Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hip Range of Motion and Association With Injury in Female Professional Tennis Players

Background: Adequate hip range of motion is required for the transfer of energy from the lower to the upper extremity along the kinetic chain. Repetitive rotational stresses in the lower extremities during tennis may lead to sport-specific range of motion adaptations, which may increase the risk of injury to other joints along the kinetic chain. Purpose: To assess whether such range of motion adaptations occur in the hip, and if so, to identify whether they are associated with injury. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 125 female professional tennis players, the majority of whom were ranked in the top 200 World Tennis Association singles rankings, underwent a comprehensive preparticipation physical health status examination. Hip range of motion was assessed using a digital inclinometer and side-to-side differences in rotational parameters calculated, and associations with previous injuries were identified. Results: A history of an abdominal strain was reported by 10% of players, and there was an association between abdominal strains and the presence of hip flexion contractures (odds ratio, 6.1; P = .006). Hip flexion contractures were bilateral in 85% of those found, affected only the nondominant side in 9%, and affected only the dominant side in 6%. We were unable to identify any specific side-to-side rotational adaptations in the dominant or nondominant hips, and no association between loss of hip range of motion and shoulder, lower back, hip, knee, or ankle injuries was found. Conclusion: We report an association in female professional tennis players between abdominal strains and flexion contractures of the hip with iliopsoas tightness. We did not find evidence of specific hip adaptations in rotational range of motion. If hip flexion contractures are found on clinical examination, a stretching program may be indicated. Further studies are required to assess whether such a program can reduce the risk of abdominal injury.
Annual review prize lecture. Central nervous mechanisms contributing to cardiovascular control.

FFRENCH-MULLEN Jarlath M. H. , PLATA-SALAMAZN Carlos R. , BUCKLEY Noel J. & DANKS Petra * Muscarinic modulation by a G-protein a-subunit of delayed rectifier K+ current in rat ventromedial hypothalamic neurones GUERINEAU Nathalie C. , GXHWILER Beat H. & GERBER Urs * Reduction of resting K' current by metabotropic glutamate and muscarinic receptors in rat CA3 cells: mediation by G-proteins NAKAMURA Koji, NUKADA Toshihide, HAGA Tatsuya & SUGIYAMA Hiroyuki * G protein-mediated inhibition of phosphoinositide metabolism evoked by metabotropic glutamate receptors in frog oocytes MUNSCH Thomas & DEITMER Joachim W. Sodium-bicarbonate cotransport current in identified leech glial cells TAYLOR J. A. & SIMONs T. J. B. The mechanism of zinc uptake by cultured rat liver cells TAKANO Koji, OGATA Etsuro & YAMASHITA Naohide Effects of activin A on ionic channels in human FSH-secreting tumour cells RUSCH A. , KROS C. J. & RICHARDSON G. P. Block by amiloride and its derivatives of mechano-electrical transduction in outer hair cells of mouse cochlear cultures RITTENHOUSE Ann R. & HEss Peter Microscopic heterogeneity in unitary N-type calcium currents in rat sympathetic neurons RAPP Moshe, SEGEV Idan & YAROM Yosef Physiology, morphology and detailed passive models of guinea-pig cerebellar Purkinje cells JIANG Z. -G. , PESSIA M. & NORTH R. A. Neurotensin excitation of rat ventral tegmental neurones SCHACKOW T. Eric & TEN EICK Robert E. Enhancement of ATP-sensitive potassium current in cat ventricular myocytes by fi-adrenoreceptor stimulation ELLIOTT Austin C. , SMITH Godfrey L. & ALLEN David G. The metabolic consequences of an increase in the frequency of stimulation in isolated ferret hearts HUANG Christopher L. -H. Charge conservation in intact frog skeletal muscle fibres in gluconatecontaining solutions CAZALETS J. R. , SQALLI-HoUSSAINI Y. & CLARAC F. GABAergic inactivation of the central pattern generators for locomotion in isolated neonatal rat spinal cord ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.
Die neue EBR-Richtlinie 2009/38/EG

Vor wenigen Monaten ist die neue Richtlinie über Europäische Betriebsräte, die Richtlinie 2009/38/EG,1 in Kraft getreten.2 Diese ändert die bestehende Richtlinie über Europäische Betriebsräte, die Richtlinie 94/45/EG,3 an einigen Punkten inhaltlich ab.4 Weitreichende Wunschvorstellungen wie sie die Gewerkschaften mit einer Revision der Richtlinie verbunden haben mögen, hat der Europäische Gesetzgeber nicht erfüllt: Weder wurden die Schwellenwerte zur Errichtung von Europäischen Betriebsräten abgesenkt, noch wurde die dreijährige „Wartefrist“ für die Errichtung eines Europäischen Betriebsrats kraft Gesetzes verkürzt, noch sieht die neue Richtlinie explizite abschreckenden Sanktionen (Unterlassungsanspruch, einstweilige Verfügung) für den Fall vor, dass ein Unternehmen seinen sich aus der Richtlinie ergebenden Verpflichtungen nicht nachkommt. Dennoch wird die neue Richtlinie von Seiten der deutschen Gewerkschaften – so scheint es jedenfalls aus der Sicht eines außen stehenden Beobachters – überwiegend positiv bewertet. Die Hans Böckler Stiftung verzeichnet z. B. „deutliche Fortschritte“. 5 Zuweilen hört man auch Sätze wie „Mehr war nicht drin“6 –, was nicht enthusiastisch klingt, aber auch nicht negativ. In diesem Beitrag sollen einige Neuerungen vorgestellt und näher beleuchtet werden.7
Unanticipated inhibition of the metallo-beta-lactamase from Bacteroides fragilis by 4-morpholineethanesulfonic acid (MES): a crystallographic study at 1.85-A resolution.

As part of a structure-aided effort to design clinically useful inhibitors of metallo-beta-lactamases, the X-ray crystal structure of a complex between the metallo-beta-lactamase from Bacteroides fragilis and 4-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid (MES) has been determined and a model for the structure has been refined to a crystallographic R-factor of 0.151 for data between 10.0- and 1.85-A resolution. Although the binding of MES was an adventitious result of the use of MES as a buffer in the crystallization mixture, MES was subsequently shown to be a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme, with a Ki of 23 +/- 5 mM. MES binds in the same fashion to both of the molecules in the crystallographic asymmetric unit; both direct and solvent-mediated hydrogen bonds to the protein and to the binuclear zinc cluster are observed, involving the oxygens of the sulfonic acid group and the nitrogen of the morpholino ring. In addition, there are hydrophobic interactions between the morpholino ring and residues in the flexible beta-strand of the enzyme between residues 26 and 36. Comparison of this structure with the previously reported unliganded structures of the same enzyme [Concha, N. O. , Rasmussen, B. A. , Bush, K. , and Herzberg, O. (1996) Structure 4, 823-836; Carfi, A. , Duée, E. , Paul-Soto, R. , Galleni, M. , Frère, J. -M. , and Dideberg, O. (1998) Acta Crystallogr. D54, 47-57] reveals that although the overall conservation of structure in the three different crystal lattices is very high, binding of MES is correlated with a significant change in the conformation of this beta-strand. The flexibility of this beta-strand will be an important consideration in the design of inhibitors of the metallo-beta-lactamases.
Selection strategies in gaze interaction

This thesis deals with selection strategies in gaze interaction, specifically for a context where gaze is the sole input modality for users with severe motor impairments. The goal has been to contribute to the subfield of assistive technology where gaze interaction is necessary for the user to achieve autonomous communication and environmental control. From a theoretical point of view research has been done on the physiology of the gaze, eye tracking technology, and a taxonomy of existing selection strategies has been developed. Empirically two overall approaches have been taken. Firstly, end-user research has been conducted through interviews and observation. The capabilities, requirements, and wants of the end-user have been explored. Secondly, several applications have been developed to explore the selection strategy of single stroke gaze gestures (SSGG) and aspects of complex gaze gestures. The main finding is that single stroke gaze gestures can successfully be used as a selection strategy. Some of the features of SSGG are: That horizontal single stroke gaze gestures are faster than vertical single stroke gaze gestures; That there is a significant difference in completion time depending on gesture length; That single stroke gaze gestures can be completed without visual feedback; That gaze tracking equipment has a significant effect on the completion times and error rates of single stroke gaze gestures; That there is not a significantly greater chance of making selection errors with single stroke gaze gestures compared with dwell selection. The overall conclusion is that the future of gaze interaction should focus on developing multi-modal interactions for mono-modal input.
Identification and characterization of fusion and processing domains of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 envelope glycoprotein

The envelope glycoprotein of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) is synthesized as a polyprotein precursor which is proteolytically processed to produce the mature surface and transmembrane envelope glycoproteins. The processed envelope glycoprotein species are responsible for the fusion between the viral envelope and the host cell membrane during the infection process. The envelope glycoprotein also induces syncytium formation between envelope-expressing cells and receptor-bearing cells. To characterize domains of the HIV-2 envelope glycoprotein involved in membrane fusion and in proteolytic processing, we introduced single amino acid mutations into the region of the HIV-2 surface glycoprotein corresponding to the principal neutralizing determinant (the V3 loop) of HIV-1, the putative HIV-2 envelope precursor-processing sequence, and the hydrophobic amino terminus of the HIV-2 transmembrane envelope glycoprotein. The effects of these mutations on syncytium formation, virus infectivity, envelope expression, envelope processing, and CD4 binding were analyzed. Our results suggest that the V3-like region of the HIV-2 surface glycoprotein and the hydrophobic amino terminus of the transmembrane glycoprotein are HIV-2 fusion domains and characterize the effects of mutations in the HIV-2 envelope glycoprotein precursor-processing sequence.
Blind separation of speech sources in multichannel compressed sensing

This paper presents a novel framework for separating and reconstructing multichannel speech sources from compressively sensed linear mixtures simultaneously. The conventional approaches for blind speech separation are almost based on the Nyquist sampling theory. We proposed an approach which uses the multichannel compressive sensing theory for blind speech separation. The linear programming and gradient-based methods are used to separate the sources. Compared with the conventional blind speech separation, the proposed approach can reduce the requirements of sampling speed and operating rate of the devices. Moreover, our approach has lower computational complexity. The main contribution of this paper lies in proposing a novel procedure to estimate the sources from the measurements without reconstructing the mixed signals. Simulation results demonstrate the proposed algorithm can separate multichannel speech sources successfully.
Midshaft Malunions of the Clavicle

Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze the functional results of corrective osteotomy of a malunited clavicular fracture in patients with chronic pain, weakness, neurologic symptoms, and dissatisfaction with the appearance of the shoulder. Methods: We identified fifteen patients (nine men and six women with a mean age of thirty-seven years) who had a malunion following nonoperative treatment of a displaced midshaft fracture of the clavicle. The mean time from the injury to presentation was three years (range, one to fifteen years). Outcome scores revealed major residual deficits. The mean amount of clavicular shortening was 2.9 cm (range, 1.6 to 4.0 cm). All patients underwent corrective osteotomy of the malunion through the original fracture line and internal fixation. Results: At the time of follow-up, at a mean of twenty months (range, twelve to forty-two months) postoperatively, the osteotomy site had united in fourteen of the fifteen patients. All fourteen patients expressed satisfaction with the result. The mean DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) score for all fifteen patients improved from 32 points preoperatively to 12 points at the time of follow-up (p = 0.001). The mean shortening of the clavicle improved from 2.9 to 0.4 cm (p = 0.01). There was one nonunion, and two patients had elective removal of the plate. Conclusions: Malunion following clavicular fracture may be associated with orthopaedic, neurologic, and cosmetic complications. In selected cases, corrective osteotomy results in a high degree of patient satisfaction and improves patient-based upper-extremity scores. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic study, Level IV (case series [no, or historical, control group]). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Assessment on China's Open Government Data Platforms: Framework, Status and Problems

The research establishes an assessment framework on government open data initiatives based on China's circumstance and then applies the framework to assess eight open government data initiatives in China. The study finds a number of problems in current open data practices in China. Based on the findings, the study provides relevant policy recommendations for fostering open government data practices in China.
Very low and intermediate density lipoprotein fractions from apolipoprotein E gene-knockout mice induce cholesteryl ester accumulation in J774 macrophages.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the atherogenic role of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) fraction isolated from plasma of apolipoprotein E (apoE)-knockout mice. METHODS Containing both VLDL and IDL (apoEko-VLDL/IDL), lipoprotein fraction was isolated from plasma of apoE-knockout mice by ultracentrifugation, and its interaction with J774 macrophages was examined together with its physicochemical properties including lipid content, electrophoresis mobility and apolipoprotein components. RESULTS ApoEko-VLDL/IDL could be actively taken up by J774 macrophages, resulting in marked cholesterol ester accumulation in the cells (55 +/- 9 nmol/mg cell protein), which was a 7-fold increase over the corresponding lever induced by low density lipoprotein and significantly higher than non-loaded group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION ApoEko-VLDL/IDL induced significant cholesterol ester accumulation through an apoE independent pathway. This pathway may explain, partly the mechanism of cholesterol deposition in arterial wall in apoE-knockout mice.
Regulation of homocytotropic antibody formation in the rat. IV. Effects of various immunosuppressive drugs.

Adult rats about 3 months old were splenectomized or thymectomized and then immunized with dinitrophenylated Ascaris suum extracts (DNP-As) plus Bordetella pertussis 3 to 10 days after the operation. Homocytotropic antibody (HTA) formation against DNP-As was examined by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) over a period of 45 days. HTA formation was found to be greatly enhanced and prolonged by splenectomy and thymectomy. Virtually no termination of HTA formation occurred. Combined extirpation of the spleen and thymus in adult rats had the same enhancing effect. Passive hemagglutination tests with sera treated or untreated with 2-mercaptoethanol showed that the production of γG and γM antibodies was unchanged. In contrast to adult thymectomy, neonatal thymectomy caused a loss, or at least a marked reduction, of the ability to produce HTA. The results suggest that adult splenectomy and thymectomy cause regulatory disturbances of HTA formation in the rat.
Study on The Nonlinear Strategy of Inertia Weight in Particle Swarm Optimization

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) as an efficient and powerful problem-solving strategy has been widely used, but the appropriate adjustment of its inertia weight usually requires a lot of time and labor. In this paper, a nonlinear variation strategy to inertia weight is presented. The results obtained through the proposed method are compared with existing PSO algorithms. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed method can provide faster convergence and optimal solution with better accuracy.
Diagnosis of intracranial lesions in very‐low‐birthweight infants by ultrasound: incidence and association with potential risk factors

This study was designed to determine the frequencies of germinal matrix and ventricular haemorrhages as well as lesions in the white matter diagnosed by ultrasonography. In subsequent studies the effects of perinatal brain lesions on the cognitive and motor development of preterm children will be presented. Lesions of the white matter are probably more damaging than intraventricular and subependymal bleeds. Therefore, a modified classification of the lesions was used, clearly separating bleeds from white matter pathology. The study includes 291 infants with a body weight of ≤1500 g consecutively admitted to the neonatal intensive‐care unit at Karolinska Hospital from 1988 to 1993. Fifty‐four (18.9%) died before 6 months. Two hundred and sixty‐three infants were examined using ultrasound. Pathology due to bleeding was classified into three grades (B1–3) similar to Papile's first three grades. Pathology in periventricular white matter was classified into four groups (W1–4): W1 = subtle and W2 = distinctive white matter echodensities; W3 = cyst formation; W4 = large, intense echodensity. Forty‐nine patients had abnormalities in the periventricular white matter (15 W1, 12 W2, 11 W3 and 11 W4) and 58 had subependymal (B1 = 29) or ventricular bleeding without (B2 = 13) or with dilatation (B3 = 16). Ventilator treatment was significantly associated with both B and W lesions. Low gestational age, low birthweight, small for gestational age, pre‐eclampsia and caesarean section were significantly associated with B lesions whereas asphyxia, surfactant treatment, male patient sex and outborn were associated with W lesions; B1–3 and W1–4 lesions were thus partly associated with different potential risk factors. The pre‐ and perinatal potential risk factors could only partly explain the variance in the frequency of B and W lesions, indicating that there are yet unidentified risk factors for intracranial ultrasonographic pathology.
Adipositas athletica: a group of neglected conditions associated with medical risks

At the 2008 Olympics, the body weight of the athletes varied from 28 to 181 kg and many Olympic athletes therefore today have a stature far from the ancient Greek athletic ideals. Athletes and sports associated with leanness and their medical problems have been researched extensively. However, there has been less focus on those athletes, who may gain a competitive advantage by having excess body fat, being large or oversized. The present review introduces for the first time the concept of Adipositas athletica and gives a description and classification of these athletes. Adipositas athletica is defined as having a higher than “athletic normal” (Greek Olympic ideals) fat mass and being an elite athlete. The condition is divided into subgroups based on the intent or non‐intent to increase body fat per se. Another factor is the intent to increase body mass as well as increasing physiological factors such as strength or endurance. It is concluded that most of the sports‐medicine community‐physicians, researchers and nutritionists – has neglected these oversized and obese athletes, their long‐ and short‐term morbidity and mortality, their eating problems and the use of performance‐enhancing drugs. Although some data on overweight and obese athletes exist, the most remarkable finding when reviewing the literature is the paucity of data. Many unanswered questions remain and great strides remain to be made.
Postoperative Mortality in The Netherlands: A Population-based Analysis of Surgery-specific Risk in Adults

Background:Few data are available that systematically describe rates and trends of postoperative mortality for fairly large, unselected patient populations. Methods:This population-based study uses a registry of 3.7 million surgical procedures in 102 hospitals in The Netherlands during 1991–2005. Patients older than 20 yr who underwent an elective, nonday case, open surgical procedure were enrolled. Patient data included main (discharge) diagnosis, secondary diagnoses, dates of admission and discharge, death during admission, operations, age, sex, and a limited number of comorbidities classified according to the International Classification of Diseases 9th revision Clinical Modification. The main outcome measure was postoperative all-cause mortality. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were applied to evaluate the relationship between type of surgery and the main outcome. Results:Postoperative all-cause death was observed in 67,879 patients (1.85%). In a model based on a classification into 11 main surgical categories, breast surgery was associated with lowest mortality (adjusted incidence, 0.07%), and vascular surgery was associated with highest mortality (adjusted incidence, 5.97%). In a model based on 36 surgical subcategories, the adjusted mortality ranged from 0.07% for hernia nuclei pulposus surgery to 18.5% for liver transplant. The c-index of the 36-category model was 0.88, which was significantly (P < 0.001) higher than the c-index that was associated with the simple surgical classification (low vs. high risk) in the commonly used Revised Cardiac Risk Index (c-index, 0.83). Conclusions:This population-based study provided a detailed and contemporary overview of postoperative mortality for the entire surgical spectrum, which may act as reference standard for surgical outcome in Western populations.
A study of passive harmonic filter planning for an AC microgrid

A microgrid usually consists of small-scale of thermal generation sources and other distributed energy resources (DER) such as photovoltaic, wind power, and fuel cells to serve its loads. The microgrid can increase DER penetrations and operation reliability through appropriate control schemes and energy management. When the inverter-based DERs supply electric energy to nonlinear loads in the microgrid, harmonic currents are produced and resonances in the grid may occur and causes negative impacts on some critical loads or other equipment, as well as extra power losses. To mitigate the undesired harmonic effects and improve the microgrid performance, this paper presents a study of planning single-tuned passive harmonic filters for the microgrid. Simulation results show that the designed filters can effectively mitigate the harmonic currents in the microgrid.