Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A neural approach for detecting inline mathematical expressions from scientific documents

Scientific documents generally contain multiple mathematical expressions in them. Detecting inline mathematical expressions are one of the most important and challenging tasks in scientific text mining. Recent works that detect inline mathematical expressions in scientific documents have looked at the problem from an image processing perspective. There is little work that has targeted the problem from NLP perspective. Towards this, we define a few features and applied Conditional Random Fields (CRF) to detect inline mathematical expressions in scientific documents. Apart from this feature based approach, we also propose a hybrid algorithm that combines Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory networks (Bi‐LSTM) and feature‐based approach for this task. Experimental results suggest that this proposed hybrid method outperforms several baselines in the literature and also individual methods in the hybrid approach.
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Protection in Avian Semen - Review -

: Avian spermatozoa are characterised by high concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), in particular docosatetraenoic (DTA, 22:4n-6) and arachidonic (AA, 20:4n-6) acids. As a result they are vulnerable to lipid peroxidation, which is considered to be an important factor of male infertility. Antioxidant systems are expressed in spermatozoa and seminal plasma and b 나 ild three major levels of antioxidant defense. The first level is based on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) which is, in conjunction with glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase and metal-binding proteins, responsible for prevention of free radical formation. The second level of defence is responsible for prevention and restriction of chain reaction propagation and includes chain-breaking antioxidants such as vitamin E, ascorbic acid, glutathione and some others. The third level of antioxidant defence deals with damaged molecules, repairing or removing them from the cell and includes specific enzymes such as lipases, proteases, DNA repair enzymes etc. In the review, profiles of PUFAs and the two first lines of antioxidant defence in avian spermatozoa are characterised. Dietary manipulation of the breeder's diet (PUFA, vitamin E and selenium) as an effective means of modulating fatty acid composition and antioxidant system is also considered. Antioxidant properties of seminal plasma and efficiencies of inclusion of antioxidants into semen diluents are also characterised. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2001. Vol 14, No. 7 : 1024-1050)
Variation and covariation for quantitative resistance to head blight (Fusarium culmorum) in two testcross series of S2 lines in winter rye

The amount of genetic variation among inbred lines and testcrosses, and covariation between both genetic materials, are of crucial importance for selection efficiency in hybrid breeding. To estimate these quantitative genetic parameters for resistance of winter rye (Secale cereale) to head blight caused by Fusarium culmorum, 88 three-way cross hybrids, produced by crossing each of 44 S2 Carsten inbred lines with two unrelated Petkus single-cross testers, were evaluated along with the parental lines over 2 years. Resistance traits were head-blight rating and grain weight per spike relative to the non-inoculated control. Significant genotypic variation occurred among lines and in both testcross series. S2 lines displayed considerably more variation than testcross series. Genotype × environment interaction was more marked among the inbred lines, while estimates of heritability were similar for both genetic materials. Testcrosses showed heterosis for head-blight resistance. No relationship existed between S2 lines and the two testcross series for any resistance trait. This might be caused by an association between inbreeding and Fusarium-head-blight susceptibility and different inbreeding depression among the S2 population. The phenotypic correlations between the testcross series were moderate for both traits (r = 0.58, P < 0.01). In conclusion, Fusarium-head-blight resistance has to be selected at the respective heterozygosity levels.
Students’ interactions in online asynchronous discussions in qualitative research methods coursework

ABSTRACT This paper reports on findings from a study that examined students’ online asynchronous discussions in five online courses on qualitative research methods. Online asynchronous discussion data from 22 students in 5 courses over a period of two years were analyzed iteratively, revealing two themes: (1) patterns of writing in students’ posts that both softened authoritative speech and encouraged continued conversation and (2) expressions of authority and vulnerability embedded in students’ posts in relation to knowledge construction. Postings included proportionately similar patterns of authoritative and vulnerable language from week to week. Findings align with other studies of online discussions, in that much agreement, complimenting and supportive talk and few direct challenges were observed in the data. Findings contribute to literature on teaching qualitative methods by adding to what is known about how technology mediates delivery of coursework in the teaching of qualitative research methods. Understanding how qualitative researchers learn to conduct research in online contexts is essential for instructors of qualitative research methodology using online course delivery to prepare future researchers to develop innovative methods and conduct significant research.
Diversification Strategy for Mobile App Developers: Understanding Diversification Strategy for Mobile App Developers: Understanding the Role of App Category Characteristics on App Performance the Role of App Category Characteristics on App Performance

App developers adopt diversification strategy with their app-offerings to improve market performance and gain more revenue. The success of this strategy depends on different factors such as app category characteristics and competitive dynamics. As mobile app platforms are characterized by the presence of both positive and negative network effects, competition within an app category (i
Power minimization of WBSN using adaptive routing protocoL

The present work was an attempt to address a challenge of energy utilization or consumption in WBSN, it used a proposed routing algorithm based on ant optimization technique to distribute energy utilization efficiently on nodes. Thus reducing consumed energy and extending the life cycle of nodes, as well as avoiding damages might be occurred in tissues of patient`s body. At the beginning the proposed protocol was compared with conventional routing protocol LEACH to prove it`s efficiency in the extending of the life cycle of node, then it was used with experimental network was employed to examine energy utilizations. The obtained results were compared with others attained by conventional and developed routing protocols, there was considerable minimizing in the energy consumption that proved efficiency of proposed algorithm.
Low-Complexity Joint User and Beam Selection for Beamspace mmWave MIMO Systems

Beam selection can alleviate the requirement on the number of radio frequency (RF) chains in lens array-assisted millimeter Wave (mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. This letter investigates the performance of joint user and beam selection in a multi-user discrete lens arrays (DLA) communication system. To reap the maximum throughput, we jointly optimize the beam selection and user selection. Specifically, two algorithms are formulated based on stable matching and greedy search in order to find a proper subset of users and beams. Simulation results show that the proposed methods can achieve almost the same performance as the exhaustive-search-based method but involve much lower complexity.
ImpediBands: Body Coupled Bio-Impedance Patches for Physiological Sensing Proof of Concept

Continuous and robust monitoring of physiological signals is essential in improving the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. The state-of-the-art systems for monitoring vital signs such as heart rate, heart rate variability, respiration rate, and other hemodynamic and respiratory parameters use often bulky and obtrusive systems or depend on wearables with limited sensing methods based on repetitive properties of the signals rather than the morphology. Moreover, multiple devices and modalities are typically needed for capturing various vital signs simultaneously. In this paper, we introduce ImpediBands: small-sized distributed smart bio-impedance (Bio-Z) patches, where the communication between the patches is established through the human body, eliminating the need for electrical wires that would create a common potential point between sensors. We use ImpediBands to collect instantaneous measurements from multiple locations over the chest at the same time. We propose a blind source separation (BSS) technique based on the second-order blind identification (SOBI) followed by signal reconstruction to extract heart and lung activities from the Bio-Z signals. Using the separated source signals, we demonstrate the performance of our system via providing strong confidence in the estimation of heart and respiration rates with low RMSE (HRRMSE = 0.579 beats per minute, RRRMSE = 0.285 breaths per minute), and high correlation coefficients (rHR = 0.948, rRR = 0.921).
Adherence to e-mental health among youth: Considerations for intervention development and research design

E-mental health programmes have great potential to provide young people with access to mental health support. However, it is commonly reported that adherence to these programmes is low. Low adherence can be problematic, particularly if young people do not receive the full benefits of a programme. In a research trial setting, non-adherence to treatment recommendations can prevent researchers from drawing strong conclusions about effectiveness. Although adherence has been recognised as an issue in need of attention, many of the reviews available are focused on adults and lack clear direction towards what strategies to employ. This paper presents a broad review of the adherence literature, focusing on factors associated with improving adherence to e-mental health among youth. Our view on the key elements to improve adherence identified from the existing literature are presented, and key recommendations for e-mental health intervention design are provided. These include: developing and communicating adherence guidelines based on individuals’ needs and symptom severity, including customisable features to provide a tailored experience and promote a sense of agency, including engagement checks and adopting a user-centred approach by utilising strategies such as co-design. This paper provides guidance to intervention designers and researchers by outlining recommendations and considerations for intervention development and research design.
Single centre randomized comparative trial of lateral internal sphincterotomy versus 2% diltiazem in chronic anal fissure

Anal fissure is a common disorder of anorectal region encountered in our surgical practice. Anal fissure is a linear ulceration of the squamous lining of the distal anal canal producing pain in the anal region during defecation. Acute anal fissures usually heal spontaneously within 4-6 weeks. Chronic fissures on the other hand are those which persist beyond 6 weeks causing chronic pain and showing secondary changes such as skin tag or sentinel pile and hypertrophic papilla. Etiopathogenesis of fissure in ano is not well understood but commonly attributed to increase in the sphincter tone with passage of hard stools causing a linear ulcer. The vicious cycle of healing by contracture and increased resting anal pressure causes chronic inflammation thereby resulting in chronic anal fissure with secondary changes such as a sentinel tag. Thus relieving the sphincter spasm is the ultimate aim of treatment and this can be achieved either by surgery or by medical management. The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons recommend conservative management with stool ABSTRACT
Reassessing the value of nursery areas to shark conservation and management

Concern over declining shark populations has led to an intense interest in their conservation and management. Due to the difficulties involved in managing adult sharks, focus has been placed on young juvenile and neonate age classes that inhabit discrete inshore nursery areas. However, past confusion over what qualifies as a nursery habitat has led to the identification of vast coastal areas as nurseries, making conservation unfeasible. With the establishment of more discerning criteria for nursery area identification such concerns have been somewhat alleviated, but while effort has been put into defining, identifying, mapping, and in some cases protecting nursery areas, little attention has been paid to the practical value of nurseries for the recovery of exploited shark populations. Often neonate and young juveniles are considered the most critical age classes in terms of population stability/recovery, but evidence is mounting that suggests life stages outside the nursery may be more important in this regard. While nursery area protection should remain a component in shark management strategies it will be critical to link early life stage conservation with management strategies that encompass older individuals residing outside nurseries if effective management is to be achieved.
GENDER-WISE PREVALENCE OF DIABETES AMONG THE INDIAN POPULATION: A META ANALYSIS USING R SOFTWARE

Diabetes is one of the common progressive long term non-communicable diseases, which places a significant burden of self management on the affected individuals and their families. The aim of this study was to find the pooled estimate of the gender-wise prevalence of diabetes among the Indian population. We systematically reviewed published epidemiologic studies on the prevalence of diabetes among the Indian population. We searched for studies published during the year 2001 to 2019 using Pub Med, Google Scholar, EMBASE, etc. A meta-analysis was conducted using R Software (version 3.4.3). The pooled prevalence of diabetes among the males population of India after analyzing 63,132 male subjects from forty nine studies was 11.8% (95% CI: 10.5%-13.1%). Similarly, the prevalence of diabetes after analyzing 69,424 female subjects from forty eight studies was 10.1% (95% CI: 8.8%-11.7%). This study revealed that the prevalence of diabetes was higher among the males than the females of India. The findings from this review could be of help to implement cost-effective diabetes control programs to reduce the burden and optimize patient care in diabetes.
Plant Phenology in a Cloud Forest on the Island of Maui, Hawaii 1

We recorded the times of flowering, fruiting, and leafing for ten native canopy and subcanopy trees and shrubs (monthly from December 1994 through December 1997) in a montane cloud forest with relatively aseasonal rainfall on the island of Maui, Hawaii. These species represented the great majority of individual woody plants at the site. Flowers and fruits were available in the community year–round; however, all species exhibited annual patterns of flowering, and four species showed annual patterns of fruiting while the rest fruited in supra–annual patterns. Many species had protracted flowering or fruiting peaks, and some bore small numbers of flowers or fruit year‐round. Most species flowered in a monthly peak mainly between May and August, corresponding to the period of greatest solar irradiance and marginally higher temperatures. Fruit ripening followed at varying intervals. In contrast, the heaviest flowering occurred between November and March, resulting from bloom of the dominant tree, Metrosideros polymorpha. At the highest elevations, Metrosideros flowering was heaviest during September, but peak flowering of lower elevation trees occurred in late fall and winter. Two forms of this species differed in their temporal and spatial patterns of flowering. For M. polymorpha var. polymorpha and var. incana, bloom peaked annually between November and January; however, for M. polymorpha var. glaberrima, flowering peaked from April through July, with an earlier secondary peak in January.
Interaction of an ≈ 40 kDa protein from regenerating rat liver with the −148 to −124 region of c-jun complexed with RLjunRP coincides with enhanced c-jun expression in proliferating rat liver

The c-jun belongs to the family of proto-oncogenes and encodes for the protein Jun, a component of transcription factor AP-1 involved in regulation of the expression of genes indispensable for cell proliferation and differentiation. While the role of c-jun in the regulation of such genes has been well examined, the regulation of c-jun in proliferating cells is not fully understood. We have earlier reported that the −148 to −124 region of c-jun is involved in the positive regulation of c-jun transcription, and interacts with a positive regulatory factor (rat liver jun regulatory protein; RLjunRP) present in rat liver. In this investigation, we report that this region is differentially recognized in proliferating liver as evidenced by the formation of a complex, different from that observed with normal liver extract. The new complex appears as early as 2 h after partial hepatectomy and its appearance coincides with the rise in c-jun mRNA levels after partial hepatectomy. In regenerating rat liver nuclear extract, an additional protein of ≈ 40 kDa (rRLjunRP) interacts with a pre-existing dimer of RLjunRP complexed with the −148 to −124 region of c-jun to form a slow-migrating complex. rRLjunRP appears to pre-exist in the cytosol and translocate to the nucleus as indicated by the continued presence of the retarded complex in nuclear extract prepared from partially hepatectomized rats treated with cycloheximide. UV crosslinking studies, South-Western blot analysis, SDS/PAGE of affinity-purified factor(s), and 2D-PAGE analysis clearly demonstrate that the additional factor induced in response to growth stimulus is an ≈ 40 kDa, that binds with the dimer of RLjunRP and enhances the c-jun transcription.
Mechanics of Supplementation in the Columbia River

Abstract Hatcheries are increasingly used to supplement at-risk salmonids in the Columbia River. Under the supplementation concept, hatcheries are generally required to collect locally adapted populations for broodstock on small-order tributaries and to release their progenies to these same streams. Many are failing for reasons not fully known but partly because of functional problems with the facilities used to trap and release fish. Advancements in technology may improve these structures, but more-adaptable approaches to their operation may better enhance the effectiveness of supplementation programs. Two means to accomplish this are (1) to diversify broodstock collection and smolt release strategies that respond to changing environmental conditions and population demographics, and (2) to coordinate the individual supplementation facilities with local watershed restoration initiatives. Hatcheries could become particularly compatible with one focus of watershed management—that which helps diversify salmo.
Diversity of fungi colonizing leaves of Rhododendron (Rhododendron L.) cuttings

Rhododendrons ( Rhododendron L.) are shrubs whose attractiveness is determined by their multi-coloured flowers and evergreen leaves. Necroses visible on the leaves of rhododendron cuttings diminish the suitability of nursery material for marketing. These symptoms are most frequently caused by fungi. The investigations were conducted in 2010–2011 in an ornamental shrub nursery to identify fungi colonizing the phyllosphere of rhododendron cuttings and causing leaf necroses. The material for analysis consisted of leaves of 11 rhododendron cultivars. 550 leaves were collected from 110 half-year-old cuttings for mycological analysis. Over 350 fungal colonies belonging to 15 species were isolated from the leaves of rhododendron cuttings. The dominants included: Pestalotiopsis sydowiana , Trichoderma koningii and Alternaria alternata . The influents included: Aspergillus brasiliensis , Mucor hiemalis f. hiemalis , Epicoccum nigrum , Sordaria fimicola and Umbelopsis isabellina . A large majority of the fungi preferred the phyllosphere environment of Yakushima rhododendron ( R. yakushimanum ) cultivars ‘Sneezy’ and ‘Golden Torch’ as well as of the large-flowered cultivars ‘Flautando’, ‘Dominik’, and ‘Simona’. The phyllosphere of the large-flowered cultivars ‘Bernstein’, ‘Nova Zembla’, and ‘Goldbuckett’ was a reservoir for many fungal colonies and fungi species. The cultivars less susceptible to colonization by fungi and the most promising for planting in green areas and home gardens are the large-flowered cultivars ‘Bernstein’, ‘Nova Zembla’, ‘Goldbuckett’, ‘Rasputin’, and ‘Roseum Elegans’.
Early Angiosperms from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation (Brazil), a Preliminary Report

Early Cretaceous angiosperm remains from the Gondwana Continent were hitherto very rare. The Aptian or Albian Crato Formation (Brazil) contains various angiosperm fossils, mainly detached leaves, but there are also impression fossils with organically connected parts. These include stems with attached leaves and sometimes reproductive structures, several follicular structures that occur both isolated and attached to their axes, and a few complete plants, probably mostly aquatics, with adhering roots, stems, leaves, and reproductive structures. This presentation is intended to give the first overview of the angiosperm diversity in structural and organizational terms of these angiosperms from northern Gondwana during the late Early Cretaceous; detailed descriptions and analyses of these taxa will be given later. Diversity is reasonably high, with close to 20 taxa. Most of these taxa might belong to the magnoliid clade, and basal eudicots might have occurred at this locality as well.
Forage cactus associated with different fiber sources for lactating Sindhi cows: intake, digestibility and microbial protein production

This experiment was carried to evaluate the effect of forage cactus with different fiber sources (elephant grass hay [EGH], corn straw [CS], hay of cassava shoots [HCS], fresh sugarcane bagasse [FSB], and hydrolyzed sugarcane bagasse [HSB]) on intake, apparent digestibility and macrobiotic protein production of cows. Five cows with 265 kg average body weight, 4.95 kg average daily milk yield and 5.22 kg 4% fat-corrected milk yield were randomly allocated to a 5 × 5 Latin square design. The animals fed cactus associated with CS, EGH and HCS showed higher intake of DM and nutrients. However, regarding the digestibility, diets with sugarcane bagasse showed higher digestibility compared with those with CS and hay. For microbial protein, the excretion of purine derivatives, synthesis of microbial N and microbial protein production were higher in the treatment with CS than in the treatment with sugarcane bagasse. On the other hand, the treatment with EGH and HCS did not have statistical differences compared with the other cases. The mean efficiency of microbial protein synthesis of the experiment was 131 g microbial crude protein/kg of TDN. The treatment with CS showed better efficiency; however, it was statistically superior only compared with FSB. The other treatments did not show statistical difference compared with the other cases. Diets with cactus associated with corn straw, hay of elephant grass or hay of cassava shoots provide higher intake of dry matter and nutrients and better metabolic response compared with diets with cactus associated with sugarcane bagasse for lactating Sindhi cows.