Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incidence and determinants of hyperkalemia among heart failure patients who used spironolactone

Background Potassium balance in heart failure is affected by many factors including neurohormonal mechanisms and drugs used in its management. Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitor therapies are part of heart failure therapy and have been associated with increase the risk of hyperkalemia. Currently, there are limited data on the prevalence and risk factors of hyperkalemia in heart failure patients who received spironolactone as an add-on to standard therapy which include Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs) or Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). The objective of this study is to identify Incidence and determine of hyperkalemia risk factors among heart failure patients who have been using spironolactone. Methods This is a retrospective chart review, from March 1, 2016 to March 31, 2019 conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City-Riyadh. All heart failure patients with age more than 18 year who are using spironolactone were included and we excluded if they had any of the following criteria: (1) end stage renal disease on dialysis; (2) cancer; (3) history of hyperkalemia. A data collection sheet was used to collect demographics (e.g., age, gender, weight, ejection fraction, and baseline potassium), comorbidities (e.g., chronic kidney disease, and diabetes), visit history (dose of spironolactone, hyperkalemia incidence, time to the event, medication that was patient on include (ACEI, ARB, digoxin, furosemide, beta-blockers, and potassium supplements), average potassium level, average creatinine, and average BNP). An Excel-based tool (Microsoft® Excel; Version 2018) was used for systematic data sampling and analysis. The study was approved by Institutional Review Board. Results A total of 349 patients met the inclusion criteria. 43% of patients were men while 57% were women. The mean age of patients was 64.87 ± 14.02 years. The mean baseline of potassium before start spironolactone were 4.34 ± 3.45 mmol/L. Hyperkalemia were assessed with different dose of spironolactone (12.5 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg). 161 patients were received 12.5 mg spironolactone, 40% of those patients who had incidence of hyperkalemia. 62% of those who developed hyperkalemia were on ACEI, 28% on ARB, 14% on potassium supplements. 263 patients were received 25 mg spironolactone, 47% of patients had incidence of hyperkalemia. 49% of those who developed hyperkalemia were on ACEI, 31% on ARB, and 22% on potassium supplements. 17 patients were received 50 mg spironolactone, 53% of patients had incidence of hyperkalemia. 44% of those who developed hyperkalemia were on ACEI, 22% on ARB, and 22% on potassium supplements. Conclusion Our study showed that half of heart failure patients who used spironolactone developed hyperkalemia. The majority of patients who developed hyperkalemia were either on ACEIs or ARBs. Spironolactone dosing of 50 mg was associated with highest incidence of hyperkalemia. Further study with a larger sample size is required to clarify and confirm our study findings.
Design of a Local Nested Grid for the Optimal Combined Use of Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2 Data

Earth Observation (EO) imagery is difficult to find and access for the intermediate user, requiring advanced skills and tools to transform it into useful information. Currently, remote sensing data is increasingly freely and openly available from different satellite platforms. However, the variety of images in terms of different types of sensors, spatial and spectral resolutions generates limitations due to the heterogeneity and complexity of the data, making it difficult to exploit the full potential of satellite imagery. Addressing this issue requires new approaches to organize, manage, and analyse remote-sensing imagery. This paper focuses on the growing trend based on satellite EO and the analysis-ready data (ARD) to integrate two public optical satellite missions: Landsat 8 (L8) and Sentinel 2 (S2). This paper proposes a new way to combine S2 and L8 imagery based on a Local Nested Grid (LNG). The LNG designed plays a key role in the development of new products within the European EO downstream sector, which must incorporate assimilation techniques and interoperability best practices, automatization, systemization, and integrated web-based services that will potentially lead to pre-operational downstream services. The approach was tested in the Duero river basin (78,859 km2) and in the groundwater Mancha Oriental (7279 km2) in the Jucar river basin, Spain. In addition, a viewer based on Geoserver was prepared for visualizing the LNG of S2 and L8, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values in points. Thanks to the LNG presented in this paper, the processing, storage, and publication tasks are optimal for the combined use of images from two different satellite sensors when the relationship between spatial resolutions is an integer (3 in the case of L8 and S2).
A New Adaptive Fault Tolerant Framework in the Cloud

The of robustness in cloud computing is becoming mainstream due to unprecedented growth in the cloud. In order to enhance cloud service reliability, various fault tolerance techniques have been suggested in the literature. Many cloud service reliability and availability issues are arising due to the failure of virtual machines (VMs). Therefore, this study contributes a new Threshold-Based Adaptive Fault Tolerance (TBAFT) approach in the cloud by amalgamating proactive and reactive approaches. Furthermore, in this paper, VM migration and replication are being utilized in the proactive approach, whereas retry is used as a reactive approach. Additionally, experimental validation is performed by comparing three benchmark fault tolerance approaches by incorporating the first fit and least full host selection policies. The obtained experimental results of the proposed approach are presented in terms of different metrics such as failure rate, throughput, migration, and execution time using CloudSim simulator.
Awareness of Primary Teachers about Teaching Location and Direction Concepts

Research Article www.rigeo. org 1 Corresponding author: Assoc. Prof.; Mersin University, Faculty of Education, Department of Primary Education, Ciftlikkoy Campus, Mersin, TURKEY. dagnilgundag [at] gmail.com. ORCID: 0000-0002-5084-6472 2 Prof. Dr. Gazi University, Faculty of Education, Department of Social Studies Education, Ankara, TURKEY. baksoy28 [at] gmail.com. ORCID: 0000-0002-7181-8008 3Assoc. Prof.; Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Department of Educational Science, Educational Philosophy, Social and Historical Fundamentals of Education, Meşelik Campus, Eskişehir, harslantas [at] ogu.edu. tr. ORCID: 0000-0002-5289-9017
One-Step Preparation of Biochar Electrodes and Their Applications in Sediment Microbial Electrochemical Systems

Biochar is a kind of carbon-rich material formed by pyrolysis of biomass at high temperature in the absence or limitation of oxygen. It has abundant pore structure and a large surface area, which could be considered the beneficial characteristics for electrodes of microbial electrochemical systems. In this study, reed was used as the raw material of biochar and six biochar-based electrode materials were obtained by three methods, including one-step biochar cathodes (BC 800 and BC 700), biochar/polyethylene composite cathodes (BP 5:5 and BP 6:4), and biochar/polyaniline/hot-melt adhesive composite cathode (BPP 5:1:4 and BPP 4:1:5). The basic physical properties and electrochemical properties of the self-made biochar electrode materials were characterized. Selected biochar-based electrode materials were used as the cathode of sediment microbial electrochemical reactors. The reactor with pure biochar electrode (BC 800) achieves a maximum output power density of 9.15 ± 0.02 mW/m2, which increases the output power by nearly 80% compared with carbon felt. When using a biochar/polyaniline/hot-melt adhesive (BPP 5:1:4) composite cathode, the output power was increased by 2.33 times. Under the premise of ensuring the molding of the material, the higher the content of biochar, the better the electrochemical performance of the electrodes. The treatment of reed powder before pyrolysis is an important factor for the molding of biochar. The one-step molding biochar cathode had satisfactory performance in sediment microbial electrochemical systems. By exploring the biochar-based electrode, waste biomass could be reused, which is beneficial for the environment.
Legitimation of hate and political violence through memetic images: the Bolsonaro campaign

The federal elections were held in Brazil in 2018. The ballot resulted in a victory for the far-right candidate, Jair Messias Bolsonaro. The question that arose after the victory of the farright was: How could this have happened? One of the instruments that undoubtedly contributed to this unexpected victory was a peculiar aspect of his political campaign: memetic communication. Through the use of memes in the social media (above all WhatsApp), Bolsonaro’s project transformed these violent discourses against political opponents, feminism, racialised persons and poverty into a series of discourses legitimised through humour and irony. It was a simplification through the memes affecting the static system of cognitive and metaphorical frameworks. During the pre-election period in 2018, we carried out digital ethnographic research in the WhatsApp groups of supporters of Bolsonaro’s project (“Bolsonarism”). In this period, we collected a sample of 132 memes belonging to WhatsApp groups composed of up to 256 members, who did not know each other and were geographically dispersed. The analysis we carried out demonstrates the trivialisation and legitimisation of violence against political opponents and other social groups. Much of this legitimisation was camouflaged under the mask of supposed humour and irony, which in reality was insulting, prejudicial and dehumanising.
Policy implementation in the health sector of the federal state of Belgium: An ethnographic approach

ABSTRACT When analysing public policies, an implementation gap is often attributed to unclear or irrelevant goals, implementers’ disobedience and/or the numerous layers of government involved. This paper focuses on the multi-layer problem, wondering whether aspects other than the number of layers have an influence on the implementation gap in federal contexts, for example, the layers’ degree of autonomy or the competencies ‘allocation. It addresses the following research question: from an organizational point of view, to what extent does federalism, as a specific institutional configuration, influence the constitution of an implementation gap as part of a public policy implementation process? This research focuses on the implementation of public policy in the Belgian health sector intended to integrate care for chronic patients. It highlights the blockages that may occur in a multi-layer federal country like Belgium, showing that federalism can become dysfunctional if the allocation of competencies was made in an incoherent manner.
Non‐syndromic thoracic aortic aneurysm: cellular and molecular insights

Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) develops silently and asymptomatically and is a major cause of mortality. TAA prevalence is greatly underestimated, it is usually diagnosed incidentally, and its treatment consists mainly of prophylactic surgery based on the aortic diameter. The lack of effective drugs and biological markers to identify and stratify TAAs by risk before visible symptoms results from scant knowledge of its pathophysiological mechanisms. Here we integrate the structural impairment affecting non‐syndromic non‐familial TAA with the main cellular and molecular changes described so far and consider how these changes are interconnected through specific pathways. The ultimate goal is to define much‐needed novel markers of TAA, and so the potential of previously identified molecules to aid in early diagnosis/prognosis is also discussed. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Buoyancy‐Driven Flexure at the Front of Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, Observed With ICESat‐2 Laser Altimetry

Mass loss from Antarctica’s three largest ice shelves is dominated by calving, primarily of large tabular icebergs every few decades. Smaller, more frequent calving events also occur, but it is more difficult to detect them and quantify their contribution to total ice‐shelf mass loss. We used surface elevation data from NASA’s ICESat‐2 laser altimeter to examine the structure of the Ross Ice Shelf front between October 2018 and July 2020. Profiles frequently show a depression a few meters deep about 200–800 m upstream of the front, with higher values on the eastern portion of the ice shelf. This structure results from bending due to buoyancy of a submerged ice bench generated by ice‐front melting near the waterline when warm water is present in summer. These bending stresses may cause small‐scale calving events whose frequency would change as summer sea ice and atmosphere–ocean heat exchanges vary over time.
Nanoporous silver films produced by solid-state dewetting for SERS applications

Detection of analytes in aqueous solution with high specificity and sensitivity is of paramount importance in many fields of science, ranging from biomedicine, environmental control, and food quality assessment. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has proven to be a cutting-edge analytical technique for this purpose, by combining the high selectivity of Raman features with the high sensitivity deriving from the plasmonic amplification of Raman signals. Herein, we report a facile and quite effective approach to fabricate large-area Ag-based SERS substrates, exhibiting a porous, coral-like nanotexture. Due to their intrinsic large surface-area and high hot-spot density, the produced substrates appear quite promising for the detection of analytes at trace levels. The nanoporous substrates are produced by Solid-State Dewetting (SSD) of thin Ag-films. In particular, ~30 nm thickness Ag-films are first deposited on glass coverslips by magnetron sputtering. Then, marked roughening is induced by exposing the films to an Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) discharge, using synthetic air as feeding gas. The performances of our SERS substrates are characterized in terms of morphology and enhancement factor using CV as probe molecule.
Modeling the Distribution of Human Mobility Metrics with Online Car-Hailing Data - An Empirical Study in Xi'an, China

Modeling the distribution of daily and hourly human mobility metrics is beneficial for studying underlying human travel patterns. In previous studies, some probability distribution functions were employed in order to establish a base for human mobility research. However, the selection of the most suitable distribution is still a challenging task. In this paper, we focus on modeling the distributions of travel distance, travel time, and travel speed. The daily and hourly trip data are fitted with several candidate distributions, and the best one is selected based on the Bayesian information criterion. A case study with online car-hailing data in Xi’an, China, is presented to demonstrate and evaluate the model fit. The results indicate that travel distance and travel time of daily and hourly human mobility tend to follow Gamma distribution, and travel speed can be approximated by Burr distribution. These results can contribute to a better understanding of online car-hailing travel patterns and establish a base for human mobility research.
Promoting effects of melatonin supplements on the embryogenic callus maintainance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

The goal of this study was to determine melatonin impacts on the embryogenic callus formation and callus necrosis recovering of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L). Calluses, obtained from leaf explants, were cultivated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.0125 mg mL melatonin + 1 mg mL 2,4-D or 0.0125 mg mL kinetin + 1 mg mL melatonin. Melatonin reduced the embryogenic callus formation in both concentrations. It was detected that the weight of fresh callus in genotypes was strongly related with hormones under in vitro conditions and the lowest fresh callus weight was detected in presence of 0.0125 mg mL kinetin and 1 mg mL melatonin. Based on the callus necrosis recovery, the highest callus necrosis weight (0.843 g) were recorded in embryogenic calluses cultivated in 0.0125 mg mL melatonin + 1 mg mL 2,4-D melatonin-supplemented medium, compared with the calluses activited with MS alone (0.587 g). In conclusion, it was detected in this study that in vitro melatonin could be used in callus necrosis recovered in tissue cultures of alfalfa.
Vers la manipulation optique d'atomes ultra-froids d'ytterbium excités dans des états de Rydberg

Les proprietes exacerbees des atomes de Rydberg ont permis d'etendre les possibilites offertes par les atomes froids dans la creation de gaz d'atomes en tres forte interaction, avec des applications notamment en simulations quantiques, dans la physique a N corps ou dans la realisation de portes quantiques grâce au phenomene de blocage dipolaire. L'utilisation des atomes de Rydberg froids est cependant actuellement limitee par le fait qu'il n'est pas possible de continuer d'appliquer les techniques experimentales de manipulation optique avec les atomes a un electron actif. L’attention de la communaute des atomes de Rydberg froids s’est donc recemment portee sur les atomes a deux electrons actifs qui offrent la possibilites, une fois l’un des deux electrons excite vers un etat de Rydberg, de disposer d’un second electron optiquement actif qu’il va etre possible de manipuler par laser. L’objectif de cette these est d’etendre les techniques de manipulation optique aux atomes a deux electrons actifs excites dans des etats de Rydberg, dans le cas de l’atome d’ytterbium. Elle presente d’une part la conception et l’assemblage du dispositif experimental permettant l’obtention d’une source d’atomes de Rydberg froids d’ytterbium. A terme, ce montage permettra la manipulation optique de ces atomes de Rydberg. D’autre part, elle presente le developpement d’un modele numerique implementant la theorie du defaut quantique a plusieurs voies pour permettre la determination theorique du spectre energetique de l’ytterbium ainsi que son comportement sous l’effet de perturbations exterieures.
INDONESIA’S NEW SDGS AGENDA FOR GREEN GROWTH – EMPHASIS IN THE ENERGY SECTOR

The concept of green growth is one part of the realization of sustainable development. To support this mission, Indonesia is taking part in global change by accelerating the development programs contained in the SDGs. We need to study Green Growth (GG) which is determined by the empowerment of the energy sector such as Source of Electric Lighting (SEL), Renewable Energy Mix (REM), and Primary Energy Intensity (PEI) in Indonesia. Time-series data were analyzed using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) modeling in the 2015-2024 period. The result, of the three targeted hypotheses, only two can be accepted which are explained by SEL and PEI have a positive effect on GG. In another exploration, one hypothesis that was rejected was that REM had a negative effect on GG. The implications of this study are brought to the attention of our findings that have raised important points, especially in the SDGs document on the energy sector.
A Turkish Question Answering System Based on Deep Learning Neural Networks

Dogal Dil Isleme (NLP) alaninda, yaygin diller icin kaydedilen bazi ilerlemelere ragmen, diger dillerde belli basli NLP gorevleri icin zorluklar devam etmektedir. Bu kapsamda, mevcut calisma Turkce dilinde bir soru cevaplama (QA) sistemi onererek bu zorluklara cozum arastirmayi amaclamaktadir. Sistem, bankacilik sektorunden secilen dokumanlari kullanarak, sorulan sorulara icerik ve uzunluk acisindan en iyi yanitlari uretecektir. Bu amaca ulasmak icin sistem, gelismis yapay zeka algoritmalari ve buyuk veri kumeleri kullanir. Daha spesifik olarak, dil modelinin olusturulmasi icin BERT algoritmasi kullanilmis, ardindan sistemin soru cevaplama (MRQA) becerisini arttirmak icin bir iyilestirme (fine-tuning) uygulanmistir. Bu calismada, Turkce gibi morfolojik acidan karmasik dillerden kaynaklanan zorluklari cozmek icin orijinal ve Ingilizce’den cevrilmis veri setleri kullanilarak cesitli deneyler yapilmistir. Son olarak, sistem, genel olarak Turkce dilinde diger tum QA sistemlerinden genel olarak daha yeni bir yelpazede yuksek bir performans elde etmistir. Onerilen metodoloji sadece Turk diline ozgu olmayip ayni zamanda cesitli NLP gorevlerini yerine getirmek icin baska diger dillerde de uyarlanabilir.
Comparison of fall risk and risk factors between inpatients aged under 65 years and above in an internal medicine clinic

Aim: The aim of this study is to retrospectively evaluate and compare fall risk and risk factors inpatients aged under 65 years and above in an internal medicine clinic. Materials and Methods: The study is retrospective and descriptive. The study included 224 patients who were hospitalized for any complaint in the internal medicine clinic of a university hospital between June 2019 and August 2019, and whose data on falls were fully recorded. The sociodemographic variables of the patients, chronic diseases, the number of drugs and the number of risky drugs for falls, and the data of the Itaki fall risk scale were recorded. Results: The mean age of the patients was 63.18 ± 17.66 (23-95) years. A statistically significant difference was found between inpatients aged under 65 years and above in terms of itaki fall risk score, number of chronic diseases, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, neurological diseases and number of drugs, number of risky drugs, antidiabetic and antiarrhythmic drugs. A statistically significant difference was found between inpatients aged under 65 years and above in terms of fall risk according to the Itaki fall risk scale (p = 0.038). A statistically significant difference was found between inpatients aged under 65 years and above with a high risk of falling in terms of the number of chronic diseases (p = 0.001), presence of diabetes mellitus (p = 0.007), presence of hypertension (p = 0.001), presence of heart disease (p = 0.002), presence of neurological disease (p = 0.03), and number of risky drugs (p = 0.01). Conclusion: Falls are an important problem in all age groups. Although fall risk is higher inpatients aged 65 years and above, care should be taken in terms of precautions to be taken to prevent falls in all patients. All risk factors associated with falls should be questioned in all hospitalized patients.