Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tracking systems for intracranial medical devices: A review

In minimally-invasive surgery, especially in neurosurgery, the ability to reach deep and functional structures without damage remains a major challenge. Recent breakthroughs in microtechnologies have enabled the downsizing of an increasing number of devices. In such a context, the possibility to navigate a micro-medical device inside the human brain is a reachable ambition. One of the most expected applications is the identiﬁcation and the treatment of early stage cancers which could strongly improve therapies efﬁciency. Despite these remarkable attainments, micromachines, to actually become revolutionary, require a tracking system at least as accurate as its size and working in an heterogeneous environment. The aim of the present paper is to provide an overview of the state of the art in medical device tracking systems for the brain. Firstly, the latest advances are categorized by technological family: magnetic ﬁeld, electro-magnetic waves, magnetic resonance, ultrasound waves and hybrid solutions. Secondly, in a comparative purpose, perfor-mancecriteriaareevaluatedanddisplayedinradardiagrams and graphs to highlight the three dimensions challenge the systems should take up: performance, invasiveness and user experience. Finally, the present and future of each localisation family are provided.
Bovine ferritin iron bioavailability in man

The bioavailability of ferritin iron was evaluated in human subjects using radiolabelled [55Fe]ferritin isolated from bovine spleen and liver. Preliminary studies with bovine spleen ferritin labelled in vitro demonstrated an inappropriately high absorption compared with ferritin labelled in vivo, and the latter was therefore used in all subsequent absorption studies. In 10 subjects, geometric mean absorption from 5 mg of ferritin iron was 3.8% when taken without and 3.2% when taken with food (P >0.05). These values were significantly lower than absorption from the same dose of iron given as ferrous sulphate, which averaged 24.1% without and 8.2% with food. When the iron dose was increased 10‐fold, absorption of ferritin iron averaged only 0.6–0.7% with or without food as compared with 7.9% without and 2.6% with food when the iron was given as ferrous sulphate. In a further study, mean absorption from bovine spleen ferritin of 4.0% did not differ significantly from the mean of 2.7% observed with bovine liver ferritin. These findings confirm previous studies indicating that ferritin iron is poorly absorbed. Furthermore, its use as a pharmaceutical iron preparation cannot be advocated.
Interaction of the Two Structural Domains of Calmodulin with Mature and Immature Rat Brain Microtubules

Abstract: The inhibitory effect of calmodulin on the assembly of mature and immature rat brain microtubules was compared with that of the two major structural domains of this protein, the COOH‐terminal fragment (amino acids 78–148) and the NH2‐terminal fragment (amino acids 1–77), to determine the calmodulin structural domain responsible for the inhibitory effect on microtubule assembly. Microtubules prepared during the early stages of brain development, i.e., during intensive neurite outgrowth, are more sensitive to inhibition by the Ca2+‐calmodulin complex than those obtained from adult brain. Significant inhibition of immature microtubule assembly was observed with both fragments in the absence of Ca2+, but the effects were more important when Ca2+ was present. With adult brain microtubules, the two fragments remained without effect on assembly in the absence of Ca2+, whereas some inhibition was seen in its presence but only with the COOH‐terminal polypeptide. Under all these conditions, the COOH‐terminal fragment was always more active than the NH2‐terminal fragment on microtubule polymerization, albeit to a lesser extent than native calmodulin.
Applying a Functional Neurofuzzy Network to Real-Time Lane Detection and Front-Vehicle Distance Measurement

Most traffic accidents resulted from distraction, inattention to surrounding cars, and driving fatigue. In order to protect drivers, a real-time lane-detection and front-vehicle distance measurement system that uses a mounted camera inside a vehicle has been designed for safe driving. For lane detection, the lane-boundary information is derived from the fan-scanning-detection method. The system calculates the departure degree according to the angular relationship of the boundaries and sends a suitable warning signal to drivers. For front-vehicle distance measurement, we use the front vehicle's shadow underneath it to identify the position of the front vehicle. The real distance is estimated by the use of the functional neurofuzzy network. The experimental results show that the system works successfully in real-time environment.
Changes of dominant scatterers and propagation paths as a possible origin of singular points in radar interferometry: Experimental analysis

In Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferometry(InSAR), we generally expect that there is only one unique dominant scatterer in a pixel. To make a SAR interferogram, we have to observe every place twice. Between the observations, the dominant scatterer is expected to unchange. However, in actual situations, there are multiple scatterers in one pixel, and a dominant one may change observation by observation. Our main idea in this paper is that this change happens more frequently than we have expected, and that this phenomenon can generate singular points (SPs) in the SAR interferogram which prevent us from accurate phase unwrapping. Here, we present the results of the preliminary experiments using real aperture radar system, which suggest one of the mechanisms of the singular point generation.
Follow-up of chronically homeless mentally ill men.

OBJECTIVE To supply information on the efficacy of on-site day treatment for homeless mentally ill men in shelters, the authors followed up homeless mentally ill men 18 months after placement in community housing. METHOD The 42 subjects had been evaluated before and 6 months after entering an on-site day treatment program. The authors reinterviewed 34 of these patients again 1 year after the first follow-up to determine housing status, hospitalization, aftercare, criminal justice contacts, income, and employment. RESULTS By the 18-month follow-up the positive effects of the program at 6 months had deteriorated; 44% of the men had returned to shelters at some point during the follow-up period, and the number of men with criminal justice contacts had increased to a proportion exceeding that before the program. A concurrent diagnosis of substance abuse increased the risk of homelessness during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the need for innovative treatment and support services for the homeless mentally ill who have concurrent substance abuse.
Psycho-anatomy of a disaster: a long term study of post-traumatic neuroses in survivors of a marine explosion.

This study reports the immediate psychological effects of a maritime explosion on 36 survivors, and the long term effects on 34 who were seen 3½ to 4½ years later. All were experienced seamen. The circumstamces of the accident were virtually identical for all. None received any systematic interim psychotherapy. All were guaranteed realistic compensation. Immediate effects in the majority of cases were appropriate to the circumstances, but long term investigation indicated appreciable deterioration in 71%, most frequent and most marked in the age group 36 and over. The long term psychological pictures were strikingly similar for all subjects. It was formulated from the data that repeated exposure to a potential danger apparently deprives the organism of its capacity to defend itself; when the danger has been converted to an actuality, it subsequently is perceived as a constant peril which is not amenable to repression, and the resultant reverberating anxiety accounts for the severity of the long term react.
Accuracy and implications of a reported family history of glaucoma: experience from the Glaucoma Inheritance Study in Tasmania.

OBJECTIVES To ascertain the prevalence of previously undiagnosed primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) within 5 large POAG pedigrees and to evaluate the reliability of a reported family history of glaucoma within these pedigrees. METHODS The Glaucoma Inheritance Study in Tasmania (GIST) identified several large adult POAG pedigrees. Intraocular pressure (IOP), optic disc stereophotography, and automated perimetry were performed on all adult pedigree members. Participants were classified as normal (IOP <22 mm Hg and normal optic disc and field); glaucoma suspect (normal field, but an IOP >/=22 mm Hg and/or suspicious optic disc); or POAG (field defect and glaucomatous optic disc). Some individuals with POAG had been previously diagnosed by their local ophthalmologist; others were diagnosed as a result of the GIST project. Family members with a prior diagnosis of POAG were asked to report if they were aware of any relatives with POAG. This reported family history was then directly compared with the actual pedigree (before the diagnosis of new cases) to calculate agreement. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The rate of glaucoma in pedigrees and percentage of previously diagnosed glaucoma cases who were aware of the positive family history of POAG. RESULTS Four hundred forty-two subjects (mean age, 54 years [range, 13-97 years]) from 5 pedigrees were examined: 316 subjects (71%) were normal, 47 (11%) were previously diagnosed with POAG, and 8 (2%) were previously diagnosed glaucoma suspects; 30 cases (7%) of POAG and 41 suspects (9%) were newly diagnosed as a direct result of the GIST examination. Of the 47 previously diagnosed POAG cases, 41 were questioned about their prior knowledge of any family history and 11 (27%) were unaware of their family history of POAG. CONCLUSIONS Examination of all adult subjects from POAG families yields new cases. Even in large POAG pedigrees, 27% of previously diagnosed POAG patients were unaware of their positive family history. These findings suggest that a higher percentage of adult POAG may be inherited than hitherto reported. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000;118:900-904
2021 ACTIVITY REPORT Project-Team PACAP Pushing Architecture and Compilation for Application Performance

of the CIDRE team in protecting application. Security has a high cost in terms of performance, and static insertion of counter measures cannot take into account the current threat level. In collaboration with CIDRE, we propose an adaptive insertion/removal of countermeasures in a running application based of dynamic assessment of the threat level. WCET Analysis: Designing real-time systems requires computing an upper bound of the worst-case execution time. Knowledge of this timing information opens an opportunity to detect attacks on the control ﬂow of programs. In collaboration with CIDRE, we are developing a technique to detect such attacks thanks to a hardware monitor that makes sure that statically computed time information is preserved (CAIRN is also involved in the deﬁnition of the hardware component). in microprocessors. ATMI uses a simpliﬁed representation of microprocessor packaging. Functional Description: In a hard real-time system, it is essential to comply with timing constraints, and Worst Case Execution Time (WCET) in particular. Timing analysis is performed at two levels: analysis of the WCET for each task in isolation taking account of the hardware architecture, and schedulability analysis of all the tasks in the system. Heptane is a static WCET analyser designed to address the ﬁrst issue. Functional Description: TRAITOR is a low-cost evaluation platform for multifault injection. It is based on clock glitches with the capacity to inject numerous and precise bursts of faults. TRAITOR tool suite is a suite of tools that makes it easier to interact with TRAITOR to simplify its use, conﬁgure the platform and automate the characterization of TRAITOR on machine instructions. Functional Description: Energy-meter provides a single interface to mechanisms for measuring the energy consumed by a computer running Linux/x86. Two native mecanisms are supported: perfevent and powercap. Energy-meter provides a library and a use-case in the form of a tool similar to "top". them during the process execution. We implemented a coarse-grain CDI protection using our framework and evaluated its impact on performance.
Central Role of Complement in Passive Protection by Human IgG1 and IgG2 Anti-pneumococcal Antibodies in Mice1

Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important cause of morbitity and mortality worldwide. Capsule-specific IgG1 and IgG2 Abs are induced upon vaccination with polysaccharide-based vaccines that mediate host protection. We compared the protective capacity of human recombinant serogroup 6-specific IgG1 and IgG2 Abs in mice deficient for either leukocyte FcR or complement factors. Human IgG1 was found to interact with mouse leukocyte FcR in vitro, whereas human IgG2 did not. Both subclasses induced complement activation, resulting in C3c deposition on pneumococcal surfaces. Passive immunization of C57BL/6 mice with either subclass before intranasal challenge with serotype 6A induced similar degrees of protection. FcγRI- and III-deficient mice, as well as the combined FcγRI, II, and III knockout mice, were protected by passive immunization, indicating FcR not to be essential for protection. C1q or C2/factor B knockout mice, however, were not protected by passive immunization. Passively immunized C2/factor B−/− mice displayed higher bacteremic load than C1q−/− mice, supporting an important protective role of the alternative complement pathway. Spleens from wild-type and C1q−/− mice showed hyperemia and thrombotic vessel occlusion, as a result of septicemic shock. Notably, thrombus formation was absent in spleens of C2/factor B−/− mice, suggesting that the alternative complement pathway contributes to shock-induced intravascular coagulation. These studies demonstrate complement to play a central role in Ab-mediated protection against pneumococcal infection in vivo, as well as in bacteremia-associated thrombotic complications.
DYNAMICAL CHANGES IN POSTURAL BALANCE OF VERTICAL POSITION IN ELITE TAEKWONDO PRACTITIONERS WITHIN A FULL-YEAR MACROCYCLE

Aim. To study dynamical changes in statokinetic stability of 10 elite taekwondo practitioners (Masters of Sport and Candidates for Master of Sport) within a full-year macrocycle (preparatory, competitive, and recovery periods). Materials and Methods. Ten taekwondo practitioners (5 members of the RF national team and 5 members of the national team of Kazakhstan) took part in the research. Statokinetic stability indicators were measured by MBN Stabilo hardwaresoftware system in 3 periods of training: preparatory, competitive, and recovery. Results. It was established that, irrespective of the stage of training, the general center of pressure was shifted rightwards (8.11 to 29.56 mm) in frontal and sagittal planes, which probably resulted from specific pose typical of taekwondo. In the competitive period we observed a significant drastic increase in shifts of the general center of pressure, which was especially evident from comparison of the data of tests with eyes open and closed. Values of the GCP (general center of pressure) speed in the test with eyes open were minimal during the recovery period while in precompetitive and competitive periods they were significantly increased by 15-18% by an average. The analysis of differences between tests with eyes open and closed revealed the drastic growth of statokinesigram area in the competitive period. Conclusion. According to our findings, within the full-year macrocycle of training of elite taekwondo practitioners the competitive period was characterized by evident signs of fatigue of the central nervous system, changes in proprioception, changes in the activity of the central rhythm generator, changes in the speed of movement in a vertical position (central pattern generator – CPG), and biomechanical disturbances.
A Technique for MIMO Antenna Design With Flexible Element Number and Pattern Diversity

This paper presents a new technique for designing multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas having pattern diversity. Massive MIMO is expected to form a part of 5G communications and will require antennas having a very large number of elements. However, due to the size limitation, it is highly challenging to preserve high isolation between the ports. Pattern diversity technique is also highly desirable and can facilitate MIMO systems with diversity gain. However, achieving that within a compact antenna, where there is limited space between the elements, is also challenging. In this paper, a technique is introduced and applied to four- and six-element MIMO antennas. This technique can improve the isolation between the ports, and it also yields pattern diversity for MIMO antennas with various numbers of elements. The technique is verified via the experimental measurement.
Methods to Create and Use Cross-Domain Analysis Patterns

We present a set of methods to enable a cross-domain reuse of problem solutions via analysis patterns. First, problem-context descriptions and problemcontext models as well as solution models are used to express the domainspecific problems and their assigned solutions. After that, the two-step abstraction method is used to create cross-domain analysis patterns for the problemcontext models as well as for the solution models. The problem-context patterns are used to search across domains for a solution pattern. If a solution pattern is available, it can be instantiated in the solution-seeking domain.
Serratia marcescens: Possible Selective Function for Prodigiosin

Drops produced by bursting bubbles provide a mechanism for the water-to-air transfer and concentration of matter. Bacteria can adsorb to air bubbles rising through bacterial suspensions and enrich the drops formed by the bubbles upon breaking, creating atmospheric biosols which function in dispersal. This bacterial enrichment can be quantified as an enrichment factor (EF), calculated as the ratio of the concentration of bacteria in the drop to that of the bulk bacterial suspension. Bubbles were produced in suspensions of pigmented (prodigiosin-producing) and nonpigmented cultures of Serratia marcescens. EFs for pigmented cultures were greater than EFs for nonpigmented cells. Pigmented cells appeared hydrophobic based on their partitioning in two-phase systems of polyethylene glycol 6000 and dextran T500. The surface hydrophobicity of pigmented cells may result from the hydrophobic nature of prodigiosin and could account for the greater ability of these bacteria to adsorb to air bubbles and enrich airborne droplets. Enhancement of the aerosolization of S. marcescens may be a selective function of the bacterial secondary metabolite prodigiosin.
Biases in Attention for Social Stimuli in Children are Associated with Patterns of Infant Attachment: A Brief Report

The way an individual attends to social information has implications for his/her ability to regulate behavior in social settings. The results of the present investigation suggest that early experiences in parent–child relationships contribute to later differences in the deployment of attention to social information. The quality of the mother–child relationship was assessed at one-year-of-age. At seven to eight years of age, a dot-probe paradigm assessed immediate and delayed attention to pictures of faces vs. pictures of neutral objects. Children who were more avoidant with their mother in infancy attended to neutral objects over social stimuli at delayed but not immediate time frames. This finding suggests that individual differences in attention to social stimuli in childhood are associated with the quality of the prior attachment relationship with a primary caregiver.
Seizures in Preterm Infants

Summary: Infants born prematurely are highly vulnerable to brain injury and susceptible to seizures in the first weeks of life. Many neonatal seizures occur without reliable clinical signs and are detectable only on electroencephalogram (EEG); understanding EEG findings in these neonates is crucial for providing appropriate care. This can be challenging, as EEG background activity and patterns vary considerably with gestational age. Some physiologic preterm EEG patterns, such as rhythmic temporal theta activity or delta brushes, may be sharply contoured and appear similar to epileptic EEG patterns later in life. Moreover, ictal patterns in preterms are of lower voltage and frequency than in full-term neonates. This article reviews current data on incidence of seizures in preterms and their typical ictal EEG patterns. It also identifies the pitfalls of EEG analysis in a neonatal intensive care unit environment and gives examples of typically observed artifacts. It then discusses the impact of seizures on long-term outcome of preterms, independent of other variables such as gestational age and brain injury. Finally, it suggests future directions for research in preterm seizures.
The pull test: A history

The pull test (PT) is used as a measure of postural instability in Parkinson's disease (PD) and other movement disorders. In 1987, it was incorporated into the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), a scale used to measure the severity and treatment response in PD both in research studies and in clinical practice. However, the origins of the observation of postural instability in movement disorders and the attempt to quantify it are much older. Here, we trace the history of postural instability first described as a feature of PD by Romberg in 1853. Attempts to evaluate postural instability began with the first measurement by Charcot in the 1880s by pulling the clothes of patients and progressed to the push on the sternum by Hoehn and Yahr in the 1960s. Eventually, this evolved into the formal PT proposed by Fahn in the 1980s. Despite the widespread use of the PT as part of the UPDRS, variability exists in its execution. Recommendations have been made for training of examiners in clinical trials to improve its accuracy in assessing postural instability. We agree with improving PT technique for clinical trials and advocate for its routine use in clinical practice when diagnosing and treating movement disorders. Further, we propose the name “Fahn pull test” for the maneuver based on his significant contribution to its development. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Cross Audio Visual Recognition – Lip Reading

Lip reading is the task of decoding text from movement of a speaker’s mouth. There are two stages in the task namely the designing or learning the visual features and prediction. It learns the spatiotemporal visual features and the sequence model. The three dominant models that are being utilized to design the Lip reading is Convolution Neural Networks (CNN), LSTM’s and Reinforcement learning. The one to many relationships between the visemes and phoneme creates issues in the predicting the phrases and words. The 3-D convolutional model is used for the cross audio-video recognition. The new technologies are being utilized to improve the way of communication with the deaf people, so this project deals with the collecting of the random videos which might be noisy or with low quality audio and map to the words and sentences. The project is being retrieved from the applications of the 3-D Convolutional Neural Networks Reinforcement learning.