Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparison of authorship attribution approaches applied on the Lithuanian language

This paper reports comparative authorship attribution results obtained on the Internet comments of the morphologically complex Lithuanian language. We have explored the impact of machine learning and similarity-based approaches on the different author set sizes (containing 10, 100, and 1,000 candidate authors), feature types (lexical, morphological, and character), and feature selection techniques (feature ranking, random selection). The authorship attribution task was complicated due to the used Lithuanian language characteristics, nonnormative texts, an extreme shortness of these texts, and a large number of candidate authors. The best results were achieved with the machine learning approaches. On the larger author sets the entire feature set composed of word-level character tetra-grams demonstrated the best performance.
CNS metastases in small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. Increasing frequency and changing pattern with lengthening survival

The records of 209 patients with small cell bronchogenic carcinoma were reviewed to define the problem of CNS metastases. CNS metastases were documented in 102 of these patients (49%) and 55 of 85 autopsied patients had CNS metastases (65%). The probability of developing a CNS metastasis increased with lengthening patient survival to a level of 80% after 2 years. As in other series, the cerebrum was the most frequently involved site. In addition, leptomeningeal, spinal, pituitary, and cerebellar metastases, and multiple sites of involvement were far more common than in previously reported series. Patients with bone marrow and liver metastases at initial staging were more likely to develop CNS metastases than those without these metastases. Bone marrow involvement was strongly associated with the development of leptomeningitis. Systemic chemotherapeutic agents which cross the blood brain barrier did not prevent the high frequency of CNS metastases. Pathologic studies suggested cerebral and leptomeningeal metastases may arise via hematogenous spread or via penetrating vessels from bone marrow to the subarachnoid space. Therapy for CNS metastases provided adequate palliation, and the majority of deaths were due to systemic rather than neurologic disease. Nevertheless, prophylactic therapy appears necessary at present to prevent the morbidity associated with these metastases. As further improvements in systemic therapy evolve, CNS prophylaxis may also be required for “cure” of patients with small cell lung cancer.
Singular Value Decomposition, Eigenfaces, and 3D Reconstructions

Singular value decomposition (SVD) is one of the most important and useful factoriza- tions in linear algebra. We describe how SVD is applied to problems involving image processing—in particular, how SVD aids the calculation of so-called eigenfaces, which pro- vide an efficient representation of facial images in face recognition. Although the eigenface technique was developed for ordinary grayscale images, the technique is not limited to these images. Imagine an image where the different shades of gray convey the physical three- dimensional structure of a face. Although the eigenface technique can again be applied, the problem is finding the three-dimensional image in the first place. We therefore also show how SVD can be used to reconstruct three-dimensional objects from a two-dimensional video stream.
A novel SVM-ID3 Hybrid Feature Selection Method to Build a Disease Model for Melanoma using Integrated Genotyping and Phenotype Data from dbGaP

The relations between Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) and complex diseases are likely to be non-linear and require analysis of the high dimensional data. Previous studies in the field mostly focus on genotyping and effects of various phenotypes are not considered. To fill this gap a hybrid feature selection model of support vector machine and decision tree has been designed. The designed method is tested on melanoma. We were able to select phenotypic features such as moles and dysplastic nevi, and SNPs those maps to specific genes such as CAMK1D. The performance results of the proposed hybrid model, on melanoma dataset are 79.07% of sensitivity and 0.81 of area under ROC curve.
Genetic analysis of developmental mechanisms in hydra. XX. Cloning of interstitial stem cells restricted to the sperm differentiation pathway in Hydra magnipapillata.

Hydra magnipapillata polyps containing a subpopulation of interstitial stem cells restricted to the germline differentiation pathway were obtained. Chim-C1 is a chimeric strain produced by combining wild-type epithelial cell lineages with a temperature-sensitive interstitial cell lineage. It grows normally at 18 degrees C. When cultured at 25 degrees C, many polyps lost interstitial cells and their differentiation products (nerve cells and nematocytes), and subsequently turned into epithelial hydra unable to move or feed. Some polyps, however, turned into an unexpected type, termed "pseudo-epithelial hydra. " These polyps resembled epithelial hydra in the absence of nerve cells or nematocytes in the tissue and in their inability to move or feed. In contrast to epithelial hydra, however, their tissue contained proliferating interstitial cells. Similar pseudo-epithelial hydra were also produced from another strain, nem-1, by means of hydroxyurea treatment. Clones of pseudo-epithelial hydra were maintained through force-feeding over 130 days for chim-C1 and over 2 years for nem-1. In both cases, interstitial cells proliferated throughout the period without producing any nerve cells or nematocytes. These interstitial cells, however, differentiated into sperm. Thus, the interstitial cells present in pseudo-epithelial hydra were able to differentiate into gametic cells but not into somatic cells (nerve cells and nematocytes). These observations suggest that, as Littlefield (1985, Dev. Biol. 112, 185-193) has shown for H. oligactis, the interstitial stem cell population in H. magnipapillata includes a subpopulation which can differentiate only into gametic cells.
Detection of T‐cell receptor β chain mRNA in frozen and paraffin‐embedded biopsy tissue using digoxigenin‐labelled oligonucleotide probes in situ

In situ hybridization techniques using a cocktail of digoxigenin‐labelled T‐cell receptor (TcR) constant (C) region β oligonucleotide probes were used to detect TcRβ mRNA in frozen and paraffin‐embedded tissue sections. The specificity of the Cβ cocktail was confirmed by Northern blot analysis. The TcR Cβ cocktail successfully hybridized to T cells in frozen and paraffin‐embedded tissue obtained from patients with inflammatory arthropathies, B‐ and T‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and reactive tonsillitis, and showed staining patterns comparable to those obtained by conventional immunohistological detection of T cells. This is the first report of in situ studies using labelled TcR Cβ oligonucleotide probes and may indicate the feasibility of investigating clonal T‐cell populations using digoxigenin‐labelled clonospecific probes in clinical samples in situ.
Hematoporphyrin Monomethyl Ether Enhances the Killing Action of Ultrasound on Osteosarcoma In Vivo

Objectives. Osteosarcoma is one of the most common malignant cancers afflicting young adults. Ultrasound is a new therapeutic modality for controlling malignant cancers. Enhancing the efficacy of ultrasound treatment will improve clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the killing action of ultrasound on osteosarcoma enhanced by hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) in vivo. Methods. An animal model of an osteosarcoma xenograft was set up to investigate the inhibitory effect of sonoactivating HMME on osteosarcoma. High‐performance liquid chromatography was used to analyze the time course of HMME in the osteosarcoma xenograft. Three hours after intravenous (IV) administration of HMME, ultrasound radiation was administered in the osteosarcoma xenograft. On day 7 after ultrasound radiation, the tumor volume and weight were measured and calculated for effect assessment, hematoxylin‐eosin staining for histopathologic examination, immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression, and terminal deoxyuridine nick end‐labeling (TUNEL) staining for apoptosis examinations. Results. The peak value of HMME in osteosarcoma tissues increased with time after IV administration of HMME and reached a plateau at 3 hours. The increasing rates of the tumor volume and weight in the control group were very fast, but the increasing rates in the ultrasound‐alone group were slower, and those in the ultrasound‐HMME group were the slowest throughout the observation period. There was a significant difference between the HMME‐ultrasound, ultrasound‐alone, and control groups (P < .01). Hematoxylin‐eosin staining showed that some cells had typical cell death such as pyknosis and nuclear fragmentation after ultrasound radiation alone. More cells with pyknosis, nuclear fragmentation, and even karyolysis were found after HMME‐ultrasound treatment. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the percentage of PCNA‐positive cells decreased and that of TUNEL‐positive cells increased after ultrasound treatment alone, and the changes in the PCNA‐ and TUNEL‐positive percentages were significantly enhanced by pretreatment with HMME (20 mg/kg, IV) for 3 hours and ultrasound radiation (10.5 MHz) for 120 seconds at an intensity of 0.8 W/cm2 (P < .05). Conclusions. Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether pretreatment could substantially enhance the growth inhibition of ultrasound on osteosarcoma, which suggests that HMME is an efficient sonosensitizer, and ultrasound radiation with HMME could be developed as a new modality for treating osteosarcoma.
Power losses reduction using solar photovoltaic generation in the rural grid of Hij-Oman

Distributed power generation using renewable energy offers a great flexibility in terms of generation, distribution and dispatching. This becomes more strategic when rural area grids are struggling to cope with high diesel fuel costs, dispersed loads and low load factors. This is why the main focus of recent research activities is on minimizing or totally displacing diesel based generation by using hybrid power systems combining wind turbines, solar photovoltaic systems, storage devices and fuel cells. For large rural grids, finding the right place to connect the solar photovoltaic systems must be strategic and optimized. Accordingly, this paper focuses on optimizing the point of connection of solar photovoltaic (PV) facilities in the rural area grid of Hij in the Sultanate of Oman.
DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES IN GLYCOLYSIS IN RAT CEREBRAL CORTEX

Abstract— The ATP concentration in infant rat cerebral cortex slices which were incubated aerobically with glucose (5 mm) as substrate was much higher than in those from the adult. The higher ATP concentration in slices from young rat was also obtained when they were incubated aerobically with pyruvate (10 mm), dl‐lactate (20 mm) and dl‐3‐nydroxybutyrate (20 mm) However, when the slices were incubated anaerobically with glucose, the ATP concentration was very low. Thus, the formation of ATP in the slices from the young rat was thought to be mainly due to their oxidative metabolism, as in those from the adult. The amounts of glycolytic key enzymes in rat cerebral cortex (hexokinase. phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase) increased with age. Glycolysis was actually shown to be less active in the cerebral slices from young rats than from the adult. In addition it is known that the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes in rat cerebrum also increase with age. Consequently, the activity with respect to ATP formation must be lower in the cerebral cortex slices from young rats than from the adult. The fact that ATP was nevertheless higher in the slices from young rats may be explained by a lower rate of degradation. Developmental increases in the amounts of Na+‐K+‐ATPase and Mg2+ ‐ATPase in rat cerebral cortex were greater than those of the glycolytic key enzymes. These are discussed in relation to the observation that the rate of aerobic glycolysis in slices from cerebral cortex of young rats was not increased by d‐glutamate (5 mm) and high potassium (50 mm).
Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition with perindopril on left ventricular remodeling and clinical outcome: results of the randomized Perindopril and Remodeling in Elderly with Acute Myocardial Infarction (PREAMI) Study.

BACKGROUND Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors reduce mortality and remodeling after myocardial infarction in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. METHODS Perindopril and Remodeling in Elderly With Acute Myocardial Infarction (PREAMI), a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, multicenter, placebo-controlled study, determined whether similar benefits occur in elderly postinfarction patients with preserved left ventricular function. A total of 1252 patients 65 years or older with a left ventricular ejection fraction of 40% or higher and recent acute myocardial infarction were randomized to receive perindopril erbumine or placebo (8 mg/d) for 12 months. The combined primary end point was death, hospitalization for heart failure, or left ventricular remodeling. Secondary end points included cardiovascular death, hospitalization for reinfarction or angina, and revascularization. RESULTS The primary end point occurred in 181 patients (35%) taking perindopril and 290 patients (57%) taking placebo, with a significant absolute risk reduction of 0.22 (95% confidence interval, 0.16 to 0.28; P<.001). A total of 126 patients (28%) and 226 patients (51%) in the perindopril and placebo groups, respectively, experienced remodeling. The mean increase in left ventricle end-diastolic volume was 0.7 mL with perindopril compared with 4.0 mL with placebo (P<.001). In the perindopril group, 40 deaths (6%) and 22 hospitalizations (4%) for heart failure occurred, whereas 37 deaths (6%) and 30 hospitalizations (5%) occurred in the placebo group. Treatment did not affect death, whereas the hospitalization rate for heart failure was slightly reduced (absolute risk reduction, 0.01; 95% confidence interval, -0.01 to 0.02). No treatment effect on other secondary end points was detected. CONCLUSION We found that 1-year treatment with 8 mg/d of perindopril reduces progressive left ventricular remodeling that can occur even in the presence of small infarct size, but it was not associated with better clinical outcomes.
Interaction of bovine serum albumi with two alkylimidazolium-based ionic liquids investigated by microcalorimetry and circular dichroism

The interactions of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with two alkylimidazolium-based ionic liquids, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim]BF4) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim]PF6), in buffer solutions at pH 7.0 were investigated by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and circular dichroism (CD). CD spectra showed that the two ionic liquids changed the secondary structure of BSA. Data process was based on the supposition that there were several independent types of binding sites on each BSA molecule for the two ligand molecules. The results obtained by using this supposition combined with Langmuir adsorption model showed that there were two types of such binding sites. One was the high affinity binding site, and the other was the low affinity binding site. The binding constants, changes in enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy for the two types of binding were obtained, which showed that the two types of binding were driven by a favorable entropy increase. Furthermore, for either the ionic liquids, the number of the high affinity binding sites is much smaller than that of the low affinity ones. These results were interpreted with the molecular structure of BSA and the different substituent groups on imidazole ring of the two ionic liquid molecules.
Automated Artifact Removal From the Electroencephalogram

Contamination of the electroencephalogram (EEG) by artifacts greatly reduces the quality of the recorded signals. There is a need for automated artifact removal methods. However, such methods are rarely evaluated against one another via rigorous criteria, with results often presented based upon visual inspection alone. This work presents a comparative study of automatic methods for removing blink, electrocardiographic, and electromyographic artifacts from the EEG. Three methods are considered; wavelet, blind source separation (BSS), and multivariate singular spectrum analysis (MSSA)-based correction. These are applied to data sets containing mixtures of artifacts. Metrics are devised to measure the performance of each method. The BSS method is seen to be the best approach for artifacts of high signal to noise ratio (SNR). By contrast, MSSA performs well at low SNRs but at the expense of a large number of false positive corrections.
Final-state diffraction effects in angle-resolved photoemission at an organic-metal interface

F. C. Bocquet,1,2 L. Giovanelli,1,2 P. Amsalem,3 L. Petaccia,4 D. Topwal,4 S. Gorovikov,4,* M. Abel,1,2 N. Koch,3 L. Porte,1,2 A. Goldoni,4 and J.-M. Themlin1,2 1Institut Matériaux Microélectronique et Nanosciences de Provence (IM2NP), Aix-Marseille Université, Avenue Normandie-Niemen, Case 151, F-13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France 2CNRS, Institut Matériaux Microélectronique et Nanosciences de Provence (IM2NP) (UMR 6242), Marseille-Toulon, France 3Institut fur Physik, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany 4Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 Km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy (Received 25 November 2011; published 27 December 2011)
Antiemetic Use in Oncology: Updated Guideline Recommendations from ASCO.

In 2011, ASCO updated its guideline for the use of antiemetics in oncology, informed by a systematic review of the medical literature. This is an abbreviated version of that guideline, which is available in full at www.asco. org/guidelines/antiemetics. Key changes from the prior update in 2006 include the following: Combined anthracycline and cyclophosphamide regimens were reclassified as highly emetic. Patients who receive this combination or any highly emetic agents should receive a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, dexamethasone, and an NK1 receptor antagonist. A large trial validated the equivalency of fosaprepitant, a single-day intravenous formulation, with aprepitant; either therapy is appropriate. Preferential use of palonosetron is recommended for moderate emetic risk regimens, combined with dexamethasone. For low-risk agents, patients can be offered dexamethasone before the first dose of chemotherapy. Patients undergoing high emetic risk radiation therapy should receive a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist before each fraction and for 24 hours following treatment and may receive a 5-day course of dexamethasone during fractions 1 to 5. Continued symptom monitoring throughout therapy is recommended. Clinicians often underestimate the incidence of nausea, which is not as well controlled as vomiting. Detailed information about the development of the guideline as well as practice tools are available at www.asco. org/guidelines/antiemetics.
Breast feeding a sick child; can social media influence practice?

Breast milk represents optimum infant nutrition. The World Health Organization’s recommendation that babies should be exclusively breastfed for a minimum of 6 months (Kramer & Kakuma, 2001) remains unchanged in its second decade (Kramer & Kakuma, 2014), which is acknowledged in industrialized countries by successive policies and guidelines for the promotion and care of breastfeeding in children’s wards and departments. The known protective influence of breast milk in preventing the onset of disease in later life is of particular import for any sick infant, but the user voice as represented by Helen Calvert’s Twitter campaign @heartmummy#hospitalbreastfeeding has united service user and professional voices to call for improved breastfeeding support in pediatric care. Although breastfeeding rates in industrialized countries drop markedly in the first 6 weeks, breastfed babies with cardiac conditions benefit from better oxygen saturations, faster weight gain, and shorter hospital stays. Unwell babies are most in need of the benefits of breast milk. However, families and staff overcome physical barriers to the initiation and maintenance of breastfeeding, including lack of space, privacy, and separation of the maternal-infant dyad. Many women are motivated to breastfeed or express milk but are reluctant to approach health professionals for help and advice. Despite robust evidence and sound guidelines and policies, breastfeeding knowledge and experience amongst Child Health professionals is often inadequate and leaves them unable to support families. While @heartmummy#hospitalbreastfeeding highlights the issue, Child Health strategy needs investment in young people’s long term health by increasing staff skills and focusing on breastfeeding as a core therapeutic intervention. Lactation Consultants could offer training, disseminate good practice, and address the needs of breastfeeding families.
Integrating Facial Cues of Threat into Security Warnings - An fMRI and Field Study

Security risks often occur because insiders fail to react appropriately to security warnings, due to inattention to the warnings. This study extends security warning design research that has investigated the impact of different designs, including different symbols of threat such as yellow triangles and exclamation marks. This work uses media naturalness theory in an attempt to boost user engagement with security warnings. We integrated validated images of facial expressions depicting fear and disgust, which signaled an environmental threat, into a browser security warning. An fMRI study (N=23) revealed activity located in the right amygdala to be differentially associated among warnings with integrated expressions of fear, disgust, and neutral emotions compared to faceless stimuli. Behavioral measures of response time and selfreported attention were also supportive of the hypotheses. We also propose a follow-up field study using Mechanical Turk to corroborate the fMRI findings. Our work has implications for research and practice.
Ghost target identification by analysis of the Doppler distribution in automotive scenarios

In an automotive environment the presence of reflecting surfaces cannot be avoided. The electromagnetic wave returning from a target vehicle can get reflected on those surfaces causing a non existing so-called ghost target. For driver assistance systems ghost targets can lead to false decisions and, therefore, they should be detected and avoided. In this paper a model for describing those ghost targets and a procedure to distinguish them from real targets using the orientation and the motion state of a vehicle is presented.
Video background replacement without a blue screen

An algorithm is presented for replacing video background without a physical blue screen. The method requires pre-recording a background image of the scene without the presence of any foreground objects. Based on the color difference between the pixels in an input frame and their corresponding pixels in the background image, the algorithm computes a probability map which contains the likelihood for each pixel to be classified into the foreground or background. The probability map is further refined using anisotropic diffusion which reduces classification errors without introducing significant artifacts. Finally, based on the refined probability map, a new video is synthesized by feathering the foreground pixels of the input frames onto a new background video or image. The algorithm requires moderate computation resources and has been implemented to run in real time. Experimental results are presented.