Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of sea roughness on bistatically scattered range coded signals from the Global Positioning System

A series of aircraft experiments was performed using a specialized GPS receiver and a nadir‐oriented left hand circularly polarized antenna. This apparatus received reflections of the GPS signals from water surfaces under a variety of sea states. The cross‐correlation between the reflected signal and a reference pseudo‐random noise code was recorded as a function of the relative time delay. The shape of this function showed a dependence on the roughness of the reflecting surface. This dependence generally followed that predicted by theory for bistatic scattering of range‐coded signals. Use of this information as a remote sensing technique for the determination of sea state is discussed.
A Preliminary Study on the Dietary Protein Requirement of Parachanna obscura (Günther, 1861) Larvae

Effects of increasing dietary protein on growth parameters, feed utilization were studied in Parachanna obscura larvae with initial body weight 0.12 ± 0.01 g. The experiment was conducted during 28 days in re-circulating system composed of 15 tanks containing 20 L of water each. 50 larvae were stocked per tank. Five semi - purified isoenergetic experimental diets were formulated with different protein level (35, 45, 50, 55 and 60 g/100 g of diet). Each diet was tested in triplicate. Growth parameters and feed utilization were significantly influenced by dietary protein (P 0.05). Second degree polynomial regression and broken line models were used to analyze the relationships between dietary crude protein and SGR. Based on the results of this study, protein requirements of P. obscura larvae ranged from 45 and 55.5% of the diet.
The role of multiple sources in the formation of an innovative auxiliary category in Light Warlpiri, a new Australian mixed language

Light Warlpiri, a new Australian mixed language combining Warlpiri (Pama-Nyungan) with varieties of English and/or Kriol that has emerged within approximately the last thirty-five years, shows radical restructuring of the verbal auxiliary system, including modal categories that differ from those in the source languages. The structure of Light Warlpiri overall is that of a mixed language, in that most verbs and some verbal morphology are drawn from English and/or Kriol, and most nominal morphology is from Warlpiri. Nouns are drawn from both Warlpiri-lexicon and English-lexicon sources. The restructuring of the auxiliary system draws selectively on elements from Warlpiri and several varieties and styles of English and/or Kriol, combined in such a way as to produce novel constructions. It may be that when multiple sources provide input to a rapidly emerging new system, innovative categories are likely to appear.
REVIEW PAPER: THE GREEN ROUTE OF SILVER NANOTECHNOLOGY: PHYTOSYNTHESIS AND APPLICATIONS

9 7 ABSTRACT: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are amongst the most investigated materials in nanotechnology in view of their unique physio-chemical features and and applications in restorative science. Their progressive usage in different fields of science and some predominant restrictions with conventional methods for their synthesis have demanded analysts to discover green courses for their creation. Biological methods are the preferred to combat with the issues concerned with the nanoparticle synthesis. Within this decade, thousands of plants have been screened to analyze the final impact on characterization and morphology of AgNPs compared to general modes of their synthesis. Phytosynthetic method is an eco-friendly route that can lead to an advanced production of silver nanoparticles with controlled morphology. We herein reviewed the present aspects of phytosynthesis of AgNPs and their importance in modern science. Moreover, overviews of proposed mechanisms in this technology have also been included, which ultimately provide some insights of their safe use and demand for further research.
Fragmentation and Kinematics of dense molecular cores in the filamentary infrared-dark cloud G011.11-0.12

We present new Plateau de Bure Interferometer observations of a region in the filamentary infrared-dark cloud (IRDC) G011.11-0.12 containing young, star-forming cores. In addition to the 3.2mm continuum emission from cold dust, we map this region in the N$_2$H$^+$(1-0) line to trace the core kinematics with an angular resolution of 2" and velocity resolution of 0.2km s$^{-1}$. These data are presented in concert with recent {\em Herschel} results, single-dish N$_2$H$^+$(1-0) data, SABOCA 350$\mu$m continuum data, and maps of the C$^{18}$O (2-1) transition obtained with the IRAM 30m telescope. We recover the star-forming cores at 3.2mm continuum, while in N$_2$H$^+$ they appear at the peaks of extended structures. The mean projected spacing between N$_2$H$^+$ emission peaks is 0.18pc, consistent with simple isothermal Jeans fragmentation. The 0.1pc-sized cores have low virial parameters on the criticality borderline, while on the scale of the whole region, we infer that it is undergoing large-scale collapse. The N$_2$H$^+$ linewidth increases with evolutionary stage, while CO isotopologues show no linewidth variation with core evolution. Centroid velocities of all tracers are in excellent agreement, except in the starless region where two N$_2$H$^+$ velocity components are detected, one of which has no counterpart in C$^{18}$O. We suggest that gas along this line of sight may be falling into the quiescent core, giving rise to the second velocity component, possibly connected to the global collapse of the region.
On the seawater temperature dependence of the sea spray aerosol generated by a continuous plunging jet

Breaking waves on the ocean surface produce bubbles which, upon bursting, deliver seawater constituents into the atmosphere as sea spray aerosol particles. One way of investigating this process in the laboratory is to generate a bubble plume by a continuous plunging jet. We performed a series of laboratory experiments to elucidate the role of seawater temperature on aerosol production from artificial seawater free from organic contamination using a plunging jet. The seawater temperature was varied from −1.3°C to 30.1°C, while the volume of air entrained by the jet, surface bubble size distributions, and size distribution of the aerosol particles produced was monitored. We observed that the volume of air entrained decreased as the seawater temperature was increased. The number of surface bubbles with film radius smaller than 2 mm decreased nonlinearly with seawater temperature. This decrease was coincident with a substantial reduction in particle production. The number concentrations of particles with dry diameter less than ∼1 μm decreased substantially as the seawater temperature was increased from −1.3°C to ∼9°C. With further increase in seawater temperature (up to 30°C), a small increase in the number concentration of larger particles (dry diameter >∼0.3 μm) was observed. Based on these observations, we infer that as seawater temperature increases, the process of bubble fragmentation changes, resulting in decreased air entrainment by the plunging jet, as well as the number of bubbles with film radius smaller than 2 mm. This again results in decreased particle production with increasing seawater temperature.
An invitation to analytic combinatorics and lattice path counting

The term “Analytic Combinatorics”, coined by P. Flajolet and B. Sedgewick [6], combines powerful analytic methods from complex analysis with the field of enumerative combinatorics. The link between these fields is provided by generating functions, which are a priori only defined as formal power series. However, in many applications they can also be interpreted as analytic power series with a non-zero radius of convergence. Analyzing the analytic properties enables us to gain insight into the underlying coefficients. Let (an)n≥0 be a sequence of non-negative integers. The associated generating function A(z) = ∑ n≥0 anz n is a formal power series in N[[z]]. In many applications it can be interpreted as a convergent power series in C(z). In this case methods from analytic combinatorics yield formulae for the asymptotic growth of an for n→∞ including bounds on the rate of convergence. After a brief introduction into these methods, we will apply them to the classical study of lattice paths. The enumeration of lattice paths is a classical topic in combinatorics which is still a very active field of research. They have many applications in chemistry, physics, mathematics and computer science. For example lattice paths are used as the solution of integer programming problems, in cryptanalysis, in crystallography and as models in queueing theory. A lattice path is a sequence of vectors v = (v1, v2, . . . , vn), such that vj ∈ S, where S is a given, finite set of vectors called the step set. For our purposes we will deal with S ⊂ Z and the lattice paths will start at the origin (0, 0). One of the most known examples are Dyck-paths constructed from the step set S = {(1, 1), (1,−1)}.
The impact of cold therapy on the incidence and severity of paclitaxel induced peripheral neuropathy: A pilot study

Background: Peripheral neuropathy is a common side effect induced by chemotherapy agents like Cisplatin, Paclitaxel andDocetaxel. At present, there is no preventive strategy available against the development of neuropathy. This pilot study wasperformed to evaluate the feasibility of cold therapy and its impact on the incidence and severity of neuropathy induced bypaclitaxel in a dose dense adjuvant regimen among patients with breast cancer. Methods: All adult female patients with early breast cancer planned to be treated with dose-dense schedule of Adriamycin,cyclophosphamide and Paclitaxel were eligible. Ice boot and glove were applied for the duration of all four Paclitaxel infusionson one side while the contralateral limbs were taken as control. Peripheral neuropathy was evaluated and graded prior to eachPaclitaxel infusion and then at 3 and 6 months post treatment. Results: A total of 23 patients were recruited. Cold therapy was found to be feasible as no patient discontinued the ice glove andboot during Paclitaxel infusions. Neuropathy symptoms were observed more frequently and with higher grade of severity oncontrol limbs compared to experimental side. There were 5 patients who were switched to ice glove and boot therapy after theydeveloped peripheral neuropathy in the control limbs. These patients observed improvement in their symptoms subsequently. Conclusion: Cold therapy appears to be feasible and appears to have some potential to prevent Paclitaxel induced peripheralneuropathy in this pilot study. This role of cold therapy may be further explored and confirmed in future randomized trials.
A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STOCK MARKET DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

INTRODUCTION Economic development preceded financial institution development in historical terms. That is, economic development occurred before financial institutions even existed. The first stock market was the Antwerp stock exchange which was founded in 1531. Bills of exchange existed in the 12 century and money lenders likely existed as soon as money began playing a role as a store of value and medium of exchange in economies. Nonetheless, economic development occurred prior to that date, regardless of when the first financial exchange is deemed to have occurred. In fact, economic development occurred before financial intermediaries of any sort existed. However, financial development progressed slowly until the early nineteenth century. Since then, economic development and financial system development have leap-frogged each other. As economic systems become more complex, more complex financial systems are needed as well. Thus, one finds that in some economies, financial system development precedes economic development. In other economies, economic system development precedes financial system development. And, in still other economies, financial system development and economic development are cointegrated. Economic systems do not move in lock-step and each economic system is at a different level of development. As an economic system grows, the growth eventually takes the system beyond the capabilities of the existing financial system. As the economic system slows, the financial system must adapt until new innovations allow the economic system to begin growth again. It is not difficult to imagine a period when both the economic system and the financial system are both growing. Given that economic systems develop at different rates and are at different stages of development, empirical analysis is complicated.
Food related habits of Iranian residents in Europe

Food related habits have a decisive effect on maintaining the health at the individual and community level. A wide range of factors are contributing to the accelerated dietary changes in the world. Environment and culture are both among the most powerful elements that can influence eating habits. The impact of immigration on food related habits is highlighted because it changes the environment and implies acculturation. Immigration connects people with different cultures and habits. It has become more common in modern age, and lots of people emigrate from their home countries for different reasons. In mid-2015, about 40% of the immigrants originating from Iran selected Europe as their destination. To determine whether the Iranian immigrants in Europe have maintained their traditional diet or adopted new dietary patterns and to assess the influence of demographic characteristics, lifestyle, health status and cooking skills on adherence to a healthy diet and the extent of changes that occurred in their eating habits. The link of an online questionnaire was posted in the social media groups of Iranian immigrants in Europe. The questionnaire collected data on sociodemographics, lifestyle and health status, food habits, food preparation and cooking skills. The Mediterranean diet that was assessed by a 14-items quick tool was used as a proxy for a healthy dietary pattern. Cooking skills were also evaluated by a standard scale. Association among variables was tested by binary logistic regression and crude and adjusted β coefficients and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The sample consisted of 415 respondents with an average age of 32.6 ± 5.82 years, 49.3% were female and almost half of them (49.4%) were students. The average rate obtained by the scale of cooking skills was 3.91 ± 1.22 and the average score for the adherence to the Mediterranean diet was 6.20 ± 2.15. Students in comparison with employed individuals showed lower probability for having better adherence to the Mediterranean diet [OR: 0.48 (95% CI: 0.24-0.96)]. Male and individuals with PhD education were associated with less changes in the eating habits [OR: 0.40 (95%CI: 0.17-0.93); OR: 0.12 (95% CI: 0.02-0.86)], whereas being a smoker revealed to be associated with higher eating habits changes [OR: 3.70 (95% CI: 1.14-12.04)]. In the studied sample, the employment status showed influence on having a healthy diet, and gender, education and smoking habits had influence on the changes in the eating habits since migration. The duration of immigration did not influence changes in their dietary patterns toward a healthier diet, though they have changed some of their food preparation habits.
Beyond Qualifications: Returns to Cognitive and Socio-Emotional Skills in Colombia

This paper examines the relationship between individuals’ skills and labor market outcomes for the working-age population of Colombia’s urban areas. Using a 2012 unique household survey, the paper finds that cognitive skills (aptitudes to perform mental tasks such as comprehension or reasoning) and socio-emotional skills (personality traits and behaviors) matter for favorable labor market outcomes in the Colombian context, although they have distinct roles. Cognitive skills are greatly associated with higher earnings and holding a formal job or a high-qualified occupation. By contrast, socio-emotional skills appear to have little direct influence on these outcomes, but play a stronger role in labor market participation. Both types of skills, especially cognitive skills, are largely associated with pursuing tertiary education. The analysis applies standard econometric techniques as a benchmark and structural estimations to correct for the measurement error of skill constructs.
A Review of the Synthesis and Applications of Polymer–Nanoclay Composites

Recent advancements in material technologies have promoted the development of various preparation strategies and applications of novel polymer–nanoclay composites. Innovative synthesis pathways have resulted in novel polymer–nanoclay composites with improved properties, which have been successfully incorporated in diverse fields such as aerospace, automobile, construction, petroleum, biomedical and wastewater treatment. These composites are recognized as promising advanced materials due to their superior properties, such as enhanced density, strength, relatively large surface areas, high elastic modulus, flame retardancy, and thermomechanical/optoelectronic/magnetic properties. The primary focus of this review is to deliver an up-to-date overview of polymer–nanoclay composites along with their synthesis routes and applications. The discussion highlights potential future directions for this emerging field of research.
Enhanced recovery after rectal surgery: what we have learned so far

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols are gradually becoming the gold standard in the perioperative management of rectal patients. It is a multimodal and multidisciplinary approach that has the great merit to involve and empower the patient and bring him or her back to the centre of the strategy of care. If applied correctly, ERAS can improve the postoperative recovery, reduce the rate of complications and reduce the postoperative length of stay, in patients who had extensive pelvic dissection. The factors within ERAS and their application do not represent rigid schematizations but fluid concepts that may undergo substantial changes as soon as new evidence becomes available. The ERAS principles must be adapted to the specific environment and each team is expected to set up their own programme and quality control criteria. In this comprehensive review, the latest evidence and trend on enhanced recovery after rectal surgery have been critically appraised and presented.
High Frequency Invitro Regeneration In Bryonopsis Laciniosa ( L . ) Naud An Endangered Medicinal Plant

Bryonopsis laciniosa(L)Naud is an endangered medicinal plant commonly known as lollipop climber belongs to the family Cucurbitacea. The plant is bitter and aperient and is considered to possess tonic properties. Bryonopsis is used in folk, unani and sidha. The aim of the present study was to develop an efficient protocol for high frequency invitro regeneration. Regeneration was observed from nodal, leaf, cotyledon and stem explant. High frequency regeneration was achieved from nodal explants on MS basal medium fortified with 2. 0mg/l BAP and 0. 5mg/l TDZ. Invitro grown shoots were cultured for rooting on half strength MS medium supplemented with 1. 0 mg/l IBA. The rooted plantlets were transferred to green house and maintained for one to two weeks and later on transferred to manure soil with 90% survival.
Casual Dining Restaurant Queue Management System to Optimize Decision Making in Table Seating Arrangement

Technology has advanced with speed, bringing ease to our daily life activities. Mobile devices have become a need in our daily life, yet we are still faced with the problem of long queues while waiting to be served at the restaurant.This problem can be overcome by having an effective mobilebased queueing mechanism to optimize the processes involved in the food preparation starting from taking orders until cooking in the kitchen.In this paper, we propose Queue Management System for Casual Dining Restaurants to Optimize Table Seating (QMS-OTS) to effectively optimize the queue system by considering the total waiting time in the queue and also the total waiting time for the food to be served. The queuing time is calculated based on the available table capacity to optimize the table seating. The users will be using the mobilebased virtual queue system to queue without the need to reach the destination.
Conservation Ecology: Disturbance Severity and Threshold Responses in the Boreal Forest

This essay discusses three potential models relating disturbance severity to post-disturbance stand composition in the boreal forest: (1) continuous, where changes in disturbance severity cause a proportional and continuous change in stand composition; (2) discontinuous, where a threshold disturbance severity exists beyond which major changes in composition occur; and (3) the cusp, where thresholds exist and coexistence of two alternative compositional states is possible at the same disturbance severity. Any of the three models may be appropriate in different stands or different parts of the boreal forest. If the actual model does not correspond to that assumed by forest managers, then forest harvesting practices may cause unexpected sudden changes in forest composition. Disturbance severity under the natural disturbance regime changes so dramatically, from one disturbance to the http://www.ecologyandsociety. org/vol2/iss2/art7/ (1 of 9) [1/27/2009 11:27:17 AM] Conservation Ecology: Disturbance Severity and Threshold Responses in the Boreal Forest next, that oscillations in composition over time are likely to be individualistic and irregular, rather than stable. Harvesting operations are mainly done during winter, resulting in a very low disturbance severity in comparison to the natural regime, which included crown fires. Major changes in species compositon over large parts of the boreal forest are likely to result.
Formation and Evolution of Hydrated Surface Layers of Apatites

Nanocrystalline apatites exhibit a very fragile structured hydrated surface layer which is only observed in aqueous media. This surface layer contains mobile ionic species which can be easily exchanged with ions from the surrounding fluids. Although the precise structure of this surface layer is still unknown, it presents very specific spectroscopic characteristics. The structure of the hydrated surface layer depends on the constitutive mineral ions: ion exchanges of HPO4 2- ions by CO3 2- ions or of Ca2+ by Mg2+ ions result in a de-structuration of the hydrated layer and modifies its spectroscopic characteristics. However, the original structure can be retrieved by reverse exchange reaction. These alterations do not seem to affect the apatitic lattice. Stoichiometric apatite also shows HPO4 2- on their surface due to a surface hydrolysis after contact with aqueous solutions. Ion exchange is also observed and the environments of the surface carbonate ions seem analogous to that observed in nanocrystalline apatites. The formation of a hydrated layer in aqueous media appears to be a property common to apatites which has to be taken into account in their reactivity and biological behavior.