Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduced prefrontal glutamate/glutamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in major depression determined using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

CONTEXT Increasing evidence indicates that major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with altered function of the major excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), respectively. A recently developed magnetic resonance spectroscopy method allows for reliable measurement of glutamate/glutamine (Glx) and GABA concentrations in prefrontal brain regions that have been implicated in the pathophysiologic mechanisms of MDD by studies using other neuroimaging and postmortem techniques. OBJECTIVE To measure Glx and GABA levels in 2 regions of the prefrontal brain tissue in unmedicated adults with MDD. DESIGN Cross-sectional study for association. SETTING Psychiatric outpatient clinic. PARTICIPANTS Twenty unmedicated, depressed patients with MDD and 20 age- and sex-matched controls. Intervention Participants underwent scanning using a 3-T whole-body scanner with a transmit-receive head coil, providing a homogeneous radiofrequency field and the capability of obtaining spectroscopic measurements in a dorsomedial/dorsal anterolateral prefrontal region of interest (ROI) and a ventromedial prefrontal ROI. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Glx and GABA levels derived from magnetic resonance spectroscopy signals. RESULTS Depressed patients had reduced Glx levels in both ROIs. The GABA levels were reduced in the dorsomedial/dorsal anterolateral prefrontal ROI. Levels of GABA and Glx were positively correlated in both ROIs. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, GABA and Glx concentrations were compared between unmedicated depressed adults and controls in prefrontal ROIs. The abnormal reductions in Glx and GABA concentrations found in the MDD sample were compatible with findings from postmortem histopathologic studies, indicating that glial cell density is reduced in the same areas in MDD.
Homes : A Randomized Controlled Trial Improving the Use of Hospice Services in Nursing

Correction Contact me if this article is corrected. Citations Contact me when this article is cited. This article has been cited 18 times. Topic collections Contact me when new articles are published in these topic areas. Care/ Palliative Medicine End-of-life Patient-Physician Relationship/ Care; Patient-Physician Communication; Quality of Care; Quality of Care, Other; Randomized Controlled Trial;
Do ambient noise exposure levels predict hearing loss in a modern industrial cohort?

Background: Much of what is known about the exposure–response relationship between occupational noise exposures and hearing loss comes from cross-sectional studies conducted before the widespread implementation of workplace hearing conservation programmes. Little is known about the current relationship of ambient noise exposure measurements to hearing loss risk. Aim: To examine the relationship between rates of high frequency hearing loss and measured levels of noise exposure in a modern industrial workforce. Methods: Ten-year hearing loss rates were determined for 6217 employees of an aluminium manufacturing company. Industrial hygiene and human resources records allowed for reconstruction of individual noise exposures. Hearing loss rates were compared to ANSI 3.44 predictions based on age and noise exposure. Associations between hearing loss, noise exposure, and covariate risk factors were assessed using multivariate regression. Results: Workers in higher ambient noise jobs tended to experience less high frequency hearing loss than co-workers exposed at lower noise levels. This trend was also seen in stratified analyses of white males and non-hunters. At higher noise exposure levels, the magnitude of hearing loss was less than predicted by ANSI 3.44 formulae. There was no indication that a healthy worker effect could explain these findings. The majority of 10 dB standard threshold shifts (STS) occurred in workers whose calculated ambient noise exposures were less than or equal to 85 dBA. Conclusions: In this modern industrial cohort, hearing conservation efforts appear to be reducing hearing loss rates, especially at higher ambient noise levels. This could be related to differential use of hearing protection. The greatest burden of preventable occupational hearing loss was found in workers whose noise exposure averaged 85 dBA or less. To further reduce rates of occupational hearing loss, hearing conservation programmes may require innovative approaches targeting workers with noise exposures close to 85 dBA.
Over load shedding scheme to increase transient stability limit of Jawa Bali power system network

Indonesia consists of many isolated power system networks. Jawa Bali power system is the main power system networks in Indonesia. Its load is nearly 80 % of total Indonesia. The highest peak load of Jawa Bali power system is 17,211 MW occurred in November, 4 2009. Total available capacity of the generation is 21.296 MW. Jawa Bali power system consists of 2 big sub-systems, Eastern and Western. Eastern sub-system has more and cheaper generation supply than load but Western has in contrary. It causes a big flow from East to West in 500 kV backbone level. In 500 kV level, the flow is congested in Ungaran-Mandirancan Transmission Line that has about 250 km circuit long. The transient stability limit of the transmission line is much lower than its thermal limit. It causes system operator (dispatcher) has to operate more expensive generation unit in Western area even to shed certain load when stability limit of the transmission line is exceeded. Furthermore, it increase a lot production cost of electricity in Jawa Bali. This paper will describe about implementation of over load shedding scheme in Ungaran-Mandirancan 500 kV Transmission Line to increase its transient stability limit. The scheme is designed to enable more flow of power from Eastern to Western sub-system and to decrease the production cost of generation. It uses the logic combination of Out of Step, Over Current, and Pilot Protection. Since this scheme needs calculation of rotor angle it uses out of step protection that usually used in power plant. This is the first scheme being implemented in Jawa Bali power system using this kind of logic. This paper will also describe the study behind this scheme and additional network technology to implement this scheme. Finally, this paper will tell about experiences in operating this scheme and lesson learned from these experiences.
C-Band Multiple Beam Antennas for Communication Satellites

Nowadays, broadband satellites operating at Ka-band and providing high capacity (above 100 Mbps) are mostly based on single-feed-per-beam (SFB) antenna configurations. This antenna farm, using typically three or four reflectors to produce the full dual-band (Tx/Rx) multiple beam coverage, provides high performance but leaves no or little room on the spacecraft for other missions. Accommodation constraints and the desire of operators to maximize and diversify their revenues per satellite have led to several studies on innovative antenna solutions enabling to reduce the number of reflector apertures. Multiple-feed-per-beam (MFB) antenna configurations, using only two apertures, are currently under development for broadband missions at Ka-band. C-band is a more mature business and operators are contemplating the possibility to apply the benefits of multiple beam antennas (MBA) to this frequency band. Due to the lower operating frequency, accommodation constraints are even more stringent and although still scarcely discussed, MFB antenna configurations at C-band are clearly of interest. This paper presents investigations on this topic. In particular, it is found that the MFB architecture applied in C-band is a more realistic approach when compared to the SFB option. Beam Forming Networks (BFNs) with periodic structure is the key to get compact feed clusters that can be allocated in large and medium-size platforms. A new four color scheme compatible with a very compact MFB feed array architecture is introduced.
Adopting the Euro in Central Europe : challenges of the next step in European integration

Upon entry into the European Union (EU), countries become members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), with a derogation from adopting the euro as their currency. This paper examines likely economic developments and policy challenges for the five former transition countries in central Europe (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, the Slovak Republic and Slovenia) which joined the EU in May 2004. These economies operate independent monetary policies but have not yet achieved policy convergence with the rest of the euro area.
Young Generation Y consumers’ perceptions of sustainability in the apparel industry

Purpose – Conflicting marketing messages have caused consumers to misunderstand distinctions between sustainability and environmental concern, especially when considering the apparel industry. This study seeks to explore consumers’ actual knowledge and sentiment towards sustainability and environmental issues, both in general and in the apparel industry.Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected through open‐ended survey questions collected from 80 young Generation Y college students, aged 18‐25.Findings – Findings show a low level of knowledge of the holistic principle of sustainability and specific adverse effects of the apparel industry. Participants feel steps must be taken towards sustainability, and that every effort helps, despite some skepticism. Results confirm the need for more concise educational and marketing campaigns.Originality/value – This study sought to provide a snapshot of current young consumers’ attitudes as a tool to encourage more specific and salient directions for future g.
Comprehending Determinants of Demand: Zimbabwe Tourism Destination Scenario

The study investigated on the most dominant determinants of tourism consumption in Zimbabwe tourism destination. The research design was a QUAL to QUAN sequential mixed method starting with a qualitative research design followed by quantitative research. The qualitative research helped in getting the main determinants of demand using in-depth interviews from managers and experts in the tourism industry. The agreed determinants include disposable income, demographic changes, change in taste and preferences, religion dynamics, globalization, marketing and advertisement, customer knowledge, destination branding, social networks, destination’s own price, price of other destinations and media propaganda. These where then tested for their dominance in the accommodation, travel and resort sectors in Zimbabwe through a quantitative design. The results showed that the most controlling determinants of tourism demand in these three sectors include destination’s own prices, level of disposable income, social network discussions, media propaganda, marketing and advertising. The study recommended a low pricing strategy, extensive marketing and utilization of e-resources in marketing.
SOCIAL ACCOUNTING PRACTICES AMONG KENYAN FIRMS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF COMPANIES QUOTED AT NAIROBI SECURITIES EXCHANGE

Profit and shareholders wealth maximization have for long dictated accounting and reporting practices, the concern for the social costs and the benefits of the business practices have given rise to the need for environmental and social accounting. The Significance of the study was to determine how companies are reporting positive and negative externalities to the society. The main objectives of the study was to establish the most popular themes of social accounting in Kenya, determine how and location for disclosure of social accounting information. The population of the study was fifty seven companies quoted in NSE and longitudinal study was carried from 2008-2010. Census method was used to collect data. Secondary data was collected from published annual financial statement of all listed companies. The population of companies is categorized into four market segment, Content analysis and descriptive analysis was used in analyzing data. It was established in the year 2008, companies practicing social accounting were 72%, while 2009 were 75% and in 2010 were 81%. It was also established that community involvement and environment themes was leading in practice of social accounting. Finally, it was established that companies prefer non-monetary form over monetary form of presentation and also they prefer using separate location to using chairman’s report in annual reports.
Classification of cognitive states of attention and relaxation using supervised learning algorithms

The study of cognitive states has attracted the attention of artificial intelligence researchers searching for mechanisms to enable brain-computer communication. With the advent of portable brain-computer interfaces, it is now possible to study human behaviors towards using cognitive states in gaming environments. NeuroSky's Mindset is a device with the operating principle of enabling portable EGG sensors to allow the reading of brain frequencies in real time. We believe that this type of device may be a very adaptable option to videogames to create new experiences and allow a new control mechanism. This interaction would be easy and natural and based less on motion and physical effort. This paper reports an assessment of the Mindset reader, particularly in relation to classifying the cognitive states of attention and relaxation, behaviors associated to the brain waves read by the device, using supervised learning algorithms. The aim is to estimate behaviors using human brain frequencies as inputs.
A Method of Including the Effects of Main Flux Path Saturation in the Generalized Equations of A.C. Machines

This paper shows how the effects of saturation of the main flux path can be incorporated in the generalized equations of alternating current machines in which the currents are deliberately chosen as the state variables. In the conventional equations linear magnetic conditions are assumed and the forms taken by these equations in various reference frames are well known. When saturation of the main flux path is taken into account, some parameters have to be modified and additional terms introduced; stator (and rotor) self inductances in orthogonal axes are no longer equal. These are the consequence of intersaturation - sometimes called cross-saturation; a phenomenon which has been mentioned in the literature but has not been subjected to general analysis. New forms of generalized equations are derived and their application to the analysis of induction motor starting transients described.
The effect of deprivation and frequency of reinforcement on variable-interval responding.

Investigations to analyze the effects of deprivation and reinforcement variables upon operant behavior generally take one of two forms. Either stable states of operant strength developed under some schedule of reinforcement are observed under different deprivation conditions, or a change in state produced by altering a reinforcing contingency is recorded at several deprivation levels. The first class of operations has often been called the study of "drive and performance," the second class the study of "drive and learning. " A stable state, however, is a special case of a class of changes; the inlportant difference between the two cases lies in the conditions manipulated, and, hence, in the controls required rather than in the datum under observation. The same dependent variable, rate of emission, is measured, and both designs address themselves to a single analytical problem-that of developing a general quantitative description relating the effects of deprivation and reinforcement conditions. The present experiment approaches this problem in terms of the first procedure. A stable rate of emission is established by an appropriate schedule of reinforcement. The rate of responding is then observed under several deprivation conditions, and a similar procedure is carried out with several schedules which differ in frequency of reinforcement. This design is adopted because the requisite control over the effects of a reinforcer delivered repeatedly to more than one organism is most readily demonstrated where these effects do not undergo an appreciable change during a single observation period. Previous experiments involving similar procedures have shown that while ratio behavior is relatively insensitive to moderate deprivation changes (4), interval behavior is affected both by deprivation level (2, 5, 8) and by interval size or frequency of reinforcement (5, 12). Sensitivity to these conditions has led to the use of interval schedules for calibration purposes, both where animals are selected to yield a constant behavioral effect under the same deprivation conditions (7), and where the deprivation manipulations are adjusted to yield a constant effect on unselected organisms (6). Although some recent evidence indicates that considerable resistance to rate changes may be produced under interval schedules (2), it is uncertain whether this finding is attributable to particular deprivation operations, or simply to the hysteresis-producing effect of a long history of responding at a relatively constant rate. Interval schedules are used in the present experiment because of their demonstrated sensitivity to both independent variables. Variable-interval (VI) rather than fixed-interval (FI) schedules are chosen in order to avoid the differential effects of discriminative stimuli associated with the passage of time (9). In addition, the par-
Effect of grasses on herbicide fate in the soil column: Infiltration of runoff, movement, and degradation

The objective of the present study was to evaluate if the presence of grass or the type of grass influences the environmental fate of herbicides within a soil column. Intact soil columns were planted with either smooth brome, big bluestem, tall fescue, switchgrass, or a mixture of prairie grasses or were left unvegetated. Artificial runoff containing atrazine, metolachlor, and pendimethalin was applied to the columns and allowed to infiltrate, and the resulting leachate was collected at the bottom of the soil column. This process was repeated on day 7 with herbicide‐fortified runoff and on days 14 and 21 with water only. Following the leaching experiments, soil from the columns was fortified with either [14C]atrazine or [14C]metolachlor to measure pesticide degradation potential. The mean time necessary for infiltration of the artificial runoff decreased from 7.5 h for unvegetated to 3.4 h for grassed soil columns, and the type of grass did not have a significant effect. Neither the type of grass nor the presence of grass caused a significant change in the total amount of herbicide that leached through the columns. However, the presence of some grasses did decrease the amount of herbicide that leached in the final two events (i.e., additions not fortified with herbicide). Fescue was the least effective, reducing the amount of leached atrazine and metolachlor by 13% and 33% respectively, and mixed prairie grass was most effective, with reductions of 43% and 44%, respectively. In addition, atrazine and metolachlor degraded more rapidly in soil vegetated by some grasses. Mixed prairie grass had the greatest effect, increasing atrazine mineralization by 260% and formation of metolachlor‐bound residue by 760%.
The effect of logistics outsourcing on the supply chain vulnerability of shippers : development of a conceptual risk management framework

Purpose – From a synthesis of literature, the purpose of this paper is to present a conceptual risk management framework, showing the effect of logistics outsourcing on the supply chain vulnerability (SCV) of shippers. The framework is designed to assist practitioners and academics in better understanding the key research, management as well as operational aspects involved. Design/methodology/approach – A literature review is conducted and based on these findings a conceptual framework developed. Findings – Logistics outsourcing is increasingly used by shippers, but the specific aspect of supply chain risk management (SCRM) and SCV in this context is rarely covered in research and implementation in practice is limited. Logistics outsourcing can have an ambiguous effect on the SCV of shippers and is influenced by other internal and external factors. Research limitations/implications – Literature directly dealing with logistics outsourcing and SCV/SCRM is rare and thus the framework is built on insights, co.
Achieving authenticity through ethnic tourism, a consumer perspective.

Ethnic tourism is considered a unique type of tourism since it enables the tourist to experience and learn about other cultures through their traditions, customs lifestyle and practice. Authenticity is an important concept in ethnic tourism studies as well as a critical issue in tourism practice. This article examines tourists' participation in ethnic attractions and products, and the levels of satisfaction with their experiences based upon empirical research conducted in a number of Nubian villages which still exist north of the Dam. The Nubian culture and society is considered an important part of the Egyptian culture and traditions. Field research was done through visiting, interviewing some of the local people and observing their lifestyle. A survey of 600 visitors to Nubian villages was also conducted, only 560 questionnaires were valid to analysis out of which 89.2% was international and 10.8% was domestic. The study results showed that authenticity is a major concern among international tourists. Most of the tourists were interested in seeing the culture, traditions and way of life of such people in their local area. Although it was the first experience for large number of tourists but they have different reasons for getting through this experience.
Oxidative Stress-Related Markers and Langerhans Cells in a Hairless Rat Model Exposed to UV Radiation

Biomarkers related to the oxidative stress in blood and epidermis and the number of Langerhans cells were determined in hairless rats after acute irradiation with 1.54, 1.93, or 2.41 J/cm2 of ultraviolet (UV) light and chronic exposure to 13 suberythemal UV doses of 1.1 J/cm2 for 2 mo. After acute UV irradiation, in epidermis, the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) content increased at the highest UV dose, whereas the activities of glutathione S-transferase and catalase rose and the oxidized glutathione (GSSG) content diminished at all UV doses. In erythrocytes, glutathione S-transferase activity increased at the two lowest UV doses, glutathione peroxidase activity rose at all UV doses, and catalase activity increased after the highest UV dose. In plasma, the TBARS content and the reduced glutathione (GSH)/GSSG ratio increased at the highest UV dose; the number of Langerhans cells decreased at all UV doses. Linear Pearson correlation analysis revealed many relationships between different biomarkers, and multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the number of Langerhans cells was predicted by epidermal GSSG and catalase (R 2 = .64) and by erythrocytic glutathione peroxidase and GSSG (R 2 = .72). After suberythemal UV radiation, in epidermis, the GST activity and the content of GSH and GSSG increased; in erythrocytes, the GST activity decreased and the GSH/GSSG ratio increased. Thus, the hairless rat appears to be a useful model for studying the oxidative stress-related mechanisms after UV radiation, which are involved in the loss of the immune capacity mediated by Langerhans cells, even at suberythemal doses. This study was conducted at the School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain. This work was supported by a Research and Development grant (SAF-99-0048) from the Spanish Ministry of Health and Social Security and cosponsored by Novartis CH (Spain). We thank Prof. J. Fernández of the School of Medicine (Reus) for his help with the statistical analyses.