Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study on Debt Structure, Ownership Structure and Solvency: Based on Automobile Listed Companies

With the development of the capital market and the more vigorous market competitions, the debt management is generally adopted by many enterprises. Debt management not only solves the shortage of funds for enterprises, but also has many risks such as increases the pressure on corporate debt and even leads to the bankruptcy liquidation. Based on the above analysis, this paper concentrated on the study of listed company's debt structure, ownership structure, solvency and their relationship. Firstly, it builds the evaluation index system of debt structure, ownership structure and solvency based on the theoretical analysis; Secondly, it selects China's auto industry listing Corporation as empirical sample and gets the formula of structure debt structure, ownership structure and solvency through factor analysis and principal component analysis; Thirdly, it studies the relationship among debt structure, ownership structure and solvency by using correlation analysis performed in SPSS software; Lastly, it arrives at the conclusion of this study and gives advices on the finance mode of China's automobile industry and the improvement of their solvency.
Rough substrates constrain walking speed in ants through modulation of stride frequency and not stride length

Natural terrain is rarely flat. Substrate irregularities challenge walking animals to maintain stability, yet we lack quantitative assessments of walking performance and limb kinematics on naturally rough ground. We measured how continually rough 3D-printed substrates influence walking performance of Argentine ants by measuring walking speeds of workers from lab colonies and by testing colony-wide substrate preference in field experiments. Tracking limb motion in over 8,000 videos, we used statistical models that associate walking speed with limb kinematic parameters to compare movement over flat versus rough ground. We found that rough substrates reduced preferred and peak walking speeds by up to 42% and that ants actively avoided rough terrain in the field. Observed speed reductions were modulated primarily by shifts in stride frequency and not stride length, a pattern consistent across flat and rough substrates. Modeling revealed that walking speeds on rough substrates were accurately predicted based on flat walking data for over 89% of strides. Those strides that were not well modeled primarily involved limb perturbations, including missteps, active foot repositioning, and slipping. Together these findings relate kinematic mechanisms underlying walking performance on rough terrain to ecologically-relevant measures under field conditions.
Optimization of Ventilation Energy Demands and Indoor Air Quality in High-Performance Homes

High-performance homes require that ventilation energy demands and indoor air quality (IAQ) be simultaneously optimized. We attempted to bridge these two areas by conducting tests in a research house located in Oak Ridge, TN, that was 20 months old, energy-efficient (i.e., expected to consume 50% less energy than a house built per the 2006 IRC), tightly-built (i.e., natural ventilation rate ~0.02 h -1 ), unoccupied, and unfurnished. We identified air pollutants of concern in the test home that could generally serve as indicators of IAQ, and conduced field experiments and computer simulations to determine the effectiveness and energy required by various techniques that lessened the concentration of these contaminants. Formaldehyde was selected as the main pollutant of concern among the contaminants that were sampled in the initial survey because it was the only compound that showed concentrations that were greater than the recommended exposure levels. Field data indicate that concentrations were higher during the summer primarily because emissions from sources rise with increases in temperature. Furthermore, supply ventilation and gas-phase filtration were effective means to reduce formaldehyde concentrations; however, exhaust ventilation had minimal influence on this pollutant. Results from simulations suggest that formaldehyde concentrations obtained while ventilating per ASHRAE 62.2-2010 could be decreased by about 20% from May through September through three strategies: 1) increasing ASHRAE supply ventilation by a factor of two, 2) reducing the thermostat setpoint from 76 to 74F, or 3) running a gas-phase filtration system while decreasing supply ventilation per ASHRAE by half. In the mixed-humid climate of Oak Ridge, these strategies caused increases in electricity cost of ~$5 to ~$15/month depending on outdoor conditions.
Second-order Homogeneous Random Fields

(1.3) F(A) = EIZ(A)12. We assume here that the time parameter t of the process takes on all real values. For discrete parameter random processes the limits of integration in (1.1) and (1.2) must be replaced by -r to +7r. Analogous spectral representations exist for stationary processes with a multidimensional parameter t = (tl, t2, *--, tn), that is, for homogeneous random fields t(t) in an n-dimensional space Rn, and for a more general class of homogeneous fields on an arbitrary locally compact commutative group G [see formulas (2.21) to (2.23) below]. Moreover, in the case of a homogeneous field t(t) with t E Rn any additional assumptions about its symmetry impose special restrictions on the covariance function B(T) and on the spectral measures F(A) and Z(A). From the point of view of applications the most interesting is the case of a homogeneous and isotropic random field, that is, the homogeneous field t(t) which possesses spherical symmetry. The general form of the covariance function B(r), with T = JTj, of such a field in R. is given by the well-known formula of I. J. Schoenberg [1], namely
The occurrence of 'Candidatus phytoplasma rhamni' in Rhamnus cathartica L. without symptoms

Common buckthorn, Rhamnus cathartica L. , is a small tree or shrub of Eurasian origin that has become invasive in North America. A survey was conducted during 2010 to evaluate occurrence of buckthorn witches’ broom (BWB) disease symptoms induced by ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma rhamni’ in the native range of R. cathartica. The distribution of phytoplasma-infected trees was identified over a large expanse of Europe, from south-west Switzerland to north-east Serbia. Although 25% of analyzed buckthorn trees were infected with phytoplasma (34 out of 133 plants), all plants were symptomless, indicating a commensal relationship between the phytoplasma and its plant host without negative effects which would lead to disease development.
A short contemporary survey on pathological brain detection

Brain disease detection still is the hotspot and difficulty in the present society. Nevertheless, the emergence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology can be more convenient for the diagnosis of brain diseases. In this paper, we introduce several methods to detect pathological brain automatically, and analyze their advantages and disadvantages as well as to the direction of the future. Introduction Developing a pathological brain detection system (PBDS) is the tendency of social progress. With the comparison to the traditional method, it can help doctors to detect disease for patients accurately [1, 2]. Meanwhile, the patient can quickly get the pathological findings so as to get treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [3-6] is a type of tomography. Its mechanism is based on magnetic resonance phenomena. Using MRI, the scanner can attain EM (full name is electromagnetic) signals [7-9]. Afterwards, the algorithm can reconstruct the inner image among human structure. It is suitable for almost diseases of the system, such as cancer, inflammation and a variety of congenital diseases [10-15]. The most important thing is that it does not contain any radiations [16-18]. In this paper, we will introduce some approaches for detecting pathologic brain disease and analyze the advantages and disadvantages. Methods and Results Lu (2016) [19] proposed a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) to classify the brain images, Meanwhile, they compared its method with following five methods: (i) BPNN; (ii) DWT+PCA+SVM; (iii) WE+NBC; (iv) RT+PCA+LS-SVM; (v) RBFNN. The results showed that the accuracy of WE+RBFNN is higher than other methods. Yang (2016) [20] proposed wavelet-energy to reduce the dimension of features. Then, they used the support vector machine (SVM) as classifier, meanwhile, this paper employed the biogeography-based optimization (BBO) to find the most suitable parameters, i.e., σ and C. Further, the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and precision of this method achieved 97.78%, 98.12%, 92%, and 99.52%, respectively. Zhang (2016) [21] employed 2-level stationary wavelet entropy (SWE) to extract feature, then they compared three methods: (i) the decision tree, (ii) k-nearest neighbors (shorted as KNN), (iii) support vector machine (abbreviated as SVM). The authors found that KNN performed the best among three classifiers. Therefore, they proposed “SWE + KNN” to detect multiple sclerosis (MS). Zhou (2016) [22] proposed “WE+FNN” to classify a MR brains image as normal or abnormal. They made tests based on 1-5 decomposition levels to find which leads to the highest accuracy, the results showed that first-level decomposition achieves 100% accuracy and its only contains four 5th International Conference on Machinery, Materials and Computing Technology (ICMMCT 2017) Copyright © 2017, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Engineering, volume 126
Robot task planning and explanation in open and uncertain worlds

A long-standing goal of AI is to enable robots to plan in the face of uncertain and incomplete information, and to handle task failure intelligently. This paper shows how to achieve this. There are two central ideas. The first idea is to organize the robot’s knowledge into three layers: instance knowledge at the bottom, commonsense knowledge above that, and diagnostic knowledge on top. Knowledge in a layer above can be used to modify knowledge in the layer(s) below. The second idea is that the robot should represent not just how its actions change the world, but also what it knows or believes. There are two types of knowledge effects the robot’s actions can have: epistemic effects (I believe X because I saw it) and assumptions (I’ll assume X to be true). By combining the knowledge layers with the models of knowledge effects, we can simultaneously solve several problems in robotics: (i) task planning and execution under uncertainty; (ii) task planning and execution in open worlds; (iii) explaining task failure; (iv) verifying those explanations. The paper describes how the ideas are implemented in a three-layer architecture on a mobile robot platform. The robot implementation was evaluated in five different experiments on object search, mapping, and room categorization.
Hysteresis E ect in Mean-Field Model

A simple feedback loop and a meaneld approximation are employed to simulate the memory e ect in the exchange-coupled magnetic system. The nonlinearity of the feedback turns out to be the crucial factor for the appearance of hysteresis loops. A threshold value above which the hysteresis disappears is the meaneld transition temperature. Temperature dependence of the coercive eld is investigated.
Effect of H. pylori Infection on HematologicalParameter among Patient with H. pylori Infectionat Atbara City 2017

Helicobacter pylori infection is the most common bacterial infection Worldwide, with almost half of people in developed countries and three-quarters of people in developing countries infected. Although many infected individuals are asymptomatic, H. pylori is an important health problem [1]. Prevalence of H. pylori depends on geographical location and socioeconomical status but approximately 50% of the world adult population is infected by H. pylori [1].
Drought Resistance Indices for Screening of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Genotypes

In breeding for drought tolerance, availability of precise, cheap and easy to apply selection tool is critical. The aim of the present study was to identify potential screening tools that are useful for selection of drought tolerant genotypes in potato and select drought resistant potato genotypes. The study assessed sixty clones arranged in a 10×6 alpha lattice design with two replicates in a managed stress experiment. Two irrigation treatments were applied: fully watered non-stress and terminal drought, where the irrigation water supply to the crop was withheld after 50 % flowering to induce post-flowering stress. Stress indices were calculated based on tuber yield of genotypes in both stressed and non-stressed conditions. Identification of drought tolerant genotypes based on a single index was less informative as different indices identified different genotypes as drought tolerant. Hence, to determine the most desirable drought tolerant clones rank sum of indices, correlation, and bi-plot display of the principal component analysis was employed. The indices modified stress tolerance index based on non-stressed yield, Men productivity, Geometric mean productivity, Stress tolerance index, Harmonic mean, modified stress tolerance index based on stressed yield and Yield index exhibited strong association with both yield under stressed and non-stressed yield. These indices discriminated drought tolerant genotypes with higher tuber yielding potential both under stress and non-stress conditions. Genotypes CIP-398180.612, CIP-397069.5, and CIP-304371.67 were identified as drought tolerant. These genotypes could be potentially grown both under drought prone and potential environments and these selection attributes could help to develop climate resilient potato varieties.
Interleukin-6 Expression by Hypothalamic Microglia in Multiple Inflammatory Contexts: A Systematic Review

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a unique cytokine that can play both pro- and anti-inflammatory roles depending on the anatomical site and conditions under which it has been induced. Specific neurons of the hypothalamus provide important signals to control food intake and energy expenditure. In individuals with obesity, a microglia-dependent inflammatory response damages the neural circuits responsible for maintaining whole-body energy homeostasis, resulting in a positive energy balance. However, little is known about the role of IL-6 in the regulation of hypothalamic microglia. In this systematic review, we asked what types of conditions and stimuli could modulate microglial IL-6 expression in murine model. We searched the PubMed and Web of Science databases and analyzed 13 articles that evaluated diverse contexts and study models focused on IL-6 expression and microglia activation, including the effects of stress, hypoxia, infection, neonatal overfeeding and nicotine exposure, lipopolysaccharide stimulus, hormones, exercise protocols, and aging. The results presented in this review emphasized the role of “injury-like” stimuli, under which IL-6 acts as a proinflammatory cytokine, concomitant with marked microglial activation, which drive hypothalamic neuroinflammation. Emerging evidence indicates an important correlation of basal IL-6 levels and microglial function with the maintenance of hypothalamic homeostasis. Advances in our understanding of these different contexts will lead to the development of more specific pharmacological approaches for the management of acute and chronic conditions, like obesity and metabolic diseases, without disturbing the homeostatic functions of IL-6 and microglia in the hypothalamus.
Nutritional Status of Mothers and Its Determinants in Alemtidad Area, Khartoum

Background: Nutritional status of mothers is considered one of the major problems facing mothers in the world. The nutrition plays a major role in mothers and child health. Objective: This study aims to assess mothers’ nutritional status and its determinants in Alemtidad area, Khartoum. Methods: A descriptive community based survey was conducted in the Alemtidad area of Khartoum between November 2012 and December 2012. One hundred and eighty mothers were selected by simple randomization. Data were collected by using structured designed questionnaire which was then analyzed by (SPSS) program version 20. Results: The study conducted among mothers in Alemtidad area; their age ranged between 19 and 86 years with the mean age 38 ± 12 years. From those mothers about half were unemployed, and having mainly primary and secondary educational level. 81.1% of mothers were not able to select the proper food according to age and nutrients and about 71.1% of mothers took two meals per day and 23.3% one meals per day, and only 5.6 take three meals per day. The Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated to measure the nutrition status of mothers; this study shows that mothers in Alemtidad are mainly overweight and obese, 45.6% and 18% respectively and only 35% within normal range of Body Mass Index (BMI). Conclusion: The study concludes that mothers are either overweight or obese (45.6%, 17.7% respectively). Compared to national and international statistics the findings of this study reflect high Body Mass Index (BMI) of mothers in Alemtidad.
Gas inflows towards the nucleus of the active galaxy NGC 7213

We present two-dimensional stellar and gaseous kinematics of the inner 0.8x1. 1kpc^2 of the LINER/Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC7213, from optical spectra obtained with the GMOS integral field spectrograph on the Gemini South telescope at a spatial resolution of 60pc. The stellar kinematics shows an average velocity dispersion of 177km/s, circular rotation with a projected velocity amplitude of 50km/s and a kinematic major axis at a position angle of -4degrees (west of north). From the average velocity dispersion we estimate a black hole mass of M_BH=8_{-6}^{+16}x10^7 M_sun. The gas kinematics is dominated by non-circular motions, mainly along two spiral arms extending from the nucleus out to 4arcsec (280pc) to the NW and SE, that are cospatial with a nuclear dusty spiral seen in a structure map of the nuclear region of the galaxy. The projected gas velocities along the spiral arms show blueshifts in the far side and redshifts in the near side, with values of up to 200km/s. This kinematics can be interpreted as gas inflows towards the nucleus along the spiral arms if the gas is in the plane of the galaxy. We estimate the mass inflow rate using two different methods. The first is based of the observed velocities and geometry of the flow, and gives a mass inflow rate in the ionised gas of 7x10^-2 M_sun/yr. In the second method, we calculate the net ionised gas mass flow rate through concentric circles of decreasing radii around the nucleus resulting in mass inflow rates ranging from 0.4 M_sun/yr at 300pc down to 0.2 M_sun/yr at 100pc from the nucleus. These rates are larger than necessary to power the active nucleus.
Finnish forest owner objectives as indicators for a diversifying use of forests on the road to a bioeconomy

Non-industrial private forest (NIPF) owners are important forest ecosystem service providers and users. Along with the structural and general lifestyle changes of owners, their forest ownership objectives have become more diverse, strongly emphasizing intangible forest values alongside timber production. Therefore, NIPF owners and their versatile forest ownership objectives are a potential source of information for exploring the untapped future potential that could help the forest sector to retain its future viability on the road towards a bioeconomy. This doctoral thesis aims to understand the drivers of demand for new forestry services and forest-based business opportunities from the perspective of NIPF owner objectives and forest meanings. Objectives and forest meanings are examined from methodological, sociodemographic and NIPF owner sustainable lifestyle perspectives, leading to more general examination of NIPF owner perceptions of future utilization prospects of forests and the forest sector. Thus, the objective of the thesis is to build a more in-depth understanding of NIPF owner objectives and to examine how this information could be used in the development and marketing of forestry services and other forest-related products and services. The findings present a way to systematically analyse the objectives of forest ownership and also illustrate how certain segments of forest owners value aesthetics and biodiversity conservation over a traditional monetary value orientation. The results also indicate that the owners with the highest sustainable consumption orientation place a greater emphasis on multiple benefits of forests than owners who have a lower such orientation. The findings show that the future value creation of forests will be based on multiple aspects, and the widening of perspective beyond raw material dominance in the utilization of forests is important. Thus, recognizing customer pressure towards more diversified forestry services would be essential in meeting the versatile needs of forest owners but also from the perspective of developing new forest-based businesses.
Ophelimus migdanorum Molina-Mercader sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): Application of Integrative Taxonomy for Disentangling a Polyphenism Case in Eucalyptus globulus Labill Forest in Chile

In 2003, a new gall-inducing wasp of the genus Ophelimus was detected in the Valparaíso Region (Chile), affecting tree plantations of Eucalyptus globulus Labill and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. Since then Ophelimus has been frequently detected in different plantations in Chile, covering a widespread area. A preliminary collaborative study suggests that the micro-wasp detected should be classified as a new Ophelimus species. In this paper, using an integrative approach (including genetic, morphological, and behavioral data), we addressed the delimitation and description of this new species. This study involved the use of brood adult specimens, raised at the laboratory of MIPlagas Ltda. , from infested twigs of E. globulus collected in several localities between of Valparaíso and Los Lagos Regions (Chile). Morphological structures were described according to current Eulophidae taxonomic keys, as well as additional traits, such as gall morphology and behavior. Genetic characterization was implemented using a phylogenetic approach, based on a 648 bp specific fragment of the mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I gene (COI 5 region) obtained from collected specimens and available databases (Genbank, NCBI, and BOLDSystem). Specifically, distinctive patterns of variation were detected in traits like gall and antennae morphology, growth habit trends, and a notorious polyphenism in the setae from the sub marginal vein. Overall evidence suggests that this new entity should be considered a new species in Ophelimus, which is henceforth named Ophelimus migdanorum Molina-Mercader.
Targeting the Gut Microbiota to Treat Cachexia

Cachexia occurs in many chronic diseases and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. It is treated by nutritional support but often with limited effectiveness, leading to the search of other therapeutic strategies. The modulation of gut microbiota, whether through pro-, pre-, syn- or antibiotics or fecal transplantation, is attracting ever-growing interest in the field of obesity, but could also be an interesting and innovative alternative for treating cachexia. This article reviews the evidence linking the features of malnutrition, as defined by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition [low body mass index (BMI), unintentional body weight loss, low muscle mass, low appetite, and systemic inflammation] and the gut microbiota in human adults with cachexia-associated diseases, and shows the limitations of the present research in that field with suggestions for future directions.