Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric effects of a leaf‐chewing herbivore on aphid population growth

1. Plant responses to herbivory are often specific to the feeding guild of the attacking herbivore. These phytochemical responses to herbivore damage can affect herbivore performance and activity. Comprehensive studies on the ecological consequences of multi‐herbivore plant interactions are key to understanding plant–herbivore community dynamics.
The Maximum CPR Model: a demographic tool for family planning policy

The Maximum CPR Model (MCM) allows demographers, policy makers, and family planning advocates to determine a country’s highest potential contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR), based on an ideal number of children, demographic life events, and population structure. Understanding the highest potential level of CPR achievable under current circumstances in a population leads to realistic expectations and appropriate policy implementation. Countries with a large gap between current CPR and maximum CPR can focus on removing blocks to contraceptive use, while countries where the maximum potential CPR is near the actual CPR may need to shift their focus to demand generation or postpartum family planning programs. With a focus on equality of access to family planning, MCM produces CPR for all women, regardless of marital status. This paper details the mathematical construction of the MCM. A version of the model is available online for easy use by non-technical audiences in English and French.
Shoot-to-root translocation of the jasmonate precursor 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) coordinates plant growth responses following tissue damage

Multicellular organisms rely upon the movement of signaling molecules across cells, tissues and organs to communicate among distal sites. In plants, herbivorous insects, necrotrophic pathogens and mechanical wounding stimulate the activation of the jasmonate (JA) pathway, which in turn triggers the transcriptional changes necessary to protect plants against those challenges, often at the expense of growth. Although previous evidence indicated that JA species can translocate from damaged into distal sites, the identity of the mobile compound(s), the tissues through which they translocate and the consequences of their relocation remain unknown. Here, we demonstrated that endogenous JA species generated after shoot injury translocate to unharmed roots via the phloem vascular tissue in Arabidopsis thaliana. By wounding wild-type shoots of chimeric plants and by quantifying the relocating compounds from their JA-deficient roots, we uncovered that the JA-Ile precursor 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) is a mobile JA species. Our data also showed that OPDA is a primary mobile compound relocating to roots where, upon conversion to the bioactive hormone, it induces JA-mediated gene expression and root growth inhibition. Collectively, our findings reveal the existence of long-distance transport of endogenous OPDA which serves as a communication molecule to coordinate shoot-to-root responses, and highlight the importance of a controlled distribution of JA species among organs during plant stress acclimation.
Microscopie tunnel à électrons balistiques : vers le magnétisme

Ce travail a consiste a developper une microscopie tunnel a electrons balistiques (BEEM) dont l'application finale est l'obtention d'un dispositif d'etude d'objets magnetiques, a l'echelle du nanometre (imagerie de domaines et de nanostructures magnetiques). Nous presentons ici une formulation poussee de calculs de spectres macroscopiques I(V) et de spectres BEEM Ib(V) qui se revele tres efficace pour l'analyse des donnees experimentales. L'etude des I(V) macroscopiques permet, avant toute mesure microscopique, de connaitre les caracteristiques importantes d'un echantillon BEEM: hauteur de barriere Schottky, facteur d'idealite et resistance a tension nulle de la jonction Schottky. Les fonctions d'ajustement des spectres BEEM ont ete calculees a partir d'un modele publie par les pionniers de la technique, que nous decrivons ici dans ses differents stades de raffinement. La mise au point d'un processus chimique adapte a la preparation de surface des substrats de silicium et le travail de salle blanche pour mener a bien les etapes technologiques sont ensuite exposes. Les echantillons fabriques par evaporation ultra-vide ont revele de meilleures caracteristiques que ceux faits par pulverisation cathodique: hauteur de barriere plus elevee, transmission plus grande, bruit reduit. Les mesures BEEM ont montre l'obtention de differents contrastes sur le signal des electrons balistiques. Certains sont nettement lies a une attenuation des electrons chauds par effet d'epaisseur de la couche metallique alors que d'autres contrastes, a la nature clairement differente, ne sont pas totalement compris. La preparation et la caracterisation d'echantillons magnetiques est aussi abordee.
Production of Rumen-Protected Essential Amino Acids with Chemical Technique

In this experiment, essential amino acid (Methionine) and two chemical compound, were used to make ligands that produce pH-sensitive amino acids that are stable in the rumen and absorbable in the post rumen part of the digestive tract. The treatments were made with heat and steer, reflux and ultrasound reaction at different times, temperatures and solvents to make new bonds and pH-sensitive amino acid ligands. During the first 8 hours of incubation (rumen phase) 55.42% of RPMet1 was released, during the 2 hours (abomasum phase) 91.00% of the compound had been released and during the final hours up to 35h (intestine phase) 93.21% had been released and 6.79% of this product was stable. About the RPMet2 figure shown that in first 8 hours of incubation (rumen phase) 49.25% of RPMet1 was released, in next 2 hours (abomasum phase) 87.93% of the compound was released and in the final hours up to 35h (intestine phase) 94.05% was released and 5.95% of this product was stable. Result shows that this chemical method increased retention time in rumen and the bond is reversible in lower pHs, similar to the abomasum.
Gamificación para el aprendizaje de la apicultura

Las abejas han sido declaradas recientemente como el organismo mas importante del planeta, por ser polinizadores y generadores de otros productos y servicios para la humanidad. De aqui la obligacion de promover su conservacion. La apicultura es un tema de interes mundial, pero son pocos cursos los que se ofertan en universidades y organizaciones particulares que contemplan la cria de las abejas. A traves del uso de tecnologias actuales y la gamificacion se propone un juego didactico que favorezca el aprendizaje en apicultura, especificamente el proceso de la cosecha de miel. El videojuego proporciona el conocimiento que se requiere para el manejo de las abejas meliferas de una manera virtual antes de llevar a los estudiantes a los escenarios reales, contribuyendo a una reduccion del estres que se puede producir en las colmenas y reduciendo el numero de accidentes que pueden ocurrir.
Moguće posljedice rane izloženosti endokrinim disruptorima

Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are exogenous chemicals that alter the endocrine system function and have adverse effects on animal and human health. Synthesized compounds such as pesticides, industrial chemicals and their by-products, natural mycotoxins and phyto-oestrogens are included in the group of permanently present harmful compounds. The second group contains occasionally used chemicals (personal care products, pharmaceutical agents). The harmful effects of ED are tested in wildlife and laboratory animals, in cell cultures, and in human epidemiological and clinical research. The consequences of early exposure to ED have been demonstrated in disorders of the reproductive and endocrine systems, the occurrence of metabolic disorders and diseases, and neurological disorders. Some of the consequences are passed onto the next generations. In early childhood, it is important to detect and investigate the indicators of foetal exposure to harmful chemicals, to identify high- and low-risk groups for ED exposure, and to conduct prospective studies of the correlation of exposure with clinical outcomes throughout childhood and adolescence.
The Effects of FIVE Neuromuscular Warm-up on Leg Strength among Young Futsal Players

The research aims to determine the effects of FIVE neuromuscular warm-up on leg strength improvement among young futsal players. This study was experimental research, recruiting two groups of high school futsal players by conducting purposive/ judgmental sampling in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The Experimental Group (EXP) was trained by the FIVE program twice per week for eight weeks, and the Control Group (CON) was trained by standard exercise. Twenty-nine subjects were participated in this study (n EXP = 14; n CON = 15). Leg strength assessment using leg dynamometer performed twice before and after the intervention (pre and post-test). Changes of leg strength in each group were analyzed by paired t-test, and changes of leg strength between the EXP and CON group were analyzed by independent/ non-paired ttest. Significant level was set to 0.05 (p < 0,05). The result shows the leg strength improvement in both groups (p EXP = 0.006; p CON = 0.028). While the analysis using a non-paired t-test shows that there is not any significant difference between EXP and CON on the mean of leg strength improvement. This research demonstrates that FIVE neuromuscular warm-up could be an alternative exercise program to improve leg strength of young futsal players.
Sustainable approach using carica papaya stem for in vitro propagation of clinacanthus nutans

Clinacanthus nutans, known to the locals as Belalai Gajah, is a medicinal plant widely used by Malaysians in the belief to cure various diseases including cancer. However, the production of Belalai Gajah hardly fulfils the market demand since the growing techniques of stem cutting and tissue culture are inefficient and expensive. Therefore, improvements in tissue culture techniques and materials application are required. Hence, this study tested Carica papaya (locally know as papaya) stem, an agricultural waste, to enhance the tissue culture of C. nutans. The effects of C. papaya stem powder and extract on the shoot proliferation of C. nutans parameters were investigated. The average number of shoot, leaves and length of leaves were observed. Phytochemicals screening was also conducted. Overall, C. papaya stem extract showed positive performance and 1% extract was found to be the optimum concentration to enhance the shoot proliferation. Meanwhile, C. papaya stem powder inhibited the shoot proliferation. It was also found that flavonoids, glycosides, steroid and terpenoid contributed in the shoot proliferation. In conclusion, the papaya stem extract is a potential in-vitro supplement for tissue culture studies. This study gained insights in sustainable green economy and showed that Chia Chay Tay, Najihah Mohamad Nasir, Nur Liyana Jamaluddin and Wan Nurul Hidayah Wan Annuar 620 Pertanika J. Sci. & Technol. 27 (2): 619 632 (2019) zero waste can be attained by converting local papaya stem waste to valuable product. In addition, sustainable technology in pharmaceutical approach could be addressed through in-vitro low cost large-scale production of Belalai Gajah medicinal plant.
Strategic adjustment of copulatory plug size in a nematode

Abstract Copulatory plugs (CP) are substances produced during copulation that block the genital openings of the female. In several species of Nematoda, males produce CP that are thought to impede female remating and thus sperm competition. The relatively large size of the CP in several nematodes, and its evolutionary loss in self-fertilizing populations of Caenorhabditis elegans, suggests that CP are costly to produce. If CP production is costly, the application of basic concepts of strategic ejaculation theory suggests a modulated allocation of CP in response to sperm competition risk. This hypothesis led us to predict that males perceiving a higher risk of sperm competition will produce larger CP. We tested these ideas with the entomopathogenic, gonochoristic nematode Rhabditis regina. Our first experiment provides evidence suggesting that production of CP is costly, because the size of CP is negatively affected by stressful conditions (high population density, small male adult size, and suboptimal food type). The results of our second experiment support the prediction that males adjust the size of CP to sperm competition risk: the average size of CP increased as the number of males competing for one female increased. Overall, our study supports the idea that in R. regina the production of CP is costly for males and that the size of the CP produced is influenced by sperm competition risk.
Soybean Haplotype Map (GmHapMap): A Universal Resource for Soybean Translational and Functional Genomics

Here we describe the first worldwide haplotype map for soybean (GmHapMap) constructed using whole-genome sequence data for 1,007 Glycine max accessions and yielding 15 million variants. The number of unique haplotypes plateaued within this collection (4.3 million tag SNPs) suggesting extensive coverage of diversity within the cultivated germplasm. We imputed GmHapMap variants onto 21,618 previously genotyped (50K array/210K GBS) accessions with up to 96% success for common alleles. A GWAS performed with imputed data enabled us to identify a causal SNP residing in the NPC1 gene and to demonstrate its role in controlling seed oil content. We identified 405,101 haplotypes for the 55,589 genes and show that such haplotypes can help define alleles. Finally, we predicted 18,031 putative loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in 10,662 genes and illustrate how such a resource can be used to explore gene function. The GmHapMap provides a unique worldwide resource for soybean genomics and breeding.
KPGminer: A tool for retrieving pathway genes from KEGG pathway database

Pathway analysis is a very important aspect in computational systems biology as it serves as a crucial component in many computational pipelines. KEGG is one of the prominent databases that host pathway information associated with various organisms. In any pathway analysis pipelines, it is also important to collect and organize the pathway constituent genes for which a tool to automatically retrieve that would be a useful one to the practitioners. In this article, I present KPGminer, a tool that retrieves the constituent genes in KEGG pathways for various organisms and organizes that information suitable for many downstream pathway analysis pipelines. We exploited several KEGG web services using REST APIs, particularly GET and LIST methods to request for the information retrieval which is available for developers. Moreover, KPGminer can operate both for a particular pathway (single mode) or multiple pathways (batch mode). Next, we designed a crawler to extract necessary information from the response and generated outputs accordingly. KPGminer brings several key features including organism-specific and pathway-specific extraction of pathway genes from KEGG and always up-to-date information. Thus, we hope KPGminer can be a useful and effective tool to make downstream pathway analysis easier and faster. KPGminer is freely available for download from https://sourceforge.net/projects/kpgminer/.
Effect of Total Glucosides of Paeony on the Expression of Natural Killer T Cells in Livers of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis Rats

Objective: To investigate the effects of total glucosides of paeony (TGP) on natural killer T (NKT) cell gene expression in liver of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) rats. Methods: Experimental study. Forty-five Lewis rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal controls, EAU-stimulated rats (model group), and EAU-stimulated rats treated with TGP (TGP intervention group). Control animals received an emulsion of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and CFA, which was injected subcutaneously. The other two groups were injected an equal volume of chylomicron containing interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein polypeptide (IRBP). Inflammation was observed by daily slit-lamp microscopy of the anterior segments after immunization. The incidence of inflammation and the inflammation scores were recorded. At 12 days after immunization, we extracted the eyes for pathologic examination, and CD4+ T cells were collected from the livers. The expression levels of NKT cells were detected by flow cytometry. Reverse transcription polymerase change reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to measure the gene and protein expression levels of interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-γ. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Results: Twelve days after immunization, the inflammatory score and pathological grade of the TGP group were significantly lower than in the EAU group, but higher than in the normal group. Flow cytometry showed that compared with normal control group, the number of liver NKT cells in the EAU group and in the TGP intervention group were significantly increased. Further, the increased in the number of NKT expression in the TGP intervention group was higher than in the EAU group (P<0.05) during the inflammatory phase. RT-PCR showed that on day 12 the expression of IFN-γ mRNA in the liver of the TGP intervention group was significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.001), but lower than in the EAU group (P<0.001). At the same time, the expression of liver IL-4 mRNA in the TGP group was lower than that of the normal group (P<0.001), but significantly higher than the EAU group (P<0.001). ELISA showed that the liver IFN-γ levels in the TGP group were significantly lower in the EAU group after 12 days (P=0.01). The concentration of liver IL-4 protein was higher in the TGP group than in the EAU group (P<0.001). Conclusions: TGP can treat uveitis in EAU rats by regulating the expression of liver IL-4 and IFN-γ genes and increasing the number of NKT cells. Key words: total glucosides of peony; experimental autoimmune uveitis; natural killer cell; rats
Effects of glucocorticoids in depression: Role of astrocytes

Astrocytes or astroglia are heterogeneous cells, similar to neurons, that have different properties in different brain regions. The implications of steroid hormones on glial cells and stress-related pathologies have been studied previously. Glucocorticoids (GCs) that are released in response to stress have been shown to be deleterious to neurons in various brain regions. Further, in the light of the effect of GCs on astrocytes, several reports have shown the crucial role of glia. Still, much remains to be done to understand the stress-astrocytes-glucocorticoid interactions associated with the pathological consequences of various CNS disorders. This review is an attempt to summarize the effects of GCs and stress on astrocytes and its implications in depression.
Corporate Social Responsibility is Viewed from a Contingency Perspective

: Corporate Social Responsibility is a corporate social responsibility to stakeholders where the company is part of the social environment. Corporate Social Responsibility must achieve balance or must be able to integrate from the start of environmental economics and social issues at the same time can provide and meet the expectations of shareholders and stakeholders. So, the company has a responsibility to the corporate environment. Most companies do only corporate social responsibility voluntarily. Contingency theory is a theory that adjusts leaders to the right conditions. Contingency theory argues that leader performance is determined from his understanding of the situation in which they lead. Managers sometimes lack understanding of the mindset rather than Corporate social responsibility. This study uses a literature study to see how CSR is viewed from contingency theory. From the analysis, it can be concluded that CSR with company performance occurs in differences of opinion. There are researchers who claim that the implementation of CSR is determined by industry partnerships, the role of government, and managerial incentives. The implementation of corporate social responsibility in the company must be freed from short-term goals. Corporate social responsibility does not directly have an impact on improving financial performance.
VARIAÇÃO ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DA OCORRÊNCIA DO FOGO NOS BIOMAS BRASILEIROS COM BASE NA ANÁLISE DE PRODUTOS DE SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO

O estudo das relações entre o fogo e a dinâmica das paisagens brasileiras resulta fundamental para uma melhor compreensão dos processos ecológicos e dos impactos humanos incidentes sobre a dinâmica da paisagem. O presente artigo busca explorar a dinâmica de variação espaço-temporal de ocorrência de queimadas nos biomas brasileiros nos últimos 18 anos (2001-2018), com base no produto MCD64A1 v006 de área queimada e a base de dados de uso e cobertura da terra do projeto Mapbiomas. O Cerrado apresentou 62,2% do total queimado registrado no período analisado, seguido do bioma Amazônia, com 23,5%. Pampa, Mata Atlântica e Amazônia apresentaram uma incidência de queimadas superior a ≈50% em áreas com usos da terra agropastoris, enquanto nos biomas Cerrado, Caatinga e Pantanal as queimadas ocorreram principalmente sobre áreas de formação vegetal natural. Comprova-se o potencial de combinação de uso de produtos derivados de sensoriamento remoto para análise dos padrões de áreas queimadas, gerando-se relevantes informações a respeito das influências antrópicas na alteração dos regimes de fogo.
Utilização de glúten de milho em substituição ao fígado de ave em ração granulada para alimentação inicial do jundiá, Rhamdia quelen

Neste trabalho verificou-se o efeito da utilizacao de gluten de milho em substituicao ao figado de ave em racao granulada para alimentacao de larvas de jundia, Rhamdia quelen. Durante 21 dias testaram-se quatro tipos de dieta (quatro tratamentos), correspondendo aos seguintes diferentes niveis de substituicao do figado por gluten de milho, em racao granulada: 0, 33, 66 e 100%. Utilizaram-se no experimento 2.400 larvas, que foram mantidas em um sistema de recirculacao de agua com temperatura controlada (25°C). Diariamente foram aferidos parâmetros de qualidade de agua do sistema de criacao: temperatura (°C), amonia total (ppm), nitrito (ppm), oxigenio dissolvido (mg/L), pH e alcalinidade (mgCaCO3/L). A cada sete dias do periodo de pesquisa, 10 larvas foram capturadas por unidade de criacao para realizacao de medicoes de peso e comprimento. As variaveis estimadas foram: comprimentos total (CT) e padrao (CP), sobrevivencia (S), peso (P), produto peso vs sobrevivencia (PXS), taxa de crescimento especifico (TCE) e fator de condicao (FC). Os resultados obtidos no 7o dia do experimento mostram variacoes entre os tratamentos, em que os valores de todas as variaveis estimadas (P < 0,05) seguem tendencia cubica (terceira ordem). No 14o dia observou-se efeito linear decrescente, da inclusao de gluten de milho na racao, para as variaveis comprimento total (CT), padrao (CP) e fator de condicao (FC). No 21o dia verificou-se efeito linear decrescente (P < 0,05) para todas as variaveis, sendo que as larvas alimentadas com racao a base de figado de ave (GM0) apresentaram maior crescimento. Conclui-se, entao, que a substituicao parcial ou total do figado de ave por gluten de milho foi ineficiente no desempenho de larvas de jundia, Rhamdia quelen.