Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adding Learning to Cellular Genetic Algorithms for Training Recurrent Neural Networks

This paper proposes a hybrid optimization algorithm which combines the efforts of local search (individual learning) and cellular genetic algorithms (GA’s) for training recurrent neural networks (RNN’s). Each weight of an RNN is encoded as a floating point number, and a concatenation of the numbers forms a chromosome. Reproduction takes place locally in a square grid with each grid point representing a chromosome. Two approaches, Lamarckian and Baldwinian mechanisms, for combining cellular GA’s and learning have been compared. Different hill-climbing algorithms are incorporated into the cellular GA’s as learning methods. These include the real-time recurrent learning (RTRL) and its simplified versions, and the delta rule. The RTRL algorithm has been successively simplified by freezing some of the weights to form simplified versions. The delta rule, which is the simplest form of learning, has been implemented by considering the RNN’s as feedforward networks during learning. The hybrid algorithms are used to train the RNN’s to solve a long-term dependency problem. The results show that Baldwinian learning is inefficient in assisting the cellular GA. It is conjectured that the more difficult it is for genetic operations to produce the genotypic changes that match the phenotypic changes due to learning, the poorer is the convergence of Baldwinian learning. Most of the combinations using the Lamarckian mechanism show an improvement in reducing the number of generations required for an optimum network; however, only a few can reduce the actual time taken. Embedding the delta rule in the cellular GA’s has been found to be the fastest method. It is also concluded that learning should not be too extensive if the hybrid algorithm is to be benefit from learning.
March 2013 P08 - Availability Estimation of a Cooling Tower Using GSPN

This paper deals with the availability analysis of a Cooling Tower used in an air conditioning system. The system is modeled as a Generalized Stochastic Petri Net (GSPN) and analyzed using Monte Carlo Simulation method. The superiority of this approach over others is demonstrated. The proposed GSPN is a promising tool that can be conveniently used to model and analyze any complex systems. It is a promising tool for modeling and estimation of reliability measures of any process plants.
Measuring Consumer Benefits of Food Safety Risk Reductions

Abstract Microbial pathogens and pesticide residues in food pose a financial burden to society which can be reduced by incurring costs to reduce these food safety risks. We explore three valuation techniques that place a monetary value on food safety risk reductions, and we present a case study for each: a contingent valuation survey on pesticide residues, an experimental auction market for a chicken sandwich with reduced risk of Salmonella, and a cost-of-illness analysis for seven foodborne pathogens. Estimates from these techniques can be used in cost/benefit analyses for policies that reduce food safety risks.
A user-friendly, self-contained, programmable microfluidic cell culture system for high quality microscopy

We present a fully self-contained system for long-term cell culture with real-time, high quality microscopic access and programming capabilities for constant perfusion live-cell assays. When assembled, the system constitutes a closed unit complete with microfluidic culturing chip, reservoirs, interconnections and flow control without the need for external mechanical components. Being designed especially for use in cell labs and to fit into standard motorized stages in inverted life science microscopes the system is user-friendly for operators without a microfluidic background. To demonstrate the system capabilities we show examples of switching between different liquids and long-term cell culture with time-lapse imaging.
Further Thoughts on Mega-Accounting and the Need for Standards

This paper continues previous research (Mathews 1984, 1997b, 2000a, 2000b, 2003) into developinga proposal for a system of comprehensive reporting based on a concept called megaaccounting.The ideas in mega-accounting are similar to those behind GRI (2002) and triplebottom line (TBL) reporting (Elkington 1997), but with a different underlying philosophy, asocial contract approach compared to one based on organisational legitimacy or the need formanagement to drive sustainability and sustainable capitalism which is sometimes called â€˜thebusiness caseâ€™. The paper attempts to develop the concept of mega-accounting by identifyingthe purpose underlying the reports, identifying the basis of a conceptual framework and providingan indication of the content that social and environmental accounting reports may include inthe future. Of necessity the research perspective is normative and deductive, as is much of theprocess of developing accounting standards, the model upon which it is argued social and environmentalaccounting should be based. The paper concludes by reiterating that the way forwardfor social and environmental accounting and reporting is for a conceptual framework to beagreed and standards developed via a normative-pragmatic process that will provide the basisfor comprehensive, audited, corporate reports encompassing the social, environmental and economicdimension. Furthermore, additional work is needed on the areas of macro-social accountingand externalities in order to develop a comprehensive framework. Â Copyright Â© www.iiste. org
Visualization of Carbon Monoxide Particles Released from Firearms

Menon, Sadan Suneesh. M.S., Department of Computer Science, Wright State University, 2017. Visualization of Carbon Monoxide Particles Released from Firearms. A number of soldiers have come forward to report discomfort, irritation and respiratory problems after taking part in a live firing session. These problems are caused due to the fumes and particulates emitted from the gun upon firing. There exists substantial research work focused on lead and other harmful metallic particulates expelled from a firearm, since they are the most harmful among the other emissions. However, our research focuses on visualizing the carbon monoxide (CO) particles released from a firearm in order to help understand adverse effects they may have on the human body. We use data provided by researchers at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (WPAFB) to implement a parallel coordinate graph that shows the correlations between concentration of CO particles and the Lung Deposited Surface Area (LDSA) values, and other relevant parameters. We also executed a video tracking algorithm in order to retrieve additional information needed for the visualization of the given data. The results are summarized in the form of a dynamic parallel coordinates plot. The we have implemented in this project is divided into the video tracking aspect and the development of parallel coordinates. Results shown in this thesis may be used to glean information about the interrelation between CO particles released and health issues faced by individuals after firing a weapon.
lnfluence of protein concentration on the response of broilers to supplemental DL-methioniile

ARAFA, A. S. , R. H . HARMS, R. D. MrLES, R. B. CHRISTMAS J '. H. Cttor (1982): Quality characteristics of eggs fro~ different straJns of hens as related to time of oviposition. Poultry Sei. 61, 842847. BACON, W. L. , K. E. NESTOR (1979): Reproductive traits of first eggs of clutches vs . other clutch positions in turkeys. Poultry Sei. 58, 257258. BuHR'. R. J. (1990): Influence of egg sequence position on femlity and hatchability in the leghorn hen. Poultry Sei. 69, Suppl. 1, 27. CHor, J. H. , R. D. MrLES, A. S. ARAFA, R. H. HARMS (1981): The influence of oviposition time on egg weight, shell qua! ity, and blood phosphorus. Poultry Sei. 60 ~-~. ' ETCHES, R. ]. (1984) : Maturation of ovarian follicles. In: Cunninghan, F. ]. , P. E. LAKE and D. HEWITT (Eds.) Reproductive Biology of Poultry, 51 73. ETCHES'. R. ]. , J. P. ScHOCH (1984): A mathematical representatlon of the ovulatory cycle of the domestic hen . Brit. Poultry Sei. 25, 6576. Fraps, R. M. (1955). Egg production and fertility in poultry. In: Harnmond, J. (Ed.) Progress in the Physiology of Farm Animals, 661 740. KrnK, SusAN, G. C. EMMANS, R. McDONALD, D. ARNOT (1980): F actors aff~cting the hatchability of eggs from broiler breeders. Bnt. Poultry Sei. 21 , 3753. LANDAUER, W. (1967): The hatchability of chicken eggs as Jnfluenced by env1ronment and heredity. Storrs Agricultural Experimental Station. Monograph, 1. LrLLPERS, KRIS TINA, M. WrLHELMSON (1993): Genetic and phenotypJC parameters for oviposition pattern traits in three selection lines of laying hens. Brit. Poultry Sei. (in press) . MATHER, CHRISTINE M. , K. F. LAUGHLIN (1979): Storage of hatchJng eggs: _the interaction between parental age and early embryan1c development. Brit. Poultry Sei. 20 %-~. ' MEHNE_R, A. W. HARTFIEL (1983): Handbuch der Geflügelphys1olog1e II, 10161020, VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena. ROBINSON, F. E. , R. T HARDIN, N. A. ROBINSON, B. J. WILLIAMS (1991): The Jnfluence of egg sequence position on fert1! 1ty, embryo viability, and embryo weight in broiler breeders. Poultry Sei. 70, 760765. SAS Insti tute Inc (1985) : SAS User's Guide: Statistics Version 5 Edition (Cary, N.C.). ' WrLSON, S. C. , F. J. CuNNINGHAM (1984): Endocrine control ofthe ovulation cycle. In: CuNNINGHAM, F. ] . , P. E. LAKE und D. H EWITT (Eds.) Reproductive Biology of Poultry, 2949.
Should subsistence agriculture be supported as a strategy to address rural food insecurity?

Abstract At first glance South Africa's black farming sector appears to contribute rather minimally to overall agricultural output in South Africa. However, despite the complexity involved in this sector and the often marginal conditions in which agriculture is practised it appears to be important to a large number of black households. Furthermore, the significance they attach to subsistence agriculture as means of supplementing household food supplies seems to heavily outweigh other reasons for engaging in agriculture. Some South African researchers have indicated the contribution subsistence production makes to household food security, despite the prevalent complexities and the low input nature of this production. Statistics South Africa's Labour Force Survey data from 2001 to 2007 and a case study of subsistence farming in Limpopo Province are used to support the argument that, despite the complexity of this sector, the more than 4 million subsistence farmers, need and merit greater support. Such support should be based on the local context, build on and, where appropriate, improve existing local practices, while addressing various existing threats to this type of production. Recommendations are made as to what policy makers need to consider when considering how best to support subsistence production.
Clinical predictors of functional recovery at six month post-stroke

Access this article online Website: http://nepjol.info/index.php/AJMS Aim: To investigate predictors of functional recovery at six-month among Nigerians with first-ever stroke. Methods: Participants with first ever stroke were recruited at stroke-onset from the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Stroke severity was measured using the National Institute of Health Stroke-Scale. Stroke was classified using the results of the CT scan of the brain. The weighted-standard values of Barthel Index and Frenchay Activities Index were combined to indicate Comprehensive Activities of Daily Living (CADL). The presence of depressive features and Trunk-Control (TC) were measured using the Centre for Epidemiological Scale-Depression and the Postural Assessment-Scale for Stroke-Patients respectively. Measurements were taken every month for six months. Data were analyzed using multivariate regression and survival analyses at p=0.05. Results: Sixty-five participants were recruited. Ten died within a week of stroke onset. Fifty-five (mean age = 57.4±14.8 years, 28 males) participants completed the study; Twenty-six (47.3%) had ischaemic stroke and 29 (52.7%) had haemorrhagic stroke. Forty of the 55 participants were married and of the 40, 31 reported spousal support. Type of stroke (β=7.5) and age (β=–0.4) significantly predicted functional recovery after controlling for co-morbidity (β=–2.1), brainstem lesion (β= –0.2), stroke severity (β= –0.6) and TC (β= 0.7) and the scores on depressive symptoms ratings (β= –0.1). Conclusion: Functional recovery at six-month is better in individuals who had haemorrhagic stroke. However, functional recovery decreases as age increases. The combination of haemorrhagic stroke with the presence of co-morbidity predicted death after stroke.
The effect of visual cues in the perception of nonnative contrasts

This article reviews and discusses some of the factors that may affect anaccurate identification of second language sounds as well as two currentmodels of speech perception: the Speech learning Model and the NativeLanguage Magnet. Then, this article reviews and discusses some studies thatinvestigate the effect of visual cues in the perception of nonnative contrasts bysecond language learners, specially the ones investigating the perception ofBrazilian learners of English (Kluge, Reis, Nobre-Oliveira & Bettoni-Techio,2009; Kluge, 2009). In general, the studies show the importance of visual inputin the perception of nonnative contrasts, especially in the perception of thevisually distinctive ones.
16 Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome

The syndrome of multiple vascular occlusions associated with high titer antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) is known as catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS). Although antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is typically characterized by thrombotic events that either occur singly or, when recurrent, are seen many months or even years apart, some patients with this syndrome may develop widespread, non-inflammatory vascular occlusions. The first reports of patients with multiple non-inflammatory vascular occlusions appeared in 1974, by Dosekun [1], and in 1987, by Ingram [2]. However, it was not until Greisman reported in 1991 on two patients with “acute, catastrophic, widespread non-inflammatory visceral vascular occlusions associated with high titer antiphospholipid antibodies” that the full spectrum of clinical features associated with aPL became appreciated [3]. This spectrum was outlined in an editorial by Harris and Bos [4] that accompanied the Greissman report [3]. The authors described two additional patients with “acute disseminated coagulopathy– vasculopathy associated with antiphospholipid syndrome” and identified three cohorts of patients with these antibodies. They recognized that aPL may be “asymptomatic” and observed in patients free of thrombosis or associated with one or two episodes of thrombosis typically involving only one artery or vein at a time with long periods (months to years) free of occlusive events. Alternatively, aPL may confer a risk for an ominous disorder characterized by multiple, typically three or more, wide-spread thrombotic occlusions often with marked ischemic changes in the extremities, livido reticularis, as well as renal, cerebral, myocardial, pulmonary, and other visceral organ thrombotic vasculopathy. Asherson, describing 10 such patients in an article published in 1992, first proposed the term catastrophic APS [5]. Over the past 12 years, several reviews of CAPS have been published [6–9]. It is estimated that CAPS comprises 1% of cases of APS syndrome. To date, approximately 250 cases are described in the literature. In 2000, an international registry of patients with CAPS was created by the European Forum on Antiphospholipid Antibodies and can be referenced via the internet at http://www.med.ub.es/ MIMMUN/FORUM/CAPS.HTM, consisting of 220 patients as of August 1, 2004 [10]. Additionally, a set of classification criteria for CAPS was presented at the 10th International Congress on Antiphospholipid Antibodies in 2002 at Taormina, Sicily (Table 16.1) [11–13]. This chapter will describe the clinical, therapeutic, and pathogenic aspects of this condition.
Video De-Noising Using Fuzzy Technique

The recent advances in representations of video have achieved outstanding de-noising results, but removing real, structured noise in digital videos remains a challenging problem. In video de-noising the goal of proposed algorithm is to achieve an efficient, adaptive and high-quality video de-noising algorithm. In video and television, noise refers to the random dot pattern that is superimposed on the image as a result of electronic noise. Images taken with both digital cameras and conventional cameras will pick up noise from a variety of sources. This paper deals with performance comparison of Median and Wiener Filters in video de-noising for Gaussian noise and Salt & Pepper noise. Several examples were conducted to evaluate the performance of the median filter and wiener filter on Gaussian noise and salt and pepper noise.
Exploring Preventive Power of Ten-Mailuns Actuation in Chan Ding

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) emphasizes more the prevention treatment through Yin-Yang energy balance. Chan practitioners discover the exclusive mailun-driving meridians and heart-brain intervention scheme for achieving Yin-Yang unification in Taoism belief, WuJi state. Wu Ji is the ultimate state that transcends the Yin-Yang balance (Tai-Ji) principle in TCM. This paper for the first time reveals the intrinsic mechanism of heart-to-heart imprint sealing (HHIS) Chan Ding that activates ten-mailuns system to reform the brain and revitalize the physical body. Differing from meditations with brain and mind involved, orthodox Chan-lineage practice aims to liberate true heart inside the organ heart by alternating the dominant role between brain and heart. Through triple-mailuns harmony that effectively universalizes all brain neurons, our brain and mind can be cleansed and reformed into a detached brain manifested in Diamond Sutra. Wu Ji heart for Shen cultivation is accomplished when Yin-Yang energy unifies inside the heart. More than merely brain-neuroplasticity, Chan Ding completely changes the normal brain traits and regenerates a new brain with superior self-healing capabilities that may provide valuable insight into its potential treatments for various physical, psychological and mental ailments. Some remarkable cases including Chan Ding for drug rehabilitation are presented. The basic concept was originally proposed in Heart Sutra and Diamond Sutra that revealed the ultimate guide for liberation from all suffering upon the brain unbinding from five skandhas (five traits of normal, dominating brain). Hypotheses in this paper bring forwards the futurology of probing a detached brain driven by WuJi heart, that actually has been advocated in ancient practices. Ten-mailuns system, the new spiritual anatomy in human body, possesses ultimate prevention ability and therapeutic efficacy, based on the evidences and experiences of thousands of Chan-Ding practitioners.
CANCER CONTROL PROGRAMME IN INDIA : CHALLENGES FOR THE NEW MILLENNIUM

Of the 10 million new cancer cases seen each year worldwide, 4.7 million are in the more developed countries and nearly 5.5 million are in the less developed countries. Although the disease has often been regarded principally as a problem of the developed world, more than half of all cancers occur in the developing countries. In developed countries, cancer is the second most common cause of death, and epidemiological evidence points to the emergence of a similar trend in developing countries (1).
Ion-Acoustic Higher Order Non-Linear Structures in Quantum Dusty Plasma

The prominent features of higher order nonlinear ion-acoustic waves involving quantum corrections in an unmagnetized quantum dusty plasma are revisited with the theoretical framework of Hossain et al. [1]. The fluid model is demonstrated here by its constituent inertial ions, Fermi electrons with quantum effect, and immovable dust grain with negative charge. We have used the ideology of Gardner equation. The well-known RPM method is employed to derive the equation. Indeed, the basic features of quantum dust ion-acoustic Gardner solitons (GSs) are pronounced here. GSs are shown to exist for the value of dust to ion ratio around 2/3 which is valid for space plasma [2], and are different from those of K-dV (Korteweg-de Vries) solitons, which do not exist for the value around 2/3. The implications of our results are suitable for cosmological and astrophysical environments.
The input–output relationship in first language acquisition

This study provides an account of the distributional information and the production rates in a particularly rich corpus of German child and adult language. Three structural domains are analysed: the parts-of-speech distribution for a coded corpus of circa one million words as well as the internal constituency of 300,000 noun phrases and almost 200,000 verb phrases. In all three domains, the distribution over time in the adult input is extremely homogenous. The child shows a steady approximation towards the adult distribution. It is argues that two notions of acquisition have to be distinguished: acquisition in terms of the availability of a given structure, for example in terms of first occurrence of a structure or according to various criteria of productivity, and acquisition in terms of full communicative competence, i.e., using structures in the way adults use them (cf. Slobin, 1991, 1997). The data presented here show that the child acquires not only the structural options of German but also highly conventionalised ways of encoding concepts. The amount of information about the structure and conventions of German that is available in the input has the potential of making innate stipulations unnecessary. Instead, the data support usage-based and probabilistic theories of language and language processing.
Classification of singularities for blowing up solutions in higher dimensions

Consider the Cauchy problem (p) u t − Δu = u p when x ∈ R N , t > 0, N ≥ 1, u(x, 0) = u 0 (x) when x ∈ R N , where p > 1, and u 0 (x) is a continuous, nonnegative and bounded function. It is known that, under fairly general assumptions on u 0 (x), the unique solution of (P), u(x, t), blows up in a finite time, by which we mean that lim sup sup u(x, t) = + ∞. t↑T x ∈ R N In this paper we shall assume that u(x, t) blows up at x = 0, t = T < + ∞, and derive the possible asymptotic behaviours of u(x, t) as (x, t) → (0, T), under general assumptions on the blow-up rate
SEARCH PROBLEMS WITH A PROMISE AND GRAPH

The Graph isomorphism problem is considered from the point of view of the theory of ”problems with a promise”, developed by Even, Selman and Yacobi [4]. The ”tau-invariant” of graphs is studied and with its help the search graph isomorphism problem is solved for asymptotically almost all graphs.