Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variation in black-tailed deer herd composition counts

Herd composition counts are one of the more common methods used to obtain direct measures of deer herd composition that assess herd population status. Thus, I believed it essential to begin to assess shortcomings of herd composition counts. I conducted standardized daylight (early morning) and night spotlight herd composition counts of black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) weekly land Field Station in coastal California in 1981-82. Sex and age ratios varied between daylight and spotlight counts, and across seasons. These results suggested that differential behavior by the sex and age classes biased ratios obtained from herd composition counts. Night spotlight counts were less biased than daylight counts. Replicate counts on the same route will improve precision, but variation for the same season between years suggests that biases will not be corrected by replication, and that use of herd composition results for trend also may be unreliable
Comparisons of Three Manufactured Artificial Reef Units in Onslow Bay, North Carolina

Abstract Three types of benthic artificial reef units were tested by the North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries Artificial Reef Program: steel cubes, fiberglass-covered plastic domes, and concrete pipes. Evaluations were conducted in 1990 and 1991 at two sites in Onslow Bay, North Carolina. Reef materials were compared at the deep site (≥15 m) by quantifying stability, durability, target fish attraction, and cost per unit surface area. Assessment at the shallow site (<15 m) included only stability, durability, and cost per unit surface area. Cubes and domes were stable in shallow (<15 m) waters. Pipes and domes were stable and cubes were unstable in deep waters (≥15 m). Pipes were evaluated only at the deep site, The only structural damage observed was to two domes which were crushed during deployment. Acceptable postdeployment durability was observed for all three materials through 2 years of monitoring. Relative abundance and species richness for target fishes were assessed at the deep site and wer.
Support Vector Regression for the Relationships between Ground Motion Parameters and Macroseismic Intensity in the Sichuan–Yunnan Region

In this paper, a nonlinear regression method called a support vector regression (SVR) is presented to establish the relationship between engineering ground motion parameters and macroseismic intensity (MSI). Sixteen ground motion parameters, including peak ground acceleration (PGA), peak ground velocity (PGV), Arias intensity, Housner intensity, acceleration spectrum intensity, velocity spectrum intensity, and others, are considered as candidates for feature selection to generate optimal SVR models. The datasets with both useable strong ground motion records and corresponding investigated MSIs in the Sichuan–Yunnan region, China, are all collected, and these 125 pairs of datasets are used for selecting features and comparing regression results. Nine ground motion parameters are selected as the most relevant features: PGA is the first fundamental one and PGV is the fifth relevant feature. Based on performance measures on the testing dataset, the best SVR model is given when the number of features is one all the way up to nine. According to predicted accuracy, SVR models with Gaussian kernel give much better MSI prediction than linear kernel SVR models and linear regression models. In particular, the Gaussian kernel SVR of PGA gives much higher MSI prediction accuracy than the linear regression model of PGV and PGA. The proposed SVR models are valid for MSI values from VI to IX, and they can be used for rapid mapping damage potential and reporting seismic intensity for this high-seismic-activity region.
EARLY GENERATION SELECTION FOR PROTEIN IN Glycine max × G. soja CROSSES

Early generation selection for high seed-protein content would be desirable in breeding programs attempting to combine high yield and high protein content in soybeans (Gycine max (L.) Merr. ). The heritability of seed-protein content in the F2 and F3 was measured in four crosses and mass and family selection for protein were compared in the F3 of these crosses. Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc. , a putative wild ancestor of the soybean, was the male parent in all crosses and selection intensity was at 10%. The heritability of protein in the F2, calculated by parent-offspring regression, was 27%. The broad-sense heritability of protein in F3 families grown over two locations in one season was 78%. Mean protein content for every selected population was greater (P ≤ 0.01) than the mean for the non-selected control population (45.3%). Mean protein contents of the F4 populations resulting from these selection methods were: mass selection in the F2 and F3, 48.0%; mass selection in the F3 following one generation of si.
Phosphorus in humped and hollowed soils of the Inchbonnie catchment, West Coast, New Zealand: II. Accounting for losses by different pathways

Abstract Phosphorus (P) is the limiting nutrient for the eutrophication of Lake Brunner, West Coast, New Zealand. In a previous study, the top 7.5 cm of soil in grazed dairy pastures in the Inchbonnie catch‐ment which drains into Lake Brunner was estimated to lose about 20 kg P ha‐1 year‐1. Only some of this goes into waterways and the lake, but how much and in what chemical form is unclear. Hence, my aim was to account for P losses within the farm and estimate potential losses to waterways according to a number of source treatments typical for a dairy pasture. Soil turves and lysimeters were collected, treatments imposed (control, dung equivalent to that deposited during a 24‐h grazing period, superphosphate at 30 kg P ha‐1, and dung plus superphosphate) and subjected to 330 mm of simulated rainfall over a period of 30 days, equivalent to 1 month's rainfall. Total runoff (overland now and subsurface now—shallow leachate in this study—combined) was collected and analysed for dissolved reactive P (DRP), dissolved organic P (DOP), particulate P and total P. More P was lost from the dung + fertiliser treatment than the sum of dung and fertiliser treatments. Dung and fertiliser treatments lost significantly more P than the control. More P was lost via overland flow than leaching. The loss of DOP was more important in leachate than overland flow due to the poorer sorp‐tion of DOP compared to DRP (largely comprised of orthophosphate). When aggregated to a year, P losses were estimated to be 6.6–9.7 kg ha‐1 year‐1 of which 1.6–2.2 kg ha‐1 year‐1 was via leaching. In accounting for P lost from the 0–7.5 cm soil layer of a grazed diary pasture, it was estimated that 7 kg P ha‐1 year‐1 was transferred to the effluent block, while 0.6 kg Pha‐1 year‐1 was estimated as lost via lanes and stream crossings, leaving 2.7–5.8 kg P ha‐1 year‐1 unaccounted for. This was thought to be associated with Plost from, or transferred to, deeper soil layers, effluent ponds or stand‐off or feedpads, but needs to be further investigated. Management practices to mitigate P losses in overland flow and leachate from humped and hollowed paddocks include: maintaining soil Olsen P concentrations at as low a concentration as economically optimal, using low water solubility P fertilisers and keeping cows off wet paddocks as often as practically possible.
Viscoelastic Behavior of Whey Protein Isolates at the Sol‐Gel Transition Point

The flow behavior of whey protein isolates (WPI) was studied in systems processed under different conditions. Experiments were undertaken to study effects of heating conditions (temperature/time), pH, solid content, calcium chloride, and guanidinium hydrochloride addition on the gelation of whey protein isolate solutions. The rheological data demonstrated a power-law frequency dependence of the viscoelastic functions G″ (ω) and G″ (ω) and a frequency-independent tan δ determined from a multi-frequency scan of tan δ vs gelling time at the gel point. The power-law exponents (n) obtained from these dynamic measurements for determining the sol-gel transition point were between 0.62 and 0.69. Those values suggest a percolation mechanism for the gelation process.
The Relationship between Perceived Emotional Intelligence, Work Engagement, Job Satisfaction, and Burnout in Italian School Teachers

The study investigates the relationship between perceived emotional intelligence, burnout, work engagement, and job satisfaction in 238 Italian school teachers. The mean age was 50 years, ranged from 26 to 66 (SD = 9.16). The research protocol included a demographics data sheet, the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS; Wong & Law, 2002), the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI; Kristensen, Borritz, Villadsen, & Christensen, 2005), the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES; Schaufeli, Bakker, & Salanova, 2006), and the Organizational Satisfaction Scale (QSO; Cortese, 2001). Several international studies already demonstrated an association among these variables. Our results showed that perceived emotional intelligence positively correlates with work engagement and job satisfaction, and negatively correlates with burnout. Hierarchical regression analyses also point out that, among all the perceived emotional intelligence subdimensions, the use of emotion is the best predictor of the study variables, even when controlling for gender differences. These results suggest that emotional intelligence may have a protective role in preventing negative working experiences of teachers.
Role of protein kinase C α in calcium induced keratinocyte differentiation: Defective regulation in squamous cell carcinoma

Calcium induces both involucrin and transglutaminase‐K in normal keratinocytes (NHK) but not in squamous carcinoma cell lines (SCC). The protein kinase C (PKC) agonist phorbol myristoyl acetate potentiates and the PKC antagonist Ro31‐8220 blocks the ability of calcium to stimulate the involucrin promoter in normal human keratinocytes but not in SCC4. We thus examined the ability of calcium to regulate the levels of five PKC isozymes in NHK and two SCC. In the normal keratinocytes, the levels of PKC [alpha], PKC [delta], PKC [eta], and PKC [zeta] increased over the first one to two weeks in a calcium‐and time‐dependent manner. PKC [epsilon] decreased in a time‐and calcium‐dependent fashion over the three‐week period. All five isozymes showed little change during culture in SCC4 at any calcium concentration. Calcium and time of culture had partial effects on SCC12B2, a carcinoma that shows partial differentiation characteristics. Since PKC [alpha] is the only calcium responsive PKC isozyme in keratinocytes and most likely to be directly involved in calcium induced differentiation, we evaluated the effect of inhibiting its production with antisense oligonucleotides on calcium‐regulated markers of differentiation. We found that the PKC [alpha] specific antisense oligonucleotide blocked calcium stimulated involucrin promoter activity as well as PKC [alpha], involucrin, and transglutaminase protein production, whereas the sense oligonucleotide control did not. We conclude that although a number of PKC isozymes are regulated during calcium‐induced differentiation, PKC [alpha] plays a necessary role in mediating calcium‐induced differentiation. Failure to regulate PKC [alpha] in SCC4 may underlie at least part of the failure of calcium to promote differentiation in these cells. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Food of and Habitat Use by Juveniles of Species of Micropterus and Morone in a Southwestern Reservoir

Abstract We determined food of and habitat use by juvenile largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, spotted bass Micropterus punctulatus, striped bass Morone saxatilis, and white bass Morone chrysops over a 6-year period (1981–1986) in Lake Texoma, Oklahoma–Texas. Largemouth bass, spotted bass, and white bass are native to the river basin and reservoir, whereas striped bass are introduced. Diet overlap (based on numbers or weight) was highest between the two species of Morone and between the two species of Micropterus, and was also substantial (if based on prey weight) between largemouth bass and striped bass and between largemouth bass and white bass. Diet overlap between field-caught striped bass and largemouth bass was sufficiently high to suggest potential trophic competition between juveniles, but the two species occupied substantially different habitats as juveniles. Spatial segregation seemed sufficient to ameliorate potential competition between the latter two species. A laboratory experiment to tes.
Decoupled and Modular Torque Control of Multi-Three-Phase Induction Motor Drives

In recent years, the development of multi-three-phase drives for both energy production and transportation electrification has gained growing attention. An essential feature of the multi-three-phase drives is their modularity since they can be configured as three-phase units operating in parallel and with a modular control scheme. The so-called multi-stator modeling approach represents a suitable solution for the implementation of modular control strategies able to deal with several three-phase units. Nevertheless, the use of the multi-stator approach leads to relevant coupling terms in the resulting set of equations. To solve this issue, a new decoupling transformation for the decoupled torque control of multi-three-phase induction motor drives is proposed. The experimental validation has been carried out with a modular power converter feeding a 12-phase induction machine prototype (10 kW, 6000 r/min) using a quadruple three-phase stator winding configuration.
Phytochemical screening for secondary metabolites in Boswellia serrata Roxb. and Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) R. Br.

Boswellia serrata, an important source of oleo-gum resin commonly known as Indian olibanum and Wrightia tinctoria are well documented for their pharmaceutical properties . Indiscriminate removal, difficulty in vegetative propagation and poor germination accounts for the depletion of useful plant species. Plant tissue culture techniques are used as an alternative method for the production of specific metabolites and also for the propagation of plant species at a large scale. In the present study preliminary screening for the presence of secondary metabolites was reported in order to understand the levels of phytochemicals, so that in vitro production of secondary metabolites using cell cultures will be initiated in future studies. Both qualitative and quantitative analysis of the two plants show the presence of all the three major groups of secondary metabolites, like nitrogen containing alkaloids, phenolic compounds like flavonoids, tannins, terpenes like steroids, saponins etc. Significant levels of all three major secondary metabolites were present in both species. However, higher activities of phenols (277.0±4.36), tannins (240.67±5.21), alkaloids (963.3±11.7) and flavonoids (150.0±2.89) were observed in B. serrata . All the three major groups of secondary metabolites in both species demonstrate the rich content of many useful biochemicals like pharmaceuticals, flavors, fragrances, agricultural chemicals etc. However, higher quantities in B. serrata indicates its richness in medicinal properties over W. tinctoria.
Inter‐population dispersal by adult stoneflies detected by stable isotope enrichment

SUMMARY 1. Dispersal of adult stream insects may be of considerable importance in regional population dynamics and colonisation of new sites, but quantifying the rate and extent of dispersal is difficult. 2. We used stable isotope ( 15 N) enrichment to mark more than 1.5 million larval stoneflies (Leuctra inermis) before they emerged from an upland stream in the Plynlimon area of midWales, in order to determine directly the rate and pattern of inter-site dispersal. 3. A small number of isotopically enriched adult stoneflies were captured in samples taken at adjacent streams between 800 m and 1.1 km away from the source population, including a headwater of a different river system. 4. The distribution of marked individuals suggested that wind influences dispersal direction in the uplands, but the low number of captures limits our ability to draw firm conclusions. 5. This is the first direct demonstration of dispersal of insects between streams. The dispersal distances recorded were significantly greater than those suggested by previous direct studies, but much more consistent with indirect studies based on genetic differentiation of populations.
Impacts of Weather on Short-Term Metro Passenger Flow Forecasting Using a Deep LSTM Neural Network

Metro systems play a key role in meeting urban transport demands in large cities. The close relationship between historical weather conditions and the corresponding passenger flow has been widely analyzed by researchers. However, few studies have explored the issue of how to use historical weather data to make passenger flow forecasting more accurate. To this end, an hourly metro passenger flow forecasting model using a deep long short-term memory neural network (LSTM_NN) was developed. The optimized traditional input variables, including the different temporal data and historical passenger flow data, were combined with weather variables for data modeling. A comprehensive analysis of the weather impacts on short-term metro passenger flow forecasting is discussed in this paper. The experimental results confirm that weather variables have a significant effect on passenger flow forecasting. It is interesting to find out that the previous variables of one-hour temperature and wind speed are the two most important weather variables to obtain more accurate forecasting results on rainy days at Taipei Main Station, which is a primary interchange station in Taipei. Compared to the four widely used algorithms, the deep LSTM_NN is an extremely powerful method, which has the capability of making more accurate forecasts when suitable weather variables are included.
Carbon and Nitrogen Scope for Growth as A Function of Diet in the Sea Scallop Placopecten Magellanicus

Laboratory feeding experiments with the sea scallop Placopecten magellanicus were carried out to compare scope for growth (SFG) to measured growth and determine the effect of diet on carbon and nitrogen SFG. Diets consisting of cultured phytoplankton, kelp detritus, and resuspended sediment were provided daily for 52 days (October-December). Measurements of clearance rate, absorption efficiency, respiration, O/N ratio, and carbon and nitrogen content of diets and scallop tissue were used to construct carbon and nitrogenbudgets for each diet. Growth coefficients were calculated from change in tissue weight during the study period.
Genetic Relationship between Masu and Amago Salmon Examined through Sequence Analysis of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA

Abstract Historically, the taxonomy and nomenclature of Japanese salmon have been in a state of confusion. Masu, amago and biwa salmon have been variously classified as distinct species, subspecies, or often conflicting or overlapping combinations of the two. In particular, the taxonomy of masu and amago salmon is obscured by their similarity in ecological and morphological traits. Here, DNA sequence analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA were applied to clarify the genetic relationship between masu and amago salmon. No fixed differences were detected in the mitochondrial ND3 gene and control (D-loop) region, or in the nuclear growth hormone type-2 gene (GH2). However, the frequency of single nucleotide substitution alleles within GHZ intron C and size variants at a microsatellite locus nested within intron D differed markedly, providing genetic evidence to support a taxonomic distinction between the two types. The genetic data were related to previous mitochondrial DNA sequence analyses and alternative classification schemes for masu and amago salmon. The best-supported scheme arranges the two types as subspecies; masu as Oncorhynchus masou masou Brevoort and amago as Oncorhynchus masou ishikawae Jordan and McGregor.
Germ-line versus somatic cells. I. Stereological study of differentiating embryonic tissues of Tetrodontophora bielanensis (Hexapoda, Collembola)

We examined five different somatic tissues and compared them with germ-line cells to verify the "disposable soma" theory. Two embryonic stages and second-stage juveniles of Tetrodontophora bielanensis Waga, 1842 (Hexapoda, Collembola) were studied. Our results show that changes in relative volume of mitochondria during differentiation of cells correlate well with transformations of cell morphology. During morphological transformation of differentiating somatic cells, the relative volume of mitochondria in their cytoplasm is high, whereas in the differentiated tissues, this parameter is much lower. Surprisingly, the highest value of relative volume density of mitochondria is found in the cytoplasm of germ-line cells. If we accept that this parameter indicates the cell metabolism rate, then our results should be taken as supporting the "disposable soma" theory. It is also conceivable that the higher volume of mitochondria in the germ-line cells have nothing to do with energy production but, for instance, wi.
Maternal and fetal fatty acid composition in ovine muscle tissues

Abstract In species characterized by a cotyledonary placenta, as sheep, the relative contribution of maternally derived and placenta synthesized fatty acids is not fully understood. For this reason, the FA composition of mother muscle and the deposition of FA in the fetal muscle were studied by gas-chromatography. Five pregnant Sarda ewes were slaughtered at approximately 145 days of pregnancy. Semitendinosus, semimembranosus and femoral biceps muscles were immediately removed from ewes and fetuses. Data were analyzed by a paired t-test, to detect differences in FA composition between fetus and mother tissues. Results showed that FA profile of fat muscle differed markedly between fetus and mother. The intramuscular fat content were 6.38% and 11.79% on DM basis in fetus and mother muscle, respectively. Linoleic (LA; 18:2n-6), and linolenic (ALA; 18:3n-3) acid were found at smaller concentrations in fetus (0.77 and 0.01 mg/100 mg total FA for LA and ALA, respectively) than in maternal muscle (5.55 and 1.04 for LA and ALA, respectively). On the contrary, a higher proportion of their long-chain polyunsaturated metabolites, like arachidonic (AA; 20:4n-6) and docoexadienoic (DHA; 22:6n-3) acid in fetus compared to mother tissue (AA, 2.32 vs 1.30; DHA, 0.83 vs 0.09 mg/100 mg total FA) indicates a preferential fetal accumulation of those FA which are important for fetuses growth and central nervous system development. The c9,t11 Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomer concentration in mother tissue was 0.72 mg/100 mg FA. It was found also in fetus muscle (0.11 mg/100 mg total FA) suggesting a transplacental fatty acid passage to fetal tissues or a desaturation activity on vaccenic acid (VA; 18:1 t11) in the placental or in the fetal tissue. Surprisingly, the c9,t11-CLA was not the most abundant CLA isomer found in fetus fat. Others CLA isomers, separated but not identified, were found in concentration of 0.17, 0.15 and 0.53 mg/100 mg of FA. Concentrations of these CLA isomers were lower in mother tissue (0.12, 0.05 and 0.10 mg/100 mg of FA). The concentration of VA was 0.46 and 0.90 in fetus and mother muscle, respectively. Correlation analysis between FA profile of mothers and fetuses evidenced a close relationship only for odd-numbered long-chain fatty (r = -0.72 for C15:0 and r = -0.88 for C17:0). The results suggested a different FA metabolism in the muscle tissue of mother and fetus in dairy sheep.