Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CD47 is a ligand for rat macrophage membrane signal regulatory protein SIRP (OX41) and human SIRPα 1

The rat OX41 antigen is a cell surface protein containing three immunoglobulin superfamily domains and intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine‐based inhibitory motifs (ITIM). It is a homologue of the human signal‐regulatory protein (SIRP) also known as SHPS‐1, BIT or MFR. Cell activation‐induced phosphorylation of the intracellular ITIM motifs induces association with the tyrosine phosphatases SHP‐1 and SHP‐2. To identify the physiological OX41 ligand, recombinant OX41‐CD4d3+4 fusion protein was coupled to fluorescent beads to produce a multivalent cell binding reagent. The OX41‐CD4d3+4 beads bound to thymocytes and concanavalin A‐stimulated splenocytes. This interaction was blocked by the monoclonal antibody (mAb) OX101. Affinity chromatography with OX101 mAb and peptide sequencing revealed the rat SIRP ligand to be CD47 (integrin‐associated protein). A direct interaction between human SIRP and human CD47 was demonstrated using purified recombinant proteins and surface plasmon resonance ruling out the involvement of other proteins known to be associated with CD47. The affinity of the SIRP/CD47 interaction was Kd ≈ 8 μM at 37°C with a koff ≥2.1 s–1. The membrane‐distal SIRP V‐like domain was sufficient for binding to CD47.
Microgrid test setup and procedures implemented on a real pilot project

This paper presents various concepts related to the application of a microgrid pilot project in a residential condominium at Fortaleza / CE - Brazil, such as battery energy system, renewable and distributed generation, islanding recloser and all different units using interface based on power electronics. The main objective is creating information about the operation of the microgrid and the interaction between its main equipment, such as grid-forming power converter, grid-feeding power converter and the utility energy distribution system, as well as among the units responsible for the control algorithms and changes in operating mode. This information will be important for understanding the need to construct the test setup. To perform the test procedures, a temporary setup in a controlled environment within the microgrid is proposed. During the test periods, intentional power outages are required to evaluate the operating mode switching on each unit. The test setup described in this paper aims to mitigate the effect of the tests on other residential units inside the condominium.
Response of failing canine and human heart cells to beta 2-adrenergic stimulation.

BACKGROUND Failing human hearts lose beta 1- but not beta 2-adrenergic receptors. In canine hearts with tachypacing failure, the ratio of beta 2- to beta 1-adrenergic receptors is increased. The present study was designed to determine whether heart failure increases sensitivity to beta 2-adrenergic stimulation in isolated canine ventricular cardiomyocytes and to verify that myocytes from failing human ventricles contain functional beta 2-adrenergic receptors. METHODS AND RESULTS Myocytes from healthy dogs, dogs with tachypacing failure, and human transplant recipients were loaded with fura 2-AM and subjected to electric field stimulation in the presence of zinterol, a highly selective beta 2-adrenergic agonist. Zinterol significantly increased [Ca2+]i transient amplitudes in all three groups. The failing canine myocytes were significantly more responsive than normal to beta 2-adrenergic stimulation. We also measured isotonic twitches, indo-1 fluorescence transients, and L-type Ca2+ currents in healthy canine myocytes. Zinterol (10(-5) mol/L) elicited large increases in the amplitudes of simultaneously recorded twitches and [Ca2+]i transients. Zinterol also increased L-type Ca2+ currents in the normal canine myocytes; this augmentation was abolished by 10(-7) mol/L ICI 118,551. cAMP production by suspensions of healthy and failing canine myocytes was not increased by zinterol (10(-9) to 10(-5) mol/L), nor did 10(-5) mol/L zinterol elicit phospholamban phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Failing human ventricular cardiomyocytes contain functional beta 2-adrenergic receptors. Canine myocytes also contain functional beta 2-adrenergic receptors. The canine ventricular response to beta 2-agonists is increased in tachypacing failure. Positive inotropic responses to beta 2-stimulation are not mediated by increases in cAMP or cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of phospholamban.
The complexity of PTEN: mutation, marker and potential target for therapeutic intervention

Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a phosphatase that removes phosphates primarily from lipids. It has also been called mutated in multiple advanced cancers 1 and transforming growth factor-β regulated epithelial cell-enriched phosphatase 1. The best described substrate of PTEN is phosphatidyliniositol (3,4,5)-tris-phosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)P3]. PTEN removes the phosphate in PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 to generate PtdIns(4,5)P2. PTEN serves to counter-balance the effects of phosphoinositide 3′ kinase, which normally adds a phosphate to PtdIns(4,5)P2 to generate PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 recruits kinases such as phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1, which in turn phosphorylate Akt, which phosphorylates other downstream proteins involved in regulation of apoptosis and cell-cycle progression. PTEN removal of the phosphate from PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 inhibits this pathway by preventing localisation of proteins with pleckstrin homology domains to the cell membrane. Alterations of the PTEN gene are associated with cancer and other diseases. Novel therapeutic approaches have been developed to counteract the deletion/mutation of PTEN in human cancer. This review will discuss the role of PTEN in signal transduction and cancer as well as pharmacological approaches to combat PTEN loss in human cancer.
Including pedestrian and bicycle traffic into the traffic simulation SUMO

Being available since 2002, the open source traffic simulation SUMO has gained a state of being accepted by a large community. Albeit SUMO allows to model inter-modal trip chains for individually simulated persons it still lacks models for the dynamics of pedestrians and bicycles as well as for the interaction between these traffic modes and motorised traffic. Closing this gap is one of the tasks scheduled within the COLOMBO project. This paper outlines the requirements put on a pedestrian model, list available prerequisites that are used, and show currently followed approaches for implementing pedestrian models into SUMO.
Évaluation des thérapeutiques endodontiques : enquête de pratique à partir des radiogrammes

Objectifs: Realiser une evaluation qualitative des traitements endodontiques a partir des cliches radiographiques postoperatoires, decrire la frequence des inadequations operatoires radiographiquement objectivables et analyser les donnees declaratives des praticiens traitants concernant notamment les retraitements endodontiques et les radiographies pratiquees. Methode: L'information a ete recueillie a partir des questionnaires et de la lecture des radiogrammes fournis par les chirurgiens-dentistes traitants. Le referentiel d'analyse, elabore a partir d'une revue de la litterature, a ete presente a la Societe francaise d'endodontie. Les traitements endodontiques ont ete evalues au regard de la preparation, du scellement et des consequences iatrogenes radiovisibles. Resultats: 97,3 % des praticiens interroges ont repondu aux questionnaires et 1 244 traitements endodontiques ont ete analyses. 24,8 % de ces traitements ne presentaient aucun defaut radiovisible et 36,3% presentaient au moins un defaut majeur avec ou sans consequence iatrogene. Les reprises de traitement representaient 24,9 % des traitements endodontiques analyses. Un lien existait entre la qualite de la preparation et celle du scellement. Seulement 19,0 % des actes etaient realises avec au moins trois cliches pre-, per- et postoperatoire, conformement aux recommandations de l'Agence nationale pour le developpement de l'evaluation medicale. Ce sont ces traitements qui presentaient significativement le moins de defauts radiovisibles. Conclusion: Cette etude a mis en evidence l'ecart existant entre les conceptions cliniques actuelles et la pratique courante.
Inverse probability‐of‐censoring weights for the correction of time‐varying noncompliance in the effect of randomized highly active antiretroviral therapy on incident AIDS or death

In 1996–1997, the AIDS Clinical Trial Group 320 study randomized 1156 HIV‐infected U.S. patients to combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) or highly active ART with equal probability. Ninety‐six patients incurred AIDS or died, 51 (4 per cent) dropped out, and 290 (=51 + 239, 25 per cent) dropped out or stopped their assigned therapy for reasons other than toxicity during a 52‐week follow‐up. Such noncompliance likely results in null‐biased estimates of intent‐to‐treat hazard ratios (HR) of AIDS or death comparing highly active ART with combination ART, which were 0.75 (95 per cent confidence limits [CL]: 0.43, 1.31), 0.30 (95 per cent CL: 0.15, 0.60), and 0.51 (95 per cent CL: 0.33, 0.77) for follow‐up within 15 weeks, beyond 15 weeks, and overall, respectively. Noncompliance correction using Robins and Finkelstein's (RF) inverse probability‐of‐censoring weights (where participants are censored at dropout or when first noncompliant) yielded estimated HR of 0.46 (95 per cent CL: 0.25, 0.85), 0.43 (95 per cent CL: 0.19, 0.96), and 0.45 (95 per cent CL: 0.27, 0.74) for follow‐up within 15 weeks, beyond 15 weeks, and overall, respectively. Weights were estimated conditional on measured age, sex, race, ethnicity, prior Zidovudine use, randomized arm, baseline and time‐varying CD4 cell count, and time‐varying HIV‐related symptoms. Noncompliance corrected results were 63 and 13 per cent farther from the null value of one than intent‐to‐treat results within 15 weeks and overall, respectively, and resolve the apparent non‐proportionality in intent‐to‐treat results. Inverse probability‐of‐censoring weighted methods could help to resolve discrepancies between compliant and noncompliant randomized evidence, as well as between randomized and observational evidence, in a variety of biomedical fields. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Full-state feedback linearization and backstepping control of nonlinear Markovian jump systems

This paper investigates the full-state feedback linearization and backstepping control design problems for a class of nonlinear Markovian jump systems. According to the proposed relative degree set definition, the system can be transformed into the canonical form through the appropriate coordinate changes following with the Markovian switchings, i.e., the system can be full-state feedback linearized in every jump mode with respect to the relative degree set {n, . , n}. Then, a stabilizing control is designed through applying the backstepping technique, which guarantees the asymptotically stability of nonlinear Markovian jump systems.
Harvesting human adipose tissue-derived adult stem cells: resection versus liposuction.

BACKGROUND Adipose tissue is an abundant source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), which can be used for tissue-engineering purposes. The aim of our study was to determine the more suitable procedure, surgical resection or liposuction, for harvesting human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hASC) with regard to viability, cell count and differentiation potential. METHODS After harvesting hASC, trypan blue staining and cell counting were carried out. Subsequently, hASC were cultured, analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and differentiated under adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic conditions. Histologic and functional analyzes were performed at the end of the differentiation period. RESULTS No significant difference was found with regard to the cell counts of hASC from liposuction and surgically resected material (P=0.086). The percentage of viable cells was significantly higher for liposuction aspirates than for resection material (P=0.002). No significant difference was found in the adipogenic differentiation potential (P=0.179). A significantly lower number of cultures obtained from liposuction material than from resection material could be differentiated into osteocytes (P=0.049) and chondrocytes (P=0.012). DISCUSSION Even though some lineages from lipoaspirated hASC can not be differentiated as frequently as those from surgically resected material, liposuction may be superior for some tissue-engineering purposes, particularly because of the less invasive harvesting procedure, the higher percentage of viable cells and the fact that there is no significant difference between lipoaspirated and resected hASC with regard to adipogenic differentiation potential.
Arrhythmias in the elderly: modern management.

frequently in elderly people, even those without a history of cardiac or other diseases, as a result of the degenerative changes to which the ageing heart is subjected. However, most cardiac arrhythmias in the elderly are the consequence of hypertension or coronary artery disease. Problems of the cardiovascular system that are related to ageing, such as vascular stiffness, a reduced ‚-adrenergic cardiovascular response, an increased dependency on the atrial contribution to left ventricular diastolic filling, and a greater likelihood of coronary artery disease, are all factors that exacerbate the symptoms and worsen the prognosis when arrhythmias appear. In the elderly, arrhythmias are a significant cause of falls, physical disability, and frequent hospital admissions. Recent developments in the treatment of both supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias can also find important application in elderly patients.
A Review: Enterprise Resource Planning Impacts On Innovation Types In SMEs

In today's unpredictable business environment, enterprises face the challenge of innovatively expanding markets and meeting customers' requirements and expectations. Innovation is the one concept which is fundamental for economic growth and can lead to competitive advantage to enterprises. Therefore, in its larger scale, innovation plays a significant role in economic development. Purposes of this paper are to: 1) Review innovation types in manufacturing sector, 2) Review innovation enablers, 3) Identify ERP system as an innovation enabler, 4) Study ERP system and KM interactions and, 5) Present a theoretical model of ERP systems' impacts on innovation types.
Filipino explanatory models of cleft lip with or without cleft palate.

OBJECTIVE To describe beliefs about the cause, prevention, and treatment of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL+/-P) among working class people and health care workers in the Philippines. DESIGN AND SETTING The study was a focused ethnography and took place in the province of Negros Occidental, Philippines. PARTICIPANTS Using a stratified purposeful recruitment strategy, 80 individuals were selected for study. They were categorized into three groups: those having a CL+/-P or a child with a CL+/-P, those who neither had a CL+/-P nor child with CL+/-P, and health care workers. METHODS Kleinman's explanatory models of illness theory were used to elicit Filipino explanations for CL+/-P. Data were collected through guided individual and group informant interviews and analyzed through content analysis. RESULTS Filipinos reported that inheritance, falls, cravings, environmental factors, and God's will were causes for CL+/-P. Beliefs about prevention of CL+/-P included limiting the number of children, being careful not to fall, and avoiding environmental factors. It was found that general causal explanations for CL+/-P were not always congruent with personal causal explanations, and general/personal causal explanations for CL+/-P were not always congruent with prevention explanations. CONCLUSION By eliciting patients' explanations for CL+/-P and comparing these with their own, clinicians can find commonalities between divergent explanations and use these as a starting point from which to improve health outcomes. Findings from this study will be used to guide the design of health campaigns regarding CL+/-P in the Philippines.
Fault‐tolerant spanners for ad hoc networks

Spanners for ad hoc networks provide several benefits such as low communication cost and resource consumption. These spanners need to be fault tolerant in resource‐constrained ad hoc networks. In this paper, we have proposed three spanners, called fault‐tolerant local Delaunay triangulation (FTLDel), fault‐tolerant relative neighborhood graph (FTRNG), and fault‐tolerant Gabriel graph (FTGG). The fault‐tolerant spanners provide reliability to the network by avoiding heavy packet loss and retaining useful geometric properties. The performance of fault‐tolerant spanners FTLDel, FTRNG, and FTGG are evaluated using the network simulator ns2.28. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS

Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) catalyzes the phosphorolytic cleavage of thymidine (TdR) to thymine and deoxyribose-1-phosphate (dR-1-P). TP, which is overexpressed in a wide variety of solid tumors, is involved in the activation and inactivation of fluoropyrimidines. We investigated the role of TP in 5’-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5’DFUR), 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and trifluorothymidine (TFT) sensitivity. TP had no effect on TFT while it activated 5’DFUR and to a lesser extent 5FU. In order to provide an explanation for this difference in activation of 5’DFUR and 5FU, we studied the role of the 5FU co-substrate, dR-1-P, needed for its activation.
A 1-V 8-bit 0.95mW successive approximation ADC for biosignal acquisition systems

In this paper, a 1-V 8-bit 10 kS/s successive approximation (SA) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with ultra-low power characteristic is implemented for biosignal acquisition systems. To decrease power consumption, a passive sample-and-hold (SH) circuit and an opamp-free, capacitor-based digital-to-analog converter (DAC) are utilized. The only active circuit, a comparator, is implemented in the sub-threshold region to preserve the required bias current. According to the measured results, the ADC has a signal-to-noise distortion ratio (SNDR) of 45.2 dB, and peak spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) of 54 dB for a 1 kHz 500 mVpp input sine wave. The effective number of bits (ENOB) is 7.2. Its differential nonlinearity (DNL) and integral nonlinearity (INL) are −0.41/+0.38 and −0.89/+0.6 LSB, respectively. The total power consumption is 950 nW, and the figure of merit (FOM) is 3230 fJ/conversion-step. The active area, which is 0.93 × 0.93 mm2, is determined by using TSMC 0. 18µm 1P6M CMOS process.
Double trouble in hereditary neuropathy: concomitant mutations in the PMP-22 gene and another gene produce novel phenotypes.

BACKGROUND Mutations in the peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP-22) gene are the most common cause of Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy and may rarely occur in combination with other neurogenetic diseases. OBJECTIVE To characterize 3 families having a mutation in PMP-22 in addition to another neurogenetic disease mutation. DESIGN Clinical, electrophysiologic, and genetic evaluations were made of 3 families with more than 1 genetic neuromuscular disease. SETTING AND PATIENTS Family members were evaluated in neurogenetic and muscular dystrophy clinics in a university medical center setting. RESULTS Three unusual families were found: (1) 2 young brothers each having a PMP-22 duplication and a missense mutation in the GJB1 (Connexin-32) gene; (2) a 32-year-old woman having a PMP-22 duplication and a 1000-fold CTG repeat expansion in the DMPK gene (DM1 myotonic dystrophy); and (3) a 39-year-old man with a PMP-22 deletion and a missense mutation in the ABCD1 gene (adrenomyeloneuropathy). The mutations were "additive," causing a more severe phenotype than expected with each individual disease and coinciding with the important impact of each gene on peripheral nerve function. CONCLUSIONS Individuals having 2 separate mutations in neuromuscular disease-related genes may develop unusually severe phenotypes. Neurologists should be alert to this possibility.
Niver Lines: A System-Dynamics Approach to Tanker Freight Modeling

Managers can improve their investment decisions in a cyclical market, such as the tanker market, by using system-dynamics models. We developed and implemented a system-dynamics model for the tanker market for Niver Lines. We combine entry, exit, and lay-up decisions, and determine the flow of transportation supply. Then, we compare supply and demand and calibrate the system. We derived time-charter rates from the interaction of supply and demand using historical data from 1980 through 2002. Our results reveal the key factors that affect tanker rates and unforeseen dynamics. The model is a powerful tool for modeling the impact of changes in various factors on time-charter rates.
Comparing Reports From Hip-Fracture Patients and Their Proxies

Objective: This study compared sex differences in disability and depressive symptoms using reports from hip fracture patients and their proxies. Method: Hip fracture patients (49 men, 183 women) aged ≥65 years and proxies were interviewed 1 year postfracture. Outcomes were Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) and number of dependencies in performing activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living. Results: Mean ADL sex differences (men minus women) were 0.40 (p = .37) using proxy reports and 0.70 (p = .08) using patient self-reports. Mean CES-D sex differences were −3.60 (p = .02) using proxy reports and −1.26 (p = .38) using patient self-reports. Discrepancies between patients and proxies were smallest for proxies who have lived with the patient ≥ 1 year. Discussion: Patients and proxies produced conflicting conclusions about sex differences. Results suggest that ideal proxies to recruit are those who have been cohabitating with the patients for an extended length of time.
Trends and Vision of Head Mounted Display in Augmented Reality

This article introduces research trends and future visions of head mounted displays (HMDs) for mixed and augmented reality. Specifically, studies on head mounted visual displays, head mounted multi-modal displays, and head mounted sensing technologies for mixed and augmented reality are introduced, and challenges and visions are discussed for the realization of better MR/AR experience.