Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of the Heart Rhythm Disorders by Using Hybrid Classifiers

In this study, it was tried to identify some heart rhythm disorders by electrocardiography (ECG) data that is taken from MIT-BIH arrhythmia database by subtracting the required features, presenting to artificial neural networks (ANN), artificial immune systems (AIS), artificial neural network based on artificial immune system (AIS-ANN) and particle swarm optimization based artificial neural network (PSO-NN) classifier systems. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of hybrid AIS-ANN and PSO-ANN classifiers with regard to the ANN and AIS. For this purpose, the normal sinus rhythm (NSR), atrial premature contraction (APC), sinus arrhythmia (SA), ventricular trigeminy (VTI), ventricular tachycardia (VTK) and atrial fibrillation (AF) data for each of the RR intervals were found. Then these data in the form of pairs (NSR-APC, NSR-SA, NSR-VTI, NSR-VTK and NSR-AF) is created by combining discrete wavelet transform which is applied to each of these two groups of data and two different data sets with 9 and 27 features were obtained from each of them after data reduction. Afterwards, the data randomly was firstly mixed within themselves, and then 4-fold cross validation method was applied to create the training and testing data. The training and testing accuracy rates and training time are compared with each other. As a result, performances of the hybrid classification systems, AIS-ANN and PSO-ANN were seen to be close to the performance of the ANN system. Also, the results of the hybrid systems were much better than AIS, too. However, ANN had much shorter period of training time than other systems. In terms of training times, ANN was followed by PSO-ANN, AIS-ANN and AIS systems respectively. Also, the features that extracted from the data affected the classification results significantly.
The Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Transducer BBF2H7 Suppresses Apoptosis by Activating the ATF5-MCL1 Pathway in Growth Plate Cartilage*

Background: The endoplasmic reticulum stress transducer BBF2H7 is expressed in proliferating chondrocytes. Results: Apoptosis is promoted in the cartilage of Bbf2h7−/− mice. BBF2H7 activates Atf5 transcription, followed by apoptosis suppression. Conclusion: BBF2H7 plays crucial roles in suppressing ER stress-induced apoptosis. Significance: BBF2H7 acts as a bifunctional regulator to promote cartilage extracellular matrix protein secretion and inhibit ER stress-induced apoptosis. BBF2H7 (box B-binding factor 2 human homolog on chromosome 7) is a basic leucine zipper transmembrane transcription factor that belongs to the cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB)/activating transcription factor (ATF) family. This novel endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress transducer is localized in the ER and is cleaved in its transmembrane region in response to ER stress. BBF2H7 has been shown to be expressed in proliferating chondrocytes in cartilage during the development of long bones. The target of BBF2H7 is Sec23a, one of the coat protein complex II components. Bbf2h7-deficient (Bbf2h7−/−) mice exhibit severe chondrodysplasia, with expansion of the rough ER in proliferating chondrocytes caused by impaired secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. We observed a decrease in the number of proliferating chondrocytes in the cartilage of Bbf2h7−/− mice. TUNEL staining of the cartilage showed that apoptosis was promoted in Bbf2h7−/− chondrocytes. Atf5 (activating transcription factor 5), another member of the CREB/ATF family and an antiapoptotic factor, was also found to be a target of BBF2H7 in chondrocytes. ATF5 activated the transcription of Mcl1 (myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1), which belongs to the antiapoptotic B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 family, to suppress apoptosis. Finally, we found that the BBF2H7-ATF5-MCL1 pathway specifically suppressed ER stress-induced apoptosis in chondrocytes. Taken together, our findings indicate that BBF2H7 is activated in response to ER stress caused by synthesis of abundant ECM proteins and plays crucial roles as a bifunctional regulator to accelerate ECM protein secretion and suppress ER stress-induced apoptosis by activating the ATF5-MCL1 pathway during chondrogenesis.
Syllabification in Speech Production: Evaluation of WEAVER

Models of speech production differ in their claims about syllabification. In a memory-based approach such as that advanced by Dell (1986, 1988), the syllable structure of each word is stored in the mental lexicon. In contrast, according to a rule-based approach, planning of speech involves the assignment of syllable positions to segments after they have been retrieved for a word from memory (e.g. Levelt, 1992). Here, a case is made for the rule-based approach of the WEAVER model of speech production (Roelofs, 1994, in press a). First, I argue that cross-morpheme and cross-word syllabification point to the need to deal with flexibility of syllable membership and therefore pose difficulty to a memory-based approach but not to WEAVER. Secondly, I review empirical support for the specific form of syllabification realised in WEAVER. Thirdly, I report a new experiment on syllabification, which supports WEAVER rather than Dell's model. Finally, the issue of resyllabification is discussed.
A FORMAL ENTERPRISE MODEL FOR PROJECT-ORIENTED MANAGEMENT OF BATCH PLANTS

Intense competition and rapid environmental changes are revealing severe limitations and drawbacks of the hierarchical and functional-oriented management system currently used by the vast majority of batch plants. In this work, a formal modeling framework for batch plants using projects and situation calculus is proposed. Projects are autonomous, temporary entities within the enterprise, in which different types of expertise are combined to achieve a concrete set of goals or deliverables. Situation calculus is used to represent the plethora of dynamic relationships involving projects, resources, actors etc. at different levels of abstraction over time. The use of a formal language permits to define the enterprise model specifications for rigorous reasoning about batch plant structure and behavior. The proposed framework is exemplified with a case study comprising a dairy facility that involves the production of 100+ different fresh products using an order-driven management system.
THE EFFECT OF DIETARY SODIUM IN INFANCY ON BLOOD PRESSURE AND RELATED FACTORS: Studies of Infants Fed Salted and Unsalted Diets for Five Months at Eight Months and Eight Years of Age

The results of animal and epidemiological studies suggest commercially salted infant foods may predispose infants to hypertension. Testing this hypothesis, two groups of black male infants were fed identical foods with and without added salt for 5 months starting at 3 months of age. These diets, which provided 1.93±0.10 and 9.25±0.05 mEq Na/100 kcal, did not result in a significant difference in blood pressure at 8 months or 8 years of age. Blood pressure was significantly correlated with weight factors, particularly at 8 years, but not with Na intake, Na or Na/K excretion or plasma renin at 8 months.
Learning and Broadband Internet Connections for Rural Users

The increase in computer technology during the past 40 to 50 years has been nothing short of phenomenal. In 1958 this researcher was working as a computer operator for the Douglas Aircraft Company in California. That year when the company replaced its IBM 701 with the 704, this new mainframe computer was considered by many as the world’s first super-computer and the first to use floating-point hardware (Bellis, 2004). Its magnetic core memory was considered so fast and reliable and its ability to interface with card readers, multiple magnetic disk drives, and tape drives so enhanced the computing power that the company added two dozen new Fortran programmers just to keep up with the enlarged capability. However, in most respects that was only the very beginning of computer technology growth and a subsequent impact on society. Today most people who can access even a low end laptop or desktop has many times the capability of the nearly 100 people who ran, supported, or programmed for that IBM 704.
Idiopathic acquired sideroblastic anemia terminating in acute myelosclerosis

Acute myelosclerosis is an unusual myeloproliferative syndrome characterized by pancytopenia, absence of massive hepatosplenomegaly, and an absence of tear‐drop poikilocytes. The marrow is usually fibrotic with atypical megakaryocytic proliferation and trilinear dyspoiesis. Median survival is approximately six months from onset of symptoms. The authors report a case of acute myelosclerosis that evolved in a patient two and one‐half years after the onset of idiopathic acquired sideroblastic anemia. A review of the other previously reported case of this unusual transformation and comments on the pathogenesis of the transformation from idiopathic acquired sideroblastic anemia to acute myelofibrosis are included.
Unravelling the peculiarities of island life: vicariance, dispersal and the diversification of the extinct and extant giant Galápagos tortoises

In isolated oceanic islands, colonization patterns are often interpreted as resulting from dispersal rather than vicariant events. Such inferences may not be appropriate when island associations change over time and new islands do not form in a simple linear trend. Further complexity in the phylogeography of ocean islands arises when dealing with endangered taxa as extinctions, uncertainty on the number of evolutionary ‘units’, and human activities can obscure the progression of colonization events. Here, we address these issues through a reconstruction of the evolutionary history of giant Galápagos tortoises, integrating DNA data from extinct and extant species with information on recent human activities and newly available geological data. Our results show that only three of the five extinct or nearly extinct species should be considered independent evolutionary units. Dispersal from mainland South America started at approximately 3.2 Ma after the emergence of the two oldest islands of San Cristobal and Española. Dispersal from older to younger islands began approximately 1.74 Ma and was followed by multiple colonizations from different sources within the archipelago. Vicariant events, spurred by island formation, coalescence, and separation, contributed to lineage diversifications on Pinzón and Floreana dating from 1.26 and 0.85 Ma. This work provides an example of how to reconstruct the history of endangered taxa in spite of extinctions and human‐mediated dispersal events and highlights the need to take into account both vicariance and dispersal when dealing with organisms from islands whose associations are not simply explained by a linear emergence model.
Best practice in the car after‐sales service

This is the second part of a study which looks at car after‐sales service in Germany. The study is based on a benchmarking project which included four key players, Fiat AG, Nissan Deutschland, Toyota GmbH and Ford Werke AG. Examines the effectiveness of policies of after‐sales service as adopted by Toyota GmbH and Ford Werke AG. The criteria used covered product policies, distribution, promotion service, price and environmental issues. The effectiveness of each applied set of policies was measured by examining financial results and by asking the participants themselves to establish their ranking using all the above criteria. Concludes with proposed improvements to car after‐sales service, based on best practice.
A low noise front-end for multiplexed ENG recording using CMOS technology

Multi-electrode cuffs (MECs) have been proposed as a means for the parallel recording of naturally-occurring neural signals. Compared to a conventional tripole cuff providing a single channel signal, additional information about the velocity and direction of nerve signals can be extracted from the multi-electrode recordings. Moreover, interference suppression is improved as the presented analysis shows. In this paper a new recording system is proposed, each channel of which consists of a low-noise input buffer employing lateral bipolar transistors to provide an impedance match to the tissue and a path to ground for the switching currents of a single high-gain amplifier, which is multiplexed between channels. The proposed system provides low-noise, low-power operation and practically identical channel gains and is suitable for integration in a CMOS process.
A 61,000-dalton truncated large T-antigen is uniformly expressed in hamster cells transformed by polyomavirus

Various polyomavirus-transformed hamster cell lines derived from tumors or from infected hamster cell cultures synthesized polyoma middle and small tumor (T)-antigens but no full-size large T-antigen. Instead, all cell lines produced the same or similar polyoma T-antigen-related proteins of ca. 61 kilodaltons (kDal). Like large T-antigen synthesized in lytically infected mouse cells, the 61-kDal proteins were phosphoproteins showing electrophoretic and charge heterogeneities. Chromatographic analysis of the methionine-containing tryptic peptides indicated that the 61-kDal proteins were truncated forms of large T-antigen comprising amino acid residues 1 to 485 (+/- 25). Analysis of viral DNA present in hamster chromosomal DNA of three independently isolated cell lines confirmed that synthesis of the 61-kDal proteins was due to a discontinuity in the large T-antigen coding sequence, most likely located between 7 and 8.9 map units on the polyoma DNA map. The three cell lines yielded essentially the same patterns of viral DNA-containing restriction enzyme fragments, suggesting that insertion of viral DNA into the hamster chromosomes took place at closely similar sites.
Adaptive FeedForward Linearization For RF Power Amplifiers

The design of radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers has become increasingly complex. With modern radio communications systems focusing on ever-higher data rates and better spectral efficiencies, these challenges to amplifier design will continue. Modulation schemes such as multilevel linear quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) increase spectral efficiency, yet their operating envelopes fluctuate, making this approach much more sensitive to the inherent nonlinear component of power amplifier behavior-the major source of nonlinear distortion in microwave transmitters.
Evaluating the Readiness of Management Schools to Execute Knowledge Management

A new branch of management called knowledge management is created for improved application of knowledge capital in organizations. Applying such process improves knowledge processes and enhances organizational knowledge by linking knowledge management with organizational strategies. Also, it provides proper guidelines to compensate current deficiencies and helps organization to keep its competitive advantage. In present study and after brief study of knowledge management concepts by identifying and considering affecting factors on management success and knowledge management enablers, research hypotheses were revealed to evaluate organizational readiness to execute knowledge management in both individual and organizational sections. The readiness of Management Schools in Qom province of Iran to execute knowledge management was assessed and confirmed by a questionnaire and the relevant scores were computed. Then, the weak points were identified according to the readiness of the statistical population and proper guidelines were provided to remove deficiencies.
Transactional memory: beyond the first two decades

The 2012 Dijkstra prize was awarded to two papers, Transactional Memory: Architectural Support for Lock-Free Data Structures, by Maurice Herlihy and Eliot Moss [4], published in 1993, and Software Transactional Memory, by Nir Shavit and Dan Touitou [8], published in 1995. Figure 1 shows the year-by-year citation graphs from Google Scholar for the past two decades. Though to some, these curves may look like hats, they actually represent the computer science community digesting a new idea. Transactional memory, to put it mildly, was slow to catch on.
Lentivirus-siNgR199 Promotes Axonal Regeneration and Functional Recovery in Rats

ABSTRACT Background: The limited regenerative capability of central neurons and inhibitory factors are the main causes of axonal regeneration failure after spinal cord injury (SCI). Nogo receptors (NgR) are a family of receptors shared by three factors that inhibit axon outgrowth. In a previous study, siNgR199, an effective lentiviral siRNA vector of NgR1, was constructed and transfected into cortical neurons in vitro, and it effectively promoted axon outgrowth. The present study focused on the therapeutic effect of delivery of a recombinant lentivirus containing siNgR199 in vivo in rats. Methods: Rat models of traumatic SCI were constructed according to the method developed by Allen. The animals were randomly divided into three groups: group 1, injected with physiological saline; group 2, injected with empty lentivirus vehicle; and group 3, injected with lentivirus carrying siNgR199. The Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale was used for assessing hindlimb locomotor function after SCI. The neural tracer biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) and immunohistochemical methods were employed to study axon outgrowth. Results: After injection for 8 weeks, BBB locomotion scores showed that the motor function of the hindlimb recovered better in animals in group 3 (injected with lentivirus carrying siNgR199) than those in groups 1 and 2, which were injected with saline and empty lentivirus vehicle, respectively. In group 3, regenerative nerve fibers were observed at and across the injury site, while very few axonal sprouts were observed in groups 1 and 2. Conclusions: Injection with lentivirus carrying siNgR199 into the sensorimotor cortex improved axonal regeneration and functional recovery of hindlimb after SCI in rats.
Marketing strategy, contextual factors and performance

This research investigates the degree of emphasis put by the Australian manufacturing industry on marketing strategy, along with other organisational strategies such as research and development (R&D), human resources, technology, operations at the functional level. The study found that the emphasis on marketing strategy had a third place after operations and R&D strategy in the past few years. In terms of its effectiveness, marketing strategy has not been as effective as the operations strategy and the technology strategy. The research also investigates the relationship between marketing strategy and organisational performance. The results suggest that the increase in efforts for the development of new market segments/customers is found to be positively associated with the increase in sales growth in domestic and export markets. It is also found that market forecasting has a positive and significant relationship with the return on total assets while the development of new market segments/customers and market share analysis have a negative and significant relationship. The research extends further to investigate whether the emphasis on marketing strategy differs with contextual factors such as firm size, firm's generic strategy, type of market, firm's life cycle stage, etc. The findings suggest that relatively higher emphasis was placed on the marketing strategy by firms which are large, are involved in consumer goods industry, are involved in exports, have high domestic sales growth, and have adopted a differentiation strategy combined with a cost leadership strategy. In conducting this study, a mail survey was carried out to collect information from manufacturing firms across Australia, and 225 responses were received. This was followed by an on‐site interview of some of the senior managers of manufacturing firms in Adelaide, Melbourne and Sydney.
Distinct Temporal Patterns of Expression of Sodium Channel‐like Immunoreactivity During the Prenatal Development of the Monkey and Cat Retina

Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies prepared against the α‐subunit of the voltage‐gated sodium channel (αNaCh) were used to examine the distribution of sodium channel‐like immunoreactivity during the prenatal development of the cat and rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) retina. At all prenatal ages studied, beginning on embryonic day 29 (E29) in the cat and E52 in the monkey, both antibodies labelled optic axons. With the polyclonal antibodies, the appearance of positive cells largely mirrored the onset of their morphological maturation. Immunoreactivity appeared first in the somata of ganglion cells, and subsequently the inner plexiform layer could be distinguished by its intense immunolabelling. A few weeks later horizontal cells displayed immunolabelling that extended to their dendrites in the developing outer plexiform layer. This was followed by immunoreactive cones, with bipolar cells labelled only postnatally. By contrast, with the monoclonal antibody some cells were found to be immunoreactive while their somata were still in the ventricular layer (E33 in cat and E52 in monkey). Many of these cells appeared to migrate to the outer portion of the prospective inner nuclear layer, where they gradually acquired the morphological appearance of bipolar cells. Transient expression of immunolabelling with monoclonal sodium channel antibody was found in the cones of the cat and cones and rods of the monkey. These results indicate that different types of αNaCh‐like proteins are expressed in the mammalian retina at distinct developmental periods. Their presence at very early stages during development suggests that these proteins could play a specific role in the commitment and/or differentiation of specific retinal cell types.
Pallidotomy for Severe Tardive Jaw-Opening Dystonia

Bilateral pallidotomy was performed in a schizophrenic patient with severe jaw-opening dystonia developed after chronic neuroleptic treatment. The dystonia led to sustained mandibular joint dislocation, and tracheotomy was performed after suffocation. The jaw-opening dystonia disappeared immediately following pallidotomy; the tracheotomy was closed, and he regained eating and speech ability. Analysis of the neuronal firing of the globus pallidus revealed low neuronal firing rates in the internal pallidum (GPi) and an irregular burst pattern of the GPi cells compared to those in Parkinson’s disease. These results suggest that pallidotomy is a treatment option for tardive jaw-opening dystonia and that dystonia of this type is driven by abnormal neural activities in the GPi.
I want to view it my way: interfaces to mobile maps should adapt to the user's orientation skills

Efficient human-computer-interaction is a key to success for navigation systems, in particular when pedestrians are using them. Due to the increasing computational power of recent mobile devices, complex multimedia user interfaces to pedestrian navigation systems can be implemented. In order to be able to provide the best-suited interface to each user, we present a user study comparing not only three map presentation modes (bird's eye, egocentric and a combined one), but also involving the users' sense of direction as a second independent factor. In the experiment conducted, we did not focus on a global navigation task, but on the repeated subtask of locating objects on the map. ANOVA analysis of the task completion time revealed a significant interaction effect of presentation mode and the sense of direction of the test persons. Consequently, we advocate user-adaptive presentation modes for pedestrian navigation systems.
Exercise Hyperpnea: Where Do We Go from Here?

&NA; Pulmonary ventilation (&OV0312;E) increases during exercise to meet the demands of increased oxygen consumption (&OV0312;O2) and CO2 production. Despite numerous studies over the past century, the mechanism mediating exercise hyperpnea remains controversial. Progress has been limited primarily by the incomplete understanding of the complex basic ventilatory control system and by the difficulty of significantly manipulating a single potential pathway while still performing physiologic exercise. Where do we go from here to further study the exercise hyperpnea?