Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Jupiter's low-frequency radio spectrum from Cassini/Radio and Plasma Wave Science (RPWS) absolute flux density measurements : Cassini flyby of Jupiter

[1] We apply the calibration method developed by Dulk et al. [2001] to the data from the CassinilRadio and Plasma Wave Science (RPWS) High-Frequency Receiver in order to derive flux density measurements of six components of the Jovian low-frequency radio spectrum over the full frequency range of the instrument (3.5 kHz to 16.1 MHz). The estimated accuracy is better than 50%, i.e., much less than the intrinsic variations of the flux densities of these radiosources. It is mainly limited by the accuracy of the model used for the radio galactic background. Instrumental parameters such as the antennas' effective lengths and base capacitance are constrained in the calibration process. From 6 months of calibrated data centered on the Cassini-Jupiter flyby, we derive the average and peak Jovian radio spectrum between 3.5 and 16.1 MHz and its range of fluctuations, from which we deduce constraints on the beaming of the various radio components and estimate the power emitted by each component. Our calibration procedure also allows us to compare Cassini measurements of the Jovian radio spectrum with ground-based measurements performed, e.g., in Nancay above the ionospheric cutoff (10-15 MHz). It will be used to derive absolute flux measurements during the Saturn tour.
Decomposing the Returns to Regional Mobility

This paper studies the returns to regional mobility based on a sample of job-to-job transitions in Germany. Additionally, we provide evidence for the selection mechanisms into regional mobility and sorting into firms and matches. Using linked employer-employee data we estimate a wage decomposition including individual, firm and match fixed effects. Our (preliminary) results suggest a wage level increase of 28% for regionally mobile individuals, whereas workers making a job-to-job transition in their local labor market region experience an increase of 24%. Further, workers generally experience a move to higher paying firms, whereas this effect is smallest for regionally mobile workers. In addition, workers find relatively better matches due to the job-to-job transition; with regionally mobile workers benefiting most form this increase in match quality.
The Media and Asset Prices

Does media coverage affect asset prices? If so, why? And what are the consequences? In this paper we try to answer these questions by looking at the effect media reporting has on stock market reactions to earnings announcement. We find that stock prices are most reactive to the type of earnings emphasized by the press. This effect is stronger for companies with fewer analysts and when the media outlet is more credible. Interestingly, we find that media spin tends to follow the spin promoted by the company. This is more so the fewer alternative sources of information about a company are available, the more demand for information there is, and the less reputable a newspaper is. The evidence is most consistent with a quid pro quo relation between journalists and their sources, where they receive private information in exchange for a positive spin on companies’ news. * We thank Mark Bradshaw for sharing his data and seminar participants at Harvard Business School and the University of Chicago for helpful comments. We also gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Division of Research, Harvard Business School, the Center for Research on Security Prices and the George Stigler Center at the University of Chicago.
THE METHOD OF CONDITIONAL PROBABILITIES: DERANDOMIZING THE PROBABILISTIC METHOD

We describe the probabilistic method as a nonconstructive way of proving the existence of combinatorial structures. We then introduce the method of conditional probabilities as a procedure for derandomizing these probabilistic proofs into deterministic algorithms. We develop the idea of pessimistic estimators as a tool for this end. We end with an application to a combinatorial game.
Varieties of periodic attractor in cellular automata

We apply three alternate definitions of "attractor" to cellular automata. Examples are given to show that using the different definitions can give different answers to the question "Does this cellular automaton have a periodic attractor? " The three definitions are the topological notion of attractor as used by C. Conley, a more measure-theoretic version given by J. Milnor, and a variant of Milnor's deEnition that is based on the concept of the "center of attraction" of an orbit. Restrictions on the types of periodic orbits that can be periodic attractors for cellular automata are described. With any of these definitions, a cellular automaton has at most one periodic attractor. Additionally, if Conley's definition is used, then a periodic attractor must be a fixed point. Using Milnor's definition, each point on a periodic attractor must be fixed by all shifts, so the number of symbols used is an upper bound on the period; whether the actual upper bound is 1 is unknown. With the third definition this restriction is removed, and examples are given of onedimensional cellular automata on three symbols that have finite "attractors" of arbitrarily large size (with the third definition, a finite attractor is not necessarily a single periodic orbit). The purpose of this paper is to describe the types of periodic orbits that can be "attractors" of a cellular automaton. We will consider three different definitions of "attractor": one that is based upon topological dynamics, a second that is based upon a mixture of topological and measure theoretic dynamics, and a third that is even more measure theoretic in nature. Examples will be given to show that these three definitions can lead to different answers to the question of the existence of a periodic "attractor" for cellular automata. We begin with an informal discussion of some of the results. Details and precise definitions are given in later sections. A cellular automaton is a type of endomorphism of a certain function space. Let z = {x: zm ) S}, where zm is the integer lattice in Rm and S is a finite set, called the symbol set. A shift on z is a map Ct: z ) z of the form (vtx)(n) = x(n + t) for some t E zm. A cellular automaton is a continuous map f: z ) z that commutes with all of these shifts. Cellular automata have received much attention in recent years. One reason for this attention is the fact that, especially for m = 1 or 2, cellular automata are readily accessible Received by the editors July 20, 1989. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classi.fication (1985 Revision). Primary 58F12, 58F21. Research supported in part by NSF grant #DMS-880758. (D)1991 American Mathematical Society 0002-9947/91 $1.00 + $. 25 per page
A review of more than one hundred Pareto-tail index estimators

This paper reviews more than one hundred Pareto (and equivalent) tail index estimators. It focuses on univariate estimators for nontruncated data. We discuss basic ideas of these estimators and provide their analytical expressions. As samples from heavy-tailed distributions are analysed by researchers from various fields of science, the paper provides nontechnical explanations of the methods, which could be understood by researchers with intermediate skills in statistics. We also discuss strengths and weaknesses of the estimators, if they are known. The paper can be viewed as a catalog or a reference book on Pareto-tail index estimators.
Enforcement Style in the Global South

This paper explores how the concept of enforcement style translates to the Global South. How and to what extent does it remain useful in understanding the social effects of regulatory enforcement in political economic contexts of developing countries? The paper first examines the concept of enforcement style as developed by Kagan and others. Drawing upon studies of environmental regulation in a set of Latin American and Asian countries, the paper then examines how enforcement style can be expanded to facilitate the empirical study of regulatory behavior and its social effects in the Global South. Table of
Multi-Modal Approaches for Post-Editing Machine Translation

Current advances in machine translation increase the need for translators to switch from traditional translation to post-editing (PE) of machine-translated text, a process that saves time and improves quality. This affects the design of translation interfaces, as the task changes from mainly generating text to correcting errors within otherwise helpful translation proposals. Our results of an elicitation study with professional translators indicate that a combination of pen, touch, and speech could well support common PE tasks, and received high subjective ratings by our participants. Therefore, we argue that future translation environment research should focus more strongly on these modalities in addition to mouse- and keyboard-based approaches. On the other hand, eye tracking and gesture modalities seem less important. An additional interview regarding interface design revealed that most translators would also see value in automatically receiving additional resources when a high cognitive load is detected during PE.
Mapping Background Variables With Sequential Patterns in Problem-Solving Environments: An Investigation of United States Adults’ Employment Status in PIAAC

Adult assessments have evolved to keep pace with the changing nature of adult literacy and learning demands. As the importance of information and communication technologies (ICT) continues to grow, measures of ICT literacy skills, digital reading, and problem-solving in technology-rich environments (PSTRE) are increasingly important topics for exploration through computer-based assessment (CBA). This study used process data collected in log files and survey data from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), with a focus on the United States sample, to (a) identify employment-related background variables that significantly related to PSTRE skills and problem-solving behaviors, and (b) extract robust sequences of actions by subgroups categorized by significant variables. We conducted this study in two phases. First, we used regression analyses to select background variables that significantly predict the general PSTRE, literacy, and numeracy skills, as well as the response time and correctness in the example item. Second, we identified typical action sequences by different subgroups using the chi-square feature selection model to explore these sequences and differentiate the subgroups. Based on the malleable factors associated with problem-solving skills, the goal of this study is to provide information for improving competences in adult education for targeted groups.
Brain–Computer Interface (BCI) Applications in Mapping of Epileptic Brain Networks Based on Intracranial-EEG: An Update

The main applications of the Brain–Computer Interface (BCI) have been in the domain of rehabilitation, control of prosthetics, and in neuro-feedback. Only a few clinical applications presently exist for the management of drug-resistant epilepsy. Epilepsy surgery can be a life-changing procedure in the subset of millions of patients who are medically intractable. Recording of seizures and localization of the Seizure Onset Zone (SOZ) in the subgroup of “surgical” patients, who require intracranial-EEG (icEEG) evaluations, remain to date the best available surrogate marker of the epileptogenic tissue. icEEG presents certain risks and challenges making it a frontier that will benefit from optimization. Despite the presentation of several novel biomarkers for the localization of epileptic brain regions (HFOs-spikes vs. Spikes for instance), integration of most in practices is not at the prime time as it requires a degree of knowledge about signal and computation. The clinical care remains inspired by the original practices of recording the seizures and expert visual analysis of rhythms at onset. It is becoming increasingly evident, however, that there is more to infer from the large amount of EEG data sampled at rates in the order of less than 1 ms and collected over several days of invasive EEG recordings than commonly done in practice. This opens the door for interesting areas at the intersection of neuroscience, computation, engineering and clinical care. Brain–Computer interface (BCI) has the potential of enabling the processing of a large amount of data in a short period of time and providing insights that are not possible otherwise by human expert readers. Our practices suggest that implementation of BCI and Real-Time processing of EEG data is possible and suitable for most standard clinical applications, in fact, often the performance is comparable to a highly qualified human readers with the advantage of producing the results in real-time reliably and tirelessly. This is of utmost importance in specific environments such as in the operating room (OR) among other applications. In this review, we will present the readers with potential targets for BCI in caring for patients with surgical epilepsy.
Trends in Police Research: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis of the 2002 Literature

This review represents the third in an annual special feature in Police Practice and Research: An International Journal. It provides a cross‐sectional analysis of the police literature for the year 2002, highlighting the substantive categories of the literature as well as distribution of publication medium and methodological typology. In doing so, the authors provide a ‘snap shot’ of the current research trends in policing and state both the substantive and methodological research patterns of this specific field of criminology.
Cardiac Sympathetic Denervation in Channelopathies

Left cardiac sympathetic denervation (LCSD) is a surgical antiadrenergic intervention with a strong antiarrhythmic effect, supported by preclinical as well as clinical data. The mechanism of action of LCSD in structurally normal hearts with increased arrhythmic susceptibility (such as those of patients with channelopathies) is not limited to the antagonism of acute catecholamines release in the heart. LCSD also conveys a strong anti-fibrillatory action that was first demonstrated over 40 years ago and provides the rationale for its use in almost any cardiac condition at increased risk of ventricular fibrillation. The molecular mechanisms involved in the final antiarrhythmic effect of LCSD turned out to be much broader than anticipated. Beside the vagotonic effect at different levels of the neuraxis, other new mechanisms have been recently proposed, such as the antagonism of neuronal remodeling, the antagonism of neuropeptide Y effects, and the correction of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) imbalance. The beneficial effects of LCSD have never been associated with a detectable deterioration of cardiac performance. Finally, patients express a high degree of satisfaction with the procedure. In this review, we focus on the rationale, results and our personal approach to LCSD in patients with channelopathies such as long QT syndrome and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia.
Forensic psychotherapy

Introduction This edition of the journal looks at the contribution specialist forensic psychotherapy can make to the rigorous disciplines of forensic psychiatry and the law, as well as helping general psychotherapists who encounter forensic issues. As Bluglass ( 1990 , p. 7) put it ‘The role of the forensic psychiatrist in confronting and trying to reconcile the differences between the interests of the law and those of psychiatry is a crucial and important one’. Forensic psychotherapy can help. It is a bridge between traditional forensic psychiatry with a major focus on diagnosis and risk, and traditional psychotherapy with a focus on understanding why things happen. Williams ( 1991 ) described the diffi culties encountered in the successful bridging of both disciplines. According to Harding ( 1992 ), there is an inevitable, and indeed necessary, confl ict of values between the forensic psychiatry and criminal justice systems. Evaluations should ideally be conducted independently, according to criteria that correspond to health-based values (Reed Report, 1992 ). Forensic psychotherapy seeks to understand the unconscious motivations that underpin specifi c offending behaviours. We need to understand not only the detail of the crime, but about the individual as a whole person within his environment (including the criminal justice environment). The criminal action is the central fact. Unfortunately, some psychotherapeutic approaches can seem to be a ‘soft’ option, justifying and rationalizing behaviour to provide ‘false understanding’. Our forensic patients use similar mechanisms to conceal their ‘real selves’ resulting in encapsulation of the offending behaviour and keeping it hidden or minimized. An effective collusion between society and offenders is at work. The criminal action always appears understandable as an action against society, yet at the same time, it is unconsciously a self-destructive act, with harmful effects for the offender also. This aspect of criminality associated with unconscious guilt
Development and Implementation of Real-Time Web-Based Dashboards in a Multisite Transfusion Service

Background: In hospital transfusion services, visualization of blood product inventory in the form of web-based dashboards has the potential to improve the workflow and efficiency of blood product inventory management. While off-the-shelf “business intelligence” solutions by external vendors may offer the ability to display and analyze blood bank inventory data, laboratories may lack resources to readily access this technology. Using in-house talent, our transfusion service developed real-time, web-based dashboards to replace manual processes for managing both blood product inventory and cooler tracking at two large academic hospital blood banks. Methods: Dashboards were developed using Hypertext Markup Language, Cascading Style Sheets, and Hypertext Preprocessor scripting/programming languages. Data are extracted in real time from Sunquest (v7.3) Laboratory Information Systems Database (InterSystems Cache) and are refreshed every 2 min. Data are hosted internally by our institution's web servers and are accessed on a webpage via Microsoft Group Policy shortcuts. Results: Dashboards were designed and implemented to provide a fully customizable, dynamic, and secure method of displaying blood product inventory and blood product cooler status. Transfusion service staff utilized dashboard data to maintain adequate blood product supply, modify blood product replacement orders to prevent excess inventory, and transfer short-dated blood products between our facilities to minimize wastage. Conclusions: Dashboard technology can be readily implemented at hospital transfusion services with minimal capital expenditure. The implementation of real-time web-based dashboards for blood product inventory and cooler management at our centers facilitated on-demand blood product monitoring and replaced a tedious, manual process with a user-friendly and intuitive electronic tool.
Contributions of forensic anthropology to positive scientific identification: a critical Review

Abstract This review covers previous and current literature on the impact of forensic anthropologists on the positive scientific identification of human remains and aims to provide an understanding of what information a forensic anthropologist can contribute to an investigation. Forensic anthropologists looking to identify human remains study traits of the skeleton and any orthopedic devices present. In order to obtain a positive scientific identification, evidence that is both sufficiently unique to the individual and comparable to available antemortem data from that individual must be found. The increased availability of radiographs, scans and implants in recent decades has facilitated the identification process. When these records are unavailable, other techniques, such as craniofacial superimposition and facial approximation, can be employed. While these methods may assist the identification process, they are most useful for exclusion of certain individuals and gathering leads from the public. Forensic anthropologists have heavily relied on the skull and its complexities for identification – typically focusing on the frontal sinus and other unique traits. Post-cranial remains can provide important information about bone density, possible disease and other characteristics that may also be utilized. Techniques used to positively identify individuals are not limited to medicolegal death investigations, and have been useful in other legal contexts. In the future, a team approach, utilizing all the information gathered by multiple forensic scientists – including forensic anthropologists – will most likely become more common.
Effect of Salmeterol-Fluticasone Combination and Tiotropium on Clinical and Physiological Improvement of Bronchial Anthracofibrosis: a Double Blind Randomized, Cross Over, Placebo Controlled, Clinical Trial

Background: Bronchial anthracosis is the black discoloration of bronchial mucosa that exhibits similar manifestations to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ( COPD). The etiology of this obstructive lung disease has not been elucidated and standard therapy for this disease has not been introduced in the literature. The objective of this study is to determine the efficacy of the salmeterol-fluticasone inhaler and tiotropium as two safe treatments of obstructive lung disease for the treatment of symptomatic subjects of anthracofibrosis of the lung. Materials and Methods: Twenty anthracofibrosis subjects who suffered from dyspnea were enrolled in this three-phase, cross over, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The primary outcome variable was quality of life (evaluated with the CAT questionnaire). Clinical findings and spirometry were the secondary outcome variables. Both of these drugs were delivered by an inhaler and were made identically by the reference manufacturer. Salmeterol-fluticasone was prescribed with a spacer and tiotropium by its special device, and the method of utilization was taught to the patients. Results: Twenty anthracofibrosis subjects were enrolled in this three-phase, five-month course of treatment with either salmeterol-fluticasone or tiotropium inhalers. The response to therapy was not good; neither for salmeterol-fluticasone nor for tiotropium in the short course of the treatment. However, the overall results of 5 months of therapy with both of the drugs have shown improvement in 57% of the subjects. The most prominent results were found in the CAT score [25.1±5.54 before the trial, which decreased to 19.2±5.14 (Z score=2.7, P=0.007)] and clinical findings especially sputum, chest pain, and wheezing (81, 94 and 92% before the trial and 50, 56, 54% after the trial, respectively). Neither clinical findings nor spirometry was able to predict a good response to salmeterol-fluticasone or tiotropium. Conclusion: The combination of salmeterol-fluticasone and tiotropium inhaler was able to improve the clinical findings of symptomatic anthracofibrosis patients.