Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of utilization of maize silage in moult inducing diets on performance, immune response and bone quality in laying hens.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the utilization of maize silage (MS) in moult induction and its effects on immune response and bone quality in laying hens. Laying hens were subjected to 1 of 6 treatments: full-fed (control; FF); total feed withdrawal (positive control for moult induction; FW); 100 MS (M100); 90 MS + 10 layer ration (LR) (M90); 80 MS + 20 LR (M80); and 70 MS + 30 LR (M70). After 9 days body weight loss occurred in all moulting treatments. The examined treatments caused cessation of egg production on day 4 (M90), 5 (FW, M100) and 7 (M70, M80). On day 6 the heterophil : lymphocyte (H:L) ratio did not differ between all MS treatments and FF; however FW caused its increasing only in comparison to FF, M80 and M70. On day 9 H:L ratio for FF did not differ only from M70 and M90. Antibody production against sheep red blood cell was unaffected by all moulting treatments. The femur dry weight for FF did not differ from M70, M80, M100; however there was observed no difference between FW and M70, M90, M100. The treatments caused decrease of femur ash content in comparison to FF group (except M70) with the lowest value in FW. In conclusion, obtained data indicate that the use of MS mixed with LR results in moult induction. Likewise, it is suggested to use 70 MS addition because of reduced moulting stress in birds and smaller losses of bone mineralization.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN PAKISTAN

This paper investigates the causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth and energy consumption and employment in Pakistan. By applying techniques of co-integration and Hsiao’s version of Granger causality, the results infer that economic growth causes total energy consumption. Economic growth also leads to growth in petroleum consumption, while on the other hand, neither economic growth nor gas consumption affect each other. However, in the power sector it has been found that electricity consumption leads to economic growth without feedback. The implications of the study are that energy conservation policy regarding petroleum consumption would not lead to any side-effects on economic growth in Pakistan. However, an energy growth policy in the case of gas and electricity consumption should be adopted in such a way that it stimulates growth in the economy and thus expands employment opportunities. The relationship between energy consumption and economic growth is now well established in the literature, yet the direction of causation of this relationship remains controversial. That is, whether economic growth leads to energy consumption or that energy consumption is the engine of economic growth. The direction of causality has significant policy implications. Empirically it has been tried to find the direction of causality between energy consumption and economic activities for the developing as well as for the developed countries employing the Granger or Sims techniques. However, results are mixed. The seminal paper by Kraft and Kraft (1978), supported the unidirectional causality from GNP growth to energy consumption in the case of the United States of America for the period 1947-1974. Erol, and Yu, (1987), tested data for six industrialized countries, and found no significant causal relationship between energy consumption and GDP growth and, energy and employment. Yu, et. al. (1988), found no relationship between energy and GNP, and
Hydrocarbon Exploration in Peninsular India by Advanced Biochemical Markers Method

Hydrocarbons are a linear chain of carbon and hydrogen rich molecules serve as fuel from fossil source from the deep underground. Due to rapid population explosion followed by dynamic development in the Industrial sector, the Indian sub-continent is spending lot of money on energy to the Middle East Countries. Therefore, exploration of hydrocarbon rich regions within our country is one of the needful mission to cut-short the cost of fuel. As a novel theme, the hydrocarbon exploration study was carried out at five different locations each for freshwater site (Cauvery Riverbed region) and Marine site (Chennai Coastal region). About 100 g of soil samples from ten different sampling sites were collected by digging the ground up to three feet deep in both the riverbed and marine coastal sites. Then the soil samples were analyzed for different physio-chemical parameters such as pH, moisture content, nitrogen, potassium, sodium, magnesium phosphorous, total organic carbon, Sulphur, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum and nickel. For hydrocarbon analysis, the soil samples were subjected to hydrocarbon extraction by Soxhlet extraction method and analyzed by GC-MS by using standards for polyaromatic hydrocarbons including Naphthalene, Acenaphthylene, 2-Bromo-Naphthalene, Acenaphthene, Fluorene, Phenanthrene, Anthracene, Pyrene, Fluoranthene, Chrysene, Benz [a] anthracene, Benzo [b] fluoranthene, Benzo [ghi] perylene, Dibenz [a,h] anthracene and Indeno [1,2,3-cd] pyrene. The final result confirms that the hydrocarbon content was high in the soil samples of Chennai Coastal sites than the Cauvery freshwater riverbed regions. This may be due to high biochemical depositions of dead particles and algae in the sediments of marine coastal regions for a very long period. And this is a preliminary study to explore hydrocarbons in the soil sediments by exploring hydrocarbons from small pits as biochemical markers.
Tropospheric ozone (TOR) trend over three major inland Indian cities: Delhi, Hyderabad and Bangalore

An analysis of tropospheric column ozone using the NASA Langley TOR data during 1979-2005 has been done to investigate the trend over major Indian cities Delhi, Hyderabad and Bangalore. India was under social democratic-based policies before 1990s. Economic Liberalization began in nineties which lead to a significant growth in industrial, energy and transport sectors in major cities. Our analysis shows that there is a systematic increase in the number of months with higher tropospheric ozone values after 1990. A comparison of TOR climatology before and after 1990 over these cities shows evidence of increase in the tropospheric ozone after 1990. Trend obtained from the model shows significant change during monsoon over Delhi and during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon over Hyderabad and Bangalore. The present analysis using TOR technique demonstrates the TOR potential to detect changes in tropospheric ozone over large cities which are impacted by large anthropogenic pollution.
A novel temperature-dependent large-signal model of heterojunction bipolar transistor with a unified approach for self-heating and ambient temperature effects

A large-signal modeling of power heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) is demonstrated for an accurate simulation of self-heating and ambient temperature effects and nonlinear behaviors such as output power, gain expansion, intermodulation distortion (IMD), and adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR). The physical relationship between the device current and the rate of change in the built-in potential with respect to the device temperature has been utilized for a fully electrothermal modeling. To enable an immediate use for a circuit design, the model extraction was done for in-situ output-stage device from two-stage power amplifier (PA) circuit. In each parameter extraction step, measurement data obtained under a consistent environment, which are current-voltage (I-V) at various temperatures and small-signal S-parameters under various bias conditions, have been carefully examined and utilized to relate the meaning of each parameter to the physical principle of the device. Measurements and simulations are compared for the verification of the model under dc condition at various temperatures.
A Survey on Nutritional Status in Elderly with Diabetes

Aim: Malnutrition prevalence is unknown among elderly patients with diabetes. Nutrition therapy is an essential component in the treatment program for diabetics. Malnutrition is a clinical disorder and a common risk factor in older patients with diabetes, which can affect their health. The main purpose of this article is to evaluate the nutritional condition of elderly with diabetes in Babol City, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in Babol City during January-April 2017 on 200 older patients with diabetes. Malnutrition was assessed with the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) approach. The patients were followed up until discharge. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics methodology, and correlation among variables was determined by the Chi-square, T-test, and One Way ANOVA. Findings: The results showed that about 50% of the elderly patients were suffering from malnutrition, and 20% had normal nutritional status, and approximately 30% were exposed to malnutrition. Conclusion: It is possible to identify people at risk for malnutrition. These individuals are suffering from malnutrition more likely due to lower level of caloric intake that can be easily corrected by nutritional intervention. It is necessary to improve the status of elderly diabetic patients with malnutrition suffering by administering normal nutritional status and special attention.
Airborne Particulate Matter from Sparkling Fireworks

The present study examines the emission levels of particulate matters (PM) from sparkling fireworks and to know the emission characteristics of PM. Particulate matter <2.5 microns (PM2.5) and suspended particulate matter (SPM) were determined while burning six brands of sparkling fireworks. The average PM concentrations before burning were levels of 10 μg/m 3 , but the average concentrations after burning were 741 μg/m 3 for PM2.5 and 810 μg/m 3 for SPM. The mean ratio of the concentrations of PM2.5 and SPM after burning in all of the sparkling fireworks was 0.890. The emissions per firework ranged from 6.5 mg to 151 mg for PM2.5, and from 7.1 mg to 160 mg for SPM. The means of the emissions per combustible amount of the firework ranged from 0.017 to 0.066 mg/mg for PM2.5, and from 0.018 to 0.071 mg/mg for SPM. The influences of the burning time, burning rate and combustible amount of the fireworks on the PM emissions were investigated. As a result, PM2.5 and SPM emissions tend to increase with the burning rates. This suggests that the burning rate of firework have an influence on the PM emissions.
FROM UTAH TO MARS: REGOLITH – LANDFORM MAPPING AND ITS APPLICATION

Regolith-landform mapping is an approach to describing the earth’s surface in terms of both landforms and the surface materials, whether of transported material, weathered rocks, duricrust, or fresh bedrock. The techniques of regolith-landscape mapping have been developed in Australia in recent years, chiefly under the auspices of CRC LEME, and have proved and important part of any field study on earth of surface materials, landscape, biota, and hydrology. It is also an essential platform on which to base more specific applications, such as civil engineering, resource extraction, landscape ecology, or geophysical and geochemical research. Regolith-landform mapping can be readily applied to the site scale and can also incorporate data from the subsurface derived from geophysical surveys and drilling. This paper describes the successful application of regolith-landform mapping to a Mars analog landscape at the Mars Desert Research Station in Utah. Many maps of surface composition and materials, landforms, and stratigraphic units have been prepared during almost 40 years of spacecraft imaging of the surface. To our knowledge, none have provided the same integration of landform morphology and surface material composition that has proved so useful in understanding terrestrial environments. Given the utility of such an approach, it is our recommendation that regolith landform mapping and site description be an integral part of studying both terrestrial analogs and of Mars itself. For human activities associated with establishment of permanent bases and settlements, understanding the regolith will also be critical. Mapping and otherwise characterizing regolith materials, distribution and architecture will be essential in selecting the best site for facilities, civil engineering works, and extraction of resources. It is also vital for understanding real and potential environmental hazards posed by the Martian surface.
Mid-tropospheric δD observations from IASI/MetOp at high spatial and temporal resolution

In this paper we present a method to retrieve HDO, H2O and δD from IASI radiances spectra. It relies on an existing radiative transfer model (Atmosphit) and optimal estimation inversion scheme, but goes further than our previous work by explicitly considering correlations between the two species. Global (fixed) HDO and H2O a priori profiles together with a covariance matrix were built from daily model simulations of HDO and H2O profiles (the LMDz-iso model is used) over the whole globe and a whole year. The retrieval parameters are described and characterized in terms of errors. We show that IASI is mostly sensitive to δD in the middle troposphere and allows retrieving δD for an integrated 3-6 km column with an error of 38‰ on an individual measurement basis. We examine the performance of the retrieval to capture the temporal (seasonal and short-term) and spatial variations of δD by analyzing one year of measurement at two dedicated sites (Darwin and Izana) and a latitudinal band from −60° to 60° for a 15 days period in January. The performances are compared with LMDz-iso simulations. We report a general excellent agreement between IASI and the model and demonstrate the capabilities of IASI to reproduce the large scale variations of δD (seasonal cycle and latitudinal gradient) with good accuracy. In particular, we show that there is no systematic significant bias in the retrieved δD values in comparison with the model, and that the retrieved variability is similar to the modeled one although there are certain significant differences depending on the location. Moreover the noticeable differences between IASI and the model reported and briefly examined tend to suggest modeling issues instead of retrieval effects. Finally, we strengthen the unprecedented capabilities of IASI to capture short-term variations in δD, further highlighting the added value of the sounder for monitoring hydrological processes.
Measured particle water uptake enhanced by co-condensing vapours

Abstract. Co-condensation of inorganic or organic vapours on growing droplets could significantly enhance both cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) and cloud droplet number concentration, thereby influencing cloud albedo and climate. Until now, there has been very few direct observational evidence of this process. We have measured the growth of inorganic salt particles exposed to both water and organic vapours at 291.15 K in the laboratory, showing that co-condensation of the organic vapours significantly enhances water uptake of aerosols. After exposure to water and propylene glycol vapours, ammonium sulfate particles grew much more than any previously measured particles, inorganic or organic, at the same relative humidity (RH). The maximum equivalent hygroscopicity parameter, κ, was observed to reach up to 2.64, very much higher than values (0.1 < κ < 0.9) measured for atmospheric particulate matter using conventional instrumentation, which may be blind to this effect. Under a continuously replenishing organic vapour field, the particles never reached equilibrium owing to the presence of the involatile solute and were observed to continuously grow with increasing exposure time, in agreement with model simulations. Co-condensation of butylene glycol (which has similar volatility but, at aw = 0.9, a higher Sorg than propylene glycol in our system) and tri-ethylene glycol (which has lower volatility and, at aw = 0.9, lower Sorg than propylene glycol in our system) vapours was additionally measured in this study. The maximum equivalent hygroscopicity parameter, κ, reached as high as 8.48 for ammonium sulfate particles exposed to water and tri-ethylene glycol vapours at 90 % RH. This enhancement of particle water uptake through co-condensation of vapours constitutes the direct measurement of this process, which may substantially influence cloud droplet formation in the atmosphere. In addition, the model simulations for exposure to co-condensing butylene glycol and tri-ethylene glycol vapours with water show that there are factors other than Sorg which influence the co-condensation of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) that are as yet not understood.
value proposition : Resource recovery from faecal sludge — Can it be he driver for improved sanitation ?

There is currently a lack of access to affordable sanitation in urban areas of Sub-Saharan Africa. This study evaluated the potential for resource recovery from innovative faecal sludge treatment processes to generate a profit that could help sustain the sanitation service chain. A total of 242 interviews were conducted in Accra, Ghana; Dakar, Senegal; and Kampala, Uganda to compare markets in different cultural and regional contexts. Products identified to have potential market value include dry sludge as a fuel for combustion, biogas from anaerobic digestion, protein derived from sludge processing as animal feed, sludge as a component in building materials, and sludge as a soil conditioner. The market demand and aecal sludge management
Moving Horizon Estimation with Decimated Observations

Abstract This paper addresses the problem of moving horizon (MH) state estimation of discrete lumped nonlinear systems. It is assumed that the measurements of the observed variables are not available at every sampling instant (decimated observations). An estimation algorithm is provided for that purpose, together with results on its convergence. It is shown that, under convenient assumptions, the estimation error is bounded, with a bound that grows with the number of samples between consecutive observations. The algorithm features are illustrated by simulations concerning the application to state estimation in a model of the HIV-1 infection. The simulations show that the MH estimator exhibits superior performance over the extended Kalman filter. This difference of performance increases with the growth of the time interval between consecutive measurements.
Comparison of 3D Adaptive Remeshing Strategies for Finite Element Simulations of Electromagnetic Heating of Gold Nanoparticles

The optical properties of metallic nanoparticles are well known, but the study of their thermal behavior is in its infancy. However the local heating of surrounding medium, induced by illuminated nanostructures, opens the way to new sensors and devices. Consequently the accurate calculation of the electromagnetically induced heating of nanostructures is of interest. The proposed multiphysics problem cannot be directly solved with the classical refinement method of Comsol Multiphysics and a 3D adaptive remeshing process based on an a posteriori error estimator is used. In this paper the efficiency of three remeshing strategies for solving the multiphysics problem is compared. The first strategy uses independent remeshing for each physical quantity to reach a given accuracy. The second strategy only controls the accuracy on temperature. The third strategy uses a linear combination of the two normalized targets (the electric field intensity and the temperature). The analysis of the performance of each strategy is based on the convergence of the remeshing process in terms of number of elements. The efficiency of each strategy is also characterized by the number of computation iterations, the number of elements, the CPU time, and the RAM required to achieve a given target accuracy.
Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) On Workers’ Job Performance In Organizations

This study which centres on the impact of HIV on workers’ job performance in organizations briefly introduced the effect of HIV to the worker and its prevalence in Nigeria. It reviewed the origin and meaning of HIV, the relationship between HIV and job performance and the impact of having HIV positive workers in an organization. This study also concludes by analysing various ways the impact of HIV can be cushioned towards both the worker and the organization.
NATURE-INSPIRED OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE FOR THE DESIGNING OF BAND-PASS DIGITAL FIR FILTER

This paper showcases designing of optimal digital FIR band-pass filter using Bio-inspired heuristic optimization (PSO) technique. PSO is a robust technique with inherent parallelism, which can be easily handled with non-differential objective functions, unlike conventional optimization methods. For the designing purpose, complex calculations are to be made for obtaining the filter coefficients. The magnitude and phase response are observed using MATLAB. Other statistical parameters are calculated and analysed for the better designing of FIR Band-pass filter.
Electoral Results and Legislative Effectiveness among Freshman Representatives

Why do freshman representatives in Congress seem to have lower legislative activity than their peers? Once the effects causing their lowered levels of success are determined, can these differences be used to advise those members on how they might pass more legislation in their first, least electorally secure, term? In this thesis I attempt to answer those two questions, by analyzing replication data from Volden and Wiseman’s Legislative Effectiveness in Congress (2009). I portend that the electoral margin of a candidate negatively affects their legislative effectiveness, both because they are under less reelection pressure, and they might come from more easily won, less respected districts. I find that this hypothesis is supported by the data, though only slightly. Further research in this area may uncover greater effects that further explain freshman legislative effectiveness.
Exploration of computer games in rehabilitation for brain damage

Cognitive and physical deficits are consequences of stroke/traumatic brain injuries (TBI). Without rehabilitation activity problems persist i.e. limitations to handle personal care, the work situation, and recreational activities. The aim of this study is to test an application of Virtual Reality (VR) technology with 3D computer games as an occupational therapy assessment/treatment method in rehabilitation for patients with cognitive and physical deficits. We also wanted to investigate if playing computer games resulted in improved cognitive function. An easy-to-use semi-immersive workbench with haptic game selection menu was located at an activity centre. The training activities were 3D computer games. Every time an activity was run, data about the hand movements were collected and analyzed. Quantitative variables were time (s) to perform the test, average velocity (m/s) and, tremor or uncertainty in movements HPR). Executive functioning was examined by utilizing Trial Making Test. The intervention involved five patients. Results provide evidence to support the use of 3D computer games in cognitive rehabilitation. As an implementation tool within the occupational therapy area, this technology seems to be well adapted to the technological and economical development of society in Sweden.