Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT IN PIPE FLOW WITH DOWNSTREAM PULSATION

Experiments were carried out to investigate the heat transfer characteristics for turbulent flow through pipes with downstream pulsation. Measurements were conducted in a horizontal brass pipe of 40 mm inner diameter and 3000 mm long under uniform heat flux condition, with air as a working fluid. The pulsating frequency was ranged from 45 to 145 Hz and Reynolds number was varied from 27900 to 58900. The results show that, an enhancement in heat transfer is obtained for the pulsated flow for different values of both Reynolds number and pulsation frequency. The rate of enhancement decreases as the pulsation frequency increases. The maximum enhancement of the relative average Nusselt number (about 84.5 %) is obtained with Re = 55500 and f = 45 Hz, while the minimum enhancement (about 17 %) is obtained at Re = 42500 and f =145 Hz. As Reynolds number increases from 27900 to 35800, the relative average Nusselt number increases and peaks at Reynolds of 35800 and pulsation frequency of 93.3. As Reynolds number increases further from 35800 to 42500, a reduction in the relative average Nusselt number is obtained for the whole studied range of the pulsation frequencies. While as Reynolds number increases further (42500 ≤ Re ≤ 58900), the relative average Nusselt number increases again with about 84.5 % maximum enhancement. The present experimental data for the relative average Nusselt number enhancement ratio were correlated in terms of Reynolds number and the dimensionless frequency.
NAF and GAF: Linking Linguistic Annotations

Interdisciplinary research between computational linguistics and the Semantic Web is increasing. The NLP community makes more and more use of information presented as Linked Data. At the same time, an increasing interest in representing information from text as Linked Data can be observed in the Semantic Web community. It is however not necessarily straightforward to adapt existing NLP modules so that they can read in and produce linguistic annotations in RDF. This paper presents the representations we use in two projects that involve both directions of interaction between NLP and the Semantic Web. In previous work, we have shown how instances represented in RDF can be linked to text and linguistic annotations using GAF. In this paper, we address how we can make further use of Linked Data by using its principles in linguistic annotations.
Highly Reliable Compact RF-MEMS Contact Switch: Design, Fabrication and Characterization

Author(s): Liu, Y | Abstract: The dissertation presents techniques that can address reliability degradation of radio frequency micro-electromechanical (RF-MEMS) metal contact switches due to hot-switching damages. In the fi rst proposed technique, sacri ficial contacts are placed in parallel with low-resistance contacts to signi significantly reduce the electric fi eld across the latter. The lower field strength drastically reduces the contact degradation associated with field induced damages. Theoretical and numerical modeling show that the proposed protection scheme introduces minimal, if any, impact on the switch's RF performance. To realize the protection scheme, a novel cantilever structure was designed to allow the correct protection actuation sequence to be realized using a single actuator and bias electrode. Experiments show that, the protected switch design exhibits over 100 times improvement in hot-switching lifetime compared with unprotected switches. In particular, the series-protected switches can achieve 100{150 million cycle lifetime at 1W hot-switching and 50 million cycles at 2W hot-switching before catastrophic failure, in an open-air lab test setup. The second proposed scheme is a shunt protection technique to improve the hot-switching reliability. The proposed technique places shunt protection contacts in front of the main contact of an RF-MEMS metal contact switch to block the RF signal while the main contact is switching on or o . The shunt protection contact creates a local cold-switching condition for the main contact to increase the lifetime of the switch under hot-switching condition. The shunt protection technique can also increase the overall isolation of the switch. Experiments shows that the protected switch has 50 times longer lifetime under hot-switching condition compared with unprotected switch. The protected switch has g100 million cycles and up to 500 million cycles lifetime under 1-W hot-switching condition, measured in open-air lab environment. Besides, the isolation of the shunt-protected switch is 70 dB at 1:0 GHz and 36 dB at 40 GHz, and insertion loss is 0:30 dB at 1:0 GHz and 0:43 dB at 40 GHz. A compact switch design using a single actuator and bias electrode with shunt protection contact was also proposed and experimentally demonstrated.
Tailoring the structural and magnetic properties of epitaxially growth Ni–Mn–Ga magnetic films by Fe addition

ABSTRACT Ni–Mn–Ga is one of the major magnetic materials in Heusler family due to its interesting magnetic and structural properties. In this study, the epitaxial 200 nm thin films are prepared by magnetron co-sputtering from a NiMnGa alloy target and an elemental Fe target on MgO substrates. The epitaxial growth mechanism is pursued and controlled by ex-situ X-ray refractometry (XRR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. On account of analysing the physical parameters, temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), temperature dependence of resistivity (ρ(T)), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and magnetisation (MOKE) measurements are performed systematically for different Fe contents. Structural and magnetic measurements show that the NiMnGa parent thin film transitions could be adjusted from martensitic to austenitic phases by adding Fe element from high temperature to the vicinity of room temperature. Measurements are carried out to get a further structural characterisation of 14M martensite which was found to consist of nano-twinned structures. The epitaxial growth and the stable coexisting austenite and martensitic phases for the thin film of the NiMnGa chemical composition are shown near room temperature. Due to this feature, magnetic thin films could increase the likelihood of possible room temperature using thin film applications.
Practices of contraception among rural people in Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh: a cross-sectional study

Background: As per the census 2011, the provisional population of India is about population of 1.21 billion. It is now estimated that by 2030, India will most likely overtake China to become the most populous country on the earth. India was the first country in the world to officially launch a national family planning programme (NFPP) in 1952 to reduce birth rate and to stabilize the population at a level consistent with the requirement of national economy. Protecting the young couple from unwanted fertility and educating them to adopt their desired family through informed choice, are among the prerequisites to achieve a TFR of 2.1. To study the prevalence of contraceptive methods among rural population and to study the reasons for not using family planning methods among eligible couples.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was done among 600 married women in reproductive age, in the three randomly selected Primary health centre areas, one each from the three revenue divisions of Nellore, dated from June 2011 to May 2012.Results: The contraception prevalence rate was 56.3% among whom 91.4% adopted permanent family planning methods.Conclusions: The contraceptive prevalence rate in the study subjects was 56% which was lower than that reported in NFHS-III (67%). Majority of the women opted for permanent sterilization when compared to spacing methods.
A 28-Gb/s 13.8-mW Half-Rate Bang-Bang Clock and Data Recovery Circuit Using Return-to-Zero-Based Symmetrical Bang-Bang Phase Detector

This paper reports a 28-Gb/s bang-bang clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit based on the proposed phase detector (BBPD) including four sample flip-flops, two combined XORs, and a voltage-to-current converter. We employ a charge-steering technique to minimize power consumption, inserting one additional branch with a combined XOR into the proposed BBPD, to detect all code types. The CDR prototype pulls-off a 523.7-fs jitter performance with 13.8-mW power consumption.
MOF-Templated Synthesis of Co3O4@TiO2 Hollow Dodecahedrons for High-Storage-Density Lithium-Ion Batteries

Co3O4 nanostructures have been extensively studied as anode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of their stability and high energy density. However, several drawbacks including low electrical transport and severe volume changes over a long period of operation have limited their utilities in LIBs. Rational composite design is becoming an attractive strategy to improve the performance and stability of potential lithium-ion-battery anode materials. Here, a simple method for synthesizing hollow Co3O4@TiO2 nanostructures using metal–organic frameworks as sacrificial templates is reported. Being used as an anode material for LIBs, the resulting composite exhibits remarkable cycling performance (1057 mAh g–1 at 100 mA g–1 after 100 cycles) and good rate performance. The optimized amorphous Co3O4@TiO2 hollow dodecahedron shows a significant improvement in electrochemical performance and shows a wide prospect as an advanced anode material for LIBs in the future.
Modelagem da Temperatura do Ar na Região do Distrito Federal – Brasil, por meio de Dados Atmosféricos do Sensor AIRS

Resumo O sensoriamento remoto pode ser utilizado na estimativa de dados meteorológicos. A partir da utilização de imagens de variáveis atmosféricas obtidas pelo sensor AIRS (Atmospheric Infrared Sounder) a bordo do satélite Aqua, o presente estudo objetivou estimar as temperaturas máxima, mínima e média diária do ar na região do Distrito Federal – Brasil. Foram gerados modelos de regressão linear simples e múltipla tendo como variáveis explanatórias os dados do sensor AIRS de temperatura de superfície, umidade relativa do ar e vapor d’água atmosférico, obtidos em escala temporal de doze horas (diurno e noturno), durante o período compreendido entre janeiro de 2012 e dezembro de 2016. Como variáveis dependentes, foram utilizados valores observados de temperatura do ar em duas estações meteorológicas da região estudada. Os ajustes apresentaram R² = 0,62 e RMSE = 1,64 °C para os dados de temperatura máxima, R² = 0,59 e RMSE = 1,50 °C para os dados de temperatura mínima, e R² = 0,76 e RMSE = 1,45 °C para os dados de temperatura média. Conclui-se que os dados do sensor AIRS são adequados para o monitoramento da temperatura do ar na região do Distrito Federal.
Microstructure inhomogeneity of as-cast high-entropy alloy and heat treatment improvement

ABSTRACT In order to clarify the microstructure inhomogeneity of as-cast high-entropy alloy synthesised by vacuum arc melting, the microstructures, hardness, and chemical compositions of as-cast CrCuFeMnTi alloy have been investigated from the surface to the interior. The results show that obvious microstructure coarsening accompanied by a decrease in hardness occurred from the surface to the interior. The microstructures and hardness of CrCuFeMnTi alloy distributed relatively uniformly from the surface to the interior when the alloy was annealed at 500°C. The numerical fluctuation of the element distributions with the increase in depth also presented a more stable condition. In addition, electrochemical corrosion tests at different positions of the specimens further illustrated the effect of microstructure inhomogeneity on the corrosion tendency and rate.
Misconceptions and Perceptions on Breast Cancer Risk in Kilifi SouthSubcounty

The objective was to find out the misconceptions and perceptions associated with breast cancer in Kilifi south subcounty. A survey was conducted on a random sample of women in Kilifi South with no history of breast cancer. The Survey instrument were questionnaires which included measures of perceptions and misconceptions of breast cancer for themselves and for the average woman, perceptions of risk factors that influenced their risk and the average woman’s risk for breast cancer. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests and spearman’s correlations were used to analyze the data. A spearman’s correlation coefficient showed that, women’s perceptions on Witchcraft as a cause for cancer were related to Cancer being a curse. The correlation was statistically significant at 5% level of significance, (R=0. 5182, S=4462.4, p=0.0003016). A Pearson’s chi-square test also confirmed this (χ2=47.407, P-value=0.000). This probably explains why the uptake of screening services provided by the government in the health centers across the counties has not been effective.
Efectos de los contactos de alta resistencia en las máquinas síncronas de reluctancia

Faults caused by voltage unbalances as a consequence of high-resistance connection (HRC) are one of the most common problems in electrical systems. HRC increases torque oscillations and vibrations, and generally affect the normal operation of machines. This article presents an analysis of the behavior of a synchronous reluctance motor drive with HRC. Simulation is performed under balanced and unbalanced conditions to study the consequences of voltage unbalance. Finally, experimental results are shown to make a direct comparison with the simulation ones.
Formability Analysis and Oxidation Layer Effects in Dieless Drawing of Stainless Steel Wires

In this study, dieless drawing experiments of stainless steel SUS304 wires of 1 mm in diameter were carried out using a self-developed dieless drawing machine. In order to prevent oxidation, argon gas was applied to a self-designed chamber during dieless drawing processes. The effects of the forming temperature and the oxide layer on the mechanical properties of the drawn SUS304 stainless wires obtained by tensile tests are discussed in this paper. A finite element model considering the high frequency induction heating mode in the finite element software DEFORM2D was developed to conduct the heat transfer analysis and the formability analysis of the drawn products in dieless drawing of stainless steel wires. The effects of the drawing speed and forming temperature on the maximal reachable area reductions are discussed. Through the comparisons of the maximal reachable area reduction between the finite element simulations and experiments, the finite element modelling for dieless drawing processes was validated.
Fabrication and characterisation of inorganic monolayers for semiconductors and devices

Monolayers derived from layered materials exhibit electrical, magnetic and optical properties radically different to the bulk. Therefore, industrially-viable methods for fabrication of layered materials from precursors will find application in fields as diverse as electronics, fuel cells and light technology. In this thesis, several new avenues for 2D materials synthesis are explored. A novel synthetic method for highly-crystalline micron-sized domains of monolayers of phase-pure MoS2 by liquid atomic layer deposition (ALD). Single-crystalline MoS2 with domain sizes up to 100 μm (among the largest reported) and an area of ~5,000 μm2 is demonstrated and proved by optical and electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) characterisation. The new process combines liquid chemistry with discrete, layer-by-layer deposition of precursors for the first time. The quality of MoS2 is comparable to that obtained by chemical vapour deposition (CVD). Hence, this method for MoS2 production potentially provides a low-cost and large-scale route to 2D materials. An application for the technique is presented, involving development of an MoS2—WS2 heterostructure, aiming to exploit the unique optical properties of heterostructured materials in type II band alignment. A high-quality heterostructure is demonstrated, exhibiting good vertical coverage of the overlayer, as shown by XRD and Raman spectroscopy. Hydroxide-mediated liquid exfoliation of SnS2 is presented as a safe, high-quality alternative to lithium-ion intercalation. The resulting SnS2 nanoflakes are shown to be monolayer and of good crystallinity, by optical microscopy (OM), Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The application of AFM to fundamental study of interlayer van der Waals (vdW) forces in layered materials is explored by combining the technique with liquid exfoliation.
The Design and Implementation of a Covering MDN-Complete-Life-Cycle Malicious Domain Detection Framework

Malicious domain name (MDN) detection has seen greatly progress in recent years. In this paper, one covering MDN-Complete-Life-Cycle malicious domain name detection framework is proposed. The framework includes three detection models: DGAD-M (Domain Generation Algorithm Detection Model), DIPD-M (Domain IP Detection Model) and DHTD-M (Domain Host Detection Model), corresponding to the process of the malicious domain generation, malicious domain name resolution and the host requesting a domain. DGAD-M bases on the fact that the domains generated by DGA are always short of natural language features, it adopts Convolutional Neural Network. DIPD-M bases on the fact that the IP addresses of the malicious domains are more disperse and updated frequently. DHTD-M bases on the fact that the domains requested by infected hosts are frequently tend to be malicious. The results of DGAD-M and DIPD-M will be used by DHTD-M. The framework got the accuracy rate of 83.652% with the real network flow and found out 115 suspicious malicious domains.
Data interlinking with relational concept analysis

Vast amounts of RDF data are made available on the web by various institutions providing overlapping information. To be fully exploited, different representations of the same object across various data sets have to be identified. This is what is called data interlinking. One novel way to generate such links is to use link keys. Link keys generalise database keys by applying them across two data sets. The structure of RDF makes this problem much more complex than for relational databases for several reasons. An instance can have multiple values for a given attribute. Moreover, values of properties are not necessarily datatypes but instances of the graph. A first method has been designed to extract and select link keys from two classes of objects which deals with multiple values but not object values. Moreover, the extraction step has been rephrased in formal concept analysis (FCA) allowing to generate link keys across relational tables. Our aim is to extend this work so that it can deal with multiple values. Then, we show how to use it to deal with object values when the data set is cycle free. This encoding does not necessarily generate the optimal link keys. Hence, we use relational concept analysis (RCA), an extension of FCA taking relations between concepts into account. We show that a new expression of this problem is able to extract the optimal link keys even in the prese
Evaluation of thermal decomposition characteristics and kinetic parameters of melina wood

Abstract The evaluation of thermal decomposition characteristics and kinetic parameters of melina wood were investigated. Proximate, ultimate and calorific value analyses of the melina wood were carried out based on standards. Melina wood was subjected to multiple heating rates (5–15 °C/min) in thermogravimetric experiment. Two prominent isoconversional methods (Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Starink) were adopted to obtain kinetic parameters from the non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis curves. The ash, volatile matter and carbon contents of the melina were 2.15, 81.42 and 47.05%, respectively, while the calorific value was 18.72 MJ/kg. The main devolatilization stage of melina ranged from 220 °C to 350 °C while 80% weight loss was obtained below 400 °C. The activation energy varied between approximately 15 and 162 kJ/mol as a function of degree of conversion. The pre-exponential factors varied between 1.60E + 2 and 5.67 E + 12/min. The decomposition kinetic mechanism of melina is concluded to be a multi-step reaction.
Jurassic–Early Cenozoic Tectonic Inversion in the Qilian Shan and Qaidam Basin, North Tibet: New Insight From Seismic Reflection, Isopach Mapping, and Drill Core Data

The pre‐Cenozoic structural pattern of Asia has had a strong impact on the localization and propagation of the Cenozoic deformation that gave birth to the Tibetan Plateau. Northern Tibet represents a key area to decipher the structural and kinematic links between the Mesozoic and Cenozoic evolution of Tibet. Nonetheless, the Mesozoic tectonic setting of the North Tibet and the role that the Paleozoic inherited Altyn Tagh Fault (ATF) shearing zone played in controlling the regional tectonic pattern during the deposition of the Mesozoic strata remain controversial. This study is based on seismic reflections, isopach maps of the Mesozoic strata in the Qaidam Basin, and provenance analysis using detrital zircon geochronological and heavy mineral contents. Seismic reflections and isopach maps demonstrate that sustained strike‐slip motion along the ATF during the Early to Late Jurassic induced transtensional basin formation. Further away from the main ATF (eastern parts of the Qilian Shan and the northern Qaidam Basin), transtension also occurred along major faults, although local transpression developed in relay zones. Rotation in the regional stress field induced compression and basin inversion during the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous. The Cenozoic sedimentary rocks in these regions display widespread growth strata and angular unconformities characteristic of compression. This is consistent with topographic changes marked by sediment source variation evidenced by detrital zircon geochronology and heavy mineral analysis. We propose that the mechanism driving the Jurassic extension/transtension in North Tibet could be related to far‐field effects of subduction processes along the southern margins of the continent.
An efficient method for Multimedia Answer Generation for complex queries by Harvesting Web Information

-QA(Question Answering) has emerged as an alternative method for retrieving information online. The information seekers can able to post their questions on any topic. The seekers obtain textual answers for their questions. This paper explains about MMQA, by which the users are able to get better answers including multimedia contents. The existing QA forums mostly support only textual answers or the URLs. But sometimes the textual answers may not provide sufficient information and it may be difficult to grasp the textual information. So, MMQA is a scheme that is able to enrich textual answers in cQA with appropriate media data which is more informative for users. But it fails to generate proper results for the complex large questions. Document Summarisation is the technique which is for summarising the large complex questions, from that it can generate appropriate multimedia answers based on the questions
Precise Measurement of Carrier Concentrations in n-Type GaN by Phase-Shifting Electron Holography

1 Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 456-8587, Japan. 2 Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8603, Japan. 3 Department of Electronics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8603, Japan. 4 Materials Research and Development Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsutaku, Nagoya, Aichi, 456-8587, Japan. 5 Akasaki Research Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8603, Japan.