Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Changes in the Occurrence Period of Adults of the Soybean Podborer, Leguminivora Glycinivorella Matsumura (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

盛岡のダイズ圃場において1982∼1987年の6年間,7月下旬から9月中旬までの毎日マメシンクイガの捕獲調査を行った。 成虫は7月29日から9月20日の間に捕獲され,8月11∼24日に50%捕獲日,8月10∼27日に最多捕獲日が見られた。 捕獲数の曲線は,1世代の成虫からなると思われる発蛾数曲線を示した。 日別の発蛾数曲線には年次により1山形,2山形等の変化が見られた。 この発蛾パターンには気温の変動が影響するようで,平均気温の低下によって捕獲数は減少し,昇温によって増加した。 蛹化は,夏至以後の短日化によって促進され,18∼45日後に蛹化開始すると算出された。 6月下旬と8月上旬までの半旬ごとの平均気温と50%捕獲日との間には,負の相関関係が見られ,夏至以後の気温が高いほど,50%捕獲日は早まる傾向を示した。 東北地方における発蛾期の地域別変動に及ぼす気象要因についても考察した。
Containment and Concentration of Mountain Pine Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) Infestations with Semiochemicals: Validation by Sampling of Baited and Surrounding Zones

Attack intensification within mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, infestations in five stands of lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta var. latifolia Englemann, was compared within a central zone (A) and two concentric, surrounding zones (B and C) that were 50 and 100 m wide, respectively. When trees in Zone A were baited at 50-m centers with semiochemicals ( trans-verbenol, exo-brevicomin, and myrcene ), ratios of newly attacked (green) trees to previously attacked (red) trees were greater in Zone A than the outer zones in two of three stands, indicating successful containment and concentration of these infestations. In two control stands in which Zone A was unbaited, the green/red ratios were higher in Zone B than in the other two zones, indicating an outward spread of the infestation. Baiting of trees caused an increase in attack density in Zone A. Attack density and diameter were positively correlated for all sites. Incorporating attack density and tree diameter into a weighted green/red ratio or an attack intensification ratio amplified the results obtained by calculating unweighted green/red ratios, and indicated containment and concentration in the third experimental stand. These results confirm that tree baiting is an effective method of containing and concentrating mountain pine beetle infestations.
The Effects of Density on Resource Partitioning in Chamaesyce hirta (Euphorbiaceae)

The pattern of resource allocation in Chamaesyce hirta was significantly affected by both density and nutrient availability. Increased intraspecific competition and decreased nutrient levels produced decreases in the proportion of total plant energy allocated to repro- ductive tissues in all units tested. A 32-fold increase in density diminished reproductive effort by one-third and an 8-fold decrease in nutrient levels diminished reproductive effort by one- half. These results are in agreement with theoretical predictions that for a resource-limited population, reproductive effort should decrease with decreasing resource availability. Increased root growth seemed to be inversely related to reproductive effort.
A trajetória da doença renal crônica em portadores de hipertensão arterial no contexto da atenção primária à saúde

SILVA, Luciana Saraiva da, D.Sc., Universidade Federal de Viçosa, September, 2017. The trajectory of chronic kidney disease in patients with arterial hypertension in primary health care. Adviser: Rosângela Minardi Mitre Cotta. Co-advisers: Carla de Oliveira Barbosa Rosa, Glauce Dias da Costa and Paulo Marcondes Carvalho Junior. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been increasing worldwide, with an annual increase of 8 to 16%, which is higher than overall population growth. In Brazil, 10 million individuals have some degree of renal alteration, having as an aggravation, the fact that it is an illness unknown to many patients. In addition, 52 million are at risk of developing the disease because they are elderly, obese, high blood pressure (AH) or diabetes mellitus (DM), the groups most prone to kidney problems. It is important to note that CKD often goes quietly to its most advanced stages and, when the individual seeks health care, already presents one or more complications of the disease, such as anemia, mineral and bone disorders, metabolic acidosis, malnutrition, and cardiovascular changes. Unfortunately, CKD has been underdiagnosed and inadequately treated, resulting in unfavorable outcome and high cost of treatment. In this context, it should be highlighted that the professionals who work in Primary Health Care (PHC) play an important role in the early diagnosis, follow-up and referral of patients to specialists, when necessary. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the trajectory of CKD in AH patients registered in APS in the city of Porto Firme, Minas Gerais, with emphasis on the evolution of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and complications of this disease. This is a observational, longitudinal, prospective study with a focus on the prognosis of CKD. In a previous study carried out in 2012, 293 AH patients were screened for the diagnosis of CKD by means of the GFR estimated by the CKD-EPI formula and the analysis of proteinuria and albuminuria in 24-hour urine. Of these, 113 individuals were diagnosed with CKD. In the present study, individuals diagnosed with CKD were evaluated every three months during the 12-month period (May/2015 – May/2016). For renal function analysis, serum creatinine and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio were evaluated. As for complications, anemia was evaluated for hemoglobin, ferritin, total iron binding capacity, latent Iron binding capacity and transferrin saturation index. For mineral and bone disorders, calcium, phosphorus, intact PTH, vitamin D-1,25 dihydroxy and alkaline phosphatase were evaluated. The study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the
The separation of the phagocytic cells of the peritoneal exudate into two distinct types.

The observations reported in the preceding communication 1 led us to consider the possibility that the phagocytic cells occurring in peritoneal exudates might be separated into the same two groups that were found in the spleen. It has been possible to demonstrate that this is true. A normal rabbit was given intraperitoneally 25 cc. of whole blood, which had been removed by a sterile puncture from the heart of another rabbit, and, after 24 hours, samples of the exudate were removed and studied. Another injection was then given and the examination repeated at the end of the second 24 hours. This procedure was repeated at 24 hour intervals over as long a time as was desired. Some of the experiments were carried out on rabbits whose blood-cells had been carefully matched, while in other instances animals were selected in which the serum of one agglutinated the red blood-cells of the other and vice versa. The exudate was studied with neutral red and Janus green in vital-dye films. It has been shown 2 that the first reaction that takes place after the introduction of any substance into the peritoneal cavity is the emigration of polymorphonuclear leucocytes, which appear in the exudate at the end of four to six hours. In the material obtained from our animals at the end of 24 hours there were always large numbers of leucocytes, the majority of which were actively motile, though some were rounded up and a few were in the “non-motile phase. ” In addition to these, the predominant cell was the typical clasmatocyte which had phagocytized erythrocytes and whose general appearance corresponded very closely with those previously described. 1 They were usually large cells, varying in size from 20 to 30 micra in diameter.
Synchronous Rhythmic Flashing of Fireflies. II.

Synchronized flashingby males of some firefly species involves a capacity for visually coordinated, rhythmically coincident, inter-individual behair that is apparently unique in the animal kingdom except for a few other arthropods and for man. This paper reviews (1) diverse communicative interactions that have evolved from elementary photic signals, (2) physiological mechanisms of synchronism, and (3) theories about its biological meaning. Work of the past 20 years shows that flash synchrony is widespread geographically and taxonomically, appears in an astonishing range of spectacular display types, utilizes several neural flash-control mechanisms and is pervasively but enigmatically involved in courthsip. No proposed function for synchrony has been fully established but theory and physiology concur in indicating that synchrony aids male orientation toward the female, female recognition of male flashing, or both. Increased mate choice for the female is one likely ultimate benefit.
Blood Sugar Findings During Pregnancy in Normals and Possible Prediabetics

Numerous investigations indicate that women who acquired diabetes after the menopause have had a definitely increased tendency to bear big infants. A prediabetic syndrome in women has been postulated on this basis. Apart from the tendency to bear big infants (with an increased perinatal mortality) obesity appears to be an important sign in prediabetic women, as pointed out by Pirart. The relationship between infant size and the risk of acquiring diabetes has been calculated by Kriss and Futcher. These phenomena are well known and several reviews have been recorded.
How competitive trade-offs limit elevation ranges for temperate-breeding hummingbirds

One intriguing hypothesis about range limits of species along environmental gradients is that interspecific interference competition limits the activity of the better exploitation competitor. The hypothesis works if the costs of interference and (or) exploitation vary along the gradient. However, in some systems, species turnover happens over gradients that may be too short to induce changes in costs associated with competition. An example is breeding Black-chinned Hummingbirds (Archilochus alexandri (Bourcier and Mulsant, 1846)) and Broad-tailed Hummingbirds (Selasphorus platycercus (Swainson, 1827)) in western Colorado, USA, where turnover happens over ∼400 m. We recorded foraging and chasing activity of the two species at feeders and found that their foraging activity changed with elevation but interspecific competition did not. Because the foraging activity of the two species changed inversely with each other, it may be the presence of Black-chinned Hummingbirds rather than active interference that limits the activity of Broad-tailed Hummingbirds. Importantly, the relationship between foraging activity and elevation depended on the distance between the two feeders, which shows that relationships with elevation are contingent on other factors such as spatial distribution of resources. Our results suggest that interspecific differences in flight performance are not manifested over the short elevation gradient and do not account for changes in activity. Flight performance may indirectly affect patterns in breeding-season activity by influencing how species interact with other competitors during the nonbreeding season.
Patologías que afectan a Crocodylus acutus (Cuvier, 1807) en el criadero Sabanalamar, Cuba

Poor management and feeding practices involved in rearing in captivity the American crocodile, Crocodylus acutus (Cuvier, 1807), are stressors that predispose to disease. In the crocodile culture operation at Sabanalamar, Pinar del Rio Province, weakened physical condition and diseases have caused mortality in the young animals. This served as motivation for undertaking diagnoses to identify the pathologies that affect the juvenile stages of the crocodile under one system in captivity, and to evaluate the sensitivity of the pathogens detected to ten types of antibiotics. Ten juveniles of C. acutus were subjected to clinical, bacteriological, and histopathological examination. The pathogenic bacteria isolated in highest percentage belonged to the genera Aeromonas and Pseudomonas. Of these, Aeromonas were susceptible to amikacin and gentamicin, while Pseudomonas was resistant to all 10 antibiotics tested. The pathological alterations observed led to diagnosis of hypovitaminosis A, leading to weakened animals and the bacterial septicemia and mortality observed in juvenile stages.
Paleosuchus trigonatus Nests: Sources of heat and embryo sex ratios.

All crocodilians which have been studied normally incubate their eggs at temperatures above 27 C (Magnusson et al., 1985). Sources of heat for nests include insolation, metabolic heat of embryos, and decomposition of vegetation included in the nest. Incubation temperatures affect the sex of hatchlings (Fergusson and Joanen, 1982, 1983; Webb et al., 1983a; Webb and Smith, 1984; Ferguson, 1985; Webb et al., 1987), post-hatching survival and growth under standardized conditions (Joanen et al., 1987), and influence the preferred temperatures of juveniles (Lang, 1987). Only two species of crocodilians, Paleosuchus trigonatus and Osteolaemus tetraspis, normally inhabit closed canopy rainforest far from large rivers and lakes. These species may face particular problems in maintaining their nests at the high and stable temperatures required by other species of crocodilians because insolation reaching ground level in rainforest may be only 0.5% that recorded outside the forest (Terborgh, 1985). Thermal relations of natural nests of 0. tetraspis have not been studied, but Magnusson et al. (1985) studied the temperatures in four nests of Paleosuchus trigonatus late in incubation. Based on these nests and nine abandoned nests from previous seasons they made the following predictions:
Role of sucrose synthase and invertases during petal senescence in rose (Rosa hybrida L.)

Summary The roles of sucrose synthase and invertases were explored in relation to petal senescence in rose (Rosa hybrida L.). A developmental shift in the activities of these enzymes was observed. Higher sucrose synthase activity (0.52 – 0.95 µmol sucrose min–1 mg–1 protein) was observed during the initial stages (S1 and S2) of flower bud development, in contrast to invertases. However, the lower activity (0.56 µmol sucrose min–1 mg–1 protein) of sucrose synthase at a later stage (S6) of senescence could help the mobilisation of vacuolar sucrose. The different isoforms of invertase exhibited variable levels of activity. Insoluble acid invertases (IAI) were the most active (11.01 µmol glucose min–1 mg–1 protein), followed by soluble acid invertases (SAI; 8.02 µmol glucose min–1 mg–1 protein), and soluble neutral invertases (SNI; 0.74 µmol glucose min–1 mg–1 protein) at Stage-4. A significant decline in invertase activities (IAI, 0.98; SAI, 1.25; SNI, 0.32 µmol glucose min–1 mg–1 protein) coincided with higher levels of ethylene production at the later stages (S5 and S6) of flower bud development and senescence. We propose that developmental as well as ethylene-mediated pathways account for petal senescence in rose.
Altitudinal Variation in the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Snow Gum, Eucalyptus pauciflora Sieb. Ex Spreng. II. Effects of Growth Temperature Under Controlled Conditions

The photosynthetic responses of three altitudinal populations of snow gum, E. pauciflora Sieb. ex Spreng. , were examined on material grown at a range of day/night temperatures from 8/4 to 33/28°C. The pattern of the photosynthetic responses to growth temperature was generally similar for all populations but the material from the lowest-elevation, warmest, site showed the highest temperature optimum and significantly higher rates of net photosynthesis at the highest growth temperature. In a corresponding way, the material from the highest-elevation, coldest, site showed the lowest temperature optimum, and significantly higher rates of net photosynthesis at the lowest growth temperature. This pattern, also reflected in the responses of rI, the intracellular resistance, and rI, the gas-phase resistance, supported the view that E. pauciflora shows continuous variation in physiological responses through its altitudinal range. The peak values of net photosynthesis were high for all populations, but were greatest, 81 ng cm-2 s-1, in the lowest elevation material and decreased to 72 ng cm-2 s-1 in the highest-elevation material. Corresponding values of rI ranged from 2.5 - 3.0 s cm-1, and for rI from 2.4 - 3.3 s cm-1. These levels compare favourably with levels reported for other woody species.
The Effects of Various Periodontal Procedures on the Detection of Bacteria in the Bloodstream

Background : Transient bacteraemias have been detected following dental manipulation for many years. Infective endocarditis can arise in susceptible individuals and antibiotic prophylaxis is required for certain procedures considered to be 'at risk'. Evidence is emerging that periodontal disease may contribute a significant risk factor for the development of certain diseases and CVD could be detrimentally influenced by the repeated entry of bacteria into the bloodstream. It is possible that antimicrobial mouthwashes such as chlorhexidine, could influence the subgingival microflora, reducing the levels of bacteraemia induced by instrumentation. Method: A single blind parallel study lasting two weeks. A baseline blood sample was obtained from 38 volunteers with untreated periodontal disease following which a periodontal probing depth chart was collected. A blood sample was taken following this procedure. Patients were assigned to a mouthwash by a random block assignment chart by the order in which they attended. Following 2 weeks of either chlorhexidine or fluoride mouthwash use twice daily a blood sample was taken. Each subject rinsed with their mouthwash for 1 minute and performed toothbrushing for 2 minutes. A blood sample was taken following this procedure. A full mouth cavitron scaling was performed and a final blood sample was taken. Blood samples were analysed by conventional microbiology. Polymerase Chain Reaction and the LAL assay. Results : Incidence of bacteraemias detected by conventional culture were : cavitron scaling (13.33%), periodontal probing (13.16%), toothbrushing (3.33%). By PCR : cavitron scaling (20%), toothbrushing (13.3%), probing (10.8%). The LAL assay was not considered to be a robust technique for LPS detection. Sample numbers were too small to determine any mouthwash effects. Conclusions : These findings would suggest that dental bacteraemias induced by periodontal procedures are of a low level and pose further questions on the clinical significance of bacteraemia induced by dental manipulation.
Avaliação da cavidade orofaríngea da tartaruga da Amazônia, Podocnemis expansa (Schweigger, 1812)

Os quelonios sao importantes como fonte alimentar e economica para as comunidades da regiao amazonica. Sendo assim, a caca, a pesca e a procura por ovos destes animais tem ocorrido frequentemente. Podocnemis expansa (Tartaruga da Amazonia) e o maior quelonio de agua doce da America do Sul. E uma especie largamente distribuida, porem, nota-se que aspectos anatomicos da especie sao insuficientemente descritos. O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever a cavidade orofaringea desses quelonios. Foram utilizadas 12 cabecas de P. expansa adultas, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 3 a 8 anos, com peso corporeo de 5 a 22kg (media de 7,5kg). P. expansa conta com a presenca de rafontecas afiadas e bem desenvolvidas que, associadas a musculatura potente da mandibula e a lingua volumosa e bem distribuida no assoalho da orofaringe, atuam na apreensao e degluticao do alimento, garantindo uma maior adaptacao em diversos ambientes.
A Model for Scheduling Flowering of a Limonium sinuatum × Limonium perezii Hybrid

Observations of leaf number accumulation rate (LNAR) and light integrals (DLI) were used to develop a predictive model for time to flower for a novel hybrid of Limonium sinuatum (L.) Mill. x Limonium perezii (Stapf) Hubb. Plants were established in a temperature-controlled greenhouse at seven planting times from fall to late spring. Long days were maintained using daylength extension lighting. Two light regimes, full sun or 50% shade, were also used. DLI was highly correlated with the time to appearance of the first visible flower bud, explaining in excess of 80% of the variation. When combined with plant growth variables describing either LNAR or rates of increase in groundcover index, a second model was able to predict the date of first visible flowers and accounted for more variation than DLI alone. Daily average temperature (DAT) did not significantly contribute to variation in time to first visible flower because temperatures were uniform between successive plantings at 18 to 21.7 °C. However, DAT was significant for the period from visible flower through to flower harvest maturity. Growers of these hybrids for cut flowers can therefore use historical records of DLI to determine planting dates to schedule flowering. Once planting has occurred, by measuring actual DLI, DAT, and leaf number per plant, growers can use the second model to more accurately predict the dates for visible flowers and flower harvest.
Trade-offs and constraints in plant-herbivore defense theory: a life-history perspective

Trade-offs and constraints are key ideas in plant defense theory. Here I argue that trade-offs, such as those between defense and growth, may be better understood by incorporating insights from life-history studies. Specifically, I set out criteria for characterizing resource based trade-offs, because these lie at the heart of current defense theory. I show that defense theory is often supported by inappropriate evidence from negative trait associations seen in the field, or from genetic studies. Such evidence is inappropriate because trade-offs grounded in genetic constraints can differ fundamentally from those conceived in terms of limiting resources. In work on resource based trade-offs there is often a failure to consider the critical issues of whether the resources involved are limiting, and whether this limitation is imposed by the assimilatory capacity of the organism or by a shortage in its environment. Another important consideration is whether a trade-off is between two traits that jointly consume all resources. Where this is not the case, unforeseen trade-offs with "third party traits" may confound analyses. I discuss the practical issues of resolving these problems with plants, and present a program for future research on resource based trade-offs involving plant defense.
Note on the contact between a metal and an insulator or semi-conductor

According to quantum mechanics there exists in any non-metallic crystal a band of allowed electronic energy levels which are unoccupied when the crystal is in its state of lowest energy. We call this band the conduction band; the crystal can conduct electricity if electrons are raised into the conduction level from lower levels. According to the theory of semi-conductors given by Wilson, there exist in these substances lattice imperfections at which an electron can exist in a bound stationary state below the conduction band, electrons being raised from these levels into the conduction band by the thermal agitation of the surrounding atoms.
Optimization of ISSR-PCR Reaction System of Ustilago scitaminea Syd.

Using mating-type isolation of Ustilago scitaminea as material,genomic DNA of Ustilago scitaminea was extracted by CTAB method.At the same time several factors which might affect ISSR-PCR amplification in Ustilago scitaminea genomic DNA were analyzed and a better system was established.In the total volume of 25 μL,there were 1.5 U rTaq DNA polymerase,2.0 mmol/L Mg2+,0.2 mmol/L dNTP,0.2 μmol/L arbitrary primer,10-20 ng template DNA and 1 μL10 × PCR buffer.