Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Covid-19 Effects on HIV Infected Patients ART

The current outbreak of novel coronavirus has prompted an upsurge of fear, stigma and virusshaming that is all too familiar to people living with HIV. For health care providers and other front-line professionals serving people with HIV, this means not only the added burden of managing the outbreak among their patients and clients, but also the opportunity to alleviate panic and keep those they serve well-informed. This article consolidates the most recent provider-focused information available regarding the intersection between HIV and SARSCoV-2, the novel coronavirus behind the COVID-19 pandemic. The emergence of the novel coronavirus disease known as COVID-19 creates another health burden for people living with HIV (PLWH) who face multiple morbidities and may be at heightened risk for severe physical health illness from COVID-19. Our abilities to address these morbidities in PLWH must be considered alongside the socially-produced burdens that both place this population at risk for COVID-19 and heighten the likelihood of adverse outcomes. These burdens can affect the physical, emotional, and social well-being of PLWH and interfere with the delivery of effective healthcare and access to HIV treatment. We posit that a syndemic framework can be used to conceptualize the potential impact of COVID-19 among PLWH to inform the development of health programming services.
Antioxidant and anti-prostate cancer activities of Moringa oleifera, Phyllanthus amarus and Carica papaya

Background: Globally, interest in herbal medicines is increasing. In Ghana, most herbalist use herbal medicines for treatment of various ailments including prostate cancer, although no empirical evidence on their efficacies exists.Objective: The aim of the present study was to test for antioxidant and anti-prostate cancer activities of Moringa oleifera, Phyllanthus amarus and Carica papaya.Methods: Plants parts used were air-dried, ground and sequentially extracted using solvents with increasing order of polarity (petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and aqueous). The 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay, Folin Ciocalteu method and tetrazolium-based calorimetric assay were used to determine total antioxidant capacities, total phenolic content of extracts and cytotoxicities of the extracts against LNCaP and PC3 prostate cancer cells, respectively.Results: Ethanolic extract of P. amarus possessed the highest phenolic content while its aqueous extract showed the strongest antioxidant activity (EC50 = 19.32 ±1.13 µg/mL). Aqueous extract of C. papaya exhibited anti-prostate cancer activity with good selectivity towards PC3 cells [IC50 = 45.68 ± 1.16 µg/mL, selectivity index (SI) = 18], whereas dichloromethane extract of P. amarus showed the strongest anticancer activity against LNCaP cells (IC50 = 43.97 ± 1.14 µg/mL). Conclusion: These findings lend pharmacological credence to the anecdotal evidence of the anti-prostate cancer property of the plants. Further studies must be performed to identify the active principles in the bioactive plant components.
Problematic Smartphone Use Is Negatively Related To Physical Activity In American College Students

Multiple studies from our research group examining American adults have conclusively identified smartphone use as a sedentary behavior (SB). However, the same work has repeatedly found no relationship between smartphone use and physical activity (PA). Typically, SB is negatively related to PA. This may not be true of smartphones as the device can displace PA (e.g., watching videos, social media) and also promote PA (e.g., fitness apps, mHealth). Thus, different smartphone behavioral patterns should be considered in relationship to PA. Researchers have recently identified problematic smartphone use as a behavioral pattern motivated by the recurrent craving to use a smartphone. It is an addiction-like behavior leading individuals to use their smartphone compulsively in inappropriate situations such as during classroom lectures, while driving a car, or perhaps in environments intended for PA or planned exercise. Therefore, while total use is not associated with PA, problematic smartphone use may interfere with PA. PURPOSE: To assess the relationship between total and problematic smartphone use to PA in a sample of American college students. METHODS: A sample of American college students (N = 471, 21.1 ± 2.8 years old) completed validated surveys assessing total daily smartphone use, PA, SB (both assessed via the International Physical Activity Questionnaire) and problematic smartphone use (assessed via the Mobile Phone Problem Use 10-item scale). Pearson‘s correlations were then performed. RESULTS: As in previous studies, there was a significant, positive relationship between total daily smartphone use and SB (r = 0.31, p < 0.001) and no relationship with PA (r = 0.05, p = 0.32). However, while problematic smartphone use was similarly significantly and positively related to SB (r = .26, p < .001) it was also significantly and negatively related to PA (r = -0.18, p < .001). CONCLUSION: While prior research and the current study has found no relationship between total smartphone use and PA, this is the first study to assess the relationship between problematic smartphone use and PA. Results suggest that, unlike total daily smartphone use, problematic smartphone use may occur at the expense of PA behavior.
What the past can say about the present and future of fire

Abstract Wildfires are an integral part of most terrestrial ecosystems. Paleofire records composed of charcoal, soot, and other combustion products deposited in lake and marine sediments, soils, and ice provide a record of the varying importance of fire over time on every continent. This study reviews paleofire research to identify lessons about the nature of fire on Earth and how its past variability is relevant to modern environmental challenges. Four lessons are identified. First, fire is highly sensitive to climate change, and specifically to temperature changes. As long as there is abundant, dry fuel, we can expect that in a warming climate, fires will continue to grow unusually large, severe, and uncontrollable in fire-prone environments. Second, a better understanding of “slow” (interannual to multidecadal) socioecological processes is essential for predicting future wildfire and carbon emissions. Third, current patterns of burning, which are very low in some areas and very high in others—are often unprecedented in the context of the Holocene. Taken together, these insights point to a fourth lesson—that current changes in wildfire dynamics provide an opportunity for paleoecologists to engage the public and help them understand the potential consequences of anthropogenic climate change.
THROMBOPROPHYLAXIS IMPACT IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING MAJOR ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY IN SUDAN

Objective: Venous thromboembolism is an important complication of major orthopedic surgery. The aim of present study was to investigate the efficacy of the currently used thromboprophylaxis protocol, determine the incidence of VTE post operatively and the risk factors behind it in patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study for 403 patients underwent major orthopedic surgery from July 2013 to July 2014 in main hospitals in Khartoum state where major orthopedic surgery performed. Data were collected using observation checklist and analyzed using SPSS version 22 to study the association between the type of surgery, patient’s risk factors, choice and duration of thromboprophylaxis and development of VTE after major orthopedic surgery. Results: Total 403 patients were incorporated the study, 2.73% were diagnosed with DVT developed within 5 days post operatively. 1.64% of the patients not received any type of thromboprophylaxis, 0.27% wore compression stocking. Pharmacological methods were used in the rest of the patients, 96.72% administered to them enoxaparine. 75.95% of the patients presented with one or more than one risk factors for VTE other than the orthopedic surgery. 4% of patients received thromboprophylaxis for more than 14 days while 96% received it for 3-5 days. The incidence of DVT was higher in diabetic patients (pvalue= 0.03) and hypertensive (pvalue= 0.046) who aged ≥60 years. Conclusion: Results showed that VTE was a significant complication of major orthopedic surgery, despite the use of thromboprophylaxis and the incidence was 2.73% in our study.
KEPEMILIKAN ASING DAN KECENDERUNGAN EKSPOR-IMPOR INDUSTRI MAKANAN OLAHAN INDONESIA

Abstrak Sektor makanan olahan merupakan salah satu andalan ekspor nonmigas Indonesia. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan ekspor produk makanan olahan Indonesia adalah dengan melibatkan pihak asing agar menanamkan modalnya pada industri makanan olahan. Di sisi lain kepemilikan asing masih menjadi perdebatan di Indonesia. Pembatasan kepemilikan asing dilakukan untuk melindungi perusahaan domestik. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis dampak kepemilikan asing terhadap kecenderungan ekspor output dan impor bahan baku perusahaan makanan olahan Indonesia. Data yang digunakan adalah data cross section hasil Survei Tahunan Industri Besar dan Sedang tahun 2010 dan 2015 dari Badan Pusat Statistik. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis model Tobit. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa kepemilikan asing berpengaruh positif terhadap kecenderungan ekspor makanan olahan. Pengaruh besarnya porsi kepemilikan asing bergantung pada kebijakan substitusi impor atau promosi ekspor yang diterapkan pemerintah. Kepemilikan asing juga berpengaruh positif pada kecenderungan impor bahan baku makanan olahan. Oleh sebab itu, untuk meningkatkan ekspor makanan olahan pemerintah perlu mendorong investasi asing di industri makanan olahan. Upaya untuk mengurangi impor bahan baku oleh perusahaan asing dapat dilakukan dengan mendorong penyediaan bahan baku lokal yang kompetitif dari segi harga dan kualitas. Abstract The processed food sector is one of the contributors to Indonesia's non-oil and gas exports. One of the efforts to increase Indonesian processed food products export is by involving foreign parties to invest in the processed food industry. On the other hand, foreign ownership is still debated in Indonesia. Restrictions on foreign ownership are often done to protect domestic companies. This study aims to analyze the impact of foreign ownership on processed food export and raw material import propensity of Indonesia's processed food. The data used are the cross-section data from 2010 and 2015 Large and Medium Industry (IBS) from Statistics Indonesia. The Tobit regression model is utilized in this research. The results show that foreign ownership has a positive effect on processed food export propensity, but the large share of foreign ownership depends on the policies adopted by the government, whether import substitution or export promotion. Foreign ownership also has a positive effect on raw material import propensity. Therefore, to increase exports of processed food, the government needs to encourage foreign investment in the processed food industry. To reduce imports of raw materials by foreign firms is carried out by encouraging the domestic supply of raw materials, which is competitive in price and quality. JEL Classification: F14, F23, O53
Corruption and stock market development in EAP countries

Using macroeconomic factors as control variables, this paper examines the impact of corruption on the development of the stock market in East Asia and the Pacific (EAP) from 2008 to 2018. The research model uses GMM techniques to estimate panel data on two sub-sets of data, including five developed markets and seven emerging markets, and a dataset of both market groups. The market capitalization and the stock transaction value relative to GDP represent the development of the stock market, and the corruption control index represents the corruption factor. The empirical results found that corruption has a positive impact on the EAP stock market capitalization with the entire sample data set, which positively affects both size of the market capitalization value and value of stock transactions in underdeveloped markets. However, it is not statistically significant in explaining the development of developed stock markets. Besides, macroeconomic factors such as inflation, interest rates, savings, and credit affect some stock markets at EAP. Compared to previous studies, the article’s results found that corruption affects stock market capitalization and has a positive impact on stock liquidity in underdeveloped stock markets. Corruption affects more underdeveloped stock markets than developed stock markets. This may be due to the implicit relationship of economic benefits between large enterprises and officials in underdeveloped markets.
Kamu Harcamalarının Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisi: Wagner Yasası’nın ve Keynesyen Hipotez’in Türkiye'de Geçerliliği Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Bu calisma, Turkiye'de 2006-2019 donemi icin kamu harcamalarinin ekonomik buyume uzerindeki rolunu ve Wagner Yasasi ile Kenyesyen Hipotezinin gecerliligini incelemeyi amaclamistir. Bu amacla calismada, ucer aylik zaman serileri kullanilmis olup Phillips-Ouliaris esbutunlesme ve hata duzeltme modeli Granger Nedensellik test yontemleri uygulanmistir. Elde edilen bulgular, Turkiye'de kamu harcamalarinin reel gayri safi yurtici hasila buyumesi uzerinde etkili oldugunu, hem Wagner Yasasi'nin hem Keynesyen Hipotezin gecerli oldugunu gostermistir. Phillips-Ouliaris Esbutunlesme test sonuclari, kamu harcamasi degiskenleri ile reel gayri safi yurtici hasila degiskenlerinin uzun donemde iliskili olduklarini ortaya koymustur. Hata duzeltme modeli Granger Nedensellik test sonuclari da, kamu harcamasi degiskenleri ile reel gayri safi yurtici hasila degiskenleri arasinda nedensellik iliskisinin var oldugunu gostermistir.
Reverse shoulder arthroplasty glenoid lateralization influences scapular spine strains

Background Scapular spine insufficiency fractures following reverse shoulder arthroplasty are poorly understood. There exists limited literature regarding the role of reverse shoulder arthroplasty lateralization on scapular spine strains and fractures. The purpose of this cadaveric biomechanical simulator study was to evaluate the role of glenoid lateralization on scapular spine strain. Methods Eight cadaveric shoulders were tested using an in-vitro simulator. A custom modular reverse shoulder arthroplasty was implanted that allowed for in-situ glenoid lateralization adjustment. Scapular spine strain was measured by strain gauges placed in clinically relevant Levy zones along the scapular spine. All specimens were tested in loaded forward elevation and abduction. Results Glenoid lateralization from 0 to 5 mm caused negligible changes in scapular spine strains. Lateralization from 5 to 10 mm, however, caused significant increases in strain at 0° forward elevation in all strain gauges (p < 0.026). Strains measured in Levy zone 2 were significantly higher than all other locations (p < 0.039). Additionally, forward elevation resulted in significantly higher strain values than abduction (p = 0.001). Conclusions Glenoid lateralization is an important parameter in reverse shoulder arthroplasty; however, our results demonstrate higher degrees of lateralization may place higher strains on the scapular spine. An understanding of reverse shoulder arthroplasty lateralization and scapular spine strains is important to optimize parameters and to mitigate negative effects. Level of evidence Basic Sciences Study, Cadaveric Model, Biomechanics.
Single-shot phase extraction for fringe projection profilometry using deep convolutional generative adversarial network

This paper presents a single-shot phase extraction approach based on a deep convolutional generative adversarial network that generates a phase map and a quality mask from an input fringe pattern image. A novel loss function is proposed, and a large-scale (28 800 samples) real fringe pattern dataset is collected to train the network. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed method achieves significantly improved phase extraction accuracy and overcomes the main limitations of Fourier transform profilometry. In addition, the proposed method presents excellent performance for real-time computing, reaching approximately 100 f s−1 with a single GPU. Moreover, the proposed learning-based approach can automatically perform denoising and phase extraction, without any manually set parameters.
Ionic‐Conducting and Robust Multilayered Solid Electrolyte Interphases for Greatly Improved Rate and Cycling Capabilities of Sodium Ion Full Cells

The energy storage performance of sodium‐ion batteries has been greatly improved by pairing ether‐based electrolytes with high‐capacity alloy‐type anodes. However, the origin of this performance improvement by a unique electrode/electrolyte interface has yet to be explored. To understand such results, herein, the deterministic and distinct interfacial chemistries and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers in both the ether‐ and ester‐based electrolytes are described, as verified by post mortem, in‐depth X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy analyses, employing a hierarchical Bi/C composite anode as the model system. In the ether‐based electrolyte, fast sodium‐ion storage kinetics and structural integrity are achieved due to the highly ionic‐conducting and robust multi‐layered SEI consisting of an inner dense bismuth‐containing inorganic and outer polyether layer. No drastic capacity decay is observed over 1000 cycles and high capacity retention of 89% is achieved, increasing rates from 0.1 to 10 A g−1. The benefit of this SEI is confirmed to demonstrate a high energy density of 162 Wh kg−1 in a full‐cell and a high areal capacity of 3.3 mAh cm−2 even at a high mass loading of 11 mg cm−2, which is nearly equivalent to the loading of commercial lithium‐ion battery anodes.
A novel approach to spinal anaesthesia to avoid aerosol‐generating procedures in a patient with COVID‐19 presenting for laser prostate surgery

General anaesthesia involves aerosol‐generating procedures which, in the context of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, increases the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) transmission from patients to staff. This risk can be minimised by performing spinal or regional anaesthesia instead of general anaesthesia where possible. We report the successful management of a patient utilising spinal anaesthesia in a patient with COVID‐19 undergoing urgent holmium laser enucleation of prostate for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. A combination of bupivacaine, diamorphine and midazolam was administered intrathecally which provided adequate anaesthesia despite the prolonged surgical duration. Nebulised lidocaine was also given to prevent coughing during the procedure. This report demonstrates that it is possible and safe to use spinal anaesthesia to perform prolonged surgical procedures that are normally conducted under general anaesthesia using a combination of intrathecal adjuncts to facilitate effective block duration. In addition, the novel use of nebulised lidocaine for its antitussive effects in a patient with COVID‐19 is highlighted.
The referee's challenge: a threshold process model for decision making in sport games

ABSTRACT Judgment and decision making in sporting officials is a challenging task that involves the use of context. Although process models of decision making describe decision contexts, none of the existing models explains when sports officials use rule-driven decision making, or game management. The basic idea of our work is that referees use a subjective threshold to apply game management, which may explain this decision behavior. We propose a new dynamic threshold model that is based on concepts derived from Decision Field Theory. The model includes two thresholds of game management (high/low) and two contact situations (foul/no foul) as approaching one of these thresholds. Using the example of soccer refereeing, we argue that if the game hits a subjective threshold of aggressive play, then the referee shifts from applying the rules to managing the game. This new approach changes the scientific discussion from one focused on what referees should decide in one situation or the other, to a dynamic model that explains the basic psychological mechanism underlying the referee’s change in behavior during the game, both at the intra-individual as well as inter-individual level.
Teat Morphological and Milk Somatic Cell Comparison between Zebu Cattle (Deoni) and HF Crossbred (Bos taurus x Bos indicus)

India leads in global milk production with 187.7 million tonnes during 2018-19 with an annual growth rate of 6.4 per cent (NDDB, 2019) in which cattle contributes 45.0 per cent. This achievement is made possible only by means of selective breeding for milk production traits and promoting crossbreeding programme. Improvement of crossbred cattle was an important reason for this growth rate and self-sustainability of milk in our country. This was also reflected in 20 th Livestock census, there was about 6.00 per cent decrease in indigenous cattle population, whereas crossbred’s population was increased by 26.9 per cent in comparison to 19 th livestock census. The cause for decrease in population size of indigenous cattle is mainly due to milk production difference between these breeds. An average per day milk yield of crossbred’s ranges from 6.78 to 10 kg whereas most of indigenous cattle give average per day milk yield ranging from 2.5 to 4.0 kg (DAHD, 2020). This economic perspective would probably cause of increase in crossbred population compared to indigenous cattle population. Along with increasing milk production India also faces economic loses from farmer side due to mastitis annually 2.37 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 7 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Application of environmental probiotic on rearing snakehead fish (Channa striata)

This study aims to evaluate the application of environmental probiotic on production performance (survival rate, absolute weight and length, biomass weight and specific growth rate and blood condition level in snakehead fish (Channa striatus) rearing. The research was conducted at the Cibalagung Environmental Research and Toxicology Installation, Bogor, Indonesia. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three treatments, including RIFA probiotic, commercial probiotic, and without probiotic application repeated three times each experiment. Fish (weight: 6.5-6.9 ± 0.04 g) were reared in 300 L tanks with density of about 30 fish/tank. Fish were fed with commercial feed (31% protein content) about 5% biomass per day. The parameters observed were production performance, hematology, and water quality. All data were analyzed using ANOVA and continued by the Duncan test. Water quality parameters were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that RIFA probiotic treated on snakehead fish produced the best production performance compared to commercial probiotic and without probiotic applications. These results were supported by much better water quality parameters and hematology performance of the fish.