Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence for a Solar Flare Cause of the Pleistocene Mass Extinction

The hypothesis is presented that an abrupt rise in atmospheric radiocarbon concentration evident in the Cariaco Basin varve record at 12,837 ± 10 cal yr BP, contemporaneous with the Rancholabrean termination, may have been produced by a super-sized solar proton event (SPE) having a fluence of ~1.3 × 1011 protons/cm2. A SPE of this magnitude would have been large enough to deliver a lethal radiation dose of at least 3–6 Sv to the Earth's surface, and hence could have been a principal cause of the final termination of the Pleistocene megafauna and several genera of smaller mammals and birds. The event time-correlates with a large-magnitude acidity spike found at 1708.65 m in the GISP2 Greenland ice record, which is associated with high NO-3 ion concentrations and a rapid rise in 10Be deposition rate, all of which are indicators of a sudden cosmicray influx. The depletion of nitrate ions within this acidic ice layer suggests that the snowpack surface at that time was exposed to intense UV for a prolonged period, which is consistent with a temporary destruction of the polar ozone layer by solar cosmic rays. The acidity event also coincides with a large-magnitude, abrupt climatic excursion and is associated with elevated ammonium ion concentrations, an indicator of global fires.
Investigating of Human Resource Management Practices Effects on Knowledge Workers Intention to stay With Emphasis on Organization Commitment (A case Study of Research Institute of Petroleum Industry)

The main aim of this research is investigating of human resource management practices effects on knowledge workers' intention to stay in Iranian research institute of petroleum industry. In particular, the research identified the core factors of human resource management practices, which influence on the decision knowledge workers' to stay. These specific factors consisted of two bundles of practices: Human resource factors and Organizational factors. The outcome of the HRM-retention relationship was examined through organizational commitment. This study is an applied research according to the goals and objectives of the research and the method used in the current research is descriptive-correlational. The studied population of this study includes 561 individuals and the sample size is 234 individuals were chosen based on the krejcie-morgan table that selected through simple random sampling method. Questionnaire is the tool for gathering the data. Assess its validity is confirmed through review of face-content by teachers also calculated cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of the questionnaire after modification 0/9529 percent. SPSS software has been used for data analyzing. Descriptive statistics method such as frequency distribution, frequency percentage and tables were applied to analyze data. In inferential statistics section, Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple linear regression, ANOVA test, Durbin-Watson test and etc were used. This research consists of seven main hypotheses. The findings of this study revealed positive significant co-relationships between above factors and organizational commitment and intent to stay also shows direct and indirect influence above factors on organizational commitment and knowledge workers' intent to stay.
Assessment and Evaluation of Band Ratios, Brovey and HSV Techniques for Lithologic Discrimination and Mapping Using Landsat ETM+ and SPOT-5 Data

This study aims to assess and to evaluate band ratios, brovey and HSV (Hue-Saturation-Value) techniques for discrimination and mapping the basement rock units exposed at Wadi Bulghah area, Saudi Arabia using multispectral Landsat ETM+ and SPOT-5 panchromatic data. FieldSpec instrument is utilized to collect the spectral data of diorite, marble, gossan and volcanics, the main rock units exposed at the study area. Spectral profile of diorite exhibits very distinguished absorption features around 2.20 μm and 2.35 μm wavelength regions. These absorption features lead to lowering the band ratio values within the band-7 wavelength region. Diorite intrusions appear to have grey and dark grey image signatures on 7/3 and 7/2 band ratio images respectively. On the false color composite ratio image (7/3:R; 7/2:G and 5/2:B), diorite, marble, gossan and volcanics have very dark brown, dark blue, white and yellowish brown image signatures respectively. Image fusion between previously mentioned FCC ratio image and high spatial resolution (5 meters) SPOT-5 panchromatic image is carried out by using brovey and HSV transformation methods. Visual and statistical assessment methods prove that HSV fused image yields best image interpretability results rather than brovey image. It improves the spatial resolution of the original FCC ratios image with acceptable spectral preservation.
Kinematics and kinetics of two different overhead throws: passing and pitching

Study Design: Controlled Laboratory Study. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine kinematics and kinetics of the overhand throwing motion while throwing a football pass and a baseball fastball pitch. Background: Though the football throw seems similar to the overhand baseball throw except for the weight of the balls [. 42kg football versus . 14 kg baseball] the weight has been shown to affect shoulder position and stress throughout the throwing motion [6,11]. In addition, a football quarterback is at risk of shoulder injury as is a baseball pitcher. It is often stated that football quarterbacks are at risk of shoulder injury secondary to both the throwing motion and direct contact. No matter the weight of the ball, there should still be proper kinematics and sequential activation of the kinetic chain. Previous studies have been conducted examining those individuals who played baseball pitcher versus those who were football quarterback [6]. However there has yet to be a study examining those individuals who are dual sport players, baseball pitcher and football quarterback. Therefore the purpose of this study was to examine throwing kinematics and sequential activation of the segments of the same individual while throwing both a football pass and a baseball fastball pitch. It was hypothesized that both throws would display sequentiality; however, the baseball throw would have greater segmental speeds and there would be significant differences between throwing kinematics. Methods: Kinematic analysis was performed while 12 male athletes who play dual positions of quarterback and pitcher performed the two overhand throws: football
The upstream/downstream movement paradox of lotic invertebrates: quantitative evidence from a Welsh mountain stream

SUMMARY 1 This study attempts to determine the mechanisms by which the downstream displacement of lotic invertebrates is compensated by the upstream movements of immatures and adults. To this end, submerged and aerial traps were set up at three sites, each 100 m apart on a small mountain stream (Yr Ogof) in North Wales and operated for 12 months. 2 At Site 1 (the source), 19.3% of the benthic invertebrates lost as drift were replaced by the upstream movement of aquatic stages. At Site 2, the average upstream compensation was 51.1% (although there was a marked difference between the two traps at the site). At downstream Site 3 the average compensation was 55.4%. The net loss of benthos downstream over 1 year was estimated to be 261920 individuals from Site 1, 41891 from Site 2, and 40470 from Site 3. 3 At Sites 1 and 2, the numbers of invertebrates drifting were positively correlated with both current speed and water depth. At Sites 2 and 3, the numbers moving upstream were positively correlated with water temperature. At all three sites, the numbers of animals drifting were positively correlated with the numbers moving upstream, under water. 4 In none of the eight common species of stoneffy did females show a strong overall upstream flight preference—however, two species, Leuctra nigra and Nemoura erratica, showed a significant downstream preference. 5 As with the stonefly nymphs, most of the caddisfly larvae showed a longitudinal distribution. Agapetus fuscipes larvae were most abundant at Site 1, yet females showed no preferred flight direction—this would seem to be inappropriate for maintaining this larval distribution pattern. However, females caught moving upstream at Site 2 were bigger and contained twice as many eggs, which were also larger, than females moving upstream at Site 1. The flight patterns of the other Trichoptera also seemed inappropriate for maintaining their respective larval distributions. Immature insects moved upstream at certain sites and times, but trends were not consistent. There was no correlation between female flight direction and local wind speed and direction. 6 Downstream displacement of the most abundant non-insect species, Gammarus pulex, was quite considerable at all three sites. However, at several times during the year the numbers moving upstream approached or exceeded those drifting. Maintenance of benthic population densities in this species is thought to be through a combination of upstream movement (which was highly correlated with benthic density at Sites 1 and 3) and production of young over a long (10 month) reproductive period. Maintenance of the benthic populations of the immature stages of the majority of insect species in Yr Ogof is thought to be through oviposition by females in the vicinity of their emergence sites.
Advancing the Credit Channel and Credit Rationing in the Undergraduate Curriculum: A Useful Model

This paper introduces a model of the lending decision that accounts for credit rationing behavior as it captures fundamental aspects of the credit channel of monetary policy. The model distinguishes between the credit channel’s bank-lending and balance-sheet effects in its representation of how different types of shocks influence lending. It is hoped that the model will facilitate and encourage greater attention in the undergraduate curriculum to the credit channel as well as credit rationing, the significance of both having been accentuated by the recent sub-prime lending crisis and the Fed’s expanded responsibilities in the financial markets.
" The pig with the pink hat ": An experimental study on speech/gesture coordination during development

This paper presents two experimental pilot studies on the coordination between speech and pointing gestures in adults vs children, in a “find the odd one” game. Experiment 1 tests the effect of the length of the name of the target, and experiment 2 the place of the informative focus in the noun phrase that is used to designate the target. Both experiments reveal similar patterns of coordination in adults and children: (i) gesture adapts to the length of the spoken utterance; (ii) gesture starts before speech (all the more so for adults); (iii) the apex of the pointing gesture is aligned with the beginning of the name of the target, and not with the crucial informative feature in the utterance; and (iv) the end of the gesture is reached after the end of the spoken utterance.
Oxidative stress and alterations of antioxi- dant status in goats naturally infected with Mycoplasma agalactiae

L'objectif de cette etude etait de determiner les parametres biochimiques d'un stress oxydatif et les concentrations en vitamines anti-oxydantes chez des chevres naturellement infectees par Mycoplasma agalactiae. Quarante-sept chevres cliniquement atteintes d'agalaxie contagieuse et 20 chevres saines ont ete utilisees comme temoins. Des prelevements sanguins ont ete effectues a la veine jugulaire afin de mesurer les concentrations en vitamines A, E, C, en β-carotene, en glutathion (GSH) et en malondialdehyde (MDA) ainsi que les activites de la catalase (CAT) et des glutathione peroxidases (GSHPx). L'identification de M. agalactiae a ete realisee par mise en culture et PCR a partir du lait et des secretions mammaires des animaux malades. Par rapport aux temoins une augmentation significative des concentrations plasmatiques de MDA, associee a une reduction significativement importante des concentrations en GSH, β-carotene, vitamine C et vitamine E et de l'activite GSHPx a ete mise en evidence chez les chevres infectees par M. agalactiae. Ces resultats montrent clairement l'existence d'un stress oxydatif conduisant a un deficit des capacites anti-oxydantes enzymatiques et non enzymatiques durant cette infection.
Safety, Feasibility and Effectiveness of Balance and Gait Training Using Nintendo Wii Fit PlusÃ¢ÂÂ¢ on Unstable Surface in Patients with ParkinsonÃ¢ÂÂs Disease: A Pilot Study

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the safety, feasibility and effectiveness of the Nintendo Wii Fit PlusTM performed over unstable surfaces, on balance and gait of four patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods: Patients had a mean age of 67 years (± 8.2) and diagnosed with idiopathic PD as defined by stage 2 and 3 of the Hoehn Yahr scale, without signs of cognitive impairment (Mini Mental Status Examination >23). Patients were assessed by a blinded examiner pre and post 14 training sessions. Each session was 60-minutes in length, three times a week. In all sessions of training, patients played four times each game: the first two attempts of the games were performed on stable surface and the final two attempts were performed over unstable surface, standing on the balance board placed over four mats or mini-trampoline. Results: The main outcome was safety, assessed by the number of adverse events during the intervention. The secondary outcomes were: (1) feasibility, assessed by the performance of patients in the games and (2) the effectiveness, assessed by the Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest). No adverse events were reported. Patients improved their scores on games over the 14 sessions. After the intervention, patients demonstrated improvement of 9.19% (8.12%) on BESTest score. Conclusions: Motor training using the Wii Fit PlusTM performed over an unstable surface was safe, feasible and promoted improvement on static and dynamic balance of people with PD.
Circulation production and shedding from vertical axis wind turbine blades undergoing dynamic stall

Dynamic stall of vertical axis wind turbine blades strongly affects the efficiency of vertical axis wind turbines, especially at low tip speed ratios. Here we report measurements using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry of the dynamic stall behaviour of such turbines, and discuss the factors affecting the evolution, strength, and timing of vortex shedding from the turbine blades. It is found that tip speed ratio alone is insufficient to describe the circulation production and vortex shedding behaviour, and a more complete scaling is proposed.
Requiem for a mobile phone

The nostalgic consumption of images, which only a few years ago was practised mainly by adults, has lately become prevalent among Israeli teenage-girls. Girls often describe themselves as "nostalgic" and nostalgia has become a desired emotion. Unlike the nostalgia of former generations, this nostalgia is cumulative and not necessarily based on a strong dichotomous contrast between past and present. The transformation of nostalgia is closely related to developments in technology (the camera-phone and the internet) and in the possession-patterns of devices. Personal mobile phones are used by teenagers for production, archiving and consumption of documentary images on a daily basis. These images, not unrelated to those of mass media, are consumed by teenagers in order to evoke nostalgia and other emotions, as a technology of self. This trend also contributes to blur the ontic distinction between events and their representations.
Quantum Monte Carlo calculations of two neutrons in finite volume

Ab initio calculations provide direct access to the properties of pure neutron systems that are challenging to study experimentally. In addition to their importance for fundamental physics, their properties are required as input for effective field theories of the strong interaction. In this work, we perform auxiliary-field diffusion Monte Carlo calculations of the ground and first excited state of two neutrons in a finite box, considering a simple contact potential as well as chiral effective field theory interactions. We compare the results against exact diagonalizations and present a detailed analysis of the finite-volume effects, whose understanding is crucial for determining observables from the calculated energies. Using the L\"uscher formula, we extract the low-energy S-wave scattering parameters from ground- and excited-state energies for different box sizes.
Cryopreparation of tobacco Bright Yellow-2 (BY-2) suspension- cultured cells and application to immunogold localization of Green Fluorescent Protein-tagged-membrane-proteins

Electron microscopy investigations require excellent ultrastructure preservation, coupled with high antigenicity signal in specific applications of Golgi enzyme localization. The optimal detection of membrane-bound proteins needs appropriate specimen preparation techniques, such as cryo-methods known to provide higher cell structure and antigen preservation than conventional techniques. Two cryopreparation methods (high-pressure freezing and Tokuyasu techniques) applied to tobacco cultured cell lines are presented in this study. Two transgenic lines of tobacco cultured cells expressing GFP-fused proteins (Man-I-GFP and MUR3-GFP) were used to assess antigenicity under various conditions of cryomethods. According to cell morphology and immunolabeling detection, pre-freezing treatments are discussed in detail for high pressure freezing and freeze substituted samples embedded in both Spurr’s and London Resin White. In a same approach, the effect of two fixative solutions was investigated for cryosectioned suspensioncultured tobacco cells using Tokuyasu technique. Integrity during the thawing step and subsequent immunolabeling were analysed under chemical fixation conditions.
Effects of damage models in probabilistic assessment of structures: An illustrative example

Deterioration modelling of structures has gained significant importance in recent times in relation with structural health monitoring, rehabilitation, maintenance and decision making process. The behaviour of any deteriorating structure (or a network of structures) is extremely important while considering failure as defined from the viewpoint of both the owner/manager and the engineer. Since there are epistemic and aleatory uncertainties associated with any such process, the ideas of failure and the damage model require a probabilistic treatment. The time dependence of damage propagation very often depends on the climate conditions. On the other hand, the definition of failure by the owner and by the engineer may have different focus. These uncertainties and conflicts directly affect the assessment, optimal assessment time, repair and maintenance strategies, associated cost and the final decision regarding a structure at any given point or period of time. The paper discusses how the choice of a deterioration model (even non-functional) of a structure can affect the decision making options regarding a structure based on a probabilistic material and structure independent general framework through a simple and illustrative example. A wooden beam damaged by the growth of fungus is considered to be the benchmark problem in this regard. The damage is modelled to be comprised of two stages – the initiation and the propagation period. A Monte Carlo simulation investigates the effects of environmental parameters, active regions in time, conflicts of owner’s and engineer’s criteria and the critical location in a structure in terms of possible destructive or non destructive instrumentation.
To Carry Out Cross-disciplinary Innovation—With Electrospraying as an Example for Teaching Postgraduate Students

It is a common sense that innovations are easy to be created at the boundaries of different disciplines. Howerver, how to lead the postgraduate students, particualrly those are pursuing their master degree, to realize their cross-disciplinary innovations in their initial research life is a heavy task for their supervisors. In this paper, an advanced technology, electrospraying, is exploited as an excellent example to teach the postgraduate students to carry out their innovation processes, where the innovations happen not only in itself, but also in the selections of raw materials and the functional applications of the final products. The multiple disciplines, including polymer science, bioengineering, pharmaceutics, and food science, can collect together to the electrospraying processes for creating something new by crossing boundaries, and for thinking across them. Combining with the usage of modern advanced nanotechnology, and starting from the functional applications of nanomaterials, a series of similar innovations can be conceived along the approach demonstrated here.
A possible explanation of the nature of dark matter by Newtonian mechanics

We calculate the trajectory of a moving object on earth and the trajectory of the earth around the sun in a fourdimensional space (x, y, z, t). We see that the trajectory has a mass: this is what is called dark matter which mass depends on the mass of the moving object. Indeed the deformation of space, the track, deviates light as we are at the hypersurface of the universe, and that is the method of measurement of the 'mass' of the universe.
Bernoulli Free Boundary Problem for the Infinity Laplacian

We study the interior Bernoulli free boundary for the infinity Laplacian. Our results cover existence, uniqueness, and characterization of solutions (above a threshold representing the "infinity Bernoulli constant"), their regularity, and their relationship with the solutions to the interior Bernoulli problem for the $p$-laplacian.
Single Strand Conformational Polymorphism as a Molecular Marker for Detection of Variation between the Small Length ss DNA of Azospirillum, Phosphobacteria and Pseudomonas from the inoculated Bhendi field (COBH 1)

Single strand conformational polymorphism is used to identify specific microorganism from the microbial ecosystem at field level. Here the double strand DNA of each organism is converted to single strand and allowed to run in polyacrylamide gel. SSCP can differentiate small variation within same length DNA of different organism due to the difference in retention time, temperature, ionic strength and electrophorotic mobility of ss DNA. This concept is used in this experiment to identify the inoculated microbial consortium from the field by comparison with microbial consortium and pure culture. Azospirillum (Azospirillum brasilense sp 7) and phosphobacteria (Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf 1) cultures were used for development of liquid microbial consortium for precision farming system. Inoculated microbes from the field were identified through SSCP –PCR analysis. Appearance of unique domain of V 1 to V 9 region of 16srRNA is universal for all bacteria and archae microbial community. Universal primers were used to amplify the V 1 to V 2 region of 16srRNA gene of pure culture, microbial consortium and soil sample from inoculated field for SSCP gel electrophoresis. This study revealed that similar banding pattern was observed between soil sample from inoculated field, microbial consortiums and pure cultures. This experiment proved that SSCP gel electrophoresis is a powerful technique to find specific microorganism in the field in comparison with its pure culture strains without characterization of microorganism.