Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUMAN FOOT AS AN ORGAN OF LOCOMOTION

During the past year, I have been engaged in a study of the development of the feet of fifty children between the ages of 18 months and 4 years at the Institute of Child Welfare of the University of California. Although the research is still in progress and the number of cases thus far studied is small, a preliminary report of the work seems appropriate at this time, first, because a careful review of the existing literature indicates that attention should be called to the gaps in the knowledge of the functional development of the foot as an organ of locomotion, and second, because in the course of the investigation it was necessary to devise a new method. the description of which may be useful to ethers who are confronted with the problem of the accurate evaluation of foot function in children or adults. Despite the increasing substitution of other
The Effects of Lipoprotein(a) on Coronary Stent Restenosis

Background:Lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)] contains apolipoprotein (a), a structural homologue of plasminogen that competes with it for binding sites. It also acts by increasing plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between Lp (a) levels and the restenosis rate following successful coronary stent placement. Methods:The study included 306 patients who underwent coronary stent placement and follow-up coronary angiogram at Chonnam National University Hospital from August 1996 to June 2000. The restenosis rate was analyzed according to the level of Lp (a);Group I with high Lp (a) (n= 77, Lp (a)≥36 mg/dL, 58.9±8.8 years, female:35.1%) and Group II with low Lp (a) (n=229, Lp (a)<36 mg/dL, 57.7±9.8 years, female:18.8%). Results:1) There were no significant differences in the risk factors of atherosclerosis, clinical diagnosis, the number of involved coronary arteries, left ventricular function, and angiographic lesion characteristics by American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association classification or Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction flow in the two groups. 2) The angiographic restenosis rates did not differ between the two groups (group I:33.8%, group II:35.4%). Conclusion:Plasma Lp (a) levels are not related with the angiographic restenosis rate following coronary stent placement. (Korean Circulation J 2001;30(5):476-483)
IMMUNOTRANSFUSION AND ANTITOXIN THERAPY IN HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS INFECTIONS

Hemolytic streptococci produce disease by virtue of two attributes; namely, the ability of the bacteria to invade the body tissues and the capacity to form toxins. These are separate qualities requiring separate antibodies for their effective neutralization within the body. The immunologic evidence to support this conception is now sufficiently complete to warrant the therapeutic use of specific antitoxin and specific antibacterial antibody. Bacterial invasiveness connotes the ability of an organism to invade the body and there cause local or disseminated abscesses, cellulitis or bacteremia. The capacity to invade is a primary attribute of virulence, because bacteria must be able to live and multiply in order to produce harmful toxins in the body. The only definitely known method whereby the body can destroy gram-positive bacteria is the process of phagocytosis and intracellular digestion. Ward and Lyons 1 have recently presented a series of studies on the virulence of and the
The Effect of Soy Intake on Metabolic Profiles of Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

CONTEXT To our knowledge, no study has examined the effects of soy intake on metabolic status of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). OBJECTIVE This study was designed to assess the effects of soy intake on metabolic status of GDM women. METHODS A randomized clinical trial was performed among 68 women with GDM. Women were randomly assigned to receive either a control diet containing 0.8-g/kg protein (70% animal and 30% plant proteins) (n = 34) or a soy diet containing the same amount of protein with 35% animal protein, 35% soy protein, and 30% other plant proteins (n = 34) for 6 weeks. RESULTS Compared with soy protein consumption, the control group significantly increased fasting plasma glucose (+1.4 ± 11.6 vs -12.7 ± 13.2 mg/dL, P < .001), serum insulin levels (+5.0 ± 11.6 vs -0.9 ± 10.0 μIU/mL, P = .02), homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (+1.2 ± 2.7 vs -0.8 ± 2.2, P = .002), and decreased quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (-0.007 ± 0.02 vs +0.01 ± 0.03, P = .004). Administration of the control diet resulted in a significant difference in serum triglycerides changes (+31.3 ± 38.0 vs +8.9 ± 46.1 mg/dL, P = .03) compared with soy protein. There were a significant decrease in total antioxidant capacity (-35.0 ± 136.2 vs +81.8 ± 188.8 mmol/L, P = .005) and glutathione (-41.3 ± 145.7 vs +53.3 ± 117.3 μmol/L, P = .004) by the control diet intake compared with soy protein. The control diet group had a higher incidence of newborn hyperbilirubinemia (32.4% vs 8.8%, P = .01) and newborn hospitalization (20.6% vs 2.9%, P = .02) compared with soy protein. CONCLUSION Soy protein consumption in women with GDM significantly improved the glucose homeostasis parameters, triglycerides, and biomarkers of oxidative stress, as well as reductions in the incidence of newborn hyperbilirubinemia and hospitalizations.
Temperature Changes of greater or equal to 1 degree Celsius Alter Functional Neurologic Outcome and Histopathology in a Canine Model of Complete Cerebral Ischemia

Background Changes in basal temperature of greater or equal to 1 degree Celsius (e.g., fever-induced hyperthermia or anesthesia-related hypothermia) are a common occurrence in neurologically impaired patients. The current study tested the hypothesis that temperature changes as small as 1 degree Celsius or 2 degrees Celsius would significantly alter post-ischemic functional neurologic outcome and cerebral histopathology. The hypothesis was tested in a canine model of transient, complete cerebral ischemia.
Perfil sorológico para toxoplasmose em gestantes atendidas em maternidade

OBJECTIVES: To determine the serologic profile of toxoplasmosis and the main factors associated with susceptibility (patients without IgM and IgG antibodies) in pregnant women attended at a teaching-hospital in Recife, Brasil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out, enrolling 503 pregnant women submitted to serology for toxoplasmosis at IMIP (Recife) from October 2004 to April 2005. Anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies were studied by IFA. A short questionnaire was administered to patients to provide identification, demographic and obstetrical characteristics, past history of morbidity, habits and dwelling conditions. The chi-square and Fisher-exact tests were used at a 5% level of significance. RESULTS: Immunity for toxoplasmosis was present in 74.7%, susceptibility in 22.5% and "possible" active infection in 2.8% of patients. No significant associations were observed between toxoplasmosis susceptibility and age, location, conditions of morbidity, habits, dwelling conditions and sewage system, living with animals, pregnancy and gestational age. A significant association between toxoplasmosis susceptibility and schooling was found, with a higher frequency of susceptibility among women with eight or more years of schooling. CONCLUSION: Susceptibility for toxoplasmosis was relatively low in these prenatal patients and schooling was the only identifiable predictive factor.
Exercise-Induced Secretion of FGF21 and Follistatin Are Blocked by Pancreatic Clamp and Impaired in Type 2 Diabetes.

CONTEXT Hepatokines have emerged as liver-derived hormone-like factors. Plasma fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21 and follistatin increase with a high glucagon to insulin ratio and exercise, and resting levels are elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to investigate the regulatory roles of glucagon to insulin ratio and T2D on exercise-induced FGF21 and follistatin secretion. Design /Interventions: Young healthy males performed a 2-hour bicycle exercise bout followed by 5 hours of rest in supine position with and without a pancreatic clamp blocking the increase in the glucagon to insulin ratio. In addition, we evaluated exercise-induced plasma FGF21 and follistatin in patients with T2D compared with healthy controls in response to 1 hour of bicycle exercise followed by a 3-hour recovery period. RESULTS In healthy individuals, we observed a 10-fold (P < .002) increase in the glucagon to insulin ratio during exercise, which was abolished by the pancreatic clamp. Exercise with the pancreatic clamp completely blunted the exercise-induced increase in FGF21 (P = .007), whereas the induction of follistatin was approximately 50% reduced (P = .04). Exercise-induced FGF21 secretion was completely absent in patients with T2D, whereas the exercise-induced follistatin increase was impaired. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Exercise-induced increases in plasma FGF21 and follistatin are attenuated by the pancreatic clamp, indicating important roles for glucagon and insulin as upstream regulators. For follistatin, an additional regulatory mechanism must exist. Our data further show that exercise-induced FGF21 and follistatin secretion are impaired in patients with T2D. The magnitude of changes in glucagon and insulin or the sensitivity to these hormones seems central in the regulation of FGF21 and follistatin in humans.
Analysing model fit of psychometric process models: An overview, a new test and an application to the diffusion model

Cognitive psychometric models embed cognitive process models into a latent trait framework in order to allow for individual differences. Due to their close relationship to the response process the models allow for profound conclusions about the test takers. However, before such a model can be used its fit has to be checked carefully. In this manuscript we give an overview over existing tests of model fit and show their relation to the generalized moment test of Newey (Econometrica, 53, 1985, 1047) and Tauchen (J. Econometrics, 30, 1985, 415). We also present a new test, the Hausman test of misspecification (Hausman, Econometrica, 46, 1978, 1251). The Hausman test consists of a comparison of two estimates of the same item parameters which should be similar if the model holds. The performance of the Hausman test is evaluated in a simulation study. In this study we illustrate its application to two popular models in cognitive psychometrics, the Q-diffusion model and the D-diffusion model (van der Maas, Molenaar, Maris, Kievit, & Boorsboom, Psychol Rev., 118, 2011, 339; Molenaar, Tuerlinckx, & van der Maas, J. Stat. Softw., 66, 2015, 1). We also compare the performance of the test to four alternative tests of model fit, namely the M2 test (Molenaar et al., J. Stat. Softw., 66, 2015, 1), the moment test (Ranger et al., Br. J. Math. Stat. Psychol., 2016) and the test for binned time (Ranger & Kuhn, Psychol. Test. Asess. MODEL , 56, 2014b, 370). The simulation study indicates that the Hausman test is superior to the latter tests. The test closely adheres to the nominal Type I error rate and has higher power in most simulation conditions.
Case‐control study of familial lung cancer risks in UK women

Family history data from a case‐control study of lung cancer conducted in the United Kingdom between 1999 and 2004 were analysed to estimate familial risks of the disease. Comparison of lung cancer prevalence in first‐degree relatives of 1,482 female lung cancer cases and 1,079 female controls was undertaken using logistic regression adjusting for age and tobacco exposure. Overall, lung cancer in a first‐degree relative was associated with a significant increase in the risk of lung cancer [odds ratio (OR) 1.49; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.13–1.96]. For cases with early onset of the disease (< 60 years), the OR of lung cancer was 2.02 (95% CI, 1.22–3.34). Having 2 or more affected relatives was associated with an OR of 2.68 (95% CI, 1.29–5.55), with a significant trend in risk according to the number of relatives affected (p = 0.001). An increased risk of lung cancer associated with family history of the disease was observed when analysis was restricted to lifetime nonsmokers, although this did not reach significance (OR 1.23; 95% CI, 0.65–2.31). Results confirm previous findings and support the role of a familial predisposition to lung cancer. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Approximated adjusted fractional Bayes factors: A general method for testing informative hypotheses

Informative hypotheses are increasingly being used in psychological sciences because they adequately capture researchers' theories and expectations. In the Bayesian framework, the evaluation of informative hypotheses often makes use of default Bayes factors such as the fractional Bayes factor. This paper approximates and adjusts the fractional Bayes factor such that it can be used to evaluate informative hypotheses in general statistical models. In the fractional Bayes factor a fraction parameter must be specified which controls the amount of information in the data used for specifying an implicit prior. The remaining fraction is used for testing the informative hypotheses. We discuss different choices of this parameter and present a scheme for setting it. Furthermore, a software package is described which computes the approximated adjusted fractional Bayes factor. Using this software package, psychological researchers can evaluate informative hypotheses by means of Bayes factors in an easy manner. Two empirical examples are used to illustrate the procedure.
Efeito da fisioterapia contra-resistida com relação à massa corporal magra em pacientes no pós-operatório de cirurgia bariátrica

RACIONAL: Calculos metabolicos e de atividade fisica sao realizados a partir do tecido ativo presente no corpo, conhecido como massa corporal magra, que resulta da soma da massa magra isenta de gordura com a gordura essencial. A cinesioterapia e a musculacao terapeutica que auxilia na forca e flexibilidade. OBJETIVOS: No paciente submetido a tratamento cirurgico para obesidade morbida: 1) avaliar o efeito da fisioterapia contra-resistida na massa magra; 2) avaliar os fatores associados as variacoes de massa corporal magra com tratamento fisioterapeutico; 3) comparar o grupo de pacientes que perdeu com o que ganhou massa magra com o tratamento fisioterapeutico, analisando as co-morbidades que interferiram para esses resultados. METODO: Foram incluidos 100 pacientes operados pela tecnica de Fobi-Capella, ou derivacao em Y-de-Roux, sem anel e divididos em grupo A composto por pacientes que perderam massa corporal magra nos dois periodos avaliados (entre 30 dias e tres meses e entre tres meses e seis meses) e o grupo B pelos demais pacientes que apresentaram ganho de massa corporal magra em pelo menos um dos periodos avaliados. A coleta de dados foi realizada atraves do Protocolo Eletronico Multiprofissional em Cirurgia Bariatrica e Metabolica com Enfase em Fisioterapia, identificado pela siga SINPE© (Sistema Integrado de Protocolos Eletronicos). Os pacientes realizaram avaliacao fisioterapeutica pre-operatoria e foram acompanhados no periodo pos-operatorio em quatro fases: na internacao hospitalar, submetidos a musculacao terapeutica em 30 dias apos a operacao, aos tres meses e aos seis meses do pos-operatorio. RESULTADOS: Houve diferenca significativa entre as tres avaliacoes (p<0,001). Ao comparar a de 30 dias com tres meses, foi observada perda de massa corporal magra com significância estatistica (p<0,001). Da mesma forma, entre 30 dias e seis meses (p<0,001). Entretanto, o periodo entre tres meses e seis meses nao apresentou resultado com significância (p<0,612), demonstrando tendencia a manutencao de massa corporal magra. CONCLUSOES: A fisioterapia contra-resistida auxiliou na manutencao da massa corporal magra entre os periodos de tres meses e seis meses; 2) homens idosos, diabeticos e dislipidemicos perderam mais massa magra, sendo que o tempo de obesidade, doencas cardiovasculares e ortopedicas nao interferiram nas variacoes de massa magra; 3) os grupos A e B nao apresentaram diferencas significativas tanto para ganho como para perda em relacao as doencas cardiovasculares e ortopedicas; porem, pacientes com diabete melito e dislipidemias encontravam-se mais no Grupo A.
Modulation of chromatin function through linker histone H1 variants

In this review, the structural aspects of linker H1 histones are presented as a background for characterization of the factors influencing their function in animal and human chromatin. The action of H1 histone variants is largely determined by dynamic alterations of their intrinsically disordered tail domains, posttranslational modifications and allelic diversification. The interdependent effects of these factors can establish dynamic histone H1 states that may affect the organization and function of chromatin regions.
Herpes Simplex Virus Bronchopneumonitis in Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation in the Intensive Care Unit

Detection of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in the upper and lower respiratory tracts has been well described. In the throat, the viral reactivation is probably because of the immunoparalysis observed in such patients and/or as a result of microtrauma. However, it is not known whether the isolation of HSV from lower respiratory tract samples of nonimmunocompromised ventilated patients corresponds to bronchial contamination from mouth and/or throat, local tracheobronchial excretion of HSV, or true HSV lung involvement (bronchopneumonitis) with its own morbidity and mortality. The frequency of HSV bronchopneumonitis is variable in the literature but seems to be a common manifestation. Its diagnosis remains difficult because of unspecific clinical, biologic, and radiologic symptoms. HSV bronchopneumonitis is defined as a clinical deterioration, associated with HSV in the lower respiratory tract and HSV-specific nuclear inclusions in the cells of the bronchioloalveolar compartment. Risk factors associated with HSV bronchopneumonitis are immunosuppression, multiorgan failure, surgery, oral–labial lesions, HSV in the throat and macroscopic bronchial lesions seen during bronchoscopy. HSV bronchopneumonitis seems to be associated with longer duration of mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit (ICU) stay, but the efficacy of a specific antiviral agent in this population remains to be determined.
Strömung und Konditionierung der Atemluft

Die respiratorische Funktion der Nase, das Anwärmen, Anfeuchten und Säubern der Luft, ist eine Vorbedingung für einen ungestörten Gasaustausch in der Lunge. Kenntnisse über den Zusammenhang zwischen dem Bau der Nase und der Atemluftströmung sind Grundlage für das Verständnis der Klimatisierung und Reinigung der Atemluft. Diese Kenntnisse sind aber auch wichtig für unser therapeutisches Vorgehen, vor allem bei der funktionellen Rhinochirurgie.
Oxidative Glial Cell Damage Associated with White Matter Lesions in the Aging Human Brain

White matter lesions (WML) are common in brain aging and are associated with dementia. We aimed to investigate whether oxidative DNA damage and occur in WML and in apparently normal white matter in cases with lesions. Tissue from WML and control white matter from brains with lesions (controls lesional) and without lesions (controls non‐lesional) were obtained, using post‐mortem magnetic resonance imaging‐guided sampling, from the Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study. Oxidative damage was assessed by immunohistochemistry to 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxoguanosine (8‐OHdG) and Western blotting for malondialdehyde. DNA response was assessed by phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX), p53, senescence markers and by quantitative Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) panel for candidate DNA damage‐associated genes. 8‐OHdG was expressed in glia and endothelium, with increased expression in both WML and controls lesional compared with controls non‐lesional (P < 0.001). γH2Ax showed a similar, although attenuated difference among groups (P = 0.03). Expression of senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase and p16 suggested induction of senescence mechanisms in glia. Oxidative DNA damage and a DNA damage response are features of WML pathogenesis and suggest candidate mechanisms for glial dysfunction. Their expression in apparently normal white matter in cases with WML suggests that white matter dysfunction is not restricted to lesions. The role of this field‐effect lesion pathogenesis and cognitive impairment are areas to be defined.
Effects of Hydroxyethyl Starch and Modified Fluid Gelatine on Phagocytic Activity of Human Neutrophils and Monocytes – Results of a Randomized, Prospective Clinical Study

Background: Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) and modified fluid gelatine (MFG) are commonly used to replace intravascular volume. Experimental studies have revealed either an inhibitory effect or no effect of colloidal fluids on leukocyte function. We investigated prospectively the influence of several 6% HES (MW (Da) / degree of substitution: 70,000/0.5; 200,000/0.5; 450,000/0.7) and 3% MFG (MW 30,000 Da) solutions on phagocytic activity of circulating polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and monocytes. Patients and Methods: Following ethics committee approval, venous blood was drawn from 40 urological patients (n = 10 in each group) before and 1 h after infusion with 10 ml/kg of one of the above-mentioned solutions. None of the patients had any underlying disease known to interfere with leukocyte function. The phagocytic activity of neutrophils and monocytes was measured by the uptake of fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC)-labelled, opsonized bacteria by means of flow cytometry. Results: Phagocytic capacity of both neutrophils (94.01 ± 2.64%; mean ± SEM) and monocytes (89.80 ± 3.36%) was decreased following the application of MFG (p ≤ 0.05). No significant differences could be found in phagocytic activity following HES administration, regardless of molecular weight and degree of substitution. Conclusion: Our results indicate that leukocyte phagocytosis may vary according to the type of colloidal fluids used. The HES solutions investigated did not affect phagocytic activity of circulating PMNs and monocytes. However, leukocyte phagocytosis was impaired after MFG application.
Peroxisomal Disorders: A Review on Cerebellar Pathologies

Peroxisomes are organelles with diverse metabolic tasks including essential roles in lipid metabolism. They are of utmost importance for the normal functioning of the nervous system as most peroxisomal disorders are accompanied with neurological symptoms. Remarkably, the cerebellum exquisitely depends on intact peroxisomal function both during development and adulthood. In this review, we cover all aspects of cerebellar pathology that were reported in peroxisome biogenesis disorders and in diseases caused by dysfunction of the peroxisomal α‐oxidation, β‐oxidation or ether lipid synthesis pathways. We also discuss the phenotypes of mouse models in which cerebellar pathologies were recapitulated and search for connections with the metabolic abnormalities. It becomes increasingly clear that besides the most severe forms of peroxisome dysfunction that are associated with developmental cerebellar defects, milder impairments can give rise to ataxia later in life.
Die Epiphysiodese als Mittel zur Wachstumslenkung

: At the Orthopedic clinic of the university of Vienna epiphysiodeses have been used for treatment of leg-length-discrepancies and varus and valgus malformation. A physiological state was achieved in twelve joints out of 24 operated in sixteen patients. Bone age was to advanced in some of the other cases, while the staples were removed too late in the rest. We found the exclusive use of the growth prognosis for planning of the surgical procedure to be extremely difficult, which is why we now use fixed parameters (epiphyseal distance and growth prognosis) to define the ctg for exact mathematical evaluation. Not the surgical procedure is the problem in epiphysiodeses but planning of the operation.