Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classification of ADHD Individuals and Neurotypicals Using Reliable RELIEF: A Resting-State Study

Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) can reflect the intensity of spontaneous neuronal activity. Feature selection on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data combined with fALFF can be well used to study the pathology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and assist in its diagnosis. However, the unsatisfactory effect of feature selection limits the study of ADHD. In this study, a novel method is proposed to classify ADHD individuals and neurotypicals. This work introduces multiple linear regressions for reduction of confounding effects. After that, fALFF combined with principal component analysis (PCA), Shannon entropy (ShEn), and sample entropy (SampEn) are used to construct features, and a reliable RELIEF (R-RELIEF) algorithm is proposed to find the most prominent features. Public ADHD-200 dataset is used in this study to evaluate our method. The results in this study suggest that fALFF is a reliable fMRI marker for investigation of ADHD, and R-RELIEF shows good performance compared with RELIEF algorithm. Moreover, fALFF of many brain regions are found to differ between ADHD and neurotypicals, thus coinciding with the results of previous studies.
Molecular correlates of imatinib resistance in gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

PURPOSE Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) commonly harbor oncogenic mutations of the KIT or platelet-derived growth factor alpha (PDGFRA) kinases, which are targets for imatinib. In clinical studies, 75% to 90% of patients with advanced GISTs experience clinical benefit from imatinib. However, imatinib resistance is an increasing clinical problem. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred forty-seven patients with advanced, unresectable GISTs were enrolled onto a randomized, phase II clinical study of imatinib. Specimens from pretreatment and/or imatinib-resistant tumors were analyzed to identify molecular correlates of imatinib resistance. Secondary kinase mutations of KIT or PDGFRA that were identified in imatinib-resistant GISTs were biochemically profiled for imatinib sensitivity. RESULTS Molecular studies were performed using specimens from 10 patients with primary and 33 patients with secondary resistance. Imatinib-resistant tumors had levels of activated KIT that were similar to or greater than those typically found in untreated GISTs. Secondary kinase mutations were rare in GISTs with primary resistance but frequently found in GISTs with secondary resistance (10% v 67%; P = .002). Evidence for clonal evolution and/or polyclonal secondary kinase mutations was seen in three (18.8%) of 16 patients. Secondary kinase mutations were nonrandomly distributed and were associated with decreased imatinib sensitivity compared with typical KIT exon 11 mutations. Using RNAi technology, we demonstrated that imatinib-resistant GIST cells remain dependent on KIT kinase activity for activation of critical downstream signaling pathways. CONCLUSION Different molecular mechanisms are responsible for primary and secondary imatinib resistance in GISTs. These findings have implications for future approaches to the growing problem of imatinib resistance in patients with advanced GISTs.
ACTIVATION OF BACTERIAL CYTOCHROME P450 IN THE INTESTINE OF LARVAL MOSQUITOES AN INDICATION OF ITS ROLE IN THE INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE

Mosquitoes apply very important impact on people life, and their control, day by day, is getting harder and harder. This difficulty comes from different issues such as insecticide resistance. The gut microbiome (GM) in different animals has been discovered to add principle influence on the gastrointestinal tract physiology. For example, GM participates in degradation of some poisonus chemicals into safer molecules that could be handled by the animal host. Eukaryotic cytochrome P450 has been detected to inseret some degradation processes in other animal models such as zebra fish. However, these effects are not yet known in mosquitos. In order to stand on these problems and find if the prokaryotic P450 is involved, this study had been done to find out if the GM has any role in developing such resistance in mosquitos. Larvae were used in this experiment which exposed to benzothiozole (BZT) to trigger the hypothetical role of prokaryotic P450. By using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the result indicates that the bacterial P450 was initiated and might be involved in the BZT exposure handling. INTRODUCTION Mosquitoes affect people life by inducing big impact through disease transmition such as Rift Valley Fever and West Nile virus (1, 2), and their eradication difficulties are devastatingly increasing. These problems induced by different issues such as insecticide resistance (3, 4). The gut microbiome (GM) in different animals has been discovered to add principle influence on the gastrointestinal tract physiology and pathology such as Alzheimer's Disease and entambiasis (5,
Using ordered weight averaging (OWA) for multicriteria soil fertility evaluation by GIS (case study: southeast Iran)

Abstract. The Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and the Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are used to provide more accurate decisions for decision makers in order to evaluate the effective factors of the natural science. One of the popular algorithms of the multi-criteria analysis is the Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA). The OWA procedure depends on some parameters which can be specified by means of the fuzzy logic. The aim of this study is to take the advantage of incorporating the fuzzy logic into GIS-based soil fertility analysis by OWA in the west of Shiraz, Fars province, Iran. In fact, different soil fertility maps with different risk level are prepared in the present study. This study introduces a method for farmers in case of make balance between their budget and their farm soil parameters. A farmer can accept more risk it can use more areas for farming and also the amount of needed budget increases too. For determining the soil fertility maps, the OWA parameters such as potassium (K), phosphor (P), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), organic carbon (OC) and zinc (Zn) were used. After generating the interpolation maps with the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW), the fuzzy maps were generated by the membership functions for each parameter. Finally, by utilizing OWA, six fertility maps with different risk levels (degrees of uncertainty) were made. The results show that by decreasing the risk (no trade-off), increasing the risk, more area within the study area was suitable in terms of the soil fertility. Therefore, using OWA can generate many maps with different risk levels. This leads to different managements based on different financial conditions of farmers.
HELP: Helper-Enabled In-Band Device Pairing Resistant Against Signal Cancellation

Bootstrapping trust between wireless devices without entering or preloading secrets is a fundamental security problem in many applications, including home networking, mobile device tethering, and the Internet-of-Things. This is because many new wireless devices lack the necessary interfaces (keyboard, screen, etc.) to manually enter passwords, or are often preloaded with default keys that are easily leaked. Alternatively, two devices can establish a common secret by executing key agreement protocols. However, the latter are vulnerable to Man-in-theMiddle (MitM) attacks. In the wireless domain, MitM attacks can be launched by manipulating the over-the-air transmissions. The strongest form of manipulation is signal cancellation, which completely annihilates the signal at a targeted receiver. Recently, cancellation attacks were shown to be practical under predictable channel conditions, without an effective defense mechanism. In this paper, we propose HELP, a helper-assisted message integrity verification primitive that detects message manipulation and signal cancellation over the wireless channel (rather than prevent it). By leveraging transmissions from a helper device which has already established trust with one of the devices (e.g., the hub), we enable signal tampering detection with high probability. We then use HELP to build a device pairing protocol, which securely introduces new devices to the network without requiring them to share any secret keys with the existing devices beforehand. We carry out extensive analysis and real-world experiments to validate the security and performance of our proposed protocol.
Structural optimization of high speed permanent magnet synchronous motor for flywheel energy storage

With the advantages of low loss, high efficiency high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor (HSPMSM) is widely adopted in the flywheel energy storage system (FESS). Structure parameters of the HSPMSM are optimized to achieve higher power and efficiency under the condition of same size. In this paper, a 30kW, 96000rpm HSPMSM is designed and the finite element model is established. From HSPMSM model, the motor is optimized for minimum loss and maximum efficiency. Based on the comprehensive evaluation above the impact on the motor electromagnetic parameters defined by size parameters, the optimal sizes of the motor parameters and the relationship between power, efficiency and size parameters are obtained. The prototype is manufactured and no-load experiment is finished. The result is consistent with the simulation data.
Détection automatique d’anomalies sur deux styles de parole dysarthrique: parole lue vs spontanée (Automatic anomaly detection for dysarthria across two speech styles : read vs spontaneous speech)[In French]

L’évaluation perceptive de la parole pathologique reste le standard dans la pratique clinique pour le diagnostic et le suivi des patients. De telles méthodes incluent plusieurs tâches telles que la lecture, la parole spontanée, le chant, les mots isolés, la voyelle tenue, etc. Dans ce contexte, les outils de traitement automatique de la parole ont montré leur pertinence dans l’évaluation de la qualité de parole ainsi que dans le cadre de la communication améliorée et alternative (CAA) pour les patients atteints de troubles de parole. Cependant, peu de travaux ont étudié l’utilisation de ces outils sur la parole spontanée. Ce papier examine le comportement d’un système de détection automatique d’anomalies au niveau phonème face à la parole dysarthrique lue et spontanée. Le comportement du système révèle une variabilité inter-pathologique à travers les styles de parole.
Analysis on Trapping Kinetics of Stress-Induced Trapped Holes in Gate Dielectric of Amorphous HfInZnO TFT

A comprehensive study was done regarding stability under simultaneous stress of light and negative gate dc bias in amorphous hafnium-indium-zinc-oxide (α-HIZO) thin-film transistors. A negative threshold voltage (V<sub>th</sub>) shift and an anomalous hump were observed in transfer characteristics after the stress, and it is explained that these phenomena are caused by the hole trapping in the SiO<sub>2</sub> gate insulator, not by interface state generation. Furthermore, capacitance-voltage (C<sub>G</sub>-V<sub>G</sub>) measurements were performed with various frequencies to investigate the vertical distribution of the trapped holes in the gate insulator. As a result, the correlation between the vertical location of the trapped holes and the influence on C<sub>G</sub>-V<sub>G</sub> characteristics were revealed clearly. First, at the beginning of the stress, photogenerated holes are mainly trapped at the α-HIZO/SiO<sub>2</sub> interface and interfacial SiO<sub>2</sub> in contact with the interface, which induces the negative V<sub>th</sub> shift. Second, as the stress time increases, the holes start to be trapped in the spatially deeper insulator, which leads to an additional hump in the C<sub>G</sub>-V<sub>G</sub> characteristics at sufficiently low frequencies.
Modern treatment of thalassaemia intermedia

The term thalassaemia intermedia includes a large spectrum of conditions of varying severity. Blood transfusion and chelation are necessary in some patients, especially during childhood, in order to promote growth and prevent bone deformities. Alloimunisation, however, is frequent and can be difficult to control. Splenectomy is usually needed at some time because of hypersplenism and mechanical encumbrance. Reactivation of HbF is possible only in a small proportion of patients: hydroxycarbamide (also known as hydroxyurea) appears to be the most effective drug for this purpose. Antioxidant agents, although theoretically useful, do not improve haemoglobin levels. Stem cell transplantation is an option limited to the severe forms. Gene therapy and other molecular approaches are subjects of intense study. Numerous complications, including pulmonary hypertension, thrombotic events, pseudoxanthoma elasticum and osteoporosis, have been described and all contribute to complicate the treatment of a disease that represents a significant burden for the patients and their families.
Stereotactic planning software for human neurotransplantation: suitability in 22 surgical cases of Huntington's disease.

PURPOSE Intrastriatal neural transplantation using multiple grafts is an experimental approach to the treatment of Huntington's disease (HD). Brain atrophy makes stereotactic plans in these patients a tedious procedure with a risk of suboptimal spatial distribution of the grafts in transplantation procedures. Here we present a self-developed software to optimize the surgical stereotactic planning for bilateral neurotransplantation procedures. It allows close to symmetrical distribution of the stereotactic coordinates in relation to the mid-commissural point (MCP), proposing automatically the planning coordinates for the first transplanted hemisphere and mirrored coordinates to be used in the contra-lateral hemisphere. METHODS Twenty-two consecutive HD patients underwent bilateral stereotactic striatal transplantation. Two caudate nucleus and four putaminal tracks were planned bilaterally. For the second, contra-lateral transplantation, the coordinates were mirrored in order to determine contralateral targets and trajectories. Intra-individual comparison between software given coordinates and finally used coordinates was performed. RESULTS No statistical significance was found comparing a) the differences between coordinates proposed by the software and the final coordinates and b) the distribution of the transplantation sites in relation to the midline for the right vs. left hemisphere. No intra- or postoperative transplantation-related adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS The use of model-based and mirrored coordinates allowed optimal spatial distribution of the grafts. Minor changes were required comparing right to left coordinates giving proof-of principle. The initial use of the software suggests that it may be useful in experimental transplantation trials where neural cell grafts are to be implanted into predefined target sites in the human brain, whether unilateral or bilateral.
The analysis of a kind of modularization transverse flux motor used in electrical vehicle

The aim of this paper is to analyze a kind of modularization transverse flux motor (MTFM) and compare it with ordinary motors. The basic principle and control method of this motor have been discussed in this paper. And the simulation results of the motor's basic unit have been presented and analyzed, the benefits of the modularization structure also been concluded. The requirements of the motor used in an electrical vehicle (EV) was proposed. To satisfy the requirements an induction motor (IM), a switched reluctance motor (SRM), a permanent magnet motor (PMSM) and a MTFM were designed. Then, simulation results and control method of the four motors were discussed and compared. The paper reports the results of the design and simulation results of the MTFM and four motors which meet the same requirements were compared with it. The results show that, the MTFM can achieve a relatively higher power density than other four motors and it is very light which relatively suit the EV application.
Domestic violence and pregnancy - perspective from Islamabad and Rawalpindi.

World Health Organization (WHO) defines domestic violence as: “the range of sexually, psychologically and physically coercive acts used against young and adolescent women by current or former male intimate partners”. 1 Based on 48 population-based surveys, a WHO 2002 report concluded that 10-69% of women have been physically abused by their intimate partners.2 Studies in Pakistan have documented the prevalence of domestic violence against women; both from the perspective of men as well as women.3,4 Those studies reported verbal abuse e.g. shouting or screaming and physical abuse e.g. hitting or pushing ranging from 58% to 100% and 32.8% to 56%, respectively during as well as prior to pregnancy. While marital rape rate i.e. nonconsensual sex with one’s wife, of upto 47-77% have been documented.3,4 However, none of these or other studies in Pakistan used a standardized questionnaire to collect data so as to meaningfully compare results locally as well as internationally. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence, and severity of domestic violence in conveniently selected pregnant women visiting public sector hospitals in Islamabad and Rawalpindi, using the Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS). 5 Additional questions were added to this questionnaire to determine opinions about the role of religion in domestic violence, as well as correlates of health consequences of those experiencing this violence. A cross-sectional survey with convenience sampling was conducted among the 20 years and older pregnant women who were married for at least one year; approached at the Obstetric and Gynaecology outpatient departments of two public sector hospitals each in Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Three female graduate students, trained in data collection, individually approached potential respondents who were unaccompanied by any male. A structured, intervieweradministered, and pre-tested questionnaire was used with both open and close-ended questions on demographics, opinions and personal experiences pertaining to domestic violence. The questionnaire also contained all the elements of the AAS but the questions and answer options were revised so as to refer to the husband only rather than boyfriend, stranger or exhusband. Respondents were explained the objective of the study as opinions and experiences about domestic violence; and after obtaining verbal consent, the questionnaire was administered and responses were recorded by the interviewers. Complete confidentiality was assured to all participants; names and addresses were not asked or recorded, while voluntary participation was emphasized in this study. Data were analyzed for frequencies and counts with STATA 9.
Drawing to Learn in Science

Emerging research suggests drawing should be explicitly recognized as a key element in science education. Should science learners be challenged to draw more? Certainly making visualizations is integral to scientific thinking. Scientists do not use words only but rely on diagrams, graphs, videos, photographs, and other images to make discoveries, explain findings, and excite public interest. From the notebooks of Faraday and Maxwell (1) to current professional practices of chemists (2), scientists imagine new relations, test ideas, and elaborate knowledge through visual representations (3–5).
An MDP approach to modeling and control of real-time pricing systems

Real-time pricing of electricity is a system that charges different electricity prices for different hours of the day and for different days, and is effective for reducing the peak and flattening the load curve. On the other hand, the eco-point point system in Japan was introduced to stimulate the economy and raise awareness of global warming. In this paper, we consider a real-time pricing system that computes both the electricity price and the points, and propose a modeling method and an optimal control method using a Markov decision process (MDP). First, the outline of the proposed approach is explained. Next, a model of a set of customers is derived as a multi-agent MDP. Furthermore, the optimal control problem is formulated, and is reduced to a quadratic programming problem. Finally, a numerical simulation is shown.
Recombinant expression and purification of an enzymatically active cysteine proteinase of the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica.

Cysteine proteinases and in particular cysteine proteinase 5 (EhCP5) of Entamoeba histolytica are considered important for ameba pathogenicity. To study EhCP5 in more detail a protocol was elaborated to produce considerable amounts of the enzyme in its active form. The protein was expressed in Escherichia coli as a histidine-tagged pro-enzyme and purified to homogeneity under denaturing conditions in the presence of guanidine-HCl using nickel affinity chromatography. Renaturation was performed by 100-fold dilution in a buffer containing reduced and oxidized thiols, which led to soluble but enzymatically inactive pro-enzyme. Further processing and activation was achieved in the presence of 10 mM DTT and 0.04% SDS at 37 degrees C. Recombinant enzyme (rEhCP5) was indistinguishable from native EhCP5 purified from E. histolytica lysates. Both runs in SDS-PAGE under reducing and nonreducing conditions at positions corresponding to 27 and 29 kDa, respectively, had the same pH optima and displayed similar specific activity against azocasein. Moreover, both enzymes were active against a broad spectrum of biological and synthetic substrates such as mucin, fibrinogen, collagen, human hemoglobin, bovine serum albumin, gelatin, human IgG, Z-Arg-Arg-pNA, and Z-Ala-Arg-Arg-pNA, but not against Z-Phe-Arg-pNA. The identity of rEhCP5 as a cysteine proteinase was confirmed by inhibition with specific cysteine proteinase inhibitors. In contrast, various compounds known to specifically inhibit aspartic, metallo, or serine proteinases had no effect on rEhCP5 activity.
Health status and health care experiences among homeless patients in federally supported health centers: findings from the 2009 patient survey.

OBJECTIVE To examine health status and health care experiences of homeless patients in health centers and to compare them with their nonhomeless counterparts. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING Nationally representative data from the 2009 Health Center Patient Survey. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional analyses were limited to adults (n = 2,683). We compared sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions, access to health care, and utilization of services among homeless and nonhomeless patients. We also examined the independent effect of homelessness on health care access and utilization, as well as factors that influenced homeless patients' health care experiences. DATA COLLECTION Computer-assisted personal interviews were conducted with health center patients. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Homeless patients had worse health status-lifetime burden of chronic conditions, mental health problems, and substance use problems-compared with housed respondents. In adjusted analyses, homeless patients had twice the odds as housed patients of having unmet medical care needs in the past year (OR = 1.98, 95 percent CI: 1.24-3.16) and twice the odds of having an ED visit in the past year (OR = 2.00, 95 percent CI: 1.37-2.92). CONCLUSIONS There is an ongoing need to focus on the health issues that disproportionately affect homeless populations. Among health center patients, homelessness is an independent risk factor for unmet medical needs and ED use.