Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ERRATUM: Suprasubduction zone ophiolite fragments in the central Appalachian orogen: Evidence for mantle and Moho in the Baltimore Mafic Complex (Maryland, USA)

Suprasubduction zone (SSZ) ophiolites of the northern Appalachians (eastern North America) have provided key constraints on the fundamental tectonic processes responsible for the evolution of the Appalachian orogen. The central and southern Appalachians, which extend from southern New York to Alabama (USA), also contain numerous ultramafic-mafic bodies that have been interpreted as ophiolite fragments; however, this interpretation is a matter of debate, with the origin(s) of such occurrences also attributed to layered intrusions. These disparate proposed origins, alongside the range of possible magmatic affinities, have varied potential implications for the magmatic and tectonic evolution of the central and southern Appalachian orogen and its relationship with the northern Appalachian orogen. We present the results of field observations, petrography, bulk-rock geochemistry, and spinel mineral chemistry for ultramafic portions of the Baltimore Mafic Complex, which refers to a series of ultramafic-mafic bodies that are discontinuously exposed in Maryland and southern Pennsylvania (USA). Our data indicate that the Baltimore Mafic Complex comprises SSZ ophiolite fragments. The Soldiers Delight Ultramafite displays geochemical characteristics—including highly depleted bulk-rock trace element patterns and high Cr# of spinel—characteristic of subduction-related mantle peridotites and serpentinites. The Hollofield Ultramafite likely represents the “layered ultramafics” that form the Moho. Interpretation of the Baltimore Mafic Complex as an Iapetus Ocean–derived SSZ ophiolite in the central Appalachian orogen raises the possibility that a broadly coeval suite of ophiolites is preserved along thousands of kilometers of orogenic strike.
Degree-Based Topological Indices of Polysaccharides: Amylose and Blue Starch-Iodine Complex

Starch is a polymer of glucose where alpha-linkages are associated with glucopyranose units. It comprises a mixture of amylose and amylopectin. Furthermore, amylose is a linear chain of hundreds of glucose molecules. Starches are not allowed to be dissolved in water. )ey can be digested by breaking down alpha bonds (glycosidic bonds). Its cyclic degradation products, called cyclodextrins, are the best role models for amylose. )ey can be considered simple turns of the amylose propeller that has imploded into a circular path. Both humans and animals have amylases, which allow them to digest starches. )e important sources of starch include potatoes, rice, wheat, and maize for human consumption. )e production of starches is how plants store glucose. )e blue colour of starch produced by an iodine solution or iodine reaction is used for its identification. Polysaccharides with a reduced degree of polymerization, known as dextrins, are produced in the starch’s partial acid hydrolysis. Complete hydrolysis leads to glucose. In this article, we compute the topological properties: Zagreb index M1(Γ) and M2(Γ), Randić index Rα(Γ) for α � − (1/2), − 1, (1/2), 1, atom-bond connectivity index ABC(Γ), geometric-arithmetic index GA(Γ), fourth atom-bond connectivity index ABC4(Γ), fifth geometric-arithmetic index GA5(Γ), and degree-based topological indices of a graph Γ representing polysaccharides, namely, amylose and blue starch-iodine complex. In the end, we compare these indices and depict their graphic behavior.
Modified Electrodes for Energy and Sensing Applications

This thesis describes the research focused on the study of different electrode supports modified with layered double hydroxides (LDHs) on Co or Ni as M(II) and Al or Fe as M(III) or conducting polymers for energy applications. The LDHs were characterized by electrochemical techniques, FE-SEM, XRD, XPS and XAS. Glassy carbon and Pt electrodes modified with electrosynthesized LDHs were employed in order to investigate their performances as oxygen evolution reaction catalysts and as pseudocapacitor materials. Moreover, the electrochemical synthesis of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) on indium tin oxide (ITO) was carried out in order to exploit an alternative route to fabricate bulk heterojunction solar cells with similar performances but less expensive than those obtained by casting. The photoactive layer was composed by [6,6]-phenyl-C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as electron acceptor, while as donor polymer it was employed either the commonly employed rr-poly(3-hexylthiophene) or a polythiophene copolymer, functionalized with a porphyrin derivative in order to improve the absorption in the UV/Vis region. In the second part of the thesis, the LDHs modified electrodes were employed for sensing, taking into account the electrocatalytic oxidation of sugars. Ni/Al or Ni/Fe LDHs were studied with the aim to investigate again the effect of Fe on the electrocatalysis. LDHs prepared both by chemical and electrochemical syntheses were employed with the aim of studying the effect of the order degree on the LDHs performance since this parameter is crucial to improve the “sensing” properties. Furthermore, a sensor for the amperometric detection of sugars in flow systems, based on Co/Al LDH electrosynthesized on Pt electrodes, was developed. A mixture of sugars was submitted to high performance anion chromatography with amperometric detection, using the modified electrode as the working electrode. Moreover, to assess the applicability of the device glucose, fructose, and sucrose content in real samples were successfully determined.
The Neural Network Assisted Land Use Regression

Land Use Regression (LUR) is one of the air quality assessment modelling techniques. Its advantages lie mainly in a much simpler mathematical apparatus, quicker and simpler calculations, and a possibility to incorporate more factors affecting pollutant concentration than standard dispersion models. The goal of the study was to perform the LUR model in the Polish-Czech-Slovakian Tritia region, to test two sets of pollution data input factors, i.e., factors based on emission data and pollution dispersion model results, to test regression via neural networks and compare it with standard linear regression. Both input datasets, emission data and pollution dispersion model results, provided a similar quality of results in the case when standard linear regression was used, the R2 of the models was 0.639 and 0.652. Neural network regression provided a significantly higher quality of the models, their R2 was 0.937 and 0.938 for the factors based on emission data and pollution dispersion model results respectively.
Efficient photoselectrochemical hydrogen production utilizing of APbI3 (A = Na, Cs, and Li) perovskites nanorods

This study investigated the structural, morphological, and optical absorption of three separate perovskites (NaPbI3, CsPbI3, and LiPbI3) developed by a low‐cost and massive hydrothermal production technique. For all samples, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurement demonstrated the growth of perovskites in the hexagonal phase along (002) orientation. From the scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses, the perovskites have mixed morphologies between nano/micro rods and nano/microdiscs. In the visible field, NaPbI3 demonstrated stronger light absorption than CsPbI3 and LiPbI3. The prepared perovskites were tested under visible light as working electrodes for water splitting reactions using Na2S2O3 electrolyte. With 2.76% at 405 nm, the NaPbI3 perovskite photoelectrode in accordance with its optical properties showed the highest incident photon‐to‐current efficiency (IPCE) among the studied perovskites. Also, the NaPbI3 perovskite demonstrated higher PEC performance with an H2 production rate of 38 μmolh−1 cm−2 than many other reported perovskites. The studied perovskites have high stability and reproductivity for the photoelectrochemical H2 production.
Control of Boiling Instabilities in a Two-Phase Pumpless Loop Using Water-Alcohol Mixtures

The mitigation of boiling instabilities by using water-alcohol mixtures as coolants in a two-phase pumpless loop is experimentally investigated. Water-miscible alcohol, namely, 2-propanol, is added to water in quantities of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mol fractions to reduce the bubble departure diameters. Boiling experiments are carried out in the pumpless loop involving a copper-based split-flow microchannel evaporator. Two-phase flow stability and heat transfer performance are compared between pure water and 2-propanol-water mixtures. Temperature measurements at the evaporator inlet, evaporator outlet, and condenser inlet show a considerable reduction in fluctuations when the binary mixtures are used as coolants. Therefore, the addition of a small amount of alcohol to water is proposed as a simple technique to control two-phase flow instabilities as against complex geometry modification to the evaporator, often studied in the literature. The pumpless loop with water-alcohol mixtures is a viable thermal management solution for power electronic devices that involve time-varying workloads.
Community lockdowns in social networks hardly mitigate epidemic spreading

Community lockdowns and travel restrictions are commonly employed to decelerate epidemic spreading. We here use a stochastic susceptible-infectious-recovered model on different social networks to determine when and to what degree such lockdowns are likely to be effective. Our research shows that community lockdowns are effective only if the links outside of the communities are virtually completely sealed off. The benefits of targeting specifically these links, as opposed to links uniformly at random across the whole network, are inferable only beyond 90% lockdown effectiveness. And even then the peak of the infected curve decreases by only 20% and its onset is delayed by a factor of 1.5. This holds for static and temporal social networks, regardless of their size and structural particularities. Networks derived from cell phone location data and online location-based social platforms yield the same results as a large family of hyperbolic geometric network models where characteristic path lengths, clustering, and community structure can be arbitrarily adjusted. The complex connectedness of modern human societies, which enables the ease of global communication and the lightning speeds at which news and information spread, thus makes it very difficult to halt epidemic spreading with top-down measures. We therefore emphasize the outstanding importance of endogenous self-isolation and social distancing for successfully arresting epidemic spreading.
Clustering-based particle detection method for digital holography to detect the three-dimensional location and in-plane size of particles

Digital holography (DH) has been extensively applied in particle field measurements due to its promising ability to simultaneously provide the three-dimensional location and in-plane size of particles. Particle detection methods are crucial in hologram data processing to determine particle size and particle in-focus depth, which directly affect the measurement accuracy and robustness of DH. In this work, inspired by clustering algorithms, a new clustering-based particle detection (CBPD) method was proposed for DH. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time that clustering algorithms have been applied in processing holograms for particle detection. The results of both simulations and experiments confirmed the feasibility of our proposed method. This data-driven method features automatic recognition of particles, particle edges and background, and accurate separation of overlapping particles. Compared with seven conventional particle detection methods, the CBPD method has improved accuracy in measuring particle positions and displacements.
The Impact of Sustainable Procurement on Environment: A Three Country Data Analysis

This study investigates the impacts and inter-relations between sustainable procurement and environment empirically by utilizing panel data. Past studies, particularly on the econometric specifications, are inserted. Carbon emission is considered as an environmental factor and government expenditure as sustainability indicator is analyzed. The outcome indicates that sustainable procurement has a negative impact on carbon emission as well as having a poor relationship. Additionally, other explanatory variables show negative effect and relationship. Utilizing the Fixed and Random effects approach of estimating, the results add up to the knowledge on the impact of sustainable procurement on environment to some extent and confirming the indirect impacts and relationships. The Hausman test was affected to ascertain the suitable method for estimation. The final result shows the indirect relationship and impact of sustainable procurement, including all other variables employed. The Random effects method was set to be the approachable method of evaluation for this examination.
Assessment of association between hypothyroidism and hypertension among females of Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan

Secondary hypertension has been associated with hypothyroidism. High blood pressure values and the prevalence of hypertension have been demonstrated in hypothyroid patients. Low cardiac output, increased peripheral and vascular resistance, arterial stiffness, high levels of norepinephrine in serum have been considered the mechanisms involved in developing diastolic hypertension in a state of hypothyroidism. To evaluate the association between hypertension and hypothyroidism, analysis of thyroid hormones levels and blood pressure values were determined in 450 chronic thyroiditis female patients of Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. On the basis of TFT, T4 (thyroxine) and TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) level in blood 298 females were categorized as euthyroid while 152 were hypothyroid [T4 (thyroxine) = 3.01 ± 0.2 μg/dl and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) = 108.5 + 5.4/μU/ml]. In hypothyroid females with age more than 50 years, not systolic but diastolic blood pressure was recorded to be higher as compared to females of same age with euthyroid. In hypothyroid females, high prevalence of hypertension was observed with systolic/diastolic BP more than the reference value of 160/95 mm Hg (15.4% vs. 6.3% and p value< 0.01). The data of both groups hypothyroid and euthyroid was collectively analyzed, significant correlations was found between thyroid hormones level T3 and T4 (r = 0.159, p value< 0.01, and r = 0.198, p value< 0.01). Replacement therapy of thyroid hormone can be used to normalize the thyroid function. It can be concluded that there was found a strong association of hypothyroidism and hypertension.
Evaluation of a Basic Communication Skills Train-the-Trainer Program in a University Hospital Setting

Amac: Calisma ortaminda saglik hizmeti verenlerin etkinligini artirmak icin surdurulebilir temel iletisim becerileri programlari onemlidir. Bu calismanin amaci, Temel Iletisim Becerileri-Egitici Egitimi Programi (TIB-EEP)’ni degerlendirmektir. Gerec ve Yontem: Bu calisma ontest-sontest tasariminda planlandi ve Ege Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesi (EUTFH) saglik hizmeti calisanlari hedefledi. Kirkdort gonullu saglik hizmeti calisani TIB-EEP’na katildi. TIB-EEP’na katilan EUTFH calisanlari daha sonra diger hastane calisanlarina Temel Iletisim Becerileri Kursu (TIBK) duzenledi. TIB-EEP’nin degerlendirilmesinde Kirkpatrick'in 4 Duzey Model’i modifiye edilerek kullanildi. TIB-EEP katilimcilari, “Duzey-1: Tepki” icin Oturum Degerlendirme Formu (ODF) ve Egitim Programi Degerlendirme Formu (EPDF)’nu doldurdu. “Duzey-2: Ogrenme” icin TIB-EEP katilimcilarina Ontest-Sontest Formu (OSF) uygulandi. Ayrica, katilimcilarin hazirladiklari sunumlar degerlendirildi ve geri bildirim verildi. “Duzey-3: Davranis” icin, TIBK'unda, katilimcilarin TIB-EEP'nda ogrendikleri bilgi ve becerileri nasil uyguladiklari incelendi. Bunun icin TIBK katilimcilarina 360 derece degerlendirme yontemi uygulandi. TIBK katilimcilarinin yeni egiticileri ODF, EPDF araciligi ile degerlendirmeleri istendi ve OSF ile kazandiklari bilgi olculdu. Sekiz yeni egitici ile Derinlemesine Gorusme Formu araciligiyla gorusuldu. “Duzey-4: Sonuclar” icin programi tamamlayan ve programdan ayrilan TIB-EEP katilimcilarinin durumu ve yeni egiticiler tarafindan egitilen hastane calisani sayisi incelendi. Nicel veriler, SPSS ile analiz edildi ve nitel veriler icin MAXQDA12 software kullanildi. Bulgular: TIB-EEP katilimcilarinin, oturumlardan ve programdan memnun kaldiklari saptandi (Duzey-1). TIB-EEP katilimcilarinin bilgi duzeylerinde ve egitici becerilerinde artis oldugu goruldu (Duzey-2). TIBK katilimcilarinin oturumlardan, egitim programindan, egiticilerden memnun kaldiklari, ogrenme duzeylerinde artis oldugu saptandi. Derinlemesine gorusmeler, TIB-EEP’nin kazanilan bilgiyi uygulamada beceriye donusturme uzerinde etkili oldugunu gosterdi (Duzey-3). Kirkdort katilimcinin 26’si programdan ayrildi. TIB-EEP’na katilan 18 kisi tarafindan 18 TIBK yapildi; yeni egiticiler tarafindan 190 hastane calisani egitildi (Duzey-4). Sonuc: Modifiye edilen Kirkpatrick'in 4 Duzey Model’i, TIB-EEP’nin etkinligini degerlendirmek icin uygulanabilir bir aractir.
A 27.3 % efficient Ga0.5 In0.5 P/GaAs tandem solar cell

A two‐terminal, monolithic cascade solar cell with an efficiency of 27.3% is reported. The device structure consists of a Ga0.5In0. 5P homojunction grown epitaxially upon a GaAs homojunction, with a GaAs tunnel diode interconnect. The tandem combination of these two materials is lattice matched, and has a theoretical efficiency of 34%. The device was grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition at 700 °C, using trimethylgallium, trimethylindium, arsine, and phosphine as sources. The minority‐carrier transport properties of the Ga0.5In0. 5P are shown to be relatively insensitive to variations of the growth temperature and phosphine overpressure. Other factors that affect the efficiency of the device are presented and discussed.
Efficacy of gaseous ozone at high concentrations against Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) and Ephestia cautella (Walker) in Almond

Bu calismada laboratuvar kosullarinda bademde kisa uygulama suresinde ve yuksek konsantrasyonda ozon gazi uygulamasinin Ephestia cautella (Walker) ve Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)’ nin tum biyolojik donemlerine karsi biyolojik etkinligi arastirilmistir. Fumigasyon cemberi icerisinde 1.3 kg kabuklu bademin ust ve alt kismina yerlestirilen E. cautella ve P. interpunctella’nin tum biyolojik donemleri 6 saat suresince yarim saat aralikla iki farkli konsantrasyonda (8.35 and 33.33 mg/l) ozon gazi sirkulasyonuna maruz birakilmistir. Biyolojik testler sonucunda 33.33 mg/l konsantrasyonda ozon gazi uygulamasinda urunun ust kismina yerlestirilen E. cautella’ nin yalnizca ergin ve pupalarin, P. interpunctella’nin ise tum biyolojik donemlerin 100 % ya da 100 % yakin olumleri elde edilmistir. Bunun yaninda daha dusuk konsantrasyonda (8.35 mg/l) ozon gaz uygulamasinda ise yalnizca urunun ust kismina yerlestirilen P. interpunctella’ nin ergin ve pupalarin 100 % yakin olumleri elde edilmistir. Acik bir sekilde dusuk konsantrasyonda (8.35 mg/l) ozon gazi uygulamasinda E. cautella ve P. interpunctella’nin tum biyolojik donemlerine ait olum oranlari yuksek konsantrasyonda (33.33 mg/l) ozon gazi uygulamasindakilerden istatistiki olarak onemli derecede daha dusuk oldugu gorulmustur. Genel olarak tum ozon gazi uygulamasinda urunun ust kismina yerlestirilen boceklerin olum oranlari alt kisma yerlestirilen boceklerinkinden daha yuksek oldugu bulunmustur. Ozellikle urunlerin alt kismina yerlestirilen E. cautella ve P. interpunctella larvalarini ve yumurtalarini tamamen oldurmenin cok guc oldugu gorulmustur. Ayrica, bu calismada yumurta donemi haric E. cautella‘nin genellikle P. interpunctella‘ya gore ozon gazina daha dayanikli oldugu belirlenmistir. Sonuc olarak yuksek konsantrasyonda ozon gazi uygulamasinin kisa uygulama suresinde bademde E. cautella ve P. interpunctella’nin tum biyolojik donemlerini tamamen kontrol edememesinden dolayi ozon gazinin urunlerin bocek bulasmalarindan hizli bir sekilde arindirilmasinda metil bromide potansiyel bir alternatif olamayacagi gorulmektedir.
A Four‐Parameter Model for Estimating Diurnal Temperature Cycle From MODIS Land Surface Temperature Product

Land surface diurnal temperature cycle (LSDTC) is an important element in climate system. Diurnal temperature cycle (DTC) models are potential for deriving diurnal variation of land surface temperature (LST) over extended regions from satellite observations. To estimate the LSDTC at high spatial resolution from clear‐sky Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) data, this study reduced the parameter number of a five‐parameter DTC model to only four by fitting the time of maximum temperature as a function of normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI), elevation and latitude. Using the ground‐based LSTs, the proposed four‐parameter DTC (FPD) model was evaluated for 48 and 4 available LST observations per day. The results showed that the root mean square errors (RMSEs) were 2.08 K, 0.88 K, 1.14 K, 1.31 K, 2.27 K, and 1.12 K for grassland, cropland, swamp meadow, desert steppe, desert shrub, and sand desert, respectively, for 48 observations. Comparatively, RMSEs for four observations corresponding to the MODIS overpass times were increased by less than 1 K, except for swamp meadow with an elevation greater than 3,500 m that the error was increased by 1.5 K. Applying the FPD model to MODIS LST product showed that the model could capture the variation of LSTs during a day, and the accuracy of the modeled LSTs depended on the accuracy of MODIS LST product. Generally, the proposed FPD model is simple and easy to be applied to MODIS four LSTs per day under clear skies to acquire LSDTC over extended regions with high spatial resolution.
iPark: automated smart parking system

Parking problems became ubiquitous and are growing at an alarming rate in every major city. It causes parking problems which cause a trafficjam, driver’s frustration, and pollution. One time we visit differentpublic places for example shopping center, multiplex movies hall & lodging house during carnivals or holidays, it makes the added parking difficult. Checking out a parking lot results in 40% to 50% of traffic jams. Due to this, car parking, in turn, causes the traffic issue. There are some problems associated with car parking like the way to control the amount of the car within the parking zone, monitoring the movement of the car in/outside of the parking zone, check whether there's an area inside for more cars or not and therefore the safety to park. This paper proposes an answer for these problems using the concept of the web of Things. iParkisa fully automated system that senses the entry and exit of a car, displays the entire number of cars parked within the parking zone on screen, and the way many free spaces are available within the parking lot.
Intelligent control of induction motor without speed sensor

This paper presents a proposed sensorless algorithm for induction motor(IM)speed control based on artificial neural networks (ANNs). The Indirect rotor field oriented (IRFO) technique is applied to control the motor. It is designed based on the proportional-integral (PI) controller. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used as a good solution for the problems associated with the design of the proportional-integral (PI) controller gains.The PSO is compared with the conventional methods. The proposed controller (PSO-PI) is then integrated with the artificial neural network(ANN) speed estimator. The MATLAB/Simulink is used for the simulation of the system. The obtained simulation results for the proposed technique are very close to the actual ones.