Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the user's state in HCI: from crisp emotions to conversational dispositions

Human computer interaction (HCI) usually takes place on a crude question answer level. Human human interaction, however, is multifaceted, consisting of manifold interactive feedback loops between interlocutors, comprising social components, moods, feelings, personal goals, nonverbal and paralinguistic conversation channels and the like. In order to be able to establish a functioning communication between the interlocutors it is crucial to correctly and efficiently interpret these communication elements. This thesis seeks to contribute to the transfer of these purely human capabilities to the HCI domain. To be able to recognize the user's latent state in natural HCI, it is crucial to acquire multimodal data comprising typical situations of HCI. The PIT corpus recordings, which are part of this thesis, let to the development and analysis of a novel hierarchical annotation scheme, enabling the annotator to assign categories in layers with different time scales. The categories comprise, apart from directly observable behavior, subjective user state labels specifically tailored for HCI. The analysis of this annotation paradigm led to several statistically significant correlations between the low level observations and the subjective user state annotations. This finding in turn supports a bottom-up approach combining basic building blocks to infer the user's state. Following this strategy, several of the categories of lower levels, such as laughter and voice quality, were analyzed in automatic classification and detection experiments. Beside standard approaches for multimodal sequence analysis, newly developed classifiers incorporating uncertain information were investigated. These classifiers process features identified as relevant in preceding basic experiments, as well as features developed by the author in the course of this thesis. The foundation of this thesis is formed by a multitude of publications, which investigate single aspects of the present work and exceed the focus of this work at some points. Some of the investigations, that were not directly incorporated in this manuscript, are listed in Chapter 8 and are linked to the respective publications.
Process development and failure analysis for ChipLast panel level fan-out packaging (PLP)

The demand of electronic device applications for high performance, minimization and cost effectiveness has driven the highly integrated semiconductor packaging development in recent years. Embedding die technology, which reduces package height and weight, increases the functionality and density, improves electrical and thermal performance and reduces the cost effectively, is particularly attractive in the market in recent years as well. In general, there are two main approaches for embedded die technologies including fan out wafer level package (WLP) and fan out panel level package (PLP) accordingly. Compared with fan out wafer level package, the panel solution has the advantages of using large panel processing and has maximum potential of 2.5 times cost reduction [1, 2], therefore it is very promising and attracted much attentions. While because of the panel size is much larger than wafer (12"), there are great challenges in precise alignment of die bonding to large panel, die shift during compression molding, void risks trapped in taping process, large warpage caused by the CTE (Coefficient of Thermal Expansion) between molding compound and panel, etc. As the panel size becomes larger, the process difficulty is even higher. In this paper, chip last process of panel level fan-out with 320×320mm size is developed, as shown in Figure 1. Firstly, Cu pattern circuit is fabricated by using PCB methods or substrate coreless process and bonded onto a FR4 carrier with a double side adhesive tape, and then the known good dies (KGD) are reconstructed and attached onto the substrate using pick and place machine. After the dies are encapsulated with epoxy molding compound by compression mold methods, BGA ball drop is applied onto the substrate and follow by single packages by sawing machine. The advantage of chip last is to make sure the substrate is tested with full function and dies are going to be placed onto the substrate later on so that the yield should be controlled. The challenges of this process technology, such as die jumping, die shift, delamination and warpage are presented as shown in Figure 2 and 3, and corresponding failure analysis was studied accordingly. It is found that large warpage of the substrate and voids or bubbles (without proper taping by using vacuum methods) during reflow process are the main issues and may induce delamination of the substrate and FR4 carrier, and cause die jumping and non-wetting of solders. And die shift is also found to be critical due to the limitation of die attachment precision. Therefore, reducing warpage of substrate, minimizing the trapped voids and bubbles and improving die bond accuracy are major solutions for achieving high yield and high quality of chip last processing during panel level packaging (PLP) [3,4].
Phase II study of oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and folinic acid in locally advanced or metastatic gastric cancer patients.

PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of an oxaliplatin, fluorouracil (5-FU), and folinic acid (FA) combination in patients with metastatic or advanced gastric cancer (M/AGC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Of the 54 eligible patients with measurable or assessable M/AGC, 53 received oxaliplatin 100 mg/m(2) and FA 400 mg/m(2) (2-hour intravenous infusion) followed by 5-FU bolus 400 mg/m(2) (10-minute infusion) and then 5-FU 3,000 mg/m(2) (46-hour continuous infusion) every 14 days. RESULTS Patients (69% male, 31% female) had a median age of 61 years (range, 31 to 75 years), 89% had a performance status of 0 or 1, 70% had newly diagnosed disease, and 87% had metastatic disease. All had histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma. With a median of three involved organs, disease sites included the lymph nodes (67%), stomach (65%), and liver (61%). A median of 10 cycles per patient and 468 complete cycles were administered. Best responses in the 49 assessable patients were two complete responses and 20 partial responses, giving an overall best response rate of 44.9%. Eight patients underwent complementary treatment with curative intent (six with surgery and two with chemoradiotherapy). Median follow-up, time to progression, and overall survival were 18.6 months, 6.2 months, and 8.6 months, respectively. Grade 3/4 neutropenia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia occurred in 38%, 19%, 4%, and 11% of patients, respectively, and febrile neutropenia occurred in six patients (one episode each). Grade 3 peripheral neuropathy occurred in 21% of patients (oxaliplatin-specific scale). Seven patients withdrew because of treatment-related toxicity. CONCLUSION This oxaliplatin/5-FU/FA regimen shows good efficacy and an acceptable safety profile in M/AGC patients, and may prove to be a suitable alternative regimen in this indication.
The biomechanics of an overarm throwing task: a simulation model examination of optimal timing of muscle activations.

A series of overarm throws, constrained to the parasagittal plane, were simulated using a muscle model actuated two-segment model representing the forearm and hand plus projectile. The parameters defining the modeled muscles and the anthropometry of the two-segment models were specific to the two young male subjects. All simulations commenced from a position of full elbow flexion and full wrist extension. The study was designed to elucidate the optimal inter-muscular coordination strategies for throwing projectiles to achieve maximum range, as well as maximum projectile kinetic energy for a variety of projectile masses. A proximal to distal (PD) sequence of muscle activations was seen in many of the simulated throws but not all. Under certain conditions moment reversal produced a longer throw and greater projectile energy, and deactivation of the muscles resulted in increased projectile energy. Therefore, simple timing of muscle activation does not fully describe the patterns of muscle recruitment which can produce optimal throws. The models of the two subjects required different timings of muscle activations, and for some of the tasks used different coordination patterns. Optimal strategies were found to vary with the mass of the projectile, the anthropometry and the muscle characteristics of the subjects modeled. The tasks examined were relatively simple, but basic rules for coordinating these tasks were not evident.
Slagging and Fouling Characteristics of HRSG for Ferrosilicon Electric Furnaces

The slagging and fouling characteristics of the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) for ferrosilicon electric furnaces are discussed in this paper. Three ash samples were taken from the HRSG of a ferrosilicon furnace in Ningxia Province, China, which suffered from serious slagging and fouling. X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to analyze the ash samples. The results show that low melting point salt Na 2 SO 4 and composite salts Na (AlSi 3 O 8 ) and 3K 2 SO 4 ·CaSO 4 deposit on the superheater tube walls in aerosol form and solidify to form the initial slag layer. With the continuous deposition of the low melting point compounds, more and more ash particles in the flue gas adhere to the slag surface to form a thicker slag. Low melting point composite salt NaO·Al 2 O 3 ·SiO 2 is absorbed on the evaporator tube walls in aerosol form. With the deposition of NaO·Al 2 O 3 ·SiO 2 , more and more ash particles are absorbed to form the fouling. Since there is less space between pin-finned tubes, the large iron-rich slag particles are easily deposited on tube walls and fin surfaces, which is advantageous to the fouling process. There are large quantities of superfine ash particles in the flue gas that easily adhere to other particles or tube walls, which facilitates the slagging and fouling process.
Empirical analysis of content-based music retrieval for music identification

Over the past few years, digitized music in forms like MP3 has made a great impact on the way of acquiring and listening to music. Due to the advanced communication tools, the consumers may search and purchase their favorite music online without going to physical music stores. Consider that a user occasionally gets an unknown and preferred music episode, but she/he has no idea on how to identify the query terms to retrieve the music using traditional textual-based search engines. Thereupon content-based music retrieval for music identification serves as an adequate solution for the users to search the targeted music effectively and conveniently. In this paper, we present several methods and similarity functions designed to achieve the effective content-based music identification. In particular, we compare the performances of various similarity functions with different musical features under real environments. The experimental results on real music datasets reveal that the Hamming Distance can bring out very robust performance for content-based music identification in terms of accuracy. In addition to music identification, this paper with detailed empirical analysis also provides the researchers with insightful ideas in other real applications such as audio monitoring, musical copyright, etc.
Recent advances in Chinese palaeontology

Discoveries are a driving force for progress in palaeontology. Palaeontology as a discipline of scientific inquiry has gained many fresh insights into the history of life, from the discoveries of many new fossils in China in the last 20 years, and from the new ideas derived from these fossils. This special issue of Proceedings of Royal Society B entitled Recent Advances in Chinese Palaeontology selects some of the very latest studies aimed at resolving the current problems of palaeontology and evolutionary biology based on new fossils from China. These fossils and their studies help to clarify some historical debates about a particular fossil group, or to raise new questions about history of life, or to pose a new challenge in our pursuit of science. These works on new Chinese fossils have covered the whole range of the diversity through the entire Phanerozoic fossil record.
From Berlin to Kigali: the sobering journey of acute respiratory distress syndrome.

What do Berlin, Kigali, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have in common? Berlin is the capital of Germany, brimming with attractiveness, science, culture, and a great lifestyle after the re-unification 25 years ago. Kigali is the largest city in Rwanda as well as its capital since the country’s independence in 1962, located at an altitude of 1,560 m. ARDS is characterized by dysregulated inflammation, inappropriate accumulation of leukocytes, uncontrolled activation of coagulation, and alveolar barrier disruption (1), often resulting in a life-threatening impairment of pulmonary gas exchange with hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and respiratory acidosis. The main causes of ARDS are direct (pneumonia, aspiration of gastric content) or indirect injuries (sepsis, massive transfusion, multi-trauma, peritonitis, pancreatitis). In European countries, the incidence of ARDS was estimated to be 50 cases per 100,000 person years, corresponding to approximately 40,000 cases per year for a country like Germany (2). ARDS is often associated with multiple-organ failure. A broad scenario of acute interventions for ARDS therapy have been investigated and recommended in recent years, but evidence that all these measures can decrease mortality is still limited (3). Mortality remains as high as 40–50% in major series (4).
Early Start: Grand designs for learning

Paper presented at the London International Conference on Education, 19-22 November 2012, London, UK Well-designed environments that stimulate intellectual curiosity, encourage social interaction and promote a sense of community, support effective learning across the education spectrum. This paper presents a case study of a multi-functional facility situated at the University of Wollongong in New South Wales, Australia that meets this design brief. 'Early Start' will transform teaching, research and community engagement in the higher education sector whilst offering unique learning opportunities to children, young people and their families. Importantly, it also has the potential for addressing social, educational and economic disadvantage across many communities. The Early Start Facility incorporates state-of-the-art technologies in a purposebuilt structure that includes a Children's Discovery Centre and connections to early childhood services, schools and community agencies in regional, rural and remote communities. This facility will enrich the student experience at the University of Wollongong and it will extend collaborative educational enterprises to children, their families and the broader community.
Carbonyl reduction pathways in drug metabolism

Abstract The understanding of drug biotransformation is an important medical topic. The oxidative pathways that involve CYPs have been extensively studied in drug metabolism in contrast to the reductive pathways. This review focuses on drugs that have been reported to be reduced at the carbonyl group in vivo. Although the carbonyl reduction of these drugs is well known, our understanding of the carbonyl reducing enzymes (CRE) that perform these reactions is limited. We have summarized the published data in order to thoroughly describe the reductive metabolism of the selected drugs and to demonstrate the role of carbonyl reduction in the context of their overall metabolism. The number of drugs recognized as substrates for CREs has increased considerably in recent years. Moreover, the importance of carbonyl reduction in the overall metabolism of these drugs is often surprisingly high. Because only limited information is available about the CREs responsible for these reactions, additional research is needed to improve our understanding of the metabolism of drugs undergoing carbonyl reduction. Carbonyl reduction should be investigated during drug development because it can either positively or negatively influence drug efficacy.
Efficacy of ketotifen fumarate 0.025% ophthalmic solution compared with placebo in the conjunctival allergen challenge model.

BACKGROUND Ketotifen fumarate blocks histamine1 (H1) receptors, stabilizes mast cells, and acts as an eosinophil inhibitor (decreases chemotaxis and activation of eosinophils). OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of ketotifen 0.025% ophthalmic solution in the prevention of symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis, using the conjunctival allergen challenge model. METHODS This was a single-center, double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled, contralateral-eye comparison, allergen challenge trial conducted in the United States. Subjects were randomized to receive ketotifen 0.025% in one eye and placebo in the other. At visits 1 and 2, allergen challenges were performed to determine the allergen concentration eliciting a qualifying reaction for each subject. At the 3 subsequent visits, subjects received 1 drop of ketotifen 0.025% ophthalmic solution in one eye and vehicle solution as placebo in the other eye 15 minutes (visit 3), 6 hours (visit 4), and 8 hours (visit 5) before allergen challenge. The primary efficacy measure was the subject's rating of itching at 3, 7, and 10 minutes after challenge. RESULTS Of the 89 subjects randomly assigned to masked trial medication at visit 3, 72 completed the study. At visits 3, 4, and 5, mean itching scores were significantly better for ketotifen-treated eyes at all postchallenge time points, compared with placebo (P<.001). Also at visits 3, 4, and 5, ketotifen was statistically superior to placebo in reducing ocular hyperemia at all postchallenge time points (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS Ketotifen was safe and statistically effective in reducing ocular itching and hyperemia associated with allergic conjunctivitis. Ketotifen's rapid onset of action (within 15 minutes) and extended duration of action (at least 8 hours) make it a valuable treatment for allergic conjunctivitis.
On the Euclidean 3-Matching Problem

In the 3-matching problem (3MP) we want to partition a set of n = 3l points into l disjoint subsets, each consisting of three points (called triplets), and to minimize the total cost of the triplets. The problem is related to the well-known weighted 2-matching, 3-dimensional assignment and p-median problems. We consider a Euclidean 3MP (E3MP) where the cost cijk of a triplet (i, j, k) is the sum of the lengths of the two shortest edges of the triangle (i, j, k). The problem has several related applications in the optimization of manufacturing operations.We show that the general 3MP is NP-complete and give several methods to calculate lower bounds for the E3MP. The exact solution by branch-and-bound technique is possible for small instances. For large problem instances we have to apply approximative solution algorithms. Local search-based heuristics augmented with ideas from tabu-search, simulated annealing and genetic algorithms worked well in our tests.
A Layout Algorithm for the Visualization of Multiple Relations in Graphs

: Many recent applications involve data models that rely on heterogeneous graphs (multiple node and relation types). Drawing these graphs is more difﬁcult than drawing standard graphs, as it is desirable to take into account the heterogeneity of graphs in the form of constraints, possibly stemming from user preferences, to compute the layout. In this paper we propose a method for hierarchical graph drawing that is based on structural constraint modeling . These constraints are combined with crossing minimization algorithms to yield the desired visual effect. Three types of constraints are considered and illustrated, giving special attention to the drawing of multiple relations for interactive graph visualization.
Lymph node localization and whole body distribution of radioiodinated encephalitogenic polypeptide in guinea-pigs.

A bovine encephalitogenic polypeptide (BEP) labelled with radioiodide retained its capacity to induce experimental encephalomyelitis (EAE). Guinea-pigs were injected with 125I BEP in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), to study changes in the architecture and the distribution of radioactivity in draining lymph nodes, and the amount of radioactivity in various organs. After injection of BEP in FCA the lymph node rapidly enlarged. Within 48 hr there was depletion of lymphocytes, the enlarging lymphoid follicles had become confluent and there was proliferation of large `epithelioid' cells throughout the node. At 5 days the lymph node architecture was disorganized and lymph follicles with germinal centres could not be recognized; similar but less pronounced changes were present in regional nodes. By contrast, after injection of flagellin in FCA, there were numerous lymphocytes, plasmablasts and pyroninophilic cells, germinal centres were prominent, and the architecture was preserved. From 0·5 to 0·8% of the total injected radioactivity was concentrated in the popliteal lymph node 2–5 days after injection of 125I BEP in FCA. No radioactivity was concentrated in the node after injection of 125I BEP without FCA, and animals thus immunized did not develop encephalomyelitis. The popliteal lymph node was examined by autoradiography after injection of 125I BEP in FCA. At 24 hr radioactive encephalitogen associated with droplets of adjuvant was present mainly in the peripheral sinus and at 48 hr encephalitogen–adjuvant droplets were deposited randomly throughout cortex and medulla. These droplets appeared to represent sites where lymphoid cells acquired their capacity for pathogenic reactivity with their target antigen in the central nervous system.
Restless Legs Syndrome, with Particular Reference to its Occurrence After Gastric Surgery

There is a higher incidence of restless legs syndrome (Ekbom's syndrome) in patients after gastric surgery (11·3%) and with diabetes mellitus (17·0%) and uraemia (17·3%) than in patients who have been diagnosed as having a psychonoeurosis (4·0%) and in controls (2·0%). Three patients with malabsorption syndrome complained of restless legs, but these patients had abnormal neurological signs. The incidence after gastric surgery and in diabetes mellitus and uraemia remained high even when patients with any abnormal neurological signs were excluded.
Fading of modern Prussian blue pigments in linseed oil medium

The fading of modern laboratory-synthesized and commercial Prussian blue, iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II), based pigments in a linseed oil medium during exposure to light has been investigated. The Prussian blue pigments were painted with linseed oil, as a pure pigment and mixed with white lead, (PbCO3)2Pb(OH)2, zinc white, ZnO, or titanium white, TiO2, pigment. The samples were subjected to accelerated ageing for 800 h and the light fastness of the Prussian blue pigment was evaluated by reference to blue wool standards. Pure Prussian blue is extremely light fast whilst it strongly fades when mixed with a white pigment, especially with lead white or zinc oxide. The painted samples were studied by UV-visible, iron K-edge X-ray absorption, iron-57 transmission Mossbauer, and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy. X-ray absorption results reveal a decrease in the iron coordination number in aged samples in the presence of white pigment. The Mossbauer spectra of the pure Prussian blue and the unaged and aged mixtures of Prussian blue and lead white or zinc oxide at 1:100 and 1:10 dilution ratios, respectively, indicate the presence of iron(II) and iron(III) in a ratio close to one as expected for the bulk stoichiometric KFeIII[FeII(CN)6]; no change in the spectral parameters was observed upon ageing. Combined with the X-ray near edge absorption and infrared studies, these results suggest reduction of the surface iron ions in the Prussian blue with ageing upon exposure to light.