Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Infant Behavior and Development aternal sensitivity and infant response to frustration : The oderating role of EEG asymmetry

Two hundred and thirty-three 5-month-old infants and their mothers participated in a study designed to examine the influence of maternal sensitivity and infant neurophysiology, as well as interactions between these, on infants’ regulatory behavior and reactivity to emotional challenge. Maternal sensitivity was measured during two mother–child freeplay episodes prior to the challenge task. Infant neurophysiology was derived from a measure of resting EEG asymmetry collected during a baseline episode. Infant regulatory behaviors (mother orienting and distraction) and reactivity to challenge (negative affect) were assessed during an arm restraint procedure. Maternal sensitivity predicted mother-orienting behavior for all infants, regardless of baseline EEG asymmetry. Maternal sensitivity also predicted more distraction behaviors for infants with left frontal EEG asymmetry at baseline. In contrast, maternal sensitivity predicted more negative affect for infants with right frontal EEG asymmetry at baseline. These findings lend support for the hypothesis that maternal sensitivity and infant neurophysiological functioning interact to predict regulatory behavior and reactivity and are discussed in terms of the significance for understanding infant regulatory development in the first year of life. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
A DSP digital controller design and implementation of a high power boost converter in hybrid electric vehicles

This paper presents a DSP based direct digital control (DDC) design and implementation for a high power boost converter. A dual loop voltage control is digitally implemented using DSP. The real time workshop (RTW) is used for automatic real-time code generation. A laboratory prototype of a 20 kW boost converter based on TMS320F2808 DSP is presented. The proposed controller performance is investigated using MATLAB simulation and laboratory experiments during reference voltage changes, input voltage changes, and load disturbances. Simulation and experimental results verify the efficacy of the proposed controller. In addition, the experimental results validate the effectiveness of using the RTW for automatic code generation to speed up the system implementation.
[Chronic pain beliefs: validation of the survey of pain attitudes for the Portuguese language].

This study validated the Survey of Pain Attitudes--brief version (SOPA) for the Portuguese language. Sixty-nine Brazilian patients were evaluated. Patients were female (71%), the mean age was 50.8 years (+/-15.4), the mean schooling was 7.4 years (+/-4.8), and the most frequent pain etiologies were: musculoskeletal (39.1%), cancer-related (34.8%), and neuropathic (20.3%). Factorial analysis produced seven domains (Control, Harm, Disability, Medical Cure, Emotion, Medication, Solicitude), as in the original instrument. Indices of reliability tests (mu Chronbach) ranged from . 55 to . 89, values that are accepted as moderate and good. The Portuguese language version showed conceptual equivalence to the English language version. The availability of SOPA-brief version in Portuguese may contribute for the improvement of research and clinical practices on chronic pain.
How Criminal System Racial Disparities May Translate into Health Disparities

Disadvantaged racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S. are strikingly over-represented in the juvenile justice and adult criminal justice systems. This paper briefly reviews the extent of over-representation attributable primarily to drug offenses and an earlier conceptual framework introduced by Iguchi and colleagues showing how the use of incarceration as a key drug control tool has disproportionately affected the health and well being of racial and ethnic minority communities. We then provide observations from the field that demonstrate how the implementation of a quality assessment approach might be used to mitigate procedural/structural biases that contribute to disparities in minority confinement, and ultimately, to reduce disparities in access to resources and health care.
Monitoring Electrical Skin Conductance: A Tool for the Assessment of Postoperative Pain in Children?

Background:Monitoring changes in electrical skin conductance has been described as a potentially useful tool for the detection of acute pain in adults. The aim of this study was to test the method in pediatric patients. Methods:A total of 180 postoperative pediatric patients aged 1–16 yr were included in this prospective, blinded observational study. After arrival in the recovery unit, pain was assessed by standard clinical pain assessment tools (1–3 yr: Face Legs Activity Cry Consolability Scale, 4–7 yr: Revised Faces Scale, 8–16 yr: Visual Analogue Scale) at various time points during their stay in the recovery room. The number of fluctuations in skin conductance per second (NFSC) was recorded simultaneously. Results:Data from 165 children were used for statistical analysis, and 15 patients were excluded. The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve for predicting moderate to severe pain from NFSC was 0.82 (95% confidence interval 0.79–0.85). Over all age groups, an NFSC cutoff value of 0.13 was found to distinguish between no or mild versus moderate or severe pain with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 64% (positive predictive value 35%, negative predictive value 97%). Conclusions:NFSC accurately predicted the absence of moderate to severe pain in postoperative pediatric patients. The measurement of NFSC may therefore provide an additional tool for pain assessment in this group of patients. However, more research is needed to prospectively investigate the observations made in this study and to determine the clinical applicability of the method.
Violent Scenes Detection based on Automatically-generated Mid-level Violent Concepts

Violent scenes detection in videos is a challenging problem because of the ambiguity of the word “violence. ” In this paper we introduce Mid-level Violence Clustering to solve this problem. Assuming three resource layers exist, it automatically generates mid-level violent concepts to infer violence without manually annotated tags of violent concepts such as fire, fights, etc. Our work is based on the combination of visual and audio features with machine learning at fixed segment-level. Multiple Kernel Learning is applied so that multimodality of data can be maximized, and finally a violence-score for each shot is calculated. We trained the whole system on a dataset from MediaEval 2013 Affect Task and evaluated it by its official metric MAP@100. The obtained results outperformed the best score in Affect
Association between fluorine-18-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose uptake and 1p and 19q loss of heterozygosity in World Health Organization Grade II gliomas.

OBJECT Oligodendroglial tumors harboring combined 1p and 19q loss (1p/19q LOH) are characterized by a favorable prognosis and response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but detection of 1p/19q LOH relies on postoperative procedures. The authors investigated the potential of fluorine-18-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in positron emission tomography (PET) to predict 1p/19q LOH preoperatively in tumors whose appearance on initial magnetic resonance images was consistent with that of low-grade glioma. METHODS The study population comprised 25 patients who had undergone preoperative FDG-PET followed by tumor resection. Neuronavigation ensured a precise match of FDG uptake with the site of biopsy. All tumor specimens were graded according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification system. Microsatellite analysis was used to identify 1p/19q LOH. In this series, 16 of 25 gliomas corresponded to WHO Grade II. In eight of these 16, 1p/19q LOH was detected. Raised glucose utilization within the tumor was seen in the six of eight WHO Grade II gliomas with 1p/19q LOH and in none of the WHO Grade II gliomas without this genetic alteration (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate the potential of FDG-PET to predict 1p/19q LOH in WHO Grade II gliomas.
The mechanical design of spider silks: from fibroin sequence to mechanical function.

Spiders produce a variety of silks, and the cloning of genes for silk fibroins reveals a clear link between protein sequence and structure-property relationships. The fibroins produced in the spider's major ampullate (MA) gland, which forms the dragline and web frame, contain multiple repeats of motifs that include an 8-10 residue long poly-alanine block and a 24-35 residue long glycine-rich block. When fibroins are spun into fibres, the poly-alanine blocks form (&bgr;)-sheet crystals that crosslink the fibroins into a polymer network with great stiffness, strength and toughness. As illustrated by a comparison of MA silks from Araneus diadematus and Nephila clavipes, variation in fibroin sequence and properties between spider species provides the opportunity to investigate the design of these remarkable biomaterials.
Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology Immune and non-immune surveillance in cancer

Vitally important functions that can be exemplified by the protection of the mammalian fetus from rejection, are safeguarded by multiple mechanisms. This is also true for protection against tumor development. The vulnerability of our somatic cells to potentially carcinogenic noxae and the plethora of genetic and epigenetic changes that can favor the microevolution of a cell clone towards malignancy, would make us highly cancer prone in the absence of multiple defence systems. Traditionally, protection against cancer has been mainly if not exclusively ascribed to the immune system. The basic idea has been already expressed b y Paul Ehrlich in 1909 (Ehrlich, 1909). He wrote that the complicated fetal and postfetal development must generate a large number of "aberrante Keime", translatable to "mutated cells". Were it not for the defense mechanisms of the organism, Ehrlich continued, cancer would arise in an "enormous frequency".
Familial Cirrhosis

I N the course of reviewing the necropsy incidence of hepatic cirrhosis in this department over the period 1900-1969 (MacSween & Scott, 1973), details were obtained of a family in which 7 of 12 sibs died of cirrhosis in adolescence, the histological features of the cirrhosis being suggestive of Wilson's disease. Two full cousins of this original family subsequently died in infancy, the diagnosis being galactosaemia, also a disease in which cirrhosis may occur. A report on this family together with a brief review of familial cirrhosis, form the basis of this communication.
Graph theoretic generalizations of clique: optimization and extensions

Graph Theoretic Generalizations of Clique: Optimization and Extensions. (August 2007) Balabhaskar Balasundaram, B.Tech., Indian Institute of Technology – Madras Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Sergiy Butenko This dissertation considers graph theoretic generalizations of the maximum clique problem. Models that were originally proposed in social network analysis literature, are investigated from a mathematical programming perspective for the first time. A social network is usually represented by a graph, and cliques were the first models of “tightly knit groups” in social networks, referred to as cohesive subgroups. Cliques are idealized models and their overly restrictive nature motivated the development of clique relaxations that relax different aspects of a clique. Identifying large cohesive subgroups in social networks has traditionally been used in criminal network analysis to study organized crimes such as terrorism, narcotics and money laundering. More recent applications are in clustering and data mining wireless networks, biological networks as well as graph models of databases and the internet. This research has the potential to impact homeland security, bioinformatics, internet research and telecommunication industry among others. The focus of this dissertation is a degree-based relaxation called k-plex. A distance-based relaxation called k-clique and a diameter-based relaxation called kclub are also investigated in this dissertation. We present the first systematic study of the complexity aspects of these problems and application of mathematical programming techniques in solving them. Graph theoretic properties of the models are identified and used in the development of theory and algorithms. Optimization problems associated with the three models are formulated as bi-
Antipsoriatic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects of an extract of red propolis.

AIM To study the antipsoriatic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects of ethanolic extract of red propolis. METHODS AND RESULTS This extract induced the formation of granular layer in the mouse tail test used as a model of psoriasis. Propolis 50 mg.kg-1 i.g. showed anti-inflammatory activity in the cotton-pellet granuloma assay in rats, in croton oil-induced edema in mice at a dose of 25% (2.5 microL), and in the peritoneal capillary permeability test in mice at a dose of 10 mg.kg-1. The extract (25 mg.kg-1 i.g.) showed analgesic effect in the model of acetic acid-induced writhings, whereas 40 mg.kg-1 was effective in the hot plate test in mice. CONCLUSION Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipsoriatric properties of Cuban red propolis were evident.
APOE Alleles in Parkinson Disease and Their Relationship to Cognitive Decline: A Population-based, Longitudinal Study

Apolipoprotein E gene alleles have been linked to various cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. There have been conflicting reports of associations between Apolipoprotein E alleles and Parkinson disease and Parkinson disease dementia. To investigate the role of Apolipoprotein E alleles in Parkinson disease and Parkinson disease dementia, we have determined Apolipoprotein E genotypes in a group of patients with Parkinson disease (n = 95) and compared them with those of healthy control participants (n = 73). Additionally, in 64 longitudinally followed patients with Parkinson disease, the allele types were correlated to development and progression of dementia and to time from onset of Parkinson disease to dementia using multivariate and survival analyses. The Apolipoprotein E e4e4 genotype was more common in patients with Parkinson disease (7.4%) than in healthy controls (1.4%; P = .03). No significant associations between the Apolipoprotein E genotype and development and progression of dementia or time to dementia were found. More studies with larger Parkinson disease samples are warranted.
Embedding grids in surfaces

We show that if a very large grid is embedded in a surface, then a large subgrid is embedded in a disc in the surface. This readily implies that: (a) a minor-minimal graph that does not embed in a given surf ace has no very large grid; and (b) a minor-minimal k-representati ve embedding in the surf ace has no very large grid. Similar arguments show (c) that if G is minimal with respect to crossing number, then G has no very large grid. This work is a refinement of Thomassen (J. Combin. Theory Ser. B 70 (1997) 306). © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Choosing Good Distance Metrics and Local Planners for Probabilistic Roadmap Methods

This paperpresents a cumpurative evuluatiun uf different distance metrics and local planners within the context of probabilistic roadmap methods fir motion planning. Both C-space and Workspace distance metrics and local planners are considered. The study concentrates on cluttered three-dimensional Workspaces typical, e.g., of mechanical designs. Our results include recommendations for selecting appropriate combinations of distance metrics and local planners for use in motion planning methods, particularly probabilistic roadmap methods. We find that each local planner makes some connections than none of the others do - indicating that better connected roadmaps will be constructed using multiple localplanners. We propose a new local planning method we cull rotate-at-s that outperforms the common straight-line in C-space method in crowded environments.
A parvalbumin-positive excitatory visual pathway to trigger fear responses in mice

Looming in on the threat-response circuit What are the neural elements that transmit threat-relevant inputs in the brain? Shang et al. systematically identified the key neuronal subtypes in the mouse superior colliculus underlying active avoidance and defensive-like behaviors. They found a pathway that responded to looming objects, linking input from the retina to the fear center in the brain. Science, this issue p. 1472 A newly identified subcortical pathway links visual inputs to the fear center of the brain. The fear responses to environmental threats play a fundamental role in survival. Little is known about the neural circuits specifically processing threat-relevant sensory information in the mammalian brain. We identified parvalbumin-positive (PV+) excitatory projection neurons in mouse superior colliculus (SC) as a key neuronal subtype for detecting looming objects and triggering fear responses. These neurons, distributed predominantly in the superficial SC, divergently projected to different brain areas, including the parabigeminal nucleus (PBGN), an intermediate station leading to the amygdala. Activation of the PV+ SC-PBGN pathway triggered fear responses, induced conditioned aversion, and caused depression-related behaviors. Approximately 20% of mice subjected to the fear-conditioning paradigm developed a generalized fear memory.
Glycogen: The forgotten cerebral energy store

The brain contains a significant amount of glycogen that is an order of magnitude smaller than that in muscle, but several‐fold higher than the cerebral glucose content. Although the precise role of brain glycogen to date is unknown, it seems affected by focal activation, neurotransmitters, and overall electrical activity and hormones. Based on its relatively low concentration, the role of brain glycogen as a significant energy store has been discounted. This work reviews recent experimental evidence that brain glycogen is an important reserve of glucose equivalents: (1) glial glycogen can provide the majority of the glucose supply deficit during hypoglycemia for more than 100 min, consistent with the proposal that glial lactate is a fuel for neurons; (2) glycogen concentrations may be as high as 10 μmol/g, substantially higher than was thought previously; (3) glucose cycling in and out of glycogen amounts to ∼1% of the cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRglc) in human and rat brain, amounting to an effective stability of glycogen in the resting awake brain during euglycemia and hyperglycemia, (4) brain glycogen metabolism/concentrations are insulin/glucose sensitive; and (5) after a single episode of hypoglycemia, brain glycogen levels rebound to levels that exceed the pre‐hypoglycemic concentrations (supercompensation). This experimental evidence supports the proposal that brain glycogen may be involved in the development of diabetes complications, specifically impaired glucose sensing (hypoglycemia unawareness) observed clinically in some diabetes patients under insulin treatment. It is proposed further that brain glycogen becomes important in any metabolic state where supply transiently cannot meet demand, such conditions that could occur during prolonged focal activation, sleep deprivation, seizures, and mild hypoxia. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sequence, localization and function of the invasin protein of Yersinia enterocoiitica

The inv locus of Yersinia enterocolitica is sufficient to convert a non‐invasive Escherichia coli K12 strain into a microorganism that is able to penetrate cultured mammalian cells. The nucleotide sequence of inv reveals an open reading frame corresponding to an 835‐amino‐acid protein that is homologous to the invasin protein from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. A polyclonal antiserum elicited by a synthetic peptide corresponding to the C‐terminal 88 amino acids of this open reading frame detected a unique 100kD protein in cell lysates of Y. enterocolitica strain 8081c and in an E. coli strain harbouring the cloned inv gene. This protein localized to the outer membranes of both microorganisms and was cleaved by low concentrations of extracellular trypsin. HEp‐2 cells were shown to attach to surfaces coated with bacterial outer membranes containing invasin and this attachment was destroyed by treatment of the membranes with trypsin. Thus it appears that the invasin protein from Y. enterocolitica is able to mediate both attachment to and entry of cultured epithelial cells.
Faith Development Theory Revisited: The Religious Styles Perspective

Focusing on Fowler's (1981) faith development theory (FDT), this article presents a modification of structural-developmental theory of religion. The primacy of cognitive development as motor and guideline of religious development is called into question. The new model, the typology of religious styles, is aimed at accounting more fully for the life-history- and life-world-relatedness of religion, at its principal interactive, interpersonal origin and shape. Thus the phenomenologists Merleau-Ponty (1962, 1988) and Ricoeur (1985/1988, 1990/1992) who provide philosophical perspectives, Noam's (1985, 1988a, 1988b, 1988c, 1990) developmental perspective, which is based on interpersonality, as well as Rizzuto's (1979, 1991) view of the psychodynamic development of religion, play a significant role for the reformulation. An overview of styles is described and illustrated in a figure. References to results of empirical research are included, and an explanation of fundamentalism is outlined that follows from the religious styles perspective.
Quality scalability of soft shadow mapping

Recently, several soft shadow mapping algorithms have been introduced which extract micro-occluders from a shadow map and backproject them on the light source to approximately determine light visibility. To maintain real-time frame rates, these algorithms often have to resort to coarser levels of a multi-resolution shadow map representation which can lead to visible quality degradations. In particular, discontinuity artifacts can appear when having to use different shadow map levels across pixels. In this paper, we discuss several aspects of soft shadow quality. First, we motivate and propose a scheme that allows for varying soft shadow quality in screen-space in a visually smooth way and also for its adaptation based on local features like assigned importance. Second, we suggest a generalization of micropatches which yields a better occluder geometry approximation at coarser shadow map levels, thus helping to reduce occluder overestimation. Third, we introduce a new hybrid acceleration structure for pruning the search space of potential micro-occluders that enables employing finer shadow map levels and hence increasing quality. Finally, we address multisampled rendering and suggest a simple scheme for interpolating light visibility that only adds a negligible cost compared to single-sample rendering.