Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulation and Human Rights in Socio-Legal Scholarship

This article sets the scene for a special issue of Law & Policy that brings together the themes of rights and regulation. The articles explore a number of settings where rapid changes in political commitments and economic systems, often stimulated by international developments, place pressures on rights regimes. The articles deploy a variety of methods to draw out differences in both focus and approach in the understanding of rights, when compared with regulation. This introductory article provides a more detailed analysis of these differences in approach, and is suggestive of ways in which they may complement each other. We argue that the articles collectively demonstrate the added valued in juxtaposing rights with regulation. They are suggestive not only of a richer understanding of the impact on rights of broad changes in regulatory frameworks, but more particularly argue for the importance of understanding how processes of institutionalization can underpin or undermine rights regimes, and that regulatory measures may form a key aspect of such institutionalization.
Kalusugan at Kayamanan: (Health and Wealth)of Filipinos in Kalihi

Seniors Honors Thesis (Public Health) Mentor: Dr. Jeffery Acido, Ashley Galacgac As an undergraduate student in Public Health with a minor in Philippine Language and culture and an interest in one day becoming a family physician, I hope to one day lessen the gap in health disparities of underserved communities. This work was done for my Public Health Capstone and Honors Project. With great pride in being a full Filipino, born and raised in Kalihi, I conducted this research to empower my community to be healthier and wealthier on their terms. Being from a place like Kalihi and having a background like Filipino comes with a lot of negative stigmas, stereotypes, and shame. However, through my research I was able to learn and prove that my community may not be wealthy by economic terms, but we are so rich in stories, experiences, and love, all of which contribute to us also being healthy. Filipinos in Hawai‘i have high rates of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and the worst measures of behavioral risk factors like tobacco use and poor diet. To address these health issues and create a healthier community, culturally competent programs must be implemented. However, a healthier community cannot be achieved until health is defined. Each community owns different capitals, therefore they all have their own definition of health. The objective of this study is to define health and wealth of Filipinos in Kalihi. This study is working with a local community health center, Kokua Kalihi Valley (KKV), under the Community Education Civic Engagement (CECE) program. We will conduct cultures circles where Filipinos residents of Kalihi answer questions about health, wealth, and their community. With the community’s responses, we hope to find the root causes of unhealthiness and assess the barriers to a healthy Filipino community in Kalihi. This study aims to empower the Filipino residents of Kalihi to find ways to make themselves healthier on their own terms. Through successful intervention, a greater understanding of the health and health issues of Filipinos in Kalihi can be obtained and used to develop better programs to improve the community’s overall health.
Mitochondrial DNA and allozyme patterns of Hediste diversicolor (Polychaeta: Nereididae): the importance of small scale genetic structuring

A hierarchical sampling design was used to describe scales of genetic structuring of Hediste diversicolor (Polychaeta: Nereididae) along the North Adriatic coast of Italy and investigate possible relationships with patterns of heavy metal contamination. Analyses of a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (COI) gene yielded 10 different haplotypes showing that the genetic structuring at this locus is more complex than previously hypothesised. Both COI and allozyme data suggest that most of the total genetic variance is due to genetic differentiation among (1) sites within estuaries and (2) individuals within sites. These results suggest that within estuaries H. diversicolor does not form contiguous panmictic populations, but rather is structured in frag- mented populations isolated at small spatial scales. Sediment concentrations of Zn, Cu and Ni in sed- iments were above effects range-low (ERL) guideline values at several of the investigated sites. Yet, we did not observe any relationship between heavy metal concentrations of metals and either the estimators of genetic diversity in H. diversicolor or the distribution of Aldolase genotypes expected from previous toxicity tests. These results suggest that, within North Adriatic estuaries, populations of H. diversicolor are structured by chaotic genetic patchiness and that stochastic processes (e.g. genetic drift or sweepstake recruitment) have a major role in promoting small scale genetic struc- turing.
From TOVS to ATOVS based ozone monitoring – implication for the quality and homogeneity

The satellite monitoring of the total ozone content over Poland has been performed with the use of NOAA/TOVS data since 1993. The total ozone amount is used for UV Index forecast as well as to analyse its changes over Poland. Meanwhile, the new generation of NOAA satellite with ATOVS instrument were launched implying the changes both, in type of data and software applied for ozone retrievals. Therefore, the quality of the total ozone amount derived from TOVS and ATOVS data for the period with simultaneous measurements, January 2006 – May 2007. The error of 12.2% for NOAA15 and 11.5% for NOAA-14 was obtained. Moreover, the seasonal variability of the quality of satellite derived total ozone amount was found. Change to NOAA-15 lead to decrease in error for summer and increase – for spring and winter, while for autumn no effect was found for autumn. Furthermore, effect of the transition from TOVS to ATOVS data on the total ozone series homogeneity was studied using Standard Normal Homogeneity Test. In general, the transition from NOAA-14 to NOAA-15 did not break the total ozone time series (since 1993) for the most months. However, for March, June and July the inhomogeneity was found in 2007. As it is the last year of the series, the analysis should be continued in order to confirm that result. Introduction Large world wide total ozone depletion observed during the last two decades of the 20 th century (Bojkov, 1999; Solomon, 1999) as well as the results of the EU research programs on stratospheric ozone depletion in the Arctic and mid-latitudes (Knudsen et al., 1998; Rex et al., 1997a, 1999b), have clearly shown the importance of ozone monitoring. The satellite data are the irreplaceable source of information related to the global ozone distribution. Total ozone amount has been operationally derived from NOAA/TOVS data since 1993 in Satellite Remote Sensing Centre of Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, Krakow, Poland, and used for ozone monitoring over Poland. Its quality has been routinely checked by comparing with ground measurements. The existing ozone data series has been also homogenized using the Standard Normal Homogeneity Test (SNHT) (Lapeta at el., 2007). Meanwhile, the new generation of NOAA satellite with ATOVS instrument were launched implying the changes both, in type of data and software applied for ozone retrievals. Therefore, the quality of the total ozone amount derived from TOVS and ATOVS data for the period with simultaneous measurements, January 2006 – May 2007, was studied and the results are presented below. Furthermore, effect of the transition from TOVS to ATOVS data on the total ozone series homogeneity is discussed. 394 International TOVS Study Conference-XVI Proceedings
IMPACT OF TANNERY EFFLUENT ON BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF Brasssica juncea

The tannery effluent is a mixture of biogenic matter of hides and a large variety of organic and inorganic chemicals. It usually contains high concentration of toxic metals like copper, chromium, zinc, cadmium, nickel and chemicals like aliphatic sulfonates and cyanides. The use of plants for bioremediation is called as phytoremediation. It involves the use of green plants to decontaminate soil, water and air. It is a cost effective process and the end products are nonhazardous. In the present study a hyper accumulating plant Brassica juncea was grown in different concentrations of effluent and their biochemical parameters carotenoid, chlorophyll, chromium, nickel and zinc were analyzed in leaves, stem and seeds. The results show that the heavy metal contents were higher in stem compared to leaves indicating the transports of these are high in stem. Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of plants treated with 25 per cent effluent was higher compared to 50 per cent effluent treated plants. Higher the dilution lesser the harmful effect of effluent on the plants.
Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Improved Deep Boltzmann Machines

With the increasing complexity of mechanical equipment, the traditional signal-based fault diagnosis methods cannot meet the current needs of fast, accurate and intelligent fault diagnosis due to its low efficiency and over-reliance on experience and subjective judgment of diagnosticians. Deep learning has powerful feature extraction and pattern recognition ability, and once the model is established, it can perform rapid pattern recognition. Based on this, a fault diagnosis method based on deep Boltzmann machines is proposed in this paper. Firstly, to solve the problem that DBMs can only deal with binary data, the Gaussian units are used to replace the binary visible units of the deep Boltzmann machines to construct the improved deep Boltzmann machines model, enabled the deep Boltzmann machines to process real-valued data. After the model is constructed, it is applied to process vibration signals for fault diagnosis. We present result on the CWRU bearing datasets, which shows that the improved DBMs learn generative models well and are good at fault recognition tasks.
Parkinson's Disease Diagnosis and Prognosis Using Diffusion Tensor Medical Imaging Features Fusion

Despite important advances in medical imaging, cognitive testing methods are still used almost exclusively nowadays for Parkinson’s Disease (PD) diagnosis. These tests are evaluated and scored using predefined scales representing the disease severity like UPDRS (Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale) or H&Y (Hoehn and Yahr) scale. Using the same scales, our objective is to include information extracted and fused from different medical imaging modalities, in order to obtain a quantification of the disease evolution, for diagnosis and prognosis purposes. The dopamine, one of the main neurotransmitters, is lost when PD is installed. By the time the disease can be identified, 80-90% of the dopamine is no longer produced (Today, 2009). Medical studies concluded that the Substantia Nigra, a small anatomical region situated in the midbrain, is the producer of dopamine (Chan et al., 2007). The same anatomical region contains the motor fibres and the effect of the dopamine lost affects these fibers, as the patients lose their motor functions and start trembling once the disease starts manifesting. The importance of the motor fibers for the evolution and the early detection of the disease, represent a major medical motivation to set up a method able to extract and quantify abnormalities in the strationigral tract. As recently a match between the dopamine level in the Substantia Nigra(SN) and the Parkinson’s disease evolution has been detected (Chan et al., 2007), we are using this information further as we are studying the area where the Substantia Nigra(SN) produces the dopamine. David Vaillancourt, assistant professor at University of Illinois at Chicago has leaded a study using a scanned the part of the brain called Substantia Nigra on Parkinson’s patients using DTI images and has discovered that the number of dopaminergic neurons in certain areas of this region is 50% less (Vaillancourt, 2009). His study includes 28 subjects from which half have symptoms of early Parkinson’s disease and another half do not have these symptoms. This area is not well defined anatomically as there the contours are 17
Toward an optimal spectral quality for plant growth and development: The importance of radiation capture

We have characterized the effects of individual wavelengths of light on single leaf photosynthesis but we do not yet fully understand the effects of multi-wavelength radiation sources on growth and whole-plant net assimilation. Studies with monochromatic light by Hoover, McCree and Inada nearly a half century ago indicated that blue and cyan photons are used less efficiently than orange and red photons. Contrary to these measurements, studies in whole plants have found that photosynthesis often increases with an increasing fraction of blue photons. Plant growth, however, typically decreases as the fraction of blue photons increases above 5 to 10 %. The dichotomy of increasing photosynthesis and decreasing growth reflects an oversight of the critical role of radiation capture (light interception) in the growth of whole plants. Photosynthetic efficiency is measured as quantum yield: moles of carbon fixed per mole of photons absorbed. Increasing blue light often inhibits cell division, cell expansion, and thus reduces leaf area. The thicker leaves have higher photosynthetic rates per unit area, but reduced radiation capture. This bluelight-induced reduction in photon capture is usually the primary reason for reduced growth in spite of increased photosynthesis per unit leaf area. This distinction is critical when extrapolating from single leaves to plant communities. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Impact of inter-firm collaboration on firm performance: Comparisons from the perspective of different supply chain members

Many studies have examined the antecedents to and impacts of inter-firm collaboration, however a comparison from the perspective of different supply chain members has seldom been considered. Hence, this study aims to advance the understanding of collaboration by comparing three perspectives on such collaboration. A meta review of the literature reveals that four key constructs, namely trust, transaction cost, collaboration and performance, are to be included in one model. Data from 339 firms were analysed in a Regression and a Structural Equation Model. This paper show that firms with different supply chain roles experience different drivers and benefits of interfirm collaboration.
Pumsy in Pursuit of Excellence and Self-Concept of Second Grade Students

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate a self-esteem program implemented by the elementary school counselor with second grade students. The independent variables investigated were participation status (two levels: experimental and control groups): gender (two levels); family structure (two levels: intact and other); and Chapter I reading status (two levels: participant and nonparticipant). The dependent variables were posttest scores from the following subscales of the Pieres-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale: Behavior, Intellectual & School Status, Physical Appearance & Attributes, Anxiety, Popularity, and Happiness & Satisfaction. The covariant measures were pretest scores from the previous subscales of the Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale and the SRA Survey of Basic Skills Reading Total score. The sample consisted of 110 second grade students. Six composite null hypotheses were tested at the . 05 level of significance. Each composite null hypothesis was tested with a one-way analysis of covariance. / Of the 42 comparisons made, 3 were statistically significant at the . 05 level. Two of the 3 significant comparisons indicated that participants in the program had higher adjusted post mean scores for Intellectual & School Status and Anxiety than nonparticipants. The remaining significant comparison indicated that the participants in Chapter I reading had a higher adjusted post means score for Intellectual & School Status. / The results of the present study appeared to support the following generalizations: (1) Participation status (Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale Scores as covariant measure) was associated with 2 dimensions of self-concept (Intellectual & School Status and Anxiety). (2) Participation status (SRA Reading Total Score as covariant measure) was not associated with self-concept. (3) For those who participated in the implementation (Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale Scores as covariant measure) gender was not associated with self-concept. (4) For those who participated in the implementation (SRA Reading Total Score as covariant measure) gender was not associated with self-concept. (5) For those who participated in the implementation (Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale Scores as covariant measure) Chapter I was associated with 1 dimension of self-concept (Intellectual & School Status). (6) For those who participated in the implementation (Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale Scores as covariant measure) family structure was not associated with self-concept.
VIEWPOINT: PART OF A SPECIAL ISSUE ON MATCHING ROOTS TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT Matching roots to their environment

† BackgroundPlantsformthebaseoftheterrestrialfoodchainandprovidemedicines,fuel,fibreandindustrialmaterialstohumans.Vascularlandplantsrelyontheirrootstoacquirethewaterandmineralelementsnecessaryfortheir survival in nature or their yield and nutritional quality in agriculture. Major biogeochemical fluxes of all elements occur through plant roots, and the roots of agricultural crops have a significant role to play in soil sustainability, carbon sequestration, reducing emissions of greenhouse gasses, and in preventing the eutrophication of water bodies associated with the application of mineral fertilizers. † Scope This article provides the context for a Special Issue of Annals of Botany on ‘Matching Roots to Their Environment’. It first examines how land plants and their roots evolved, describes how the ecology of roots and their rhizospheres contributes to the acquisition of soil resources, and discusses the influence of plant roots on biogeochemical cycles. It then describes the role of roots in overcoming the constraints to crop production imposed by hostile or infertile soils, illustrates root phenotypes that improve the acquisition of mineral elements and water, and discusses high-throughput methods to screen for these traits in the laboratory, glasshouse and field. Finally, it considers whether knowledge of adaptations improving the acquisition of resources in natural environments can be used to develop root systems for sustainable agriculture in the future.
Seasonal variations of physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of groundwater quality in Ruiru , Kiambu county , Kenya

A study was conducted to assess seasonal variation in physicochemical and microbiological quality of groundwater in Ruiru, Kiambu County in Kenya. A total of 109 well water samples, 51 boreholes and 58 shallow wells during 2 different seasons, viz. dry and wet season were collected during the year 2015 and analyzed for temperature, pH, colour, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, Sulphates nitrate, fluoride, iron, manganese, coliform count and Escherichia coli Significant difference between seasons was observed in all parameters studied except, for sodium and magnesium. The results were compared with WHO guidelines, 2009 and Kenya Bureau of Standards 2006 water guidelines to ascertain its suitability for domestic use.
Laboratory Studies of the Chemistry of Transneptunian Object Surface Materials

Bombardment by cosmic-ray and solar wind ions alters the surfaces of transneptunian objects (TNOs) surfaces, and the influence of this weathering on candidate TNO materials has been extensively examined by laboratory scientists. Low-temperature radiation experiments with icy materials have demonstrated the existence of a rich TNO ice chemistry involving molecules such as H2O, CH4, N2, and NH3. These same experiments have provided insight into reaction mechanisms needed to predict yet-unseen chemical species. Near-IR and visible spectra of ion-irradiated candidate refractories have generated the data needed to understand TNO colors and spectral slopes. The planning, execution, and interpretation of these experiments have been influenced by new energetic particle measurements from Voyager and other heliospheric spacecraft and by models for TNO surface irradiation fluxes and dosages. Experiments and available surface irradiation models suggest specific timescales for reddening of TNO surfaces. Altogether, laboratory investigations and heliospheric radiation measurements contribute to the study of TNOs by aiding in the interpretation of astronomical observations, by suggesting new lines of investigation, and by providing the underlying knowledge needed to unravel the chemical and spectral evolution of objects in the outer solar system.
Measurement of Liner Impedance with Flow by an Inverse Method

The measurement of liner impedance with flow is a very difficultproblem especially when the liner is not a simple single degree of freedom (SDOF) liner. To bypass the problem of knowing the acoustical propagation inside the liner, a method called ”eduction method” has been developed at NASA; the propagation of sound inside a 2D lined duct is computed through a finite elements method, with the assumptions of uniform flow and of acoustical displacement continuity over the liner. An inverse method is then used to determine a value of the impedance that minimizes the discrepancy between predicted and measured acoustical pressure at some characteristic points. We propose a new multimodal method (MM) to compute the propagation in a 2D lined duct with flow. The basis of this method is to project the propagation equations on a complete basis of functions. Then the transmission and reflection matrices can be computed easily. One advantage is that the MM is quicker than a finite elements method. The axial boundary conditions in the MM are exact and easy to implement. Furthermore, the effect of the boundary layer of the main flow can be taken into account. The numerical results are compared to experimental results measured in a set up with a rectangular section. An inverse method is used to find the best fit of impedance.