Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Examining the regulation of DNA end-processing at telomeres and double-strand breaks

The ability to distinguish natural DNA termini from the ends of a broken chromosome is essential for cellular survival. Robust mechanisms for rapid detection and repair of DNA lesions allow cells to tolerate the damage that occurs during normal growth and replication. However, it is equally important that telomeres, which must be re- assembled after each round of DNA replication, are not caught up in the DNA repair machinery. Though it seems counterintuitive, many of the factors that play roles in DNA repair are also involved in protection of telomeres. Partly for this reason, it is unclear how cells differentiate between double-strand breaks and chromosome ends. After DNA replication, a subset of telomeres is left with blunt ends. Not only does this structure bear a dangerous resemblance to a double-strand break, it is also an inappropriate substrate for binding by the complexes that protect telomeres from aberrant repair or degradation. The mechanism by which this end is converted to a single-strand overhang has yet to be elucidated. Similarly, double-strand breaks that are repaired by homologous recombination undergo resection to form a long single-strand overhang. These two substrates have long been hypothesized to be subject to resection by the same elusive molecule. This dissertation describes the characterization of Rat1, previously known only as a ribonuclease, as being necessary for efficient resection of double-strand breaks. Additionally, I report on an accumulation of evidence that suggests, contrary to the current model, single-strand DNA generation at telomeres may occur by a different mechanism from that of double- strand breaks. The final chapter of this thesis examines a set of proteins that are currently proposed to regulate telomere lengthening, but which may in fact govern telomere shortening, either by regulation of resection or by another method of single-strand DNA generation
Les protines Rho : leur rle dans les neurones

A filter comprising of an internal memory for storing data and coefficients; an address generation unit, for generating memory addresses; a multiply and accumulate unit (i.e.-MAC unit), for performing multiply and accumulate functions. The filter can operate in a plurality of modes, such as multiple or single channel FIR filtering; multiple or single channel IIR filtering; multiple or single channel echo cancellation; multiple or single channel decimation and multiple or single channel extrapolation.
Reducing Extracellular Sodium Concentration Decreases Synaptic Facilitation

We examined how decreasing the concentration of external sodium affects synaptic facilitation via the Sodium/Calcium exchanger (NCX). The NCX brings three sodium ions into the cell, and transfers one calcium ion out of the cell. Previous experiments have manipulated the NCX by decreasing extracellular sodium which led to increased synaptic facilitation. It has been shown that synaptic facilitation can lead to enhanced learning and memory, which makes it important to further understand the role of the NCX in synaptic facilitation. Based on these experiments, we hypothesized that a decrease in concentration of external sodium will increase synaptic facilitation by reducing the function of the NCX. In order to decrease the concentration of external sodium, normal crayfish Ringer’s solution was mixed with sodium-free crayfish Ringer’s solution, which was kept isosmotic by replacing sodium with choline, using differing ratios to create differing sodium concentrations. Intracellular recording and twin pulses were used to elicit and record EPSP’s. The results refuted our hypothesis, showing that as extracellular sodium decreases, synaptic facilitation decreases. These results are contrary to most previous experiments regarding the NCX and facilitation, but they do show a correlation between the NCX and facilitation.
Characteristics of Cultured Tobacco Cell Strains Producing High Levels of Ubiquinone-10 Selected by a Cell Cloning Technique

Characteristic differences were examined between tobacco cell strains producing high levels of ubiquinone (UQ) and the original tobacco cell line (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv BY-2). The growth rate of strains producing high levels of UQ was about half of that of the original cells. The maximum yield in cell dry weight was about two-thirds of that of original cells. The time-course of UQ formation by selected strains and the respiratory rates were similar to those in the original cells. The UQ contents were much higher than those in original cells, not only per g-dry weight but also per cell. Most UQ in the selected strains were also localized in mitochondria, as well as in the original cells. On protein basis, the yield of purified mitochondria from strains producing high levels of UQ was 4.3 times as much as that from original cells. UQ formation per mg of mitochondrial protein and the molar ratios of UQ to the other electron transport components in selected cells were similar to those in original cells. The.
Functional analysis of N-acetyltransferase (NAT1*14B and NAT1*10) in complete NATb and NATa mRNA.

FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF N-ACETYL TRANSFERASE (NAT1 *148 AND NAT1*10) IN COMPLETE NATb AND NATa mRNA Lori Millner August 8, 2011 N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) is a phase II metabolic enzyme responsible for the biotransformation of aromatic and heterocyclic amine carcinogens such as 4aminobiphenyl (ASP). NAT1 catalyzes N-acetylation of arylamines as well as the 0acetylation of N-hydroxylated arylamines. O-acetylation leads to the formation of electrophilic intermediates that result in DNA adducts and mutations. NAT1 is transcribed from a major promoter, NATb, and an alternative promoter, NATa, resulting in mRNAs with distinct 5'-untranslated regions (UTR). NATa mRNA is expressed primarily in the kidney, liver, trachea and lung while NATb mRNA has been detected in all tissues studied. To determine if differences in 5'-UTR have functional effect upon NAT1 activity and DNA adducts or mutations following exposure to ASP, pcDNA5/FRT plasmid constructs were prepared for transfection of full length human mRNAs including the 5'-UTR derived from NATa or NATb, the open reading frame, and 888 nucleotides of the 3'-UTR. Following stable transfection of NATb/NAT1*4 or NATa/NAT1*4 into nucleotide excision repair (NER) deficient Chinese hamster ovary cells, Nand 0acetyltransferase activity (in vitro and in situ), mRNA, and protein expression were higher in NATb/NAT1*4 than NATa/NAT1*4 transfected cells (p<O.05). Consistent with NAT1 expression and activity, ASP-induced DNA adducts and hypoxanthine phosphoribosy/ transferase mutants were higher (p<O.05) in NATb/NA T1 *4 than in
Potensi Trichoderma sp. Sebagai Bahan Antibakterial dan Imunostimulan pada Udang Vaname, Litopenaeus vannamei

CATUR AGUS PEBRIANTO. The potential of Trichoderma sp. as antibacterial and immunostimulant in white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Under guidance of SUKENDA and WIDANARNI We studied antibacterial and immunostimulatory effects of Trichoderma sp. on white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. First experiment was conducted to evaluate inhibitory effect of Trichoderma sp. againts Vibrio harveyi, a pathogenic bacteria caused vibriosis disease on shrimp. Second experiment was conducted to evaluate immunostimulatory effect of Trichoderma sp. on shrimp immunity as well as protective effect againts V. harveyi. A group of shrimp was injected with a minimum inhibitory concentration obtained at first experiment, and a week after shrimps were challenged with V. harveyi (prophylactic). Another group was challenged with V. harveyi previously, and then injected with Trichoderma sp. two fold of MIC a day after (therapeutic). Positive control, that was received only V. harveyi, and negative controls, that was received neither Trichoderma sp. nor V. harveyi were included in this experiment. Results of first experiment showed a concentration of 600 ppm was a minimal inhibitory concentration of Trichoderma sp. to inhibit V. harveyi. While in the second experiment, groups received Trichoderma sp. , either prophylactic or therapeutic, showed protective against V. harveyi significantly higher than positive control and lower compared with negative control. Total haemocyte count (THC), differential haemocity count (DHC), phagocytic index and phenoloxidase activity were different among the groups of prophylactic treatment or therapeutic treatment compared to positive control and negative control. In conclusion, Trichodema sp. should be used in prophylactic and therapeutic treatment to combat infection of V. harveyi on L. vannamei Keyword : Trichoderma sp. , V. harveyi, antibacterial, immunostimulant
EPIZOIC POLYCHAETES (ANNELIDA: POLYCHAETA) ON CRASSOSTREA RHIZHOPHORAE (GUILDING, 1828) FROM LA RESTINGA LAGOON, MARGARITA ISLAND, VENEZUELA POLIQUETOS (ANNELIDA: POLYCHAETA) EPIZOICOS DE CRASSOSTREA RHIZHOPHORAE (GUILDING, 1828) DE LA LAGUNA LA RESTINGA, ISLA MARGARITA, VENEZUELA

Species richness of epizoic polychaetes on the mangrove oyster, Crassostrea rhizophorae (Guilding 1828), was studied. Monthly collections (January-August, 2001) were made. Oysters were separated from mangroves roots by hand in La Restinga lagoon and put into plastic bags with seawater, taken to the laboratory and placed in aquariua. Two hundred and forty five oysters were examined, having 1229 polychaetes belonging to 56 species. The biogeographic composition of the species allows some grouping as cosmopolitan (32.3%), Atlantic Ocean (23.3%), amphiamericans (18.6%), pantropical (9.3%) and disjunct species (2.3%).
Genetic and molecular aspects of sport performance

Summary In summary, the full range of genetic variation responsible for human variability in athletic per-formance is likely to include both rare and com-mon polymorphisms. The recent history of genetic research into the causes of complex human diseases provides reason for both caution and optimism that many such variants can and will be found—provided that we remain aware of the challenges and use methods capable of sampling all of the genetic information available from human populations. Acknowledgments Development of the statistical methods described in this report was supported in part by U.S. National Institute of Mental Health grant MH59490 and carried out in computing facilities funded in part by the AT&T Foundation. Acquisition of lymphocyte expression phenotypes was made possible by the generous support of the Azar/Shepperd Family Foundation of San Antonio, Texas. The authors declare no competing interests. Minor allele frequency(a)Relative frequency0.00. 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.50.10.20.30.40.50.60. 767.8% < 0.0575. 8% < 0.10Total number of variants = 599 in 47 genes
What Causes Spatio-Temporal Variations in Leaf Herbivory Levels within a Canopy of Fagus crenata?

This paper investigates spatio-temporal variations in leaf herbivory levels within a single tree canopy. I observed leaf clusters of Fagus crenata under various light conditions without tearing leaves off, and monitored changes in leaf area consumed by insect herbivores. Although there was no clear relationship between relative photosynthetic photon flux density (rPPFD) and consumed leaf area (CLA) in May, immediately after leaf flush, a significant decrease in CLA with increasing rPPFD was observed after June, one or more months after leaf flush. Changes in such leaf characteristics as leaf mass per area (LMA), carbon concentration, nitrogen concentration, C/N ratio, concentration of total phenolics, and condensed tannin concentration, were observed within one month after leaf flush. Although values of these characteristics were generally not influenced by rPPFD for the first month after leaf flush, they subsequently showed a clear increase or decrease in values as rPPFD increased. In late season, significant positive or negative correlations were found between measured leaf characteristics and CLA.
Синтетический метод извлечения контекстного знания в русскоязычной социально-гуманитарной сфере: комплексный подход

Авторы предлагают синтетический метод извлечения контекстного знания как комплексный подход, ориентированный на решение проблемы экспликации контекстного знания в русскоязычных текстах гуманитарной и социальной направленности с последующей типологией контекстного знания как по отдельным дисциплинам, так и по междисциплинарным связям, а также по общенаучным и общекультурным термин-концептам, объединяющем различные дисциплины. Проблема имеет общенаучное и общекультурное значение, поскольку контекстное знание составляет важную часть явного и неявного знания, которым оперирует человек в научной, образовательной и культурной деятельности. Предлагаемый подход к решению проблемы экспликации контекстного знания состоит в расширении возможностей технологий гибкого тематизируемого полнотекстового и мультимодального поиска, реализованного и апробированного в рамках деятельности виртуального ресурсно-сервисного центра, созданного в 2014-2016 гг. на базе Университета ИТМО в рамках проекта РГНФ No 14-03-12017 (проект «Гуманитариана»).
Fusion de données RVB-D par stéréophotométrie colorée

Nous montrons comment utiliser la stereophotometrie coloree pour ameliorer le relief fourni par un capteur RVB-D. Le capteur est equipe de trois LEDs colorees, de telle sorte que l'image RVB permet de retrouver les details les plus fins du relief, grâce a la stereophotometrie. Cette estimation fine du relief est fusionnee avec la carte de profondeur fournie par le capteur, grâce a une nouvelle approche differentielle et variationnelle de la stereophotometrie adaptee aux sources ponctuelles anisotropes de type LED. Cetta approche permet d'estimer la profon-deur directement et de facon robuste, sans estimation prealable des normales et de l'albedo. ABSTRACT. We improve the depth map provided by an RGB-D sensor, using color photometric stereo. The sensor is equipped with three colored LEDs, in order for thinnest geometric details to be recovered from the RGB image by photometric stereo. This thin shape estimate is then fused with the depth map provided by the sensor, through a variational approach to photometric stereo dedicated to anisotropic point light sources of LED type. MOTS-CLES : reconstruction 3D, stereophotometrie, capteurs RVB-D, methodes variationnelles.
Análisis de competitividad aplicado a las empresas del sector de turístico de la amazonía ecuatoriana

Existe una relacion directamente proporcional entre el incremento de los destinos turisticos y la capacidad de eleccion de los viajeros entre diversas opciones, combinando destinos nacionales e internacionales con multiples y llamativas ofertas, lo que se traduce en mayor competencia. A ello se suman los cambios en el comportamiento y evolucion en las exigencias de los consumidores, aparicion de nuevos segmentos, reapreciacion de los valores ambientales, una mayor profesionalizacion de los diferentes agentes turisticos y evolucion en las tecnologias y marketing, generacion de ventajas competitivas; consolidandose la necesidad de investigar los factores explicativos de la competitividad de destinos que permitan complementar las actividades de planificacion y gestion turistica a fin de mantener y mejorar la competitividad local y satisfacer a los clientes. En el contexto planteado, esta investigacion, pretende mediante la aplicacion del modelo de las cinco fuerzas de Porter, mostrar un estudio de la competitividad turistica, en alojamiento para la Amazonia Ecuatoriana.
OBESITY, WEIGHT MANAGEMENT AND DIETARY ANALYSIS IN MICRONESIAN KINGFISHERS (HALCYON CINNAMOMINA CINNAMOMINA).

Mortality in captive Micronesian kingfishers (Halcyon cinnamomina cinnamomina) is notably high in age classes that should be peak breeding years. Females, in particular, suffer high rates of mortality earlier than would be expected from examining patterns in related species. Many birds are overweight and sustained weight loss has been difficult to achieve. Body mass for the 2.2 birds in this project were manipulated through bi-weekly weights and diet adjustments in an attempt to keep body masses at less than 65g. Body mass reductions occurred through dietary manipulations for two birds. However, body mass reductions in two other birds appeared to be more a result of location changes and either the stress related to that move or the reduction in available “extra” food items than dietary manipulations. Proximate composition of food items was similar to that previously published. Cholesterol levels in anolis lizards were similar to previously published data on pink mice, whereas cholesterol in cat food and crickets were roughly half that of the vertebrate prey. Fatty acid content of the food items likewise varied. Anolis lizards had the lowest total fatty acid content and the fatty acids were relatively evenly divided among saturated, monounsaturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Pinkie mice were highest in saturated fatty acids, while mealworms were highest in both mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids and had the highest overall fatty acid content.
Accommodative response to proximity and defocus in myopes and emmetropes

, 1998). Both studies used a Canon -R1 autorefractor to measure accommodative response in open-loop conditions.The purpose of this study was to measure the0.5accommodative response in adultmyopes and emmetropes to combined variations of proximity and defocus (minus or plus lenses) in closed-loop conditions.
Cis-trans Isomerase

The author found a new enzyme which is capable of isomerising maleic acid to fumaric acid. The enzyme was isolated from a bacterium belonging to Pseudomonas sp. and was concentrated to eight times against the original extract. The biochemical properties were determined as follows: the enzyme required glutathione or cysteine for full activity and was inhibited completely by monoiodoacetate and p-chloromercuribenzoate.
Caractérisation et pathogénie des isolats de Vibrio tapetis, bactérie responsable de la maladie de l'anneau brun chez la palourde japonaise

Sur la facade Atlantique, de la Norvege a l'Espagne, de nombreuses souches de Vibrio tapetis ou apparentees ont ete isolees depuis 1988. Elles sont issues soient de palourdes presentant les symptomes de la maladie de l'anneau brun, soit d'autres mollusques. De plus, V. Tapetis a recemment ete impliquee dans des vibrioses de poissons. Au cours de ce travail, une caracterisation systematique des isolats disponibles (21) a ete menee afin de realiser une etude complete de leur variabilite phenotypique et genetique ainsi que de leur virulence in vivo. Il a ainsi ete montre qu'a l'exception de trois d'entre eux, tous les isolats appartiennent a l'espece V. Tapetis sont virulentes avec une intensite variable. Par ailleurs, l'etude des mecanismes de pathogenie de V. Tapetis a ete realisee a partir de deux approches complementaires : l'une cellulaire et l'autre moleculaire. L'approche cellulaire a permis de montrer d'importantes capacites cytotoxiques de cette bacterie vis a vis des hemocytes : alterations morphologiques (arrondissement et gonflement cellulaire), inhibition des capacites d'adhesion et du metabolisme oxydatif, mortalite. L'approche moleculaire a permis la mise en evidence d'un gene d'h emolysine, de type lecithinase, identifie chez toutes les souches de V. Tapetis. Il s'agit du premier gene de virulence potentiel identifie chez V. Tapetis. Cependant, son implication dans la virulence et le developpement de la maladie de l'anneau brun n'est pas encore elucidee. L'ensemble du travail sur la caracterisation des souches de V. Tapetis constitue une base indispensable pour les recherches futures sur la biogeographie et la phylogenie de ce pathogene. De plus, pour le developpement conjoint des approches in vivo, cellulaire et moleculaire a permis de faire progresser la connaissance sur la pathogenie de V. Tapetis et sur ces mecansimes d'interactions avec les cellules immunitaires de la palourde.
Susceptibility of tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura Fab. (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) to certain entomogenous fungi.

Five isolates of three entomogenous fungi were bioassayed for their infectivity to second instar larvae of Spodoptera litura Fab. by spraying the host larvae with the conidial suspension in the laboratory. Of them, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. (Bapatla isolate) was found to be the most virulent recording the lowest LC 50 of 19.90 × 10 5 conidia ml -1 . Tbe LC 50 values of the Bangalore and New Delhi isolates of B. bassiana, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown and Smith and P. farinosus (Holm ex Gray) Brown and Smith ranged from 5.55 × l0 8 to 5.58 × 10 9 conidia ml -1 , Bioassay of second, third and fourth instar larvae of S. litura for their susceptibility to Bapatla isolate or B. bassiana showed that susceptibility decreased with increase in age of the larvae in terms of both LC 50 and LT 50 .
Patterns of trematode parasitism in lymnaeid snails from northern and central Finland.

A species rich and prevalent larval digenean fauna was found in lymnaeid snail populations from two lakes in northern Finland (Kuivasjarvi and Pyykosjarvi populated by L. stagnalis and L. peregra, respectively) and ten years later in a third lake in central Finland (Kuuhankavesi populated by L. stagnalis). Echinostomes were common to all lakes, one species overlapping between Pyykosjarvi and Kuuhankavesi (Echinostoma revolutum). All three lymnaeid populations also harboured xiphidiocercariae of Plagiorchis elegans, furcocercariae of Diplostomum pseudospathaceum and Trichobilharzia ocellata and the monostome Notocotylus attenuatus. A consistent seasonal pattern of infection was recorded for four of the parasites in Pyykosjarvi, although annual variation in mean prevalence was generally significant. Annual parasite species composition within the three lakes was relatively stable despite the long dormant winter. This may be due to the over-wintering of larval digeneans in infected snails that then act as a source of reinfection of bird definitive hosts each spring.
Genetic map of wheat chromosome 3BS including SV2; an adult plant leaf rust resistance gene

Durable leaf rust resistance in Sinvalocho MA could be explained by the combination of adult plant resistance genes and genes expressed at seedling stage. Two genes, SV1 and SV2, fully expressed at flag leaf stage, were identified previously and SV2 was mapped on chromosome 3BS where no other adult plant leaf rust resistance gene was previously reported (Ingala et al., 2005). Using an F9 population of 91 recombinant inbred lines (RILs), a linkage map of chromosome 3B from the cross Sinvalocho MA and Gamma 6 was constructed. Thirty AFLP and ten SSR markers were allocated in three intervals of 104, 10.7 and 58.96 cM. The more distal interval of 104 cM includes the SV2 gene. In order to develop a fine map of this region, an F2 population of 1108 individuals was used. Three microsatellites, gwm533.2, cft3417 and cft5010 and the SV2 gene were mapped in an interval of 6.24 cM in distal 3BS.
Gravity in International Equity Markets

The size of economies and geographical distance are signi cant determinants of the contemporaneous and cross-serial correlations in international equity market returns across countries. Larger countries lead returns of small-countries, and this cross-country predictability decreases with geographical distance of the two countries. A long-short trading strategy that exploits this relation yields risk-adjusted returns of 10% per annum. The lead-lag relation is not driven by cross-country differences in the average size or liquidity of rms, the degree of stock market development, or the industry composition. Decomposing stock market returns into cash-flow and discount rate news shows that the international transmission of discount-rate news is more pronounced than cash-flow news and that the size of economies and geographical distance are signi cant determinants for both components of returns.