Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Radiographic Atlas of Skeletal Development of the Hand and Wrist

The Brush Foundation studies on human growth and development, begun in 1931 and terminated in 1942, have been intensively reviewed and studied by Dr. Greulich and Miss Pyle in the formulation of this Radiographic Atlas of Skeletal Development of the Hand and Wrist. Serial radiographs of from 2 to 20 hand-films made at successive examinations of each of 1000 boys and girls made up the radiographic material. Standards were selected that were judged to be the most representative of the central tendency or anatomic mode of each chronologic age group from birth through 18 years.
Research of Trusted Authentication in Wireless Mesh Networks

WMNs (Wireless Mesh Networks) are a new wireless broadband network structure based completely on IP technologies and have rapidly become a broadband access measure to offer high capacity, high speed and wide coverage. WMN is such a network that doesn't need to rely on fixed infrastructure and is operated over an open, wireless medium. Any user within the covered area of radio wave may access the network. Therefore, authentication for network access is the first line of defense that can prevent unauthorized users from accessing the network. An authentication scheme is thus a key mechanism to ensure secure access. In this paper, we propose a trusted authentication protocol based on Trusted Platform Module (TPM) in which the validity of both the user and the terminal device is verified. Thus, only trusted terminals used by legal users are allowed to access a WMN.
Location and algorithm of multi-level electric vehicle charging stations

The charging station is part of the crucial infrastructure of the electric vehicle,and the location and scale of the charging stations are significant for the development of the electric vehicle industry.A location and solving algorithm of multi-level electric vehicle charging stations was proposed.Concerning the user' distributions,based on the objective program thought,the multi-level electric site model was developed to minimize the initial construction cost and the total users' charging service cost.An improved tabu search algorithm was presented to solve the model.The new combination of tabu coding and the generating of initial solutions were designed to characterize the two decision variables of the multi-level sites and the allocation to the users,using the strategy of 2-opt search neighbor,locating sites,station levels and the allocation of the demand points to the stations were simultaneously determined.Finally,a numerical example demonstrated that the algorithm had better global searching performance and convergence property and the proposed model was also effective.
Comparison of modern analyzers for the detection of antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with SLE

Abstract Background: The anti-cardiolipin and β2-glycoprotein I antibodies represent the important diagnostic parameters in routine autoimmune screening and represent the important diagnostic criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this study, five different automated, semiautomated, and manual immunoassays detecting IgG/IgM anti-cardiolipin and anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies were tested. Methods: A total of 43 samples from the patients with SLE diagnosed in the rheumatology outpatient centers in Germany were included in this study. Results: For anticardiolipin and anti-β2-glycoprotein I, considerable differences in the percentage of the positive results were found between all the five methods, and the itemization of all the positive test results reached only a poor accordance. These findings were confirmed by Cohen’s κ coefficients. Conclusions: We found a moderate to poor accordance between the five different modern test systems for anticardiolipin and anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies. Such discrepancies can result in the clinical misinterpretation of data and may lead to wrong diagnoses. Therefore, further standardization of the tests for the antiphospholipid antibodies (APAs) is required. Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Anti-Cardiolipin und β2-Glykoprotein I Antikörper präsentieren wichtige Parameter in der Routinediagnostik von Autoimmunerkrankungen und stellen ein wesentliches diagnostisches Kriterium für die Diagnose eines systemischen Lupus erythematodes (SLE) dar. In dieser Studie wurden erstmals alle gängigen modernen voll- und teilautomatisierten Analysesysteme hinsichtlich der Bestimmung von anti-Cardiolipin und β2-Glykoprotein I-Antikörpern miteinander verglichen. Methoden: Es wurden 43 Proben von Patienten mit diagnostiziertem systemischen Lupus erythematodes untersucht. Ergebnisse: Sowohl bei der Bestimmung von anti-Cardiolipin als auch von β2-Glykoprotein I-Antikörpern zeigten sich signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den verschiedenen Verfahren. Statistisch konnte dies durch Einzelbetrachtung der Ergebnisse mittels des Cohens Kappa-Koeffizienten verdeutlicht werden. Schlussfolgerung: Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen eine schwache bis fehlende Übereinstimmung der analytischen Resultate bei der Bestimmung von anti-Cardiolipin und von β2-Glykoprotein I-Antikörpern zwischen den aktuellen teil-/ vollautomatisierten Analyzern. Wesentlich für diese Beurteilung war dabei die Betrachtung der Einzelergebnisse und nicht die der gemittelten Gesamtheit. Abweichungen dieses Ausmaßes können in einer klinischen Fehldiagnose und fehlerhaften Therapie resultieren. Eine weitere Standardisierung ist erforderlich.
La Ciencia, la Tecnología y la Producción: El Eslabón Perdido

En este articulo, se desea hacer una reflexion sobre lo importante que es para un pais invertir en ciencia y tecnologia, ya que si estos se rezagan en la produccion de conocimiento y su aplicacion, tambien lo estaran en la competencia por los mercados lo cual se traduce en desempleo y pobreza generando una perpetua situacion de subdesarrollo. De esta forma, tratamos de mostrar que en un mundo globalizado la mejor estrategia para generar bienestar y progreso es apoyando a la ciencia y a la tecnologia y acoplando los conocimientos alli generados a la produccion. Abstract In this article, it is desired to make a reflection about the importance to invest in science and technology for the country is made. Because if these efforts fall behind the production of knowledge and its application, the market competition will also be depressed. Consequently, this will be translated in unemployment and poverty, generating a perpetual undevelopment situation. In this way, we try to show that in a globalize world, the best strategy to generate well-being and progress is supporting science and technology, and bringing together the created knowledge to the production area.
EFFICIENT POINTCUT PROJECTION

Pointcuts in aspect-oriented programming languages specify run-time events which cause execution of additional functionality. Hereby, pointcuts typically have a pattern-based static component selecting instructions whose execution triggers an event, e.g. a pattern that selects method-call instructions based on the target method's name. Current implementations realise identification of matching instructions by examining all instructions in the executed program and matching them against all patterns found in the program's pointcuts. But such an implementation is slow. An optimised implementation is therefore highly desirable in run-time environments which support the dynamic deployment of aspects; slow pattern evaluation invariably causes a slowdown of the entire application. The patterns used in pointcuts supported by current languages, i.e. method, constructor, and field signatures, are well structured. In order to speed-up pattern matching, this structure can be exploited, both to create indexes over the relevant instructions and to optimise the order in which the sub-patterns are evaluated. In this thesis we present background on pattern matching and outline two optimisation strategies. We furthermore present two case studies that survey signatures and patterns that actually occur in the real-world. This results in several heuristics that can improve the performance of matching patterns to instructions. The information gathered in the survey and the two outlines optimisation strategies are used to determine how efficient the different optimisation strategies work at run-time. We present multiple implementations of these optimisation strategies and compare their run-time performance. This results in several efficient optimisation strategies which can be chosen based on variables such as the number of attachments that are going to be applied, application size and memory requirements.
Factors influencing the performance of innovation contests

Innovatiecompetities (“innovation contests”) zijn een populair mechanisme om gekwalificeerde oplossingen voor innovatieproblemen te realiseren en hebben veel aandacht gekregen van de academische wereld. Er blijven echter uitdagingen bestaan voor vraagstellers (“seekers”; organisaties die voor een innovatieprobleem hulp van externe experts zoeken), zoals; hoe ontwerp je deze competities, hoe formuleer je de probleemvraag, hoe trek je aandacht van oplossers (“solvers”) en hoe modelleer je het proces. Dit proefschrift bouwt een raamwerk om het proces te onderzoeken. Met behulp van twee datasets van een bekend online platform voor designproblemen, wordt vervolgens empirisch het effect van de probleemvraag en de diversiteit van de oplossers op de competitie-uitkomsten onderzocht. Hoofdstuk 2 laat zien dat de leesbaarheid en de lengte van de probleemvraag het aantal hoge-kwaliteit en lage-kwaliteit oplossers beinvloeden en uiteindelijk ook de competitie-uitkomsten. Hoofdstuk 3 vindt een omgekeerde U-vorm relatie tussen de verscheidenheid van de oplossers en de competitie-uitkomsten en een negatief, dalend effect van de onzekerheid van de probleemvragen over dit niet-lineaire effect. Hoofdstuk 4 laat zien dat de kans dat de oplossers zich bij de competitie aansluiten en kwalitatief hoogwaardige oplossingen indienen wordt beinvloed door het cumulatieve aantal oplossers en het cumulatieve aantal hoogwaardige oplossingen. Dit proefschrift analyseert drie manieren waarop de competitie-uitkomsten kan worden beinvloed. Er ontstaan zodoende nieuwe inzichten in het verbeteren van de competitie-uitkomsten door het adequaat formuleren van de probleemvragen, het proactief beheren van de diversiteit onder oplossers en het adequaat scoren van de ingediende oplossingen.
3-D visualisation for the study of arterial disease and tissue characterisation

A novel approach to arterial imaging using ultrasonic data is presented. A catheter-mounted ultrasound probe is used to acquire data from within the arterial lumen. Signals reflected from the vessel wall are manipulated by specially created software in order to recreate a three dimensional model of the arterial segment. Of the available reconstruction strategies, the use of volume elements (voxels) has been selected to create detailed and realistic images. A 2-D image is first formed from a matrix of picture elements (pixels), derived from coordinates obtained from the received ultrasound signal. The 3-D image is then recreated in full voxel space from a series of these 2-D pixel images, using linear interpolation between the 2-D slices. The system has been used to recreate accurate 3-D images of arterial models and post-mortem human arterial specimens. <<ETX>>
Resistance exercise combined with KAATSU during simulated weightlessness

The application of a gravity-specific stress (e.g. LBNP), in combination with exercise, prevents cardiovascular deconditioning in space flight. KAATSU training is a method to induce blood pooling in capacitance vessels by restricting venous return (as with LBNP) and which when combined with low-intensity resistance (RE) exercise produces remarkable muscle mass and muscle strength gains. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hemodynamic and neurohumonal responses induced by KAATSU in combination with leg RE (30 % 1 RM), during simulated weightlessness (6°head-down tilt for 24 h, n=7). Following 24 h bed rest 6° head-down tilt, body mass was decreased from 75.3 ± 3.9 to 73.3 ± 3.8 Kg (P<0.01). Blood volume (BV) and plasma volume (PV) were reduced by −4.4 ± 1.4% and −7.9 ± 2.5%, respectively. During RE, BV and PV were significantly decreased; the changes with KAATSU induced a lower-body venous pooling, resulting in a sustained decrease in stroke volume (SV; from 77.0 ± 4.4 ml to 55.9 ± 5.1 ml; P<0.01) that was comparable to resting SV while standing. Consequently, RE heart rate (HR) was greater with KAATSU. The serum concentrations of plasma renin activity (PRA), vasopressin (ADH), noradrenaline (NOR), and lactate were also significantly elevated during RE with KAATSU as compared to control RE. These hemodynamic and neurohumoral responses following head-down tilt and during RE closely approximate the gravity-specific stress observed with LBNP. Thus, when used in combination with RE, KAATSU may be a useful countermeasure in microgravity.
University of Botswana Undergraduates Uses of the Internet: Implications on Academic Performance

The recognized potential of technology to improve education has led to several initiatives to foster effective use and integration in the curriculum. The Internet as a new invented technology holds the greatest promise humanity has known for learning and universal access to quality education. It allows students to broaden their academic experience, access important information and communicate to others within academic community. In the light of these therefore, this study examined undergraduate's uses of the Internet and its implications on their academic performance at the University of Botswana, Gaborone. Three hundred and six undergraduate students from thirteen systematically selected departments formed the study sample. A modified Internet Use scale was used to gather data for the study. The data collected was analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square and Friedman test. The results indicate that: majority of the respondents (66%) access the Internet 1-5 hours per week, 33.3% of respondents access the Internet 6-20 hours per week and 0.7% of respondents access the Internet between 21-25 hours per week. Moreover, most respondents use the Internet for the purpose of obtaining course related information. The results also reveal that Internet contributes significantly to academic performance of the respondents. To enhance and optimise the use of the Internet so that learning can take place at any time and anywhere, providing more access to computers and the Internet on campus constitutes the major recommendations. Future areas of research could include determining variations in Internet use by students from different disciplines, determining the nature and relationships between Internet use and academic performance.
A fault‐tolerant dynamic scheduling method on hierarchical mobile edge cloud computing

Mobile edge cloud computing has been a promising computing paradigm, where mobile users could offload their application workloads to low‐latency local edge cloud resources. However, compared with remote public cloud resources, conventional local edge cloud resources are limited in computation capacity, especially when serve large number of mobile applications. To deal with this problem, we present a hierarchical edge cloud architecture to integrate the local edge clouds and public clouds so as to improve the performance and scalability of scheduling problem for mobile applications. Besides, to achieve a trade‐off between the cost and system delay, a fault‐tolerant dynamic resource scheduling method is proposed to address the scheduling problem in mobile edge cloud computing. The optimization problem could be formulated to minimize the application cost with the user‐defined deadline satisfied. Specifically, firstly, a game‐theoretic scheduling mechanism is adopted for resource provisioning and scheduling for multiprovider mobile applications. Then, a mobility‐aware dynamic scheduling strategy is presented to update the scheduling with the consideration of mobility of mobile users. Moreover, a failure recovery mechanism is proposed to deal with the uncertainties during the execution of mobile applications. Finally, experiments are designed and conducted to validate the effectiveness of our proposal. The experimental results show that our method could achieve a trade‐off between the cost and system delay.
Therapiemöglichkeiten chronischer urologischer Schmerzsyndrome am Beispiel der Interstitiellen Zystitis

Therapeutic Approaches to Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndromes in Urology Exemplified by the Bladder Pain Syndrome Currently Called Interstitial Cystitis. Etiology and pathogenesis of chronic non-bacterial pelvic pain syndromes, e. g. the condition currently called interstitial cystitis, are both still not fully understood. A causal treatment for these conditions is thus currently not available. From the plentitude of therapeutic concepts no generally accepted evidence-based therapeutic algorithm has been evolved and still no so-called standard treatment has been achieved. Treatments can be divided into oral, intravesical, operative and physical procedures. There are also meaningful supplementary therapy procedures beyond the boundaries of classical school medicine. The WHO recommendations provide the basis for basic pain therapy. For oral therapeutic procedures currently in use the following compounds with different levels of evidence have been recommended: amitriptylin, hydroxyzin, pentosan polysulfate. Many other orally administered drugs have also been used although in many cases evidence of efficacy is lacking, including anticonvulsants, L-arginine and various immunomodulators and immunosuppressants. Intravesical treatments include botulinum toxin A, dimethyl sulfoxide, heparin and glycosaminoglycan substitutes. Regarding physical procedures bladder distension and hyperbaric oxygenation show efficacy. When conventional therapeutic methods fail, surgical (partial) removal of the urinary bladder or urinary diversion procedures represent the therapeutic ultima ratio. There are hardly any controlled studies on alternative curative procedures although rather good results have been obtained in chronic pelvic pain syndrome with acupuncture as an additional therapeutic modality. J Urol Urogynakol 2008; 15 (4): 18–26. Tabelle 1: Auflistung und Unterteilung klassischer Therapieverfahren fur die Interstitielle Zystitis Oral-systemische Therapien – Analgetika und Anasthetika – Montelukast – Antihistaminika – Naloxon – Antidepressiva – Amlodipin – Calcitonin – Prostaglandine – Natriumpentosanpolysulfat (PPS) – Suplatast-Tosilat – L-Arginin – Verschiedene Immun– Vinpocetin suppressiva Intravesikale Therapien – Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) – EMDA-Anwendung – Botulinumtoxin A – Heparin – Chondroitinsulfat – Hyaluronsaure – Dimethylsulfoxid (DMSO) – Natriumpentosanpolysulfat – Resiniferatoxin Operative Therapieverfahren – Harnableitung – Laserverfahren – Transurethrale Resektion (TUR) – (partielle) Zystektomie Physikalische Therapieverfahren – Akupunktur – Hyperbare Sauerstoff– Blasendistension therapie (HBO) – Blasentraining – Neuromodulation – Transkutane elektrische – Thiele-Massage Nervenstimulation (TENS) For personal use only. Not to be reproduced without permission of Krause & Pachernegg GmbH. J UROL UROGYNAKOL 2008; 15 (4) Therapie chronischer Schmerzsyndrome 19 Im Folgenden werden verschiedene, ausgewahlte Therapieverfahren dargestellt.
Application of Sigmoidal Gompertz Curves in Reverse Parallel Parking for Autonomous Vehicles

A new method for the planning and autonomous execution of a single-trajectory, velocity-independent, parallel parking manoeuvre for autonomous vehicles is presented. The procedure commences with the identification and pre-selection of a smooth sigmoidal trajectory known as the Gompertz curve in parametric format. Trajectory parameters are determined in real-time during the path-planning phase using an optimization scheme in order to generate a candidate path. The optimization scheme takes into account the maximum steering angles that can be physically realized and checks the generated candidate trajectory for collisions. Thereafter, the trajectory is reparametrized to arc-length format using the cubic interpolation method and the vehicle orientation at every point of the trajectory is deduced. Following that, values of the steering angle(s) are determined. In the final step, the vehicle uses dead-reckoning to follows the arc-length parametrized path in reverse in order to park itself in a single-manoeuvre. The proposed method is substantiated through both extensive simulations and real sensor data.
Impact of Congestion and Traffic Flow on Crash Frequency and Severity: Application of Smartphone-Collected GPS Travel Data

Mobility and safety are the two greatest priorities within any transportation system. Ideally, traffic flow enhancement and crash reductions could occur simultaneously, although their relationship is likely complex. The impact of traffic congestion and flow on road safety requires more empirical evidence to determine the direction and magnitude of the relationship. The study of this relationship is an ideal application for instrumented vehicles and surrogate safety measures (SSMs). The purpose of this paper is to correlate quantitative measures of congestion and flow derived from smartphone-collected GPS data with collision frequency and severity at the network scale. GPS travel data were collected in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, and the sample for this study contained data for more than 4,000 drivers and 20,000 trips. The extracted SSMs, the congestion index (CI), average speed ( V ), and the coefficient of variation of speed (CVS) were compared with crash data collected over an 11-year period from 2000 to 2010 with the use of Spearman’s correlation coefficient and pairwise Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests. The correlations with crash frequency were weak to moderate. CI was shown to be positively correlated with crash frequency, and the relationship to crash severity was found to be nonmonotonous. Higher congestion levels were related to crashes with major injuries, whereas low congestion levels were related to crashes with minor injuries and fatalities. Surprisingly, V was found to be negatively correlated with crash frequency and had no conclusive statistical relationship to crash severity. CVS was positively correlated with crash frequency and statistically related to increased crash severity. Future work will focus on the development of a network screening model that incorporates these SSMs.
Comparative Analysis Of AODV, DSR Routing Protocols In Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a group of wireless mobile nodes dynamically forming a network topology without the use of any existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. The main procedure for evaluating the performance of MANETs is simulation. The on-demand protocol performs better than the table-driven protocols. Different methods and simulation environments give different results. One protocol may be the best in one network configuration but the worst in another. Here an attempt is being made to compare the performance of on demand reactive routing protocols i.e. AODV and DSR. Always the network protocols were simulated as a function of mobility, but not as a function of network density. Here the performance of AODV and DSR is evaluated by varying network density and traffic pairs. These simulations are carried out using the NS-2 which is the main network simulator, NAM (Network Animator) and Java program for trace file analysis.