Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Working Paper Series Ethnic Distribution , Effective Power and Conflict

Ethnic heterogeneity can potentially be related to the occurrence of conflicts with longlasting economic effects. Two main measures of ethnic heterogeneity are employed in the econometric literature on ethnic diversity and conflict: the Gini heterogeneity or fractionalization index and the discrete polarization index. However, still no broad consensus is reached on which distributional aspect of ethnic diversity is associated with the outbreak of conflict. In this paper we argue that the relative importance of each pattern of ethnic diversity depends on the trade-off between the groups' power and its interaction with other groups. Following the Esteban and Ray [On the measurement of polarization, Econometrica, 62(4), 1994] approach to social antagonism, we axiomatically derive a parametric class of indices of conflict potential that combines the groups' effective power and the between-groups interaction. We use a discrete metric to define the distances between groups and we do not treat each group as a unitary actor. Moreover, we assume that the effective power of a group depends not only on its own relative size but also on the relative size of all the other groups in the population. We show that for certain parameter values the obtained indices reduce to the existing indices of ethnic diversity, while in general the derived indices combine in a non-linear way three different aspects of ethnic diversity, namely the fractionalization, the polarization and the ethnic dominance. The power component of the extreme element of the class of indices is given by the relative Penrose-Banzhaf index of voting power. The results from our empirical exercise show that the derived extreme index outperforms the existing indices of ethnic diversity in the explanation of ethnic conflict onset.
Spatial and seasonal variation in nutrient excretion by benthic invertebrates in a eutrophic reservoir

SUMMARY1. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) ﬂuxes via excretion by benthic invertebrates werequantiﬁed in a eutrophic reservoir (Acton Lake, Ohio, U.S.A.). We quantiﬁed variation innutrient ﬂuxes seasonally (June until November 1997), spatially (three sites) and amongtaxa (chironomids, tubiﬁcid oligochaetes and Chaoborus). 2. The three taxa differed in spatial distribution and contribution to nutrient ﬂuxes. Tubiﬁcids were the most abundant taxon at two oxic sites (1.5 and 4 m depth), and wereexceedingly rare at an anoxic, hypolimnetic site (8 m). Chironomids were abundant only atthe shallowest oxic site. Chaoborus was the only abundant taxon at the anoxic site. Totalbenthic invertebrate biomass was greatest at the shallowest site and lowest at the anoxic,hypolimnetic site.3. Mass-speciﬁc excretion rate [lmol NH 4 –N or soluble reactive P (SRP) excreted mg drymass –1 h –1 ] varied among experiments and was inﬂuenced by temperature. Differencesamong taxa were not signiﬁcant. Thus, nutrient ﬂux through benthic invertebrates wasaffected more by total invertebrate biomass and temperature than by species composition.4. Fluxes of N and P via benthic invertebrate excretion (lmol NH
An automatic text summarization using simplified Lesk Algorithm

Text Summarization is the method by which the noteworthy segments of a text are recovered. Diverse philosophies are created till now relying on a few parameters to discover the summary based on the position, configuration and sort of the sentences in an information content, organizations of various words, recurrence of a specific word in content and so on. As indicated by various information sources, these predefined limitations enormously influence the outcome. The proposed approach generates the outline by undertaking an unsupervised learning method. The significance of a sentence in an information content is assessed by the assistance of Simplified Lesk Algorithm. As an online semantic dictionary WordNet is utilized. To start with, this approach assesses the weights of the considerable number of sentences of a content independently utilizing the Simplified Lesk Algorithm's calculation and organizes them in diminishing request as indicated by their weights. Next, depending upon the given level of the synopsis, a specific number of sentences are chosen from that requested rundown. The proposed approach gives best outcomes up to half outline of the original content.
Physical Layer Mechanism based Secure Key Exchange for 5G Networks

5G wireless networks are evolving to meet the rapid increase in the demand of the users to get high-quality broadband services with high-speed data rate. This advance development came up with a lot of challenges such as coverage region, security, energy efficiency, spectrum utilization, cost, latency, and data rate. To ensure the security, there are many conventional key exchange algorithms that need complex infrastructure. In recent times, physical layer-based security has gained a lot of attention since it offers the simple and efficient way of key exchange by exploiting wireless channel characteristics. In this project, for secret key sharing between the two legitimate users through the correlated channel that is shared with eavesdropper, a pre-equalization transmit filter that inverts the main channel is employed. Further to decrease the probability of interception by eavesdropper while permitting successful decoding by the legitimate user. Low-Density Parity Check (LDPC) code is used to assure reliable communication. Modulation schemes such as basic QPSK and 64,128 and 256- QAM are used to achieve higher bit rates. To achieve high secrecy between the legitimate users zero forcing algorithm is used to invert the channel. Through simulations, the effect of channel correlation will be studied to analyze the low secret key mismatch between the Bob and Eve. Here Eve having high Bit Error Rate(BER) so that eve could not obtain the original bits. The simulation will be done using Matlab.
Designing & Analysis of Flip Flops using OBSC and RTPG Integration for Efficient Low Power

In Integrated circuits a gargantuan portion of chip power is expended by clocking system which comprises of timing elements such as flip-flops, latches and clock distribution network. This paper enumerates power efficient design of shift registers using D flip-flops along with Clock and Power gating integration. Clock gating and power gating proves to be very effective solutions for reducing dynamic and active leakage power respectively. The two techniques are coupled in such a way that the clock gating information is used to drive the control signal of power-gating circuitry. In this paper, an activity driven fine-grained clock and power gating is proposed. First, a technique named Optimized Bus-Specific-Clock-Gating (OBSC) is introduced which reduces the problem of gated flip-flop selection by appropriate selection of subset of flip-flops. Then another technique named Run Time Power Gating (RTPG) is proposed for power gating the combinational logics performing redundant operations. The proposed method is simulated in T-Spice. The proposed OBSC and stacking PG method reduces the dynamic and leakage power while compare with existing CG and PG method.
Association of Creatine kinase (MB) and troponin (I) with electrocardiographic changes, in acute myocardial infarction

72 (Seventy two) patients with complaints of chest pain and discomfort were clinically examined and evaluated by using ECG, Creatine kinase MB and cardiac Troponin I. Of these, 61 patients were had diagnosed to have acute myocardial ? nfarction. 64% of them had elevated Creatine kinase MB whereas only 23% showed elevated Troponin I. Within the first six hours, Creatine kinase MB was elevated in 21% patients in contrast to 13% with elevated Troponin I. Elevated Creatine kinase MB was significantly associated with ECG changes (p<0.005)while Troponin I was not. Although, Troponin I was found to be 100% specific for Acute Myocardial Infarction, Creatine kinase MB was more sensitive. Diagnostic efficacy of Creatine kinase MB was also found to be more than Troponin I.
EPE 2017 : The Trento – Gothenburg Opinion Extraction System

We give an overview of one of the three downstream systems in the Extrinsic Parser Evaluation shared task of 2017: the Trento–Gothenburg system for opinion extraction. We describe the modifications required to make the system agnostic to its input dependency representation, and discuss how the input affects the various submodules of the system. The results of the EPE shared task are presented and discussed, and to get a more detailed understanding of the effects of the dependencies we run two of the submodules separately. The results suggest that the module where the effects are strongest is the opinion holder extraction module, which can be explained by the fact that this module uses several dependency-based features. For the other modules, the effects are hard to measure.
The potential impact of climate change on the infectious diseases of commercially important shellfish populations in the Irish Sea—a review

Andrew F. Rowley1*, Maud E. Cross2, Sarah C. Culloty2, Sharon A. Lynch2, Clara L. Mackenzie3, EmerMorgan2, RuthM.O’Riordan2, PeterE. Robins3,AmandaL. Smith1, Tara J. Thrupp1,Claire L.Vogan4, Emma C. Wootton1, and Shelagh K. Malham3 Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK Aquaculture and Fisheries Development Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales, UK College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK *Corresponding Author: tel: +44 1792 295 455; e-mail: a.f. rowley@swansea.ac. uk
Oligocene clockwise rotations along the eastern Pamir: Tectonic and paleogeographic implications

Despite the importance of the Pamir range in controlling Asian paleoenvironments and land‐sea paleogeography, its tectonic evolution remains poorly constrained in time and space, hindering its potential for understanding deep to surface processes. We provide here new constraints on vertical‐axis tectonic rotations from the southwest Tarim Basin along the eastern flank of the Pamir arcuate range based on paleomagnetic results. Two well‐dated Eocene to Oligocene sections, previously analyzed using biostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy, yield consistently clockwise rotations of 21.6 ± 4.2° in 41 to 36 Ma strata then 17.1 ± 6.5° in 33 to 28 Ma strata at the Aertashi section and 14.2 ± 11.5° in 41 to 40 Ma strata at the Kezi section. Combined with a regional review of existing paleomagnetic studies, these results indicate that most of the clockwise rotations along the eastern Pamir occurred during Oligocene times and did not extend systematically and regionally into the Tarim Basin. In contrast, on the western flank of the Pamir tectonic rotations in Cretaceous to Neogene strata are regionally extensive and systematically counterclockwise throughout the Afghan‐Tajik Basin. This timing and pattern of rotations is consistent with paleogeographic reconstructions of the regional sea retreat out of Central Asia and supports a two‐stage kinematic model: (1) symmetric rotations of either flanks of the Pamir arcuate range until Oligocene times followed by (2) continued rotations on its western flank associated with radial thrusting and, along the eastern flank, no further rotations due to decoupled transfer slip starting in the Early Miocene.
Observing Earthquakes Triggered in the Near Field by Dynamic Deformations

We examine the hypothesis that dynamic deformations associated with seismic waves trigger earthquakes in many tectonic environments. Our analysis focuses on seismicity at close range (within the aftershock zone), complementing published studies of long-range triggering. Our results suggest that dynamic triggering is not confined to remote distances or to geothermal and volcanic regions. Long unilaterally propagating ruptures may focus radiated dynamic deformations in the propagation direction. Therefore, we expect seismicity triggered dynamically by a directive rupture to occur asymmetrically, with a majority of triggered earthquakes in the direction of rupture propagation. Bilaterally propagating ruptures also may be directive, and we propose simple criteria for assessing their directivity. We compare the inferred rupture direction and observed seismicity rate change following 15 earthquakes ( M 5.7 to M 8.1) that occurred in California and Idaho in the United States, the Gulf of Aqaba, Syria, Guatemala, China, New Guinea, Turkey, Japan, Mexico, and Antarctica. Nine of these mainshocks had clearly directive, unilateral ruptures. Of these nine, seven apparently induced an asymmetric increase in seismicity rate that correlates with the rupture direction. The two exceptions include an earthquake preceded by a comparable-magnitude event on a conjugate fault and another for which data limitations prohibited conclusive results. Similar (but weaker) correlations were found for the bilaterally rupturing earthquakes we studied. Although the static stress change also may trigger seismicity, it and the seismicity it triggers are expected to be similarly asymmetric only if the final slip is skewed toward the rupture terminus. For several of the directive earthquakes, we suggest that the seismicity rate change correlates better with the dynamic stress field than the static stress change. Manuscript received 1 March 2002.
James’s rule and causes and consequences of a latitudinal cline in the demography of John’s Snapper (Lutjanus johnii) in coastal waters of Australia

Demographic parameters were derived from sectioned otoliths of John’s Snapper (Lutjanus johnii) from 4 regions across 9° of latitude and 23° of longitude in northern Australia. Latitudinal variation in size and growth rates of this species greatly exceeded longitudinal variation. Populations of John’s Snapper farthest from the equator had the largest body sizes, in line with James’s rule, and the fastest growth rates, contrary to the temperature-size rule for ectotherms. A maximum age of 28.6 years, nearly 3 times previous estimates, was recorded and the largest individual was 990 mm in fork length. Females grew to a larger mean asymptotic fork length (L∞) than did males, a finding consistent with functional gonochorism. Otolith weight at age and gonad weight at length followed the same latitudinal trends seen in length at age. Length at maturity was ~72–87% of L∞ and varied by ~23% across the full latitudinal gradient, but age at first maturity was consistently in the range of 6–10 years, indicating that basic growth trajectories were similar across vastly different environments. We discuss both the need for complementary reproductive data in age-based studies and the insights gained from experiments where the concept of oxygen- and capacity-limited thermal tolerance is applied to explain the mechanistic causes of James’s rule in tropical fish species.
Grouping Characteristics of Leadership in IT and Non-IT Organizations - Factor Analysis

The growth of IT industry has been rapid compared to any other industry. It can generally be classified as IT Services, Engineering Services, ITeS-BPO Services and e-Business. IT Services include Information Services (IS) outsourcing, packaged software support and installation, systems integration, processing services, hardware support and installation and IT training and education. Leaders play a critical role in an organization in its success or failure. Successful organizations have leaders who are responsive to new opportunities and direct the enterprise to progressively execute key strategic imperatives. In the era of technological and dynamic world, leaders have to take up the challenges in the environment of the business and turn these radical and fundamental changes into competitive advantages of the organization. Leaders do things differently, that enhances the efficacy and performance of the organization. Turbulent environments require efficient managers to lead employees towards accomplishing business goals. Managers have different roles and responsibilities at each level of management within an organization. These roles and responsibilities require capabilities of professional maturity for managers. Hence, to find out the characteristics of leadership and group them in IT and Non-IT organizations.
change Diversity , competition , extinction : the ecophysics of language

References http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/7/53/1647.full. html#ref-list-1 This article cites 82 articles, 11 of which can be accessed free Rapid response http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing. org/letters/submit/royinterface;7/53/1647 Respond to this article Subject collections (193 articles) biomathematics  (30 articles) biocomplexity  Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections
Enhancement of Dynamic Stability of Multi-machine System with FACT Devices

This paper presents the enhancement of dynamic stability of Multi Machine with the help of FACT devices. If there is lack of damping torque in power system then it can lead to fluctuations and instability. For the solution to this problem, power system stabilizers (PSSs) have been widely used to improve power system stability. Where due to few drawbacks of the conventional PSSs, the need for finding a better substitution still remains. In this paper, the application of a Flexible AC Transmission(FACT Devices) is used to improve dynamic stability of a multi machine. Based upon the modal analysis and singular value analysis, the dynamic voltage stability analysis is carried out. The proposed approach has the advantages of the classical static voltage stability analysis and the modern multi-variable feedback control theory. The values and vectors are calculated for frequencies corresponding to the critical system modes. This proposed method is also applicable to very large systems.
Impact of infill development on prices of existing apartments in Finnish urban neighbourhoods

Popularity of infill development is increasing because of the environmental benefits and cost saving potential it provides, which relate to the possibility to use existing infrastructure and services. However, the impact of infill development on value of existing properties has not been studied to a sufficient extent. Therefore, the aim of our study is to analyse whether infill development affects the prices of existing apartments. We carried out statistical analysis based on data from seven case neighbourhoods, and prices of more than 6000 housing transactions from one decade. The results of our analysis do not support the hypothesis of infill development affecting positively existing housing prices, but neither did the study show a significant negative effect. Both amenity effect and negative externalities may provide explanations as to why property values do not change due to infill development.
A SYSTEM TO MONITOR AND IMPROVE MEDICATION SAFETY IN THE SETTING OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY

Clinical decision support systems can decrease comm on errors related to inadequate dosing for nephrotoxic or renally cleare d drugs. Within the computerized provider order entry (CPOE) system, we developed, i mplemented, and evaluated a set of interventions with varying levels of workflow intru siveness to continuously monitor for and alert providers about acute kidney injury. Pas sive alerts appeared as persistent text within the CPOE system and on rounding reports, req ui ing no provider response. Exit check alerts interrupted the provider at the end of the CPOE session, requiring the provider to modify or discontinue the drug order, a ssert the current dose as correct, or defer the alert. In the intervention period, the n umber of drugs modified or discontinued within 24 hours increased from 35.7% to 50.9%, and the median time to modification or discontinuation decreased from 27.1 hours to 12.9 h ours. Providers delayed decisions by repeatedly deferring the alerts. Future enhancemen ts will address frequent deferrals by involving other team members in making mid-regimen prescription decisions.
10-14-2014 EGFR Phosphorylates and Inhibits Lung Tumor Suppressor GPRC 5 A in Lung Cancer

Background: GPRC5A is a retinoic acid inducible gene that is preferentially expressed in lung tissue. Gprc5a– knockout mice develop spontaneous lung cancer, indicating Gprc5a is a lung tumor suppressor gene. GPRC5A expression is frequently suppressed in majority of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), however, elevated GPRC5A is still observed in a small portion of NSCLC cell lines and tumors, suggesting that the tumor suppressive function of GPRC5A is inhibited in these tumors by an unknown mechanism. Methods: In this study, we examined EGF receptor (EGFR)-mediated interaction and tyrosine phosphorylation of GPRC5A by immunoprecipitation (IP)-Westernblot. Tyrosine phosphorylation of GPRC5A by EGFR was systematically identified by site-directed mutagenesis. Cell proliferation, migration, and anchorage-independent growth of NSCLC cell lines stably transfected with wild-type GPRC5A and mutants defective in tyrosine phosphorylation were assayed. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining analysis with specific antibodies was performed to measure the total and phosphorylated GPRC5A in both normal lung and lung tumor tissues. Result: We found that EGFR interacted with GPRC5A and phosphorylated it in two conserved double-tyrosine motifs, Y317/Y320 and Y347/ Y350, at the C-terminal tail of GPRC5A. EGF induced phosphorylation of GPRC5A, which disrupted GPRC5A-mediated suppression on anchorage-independent growth of NSCLC cells. On contrary, GPRC5A-4 F, in which the four tyrosine residues have been replaced with phenylalanine, was resistant to EGF-induced phosphorylation and maintained tumor suppressive activities. Importantly, IHC analysis with anti-Y317/Y320-P sites showed that GPRC5A was non-phosphorylated in normal lung tissue whereas it was highly tyrosine-phosphorylated in NSCLC tissues. Conclusion: GPRC5A can be inactivated by receptor tyrosine kinase via tyrosine phosphorylation. Thus, targeting EGFR can restore the tumor suppressive functions of GPRC5A in lung cancer.
DOA Estimation for Automotive Radar

4 Abbreviations . 5 Chapter 1 . 8 Introduction . 8 1.1 DOA estimation . 8 1.2 Automotive Radar . 9 1.3 Pre-requisite knowledge . 9 Chapter 2 . 11 Literature survey . 11 2.1 Beamforming Technique . 11 2.2 Automotive Radar Model . 12 2.3 Signal Model. 12 2.4 Cramer-Rao Bound. 13 2.5 Capon Beamforming. 14 2.6 Conventional FFT-based DOA Estimation. 15 2.7 Maximum Likelihood Estimation. 16 2.8 Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC algorithm). 17 Chapter 3 . 22 Proposed algorithm . 22 3.1 Single source Interpolator . 22