Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of The Religious Tourism of Menara Kudus on Community’s Economy

The potential of sharia religious tourism is growing along with the increasing Muslim population of the world. Religious tourism is expected to meet the needs of the community for tourism and employment. Thus the development in the field of tourism has the ultimate goal of increasing people's income which has an impact on improving the people's economy. One of the religious tourism areas in Kudus Regency is Menara Kudus tourism area. This area includes the attractions of the Menara Kudus or Kudus Tower, Menara Kudus Mosque (Al Aqsa Mosque) and the tomb of Sunan Kudus. The effect arising from the existence of Menara Kudus is the growth of community economic activities namely traders, craftsmen and service providers. The Religious Tourism of Menara Kudus also improves the community's economy as indicated by an increase in income and changes in the number of workers from weekdays and peak days of visits in the month of the annual tourism event. From the evaluation of the economic generation simulation of community economic activities, it is shown that traders are the most type of business activity in the Menara Kudus religious tourism area and are the most spread in Zone C, where the Menara attractions are located.
The effect of iron carboxymaltose treatment on quality of life in women with iron deficiency

Amac: Demir eksikligi anemisi; en sik tespit edilen anemi nedeni olup, gelismis ulkelerde bile kadinlarin %20’sini etkilemektedir. Bu calismada parenteral ferrik karboksimaltoz tedavisinin hastalarin yasam kalitesine olan etkisi degerlendirilmistir. Yontemler: Bu retrospektif kohort calisma SBU Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi Kadin Hastaliklari ve Dogum Klinigi’nde yapilmistir. Parenteral ferrik karboksimaltoz tedavisi verilen 50 hastada, tedavi oncesi ve sonrasi 6. hafta arasinda yasam kalitesi acisindan degisim; Kisa Form 36 olcegi kullanilarak degerlendirilmistir. Bulgular: Tedavi oncesi hemoglobin duzeyi 8,22 gr/dl iken tedavi sonrasi 6. Haftada 12,02 gr/dl duzeyine yukselmistir. Tedavi oncesi 34,7 (39) olan fiziksel rol guclugu, tedavi sonrasinda 54,2 (39,8)’e yukselmistir (P=0,006). Emosyonel rol guclugu, (P=0,330), enerji canlilik (P=0,210) ve ruh sagligi (P=0,910) alt boyutlarinda anlamli farklilik olmadigi saptanmistir. 3 hastada minor yan etki gozlenmistir. Sonuc: Parenteral demir karboksimaltoz tedavisi ozellikle fiziksel rol guclugu kategorisinde olmak uzere yasam kalitesini belirgin sekilde artirmistir. Bu yuzden demir eksikligi etkili bir sekilde replase edilmelidir.
The effect of temperature on the size and population density of dinoflagellates in larvae of the reef coral Porites astreoides

Pre-settlement events play an important role in determining larval success in marine invertebrates with bentho-pelagic life histories, yet the consequences of these events typically are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the pre-settlement impacts of different seawater temperatures on the size and population density of dinoflagellate symbionts in brooded larvae of the Caribbean coral Porites astreoides. Larvae were collected from P. astreoides at 14-20 m depth on Conch Reef (Florida) in June 2002, and incubated for 24 h at 15 temperatures spanning the range 25.1 degrees-30.0 degrees C in mean increments of 0.4 +/- 0.1 degrees C (+/- SD). The most striking feature of the larval responses was the magnitude of change in both parameters across this 5 degrees C temperature range within 24 h. In general, larvae were largest and had the highest population densities of Symbiodinium sp. between 26.4 degrees-27.7 degrees C, and were smallest and had the lowest population densities at 25.8 degrees C and 28.8 degrees C. Larval size and symbiont population density were elevated slightly (relative to the minimal values) at the temperature extremes of 25.1 degrees C and 30 degrees C. These data demonstrate that coral larvae are highly sensitive to seawater temperature during their pelagic phase, and respond through changes in size and the population densities of Symbiodinium sp. to ecologically relevant temperature signals within 24 h. The extent to which these changes are biologically meaningful will depend on the duration and frequency of exposure of coral larvae to spatio-temporal variability in seawater temperature, and whether the responses have cascading effects on larval success and their entry to the post-settlement and recruitment phase.
Amino acid, fatty acid, and mineral composition of 24 indigenous plants of Burkina Faso

Abstract The leaves, seeds, flowers, and fruit of many indigenous plants are staples of populations who inhabit the Sahel region of Africa. They serve to supplement the nutrients provided by cereals such as millet and sorghum. However, there is a lack of comprehensive compositional data regarding the nutrient content of these indigenous plants. In this report, we present nutritional data for 24 plant materials collected in Burkina Faso, including their content of amino acids, fatty acids, and minerals. Three plants contained 20 to 37% protein (on a dry weight basis): Vigna sp. , Hibiscus esculentus, and Parkiia biglobosa. Relative to a WHO protein standard, three plants scored relatively high: Voadzeiia subterranea, Pennisetum americanum, and Bixa orellana. Plants which contained large amounts of the essential fatty acids linoleic or α-linolenic acid were Vigna sp. , Hibiscus esculentus seeds, Parkiia biglobosa seeds, and Vitex doniana fruit. Three plants were rich in iron: Adansonia digitata, Bixa orellana, and Xylopia sp. The fruit and seeds of Hibiscus esculentus were an excellent source of zinc. The plant foods with the highest calcium content were Adansonia digitata leaves, Hibiscus sp. , and Bombax costatum. These data show that in terms of both quality and quantity there are numerous spontaneous desert plants that can serve as significant sources of essential amino acids, essential fatty acids and trace minerals for populations living in the western Sahel.
Age structure in the false tomato frog Dyscophus guineti from eastern Madagascar compared to the closely related D. antongilii (Anura, Microhylidae)

Abstract The false tomato frog, Dyscophus guineti, is an endemic species of eastern Madagascar, typically found in open and swampy areas of mid-elevation forests. We measured 62 females and 70 males from a population from Marovato, next to Brickaville. Snout-vent length of the individuals ranged from 37.7–112.4 mm in females and 37.7–90.7 mm in males, while the mass varied within the range 25.0–80.2 g in males and 25.8–145.6 g in females. Skeletochronological analysis was conducted on clipped phalanges of 20 males and 20 females. The results of these analyses indicated that the age range was 3–7 years in females and 3–6 years in males, and that sexual maturity was attained between 2 and 4 years, comparatively earlier in males than in females. There was a significant correlation between age and size in females. This species appears larger in size but less long-lived than the sister-species D. antongilii.
Riverine, estuarine and marine migratory behaviour and physiology of wild and hatchery‐reared coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum) smolts descending the Campbell River, BC, Canada

Eighty coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch smolts (40 wild and 40 hatchery-reared) were surgically implanted with acoustic transmitters and released into the Quinsam River over 2 days. Differences in physiology, travel time and migratory behaviour were examined between wild and hatchery-reared fish. In addition, tagged and control fish of both wild and hatchery-reared stock were raised for 3 months following surgery to compare survival and tag retention. Detection ranges of the acoustic receivers were tested in the river, estuary and ocean in a variety of flow conditions and tide levels. Receivers were placed in the river, estuary and up to 50 km north and south from the river mouth in the marine environment. Wild smolts were significantly smaller by mass, fork length and condition factor than hatchery-reared smolts and exhibited significantly higher levels of sodium, potassium and chloride in their blood plasma than hatchery-reared smolts. The gill Na+K+-ATPase activity was also significantly higher in the wild coho smolts at the time of release. Ninety-eight per cent of wild and 80% of hatchery-reared fish survived to the estuary, 8 km downstream of the release site. No difference was found in migration speed, timing or survival between smolts released during daylight and those released after dark. Wild smolts, however, spent less time in the river and estuary, and as a result entered the ocean earlier than hatchery-reared smolts. Average marine swimming speeds for wild smolts were double those of their hatchery-reared counterparts. While hatchery smolts dispersed in both a northward and southward direction upon entering the marine environment, the majority of wild smolts travelled north from the Campbell River estuary. The wild coho salmon smolts were more physiologically fit and ready to enter sea water than the hatchery-reared smolts, and as a result had higher early survival rates and swimming speeds.
Changes in Early Labor Market Outcomes among Young College Graduates in South Korea

The unemployment rate among youths (age 20–29) in South Korea has increased sharply from 6.6 percent in 2002 to 9.8 percent in 2016. At the same time, the college entrance rate remains around 70 percent, and skill mismatch among college goers is a critical policy concern. Little attention has been paid to temporal change in labor market outcomes among college graduates or to the kinds of graduates who are particularly vulnerable to labor market uncertainty. We investigate how labor market experiences for college graduates have changed over time using data from nine different graduating cohorts of the Graduate Occupational Mobility Survey (GOMS). The results reveal that the proportion of those searching for a job has increased over time, and that even for those who were employed, job quality deteriorated. We also find a growing gap in labor market outcomes by reputation of graduating universities and college major.
Impact of documentary requirements of state subsidy grants on moral hazard

Lowering moral hazard is possible by proper incentives, therefore we examine the elements of the documentary request of the contract and the application of the state aid process. We conclude that the aim using administrative constraints is rather detecting fraud than fighting moral hazard issues. If the documentary requirement would aim treating moral hazard, it would shrink the number of companies eligible for tendering. Due to the second effect of documentary requirements lowering moral hazard is only possible if adequate quality measurers can be defined in form of an incentive for the tendering process and are rigorously controlled in the standstill phase of the development projects.
How to flip the classroom in school students’ mathematics learning: bridging in- and out-of-class activities via innovative strategies

ABSTRACT This article reports on a case study of adopting innovative strategies to bridge in- and out-of-class activities in a flipped classroom to enhance students’ mathematics learning in a technology-rich learning environment on the topic of ‘Points, Angles, Lines and Planes’. A class with 37 students in Grade 9 using English as a medium of instruction participated in this study. The strategies adopted in the flipped classroom were: a 5-D pedagogical framework of the flipped classroom, varied ways of teacher facilitation and interaction with students in and beyond the classroom, and technology use both in and out of class. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected and analysed. The research findings show that the innovative strategies adopted in this study were generally conducive to enhancing students’ mathematics learning in the flipped classroom. The findings contribute to the literature of flipped classroom pedagogical design and practices.
Interval training effects in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator depending on their exercise tolerance level

Introduction: Patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator require physical therapy due to their decreased physical fitness. This is why standardized training has been designed for groups of subjects of varying endurance. Material and methods: Patients with heart failure and implantable cardioverter defibrillator who wished to do interval training program. The program included 55 patients. We divided them into two study groups. The first group had lower exercise tolerance level (3.94 ± 0.72 MET), and the other had higher exercise tolerance level (7.97 ± 1.80 MET). The training group had an 8-week long training program. The patients received treatment at an outpatient clinic three times a week. Patients had cardiac stress tests with modified Bruce protocol before receiving physical therapy and after they have finished the training program. We assessed the metabolic equivalent of task (METS), the duration of exercise, blood pressure, heart rate and BMI. Results: We observed longer duration of cardiac stress test performance and improvement of exercise tolerance. In patients from the group with lower exercise tolerance, the level of exercise tolerance was 3.94 ± 0.72 MET before therapy and rose to 5.93 ± 1.12 MET (p < 0.001) after therapy. In the group of higher exercise tolerance, the level was 7.97 ± 1.80 MET before therapy and rose to 9.32 ± 2.01 MET (p < 0.001) after the training cycle. Conclusions: Participation in 8-week interval training cycle resulted in greater increase of exercise tolerance and exercise time, as well as hemodynamic parameters in patients with lower exercise tolerance.
Cicada (Homoptera: Cicadoidea) type material in the collections of the American Museum of Natural History, California Academy of Sciences, Snow Entomological Museum, Staten Island Institute of Arts and Sciences, and the United States National Museum

This work is a comprehensive listing of the type material of the cicadas found in the collections of the American Museum of Natural History, California Academy of Sciences, Snow Entomological Museum, Staten Island Institute of Arts and Sciences, and the United States National Museum. I have included all type material identified in the collections. The California Academy of Sciences collection contains 4 types, 17 holotypes, 14 lectotypes, 19 allotypes, and 257 paratypes from 64 species in 14 genera. The American Museum of Natural History contains 105 types, 2 holotypes, 8 co-types, 64 allotypes, and 149 paratypes from 136 species in 27 genera. Lectotypes and allotypes for Tibicen linnei and T. lyricen var. engelhardti are designated. In addition, an allotype (one of a pair) of Platypedia putnami var. lutea is designated as a paratype. The Snow Museum has 10 types, 6 allotypes, and 351 paratypes from 35 species in 8 genera in the collection. The Staten Island Institute collection contains 15 types, 8 syntypes, 10 co-types, 5 allotypes, and 1,327 paratypes from 116 species in 24 genera. The U.S. National Museum contains 55 types, 178 co-types, 11 allotypes, and paratypes from 111 species of 36 genera identified. References to the original species descriptions are provided.
New Observations From the SWIM Radar On-Board CFOSAT: Instrument Validation and Ocean Wave Measurement Assessment

This paper describes first results obtained from the SWIM (Surface Waves Investigation and Monitoring) instrument carried by CFOSAT (China France Oceanography Satellite), which was launched on October 29th, 2018. SWIM is a Ku-Band radar with a near-nadir scanning beam geometry. It was designed to measure the spectral properties of surface ocean waves. First, the good behavior of the instrument is illustrated. It is then shown that the nadir products (significant wave height, normalized radar cross-section and wind speed) exhibit an accuracy similar to standard altimeter missions, thanks to a new retracking algorithm, which compensates a lower sampling rate compared to standard altimetry missions. The off-nadir beam observations are analyzed in details. The normalized radar cross-section varies with incidence and wind speed as expected from previous studies presented in the literature. We illustrate that, in order to retrieve the wave spectra from the radar backscattering fluctuations, it is crucial to apply a speckle correction derived from the observations. Directional spectra of ocean waves and their mean parameters are then compared to wave model data at the global scale and to in situ data from a selection of case studies. The good efficiency of SWIM to provide the spectral properties of ocean waves in the wavelength range [70m-500m] is illustrated. The main limitations are discussed, and the perspectives to improve data quality are presented.
Feedback effect of online brand extension: an empirical analysis of newspapers in Taiwan

Legacy media have not managed to recoup lost revenue by pursuing digital opportunities, so the following question is worth addressing: How does the growth of digital audiences affect the brand equity of news parent brands? This study examined the feedback effects of online brands on parent brand loyalty by analyzing a survey (N = 1,199) of four national newspaper readers in Taiwan. The main results demonstrated that online brand loyalty could be transferred to parent brand loyalty, and the relationship was moderated by perceived fit. Moreover, two factors, personal-networked branding and engaging branding, contribute to the success of online brands, whereas on-demand branding might dilute the brand loyalty of an online news brand.
The Seed Bank of a Freshwater Crustacean: Copepodology for the Plant Ecologist

The spatial and temporal aspects of dormancy in a freshwater copepod, Diaptomus sanguineus, were investigated during three consecutive years in Bullhead Pond, Rhode Island. Patterns of diapausing egg production and deposition were monitored with plankton sampling and settling traps. Vertical and horizontal distributions of diapausing eggs in sediments were investigated by taking core samples. Diapausing eggs removed from sediments were tested in the laboratory for hatching ability. The long—term spatial and temporal patterns of emergence from the diapausing egg stage were documented in the field using inverted plastic funnel traps sampled weekly. The field data along with an estimated annual budget for diapausing eggs in the pond suggest that D. sanguineus has an egg bank, analogous to the seed banks of plants, that allows it to survive through harsh environmental periods. See full-text article at JSTOR
Characterization of Euglenaformis gen. nov. and the chloroplast genome of Euglenaformis [Euglena] proxima (Euglenophyta)

Abstract: Euglena proxima is a common, globally dispersed, and easily identified photosynthetic euglenoid. Previous phylogenetic analyses using nuclear-encoded small subunit (SSU) and large subunit (LSU) rRNA genes revealed that this taxon was paraphyletic with other Euglena species and was positioned as sister to all Euglenaceae. Despite this, authors were reluctant to remove this taxon from Euglena until additional data, or taxa pairing with E. proxima, were obtained because it created a monotypic genus. To clarify the taxonomy, the chloroplast genome of E. proxima was sequenced and compared with those of other photosynthetic euglenoids. Phylogenomic analyses were performed comparing 79 chloroplast-encoded genes from E. proxima with those found in seven photosynthetic euglenoids and three prasinophytes, the group from which the euglenoid chloroplast was probably derived. These analyses resulted in highly supported phylogenomic trees with topologies that were consistent with all previous phylogenetic analyses, i.e. they positioned E. proxima as sister to all of the Euglenaceae. In addition, a syntenic comparison was conducted between E. proxima and the chloroplast genomes of two Euglena taxa in order to determine their similarities. This analysis showed that the construction of the E. proxima chloroplast genome was very different from that of the two Euglena chloroplast genomes, which were extremely similar to each other. Based on these data, E. proxima was removed from Euglena, and a new genus, Euglenaformis, was erected to clarify the true relationship of this taxon to the rest of the photosynthetic euglenoids.
Investigating emission sources and transport of aerosols in Siberia using airborne and spaceborne LIDAR measurements

Abstract. Airborne backscatter lidar measurements at 532 nm were carried out over Siberia in July 2013 and June 2017. The Russian Tu-134 flew over major Siberian cities (Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Krasnoyarsk, Yakutsk), the gas flaring fields of the Ob valley and Siberian Taiga in order to sample several kinds of Siberian aerosol sources. Aerosol types are derived using the Lagrangian FLEXible PARTicle dispersion model (FLEXPART) simulations, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) CO total column and AOD at 10 μm. Forest fire detection is based on NASA Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS) from MODIS and the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) observations and airborne in-situ measurements when available. Six aerosol type could be identified in this work: (i) Dusty aerosol mixture (ii) Ob valley industrial emission (iii) fresh boreal forest fire plumes (iv) aged forest fire plumes (v) pollution over the Tomsk/Novosibirsk region (vi) long range transport of Chinese pollution over Yakutsk. The backscatter to extinction ratio and then the corresponding lidar ratio (LR) were derived for each of these 6 identified aerosol type, using an iterative method based on the Fernald forward inversion constrained by the 10 km MODIS collection 6 AOD distribution closed to the airborne lidar observation. The LR analysis showed that the lowest LR range was obtained for the Dusty Mix case (26–40 sr) and the highest for the urban and industrial pollution from the Tomsk/Novosibirsk area (71–90 sr). The comparison is good with previous estimate of LR according to the aerosol classification. The range of lidar ratio obtained for gas flaring emission (43–60 sr) was lower than the high values encountered in the Tomsk/Novosibirk urban area and has never been characterized using lidar observations. Airborne lidar backscatter ratio vertical structure, aerosol types and integrated LR derived from the airborne data analysis were compared to nearby CALIOP overpasses. These comparisons showed three main differences with the CALIOP LR and aerosol type classification over Siberia: (i) CALIOP aerosol layer can be classified as Elevated smoke instead of Polluted continental and vice versa, but with little influence on the LR value (ii) aging and transport of aerosol layers effect on the CALIOP LR value is not always properly accounted for even when the CALIOP classification is correct (iii) the lack of discrimination between fresh and old fire plume leads to an overestimation of the optical depth for the fresh fires in the CALIOP AOD over the fire source region.