Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fingerprinting based Localization of Mobile Terminals. (Localisation de Terminaux Mobiles par Exploitation d'Empreintes)

Depuis plusieurs annees, le positionnement de terminal mobile recoit un interet particulierement grand. Il existe de nombreux algorithmes developpes pour le probleme de localisation MT. Les methodes traditionnelles de localisation geometrique sont concues pour fonctionner sous les conditions de line-of-sight (LoS). Cependant, les conditions LoS pourraient ne pas etre toujours presentes entre la station de base (BS) et le MT. Par consequent, les techniques de localisation basee sur fingerprinting qui sont egalement l’objet de cette these attirent l’attention en raison de leur capacite a travailler aussi en multi trajet et dans des environnements non-line-of-sight (NLoS). Dans cette these, nous introduisons de nouveaux algorithmes de fingerprinting, a savoir l’algorithme de power delay Dopplerprofile- fingerprinting (PDDP-F) qui exploite la mobilite du MT. Le but est d’augmenter la precision de localisation en utilisant la dimension Doppler. Nous etudions egalement les performances de localisation des algorithmes power delay-profile-fingerprinting (PDP-F) et PDDP-F via la derivation des bornes de Cramer-Rao (CRBs). L’impact de la geometrie du reseau est egalement etudie. Un autre sujet nous nous occupons est l’analyse de la probabilite d’erreur par paires (PEP) pour les methodes PDP-F. Le PEP est une notion bien connue dans les communications numeriques, et nous l’importons dans le domaine de la localisation pour deriver la probabilite de prendre une decision en faveur d’une mauvaise position. Le dernier sujet sur lequel nous avons travaille est le suivi adaptatif de l’environ MT en utilisant un filtre de Kalman. Differents modeles de mobilite sont compares en termes de leurs erreurs de prediction de position.
Maximum likelihood forgetting stochastic gradient estimation algorithm for Hammerstein CARARMA systems

This paper considers the identification problem of Hammerstein CARARMA systems, and derives a maximum likelihood stochastic gradient algorithm (ML-SG) by using the maximum likelihood principle and the negative gradient search. Furthermore, a forgetting factor is introduced to improve the convergence rate of the ML-SG algorithm. The simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm are effective.
Comparison of the post-operative analgesic effect of paravertebral block, pectoral nerve block and local infiltration in patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy: A randomised double-blind trial

Background and Aims: Paravertebral block, pectoral nerve (Pecs) block and wound infiltration are three modalities for post-operative analgesia following breast surgery. This study compares the analgesic efficacy of these techniques for post-operative analgesia. Methods: Sixty-five patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists' physical status 1 or 2 undergoing modified radical mastectomy with axillary dissection were recruited for the study. All patients received 21 mL 0.5% bupivacaine with adrenaline in the technique which was performed at the end of the surgery prior to extubation. Patients in Group 1 (local anaesthetic [LA], n = 22) received infiltration at the incision site after surgery, Group 2 patients (paravertebral block [PVB], n = 22) received ultrasound-guided ipsilateral paravertebral block while Group 3 patients [PECT] (n = 21) received ultrasound-guided ipsilateral Pecs blocks I and II. Patients were evaluated for pain scores at 0, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 h, duration of post-operative analgesia and rescue analgesic doses required. Non-normally distributed data were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Analysis of variance for normal distribution. Results: The post-operative visual analogue scale scores were lower in PVB group compared with others at 0, 2, 4, 12 and 24 h (P < 0.05). Mean duration of analgesia was significantly prolonged in PVB group (P < 0.001) with lesser rescue analgesic consumption up to 24 h. Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided paravertebral block reduces post-operative pain scores, prolongs the duration of analgesia and decreases demands for rescue analgesics in the first 24 h of post-operative period compared to ultrasound-guided Pecs block and local infiltration block.
The relationship between education level and mammographic density

To further understand the factors that contribute to interindividual variation in mammographic density, we evaluated the relationship between education level and each component of the mammographic density measures. Study participants included 535 women between 40 and 65 years of age who received a mammogram for a population-based twin and family study. Mammographic density was measured from digital mammograms using a computer-assisted thresholding method. To avoid negative confounding by obesity level, we calculated BMI-adjusted mammographic measures. Thereafter, each of the mammographic density measures was t-transformed using its mean value and SD for each age strata. The level of education was chosen as a marker representing socioeconomic status at the individual level. A linear mixed model considering familial correlations was used for analyses. In the unadjusted analysis for all women, the BMI-adjusted nondense area gradually decreased with an increase in education level (P for trend=0.017). This association persisted after adjusting for menstrual and reproductive factors. When we repeated the analysis according to menopausal status, an inverse association between education level and nondense area was evident in premenopausal women, whereas the inverse association attenuated to a statistically insignificant level after adjusting for menstrual and reproductive factors in postmenopausal women. Absolute dense area and percentage dense area were not associated with education level. The significant association between nondense area and education level after eliminating the effect of age and BMI suggests that socioeconomic factors may have an influential role in determining the amount of fat tissue in the breast.
Cyclin D3 expression in normal, reactive and neoplastic tissues

Cyclin D3 immunohistochemical expression was investigated in normal, reactive, and neoplastic human embryonal and adult tissues. In the fetus, cyclin D3 was expressed in selected developmental phases of a limited number of cell systems. In normal adult tissues, cyclin D3 showed two patterns of distribution: in lymphoid tissues it was expressed in proliferative compartments, while in most other tissues it was expressed by terminally differentiated/quiescent cells. This dual role in proliferation and differentiation was partially conserved in neoplasms. In non‐Hodgkin lymphomas, cyclin D3 immunolabelling was correlated with proliferative activity and progression; a significant exception was seen in cyclin D1‐positive mantle cell lymphomas, which were cyclin D3‐negative. Benign endocrine tumours were frequently strongly cyclin D3‐positive, while high‐grade (small cell) neuroendocrine carcinomas were always negative. In most other epithelial neoplasms, cyclin D3 immunostaining was heterogeneous. In breast carcinomas, no relationship was seen between ER status and MIB1 labelling; cyclins D3 and D1 were frequently expressed in the same tumour, while occasional tumours showed an inverse quantitative relationship between cyclins D1 and D3, and rare tumours were negative for both. In soft tissue neoplasms, cyclin D3 was consistently expressed in some tumours, such as stromal tumours of the gastrointestinal tract and embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas. Our data suggest that cyclin D3 has a dual role in proliferation and differentiation in normal tissues and in some neoplastic conditions; that the cyclin D3 expression pattern is different from cyclin D1, suggesting non‐redundant functions; that cyclin D3 expression is strong in endocrine cells secreting steroid hormones, and in their neoplastic counterparts; and that cyclin D3 deregulation may be of pathogenetic relevance in lymphomagenesis and could be diagnostically useful. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A nationally representative study of maternal obesity in England , UK : trends in incidence and demographic inequalities in 619 323 births , 1989 – 2007

Background: There is an absence of national statistics for maternal obesity in the UK. This study is the first to describe a nationally representative maternal obesity research data set in England. Design: Retrospective epidemiological study of first trimester obesity. Methods: Data from 34 maternity units were analysed, including 619 323 births between 1989 and 2007. Data analysis included trends in first trimester maternal body bass index status over time, and geographical distribution of maternal obesity. Population demographics including maternal age, parity, ethnic group, deprivation and employment were analysed to identify any maternal obesity-associated health inequalities. All demographics were tested for multicollinearity. Logistic regression analyses were adjusted for all demographics as confounders. Results: First trimester maternal obesity is significantly increasing over time, having more than doubled from 7.6% to 15.6% over 19 years (Po0.001), and shows geographic variation in incidence. There are also demographic health inequalities associated with maternal obesity, including increased odds of being obese with increasing age, parity, Black ethnic group and deprivation. There is also an association between morbid obesity and increased levels of unemployment. Conclusions: The increase in maternal obesity has serious implications for the health of mothers, infants and service providers, yielding an additional 47 500 women per year requiring high dependency care in England. The demography of women most at risk of first trimester obesity highlights health inequalities associated with maternal obesity, which urgently needs to be addressed. International Journal of Obesity (2010) 34, 420–428; doi:10.1038/ijo.2009. 250; published online 22 December 2009
Equilibrium Efficiency Improvement in MIMO Interference Systems: A Decentralized Stream Control Approach

We consider a multi-link MIMO interference system in which each link wishes to maximize its own mutual information by choosing its own signal vector, which leads to a multi-player game. We show the existence of a Nash equilibrium and obtain sufficient conditions for the uniqueness of equilibrium. We consider two decentralized link adjustment algorithms called best-response process (a.k.a. iterative water-filling) and gradient-play (an autonomous and non-cooperative version of the well-known gradient ascent algorithm). Under our uniqueness conditions, we establish the convergence of these algorithms to the unique equilibrium provided that the links use some inertia. To improve the efficiency of an equilibrium with respect to the total mutual information by imposing limits on the number of independent data streams, we present a stream control approach using linear transformation of the link covariance matrices. We then show how to decentralize our stream control approach by allowing the links to negotiate the limits on the number of independent data streams that they are willing to impose upon themselves. To achieve this, we introduce a variation of a learning algorithm called "adaptive play" that has desirable convergence properties in potential games with reduced computation.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and outcome after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation

ObjectivePatients after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation have been shown to exhibit elevated plasma concentrations of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) type 1, the main circulating antifibrinolytic protein. It has been suggested that elevations in PAI-1 contribute to cerebral no-reflow after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation. We analyzed whether PAI-1 concentrations might predict cerebral outcome after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. DesignProspective, controlled study. SettingIntensive care unit at a university hospital. PatientsThirty-five patients after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation and 35 control patients who were not critically ill. InterventionsBlood sampling for determination of plasma concentrations of active and total PAI-1 antigen. Measurements and Main Results Plasma concentrations of total and active PAI-1 antigen on the second day after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation were significantly higher in patients after cardiopulmonary resuscitation than in controls (p < .0001) and were unrelated to duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Both active and total PAI-1 antigen were higher in patients who developed acute renal failure after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Patients with an unfavorable cerebral outcome after cardiopulmonary resuscitation had higher total PAI-1 antigen concentrations compared with patients with good outcome after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (p = .026). We identified 180 ng/mL as the best cutoff value for total PAI-1 antigen with respect to cerebral outcome (chi-square 11.8, p = .001). In a logistic regression analysis, only systemic inflammatory response syndrome (p = .028), acute renal failure after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (p = .017), and cardiopulmonary resuscitation duration >15 mins (p = .042) were significantly and independently associated with cerebral outcome after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Total PAI-1 antigen reached only borderline significance (p = .058) but nevertheless slightly improved the correct prediction of cerebral outcome after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. ConclusionsAcute renal failure after cardiopulmonary resuscitation, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation duration are better predictors of cerebral outcome after cardiopulmonary resuscitation than PAI-1 antigen, but determination of total PAI-1 antigen nevertheless might improve the early prediction of cerebral outcome after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Whether elevated PAI-1 concentrations, possibly via prothrombogenic/antifibrinolytic effects, contribute causally to cerebral no-reflow and acute renal failure after cardiopulmonary resuscitation remains to be clarified.
Combining perfluorocarbon and superparamagnetic iron‐oxide cell labeling for improved and expanded applications of cellular MRI

The ability to detect the migration of cells in living organisms is fundamental in understanding biological processes and important for the development of novel cell‐based therapies to treat disease. MRI can be used to detect the migration of cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron‐oxide (SPIO) or perfluorocarbon (PFC) agents. In this study, we explored combining these two cell‐labeling approaches to overcome current limitations and enable new applications for cellular MRI.
The Effective Tax Burden of Companies and on Highly Skilled Manpower: Tax Policy Strategies in a Globalized Economy

Company taxes and taxes on highly skilled labour both influence the attractiveness of a particular region as a location for investment. We measure the effective tax burden on capital investment and on highly qualified labour in 33 locations across Europe and the United States. We then correlate both types of tax burden in order to study the different tax policy strategies applied in different countries. We identify three causes for different strategies: political institutions, preferences for redistribution and equality, and the position in globalisation and growth. Small countries, high growth rates, and federal structure with high tax autonomy stand for countries with lower tax burdens, especially on companies. Large countries, representative democracies with coalitions, and a high preference for redistribution are likely to induce higher tax burdens.
An Implementation of Indoor Visible Light Communication System Using Simulink

The implementation of indoor visible light communication (VLC) systems using a direct current-biased optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DCO-OFDM) scheme is investigated in this paper. The main contribution of this work is to analyze the VLC system using Simulink design. Simulink design uses blocks that are much easy and deliver optimized results for hardware implementation. The system analysis comprises, first the effect of signal scaling and biasing operation on the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) which is a major drawback in OFDM based VLC system. Second the use of the channel estimation for the received signal. Simulation results show that the PAPR is significantly reduced by employing the signal scaling combined with biasing operation. Furthermore, the bit error rate (BER) can be reduced by utilizing channel estimation algorithms such as minimum mean square error (MMSE) and least squares (LS).
Chemotherapy against human African trypanosomiasis: Is there a road to success?

SUMMARY For over fifty years, human African trypanosomiasis (HAT, sleeping sickness) has been treated with suramin, pentamidine and the very toxic organo-arsenical melarsoprol that was the only drug available for effective treatment of the second stage of the disease. Recently there have been significant efforts using molecular and biochemical approaches to drug design, including high-throughput screening, but the number of lead compounds with promising activity against T. brucei spp. and an acceptable toxicity index has remained astonishingly small. Clinical research continues to be difficult due to the economic constraints and the complexity of trials on a low prevalence disease in remote and impoverished African regions. Despite those limitations the situation for the patients is improving thanks to the combination of a number of critical factors. By the late 1990s the disease had reached epidemic levels that triggered political support. WHO would sign a donation agreement with the manufacturers for all drugs to treat HAT. A result of this agreement was that eflornithine which is much safer than melarsoprol became available and widely used by non-governmental organizations. The Impamel I and II programmes demonstrated that against all odds the conduct of clinical trials on HAT was feasible. This allowed the initiation of trials on combination therapies which eventually resulted in the nifurtimox-eflornithine combination treatment (NECT). This combination is currently being introduced as first line treatment, and there is even the prospect of having a new compound, fexinidazole, in the development pipeline. This review summarizes the key information about the existing drugs and gives a comprehensive summary about the recent and currently ongoing efforts towards new drugs.
MIMO propagation channel characteristics in tunnels

This paper deals with MIMO channels modeling in tunnels. A full 3D ray-tracing based simulator is used to simulate the MIMO channel in a 1-track tunnel for various antennas configurations at the transmitter and at the receiver. A parametric study is described. The main purpose consists in determining correlation based MIMO channel statistical models and evaluating their performances in an empty tunnel. Channel models obtained with the Kronecker and the Weichselberger models are compared in terms of envelope of the matrix coefficients distribution and mean channel capacity. The best configurations which model correctly the channel while maximizing its capacity will be given.
Sphingosine 1‐Phosphate Activates Erk‐1/‐2 by Transactivating Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Rat‐2 Cells

We investigated a signaling pathway leading to activation of extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase (Erk) 1 and 2 in Rat‐2 cells stimulated with sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P). S1P treatment transiently activated Erk‐1/‐2 in a dose‐dependent manner, and its activation was blocked by pertussis toxin, expression of RasN17, or inhibition of Raf or MEK‐1/‐2. S1P‐induced activation of Erk‐1/‐2 was also suppressed by the inhibition of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor tyrosine kinase with the specific inhibitor AG1478, suggesting that activation of EGF receptor tyrosine kinase was involved in the signaling pathway. S1P‐induced Erk‐1/‐2 activation was enhanced up to 2‐fold by inhibiting protein kinase C (PKC) with GF109203X, and PKC inhibition in the absence of S1P treatment also activated Erk‐1/‐2. The stimulatory effects of Erk‐1/‐2 activation by PKC inhibition was blocked by treating cells with AG1478, suggesting the involvement of PKC in the regulation of EGF receptor tyrosine kinase activation that leads to Erk‐1/‐2 activation. Together, these results suggest that S1P activates the EGF receptor through a PKC‐dependent pathway that links Ras signaling to the activation of Erk‐1/‐2 in Rat‐2 cells.
Value Perception of Consumers towards Luxury Apparels and Accessories: A Study in Delhi/NCR Region

There is a tremendous growth of luxury products in India, but there are limited studies conducted to understand the value perception of the consumers towards the luxury brands. Therefore, this study aims to understand how the value perception of the present day consumer leads to the consumption of the luxury brands specially apparels and accessories. The present research adds on to the existing knowledge base of the value perception towards luxury by explaining the factors responsible for the value perception formation of the Indian consumers in general and Delhi/NCR to be specific.The study is exploratory in nature followed by descriptive in nature. Extensive literature review helped to recognize the various scale items of value perception. A wellstructured questionnaire was developed using these identified scale items and the data was collected from the high end luxury apparels and accessories malls in Delhi/NCR. In order to understand the value perception of the consumers towards the luxury apparels and accessories the data was empirically examined using the Factor Analysis and the results were registered followed by managerial implications and conclusions. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 09-05-2018 Date of acceptance: 24-05-2018 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Being PostKeynesian in the Medium Term and Classical- Marxian in the Long Term?

This note questions the relevance of the postKeynesian perspective as a theory of long-term positions when the notion of “long term” is taken in a sense conform to the ClassicalMarxian perspective. A framework is put forward in which the postKeynesian model is described as the possible theory of a medium term. The existing confusion surrounding these issues obscures the discussion between economists belonging to either one perspective.