Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Joint Production Games with Mixed Sharing Rules

We study Nash equilibria of joint production games under a mixed output sharing rule in which part of the output (the mixing parameter) is shared in proportion to inputs and the rest according to exogenously determined shares. This rule includes proportional sharing and equal sharing as special cases. We show that this game has a unique equilibrium and discuss comparative statics. When the game is large, players unanimously prefer the same value of the mixing parameter: the equilibrium value of the elasticity of production. For this value, equilibrium input and output are fully efficient. Our approach exploits the fact that payoffs in the joint production game are a function only of a player's input and the aggregate input and has indepen-dent interest as it readily extends to other "aggregative games".
Differentiating cognitive and affective job insecurity: Antecedents and outcomes

Summary To test a proposed model of the job insecurity (JI) process that treats cognitive JI and affective JI as separate constructs, this study investigates organizational-level employee involvement and communication practices that influence the level of cognitive JI; increasing levels of cognitive JI in turn can create an affective reaction (i.e., affective JI). This affective reaction then influences individual psychological and behavioral outcomes. With two waves of data from three large Chinese organizations, the model test results show that employee involvement decreases cognitive JI perceptions. This reduction then leads to lower affective JI. Affective JI in turn relates negatively to employee psychological well-being but positively to both supervisor-rated job performance and affective JI six months later. The effect of cognitive JI on employee outcomes is partially through affective JI. Cognitive JI has a direct impact on psychological well-being but not on job performance. These findings offer key theoretical and practical implications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gepner type stability conditions on graded matrix factorizations

We introduce the notion of Gepner type Bridgeland stability conditions on triangulated categories, which depends on a choice of an autoequivalence and a complex number. We conjecture the existence of Gepner type stability conditions on the triangulated categories of graded matrix factorizations of weighted homogeneous polynomials. Such a stability condition may give a natural stability condition for Landau-Ginzburg B-branes, and correspond to the Gepner point of the stringy Kahler moduli space of a quintic 3-fold. The main result is to show our conjecture when the variety defined by the weighted homogeneous polynomial is a complete intersection of hyperplanes in a Calabi-Yau manifold with dimension less than or equal to two.
SEASONAL CHANGES IN THE SURVIVAL OF THE BLACK-CAPPED CHICKADEE

This study attempts to answer the following general question: What prevents continual increase in a population whose environment is apparently favorable? In such an environment, production (and immigration) must exceed losses (including emigration). If under these circumstances the population does not increase, then “surplus” birds must be present at some time during the annual cycle. In species in which all birds present in the spring do breed, any mechanism of population control must act to remove these surplus birds. The Black-capped Chickadee (Parus at~icapillus) seemed well suited for a study of this kind. It nests in holes (and boxes) and comes readily to feeding stations, where it can be trapped. It has a fairly large clutch size (Peterson, 1961, gives a range of 4 to 9 eggs). It reaches maturity and breeds in the first year after hatching. Like many other members of the genus Parus, it is strongly territorial during the breeding season, but spends the rest of the year in flocks, thus exhibiting two distinct seasonal modes of behavior toward other members of the same species. In Vancouver, British Columbia, where this study was conducted, it is a nonmigratory resident. It is likely that in any environment the survival rate will not be constant; i.e., there will be certain periods in the year when sudden decreases in numbers occur. The object of this study was to find out when these decreases occurred, and to attempt to discover their causes.
Morphological Analysis of the Glorious Qur'an: A Comparative Survey of Three Corpora

Some attempts have been made in the academic community to carry out an automatic morphological analysis of the Qur'anic text. Among the well-known endeavors in this regard is the morphological annotation of the Quranic Arabic Corpus (QAC) which was carried out in Leeds University, UK. In addition, researchers in the University of Haifa had previously implemented a computational system for the morphological analysis of the Qur'an. More recently, a new Quranic corpus has been built in Mohammed I University in Morocco. To the best of our knowledge, these are the only three studies to produce a morphologically analyzed part-of-speech tagged Qur'an encoded as a structured linguistic database. This paper surveys the morphological analysis in the above-mentioned annotation projects and compares between them to test the quality of their analysis using five criteria related to display of the text in the corpus, word segmentation, morphological disambiguation, part of speech (POS) tag set and manual verification. The paper concludes that the QAC of Leeds and the Quranic corpus of Morocco surpass the Quranic corpus of Haifa with regard to most of these criteria. Furthermore, some additional POS tags for derivative nouns are suggested in a step to reach a more fine-grained tag set that could be proposed for POS tagging of Qur'anic Arabic.
Monetary Shocks Under Incomplete Markets

This paper provides a systematic quantification of the short-run effects of monetary policy shocks under incomplete markets. Our framework of analysis is the benchmark flexible-price neoclassical growth model with infinitely-lived and ex ante identical individuals, which we augment with i. uninsurable idiosyncratic labor income shocks; ii. a liquidity motive for holding real money balances (via a money-in-the-utility specification); and iii. aggregate shocks to the rate of money growth. We calibrate the model so as to match the historical inflation process as well as the broad features of the cross-sectional distributions of monetary and nonmonetary assets in the US economy. Our main finding is that, even though market incompleteness has a moderate impact on the response of aggregates to the shocks (relative to the complete-market case), this results from composition effects that mask a great deal of cross household redistribution and heterogeneities in individual portfolio adjustments.
Estimating global natural wetland methane emissions using process modelling: spatio-temporal patterns and contributions to atmospheric methane fluctuations

Aim The fluctuations of atmospheric methane (CH4) that have occurred in recent decades are not fully understood, particularly with regard to the contribution from wetlands. The application of spatially explicit parameters has been suggested as an effective method for reducing uncertainties in bottom-up approaches to wetland CH4 emissions, but has not been included in recent studies. Our goal was to estimate spatio-temporal patterns of global wetland CH4 emissions using a process model and then to identify the contribution of wetland emissions to atmospheric CH4 fluctuations. Location Global. Methods A process-based model integrated with full descriptions of methanogenesis (TRIPLEX-GHG) was used to simulate global wetland CH4 emissions. Results Global annual wetland CH4 emissions ranged from 209 to 245 Tg CH4 year−1 between 1901 and 2012, with peaks occurring in 1991 and 2012. There is a decreasing trend between 1990 and 2010 with a rate of approximately 0.48 Tg CH4 year−1, which was largely caused by emissions from tropical wetlands showing a decreasing trend of 0.44 Tg CH4 year−1 since the 1970s. Emissions from tropical, temperate and high-latitude wetlands comprised 59, 26 and 15% of global emissions, respectively. Main conclusion Global wetland CH4 emissions, the interannual variability of which was primary controlled by tropical wetlands, partially drive the atmospheric CH4 burden. The stable to decreasing trend in wetland CH4 emissions, a result of a balance of emissions from tropical and extratropical wetlands, was a particular factor in slowing the atmospheric CH4 growth rate during the 1990s. The rapid decrease in tropical wetland CH4 emissions that began in 2000 was supposed to offset the increase in anthropogenic emissions and resulted in a relatively stable level of atmospheric CH4 from 2000 to 2006. Increasing wetland CH4 emissions, particularly after 2010, should be an important contributor to the growth in atmospheric CH4 seen since 2007.
Photosynthetic Characteristics of Potato Cultivars Grown under High Temperature

High temperature stress profoundly influences the growth and development as well as plant metabolic processes of potato in tropic and sub-tropic regions. A field study was conducted with two potato cultivars viz. Kufri Chipsona-3 (temperature sensitive) and Kufri Surya (temperature tolerant) to investigate the effect of high temperature on their rate of photosynthesis, photosynthetic pigments and stomatal conductance at tuber initiation and bulking stages. The experiment was performed using a randomized complete design under factorial arrangement with three replications and the plants were grown under five temperature environments i.e. 1. Control (E1) 2. Mid early planting (E2) 3. Early planting (E3) 4. Late planting (E4) and 5 by planting inside polyhouse tunnel (E5). The results revealed that rate of photosynthesis decreased in both the cultivars under high temperature and magnitude of reduction was similar under all the treatments. Similarly, stomatal conductance decreased due to high temperature in both the cultivars and maximum reduction was observed under E4 and E5 environments. Total chlorophyll and carotenoids also decreased but Chlorophyll a: b ratio increased under higher temperature. The study concludes that rising temperature in changing climate will affect the rate of photosynthesis and photosynthetic pigments in potato cultivars grown under northern parts of India, but the magnitude of reduction will vary among different cultivars.
Iodine sequestration by thiol-modified MIL-53(Al)

A thiol-modified version of the porous metal organic framework MIL-53 is synthesised in a single step using the functionalised linker precursor 2,5-dithiol-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid and aluminium as the framework metal. Careful washing is needed to remove unreacted and dimerised linker from the material after synthesis, but once performed profile fitting of powder X-ray diffraction shows that thiol-modified MIL-53(Al) presents a closed, narrow-pore, structure with unit cell volume ∼1103 A3 (space group C2/c). The presence of intact thiol groups is confirmed using sulfur K-edge XANES spectroscopy and IR spectroscopy, while nitrogen BET surface area analysis and krypton and xenon adsorption isotherms reveal the porosity of the material. The thiol-modified solid is capable of iodine adsorption from the vapour phase and from solution and an equilibrium uptake of ∼325 mg per g is reached, which is higher than other reported modified forms of MIL-53. Infrared spectroscopy shows the disappearance of the S–H stretch after iodine adsorption, while sulfur K-edge XANES shows a complex spectrum, consistent with the formation of sulfenyl iodide but also oxidation of some sulfur to disulfide having occurred. We therefore propose that formation of covalent S–I bonds allows the sequestration of iodine by the porous solid, but that a proportion of the thiol groups are also in close enough proximity for the formation of disulfide links.
Relationship between demographics and diet specificity of Imperial Eagles Aquila heliaca in Kazakhstan

The demographic consequences of within-population variability in predator foraging are not well understood. We assessed the relationship between the degree of diet specialization and two demographic parameters, population density and reproductive output, within a single population of Imperial Eagles Aquila heliaca at a nature reserve in north-central Kazakhstan. Nearest-neighbour distances between eagle nests throughout the reserve, and thus population density, were correlated with the degree to which diets were specialized. Diet diversity showed an extensive regional variability that was linked to prey distributions, but withinyear analyses of reproductive output did not show similar linkages. However, multi-year analyses of breeding performance showed inter-regional differences in nesting success that were paralleled, and probably driven by, similar trends in diet diversity. In contrast, brood size at fledging was not linked to diet diversity and was more probably driven by reservewide influences such as weather. Finally, the decision to initiate breeding was associated neither with diet diversity nor with environmental variability. Our results indicate that the degree of dietary specialization is linked to the demographics of Imperial Eagle populations. For these and other raptor populations, it is possible that management could be used separately to increase or decrease nesting success, brood size at fledging, and the likelihood that a pair will initiate breeding.
Innovative injection-based 100% stator earth-fault protection

Injection-based 100% stator earth-fault protection has been used for many years. However traditionally signals with frequency between 10Hz and 25Hz have been injected into the stator winding. To inject such a signal, either a dedicated grounding transformer with secondary grounding resistor or injection on primary side of the grounding circuit, is normally used. This paper will present a novel approach to such protection. Injection signal with frequency slightly higher than the power system rated frequency is used (e.g. 87Hz signal in a 50Hz power system). Such signal frequency enables the following advantages for new injection-based protection: 1. Injection is always performed on secondary side of a transformer. This transformer can be either a grounding transformer or a voltage transformer. Thus no change to the primary grounding circuit of the machine (e.g. splitting of the primary resistor in the star point) is required. 2. Injection via neutral point VT or even via open delta VT located at the generator terminals is possible. This ensures readily available injection point for almost any unit-connected generator. 3. Injection via a VT enables this protection to be applied to ungrounded or inductance/resonance grounded stator windings. 4. Because of the higher injection frequency the injection unit and the injection transformer are relatively small. (6 pages)
The impact of the Law on Strengthening the Security of Financial Relations on the value relevance of accounting information in Tunisian Stock Exchange

This paper empirically investigates the value relevance of accounting earnings measures in the emerging capital market of Tunisia. The issue is tested by estimating the regression of annual security returns on different earnings measures extracted from income statements. In Tunisia, firms prepare their financial statements in accordance with Tunisian Accounting Standards (TAS) which are inspired from International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Based on a sample of 389 firm years for firms listed on the Tunis Stock Exchange (TSE) during the period 1997-2008 and using pooled regressions, we find that accounting earnings measures are weakly related to security returns. However, we find that earnings before taxes has the higher explanatory power for stock returns. This is perhaps due to the fact that financial statements are often influenced by taxation rules (ROSC, 2006; section 42). Further, we find that cash flow from operations and Total accruals are not value relevant for valuation. We tested whether the value relevance of each measure of performance improved after the adoption in October 2005 of the Law on Strengthening the Security of Financial Relations (LSSFR). Consistent with prior US and other international findings, results show that the explanatory power and the magnitude of the slope coefficient of each measure increased when we take into account for the impact of this enactment. However, the increase is not statistically significant. This is perhaps due to the employed specification of the relation between security returns and accounting information.
Probiotics in animal production: A review

Probiotics have been recently defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization/ World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) as live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. A good probiotic should be non-pathogenic, non-toxic and capable of exerting beneficial effect on the host animal. It should be present as viable cells and capable of surviving and metabolizing in the gut environment. It should also be stable and capable of remaining viable for periods under storage and field conditions. Probiotics have been shown to promote growth, improve efficiency of feed utilization, protect host from intestinal infection and stimulate immune responses in farm animals. In laying chicken, probiotics increased hen-gay egg production. Weight gain performance was significantly increased in broilers and turkeys. In ruminants, probiotics also improved growth rate. Increased weight gain and higher efficiency of feed utilization were the results of the trials in pigs. Mortalities especially due to diarrhoea were reduced in pigs. The beneficial effects of probiotics in animal production have been related to different modes of action. The improvements in productive performance of all animal species fed with probiotics were mostly due to the fact that probiotics promoted the metabolic processes of digestion and nutrient utilization.
Patches in sketches: Which type of sketch is more valuable for the end-user in the early phase of new product development

Involving end-users early in the process of New Product Development (NPD) has proven leading positive effects on further developments of the design and success of new products. In the early stages of NPD designers often use sketches to communicate their ideas, to get feedback to iterate and develop the design. While the relevance and value of sketching as part of the design process and the usability to communicate ideas more effectively have been investigated, little research has been conducted looking at the elements that support effective means of generating insights from end-users. Sketches are often used according to the appropriate purpose and context of the situation, different types of sketches can be used to convey their idea. It is important to understand what elements of the different types of sketches are that generate most valuable feedback from the user involved in the development process. Presenting end-users 5 types of frequently used sketches showed that the information sketch was most favorable, followed by the scenario sketch. The use of color, explanatory elements and context of the product were important factors for the preference of these types of sketches.
Can EFL texbooks help to promote processing efficiency in reading comprehension ?

Aiming at investigating whether and how the reading activities proposed in the textbook Way to Go! (2013) promote processing efficiency, the theoretical constructs proposed in the work of Gagné, C. Yekovich and F. Yekovich (1993) and of Daneman and Carpenter (1980) were used as a basis for the present study. Results show that the analyzed textbook aids the reader in anticipating vocabulary difficulties, therefore, suggesting that the activities seem to foster the sub-processes of decoding and lexical access. Inferential comprehension is promoted through the integration of information in activities that engage the reader in establishing a relationship between prior knowledge of the reading topic and of concepts involved and textual information. However, guidance on the use of strategies and on comprehension monitoring are not exploited separately in the analyzed units.
The Development of Educational Augmented Reality Application: A Practical Approach

Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are technologies that are very attractive to the learners since they offer new experiences when learning about the real world. Those technologies can be easily incorporated in the classroom when used with mobile devices that learners already possess. In this paper, we explore advantages and disadvantages of using virtual and augmented reality applications in educational settings. We also analyze pedagogical approaches that underpin the development of AR applications used in education. The main goal is to present a practical approach to the development of AR applications aimed at the secondary or primary level students. The paper describes the process of developing AR application content with the tool Aurasma Studio. We believe that experiences and lessons learned presented in this paper could help the teachers to plan, design and develop AR applications without spending too much time on the whole development process.
The Role of Natural Resources in the Livelihoods of the Urban Poor

This publication is based on briefing material commissioned for the European Union (EU). The EU briefing papers have sub-Saharan Africa as their primary focus, though case study material may also be drawn from Caribbean and Pacific country experience. The information they contain is based principally on a review of secondary data and documentation, although some specific aspects have been explored through short, focused field studies. The publication is divided into three sections: this introductory section provides an overview of urbanization in developing regions, and introduces key issues of migration, employment, the areas of interface with the agriculture and the rural economy, and the nature of urban poverty; the second section focuses on the details of how poor people in urban areas use natural resources, and how natural resources affect their livelihoods and well-being; and the last section builds on the analysis of the nature of urban poverty, and its interaction with natural resources, to propose appropriate pro-poor policies and direct intervention, taking into account the importance of natural resources to the urban poor.