Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding Health Disparities Across Education Groups

Better-educated people are healthier, but the magnitude of the relationship between health and education varies substantially across groups and over time. We undertake a theoretical and empirical study of how health disparities by education vary over time and across the population, according to underlying health characteristics and market forces. One surprising implication of the theory we develop is that health disparities actually increase as the price of health inputs falls. Therefore, government subsidies for health care research or even universal health insurance may worsen health inequality. Moreover, technological progress in health care will tend to raise inequality over time. The theory also implies that health disparities will be larger for sicker, older and more vulnerable groups. The first prediction is consistent with significant expansions in health disparities over the last thirty years in the US. The second is consistent with observed patterns in the National Health Interview Survey, the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey, and the Framingham Heart Study. The returns to schooling are twice as high for the chronically ill and for those out of the labor force, and they tend to rise with age.
Évaluation de la nécessité d'un bilan biologique exhaustif sur la prise en charge de la gastro-entérite aiguë virale de l'enfant nécessitant une réhydratation intra-veineuse

INTRODUCTION : Face a une gastroenterite aigue (GEA) virale de l'enfant necessitant une rehydratation intraveineuse, les bilans biologiques prescrits aux urgences pediatriques sont souvent exhaustifs et tres variables d'un patient a l'autre. Le but de notre etude etait d'evaluer s'il existe un interet pour la prise en charge therapeutique a doser d'autres elements que la natremie, kaliemie, uree, reserve alcaline et glycemie. METHODE : Etude prospective aux urgences pediatriques de Bordeaux, des enfants de 1 mois a 15 ans atteints d'une GEA virale, ayant beneficie d'un bilan biologique, et ayant recu une rehydratation intraveineuse. Les medecins remplissaient un questionnaire indiquant les criteres biologiques ayant motive une modification de la perfusion, de l'orientation et du bilan biologique de controle. RESULTATS : Nous avons inclut 98 enfants. Il y eu 19 modifications de perfusions, dont 18 consecutives a une natremie et/ou une kaliemie pathologique, et 1 consecutive a une CRP elevee. Le questionnaire n'a pas permis de savoir si un resultat biologique pathologique influencait sur l'orientation du patient. La modification des apports potassiques et une creatininemie pathologique semblaient etre responsables d'un controle biologique. La glycemie n'avait aucun impact, cependant la perfusion contenait systematiquement du glucose. CONCLUSION: La natremie, la kaliemie, et la reserve alcaline sont toujours necessaires a la prise en charge, ainsi que la glycemie en l'absence de supplementation initiale. Le doute persiste sur l'interet de la creatininemie et la CRP. Les autres elements biologiques ne semblent avoir qu'un interet limite.
Impa Studi & Ricerche_200 ok

MARMOMACCHINE CLASSIC 002 e crescenti esigenze di identificazione e rintracciabilità (ISO 9000) trovano spesso una soluzione nella marcatura di codici sui prodotti o sugli imballaggi. Tra i metodi più noti ricordiamo i data matrix, i codici a barre e i codici alfanumerici. Mentre i primi due tipi, che vengono solitamente stampati su confezionamenti e imballaggi, prevedono metodi standardizzati per la lettura, la variabilità dei codici alfanumerici pone problemi dovuti ad esempio ai diversi tipi di carattere (font), senza parlare del gran numero di cifre, lettere, simboli, accenti e segni di interpunzione presenti nelle varie lingue. Le diverse tecnologie di marcatura pongono poi ulteriori difficoltà dovute ad esempio al contrasto del tratto rispetto allo sfondo (si pensi ad esempio allo stencil fatto con vernici su container) o ai problemi dovuti alla irregolarità del tratto (si consideri il caso di caratteri micropunzonati o la stampa ad aghi). In questo articolo, suddiviso in due parti (di cui la seconda rowing demands for identification and traceability (ISO 9000) often find a solution in marking codes on products or packages. Among the best-known methods we cite data matrix, barcodes and alphanumerical codes. While the first two types, usually printed on packages and packing, use standard scanning methods, the variability of alphanumerical codes poses problems due, for example, to different types of lettering (fonts), not to mention the great number of ciphers, letters, symbols, accents and punctuation signs present in various languages. And different marking technologies create further difficulties due, for instance, to contrast between the marking and the background (one example is stenciling done with paint on containers) or to problems caused by uneven marking (such as micro-punched letters or dot matrix printing). This article, divided into two parts (the second of which will be published in the next issue of the magazine), is Michele Lanzetta, Federica Fanti, Giovanni Tantussi*
1 Report on Drilling , Sampling , and Imaging the Depths of the Critical Zone , an NSF Workshop

Executive Summary. This report summarizes outcomes of an NSF-supported workshop, entitled Drilling, Sampling, and Imaging the Depths of the Critical Zone, which was conducted on October 24–26, 2013, in the days preceding the annual meeting of the Geological Society of America, in Denver Colorado. The workshop hosted 49 participants from 35 institutions scattered over 2 continents. Participants represented diverse disciplines, including geophysics, geochemistry, geomorphology, soil science, hydrology, and drilling technologies. Participants were also diverse in career level, ranging from second-year graduate students to directors of national and international facilities and programs. Over the course of two days of presentations, breakout groups, and plenary discussions, the following 10 outcomes, recommendations, and conclusions were reached: (1) There is strong interest and sense of excitement around advancing deep critical zone (CZ) research through a program of drilling, sampling, and geophysical imaging; (2) The CZ research community has now embarked on a long-term effort to unveil the deep critical zone at a scale appropriate to enhanced understanding of processes vital to the evolution of the CZ and to the prediction of CZ response to change in the future; (3) Shallow drilling and geophysical imaging projects do not have a funding source of their own, yet there is a need expressed across the community, including multiple disciplines, to support both drilling and geophysical studies of the deep CZ; (4) Overcoming limitations imposed by disciplinary silos will require new connections between CZ scientists, near-surface geophysicists, and experts in drilling technologies (some promising connections were made at the workshop); (5) Funding mechanisms must accept that proposals to study the CZ could (and often should) have strong geophysics and drilling components; funding of such work could alternatively be structured around a service model (similar to NCALM for LiDAR imaging) over the long-term; (6) Drilling and geophysics need to go hand in hand to capitalize on potentially powerful synergies and to understand the great compositional and spatial variability of the CZO; (7) The observations that are made using drilling and geophysical imaging should be driven from a hypothesis-testing framework; (8) The CZOs have already made many of the measurements needed to simultaneously test and demonstrate the value of geophysics and drilling with abundant existing data to fuel hypotheses; (9) A program of crossdisciplinary education is recommended to grow a new breed of CZ scientists who are educated in deep CZ investigation methods including drilling and geophysics; a good way to start may be to follow the REU model already established at NSF; (10) A panel of experts should be formed to serve in an advisory role for the growing community of scientists interested in deep CZ research using drilling and geophysical imaging.
Cannulation and microinjection stereotaxic surgeries in the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster)

Prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) are small Avicoline rodents native to central and mid-west United States and south-central provinces of Canada (Cassola, 2016). Prairie voles are a uniquely notable species because (1) a rich literature on their natural history and behavioral ecology exists (Fitch 1957; Getz and Hofmann 1986; Getz and Carter 1980), (2) prairie voles adapt extremely well to laboratory environments (Carter et al. 1986), (3) scientists can leverage many of the tools developed in other more classic rodent models due to the prairie vole’s phylogenetic relationship to them (Donaldson and Young 2008; McGraw and Young 2010), and (4) they share some relatively rare but defining behaviors with humans (i.e., communal living, social monogamy, and biparental care)(Lukas and Clutton-Brock 2012; Kleiman 1977; Carter 1998; Dewsbury 1981). Indeed, prairie voles and several congener species (including meadow voles [M. pennsylvanicus], pine/ woodland voles [M. pinetorium], montane voles [M. montanus], and Mandarin voles [M. mandarinus – sometimes called Lasipodomys mandarinus]) represent a tremendous opportunity to understand the evolution and expression of social behavior (McGraw and Young 2010; Insel and Shapiro 1992; Gewirtz and Yong-Kyu 2016), and are well suited to serve as models for several aspects of human social behavior and dysfunction (Carter 2007; Young 2001; Young et al. 2002; Carter 2005; Beery and Kaufer 2015).
CBMA: Coded-Backscatter Multiple Access

The ever-increasing number of IoT devices in our surrounding environment bring us tremendous amount of opportunities but also challenges including limited battery life, low computational capability and scalability of multiple access. Recent advances in backscatter communication have enabled ubiquitous IoT devices to communicate in a cost-and power-efficient way. However, most of the proposed backscatter solutions nowadays focus on the single tag paradigm, i.e., multiple tags do not transmit simultaneously and thus the solutions have difficulties to scale with a large number of tags. This work presents CBMA, a backscatter system that enables multiple concurrent backscatter tags to communicate reliably and efficiently. For the first time, we demonstrate that multiple tags can backscatter concurrently and efficiently with novel impedance-based power control at the tag, and can be successfully decoded with commodity WiFi devices without affecting the existing WiFi communication. We present the design details of CBMA and build a prototype with off-the-shelf WiFi devices and FPGA. The CBMA system achieves a 10-tag bit rate of 8Mbps while supporting a communication distance up to 10m. Compared to single-tag solutions, CBMA improves the backscatter throughput by more than 10× even in challenging indoor scenarios with rich multipath and interference.
Etiological Approach of Cholelithiasis in the Beni Mellal-Khenifra Area in Morocco

Aims: The prevalence of cholelithiasis is unknown in the Beni Mellal-Khénifraarea in Morocco. This research works aims to achieve an approach to the multiple factors influencing the presence of cholelithiasis in the Beni Mellal-Khénifra area. Sampling and Methods: The present study has been carried out during the year 2018 on 226 patients at the Beni Mellal Regional Hospital in Morocco. Observations by polarizing light optical microscopy have been performed on gallstones in order to have selective samples for the constitutional analysis. After having been dried during 24 hours at room temperature these gallstones underwent morphological analysis. A Classification by the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method has been applied to individuals that are gallstones samples and 8 variables that are: ''age''; ''gender''; ''water quality''; "daily water intake"; "Socio-economic background" and "personal and family history"; ''gallstone type''; "cholecystitis type". Results: During a four months study, 226 gallstones have been collected from 226 patients of the Beni Mellal regional hospital in Morocco. From each patient we have chosen one gallstone that relatively represents the eventual other gallstone from his gallbladder. The analysis of the results showed a clear female predominance, 198 women of the total collected gallstones with a 87.6% frequency, compared to the case of men(12.4% frequency). Such a result corresponds to7 as a (woman/man) gender ratio. From the obtained results by the Principal Component Analysis method, we note that there are correlations, positive or negative, between some factors that may influence the presence of the cholelithiasis. Conclusions: The present work confirms that cholelithiasis in the Moroccan Beni Mellal-Khénifra area is also predominantly female. In addition, the study confirms that cholelithiasis is multifactorial since diverse factors may influence the presence of this disease.
Vegetation cover and elevation drive diversity and composition of ant communities ( Hymenoptera : Formicidae ) in a Mediterranean ecosystem

Identifying the environmental parameters governing patterns of biodiversity and community composition is particularly important for planning conservation schemes and pre icting response of communities to global change. T o highlight the parameters most relevant for explaining pattern s in ant assemblages at a local scale, we described ant communities in 95 plots distributed along environmental gradien ts on a mountain in the Mediterranean region of sou thern France. Among the six environmental parameters considered ( slope, exposition, elevation, tree basal area, tree sp cies diversity, and the dominant tree species), tree basal area (a good proxy for tree cover) and elevation had by far the strongest influence on ant species richness, diversity, and c ommunity composition. Ant richness and diversity de creased with increasing tree cover and elevation. Tree cover had a stronger effect than elevation, corroborating th e longstanding hypothesis that radiant energy that heats foraging substrates might be more relevant to ants than aver age temperature. Deciphering local processes that structure communit ies contributes to a better understanding of global patterns.
Effect of Weaning Age of Dairy Calves Fed a Conventional or More Optimum Milk Replacer Program

ABSTRACT Comparisons of different weaning ages of calves fed high-protein, high-feeding-rate milk replacer (MR) programs have not been reported in the literature. Thus, the objectives of these trials were to compare the performance of calves fed either a conventional MR [0.454 kg of a 22% CP, 20% fat (as fed) MR powder daily; MR A] or a more optimum MR [0.681 kg of a 26% CP, 17% fat (as fed) MR powder daily; MR B] and weaning them at either 28 or 42 d. Trial 1 evaluated the weaning age of calves fed MR A or B. Trial 2 compared the weaning age of calves fed MR B. Holstein calves were fed an 18% CP starter and fresh water ad libitum throughout the 56-d trials. In trial 1, calves fed MR B had 50% greater ADG, consumed 24% more starter, were 13% more efficient, and had 68% more hip width change than calves fed MR A (P
Dravet syndrome associated with cortical dysplasia of Taylor-type

Abstract Severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy or Dravet syndrome is a catastrophic epilepsy of genetic origin that begins with febrile seizures in the first year of life and evolves to intractable epilepsy with cognitive decline and frequent episodes of status epilepticus. While multiple treatment strategies are employed, rarely are patients with Dravet syndrome considered for resective epilepsy surgery. We report a case of Dravet syndrome in which palliative resection of epileptogenic foci revealed cortical dysplasia of Taylor-type. We discuss the association of cortical dysplasia with Dravet syndrome and consider the utility of palliative surgical therapy in a genetically based epilepsy syndrome.
Endometriosis e infertilidad

Objetivo: revisar la literatura sobre endometriosis en cuanto se relaciona con la infertilidad. Metodología: búsqueda en PubMed / Medline, Hinari y Cochrane con los términos Infertilidad, Endometriosis, Endometrioma, Laparoscopia y Cistectomía. Se seleccionaron investigaciones originales, artículos de revisión y meta-análisis, en inglés, francés y español, publicados entre enero de 2000 y diciembre de 2010. Se eligieron los que evaluaban la fisiopatología, etiología, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la endometriosis en relación con la infertilidad. Resultados: la endometriosis es responsable hasta del 15% de los casos de infertilidad femenina. Los mecanismos comprobados son: obstrucción tubárica, adherencias y endometriomas. La sobreproducción de prostaglandinas y citocinas podría afectar la función del ovario, las trompas y el endometrio. En los estadios I y II es superior el tratamiento quirúrgico frente al farmacológico; este último comprende tres ciclos de clomifeno más inseminación intrauterina (IIU); de no lograrse el embarazo, se debe proceder a administrar gonadotropinas más IIU y por último a la fertilización in vitro (FIV). Conclusiones: la endometriosis afecta la fertilidad por mecanismos comprobados pero puede haber otros aún no bien esclarecidos. Se deben tener en cuenta los avances recientes para ofrecer el mejor tratamiento posible.
Overview of Applications of Passive Testing Techniques *

We present here the overview of recent research on passive testing methods and tools, which covers 104 manually selected papers most relevant to this topic. The papers were classiﬁed according to their approaches, methods, and application areas. Each class is summarized in a separate section. Besides, statistics is provided for the publication time, authorship and most popular topics.
Soft tissue sarcomas in the pharyngeal region of a 5‐year‐old Quarter Horse mare

Summary This case report describes the identification of multiple soft tissue sarcomas in the pharyngeal region of a 5-year-old Quarter Horse mare. Diagnostic work-up included physical examination, radiography, ultrasonography, endoscopic examination of upper airways and guttural pouch, and post mortem examination with histopathology. Humane euthanasia was indicated due to the chronicity of the condition, prognosis and financial constraints.
Gains and Losses in Functionality â•fi An Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Software Updates on Usersâ•Ž Continuance Intentions

Although software updates are ubiquitous in professional and private IS usage, their impact on user behaviors has received little attention in post-adoption research. Based on expectation-confirmation-theory and the IS continuance model, we investigate the effects of gaining and loosing features through updates on expert and novice users’ continuance intentions (CI). In a vignette based experiment, we find that updates which add features to software after its release increase novices’ CI above and beyond a level generated by a monolithic software package that contains the entire feature set from the beginning. With diminished CI, experts show a contrary reaction to the same update. Losing features through an update, on the other hand, severely diminishes CI for experts and novices alike. Mediation analysis reveals positive disconfirmation of previous expectations as psychological mechanism behind novices’ counter-intuitive and somewhat non-rational responses to gaining features through an update. Implications for research and practice are derived.
A genetic algorithm analysis of N∗ resonances in p(γ,K+)Λ reactions

The problem of extracting information on new and known N∗ resonances by fitting isoba models to photonuclear data is addressed. A new fittin g strategy, incorpora ting a genetic algorithm is outlined. As an example, the me thod is applied to a typical treel vel analysis of published p(γ,K+)Λ data. It is shown that, within the limitations of this tree-level analysis, a resonan addition to the known set is required to obtain a reasonable fit. An additional P11 resonance, with a mass of about 1.9 GeV, gives the best agreement with the published data, but additional S11 or D13 resonances cannot be ruled out. Our genetic algorithm method predicts that photon beam as and double polarizationp(γ,K+)Λ measurements should provide the most sensitive informa with respect to missing resonances.  2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PACS:14.20. Gk; 13.60. Le; 02.60. Pn; 02.70. -c
Multi-feature analysis for automated breast lesion classification from ultrasonic data

We have developed quantitative descriptors of lesions for reliable, operator-independent breast cancer identification using ultrasound. These include acoustic features as well as morphometric features related to lesion shape. Acoustic features include "echogenicity," "heterogeneity," and "shadowing," computed from radio-frequency (RF) spectral-parameter images of the lesion and surrounding tissue. Morphometric features were computed by geometric and fractal analysis of manually-traced lesion boundaries. Initial results show that no single parameter can precisely identify cancerous breast lesions and that the use of multiple features can substantially improve discrimination. Our analysis produced an ROC-curve area of 0.9164 /spl plusmn/ 0.0346.
Feminist Firms

We examine whether reducing frictions to labor force participation affects the performance of private and public firms. Using the staggered adoption by states of Paid Family Leave acts, we provide causal evidence on the value created by reducing barriers to women’s workforce participation. The magnitude of firms’ improved performance is correlated with their exposure to the laws. Our cross-sectional findings support a framework in which identity dissonance costs affect female labor force participation decisions. We document that reduced turnover, increased productivity and female leadership are important mechanisms leading to the observed performance gains. We discuss important policy implications.
Accurate Word Extraction from Documents with Complex Layouts

PDF documents are commonly used to exchange and store information. Their compact and self-contained nature has kept them relevant for a long time. It also, however, leads to problems when trying to automate operations on them. An example of this is the automatic extraction of textual content a problem, which has not been entirely solved to this day. Textual content within the documents is only stored at a character level, which means that words and text lines have to be rebuilt from the ground up. There exist rule-based algorithms, which try to solve the problem by taking advantage of the spacing within the documents. Using them on documents with a standard layout (e.g. scientific publications), which feature rectangular columns and figures has achieved satisfactory results. It is, however, more challenging for documents, which have a complex layout. Some magazine and news articles, for example, feature circular pull quotes in-between text columns, which are used to emphasize a certain point. This, in turn, makes it harder to deploy the rule-based algorithms, because the spacing in the documents becomes irregular. In the following thesis, this problem is tackled with the help of a deep learning approach. The approach looks at the pages of a PDF document as a collection of sequences, which are in the form of text lines. These sequences are then processed by a deep learning model and each character from them is grouped into its respective word. The usage of not only the distances between the characters, but also their value and information about their font, as input features, enables the model to more easily identify complex elements (e.g. pull quotes) and accurately extract their textual contents.