Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human cyclin E, a nuclear protein essential for the G1-to-S phase transition

Cyclin E was first identified by screening human cDNA libraries for genes that would complement G1 cyclin mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and has subsequently been found to have specific biochemical and physiological properties that are consistent with it performing a G1 function in mammalian cells. Most significantly, the cyclin E-Cdk2 complex is maximally active at the G1/S transition, and overexpression of cyclin E decreases the time it takes the cell to complete G1 and enter S phase. We have now found that mammalian cells express two forms of cyclin E protein which differ from each other by the presence or absence of a 15-amino-acid amino-terminal domain. These proteins are encoded by alternatively spliced mRNAs and are localized to the nucleus during late G1 and early S phase. Fibroblasts engineered to constitutively overexpress either form of cyclin E showed elevated cyclin E-dependent kinase activity and a shortened G1 phase of the cell cycle. The overexpressed cyclin E protein was detected in the nucleus during all cell cycle phases, including G0. Although the cyclin E protein could be overexpressed in quiescent cells, the cyclin E-Cdk2 complex was inactive. It was not activated until 6 to 8 h after readdition of serum, 4 h earlier than the endogenous cyclin E-Cdk2. This premature activation of cyclin E-Cdk2 was consistent with the extent of G1 shortening caused by cyclin E overexpression. Microinjection of affinity-purified anti-cyclin E antibodies during G1 inhibited entry into S phase, whereas microinjection performed near the G1/S transition was ineffective. These results demonstrate that cyclin E is necessary for entry into S phase. Moreover, we found that cyclin E, in contrast to cyclin D1, was required for the G1/S transition even in cells lacking retinoblastoma protein function. Therefore, cyclins E and D1 control two different transitions within the human cell cycle.
Widening participation without widening attainment: The case of ethnic minority students

The participation of people from ethnic minorities in UK higher education is greater than that of White people. Nevertheless, students from ethnic minorities are less likely to obtain ‘good’ degrees (those awarded with first or upper second-class honours) than are White students. This article discusses some possible causes and implications of this attainment gap. It is equally apparent in graduates who have taken courses by distance learning with the Open University, including those who graduate in psychology, and it is equally apparent in the grades awarded to students who have taken the courses that make up the psychology degree. This pattern may apply to other groups who are the focus of attempts to widen access to UK higher education. It is premature to promote the idea of widening participation in such groups unless they can be guaranteed equity in terms of their subsequent attainment.
Human marrow stromal cell therapy for stroke in rat: Neurotrophins and functional recovery

ObjectiveTo test the effect of IV-injected human bone marrow stromal cells (hMSC) on neurologic functional deficits after stroke in rats. Methods Rats were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and IV injected with 3 × 106 hMSC 1 day after stroke. Functional outcome was measured before and 1, 7, and 14 days after stroke. Mixed lymphocyte reaction and the development of cytotoxic T lymphocytes measured the immune rejection of hMSC. A monoclonal antibody specific to human cellular nuclei (mAb1281) was used to identify hMSC and to measure neural phenotype. ELISA analyzed neurotrophin levels in cerebral tissue from hMSC-treated or nontreated rats. Bromodeoxyuridine injections were used to identify newly formed cells. Results Significant recovery of function was found in rats treated with hMSC at 14 days compared with control rats with ischemia. Few (1 to 5%) hMSC expressed proteins phenotypic of brain parenchymal cells. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor significantly increased, and apoptotic cells significantly decreased in the ischemic boundary zone; significantly more bromodeoxyuridine-reactive cells were detected in the subventricular zone of the ischemic hemisphere of rats treated with hMSC. hMSC induced proliferation of lymphocytes without the induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. ConclusionNeurologic benefit resulting from hMSC treatment of stroke in rats may derive from the increase of growth factors in the ischemic tissue, the reduction of apoptosis in the penumbral zone of the lesion, and the proliferation of endogenous cells in the subventricular zone.
Effectors regulatory T cells in pregnancy (and autoimmunity?)

In this review, we put the discovery of ‘suppressor T cells’ in pregnancy in an historical perspective, and then highlight some of the data that precluded the resurrection of the phenomenon in the last years. We then review the evidence for the existence of Tregs in murine and human pregnancy. We then emit our opinion on some data presented in a murine abortion system. We review the evidence linking the cyclic recruitment of Tregs in the uterus with preparation for pregnancy, and how this, via endocrine signals, might affect autoimmunity.
High-Level Expression of Marek's Disease Virus Glycoprotein C Is Detrimental to Virus Growth In Vitro

ABSTRACT Expression levels of Marek's disease virus (MDV) glycoprotein C (gC) are significantly reduced after serial virus passage in cell culture. Reduced gC expression coincides with enhanced MDV growth in vitro and attenuation. To analyze this phenomenon in detail, a full-length infectious MDV clone was modified by Red-based and shuttle mutagenesis in Escherichia coli. Besides a gC-negative deletion mutant harboring a kanamycin resistance gene, a markerless mutant with the UL44 gene deleted was constructed. On the basis of this deletion mutant, the original or a modified UL44 gene with a mutated start codon (AUG→ACG) was reinserted into the authentic locus. Similarly, mutants expressing authentic gC or the start codon mutation under the control of a strong constitutive promoter were generated. In vitro studies demonstrated that gC deletion mutants induced twofold-larger plaques than the parental virus did, whereas constitutive overexpression of the glycoprotein resulted in a more than twofold reduction in plaque size. In addition, plaque sizes of the gC deletion mutant were reduced when virus was grown using supernatants from cells infected with parental virus, but supernatants obtained from cells infected with the gC deletion mutant had no measurable effect on plaque size. The results indicated that (i) expression of MDV gC, albeit at low levels in a highly passaged virus, had a significant negative impact on the cell-to-cell spread capabilities of the virus, which was alleviated in its absence and exacerbated by its overexpression, and that (ii) this activity was mediated by the secreted form of MDV gC.
Frequencies of A(TA)7TAA, G71R, and G493R Mutations of the UGT1A1 Gene in the Malaysian Population

Background: Gilbert syndrome is caused by defects in the uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) gene. These mutations differ among different populations and many of them have been found to be genetic risk factors for the development of neonatal jaundice. Objectives: The objective was to determine the frequencies of the following mutations in the UGT1A1 gene: A(TA)7TAA (the most common cause of Gilbert syndrome in Caucasians), G71R (more common in the Japanese and Taiwanese population), and G493R (described in a homozygous Malay woman with Crigler-Najjar syndrome type 2) in a group of Malaysian babies with hyperbilirubinemia and a group of normal controls. Methods: The GeneScan fragment analysis was used to detect the A(TA)7TAA variant. Mutation screening of both G71R and G493R was performed using denaturing high performance liquid chromatography. Results: Fourteen out of fifty-five neonates with hyperbilirubinemia (25%) carried the A(TA)7TAA mutation (10 heterozygous, 4 homozygous). Seven out of fifty controls (14%) carried this mutation (6 heterozygous, 1 homozygous). The allelic frequencies for hyperbilirubinemia and control patients were 16 and 8%, respectively (p = 0.20). Heterozygosity for the G71R mutation was almost equal among both groups (5.5% for hyperbilirubinemia patients and 6.0% for controls; p = 0.61). One subject (1.8%) in the hyperbilirubinemia group and none of the controls were heterozygous for the G493R mutation (p = 0.476). Conclusions: The A(TA)7TAA seems more common than the G71R and G493R mutations in the Malaysian population.
Modeling and analysis of data flow in MAC layer of WSN-MCN convergence network

With enormous growth of wireless communication technologies, mobile phone plays an important role in future development of ubiquitous network. New cellular devices are equipped with powerful computing, communicating and storage facilities which will improve scalability, energy efficiency and decrease packet delay, etc. The performance metrics like coverage, enhanced target tracking and superior channel capacity can be increased by using mobile sink over a static sink in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). On the other hand Mobile Cellular Network (MCN) has technology of wide coverage area, powerful nodes and network robustness but it's deployment is expensive. Therefore, integration of MCN and WSN is the need of the hour. This integrated type of communication network minimizes the data loss which is an important challenge that occurs at medium access control (MAC) layer. Therefore Quality of Service (QoS) metrics for data flow is emerging issues which need to be solved. In this paper, we study the issues in convergence of MCN and WSN with respect to MAC layer. An analytical model is designed to study performance metric for data traffic flow from sensor node to mobile phone. The QoS measures in terms of data packet delay, loss of data packets etc. are represented in the form of graphs.
The Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve

1. The P50 is the PO2 at which hemoglobin is 50% saturated. 2. The normal P50 is 27 mmHg. 3. The P50 reflects the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen. 4. Elevated P50 values indicate that hemoglobin will surrender oxygen to the tissues more easily. 5. Elevated P50 values indicate a right shift of the curve. 6. Causes of an elevated P50 value include: acidosis, hyperthermia, increased PCO2 and increased 2,3-DPG. 7. The Bohr Effect states that oxygen is more readily released by hemoglobin in the face of acidosis or hypercarbia.
Cyclic guanidines. I. Synthesis of hypoglycemic 1-substituted 2-imino-1,3-diazacycloalkanes.

Reaction of 2-benzylaminoethylamine (1a) with cyanogen bromide was investigated under various conditions to obtain desired 1-benzyl-2-iminoimidazolidine (2a) in quantitative yield. In addition, in the presence of base this reaction gave 3-carbamoyl derivative (3a) or 3-methoxyformimidoyl derivative (6) of 2a. The 3-carbamoyl group of 3a was rearranged to the 2-imino group on heating to give 2-carbamoylimino derivative (5a). On the other hand, 6 was derived to 3a or 3-methoxycarbonyl derivative (7) by heating under strong or mild acidic medium, respectively. 3-Amidino-1-benzyl-2-iminoimidazolidine (9) was prepared through 2-benzylaminoethylguanidine (8) from 1a. 1-Benzyl- or 1-benzhydryl-2-cyanoimino-1, 3-diazacycloalkanes (10) having five-, six- and seven-membered ring size were obtained on heating of 1 with dimethyl cyanoimidodithiocarbonate and then the cyano group of 10 was selectively removed to yield 1-benzyl- or 1-benzhydryl-2-imino-1, 3-diazacycloalkanes (2). Some of 1-substituted 2-imino-1, 3-diazacycloalkane derivatives showed hypoglycemic activity.
Expression of RUNX3 in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma: Implications for tumor progression and prognosis

Runt‐related transcription factor‐3 (RUNX3), being a tumor suppressor gene in gastric cancer, plays an important role in inhibiting cellular growth by participating in the transforming growth factor‐β‐dependent apoptosis. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of RUNX3 in normal salivary glands and adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACCs), comparing the results with clinicopathological factors and patient survival. The quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis and Western blot analysis revealed the expression of RUNX3 both in normal salivary glands and ACCs. Nuclear and cytoplasmic immunoreactivities against RUNX3 in ductal luminal cells and acinous cells, but immunonegative in myoepithelial cells, were detected in normal salivary glands. In ACC, the RUNX3 immunostaining was shown in the cytoplasm of tumor cells; however, no nuclear location of RUNX3 was found. Lower RUNX3 expression showed significant correlation to distant metastasis and histological growth pattern (P = 0.009 and P = 0.025, respectively). On univariate analysis, low level of RUNX3 immunolabeling (P = 0.012), stage T4 (P = 0.017), lymph node involvement (P = 0.007), and distant metastasis (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with decreased overall survival. Multivariate analysis showed only distant metastasis had an independent prognostic effect on overall survival (P = 0.043). Our results demonstrate the expression of RUNX3 in normal salivary glands and salivary ACCs. The low level of RUNX3 protein in salivary ACCs might play a pivotal role in tumor progression and have prognostic values in ACCs. (Cancer Sci 2008; 99: 1334–1340)
[Adiponectin and low cardiometabolic risk in obese women].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between elevated levels of plasmatic adiponectin (AdipoQ) and low cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in obese women (O(b)W). SUBJECTS AND METHODS Case-control study, matched by age, of 306 O(b)W, BMI > 30 kg/m², with 66 cases (21.6%) - all non-hypertensive, normolipidemic, and non-diabetic - conducted in SUS (Brazil's Public Health System) outpatient referral services for obesity in the City of Salvador, Brazil. Secondary data were collected from medical records; primary and complementary data were obtained from a clinical pathology laboratory. Values of AdipoQ > 10.00 µg/ml (> 3(rd) quartile) were considered elevated. Descriptive, bivariate, and conditional logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS A statistically significant positive association between low CMR and AdipoQ > 10.00 µg/ml in physically active (AOR = 5.1; CI95%: 1.8-14.3), non-smoking (AOR = 3.6;CI95%: 1.6-8.4) O(b)W was found. CONCLUSION This study suggests that physically active, non-smoking O(b)W, with higher AdipoQ levels, present greater chances of a low CMR. It becomes important to reinforce encouragement of the adoption of healthy behaviors, by means of public policies.
Développement and test of a photovoltaique conversion chain

This paper presents the design and test of a photovoltaic conversion chain that includes: — A single phase and thermoelectric cooling micro inverter using a DC-DC interleaved isolated boost. — A photovoltaic charger that is designed to regulate the battery charging. The object is to focus on the optimization of (DC/DC and DC/AC) converters performances and its physical dimensions, and to develop an efficient method to track the maximum power point and the load regulation. For this purpose, a specific architecture and design of a high-reliable, robust, stable and miniaturized system are proposed.
DAY-END EFFECT ON THE PARIS BOURSE

We study the day-end effect on the Paris Bourse, a computerized order-driven market with competing dealers. The day-end return is approximately double the magnitude found in U.S. data and is nearly four times larger for stocks trading with a registered dealer. However, this is largely explained by the time between trades and the bid-ask spread. Unlike the U.S. data, the effect does not decline as stock price increases, probably because of a variable tick size in the Paris market. Finally, a change to a closing call auction in May 1996 for a subset of stocks did not reduce the day-end effect. 2006 The Southern Finance Association and the Southwestern Finance Association.
PHF3 expression is frequently reduced in glioma

Glioblastoma is the most frequent brain tumor and accounts for approximately 50–60% of all astrocytic tumors. Many chromosome alterations have been described in glioblastoma, but only for a few alterations were the genes identified and linked to genetic pathways in glioblastoma development. To contribute to the identification of novel genes involved in glioblastoma development we used a combined immunological and molecular screening approach. Here we report the identification and expression analysis of a novel gene from human chromosome 6q12 that is considered to be the third member of a family of PHD finger containing genes and is termed PHF3. PHF3 is ubiquitously expressed in normal tissues including brain, but its expression is significantly reduced or lost in glioblastoma, glioblastoma cell lines, anaplastic astrocytomas and astrocytomas. The PHF3 protein sequence contains several protein motifs frequently found in transcription factors. One of those motifs is a PHD finger, also termed LAP motif and known to bind large portions of DNA. Another region of the protein revealed a high homology to the transcription factor TFIIS, especially to a region that is necessary for the Polymerase II binding properties of TFIIS. Combining these results, PHF3 is a novel member of a large class of regulatory proteins containing a LAP motif, and loss of its expression in glioblastoma may contribute to glioma development.
Identification of Lys116 as the target of N-ethylmaleimide inactivation of ferredoxin:NADP+ oxidoreductase.

Oxidized ferredoxin:NADP+ oxidoreductase (FNR) was slowly and irreversibly inactivated by N-ethylmaleimide. Complete protection against inactivation was afforded by saturating concentrations of NADP+. In the presence of NADPH, a rapid inhibition of the enzyme ensued; however, this inhibition was found to be reversible. In the tryptic map of the flavoprotein, modified with N-ethyl[2,3-14C]maleimide in oxidizing conditions, a unique radioactive peptide was found. Its sequence comprised residues 110-117 of the enzyme: Lys116 was shown to be the residue alkylated by N-ethylmaleimide. It is noteworthy that the same residue of FNR was found to be modified by 5-dimethylaminoaphthalene-1-sulfonyl(dansyl) chloride at the putative NADP(H)-binding site [Cidaria, D. , Biondi, P. A. , Zanetti, G. & Ronchi, S. (1985) Eur. J. Biochem. 146, 295-299]. Furthermore, the data reported here demonstrate that the sulfhydryl groups of FNR are not involved in enzyme inactivation by N-ethylmaleimide.
Dynamic biasing current source for highly linear OTA with constant transconductance and wide input common—mode range

This paper discusses the design of a new dynamic bias current source circuit for a low-power (1 muW) sub-threshold transconductance operational amplifier (OTA) with a wide input common mode voltage range. This was done by cancelling the gm sensitivity to voltage changes by using a replica differential pair and a current subtractor circuit to sense and generate the main bias current and injecting the opposite polarity of the current offset into the auxiliary current source. The simulation results confirm the efficiency of the dynamic biasing circuit by significantly reducing the gm variation up to 96% in comparison with identical differential pair with a fixed biased current source in a standard 0.25 mum CMOS process with 1 V power supply. The power consumption is 469 nW.The proposed linear amplifier is intended for use in state of the art biomedical wireless sensor, where it is desirable to have highly linear amplifier gain.
A New Technique to Measure Contrast Sensitivity in Human Infants

We used a new time-efficient procedure to obtain binocular contrast sensitivity functions (CSFs) from 80 infants aged 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-months-old. The test consisted of 5 sets of large (50 by 28 cm) cards constructed by mounting a 7.2° circular sine wave grating with 1 of 5 spatial frequencies (0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, and 3.6 cpd at 60 cm) onto light gray matteboard. Each card also contained a second 7.2° unpatterned patch of equal space-average luminance. Depending upon the set, the contrast within the gratings ranged from approximately 25 to 0.5%. To judge the subject's detection of each grating we used a rapid version of preferential looking (PL) similar to that developed for the Teller Acuity Cards. Results showed that compared to previous techniques, the card procedure allows one to estimate an infant's CSF much more simply, rapidly, and inexpensively.
Prognostic significance of p21WAF1/CIP1 expression in tongue squamous cell carcinomas.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prognostic significance of p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression and its relationship with p53 accumulation and other apoptotic markers such as Bax, Bcl-2, and apoptotic index in relation to disease-specific survival in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). DESIGN A 10-year retrospective clinical study. Information about clinical findings, treatment, and follow-up has been recorded prospectively. PATIENTS AND METHODS Diagnostic, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections taken from 80 randomly selected patients before treatment for T1 to T4 oral tongue SCC were stained immunohistochemically with p21(WAF1/CIP1). The percentages of positive nuclei that stained positive for tumor were determined. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The significance of prognostic parameters was tested by log-rank and Kaplan-Meier methods for the univariate analysis. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used for multivariate analysis. RESULTS Expression of p21(WAF1/CIP1) correlated inversely with T classification and clinical stage (P =.02 and P =.006, respectively) but not with N classification, tumor differentiation, or apoptosis-related variables such as p53 accumulation, apoptotic index, and Bax and Bcl-2 expression. Patients with tumors expressing high p21(WAF1/CIP1) values had increased disease-specific survival time (P =.03). The correlation between p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression and disease-specific survival was even more significant when restricted to p53-negative tumors (P =.002). A 2-parameter combination between p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression and Bax expression or p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression and p53 accumulation, respectively, revealed an enhanced prognostic potential (P<.001) when compared with single parameters. CONCLUSION The expression of p21(WAF1/CIP1), particularly in combination with p53 accumulation or Bax expression, has prognostic value in oral tongue SCC.
Advances in Fetal Echocardiography: Early Imaging, Three/Four Dimensional Imaging, and Role of Fetal Echocardiography in Guiding Early Postnatal Management of Congenital Heart Disease

In this article, we review a number of topics that we believe reflect new and exciting aspects of fetal echocardiography. These new advances include early fetal cardiovascular imaging around 14 weeks, the utility of three/four dimensional imaging technology for the fetus, and finally the utility of fetal echocardiography for antenatal and perinatal care of congenital heart diseases to improve and optimize outcome. Finally, we briefly discussed future directions in fetal cardiac intervention.