Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Digital Currency like Bitcoin within the International Monetary System Field

Monetary transactions are no longer limited to traditional patterns as electronic systems using internet technology can facilitate whenever and wherever transactions without any face-to-face interaction. In terms of payment methods, this technology is developing and known as digital currency. Bitcoin is the digital currency with the largest market value. It is an electronic payment system based on a mathematical systems. The idea is to produce an independent currency that is not tied to a particular central authority and has very low transaction costs. Digital currency uses the concept of cryptography to provide basic security functions, such as ensuring that Bitcoin can only be spent by those who have it and it cannot be duplicated. The emergence of this currency has caused controversy in many countries because of its unregulated nature. This study examines Bitcoin and whether it is categorized as money based on the concept of money and how the three main international monetary institutions (IMF, WTO, World Bank) respond to its presence with a basic analysis using the concept of cyberpolitics. This study concludes that Bitcoin has not fully met the criteria as a currency and there are no specific rules yet regarding the existence of digital currency. BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRAK: Berbicara Transaksi, saat ini tidak lagi hanya terbatas pada pola tradisional, melainkan sudah berkembang menjadi lebih jauh ketika Transaksi difasilitasi oleh system elektronik dengan menggunakan teknologi intrenet, sehingga kapanpun dan dimana pun transaksi dapat dilakukan tanpa bertatap muka langsung. Dalam hal metode pembayaran, teknologi ini juga berkembang. Baru-baru ini dikenal juga istilah mata uang digital. Salah satunya adalah Bitcoin. Ini adalah mata uang digital dengan nilai pasar terbesar. Ini adalah sistem pembayaran elektronik yang didasarkan pada sistem matematika. Idenya adalah untuk menghasilkan mata uang independen yang tidak terikat pada otoritas pusat tertentu, dengan biaya transaksi yang sangat rendah. Mata uang digital menggunakan konsep kriptografi untuk menyediakan fungsi keamanan dasar, seperti memastikan bahwa Bitcoin hanya dapat digunakan oleh mereka yang memilikinya dan tidak dapat diduplikasi. Munculnya mata uang ini menimbulkan kontroversi di banyak negara karena sifatnya yang tidak diatur. Studi ini meneliti Bitcoin apakah dikategorikan sebagai uang berdasarkan konsep uang dan bagaimana tiga lembaga moneter internasional utama (IMF, WTO, Bank Dunia) merespons kehadirannya dengan analisis dasar menggunakan konsep cyberpolitik. Akhir dari penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Bitcoin belum sepenuhnya memenuhi kriteria sebagai mata uang dan tidak ada aturan khusus mengenai keberadaan mata uang digital.
Effects of low-dose oral contraceptives on body weight: results of a randomized study of up to 13 cycles of use.

OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of 2 oral contraceptives (OCs) on body weight. STUDY DESIGN A randomized, parallel-group, multicenter study of 1,723 women taking an OC with norgestimate (NGM) 180/215/250 microg/ethinyl estradiol (EE) 25 microg vs. 1,171 women taking on OC with norethindrone acetate 1 mg/EE 20 microg for 6-13 cycles was performed. Body weight changes between baseline and cycle 6 and baseline and cycle 13 were analyzed. Analysis included not only changes in mean body weight but also the distribution of changes that were within 5% of baseline weight, 5-10% of baseline weight and > 10% of baseline weight. Only the 10% change was felt to be clinically significant. RESULTS The distribution of body weight changes did not statistically differ between the 2 OC groups for any parameter measured. The mean weight change after 6 months for the NGM/EE and norethindrone acetate/EE groups was +0.71 kg and +0.57 kg, respectively. At 13 cycles for the NGM/EE and norethindrone acetate/ EE groups, the mean body weight change was +0.93 kg and +0.62 kg, respectively. Only 0.3% of subjects in both OC groups experienced a 10% change in weight. CONCLUSION Use of OCs does not substantially affect body weight for most women.
Understanding ecological variation across species: area-based vs mass-based expression of leaf traits.

This article discusses the paper by Lloyd et al. (2013, in this issue of New Phytologist, pp. 311–321), a paper that sets out to criticize the leaf economic spectrum (LES) described by Wright et al. (2004). Table 1 identifies the two key arguments from Lloyd et al. (2013) and responds to them. The LES is a dimension of ecological variation across plant species. It concerns construction and maintenance costs of leaves, and duration of photosynthetic returns from those investments (Reich et al., 1997; Wright et al., 2004). The LES is underpinned by a positive relationship between leaf mass per area (LMA, reflecting investment costs) and leaf lifespan (LL, reflecting duration of the revenue stream arising). Variation among species in LMA reflects underlying variation in quantitative anatomy such as thickness of cuticle, mesophyll and other cell layers, and the degree of structural reinforcement (Niinemets, 1999). Photosynthetic rate on a leaf-area basis (Aarea) does not vary nearly sowidely across species as does leafmass per area LMA (c. 40fold vs 100-fold, in the glopnet dataset provided by Wright et al., 2004 and re-analysed by Lloyd et al., 2013). Also, photosynthetic rate on a mass basis (Amass; 140-fold variation) decreases with increasing LMAacross species. These two statements are equivalent to each other because Aarea divided by LMA is the same as Amass. Hence, if Aarea graphed against LMA is a horizontal relationship or nearly so, then a relationship betweenAmass and LMAwill be sloped downwards. The two statements are inter-convertible. Lloyd et al. (2013) are concerned with the equivalence between these two statements. They carry out several statistical manoeuvres, but they all boil down to the fact that mass-based and area-based data contain the same evidence and can be inter-converted. They seem especially concerned that high r between LMA and massbased assimilation rate or nitrogen (N) content can equally be
Cyber-defense Training in the Real - Design Principles and Architecture of the VNEL Cyber-training Platform

We present the Virtual Network Engineering Laboratory, which creates a high-fidelity, multi-platform, remotely accessible environment where students obtain hands-on experience in network engineering and operation and in cyber defense and infrastructure protection. The facility focuses on access to real equipment in a realistic yet isolated setting. isolation allows for a broad variety of activities without danger to the surrounding operational networks, and it allows the students to learn from mistakes on equipment that is both real and well protected. The Laboratory supports fine-grained, detailed instrumentation of user activities and allows for experiments on a wide variety of real networking equipment. Real equipment is emphasized over simulation for the sake of (a) fidelity of both intended and non-intended modes of operation, (b) extendability to other protection domains such as cyber physical systems, and (c) instrumentability of student-system interactions to support run-time assessment and on-demand scaffolding.
Chemokine Receptor Antagonists

Chemokines belong to a large family of chemoattractant molecules involved in the directed migration of immune cells. They achieve their cellular effects by direct interaction with cell surface receptors. Chemokines appear to be involved in a variety of proinflammatory and autoimmune diseases and this makes them and their receptors very attractive therapeutic targets. This review highlights current efforts toward obtaining highly specific chemokine receptor antogonists and discusses their chemistry and potential role as disease modifiers. ©2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Med Res Rev, 20, No. 2, 155–168, 2000
Comparisons of Analgesic Potency and Side Effects of Buprenorphine and Buprenorphine With Ultra-low-dose Naloxone

Objectives:Opioids are the most effective pain medication available, yet concerns about their safety may limit their administration to those in need. In efforts to identify analgesics with lower potential for abuse and dependence, recent evidence suggests that combinations of opioids with ultra-low doses of the opioid antagonist naloxone may enhance the analgesic effect with increased safety. This study investigated the use of buprenorphine (0.3 mg) plus ultra-low-dose naloxone (0.02 mg) (BUP + ULDN) as compared with buprenorphine alone (0.3 mg) (BUP) for the treatment of pain. Methods:In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized cross-over design, 12 study participants with lingering, noncancer pain received each medication intravenously for 5 days of dosing, separated by an intertrial interval of at least 7 days to avoid possible carryover effects. Results:We found no order effects and no differences between medications in pre- to postdose pain ratings, side effects, or adverse events. Conclusions:These findings suggest that BUP + ULDN is not more effective in reducing pain than BUP.
Visual Development and Neuropsychological Profile in Preterm Children from 6 Months to School Age

The aim of this semilongitudinal study was to investigate the development of central visual pathways in children born preterm but without major neurologic impairments and to establish their cognitive and behavioral profile at school age. Ten children born preterm were assessed at 6 months and at school age, using visual evoked potentials at both time points and cognitive and behavioral tests at school age. We also tested 10 age-matched children born full-term. At 6 months’ corrected age, we found no significant differences between preterm and full-term groups for either amplitude or latency of N1 and P1 components. At school age, the preterm group manifested significantly higher N1 amplitudes and tended to show higher P1 amplitudes than the full-term group. We found no significant differences in cognitive and behavioral measures at school age. These results suggest that preterm birth affects visual pathways development, yet the children born preterm did not manifest cognitive problems.
Silicon-Based Ultracompact TE-Pass/TM-Stop Power Divider Using Subwavelength Gratings Assisted With Segmented Hybrid Plasmonic Horizontal Slot Waveguides

A silicon-based ultracompact TE-pass/TM-stop power divider is proposed and analyzed in detail. By using subwavelength grating (SWG) structures, for injected TE mode, a twofold image in a SWG multimode waveguide is formed and then equally divided into two output channels. As to the injected TM mode, it is radiated into the claddings with the help of three segmented hybrid plasmonic horizontal slot waveguides (HPHSWs), located above the bottom strip and SWG waveguides. Consequently, both equal-power splitting and polarization selection can be realized in the present single device, beneficial to realization of dense integration in photonic-integrated circuits. Moreover, to enhance the device performance, tapered HPHSWs above the SWG structure are used. Results show that a compact device of 4.25 μm in total length is achieved with an insertion loss (IL) of 0.28 dB (TE), an extinction ratio (ER) of 19.73 dB, and a reflection loss of −28.13 dB (−19.69 dB) for TE (TM) mode. The bandwidth is up to 118 nm when the ER is over 15 dB and IL is below 0.4 dB. In addition, fabrication tolerances to the structural parameters are investigated detail and field evolution along the propagation distance through the proposed device is also presented.
Transregional Coordination of Modernization Processes in Implementation of Import-substituting Policy in Russia

The article presents results of the research on modernization strategies implemented in Russian economy. Authors have identified three dominating approaches: institutional, innovation-technological and import-substituting modernization. They have stated that import-substituting modernization in Russia is ongoing in terms of sanctions, a shortage of investment resources, insufficient home demand and significant regional differentiation. This necessitates strict coordination in modernization processes. To achieve this, authors have proposed a toolkit for transregional coordination in modernization processes to implement import-substituting policies based on integral indicators. Findings confirm that regions, in their efforts to achieve modernization targets, use their potential in a inefficient and counterproductive manner. One might use the developed toolkit as a classifier of regions and sectors of economy by criterion of dynamics in modernization processes, as well as a basis for indicative planning.
Role of Employee Training in Enhancing Perceived Performance through competencies in Services Industry- A Study of Pakistani Banking Sector

Background: Employee Training is one of the leading contemporary human resource aspects, it is perfect approach leading towards effective employee development and is used as renowned technique for creating new leaders and enriching employee’s skills. Training is nowadays a no-way-option for almost all organizations. Training acts crucially at dual dimensions; it enhances employee performance and works on organizational development. This study plans to evaluate the role of training and training design and delivery towards the employee competencies leading to employee’s perceived performance in banking sector. Methodology: It is quantitative research with post-positivist approach. Data was collected from 152 bankers from different banks in Karachi through a survey questionnaire. Data was analyzed by applying descriptive analysis and statistical tests. Results: Results revealed that there exists substantial relationship between (IV-1) On-Job-Training, (IV-2) Training Design and Delivery and (DV) Perceived Performance, although (IV-3) Off-Job-Training proved as weak predictor. The study produced useful information for future researches.
A new point estimate method for probabilistic load flow with correlated variables including wind farms

In this paper, a novel probabilistic load flow (PLF) method that combines Nataf transformation with Zhao's point estimate method (PEM) is proposed. The new method can deal with correlated non-normal input random variables (RVs) in PLF evaluation with improved accuracy and less computation time than existing methods. The proposed method is applied to a modified IEEE 118-bus test system with wind farms. A comparison with Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) using correlated variables is presented. In the end, the sensitivity analysis considering different correlation coefficients of wind speed is shown.
Periorbital Autologous Fat Grafting in Facial Nerve Palsy.

PURPOSE To report outcomes and complications of periorbital autologous fat grafting (AFG) in improving volume loss-related symmetry and function in facial nerve palsy patients and to assess patient satisfaction. METHODS A retrospective, noncomparative review of all facial nerve palsy patients who underwent periorbital AFG at single center over a 4-year period. Two independent graders objectively assessed standard photographs for any change in volume loss and symmetry: pre- and postoperative periods (early, 0-2 months; intermediate, 3-9 months; and late, >10 months). Any adverse outcomes were recorded. Patient satisfaction was assessed by questionnaire survey. RESULTS A total of 18 facial nerve palsy patients (13 females) underwent periorbital AFG between February 2011 and 2015. Mean age was 51.9 ± 15.3 years (range, 26-76). Mean follow up was 6.8 ± 4.6 (range, 0.5-15) months. Photographs of 14 patients were eligible for evaluation. Tear trough visibility (p < 0.01), infraorbital rim visibility (p = 0.03), and lower eyelid-cheek junction symmetry (p < 0.01) improved in the early postoperative period with persistence of improvement in the latter parameter at intermediate postoperative period (p < 0.01). Lagophthalmos significantly improved (p = 0.03) in the early postoperative period. Two patients developed cheek cellulitis and 4 had persistent malar edema (3 had existing edema). Questionnaire survey showed a reduction in daytime ocular lubricants and an improvement in nocturnal-lagophthalmos symptoms. CONCLUSION Periorbital AFG is a useful adjunct in improving symmetry and lagophthalmos in facial nerve palsy patients where volume loss is a contributory factor but effects were not long lasting. Patient satisfaction is high. Those with preexisting malar bags are at higher risk of developing persistent malar edema following periorbital AFG.
Analysis of Product Differentiation Strategy and its Implications toward Position Advantage on Customer Retailer's Purchase Decision

This study aimed to analyze the strategy of product differentiation and its implications on position advantage on customer retailer’s purchase decision either partially or simultaneously. The research method used quantitative method with linear regression analysis three variables measured were: product differentiation strategy and advantage position as independent variable and purchase decision as a dependent variable. The object of this research was the customer retailer as the unit of analysis. Technique of Data collection used saturated random sampling with 400 respondents of retailer customers in Bandung. The statistical analysis used Classical Assumption Test and hypothesis testing test of Z, T and F with significant level (α) 5% and calculated by statistical analysis test. The result indicated significant influence to the product differentiation strategy, position advantage, and purchase decision. The variable of product differentiation strategy and position's advantage influenced the purchase decision either partially or
The role of steatosis of the liver graft in the development of post‐transplant biliary complications

We read with interest the article by Heidenhain et al. [1] recently published online on Transplant International. The authors retrospectively reviewed 1843 liver transplant recipients over a period of 17 years performed at the University of Berlin to investigate incidence and risk factor of Ischemic Type Biliary Lesion (ITBL). After excluding primary sclerosing cholangitis patients and any other causes of biliary problems such as hepatic artery thrombosis, ABO-incompatibility, biliary anastomotic stricture, and chronic ductopenic rejection, the authors reported an incidence of ITBL of 3.9% that compares favorably with most of the series reported in literature [2–4]. They found donor age, cold ischemic time, type of conservation solution (HTK versus UW), arterial pressure perfusion, organ shipped from other centers, and Child-Pugh recipient’s score C as significant risks factors for ITBL. Correctly, in the discussion, the authors suggest a potential impact of donor’s graft steatosis on ITBL, but they stated that those data are not available either in the present study or in other series. At the Liver Transplant Center of Udine, Italy, we retrospectively analyzed 117 consecutive liver transplantations from heart beating deceased donors over a 3-year period for the development of any type (anastomotic or not) post-transplant biliary complications. At univariate analysis, we identified interval between portal and arterial hepatic reperfusion and macrovacuolar steatosis of the graft greater than 25% as an independent risk factor for biliary complications after liver transplantation. Notably, stepwise logistic regression analysis demonstrated that a macrosteatosis of the graft >25% [OR = 5.21 I.C. 95% (1.79–15.15) P = 0.002] was the only independent risk factor predicting biliary complications after liver transplantation [5]. Although limited by numbers of patients and length of follow-up, this is, to our knowledge, the first reported evidence in the literature of a possible role of steatosis on the development of biliary complication after liver transplantation. A possible pathogenetic explanation might come to the fact that fatty liver compromises hepatic microcirculation as observed in human fatty donor livers and in experimental models of hepatic steatosis [6,7]. There is an inverse correlation between the degree of fat infiltration and both total hepatic blood flow and flow in microcirculation. Fatty accumulation in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes is associated with an increase in the cell volume that reduces the size of the hepatic sinusoid space by 50% compared with a normal liver and may result in partial or complete obstruction of the hepatic sinusoid space [8]. This phenomenon might especially impair microcirculation of the peribiliary vascular plexus increasing the risk of biliary complications in the hepatic graft.
Effects of Milk Production, Season, Parity and Lactation Period on Variations of Milk Urea Nitrogen Concentration and Milk Components of Holstein Dairy Cows

The study was conducted to assess the effect of milk production, parity, stage of lactation, season and individual milk components themselves on milk urea nitrogen (MUN) concentration and other milk components of 3,219 Holstein dairy cows in Korean dairy farms. The MUN concentrations in Korean dairy cows were estimated to 16.68±5.87 mg/dl. Milk yield was negatively correlated with fat and protein contents and somatic cell counts (SCC) in milk (p<0.01). The increasing MUN concentration has positive correlation with yield and fat content. By increasing somatic cell, milk yield was reduced and MUN level was increased. Cows in spring and winter produced more milk over 1.43 and 0.93 kg/day, respectively, than cows in summer (p<0.01). Milk urea nitrogen concentrations of milk produced in summer and fall were significantly lower (p<0.01) than those in spring and winter. Both MUN concentration and somatic cell counts were highest in winter. Milk yield was lower (p<0.01) in the first calving than other calving time and was tended to increase until the fifth parity and then decrease. Milk urea nitrogen and SCC were not related to parity of cows in this study. Milk yield and SCC were positively related to lactation period while MUN concentrations and milk fat and protein contents were negatively influenced by stage of lactation. In the present study, the relationship between MUN and reproduction of dairy cows was also investigated. Cow produced milk in high MUN concentrations (greater than 18 mg/dl) had more open days than cows in MUN concentrations less than 18 mg/dl. However, no significant difference between MUN concentration levels and frequency of artificial insemination was found in this study. It is suggested that although MUN values for nutritional management and measures of production or reproduction are used, non-nutritional factors should be considered. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2004. Vol 17, No. 4 : 479-484)