Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Continuous feedback stabilization of nonlinear control systems by composition operators

The ability to asymptotically stabilize control systems through the use of continuous feedbacks is an important topic of control theory and applications. In this paper, we provide a complete characterization of continuous feedback stabilizability using a new approach that does not involve control Lyapunov functions. To do so, we first develop a slight generalization of feedback stabilization using composition operators and characterize continuous stabilizability in this expanded setting. Employing the obtained characterizations in the more general context, we establish relationships between continuous stabilizability in the conventional sense and in the generalized composition operator sense. This connection allows us to show that the continuous stabilizability of a control system is equivalent to the stability of an associated system formed from a local section of the vector field inducing the control system. That is, we reduce the question of continuous stabilizability to that of stability. Moreover, we provide a universal formula describing all possible continuous stabilizing feedbacks for a given system.
GreedyFool: Multi-Factor Imperceptibility and Its Application to Designing Black-box Adversarial Example Attack.

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are inherently vulnerable to well-designed input samples called adversarial examples. The adversary can easily fool DNNs by adding slight perturbations to the input. In this paper, we propose a novel black-box adversarial example attack named GreedyFool, which synthesizes adversarial examples based on the differential evolution and the greedy approximation. The differential evolution is utilized to evaluate the effects of perturbed pixels on the confidence of the DNNs-based classifier. The greedy approximation is an approximate optimization algorithm to automatically get adversarial perturbations. Existing works synthesize the adversarial examples by leveraging simple metrics to penalize the perturbations, which lack sufficient consideration of the human visual system (HVS), resulting in noticeable artifacts. In order to sufficient imperceptibility, we launch a lot of investigations into the HVS and design an integrated metric considering just noticeable distortion (JND), Weber-Fechner law, texture masking and channel modulation, which is proven to be a better metric to measure the perceptual distance between the benign examples and the adversarial ones. The experimental results demonstrate that the GreedyFool has several remarkable properties including black-box, 100% success rate, flexibility, automation and can synthesize the more imperceptible adversarial examples than the state-of-the-art pixel-wise methods.
Bayesian Online Meta-Learning

Neural networks are known to suffer from catastrophic forgetting when trained on sequential datasets. While there have been numerous attempts to solve this problem for large-scale supervised classification, little has been done to overcome catastrophic forgetting for few-shot classification problems. We demonstrate that the popular gradient-based few-shot meta-learning algorithm Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning (MAML) indeed suffers from catastrophic forgetting and introduce a Bayesian online meta-learning framework that tackles this problem. Our framework incorporates MAML into a Bayesian online learning algorithm with Laplace approximation. This framework enables few-shot classification on a range of sequentially arriving datasets with a single meta-learned model. The experimental evaluations demonstrate that our framework can effectively prevent forgetting in various few-shot classification settings compared to applying MAML sequentially.
Optimality of Correlated Sampling Strategies

In the "correlated sampling" problem, two players are given probability distributions $P$ and $Q$, respectively, over the same finite set, with access to shared randomness. Without any communication, the two players are each required to output an element sampled according to their respective distributions, while trying to minimize the probability that their outputs disagree. A well known strategy due to Kleinberg-Tardos and Holenstein, with a close variant (for a similar problem) due to Broder, solves this task with disagreement probability at most $2 \delta/(1+\delta)$, where $\delta$ is the total variation distance between $P$ and $Q$. This strategy has been used in several different contexts, including sketching algorithms, approximation algorithms based on rounding linear programming relaxations, the study of parallel repetition and cryptography. In this paper, we give a surprisingly simple proof that this strategy is essentially optimal. Specifically, for every $\delta \in (0,1)$, we show that any correlated sampling strategy incurs a disagreement probability of essentially $2\delta/(1+\delta)$ on some inputs $P$ and $Q$ with total variation distance at most $\delta$. This partially answers a recent question of Rivest. Our proof is based on studying a new problem that we call "constrained agreement". Here, the two players are given subsets $A \subseteq [n]$ and $B \subseteq [n]$, respectively, and their goal is to output an element $i \in A$ and $j \in B$, respectively, while minimizing the probability that $i \neq j$. We prove tight bounds for this question, which in turn imply tight bounds for correlated sampling. Though we settle basic questions about the two problems, our formulation leads to more fine-grained questions that remain open.
Restless reachability problems in temporal graphs.

We study a family of reachability problems under waiting-time restrictions in temporal and vertex-colored temporal graphs. Given a temporal graph and a set of source vertices, we find the set of vertices that are reachable from a source via a time-respecting path, where the difference in timestamps between consecutive edges is at most a resting time. Given a vertex-colored temporal graph and a multiset query of colors, we find the set of vertices reachable from a source via a time-respecting path such that the vertex colors of the path agree with the multiset query and the difference in timestamps between consecutive edges is at most a resting time. These kind of problems have several applications in understanding the spread of a disease in a network, tracing contacts in epidemic outbreaks, finding signaling pathways in the brain network, and recommending tours for tourists. We present an algebraic algorithmic framework based on constrained multilinear sieving for solving the restless reachability problems we propose. In particular, parameterized by the length of a path $k$ sought, we show the problems can be solved in $O(2^k k m \Delta)$ time and $O(n \tau)$ space, where $n$ is the number of vertices, $m$ the number of edges, $\Delta$ the maximum resting time and $\tau$ the maximum timestamp of an input temporal graph. In addition, we prove that the algorithms presented for the restless reachability problems in vertex-colored temporal graphs are optimal under plausible complexity-theoretic assumptions. Finally, with an open-source implementation, we demonstrate that our algorithm scales to large graphs with up to one billion temporal edges, despite the problems being NP-hard. Specifically, we present extensive experiments to evaluate our scalability claims both on synthetic and real-world graphs.
Low-Cost Floating-Point Processing in ReRAM for Scientific Computing

We propose ReFloat, a principled approach for low-cost floating-point processing in ReRAM. The exponent offsets based on a base are stored by a flexible and fine-grained floating-point number representation. The key motivation is that, while the number of exponent bits must be reduced due to the exponential relation to the computation latency and hardware cost, the convergence still requires sufficient accuracy for exponents. Our design reconciles the conflicting goals by storing the exponent offsets from a common base among matrix values in a block, which is the granularity of computation in ReRAM. Due to the value locality, the differences among the exponents in a block are small, thus the offsets require much less number of bits to represent exponents. In essence, ReFloat enables the principled local fine-tuning of floating-point representation. Based on the idea, we define a flexible ReFloat format that specifies matrix block size, and the number of bits for exponent and fraction. To determine the base for each block, we propose an optimization method that minimizes the difference between the exponents of the original matrix block and the converted block. We develop the conversion scheme from default double-precision floating-point format to ReFloat format, the computation procedure, and the low-cost floating-point processing architecture in ReRAM.
Hidden chaos factors inducing random walks which reduce hospital operative efficiency

Operative parameters of La Fuenfría Hospital such as: hospitalized patients; daily admissions and discharges were studies for the hospital as a whole, and for each hospital’s service unit (henceforth called ‘services’). Conventional statistical analyzes and fractal dimension analyzes were performed on daily In-Patient series. The sequence of daily admissions and patients staying on each service were found to be a kind of random series known as random walks (Rw), sequences where what happens next, depends on what happens now plus a random variable. Rw analyzed with parametric or nonparametric statistics may simulate cycles and drifts which resemble seasonal variations or fake trends which reduce the Hospital’s efficiency. Globally, inpatients Rw s in LFH, were found to be determined by the time elapsed between daily discharges and admissions. The factors determining LFH R were found to be the difference between daily admissions and discharges. The discharges are replaced by admissions with some random delay and the random difference determines LFH Rw s. These findings show that if the daily difference between admissions and discharges is minimized, the number of inpatients would fluctuate less and the number of unoccupied beds would be reduced, thus optimizing the Hospital service.
The chemistry of wine stabilization and treatments

Part One The Chemistry of Wine. 1 Organic Acids in Wine. 2 Alcohols and Other Volatile Compounds. 3 Carbohydrates. 4 Dry Extract and Minerals. 5 Nitrogen Compounds. 6 Phenolic Compounds. 7 Varietal Aroma. Part Two Stabilization and Treatments of Wine. 8 Chemical Nature, Origins and Consequences of the Main Organoleptic Defects. 9 The Concept of Clarity and Colloidal Phenomena. 10 Clarification and Stabilization Treatments: Fining Wine. 11 Clarifying Wine by Filtration and Centrifugation. 12 Stabilizing Wine by Physical and Physicochemical Processes. 13 Aging Red Wines in Vat and Barrel: Phenomena Occurring During Aging. Index.
Etude de ligands de l'ADN G-quadruplexe sur l'intégralité des télomères : voies des dommages à l'ADN au cours de l'apoptose et de la senescence dans des lignées tumorales humaines

@Ligands that stabilize the telomeric G-overhang into G-quadruplex structures can be considered as potential antitumor agents that block telomerase activity and telomere replication in tumor cells. We have studied the mode of action of the triazine derivative 12459 G-quadruplexe ligand on telomere integrity and apoptosis induction in A549 human pulmonary carcinoma cell line. We have shown that 12459 ligand provokes a rapid degradation of the telomeric G-overhang resulting in a mitochondrial apoptosis in A549 cell line. The G-overhang degradation induced by 12459 treatment represents a specific telomeric response. This degradation might reflect the uncapping of the telomeric ends and represent the alteration of the binding of specific telomeric factor. Indeed, our results show that telomestatin treatment in HT1080 cell line induces TIFs formation and telomere uncapping by hPOT1 delocalization. Moreover, 12459 ligand treatment induces two distinct signalling pathway: senescence or apoptosis (depending on its concentration and time exposure). In senescence conditions ( 5 µM), no DNA damage signalling pathway activation has been detected due to a 12459-induced PPM1D overexpression. Indeed, PPM1D deletion restores TIFs formation after 12459 treatment. Finally we have shown that cellular clones selected for 12459 resistance show Bcl-2 overexpression. Transfection of the cDNA of Bcl-2 into A549 cells induces a resistance to the short term apoptotic effect triggered by 12459, suggesting that Bcl-2 is an important factor in 12459 resistance.
Autoencoders and Principal Components Analysis ( PCA )

One of the purposes of machine learning is to automatically learn how to use data, without writing code by hand. When we started the course with linear regression, we saw that we could represent complicated functions if we hand-engineered features (or basis functions). Those functions can then be turned into “neural networks”, where — given enough labelled data — we can learn the features that are useful for classification automatically.
Surface-enhanced raman scattering : physics and applications

Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: a Brief Perspective. - Electromagnetic Mechanism of SERS. - Electromagnetic Theory of SERS. - Coupled Plasmonic Plasmon/Photonic Resonance Effects in SERS. - Estimating SERS Properties of Silver-Particle Aggregates through Generalized Mie Theory. - Studying SERS from Metal Nanoparticles and Nanoparticles Aggregates with Continuum Models. - SERS From Transition Metals and Excited by Ultraviolet Light. - Electronic Mechanisms of SERS. - Two-Photon Excited Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering. - Applications of the Enhancement of Resonance Raman Scattering and Fluorescence by Strongly Coupled Metallic Nanostructures. - Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (TERS). - Tip-Enhanced Near-Field Raman Scattering: Fundamentals and New Aspects for Molecular Nanoanalysis/Identification. - Single-Molecule SERS Spectroscopy. - Temporal Fluctuations in Single-Molecule SERS Spectra. - Single-Molecule Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of the Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein EGFP. - Surface-Enhanced Vibrational Spectroelectrochemistry: Electric-Field Effects on Redox and Redox-Coupled Processes of Heme Proteins. - Nanosensors Based on SERS for Applications in Living Cells. - Biomolecule Sensing with Adaptive Plasmonic Nanostructures. - Glucose Sensing with Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. - Quantitative Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Spectroscopy for Analysis. - Rapid Analysis of Microbiological Systems Using SERS. - Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering for Biomedical Diagnostics and Molecular Imaging. - Ultrasensitive Immunoassays Based on Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering by Immunogold Labels. - Detecting Chemical Agents and Their Hydrolysis Products in Water.
Wettability of hair using natural and synthetic surfactants in presence of silver nanoparticles as additive

Synthetic surfactants are used for various industrial purposes ranging from surface cleaning, oil recovery,froth floatation, etc. The synthetic surfactants are not easily biodegradable and are quite costly, leaving surfactants extracted from microbial and plant as possible alternative sources to it.Plant surfactants on the other hand are cheaper and also suitable for mass production compared to surfactants extracted from microbial source,but it hasinferior wetting and surface tension properties compared to synthetic surfactant.So,silver nanoparticle was used as an additive,as it has antimicrobial properties and also increases the wetting property of the surfactant. This report mainly focuses on the wetting property of pure surfactant system on hair as well as the growth kinetics of silver nanoparticle in acacia solution and its effect on wettability of hair. The objective of this study is to obtain insight into the wetting behaviour of human hair in presence of three plant surfactants, namely reetha, acacia and shikakai and also along with silver nanoparticles synthesized in-situ in acacia extract.
Entrepreneurial Finance and Nondiversifiable Risk

Entrepreneurs face significant non-diversifiable business risks. We build a dynamic incomplete markets model of entrepreneurial finance to demonstrate the important implications of nondiversifiable risks for entrepreneurs' interdependent consumption, portfolio allocation, financing, investment, and business exit decisions. The optimal capital structure is determined by a generalized tradeoff model where leverage via risky non-recourse debt provides significant diversification benefits. More risk-averse entrepreneurs default earlier, but also choose higher leverage, even though leverage makes his equity more risky. Non-diversified entrepreneurs demand both systematic and idiosyncratic risk premium. Cash-out option and external equity further improve diversification and raise the entrepreneur's valuation of the firm. Finally, entrepreneurial risk aversion can overturn the risk-shifting incentives induced by risky debt.
Structures of Exocyst Subunit Exo70 from Yeast and Mouse.

Exocytosis is a eukaryotic process in which vesicles deliver membrane and other cargoes to and across the plasma membrane. The exocyst is a tethering complex necessary for the polarization and fusion of exocytic vesicles with the plasma membrane. It is conserved in eukaryotes, although it exhibits increasingly complex characteristics from yeasts to mammals. Exo70 is one of eight protein subunits of the exocyst. Its interactions with a Rho family GTPase and the Arp2/3 actin branching complex are important for exocytosis. The aim of this work is to gain greater insight into the structure and function of the exocyst and the role of Exo70 within it. The high-resolution structures of the Cterminal 90% of Exo70 from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the mouse Mus musculus are presented here as determined by X-ray crystallography. These structures provide a unique opportunity to study a near-complete component of the exocyst and to compare and contrast this molecule between two distantly related model organisms. A conserved architecture composed of a series of unique helix-turn-helix motifs organized into a rod shape is revealed in these molecules despite low primary sequence conservation. A poor understanding of the role of this domain structure makes functional conclusions drawn from these structures difficult. These molecules also contain a novel fold that has recently been observed in other proteins participating in exocytosis. Several significant structural deviations between these molecules raise new questions about the
Pyrimidine-2-thiol as selective and sensitive ligand for preconcentration and determination of Pb 2+

A simple, reliable and relatively fast method for selective separation and concentration of trace amounts of lead from aqueous samples for measurement by flame atomic absorption spectrometry has been developed. Aqueous samples were passed through sodium dodecyl sulfate - coated alumina modified with pyrimidine-2-thiol. On this adsorbent Pb 2+ was adsorbed quantitatively and most of the accompanying elements present in the matrix were not retained. The retained lead ions were then eluted from the column using a minimal amount of nitric acid as eluent. In the proposed method large enrichment factors of about 240 and higher were obtained. Limit of detection of the proposed method was 0.73 ng mL -1 . The effect of cationic interferences on the recovery of lead in binary mixtures was also studied. The method was successfully applied to the determination of lead in real samples.
Phase Diagrams and Heterogeneous Equilibria: A Practical Introduction

1 Fundamental Facts and Concepts. - 2 Phase Equilibria in One-Component Systems. - 3 Phase Equilibria in Two-Component Systems Under Exclusion of the Gas Phase. - 4 Phase Equilibria in Three-Component Systems and Four-Component Systems with Exclusion of the Gas Phase. - 5 Phase Equilibria Including a Vapor Phase. - 6 Thermodynamics. - 7 Nucleation During Phase Transitions. - 8 Metastable Phases. - 9 Effect of Diffusion on Phase Transformations. - 10 Organic and Polymeric Materials.
El estudiante universitario en perspectiva cognitivo-motivacional

En este articulo se presenta una sintesis integrada de los resultados obtenidos en una investigacion realizada en cuatro facultades de la Universidad Nacional del Nordeste y que estuvo orientada a obtener informacion sobre las caracteristicas de las metas academicas que persiguen los estudiantes universitarios; explorando las posibles relaciones de estas metas con otras variables cognitivo-motivacionales, especificamente: la concepcion de la inteligencia, la percepcion de la propia capacidad, la auto-valoracion del desempeno academico, las propiedades motivacionales de las causas a las que el estudiante atribuye su desempeno academico. Las metas academicas y el conjunto de variables cognitivo-motivacionales seleccionadas se asumen como componentes vinculados al rendimiento academico del estudiante con el proposito de clarificar el caracter de sus relaciones.
Gestion des déchets dangereux et comportements socialement irresponsables : L’exemple du trafic de déchets électriques et électroniques

En raison de la consommation croissante de produits à la durée de vie de plus en plus courte, les pays développés connaissent une accumulation grandissante de déchets très dommageables pour l'environnement et l'être humain. Prenant les déchets électriques et électroniques (DEEE) comme terrain d'observation, cette recherche étudie les fondements du commerce illégal de déchets des pays développés vers les PED. En effet, malgré la multiplication des conventions nationales (en particulier dans l'UE) et internationales, le problème des déchets dans les pays développés, loin d'être traité en amont, l'est en grande partie en aval par leur délocalisation dans les PED. Deux lectures sont proposées : l'une économique, l'autre institutionnelle. Non exclusives l'une de l'autre, elles permettent de montrer comment les contraintes de coût de gestion des déchets dans les pays développés conjuguées à l'imperfection et/ou la non-application des législations conduisent les firmes et les États à des comportements délinquants. A partir de là, cette contribution suggère l'implication des parties prenantes comme solution pour éliminer ce type de comportements socialement irresponsables. Un des apports principaux de cette recherche réside dans les leçons à tirer en matière de gestion de DEEE par les PED. Mots-clés : commerce international, déchets, institutions, parties prenantes, responsabilité sociale de l'entreprise.