Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Separating and tracking multiple beacon sources for deep space optical communications

We propose a solution for pointing and tracking an optical terminal using one or more beacons and a slowly varying background image. The primary application is a deep space optical communication terminal, where multiple source tracking provides robustness against beacon outage. Our solution uses optical orthogonal codes modulated on each beacon to separate the signal from each source for centroiding. This technique allows calculation of the transmit pointing vector from each beacon location as well as from the background image. The latter can be used to track during beacon outages. We present a simple algorithm for performing this separation, and apply it to experimental data from a photon-counting detector illuminated by two beacons and one constant source. Our results show that the photon flux from each source can be accurately estimated even in the low signal, high background regime. We estimate the variance of the signal estimator due to Poisson fluctuations and infer the effect on a centroid estimator for tracking.
Theoretical Study of OH Adsorption on PdxCu3-x (x = 0-3) Nano Clusters

Adsorption of OH on the PdxCu3-x(x=0-3) small clusters is investigated by density functional theory calculations. It is found that OH adsorbs in three possible modes including on top, bridge and hollow sites while the structures where OH bridges between two atoms are the most stable structures. The Pd-Pd, Pd-Cu and Cu-Cu equilibrium distances for most of the systems increase after OH adsorption and variations are higher for Pd-Pd equilibrium distances compared to Pd-Cu and Cu-Cu equilibrium distances. Adsorption of OH on Cu atom is more favored than on Pd atom. With increasing copper content of the nano-clusters the adsorption energy of OH drops to a minimum and increases with further increasing in copper content.
Impact of pretreatment on colour and texture of watermelon rind

Impact of pretreatment on colour and texture of watermelon rind The effect of osmotic dehydration pretreatment on water loss, solid gain, colour and textural change was investigated. Watermelon rind 1 x 1 cm size was immersed in sucrose solution of 40, 50 and 60° Brix after pretreatment with microwave and conventional boiling in water for 1, 3, and 5 min, respectively. Water loss and solid gain increased with the time of cooking and sugar concentration. Microwave pretreated samples showed higher water loss and solid gain. Increase in the time of cooking decreased the brightness of all the samples. Microwave pretreated samples showed higher ‘b’ values than conventionally pretreated ones. There was no significant difference (P≤0.05) in texture profile analysis parameters except for hardness. Hardness decreased with increase in time of cooking and sugar concentration. Second order regression model was developed for water loss and solid gain of microwave and conventional pretreated watermelon rind.
Nonmonotone Adaptive Barzilai-Borwein Gradient Algorithm for Compressed Sensing

We study a nonmonotone adaptive Barzilai-Borwein gradient algorithm for -norm minimization problems arising from compressed sensing. At each iteration, the generated search direction enjoys descent property and can be easily derived by minimizing a local approximal quadratic model and simultaneously taking the favorable structure of the -norm. Under some suitable conditions, its global convergence result could be established. Numerical results illustrate that the proposed method is promising and competitive with the existing algorithms NBBL1 and TwIST.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PEMAKAIAN OBAT NYAMUK BAKAR DAN FREKUENSI PENYAKIT PARU OBSTRUKSI KRONIK (PPOK)

Hubungan Antara Pemakaian Obat Nyamuk Bakar dan Frekuensi Penyakit Paru Obstruksi Kronik (PPOK). Latar Belakang: PPOK menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia, dengan penggunaan obat nyamuk bakar sebagai faktor risiko PPOK. Tujuan: Membuktikan hubungan antara pemakaian obat nyamuk bakar dan frekuensi PPOK. Metode: Observasional analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Hasil dan Diskusi: Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antarapemakaian obat nyamuk bakar dan frekuensi PPOK (chi square p-value < 0,05). Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan pemakaian obat nyamuk bakar dan frekuensiPPOK.
Use of Mustard Oil Cake for Protease Production by Bacillus subtilis

These enzymes mainly function in a narrow range of pH, temperature, and ionic strength. Moreover, the technological application of enzymes under demanding industrial conditions makes the currently known enzymes ineffective. The microorganisms from diverse and exotic environments called as extremophiles, are an important source of enzymes, whose specific properties are expected to result in novel process applications (Kumar and Takagi, 1999).
Title Socially-optimal multi-hop secondary communication underarbitrary primary user mechanisms

In a cognitive radio system, licensed primary users can lease idle spectrum to secondary users for monetary remuneration. Secondary users acquire available spectrum for their data delivery needs, with the goal of achieving high throughput and low spectrum charges. Maximizing such a net utility (throughput utility minus spectrum cost) is a central problem faced by a multihop secondary network. Optimal decision making is challenging, since it involves multiple data flows, cross-layer coordination, and economic constraints (budgets of sources). The picture is further complicated by the inter-play between secondary data communication and primary spectrum leasing mechanisms. This work is the first to investigate the full spectrum of socially optimal secondary user communication. We design a social welfare maximization framework for multi-session multi-hop secondary data dissemination based on Lyapunov optimization techniques. A salient feature of the framework is that it takes any given primary user mechanism as input, and produces correspondingly a dynamic, distributed rate control, routing, and spectrum allocation and pricing protocol that can achieve longterm maximization of the overall system utility. Through rigorous theoretical analysis, we prove that our online protocol can achieve a social welfare that is arbitrarily close to the offline optimum, with only finite buffer space requirement at each secondary user, and guarantee of no buffer overflow. Empirical studies are conducted to examine the performance of the protocol.
Radar stereo- and interferometry-derived digital elevation models: comparison and combination using Radarsat and ERS-2 imagery

In this experiment, we derive and compare radar stereo and interferometric digital elevation models (DEMs) of a study site in Djibouti, East Africa. A Radarsat stereo pair, as well as Radarsat and ERS-2 interferometric data, comprise the test images. The primary objective of the study was to analyse and compare the results obtained by the two techniques and explore possible synergisms between them. We find that in regions of high coherence, the DEMs produced by interferometry are of much better quality than the stereo result. However, the corresponding error histograms also show some pronounced errors due to decorrelation and phase-unwrapping problems on forested mountain slopes. On the other hand, the more robust stereo reconstruction, with an error standard deviation of 45 m, is able to capture the general terrain shape, although finer surface details are lost. In the second part of our experiment, we demonstrate that merging the stereoscopic and interferometric DEMs by applying a user-defined weighting function to a filtered coherence map can significantly improve the accuracy of the computed elevation maps.
Assessment of Technical and Economic Feasibility of Activated Charcoal Removal of Organic Matter from Different Streams of Grey Water Through Study of Adsorption Isotherms

The feasibility of household level treatment of grey water with activated charcoal was performed using laboratory batch adsorption testing on locally available charcoal media. The study results indicated that the potential for removal of organic matter was significantly high for the high pH cloth wash water compared to the low pH kitchen wastewater which also contained non-adsorbed organics. The addition of ash considerably improved the removal and projected life length of adsorption media for kitchen wastewater treatment. The adsorption isotherms obtained were all modeled adequately using the Freundlich isotherm while the isotherm shapes display different types of adsorption for the different streams of grey water because of the heterogeneous nature of the adsorbates in grey water. The replacement life length of activated charcoal for single drum household level treatment ranged between 7 and 15 months. For family daily flow rates up to 400 lit/day, the replacement costs of a single drum charcoal per cubic meter of grey water treated were calculated to be below the current tariff levels for acquiring water in cities in Swaziland. A considerable part of the grey water pollutant can be removed through pretreatment by sorption alone such as by filtration through sand or other cheap media before adsorption. For complete household level treatment of grey water, a three-step treatment consisting of sand pre-filtration, activated charcoal adsorption and sand post-filtration are recommended.
MUsa un modelo de evaluación de entornos virtuales de enseñanza y aprendizaje: Aplicación a un caso de estudio

espanolEn este trabajo se presentan los ultimos avances en la construccion de MUsa, un modelo de evaluacion de Entornos Virtuales de Ensenanza y Aprendizaje (EVEA) centrado en la usabilidad. MUsa se compone de cuatro capas que parten de una evaluacion general (capa 1) hasta la evaluacion mas especifica y cercana al usuario final (capa 4), de un EVEA. Las cuatro capas persiguen objetivos diferentes. La primera es la encargada de realizar una evaluacion del entorno en general, las tres capas restantes se situan en un contexto de uso particular, por ejemplo el aula virtual de un curso. Para ello, las capas mas cercanas al usuario proponen escenarios de uso que permiten guiar y sistematizar la evaluacion. Se presentan en este articulo las ideas centrales en las que se basa Musa. Se describen cada una de las capas que lo conforman y aspectos vinculados a su aplicacion. Finalmente, se detallan algunos resultados y lineas de trabajos futuros EnglishThe latest advances in the construction of MUsa, a model for assessing Teaching and Learning Virtual Environments (TLVE), centered on usability are presented. MUsa consists of four layers that go from a general assessment (layer 1) to a more specific assessment that is closer to the end user (layer 4), of a TLVE. The four layers have different purposes. The first layer is responsible for the general assessment of the environment, while the other three layers are located in specific contexts of use, such as a virtual classroom. To do so, the layers that are closer to the user propose use scenarios that allow guiding the assessment using some sort of system. In this article, the main ideas behind Musa are presented. Each of the layers is described, as well as aspects related to their application. Finally, some results are detailed and future lines of work are mentioned.
Strong Time Operators in Algebraic Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Field Theory (Spectral and Scattering Theory and Related Topics)

Some aspects of strong time operators in an abstract algebraic quantum mechanics (including quantum statistical mechanics) and in quantum field theory (QFT) are described. As for the facts presented in QFT, they have essentially been established in a previous paper (A. Arai, Rev. Math. Phys. 17(2005), 1071–1109).
Evaluation of the versatility of tannases produced from Aspergillus niger and Penicillium variable with respect to gallic acid production, gallate ester synthesis, animal feed improvement, tannery effluent degradation and tannin stain removal

The potentiality of tannases produced from A. niger and P. variable were investigated with respect to gallic acid production, synthesis of gallate esters, animal feed improvement, tannery effluent degradation and tannin stain removal. Titrimetry results showed significant gallic acid production with 92 % conversion of 8 % tannic acid catalyzed by lyophilized A. niger tannase and 60 % conversion of 3 % tannic acid by lyophilized P. variable tannase in 8h. In gallate ester synthesis, esterfication rate was observed to be affected by the substrate molar ratio and temperature with maximum at 50◦C. Amongst the various organic solvents evaluated, n-hexane (log P 2.0) promoted maximum synthesis of both methyl gallate (MG) and propyl gallate (PG). Also low initial water activity (aw) of 0.11 – 0.33 obtained with LiCl2 and MgCl2.2H2O gave better yields for both MG and PG and by both tannases. Furthermore, addition of molecular sieves at 0h in esterification reaction resulted in enhanced conversion of gallic acid and methanol into methyl gallate (90.7 % and 83 %) by A. niger and P. variable tannase respectively. Similarly, 94.8 % and 89.6 % conversion of gallic acid and propanol into propyl gallate was achieved by A. niger and P. variable tannase after addition of molecular sieves at 0h. In the hydrolysis of xylan and pectin, A. niger tannase showed outstanding result by efficiently degrading them and producing ferulic acid at retention time of 75.90 min. Besides this, both A. niger and P. variable tannases showed considerable degradation of 15 X diluted tannery effluent i.e. 45 and 36 % in 48 h respectively. In the removal of tea / tannin stains, the increase in temperature from 37◦C to 50◦C showed 15 % increase in reflectance for A. niger tannase and 21 % for P. variabl e tannase indicating its potential use in tannin stain remover (Tannosol).
Microparticle-enhanced nephelometric immunoassay for immunoglobulins G in cow's milk

Summary - A microparticle-enhanced nephelometric immunoassay of bovine immunoglobulins G is reported. lt is based on the nephelometric quantification of the competitive immunoagglutination of covalently coated microparticles. This new immunoassay is easy to perform (1-step, no sample pretreatment, no washing or phase separation), fast (1 h at most), sensitive (8 Ilgl1 of immunoglobulins G significantly detected in the reaction mixture), accu rate (linear recovery of immunoglobulins G in overloaded milks) and reproducible (CVs from 2.3-10% in within- and between-run precision studies). The potential of this microparticle-based immunoassay ls discussed with regard to the other quantitative immunoassays (radial immunodiffusion and convention al immunonephelometry in parneular) used in the determination of milk immunoglobulins G.
Elemental composition of coccoliths: Mg/Ca relationships ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, ECOTOXICOLOGY AND CONTAMINATION OF COASTAL SYSTEMS

SUMMARY: Coccolithophores produce calcium carbonate platelets, the coccoliths, and play a significant role in the C and Ca cycles. Coccoliths are important components of marine biogenic carbonate sediments and their chemical analysis can provide tools for paleoceanographic investigation. In particular, the Mg/Ca ratio of coccoliths has been proposed as a paleotemperature proxy. The present study uses X-ray microanalysis to evaluate the Ca and Mg composition of heterococcoliths and holococcoliths of different coccolithophore species. Our measurements indicate that the Mg values in heterococcoliths do not exceed a low threshold and do not show any consistent relationship with the Ca content, while the Mg content of holococcoliths spans a wider range, can reach much higher values and shows a linear relationship with the Ca content. Several heterococcolithophore species tend to form separate clusters according to their Mg and Ca values. Within each cluster, there were no consistent differences in the Mg/Ca ratios of specimens sampled at different temperatures or seasons, suggesting that using the Mg/Ca ratio as a paleothermometer may be problematic. Our findings could have implications for the interpretation of the fossil record because Mg-rich calcite dissolves more easily. RESUMEN: En particular, se ha sugerido que la relación Mg/Ca podría ser usada como un indicador de paleotemperatura. En este trabajo presentamos un estudio, realizado mediante la técnica de microanálisis por rayos X, de la composición elemental de holo- y heterococolitos pertenecientes a diferentes especies de cocolitóforos. Se ha observado que el contenido de Mg en los heterococolitos no supera un umbral muy bajo y no presenta relación con el de Ca, mientras que en los holococolitos el contenido de Mg es en general más elevado, abarca un rango más amplio y guarda una relación lineal con el de Ca. Diversas especies de heterococolitóforos tendían a formar grupos separados en función de su contenido en Ca y Mg. Dentro de cada especie, no se detectaban diferencias consistentes en la relación Mg/Ca de especímenes de muestras de agua de distintas temperaturas o tomadas en diferentes estaciones del año, lo que indica que el uso de la relación Mg/Ca como paleotermómetro puede ser problemático. Nuestras observaciones pueden tener implicaciones para la interpretación del registro sedimentario, ya que la calcita rica en Mg se disuelve más rápidamente.
European Option Pricing in Fractional Jump Diffusion Markets

Previous option pricing research typically assumes that the stock volatility is constant during the life of the option. In this study, we assume the stock volatility in our option valuation model is function of time and stock price. The stock price Process numerically is simulated by using the Monte Carlo method. Then, the numerical option pricing method for European option is hold. Finally, we compare our results with the known results in the linear case, the results show that our method is effective.
Structural Breaks, Long Memory, or Unit Roots in Stock Prices: Evidence from Emerging Markets

This paper investigates whether daily stock price indices from fourteen emerging markets are random walk (unit root) or mean reverting long memory processes. We use an efficient statistical framework that tests for random walks in the presence of multiple structural breaks at unknown dates. This approach allows us to investigate a broader range of persistence than that allowed by the I(0)/I(1) paradigm about the order of integration, which is usually implemented for testing the random walk hypothesis in stock market indices. Our approach extends Robinson’s (1994) efficient test of unit root against fractional integration to allow for multiple endogenously determined structural breaks. For almost all countries, we find support for the random walk hypothesis, with the exception of four stock markets, where weak evidence of mean reverting long memory exist. Structural breaks have impact on the unit root behavior only for Mexico; for all other 11 markets unit roots exist even when structural breaks are not taken into account. In order to check the robustness of our results, we use the two-step feasible exact local Whittle (FELW2ST) estimator of Shimotsu (2010), which allows for polynomial trends, non-normal distributions, and non-stationarity. The results from the semi-parametric FELW2ST approach shows that, except for Mexico, stock price indices of 13 emerging markets are not mean reverting.
Set-up and real-traffic assessment of a data logger for vulnerable-road-user motion

Accounting for over 1.2 million yearly deaths, traffic accidents are the ninth cause of death worldwide. In Europe, over 20 percent of the fatalities are vulnerable road users (VRU). The scope of this thesis work was to develop and test a wearable data logging device able to acquire VRU and environmental information in real-traffic. Such device may be employed in the future 1) to better understand VRU behavior, 2) as a logging tool for naturalistic study on pedestrians, and 3) as a basis for the development of active safety systems hosted on VRU portable devices. A first prototype of the device has been implemented in this project. Such prototype is able to log data from inertial measurement units (IMUs), GPS, force sensors and video camera in any configuration. Further, this device is capable of real-time processing and is able to provide visual, acoustic, and haptic feedback to the user. In addition, the device is wireless capable, opening for a number of cooperative active safety applications. The device was successfully tested in real traffic with a simple active safety application which warned the user when initiating walking close to a zebra crossing without looking left and right first
Lower Bounds on Approximation Errors to Numerical Solutions of Dynamic Economic Models

We propose a novel methodology for evaluating the accuracy of numerical solutions to dynamic economic models. It consists in constructing a lower bound on the size of approximation errors. A small lower bound on errors is a necessary condition for accuracy: If a lower error bound is unacceptably large, then the actual approximation errors are even larger, and hence, the approximation is inaccurate. Our lower‐bound error analysis is complementary to the conventional upper‐error (worst‐case) bound analysis, which provides a sufficient condition for accuracy. As an illustration of our methodology, we assess approximation in the first‐ and second‐order perturbation solutions for two stylized models: a neoclassical growth model and a new Keynesian model. The errors are small for the former model but unacceptably large for the latter model under some empirically relevant parameterizations.
Ölçümleri Az Olan Kıyı Bölgelerinde Yağışın Yerel Dağılımının Belirlenmesi: Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi

Yagisin alandaki dagiliminin belirlenmesi, hidrolojik uygulamalarin ve su kaynaklarinin dogru degerlendirilmesi acisindan buyuk onem tasir. Ozellikle daglik ve/veya kiyi bolgelerde hem orografiyi hem de kiyi etkilerini yagisin dagilimini belirlemede hesaba katmak gerekebilir. Bu gerekliligi, daglik bolgelerde yagis gozlem istasyonlarinin az ve duzensiz olmasi zorlastirir. Bu calismada da, orografik yagis ozelligi gosterdigi bilinen ve sinirli sayida yagis gozlem istasyonuna sahip Dogu Karadeniz Bolgesinin kiyi kesimi icin yagis dagiliminin belirlenmesi amaclanmistir. Calisma, Dogu Karadeniz Bolgesinin kiyi kesimine ait yamaclardaki yagis dagiliminin temsilinde su dengesinin, kiyi ve vadilerdeki yagis dagiliminin temsilinde ise regresyon denklemlerinin birlestirilerek kullanilmasi acisindan bir ilktir.
Toeplitz graph decomposition

‎Let $n,,t_1,,ldots,,t_k$ be distinct positive integers‎. ‎A Toeplitz graph $G=(V‎, ‎E)$ is a graph with $V ={1,ldots,n}$ and‎ ‎$E= {(i,j)mid |i-j|in {t_1,ldots,t_k}}$‎. ‎In this paper‎, ‎we present some results on decomposition of Toeplitz graphs‎.
Internet Technology as a Tool in Customer Relationship Management

The Internet’s growth, particularly the World Wide Web, as an electronic medium of commerce has brought tremendous changes in market competition among various industries. For example, past researches have examined the impact of Internet technology on customer relationship management in various areas⎯in small and large firms, services and business-to-business companies. However, there remains a need to empirically examine the impact of implementing Internet technology on various dimensions of relationship management in South East Asia, particularly Malaysia. Primarily, the interest was led by traditional customer management economics⎯it costs the industry five times as much to acquire a new customer than to retain an existing one (Peppers and Rogers 1996). The results of this study indicate that click-and-mortar companies show a higher percentage of using the Internet technology for CRM compared to pure dotcom companies. There is a positive impact on the utilization of Internet technology on the CRM variables being studied. These findings may reflect a similar situation in other countries in South East Asia where the penetration rate of e-commerce is relatively low. The limitations and future directions of this research are also discussed and highlighted.