Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experiences from breeding for economic efficiency in dairy cattle in New Zealand

New Zealand dairy farmers use a number of performance indicators to describe their systems. Most of the performance indicators are scaled to a unit of feed or a proxy that relates a cow to a unit of feed, such as stocking rate or kilograms of live weight per tonne of feed. Genetic improvement of dairy cows can contribute to increasing the net income per unit of feed consumed. The current economic index for dairy cattle selection is the breeding worth (BW) which has units $/4.5t of dry matter (DM). The BW index includes metabolisable energy requirements calculated for milk production, maintenance, pregnancy, live weight loss and gain, and the rearing of replacements. Data from the national genetic evaluation system was used to examine the progress in selection for economic efficiency over the last 20 years. The first 10 years represented selection prior to BW. The genetic trend for milk solids yield has increased and the genetic trend for liveweight, while remaining positive, has decreased since the introduction of BW. Prior to the introduction of BW an extra kilogram of milk solids genetic gain was accompanied by an extra kilogram of genetic gain for liveweight. The change in the average milk production yield and liveweight over the last 10 years indicates that the average feed intake has increased by 9% and the partitioning of dry matter to milk production relative to maintenance has increased from 56% to 59%. Over the same period the genetic trend for body condition score (BCS) is essentially 0 BCS units/year. There is no evidence for increased body catabolism over this period, which is important because increasing biological efficiency with increasing body catabolism could result in fertility and health problems. Five key factors have been responsible for the success and high adoption rate of the breeding worth index. These factors are: the use of farm trials; the ability to compare all animals regardless of breed or breed cross; providing farmers with BW and production worth indexes for their cows; and improving the economic index to include the major components of profitability; an effective extension strategy. The future may require the BW to accommodate residual feed intake (RFI) and national genetic evaluation centres will need to consider how or if they integrate genomic selection breeding values in their systems.
A separator theorem for nonplanar graphs

Let G be an n-vertex graph with no minor isomorphic to an h- vertex complete graph. We prove that the vertices of G can be partitioned into three sets A, B, C such that no edge joins a vertex in A with a vertex in B, neither A nor B contains more than 2n/3 vertices, and C contains no more than h312n1"2 vertices. This extends a theorem of Lipton and Tarjan for planar graphs. We exhibit an algorithm which finds such a partition (A, B, C) in time O(h"l2n1"2m), where m = IV(G)} + JE(G)l . DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, SACKLER FACULTY OF EXACT SCIENCE, TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY, RAMAT AVIV, TEL AVIV 69978, ISRAEL BELLCORE, 445 SOUTH STREET, MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY 07960 DIMACS CENTER, HILL CENTER, BUSCH CAMPUS, RUTGERS UNIVERSITY, NEW BRUNSWICK, NEW JERSEY 08903 SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS, GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, ATLANTA, GEORGIA 30332 This content downloaded from 157.55. 39.207 on Thu, 20 Oct 2016 04:00:05 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor. org/terms
Bayesian Model Averaging and Jointness Measures for gretl

This paper presents a software package that implements Bayesian model averaging for gretl, the GNU regression, econometrics and time-series library. Bayesian model averaging is a model-building strategy that takes account of model uncertainty in conclusions about estimated parameters. It is an efficient tool for discovering the most probable models and obtaining estimates of their posterior characteristics. In recent years we have observed an increasing number of software packages devoted to Bayesian model averaging for different statistical and econometric software. In this paper, we propose the BMA package for gretl, which is an increasingly popular free, open-source software for econometric analysis with an easy-to-use graphical user interface. We introduce the BMA package for linear regression models with jointness measures proposed by Ley and Steel (2007) and Doppelhofer and Weeks (2009).
Publication Patterns of Ophthalmology ResidencyDissertations in Turkey

To investigate the frequency of converting a residency dissertation to a journal article in Turkey. To compare the different residency programs and their publications rates; to sub classify of dissertations according to sub-specialties. Ophthalmologists who graduated before 2010 conducted surveys. The surveys questions included graduation year, residency program, topic of the dissertations, type of the study (prospective, retrospective, or experimental), publication rate from the dissertations, and type of journal for published dissertations. Three-hundred-eight ophthalmologists conducted surveys. Fifty seven (18.5%) dissertations were published in SCI-Expanded Indexed journals (39 of them (23%) from the university hospital programs and 17 of them (13%) from state hospital programs (p=0.036)) and 97 of dissertations were published in national journals. 92 of 170 (54%) dissertations from the university based residency programs and 59 of 131 (45%) dissertations from the state hospital based residency programs were published in national journals or international journals indexed in the SCI-Expanded Index (p=0.17). A publication rate from dissertations was similar between big city university programs and small city university programs (23.3%; 22.6%). The most frequently studied topics of dissertations were cataract-refractive surgery (21.5%), followed by retina (21%), glaucoma (21%), cornea-anterior segment (19%), and strabismus (7%). Of the study design, 57% of them were prospective, 32% were retrospective, and 10.5% were experimental study. In this study, it seems to be that lesser than one fifth of Ophthalmology Residency dissertations in Turkey converted to journal articles in SCI-Expanded journals. It is obvious that the overall quality of the dissertations was inadequate to be published in indexed journals and it is necessary to take some measures to increase the scientific quality.
Advanced Map Optimalization Based on Eye-Tracking

Mapmakers and cartographers perceive maps differently than the target group of users. In the case map is created by someone else than a professional cartographer the process of making maps suffers by considerable degree of subjectivity. Despite the several-hundredyears effort of objectification of map making process, cartographers sometimes have difficulties to imagine the way how the user will use the map, especially the way of map perception, reading, analysis and interpretation [1]. Cartographers often lack the reasoning for the decision-making in balancing the map design and layout, designing a map symbology, choosing the cartographic method of visualization or level of generalization [2]. For these reasons it is necessary to carry out a research on user perception of maps.
Methods for Postprocessing in Single-Step Diffuse Optical Tomography

The methods of computed tomography – X-ray computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, single-photon emission computed tomography, positron emission tomography, ultrasonic reflectivity tomography and others (Webb, 1998) are now widely used in the practice of medical imaging and their importance increasingly grows. These methods allow the real time reproduction and visual analysis of the inner spatial structure of tissue on the display, which on whole helps increase the quality of diagnostics. However, in the context of problems to be resolved in oncology, the efficiency of currently available commercial tomography methods remains relatively low. One of the reasons is the lack of methods that would allow reliable differentiation between malignant and benign tumors on reconstructed tomograms. The recent clinical studies (Boas et al., 2001; Gibson et al., 2005) show that rapidly developing diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is very likely to help out. DOT is unique in its ability to separately reconstruct the spatial distributions of optical parameters (absorption and scattering coefficients) which helps visualize the spatial pattern of blood volume and oxygen saturation. As a result, it becomes possible to differentiate and spatially localize such phenomena as cancerous tissue vascularisation and angiogenesis and hence detect cancer in the early stage of its development. DOT implies that tissue is probed by near-infrared radiation from the so-called therapeutic window (700-900 nm) where absorption by tissue is minimal. Position dependent measurements are taken, i.e. near-infrared light from an array of sources is observed with an array of receivers. Then an inverse problem, i.e. the tomographic reconstruction problem is solved to infer the spatially localized optical properties of tissue. The main problem of DOT is the low spatial resolution because of the multiple scattering of photons that do not have regular trajectories and are distributed in the entire volume V being probed. As a result, each volume element significantly contributes to the detected signal. The basic equation of DOT is written as
On asymptotic behaviour of probabilities of small deviations for compound Cox processes

We derive logarithmic asymtotics for probabilities of small deviations for compound Cox processes in the space of trajectories. We find conditions under which these asymptotics are the same as those for sums of independent identically distributed random variables and homogeneous processes with independent increments. We show that if these conditions do not hold, the asymptotics of small deviations for compound Cox processes are quite different. The asymptotic behaviour of probabilities of small deviations has been investigated for various classes of stochastic processes. Asymptotics of probabilities of small deviations for sums of independent random variables and homogeneous processes with independent increments were found in Mogul'skii (1), Borovkov and Mogul'skii (2) and references therein. Note that the last class of processes includes stable, Poisson and compound Poisson processes. Various results for Gaussian processes and references may be found in surveys by Ledoux (3), Li and Shao (4) and Lifshits (5). Further results were obtained for various stochastic processes, generated by sums of random numbers of independent random variables. In this case, the number of summands is a stochastic process which is usually independent with the summands. Increments of such the processes may be dependent. These processes are called compound processes. Now we give definitions for some of them. Let X, X1 ,X 2 ,. be a sequence of independent, identically distributed random vari- ables. Put Sn = X1 + X2 + ··· + Xn for n 1 ,S 0 =0 . Let ν(t) be a standard Poisson process, independent with the sequence {Xk} . T hen the stochastic process η(t )= Sν(λt), λ> 0, is called a compound Poisson process. If δ(t) is a renewal process, independent with {Xk} ,t henζ(t )= Sδ(t) is called a compound renewal process. When the renewal times have an exponential distribution, the compound renewal process coincides with the compound Poisson process. Small deviations of the renewal and compound renewal processes has been studied in Frolov, Martikainen, Steinebach (6). Now we turn to the definition of the compound Cox process. We start with the defi- nition of a Cox process which we borrow from the paper of Embrechts and Kluppelberg (7). Let Λ(t), t> 0, be a random measure, i.e. a.s. (almost surely) Λ(0) = 0, Λ(t) 0a nd Λ(t) has non-decreasing trajectories. Assume that Λ(t) does not depend on the standard Poisson process ν(t). The point process N (t )= ν(Λ(t)) is called a Cox process. If, in particular, the trajectories of Λ(t) are continuous a.s. , then for every
Delay Asymmetry Correction Model for IEEE 1588 Synchronization Protocol

The thesis proposes a delay asymmetry correction (DAC) model to enhance the IEEE 1588 synchronization protocol. The purpose of this work is to mitigate the effects of unpredictable packet delay variations (PDV), which cause asymmetric link delays on timing packets, in order to improve the synchronization accuracy of the slave clock with respect to the master clock. This is done by computing the time difference between the master and the slave clock asymmetric communication link delays. The NS-2 results indicate that the proposed solution achieves high synchronization accuracy of the slave clock in the presence of various bi-directional traffic loads, network congestions, and temporary network outage. Furthermore, the solution also improves the slave accuracy when there is a routing path change due to the failure in the network. However, the proposed solution does not perform well when it is incorporated with the AOCM model.
Validation and Comparison of a Novel Screening Guideline for Kidney Disease: KEEPing SCORED

the depression measure. Finally, Type D patients had a greater risk for cardiac death or MI compared with non– Type D patients (7 of 98 [7%] vs 5 of 239 [2%]; odds ratio, 4.84 [95% confidence interval, 1.42-16.52]; P=.01); depression was not related to this end point (P=.25). These findings show that Type D personality may have unique prognostic value beyond that of depressive symptoms. Only one-third of distressed patients with CAD had both a Type D personality and were depressed (28% had Type D personality and were nondepressed and 37% had a depressed and non–Type D personality), Type D personality was associated with a 3-fold increased risk of MACE, controlling for depression, and Type D personality but not depression predicted MACE, adjusting for disease severity. Another study also showed that Type D personality was associated with increased cortisol levels in patients with CAD, whereas depression as assessed by the BDI was not. Hence, Type D personality is more than just a marker of depression and should be assessed in its own right in patients with CAD.
Influence of microwave- and ultrasound-assisted extraction on bioactive compounds from pollen

The development of functional foods is increasingly essential in our society due to the prevention of many diseases. Among the functional foods are those that contain antioxidant activity. Bee pollen is very rich in phenolic and non-phenolic compounds with high antioxidant capacity. In this work, the antioxidant properties of bee pollen extracts obtained by Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) were studied. Marked differences were found between both methods. The content of total polyphenols was higher in the extracts obtained by MAE, and the antioxidant activity was higher in those obtained by UAE.
Brand Piracy By Franchisees

This research explores the situation in which a franchisee exits the franchise system but continues to operate independently. This action is a form of brand piracy as the former franchisee exploits the intellectual property of the franchisor. A franchisor, a former franchisee and a current franchisee from six franchise systems were interviewed in order to obtain diametrical viewpoints. It was concluded that brand piracy has serious implications in franchising because operators were continuing to use the franchise's intellectual property and customer base, with potential damaging effects on the franchisor brand and system.
USE OF “ FSFI ” TO ASSESS THE SEXUAL FUNCTION OF WOMEN AFTER GYNAECOLOGICAL CANCER TREATMENT : SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is common in gynaecological cancer survivors after chemotherapy, radiotherapy and drug therapy. All cancers have the potential to affect sexual function; however, gynaecological cancer represents greater risks for sexual dysfunction and is the second most common cancer in the world. Nevertheless, cervical cancer remains the most frequent among women, with estimates for Brazil of 260,640 new cases among females. There was a twofold increase in the incidence of gynecological cancer in developing countries already in 2013. Most changes due from treatment affect sexuality negatively such as vaginal dryness and stenosis, dyspareunia and vaginal shortening, arousal disorders, among others. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) was developed by Rosen and colleagues to assess female sexual function, which has been used for different populations: women with chronic pelvic pain, pregnancy, postmenopausal and those with vulvovaginal candidiasis. This is a brief scale that assesses female sexual function, consisting on a self-report of six major areas: orgasm, desire, arousal, satisfaction, lubrication and pain, arranged into 19 questions. Acta Medica Mediterranea, 2015, 31: 697
Response of Growth, PSII Photochemistry and Chlorophyll Content to Salt Stress in Four Brassica Species

Salinity is a common constrain to crop productivity around the globe. To assessed salinity effects on growth, PSII photochemistry, and Chlorophyll content of Brassica species differing in salt tolerance in order to clarify whether growth inhibition of Brassica species under saline conditions was attributable to PSII photochemistry, Seedlings of mustard (Brassica juncea L.), cauliflower (Brassica oleracea botrytis L.) canola (Brassica napus L.) and two cabbage (Brassica oleracea capitata L) varieties were grown in saline condition at salt stress of 0, 50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl. Root weight, shoot weight, and leaf area considerably reducedas the level of salt increase in saline medium while there was no change in leaf water content. Salt stress induced a significant decrease in the maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), electron transport rate, and photochemical quenching coefficient of chlorophyll fluorescence (qP) in all Brassica species while Fo/Fm ratio increased significantly with higher salt concentration. Chlorophyll (Chl) content significantly decreased with the increase in salinity in cauliflower, whereas a significant increase was observed in other Brassica species. Linear regression revealed a significant negative relationship between salinity and growth, Fv/Fm, electron transport rate and qP. There was also a positive relationship between salinity and Fo/Fm ratio. Multiple regression equations developed to predict the relationship between the growth and PSII photochemistry have shown that the dry weight of root and shoot had a significant positive correlation with Fv/Fm and electron transport rate, but a significant negative correlation with Fo/Fm ratio and photochemical quenching coefficient. It was concluded that plant growth had strong relationship with PSII photochemistry in Brassica species. [JamilM, Shafiq R, Rha ES. Response of Growth, PSII Photochemistry, and Chlorophyll Content to Salt Stress in four Brassica Species. Life Sci J 2014;11(3):139-145]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 19
Induction of Skin Ulcers in Atlantic Menhaden by Injection and Aqueous Exposure to the Zoospores of Aphanomyces invadans

Abstract The infectivity and role of Aphanomyces invadans in the etiology of skin ulcers in Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus were investigated with two laboratory challenges. In the first experiment, Atlantic menhaden received subcutaneous injections with secondary zoospores from one of three cultures of Aphanomyces: WIC (an endemic isolate of A. invadans in Atlantic menhaden from the Wicomico River, Maryland), PA7 (an isolate of A. invadans from striped snakehead Channa striata (also known as chevron snakehead), infected with epizootic ulcerative syndrome from Thailand), and ATCC-62427 (an isolate from Atlantic menhaden from North Carolina). Fish were injected with 1.9 × 102 (WIC-low), 1.9 × 103 (WIC-high), 5.2 × 102 (PA7), or 6.0 × 102 (ATCC-62427) zoospores and held in static water at 23.5°C (6‰ salinity) for 21 d. Both low and high doses of WIC caused incipient, granulomatous lesions after 5 d. Fish injected with the high-dose WIC died within 7 d. All fish injected with the low-dose WIC were dead.
EFFECT OF STARCH-POLYPHENOL INTERACTIONS ON STARCH HYDROLYSIS

EFFECT OF STARCH-POLYPHENOL INTERACTIONS ON STARCH HYDROLYSIS Igor Guzar Advisor: University of Guelph, 2012 Dr. Koushik Seetharaman Phenolic compounds have attracted much attention due to numerous health benefits, including high antioxidant properties, reduced risk of cancer, and inhibition of digestive enzymes. Recent research has suggested that different phenolic compounds may interact with starch. The first objective was to investigate the effect of green or black tea extracts on hydrolysis of wheat, rice, corn, and potato starches. Cooking starches in the presence of either tea reduced their hydrolysis. Potato starch cooked with black tea was the most effective treatment. Observations suggested that hydrolysis may be affected by interactions and by impact on specific enzymes based on starch structure. The second objective was to determine if similar effect could be observed in product system. Addition of green tea extract to sponge cake significantly reduced in vitro starch digestibility, thus could reduce the expected glycemic index. In addition, significant increases in dietary fibre, resistant starch, and antioxidant properties were observed.
The role of perceived competence in the motivation of physical activity.

Understanding the role of perceived competence in the motivation of sport and physical activity is an importan1 endeavor. This study attempted to examine the role of perceived competence by (a) investigating its relationship with goal orientations as hypothesized by Nicholls's theory of achievement motivation, and (b) testing a proposed model linking goal orientations and motivated behavior. Students (N = 174) completed questionnaires assessing goal orientations, perceived competence, intrinsic interest, and effort. Regression analyses revealed that task orientation was a good predictor of effort; however, the interaction of ego orientation and perceived competence failed to adequately predict effort. Path analysis results revealed that task goal orientation, but not ego orientation, directly influenced perceived competence, intrinsic interest, and effort. In addition, intrinsic interest played a mediating role between perceived competence and effort and between task goal orientation and effort.