Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Decreased Expression of MYH in Oral Cancer

BACKGROUND: Oral cancer is one of the fastest increasing malignancies in Taiwan. An estimated 2 million Taiwanese are habitual chewers of betel quid, which contains many known carcinogens, capable of inducing DNA mutation and predisposes chewers to oral cancer. Defects in MYH, a DNA repair enzyme, are present and linked to colorectal cancer in patients with adenomatous polyposis coli. This study aimed to compare the expression of MYH in non-cancerous and cancerous oral tissues from betel quid chewers. METHODS: MYH expression in different types of oral tissue from patients with oral cancer and habitual betel quid chewing was measured using immunohistochemistry and western blot. RESULTS: MYH expression in cancerous tissue, compared to that in neighboring normal oral mucosa from the same patients, increased in 8 patients (8/62), similar in 25 (25/62), and decreased in 29 (29/62). MYH expression in papilloma, a benign neoplasm, increased (3/3) in all patients; expression in leukoplakia, a premalignant lesion, increased (2/4), or remained similar (2/4), compared to that in neighboring normal mucosa. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS: MYH expression level remains similar or increased in oral tissue undergoing histological changes leading to either papilloma or leukoplakia. On the other hand, the expression is impaired in half of the patients diagnosed of oral cancer. MYH expression may be important in the prevention as oral carcinogenesis in habitual betel quid chewers.
Rational Bubbles in the Korea Stock Market? Further Evidence based on Nonlinear and Nonparametric Cointegration Tests

In this study, we revisit the issue as to the presence of Rational Bubbles in the Korea stock market during the May 1996 to November 2007 period using three cointegration tests, namely JJ (Johansen and Juselius, 1990), KSS (Kapetanois et al., 2006) and BN (Bierens, 1997, 2004) approaches. The results from the conventional JJ test support the existence of rational bubbles, whereas those from both nonlinear test of KSS and nonparametric test of BN attest to the absence of rational bubbles in the Korea stock market.
Detailed images and distance measurements for eighteen dwarf irregular galaxies in the Canes Venatici cloud

In the Canes Venatici cloud, eighteen dwarf irregular galaxies were observed in B; V bands at the Nordic Optical Telescope under a seeing of one arc- sec. Most of the galaxies having radial velocities V0 < 500 km/s have been resolved into stars for the rst time. The galaxy distances were derived based on photome- try of their brightest blue stars. Distances to some of the galaxies: UGC 6782, UGC 7131 and, probably, K 215, which are located at the CVn southern edge, were es- timated to be about 15 Mpc, which is typical of the Virgo cluster outskirts. For two LSB galaxies, K 200 and K 215, the distances may be overestimated, probably be- cause of a lack of young massive stars. For the remaining galaxies: UGC 7559, UGC 7599, UGC 7605, UGC 7639, UGC 7698, UGCA 290, UGCA 292, UGC 7866, UGC 8024, UGC 8638, UGC 8651, UGC 8760, and UGC 8833 the estimated distances range from 2.3 to 8.0 Mpc, indicating their actual membership in the CVn cloud. Several objects studied here (UGC 7605, UGC 7639, UGC 8638, UGC 8833) have a well-resolved bluish core and regular yellow outer parts, which may point to composite (new and old) populations. The galaxy UGCA 292 = CVn dwA has unusual global parameters: (B V )T=+0.08, MT = 11:4, M(HI)=LB =6 M=L andM(HI)=MT =0 :7, being, perhaps, one of the youngest known objects in the Local Universe.
Refusal to be tested for HIV and the likelihood of infection: a potential but unlikely source of bias in community-based studies of HIV prevalence.

Population-based studies involving HIV serostatus testing are regularly used to evaluate HIV prevalence estimates derived from ANC sentinel surveillance sites or to provide alternative estimates altogether. Bias in community-based estimates is however also plausible because of shortcomings in the sampling frame and non-response due to population mobility and/or refusal. In this paper we investigate the association between refusal and HIV infection in a large governmental hospital in Addis Ababa and via a comparison of ordinary regression and regression models that account for sample selection we quantify the magnitude of the ensuing bias in HIV prevalence estimates. We find that refusal is indeed correlated with the likelihood of infection but the resulting bias in HIV prevalence estimates - in our study population as well as in community-based studies - is likely to be negligible. The latter will depend in great part on the study protocol and informed consent procedures. We also find that consent for testing increased since the introduction of antiretroviral treatment. (authors)
Homework-Based Learning in The Teaching of Adjective Clause at English Education Program

Despite the various methods in delivering the subject of adjective clause, preference of the method and approach must be relevant to the objective the study. The objectives range from attitude, knowledge, and skill. In the learning process of adjective clause, the objective types are affective and cognitive. Deductive approach is the most appropriate approach and homework-based learning is assumed to be relevant with the approach. Approach may be enclosed in the syllabus and the teachers have preferences to apply the most suitable approach. The approaches of teaching language emphasize on the theory of learning, how to learn and how to teach it. Applying the approach, an adjective clause theory starts with the presentation of the rule and it is followed by the practice. The procedure of teaching is based on the homework. This homework-based learning method applies several techniques of teaching simultaneously.
On the Comparative Study of Some Numerical Methods for Vanilla Option Valuation

This paper presents some numerical methods for vanilla option valuation namely binomial tree model, Crank Nicolson method and Monte Carlo method. Binomial model is widely used in the finance community for numerical valuation of a wide variety of option models, due primarily to its ease of implementation and pedagogical appeal. Crank Nicolson approach seeks the discretization of the differential operators in the continuous Black Scholes model. Monte Carlo method simulates the random movement of the asset prices and provides a probabilistic solution to the option pricing models. We discuss the strengths, drawbacks and the performance of the methods under consideration. However, binomial model is the most accurate and converges faster than its two counterparts; Crank Nicolson method and Monte Carlo method.
Risk factors and possibility of prevention in pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer is an uncommon tumor but is chara cterized by extremely aggressive behaviour, has a high fatality rate with on overall 5 years survival r te under 4 %. Beside age, race and genetic facto rs (germline mutations, genetic polymorphisms), several lifestyl and environmental factors have been reported to c ontribute to the development of this disease. The etiology of pancreatic cancer remains partial unknowed, in con sequency the prevention is difficult to accomplish. There ar no entirely effective screening strategies curren tly available. For high-risk individuals, with a strong family his tory of pancreatic cancer or genetic syndrome, scre ening techniques such as magnetic resonance or endoscopic ult rasound guided fine-needle aspiration is the only a pproach to detect precancerous or early cancerous changes.
Performance, water intake, carcass characteristics and intestinal histomorphology of broilers supplemented with phytase

A 32-day experiment was conducted to study the effects of supplementation of phytase enzyme, Ronozyme (R) HiPhos (DSM Nutritional Products, Basel, Switzerland), on the production parameters, water intake, intestinal histomorphology, carcass characteristics and bone mineralization of broiler chickens. A total of 1920 one-day-old Cobb 500 broilers were randomly allocated to one of three treatments, each comprising eight replicate cages (eight replications per treatment) with 80 birds per cage. Dietary treatments were created using a standard commercial diet as the positive control (CON); reducing the nutrient content of the CON diet with values similar to the matrix values of 1500 FYT (phytase units) Ronozyme (R) HiPhos to create the negative control diet (NEG); and supplementing the NEG diet with 1500 FYT/kg Ronozyme HiPhos to create the phytase diet (HiPhos). Supplementation of the NEG diet with HiPhos significantly improved average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), bodyweight (BVV) at slaughter and the European production efficiency factor (EPEF) of broilers compared with those in the NEG treatment group, but had no effect on total feed intake, water intake, villi height, crypt depth, dressing percentage, portion yields, pH of the meat or colour of the meat. Fat-free bone ash percentage and tibia breaking strength of broilers in the HiPhos treatment group were intermediate to broilers in the NEG and CON treatment groups. Results from the study proved that broilers could be supplemented with HiPhos phytase without detrimental effects on growth parameters, bone mineralization, carcass characteristics and water intake.
Phenomenological methodology: crafting the story of Scotland’s creative social enterprises

Drawing on research that considers the contributions of qualitative methods in developing entrepreneurship theories, this paper discusses narrative inquiry, and inclusive dramaturgical devices such as storytelling, improvisation, and intention, for advancing knowledge about creative social enterprises. The paper explores the methodological pertinence of developing a creative praxis to explore the hybrid space of creative social enterprise. To date, little attention has been paid to the critically reflexive importance of engaging in a creative praxis for entrepreneurship theory building. To address this, the paper explores a nascent entrepreneurial phenomenon, creative social enterprise, by engaging in the living experiences and social interactions of a group of creative social entrepreneurs. As such, the paper embraces an embedded, creative praxis for understanding entrepreneurial phenomenon.
Industrious Selection: Explaining Five Revolutions and Two Divergences in Eurasian Economic History within a Unified Growth Framework

We develop a unified growth theory with Industrious Selection to explain the Five Revolutions in the development process (Agricultural Revolution, Structural Transformation, Industrial Revolution, Industrious Revolution, Demographic Revolution) and the Two Divergences in Eurasia (Little Divergence, Great Divergence) in AD0-AD2000. Industrious Selection refers to industrious (hardworking and cooperative) individuals gradually dominating the population composition through labor-leisure optimization and income effect on births. It raises working hours, improves production efficiency and accelerates development. The Black Death expedited Industrious Selection in late-Medieval Europe. Together with the population scale effect, the theory reconciles the British development process and Eurasian economic divergence during AD0-AD2000.
Is Apolitical Endeavor Desirable in Local Government Authorities Today

This article aimed at ascertaining the role of councilors in enhancing public service delivery in local government authorities with an experience from selected wards at Kinondoni Municipal Council. Politico-administrative relations in provision of public services in most African countries termed as a quest for development and still desirable today. In attempt to that, this article assessed whether an ingredient of political bodies in the structure of local government authorities in Tanzania enhance effective service delivery or not. The study employed a case study design where questionnaire, key informant interview and documentary review were used to gather data. The study revealed that councilors’ capacity to deliver public services depends on the budget allocation by sector, relationship with municipal permanent officers, quality or education level of councilors, and efforts to supervise development projects. Moreover, the findings found that the extent to access the identified public services differ among communities and lack of funds was singled out as the main reason for delivery failures.
Managing Dilemmas in Education: The Tightrope Walk of Strategic Choice in More Autonomous Institutions.

This paper applies Cuban's (1992) concept of "managing dilemmas" to the current market-based reforms in English and Welsh education at both the macro (policy) and, particularly, at the micro (individual and school) levels. The Parental and School Choice Interaction (PASCI) Study is currently investigating the interaction between parental choice and school decision making, in particular, how secondary schools respond to competition and how parents react to these responses. The 3-year case study, which began in 1993, is examining 3 different areas: an urban area in northern England, a town with a history of school competition, and a semirural area. Each of these areas resembles a "local competitive area," in which secondary schools draw from a common population of parents. This paper offers examples of strategic choice dilemmas drawn from three schools in the northern urban area. The examples suggest that dilemmas can be addressed through "striking a balance," through attempting to reconcile apparent opposites. Managing school effectiveness requires at least three delicate balancing acts, which involves seeking to reconcile: (1) the complex, fluid, and uncertain environment with the school's unique culture as a social institution; (2) strategic planning with daily problem-solving; and (3) creativity with accountability and discipline. The concept of "striking a balance" or "managing paradox" provides a rationale for including structured reflective approaches in management-development programs and suggests how indecisiveness at the school level can be avoided. Schools, however, should recognize the varying degrees of severity of different dilemma-filled situations, and not fall prey to simple solutions. Contains 40 references. (LMI) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************
ADEMU WORKING PAPER SERIES When Fiscal Consolidation Meets Private Deleveraging

We analyze the interaction between fiscal consolidations and private sector deleveraging in an economy inside a monetary union. Pre-existing long-term collateralized private debt a core ingredient of the deleveraging process plays a critical role in shaping fiscal multipliers. By buffering the short-run fall in debtors ́ spending capacity, long-run private debt reduces the shortrun multipliers of aggressive (large and/or fast) consolidations. However, absent credibility concerns, aggressive consolidations raise the intensity and length of private deleveraging, causing higher output losses over the medium-run. In terms of discounted output losses and welfare, this latter effect dominates, so that larger and faster consolidations are relatively costlier than smaller and more gradual ones. Also, in this environment, alternative budgetary instruments generate sizable differences in terms of their incidence on private deleveraging dynamics and, hence, on their overall output costs of fiscal consolidations. _________________________ †University of Valencia. Email: javier.andres@uv.es. ŦBanco de España. Email: o.arce@bde.e ŧ Banco de España. Email: carlos.thomas@bde.es
Multiobjective Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for S-box Optimization

Substitution box (S-box) is an important nonlinear component in block cipher algorithms. Evaluating the cryptographic properties of an S-box requires attention to criteria such as nonlinearity, differential properties, and diffusion properties. In this paper, Artificial Bee Colony algorithm was introduced for global optimization of random S-boxes, using Pareto improvement to identify highly profitable solutions. The experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, which simultaneously optimized their nonlinearity, differential properties, and diffusion properties. The proposed model thus offers a new tool for the optimization of random S-boxes.
Variables Influencing Premarital Sex among Secondary School Adolescents in Anambra State, Nigeria

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and variables influencing pre-marital sex among secondary school adolescents in Anambra State of Nigeria. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among secondary school adolescents in Anambra State. Data was collected using a pre-tested, structured, self-administered questionnaire. Respondents were selected using a multistage sampling technique. The instrument used for data collection in the study was the Secondary School Student Sex Variables Questionnaire (SSSVQ) which was constructed by the researcher. A total of 955 respondents were surveyed. More than half of the respondents (54.8%) are aged between 14 and 17 years of age. The prevalence of pre-marital sex among the respondents was 66.6%. Among the 636 respondents who have had pre-marital sex, 500 (78.6%) were males, while 136 (21.4%) were females (X2=0.010, df=1, p=0.010). It was concluded that that the incidence of pre-marital sex among secondary school adolescents is high. It was recommended that Nurses who are in charge of school health clinics should counsel the adolescents on the dangers of pre-marital sex and also provide them with skills to be able to take the right decisions and parents and guardians should re-examine and sharpen their parenting skills with a view to instilling the desired strong moral and disciplinary attitudes in the youths.
An Optimization Approach for Unit Commitment of a Power System Integrated with Renewable Energy Sources: A Case Study of Afghanistan

This paper focused on generation scheduling problem with consideration of wind, solar and PHES (pumped hydro energy storage) system. Wind, solar and PHES are being considered in the NEPS (northeast power system) of Afghanistan to schedule all units power output so as to minimize the total operation cost of thermal units plus aggregate imported power tariffs during the scheduling horizon, subject to the system and unit operation constraints. Apart from determining the optimal output power of each unit, this research also involves in deciding the on/off status of thermal units. In order to find the optimal values of the variables, GA (genetic algorithm) is proposed. The algorithm performs efficiently in various sized thermal power system with equivalent wind, solar and PHES and can produce a high-quality solution. Simulation results reveal that with wind, solar and PHES the system is the most-cost effective than the other combinations.
Geoelectrical prospection of disseminated sulfide mineral occurrences in Camaquã Sedimentary Basin, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

The mineral exploration is a complex activity that should involve a combination of direct and indirect techniques of geological investigation. The growing demand for base metals in the national and international market provides the revaluation of mineral occurrences that can become deposits and mines. This paper presents the results of the electrical resistivity and induced polarization geophysical methods in azimuthal arrangement, applied in a mineral occurrence of disseminated copper sulfides, previously studied through trenches and core drilling, located in the Camaqua Sedimentary Basin, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The inversion models indicate the coincidence of high chargeability and low resistivity values. The integration of geophysical data permitted the elaboration of 3D attributes visualization models for the mineralization enclosed in volcanic tuffs. The integrated geophysical and geological analysis indicates the potential of a new mineralized area.
Aging-related diseases and autophagy

Autophagy is fundamental, evolutionary conserved physiological process at molecular level which targets long-lived cytosolic proteins and organelles to be recycled through lysosomal degradation. Diminished autophagic activity caused cellular stress in many organisms following aging, and inhibition of autophagy in model organisms causes degenerative changes and pathologic diseases observed with high incidence ratio generally in older ages. Consequently the delayed senescence or increased longevity in model organisms often stimulate autophagy, and autophagy inhibition compromises anti-aging effects. The cytoprotective function of autophagy is presented in various human diseases such as lung, liver, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, myopathies, cancer, stroke, infections and metabolic diseases which are found associated with autophagic targets. These pathologies are defined with their age-dependent characteristics, is not fully understood that how autophagy network regulates metabolism and may cause diseases in age-related manner. In this book chapter, we are going to discuss the autophagy and aging relationship in three different parts. In the first section autophagy and aging relationship is going to be presented through explaining responsible signalling network. The autophagy and age-related neurological disorders, genetic basis of age-dependent diseases and the functional role of autophagy is going to be discussed in the second and third part of the chapter.
Validation of a Confocal Light Sheet Microscope using Push Broom Translation for Biomedical Applications

There exists a need for research of optical methods capable of image cytometry suitable for pointof-care technology. To propose am optical approach with no moving parts for simplification of mechanical components for the further development of the technology to the poin-of-care, a linear sensor with push broom translation method. Push broom translation is a method of moving objects by the sensor for an extended field of view. A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic chamber with a syringe pump was used to deliver objects by the sensor. The volumetric rate of the pump was correlated to the integration time of the sensor to ensure images were realistically being formed, termed aspect ratio. An electro-chemical microfluidic system was then also investigated, redox-magnetohydrodynamics (R-MHD), to eliminate the mechanical syringe pump which showed deviations in linear speeds at the specimen plane. To image with adequate signal to background ratio within the deep chamber of the R-MHD device, an epitaxial light sheet confocal microscope (e-LSCM) was used to improve axial resolution. The linear sensor, having small pixels, blocked out-of-plane light while eliminating the need for a mechanical aperture which is used for traditional point-scanning confocal microscopy. The particular linear sensor used has binning modes that were used to vary the axial resolution by increasing the sensor aperture. This approach was validated by using a mirror translated in the axial direction and measuring remitted light intensity. The resulting curve estimated the real axial resolution of the microscope, which compared favorably to theoretical values. The R-MHD and the e-LSCM were then synchronized to perform continuous imaging of fluorescent microspheres and cells in suspension. This study combines epitaxial light sheet confocal microscopy and electro-chemical microfluidics as a robust approach which could be used in future point-of-care image cytometry applications.