Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial density, average prices and price dispersion. Evidence from the Spanish hotel industry

Based on the assumption that location is especially relevant in the lodging industry, we exploit a dataset of Spanish hotels to examine the relationship between spatial competition and retail price level and dispersion. Our results support the hypothesis that a greater density of competitors implies both a lower level and less dispersion of retail prices. We find that close competitors, in terms of hotel category and distance, have a stronger effect on price setting behavior. Moreover, we report weak evidence that the relationship between spatial competition and price level depends on whether the day considered belongs to the midweek or the weekend. Therefore, variation in the type of consumers seems to play quite an important role in explaining the relationship. Partiendo del supuesto de que la localizacion es especialmente relevante para el sector del alojamiento, utilizamos una base de datos de hoteles espanoles para examinar la relacion entre competencia espacial y el nivel y la dispersion de los precios de las habitaciones. Nuestros resultados confirman la hipotesis de que una mayor densidad de competidores implica niveles de precios menores y menor dispersion de precios. Los competidores cercanos, ya lo sean en terminos de categoria hotelera como de distancia, tienen una mayor influencia sobre la fijacion de precios. Adicionalmente, encontramos evidencia debil acerca de que la relacion entre competencia espacial y el nivel de precios depende de si el dia considerado es laborable o corresponde al fin de semana. Por tanto, las variaciones en el tipo de consumidores parecen tener un papel importante en la explicacion de esta relacion.
Provisional Admission and other Predictors of Attrition in a Graduate Program in Education

This study was designed to identify predictors of attrition of graduate students in education, with inclusion of a previously unexamined predictor, provisional admission. The pre-admission predictors considered were undergraduate grade point average, Graduate Record Examination scores, Miller Analogies Test scores, and Georgia Assessment for the Certification of Educators scores. The post-admission predictors considered were number of semesters provisionally admitted, semester of entry, graduate grade point average, and number of course failures. Using binary logistic regression for data obtained from institutional records of 439 students in a graduate education program, no statistically significant pre-admission predictors of graduation were found. The number of semesters provisionally admitted, graduate grade point average, and number of course failures were statistically significant postadmission predictors. In terms of policy implications, limiting the number of terms under which a student may remain provisionally admitted and limiting the number of course failures under which a student may be retained in a program may help reduce student attrition.
Advancing theory development in venture creation: signposts for understanding gender

Women are one of the fastestgrowing populations of entrepreneurs worldwide and make a significant contribution to employment, innovation and economic growth in all economies (Kelley et al., 2011). The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) shows that 126 million women in 67 economies started and managed businesses in 2012, representing more than 52 per cent of the world’s population and 84 per cent of the world’s gross domestic product (GDP) (Kelley et al., 2013). Another 98 million women across these regions ran businesses they launched at least three years ago. Yet, in nearly all of the 67 economies the rate of men’s venture creation is higher than that of women (Kelley et al., 2013). This raises questions as to why the rate of men’s venture creation exceeds that of women, and what factors explain these differences. Theory development exploring the role of gender in venture creation and sources of possible differences between men and women in this process is limited. Notwithstanding a growing body of literature and notable initiatives (namely the Diana Project, which since 1999 has worked to grow research in the field), there remains a comparative paucity of theoretically grounded research on the topic (Brush et al., 2010b; Hughes et al., 2012; Sullivan and Meek, 2012). Without theory development regarding gender in entrepreneurship, we lack strong conceptual foundations for exploring variation in venture creation and growth between male and female entrepreneurs, and among groups of women (Jennings and Brush, 2013). A brief review of the literature shows that most current frameworks of venture creation are approached from an objective economic perspective, less often considering the influence of social settings, such as family and household, culture and context (Aldrich and Cliff, 2003; Bird and Brush,
Evaluation of selected trace metals in some hypertensive subjects in a tertiary health institution in Southwest Nigeria.

Published reports on the possible roles of trace metals in the aetiology of primary hypertension have not been consistent. This study investigated the possible aetiological role of zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) and selenium (Se) in primary hypertension. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) was used to determine the serum levels of Zn, Cu, Mn and Se in 45 patients with primary hypertension (stage I and stage II) and 47 apparently healthy control subjects (normotensives and pre-hypertensives). Both patients and control subjects were classified based on the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7). The weight, height and blood pressure of all subjects were measured and their body mass indices (BMI) computed. The mean serum zinc concentration was significantly higher in the patients with hypertension than in the control subjects (135.78 ± 9.10 vs 130.80 ± 12.50 μg/ml, p = 0.032). However, serum levels of copper (68.16 ± 3.72 vs 68.53 ± 5.33 μg/dl, p = 0.697), manganese (63.11 ± 4.40 vs 62.87 ± 4.59 μg/dl, p = 0.800) and selenium (75.91 ± 5.66 vs 78.13 ± 5.92 μg/L, p = 0.070) were not statistically different between the patients and the control subjects. This study did not show any gender-, age- or obesity-related differences in serum level of zinc, copper, manganese and selenium. Elevated level of serum zinc may play an aetiological role in subjects with primary hypertension. However, further studies will be necessary to define the roles of trace elements in the aetiology of primary hypertension in these individuals. Keyword : hypertension; zinc; manganese; copper; selenium.
Nye dimensioner for sorte huller

ar en meget tung stjerne har opbrugt sit nukleare materiale, ender typisk livet med en gigantisk supernovaeksplosion. Hvis massen i den centrale region er storre end en kritisk vaerdi, s˚ a vil stjernen forsvinde i morket og i stedet ende som et sort hul. Et beromt eksempel p˚ a dette er den morke ledsager til en rontgen dobbeltstjerne i konstellationen Cygnus. Denne galaktiske rontgenkilde kaldet Cygnus X-1 formodes at inkludere et sort hul med en vaegt svarende til cirka 9 solmasser og den er cirka 6.000 lys˚ ar vaek. Mere imponerende eksempler p˚ a sorte huller kan man finde i midten af galakser, for eksempel vores egen galakse Maelkevejen. S˚
Influence of managerial ownership, debt policy, profitability, firm size, and free cash flow on dividend policy: A study in Indonesian manufacturing industries

Findings: After using multiple linear regression, this research found that only the free cash flow has a significant and positive impact on dividend policy. Managerial ownership has a significant negative effect on dividend policy. Debt policy and firm size did not have a significant negative effect on dividend policy. Profitability did not have a significant positive effect on dividend policy. Dominant factor that affected dividend policy is the company’s free cash flow.
Changes in Student Teacher Perceptions of the Student Teacher-Cooperating Teacher Relationship throughout the Student Teaching Semester.

The purpose of the study was to explore student teacher perceptions of the student teacher/ cooperating teacher relationship throughout the student teaching experience. The target population of this study consisted of preservice agricultural education students at Texas AM 2) the last day of the block; 3) the midpoint of the 11-week student teaching experience; and 4) the end of the 11-week student teaching experience. Two measures were examined: 1) the student teachers’ perceptions of the importance of the relationship and 2) the student teachers’ perceptions about the current level of relationship exhibited by their cooperating teachers. The typical student teacher in this study would be a 22 year old white female completing an undergraduate degree. The student teachers’ perceptions of the importance of the relationship between student teacher/cooperating teacher did not change. However, the student teachers’ perceptions of their cooperating teacher’s current level decreased during the student teaching experience.
THE LAST GENERATION OF ELECTRONIC STETHOSCOPES: THE INTERNET TELE-STETHOSCOPE

This paper deals with the problem of objectification in cardio-pulmonary auscultation, simple, not-invasive and essential diagnostic test, but currently not objectifiable, and the ability to perform real-time teleauscultation in order to improve the diagnostic potential of tele- medicine, at present mainly limited to the teleelectrocardiography, the teleconsultation and the sending of delayed reports. For this purpose, a medical device, named Internet Tele-Stethoscope, consisting of hardware and software, has been designed and successfully validated . Keywords- Electronic stethoscope, chest auscultation, lung sounds, heart sounds, teleauscultation, teleconsultation, telemedicine, home care
Impact of recreational physical activity on women's mental and physical health and quality of life

Hypokinesia is characterized by high expansion and indicates the necessity of physical activity promotion. The aim of the study was to point out the positive effect of physical activity, by examining the impact of recreational physical activity on women's mental and physical health and quality of life. The study included 87 healthy women, 30 in aerobics group, 30 in yoga group and 27 in a group of physically inactive women aged 20-26 years. The level of physical activity, health and psychological status and quality of life in women were measured by anonymous questionnaire. The results were correlated between the three groups of participants and between active and inactive women. Recreational physical activity proved to be a good way to improve overall health and quality of life. Exercise reduces tension, stress, nervousness and irritability, improves the mood and sleep quality.
Facebook: privacy and security perceptions of millennials and non-millennials

Nowadays, more and more people are using social networking sites (SNS). It has often been assumed that the younger generation is more inclined to share information as they do not know the consequences of their behavior towards social media. Firstly, this study examines the relationship between privacy and security perception, and social media behavior specifically attitude to and trust in Facebook, and willingness to provide personal information. Afterwards, it is examined how age will affect the aforementioned relationship. To gather data, we conducted a survey using measurements from established published research. The results reveal that both generations have the same perception in term of privacy and security; however it is remarkable that the older generation has more positive attitude towards Facebook than the younger generation although are still cautious when it comes to sharing information.
A High Order Relativistic Particle Push Method for PIC Simulations

Within the particle treatment module in a PIC code the particle push algo- rithm computes the changes in the velocity and position of a particle. For these calculations with an effective order of convergence up to 2 only the current values of the electromag- netic (em) fields at the position of the particle are needed. The recent developement of high order field solver enables the additional use of higher derivates in time of the em field values to calculate the particle motion with an increased accuracy. We propose a high order relativistic particle push method which has the ability to compute the new particle values up to the order of the used field solver. The desired order of this particle method depends only on the availability of the derivates in time of the em field and can be linked with different kind of field solvers like finite difference, finite element or finite volume schemes. Based on the relativistic Lorentz equation of motion for charged particles in any em fields, we transform the equation in a way which makes it possible to get an approximately solution of desired accuracy with a taylor series expansion in time. The evaluation of all terms at one stage is not possible because of the unknown higher derivates of the Lorentz factor. With the given values of the em field the first term can be calculated and constructive on this the next derivate of the Lorentz factor. The general principle of successive evaluating can repeated as often as desired provided that all needed derivates of the em field are given. The analysis of the obtained accuracy and the determination of the effective order of convergence is performed with 3 examples. The analytic solution of the first non relativistic example is known as the Lissajou figures. In this case the magnetic field is set to zero and the particle motion is only determined by the applied electric field. The second relativistic case shows the motion of a particle only in a magnetic field and the last example of the relativistic ExB drift closures the study of convergence here.
On climatological mass, heat, and salt transports through the Barents Sea and Fram Strait from a pan-Arctic coupled ice-ocean model simulation

[1] The northward flow of Atlantic Water via the Barents Sea and Fram Strait is modeled, and climatological volume, heat, and salt fluxes into the Arctic Ocean are investigated. We argue that understanding of climate change in the region requires the knowledge of the mean circulation before its variability can be determined. Since estimates of long-term mean fluxes in the region are not available from observations, we present a modeling approach to quantify the climatological circulation and northward transports from the Norwegian Sea into the Arctic Ocean. A coupled ice-ocean model of the pan-Arctic region is configured at a 1/12° and 45-level grid and is integrated for 7 decades using a combination of daily-averaged 1979–2001 European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts data. Simulated water mass characteristics are compared with climatological atlas and selected observational data. The separation of the Norwegian Atlantic Current into Barents Sea and Fram Strait branches and their relative contributions to the total mass and property input into the Arctic Ocean are quantified. We emphasize the Barents Sea because fewer direct measurements of transports exist there and because water masses are significantly altered along this path by the seasonal ice melt/formation and the freshwater inputs. Under the given atmospheric forcing the Barents Sea outflow is shown to significantly contribute to the boundary flow continuing along the slopes of the Arctic Ocean. On the basis of model results, we argue that the contribution of the Barents Sea branch of Atlantic Water into the Arctic Ocean is equally, if not more, important than the Fram Strait branch.
High-efficiency and stable piezo-phototronic organic perovskite solar cell

Perovskite materials are regarded as next-generation organic photovoltaic (OPV) materials due to their excellent physical and chemical properties. Recent theoretical and experimental advances also revealed the piezoelectric properties of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite thin films. In this work, a CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite piezo-phototronic solar cell is studied in theory. The output parameters such as open circuit voltage, current–voltage characteristics, fill factor, power conversion efficiency, and maximum output power with external strains are presented. The coefficient to characterize piezo-phototronic modulation is also calculated for the piezo-phototronic solar cell. With the change of strain, the output performance can be controlled and enhanced. This principle can offer not only a novel and unique approach to produce high-performance, stable perovskite solar cells, but also a principle to design new piezoelectric perovskite optoelectronic devices.
Performance Analysis of Different Loaded and UnloadedWire Antennas as EMI Sensors

This paper presents with the performance of different loaded (e.g. inverted L, T, I and C-shaped antennas) and unloaded wire antennas as electromagnetic interference (EMI)sensors. To determine electromagnetic radiation from an electronic component, it isrequired to evaluate the field strength at a certain distance from it using the sensor. Themost common performance descriptor of a sensor is its antenna factor. Here, the methodof moments with pulse basis function and point-matching technique has been used to evaluatethe current distribution on the antenna surface, and hence, the antenna factor of different wireantennas. The same theory for unloaded antennas has been extended for different loaded-wireantennas. The loaded antennas in transmitting mode are widely used for low-frequencycommunication. However, while using these antennas as EMI sensors, the extra loading is likelyto introduce the reception of cross-polarised component of incident electric field. This paperhighlights the results of the initial investigation on the performance of these loaded antennasas EMI sensors in terms of the antenna factor for the desired and cross-polarised componentof incident electric field
Using space to conceptualize time and other domains crosslinguistically

The question of whether language shapes the way people think of the world has been under debate for decades. Mandarin Chinese speakers use vertical metaphors to talk about time more often than English speakers do (Chen, 2007). Boroditsky (2001, 2008) demonstrated that this linguistic difference in metaphors causes Mandarin speakers to have vertical mental representations of temporal relations more frequently than their English counterparts. Nevertheless, some studies (Chen, 2007. January & Kako, 2007) failed to replicate Boroditsky’s findings. These studies raised questions as to the replicability of Boroditsky’findings. Furthermore, it was questioned whether Boroditsky’s experimental designs captured only the linguistic cues rather than other factors such as Mandarin speakers’ preference on rank. While linguistic cues might play a role in determining speakers’ mental representation of time, other factors, such as cultural preference on ranking items, must also be taken into account and carefully examined. This study adapts the experimental paradigm of Boroditsky (2008) and examines how speakers’ mental representations of time, ranking, and nominal categories onto a two dimensional space. The purpose of this study is to determine whether native Mandarin and English speakers think of time differently and, if so, whether that difference is limited to the factor of language alone.
THE MORPHOLOGY OF PAST IN GREEK

Στην εργασία αυτή εξετάζουμε τη μορφοφωνολογική ταυτότητα της παρελθοντικής αύξησης εκαι την κατανομή της σε σχέση με άλλες πραγματώσεις του παρελθοντικού. Υποστηρίζουμε ότι η αύξηση είναι ένα πρόθημα που αποτελείται από μοραϊκή θέση χωρίς τεμαχιακό υλικό και φέρει εγγενείς τονικές ιδιότητες, το οποίο κάτω από ειδικές φωνολογικές συνθήκες πραγματώνεται είτε ως τόνος στην προπαραλήγουσα και είτε ως τονισμένο φωνήεν ε. Το πρόθημα αυτό αποτελεί την ουδέτερη πραγμάτωση του χαρακτηριστικού [παρελθόν] και βρίσκεται σε σχέση αλλομορφίας με άλλες πραγματώσεις του ιδίου χαρακτηριστικού.
The Analysis of The Risks of Renewable Energy Resources by Using Fuzzy FMEA Technique

In the modern societies, one of the most important indicators of the economical growth is the energy resources. The energy demand is increasing c ontinuously due to the rapid population growth and industrialization and this demand can no t be satisfied with the available limited resources. Consequently, the gap between the production and the consumption of the energy is growing rapidly. Thus, it is gaining much more impo rtance to benefit from the renewable energy resources in a more effective manner. Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a quality improvement technique that prevents the formation of a failure or that determines and resolves the failure types existing in a system and in the f unctions or the components of a system as early as possible. In this study, a risk analysis is done to improve, overcome and determine the risks in the solar, geothermal and wind power plants by usin g FMEA and Fuzzy FMEA techniques. In the study, the risks in wind, solar and geothermal power plants are classified according to the economical and financial, social and environmental, construction and management, political and technological aspects. By using FMEA and Fuzzy FMEA techniques, the risk priority numbers of power plants are calculated and a risk table is constructed. The three power plant types are rated according to the results obtained by using th e two techniques and they are compared in terms of the risks that they produce.
The Threat of Monitoring Job Search: A Discontinuity Design

Since July 2004 the job search effort of long-term unemployed benefit claimants is monitored in Belgium. We exploit the discontinuity in the treatment assignment at the age of 30 to evaluate the effect of a notification sent at least 8 months before job search is verified. The threat of monitoring increases transitions to employment, but of lower quality. In the less prosperous region, Wallonia, the impact is smaller, despite of the presence of specific counseling for the notified workers, and more heterogeneous. Moreover, in this region, the threat induces women to substitute sickness for unemployment benefits.