Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carbohydrate Metabolism and Efficiency of Photosystem II in Mown Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.)

Regrowth of leaf tissue after mowing is necessary to form photosynthetic leaf area required for CO 2 assimilation and plant growth and development. Leaf tissue regrowth often is dependent on levels of reserve carbohydrates stored in leaf sheaths and leaf bases. The objective of this study was to quantify mowing injury by measuring levels of fructan, sucrose, glucose, and fructose and efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) in not-cut, rolled, single-cut, and double-cut creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) grown in a greenhouse. Efficiency of PSII was reduced in double-cut grasses by as much as 9% compared with not-cut grasses. Fructan levels were reduced in single- and double-cut grasses compared with not-cut grasses by 52% and 45%, respectively, 36 h after mowing. Glucose levels were 31% lower in double-cut grasses compared with not-cut grasses. No differences were observed in sucrose and fructose levels among not-cut, rolled, single-cut, and double-cut grasses. Mowing transiently reduced fructan and glucose levels in mowed grasses. Duration of reduction of fructan levels, magnitude of reduction in glucose levels, and efficiency of PSII were greatest in double-cut grasses, suggesting that multiple cuttings may be more damaging to plant vigor than single cutting.
Azide resistance in Azotobacter chroococcum and its relationship with respiratory activity, ATP concentration, cytochrome C-oxidase and nitrogen fixation

Sixteen isolates of Azotobacter chroococcum were studied for azide resistance on Jensen nitrogen free medium. Azide sensitive mutants were also developed to draw a possible correlation with rate of respiration, ATP concentration, cytochrome C-oxidase and nitrogen fixation (ARA) activity. Our results revealed that azide resistance is widely prevalent among isolates of A. chroococcum. However, azide resistance showed no significant correlation with rate of respiration, ATP concentration, activity of cytochrome c-oxidase and nitrogen fixation.
Metarhizium anisopliae NO CONTROLE DA CIGARRINHA-DA-RAIZ DA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR Mahanarva fimbriolata (STÅL, 1854) (HEMIPTERA: CERCOPIDAE)

Mahanarva fimbriolata pode causar injurias em todos os estadios fenologicos da cana-de-acucar e no controle deste inseto a utilizacao de inseticidas tem obtido eficiencia. O uso de Metarhizium anisopliae no controle de M. fimbriolata , alem de eficiente, e interessante por ser economicamente e ecologicamente viaveis. O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a eficiencia dos isolados de M. anisopliae no controle da M. fimbriolata . O delineamento experimental foi constituido de blocos ao acaso com quatro repeticoes. Os tratamentos testados foram: testemunha (nao tratada), thiamethoxam (Actara 250 WG ® – 1 kg.ha -1 ) BIO 08 nas doses de 3, 4 e 5 kg.ha -1 , UFGD 21 – 3, 4 e 5 kg.ha -1 , IBCB 348 – 3, 4 e 5 kg.ha -1 , IBCB 425 – 3, 4 e 5 kg.ha -1 de M. anisopliae . As avaliacoes de eficiencia foram realizadas aos 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 e 105 dias apos a aplicacao (DAA). Aos 15 DAA, o tratamento mais eficiente no controle das ninfas da M. fimbriolata foi obtido pelo isolado BIO 08 na dose de 4 kg.ha -1 . Nas avaliacoes aos 30, 45, 60 e 105 DAA nao ocorreram diferencas entre os tratamentos. Aos 75 e 90 DAA o isolado IBCB 425 na dose de 5 kg.ha -1 obteve a maior eficiencia.
Metabolic effects of dietary adenine in rats

The present study was conducted to clarify the metabolic effects of adenine and other purines in rats. When rats were fed on a 0.25•`1.00% adenine diet, the level of serum allantoin and creatinine increased progressively with increasing adenine levels. It was also observed that serum urea nitrogen increased when the level of adenine was raised 0.50% or more. The body weight and food intake were decreased in rats fed on a diet containing 0.50 -1.00% adenine. On the other hand, rats on diets containing 1.00% of various purines other than adenine showed higher levels of serum allantoin, in the decreasing order of hypoxanthine, guanine, inosine, adenosine and guanosine. When rats were fed on a 0.75% adenine diet, a decrease was observed in urinary excretion of uric acid, creatinine and urea. On the contrary, feeding an adenine diet to rats caused a rise in urinary allantoin. (Received April 17, 1981)
Bioaktivitas Formulasi Minyak Biji Azadirachta indica (A. Juss) terhadap Spodoptera litura F.

ABSTRACT Bioactivity Formulation of Seed Neem Oil Azadirachta indica (A.Juss) against Spodoptera litura (F) The purpose of this research was to know the influence of neem seed extract formulation (Azadin 50 EC) on the mortality, larvae development, larvae weight, and food consumption of Armyworm (Spodoptera litura). This research used randomized complete design with 6 treatments and 5 replications, i.e. control, formula at concentration of 0.2%, 0.4%; 0.8%; 1.6%; and 3.2%. Correlation of concentration neem seed oil formulation and mortality of test insect was analysed using probit analysis, weight of test larvae presented in mean and standard deviation, and development time and food consumption of test larvae analysed with analysis of varians. Formula Azadin 50 EC had LC50 value of 0.659% (0.550-0.781%) at 12 days after treatment. The mortality increased significantly in pupae stage that caused LC50 value become 0.152%. The formula prolonged development time, decrease the weight of test insect and decrease food consumption by the larvae. Keywords: Lethal concentration, Mortality, Growth derangement, Extract ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari perlakuan formulasi minyak biji mimba Azadin 50 EC terhadap mortalitas, perkembangan larva, bobot larva dan konsumsi pakan ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura F.). Metode Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 6 perlakuan dengan 5 kali ulangan. Perlakuan tersebut yaitu : Kontrol, konsentrasi formula minyak mimba Azadin 50 EC 0,2%; 0,4%; 0,8%; 1,6% dan 3,2%. Hubungan mortalitas dengan konsentrasi formula dianalisis menggunakan analisis probit, sedangkan data bobot larva, konsumsi pakan dan waktu perkembangan larva dianalisis dengan sidik ragam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula minyak biji A. Indica memiliki nilai LC50 sebesar 0,659% (0,550-0,781%) terhadap larva instar 2 hingga instar 4. Pada fase pupa kematian kembali meningkat tajam sehingga nilai LC50 menjadi 0,152%. Perlakuan formula tersebut mengakibatkan perpanjangan waktu perkembangan, menurunkan bobot, dan menurunkan konsumsi pakan larva uji. Kata Kunci: Konsentrasi letal, Mortalitas, Gangguan perkembangan, Ekstrak
Mutagenic activity of idarubicin and epirubicin in the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium

Idarubicin (structural analogue of daunomycin) and epirubicin (epimer of adriamycin) are two "second-generation" anthracyclines that are widely used in chemotherapy against leukemias and metastatic breast tumors, respectively. This study shows that using the Salmonella Mutagenicity Assay that idarubicin, like daunomycin, can induce frameshift (TA98; 16.1 fold), GC to AT (TA7004; 8.7 fold), and AT to GC base-substitution transition mutations (TA7001; 2.8 fold). Epirubicin, like adriamycin, can also induce frameshift (19.7 fold) and GC to AT transition mutations (14.6 fold) in this assay. Interestingly, epirubicin, but not adriamycin, can induce AT to GC mutations (2.9 fold) in this assay.
Sensitivity of Australian Melissococcus pluton isolates to oxytetracycline hydrochloride

Summary. The effectiveness of the antibiotic oxytetracycline hydrochloride) against the bacterium Melissococcus pluton, which causes European foulbrood in honey bees (Apis mellifera) was investigated in this study. The minimum inhibitory concentration of oxytetracycline hydrochloride for 104 M. pluton isolates cultured from samples of brood and honey collected from A. mellifera colonies in New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania was determined. The minimum inhibitory concentration was 1 g/mL for 51 isolates, and 2 g/mL for 53 isolates. These results indicate that, although oxytetracycline hydrochloride has been used exclusively for the past 22 years to treat European foulbrood, Australian isolates of M. pluton are still sensitive to this antibiotic.
Expected genetic gains and development plans for two longlead pine third-generation seedling seed orchards

Selection and thinning plans were developed for two longleaf pine (Pinus palushis Mill .), third-generation seedling seed orchards located in southeastern Mississippi and central Louisiana. The two orchards were part of several long-term experimental field tests designed to investigate genetic variation in height growth and brown spot needle blight (caused by Scirrhia acicola (Dearn.) Siggers) resistance in a longleaf pine population. Phil Wakeley identified the original population in the 1920s in southeastern Louisiana and E. B. Snyder and H. J. Derr continued to advance the population through selection and breeding for early height growth and brown spot resistance. Our current results suggest that both traits can be improved by another round of selection and deployment through these third-generation seedling seed orchards. Operationally expected genetic gains range fiorn 4.7% to 9.1% for height at age 9 years and 3.6% to 4.3% for brown spot resistance through age 4 years. These expected gains represent an approximate tripling in early height growth rate and doubling of brown spot resistance compared to the second generation.
La vaccination muqueuse cherche sa place parmi les nouvelles stratégies vaccinales.

Une grande diversite d'approches vaccinales s'est developpee ces dernieres annees et plusieurs nouveaux vaccins ont ete mis sur le marche. La vaccination par voie muqueuse est une approche tres etudiee. Le developpement de vaccins contre les principales maladies diarrheiques prevalentes au niveau mondial sera pris comme exemple pour dresser un bilan des promesses et des difficultes de cette approche.
Laboratory Evaluation of the Charm Farm Test for Antimicrobial Residues in Meat.

Charm Farm Tests were applied to 54 muscle and 44 kidney bovine samples, and 95 muscle and 90 kidney porcine samples collected for Canada's national meat inspection program from animals suspected of containing antimicrobial residues. The assays were run in conjunction with Agriculture and Agri-food Canada's routine confirmation analyses for suspect samples collected at federally inspected packing plants. When the bovine and porcine results were combined, 19% of the kidney and 8% of the muscle results were false negatives. Using the Charm Farm Test to screen only the kidney samples would have resulted in 100% identification of the muscle samples that were found to contain violative levels of drug residues. One percent of the kidney and 16% of the muscle results were false positives, on the basis of the results of the confirmatory tests. Minimum detectable levels found in fortified (i.e., artificially contaminated) muscle and kidney with the Charm Farm Test for ceftiofur, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, erythromycin, gentamycin, neomycin, penicillin G, streptomycin, sulfamethazine, sulfadimethoxine, tylosin, tilmicosin, and trimethoprim were similar to those claimed by the manufacturer. Minimum detectable levels for the Charm Test II (dihydro) streptomycin and erythromycin receptor assays are reported for fortified muscle and kidney to provide an indication of the relative sensitivities of the Charm Farm Test and the Charm II Tests for these compounds. To further assess the Charm Farm Test's potential as a replacement for existing tests in packing plants, parallel testing needs to be conducted on fresh tissues in a plant environment.
Relative Susceptibility of Peach and Plum Germplasm to Armillaria Root Rot

Nearly 5000 seedling trees representing more than 100 peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. ] and plum (Prunus spp.) lines were planted at a 4 x 0.6-m spacing in Jan. 1983, on a site with a known history of peach tree short life (PTSL) and Armillaria root rot (ARR). Trees were arranged in a randomized complete-block with eight replicates of six trees each. Beginning in Spring 1984 and each year thereafter the cause of tree death was determined. At the end of 9 years, 50% of the trees had succumbed to PTSL and 35% had been killed by ARR apparently caused by Armillaria tabescens. Analysis of the data for trees killed by ARR showed a wide range in mortality, some peach lines appeared significantly more tolerant to ARR than others. Plum lines derived from native North American species also appeared to be a potential source of improved tolerance. We did not establish whether ARR tolerance is affected by PTSL.
Genetic diversity in ber (Ziziphus spp.) revealed by AFLP markers

Summary Ber (Ziziphus spp.), belonging to the buckthorn family Rhamnaceae, is an important fruit crop that grows naturally in harsh environmental conditions. Commercial cultivars have been developed in India, mostly through selection of productive natural variants propagated by budding on wild rootstocks and used for orchard plantations. There is a complete lack of information on the extent of genetic diversity in this fruit crop. In the present study, 33 accessions of cultivated Z. mauritiana (Lam.) and eight accessions of its wild relative Z. nummularia (Burm.f.) Wight & Arn. were investigated using AFLP. Eleven primer pairs used in AFLP analysis detected 952 fragments, of which 789 (83.8%) were polymorphic. Similarity coefficients ranging from 0.14 – 0.86 suggested that the 41 Ziziphus accessions used in this study were divergent. The wild relative being used as a rootstock showed greater diversity than the cultivated species. The range (0.37 – 0.86) and average (0.62) similarity among the 33 cultivated species accessions indicated the broad genetic base of the commercial cultivars. Cluster analysis revealed the complete separation of the 33 cultivated species accessions and the eight wild species accessions into two distinct groups. Morphologically similar cultivars clustered together with a high degree of similarity. A high correlation of the similarity matrix using a single primer combination with that based on all eleven primer combinations suggested that one or a few primer combinations could be used to estimate diversity in ber. Nine primer combinations detected 86 accession-specific amplified fragments and each primer combination gave a discrimination rate of 1. Any of these primers can thus be used to maintain the quality of both scions and rootstocks to establish productive orchards.
Morphometrics of the largest New World marsupials, opossums of the genus Didelphis (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae)

Opossums of the genus Didelphis include the largest living species of New World marsupials. Although species of the genus have been morphometrically analyzed separately in several studies, size and shape variation within the genus has never been assessed with all species simultaneously. Here I provide the first comprehensive analysis of diversification in size and shape in the skull and mandible in the living species of Didelphis. I established a set of landmarks to capture the size and shape of the skull and mandible, using a sample of ca. 350 specimens, and compared species in size, and assessed the major axes of shape variation and differentiation through Principal Components and Canonical Variates analyses of the Procrustes coordinates of these landmarks. Additionally I assessed the effect of size on shape variation by regressing PC and CV scores onto centroid sizes. This analysis shows that almost all species can be distinguished in size, except for two species of white-eared opossums. Shape variation and diversification is also highly driven by size effects, as the most distinctive species in size, D. virginiana, is also the most distinctive species in shape, due to allometric shape changes. Major axes of shape variation are correlated with size, indicating that size plays a major role in the morphological diversification of the genus Didelphis, and these correlations are shared and conserved across species.
Performance of Cattle Offered Whole-Crop Barley or Wheat Silage

Factors affecting the nutritive value of whole-crop cereal silage for beef cattle were examined. In Experiment 1, finishing steers offered barley silage, harvested at the milky (262 g dry matter (DM)/kg) or mealy (347 g DM/kg) stages of grain ripeness, for 95 days, had carcass gains of 292 and 442 (s.e. 33.2) g/day, respectively. Animals offered no supplement, 3 kg rolled barley, 3 kg of a barley plus soyabean meal mixture (154 g crude protein (CP)/kg DM) or 1 kg soyabean meal (470 g CP/kg DM) per head daily had carcass gains of 173, 442, 529 and 324 (s.e. 46.9) g/day, respectively. In Experiment 2, untreated (340 g DM/kg) or urea (19 kg/t DM) treated barley silage, supplemented with 2.9 kg concentrates per head daily, supported carcass gains of 629 and 634 (s.e. 20.5) g/day, respectively, in heifers during a 101-day finishing period. In Experiment 3, finishing heifers offered barley silages, made with no additive, urea (34 kg/t DM) or urea (30 kg/t DM) plus NaOH (21 kg/t DM) had carcass gains of 374,477 and 534 (s.e. 23.0) g/day, respectively, over an 84-day experimental period. Supplementation with 2 kg concentrates per head daily increased mean carcass gain from 355 to 568 (s.e. 18.8) g/day. In Experiment 4, whole-crop wheat silage made without additive (431 g DM/kg; pH 4.1), with 56 kg urea/t DM (pH 5.6) or 111 kg urea/t DM (pH 7.6), and grass silage (218 g DM/kg; pH 4.1), all supplemented with 2 kg barley per head daily, supported liveweight gains in young beef heifers, over 112 days, of 645,509,362 and 719 (s.e. 34.7) g/day, respectively. It is concluded that (1) the carcass weight gain of cattle offered whole-crop barley silage was higher when harvesting was later, when the DM concentration of the silage was high (>460 g/kg) and when the silage was treated with urea or urea plus NaOH, and (2) the intake and performance of cattle offered extensively fermented whole-crop wheat silage were reduced by excessive urea addition at ensiling.
The deep roots of bird migration: Inferences from the historical record preserved in DNA

Coalescent analysis is a useful tool for relating the historical relationships among gene lineages to the demographic parameters of populations. In this paper I show how simulations of the coalescent process can be used in three species of migratory birds (Dunlin Calidris alpina, Yellow Warbler Dendroica petrechia, Common Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs) to detect historical migration events in these species, and thus to get at the deep roots of population structure. These analyses indicate that current faithful behavioural migration to natal breeding sites is maintaining regional population divergences that originated in the last half of the Pleistocene.
Efectos de Phytoseiulus persimilis (Athias-Henriot)1 Sobre Tablas de Vida de Tetranychus urticae Koch en Cuatro Variedades de Rosal

Resumen. Se estudió la supervivencia y esperanza de vida de Tetranychus urticae y Phytoseiulus persimilis, en cuatro variedades de rosal bajo condiciones de invernadero. Se observaron diferencias en el número de hembras de T. urticae por variedad. La curva de supervivencia de la población de T. urticae sobre las variedades Royal y Red Baiser fue de tipo I y sobre las variedades Selena y Anastasia coincide de tipo II, y entre estas curvas se encontraron diferencias significativas, dependiendo de la variedad de rosal la esperanza media de vida de T. urticae fue diferente, así como para P. persimilis. Phytoseiulus persimilis fue más eficiente sobre las variedades Selena y Anastasia, reduciendo la población de hembras adultas de T. urticae en 7 semanas.
Ethanol Accumulation and Poststorage Quality of ‘Delicious’ Apples During Short-term, Low-O2, CA Storage

‘Delicious’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) harvested on two dates and stored in controlled atmospheres (CA) from 0.0% to 1.5% O2 were analyzed biweekly during a 14-week storage period for tissue ethanol and other quality parameters. After 14 weeks, ‘Delicious’ fruit stored in 0.0% O2 was significantly firmer, lower in soluble solids, and had 10 times more ethanol than fruit stored in 0.5% to 1.5% O2. Upon return to ambient air for 7 days following low-O2 storage, up to 50% of the ethanol accumulated was lost. The first external symptoms of low-O2 injury appeared after 8 weeks in 0.0% O2 followed by a week in air. Symptoms were associated with ethanol contents >2500 μg·liter−1. Fruit harvested 7 Oct. produced more ethanol than fruit harvested 23 Sept. (i.e., greater concentration and faster rate). There were no differences in firmness, soluble solids, and titratable acidity due to harvest date.
Development of a quantitative model for comparing the genomic and epidemiological signal of foodborne pathogens : improving the application of whole-genome sequencing to infectious disease epidemiology

Interpreting microbial whole genome sequencing data remains an ongoing challenge in the fields of public health and epidemiology. For this thesis, 274 isolates of the human bacterial pathogen Campylobacter jejuni were selected for sequencing on the basis of their genotype and sampling metadata. A novel core genome typing method revealed that the genomic signal of bacterial isolates is not always concordant with their underlying epidemiology. To systematically examine this relationship, I developed an analytical model for quantifying the epidemiological similarity of bacterial isolates based on their sampling metadata, allowing for direct comparison to their genomic similarities. Applying this model to my dataset highlighted certain genotypes that were present throughout several diverse ecologies in disproportionately high amounts. A competitive recovery experiment revealed that particular genotypes seen in high prevalence in national and international repositories display preferential growth under laboratory conditions, providing evidence for systematic bias in infectious disease surveillance systems.
Objective Quality Evaluation of Commercial Spicy Pollack Roe Products in Terms of Mechanical and Biochemical Properties

In order to identify objective parameters for quality evaluation, physical dimensions, pH, color parameters, proximate composition, water activity, lipid oxidation, free amino acids, mechanical properties, protein composition and differential scanning calorimetry of commercial Japanese spicy pollack roe products of differing quality were analyzed. Low-priced roe products showed significantly higher ( p < 0.05) average thiobarbituric acid reactive substances content than high-priced roe products from the same company. More bitter amino acids were detected in the low-priced, compared to the high-priced roe products from the same company. Ovary membrane and eggshell proteins in low-priced roe products were comprised of a relatively greater amount of low-molecular-weight components. Compared to low-priced roe products, high-priced ones showed higher values for the mechanical properties and thermal transition enthalpy of fish egg.