Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dietary Antioxidants: Potential Anticancer Agents

ABSTRACT There are several extrinsic and intrinsic factors involving reactive oxygen species that play critical roles in tumor development and progression by inducing DNA mutations, genomic instability, and aberrant pro-tumorigenic signaling. There are various essential micronutrients including minerals and vitamins in the diet, which play pivotal roles in maintaining and reinforcing antioxidant performance, affecting the complex network of genes (nutrigenomic approach) and encoding proteins for carcinogenesis. A lot of these antioxidant agents are available as dietary supplements and are predominant worldwide. However, the best antioxidant micronutrient (or a combination of micronutrients) for reducing cancer risks is unknown. The purpose of this review is to survey the literature on modern biological theories of cancer and the roles of dietary antioxidants in cancer. The roles and functions of antioxidant micronutrients, such as vitamin C (ascorbate), vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol), selenium, and vitamin A, provided through diet for the prevention of cancer are discussed in the present work.
A bursting potassium channel in isolated cholinergic synaptosomes of Torpedo electric organ.

1. Pinched‐off cholinergic nerve terminals (synaptosomes) prepared from the electric organ of Torpedo ocelata were fused into large structures (greater than 20 microns) using dimethyl sulphoxide and polyethylene glycol 1500, as previously described for synaptic vesicles from the same organ. 2. The giant fused synaptosomes were easily amenable to the patch clamp technique and 293 seals with a resistance greater than 4 G omega were obtained in the ‘cell‐attached’ configuration. In a large fraction of the experiments, an ‘inside‐out’ patch configuration was achieved. 3. Several types of unitary ionic currents were observed. This study describes the most frequently observed single‐channel activity which was found in 247 out of the 293 membrane patches (84.3%). 4. The single‐channel current‐voltage relation was linear between ‐60 and 20 mV and showed a slope conductance of 23.8 +/‐ 1.3 pS when the pipette contained 350‐390 mM‐Na+ and the bath facing the inside of the synaptosomal membrane contained 390 mM‐K+. 5. From extrapolated reversal potential measurements, it was concluded that this channel has a large selectivity for K+ over Na+ (70.4 +/‐ 11.5, mean +/‐ S.E.M.). Chloride ions are not transported significantly through this potassium channel. 6. This potassium channel has a low probability of opening. The probability of being in the open state increases upon depolarization and reaches about 1% when the inside of the patch is 20 mV positive compared to the pipette side. 7. The mean channel open time increases with depolarization; thus the product current x time (= charge) also increases upon depolarization, showing properties of an outward rectifier. 8. The potassium channel in the giant synaptosome membrane has a bursting behaviour. Open‐time distribution, closed‐time distribution and a Poisson analysis indicate that the minimal kinetic scheme requires one open state and three closed states.
Generic Revision in the Holarctic Ground Squirrel Genus Spermophilus

Abstract The substantial body of research on Holarctic ground squirrels amassed over the past century documents considerable variability in morphological, cytogenetic, ecological, and behavioral attributes in the genus Spermophilus F. Cuvier, 1825. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies suggest that the traditionally recognized genera Marmota Blumenbach, 1779 (marmots), Cynomys Rafinesque, 1817 (prairie dogs), and Ammospermophilus Merriam, 1892 (antelope ground squirrels) render Spermophilus paraphyletic, potentially suggesting that multiple generic-level lineages should be credited within Spermophilus. Herein, we recognize 8 genera formerly subsumed in Spermophilus, each of which is morphologically diagnosable, craniometrically distinctive, and recovered as a monophyletic clade in phylogenetic analyses utilizing the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b. Generic-level names are available for each of these ground squirrel assemblages, most of which are exclusively or predominantly North American in distribution (Notocitellus A. H. Howell, 1938; Otospermophilus Brandt, 1844; Callospermophilus Merriam, 1897; Ictidomys J. A. Allen, 1877; Poliocitellus A. H. Howell, 1938; Xerospermophilus Merriam, 1892; and Urocitellus Obolenskij, 1927). Only Spermophilus sensu stricto is restricted to Eurasia. Generic subdivision of Spermophilus more aptly illuminates the taxonomic relationships, ecomorphological disparity, and biogeographic history of Holarctic ground squirrels.
Altered Sleeping Arrangements in Pediatric Patients with Epilepsy

Parental fears concerning seizure occurrence may be associated with behavioral changes within the home environment. One possible change involves sleeping arrangements. Questionnaires concerning demographics, medical history, and sleeping arrangements were completed by parents of 179 children with epilepsy and by parents of 155 children with diabetes for comparison purposes. Based on parental response, 40 (22%) children with epilepsy changed to less independent sleeping arrangements. Logistic regression suggested that parental concern over seizure occurrence was highly associated with this change (p=&lt0.001). In contrast, 13 (8%) of the children with diabetes changed to a less independent sleep pattern. Results suggest changes in sleeping arrangements may alert the pediatrician to possible parental anxiety that may need to be addressed.
Hepatic vascular malformation in a patient with Simpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome

Simpson et al. [1975], Behmel et al. [1984], and Golabi and Rosen [1984] described an X-linked syndrome, characterized by preand post-natal overgrowth anddysplastic changes in several tissues. Neri et al. [1988] suggested this condition be named Simpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome (SGBS). SGBS patients have craniofacial abnormalities, abdominal, skeletal, and urologic malformations, and an increased incidence of embryonic neoplasia such as Wilms tumor, neuroblastoma, hepatoblastoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma [Hughes-Benzie et al., 1992]. We describe a 2-year-old boy with SGBS who presented with a hepatic lesion, which upon resection was found to be a vascular malformation. In addition to developing visceral solid malignancies, SGBS patients may also be at risk for developing vascular malformations. The patient was born at 40 4/7weeks to a 17-yearold primigravid mother who is a known carrier of SGBS and part of the family studied by Chen et al. [1993]. Multiple anomalies identified in utero included polyhydramniosis, fetal macrosomia, truncus arteriosus with ventricular septal defect, and renal pyelectasis. At birth the patient weighed 4.3 kg (93rd centile), was 52 cm long (75th centile) with a head circumference of 36 cm (55th centile). He had a broad, flat nasal bridge, macroglossia, bilateral renal cysts, distal phalangeal hypoplasia, and diastasis recti. He underwent repair of a type II truncus arteriosus, atrial septal aneurysm, and secundum atrial septal defect few days after birth. His karyotype was 46,XY. At age 1 year, magnetic resonance imaging was obtained to evaluate a potential tethered cord. This was not found, but a focal lesion in the right posterior liver was identified incidentally. The patient was followed closely clinically due to the concern for visceral tumors in this population, and follow-up computed tomography confirmed a vascular appearing mass (Fig. 1). Serum b-human chorionic gonadotropin and a-fetoprotein levels were normal. A tagged red blood cell nuclear scan was obtained, but the study did not show focal pooling in the liver consistent with a hemangioma or vascular malformation. Due to uncertainty of diagnosis, the mass was excised without complication. This was a 1.7 1.5 1.3 cm unencapsulated lesion composed of multiple variably sized vessels with
Vascular endothelial growth factor and de novo mammalian angiogenesis.

The time course and potency of the de novo angiogenic response to vascular endothelial growth factor isoform 165 (VEGF165) at approximate physiologic doses was assessed using the nonsurgical mesenteric-window angiogenesis assay in adult rats. Daily i.p. injections of VEGF165 at 4.8, 48, and 480 pM were given for Days 0-4, controls receiving the vehicle. Groups of 10 animals per treatment group were sacrificed on Days 7, 14, and 21. Using microscopic morphometry and image analysis, the vascularized area, a measure of microvascular spatial extension, and the microvascular length, a measure of microvascular density, were measured. At 4.8 and 480 pM, VEGF165 induced significant angiogenesis as early as on Day 7, suggesting a direct angiogenic effect. This very rapid angiogenic response to VEGF165 is distinct from other angiogenesis reactions, including angiogenesis induced by basic fibroblast growth factor, studied using the same methodology. During the early angiogenic phase, the increase in microvascular spatial expansion dominated over the increase in microvascular density. The specific response to VEGF165 peaked on Day 7 for the 4.8 pM dose and on Day 14 for the 480 pM dose, which was the more potent. It is, moreover, noteworthy that no statistically significant response was induced by the intermediate dose of VEGF165 (48 pM) at any observation time. The data thus suggest that, although VEGF165 at near physiologic doses apparently acts as a direct angiogen, its dose-related effect in terms of angiogenesis is nonlinear.
A Cost-Effectiveness Study of Animal Disease Eradication Strategies: Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Ireland

The primary focus of this poster paper is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of alternative control strategies for a number of simulated outbreaks of Foot-and-Mouth disease (FMD) in four agriculturally diverse Irish regions, examining for the first time, the potential role of emergency vaccination in the country. With the increasing threat of transboundary animal diseases due to globalisation, wider market integration and increased animal movement it is important that such an evaluation of control and eradication strategies be undertaken and contingency plans be put in place. The new EU Directive (2003/85/EC) on FMD control permits the use of emergency vaccination as part of an FMD control strategy. The slaughter of infected animals and "dangerous contacts" (susceptible animals on epidemiologically linked holdings) remains the principal tool for tackling an outbreak, but the potential use of vaccination as an adjunct to the basic culling policy is now being considered. Using an integrated approach, combining an epidemiological model and an economic model, alternative control strategies are compared here during hypothetical outbreaks using a computer-simulation model and their cost-effectiveness assessed. The study provides outputs in terms of a range of epidemiological, economic and resource requirement measures under a wide range of different scenarios for each of the alternative control strategies.
Leukemia in relation to occupational exposures to benzene and other agents: a case-control study nested in a cohort of gas and electric utility workers.

BACKGROUND Many occupational and environmental exposures have been implicated in the etiology of leukemia, but only a few, such as benzene, are well-established leukemogens. The risk of leukemia in a large cohort of gas and electricity utility workers with exposures to several suspected or confirmed carcinogens was investigated. METHODS A case-control study nested within the cohort was conducted, with 72 leukemia cases identified among male workers, and 285 controls matched to the cases by year of birth. Only cases, and their matched controls, active in the company at the date of diagnosis were included. Exposure assessment was based on a job-exposure matrix (JEM) developed from expert judgment using a standardized procedure. RESULTS The risk of leukemia was increased in workers with an estimated cumulative exposure to benzene > or = 16.8 ppm-years (OR = 3.6; 95% CI 1.1-11.7), and there was an indication of a dose-response relation (OR = 1.2; 95% CI 1.0-1.5 per 10 ppm-years increase in exposure). The link with benzene was more pronounced for acute leukemia than for chronic leukemia, but no association with a particular leukemia cell type was apparent. The risk of leukemia remained elevated for latency periods of 2, 5, or 10 years. CONCLUSIONS From our evaluation, it could be estimated that the median TWA exposure to benzene among exposed workers was 0.16 ppm, i.e., within concentration ranges where an increased leukemia risk was usually not apparent in previous epidemiological studies. Although an increased leukemia risk may be real, it may also be related to other occupational factors not totally controlled for in the analysis, or to benzene exposures actually higher than expected.
Effect of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption in the aetiology of cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx.

This study presents a comparative risk pattern for cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx, in relation to cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption based on data from case-control studies conducted in Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea. The risk of cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx rose for current smokers and declined for ex-smokers. In males the odds ratios (ORs) for these sites rose with duration of smoking and number of cigarettes smoked per day. The relationship is strongest for laryngeal cancer. The risk for all sites was elevated linearly as amount and frequency of alcohol intake increased. Heavy drinkers, i.e. males who drank 90 g ethanol daily had an approximately 15-fold risk of cancer of the oral cavity, an 11-fold risk of pharyngeal cancer and an 11-fold risk of laryngeal cancer compared with non-drinkers. Alcohol drinking was a much stronger risk factor for cancer of the oral cavity than cancer of the pharynx and larynx. Alcohol was a much weaker risk factor for laryngeal cancer than cigarette smoking. Cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx also showed an interaction between smoking and alcohol, suggesting a synergistic effect.
Awareness in logic and cognitive neuroscience

Cognitive neuroscience has provided important insights into the notions like implicit versus explicit information processing in perception, object identification, memory, and general information retrieval. Even more topically, neuroscience has brought the notion of awareness in the forefront. of human knowledge. Yet the logical reflections of awareness and the implicit/explicit distinction have remained by and large uncharted. To improve on this situation, we introduce cognitively motivated logical operators related to actual experimental aspects of awareness into the modal language. Their semantics is given by grounding logical senses of awareness on a dynamic structure of possible worlds. We show that many neuroscientific findings on neural dysfunctions can be made to contribute to the logical level of investigation. In particular, the logics of awareness are enriched by experimental findings on brain and cognitive disorders such as blindsight, unilateral neglect, prosopagnosia, and implicit memory.
Rückblick auf 40 Jahre AOVET

Zusammenfassung Es wird ein kurzer Rückblick auf die Entwicklung der systematischen Osteosynthese beim Kleinund Großtier gegeben im Hinblick auf die Gründung der AOVET (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen der Veterinärchirurgie) 1969. Die Einführung der stabilen Osteosynthese nach den in der Humanchirurgie entwickelten Methoden und Behandlungsprinzipien der AO (hum) (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen [der Humanchirurgie]) ermöglichte eine Erweiterung der Osteosynthese beim Tier. Beim Großtier war die Technik der “absoluten” Stabilität der Kompressions-Osteosynthese entscheidend für den Erfolg. Mit der Entwicklung einer Vielzahl von Stabilisierungstechniken für die unterschiedlichen Frakturtypen in den verschiedenen anatomischen Bereichen bildete sich in der Kleintierchirurgie eine systematische Behandlungsmethodik aus, basierend auf einem spezifisch entwickelten und angepassten Instrumentarium und der Vermittlung der AO-Prinzipien durch Instruktionskurse und Manuale. Die gemeinsame Arbeit in Forschung und Entwicklung der AO führte zu einem wachsenden Verständnis für die Prozesse der Knochenheilung in der Praxis. Es fand eine zunehmende Integration der AOVET in die Organisation der AO (hum) statt.
Finite-time behavior of log-linear learning in potential games

Log-linear learning algorithm applied to the class of potential games has been proven to converge to system optimal states when these states coincide with potential function maximizers. A theoretical analysis of the algorithm based on the properties of time-inhomogeneous Markov chains provides the method to choose an algorithm parameter guaranteeing the convergence. In this work, we characterize the finite-time behavior of the log-linear learning algorithm by estimating its rate of convergence. We also provide some insights into the properties of the algorithm performance.
Thermal Analysis of Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor using 3D Finite Elements

This paper presents a thermal model of an axial flux permanent magnet synchronous motor (AFPMSM) with the structure of double-stator single-rotor called an axial-flux interior-rotor (AFIR) permanent magnet synchronous machine. The proposed 3D model involves formulation of the heat conduction equations of 3D model using finite element technique. The model considers most of the complexities of the AFPMSM structure to obtain the steady state temperature distribution at any specified location. All significant parameters that influence AFPMSM operation have been taken into consideration. The simulated temperature values are compared with predicted values of previous thermal resistance model and measured one by various authors. In this paper, two different cooling systems are presented and investigated which are natural air and water cooling at different flow rates.
A mammalian dual specificity protein kinase, Nek1, is related to the NIMA cell cycle regulator and highly expressed in meiotic germ cells.

Screening of mouse cDNA expression libraries with antibodies to phosphotyrosine resulted in repeated isolation of cDNAs that encode a novel mammalian protein kinase of 774 amino acids, termed Nek1. Nek1 contains an N‐terminal protein kinase domain which is most similar (42% identity) to the catalytic domain of NIMA, a protein kinase which controls initiation of mitosis in Aspergillus nidulans. In addition, both Nek1 and NIMA have a long, basic C‐terminal extension, and are therefore similar in overall structure. Despite its identification with anti‐phosphotyrosine antibodies, Nek1 contains sequence motifs characteristic of protein serine/threonine kinases. The Nek1 kinase domain, when expressed in bacteria, phosphorylated exogenous substrates primarily on serine/threonine, but also on tyrosine, indicating that Nek1 is a dual specificity kinase with the capacity to phosphorylate all three hydroxyamino acids. Like NIMA, Nek1 preferentially phosphorylated beta‐casein in vitro. In situ RNA analysis of nek1 expression in mouse gonads revealed a high level of expression in both male and female germ cells, with a distribution consistent with a role in meiosis. These results suggest that Nek1 is a mammalian relative of the fungal NIMA cell cycle regulator.
Rb – Sr and Sm – Nd isotopic compositions of the Rooiberg Group , South Africa : early Bushveld-related volcanism

The Rooiberg Group is a 6-km-thick sequence of mostly volcanic rocks, which represent the first phase of magmatic activity associated with the Bushveld Complex. These strata include, in ascending stratigraphic order, the Dullstroom, Damwal, Kwaggasnek, and Schrikkloof Formations. Units of the lower Dullstroom Formation range from basalts to andesites and comprise two compositional suites: high Ti and low Ti. Compositional data indicate that melts represented by the overlying, more siliceous volcanic rocks, which include dacites and rhyolites, were derived from low Ti melts by fractional crystallization and assimilation of crustal material (AFC processes). Rb–Sr isotopic data (28 samples) for units of the Dullstroom and Damwal Formations loosely constrain a crystallization age of 2071 + 94/ 65 Ma (these errors and those below: 95% confidence limits), which agrees with previously reported age data. These data suggest an initial value for Sr/Sr of 0.70655 + 0.00087/ 0.00051 for the Rooiberg Group. In contrast, Rb–Sr isotopic compositions of six samples of the Kwaggasnek Formation indicate post-crystallization alteration, which was probably associated with the Lebowa Granite Suite of the Bushveld Complex. Sm–Nd isotopic data (29 samples) for volcanic units of the Rooiberg Group provide a poorly constrained age of 1837 + 360/ 320 Ma with an initial value for Nd/Nd of 0.50976 + 0.00026/ 0.00035. These Rb–Sr and Sm–Nd isotopic compositions are similar to those indicated for melts that crystallized to form the Rustenburg Layered Suite (RLS) of the Bushveld Complex. Extruded and intruded melts probably were derived from the same or similar sources and may have resided in the same magma chambers before emplacement. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Neuro-ophthalmic Manifestations of Fungal Disease Associated With Posthurricane Environment

Background: Allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) is thought to represent an immunologic response to exposure to dematiaceous fungi. These fungi are known to cause disease more frequently in hot and humid climates and seasons. Methods: Three patients presented with unusual manifestations of fungal disease after exposure to environments recently affected by hurricanes. Results: Two patients had AFS, 1 with gradual painless visual loss from an AFS mass extending into the suprasellar region and 1 with orbital apex syndrome. Another patient had invasive fungal disease and developed orbital apex syndrome. Conclusions: These cases underscore the importance of clinical recognition of fungal disease in patients with sinus, orbital, or skull base involvement as well as its potential for causing permanent visual loss. This report suggests a potential association between fungal disease and tropical storm exposure.
Modelos de clasificación en marcha patológica usando árboles de regresión logística

La Hemiplejia Espastica (HE) es un tipo de paralisis cerebral, en donde los miembros superior e inferior del mismo lado estan comprometidos. El Dr. Gage ha sugerido que esta patologia pudiera clasificarse en al menos cuatro grupos considerando el patron cinematico en 3 planos (sagital, transversal y coronal). Tradicionalmente, esta clasificacion de pacientes patologicos es realizada por medicos especialistas basandose en el estudio fisico del paciente y en el analisis clinico de la marcha, esto ultimo, mediante examenes complementarios reportados sobre registros cineticos, cinematicas y electromiografia. La aplicacion de tecnicas automaticas de clasificacion mediante metodos computarizados constituye un soporte en esta tarea, no como reemplazo al especialista sino como una herramienta de apoyo al diagnostico. En este trabajo, se analizan diferentes algoritmos de clasificacion automatica mediante aprendizaje supervisado de los registros de marcha en una poblacion de 255 pacientes recopilados durante seis anos. Los arboles de regresion logistica combinados con meta-clasificadores han demostrado una buena efectividad en la clasificacion. Esta efectividad se evalua de manera cuantitativa con medidas de especificidad, cantidad de aciertos, falsos positivos y negativos, entre otras medidas. Una validacion con medicos especialistas permite comparar los resultados obtenidos por los modelos automaticos y los diagnosticos reales de experto.