Análise da prevalência de defeitos de esmalte na dentição decídua adquiridos no período gestacional

O periodo gestacional e importante para a formacao dos dentes deciduos do bebe. Os Defeitos de Desenvolvimento do Esmalte Dentario sao anormalidades que podem ocorrer na estrutura do esmalte por acometimentos durante sua formacao. O objetivo e analisar a prevalencia de defeitos de esmalte na denticao decidua adquiridos no periodo gestacional. Realizou-se um estudo observacional, longitudinal, descritivo e retrospectivo, de abordagem quantitativa, em um municipio sul catarinense, no periodo de marco de 2012 a dezembro de 2013. Participaram 68 bebes, de 1 a 3 anos de idade, e suas maes, que frequentaram um programa educativo. A coleta de dados realizou-se um questionario autoaplicavel, anonimo, destinado as maes, como tambem o exame clinico da cavidade bucal dos bebes. Os resultados evidenciaram que o estado civil predominante foi de amasiadas (55,9%), a profissao foi do lar (36,8%) e a renda familiar de 3 salarios minimos (79,4%). A maioria (52,9%) tinha segundo grau incompleto. Verificou-se que 14,7% dos bebes possuiam Defeitos de Desenvolvimento do Esmalte Dentario na arcada superior, e 5,9% na arcada inferior. Constatou-se 11,8% casos de opacidade na arcada superior, 5,9% na inferior, e 2,9% de hipoplasia na superior, todos em incisivos. Relacao a problemas de saude na gestacao observou-se que 74,6% apresentaram. O uso de medicacoes no periodo gestacional e problemas de saude neste periodo revelou significância estatistica (p=0,010). Concluiu-se que houve alteracoes na formacao dos dentes deciduos e o aparecimento de opacidades e hipoplasias, relacionadas as complicacoes sistemicas, e ao uso de medicacoes no periodo gestacional, porem sugerem-se mais estudos. The pregnancy period is an important part of the formation of deciduous baby teeth. The defects of dental enamel Development are abnormalities that may occur in the enamel structure progressively during their formation. The objective was analyze the prevalence of enamel defects in the primary dentition which occurs during pregnancy. We conducted an observational, longitudinal, descriptive and retrospective quantitative survey, in a town south of Santa Catarina Brazil, from March 2012 to December 2013. 68 babies between 1 to 3 years old and their mothers who attended an educational program. The data was collected by means of an anonymous standardized questionnaire which was addressed the mothers well as through clinical examinations of the oral cavity the participating babies. The predominant results showed that the marital status of the mothers was common law partner (55.9%), the profession was housewife (36.8%) and the average family income was three minimum wages (79.4%). Most of the respondents (52.9%) had not completed high school. It was found that 14.7% the studied babies had the defects of dental enamel development in the upper arch, while 5.9% in the lower arch. 11.8% the analyzed babies had cases of opacity in the upper arch, 5.9% at the bottom, and 2.9% hypoplasia at the top, all in incisors. The study concludes that there were changes in the formation primary teeth and the appearance of opacities and hypoplasia, and that these were related to systemic complications well as the use of medications during pregnancy.