Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Corroboration of skin Diseases: Melanoma, Vitiligo & Vascular Tumor using Transfer Learning

The precise identification of skin disease is an exigent process even for more experienced doctors and dermatologists because there is a small variation between surrounding skin and lesions, a visual affinity between different skin diseases. Transfer learning is the approach which stores acquired knowledge while solving one problem and apply that knowledge to similar problems. It is a type of machine learning task where a model proposed for a task can be used again. Transfer learning is used in various areas like image processing and gaming simulation. Image processing is an evolving field in the diagnosis of various kinds of skin diseases. Here transfer learning is used to identify three skin diseases such as melanoma, vitiligo, and vascular tumors. The inception V3 model was used as a base model. Networks were pre-trained and then fine-tuned. Considerable growth of training accuracy and testing accuracy were achieved.
CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL LESIONS IN HIV AND NON - HIV WOMEN ATTENDING ART CENTRE AND GYNAEC OPD IN RAICHUR INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, RAICHUR

BACKGROUND: Cancer cervix is the second most common cancer in women. Infection with HPV has been implicated in pre-cancerous squamous intraepithelial lesions and their progression to cervical cancer. The risk of infection with HPV is augmented in the presence of HIV infection. Hence we conducted this study to assess the difference in occurrence of cervical intraepithelial lesions in HIV positive and HIV-negative patients. METHODS:100 women attending the ART centre and gynaec OPD were chosen, out of which, about half were HIV positive and the other half were HIV negative. Each of them underwent Pap smear examination signing a written consent. The smears were sent to pathologists for evaluation. After cytological examination, the cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions were classified based on their cytomorphological features. RESULTS: In the HIV-negative category, the prevalence of squamous cell abnormality in the age group 31-40 was 14.3% and in the age group 41-50 was 20%. In the HIV positive category, increased incidence of squamous cell abnormality was found in the age group 31-40(26.7%). This indicates that squamous cell abnormality in the HIV positive category had high prevalence in the younger age group. CONCLUSION: in conclusion, HIV infection appears to alter the spectrum of HPV infection and its further development into precancerous lesion and invasive cancer. We also noted that the intraepithelial lesions tend to occur at an early age in HIV positive women. This may be attributed to any alterations in the local response of the genital tract induced by HIV or due to the paucity of cell mediated immunity.Hence high priority must be given for early screening process to detect the cervical lesions at the earliest among HIV positive womenin order to prevent them from developing into invasive cancer.
An Analytic Equation for the Volume Fraction of Condensationally Grown Mixed Particles and Applications to Secondary Organic Material Produced in Continuously Mixed Flow Reactors

Secondary condensation of organic material onto primary seed particles is one pathway of particle growth in the atmosphere, and many properties of the resulting mixed particles depend on organic volume fraction. Environmental chambers can be used to simulate the production of these types of particles, and the optical, hygroscopic, and other properties of the mixed particles can be studied. In the interpretation of the measured properties, the probability density function p(ϵ;d) of volume fraction ϵ of the condensing material for particle diameter d in the outflow of the chamber is typically needed. In this article, analytic equations are derived p(ϵ;d) for condensational growth in a continuously mixed flow reactor. The equation predictions are compared to measurements for the condensation of secondary organic material on quasi-monodisperse sulfate seed particles. Equations are presented herein for discrete, Gaussian, and triangular distribution functions for the seed particle number–diameter distributions, including generalization to any linearly segmented distributions. The analytic equations are useful both for the interpretation of laboratory data from environmental chambers, such as the construction of probability density functions for use in interpretation of hygroscopic growth data, cloud–condensation–nuclei data, or other laboratory data sets dependent on organic volume fraction, as well as for understanding atmospheric processes at times that condensational growth processes prevail. Copyright 2014 American Association for Aerosol Research
The Role of Oil Detachment Mechanisms in Determining Optimum Detergency Conditions

Abstract This work examines the links between the surface chemistry of oil/water/surfactant systems and the detergency of oil from fabric in the washing process. It is based around a matrix of four oils (hexadecane, triolein, decane, and squalane) and three surfactant systems: a nonionic surfactant, n-dodecyl pentaethylene glycol C12E5; an anionic surfactant, sodium hexadecyl o-xylene sulphonate; and a mixture, sodium dodecyl sulfate/C12E3. For each oil surface activity was modulated through the phase inversion condition by varying temperature for the nonionic surfactant, electrolyte concentration for the anionic surfactant, and composition for the mixture. Two types of detergency maxima were observed, one corresponding to the phase inversion condition and one appearing when the surfactant is of higher effective HLB. Through a combination of contact angle and interfacial tension measurements these maxima were attributed to emulsification and roll-up mechanisms, respectively. Either mechanism may fail to operate depending on the prevailing contact angle and interfacial tension.
Generation of high-power-density atmospheric pressure plasma with liquid electrodes

We present a method for generating atmospheric pressure plasma using a dielectric barrier discharge reactor with two liquid electrodes. Four distinct kinds of discharge, including stochastic filaments, regular square pattern, glow-like discharge, and Turing stripe pattern, are observed in argon with a flow rate of 9slm. The electrical and optical characteristics of the device are investigated. Results show that high-power-density atmospheric pressure plasma with high duty ratio in space and time can be obtained. The influence of wall charges on discharge power and duty ratio has been discussed.
Describing soil crack formation using elastic–plastic fracture mechanics

Crack development is predominant in soil structure formation. A number of fracture mechanics models have been applied to soil to describe cracking, but most are not applicable for soil in a wet, plastic state. We address this weakness by applying a new elastic–plastic fracture mechanics approach to describe crack formation in plastic soil. Samples are fractured using a deep‐notch (modified four‐point) bend test, with data on load transmission, sample bending, crack growth, and crack‐mouth opening collected to assess the crack‐tip opening angle (CTOA). CTOA provides a powerful parameter for describing soil cracking since it can be induced by soil shrinkage (an easily measured parameter) and can be used to describe elastic–plastic fracture in numerical approximations, such as finite element modelling. The test variables we studied were the direction of the applied consolidation stress, clay content, and pore water salinity. All samples were formed by consolidating soil slurry one‐dimensionally with a 120‐kPa vertical effective stress. Tests on pure kaolinite showed that the direction of the consolidation stress did not affect CTOA, which was 0.23 ± 0.02 m m−1 for specimens cut both in a horizontal and in a vertical direction to the applied stress. Soil clay content had a marked influence, however, with silica sand:kaolinite mixtures by weight of 20:80 and 40:60 reducing CTOA to 0.14 ± 0.02 m m−1 and 0.12 ± 0.01 m m−1, respectively. These smaller values of CTOA indicate that less strain is required to induce fracture when the amount of clay is less. Salinity (0.5 m NaCl) caused a reduction in the CTOA of pure kaolinite from 0.23 ± 0.02 m m−1 to 0.17 ± 0.03 m m−1.
Corpus Augmentation by Sentence Segmentation for Low-Resource Neural Machine Translation

The translation quality of Neural Machine Translation (NMT) systems depends strongly on the training data size. Sufficient amounts of parallel data are, however, not available for many language pairs. This paper presents a corpus augmentation method, which has two variations: one is for all language pairs, and the other is for the Chinese-Japanese language pair. The method uses both source and target sentences of the existing parallel corpus and generates multiple pseudo-parallel sentence pairs from a long parallel sentence pair containing punctuation marks as follows: (1) split the sentence pair into parallel partial sentences; (2) back-translate the target partial sentences; and (3) replace each partial sentence in the source sentence with the back-translated target partial sentence to generate pseudo-source sentences. The word alignment information, which is used to determine the split points, is modified with “shared Chinese character rates” in segments of the sentence pairs. The experiment results of the Japanese-Chinese and Chinese-Japanese translation with ASPEC-JC (Asian Scientific Paper Excerpt Corpus, Japanese-Chinese) show that the method substantially improves translation performance. We also supply the code (see Supplementary Materials) that can reproduce our proposed method.
Self-Supervised Deep Subspace Clustering for Hyperspectral Images With Adaptive Self-Expressive Coefficient Matrix Initialization

Deep subspace clustering network has shown its effectiveness in hyperspectral image (HSI) clustering. However, there are two major challenges that need to be addressed: 1) lack of effective supervision for feature learning; and 2) negative effect caused by the high redundancy of the global dictionary atoms. In this article, we propose an end-to-end trainable network for HSI clustering. Specifically, to ensure the extracted features are well-suited to subsequent subspace clustering, the cluster assignments with high confidence are employed as pseudo-labels to supervise the feature learning process. Then, an adaptive self-expressive coefficient matrix initialization strategy is designed to reduce the dictionary redundancy, where the spectral similarity between each target sample and its neighbors is modeled via the ${k}$-nearest neighbor graph to guide the initialization. Experimental results on three public HSI datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. In particular, our method outperforms several state-of-the-art HSI clustering methods, and achieves overall accuracy of 100% on both SalinasA and Pavia University datasets.
A 200-μW Interface for High-Resolution Eddy-Current Displacement Sensors

This article presents a low-power eddy-current sensor interface for touch applications. It is based on a bang-bang digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) that converts the displacement of a metal target into digital information. The PLL consists of a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) built around a sensing coil and a capacitive DAC, a comparator-based bang-bang phase/frequency detector (PFD), and a digital loop filter (DLF). The PLL locks the DCO to a reference frequency, making its digital input a direct representation of the sensing coil inductance. To compensate for the coil inductance tolerances, the DCO’s center frequency can be trimmed by a second capacitive DAC. This approach obviates the need for a reference coil. When combined with a 5-mm-diameter sensing coil located <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$500~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> from a metal target, the interface achieves a displacement resolution of 6.7 nm (rms) in a 3-kHz bandwidth. It consumes <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$200~\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> from a 1.8-V power supply, which represents the best-reported tradeoff between power consumption, bandwidth, and resolution.
A complementary laser system for ISOLDE RILIS

The Resonance Ionization Laser Ion Source (RILIS) is a powerful tool for efficient and selective production of radioactive ion beams at Isotope Separator On Line (ISOL) facilities. To avoid isobaric background, highly selective stepwise resonant ionization is applied, using up to three different laser wavelengths. Due to their advantages in terms of stability and reliability, an all solid-state titanium:sapphire (Ti:Sa) system is used or is planned to be installed at the majority of on-line facilities worldwide. Such an all solid-state Ti:Sa laser system is going to be installed at the ISOLDE RILIS at CERN alongside the well-established dye laser system.
Nitrogen-enhanced negative bias temperature instability: An insight by experiment and first-principle calculations

The nitrogen-enhanced negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) effect has been studied experimentally and theoretically. It is observed that both the interface state and positive fixed charge generation increase linearly with interfacial nitrogen concentration. The experimental results can be understood in terms of the reaction energies of the hydrogen trapping reactions at the interface, which are obtained from first-principle calculations. These results improve our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the nitrogen-enhanced NBTI effect.
Frustration in bilayers and topologies of liquid crystals of amphiphilic molecules

Amphiphilic molecules are well-known for their ability to build symmetric fluid films, or bilayers, most often organized in lamellar phases. The symmetric changes of curvatures of the two interfaces of a bilayer, as temperature and water content vary, may enter into conflict with the compactness of the bilayer core. We consider the possible role of such a stress as a structural factor promoting the transformation of lamellar phases into other liquid crystalline and micellar phases. We analyse this stress as a frustration which can be solved by the introduction of defects of rotation, or disclinations. We develop a geometrical approach and show that the possible solutions correspond to organizations of amphiphilic molecules whose topologies are similar to those of the liquid crystalline and micellar phases. We propose therefore to describe these phases as structures of disclinations. Such a geometrical approach puts forward the structural role of internal stresses within bilayers and provides the frame within which the other physical factors are to be considered Etude des comportements symetriques de deux couches d'une bicouche, en particulier leurs changements de courbure avec les parametres thermodynamiques, pouvant entrer en conflit avec la compacite de la bicouche. Role possible d'une telle contrainte comme facteur de transformation d'une phase lamellaire en phases cubique, hexagonale ou micellaire. La contrainte est analysee comme une frustration qui peut etre resolue par l'introduction de desinclinaisons
The Influence Of User Generated Content(Ugc) And Brand Equity On Green Purchase(Study On The Body Shop’s Consumers In Brazil And Indonesia)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menjelaskan pengaruh User Generated Content (UGC) terhadap Green Purchase, (2) menjelaskan pengaruh Brand Equity terhadap Green Purchase, (3) menjelaskan pengaruh User Generated Content (UGC) dan Brand Equity terhadap Green Purchase, (4) menjelaskan perbedaan persepsi pada pengaruh User Generated Content (UGC) dan Brand Equity terhadap Green Purchase antara konsumen Brazil (Warga negara Brazil dan bertempat tinggal di Brazil) dan konsumen Indonesia (Warga negara Indonesia dan bertempat tinggal di Indonesia). Jenis penelitian eksplanatori (explanatory research) dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Variabel penelitian adalah User Generated Content (UGC), Brand Equity, dan Green Purchase. Kriteria populasi adalah konsumen berusia minimal 18 tahun, pernah membeli produk The Body Shop, warga negara Brazil yang bertempat tinggal di Brazil dan warga negara Indonesia yang bertempat tinggal di Indonesia, memiliki akun sosial media dan telah melihat review online produk The Body Shop. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah purposive sampling dan metode pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner online dengan Google form kepada 120 responden. Analisis data adalah analisis deskriptif, uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi linier berganda, dan independent sample t test. User Generated Content (UGC) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Green Purchase, Brand Equity berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Green Purchase, User Generated Content (UGC) dan Brand Equity berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Green Purchase, serta tidak terdapat perbedaan persepsi pengaruh User Generated Content (UGC) dan Brand Equity terhadap Green Purchase antara konsumen Brazil dan Indonesia. Sebaiknya The Body Shop menetapkan strategi inovatif untuk mengajak konsumen membuat UGC, menigkatkan popularitasnya sebagai brand hijau terbaik, dan memproduksi lebih banyak produk yang efektif untuk masalah kulit para konsumen.
INTERACTIONS OF POD-ZONE PH AND CALCIUM CONCENTRATION ON FRUCTIFICATION OF GROUNDNUT GROWN IN SOLUTION CULTURE

Low soil pH and calcium (Ca) deficiency in both the root and pod-zone are important problems for groundnut production world-over on account of the light-textured nature of the soils suitable for its production. An experiment was conducted to examine the interaction of pH and calcium (Ca) supply in the pod-zone on reproductive growth of groundnut. Attached gynophores were cultured singly in solutions at three pH levels (3.5, 5.0, and 6.5) in factorial combination with three solution Ca concentration levels (500, 1000, and 2000 μM). Generally, low pH had an adverse effect on the reproductive growth of groundnut. Approximately 58% of the gynophores cultured in treatment combinations with pH 3.5 produced normal pods, compared to 94% in combinations with pH 5.0 and 6.5. In addition, both pod mass and seed mass were severely depressed in treatment combinations with pH 3.5 compared to combinations with pH 5.0 and pH 6.5. Increasing Ca from 500 to 2000 μM Ca at low pH had limited ameliorative effect on pod-set, pod mass and seed mass, whereas positive responses were higher at the intermediate pH of 5.0. A combination of high Ca and pH appeared to be detrimental to pod and seed growth.
Structural properties of amorphous silicon prepared from hydrogen-diluted silane

A systematic structural analysis was carried out on amorphous silicon films prepared from hydrogen-diluted silane using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Hydrogen dilution of silane during the growth of a-Si:H absorber layers is used to suppress light-induced degradation of a-Si:H solar cells. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows that for higher hydrogen dilution ratios the growth of films becomes strongly inhomogeneous and the transition from amorphous to microcrystalline phase occurs at a smaller thickness. A detailed X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the amorphous films reveals that the strongest peak in the XRD patterns is located around 27.5° and corresponds to the signal from the ordered domains of tetragonal silicon hydride and not from cubic silicon crystallites. The full width at half maximum of this peak narrows from 5.1° to 4.8° as the ratio of hydrogen to silane flow (R) increases to 20 and does not change significantly for higher hydrogen dilutions. The presence of silicon hydride ordered domains in amorphous films is confirmed by the lattice imaging method applied to the high resolution TEM recordings. The amorphous silicon films fabricated at different hydrogen dilution were applied as absorber layers in single-junction solar cells. The degradation experiment confirms that the cells with absorber layers deposited using hydrogen dilution are more stable to light exposure. A clear reduction of the degradation is observed when the dilution ratio is increased from R = 0 to R = 20. The degradation of solar cells with absorber layers prepared at R > 20 is not reduced by further increasing R.
Tailor-made crystalline structures of truncated S-layer proteins on heteropolysaccharides

Two surface (S-)layer proteins, both binding specifically to a heteropolysaccharide and one with the additional ability to self-assemble into crystalline arrays, and mixtures of them, form nanometre-thick layers on heteropolysaccharides differing in morphology and viscoelasticity. Pure S-layer proteins formed unstructured and crystalline layers, respectively, whereas a mixture formed fractal-like, patchy structures. This finding provides essential information for the self-assembly of S-layer proteins on heteropolysaccharides and constitutes the starting point for the investigation of these patchy structures as tethering layers for functional lipid membranes.
Die Konstitution von Verrucarol und Roridin C Verrucarine und Roridine, 4. Mitteilung†

Verrucarol (C15H22O4), the sesquiterpenoid moiety of the verrucarines and roridines, has been linked with trichodermin (2) and with trichothecolon (26). On the basis of further degradation to known fragments structure 1 is assigned to verrucarol.
Contrast, resolution, pixelation, dynamic range and signal‐to‐noise ratio: fundamental limits to resolution in fluorescence light microscopy

In a perfect optical system numerical aperture and wavelength determine resolution. In a real optical system, however, the number of photons collected from a specimen determines the contrast and this limits the resolution. Contrast is affected by the number of picture elements per unit area, the number of photons and the aberrations present in every optical system. The concept of contrast vs. distance functions is used to compare the resolution achievable in confocal and wide‐field fluorescence microscopes and the effect of a further reduction of the observable volume. In conclusio: (a) real optical systems will never be able to achieve the theoretical resolution, (b) wide‐field fluorescence microscopy will often provide a better resolution than confocal fluorescence microscopy, (c) decreasing the observed volume does not necessarily increase the resolution and (d) using multiple fluorophores can improve the accuracy with which distances are measured. Some numbers for typical situations are provided.
Selective Concentration of Uranium from Seawater by Nanofiltration

A new procedure for the concentration of uranium, dissolved in seawater with extremely low concentration, was studied. Plate module membrane filtration equipment was operated to evaluate the performance and selectivity of four different nanofiltration flat sheet membranes. Experiments were first carried out using different model waters. The membranes were discriminating by the rejection of uranium, calcium, and sodium. Then, a uranium concentration test using a nanofiltration membrane showing the highest selectivity for uranium toward alkaline and alkaline-earth ions has been performed on natural seawater. A nanofiltration membrane shows a high selectivity for U(VI), illustrating the advantageous use of nanofiltration for the concentration of uranium from seawater.
The Pauli potential from the differential virial theorem

Recently, a first-order differential equation for the functional derivative of the kinetic energy functional is derived for spherically symmetric systems using the differential virial theorem of Nagy and March. Here, a more general first-order differential equation for the Pauli potential (valid not only for spherically symmetric systems) is derived by applying the differential virial theorem of Holas and March. The solution of the equation can be given by quantities capable of fully determining every property of a Coulomb system. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010