Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Epworth Sleepiness Scale in Service Members with Sleep Disorders.

INTRODUCTION Excessive daytime sleepiness affects an estimated 20% of the general population. While the prevalence of sleepiness in the military is largely unknown, it is well established that short sleep duration is endemic. The reasons for this include: the demanding nature of their duties, shift work and 24-hour duty periods, deployments and exigencies of military service as well as sleep disorders. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) is the most widely used sleep questionnaire and provides a self-assessment of daytime sleepiness. To date the clinical utility of this questionnaire in differentiating sleep disorders in military patients with sleep disorders has never been evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The primary aim of this manuscript was to assess if Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores differed between military personnel with insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), comorbid insomnia/obstructive sleep apnea (COMISA), and a group with neither insomnia nor obstructive sleep apnea (NISA). This study assessed the clinical utility of the ESS in differentiating sleep disorders amongst a sample (N = 488) of U.S. military personnel with insomnia (n = 92), OSA (n = 142), COMISA (n = 221), and a NISA group (n = 33) which served as the control population. RESULTS In the present sample, 68.4% of service members reported excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) with an ESS > 10. ESS scores differed between military personnel with COMISA (13.5 ± 4.83) and those with OSA only (11.5 ± 4.08; p < 0.001) and the NISA group (9.46 ± 4.84; p < 0.001). Also, ESS scores differed between patients with insomnia only (13.0 ± 4.84) and the NISA group (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Overall, the ESS had poor ability to differentiate sleep disorders. In military personnel, the ESS appears elevated in the most common sleep disorders, likely due to their insufficient sleep, and does not help to differentiate OSA from insomnia. Further studies are required to validate this questionnaire and determine an appropriate threshold value for abnormal sleepiness in the military population.
at NTCIR-9 CrossLink : Cross-Lingual Link Discovery in Wikipedia using explicit semantic analysis Conference or Workshop Item

This paper describes the methods used in the submission of Knowledge Media institute (KMI), The Open University to the NTCIR-9 Cross-Lingual Link Discovery (CLLD) task entitled CrossLink. KMI submitted four runs for link discovery from English to Chinese; however, the developed methods, which utilise Explicit Semantic Analysis (ESA), are applicable also to other language combinations. Three of the runs are based on exploiting the existing cross-lingual mapping between different versions of Wikipedia articles. In the fourth run, we assume information about the mapping is not available. Our methods achieved encouraging results and we describe in detail how their performance can be further improved. Finally, we discuss two important issues in link discovery: the evaluation methodology and the applicability of the developed methods across different textual collections.
FAIR VALUATION OF INSURANCE LIABILITY CASH-FLOW STREAMS IN CONTINUOUS TIME: APPLICATIONS

Abstract Delong et al. (2018) presented a theory of fair (market-consistent and actuarial) valuation of insurance liability cash-flow streams in continuous time. In this paper, we investigate in detail two practical applications of our theory of fair valuation. In the first example, we consider the fair valuation of a terminal benefit which is contingent on correlated tradeable and non-tradeable financial risks. In the second example, we consider a portfolio of unit-linked contracts contingent on a non-tradeable insurance and a tradeable financial risk. We derive partial differential equations (PDEs) which characterize the continuous-time fair valuation operators in these two examples and we find explicit solutions to these PDEs. The fair values of the liabilities are decomposed into the best estimate of the liability and a risk margin. The arbitrage-free representations of the fair values of the liabilities are derived and the dynamic hedging strategies associated with the continuous-time fair valuation operators are also established. Detailed interpretations of the results, which should be useful both for researchers and practitioners, are provided.
PREPROENKEPHALIN A OCCURS IN THE ENTERO-CHROMAFFIN ( EC ) CELLS OF THE PORCINE INTESTINE : AN IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL STUDY USING ANTISERA TO MET-ENKEPHALIN-ARG ‘-GLY 7-LEU 3 AND TO SEROTONIN

The porcine gut was immunocytochemically examined by using an antiserum against Met-enkephalin-Arg‘-Gly’-Len“ (Met-enkephalin-8), which is included in the molecule of preproenkephalin A. Met-enkephalin-8-like immunoreactivity was recognized in dispersed endocrine cells as well as in intramural nerve fibers. The immunoreactive cells were most numerous in the duodenum, fewer in the pyloric antrum and still fewer in the lower small intestine. They all coincided with enterochromaffin (EC) cells, which were identified by an anti-serotonin serum applied to adjacent thin sections. In the duodenum, approximately 60 % of the EC cells were also reactive to the anti-Met-enkephalin-8 serum. EC cells were also present in the gastric body and large intestine but they were not reactive to the anti-Met-enkephalin8 serum. These findings indicate that not all EC cells, but only a subtype which is concentrated in the upper small intestine in the pig, contain preproenkephalin A. The enterochromafiin (EC) cell represents the most numerous endocrine element in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. Erspamer and Asero (3) showed that 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) is contained in the EC cell. Various staining reactions are available for demonstrating this cell: chromaffin reaction, MassonHamperl’s argentaffin reaction, diazonium reaction, and the formaldehyde-induced fluorescence histochemical method. These reactions are all due to the presence of serotonin. Recent reports have shown that immunocytochemistry using antisera against serotonin is the most useful and sensitive method for demonstrating this bioactive monoamine (8). In 1973, Fujita and Kobayashi (6) predicted that EC cells would be found to possess a bioactive peptide or peptides in addition to the amine, serotonin, because it seemed the general rule for entero-endocrine and related cells, which later came to be called paraneurons (5), to synthesize a peptidic messenger substance or substances, not withstanding the fact that they may produce amines. Subsequently, motilinlike (19), substance P-like (15, 18), and Leuenkephalin-like immunoreactivities (1) were reported to be present in the EC cells. In searching for a bioactive peptide in the EC cell, we found positive immunoreactivity to antisera against enkephalins, especially against Met-enkephalin-Argfi-Gly" -Leus. Recently, nucleotide sequence analysis of the cloned cDNA has revealed the whole amino acid sequence of an enkephalin-precursor contained in the bovine adrenal medulla. This opioid precursor, called preproenkephalin A, includes four molecules of Met-enkephalin, and one molecule each of Leu-enkephalin, Met-enkephalin-Argfi-Phe7 (Met-enkephalin-7), and Metenkephalin-Argfi-Gly"-Leu8 (Met-enkephalin-8) (16). Although Met-enkephalin and Leuenkephalin molecules are also contained in the
Title Budget constraints in prediction markets

We give a detailed characterization of optimal trades under budget constraints in a prediction market with a cost-function-based automated market maker. We study how the budget constraints of individual traders affect their ability to impact the market price. As a concrete application of our characterization, we give sufficient conditions for a property we call budget additivity: two traders with budgets B and B′ and the same beliefs would have a combined impact equal to a single trader with budget B +B′. That way, even if a single trader cannot move the market much, a crowd of like-minded traders can have the same desired effect. When the set of payoff vectors associated with outcomes, with coordinates corresponding to securities, is affinely independent, we obtain that a generalization of the heavily-used logarithmic market scoring rule is budget additive, but the quadratic market scoring rule is not. Our results may be used both descriptively, to understand if a particular market maker is affected by budget constraints or not, and prescriptively, as a recipe to construct markets.
Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory Network for Multitemporal Cloud Detection Over Landmarks

In this work, we propose to exploit both the temporal and spatial correlations in Earth observation satellite images through deep learning methods. In particular, the combination of a U-Net convolutional neural network together with a convolutional long short-term memory (LSTM) layer is proposed. This model is applied for cloud detection on MSG/SEVIRI image time series over selected landmarks. Implementation details are provided and our proposal is compared against a standard SVM and a U-Net without the convolutional LSTM layer but including temporal information too. Experimental results show that this combination of networks exploits both the spatial and temporal dependence and provides state-of-the-art classification results on this dataset.
How Well Does the Social Safety Net Work?: The Incidence of Cash Benefits in Hungary, 1987-89

The ability of social policy to protect people from poverty - as well as help promote them out of poverty - is of great concern in transition economies, where the process of economic reform can entail diverse impacts at the household level. Unfortunately, some of the most commonly used forms of data on household living standards are far from ideal in helping to understand the dynamics of poverty in such situations. This paper examines the performance of cash benefits as a social safety net in Hungary. The study is unusual in that it examines both the conventional static incidence of public expenditures, and their more complex dynamic incidence, using the longitudinal nature of the data set to track the transition into and out of poverty.
Homological stability for moduli spaces of disconnected submanifolds, I

A well-known property of unordered configuration spaces of points (in an open, connected manifold) is that their homology stabilises as the number of points increases. We generalise this result to moduli spaces of submanifolds of higher dimension, where stability is with respect to the number of components having a fixed diffeomorphism type and isotopy class. As well as for unparametrised submanifolds, we prove this also for partially-parametrised submanifolds -- where a partial parametrisation may be thought of as a superposition of parametrisations related by a fixed subgroup of the mapping class group. In part II (in preparation), this will be further generalised to submanifolds equipped with labels in a bundle over the embedding space, from which we will deduce corollaries for the stability of diffeomorphism groups of manifolds with respect to parametrised connected sum and addition of singularities.
Comparative study on the use of myoinositol and metformin in the improvement of clinical symptoms and biochemical parameters in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome

Introduction: Polycystic ovaries is one of the most common endocrinological disorder of the ovaries, commonly seen among the women belonging to the reproductive age group with prevalence about 5 - 10 % [1] . Insulin sensitising drugs are used in the treatment of PCOS and Metformin was the first insulin sensitising drug and it showed a reduction in circulating androgen level, significant reduction in the body weight and improvement in menstrual regularity [7] . Inositol phosphoglycan molecule is known to have a role in activating enzymes that control glucose metabolism [8-10] . Eventhough D-Chiro-inositol was the primary form studied initially in PCOS, the main focus of many recent studies has turned on myo-inositol [11] . The aim
Expression of Opioid Receptors in Cells of the Immune System

The observation of the immunomodulatory effects of opioid drugs opened the discussion about possible mechanisms of action and led researchers to consider the presence of opioid receptors (OR) in cells of the immune system. To date, numerous studies analyzing the expression of OR subtypes in animal and human immune cells have been performed. Some of them confirmed the expression of OR at both the mRNA and protein level, while others did not detect the receptor mRNA either. Although this topic remains controversial, further studies are constantly being published. The most recent articles suggested that the expression level of OR in human peripheral blood lymphocytes could help to evaluate the success of methadone maintenance therapy in former opioid addicts, or could serve as a biomarker for chronic pain diagnosis. However, the applicability of these findings to clinical practice needs to be verified by further investigations.
Tug-of-war between Self-determination and Addiction: A Case of Mobile Games

Drive technology has grown rapidly with the development of the knowledge age, and many companies have turned the computer game industry into a mobile game market. Mobile games have received considerable interest because of the pleasant feeling they bring to users. The motivation of users comes from social factors. Their individual behavior is due to their intrinsic and extrinsic motivations for self-determination. This study randomly selected 284 mobile phone players as sample and was analyzed thru Smart-PLS software. The results of the study suggest that once a habit is created, humans will decide whether to continue playing the game based on the difficulty of the game level or the number of users within their circle of friends. However, there will be a possibility of addiction after the habit is created. Overall, the combination of two theories elucidates the understanding of the current mobile game industry on the use of mobile games.
Preparation and Drug Release Properties of a Thermo Sensitive GA Hydrogel

A high-strength galactomannan (GA)-based hydrogel with thermal response and pH response is introduced in this paper. GA, N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), N-[3-dimethylamino)propyl]methylacrylamide (DMAPMA), and montmorillonite were used to form hydrogels through a simple mixed static system. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the structure and properties of the hydrogels. The compressive strength of the the hydrogel increased from 23.9 to 105.61 kPa with the increase of GA dosage from 0 to 1.5 wt%. When the NIPAM content in the monomer increased from 75% to 95%, the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the hydrogel changed from 36.5 to 45.8 °C. When the monomer content was higher than 10wt%, the swelling kinetics of the sample changed from the second-order equation to the first-order equation. With the increase of the proportion of NIPAM monomer, the release rate of bovine serum album in the early stage was faster, and the cumulative release rate was close to 100%. The release rate of bovine serum albumin at 37 °C was higher than that at 25 °C. The release rate of the hydrogel containing bovine serum albumin was the fastest under the condition of pH 7.4, followed by those at pH 6.6 and pH 5.0. The results showed that this thermal-responsive hydrogel has potential applications as a drug carrier for colon delivery.
An archeal biomarker record of paleoenvironmental change across the onset of the Messinian salinity crisis in the absence of evaporites

A sudden change from normal marine to extreme paleoenvironmental conditions occurred approximately 6 Ma ago in the Mediterranean Basin at the onset of the late Miocene Messinian salinity crisis, one of the most severe ecological crises in Earth history. Strong evaporation and tectonics led to hypersaline conditions, resulting in widespread deposition of evaporites and the apparent annihilation of the marine metazoan biosphere. In contrast to the prominent occurrence of evaporites elsewhere in the Mediterranean, evaporites did not form in the deeper part of some marginal basins at the onset of the crisis. The strata of the Pollenzo section (Piedmont Basin, NW Italy) studied here were deposited in such a paleogeographic setting. Instead of evaporites, a cyclic succession of organic-rich shales and carbonates formed during the early phase of the crisis in the study area. These sediments record a sharp increase in the contents of archaeal molecular fossils that are mostly represented by isoprenoidal dialkyl glycerol diethers (DGDs) and isoprenoidal glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs). Such an expansion of archaeal biomass is best explained by a change of the archaeal communities at the onset of the Messinian salinity crisis. In particular, the appearance of molecular fossils of extremophilic archaea, mostly producing DGDs (archaeol and extended archaeol), suggests the emergence of halophilic archaea. At the same time, lipids of planktonic Thaumarchaeota, especially crenarchaeol, are present across the entire section, suggesting the local persistence of normal marine conditions. In agreement with the sudden appearance of tetrahymanol in the upper part of the section, the persistence of crenarchaeol indicates the establishment of water column stratification after the advent of the Messinian salinity crisis. To further investigate the Piedmont Basin paleoenvironmental conditions, we test the Archaeol Caldarchaeol Ecometric (ACE), a proxy developed for identifying high paleosalinities in waters and possibly in sediments. Despite high ACE values found for the Messinian salinity crisis samples, these values are in contrast with the absence of any lithological evidence for high salinities as well with other biomarkerindependent information, indicating low to normal seawater salinities. This apparent contradiction is likely explained by the complexity of the sources of archaeal lipids, especially of caldarchaeol and archaeol, limiting the utility of the ACE for the reconstruction of paleosalinities for Messinian strata. 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is anopenaccess article under the CCBY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Abundance of peaks and dips in 3D mass and halo density fields: a test for cosmology

Using cosmological N-body simulations, we study the abundance of local maxima (peaks) and minima (dips) identified in the smoothed distribution of haloes and dark matter (DM) on scales of 10-100 s Mpcs. The simulations include Gaussian and local-type fNL non-Gaussian initial conditions. The expression derived in the literature for the abundance (irrespective of height) of peaks for Gaussian fields is surprisingly accurate for the evolved halo and DM density fields for all initial conditions considered. Furthermore, the height distribution is very well fitted by a lognormal on quasi-linear scales. The abundance as a function of scale depends on the cosmological parameters (H0 and background matter densities) through the shape of the power spectrum, but it is insensitive to the clustering amplitude. Further, the abundance in the smoothed halo distribution is substantially different in the non-Gaussian from the Gaussian simulations. The interpretation of this effect is straightforward in terms of the scale dependence of halo bias in non-Gaussian models. The abundance of extrema extracted from 3D large galaxy redshift surveys could be a competitive probe of the cosmological parameters and initial non-Gaussianity. It breaks the degeneracy between fNL and the clustering amplitude, making it complementary to counts of galaxy clusters and peaks in weak-lensing maps.
The Quaero French Medical Corpus : A Ressource for Medical Entity Recognition and Normalization

A vast amount of information in the biomedical domain is available as natural language free text. An increasing number of documents in the field are written in languages other than English. Therefore, it is essential to develop resources, methods and tools that address Natural Language Processing in the variety of languages used by the biomedical community. In this paper, we report on the development of an extensive corpus of biomedical documents in French annotated at the entity and concept level. Three text genres are covered, comprising a total of 103,056 words. Ten entity categories corresponding to UMLS Semantic Groups were annotated, using automatic pre-annotations validated by trained human annotators. The pre-annotation method was found helful for entities and achieved above 0.83 precision for all text genres. Overall, a total of 26,409 entity annotations were mapped to 5,797 unique UMLS concepts.
Review of Statistical Modeling Approaches for Sustainability Analysis of Small and Medium sized Enterprises

Sustainability of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) is one of the major concerns to today’s economy as SMEs contribute to GDP considerably and employ large proportion of entire population, but negatively affect environment. Sustainability analysis of SMEs has recently gained momentum and many statistical modeling approaches have been adopted across the industries and geographical locations to reveal relationship between independent and dependent variables within the system. However, till date there is no review work that develops a better understanding on the variables for SMEs’ sustainability and their relationship, and methods for analysis. This study bridges these gaps by reviewing research papers that have been published in leading journals during last decade. First, this research undertakes objective content analysis in order to identify independent and dependent variables along with their frequency of usage. Second, the correlation between the independent and dependent variables is studied. Third, all the published articles are categorised according to types of journals, geographical locations, industries, variables and methods. Lastly, a framework that depicts correlation among the high level variables is presented for sustainability analysis of SMEs.
A Karplus equation for the conformational analysis of organic molecular crystals.

Vicinal scalar couplings (3J) are extensively used for conformational analysis of organic compounds in the liquid state through the use of empirical Karplus equations. Contrastingly, there are no examples of such use for structural investigation of solids. With the support of first principles calculations, we demonstrate here that 13C-13C 3J (3JCC) measured on a series of isotopically-enriched solid amino acids and sugars can be related to dihedral angles by a simple Karplus-like relationship, and we provide a parameterized Karplus function for the conformational analysis of organic molecular crystals. Under the experimental conditions discussed, torsional angles can be estimated from the experimental 3JCC with an accuracy of 10° using this function. These results open new perspectives towards the use of 3JCC as a new analytical tool that could considerably simplify structure determination of functional organic solids.