Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of various dietary vegetable oil sources on villi morphology and liver aldehydes in young layers

Twenty-six-week-old laying hens (90 Lohmann Classic Brown) received dietary treatments containing canola and linseed oil at 2% inclusion levels and a control diet for 21 days. The 2% dietary linseed oil, which had higher total polyunsaturated fatty acids (ΣPUFA) and linolenic fatty acid contents, resulted in higher liver malondialdehyde and wider villi than the control group. The 2% canola and linseed oil treatments recorded smaller reproductive organs relative to live weight than the control group. It was concluded that young layers might have an anatomical response to high levels of dietary PUFA, which might improve nutrient absorption and cause a biochemical response, resulting in potentially negative cytotoxic aldehydic lipid peroxidation products. Keywords: Intestine morphology, malondialdehyde, n-3, poultry, PUFA
Reconfiguration of virtual network mapping considering service disruption

Network Virtualization (NV) offers an efficient usage of resource by sharing the infrastructure with different virtual network operators while deploying new services. However, it also raises new challenges for network operators and researchers [1]. One of the main challenges is the efficient resource allocation, known as virtual network (VN) mapping problem. In a dynamic scenario, where VN requests come and leave dynamically, the ability to reallocate the currently-mapped networks allows to enhance the resource utilization. But it also leads to the service disruption of reconfigured virtual networks. In this paper, we study the problem of virtual network reconfiguration taking into account the cost incurred by the disrupted services. Most of the recent research on this topic just focused on the acceptance ratio of the virtual networks but didn't address the possible service disruption during the reconfiguration. This paper proposes a reconfiguration mechanism, which is triggered whenever a new coming virtual network request cannot be mapped on the current network. The mechanism re-allocates the currently-mapped networks to accommodate the new request, provided that the minimized cost of reconfiguration doesn't not exceed the gain from mapping the new request. The approach is mathematically formulated as Integer Linear Programming (ILP) problem that maximizes the net gain of the reconfiguration. Its performance is then evaluated and analysed thoroughly through extensive simulations. Finally, a heuristic is proposed to shorten the solving time of the ILP problem while maintaining its performance.
Grenzen der Bildungsexpansion? Ausbildungsinadäquate Beschäftigung von Ausbildungs- und Hochschulabsolventen in Deutschland

Der Begriff der Ausbildungsadaquanz zielt auf den Grad der Ubereinstimmung zwischen den im Bildungssystem erworbenen Qualifikationen und dem Anforderungsprofil der am Arbeitsmarkt ausgeubten Tatigkeit. Im Falle einer ausbildungsinadaquaten Beschaftigung oder auch Fehlqualifikation bleibt ein bedeutender Teil der wahrend der Ausbildungsphase angeeigneten beruflichen Fertigkeiten und Kenntnisse ungenutzt. Ausbildungsinadaquate Erwerbstatigkeit geht folglich einher mit einer suboptimalen Verwertung von Humankapital und zieht sowohl auf personlicher als auch auf gesamtwirtschaftlicher Ebene erhebliche negative Konsequenzen nach sich. Dieser Diskussionsbeitrag greift die Frage nach der Ausbildungs(in)adaquanz der Beschaftigung auf und untersucht diese detailiert in Hinblick auf die aktuelle Problemlage in Deutschland. Dabei werden sowohl die Erkenntnisse bisher vorhandener empirischer Studien zusammengefasst als auch eigene deskriptive Analyseresultate auf der Datengrundlage des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) vorgestellt. Sowohl auf Ebene der Hochschulabsolventen als auch der Absolventen der beruflichen Ausbildungsgange deuten die Befunde auf betrachtliche Qualifikationsreserven hin. In der langfristigen Betrachtung zeigt sich zudem, dass der Anteil ausbildungsinadaquater Beschaftigungsverhaltnisse unter den akademischen Fachkraften in Deutschland seit der Wiedervereinigung deutlich zugenommen hat. Bei der ausbildungsinadaquaten bzw. unterwertigen Beschaftigung handelt es sich demnach um ein am deutschen Arbeitsmarkt verbreitetes und keinesfalls zu vernachlassigendes Phanomen, das kunftig starker in das Blickfeld von Politik und Arbeitsmarktforschung rucken sollte.
A New Key Management and Authentication Method for WSN Based on CPK

Nowadays research and applications of wireless sensor network have attracted peoplepsilas attention. Since sensor nodes in WSN are resource-constrained, the security solutions for WSN become difficult. In this paper, we propose to use combined public key technique in wireless sensor network. A new key management scheme, a key agreement and mutual authentication protocol based on CPK for WSN are given, which can fulfill confidential communication and mutual authentication between nodes under resource-constrained condition. Compared with other schemes, this scheme assures that wireless sensor network is more efficient, scalable and it has high key connectivity and strong resilience.
The GPS vector tracking loop based on the iterated unscented unscented Kalman filter under the large initial error

Recently, several researchers have studied the vector tracking loop to obtain an improved signal tracking performance in GPS receiver. The advantage of the vector tracking loop is that noise is reduced in all of the tracking channels. Also this can operate successfully when the conventional tracking loop approach fails. However the vector tracking loop provides a degraded performance when the navigation filter has the large initial error because this loop controls the digital controlled oscillator of each channel by using the navigation filter. To solve this problem, this paper proposes the vector tracking loop based on the iterated unscented Kalman filter (IUKF). The simulation results show that the vector tracking loop based on the IUKF is better than that based on the EKF under the large initial error.
Progressive retinal dysfunction in diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis

Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN) is a progressive retinal disorder related to subretinal migration of a nematode worm, usually occurring in healthy individuals.1–3 It was reported first in North America and subsequently in South America and Asia.4,5 Different species of nematode have been identified,6 with a larger worm identified as a common parasite of raccoons ( Baylisascaris procyonis ), and a smaller worm causative of DUSN not yet characterised taxonomically. The early phase of the disease may show round yellowish outer retinal lesions with retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) changes and possible mild vitritis or papilloedema.1–3 Late stages show multiple chorioretinal atrophic lesions, vessel narrowing, and disc pallor. Differential diagnoses include multifocal choroiditis and other “white dot syndromes. ” Careful and repeated examination may be necessary to detect the worm. Treatment relies on identification of the worm during funduscopy and direct thermal coagulation. Recently, a series of patients have shown benefit when treated orally with the anthelmintic agent, albendazole.7 We report DUSN in a young boy in whom progressive electrophysiological deterioration occurred over a 4 year period before the worm was detected. A healthy 9 year old boy, born in the …
Left ventricular length dependent activation in the isovolumetric rat heart.

STUDY OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to examine, in a whole heart preparation, the relationship between length changes in cardiac muscle and tension development and length dependent activation. DESIGN Rat hearts were perfused by the Langendorff technique and isovolumetric pressure changes in the left ventricle, produced by increasing diastolic pressures (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 mm Hg), were studied at different calcium concentrations (0.5, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75 mmol.litre-1). EXPERIMENTAL MATERIALS 20 whole heart preparations were obtained from albino rats of either sex, weight 180-240 g (females) and 220-330 g (males). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In a comparison of ventricular diastolic upsilon systolic pressure curves, normalised with respect to maximum isovolumetric systolic pressure, there was a separation and an upward displacement of the curves with increments in calcium concentration in the perfusate. CONCLUSIONS The results show, as in isolated preparations, that there is length dependent activation in the whole rat heart.
Camouflage, communication and thermoregulation: lessons from colour changing organisms

Organisms capable of rapid physiological colour change have become model taxa in the study of camouflage because they are able to respond dynamically to the changes in their visual environment. Here, we briefly review the ways in which studies of colour changing organisms have contributed to our understanding of camouflage and highlight some unique opportunities they present. First, from a proximate perspective, comparison of visual cues triggering camouflage responses and the visual perception mechanisms involved can provide insight into general visual processing rules. Second, colour changing animals can potentially tailor their camouflage response not only to different backgrounds but also to multiple predators with different visual capabilities. We present new data showing that such facultative crypsis may be widespread in at least one group, the dwarf chameleons. From an ultimate perspective, we argue that colour changing organisms are ideally suited to experimental and comparative studies of evolutionary interactions between the three primary functions of animal colour patterns: camouflage; communication; and thermoregulation.
Transcytosis of plasma macromolecules in endothelial cells: A cell biological survey

The modern exploration of endothelial cell biology is a largely interdisciplinary exercise. Cell biological, physiological, and more recently molecular biology approaches were used to study the pathways and the organelles involved in transcytosis of macromolecules in endothelial cell (EC). Here we discuss mainly the cell biological findings that revealed that EC have the attributes to fulfill the transport function. They are polarized cells, heterogeneous, and, thus, structurally and functionally adapted to the vascular bed in which they reside. The structural heterogeneity involves the number and distribution of plasmalemmal vesicles (caveolae), their generated channels, and the organization of intercellular junctions. The closely related functional heterogeneity comprises the degree of permeability for plasma molecules that vary as a function of organ. The EC are endowed with the cellular machinery to perform (1) endocytosis, that is to take up plasma proteins and the molecules they carry to be used for themselves (cholesterol‐carrying low density lipoproteins, fatty acid carrying albumin, iron carrying transferrin, etc.), and (2) transcytosis, which implies to transport plasma proteins to the subjacent cells and tissues. The possible pathways for transport of molecules are transcellular, via caveolae and channels, and paracellular via intercellular junctions. Most of the results obtained, so far, indicate that transcytosis of albumin, low‐density lipoproteins, metaloproteases, and insulin, is performed by cargo‐vesicles and their generated channels. The paracellular pathway can be used for water and ions; in postcapillary venules, at the level of which ∼30% of junctions are open to a space of 6 nm, small molecules may take this route. Recent data obtained by molecular biology techniques revealed that caveolae are endowed with the molecular machinery for fusion/fission, docking, and movement across cells. Moreover, the various and numerous molecules that have been detected in the caveolae membrane and the different functions assumed by this differentiated microdomain strengthen the postulate that there are at least two or more types of vesicles molecularly tailored for the local physiological requirements. Microsc. Res. Tech. 57:269–288, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiple mechanisms for transcriptional regulation of the myc gene family in small-cell lung cancer

The molecular mechanisms reported to regulate the expression of myc family genes are multiple and complex and include gene amplification, transcriptional activation, transcriptional attenuation, and mRNA stability. We have investigated which of these mechanisms are responsible for the extreme variation in myc gene family mRNA levels observed in human small-cell lung cancer cell lines. In addition to gene amplification, a block to nascent mRNA chain elongation, causing attenuation of transcription, is an important regulatory mechanism controlling the steady-state levels of c-myc and L-myc mRNA. The loss of transcriptional attenuation is correlated with overexpression of these two genes in cell lines which do not show gene amplification. Expression of c-myc mRNA appears to be dependent on promoter activity and attenuator function. In contrast, regulation of expression of the N-myc gene does not involve transcriptional attenuation; steady-state mRNA levels are correlated with promoter activity as well as gene amplification. We conclude that transcriptional regulation of each member of the myc gene family is accomplished by a different assortment of complex mechanisms, including gene copy number, promoter activation, and transcriptional attenuation. Interference at multiple points in this complex regulatory process appears to be an important mechanism by which small-cell lung cancer and other human tumors evade growth control.
Increased apoptosis induction by 121F mutant p53

p53 mutants in tumours have a reduced affinity for DNA and a reduced ability to induce apoptosis. We describe a mutant with the opposite phenotype, an increased affinity for some p53‐binding sites and an increased ability to induce apoptosis. The apoptotic function requires transcription activation by p53. The mutant has an altered sequence specificity and selectively fails to activate MDM2 transcription. Loss of MDM2 feedback results in overexpression of the mutant, but the mutant kills better than wild‐type p53 even in MDM2‐null cells. Thus the apoptotic phenotype is due to a combination of decreased MDM2 feedback control and increased or unbalanced expression of other apoptosis‐inducing p53 target genes. To identify these genes, DNA chips were screened using RNA from cells expressing the apoptosis‐inducing mutant, 121F, and a sequence‐specificity mutant with the reciprocal phenotype, 277R. Two potential new mediators of p53‐dependent apoptosis were identified, Rad and PIR121, which are induced better by 121F than wild‐type p53 and not induced by 277R. The 121F mutant kills untransformed MDM2‐null but not wild‐type mouse embryo fibroblasts and kills tumour cells irrespective of p53 status. It may thus expand the range of tumours which can be treated by p53 gene therapy.
MINIREVIEWS Type 2C Protein Phosphatases in Fungi

Type 2C Ser/Thr phosphatases are a remarkable class of protein phosphatases, which are conserved in eukaryotes and involved in a large variety of functional processes. Unlike in other Ser/Thr phosphatases, the catalytic polypeptide is not usually associated with regulatory subunits, and functional specificity is achieved by encoding multiple isoforms. For fungi, most information comes from the study of type 2C protein phosphatase (PP2C) enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where seven PP2C-encoding genes (PTC1 to -7) with diverse functions can be found. More recently, data on several Candida albicans PP2C proteins became available, suggesting that some of them can be involved in virulence. In this work we review the available literature on fungal PP2Cs and explore sequence databases to provide a comprehensive overview of these enzymes in fungi.
Scanning electron microscopy of the developing alimentary canal in the chick.

Fresh pullet eggs (White Leghorn strain) were incubated from 11 to 21 days. Embryos were killed by decapitation and portions of the esophagus, crop, proventriculus, gizzard, small intestine, caecum and rectum were dissected and removed rapidly. The inner lining of the gut was exposed by using small needles to pin the cut edges of the tube to a wax plate immersed in Hank's fixative modified with aldehydes (Litke and Low, ′77). Preparation for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was routine. Esophageal cilia appeared in tufts along with microvilli and microplicae. These were more frequent at the lower end of the esophagus. Developing cilia were present. In the 12-day proventriculus, structures resembling macrovilli were predominant. These disappeared by the seventeenth day, when aggregates of rounded cells covered with microvilli appeared. The gizzard acquired a prominent rounded cellular appearance with microvilli at 17 days. These cells increasingly elongated and flattened out towards hatching (21 days). Observations of the duodenum confirmed those made by Grey (′72). A hexagonal pattern of cells was also observed. The ridges of the ileal portion of the small intestine were larger and fuller than in the duodenum. Formation of rectal villi was not as well organized as in the small intestine. Villi could be seen scattered at random at 12 days. By 17 days, definitive ridges were seen. The villi in the cloacal region of the rectal area were extremely long and elaborate, as previously reported by Zeitschmann (′02, cited by Calhoun, ′57). Our observations show that the mucosal surfaces become highly specialized in different parts of the tract during development. Marked changes in geometric form occur during development.
Parvovirus B19 in pregnancy: prenatal diagnosis and management of fetal complications

Purpose of review Parvovirus B19 infection is often considered a mild and self-limiting disease of minor clinical importance. This review aims to raise awareness of recently discovered potentially devastating consequences of this infection in pregnancy, and provides updated guidelines on diagnosis and management. Recent findings In contrast to previous beliefs, parvovirus B19 infection during any stage of pregnancy may not only cause fetal death, but may also result in severe and irreversible neurological sequelae in survivors. Improved diagnostic techniques allow more reliable and earlier diagnosis of fetal disease. Summary Clinicians need to be aware of the risk of adverse outcome of parvovirus B19 infection in pregnancy, and sometimes the long interval between exposure and fetal symptoms. Accurate diagnosis using PCR and weekly ultrasound checks ups with Doppler measurement of middle cerebral artery flow velocity up to 20 weeks postexposure may improve detection of fetal disease. More timely treatment likely results in improved outcome.
Energy aware virtual network embedding with dynamic demands

In network virtualization, how to efficiently embed virtual networks with both node and link demands into a shared physical network, namely virtual network embedding, has attracted significant attention. Most of prior studies on this problem have the following two limitations: i) they assumed that the virtual network demands are constant values, which does not hold in real-world network since such demands may vary a lot over time; ii) their primary goal was to generate more revenues for the physical network, with no consideration of the energy cost, which has become a critical issue for the physical network. In this paper, we bridge the gap and study the energy aware virtual network embedding with dynamic demands. Specifically, we first model the dynamics of virtual network demands as a combination of following Gaussian distribution and exhibiting daily diurnal pattern. We then design an efficient heuristic algorithm by leveraging the dynamic characteristic of virtual network demands to minimize the energy consumption while keeping high revenue for the physical network. We implemented our algorithm in C++ and performed side-by-side comparison with prior algorithm. Extensive simulations show that our algorithm can significantly reduce the energy cost by up to 16% over the state-of-the-art algorithm, while maintaining near the same revenue.
A DIFFERENTIAL INFLUENCE OF AUGMENTED FEEDBACK ON LEARNING AND ON PERFORMANCE. TECHN DOCUM REP AMRL-TDR-63-12.

Abstract : A test was conducted of the hypothesis that the training value of augmented feedback in a tracking situation will depend upon the discernibility of input and fundamental feedback signals. Subjects performed a one-dimensional compensatory tracking task using a knob for positional control over the cursor. For two of four groups of subjects the reference element was noisy, oscillating at random about a null position, while for the other two it was not. Augmented feedback, in the form of auditory clicks at the rate of 2 per second when on target, was given one of each pair of groups during training. On subsequent tests the performance of the group trained with augmented feedback and performing with the noisy display deteriorated to the level of its control group trained without feedback. But, the performance of the group trained with augmented feedback and performing on the noise free display continued unchanged and superior to that of its control group trained without feed back. The results are regarded as confirming the hypothesis and as helping to explain previous contradictory findings on the value of augmented feedback.
Probiotic potential of thermotolerant lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from cooked meat products.

Ten thermotolerant lactic acid bacteria Pediococcus pentosaceus (4 strains), Lactobacillus plantarum (3 strains), Enterococcus faecium (2 strains) and Aerococcus viridans (1 strains) – isolated from cooked meat products were evaluated to identify their probiotic properties, including tolerance to low pH, tolerance to taurocholic acid and bile, coaggregation, autoaggregation and adherence to HEp-2 epithelial cells. Fifty percent of the strains were intolerant to low pH and simulated gastric juice. All strains grew in taurocholic acid and bile concentrations greater than 0.3%, indicating they are good probiotic candidates. Less than 20% of the strains coaggregated with an E. coli indicator while 30% coaggregated with a Salmonella strain. Eight of the strains exhibited good autoaggregation capacity at 24 h and all ten had a high adherence capacity for HEp-2 cells. The studied thermotolerant lactic acid bacteria are promising ingredients in the production of cooked meat products with probiotic potential.
MAPEAMENTO PRELIMINAR DA SUSCETIBILIDADE NATURAL A MOVIMENTOS DE MASSA DA SERRA DO MAR PARANAENSE APOIADO NA ANÁLISE DIGITAL DO RELEVO

Apoiando-se na compreensao de que o relevo e um importante condicionante dos processos de movimentos de massa nas vertentes e que a morfologia pode ser representada por atributos topograficos extraido de MDT, empregou-se a hipsometria, declividade e plano de curvatura, integrados por meio de algebra de mapas, como variaveis representativas na elaboracao do mapa de suscetibilidade da Porcao Norte da Serra da Prata (PNSP), na Serra do Mar Paranaense, area que concentrou um conjunto de processos no evento ocorrido em 11/03/2011. Os resultados obtidos foram classes de muito alta, alta e moderada suscetibilidade, contemplando: a) processos de deslizamentos, b) corridas de detritos, c) deslizamentos e corridas de detritos em acao conjunta e d) inundacoes associadas a corridas de lama. O mapa foi comparado com um inventario de cicatrizes que resultou em 89% de coincidencia. Outra etapa de verificacao apoiou-se em um conjunto de 86 pontos de controle de campo, desses 88% mostraram-se coincidentes com as unidades de suscetibilidade. Amparando-se na eficiencia dos resultados obtidos para a PNSP os mesmos criterios foram empregados na elaboracao do mapeamento preliminar da suscetibilidade a processos de movimentos de massa da Bacia Litorânea Paranaense, cujo produto devera ser submetido a validacao e controle de campo.