Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aerobic Conversion of Glycerol to 2,3-Butanediol by a Novel Klebsiellavariicola SRP3 Strain

The manufacture of biodiesel generates about 10% crude glycerol as a core by- product. This research is to identify novel bacterial strains which are capable of efficiently converting glycerol aerobically, and improve the strains for large scale production of value-added products. The production of a major product 2,3-butanediol (2,3- BD) from glycerol as a sole carbon source by the newly isolated Klebsiella variicola SRP3 are reported in a series of batch processes under aerobic condition. This study also compares the bacterial cell biomass, bio-products and glycerol dehydrogenase (GDH) enzyme production of K. variicola SRP3 isolated from paper mill waste when grown in aerobic condition. The incubation temperature, pH, glycerol concentration and nitrogen sources are the most important factors ruling the glycerol dehydrogenase. Acidic initial pH (pH 5.0) led to enhanced GDH activity (558.2 μmol/min/mg protein), yielding 25.33 g/L 2,3-BD, 7.6 g/L 1,3-PDO and 2.2 g/L acetoin from 50.0 g/L glycerol. In our aerobic batch culture the mutated strain K. variicola SRM3 exhibited 1.3 fold increased GDH activity of 721.5 units/mg protein from 558.2 units/mg protein, yielding 29.87 g/L 2,3-BD, 7.08 g/L 1,3-PDO and 2.02 g/L acetoin from 50.0 g/L glycerol. In our report, the optimal conditions for maximal GDH enzyme activity were defined, and 0.79 g/g product yield was achieved by the muted strain K. variicola SRM3, which is the highest amount obtained from glycerol as a sole carbon source until now. The research has for the first time proved that this K. variicola species can efficiently convert glycerol.
Reheating in Inflationary Cosmology: Theory and Applications

Reheating is an important part of inflationary cosmology. It describes the production of Standard Model particles after the phase of accelerated expansion. We review the reheating process with a focus on an in-depth discussion of the preheating stage, which is characterized by exponential particle production due to a parametric resonance or tachyonic instability. We give a brief overview of the thermalization process after preheating and end with a survey of some applications to supersymmetric theories and to other issues in cosmology, such as baryogenesis, dark matter, and metric preheating.
Controlling factors limiting timberline position and shifts in the Sudetes: A review

Three isolated massifs in the Sudetes, Central Europe, are elevated sufficiently high to allow for the development of the treeline ecotone. These are the Karkonosze/Krkonose in the West Sudetes and Hruby Jesenik and Masyw Śnieznika/Kralický Sněnik in the East Sudetes. The upper limit of closed tree stands (i.e. timberline) is located at c. 1250 m a.s. l. on average in the Krkonose, but with significant variability spanning more than 500 m. In the East Sudetes the respective elevation is higher, above 1300 m a.s. l. , and the variability is smaller. While temperature is the primary factor governing the uppermost tree stands, second-order climatic factors play an important role in shaping treeline ecotone position, particularly wind and snow accumulation patterns. Active surface processes such as debris flows and snow avalanches force the timberline to descend and account for its locally very irregular course. There is a history of long-term human impact on the position of the timberline, with its peak in the 17-19th centuries when high-mountain meadows were extensively used for grazing and haymaking. In the last century the overall trend of timberline ascent associated with abandonment of agricultural land and temperature rise has been interrupted by the episode of catastrophic forest decline due to air pollution.
The Relationship between Airlines’ Corporate Image and the Expectation toward Inflight Hospitality Services

This present study attempts to provide empirical evidence on the influence of the airline’s corporate image on the passengers’ expectations of airline hospitality. Specifically, this study seeks to explain the impacts of the two specific dimensions of corporate image namely financial corporate image, as well as managerial corporate image on passengers’ airline hospitality expectations. This study involving questionnaire surveys of 546 air travellers was conducted at Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA). Partial Least Squares (PLS) was used as the primary statistical analysis method to test the hypotheses of this study. The findings of this study revealed that out of the two dimensions of corporate image, only the managerial corporate image has a strong positive relationship with passengers’ expectation towards airline hospitality. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2013. v2n11p179
How to change a shrimp into an intelligent drug carrier

Design of hybrid systems (structures composed of a carrier and pharmacological agent) for controlled release inside the body is a major direction in creation of new forms of drugs. These novel drug carriers should possess better accessibility and effectiveness with limited side-effects. The main purpose of this study was to construct a new form of chitosan carrier with the ability to transform from sol to gel at the physiological temperature of human body. Controlled drug release systems were formed by mixing b-sodium glycerophosphate with the solutions of chitosan glutaminate.
Detritivory and the stoichiometry of nutrient cycling by a dominant fish species in lakes of varying productivity

Little is known about the stoichiometry of nutrient cycling by detritivores. Therefore, we explored stoichiometric relationships in an omnivorous/detritivorous fish (gizzard shad, Dorosoma cepedianum) in three lakes that differed in productivity. Gizzard shad can feed on plankton and sediment detritus, but in all three lakes adult gizzard shad derived >98% of carbon (C) and phosphorus (P), and >90% of nitrogen (N) from sediment detritus, and the remainder from zooplankton. Gizzard shad selectively consumed detritus with higher C, N and P concentrations than ambient lake sediments. Selective detritivory (i.e. the nutrient content of consumed detritus divided by the nutrient content of ambient detritus) was most pronounced in the lake with the lowest detrital nutrient concentrations. N and P cycling rates per fish were also consistently higher in this lake, in agreement with the prediction of stoichiometry theory that excretion rates should increase with food nutrient content. Among-lake differences in nutrient cycling rates were unrelated to inter-lake variation in fish body nutrient contents, which was minimal. The N:P ratio excreted was near Redfield (∼14:1) in all three lakes. Stoichiometric analyses showed that the C:N and C:P ratios of sediment detritus were much higher (∼2.8×) than ratios of gizzard shad bodies, revealing substantial N and P imbalances between consumers and their food source. Gizzard shad alleviate N imbalance by selectively feeding on high N detritus (low C:N, high N:P), and apparently alleviate P imbalance by excreting nutrients at a higher N:P than that of their food or their bodies. Thus, this detritivore apparently regulates nutrient acquisition and allocation via both pre-absorption processes (selective feeding) and post-absorptive processes (differential N and P excretion).
Skills, training and development within an insular labour market: The changing role of catering managers in the healthcare environment

Purpose – The paper aims to discuss growing public interest in the non‐clinical environment of hospitals and other healthcare facilities which has recently been greatly sharpened by political debate and professional concern. Design/methodology/approach – The research was based on a survey of members of the Catering Managers Association in order to determine their perceptions of their jobs, their career paths to date and future aspirations and the skills that they require for their work. Usable responses were received from 74 members or 23 per cent of the Association. Findings – The background and training of catering professionals in healthcare are considered together with their long‐term career aspirations. The key finding is that the healthcare environment constitutes a relatively insular labour market within which inward and outward mobility is rare. Managers in the sector are probably under‐trained for their level of responsibility and are limited in their career aspirations outside of the sector. Research limitations/implications – This study provides a limited insight into a complex work environment and findings are based on a relatively small response rate. Non‐members of the Catering Managers Association were not surveyed. Practical implications – The study poses challenges to the healthcare sector in addressing the need for more effective career management and development for managers with a facilities and catering function. The issue of vocational insularity is one that needs to be addressed. Originality/value – This paper represents the first study of its kind to address career development and training issues with respect to catering managers within healthcare in the UK and raises important questions about the insularity of this relatively large national labour market.
Development under the surface – unintended consequences of settler institutions in Southern Rhodesia, 1896-1962

According to the debate on the long-term impact of colonialism, the central concern is the institutions the colonial powers imposed on the colonies. The main line of argument in this paradigm is that such institutions, once jelled, persisted and provide explanations to current-day development success or failure. While this ‘from above’ perspective might be natural and reflect the fact that colonial powers indeed are alien rulers declaring supremacy imposing a layer of arrangements for governing the society, the analysis is nevertheless often partial. What this debate misses is that institutions might create a multitude of social forces, some of them perhaps in opposing directions and development dynamics might come about in an unexpected manner. The aim of this paper is to take the case of Southern Rhodesia (c. 1900-1962) – a typical African settler economy - to further add to this discussion by shedding light on a largely discounted economic phenomenon taking place in the rural economy, namely the rise of commercially oriented Africans, in the study epitomized by the Native Purchase Area farmers, that expanded their market activities by intensified use of land and labour. We argue that the relative success of this group largely could be understood as an unintended consequence of settler-oriented colonial institutions (Less)
Consortial Effect of Endophytic and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria for the Management of Early Blight of Tomato Incited by Alternaria Solani

Tomato, early blight caused by Alternaria solani has been known to cause severe yield losses. Hence, attempts were made to develop an effective ecofriendly strategy to manage the disease using endophytic and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Accordingly, the strains of Bacillus subtilis (EPCO16 and EPC5) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf, Py15 and Fp7) were tested individually and in combination for their effectiveness against early blight of tomato incited by A. solani under in vitro and pot culture conditions. The results revealed that the strains of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens were compatible. Under in vitro conditions the combined application of EPCO16+Pf1 was found to effectively inhibit the mycelial growth of the pathogen and promote the growth of tomato seedlings when compared to application of individual strains of the antagonists. Further, a significant reduction in early blight incidence of tomato under greenhouse conditions was observed due to the combined application of EPCO16+Pf1. These findings suggest that synergistic consortia of biocontrol agents may be successfully employed as an eco-friendly strategy for the management of early blight of tomato.
FEEDING ECOLOGY OF THE ASIAN ELEPHANT ELEPHAS MAXIMUS LINNAEUS IN THE NILGIRI BIOSPHERE RESERVE, SOUTHERN INDIA

1Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, S.B. Singh Road, Mumbai 400 001, Maharashtra, India. 2Present address: Asian Nature Conservation Foundation, Innovation Centre, First Floor, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, India. Email: nagarajan.baskaran@gmail.com 3Present address: The Periyar Foundation, Thekkady 685 536 Kerala, India. Email: wildbala@gmail.com 4No. 5, Perumal Kovil Street, Porayar 609 307, Tamil Nadu, India. 584 BC Camp, Belgaum 590 001, Karnataka, India. Email: ajaydesai.1@gmail.com
Physiological and Psychophysical Aspects of Shallow Water Exercise

This study investigated the cardiorespiratory responses to perceptually self- regulated shallow water exercise (SR-SWE) efforts. Females (26 ± 6 years) performed a series of SWE bouts prescribed at rating of perceived exertion (RPE) 9, 11, 13, 15, and 17 (Borg scale) and an incremental, SR-SWE bout to a max of RPE 20. Oxygen uptake (VO2 ), heart rate (HR), and blood lactate (BLa) were monitored. VO 2, HR, and BLa ranged from 0.68 ± 0.13 l·min –1 , 90 ± 16 bpm, 2.0 ± 0.7 mM (RPE 9) to 2.21 ± 0.21 l·min–1 , 162 ± 11 bpm, and 3.9 ± 1.6 mM (RPE 17), respectively. Peak VO2, HR, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and BLa were 2.72 ± 0.33 l·min –1 , 181 ± 7 bpm, 1.05 ± 0.05, and 8.1 ± 1.7 mM, respectively. The group linear regression equation was as follows: VO 2 = –0.97 ± 0.189 (RPE), R2 = . 89 (p < .0001). The regression model predicted VO 2 peak of 2.81 ± 0.28 l·min –1 equivalent to the measured value of 2.72 ± 0.33 l·min–1 (p = .33). Findings suggest that self-regulation of intensity based on prescribed RPE is a viable way of regulating intensity while exercising in a shallow water medium.
The value of field margins for farmland birds

De afgelopen 60 jaar is de landbouw sterk geintensiveerd. Dit bracht veranderingen teweeg in zowel de agrarische werkzaamheden als de samenstelling van het landschap: het gebruik van bestrijdingsmiddelen en (kunst)mest nam toe, percelen werden groter, de diversiteit aan gewassen liep terug en natuurlijke elementen werden uit het landschap verwijderd. Om het nog altijd doorgaande verlies van biodiversiteit te stoppen is het agrarisch natuurbeheer ingevoerd in Nederland en andere Europese landen. In akkerbouwgebieden komt met name de akkerrand veel voor, een strook langs de akker die is ingezaaid met grassen en bloeiende planten. Het doel van deze beheersmaatregel is onder meer het bieden van foerageer- en broedgelegenheid voor vogels. In dit proefschrift wordt de waarde van akkerranden voor vogels geevalueerd, met speciale aandacht voor de Veldleeuwerik.
Bacteriocins and lactic acid bacteria - a minireview

Fermentation of various foods by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is one of the oldest forms of biopreservation practised by mankind. Bacterial antagonism has been recognized for over a century but in recent years this phenomenon has received more scientific attention, particulary in the use of various strains of lactic acid bacteria. One important attribute of LAB is their ability to produce antimicrobicrobial compounds called bacteriocin. In recent years, interest in the compounds has grown substantially due to their potential usefulness as natural substitute for chemical food preservatives in the production of foods with enhanced shelf life and/or safety. This balance is achived by its inhibitory effect upon the harmful pathogenic microorganisms. This paper presents some background on the scientific research about lactic acid bacteria as probiotics and their bacteriocins for healthy nutrition of fermented food. Probiotics had been of interest in the promotion of good health in animals and man. Some of the positive effects of probiotics are: growth promotion of farm animals, protection of host from intestinal infections, alleviation of lactose intolerance, relief of constipation, anticarcinogenic effect, anticholesterolaemic effects, nutrient synthesis and bioavailability, prevention of genital and urinary tract infections and imunostimulatory effects.
Interactive comment on “Distribution of gaseous and particulate organic composition during dark α-pinene ozonolysis” by M. Camredon et al

as suggested by the referees / comment authors. Further points Referee 1: -". page 27847, where it is indicated that the theoretical studies of Peeters and coworkers have identified possible alternative pathways which may have a significant impact. Given the nature of the pathways generally involves isomerisations to give products with a larger number of polar substituents, this would presumably tend to make the product distribution less volatile. Does the model-measurement comparison allow any view to be formed in relation to the importance of these omitted pathways through identification (or not) of the masses corresponding to the postulated products? It would be good to be able to either confirm of refute the pathways (e.g., in section 5.1 or section 5.2). " Peeters et al. (2001) and Vereecken et al. (2007) have identified alternative OHinitiated oxidation pathways of a-pinene, such as isomerisation of the peroxy radical PROH3 by 1,6-H shift or ring closure and of the alkoxy radical AROH3 by 1,5-H shift or ring closure. These pathways would lead to the formation of multi-oxygenated secondary species, and thus species having a low volatility. First generation products formed according to these additional oxidation pathways are listed in the revised manuscript (table 6). In the case of the gas-phase composition / mass spectra, the peaks which are observed but not simulated (principally, at m/z 149 and m/z 165) do not correspond to any of the first generation products formed by the alternative OH-initiated oxidation pathways of a-pinene suggested by Peeters et al. (2001), Fantechi et al. (2002), Vereecken and Peeters (2004) or Vereecken et al. (2007) (revised manuscript, section 5.1.3). In terms of the condensed phase composition however, all of these additional species have a molar mass that corresponds to a peak present in the positive ESI-MS mass spectrum. Species having a molecular mass of 184, 186
It's Your Turn: Experiments with Three-Player Public Good Games

We report results from experiments designed to investigate the prevalence of turn-taking in three-person finitely repeated threshold public good games without communication. Individuals can each make a discrete contribution. If the number of contributors is at least equal to the threshold, a public benefit accrues to all group members. Players take turns to provide the public good each round when the endowments are homogeneous. When the turn-taking path is at odds with efficiency or under private information of endowments, players seldom engage in taking turns. An endogenous-move protocol limits the frequency of mis-coordinated outcomes every round.
The Role of miRNAs Playing in Human Cancers Chemosensitivity

Malignant carcinoma is one of the most threatening diseases to our human being’s life and health. However, chemotherapy, as one of the principal modes of treatment, especially for metastatic cancers, has been blocked by drug resistance, which contributing to disease progression and leading to a high mortality rate. Thus, research on both mechanisms and resolutions to chemo resistance seems extremely indispensable and urgent. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), the recently emerging class of novel molecules, have been reported to have close correlation with cancer. They act as oncogene or tumor suppressor gene, and growing evidence indicates that the desregulation of miRNAs involves in drug resistance. Alteration of miRNA’s expression leads to obviously different responsiveness to anticancer drugs. It implicates that miRNA may be a promising therapeutic target for improvement of chemoresistance, and it is inevitable that the settlement of drug resistance will be a giant leap and milestone in treatment of malignance. So in this review, we’ll elaborate the potential and promising role miRNAs playing in clinical treatment and progress.
Extinction of Species from Establishment of Large Water Projects: The Case of Aloe polyphylla in Lesotho

Water is one resource that can be used in different ways. It is sometimes shared between countries as some countries have too little while others have more. When this sharing of water happens normally biodiversity is negatively affected from constructions involved. Some of these species have extinct while others are left highly endangered. Spiral aloe (Aloe polyphylla), endemic to Lesotho only but valuable worldwide is a good example. The aim of this study was to learn about the life of Aloe polyphylla and then assess how far did Lesotho Highlands Water Project, as a large water project endangered this life of Aloe polyphylla in Lesotho. The research also involved finding out which measures were used to either avoid or remediate this problem. The research was done between May and July 2008. Interviews were conducted in Katse Botanical Garden, 'Muela Hydropower station, Ts'ehlanyane National Park, Ts'ehlanyane village and Ministry of Environment in Lesotho. Both closed-ended and open-ended interviews were used to gather information. Purposive methods were used to sample the respondents in all areas of study. The results showed that Aloe polyphylla has been highly affected that it has extinct in Ts'ehlanyane area. No natural Aloe polyphylla was found. The results also showed that propagation has been used as a remediation method. (Nature and Science. 2009; 7(7):15-20). (ISSN: 1545-0740).
SECURITY AND PRIVACY IN BIG DATA ANALYTICS

The growing need for computing on bigdata is getting higher, the three basic dimensions of big data are (referred as "3V" challenges) high volume, variety and velocity. The other upcoming challenge in the area of bigdata is Veracity, which means the trustworthiness of the data that is how secure the data is received, stored, processed and transmitted. Hence this Veracity is becoming a new dimension in the bigdata era. In this paper, we present a survey on various techniques that impose security and privacy over the bigdata. We elaborate on the techniques like cryptographic algorithms, Privacy-Preserving Cosine Similarity Computing protocol (PCSC), Optimized Balanced Scheduling (OBS), a trapdoor function and mention the differences in terms of performance based on cost and time.
The Comparative African Regional Economics of Globalization in Financial Allocation Efficiency

The study assesses the role of globalization-fuelled regionalization policies on financial allocation efficiency in four economic and monetary regions in Africa for the period 1980 to 2008. Banking system and financial system efficiencies are used as dependent variables whereas seven bundled and unbundled globalization variables are employed as independent indicators. The bundling exercise is achieved by means of principal component analysis while the empirical evidence is based on interactive Fixed Effects regressions. The following findings are established. First, financial allocation efficiency is more sensitive to financial openness compared to trade openness and most sensitive to globalization. The relationship between allocation efficiency and globalization-fuelled regionalization policies is: (i) Kuznets or inverted U-shape in the UEMOA and CEMAC zones (evidence of decreasing returns to allocation efficiency from globalization-fuelled regionalization) and (ii) U-shape overwhelmingly in the COMESA and scantily in the EAC (increasing returns to allocation efficiency from globalization-fuelled regionalization). Established shapes are relevant to specific globalization dynamics within regions. ‘Economic and monetary’ regions are more prone to surplus liquidity than purely economic regions. Policy implications and measures of fighting surplus liquidity are discussed.