Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A narrative review of skeletal muscle atrophy in critically ill children: pathogenesis and chronic sequelae

Muscle wasting is now recognized as a growing, debilitating problem in critically ill adults, resulting in long-term deficits in function and an impaired quality of life. Ultrasonography has demonstrated decreases in skeletal muscle size during pediatric critical illness, although variations exist. However, muscle protein turnover patterns during pediatric critical illness are unclear. Understanding muscle protein turnover during critical illness is important in guiding interventions to reduce muscle wasting. The aim of this review was to explore the possible protein synthesis and breakdown patterns in pediatric critical illness. Muscle protein turnover studies in critically ill children are lacking, with the exception of those with burn injuries. Children with burn injuries demonstrate an elevation in both muscle protein breakdown (MPB) and synthesis during critical illness. Extrapolations from animal models and whole-body protein turnover studies in children suggest that children may be more dependent on anabolic factors (e.g., nutrition and growth factors), and may experience greater muscle degradation in response to insults than adults. Yet, children, particularly the younger ones, are more responsive to anabolic agents, suggesting modifiable muscle wasting during critical illness. There is a lack of evidence for muscle wasting in critically ill children and its correlation with outcomes, possibly due to current available methods to study muscle protein turnover in children—most of which are invasive or tedious. In summary, children may experience muscle wasting during critical illness, which may be more reversible by the appropriate anabolic agents than adults. Age appears an important determinant of skeletal muscle turnover. Less invasive methods to study muscle protein turnover and associations with long-term outcome would strengthen the evidence for muscle wasting in critically ill children.
The space observation systems’ imagers computer modeling

The computer modeling of widely used in the space observation systems charge coupled devices matrix imagers with the time delay and integration regime is presented here. To suppress the aliasing problem of output images distortion, caused by the matrix discrete structure, the algorithm of every pixel conversion to 9 subpixels has been modeled. This algorithm performs the digital interpolation of output images and presents an approximation of the Kotel’nikov two dimensional low-pass filter. To study the effect of the imager’s output signals processing the Modulation transfer function with a sinusoidal law of the matrix illumination had been used. The image motion influence on the imager’s resolution had been modeled to estimate the Modulation transfer function anisotropy in the time delay and integration regime. The paper results open new ways to improve the space observation systems’ resolution.
Towards a Spontaneous Community Participation Model in Community-Based Tourism

This article proposes guidelines and themes related to the advancement of spontaneous community participation for community-based tourism (CBT). Community-based tourism has its own difficulties and challenges, however it can still be a valuable strategy to advance community development through tourism. Globally, CBT has been embraced as a tourism development approach in various geographical contexts. In South Africa the Government has published specific Operational guidelines for community-based tourism and reflects on community participation in tourism over the last decades. This paper does not intend to idealise CBT or deny the possible use of external assistance. However, it proposes a facilitative approach, as the base of spontaneous participation to positively favour community spontaneous participation in CBT. This article proposes a community participation model, based on the extrapolation of themes on spontaneous participation. The proposed model is flexible and adjustable to various contexts aimed for global relevance. This is a conceptual paper based on secondary data and was compiled from existing literature and online sources.
DYNAMIC SELF-ASSEMBLY IN E.COLI BACTERIA SUSPENSION

We experimentally investigate self-assembly in bacteria suspension under low frequency alternating electric field. We observe the emergence of electric field-induced bacterial clusters as a function of electric field strength and bacterial concentrations. Above the electric critical field, bacterial cell self-organize into clusters, with further increase in field strength or bacteria concentration, a second critical point is reached, where 3D out of equilibrium structures are formed. Our findings demonstrates that the self-assembly of microswimmers can be controlled via external electric field. The observed cluster size dynamic equilibrium is in contrast with the features of cluster dynamics observed in cancer cells driven by adhesion where the cluster size distribution never reaches dynamic equilibrium. These results can offer a new pathway to self-organize living cells in biomaterials
An investigation into the flouting of conversational maxims employed by male and female guests in the American talk show "The Ellen Show"

Grice’s maxims are basic rules for interlocutors to follow in conversations. Nevertheless, when the speaker intentionally makes the hearer look for the real meaning beyond what is said implicitly, (s)he employs conversational maxim flouting. This article aims at investigating types of conversational maxim flouting and rhetorical strategies employed by male and female guests in the American talk show “The Ellen Show” and discovering similarities and differences in terms of the flouting of conversational maxims between two genders. The study design is based on a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches and the application of descriptive and comparative methods. The samples including 72 maxim flouting situations for each gender are selected from the Interviews section on the official channel of The Ellen Show. The findings reveal that although both genders share some similarities concerning the pragmatic features of maxim flouting, each gender reflects its own tendency of language style in communication.
Crystal Engineering with Iodoethynylnitrobenzenes: A Group of Highly Effective Halogen-Bond Donors

The benefits of employing a “double activation” strategy for promoting effective practical co-crystal synthesis through halogen bonding was explored in a systematic supramolecular synthetic study of iodoethynylnitrobenzenes. The positive electrostatic potential on the iodine atom was enhanced through a combination of an sp-hybridized carbon atom and one or more electron-withdrawing nitro groups. Three model compounds, 1-(iodoethynyl)-4-nitrobenzene (4N-I), 1-(iodoethynyl)-3-nitrobenzene (3N-I), and 1-(iodoethynyl)-3,5-dinitrobenzene (3,5DN-I) were synthesized and characterized, and calculated molecular electrostatic surface potential values on the halogen-bond donor site were about 20–40 kJ/mol higher than those observed for previously well-established halogen-bond donors. The ability of these molecules to drive co-crystal formation was evaluated through a total of 45 co-crystallization experiments with 15 different acceptor molecules. IR spectroscopic data for the resulting products showed that each reac.
Proximate and qualitative analysis of different parts of Piper sarmentosum, and quantification of total amides in various extracts

Present study aimed to analyze crude powders and extracts of different parts of Piper sarmentosum for proximate, qualitative and quantitative studies to prepare standardized botanical drugs from the plant. Unlike synthetic drugs, standardization of botanical drugs is always challenging for natural product researchers due to inadequacy and unavailability of standards and methods. Standardization of botanical drugs is not just an analytical process which ends with the detection of few constituents rather it embodies a set of analytical, biochemical and biological protocols. Keeping analytical protocols in view, crude powders were analyzed for the content of moisture, total ash, acid insoluble ash, sulphated ash and soluble extractives in water and methanol. These physicochemical properties were found within specified limits. Comparison of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) fingerprints of crude powders of different parts indicated the difference of constituents. Similarly, comparison of ultra violet (UV) profiles of extracts of all the parts exhibited discrimination. Qualitative analysis of aqueous and ethanol extracts by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) indicated the presence of amides in ethanol extracts of all parts of the plant. Quantitative analysis of extracts indicated that total amide content was significantly higher by colorimetry as compared to UV spectrophotometry. The distribution of amides in different parts was in the order fruit > root > leaf > stem (P=0.000). It is concluded from the study that amide content varies in different parts of the plant and ethanol is a better solvent for their extraction. Additionally, colorimetric method exhibits high content of amides.
Conditional disruption of AMP kinase in dopaminergic neurons promotes Parkinson’s disease-associated phenotypes in mice

Emerging studies implicate energy dysregulation as an underlying trigger for Parkinson’s disease (PD), suggesting that a better understanding of the molecular pathways governing energy homeostasis could help elucidate therapeutic targets for the disease. A critical cellular energy regulator is AMP kinase (AMPK), which we have previously shown to be protective in PD. However, precisely how AMPK function impacts on dopaminergic neuronal survival and disease pathogenesis remains elusive. Here, we created a tissue-specific AMPK-knockout mouse model where the catalytic subunits of AMPK are ablated in nigral dopaminergic neurons. Using this model, we demonstrated that loss of AMPK function promotes dopaminergic neurodegeneration and associated locomotor aberrations. Accompanying this is a substantial reduction in the number of mitochondria in the surviving AMPK-deficient nigral dopaminergic neurons, suggesting that an impairment in mitochondrial biogenesis may underlie the observed PD-associated phenotypes. Importantly, the loss of AMPK function enhances the susceptibility of nigral dopaminergic neurons in these mice to 6-hydroxydopamine-induced toxicity. Taken together, these findings highlight the importance of neuronal energy homeostasis by AMPK in PD and position AMPK pathway as an attractive target for future therapeutic exploitation.
The high content of heavy metals in seaweed species: A case study in the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman in the southern coast of Iran

The contamination of heavy metals is a major environmental obstacle, threatening human health through the food chain. Here, we studied the pollution status of six heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Fe and Cd) through investigating 12 seaweed species collected from different intertidal areas of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman. The seaweed species were also studied for the difference in the heavy metals uptake. Our results confirmed the heavy metals contamination in all seaweed species tested. The results also revealed that the heavy metal uptake was affected by type of heavy metal (P ≤ 0.0001). In addition, we showed that type of seaweed species and collection site affected the heavy metal uptake. Accordingly, the highest content of Fe (2844 ppm) was found in Dictyota sp. and the highest content of Nickel (Ni) was observed in Padina gymnospora (105.97 ppm) and Hypnea sp. (100.41 ppm). Also, the highest concentration of Zinc (Zn) (58.46 ppm) and Cupper (Cu) (32.44 ppm) was found in Sargassum angustifolium and S. boveanum, respectively. Among the studied heavy metals, Cadmium (Cd) had the lowest concentration in all seaweed species, ranging from 4.8 ppm in S. angustifolium to 10.7 ppm in Dictyota sp. Gracilariopsis persica was the only species showed the lowest content of all heavy metals tested. Our findings revealed that brown macroalgae (Phaeophyta) had higher level of contamination compared with green (Chlorophyta) and red (Rdodophyta) macroalgae.
Analysis on Bouguer Gravity Anomaly Characteristics and Boundary Identification in China and Surrounding Regions

China is located in the southeast of the Eurasian Plate and is subject to the effects of subducting, squeezing and collision by the Pacific Plate to the east, Philippine Plate to the southeast and Indian Ocean Plate to the southwest. It has exceptional geotectonic structure. Based on the satellite gravity data with high precision, high resolution and ample geophysical information, combined with geological data, by using satellite gravity potential field and its full tensor gradient, this paper studies the distribution characteristics of gravity anomalies and the identification of tectonic boundaries in China and surrounding regions. Results suggest that the Bouguer gravity anomaly in eastern China reduces gradually from east to west, mostly in the direction of NNE; in the western, it reduces gradually in a wave mode from north to south, mainly in the directions of NW and NWW. In general, the stress field reduces gradually from west to east, and the tectonic of stress field in western China is complex. The maximum principal compressive stress in Xinjiang exists in SN direction and that in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau mostly changes gradually from NNE to SSE; the change in eastern China is relatively simple, and the maximum principal compressive stress direction gradually changes from NE to WE and then to SE. In addition to the above study results, by comprehensively referencing the previous studies by other people and by using the boundary identification methods based on the satellite gravity full-tensor gradient data and its combinations, we update the extension route of Red River fault zone and deduce the tectonic unit boundary between the North China and South China active tectonic block regions. This paper identifies in China and surrounding regions 6 primary active tectonic blocks, 22 secondary active tectonic blocks, 3 tertiary active tectonic blocks and the 20 active tectonic block boundary zones constituted of deformation belts and active tectonic belts with various geometric structures and width variations. The results of this study can improve the understanding of gravity anomalies and boundary structures in China and surrounding regions, and provide certain geophysical supports for geological structure analysis and crustal dynamic process.
A 60-GHz Polar Vector Modulator With Lookup Table-Based Calibration

A 60-GHz polar vector modulator with a lookup table (LUT)-based calibration for a variable gain active phase shifter is presented. It consists of an input buffer, an I/Q generator, a vector summing amplifier, and 6-bit phase/gain digital-to-analog converters (DACs). It is very difficult to obtain accurate gain and phase characteristics of a polar vector modulator due to circuit imperfections, such as I/Q imbalance, current mismatches of DACs, and impedance variations over polar vector states. Thus, calibrations are essential to have accurate gain and phase states. This letter introduces an LUT-based calibration method to map possible 213 states (5-bit gain and 8-bit phase) onto targeted polar states, which minimizes gain and phase errors drastically. The proposed phase shifter with a generated LUT shows an rms gain and phase errors of 0.13 dB and 0.8°, respectively, at the center frequency of 60 GHz. In addition, it has an rms gain and phase errors of <0.47 dB and <3.3° in a 9-GHz bandwidth of 55–64 GHz with 4-bit gain and 5-bit phase resolutions. It was fabricated using a 28-nm bulk CMOS process. The core area and power consumption are 0.41 mm2 and 15.4 mW, respectively.
Control-Aware Energy-Efficient Transmissions for Wireless Control Systems With Short Packets

In this article, we investigate control-aware energy-efficient transmission strategies for wireless control systems with short packets (WCSs), in which remote state estimation error, system stability, transmission energy consumption, and communication packets with finite-length coding are all taken into account. Specifically, we formulate the transmission strategy design problem as a multiobjective optimization problem, which minimizes the remote state estimation error and transmission energy consumption simultaneously under the constraints of system stability and short packet communications. To solve the multiobjective optimization problem, we first introduce a novel objective function that encapsulates two different objective functions into a single one by using weight parameters, and further prove that the solution of the new stochastic optimization problem is a nondominated solution of the original one. Moreover, to solve the new stochastic optimization, we propose a dynamic control-aware energy-efficient transmission (DCET) algorithm that pushes the objective cost close to the optimal with a tradeoff in virtual queue backlogs for constraints. In particular, to tackle the nonconvexity constraint due to short packet communications, we introduce an additional constraint, with which the optimization problem is convex. Finally, simulation results verified the superiority of our proposed transmission strategy as compared with schemes of TDMA and Aloha-RAM multi access.
Cancellation Conditions of Magnetic Field Leakage From Inductive Power Transfer Systems

In inductive power transfer systems, a transmitter array can maintain high power transfer efficiency (PTE), despite lateral misalignment between the transmitter and receiver. However, a control method for reducing magnetic field leakage in this situation has not been found. Therefore, a novel theory of controlling the transmitter array is necessary for electromagnetic compatibility and user safety. In this study, we optimize the input currents at the transmitter array and the load impedance at the receiver to maximize PTE under the cancellation condition of the magnetic field leakage. Simulations show that the proposed method reduces magnetic field leakage by more than 10 and 38 dB, with and without ferrite plates, respectively, compared with existing PTE maximization methods, even when there is a lateral misalignment between the transmitter and receiver. Additionally, experiments using coils having ferrite plates show that the proposed method reduces magnetic field leakage by more than 6.75 dB. The decrease in PTE is within 4.17 %, which compares favorably with existing methods.
FAMILY PSYCOEDUCATION SEBAGAI UPAYA MENGURANGI STIGMA PADA KELUARGA ORANG DENGAN GANGGUAN JIWA DIWILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PAUH PADANG

Dalam UU RI No. 18 Tahun 2014 Bab I Pasal 3 tentang Kesehatan Jiwa, dijelaskan bahwa upaya kesehatan jiwa bertujuan menjamin setiap orang dapat mencapai kualitas hidup yang baik, menikmati kehidupan kejiwaan yang sehat, bebas dari ketakutan, tekanan dan gangguan lain yang dapat mengganggu kesehatatan jiwa (Kemenkes, 2014). Kesehatan jiwa menurut WHO ( World Health Organization) adalah ketika seseorang tersebut merasa sehat dan bahagia, mampu menghadapi tantangan hidup serta dapat menerima orang lain sebagaimana seharusnya serta mempunyai sikap positif terhadap diri sendiri dan orang lain. Tujuan dari program ini untuk memberi dukungan terhadap anggota keluarga dalam mengurangi beban keluarga terutama beban fisik dan mental dalam merawat klien gangguan jiwa untuk waktu yang lama. Kegiatan Family Psychoeducation (FPE) ini dipandang perlu dilakukan mengingat masih adanya kasus pemasungan, penelantaran, diskriminasi serta bentuk-bentuk perilaku negatif yang di alami oleh penderita gangguna jiwa Hasil pemberian FPE dapat mengurangi beban keluarga baik secara fisik maupun psikis serta dapat merubah sikap serta perilaku keluarga dalam merawat anggota keluarga yang mengalami gangguan jiwa. Diharapkan kegiatan FPE ini dapat dilakukan secara berkelanjutan oleh perawat Puskesmas sampai keluarga memiliki mekanisme koping yang adapatif dalam menghadapi berbagai stressor dalam kehidupannya selama merawat anggota keluarga yang mengalami gangguan jiwa.
LIE SYMMETRY ANALYSIS TO FISHER'S EQUATION WITH TIME FRACTIONAL ORDER

The aim of this letter is to apply the Lie group analysis method to the Fisher’s equation with time fractional order. We considered the symmetry analysis, explicit solutions to the time fractional Fisher’s(TFF) equations with Riemann-Liouville (R-L) derivative. The time fractional Fisher’s is reduced to respective nonlinear ordinary differential equation(ODE) of fractional order. We solve the reduced fractional ODE using an explicit power series method.
Attitudes, perceptions, and smoking behavior of university faculty and staff following the introduction of a comprehensive tobacco-free policy: a repeated cross-sectional survey in Lebanon

Background A growing body of research have evaluated the effect of university tobacco-free policies on faculty and staff, however, none of these studies has been carried out in the Eastern Mediterranean region. This study evaluates changes in faculty and staff attitudes, perceptions and smoking behavior, one year post-adoption of a tobacco-free policy in a medium-sized university in Lebanon and the region. Methods Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 2017 and 2018: pre- and one year post-policy implementation. A random sample of 625 and 624 participants took part in the 2017 and 2018 studies respectively. Results Faculty and staff had a positive attitude towards the policy at the two time points. The belief that there should be exceptions to the policy significantly decreased from 79% to 59% (p=0.002) among all smokers, particularly those with lower educational attainment (81% to 57%, p=0.007). Perception of compliance among peer smokers increased from 73% to 87% (p= 0.009). The proportion of smokers did not significantly change one year post-policy implementation, however, 44% of smokers with lower educational attainment, compared to only 7% of those with higher educational attainment (p< 0.001), reported a decrease in their smoking behavior outside campus. Conclusion The policy had a positive effect on the attitude, behavior and perception of policy benefits among smokers with lower educational attainment, who constitute the majority of smokers. Studies tackling the effectiveness of university or workplace smoke-free policies are scarce in the Middle East. Findings from this study inform and support future efforts to develop university and workplace tobacco free policies.