Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
News Coverage of Donald Trump's First 100 Days

“The press is your enemy,” said the president. “Enemies. Understand that? Because they’re trying to stick the knife right in our groin. ” Donald Trump’s ongoing feud with the media is not the first time a president has felt wronged by the press. The opening words are those of Richard Nixon. Virtually every president since Nixon has obsessed over what they’ve seen as unfair treatment by the press. In the first two years of his presidency, Bill Clinton persuaded Congress to enact a tax increase on upper incomes, a family leave program, NAFTA, deficit reduction, the Brady bill, a youth training program, and other initiatives, yet was mired in a slew of headlines about Travelgate, Whitewater, and other alleged wrongdoings. In a Rolling Stone interview, Clinton exploded at his treatment by the press: “I’ve fought more damn battles here than any president in 20 years with the possible exception of Reagan’s first budget and not gotten one damn bit of credit from the knee-jerk liberal press. I am damn sick and tired of it. ”
Reducing the data switching activity of serialized datastreams

On-chip serial link buses have been previously proposed as a strong solution to reduce the complexity and/or the energy dissipation of on-chip interconnect fabrics. However, it was noticed that serializing m-bits on a single interconnect (serial-link) increases the overall data switching activity. This paper presents a quantitative analysis of the switching activity of serial links, and provides closed form expressions for the average activity factors. Two transition encoding schemes, to reduce the activity factor of serial links, are discussed and analyzed. The impact of the encoding schemes on the MCF between neighboring interconnects is also discussed. The analysis shows that both of the schemes provide significant reduction in the average activity factor and energy dissipation reduction, but each in a different range of input activity factors. The two encoding bus schemes were modeled in a 70nm CMOS technology, and compared to an unencoded serial link bus and a parallel line bus. Simulation results show that the transition encoded bus schemes reduce the overall energy dissipation of the unencoded serial link bus by up to 96%
Multiscale Modeling of Form and Function

Topobiology posits that morphogenesis is driven by differential adhesive interactions among heterogeneous cell populations. This paradigm has been revised to include force-dependent molecular switches, cell and tissue tension, and reciprocal interactions with the microenvironment. It is now appreciated that tissue development is executed through conserved decision-making modules that operate on multiple length scales from the molecular and subcellular level through to the cell and tissue level and that these regulatory mechanisms specify cell and tissue fate by modifying the context of cellular signaling and gene expression. Here, we discuss the origin of these decision-making modules and illustrate how emergent properties of adhesion-directed multicellular structures sculpt the tissue, promote its functionality, and maintain its homeostasis through spatial segregation and organization of anchored proteins and secreted factors and through emergent properties of tissues, including tension fields and energy optimization.
Role of Sulfonylureas in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus: Part II - “The cons”

Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus carries a markedly elevated risk of cardiovascular disease. For that reason the efficacy of any treatment modality for this disease should be assessed in terms of the known cardiovascular risk factors, as for example serum lipids. Sulfonylurea do not affect serum lipid levels to any significant extent. These drugs promote beta-cell secretion by dosing potassium ion channels. These channels are also present in vascular smooth muscle cells. Some, though not all, sulfonylureas are able to inhibit the vascular dilatory response to potassium ion openers, thereby adversely affecting the cardioprotective vascular response to ischaemia. Sulfonylureas, in contrast to insulin, seem able to inhibit the fibrinolytic system, possibly via the stimulating effect of proinsulin on the endothelial PAI-1 expression. These observations need further confirmation. Of clinical importance is the frequent occurrence of hypoglycaemia for which several risk factors are recognized.
Comparison of methods of extracting information for meta-analysis of observational studies in nutritional epidemiology

OBJECTIVES: A common method for conducting a quantitative systematic review (QSR) for observational studies related to nutritional epidemiology is the “highest versus lowest intake” method (HLM), in which only the information concerning the effect size (ES) of the highest category of a food item is collected on the basis of its lowest category. However, in the interval collapsing method (ICM), a method suggested to enable a maximum utilization of all available information, the ES information is collected by collapsing all categories into a single category. This study aimed to compare the ES and summary effect size (SES) between the HLM and ICM. METHODS: A QSR for evaluating the citrus fruit intake and risk of pancreatic cancer and calculating the SES by using the HLM was selected. The ES and SES were estimated by performing a meta-analysis using the fixed-effect model. The directionality and statistical significance of the ES and SES were used as criteria for determining the concordance between the HLM and ICM outcomes. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in the directionality of SES extracted by using the HLM or ICM. The application of the ICM, which uses a broader information base, yielded more-consistent ES and SES, and narrower confidence intervals than the HLM. CONCLUSIONS: The ICM is advantageous over the HLM owing to its higher statistical accuracy in extracting information for QSR on nutritional epidemiology. The application of the ICM should hence be recommended for future studies.
Adaptive Space–Time Diversity Slotted ALOHA Over  $2\times m$ MIMO Multiaccess Channels

This paper proposes a new random-access protocol over 2 times M multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) multiaccess channels, namely, adaptive space-time diversity slotted ALOHA (ASTDSA), to address the issues on collision diversity while maintaining implementation simplicity. The proposed scheme exploits the advantages of both V-BLAST and Alamouti space-time block coding (STBC). In particular, it adaptively only transmits space-time-coded copies to remediable collisions. The coded replicas contain the same information as the packets involved in collisions and are immediately sent after a colliding slot. Combining the packets received in two consecutive slots, the Alamouti STBC scheme can be reconstructed to linearly resolve the collision without sacrificing the space-time diversity gain. An embedded Markov chain is developed to derive performance metrics with respect to throughput, diversity gain, delay, and stability. The tradeoff among those metrics is investigated. The results demonstrate that ASTDSA significantly outperforms the existing schemes, and simulations are used to validate the analytical model.
C-Geranylated flavonoids from Paulownia tomentosa fruits with antimicrobial potential and synergistic activity with antibiotics

Abstract Context C-6-Geranylated flavonoids possess promising biological activities. These substances could be a source of lead compounds for the development of therapeutics. Objective The study was designed to evaluate their antibacterial and antileishmanial activity. Materials and methods C-6-Geranylated flavanones were tested in micromolar concentrations against promastigote forms of Leishmania brazilensis, L. donovani, L. infantum, and L. panamensis against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); and synergistic potential with antibiotics was analyzed. IC50 values (after 72 h) were calculated and compared with that of miltefosine. Flow cytometry and DNA fragmentation analysis were used the mechanism of the effect. Geranylated flavanones or epigallocatechin gallate were combined with oxacillin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin, and the effects of these two-component combinations were evaluated. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were established (after 24 h), the synergy was measured by the checkerboard titration technique, and the sums of the fractional inhibitory concentrations (∑FICs) were computed. Results 3′-O-Methyl-5′-O-methyldiplacone and 3′-O-methyldiplacone showed good antileishmanial activities (IC50 8–42 μM). 3′-O-Methyl-5′-hydroxydiplacone activates the apoptotic death at leishmanias, the effect of 3′-O-methyl-5′-O-methyldiplacone has another mechanism. The test of the antibacterial activity showed good effects of 3′-O-methyldiplacol and mimulone against MRSA (MIC 2–16 μg/mL), and in six cases, the results showed synergistic effects when combined with oxacillin. Synergistic effects were also found for the combination of epigallocatechin gallate with tetracycline or oxacillin. Conclusion This work demonstrates anti-MRSA and antileishmanial potential of geranylated flavanones and uncovers their promising synergistic activities with antibiotics. In addition, the mechanism of antileishmanial effect is proposed.
Evidence for random distribution of sequence variants in Tenebrio molitor satellite DNA.

Tenebrio molitor satellite DNA has been analysed in order to study sequential organization of tandemly repeated monomers, i.e. to see whether different monomer variants are distributed randomly over the whole satellite, or clustered locally. Analysed sequence variants are products of single base substitutions in a consensus satellite sequence, producing additional restriction sites. The ladder of satellite multimers obtained after digestion with restriction enzymes was compared with theoretical calculations and revealed the distribution pattern of particular monomer variants within the satellite. A defined higher order repeating structure, indicating the existence of satellite subfamilies, could not be observed. Our results show that some sequence variants are very abundant, being present in nearly 50% of the monomers, while others are very rare (0-1% of monomers). However, the distribution of either very frequent, or very rare sequence variants in T. molitor satellite DNA is always random. Monomer variants are randomly distributed in the total satellite DNA and thus spread across all chromosomes, indicating a relatively high rate of sequence homogenization among different chromosomes. Such a distribution of monomer variants represents a transient stage in the process of sequence homogenization, indicating the high rate of spreading in comparison with the rate of sequence variant amplification.
The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy.

In the September 1994 issue of theArchives, Klein et al1conclude that their study confirms current guidelines for ophthalmologic care of patients with diabetes. After a thorough review of their data, we think that their results contradict the guideline that all people with diabetes need annual screening examinations. The annual examination standard does not reflect the findings of Klein et al1-4that the risk of treatable retinopathy depends on the status of the retina at a baseline examination. We conclude that the data of Klein et al1support a screening interval of 2 years or more, depending on the sensitivity of the method, for patients with retinopathy levels 21 or less at their last examination. Tables 7 and 8 in the article by Klein et al1show that among 708 patients with no retinopathy at baseline, in only 1.2% to 2.5% did proliferative diabetic retinopathy
The Fiscal Consequences of State Legislative Term Limits

This study estimates the effect of state legislative term limits on state tax revenue, general expenditure and its main components: welfare, highways, health, education, and state aid to local governments. Two alternative measures of term limits are used: an original term limit index developed in this paper and the potentially endogenous average legislative turnover rate. Controlling for economic, institutional, political, and demographic factors as well as the endogeneity of legislative turnover, we find that the two distinct measures of term limits have qualitatively similar effects on state government finances. Our estimates indicate that stricter legislative term limits not only increase legislative turnover and the size of government, but also change the composition of government spending.
Interactive role of nitric oxide and superoxide anion in neutrophil‐mediated endothelial cell injury

This study addresses the interactive role of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) by direct quantitation of NO and superoxide (O2 –) in human neutrophil (PMN)‐endothelial cell (EC) coculture during PMN‐mediated EC injury. The results directly demonstrate an inverse correlation between NO and ROI levels in PMN‐EC coculture, which significantly alters the PMN‐EC adhesion and PMN‐mediated EC killing. N‐formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (fMLF)‐stimulated PMN adhesion to cytokine‐treated EC was decreased (>25%) in the presence of S‐nitroso‐N‐penicillamine, a NO donor. NO also inhibited EC killing by stimulated PMN, suggesting its cytoprotective role. In addition, a significant decrease in NO levels was observed in the PMN‐EC coculture compared with the EC cultured alone (422.45 ± 35.76 vs. 800.79 ±41.69 pmol). The reduced NO levels were restored by the addition of superoxide dismutase, a scavenger of O2 –, suggesting that PMN‐derived O2 – is involved in the neutralization of NO in the coculture. The results indicate an inverse correlation between NO and O2 – in PMN‐EC interactions and suggest the need for a critical balance between these two radicals in the regulation of PMN‐mediated tissue injury. J. Leukoc. Biol. 64: 185–191; 1998.
A comparison of direct versus conventional stenting in patients undergoing primary angioplasty for ST-elevation myocardial infarction

ObjectiveThe aim of our study was to determine the impact of direct stenting (DS) on procedural success and the in-hospital outcome among patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with a primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). BackgroundWith improvements in stent designs, DS has become more widespread. The theoretical advantages of DS include a shorter procedural time, a lower contrast dose, and reduced spiral dissections, along with reduced radiation exposure and procedural costs. MethodsA total of 1992 consecutive STEMI patients were reviewed; 621 patients (31.2%) were included in the DS group and 1371 (68.8%) in the conventional stenting (CS) group. The clinical and angiographic characteristics, in-hospital outcomes, and predictors of unsuccessful primary angioplasty were analyzed. ResultsThe incidence of in-hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE) was 6.1% in the CS group and 4.3% in the DS group. The difference between the two patient groups was not statistically significant for myocardial reinfarction (re-MI), target-vessel revascularization, and MACE. Nonetheless, the rates of in-hospital mortality and advanced heart failure were significantly lower in the DS group. CS [odds ratio (OR) 3.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.65–7.37, P=0.001], Killip class 2/3 (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.2–5.23, P=0.01), glomerular filtration rateless than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.22–3.94, P=0.008), and anterior MI (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.01–2.56, P=0.04) were found to be independent predictors of unsuccessful procedures. ConclusionDS improves the in-hospital outcomes of STEMI patients treated with primary PCI, particularly by reducing the rates of in-hospital mortality and advanced heart failure. CS was an independent predictor of unsuccessful PCI.
Relationships and cardiovascular risk: perceived spousal ambivalence in specific relationship contexts and its links to inflammation.

OBJECTIVES Although perceiving one's social ties as sources of ambivalence has been linked to negative health outcomes, the more specific contexts by which such relationships influence health remain less studied. We thus examined if perceived spousal relationship quality in three theoretically important contexts (i.e., support, capitalization, everyday life) predicted inflammation. METHOD Ninety-four married couples completed measures of perceived spousal positivity and negativity in support, capitalization, and everyday contexts. These scores were used to derive an index of relationship ambivalence whereby interactions were rated as containing both positive and negative aspects. Serum levels of IL-6, fibrinogen, and CRP were assessed from plasma. RESULTS Perceiving ambivalence toward one's spouse in a support context was linked to greater inflammation even when considering health behaviors, relationship-specific romantic attachment style, spouse negativity/positivity ratings, and overall marital satisfaction. Perceiving ambivalence toward a spouse during capitalization predicted higher fibrinogen levels only, whereas no links were found with perceived spousal ambivalence in everyday life contexts. CONCLUSION Perceptions of ambivalence during support may be a particularly important relational context in which marital ties influence health.
Analytical model of the effects of a nonuniform distribution of stored charge on the electrical characteristics of discrete-trap nonvolatile memories

We propose an analytical model of the effects of a nonuniform distribution of trapped charge on the electrical characteristics and on the perspectives of 2-bit operation of discrete-trap memories. To keep the model tractable, we consider an idealized nonuniform distribution, represented by a step function, so that the concentration of trapped charge can assume only two possible values in two different regions. Notwithstanding the simplicity of our assumptions, which limits the range of validity of our model to the subthreshold and weak inversion regions of the I-V characteristics, we can investigate a series of important aspects for 2-bit storage of nonvolatile memories. Our model is then validated through comparison with detailed numerical simulations performed with a commercial technology computer-aided design tool, and with the experimental electrical characteristics of nanocrystal flash memories under different bias conditions. Finally, we provide a method, based on our model, to extract an "effective" distribution of trapped charge, in which all charge is uniformly distributed in a localized region close to the drain.
Improved method for EPR detection of DEPMPO-superoxide radicals by liquid nitrogen freezing.

5-diethoxyphosphoryl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DEPMPO) is frequently used as a spin trap for the measurement of superoxide by EPR spectrometry. However, its half life is fairly short in room temperature. We here show that superoxide radicals trapped by DEPMPO can be successfully recorded at -196 degrees C. Moreover, we show that the signal intensity remains unaltered for up to 7 days, when the samples are stored in liquid nitrogen. Our new approach for measurement of superoxide should greatly simplify the studies of this important radical in biological systems.
Aberrant DNA methylation imprints in aborted bovine clones

Genomic imprinting plays a very important role during development and its abnormality may heavily undermine the developmental potential of bovine embryos. Because of limited resources of the cow genome, bovine genomic imprinting, both in normal development and in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) cloning, is not well documented. DNA methylation is thought to be a major factor for the establishment of genomic imprinting. In our study, we determined the methylation status of differential methylated regions (DMRs) of four imprinted genes in four spontaneously aborted SCNT‐cloned fetuses (AF). Firstly, abnormal methylation imprints were observed in each individual to different extents. In particular, Peg3 and MAOA were either seriously demethylated or showed aberrant methylation patterns in four aborted clones we tested, but Xist and Peg10 exhibited relatively better maintained methylation status in AF1 and AF4. Secondly, two aborted fetuses, AF2 and AF3 exhibited severe aberrant methylation imprints of four imprinted genes. Finally, MAOA showed strong heterogeneous methylation patterns of its DMR in normal somatic adult tissue, but largely variable methylation levels and relatively homogeneous methylation patterns in aborted cloned fetuses. Our data indicate that the aborted cloned fetuses exhibited abnormal methylation imprints, to different extent, in aborted clones, which partially account for the higher abortion and developmental abnormalities during bovine cloning. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 598–607, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ornithine decarboxylase as a target for chemoprevention

l‐Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is essential for polyamine synthesis and growth in mammalian cells; it provides putrescine that is usually converted into the higher polyamines, spermidine and spermine. Many highly specific and potent inhibitors of ODC are based on the lead compound α‐difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), which is an enzyme‐activated irreversible inhibitor. DFMO is accepted as a substrate by ODC and is decarboxylated, leading to the formation of a highly reactive species that forms a covalent adduct with either cysteine‐360 (90%) or lysine‐69 (10%). Both modifications inactivate the enzyme. ODC activity is normally very highly regulated at both transcriptional and post‐transcriptional levels according to the growth state of the cell and the intracellular polyamine content. Experimental over‐production of ODC can be caused by either transfection with plasmids containing the ODC cDNA with part of the 5′‐untranslated region (5′UTR) deleted under the control of a very strong viral promoter, or transfection of plasmids that cause the overproduction of eIF‐4E, reported to be a limiting factor in the transaltion of mRNAs with extensive secondary structures in the 5′UTR. In both cases, unregulated overexpresion of ODC transforms NIH 3T3 cells to a neoplastic state. Along with studies showing that many tumor promoters increase ODC activity and that a number of preneoplasic conditions and tumor samples show high levels of ODC, these results suggest that ODC may act as an oncogene in an appropiate background. This provides a rationale for the possible use of a ODC inhibitors as chemopreventive agents. Further support comes from studies showing that reducing ODC activity with DFMO abolishes the transformed phenotype of the NIH 3T3 cells overexpressing ODC; many studies found that treatment with DFMO reduces tumor incidence in experimental animal exposed to carcinogens. Although these results provide strong support for initial testing of DFMO as a chemopreventive agents, other means of reducing ODC activity should not be overlooked, including the use of other enzyme‐acivated irreversible inhibitors with higher potency and/or better pharmacokinetics than DFMO, use of dominant negative mutations or ribzymes to reduce actic ODC levels, and use of regulator of ODC expression.