Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discerning the Trend: Concealing Deceptive Reviews

In this paper, we present Cdear, a novel system to detect fake reviews by using sentiment analysis on attributes of products. We formulate review spam detection as an opinion coincided problem. Specifically, we try to capture the sentiment diverse of attributes of products among different consumers. To our knowledge, this is the very first attempt to use sentiment analysis on attributes of products in reviews to detect review spam. To evaluate the effectiveness of our system, we conduct the experiments on the real life datasets and employ 20 experts to assess the reliability of reviews by carrying out a simulation of shopping online. Meanwhile, we developed an evaluation system to help those experts to assess the reviews, thus to ensure the scientificity of experiments. Comparison between the automatic results of proposed system and human evaluated results demonstrates that the sentiment-based method matches approximately with human perception of reviews' reliability with 82.66% accuracy.
Mechanisms of Chloroplast Protein Import in Plants

F. Kessler Laboratoire de Physiologie Végétale, Université de Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland e-mail: felix.kessler@unine.ch Abstract Most chloroplast proteins are encoded as preproteins by the nuclear genome. Their import into chloroplasts occurs post-translationally. An N-terminal pre-sequence, the transit peptide, contains the organellar targeting information. It is specifically recognized by receptor components at the chloroplast surface. These receptors are components of the TOC ( translocon at the outer envelope membrane of chloroplasts) complex. Together with the TIC ( translocon at the inner envelope membrane of chloroplasts) machinery, this mediates the import of proteins into chloroplasts. In addition to the receptors, these complexes incorporate channel, motor and regulatory functions. Many putative or actual components have been identified. Multiple isoforms of the TOC receptors (and possibly of some other components) constitute the molecular basis of separate import pathways with distinct client preferences. This perhaps reduces competition effects between highly abundant and less abundant preproteins. Client preferences of different import pathways might also facilitate the differentiation of various plastid types. In addition to the canonical TOC/TIC-mediated import routes, alternative, mechanistically distinct pathways of protein transport to chloroplasts have been identified; one of these passes through the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Other work has revealed several protein targeting pathways leading to the envelope membranes.
The passenger lymphocyte syndrome – experience from a cardiothoracic transplant unit

Dear Sir, Anaemia post solid organ transplantation has many causes – blood losses during and after surgery, immunosuppressive drugs and bone marrow suppression, gastrointestinal losses from ulcerative lesions developing after steroid usage and rarely haemolysis due to ABO or Rh mismatch. The passenger lymphocyte syndrome (PLS) is an immune mediated delayed haemolytic reaction which occurs with minor mismatches in blood group during transplantation. It occurs in bone marrow as well as solid organ transplants. Graft derived B lymphocytes and plasma cells are transferred to the recipient, and can be stimulated to produce allo-antibodies against the recipient’s red blood cells antigens causing a complement mediated haemolysis (Yazer & Triulzi, 2007). The cases all occurred in a tertiary respiratory centre, catering for lung and heart transplantation over a period of June 2012 till April 2013. Table 1 Summarises the characteristics of all the patients and specific points are raised further. Case 1 developed bilateral pleural effusions very quickly in the post-operative period and drains were inserted to drain straw-coloured fluid. She had received 6 U of group-specific and 2 U of O positive blood peri-operatively. Over 1 month post-operatively, her haemoglobin had fallen slightly and she was noted to have a weakly positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT), normal bilirubin levels and a slight reticulocytosis. She was transfused 1 U of A positive blood. One week later, her haemoglobin fell in a more dramatic fashion and she was noted to have a more strongly positive DAT (IgG 0·5, C3d 2), a reticulocytosis but normal bilirubin levels. At this point, elution revealed the presence of anti-A. She required 4 U of O positive blood to support her haemoglobin and recovered spontaneously. Case 2 developed an empyema and contracted adenovirus in the immediate post-transplant period causing acute respiratory failure needing re-intubation. He had significant problems with stenosis of the bronchial anastomosis requiring stenting under general anaesthesia and causing fungal sepsis. He died of massive haemoptysis and respiratory failure. Some of the 10 U of blood transfused were not only the result of haemolysis but also due to anaemia due to sepsis and blood loss in the terminal event. Case 3 required no blood transfusion as her haemoglobin always remained within acceptable limits. There are no specific points to raise about cases 4–7.
A 3D Matching Method for Organic Training Samples Alignment Based on Surface Curvature Distribution

The fundamental step to get a Statistical Shape Model (SSM) is to align all the training samples to the same spatial modality. In this paper, we propose a new 3D alignment method for organic training samples matching, whose modalities are orientable and surface figures could be recognized. It is a feature based alignment method which matches two models depending on the distribution of surface curvature. According to the affine transformation on 2D Gaussian map, the distances between the corresponding parts on surface could be minimized. We applied our proposed method on 5 cases left lung training samples alignment and 4 cases liver training samples alignment. The experiment results were performed on the left lung training samples and the liver training samples. The availability of proposed method was confirmed.
Cell death and changes in the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase in rubrospinal neurons following spinal cord hemisection in the adult rat

Most of the hypotheses that have been proposed to explain why the injured mammalian spinal cord is not capable of extensive regeneration have suggested that the internal milieu of the injured spinal cord is not conducive to repair. Relatively little attention has been directed toward neuronal cell death as being contributory to the minimal amount of spinal cord regeneration. The present study suggests that the availability of regenerating axons in the injured spinal cord may be limited by the death of axotomized supraspinal neurons in the adult mammal. Adult rats were subjected to a right spinal cord hemisection at T1 followed by a second, more rostral right hemisection at C2 Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into the rostral hemisection site to acquire information on the metabolic changes that occur in HRP‐labeled rubrospinal neurons after axotomy. In the experimental animals, a delay of 9‐219 days occurred between the two operations whereas there was no delay between the two procedures in the control animals. An analysis of neuronal counts indicated that although there was a statistically significant (P < 0.01) decrease in the number of labeled rubrospinal neurons in the contralateral red nucleus of the experimental animals compared to controls, there was also a smaller, yet significant (P < 0.01) increase in the number of nonlabeled neurons in the experimental animals. The mean total number (both labeled and nonla beled) of neurons in the experimental animals (2,269 ± 348 cells), however, was significantly lower (P < 0.01) than the mean total number of neurons in the control animals (3,473 ± 488 cells). Thus, it is concluded that extensive cell death occurs in the red nucleus of the adult rat following spinal cord hemisection.
Enhanced platelet-derived microparticle formation is associated with carotid atherosclerosis in convalescent stroke patients

Platelets participate in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. During this process they interact with endothelial cells and leukocytes. Therefore, we investigated the associations between carotid atherosclerosis and platelet reactivity markers. The platelet surface expression of P-selectin (CD62P) and the activated GPIIb/IIIa receptor (corresponding to increased binding of PAC-1), as well as the fraction of platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs) prior to and after platelet stimulation with TRAP or ADP, were determined using flow cytometry in 94 subjects in the convalescent phase of ischaemic stroke and in 76 disease controls. The mean common carotid intima-media thickness (CCAmean IMT), maximal common carotid IMT (CCAmax IMT) and maximal bifurcation IMT (BIFmax IMT) were measured bilaterally using B mode, colour Doppler ultrasonography. In stroke subjects IMT within CCA and BIF were greater than in disease controls and the percentage of PMPs prior to and after ex vivo stimulation with agonists was significantly higher than in controls. Multiple regression analysis revealed that PMPs were positively and independently correlated with both CCAmean IMT ( β = 0.23; p < 0.01) and stroke ( β = 0.21; p<0.01), while PAC-1 binding to platelets activated with ADP was negatively and independently associated with CCAmean IMT ( β = −0.29; p<0.001) and atherosclerotic carotid plaque presence ( β = −0.28, p = 0.003). We found a positive association between enhanced PMP formation and atherosclerotic thickening of carotid intima-media or carotid plaque in patients after ischaemic stroke. We demonstrated that diminished expression of active GPIIb/IIIa in the ADP-activated platelets is associated with increased carotid IMT, independently of stroke.
Electric Hum Signal Readout Circuit for Touch Screen Panel Applications

This paper presents a new touch sensing mechanism that detects different signals on a touch panel generated by an electric field formed from household power. Without requiring complicated transmitter and receiver circuits, a 16-channel front-end sensor and shared readout circuits are proposed to realize the new touch-sensing mechanism. This touch-sensing technique can be applied on the appliance control panel to detect the operation control. The signal readout circuit is implemented in a 0.18-μm CMOS process, which occupied an area of 2.64 mm2. The proposed sensing technique achieves 46.5-dB signal-to-noise ratios with finger touch. With battery power supply of 1.8 V and 2.5 V, total power consumption of the proposed readout circuit is measured as just 2 mW.
Suppression of Inflammatory Demyelinaton and Axon Degeneration through Inhibiting Kv3 Channels

The development of neuroprotective and repair strategies for treating progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) requires new insights into axonal injury. 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a blocker of voltage-gated K+ (Kv) channels, is used in symptomatic treatment of progressive MS, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here we report that deleting Kv3.1—the channel with the highest 4-AP sensitivity—reduces clinical signs in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model for MS. In Kv3.1 knockout (KO) mice, EAE lesions in sensory and motor tracts of spinal cord were markedly reduced, and radial astroglia were activated with increased expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Kv3.3/Kv3.1 and activated BDNF receptors were upregulated in demyelinating axons in EAE and MS lesions. In spinal cord myelin coculture, BDNF treatment promoted myelination, and neuronal firing via altering channel expression. Therefore, suppressing Kv3.1 alters neural circuit activity, which may enhance BNDF signaling and hence protect axons from inflammatory insults.
Costimulatory pathways in transplantation: challenges and new developments

Summary: T cells are central to graft rejection, and therefore preventing T cells from recognizing and destroying allografts remains an important area of transplant research. However, T cells are also required for transplant tolerance; a subset can enforce a state of tolerance by functioning as regulatory cells. As both rejection and regulation directed against alloantigens require T‐cell activation, costimulatory molecules undoubtedly play an important role in regulating both processes and ultimately the fate of the allograft. However, costimulation involves an incredibly complex array of interactions that may act contemporaneously or at different times; these interactions can have additive or opposing effects on T‐cell activation or differentiation. While some costimulatory molecules mediate activation of naive T cells or generation of memory T cells, others inhibit T‐cell activation and promote anergy or apoptosis. Moreover, a given pathway can have diametrically different effects on T‐effector cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Such a complexity presents both challenges and opportunities in targeting T‐cell costimulatory pathways to promote transplant tolerance. In this review article, we provide a summary of recent advances in our understanding of T‐cell costimulatory pathways in regulating different phases of the T‐cell response in transplant models. We focus specifically on costimulatory molecules in the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/TNF receptor superfamily, and in the emerging T‐cell Ig domain and mucin domain family (TIM), highlighting their unique and redundant roles in regulating the T‐effector and Treg responses after transplantation. Finally, we summarize emerging approaches toward inducing tolerance by tipping the balance between cytopathic T‐effector cells and protective Tregs by selectively targeting specific T‐cell costimulatory pathways that are critically involved.
Patterns of paired‐related homeobox genes PRX1 and PRX2 suggest involvement in matrix modulation in the developing chick vascular system

PRX1 (MHox) and PRX2 (S8) were previously shown to be expressed throughout embryogenesis in complex, mostly mesenchyme‐specific patterns. In the developing cardiovascular system both genes were highly expressed in prospective connective tissues, that is, endocardial cushions and valves, the epicardium, and the wall of the great arteries and veins. We further scrutinised expression of PRX1 and PRX2 in the developing vascular system of the chicken embryo and compared patterns with those of established vascular differentiation markers (muscle‐actin, procollagen I, and fibrillin‐2). PRX1 and PRX2 expression were associated with the primary vessel wall from early stages onward and became increasingly restricted to the adventitial and outer medial cell layers. PRX1 eventually colocalised strikingly with procollagen I and fibrillin‐2 expression and generally excluded high smooth muscle actin expression. Furthermore, PRX1 expression preceded the segregation of very distinct nonmuscular cells and smooth muscle cells in the media of the great arteries. PRX2 patterns deviated at later stages from those of PRX1 and showed specific and high transcript levels in the ductus arteriosus from embryonic day 6 onward. Results suggest that PRX genes are not essential in smooth muscle contractile differentiation, but may be involved in matrix modulation in the vascular system and possibly in defining the noncontractile cellular phenotype and in media‐adventitia definition. Dev. Dyn. 1998;213:59–70. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Defense Technical Information Center Compilation Part Notice ADPO 11660

A widely spaced periodic array of defects in the photonic band gap crystal is studied with the goal of designing a waveguide with a prescribed narrow bandwidth. Tunnelling of radiation between the defect sites allows wave propagation along the line of the defects. A design procedure based on the weakly coupled cavity model is proposed. The frequency shift and the band structure of the periodic defect waveguide are linked by an analytic relationship to the distance between the defect sites and therefore can be tuned by varying the latter. Sections of such waveguides can be employed as ultra narrow band filters in optical routing devices.
Uganda: No More Pro-Poor Growth?

This article explores changing growth regimes in Uganda, from pro-poor growth in the 1990s to growth without poverty reduction, actually even with a slight increase in poverty, after 2000. Not surprisingly, it finds that good agricultural performance is the key determinant of direct pro-poor growth in the 1990s, while lower agricultural growth is the root cause of the recent increase in poverty. At the same time, after 2000 low agricultural growth appears to have induced important employment shifts out of agriculture, which have dampened the increase in poverty. The article also assesses the indirect form of pro-poor growth by analysing the incidence of public spending and the tax system, and finds that indirect pro-poor growth has been achieved to only a limited extent.
Design of magnetic fluid linear pump

In this paper, the magnetic fluid linear pump is designed. Inside the small tube, magnetic fluid is constrained in the thin rubber. The magnetic fluid activated by traveling pulses of magnetic field drags the water inside the pump. The iterative algorithm for the computation of magnetic fluid shape is presented by using nonlinear finite element method and Navier-Stokes equations. The computed curvature of fluid under the magnetic field and the gravitational force agrees well with the photographic image. The dimensions and magnetic fields of the magnetic fluid linear pump are optimized and the computed pumping volumes are compared with measurements.
Physical properties of IP Pegasi: an eclipsing dwarf nova with an unusually cool white dwarf

We present high-speed photometric observations of the eclipsing dwarf nova IP Pegasi (IP Peg) taken with the triple-beam camera ULTRACAM mounted on the William Herschel Telescope. The primary eclipse in this system was observed twice in 2004, and then a further 16 times over a 3 week period in 2005. Our observations were simultaneous in the Sloan u', g' and r' bands. By phase-folding and averaging our data, we make the first significant detection of the white dwarf ingress in this system and find the phase width phi of the white dwarf eclipse to be 0.0935 +/- 0.0003, significantly higher than the previous best value of 0.0863 < phi < 0.0918. The mass ratio is found to be q = M-2/M-1 = 0.48 +/- 0.01, consistent with previous measurements, but we find the inclination to be 83 degrees.8 +/- 0 degrees.5, significantly higher than previously reported. We find the radius of the white dwarf to be 0.0063 +/- 0.0003 R-circle dot, implying a white dwarf mass of 1.16 +/- 0.02 M-circle dot. The donor mass is 0.55 +/- 0.02 M-circle dot. The white dwarf temperature is more difficult to determine, since the white dwarf is seen to vary significantly in flux, even between consecutive eclipses. This is seen particularly in the u' band, and is probably the result of absorption by disc material. Our best estimate of the temperature is 10 000-15 000 K, which is much lower than would be expected for a cataclysmic variable star with this period, and implies a mean accretion rate of < 5 x 10(-11) M(circle dot)yr(-1), more than 40 times lower than the expected rate.
Establishment of diagnostic validity in psychiatric illness: its application to schizophrenia.

A method for achieving diagnostic validity in psychiatric illness is described, consisting of five phases: clinical description, laboratory study, exclusion of other disorders, follow-up study, and family study. The method was applied in this paper to patients with the diagnosis of schizophrenia, and it was shown by follow-up and family studies that poor prognosis cases can be validly separated clinically from good prognosis cases. The authors conclude that good prognosis "schizophrenia" is not mild schizophrenia, but a different illness.
Efficiency of early, single‐dose probiotic administration methods on performance, small intestinal morphology, blood biochemistry, and immune response of Japanese quail

&NA; The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of early probiotics (single dose) administered in different ways, on quails' performance, small intestine morphology, blood biochemistry, and immune response. In total, 192 day‐old chicks were used in one of the following experimental groups before being transferred to a raising room: 1) Control (no probiotic administered), 2) oral gavage, 3) spray, and 4) vent lip. Four replicates of 12 chicks per cage were considered for each treatment and birds were raised up to 35 d in the same conditions. Probiotic treated birds had higher d 1 to 35 feed intake than the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, oral‐gavaged birds had a higher body weight gain as compared to the control (P < 0.05). The values of duodenum length and villus height of the oral group and ileum length and villus height of the vent lip group were greater than that of the control (P < 0.01). Regardless of the method of administration, probiotics resulted in deeper crypts and in a higher number of goblet cells in the duodenum and ileum as compared to the control (P < 0.01). The administration of probiotics resulted in increased plasma uric acid (P < 0.05), glucose, and total protein (P < 0.01). The concentration of hemoglobin was slightly higher in probiotic‐supplemented groups. While a decreased concentration of triglyceride was observed in vent‐lip probiotic‐administered birds compared to control (P < 0.05), the concentration of cholesterol was not significantly affected by treatments (P > 0.01). None of the immune‐related parameters were affected by the probiotic (P > 0.05). Single dose usage of probiotics exerts its beneficial effects on quails' body weight gain, feed intake and mortality in 1 to 35 d period, regardless of the route of administration. This work generally supports the efficacy of single‐dose usage of probiotics and suggests the spray of probiotics as an early, single‐dose administration method.
ON SOME SOUTH LEVANTINE EARLY BRONZE AGE CERAMIC ‘WARES’ AND STYLES

Abstract Studies on pottery of the south Levantine Early Bronze Age (Early Bronze Ages I, II and III) often use terms such as ‘wares’ to designate specific types of ceramics identified with regional and chronological niches in the archaeological record. While some such designations appear to be valid, as they refer to groups of objects defined by very specific parameters, others represent broad categories with poorly defined parameters. This paper presents a proposal for some specifically defined groups, traditions of ceramic production called ‘wares’ and ‘styles’, with indications of their temporal and regional distributions. It further suggests abandon- ing some commonly used designations that offer too little specificity, thus making them less than useful for archaeological research and discussion.