Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Washing, Oiling, Holding and Temperature of Eggs on Shell Strength

Abstract The effect of washing, oiling, holding and egg temperature on shell strength was studied in a series of five experiments. Washing was shown to reduce shell strength from 180 to 380 grams per egg in two trials. Eggs oiled after lay and washed were significantly stronger than unoiled, washed eggs. Eggs oiled after lay and not washed were also stronger than unoiled, unwashed eggs. In a single trial, oiling after washing did not improve shell strength. No significant changes in shell strength from one to nine hours after oviposition were observed. Eggs were found to be significantly stronger at two days than one day and four days than three days of storage. No significant change in shell strength occurred between four and eight days. By the eleventh and thirteenth day, egg shell strength was significantly weaker than at four days of age. Eggs, either wet or dry, exposed for fifteen minutes to temperatures of 13° C. , 24° C. , 35° C. and 46° C. had a reduction of shell strength at each increment of temperature. However, the wetting of eggs at these temperatures was not found to reduce shell strength as reported by Froning (1973).
Nutrient-chlorophyll-Secchi relationships under contrasting grazer communities of temperate versus subtropical lakes

Published data for total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), chlorophyll (Chl), and water transparency (Secchi depth) for 420 lake-years in temperate North America and Europe and subtropical Florida were analyzed to test the hypothesis that subtropical and temperate lakes produce similar nutrient-Chl-Secchi relationships regardless of regional contrasts in seasonal, physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. We also tested the hypothesis that similarities in nutrient-Chl-Secchi relationships between temperate and subtropical lakes are expected only when the size or community structure of zooplankton remains constant. TP-Chl relationships were not significantly different for small zooplankton dominated temperate and subtropical lakes, but large herbivore (LH) dominated temperate lakes exhibited significantly lower Chl yield to TP than either subtropical small herbivore (SH) or temperate SH lakes. Although both nitrogen and phosphorus were important in determining the patterns and strengths of nu.
The future is now: a call for action for cardiac telerehabilitation in the COVID-19 pandemic from the secondary prevention and rehabilitation section of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology

Abstract The role of comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation is well established in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease and heart failure. Numerous trials have demonstrated both the effectiveness as well as the cost-effectiveness of comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation in improving exercise capacity and quality of life, and in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. However, the current COVID-19 pandemic has led to closure of many cardiac rehabilitation centres in Europe resulting in many eligible patients unable to participate in the optimisation of secondary prevention and physical performance. This elicits an even louder call for alternatives such as cardiac telerehabilitation to maintain the delivery of the core components of cardiac rehabilitation to cardiovascular disease patients. The present call for action paper gives an update of recent cardiac telerehabilitation studies and provides a practical guide for the setup of a comprehensive cardiac telerehabilitation intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic. This set up could also be relevant to any cardiovascular disease patient not able to visit cardiac rehabilitation centres regularly after the COVID-19 pandemic ceases.
Intranasal salvinorin A improves neurological outcome in rhesus monkey ischemic stroke model using autologous blood clot

Salvinorin A (SA) exerts neuroprotection and improves neurological outcomes in ischemic stroke models in rodents. In this study, we investigated whether intranasal SA administration could improve neurological outcomes in a monkey ischemic stroke model. The stroke model was induced in adult male rhesus monkeys by occluding the middle cerebral artery M2 segment with an autologous blood clot. Eight adult rhesus monkeys were randomly administered SA or 10% dimethyl sulfoxide as control 20 min after ischemia. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to confirm the ischemia and extent of injury. Neurological function was evaluated using the Non-Human Primate Stroke Scale (NHPSS) over a 28-day observation period. SA significantly reduced infarct volume (3.9 ± 0.7 cm3 vs. 7.2 ± 1.0 cm3; P = 0.002), occupying effect (0.3 ± 0.2% vs. 1.4 ± 0.3%; P = 0.002), and diffusion limitation in the lesion (−28.2 ± 11.0% vs. −51.5 ± 7.1%; P = 0.012) when compared to the control group. SA significantly reduced the NHPSS scores to almost normal in a 28-day observation period as compared to the control group (P = 0.005). Intranasal SA reduces infarct volume and improves neurological outcomes in a rhesus monkey ischemic stroke model using autologous blood clot.
Physiochemical properties of copper doped calcium sulfate in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo

ABSTRACT Bone cements were prepared by mixing calcium sulfate and copper sulfate in various proportions. We examined physical and physicochemical properties of the copper doped calcium sulfates and the effects of the cements on angiogenesis in vivo. Rod shaped calcium sulfate crystals were visible by scanning electron microscopy in the cement that contained no copper sulfate, whereas plate-like crystals covered the surface of the cement with high copper content. After immersion of the cements in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 1 day, X-ray diffractometric analysis showed that gypsum precipitates had formed in the copper doped calcium sulfate. The compressive strength of the cements increased from 3.3 MPa for pure calcium sulfate to 6.4 MPa for samples with copper sulfate added. Calcium ion release was greatest from pure calcium sulfate, and the rate of copper ion release was higher for cements containing the most copper. We found that 6 weeks after implantation, more blood vessels had formed around the high copper cement than for the copper-free cement. Copper doped calcium sulfate appears to be useful for application to regenerative medicine including wound healing and bone tissue engineering.
Functionalization of mesoporous silicon nanoparticles for targeting and bioimaging purposes

Carboxylic acid functionalized thermally hydrocarbonized porous silicon nanoparticles (UnTHCPSi-NP) were synthesized, and their opsonization and targeting properties were studied in vitro alongside with in vivo biodistribution. The carboxyl groups on UnTHCPSi were utilized to further functionalize the nanoparticles. In order to reduce the opsonization of the UnTHCPSi-NPs, different sized polyethylene glycol (PEG) were conjugated or adsorbed to the NPs surface. The latter approach, based on hydrophobic interaction, turned out to be more effective in reducing the opsonization and improving the stability of the nanoparticle suspension. The most abundant opsonins after plasma incubation were fibrinogen precursors and IgG. Furthermore, the targeting properties of UnTHCPSi-NPs were studied in vitro with antibodies against glutathione S-transferase (anti-GST). PEGylated NPs conjugated with anti-GST bound to GST-agarose in human plasma nearly 35-fold compared to control NPs, indicating that UnTHCPSi-NPs are suitable for targeting in physiological environment. The in vivo biodistribution inmice revealed that PEGylated UnTHCPSi-NPs, accumulate fast into the liver and the spleen, regardless of the reduced opsonization in vitro. However, autoradiography and transmission electron microscopy showed that majority of the NPs still remained in hepatic blood vessels and sinusoids suggesting a possibility to utilize them as a sustained release platform for payload molecules.
Mass cytometry and type 1 diabetes research in the age of single-cell data science.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW New single-cell tec. hnologies developed over the past decade have considerably reshaped the biomedical research landscape, and more recently have found their way into studies probing the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). In this context, the emergence of mass cytometry in 2009 revolutionized immunological research in two fundamental ways that also affect the T1D world: first, its ready embrace by the community and rapid dissemination across academic and private science centers alike established a new standard of analytical complexity for the high-dimensional proteomic stratification of single-cell populations; and second, the somewhat unexpected arrival of mass cytometry awoke the flow cytometry field from its seeming sleeping beauty stupor and precipitated substantial technological advances that by now approach a degree of analytical dimensionality comparable to mass cytometry. RECENT FINDINGS Here, we summarize in detail how mass cytometry has thus far been harnessed for the pursuit of discovery studies in T1D science; we provide a succinct overview of other single-cell analysis platforms that already have been or soon will be integrated into various T1D investigations; and we briefly consider how effective adoption of these technologies requires an adjusted model for expense allocation, prioritization of experimental questions, division of labor, and recognition of scientific contributions. SUMMARY The introduction of contemporary single-cell technologies in general, and of mass cytometry, in particular, provides important new opportunities for current and future T1D research; the necessary reconfiguration of research strategies to accommodate implementation of these technologies, however, may both broaden research endeavors by fostering genuine team science, and constrain their actual practice because of the need for considerable investments into infrastructure and technical expertise.
Influence of Fall and Early Spring Herbicide Applications on Winter and Summer Annual Weed Populations in No-Till Corn

Field experiments were conducted in Missouri in 2004 through 2006 to compare the efficacy of fall and spring herbicide treatments for control of winter and summer annual weeds in no-tillage corn. Applications in the fall and 45 d before planting (45 PP) of 2,4-D and simazine; rimsulfuron, thifensulfuron, and 2,4-D; or glyphosate and 2,4-D controlled at least 90% of all winter annual weeds through 1 wk after corn planting (WAP), with a few exceptions. Applications made 30 d before planting (30 PP) of 2,4-D and glyphosate or rimsulfuron, thifensulfuron, and 2,4-D provided greater than 90% control of most winter annual weeds 1 WAP. Winter annual weed control was reduced with herbicide treatments applied 7 d before planting (7 PP), compared with earlier application timings. Summer annual weed control 5 WAP increased as the time between application and planting decreased. Fall applications resulted in greater weed biomass 5 WAP, compared with spring applications. Nomenclature: 2,4-D, glyphosate, rimsulfuron, simazine, thifensulfuron, corn, Zea mays L. ‘Pioneer 34B23’
Identification of superior varieties of tea (Camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze) in the selected UPASI germplasm using biomarkers

Biomarkers are used as a vital tool in cultivar improvement programme for woody perennial tree crops such as (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze). Commercially important fifteen accessions were selected and investigated for total polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity (U/mg of protein), based on the PPO activity range, the accessions were further separated into three groups, namely high (P/11/10, UPASI-16, UPASI-18, UPASI-14, I/30/17), moderate (UPASI-3, UPASI-17, UPASI-13, UPASI-1, UPASI-21) and low (I/30/9, p/11/15, I/30/30,MGL-16, MGL- 8) PPO activity. To study the pattern of genetic diversity, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was performed using twenty decamer primers. The RAPD amplification results revealed that genetic similarity (GS) among the accessions tested ranged 0.64 to 0.918 with an average of 0.28%. RAPD dendogram showed three distinct clusters of high, moderate and low using un-weighed pair-group method for arithmetic averages analysis (UPGMA) method. This genetic diversity studies on tea showed effectively for the initial assessment of partitioning the intra specific level of genetic variation correlated to the total PPO enzyme activity. Key words: Camellia sinensis, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), polyphenol oxidase, genetic diversity.
Impact of Social Desirability and Common Method Variance on Two Measures of Entitlement

Entitlement is the predisposition toward expecting or demanding more rewards than someone else regardless of one’s own contribution, effort, or performance. This study examines the impact of social desirability and common method variance on the discriminant validity of the two most popular measures of entitlement: The Psychological Entitlement Scale and the Entitlement subscale of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Data were gathered using three independent samples. In all three studies, forcing items to load on their intended and separate constructs measuring entitlement fit the data well thus providing some evidence of discriminant validity. The correlation between the two entitlement constructs was larger than in previous studies but short of that which is necessary for collinearity providing further evidence of discriminant validity in each study. In each study the amount of shared variance between the two latent entitlement constructs was more than the variance explained in either construct thus failing to provide evidence of discriminant validity. These two measures are similarly affected by socially desirable responding but not likely contaminated by common method variance. Because of their consistently and moderately strong correlation, the PES and the entitlement subscale of the NPI likely measure different but strongly related constructs.
Detection of Humoral Immune Response of Calves to Boophilus annulatus by ELISA

Ticks are blood feeder acarians that feed on variety of animals and introduce a wide variety of molecules to their host immune system and some of them may stimulate host immune system to produce antibodies. This study was carried out to detect humoral immune responses following Boophilus annulatus infestation. Methods: Seven cattle were each experimentally infested with 10000 B. annulatus larvae and their humoral immune re- sponse to salivary gland; ovary and larval extracts were determined by ELISA. Measurements of serum antibodies level were recorded weekly, in a period of nine weeks post infestation. Results: An increase of the antibody level was observed in all animals at one week post infestation and reached in a peak at week ninth, then decreased in week 9. Conclusion: Sera of infected animals showed approximately similar reactions to all of tissue extracts that might be due to the presence of common proteins in tick tissues and could be a candidate for immunization.
RESPONSES OF PLANTS TO INFECTION BY BOTRYTIS CINEREA AND NOVEL MEANS INVOLVED IN REDUCING THEIR SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INFECTION

Once the inoculum of B. cinerea conies into contact with the host and starts to be active in the phyllosphere of a susceptible host tissue, a series of events take place. These events may develop into a process that leads to necrosis of the host, or may end in an arrested infection with minimal damage to the host tissue. Increased susceptibility to the pathogen is associated with factors that enhance ageing of the host tissues, such as the plant hormones ethylene and abscisic acid and elevation of free radical levels in the host tissue. Decreased susceptibility is obtained by inhibiting the production or activity of such factors in the presence of increased levels of plant hormones such as gibberellic acid, and by increasing the calcium content of the cell walls and by scavenging of free radicals in the host tissue. There is evidence for the induction of resistance in hosts affected by B. cinerea. Host tissues challenged by B. cinerea react at the DNA, RNA and protein level and accumulate pathogenicity related proteins, phytoalexins or other phenolic compounds. Deposition of polymers in cell walls and lignification have also been recorded in various hosts. The role of each of these factors in relation to protection is not clear. Moreover, some of the phenomena may occur too late to protect the host tissue against infection. Although the inhibition of specific proteins such as polygalacturonases has been suggested as a mechanism by which to inhibit disease, it is unlikely that the inhibition of one enzyme, would lead to significant restriction of infection. However, simultaneous inhibition of several hydrolytic enzymes produced by the pathogen should result in disease suppression. Possibilities of reducing the susceptibility of hosts or arresting further development of localized infections are discussed.
Distribution shifts of freshwater fish under a variable climate: comparing climatic, bioclimatic and biotic velocities

We aimed to quantify how stream fish species have responded to short‐term variability in climate across eight consecutive periods over the last 20 years by comparing biotic (velocities of observed species range shifts) to expected bioclimatic (velocities of climate‐induced shift in the suitable habitat of species) velocities, a measure combining species‐specific exposure and sensitivity to climate.
The emerging role and significance of circular RNAs in viral infections and antiviral immune responses: possible implication as theranostic agents

ABSTRACT Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are ubiquitously expressed, covalently closed rings, produced by pre-mRNA splicing in a reversed order during post-transcriptional processing. Circularity endows 3′-5′-linked circRNAs with stability and resistance to exonucleolytic degradation which raises the question whether circRNAs may be relevant as potential therapeutic targets or agents. High stability in biological systems is the most remarkable property and a major criterion for why circRNAs could be exploited for a range of RNA-centred medical applications. Even though various biological roles and regulatory functions of circRNAs have been reported, their in-depth study is challenging because of their circular structure and sequence-overlap with linear mRNA counterparts. Moreover, little is known about their role in viral infections and in antiviral immune responses. We believe that an in-depth and detailed understanding of circRNA mediated viral protein regulations will increase our knowledge of the biology of these novel molecules. In this review, we aimed to provide a comprehensive basis and overview on the biogenesis, significance and regulatory roles of circRNAs in the context of antiviral immune responses and viral infections including hepatitis C virus infection, hepatitis B virus infection, hepatitis delta virus infection, influenza A virus infection, Epstein-Barr virus infection, kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus infection, human cytomegalovirus infection, herpes simplex virus infection, human immunodeficiency virus infection, porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus infection, ORF virus infection, avian leukosis virus infection, simian vacuolating virus 40 infection, transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus infection, and bovine viral diarrhoea virus infection. We have also discussed the critical regulatory role of circRNAs in provoking antiviral immunity, providing evidence for implications as therapeutic agents and as diagnostic markers.
A Review of the Species of Aphelinus Dalman, 1820 (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) from Georgia

The aphelinid genus Aphelinus Dalman is defined by means of a brief diagnosis. Two species ( A. babaneuri Japoshvili and A. yasnoshae Japoshvili) are described as new. Distribution, synonyms and host information, where available, are given for each species treated. A key to the females of all 14 known Georgian species is provided.
Circulating follicular helper T cells and subsets are associated with immune response to hepatitis B vaccination

ABSTRACT Around 5–10% of healthy vaccinees lack or produce an inadequate antibody response following receipt of a standard hepatitis B vaccination regimen. Studying immune response to hepatitis B vaccination could promote researches of immunological events contributing to this poor response. To address this, we investigated follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and firstly demonstrated similar kinetics between circulating Tfh (cTfh) cells and Tfh cells derived from mice spleen after hepatitis B vaccination. And cTfh cells were positively associated with anti-HBs at one week after vaccination (D7). Furthermore, we found PBMCs stimulated by HBsAg showed preferential activation of CXCR3− Tfh cells subsets in vitro. The expression of transcription factor BCL6 in CD4+ T cell significantly differed between D7 and four weeks after vaccination (D28). However, dynamic curve of CD19+ B cells tended to rise then fall but no significant trends were observed. Our findings revealed a decrease in cTfh cells and subset skewing contribute to reduced antibody responses in immune response to hepatitis B vaccination, which indicated the importance of Tfh cell in facilitating the optimization of vaccine efficacy.
A study of feasibility for rickshaw type mobile robot

In this paper we have presented how to increase payload performance of the prototype of biped robot EP-WAR2 (Electro-Pneumatic Walking Robot) that was built in Cassino. We have proposed a mechanical design that copies rickshaw's architecture and operation. A study of feasibility has been carried out and preliminary results are herein presented on mechanical characteristics and operation programming.
Assessing the threat of human consumption of tiger prey in the Bangladesh Sundarbans

One of the main threats to wild tigers Panthera tigris is poaching of natural prey, yet information is lacking about this threat for most of the tiger's range. For tiger conservation in the Sundarbans Reserved Forest of Bangladesh, information is needed to assess the impact of prey poaching and the effectiveness of conservation actions to reduce this threat. This study used an interview survey of people living close to the Sundarbans to estimate the scale of prey poaching, investigate factors driving prey poaching and capture information on the nature of prey consumption. Half of the households reported consuming deer meat, with mean consumption of 1.13 kg per household per year; equivalent to 11 195 deer killed. Deer meat was generally consumed for its good taste, with households closer to the forest boundary and with higher‐income levels with relatively higher levels of consumption. Although cost of deer meat was higher than other available meat, 29% of households obtained deer meat for free. Deer meat tended to be obtained from personal contacts, and consumed in private. Most respondents (91.5%) knew deer consumption was illegal, but 69.4% viewed the law as ineffective. The study findings will be used to design focused regulation and awareness activities to reduce prey consumption in the area. The approach used to evaluate prey poaching through investigation of prey consumption follows studies of wild meat consumption in Africa, and can potentially be applied to all tiger landscapes.