Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Suction-Assisted Lipectomy: A New Way to Prevent Postsurgical Skin Waves

Although suction-assisted lipectomy (SAL) is becoming widely used, problems still arise from it. The occurrence of postsurgical skin waves clearly causes difficulties for surgeons. A surgical approach is presented that prevents these irregularities in the treated areas. For the past 10 years, suction-assisted lipectomy (SAL) has proved to be one of the most effective techniques in solving the problem of localized adiposity. SAL is a simple procedure which is becoming widespread throughout the world. It is also associated with other surgical operations such as face and neck lifts, abdominal lifts, thigh lifts, and breast reduction. This technique has become increasingly refined so that it produces very effective and exciting results. Nevertheless, an unsolved problem persists: the possibility of creating unattractive depressions or holes in the treated areas. As is known, cosmetic surgical operations are performed not out of urgency or because of a need to treat a physical disease, but for aesthetic purposes. For this reason, any iatrogenic damage to the patient is of great concern, and doctors who perform such operations are oriented toward avoiding these complications. The problem of skin waves which many physicians face today needs to be addressed. Although waves may appear after an operation and disappear quickly thereafter, in many cases a permanent mark in the skin occurs and is not easily remedied after the operation.
The effect of upstream turbulence on a tip-vortex

A tip-vortex in the wake of a finite length lift generating surface has a low pressure region near the axis of the tip-vortex. This low pressure region can trigger tip-vortex cavitation especially in ship propellers which has adverse effects by causing vibration and underwater noise production. One way of minimising the tip-vortex cavitation is by reducing the propeller blade loading but at a cost of lower operating efficiency of the propeller. An alternative passive approach, to delay the onset of cavitation, by increasing the minimum pressure in the core of the tip-vortex through modification of the tangential velocity profile of the tip-vortex is investigated in this thesis. In this thesis, the effect of upstream turbulence on the peak tangential velocity of the tip-vortex from a NACA 662-415 hydrofoil is investigated through stereo-Particle Image Velocimetry measurements. The turbulence is produced by a passive grid placed in the upstream of the hydrofoil. The tangential velocity profile at three different turbulent intensities were compared with measurements from a baseline no grid case that had nearly uniform and steady inflow to the hydrofoil. The tangential velocity profile of the vortex exhibits a reduction in the average peak tangential velocity under the influence of the grid generated turbulence compared to the no grid case. The measurements taken at two downstream locations, 0.5 and 1.3 chord length downstream from tip of the hydrofoil, showed that a significant reduction in the magnitude of the average peak tangential velocity of the tip-vortex is observed only at the latter position. Also, on examining the axial velocity profiles, a significant reduction in the magnitude of the average peak axial velocity in the core of the tip-vortex was observed under the influence of grid generated turbulence. An apparent effect of the upstream turbulence on the tangential velocity of the tipvortex is seen to appear only when sufficient time is given for a secondary vortex structure, from the upstream turbulence, to form around and be intensified by the primary tip-vortex. At 1.3 chord length downstream from the tip of the hydrofoil, the reduction in the magnitude of the peak tangential velocity is accompanied by increase core radius of the tip-vortex.
Sliding Mode Observer-based MRAS for Sliding Mode DTC of Induction Motor: Electric Vehicle

Abstract: The current paper presents a new, Direct Torque and Flux Control strategy based on sliding mode control (SMC) and space-Vector Modulation (SVM) is proposed for induction motor Sensorless drives in order to solve existing problems in conventional control by Direct Torque Control (C-DTC); such as, high flux, torque and current ripple, and variable switching frequency. The presence of hysteresis comparators is the major reason for high torque and flux ripples in C-DTC. In SM-DTC, the hysteresis comparators and switching Table are replaced by sliding mode controller. The stability and robustness of the controller are proven analytically using the Lyapunov theory. To avoid the use of a mechanical sensor, the rotor speed estimation is made by a sliding mode observer (SMO) based model reference adaptive system (MRAS). The reference model is a Sensorless sliding mode observer and the adaptive model is a typical current model. Finally, the proposed schemes are simulated under Matlab / Simulink environment, and the simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed Sensorless control.
Iatrogenic tramadol addiction

Tramadol, either alone or in combination with paracetamol, is a commonly prescribed opioid analgesic in routine clinical practice. It has reportedly low abuse potential. There are, however, a few reports of tramadol misuse among health care professionals and persons with a family history of addiction. We describe the clinical profile of three women developing addiction to tramadol. In all these cases tramadol was initially prescribed for pain by the physician. Physicians should not only prescribe tramadol cautiously and for a limited time period but also be trained in identifying misuse (selfâ€‘use, over the counter procuring, using for mind altering properties) and dependence (craving, withdrawal symptoms etc.).
Evaluación de los valores séricos de prolactina en lupus eritematoso sistémico.

To determine the relationship between hyperprolactinemia levels and clinical features of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study, was performed in female patients over 18 years old, who attended the Rheumatology Clinic at the Hospital Universitario, in Maracaibo, Venezuela, from November 2012 to June 2013. They underwent a comprehensive medical history evaluation, based on interviews and physical examination, with emphasis on the search for clinical manifestations of lupus activity. Blood samples were taken in order to determine prolactin levels at the moment of the patient evaluation. Values from 2.1 to 47.6 ng/mL were considered as normal. The population was classified into two groups: a group formed by 28 women with lupus crisis and another group formed by 22 patients without crisis. The average prolactin serum level was 39.0 ± 59.5 ng/dL for the first group and 14.2 ± 7.2 ng/dL for the second group, indicating statistical significance (p = 0.044). Patients with lupus crisis had prolactin values higher than those of asymptomatic patients, although only one-seventh of them had absolute hyperprolactinemia. All asymptomatic patients had normal levels of prolactin. All patients with hyperprolactinemia were in lupus crisis. Recibido: 21-06-2015 . Aceptado: 07-04-2016 Investigación Clínica 57(3): 2016 INTRODUCCIÓN El lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) es una enfermedad autoinmune multisistémica (1), en la cual los efectos adversos a largo plazo, están relacionados con diversos factores ambientales, hormonales y genéticos, lo que explica la heterogeneidad de sus manifestaciones clínicas (2). La prolactina (PRL) es una hormona polipeptídica, de cadena simple de 199 aminoácidos y 23 kDa, con tres enlaces disulfuros intramoleculares entre 6 residuos de cisteína (3-7); es sintetizada y secretada por las células lactotropas de la adenohipófisis, aunque en la actualidad se ha demostrado su expresión extrahipofisaria (35). Tiene como función regular el crecimiento y la diferenciación de la glándula mamaria y el ovario (8). La PRL es producida por linfocitos y algunas otras células inmunes, actúa como una citocina y sus efectos en el sistema inmunológico pueden depender de su concentración, lo que resulta en la inmunoestimulación en niveles bajos y la inhibición en los niveles altos (6,7), este hecho en el caso del LES, estaría asociado a un mayor número de exacerbaciones, pudiéndose tomar el valor de PRL como marcador de actividad clínica y severidad de la enfermedad, lo que nos permitiría contar con una alternativa rápida y de fácil acceso para la detección temprana de la crisis lúpica (5,9,10). Los niveles de PRL en suero se han conseguido elevados en pacientes con LES aproximadamente en un 15 y 31% de los casos y en el Gómez-Hernández y col. 238
Consumption of Bone Mineral Density-Associated Nutrients, and TheirFood Sources in Pre-school Japanese Children

In order to fortify bone mineral density (BMD), and to prevent osteoporosis in the future, we investigated consumption of BMD-associated nutrients, and their food sources of pre-school Japanese children. Intakes of minerals (calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus) and vitamins (vitamin D, vitamin K, and vitamin C) were studied based on two weekdays dietary record surveys together with photos taken by 84 parents/caregivers of 5-year-old children. Food sources of relevant nutrients were identified according to contribution analyses, and potential associations of consumption of food sources with selected nutrients were investigated. We further conducted a multiple regression analysis to clarify food/ food groups providing calcium. Calcium consumption of approximately 40% of the subjects manifested an inadequacy, but intakes of other nutrients met the criteria of Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). Major food sources of calcium were milk and dairy products, green and yellow vegetables, soybeans, and other vegetables, and 50% of calcium was supplied by milk and dairy products. Other nutrients were provided by, various food/food items, including milk and dairy products, vegetables, soybeans, fruit, fish and shellfish, meat, eggs, potatoes, and algae. A multiple regression analysis also detected that milk and dairy products were top contributors of calcium intake. Because there was an obvious inadequate intake of calcium in Japanese children, they are advised to enhance consumption of calcium from milk and dairy products and BMD-related minerals and vitamins from green and yellow vegetables, and other vegetables at home. Pertinent nutrition education should be given to parents/caregivers for promotion of bone health.
Obesity Induced Colorectal Cancer

More than 1.4 billion people in the world are overweight or obese [32]. Colorectal cancer takes the lives of 608,000 people each year[32]. It is important to study the negative impact of obesity on the body and population and the etiology of colorectal cancer. My goal was to create a mathematical model that relates obesity and insulin and captures the impact of increasing levels of insulin on the insulin growth factor -1 (IGF-1) pathway. The model is able to predict a risk of colorectal cancer based on a given insulin level.
Something old, something new: revisiting the diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) life table after 65 years

Abstract Nearly 65 years ago, D.G. Harcourt developed the first of 74 life tables of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), on the Central Experimental Farm in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada and at nearby sites. This work is cited whenever authors discuss the life history of the diamondback moth and its parasitoids in Canada. Since Harcourt’s study, climate change, urbanisation, and crop diversity may have altered the population dynamics of both the diamondback moth and its natural enemy community in the original study area. To follow up on Harcourt’s work, we used two approaches to build life tables to describe mortality factors in the field and the natural enemies attacking diamondback moth in Ottawa: destructive sampling of mature cabbage, Brassica oleracea Linnaeus (Brassicaceae), plants similar to Harcourt’s approach and a modern sentinel-based approach with an enemy exclusion cage treatment. After 65 years, the primary parasitoids attacking diamondback moth remained the same, although more parasitoid diversity was revealed by the destructive sampling technique. Total mortality and parasitism levels also remained similar. In one notable difference, we attributed more diamondback mortality to predation. Overall, however, diamondback moth population dynamics have changed little in Ottawa in the decades since Harcourt’s studies.
Morphological Changes During Junctional Neurulation in Chick Embryo

··········································································i List of figures ·································································iv List of abbreviations and symbols ··········································v Introduction ······································································1 Materials and methods ························································6 Results ···········································································7 Discussion ······································································27 References ······································································32 국 문 초 록······································································34
Independent absolute dose calculation using the Monte Carlo method on CT-based data

Purpose: The accuracy of delivered dose is essential to the quality of radiotherapy treatment and tumor response. Generally, there are many types of dosimeter have been used to verify the dose from the treatment; however, most of these dosimeters are impractical for clinical situation. The goal of this study was to assess an absolute dose derived from the Monte Carlo (MC) method for the so-called 6- and 10-MV photon beams obtained from Varian Clinac 2100C linear accelerator. Methods: The deposited doses have been calculated by the EGSnrc code system and, then, were converted into the absolute doses. We were also measured, in water phantom, by an ionization chamber and, in the chest region of Rando phantom, by a thermoluminescense dosimeter (TLD). Results: The simulated data in water phantom agree with the results from both the measurement and previous studies within 2%. By comparing the absolute dose at various positions within the Rando phantom from two-opposing irradiated fields, the difference from MC calculation and TLD measurement was within 2%. Unfortunately, the calculated doses obtained from the collapse cone convolution (CCC) algorithm showed notable difference from that of the MC method. For the interface region within the provided field, it was higher than that from the MC method by almost 5% for the 6-MV and 7% for the 10-MV photon beam. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that the MC method was on the level with the measurement for the dose determination, especially within the delivered field to a heterogeneous phantom.
Vitamin B6: Extract of submission to the UK's Food Standards Agency

Standards Agency by the Institute for Optimum Nutrition (ION) In May, 2003, the British Food Standards Agency’s Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals (EVM) proposed a Safe Upper Level (SUL) for vitamin B6 of 10 mg. This had been proposed, and blocked, in 1988. We believe the basis for arriving at this figure is scientifically flawed, and rightly invoked a considerable scientific and consumer backlash when first proposed in 1998. The human equivalent (allowing a factor of 100) lowest observable adverse effect level (LOAEL) of 30 mg/day established from Phillips’ dogs study and the 50 mg/day LOAEL suggested by Dalton and Dalton have both been scientifically discredited, in the former by the authors of the study themselves and in the latter by overwhelming scientific consensus. Below, these and the remaining ‘key studies’ used in the EVM assessment are revisited briefly before new and existing evidence, not previously considered by the EVM in its assessments of vitamin B6, is presented with a view to enabling a more accurate human-based No Observable Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL), and therefore SUL, to be established.
Periodontal risk profile assessment – a review

Risk assessment of periodontal disease in patients and populations with increased risk of developing periodontitis may have great importance for clinical decisions in periodontal therapy. This risk assessment consists of assessing the level of infection – bleeding on probing index, presence of residual periodontal pockets, loss of teeth, assessment of alveolar bone loss in relation to the patient's age, assessment of systemic conditions and assessment of some risk factors from the environment as smoking. The functional chart of periodontal risk assessment helps the clinician in determining the risk of progression of periodontal disease at the individual level, as well as in determining the frequency and extent of control visits during supportive therapy.
Enhancing nurses' knowledge and application of infection prevention practices

The profile of infection prevention has been raised considerably within the last decade, yet compliant practice remains low. In order to enhance understanding the aim of this research was to explore whether nurses’ knowledge and application of these practices were affected by training, education or experience. A three study approach was conducted to explore this research phenomenon from multiple aspects to converge on a more comprehensive truth. An evaluation of the effectiveness of ward-based clinical skills training determined that implementation improved nurses’ compliance to infection prevention practices. A questionnaire survey of 414 pre- and post-registration nurses’ knowledge and application of infection prevention practice suggested that nurses with more experience had significantly increased understanding and application of practice, compared to nurses with five years or less experience. In-depth interviews explored experiences of infection prevention education from the perspective of two trainers, five pre-registration and ten post-registration nurses who attended training. The triangulated findings of these studies suggest that delivering infection prevention education in a clinical learning environment to small groups of nursing staff at an appropriate time would enable visual, practical and relevant resources to be used and key skills to be practised and demonstrated. Centering the content on specific infections and problem-based scenarios rather than standard precautions, may more effectively enhance nurses’ knowledge through facilitating interaction and engagement and motivate them to transfer the knowledge and skills learnt during education into practice. Findings also suggest that the national Saving Lives audit programme has little impact on improving either infection prevention knowledge or application to practice with regards to key clinical skills. By changing the way that infection prevention education is delivered for nurses and the environment within which it is conducted may effectively improve such education by facilitating more effective interaction, engagement, transference of theory into practice and demonstration of competence. Implications of such education could consequently include enhanced infection prevention knowledge and skills, increased application of such knowledge to practice and therefore enhanced patient safety outcomes in terms of a reduced risk of infection.
Interannual variability of the Chlorophyll-a concentration over Sri Lankan Dome in the Bay of Bengal

ABSTRACT This study investigates the interannual variability of the surface and subsurface Chlorophyll-a Concentration (CC) over the Sri Lankan Dome (SLD) in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) and its possible linkages to local wind-induced upwelling and advection-driven CC transport via southwest monsoon current (SMC) from surrounding waters. A regional ocean modelling system (ROMS) coupled with a nitrogen-based nutrient, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and detritus (NPZD) ecosystem model has been used to simulate the three-dimensional SMC and the upwelling system over the SLD region (5–10 N, 82–87 E) during 2003–2016. A deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM: 0.8–1.8 mg m−3) is observed at the intermediate depths of 10 to 55 m. The model-simulated CC in the SLD region shows a seasonal variation with maximum value during June through September (JJAS), compares well with Bio-Argo observations available nearby, and significantly correlates (r = 0.78) with satellite observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The subsurface chlorophyll distribution demonstrated strong interannual variability, especially during JJAS and is associated with concurrent upwelling. The Ekman Pumping correlates well with the thermocline depth (r = −0.70) and with the deep chlorophyll maximum (r = −0.74). The simulated zonal transport of chlorophyll across 80 E is moderately correlated with the surface chlorophyll on SLD from MODIS observation (0.69) and from the biophysical simulation (0.79), which signifies the role of SMC intrusion from the Arabian Sea to the southwestern BoB. A data-model composite analysis showed that a favourable wind stress curl and shallower thermocline enhanced the Chlorophyll concentration in the SLD region in the high-chlorophyll years (2004, 2014, and 2016). In contrast, reduced advection from the Arabian Sea, deeper thermocline, and the weakening of the deep chlorophyll maxima are responsible for lowering the chlorophyll concentration during the low-chlorophyll years (2008, 2009, and 2011).
Impact of Shell Opening of a Model Razor Clam on the Evolution of Force Chains in Granular Media

The razor clams alternately inflate the shelled body and the muscular foot when burrowing down to the ground. It is found from previous numerical simulations that inflation of the shelled body not only forms a firm anchor for the foot penetration, but also reduces penetration resistance; on the other hand, further foot penetration relaxes the shell anchorage, which may compromise the burrowing effectiveness and efficiency. This study utilizes a photoelasticity-based technology, augmented with image processing, to validate the numerical findings. A simplified penetrator model composed of an expandable rectangular shell and a protrusible triangular foot is designed and incorporated into a transparent cell containing more than four thousand photoelastic disks. Sequential images are then taken during the model penetration, which include an initial foot penetration, followed by shell expansion and then another foot penetration. An image processing algorithm is developed to detect the evolution of grain contact forces (orientation and magnitude of contact forces) during the shell expansion and foot penetration of the model. Results from this study confirm the existence of the mutual influence between shell expansion pressure and foot penetration resistance: that is, increasing one causes reduction of the other and vice versa.