Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clip Closure After Resection of Large Colorectal Lesions With Substantial Risk of Bleeding.

BACKGROUND & AIMS It is not clear whether closure of mucosal defects with clips after colonic endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) prevents delayed bleeding, although it seems to have no protective effects when risk is low. We performed a randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of complete clip closure of large (≥2 cm) large nonpedunculated colorectal lesions (LNPCLs) after EMR in patients with an estimated average or high risk of delayed bleeding METHODS: We performed a single-blind trial at 11 hospitals in Spain, from May 2016 through June 2018, of 235 consecutive patients who underwent EMR for LNPCLs with an average or high risk or delayed bleeding (based on Spanish endoscopy society endoscopic resection group score). Participants were randomly assigned to groups that received closure of the scar with 11 mm through the scope clips (n=119) or no clip (control, n=116). The primary outcome was proportion of patients in each group with delayed bleeding, defined as evident hematochezia that required medical within 15 days after colonoscopy. RESULTS In the clip group, complete closure was achieved in 68 cases (57%), with partial closure in 33 cases (28%) and failure to close in 18 cases (15%). Delayed bleeding occurred in 14 patients in the control group (12.1%) and in 6 patients in the clip group (5%) (absolute risk difference, reduction of 7% in the clip group; 95% CI, -14.7% to 0.3%). After completion of the clip closure, there was only 1 case of delayed bleeding (1.5%) (absolute risk difference, reduction of 10.6%; 95% CI, -4.3% to 17.9%). CONCLUSIONS In a randomized trial of patients with LNPCLs undergoing EMR, we found clip closure of mucosal defects in patients with a risk of bleeding to be a challenge but also to reduce delayed bleeding. Prevention of delayed bleeding required complete clip closure. ClinicalTrials.gov no: NCT02765022.
Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser for cosmetic tattoo removal

Laser is a widely accepted tool for tattoo removal, with standardized treatment protocols. Nevertheless, cosmetic tattoo removal may be challenging, because tattoos are performed in proximity of “sensitive” areas and because the ink used in cosmetic tattoos may contain substances that are not standardized and may modify their color at a high temperature. In this case series, we aim to evaluate the effectiveness of Q‐switched (QS) Nd:YAG laser for cosmetic tattoo removal. Our study included 20 patients with cosmetic tattoos of lips, eyebrows, and eyeliners treated with QS Nd:YAG laser. Before treatment, an accurate preoperative assessment was performed, taking into account both patient and tattoo characteristics. Complete tattoo removal was obtained in all the cases and no major complications occurred. Adverse events were mild, mostly represented by erythema. All patients reported a high level of satisfaction. Selective photothermolysis enables complete tattoo removal, even in the case of cosmetic tattoos. However, cosmetic tattoos require a personalized treatment based on an accurate preoperative assessment which takes into account both patient and tattoo characteristics. QS Nd:YAG laser may be considered a good choice in the treatment of cosmetic tattoos, because it enables complete removal with acceptable secondary effects.
HSPB1 rs2070804 polymorphism is associated with the depth of primary tumor

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world. Genome‐wide association studies are a powerful method to analyze the status of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in specific genes. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) were found to be involved in the cancer progression and chemoresistance. However, there is still no further study about polymorphisms of HSP beta‐1 (HSPB1) in colorectal cancer. We proposed the SNP of HSPB1 may be correlated with the progression and metastasis in colon cancer.
Hypoxia alters the thermogenic response to cold in adult homeothermic and heterothermic rodents

For small mammals living in a cold, hypoxic environment, supplying enough O2 to sustain thermogenesis can be challenging. While heterothermic mammals are generally more tolerant of cold and hypoxia than homeothermic mammals, how they regulate O2 supply and demand during progressive cooling in hypoxia is largely unknown. We show that as ambient temperature is reduced in hypoxia, body temperature falls in both homeotherms and heterotherms. In the homeothermic rat, a decrease in O2 consumption rate and lung O2 extraction accompany this fall in body temperature, despite a relative hyperventilation. Paradoxically, in heterothermic mice, hamsters and ground squirrels, body temperature decreases more than in the homeothermic rat, even though they maintain ventilation, increase lung O2 extraction and maintain or elevate their O2 consumption rates. Variation in cold and hypoxia tolerance among homeotherms and heterotherms reflects divergent strategies in how O2 supply and demand are regulated under thermal and hypoxic challenges.
Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms Among North American Indigenous Adolescents: Considering Predictors and Outcomes.

We identified developmental trajectories of depressive symptoms among 674 Indigenous adolescents (Mage = 11.10, SD = 0.83 years) progressing from early to late adolescence. Four depressive symptoms trajectories were identified: (a) sustained low, (b) initially low but increasing, (c) initially high but decreasing, and (d) sustained high levels of depressive symptoms. Trajectory group membership varied as a function of gender, pubertal development, caregiver major depression, and perceived discrimination. Moreover, participants in the different trajectory groups were at differential risk for the development of an alcohol use disorder. These results highlight the benefit of examining the development of depressive symptoms and the unique ways that depressive symptoms develop among North American Indigenous youth as they progress through adolescence.
Embryo Implantation and Inhibin Dimers (Activin) as Diagnosis of Ectopic Pregnancy

Embryo implantation is necessary for the successful formation of pregnancy. Ectopic implantation external the uterine cavity and the growth of ectopic pregnancy (EP) is a major cause of maternal morbidity and occasionally mortality during the first trimester. EP may be encouraged by failure of tubal transport and/or increased tubal receptivity. Activin A and related proteins (inhibins, follistatin [FS], follistatin-related gene [FLRG], endometrial bleeding associated factors [ebaf]) are involved in the complex mechanisms letting the formation and the upkeep of pregnancy. Pathological expression of activins and their binding protein, follistatin, was observed in tissue and serum samples collected from EP. Numerous studies with different designs studied the diagnostic value of a single measurement of serum activin-A in the differentiation between normal intrauterine and failing early pregnancy and the results are controversial. Nevertheless, the diagnostic value of activins in EP, including the other activin isoforms (activin-B and -AB) and follistatin, merits further research. The local derangement of activin A pathway in some pregnancy disorders (incomplete and complete miscarriages, recurrent abortion, and ectopic pregnancy [EP]) further sustains the hypothesis that activin A and its related proteins play a relevant role in the formation of pregnancy. This review appraises the data to date researching the role of activins or inhibin dimers in the formation of normal pregnancy and, pathogenesis and diagnosis of tubal EP.
Avenues of the membrane transport system in adaptation of plants to abiotic stresses

Abstract Abiotic stress imposed by many factors such as: extreme water regimes, adverse temperatures, salinity, and heavy metal contamination result in severe crop yield losses worldwide. Plants must be able to quickly respond to these stresses in order to adapt to their growing conditions and minimize metabolic losses. In this context, transporter proteins play a vital role in regulating stress response mechanisms by facilitating movement of a variety of molecules and ions across the plasma membrane in order to maintain fundamental cellular processes such as ion homeostasis, osmotic adjustment, signal transduction, and detoxification. Aquaporins play a crucial role in alleviating abiotic stress by transporting water and other small molecules to maintain cellular homeostasis. Similarly, other transporter families such as CDF, ZIP, ABC, NHX, HKT, SWEETs, TMTs, and ion channels also contribute to abiotic stress tolerance. Hormones and other signaling molecules are necessary to coordinate responses across different tissues and to precisely regulate molecular trafficking. The present review highlights the current understanding of how membrane transporters orchestrate stress responses in plants. It also provides insights about the importance of these sensing and adaptive mechanisms for ensuring improved sustainable crop production during unfavorable conditions. Finally, this review discusses future prospects for the use of computational tools in constructing signaling networks to improve our understanding of the behavior of transporters under abiotic stress.
Angiotensin II type 2 receptor blocker PD123319 has more beneficial effects than losartan on ischemia/reperfusion injury and oxidative damage in isolated rat heart.

Our study aimed to determine the effects of Losartan and PD123319 in ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury in isolated perfused rat heart. The study used 40 male Wistar albino rats that were grouped as Control, IR, and IR groups which received Losartan (20 mg/kg), PD123319 (20 mg/kg) and Losartan+PD123319. The hearts were attached to Langendorff isolated heart system by employing in situ cannulation method, and cardiodynamic parameters were recorded during the experiment. At the end of experiment hearts were retained for biochemical analysis, and all data were statistically evaluated. A partial recovery of cardiodynamic parameters was observed in all treatment groups. A significant increase in oxidative stress parameters were seen in the IR group, whereas all treatment groups exhibited lower increase. Furthermore, levels of all antioxidant parameters were significantly lower in the IR group, but higher in the treatment groups. Effects on all parameters were much more remarkable in PD123319 group. Levels of angiotensin II and renin were increased (P<0.001) with IR application, and decreased (P<0.001) with the treatment of both antagonists. In conclusion, treatment of Losartan and PD123319 played a cardioprotective role against IR injury, PD123319 being more effective in this protection.
Spatial Speech-in-Noise Performance in Bimodal and Single-Sided Deaf Cochlear Implant Users

This study compared spatial speech-in-noise performance in two cochlear implant (CI) patient groups: bimodal listeners, who use a hearing aid contralaterally to support their impaired acoustic hearing, and listeners with contralateral normal hearing, i.e., who were single-sided deaf before implantation. Using a laboratory setting that controls for head movements and that simulates spatial acoustic scenes, speech reception thresholds were measured for frontal speech-in-stationary noise from the front, the left, or the right side. Spatial release from masking (SRM) was then extracted from speech reception thresholds for monaural and binaural listening. SRM was found to be significantly lower in bimodal CI than in CI single-sided deaf listeners. Within each listener group, the SRM extracted from monaural listening did not differ from the SRM extracted from binaural listening. In contrast, a normal-hearing control group showed a significant improvement in SRM when using two ears in comparison to one. Neither CI group showed a binaural summation effect; that is, their performance was not improved by using two devices instead of the best monaural device in each spatial scenario. The results confirm a “listening with the better ear” strategy in the two CI patient groups, where patients benefited from using two ears/devices instead of one by selectively attending to the better one. Which one is the better ear, however, depends on the spatial scenario and on the individual configuration of hearing loss.
Cell Intrinsic and Extrinsic Mechanisms of Caveolin-1-Enhanced Metastasis

Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is a scaffolding protein with a controversial role in cancer. This review will initially discuss earlier studies focused on the role as a tumor suppressor before elaborating subsequently on those relating to function of the protein as a promoter of metastasis. Different mechanisms are summarized illustrating how CAV1 promotes such traits upon expression in cancer cells (intrinsic mechanisms). More recently, it has become apparent that CAV1 is also a secreted protein that can be included into exosomes where it plays a significant role in determining cargo composition. Thus, we will also discuss how CAV1 containing exosomes from metastatic cells promote malignant traits in more benign recipient cells (extrinsic mechanisms). This ability appears, at least in part, attributable to the transfer of specific cargos present due to CAV1 rather than the transfer of CAV1 itself. The evolution of how our perception of CAV1 function has changed since its discovery is summarized graphically in a time line figure.
Variability in nicotine conditioned place preference and stress‐induced reinstatement in mice: Effects of sex, initial chamber preference, and guanfacine

Relapse to smoking occurs at higher rates in women compared with men, especially when triggered by stress. Studies suggest that sex‐specific interactions between nicotine reward and stress contribute to these sex differences. Accordingly, novel treatment options targeting stress pathways, such as guanfacine, an α2‐adrenergic receptor agonist, may provide sex‐sensitive therapeutic effects. Preclinical studies are critical for elucidating neurobiological mechanisms of stress‐induced relapse and potential therapies, but rodent models of nicotine addiction are often hindered by large behavioral variability. In this study, we used nicotine conditioned place preference to investigate stress‐induced reinstatement of nicotine preference in male and female mice, and the effects of guanfacine on this behavior. Our results showed that overall, nicotine induced significant place preference acquisition and swim stress‐induced reinstatement in both male and female mice, but with different nicotine dose‐response patterns. In addition, we explored the variability in nicotine‐dependent behaviors with median split analyses and found that initial chamber preference in each sex differentially accounted for variability in stress‐induced reinstatement. In groups that showed significant stress‐induced reinstatement, pretreatment with guanfacine attenuated this behavior. Finally, we evaluated neuronal activation by Arc immunoreactivity in the infralimbic cortex, prelimbic cortex, anterior insula, basolateral amygdala, lateral central amygdala and nucleus accumbens core and shell. Guanfacine induced sex‐dependent changes in Arc immunoreactivity in the infralimbic cortex and anterior insula. This study demonstrates sex‐dependent relationships between initial chamber preference and stress‐induced reinstatement of nicotine conditioned place preference, and the effects of guanfacine on both behavior and neurobiological mechanisms.
Potentiometric Study of Rhenium(V) Complex Formation With Azathioprine And Ceftriaxone

The behavior of complex formation of Re(V) metal ion with azathioprine (AZ) and ceftriaxone (CE) as medicinal drugs has been investigated potentiometrically in 0.3 M hydrochloric acid. The stability constant of the prepared complexes has been determined and calculated at various temperatures. The obtained results showed that Re(V)-AZ system showed the formation 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 complexes, while Re(V)-CE showed only 1:1 and 1:2 complexes. The complex formation suggests a successive displacement of the chloride molecules from the coordination sphere of the central ion by the AZ ligand. In addition, the effect of temperature on the complexes formation of Re(V) with AZ and CE was investigated. The entropy and enthalpy changes showed a favorable and exothermic process, respectively. The kinetic parameters of the formation complex process were calculated and discussed.
Chalcogen OCF3 Isosteres Modulate Drug Properties without Introducing Inherent Liabilities

The synthesis of SCF3 as well as SeCF3 isosteres of two OCF3‐containing drugs was achieved through visible light and copper‐catalyzed processes. Herein, we show that chalcogen replacement modulates physicochemical and ADME properties without introducing intrinsic liabilities. The SCF3 and SeCF3 groups are more lipophilic than their oxygen counterpart; however, microsomal stability is unchanged, indicating that these molecular changes may be beneficial for in vivo half‐life. Enabled by modern synthetic methods, we present the chalcogen‐CF3 groups as potential key players for future fluorinated pharmaceuticals.
Natural language understanding (NLU) processing based on user-specified interests

Methods and apparatus for natural language understanding (NLU) processing based on user- specified interests. Information specifying a weight for each of a plurality of domains is received via a user interface. The plurality of domains each relates to a potential area of interest for the user, and the weight for a domain from among the plurality of domains indicates a level of interest for the user in the domain. A ranking classifier used to rank NLU hypotheses generated by an NLU engine is trained using training data from which features are, at least in part, based on the information specifying a weight for each of the plurality of domains.
Distal intestinal obstruction syndrome: an important differential diagnosis for abdominal pain in patients with cystic fibrosis

As life expectancy for those with cystic fibrosis (CF) now exceeds 40 years of age, adult hospitals away from specialized CF services are being exposed more frequently to people with acute complications of CF. Well‐known manifestations of CF include pulmonary disease and pancreatic insufficiency with malabsorption. However, a less well‐known entity is distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS), which is an important cause of obstructive symptoms in people with CF that must be differentiated from other causes of bowel obstruction. However, one confounding factor is that adults with CF may have elements of both DIOS and mechanical bowel obstruction due to adhesions from previous operations. A recent tragic outcome in a young adult with CF highlights the need for all doctors, both junior and senior, especially those who are not directly involved in day‐to‐day CF care, to understand the features of DIOS and the appropriate management, which differs from that of a mechanical bowel obstruction. This review aims to highlight the clinical and pathophysiological features of DIOS, differentiate it from other causes of bowel obstruction and contrast management strategies. Improved knowledge of DIOS will help to facilitate appropriate recognition and permit optimal, multidisciplinary management of this CF complication.
Teaching of Statistics in the Computer Age

in length (7 to 26 pages) and formal mathematical content; it is not necessary to specialise in the area to find many of the accounts fascinating. This book, and an earlier volume from the same stable on statisticians, is perhaps pricy for the individual pocket but well worth its place on the shelf of the academic library.
YouTube as a Patient-Information Source for Cleft Lip and Palate

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the content and quality of the popular videos on YouTubeTM about the treatment of cleft lip and palate. Design: Retrospective, YouTubeTM video analysis. Methods: The 3 keywords “cleft lip and palate surgery,” “cleft lip and palate treatment,” and “cleft lip and palate repair” were searched on YouTubeTM. After sorted by view-count, final 50 videos were analyzed for general characteristics, primary purpose, information content, relevance, audiovisual quality, and also viewers’ interaction index, and viewing rate formulas were calculated for each video. Kruskal Wallis and one-way analysis of variance tests were used to compare the video parameters between good, moderate, and poor information content videos. Results: The viewing rate was significantly higher in good content videos (P = .003). Most of the videos were uploaded by a clinic (32%), a surgeon (20%), or individuals (22%) who shared their own experience. Most of the videos (54.00%) were classified as moderate general information content and 26.00% were rated as poor, and 20.00% were rated as good. Videos generally involved patient information (60.00%), followed by patient parent’s experience (14.00%), and cleft lip and palate surgery (12.00%). The average viewers’ interaction index of all evaluated YouTubeTM videos was 0.36. Conclusions: Although most of the videos were rated as moderate regarding the sufficiency of the information, the results of this study showed that YouTubeTM could still not be considered as a fully reliable source of information for patients on treatment of cleft lip and palate.
Cutting back malaria: CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing of Plasmodium

Abstract CRISPR/Cas9 approaches are revolutionizing our ability to perform functional genomics across a wide range of organisms, including the Plasmodium parasites that cause malaria. The ability to deliver single point mutations, epitope tags and gene deletions at increased speed and scale is enabling our understanding of the biology of these complex parasites, and pointing to potential new therapeutic targets. In this review, we describe some of the biological and technical considerations for designing CRISPR-based experiments, and discuss potential future developments that broaden the applications for CRISPR/Cas9 interrogation of the malaria parasite genome.
Trait mindfulness and health behaviours: a meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Mindfulness is defined as bringing one’s attention to present-moment experience with acceptance, and is associated with engagement in various health behaviours. To synthesise and evaluate this literature, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analytic review and examined (a) the associations between trait mindfulness and health behaviours and (b) the extent to which these associations were moderated by study and individual differences. A total of 125 independent samples were included (N = 31,697, median male percentage = 38.8%, median age = 28.3). A multilevel random-effects model was used to estimate summary study-level effect sizes, and multilevel mixed-effects models were used to examine moderator effects. Mindfulness had a positive and small association with aggregated health behaviours (r = .08). Mindfulness was positively associated with physical activity, healthy eating, and sleep (rs = .08–.14), and negatively associated with alcohol use (r = −.06). Effects were larger for health promoting behaviours, the acting with awareness facet of mindfulness, and samples involving psychiatric patients. Although findings indicate that individual differences in trait mindfulness do not reliably translate into a pattern of healthful behaviours in general, trait mindfulness shows a stronger associations with health behaviours under certain conditions.