Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optical Multipath RF Self-Interference Cancellation Based on Phase Modulation for Full-Duplex Communication

Optical multipath RF self-interference cancellation (SIC) based on phase modulation for full-duplex communication is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. Phase modulation is utilized to convert the RF signal into optical domain, in which the time delay tuning, amplitude tuning and phase inversion for multipath RF SIC are completed. The comprehensive theoretical model of the optical multipath RF SIC system is established, and the factors affecting SIC performance including the time delay, amplitude and phase deviations are analyzed. The experimental results verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme for full-duplex communication with the cancellation depth of 26 dB and 28 dB over 100 MHz at central frequency of 6 GHz and 10 GHz, respectively. A figure of merit of the maximum interference to signal of interest ratio is defined to characterize the SOI recovery capability of optical RF SIC system.
Weather‐driven dynamics of an intermediate host: mechanistic and statistical population modelling of Oncomelania hupensis

1. Population models of intermediate host species' abundance are vital tools for assessing the impacts of control activities and changing environmental conditions on host-parasite dynamics. Public health practitioners require reliable predictions to inform disease control decisions that target the intermediate host of human schistosomes. A synthesis of mechanistic and statistical modelling approaches was undertaken to develop a weather-driven mathematical population dynamics model for Oncomelania hupensis, the intermediate host for Schistosoma japonicum. 2. The model was parameterized with data from a novel, longitudinal mark-recapture technique incorporating enclosures in order to distinguish birth from immigration and death from emigration. Snail density, recruitment and death rates were estimated monthly, and environmental variables recorded continuously at three sites in a mountainous region of south-western China. 3. Generalized estimating equation models were used to relate birth and death parameters to lagged and unlagged environmental variables, clustered by site. Competing mechanistic models, combining these submodels, were assessed based on their prediction error against observed population dynamics. In the best-fit overall model, O. hupensis seasonal cycling was largely governed by temperature and episodic precipitation events > 15 mm, with characteristic early spring and late summer population peaks. Density-dependent effects were not detected. 4. The implications for snail control and, in particular, the influence of human hydrological disturbances on snail populations were examined. The model quantified the response of O. hupensis to small changes in climate variables, providing vital data for assessing the potential impact of climate change on parasite intermediate host populations. 5. Synthesis and applications. The results of this study can form the basis of management measures aimed at controlling the Asian intermediate host of a widespread human parasite, with relevance to nearly 30 million affected people. As a component of larger disease transmission models, a description of snail population dynamics is valuable both for explaining the patterns of occurrence of disease in natural populations, and for evaluating the relative impact of different environmental scenarios on host-parasite interactions. Having integrated the first direct measurements of O. hupensis population parameters in a validated, weather-driven population model, managers may now quantitatively evaluate the response of O. hupensis to changing environmental conditions, including environmental modifications designed to achieve population reductions. Results suggest that, in particular, the sensitivity of O. hupensis to heavy flow events can be exploited as a potential control technique.
Ancient DNA - unlocking plants' fossil secrets.

menziesii) several years after nursery inoculation. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30: 360–371. Smith SE, Read DJ. 1997. Mycorrhizal symbiosis. San Diego, CA, USA: Academic Press. Staddon PL, Thompson K, Jakobsen I, Grime JP, Askew AP, Fitter AH. 2003. Mycorrhizal fungal abundance is affected by long-term climatic manipulations in the field. Global Change Biology 9: 186–194. St-Arnaud M, Hamel C, Vimard B, Caron M, Fortin JA. 1996. Enhanced hyphal growth and spore production of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices in an in vitro system in the absence of host roots. Mycological Research 100: 328–332. Tagu D, Faivre Rampant P, Lapeyrie F, Frey-Klett P, Vion P, Villar M. 2001. Variation in the ability to form ectomycorrhizas in the F1 progeny of an interspecific Populus (Populus spp.) cross. Mycorrhiza 10: 237–240. Taylor G. 2002. Populus: Arabidopsis for forestry. Do we need a model tree? Annals of Botany 90: 681–689. Tunlid A, Talbot NJ. 2002. Genomics of parasitic and symbiotic fungi. Current Opinion in Microbiology 5: 513–519. Tuskan GA. 1998. Short-rotation forestry: What we know and what we need to know. Biomass and Bioenergy 14: 307–315. Tuskan GA, Walsh M. 2001. Short-rotation woody crop systems, atmospheric carbon dioxide and carbon management. Forestry Chronicles 77: 259–264. Wullschleger SD, Jansson S, Taylor G. 2002. Genomics and forest biology: Populus emerges as the perennial favorite. Plant Cell 14: 2651–2655.
A Cooperative RSU Caching Policy for Vehicular Content Delivery Networks in Two-Way Road with a T-junction

In this paper, a cooperative roadside unit (RSU) caching policy is proposed for vehicular content delivery networks (VCDNs) in two-way road with a T-junction to reduce the average download delay of contents. In our system model, due to the constraint of base station (BS) transmission capacity, vehicles can achieve better download delay performance if the requested contents are stored in the cache-enabled RSUs. According to the traffic situations, vehicles are classified into four types. With this framework, the closed-from result of the average download delay is derived based on the proposed cooperative RSU caching policy, the arrival rates of vehicles belonging to different types, and the popularity distributions of contents. The problem of minimizing the average download delay with the proposed cooperative caching policy is formulated subject to the cache capacity constraint of RSUs. Since the optimization problem falls into an NP-hard problem, we adopt a fast simulated anneal (FSA) algorithm for content allocation. Simulation results show that the proposed FSA algorithm based cooperative RSU caching policy is more efficient for the average download delay reduction compared with the conventional popularity based caching policy.
Invasive plants and native amphibians: The implications for amphibian conservation in eastern North America

Being individually immobile organisms, many plants rely on chemical or physical defenses against herbivory and competition. This, and other reasons, have evolutionarily led to chemistry playing a large role in plants’ interactions with the rest of their community. If Typha angustifolia or Phragmites australis are associated with altered water chemistry compared to non-invaded wetlands, then there may be an increased risk to native amphibians in invaded wetlands compared to non-invaded wetlands. In order to investigate this potential relationship, I monitored water chemistry measures including dissolved oxygen, nitrate, ammonium, pH, and temperature in naturally occurring ponds around northeast Ohio in the summer of 2007 and 2008. Also in 2008, I added growth and survival measures of Lithobates clamitans and L. catesbeianus. In both years, I found water chemistry differences between invaded and non-invaded wetlands, and in 2008 there were significant differences in growth and survival of native anurans across those same ponds. Generally speaking, tadpole survival and growth were better in non-invaded wetlands, with little difference between the two types of invaded wetlands. Oxygen was lower in non-
Passive Integrated Transponders in Gila elegans: Location, Retention, Stress, and Mortality

Despite large-scale propagation and rearing efforts few of the critically endangered bonytail, Gila elegans, are recovered following release from hatcheries. This study tested the role of passive integrative transponder (PIT) tag loss and tagging associated stress and mortality in these low recoveries. Bonytail exhibited 98-100 percent tag retention regardless of insertion direction (ventral toward anterior and anterior toward ventral). Plasma cortisol levels were measured at 0, 0.5, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours following PIT-tagging in fish held at three temperatures (12, 16, and 20°C) as an indicator of stress. Bonytail tagged at 16°C had significantly lower plasma cortisol levels than those of fish tagged at 12°C and 20°C. At all three temperatures cortisol levels returned to baseline with in 24 hours. Mortality associated with PIT-tagging was only observed at 20°C. These data suggest that PIT tag handling for bonytail should occur at 16°C.
Optimization of Lignocellulosic Bioethanol Production Using Pentose Fermenting Yeasts and Raman Spectroscopy

Compared to traditional IR methods, Raman spectroscopy has the advantage of only minimal interference from water when measuring aqueous samples, which makes this method potentially useful for in-situ monitoring of important industrial bioprocesses. This study demonstrates real-time monitoring of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation process using a Raman spectroscopy instrument equipped with a robust sapphire ball probe. A method was developed to correct the Raman signal for the attenuation caused by light scattering cell particulate, hence enabling quantification of reaction components and possibly measurement of yeast cell concentrations. Extinction of Raman intensities to more than 50% during fermentation were normalized with approximated extinction expressions using Raman signal of water around 1627 cm as internal standard to correct for the effect of scattering. Complicated standard multi variant chemometric techniques, such as PLS, were avoided in the quantification model, as an attempt to keep the monitoring method as simple as possible and still get satisfactory estimations. Instead, estimations were made with a two-step approach, where initial scattering correction of attenuated signals was followed by linear regression. In-situ quantification measurements of the fermentation resulted in root mean square errors of prediction (RMSEP) of 2.357, 1.611 and 0.633 g/L for glucose, ethanol and yeast concentrations respectively.
STUDIES ON THE CONTROL OF ANTIBODY SYNTHESIS

The effect of antigen dose on the kinetics of circulating antibody synthesis and on antibody affinity was studied in a haptenic system. High doses of antigen resulted, early in immunization, in higher concentrations of antibody followed later in the immune response by decreased serum levels of antibody as compared with lower doses of antigen. The affinity of the initial antibody synthesized was very similar over a wide antigen dose range. Subsequently, however, a rapid rise in affinity was seen in animals immunized with low doses of antigen, while relatively little change in affinity was seen in animals immunized with higher antigen doses. Suppression of active antibody formation by passive antiserum led to an increase in antibody affinity. The results are discussed in terms of the mechanisms involved in the selection of a population of cells to participate in the immune response and the mechanisms whereby antigen dose and circulating antibody function to control antibody synthesis.
EFFECTS OF BOT FLY (CUTEREBRA FONTINELLA) PARASITISM ON A POPULATION OF WHITE-FOOTED MICE (PEROMYSCUS LEUCOPUS)

Abstract Bot flies are common parasites of Peromyscus leucopus, although determination of a cost to the host has been elusive. The goal of this study was to further explore the potential costs of bot fly parasites for a population of P. leucopus. We investigated the effects of parasitism on host condition (mass after controlling for parasite mass and host body length) and survivorship (the number of days animals persisted on trapping grids). Parasitism was quantified by prevalence (proportion of the population infected), intensity (the number of parasites per infected host), and dispersion of parasites within hosts (clumped, regular, or random). In addition, we searched for spatial and temporal patterns in infection. Finally, we analyzed the relationship between population demography and parasitism. Contrary to expectations, we found that infected mice persisted longer on trapping grids and were in better condition than uninfected mice. Also, we discovered that when considering overall infection levels, parasites were clumped within hosts, but when considering the number of simultaneous infections, parasites were randomly distributed among hosts. Although most animals had single infections, there was a high incidence of reinfections, leading to bimodal patterns of parasitism. Prevalence was not correlated with host density, sex ratio, or proportion reproductive, but there were significant relationships between intensity and density and sex ratio in 1 year. In addition, prevalence and proportion of reproductively active animals were asynchronous. These results suggest that bot flies do not impose an obvious cost to their hosts, and hosts may express some degree of tolerance for bot fly parasitism.
The Effect of Initial Inoculum Source on the Microbial Community Structure and Dynamics in Laboratory-Scale Sequencing Batch Reactors

The Effect of Initial Inoculum Source on the Microbial Community Structure and Dynamics in Laboratory-Scale Sequencing Batch Reactors Susana Patricia Amaya Hernandez Understanding the factors that shapes the microbial community assembly in activated sludge wastewater treatment processes provide a conceptual foundation for improving process performance. The aim of this study was to compare two major theories (deterministic theory and neutral theory) regarding the assembly of microorganisms in activated sludge: Six lab-scale activated sludge sequencing batch reactors were inoculated with activated sludge collected from three different sources (domestic, industrial, and sugar industry WWTP). Additionally, two reactors were seeded with equal proportion of sludge from the three WWTPs. Duplicate reactors were used for each sludge source (i.e. domestic, industrial, sugar and mix). Reactors were operated in parallel for 11 weeks under identical conditions. Bacterial diversity and community structure in the eight SBRs were assessed by 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. The 16S rRNA gene sequences were analyzed using taxonomic and clustering analysis and by measuring diversity indices (Shannon-weaver and Chao1 indices). Cluster analysis revealed that the microbial community structure was dynamic and that replicate reactors evolved differently. Also the microbial community structure in the SBRs seeded with a different sludge did not converge after 11 weeks of operation under identical conditions. These results suggest that history and distribution of taxa in
TAQMAN® MGB REAL-TIME PCR APPROACH TO QUANTIFICATION OF PERKINSUS MARINUS AND PERKINSUS SPP. IN OYSTERS

Abstract Several molecular diagnostic assays have been developed in an attempt to replace the traditional Ray's Fluid Thioglycollate Medium (RFTM) assay for detection and quantification of Perkinsus marinus in oysters. Real-time PCR technology is a state-of-the-art method currently used to diagnose disease intensity in vertebrates. We developed a simple (two-reagent) real-time PCR assay to quantify P. marinus (PMAR) and Perkinsus spp. (PERK) in oysters, using TaqMan® assays designed with Minor Groove Binder (MGB) probes on an Applied Biosystems 7500 Real-Time PCR System. Both PERK and PMAR assays demonstrate strong correlations (R2 ≥ 0.99) between parasite cell density and real-time PCR threshold cycle (CT) with amplification efficiencies ≥99%. The PERK assay results in similar amplification plots for the three species tested (P. marinus, P. olseni and P. chesapeaki), whereas the PMAR assay detects only P. marinus. A strong correlation (R2 > 0.90) was found between infection level determined by the traditional RFTM method and quantification by real-time PCR, based on internal standards prepared from P. marinus spiked oyster tissue. The PCR assays also detected Perkinsus in oysters diagnosed as negatives using the traditional method, suggesting that the described assay may be more sensitive. These assays provide a nonsubjective, specific and accurate quantification of P. marinus in oyster tissues and thus could potentially replace the traditional method in some applications.
The Changing Male Breadwinner Model in Australia: a New Gender Order?

Abstract Complex changes have occurred in the Australian gender order in the past few decades. A strong version of a male breadwinner/female carer gender order was an important component of early twentieth century Australian social, economic and political institutional frameworks. While the male breadwinner model was far from either universal or uniform in the post World War II period, significant further changes have recently occurred. Although many aspects of the traditional gender order remain intact, it has been profoundly disrupted by restructuring within the labour market and also by the decline of the nuclear family and other socio-economic changes affecting gender arrangements within households. These changes have led to increased complexity and diversity in existing gender arrangements. Furthermore, changes and continuities in gender arrangements have not been experienced evenly and a growing polarisation has occurred in the gender roles and arrangements within different socio-economic groups in society. The winners and losers from the impact of economic and social restructuring are frequently engaged in quite different strategies of adjustment, resulting in both changed and reinforced versions of the traditional male breadwinner model.
Movement and Cover-type Selection by Fledgling Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapilla) after Independence from Adult Care

Abstract We used radiotelemetry to monitor movements and cover-type selection by independent fledgling Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapilla) at two managed-forest sites differing in mature-forest matrix: open-understory deciduous forest and dense-understory mixed-deciduous-conifer forest. Ovenbirds at each site made one to three single-day long-distance movements; those movements were of similar distance at the deciduous site ( = 849 ± 159 m) and the mixed-deciduous-conifer site ( = 1,133 ± 228 m). They also moved similar mean daily distances within stands at the deciduous site ( = 101 ± 12 m) and the mixed-deciduous-conifer site ( = 105 ± 11 m), and used areas of similar local vegetation density, but denser than that of their nesting habitat. Fledglings in the deciduous study area selected sapling-dominated clearcuts and forested wetlands over mature forest and shrub-dominated clearcuts. Fledglings in the mixed-deciduous-conifer study area generally used cover types in accordance with availability, and tended not to use shrub-dominated clearcuts. Our results suggest regenerating clearcuts may be important areas for independent fledgling Ovenbirds in landscapes that consist of otherwise contiguous open-understory mature forest, but not until saplings establish in those clearcuts, and not necessarily in forests where dense understory and naturally dense areas such as forested wetlands are common.
LCE4A CRISPR/Cas9 KO Plasmid (h): sc- 418326

The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein (Cas9) system is an adaptive immune response defense mechanism used by archea and bacteria for the degradation of foreign genetic material (4,6). This mechanism can be repurposed for other functions, including genomic engineering for mammalian systems, such as gene knockout (KO) (1,2,3,5). CRISPR/Cas9 KO Plasmid products enable the identification and cleavage of specific genes by utilizing guide RNA (gRNA) sequences derived from the Genome-scale CRISPR Knock-Out (GeCKO) v2 library developed in the Zhang Laboratory at the Broad Institute (3,5).
Global microsatellite content potentially distinguishes humans, primates, animals, and plants

Microsatellites are highly mutable, repetitive sequences commonly used as genetic markers, but they have never been assayed en masse. Using a custom microarray to measure hybridization intensities of every possible repetitive nucleotide motif from 1-mers to 6-mers, we examined 25 genomes. Here we show that global microsatellite content varies predictably by species, as measured by array hybridization signal intensities, and particular motifs are characteristic of one species versus another. For instance, hominid-specific microsatellite motifs were identified despite alignment of the human reference, Celera, and Venter genomic sequences indicating substantial variation (30-50%) among individuals. Differential microsatellite motifs were mainly associated with genes involved in developmental processes, while those found in intergenic regions exhibited no discernible pattern related to transcription factor binding sites or non-microsatellite repetitive sequences (i.e., LINEs, and SINEs). This is the first description of a method for evaluating microsatellite content to classify individual genomes. We are providing supplementary data and a website where the microarray design details and raw data may be obtained.
Distribution changes of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) in the northern Gulf of St Lawrence in relation to an oceanic cooling

Research vessel trawl survey data were examined to investigate age-by-age changes in the distribution of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) with respect to depth, temperature, and latitude in the northern Gulf of St Lawrence (Canada) in both winter (1978‐1994) and summer (1984‐1995) in relation to a water cooling event. We used a cumulative distribution function method that statistically compares distributions of sampled variables with those occupied by fish. There was no evidence that the ambient temperatures occupied by cod changed with the cooling. On average, cod occupied waters with temperatures of 4.4‐5.9)C in winter and of 1.4‐3.5)C in summer, with no temporal trend. However, major distribution shifts occurred in winter: the median latitude of the geographic distribution in 1993 was 2) (220 km) south of that in 1985, and cod were also distributed 200 m deeper in the 1990s. Even though stock abundance decreased drastically during the time period considered, abundance in the deepest stratum surveyed (>365 m) increased. The median latitude of distribution in winter was correlated with an index of temperature anomaly in the cold intermediate layer during the previous summer (r=0.85, p<0.05, corrected for autocorrelation). This indicates that the cooling at mid-depth influenced cod distribution and resulted in an earlier wintering migration. Cod responded to a change in their habitat by changing their migration and distribution patterns. 1999 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea