Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Status and prognostic nomogram of patients with Burkitt lymphoma

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the newest status of patients diagnosed Burkitt lymphoma (BL), an aggressive lymphoma subset with a high cure rate. Furthermore, the study aimed to create prognostic nomograms to consider various prognostic factors and estimate patient survival, paving the way for clinical decision-making. A total of 4,600 patients diagnosed with BL between 1983 and 2015 were investigated, via data collected from the SEER database. The overall status of the patients was analyzed through several aspects, including incidence and survival analysis of the previous three decades using the log-rank test and the Kaplan-Meier method. In order to construct and validate the nomograms, the patient diagnosed during 2005–2015 were randomly assigned to the training cohort and validation cohort. Univariate and multivariate analyses were applied to identify independent factors that were further included in the nomograms, predicting 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). The data of the training cohort were used for internal validation and validation cohort used to external validation. C-index and calibration plots were used to validate the nomograms, comparing predicted values with actual outcomes. The incidence of BL was gradually increased from 1984 and reached its peak in 2009, at a rate of 0.491 per 100,000 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.412–0.581]. From 2009, the incidence slowly declined year by year and dropped to 0.280 per 100,000 (95% CI, 0.224–0.346). The OS and CSS rates of patients diagnosed between 2005 and 2015 were increased, in contrast with those of patients diagnosed from 1983–1993 and 1994–2004. A total of five variables, including age, race, chemotherapy, primary site and stage, proved to be the prognostic factors of BL and were used to construct the nomograms predicting 3- and 5-year OS and CSS. The internal and external calibration plots for the probability of 3- and 5-year OS and CSS were consistent between nomogram prediction and observed outcomes. The slow decline in incidence and the significantly improved cure rate make BL a disease that is no longer an urgent problem. Effective nomograms were developed to predict the OS and CSS of patients with BL.
Identification and chemoresistance of cancer stem cells in HPV-negative oropharyngeal cancer

The underlying mechanisms of resistance to chemoradiotherapy of human papilloma virus (HPV)-negative patients with oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) remain unclear. The present study aimed to characterize cancer stem cells (CSC) of the HPV-negative OPC cell line in terms of chemotherapy resistance. CSCs were isolated through magnetic activated cell sorting using the CSC specific marker aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 antibody, and characterized by sphere formation capacity, immunofluorescence staining, and CSC marker expression. CSC response to cisplatin treatment was evaluated via XTT-assays. Spheres of CSCs of the HPV-negative UTSCC-60A cell line were highly dark holospheres. RNA expression levels of CSC markers OCT4, SOX2, Kruppel-like factor 4 and BMI1 were significantly higher in CSC. CSCs were significantly resistant to cisplatin treatment at various dosages compared with nonCSC. The present study suggested that the proportion of CSCs is very low in the tumor bulk, CSCs are resistant to cisplatin in HPV-negative OPC, which requires further investigation to define their mechanism.
Oleoyl‐Estrone

Oleoyl‐estrone (OE) is a powerful slimming agent that is also present in plasma and adipose tissue, where it is synthesized. It acts through the formation of a derivative W. OE effects (and W levels) are proportional to the dose. OE reduces food intake but maintains energy expenditure (thermogenesis). The energy gap is fulfilled with adipose tissue fat, sparing body protein and maintaining glycemia (and glycogen) with lower insulin and leptin levels. OE (in fact W) acts through specific receptors, different from those of estrogen. OE increases cholesterol catabolism, reducing hypercholesterolemia in obese rats. The main metabolic effect on adipose tissue is lowering of lipid synthesis, maintaining unchanged the intracellular lipolytic processes; the imbalance favors the progressive loss of fat, which is largely used by the muscle. OE administration induces additive effects with other antiobesity agents, such as β3‐adrenergic agonists, forcing a massive loss of lipid. Corticosteroids markedly limit OE action by altering the liver control of lipogenesis. OE also inhibits the action of 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, decreasing the synthesis of β‐estradiol and testosterone. Discontinuous treatment allows for maximal efficacy both in rats and humans. OE has the advantage that the loss of fat is maintained and does not require additional dietary limitations.
血清の非特異的溶血(SH50)活性によるサケ・マス類の健康状態の評価法

Normal salmonid sera were assayed for spontaneous haemolytic activity, SH50 activity, against washed goldfish red blood cells. When juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch and masu satmon O. masou were starved for 10 to 20 days and injected with Aeromonas salmonicida and Vibrio anguillarum intraperitoneally, a correlation between the decrease in the SH50 activity and the increase in severity of starvation and diseases was evidently represented. A similar correlation was followed by naturally diseased salmonids. The SH50 activity reflected the alteration in the state of health. Also, a consideable difference in the SH50 activity was shown by parr-smolt transformation of masu salmon. A possibility of the SH50 activity as a parameter of fish health assesment is discussed.
Atrial Cardiopathy and Nonstenosing Large Artery Plaque in Patients With Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background and Purpose— Atrial cardiopathy and atherosclerotic plaque are two potential mechanisms underlying embolic strokes of undetermined source (ESUS). The relationship between these two mechanisms among ESUS patients remains unclear. A better understanding of their association may inform targeted secondary prevention strategies. Methods— We examined the association between atrial cardiopathy and atherosclerotic plaque in the NAVIGATE ESUS trial (New Approach Rivaroxaban Inhibition of Factor Xa in a Global Trial Versus ASA to Prevent Embolism in Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source), which enrolled 7213 patients with recent ESUS during 2014 to 2017. For this analysis, we included patients with data on left atrial dimension, location of brain infarction, and cervical large artery plaque. The variables of primary interest were left atrial diameter and cervical plaque ipsilateral to brain infarction. Secondary markers of atrial cardiopathy were premature atrial contractions on Holter monitoring and newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation. For descriptive purposes, left atrial enlargement was defined as ≥4.7 cm. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between atrial cardiopathy markers and ipsilateral plaque after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, current smoking, and hyperlipidemia. Results— Among 3983 eligible patients, 235 (5.9%) had left atrial enlargement, 939 (23.6%) had ipsilateral plaque, and 94 (2.4%) had both. Shared risk factors for left atrial enlargement and ipsilateral plaque were male sex, white race, hypertension, tobacco use, and coronary artery disease. Despite shared risk factors, increasing left atrial dimension was not associated with ipsilateral plaque after adjustment for covariates (odds ratio per cm, 1.1 [95% CI, 1.0–1.2]; P=0.08). We found no consistent associations between secondary markers of atrial cardiopathy and ipsilateral plaque. Conclusions— In a large population of patients with ESUS, we did not observe a notable association between atrial cardiopathy and atherosclerotic plaque, and few patients had both conditions. These findings suggest that atrial cardiopathy and atherosclerotic plaque may be distinct, nonoverlapping risk factors for stroke among ESUS patients.
The superficial temporal artery: A meta‐analysis of its prevalence and morphology

The superficial temporal artery (STA) is a terminal branch of the external carotid artery. It supplies the regions of scalp and face. The morphometrical data concerning STAs are not consistent; therefore, in this systemic review and meta‐analysis, we aimed in this to provide an up‐to‐date data on its anatomic features.
Design and psychometric analysis of a climacteric adjustment questionnaire for middle-aged women.

OBJECTIVE The climacteric adjustment questionnaire (CAQ) was developed to assess the adjustment with fertility changes in middle-aged women. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the CAQ in a sample of Iranian middle-aged women. METHOD This study used the impact item method and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to evaluate the psychometric properties and construct validity of the developed questionnaire. The primary questionnaire was developed based on a qualitative study. A principal componential analysis (34 items) with Varimax rotation was conducted in a cross-sectional study on 277 middle-aged women. RESULTS In the qualitative section, of the 34 items extracted, those with an impact item index of over 1.5, a content validity ratio of over 0.42, and a content validity index of over 0.79 were considered as valid. EFA reduced the list of the items to 32 with six factors capable of predicting 58% of the variance. The Cronbach's α coefficient for CAQ was 0.863. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study indicated that the validity and reliability of the questionnaire designed to measure the adjustment to the climacteric period in middle-aged women could be used in related studies.
Association of depression and obesity is mediated by weight perception

This study investigates whether the association between obesity and depression is mediated by the perception of body weight and verifies the combined effect of being obese and having a self-perception of being fat on depression in a population-based sample of 1238 individuals. Weight perception mediated the association between depression and obesity in 39.3 percent of participants. In stratified analysis, mediation occurred in the following groups: non-single, those with more schooling, non-alcohol abusers, non-smokers, and those who did not engage in physical activity. Being obese and having a self-perception of being fat produced a potentiating effect, significantly increasing the likelihood of depression.
Radiographic Outcomes of Immobilization using Boston Brace for Pediatric Spondylolysis

Background and Aims: Spondylolysis is a common cause of lower back pain during youth. The aim of this study is to report the bony union rate and risk factors for non-union of the lumbar spondylolysis of pediatric patients treated with a rigid thoracolumbosacral orthosis (Boston brace). Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of 68 children (mean age = 13.9 years) treated for spondylolysis with a thoracolumbosacral orthosis. Patient charts and imaging studies were evaluated to identify the bony union rate of the spondylolysis after a minimum of 3 months of immobilization (mean = 4.2 months). Laterality, grade, level, and presence of high signal intensity in the magnetic resonance imaging were evaluated as prognostic factors. Results: Sixty-eight patients presented with 110 defects. Of them, 46 (42%) were incomplete fractures, 38 (35%) complete fractures, and 26 (24%) pseudoarthrosis. Of these defects, 38 (82.6%), 11 (28.9%), and 0 (0.0%) had bony union at the end of the treatment (p < 0.001). Unilateral defects healed significantly better than bilateral ones (relative risk = 1.71, 95% confidence interval = 1.16–2.54, 17/26 (65%) vs 32/84 (38%), p = 0.014). High signal intensity in the magnetic resonance images before the treatment predicted healing (relative risk = 13.24, 95% confidence interval = 1.93–91.01, 48/87 (55%) vs 1/24 (4.3%), p < 0.001). The level of the spondylolysis (L5 vs above L5) did not affect the healing rate. Conclusion: The union rates of spondylolysis with a thoracolumbosacral orthosis were similar as compared to earlier studies done with a low thoracolumbosacral orthosis. The grade of the defect, laterality, and presence of high signal intensity increased the probability of bony union. A high thoracolumbosacral orthosis (underarm) does not seem to improve the healing rate of pediatric spondylolysis defects.
Core Muscle Activation in Three Lower Extremity Exercises With Different Stability Requirements

Abstract Saeterbakken, AH, Stien, N, Pedersen, H, and Andersen, V. Core muscle activation in three lower extremity exercises with different stability requirements. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 304–309, 2022—The aim of the study was to compare core muscle surface electromyography (sEMG) during 3-repetition maximum (3RM) and the sEMG amplitude in the turnover from the descending to ascending phase in leg press, free-weight squats, and squats using the Smith machine. Nineteen women with 4.5 (±2.0) years of resistance training were recruited. After one familiarization session, the subjects performed 3RM in randomized order measuring electromyographic activity in the rectus abdominis, external oblique, and erector spinae. The exercises with the lowest stability requirements (leg press) demonstrated 17–59% and 17–42% lower core muscle sEMG amplitude than free weights and the Smith machine, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed between the Smith machine and free weights. No statistically significant differences in turnover sEMG amplitude in the rectus abdominis between the exercises was observed, but lower sEMG amplitude was observed in external oblique and erector spinae in leg press compared with the other exercises. The 3RM loads in leg press were 54 and 47% greater than squats using the Smith machine and free weights, with 5% greater loads with the Smith machine than with free weights. In conclusion, lower mean and turnover core muscle sEMG amplitude were observed with the leg press but greater 3RM loads compared with squats with the Smith machine and free weights. The authors recommend that resistance-trained individuals use squats to include the core muscles in the kinetic chain, but there is no evidence that greater stability requirements (free weights instead of the Smith machine) will result in greater core muscle sEMG amplitude.
Metastatic Cutaneous Basal Cell Carcinoma: Report of 2 Cases Preceding the Hedgehog Pathway Antagonists Era

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin is the most common type of malignant human tumor. However, metastatic BCC is a very rare event with weakly effective therapeutic options and a poor prognosis, until a few years ago. In 2012, small-molecule therapies, capable of inactivating the hedgehog signaling pathway and thus reducing tumor growth and progression, were introduced into clinical practice for the treatment of patients with advanced BCC. We present retrospectively 2 personal cases of metastatic BCC of the skin, from the premolecular therapy era, from primary tumors that arose years before in the head and neck area. The former case occurred in a 45-year-old woman with a history of recurrent BCC of the retroauricular skin who eventually died due to diffuse metastatic spread. The latter case concerned a 70-year-old man also with a history of recurrent BCC of the nasal-perinasal skin who developed multiple subcutaneous and lymph node metastases in the neck. In both cases, the diagnoses were based on biopsies of the metastatic sites. The first patient died 5 months after the diagnosis of metastatic disease, while the second was alive and disease-free 2 years after neck lymph node dissection and external radiation therapy, and then lost to follow-up. We extensively discuss several tumor entities with basal or basaloid features that may enter the differential diagnosis with BCC in metastatic sites. In addition, we briefly summarize the advances in clinical therapeutics using small molecules, which are now an integral part of the treatment of such advanced BCC cases.
Naturalistic operant responses in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii) and its response to outcome manipulation and serotonergic intervention

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Investigating the motivational triggers underlying naturalistic compulsive-like behavior is generally regarded as challenging. To this extent, the current study aimed to establish a proof-of-concept for future investigation by probing unconditioned and naturalistic operant responses aimed at obtaining nesting material by normal (NNB) and large (LNB) nest building deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii). LNB mice and NNB controls were individually placed in cages equipped with a lever-operated nesting material (cotton rope) dispenser and allowed to become accustomed to the response (lever press)-outcome (obtaining cotton rope) contingency over seven nights. Subsequently, the contingency was manipulated by withdrawing the nesting material (experiment 1) or punishing the lever-press response with a mild electrical foot shock (experiment 2). Mice were then treated for 28 days with escitalopram (50 mg/kg/d) and retested. Our results indicate that (1) LNB mice generally made more operant responses compared to NNB controls, (2) withdrawal of nesting material and institution of punishment bolstered responding in LNB but not NNB mice and (3) escitalopram treatment tended to reduce increased responding in LNB mice following experimental manipulation, while normalizing the total number of lever-press counts in the LNB cohort. Therefore, LNB seems to diverge from NNB, not only as a spontaneous phenotype, but also in terms of the motivation to obtain nesting material, despite demotivating feedback. That such differences were abrogated by chronic escitalopram intervention, indicates that the uniquely motivated operant interactions displayed by LNB mice, may be founded upon serotonergic mechanisms, a finding in line with the neurobiological theory of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Using weight-forage for predicting wasted children

Background: The equipments for taking body weights (scales) are more frequent in Cameroon health centres than measuring boards for heights. Even when the later exist there are some difficulties inherent in their qualities; thus the height measurement is not always available or accurate. Objective: To construct statistical models for predicting wasting from weight-for-age. Methods: 3742 children aged 0 to 59 months were enrolled in a cross-sectional household survey (2004 Cameroon Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS)) covering the entire Cameroon national territory. Results: There were highly significant association between underweight and wasting. For all discriminant statistical methods used, the test error rates (using an independent testing sample) are less than 5%; the Area Under the Curve (AUC) using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) is 0.86. Conclusions: Weight-for-age can be used for accurately classifying a child whose wasting status is unknown. The result is useful in Cameroon as too often the height measurements may not be feasible, thus the need for estimating wasted children.
Conception Residences near Interstate Highways and the Neural Tube Defects Births

Objectives: In response to an anencephaly cluster on the Texas-Mexico border, we conducted an incident matched case-control study of Neural Tube Defects (NTD). Data are presented regarding the conception residences near interstate highways and biomarkers of chemical exposures to metals, organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides. Methods: Maternal biological samples (blood, sera, urine, and hair) were obtained at the time of NTD diagnosis for cases and a comparable time for controls with unaffected pregnancies. Conception addresses of NTD cases and matched controls were geocoded during residential visits for environmental sampling. An objective GIS subroutine was used to ascertain the distance at conception from major highways. Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate odds ratios for distance and biological markers of chemical exposure to six dialkyl phosphate metabolites, eleven organochlorine metabolites, and three metals. Results: Infants with NTD were conceived significantly more often within 1⁄4 mile from the highways (OR=3.0, 95% CI 1.05, 8.83; p=0.041). A proximity to birthing clinic pattern was unlikely. Significant odds ratios for urinary dialkyl phosphate metabolites of organophosphorus pesticides were associated with NTD (4th quartile ORs for creatinine-adjusted Diethyl phosphate (DEP), Diethyl thiophosphate (DETP), and Diethyl dithiophosphate (DEDTP) were 3.5, 2.8, and 2.9, respectively). Serum organochlorine pesticides were also significantly associated with NTD (4th quartile ORs for lindane, dieldrin, and trans-nonachlor were 11.1, 3.8, and 9.4, respectively). There was no parallel gradient indicated for metals with the distance from the major highways. Conclusion: We invite attention to potential risks for NTD involving large-scale applications of pesticides for cropland, mosquito, and brush control on the shoulders of highways.
The skeletal defects and inheritance in dwarf mutants of Xiphophorus helleri

Dwarf mutant of Xiphophorus helleri is used as the female parent to cross normal body type male,showing that dwarf individual can be identified in the offspring and such character is inheritable.The body type pattern of offspring exhibits a successive distribution,similar to male or female parent,in addition to intermediate type.It is less likely to discriminate the individual phenotype by using a clear definition.Dwarf mutants of Xiphophorus helleri manifest as short bloated body,clumsy swimming,and significantly altered trunk length-height ratio.This mutation retards fish growth and compromises the reproductivity.The self-cross and back-cross of F1 progenies also result in a successive distribution in body type among various crosses.The dwarf characteristic in X.helleri is not inherited in a simple alternative manner,which affects a group of characters rather than a single character.The consistency with primary feature of quantitative character suggests that such mutation may be controlled by multiple quantitative character genes.The skeletal morphological analysis indicates that the spinal length of X.helleri mutant is significantly shortened,whereas the number of vertebrae is comparable to that of normal individual,ranging from 26 to 29.The dramatically shortened vertebral body in the mutant impairs the longitudinal development of spine.The neural spine and hemal spine are in a tight arrangement,whose development is also significantly retarded.Therefore,the dwarf mutation in X.helleri is caused by the developmental defect in vertebral column,and the vertebral malformation underlies the body type alteration anatomically.As fish is representative of lower-ranking vertebrate,the dwarf swordtail mutant is reproducible,and the character is inheritable and closely associated with spinal development.Such mutant is a potential fish model for the systemical research.
Taxonomic Review of Pea Crabs in the Genus Pinnixa (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) Occurring on the California Shelf, with Descriptions of Two New Species

ABSTRACT Many species in the genus Pinnixa are not well differentiated, both in life and in the literature. Evolution within the genus has resulted in pairs and groups of very similar species which are frequently difficult to distinguish with existing keys and descriptions. In this paper, the 11 species of Pinnixa previously known from the California shelf are redescribed, with new illustrations. Two species, Pinnixa forficulimanus, new species, and P. minuscula, new species, from soft-bottom shelf habitats, are also described and illustrated, bringing the total number of species present in California coastal waters to 13. Host and distributional data are summarized for each species, and a key for differentiating the species is provided.