Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Current challenges for pre-earthquake electromagnetic emissions: shedding light from micro-scale plastic flow, granular packings, phase transitions and self-affinity notion of fracture process

Abstract. Are there credible electromagnetic (EM) potential earthquake (EQ) precursors? This a question debated in the scientific community and there may be legitimate reasons for the critical views. The negative view concerning the existence of EM potential precursors is enhanced by features that accompany their observation which are considered as paradox ones, namely, these signals: (i) are not observed at the time of EQs occurrence and during the aftershock period, (ii) are not accompanied by large precursory strain changes, (iii) are not accompanied by simultaneous geodetic or seismological precursors and (iv) their traceability is considered problematic. In this work, the detected candidate EM potential precursors are studied through a shift in thinking towards the basic science findings relative to granular packings, micron-scale plastic flow, interface depinning, fracture size effects, concepts drawn from phase transitions, self-affine notion of fracture and faulting process, universal features of fracture surfaces, recent high quality laboratory studies, theoretical models and numerical simulations. We try to contribute to the establishment of strict criteria for the definition of an emerged EM anomaly as a possibly EQ-related one, and to the explanation of potential precursory EM features which have been considered as paradoxes. A three-stage model for EQ generation by means of pre-EQ fracture-induced EM emissions is proposed. The claim that the observed EM potential precursors may permit a real-time and step-by-step monitoring of the EQ generation is tested.
Fast off grid compressed sensing ISAR imaging algorithm

Abstract To solve the off grid problem in compressed sensing (CS) based inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging, a fast and accurate algorithm has been proposed in the paper. By jointly estimating the off grid error and the sparse solution, off grid ISAR imaging is transformed into a joint optimization problem. Interestingly, it can be solved efficiently through two least squares problems based on first order Taylor approximation. When applied to complex sinusoids and quasi real ISAR data, the proposed algorithm has got better results than the conventional algorithm. Therefore, it is a promising off grid CS based ISAR imaging algorithm.
Mechanisms Juan Carlos Kaski of Coronary Artery Spasm

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Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of OCD

Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen and a biological system′s ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or easily repair the resulting damage. A particularly destructive aspect of oxidative stress is the production of reactive oxygen species, which include free radicals and peroxides. Oxidative stress is one of the mechanisms involved in neuronal damage induced by free radicals which causes membrane lipid degradation which occurs due to interaction of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). These free radicals cause catalytic destruction of membranes and likely damage vital functions of cell. Oxygen radicals are continuously produced intracellularly by oxidation- reduction reactions. MDA (malondialdehyde) is a product of lipid peroxidation. Oxidative damage of neuronal membrane causes increased MDA levels and impaired activity of SERT.
Rare and Disabling Movement Disorders: An Indian Experience

Recent decades have seen exciting developments in the field of movement disorders. These include identification of rare clinical syndromes and use of technological advances to understand their pathogenesis. Three such disorders are discussed here. The description of the Uner Tan syndrome from Turkey and surrounding regions provoked research into the controversial field of genetically induced devolution. Such cases with few addi‐ tional findings have now been described from India. Sepiapterin reductase deficiency is a rare treatable autosomal recessive form of dopa responsive dystonia. Indian litera‐ ture has recently added five confirmed cases to the international database. Such cases are eminently treatable. Successful application of modern technology in understanding the pathogenesis of progressive neurodegenerative disorder has been highlighted in the section on hereditary spastic paraplegias. Hitherto undescribed subcellular organelle transport defects and their potential rectification with known drugs have been demon‐ strated raising hopes for their cure. show improvement in motor activity and sleep disturbances within few hours of administering medication. Children who have been chair‐bound or bed‐bound may start moving and enjoy the unexpected relief with tremendous excitement. The rapid recovery is usually associated with appearance of choreiform dyskinesias requiring dose titration. Few cases show par‐ tial improvement. Favourable response to treatment is noted even in those cases who have received the treatment late in the course of their illness due to delayed diagnosis. Long‐term follow‐up has shown that few cases may require mild escalation in the dose of the drugs to maintain the favourable benefit. It also shows that response to therapy is not as complete as
Freeze/Thaw Performance of Polymer Modified Cementitious Mortars Exposed to NaCl Solution

The paper presents part of a larger research project on the effect of alternating long term freezing and thawing cycles on the micro and macro scale properties of cementitious mortars containing superabsorbent polymers (SAP). This study analyses a relationship between the alterations of cement paste morphology caused by the omnidirectional exposure to freeze/thaw cycles in presence of NaCl ions. The effect of a number of alternating freezing and thawing cycles on the performance of mature mortars is assessed. Research work focuses on characterization of mortars modified by two different polymers – copolymer of acrylamide and acrylic acid and a polymer based on acrylic acid. Experimental results confirmed a noticeable impact on the mechanical properties and f/t performance of mortar mixes. It was noted that the effect of SAP changes over time.
Dissociable corticostriatal circuits underlie goal-directed versus cue-elicited habitual food seeking after satiation : Evidence from a multimodal study "

Rates of obesity in the human population have reached epidemic proportions (WHO, 2015). It has been suggested that the abundance of available food is one factor underlying increasing rates of weight gain (Hill & Peters, 1998). The preponderance of food "cues", stimuli that elicit food seeking and consumption behaviour, in our obesogenic environment, however, might also be a vital contributor (Hill & Peters, 1998). For this reason, understanding the neural mechanisms driving human food-seeking behaviour is of vital importance.
UCP2 866 G/A gene (rs659366) polymorphism associated with diabetes type 2 in Turkish population

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major health problem in worldwide and uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) that have a role in the regulation of insulin secretion and emergence of diabetes mellitus. In this study we have investigate whether an association between UCP2 866 G/A polymorphism and T2DM. In this study we have collected peripheral blood samples from 50 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 50 healhty control individuals. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples and UCP2 866 G/A polymorphism was investigated by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment lenght polymorphism assay (PCR-RFLP). In our results we have not observed any statistically significant association between UCP2 866 G/A polymorphism and risk of T2DM.
The experience curve effect on renewable energy penetration

The experience curve effect has always challenged technology-related decisions. In the electricity sector, new renewable electricity generation technologies have shown a considerably high learning rate up to now, which could differentiate the profitability of energy generation technologies in the near future. The scope of this work is to investigate the effect that the Experience Curve of the renewable energy technologies may have on the orders for new electricity generation technologies and therefore, on the future electricity generation mix of Greece. The official renewable energy generation targets are considered as a constraint of the system, and the learning rates of the various technologies are included in the calculations. Three scenarios of learning rates have been applied, to examine the experience curve effect on renewable energy penetration. The national electricity generation system is modelled for long-term analysis and a linear programming method is applied, in order to come up with the optimal generating mix that minimizes electricity generation cost, while satisfying the national emissions reduction targets. In addition, two scenarios for future emission allowance prices are considered, in order to examine the effect of changes in this very volatile parameter. Furthermore, an investigation is made to identify if a point should be expected when renewable energy will be more profitable than conventional fuel electricity generation.
cylinder Dionine : ethylmorphine Eserin : physostigmine Sublimate : mercury ( II ) chloride Yellow ointment : presumably Pagenstecher ’ s ointment

One hundred years ago, Professor Ernst Fuchs published his original description of the corneal dystrophy that presently bears his name. Equipped with the ophthalmologist’s tools of his time, including a magnifying glass, a Schiotz tonometer, and a direct ophthalmoscope, Professor Fuchs described a series of 13 patients between the ages of 48 and 75 years with slowly progressive corneal clouding. Greater involvement of the inferior cornea, reduced corneal sensation, and diurnal variation in symptoms and signs were included as predominant features. The title of this paper, “Dystrophia Epithelialis Corneae,” (see translation; available at http://aaojournal.org) as well as his concluding comments clearly indicate that Professor Fuchs ascribed the primary defect in these cases to the corneal epithelium. He writes, “. the first and primary place of the alterations is the epithelium. For this reason, I name the disease ‘Dystrophia epithelialis,’ a name which can be replaced later by a better one when the true nature of the disease will be discerned . The cause of this disease is unknown, as well as an effective therapy. ” Much has changed in our understanding and treatment of Fuchs’ dystrophy since these prescient observations from exactly a century ago. In 1916, with the recent advent of the slit-lamp biomicroscope, Koeppe observed the classic finding of guttae in the corneal endothelium of patients with the corneal edema described by Fuchs. In 1920, Kraupa described the progression of endothelial changes to corneal edema, which was later confirmed by Graves and Friedenwald. Subsequent authors described the specular microscopic, histopathologic, and ultrastructural features of the corneal endothelium and Descemet’s membrane in this disorder. These findings include cells with reduced density and abnormal size and shape, formation of a markedly thickened Descemet’s membrane containing guttate excrescences, and spindle-shaped bundles of wide-spaced collagen. In 1915, Clegg published his observation of the hereditary nature of this dystrophy, a finding confirmed over the ensuing decades. In 1978 Krachmer et al published perhaps the definitive work on this matter in which they reported a positive family history in 50% of patients. Our understanding of the genetics of Fuchs’ dystrophy moved forward with the discoveries that mutations in the alpha 2 collagen VIII gene and the SLC4A11 gene cause Fuchs’ dystrophy in a limited number of patients. A number of additional chromosomal loci have been identified containing as yet unidentified causative genes. Thus, current data suggest that this disease is genetically heterogeneous. To date, basic studies of cellular pathophysiology in Fuchs’ dystrophy have been hampered by the fact that early stages of the disease are asymptomatic, and such tissues are not available for study. Instead, reports on this matter have relied on end-stage keratoplasty tissues with substantially
Modular parametrizations of certain elliptic curves

AbstractKaneko and Sakai [11] recently observed that certain elliptic curves whose associatednewforms (by the modularity theorem) are given by the eta-quotients can be character-ized by a particular diﬀerential equation involving modular forms and Ramanujan-Serrediﬀerential operator.In this paper, we study certain properties of modular parametrization associated tothe elliptic curves over Q, and as a consequence we generalize and explain some of theirﬁndings. 1. IntroductionBy the modularity theorem [4, 8], an elliptic curve Eover Qadmits a modular parametrizationΦ E : X 0 (N) → Efor some integer N. If Nis the smallest such integer, then it is equal to theconductor of Eand the pullback of the N´eron diﬀerential of Eunder Φ E is a rational multipleof 2πif E (τ), where f E (τ) ∈ S 2 (Γ 0 (N)) is a newform with rational Fourier coeﬃcients. The factthat the L-function of f E (τ) coincides with the Hasse-Weil zeta function of E(which followsfrom Eichler-Shimura theory) is central to the proof of Fermat’s last theorem, and is related tothe Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture. In addition to this, modular parametrization is usedfor constructing rational points on elliptic curves, and appears in the Gross-Zagier formula [9]. In this paper, we study some general properties of Φ
Localised Stocks of Cod ( Gadus morhua L . ) in the Northwest Atlantic : The Genetic Evidence And Otherwise

If the critical assumption of panmixia in exploited cod (Gadus morhua) stocks is invalid at any management level, then management is functionally inconsistent with the principles of resource conservation and the maintenance of biodiversity. With this claim in mind we review some of our studies on the genetic structure of cod populations in the Northwest Atlantic and highlight aspects that may be of value to questions concerning localised cod populations in the Gulf of Maine. We employ microsatellite DNA polymorphism to resolve genetic differences among cod populations (under the null hypothesis of no significant differences between or among populations) as microsatellites are considered the ideal genetic tool for studying closely related groups of animals (high level of co-dominant allelic variation, rapid divergence times, and relative ease of examination). We employ other biological and oceanographic “knowns” in our assessment of the genetic results. Three case studies illustrate genetic heterogeneity among cod populations: 1) at the small-scale of oceanographic features; 2) at the meso-scale of coastal embayments; and 3) at the large-scale of offshore banks. Our review leads us to one specific hypothesis regarding the existence of at least one localised population in the Gulf of Maine having a specific behavioural cycle, and one general hypothesis that structure in localised coastal cod populations in the NW Atlantic is likely to be revealed at scales of 60 to 100 nautical miles. Introduction Determining the extent of gene flow among stock components in a marine fishery, and whether gene flow is sufficiently high to warrant managing a stock complex as a panmictic unit, or low enough to warrant management of the components within a complex, is difficult
Nutrition and Pregnancy-Current Knowledge and Further Perspectives

Nutritional factors play an important role across the life course but also across generations. It is now well-demonstrated that nutrition and other lifestyle behaviours during pregnancy have an impact on pregnancy outcomes for both mother and neonate health, including risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypertension, preterm delivery, low birth weight, perinatal survival and risk of developing noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in later life [1,2]. Moreover, recent researches demonstrate that nutrition can also influence germ cells through hormone changes and epigenetic mechanisms both in women and males, and thus further modify embryo and fetus development [3]. According to international guidelines [4-6], the outcomes of interest during pregnancy are both maternal and fetal/neonatal and most of them are under the influence of nutritional factors. The main maternal outcomes that should be monitored are infections, anaemia, preeclampsia/eclampsia, GDM, mode of delivery, excessive weight gain, other outcomes (intimate partner violence, side-effects, symptomatic relief, maternal mortality, as well as maternal satisfaction and/or women’s rating of usefulness of treatment). Fetal/neonatal outcomes include neonatal infections, small or large for gestational age, low birth weight, preterm birth, congenital anomalies, fetal/neonatal mortality. We shall try below to summarize the main nutritional interventions recommended by international guidelines in line with current evidence and raise some unanswered questions that should be the subject of further research.
Non-voting shares in France: An empirical analysis of the voting premium

It is the o~jective of this paper to determine the voting premium for /<"'rench shares by comparing the values of voting and non-voting shares, and to analyze the value of the voting rights. The study IIses data for 25 French companies which had both types of shares outstanding and traded on the stock exchange during the entire periodfrom 1986 to 1996, or for some time during this interval. The average value of the voting premium is 51,35%. The paper analyzes the reasonsfor this surprisingly high value by testing d(fferent hypotheses based 0/1 dividend differences, the revival) of the voting right, capitalization, shareholder structure, alld the share of nUll-voting capital in total equity capital. The regressions show that the shareholder structure strongly influences the value ojthe voting premium. A case study of the attempted takeover of Casino by Promodes shows that investors attach a much higher value to the voting right during relevant situations than at other tomes. Both companies invulved had, at the time, two types uf shares outstanding and listed. Furthermore the paper ShOH! S thaI non-voting shares have never played an important role ;'1 equity jinance in France since the companies have different alternatives. 111 an international cumparison, France is found to have the second highest voting premium, exceeded only by that of Italy. A probable reason is the low quality of the national accounting standard\' and the low level of minority shareholder protection. Resume: Le but de ce cahier de recherche est I 'evaluation du droit de vote en France par une comparaison des actiuns avec et sans droit de vote. L 'analyse est basee sur 25 societes ayan! introduit ces deux types d'actiolls en bourse pendant line partie ou fa totalite des anllees 1986-1996, NOlls determinons pOllr cet/e ec:halltillol1 I'existellce d'une prime moyeflJ1e de 51,35% sur les actions sails droit de vote. A travers Ie test de differentes hypotheses (difference de dividende, reprise du droit de vote, capitalisation, actiol1narial et pourcentage du capital sans droil de vote), 1101IS essayons ensuite d'expliquer l'importallce de c:ette prime. Les regressiuns indiquellt qlle la structure de I 'actionnariat influence jortement la prime. Le cas pratique de I 'OPA Promodes slfr Casino -ces deux societes ayant introduit deux classes d 'actions en boursemOl1tre que les il1vestisseurs donnenl une valeur plus importante au droit de vote pendant des situatiolls critiques. L 'histoire du jinancement des entreprises montre que Ius actions sans droit de vote n 'ont jamais joue un role important parce qu 'if existe d'aulres alternatives moins cheres. Au niveau international, la France presente la 2eme prime fa plus elevee apres tItalie. L'explicatioll du niveau de ces differents primes est a chercher dans Ies f10rmes comptables et dans la protection des actionnaires minoritaires. JEL classification: G 12, G 32, G 34