Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Utilização de ß-ácidos do lúpulo (Humulus lupulus) em dietas de leitões recém-desmamados

Use of β-acids of hops (Humulus lupulus) in weanling pig diets The purposes of this study were: (1) to evaluate the effects of dietary graded levels of hop (Humulus lupulus) β-acids or antimicrobial growth promoter (colistin) on growth performance, nutrients and energy digestibility, diarrhea occurrence, unthrifty pigs, respiratory burst, organ weights, small intestine histology, and intestine microbial diversity of weanling pigs, as well as in vitro bacteria sensitivity to hop β-acids; and (2) to evaluate the effects of dietary hop β-acids on physical attributes, lipid oxidation, and composition of Longissimus muscle. Two hundred weanling pigs (6.23±0.32 kg BW) were used in a randomized complete block design experiment with 5 treatments, 8 replications, and 5 pigs per experimental unit (pen). Pigs were fed diets supplemented with 0 (negative control), 120, 240, or 360 mg/kg hop β-acids, or with 40 mg/kg colistin (antimicrobial treatment) during a 35d. On days 7 and 35 of the experiment, one castrated male from each pen was slaughtered to evaluate organ weights (stomach, pancreas, liver, small intestine, spleen), small intestine histology (villus height and crypt depth), and intestine microbial diversity (PCR-DGGE), as well to sample Longissimus muscle for meat analysis. ANOVA and orthogonal contrasts were performed to determine the effects of dietary hop β-acids levels (0, 120, 240, and 360 mg/kg) on all variables, as well as to compare the antimicrobial treatment with all other treatments. Increasing dietary levels of hop β-acids linearly improved (P<0.05) BW, ADG, G:F, and apparent digestibility of ether extract of weanling pig diets. The antimicrobial treatment improved (P<0.03) BW, ADG, and G:F compared to negative control, but did not affect (P>0.05) nutrients and energy digestibility. No effects (P>0.05) of treatments were observed on ADFI. Overall, the diarrhea occurrence was lower (P<0.01) for antimicrobial treatment, negative control, and 360 mg/kg hop β-acids than for 120 and 240 mg/kg hop β-acids, while no unthrifty pigs were identified throughout all experimental period. No effects (P>0.05) of dietary treatments were observed on blood respiratory burst, organ weights, small intestine histology, and intestine microbial diversity. Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive, while Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurim, and Enterococcus faecalis were resistant to hop β-acids. No effects (P>0.05) of hop β-acids were observed on meat physical attributes. Quadratic effects (P<0.05) of hop β-acids were observed on fat, protein, and TBARS-values of meat, showing that dietary levels of 176, 150 and 181 mg/kg hop βacids provided, respectively, 16.20% fat reduction, 1.95% protein accretion, and 23.31% TBARS reduction. Therefore, dietary hop (Humulus lupulus) β-acids up to 360 mg/kg showed to be efficient as an alternative to antimicrobial growth promoters for weanling pigs, as well to reduce fat, increase protein, and prevent lipid oxidation of meat.
GOODS AND SERVICES TAX: WILL THE PROPOSED INDIRECT TAX REFORM CHANGE BUSINESS AND TAX DYNAMICS IN INDIA?

India is presently at the doorstep of a revolutionary change in its indirect tax system with the introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (‘GST’). This paper argues that due to the cascading effects of the present CENVAT and State VAT systems and the complexities of the current service tax regime, it is imperative for India to make the GST regime operative. This paper examines the GST in detail, analysing the proposed rates, taxes to be subsumed, proposed administrative setup and the amendments that are needed to make this scheme operative. The paper also analyses the impact of GST through a comparative study with other jurisdictions where such a tax has been made operative. The opinions of various states and various sectors in India regarding the proposed GST scheme have been discussed in tandem with possible methods of reconciliation.
Antibacterial evaluation of three widespread weeds Mazus japonicus, Fumaria indica and Vicia faba from Pakistan

Present study was carried out to explore the antibacterial potential of three weeds Mazus japonicus, Fumaria indica and Vicia sativa grown widely in Pakistan. Different extracts (aqueous, methanolic and petroleum ether) of the respective weeds were prepared and tested against nine bacterial strains using agar well diffusion assay. Bacterial strains included both gram positive ( Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus megaterium, Enterococcus faecium, Enterrococcus faecalis and Enteroccocus sp ) and gram negative ( Pseudomonas putida, Escherichia coli and Escherichia coli top10 ) bacteria. Ten different concentrations of each extracts were used. Enterococcus faecalis JH22 and Bacillus megaterium MB141 were the most resistant bacteria while Escherichia coli top10 was found highly susceptible and inhibited by all three extracts of Mazus japonicas and Fumaria indica . Vicia sativa was effective only against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas putida at limited crude extract concentration while all other strains showed resistance against different extracts of the respective plant. Amongst the plant extracts screened for antibacterial activity, methanolic extracts showed best antibacterial activity whereas aqueous and petroleum ether were found least active. This study significantly supports the usage of these widespread weeds as traditional medicines for various bacterial infections.
Experiencia con los stents metálicos autoexpandibles para el manejo de cáncer gástrico distal

Objetivos: Establecer la eficacia y seguridad de los stents metalicos antroduodenales para el tratamiento del sindrome pilorico en pacientes con cancer gastrico distal. Materiales y metodos: Se obtuvo datos de 31 pacientes mayores de 18 anos que tenian diagnostico de cancer gastrico distal entre el ano 2009 y el ano 2017, quienes presentaban sindrome pilorico asociado a estenosis antroduodenal documentada por endoscopia o radiografia de vias digestivas altas, siendo manejados con stent metalico autoexpandible antroduodenal en la unidad de gastroenterologia del Hospital Universitario San Ignacio (HUSI) de Bogota D.C, Colombia. Resultados: El principal sintoma documentado que motivo a consultar fue la presencia de vomito en el 45,1%, seguido por perdida de peso 16,13% y hemorragia de vias digestivas altas 19,35%, realizandose el diagnostico en el 74,19% de los casos con endoscopia de vias digestivas altas. El 96,7% de los pacientes presentaban metastasis al momento del diagnostico de sindrome pilorico. El 100% de los pacientes tuvo exito tecnico en relacion al implante del stent con posterior resolucion de sintomas en el 96,77%, siendo la complicacion mas frecuente el desplazamiento en un 16,13%. Conclusiones: Los stents metalicos autoexpandibles para el manejo de la obstruccion al tracto de salida gastrico secundario a cancer gastrico distal es un metodo seguro y eficaz como tratamiento paliativo, mejorando la morbilidad y mortalidad en comparacion con el manejo quirurgico.
Nitric oxide and hydroxyl radical‐induced retinal lipid peroxidation in vitro

Background: Free radicals can cause cellular oxidation and consequent membrane lipid peroxidation (LPO). The significance of these effects on retinal tissue is unclear. This study compared the retinal LPO products, after the incubation with nitric oxide or hydroxyl radical, with those of two commonly studied tissues–kidney and liver.
Evolution towards the elimination of congenital syphilis in Latin America and the Caribbean: a multicountry analysis

ABSTRACT Objective. Effective and low-cost interventions for preventing the vertical transmission of syphilis can substantially reduce mortality and morbidity related to maternal and congenital syphilis. This study aims to identify successes and problems in eliminating congenital syphilis in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Methods. Conducted in 2015, this multicountry study included qualitative data from focal point staff members of the Pan American Health Organization, as well as country information and answers to semiqualitative questions on the elimination of congenital syphilis. Additional information was obtained from five Caribbean countries and Panama. Results. Few of the studied LAC countries use a rapid syphilis test, but most of them do have benzathine penicillin available in primary care facilities. The majority of the countries have national strategies and protocols for eliminating congenital syphilis. There were substantial differences among the national information systems, including with data collection, analysis, and quality control. The major challenges related to eliminating congenital syphilis are the need to improve: prenatal care; test coverage; health worker training about syphilis diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up; and access to institutional deliveries. Other problems include a lack of rapid tests; shortages of benzathine penicillin; and substandard laboratory quality. Poor follow-up of maternal syphilis cases and their sexual contacts was also reported. Conclusions. Most of the LAC countries studied have national strategic plans and protocols and have advanced in the elimination of congenital syphilis. These countries must keep improving their capacity to collect high-quality data about coverage and inequities and use this data as a basis for decision-making. To accelerate the elimination of congenital syphilis, the good practices and actions that have been undertaken must be reinforced.
Oligomerization of the LysR-type transcriptional regulators in Escherichia coli

Oligomerization of the LysR-Type Transcriptional Regulators in Escherichia coli. (May 2008) Gwendowlyn Sue Knapp, B.S., Purdue University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. James C. Hu Protein-protein interactions regulate and drive biological processes and understanding the assembly of these interactions is important. The LysR-Type Transcriptional Regulators (LTTRs) are a large family of transcriptional regulators found in prokaryotes. I have used the LTTRs as a model for protein specificity. In order to understand a residue’s contribution to oligomerization, alanine-scanning mutagenesis was used to probe the contribution of residues identified from in silico analysis of two proteins: OxyR and CynR. The contribution of the residues to oligomerization was characterized using λcI repressor fusions. In OxyR, seven residues were identified as hot spots. Moreover, these hot spots are not especially conserved. The interaction surface of OxyR was mapped onto a multiple sequence alignment of the LTTR family. This mapping identified putative contacts in the CynR regulatory domain dimer interface. Combined with the in vivo testing, three residues were identified as hot spots. The residues identified in OxyR and CynR do not overlap. To investigate the assembly of the LTTRs I used a negative-dominance assay with λcI repressor fusions. Taken together, I show that the LTTRs in E. coli K-12 are mostly specific in their interactions.
Maternal Hypothyroidism and Sensorineural Disability

Maternal thyroid hormones (THs; 3,5,3’-triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxin (T4)) exert vital roles throughout the development and show a permissive role in the neurological functions, in particular the sensorineural actions. The actions of THs can be mediated through the genomic and non-genomic pathways. On the other hand, there are associations between the maternal hypothyroidism and neonatal sensorineural deficits. A gestational hypothyroidism displays sensory and motor deficits, grave cognitive, permanent long-lasting variations in child brain structure, and neurodevelopmental disorders. During prenatal and early postnatal periods, any disruption in the levels of T4 or T3 can lead to irreversible disorders in sensorimotor and intelligence function, psychotic behavior, mental retardation, depression, coma and several morphological variations in the brain.
Influence of cell envelope components on the attachment of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to lettuce and spinach under different ionic environments

Produce-related outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 are the second most common foodborne outbreaks since it was first recognized an enteric pathogen in 1982. The mechanism of attachment of E. coli O157: H7 on leafy greens is complex and dependent on a variety of factors including properties of the cell surface, substratum and bulk fluid. The objective of this study was to determinate the role of cell envelope components on attachment of E. coli O157:H7 to lettuce and spinach leaf surface and cut edge under different environments. Cell surface charge, hydrophobicity, and capsule characteristics were investigated. In addition, cellulose-deficient derivatives of Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) have been used. The lower surface hydrophobicity, less negative charge, as well as capsule containing more D-Mannose and ! -Fucose of cells grown in tryptic soy broth combined to increase attachment to spinach leaves. Cellulose-producing STEC cells attached significantly 0.5 log greater on lettuce leaf surface than cellulose-deficient cells. However, cellulose-deficient cells attached significantly 0.7 log greater to cut edge of lettuce than parental cells. In high water
The evaluation of high tannin cotton lines for their use in breeding for resistance to Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Malvacearum, Pythium aphanidermatum and Rhizoctonia solani

The Evaluation of High Tannin Cotton Lines and Their Use in Breeding for Resistance to Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacearum, Pythium aphanidermatum and Rhizoctonia solani. (December 2010) Raymond Matthew Kennett, B.S., Cornell University; M.S., Texas A & M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. C. Wayne Smith Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacearum(Smith), Pythium aphanidermatum(Edson) and Rhizoctonia solani(Kuhn) have all been shown to cause significant yield losses in cotton. Previous work has demonstrated that a set of high tannin cotton germplasm lines developed and released in 1989 by Texas A&M AgriLife Research may possess resistance to these three diseases. In this research, the usefulness of these high tannin lines in breeding for resistance to these pathogens as well as the role of tannin in conferring this resistance were examined. The high tannin lines were screened for their resistance to Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacearum and five highly resistant lines were subjected to generation means and diallel analysis in order to determine the relative importance of different types of gene action in conferring resistance as well as which lines would be most useful in breeding for resistance. The effect of selection for R. solani resistance was measured and selected lines were subjected to diallel analysis. Lines showing elevated resistant to P. aphanidermatum were subjected to a single cycle of selection and the effect of selection was measured. Lines possessing high degrees of P. aphanidermatum resistance were subjected to generation means and diallel analysis. The
Innate Immunity

Many different cell types of the innate immune system have affinity for pathogens and tumor cells, and it is their quick response that constitutes the first line of defense against bacteria, viruses, parasites, and malignant transformation. Innate immunity against infections and tumors can be executed by dendritic cells, NK cells, and macrophages, and the biological result of the recognition of pathogens by these cell types is expression of costimulatory molecules, cytokines, and chemokines, In addition, macrophages and dendritic cells can internalize cells and cellular debris.
The effects of genetic selection for survivability and productivity on chicken physiological homeostasis

Genetic selection is an important breeding tool that can be used for improving animal's coping capability to modern production environments or for increasing economic benefits. However, over the past five decades, commercial breeding programmes have primarily concentrated on traits directly related to productivity. As a result those breeding programmes ignore traits that may impact animal welfare. To address this issue, a selection programme termed “group selection” developed. This method takes into account competitive interactions by emphasizing performance of the group, rather than the individual. Results from the current studies have showed that chickens' productivity and well-being can be improved the same time. We further demonstrated an association between the selected survivability and productivity and its respective physiological characteristics. These findings indicate that group selection altered the chickens' physiological homeostasis which is reflected in the line's unique coping ability with intensified domestic environments. These changes in physiological homeostasis provide an opportunity gain new insights for the development of interventions aimed at ameliorating the adverse impacts of the intensified poultry industry.
PLZF et les protéines du groupe Polycomb : interaction et implication dans la différenciation hématopoïétique normale et pathologique

Les proteines du groupe Polycomb (PcG) sont des facteurs epigenetiques dont le role est de maintenir la repression de leurs genes cibles au niveau de la chromatine via la modification des proteines histones. EZH2 est une proteine cle dans les mecanismes de regulation puisqu’elle catalyse la mise en place de la marque repressive H3K27me3. Dans le cadre de ma these, je me suis interessee au modele des leucemies aigues myeloides (LAM) dans lesquelles, contrairement a d’autres pathologies myeloides, des mutations affectant EZH2 ou des membres Polycomb ne sont retrouvees que tres rarement (˂1%). Des etudes ont montre que dans ce type de leucemies, de nombreux genes cibles d’EZH2 sont deregules bien que son activite repressive soit toujours presente, mettant en evidence d’eventuels defauts de recrutement de cette proteine. Parmi les facteurs de transcription susceptibles de reguler l’association des proteines PcG a la chromatine, se trouve PLZF qui est un candidat interessant. En effet, le laboratoire a mis en evidence une interaction entre PLZF et la proteine Polycomb BMI-1 et a montre que la distribution genomique de PLZF concorde avec celle de certains composants des Polycomb. L’objectif de mon travail de these a donc ete de determiner dans quelle mesure PLZF intervient dans le recrutement ou l’activite d’EZH2.
Common and differential roles of inducible NO synthase and poly (ADP-ribose)polymerase in allergen-induced inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness: a potential connection to NO levels (HYP5P.320)

The potential role of iNOS as a viable therapeutic target for the treatment of asthma was severely hampered by the negative clinical trial results showing that a selective iNOS inhibitor did not affect airway hyperreactivity (AHR) or airway inflammation after allergen challenge in human subjects with asthma. Our laboratory has shown that iNOS inhibition is protective against airway inflammation upon acute, but not chronic, exposures to ovalbumin. More importantly, iNOS inhibition protected against lung fibrosis suggesting that iNOS inhibition may be protective against some aspects of asthma. Here, we show that iNOS inhibition, pharmacologically by L-Nil or by gene knockout, provided an excellent protection against AHR upon an acute, but not chronic, exposure to ovalbumin. Our laboratory also established a reciprocal relationship between iNOS and PARP-1. However, PARP inhibition, protected against inflammation and AHR upon acute and chronic exposure to ovalbumin. It is interesting that PARP-1 inhibition does not completely abrogate expression of iNOS leaving the possibility that the protective effect of PARP inhibition against inflammation and AHR may be associated with reduction but not the complete inhibition of iNOS and associated production of moderate levels of NO. Studies are being conducted to verify this hypothesis and clarify the intricate roles of iNOS in asthma pathogenesis allowing the possibility of being a viable target for the treatment of the disease.
Isolation and Differentiation of Stem and Progenitor Cells

I nterest in stem cell biology has increased dramatically with the realization that selfrenewing populations of expanded stem cells, and/or their differentiated progeny, may be a valuable source of cells useful in tissue repair, regeneration, or engineering. The realization of the promise of stem cell therapies, potentially applicable to a wide variety of degenerative diseases (e.g. diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, cardiovascular disease, and liver degeneration), is inhibited by a variety of obstacles, including but not limited to political, social, ethical, and legal challenges. Despite these challenges, research is ongoing and dynamic.
Antioxidant from agri-industrial wastes of the guava fruits (Psidium guajava L.).

Como o objetivo de avaliar o potencial antioxidante de residuo agroindustrial de goiaba (semente), extratos hidroacetonico, hidrometanolico hidroetanolico e aquoso, obtidos por extracao sequencial, foram submetidos a quantificacao do teor de fenolicos totais e a determinacao da atividade antioxidante, utilizando dois ensaios: co-oxidacao β-caroteno/acido linoleico e inibicao da peroxidacao do acido linoleico. Os extratos hidroacetonico e hidrometanolico exibiram o maior teor de fenolicos totais (5.317,27 e 2.176,46µg mL-1, respectivamente), enquanto que o aquoso e hidroetanolico os mais baixos teores destes constituintes, sendo, portanto, estes ultimos excluidos dos experimentos. Em sistema da co-oxidacao β-caroteno/acido linoleico, o extrato hidroacetonico exibiu o mais elevado percentual de inibicao da oxidacao (81,95%). A cinetica da reacao revelou que estes extratos, com valores de F1 inferior a 1, sao eficientes no inicio do processo oxidativo, porem exibem atividade pro-oxidante na etapa de propagacao da reacao em cadeia. O extrato hidroacetonico associado ao BHT em quantidades inferiores a 40mg. L-1 exibe atividade antioxidante estatisticamente semelhante a do BHT na concentracao de 100mg.L-1. A acao do extrato hidroacetonico (74,32% e 80,13%) sobre a peroxidacao do acido linoleico foi superior a do extrato hidrometanolico (50,50% e 73,70%), nas duas concentracoes testadas (140 e 240mg.L-1). Em meio lipidico, o extrato hidroacetonico exibe acao antioxidante relevante, entretanto, apresenta eficiencia apenas na etapa inicial da oxidacao
SHORT-TERM FEED RESTRICTION IN CATTLE: MITIGATING NEGATIVE EFFECTS BY ALTERING THE FORAGE-TO-CONCENTRATE RATIO OF THE DIET

i PERMISSION TO USE . iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . iv LIST OF TABLES . ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . xi 1.0. GENERAL INTRODUCTION . 1 2.0. LITERATURE REVIEW . 4 2.1. Industry Relevance of Severe Short-Term Feed Restriction . 4 2.1. 1. The Weaning Period as Evidence for Short-term Feed Restriction in the Beef Industry . 4 2.1. 2. Transportation, Marketing and Arrival . 6 2.1. 3. Heat Stress . 9 2.1. 4. Parturition and Metabolic Disorders . 11 2.1. 5. Digestive Disorders . 12 2.2. Feed Deprivation and Short-Term Feed Restriction Models . 13 2.2.1. Effects of Imposing Short-Term Feed Deprivation and Feed Restriction on the Post-Restriction Recovery for Feed Intake . 14 2.2.2. Effects of Short-Term Feed Deprivation and Short-Term Feed Restriction on Rumen Fermentation . 16 2.2. 3. Effects on Short-Term Feed Deprivation and Short-Term Feed Restriction on Rumen Absorptive and Barrier Function . 17 2.2. 4. Effect of Short-Term Feed Deprivation and Feed Restriction on Energy Balance, Blood Metabolites and Hormones . 19 2.2. 5. Risk for Ruminal Acidosis as Influenced by Short-Term Feed Deprivation and Short-Term Feed Restriction . 19