Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Super-enhancers Across Mammals Reveals Their High Function Conservation

BackgroundSuper-enhancers (SEs) are key positive regulatory elements in defining cells/tissues identity in mammals, yet their similarities and differences of sequence and function across mammals have been poor studied. To allow sequence and function comparison across mammalian SEs, we employ H3K27ac ChIP-seq data to six cell types/tissues across human, pig, and mouse, which represent different lineages of mammals in the evolutionary tree.ResultsOverall, a median of 848 human SEs, 888 pig SEs and 503 mouse SEs are identified across cells/tissues. These SEs are largely distributed in promoter regions for human (91.9% in median) and mouse (63.4% in median), while mostly in distal intergenic regions for pig (66.1% in median). Extremely higher unique orthologous SEs frequency (91.6%~92.1%) has been detected for the same cell/tissue across species. Consistently, their overlapping rates are very low for the same cell/tissue across species (0.1%~0.5%). For the SE-associated orthologous genes, they also show high unique frequency for species (63.3%~83.9%) and low overlapping rates (0.8%~1.3%) at inter-species comparison. However, orthologous SEs function comparisons across species have shown similar biological processes related to cells/tissues identity in the top 15 significant enriched terms for the same cell/tissue. Meanwhile, common core transcription factors that determine cells/tissues identity are determined for the same cell/tissue across mammals.ConclusionsThis study highlights the differences of SEs genomic distribution across mammals. It reveals low orthologous sequence overlapping but high function conservation of SEs across mammals. It would improve our understanding of regulation function cis-regulatory elements in mammals.
Stateless Re-Association in WPA3 Using Paired Token

In Wi-Fi Protected Access 3 (WPA3), a secure connection is established in two sequential stages. Firstly, in the authentication and association stage, a pairwise master key (PMK) is generated. Secondly, in the post-association stage, a pairwise transient key (PTK) is generated from PMK using the traditional 4-way handshake protocol. To reduce the heavy load of the first stage, PMK caching can be used. If the client and AP are previously authenticated and have a PMK cache, the first heavy stage can be skipped and the cached PMK can be used to directly execute the 4-way handshake. However, PMK caching is a very primitive technology to manage shared key between a client and AP and there are many limitations; AP has to manage a stateful cache for a large number of clients, cache lifetime is limited, etc. Paired token (PT)is a new secondary credential scheme that provides stateless pre-shared key (PSK) in a client-server environment. The server issues a paired token (public token and secret token) to an authenticated client where the public token has the role of signed identity and the secret token is a kind of shared secret. Once a client is equipped with PT, it can be used for many symmetric key-based cryptographic applications such as authentication, authorization, key establishment, etc. In this paper, we apply the PT approach to WPA3 and try to replace the PMK caching with the one-time authenticated key establishment using PT. At the end of a successful full handshake, AP securely issues PT to the client. Then, in subsequent re-association requests, the client and AP can compute the same one-time authenticated PMK using PT in a stateless way. Using this kind of stateless re-association technology, AP can provide a high performance Wi-Fi service to a larger number of clients.
Differential responses of soybean and dry bean to zinc deficiency

Abstract Whether a legume obtains its nitrogen (N) from the air, through dinitrogen fixation, or from the soil, as nitrate (NO3), may influence its susceptibility to zinc (Zn) deficiency. The influence of N source [potassium nitrate (KNO3)+ native soil N versus rhizobium‐inoculated seed + native soil N] and phosphorus (P) (0 and 200 mg P/kg), and Zn fertilizers (0, 1, and 8 mg Zn/kg) on growth and nutrient composition of soybean (Glycine max L. cv. McCall) and navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Seafarer) grown on a calcareous soil were studied under greenhouse conditions. Inoculated plants, but not their KNO3‐treated counterparts, had root nodules. However, due to N deficiency resulting from suboptimal N fixation, growth of these inoculated plants, especially of navy bean, was poorer than that of similarly treated KNO3‐fed plants. As a consequence of this restricted growth, responses to P and Zn fertilizers were generally greater in KNO3‐treated plants. Added P decreased the yield of KNO3‐treated navy b.
PERFORMANCE OPTIMISATION ON WAITING TIME USING QUEUEING THEORY IN AN ADVANCED MANUFACTURING ENVIRONMENT

Queueing is a common phenomenon in various stages of manufacturing systems and some other organisations. Queueing usually reduces the time required by managers and manufacturers to complete a desired task. The queueing mathematical theory is a viable tool for analysing a waiting line model. This research presents the implementation of robots at the packaging stage of a virtual manufacturing scenario in which mathematical models were used to describe each stage of the manufacturing process. Some suitable parameters and operating conditions were assumed, and the Newton-Raphson iteration formula was implemented for numerical analysis of the models. Simulation was carried out to achieve optimal values that could yield efficient productivity. The optimisation process gave an outcome that adequately showed how queueing can be managed in the packaging stage in an advanced manufacturing environment.
Reynolds number dependence of heavy particles clustering in homogeneous isotropic turbulence

In homogeneous isotropic turbulence, the degree of heavy particle clustering is reduced with increasing Taylor Reynolds number (${R}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$) for 52 \ensuremath{\le} ${R}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$ \ensuremath{\le} 139 when the Stokes number (St) is small. Contrarily, the clustering of high-St particles tends to stegthen with increasing ${R}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$. Quantities invoked for low-St particle clustering include both the strength of and characteristic time of particle trapping by ``shear structures'' quantified by the second invariant of the velocity gradient tensor. The enhancement of high-St particle clustering results from the increasing large-scale eddies at higher ${R}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$.
Attitudinal Components and Repurchase Intention With the Mediating Role of Personality Traits: Case of Bangladeshi Mobile Handset Users

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of cognitive and affective attitude on repurchase intention of mobile handsets of Bangladeshi consumers with the mediating role of innovatism, materialism, and self-uniqueness. The researchers collected survey data using simple random sampling method from selected areas of Barisal division. Total number of respondents of the study is 264. The results of this study showed that cognitive and affective components of attitude have a significant impact on repurchase intentions of mobile handsets in Bangladesh which is partially and fully mediated by innovatism and self-uniqueness. However, materialism has no mediation on the impact of cognitive and affective attitude on purchase intention. The study also shows that innovatism has negative influence on repurchase intention, but self-uniqueness and materialism has significant positive influence.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Burnout among Healthcare Professionals during COVID-19 Pandemic - Saudi Arabia

Objective: study the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence of burnout and the associated factors among health care workers in Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This study targeted all categories of health care workers (HCWs) in Saudi Arabia. The data were collected through an online questionnaire that included: sociodemographic data, medical history, smoking history, work characteristics, direct care of infected patients, questions of Maslach Burnout inventory (MBI) to assess burnout among health care workers that assess the Emotional Exhaustion (EE), Depersonalization (DP), and Personal Achievement (PA). The collected data was analyzed through SPSS program version 25. Results: The total number of the participants in this study was 3,557. The results showed that 38.5% of the participants scored high for EE, 31.2% for DP, and 33.6% for PA. On analysis, being younger than the age of 40 years, female, or Saudi nationality tended to be associated with increased all burnout parameters. Shift work, on call duties, changing working hours, direct involvement in management of COVID-19 patients were associated with high burnout scores. Conclusion: High burnout is common among healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia during COVID-19 pandemic due to direct contact with infected cases and changes in the working patterns during the pandemic, etc. These factors should be discussed to find solutions to relieve the health care workers from excess stress and burnout.
Multivaluedness in Networks: Exemplars

This brief presents the first observations of multivaluedness in four systems: a random process, a nonlinear nondynamical system, a nonlinear dynamical system with nonlinearly sensed input and output and an adaptive linear estimator. The preliminary findings reported here suggest the impact of multivaluedness in different types of networks to range from adverse to benign or even essential.
Syngeneic homograft of framework regions enhances the affinity of the mouse anti-human epidermal receptor 2 single-chain antibody e23sFv

e23sFv is a HER2-targeted single-chain variable fragment (scFV) that was characterized as the targeting portion of a HER2-targeted tumour proapoptotic molecule in our previous study. In vitro antibody affinity maturation is a method to enhance antibody affinity either by complementarity-determining region (CDR) mutagenesis or by framework region (FR) engraftment. In the present study, the affinity of e23sFv was enhanced using two strategies. In one approach, site-directed mutations were introduced into the FRs of e23sFv (designated EMEY), and in the other approach e23sFv FRs were substituted with FRs from the most homologous screened antibodies (designated EX1 and EX2). Notably, EX1 derived from the FR engraftment strategy demonstrated a 4-fold higher affinity for HER2 compared with e23sFv and was internalized into HER2-overexpressing cells; however, EMEY and EX2 exhibited reduced affinity for HER2 and decreased internalization potential compared with EX1. The 3D structure of EX1 and the HER2-EX1 complex was acquired using molecular homology modelling and docking and the HER2 epitopes of EX1 and the molecular interaction energy of the EX1-HER2 complex were predicted. In the present study, it was demonstrated that scFv affinity improvement based on sequence alignment was feasible and effective. Moreover, the FR grafting strategy was indicated to be more effective and simple compared with site-directed mutagenesis to improve e23sFv affinity. In conclusion, it was indicated that the affinity-improved candidate EX1 may present a great potential for the diagnosis and treatment of HER2-overexpressing tumours.
The prognostic and predictive value of the 8th American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system among early breast cancer patients aged <50 years.

Background This study respectively analyzed the prognostic value and the role in treatment decision-making [breast-conserving surgery (BCS) + radiotherapy (RT) or mastectomy (MAST)] of the 8th American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) pathological prognostic staging system compared with the 7th AJCC anatomical staging system among early breast cancer patients aged <50 years. Methods Patients with T1-2N0M0 breast cancer aged <50 years were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between 2010 and 2014. Breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) was used as the primary endpoint. Chi-squared test, receiver operating characteristics analysis, Kaplan-Meier method, and multivariate Cox proportional models were used to conduct statistical analysis. Results A total of 22,640 female patients were identified, and 24.4% of them reallocated to new stage groups from the 7th to the 8th AJCC staging. Among them, 46.2% (n=10,450) and 53.8% (n=12,190) of patients received BCS + RT and MAST, respectively. The 8th AJCC staging system was an independent prognostic factor for BCSS. Patients treated with BCS + RT had better BCSS compared to those treated with MAST (P<0.001). According to the 8th AJCC staging, BCS + RT could improve 5-year BCSS compared with MAST in patients with stage IA (P=0.006) and stage IB (P=0.001) diseases, while comparable BCSS was found between the two treatment arms in patients' stage IIA disease (P=0.366). Multivariate analyses replicated similar findings after stratification by the 8th AJCC stages. Conclusions In patients with T1-2N0 breast cancer and aged <50 years, the 8th AJCC pathological staging system provides accurate prognostic information than the 7th anatomical staging. BCS + RT is the optimal local management for stage IA and IB diseases, while it is the optional management in stage IIA disease according to the 8th AJCC staging.
HIGHER-ORDER SLIDING MODE DYNAMICS DESIGN FOR A CLASS OF SINGLE-INPUT LINEAR SYSTEMS

The paper considers a higher-order sliding mode dynamics design in a class of single-input linear systems having the invertible system matrix. The proposed sliding manifold selection method simultaneously provides a necessary relative degree of the sliding variable for a specific sliding mode order and the desired system dynamics after establishing that sliding mode. It is shown that the found unique solution satisfies these requirements. The theoretically obtained result is validated through a numerical example and illustrated by digital simulations.
Christian Religious Education and Integrity: A Case Study of Babock University, Nigeria

The goal of education, especially Christian religious education, is to restore human beings to the image of God in which they were created. This is achieved by inculcating moral values into students and using education to build their character that it might reflect the character of God. One of the major moral values that is highly needed in Nigeria society is integrity. Babcock University as a Christian institution practices religious education in which the Christian faith is integrated into every fabric of her educational practices. Since inception, Babcock has had integrity as part of her core values. This has been promoted, encouraged practised and coached by the university personnel. This study investigated the level of integrity and the process of its attainment. Since religious universities constituted about two-thirds of private universities (about 45% of the total private institutions in Nigeria), there is a high need of building integrity in these universities in order to promote integrity in the nation. The study adopted qualitative research method using interview as means of data collection. The study found that leadership and freedom are essential factors in ensuring integrity.
Structural equation modeling and artificial neural networks approach to predict continued use of mobile taxi booking apps: the mediating role of hedonic motivation

PurposeMobile taxi booking apps (MTB) have revolutionalized the transportation industry. As taxis can be hired via smartphones, irrespective of any time or place, the business platform for taxi service has completely changed. Now customers are saved from the hassle of going to the designated taxi stands or waiting along the roadside. But, the long-term sustainability of this service depends on its continued use. Therefore, this study aims to explore factors that hedonically incline people toward continuance of MTB. To achieve the purpose, the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) was extended with mediation effects of hedonic motivation.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected from existing users of MTB and analyzed through structural equation modeling and revalidated via artificial neural networks.FindingsThe statistical results show that the main factors of UTAUT substantially create hedonic motivation to use the apps and significantly mediate their effects on behavioral intention to continue using MTB. However, mediation between social influence and continuity intent was not statistically supported. The findings represent important contributions to the extended UTAUT.Practical implicationsThis study adds value to the theoretical horizon and also presents M-taxi companies with useful and pertinent plans for efficient designing and effective implementation of MTB. Moreover, limitations and suggestions for future researchers are also discussed.Originality/valueThis study extends UTAUT with the mediating role of hedonic motivation to predict continued use of MTB, which further initiates the applicability of UTAUT in a new setting and a new perspective (post adoption). This, in turn, significantly expands theory by using hedonic motivation as an important attribute that could mediate impact of all main antecedents to shape customers loyalty toward system use.
Status of the East Asia ALMA development program: Towards the implementation of the ALMA development roadmap

The ALMA telescope has been producing ground-breaking science since 2011, but it is mostly based on technology from the 2000s. In order to keep ALMA competitive in the coming decade, timely updates are necessary in order to further improve the science output of the telescope in the coming decades. In this contribution, we will present the status of the different projects and studies which constitute the contribution of East Asia to the ALMA Development Program, such as the production of band 1 receivers, the development of band 2 receivers optics, and of the ACA spectrometer. We will also update on the different hardware and software studies towards the implementation of the ALMA Development Roadmap and additional opportunities.
Analysis of communication reliability in NarrowBand-IoT oriented wireless sensor networks

The unstable link quality in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) directly affects the success rate of data transmission. The retransmission mechanism is one of the commonly used methods to solve this problem. However, too many retransmissions could lower the communication efﬁciency. Therefore, to reduce retransmissions while guaranteeing the communication reliability in WSNs, this study introduces the NarrowBand Internet of Things (NB-IoT) technology, and builds a network including both sensor and NB-IoT nodes. The NB-IoT node is designed to support both the radio frequency and the NarrowBand communication modes; thus it can communicate with both sensor nodes and NB-IoT base stations. Further, the communication reliability metrics considering both the link quality and the number of retransmissions in different communication modes are deﬁned, based on which, an adaptive communication reliability algorithm is proposed to switch the communication modes of nodes. The simulation results verify that the proposed algorithm can achieve higher success rate with less end-to-end delay and ﬂexibly control the cost on NB-IoT communication.
How to Conduct a Deductive Content Analysis in Counseling Research

Abstract Content analysis is a flexible methodology that allows researchers to examine trends in communication, such as journal articles, written narratives, personal journals, and videos, to name a few. In this article, we describe a deductive approach to content analysis methodology that follows an a priori design and allows for descriptive and inferential analysis of communication in counseling outcome research. We review four replicable steps designed to maximize validity and generalizability: unitizing data, sampling units, recording categories, and reducing units into interpretable categories. Within these four steps, we discuss identifying units for analysis, sampling strategies and sample sizes, constructing a coding team, developing codebooks and coding sheets, conducting pilot tests, tracking interrater reliability, reaching consensus, and writing up findings. We also present future applications for content analysis in counseling research, including diverse sources of data (e.g., case notes, counseling videos) and integration of inferential statistical testing into the method.
Operating Regions in Cooling Cocrystallization of Caffeine and Glutaric Acid in Acetonitrile

A complete temperature-dependent solute−solute−solvent phase diagram is an essential starting point for cooling cocrystallization process development. In this study, the phase diagram of caffeine−glutaric acid−acetonitrile in the temperature range of 10−35 °C was charted using attenuated total reflectance−Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to measure concentrations in situ. Solution-mediated phase transformation was exploited to locate the eutectic points. The operating region was then prescribed according to the stoichiometry of the cocrystal, and the boundary of stability zones at the initial and final temperatures of cooling crystallization. It was demonstrated that cocrystal purity could be compromised when crystallization occurs outside the safe operating region. The complete phase diagram has laid the foundation for further cocrystallization process development of the model system.
Metal distribution in sediments from the Adriatic Sea

Total metal concentrations (Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Mn) and their distribution in different chemical forms (speciation) were determined in sediments from the Adriatic Sea in order to evaluate contamination and mobility of metals. The study was carried out on marine sediments collected in two areas of the Adriatic Sea differently influenced by Po river waters. Metal distribution in the study area depends prevalently on water circulation and on organic matter distribution. Among metal levels, significant correlations between copper and zinc and between lead and nickel were found, suggesting common and specific sources. As regards metal speciation, the distribution of different chemical forms changes with the metal. The prevailing zinc phases, for example mobile forms, and sulphide together are greater than 50% of total metal. Nickel is mainly present in sediments as sulphide, and the preferential association of copper with organic matter is evident. Lead and manganese are preferentially found as mobile forms (more of 30% for lead, 40% or more for manganese).
Experimental investigation of tunnel oxide thickness on charge transport through Si nanocrystal dot floating gate memories

The effect of tunnel layer thicknesses on the charging/discharging mechanism and data retention of Si nanocrystal dot floating gate devices was studied. Floating gate memories of Si nanocrystals dots with three different SiO2 tunnel thicknesses were fabricated, the key variable being tunnel oxide thickness. Other parameters which can affect memory properties were carefully controlled. The mechanism of electron discharging is discussed based on differences in tunnel SiO2 thickness. Direct tunneling was found to predominate in the cases of 3- and 5-nm-thick SiO2 tunnel layers. However, Fowler-Nordheim tunneling affects the electron discharging characteristics with thicker SiO2 tunnel layers. Clear characteristics in discharging peak differences could be observed in capacitance-voltage measurements on metal-oxide semiconductors with Si floating nanodot devices. Memory properties also depended strongly on tunnel oxide thickness.