Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bangladeshi Pharmacy students' Knowledge, Perception and Attitudes towards Traditional Medicine Usage

The practice of traditional medicine in Bangladesh has flourished tremendously in the recent years along with that of modern medicine. Different forms of Traditional medicines (TM) are being used in this country as an essential means of treatment of diseases and management of various health problems from time immemorial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, perception and awareness on TM usage of pharmacy students of World University of Bangladesh (WUB). The study was done on 91 pharmacy students covering all year of study (year 1 - 4). The questionnaires (which were article related) were distributed accordingly among four different years of study. Finally 79 pharmacy students completed the survey form (questionnaires). Overall, the final year students responded well in all three sections of knowledge, perception and attitude and obtained the highest mean score in all the categories. Among the three sections, perception showed the highest overall mean (7.18) along with moderate mean for knowledge (5.47) and attitude (5.38). Into the bargain, 39.7% (agree) and 15.5% (strongly agree) of students are interested in taking TM course. Pharmacy students in WUB have a limited knowledge on TM but a positive approach on perception and attitude towards TM.
Applied LPV control with full block multipliers and regional pole placement

A formulation of an LPV control problem with regional pole placement constraints is presented, which is suitable for the application of a Full Block S-Procedure. It is demonstrated that improved bounds can be obtained on the induced L2 norm of closed loop systems, while satisfying pole placement constraints. An application consisting in the 6 degrees of freedom (DOF) control of a space vehicle is developed as an example, with hardware in the loop (HIL) simulation. This shows that the method is appealing from the practical point of view, considering that the synthesized control law can be implemented satisfactorily in standard flight control systems. Conclusions with remarks towards the practical use of the method are presented as well.
Near-infrared echelle spectroscopy of Class I protostars: molecular hydrogen emission-line (MHEL) regions revealed

ABSTRA C T Infrared echelle spectra are used to trace dynamic activity in the immediate vicinity of Class I outflow sources. The H 2 and Brg observations presented here trace different components of these emission-line regions; indeed, they are thought to trace the orthogonal processes of outflow and infall respectively. High-velocity H 2 emission is detected in the extended lobes of nine outflows. In addition, complex H 2 line emission is observed within a few hundred au of nine of the outflow sources. We refer to these H 2 emission regions as ‘molecular hydrogen emission-line’ regions, or MHELs, and compare their properties to those of forbidden emission-line regions (FELs) observed in classical T Tauri and some Herbig AeBe stars. Like the FELs, both low- and highvelocity components (LVCs and HVCs) are observed in H 2, with blueshifted velocities of the order of 5‐20 and 50‐150 km s 21 respectively. LVCs are more common than HVCs in MHEL regions, and like their FEL counterparts, the latter are spatially further offset from the exciting source in each case. The MHEL regions ‐ which are in all cases preferentially blueshifted ‐ are assumed to be associated with the base of each outflow. Brg profiles are detected towards four of the Class I sources observed (SVS 13, IRAS 0423912436, HH 34-IRS and GGD 27(1)) as well as towards the T Tauri star AS 353A. These lines are all broad and symmetric, the line peaks being blueshifted by ,30 km s 21 . T he profiles are typical of the permitted hydrogen line profiles observed in many T Tauri stars, and probably derive from magnetospheric accretion flows. We do not observe redshifted absorption features (inverse P-Cygni profiles) in any of the sources, however. Nor do we detect a dependence on linewidth with inclination angle of the system to the line of sight, as is predicted by such accretion models. No Brg is detected in the extended flow lobes. Instead, the emission is confined to the source and is spatially unresolved along each flow axis.
High-temperature thermal plasma treatment of monazite followed by aqueous digestion

an estimated in situ mineral wealth of US$2.5 trillion. This makes South Africa one of the wealthiest mining jurisdictions in the world. However, considerable amounts of South Africa’s minerals are exported as raw or partially processed ore. South Africa has embraced a mineral beneficiation strategy to develop the value chain for various minerals. One such mineral is monazite (South Africa, 2011) which, until now, underwent minimal industrial beneficiation in South Africa (Kemp and Cilliers, 2014). Monazite is a chemically inert, radioactive phosphate mineral and is considered to be one of the most important rare earth minerals in the world (Hassan et al., 1997; Amaral and Morais, 2010; Dill et al., 2012). Monazite is a component of ‘black sand’ found in various beach deposits worldwide (Dilorio et al., 2012) in combination with varying concentrations of ilmenite, magnetite, zircon, rutile and garnet (Ashry et al., 1995; Sroor, 2003). Monazite contains the light rare earth elements (LREE) Ce, La, Pr, Nd and Y, which are in high demand and the radioactive elements thorium and uranium (Kim et al., 2009). Conventional monazite processing is a complicated, laborious and expensive process (Hurst, 2010) that utilizes highly corrosive media like concentrated sulphuric acid or sodium hydroxide, at elevated temperatures for extended periods of time (Zhu et al., 2015). This process produces large volumes of radioactive and acidic effluents (Xie et al., 2014). For these reasons, China, which produces 97% of the world’s rare earth elements (Hurst, 2010), has prohibited the exploitation of monazite deposits (Zhu et al., 2015). This opens the market for new and innovative technologies for the processing of monazite Zircon (ZrSiO4) is a mineral with a chemically inert crystal structure, which requires harsh alkaline treatment to extract the zirconium metal (Biswas et al., 2010). To overcome the chemical inertness of zircon sand, the South African Nuclear Energy Corporation SOC Ltd (Necsa) has developed a process using a DC non-transferred plasma to convert zircon into plasma-dissociated zircon (PDZ – ZrO2.SiO2). PDZ is chemically more reactive than zircon and can be processed more efficiently (Havenga and Nel, 2012; Rendtorff et al., 2012). The high temperatures (10 000°C), good thermal conductivities and high heat contents of thermal plasmas make them ideal for the processing of materials like zircon (Toumanov, 2003; Rendtorff et al., 2012). It is hypothesized that a similar process could increase the chemical reactivity of monazite in order to improve downstream processing efficiency. This would increase the output of the REE, thorium and uranium while simultaneously permitting the use of less aggressive chemical processes (Toumanov, 2003). High-temperature thermal plasma treatment of monazite followed by aqueous digestion
Experience of developing Twitter-based communities of practice in higher education

This article presents the results of a case study of the use of a microblogging tool by a university academic to increase their knowledge and experience of social media for educational purposes. The academic had the role of digital steward in a university and attempted to use microblogging (Twitter) to increase professional contacts within the framework of a community of practice. Several types of data were collected and analysed. These included the structure of the network arising from the links formed with others by microblogging, the similarity of stated interests between the academic and others in the network, and the contents of postings such as their external references. It was found that a personal network had been established, with some of the characteristics of a community of practice. The activity demonstrated the utility of social media in supporting the professional development of academic staff using technology.
Biology and Geology Teachers' Domain-Specific Pedagogical Content Knowledge of Evolution.

Why and how evolution is taught has been the subject of an often heated debate in the United States throughout the last century. The debate has influenced the teaching of science curricula at all levels. The science/religion debate was rekindled in 1999 when the Kansas Board of Education passed new testing standards that minimize the importance of evolution. The Creation Science Association for Mid-America (CSAMA) developed for a member of the Kansas Board of Education a draft of the state science standards in which evolutionary science was not mentioned. In a similar fashion, Kentucky's Department of Education deleted the word “evolution” from its standards and replaced it with “change over time. ” These events at local and state levels and their effect on curriculum and instruction suggest a need to develop an increasingly robust understanding of how to teach evolution. This study was designed as one step in this process of increased understanding.
Regulation by RNA Binding Proteins 3 . 1 . BglG ( LicT ) / SacY Antiterminator Proteins

Streptococcus mutans is a key contributor to the formation of biofilms associated with dental caries disease. Living in the oral environment and developing of disease require tight gene regulation. In bacteria, gene expression is most commonly regulated at the level of transcription initiation. This control involved interactions of specific DNA sequences with regulatory proteins. A second mechanism of control of gene expression is mediated at the RNA level by several mechanisms and is generally called posttranscriptional regulation. These mechanisms include cisand trans-acting small, non-coding RNAs, RNA-binding proteins, riboswitches, thermosensors, RNases, and Type I toxin-antitoxin systems, and may result in changes in RNA stability, efficiency of ribosome binding, translation initiation, and transcript secondary structures. Here I review the posttranscriptional regulation in S. mutans.
SOCIAL PERCEPTION OF DANCE MOVEMENTS INVESTIGATING THE SIGNALLING VALUE OF MALE BODY MOVEMENTS USING MOTION-CAPTURE-TECHNOLOGY

movements. Koppensteiner (2011) found that people associate different motion patters of an animated ball with certain personality traits, similar to motion cues relating to high values of trembling and frequency that express high levels of neuroticism. This finding is similar to what was found in a study on speakers’ motion patterns during a speech; jerky movements that were high in velocity were rated high on neuroticism (Koppensteiner & Grammer, 2010). The present study suggests that dance movements of men scoring low on neuroticism are perceived as attractive. Which movement parameters drive perceptions of attractiveness and personality is not clear. The next logical step would therefore be to objectively describe dance movements by linking biomechanical characteristic with dancer’s personality and perceived attractiveness. Additionally, women’s desired personality in a potential partner and their ability to assess e.g. physical strength and measures of competitiveness (e.g., fighting ability) from motion cues would add valuable insights into the evaluation of dance as male quality trait. Neave at al. (2011) showed that dance quality is associated with variable and large movements of the head, neck and trunk, but also with right knee movements, the latter being most likely due to the dancers’ footedness. Hence, selecting certain movement characteristics that account for social perception and especially mating related decisions is not trivial. This also applies to the perception of females dance movements. There is evidence that women alter the way they move in relation to their
Converter Utilization Ratio Enhancement in the THD Optimization of Cascaded H-Bridge 7-level Inverters

In this paper, a new technique for harmonic optimization in cascaded H-bridge 7-level inverters is proposed. The suggested strategy is based on minimizing an objective function which simultaneously optimizes the converter utilization and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). The Switch Utilization Ratio (SUR) is formulized for both the phase and line-line voltages of a 7-level inverter and is considered in the final objective functions. Based upon the SUR formula, utilization ratio enhancement will reduce the value of feeding DC links, which improves the efficiency and lifetime of the circuit components due to lower voltage stresses and losses. In order to achieve more effective solution in different modulation indices, it is assumed that the DC sources can be altered. Experimental validation is presented based on a three-phase 7-level inverter prototype.
Relation the lifestyle and subjective well-being in nursing students

Habits of healthy living, including adequate food, avoiding tobacco and alcohol consumption, regular practice of physical activity along with general preventive behaviours, have demonstrated positive effects on the health of students in higher education. The objective of this study was to identify the contextual variables of lifestyles that interfere with the subjective well-being of nursing students; Descriptive, correlational and analytical methods were used to study a non-probabilistic sample of 404 nursing students. A questionnaire on socio-demographic and academic characteristics, dietary restriction range; the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ ‐ Short Version); the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS); Nicotine Dependence Scale (FTQ) were used. The sample was predominantly female (87.4%), aged 18-24 years. Prevalence of 4th year students (37.4%) mostly male had a higher index of weight fluctuation and food restriction; younger students revealed concerns with their diet; men (37.3%) practiced more intense physical activity, while women engaged in moderate physical activity (69.7%). The students had a higher dependence on nicotine where men showed more positive affect and women more negative affect; younger students, residing in rural areas, living with their families in the 3rd year were slightly physically active, overweight, not addicted to nicotine and have more positive affect. The results point towards promoting health training activities and education sessions, in order to inform and educate more students of all the factors that may be associated with a psychologically rich and healthy life. © 2016 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy. org.uk
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Acute Stress Disorder in DSM-V: changes and challenges

Background: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is very useful for professional purposes. However, it is still one of the most disputable nosological categories in ICD-10 and DSM-IV-TR. A new classification of mental disorders — DSM-5 — was published on May 2013 and introduces a number of changes that are designed to facilitate PTSD and Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) diagnoses. This work is intended for comparison of PTSD and ASD descriptions in the former version and in the superseding American classification of mental disorders, and aimed at the analysis of possible challenges in application of upgraded diagnostic criteria. Method: For demonstration purposes of the differences between prior and new descriptions of diagnostic categories a simple comparison of DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5 texts is used. The article provides a Russian translation of DSM-5 criteria of PTSD and ASD. In order to give a practical example of application of updated PTSD criteria a case analysis method is used. Results: Overall the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for PTSD almost replicate criteria described in the previous classification system. The major differences include the following: (1) Posttraumatic stress-related disorders are now included in a separate category and were eliminated from the section titled “anxiety disorders”; (2) Two additional subtypes of PTSD were named: PTSD in preschool children, and PTSD with dissociative symptoms. (3) Additional changes were made in the list of diagnostic criteria with the purpose of making the process of PTSD and ASD diagnosis easier, increasing validity of the diagnoses, enhancing symptom detection, and lowering diagnostic threshold. Clinical examples provided in the article still demonstrate unidimensional, western-oriented approach to the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress-related mental disorders. New DSM edition emphasizes behavioral manifestations of disorders, which can distance a psychiatrist from the inner experiences of the patient even more. Cases when a patient’s condition met all the criteria required for PTSD diagnosis are quite rare and are found either among those individuals who acquired western education, or in military personnel. Conclusion: PTSD still seems a convenient amalgam of mental disorders evoked by extreme trauma. An integrated, multidimensional approach to assessment and treatment of individuals in emergency hardship situations that exceeds the limits of clinical protocols is needed.
Avalanche Hot Source Method for Separated Extraction of Parasitic Source and Drain Resistances in Single Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors

Separate extraction of source (RS) and drain (RD) resistances caused by process, layout variations and long term degradation is very important in modeling and characterization of MOSFETs. In this work, we propose "Avalanche Hot-Source Method (AHSM)" for simple separated extraction of RS and RD in a single device. In AHSM, the high field region near the drain works as a new source for abundant carriers governing the current-voltage relationship in the MOSFET at high drain bias. We applied AHSM to n-channel MOSFETs as single-finger type with different channel width/length (W/L) combinations and verified its usefulness in the extraction of RS and RD. We also confirmed that there is a negligible drift in the threshold voltage (VT) and the subthreshold slope (SSW) even after application of the method to devices under practical conditions.
The Real Difference in Corporate Law Between the United States and Continental Europe: Distribution of Powers

This article challenges some common assumptions in comparative corporate law. It argues that differences in the degree of shareholder protection between common law and civil law countries are often overestimated, while some more fundamental corporate law differences remain overlooked. A milestone publication in this regard is the article by La Porta et al. entitled Law and Finance. The authors introduced an index to measure investor protection statistically and found that common law countries performed better on average than civil law countries. A broad array of legal sources, however, reveal many mechanisms that interfere with, or substitute for, the mechanisms for shareholder protection used to construct the index. A recoding of the index to include these sources yields no significant differences between common law and civil law jurisdictions. This finding casts doubt on the received premise of recent research that common law jurisdictions offer better shareholder protection than civil law jurisdictions. It highlights instead the existence of a fundamentally different distribution of legal powers between U.S. and Continental European corporations. This article shows that this difference shapes the functioning of the shareholder protection mechanisms that comprise the index of La Porta et al. Furthermore, the difference in power distribution undermines the relationship they allege between shareholder protection and ownership structures and better explains the differences in ownership structures, as well as many other aspects of corporate life.
Climate variability, rice production and groundwater depletion in India

This paper modeled the proximate determinants of rice outputs and groundwater depths in 27 Indian states during 1980–2010. Dynamic random effects models were estimated by maximum likelihood at state and well levels. The main findings from models for rice outputs were that temperatures and rainfall levels were significant predictors, and the relationships were quadratic with respect to rainfall. Moreover, nonlinearities with respect to population changes indicated greater rice production with population increases. Second, groundwater depths were positively associated with temperatures and negatively with rainfall levels and there were nonlinear effects of population changes. Third, dynamic models for in situ groundwater depths in 11 795 wells in mainly unconfined aquifers, accounting for latitudes, longitudes and altitudes, showed steady depletion. Overall, the results indicated that population pressures on food production and environment need to be tackled via long-term healthcare, agricultural, and groundwater recharge policies in India.
The Estimation of the New Keynesian Phillips Curve in Japan and Its Implication for the Inflation Response to a Monetary Policy Shock

The New Keynesian Phillips Curve (NKPC) is a key building block in many modern macroeconomic models. This study assesses the empirical fit of the NKPC in Japan by estimating a variety of its specifications. Some empirical results suggest that introducing nominal interest rates into the pure forward-looking NKPC, which implies the existence of a cost channel for monetary policy, helps improve their ability to explain Japanese inflation dynamics. In addition to the existence of the cost channel for monetary policy, these results show that the use of labor share (real unit labor costs) is an important factor in estimating the NKPC. As an implication of these findings, this study proposes that, in the context of the New Keynesian economics, both the existence of the cost channel for monetary policy and the sluggish adjustment of real unit labor costs can account for the fact that there is a long time lag between a monetary policy shock and its impact on inflation.
TOWARDS EASING THE INSTANTIATION OF APPLICATIONS USING GRENJ FRAMEWORK BY MEANS OF A DOMAIN SPECIFIC LANGUAGE ( artigo submetido em dezembro de 2010 )

White-box frameworks are a collection of extensible classes representing reusable designs that can be extended, to varying degrees, to instantiate custom-tailored software systems. Due to its inherent benefits (e.g., large-scale reuse of code, design, and domain knowledge), such domain-specific reuse approach has become a de facto standard to implement business systems. However, in order to fully realize the advantages of whitebox frameworks, developers need to have substantial architectural and technical knowledge. In effect, developers must be familiar with the framework's extension points (e.g., hot spots) and how to program those extensions using the programming language in which the framework was implemented. GRENJ is a white-box framework implemented in Java. Thus, instantiating applications through such framework is quite complex and demands detailed architectural knowledge and advanced Java programming skills. In order to lessen the amount of source code, effort, and expertise required to instantiate applications by using GRENJ framework, we have developed a domain specific language that manages all application instantiation issues systematically. This domain specific language facilitates the application instantiation process by acting as a facade over GRENJ framework as well as providing the user with a more concise, human-readable syntax than Java. In this paper, we contrast the major differences and benefits resulting from instantiating applications solely using GRENJ framework and indirectly reusing its source code by applying our domain specific language. Key-words: object-oriented framework; domain specific language; java; ruby