Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Promise and Paradox revised 7 / 11 / 15 1 Promise and Paradox : why improved knowledge of plate tectonics hasn ’ t yielded correspondingly better earthquake hazard maps

The discovery of plate tectonics in the 1960’s offered the promise of a physical foundation for earthquake hazard assessment. The relative motion of tectonic plates concentrates stress along plate boundaries, where most earthquakes occur. Steady plate motions load plate boundary faults at constant rates, leading to cycles of stress buildup and release. Hence it seemed reasonable to expect quasi-periodicity in the recurrence time of large earthquakes, so if some segments of the plate boundary faults have not produced a large earthquake in the recent past, they are “seismic gaps” where a quake is due or overdue. In subsequent years, knowledge of the geometry and rates of plate motions has improved dramatically, in part due to the advent of space-based geodesy and recognition that many plate boundaries are diffuse zones. Similarly, advances in seismological data and methods provide much more information about what happens in large earthquakes. Paradoxically, even given all this knowledge, reliably assessing earthquake hazards remains difficult. Although often earthquake hazard maps do a good job of describing what occurs, in other cases large earthquakes occur in unexpected places and/or produce greaterthan-expected shaking. The locations, times, and magnitude of large earthquakes turn out to be highly variable. Some of the variability can be addressed by using longer time series and knowledge of plate motions, but some reflects not-yet-understood and likely chaotic behavior. As a result, some key parameters required for earthquake hazard maps are poorly known, unknown, or unknowable. Although maps may be improved by better estimating some parameters, the fact that others cannot be much better estimated limits how good maps can be. Hence in addition to trying to better assess hazards with new data and models, we can do better by recognizing and communicating the uncertainties involved. Agreed methods can be developed to assess how well a map performed, whether one map performed better than another, and when and how to update maps. Mitigation policies can be developed by considering the costs and benefits of various strategies, to yield sensible policies given the unavoidable uncertainties in hazard estimates. Thus although from a scientific standpoint hazard maps can be viewed as halfempty glasses that we hope to fill somewhat further, from a societal view these maps can be viewed as glasses already half-full. Stein et al. Promise and Paradox revised 7/11/15 2 “With firm geological foundations and major earthquakes rare, Fukushima is a safe and secure place to do business. ” Fukushima Prefecture website [Cyranoski, 2011]
Challenges in the histopathological classification of ganglioglioma and DNT: microscopic agreement studies and a preliminary genotypephenotype analysis

Low-grade epilepsy-associated brain tumours (LEAT) are the second most common cause for drug-resistant, focal epilepsy, i.e. ganglioglioma (GG) and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumours (DNT). However, molecular pathogenesis, risk factors for malignant progression, and their frequent association with drug-resistant focal seizures remain poorly understood. This contrasts recent progress in understanding the molecular-genetic basis and targeted treatment options in diffuse gliomas. The Neuropathology Task Force of the International League against Epilepsy examined available literature to identify common obstacles in diagnosis and research of LEAT. Analysis of 10 published tumour series from epilepsy surgery pointed to poor interrater agreement for the histopathology diagnosis. The Task Force tested this hypothesis using a web-based microscopy agreement study. In a A cc ep te d A rt ic le This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. series of 30 LEAT, 25 raters from 18 countries agreed in only 40% of cases. Highest discordance in microscopic diagnosis occurred between GG and DNT variants, when oligodendroglial-like cell patterns prevail, or ganglion cells were difficult to discriminate from pre-existing neurons. Suggesting new terminology or major histopathological criteria did not satisfactorily increase the yield of histopathology agreement in 4 consecutive trials. To this end, the Task Force applied the WHO 2016 strategy of integrating phenotype analysis with molecular-genetic data obtained from panel sequencing and 450k methylation arrays. This strategy was helpful to distinguish DNT from GG variants in all cases. The Task Force recommends, therefore, to further develop diagnostic panels for the integration of phenotype-genotype analysis in order to reliably classify the spectrum of LEAT, carefully characterize clinically meaningful entities and make better use of published literature.
Inconsistencies between chemistry–climate models and observed lower stratospheric ozone trends since 1998

Abstract. The stratospheric ozone layer shields surface life from harmful ultraviolet radiation. Following the Montreal Protocol ban on long-lived ozone-depleting substances (ODSs), rapid depletion of total column ozone (TCO) ceased in the late 1990s, and ozone above 32 km is now clearly recovering. However, there is still no confirmation of TCO recovery, and evidence has emerged that ongoing quasi-global (60∘ S–60∘ N) lower stratospheric ozone decreases may be responsible, dominated by low latitudes (30∘ S–30∘ N). Chemistry–climate models (CCMs) used to project future changes predict that lower stratospheric ozone will decrease in the tropics by 2100 but not at mid-latitudes (30–60∘). Here, we show that CCMs display an ozone decline similar to that observed in the tropics over 1998–2016, likely driven by an increase in tropical upwelling. On the other hand, mid-latitude lower stratospheric ozone is observed to decrease, while CCMs that specify real-world historical meteorological fields instead show an increase up to present day. However, these cannot be used to simulate future changes; we demonstrate here that free-running CCMs used for projections also show increases. Despite opposing lower stratospheric ozone changes, which should induce opposite temperature trends, CCMs and observed temperature trends agree; we demonstrate that opposing model–observation stratospheric water vapour (SWV) trends, and their associated radiative effects, explain why temperature changes agree in spite of opposing ozone trends. We provide new evidence that the observed mid-latitude trends can be explained by enhanced mixing between the tropics and extratropics. We further show that the temperature trends are consistent with the observed mid-latitude ozone decrease. Together, our results suggest that large-scale circulation changes expected in the future from increased greenhouse gases (GHGs) may now already be underway but that most CCMs do not simulate mid-latitude ozone layer changes well. However, it is important to emphasise that the periods considered here are short, and internal variability that is both intrinsic to each CCM and different to observed historical variability is not well-characterised and can influence trend estimates. Nevertheless, the reason CCMs do not exhibit the observed changes needs to be identified to allow models to be improved in order to build confidence in future projections of the ozone layer.
Analyses of the Multifractal Measure for Absorbing Ions on a Charged Lipid Membrane

We investigate the first passage time and the multifractal for two kinds of absorbing ions, K and Na, on a charged lipid membrane. We introduce the first passage time arriving for the first time at the absorbing barrier after starting from an arbitrary barrier. The first passage time for the random walk is the statistical quantity that defines the average time arriving at the absorbing barrier for the first time. For two ions of Na and K, the first passage time distributions are approximately proportional to power laws with scaling exponent -1.5, and our result is shown to be in consistent with theoretical one. We also simulate and analyze the multifractal behavior from the charged ions arrived for the first time at an absorbing barrier. In future, we will extend the various investigation of multifractals to complicated stochastic models of other charged ions. Index Term— Multifractals, normalized first passage time, fractal dimension, multifractal strength
Short Communication Higher Vessel Densities in Retinoblastoma with Local Invasive Growth and Metastasis

In this study, the importance of angiogenesis (the growth of new blood vessels from existing ones) for the growth of retinoblastoma was investigated by a retrospective immunohistochemical analysis. An individual vessel index for each tumor was determined using the endothelial-specific antibody CD 31 for vessel staining. The obtained data were correlated with clinical features, pathohistological characteristics, and the presence of metastasis. In 107 retinoblastomas collected between 1980 and 1990, we found no difference in the vessel densities between uni- and bilateral retinoblastomas (P 0.41). However, tumors that had invaded the chorioid and/or the optic nerve statistically showed higher vessel densities than tumors without local invasive growth (P 0.05 and P 0.024). A tendency of higher vessel densities in retinoblastomas presenting with metastasis at the time of diagnosis was observed (P 0.11). Based on this observation, we proceeded to examine all retinoblastomas presenting with metastasis at the time of diagnosis. These included patients that were treated between 1968 and 1993. The 18 investigated retinoblastomas had significantly higher vessel densities than all other retinoblastomas presenting without metastasis (P 0.025). Our data indicate that in retinoblastoma, blood vessels are essential for local and systemic invasive growth. Therefore, an anti-angiogenic therapy could be considered in the multimodal therapy concept for retinoblastomas with invasive growth, both locally and systemically. (Am J Pathol 2004, 164:391–394)
Performance of Kerinci Ducks Treated by Cattle Rumen-Fluid Supernatant Addition as Source of Crude Enzyme in Rations

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of varying levels of cattle rumen fluid obtained from abattoirs as sources of a crude enzyme on growth performances and carcass characteristics of Kerinci ducks fed rations based on local feed ingredients. The research was carried out using 140 one-week-old male Kerinci ducks. The experiment used a randomized block design consisted of 5 treatments, each with 4 replicate groups and was blocked based on body weight, while each cage unit consisted of 7 ducks. The treatments applied were R1= 0 mL RFS/kg ration (control), R2= R1 + 22 mL RFS/kg ration, R3= R1 + 44 mL RFS/kg ration, R4= R1 + 66 mL RFS/kg ration, and R5= R1 + 88 mL RFS/kg ration. The experimental ducks were fed the experimental ration for 7 weeks and fed ad libitum according to the treatment. At the end of the 7th weeks of treatment, two ducks from each cage were slaughtered and utilized for analysis of carcass and digestive organs parameters. The results showed that the addition of RFS up to a level of 88 mL/kg ration had no significant effect (p>0.05) on feed consumption, feed conversion, carcass weight, and digestive-organ weight. Still, it had significant effects on body weight gain and final body weight. The highest body weight gain and final body weight were achieved with the addition of RFS at the level of 88 mL/kg ration. It can be concluded that the addition of cattle rumen-fluid supernatant as a source of crude enzymes at the level of 88 mL/kg ration improved the growth performance of local Kerinci ducks.
Identifying Common Periodicities in Mobile Service Demands with Spectral Analysis

In this paper, we investigate the existence and prevalence of comparable dynamics in the temporal fluctuations for the traffic demands generated by mobile applications. To this end, we hinge upon a spectral analysis framework, by computing Discrete Fourier Transforms of the typical demands for tens of popular mobile services observed in an operational metropolitan-scale network. We filter, cluster, and analyse hundreds of frequency components, and identify a substantial set of regular patterns that are common across most service demands. We also unveil how several mobile services defy classification, and have instead highly distinguishing temporal dynamics.
Effects of salicylic acid, putrescine and moring leaf extract application on storability, quality attributes and bioactive compounds of plum cv. 'Golden Japan'

Background: Plum fruits constitute a good source of natural antioxidant substances. Particularly, plums contain large amounts of phenolic compounds and flavonoids that have natural antioxidant activity which is useful to human health. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of foliar sprays with salicylic acid (SA), putrescine (PUT) and moringa leaf extract (MLE) on the fruit quality attributes and bioactive compounds of 'Golden Japan' plums under cold storage conditions. Plum trees were sprayed twice; at fruit set stage and one month later during seasons 2018 and 2019 by combinations from SA (3 and 4 mmol/L), PUT (3 and 4 mmol/L) and MLE (5 and 10%), as well as distilled water (control). Fruits were harvested at maturity stage and stored at 0°C with relative humidity 85-90% for eight weeks. Results: With advance storage period, fruit weight loss, total soluble solids (TSS), total carotenoids content (TCC) and total phenolics content (TPC) increased significantly while the fruit firmness, lightness (L*), hue angle (h°) of colour, titratable acidity (TA), total flavonoids content (TFC) and antioxidant activity (AA) decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Statistically significant differences were observed between different treatments in maintenance on all measured parameters when compared to control. At the same time, a combined SA at 3mmol/ L, PUT at 4 3mmol/ L and MLE at 10% treatment was found to be more effective than other treatments in decreasing the weight loss, softening and maintaining titratable acidity, total carotenoids, total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity in plum fruits during storage at 0 °C.Conclusion: It was concluded that preharvest treatment of plum fruits with salicylic acid, putrescine and moringa leaf extract was effective in delaying the ripening processes and can be used commercially to extend the storage life of postharvest plum fruits with acceptable fruit quality.
Acute effects of heat on health variables during continuous exercise and their comparison with normal and cold conditions: A systematic review

Introducción: El número de corredores ha incrementado en los últimos años. Aunque la actividad de correr implica varios beneficios para los practicantes, también puede provocar problemas de salud cuando se practica en condiciones de calor. Propósito: El objetivo de esta revisión fue evaluar cómo las altas temperaturas afectan la salud del corredor. Estrategia de búsqueda: La búsqueda de artículos para este estudio se llevó a cabo en Web of Science y Pubmed. Selección de estudios: Los criterios de inclusión fueron estudios que investigaron los efectos del ejercicio de resistencia, al menos a 27o, sobre variables de salud, determinando la intensidad y duración del ejercicio y se presentaron resultados previos y posteriores a la prueba o compararon con condiciones normales o frías. Resultados: 1336 artículos fueron identificados después del proceso de búsqueda. 333 corredores fueron evaluados en quince artículos que fueron incluidos en la síntesis cualitativa. Durante la actividad en condiciones de calor, se identificaron incrementos elevados en la frecuencia cardíaca, la temperatura corporal y de la piel, algunos marcadores de orina y sangre, el pH sanguíneo, la ventilación, el esfuerzo percibido y la sudoración. Se encontraron valores más bajos de masa corporal y eosinófilos que los observados antes de la actividad de carrera. Valores más bajos de consumo de oxígeno y lactato aparecen en condiciones de calor cuando se comparan con las condiciones normales. Conclusiones: Los estudios analizados concluyen que una actividad no controlada a largo plazo en condiciones de calor puede inducir problemas de salud relacionados con altas temperaturas corporales y de la piel. Además, el ejercicio en condiciones de calor produce mayores incrementos en las funciones inmunitarias, la frecuencia cardíaca, el estrés respiratorio, las respuestas metabólicas y el esfuerzo percibido, también en comparación con las condiciones normales y frías. Palabras clave: Calor. Resistencia. Salud. Hipertermia. Summary
American Indian Gang Involvement: Changes and Associated Risk Factors for Adolescents on Reservation Communities 1993-2013

American Indian reservations are among emerging communities for gang activity in the United States, in which reports of a rise in youth and/or criminal gangs began occurring after the 1980s. Gang membership and activity has been found to present significant costs to the individual, community, and overall macrosystem, posing a public health risk, straining community resources, and leading to a myriad of individual negative life outcomes. The perceived increase in gang activity has been observed by law-enforcement and community stakeholders, but comparatively little empirical research has focused specifically on American Indian groups or reservation communities. Utilizing data from “Drug Use Among Young American Indians: Epidemiology and Prediction”, ANOVA and regression analysis was utilized to examine cross-sectional trends in gang involvement among 14,457 American Indian adolescents living on or near reservation communities across nineteen time points between 19932013. Contrary to public opinion, result of this study failed to establish a consistent pattern of either growth or decline in gang membership across time when examining all reservations communities, and suggest that consistent trends may exist only within specific communities. Gang members were found to endorse significantly more alcohol use, marijuana use, anger, depressed mood, and victimization as a whole. However, only alcohol use, marijuana use, violent behavior, and depressed mood were demonstrated a significant interaction with time and gang membership. Across domains of individual, family, peer, school, and community risk factors, adolescents who endorsed gang membership also demonstrated more cumulative risk across than those who have never been in a gang. Finally, self-reported substance use, criminal behavior/delinquency, and perpetration of violence were found to significantly increase as level of gang affiliation increased.
Effect of Non-Axisymmetry in Arterial Stenoses

Atherosclerosis is the major cause of cardiovascular disease and hemodynamics is a crucial factor. Although statistics show that approximately 80% of occlusions are eccentric, models used in studies generally assume a symmetrically stenosed artery. While high shear stress is known to be atheroprotective, research has shown that low and oscillatory wall shear can lead to different types of plaque formation. We developed a model of an eccentric stenosed artery and compared the WSS distribution with an axisymmetric model. It was observed that the distribution of WSS was indeed different between the two models. This was at least in part due to the changes in the behaviour of the core jet flow and recirculation regions affected by the eccentricity of the stenosis.
Applications of Collaborative Multi-Agent Technology to Business: A Comprehensive Survey

The collaborative, intelligent, multi-agent technology has witnessed a considerable attention in recent years. This technology promises to offer a host of new opportunities to business communities in almost all the vertical industry and horizontal business segments. Applications built using these technologies enable dynamic data and information acquisition, aiding planning and decision making. In this paper, an attempt has been made to present a landscape of plausible applications, which could be very useful to the current CxOs of enterprises in planning future business strategies.
Notes on Mirror Symmetry

The purpose of these notes is for me to recollect what I have been trying to learn about the subject of mirror symmetry and to explain it to others. I describe, with as little technical language as I can, some aspects of mirror symmetry. In particular I discuss Calabi-Yau manifolds and their Hodge diamond, deformation theory of complex structures and the Bogomolov-TianTodorov theorem. I will outline the concept of Large Complex Structure Limit point in the case of 1-dimensional complex moduli, discuss periods, monodromy and the computation of the Yukawa coupling which provides a formula for the number of rational curves on the mirror manifold. As inevitable, I make extensive use of classical theorems of Kählerian geometry such as those found in the first two chapters of Griffiths and Harris [2]. These notes are largely based on Part II of the book [3], which I recommend to anyone wanting to learn about the subject for the first time. Another very good book is [1], which has a lot of interesting material, but starts at a higher level and the emphasis is more on algebraic geometry, especially toric. The survey articles of David Morrison, such as [6] are also quoted as a good reference.
SOLAR PHOTOCATALYTIC TREATMENT OF SIMAZINE FROM SYNTHETIC WASTEWATER

In this research, a solar pilot plant designed for solar photocatalytic applications have been used to investigate the feasibility of simazine degradation in an aqueous solution. Simazine degradation was investigated in both homogeneous and heterogeneous photocatalysis systems by photo-Fenton and titanium dioxide, respectively. Simazine remediation was studied at different reagent doses to identify the optimum condition, H2O2 (400-2400 mg/L), Fe 2+ (5-30 mg/L) and TiO2 (100-500 mg/L). The optimum remediation conditions for solar homogenous system was observed at H2O2 and Fe 2+ concentrations of 1200 and 20 mg/L, respectively. The best remediation conditions for solar heterogeneous system was identified at TiO2 and H2O2 concentrations of 300 and 2000 mg/L, respectively. The best COD removal efficiency at both homogenous and heterogeneous systems were 43.8% and 43%, respectively. Simazine removal were about 96.7% and 92% for homogenous and heterogeneous systems, respectively.
Misallocation Under Trade Liberalization, by Yan Bai, Keyu Jin, and Dan Lu

What is the impact of trade liberalization on economies with sizeable distortions? A Melitz model incorporating firm-level wedges shows that trade liberalization can exacerbate rather than improve resource allocation, causing a decline rather than a rise in TFP. We derive a theoretical decomposition of the various channels through which distortions impact the effects of trade, and show that trade can engender welfare losses. A quantitative assessment using Chinese manufacturing data shows that there is a TFP loss in association with trade liberalization, and a significantly smaller gains to trade than what is implied by standard formulations. Moreover, using only aggregate statistics to measure gains to trade apropos the ACR formula would lead to markedly different predictions.