Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Quadhelix and the Expansion Arch for the Correction of Crossbite

Objective To compare the use of the quadhelix and the expansion arch for the correction of crossbite. Design A prospective randomized clinical trial supported by preliminary laboratory measurements. The null hypothesis was that there was no difference in the clinical effectiveness of the two expansion devices in terms of crossbite correction. Setting Queen's Hospital, Burton on Trent and The University of Birmingham, School of Dentistry. Participants The first 60 patients on the orthodontic waiting list at Queen's Hospital who required expansion of the maxillary arch as part of the treatment plan were allocated to be treated with either a quadhelix or an expansion arch by random allocation. Twenty-eight and 27 members of each respective group completed the study. Materials Commercial quadhelix arches (3M Unitek) and custom-made expansion arches Methods The force produced by the type of expansion arches used in the study was measured in the laboratory to be 1.8 N at 10 mm of expansion. Quadhelix arches of sizes 2 and 3 were found to produce equivalent forces at 5 and 7 mm of expansion respectively. Either expansion device was fitted to the 60 participants according to random allocation and expanded by the standard amount. Intermolar and intercanine expansion was measured after 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Patient opinion was assessed by using a questionnaire. Results The quadhelix and the expansion arch were equally effective in producing expansion (p>0.05). After 12 weeks, the two types of archwire had produced mean intermolar expansions of 4.54 and 5.09 mm and intercanine expansions of 1.41 and 2.12 mm, respectively. Both types of arch were reported as uncomfortable by a majority of patients, the quadhelix affected mainly the tongue and the expansion arch the cheeks. The appearance of the quadhelix was disliked by 25% of participants, while 70% disliked the expansion arch. Conclusions The null hypothesis was confirmed. However, the expansion arch had several advantages that made it a cheap alternative to the quadhelix for crossbite expansion, because it can be made and fitted at the chairside.
A group‐choose algorithm supporting virtual organization creation for workflow deployment in cloud environment

Virtual organization (VO) is a main organizational paradigm for enterprises to collaborate in the rapidly changing environment. However, finding partners for VO creation has great challenges on Internet, because a VO initiator is blinded without enough partners' information. The problem of VO creation in cloud environment is discussed. A VO creating algorithm (called Group‐Choose) based on reputation system is presented to help initiator minimize the operating risk on Internet. In the algorithm, a VO initiator aggregates partners' trust evaluations of candidates to select new partners for VO, instead of evaluating candidate's trust only by itself. The third‐party assessment and Time Slide Window are used in peer‐to‐peer trust evaluation to make the model more adaptive in the dynamic environment. The proposed method focuses on the reputation data, without taking other factors into consideration. Compared with PathTrust and PeerTrust, the Group‐Choose algorithm for VO creation has better performance in resisting conspiracy attack and periodic attack. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ictal hypoventilation contributes to cardiac arrhythmia and SUDEP: Report on two deaths in video‐EEG–monitored patients

Sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a common cause of death in patients with epilepsy, with cardiorespiratory dysfunction and a primary cessation of cerebral function proposed as causes. We report two cases of SUDEP in patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy undergoing video‐EEG (electroencephalography) telemetry at two centers. Both had secondarily generalized convulsions. EEG, electrocardiography (ECG), and respiratory changes in these two patients are reported herein. Ictal/postictal hypoventilation may contribute to SUDEP with the resulting hypoxemia and acidosis leading to failure of recovery of cortical function and eventual cardiac failure.
Physicochemical Characteristics, Functional Properties, and Nutritional Benefits of Peanut Oil: A Review

The legume Arachis hypogaea, commonly known as peanut or groundnut, is a very important food crop throughout the tropics and subtropics. Peanut is one of the most widely used legumes due to its nutrition and taste, and it occupies a rank of major oilseed crop in the world. It has been recognized as a functional food due to its role in a health promoting effect. Peanut oil contains a well-balanced fatty acid and antioxidant profile that provide protection against harmful substances especially free radicals. This paper gives an overview of scientific literature available on phytochemical and functional properties of peanut oil. Owing to its unique organoleptic properties associated with its cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory properties, peanut oil has found, recently, its place on the highly competitive international edible oil market.
Health Effects of Sleep Deprivation

Electrical lighting and increasing capital intensiveness have helped undermine the importance that society previously placed on obtaining adequate sleep. Even modest amounts of daily sleep loss accumulate as “sleep debt. ” Sleep debt manifests in a myriad of ways, the most common being an increasing tendency to fall asleep, increased risk of accidental injury, impaired mood, and reduced psychomotor performance. Sleep debt can have far reaching consequences, both to an individual in terms of increased cardiovascular risk and to society at large, because of sleepiness-related fatigue and errors. Sleep specialists need to further their understanding of the physiologic and behavioral consequences of total, partial, and selective sleep stage deprivation, because they affect many organ systems. Studies of selective sleep stage deprivation also provide insights into the function of sleep. Evaluating the effects of sleep deprivation must take into account the following factors: (1) the duration of prior sleep, (2) circadian time frame, (3) arousal influences, and (4) subject and test characteristics. Sleep deprivation has been extensively studied in the acute experimental setting. Under extreme conditions, sleep deprivation is associated with mortality in laboratory animals. In the natural human environment, the behavioral consequence of chronic sleep debt in shift work intolerance is well described. The link between electrophysiological sleep disturbance and pathogenesis of disease is less well understood in both acute and chronic states. Additional investigation into the relationship between sleep deprivation and disease mechanisms, such as impaired glucose tolerance, hormonal dysregulation, and cytokine imbalance, will enhance our comprehension of this link.
Ten-Year Study of Acute Otitis Media in Rochester, NY

This review summarizes a prospective, longitudinal 10-year study in Rochester, NY, involving 760 children where virtually all clinically diagnosed acute otitis media (AOM) was confirmed by bacterial culture of middle ear fluid. This review describes detection of otopathogens in middle ear fluid, nasopharyngeal (NP) otopathogen colonization patterns, AOM risk factor analysis, biomarkers of AOM and antibody responses to NP colonization by otopathogens. After licensure of PCV13, there was an immediate drop in AOM caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) vaccine serotypes and shortly thereafer an increase in nonvaccine types 16, 21 and 35B. When NP co-colonization occurred, nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) predominated over Spn to cause AOM, and NTHi and Spn both predominated over Moraxella catarrhalis. Transcriptome analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells identified unique signatures for NTHi AOM compared with Spn AOM. Elevation of 3 cytokines in serum (S100A12, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and interleukin 10) accurately predicted the presence and recovery from AOM and the likely otopathogen. NP colonization was an immunizing event.
Outcomes Among Children Enrolled in HIV Care in Mozambique 2009–2013

Background: Scale-up of HIV care and antiretroviral therapy (ART) services for children has expanded access, but significant gaps and challenges remain. We examined lost to follow-up (LTF) and mortality in a large cohort of children enrolled in HIV care in Mozambique. Methods: Routinely collected medical data on children 0–14 years enrolled in care 2009–2013 at ICAP-supported health facilities in 5 provinces of Mozambique were used. Children not receiving ART (pre-ART) were considered LTF if they did not a have a visit within 12 months of the end of data collection; for those receiving ART, LTF was no visit within 6 months. Competing risk and Kaplan-Meier estimators were used, respectively, to estimate pre-ART and on ART LTF and mortality. Results: A total of 13,695 children enrolled in HIV care at 64 health facilities (48.6%, <2 years), and 7733 (56.5%) initiated ART during follow-up. Cumulative incidence of pre-ART LTF was 32.9% [95% confidence interval (CI): 32.1–33.7] and 34.4% (95% CI: 33.6–35.2) by 12 and 24 months, respectively, and was highest in children <5 years (12-month LTF in children 2–4 years, 34.2%, 95% CI: 32.6–35.9). Pre-ART mortality at 12 months was 3.3% (95% CI: 3.0–3.6) and was highest in children <2 years (4.1%, 95% CI: 3.6–4.6). On ART, LTF was 28.6% (95% CI: 27.6–29.7) and 37.6 (95% CI: 36.4–38.8) at 12 and 24 months, and 12 months mortality after ART was 8.0% (95% CI: 7.3–8.7). Conclusions: High rates of LTF were observed in this large cohort of HIV-infected children accessing care in Mozambique both before and after ART initiation highlighting the urgent need for interventions to improve retention in routine care settings.
Sport injuries in the European Union

The promotion of physical exercise is an essential strategy of health promotion. However, a sizeable proportion of health gains are lost due to sport injuries. As safety concerns are a factor in the decision to participate in sports, reducing the injury risk is also an essential strategy of public health policies. Prerequisite for targeted programmes is the assessment of injury risks associated with certain activities, facilities, products and services. Usual health statistics (deaths, hospital discharges, medical treatments) do not contain this kind of information. In order to compensate for this shortcoming, 12 EU-countries have implemented a monitoring system with the focus on external circumstances, based on samples of hospitals (A+E departments) – the European Injury Data Base (IDB). It allows for rough but comparable estimates of incidence rates. In the course of an ongoing EU project a survey on sport injuries in the European Union (500 million inhabitants) has been derived, for the first time. According to the IDB definitions of sports, annually about 4.5 million people aged 15 years and older have to be treated in EU hospitals for sport injury. Team ball sports account for 40% of all hospital treated sport injuries, uncontestedly led by football (soccer). Two third of injuries affects men, although with huge differences in the various types of sport. IDB data allow also for more detailed analyses of injury mechanisms. The potential of the IDB system for guiding prevention programmes will also be illustrated in an exemplary way.
The EEG response to pyridoxine‐IV neither identifies nor excludes pyridoxine‐dependent epilepsy

Purpose: Pyridoxine‐dependent epilepsy (PDE) is characterized by therapy‐resistant seizures (TRS) responding to intravenous (IV) pyridoxine. PDE can be identified by increased urinary alpha‐aminoadipic semialdehyde (α‐AASA) concentrations and mutations in the ALDH7A1 (antiquitin) gene. Prompt recognition of PDE is important for treatment and prognosis of seizures. We aimed to determine whether immediate electroencephalography (EEG) alterations by pyridoxine‐IV can identify PDE in neonates with TRS.
EURRECA—Estimating Vitamin D Requirements for Deriving Dietary Reference Values

The time course of the EURRECA from 2008 to 2012, overlapped considerably with the timeframe of the process undertaken by the North American Institute of Medicine (IOM) to revise dietary reference intakes for vitamin D and calcium (published November 2010). Therefore the aims of the vitamin D-related activities in EURRECA were formulated to address knowledge requirements that would complement the activities undertaken by the IOM and provide additional resources for risk assessors and risk management agencies charged with the task of setting dietary reference values for vitamin D. A total of three systematic reviews were carried out. The first, which pre-dated the IOM review process, identified and evaluated existing and novel biomarkers of vitamin D status and confirmed that circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations is a robust and reliable marker of vitamin D status. The second systematic review conducted a meta-analysis of the dose-response of serum 25(OH)D to vitamin D intake from randomized controlled trials (RCT) among adults to explore the most appropriate model of the vitamin D intake-serum 25(OH)D) relationship to estimate requirements. The third review also carried out a meta-analysis to evaluate evidence of efficacy from RCT using foods fortified with vitamin D, and found they increased circulating 25(OH)D concentrations in a dose-dependent manner but identified a need for stronger data on the efficacy of vitamin D-fortified food on deficiency prevention and potential health outcomes, including adverse effects. Finally, narrative reviews provided estimates of the prevalence of inadequate intakes of vitamin D in adults and children from international dietary surveys, as well as a compilation of research requirements for vitamin D to inform current and future assessments of vitamin D requirements. [Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's onilne edition of Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrion for the following free supplemental files: Additional text, tables, and figures. ]
Obesidade na adolescência: fator de risco para complicações clínico-metabólicas

Sixty six adolescents, 36 obese (25F/13M) and 28 non-obese (23F/5M), matched for sex, age, race, education level and Tanner stage of sexual maturation were submitted to a demographical inquire, clinical evaluation and laboratory analysis. The waist-to-hip ratio (0.86±0.08 vs. 0.74±0.04; p< 0.01) and systolic and diastolic blood pressures (120.2±12.1 vs. 105.4±9.1 mmHg; p< 0.01 and 74.3±7.7 vs. 65.5±9.4mmHg; p< 0.01), were higher in the obese group as compared to the non-obese group. Acanthosis nigricans predominated in the obese group (n= 24; 63.5%). levels of HDL-cholesterol were lower in obese adolescents (36.5±10.5 vs. 43.0±9.2 mg/dl; p< 0.05), whereas levels of triglycerides and uric acid were higher (124.6±80.0 vs. 74.2±31.4mg/dl; p< 0.01 and 5.8±1,4 vs, 4.5±1.0mg/dl; p< 0,01), respectively. No differences were found in cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and basal glucose between the two groups, Obese adolescents sought for treatment because of concern about their health (n= 15, 39.5%). Most of them had already used antiobesity drugs in the past. We conclude that obesity in adolescence seems to be associated with a clinical and metabolic profile of insulin resistance with acanthosis nigricans and higher levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, trygliceride and uric acid as well as low levels of HDL-cholesterol.
Antimicrobial Properties of Teas and Their Extracts in vitro

Tea has recently received the attention of pharmaceutical and scientific communities due to the plethora of natural therapeutic compounds. As a result, numerous researches have been published in a bid to validate their biological activity. Moreover, major attention has been drawn to antimicrobial activities of tea. Being rich in phenolic compounds, tea has the preventive potential for colon, esophageal, and lung cancers, as well as urinary infections and dental caries, among others. The venture of this review was to illustrate the emerging findings on the antimicrobial properties of different teas and tea extracts, which have been obtained from several in vitro studies investigating the effects of these extracts against different microorganisms. Resistance to antimicrobial agents has become an increasingly important and urgent global problem. The extracts of tea origin as antimicrobial agents with new mechanisms of resistance would serve an alternative way of antimicrobial chemotherapy targeting the inhibition of microbial growth and the spread of antibiotic resistance with potential use in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries.
Whole grain in manufactured foods: Current use, challenges and the way forward

ABSTRACT Some countries now incorporate recommendations for increased consumption of whole grain (WG) into local dietary guidelines. Cereal and pseudo-cereal grains are good sources of complex carbohydrates, dietary fiber, proteins, phytochemicals, vitamins and minerals. However, research shows that the large majority of consumers are still falling short of WG consumption goals. To address this, we are actively involved in research to help increase the WG content of processed foods without compromising on taste and texture. In order to ensure consumer trust, the advancement of process technologies in incorporating WG to produce tasty food has to go hand in hand with well designed clinical trials that confirm the health benefits resulting from diets rich in WG.
Sustained Viral Suppression in HIV-infected Children on Once-daily Lopinavir/Ritonavir in Clinical Practice

Background: The use of lopinavir/ritonavir once-daily (LPV/r QD) has not been approved for children. Good short-term clinical, virologic and immunologic outcomes have been observed in children on LPV/r QD. Methods: We evaluated the long-term effectiveness of a LPV/r QD containing regimen in HIV-1–infected children in clinical practice. Selected children (0–18 years of age) with an undetectable HIV-1 RNA viral load (<50 copies/mL) for at least 6 months on a twice-daily LPV/r-containing regimen switched to LPV/r QD. The main outcome measures were the percentage of patients with an undetectable HIV-1 viral load each subsequent year after switch to LPV/r QD (on treatment and last observation carried forward), and virologic failure during follow-up (>400 copies/mL twice within 6 months). Also, the exposure to LPV on the initial once-daily dosing regimen was determined. Results: Forty children (median age: 6.5 years; range: 1.0–17) were included. Median follow-up was 6.3 years (range: 1.0–10.3). During yearly follow-up, the percentage of children with an undetectable viral load varied between 82% and 100% (on treatment) and 83% and 93% (last observation carried forward). Five children (12.5%) met the criteria for failure. CD4+ and CD8+ counts remained stable at normal values. Geometric mean LPV area under the plasma concentration-time curve (linear up-log down method) over a dosing interval from time 0 to 24 hours after dosing was 169.3 mg x h/L, and last observed drug concentration was 1.35 mg/L. Adverse events were encountered in 8 patients, were mainly gastrointestinal, and in these cases, no reason to stop treatment. Conclusion: A once-daily LPV/r-containing regimen in HIV-1–infected children with intensive clinical and therapeutic drug monitoring is well tolerated and has good long-term clinical, virologic and immunologic outcomes.
CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION : PRACTICE AND EXPERIENCE Concurrency Computat

An early understanding of the trust concerns while composing a distributed system from independently developed software services saves time and effort. It also allows the developer of such distributed systems to reason about the trust-related properties of these systems. Although there are prevalent approaches for evaluating the trust of such systems, it is not clear which approach, if any, is the most comprehensive and best suited for a given situation. Moreover, there is no agreement about a unified approach, for quantifying trust, which can be applied to the entire software life-cycle of distributed systems. This article, first, motivates the need for such a quantification of trust via a case study from the domain of indoor tracking. It then provides a comprehensive survey of current approaches that define trust, in general domains, and then focuses on the relevant approaches from the domain of software-oriented distributed systems. These prevalent efforts are categorized into groups using existing clustering tools and then are further analyzed for their comprehensiveness. The analysis depicts: (1) many trust-related efforts and associated models have their own constrained views of trust; (2) different trust models focus on different aspects of trust and life-cycle details; and (3) it is difficult to interoperate across different trust models. Hence, the paper identifies a set of principles that can assist in quantifying and evaluating the trust throughout the software life-cycle of distributed systems. These principles, then, are applied to the aforementioned case study to provide an outline of how trustworthy distributed systems can be composed from independent software services. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictors for Reporting of Dietary Assessment Methods in Food-based Randomized Controlled Trials over a Ten-year Period

The importance of monitoring dietary intake within a randomized controlled trial becomes vital to justification of the study outcomes when the study is food-based. A systematic literature review was conducted to determine how dietary assessment methods used to monitor dietary intake are reported and whether assisted technologies are used in conducting such assessments. OVID and ScienceDirect databases 2000–2010 were searched for food-based, parallel, randomized controlled trials conducted with humans using the search terms “clinical trial,” “diet$ intervention” AND “diet$ assessment,” “diet$ method$,” “intake,” “diet history,” “food record,” “food frequency questionnaire,” “FFQ,” “food diary,” “24-hour recall. ” A total of 1364 abstracts were reviewed and 243 studies identified. The size of the study and country of origin appear to be the two most common predictors of reporting both the dietary assessment method and details of the form of assessment. The journal in which the study is published has no impact. Information technology use may increase in the future allowing other methods and forms of dietary assessment to be used efficiently.