Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
"How Long Does It Take to Stop?" Methodological Analysis of Driver Perception-Brake Times

Human perception-brake reaction time (RT) studies have reported a wide variety of results. By analyzing a large number of data sets, however, it is possible to estimate times under specific conditions. The most important variable is driver expectation, which affects RTs by a factor of 2. When fully aware of the time and location of the brake signal, drivers can detect a signal and move the foot from accelerator to brake pedal in about 0.70 to 0.75 sec. Response to unexpected, but common signals, such as a lead car's brake lights, is about 1.25 sec, whereas RTs for surprise events, such as an object suddenly moving into the driver's path, is roughly 1.5 sec. These times are modulated somewhat by other factors, including driver age and gender, cognitive load, and urgency.
SOME RESULTS OF TESTING THE DEVELOPED MATLABSIMULINK BASED FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANALYZER NEKI REZULTATI TESTIRANJA RAZVIJENOG FREKVENCIJSKOG ANALIZATORA

The application of the correlation technique in the system frequency response analysis is presented in this paper. The frequency response analyzer is implemented in MATLABSimulink environment and has been tested under different working conditions. Two examples are selected to stress the good features of the analyzer. An electromechanical system has served to show that the remarkable frequency analysis results can be obtained even under conditions of significant additive effects of signal noise on the system output. In another example, by using the developed analyzer the frequency characteristics of a system with non-rational transfer function are investigated. Sadržaj – U ovom radu je prezentovana primena korelacione tehnike pri analizi frekvencijskog odziva sistema. Frekvencijski analizator je implementiran u MATLABSimulink okruženju i testiran pod različitim uslovima rada. Odabrana su dva primera kako bi se istakle dobre osobine analizatora. Tako je na primeru jednog elektromehaničkog objekta pokazano da se zavidni rezultati frekvencijske analize dobijaju i u uslovima dejstva značajnog aditivnog signala šuma na izlazu sistema. U drugom primeru, pomoću razvijenog analizatora istražene su frekvencijske karakteristike sistema čije se ponašanje može okarakterisati neracionalnom funkcijom prenosa.
Contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to growth and nutrient uptake by jujube and tamarind seedlings in a phosphate (P)-deficient soil

A pot experiment was carried out in a nursery to determine the influence of an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus on plant growth and nutrient uptake in tamarind (Tamarindus indica) and jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana), both of which are multipurpose fruit trees in Sahelian agroforestry systems. Plants were inoculated or not with Glomus aggregatum and grown for four months in a sterilized phosphorus (P)deficient sandy soil (2.18 ppm P). Tamarind and jujube seedlings grew very poorly in the absence of G. aggregatum, whereas inoculated ones had greater shoot height and total biomass production. The total dry weight of the fruit tree species was increased 3 and 4 fold by G. aggregatum, respectively, in tamarind and jujube compared to the controls. Jujube with the highest AM root colonization had a higher P concentration (8.33 fold) in shoots than in tamarind (1.62 fold), indicating greater mycorrhizal dependency in jujube seedlings. The P concentration in shoots of AM plants contributed probably to enhance significantly plant growth and development more than N, K and Mg, particularly in jujube seedlings. Results suggested that fruit trees inoculated with AM fungi absorbed nutrients more efficiently from the soil, which resulted in improved plant growth and biomass production. These beneficial effects of AM inoculation may be useful for the production of these fruit trees in fields. Further investigations are therefore necessary to elucidate the effectiveness and competitiveness of G. aggregatum in real nursery conditions.
Resuspension of Sediment by Bottom Trawling in the Gulf of Maine and Potential Geochemical Consequences

The benthic environment of the Gulf of Maine is characterized by a thick and basin‐wide nepheloid layer, classically defined as a near‐bottom region of permanent sediment resuspension. The high frequency of commercial bottom trawling in particular regions of the Gulf of Maine, documented by records compiled by the National Marine Fisheries Service, may strongly affect measured resuspension fluxes and contribute to the maintenance of the nepheloid layer. Indirect evidence of the effects of bottom trawling on sediment resuspension is observed in the seasonal collection of large, benthic infaunal worms, along with substantial amounts of resuspended bottom sediment, in a sediment trap deployed 25 m off the bottom in the western gulf region of Wilkinson Basin. These collections appear to be coincident with seasonal periods of intensive bottom trawling in this area. By comparison, the western gulf region of Jordan Basin is typified by significantly reduced annual bottom‐trawling activity, and very few infaunal worms are found in the seasonal collections of a sediment trap located 25–30 m off the bottom. The extent to which trawling‐induced bottom sediment excavation and resuspension occurs has important implications for regional nutrient budgets in terms of the input of sedimentary nitrogen and silica into the water column via this anthropogenic activity. Sediment mixing and frequent bottom disturbance from trawling activity may also produce changes in the successional organization of soft‐sediment infaunal communities. The potential effects of trawling require serious examination and quantification to accurately determine the impact of such anthropogenic activity on the benthic ecosystems of continental margin environments.
An inverse to the antisymmetrization map of Cartan & Eilenberg

The first section of this paper gives the construction of an explicit contracting homotopy of the Chevalley-Eilenberg resolution of any Lie algebra g over a ring containing the field of rational numbers. In the second section, this homotopy is used to define a functorial quasi-inverse to the antisymmetrization map of Cartan and Eilenberg. More precisely, it is shown that the Chevalley-Eilenberg (co)chain complex of g is a deformation retract of the Hochschild (co)chain complex of its universal enveloping algebra. Notations 1 A contracting homotopy for the Chevalley-Eilenberg resolution 1.1 Convolution, Cofree coalgebras and coderivations Definition 1.1.1. Let (A,μ) be an graded algebra and (C,∆) be a graded coalgebra in the category of graded modules over some commutative graded ring U equipped with the graded tensor product ⊗U . Then the graded module HomU,gr(C,A) of graded U-linear morphisms from C to B (internal Hom) can be endowed with a graded associative composition product ? , called convolution product, defined by f ? g := μ ◦ (f ⊗ g) ◦∆ for all f and g in HomU (C,A). Let R be a commutative ring, (C, ) be a cocommutative counital coalgebra in the category of graded R-modules, and V a graded R-submodule of C. Denote by ∆ : C → C ⊗R C the coproduct of C, : C → R its counit. Definition 1.1. 2. [Qui69] C is said to be connected if there exists morphism of coalgebras η : R→ C such that η = IdR and C̄ := C/Imη is a conilpotent coalgebra. Assume that C is connected. C is said to be cofreely generated by V if there exists a morphism of graded R-modules p : C → V such that for every connected graded R-coalgebra D and every morphism of graded R-modules f̄ : D → V , there exists a unique morphism of coalgebras f : D → C such that the following diagramm
Use of Non-vitamin K Antagonist OralAnticoagulants (NOAC) for Stroke Preventionin Patients with Atrial Fibrillation andUnderlying Valvular Heart Disease ASystematic Review

Background: Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are commonly used for stroke prophylaxis in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), but their efficacy and safety in patients with underlying valvular heart disease (VHD) is unknown. Methods: A search of MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Embase, clinicaltrials.gov was performed with the terms direct oral antiocoagulants, new oral anticoagulants, DOAC, NOAC, rivaroxaban, apixaban, dabigatran, valvular heart disease, aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation, mitral regurgitation, tricuspid stenosis, tricuspid regurgitation, pulmonary stenosis and pulmonary regurgitation. Only clinical studies with clinical endpoints that compared NOACs with warfarin in patients with AF and identified VHD were included. Results: Four clinical studies were retrieved based on our search criteria. Subgroup analysis of the landmark trials comparing a NOAC to warfarin in AF patients with underlying VHD demonstrated that NOACs had similar or superior efficacy in stroke prevention compared to warfarin. The risk bleeding with NOACs compared to warfarin in these patients yielded inconsistent results. Conclusion: Based on the available evidence, NOACs provide similar or superior stroke reduction compared to warfarin in patients with AF and VHD, especially in aortic valve disease and mitral regurgitation. The rate of major bleeding between NOACs and warfarin in this patient population is unclear. Keywords: Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants; Heart disease; Atrial fibrillation; Mitral regurgitation; Tricuspid regurgitation
USE OF FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION GYPSUM FOR THE REMOVAL OF OFF-FLAVOR COMPOUNDS IN FISH POND WATER

Accumulation of off-flavor in fish flesh caused by the presence of geosmin and 2- methylisoborneol (MIB) in pond waters is a worldwide quality problem in aquaculture. This study investigated the effectiveness of synthetic flue gas desulfurization gypsum, (FGDG) a cheap and readily soluble material from coal-fired electric utilities, for the removal of off flavor substances: geosmin and MIB, in fish pond water. Water samples from fish ponds were spiked with known concentrations of geosmin and MIB and varying amounts of FGDG (0, 200, 400 and 600 mg/L) were added to compare the removal rates of geosmin and MIB, chlorophyll a levels and orthophosphate. The experiment was conducted for 9 days. It was revealed that FGDG had significantly reduced both geosmin and MIB in spiked pond waters when compared with the control (0 mg/L) (P 0.05) different from 600 mg/L. The highest removal rate of MIB (75.63%) was found with the treatment with 400 mg/L CFG after 6 days. In addition, 200 mg/L FGDG was also highly effective in reducing chlorophyll a and orthophosphate concentration through calcium phosphate precipitation. It was suggested that 200 mg/L FGDG is the suitable dose to apply for the removal of off-flavor compounds in fish pond waters.
Exploited Application of Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis in Analysis of Ammonia Oxidizing Bacterial Community Structure

The aim of the present study was to investigate the diversity of the ammonia-oxidizing bacterial population by identifying autochthonous bacteria from allochthonous ammonia-oxidizing bacteria from the WWTP effluents. Measurements of potential nitrifying activity, competitive PCR, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S ribosomal DNA fragments specific to ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were used to explore the succession and shifts of the ammonia-oxidizing community. The CTO primers used in this study were shown not to be completely specific to AOB of the s subclass of Proteobacteria. We further demonstrated that when DGGE patterns are interpreted, all the different bands must be sequenced, as one major DGGE band proved to be affiliated with a group of non-AOB in the s subclass of Proteobacteria. The majority of AOB (75 to 90%) present in the Amla Khadi river downstream of the effluent output belong to lineage 6a, represented by Nitrosomonas oligotropha- and Nitrosomonas ureae-like bacteria. This dominant lineage was represented by three bands on the DGGE gel. The major lineage-6a AOB species, introduced by the WWTP effluents, survived and might have grown in the receiving medium far downstream, in the estuary; it represented about 40% of the whole AOB population. The other two species belonging to lineage 6a seem to be autochthonous bacteria. One of them developed a few kilometers downstream of the WWTP effluent input in an ammonia-enriched environment, and the other appeared in the freshwater part of the estuary and was apparently more adapted to estuarine conditions. The rest of the AOB population was represented in equal proportions by Nitrosospira- and Nitrosococcus mobilis-like species.
Wheat Production Response to the Shocks of some Economic Variables in Iran (Vector Autoregression Model Framework)

Recognizing response of economic variables consciously and based on scientific theories results in intelligent decision making. In the past years, Iran has been considered as an agricultural section and particularly wheat has been considered as a strategic product in the upstream documents such as Iran 20- year vision plan and the Five-Year Economic Development Program rules. So, in this paper, Phillips-Perron, Johanssen, impulse response function, variance decomposition and vector autoregressive model are used following studying response of wheat and important effective variables in this part. The results indicate that response of wheat production to shocks applied by variables of added value in agricultural division and wheat cultivation area is positive, increasing and the standard deviation which has been created in production of wheat in the first period has been explained completely by wheat production.
From Rock Scissor Paper to study and modeling of Chinese Five Elements: Evolutionary Game Theory

In this thesis, we have developed a model to study the behavior of an extended version of evolutionary game "Rock-Scissor-Paper", that is "Five Elements". The origin of five elements are from "Chinese five elements" in which five different types of elements compete with each other in a similar way as in a SIR model. Elements are affecting each other in two different ways, either to compete with each other or to help some particular elements in resisting their superior elements. The competition and cooperation is linked in circle which initiates a steady state. The analytical expressions (mean field) and simulation results have been presented. We have made some basic simulations of the original "Rock-Scissor-Paper" in order to build a better understanding of this kind of evolutionary game, and to extend from three elements to five elements. One of the real examples of five elements we have studied is a game called "Rock-Paper-Scissor-Lizard-Spock", which is a direct extension from the "Rock-Scissor-paper". Cooperation in the game is expressed in form of either direct cooperation/help from different elements as in "Chinese Five Elements" or indirect help caused by direct competition. Based on the simulations, some characteristic behaviors of five elements have been found. Reaction rates and different competition probabilities have proven to be the critical part in the game.
THE INFLUENCE OF CULTIVATION SYSTEM ON DISTRIBUTION

137Cs radiogenic content in the soil can be used to estimate the rate of erosion and deposition in an area occurring since 1950’s, by comparing the content of the 137Cs in observed site with those in a stable reference site. This experiment aimed to investigate the influence of cultivation type on distribution profile of 137Cs and distribution of erosion and deposition rate in cultivated area. A study site was small cultivated area with slope steepness <10o and length 2 km located in Bojong – Ciawi. For this purpose, the top of a slope was chosen for reference site and three plot sites were selected namely Land Use I that using simple cultivation, Land Use II that using simple cultivation with ridge and furrow, and Land Use III using machine cultivation. The results showed that cultivation could make a movement of 137Cs to the deeper layer and ridges and furrows cultivation system could minimized an erosion process. The net erosion and deposition for land Use I, II and III were -25 t/ha/yr , 24 t/ha/yr and -58 t/ha/yr, respectively.
Utilisation of Sentinel-1 SAR Imagery for Oil Spill Mapping: A Case Study of Balikpapan Bay Oil Spill

Oil spill is a great threat for marine ecosystem. Oil discharge has become a public concern in all over the world with the increase of marine traffics. Indonesian government has declared state of emergency over oil spill which devastated Balikpapan bay in March 2018. The deadly oil spill impacts marine ecosystem as well as the communities. This study aims to map the oil spill over Balikpapan bay by utilising SAR imagery of Sentinel-1. Automatic and semi-automatic approaches are presented in this study to detect the oil spill. Oil spill is automatically detected using Oil Spill Detection toolbox of Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP). Furthermore, semi-automatic method is also demonstrated by utilising pre and post-oil spill SAR imageries. Our experiment shows that semi-automatic method has better performance than automatic detection by SNAP. Nevertheless, both approaches are useful to map oil spill in term of time and cost effectiveness.
Transcriptional mechanisms governing the exit of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) from the pluripotency ground state

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are non-specialized cells able to self-renew and to differentiate in vitro giving rise to all cell types of an organism, mimicking the events that take place in vivo during the early stages of the development. For these characteristics, a deep knowledge of the mechanisms that govern ESC fate is fundamental for both basic research and cell replacement therapy. In the recent years, enormous progresses have been made in the understanding of ESC pluripotency, while the mechanisms governing the ESC differentiation and, in particular, the mechanisms governing the exit from the pluripotent state and the first steps of differentiation are still not definitively understood. In this context, our group has developed a systematic approach based on the screening of a shRNA library to identify factors governing ESC fate. Among the identified genes, we have found the high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2), a non-histone chromatin factor that is widely expressed during embryogenesis and is known to have important roles in development and cell adhesion/differentiation processes. We have found that the knockdown of HMGA2 promotes the maintenance of pluripotent state. Indeed, in conditions promoting differentiation, HMGA2 knock-down cells maintain the expression of stemness markers Oct3/4, Nanog. Interestingly, we have found that the expression of stemness markers is accompanied by a decrease of neuro-ectodermal marker Sox1. A more detailed analysis of the phenotype induced by HMGA2 suppression has shown that the block of differentiation occurs during first steps, i.e. the transition from ESCs to epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs). The same effects, accompanied by a more dramatic phenotype, were observed upon differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) knock-out for HMGA2. We have found that HMGA2 expression is regulated by a key transcription factor Otx2 that alone or in combination with Oct4 drives early enhancer activation during the exit from ground state of ESCs to EpiSCs. Indeed, we have shown that HMGA2 cooperates with Otx2 in enhanceosome formation. Finally, the results obtained during my doctoral thesis have demonstrated that HMGA2 acts taking part to the regulatory mechanisms that guide the exit of ESCs from ground state.
Lars E O Svensson: Inflation targeting after the financial crisis

I thank Charles Bean, Claes Berg, Alan Blinder, Stephen Cecchetti, Chuck Freedman, Charles Goodhart, Lars Nyberg, Irma Rosenberg, Hyun Shin, Frank Smets and Staffan Viotti for discussions of these issues. The views expressed here are my own and not necessarily those of other members of the Riksbank’s executive board or of the Riksbank’s staff. Hanna Armelius and Hans Dellmo of the Riksbank’s staff contributed to this speech.
RAPPORT MANAGEMENT IN THAI AND JAPANESE SOCIAL TALK DURING GROUP DISCUSSIONS

According to Hofstede’s (2003) often quoted survey, Japanese and Thai cultures rank high on the collectivist scale and both cultures attach the greatest importance to group harmony. Accordingly, we should see similar characteristics in Japanese and Thai speakers during discussions within their respective social groups. However, this is not the case. This paper examines social talk during the task-oriented interaction of Japanese and Thai speakers. The analysis focuses on how the speakers of Japanese and Thai present themselves and construct rapport in casual group talk. Using the concept of consciousness deployed in ‘idea units’ (Chafe 1980, 1994) and some semantic considerations, I identify three major differences in rapport construction between Japanese and Thai speakers. First, Japanese participants prefer to build common ground through discussion of communal topics and through dealing with the comprehensiveness and the orderliness of the situation, whereas Thai participants incline toward Individual-oriented topics and independent styles of talk. Second, the Japanese show a preference for using softening devices and conventionalized expressions in group discussion while the Thais tend to use intensifiers and spontaneous expressions to indicate involvement and create a friendly and fun atmosphere. Third, the Japanese like to demonstrate the minimization of self and the relevancy between the self and the collective whereas the Thais value the capitalization of the self and the strengthening of personal relationships. Japanese and Thai communicative styles can be viewed as reflection of the different way the two cultures conceptualize the notion of rapport and the self. With regard to the component of rapport management (Spencer-Oatey 2000), the Japanese place more emphasis on the observation of sociality rights, while the Thais incline toward the management of face. This suggests that rapport construction in collectivist cultures may possess totally different characters.
Structural and Electrical Properties of Graphene Oxide-Doped PVA/PVP Blend Nanocomposite Polymer Films

Graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles were incorporated in PVA/PVP blend polymers for the preparation of nanocomposite polymer films by the solution cast technique. XRD, FTIR, DSC, SEM, and UV-visible studies were performed on the prepared nanocomposite polymer films. XRD revealed the amorphous nature of the prepared films. Thermal analysis of the nanocomposite polymer films was analyzed by DSC. SEM revealed the morphological features and the degree of roughness of the samples. DC conductivity studies were under taken on the samples, and the conductivity was found to be 6.13 × 10−4 S·cm−1 for the polymer film prepared at room temperature. A solid-state battery has been fabricated with the chemical composition of Mg+/(PVA/PVP : GO)/(I2 + C + electrolyte), and its cell parameters like power density and current density were calculated.