Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous Distribution of Entanglements in a Nonequilibrium Polymer Melt of UHMWPE: Influence on Crystallization without and with Graphene Oxide

In the past, studies have been performed to follow chain dynamics in an equilibrium polymer melt using low molar mass polymers. Here we show that in linear ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene entanglements formed during or after polymerization are influencing differently the overall chain topology of the polymer melt. When a disentangled UHMWPE sample is crystallized under isothermal conditions after melting, two endothermic peaks are observed. The high temperature peak is related to the melting of crystals obtained on crystallization from the disentangled domains of the heterogeneous (nonequilibrium) polymer melt, whereas the low melting temperature peak is related to the melting of crystals formed from entangled domains of the melt. On increasing the annealing time in melt, the enthalpy of the lower melting temperature peak increases at the expense of the high melting temperature peak due to the transformation of the disentangled nonequilibrium melt into the entangled equilibrium one. However, indep.
The isolation of isoagathenediol: a new tricyclic diterpene from the lipids of Rhodospirillum rubrum

Summary: A tricyclic diterpene, isoagathenediol, has been isolated from the lipid fraction of the photosynthetic non-sulphur bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum. The compound was present in trace amounts and its structure was determined by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Isoagathenediol is a new natural product and may function as a membrane fluidity modulator. Five other bacterial species have also been screened for the presence of this compound, but the diterpene was detected only in extracts derived from R. rubrum. As tricyclic diterpene fossils are readily detected in oil and shale samples, the isolation of isoagathenediol has indicated the biological origin of these fossils.
Quality of bank capital in New Zealand

The four largest banks in New Zealand have been accredited to operate as ‘internal models’ (IM) banks under the Basel II capital framework. Under this approach, banks are allowed to use their own models as a basis of determining their minimum capital requirements, subject to their models being accredited by the Reserve Bank. In this article, we explore the quality of capital in New Zealand. We explain the Reserve Bank’s capital philosophy, and discuss the key issues that have been considered during the implementation of the IM approach within the New Zealand context. In doing so, we highlight areas in which the Reserve Bank has diverged from international practice to ensure that the New Zealand banking system operates within a conservatively capitalised framework, commensurate with the risks faced by New Zealand banks.
Restructuring gender relations and employment : the decline of the male breadwinner

1. The Decline of the Male Breadwinner: Explanations and Interpretations 2. Obligations and Autonomy in Social Welfare 3. Dual Breadwinners: Between State and Market 4. The Modernization of Family and Motherhood in Western Europe 5. Women, Men And Non-Standard Employment: Recent Developments in the Sexual Division of Breadwinning and Caregiving in Germany, Italy and the UK 6. Attitudes, Women's Employment and the Changing Domestic Division of Labour: A Cross-National Analysis 7. Employment, Careers and Families: The Significance of Choice and Constraint in Women's Lives 8. Gender, Occupational Feminisation and Reflexivity: A Cross-National Perspective 9. The Restructuring of Gender Relations Within the Medical Professions: Theoretical and Empirical Implications 10. Discussion and Conclusions
The determination of high-resolution spatio-temporal glacier motion fields from time-lapse sequences

Abstract. This paper presents a comprehensive method for the determination of glacier surface motion vector fields at high spatial and temporal resolution. These vector fields can be derived from monocular terrestrial camera image sequences and are a valuable data source for glaciological analysis of the motion behaviour of glaciers. The measurement concepts for the acquisition of image sequences are presented, and an automated monoscopic image sequence processing chain is developed. Motion vector fields can be derived with high precision by applying automatic subpixel-accuracy image matching techniques on grey value patterns in the image sequences. Well-established matching techniques have been adapted to the special characteristics of the glacier data in order to achieve high reliability in automatic image sequence processing, including the handling of moving shadows as well as motion effects induced by small instabilities in the camera set-up. Suitable geo-referencing techniques were developed to transform image measurements into a reference coordinate system. The result of monoscopic image sequence analysis is a dense raster of glacier surface point trajectories for each image sequence. Each translation vector component in these trajectories can be determined with an accuracy of a few centimetres for points at a distance of several kilometres from the camera. Extensive practical validation experiments have shown that motion vector and trajectory fields derived from monocular image sequences can be used for the determination of high-resolution velocity fields of glaciers, including the analysis of tidal effects on glacier movement, the investigation of a glacier's motion behaviour during calving events, the determination of the position and migration of the grounding line and the detection of subglacial channels during glacier lake outburst floods.
Comparison of dissociative ionization of H2, N2, Ar2, and CO by elliptically polarized two-color pulses

We study the directional dissociative ionization of diatomic molecules (H2, N2, Ar2, and CO) by intense phase-controlled elliptically polarized two-color pulses. The phase between the two colors of our elliptically polarized two-color pulse is unambiguously and straightforwardly assigned by tracing the momentum of the released electron, streaked by the rotating laser field, which is imprinted in the momentum of the correlated ion. The laser-driven electron motion, electron-localization-assisted enhanced multielectron ionization, and role of the orbital shape for the asymmetric dissociative ionizations of various molecules are discussed.
Correcting the Empirical Foundations of Ipo-Pricing Regulation

Recent events are replete with stories of fraudulent or opportunistic behavior in the initial public offering (IPO) process - behavior that extended to the highest-reputation investment banks. Curiously, notwithstanding this evidence, recent financial economics literature asserts investment bank conflicts of interest certify IPO issuers. This Article develops new empirical evidence that casts doubt on this certification hypothesis by examining the pre-IPO price adjustment of IPOs involving qualified independent underwriters (QIUs), particularly IPOs in which more than ten percent of the net proceeds are being directed to participating investment banks (e.g., to repay a prior extension of credit). These offerings have similar pre-IPO pricing patterns to those others interpret as involving certification. Investment bank exit, however, cannot comfortably be categorized as certification. These results, together with other recent results in the legal literature, support the view that factors other than certification account for IPO pricing phenomena in IPOs involving investment bank conflicts of interest. The SEC has finally come to consider important proposals, put forward by the NASD and the NYSE, to reform IPO marketing, albeit five years after the internet bubble in IPOs and other securities transactions burst. These results support increased disclosure-focused regulation of the IPO process.
Bacteriological Evaluation of Some Fresh and Frozen fish

Ninety random samples of fresh and frozen each of Tilapia niloticus, Mugil cephalus and Shrimp (15 of each) werecollected from different fish markets at Qaliuobia Governorate. All collected samples were bacteriologically examinedfor determination of Aerobic Plate Count (APC), psychrotrophic count, Isolation and Identification of pseudomonas andAeromonas species. The bacteriological examination revealed the mean values of APC in the examined fish samples was1.52×106 ± 0.47×106 and 3.08×105 ± 1.31×105 in fresh and frozen Tilapia niloticus, 7.14×105 ± 1.84×105 and 2.59×105 ±0.62×105 in fresh and frozen Mugil cephalus and 7.81×104 ± 2.07×104 and 1.36×104 ± 0.42×104/g, in fresh and frozenshrimp . The mean values of psychrotrophic count in fresh and frozen Tilapia niloticus were 2.67×105 ± 0.45×105 and5.36×105 ± 1.24×105 cfu/g, respectively. 4.91×104 ± 0.93×105 and 1.72×105 ± 0.46×105/ gm respectively in fresh andfrozen Mugil cephalus. 7.81×104 ± 2.07×104 and 6.51×104 ± 1.80×104/g, in fresh and frozen shrimp. The incidence ofPseudomonas species was 33.3% and 53.3%in the examined samples of fresh and frozen Tilapia niloticus, 46.7% and60.0 %in fresh and frozen Mugil cephalu, respectively, 33.3 %and 40.0 %in fresh and frozen shrimp, respectively. Theincidence of Aeromonas species were 46.7 %and 33.3 %in the examined samples of fresh and frozen Tilapia niloticus,53.3 % and 40.0% in fresh and frozen Mugil cephalus, respectively, 33.3 % and 40.0 %in fresh and frozen shrimp,respectively
RESOLVED IMAGING OF THE HR 8799 DEBRIS DISK WITH HERSCHEL

We present Herschel far-infrared and submillimeter maps of the debris disk associated with the HR 8799 planetary system. We resolve the outer disk emission at 70, 100, 160, and 250 μm and detect the disk at 350 and 500 μm. A smooth model explains the observed disk emission well. We observe no obvious clumps or asymmetries associated with the trapping of planetesimals that is a potential consequence of planetary migration in the system. We estimate that the disk eccentricity must be <0.1. As in previous work by Su et al., we find a disk with three components: a warm inner component and two outer components, a planetesimal belt extending from 100 to 310 AU, with some flexibility (±10 AU) on the inner edge, and the external halo that extends to ∼2000 AU. We measure the disk inclination to be 26° ± 3° from face-on at a position angle of 64° E of N, establishing that the disk is coplanar with the star and planets. The spectral energy distribution of the disk is well fit by blackbody grains whose semi-major axes lie within the planetesimal belt, suggesting an absence of small grains. The wavelength at which the spectrum steepens from blackbody, 47 ± 30 μm, however, is short compared with other A star debris disks, suggesting that there are atypically small grains likely populating the halo. The PACS longer wavelength data yield a lower disk color temperature than do MIPS data (24 and 70 μm), implying two distinct halo dust-grain populations.
ON THE EMERGENCE OF A GULF ENGLISH VARIETY: A SOCIOCULTURAL APPROACH

The paper discusses the question of Linguistic identity in the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (henceforth CCASG). The notion of identity is analysed with reference to linguistic practices as a sociocultural means of communication. The existing register is a natural outcome on which the vast and fast process of modernization is reflected. The paper discusses a corpus of the Gulf register to seek an answer for the question of how the Arabic Gulf native identity impacts the English linguistic practice, as an interdisciplinary and integrative part in the sociocultural approach. Arabic meets with English as a global non-native variety of English and results in the new Gulf code. The result of the examination of linguistic practices confirm that identity in the Gulf reflects a cultural transformation and does not resist the new linguistic and sociocultural system. The selected theoretical framework for the analysis is drawn from a variety of linguistic sub-disciplines and research traditions. The sociocultural approach is selected for this study as it is the most applicable.
The Relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behavior and the Performance of Managers and Governors' Staff in the West of Golestan Province, Iran

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and the performance of managers and governors' staff in the west of Golestan province, Iran. The research method was correlation-descriptive. The statistical population of this study was all managers and governors' staff in the West of Golestan province, Iran who was 460 individuals. Among them 210 individuals were participated based on Morgan table. Citizenship behavior was the independent variable and the dependent variable was performance. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and regression. The results showed that there was a significant and positive relationship between citizenship behavior and all the sub-scale of it all with the performance of managers and staff.
A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF DEXMEDETOMIDINE AND CLONIDINE AS ADJUVANTS TO LEVOBUPIVACAINE IN EPIDURAL ANAESTHESIA FOR LOWER LIMB ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERIES

BACKGROUND: There are always efforts to find a better and safer local anaesthetic along with adjuvants in epidural anaesthesia. Bupivacaine is a long acting, effective local anaesthetic that is commonly administered in anaesthesia practice. Despite its undoubted efficacy, bupivacaine is associated with cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Central nervous system (CNS) and cardiovascular adverse reactions reported after inadvertent intravascular or intravenous regional anesthesia have been linked to R (+) isomer of bupivacaine. So Levobupivacaine, the pure S (-) - enantiomer of racemic bupivacaine, was developed as an alternative to bupivacaine. Levobupivacaine is increasingly used in the clinical practice because of its safer pharmacological profile and faster protein binding rate AIM: This study was conducted to evaluate the onset and duration of analgesia, extent and duration of sensory and motor block, sedation and side effects of Dexmedetomidine and Clonidine when used as adjuvants to Levobupivacaine in epidural anaesthesia for lower limb orthopaedic surgeries. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A prospective randomized study was carried out in the department of Anaesthesia at Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital which included 50 adult patients between the ages of 21 and 60 years (of ASA I/II grade) who underwent lower limb orthopaedic surgeries. The patients were randomly allocated into two groups; levobupivacaine + dexmedetomidine (LD) and levobupivacaine + clonidine (LC), comprising of 25 patients each. Group LD was administered 18 ml of 0.5% epidural levobupivacaine and 1.5 µg/kg of dexmedetomidine, while group LC received admixture of 18 ml of 0.5% levobupivacaine and 2 µg/kg of Clonidine. Onset of analgesia, sensory and motor block levels, sedation, duration of analgesia and side effects were observed. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using analysis of variance, student t test, chi-square test and Fisher Exact test. The Statistical Software namely SAS 9.2,SPSS 15.0,Stata 10.1,MedCalc 9.0. 1,Sysatat 12.0 and R environment ver.2. 11.1 were also used for the analysis of the data and Microsoft word and Excel have been used to generate graphs,tables etc. The value of P 0.05). CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine is a better neuraxial adjuvant when compared to clonidine for providing early onset of sensory and motor blockade levels, adequate sedation and a prolonged post-operative analgesia with better success rate and increased patient satisfaction.
Personal Reflection: Transforming Teaching Practice through Action Research: The Role of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning.

This reflective piece describes my experiences of teaching practice in an Indian University and my transformed practice as a result of enrolment in the Graduate Certificate in Education (University Teaching) in an Australian university. I enrolled in this course with hesitation, considering it time consuming and likely to detract from any focus on research. However, the experiences and learning in different modules of the graduate certificate became instrumental in producing an action researcher from a standard academic. In this essay, I will share my engagement with the scholarship of teaching and learning through an action research project which has transformed my teaching practice.
Geochemistry of groundwater in the mixing zone along the east coast of Mallorca, Spain

Intruding seawater mixes with discharging freshwater in coastal carbonate aquifers creating an extremely active geocnemical environment. The reactivity of the brackwish water results from the nonlinearity of mineral solubility with regard to differences in ionic strength, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and ionic activities in the endmember solutions. The processes of carbonate mineral dissolution, precipitation, and replacement are enhanced in the groundwater mixing zone. Fourteen groundwater samples were collected across the mixing zone along the east coast of Mallorca, Spain. Samples were obtained from caves and wells in both the Upper Miocene reef complex near the coast and the Jurassic limestone in the more mountainous northern part of the island. The samples covered a range in salinities from 1.0 to 35.0 o/oo. The observed chemical character of these water samples is presumably the result of 1) mixing of Na-CI Mediterranean seawater with local fresh Ca-HCQ3 groundwater, 2) mineral dissolution, precipitation, and replacement, and 3) C0 2 gas exchange. Conservative mixing and chemical reactions were simulated with the geochemical model PHREEQE, a computer program that calculates equilibrium ionic speciation and mass transfer along a reaction pathway. Simple mixing of a fresh groundwater which is supersaturated with respect to calcite, aragonite, and dolomite and Mediterranean seawater which is highly supersaturated with respect to all three minerals generates a solution that is subsaturated with respect to aragonite over a broad range of salinity. In order to simulate observed chemical compositions, conservative mixing, dissolution and neomorphism of aragonite, dissolution and precipitation of calcite, C 0 2 gas f lux, and dolomitization are considered as a function of the salinity of the groundwater in the mixing zone.
Multi-state system in a fault tree analsis of a nuclear based thermochemical hydrogen plant

Nuclear-based hydrogen generation is a promising way to supply hydrogen for this large market in the future. This thesis focuses on one of the most promising methods, a thermochemical Cu-Cl cycle, which is currently under development by UOIT, Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) and the Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). The safety issues of the Cu-Cl cycle are addressed in this thesis. An investigation of major accident scenarios shows that potential tragedies can be avoided with effective risk analysis and safety management programs. As a powerful and systematic tool, fault tree analysis (FTA) is adapted to the particular needs of the Cu-Cl system. This thesis develops a new method that combines FTA with a reliability analysis tool, multi-state system (MSS), to improve the accuracy of FTA and also improve system reliability.
Is There Long-run Convergence among Regional House Prices in the UK?

This paper investigates the long-run convergence of regional house prices in the UK. Existing studies have failed to reach a consensus on whether or not regional house prices exhibit long-run convergence with each other. The application is proposed of a new test involving unit root testing of the first principal component based on regional—national house price differentials. Using mix-adjusted quarterly data for 1973—2006, it is found that the first principal component is stationary. This suggests that all UK regional house prices are driven by a single common stochastic trend. Further analysis suggests that those regions that are more distant from London exhibit the highest degrees of persistence with respect to deviations in house price differentials.
CALCULATION OF PASSIVE MAGNETIC FORCE IN A RADIAL MAGNETIC BEARING USING GENERAL DIVISION APPROACH

This paper represents the force calculation in a radial passive magnetic bearing using Monte Carlo technique with general division approach (s-MC). The expression of magnetic force is obtained using magnetic surface charge density method which incurs a multidimensional integration with complicated integrand. This integration is solved using Monte Carlo technique with 1-division (1-MC) and 2-division (2-MC) approaches with a MATLAB programming. Analysis using established methods such as finite element method (FEM), semi-analytical method, and adaptive Monte Carlo (AMC) method has been carried out to support the proposed technique. Laboratory experiment has been conducted to validate the proposed method. 2-MC gives better result than 1-MC. The computation time of the proposed method is compared with the quadrature method, FEM and AMC. It is observed that the proposed method invites less computational burden than those methods as the algorithm adaptively traverses the domain for promising parts of the domain only, and all the elementary regions are not considered with equal importance.
TOTAL POLYPHENOLS ANALYSIS OF MATURE SEEDS AND TISSUE CULTURES OF SOME COLOMBIAN COCOA VARIETIES

The aim of this research was to establish cocoa (Theobroma cacao) cell suspensions culture to analyze the total polyphenols content for two Colombian cocoa varieties and to compare the results with the total polyphenols content from the same field varieties. The final results showed that it is possible to produce big amount of cocoa cell biomass able to synthesize the metabolites without loosing its organoleptic properties (smell, color, and flavor), and to produce an acceptable content of total polyphenols compared with the natural seeds. This preliminary study is a promising perspective for future production of the antioxidants and to supplement with them the cocoa by-products.
Corporate Governance, Substantive Theory and Sociological Institutionalism: The Case of the Egyptian Banking Sector

Banking organizations have peculiar characteristics that make it difficult for them to adopt and apply traditional corporate governance models. However, little attention has been given to understanding and theorizing banking corporate governance. Deploying a grounded theory methodology this paper develops a substantive theory of banking corporate governance within Egypt. Subsequently, through sociological institutionalism the substantive theory is further analyzed and assessed; findings indicate that banking corporate governance is an evolving context or contingency based phenomenon. Corporate governance for banks in Egypt involves an institutionalization process based on regulative and normative pressures that looks to ensure legitimacy from shareholders, regulators and depositors. This said, to maintain legitimacy banks either comply or disguise their non-compliance. Overall, this paper contributes to non-traditional corporate governance theorizing and offers policy-makers a distinct in-depth understanding of the phenomenon.