Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interactions between drugs and nucleic acids. Part 1. Dichroic studies of doxorubicin, daunorubicin, and their basic chromophore, quinizarin

The interpretation of the electronic spectra of complexes between DNA and antitumour drugs must rely on the knowledge of the directions of the transition moments of the drug chromophore. This paper reports the linear and circular dichroism studies (including magnetic c.d.) and semiempirical INDO/S calculations carried out in order to provide evidence for the directions of the transition dipole moments within the quinizarin chromophore present in the antitumour drugs daunorubicin and doxorubicin. The c.d. technique also demonstrated that these two drugs, in spite of the complex substitution pattern of the anthraquinone moiety, have the same sequence of u.v. –visible electronic transitions as the unsubstituted quinizarin. The partial orientation of the investigated molecules required to run their linear dichroism spectra was achieved by using liquid crystalline solvents (both thermotropic and aqueous lyotropic) according the modulated liquid-crystal–linear dichroism technique.
RESEARCH ON HEAVY METALS IN POLAND

The analysis of 238 papers published in the Polish Journal of Environmental Studies concerning investigations on heavy metals conducted in the years 1998-2008 suggests a steadily growing interest in the issue. Investigations on the environmental problems in question are carried out by means of more modern research methods and using the most recent analytical equipment. Research on the role of heavy metals and metalloids in the environment concerned analytical and legal problems. Research on the speciation of metals, their toxicity, accumulation, biomagnification, bioindication, migration, removal, phytoremediation and biomonitoring was conducted. The papers published in the Polish Journal of Environmental Studies were divided according to the range of topics mentioned above. At present, the paper is a review compendium and therefore current and important for every reader.
Consequences of in vivo interactions of binary mixtures of salts of metals in alcoholic milieu on the liver and kidney of male albino Westar rats

Effects of alcoholic solution of binary mixtures of salts of metals on some hepatic and nephrotic parameters in animal model was monitored using spectrophotometric technique. The serum activities of ALT, AST, ALP and concentrations of ALB, TP, UR, CR were assayed. Animals were orally exposed to the solutions continually for seven, fourteen and twenty one consecutive days respectively. Results obtained showed increased activities of ALT particularly for groups fed Fe+Zn and Pb+Fe relative control (P<0.01) whereas Fe+Cd was least; for AST activity, Pb+Cd caused highest increase in activity with Fe+Zn being the least; trend for ALP activity was Pb+Cd highest while Fe+Zn caused the least effect. In the case of albumin, Fe+Cd highest whereas Fe+Zn and Pb+Cd had values lower than the control group values. In the case of urea, Pb+Cd caused the highest increase whereas Fe+Zn was the least. As for creatinine, Fe+Cd caused the highest increase whereas Fe+Zn had the least (p<0.01). Alcoholic solution of Fe+Zn generally caused marginal increase of the parameters monitored whereas other metals combinations synergistically caused duration of administration- dependent increase levels of the parameters relative control groups and therefore the integrity and functions of the organs could be compromised. InStat3 Statistical Software was used and ANOVA was chosen to analyse the data; P value 0.01 was considered significant.
Correlation between friction and flow of lubricating greases in a new tribometer device

A tribometer requires speed and normal force control, as well as a torque measurement, to acquire tribological data. An air bearing‐supported rotational rheometer allows the measurement of the same variables, but in a broader range and with better accuracy. This and the intension to measure Stribeck curves, as well as the static friction with one single instrument, led to the idea to design an accessory turning a rheometer into a high‐resolution tribometer based on a ball on pyramid principle. Speed ramp and static friction measurements of oil‐lubricated systems illustrate the performance of the rheo‐tribometer. The flow behaviour of greases is more complex, and extensive rheological and tribological testing was performed on three greases of the American National Lubrication Grease Institute classes 0, 1 and 2 at the temperatures of 25 and −40°C. The influence of temperature could be monitored, and a correlation between rheology and tribology was found. To link the model system with real applications for greases, a ball bearing fixture for the tribological accessory has been designed for which first results are presented. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Soluble high-molecular-mass poly(ethylene oxide)s via self-organization

High-molecular-weight poly(ethylene oxide)s are utilized for a wide variety of different applications. Here we present a new strategy for the large-scale synthesis of modified metallosupra- molecular poly(ethylene oxide)s on the basis of the metal-induced self-assembly of bis(2,2':6',2''-terpyrid- 4'-yl)-poly(ethylene oxide)179. The influence of different metal ions (cadmium(II), copper(II), cobalt(II), nickel(II), iron(II)) on the degree of polymerization and the resulting molecular weight were evaluated. Elaborated reaction conditions allow easy access to high-molecular-weight iron(II) coordination polymers via self-organization. The polymers were characterized in detail utilizing 1H NMR, UV/vis spectroscopy, MALDI-TOF-MS, and viscosity measurements. The molecular weight was estimated on the basis of concentration-dependent viscosity measurements to about 80 000 g/mol. Furthermore, the morphology of the utilized telechelic bis(2,2':6',2''-terpyrid-4'-yl)-poly(ethylene oxide)179 and the corresponding coordination polymer was investigated using atomic force microscopy. In particular, the influence of complex formation on the morphology was investigated.
Interfacial electronic traps in surface controlled transistors

Carrier recombination at interfacial electronic traps under a surface controlling gate electrode is analyzed using the Shockley-Reed-Hall steady-state recombination kinetics to provide a theoretical basis for quantifying the direct-current current-voltage (DCIV) method for monitoring and diagnosis of MOS transistor reliability, design, and manufacturing processes. Analytical expressions for DCIV lineshape, linewidth, peak gate-voltage and peak amplitude are derived for the determination of interface trap densities, energy level, and spatial location. DCIV peaks in the intrinsic to flat band gate-voltage range originate from carrier recombination at interface traps located over the channel region. Additional peaks in the surface accumulation gate-voltage range originate from interface traps covering the gated p-n-junction space-charge region. Effects on the DCIV line shape from minority carrier injection level and diffusion are described. Examples are given for the determination of the quantum density of states of process-residual interface traps of unstressed MOS transistors as well as hot-carrier-generated interface traps of stressed MOS transistors.
Universal Synthesis of Single-Phase Pyrite FeS2 Nanoparticles, Nanowires, and Nanosheets

Nanoscale pyrite FeS2 is considered to be one of few potentially transformative materials for photovoltaics capable of bridging the cost/performance gap of solar batteries. It also holds promise for energy storage applications as the material for high-performance cathodes. Despite prospects, the synthesis of FeS2 nanostructures and diversity of their geometries has been hardly studied. Moreover, the state-of-the-art aqueous dispersions of nanoscale pyrite, which have special significance for solar energetics, are particularly disappointing due to low quality. There are no known methods to produce well-crystallized nanoparticles and other geometries of nanoscale pyrite in water or mixed aqueous solvents. Here, we describe a successful synthesis of single-phase pyrite nanoparticles with a diameter of 2–5 nm in polar solvent and aqueous dispersions. The particles display high uniformity and crystallographic purity. Moreover, the synthetic approach developed for nanoparticles was proven to be quite universal .
Photometric analysis of trace amounts of hydrazine with p-dimethylamino- benzaldehyde. Chemical equilibria. Part II'

An equilibrium scheme is proposed for aqueous acid solutions containing hydrazine, p-di-methylaminobenzaldehyde and p-dimethylaminobenzaldazine. The quinoidal cation form of the latter has an absorbance peak at 455 mμ, for which (±2.1%). In 0.4 m to 1 m H+, 10−5 m benzaldazine is practically all in the quinoidal cation form. The acid attenuation of absorbance at 455 mμ is caused by protonation of the dimethylamino group of unreacted aldehyde. Semiquantitative equilibrium data are presented for the reaction between hydrazine and p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde.
Decoloration and Gel-forming Ability of Horse Mackerel Mince by Air-flotation Washing

ABSTRACT: The decoloration effects and gel-forming ability of horse mackerel mince by air-flotation washing (AFW) was investigated. The lowest residual myoglobin content (RMb) and relative fluorescence intensity (RFI), the highest metmyoglobin (metMb) content and best decoloration effects were recorded for the mince washed with AFW. AFW also effectively improved gel strength in heated surimi. No significant difference in RMb was found when mince was treated with flotation washing using nitrogen, air and ozone. Although the highest metMb content and the lowest RFI were found for the mince washed with ozone, significant differences in whiteness were observed only when the mince was treated with a different gas at 10 or 20 L/min for 5 to 10 min. The physical removal of myoglobin was suggested to be the main factor contributing to accelerated decoloration with AFW.
New chaetoglobosins from maize infested by Phomopsis leptostromiformis fungi. Production, identification, and semi‐synthesis

This paper deals with the cytotoxic chaetoglobosins obtained from culture on maize of the strains ATCC 26115 and MRC 2654 of the fungus Phomopsis leptostromiformis . Both strains produced, in more or less important amounts, the known chaetoglobosins M (1 )a nd N( 2). In addition, the new chaetoglobosin O (3), was isolated from the ATCC 26115 strain and characterized by HRMS and 2D NMR experiments. With the MRC 2654 strain, a fungal metabolite 4, more polar than the chaetoglobosins M and N, was extracted and purified. Spectroscopic and chromatographic data of metabolite 4 led to its identification to the bridged chaetoglobosin named compound S, which previously has been obtained by intramolecular Michael reaction on the chaetoglobosin M. Moreover, a methylation under Williamson conditions of the chaetoglobosin 4 resulted in the formation of the trimethylated chaetoglobosin 5.
Rapid Room-Temperature Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystals of a Prototypical Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework

Simply reacting Zn(NO3)2·6H2O with an excess of 2-methylimidazole in methanol at room temperature yields well-shaped nanocrystals of ZIF-8 with a narrow size distribution. The rapid growth has been monitored by time-resolved static light scattering. Nanoscale ZIF-8 powder is microporous and thermally stable up to ca. 200 °C.
SURE-Based Filter For Flame Detection

Flame detection is very important in fire alarm systems. To detect the flame or fire correctly its features should be extracted. Feature extraction will be correct only if we remove the noise from the flame image. We propose a SURE- based filter for removing the noise. It is a linear filter that preserves the edges of images and thus keeps the fine details and geometrical structure of the image. After the noise removal the features like optical mass transport and non smooth data of flame are extracted. These features are compared with the initially trained flame features and confirmed whether the input frame contains flame or not. Experimental results shows that noise removal is very effective and the detection of flame is very easy.
A two-stage opinion formation model based on the extended XY-magnet interaction and socio-dynamic update mechanism

We introduce herein a two stage model of opinion formation in a community of individuals which share strong interests within a permanent pair, and attend also a persuasion social process with others to finalize their attitudes. In the first step, individuals behave as member of their couples and seek to optimize respective satisfaction. Then, they modify their attitudes inherited from the first stage throughout a persuasion process and social influence. The first stage consists in an extension of a classical XY magnet model, and the calculation in this step are performed using statistical mechanics tools. At the end of this phase, each opinion agent has adapted its support Ox for the issue F and the agreement within their pair O = |O1 + O2|. The evaluated quantities Ox(i) depend on the magnetic-like system parameters J, T, F and on the extra parameter α(i) which embodies the dissimilarity of the system utility from the reference Hamiltonian. The set {Ox(i), O(i)} represents the opinion state of the community straightaway after the first stage, and is presented hereto with respective histogram. We observed that histograms of Ox(i) approximate to q-Gaussian distributions for moderate F/T ratio, and approaches to power law distributions for low F/T ratio. The histograms of the inner agreement O(i) do not fit well to a given distribution, and therefore, the social comportment which we identify hereto with this set, is not a stationary quantity under this approach. Next, the opinion quantities Ox(i) will pursue an update course as result of the persuasion process and social influence. We performed the calculation based on Deffuant and Heglesman models by using Ox(αi)F,J,T as initial opinion values. We observed that the final opinion fragmentation resulted lower than when using standard assumptions of those models and also, the time to consensus was shorter. Next, for the special case where there are only two output final opinion values, the lower one needs more iteration time steps to converge. In our approach, usually the lowest level opinion converge slower than higher ones. Finally, we have implemented a modified preferential attachment model to realize a network of the linked nodes based on the opinions Ox inherited from the early stage. We acknowledged the power law distribution of the grades of nodes, but in our case there are no disturbances in the queue of the histogram, which are common in the standard simulation for such networking process. As conclusion, having regard to every aspect and specifics, we believe that the proposed model would help on the understanding of the complexity of social conduct.
Modeling halogen chemistry in the marine boundary layer - 1. Cloud-free MBL

[1] A numerical one-dimensional model of the marine boundary layer (MBL) is presented. It includes chemical reactions in the gas phase and aerosol particles, focusing on the reaction cycles of halogen compounds. Results of earlier box model studies were confirmed. They showed the acid-catalyzed activation of bromine from sea salt aerosol, and the role of halogen radicals in the destruction of O3. A distinct diurnal variation in BrO mixing ratios with maxima at sunrise and sunset was found which might be the cause of the recently published “sunrise ozone destruction. ” Maxima of BrO and sea salt acidity are predicted at the top of the MBL and not close to the sea surface where sea salt spray is produced. The presence of sulfate aerosol was found to be important for the recycling of less reactive to photolyzable bromine species. Day/night and seasonal differences in halogen chemistry are shown.
Biodegradable soft elastomers: synthesis/properties of materials and fabrication of scaffolds

Recently there have been increasing research efforts in the development of elastomeric biomaterials with desirable biocompatibility, degradation profiles and mechanical properties for use in soft tissue engineering. This review provides an update on the progresses of developing biodegradable, soft elastomeric biomaterials and their tissue engineering scaffolding techniques. Following a brief review on traditional thermoplastic elastomers, including polyurethane (PU), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) and aliphatic copolyesters, detailed review is devoted to the synthesis, properties and scaffold fabrication of recently developed soft, biodegradable elastomers, including poly(polyol sebacate) (PPS), PPS-based elastomers, and citric-acid based elastomers. Although biodegradable, soft elastomeric biomaterials have advantages (compliant and biodegradable), this review also identified a number of issues associated with these elastomers, including cytotoxicity, rapid in vivo degradation rates, and poor reproducibility. Future research directions are discussed to address these issues.
Comparative determination of trace elements from Allium sativum, Rheum australe and Terminalia chebula by atomic absorption spectroscopy

In present study the bulb of Allium sativum, root of Rheum australe and fruit of Terminalia chebula were selected for trace elements analysis by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The plant samples were digested with concentrated Nitric acid (HNO3) and concentrated Perchloric acid (HClO4). The analysis for trace elements in the sampled plants indicated that Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Copper, Zinc, Iron, Cobalt, Manganese, and Lead were present in all samples of all selected plant species at different levels which play a vital role in cure of diseases. The results of the present study provide justification for the usage of these plants in daily diet for nutrition as well as for medicinal usage in the treatment of different diseases. Toxic element Pb were also found but at low concentration. These results can give the importance about these plants and used to set new standards for prescribing the dosage of the herbal drugs prepared from these plant materials in herbal remedies and in pharmaceutical companies.
Chemical Compositions of African Trade Bracelets (Manillas) via Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence

Sixteen small, west African trade bracelets called manillas, and one large, African trade bracelet referred to as a king manilla based on its size, were analyzed via energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometry and compared for the following elements: copper, zinc, tin, lead, antimony, and arsenic. The composition of the bracelets varied widely in the amount of lead present, especially when compared to the official amounts of lead allowed by the various manufacturing concerns. The king manilla showed a markedly different chemistry than the sixteen smaller manillas, consistent with the belief such large manillas were not manufactured in the same location as the small.
Origin of open circuit voltage in planar and bulk heterojunction organic thin-film photovoltaics depending on doped transport layers

The aim of this article is to investigate the origin of the open circuit voltage (Voc) in organic heterojunction solar cells. The studied devices consist of buckminsterfullerene C60 as acceptor material and an oligophenyl-derivative 4,4′-bis-(N,N-diphenylamino)quaterphenyl (4P-TPD) as donor material. These photoactive materials are sandwiched between indium tin oxide and p-doped hole transport layers. Using two different p-doped hole transport layers, the built-in voltage of the solar cells is independently changed from the metal contacts. The influence of the built-in voltage on the Voc is investigated in bulk and planar heterojunctions. In bulk heterojunctions, in which doped transport layers border directly on the photoactive blend layer, Voc cannot exceed the built-in voltage significantly. Though, in planar heterojunctions, Voc is identical with the splitting of quasi-Fermi levels at the donor-acceptor interface and is thus primarily determined by the difference of the lowest unoccupied molecular orb.
Degradation of Some Organophosphorous Pesticides under Different Field Conditions

HPLC procedure for the determination of methylparathion and malathion in radish, carrot and the soil has been developed to measure the decay pattern of the pesticides in three different seasons winter, summer and post-monsoon. The pesticide was extracted and chromatographed on a μ bondapak RP-C18 column using a mixture of acetonitrile and water and detected using an ultraviolet detector. The decay in winter and post-monsoon is linear while in summer two distinct profiles are observed. The degadation is faster in summer than the other two seasons. There are no significant differences in the degradation pattern of the pesticides on the two plants. The rate is faster in soil than on the plants. These results present a data base depicting the effect of temperature and humidity on the degeneration of pesticides on plants and in soil.
Role of Foliar Application of Nicotinic Acid and Tryptophan on Onion Plants Response to Salinity Stress

This experiment was conducted at the National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt during 2006 and 2007 winter season to evaluate the effects of spraying with tryptophan (TP) and nicotinic acids (NA) on onion plants grown under varying degree of salinity stress (irrigation water with 3000 and 6000 ppm salinity) as compared to tap water (300 ppm) irrigation. Irrigation by high salinity water decreased the number of leaves, mean bulb diameter, fresh and dry weight of bulb and whole plant. Foliar application of TP and NA significantly increased the top height and fresh weight, and bulb dry weight. The above beneficial effects were greater in the plants sprayed with NA as compared to those of the plants received TP spray. At the lower salinity level (3000 ppm), TP was more effective than NA in mitigating the negative effects of salinity stress. At the high salinity stress (6000 ppm), however, the converse was evident. The electrolyte leakage (EL) was not influenced by 3000 ppm salinity irrigation water as compared to that of the plants which received tap water (300 ppm) irrigations. However, it increased significantly in the plants irrigated by 6000 ppm salinity water. Lipid peroxidation (LP) and EL were significantly lower in the plants sprayed with TP or tapwater. In addition, spraying of NA or TP increased the plant growth and biomass weight. Therefore, the above foliar sprays appear to mitigate the negative effects of increased salinity.
Determination of Bioactive Components of Cistanche deserticola (Roucongrong) by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array and Mass Spectrometry Detectors

Cistanche deserticola (Orobanchaceae) has been widely used in China for food and medicinal purposes. Chemical differentiation between the raw and steamed C. deserticola was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and mass spectrometry. Eight chemicals (echinacoside, cistanoside A, acteoside, cistanoside C, 2′-acetylacteoside, isoacteoside, isocistanoside C, and tubuloside B) were obtained from raw and steamed C. deserticola, and the kinetics in the steaming process were investigated in detail. When the steaming time increased, the concentrations of echinacoside, cistanoside A, acteoside, cistanoside C, and 2′-acetylacteoside decreased, while the levels of isoacteoside, isocistanoside C, and tubuloside B increased. Furthermore, two compounds, 5-hydroxymaltol and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, were found only in the steamed form. In addition, hierarchical clustering analysis and principal component analysis were performed to evaluate the classify the chemical concentrations among steamed C. deserticola. The results showed that steaming had a significant influence on the chemical constitution. The study provide chemical analysis of raw and steamed C. deserticola, including possible transformation pathways, and should allow better understanding of the steaming process of this herb.