Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The structure of the hexamolybdoperiodate anion in its potassium salt

Ks[IMo6024]. 5H20, P i , a = 10.084 (1), b = 17.593(2), c = 7.692(1) A, a = 95.07(1), fl = 91.38 (1), y = 82.45 (1) °, U = 1347-5 (2) A 3, FW = 1372.10, Z = 2, D m = 3.37, D x = 3.42 Mg m -3, a = 4.375 mm -1 (for Mo Ka). The [IMo6024] 5anion has been found to be a typical Anderson-type heteropolyanion and has approximate 3m symmetry. The meta l oxygen bond lengths in this anion and in [TeMo6024] 6show the difference between the 17+-O and Te6+-O bond strengths. 0567-7408/80/030661-04501.00 Introduction. Many Keggin-type heteropolyanions have been studied; there is also another group of heteropolyanions called the Anderson type (Anderson, 1937). The latter type of polyanion consists of seven octahedra sharing edges with one another. Six Mo octahedra are arranged hexagonally around the octahedron containing the heteroatom. A number of examples of the preparations of Anderson-type polyanions have been reported (Gmelins Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemic, © 1980 International Union of Crystallography 662 THE HEXAMOLYBDOPERIODATE ANION IN ITS POTASSIUM SALT 1935), but fewer structural studies have been carried out (Evans, 1974; Perloff, 1970). The present structure was originally proposed by Anderson (1937) for this [IMo6024] 5anion. This paper reports its structure determination and the structure is compared with that of [TeMotO24 ]6-. Preparations of the periodatomolybdates have been described by Blomstrand (1892). The intensities of the reflections were measured with a Rigaku automatic four-circle diffractometer (graphite monochromator, Mo Ka radiation, w--20 scan technique) up to 20 = 65 ° . The intensities of 6627 observed independent reflections, with IFol > 3tr(IFol), were used for the structure determination. The dimensions of the crystal were 0.3 × 0-1 x 0.05 mm. The structure was solved by the heavy-atom method, except for the H atoms, and refined by the block-diagonal least-squares method. Calculations were performed with a local version of UNICS (Sakurai, 1967) on a HITAC 8800/8700 computer at the Computer Centre of the University of Tokyo. Anisotropic temperature factors were used for all the non-hydrogen atoms. Atomic scattering factors and corrections for anomalous scattering were taken from International Tables for X-ray Crystallography (1974). No absorption correction was made. The function minimized was ~ w(IFol IFcl) 2, where w = l/(a + IFol + clFo 12) with a = 43.03 and c = 0.00469 estimated experimentally according to Cruickshank (1970), for IFol > 21.0, and w = 0.122 for others. The final R values are Rw(F) = 0.050 and R(F) = 0.047, where R w ( F ) --~ wilFol -IFcll/~ WlFol and R ( F ) --X IIFolIF
Cortical thickness in Parkinson's disease: a coordinate-based meta-analysis

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common age-related neurodegenerative disease that affects the structural architecture of the cerebral cortex. Cortical thickness (CTh) via surface-based morphometry (SBM) analysis is a popular measure to assess brain structural alterations in the gray matter in PD. However, the results of CTh analysis in PD lack consistency and have not been systematically reviewed. We conducted a comprehensive coordinate-based meta-analysis (CBMA) of 38 CTh studies (57 comparison datasets) in 1,843 patients with PD using the latest seed-based d mapping software. Compared with 1,172 healthy controls, no significantly consistent CTh alterations were found in patients with PD, suggesting CTh as an unreliable neuroimaging marker for PD. The lack of consistent CTh alterations in PD could be ascribed to the heterogeneity in clinical populations, variations in imaging methods, and underpowered small sample sizes. These results highlight the need to control for potential confounding factors to produce robust and reproducible CTh results in PD.
Microbiota modulates gut immunity and promotes baculovirus infection in Helicoverpa armigera

Baculoviruses are natural enemies of agricultural and forest insect pests and play an important role in biological pest control. Oral infection by baculovirus in the insect midgut is necessary for establishing systemic infection and eventually killing the insect. Since the insect midgut continuously encounters microbiota, the gut microbiota could affect baculovirus infection. Here, we demonstrated that gut microbiota modulates immune responses and promotes baculovirus infection in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera. After oral infection, numerous host immunity‐related genes including genes encoding Toll and immune deficiency (IMD) pathway components were upregulated in the midgut. Elimination of the gut microbiota significantly increased the resistance to viral infection in H. armigera. Quantitative real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and proteomic analysis showed that downregulation of the antiviral factor prophenoloxidase (PPO) could be mediated by microbiota during infection. It implied that midgut microbiota diminishes the expression of PPO to facilitate viral infection in H. armigera. Our findings revealed that the microbiota plays an important role in modulating the resistance of H. armigera to baculovirus infection, providing new insights in applying biopesticide.
Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory, approach-affect and avoidance-affect

ABSTRACT This paper brings together Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory and other perspectives on wellbeing to test predictions about dimensions of affect which are linked to approach motivation or avoidance motivation. Valence and activation are jointly conceptualised as either approach-affect or avoidance-affect through the diagonal axes of an affective circumplex. Across four studies in three different countries, predictions about Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory’s Behavioural Activation System, Behavioural Inhibition System and Fight-Flight-Freeze System are found to be supported. Correlations with external variables are shown to depend on a wellbeing measure’s emphasis on approach or avoidance, such that affect and external features which both emphasise motivation to approach or to avoid yield substantially larger intercorrelations than do non-concordant pairs. In addition, joining valence with activation is shown to yield correlational benefits as predicted. Implications of our perspective and operationalisation are reviewed, and specific research recommendations are made.
Spatially restricted inhibition of cholinergic interneurons in the dorsolateral striatum encourages behavioral exploration

When pursuing desirable outcomes, one must make the decision between exploring possible actions to obtain those outcomes and exploiting known strategies to maximize efficiency. The dorsolateral striatum (DLS) has been extensively studied with respect to how actions can develop into habits and has also been implicated as an area involved in governing exploitative behavior. Surprisingly, prior work has shown that DLS cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) are not involved in the canonical habit formation function ascribed to the DLS but are instead modulators of behavioral flexibility after initial learning. To further probe this, we evaluated the role of DLS ChIs in behavioral exploration during a brief instrumental training experiment. Through designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) in ChAT‐Cre rats, ChIs in the DLS were inhibited during specific phases of the experiment: instrumental training, free‐reward delivery, at both times, or never. Without ChI activity during instrumental training, animals biased their responding toward an “optimal” strategy while continuing to work efficiently. This effect was observed again when contingencies were removed as animals with ChIs offline during that phase, regardless of ChI inhibition previously, decreased responding more than animals with ChIs intact. These findings build upon a growing body of literature implicating ChIs in the striatum as gate‐keepers of behavioral flexibility and exploration.
Post-lingual deaf adult cochlear implant users' speech and voice characteristics: cochlear implant turned-on versus turned-off

Abstract Background A time-period of turning off cochlear implant (CI) might affect the speech and voice features of the CI users due to loss of auditory feedback monitoring. Objectives To evaluate Persian-speaking CI users' speech and voice parameters in a device-on/off experiment. Material and methods Forty-eight Persian-speaking adults with post-linguistic deafness who had received a unilateral CI and 50 normally-hearing counterparts were recruited. All CI users had to fulfill three phases of speech sampling, including the device-on, device-off (a 5-hourly period), and once again device-on phase. Their Fundamental frequency, Jitter, Shimmer, Harmonics-to-noise ratio, hyper-nasality score, and the percentage of speech intelligibility were assessed for both groups. Results The findings revealed that the CI-on/off conditions significantly changed cochlear implanted participants' F0, Shimmer, HNR, and hyper-nasality values. However, no statistical differences were observed in Jitter and the percentage of speech intelligibility between the CI and control groups. Conclusions A short-term auditory deprivation in CI recipients could degrade the speech and voice quality in CI users, so that could change the quality of their speech resonance into hyper-nasality. However, when the CIs were turned on again, the quality of their speech and voice returned to normal-sounding.
Determination of Adenine and Guanine by a Dopamine-Melanin Nanosphere–Polyaniline Nanocomposite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

ABSTRACT A novel electrochemical sensor has been developed for guanine and adenine determination based on a dopamine-melanin nanosphere/polyaniline nanocomposite. The nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. The oxidations of guanine and adenine were studied by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The modified electrode exhibited favorable electrocatalytic activity and stability for the simultaneous determination of guanine and adenine. The sensor showed long linear dynamic ranges from 0.05 to 100 µM with limits of detection of 0.01 µM and 0.008 µM for guanine and adenine, respectively. The fabricated electrode was used to determine guanine and adenine in denatured DNA, demonstrating its potential application as an electrochemical sensor.
Excessive fibroblast growth factor 23 promotes renal fibrosis in mice with type 2 cardiorenal syndrome

Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) has a high mortality, but its pathogenesis remains elusive. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is increased in both renal dysfunction and cardiac dysfunction, and FGF receptor 4 (FGFR4) has been identified as a receptor for FGF23. Deficiency of FGF23 causes growth retardation and shortens the lifespan, but it is unclear whether excess FGF23 is detrimental in CRS. This study sought to investigate whether FGF23 plays an important role in CRS-induced renal fibrosis. A mouse model of CRS was created by surgical myocardial infarction for 12 weeks. CRS mice showed a significant increase of circulatory and renal FGF23 protein levels, as well as an upregulation of p-GSK, active-β-catenin, TGF-β, collagen I and vimentin, a downregulation of renal Klotho expression and induction of cardiorenal dysfunction and cardiorenal fibrosis. These changes were enhanced by cardiac overexpression of FGF23 and attenuated by FGF receptor blocker PD173074 or β-catenin blocker IGC001. In fibroblasts (NRK-49F), expression of FGFR4 rather than Klotho was detected. Recombinant FGF23 upregulated the expression of p-GSK, active-β-catenin, TGF-β, collagen I and vimentin proteins. These changes were attenuated by FGFR4 blockade with BLU9931 or β-catenin blockade with IGC001. We concluded that FGF23 promotes CRS-induced renal fibrosis mediated by partly activating FGFR4/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in dry sausage fermented by probiotic lactic acid bacteria

Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, L rhamnosus E-97800, L rhamnosus LC-705 and commercial Pediococcus pentosaceus were studied for their ability to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in dry sausage. The strains were able to produce technologically high-quality dry sausage. The number of E coli O157:H7 decreased from approximately 5 to approximately 2 log cfu g−1 It was concluded that the above-mentioned strains and the commercial culture were equally effective in inhibiting E coli O157:H7. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
Physical activity levels among ovarian cancer survivors: a prospective longitudinal cohort study

Objective Physical activity following cancer diagnosis is associated with improved outcomes, including potential survival benefits, yet physical activity levels among common cancer types tend to decrease following diagnosis and remain low. Physical activity levels following diagnosis of less common cancers, such as ovarian cancer, are less known. The objectives of this study were to describe physical activity levels and to explore characteristics associated with physical activity levels in women with ovarian cancer from pre-diagnosis to 2 years post-diagnosis. Methods As part of a prospective longitudinal study, physical activity levels of women with ovarian cancer were assessed at multiple time points between pre-diagnosis and 2 years post-diagnosis. Physical activity levels and change in physical activity were described using metabolic equivalent task hours and minutes per week, and categorically (sedentary, insufficiently, or sufficiently active). Generalized Estimating Equations were used to explore whether participant characteristics were related to physical activity levels. Results A total of 110 women with ovarian cancer with a median age of 62 years (range 33–88) at diagnosis were included. 53–57% of the women were sufficiently active post-diagnosis, although average physical activity levels for the cohort were below recommended levels throughout the 2-year follow-up period (120–142.5min/week). A decrease or no change in post-diagnosis physical activity was reported by 44–60% of women compared with pre-diagnosis physical activity levels. Women diagnosed with stage IV disease, those earning a lower income, those receiving chemotherapy, and those currently smoking or working were more likely to report lower physical activity levels and had increased odds of being insufficiently active or sedentary. Conclusions Interventions providing patients with appropriate physical activity advice and support for behavior change could potentially improve physical activity levels and health outcomes.
Heterotypic interactions in amyloid function and disease

Amyloid aggregation results from the self‐assembly of identical aggregation‐prone sequences into cross‐beta‐sheet structures. The process is best known for its association with a wide range of human pathologies but also as a functional mechanism in all kingdoms of life. Less well elucidated is the role of heterotypic interactions between amyloids and other proteins and macromolecules and how this contributes to disease. We here review current data with a focus on neurodegenerative amyloid‐associated diseases. Evidence indicates that heterotypic interactions occur in a wide range of amyloid processes and that these interactions modify fundamental aspects of amyloid aggregation including seeding, aggregation rates and toxicity. More work is required to understand the mechanistic origin of these interactions, but current understanding suggests that both supersaturation and sequence‐specific binding can contribute to heterotypic amyloid interactions. Further unravelling these mechanisms may help to answer outstanding questions in the field including the selective vulnerability of cells types and tissues and the stereotypical spreading patterns of amyloids in disease.
Silver ion doped hydroxyapatite-coated titanium pins prevent bacterial colonization

Objectives This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of silver ion doped calcium phosphate-based ceramic nano powder-coated titanium pins in preventing bacterial colonization. Materials and methods A total of 66 titanium pins were divided into three groups of 22 implants. The first group was coated with silver ion doped calcium phosphate-based ceramic powder by using electrospray method. The second group was coated with pure hydroxyapatite (HA), and the remaining pins were used without any coating. The remaining 22 pins were used without any coating. Staphylococcus epidermidis clinical isolate was used for the study. Each pin was placed in 1¥104 CFU/mL bacterial suspension containing tube and at 24 h quantitative culture of bacteria on the broth and on the pins were performed. Free silver ions were determined by atomic absorption method. The antibacterial culture tests were repeated on Day 2 and Weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8. Results Bacterial growth was statistically higher in broth containing uncoated pins, compared to broth media containing silver ion doped HA-coated, and pure HA-coated pins at 24 h (p=0.036 and p=0.009, respectively). The release of bacteria from silver doped HA-coated pins was statistically less, compared to pure HA-coated pins and uncoated pins (p=0.039 and p=0.002, respectively). No significant differences were observed between the HA-coated and uncoated pin groups. Minimum inhibitory concentration levels for silver ion doped powder was 8 μg/mL for coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. No free silver ions were detected in the broth media. Conclusion Silver ion doped nano size calcium phosphate-based powder-coated titanium pins reduced the bacterial colonization significantly. Using silver ion doped materials in the body can be a good option to prevent from implant related infections.
Hybrid Ubiquitous Coaching With a Novel Combination of Mobile and Holographic Conversational Agents Targeting Adherence to Home Exercises: Four Design and Evaluation Studies

Background Effective treatments for various conditions such as obesity, cardiac heart diseases, or low back pain require not only personal on-site coaching sessions by health care experts but also a significant amount of home exercises. However, nonadherence to home exercises is still a serious problem as it leads to increased costs due to prolonged treatments. Objective To improve adherence to home exercises, we propose, implement, and assess the novel coaching concept of hybrid ubiquitous coaching (HUC). In HUC, health care experts are complemented by a conversational agent (CA) that delivers psychoeducation and personalized motivational messages via a smartphone, as well as real-time exercise support, monitoring, and feedback in a hands-free augmented reality environment. Methods We applied HUC to the field of physiotherapy and conducted 4 design-and-evaluate loops with an interdisciplinary team to assess how HUC is perceived by patients and physiotherapists and whether HUC leads to treatment adherence. A first version of HUC was evaluated by 35 physiotherapy patients in a lab setting to identify patients’ perceptions of HUC. In addition, 11 physiotherapists were interviewed about HUC and assessed whether the CA could help them build up a working alliance with their patients. A second version was then tested by 15 patients in a within-subject experiment to identify the ability of HUC to address adherence and to build a working alliance between the patient and the CA. Finally, a 4-week n-of-1 trial was conducted with 1 patient to show one experience with HUC in depth and thereby potentially reveal real-world benefits and challenges. Results Patients perceived HUC to be useful, easy to use, and enjoyable, preferred it to state-of-the-art approaches, and expressed their intentions to use it. Moreover, patients built a working alliance with the CA. Physiotherapists saw a relative advantage of HUC compared to current approaches but initially did not see the potential in terms of a working alliance, which changed after seeing the results of HUC in the field. Qualitative feedback from patients indicated that they enjoyed doing the exercise with an augmented reality–based CA and understood better how to do the exercise correctly with HUC. Moreover, physiotherapists highlighted that HUC would be helpful to use in the therapy process. The longitudinal field study resulted in an adherence rate of 92% (11/12 sessions; 330/360 repetitions; 33/36 sets) and a substantial increase in exercise accuracy during the 4 weeks. Conclusions The overall positive assessments from both patients and health care experts suggest that HUC is a promising tool to be applied in various disorders with a relevant set of home exercises. Future research, however, must implement a variety of exercises and test HUC with patients suffering from different disorders.
Relationships between Electromyography, Sensory and Instrumental Measures of Cheddar Cheese Texture

Cheddar cheeses with a wide range of textural characteristics were differentiated using electromyography (EMG), quantitative descriptive profiling and Instron deformation measurements. Two principal components, accounting for 54% and 24% of the variance in sensory scores respectively, were identified: (1) soft/smooth and hard/coarse, and (2) sticky/mouthcoating and rubbery/chewy. All measured Instron variables discriminated among cheeses and were good predictors of sensory scores. EMG traces of masticatory muscle activity were unique for each subject for different samples, so prediction of sensory perceptions from these data were subject dependent. Correlations between EMG and Instron measurements were observed, but were not consistent from one subject to another.
The front line of defence: a meta-analysis of apoplastic proteases in plant immunity

Abstract Secreted proteases act at the front line of defence and play pivotal roles in disease resistance. However, the criteria for apoplastic immune proteases are not always defined and followed. Here, we critically reviewed 46 apoplastic proteases that function in plant defence. We found that most apoplastic immune proteases are induced upon infection, and 17 proteases are genetically required for the immune response. Proteolytic activity has been confirmed for most of the proteases but is rarely shown to be required for biological function, and the apoplastic location of proteases can be subjective and dynamic. Pathogen-derived inhibitors have only been described for cysteine and serine proteases, and the selection pressure acting on immune proteases is rarely investigated. We discuss six different mechanisms by which these proteases mediate plant immunity and summarize the challenges for future research.