Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Matagorda 1870-1940. La construccion naval española contemporanea

La investigacion es un recorrido historico por los hechos mas destacados de la construccion naval espanola contemporanea y la navegacion durante los anos de referencia. Planteamos este estudio en el caso paradigmatico de matagorda, una factoria naval privada en el marco de la bahia de cadiz donde convergen los intereses de los potentes comillas - a. Lopez, primer marques, y claudio lopez bru, su hijo y heredero - : la cabecera de linea de varios recorridos de su compania trasatlantica, el trafico americano con base en cadiz, particularmente el del correo oficial, y la necesidad de un departamento maritimo en el que mantener el buen estado de su flota e iniciar, como sucedio, la construccion de sus propias unidades. Dividimos el periodo en dos tramos, de 1870 a 1914 y de 1914 a 1940. La division responde, ademas de a otros factores, al contrato de cesion firmado ese ano entre sus fundadores, los comillas, y la novisima y poderosa sociedad espanola de construccion naval, germen de los actuales astilleros espanoles s.A. , nacida en 1908 a la sombra del programa naval maura-ferrandiz, espaldarazo definitivo a la politica navalista desplegada desde la perdida de cuba. En ambos casos desarrollamos un esquema similar: analisis de situacion de sector, creacion, organizacion y valoracion de nuestra empresa en el conjunto, analisis del proceso industrial y de las construcciones y por ultimo, y en sendos casos, la composicion, las condiciones y la evolucion de la maestranza. Esto nos proporciona un recorrido por los problemas basicos de esta industria, que a nuestro juicio son la debilidad del sector, la doble dependencia (tecnologica respecto al exterior y de demanda respecto al sector publico) y el atraso general de la industria espanola.
Chromosome 20 Aberrations at the Diploid-Aneuploid Transition in Sporadic Colorectal Cancer

DNA aneuploid sublines in sporadic colorectal cancers (CRCs) are quite frequent (about 85%) and likely the consequence of chromosomal instability and DNA copy number aberrations (CNAs). In order to gain insight into the mechanisms of the diploid-aneuploid transition in CRCs, we compared the CNA status in both diploid and aneuploid sublines. We used fresh/frozen material from 17 aneuploid CRCs, which was separated into 17 DNA diploid and 17 aneuploid sublines using enrichment of the epithelial component by multiparameter flow cytometry and sorting. CNA status of both sublines was obtained by array comparative genomic hybridization. The DNA diploid sublines from the aneuploid CRCs showed already CNAs, in particular, gains at 20p and 20q. The same aberrations were detected at increased frequencies in the corresponding DNA aneuploid sublines. Moreover, the very frequent gains/losses of chromosomes 4, 7, 8, 13, 15, and 18 in the DNA aneuploid sublines were absent or rare in the DNA diploid sublines from the same sporadic aneuploid CRCs. The comparison of the DNA diploid and aneuploid sublines from aneuploid CRCs suggests that 20p and 20q gains may play a role in the diploid-aneuploid transition. The 20q chromosomal arm appears of particular interest since it harbors several genes implicated in chromosomal instability.
Rehabilitation of movement disorders.

UNLABELLED This self-directed learning module highlights several movement disorders. These include dystonia, chorea, tremors, and myoclonus. A description of the clinical presentation and associated disease processes is presented. Although the discussion on treatment focuses on pharmacologic intervention, surgical options are presented when appropriate. Other movement disorders (ie, parkinsonism) are discussed elsewhere in the Study Guide. OVERALL ARTICLE OBJECTIVES (a) To define the various symptoms and etiologies of dystonia; (b) to define chorea and its treatment; (c) to define tremors, including associated neurologic disorders, plus pharmacologic and potential surgical interventions; and (d) to describe the symptoms, classification, and treatment of primary and secondary myoclonus.
Measuring health-related quality of life in the clinical setting

Quality of life is recognized as an important health outcome and several measures of quality of life have been well validated for use in clinical trials and outcomes research. These measures could play an important role in routine clinical care, providing valuable information on physical functioning, emotional health and other outcomes of interest to patients and providers alike. The literature to date largely reports on how these measures might be used in clinical practice, with few published studies on actual experiences with their implementation. Barriers to the use of quality of life measures, such as cost and time of administration, may decrease thanks to a new generation of measurement methodologies and tools.
To prevent, protect and save the ischemic heart: antioxidants revisited

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) formation increases in the post-ischemic myocardium and represents a mechanism of post ischemic injury. ROS, which are formed during reperfusion, trigger lipid peroxidation, oxidize proteins and cause DNA strand breaks, all interfering with and potentially damaging normal cellular function. Oxidative stress is associated with poor recovery of left ventricular function after a sustained period of ischemia and, according to several studies, it contributes significantly to the acceleration of necrosis and thus extension of infarction, apoptosis, arrhythmiogenesis and endothelial dysfunction. Accordingly, targeting the generation of ROS with various antioxidants has been shown to improve left ventricular function after the restoration of flow. Apart from mechanical or pharmacological interventions that open the occluded artery, the heart has endogenous mechanisms of protection, called ischemic pre-conditioning and ischemic post-conditioning. Opening of the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels and subsequent generation of ROS is considered to be a pivotal step in the mechanisms of pre- and post-conditioning. Notably, ROS play an ambiguous role in the protection of myocardium and can be both effective and harmful. Thus, the role of antioxidants in the attenuation of the effects of pre-and post-conditioning in vivo remains controversial.
Approche paramétrique de bandits pour le test A/B

Cet article propose une methode pour optimiser l'ap-proche de bandits en utilisant un arbre decisionnel dans le contexte du test A/B. Il rappelle les problematiques que le test A/B rencontre et propose d'anticiper le comporte-ment d'un profil de visiteurs, afin d'orienter la strategie (proposer la meilleure variation au visiteur) du test selon ce comportement. Mots cles Methodes de bandits, personnalisation, clustering tempo-rel, test A/B, allocation dynamique. Abstract This paper proposes a new architectural model for A/B testing evaluation in multiple contexts. It exposes the global problematic of A/B testing when we want to manage several types of e-commerces. The goal of this paper is to provide a methode for optimize bandits approach using a decision tree.
Sistema de alerta temprana para terremotos: Una propuesta innovadora y económica basada en Smartphones

En este articulo se presenta una arquitectura innovadora y economica para un sistema de alerta temprana para terremotos basados en telefonos inteligentes o smartphones. Se propone una arquitectura jerarquica de tres capas que aprovecha las capacidades multi-sensor y multi-red de los telefonos inteligentes para conformar una red de seguridad publica que permita la deteccion de eventos sismicos de gran magnitud en tiempo real, y la alerta temprana de dicho evento al o los nucleos sociales involucrados. El objetivo principal de esta investigacion es proporcionar el tiempo requerido a los afectados por un terremoto, para que puedan tomar mejores decisiones y acciones que impliquen la mitigacion de los efectos daninos de un evento sismico de gran escala. Tambien se propone una gestion post evento que colabore con los procesos de respuesta y recuperacion. La validacion de la arquitectura se ha realizado por medio de una simulacion que toma como base la informacion sismica proporcionada por el Instituto Geofisico de la Escuela Politecnica Nacional del Ecuador (IGEPN), obteniendo importantes y prometedores resultados, alertando hasta con decenas de segundos de antelacion en el lugar del epicentro, reduciendo los falsos positivos, y pudiendo incrementar significativamente este tiempo en lugares mas alejados.
Predicting outcomes of lupus nephritis with tubulointerstitial inflammation and scarring

In lupus nephritis, glomerular injury correlates poorly with progression to renal failure. While the tubulointerstitium is also commonly involved, the importance of such involvement is not well defined. Therefore, we developed a simple method to assess the prognostic utility of measuring tubulointerstitial inflammation (TI).
Origin, development, and homeostasis of tissue‐resident macrophages

Macrophages are versatile cells of the hematopoietic system that display remarkable functional diversity encompassing innate immune responses, tissue development, and tissue homeostasis. Macrophages are present in almost all tissues of the body and display distinct location‐specific phenotypes and gene expression profiles. Recent studies also demonstrate distinct origins of tissue‐resident macrophages. This emerging picture of ontological, functional, and phenotypic heterogeneity within tissue macrophages has altered our understanding of these cells, which play important roles in many human diseases. In this review, we discuss the different origins of tissue macrophages, the transcription factors regulating their development, and the mechanisms underlying their homeostasis at steady state.
Application of microstrip photonic crystals to measurement of parameters of materials

Computer simulation and experimental investigation of transmission spectra of microstrip photonic crystals have been performed in the frequency band from 0 till 6 GHz. Good coincidence of the calculation results with experiment has been obtained. The possibility to use the microstrip photonic crystals for implementation of the method of measurement of parameters of materials has been shown.
Characterization of immunodominant epitopes of gag and pol gene-encoded proteins of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I

A series of synthetic peptides derived from the corresponding regions of the gag, pol, and env proteins of human T-cell lymphotropic virus types I (HTLV-I) and II (HTLV-II) were used in an enzyme immunoassay to map the immunodominant epitopes of HTLV. Serum specimens from 79 of 87 (91%) HTLV-I-infected patients reacted with the synthetic peptide Gag-1a (amino acids [a.a.] 102 to 117) derived from the C terminus of the p19gag protein of HTLV-I. Minimal cross-reactivity (11%) was observed with serum specimens from HTLV-II-infected patients. Peptide Pol-3, encoded by the pol region of HTLV-I (a.a. 487 to 502), reacted with serum specimens from both HTLV-I- and HTLV-II-infected patients (94 and 86%, respectively). The antibody levels to Pol-3 were significantly higher (P less than 0.01) in patients with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis than in either adult T-cell leukemia patients or HTLV-I-positive asymptomatic carriers. None of the other peptides studied demonstrated significant binding to serum specimens obtained from HTLV-I- or HTLV-II-infected individuals. While Gag-1a did not react with serum specimens from normal controls, Pol-3 demonstrated some reaction with specimens from seronegative individuals (11.4%). The antibodies to Gag-1a and Pol-3 in serum specimens from HTLV-I-infected patients could be specifically inhibited by the corresponding synthetic peptides and by a crude HTLV-I antigen preparation, indicating that these peptides mimic native epitopes present in HTLV-I proteins that are recognized by serum antibodies from HTLV-I- and -II-infected individuals.
Elevated soluble c-erbB-2 antigen levels in the serum and effusions of a proportion of breast cancer patients.

PURPOSE An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the extracellular domain of the c-erbB-2 oncogene product was developed and evaluated to determine if soluble c-erbB-2 could be detected in the serum and effusions of cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sera from 208 previously untreated or progressing cancer patients and 69 healthy controls were assayed in a double-antibody sandwich ELISA that used two monoclonal antibodies to the native extracellular domain of the c-erbB-2 receptor. Fisher's exact test was used to analyze the statistical significance of the frequency of elevated serum c-erbB-2 levels. Immunoprecipitation and Western blotting were used to characterize further the c-erbB-2 immunoreactivity in the serum of four breast cancer patients. RESULTS Sera from 12 of 53 patients (23%) with metastatic or locally advanced breast cancer, zero of 69 controls, one of 31 patients with ovarian cancer (3%), and two of 124 other cancer patients (2%) had soluble c-erbB-2 values greater than or equal to 5 U/mL. The number of breast cancer patients with elevated serum c-erbB-2 levels was significantly greater than that of the control group (P less than .0001), the ovarian cancer group (P less than .03), and the other cancers group (P less than .0001). Also, two of five effusions (40%) from breast cancer patients had an elevated soluble c-erbB-2 antigen level, compared with zero of 17 effusions from patients with benign diseases. Western blotting of four sera from breast cancer patients with elevated serum c-erbB-2 antigen levels produced bands of approximately 105 kD that seemed to correlate in intensity with increasing ELISA serum levels. CONCLUSION Serum c-erbB-2 levels are elevated in approximately one fourth of patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.
PopP1, a new member of the YopJ/AvrRxv family of type III effector proteins, acts as a host-specificity factor and modulates aggressiveness of Ralstonia solanacearum.

A functional analysis of an 11-kb-long region of the genome of the plant-pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum, previously identified as an alternative codon usage region (ACUR), reveals that it was probably acquired through horizontal gene transfer. This ACUR encodes an insertion sequence and eight potential proteins, one of which is partially homologous with a host-specificity factor from a plant-pathogenic Erwinia sp. , and another, PopP1, which is homologous to members of the YopJ/AvrRxv family of type III-secreted bacterial effectors controlling interaction between bacteria and their hosts. The analysis of mutants affecting all except one of the genes identified in the ACUR showed that only the popP1-deficient strain had an altered phenotype in plant infection tests. This mutant strain became pathogenic to a Petunia line that is resistant to the wild-type strain. Therefore, popP1 behaves as a typical avirulence gene. We demonstrate that PopP1 protein is secreted and that secretion of this protein requires a functional type III-secretion pathway. In contrast to the structural genes for other type III-secreted proteins identified in R. solanacearum, transcription of the popP1 gene is not coregulated with transcription of hrp genes but is constitutive.
Maximizing Energy Efficiency for Multiple DF Relay System with QoS Constraint

Multiple relays assisted transmission is an effective way to enhance the reliability of wireless communication network. However multiple relays joining in the transmission costs more energy and may reduce the energy efficiency of the system. In this paper, we investigate the energy efficiency performance of multiple decode-and-forward relays system under a quality of service constraint. In particular, we study a feedback-limited scenario where only the knowledge of average channel gain is available at the source. First, we define a tradeoff factor and based on it design a tradeoff mechanism between energy efficiency and outage probability. Second, we prove that the energy efficiency of the system is a piecewise strictly monotonic function of our tradeoff factor and has only one extreme value which is the global maximum. Third, by means of simulation we show that the numerical results perfectly match our theoretical analysis. In addition, we show that energy efficiency can achieve the extreme value under the loose QoS constraint.
Hypertensive heart disease. A complex syndrome or a hypertensive 'cardiomyopathy'?

Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The presence of hypertension more than doubles the risk for coronary heart disease, including acute myocardial infarction and sudden death, and more than triples the risk of congestive heart failure as well as strokes. Patients with high blood pressure frequently have abnormalities of cardiac structure or function, including left ventricular hypertrophy, systolic and diastolic dysfunction and in extreme cases, overt heart failure. There may also be concomitant or related coronary heart disease and an increased risk of arrhythmias and sudden death. Many of these factors are inter-related and their individual contributions are difficult to quantify. There is, however, some debate as to whether ‘hypertensive cardiomyopathy’ exists as a separate entity specific to hypertension. The term ‘cardiomyopathy’, however, would normally be reserved for intrinsic myocardial disease, where underlying causes such as hypertension and coronary artery disease have been excluded. Therefore, the preferred term should perhaps be ‘hypertensive heart disease’, and given the many mechanisms by which the heart may be abnormal in hypertension, the term ‘hypertensive heart disease’ is probably not so controversial. The purpose of this review is to describe the various mechanisms whereby the heart is abnormal in hypertension and to discuss the possibility of a discrete entity called hypertensive cardiomyopathy.
Multiscale Geostatistical Estimation of Gravel-Bed Roughness From Terrestrial and Airborne Laser Scanning

The aim of this study is to establish the link between the scaling behavior of gravel-bed roughness of Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) data. The fractal dimension calculated from the log-log variogram was used to represent the roughness at two gravel-bed sites with the extent of 6 m × 6 m. In situ digital surface models (DSMs) were generated from TLS. The 3-D point data were collected by ALS, which showed smoothed surfaces of the TLS counterparts. We used the regularization method to derive the variograms of the ALS footprint from the variograms of in situ DSMs and compared it with the variograms of ALS data in the directions of maximum and minimum continuity identified in the 2-D variogram surfaces. Our results confirm that the 2-D variogram surfaces of ALS data show similar anisotropy pattern as their respective TLS-derived DSMs. In addition, we demonstrate that the regularization method is able to establish the scaling relations between TLS-derived DSMs and the ALS data. The results will lead a better understanding of the scaling characteristics of the gravel-bed roughness on the change of measurement scale. To the best of our knowledge, this letter presents the first study of examining the grave-bed roughness of cluster bedforms derived from ALS data.
Dual Function of Mitochondrial Nm23-H4 Protein in Phosphotransfer and Intermembrane Lipid Transfer

Background: Nm23-H4 is a mitochondrial nucleoside diphosphate kinase that binds mitochondrial membranes. Results: Nm23-H4 interaction with GTPase OPA1 provides a local GTP supply; its interaction with anionic phospholipids inhibits kinase activity but allows intermembrane cardiolipin transfer and sensitizes for apoptosis. Conclusion: Nm23-H4 is a bifunctional switch operated by cardiolipin. Significance: The cardiolipin transfer property has various implications, e.g. for lipid metabolism and apoptosis. The nucleoside diphosphate kinase Nm23-H4/NDPK-D forms symmetrical hexameric complexes in the mitochondrial intermembrane space with phosphotransfer activity using mitochondrial ATP to regenerate nucleoside triphosphates. We demonstrate the complex formation between Nm23-H4 and mitochondrial GTPase OPA1 in rat liver, suggesting its involvement in local and direct GTP delivery. Similar to OPA1, Nm23-H4 is further known to strongly bind in vitro to anionic phospholipids, mainly cardiolipin, and in vivo to the inner mitochondrial membrane. We show here that such protein-lipid complexes inhibit nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity but are necessary for another function of Nm23-H4, selective intermembrane lipid transfer. Mitochondrial lipid distribution was analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry using HeLa cells expressing either wild-type Nm23-H4 or a membrane binding-deficient mutant at a site predicted based on molecular modeling to be crucial for cardiolipin binding and transfer mechanism. We found that wild type, but not the mutant enzyme, selectively increased the content of cardiolipin in the outer mitochondrial membrane, but the distribution of other more abundant phospholipids (e.g. phosphatidylcholine) remained unchanged. HeLa cells expressing the wild-type enzyme showed increased accumulation of Bax in mitochondria and were sensitized to rotenone-induced apoptosis as revealed by stimulated release of cytochrome c into the cytosol, elevated caspase 3/7 activity, and increased annexin V binding. Based on these data and molecular modeling, we propose that Nm23-H4 acts as a lipid-dependent mitochondrial switch with dual function in phosphotransfer serving local GTP supply and cardiolipin transfer for apoptotic signaling and putative other functions.
The Role of Recent Life Events in the Onset of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Abstract Although many investigations into the onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) suggest the occurrence of potential life events as triggering factors, such an association has not been well studied to date. The purpose of the present paper is to review the literature on OCD onset in order to determine whether OCD is triggered by recent life events, what specific events may serve as triggers, and the clinical and research implications of these factors. Overall, the available studies do not consistently support the theory that OCD is triggered by specific antecedent life events. However, there is a body of evidence to support the theory that the specific life events of pregnancy and birth of a child can trigger OCD. This apparent association has led to the investigation of certain neurohormonal factors, including changes in estrogen or oxytocin levels, that may be of etiopathogenetic significance in OCD. Confirming such associations may allow clinicians to provide more targeted preventive and therapeutic interventions.