Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Independently together: subthalamic theta and beta opposite roles in predicting Parkinson’s tremor

Abstract Tremor is a core feature of Parkinson’s disease and the most easily recognized Parkinsonian sign. Nonetheless, its pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Here, we show that multispectral spiking activity in the posterior-dorso-lateral oscillatory (motor) region of the subthalamic nucleus distinguishes resting tremor from the other Parkinsonian motor signs and strongly correlates with its severity. We evaluated microelectrode-spiking activity from the subthalamic dorsolateral oscillatory region of 70 Parkinson’s disease patients who underwent deep brain stimulation surgery (114 subthalamic nuclei, 166 electrode trajectories). We then investigated the relationship between patients’ clinical Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale score and their peak theta (4–7 Hz) and beta (13–30 Hz) powers. We found a positive correlation between resting tremor and theta activity (r = 0.41, P < 0.01) and a non-significant negative correlation with beta activity (r = −0.2, P = 0.5). Hypothesizing that the two neuronal frequencies mask each other’s relationship with resting tremor, we created a non-linear model of their proportional spectral powers and investigated its relationship with resting tremor. As hypothesized, patients’ proportional scores correlated better than either theta or beta alone (r = 0.54, P < 0.001). However, theta and beta oscillations were frequently temporally correlated (38/70 patients manifested significant positive temporal correlations and 1/70 exhibited significant negative correlation between the two frequency bands). When comparing theta and beta temporal relationship (r θ β) to patients’ resting tremor scores, we found a significant negative correlation between the two (r = −0.38, P < 0.01). Patients manifesting a positive correlation between the two bands (i.e. theta and beta were likely to appear simultaneously) were found to have lower resting tremor scores than those with near-zero correlation values (i.e. theta and beta were likely to appear separately). We therefore created a new model incorporating patients’ proportional theta–beta power and r θ βscores to obtain an improved neural correlate of resting tremor (r = 0.62, P < 0.001). We then used the Akaike and Bayesian information criteria for model selection and found the multispectral model, incorporating theta–beta proportional power and their correlation, to be the best fitting model, with 0.96 and 0.89 probabilities, respectively. Here we found that as theta increases, beta decreases and the two appear separately—resting tremor is worsened. Our results therefore show that theta and beta convey information about resting tremor in opposite ways. Furthermore, the finding that theta and beta coactivity is negatively correlated with resting tremor suggests that theta–beta non-linear scale may be a valuable biomarker for Parkinson’s resting tremor in future adaptive deep brain stimulation techniques.
Tour guides and the transnational promotion of human rights: Agency, structure and norm translators in responsible travel

Within tourism studies, the movement for ‘responsible tourism’ seeks to direct tourism in support of ideals such as sustainability and human rights. Central to the promotion of such ideals, however, is the tour guide who holds a critical position influencing the orientation of a tourism encounter. This article explores the capacities of tour guides to direct tourism encounters in support of human rights. The analysis draws upon tourism and human rights literature to frame tour guides within the theoretical concept of norm translators. The analysis applies a case study approach to a case of an individual tour guide leading a Vietnam tour package under the employ of a responsible travel company supportive of human rights, with the purpose of clarifying the role of tour guides in promoting human rights and elaborating the theory of norm translators.
Psychiatric Comorbidities in People With Epilepsy.

Purpose of Review To review the latest evidence concerning the epidemiology, clinical implications, and management of psychiatric disorders in epilepsy. Recent Findings People with epilepsy have a 2-5 times increased risk of developing any psychiatric disorder, and 1 in 3 patients with epilepsy have a lifetime psychiatric diagnosis. Psychiatric comorbidities represent a poor prognostic marker as they have been associated with a poor response to treatment (drugs and surgery), increased morbidity, and mortality. Validated screening instruments are available for mood and anxiety disorders in adults as well as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children with epilepsy. Summary All patients with epilepsy should be routinely screened for psychiatric disorder at the onset and at least once a year. Patients with epilepsy and their relatives should be informed of the risk of mental health problems and the implications.
The Influence of Macro Monetary Policy and Micro Financing Constraints on Cash Dividend Payment

Dividend distribution is the core of financial management of listed companies and an important way for investors to obtain returns. This paper examines the influence of macro monetary policy and micro financing constraints on cash dividend payment by taking a-share profit listed companies in Shanghai from 2008 to 2012 as samples. The findings are as follows :(1) tight monetary policy inhibits the payment of cash dividends; (2) Non-state and non-eastern companies pay fewer cash dividends under tighter monetary policy.
Granular biofilms: Function, application, and new trends as model microbial communities

Abstract Anaerobic digestion (AD) for waste, and wastewater, management was identified in the 1970s as a forerunner in the push for sustainability. The development of AD applications resulted in the discovery of “anaerobic granules,” which are multitrophic bio-aggregates comprising methanogenic consortia capable of digesting waste organics to methane-rich biogas suitable for use as a renewable bioenergy. In the intervening years the emergence of the anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) granule, aerobic granule, hydrogenic granule, oxygenic photogranule, and many other functionally-specialized granules, has opened new opportunities in wastewater treatment, and resource-recovery, biotechnology. As a single entity, a granule represents an entire community of microorganisms. This review compares three of the most influential types: the anaerobic (methanogenic), aerobic and anammox granule. The main characteristics, biochemical processes, and typical makeup of the microbial community in each type are discussed. Finally, the adoption of granules as an intriguing “playground” for experiments in microbial ecology is reviewed. Graphical Abstract
One‐step surface nitridation of CoO for high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries

The surface of micrometer‐sized CoO particles is finely tuned by a nitride produced through one‐step process with various heat treatments with solid‐state urea, which has been frequently used as a surfactant for the nanosynthesis of CoO in aqueous media. After conducting simple surface nitridation processes without a solvent using an autogenic reactor, it is found that the CoO surface is clearly modified by a cobalt‐rich nitride (Co5.47N) by X‐ray diffraction analyses. As the heat treatment temperature increases, the content of the cobalt nitride also grows. A temperature above 500°C for the surface modification causes an initial specific capacity loss because of the growth of the inert cobalt nitride; however, the surface‐modified samples exhibit a more prolonged cycle life than the pristine CoO due to decreased kinetic barrier and enhanced surface stability. Additionally, the surface nitridation leads to a high rate capability, which can solve poor power density for conversion‐type anode materials. It is found that the surface nitridation allows a high electrical conductivity and reduces the surface charge transfer resistance.
SEED DORMANCY OF HYBRIDS AND PARENT LINES OF SUNFLOWER ( Helianthus annuus L . )

Sunflower is a plant species with a prominent period of seed dormancy. Physiological maturation period can be accelerated under laboratory conditions using methods for breaking seed dormancy such as: previous cooling at 5-10°C, previous heating at 30-35°C, gibberellic acid treatment, KNO3, ethrel, etc. The aim of this study was to determine the duration of seed dormancy period of different sunflower hybrids and parent lines produced in Serbia, and to determine which of the methods for breaking seed dormancy gives the best results. Studies were carried out on five commercial sunflower hybrids and their parental components. Seed germination was determined after harvesting using standard laboratory methods and tetrazolium tests. The following methods were used for seed dormancy breaking: low temperature treatment of 510°C, high temperature treatment of 30-35°C, and treatment with gibberellic acid. The tests were performed in the period of 30, 50, and 90 days after harvesting. The application of gibberellic acid method gave the lowest values of seed germination, while statistical significant differences between the control and method of low and high temperatures were not found. Sunflower hybrids Sremac, Duško, NS-H-111, Velja and Branko, as well as the female lines of hybrid NS-H-111, and male lines of hybrids Sremac and Velja had no prominent seed dormancy 30 days after harvesting. Seed dormancy in female lines of hybrids Sremac, Duško, Velja and Branko and male lines of hybrids Duško, NS-H-111 and Branko was decreased 90 days after storage, but it was not completely removed.
Supplementary Materials : Photocatalytic and Photostability Behavior of Ag-and / or Al-Doped ZnO Films in Methylene Blue and Rhodamine B Under UVC Irradiation

1 School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; adeelriaz03@gmail.com (A.R.); amnaashraf04@hotmail.com (A.A.); hymnataimoor94@live.com (H.T.); sofia.javed@scme.nust. edu.pk (S.J.); aftabakram@scme.nust. edu.pk (M.A.A.); drmmujahid@gmail.com (M.M.) 2 Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, P. O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia; ifahmad@ksu.edu. sa 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P. O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia; khaliduetp@gmail.com * Correspondence: miqureshi@ksu.edu. sa; Tel. : +966-544523909
Everyday life after downshifting: Consumption, thrift, and inequality

In the early literature on downshifting it was proposed that reduced hours at work would lead to reduced levels of consumption, increased hours of leisure and a more sustainable and fulfilling life, yet recent survey research has challenged this assumption. Our study contributes knowledge on the differentially lived experience of contemporary downshifting and its relationship to sustainable and/or thrifty consumption. We undertook qualitative interviews with Australians of working age who had voluntarily reduced their hours of work to explore the everyday experience of downshifting and links with consumption practices in the domains of food, leisure and transport. The downshifters focused on thrift rather than sustainability and consequently did not reduce their consumption in a straightforward way. We found the everyday experience of downshifting was significantly shaped by caring responsibilities and financial and housing security. Moreover, differential levels of financial security had an impact on consumption levels. While those with lower levels of wealth closely managed discretionary expenditure, financially secure downshifters did not reduce their consumption overall. We argue that in the absence of an ideological commitment to sustainability, and without mainstream support for changing consumption mindsets, reduced working hours are unlikely to lead to reduced consumption.
Antena SIW dengan Defected Ground Structure pada Frekuensi L-Band

Pada makalah ini, teknik untuk meningkatkan lebar pita pada antena Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) dilakukan dengan menggunakan Defected Ground Structure (DGS) dengan cara memodifikasi bentuk dan ukuran slot tertentu pada bagian ground plane. Kombinasi antara slot split ring berbentuk persegi panjang dan slot berbentuk silang (X) sebagai DGS ditambahkan untuk mendapatkan karakteristik antena pita lebar. Substrat yang tipis dapat meningkatkan faktor kualitas (Q) yang berakibat pada sempitnya lebar pita antena. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, antena SIW disimulasikan dengan menggunakan substrat dielektrik yang tebal. Dimensi total antena SIW adalah sebesar 171 mm × 160,5 mm dengan ketebalan 4,905 mm dan beroperasi pada frekuensi tengah 2 GHz. Antena SIW dicatu menggunakan teknik proximity coupling yang dihubungkan dengan konektor berimpedans 50 Ω. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa lebar pita sebesar 575 MHz diperoleh antena dengan teknik yang diusulkan, dengan lebar pita -10 dB dari rentang frekuensi 1,675 GHz - 2,25 GHz, gain maksimum sebesar 6,03 dBi pada frekuensi 1,85 GHz, dan pola radiasi bidirectional.
Political Management and Corruption in Developing Nations

This study empirically explores the relationship between corruption and the quality of political management in developing nations using a cross-country dataset. Specifically, this analysis jointly considers the two theoretical effects of corruption, â€˜grease the wheelsâ€™ and â€˜sand in the wheelsâ€™, argued in the literature to determine if a nonlinear relationship exists between corruption and the quality of political management. Using a cross-country data set of 114 countries, the results of this study suggest that corruption has an overall negative effect on the quality of political management in developing nations; however, political managers can benefit from a minimal level of corruption and that the complete absence of corruption can hinder the effectiveness of political managers. The Concluding Comments section includes a discussion of the policy implications of the findings.
Development of a WDM platform for charged-particle stopping experiments

A platform has been developed for generating large and relatively quiescent plasmas in the warm-dense matter (WDM) regime on the OMEGA laser facility. A cylindrical geometry is used to allow charged-particle probing along the axis. The plasma heating is radiative by L-shell emission generated on the outside of the cylinder. The cylinder drive is characterized with x-ray diagnostics. Possibilities for direct characterization of the plasma temperature are discussed. Finally, the unimportance of electromagnetic fields around the target is demonstrated with proton radiography. We expect this platform to be used extensively in future experiments studying charged-particle stopping in this regime.
International tourists’ destination choice differences according to Plog’s personality types: analyzing the case of Mongolia based on the recreation opportunity spectrum

ABSTRACT In the international tourism market, the number of arrivals in Asian regions is increasing every year, and that of foreign tourists in Mongolia, a new tourism market, is also rapidly rising. This study tests differences in the destination choice among international tourists visiting Mongolia using the Plog’s personality model. It classifies Mongolia into several regions using the recreation opportunity spectrum and then tests whether Plog’s personality types significantly affect the destination choice. Analytical results based on the data of an on-site survey of 406 U.S., South Korean, and Russian tourists recruited at eleven representative destinations present that while the tourists are categorized into psychocentric, midcentric, and allocentric types, allocentric tourists are the largest in number. Also, Plog’s personality types are found to differentiate tourist destination choices when socio-demographic and travel-related confounding variables are controlled for. Allocentric tourists are likely to visit primitive areas, whereas psychocentrics tend to visit urban tourist attractions. Accordingly, this study confirms the validity of the recreation opportunity spectrum and Plog’s personality types, using the case of Mongolia with unique natural, urban, and tourism settings. Also, tourism service providers and marketers may benefit from the segmentation technique and analytical results suggested in this study in order to assess the needs of their visitors. Highlights This study uses the recreation opportunity spectrum and Plog’s model together. The study conducts a survey of inbound tourists in Mongolia. Tourists’ destination choice can be varied by personality characteristics.
Smartphone Sensor Based Indoor Positioning: Current Status, Opportunities, and Future Challenges

The last two decades have witnessed a rich variety of indoor positioning and localization research. Starting with Microsoft Research pioneering the fingerprint approach based RADAR, MIT’s Cricket, and then moving towards beacon-based localization are few among many others. In parallel, researchers looked into other appealing and promising technologies like radio frequency identification, ultra-wideband, infrared, and visible light-based systems. However, the proliferation of smartphones over the past few years revolutionized and reshaped indoor localization towards new horizons. The deployment of MEMS sensors in modern smartphones have initiated new opportunities and challenges for the industry and academia alike. Additionally, the demands and potential of location-based services compelled the researchers to look into more robust, accurate, smartphone deployable, and context-aware location sensing. This study presents a comprehensive review of the approaches that make use of data from one or more sensors to estimate the user’s indoor location. By analyzing the approaches leveraged on smartphone sensors, it discusses the associated challenges of such approaches and points out the areas that need considerable research to overcome their limitations.
Cellulosic Water and Polyacrylamide Gels Can Delay Wilting and Extend Watering Intervals for Potted Poinsettias Displayed in Interiorscapes

Poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima) are popular for their colorful bracts and long keeping quality under indoor conditions. However, along with the long display life comes the maintenance issue of labor-intensive repeated waterings. Three experiments were conducted to determine whether using cellulosic water (CW) applied to the surface of the soilless growing medium as postproduction treatment could extend the days to wilt and intervals between waterings under simulated home/ office conditions. CW is a gel composed of water bound in a cellulose matrix; as the cellulose is broken down the water is released. In addition, polyacrylamide (PAM) granules, applied dry into holes in the growing medium or hydrated to the medium surface, were evaluated for the same purpose in the final experiment. In the first experiment, pots containing cultivar Advent Red were treated with 0, 150, or 300 g of CW gel. In the second experiment, pots with ‘Prestige Early Red’ plants received 0, 125, or 250 g of CW gel. Pots were weighed and monitored for wilt daily. The daysto-wilt response was positively linear with CW application rates. Days to wilt (time between waterings) increased by over 3 days for each 100 g of CW applied to the pots during both Expts. 1 and 2 (y = 20 D 0.031x, r = 0.54 and y = 18.6 D 0.032x, r = 0.624, respectively, where y = days to wilt and x = grams of CW). In the third experiment, CW results were similar to those of the previous experiments. In addition, PAM initially also increased days to wilt compared with the control, with hydrated PAM applied at the same rate as CW providing the same benefits. However, PAM did not rehydrate adequately upon rewatering after the first wilt to delay the second wilt. This may have been due to fertilizer salts and to limited contact with the growing medium. Transpiration rates measured on the days before the untreated plants started wilting were not different among the treatments; therefore, the increased days to wilt provided by CW and PAM were due only to their providing additional water. Both CW and PAM gels were effective when used postproduction to supply supplemental water and lengthen the time period before the potted poinsettias wilted when held in interiorscapes.
A UNIFYING PICTURE OF HELICAL AND AZIMUTHAL MAGNETOROTATIONAL INSTABILITY, AND THE UNIVERSAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE LIU LIMIT

The magnetorotational instability (MRI) plays a key role for cosmic structure formation by triggering turbulence in the rotating flows of accretion disks that would be otherwise hydrodynamically stable. In the limit of small magnetic Prandtl number, the helical and the azimuthal versions of MRI are known to be governed by a quite different scaling behavior than the standard MRI with a vertical applied magnetic field. Using the short-wavelength approximation for an incompressible, resistive, and viscous rotating fluid, we present a unified description of helical and azimuthal MRI, and we identify the universal character of the Liu limit for the critical Rossby number. From this universal behavior we are also led to the prediction that the instability will be governed by a mode with an azimuthal wavenumber that is proportional to the ratio of axial to azimuthal applied magnetic field, when this ratio becomes large and the Rossby number is close to the Liu limit.
Optimizing the Use of Fly Ash in Concrete

Fly ash is used as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) in the production of portland cement concrete. A supplementary cementitious material, when used in conjunction with portland cement, contributes to the properties of the hardened concrete through hydraulic or pozzolanic activity, or both. As such, SCM's include both pozzolans and hydraulic materials. A pozzolan is defined as a siliceous or siliceous and aluminous material that in itself possesses little or no cementitious value, but that will, in finely divided form and in the presence of moisture, chemically react with calcium hydroxide at ordinary temperatures to form compounds having cementitious properties. Pozzolans that are commonly used in concrete include fly ash, silica fume and a variety of natural pozzolans such as calcined clay and shale, and volcanic ash. SCM's that are hydraulic in behavior include ground granulated blast furnace slag and fly ashes with high calcium contents (such fly ashes display both pozzolanic and hydraulic behavior).