Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical Studies Concerning Re-Restoration of Teeth

Re-restoring teeth is an important component of operative dentistry, and the perceived presence of Re-restoring caries is a major reason for undertaking it. In the absence of a diagnosis of secondary caries, a morphological discrepancy at the margin of a restoration commonly provides the necessary justification for replacement. However, several studies have demonstrated enormous variation among dentists, both in their diagnosis of secondary caries and in the clinical decisions they make regarding whether or not to restore or re-restore. Many of these decisions must have been wrong. Decisions to re-restore teeth have been shown to be particularly idiosyncratic, and some patients apparently become involved in a repeat restoration cycle whereby the more restorations they have, the more re-restorations they receive. The desire by some dentists to replace large numbers of restorations, for reasons other than the presence of disease, shows a fallibility of operative treatment. At the same time it suggests that these dentists have considerable faith in this aspect of dental care. There would appear to be a prima facie case for investigating more deeply the factors involved in the clinical assessment of restorations. It should then be possible to improve the standard of diagnosis and treatment decision-making, especially with respect to the need to re-restore teeth.
Transcriptome Analysis of Mycobacteria-Specific CD4+ T Cells Identified by Activation-Induced Expression of CD154

Analysis of Ag-specific CD4+ T cells in mycobacterial infections at the transcriptome level is informative but technically challenging. Although several methods exist for identifying Ag-specific T cells, including intracellular cytokine staining, cell surface cytokine-capture assays, and staining with peptide:MHC class II multimers, all of these have significant technical constraints that limit their usefulness. Measurement of activation-induced expression of CD154 has been reported to detect live Ag-specific CD4+ T cells, but this approach remains underexplored and, to our knowledge, has not previously been applied in mycobacteria-infected animals. In this article, we show that CD154 expression identifies adoptively transferred or endogenous Ag-specific CD4+ T cells induced by Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination. We confirmed that Ag-specific cytokine production was positively correlated with CD154 expression by CD4+ T cells from bacillus Calmette-Guérin–vaccinated mice and show that high-quality microarrays can be performed from RNA isolated from CD154+ cells purified by cell sorting. Analysis of microarray data demonstrated that the transcriptome of CD4+ CD154+ cells was distinct from that of CD154− cells and showed major enrichment of transcripts encoding multiple cytokines and pathways of cellular activation. One notable finding was the identification of a previously unrecognized subset of mycobacteria-specific CD4+ T cells that is characterized by the production of IL-3. Our results support the use of CD154 expression as a practical and reliable method to isolate live Ag-specific CD4+ T cells for transcriptomic analysis and potentially for a range of other studies in infected or previously immunized hosts.
Deep RNA sequencing of pectoralis muscle transcriptomes during late-term embryonic to neonatal development in indigenous Chinese duck breeds

Pectoral muscle (PM) comprises an important component of overall meat mass in ducks. However, PM has shown arrested or even reduced growth during late embryonic development, and the molecular mechanisms underlying PM growth during the late embryonic to neonatal period in ducks have not been addressed. In this study, we characterized potential candidate genes and signaling pathways related to PM development using RNA sequencing of PM samples selected at embryonic days (E) 21 and 27 and 5 days post-hatch (dph) in two duck breeds (Gaoyou and Jinding ducks). A total of 393 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, which showed higher or lower expression levels at E27 compared with E21 and 5 dph, reflecting the pattern of PM growth rates. Among these, 43 DEGs were common to all three time points in both duck breeds. These DEGs may thus be involved in regulating this developmental process. Specifically, KEGG pathway analysis of the 393 DEGs showed that genes involved with different metabolism pathways were highly expressed, while genes involved with cell cycle pathways showed lower expression levels at E27. These DEGs may thus be involved in the mechanisms responsible for the phenomenon of static or decreased breast muscle growth in duck breeds during the late embryonic period. These results increase the available genetic information for ducks and provide valuable resources for analyzing the mechanisms underlying the process of PM development.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with low dose of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin plus weekly paclitaxel in operable and locally advanced breast cancer

To determine the activity and safety of a schedule with a low dose of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) and weekly paclitaxel in operable and locally advanced breast cancer patients. Thirty-five patients with histologically confirmed, operable, and locally advanced breast cancer entered the study. The median age was 59 years (range 31–74 years). The schedule was biweekly PLD at the dose of 15 mg/m2 for four administrations and weekly paclitaxel at the dose of 80 mg/m2 for eight administrations. All patients were evaluable for response and toxicity. Twenty-six patients responded (74%): three (8%) had a complete response and 23 (66%) had a partial response, seven (23%) remained stable, and one experienced progression (3%). Fifteen of 27 operable patients (55%) underwent conservative surgery. Three patients (9%) had a pathological complete response and the disappearance of infiltrating disease was documented in three other patients. The main toxicity was hand–foot syndrome (grade 3 in four patients; 11%). Other nonhematological grade 3 toxicities included stomatitis in three patients (8%) and liver toxicity in one patient (3%). Grade 3–4 neutropenia was documented in another three patients and dose reduction was necessary in two patients. The fourth administration of PLD was suspended in four patients for grade 2–3 hand–foot syndrome. No symptoms were related to impairment of cardiac function and no death related to toxicity occurred. The combination of biweekly PLD and weekly paclitaxel was active in operable and locally advanced breast cancer with a manageable safety profile.
Simulation in Emergency Medicine Training

Simulation provides a range of educational tools that have increasingly been incorporated into emergency medicine (EM) curricula. Standardized patients and some partial task trainers, such as intubation heads, have been used for decades. More recently, a growing number of computer-screen simulations, high-fidelity mannequins, and virtual-reality simulators have expanded the number of procedures and conditions, which can be effectively simulated. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education transitioned to a competency-based assessment of residency programs in 2001 and included simulation as a method for incorporating the 6 core competencies into graduate medical education curricula. Over the past decade, numerous peer-reviewed publications have promoted simulation as an effective educational tool for each of the core competencies. The advanced technology used to operate many current simulators can erroneously become the focus of efforts to create a simulation-based curriculum. Simulation can most effectively be incorporated into EM curricula through the use of time-proven concepts, which start with defining the targeted learners, assessing their general and specific educational needs, defining learning objectives, and selecting the best educational strategy for achieving each objective. In many, but not all, instances, simulation can be the best tool for achieving EM learning objectives.
The Rothschilds : essays on the history of a European family

Part 1: the Rothschilds - family history in the museum context, Georg Heuberger "You didn't recommend a fool to me" - Elector William I of Hesse and Meyer Amschel Rothschild, Rainer von Hessen the other Rothschilds - Frankfurt private bankers in the 18th and 19th centuries, Michael Jurk from court agent to state financier - the rise of the Rothschilds, Manfred Pohl the establishment of the Rothschilds as bankers in London, Stanley Chapman the Rothschilds, the railways and the urban form of 19th century Paris, Karen Bowie the "Damascus-Affair" 1840 - the role of the Rothschilds in mobilizing public opinion, Rainer Erb Lord Rothschild and his poor bretheren - East European Jews in London 1880-1906, Kerstin Warnke-Dakers between East and West - Edmond de Rothschild and Palestine, Yoram Mayorek. Part 2: the Rothschilds and the original EEC - family reflections I - the men, Miriam Rothschild the silent members of the first EEC - family reflections II - the women, Miriam Rothschild the dynastic power of the Rothschilds - a sociological assessment, Andreas Hansert from Frankfurt Jew to Lord Rothschild - the ascent of the English Rothschilds to the nobility, Simone Mace the aristocrat and the synagogue - the Rothschilds and Judaism, Robert Liberles "for the care of the sick, the good of the community, the embellishment of their home town" - the charitable Rothschild foundations in Frankfurt on Main, Hans-Otto Schembs fairy tales & castles - on Rothschild family buildings in Frankfurt on Main, Dieter Bartetzko Rothschild architecture in England, France, Germany, Austria and Italy, Pauline Prevost-Marcilhacy the English Rothschilds as collectors, Michael Hall the musical associations of the Rothschild family, Charlotte de Rothschild. Part 3: the myth of the banker in France in the 19th and 20th centuries, Louis Bergeron the Rothschilds in literature, Thomas Sparr the Rothschild family during the Third Reich, Christopher Kopper the Rothschilds - one family - two films, Regine Mihal Friedman the "aryanization" of Rothschild assets in Vienna and the problem of restitution, Felicitas Heimann-Jelinek.
A systematic review of cognitive and behavioural therapies for methamphetamine dependence.

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS The use of methamphetamine is widespread and poses significant challenges for treatment providers. Much of the treatment knowledge about this group has been extrapolated from studies of treatment for cocaine dependence. Medications have been shown to be of limited effectiveness for methamphetamine users, making psychological interventions the treatment of choice. APPROACH This paper describes a systematic review of cognitive-behavioural and behavioural interventions for methamphetamine users. A systematic search of published literature was undertaken focusing only on randomised trials. KEY FINDINGS There were a relatively small number of intervention studies that compared cognitive-behavioural or behavioural interventions using randomised trial methodology. Most commonly, studies examined cognitive-behaviour therapy (CBT) and/or contingency management (CM). Treatment with CBT appears to be associated with reductions in methamphetamine use and other positive changes, even over very short periods of treatment (two and four sessions). CM studies found a significant reduction of methamphetamine during application of the procedure, but it is not clear if these gains are sustained at post-treatment follow-up. IMPLICATIONS The review highlights that there are effective treatments for methamphetamine dependence. Alcohol and other drug (AOD) clinicians are familiar with these types of interventions and should use them and convey to clients that they are effective. Services and policy makers should ensure that best practice interventions are implemented within AOD services. CONCLUSION Psychological intervention is effective in addressing methamphetamine use and dependence. CBT and contingency management are two accessible interventions that are implemented easily within current AOD services. There is still more work to conduct in improving methamphetamine treatment, however, and further research into cognitive-behavioural and behavioural treatments for methamphetamine users is required, with a focus on improving longevity of the effect of intervention and improving effectiveness among more complex presentations.
No evidence for enhanced processing of speech that is low-pass filtered near the edge frequency of cochlear dead regions in children

Abstract Objectives: Cochlear dead regions (DRs) are regions in the cochlea where the inner hair cells and/or neurons are not functioning. Adults with extensive high-frequency DRs have enhanced abilities in processing sounds with frequencies just below the edge frequency, fedge, of the DR. It was assessed whether the same is true for children. Design: Performance was compared for children aged 8 to 13 years with: DRs (group DR), hearing impairment but without DRs (group NODR), and normal hearing (group NH). Seven ears in each group were tested. Each ear in the DR group was matched in age and low-frequency hearing with an ear in the NODR group, and in age with an ear in the NH group, giving seven “triplets”. Within each triplet, the percent correct identification of vowel-consonant-vowel stimuli was measured using stimuli that were low-pass filtered at fedge and 0.67fedge, based on the ear with a DR. For the hearing-impaired ears, stimuli were given frequency-selective amplification as prescribed by DSL 4.1. Results: No significant differences in performance were found between groups for either low-pass cut-off frequency. Conclusion: Unlike adults, the children with DRs did not show enhanced discrimination of speech stimuli with frequencies below fedge.
Irreversible loss of ice nucleation active sites in mineral dust particles caused by sulphuric acid condensation

Abstract. During the FROST-2 (FReezing Of duST) measurement campaign conducted at the Leipzig Aerosol Cloud Interaction Simulator (LACIS), we investigated changes in the ice nucleation properties of 300 nm Arizona Test Dust mineral particles following thermochemical processing by varying amounts and combinations of exposure to sulphuric acid vapour, ammonia gas, water vapour, and heat. The processed particles' heterogeneous ice nucleation properties were determined in both the water subsaturated and supersaturated humidity regimes at −30 °C and −25 °C using Colorado State University's continuous flow diffusion chamber. The amount of sulphuric acid coating material was estimated by an aerosol mass spectrometer and from CCN-derived hygroscopicity measurements. The condensation of sulphuric acid decreased the dust particles' ice nucleation ability in proportion to the amount of sulphuric acid added. Heating the coated particles in a thermodenuder at 250 °C – intended to evaporate the sulphuric acid coating – reduced their freezing ability even further. We attribute this behaviour to accelerated acid digestion of ice active surface sites by heat. Exposing sulphuric acid coated dust to ammonia gas produced particles with similarly poor freezing potential; however a portion of their ice nucleation ability could be restored after heating in the thermodenuder. In no case did any combination of thermochemical treatments increase the ice nucleation ability of the coated mineral dust particles compared to unprocessed dust. These first measurements of the effect of identical chemical processing of dust particles on their ice nucleation ability under both water subsaturated and mixed-phase supersaturated cloud conditions revealed that ice nucleation was more sensitive to all coating treatments in the water subsaturated regime. The results clearly indicate irreversible impairment of ice nucleation activity in both regimes after condensation of concentrated sulphuric acid. This implies that the sulphuric acid coating caused permanent chemical and/or physical modification of the ice active surface sites; the possible dissolution of the coating during droplet activation did not restore all immersion/condensation-freezing ability.
Severe sepsis in autologous stem cell transplant recipients: Microbiological aetiology, risk factors and outcome

Infectious complications are the main reason for early treatment-related mortality after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). We evaluated retrospectively microbiological aetiology, risk factors and clinical consequences of severe sepsis in this patient cohort. From 1996 to 2006 a total of 319 patients underwent ASCT at our institution. Antibacterial prophylaxis was not used. Neutropenic fever occurred in 83% (n=265) and was complicated by severe sepsis in 5% (n=17) of patients. Severe sepsis tended to be more common in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) than in other patients (9% vs 3%, p=0.009). Bacteraemia was observed more commonly in patients with severe sepsis (76% vs 22%, p<0.001); Pseudomonas sp. was found in 30% (n=5) of these patients. Kinetics of C-reactive protein (CRP) more commonly coincided with, rather than predicted, the development of severe sepsis. All other observed risk factors for severe sepsis (length of neutropenia, fever and blood culture findings) were late indicators. Severe sepsis was fatal in 9 patients (53%), and all had NHL (p=0.003 compared to other patients). Severe sepsis is an important cause of early mortality after ASCT, especially in NHL patients. Ways to prevent development of severe sepsis or predict its development might reduce early mortality among ASCT recipients.
[Ovarian response and pregnancy outcome in hyper-responders during repeated in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer].

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the ovarian response and pregnancy outcomes in patients with excessive ovarian response receiving long-protocol pituitary down-regulation during repeated in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). METHODS Sixty IVF-ET cycles from January 2008 to December 2011 were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical characteristics were compared between the various treatment cycles. RESULTS Compared with those with the first treatment cycle, the patients receiving repeated cycles had a significantly older age (P<0.001), reduced initial doses of Gn (P=0.049), and moderately lowered estrogen level on the day of hCG administration (E₂) (P=0.027) and the number of oocytes retrieved (P=0.030). The high-quality embryo formation rate (P<0.001) and clinical pregnancy rate (P=0.009) were both significantly higher in patients with repeated cycles. The dose for down-regulation, total Gn dose, duration of Gn stimulation, number of two pronuclei (PN), number of fertilized oocyte, and the cancellation rate for a high risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) were all comparable between the two groups (P>0.05). The recurrence rate of ovarian excessive respond was 40% (12/30). CONCLUSIONS For patients receiving repeated IVF treatment cycle with a high ovarian response, a smaller initial dose of Gn should be used to minimize the risk of hyper-response and improve the outcome of assisted reproductive treatment.
Hamstring contractures in children with spastic cerebral palsy result from a stiffer extracellular matrix and increased in vivo sarcomere length

Non‐technical summary Muscle spasticity, due to an upper motoneuron lesion, often leads to muscle contractures that limit range of motion and cause increased muscle stiffness. However, the elements responsible for this muscle adaption are unknown. Here we show that muscle tissue is stiffer in contracture compared to age‐matched children, implicating the extracellular matrix (ECM). However, titin, the major load‐bearing protein within muscle fibres, is not altered in contracture, and individual fibre stiffness is unaltered. Increased ECM stiffness is even more functionally significant given our finding of long in vivo sarcomeres which leads to much larger in vivo forces in muscle contracture. These results may lead to novel therapeutics for treating spastic muscle contracture.
Five‐year clinical outcomes of a polymer‐free sirolimus‐eluting stent versus a permanent polymer paclitaxel‐eluting stent: Final results of the intracoronary stenting and angiographic restenosis – test equivalence between two drug‐eluting stents (ISAR‐TEST) trial

Limited evidence exists regarding the long‐term performance of polymer‐free (PF) drug‐eluting stents (DES) in comparison to permanent polymer DES. This study investigated the 5‐year efficacy and safety of a PF sirolimus‐eluting stent (PF‐SES) versus a permanent polymer paclitaxel‐eluting stent (PES) in the setting of the Intracoronary Stenting and Angiographic Restenosis‐Test Equivalence Between Two Drug‐Eluting Stents (ISAR‐TEST) randomized trial.
A Novel Chemical Solution to Demineralize Vascular Calcification in Ex-Vivo Amputated Limbs

The study was performed to evaluate the ex-vivo demineralizing efficacy of a novel chemical solution, combined L(+) lactic acid and D-gluconic acid (LAGA), in calcified peripheral arteries of 2 patients who underwent limb amputation. Angiography was obtained at baseline and after local installation of the 20 ml of LAGA solution in the occluded arteries. A significant dissolution of the calcification with restoration of patency of the occluded arteries was noted. LAGA solution is efficacious in demineralizing calcific peripheral arteries. Our study may pave the way for potential novel therapeutic strategies to treat patients with calcified peripheral arterial disease.
Role of Rab27 in synaptic transmission at the squid giant synapse

Small GTPase Rab is a member of a large family of Ras-related proteins, highly conserved in eukaryotic cells, and thought to regulate specific type(s) and/or specific step(s) in intracellular membrane trafficking. Given our interest in synaptic transmission, we addressed the possibility that Rab27 (a close isoform of Rab3) could be involved in cytosolic synaptic vesicle mobilization. Indeed, preterminal injection of a specific antibody against squid Rab27 (anti-sqRab27 antibody) combined with confocal microscopy demonstrated that Rab27 is present on squid synaptic vesicles. Electrophysiological study of injected synapses showed that the anti-sqRab27 antibody inhibited synaptic release in a stimulation-dependent manner without affecting presynaptic action potentials or inward Ca2+ current. This result was confirmed in in vitro synaptosomes by using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. Thus, synaptosomal Ca2+-stimulated release of FM1-43 dye was greatly impaired by intraterminal anti-sqRab27 antibody. Ultrastructural analysis of the injected giant preterminal further showed a reduced number of docked synaptic vesicles and an increase in nondocked vesicular profiles distant from the active zone. These results, taken together, indicate that Rab27 is primarily involved in the maturation of recycled vesicles and/or their transport to the presynaptic active zone in the squid giant synapse.