Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cell-walls of growing plant cells

The plant primary cell wall is a three-dimensional interwoven network of cellulose microfibrils, cross-linked by xyloglucan and dispersed in a pectin matrix. It has been suggested that in the wall of growing plant cells, xyloglucan is bound to the rigid cellulose microfibrils by hydrogen bonds and holds the microfibrils together by forming molecular tethers, which is referred to as the ‘sticky network’ model. Plant growth occurs when these tethers are peeled from the microfibrils by expansins or broken by glycosidases or transglycosylases. A number of researchers have presented theoretical difficulties and observations inconsistent with this model and a new hypothesis has been proposed, claiming that the cellulose – xyloglucan cross-links may act as ‘scaffolds’ holding the microfibrils apart. Analogies with synthetic polymers suggests that the spacing between the cellulose microfibrils may be an important determinant of the mechanical properties of the cell wall and the results presented in this thesis support this hypothesis. Water contents of Acetobacter xylinus synthesized cellulose based cell wall analogues (as a mimic of primary cell wall) and sunflower hypocotyl cell walls were altered using high molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution, and their extension under a constant load was measured using a creep extensiometer and showed that there were clear reduction (30-35%) in extensibility suggesting that water content of the wall and therefore the cell wall free volume directly influence wall extensibility. When hydration of A. xylinus cellulose composite pellicles was reduced using PEG 6000 solution and re-hydrated in buffer solution, followed by treatment with ? -expansin or snail acetone powder extract, it was found that expansin and snail powder extracts caused a rapid rehydration of the composites and that the pellicles only returned to their original weights after these treatments, suggesting that expansin and snail powder can increase the free volume of the wall perhaps contributing to the increases in extensibility that they cause. Assays on cell wall fragments also indicated that expansin increased the cell wall free volume, demonstrated by changes of the turbidity of fragment suspensions. The role of pectic polysaccharide, RG-II, in cell wall biomechanics was also investigated using mechanical and biochemical testing of available Arabidopsis thaliana cell wall mutants and by incorporating RG-II (purified from red wine) with Acetobacter cellulose. It was demonstrated that RG-II significantly increased the hydration of cellulose composite; hydration rate was 15 -16% more than the composite without RG-II and thus increased the pellicle extensibility. From the results, it is evidenced that cell wall extension is not only the consequences of breaking hydrogen bonds between cellulose microfibrils and xyloglucan by expansins or glycosidases and transglycosylases, but also a wider range of factors are involved including cell wall water content, cell wall free volume and the pectic polymers, especially RG-II.
Significance of hysteroscopy in diagnosis and treatment of congenital uterine anomalies

Background/Aim: Hysteroscopy is one of the important methods in the endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of infertility, particularly at the examination of the morphology and function of the uterus. Uterine factor is present at 10% of infertile women, in which changes of the uterus can be congenital or acquired. The aim of this study is to estimate the significance of hysteroscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of congenital anomalies of the uterine cavity in patients in whom there is a reasonable suspicion based on prior clinical, ultrasound and HSG findings. The significance of hysteroscopy is considered in relation to the number of pregnancies achieved depending on the malformations in the 12 months period after the completion of the diagnostic or operational hysteroscopy. Methods: The study included 176 patients with congenital uterine anomalies, which had undergone hysteroscopy, diagnostic or operative, in the period from Jan.1 st 2013 till Jan.1st 2016. Percentage of pregnancy was followed at all patients, during the first 12 months after surgery. Patients were divided in two groups; first group contained women that conceived a pregnancy and second group were those which did not. Their characteristics were compared, such as: age, duration of infertility, previous pregnancy and/or pregnancy loss, HSG and ultrasound findings, types of congenital anomalies, type of hysteroscopy, as well as the existence of associated pathology. Results: Mean age of patients tested in study was 35 years. The group of patients with primary infertility makes a total of 107 patients, while 69 patients were with secondary infertility. The average duration of infertility was 3 years in the studied patients. In the 12 months period, 39 examined women had begin pregnancy, which was in 33 women completed with term delivery. Chi-square test showed a statistical significance difference (p <0.05) between the groups of the patients (with or without pregnancy after hysteroscopy) in the presence of types of infertility, as well as in the number of previous miscarriages in the patients of both groups. Conclusion: From all congenital uterine malformations, the most common are subseptus and septus uteri. Very rare are uterus arquatus, uterus unicornis and uterus bicornis. In our study 1/5 of examined women have achieved pregnancy after hysteroscopy in the reporting period of 12 months, while the majority of these pregnancies ended with term delivery. The percentage of miscarriages in the examined women was reduced from 38% to 15% after hysteroscopy. In women who have achieved pregnancy mostly diagnosed are uterine septum and subseptum, at whome hysteroscopic resection was performed.
Study of Thyroid Abnormalities using Scintigraphy

Radionuclide imaging is an integral part of functional evaluation of thyroid diseases. This study aimed to study thyroid abnormalities using scintigraphy, The study population consisted of 173(149 female and 24 male) patients with thyroid abnormalities, and referred to Nuclear Medicine, Fujairah hospital for thyroid scintigraphy during the period from Jan 10, 2016 to June 30 , 2018 . All patients Thyroid function test were done before coming to radiology department. The mean age of patients was 38 years. The results of this study revealed that thyroid nuclear medicine scan findings as normal in 6.4 % (16 patients) and abnormal in 91% (157 patients) , Autonomous Nodule 2 (1.1),nodular goiter- NTG , TNG 30 (17.3%),Goiter11(6.4%),Grave disease13(7.5%), Multinodular goiter 43(24.8%), Thyroiditis 20 (11), Thyroid nodule 2 (1.1), Toxic multinodular goiter 21 ,Toxic goiter 15 (8.7%), Normal 16 (9.2%). This study concluded that radionuclide methods are complementary and provide information that can help in the appropriate management of various thyroid diseases.
Is Galectin-3 a Prognosticator of Severity and Clinical Outcomes of Pulmonary Artery Hypertension?

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a steadily progressive maladaptive disease with potentially fatal consequences that has been demonstrated increasing prevalence worldwide [1]. Nature evolution of PAH closely related to vascular remodeling and endothelial dysfunction that lead to obstruction of small-to-moderate pulmonary arteries, resulting in increased pulmonary artery pressures and pulmonary vascular resistance associated with uncoupling oxygen supply and blood saturation, hypoxia, right ventricle heart failure and multi organ insufficiency [2, 3]. There were found numerous factors, which contributed to several faces of the PAH including smooth muscle cell proliferation, vasospasm, vascular fibrosis and occlusion, direct vascular injury and inflammation, impaired repair of vasculature [4]. All these factors corresponding to imbalance of vasodilators (nitric oxide NO), and prostacyclin) and vasoconstrictors (endothelin-1 ET-1, thromboxane A2) are crucial for clinical presentation, severity and prognosis of the disease [5]. In fact, dysregulation these factors via increased oxidase (NADPH oxidase family, xanthine and aldehyde oxidases) activity and bone morphogenetic protein receptor-2 signaling mechanism produce reactive oxygen species (superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite) that disrupt canonic NO synthase pathway, lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation, potentiate proliferative response of the vasculature cells, mediate thickness and fibrosis of pulmonary artery vasculature [6, 7]. In this context, excessive inflammation and fibrosis as core players in pathogenesis of PAH corresponding to severity and prognosis of the disease.
Sir Andrew Fielding Huxley OM. 22 November 1917—30 May 2012

Andrew Huxley was a physiologist, possessing a combination of practical skill, invention and mathematical ability that has few parallels, and is famous for his contributions to the understanding of how nerve and muscle work. He came from an illustrious family: his paternal grandfather was Thomas Henry Huxley, and Julian Huxley and Aldous Huxley were his half-brothers. After completing his undergraduate degree in Cambridge in 1939, he joined Alan Hodgkin in his research on the squid giant axon and they made the first intracellular recording of a nerve action potential. Together, they used the voltage clamp technique to elucidate the ionic mechanism of the action potential; for this they were awarded a share of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1963. Turning to research on muscle, he elucidated the sliding filament mechanism of contraction (in parallel with Hugh Huxley), and went on to formulate a quantitative account of the steady state properties of muscle based on the interaction between myosin crossbridges and actin sites. Moving to University College London (UCL) in 1960 as Jodrell Professor of Physiology, he provided quantitative evidence for the sliding filament theory through a study of the length–tension relation. His final studies were on the transient mechanical properties of muscle, resulting in a theory of force-generation by crossbridges. During the war, Huxley was engaged in operational research on anti-aircraft artillery and naval gunnery. He was President of the Royal Society in 1980–85, and Master of Trinity College Cambridge in 1984–90.
Comparison of X-ray speckle-based imaging deflection retrieval algorithms for the optimization of radiation dose

X-ray phase contrast imaging can provide improved or complementary information to traditional attenuation-based X-ray imaging, making the field a vast and rapidly evolving research subject. X-ray speckle-based imaging (SBI) is one phase-contrast imaging approach that has shown significant potential in providing both high sensitivity and high resolution while using a very simple experimental setup. With the aim of transferring such phase-contrast-based imaging techniques from synchrotron to laboratory X-ray sources, the issue of the deposited radiation dose still remains to be addressed. In this work, we experimentally and quantitatively compare the results from three different SBI phase retrieval algorithms using both phantoms and biological samples in order to infer the optimal configuration. The results obtained using a synchrotron beam suggest that the technique based on optical flow conservation achieves the most accurate retrieval from the lowest number of sample exposures. This constitutes an important step toward the possibility of transferring SBI into the clinic.
Evaluation of the Quality of Cancer-Related Fatigue Clinical Practice Guidelines

Background: Improvement of the quality ofcancer-related fatigue clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) is an important issue in oncology. Aim: This study aimed to determine the methodological quality of CPGs about cancer-related fatigue management using the AGREE II instrument. Method: This study involved a systematic search, followed by a descriptive study, to evaluate the methodological quality of CPGs about CRF using the AGREE II instrument in 2018. A comprehensive search was conducted on different websites and databases to find the eligible published guidelines from the observation time to Jan 2018. After screening the guidelines based on eligibility criteria, the selected CPGs were assessed by five independent appraisers by means of the updated AGREE II instrument developed in 2013. Results: According to the results, applicability and editorial independence domains had obtained low quality scores. However, the scores of the rest of the domains were indicative of a favorable quality level. Implications for Practice: It is essential to improve the quality of CRF CPGs and design high-quality CPGs especially in terms of applicability and editorial independence domains. Â Â
Addressing the Crisis of Diagnosis and Management of Migraine in Primary Care: A Summary of the American Headache Society FrontLine Primary Care Advisory Board

INTRODUCTION Migraine affects over 36 million people in the United States, often from adolescence throughout adulthood, and is the second leading cause of disability worldwide.1 Over half (52.8%) of all visits for migraine take place in primary care settings.2 However, many primary care providers (PCPs) receive little formal education about headache medicine, and there is substantial under-diagnosis and under-treatment of migraine in this setting. Only 28% of PCPs were familiar with the American Academy of Neurology guidelines for migraine prevention and only 40% were familiar with the American Board of Internal Medicine Foundation Choosing Wisely Campaign Headache doi: 10.1111/head.13797 © 2020 American Headache Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. ISSN 0017-8748
Molecular genetics of maternally-controlled cell divisions

Forward genetic screens remain at the forefront of biology as an unbiased approach for discovering and elucidating gene function at the organismal and molecular level. Past mutagenesis screens targeting maternal-effect genes identified a broad spectrum of phenotypes ranging from defects in oocyte development to embryonic patterning. However, earlier vertebrate screens did not reach saturation, anticipated classes of phenotypes were not uncovered, and technological limitations made it difficult to pinpoint the causal gene. In this study, we performed a chemically-induced maternal-effect mutagenesis screen in zebrafish and identified eight distinct mutants specifically affecting the cleavage stage of development and one cleavage stage mutant that is also male sterile. The cleavage-stage phenotypes fell into three separate classes: developmental arrest proximal to the mid blastula transition (MBT), irregular cleavage, and cytokinesis mutants. We mapped each mutation to narrow genetic intervals and determined the molecular basis for two of the developmental arrest mutants, and a mutation causing male sterility and a maternal-effect mutant phenotype. One developmental arrest mutant gene encodes a maternal specific Stem Loop Binding Protein, which is required to maintain maternal histone levels. The other developmental arrest mutant encodes a maternal-specific subunit of the Minichromosome Maintenance Protein Complex, which is essential for maintaining normal chromosome integrity in the early blastomeres. Finally, we identify a hypomorphic allele of Polo-like kinase-1 (Plk-1), which results in a male sterile and maternal-effect phenotype. Collectively, these mutants expand our molecular-genetic understanding of the maternal regulation of early embryonic development in vertebrates.
State of the Art of Image Guidance in Interventional Radiology

Nowadays complex interventions are made possible because of improved materials including catheters, microcatheters, introducers and imaging modalities. Image guidance is the center of each intervention in interventional radiology (IR). Image guidance helps to ‘see’ the lesion, to ‘reach’, to ‘treat’ and to ‘assess’, both the procedure success and the absence of complication. This image guidance is improving, along with various imaging techniques, and is used more and more for complex interventions. Three types of image guidance techniques are distinguished: 1) X-ray-related image guidance based on computed tomography (CT), fluoroscopy, 2D angiography, 3D angiography and cone-beam CT (CBCT); 2) non-X-ray image guidance based on ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electromagnetic guidance; and 3) multimodality image guidance based on image fusion using pre-procedural 3D imaging overlaid with intra-procedural imaging as CBCT or US. X-ray-related image guidance is the most commonly used and is adapted for endovascular or percutaneous intervention with limited angulation (i.e., lung biopsy). Non-X-ray-related imaging is usually adapted for percutaneous interventions such as biopsy, drainage and ablation in solid organs like kidney or liver; MRI intervention is used in limited number of centers for various percutaneous interventions (i.e., mammary, bone or kidney), and electromagnetic image guidance enables navigation on pre-procedural CT scan imaging for percutaneous interventions with larger angle accesses. With multimodality image guidance, the combination from two 3D image sets improve pre-procedural images Tacher, V and Kobeiter, H. State of the Art of Image Guidance in Interventional Radiology. Journal of the Belgian Society of Radiology. 2018; 102(S1): 7, 1–2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/jbsr.1641 CHU Henri Mondor, FR Corresponding author: Vania Tacher (vania.tacher@aphp.fr) SHORT ABSTRACT State of the Art of Image Guidance in Interventional Radiology Vania Tacher and Hicham Kobeiter
Everything You Wish to Know About Memristors but Are Afraid to Ask

This paper classifies all memristors into three classes called Ideal, Generic, or Extended memristors. A subclass of Generic memristors is related to Ideal memristors via a one-to-one mathematical transformation, and is hence called Ideal Generic memristors. The concept of non-volatile memories is defined and clarified with illustrations. Several fundamental new concepts, including Continuum-memory memristor, POP (acronym for Power-Off Plot), DC V-I Plot, and Quasi DC V-I Plot, are rigorously defined and clarified with colorful illustrations. Among many colorful pictures the shoelace DC V-I Plot stands out as both stunning and illustrative. Even more impressive is that this bizarre shoelace plot has an exact analytical representation via 2 explicit functions of the state variable, derived by a novel parametric approach invented by the author.
Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Antimicrobial Activities of the Leaf Extracts of Luffa cylindrica

Introduction: Luffa cylindrica have been used traditionally in the treatment and management of several disease conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties of leaf extracts of the plant, and identifying some of its phytoconstituents. Methods: The crude ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts were evaluated for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities using the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and paw-fluid displacement methods, respectively. The extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity using the agar well diffusion and agar dilution methods. The ethyl acetate leaf extract of the plant was further subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography-diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) analysis for the identification of the bioactive compounds. Results: The ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of L. cylindrica showed average antioxidant properties at 100 µg/mL, with inhibitions of 53.31% and 54.73% respectively. The ethanol extract displayed significant anti-inflammatory activity at 50 mg/Kg with an inhibition of 31.1% compared to 39.7% recorded for the control (diclofenac). The ethyl acetate extract produced an inhibition of 15%. In the antimicrobial evaluation, the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts showed moderate antibacterial activity against S. aureus, S. Typhi and B. subtilis. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited considerable antimicrobial activity against the test isolates compared to the ethanol extract. HPLC-DAD analysis of the ethyl acetate extract suggested the presence of two flavonoid compounds - luteolin and apigenin as key components of the leaf extract of L. cylindrica. These compounds are known to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the leaf extracts of L. cylindrica possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.
The influence of seed maturity at harvest and drying method on the embryo, α-amylase activity and seed vigour in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

Seed lots of sorghum cv. IS 34213 were produced by harvesting either at the time of black layer formation on the endosperm (equivalent to maximum seed dry weight) or at full maturity and then dried either slowly under shaded conditions or rapidly in the sun. Small seeds had the lowest viability and vigour in each of the seed lots. Seeds harvested at full maturity were of higher vigour and this was not decreased by the drying method. Low vigour seeds showed the greatest decline in performance after ageing. Low vigour was associated with low initial viability (K i ), low final laboratory germination percentage, a long lag phase before germination, poor seedling performance and a large proportion of non-viable or incompletely vitally stained seed embryos. Alpha-amylase activity in germinating seeds was related to seed vigour.
Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and effect of vitamin D supplementation on feto-maternal outcome in tertiary care centre

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is widely prevalent throughout the world. Pregnant women, neonates and infants form most vulnerable groups for vitamin D deficiency. Hypovitaminosis D in pregnancy has been reported to cause various fetomaternal effect, i.e. increased risk of preeclampsia (PE), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), caesarean section, hypocalcemia, subclinical myopathy, neonatal tetany, hyperbilirubinemia congenital rickets and infantile rickets, etc. Only few Indian studies are available in this regard. The objectives are to find prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and to evaluate the effect of supplementation with cholecalciferol in improving vitamin D levels in pregnant women and evaluate its correlation with feto-maternal outcome.Methods: A prospective observational was conducted on 120 Pregnant women on their first visit to hospital irrespective of gestational age were offered the test and on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria are included in study and vitamin D level was done to know the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. Apart from routine obstetrical investigation, serum vitamin D (total) level was estimated. All results were recorded and analyzed statically.Results: Out of 120 patients 101 (84.1%) were found to be vitamin D deficient. Mean age of vitamin D deficient group was 28.31±3.86 and sufficient group was 26.37±2.83. 81 (67.5%) were vegetarian and 39 (32.5%) were nonvegetarian.75 (92.59%) vegetarian and 26 (66.66%) non-vegetarian found to be vitamin D deficient. (p<0.05). Vitamin D supplementation has been observed to reduce risk of preeclampsia. (p<0.05) and vitamin D sufficiency associated with reduced risk of low birth weight babies.Conclusions: Vitamin D supplementation reduces risk of maternal comorbidities and helps improve neonatal outcomes.