Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Endogenous Money in the Age of Financial Liberalization

The paper reports that no statistically significant empirical relationship can be shown between total bank credit and the US broad money supply in the period after 1995. It argues that the growing prevalence of non-bank deposits in the form of mutual money market funds and asset securitization are the main culprits for this result. Prior to financial liberalization, the connection between total bank credit and broad money supply was simple enough: new bank deposits were created when banks made loans and were extinguished when loans were paid back. In banks' consolidated balance sheet, total deposits made up total liabilities and were basically equal to the broad money supply. However, in the age of financial liberalization not all deposits bank loans created returned as deposits, whether in banks or non-banks, as deposits could be swapped for non-deposit liabilities without a corresponding draw down on the asset side. Moreover, loans could be extinguished in banks' balance sheets through asset securitization.
Preliminary Study of the Relationship between Guilt Resolution and Depression in a Gerontological Population

An individual interview process was used to investigate the relationship between proneness to depression in a gerontological sample and their evaluation of critical life incidents. High and low depressed individuals were asked to recall prideful and guiltful incidents from their past, and discrepancy scores were obtained between their past and present evaluations of those events. Limited evidence supported the hypothesis that individuals with higher proneness to depression showed a greater negative discrepancy in evaluations of critical life incidents. Subjects did not differ in the content of their recalled incidents as a function of guilt type or guilt referent.
Philadelphia positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia of childhood

On current chemotherapeutic regimens, children with Philadelphia positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia show a heterogeneous response to treatment. A few respond quickly to treatment and achieve long‐term remission. Some fail to achieve remission after induction and the majority respond slowly to treatment. Relapse on treatment is common and remission is sustained in a proportion of cases only after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT). The use of imatinib along with conventional cytoreductive therapy, prior to allo‐SCT appears to be the most promising strategy. The future lies in the molecular evaluation of response to treatment and combination targeted chemotherapy.
Summary : Graphical Models for Stereo from Videos

Vision-based stereo has a solid support from the visual perception, is also a fundamental part of the broader 3D reconstruction problem, and is a classical problem in not only 3D computer vision [3, 10, 2] but also photogrammetry [3]. The key task of stereo is to estimate the depth from the camera to any point in a stationery object, or equivalently the disparity of the same object point in two different views. The disparity or depth is the key information for 3D reconstruction, display and visualization, as well as scene understanding or parsing, and robotic perception. Surely, it is natural to think about obtaining depth in a physical way as widely done in photogrammetry, rather than an algorithmic way. There are numerous range sensors in the market: active range scanner, structured light scanner, RGB-D sensors (essentially infrared cameras or formally thermographic cameras) such as Primesense Sensor embedded in the Microsoft Kinect with a projector, laser scanners such as Velodyne LIDAR Sensor used in Google Autonomous Cars, and so on. Once breaking the black-box, we will know that RGB-D cameras rely on either active stereo or time-of-fight sensing to generate depth estimates [4]. Nonetheless, they do have application limitations, such as the distance
Fistulas first--but can they last?

Efforts during the past 5 to 10 years to increase the proportion of patients in the United States who receive maintenance hemodialysis via a native arteriovenous (AV) fistula have been successful. In 2008, 55% of prevalent patients in the United State were undergoing dialysis via a fistula compared
Earth pressure prediction in sealed chamber of shield machine based on parallel least squares support vector machine optimized by cooperative particle swarm optimization

Earth pressure in sealed chamber is affected by multisystem and multifield coupling during shield tunneling process, so it is difficult to establish a mechanism earth pressure control model. Therefore, a data-driven modeling method of earth pressure in sealed chamber is proposed, which is based on parallel least squares support vector machine optimized by parallel cooperative particle swarm (parallel cooperative particle swarm optimization-partial least squares support vector machine). The vectors are parallel studied according to different hierarchies firstly, then the initial classifiers are updated by using cross-feedback method to retrain the vectors, and finally the vectors are merged to obtain the support vectors. The parameters of least squares support vector machine are optimized by the parallel cooperative particle swarm optimization, so as to predict quickly for large-scale data. Finally, the simulation experiment is carried out based on in-site measured data, and the results show that the method has high computing efficiency and prediction accuracy. The method has directive significance for engineering application.
An assessment of hand volumetric and temperature changes during office related repetitive activities.

BACKGROUND Hand usage and movement is routinely performed by all individuals daily irrespective of age. These movements can vary and can be repetitive in nature. Exposure of the hard and soft tissues of the hand to prolonged repetitive activities could contribute to the development of work related upper limb disorders (WRULD). OBJECTIVE Within the work setting, work related upper limb disorders (WRULDs) rank high in the United Kingdom (UK), second only to back complaints. This paper reports the amount of tendon travel and swelling that occurs in the hand during repetitive office activities associated with WRULDs. PARTICIPANTS Nine healthy adults (five males; four females) participated in the study. METHODS A 30-minute laboratory-based simulated office activity that consisted of data entry, mouse clicking and dragging, and mouse scrolling tasks was performed. Participants wore a custom-made cost effective flexible electrogoniometric glove (FEG) as two experimental conditions were tested; namely, FEG - only, and FEG using a Splint (FEG - Splint). RESULTS The FEG - only condition produced a higher overall tendon travel compared to the FEG - Splint condition. Both hands presented no statistically significant differences in hand temperature (p > 0.05) and hand volume increments (p > 0.05) with respect to the FEG - only and FEG - Splint office activity experiments. All participants that showed a decrease in hand volumetric measurement produced final temperature measurements lower than initial temperature measurements taken at the commencement of the experiment. Based on participants' perception, the mouse scrolling task was deemed as most strenuous. CONCLUSION The findings can help to advise patients on biomechanical 'risks' associated with repetitive activities.
TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS; HOMOCYSTEINE, TOTAL ANTI-OXIDANT LEVELS AND VITAMINS IN PATIENTS OF DIFFERENT DURATION

Objectives: To access the Homocystein and Antioxidant Status in Patient with Variation in Duration of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Data source: 90 selected patients suffering from Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DMT2) and 30 subjects as control group. Design of study: Case Control Study. Setting: Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad. Period: July 2013 – March 2014. Materials & methods: Out of 120 selected subjects, 30 were assigned as control, (group 1) and 90 of DMT2. Based on duration, patients of DMT2 were divided into; group 2 (DMT2 <5 years), 3 (DMT2 = 5-10 years) and group 4 (DMT2 >10 years). Smokers, renal failure, coronary artery disease, thyroid disease and patients on antioxidant treatment were excluded from the study. DMT2 was diagnosed according to American Diabetes Association standards. The fasting plasma glucose levels were measured by glucose oxidase method; HbA1c by automated kit, TAC by calorimetric TAC Assay Kit (BioVision), Vitamin C and E by ELISA Kit (HUMAN) while homocysteine measured by AXSYM HCY assay kit (ABBOTT). Cut off values for HbA1c was taken as ≤6%; FBS ≤110 mg/dl; TAC ≥1.16 mmol/L; Vitamin C ≥2 mg/dl; Vitamin E ≥ 9.5nmol/ml and homocysteine was < 6.3 μmol/L. Results: As the duration of DMT2 increases, levels of vitamin C and TAC fall significantly (p <0.05) in all groups except between groups 1 & 2; however, vitamin E, decreased significantly in all the groups with increased DMT2 duration. A significantly increased level of HbA1c was noticed in groups 2, 3 and 4 compared to group 1 with increased DMT2 duration. The fasting blood sugar increased significantly in all the groups except between group 3 and 4. ANOVA showed significant differences (p <0.05) between each group and within the groups when Hb1Ac, vitamin E, vitamin C, & TAC were compared. A positive significant correlation was observed when HbA1c was correlated with FBS; TAC correlated with vitamin C and E and between vitamin C and vitamin E. Conclusions: The levels of TAC, vitamin C and E gradually decrease with increased DMT2 duration; so should be supplemented in diabetics. TAC status can be taken as early marker to detect complications while homocysteine levels to prevent diabetic complications.
Properties of influenza C virus grown in cell culture

Influenza C virus was propagated successfully in primary chicken embryo lung (CEL) and fibroblast cells and in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. In other cell lines, either no virus or only noninfectious hemagglutinin (HA) was produced. In productively infected cells (CEL), HA and infectious virus appeared by 24 h and reached a maximum by 36 to 48 h, cell-associated virus remaining at a constant low level. Infected Vero cells produced noninfective HA by 24 h which also remained predominantly cell associated until 60 to 72 h, when the cells disintegrated. Viral antigen was demonstrable on membranes of both CEL- and Vero-infected cells at 24 h; Vero cells yielded membrane vesicles containing HA, but none of the spherical or filamentous viral particles synthesized in CEL cells. Influenza C virus produced in cell culture or in eggs differed in several important respects from A and B viruses and from Newcastle diseases virus. All influenza C preparations, regardless of infectivity or source, lacked detectable neuraminidase activity, yet retained the ability specifically to inactivate receptors only for influenza C. Influenza C HA was not inhibited by soluble glycoproteins highly active against HA of A virus. A rat serum glycoprotein uniquely inhibited influenza C by binding to the surface components of virious.
Effect of troglitazone in insulin-treated patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Troglitazone and Exogenous Insulin Study Group.

BACKGROUND Troglitazone is a new oral antidiabetic drug that increases the sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin. It may therefore increase the efficacy of exogenous insulin in patients with insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus. METHODS We studied the effect of troglitazone or placebo in 350 patients with poorly controlled non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus (glycosylated hemoglobin values, 8 to 12 percent; normal, 4.3 to 6.1 percent) despite therapy with at least 30 U of insulin daily. The patients were randomly assigned to receive 200 mg of troglitazone (116 patients), 600 mg of troglitazone (116 patients), or placebo (118 patients) daily for 26 weeks. Insulin doses were not increased and were reduced only to prevent hypoglycemia. Glycosylated hemoglobin, serum glucose while fasting, serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured 5 times during an 8-week base-line period and 10 times during the 26-week treatment period. Daily insulin doses were recorded during both periods. RESULTS Ninety percent of the patients completed the study. The adjusted mean glycosylated hemoglobin values decreased by 0.8 and 1.4 percentage points, respectively, in the group given 200 mg of troglitazone and the group given 600 mg of troglitazone, and fasting serum glucose concentrations decreased by 35 and 49 mg per deciliter (1.9 and 2.7 mmol per liter), respectively, despite decreases in the insulin dose of 11 percent and 29 percent (P<0.001 for all comparisons with the placebo group). Serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations increased slightly and serum triglyceride concentrations decreased slightly in the troglitazone-treated patients. CONCLUSIONS When given in conjunction with insulin, troglitazone improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
The modes of action of some anti-protozoal drugs

In spite of the continuing need for new and improved anti-protozoal drugs for use in man, a considerable contraction of industrially based research on anti-protozoal drugs has occurred in recent years. Newton (1983) reviewed the reasons for this decline and presented a compelling argument that fundamental research on the biology of the parasites is essential for the discovery of leads for the development of a new generation of drugs – a rational chemotherapy. The rapid advance in knowledge of the biochemistry of parasitic protozoa which has occurred in recent years has provided a number of potential leads to new drug development and has permitted a greater understanding of the mode of action of many current drugs. The account of these advances which follows is necessarily selective and relates to protozoan parasites of man.
Apoptosis in hepatitis C

Summary. The apoptotic process appears to be a host defence mechanism against viral infections and tumourigenesis. However, many viral genomes encode proteins, which repress apoptosis so as to escape from immune attack by the host. Therefore, virus–host interactions may determine viral persistence, extent and severity of liver inflammation and possibly viral hepatocarcinogenesis. Apoptosis of liver cells may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C. Pathomorphologic features of increased apoptosis include shrinkage and fragmentation of nuclei/cytoplasm in piecemeal necrosis areas, acidophilic bodies, and focal cell dropout in the liver lobule. The hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein exhibits both proapoptotic or antiapoptotic actions. Modulation of apoptosis may involve binding of HCV core protein to the intracellular signal transducing portion of death receptors and displacement of signalling molecules. Apoptosis may occur in the absence of significant transaminase elevation, thereby explaining the lack of correlation between biochemical activity and liver cell histological injury. Monitoring caspase activation might provide a reliable tool to estimate the efficacy of HCV therapy, and might open challenging therapeutic strategies in HCV infection. The antiviral effect of interferon may be mediated through induction of apoptosis. Lastly, administration of the antiapoptotic ursodeoxycholic acid in HCV infection is compatible with the notion that apoptosis may represent a mechanism for viral shedding rather than for viral elimination, thereby raising the concept that inhibition of apoptosis could ameliorate hepatitis C.
Metasomatism in oceanic and continental lithospheric mantle: introduction

s CD. BODINIER, J.-L. , MENZIES, M. A. , SHIMIZU, N. , FREY, F. A. & MCPHERSON, E. 2004. Silicate, hydrous and carbonate metasomatism at Lherz, France: contemporaneous derivatives of silicate melt–harzburgite reaction. Journal of Petrology, 45, 299–320. BONADIMAN, C. , BECCALUVA, L. , COLTORTI, M. & SIENA, F. 2005. Kimberlite-like Metasomatism and ‘garnet signature’ in spinel-peridotite xenoliths from Sal, Cape Verde archipelago: relics of a subcontinental mantle domain within the Atlantic oceanic lithosphere? Journal of Petrology, 46, 2465–2493. METASOMATISM IN OCEANIC AND CONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERIC MANTLE 7
Extending Bayesian network models for mining and classification of glaucoma

Glaucoma is a degenerative disease that damages the nerve fiber layer in the retina of the eye. Its mechanisms are not fully known and there is no fully-effective strategy to prevent visual impairment and blindness. However, if treatment is carried out at an early stage, it is possible to slow glaucomatous progression and improve the quality of life of sufferers. Despite the great amount of heterogeneous data that has become available for monitoring glaucoma, the performance of tests for early diagnosis are still insufficient, due to the complexity of disease progression and the difficulties in obtaining sufficient measurements. This research aims to assess and extend Bayesian Network (BN) models to investigate the nature of the disease and its progression, as well as improve early diagnosis performance. The flexibility of BNs and their ability to integrate with clinician expertise make them a suitable tool to effectively exploit the available data. After presenting the problem, a series of BN models for cross-sectional data classification and integration are assessed; novel techniques are then proposed for classification and modelling of glaucoma progression. The results are validated against literature, direct expert knowledge and other Artificial Intelligence techniques, indicating that BNs and their proposed extensions improve glaucoma diagnosis performance and enable new insights into the disease process.
Nerve Regeneration through Synthetic Biodegradable Nerve Guides: Regulation by the Target Organ

The successful regeneration of a multifascicular, complete peripheral nerve through a tubular synthetic biodegradable nerve guide across a gap of 10 mm in the rat sciatic nerve is reported. The importance of the distal nerve as a source of target-derived neuronotrophic factors necessary for the successful regeneration of the proximal regenerating nerve is emphasized. A simplified research model for further investigation into and manipulation of the biological processes of nerve regeneration is described. The potential clinical utilization of this model in the management of peripheral nerve injuries and, ultimately, central nervous system lesions is mentioned.
Réception et analyse d'une fiction contrefactuelle : une approche de la primauté de l'expérience à l'école maternelle

Les albums jeunesse fournissent un acces a la modelisation analogique et a la confrontation entre fiction et monde physique. Ils peuvent donc contribuer a l'apprentissage de competences pre-scientifiques. Nous avons confronte des eleves de maternelle et de CP a une fiction contrefactuelle (Plouf ! de Philippe Corentin) lors d'une sequence en demarche d'investigation. Nous analysons les comportements induits ; plusieurs mois apres l'exercice, ils s'averent toujours capables de naviguer consciemment et explicitement entre le monde physique et l'univers de la fiction et expriment majoritairement la primaute de l'experience sur la fiction.
Renal pathology in Fabry disease.

Fabry disease is an X-linked recessive lysosomal storage disease that is caused by deficient activity of the lysosomal enzyme α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A), an enzyme that cleaves terminal α-galactosyl residues. This deficiency results in progressive lysosomal accumulation of glycosphingolipid with
Influence of stage of lactation on quantitative and qualitative milk production parameters in goats

Goat lactation is synonymous to an agricultural production function with three distinct production regions namely: early, mid and late lactation. It is characterised by an increase in milk yield in early lactation to a possible peak in the mid lactation and then a decline in milk yield as it reaches the end of lactation. However, the other milk constituencies (protein, fat, lactose, etc ) do not follow the same trend as total milk yield through the 3 lactation stages. Therefore, it is suffice to suggest that the understanding of the physiological changes in these stages of lactation is crucial in maximizing milk production in goats. The present discussion explores the importance of different stages of lactation in milk production in influencing yield and milk composition. Milk yield and its composition are influenced by various factors, among these stage of lactation is very significant. The proportion of protein, lactose, fat and total solids declined slightly with advance in lactation and a steady fall in milk yield. This is on the basis that milk yield is a function of the number of mammary secretory cells and their metabolic activity change during the course of lactation. The significant stage of lactation effect in most studies may have practical implications in determining optimal feeding management to maximize total lactation yield and milk composition. Therefore, the knowledge of physiological activities during different stages of lactation is critical to dairy animal nutrition and management decision support systems for optimization of goat dairy flock production processes.
ericardial Effusion After Cardiac Surgery : Risk actors , Patient Profiles , and Contemporary anagement

c c a e e Background. We aimed to review recent experience at ur institution in the diagnosis and treatment of pericarial effusion after cardiac surgery and to identify risk actors for its development. Methods. We searched our clinical database for paients 18 years or older who had cardiac surgery with ardiopulmonary bypass from 1993 through 2005. For atients with pericardial effusion (study group), medical ecords were reviewed to evaluate its manifestations and anagement. To identify risk factors for effusion, study atients were compared with patients without effusions. second analysis compared the study group with a ohort without effusions who had routine postoperative chocardiographic examination. Results. Of 21,416 patients identified, 327 (1.5%) had ericardial effusion (study group), 280 (86%) of whom ad nonspecific symptoms. Clinical features of tamponde were documented in 138 patients (42%). Effusions ere evacuated by echocardiography-guided pericardioentesis (n 169, 52%) or surgical drainage (n 75, 23%).
Dabigatran: Will it change clinical practice?

Dabigatran (Pradaxa) is a new oral anticoagulant approved in the United States for the primary prevention of stroke and systemic embolization in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. It offers clinicians an alternative to warfarin (Coumadin), and it has received considerable interest because of its convenience of use, clinical efficacy, and safety profile. However, it is more expensive, and this may limit its widespread use. This new oral anticoagulant has advantages over warfarin (Coumadin), but it is more expensive, which may pose a barrier to its wider use.