Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS AND APPLICATION OF LINEAMENTS EXTRACTION USING GF-1 SATELLITE IMAGES IN LOESS COVERED

Abstract. Faults, folds and other tectonics regions belong to the weak areas of geology, will form linear geomorphology as a result of erosion, which appears as lineaments on the earth surface. Lineaments control the distribution of regional formation, groundwater, and geothermal, etc., so it is an important indicator for the evaluation of the strength and stability of the geological structure. The current algorithms mostly are artificial visual interpretation and computer semi-automatic extraction, not only time-consuming, but labour-intensive. It is difficult to guarantee the accuracy due to the dependence on the expert’s knowledge, experience, and the computer hardware and software. Therefore, an integrated algorithm is proposed based on the GF-1 satellite image data, taking the loess area in the northern part of Jinlinghe basin as an example. Firstly, the best bands with 4-3-2 composition is chosen using optimum index factor (OIF). Secondly, line edge is highlighted by Gaussian high-pass filter and tensor voting. Finally, the Hough Transform is used to detect the geologic lineaments. Thematic maps of geological structure in this area are mapped through the extraction of lineaments. The experimental results show that, influenced by the northern margin of Qinling Mountains and the declined Weihe Basin, the lineaments are mostly distributed over the terrain lines, and mainly in the NW, NE, NNE, and ENE directions. It provided a reliable basis for analysing tectonic stress trend because of the agreement with the existing regional geological survey. The algorithm is more practical and has higher robustness, less disturbed by human factors.
An Investigation on Students’ Metacognitive Awareness and Their Achievement in EFL Study

Metacognition has been developing into a key word of the English as Foreign L anguage (EFL) study in the previoustwo decades. The present paper probed into the relationship between students'metacognitive awareness and their performance in theEFLachievement test. By the employment of the Matecognitive Awarness Inventory (MAI), data analysis showedthatstudents'MAI scores had a significant correlation with their grades in the Chinese National English level test (Band 4). The result indicated thatlanguage learners showing general higher metacognitive awareness performed better in the achivement test. The investigation proved the positive relationshipe between students' metacognitive awareness,especially in the factor of knowledge of cognition, and their accomplishment in EFL study.The paper then proposed that proper integration of metacognition cultivation with university English educationshould be an effective strategy in promoting students' fulfillment in EFL study.
Open pollination efficiency on field-grown tomato compared with isolated under similar condition.

The experiment was conducted at Agriculture Faculty Research Station at Mu`tah University (Karak, Jordan) during 2007/2008 growing season to study and evaluated the effect of natural pollination agents on tomato production parameters cultivated in open field compared with those isolated with muslin cloth without pollinator agents in similar field condition. Five rows for natural open-pollinated and five caged tomato rows were evaluated in the field. Both treatments were conducted under normal Mediterranean climate conditions. Data of 15 plants were randomly selected in each row were recorded and analyzed statistically. Pollination effectiveness was compared among the treatments by using the percentage of fruit set, fruit weight, fruit size, fruit firmness and the number of seeds per fruit. Results showed that the open and naturally pollinated field-grown tomato which exposed to different pollination agents, extremely had higher fruit set percentage, which increased double of those isolated by muslin cloth. Open pollinated field-grown tomato treatment inflorescence fruits weight and number was two and half fold higher than in the isolated plants. Also, fruits size and seed number per fruits indicated a significant increasing for the open field-grown tomato compared with the isolated plant. Fruits were also significantly rounder and better appearance.
Using a social-ecological model in development of treatment programs that target behavior change.

Horticultural therapy and therapeutic horticulture programs often lack a clearly specified theoretical foundation or conceptual model, thus it is difficult to clearly articulate the outcomes a patient or client may experience from the program. One approach that may help with this challenge is to use a social-ecological model in horticultural therapy programming. Social ecology is the study of the influence of the social context on behavior, including institutional and cultural variables and is used to develop practical guidelines for designing, implementing, and evaluating health promotion programs. The most common models to describe this approach are 5-level (individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policy) or 4-level (individual, relationship, community, and societal) and can be represented by an onion, with one level wrapping around another. For an intervention to be effective it must address multiple levels since, through research, we know that factors at multiple levels affect human behavior. This paper will explain the social-ecological model and provide an example of how it can be used to develop an intervention.
Correlation Of Fat Intake And Waist To Hip Ratio (WHR) With Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Concentration In Menopause Women At Posyandu Ngudi Waluyo Surakarta

Beside hormonal factors, high intake of fat and waist to hip ratio (WHR) are predicted as risk factors to the increasing of LDL levels in menopause women. The aim of the present study was to assess the association of fat intake and WHR with LDL levels in menopause women. A cross sectional study was conducted in a simple random sample of 33 menopause women aged 45-65 years old in Posyandu Ngudi Waluyo Surakarta. An average of three 24-hour dietary recalls of each woman was analyzed using Nutrisurvey to obtain fat intake. WHR and LDL concentration on each respondent were undertaken. The results of the research showed that 17 participants (51.5%) had high intake of fat, 26 participants (78.8%) with WHR more than 0.85 cm and 15 (45%) had LDL concentration above 150 mg/dL. There was no relationship between fat intake and LDL concentration (p=0.139) as well as WHR and LDL levels (p=0.67). This research concluded that both fat intake and WHR appeared not to be the risk factor to the increasing of LDL level in menopause women at the Posyandu Ngudi Waluyo Surakarta.
Using Visual Learning in A & P Textbooks

new Anatomy and Phys iology textbook uses a visual learning strategy to address the needs of students deficient in academic literacy skills, replacing most of the traditional textual narrative with illustrations and annotated labels. Although visual learners may benefit from this new approach, the lack of a textual narrative reduces the effectiveness of the textbook for non -visual learners. Additionally, this approach is more effective for anatomical structures, and less so for physiological processes.
The Belgian Salmonella surveillance programme 2005

3 Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain, DG Control Policy, Brussels, Belgium. Abstract The Belgian Salmonella Surveillance Programme on pig farms, organized by the Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain, started in January 2005. The programme is built up in several stages. In the first stage the 10 % farms with the highest seropreva- lence (number of positive samples per farm) are identified. In the second stage, a follow- up programme is set up and implemented on these farms by the farm veterinarian and a specialist of the Animal Health Services. Blood samples taken as part of the national Aujeszky programme from fattening pigs with different weight categories and age are analysed for the detection of Salmonella. Serum samples from 50 randomly selected herds (N=50) were analysed for Salmonella-specific antibodies with an indirect ELISA (Idexx) and reported as s/p-ratio's. Results showed that 47, 39 and 28 herds were positive with a cut-off value of 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 respectively. A herd was defined as positive when one animal tested positive. The first results will determine the cut-off value to be used in the Belgian Salmonella Surveillance Programme. Introduction Belgium is the third most important exporting country of pig meat in the world. With a production of 11 million fattening pigs a year, 50% accounts for domestic consumption and the remaining half is exported worldwide (FPS Economy - Statistics Division, 2004). In 2003 the National Reference Centre for Salmonella and Shigella (NRSS) received 12.894 human Salmonella isolates (Table 1) of which S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium are the most prevalent serotypes. Forty percent of all cases of human salmonellosis occurs in children younger than five years of age. During the summer (July until September) the NRSS counted more than 1.500 cases of human salmonellosis a month. From the end of the eighties until 1999 the number of cases of human salmonellosis in Belgium increased significantly and peaked in 1999 with a total number of 15.774 cases. This increase is mainly caused by the increase of Salmonella Enteritidis, mainly due to the consumption of fresh eggs. Nevertheless 20 % of all cases of human salmonellosis at this moment in Belgium are originating from pork (NRRS, 2003). Food safety has been a high political priority during the last decade in Belgium and the rest of the world. Other European countries such as Denmark, The Netherlands and Germany also have Salmonella control pro- grammes implemented. Since January 1st 2005, the Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain has launched a Salmonella Surveillance Programme in pig herds based on serological screening on these herds. The pres- ent study describes the preliminary results of 50 randomly selected herds.
The Kadanoff–Baym approach to double excitations in finite systems

We benchmark many-body perturbation theory by studying neutral, as well as non-neutral, excitations of finite lattice systems. The neutral excitation spectra are obtained by time-propagating the Kadanoff–Baym equations in the Hartree–Fock and the second Born approximations. Our method is equivalent to solving the Bethe–Salpeter equation with a high-level kernel while respecting self-consistency, which guarantees the fulfillment of a frequency sum rule. As a result, we find that a time-local method, such as Hartree–Fock, can give incomplete spectra, while already the second Born approximation, which is the simplest time-non-local approximation, reproduces well most of the additional excitations, which are characterized as double excitations.
The Effect of Chloride Salts on the Texture, Microstructure and Stability of Meat Batters

The uncooked MgCl 2 batter showed the poorest fat binding. The monovalent chloride salts produced stable cooked batters, whereas both divalent salts did not. High correlation was found between water and fat loss and total cookout losses from cooked batters. Texture was significantly affected by the type of chloride salt used. Microstructural differences between treatments reflected differences in batter stability and appeared to explain some of the textural differences
A comparison of methods to estimate vertical land motion trends from GNSS and altimetry at tide gauge stations

Abstract. Tide gauge (TG) records are affected by vertical land motion (VLM), causing them to observe relative instead of geocentric sea level. VLM can be estimated from global navigation satellite system (GNSS) time series, but only a few TGs are equipped with a GNSS receiver. Hence, (multiple) neighboring GNSS stations can be used to estimate VLM at the TG. This study compares eight approaches to estimate VLM trends at 570 TG stations using GNSS by taking into account all GNSS trends with an uncertainty smaller than 1 mm yr−1 within 50 km. The range between the methods is comparable with the formal uncertainties of the GNSS trends. Taking the median of the surrounding GNSS trends shows the best agreement with differenced altimetry–tide gauge (ALT–TG) trends. An attempt is also made to improve VLM trends from ALT–TG time series. Only using highly correlated along-track altimetry and TG time series reduces the SD of ALT–TG time series by up to 10 %. As a result, there are spatially coherent changes in the trends, but the reduction in the root mean square (RMS) of differences between ALT–TG and GNSS trends is insignificant. However, setting correlation thresholds also acts like a filter to remove problematic TG time series. This results in sets of ALT–TG VLM trends at 344–663 TG locations, depending on the correlation threshold. Compared to other studies, we decrease the RMS of differences between GNSS and ALT–TG trends (from 1.47 to 1.22 mm yr−1), while we increase the number of locations (from 109 to 155), Depending on the methods the mean of differences between ALT–TG and GNSS trends vary between 0.1 and 0.2 mm yr−1. We reduce the mean of the differences by taking into account the effect of elastic deformation due to present-day mass redistribution. At varying ALT–TG correlation thresholds, we provide new sets of trends for 759 to 939 different TG stations. If both GNSS and ALT–TG trend estimates are available, we recommend using the GNSS trend estimates because residual ocean signals might correlate over long distances. However, if large discrepancies ( > 3 mm yr−1) between the two methods are present, local VLM differences between the TG and the GNSS station are likely the culprit and therefore it is better to take the ALT–TG trend estimate. GNSS estimates for which only a single GNSS station and no ALT–TG estimate are available might still require some inspection before they are used in sea level studies.
ISOLATION OF OLIGOSTILBENES FROM Shorea bracteolate ( Pemisahan Oligostilbene daripada Shorea bracteolate )

Phytochemical investigation has been carried out on the stem bark of Shorea bracteolate . Three known oligomeric stilbene compounds, namely vaticanol A (1), stepnophyllol C (2) and hopeaphenol A (3) were isolated from the acetone extract of the plant. The structure of the isolated compounds were determined based on the analysis of spectroscopic data, including Nucleus Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Ultra Violet (UV), Infrared (IR) and comparison with literature.
Differential effects of propofol on gamma-band activity across cortical and thalamic sites in the rat, in vivo

Objective. Gamma (γ) oscillations (30-200 Hz) are intrinsic brain rhythms that are important for arousal and conscious processes. Although general anesthetics (GAs) cause concentration-dependent reductions of γ activity evoked by stimulation, their effect on spontaneously occurring γ oscillations remain largely unclear. The author investigated the concentration-dependent effects of propofol on behavior and spontaneous γ-oscillations. Methods. Adult male Long-Evans rats (n=9) were chronically implanted with electrodes in the barrel cortex and ventroposteromedial thalamus. Spontaneous γ-power was assessed over different propofol plasma-concentrations (0, 3,6,9,12 μg/ml, and recovery) and frequency ranges (30-50, 51-75, 76-125, 126-500 Hz). Behavior was scored based on rearing, ambulation and jumping (n=6). Anesthesia was defined as loss of righting reflex. Results. Anesthesia occurred at the 9μg/ml concentration. Three patterns of γ-power change were identified. The first one was an inverted-U shaped pattern found within cortical (30-75 Hz) and thalamic (30-50 Hz) recordings. The second was a plateau-drop pattern, representing no change across sub-anesthetic concentration, followed by a drop with onset of anesthesia. This occurred in the cortex (76-200 Hz) and thalamus (51-75 Hz). Finally a concentration-dependent linear decline pattern was observed in the thalamus across the 76-125 Hz and 126-200 Hz range. Increased ambulation and jumping was observed at sub-anesthetic concentrations coinciding with the inverted-U shape pattern. Conclusions. These results demonstrate that the effects of GAs effect on spontaneous γ oscillations depend on drug concentration, recording site and frequency range investigated.
Comparison of soil carbon stocks in two cropping systems as affected by nitrogen application levels

This study aimed to trace possible changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) at different soil depths when treated with different levels on nitrogen fertilizer, in both conventional tillage and reduced tillage systems. The experiment was undertaken in Lonnstorp research station at SLU, Alnarp in south west of Sweden, as a part of a long term experiment. The results agreed with the hypothesis that implied there will be no difference in the amount of soil organic carbon in the soil profile between conventional tillage and reduced tillage systems. But results did not certify other hypothesis of higher SOC in top 20 cm of soil in reduced tillage and neither did they comply with hypothesis of higher SOC in 20-50 cm depth in conventional tillage system. Furthermore, higher levels of N fertilization showed no significant effect on the amount of SOC in soil profile in neither of the systems. In order to encourage farmers to include operations to preserve SOC a case study was included in the socio-economic part and discussed. Since the monetary terms and conditions make the idea more acceptable to farmers, the suggested idea in the case study to provide a carbon-exchange system where the total value of the sequestered carbon can be sold and bought like shares seemed to be suitable, but its feasibility in all countries is questionable. In places where providing incentives to the farmers to sequester carbon in the soil is considered, the longevity of this action for many years is required, due to the nature of SOC.
Physical conditions derived from O II recombination lines in planetary nebulae and their implications

Based on high quality observations of multiplet V1 of O II and the NLTE atomic computations for O II we study the density and temperature of a sample of PNe. We find that, in general, the densities derived from recombination lines of O II are similar to the densities derived from forbidden lines. This implies that the signature for oxygen rich clumps of high density and low temperature is absent in most of the objects of our sample. Electron pressures derived from the hotter zones are similar or slightly larger than those derived from the colder zones, suggesting the presence of shock waves. The average temperatures and t 2 values derived from H, He and O lines are similar and consistent with chemical homogeneity. These results suggest that the abundances of these objects are the ones derived from recombination lines.
Beginner's guide to neural networks for the MNIST dataset using MATLAB

MNIST dataset is a database containing images of handwritten digits, with each image labeled by an integer from 0 to 9. It is used to benchmark the performance of machine learning algorithms. Neural networks for MNIST are regarded as the starting point of the studying machine learning algorithms. However it is not easy to start the actual programming. In this expository article, we will give a step-by-step instruction to build neural networks for MNIST dataset using MATLAB.
Comparative phytochemical and in vitro antimicrobial activities of the leaf extracts of two medicinal plants growing in North-East, Nigeria

Introduction: The use of plants as medicine is as old as chemistry and common to all societies including the African, notably some parts of Northern Nigeria. Infectious diseases are among the causes of mortality and morbidity in rural areas endemic with hygienic problems in most developing countries including Nigeria. Two plant species with similar ethnomedical reports from different families were used in this study against some microorganisms. Their phytochemicals were also evaluated. Methods: The leaf samples of Punica granatum and Waltheria indica were prepared and independently extracted with 80% methanol using maceration technique. The extracts were concentrated to dryness at reduced pressure and then subjected to phytochemical evaluation. Antimicrobial activities were evaluated using hole-in-plate disc diffusion technique. Results: The phytochemical results of both extracts revealed the absence of anthraquinones. However, both extracts showed the presence of cardenolides, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and terpenoids; while alkaloids were found in W. indica. The antimicrobial susceptibility study showed dose-dependent pattern with the highest dose (80 mg/hole) showing inhibition zone of 23.67 ± 0.47 and 23.33 ± 0.47 mm, respectively by P. granatum and W. indica against Streptococcus pyogenes while at 20 mg/hole inhibition was noted as 8.67 ± 0.47 and 7.00 ± 0.00 mm against Escherichia coli for P. granatum and W. indica, respectively. Conclusion: The findings of this study scientifically support the use of P. granatum and W. indica in folklore medicine for the cure of infections by microbes.
ADSORPTION OF Am-241, Cs-137 AND Sr-90 RADIONUCLIDES WITH BENTONITE-HUMIC ACID IMMOBILIZED YIELD

Adsorption of Am-241, Cs-137 and Sr-90 radionuclides to bentonite-humic acid immobilized yield have been done. The aims of this study are (1) making of adsorbent materials from resulted immobilization humic acid into bentonite mineral, and it’s characterization with spectroscopy infrared and X-ray diffractometer and (2) adsorption of Am-241, Cs-137 and Sr-90 radionuclides into bentonite mineral as adsorbent at various pH. Experiments showed that result of immobilization of bentonite-humic acid were optimum at 100 g bentonite, 60 g humic acid, 0.1 M NaNO3 ionic strength, and 2.5 pH. At the optimum condition bentonite could be bonded by the functional COOH from humic acid maximum equal to 75.2%. Base on infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometer showed that humic acid can immobilized into bentonite to form of bentonite-humic acid alloy. Application of adsorbent bentonite-humic acid immobilized yield to adsorb radionuclides of Am-241, Cs-137 and of Sr-90, showed that can adsorb at the range of pH 3 until 10. The phenomenon adsorption as species radionuclides was predicted by “Visual minteq” software. By each the feeds of radionuclide 0.001 mMol/L, 0.1 M NaNO3 ionic strength and pH 5 showed that bentonite-humic acid can adsorb radionuclides 98.50–99.1% of Am-241, Cs-137, and Sr-90.