Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The appendicular skeleton of the dwarf macronarian sauropod Europasaurus holgeri from the Late Jurassic of Germany and a re-evaluation of its systematic affinities

The Late Jurassic was a period of great diversity for sauropod dinosaurs, with different lineages of Neosauropoda flourishing, including several camarasauromorph taxa. Efforts made in recent years have resulted in a great increase in our current knowledge of basal camarasauromorph evolution, including both the detailed description of new and previously poorly known sauropods and expanded phylogenetic analyses. Although most recent phylogenies converge in their results on early camarasauromorph diversification, the phylogenetic position of Europasaurus, from the Late Jurassic of Germany, remains controversial despite the completeness of the material representing this species. Although Europasaurus was recovered as a relatively basal camarasauromorph in all phylogenetic analyses to date, some of them retrieved this taxon in a slightly more derived position, among basal brachiosaurids. Europasaurus is not only one of the most complete camarasauromorphs but also the first unequivocal dwarf that evolved through paedomorphosis, retaining several plesiomorphic characters, especially in the cranium. Cranial and axial material of Europasaurus has been described in detail but the appendicular skeleton has not. The current paper rectifies this by providing detailed descriptions and illustrations of its appendicular skeleton. In addition, an extensive re-evaluation of the systematic position of Europasaurus was done based on the three most substantial data sets published in recent years. These analyses resolved Europasaurus as a basal camarasauromorph in all cases, but brachiosaurid affinities remain plausible, especially considering the heterochronic evolution of the taxon.
Associations évoquées par le changement climatique chez des citoyens français et norvégiens

Communication related to climate change as well as to its consequences constitutes a major challenge; all the more so since climate is a non-observable phenomenon, in stark contrast to the weather. In this perspective, language plays a crucial role in the conceptualisation and the framing of climate change discourse. In this paper, French and Norwegian data stemming from representative surveys in the two countries are compared. The participants are asked to answer an open-ended question concerning their conceptions of the expression “climate change”. The French data are collected from a survey undertaken in 2016 by ELIPSS at the Sciences Po (Institut d'études politiques de Paris). The Norwegian data are generated from a survey undertaken in 2013 by the Norwegian Citizen Panel/DIGSSCORE, at the University of Bergen. The answers are first analysed through a semi-automated structural topic modeling (STM) and then assessed through an in-depth manual evaluation. Further linguistic and enunciative analyses are undertaken of a selection of the respondents’ answer provided by the surveys. Given the difference in the energy mix of the two countries, different associations are expected to appear from the French and the Norwegian participants. At the same time, with the common global dimension of climate change, it seems reasonable to expect some similar associations concerning the reality of the changes, the consequences and the measures of adaptation or mitigation proposed or undertaken by the two countries. These issues are discussed within the theoretical frame of enunciation, including perspectives related to concession in a polyphonic perspective and to deontic modality.
Effects of the Quality of Governance on Domestic Government Health Spending in West Africa Economic and Monetary Union Countries

Government health spending is an important source of sustainable health funding in order to attain the health-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In low and middle-income countries, domestic government per capita spending on health needed to ensure universal coverage with the most essential health services is estimated at $112 according to Stenberg et al. (2017). In 2015, in West Africa Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), average domestic government spending on health per capita was $26 (about one quarter of all health spending), far short of the $112 target. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the determinants of domestic government health spending with emphasis on the quality of governance. We used panel data from the eight WAEMU member states covering the period 2000-2015 and the generalized least squares method for empirical investigation. The results show that an improvement in the quality of governance increases domestic government health spending. The study suggests the policy-makers of the WAEMU member state to improve the quality of governance in order to increase domestic government health spending and allow people to access essential health services and enjoy a better state of health.
Leukoencephalopathy with Brain Stem and Spinal Cord Involvement and Normal Lactate: Case Report

Leukoencephalopathy with brain stem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation (LBSL) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder (1-3). Signal abnormalities in the cerebral white matter, medulla oblongata, lateral corticospinal tracts and dorsal columns of the spinal cord are the major diagnostic criteria of LBSL (4). Signal abnormalities in the cerebellar white matter, superior and inferior cerebellar peduncles, trigeminal tracts, splenium of the corpus callosum and posterior limb of the internal capsule are the supportive criteria of LBSL (4). On magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of the abnormal white matter there are usually increased lactate levels. (4). In this case report, we describe a patient with LBSL and normal lactate levels on MRS. Case Report
Bir Sağlık Ocağı Bölgesinde 0-11 Aylık Bebekleri Olan Annelerin Emzirme Durumları Ve Etkileyen Faktörler

Amac: Bu calisma bir saglik ocagi bolgesinde 0-11 aylik bebekleri olan annelerin bebeklerini emzirme durumlari ve etkileyen faktorleri belirlemek amaciyla yapilmistir. Gerec ve Yontem: Ankara il merkezinde bir saglik ocagi bolgesinde yapilan kesitsel tipteki calismamizin evrenini; 1 Ocak 2006–31 Aralik 2006 tarihleri arasinda dogan 122 bebek ve anneleri olusturmus olup 121 anneye (%99,2) ulasilmistir. Hazirlanan anket formlari ebe ve hemsireler tarafindan annelerle yuz yuze gorusulerek doldurulmustur. Bulgular: Annelerin %60,4’u 20-29 yaslari arasinda ve %40,5’i ilkokul mezunudur. Bebeklerin %83,5’i istenen ve %52,9’u kiz bebektir. Annelerin tumu, bebeklerini bir sure emzirmis olup, %88,4’u emzirmeyi hâlen surdurmektedir. Dogumdan sonraki ilk bir saat icinde bebeklerini emzirmeye baslayan anneler, ilk bir saatten sonra emzirmeye baslayan annelerden daha fazla emzirmeyi surdurmektedir. Annelerin %70,2’si bebeklerine uygun zamanda ek gidaya baslamistir. Ogrenim durumu ilkokul ve alti olan annelerin, ortaokul ve ustu olan annelerden; evine giren aylik geliri 1000 YTL’den az olan annelerin aylik geliri 1000 YTL ve uzeri olan annelerden daha uygun zamanda ek gidaya basladiklari gorulmustur. Tartisma: Ogrenim ve gelir durumu yuksek olan annelerin uygun olmayan zamanda ek gidaya baslama davranislarinin nedenlerinin arastirilmasi ve buna yonelik egitim verilmesi, ayrica emzirmeyi surdurme konusunda tum annelerin daha fazla bilgilendirilmesi gerektigi dusunulmektedir.
Deep Reinforcement Learning Method for Demand Response Management of Interruptible Load

As an important part of incentive demand response (DR), interruptible load (IL) can achieve a rapid response and improve demand side resilience. Yet, model-based optimization algorithms concerning with IL require the explicit physical or mathematical model of the system, which makes it difficult to adapt to realistic operation conditions. In this paper, a model-free deep reinforcement learning (DRL) method with dueling deep Q network (DDQN) structure is designed to optimize the DR management of IL under the time of use (TOU) tariff and variable electricity consumption patterns. The DDQN-based automatic demand response (ADR) architecture is firstly constructed, which provides a possibility for real-time application of DR. To obtain the maximum long-term profit, the DR management problem of IL is formulated as a Markov decision process (MDP), in which the state, action, and reward function are defined, respectively. The DDQN-based DRL algorithm is applied to solve this MDP for the DR strategy with maximum cumulative reward. The simulation results validate that the proposed algorithm with DDQN overcomes the noise and instability in traditional DQN, and realizes the goal of reducing both the peak load demand and the operation costs on the premise of regulating voltage to the safe limit.
Internet Addiction A Handbook And Guide To Evaluation And Treatment

Thank you for reading internet addiction a handbook and guide to evaluation and treatment. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their chosen novels like this internet addiction a handbook and guide to evaluation and treatment, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious bugs inside their computer.
Gênio: Um gateway para automação predial com interface de voz

— Interest in voice control solutions has grown because of its potential for accessibility, ease of use and intuitiveness. For marketing reasons, technologies in this ﬁeld are mainly focused on english speakers and resources for Brazilian Portuguese are still limited. Furthermore, many of it’s services are dominated by large companies, whose solutions are highly priced, making it unaﬀordable for most of the brazilian population. This work aims to construct a low cost intelligent hub for home automation, entirely open source, interacting with the user through voice commands in Brazilian Portuguese. The prototype was built with Snowboy library for keyword detection, CMUSphinx tool for speech recognition and Home Assistant toolkit for devices integration. It was veriﬁed that the prototype meets the oﬄine processing and command comprehension in the Portuguese language requirements, and has lower cost than consolidated platforms in the market.
Antimicrobial solid media for screening non-sterile Arabidopsis thaliana seeds

Background Stable genetic transformation of plants is a low-efficiency process, and identification of positive transformants usually relies on screening for expression of a co-transformed marker gene. Often this involves germinating seeds on solid media containing a selection reagent. Germination on solid media requires surface sterilization of seeds and careful aseptic technique to prevent microbial contamination, but surface sterilization techniques are time consuming and can cause seed mortality if not performed carefully. We developed an antimicrobial cocktail that can be added to solid media to inhibit bacterial and fungal growth without impairing germination, allowing us to bypass the surface sterilization step. Results Adding a combination of terbinafine (1 µM) and timentin (200 mg/L) to solid media delayed the onset of observable microbial growth and did not affect germination of non-sterile seeds from ten different wild-type and mutant Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. The method was also compatible with Nicotiana tabacum germination. Seedlings sown in non-sterile conditions could be maintained on antimicrobial media for up to a week without observable contamination. The antimicrobial cocktail was compatible with rapid screening methods for hygromycin B, phosphinothricin (BASTA) and nourseothricin resistance genes, meaning that positive transformants can be identified from non-sterile seeds in as little as four days after stratification and transferred to soil before the onset of visible microbial contamination. Conclusion The antimicrobial cocktail presented here delays microbial growth for long enough to permit germination of non-sterile Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings on solid media and it is compatible with rapid screening methods. We were able to select genetic transformants on solid media without seed surface sterilization, eliminating a tedious and time-consuming step.
Effects of wet and dry ball milling on the physicochemical properties of sawdust derived-biochar

Abstract Ball milling has been used as a green method for the modification of biochars in recent years. Therefore, the effects of physicochemical properties of biochars derived from sawdust via dry and wet mechanical ball milling and hand lapping were integrally compared in this study. Elemental analyses show the significant reduction of the C content and increase in the ash content for the resulting 12 h-wet-ball-milled biochar. The specific surface areas of the dry- and wet-ball-milled biochars were significantly larger than those of the pristine and hand-lapping biochars. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the biochars show that 12 h of wet ball milling produced smaller and better-distributed particles. Good thermal stability of the resulting biochars (less than 5% of mass losses) was confirmed by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra show that long-term wet ball milling (12 h) increased the functional groups of the resulting biochars. The various ball milling processes have no obvious impact on the phase in the biochars characterized by the x-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. Overall, long-term wet ball milling (12 h) is a simple method for the preparation of smaller and better-distributed biochar composites.
Klinische Evaluation der Häufigkeitsverteilungsanalyse biologischer Daten

It is well known that the probability distribution of biological events can be described physiologically by a lognormal und pathologically by a normal distribution. The data can be analysed by two methods: the Chi square and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. We retrospectively investigated on 325 patients with 15 different diagnoses which evaluation method allows the best discrimination of the groups, and which groups show a chaotic and which a rigid distribution. Several diseases and functional states resulted with either one or the other distribution. Active cancer of entodermal origin is chaotic, however, it can be imitated by further anomalies like autoaggressions. In case of sclerosis two types have to be distinguished. Diagnostic ranges can be assigned in terms of the measuring parameters which display the high relevance of this method.
Evaluation of cyber‐physical power systems in cascading failure: node vulnerability and systems connectivity

In cyber-physical power systems, tiny failure occurring in the communication network could propagate to affect the operation of the physical power grid through inter-links and even cause catastrophic blackouts. The authors propose a partial random coupling systems model to study the vulnerability of nodes and connectivity of systems in a cascading failure. In terms of traffic loads generated in systems, they employ load spill index to analyse dynamic states of nodes in cascading failure. In cascading failure, considering the effect from a communication network, vulnerability matrices are established to study the vulnerability of nodes in the physical power grid. Furthermore, an efficiency index is defined to analyse connectivity of systems. In the numerical simulation, they verify the accuracy of the proposed evaluation approach and test its scalability and universality in different power systems.
A novel riboswitch classification based on imbalanced sequences achieved by machine learning

Riboswitch, a part of mRNA (50–250nt in length), has two main classes: aptamer and expression platform. One of the main challenges raised during the classification of riboswitch is imbalanced data. That is a circumstance in which the records of a dataset of one group are very small compared to the others. Such circumstances lead classifier to ignore minority group and emphasize on majority class, that resulting with a skewed classification. We considered sixteen riboswitch families, to be in accord with recent riboswitch classification work, that contain imbalanced dataset ranging from 4,826 instances (RF00174) to 39 (RF01051) instances. The dataset was divided into training and test set using new developed pipeline. From 5460 k-mers, 156 features were produced calculated based on CfsSubsetEval and BestFirst. Statistically tested result was significantly difference between balanced and imbalanced dataset (p < 0.05). Besides, each algorithm also showed a significant difference in sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and macro F-score when used in both groups (p < 0.05). Several k-mers clustered from heat map were discovered to have biological functions and motifs at the different positions like interior loops, terminal loops and helices. They were validated to have a biological function and some are riboswitch motifs. The analysis has discovered the importance of solving the challenges of majority bias analysis and overfitting. Presented results were generalized evaluation of both balanced and imbalanced models, which implies their ability of classifying novel riboswitches. The scientific community can use python source code at https://github.com/Seasonsling/riboswitch, which can contribute to the process of developing software packages. Author Summary Machine learning application has been used in many ways in bioinformatics and computational biology. Its use in riboswitch classification is still limited and existing attempt showed challenges due to imbalanced dataset. Algorithms classify dataset with majority and minority group, but they tend to ignore minority group and emphasize on majority class, consequential return a skewed classification We used new pipeline including SMOTE for balancing datasets that showed better classified riboswitch as well as improved performance of algorithms selected. Statistically significant difference observed between balanced and imbalanced in sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and F-score, this proved balanced dataset better for classification of riboswitch. Biological functions and motif search of k-mers in riboswitch families revealed their presence in interior loops, terminal loops and helices, some of the k-mers were reported to be riboswitch motifs of aptamer domains and critical for metabolite binding. The pipeline can be used in machine learning and deep learning study in other domains of bioinformatics and computational biology suffering from imbalanced dataset. Finally, scientific community can use python source code, the work done and flow to develop packages.
A Novel Micromixer with Fractal Obstacles Designed Based on Generalized Murray’s Law

Abstract In this paper, we designed tree-like branch structures with two levels according to generalized Murray’s law, and set them as obstacles in microchannels. The influence of the mixing performance of the micromixer was studied by changing the geometry sizes of obstacles, the branch angles and the distances between obstacles. The mixing performance of micromixer was analyzed from three aspects, including mixing efficiency, flow behavior, and pressure drop.We designed three different obstacles A, B, and C, the micromixer with obstacle C has the highest mixing efficiency. For the distances of obstacles, the micromixer with smaller distance has the higher mixing efficiency. The micromixer with branch angle of 75° has the highest mixing efficiency in the range of Reynolds number (Re) 0.1 to 150.
Serum neopterin, soluble interleukin 2- receptor (sIL-2Rα) and lung computed tomography in differentiation between pulmonary tuberculosis and bronchogenic carcinoma

In this study, serum levels of neopterin and soluble interleukin 2- receptor alpha (sIL-2Rα) were determined in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and lung cancer (bronchogenic carcinoma stage I and II) in order to differentiate between active pulmonary TB, inactive pulmonary TB and lung cancer, and in order to determine the relationship between those findings with the corresponding Computed Tomographic scanning (CT chest) findings. The study included 15 patients with active pulmonary TB, 15 patients with inactive pulmonary TB, 15 with lung cancer and 15 healthy subjects served as control group. History taking, clinical examination, estimation of ESR, serum neopterin, serum sIL-2Rα and CT chest were performed for each subject. Serum Levels of neopterin and sIL-2Rα were significantly higher in TB patients with active disease compared to patients with inactive TB, lung cancer patients and controls (P < 0.001). Levels of neopterin and sIL-2Rα in inactive TB and lung cancer patients were significantly higher compared to controls (P<0.001); with significantly higher levels in TB patients with inactive disease than lung cancer patients (P< 0.05). Serum neopterin and sIL2-Rα in moderate/advanced TB lesions (according to CT findings) were significantly higher than in mild TB. In addition, serum neopterin and sIL2-Rα in bronchogenic carcinoma stage I and II with larger tumors (according to CT findings) were significantly higher than those with smaller tumors. Serum Levels of neopterin and sIL-2Rα significantly positively correlated to each other in all studied groups. In conclusion, serum neopterin and sIL-2Rα levels might be of value in differentiating between pulmonary TB and bronchogenic carcinoma stages I and II; significantly higher levels are in favor of active pulmonary TB. Serum neopterin and sIL-2Rα levels also seem to be sensitive markers of TB disease activity. Since CT may be, in few cases, non conclusive in diagnosis of TB activity, therefore combining CT chest with serum neopterin and sIL-2Rα may increase the accuracy of diagnosis of pulmonary TB activity.
Vigilance Disorders in Permanent Night Workers: The Case of the Medical Staff

Purpose of the work: To assess the impact of fixed night shift on the vigilance of paramedical staff. Methods: The present study is an exhaustive cross-sectional survey which has been conducted at the University Hospital of Monastir, Tunisia, and it is about 92 care agents working permanently the night. The study of vigilance is based on Epworth scale and Super Lab program. Results: The average age was equal to 42.53 ± 9.45 years with a sex ratio of 1.72. Nurses accounted for 72%. The average score of alertness assessed with Epworth scale was equal to 14.5 ± 6. The use of the Super Lab software has objectified a tendency towards the increase in the average time of reaction of accomplishment of the simple task and the positive cueing task, which was evaluated while starting the shift, during the half time of the work and at the end of the shift. In addition, the average rate of errors evaluated at the beginning, half-time and at the end of the work has increased during 3 tests (simple task, positive and negative cueing tasks) without this difference being statistically significant. Conclusion: The alteration of vigilance with an ascent of the error rate among fixed night shift workers is a reality, which puts in question, not only the health of paramedical staff but also the care safety provided by these teams.