Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Standardizing methodology for assessing spontaneous baroreflex control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity in humans.

The use of spontaneous bursts of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) to assess arterial baroreflex control of sympathetic nerve activity has seen increased utility in studies of both health and disease. However, methods used for analyzing spontaneous MSNA baroreflex sensitivity are highly variable across published studies. Therefore, we sought to comprehensively examine methods of producing linear regression slopes to quantify spontaneous MSNA baroreflex sensitivity in a large cohort of subjects (n=150) to support a standardized procedure for analysis that would allow for consistent and comparable results across laboratories. The primary results demonstrated that 1) consistency of linear regression slopes was considerably improved when the correlation coefficient was above -0.70, which is more stringent compared with commonly reported criterion of -0.50, 2) longer recording durations increased the percentage of linear regressions producing correlation coefficients above -0.70 (1-min:15%, 2-min:28%, 5-min:53%, 10-min:67%, P<0.001) and reaching statistical significance (1-min:40%, 2-min:69%, 5-min:78%, 10-min:89%, P<0.001), 3) correlation coefficients were improved with 3-mmHg diastolic BP bin size vs. 1- and 2-mmHg, and 4) linear regression slopes were reduced when the acquired blood pressure (BP) signal was not properly aligned with the cardiac cycle triggering the burst of MSNA. In summary, these results support the use of baseline recording durations of 10 min, a correlation coefficient above -0.70 for reliable linear regressions, 3-mmHg bin size, and importance of properly time aligning MSNA and diastolic BP. Together, these findings provide best practices for determining spontaneous MSNA baroreflex sensitivity under resting conditions for improved rigor and reproducibility of results.
Impacts of Dietary Macronutrient Pattern on Adolescent Body Composition and Metabolic Risk: Current and Future Health Status—A Narrative Review

Obesity, particularly in childhood and adolescence, is one of the serious public health problems worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, 10% of young people aged 5–17 years are obese, which is rapidly increasing around the world. Furthermore, approximately 80% of adolescents who become obese develop bodyweight-related health problems in adulthood. Eating habits and lifestyles play important roles in forming body composition and metabolic status. Changes in body composition in adolescence, the period in which secondary sex characteristics begin to develop, can alter hormonal and metabolic status, can consequently affect health status and the risk of developing chronic diseases in adulthood, and moreover may have an impact on probable body composition and metabolic status in the next generation. Here, we reviewed cross-sectional and interventional studies to analyze the role of dietary patterns focusing on macronutrient intake in growth, body composition, and metabolic changes in adolescents. These findings provide insights into optimal dietary guidelines for healthy growth with accretion of adequate body composition in adolescence, and provide an effective strategy for preventing and managing the risk of obesity-related metabolic disease in adulthood, with the additional benefit of providing potential benefits for the next generation’s health.
An update on Vitiligo pathogenesis

Vitiligo, the most common depigmenting disorder of the skin, is undergoing a period of intense advances in both disease understanding and therapeutic possibilities leading the way to the beginning of a new era for the disorder. Its pathophysiology has gathered the attention of researchers for years, and many advances have been made in the clarification of the interaction between different factors that result in depigmented macule formation. The complex interplay between non‐immunological and immunological factors in vitiligo is key for the development of the disease, and the participation of cells other than melanocytes, such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts, natural killer cells, and innate lymphoid cells, has been shown. Recent advances have also brought to the understanding of the complex part played by a specific subtype of T cells: T‐resident memory cells. This review analyzes some of the most recent insights in vitiligo pathogenesis underlining the interactions between different cell types, which are the basis for the therapeutic approaches under development.
Classification and consequences of complex lead perovskite ferroelectrics with regard to B-site cation order

From a number of studies on ferroelectric and related materials based on complex lead perovskites [Pb(B_ x ′B_1− x ″)O_3], it is apparent that the B-site cation order influences the crystallography, phase transitions, and other physical properties. A classification of complex lead perovskites is presented based on the relative scale of long-range cation order. In particular, we discuss the implications of cation order in relation to relaxor and normal ferroelectric behavior.
Effect of Cold Plasma and Elicitors on Bioactive Contents, Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity of Thai Rat-tailed Radish Microgreens.

BACKGROUND Raphanus sativus var. caudatus or Thai rat-tailed radish (RTR) contains glucosinolates and isothiocyanates with chemopreventive effects; however, only mature plants have been studied to date. Thus, this work aimed to determine isothiocyanates, phenolic compounds and flavonoid compounds, antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity and antiproliferative activity of RTR microgreens grown from seeds treated with cold plasma (21 kV for 5 min), organic elicitor (160 mM NaCl, 10 mM CaCl2 or 176 mM sucrose) or both in combination. Seeds were germinated on vermiculite and sprayed with deionized water or elicitor for 7 days before harvest. RESULTS Cold plasma had no effect on growth, while NaCl and CaCl2 increased fresh weight. Plasma with CaCl2 led to the highest total isothiocyanate (ITC) content (1.99 g kg-1 DW) in RTR microgreens containing raphasatin as the only ITC detected. Plasma treatment gave the highest total phenolic content (7.56 mg GAE g-1 DW), antioxidant activity from DPPH assay (7.70 mg TE g-1 DW) and FRAP assay (21.72 mg Fe2+ g-1 DW). Microgreen extracts from plasma showed IC50 value of 29.28 μg·mL-1 and 13.83 μg·mL-1 towards MCF-7 and HepG2, respectively with inhibitory property on MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins. Plasma enhanced Bax and Caspase-3 gene expressions but reduced Bcl-2 and MMP-9 expressions indicating activation of apoptosis. CONCLUSION Cold plasma showed promise as an innovative tool to enhance bioactive compounds with chemopreventive benefits in microgreens. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Plant-Derived Natural Antioxidants in Meat and Meat Products

The global meat industry is constantly evolving due to changes in consumer preferences, concerns and lifestyles, as well as monetary, geographical, political, cultural and religious factors. Part of this evolution is the introduction of synthetic antioxidants to increase meat and meat products’ shelf-life, and reduce meat spoilage due to lipid and protein oxidation. The public perception that natural compounds are safer and healthier per se has motivated the meat industry to replace synthetic antioxidants with plant-derived ones in meat systems. Despite several promising results from in vitro and in situ studies, the effectiveness of plant-derived antioxidants against lipid and protein oxidation has not been fully documented. Moreover, the utility, usability, marketability and potential health benefits of natural antioxidants are not yet fully proven. The present review aims to (i) describe the major chemical groups of plant-derived antioxidants and their courses of action; (ii) present the application of spices, herbs and fruits as antioxidants in meat systems; and (iii) discuss the legislative framework, future trends, challenges and limitations that are expected to shape their acceptance and mass exploitation by the meat industry.
Red-Emitting Hybrid Based on Eu3+-dbm Complex Anchored on Silica Nanoparticles Surface by Carboxylic Acid for Biomarker Application

Luminescent organic-inorganic hybrids containing lanthanides (Ln3+) have been prominent for applications such as luminescent bio-probes in biological assays. In this sense, a luminescent hybrid based on dense silica (SiO2) nanospheres decorated with Eu3+ β–diketonate complexes using dibenzoylmethane (Hdbm) as a luminescent antenna was developed by using a hierarchical organization in four steps: (i) anchoring of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) organosilane on the SiO2 surface, (ii) formation of a carboxylic acid ligand, (iii) coordination of Eu3+ to the carboxylate groups and (iv) coordination of dbm− to Eu3+. The hybrid structure was elucidated through the correlation of thermogravimetry, silicon nuclear magnetic resonance and photoluminescence. Results indicate that the carboxylic acid-Eu3+-dbm hybrid was formed on the surface of the particles with no detectable changes on their size or shape after all the four steps (average size of 32 ± 7 nm). A surface charge of −27.8 mV was achieved for the hybrid, assuring a stable suspension in aqueous media. The Eu3+ complex provides intense red luminescence, characteristic of Eu3+ 5D0→7FJ electronic transitions, with an intrinsic emission quantum yield of 38%, even in an aqueous suspension. Therefore, the correlation of luminescence, structure, particle morphology and fluorescence microscopy images make the hybrid promising for application in bioimaging.
Incidence Lung Cancer after a Negative CT Screening in the National Lung Screening Trial: Deep Learning-Based Detection of Missed Lung Cancers

We aimed to analyse the CT examinations of the previous screening round (CTprev) in NLST participants with incidence lung cancer and evaluate the value of DL-CAD in detection of missed lung cancers. Thoracic radiologists reviewed CTprev in participants with incidence lung cancer, and a DL-CAD analysed CTprev according to NLST criteria and the lung CT screening reporting & data system (Lung-RADS) classification. We calculated patient-wise and lesion-wise sensitivities of the DL-CAD in detection of missed lung cancers. As per the NLST criteria, 88% (100/113) of CTprev were positive and 74 of them had missed lung cancers. The DL-CAD reported 98% (98/100) of the positive screens as positive and detected 95% (70/74) of the missed lung cancers. As per the Lung-RADS classification, 82% (93/113) of CTprev were positive and 60 of them had missed lung cancers. The DL-CAD reported 97% (90/93) of the positive screens as positive and detected 98% (59/60) of the missed lung cancers. The DL-CAD made false positive calls in 10.3% (27/263) of controls, with 0.16 false positive nodules per scan (41/263). In conclusion, the majority of CTprev in participants with incidence lung cancers had missed lung cancers, and the DL-CAD detected them with high sensitivity and a limited false positive rate.
Evaluation of a system for sorbent‐assisted peritoneal dialysis in a uremic pig model

A system for sorbent‐assisted peritoneal dialysis (SAPD) has been developed that continuously recirculates dialysate via a tidal mode using a single‐lumen peritoneal catheter with the regeneration of spent dialysate by means of sorbents. SAPD treatment may improve plasma clearance by the maintenance of a high plasma‐to‐dialysate concentration gradient and by increasing the mass transfer area coefficient (MTAC) of solutes. The system is designed for daily 8‐hr treatment (12 kg, nighttime system). A wearable system (2.3 kg, daytime system) may further enhance the clearance of phosphate and organic waste solutes during the day. Uremic pigs (n = 3) were treated with the day‐ (n = 3) and nighttime system (n = 15) for 4–8 hr per treatment. Plasma clearance (Cl), MTAC, and total mass transport (MT) of urea, creatinine, phosphate, and potassium were compared with a static dwell (n = 28). Cl, MTAC, and MT of urea, creatinine, phosphate, and potassium were low in the pig as compared to humans due to the pig's low peritoneal transport status and could be enhanced only to a limited extent by SAPD treatment compared with a static dwell (nighttime system: Cl urea: ×1.5 (p = .029), Cl creatinine: ×1.7 (p = .054), Cl phosphate: ×1.5 (p = .158), Cl potassium: ×1.6 (p = .011); daytime system: Cl creatinine: ×2.7 (p = .040), Cl phosphate: ×2.2 (p = .039)). Sorbent‐assisted peritoneal dialysis treatment in a uremic pig model is safe and enhances small solute clearance as compared to a static dwell. Future studies in humans or animal species with higher peritoneal transport should elucidate whether our SAPD system enhances clearance to a clinically relevant extent as compared to conventional PD.
THE MODE OF ACTION OF CERTAIN DRUGS WHICH STIMULATE RESPIRATION

1. The mode of action of a number of respiratory stimulants—namely nicotine, lobeline, potassium, cyanide, sparteine, ethyl aceto-acetate, acetyl-acetone and sodium salicylate—has been examined in the cat under chloralose anaesthesia and in the decerebrate preparation to determine the nature and relative importance of the action of these substances on the respiratory centre (direct action) and on the sino-aortic nerve endings (peripheral action) respectively. 2. Nicotine and lobeline in small and moderate doses stimulate respiration almost exclusively by a peripheral action (confirmatory of Heymans and co-workers). Large doses may also directly stimulate the respiratory centre. 3. The initial stimulating action of cyanide and the entire stimulating action of sparteine is reflex in origin (confirmatory of Heymans and co-workers and Zunz and Tremonti). The direct initial action of these drugs is to depress the respiratory centre. In the decerebrate preparation cyanide produces a secondary prolonged stimulation which is independent of the integrity of the sino-aortic nerves. 4. The enol-containing group of drugs (ethyl aceto-acetate, acetyl-acetone and sodium salicylate) act both peripherally and centrally. The reflex effects predominate in the anaesthetized animal and the central in the decerebrate preparation. 5. The sensitivity of the respiratory centre to the direct excitatory action of certain drugs seems to be considerably greater than has been recognised by recent workers.
Phase I Trial of 131I-GMIB-Anti-HER2-VHH1, a New Promising Candidate for HER2-Targeted Radionuclide Therapy in Breast Cancer Patients

Visual Abstract 131I-GMIB-anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2)-VHH1 is a targeted radionuclide theranostic agent directed at HER2-expressing cancers. VHH1 is a single-domain antibody covalently linked to therapeutic 131I via the linker N-succinimidyl 4-guanidino-methyl-3-iodobenzoate (SGMIB). The phase I study was aimed at evaluating the safety, biodistribution, radiation dosimetry, and tumor-imaging potential of 131I-GMIB-anti-HER2-VHH1 in healthy volunteers and breast cancer patients. Methods: In a first cohort, 6 healthy volunteers were included. The biodistribution of 131I-GMIB-anti-HER2-VHH1 was assessed using whole-body (anterior and posterior) planar images obtained at 40 min and at 2, 4, 24, and 72 h after intravenously administered (38 ± 9 MBq) 131I-GMIB-anti-HER2-VHH1. Imaging data were analyzed using OLINDA/EXM software to determine the dosimetry. Blood and urine samples were obtained over 72 h. In the second cohort, 3 patients with metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer were included. Planar whole-body imaging was performed at 2 and 24 h after injection. Additional SPECT/CT images were obtained after the whole-body images at 2 and 24 h if there was relevant uptake in known cancer lesions. Results: No drug-related adverse events were observed throughout the study. The biologic half-life of 131I-GMIB-anti-HER2-VHH1 in healthy subjects was about 8 h. After intravenous administration, the compound was eliminated from the blood with a 2.5-h half-life. The drug was eliminated primarily via the kidneys. The drug was stable in circulation, and there was no increased accumulation in the thyroid or stomach. The absorbed dose to the kidneys was 1.54 ± 0.25 mGy/MBq, and to bone marrow it was 0.03 ± 0.01 mGy/MBq. SPECT/CT imaging in patients with advanced breast cancer showed focal uptake of 131I-GMIB-anti-HER2-VHH1 in metastatic lesions. Conclusion: Because of its favorable toxicity profile and its uptake in HER2-positive lesions, this radiopharmaceutical can offer new therapeutic options to patients who have progressed on trastuzumab, pertuzumab, or trastuzmab emtansine, given its difference in mode-of-action. A dose escalation is planned in a subsequent phase I/II study to assess the therapeutic window of this compound (NCT04467515).
Absence of Basic Public Management Breeds Extreme Poverty: The Case of Nigeria and Other Developing Countries

This paper is trying to introduce a new concept in public administration which research shows is not effectively implemented in most countries where extreme poverty is endemic including Nigeria. The concept is known as “Effective Basic Public Management” which is the auto-pilot on which governments are run in developed societies. Nigerian public managers do not understand that the basic functions of government have to be performed on a daily basis just as they run their various families which are the nucleus of the larger society. Many reasons have been attributed to for Nigeria‟s lingering administrative failure in all ramifications since independence in 1960 but it all points to one thing, poor and unpatriotic leadership which have simply ignored the rudiments of effective basic public management as practiced in developed countries. The paper is in two parts, part one discusses effective basic public management and strong institutions and how they are created, while part two defines the concept of basic public management and other related issues including maintenance.
Manifold Modeling in Embedded Space: An Interpretable Alternative to Deep Image Prior

Deep image prior (DIP), which uses a deep convolutional network (ConvNet) structure as an image prior, has attracted wide attention in computer vision and machine learning. DIP empirically shows the effectiveness of the ConvNet structures for various image restoration applications. However, why the DIP works so well is still unknown. In addition, the reason why the convolution operation is useful in image reconstruction, or image enhancement is not very clear. This study tackles this ambiguity of ConvNet/DIP by proposing an interpretable approach that divides the convolution into “delay embedding” and “transformation” (i.e., encoder–decoder). Our approach is a simple, but essential, image/tensor modeling method that is closely related to self-similarity. The proposed method is called manifold modeling in embedded space (MMES) since it is implemented using a denoising autoencoder in combination with a multiway delay-embedding transform. In spite of its simplicity, MMES can obtain quite similar results to DIP on image/tensor completion, super-resolution, deconvolution, and denoising. In addition, MMES is proven to be competitive with DIP, as shown in our experiments. These results can also facilitate interpretation/characterization of DIP from the perspective of a “low-dimensional patch-manifold prior. ”
Ancestral role of TNF-R pathway in cell differentiation in the basal metazoan Hydra

ABSTRACT Tumour necrosis factor receptors (TNF-Rs) and their ligands, tumour necrosis factors, are highly conserved proteins described in all metazoan phyla. They function as inducers of extrinsic apoptotic signalling and facilitate inflammation, differentiation and cell survival. TNF-Rs use distinct adaptor molecules to activate signalling cascades. Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) family adaptors often mediate apoptosis, and TNF-R-associated factor (TRAF) family adaptors mediate cell differentiation and inflammation. Most of these pathway components are conserved in cnidarians, and, here, we investigated the Hydra TNF-R. We report that it is related to the ectodysplasin receptor, which is involved in epithelial cell differentiation in mammals. In Hydra, it is localised in epithelial cells with incorporated nematocytes in tentacles and body column, indicating a similar function. Further experiments suggest that it interacts with the Hydra homologue of a TRAF adaptor, but not with FADD proteins. Hydra FADD proteins colocalised with Hydra caspases in death effector filaments and recruited caspases, suggesting that they are part of an apoptotic signalling pathway. Regulating epithelial cell differentiation via TRAF adaptors therefore seems to be an ancient function of TNF-Rs, whereas FADD–caspase interactions may be part of a separate apoptotic pathway. Summary: The single TNF-R homologue in the cnidarian Hydra is related to human EDAR, involved in cell differentiation and not part of a FADD-dependent death pathway.
Zero Correlation Error: A Metric for Finite-Length Bitstream Independence in Stochastic Computing

Stochastic computing (SC), with its probabilistic data representation format, has sparked renewed interest due to its ability to use very simple circuits to implement complex operations. Though unlike traditional binary computing, SC needs to carefully handle correlations that exist across data values to avoid the risk of unacceptably inaccurate results. With many SC circuits designed to operate under the assumption that input values are independent, it is important to provide the ability to accurately measure and characterize independence of SC bitstreams. We propose zero correlation error (ZCE), a metric that quantifies how independent two finite-length bitstreams are, and show that it addresses fundamental limitations in metrics currently used by the SC community. Through evaluation at both the functional unit level and application level, we demonstrate how ZCE can be an effective tool for analyzing SC bitstreams, simulating circuits and design space exploration.
Single Nonisothermal Noncatalytic Solid-Gas Reaction. Effect of Changing Particle Size

The effect of changing particle size and other time-dependent phenomena, including intermolecular gas film diffusion, intraparticle ash layer diffusion, and chemical reaction rate, on conversion-time relationships in a spherical pellet undergoing a first-order irreversible reaction was deduced from a shrinking-core model. For both isothermal and nonisothermal conditions, particle size changes proved significant whenever the reaction was controlled by intermolecular and/or intraparticle diffusion. When both intermolecular and intraparticle resistances were present simultaneously and the heat transfer coefficient was small, the shrinking particle required less time than the growing particle to give a particular conversion in the nonisothermal case but more time in the isothermal case. The results of this U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration-supported study, which could apply also to coked catalyst regeneration, will be used to model fluidized bed reactors for coal conversion.