Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Corpus-based Analysis of Near-Synonymous Sentence-final Particles in Mandarin Chinese: “bale” and “eryi”

This paper explores the differences between two near-synonymous disyllabic sentence-final particles in Mandarin Chinese bale and eryi based on a corpus-based approach. We argue that there is a close interaction between adverbs and sentence-final particles. Firstly, the usage of adverbs in the local proposition of two different SFPs has a strong tendency. 仅 jin ‘only’ is only used in the local proposition of eryi, and 仅仅 jin-jin ‘only’ tends to use in the local propositions of eryi. 最多 zui-duo/顶 多 ding-duo/至多 zhi-duo ‘at most’ are only used in the local propositions of bale, while 决 不是 jue-bu-shi/绝非 jue-fei/决非 jue-fei/绝 不 jue-bu ‘definitely not’ are only used in the local propositions of eryi. Eryi expresses minimal value and bale expresses maximal value. Moreover, the position of the adverbs also presents a tendency: the adverbs in the local proposition of bale are always in the initial position, while eryi in the middle position. In addition, the polarity of the local propositions of two SFPs are also different: the local proposition of bale tends to express negativity, while the local proposition of eryi obtains a tone of neutrality. We believe that this study will significantly enhance the research on sentence-final particles and second language teaching.
Model‐based identification of cell‐cycle‐dependent metabolism and putative autocrine effects in antibody producing CHO cell culture

The understanding of cell‐cycle‐dependent population heterogeneities in mammalian cell culture and their influence on production rates is still limited. Furthermore, metabolic regulations arising from self‐expressed signaling factors (autocrine/autoinhibitory factors) have been postulated in the past, but no determination of such effects have been made so far for fast‐growing production Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in chemically defined media. In this study, a novel approach combining near‐physiological treatment of cells (including synchronization), population resolved mechanistic modeling and statistical analysis was developed to identify population inhomogeneities. Cell‐cycle‐dependent population dynamics and metabolic regulations due to a putative autocrine factor were examined and their impact on the metabolic rates and antibody production of near‐physiologically synchronized CHO DP‐12 cell cultures was determined. To achieve this, a population resolved model was extended to describe putative autocrine‐dependentt and cell‐cycle‐related metabolic rates for glucose, glutamine, lactate, ammonia, and antibody production. The model parameters were estimated based on data of two repeated batch cultivations (three batches each), with main substrates in excess and potentially inhibiting waste products (lactate and ammonium) controlled within narrow ranges. Significant changes, due to a putative autocrine factor, were identified for lactate and ammonia formation and antibody production. The cell growth and the uptake of glucose and glutamine were only partially affected by the putative autocrine under the given conditions. The results indicate the presence of a self‐expressed autocrine factor and its strong impact on the metabolism of CHO DP‐12 cells. Furthermore, glucose and glutamine uptake, as well as the formation of ammonium and antibody were found to be significantly cell‐cycle‐dependent. The combined approach has a strong potential to improve the understanding of the interplay of population heterogeneities and signal factors in mammalian cell culture.
MiR‐874 alleviates renal injury and inflammatory response in diabetic nephropathy through targeting toll‐like receptor‐4

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a kind of diabetic complication with capillary damage, and its pathogenesis remains obscure. Recently, microRNAs have been identified as diagnostic biomarkers in various diseases including DN. Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) contributes to inflammation, and it has been implicated in diabetes pathophysiology. This study was designed to investigate the role of miR‐874 and TLR4 in a streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced DN rat model and glucose‐induced mouse podocyte model. In the current study, we reported that miR‐874 was markedly downregulated in DN rats and glucose‐induced mouse podocytes compared with the corresponding control groups with the activation of TLR4. In addition, we observed that overexpression of miR‐874 was able to alleviate renal injury in DN rats. The cell counting kit (CCK‐8) assay and 5‐Ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) assay demonstrated that glucose simulation significantly inhibited podocyte proliferation and induced cell apoptosis, which can be reversed by miR‐874 mimics significantly. Notably, miR‐874 overexpression dramatically attenuated the inflammatory response, indicated by the decreased levels of interleukin‐6, L‐1β, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α). Finally, the binding correlation between miR‐874 and TLR4 was confirmed by carrying out dual‐luciferase reporter assay in our study. It was found that overexpression of miR‐874 depressed TLR4 levels in podocytes. These findings implied for the first time that the overexpression of miR‐874 repressed glucose‐triggered podocyte injury through targeting TLR4 and suggested that miR‐874/TLR4 axis might represent a pathological mechanism of DN.
An adaptive opportunistic routing scheme for reliable data delivery in WSNs

With the emergence of miniature technologies such as sensor nodes powered with limited batteries, many applications came into existence such as detection of mine reconnaissance, pollution monitoring, data gathering from remote locations, etc. Sensor nodes are the necessary components of the wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in which efficient battery consumption by the nodes remains as the major challenge for reliable data communication. The batteries are mostly consumed in communication over long distances, redundant transmissions, in-effective selection of routing path between a source and a destination. This makes energy efficiency one of the core components of routing strategies designed for WSNs. In this paper, we proposed an opportunistic routing scheme for WSNs to ensure the reliable data communication with efficient node battery dissipation. This scheme minimizes the data loss by nominating a set of forwarder nodes, which manages mitigating re-transmissions from the network communication. In order to avoid the duplicate packets at the destination, the nodes are prioritised based on the holding time. To verify and validate the proposed routing scheme, experimental simulations have been conducted to measure energy consumption, packet delivery ratio and end to end delay. The results demonstrate that the proposed scheme outperforms the counterpart schemes under consideration in terms of energy and packet delivery ratio.
Implications of low muscle mass across the continuum of care: a narrative review

Abstract Abnormalities in body composition can occur at any body weight. Low muscle mass is a predictor of poor morbidity and mortality and occurs in several populations. This narrative review provides an overview of the importance of low muscle mass on health outcomes for patients in inpatient, outpatient and long-term care clinical settings. A one-year glimpse at publications that showcases the rapidly growing research of body composition in clinical settings is included. Low muscle mass is associated with outcomes such as higher surgical and post-operative complications, longer length of hospital stay, lower physical function, poorer quality of life and shorter survival. As such, the potential clinical benefits of preventing and reversing this condition are likely to impact patient outcomes and resource utilization/health care costs. Clinically viable tools to measure body composition are needed for routine screening and intervention. Future research studies should elucidate the effectiveness of multimodal interventions to counteract low muscle mass for optimal patient outcomes across the healthcare continuum. Key messages Low muscle mass is associated with several negative outcomes across the healthcare continuum. Techniques to identify and counteract low muscle mass in clinical settings are needed.
Reciprocal F1 Hybrids of Two Inbred Mouse Strains Reveal Parent-of-Origin and Perinatal Diet Effects on Behavior and Expression

Parent-of-origin effects (POE) in mammals typically arise from maternal effects or imprinting. In some instances, such POE have been associated with psychiatric disorders, as well as with changes in a handful of animal behaviors. However, POE on complex traits such as behavior remain largely uncharacterized. Moreover, although both behavior and epigenetic effects are known to be modified by perinatal environmental exposures such as nutrient deficiency, the architecture of such environment-by-POE is mostly unexplored. To study POE and environment-by-POE, we employ a relatively neglected but especially powerful experimental system for POE-detection: reciprocal F1 hybrids (RF1s). We exposed female NOD/ShiLtJ×C57Bl/6J and C57Bl/6J×NOD/ShiLtJ mice, perinatally, to one of four different diets, then after weaning recorded a set of behaviors that model psychiatric disease. Whole-brain microarray expression data revealed an imprinting-enriched set of 15 genes subject to POE. The most-significant expression POE, on the non-imprinted gene Carmil1 (a.k.a. Lrrc16a), was validated using qPCR in the same and in a new set of mice. Several behaviors, especially locomotor behaviors, also showed POE. Bayesian mediation analysis suggested Carmil1 expression suppresses behavioral POE, and that the imprinted gene Airn suppresses POE on Carmil1 expression. A suggestive diet-by-POE was observed on percent center time in the open field test, and a significant diet-by-POE was observed on one imprinted gene, Mir341, and on 16 non-imprinted genes. The relatively small, tractable set of POE and diet-by-POE detected on behavior and expression here motivates further studies examining such effects across RF1s on multiple genetic backgrounds.
Green tea consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in Chinese adults: the Shanghai Women's Health Study and the Shanghai Men's Health Study.

Background Epidemiological evidence on the association between tea consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is inconsistent. This study prospectively investigated whether green tea drinking affects the risk of T2D. Methods This study included participants from the Shanghai Women's Health Study (N = 67 058) and the Shanghai Men's Health Study (N = 52 315) without diabetes at study enrolment. Details of tea consumption, including types and amounts, were collected at the baseline and follow-up survey. Incident T2D was identified through follow-up surveys. Plasma level of caffeine metabolite was measured in a nested case-control study involving 592 diabetes case-control pairs. Cox regression analysis, with tea drinking as a time-dependent variable and covariates adjusted for by a propensity score, was applied to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for T2D risk. Logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate the association between caffeine metabolites and T2D risk. Results Current green tea drinkers had an increased risk of T2D compared with non-current drinkers [HR = 1.20 (95% CI = 1.14-1.27)], and a dose-response relationship was observed for duration of drinking tea and the amount of tea consumed [P for trend <0.001]. The increased risk associated with green tea drinking was observed in both women and men, across the entire period of follow-up, with HR (95% CI) of 1.08 (0.97-1.19) within 5 years of follow-up, 1.22 (1.12-1.32) during the period of 5-10 years of follow-up and 1.16 (1.03-1.30) after 10 years of follow-up. This association did not vary significantly by body mass index, waist-to-hip circumference ratio or smoking status. Plasma level of caffeine was also associated with increased diabetes risk (P = 0.03), confirming the results based on self-reported tea drinking. Conclusions Green tea drinking was associated with an increased risk of T2D in Chinese adults. The mechanisms underlying the association need to be elucidated.
Feed piglets early weaned and effects on subsequent performance tofinished

1. IntRODUCCIón La porcicultura peruana viene en los últimos tiempos practicando el destete entre 21 a 28 días de edad, sin embargo hay un gran interés en destetar los lechones más temprano para aumentar el número de lechones/ marrana/año. El objetivo de esta práctica es elevar la productividad en la crianza intensiva de cerdos, vía reducción del intervalo entre partos/marrana/año. Realizaremos en este documento, un abordaje a las alteraciones a nivel de morfología intestinal, su efecto en la actividad de las enzimas digestivas intestinales como consecuencia del destete, así como, a las implicancias que ello conlleva a nivel de consumo voluntario de alimento y sobre el desempeño de los gorrinos en las etapas posteriores a la recría.
The Imaging of Localization Related Symptomatic Epilepsies: The Value of Arterial Spin Labelling Based Magnetic Resonance Perfusion

Accurate identification of the epileptogenic zone is an important prerequisite in presurgical evaluation of refractory epilepsy since it affects seizure-free outcomes. Apart from structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), delineation has been traditionally done with electroencephalography and nuclear imaging modalities. Arterial spin labelling (ASL) sequence is a non-contrast magnetic resonance perfusion technique capable of providing similar information. Similar to single-photon emission computed tomography, its utility in epilepsy is based on alterations in perfusion linked to seizure activity by neurovascular coupling. In this article, we discuss complementary value that ASL can provide in the evaluation and characterization of some basic substrates underlying epilepsy. We also discuss the role that ASL may play in sMRI negative epilepsy and acute scenarios such as status epilepticus.
Chronic exposure to quinalphos shows biochemical changes and genotoxicty in erythrocytes of silver barb, Barbonymus gonionotus

Abstract An in vivo study was carried out on the freshwater fish Barbonymus gonionotus to evaluate the genotoxic effects of the organophosphate quinalphos. The fish were exposed to sub-lethal doses of quinalphos (0%, 10%, 25%, and 50% of LC50) for a period of 30 days. Analysis of biochemical characteristics (protein and lipid contents of different organs), nuclear abnormalities of erythrocytes (NAE) and morphological abnormalities of erythrocytes (MAE) were performed on peripheral erythrocytes sampled at post-treatment intervals of 0 and 30 days. The biochemical results revealed a significant dose-dependent decline in protein and lipid contents and increase in the frequencies of NAE as well as MAE. Our findings also confirmed that the morphological deformations of erythrocytes in addition to NAE on fish erythrocytes in vivo are effective tools in determining the potential genotoxicity of organophosphates.
Alineación forzada sin entrenamiento para la anotación automática de corpus orales de las lenguas indígenas de Costa Rica

La alineacion forzada provee un ahorro drastico de tiempo al segmentar grabaciones de habla. Esto es parti- cularmente util para las lenguas indigenas, las cuales carecen de recursos para su estudio desde la linguistica computacional. Este articulo presenta un metodo para alinear grabaciones en bribri, cabecar y malecu usando modelos acusticos entrenados para ingles y frances. Se usaron los sistemas FAVE-align e EasyAlign para pro- ducir TextGrids de Praat, y se obtuvieron errores de 2~3 milisegundos para el centro de las palabras en bribri y malecu (8~13% de la duracion de las palabras) y de 7 milisegundos para el cabecar (37% de la duracion de las palabras). Los fonemas tambien tuvieron un desempeno adecuado; para el bribri y el malecu el 40% de los fonemas estaban alineados con un error igual o menor a 1 milisegundo, mientras que esta cifra es de 24% para el cabecar. El desempeno mas bajo del cabecar puede deberse a que uso una grabacion con mas ruido ambien- tal. Estos sistemas de alineacion forzada pueden ayudar al estudio automatizado de las lenguas de Costa Rica mediante la generacion de corpus alineados que puedan usarse para estudios foneticos y para entrenamiento de modelos acusticos y de reconocimiento del habla.
The long non-coding RNA landscape of periodontal ligament stem cells subjected to compressive force.

Objective The role of long non-coding ribonucleic acids (lncRNAs) during orthodontic tooth movement remains unclear. We explored the lncRNA landscape of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) subjected to compressive force. Materials and methods PDLSCs were subjected to static compressive stress (2 g/cm2) for 12 hours. Total RNA was then extracted and sequenced to measure changes in lncRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to validate the expression levels of certain lncRNAs. Differential expression analysis as well as Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were also performed. Results In total, 90 lncRNAs and 519 mRNAs were differentially expressed in PDLSCs under compressive stress. Of the lncRNAs, 72 were upregulated and 18 downregulated. The levels of eight lncRNAs of interest (FER1L4, HIF1A-AS2, MIAT, NEAT1, ADAMTS9-AS2, LUCAT1, MIR31HG, and DHFRP1) were measured via qRT-PCR, and the results were found to be consistent with those of RNA sequencing. GO and KEGG pathway analyses showed that a wide range of biological functions were expressed during compressive loading; most differentially expressed genes were involved in extracellular matrix organization, collagen fibril organization, and the cellular response to hypoxia. Conclusions The lncRNA expression profile was significantly altered in PDLSCs subjected to compressive stress. These findings expand our understanding of molecular regulation in the mechanoresponse of PDLSCs.
Market segmentation and analysis of online shopping in Jordan and the region

This paper aims at studying the market strength of eight countries from the Middle East, in addition to utilizing Data Mining (DM) tools to come up with a model for market segmentation, for that Weka software was used and Simple K Means clustering technique was utilized. The analysis results highlighted and differentiated markets' strength and weights, and it elucidated the market segments for the logistics services company, which in turn would enhance targeted marketing campaigns, future collaborations and possible offers.
Enteric Virome and Bacterial Microbiota in Children With Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn Disease

Objectives: We examined the fecal virome and bacterial community composition of children with Crohn disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and healthy controls to test the hypothesis that unique patterns of viral organisms and/or presence of bacterial pathogens may be identified that could contribute to the pathogenesis of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: Fecal samples from 24 children (mean 12.2 years) with CD (n = 7) or UC (n = 5) and similar aged controls (n = 12) were processed to determine individual viromes. Viral sequences were identified through translated protein sequence similarity search. Bacterial microbiota were determined by sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Results: Only a few human viruses were detected, so virome analyses focused on bacterial viruses. The relative abundance of Caudovirales was greater than that of Microviridae phages in both IBD and healthy controls. Caudovirales phages were more abundant in CD (mean 80.8%) than UC (48.8%) (P = 0.05) but not controls. The richness of viral strains in Microviridae but not Caudovirales was higher in controls than CD (P = 0.05) but not UC cases. No other measure of phage abundance, richness, or Shannon diversity showed significant difference between the 2 IBD and control groups. Bacterial microbiota analysis revealed that IBD diagnosis, albumin, hemoglobin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and probiotic supplementation correlated to the composition of gut bacterial microbiota. Conclusions: Minor patterns in gut virome and bacterial community composition distinguish pediatric IBD patients from healthy controls. Probiotics are associated with bacterial microbiota composition. These exploratory results need confirmation in larger studies.
Randomized controlled trial assessing the effectiveness of midazolam premedication as an anxiolytic, analgesic, sedative, and hemodynamic stabilizer

Background: Midazolam premedication is widely used before general anesthesia, but lacks clinical evidence of effectiveness. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of midazolam premedication following 4 aspects: anxiety reduction, sedation, hemodynamic stabilization, and analgesia. Methods: In a randomized, single-blind, prospective study, a total of 128 women were allocated to the midazolam premedication group (Group P, n = 64) or the control group (Group N, n = 64). The patients were asked to complete the Beck anxiety inventory (BAI) 2 times: on the day before surgery (BS) and 30 minutes after midazolam premedication (T0). Depth of anesthesia using state entropy (SE), conventional hemodynamic data using heart rate (HR) and mean blood pressure (MBP), and analgesic profiles using surgical pleth index (SPI) were acquired at the following 4 points: T1—pre-induction, T2—prior to intubation, T3—intubation, and T4—20 minutes after intubation. Results: No change in BAI score was observed between BS and T0 in both groups P and N (median and interquartile range [IQR], Group P: BS—4.5 [2.0–7.0], T0—4.0 [1.0–9.0], P = .603; Group N: BS—4.0 [1.0–8.5], T0—3.5 [1.0–6.0], P = .066). Midazolam premedication reduced SE at T2–4 (mean difference with 95% confidence interval [95% CI], T2—7.1 [1.6–12.6], P = .012; T3—10.4 [6.5–14.4], P < .001; T4—9.2 [5.0–13.4], P < .001). Midazolam premedication also reduced HR (mean differences [95% CI], T1—7.3 [2.5–12.1], P = .003; T3—6.6 [1.1–12.2], P = .020) and MBP at T1 and T3 (mean differences [95% CI], T1—7.3 [2.5–12.1], P = .003; T3—8.6 [1.3–15.9], P = .021), and lowered SPI at T1–3 (mean differences [95% CI]: T1—12.7 [6.1–19.4], P < .001; T2—6.0 [0.5–11.5], P = .033; T3—7.9 [1.7–14.1], P = .012). Conclusion: Midazolam premedication did not reduce the level of anxiety. However, midazolam premedication reduced the entropy values, stabilized hemodynamics, and provided analgesia during the induction of anesthesia. The purpose of midazolam premedication needs to be reconsidered.
A comprehensive study of cyber attacks & counter measures for web systems

Technology is growing rapidly and data is being stored on online servers. As technology is evolving, on the other side it is opening doors for cyber crimes. Attackers are continually developing new methods, tools and techniques to deface online systems. A website with compromised security and Vulnerabilities can give opportunities to hackers to get access to your network. There are a lot of techniques that doesn't required prior knowledge of hacking. These techniques can be applied using little knowledge about these attack. These attacks can be performed by any user if there exits some vulnerable code in website. In this paper, we presented a different type of cyber-attacks, loopholes due to which hacking become possible and countermeasures to prevent hacking attacks. We perform different experiments to detect these attacks, and to test countermeasures. This countermeasure should be used by developers, Penetration Testers & security experts to ensure the security of web systems.