Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supraorbital Nerve Radiofrequency for Severe Neuralgia Caused by Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus

Background Radiofrequency of the Gasserian ganglion can be used for ophthalmic herpetic neuralgia (OHN), but it is associated with complications. This study aimed to use the supraorbital nerve for computed tomography- (CT-) guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation to treat refractory OHN. Methods This was a retrospective case series study of patients with simple or combined OHN treated at our hospital between 06/2012 and 06/2018. The numerical rating score (NRS), spontaneous pain, allodynia, gabapentin dosage, paracetamol/oxycodone dosage, patient global impression of change (PGIC) score, Barrow numbness score, postoperative 360-day recurrence rate, and complications were recorded before the operation and at 1, 30, 90, 180, and 360 days after the operation. Results Compared with baseline, the NRS was decreased, and PGIC was increased at postoperative 1, 30, 90, 180, and 360 days, and the gabapentin and paracetamol oxycodone doses at postoperative 30, 90, 180, and 360 days were decreased (all P < 0.001). Compared with 1 day after the operation, numbness was decreased at 30, 90, 180, and 360 days after the operation (P < 0.001). Compared with baseline, the number of patients with allodynia at each time point after the operation was decreased (P < 0.001), but without a difference for spontaneous pain (P=0.407). No subjects showed drooping eyelid, corneal ulcers, eyeball damage, decreased vision, and other severe complications. Conclusion CT-guided supraorbital nerve radiofrequency thermocoagulation for the treatment of OHN can effectively relieve pain and reduce the dose of analgesics, without any serious complication. This study suggests that this technique is feasible and applicable to clinical practice.
Yiqi Yangyin Huoxue Method in Treating IdiopathicPulmonary Fibrosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Objective Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a common respiratory disease that can lead to respiratory failure in severe condition. Despite notable advances in its treatment, some patients show poor effect when treated with conventional western medicine (CWM). Traditional Chinese medicine with the Yiqi Yangyin Huoxue method (YQYYHXM) has been reported to be positive for IPF. In order to explore the effectiveness and safety of YQYYHXM in the treatment of IPF, we performed this meta-analysis. Method We searched six databases including Embase, Cochrane, PubMed, CNKI, Wan Fang, and VIP database from their inception to June 1, 2019, and then selected eight studies. Two reviewers independently conducted methodological evaluation and data analysis by the software RevMan 5.3. 3 and Stata 12.0. Results The meta-analysis revealed that when YQYYHXM was adopted in combination with CWM, cough, chest pain, and shortness of breath of IPF patients improved significantly. After treatment with YQYYHXM combined with CWM, the SGRQ of IPF patients substantially enhanced. YQYYHXM also has positive effect on 6MWD and TLC, but the improvement on FVC was not obvious. In addition, YQYYHXM has no significance in improving PaO2. All the adverse events were reported in the control group. Conclusion YQYYHXM is more effective and safe as adjunctive treatment for patients with IPF. However, in the future, long-term, large-scale, and high-quality trials will be required to provide more convincing evidence of YQYYHXM due to some limitations of this review.
Mobile phone ownership and willingness to receive mHealth services among patients with diabetes mellitus in South-West, Nigeria

Introduction mobile phone technology is increasingly used to overcome traditional barriers to limiting access to diabetes care. This study evaluated mobile phone ownership and willingness to receive and pay for mobile phone-based diabetic services among people with diabetes in South-West, Nigeria. Methods two hundred and fifty nine patients with diabetes were consecutively recruited from three tertiary health institutions in South-West, Nigeria. Questionnaire was used to evaluate mobile phone ownership, willingness to receive and pay for mobile phone-based diabetic health care services via voice call and text messaging. Results 97.3% owned a mobile phone, with 38.9% and 61.1% owning smartphone and basic phone respectively. Males were significantly more willing to receive mobile-phone-based health services than females (81.1% vs 68.1%, p=0.025), likewise married compared to unmarried [77.4% vs 57.1%, p=0.036]. Voice calls (41.3%) and text messages (32.4%), were the most preferred modes of receiving diabetes-related health education with social media (3.1%) and email (1.5%) least. Almost three-quarter of participants (72.6%) who owned mobile phone, were willing to receive mobile phone-based diabetes health services. The educational status of patients (adjusted OR [AOR]: 1.7{95% CI: 1.6 to 2.1}), glucometers possession (AOR: 2.0 [95% CI: 1.9 to 2.1) and type of mobile phone owned (AOR: 2.9 [95% CI: 2.8 to 5.0]) were significantly associated with the willingness to receive mobile phone-based diabetic services. Conclusion the majority of study participants owned mobile phones and would be willing to receive and pay for diabetes-related healthcare delivery services provided the cost is minimal and affordable.
Overview of Risk Factors and Prevention of Capsular Contracture Following Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction and Cosmetic Surgery: A Systematic Review

Capsular contracture is one of the most common complications of implant-based breast reconstruction or augmentation surgery. Despite advanced molecular biology, the exact mechanism of this complication is not fully understood. PubMed was searched for studies, published from 2015 to 2020, focused on potential risk factors and preventions of capsular contracture (CC) in patients who underwent implant-based breast surgery. A total of 533 articles were identified from PubMed, and 13 articles were selected ultimately for our review after eligibility screening and quality appraisal. Common risk factors of CC include biofilm, surgical site infections (SSI), history of prior CC or fibrosis, history of radiation therapy, and implant characteristics. Interventions that decrease the rate of CC include antibiotic prophylaxis or irrigation, acellular dermal matrix (ADM), leukotriene (LTE) inhibitors, surgical techniques, and others. Multiple risk factors are proposed to be a component of the pathophysiology of CC. However, there is inconsistent evidence supporting these risk factors, and the current data was based on broad heterogeneous studies. While efforts are being undertaken to solve this complication with improved technologies and surgical practices, CC remains to be unsolved. Our objective was to provide a summary of the current data of contributing risk factors as well as preventative and treatment measures for CC.
First Principle Study of the Mechanical Properties and Phonon Dispersion of the Iron Pnictide Compound EuFe2As2

We present results on the first principle study of the elastic constants and the phonon dispersion of EuFe2As2 at zero pressure. The ground-state energy calculations were performed within Density Functional Theory (DFT) and the generalized gradient approximation using the pseudopotential method with plane-wave basis sets. The projector augmented-wave (PAW) pseudopotentials were used in our calculation. The open source code QUANTUM ESPRESSSO was used with its pseudopotential database. The study on the elastic constants at zero pressure was a clear indication that the compound is mechanically stable, and the phonon dispersion study also indicated that the compound is dynamically stable. The elastic constants and mechanical properties also led to the conclusion that the compound is ductile and anisotropic.
Implication of Gut Microbiota in Cardiovascular Diseases

Emerging evidence has identified the association between gut microbiota and various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Altered intestinal flora composition has been described in detail in CVDs, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and arrhythmia. In contrast, the importance of fermentation metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and secondary bile acid (BA), has also been implicated in CVD development, prevention, treatment, and prognosis. The potential mechanisms are conventionally thought to involve immune regulation, host energy metabolism, and oxidative stress. However, numerous types of programmed cell death, including apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and clockophagy, also serve as a key link in microbiome-host cross talk. In this review, we introduced and summarized the results from recent studies dealing with the relationship between gut microbiota and cardiac disorders, highlighting the role of programmed cell death. We hope to shed light on microbiota-targeted therapeutic strategies in CVD management.
DNMT3B Expression Might Contribute to Abnormal Methylation of RASSF1A in Lager Colorectal Adenomatous Polyps

Background It is pretty well known that DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) are actively involved in abnormal cell growth. The goal of the current study is to explore the correlation between DNMT expression and colorectal adenomatous polyps (CAPs). Method Twenty pairs of CAP samples with a diameter ≥ 10 mm and corresponding normal colorectal mucosa (NCM) tissues from patients were used in the present study. The expression levels and activity of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) were measured in the CAP tissues. The global methylation and the promoter methylation level of 3 kinds of tumour suppressor gene were detected. Results mRNA and protein levels of DNMT3B were found to be elevated in the CAP tissues compared with the control tissue. Additionally, the methylation of long interspersed nuclear elements-1 (LINE-1/L1) was decreased in the CAP tissue. Furthermore, methylation of the promoter of a tumour suppressor gene Ras association domain family 1A (RASSF1A) was increased in the CAP tissues, while the mRNA levels of RASSF1A were decreased. Conclusions These results suggest that the overexpression of DNMT3B may contribute to a role in the genesis of CAPs through the hypomethylation of chromosomes in the whole cell and promoter hypermethylation of RASSF1A.
Effects and Mechanisms of Acupuncture Combined with Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation on Neural Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury: Progress and Prospects

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a structural event with devastating consequences worldwide. Due to the limited intrinsic regenerative capacity of the spinal cord in adults, the neural restoration after SCI is difficult. Acupuncture is effective for SCI-induced neurologic deficits, and the potential mechanisms responsible for its effects involve neural protection by the inhibition of inflammation, oxidation, and apoptosis. Moreover, acupuncture promotes neural regeneration and axon sprouting by activating multiple cellular signal transduction pathways, such as the Wnt, Notch, and Rho/Rho kinase (ROCK) pathways. Several studies have demonstrated that the efficacy of combining acupuncture with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation is superior to either procedure alone. The advantage of the combined treatment is dependent on the ability of acupuncture to enhance the survival of MSCs, promote their differentiation into neurons, and facilitate targeted migration of MSCs to the spinal cord. Additionally, the differentiation of MSCs into neurons overcomes the problem of the shortage of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) in the acupuncture-treated SCI patients. Therefore, the combination of acupuncture and MSCs transplantation could become a novel and effective strategy for the treatment of SCI. Such a possibility needs to be verified by basic and clinical research.
Trichoscopy of Alopecia Areata: Hair Loss Feature Extraction and Computation Using Grid Line Selection and Eigenvalue

Recently, the hair loss population, alopecia areata patients, is increasing due to various unconfirmed reasons such as environmental pollution and irregular eating habits. In this paper, we introduce an algorithm for preventing hair loss and scalp self-diagnosis by extracting HLF (hair loss feature) based on the scalp image using a microscope that can be mounted on a smart device. We extract the HLF by combining a scalp image taken from the microscope using grid line selection and eigenvalue. First, we preprocess the photographed scalp images using image processing to adjust the contrast of microscopy input and minimize the light reflection. Second, HLF is extracted through each distinct algorithm to determine the progress degree of hair loss based on the preprocessed scalp image. We define HLF as the number of hair, hair follicles, and thickness of hair that integrate broken hairs, short vellus hairs, and tapering hairs.
Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Associated Factors among Khat Chewers in Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia

Individuals with substance use disorder are prone to develop different psychiatric disorders. Substance abuse and associated problems are of current global concern that leads to mental health disorders which contributed about 14% of the global burden of the disease. It has become an epidemic in some parts of the African region with adolescents being the main victims of the ill health and social effects of substance use. This study is aimed at assessing the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress and associated factors among khat chewers in the Amhara region, 2019. A community-based cross-sectional study was done from February 14 to April 15, 2019. A purposive sampling technique was used to enroll the subjects. Data was collected using the face-to-face interview technique using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21) questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to summarize the results. p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 478 participants were enrolled in the study with a response rate of 94.1%. The overall prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was 27.4%, 40.6%, and 18.8%, respectively. Around 43% of the respondents develop dependency from khat chewing. Working in a private sector, being self-employed, being jobless, spending 90 to 180 minutes and more, chewing 51-100 g and more, and chewing khat more than once per week were positively associated with stress. On the other hand, being a private sector worker, being jobless, completing secondary education, earning 1001-5000 ETB per month, chewing khat more than once per week, being khat dependent, and the presence of chronic illness were positively associated with anxiety. History of chronic illness and being khat dependent were positively associated with depression. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was high among khat chewers in the Amhara region. Special attention has to be given to khat chewers since khat chewing will double the burden of mental illness. Proper awareness and evaluation activities will reduce the impact of the problem.
Ureterocalyceal Fistula: A Rare Complication of Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy

Background Postoperative urinary leak is a well-documented complication following partial nephrectomy. It usually presents as persistent discharge from the retroperitoneal drain, nephrocutaneous fistula, urinary collection, systemic manifestations, or abdominal symptoms. Herein, we report for the first time on a case of urinary leak postlaparoscopic partial nephrectomy which did not heal and led to the formation of ureterocalyceal fistula. Case Presentation. A 41-year-old male presented with a coincidental renal mass at the inferiomedial aspect of the right kidney. He underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. On the third postoperative day, he developed fever. CT scan showed minimal urine leak from the tumor site and a JJ stent was inserted. Due to severe bladder symptoms, the stent was removed and a perirenal drain was inserted and removed in few days. He did well initially but in two weeks, he started to develop urinary tract infections. Repeat CT scan showed ongoing urinary leak from the site of the previous surgery. Retrograde pyelography demonstrated a complete UPJ stenosis with an ureterocalyceal fistula. Trial for reanastomosis failed due to severe adhesions and small intrarenal pelvis. An ureterocalyceal anastomosis has to be performed to another calyx. Conclusion We report for the first time on an ureterocalyceal fistula following laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. This complication might be prevented by a careful dissection of the area close to the ureter or by an insertion of a JJ stent for an adequate time if a ureteric injury is suspected.
Acute acid load in chronic kidney disease increases plasma potassium, plasma aldosterone and urinary renin

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Aescin Protects Neuron from Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Regulating the PRAS40/mTOR Signaling Pathway

Ischemic stroke is one of the major causes of disability; widely use of endovascular thrombectomy or intravenous thrombolysis leads to more attention on ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R injury). Aescin, a natural compound isolated from the seed of the horse chestnut, has been demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antiedematous effects previously. This study was aimed at determining whether aescin could induce protective effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury and exploring the underlying mechanisms in vitro. Primary cultured neurons were subjected to 2 hours of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) followed by 24 hours of simulated reperfusion. Aescin, which worked in a dose-dependent manner, could significantly attenuate neuronal death and reduce lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release after OGD and simulated reperfusion. Aescin treatment at a concentration of 50 μg/ml provided protection with fewer side effects. Results showed that aescin upregulated the phosphorylation level of PRAS40 and proteins in the mTOR signaling pathway, including S6K and 4E-BP1. However, PRAS40 knockdown or rapamycin treatment was able to undermine and even abolish the protective effects of aescin; meanwhile, the levels of phosphorylation PRAS40 and proteins in the mTOR signaling pathway were obviously decreased. Hence, our study demonstrated that aescin provided neuronal protective effects against I/R injury through the PRAS40/mTOR signaling pathway in vitro. These results might contribute to the potential clinical application of aescin and provide a therapeutic target on subsequent cerebral I/R injury.
Effect of Adding Losartan to Bevacizumab for Treating Diabetic Macular Edema

Introduction Diabetic retinopathy is the most common cause of visual loss and blindness in the age group of 20 to 64 years. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of oral Losartan adjuvant therapy in combination with intravitreal injection of Bevacizumab in the treatment of diabetic macular edema. Methods In this randomized clinical trial, 61 eyes of 47 patients with normal blood pressure and diabetic macular edema and nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy were studied. Patients were randomly divided into Losartan (n = 33) and control (n = 28) groups. All patients received 3–6 intravitreal injections of Bevacizumab over 6 months. General examination including blood pressure and glycosylated hemoglobin measurements were performed in all patients. Complete ophthalmologic examination and macular OCT were performed at the first, third, and sixth months of treatment in all patients. Results The mean age of the patients studied was 57.1 ± 7.4 years and 37.7% of the patients were male. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of initial visual acuity, central macular thickness, and frequency of injections. There was no significant difference in visual acuity and central macular thickness between the two groups at the first, third, and sixth months of treatment. Age, frequency of injection, and initial macular thickness less than 450 microns were effective in patients' final visual acuity. Conclusion Short-term adjuvant treatment with Losartan in patients with diabetic macular edema and nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy has no greater effect than the standard treatment.
Madagascar 2018-2019 measles outbreak response: main strategic areas

Introduction on October 4th, 2018, a measles outbreak was declared in Madagascar. This study describes the outbreak response in terms of coordination, case management, vaccination response and epidemiological surveillance. Methods data were collected using a line list and vaccination tally sheet. Serum samples were collected within 30 days of rash onset for laboratory testing; confirmation was made by detection of measles immunoglobulin M antibody. Results from September 2018 to May 2019, a total of 146,277 measles cases were reported which included 1394 (1%) laboratory-confirmed cases and 144,883 (99%) epidemiological link-confirmed cases. The outbreak affected equally males (72,917 cases; 49.85%) and females (73,233 cases; 50.06%). The sex was not specified for 127 (0.09%) cases. Case fatality rate and attack rate were high among children less than 5 years. Responses interventions include effective coordination, free of charge case management, reactive vaccination, strengthened real-time surveillance, communication and community engagement and the revitalization of the routine immunization. Reactive vaccination was implemented in different phases. A total of 7,265,990 children aged from 6 months to 9 years were vaccinated. Post campaign survey coverage was 95%, 96% and 97% for phase 1, 2, 3 respectively. Conclusion elimination of measles will be challenging in Madagascar because of low routine immunization coverage and the absence of a second dose of measles vaccine in the routine immunization schedule.
Exploring the Mechanism on the Medullary Visceral Zone Inhibiting the Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathway Induced by Sepsis

Inflammatory storm is an important pathological mechanism of multiple organ dysfunction, and it is associated with most deaths in septic patients, deserving to be studied. Recent findings have confirmed that the Medullary Visceral Zone (MVZ) regulates inflammation and immunity through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP), but how sepsis affects the MVZ and leads to uncontrolled inflammation remain unclear. The current study reported that sepsis induced MVZ to inhibit CAP which underlies the inflammation storm. Our studies have shown that the rat models of sepsis prepared by cecal ligation and puncture had a higher inflammatory level, higher mortality, and higher Murine Sepsis Score. In septic rats, some indicators of heart rate variability (HRV) such as SDNN, HF band, RMSSD, SD1, and SD2 significantly reduced. In MVZ of septic rats, many cholinergic and catecholaminergic neurons showed apoptotic, with low expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase and choline acetyltransferase. The α7nAChR agonist GTS-21 can improve these pathologies, while the α7nAChR antagonist MLA is the opposite. Our study demonstrates for the first time that cholinergic and catecholaminergic neurons in MVZ went through significant apoptosis and inactiveness in sepsis, which contributes to the inhibition of CAP and acceleration of the inflammation storm in early sepsis. Intervening with CAP has a significant effect on the activity and apoptosis of MVZ neurons while altering systemic inflammation and immunity; in addition, for the first time, we confirmed that some indicators of HRV such as SDNN, HF band, RMSSD, SD1, and SD2 can reflect the activity of CAP, but the CAP interference had little effect on these indicators.