Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic Analysis of the Antennapedia Gene Complex (Ant-C) and Adjacent Chromosomal Regions of DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. II. Polytene Chromosome Segments 84A-84B1,2.

The existence of a gene complex in the proximal right arm of chromosome 3 of Drosophila melanogaster involved in the development of the head and thorax was originally suggested by the phenotypes of several dominant homoeotic mutations and their revertants. A screen for mutations utilizing Df(3R) Antp(Ns+R17) (proximally broken in salivary region 84B1,2) yielded, among 102 recovered mutations, 17 localized by deficiency mapping to the putative homoeotic cluster. These fell into four complementation groups, two of which were characterized by homoeotic phenotypes. To explore the limits of the Antennapedia gene complex (ANT-C) more proximally, a second screen has been undertaken utilizing Df(3R)Scr, a deficiency of 84A1-B1,2. -Of 2832 chromosomes screened, 21 bearing alterations localized to polytene interval 84A-84B1,2 have been recovered. Sixteen are recessive lethals, and five showing reduced viability display a visible phenotype in surviving individuals. Complementation and phenotypic analyses revealed four complementation groups proximal to those identified in the previous screen, including two new alleles of the recessive homoeotic mutation, proboscipedia (pb). Ten of the new mutations correspond to complementation groups defined previously in the Df(3R)Antp(Ns+R17) screen four to the EbR11 group, two to the Scr group and four to the Antp group. -On the basis of the phenotypes of the 39 mutations localized to this region, plus their interactions with extant homoeotic mutations, we postulate that there are at least five functional sites comprising the ANT-C. Three have been demonstrated to be homoeotic in nature. The specific homoeotic transformations thus far observed suggest that these loci are critical for normal development of adult labial, maxillary and thoracic structures.
Sildenafil increases cerebrovascular reactivity: A transcranial Doppler study

The authors performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 28 patients to evaluate the effects of sildenafil on cerebral hemodynamics. A significant improvement of cerebrovascular reactivity, without any modification of other variables, was recorded 1 hour after the administration of 50 mg sildenafil. Further investigations are needed to evaluate whether cerebrovascular reactivity improvement could contribute to triggering sildenafil-induced migraine.
To provide guidelines for designing new mediation tools and identifying matching technique: a classification framework approach

Ontology matching can be defined as the process of discovering similarities between two ontologies and it can be processed exploiting a number of different techniques. To provide a common conceptual basis, researchers have started to develop classifications to distinguish them. The most significant one is the classification proposed by Shvaiko and Euzenat to compare different existing ontology mediation systems as well as to design a new one. As the classification contains some improper identifications and vague categories, we therefore propose a design and input-specific classification framework of ontology matching techniques to address the above problems based on the findings of the literature survey. The framework provides not only a clear guideline on designing new mediation tool but also an effective method to identify the type of the matching technique and its related executive approach simply by comparing input of mediation system with the input layer in the proposed framework.
Levels of nitrate in Swedish lettuce and spinach over the past 10 years

Monitoring of nitrate in Swedish-produced lettuce and spinach over the past 10 years (1996–2005) showed that more than 95% of the samples were below the maximum levels established by the European Commission in 1997. The good agricultural practices used by Swedish farmers may partly explain these results. Analytical results of organic farming production of lettuce from 2000 showed low nitrate levels compared with conventional production. The 10 years of Swedish experience has shown good compliance with the European Union maximum levels, but even lower nitrate levels may be achieved by organic farming methods, at least regarding fresh lettuce grown under cover.
Molecular Classification and Pathogenesis of Eosinophilic Disorders: 2005 Update

Use of the term ‘idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES)’ has highlighted our basic lack of understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of eosinophilic disorders. However, over the last 10 years, the study of hypereosinophilia has enjoyed a revival. This interest has been rekindled by two factors: (1) the development of increasingly sophisticated molecular biology techniques that have unmasked recurrent genetic abnormalities linked to eosinophilia, and (2) the successful application of targeted therapy with agents such as imatinib to treat eosinophilic diseases. To date, most of these recurrent molecular abnormalities have resulted in constitutively activated fusion tyrosine kinases whose phenotypic consequence is an eosinophilia-associated myeloid disorder. Most notable among these are rearrangements of platelet-derived growth factor receptors α and β (PDGFRα, PDGFRβ), which define a small subset of patients with eosinophilic chronic myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs) and/or overlap myelodysplastic syndrome/MPD syndromes, including chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Discovery of the cryptic FIP1L1-PDGFRA gene fusion in cytogenetically normal patients with systemic mast cell disease with eosinophilia or idiopathic HES has redefined these diseases as clonal eosinophilias. A growing list of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 fusion partners has similarly emerged in the 8p11 myeloproliferative syndromes, which are often characterized by elevated eosinophil counts. Herein the focus is on the molecular gains made in these MPD-type eosinophilias, and the classification and clinicopathological issues related to hypereosinophilic syndromes, including the lymphocyte variant. Success in establishing the molecular basis of a group of once seemingly heterogeneous diseases has now the laid the foundation for establishing a semi-molecular classification scheme of eosinophilic disorders.
First successful culture of the marine dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuminata

The dinoflagellate genus Dinophysis in- cludes several species that cause diarrhetic shellfish poi- soning, none of which have yet been established in cul- ture. We report on the maintenance of Dinophysis acuminata cultures that were established in December 2005 and also on its feeding mechanism, and growth rates when fed the ciliate prey Myrionecta rubra with and without the addition of the cryptophyte Teleaulax sp. D. acuminata grew well (growth rate of 0.95 d -1 ) in laboratory culture when supplied with the marine ciliate M. rubra as prey, reaching a maximum concentration of about 2400 cells ml -1 at the end of the feeding experiment. In contrast, D. acuminata did not show sustained growth in the absence of the ciliate or when provided the cryptophyte Teleaulax sp. as prey (D. acuminata used its peduncle to extract the cell contents of the prey organism, M. rubra). Based on the prey- preda- tor interactions occurring among D. acuminata, M. rubra, and Teleaulax sp. in this study, establishment of perma- nent culture of the dinoflagellate D. acuminata may facil- itate a better understanding of the ecophysiology, biol- ogy, and toxicology of Dinophysis species, as well as the evolution of dinoflagellate plastids.
The European Language Portfolio as an Educational Innovation in Primary and Secondary Schools: You Have to Catch Them Young?/Europski jezični portfolio kao obrazovna inovacija u osnovnim i srednjim školama: Uhvatite ih dok su mladi?

Abstract The paper presents a study of the implementation of the European Language Portfolio, an innovative material aimed at boosting learner autonomy and development of multilingual communicative competences in learners of all ages. The monitoring of the piloting of the ELP in Slovenian primary and secondary school over several years included a survey of 1,634 students aged 10 to 17. The survey is analysed with a view to presenting the often overlooked perspective of the end-users of educational innovation, focusing on how learner age affects their patterns of use of the new material as well as their attitudes towards and perceptions of it. The results suggest that age definitely played a role in the learners’ reception of the ELP; the levels and types of engagement with the material and the learners’ perceptions of its difficulty, enjoyability and value for their growth as (language) learners were lower among secondary students than among primary students almost across the board. Age probably played a role in this via two related factors. Greater cognitive maturity seems not to have contributed to a better reception of the innovation; the poorer results in primary schools probably reflect the common decrease of motivation for schoolwork through the teenage years. Key words: age; educational innovation; learner autonomy; learner characteristics; materials; pilot study. --- Sažetak Rad prikazuje istraživanje o primjeni Europskog jezicnog portfolia, inovativnog materijala namijenjenog poticanju autonomije ucenika i razvoju visejezicnih komunikacijskih kompetencija ucenika svih dobnih uzrasta. Za pracenje probnog uvođenja EJP-a u osnovne i srednje skole u Sloveniji u razdoblju od nekoliko godina anketirana su 1643 ucenika u dobi od 10 do 17 godina. Anketa je analizirana s namjerom prikazivanja cesto izostavljene perspektive krajnjih korisnika obrazovne inovacije, s naglaskom na nacin na koji ucenikov uzrast utjece na uzorak koristenja novoga materijala, kao i na njihove stavove i njegov doživljaj. Rezultati ukazuju na to da dob ucenika svakako ima ulogu u prihvacanju EJP-a; razine i vrste angažmana s materijalom i ucenicka percepcija složenosti, uživanje i vrijednost za njihov razvoj kao ucenika (jezika) bili su niži kod ucenika srednjih skola nego kod ucenika osnovnih skola u cijelom uzorku. Dob u tome vjerojatno ima ulogu s pomocu dva povezana cimbenika. Veca kognitivna zrelost, cini se, ne doprinosi boljem prihvacanju inovacije; slabiji rezultati u osnovnoj skoli vjerojatno su odraz uobicajenog smanjenja motivacije za skolski rad tijekom tinejdžerskih godina. Kljucne rijeci: dob; obrazovna inovacija; autonomija ucenika; karakteristike ucenika; materijali; pilot istraživanje. Normal 0 21 false false false SL X-NONE X-NONE
Targeting factor Xa and thrombin: impact on coagulation and beyond

Summary Great advances have been made in recent years in understanding the haemostatic system and the molecular and cellular basis of thrombus formation. Although directly targeting factor Xa or thrombin (factor IIa) for effective anticoagulation is now well established, evidence has emerged suggesting that factor Xa and thrombin are involved in other physiological and pathophysiological cellular processes, including inflammation. These non-haemostatic activities of factor Xa and thrombin are predominantly mediated via the activation of proteinaseactivated receptors. Studies have indicated a potential role of coagulation proteins (including factor Xa and thrombin) in the progression of disease conditions such as atherothrombosis. Preclinical studies have provided evidence for the effects of direct factor Xa or direct thrombin inhibition beyond anticoagulation, including anti-inflammatory activities and atherosclerotic plaque stabilisation. In this article, the non-haemostatic activities of factor Xa and thrombin and the effects of direct inhibition of these coagulation factors on these activities are summarised. In addition, the potential roles of factor Xa and thrombin in atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis are explored and the cardiovascular profiles of rivaroxaban, apixaban and dabigatran etexilate observed in phase III clinical studies are discussed.
Pollinator sharing and gene flow among closely related sympatric dioecious fig taxa

Hybridization and insect pollination are widely believed to increase rates of plant diversification. The extreme diversity of figs (Ficus) and their obligate pollinators, fig wasps (Agaonidae), provides an opportunity to examine the possible role of pollinator-mediated hybridization in plant diversification. Increasing evidence suggests that pollinator sharing and hybridization occurs among fig taxa, despite relatively strict coevolution with the pollinating wasp. Using five sympatric dioecious fig taxa and their pollinators, we examine the degree of pollinator sharing and inter-taxa gene flow. We experimentally test pollinator preference for floral volatiles, the main host recognition signal, from different figs. All five fig taxa shared pollinators with other taxa, and gene flow occurred between fig taxa within and between sections. Floral volatiles of each taxon attracted more than one pollinator species. Floral volatiles were more similar between closely related figs, which experienced higher levels of pollinator sharing and inter-taxa gene flow. This study demonstrates that pollinator sharing and inter-taxa gene flow occurs among closely related sympatric dioecious fig taxa and that pollinators choose the floral volatiles of multiple fig taxa. The implications of pollinator sharing and inter-taxa gene flow on diversification, occurring even in this highly specialized obligate pollination system, require further study.
Milk yield responses to sequential treatments with recombinant bovine somatotrophin and frequent milking in lactating goats

Summary Lactating goats routinely milked twice daily were used. Starting at peak lactation, two groups of five goats were milked three times daily unilaterally (right gland) for 6 weeks, then one group received recombinant bovine somatotrophin (BST) by daily injection for 6 weeks, and finally both groups were returned to unilateral thrice-daily milking (left gland) for 6 weeks. Thrice-daily milking increased milk yield significantly by 10·4%. As thrice-daily milking finished and BST treatment began there was a small (2·7%) but significant increase in whole-udder milk yield in the treated goats and a decline in the control goats; throughout the BST treatment period treated goats produced 14·3% more milk than controls. The effect of BST was the same in glands previously milked thrice daily as in those previously milked twice daily. Milk yield declined as BST treatment finished, but this decline was less in the glands that then began thrice-daily milking. The effect of milking frequency was similar in this period to that obtained earlier in the experiment, and was not different between goats that had previously received BST and those that had not. The results are discussed in relation to the proposed modes of action of BST and frequent milking, and possible interactions between the two.
When to Press On or Turn Back: Dispersal Strategies for Reef Fish Larvae

Events that occur during the pelagic larval stage are thought to be important determinants of reef fish population dynamics. Recent research contradicts the early paradigm of larvae being advected as passive propagules and indicates that many late stage larvae have well‐developed sensory and locomotory capabilities. Whether and how larvae use these capabilities to influence their dispersal is unknown. We compare alternative hypotheses regarding larval behavior. Contrary to the trend in dispersal modeling, we focus on larval biology rather than physical oceanographic considerations. Specifically, we present two streams of models: one that describes a return‐based strategy and one in which dispersal is a central component. The models depend on different sets of behavioral assumptions for a pomacentrid species and for acanthurids, two groups with contrasting early life histories. Whether dispersal or return‐based strategies are favored depends on the efficiency and sustainability of larval swimming methods and the environmental conditions experienced during dispersal. We argue that dispersal models should consider a variety of behavioral hypotheses and that the sensitivity of results to the behavioral assumptions made should be quantified.
Topography of the rabbit paranasal sinuses as a prerequisite to model human sinusitis.

BACKGROUND Anatomical studies of the rabbit paranasal cavities are impelled by the increasing interest in the rabbit model to investigate human sinusitis. Although several such studies have already been performed, the topography of the rabbit dorsal conchal and maxillary sinuses is described ambiguously and the existence of the ethmoidal, frontal and sphenoidal sinuses is controversial. METHODOLOGY The paranasal cavities were investigated using corrosion casting, gross and histological cross-sectioning, and micro-CT scanning of rabbit noses followed by computerized three-dimensional reconstruction. RESULTS Micro-CT scanning was most useful to illustrate the dorsal conchal sinus, the large maxillary sinus consisting of a dorsal and a ventral recess, and the sphenoidal sinus. All these sinuses are paired and symmetrical. A large connection is present between the dorsal conchal sinus and the maxillary sinus resulting in one large conchomaxillary cavity. The sphenoidal sinus lies most caudal and is surrounded by the presphenoid bone. The openings from the nasal cavity into the conchomaxillary cavity and the sphenoidal sinus are very small. CONCLUSIONS The absence of frontal and ethmoidal sinuses in any of the rabbits examined is a major difference between the rabbit and human sinuses. The rabbit maxillary sinus seems most appropriate for experimental work.
Malnutrition and diabetes mellitus are related to hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis

Background/Aims: Studies on animal models of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) suggest that poor nutritional status may facilitate the development of HE. Insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus have recently been reported to affect cognition in patients with hepatitis C cirrhosis awaiting liver transplantation. Our aim was to investigate the effects of malnutrition and diabetes mellitus on HE in unselected patients with liver cirrhosis.
Intermediate Frequency Vacuum Arc Under Axial Magnetic Field

Vacuum switch has advantages of small volume, light weight and large capacity of interrupting current. It has superiority in aviation field. In this paper, intermediate frequency(400Hz-800Hz) vacuum arc generating in an improved weil oscillating circuit is studied in cup-type vacuum interrupter with axial magnetic field, upper limit of current interruption, arc voltage and its noise component, anode melting phenomena and the correlations between the measured arc voltage and the current frequency are investigated.
Comparative proteomic analysis of human oral fluids according to gender and age.

BACKGROUND Recently, interest in finding disease bio-markers in human body fluids including oral fluids (OF), mainly saliva has increased. However, the physiologic differences in salivary proteins according to gender and age should be explored to establish a clinical diagnostic tool. OBJECTIVE To compare OF protein expression according to gender and age, using proteomic approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS Oral fluids from 27 healthy volunteers (14 males, 13 females) was collected and divided into three age-groups. OF proteins were separated by means of 2D-SDS-PAGE. A total of 51 proteins in 37 protein spots were identified by ESI-MS/MS. RESULTS Gender differences revealed six proteins with significant higher expression in females, including β-2-microglobulin and transferrin. Age differences revealed decrease in expression of eight proteins with aging among males and seven proteins differentially expressed with aging among females including prolactin inducible protein, Ig-k light chain, transferrin, and calgranulin-B. CONCLUSION Proteomic analysis of OF revealed differences in protein expression according to gender and age and therefore can highlight future use of this technique for diagnostic purposes in health and in disease.
Expressive timing and dynamics in infant- directed and non-infant-directed singing

Expressive variations in timing and dy- namics were examined in infant-directed performances of Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star by mothers and in non-infant-directed performances by non-mothers. Mothers sang to their infants, and non-mothers sang informally on their own. Acoustic analyses revealed that infant-directed performances had fewer expres- sive variations in timing such as rubato and ritar - dando than did non-infant-directed performances. By contrast, infant-directed performances exhibited a greater dynamic range than non-infant-directed perfor- mances. Moreover, relations between pitch height and amplitude were more tightly coupled in infant-directed than in non-infant-directed performances. We interpret mothers' liberal modulation of dynamics and their lim- ited modulation of timing as fine-tuning to the percep - tual, emotional, and informational needs of infants.
Computer-Aided Detection of Acute Pulmonary Embolism With 64-Slice Multi-Detector Row Computed Tomography: Impact of the Scanning Conditions and Overall Image Quality in the Detection of Peripheral Clots

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of a computer-aided detection (CAD) system for diagnosing peripheral acute pulmonary embolism (PE) with a 64-slice multi-detector row computed tomography (CT). Materials and Methods: Two radiologists investigated the accuracy of a software aimed at detecting peripheral clots (PECAD prototype, version 7; Siemens Medical Systems, Forchheim, Germany) by applying this tool for the analysis of the pulmonary arterial bed of 74 CT angiograms obtained with 64-slice dual-source CT (Definition; Siemens Medical Systems). These cases were retrospectively selected from a database of CT studies performed on the same CT unit, with a similar collimation (64 × 0.6 mm) and similar injection protocols. Patient selection was based on a variety of (1) scanning conditions, namely, nongated (n = 30), electrocardiography-gated (n = 30), and dual-energy CT angiograms (n = 14), and (2) image quality (IQ), namely, scans of excellent IQ (n = 53) and lower IQ due to lower levels of arterial enhancement and/or presence of noise (n = 21). The standard of truth was based on the 2 radiologists' consensus reading and the results of CAD. Results: The software detected 80 of 93 peripheral clots present in the 21 patients (42 segmental and 38 subsegmental clots). The overall sensitivity (95% confidence interval) of the CAD tool was 86% (77%-92%) for detecting peripheral clots, 78% (64.5%-88%) at the segmental level and 97% (85.5%-99.9%) at the subsegmental level. Assuming normal vascular anatomy with 20 segmental and 40 subsegmental arteries, overall specificity and positive and negative predictive values (95% confidence interval) of the software were 91.8% (91%-92.6%), 18.4% (15%-22.4%), and 99.7% (99.5%-99.8%), respectively. A mean of 5.4 false positives was found per patient (total, 354 false positives), mainly linked to the presence of perivascular connective tissue (n = 119; 34%) and perivascular airspace consolidation (n = 97; 27%). The sensitivities (95% confidence interval) for the CAD tool were 91% (69.8%-99.3%) for dual-energy, 87% (59.3%-93.2%) for electrocardiography-gated, and 87% (73.5%-95.3%) for nongated scans (P > 0.05). No significant difference was found in the sensitivity of the CAD software when comparing the scans according to the scanning conditions and image quality. Conclusions: The evaluated CAD software has a good sensitivity in detecting peripheral PE, which is not influenced by the scanning conditions or the overall image quality.