Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Webcontent Visualizer: a Visualization System for Search Engines in Sematic Web

Since the results from Semantic Web search engines are highly structured XML documents, they cannot be efficiently visualized with traditional explorers. Therefore, the Semantic Web calls for a new generation of search query visualizers that can rely on document metadata. This paper introduces such a visualization system called WebContent Visualizer that is used to display and browse search engine results. The visualization is organized into three levels: (1) Carousels contain documents with the same ranking, (2) carousels are piled into stacks, one for each date, and (3) these stacks are organized along a meta-carousel to display the results for several dates. Carousel stacks are piles of local carousels with increasing radii to visualize the ranks of classes. For document comparison, colored links connect documents between neighboring classes on the basis of shared entities. Based on these techniques, the interface is made of three collaborative components: an inspector window, a visualization panel, and a detailed dialog component. With this architecture, the system is intended to offer an efficient way to explore the results returned by Semantic Web search engines.
Model predictive control of a variable-speed pitch-regulated wind turbine

The Model Predictive Controller is designed for a 5MW variable-speed pitch-regulated wind turbine for three operating points - below rated wind speed, just above rated wind speed, and above rated wind speed. At each operating point, the controllers are designed based on two different linear models of the same wind turbine to investigate the impact of using different control design models (i.e. the model used for designing a model-based controller) on the control performance.
Pseudotyped retroviral vectors reveal restrictions to reticuloendotheliosis virus replication in rat cells

Reticuloendotheliosis viruses (Rev) replicate in chicken and dog cells, but not in rat cells. Amphotropic murine leukemia viruses (Am-MLV) replicate in chicken, dog, and rat cells. Transcription from the Rev long terminal repeat, determined by the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assay, was not significantly different from transcription from the MLV long terminal repeat in rat cells. To determine further the step(s) in the retroviral life cycle that is blocked for Rev replication in rat cells, we took advantage of the wide host range of Am-MLV (S. Rasheed, M. B. Gardner, and E. Chan, J. Virol. 19:13-18, 1976) and the ability to form Rev-Am-MLV pseudotypes. Data from these pseudotypes indicate that the block to Rev replication in rat cells is posttranscriptional.
IS1294, a DNA element that transposes by RC transposition.

IS1294, found on the ColD-like resistance plasmid pUB2380, is IS91-like. It is an active 1.7-kb insertion sequence that lacks terminal inverted repeats, displays insertion-site specificity, and does not generate direct repeats of the target site. The element has one large open reading frame, tnp(1294), encoding a transposase of 351 amino acids, related to members of the REP family of replication proteins used by RC-plasmids of gram-positive bacteria. IS1294 transposes using rolling-circle replication, initiated at one end of the element, oriIS, and terminated at the other, terIS. oriIS and terIS are highly conserved among like IS elements. oriIS resembles the leading strand replication origins of RC-plasmids; terIS resembles a rho-independent transcription terminator. IS1294 mediates not only its own transposition, but also sequences adjacent to terIS. A transposition model for IS1294 and related elements, involving rolling-circle replication and single-strand DNA intermediates, is presented.
Functional analysis of CD82 in the early phase of T cell activation: roles in cell adhesion and signal transduction

To define T cell co‐stimulatory molecules that work in the early phase of T cell activation, we established monoclonal antibodies (mAb) that inhibit or enhance T cell activation by the histiocytic leukemia cell line U937. One of the mAb, 53H5, which recognized both T cells and U937, was identified to bind to CD82 by expression cloning. Functional analyses of CD82 revealed that 1) CD82 needs to exist on both T cells and U937 for the full activation of T cells; 2) CD82 expression is up‐regulated on both T cells and U937 by stimulation such as CD3 ligation or treatment with phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate; 3) overexpression of CD82 enhances both homotypic and heterotypic cell adhesion betweenT cells and U937; 4) CD82 signal co‐stimulates T cells and the signal works synergistically with the CD28‐mediated T cell co‐stimulation signal; 5) in mixed leukocyte reactions using U937 as stimulator cells, CD82 overexpression on U937 correlates with the higher allogeneicity of U937 cells. These results indicate that CD82 co‐stimulates T cells not only by sending intra‐T cell signals that work synergistically with CD28 signals but also by inducing enhanced T cell‐antigen‐presenting cell interaction.
Statistical Machine Translation between Related Languages

: Language­independent Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) has proven to be very challenging. The diversity of languages makes high accuracy difficult and requires substantial parallel corpus as well as linguistic resources (parsers, morph analyzers, etc.). An interesting observation is that a large chunk of machine translation (MT) requirements involve related languages. They are either : (i) between related languages, or (ii) between a lingua franca (like English) and a set of related languages. For instance, India, the European Union and South­East Asia have such translation requirements due to government, business and socio­cultural communication needs. Related languages share a lot of linguistic features and the divergences among them are at a lower level of the NLP pipeline. The objective of the tutorial is to discuss how the relatedness among languages can be leveraged to bridge this language divergence thereby achieving some/all of these goals: (i) improving translation quality, (ii) achieving better generalization, (iii) sharing linguistic resources, and (iv) reducing resource requirements. We will look at the existing research in SMT from the perspective of related languages, with the goal to build a toolbox of methods that are useful for translation between related languages. This tutorial would be relevant to Machine Translation researchers and developers, especially those interested in translation between low­resource languages which have resource­rich related languages. It will also be relevant for researchers interested in multilingual computation. We start with a
Salmeterol’s Extreme β2 Selectivity Is Due to Residues in Both Extracellular Loops and Transmembrane Domains

Salmeterol is a long-acting β2-agonist, widely used as an inhaled treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It has very high β2-affinity (log KD −8.95) and is very selective for the β2-adrenoceptor (1000-fold selectivity over the β1-adrenoceptor). This study used a mutagenesis approach to determine the exact amino acids in the human β2-adrenoceptor responsible for this very high selectivity. Wild-type β2- and β1-adrenoceptors, chimeric β2/β1-adrenoceptors, and receptors with single-point mutations were transfected into Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cells, and affinity and function were studied using [3H]CGP 12177 [(−)-4-(3-tert-butylamino-2-hydroxypropoxy)-benzimidazol-2-one] whole-cell binding and [3H]cAMP accumulation. Extracellular loop 3 (and specifically amino acid K305) had the largest single effect by reducing salmeterol’s affinity for the β2-adrenoceptor by 31-fold. H296 in transmembrane 6 also had a major effect (18-fold reduction in salmeterol affinity). Combining these, in the double mutant β2-H296K-K305D, reduced salmeterol’s affinity by 275-fold, to within 4-fold of that of the β1-adrenoceptor, without affecting the affinity or selectivity of other β2-agonists (salbutamol, formoterol, fenoterol, clenbuterol, or adrenaline). Another important amino acid was Y308 in transmembrane 7, although this also affected the affinity and selectivity of other agonists. F194 in extracellular loop 2 and R304 in extracellular loop 3 also had minor effects. None of these mutations (including the double mutant β2-H296K-K305D) affected the efficacy or duration of action of salmeterol. This suggests that the high affinity and selectivity of salmeterol are due to specific amino acids within the receptor itself, but that the duration of action is at least in part due to other factors, for example lipophilicity.
Propofol Inhibits Aquaporin 4 Expression Through a Protein Kinase C–Dependent Pathway in an Astrocyte Model of Cerebral Ischemia/Reoxygenation

BACKGROUND: Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) plays a key role in maintaining water balance in the central nervous system, and its dysfunction may lead to brain edema. Previous studies have suggested that propofol may be involved in neuroprotection by preventing brain edema. In this study, we examined the effects of propofol on edema and assessed its neuroprotective actions in an oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) model of cultured rat astrocytes. We assessed the effects of propofol on AQP4 expression and the possible role of the protein kinase C (PKC) pathway on this effect. METHODS: Neocortical astrocytes were exposed to OGD in an anaerobic chamber. After 6 h of OGD exposure, astrocytes were subsequently subjected to 24 h of reoxygenation. Propofol was added during the OGD phase of the model. Cell morphology was assessed by light microscopy. Astrocyte viability was assessed by measuring 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide absorbency (optical density value) and the percentage of lactate dehydrogenase released by injured astrocytes. AQP4 expression was evaluated with Western blot analysis. To investigate the possible mechanism of propofol’s effects on AQP4 expression, cultured astrocytes were pretreated for 24 h with the PKC activator, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, before the propofol treatment/OGD 6 h/reoxygenation 24 h. RESULTS: We found by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide testing that astrocyte viability began to decrease after about 4 h of OGD exposure and decreased to 60% after 6 h of OGD. When 6 h of OGD was followed by 24 h of reoxygenation, cell viability was further decreased. AQP4 expression was attenuated after 6 h of OGD exposure but was reversed and exceeded baseline levels after 24 h of reoxygenation. Propofol dose-dependently reduced cell death assessed by lactate dehydrogenase test (P < 0.05), and 10 &mgr;M propofol significantly down-regulated AQP4 expression in astrocytes after 6 h of OGD followed by 24 h of reoxygenation (P < 0.01). Prolonged (24 h) pretreatment with the phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate before OGD significantly reversed the effect of propofol on AQP4 expression (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Propofol, administered during OGD, provided neuroprotective effects and down-regulated AQP4 expression in the OGD/reoxygenation model of cultured rat astrocytes. Activation of the PKC pathway may block the effects of propofol.
Don’t save the ball!

Objectives: To identify, over a period of 12 months, all attendances at an accident and emergency department by children over the age of 5 years with an injury to a wrist, hand, or finger, and to examine those sustained as a result of a blow from a ball. Methods: The case notes of all children aged 6–13 years attending the Accident and Emergency Department of the Royal Aberdeen Children’s Hospital in the year 2001 as a result of a wrist, hand, or finger injury sustained from a blow by a ball were reviewed, and the cause, type, and severity of the injury noted. Results: A total of 187 children were identified; 69% were boys and football was the main sport involved. Most (93%) were radiographed, and 40% were positive; most fractures were sustained outwith school. Hand dominance was not significant. Conclusions: These injuries are common and may be preventable with modification of rules, equipment, and coaching. A register of youth sporting injuries may show if there are any detrimental long term effects.
Contribution of FcɛRI-associated vesicles to mast cell–macrophage communication following Francisella tularensis infection

Understanding innate immune intercellular communication following microbial infection remains a key biological issue. Using live cell imaging, we demonstrate that mast cells actively extend cellular projections to sample the macrophage periphery during Francisella tularensis LVS infection. Mast cell MHCIIhi expression was elevated from less than 1% to 13% during LVS infection. Direct contact during co-culture with macrophages further increased mast cell MHCIIhi expression to approximately 87%. Confocal analyses of the cellular perimeter revealed mast cell caspase-1 was localized in close proximity with FcɛRI in uninfected mast cells, and repositioned to clustered regions upon LVS infection. Importantly, mast cell FcɛRI-encompassed vesicles are transferred to macrophages by trogocytosis, and macrophage caspase-1 expression is further up-regulated upon direct contact with mast cells. Our study reveals direct cellular interactions between innate cells that may impact the function of caspase-1, a known sensor of microbial danger and requirement for innate defense against many pathogenic microbes including F. tularensis.
Improved ankle function in children with cerebral palsy after computer‐assisted motor learning

The effect of biofeedback training on ankle function was studied in young children with cerebral palsy (CP) during a pilot study and a 6‐week follow‐up study. Patients underwent range of motion (ROM) and ankle dorsiflexor (DF) strength training in a laboratory 3 days per week, receiving auditory and visual feedback. An at‐home programme used portable EMG units to help train DF muscle recruitment on the remaining days. Independent outcome measures included DF strength, active ROM. and tapping ability pretraining and 6 weeks and 14 months posttraining. Tapping ability increased significantly in the trained leg posttraining. It then fell significantly at the 6‐weeks posttraining test, but remained significantly higher than pretest levels, and returned to pretraining levels by 14 months. Passive ROM was unchanged, but active ROM increased significantly in the trained leg. DF strength increased in most children posttraining in both the pilot and main study. Increased motor‐unit recruitment is believed to explain the increases in DF strength and active ROM. These results suggest that biofeedback training can improve ankle function, and the implications for gait are discussed.
Selective Protein-Lipid Interactions at Membrane Surfaces: A Deuterium and Phosphorus Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of the Association of Myelin Basic Protein with the Bilayer Head Groups of Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine and Dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol

Basic protein from bovine spinal cord was recon- stituted into bilayers of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphocholine, 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-ruc- glycerol, and equimolar mixtures of both phospholipids at various protein concentrations up to 58 wt %. The lipids were selectively deuterated at all positions in their polar head groups, the motional rate and amplitude of which were characterized by deuterium and phosphorus-3 1 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Basic protein, which binds peripherally to mem- branes, did not perturb any part of the head groups in phos- phatidylcholine bilayers in such a way as to induce any sig- nificant changes in the NMR spectra. However, basic protein induced large effects on the phosphorus-3 1 and the deuterium NMR spectra of bilayers of dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol. When compared to those of pure phosphatidylglycerol bilayers at 35 OC, the measured quadrupole splittings decreased by 36%, 28%, and 50% for the a-CD2, P-CD, and 7-CD2 glycerol segments, respectively, and the phosphorus-3 1 chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) was reduced by 34% from -39 to -25 ppm by the addition of 50 wt 7% of basic protein. Deuterium spin-lattice relaxation times T1 for the p-CD and the 7-CD2 segments decreased only slightly after the addition of basic protein. These results indicate that basic protein interacts with the acidic polar head group of phosphatidylglycerol, affecting its orientation or amplitude of motion, as well as its rate of Investigations of lipid-protein interactions in reconstituted model membranes by NMR' or ESR spin-label methods have concentrated predominantly on the characterization of the motion of lipid fatty acyl chains with the hydrophobic surface of integral membrane proteins (Marsh & Watts, 1982; Rice et al., 1979; Oldfield et al., 1978; Seelig et al., 1981). Both magnetic resonance approaches are restricted to giving localized molecular information about the environment close to the site of probe attachment, and 2H NMR spectroscopy is in principle the more versatile approach in that deuterium can substitute for protons at many specific positions in a phospholipid to give information about almost any part of the molecule. Although both methods have their own virtues and strengths in their applicability and motional time scales (Watts, 1981), 2H NMR of specifically deuterated lipids is particularly
Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Controllability of Switched Impulsive Control Systems With Time Delay

This paper first introduces both impulsive and time-delay behavior into switched linear systems at the same time and studies the controllability and reachability of such systems. Necessary and sufficient criteria for reachability and controllability are established. It is proved that reachability is equivalent to controllability for such systems. Our criteria are of geometric type, they can be transformed into algebraic form conveniently. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the utility of our criteria
A Malaria Analytics Framework to Support Evolution and Interoperability of Global Health Surveillance Systems

Malaria is a leading cause of death in Africa. Many organizations, NGO’s, and government agencies are collaborating to prevent, control, and eliminate malaria. In order to succeed in these shared goals, an integrated, consistent knowledge source to empower informed decision-making is required. Malaria surveillance is currently performed using dynamic, interconnected, systems which require rapid data exchange between different platforms. An important challenge these systems must overcome is the occurrence of dynamic changes in one or more interacting components, which can lead to inconsistencies and mismatches between components of the infrastructure. In this paper, we present our efforts toward the design and development of the semantic interoperability and evolution for malaria analytics platform, with the goal of improving data and semantic interoperability for dynamic malaria surveillance and to support the integration of data across multiple scales. The long term target is to deliver transparent and scalable tools for decision making for malaria elimination. Our analysis is focused on sentinel sites in selected African countries, including Uganda and Gabon.
Rollover Risk and Market Freezes 1

We present a model that can explain a sudden collapse in the amount that can be borrowed against assets, even in the absence of asymmetric information or fears about the value of the collateral. Three features of the model are essential: (i) the debt has a much shorter tenor than the assets and needs to rolled over frequently; (ii) in the event of default by the borrower, the collateral is sold by the creditors and there is a (small) liquidation cost; (iii) all potential buyers of the collateral also rely on short-term debt finance. Under these conditions, the debt capacity of the assets (the maximum amount that can be borrowed using the securities as collateral) can be much less than the fundamental value. In fact, it can equal the minimum possible future value of the asset, which may be zero. This is true even if the fundamental value of the assets is currently high. In particular, a small change in the fundamental value of the assets can be associated with a sudden collapse in the debt capacity. The crisis of 2007-09 has been characterized by just such a sudden freeze in the market for short-term, secured borrowing. J.E. L. Classification: G12, G21, G24, G32, G33, D8.
Estrogen Receptor Analysis for Breast Cancer: Current Issues and Keys to Increasing Testing Accuracy

The estrogen receptor (ER) is a regulator of cellular growth, proliferation, and differentiation. In addition to having prognostic value, ER is the most important biologic marker of therapeutic response in breast cancer. Some level of measurable ER protein is expressed in 70-80% of human breast. Immunohistochemistry is the current method of choice for ER assessment, and its predictive value has been shown to be superior to that of biochemically based assays. Although accurate ER protein assessment is critical for optimal treatment of patients with breast cancer, studies have demonstrated inter-laboratory variability in ER detection. False-negative results for tumors with low ER protein levels have been a subject of recent concern. Lack of standardization for immunohistochemistry between laboratories is thought to be the major reason for testing errors, although variability in scoring methods and reporting practices, which can affect results, also plays a role. In this article, we review studies addressing interlaboratory variability and recommend optimal testing techniques and reporting procedures for ER testing, with the goal of increasing interlaboratory standardization for ER analysis by immunohistochemistry. We additionally highlight recent biologic, molecular, and gene expression profiling data related to ER in breast cancer.
Valuing the Environmental Damage or Improvement: Based on the Happiness Method

In addition to standard methods of environmental valuation, a new method has emerged which models individuals' self-reported happiness as a function of their incomes and the environmental quality. The estimated method is used to calculate the trade-off that people would be willing to make between income and environmental conditions, i.e. the increase in income is a necessary compensation to individuals for any given decline in environmental conditions. The happiness method is introduced by both the theoretical and empirical aspects in this paper.
Performance Metric Validation in Chaos

It may come as a surprise to some of us, but our businesses don’t really care all that much about our technology. Bus and people alike want data in a useful medium and they want responsive systems; they don’t want to have to “tune” t tem to make it run. If you don’t believe that, look at your average web surfer. Kids, housewives, and grandparents are Web. Some of them probably know more about the Web than those reading this paper! If you have not already been a probably soon will be asked to manage or tune a web server.