Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Altered nitric oxide calcium responsiveness of aortic smooth muscle cells in spontaneously hypertensive rats depends on low expression of cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase type I

Objectives The nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP)/cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase type I (cGKI) pathway has been extensively investigated in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) as a possible pathogenetic factor. Therefore, we investigated the role of nitric oxide/cGKI on intracellular calcium dynamics ([Ca2+]i) of aortic smooth muscle cells isolated from control normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) and SHR. Methods Rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs) were obtained from 12 to 16-week-old WKY and SHR. [Ca2+]i dynamics were monitored by imaging analysis of fura-2-loaded RASMCs. cGKI mRNA and cGKI protein expression were evaluated by reverse transcription-PCR and western blot. Plasmids codifying for enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) or cGKIα–EGFP were transfected on SHR RASMCs. Results Angiotensin II similarly increased [Ca2+]i in WKY and SHR RASMCs. In WKY RASMCs, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine (SNAP, 1–100 μmol/l) reduced the decay time of angiotensin II-induced [Ca2+]i transient. On the contrary, in SHR cells, SNAP was ineffective. Dibutyryl cyclic GMP (1–100 nmol/l), a membrane-permeable cyclic GMP analogue, behaved similarly to SNAP. In naive SHR RASMCs, cGKI mRNA and cGKI protein were low or absent. After transfection of a plasmid encoding for cGKIα–EGFP, the [Ca2+]i dynamic of SHR-transfected cells regained sensitivity to the nitric oxide/cyclic GMP pathway. Conclusion The low expression of cGKI determines the lack of nitric oxide/cyclic GMP-dependent regulation on [Ca2+]i transient in SHR RASMCs. This alteration may contribute to the development of hypertension and explain suboptimal responses to nitroglycerin and other nitric oxide-releasing molecules in patients.
The Late Neandertal permanent lower left third premolar from Walou Cave (Trooz, Belgium) and its context.

OBJECTIVES We describe a hominin permanent lower left third premolar unearthed in 1997 at Walou Cave (Belgium), found in direct association with a Mousterian lithic industry, in a layer directly dated to 40-38,000 years BP. MATERIALS AND METHODS The taxonomical attribution of the tooth is addressed through comparative morphometric analyses, and stable isotope analyses aimed at determining the diet of the individual. RESULTS The Walou P3 plots within the Neandertal range of variation and is significantly different from recent modern humans in all morphometric assessments. The isotope data showed that like other Neandertals, the Walou individual acquired its dietary proteins primarily from terrestrial food sources. DISCUSSION We discuss the implications of the existence of a clearly Neandertal premolar dating to the period of the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition in the Meuse river basin.
DNA packaging in vitro by an isolated bacteriophage T7 procapsid

The results of previous in vivo studies indicate that a DNA-free procapsid (capsid I) packages bacteriophage T7 DNA during infection of Escherichia coli. It was shown here that capsid I, isolated by electrophoresis in metrizamide density gradients, packaged DNA and formed infectious phage particles when incubated in vitro with extracts deficient in capsid proteins.
Stressful and intrusive life events preceding first episode psychosis

SUMMARY Aim – To test the hypothesis that stressful life events, in particular intrusive events, would cluster before the first onset of psychosis. Method – Forty-one patients with first episode psychosis were interviewed with the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule to assess events in the year before the onset of illness. Events were rated contextually on timing, independence, threat, and intrusiveness. Within-patient group clustering was evaluated, and the patient group was compared with two general population surveys from London. Results – Events were very frequent in the year before the onset of psychosis. Stressful and intrusive events were more common in the three months before onset compared with the previous nine months, although few analyses reached conventional statistical significance. Threatening and intrusive events were much more frequent in patients than in the comparison groups. First episode psychosis patients were strikingly more likely to report an intrusive event in the three months before onset (OR=17.1, 34% v 3%), and also showed an excess between three months and one year before onset (OR=8.1, 11% v 3%). Conclusions – Events may trigger many cases of first episode psychosis. The effect emerges several months before onset, particularly if the events are intrusive. This has both theoretical and clinical implications. Declaration of Interest: DR was supported by a UK Medical Research Council studentship. The authors have no conflicts of interest in writing this paper.
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C→T and 1298A→C mutations are associated with DNA hypomethylation

A growing body of evidence has highlighted the role of abnormal DNA methylation patterns on inappropriate gene expression and promotion of disease.1–3 DNA methylation patterns are maintained by DNA methyltransferases,4–7 using S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) as the methyl group donor; AdoMet is then converted to S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy). Intracellular homocysteine (Hcy) is derived from AdoHcy hydrolysis through the action of AdoHcy hydrolase, a reversible reaction with a dynamic equilibrium that strongly favours AdoHcy synthesis rather than hydrolysis.8 Thus, an efficient metabolic removal of Hcy is required to prevent AdoHcy accumulation. The toxicity of intracellular AdoHcy accumulation lies in its high affinity binding to the catalytic region of most AdoMet dependent methyltransferases (including DNA methyltransferases), acting as its inhibitor.9 Thereby, any disturbance in Hcy metabolism is likely to disturb cellular methylation processes, including DNA methylation patterns. 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is one of the main regulatory enzymes of Hcy metabolism that catalyses the reduction of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, the methyl donor for the remethylation of Hcy to methionine. A common 677C→T transition in the MTHFR gene is a well established genetic determinant of hyperhomocysteinaemia, and results in a thermolabile protein, with a decreased enzymatic activity. The molecular basis of this thermolability is a missense mutation in the exon 4 of the MTHFR gene, a cytosine to thymine substitution at nucleotide 677, which converts an alanine to a valine codon in the N-terminal catalytic domain of the protein. The association between this MTHFR genotype and the total Hcy (tHcy) circulating levels is well known to be contingent on folate status.10,11 Recently, a second polymorphism associated with decreased enzymatic activity but not with thermolability was discovered in the MTHFR gene.12 This genetic variant corresponds to an adenosine to cytosine transversion at nucleotide 1298, in exon 7, leading to …
IgG-mediated viral clearance in experimental infection with herpes simplex virus type 1: role for neutralization and Fc-dependent functions but not C' cytolysis and C5 chemotaxis.

For determination of whether the Fc moiety is required for antibody effectiveness in models of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection, the effects of immune IgG and F(ab')2 fragments were compared by using a passive transfer model of footpad infection. In the IgG- and the F(ab')2-treated groups illness developed in 2 (10%) of 20 and 6 (25%) of 24 mice, respectively, compared with 10 (63%) of 16 controls. IgG treatment markedly, and F(ab')2 treatment moderately, reduced footpad viral titer and viral spread to sciatic nerve and spinal cord. The marked viral clearance by IgG was not attributable to C'-dependent lysis because rapid viral clearance was observed in C5-deficient B10.D2/oSn mice. Viral latency as a consequence of acute infection occurred in 38 (63%) of 60 lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia in the control group, 5 (8%; P less than .001) of 60 in the IgG-treated group, and 26 (33%; P less than .01) of 78 in the F(ab')2-treated group.
Synaptic targets of pyramidal neurons providing intrinsic horizontal connections in monkey prefrontal cortex

In monkey prefrontal cortex, the intrinsic axon collaterals of supragranular pyramidal neurons extend horizontally for considerable distances through the gray matter and give rise to stripe‐like clusters of axon terminals (Levitt et al. [1993] J. Comp. Neurol. 338:360–376). Because understanding the functional role of these connections requires knowledge of their synaptic targets, we made injections of biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) into layer 3 of macaque prefrontal area 9 and examined the labeled intrinsic axon collaterals by electron microscopy. Labeled axon terminals formed exclusively asymmetric synapses, and 95.6% of the postsynaptic structures were dendritic spines, presumably belonging to other pyramidal neurons. The remaining postsynaptic structures were dendritic shafts, many of which had the morphological characteristics of local circuit neurons. The prefrontal injections also labeled associational projections that traveled through the white matter to terminate in other areas of prefrontal cortex. All of the synapses formed by these associational axons were asymmetric, and 91.9% were onto dendritic spines. The similarities in synaptic targets of the prefrontal intrinsic and associational axon terminals suggested that these projections might arise from the same neurons, an interpretation confirmed in dual label, retrograde tracing studies.
Distance geometry.

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SALICYLIC ACID INDUCED SALINITY TOLERANCE IN MAIZE ( ZEA MAYS )

Salicylic acid (SA) a naturally occurring plant hormone is an essential signal molecule recognized to have diverse effects on biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. The present study was planned to investigate the role of SA in salt tolerance of maize. Experiment was conducted to study the SA induce physiological and biochemical changes in two genotypes of maize viz., Sahiwal-2002 and EV-20 in the presence and absence of salt. Salicylic acid @ 0, 0.25 and 0.50 mM along with 120 mM NaCl and Hogland's nutrient solution were applied as rooting medium to 25 days old plants. Results revealed that application of 0.50 mM salicylic acid was most effective to reduce Na but increased K and Ca concentration, shoot biomass as well as better yield under salt stress. Exogenous application of different concentrations of SA enhanced photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, sub-stomatal CO2 concentration, chlorophyll b contents and carotenoids in both genotypes of maize under salt stress. In conclusion, the level of 0.50 mM SA by rooting medium was more effective as compared to 0.25 mM level on growth, gas exchange characteristics, biochemical attributes and yield. Maize genotype Sahiwal-2002 perform better by increasing higher biomass, better gas exchange characteristics as well as higher K/Na and Ca/Na ratios under salt stress.
Antibiotic Production by a Roseobacter Clade-Affiliated Species from the German Wadden Sea and Its Antagonistic Effects on Indigenous Isolates

ABSTRACT A strain affiliated with the Roseobacter clade and producing a new antibiotic named tropodithietic acid (L. Liang, Ph.D. thesis, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany, 2003) was isolated from the German Wadden Sea. The compound showed strong inhibiting properties with respect to marine bacteria of various taxa and marine algae. Antibiotic production was found to occur during the complete growth phase. Strain mutants without antagonistic properties appeared several times spontaneously.
CELL MOVEMENTS.

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Alzheimer's Disease.

Page 1 A BRIEF REVIEW ON ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE 1.1 Reviews on Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder progressive of the brain that causes problems with memory, thinking, and behavior. In the year 1901 Nov 25, Dr.Aloysius Alzheimer a German Neuropathologist and psychiatrist first observed in one of his patient (Auguste deter) (shown in Fig.1.1.1) 51-year-old women had weird behavioral symptoms with a loss of short-term memory, confusion, disorientation, auditory hallucinations, pronounced psychosocial impairment, trouble in expressing her thoughts and unfounded suspicions about her family and hospital staff [1].
Identification of corynebacterium bovis and other coryneforms isolated from bovine mammary glands.

Bovine mastitis remains the most economically important disease in dairy cows. Corynebacterium bovis, a lipid-requiring Corynebacterium spp. , is frequently isolated from the milk of infected mammary glands of dairy cows and is associated with reduced milk production. A total of 212 coryneform bacteria isolated from the milk of dairy cows were obtained from mastitis reference laboratories in the United States and Canada. All isolates had been presumptively identified as Corynebacterium bovis based on colony morphology and growth in the presence of butterfat. Preliminary identification of the isolates was based on Gram stain, oxidase, catalase, and growth on unsupplemented trypticase soy agar (TSA), TSA supplemented with 5% sheep blood, and TSA supplemented with 1% Tween 80. Of the 212 isolates tested, 183 were identified as Corynebacterium spp. based on preliminary characteristics. Of the strains misidentified, one was identified as a yeast, two as Bacillus spp. , 11 as Enterobacteriaceae, 18 as staphylococci, one as a Streptococcus spp. , and one as an Enterococcus spp. Eighty-seven coryneforms were selected for identification to the species level by direct sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, the Biolog system and the API Coryne system. Fifty strains were identified as C. bovis by 16S rRNA gene similarity studies: the Biolog and API Coryne systems correctly identified 54.0 and 88.0% of these strains, respectively. The other coryneforms were identified as other Corynebacterium spp. , Rhodococcus spp. , or Microbacterium spp. These data indicate that the coryneform bacteria isolated from bovine mammary glands are a heterogeneous group of organisms. Routine identification of C. bovis should include Gram-stain, cell morphology, catalase production, nitrate reduction, stimulated growth on 1% Tween 80 supplemented media, and beta-galactosidase production as the minimum requirements.
Assessing solar PV inverters' anti-islanding protection

This paper provides an overview of the islanding potential of solar photovoltaic (PV) inverters. Solar PV inverters are typically known to have very effective protection mechanisms, but concerns have been raised as to whether or not they could maintain an island if load and generation were closely matched and/or if there were additional sources of distributed generation on a circuit. Also provided are the test results of multiple solar PV inverters operating in parallel during a variety of islanding scenarios. Additional tests included evaluating German inverters to investigate whether or not advanced features (such as volt/VAR controls and low-voltage ride-through) and load matching can compromise the solar PV inverters' anti-islanding protection. The testing was performed in Southern California Edison's Distributed Energy Resources Laboratory in Westminster, California. The results detailed here provide information that can be used to develop national standards for advanced features on solar PV inverters. Residential U.S. inverters have a nominal voltage of 240 V line to line, and German inverters are 230 V line to neutral. The frequency of the German inverters was adjusted to 60 Hz to reflect American standard practices.
Detecting the orientation of short lines in the periphery.

PURPOSE Visual information processing in the human cortex is based on a highly ordered representation of the surrounding world. In addition to the retinotopic mapping of the visual field, systematic variations of the orientation tuning of neurons have been described in the primary visual cortex. As a step to understanding the relationship between position and orientation representation, we investigated psychophysically the minimum spatial requirements for the determination of orientation at various positions across the visual field. We know that the shortest line whose orientation can be resolved varies with eccentricity, such that its length corresponds to slightly less than 0.2 mm projected onto the cortical surface. Along the horizontal meridian horizontal lines are detected with higher precision than vertical or oblique lines. In the present experiments, we tested whether this is a preference for horizontal lines or for lines that are orientated radially away from the fovea. METHODS Human observers were tested with lines positioned at one vertical, two horizontal and two oblique meridians at eccentricities between 5 and 25 degrees. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Three of the four subjects were most sensitive for targets aligned with the meridian of presentation. This suggests that the visual system has the highest resolution in directions radiating from the fovea, which may be particularly useful for the analysis of flow fields resulting from forward translation.
Modèles thématiques pour la découverte non supervisée de points de vue sur le Web. (Topic Models for Unsupervised Discovery of Viewpoints on the Web)

Les plateformes en ligne telles que les blogs et les reseaux sociaux permettent aux internautes de s'exprimer sur des sujets d'une grande variete (produits commerciaux, politique, services, etc.). Cet important volume de donnees d'opinions peut etre explore et exploite grâce a des techniques de fouille de texte connues sous le nom de fouille d'opinions ou analyse de sentiments. Contrairement a la majorite des travaux actuels en fouille d'opinions, qui se focalisent sur les opinions simplement positives ou negatives (ou un intermediaire entre ces deux extremes), nous nous interessons dans cette these aux points de vue. La fouille de point de vue generalise l'opinion au dela de son acception usuelle liee a la polarite (positive ou negative) et permet l'etude d'opinions exprimees plus subtilement, telles que les opinions politiques. Nous proposons dans cette these des approches non supervisees - ne necessitant aucune annotation prealable - basees sur des modeles thematiques probabilistes afin de decouvrir simultanement les themes et les points de vue exprimes dans des corpus de textes d'opinion. Dans notre premiere contribution, nous avons explore l'idee de differencier mots d'opinions (specifiques a la fois a un point de vue et a un theme) et mots thematiques (dependants du theme mais neutres vis-a-vis des differents points de vue) en nous basant sur les parties de discours, inspiree par des pratiques similaires dans la litterature de fouille d'opinions classique - restreinte aux opinions positives et negatives. Notre seconde contribution se focalise quant a elle sur les points de vue exprimes sur les reseaux sociaux. Notre objectif est ici d'analyser dans quelle mesure l'utilisation des interactions entre utilisateurs, en outre de leur contenu textuel genere, est benefique a l'identification de leurs points de vue. Nos differentes contributions ont ete evaluees et comparees a l'etat de l'art sur des collections de documents reels.
Annual and seasonal variation of survival rates in the garden dormouse (Eliomys quercinus)

Annual local survival of the garden dormouse Elyomis quercinus, a small, hibernating rodent, was studied by Cormack‐Jolly‐Seber models. The survival rates differed significantly between the 4 years of the study; the average rate was 0.38 (95% confidence interval: 0.25‐0.52). Survival rates were not significantly different between sexes. Because all garden dormice were captured after weaning, pre-weaning survival could not be estimated. After weaning, the annual survival rates did not differ between age cohorts. In order to find out which phases within the annual cycle were more prone to mortality, survival was studied on a bimonthly scale as well. Survival during hibernation was estimated to be close to unity, while survival during the active phase of life in summer was considerably lower. The winter temperatures of the study years were similar to the long-year average; thus garden dormice were well adapted to these average conditions. Although hibernation is energetically challenging, it is not necessarily accompanied by increased mortality, as found in other studies focusing on survival during hibernation.
Informant‐Reports of Personality Disorder: Relation to Self‐Reports and Future Research Directions

Most instruments that assess personality disorder rely principally on self-report. However, there are major limitations to using self-report for the diagnosis of personality pathology. First, the self provides only one opinion. Second, like everyone else, people with personality disorders are frequently unable to view themselves realistically and are unaware of the effect of their behavior on other people. Using informant data, therefore, may improve the reliability and validity of diagnostic assessment. A review of the literature reveals that agreement between informant- and self-reports of personality disorder is modest at best, even though informants tend to agree with each other. Self-informant concordance appears to be higher for older subjects and for Cluster B traits (excluding narcissism). Further research should focus on methods of resolving discrepancies between self- and informant-reports of personality disorder and determining when self or informant data are more valid.