Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of Value-Added Products in Aquaculture

Aquaculture is becoming increasingly important in satisfying consumer demands for good quality seafood. It has maintained a steady, positive growth over the years when compared to marine fisheries and is supplying the nutritional needs for both developed and developing countries. While aquaculture has supplied fresh fish and shellfish to global markets, there is an increasing opportunity for expanding value-added products. There are several advantages to value-added processing, including creating safer products, preserving high quality characteristics, extending shelf-life and enhancing economic return to the producer/processor. Value-added products can come in several forms including traditional processed products; market-driven products that have a steady or increasing demand; health-driven seafood, which is becoming an increasingly important niche, values-driven product that is focused more on environmental concerns and social issues, and technology-driven seafood products which often adds safety as well as quality characteristics to products. These different opportunities for aquaculture will be discussed in detail. Value-added processing will play an important role in the growing aquaculture sector to help meet demands of the consumer for safe, wholesome, high-quality seafood products.
Fórmulas enterais no mercado brasileiro: classificação e descrição da composição nutricional

Introducao: No mercado brasileiro estao disponiveis inumeras formulacoes de dietas enterais, com diferentes formas de apresentacoes e indicacoes. Objetivo: descrever as caracteristicas basicas das formulacoes enterais disponiveis no mercado brasileiro. Material e Metodos: Foi realizado o tabulamento de informacoes contidas nos catalogos dos diferentes laboratorios farmaceuticos. De acordo com as suas caracteristicas, os produtos foram classificadas em formulas padrao com ou sem fibras e formulas modificadas, especificas para pacientes diabeticos, para aqueles com insuficiencia renal, hepatica ou respiratoria, alem de formulas semi-hidrolisadas e imunomoduladoras. Resultados e discussao: Estao disponiveis no mercado brasileiro 80 formulas enterais comercializadas por 6 diferentes laboratorios. As dietas tem apresentacoes em po ou liquida em pack (embalagem hermeticamente fechada com 6 camadas protetoras, garantindo as condicoes estereis do produto) com relativa uniformidade na distribuicao de macronutrientes e grande variacao na composicao de micronutrientes. Foram encontradas 42 formulas padrao, sendo 25 sem fibras e 17 com fibras. Dentre as formulas modificadas, foram identificadas 7 especificas para pacientes diabeticos, 6 para insuficiencia renal, 9 semi-hidrolisadas, 8 formulas contendo imunonutrientes, 4 produtos especificos para insuficiencia pulmonar e 4 para insuficiencia hepatica. Conclusao: O mercado brasileiro tem uma grande variedade de formulas enterais padrao e modificadas. A avaliacao da composicao das formulas enterais disponiveis no mercado nacional permite uma melhor selecao pelo profissional para cada situacao clinica.
CALCULATING LEAF BOUNDARY LAYER PARAMETERS WITH THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL MODEL 2DLEAF COMPARING TRANSPIRATION RATES OF NORMAL (CV. DESIREE) AND TRANSGENIC (SUCROSE TRANSPORT ANTISENSE) POTATO PLANTS

The leaf boundary layer, i. e. the layer of air adjacent to a leaf surface in which gas flow is significantly influenced by the leaf, considerably affects leaf gas exchange. Numerous factors, both external conditions and leaf properties, have a strong influence on boundary layer characteristics and the challenge to develop a reliable model of this link in the leaf gas exchange pathway has persisted for decades. Two parameters, the boundary layer thickness, d, and the ratio, B, of the diffusion coefficients of gases in the boundary layer and in the intercellular space, were shown to be sufficient to represent the effect of the boundary layer in a two-dimensional leaf gas exchange model 2DLEAF. An algorithm for calculation of these parameters is described and applied to simulate the transpiration rate of leaves in normal (cv. Desiree) and transgenic (expressing a mRNA antisense construct targeted to the cp-fructose-6-bisphosphate phosphatase) potato plants (Solanum tuberosum). For these leaves, both gas exchange and leaf anatomy have been studied. Parameters d and B were different for normal and transgenic leaves, and they expressed real differences in anatomy and surface properties.
Theory and ion chemistry

Chapter 1. Theory (reactions). Chapter 2. Theory (energies and potential energy surfaces. Chapter 3. Instrumentation. Chapter 4. Ion spectroscopy. Chapter 5. Thermochemistry (methods). Chapter 6. Collisional activation and dissociation. Chapter 7. Mobilities. Chapter 8. Neutralization, charge reversal. Chapter 9. Organic ion chemistry (positive). Chapter 10. Organic ion chemistry (negative). Chapter 11. Solvation and clusters. Chapter 12. Inorganic chemistry. Chapter 13. Biopolymers.
Performance of growing rabbits fed graded levels of sugarcane peel diets

Twenty five growing rabbits of mixed breeds and average weight of 894g were used in a seven week feeding trial. Five experimental diets were formulated in which sugarcane peels (SCP) was included at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% levels to replace maize offal. The rabbits were balanced for weight and allotted to the treatments (n=5 rabbits/treatment) in a completely randomized design. Water was supplied ad libitum. Results obtained showed that final live weight was not significantly affected by sugarcane peel level. Feed intake decreased as the level of sugarcane peels increased in the diets. Dry matter intake per body weight or metabolic weight was similar for all the sugarcane peel levels. At 30% inclusion, sugarcane peels gave weight gain that was comparable to the control, 10% and 20% SCP. Weight gain decreased (P<0.05) on 40% diets compared to 10% SCP. There was no significant effect of sugarcane peels on metabolic body weight and feed efficiency. The trend showed that the cost of feed per kilogram live weight gain was linearly reduced as the level of sugarcane peel increased. Percent savings of 29.67 to 46.30 was obtained with sugarcane peel inclusion in the diet. Inclusion of sugarcane peels at 30% level improved (P<0.05) thigh and head percentage, while the meat composition (crude protein, ether extract, moisture and ash) were not significantly affected by the inclusion level. Based on savings per kilogram gain of ₦125.9 (33.06%) with comparable weight gain on 30% SCP diet compared with the control, it was concluded that sugarcane peels inclusion at 30% of the diet was adequate for growing rabbits without compromising performance, carcass characteristics and composition. Keywords : Performance, sugarcane peels, carcass characteristics, meat composition, rabbits
The prebiotic fiber inulin ameliorates cardiac, adipose tissue, and hepatic pathology but exacerbates hypertriglyceridemia in rats with metabolic syndrome.

Prebiotics ameliorate dysbiosis and influence metabolism and the immune system, but their effects on cardiovascular complications in metabolic disorders remain largely unknown. We here investigated the effects of the soluble fiber inulin on cardiac, adipose tissue, and hepatic pathology as well as on metabolic disorders in DahlS.Z-Leprfa/Leprfa (DS/obese) rats, an animal model of metabolic syndrome (MetS). DS/obese rats and their homozygous lean (DahlS.Z-Lepr+/Lepr+, or DS/lean) littermate controls were fed a purified diet containing 5% or 20% inulin from 9 to 13 weeks of age. The high-fiber diet ameliorated hypertension, left ventricular inflammation, fibrosis, and diastolic dysfunction, attenuated adipose tissue inflammation and fibrosis as well as alleviated the elevation of interleukin-6 levels, without affecting insulin resistance, in DS/obese rats. In addition, high fiber intake ameliorated lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis, attenuated the reduction in AMPK activity and the up-regulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c gene expression, and further increased the expression of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein gene, in the liver of DS/obese rats. It also mitigated increases in total and non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels but increased the triglyceride concentration in serum in these rats. None of these parameters was affected by high dietary fiber in DS/lean rats. The proportion of regulatory T cells in adipose tissue was influenced by dietary fiber but not by genotype. Our results indicate that inulin exacerbates hypertriglyceridemia but alleviates hypertension and cardiac injury as well as adipose tissue and hepatic pathology in MetS rats.
Workforce Skills and Innovation: An Overview of Major Themes in the Literature. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 55.

This paper provides an account of the main approaches, debates and evidence in the literature on the role of workforce skills in the innovation process in developed economies. It draws on multiple sources including the innovation studies discipline, neoclassical Human Capital theory, institutionalist labour market studies and the work organisation discipline. Extensive use is also made of official survey data to describe and quantify the diversity of skills and occupations involved in specific types of innovation activities.
High-dose daptomycin in documented infections

Daptomycin is approved at a dose of 4-6mg/kg/day for the treatment of complicated skin and soft-tissue infection and bloodstream infection. Clinical experience with doses >6mg/kg/day is limited, but data reported to date suggest that daptomycin can be safe and effective at higher doses. We describe our experience with daptomycin at doses >6mg/kg/day and ≤6mg/kg/day for infections. A retrospective chart review of all patients treated with daptomycin from January 2008 to 28 February 2010 was performed. During the study period, 53 patients received daptomycin, including 22 patients receiving daptomycin at a standard dose (SD) (mean 5mg/kg/day, range 4-6mg/kg/day) and 31 patients receiving a higher dose (HD) (mean 8mg/kg/day, range 7-9mg/kg). The median treatment duration was 13.5 days and 19 days for the SD and HD groups, respectively. Clinical success was observed in 16/22 patients (73%) in the SD group and 29/31 patients (94%) in the HD group (=0.05). Microbiological success was observed in 13/19 patients (68%) and 27/29 patients (93%) in the SD and HD groups, respectively (<0.05). Of the 53 patients, 2/22 treated with SD daptomycin and 3/31 treated with HD daptomycin experienced a grade 1 adverse event while receiving therapy (i.e. anaemia, diarrhoea, nausea, hypokalaemia and arthralgia) but did not require discontinuation of daptomycin treatment. These results suggest that daptomycin may be used at doses higher than 6mg/kg/day without toxicity and possibly with better outcome than conventional doses. We recommend further randomised controlled prospective studies with higher doses of daptomycin.
Heart Failure Caregiver Self-Care: A Latent Class Analysis

Little is known about heart failure (HF) caregiver self-care. This article reports a secondary analysis of data from a cross-sectional, descriptive study involving 530 HF caregivers. A three-step latent class mixture model identified HF caregiver classes at risk for poor self-care and examined the relationship between the identified self-care classes and caregiver burden and depression. Caregivers completed online surveys on self-care, caregiver burden, depression, problem-solving, social support, and family function. Caregivers were 41.39 (±10.38) years old, 78.3% Caucasian, and 50.9% men. Three classes of HF caregivers (24% Low-Risk, 24.9% Moderate-Risk, 51.1% High-Risk) were identified. High-Risk caregivers had the worst self-care and the lowest levels of social support, problem-solving, and family function. Moderate-Risk caregivers were the most experienced and had the best self-care yet had the most comorbidities. High-Risk caregivers reported more caregiver burden and depression. “At-risk” caregivers may benefit from self-care and support programs, but more research is needed.
An Unconventional Melanin Biosynthesis Pathway in Ustilago maydis

The fungus Ustilago maydis represents one of the major threats to maize plants since it is responsible for corn smut disease, which generates considerable economical losses around the world. Therefore, contributing to a better understanding of the biochemistry of defense mechanisms used by U. maydis to protect itself against harsh environments, such as the synthesis of melanin, could provide improved biological tools for tackling the problem and protect the crops. ABSTRACT Ustilago maydis is a phytopathogenic fungus responsible for corn smut disease. Although it is a very well-established model organism for the study of plant-microbe interactions, its potential to produce specialized metabolites, which might contribute to this interaction, has not been studied in detail. By analyzing the U. maydis genome, we identified a biosynthetic gene cluster whose activation led to the production of a black melanin pigment. Single deletion mutants of the cluster genes revealed that five encoded enzymes are required for the accumulation of the black pigment, including three polyketide synthases (pks3, pks4, and pks5), a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (cyp4), and a protein with similarity to versicolorin B synthase (vbs1). Metabolic profiles of deletion mutants in this gene cluster suggested that Pks3 and Pks4 act in concert as heterodimers to generate orsellinic acid (OA), which is reduced to the corresponding aldehyde by Pks5. The OA-aldehyde can then react with triacetic acid lactone (TAL), also derived from Pks3/Pks4 heterodimers to form larger molecules, including novel coumarin derivatives. Our findings suggest that U. maydis synthesizes a novel type of melanin based on coumarin and pyran-2-one intermediates, while most fungal melanins are derived from 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) or l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA). Along with these observations, this work also provides insight into the mechanisms of polyketide synthases in this filamentous fungus. IMPORTANCE The fungus Ustilago maydis represents one of the major threats to maize plants since it is responsible for corn smut disease, which generates considerable economical losses around the world. Therefore, contributing to a better understanding of the biochemistry of defense mechanisms used by U. maydis to protect itself against harsh environments, such as the synthesis of melanin, could provide improved biological tools for tackling the problem and protect the crops. In addition, the fact that this fungus synthesizes melanin in an unconventional way, requiring more than one polyketide synthase for producing melanin precursors, gives a different perspective on the complexity of these multidomain enzymes and their evolution in the fungal kingdom.
Matrix Metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9, Their Inhibitors TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and sVEGFR-2 as Predictive Markers of Ischemic Retinopathy in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis—Case Series Report

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune connective tissue disorder associated with multiple organ involvement. The aim of the study was to present two SSc patients who were diagnosed with ischemic retinopathy in both eyes. As a background to our case study, we decided to investigate the imbalance of angiogenesis factors in 25 SSc patients in relation to 25 healthy controls. Assays of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 (MMP-2, MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) and -2 (TIMP-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and soluble VEGF receptor-2 (sVEGFR-2) in blood serum and tears were performed. A significantly increased levels of MMP-9 in serum and tears, (p = 0.0375 and p < 0.001, respectively) as well as VEGF/sVEGFR-2 ratio in tears (p < 0.001) were found in the whole SSc patients group compared with controls, while reduced levels of these parameters in patients with ischemic sclerodermic retinopathy were noted. We also observed decreased level MMP-2 in tears and increased levels of TIMP-2 in blood serum and tears of SSc patients with retinal ischemic changes. MMP-9, MMP-2, TIMP-2, and VEGF/sVEGFR-2 may play a crucial role in ischemic retinal degeneration or retinal reorganization in SSc.
Scent and chemistry : the molecular world of odors

1. Historical Aspects 2. The Chemical Senses 3. Structure-Odor Relationships 4. Odorants from Natural Resources 5. Odorants from Petrochemical Sources 6. Ionones, Damascones, and Iso E Super 7. Essential Oils 8. Odorants of Animal Origin Perfume Index Subject Index
Clonal tracking of haematopoietic cells: insights and clinical implications

Recent advances in high‐throughput genomics have enabled the direct tracking of outputs from many cell types, greatly accelerating the study of developmental processes and tissue regeneration. The capacity for long‐term self‐renewal with multilineage differentiation potential characterises the cellular dynamics of a special set of developmental states that are critical for maintaining homeostasis. In haematopoiesis, the archetypal model for development, lineage‐tracing experiments have elucidated the roles of haematopoietic stem cells to ongoing blood production and the importance of long‐lived immune cells to immunological memory. An understanding of the biology and clonal dynamics of these cellular fates and states can provide clues to the response of haematopoiesis to ageing, the process of malignant transformation, and are key to designing more efficacious and durable clinical gene and cellular therapies.
Outbreak of Anthrax Associated with Handling and Eating Meat from a Cow, Uganda, 2018

On April 20, 2018, the Kween District Health Office in Kween District, Uganda reported 7 suspected cases of human anthrax. A team from the Uganda Ministry of Health and partners investigated and identified 49 cases, 3 confirmed and 46 suspected; no deaths were reported. Multiple exposures from handling the carcass of a cow that had died suddenly were significantly associated with cutaneous anthrax, whereas eating meat from that cow was associated with gastrointestinal anthrax. Eating undercooked meat was significantly associated with gastrointestinal anthrax, but boiling the meat for >60 minutes was protective. We recommended providing postexposure antimicrobial prophylaxis for all exposed persons, vaccinating healthy livestock in the area, educating farmers to safely dispose of animal carcasses, and avoiding handling or eating meat from livestock that died of unknown causes.
Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Other Anaplasma spp. in Various Hosts in the Mnisi Community, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa

DNA samples from 74 patients with non-malarial acute febrile illness (AFI), 282 rodents, 100 cattle, 56 dogs and 160 Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks were screened for the presence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum DNA using a quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay targeting the msp2 gene. The test detected both A. phagocytophilum and Anaplasma sp. SA/ZAM dog DNA. Microbiome sequencing confirmed the presence of low levels of A. phagocytophilum DNA in the blood of rodents, dogs and cattle, while high levels of A. platys and Anaplasma sp. SA/ZAM dog were detected in dogs. Directed sequencing of the 16S rRNA and gltA genes in selected samples revealed the presence of A. phagocytophilum DNA in humans, dogs and rodents and highlighted its importance as a possible contributing cause of AFI in South Africa. A number of recently described Anaplasma species and A. platys were also detected in the study. Phylogenetic analyses grouped Anaplasma sp. SA/ZAM dog into a distinct clade, with sufficient divergence from other Anaplasma species to warrant classification as a separate species. Until appropriate type-material can be deposited and the species is formally described, we will refer to this novel organism as Anaplasma sp. SA dog.
Identification of grade-related genes and construction of a robust genomic-clinicopathologic nomogram for predicting recurrence of bladder cancer

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Abstract Background: Bladder cancer (BC) is a common tumor in the urinary system with a high recurrence rate. The individualized treatment and follow-up after surgery is the key to a successful outcome. Currently, the surveillance strategies are mainly depending on tumor stage and grade. Previous evidence has proved that tumor grade was a significant and independent risk factor of BC recurrence. Exploring the grade-related genes may provide us a new approach to predict prognosis and guide the post-operative treatment in BC patients. Methods: In this study, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis was applied to identify the hub gene module correlated with BC grade using GSE71576. After constructing a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network with the hub genes inside the hub gene module, we identified some potential core genes. TCGA and another independent dataset were used for further validation. Results: The results revealed that the expression of AURKA, CCNA2, CCNB1, KIF11, TTK, BUB1B, BUB1, and CDK1 were significantly higher in high-grade BC, showing a strong ability to distinguish BC grade. The expression levels of the 8 genes in normal, paracancerous, tumorous, and recurrent bladder tissues were progressively increased. By conducting survival analysis, we proved their prognostic value in predicting the recurrence of BC. Eventually, we constructed a prognostic nomogram by combining the 8-core-gene panel with clinicopathologic features, which had shown great performance in predicting the recurrence of BC. Conclusion: We identified 8 core genes that revealed a significant correlation with the tumor grade as well as the recurrence of BC. Finally, we proved the value of a novel prognostic nomogram for predicting the relapse-free survival of BC patients after surgery, which could guide their treatment and follow-up.
Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza (H5N2) Viruses, Dominican Republic

Low pathogenicity avian influenza (H5N2) virus was detected in poultry in the Dominican Republic in 2007 and re-emerged in 2017. Whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis show introduction of an H5N2 virus lineage from Mexico into poultry in the Dominican Republic, then divergence into 3 distinct genetic subgroups during 2007–2019.