Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Following Traumatic Brain Injury in Children

Methods: We investigated changes in inattentive and hyperactive symptoms over 2 years following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in relation to preinjury attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), injury, and socioeconomic status (SES) variables. Postinjury stimulant medication treatment was also documented. Of 175 consecutive patients of ages 5 to15 years with acute TBI, 148 consented, including 114 without preinjury ADHD (mean age, 10.0 years, SD = 2.76) and 34 with preinjury ADHD (mean age 10.36 years, SD = 2.75). The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children, Present and Lifetime Version, was administered at baseline and at 6, 12, and 24 months post-injury to assess the presence of nine core inattentive and nine hyperactive symptoms and associated impairment. The baseline assessment was performed within 1 month post-injury to establish preinjury diagnosis. Results: Nonlinear change in inattentive symptoms in patients without preinjury ADHD contrasted with higher and more stable symptom levels in children with preinjury diagnosis, including the cubic trend (&khgr;21 = 6.23, p = .0126). There was also a significant interaction of group x gender effect (&khgr;21 = 4.08, p = .0435) as males had higher numbers of inattentive symptoms than females in the preinjury ADHD group. Change in hyperactive symptoms over time also differed by group, including both linear (&khgr;21 = 5.42, p = .0199) and cubic trends (&khgr;21 = 8.91, p = .0029), reflecting greater and more frequent fluctuations in children without preinjury ADHD. Socioeconomic level also contributed to change in hyperactive symptoms as reflected by the interaction of SES and linear time (&khgr;21 = 6.91, p = .009), as well as quadratic time (&khgr;21 = 4.90, p = .027). Occurrence of ADHD diagnosed post-injury ranged from 14.5% (12 months) to 18.3% (24 months) in the group without preinjury ADHD compared with a range from 86.4% (12 months) to 96.2% (6 months) in children with preinjury ADHD. In children without preinjury ADHD, SES was the only patient variable that predicted onset of ADHD, t(110) = −2.85, p = . 0052. Treatment with stimulant medication post-injury was more frequently associated with preinjury ADHD (39% vs 7% of children without preinjury ADHD), p< . 0001 (Fisher exact test). Children with preinjury ADHD who were treated pre-injury with stimulant medication had fewer total symptoms at 24 months post-injury relative to untreated patients with preinjury ADHD (F[1,14] = 3.93, p = 0.069, Cohen’s d = 1.28). Conclusion: Change in ADHD symptoms after TBI varies with preinjury diagnosis, reflects injury severity in children without preinjury ADHD, and is treated with stimulant medication mainly in those patients with preinjury ADHD.
Women, Leadership, and Education as Change

Abstract Answering the call for research that seeks to bridge theory and practice for the advancement of social justice, this chapter presents a creative collaboration between a social equity scholar and an active serviceman in the Canadian Army. Within a theoretical framework of leadership for social justice, we will draw on the literature as it specifically relates to women leaders and the potential of a learning leadership to bring about a paradigmatic shift in power and politics. Particularly attentive to the challenges for women leaders in male-dominated fields, this chapter will present Golda Meir as an exemplar.
A new technique for face image resolution enhancement based on face hallucination

Hallucinate face is an image resolution enhancement algorithm from low-resolution input image to high-resolution based on training example and feature extraction, which high-resolution render image was achieved with the correlative information of training examples. It is important in practice on how to select the sample features and the parameters of recovering algorithm in order to obtain a high quality enhancement. In this paper we propose a new technique to select the feature pyramid of image using pixel down-sampling operator with overlap 3times3-neighbor. Furthermore, the parameters in the recovering algorithm are via solving a combination optimization problem in terms of least squares. The experimental results show that we can get the better vision image with lower RMS errors by using the proposed algorithm.
A Model of Human Knee Ligaments in the Sagittal Plane: Part 1: Response to Passive Flexion

The development of a mathematical model of the knee ligaments in the sagittal plane is presented. Essential features of the model are (a) the representation of selected cruciate ligament fibres as isometric links in a kinematic mechanism that controls passive knee flexion and (b) the mapping of all other ligament fibres between attachments on the tibia and femur. Fibres slacken and tighten as the ligament attachment areas on the bones move relative to each other. The model is used to study the shape and fibre length changes of the cruciate and collateral ligaments in response to passive flexion/extension of the knee. The model ligament shape and fibre length changes compare well qualitatively with experimental results reported in the literature. The results suggest that when designing and implanting a ligament replacement with the aim of reproducing the natural fibre strain patterns, the surgeon must not only implant through the natural attachment areas but must also maintain the natural fibre mapping and render all fibres just tight at the appropriate flexion angle.
Kinetics of Lethal Adsorption of Colicin E2 by Escherichia coli

The kinetics of lethal adsorption of colicin E2 by Escherichia coli C6 were studied by means of survivor plots. These were determined by a method which allowed rapid sampling of the reaction mixture and estimation of approximate confidence limits for the plotted data. The results were consistent with the predictions of a hypothetical model that assumed a single-hit mechanism of colicin action upon a bacterial population whose cells varied in their number of specific (lethal) receptors for colicin. The possibility of nonlethal adsorption is discussed.
Designing of CHK1 Inhibitors by 3d-QSAR, Virtual Screening and Induced Fit Docking Studies

Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) is an attractive therapeutic target for cancer treatment as CHK1 is a key mediator in the DNA damage-induced checkpoint network. The structure-based drug design approach was used to achieve this objective which includes the 3D-QSAR studies, where a series of selenophene derivatives to investigate the structural requirements of their inhibitory activity against CHK1 was used for the development of the model. The generated model was precise with r 2 = 0.95 and q 2 = 0.68. Furthermore, the study involves the use of structure-based virtual screening of specs database and induced fit docking docking studies to retrieve potential CHK1 inhibitors.
Mechanical Ventilation Effect on Surfactant Content, Function, and Lung Compliance in the Newborn Rat

Studies of ventilator-associated lung injury in adult experimental animal models have documented that high tidal volume (TV) results in lung injury characterized by impaired compliance and dysfunctional surfactant. Yet, there is evidence that, in neonates, ventilation with a higher than physiologic TV leads to improved lung compliance. The purpose of our study was to evaluate how lung compliance and surfactant was altered by high TV ventilation in the neonate. We utilized a new model (mechanically air-ventilated newborn rats, 4–8 d old), and used 40 or 10 mL/kg TV strategies. Age-matched nonventilated animals served as controls. In all animals, dynamic compliance progressively increased after initiation of mechanical ventilation and was significantly greater than basal values after 60 min (p < 0.01). Lung lavage total surfactant with both TV strategies (p < 0.05) and the large aggregate fraction (only in TV = 40 mL/kg; p < 0.01) were significantly increased by 60 min of mechanical ventilation, compared with control animals. Ventilation with 40 mL/kg TV for 60 min adversely affected the lung surfactant surface-tension lowering properties (p < 0.01). After 180 min of ventilation with 40 mL/kg TV, the lung total surfactant content and dynamic compliance values were no longer distinct from the nonventilated animals' values. We conclude that, in the newborn rat, mechanical ventilation with a higher than physiologic TV increases alveolar surfactant content and, over time, alters its biophysical properties, thus promoting an initial but transient improvement in lung compliance.
Effect of changing afterload and inotropic states on inner and outer ventricular wall thickening.

Effect of changing afterload and inotropic states on inner and outer ventricular wall thickening. Am. J. Physiol. 263 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 32): H109-H116, 1992. --To study the differing behaviors of the inner (IH) and outer halves (OH) of the left ventricular (LV) free wall during an increasing afterload and changing inotropic states, we determined the LV pressure (LVP) and transmural (TM) and OH wall thickness (WTTM and WTOH) by sonomicrometry in 11 anesthetized dogs. The percent systolic wall thickening (% delta WT) and the fractional contribution (FC) were calculated. At rest, % delta WT of TM, IH, and OH were 22 +/- 1 (mean +/- SE), 33 +/- 3, and 13 +/- 2 (P less than 0.01 vs. IH), respectively. The FC of IH and OH were 74 +/- 5 and 29 +/- 4% (P less than 0.01 vs. IH), respectively. During increasing afterload by aortic constriction (AC) without drugs, % delta WT in IH was reduced to 22 +/- 2%, associated with unchanged % delta WT in OH (12 +/- 3%), whereas the FC of IH and OH were not altered from resting values. During AC with dobutamine infusion (3 micrograms.kg-1.min-1), the % delta WT and FC in each layer were not reduced from resting values. On the other hand, during AC with propranolol (2 mg bolus iv), the reduction of % delta WT in IH was greater (from 29 +/- 4 to 15 +/- 6%, P less than 0.01) than that in OH (from 11 +/- 2 to 10 +/- 3%; P less than 0.01 vs. IH). The FC in the IH was decreased (56 +/- 16%) by AC with propranolol, so that the difference in FC between IH and OH became insignificant (FCOH 40 +/- 13%, P greater than 0.1 vs. FCIH). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Development of a New Stop'n’go Reactive-Agility Test

Abstract Sekulic, D, Krolo, A, Spasic, M, Uljevic, O, and Peric, M. The development of a new stop'n'go reactive-agility test. J Strength Cond Res 28(11): 3306–3312, 2014—The main objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability and the validity of a newly constructed reactive-agility test that can be used to define the reactive-agility performance in sports that employ repeated scenarios of “stop'n'go” agility. Measuring is done by original hardware based on the ATMEL microcontroller AT89C51RE2. A total of 36 college-aged male athletes (age, 22.1 ± 2.4 years; body height, 182.45 ± 5.19 cm; body mass, 80.67 ± 7.69 kg) and 21 college-aged female athletes (age, 21.4 ± 2.5 years; body height, 171.45 ± 6.81 cm; body mass, 61.95 ± 6.70 kg) were evaluated for a stop'n'go reactive-agility test (SNG-RAT), stop'n'go change of direction speed (SNG-CODS), countermovement jump, and anthropometrics. The reliability analyses suggested a high consistency for the applied tests (SNG-CODS, intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.87 and 0.92; SNG-RAT, ICC = 0.81 and 0.86, for men and women, respectively). The SNG-RAT and SNG-CODS shared <40% of the common variance. The longer version of the SNG-RAT, which included 5 unpredictable changes of direction, was found to be valid among men. At the same time, the shorter version of the SNG-RAT (3 unpredictable changes of direction) is suggested for women because it better discriminates more agile from less agile athletes. Because the SNG-RAT and SNG-CODS were performed on the same course, we believe that simultaneously performing both tests can be beneficial when defining “stop'n'go” agility. This implies that the calculated SNG-CODS to SNG-RAT ratio will allow strength and conditioning coaches to indirectly determine the perceptual and reaction capacities of their athletes.
Genetic, physiological, and lifestyle predictors of mortality in the general population.

OBJECTIVES We investigated the quality of 162 variables, focusing on the contribution of genetic markers, used solely or in combination with other characteristics, when predicting mortality. METHODS In 5974 participants from the Rotterdam Study, followed for a median of 15.1 years, 7 groups of factors including age and gender, genetics, socioeconomics, lifestyle, physiological characteristics, prevalent diseases, and indicators of general health were related to all-cause mortality. Genetic variables were identified from 8 genome-wide association scans (n = 19,033) and literature review. RESULTS We observed 3174 deaths during follow-up. The fully adjusted model (C-statistic for 15-year follow-up [C15y] = 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.79, 0.81) predicted mortality well [corrected]. Most of the additional information apart from age and sex stemmed from physiological markers, prevalent diseases, and general health. Socioeconomic factors and lifestyle contributed meaningfully to mortality risk prediction with longer prediction horizon. Although specific genetic factors were independently associated with mortality, jointly they contributed little to mortality prediction (C(15y) = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.55, 0.57). CONCLUSIONS Mortality can be predicted reasonably well over a long period. Genetic factors independently predict mortality, but only modestly more than other risk indicators.
Managing service employees: literature review, expert opinions, and research directions

ABSTRACT This article reviews the service management and marketing literature on managing people with a particular emphasis on managerial relevance. This review explores the market and financial results of managing people effectively, emphasizing that it is probably harder to duplicate high-performing human assets than any other corporate resource. The challenges inherent in boundary-spanning frontline jobs are discussed, including role conflict and emotional labor. Next, recommended human resources (HR) strategies and practices related to recruitment, training, empowerment, service delivery teams, and employee motivation are reviewed. The literature review concludes with a section on service culture, climate, and leadership. Each section is complemented with further research suggestions that emerged from interviews with eight academic and practitioner experts. The last section outlines six themes for new research opportunities with high potential managerial relevance; they relate to (1) the financial impact of HR practices and strategies, (2) motivating service employees, (3) training, (4) emotional labor, (5) dealing with rude customers, and (6) the impact of technology on managing service employees.
Open lung biopsies in congenital heart disease for evaluation of pulmonary vascular disease. Predictive value with regard to corrective operability

For evaluation of pulmonary vascular disease 140 open lung biopsies were performed in 137 patients with congenital heart disease in order to decide whether the state of the lung vessels would allow corrective surgery. As far as possible follow‐up was obtained in patients who underwent a cardiac repair. From the study of these biopsy specimens it appeared that medial hypertrophy of pulmonary arteries and changes in pulmonary veins should not be considered an impediment for a corrective operation as long as more advanced changes are absent. The same is true for intimal thickening due to longitudinal smooth muscle, post‐thrombotic changes or cellular proliferation. Concentric‐laminar intimal fibrosis forms no contra‐indication as long as it is mild but, if severe, it is likely that hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease will progress in spite of cardiac repair. In the presence of fibrinoid necrosis or plexiform lesions correction of a cardiac anomaly should not be attempted. The presence of dilatation lesions is more disputable but probably, as long as they are scarce and not accompanied by fibrinoid necrosis or plexiform lesions, corrective surgery may be attempted. This becomes very dubious when they are more numerous.
High-Bandwidth Graded-Index Plastic Optical Fiber by the Dopant Diffusion Coextrusion Process

Today, the number of services, which includes large information contents like high-definition movies, is rapidly increasing. The graded-index plastic optical fiber (GI-POF) has been proposed as a solution. The conventional fabrication method of GI-POF, however, is unsuitable for mass production. Therefore, we propose the dopant diffusion coextrusion process for fabricating high-bandwidth GI-POF. It has been generally thought that formation mechanism of refractive-index distribution in optical polymer materials by this process would be a Fick's diffusion with constant diffusion coefficient and, therefore, has a tailing part at the core-cladding boundary. Contrary to predictions, we succeed in fabricating GI-POF with an almost optimum-index distribution. It is made evident by experiments and simulation that the formation mechanism of GI-POF by this process is a Fick's diffusion with diffusion coefficient dependent on dopant concentration. These results indicate high possibility of fabrication of high-bandwidth fibers of a polymethyl methacrylate-diphenyl sulfide system by the dopant diffusion coextrusion process.
Synchronization of economic activity between dollarized economies and the United States: the cases of Ecuador and El Salvador

We evaluate a possible consequence of dollarization: the synchronization of economic activity. The analysis considers the cases of Ecuador and El Salvador; both adopted the US dollar. The results of common cycles and cointegration tests suggest the existence of a common trend and a common cycle between the GDPs of Ecuador and the US after dollarization. For the case of El Salvador, a common trend was identified after dollarization but not before; no common cycles are evident in either period. We conclude that dollarization is associated with increased economic integration between the adopting countries and the US; as suggested by economic theory.
Evidence for NMDA receptor involvement in environmentally induced dentate gyrus plasticity

Research has demonstrated environmentally induced plasticity of hippocampal dentate gyrusevoked potentials. Other research has shown a role of the NMDA receptor in dentate gyrus long‐term potentiation (LTP). The authors tested the role of the NMDA receptor in one form of environmentally induced plasticity, in which transferring animals from their home cages to another environment results in significant excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) enhancement and concomitant depression of the population spike. Rats were chronically implanted with stimulating electrodes in the perforant path and recording electrodes in the dentate gyrus bilaterally. Evoked potentials were recorded from freely behaving rats for four 20‐minute sessions (1/wk), which took place immediately following an environmental transfer. Rats received 0.00, 0.05, 0.08, or 0.10 mg/kg MK‐801 s. c. 30 minutes prior to recording sessions in either an ascending‐ or descending‐dose series. Results showed that MK‐801 produced a reduction of the EPSP enhancement, which takes place over the 20‐minute session. The effects of MK‐801 on spike depression varied as a function of dose series and time within a session, suggesting a long‐term effect of MK‐801 on spike depression. There was no detected effect of MK‐801 on behavior. Results suggest a role of the NMDA receptor in this form of environmentally induced plasticity with different effects of NMDA receptor antagonism on EPSP enhancement and spike depression.
Montelukast decreased exhaled nitric oxide in children with perennial allergic rhinitis

Background: Measurement of exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) is a simple and noninvasive method for assessment of inflammatory airway diseases. eNO is elevated in adolescent patients with perennial allergic rhinitis and related to bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The aim of this study was to investigate whether oral loratadine, montelukast, nasal budesonide or nasal sodium cromoglycate could reduce airway inflammation as indicated by decrease of eNO in children with perennial allergic rhinitis as demonstrated by eNO levels.
Soil Organic Matter Stability as Affected by Land Management in Steppe Ecosystems

Soil organic matter (SOM) is most reactive and powerful factor in the formation of soil and in its fertility. Formation of soil and accumulation of organic matter are a function of interac‐ tions between biological factors and parent rocks under certain hydrothermal conditions and are one of the sections of a continuous chain of the trophic bounds between different life forms, serving as a first and a last section at the same time. The later is because SOM contain the main nitrogen stock, nearly the half of phosphorus, significant part of sulphur and other macroand micronutrients for sustaining life and productivity of plants. Although soil or‐ ganic matter comprise only five percent of total soil structure it has been a major research topic throughout the history of soil science, which is generally regarded to have been ongo‐ ing for approximately a century [1, 2].
Generalized Synchronization of MEG Recordings in Alzheimer’s Disease: Evidence for Involvement of the Gamma Band

Summary The purpose of this study was to investigate interdependencies in whole-head magnetoencephalography (MEG) of Alzheimer patients and healthy control subjects. Magnetoencephalograms were recorded in 20 Alzheimer patients (11 men; mean age, 69.0 years [standard deviation, 8.2 years]); Mini-Mental State Examination score, 21.3 points; range, 15 to 27 points) and 20 healthy control subjects (9 men; mean age, 66.4 years [standard deviation, 9.0 years]) during a no-task eyes-closed condition with a 151 channel whole-head MEG system. Synchronization likelihood (a new measure for linear as well as nonlinear interdependencies between signals) and coherence were computed for each channel in different frequency bands (2 to 6, 6 to 10, 10 to 14, 14 to 18, 18 to 22, 22 to 40 Hz). Synchronization was lower in Alzheimer patients in the upper &agr; band (10 to 14 Hz), the upper &bgr; band (18 to 22 Hz), and the &ggr; band (22 to 40 Hz). In contrast, coherence did not show significant group differences at the p<0.05 level. The synchronization likelihood showed a spatial pattern (high synchronization central, parietal and right frontal; low synchronization, occipital and temporal). This study confirms a widespread loss of functional interactions in the &agr; and &bgr; bands, and provides the first evidence for loss of &ggr; band synchronization in Alzheimer’s disease. Synchronization likelihood may be more sensitive to detect such changes than the commonly used coherence analysis.