Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Event-Coverage and Weight based Method for Test Suite Prioritization

There are many challenges in testing of Graphical User Interface (GUI) applications due to its event driven nature and infinite input domain. Testing each and every possible combination of input require creating number of test cases to satisfy the adequacy criteria of GUI testing. It is not possible to test each and every test case within specified time frame. Therefore it is important to assign higher priority to test cases which have higher fault revealing capability than other test cases. Various methods are specified in literature for test suite prioritization of GUI based software and some of them are based on interaction coverage and weight of events. Weight based methods are defined namely fault prone weight based method, random weight based method and equal weight based method in which fault prone based method is most effective. In this paper we have proposed Event-Coverage and Weight based Method (EC-WBM) which prioritizes GUI test cases according to their event coverage and weight value. Weight value will be assigned based on unique event coverage and fault revealing capability of events. Event coverage based method is used to evaluate the adequacy of test cases. EC-WBM is evaluated for 2 applications one is Notepad and another is Calculator. Fault seeding method is used to create number of versions of application and these faults are evaluated using APFD (Average percentage of fault detection). APFD for prioritized test cases of Notepad is 98% and APFD for non-prioritized test cases is 62%.
Regulation of Aurora B Kinase by the Lipid Raft Protein Flotillin-1*

The lipid raft protein Flotillin-1 was previously shown to be required for cell proliferation. Here we show that it is critical for the maintenance of the levels of the mitotic regulator Aurora B. Knockdown of Flotillin-1 induced aberrant mitotic events similar to those produced by Aurora B depletion and led to a marked decline in Aurora B levels and activity. Transfection of wild-type full-length Flotillin-1 or forms directed to the nucleus increased Aurora B levels and activity. Flotillin-1 interacted with Aurora B directly through its SPFH domain in a complex distinct from the chromosomal passenger protein complex, and the two proteins co-purified in nuclear, non-raft fractions. These observations are the first evidence for a function of Flotillin-1 outside of lipid rafts and suggest its critical role in the maintenance of a pool of active Aurora B.
Évaluation des outils d'accès à l'information textuelle : les expériences américaine (TREC) et française (AMARYLLIS)

L'objectif principal de cet article est de presenter les experiences americaine (TREC) et francophone (AMARYLLIS) dans le cadre de l'evaluation des outils d'acces a l'information textuelle. Les memes preoccupations ont conduit a la naissance des deux projets. La mise en place d'AMARYLLIS s'est largement inspiree de l'experience de TREC. Le protocole d'evaluation utilise et le deroulement des campagnes de tests sont donc identiques dans les deux projets. Cependant, les deux approches different sur un certain nombre de points dont notamment la taille des corpus et la facon de les creer, mais surtout sur les objectifs vises. Nous essayons dans cet article de comparer point par point ces deux projets, de faire le bilan de l'experience francaise et de faire des propositions pour son evolution.
Ultrafiltration and the Buffer: One More Interaction to Consider?

20 Since the start of peritoneal dialysis (PD), there has been a growing appreciation of the many characteristics of a PD solution that can influence its ultrafiltration (UF) performance. Factors that are well described and employed in clinical practice include the type of osmotic agent used (whether it be crystalloid or colloid), the concentration of the osmotic agent, the dwell time, and the volume instilled. Over the past two decades, numerous attempts to improve the UF efficiency of glucose have been described but with varying degrees of success. The use of vasoactive agents, such as nitroprusside, to pharmacologically alter peritoneal solute clearance was demonstrated as early as 1976 (1), but the mechanism behind this phenomenon was unclear. Douma and colleagues have since delineated the mechanism as a nitric oxide-mediated increase in the effective surface area and intrinsic permeability of the peritoneal membrane (2). Approaches to improving UF using phospholipids, proteoglycans, or glycosaminoglycans added to the PD solution have either been unsuccessful or demonstrated a trend toward improved UF (3–6). More recently, some studies have reported that “biocompatible” glucose-based solutions have altered UF characteristics versus the more acidic, higher glucose degradation product (GDP) conventional solutions (7,8). Indeed, mechanistic studies exist that describe the interaction of pH, buffer, and GDPs on peritoneal vasoreactivity, thereby offering a possible explanation for such clinical reports (9). However, a discourse on mechanisms seems premature given the current controversy over whether true differences in UF actually occur in the clinical setting with “biocompatible” solutions. In this respect, I refer the reader to recent publications and correspondence on two such studies with biocompatible solutions that draw opposite conclusions on this topic (10,11). In this issue of Peritoneal Dialysis International, Cavallini and colleagues report yet another interaction between glucose (the osmotic agent employed) and a new buffer system that partially substitutes lactate with citrate (12). This is an acute rat study that reports an increase in net UF of about 25% during a 4-hour dwell when 10 mmol/L lactate is substituted with citrate. This net increase in UF appears to be due primarily to an inULTRAFILTRATION AND THE BUFFER: ONE MORE INTERACTION TO CONSIDER?
Wave-based Discretizations A high-frequency boundary element method for a transmission scattering problem

We consider time-harmonic scattering by penetrable polygonal obstacles in 2D. We present a boundary element method (BEM) based on a hybrid numerical-asymptotic (HNA) approximation space built from oscillatory basis functions. The basis functions are carefully chosen to capture the leading order terms in the highfrequency asymptotic behaviour of the boundary solution. Numerical experiments suggest that the method can achieve fixed accuracy using a small (and frequency-independent) number of degrees of freedom, even at high frequencies.
Cyclic tensile stretch modulates proteoglycan production by intervertebral disc annulus fibrosus cells through production of nitrite oxide

Degeneration of the intervertebral disc is the main pathophysiological process implicated in low back pain and is a prerequisite to disc herniation. Clinically, mechanical forces are important modulators of the degeneration, but the underlying molecular mechanism is not known and needs investigation to identify the biological target. The aim of this work was to study, at the molecular level, the effects of cyclic tensile stretch (CTS) on the production of proteoglycan by intervertebral disc annulus fibrosus cells since proteoglycans seem to be implicated in the dynamic process of intervertebral disc degeneration. Such cells of rabbit were cultured at high density on plates with a flexible bottom. CTS was applied with use of a pressure‐operated instrument to deform the plates. With CTS at 1% elongation (1 Hz frequency), the level of 35S‐labeled neosynthesized proteoglycans that accumulated in the cellular pool or were secreted in the culture medium did not change, but at 5% elongation, the level was significantly reduced after 8 h of stimulation (30 and 21%, respectively) and further reduced at 24 h (43 and 41%, respectively). Introducing the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide had no effect on this result. Neither aggrecan and biglycan expression nor proteoglycan physical properties were modified. The level of nitrite oxide production significantly increased by 3.5 times after 8 h of 5% elongation. Introducing the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors NG‐methyl‐l‐arginine or N‐omega nitro‐l‐arginine diminished the effects of CTS on the production of nitrite oxide and proteoglycans. By contrast, introducing N‐iminoethyl‐l‐lysine (a more specific inhibitor of inductible NOS [iNOS]) had little or no effect. Taken together, these results suggest that cNOS activation seems to be more implicated in the 5% CTS modulation of proteoglycan production than iNOS activation. These results suggest that CTS can help regulate the intervertebral disc matrix by decreasing proteoglycan production through a post‐translational regulation involving nitrite oxide. This result could be of interest in the development of local therapeutic strategies aimed at controlling intervertebral disc degeneration. J. Cell. Biochem. 90: 148–157, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How Did the Spanish Civil War End? … Not So Well

IN TRYING TO UNDERSTAND NIETZSCHE’S CONCEPT of eternal return, the novelist Milan Kundera contrasts the weight of singular historical events with their transformation into something ephemerally light as they move away from us in time and distance: “If the French Revolution were to recur eternally, French historians would be less proud of Robespierre. But because they deal with something that will not return, the bloody years of the Revolution have turned into mere words, theories, and discussion, have become lighter than feathers, frightening no one. ”1 Similarly, in grappling with how civil wars end, it becomes too easy for historians, especially those concerned with historical memory or usable pasts, to trivialize through abstract analysis the real trauma inflicted on human beings over the course of a war by substituting historical memory for the visceral experience of violence that comes during wartime. But if historians take a more rigidly defined perspective to define how civil wars end, then we miss all of the subtle ways in which the conflict rages on even after the war has presumably ended.2 The Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) is a good case in point. General consensus points to April 1, 1939, as the end date, with the Republicans’ unconditional surrender to the Nationalists. The Nationalists won—no doubt about it. Pockets of armed resistance continued until the early 1950s, but Francisco Franco’s sovereignty remained unquestioned. These facts, however, tell us little about the violence and
Efecto de dos dietas fibrosas en la producción de metano en alpacas.

Con el objetivo de encontrar diferencias, que nos puedan inducir a error, en las emisiones de metano en alpacas. Se utilizaron 8 alpacas macho, de dos anos de edad; los cuales fueron distribuidos al azar en Grupo A (alimento fibroso ofrecido en forma entera, n=4) y el Grupo B (alimento fibroso ofrecido en forma molida n=4). Se evaluaron las emisiones de CH 4 en la manana y en la noche; utilizando un equipo portatil de medicion de gases Gasmet DX-4030 Analyser. Para el analisis de los resultados se utilizo una regresion lineal mixta. No se encontraron diferencias estadisticas significativas (p<0.05) en el efecto de las dietas fibrosas sobre la produccion de CH 4 ni en el momento de evaluacion (manana o noche).
Cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis at diagnosis predicts mortality in primary Sjögren syndrome: analysis of 515 patients.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the fulfilment of classification criteria for cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis (CV) at diagnosis in a large cohort of patients with primary SS and their correlation with poor outcomes. METHODS We included 515 consecutive patients tested for serum cryoglobulins who fulfilled the 2002 classification criteria for primary SS. CV classification criteria and serum cryoglobulins at diagnosis were assessed as predictors of death and lymphoma using Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis adjusted for age and gender. RESULTS Positive serum cryoglobulins were detected in 65 (12%) patients, of whom 21 (32%) fulfilled CV classification criteria. Compared with patients positive for cryoglobulins who did not fulfil CV criteria, patients with CV had a higher frequency of type II cryoglobulinaemia (86% vs 43%, P = 0.04), a higher mean cryocrit level (6.58% vs 1.25%, P < 0.001) and a higher cumulated mean EULAR-SS disease activity index score (35.3 vs 16.2, P < 0.001). After a mean follow-up of 110 months, 45 (9%) patients developed B-cell lymphoma and 33 (6%) died. Compared with patients without cryoglobulins, patients with cryoglobulins who fulfilled [hazard ratio (HR) = 7.47, 95% CI: 3.38, 16.53] and did not fulfil (HR = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.03, 6.35) CV criteria both showed a higher risk of B-cell lymphoma in the univariate analysis, but not in the multivariate models. Compared with patients without cryoglobulins, patients with CV had a higher risk of death in both the univariate (HR = 11.68, 95% CI: 4.44, 30.74) and multivariate (HR = 4.36, 95% CI: 1.32, 14.47) models. CONCLUSION Patients with primary SS who fulfilled criteria for cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis at diagnosis are at higher risk of death.
Lymphocyte doubling time in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: analysis of its prognostic significance

Summary. In 100 untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) lymphocyte doubling time (LDT) has been investigated in relationship with clinical stages, bone marrow histological patterns, treatment‐free period and survival. Although partially correlated with clinical stages and bone marrow patterns. LDT has a clear prognostic significance by itself: whereas a LDT of 12 or less months identifies a population of patients with poor prognosis, a LDT higher than 12 months is indicative of good prognosis as substantiated by a long treatment‐free period and survival. This simple parameter can be useful in the clinical management of CLL patients.
Comparison of Miniaturized and Conventional Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation (AF4) Channels for Nanoparticle Separations

The performance of a miniaturized channel for the separation of polymer and metal nanoparticles (NP) using Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation (AF4) was investigated and compared with a conventional AF4 system. To develop standard separation methods, experimental parameters like cross flow, gradient profile and injection time were varied and optimized. Corresponding chromatographic parameters were calculated and compared. Our results indicate that the chromatographic resolution in the miniaturized channel is lower, whereas significantly shorter analyses time and less solvent consumption were obtained. Moreover, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) obtained from hyphenation with a UV-detector are obviously lower than in a conventional channel, which makes the miniaturized channel interesting for trace analysis.
An Analysis of the Public Perception of Flood Risk on the Belgian Coast

In recent years, perception of flood risks has become an important topic to policy makers concerned with risk management and safety issues. Knowledge of the public risk perception is considered a crucial aspect in modern flood risk management as it steers the development of effective and efficient flood mitigation strategies. This study aimed at gaining insight into the perception of flood risks along the Belgian coast. Given the importance of the tourism industry on the Belgian coast, the survey considered both inhabitants and residential tourists. Based on actual expert's risk assessments, a high and a low risk area were selected for the study. Risk perception was assessed on the basis of scaled items regarding storm surges and coastal flood risks. In addition, various personal and residence characteristics were measured. Using multiple regression analysis, risk perception was found to be primarily influenced by actual flood risk estimates, age, gender, and experience with previous flood hazards.
A randomized trial of continuous intravenous versus hepatic intraarterial floxuridine in patients with colorectal cancer metastatic to the liver: the Northern California Oncology Group trial.

In 1983, the Northern California Oncology Group (NCOG) instituted a randomized trial of intravenous (IV) versus intraarterial (IA) floxuridine (FUDR) administered via an implantable pump for patients with colorectal cancer metastatic to the liver. The study objectives were to compare the hepatic response rate, time to hepatic progression, and toxicity for the two treatment arms. The study design, which allowed patients failing IV FUDR to crossover to the IA arm, prevents a meaningful comparative analysis of survival. Patients with liver-only metastases (N = 143) were randomized, 76 to the IV arm and 67 to the IA arm, and 115 patients (65 IV, 50 IA) were fully evaluable. Of the 65 patients in the IV arm, 28 crossed over to IA treatment after failing IV FUDR. The dose-limiting toxicity of IV FUDR was diarrhea, whereas biliary toxicity limited both the dose and duration of IA FUDR therapy. Of the first 25 patients treated with IA FUDR at a dose of . 3 mg/kg/day, 10 developed radiographically evident biliary strictures, and three developed permanent jaundice. With reduction of the initial IA FUDR dose to . 2 mg/kg/day, and adoption of a policy of early dosage reduction, treatment interruption, or termination of therapy for persistent elevations in alkaline phosphatase, only two further cases of serious biliary toxicity occurred. However, 26 of the 50 IA FUDR patients ultimately had therapy terminated because of drug toxicity rather than disease progression. When compared with systemic infusion, infusion into the hepatic artery greatly enhanced the antitumor activity of FUDR against colorectal liver metastases. Although biliary toxicity is the most serious limitation of this form of therapy, biliary stricture and jaundice usually can be averted through careful monitoring of liver enzymes and early dosage reduction.
A Floating-Body Cell Fully Compatible With 90-nm CMOS Technology Node for a 128-Mb SOI DRAM and Its Scalability

A 128-Mb silicon-on-insulator dynamic random access memory with floating-body cell (FBC) has been successfully developed for the first time. Two technologies have been newly implemented, namely: 1) the optimized well structure and 2) Cu wiring. The well design has been optimized both for the array device and the peripheral circuit in order to realize full functionality and good retention characteristics. Cu wiring has been used for the bit line and the source line, which increases the signal of the worst bit in the array and also realizes full compatibility with the standard CMOS process. Scalability of FBC down to 45-nm CMOS technology node has been investigated by a device simulation. The signal and the maximum electric field can be maintained constant with the reduction of the device dimensions and the operation voltage
Importance of rotavirus as a cause of gastroenteritis in Jordan: A hospital based study

Rotavirus is recognized to be a very important cause of GE in younger children in both developed as well as developing countries, but causes most of the mortality and morbidity in the latter. The recent introduction of a rotavirus vaccine in some parts of the world makes it necessary for us to determine the impact of this organism in our population with the aim of determining the need for the vaccine. In order to determine this, a study was conducted at the JUH and 3 other private hospitals. At the JUH, 64/256 (25%) of children with GE had rotavirus in 1995. The proportions of cases attributed to rotavirus in the other 3 y were 70/199 (35.2%), 69/279 (24.7%) and 76/294(25.8%) for 2002, 2003 and 2004, respectively. The cumulative proportion of cases attributable to rotavirus gastroenteritis in all the y was 27.14%. With regard to the 3 private hospitals, rotavirus accounted for 38/225 (16.9%), 140/664(21%) and 668/1496(44.6%) at the Khalidy, Jordan and Islamic hospitals, respectively. It is concluded that rotavirus is a significant cause of GE in Jordanian children regardless of their social background, and attempt at controlling this infection may be warranted.
Atherosclerotic Surrogate Markers in Adults With Down Syndrome: A Case‐Control Study

The authors aimed to compare surrogate markers of atherosclerosis (pulse wave velocity, intima‐media thickness) between adults with and without Down syndrome (DS) and to assess the impact of parathyroid hormone levels and classic cardiovascular risk factors on arterial stiffness. After comparing 51 adults with DS and 51 healthy adults (siblings of DS individuals), the authors found that adults with DS seem to have lower arterial stiffness, as a result of chronic hypotension. Subclinical atherosclerosis parameters do not correlate with traditional cardiovascular risk factors in adults with DS, thus raising the hypothesis that classic predictive models for cardiovascular disease are not valid in this population. Hyperparathyroidism could play an important role in arterial damage in these individuals. The lower than expected prevalence of obesity and dyslipidemia could be explained by better eating habits, with this study being the first to address the anthropometric and clinical profile of a Mediterranean cohort of adults with DS.
PLI: Augmenting Live Databases with Custom Clustered Indexes

RDBMSes only support one clustered index per database table that can speed up query processing. Database applications, that continually ingest large amounts of data, perceive slow query response times to long downtimes, as the clustered index ordering must be strictly maintained. In this paper, we show that application slowdown or downtime, however, can often be avoided if database systems expose the physical location of attributes that are completely or approximately clustered. Towards this, we propose PLI, a physical location index, constructed by determining the physical ordering of an attribute and creating approximately sorted buckets that map physical ordering with attribute values in a live database. To use a PLI incoming SQL queries are simply rewritten with physical ordering information for that particular database. Experiments show queries with the PLI index significantly outperform queries using native unclustered (secondary) indexes, while the index itself requires a much lower maintenance overheads when compared to native clustered indexes.
IAPP Fibril Formation; A Zipper Story

Amyloid fibrils represent a stable form of many misfolded proteins associated with numerous diseases. A well known example is diabetes type II caused by the Islet amyloid polypeptide. The appearance of IAPP fibrils in pancreatic tissue is a hallmark of diabetes type II. To design therapeutic agents to combat the progression of diabetes type II, it is worthwhile to investigate the mechanisms of the IAPP fibril growth. In this work, we present a systematic study of several methods aimed at investigating how a IAPP fibril grows. A whole length IAPP fibril consists of two interacting β-sheets. The study focuses on the amyloidogenic region of the IAPP fibril, residues 22 to 27 (NFGAIL). We have employed standard molecular dynamics, umbrella sampling, replica exchange umbrella sampling and transition path sampling. Our results indicate that the residues Ala25, Ile26 and Leu27 of the hIAPP are the vital contacts for a monomer to dock to the growing fibril. The data suggests that interaction with the sheet below the sheet that the monomer is attaching to is responsible for this interaction. Another important finding is that by using standard umbrella sampling one runs the risk of encountering trapping effects. This may not always be a problem but when one attempts to extract structural information this may lead to problems. We have shown that by using replica exchange umbrella sampling this trapping does not occur.