Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Covert Dyskinesia Associated With Aripiprazole: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Abstract The atypical antipsychotic agents are felt by many to have a lower risk of inducing the development of dyskinetic movements than the conventional antipsychotic agents agents such as haloperidol and fluphenazine. However, that does not mean that treatment with the atypical antipsychotic agents carries no risk of developing dyskinesias. To the contrary, all of the atypical antipsychotic agents, including aripiprazole, have been associated with the induction of dyskinetic movements. We will present the case of a patient who developed a covert dyskinesia that manifested shortly after the discontinuation of aripiprazole. We will review the use of aripiprazole and the adverse effects most commonly associated with its use. We will also discuss the risk factors associated with the development of tardive dyskinesia and review the different clinical variations (withdrawal dyskinesia, covert dyskinesia, tardive diskinesia) of medication-induced dyskinesias.
Use of fourier transformations and wavelets for satellite image processing

Image processing mainly comprises of operations based on either the pixel values or the operations involving the values of a certain neighbourhood around the pixel, in latter the computations become extensive and the values are affected by the surroundings spatial features. However another approach that converts the image into its frequency components allows visualization and computations based upon spatial frequency rather than the spatial contingency. This approach yields some useful possibilities along with the apparent difficulties in visualizing the frequency domain. Fourier analysis and wavelet transforms are available in most image processing software allowing to be applied in specified ways e.g. Fourier filtering, wavelet compressions, wavelet resolution merges. In this study the capabilities of important image processing software in this context is discussed along with a few implementations of the techniques to de-stripe data, compress data, merge data, visualize data. The implementation is found to be rather difficult to customize for a particular application and the available options in software are somewhat crudely applicable to only specific problems. The applicability of the techniques is also mostly based on hit and trial method especially in case of Fourier filtering unless the exact nature of the solution is predetermined. To cope for this constraint of pre-defined applicability, the customizability of the wavelets using different kinds of wavelets is assessed and Matlab's customization options are used in this study.
Communicating Progress on Meeting the United Nations Global Compact Goals – an analysis of the South African experience

The purpose of business has been a consistent focus area in the field of corporate responsibility (CR). This article examines public disclosures on CR made by South African signatories to the United Nations Global Compact, with reference to recent contributions on the purpose of business. Over time, the focus of CR has shifted from an internal corporate to a broader systemic perspective, reflecting the view that the responsibility of corporations cannot be addressed in isolation. In terms of purpose, Porter and Kramer present Creating Shared Value (CSV) as a way to reinvent capitalism. Donaldson and Walsh argue that what counts as value for a single firm is not the same as value for business in general, and propose a world where collective value is optimized. Corporations have to confront global challenges with commitment and innovation. If they can do so successfully it will be in their own interest and also in the interest of the planet. It is frequently argued that – in addition – it will be the right thing to do from a moral perspective. The use of “in addition” is significant: it illustrates one of the key conceptual challenges to understanding the (perceived) tension between the business case and the moral case for corporate responsibility. “In addition” implies that the business case and the moral case are separate, but that, if they are aligned, there would be no tension. It is argued that the traditional resolution of this tension – enlightened self-interest –is both superficial and flawed. It is proposed that more corporate support for CR based on a normative foundation should be encouraged, and that the concept of Optimized Collective Value is an appropriate way to achieve this.
Isolation and Identification of Methylarginines from Bovine Brain

Abstract: Methylarginines in free form were identified in bovine brain. Three compounds were isolated from the basic aliphatic amino acid fraction of bovine brain with several ion‐exchange chromatographies. They showed the same Rf values in paper and thin‐layer chromatographies as those of authentic NG‐monomethylarginine, NG‐dimethylargi‐nine, and NG‐dimethylarginine. The migration distance of the isolated compounds in high‐voltage paper electropho‐resis and the retention times in ion‐exchange HPLC were also identical to those of the above authentic methylarginines. We concluded that these three compounds are the methyl derivatives of arginine described above. The amount of these three compounds isolated from 1,090 g of bovine brain was 0.3 μmol of NG‐monomethylarginine, 0.1 μmol of NG,NG‐dimethylarginine, and 0.5 μmol of NG,NG‐dimethylarginine. The occurrence of these free methylarginines may have an important role in regulating the signal transduction through the nitric oxide system.
The Role of the Thumb: Study of Finger Motion in Grasping and Reachability Space in Human and Robotic Hands

It is well acknowledged that the opposing thumb granted humans advanced manipulation capabilities. However, such a feature is not statistically quantified, and its representation is not formally addressed in robotics yet. This paper studies whether the displacement of the opposing thumb in humans is a determining factor for shaping the grip. Using statistical analysis of the variability of motion capture data from the GRASP database, we found that the displacement of the thumb plays a leading role on the shaping of the grip, independently from the specific object being grasped. Furthermore, we map and compare the reachability spaces of the human thumb and two state-of-the-art robotic thumbs: 1) the shadow and 2) the iCub hands. We conclude that the kinematics of robotic thumbs does not evenly span the reachability space of the human thumb, favoring precision grasping motions. Hence, our findings contribute to the discussion of the optimal modeling of robotic hands.
Stepwise Normalization of Two-Channel Spotted Microarrays

Intensities measurements of spotted microarrays embody many undesirable systematic variations. Very commonly, varying amounts and types of such variations are observed in different arrays. Although various normalization methods have been proposed to remove such systematic effects, it has not been well studied how to assess or select the most appropriate method for different arrays and data sets. To address this issue, we present a novel normalization technique, STEPNORM, for data-dependent and adaptive normalization of two-channel spotted microarrays. STEPNORM performs a stepwise interrogation of a range of different normalization models and selects the appropriate method based on formal model selection criteria. In addition, we evaluate the effectiveness of STEPNORM and other commonly used normalization methods utilizing a set of specially constructed splicing arrays.
Review Article: Phospholemman: A Novel Cardiac Stress Protein

Phospholemman (PLM), a member of the FXYD family of regulators of ion transport, is a major sarcolemmal substrate for protein kinases A and C in cardiac and skeletal muscle. In the heart, PLM co‐localizes and co‐immunoprecipitates with Na+‐K+‐ATPase, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, and L‐type Ca2+ channel. Functionally, when phosphorylated at serine68, PLM stimulates Na+‐K+‐ATPase but inhibits Na+/Ca2+ exchanger in cardiac myocytes. In heterologous expression systems, PLM modulates the gating of cardiac L‐type Ca2+ channel. Therefore, PLM occupies a key modulatory role in intracellular Na+ and Ca2+ homeostasis and is intimately involved in regulation of excitation–contraction (EC) coupling. Genetic ablation of PLM results in a slight increase in baseline cardiac contractility and prolongation of action potential duration. When hearts are subjected to catecholamine stress, PLM minimizes the risks of arrhythmogenesis by reducing Na+ overload and simultaneously preserves inotropy by inhibiting Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. In heart failure, both expression and phosphorylation state of PLM are altered and may partly account for abnormalities in EC coupling. The unique role of PLM in regulation of Na+‐K+‐ATPase, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, and potentially L‐type Ca2+ channel in the heart, together with the changes in its expression and phosphorylation in heart failure, make PLM a rational and novel target for development of drugs in our armamentarium against heart failure. Clin Trans Sci 2010; Volume 3: 189–196
Theoretical and experimental study of mass sensitivity of PSAW-APMs on ZX-LiNbO/sub 3/

Acoustic plate mode (APM) devices have recently been used as sensing elements, both for the physical measurement of fluid properties and in biosensor applications. One of the primary interaction mechanisms in these devices is mass loading caused by the added mass bound to the layered crystal surface. However, the material properties of these thin composite layers are not well characterized or known as is required in order to accurately predict the sensor response. In the present work, perturbation theory is used to derive expressions for the sensitivity of the APM sensors to mass loading and viscoelastic stiffening. Mass sensitivity experiment was conducted on ZX-LiNbO/sub 3/ in a liquid environment to accurately reflect the sensitivity of an actual biosensor and the results are compared to theory. The measured data show a f/sup 2/ dependence for the mass sensitivity for APMs on ZX-LiNbO/sub 3/ in the measured frequency range, which indicates a SAW-like behavior. This behavior is due to the fact that the acoustic plate modes on ZX-LiNBO/sub 3/ are pseudo-SAW (PSAW) derived, and the acoustic energy is confined to the sensing surface. As a result, the APMs on ZX-LiNbO/sub 3/ are referred to as PSAW-APMs. Discussions are given in terms of the added mass which occurs in typical biosensor applications. <<ETX>>
Pregnancy complications and neonatal outcomes in women with eating disorders.

OBJECTIVE This study reported pregnancy complications and neonatal outcomes for 49 live births in a group of women with eating disorders who were prospectively followed. METHOD Subjects were recruited from 246 women participating in a longitudinal study of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, now in its 12th year. Subjects were interviewed by trained assistants and completed a brief self-report instrument that assessed both birth statistics and birth-related complications. Medical records and/or self-report data describing the neonates' birth status were obtained. RESULTS The majority of the women with eating disorders had normal pregnancies, resulting in healthy babies. Across the group, the mean length of pregnancy was 38.7 weeks, the mean birth weight was 7.6 lb, and mean Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes after birth were 8.2 and 9.0, respectively. Most outcomes were positive; however, three babies (6.1%) had birth defects, and 17 (34.7%) of the women experienced postpartum depression. The mean number of obstetric complications in the group was 1.3, and 13 (26.5%) of the women delivered by cesarean section. Women who showed symptoms of either anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa during pregnancy had a higher frequency of birth by cesarean section and postpartum depression than did nonsymptomatic women. CONCLUSIONS Pregnant women with active eating disorders appear to be at greater risk for delivery by cesarean section and for postpartum depression. Pregnant women with past or current eating disorders should be viewed as being at high risk and monitored closely both during and after pregnancy to optimize maternal and fetal outcomes.
Epidemiology, Genetics, and Ecology of ToxigenicVibrio cholerae

SUMMARY Cholera caused by toxigenic Vibrio cholerae is a major public health problem confronting developing countries, where outbreaks occur in a regular seasonal pattern and are particularly associated with poverty and poor sanitation. The disease is characterized by a devastating watery diarrhea which leads to rapid dehydration, and death occurs in 50 to 70% of untreated patients. Cholera is a waterborne disease, and the importance of water ecology is suggested by the close association of V. cholerae with surface water and the population interacting with the water. Cholera toxin (CT), which is responsible for the profuse diarrhea, is encoded by a lysogenic bacteriophage designated CTXΦ. Although the mechanism by which CT causes diarrhea is known, it is not clear why V. cholerae should infect and elaborate the lethal toxin in the host. Molecular epidemiological surveillance has revealed clonal diversity among toxigenic V. cholerae strains and a continual emergence of new epidemic clones. In view of lysogenic conversion by CTXΦ as a possible mechanism of origination of new toxigenic clones of V. cholerae, it appears that the continual emergence of new toxigenic strains and their selective enrichment during cholera outbreaks constitute an essential component of the natural ecosystem for the evolution of epidemic V. cholerae strains and genetic elements that mediate the transfer of virulence genes. The ecosystem comprising V. cholerae, CTXΦ, the aquatic environment, and the mammalian host offers an understanding of the complex relationship between pathogenesis and the natural selection of a pathogen.
Antenatal Endotoxin and Glucocorticoid Effects on Lung Morphometry in Preterm Lambs

In utero inflammation may accelerate fetal lung maturation but may also play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic lung disease. We examined the impact of endotoxin, a potent proinflammatory stimulus, on structural and functional maturation of preterm sheep lungs. Date bred ewes received 20 mg Escherichia coli endotoxin or saline by ultrasound guided intra-amniotic injection at 119 d gestation. A comparison group of animals received 0.5 mg/kg betamethasone, a known maturational agent, at 118 d gestation. Lambs were delivered by cesarean section at 125 d (term = 150 d) and ventilated for 40 min. Lung function data are reported elsewhere. Total and differential white cell counts were performed on amniotic fluid and fetal lung fluid samples. Morphometric analyses were performed on inflation fixed right upper lobes. Total cell count increased slightly but not significantly in both amniotic fluid and fetal lung fluid. Both endotoxin and betamethasone had similar effects on alveolarization: average alveolar volume increased by approximately 20% and total alveolar number decreased by almost 30%. Both treatments led to thinning of alveolar walls, although this was statistically significant in the betamethasone-treated group only. Although antenatal endotoxin leads to striking improvements in postnatal lung function, this may be at the expense of normal alveolar development.
The challenge of conceptualizing affordable housing: definitions and their underlying agendas in Israel

Abstract While critical work has focused on revealing underpinning motives of affordable housing strategy, there has been lesser attention given to how factors beyond affordability undergird affordable housing definition. The cultural embeddedness of affordable housing in Israel enables the concept to exist without formal definition, thus, laying bare the agendas and causal narratives and providing an effective laboratory to explore affordable housing’s varied interpretations. This research is based on 60 interviews, analysis of legislation, policy documents and newspaper articles. We use the framework of problem definition and social construction to explain how affordable housing can be manipulated by various institutions and actors to promote interests or agendas that may have little to do with affordability. The findings reveal that Israel’s affordable housing definition, or lack thereof, reflect both various demographic, fiscal, social and political interests and a perpetuation of an ideological shift from the social welfare state to a neoliberal regime.
FOXP2 variants in 14 individuals with developmental speech and language disorders broaden the mutational and clinical spectrum

Background Disruptions of the FOXP2 gene, encoding a forkhead transcription factor, are the first known monogenic cause of a speech and language disorder. So far, mainly chromosomal rearrangements such as translocations or larger deletions affecting FOXP2 have been reported. Intragenic deletions or convincingly pathogenic point mutations in FOXP2 have up to date only been reported in three families. We thus aimed at a further characterisation of the mutational and clinical spectrum. Methods Chromosomal microarray testing, trio exome sequencing, multigene panel sequencing and targeted sequencing of FOXP2 were performed in individuals with variable developmental disorders, and speech and language deficits. Results We identified four different truncating mutations, two novel missense mutations within the forkhead domain and an intragenic deletion in FOXP2 in 14 individuals from eight unrelated families. Mutations occurred de novo in four families and were inherited from an affected parent in the other four. All index patients presented with various manifestations of language and speech impairment. Apart from two individuals with normal onset of speech, age of first words was between 4 and 7 years. Articulation difficulties such as slurred speech, dyspraxia, stuttering and poor pronunciation were frequently noted. Motor development was normal or only mildly delayed. Mild cognitive impairment was reported for most individuals. Conclusions By identifying intragenic deletions or mutations in 14 individuals from eight unrelated families with variable developmental delay/cognitive impairment and speech and language deficits, we considerably broaden the mutational and clinical spectrum associated with aberrations in FOXP2.
Non-specific immunodepression by larval and adult Nematospiroides dubius

SUMMARY Mice infected with Nematospiroides dubius generate weaker immune responses to concurrently administered sheep red blood cells (SRBC), than non-infected controls. The experiments described in this paper demonstrate that both adult and larval stages of N. dubius cause non-specific immunodepression of the response to SRBC. Mice which had been infected with larvae exposed to 25 krad. of irradiation, which prevents development to the adult luminal stages, produced as weak haemagglutination responses to SRBC as mice infected with normal worms even when SRBC were administered 6 weeks after infection. The removal of adult N. dubius by treatment with pyrantel 9, 11 and 15 days after infection with normal larvae did not restore the host's ability to respond to SRBC given on day 14. It was only when the mice had been without worms for 17 days that their capacity to respond normally to SRBC was restored. Mice infected with 60 or 400 transplanted adult worms produced depressed haemagglutination and plaque-forming responses to concurrently injected SRBC when compared with normal or sham-operated controls. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to the possible role of non-specific immunodepression in facilitating the survival of N. dubius in the host.
Food poverty dynamics and the determinants across households in rural south south Nigeria

This article takes a dynamic approach to the study of poverty by investigating how households exist and stay in poverty over time in rural South South, Nigeria while focusing on the food dimension of poverty. South South region is at the center of multiple risk factors: natural, ecological, social and economic that result in highly volatile income and consumption pattern for households. Balancing potential welfare loss of rural households depends in part on the effectiveness of existing programmes. This article uses the panel data set for farm households collected by the National Bureau for Statistics between 2010 and 2012 to evaluate the effectiveness of these programmes. The article used the Multinomial Logit Model (MLM) to determine the conditional probability of poverty transition. The descriptive analysis and the econometric model both lead to results that illustrate the significance of food poverty determinants in a dynamic perspective.
Bounding Partisan Approval Rates under Endogenous Partisanship: Why High Presidential Partisan Approval May Not Be What It Seems

The presidential approval rate among a president’s copartisans has received a great deal of attention and is an important quantity for understanding accountability of the executive branch. We show that the reported composition of the president’s party is endogenous to presidential popularity, with the party growing and becoming more ideologically moderate as presidential popularity increases. As a result, observed partisan approval rates may be biased because of compositional change in respondents who self-identify with the president’s party. We derive bounds on the compositionally corrected partisan approval rate under a theoretically motivated monotonicity condition. We examine how the bounds have evolved during the Obama and Trump presidencies. The proportion of survey respondents who identify with the Republican party has decreased rapidly from the preelection benchmark during the Trump presidency and, as a result, the lower bound on Trump’s partisan approval rate is much lower than at a comparable point in the Obama presidency.
Central somatostatin systems revealed with monoclonal antibodies

The distribution of central neurons displaying somatostatin immunoreactivity was studied using three monoclonal antibodies to cyclic somatostatin. The sensitive ABC immunoperoxidase technique was employed. A large number of positive cell groups including many previously undescribed populations were detected throughout the brain and spinal cord. Telencephalic somatostatin neurons included periglomerular cells in the olfactory bulb, mitral cells in the accessory olfactory bulb, and multipolar cells in the anterior olfactory nuclei, neocortex, amygdala, hippocampus, lateral septum, striatum, a ad nucleus accumbens. Within the hypothalamus, positive neurons were found in the periventricular, suprachiasmatic, and arcuate nuclei, and throughout the anterior and lateral hypothalamus. The entopeduncular nucleus and zona incerta contained many positive neurons, and the lateral habenula had a dense terminal field suggesting a pallidohabenula somatostatin pathway.