Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Earthquake Volume from Body Waves

The propagation of seismic body waves is a linearly elastic process in most of the Earth body. Only in the region surrounding the earthquake focus nonlinear processes may be expected to take place as the result of the radiation and propa gation of the waves. The investigation is concerned with the estimation of the dimension of the region in which nonlinear processes prevail. The earthquake volume can generally be understood as the region inside the Earth affected most intensively by the process taking place around the focus. If for earthquakes the volumes were determined individually and independently, the earthquake volume would eventually prove to be a parameter of formidable tectonophysical sig nificance, along with other parameters expressing the "size" or "strength" of the earthqua ke. First estimates of the earthquake volume were based on the connotation that the hypocenters of aftershocks delineate the volume of the main sho ck of the earthquake sequence (Benioff, 1955). The earthquake volume so defined was determined for main shocks with magnitudes ranging for several orders. The approach led to volume estimate s useful for a number of purposes (Bath and Duda, 1964). However, the interpretation of this ea rthquake volume in physical terms is not easy, even if the locations of the aftershocks were known completely and with highest accuracy. In the present investigation the estimate of the ea rthquake volume is based on seismographic observations of body wave signals radiated from the earthquake focus. The practical implementation of this approach is facilitated by t he availability of modern broadband seismographs. The amplitudes measured from the seismograms yield the ground motion at the point of observation in absolute units with higher accuracy than it was ever possible before. For the purpose of the present investigation the ea rthquake volume is defined as the region inside the Earth in which the amplitudes of body wa ves (together with the dynamic strains generated by them) exceed a critical value. The cri tical value of the body wave amplitude (or the corresponding value of the dynamic strain) defines thus a closed surface containing the earthquake focus. The region inside this surface is called here the earthquake volume. A priori, any reasonable critical value can be assumed for th e amplitude (or the dynamic strain). In practice, the critical value depends though on the knowledge of the physical properties of the medium controlling the propagation of the seismic signal a long the ray path between the focus and the point of observation at the Earth surface. Also, th e availability of a wave propagation theory enabling one to project the amplitude observed at t he Earth surface along the ray path towards the focus is of paramount importance for the problem.
Prevalence and factors affecting the presence of Campylobacter spp. in broiler carcasses in Bulgaria

In an 11-month study, 292 samples from 13 slaughterhouses in Bulgaria were investigated for the presence of Campylobacter spp. , and some factors affecting Campylobacter prevalence were analyzed. The study revealed that 44.9% of the samples were positive for Campylobacter spp. The main species detected were C. coli and C. jejuni. There was also one confirmed C. lari isolate. The C. coli strains prevailed over C. jejuni at 61.8% and 37.4%, respectively. A seasonal variation in the Campylobacter spp. presence in slaughter broiler carcasses was found with a predominance of positive isolates during June and July 2008. The conventional type of rearing was responsible for higher Campylobacter contamination (52.2%) of broiler carcasses compared to free-range rearing (38.5%). The impact of the chilling technology (spray, immersion, or air-chilling) on the Campylobacter presence in broiler carcasses was also analyzed.
Interactive comment on “ Spatial variations in the Kuroshio nutrient tr n port from the East China Sea to south of Japan ” by X

This manuscript uses a comprehensive data set to assess the spatial and temporal variability of water and nutrient transports by the Kuroshio Current, from the East China Sea to south of Japan. The authors have done a commendable effort to put together and systematically analyze a very extensive data set. It consists of five sections with nutrient and hydrographic measurement taken during at least the last decade. The manuscript is a natural extension of Guo et al. (2012) where only the Ea t China Sea sections (PN and TK) were analyzed; from the authors’ references I see this is the first time this extensive data set has been examined not only for utrient but also for water mass transports. This reason alone would deserve, in my opinion, publication of the manuscript. The authors show the Kuroshio Current transports O(1000 kmol s−1))
COMBINING LAPLACIAN AND SOBEL GRADIENT FOR GREATER SHARPENING

Generally medical images have narrow dynamic range of intensity levels and high noise. One such abdominal x-ray image has been taken for enhancement. This paper enhances the image by sharpening and by lime lighting more, the minute details of the bone structure present in the image. Actually the whole task has been accomplished with Laplacian filter to highlight fine details and with Sobel gradient to emphasize edges. To get the sharpened image, smoothed gradient image is used to mask the Laplacian image. Finally the dynamic range has been increased using gamma transformation.
The influence of stereochemically active lone-pair electrons on crystal symmetry and twist angles in lead apatite-2H type structures

Abstract Lead-containing (Pb-B-X)-2H apatites encompass a number of [AF]4[AT]6(BO4)6]X2 compounds used for waste stabilization, environmental catalysis and ion conduction, but the influence of the stereochemically active lone-pair electrons of Pb2+ on crystal chemistry and functionality is poorly understood. This article presents a compilation of existing structural data for Pb apatites that demonstrate paired electrons of Pb2+ at both the AF and AT results in substantial adjustments to the PbFO6 metaprism twist angle, φ. New structure refinements are presented for several natural varieties as a function of temperature by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) of vanadinite-2H (ideally Pb10(VO4)6Cl2), pyromorphite-2H (Pb10PO4)6Cl2), mimetite-2H/M (Pb10(As5+O4)6Cl2) and finnema-nite-2H (Pb10(As3+O3)6Cl2). A supercell for mimetite is confirmed using synchrotron single-crystal XRD. It is suggested the superstructure is necessary to accommodate displacement of the stereochemically active 6s2 lone-pair electrons on the Pb2+ that occupy a volume similar to an O2- anion. We propose that depending on the temperature and concentration of minor substitutional ions, the mimetite superstructure is a structural adaptation common to all Pb-containing apatites and by extension apatite electrolytes, where oxide ion interstitials arc found at similar positions to the lone-pair electrons. It is also shown that plumbous apatite framework flexes substantially through adjustments of the PbFO6 metaprism twist-angles (φ) as the temperature changes. Finally, crystal-chemical [100] zoning observed at submicron scales will probably impact on the treatment of diffraction data and may account for certain inconsistencies in reported structures.
Customer Care in Ghana: An Empirical Study of Some Selected Commercial Banks

This paper aims to develop a better understanding of customer care delivery in the Ghanaian banking sector and to determine the priority areas for management. Utilising quantitative methodology, the study took a sample of 600 customers from the banking institutions. The Chi-Square test was used to find out the relationship between dependent and independent variables. The findings revealed that service quality dimensions of Complaint Handling, Reliability, Trust and Courtesy have a direct impact on customer satisfaction in this sector. It was therefore recommended that these factors should be the priority areas for management. Keywords: Customer Care, Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction.
Principles for Ecologically Based Invasive Plant Management

Abstract Land managers have long identified a critical need for a practical and effective framework for designing restoration strategies, especially where invasive plants dominate. A holistic, ecologically based, invasive plant management (EBIPM) framework that integrates ecosystem health assessment, knowledge of ecological processes, and adaptive management into a successional management model has recently been proposed. However, well-defined principles that link ecological processes that need to be repaired to tools and strategies available to managers have been slow to emerge, thus greatly limiting the ability of managers to easily apply EBIPM across a range of restoration scenarios. The broad objective of this article is to synthesize current knowledge of the mechanisms and processes that drive plant community succession into ecological principles for EBIPM. Using the core concepts of successional management that identify site availability, species availability, and species performance as three general drivers of plant community change, we detail key principles that link management tools used in EBIPM to the ecological processes predicted to influence the three general causes of succession. Although we acknowledge that identification of principles in ecology has greatly lagged behind other fields and recognize that identification of ecological principles and the conditions in which they hold are still being developed, we demonstrate how current knowledge and future advances can be used to structure a holistic EBIPM framework that can be applied across a range of restoration scenarios.
Understanding catchment behavior through stepwise model concept improvement

Lack of data is one of the main limitations for hydrological modeling. However, it is often used as a justification for over simplifying, poorly performing models. If we want to enhance our understanding of hydrological systems, it is important to fully exploit the information contained in the available data, and to learn from model deficiencies. In this paper, we propose a methodology where we systematically update the model structure, progressively incorporating new hypotheses of catchment behavior. We apply this methodology to the Alzette river basin in Luxembourg, showing how stepwise model improvement helps to identify the behavior of this catchment. We show that the most significant improvement of the evolving model structure is associated to the characterization of antecedent wetness. This is improved accounting for interception, which affects vertical storage distribution, and accounting for rainfall spatial heterogeneity, which influences storage variations in the horizontal dimension. Overall, our results suggested that, due to the damping effect of the basin, the description of fast catchment response benefits more from spatially distributed information than that of slow catchment response.
Estimated Genetic Variance Explained by Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Different Minor Allele Frequencies for Carcass Traits in Japanese Black Cattle

Japanese Black cattle are a beef breed and well known to excel in carcass quality, but the details of genetic architectures for carcass traits in beef breeds including this breed are still poorly understood. The objective of this study was to estimate the degree of additive genetic variance explained by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker groups with different levels of minor allele frequency (MAF) for marbling score and carcass weight in Japanese Black cattle. Phenotypic data on 872 fattened steers with the genotype information about 40,000 autosomal SNPs were analyzed using two different statistical models: one considering only SNPs selected based on MAF (model 1) and the other also considering all remaining SNPs as the different term (model 2). All available SNPs were classified into 10 groups based on their MAFs. For both traits, the estimated proportions of additive genetic variance explained by SNPs selected based on their MAFs using model 1 were always higher than the estimated ones using model 2. For carcass weight, relatively high values of the proportion of the additive genetic variance were estimated when using SNPs with MAFs which were in the ranges of 0.20 to 0.25 and 0.25 to 0.30, which may be partly due to the three previously-reported quantitative trait loci candidate regions. The results could have provided some information on the genetic architecture for the carcass traits in Japanese Black cattle, although its validity may be limited, mainly due to the sample size and the use of simpler statistical models in this study.
PREDICTING THE SUITABLE HABITAT OF THE INVASIVE XANTHIUM STRUMARIUM L . IN SOUTHEASTERN ZIMBABWE

Biological invasions have negatively affected virtually all ecosystems on earth. Thus, reducing the spread of such invasive species is important. A few broad strategies are available on how to reduce the spread of invasive species. The aim of this study is to predict the suitable habitat of the invasive species Xanthium strumarium and to identify the factors associated with its spread in order to improve efforts against invasive species. Presence (53 plots) and absence (52 plots) data for building the prediction were collected from Gonarezhou National Park and the adjacent Malipati communal land, Zimbabwe in April 2013. Ten modelling techniques were employed namely; Generalized linear model, General additive model, Classification tree analysis, Surface range envelope, Multivariate adaptive regression splines, Random Forest, Gradient boosting machines, Maximum entropy, Artificial neural networks and an ensemble model. Environmental factors related to the establishment success of Xanthium strumarium were also identified. Results of this study indicate that machine learning based techniques performed better at predicting the occurrence of Xanthium strumarium, although the ensemble prediction outperformed all the individual models. Xanthium strumarium was predicted to occur in areas that receive direct radiation from the sun, thus, aspect was identified as a critical factor in habitat selection for Xanthium strumarium.
Quantizing Yang–Mills theory on a two-point space

We perform the Batalin–Vilkovisky quantization of Yang–Mills theory on a two-point space, discussing the formulation of Connes–Lott as well as Connes’ real spectral triple approach. Despite the model’s apparent simplicity the gauge structure reveals infinite reducibility and the gauge fixing is afflicted with the Gribov problem.
Measuring Online Social Bubbles

Social media have quickly become a prevalent channel to access information, spread ideas, and influence opinions. However, it has been suggested that social and algorithmic filtering may cause exposure to less diverse points of view, and even foster polarization and misinformation. Here we explore and validate this hypothesis quantitatively for the first time, at the collective and individual levels, by mining three massive datasets of web traffic, search logs, and Twitter posts. Our analysis shows that collectively, people access information from a significantly narrower spectrum of sources through social media and email, compared to search. The significance of this finding for individual exposure is revealed by investigating the relationship between the diversity of information sources experienced by users at the collective and individual level. There is a strong correlation between collective and individual diversity, supporting the notion that when we use social media we find ourselves inside"social bubbles". Our results could lead to a deeper understanding of how technology biases our exposure to new information.
Clustering of galaxy clusters in CDM universes

We use very large cosmological N–body simulations to obtain accurate predictions for the two-point correlations and power spectra of mass-limited samples of galaxy clusters. We consider two currently popular cold dark matter (CDM) cosmogonies, a critical density model (�CDM) and a flat low density model with a cosmological constant (�CDM). Our simulations each use 10 9 particles to follow the mass distribution within cubes of side 2h 1 Gpc (�CDM) and 3h 1 Gpc (�CDM) with a force resolution better than 10 4 of the cube side. We investigate how the predicted cluster correlations increase for samples of increasing mass and decreasing abundance. Very similar behaviour is found in the two cases. The correlation length increases from r0 = 12 – 13h 1 Mpc for samples with mean separation dc = 30h 1 Mpc to r0 = 22 – 27h 1 Mpc
Relationship between anxiety, heart rate and efficiency of pistol shooting Tabanca atış başarısı, kaygı düzeyi ve kalp atım hızı arasındaki ilişki

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between anxiety, heart rate and efficiency of pistol shooting. In this study, 291 male volunteers working for the Turkish National Police within the age range of 20-23 years participated. The efficiency of pistol shooting was evaluated by the total points of the bullets which hit the target from 10 metres. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to assess anxiety. The “Polar Team2 Pro” device for heart rate was used. Significant differences were found between the sets of participants according to shot accuracy groups for state anxiety level, anxiety variability, average heart rate, maximal heart rate and heart rate changes. The correlation coefficient between the pistol shooting result and change in heart rate, anxiety variability, mean heart rate during shooting, state anxiety and maximal heart rate during shooting was significant. However, there was no significant correlation between shot accuracy and resting heart rate and trait anxiety. Based on the findings, it was concluded that as a result of the higher state anxiety levels, the tremor which is caused by increased heart rate negatively affects the shooting performance in police. Ozet Bu calismanin amaci tabanca atis basarisi, kaygi duzeyi ve kalp atim hizi arasindaki iliskileri arastirmaktir. Bu calismaya Turk Polis Teskilatinda gorev yapan 20-23 yas arasindaki 291 gonullu erkek katilmistir. Tabanca atis basarisi 10 metre mesafeden hedef uzerine isabet eden fiseklerin toplam puani uzerinden degerlendirilmistir. Kaygi duzeylerinin degerlendirilmesi icin Durumluk ve Surekli Kaygi Envanteri (STAI) kullanilmistir. Kalp atim hizi olcumu icin “Polar Team2 Pro” cihazi kullanilmistir. Atis basarisi gruplarina gore katilimcilarin durumluk kaygi duzeyi, kaygi duzeyi degisimi, atis ortalama kalp atim hizi, maksimal kalp atim hizi ve kalp atim hizi degisimi arasinda anlamli farklilik bulunmustur. Tabanca atis basarisi sonuclari ile kalp atim hizi degisimi, kaygi duzeyi degisimi, atis ortalama kalp atim hizi, durumluk kaygi duzeyi, maksimal kalp atim hizi arasindaki korelasyon katsayi anlamli bulunmustur. Ancak atis basarisi ile dinlenik kalp atim hizi ve surekli kaygi duzeyi arasinda herhangi korelasyon bulunmamistir. Arastirmanin bulgularina dayanarak, durumluk kaygi duzeyi yukseldikce artan kalp atim hizinin yarattigi sarsintinin polislerin atis yeteneklerini olumsuz etkiledigi sonucuna varilmistir.
THE EFFECTS OF JOB SATISFACTION ON JOB PERFORMANCE AND ORGANIZATIONAL OBLIGATION RELATIONSHIP

This research tested the relationship between organizational obligation and job performance. As a result the research concluded the effect of job satisfaction on the relationship between organizational obligation and job performance. A self-manage questionnaire was occupied and allocated among senior and middle management staff of manufacturing sector in electrical and electronic companies in Iran. Five hundred and eighty four samples were randomly selected in the research. The obtained data were analyzed based on the descriptive and conclusive statistics using SPSS. The results showed that there was as a positive relationship between organizational obligation and job performance. The hierarchical analysis discovered that job satisfaction played moderating role on the relationship between organizational obligation and job performance.
INFORMACIJSKA TEHNOLOGIJA IN MANAGEMENT ZNANJA

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT FOR OPEN INNOVATION Following the “open” innovation paradigm leading companies are increasingly integrating customers into their innovation processes as they are the wellsprings of ideas and knowledge about the products. This paper focuses on customer integration into innovation process and how IT can be used to support it. Wikis are described as effective conversational technology for ad-hoc problems with decentralized knowledge sources, meaning that they are one fitting information technology answer to the cooperative Fuzzy Front Ends of innovation processes, particularly their realization phases. Ključne besede New product development, knowledge management, fuzzy front end, WIKI
INSULIN-, GASTRIN-, PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE-LIKE IMMUNOREACTIVE NEURONS IN THE BRAIN OF THE SILKWORM, BOMBYX MORI

In adult and larval silkworm, Bombyx mori occurrence and the distribution of neurons containing gastroenteropancreatic hormone-related peptides were studied by immunohistochemistry. l. Insulin-like immunoreactivity was found in eight large neurons in the brain and insulin-positive nerve fibers originating from them were demonstrated to reach the corpus cardiacum and corpus allatum. I 2. Gastrin-like immunoreactivity occurred in ten or more neurons in the brain and in two large neurons in the prothoracic ganglion. 3. PP-like imrnunoreactivity was found in six small neurons in the brain.
Kobe University Repository : Kernel タイトル Tit le Introductory analysis of sustainable product ion in Southeast Asia and Japan : Corporate disclosure , green purchasing , and macro situat ion 著者

As an introductory analysis, this paper examines how to shift to the sustainable production in Southeast Asia (especially in Thailand). The current situation of environment and supply chain management in Southeast Asia is measly understood. This paper aims to understand the current situation and future issues with discussion of related policy issues in Southeast Asia. Research design of this study is divided into two parts; micro and macro viewpoints. From the micro viewpoint, we examine corporate disclosure and green purchasing/procurement by adopting neo-institutional theory and stakeholder theory. Regarding corporate disclosure, we use CDP data, whereas, regarding green purchasing/procurement, we use Toyokeizai corporate social responsibility data (focusing on Japanese firms). On the other hand, from the macro viewpoint, we examine the current situation following Porter hypothesis and the framework of green product development of Southeast Asian countries. Based on some macro statistics such as OECD statistics and World Bank data, we review the current situation and what should be discussed from these frameworks as remaining issues.