Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Categorization of Occupation in Documented Skeletal Collections: Its Relevance for the Interpretation of Activity‐Related Osseous Changes

Studies on identified skeletal collections yield discordant results about the association between osseous changes and activity. These dissonances can be ascribed to several factors: the variability of the osseous changes selected for observation, the inconsistency of their interpretative criteria and the inhomogeneous classification of occupation, here used as synonym of profession, within each study. The need to standardize the concept of occupation in its biomechanical and socio-cultural expression is currently addressed by the authors, as members of a working group created after the workshop “Musculoskeletal Stress Markers (MSM): limitations and achievements in the reconstruction of past activity patterns” (Coimbra University, 2009). Within this framework, the authors reviewed the literature dedicated to entheseal changes and functional adaptation of long bones, focusing their research on studies based on European identified skeletal collections and on the criteria used in each study to classify occupations. The aim of this research was to (a) assess agreements and disagreements between authors with regard to the criteria used to categorize occupation, and (b) highlight the steps needed to build a classification system permitting future comparisons between collections of different chronological and geographical contexts. Data from the literature were exported to a table including the assessment criteria used to classify the occupation for each profession and the assignment of specific occupations to occupational categories. Overall, our results revealed two main issues: an ambiguous historical interpretation of occupation, and a marked influence of the researcher's perspective on the criteria used to classify occupations. Therefore, although the table allows basic comparisons between collections, further research is needed in order to obtain shared classifications based on each profession's specifics.
Vivir sin niños o vivir para los niños: una disyuntiva de las sociedades urbanas. El caso de Vigo

[es] Durante los 90, Galicia se situa sistematicamente entre las Comunidades con tasas mas bajas de fecundidad. Aqui se consideran las teorias mas en boga sobre las causas del descenso de la fecundidad: las que parten de un modelo de analisis economico y la teoria de la segunda transicion demografica. Finalmente, optamos por un analisis que remite al significado social (cultural y economico) de la infancia. Se ha popularizado la idea de que la ciudad actual no esta organizada ni equipada para los ninos; pero tambien es posible constatar que la solucion al uso supone una especializacion de espacios y tiempos dedicados a la infancia que compite con otros ambitos de la vida en sociedad.
Information Activities and Resources in the Hobby of Gourmet Cooking

Introduction. A framework for information science based on time is proposed, derived from an exploratory, ethnographic study of information in the hobby of gourmet cooking. Method. Participant obseration of the social world of the hobby, plus twenty semi-structured interviews with hobby cooks, followed by a photographic inventory of their household culinary information collections. Analysis. Data were analysed using grounded theory facilitated by NVivo software. While coding information activities and resources, time emerged as a critical aspect of the hobby and its information phenomena. Results. The hobby unfolds as three temporal arcs. The career arc that lasts for years or decades and represents a lifetime experience; the subject arc, made up of shorter periods in which a topic organizes culinary activity; and the episode arc, which entails distinct cooking projects. Each arc serves as a context for certain information activities and harbours quintessential information resources. Conclusions. The temporal arcs are a springboard to entertain a time-sensitive framework of the discipline. Several research specialties in information science appear to have an affinity for one arc, where their concerns and problems come into sharpest view. Overall, information science research may seem unsynchronized because of differing temporal perspectives.
COS 429 : Class Project Report Examining Motion With a Neural Net

Deep learning has revolutionized machine learning and recently wrought a similar change in computer vision. Feature vectors for identifying parts of an image used to be painstakingly handcrafted, but now can be generated by simply supplying a convolutional neural network trained with enough data. Additionally, because the data is being used directly to generate these feature vectors, the network can find important features that may not have been apparent to a person determining them by hand. For our project, we wanted to take on the challenge of using deep learning. However, instead of identifying objects in single images as we saw in class and in the homeworks, we wanted to classify motions across multiple frames of a video. We decided, based on the current emphasis placed upon deep learning, to use a neural network to implement this classification. Specifically we decided to use a convolutional neural network to identify an action that a person is undertaking in any given video. The types of actions we planned to classify are simple individual motions such as a cartwheel, a handstand, or jumping.
Muscle Strength Measurements of the Hand

textabstractThe hand has been called an extension of the brain, and the sensory and motor performance of the hand is based on adequate function of components in both the peripheral nerves as well as the central nervous systems. Damage to the nerves (e.g., injury, compression, infection [e.g. leprosy]) causes a loss of sensation and strength that may result in serious loss of hand function. According to Lundborg (2000) peripheral nerve lesions constitute one major reason for severe and longstanding impairment of hand function. He called the situation of nerve repair after injury frustrating because, although a nerve suture may be technically perfect and the rehabilitation carried out meticulously, the outcome is unpredictable and often disappointing. The evaluation of muscle strength is, in combination with the assessment of sensibility, an important clinical method to determine ulnar and median nerve function. This information is valuable in decision-making concerning surgery (e.g. tendon transfers), therapy (e.g. splints), advice in work-related issues (e.g. safety to work with machines) and research issues (e.g. nerve repair technique). Concerning this latter topic, Trumble et al. (1995) noted that without extremely sensitive methods for monitoring the functional outcome of nerve regeneration, it will be difficult to identify those factors that may have small but additive beneficial effects and those that may have negative effects on nerve regeneration. The main objective of the work presented in this thesis was to investigate the methods currently used to evaluate the motor domain of nerve function, i.e. manual muscle strength testing, and grip and pinch strength measurements. We questioned whether these methods give appropriate and sufficient information about the intrinsic muscle strength of the hand. Our hypothesis was that a dynamometer that provides quantitative data on the intrinsic muscle strength would provide more valuable information when monitoring the muscle strength of patients who have suffered nerve injuries of their arm.
Decanting the Contribution of Instruction Types and Loop Structures in the Reuse of Traces

Reuse has been proposed as a microarchitecture-level mechanism to reduce the amount of executed instructions, collapsing dependencies and freeing resources for other instructions. Previous works have used reuse domains such as memory accesses, integer or not floating point, based on the reusability rate. However, these works have not studied the specific contribution of reusing different subsets of instructions for performance. In this work, we analysed the sensitivity of trace reuse to instruction subsets, comparing their efficiency to their complementary subsets. We also studied the amount of reuse that can be extracted from loops. Our experiments show that disabling trace reuse outside loops does not harm performance but reduces in 12% the number of accesses to the reuse table. Our experiments with reuse subsets show that most of the speedup can be retained even when not reusing all types of instructions previously found in the reuse domain.
The Association Between a Family History of Type 2 Diabetes and Coronary Artery Disease in a Type 1 Diabetes Population

OBJECTIVE To examine whether a potential marker for type 2 diabetes (family history) is related to CAD in type 1 diabetic subjects. The two major types of primary diabetes, type 1 and type 2, are both associated with an increased risk of developing coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the etiology and associated risk factors may differ by type of diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, CAD is likely to be linked with the insulin resistance associated with the type 2 “process,” while CAD in type 1 diabetes has, so far, been more closely linked to renal disease. Because the etiologies of type 1 and type 2 diabetes are different, it is possible that some CAD in type 1 diabetes may be related to the coexistence of type 2 diabetes susceptibility (i.e., insulin resistance). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We evaluated the interrelationships between family history of type 2 diabetes (age at onset >30 years, no insulin for 1st year) and presence of CAD in a cohort of childhood-onset type 1 diabetic subjects using the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications study (n = 658). RESULTS A first-degree family history of type 2 diabetes was reported in 112 subjects, and CAD was present in 119 subjects. Those subjects reporting a family history of type 2 diabetes were significantly older, had a longer duration of type 1 diabetes, had higher triglyceride and LDL cholesterol levels, and had a borderline significantly increased Beck depression inventory. Sex differences in CAD risk factors were also noted. Using logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio (95% CI) for the presence of CAD in association with a family history of NIDDM was 1.89 (1.27–2.84). The odds ratio (95% CI) after adjusting for disease duration, triglycerides, hypertension, Beck depression, and nephropathy status was 1.45 (0.87–2.28). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that a family history of type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for CAD in type 1 diabetic subjects. This supports the concept that insulin resistance may contribute to development of CAD in type 1 diabetes.
Performance analysis of dual-hop UWB system with non-regenerative relaying scheme

In this paper, we intend to improve the performance of IR-UWB system by cooperative dual-hop scheme and the BER of the two-hop DS-BPAM UWB system over indoor multipath fading channels is studied. We employ non-regenerative relaying scheme in the relay node instead of regenerative relaying to avoid the performance degradation. To study the system performance, the end to end SINR analysis of the dual-hop scheme is provided, along with a BER analysis. At last, the BER performance of the cooperative dual-hop UWB system under IEEE 802.15. 3a indoor multipath fading channel is obtained and it shows the efficiency of the cooperative dual-hop scheme.
Ethnic sensitivity assessment – pharmacokinetic comparability between Japanese and non-Japanese healthy subjects on selected mAbs

Objective: Ethnic sensitivity studies (ESSs), where safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) are assessed in Japanese subjects, are routinely conducted according to Japanese regulatory requirement before the subsequent clinical studies. The necessity of ESSs is questionable in case of mAbs, where inherent IgG characteristics are considered ethnically insensitive. This report investigated PK profiles and immunogenicity (IG) following a single administration of mAbs in Japanese and non-Japanese healthy subjects. Research design and methods: PK and IG comparison between Japanese and non-Japanese healthy subjects was made on mAbs data available from public domain and unpublished internal reports. PK comparison was made based on statistical approach as well as assumed typical IgG profile using modeling and simulation. Results: When compared directly, most mAbs showed no difference between ethnic groups. When profiles of various mAbs were fit to an assumed typical IgG PK model, the majority of mAbs follow the expected behavior regardless of ethnicities. Deviations from this behavior did not appear to be due to inherent ethnic differences. When the incidence of IG was assessed, only Adalimumab showed apparent ethnic difference. Conclusions: The overall lack of observational difference may facilitate discussion of mAbs’ early clinical development in Japan, including the utility of dedicated ESSs.
Exploring the Ticagrelor-Statin Interplay in the PLATO Trial

Context: Much emphasis has been placed on a ticagrelor-aspirin (ASA) interaction in the Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial, despite this particular interaction being inconclusive. However, a potential ticagrelor-statin interplay occurred and may be important in PLATO, especially considering the remarkable and yet unexplained mortality advantage. Objective: To explore the ticagrelor-statin interaction in the PLATO trial. Results: The background statin use in hospital or at discharge was similar between ticagrelor (89.7%) and clopidogrel (89.2%) PLATO arms, respectively. In patients on statins, ticagrelor significantly decreased all-cause mortality (30 day and through study end), vascular mortality (30 day and through study end) and exhibited a trend in benefit for 30-day major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) compared to clopidogrel: hazard ratio, HR = 0.55, 95% confidence interval, CI = 0.36–0.84 (p = 0.005), and HR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.52–0.92 (p = 0.012); HR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.51–0.96 (p = 0.030), and HR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.49–0.94 (p = 0.020), and HR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.55–1.01 (p = 0.057), respectively. These results may be attributed to the fact that ticagrelor, in contrast to clopidogrel, significantly increases the potency of CYP3A4-metabolized statins, which in turn may increase the vascular benefit derived from the statin, giving an unfair advantage to ticagrelor. Moreover, inappropriate statin dosing restrictions (underdosing of simvastatin and lovastatin) were deliberately utilized in PLATO, potentially contributing to the beneficial effect of ticagrelor. Conclusions: In patients on statins, both vascular and all-cause mortality rates were significantly reduced with ticagrelor in the PLATO trial. However, this benefit may in part be driven by an increased efficacy of CYP3A4-metabolized statins on top of ticagrelor and/or from the inappropriate dose restriction of simvastatin and lovastatin in the clopidogrel arm.
Meta-analysis: Effect of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Testing on Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Acute Dyspnea in the Emergency Setting

BACKGROUND Although the accuracy of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) testing for diagnosing acute decompensated heart failure has been extensively evaluated, the effect of this test on clinical outcomes remains unclear. PURPOSE To investigate whether BNP testing of patients presenting with acute dyspnea in the emergency department leads to fewer admissions, shorter length of stay, and improved short-term survival compared with usual care without BNP testing. DATA SOURCES Two reviewers searched Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE, without language restrictions, to identify pertinent studies published from January 1996 to July 2010. STUDY SELECTION Randomized, controlled trials that compared BNP testing to diagnose heart failure with routine care in patients presenting with acute dyspnea and information about 1 or more of the following outcomes: mortality, admission, or length of hospital stay. DATA EXTRACTION Two authors independently reviewed articles, extracted data, and assessed quality and risk for bias of studies. DATA SYNTHESIS Five trials conducted in 5 countries and involving 2513 patients met inclusion criteria. Study settings had differing emergency department staffing models and used various BNP testing protocols. The pooled estimate of effect of BNP testing on all-cause mortality had wide confidence bounds and was inconclusive (odds ratio, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.65 to 1.41]). Admission rates decreased in the tested group compared with the control group (odds ratio, 0.82 [CI, 0.67 to 1.01]), although this finding was not statistically significant. Length of hospital and critical care unit stay were both modestly reduced in the tested group compared with the control group, with a mean difference of -1.22 days (CI, -2.31 to -0.14 day) and -0.56 day (CI, -1.06 to -0.05 day), respectively. LIMITATION Few relevant trials were studied. Patients included in the trials and the settings in which trials were conducted were heterogeneous. CONCLUSION B-type natriuretic peptide testing in the emergency department for patients presenting with acute dyspnea decreased length hospital of stay by about 1 day and possibly reduced admission rates but did not conclusively affect hospital mortality rates. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Inventaire des Ulves en Bretagne année 1998 - rapport de synthèse

L'inventaire 1998 des marees vertes sur les cotes bretonnes fait suite a celui de 1997. Il a ete realise de la meme maniere de facon a permettre la comparaison. Il comprend un recensement sur la totalite de la cote de tous les sites atteints par une proliferation d'algues vertes, et une quantification precise sur treize d'entre eux, en general les plus affectes. Sur ces derniers, un suivi des flux d'azote a la periode critique a ete effectue, et le stock d'algues presentes sur la plage et dans les premieres vagues a ete quantifie. Le contraste climatologique fort entre 1997 et 1998 a ete mis a profit pour comparer les conditions printanieres et estivales et rechercher un lien avec l'abondance des algues. Les precipitations de mars a juillet 1997 sont deficitaires par rapport aux references interannuelles, alors que celles de 1998 sont largement excedentaires. Le rayonnement presente un contraste inverse, et de plus faible ampleur. Les concentrations de nitrate, et surtout les debits, sont superieurs en 1998. Ils ont engendre des flux azotes en moyenne 3,3 fois plus eleves qu'en 1997. Le nombre total de sites atteints en 1998 est nettement superieur a celui de 1997. Les ulves quantifiees sur l'estran et dans les premieres vagues totalisent 21 000 t en 1998 contre 19 900 t l'annee precedente. La forte augmentation du flux d'azote ne se traduit apparemment que par une faible augmentation des tonnages observes. Les indicateurs relatifs de rendement de transformation de l'azote en ulves dans les differents sites sont en 1998 inferieurs a ceux de 1997. Dans les baies de la Fresnaye, Lannion et Douarnenez, les indicateurs restent eleves. Les baies de Lancieux et de l'Arguenon d'une part, et les differentes parties de la baie de Douarnenez d'autre part, sont a considerer comme des ensembles du fait de leur bonne communication a basse mer. Un stock important d'ulves a ete mis en evidence en baie de Douarnenez dans des zones plus profondes (-2 a -18 m).
Tunable Laser Diode System for Noninvasive Blood Glucose Measurements

Optical sensing of glucose would allow more frequent monitoring and tighter glucose control for people with diabetes. The key to a successful optical noninvasive measurement of glucose is the collection of an optical spectrum with a very high signal-to-noise ratio in a spectral region with significant glucose absorption. Unfortunately, the optical throughput of skin is low due to absorption and scattering. To overcome these difficulties, we have developed a high-brightness tunable laser system for measurements in the 2.0–2.5 μm wavelength range. The system is based on a 2.3 μm wavelength, strained quantum-well laser diode incorporating GaInAsSb wells and AlGaAsSb barrier and cladding layers. Wavelength control is provided by coupling the laser diode to an external cavity that includes an acousto-optic tunable filter. Tuning ranges of greater than 110 nm have been obtained. Because the tunable filter has no moving parts, scans can be completed very quickly, typically in less than 10 ms. We describe the performance of the present laser system and avenues for extending the tuning range beyond 400 nm.
Body mass index--specific weight gains associated with optimal birth weights in twin pregnancies.

OBJECTIVE To formulate maternal weight gain guidelines, by maternal pregravid body mass index (BMI) status, associated with optimal fetal growth and birth weight in twins. STUDY DESIGN This historical cohort study was based on 2,324 pregnancies with nonanomalous, liveborn twins (4,684 infants) from Ann Arbor, Charleston, Baltimore and Miami. Rates of maternal weight gain and fetal growth were modeled using multiple regression for 0-20 weeks, 20-28 weeks and 28-38 weeks (projected as necessary), controlling for potentially confounding factors. Optimal rates of fetal growth were defined as growth between the singleton and twin 50th percentiles, and optimal birth weights were defined as between the singleton 50th percentile and twin 90th percentile at > or = 36 weeks (2,850-2,950 g). RESULTS Optimal rates of fetal growth and birth weights were associated with rates of maternal weight gain for underweight women of 1.25-1.75 lb/wk (0.57-0.79 kg/wk) to 20 weeks, 1.50-1.75 lb/wk (0.68-0.79 kg/wk) between 20 and 28 weeks and 1.25 lb/wk (0.57 kg/wk) from 28 weeks to delivery; for normal-weight women, 1-1.5 lb/wk (0.45-0.68 kg/wk) to 20 weeks, 1.25-1.75 lb/wk (0.57-0.79 kg/wk) between 20 and 28 weeks and 1.0 lb/wk (0.45 kg/wk) from 28 weeks to delivery; for overweight women, 1-1.25 lb/wk (0.45-0.57 kg/wk) to 20 weeks, 1-1.5 lb/wk (0.45-0.68 kg/wk) between 20 and 28 weeks and 1 lb/wk (0.45 kg/wk) from 28 weeks to delivery; for obese women, 0.75-1 lb/wk (0.34-0.45 kg/wk) to 20 weeks, 0.75-1.25 lb/wk (0.34-0.57 kg/wk) between 20 and 28 weeks and 0.75 lb/wk (0.34 kg/wk) from 28 weeks to delivery. CONCLUSION Optimal rates of fetal growth and birth weights in twins are achieved at rates of maternal weight gain that vary by period of gestation and maternal pregravid BMI status.
The Introduction and Spread of Maize in Africa

Linguistic evidence strongly suggests that maize penetrated the interior of tropical Africa from the coastal regions, but the timing and mode of its introduction cannot be established. The commonly repeated assertion that the Portuguese brought maize to tropical Africa from the New World cannot be documented at this juncture, although they seem certainly to have had economic motives for doing so. Maize was probably introduced to tropical Africa at more than one point and at different times. Maize was widely grown along the coast from the River Gambia to Sâo Tomé, around the mouth of the River Congo, and possibly in Ethiopia, in the sixteenth century. There is reference to it in all these places, in Zanzibar, and around the mouth of the River Ruvuma in the seventeenth century; and it was not only mentioned but described as an important foodstuff and a major provision for slave ships between Liberia and the Niger Delta during the same century. Much less information is available for the interior, but it clearly seems to have been unknown in Uganda as late as 1861. Until well within the present century, it was neither a major export nor a mainstay of the diet in most of eastern and central tropical Africa, the bulk of the areas where it is now of major importance.