Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance Improvement of Parser through Error Analysts

1. 서 론 품사 태깅과 더불어 구문분석은 자연어처리 분야에서 필수 단계 중 하나이다. 응용 프로그램에서 언어 분석에 대한 요구가 증가하면 할수록 구문분석에 대한 요구는 증가한다. 예를 들어 기계번역에서 처음에는 단순히 단 어들의 정렬을 통해서 번역을 시도하였으나, 그 성능이 만족스럽지 못하여 구문분석 정보를 이용하여 문장에서 각 문장 성분들 간의 관계 정보를 이용하여 번역을 시도 하고 있다. 또한 인터넷 문서에서 유용한 정보를 추출할 경우에도 단순히 문자열 패턴을 이용하는 것이 아니라 구문분석 결과를 이용하면 좀 더 정확한 추출을 할 수 있다. 이 경우에 구문분석기에 반드시 필요한 것이 처리 속 도, 안정성, 그리고 성능이다. 품사 태깅과는 달리 구문분 석은 각 문장 성분들 간의 관계를 조사하기 위해서 일반 적으로 O(n 3 )의 처리 시간이 소요된다. 문장의 길이가 늘 어날수록 속도는 더욱 느려지게 된다. 구문분석은 문장 전체에 대한 분석결과를 출력하므로 문장이 복잡해질수 록 완전한 분석결과를 출력하는 것이 힘들어진다. 더욱 이 인터넷 문서와 같이 비문이 많은 문장들에서는 분석 을 성공하지 못하고 시스템이 종료하는 경우가 많이 발 생한다. 성능은 모든 시스템에서 중요하지만 특히 구문 분석에서는 구문분석의 오류가 응용 프로그램에 직접 영 향을 미치기 때문에 중요하다. 영어권에서는 구문분석 연구가 성숙하여 구문분석 프 로그램을 사용하여 다양한 연구 결과를 보이고 있다. 그 러나 한국어의 경우는 다양한 연구에서 사용할 수 있는 고속, 고성능의 구문분석기가 존재하지 않는다. 따라서 영어권에 비해서 사용할 수 있는 언어분석 도구가 줄어 들어 연구의 깊이와 결과가 좋지 못한 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 무제한 텍스트 환경의 구문분석 시스템 의 성능 향상에 대해 기술한다. 본 논문에서는 결과에 대해 정확한 오류분석을 통해 자질을 변경하여 성능향상 을 도모하였다. 본 논문의 구성은 다음과 같다. 2장에서는 영어, 일본 어, 한국어로 개발된 구문분석 시스템에 대해서 시스템 들의 특징과 성능을 알아본다. 3장에서는 제안 시스템의 구조도와 특징에 대해서 기술한다. 4장에서는 다양한 실 험을 통해서 시스템을 평가하고 분석하며 5장에서는 결 론을 내린다.
Contribution of the red and white muscles to the power output required for swimming by the yellowtail.

The mechanism of locomotion of aquatic animals has long been a matter of interests to zoologists. he so-called "Gray's Paradox" proved to be an incentive that caused a bloom of interest in swim ming energetics and the hydrodynamics of aquatic animals.1) Although considerable attention has been paid to aquatic locomotion since then, comparatively little is known of the power output required for swimming because of the technical problems involved in measurement. A few at tempts have been made to measure the thrust power directly.2-4) Most of the methods, how ever, suffer from the common disadvantage that it is difficult to relate the thrust power to the actual swimming speed. As for indirect measurements, various methods have been reported. For ex ample, BREiT') calculated the energy required for swimming by young sockeye salmon through the measurement of oxygen uptake. This method can make an exact estimation when energy is derived solely from aerobic process, but above the max mun sustained speed, where energy is derived largely through anaerobic processes, the method has to rely on extrapolation based on data obtain ed in the aerobic range. WEBB,8' by adding extra drag load to fish, obtained the relationship between the thrust or power output and swimming speed. Although this unique method can cover the whole spectrum of swimming speed, it does not yield information on how the red and white muscles contribute to the power output required for swim ming at a particular speed. It is the purpose of this study to examine the power output and function of these two types of locomotor muscle. In this paper, the electromyogram of the red and white muscles of the yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata will be used to estimate the power produced by each muscle at various swimming speeds, and the contribution of each muscle to swimming performance will be discussed. As a result, two impor tant critical points in fish locomotion will be pro posed on the basis of muscle activity. Further-
An Element-Matched Electro-Mechanical ΔΣ ADC for Ultrasound Imaging

This work presents a powerand area-efficient approach to digitizing the echo signals received by piezoelectric transducer elements, commonly used for ultrasound imaging. This technique utilizes such elements not only as sensors, but also as the loop filter of an element-level ΔΣ ADC. The receive chain is thus greatly simplified, yielding savings in area and power. Every ADC becomes small enough to fit underneath a 150 μm × 150 μm transducer element, enabling simultaneous acquisition and digitization from all the elements in a 2D array. This is especially valuable for miniature 3D probes. Experimental results are reported for a prototype receiver chip with an array of 5 × 4 element-matched ADCs and a transducer array fabricated on top of the chip. Each ADC consumes 800 μW from a 1.8 V supply and achieves a SNR of 47dB in a 75% bandwidth around a center frequency of 5MHz.
Detecting Endangered Baleen Whales within Acoustic Recordings using R-CNNs

Research and development into automated systems that can detect the vocalizations of endangered species of whales within acoustic recordings is a difﬁcult yet important task. Over the past several years, hundreds of deceased whales have washed ashore along the coasts of North America. In many cases the primary cause of death of these species has been directly linked to human activity including vessel collisions and entanglement in ﬁshing gear. In this work, we introduce preliminary work towards developing an end-to-end detection system using a Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN) trained on spectrogram representations of acoustic recordings and labelled bounding boxes around the vocalizations of three species of endangered baleen whales: blue, ﬁn, and sei whales. In this way, the R-CNN can detect vocalizations in terms of both time and frequency against a background of ambient noise and other non-biological sources. The R-CNN can be used by stakeholders and policy makers to mitigate the risk of collisions and entanglements when the aforementioned species are detected in a given area.
The investigation of the using the cyclic generative-competitive neural networks for image stylization

—The paper provides examples of convolutional neural network architectures, the corresponding activation functions, and the organization of their interaction in the learning process. Networks interact with each other according to the architecture of generative-adversarial networks. For the task, the NEXET 2017 data set was filtered and formatted. Studies of the architecture of neural networks and varying the volume of the training sample to solve the problem of image styling were carried out
Applying Blockchain Technology to Address the Crisis of Trust During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background The widespread death and disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed deficiencies of existing institutions regarding the protection of human health and well-being. Both a lack of accurate and timely data and pervasive misinformation are causing increasing harm and growing tension between data privacy and public health concerns. Objective This aim of this paper is to describe how blockchain, with its distributed trust networks and cryptography-based security, can provide solutions to data-related trust problems. Methods Blockchain is being applied in innovative ways that are relevant to the current COVID-19 crisis. We describe examples of the challenges faced by existing technologies to track medical supplies and infected patients and how blockchain technology applications may help in these situations. Results This exploration of existing and potential applications of blockchain technology for medical care shows how the distributed governance structure and privacy-preserving features of blockchain can be used to create “trustless” systems that can help resolve the tension between maintaining privacy and addressing public health needs in the fight against COVID-19. Conclusions Blockchain relies on a distributed, robust, secure, privacy-preserving, and immutable record framework that can positively transform the nature of trust, value sharing, and transactions. A nationally coordinated effort to explore blockchain to address the deficiencies of existing systems and a partnership of academia, researchers, business, and industry are suggested to expedite the adoption of blockchain in health care.
Comparative Testing of Corexit EC9500A, Finasol OSR52, Accell Clean DWD, and ZI 400 at Ohmsett in a Simulated Arctic Environment

The Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) recently conducted independent dispersant effectiveness testing. Several products were tested under simulated arctic conditions at Ohmsett. The test program was conducted to better understand the effectiveness of various dispersants under the test conditions and compare the products. The results will assist BSEE and its federal partners in their decision making in regards to the various dispersants being considered by the oil spill response organizations (OSROs) for use on the U.S. Outer Continental Shelf. Four dispersants were selected from the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) National Contingency Plan (NCP) Product Schedule and were tested on an Alaskan crude oil. They include Corexit® EC9500A, Finasol® OSR 52, Accell® Clean DWD, and ZI 400. To capture operational effectiveness issues, the dispersants were applied to a surface slick using Ohmsett’s spray bar, which simulated a system similar to a boat spraying system. Data collected included dispersant effectiveness (DE) based on the volume of the surface slick which remained after the test as compared to the volume dispersed into the water column and particle size distribution of the oil droplets dispersed at 1 meter and 2 meters below the water surface. Particle size distribution was captured using two LISST-100x instruments from Sequoia Scientific. The instruments allowed researchers to quantify the performance of each dispersant. Oil concentration, paired with particle size distribution, showed how much oil was dispersed into the water column and the size of the water droplets that were created. For this test program, droplets sizes of 70 microns (μm) or smaller were considered to be fully dispersed because they are assumed to stay suspended in the water column whereas the larger droplets may resurface and coalesce into a new slick. The performance of the products was quantified and compared to each other based on DE and the droplet size of dispersed oil. Corexit EC9500A performed very well in this study as compared to the other dispersants, producing the highest average DE, the most improvement in dispersion compared to the tests with untreated oil, and the smallest median droplet size. Finasol OSR 52 demonstrated a performance close to that of Corexit, producing the second highest average DE, and a median droplet size only slightly larger than Corexit. The average DE for Accell fell between that of Finasol and ZI 400, as did the median droplet size. ZI 400 performed poorly relative to the other products tested. In addition to providing performance data of the products in pseudo-field conditions, operational performance was captured as a general discussion about the ease of use, limitations, and concerns about the products in the environment simulated by the test conditions. BSEE intends to use the results of these tests to provide both OSROs and BSEE with information for their decision making processes.
RAM Analysis applied to centrifugal gas compressors ” Case study of an Oil and Gas company

In the last four years, the Oil and Gas industry has faced a crisis in the sector with a large amount of oil supply, which resulted in an abrupt drop in the marketing price of the oil barrell. This trend has forced many companies in this sector to look for solutions to keep their operations feasible, in such a way that the production costs can be kept within acceptable limits. In this context, the complex of RAM (Reliability, Availability and Maintainability factors constitute a strategic approach for integrating reliability, availability and maintainability, by using methods, tools and engineering techniques (Mean Time to Failure, Equipment down Time and System Availability values) to identify and quantify equipment and system failures that prevent the achievement of the productive objectives Thus, this paper deals with the application of Reliability, Availability and Maintainability (RAM) Analysis to centrifugal gas compressors installed in an offshore Oil and Gas plant in collaboration with a private company that, for privacy reasons, will not be named. The results obtained in this analysis allowed to identify the Dry Gas Seal as the most critical component, since the failures of this component had the greater impact in the several compressors analyzed, and it was also possible to verify that the critical component presents a mean time to failure lower than the expected, which means that failures occur unexpectedly, often translated into unexpected costs. Through this analysis, it was in the same way possible to identify the reasons of the excessive down time of the machines due to Dry Gas seals failures, which was the main reason for the low value of availability in some compressors. Finally, some improvement actios were recommended in order to improve reliability of the critical component and reduce the down time in the compressor, as well as improve the availability of the compressors.
A Grounded Analysis of Player-Described Board Game Immersion

Substantial research has explored the experience of immersion in digital games, but it is unclear whether this phenomenon extends to other game genres such as board games. Immersion is a concept widely discussed in the board game community by both developers and players and yet there is relatively little research in the area. This paper presents a grounded theory analysis of board game players' online discussions of immersion. This data is augmented by interviews with five board game players describing their experiences of immersion. The resultant analysis highlights that board game players discuss immersion in terms of both engrossment in the challenge of the game, and submergence within the game world the board game creates. We also focus on elements of game play which players reported in helping and hindering their immersion; importantly these elements do not always come from the game itself. We conclude that board game immersion shares similarities with the literature on immersion in digital games, despite the lack of multimedia interaction.
Quality Assessment of Chia and Basella alba (L.) based Complementary Food Formulation

Infant feeding from birth to one year of life influences an individual’s whole life. Breast milk alone can be used to feed infants properly for 4-6 months. This is a critical period because the rate of growth and development is more rapid than at any time in the life cycle. At birth, mother's milk alone is adequate for the infant. Requirements of all the nutrients progressively increase with the infant's growth. Simultaneously, the breast milk secretion in the mother comes down with time.
Residents' Perception of Home Range in Cairo

Recent studies in the realm of housing design avow for the concept of Liveable Cities; an aspect which in turn, places emphasis on the concept of home range. The home range is regarded as the challenge to create a ‘near environment’ that is humanistic and fair, community-oriented and environmentally conscious; a relatively new conception towards responsive and sustainable environments for residents’ well-being. Considering that socio-cultural needs in tandem with architectural and urban characteristics correspond to residents perspectives of their home environment; hence, understanding residents' perceptions of their home range should provide designers with deeper insights for creating more responsive residential environments. This study aimed at identifying aspects that contribute to shaping the residents’ perception of their home range. The field study included two housing features within the same social class in Egypt with a focus on Cairo: residents of the city's original districts and immigrants of the city to newly suburban gated communities. The methodology was an in-depth qualitative study, exploratory in nature, based on a theoretical content analysis of literature on home range, and a field survey that investigated the residents' perception of the concept. Tools for data gathering relied on photographic and observation methods; together with a structured interview on a random sample in each of the two defined residential environments. Results have generated a framework for decision makers and designers.
Investigation of the Biofidelity of the MIL-Lx Foot

Foot/ankle injuries from frontal automobile collisions are frequent and debilitating. While postmortem human subject testing is advantageous as it provides realistic injury responses, it is expensive, highly variable and does not collect internal loading data. Anthropomorphic Test Devices, however, collect load data and are easily used in industry. A biofidelic foot is essential for correctly transmitting load to the tibia where lower leg injury risk is assessed. This study combined Post-Mortem Human Subject feet with an Anthropomorphic Test Device tibia to examine the response of feet while collecting industry-relevant metrics. The Military Lower Extremity, six post-mortem human subject lower legs, and six adapted specimens containing the Military Lower Extremity “tibia” shaft and Post-Mortem Human Subject feet were equipped with an instrumented boot and axially impacted at 5 m/s, representing a frontal automotive collision. No significant differences were found on the plantar surface among all specimens, suggesting this may be a feasible method of evaluating foot response. Significant differences were found in the proximal tibia load cells when comparing the adapted specimens with the Military Lower Extremity, suggesting its foot is overly stiff. These data can be used for redesigning the Anthropomorphic Test Device foot, thus improving lower limb safety assessments.
Wireless channel noises and data protection

—The paper proposes an application of a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) scheme using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission for data protection. Our approach bases on the symmetric encryption and uses a natural or induced noise in a wireless channel as a random part of a secret key. The main idea for this is the sensitivity of the signal decoding model to variations of measured values. This kind of protection does not require additional computational costs and does not affect the bit rate of the channel.
Abundance, body size and biomass of arthropods in tropical forest

Samples representing 32 624 arthropods were collected using standard sampling methods from five habitats in lowland rain forest (canopy, tree trunks, low herb layer, leaf litter and soil) in Seram, Indonesia. The relationships between arthropod abundance (number of individuals), body size, and biomass are described for these five habitats, for the predicted arthropod fauna of a hectare of forest, and for different trophic groups. The results are similar for all five habitats; abundance decreases and biomass increases with body size. Broadly similar principles apply for herbivores, decomposers and predators but not for «tourists». Thus the «equal biomass hypothesis», which predicts roughly constant biomass across logarithmic size classes, is rejected
Population Demography of Antarctic Fur Seals: The Costs of Reproduction and Implications for Life-Histories

1. This study examined the costs of reproduction in terms of future survival and reproduction in female Antarctic fur seals from Bird Island, South Georgia. It used mark-recapture data from 11 consecutive years, including 3 years when several indices showed that food availability was well below average. 2. Population age structures were used, in conjunction with the measured age-specific survival rates, to estimate the rate of increase of the population as 10.7% per annum. 3. The average annual survival rate was 0.83 (SD = 0.10) with a range from 0.65 to 0.93. Survival rate showed no trend through time but was weakly correlated with pup growth rate, suggesting that it may be influenced by availability of food. Survival rate was unrelated to any other environmental or demographic parameter including population size. 4. There was no evidence of senescence. Survival rate was not related to year of birth or age, after accounting for variation due to pregnancy and calendar year. Survival was reduced as a result of pregnancy which accounted for 40-50% of adult female mortality. This effect was greatest in the age classes with the highest reproductive output (ages 5-8 years). 5. Mean pregnancy rate was 0.70 (SD = 0.11) with an interannual range of 0.59-0.88. Although females normally produced their first pups at age 3-4 years, pregnancy rate peaked at age 8 years and declined thereafter. Otherwise pregnancy rate was unrelated to the environmental or demographic variables we tested. Food availability during the pup-rearing period had no effect on pregnancy rate. 40-50% of failures to become pregnant related to animals having been pregnant in the previous year. 6. Reproduction incurs costs to females, in terms of reduced survival and future fecundity, and consequently, on average, females which survive longest tend to do so because they have lower fecundity.
Review on the Extraction of Flavonoids from Fern

Fern contains not only flavonoids but also other ingredients such as steroids,alkaloids,phenols,triterpenoid compounds as well as ferns tannin,varieties of amino acids,fatty acids,etc.Reviewing on the process of extraction of flavonoids from fern provides the foundation for the exploitation and utilization of fern flavonoids and fern medicine.
Purification and Characterization of Oxalate Oxidase from Pseudomonas sp. OX-53

Oxalate oxidase (EC 1.2.3.4) was purified to apparent homogeneity from Pseudomonas sp. OX-53. The molecular weight of the enzyme was about 320,000 by Sephadex G-200 column chromatography and 38,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate disc electrophoresis. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was pH 4.7 by isoelectric focusing. This enzyme contained 1.12 atoms of manganese and 0.36 atoms of zinc per subunit. Besides oxalic acid, the enzyme oxidized glyoxylic acid and malic acid at lower reaction rates. The Michaelis constant of the enzyme was 9.5 mM for oxalic acid at the optimal pH 4.8. The enzyme was stable from pH 5.5 to 7.0. The enzyme was activated by flavins, phenylhydrazine, and o-phenylenediamine, and inhibited by I–, Br–, semicarbazide, and hydroxylamine.
Fuel treatment effectiveness Memo from the Forest Stewards Guild, Dr. Zander Evans The scientific consensus highlights the ability of fuel reduction treatments to change fire behavior. Modeling provides one avenue for testing the effectiveness of fuel treatments (Finney

The scientific consensus highlights the ability of fuel reduction treatments to change fire behavior. Modeling provides one avenue for testing the effectiveness of fuel treatments (Finney et al., 2007; Johnson et al., 2011; Loudermilk et al., 2014; Mason et al., 2007; Mitchell et al., 2009; Moghaddas et al., 2010; Stephens and Moghaddas, 2005; Vaillant et al., 2009). Fuel treatments have also been tested by wildfire and proved to reduce severity (Cochrane et al., 2012; Dailey et al., 2008; Pollet and Omi, 2002; Prichard et al., 2010; Prichard and Kennedy, 2012; Safford et al., 2012; Stevens-Rumann et al., 2013; Wimberly et al., 2009), even under extreme conditions (Prichard and Kennedy, 2013). Fuel breaks, as opposed to thinning, have been shown to be effective when they facilitate access for firefighting (Syphard et al., 2011). Thinning without treating the slash produced by the thinning can result in fire behavior that is more extreme than in untreated areas (Evans and Wright, 2017; Innes et al., 2006; Stephens, 1998). Treatments that include both thinning and surface fuel reduction are the most effective at moderating wildfire behavior (Collins et al., 2013; Evans et al., 2011; Huffman et al., 2009; Martinson and Omi, 2013). A recent meta-analysis of 56 studies of fuel treatment effectiveness in eight states in the western US showed general agreement that thin + burn treatments had positive effects in terms of reducing fire severity, tree mortality, and crown scorch (Kalies and Yocom Kent, 2016).