Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transition metal complexes with strong absorption of visible light and long-lived triplet excited states: from molecular design to applications

Transition metal complexes of Ru(II), Pt(II) and Ir(III) with strong absorption of visible light and long-lived T1 excited states were summarized. A design rationale of these complexes, i.e. direct metalation of organic chromophore, was proposed. Alternatively an organic chromophore can be dangled on the peripheral moiety of the coordination center. In both cases the long-lived intraligand triplet excited state (3IL) can be accessed. However, the 3IL excited state is usually emissive for the former case and it is very often non-emissive for the latter case. Two methods used for study of the long-lived triplet excited state, i.e. the time-resolved transient difference absorption spectroscopy and the spin density analysis, are briefly introduced. Preliminary applications of the complexes in luminescent O2 sensing and triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) upconversions were discussed.
Effects of Surfactant Composition and Concentration on Shape, Size and Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Nanoparticles

Various shapes and sizes, including spherical, cubic nanoparticles and hexagonal nanorods with the dimensions of 50-500nm, of TiO2 were prepared through hydrolysis of titanium butoxide in sol-gel method with the introduction of different surfactant composition and concentrations during preparation. Prepared TiO2 nanoparticles were studied for photocatalytic decomposition of methyl orange (MO) in fixed film batch reactors. The results showed that shape, size and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 depend not only on surfactant composition but also on surfactant concentration. Photocatalytic decomposition of MO followed the first order kinetic reaction. The analysis of reaction rate constants showed that the shape is more important than the size in determining the photocatalytic activity of shape- and size-controlled TiO2 nanoparticles. TiO2 nanorods had higher photocatalytic activities than spherical and cubic TiO2 nanoparticles.
Dissipation of the triketone mesotrione herbicide in the soil of corn crops grown on different soil types

The new triketone herbicide mesotrione corresponds to the older sulcotrione in which the 2‐chloro benzoyl substituent is replaced by a nitro group, generating an herbicide of greater efficiency and a broader spectrum of activity. Mesotrione has been applied within the same 15 days period pre‐emergence at the rate of 150gha‐1 to four corn crops made at different sites located 40 km apart in Belgium and of soils of different textures, but similar pH and organic matter (old humus) contents. The mesotrione soil half‐life in the 0–10 cm surface soil layer (which contained more than 90% of the residue) was 50 days in loam soil (at Zarlardinge), 41 days in sandy loam soil (at Melle) and in clay soil (at Koksijde), and 34 days in sandy soil (at Zingem). The cumulative effects of the recent organic fertilizer treatments and of the soil texture could explain the differences between the soil half‐lives. The time for the 90% dissipation of mesotrione was between 3.6 (in the sandy soil) to 4.7 months (in the sandy loam, loam and clay soils). The low mesotrione soil residues remaining after the corn harvest should disappear with the usual heavy rains in autumn, and the tilling which precedes the following crop and dilutes the mesotrione soil residue. These low mesotrione soil residues thus should have no phytotoxicity toward the following crop, especially at the lower application dose of 100 g mesotrione ha‐1 used in practice.
Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of elements in fly ash samples

Abstract A five-stage sequential leaching procedure, developed in this work, was successfully applied to fly ash samples collected at several emission sources. The solvent leaching experiments, together with solid phase examinations carried out by X-ray powder diffraction, provide information on the possible environmental impact of particle-associated pollutants. The partitioning of particulate metals was achieved for Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, and V into various fractions: (1) exchangeable, (2) bound to carbonate, (3) bound to Fe/Mn oxides, (4) bound to sulfide compounds, and (5) residual fraction. The concentration of the metals in the leaching solutions was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The solid residues of the fractions were analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction. The leachabilities of the metals proved to be different, so various distribution patterns have been achieved. It was found that the difference in the partitioning depends considerably on the properties of the raw material and the operation conditions. It is emphasized that fly ash samples collected at different sources should be individually investigated.
White light-emitting devices based on the combined emission from red CdSe/ZnS quantum dots, green phosphorescent, and blue fluorescent organic molecules

We report on a white hybrid light-emitting device realized by combining red emission from CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs), green emission from a phosphorescent organic complex tris[2-4(4-toltyl)phenylpyridine]iridium [Ir(mppy)3], and blue emission from a fluorescent organic emitter 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(2,2-diphenylvinyl)spiro-9,9′-bifluorene. Energy transfer processes from the organic components to the QDs have been analyzed versus the Ir(mppy)3 concentration in order to optimize the device performances. A maximum external quantum efficiency of 2.1%, corresponding to a power efficiency of 2.2 lm/W at 13 mA/cm2, and a color rendering index of 89.8 at 10 200 cd/m2 were achieved.
Des arômes qu'il vaut mieux ne pas trop inhaler

Certains aromes utilises dans des processus de fabrication de produits cerealiers pour donner un gout « beurre » et « creme » peuvent entrainer chez les professionnels qui les inhalent au long cours des maladies respiratoires severes. Des mesures de prevention et un suivi respiratoire des salaries exposes sont conseilles, ainsi que les entreprises francaises potentiellement concernees, ainsi que leurs services de sante au travail, sont appeles a la vigilance.
Gestión municipal y calidad del servicio público de Tingo María

Objective. To analyze the way in which municipal administration is related to the quality of public service in Provincial Municipality of Tingo Maria, 2019. Methods. The research level was relational, while the nonexperimental design was cross-sectional. An opinion questionnaire was applied to know the behavior of the study variables in the users of said municipality. Results. The evaluation of municipal administration yielded a result of 35% "fair", 23% "good", 18% "excellent", 17% "bad" and 8% "lousy". For its part, the quality of the public service yielded a result of 31% "fair", 25% "good", 20% "bad", 14% "terrible" and 11% "excellent". Regarding Pearson's correlation, a value of 0.575 was obtained and the signifcance of p ≤ 0.000; demonstrating relationship between municipal administration and the quality of public service. Likewise, the results in the specifc hypotheses were: in the frst hypothesis, Pearson correlation of 0.488and the signifcance of p ≤ 0.000 were contrasted. In the second hypothesis, a Pearson correlation of 0.542 and a signifcance of p ≤ 0.000 were corroborated. Conclusion. There is a signifcant relationship between municipal administration and the quality of public service in the Provincial Municipality of Leoncio Prado.
Catalytic graphitization and Ohmic contact formation on 4H–SiC

Electrical contact properties and graphitic structures of metal/carbon/4H–SiC structures are investigated. Metals studied include Ni, Co, Cr, NiCr, Ti, W, Mo, Al, and Au. Ohmic contacts are formed on Ni/C, Co/C, Cr/C, and NiCr/C films on 4H–SiC with n-type, C-face, and a doping concentration of 1.8×1019 cm−3 . Only Ni/C and Co/C films exhibit Ohmic contact behavior on SiC with n-type, Si-face, and a doping concentration of 1.6×1018 cm−3. Ni and Co are well known as excellent graphitization catalysts. Raman spectra show that the formation of graphitic carbon is related to the formation of Ohmic contacts in the annealed metal/carbon/SiC structures. Generally accepted catalytic graphitization mechanisms are applied to explain the scanning electron microscopy images, which demonstrate a relationship between the catalytically reacted morphology and Ohmic contact behavior. This study provides evidence that the metals with better catalytic graphitization activities form better Ohmic contacts on metal/carbon/SiC .
Beugung im inhomogenen Primärstrahlwellenfeld. III. Amplituden- und Phasenbestimmung bei unperiodischen Objekten

The principles established for periodic objects in parts I and II are extended to non-periodic objects. The basis for the extension lies in the possibility of introducing a virtual lattice, which can be treated as in parts I and II when working with a primary wave field that has zero amplitude outside a given spatial region. Thus it becomes possible to form an image without the use of a lens in a manner similar to holography but based on different principles. A reference wave (as used in holography) is not required. The new principle can be applied in a number of variations, some of which are discussed.
Anisotropy-induced depinning in the Zn-substituted skyrmion host 
Cu2OSeO3

Magnetic skyrmions are nanosized topological spin textures stabilized by a delicate balance of magnetic energy terms. The chemical substitution of the underlying crystal structure of skyrmion-hosting materials offers a route to manipulate these energy contributions but also introduces additional effects such as disorder and pinning. While the effects of doping and disorder have been well studied in B20 metallic materials such as ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Co}}_{x}\mathrm{Si}$ and ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{x}\mathrm{Si}$, the consequences of chemical substitution in the magnetoelectric insulator ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{Se}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ have not been fully explored. In this work we utilize a combination of AC magnetometry and small-angle neutron scattering to investigate the magnetic phase transition dynamics in pristine and Zn-substituted ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{Se}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. The results demonstrate that the first-order helical-conical phase transition exhibits two thermally separated behavioral regimes: at high temperatures, the helical and conical domains transform by large-scale, continuous rotations, while at low temperatures, the two phases coexist. Remarkably, the effects of pinning in the substituted sample are less prevalent at low temperatures compared to high temperatures, despite the reduction of available thermal activation energy. We attribute this behavior to the large, temperature-dependent, cubic anisotropy unique to ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{Se}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, which becomes strong enough to overcome the pinning energy at low temperatures. Consideration and further exploration of these effects will be crucial when engineering skyrmion materials towards future applications.
Highly selective V-P-O/γ-Al2O3 catalysts in the ammoxidation of toluene to benzonitrile

γ-Al2O3-supported vanadium phosphorus oxide catalysts prepared by solid-solid wetting for the first time are highly active and selective for the ammoxidation of toluene to benzonitrile at 400 °C and the ammonia uptake of the catalysts correlates directly with their ammoxidation activity.
An electron spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction study of nickel oxide/alumina and nickel-oxide-tungsten trioxide/alumina catalysts

A series of NiO-WO/sub 3//Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ catalysts were studied by UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Both the metal content and the temperature of calcination of the catalysts were varied over a wide range. It was found that W is present as a W/sup 6 +/ surface phase regardless of the temperature of calcination and W content. In NiO/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ samples several Ni/sup 2 +/ species were detected: an octahedral species located at the surface and both an octahedral and a tetrahedral species located in the Al/sub 7/O/sub 3/ support. In NiO-WO/sub 3//Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ samples a different octahedral Ni species was also found, in which Ni is present in a mixed phase containing Ni, W, Al, and O. The Ni content has some influence on the speciation of Ni, but the temperature of calcination is the major factor which determines the location and the coordination of Ni. Calcination below 775 K results in catalysts which contain only octahedral Ni at the surface. At higher temperatures diffusion of Ni into the support is detected by XRD, and at 1175 K an equilibrium distribution throughout the support particles is established. In the support most of themore » Ni is tetrahedrally coordinated, and above 925 K the distribution of Ni over tetrahedral and octahedral sites is hardly affected by a change in calcination temperature or Ni content. A model is presented which can quantitatively describe the diffusion process using independently determined parameters. It is concluded that Ni diffusion into the support is negligible under hydrodesulfurization (HDS) reaction conditions, which stresses the importance of the structure of the oxidic precursor for the structure and HDS activity of sulfided catalysts. « less
An Improved Method for Site‐Specific End Modification of Zeolite L for the Formation of Zeolite L and Gold Nanoparticle Self‐Assembled Structures

The ability to site‐selectively modify micro‐ and nanosized particles has allowed for directed self‐assembly in two and three dimensions. Site‐selective modification of particles can be a complicated task requiring the pre‐organization of particles or enhanced particle fabrication methods. The aluminum silicate, zeolite L has been reported to undergo site‐specific modification at the zeolite channel entrances, post‐fabrication in a solution‐based method. The process by which the channel entrances are site selectively modified is explored here. The preliminary step of charging the zeolite channels with aqueous acid allows for catalysis of covalent bond formation at the channel entrances. Three new end‐specific modification reagents are described based on silanol and silyl ether functional groups. These reagents are purified by column chromatography and characterized by1H NMR spectroscopy and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS); they provide for reliable end modification of zeolites L. Preferential reactivity at the channel entrances is also observed. The utility of the approach is demonstrated by modifying zeolite L with adamantane at the channel entrances. Site‐specific self‐assembly with β‐cyclodextrin coated gold nanoparticles can be triggered with a chemical stimulus. The resulting multivalent host‐guest interactions give gold clustered nanoparticles at the ends of the micrometer‐sized zeolites.
Five New Aromatic Glycosides from Carthamus tinctorius

Five new aromatic glycosides, 1–5, named as carthamosides B4–B8, together with three known compounds, 4′-(hydroxyphenacyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), benzyl-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(16)-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), and 4-(methoxybenzyl)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), have been isolated from the air-dried flower of Carthamus tinctorius. Their structures were identified on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic methods.
PREVALENCE OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG NEONATES DELIVERED AT DUTSE GENERAL HOSPITAL, JIGAWA STATE

Birth weight is a significant factor which determines the vulnerability of the child towards developing risks of childhood illness and threat to childhood survival; deviations from normal child birth weight is a significant public health problem globally which is associated with a range of both short- and long-term consequences. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of low birth weight and associated factors among neonates delivered at Dutse General Hospital in Jigawa State. An institutional based retrospective cross sectional study design was used to conduct the study using checklist as the research instrument. A total of 1420 deliveries were recorded during the period of study. Data collected were organized and analysed with SPSS version 20 and results were presented using frequency distribution tables and percentages, mean and standard deviation. The result revealed the prevalence of 13.9% for low birth weight. Maternal age less than 20 years, maternal residence in the rural areas, premature birth, high parity and female infant were associated factors of low birth weight in the Dutse General Hospital. It is recommended that more emphasis should be on antenatal care services to ensure risk of low birth weight is detected early and treated appropriately to improve birth outcomes.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HEAVY METALS IN PLANT AND SOIL OF SOME SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANT

Essential heavy metals like Iron, Nickel, Manganese, Zinc, Copper, Cobalt and non-essential like Cadmium, Lead, and Chromium were analyzed in five selected medicinal plants (Newbouldia leaveis, Chromolaena odorata, Chrysophyllum albidum, Azadirachta indica and Morinda lucida) as well as the soil of each medicinal plants for their metal ion concentration using atomic absorption spectrophotometeric method (AAS). The concentration level of heavy metals in the selected plants were found in the order of Fe (829mg/kg) > Mn (531 mg/kg) > Zn (111 mg/kg) > Pb (88 mg/kg) > Cu (36.5 mg/kg) > Co (15 mg/kg) > Ni (15 mg/kg) > Cr (12 mg/kg) > Cd (9mg/kg). The concentrations found in the soil are in the order; Fe (2167.5 mg/kg) > Mn (1380 mg/kg) > Cr (445 mg/kg) > Pb (207 mg/kg) > Ni (197.5 mg/kg) > Co (188.75 mg/kg) > Zn (141.25 mg/kg) > Cu (81.25 mg/kg)> Cd (12.5 mg/kg). Iron, Cobalt, Cadmium and Nickel were found above the permissible limit in both plant and soil samples. The concentration of Cu (1.0 mg/kg) Pb (1.0 mg/kg) and Cr (0.5 mg/kg) were found to be below the permissible limit in Morinda lucida plant. Other metals below the permissible limits include Zn (12.5 mg/kg) in the plant of Chromolaena odorata and (26.5mg/kg) in Chrysophyllum albidium. Mn was also found to be (113.5mg/kg) in Newbouldia leaveis and (1.0mg/kg) in Morinda lucida plant respectively.
Rotationally resolved spectroscopy of a librational fundamental band of hydrogen fluoride tetramer

The rotationally resolved spectrum of a fundamental band of hydrogen fluoride tetramer has been recorded using a pulsed slit-jet, diode laser spectrometer. The band has a parallel rotational structure and is assigned as the H–F out-of-plane libration fundamental with Au symmetry. Ninety-five ground state combination differences were fit to a symmetric top Hamiltonian to give the following ground state rotational constants: B″=0.132 081(7) cm−1, DJ″=7.1(7)×10−7 cm−1, DJK″=−9(2)×10−7 cm−1, HJJJ″=6(2)×10−10 cm−1, HJJK″=9(7)×10−10 cm−1, HJKK″=−1.3(8)×10−10 cm−1. A total of 190 transitions were fit to determine the upper state spectroscopic constants: v4=714.7849(1) cm−1, B′=0.129 634(5) cm−1, Δ(C−B)=0.001 344 cm−1, DJ′=6.4(5)×10−7 cm−1, DJK′=−4.5(6)×10−7 cm−1, ΔDK=2.92(8)×10−6 cm−1, HJJJ′=3(1)×10−10 cm−1, HJKK′=−1.55(6)×10−8 cm−1; ΔHKKK=−4.65(6)×10−8 cm−1. Furthermore, a perpendicular band centered at 752.7 cm−1 was observed. The band has a rotational line spacing that gives an approximate B″ value of 0.132 c.
On the joint effect of endogenous spatial attention and defocus blur on acuity: attentional limit to the resolving power of the eye

Defocus blur and spatial attention both act on our ability to see clearly over time. However, it is currently unknown how these two factors interact because studies on acuity resolution only focused on the separate effects of attention and defocus blurs. In this study, resolution acuity was measured along the diagonal 135{degrees}/315{degrees} with horizontal, at 8{degrees} eccentricity for clear and blur Landolt C images under various manipulations of covert endogenous attention. We observe that attention not just improves the resolution of clear stimuli, but also modulates the resolution of defocused stimuli for compensating the loss of resolution caused by retinal blur. Our results show, however, that as the degree of attention decreases, the differences between clear and blurred images largely diminish, thus limiting the benefit of an image quality enhancement. It also appeared that attention tends to enhance the resolution of clear images more than blurred targets, suggesting potential variations in the gain of vision correction with the level of attention. This demonstrates that the interaction between spatial attention and focus plays a role in the way we see things. In view of these findings, the development of adaptive (neuro-optical) interventions, which adjust the eyes focus to attention, may hold promise. Significance statementVisual technologies are now attaining a degree of extreme sophistication and diversity, which allows more comprehensive, but often complex manipulations of the optical image formed onto the back of the eye. It is therefore an enigma how those fine and immersive manipulations of the sensory environment are integrated in the brain. In this study, we show that the resolving power of the eye can depend complexly on the interaction between spatial attention and focus. This discovery suggests that perception might be advantageously guided by technologies tailoring optical focus to individual attentional patterns.
Constraining Crustal Properties With Bayesian Joint Inversion of Vertical and Radial Teleseismic P‐Wave Coda Autocorrelations

The sensitivity of seismic compressional and shear waves and their velocity ratios to rock lithology, pore fluids, and high‐temperature materials makes these parameters very useful for constraining the physical state of the crust. In this study, we develop a joint inversion approach utilizing both radial and vertical components’ autocorrelations of teleseismic P‐wave coda for imaging the crust by simultaneously characterizing the crustal Vp , Vs , and Vp/Vs ratio. Autocorrelations of the radial and vertical components contain P and S waves that are reflected from the subsurface. Therefore, joint inversion of them can account for the variations of both Vp and Vs , and consequently, the Vp/Vs ratio. Synthetic inversions show significant improvement in the estimation of these parameters compared to those from the inversion of either, P receiver functions or the autocorrelation of the vertical component. The velocity models inferred from the application of the approach to teleseismic data recorded along a north‐south passive seismic profile (BILBY experiment) in central Australia reveal a distinct pattern of the Moho and the Vp/Vs variations across the crustal blocks/domains. The general trend of the Moho structure corresponds well with the change of the reflectivity that can normally be seen at the base of the crust and also with the Moho estimated from previous studies including the deep seismic reflection profiling method. The Vp/Vs structure at depths greater than 10 km shows dominant high values beneath locations where the crustal domains interact (e.g., at transition from one domain to another).