Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quotas and Descriptive Representation

The paper focuses on descriptive representation, which is a fundamental theoretical concept underpinning the introduction of gender quotas. The main question I consider in the paper is how to overcome the essentialism of descriptive representation. I consider the essentialist line of reasoning as unsustainable because it pays little attention to differences among women. I claim that a possible and desirable solution is based on the concept of gender as seriality by Iris Marion Young. Although women do not constitute a homogenous group, it is meaningful to talk about women as a group in some sense, specifically as a social collective. In this connection, I highlight the advantages of gender as seriality. Firstly and most importantly, it overcomes the essentialism of descriptive representation. Secondly, the concept of gender as seriality enables us to identify the barriers faced by women in politics. Finally, it highlights why quotas are legitimate tools that can be used to increase women’s political representation. Keywords: gender, politics, representation, quotas, women. Gender quotas have recently been introduced in a large number of countries around the world to improve women’s representation in politics (Dahlerup, 2006, Krook 2009). There has been discussion in political theory on whether quotas are a legitimate tool for increasing women’s political participation (Bacchi, 2006; Dahlerup, 1988). One of the theoretical concepts used in favor of quotas in this discussion is descriptive representation, which holds that political representatives 1 This paper was written as part of a project, “Under-representation of women in politics and delegitimization of greater political participation of women in connection with female politicians' failures”, conducted at the Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague funded by Specific Higher Education Research for the year 2015. 2 In autumn 2014 a bill was being drafted on introducing quotas in the Czech Republic. The aim of the bill is to change the way the candidate lists of political parties are drawn up. The bill is being put forward by the Ministry of Interior and Minister for Human Rights, Equal Opportunities and Legislation Jiří Dienstbier, who initiated the bill. The bill sets out the way in which ballot papers will be drawn up in order to reflect gender composition – the first names on the list should represent both sexes and then for every three subsequent names at least one of each sex must be represented. These legislative changes would apply to elections to the Chamber of Deputies and to regional elections. By way of illustration, currently, women constitute only 19.5 % of the Czech Chamber of Deputies. In the Senate there are even fewer women – 18.5 %. (Inter-Parliamentary Union, 2014)
Interference Alignment for Cognitive Radio Communications and Networks: A Survey

Interference alignment (IA) is an innovative wireless transmission strategy that has shown to be a promising technique for achieving optimal capacity scaling of a multiuser interference channel at asymptotically high-signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Transmitters exploit the availability of multiple signaling dimensions in order to align their mutual interference at the receivers. Most of the research has focused on developing algorithms for determining alignment solutions as well as proving interference alignment’s theoretical ability to achieve the maximum degrees of freedom in a wireless network. Cognitive radio, on the other hand, is a technique used to improve the utilization of the radio spectrum by opportunistically sensing and accessing unused licensed frequency spectrum, without causing harmful interference to the licensed users. With the increased deployment of wireless services, the possibility of detecting unused frequency spectrum becomes diminished. Thus, the concept of introducing interference alignment in cognitive radio has become a very attractive proposition. This paper provides a survey of the implementation of IA in cognitive radio under the main research paradigms, along with a summary and analysis of results under each system model.
High-Frequency Bidirectional Resonant Converter for High Conversion Ratio and Variable Load Operation

Applying RF circuit design techniques to dc-dc resonant converters has enabled switching frequencies well beyond 10 MHz, leading to higher power densities and faster transient response. Synchronous rectification is advantageous for lowvoltage high-power applications but is challenging to implement in a high-frequency dc-dc converter. This paper proposes an HF/VHF resonant converter structure in which the rectifier and the inverter switches can be driven with the same gate signal. The presented structure enables efficient bidirectional power delivery in the HF/VHF range for applications that require a large voltage conversion ratio. A 64 MHz, 12 W, 36 V-to-12 V prototype converter verifies the operation of the structure. This paper further explores an interleaved architecture of the same circuit to improve efficiency and transient performance. Lastly, a 13.56 MHz 210 V-to-30 V prototype converter with 90 % peak efficiency at 200 W demonstrates the advantages of the interleaved architecture.
Lower Bounds to Error Probability for Coding on Discrete Mernoryless Channels

New lower bounds are presented for the minimum error probability that can be achieved through the use of block coding on noisy discrete memoryless channels. Like previous upper bounds, these lower bounds decrease exponentially with the block length N. The coefficient of N in the exponent is a convex function of the rate. From a certain rate of transmission up to channel capacity, the exponents of the upper and lower bounds coincide. Below this particular rate, the exponents of the upper and lower bounds differ, although they approach the same limit as the rate approaches zero. Examples are given and various incidental results and techniques relating to coding theory are developed. The paper is presented in two parts: the first, appearing here, summarizes the major results and treats the case of high transmission rates in detail; the second, to appear in the subsequent issue, treats the case of low transmission rates.
In AAAI Fall Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Human-Robot Interaction for Service Robots in Human Environments

RoboCup@Home is an international robotics competition based on domestic tasks requiring autonomous capabilities pertaining to a large variety of AI technologies. Research challenges are motivated by these tasks both at the level of individual technologies and the integration of subsystems into a fully functional, robustly autonomous system. We describe the progress made by the UT Austin Villa 2019 RoboCup@Home team which represents a significant step forward in AI-based HRI due to the breadth of tasks accomplished within a unified system. Presented are the competition tasks, component technologies they rely on, our initial approaches both to the components and their integration, and directions for future research.
Global Optimization of Microwave Filters Based on a Surrogate Model-Assisted Evolutionary Algorithm

Local optimization is a routine approach for fullwave optimization of microwave filters. For filter optimization problems with numerous local optima or where the initial design is not near to the optimal region, the success rate of the routine method may not be high. Traditional global optimization techniques have a high success rate for such problems, but are often prohibitively computationally expensive considering the cost of full-wave electromagnetic simulations. To address the above challenge, a new method, called surrogate model-assisted evolutionary algorithm for filter optimization (SMEAFO), is proposed. In SMEAFO, considering the characteristics of filter design landscapes, Gaussian process surrogate modeling, differential evolution operators, and Gaussian local search are organized in a particular way to balance the exploration ability and the surrogate model quality, so as to obtain high-quality results in an efficient manner. The performance of SMEAFO is demonstrated by two real-world design cases (a waveguide filter and a microstrip filter), which do not appear to be solvable by popular local optimization techniques. Experiments show that SMEAFO obtains high-quality designs comparable with global optimization techniques but within a reasonable amount of time. Moreover, SMEAFO is not restricted by certain types of filters or responses. The SMEAFO-based filter design optimization tool can be downloaded from http://fde.cadescenter. com.
Low-Cost Acoustic Sensor Array for Building Geometry Mapping using Echolocation for Real-Time Building Model Creation

Validation of result accuracy for indoor environment modeling and simulation usually requires high-quality data collected by expensive sensors and human operators. This becomes a problem when dealing with building retrofits, specifically when obtaining building geometry for later use in airflow, envelope, or human-building interaction simulations. Thus, we developed a low-cost acoustic sensor array (less than $70) to automatically detect and map building geometry using echolocation. Our focus of this research is to allow building modelers to obtain geometric as well as spatial information of existing buildings. The underlying hardware uses the Open Source Computer Vision Library which allows multi-core processing and enables hardware acceleration of the underlying heterogeneous compute platform, allowing us to perform distributive calculation among multiple devices. Likewise, this is useful when clustering devices for aggregate data collection for use in large mapping projects. Overall, this study proposes a prototype for future work in this field.
Se p 20 19 X-ray Absorption Linear Dichroism at the Ti K-edge of anatase TiO 2 single crystal

T. C. Rossi, D. Grolimund, M. Nachtegaal, O. Cannelli, G. F. Mancini, C. Bacellar, D. Kinschel, J. R. Rouxel, N. Ohannessian, D. Pergolesi, T. Lippert, M. Chergui Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne SB-ISIC, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Station 6, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland Laboratory for Femtochemistry MicroXAS beamline project, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, CH-5232, Switzerland Bioenergy and Catalysis Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, CH-5232, Switzerland Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, CH-5232, Switzerland Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, CH-5232, Switzerland Laboratory for Multiscale Materials Experiments, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, CH-5232, Switzerland Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland (Dated: September 12, 2019)
An Advanced Probe System Designed For the GCT-Like Device Test

in recent years, with the application of power electronic techniques in power system, massive needs for high power devices occurred. Integrated Gate Commutated Thyristor (IGCT) has gained much attention in high power applications with its advantage in high blocking voltage and low conduction loss. Due to the massive quantity of segments in parallel in one single GCT chip, it is of significance to distinguish and remove the weak cells in order to achieve a better whole wafer performance. In this paper, an advanced probe system designed for GCT-like concentric device test is presented. Tested result for 4-inch device is also presented and analyzed.
A quantitative model of the e ' ect of global thunderstorms on the global distribution of ionospheric electrostatic potential

We report on an attempt to examine quantitatively (but indirectly) the classical picture of the global atmospheric electric circuit: namely, the hypothesis that electric currents 4owing from global thunderstorms up into the ionosphere (also known as Wilson currents) cause a steady charging of the ionosphere (representing the upper plate of the geocapacitor). For this purpose, we have applied an earlier numerical model of the global ionospheric electrostatic potential. This model consists of a “thin shell” ionosphere at 400 km altitude (i.e., 2D for the electric potential formulated in magnetic 9eld line coordinates) and the global computational region which includes both conjugate ionospheres as separate sub-domains. In this model we account for the interhemispheric 9eld-aligned current densities (which are taken to be equal and opposite at conjugate points) and a realistic distribution of ionospheric conductivity. As a reference, we take the electrostatic potential over the polar regions calculated from an experimental, data-based model of the high-latitude 9eld-aligned currents and then obtain the global (but non-uniform) potential distribution. To study the e'ects on the global electric circuit, we add into our global model some additional currents to simulate the e'ect of thunderstorms on this ionospheric shell. Following a quasi-realistic approach, we apply these additional thunderstorm currents over one of the three main thunderstorm active regions: Africa, Asia/Oceania, and America. We 9nd that the eastward electric 9eld in the equatorial ionosphere can be changed by ∼ 0:1 mV=m. It could be worthwhile to search for such e'ects in various ionospheric data sets. c © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Bigram Collocation Extraction of Mobile Game Comments

Mining user opinions about game attributes from comment data becomes key to both the player and the game developers. As it’s impractical to take the user score as category information for the training set, a solution based on Co-training and Pu-training is proposed to gain the training corpus for the classifier. A concept of 2-dimensional attribute lexicon and a cluster-based construction solution are proposed. A dependency tree-based comment collocation template extraction method is proposed with the training corpus and 2D attribute lexicon as knowledge base. Experiment shows comment collocations as “picture–fabulous” and “teammate–really lame”, which leads to satisfactory accuracy and recall.
ESTUDIO DE LAS CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA CANAL Y DE LA CARNE EN CABRITOS DE RAZA ‘MURCIANO–GRANADINA’

— The aim of this research was to contribute to the characterization of meat production of Murciano–Granadina goat breed. To achieve this goal we analyzed the effect of three management systems on growth, carcass quality and meat quality of 61 breed kids and their interaction with sex. The intensive with natural rearing system (hereinafter, INS) and extensive system (hereinafter, ES) kids grew faster than intensive with artificial rearing (hereinafter, IAS) animals. IAS kids displayed the lowest real dressing percentages due to the higher development of empty gastrointestinal tract. The long leg and carcass were larger in ES kids than in kids from other management systems. The carcasses and cuts from INS and ES kids displayed more fat than those of IAS kids. Males grew faster than females. Carcasses in male kids showed a higher content of bones but a lower content of fat than carcasses in female kids. ES kids displayed stronger “pink” meats than INS and IAS animals. The IAS meat displayed the lowest capacity to retain water inside the muscle. Intramuscular fat deposits from kids reared under ES showed the lowest percentage of C14:0 fatty acids and the highest percentage of C18:1 fatty acid. ES produces similar goat kid meat as INS and IAS, but with a lower atherogenicity index. Growth, carcass quality, and meat quality data were collected. Canonical discriminatory analysis and cluster analysis of the entire meat production process and its stages were performed using the rearing systems as grouping criteria. All comparisons resulted in significant differences and indicated the existence
Interplay between strong and weak measurement: comparison of three experimental approaches to weak value estimation

Weak values are traditionally obtained using a weak interaction between the measured system and a pointer state. It has, however, been pointed out that weak coupling can be replaced by a carefully tailored strong interaction. This paper provides a direct comparison of two strong interaction-based approaches (strong interaction accompanied by either a suitably prepared pointer state or quantum erasure) and the traditional weak interaction-based method. The presented theoretical derivations explicitly prove analytical equivalence of these approaches, which were subsequently certified by an experiment implemented on the platform of linear optics. We find that strong-interaction-based measurements are experimentally less demanding on this platform.
Exact and Heuristic Data Workflow Placement Algorithms for Big Data Computing in Cloud Datacenters

Several big data-driven applications are currently carried out in collaboration using distributed infrastructure. These data-driven applications usually deal with experiments at massive scale. Data generated by such experiments are huge and stored at multiple geographic locations for reuse. Workflow systems, composed of jobs using collaborative task-based models, present new dependency and data exchange needs. This gives rise to new issues when selecting distributed data and storage resources so that the execution of applications is on time, and resource usage-cost-efficient. In this paper, we present an efficient data placement approach to improve the performance of workflow processing in distributed data centres. The proposed approach involves two types of data: splittable and unsplittable intermediate data. Moreover, we place intermediate data by considering not only their source location but also their dependencies. The main objective is to minimise the total storage cost, including the effort for transferring, storing, and moving that data according to the applications needs. We first propose an exact algorithm which takes into account the intra-job dependencies, and we show that the optimal fractional intermediate data placement problem is NP-hard. To solve the problem of unsplittable intermediate data placement, we propose a greedy heuristic algorithm based on a network flow optimisation framework. The experimental results show that the performance of our approach is very promising. We also show that even with divergent conditions, the cost ratio of the heuristic approach is close to the optimal solution.
MIXED SPACEWIRE - SPACEFIBRE NETWORKS Session: SpaceWire Standardisation Long Paper

In this paper the different levels of SpaceWire and SpaceFibre are compared. The mechanisms for data segmentation and virtual channels used in SpaceFibre are explained and it is shown how traffic from standard SpaceWire links can be connected into and be transmitted via a SpaceFibre network. The requirements on mixed SpaceWire SpaceFibre networks are discussed and the intrinsic features of SpaceFibre which can be used to provide priorities are pointed out.
Strategic Voting in Quorum Rules with Information Disclosure Theory and Descriptive Evidence

The paper discusses optimal voting in quorum rules with endogenous timing of vote and information disclosure. When information is complete such rules favor voters opposing a reform, because they can manipulate outcomes by acting upon preferences in the committee. When information is incomplete and votes are unobservable to others, the ability of the opposing party to manipulate outcomes is limited. But when the timing of the vote is endogenous and participation is observable, opponents can again bias the consultation against the reform, even though no information on votes is ever disclosed. Such phenomenon can be mitigated by holding multiple consultations at once, since information on participation would no longer reveal information about preferences. Evidence from Italian referenda supports the predictions of the theory. A section explores why such rules are more susceptible to vote buying, when abstention is contractible.
Evaluating the performance and efficiency of MPPT algorithm for PV systems

Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems have an advantage of conversion sun's energy to electrical energy without regulation and lower efficiency due to I-V nonlinear characteristics that exhibits in the PV cells. Essentially, There is a need to maximize power extraction from these cells with a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques. The performance of MPPT Algorithm involves a presentation of the PV system model with a most suitable method, Perturbation and Observation (P&O). The P&O implementation is done by MATLAB simulating, which covers a PV cell connected to a controlled buck converter by MPPT algorithms. The achievement of the P&O algorithm with a higher efficiency as well as be able to fast MPP tracking at the Constant irradiation condition as well as with variable irradiation.
3 hydrodynamic force by particle j tangential-radial coupling tangential-tangential coupling flow by particle j i j

We study theoretically the collective dynamics of particles driven by an optical vortex along a circular path. Phase equations of N particles are derived by taking into account both hydrodynamic and repulsive interactions between them. For N = 2, the particles attract with each other and synchronize, forming a doublet that moves faster than a singlet. For N = 3 and 5, we find periodic rearrangement of doublets and a singlet. For N = 4 and 6, the system exhibits either a periodic oscillating state or a stable synchronized state depending on the initial conditions. These results reproduce main features of previous experimental findings. We quantitatively discuss the mechanisms governing the non-trivial collective dynamics.
Fiscal Policy , Inflation and Trade ∗

How does inflation respond to fiscal policy? This paper empirically shows in a sample of 30 European countries over 1996 2017 that reductions in government spending are deflationary, whereas increases in consumption taxes are inflationary. The first effect is weaker for consumption categories with large import shares. Contractionary fiscal policy in a country’s trading partners, however, has no impact on domestic inflation. In a second step, we rationalize this asymmetric finding in a multi-product, multi-country DSGE models calibrated to match observed product-specific bilateral trade linkages. We show that pricing-to-market strategies can account for the asymmetric effects of fiscal policy on inflation. ∗Lambertini: luisa.lambertini@epfl.ch; Proebsting: Christian.Probsting@epfl.ch †École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne ‡École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Impact of Performance Appraisal on Employee Productivity in Nigeria Breweries Plc

This research study is mainly on the “impact of performance appraisal on employee’s productivity”. This research was conducted at Nigeria Breweries plc, as a case study that would help guarantee high productivity of products and services in the organization. It also examines the promotion, motivation, placement, training and job satisfaction of employees so as to appraise the job performance in the organization. The numbers gathered were analysed with the use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Chi-Square analysis and Percentage distribution are the two techniques used in the research. The research study was time limited and also the cost involved in conducting the study and getting the project work done was correctly budgeted. The findings of the research survey discovered that objective and well planned high performance of employees productivity, retraining and consistent training are to be organized for the people involved in appraisal programme.