Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Suppression of Postprandial Blood Glucose Fluctuations by a Low-Carbohydrate, High-Protein, and High-Omega-3 Diet via Inhibition of Gluconeogenesis

Hyperglycemia significantly contributes to the development and progression of metabolic diseases. Managing postprandial blood glucose fluctuations is of particular importance for patients with hyperglycemia, but safe and effective means of reducing blood glucose levels are still lacking. Five diets with varying macronutrient ratios and omega-3 fatty acid amounts were tested for their blood glucose-lowering effects in male C57BL/6J mice. The diets with potent blood glucose-lowering effects were further investigated for their underlying mechanisms and their beneficial effects on hyperglycemia models. Mice given the low-carbohydrate, high-protein, and high-omega-3 (LCHP+3) diet exhibited a rapid reduction of the blood glucose levels that remained consistently low, regardless of feeding. These effects were associated with reduced amino acid gluconeogenesis, due to the inhibition of hepatic alanine transaminase (ALT). Furthermore, the LCHP+3 intervention was effective in reducing the blood glucose levels in several disease conditions, including type 1 diabetes mellitus, hormone-induced hyperglycemia, and diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Our findings identify the LCHP+3 diet as a potent blood glucose-lowering diet that suppresses postprandial blood glucose fluctuations through the inhibition of gluconeogenesis and may have great clinical utility for the management of metabolic diseases with hyperglycemia.
Invulnerability analysis in intelligent transportation system

In recent years, the amount of population and cars increase dramatically due to the rapid development of economy. Therefore traffic congestion becomes an urgent problem in urban transport system. Intelligent transportation systems try to solve these traffic congestion problems by utilising technologies like information, sensing, controlling and computing etc. This paper constructs a complex network of transportation system, including 73 traffic bus routes and 1,003 stations. We analyse the features of public transport system towards the view of complex network theory. The results show that our network model has most features of complex networks. Finally, we compare the robustness of transportation system under fixed attacks and random attacks. Simulation results show that it has better robustness under random attacks.
Tick-Borne Flaviviruses and the Type I Interferon Response

Flaviviruses are globally distributed pathogens causing millions of human infections every year. Flaviviruses are arthropod-borne viruses and are mainly transmitted by either ticks or mosquitoes. Mosquito-borne flaviviruses and their interactions with the innate immune response have been well-studied and reviewed extensively, thus this review will discuss tick-borne flaviviruses and their interactions with the host innate immune response.
Consumer Attention Allocation and Firm Information Design

Nowadays consumers can easily access to vast amounts of product information before making a purchase. Yet, limitations on the ability to process information force consumers to make choices regarding the subjects to which they pay more or less attention. In this paper, we study how a consumer optimally allocates attention to positive and negative information of a product and how a seller can a ect the consumer's attention allocation by choosing how much and which information to be available for the consumer to process (referred to as information design ). We nd that either a consumer engages in con rmatory search under which she searches more information that favors her prior belief or the consumer engages in discon rmatory search under which she searches more information that disfavors her prior belief. In particular, the consumer conducts more discon rmatory search when the information processing cost is low, while she conducts more con rmatory search when the cost is high. As a result, a consumer's purchase likelihood may vary with her information processing cost in a non-monotonic way. Furthermore, we show that taking into account the consumer's attention allocation decision, a seller would have a lower incentive to suppress the negative information when the consumer has a lower prior belief about product t. Besides, a higher information processing cost for the consumer would increase or decrease a seller's incentive to suppress the negative information in the environment, depending on whether the seller can adjust the product price and whether the consumer has a high or low prior belief. Finally, we nd that a seller may charge a lower or higher price with information design than without information design, depending on the consumer's information processing cost.
Autonomic Cardiac Activity Among Novice Archers During Baseline, Shooting, and Recovery.

Tok, S, Dal, N, Zekioğlu, A, Çatıkkaş, F, Balıkçı, İ, and Doğan, E. Autonomic cardiac activity among novice archers during baseline, shooting and recovery. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2018-In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether heart rate variability (HRV) of novice archers may vary during baseline, shooting, and recovery periods. In addition, we aimed to explore whether HRV may have different patterns between successful and less successful archers and man and woman archers. The sample consisted of 39 (12 woman) novice archers ranging in age from 21 to 27. Baseline HRV activity was measured in the first stage of the experiment. Then, participants shot 10 arrows, from 18 m to an 80 cm diameter target, whereas their HRV was measured. Lastly, HRV recovery response was measured immediately after shooting. HRV was represented as low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and LF/HF ratio. When considering the entire sample, repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that only HF power differed among baseline, shooting, and recovery periods [F(2, 76) = 6.90, p = 0.002, ω = 0.15]. When the data partitioned, based on the median split of the shooting scores, repeated measures of ANOVA demonstrated that none of the HRV components differed in the less successful group from baseline to recovery. However, in the successful group, both LF [F(1.47, 30.98) = 4.75, p = 0.024, ω = 0.18] and HF [F(1.54, 32.37) = 6.61, p = 0.007, ω = 0.24] power significantly differed among baseline, shooting, and recovery. No differences were found between man and woman archers in terms of HRV indices. The results of the present study indicated that physical activities requiring the use of perceptual motor skills, in addition to physical qualities, may lead to different HRV responses. Moreover, coaches aiming to develop archers' shooting accuracy may take into account LF power measured during an arrow shooting session.
The argmin process of random walks, Brownian motion and Lévy processes

In this paper we investigate the argmin process of Brownian motion $B$ defined by $\alpha_t:=\sup\left\{s \in [0,1]: B_{t+s}=\min_{u \in [0,1]}B_{t+u} \right\}$ for $t \geq 0$. The argmin process $\alpha$ is stationary,with invariant measure which is arcsine distributed. We prove that $(\alpha_t; t \geq 0)$ is a Markov process with the Feller property, and provide its transition kernel $Q_t(x,\cdot)$ for $t>0$ and $x \in [0,1]$. Similar results for the argmin process of random walks and L\'evy processes are derived. We also consider Brownian extrema of a given length. We prove that these extrema form a delayed renewal process with an explicit path construction. We also give a path decomposition for Brownian motion at these extrema
Intra-and extramedullary fixation combined with vacuum sealing drainage for selective treatment of open tibial fractures : a retrospective case series

The objective of this study was to introduce a novel method of percutaneous titanium elastic nails augmented by unilateral external fixator (BioEF-TENs system) combined with vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) technique and evaluate the effects in the management of open fractures of tibia. From January 2011 to June 2013, 15 patients (11M/4F) with a mean age of 41.6 years (16-60 years) were treated with this method. According to the Anderson-Gustilo classification, there were 3 cases defined as Gustilo I, 5 as Gustilo II, 3 as Gustilo IIIA, 2 as Gustilo IIIB and 2 as Gustilo IIIC. Follow-up was done at 1, 2, 3 months postoperatively, and then at 2 months intervals, to conduct clinical and radiographic examinations. The mean follow-up period of 15 patients was 18 months. After the VSD was removed, 3 patients needed skin-grafting and 2 case needed flap coverage. The external fixator was removed with a mean time of 23.3 weeks (18-45 weeks), the average union time is 29.8 weeks (21-56 weeks). Delayed union was observed in 3 patients and there was no case with mal-union. There were 3 cases with pin track infection which were treated after external fixator removal. Superficial wound infection was existed in one patient and was cured by intravenous sensitive antibiotics and VSD. No case was observed with decrease ROM or pain of the knee. And only one patient’s ankle joint range of movement (ROM) was decreased by 20-25%. The results indicated that the BioEF-TENs system combined with VSD can achieve bone stability at one stage fixation operation, which not only avoids converting fixation but also obtains effective soft tissue protection, which is a novel technique for open fractures of tibia with certain indications and worthy for further research.
Monostotic Fibrous Dysplasia of Mandible Associated with an Impacted Tooth – A Case Report and Review of Literature

Fibrous Dysplasia (FD) is considered as a self-limiting developmental benign intramedullary bone lesion in which the normal bone architecture is modified. Progressive replacement of normal bone by excessive proliferating fibrous connective tissue is a characteristic feature of FD. Clinical presentation may vary from patient to another. It may occur at any age, usually detected in second and third years of life with no specific gender predilection. Common sites of involvement in the decreasing order are long bones, ribs, craniofacial bones, and the pelvis. The diagnosis is based on the history, clinical, typical radiological and histopathological features. This article reports a case of Monostotic FD in a 23 year old male patient involving the body of the mandible with emphasis and update on etio-pathogenesis, clinical, radiological and histopathological features.
Study on the changes in the levels of protein metabolism in Î» cyhalothrininduced hepatotoxicity in fresh water Tilapia (Oreochromis Mossambicus).

An attempt has been made to determine the deleterious effects of λ cyhalothrin-induced in fresh water tilapia (O.mossambicus) with respect to changes in the level of protein in the liver. Significant (p<0.05) elevation in the level of lipid peroxidation was observed in Group IV [pesticide+ acetone 1. 1μg/l] fishes as compared to controls. Significant (p<0.05) decline was also observed in protein content in Group IV [pesticide+ acetone 1. 1μg/l] fishes as compared to controls. The result of the present study indicated that λ cyhalothrin elevates lipid peroxidation [LPO], consequently oxidative stress also induces changes in free radical production. As a result when the free radical production overwhelms the endogenous antioxidant levels, they cause considerable cell damage and death. Depletion of protein fraction in liver tissues may have been due to their degradation and possible utilization for metabolic purposes.
Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Antiproliferative Activities of Corymbia citriodora and the Essential Oils of Eight Eucalyptus Species

Background: Essential oils (EOs) have shown antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiproliferative activity, which may, alone or in combination with other substances, potentially be used for the development of new drugs. However, their chemical variability, depending on the species, varieties, or geographical origin (among other factors) determines different bioactivities that need to be evaluated. Methods: The antioxidant activity of Corymbia citriodora and eight Eucalyptus species EOs was determined using two different methods: the scavenging ability of 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS+•) and peroxyl free radicals or oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the microorganisms Streptococcus pneumoniae (strains D39 and TIGR4), and Haemophilus influenza (strain DSM 9999). The essential oils’ minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was assessed using a microdilution method. The antiproliferative activity was determined using the THP-1 cell line (human acute monocytic leukaemia) with methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay (MTT). Results: Corymbia citriodora and Eucalyptus viminalis EOs showed the highest ABTS and peroxyl free radical scavenging capacity. Eucalyptus globulus EO showed a high potential to treat Streptococcus pneumoniae infections. Haemophilus influenzae was the respiratory pathogen that showed the highest resistance to all EOs, including tea tree EO. After 96 h of incubation, at 25 μg/mL, Eucalyptus radiata and Eucalyptus viminalis EOs showed highest cytotoxic activity against the THP-1 cell line. Conclusions: Despite their specific bioactivities, no single EO showed simultaneously good antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative activity.
Controllability and observability of 2D thermal flow in bulk storage facilities using sensitivity fields

ABSTRACT To control and observe spatially distributed thermal flow systems, the controllable field and observable field around the actuator and sensor are of interest, respectively. For spatially distributed systems, the classical systems theoretical concepts of controllability and observability are, in general, difficult to apply. In this study, sensitivity fields were used to analyse the behaviour from input to state and from initial state to output. For the analysis of controllability and observability, a large-scale, bulk storage facility with coupled thermal flow of air and agro-products was used. Analysis of this system using the classical systems theory results in controllability and observability results that are dependent on the step size of the spatially discretised system. Due to matrix multiplications, inaccurate results are calculated if the step size is too small. Our findings indicate that input-state and initial-state output sensitivity fields provide sufficient information about the controllability and observability of large coupled spatially distributed systems, using finite-dimensional state space representation with small discretisation steps.
Traumatherapien: Was haben sie gemeinsam? Trauma-focused Psychotherapies: What are the Commonalities?

Zusammenfassung: Fur die psychotherapeutische Behandlung der posttraumatischen Belastungsstorung (PTBS) haben sich verschiedene Verfahren als wirksam erwiesen. Diese unterscheiden sich in ihren Interventionsmethoden, haben aber auch wesentliche Gemeinsamkeiten. Angesichts dieser Situation stehen Kliniker haufi g vor der Frage, welche Therapieform sie auswahlen sollen und vor allem, welche Komponenten der verschiedenen Verfahren fur eine erfolgreiche Behandlung wirklich entscheidend sind. Die folgenden Elemente fi nden sich, in unterschiedlichen Auspragungen, in fast allen wirksamen Psychotherapien fur PTBS: Psychoedukation, Verbesserung von Emotionsregulation und Bewaltigungsstrategien, Exposition, kognitive Verarbeitung, Restrukturierung und/oder Bedeutungsgebung, Bearbeitung von Emotionen, sowie Reorganisation der Erinnerungen. Die zugrundeliegenden Wirkmechanismen sind noch zu wenig erforscht. Traumatherapien sollten in Zukunft spezifi scher auf bestimmte Patientenmerkmale zugeschnitten sein. Ein additiver Nutzen resilienzfordernder Massnahmen konnte bisher noch nicht gesichert werden. Schlusselworter: Trauma – Posttraumatische Belastungsstorung – Psychoedukation – Exposition – kognitive Restrukturierung
Ecological characteristics of coral patch reefs at Midway Atoll, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands

Ecological aspects of coral patch reefs were studied from 1 1 to 1 in Welles Harbor, Midway Atoll. Water temperatures varied from 1 oC in February to oC in August. Sizes of reefs studied were described by mean area (59 m ), mean volume ( m ), vertical relief (<1 m), and inter-reef isolation (100 m). Considerable temporal change in reef size occurred due to large winter swells shifting bottom sand. Six common species accounted for 70% of all individual fish visually censused over 4 years. Overall fish assemblage composition ranged from 11 to 46 fish/10 m , from to 1 species. Numerical abundance and species richness for all fish (pooled) strongly correlated with physical reef substrate characteristics of area, volume, and vertical relief during summer. Species diversity (H’) was not correlated with the substrate variables, suggesting similarity in the structure of fish communities among different sizes of patch reefs. Daily surveillance for presence of large transient taxa suggested that visits by sharks, large jacks, monk seals, sea turtles, and dolphins were infrequent. Density estimates were made for all conspicuous invertebrate megafauna during initial and final assessments. Six common taxa provided 0% of these counts; nearly half were sea urchins. Percent cover also was recorded for coral and algal species on the patch reefs. Cover by live coral was low (about %) and dominated by a few species. Mean algal cover ranged from to %. Such information on ecological characteristics of reefs may aid in understanding complex ecological processes and provides an earlier reference for current ecosystem studies.
Enhancement of astaxanthin production from Haematococcus pluvialis under autotrophic growth conditions by a sequential stress strategy

Abstract The study of microalgal culture has been growing in recent decades, because the cellular structure of microalgae has diverse highly valuable metabolites that have attract attention of numerous companies and research groups. The pigment astaxanthin is considered one of the most powerful antioxidants in nature. The microalga Haematococcus pluvialis was proposed as one of the best natural astaxanthin sources, because it can accumulate high amount of the pigment. In this work, we studied different stress treatments on H. pluvialis growth cultures as well as astaxanthin production under autotrophic growth conditions. The results showed that extending nitrogen starvation before increasing radiation intensity up to 110 μmol photons m−2 s−1 during late the palmella cell phase incremented the astaxanthin concentration up to 2.7% of dry biomass with an efficient light energy utilization during the stress stage.
Identifying neural signatures of auditory function

38 The Hearing Journal January 2015 W hen we conduct a clinical assessment, we look for an outcome that corresponds to a specific diagnosis. An assessment yields results consistent with different pathologies. For example, the audiogram can point to conditions such as otosclerosis, Meniere’s disease, presbycusis, noise-induced hearing loss, or vestibular schwannoma, depending on the type and configuration of the hearing loss. The auditory brainstem response (ABR) can be similarly informative, presenting patterns that reflect conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, auditory neuropathy, or lower or upper brainstem dysfunction. Along these lines, the auditory brainstem response to complex sounds (cABR) yields patterns of findings that are consistent with auditory expertise or impairment. These different patterns can be viewed as specific neural signatures, as defined in Nina Kraus and Trent Nicol’s chapter in the 2014 Perspectives on Auditory Research handbook, “The Cognitive Auditory System: The Role of Learning in Shaping the Biology of the Auditory System” (In: Popper AN, Fay RR, eds. Springer New York; 299-319). For example, children with language-based learning impairments have delayed neural timing and reduction of the first formant harmonics (Cereb Cortex 2009;19[11]:2699-2707; Ear Hear 2005;26[5]:424-434). Lower intertrial response consistency is also a characteristic of impaired reading ability (J Neurosci 2013;33[8]:3500-3504). Children who experience linguistic impoverishment as they grow up may also have decreased response consistency, reduced representation of the harmonics, and increased neural noise compared with children who grow up in linguistically rich environments.
Community-based parent-delivered early detection and intervention programme for infants at high risk of cerebral palsy in a low-resource country (Learning through Everyday Activities with Parents (LEAP-CP): protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Introduction Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common childhood physical disability, with 80% estimated to be in low-middle-income countries. This study aims to (1) determine the accuracy of General Movements (GMs)/Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) for detecting CP at 18 months corrected age (CA); (2) determine the effectiveness of a community-based parent-delivered early intervention for infants at high risk of CP in West Bengal, India (Learning through Everyday Activities with Parents for infants with CP; LEAP-CP). Methods This study comprises two substudies: (1) a study of the predictive validity of the GMs and HINE for detecting CP; (2) randomised, double-blinded controlled trial of a novel intervention delivered through peer trainers (Community Disability Workers, CDW) compared with health advice (15 fortnightly visits). 142 infants at high risk of CP (‘absent fidgety’ GMs; ‘high risk score’ on HINE) aged 12–40 weeks CA will be recruited to the intervention substudy, with infants randomised based on a computer-generated sequence. Researchers will be masked to group allocation, and caregivers and CDWs naïve to intervention status. Visits will include therapeutic modules (goal-directed active motor/cognitive strategies and LEAP-CP games) and parent education. Health advice is based on the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness, WHO. Infants will be evaluated at baseline, post intervention and 18 months CA. The primary hypothesis is that infants receiving LEAP-CP will have greater scaled scores on the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory—Computer Adaptive Test (mobility domain) at 18 months compared with health advice. Secondary outcomes include infant functional motor, cognitive, visual and communication development; infant growth; maternal mental health. Ethics and dissemination This study is approved through appropriate Australian and Indian ethics committees (see in text) with families providing written informed consent. Findings from this trial will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal publications and conference presentations. Trial registration number 12616000653460p; Pre-results.
Application of Continuous Culture Methods to Recombinant Protein Production in Microorganisms

Depending on the environmental conditions, cells adapt their metabolism and specific growth rate. Rearrangements occur on many different levels such as macromolecular composition, gene and protein expression, morphology and metabolic flux patterns. As the interplay of these processes also determines the output of a recombinant protein producing system, having control over specific growth rate of the culture is advantageous. Continuous culture methods were developed to grow cells in a constant environment and have been used for decades to study basic microbial physiology in a controlled and reproducible manner. Our review summarizes the uses of continuous cultures in cell physiology studies and process development, with a focus on recombinant protein-producing microorganisms.