Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Tool for the Generation of Realistic PV Profiles for Distribution Grid Simulations

The growing penetration of distributed generation based on renewable energy sources is changing the way electric distribution grids are operated. Smart monitoring, management and control are increasingly required to face the challenges brought by the transition to active distribution networks and to handle the intermittent behaviour of the renewable sources. Testing the designed automation schemes under realistic conditions is an essential step before their possible implementation on the field. For this reason, suitable tools are needed to emulate in a realistic way the operating conditions of future distribution grids. This paper presents a tool developed for the creation of realistic profiles of power generated from PV plants under different weather conditions. The tool allows emulating the intermittent behaviour of the PV generation under cloudy conditions and gives the possibility to test management algorithms through realistic simulations. In the paper, the mathematical framework at the basis of the developed tool is presented and examples of simulated PV generation are compared to real PV profiles to prove its trustworthiness.
Planck 2013 results. V. LFI calibration

We discuss the methods employed to photometrically calibrate the data acquired by the Low Frequency Instrument on Planck. Our calibration is based on the Solar Dipole, caused by motion of the Solar System with respect to the CMB rest frame, which provides a signal of a few mK with the same spectrum as the CMB anisotrophies and is visible throughout the mission. In this data release we rely on the characterization of the Solar Dipole as measured by WMAP. We also present preliminary results on the study of the Orbital Dipole, caused by the motion of the Planck spacecraft, which agree with the WMAP value of the Solar System speed to 0.2%. We compute the calibration constant for each radiometer roughly once per hour, in order to keep track of changes in the detectors' gain. Since non-idealities in the optical response of the beams proved to be important, we implemented a fast convolution algorithm which considers the full beam response in estimating the signal generated by the dipole. Moreover, in order to further reduce the impact of residual systematics due to sidelobes, we estimated time variations in the calibration constant of the 30 GHz radiometers (the ones with the most important sidelobes) using the signal of an internal reference load at 4 K instead of the CMB dipole. We estimated the accuracy of the LFI calibration following two strategies: (1) we have run a set of simulations to assess the impact of statistical errors and systematic effects in the instrument and in the calibration procedure, and (2) we have performed a number of internal consistency checks on the data. Errors in the calibration of this Planck/LFI data release are expected to be about 0.6% at 44 and 70 GHz, and 0.8% at 30 GHz.
Brewing the future : stylized facts about innovation and their confrontation with a percolation model

Innovations are known to arrive more highly clustered than if they were purely random and independent. Their distribution of importance (as measured in returns or citation rates) is highly skewed and appears to obey a power law or lognormal distribution. Technological change has been seen by many scholars as following ‘technological trajectories’ in some space of technological characteristics and being subject to ‘paradigm’ shifts from time to time. Innovations appear to arrive in clusters. Thus the innovation process is clearly more highly structured than a simple random process, but is still characterized by high unpredictability and risk. We first summarize some of these empirical observations, drawing on wellknown as well as innovative statistical measures. We then briefly review a ‘percolation’ model of the innovation process (Silverberg 2002, Silverberg and Verspagen 2002) and analyze its statistical properties on simulated data with respect to these measures. The model is able to generate similar patterns of clustering in both ‘space’ and time, highly skewed distribution ranging between a pure-Pareto in the tails to a lognormal, and structured technological trajectories.
Dietary Protein and Amino Acids in Vegetarian Diets—A Review

While animal products are rich in protein, the adequacy of dietary protein intake from vegetarian/vegan diets has long been controversial. In this review, we examine the protein and amino acid intakes from vegetarian diets followed by adults in western countries and gather information in terms of adequacy for protein and amino acids requirements, using indirect and direct data to estimate nutritional status. We point out that protein-rich foods, such as traditional legumes, nuts and seeds, are sufficient to achieve full protein adequacy in adults consuming vegetarian/vegan diets, while the question of any amino acid deficiency has been substantially overstated. Our review addresses the adequacy in changes to protein patterns in people newly transitioning to vegetarian diets. We also specifically address this in older adults, where the issues linked to the protein adequacy of vegetarian diets are more complex. This contrasts with the situation in children where there are no specific concerns regarding protein adequacy because of their very high energy requirements compared to those of protein. Given the growing shifts in recommendations from nutrition health professionals for people to transition to more plant-based, whole-food diets, additional scientific evidence-based communications confirming the protein adequacy of vegetarian and vegan diets is warranted.
Linkage of N2O emissions to the abundance of soil ammonia oxidizers and denitrifiers in purple soil under long-term fertilization

Abstract Microbial nitrification and denitrification are responsible for the majority of soil nitrous (N2O) emissions. In this study, N2O emissions were measured and the abundance of ammonium oxidizers and denitrifiers were quantified in purple soil in a long-term fertilization experiment to explore their relationships. The average N2O fluxes and abundance of the amoAgene in ammonia-oxidizing bacteria during the observed dry season were highest when treated with mixed nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (NPK) and a single N treatment (N) using NH4HCO3as the sole N source; lower values were obtained using organic manure with pig slurry and added NPK at a ratio of 40%:60% (OMNPK),organic manure with pig slurry (OM) and returning crop straw residue plus synthetic NH4HCO3fertilizer at a ratio of 15%:85% (SRNPK). The lowest N2O fluxes were observed in the treatment that used crop straw residue(SR) and in the control with no fertilizer (CK). Soil NH4+provides the substrate for nitrification generating N2O as a byproduct. The N2O flux was significantly correlated with the abundance of the amoA gene in ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (r = 0.984, p < 0.001), which was the main driver of nitrification. During the wet season, soil nitrate (NO3−) and soil organic matter (SOC) were found positively correlated with N2O emissions (r = 0.774, p = 0.041 and r = 0.827, p = 0.015, respectively). The nirS gene showed a similar trend with N2O fluxes. These results show the relationship between the abundance of soil microbes and N2O emissions and suggest that N2O emissions during the dry season were due to nitrification, whereas in wet season, denitrification might dominate N2O emission.
Alternative model extended producer responsibility waste products of fish canning industry the concept of green manufacturing and corporate social responsibility.

Canned fish waste is a serious problem that must be addressed, because it can cause environmental pollutions. Alternative approach to Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) with the concept of green manufacturing and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is an alternative solution for these problems. The method used in this study is a survey method using data analysis Partial Least Square (PLS). Variables of the study include green manufacturing, CSR, collection of recyclables, recyclables processing, and cost EPR. The results showed a significant effect relationship towards green manufacturing at collection of recyclables, CSR significantly affects the collection of recyclables and not significant effect on recyclables processing, collection of recyclables significant effect on the recyclables processing as well as the cost EPR, and the recyclables processing significant effect on the cost EPR.
Assessment of Laser Transmission Mirror Materials for ITER Edge Thomson Scattering Diagnostics

An assessment of in-vessel metallic mirror materials for the transmission of the laser beam used in the ITER edge Thomson scattering diagnostics is reported. The transient temperature increase due to the laser pulse irradiation on the laser transmission mirror is calculated by a one-dimensional heat conduction equation. Candidate mirror materials are discussed based on a comparison between the numerical calculation and current data relevant to the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT). Gold, silver, and copper are considered promising because of its high reflectivity. The LIDT is evaluated considering multi-pulse effects and used to determine the necessary size for the laser transmission mirror for the ITER edge Thomson scattering diagnostics.
From semi-orthogonal decompositions to polarized intermediate Jacobians via Jacobians of noncommutative motives

Let X and Y be complex smooth projective varieties, and D^b(X) and D^b(Y) the associated bounded derived categories of coherent sheaves. Assume the existence of a triangulated category T which is admissible both in D^b(X) as in D^b(Y). Making use of the recent theory of Jacobians of noncommutative motives, we construct out of this categorical data a morphism t of abelian varieties (up to isogeny) from the product of the intermediate algebraic Jacobians of X to the product of the intermediate algebraic Jacobians of Y. When the orthogonal complement of T in D^b(X) has a trivial Jacobian (e.g. when it is generated by exceptional objects), the morphism t is split injective. When this also holds for the orthogonal complement of T in D^b(Y), t becomes an isomorphism. Furthermore, in the case where X and Y have a single intermediate algebraic Jacobian carrying a principal polarization, we prove that the morphism t preserves this extra structure. As an application, we obtain categorical Torelli theorems, an incompatibility between two conjectures of Kuznetsov (one concerning Fourier-Mukai functors and another one concerning Fano threefolds), a new proof of a classical theorem of Clemens-Griffiths on blow-ups of threefolds, and several new results on quadric fibrations and intersection of quadrics.
COMISEF WORKING PAPERS SERIES WPS-024 07 / 12 / 2009 Bootstrap Confidence Bands for Forecast Paths

The problem of forecasting from vector autoregressive models has attracted considerable attention in the literature. The most popular non-Bayesian approaches use large sample normal theory or the bootstrap to evaluate the uncertainty associated with the forecast. The literature has concentrated on the problem of assessing the uncertainty of the prediction for a single period. This paper considers the problem of how to assess the uncertainty when the forecasts are done for a succession of periods. It describes and evaluates bootstrap method for constructing confidence bands for forecast paths. The bands are constructed from forecast paths obtained in bootstrap replications with an optimisation procedure used to find the envelope of the most concentrated paths. The method is shown to have good coverage properties in a Monte Carlo study.
forthcoming in : Econometric Reviews ( 2004 ) , 23 , 167-174 A Note on the Role of the Propensity Score for Estimating Average Treatment E ff ects

Hahn (1998) derived the semiparametric efficiency bounds for estimating the average treatment effect (ATE) and the average treatment effect on the treated (ATET). The variance of ATET depends on whether the propensity score is known or unknown. Hahn attributes this to ’dimension reduction’. In this paper an alternative explanation is given: Knowledge of the propensity score improves upon the estimation of the distribution of the confounding variables.
CONTINUUM ENHANCEMENTS IN THE ULTRAVIOLET, THE VISIBLE AND THE INFRARED DURING THE X1 FLARE ON 2014 MARCH 29

Enhanced continuum brightness is observed in many flares (“white light flares”), yet it is still unclear which processes contribute to the emission. To understand the transport of energy needed to account for this emission, we must first identify both the emission processes and the emission source regions. Possibilities include heating in the chromosphere causing optically thin or thick emission from free-bound transitions of Hydrogen, and heating of the photosphere causing enhanced H− continuum brightness. To investigate these possibilities, we combine observations from Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS), SDO/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager, and the ground-based Facility Infrared Spectrometer instrument, covering wavelengths in the far-UV, near-UV (NUV), visible, and infrared during the X1 flare SOL20140329T17:48. Fits of blackbody spectra to infrared and visible wavelengths are reasonable, yielding radiation temperatures ∼6000–6300 K. The NUV emission, formed in the upper photosphere under undisturbed conditions, exceeds these simple fits during the flare, requiring extra emission from the Balmer continuum in the chromosphere. Thus, the continuum originates from enhanced radiation from photosphere (visible-IR) and chromosphere (NUV). From the standard thick-target flare model, we calculate the energy of the nonthermal electrons observed by Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscope Imager (RHESSI) and compare it to the energy radiated by the continuum emission. We find that the energy contained in most electrons >40 keV, or alternatively, of ∼10%–20% of electrons >20 keV is sufficient to explain the extra continuum emission of ∼(4–8) × 1010 erg s−1 cm−2. Also, from the timing of the RHESSI HXR and the IRIS observations, we conclude that the NUV continuum is emitted nearly instantaneously when HXR emission is observed with a time difference of no more than 15 s.
Comparison of nursing care learning in air evacuation and transport by lecture and e-learning methods

Aims: Considering the importance of air transport and evacuation in the current era and lack of professional forces, educating specialized human power seems to be essential. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of air transport training of nurses by lecture method and e-learning on nurse's learning levels. Methods: This clinical trial was carried out in 2011 in one of Tehran selected hospitals on 60 nurses of different wards who were selected by purposive sampling method. Samples were divided into two 30-member groups and were trained by lecture and e-learning. The effect of training was measure in three levels of knowledge, apprehension and application before, immediately after training and 4 weeks later. Data were analyzed by SPSS 17 software using repeated measures ANOVA test and independent T-test. Results: The mean and standard deviation of scores in all learning levels in the lecture group before, immediately after and 4 weeks after training were respectively 12.03 ±2.822, 21.10 ±3.294 and 19.30±4.01 (p<0.001) and were 14.3 ±3.0706, 21.13 ±4.416 and 21.33 ±3.177 in the e-learning group. No significant difference was observed between the groups in the post-test, but a significant difference (p=0.03) demonstrated the effectiveness of e-learning in the recall stage. Conclusion: Due to the effectiveness of multimedia software in the recall stage and time saving, using this method in nurses' on-the-job training is highly suggested.
The Preparation of Nanostructured Hydroxyapatite in Organic Solvents for Clinical Applications

Composite materials consisting of Hydroxyapatite (HAP) nano-crystals and biocompatible polymers have been widely used in orthopedic and dental application. These composite can provide both ease of use and superior mechanical properties of polymers, osteoconductivity and bioactivity of HAP. The formation of HAP in different organic solvents and water was investigated to fabricate such composites at moderate temperatures. HAP nano-sized crystals with high degree of crystallinity were formed at room temperature by rapid addition of (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 solution into Ca(NO 3 ) 2 . 4H 2 O solution, filtration and subsequent drying at 40 oC. The effect of different organic solvents, addition mode and temperature on the characteristics of HAP was examined. The HAP powders were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The HAP crystal shape was governed by the type of solvent: fine regular spheres and rods were formed from organic solvents with lower dielectric constants while irregular particles were prepared using water with higher dielectric constant. The synthesized HAP rod crystals were between (20-100) nm length and (2-6) nm thickness. All the FTIR and XRD profiles of HAP fabricated from ethanol were in good agreement with the FTIR and XRD spectrums of commercial HAP. It is therefore feasible to fabricate HAP uniform nano-particles in organic solvents at room temperature, which would be of benefit for the fabrication of polymer-HAP composites for biomedical applications.
Breast Cancer Risk Prediction Using Ions Motion Optimization Algorithm

Breast cancer is the most common female malignancy in the world and has recently increased markedly in Taiwan. In epidemiological studies, several high-penetrance breast cancer genes, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, were discovered to increase breast cancer risk up Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) identified that influence breast cancer risk in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). This study collects 554 samples of breast cancer and non-breast cancer data, and implements a wrapper algorithm of attribute selection using ions motion optimization (IMO) to identify the SNP-SNP interaction. The experimental results have shown our proposed method has reasonable power to identify SNPs interactions for multi-locus interaction associated with a common complex multifactorial disease.
Defective cell adhesion function of solute transporter, SLC4A11, in endothelial corneal dystrophies.

Corneal endothelial cell (CEnC) loss is often associated with blinding endothelial corneal dystrophies: dominantly inherited, common (5%) Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) and recessive, rare congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED). Mutations of SLC4A11, an abundant corneal solute transporter, cause CHED and some cases of FECD. The link between defective SLC4A11 solute transport function and CEnC loss is, however, unclear. Cell adhesion assays using SLC4A11-transfected HEK293 cells and primary human CEnC revealed that SLC4A11 promotes adhesion to components of Descemet's membrane (DM), the basement membrane layer to which CEnC bind. An antibody against SLC4A11 extracellular loop 3 (EL3) suppressed cell adhesion, identifying EL3 as the DM binding site. Earlier studies showed that some SLC4A11 mutations cause FECD and CHED by impairing solute transport activity or cell surface trafficking. Without affecting these functions, FECD-causing mutations in SLC4A11-EL3 compromised cell adhesion capacity. In an energy-minimized SLC4A11-EL3 three-dimensional model, these mutations cluster and are buried within EL3 structure. A GST fusion protein of SLC4A11-EL3 interacts with principal DM protein, COL8A2, as identified by mass spectrometry. Engineered SLC4A11-EL3-containing protein, STIC (SLC4A11-EL3 Transmembrane-GPA Integrated Chimera), promotes cell adhesion in transfected HEK293 cells and primary human CEnC, confirming the cell adhesion role of EL3. Taken together, the data suggest that SLC4A11 directly binds DM to serve as a cell adhesion molecule (CAM). These data further suggest that cell adhesion defects contribute to FECD and CHED pathology. Observations with STIC point toward a new therapeutic direction in these diseases: replacement of lost cell adhesion capacity.
Efficacy ... 1 Running head : GROUP EFFICACY AND IDENTIFICATION Does Group Efficacy Increase Group Identification ? Resolving their Paradoxical Relationship Word

Although group identification and group efficacy are both important predictors of collective action against collective disadvantage, there is mixed evidence for their (causal) relationship. Meta-analytic and correlational evidence suggests an overall positive relationship that has been interpreted as consistent with the idea that group identification leads to group efficacy. However, experimental evidence has not supported this causal relationship. To resolve this paradox, we show in an experiment that it is group efficacy that leads to increased group identification because group efficacy puts individuals’ identity into action. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.
ACADEMIC INCENTIVES, RESEARCH ORGANIZATION AND PATENTING AT A LARGE FRENCH UNIVERSITY

This article presents an empirical study on the patenting activities of the faculty members of the University Louis Pasteur, a major French research university. Our findings suggest that publishing and patenting are positively related whereas academic status and patenting are not, and that university researchers are more likely to patent later in their careers. With regard to research organization, we find positive effects of the laboratory's size, of the amount of contractual funds collected by the lab and of the share these funds received from private sources.
The RB1 Story: Characterization and Cloning of the First Tumor Suppressor Gene

The RB1 gene is the first described human tumor suppressor gene and plays an integral role in the development of retinoblastoma, a pediatric malignancy of the eye. Since its discovery, the stepwise characterization and cloning of RB1 have laid the foundation for numerous advances in the understanding of tumor suppressor genes, retinoblastoma tumorigenesis, and inheritance. Knowledge of RB1 led to a paradigm shift in the field of cancer genetics, including widespread acceptance of the concept of tumor suppressor genes, and has provided crucial diagnostic and prognostic information through genetic testing for patients affected by retinoblastoma. This article reviews the long history of RB1 gene research, characterization, and cloning, and also discusses recent advances in retinoblastoma genetics that have grown out of this foundational work.