Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New concepts in nondifferentiable programming

© Mémoires de la S. M. F. , 1979, tous droits réservés. L’accès aux archives de la revue « Mémoires de la S. M. F. » (http:// smf.emath.fr/Publications/Memoires/Presentation.html) implique l’accord avec les conditions générales d’utilisation (http://www.numdam.org/legal.php). Toute utilisation commerciale ou impression systématique est constitutive d’une infraction pénale. Toute copie ou impression de ce fichier doit contenir la présente mention de copyright.
RACIAL AND ETHNIC DISPARITIES: KEY FINDINGS FROM THE NATIONAL SURVEY OF AMERICA'S FAMILIES

This brief outlines findings from the National Survey of America's Families, a survey of 44,461 households, on 7 indicators of well-being by race and ethnicity: poverty, family structure, child support, food hardship, housing hardship, health status, and health insurance coverage. For the purpose of this brief, all persons of Hispanic origin were grouped into the Hispanic category and non-Hispanics were grouped by racial category, resulting in five racial categories. Survey findings show that 70% of nonelderly persons in the United States are white, with the largest minority group, 13%, being black. The Hispanic population is almost as large as the Black population, representing 12% of the total, and this group is expected to become the largest minority by the year 2005. Asians represent 4% of the total, and Native Americans, 1%. Analysis of well-being by race and ethnicity confirms that economic and social disparities exist both within and across all racial and ethnic groups in the United States. Differences across groups remain even when looking separately at lowand higherincome families. Some differences are attributable to the fact that, within these income groupings, Blacks, Hispanics, and Native Americans have a lower average income than Whites and Asians. Still, regardless of income, race and ethnicity are strongly correlated with well-being in the United States. Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Policies designed to improve well-being must take into account variations among problems faced by ethnic groups. (SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. RACIAL AND ETHNIC DISPARITIES: KEY FINDINGS FROM THE NATIONAL SURVEY OF AMERICA'S FAMILIES Sarah Staveteig and Alyssa Wigton Series B, No. B-5, February 2000 A Product of Assessing New Federalism The Urban Institute 1 EST COPY AVAILABLE PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
The Effect of FaceAgeing in Face Recogntion

Age progression still has many challenges and affects face recognition tasks. Over the past decade, many researchers have been working on face processing system in order to tackle these challenges of face recognition gap especially in the presence of variation in the age of an individual. In this paper, we propose a new preprocessing method that can improve a face for recognition. Here we align the faces into one template and remove a background which can hold some objects that affect the recognition. In particular, in the stage of recognition, we use a convolutional neural network based architecture along with the pre-trained VGG-Face model to extract features. These features are passed into a Cosine similarity classifier classification. A thorough experimental examination of face identification is achieved on the most widely used age database which is FGNET aging with a huge age gap and different ethnicity and gender. Our experimental results on the FGNET face database illustrate that the proposed approach has the ability to outperform the present state of the art methods.
Effect of sex on prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with respect to blood pressure, BMI and WHR among Punjabi population

�The objective of the study is to assess the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on sex differences among Punjabi population. In the present cross-sectional study, a total of 400 individuals (range in age 30 to 70), constituting 203 male and 197 female individuals were recruited. All enrolling individuals were at high risk of type 2 diabetes. The present samples were selected for particular trait, therefore, this sample may be considered as non random sample with no overlapping. Almost all studied risk factors like age, age of onset, BMI, WHR, pulse rate, socioeconomic status, occupation and blood pressure phenotypes have higher correlation (p<0.001) with the occurrence of type 2 diabetes among both sexes. The males with type 2 diabetes are accompanied by more unfavourable variables such as BMI, waist circumference, WHR, SBP and DBP as compared to female type 2 diabetic individuals. Socioeconomic status, reproductive status (pre-menopause/ post-menopause) and physical activity have significant (p<0.001) impact on the occurrence of type 2 diabetes among female individuals. The multivariate regression analysis confirmed that age, BMI, WHR and socioeconomic status are significant predictor for the occurrence of type 2 diabetes among both sexes. The present multivariate analysis with respect to many environmental variables strengthen the hypothesis that alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity, food habits, physical fitness and hours spent in watching TV and sleeping are significantly associated with the occurrence of Type 2 diabetes. It is interestingly observed that the premenopausal or round about pre-menopausal age of females is more prone to develop Type 2 diabetes as compared to postmenopausal age of females.
An analysis of determinants of going concern audit opinion: Evidence from Tehran Stock Exchange

Article history: Received January 12, 2013 Received in revised format 30 May 2013 Accepted 5 June 2013 Available online June 8 2013 This paper presents an empirical investigation to find out important factors influencing exchange authorities for keeping firms on Tehran Stock Exchange. The proposed study uses logistic regression technique to study the effects of five factors including liquidity, solvability, profitability, cash flow and size of auditing firm. The results of the study show that only solvability is the most important factor according to auditing officials for extending listed firms on this exchange while the effects of other factors, liquidity, capability of meeting commitments, profitability, cash flow and size of auditing firm, are not statistically significance. © 2013 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
PHYTOPLANKTON COMPOSITION IN COASTAL LAGOONS OF DIFFERENT TROPHIC STATUS IN NORTHERN COLOMBIA DETERMINED BY MICROSCOPE AND HPLC-PIGMENT ANALYSIS

The regional differences in the composition of the phytoplankton assemblages in several coastal lagoons of the "Outer Delta of the Rio Magdalena" (Caribbean coast of Colombia) were determined using microscopic counting and HPLC-pigment measurements. The study sites can be classified as 1) a group of limnic lagoons with relatively low (5.5-19 µg/l) chlorophyll a (chl a)concentrations and high inorganic suspension loading, 2) a group of brackish lagoons with high (62-90 µg/l) chl a concentrations and high amounts of organic seston, (two further lagoons form a transition between group 1 and 2, and 3) a fully marine Caribbean bay with very low (0.3 µg/l) chl a and seston concentrations. The regional variations in salinity of the lagoons are due to inflow of water from the Rio Magdalena or to inflow of Caribbean Sea water. All lagoons are very shallow (less than 2 m) with small Secchi depths (20 to 30 cm). With the exception of the eutrophic brackish lagoons, where both methods indicated cyanobacteria to be the prevalent algal group, great discrepancies were encountered in all other study sites between the compositions of the algal communities obtained with both approaches. According to the microscopic analysis the phytoplankton of the marine Caribbean bay and the limnic and transient coastal lagoons consisted mainly (in several cases exclusively) of diatoms. The pigment analysis, on the other hand, indicated that cyanobacteria were the dominant algal group in all coastal lagoons, their percentage increased from the limnic over the transient to the brackish lagoons. Fractionated filtration of 14C-labelled phytoplankton revealed that algae of 20µm size played only an insignificant role in primary production. Only in the Caribbean bay 14% of the 14CO2 was taken up by organisms >20µm. We assume that the small forms are greatly underrepresented in microscopic observations due to extreme difficulties in identification and counting caused by detritus and/or sediment loadings of the samples. We therefore believe that these small forms (probably mostly picoplanktonic cyanobacteria) are better represented by pigment analysis.
Origin of dc voltage in type II superconducting flux pumps: field, field rate of change, and current density dependence of resistivity

Superconducting flux pumps are the kind of devices which can generate direct current into superconducting circuit using external magnetic field. The key point is how to induce a dc voltage across the superconducting load by ac fields. Giaever (1966 IEEE Spectr. 3 117) pointed out flux motion in superconductors will induce a dc voltage, and demonstrated a rectifier model which depended on breaking superconductivity. van de Klundert et al (1981 Cryogenics 21 195, 267) in their review(s) described various configurations for flux pumps all of which relied on inducing the normal state in at least part of the superconductor. In this letter, following their work, we reveal that a variation in the resistivity of type II superconductors is sufficient to induce a dc voltage in flux pumps and it is not necessary to break superconductivity. This variation in resistivity is due to the fact that flux flow is influenced by current density, field intensity, and field rate of change. We propose a general circuit analogy for travelling wave flux pumps, and provide a mathematical analysis to explain the dc voltage. Several existing superconducting flux pumps which rely on the use of a travelling magnetic wave can be explained using the analysis enclosed. This work can also throw light on the design and optimization of flux pumps.
Age at Death in the Human Skeleton: A Combined Analysis of Four Phase-Based Aging Systems to Determine Effieciency and Accuracy in Multifactorial Age Range Assignments

Analyses of human skeletal remains by physical anthropologists in the contexts of both modern forensic cases and archaeological populations necessitate precise methods for the determination of age at death. Physical anthropologists have long recognized that the most accurate estimation of age at death will be produced from evaluation of multiple indicators of age in the skeleton. To this end, three skeletal sites, the auricular surface, pubic symphysis, and right fourth sternal rib end, which show progressive metamorphic changes throughout life, are often evaluated for age in adult skeletal remains. However, as of yet, no statistically based method of combining the sometimes different estimates of age provided at these sites has been reported. The auricular surfaces, pubic symphyses, and right fourth sternal rib ends of 49 females and 77 males from the Hamann-Todd collection were evaluated for age at death. Using regression analyses, the relationship between the estimates of age provided through evaluation of the skeletal sites and actual age was assessed. Furthermore, regression analyses were used to combine the estimates of age in an effort to provide an accurate estimate of age at death. Results of the regression analyses show that a relationship exists between the respective estimates of age provided at each site and actual age. The values of R for regressions on the male and female samples reflect an 85% and 90% correlation between the actual ages of individuals and the predicted ages resulting from combination of the respective estimates through linear regressions. However, the large predicted age ranges associated with predicted ages make the results of the regressions questionable for forensic use. Although mean absolute differences between the predicted and actual ages
Cooperation and competition in chimpanzees: Current understanding and future challenges

Two goals in the study of evolutionary anthropology are to determine the factors that make humans unique and to reconstruct the evolution of our behavior. As humans' closest living relatives, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus) have always been of special interest in this regard. Because of their close evolutionary relationship to us, these animals provide the requisite comparative data to evaluate claims made about human uniqueness. In addition, knowledge of the differences among chimpanzees, bonobos, and us furnishes important insights into the changes that occurred during human evolution. Given these circumstances, studies of chimpanzees and bonobos remain high priorities for research. The volatile political situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, home to bonobos, has made long‐term study of their behavior difficult, if not impossible. In contrast, field research on chimpanzees, initiated by Jane Goodall1 and Toshisada Nishida2 nearly 50 years ago, continues to grow and thrive. While past and ongoing field work has added enormously to our understanding of the behavior of chimpanzees,3–8 gaps in knowledge persist. In this paper, I summarize some of these gaps, giving special emphasis to male cooperation and female competition.
Regional Science in a time of uncertainty

I have given this paper the title ‘Regional Science in a time of uncertainty’ because that is what it appears to be, very much a time of uncertainty. Uncertainty is always with us, but what I mean is the future is more uncertain than usual. There are multiple unanticipated and threatening shocks to our economic, social and environmental systems. For example, global climate change appears to be upon us right now, so what is the future especially for the world’s poorest people, living at the margins of existence? The after-effects of the 2007 shock to the global economy are still very much with us. In an era of very low demand, Central Banks are running out of policy options. We are moving into an era of experimental and unconventional fixes, such as negative interest rates. But these could have dangerous, unanticipated consequences. Also the upheavals in the Middle East are now being manifest as unforeseen mass migrations. Closer to home, the vote to exit the UK from the EU was based on a referendum dominated by claims and counterclaims about the effects of Brexit. Now the UK has voted to leave, the true consequences remain uncertain.
Energy Modeling of Multihop Energy Neutral WSN Using Wake-up Receiver

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) constitute a key technology for many applications that require virtualphysical interactions, such as military surveillance, environmental monitoring, home automation and health monitoring. For many long-term applications, a severe bottleneck is the limited amount of energy provided by individual batteries commonly used to power WSN. Energy harvesting forms a promising technology to tackle this problem. Moreover, the most energy consuming task in a wireless node is usually communication. Recent improvements in wakeup receivers (WURx) hardware make them a privileged direction to reduce the consumption of radio on wireless nodes. Using both technologies can enable WSN to achieve long term sustainability while maintaining quality of service requirements fulfilled. However, this requires careful design of both power managers (PMs) and MAC protocols to efficiently use these two emerging technologies together. The aim of our work is to design efficient PMs and MAC protocols for multihop energy harvesting wireless sensor networks (EH-WSN) in which each node is equipped with a WURx. In this paper, we present the energetic model and two PMs on which we are currently working on.
Assessment of Detoxification Efficacy of Irradiation on Zearalenone Mycotoxin in Various Fruit Juices by Response Surface Methodology and Elucidation of Its in-vitro Toxicity

Fruits are vital portion of healthy diet owed to rich source of vitamins, minerals, and dietary fibers, which are highly favorable in keeping individual fit. Unfortunately, these days, one-third of fruits were infested with fungi and their toxic metabolites called mycotoxins, which is most annoying and pose significant health risk. Therefore, there is a need to suggest appropriate mitigation strategies to overcome the mycotoxins contamination in fruits. In the present study, detoxification efficiency of irradiation on zearalenone (ZEA) mycotoxin was investigated in distilled water and fruit juices (orange, pineapple, and tomato) applying statistical program response surface methodology (RSM). The independent factors were distinct doses of irradiation and ZEA, and response factor was a percentage of ZEA reduction in content. A central composite design (CCD) consists of 13 experiments were planned applying software program Design expert with distinct doses of irradiation (up to 10 kGy) and ZEA (1–5 μg). The results revealed that independent factors had a positive significant effect on the response factor. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was followed to fit a proper statistical model and suggested that quadratic model was appropriate. The optimized model concluded that doses of irradiation and ZEA were the determinant factors for detoxification of ZEA in fruit juices. Further, toxicological safety of irradiation mediated detoxified ZEA was assessed in the cell line model by determining the cell viability (MTT and live/dead cell assays), intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), nuclear damage, and caspase-3 activity. The higher level of live cells and MMP, lower extent of intracellular ROS molecules and caspase-3, and intact nuclear material were noticed in cells treated with irradiation mediated detoxified ZEA related to non-detoxified ZEA. The results confirmed that toxicity of ZEA was decreased with irradiation treatment and detoxification of ZEA by irradiation is safe. The study concluded that irradiation could be a potential post-harvest food processing technique for detoxification of ZEA mycotoxin in fruit juices. However, irradiation of fruit juices with high dose of 10 kGy has minimally altered the quality of fruit juices.
Sentiment Analysis Using Text Mining: A Review

Text mining and sentiment analysis have received huge attention recently, specially because of the availability of vast data in form of text available on social media, e-commerce websites, blogs and other similar sources. This data is usually unstructured and contains noise, therefore the task of gaining information is complex and expensive. There is a growing need for developing different methodologies and models for efficiently processing the texts and extracting apt information. One way to extract information is text mining and sentiment analysis, that include: data acquisition, data pre-processing and normalization, feature extraction and representation, labelling, and finally the application of various Natural Language Processing (NLP) and machine learning algorithms. This paper provides an overview of different methods used in text mining and sentiment analysis elaborating on all subtasks.
Fractal analysis oF rhizome growth patterns oF ScirpuS groSSuS l . on peat and paddy soils

MAjrAshi, A. , B. Bin BAkAr, M. MoneruzzAMAn khAndAker, A. nAsrulhAq Boyce and s. V. MuniAndy, 2013. Fractal analysis of rhizome growth patterns of Scirpus grossus l. on peat and paddy soils. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 19: 1319-1326 This study describes the use of fractal analysis to describe root system in rhizomatous plant, Scirpus grossus l. root network spread and filling factor of rhizomatous roots are compared with fertilizer applications under different soil types. Fractal analysis allows the structural complexity of such associations to be compared between plant communities, with regard to their potentials for soil resource acquisition and utilization. The nPk fertilizer application at 100:30:30 ha-1 resulted in more robust aerial plant growth with ca. 253.5 ramets m-2 (mean dry aerial bio mass of 23.2 g plant-1) compared with 235.6 ramets m-2 (16.3 g plant-1) in unfertilized peat soils 24 weeks after planting of the mother plant. The parallel figures for plants growing on paddy soils of the Jawa series were ca. 97.08 ramets m-1 (12.19 g plant-1) (fertilized paddy soils) and 83.67 ramets m-1 (10.89 g plant-1) (unfertilized paddy soils) 24 weeks after planting of the mother plant. Mean ramets mortality was significantly higher in unfertilized paddy soils at 121.3 ramets m-2, while in the fertilized paddy soils this was only 34.7 ramets m-2, resulting respective net populations of ca. 218.8 ramets m -2 and 114.3 ramets m -2 in fertilized and unfertilized plots. in paddy soils mean ramets mortality in unfertilized paddy soils was ca. 8.58 ramets m-2, while this was only ca. 5.67 ramets m-2, leading to the respective resultant net populations of 91.41m-2 and 75.09 ramets m-2. Flowering set in earlier among ramets in fertilized peat soils with 103.2 ramets m-2vis-a-vis 77.5 ramets m-2, 24 weeks after transplanting of the mother plant in unfertilized soil. This method allows the structural complexity of such associations to be compared between plant communities, with regard to their potentials for soil resource acquisition and utilization. in peat soil, distinct and partly not significant differences are found (fractal dimension between 1.52 ± 0.53 and 1.50 ± 0.59) in unfertilized and fertilized plots and in paddy soil, fractal dimension between 1.53 ± 0.55 and 1.52 ± 0.49) in unfertilized and fertilized plots. We found distinct and partly not significant differences be compared between plant in peat and paddy soils when analysing many small units of a complex root system association. in larger plant communities, a broad variety of below-ground structures is recorded in its entirety, integrating the specific features of single sub-structures. In that way, extreme fractal dimensions are lost and the diversity decreases. Therefore, the analysis of larger units of root system associations provides a general knowledge of the complexity of root system structures for heterogeneous plant communities.
Toward a Euro Mediterranean tsunami warning system: The case of the February 12, 2007, Ml = 6.1 earthquake

UNESCO has made a commitment to the scientific community for the creation of the North East Atlantic and Mediterranean Tsunami Warning System (NEAMTWS). We wonder: “Is the European Seismological community ready to run an Euro Mediterranean tsunami warning system? ” In this study we use the February 12, 2007 Ml = 6.1 earthquake, which occurred close to the epicenter of the 1755 Great Lisbon event, as a case study to verify and discuss our actual capability of alerting for a hypothetical tsunami. Starting from the available real‐time data and tools, we emulate an automatic real‐time processing to perform the source analyses needed for discriminating a tsunamigenic earthquake, and subsequently we evaluate the time shift between the release of results and the potential tsunami waterfront reaching the coasts.