Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FBD Program PLC Cycle Scan & Enviromentread ? execute ? write !

A method for model-based test generation of safety-critical embedded applications using Programmable Logic Controllers and implemented in a programming language such as Function Block Diagram (FBD) is described. The FBD component model is based on the IEC 1131 standard and it is used primarily for embedded systems, in which timeliness is an important property to be tested. Our method involves the transformation of FBD programs with timed annotations into timed automata models which are used to automatically generate test suites. Specifically we demonstrate how to use model transformation for formalization and modelchecking of FBD programs using the UPPAAL tool. Many benefits emerge from this method, including the ability to automatically generate test suites from a formal model in order to ensure compliance to strict quality requirements including unit testing and specific coverage measurements. The approach is experimentally assessed on a train control system in terms of consumed resources. Keywords-function block diagram; plc; model-based testing; timed automata; test-suite generation; structural coverage;
D̊a or T̊a , P̊ar or B̊ar —

Several acoustic properties of plosives have been established as correlates of voicing contrast, including voice onset time (VOT), F1 cut-back, aspiration duration and initial F1 and F2 transition. Therefore, acquisition of the voicing contrast for plosives could be viewed as gaining the ability to combine interacting acoustic cues in an adult-like manner, resulting in a large number of possible developmental routes. The presented investigation examined initial plosives produced by one child from ages 18–31 months that had been judged as voiced in an auditory analysis. The results show that some perceptually voiced and unaspirated plosives (elicited using voiceless targets) were produced with VOT values within the range of voiceless plosives for adult speakers of Swedish, and also had increased duration of high frequency, aperiodic friction after plosive release. It was conjectured that the child was attempting a voicing contrast by using increased VOT and increased duration of aperiodic friction that were not perceptible to adult listeners.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor Penerimaan Simoppeda di Bagian Administrasi Pembangunan Sekretariat Daerah

Simoppeda is an information system that provides information services and reporting on the implementation of development activities. In its implementation, the use of Simoppeda is still not optimal and still facing several obstacles. This research is conducted to analyze the factors of user acceptance of Simoppeda implementation in the Development Administration Section of Regional Secretariat of Mukomuko Regency. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, selfefficacy, and facilitating conditions the acceptance of Simoppeda itself. The research employs correlational research method with quantitative approach. The determination of samples is by using saturated sample technique. Instrument validity test is by using corrected item total correlation technique, while the reliability test used is alpha cronbach. The instrument is in the form of questionnaires. The data analysis technique used is descriptive statistics and nonparametric inferential statistics; Spearman Rank. The result showed that there is a strong and significant correlation between perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, self-efficacy and facilitating conditions with the acceptance of Simoppeda. These results can be used as guidelines in the development of Simoppeda to pay attention to the factors that underlying the acceptance of Simoppeda.
Efficient Parsing for French Karine

Parsing with categorial grammars often leads to problems such as proliferating lexical ambiguity, spurious parses and overgeneration. This paper presents a parser for French developed on an unification based categorial grammar (FG) which avoids these problem s. This parser is a bottom-up c hart parser augmented with a heuristic eliminating spurious parses. The unicity and completeness of parsing are proved.
INFLUENCE OF CONTEXTUAL TEACHING LEARNING AND MOTIVATION ON DESCRIPTIVE WRITING ABILITY

The purpose of the research is to find out; 1) overall, is there a difference in the ability of descriptive writing in English between students who learn with the learning community component and those who learn with modeling component of CTL approach? 2) is there affecting interaction from CTL approach and learning motivation toward the ability of descriptive writing in English? 3) In high learning motivation group, is there a difference in ability of descriptive writing in English between students who learn with the learning community component and those who learn with modeling component of CTL approach? 4) In low learning motivation group, is there a difference in ability of descriptive writing in English between students who learn with the learning community component and those who learn with modeling component of CTL approach? The research method is factorial 2x2. The research analysis employed two ways ANOVA in significance level α = 0, 05 dan α = 0, 01 and Tuckey test. Before the research hypothesis test result data is analyzed, the first carried out test requirement analysis which includes the test of homogeneity using Liliefors test and the test of normality using Bartlett test with confidence level α = 0, 05. The data was collected through writing test for students’ writing ability, and questionnaire for motivation. The research finding shows that: 1) The learning community component of CTL approach was better than modelling component of CTL approach in improving the ability of descriptive writing. The data showed that F count 23.52 ˃ F table 4.20. 2) There was affecting interaction from CTL approach and learning motivation toward the ability of descriptive writing in English. The data showed F count 76.08 ˃ F table 7.64. 3) In high learning motivation group, the students’ ability of descriptive writing in English that learn with the learning community component of CTL approach was better than those who learn with modelling Influence of Contextual Teaching Learning and Motivation on Descriptive Writing Ability 765 component of CTL approach. The data showed Q count 12.91 ˃ F table 3.89. 4) In low learning motivation group, the students’ ability of descriptive writing in English that learn with the modelling component of CTL approach was better than those who learn with the learning community component of CTL approach. The data showed Q count 5.06 ˃ F table 3.89. Thus, CTL is appropriate approach of learning and gives good motivation. The teacher will increase students’ ability of descriptive writing in English.
Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development Greening competitiveness for hotels and restaurants

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a survey-based study performed on Italian SMEs in the “hotel, restaurant, café” (HORECA) sector, aimed at investigating the relationship between pro-environmental strategies and competitiveness and how such strategies can be exploited to outperform competitors. Design/methodology/approach – The survey involved 317 Italian SMEs. Regression models have been developed to analyze the causal relationship between three dimensions of competitiveness (competitive advantage over competitors, customer satisfaction and employees’ motivation), and environmental practices that can be adopted by HORECA SMEs. Findings – Top management commitment emerges as a key driver of competitiveness, confirming the strategic relevance of a sound approach to sustainability also in SMEs operating in the tourism sector. Moreover, actions aimed at investing in green food products (e.g. organic food) and awareness campaigns emerge as strong predictors of good business performance. Finally, at managerial level, entrepreneurs and owners evaluate the implementation of internal sustainability monitoring systems as a relevant support to increase their competitive performance. Research limitations/implications – Since the results are limited to Italian HORECA businesses, a cross-country comparison could represent a potential improvement of the research. Moreover, since the sector is characterized by the predominance of small and micro firms, specific attention should be devoted to the role played by entrepreneurs’ personal values in shaping business strategies. Originality/value – The paper contributes to the ongoing debate on the relationship between SMEs in the tourism sector and the environmental dimension analyzing the link between the adoption of “green” practices and the competitive performance. The results suggest that customer involvement represents an essential pre-requisite to turn sustainability into an opportunity of market distinctiveness and stress the strategic role of the implementation of performance monitoring systems.
Coffee bacterial diseases: a plethora of scientiﬁc opportunities

Coffee is a very important crop for several tropical countries across different continents. The diseases bacterial halo blight (BHB), bacterial leaf spot (BLS), bacterial leaf blight (BLB) and coffee leaf scorch (CLS), caused by the bacterial pathogens Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae (Psgc), P. syringae pv. tabaci (Psta), Pseudomonas cichorii (Pch) and Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca (Xfp), respectively, cause signiﬁcant reductions in coffee production, although other minor bacterial diseases have also been reported in some countries. Little research progress has been made on aspects that are relevant for control and management of these diseases. In all cases, there is an urgent need to develop rapid and more reliable methods for early detection of the pathogens in order to minimize their negative impact on coffee production. Because of the high rate of intra- and intersubspeciﬁc recombination occurring in X. fastidiosa , a permanent revision of the detection methods is necessary. Greater efforts should be made to understand the genetic and virulence diversity of Psgc, Psta and Pch populations. Early studies reported the identiﬁcation of potential sources of resistance against Psgc and Psta, but, to date, no resistance gene has been isolated. Little effort has been made to understand the biology and molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between Coffea spp. and these pathogenic bacteria. This review discusses the recent progress on the molecular mechanisms used by these bacteria to cause diseases on other plant species, in order to provide a guideline for the establishment of future research programmes.
Title Engaging scientists : An online survey exploring the experience of innovative biotechnological approaches to controlling vector-borne diseases

Background: Pioneering technologies (e.g., nanotechnology, synthetic biology or climate engineering) are often associated with potential new risks and uncertainties that can become sources of controversy. The communication of information during their development and open exchanges between stakeholders is generally considered a key issue in their acceptance. While the attitudes of the public to novel technologies have been widely considered there has been relatively little investigation of the perceptions and awareness of scientists working on human or animal diseases transmitted by arthropods. Methods: Consequently, we conducted a global survey on 1889 scientists working on aspects of vector-borne diseases, exploring, under the light of a variety of demographic and professional factors, their knowledge and awareness of an emerging biotechnology that has the potential to revolutionize the control of pest insect populations. Results: Despite extensive media coverage of key developments (including releases of manipulated mosquitoes into human communities) this has in only one instance resulted in scientist awareness exceeding 50 % on a national or regional scale. We document that awareness of pioneering releases significantly relied on private communication sources that were not equally accessible to scientists from countries with endemic vector-borne diseases (dengue and malaria). In addition, we provide quantitative analysis of the perceptions and knowledge of specific biotechnological approaches to controlling vector-borne disease, which are likely to impact the way in which scientists around the world engage in the debate about their value. Conclusions: Our results indicate that there is scope to strengthen already effective methods of communication, in addition to a strong demand by scientists (expressed by 79.9 % of respondents) to develop new, creative modes of public engagement.
ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF SIS

Conditions for the production of rectifying semiconductor-insulator-semiconductor (SIS) heterostructures n-SnS2/CdTeO3/p-Cd1−xZnxTe with the use of the spray-pyrolysis of SnS2 thin films on p-Cd1−xZnxTe crystalline substrates with the formation of an intermediate tunnelthin CdTeO3 oxide layer have been studied. By analyzing the temperature dependences of the current-voltage characteristics, the dynamics of the heterostructure energy parameters is determined, and the role of energy states at the CdTeO3/p-Cd1−xZnxTe interface in the formation of forward and reverse currents is elucidated. By analyzing the capacity-voltage characteristics, the processes of charge accumulation and inversion in SIS structures is considered. An energy diagram of the examined heterostructure, which well describes experimental electro-physical phenomena, is proposed.
Chemical carcinogenesis and chemoprevention : Scientific priority area in rapidly industrializing developing countries

Occupational cancers are now a serious concern in industrializing developing countries where exposure levels to hazardous chemicals considerably exceed regulatory limits established in industrialized countries. The association between increasing use of chemicals and associated disorders and chemoprevention or anticarcinogenesis is insufficiently recognized in these countries. The eradication of chemicals would assist in cancer prevention. This is however, not pragmatic, thus the need to seek alternative means of cancer prevention. Cancer chemoprevention or anticarcinogenesis is the process of exposure of an animal including humans to a substance that will reduce the incidence of cancer that would otherwise develop. Lack of knowledge of the multiple pathways by which chemically induced cancer may arise has led to the erroneous view for a long time that the study of chemoprevention was academic. While this field is gaining an increasing and sustained attention in the developed countries it has received little attention in the industrializing developing countries where the incidence of cancers appears to parallel the pace of industrialization. Sub-optimal intake of specific micronutrients so common in developing countries may contribute to greater susceptibility to cancer. Micronutrient deficiency disorders (MDDs) is considered orders of magnitude more important than radiation because of constancy of exposure to a milieu promoting DNA damage. Zinc (Zn) for instance is an antioxidant, a component of p53 and a critical factor in gene expression. Poor Zn nutrition may be an important risk factor in oxidant release and development of DNA damage and cancer. A deficiency of Zn ranks among the top ten leading causes of death in developing countries. As chemo preventive agents are present in natural human foods abundant in developing countries, this should be one of the highest research priorities of the rapidly industrializing developing countries.
Biophysical and biochemical mechanism of resistance to Spodoptera litura in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Spodoptera litura (S. litura) is an important insect pest affecting the yields of groundnut worldwide and host plant resistance is a key pest management strategy. Understanding the mechanism of resistance to S. litura would help in developing resistant cultivars. In the present study, biophysical (trichome density, relative water content, specific leaf weight, epicuticular wax) and biochemical (reducing, non-reducing and total sugars, protein and phenol content) parameters were analysed in the eight selected S litura resistant groundnut genotypes and four checks along with a wild species Arachis monticola L. Significant negative correlation was observed between S. litura damage and specific leaf weight, midrib, leaf lamina trichome density, wax content, protein and phenol content while, significant positive correlation with reducing and total sugar. Among the S. litura resistant genotypes, ICG 928 had higher leaf lamina (140 mm) and midrib (180 mm) trichome density, specific leaf weight (2.5 g/dm), wax content (0.36 μg/cm), protein (4.91 mg/g), and phenol content (3.77 mg/g) compared to susceptible check JL 24 which had higher relative water content (73.3 %), reducing sugar (11.32 mg/g), total sugar (12.75 mg/g) and lower leaf lamina (60 mm) and midrib trichome(30 mm) density, specific leaf weight (2.2 g/dm), wax content (0.2 μg/cm), protein (2.39 mg/g), and phenol content (2.03 mg/g). These biophysical and biochemical components can be effectively utilized in breeding for resistance against S. litura in groundnut.
A New Look at Bellman ' s Principle of Optimality

New light is shed on Bellman's principle of optimality and the role it plays in Bellman's conception of dynamic programming. It is argued that a failure to recognize the special features of the model in the context of which the principle was stated has resulted in the latter being misconstrued in the dynamic programming literature.
Neural Correlates of Induced Light Experience during Meditation: A Pilot Hyperscanning Study

Certain individuals during deep meditative state can give out an aura or ‘light, which is perceived by others through some unknown connections, visual, telepathic or other. Despite various anecdotal, historical accounts of such induced light experience (ILE), its underlying neural mechanisms are not known. In this pilot study, we investigated the neural correlates of ILE by simultaneously recording the EEGs of an expert meditation Teacher, who is claimed to elicit ILE, and his Pupil (N=2) during joint meditation sessions under various instructions, given separately to the Teacher (transmit/do not transmit) and to the Pupil (receive/do not receive) and also during transmit/receive instruction but both wearing goggles, limiting the visual input. We observed a robust increase in the high frequency beta (1230 Hz) and gamma oscillations (30-70 Hz) in the Teacher’s brain whenever he was instructed to transmit. Electric field tomography analysis localized these effects over a multitude of brain regions including the fusiform gyrus, angular gyrus and the cerebellum. Finally, we found that the Teacher’s and Pupil’s brain responses were synchronized especially in the alpha band (8-12 Hz) during transmit/receive condition, and the information flow was directional, i.e. from the Teacher to the Pupil; interestingly, this enhanced interbrain synchrony disappeared with goggles. These results were interpreted in terms of heightened internally selective attention as manifested by high frequency betagamma oscillations and of joint attention as manifested by interbrain alpha synchrony. Altogether, our results provide first neuroscientific evidence underlying the phenomenological experience of induced light. (Word count: 246)
UvA-DARE Global plant trait relationships extend to the climatic extremes of the tundra

The majority of variation in six traits critical to the growth, survival and reproduction of plant species is thought to be organised along just two dimensions, corresponding to strategies of plant size and resource acquisition. However, it is unknown whether global plant trait relationships extend to climatic extremes, and if these interspeci ﬁ c relationships are confounded by trait variation within species. We test whether trait relationships extend to the cold extremes of life on Earth using the largest database of tundra plant traits yet compiled. We show that tundra plants demonstrate remarkably similar resource economic traits, but not size traits, compared to global distributions, and exhibit the same two dimensions of trait variation. Three quarters of trait variation occurs among species, mirroring global estimates of interspeci ﬁ c trait variation. Plant trait relationships are thus generalizable to the edge of global trait-space, informing prediction of plant community change in a warming world.
OF MIRROR-LIKE SURFACE FINISH IN OPTICAL GLASS ( BK 7 ) LAPPING

Surface quality of optical glass is crucial for application in high precision products. This paper aim to investigate the surface roughness improvement and the limit surface roughness of the BK7 optical glass for mirror-like surface finish. Due to the brittleness of workpiece, lapping pressure need to be controlled diligently to prevent crack and brittle fracture from occurring. At first, the new lapping tool is installed on the collect chuck of the CNC milling machine and lapping is performed by the table movement in X and Y direction by NC control. Then, suitable lapping parameters are carefully selected for ductile mode machining in mirror-like finishing process. According to results, the mirror-like surface is achievd with proposed lapping method especially in low lapping pressure of 25MPa. Keywords—lapping pressure, ductile mode machining ,surface roughness, optical glass
Crack detection in composite bridges with relative displacement sensors *

One of the typical bridge construction types on Australia highways is composite structure consisting of steel or precast reinforced concrete (RC) girders with cast-in-situ RC slab. The girders and slab are connected together by distributed steel shear links. The composite bridges are under constant cyclic loading during bridge operations therefore may experience fatigue damage besides possible corrosion damage and overstressing owing to increased traffic volume and weight. A slab-on-girder composite bridge model was constructed in laboratory as an example to investigate if the newly developed relative displacement sensors can be used to detect the cracks occurred in the bridge model. Static loading test were conducted to introduce the cracks into the composite bridge and the damage in shear links. Both the vertical deflection and relative displacement were used for the crack and shear link condition identification. Experimental studies demonstrated that the developed sensor is more sensitive than traditional deformation measurements to identify the cracks in composite bridges.
Implementation Association Rules with Apriori Algorithm of Student Attendance Record in Islamic University of Indonesia

Data has become an indispendable part of every subject in the world such as in economy, industry, business function, individual and also organization in education such as in university. Data mining software is one of a number of analytical tools for analyzing data. One of techniques in data mining is Association Rules. This paper aim is to known the association between student attendance record and 3 variable which are course, time, and credit semester. Student attendance record need to be analyzed due to see the effectiveness of student attendance record. The result of this paper, association rules is the best method for this case. Courses is not significant for association rules because didn’t present in output. There are 9 rules that has lift ration beyond 1.0000000.