Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Produção de trigo e triticale em rotações de sequeiro

The results of a field trial of crop rotations conducted over a period of ten years in Vila Real (Northeast Portugal) are presented. The rotations tested were cereal-cultivated fallow (TA), traditional in rain-fed conditions of the region, and alternative rotations that could be adopted in these conditions: cereal-grain legume crop (TL), cereal-forage mixture (TC) and cereal-rain-fed pasture (TP). The cereals
Molecular characterization of hydrolytic enzymes from hyperthermophilic archaea

Analysis of the genomic region preceding the celB gene of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus, revealed the presence of two tandem genes, oppositely orientated of celB. These have been designated adhA and adhB, since their predicted products showed high homology to short-chain and iron-containing NADP(H)dependent alcohol dehydrogenases, respectively. Overexpression of the adhA and adhB genes in Escherichia coli showed the presence of two prominent, heat-stable proteins with an apparent subunit size of 27 kDa and 44 kDa, respectively, that corresponded closely to that calculated from their gene sequence. AdhB showed a low, but reproducible NADP(H)-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase activity with methanol as substrate, that was rapidly lost, preventing further characterization. In contrast, AdhA showed a stable NADP(H)-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase activity and was purified to homogeneity from the overproducing E.coli cells. Activity measurements and immunoblot analysis of cell-extracts showed that the adhA gene was expressed in P.furiosus and resulted in an AdhA with identical subunit size as that found in the overproducing E.coli. The purified AdhA showed an apparent molecular mass of 95 kDa indicating a homotetrameric structure and appeared to have an optimal enzymatic activity at 90°C at which temperature it had a half-life of 22.5 h. AdhA reversibly converted alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes, with a preference for the oxidation of secondary over the primary alcohols. Highest conversion rates were found towards 2pentanol at pH 10.5 in the oxidation reaction and towards pyruvaldehyde in the reduction reaction at neutral pH, suggesting that aldehyde reduction is the physiological role of AdhA in P.furiosus.
An Overoxidation Journey with a Return Ticket

The peroxiredoxins are ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze the reduction of hydrogen peroxide. In their Perspective, [Georgiou and Masip][1] discuss some intriguing new details of peroxiredoxin biochemistry that reveal how these enzymes can be simultaneously both antioxidants and modulators of signal transduction ([ Wood et al .][2]; [ Woo et al .][3]). [1]: http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/300/5619/592 [2]: http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/short/300/5619/650 [3]: http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/short/300/5619/653
Vaccination against Yersiniosis

Yersiniosis is a disease caused by Yersinia ruckeri , which mostly affects salmonids during their hatchery stage. Vaccines against yersiniosis have been commercially available for more than 40 years. These vaccines are inactivated bacterins, and are mostly applied by immersion. Boosters are often required to ensure longevity of protection. Since the late 1980s, biotype 2 variants of Y. ruckeri started to cause infections and are now the major variants causing yersiniosis throughout the US and Europe. This emergence of new variants resulted in the changes in the biotypes used for vaccine production.
Deteksi Keberadaan dan Keragaman Bakteri Endosimbion Wolbachia pada Beberapa Ordo Serangga di Bogor

MAHARDIKA GAMA PRADANA. Detection of The Presence and Variation of Wolbachia Endosymbiont in Several Insect Orders from Bogor. Supervised by GIYANTO and DAMAYANTI BUCHORI. The genus Wolbachia is a bacterial group that infects up to 70% of insect species. Wolbachia infections are usually associated with changes in host reproduction on insect. Studies on the presence of Wolbachia was done by field collection of insect samples around Bogor. Detection of the presence of Wolbachia performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This study have been detected Wolbachia supergroup A infection on Sitophilus, Bactrocera 2, Armigeres, Drosophila, Apanteles, Brachymeria, Anoplolepis, Scelionidae, and Trichogramma, while Wolbachia supergrup B infection have been detected on Callosobruchus, Sitophilus, Bactrocera 2, Armigeres, Brachymeria, and Trichogramma. Wolbachia double infection (AB) were also found on Sitophilus, Bactrocera 2, Armigeres, Brachymeria, and Trichogramma. Based on sequnce analysis, obtained similiarity level of wsp gene at 100% between Drosophila sample with Wolbachia endosymbiont of Drosophila paulistorum (GQ924887) and also between Sitophilus sample with Wolbachia endosymbiont of Sitophilus oryzae (JN315982).
Deep biogeographical history and cytonuclear discordance in the black-tailed brush lizard

Molecular tools help us deduce historical events such as vicariance, dispersal, gene flow and speciation. However, our inferences are inevitably linked to the nature of the characters that we use to infer history. For example, the difference in inheritance patterns of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (non-recombining maternal vs. recombining biparental inheritance) may lead us to propose different intraspecific histories. The peninsula of Baja California of north-western Mexico, a region affected by a complex geological history involving temporary seaways, permits evaluation of differences between these character types. We sequenced 1966 bp of mtDNA to reconstruct the genealogical history of Urosaurus nigricaudus (black-tailed brush lizard) from samples spanning the entire peninsula. The genealogy revealed several deep divergences, congruent with temporary vicariance events in the mid-peninsular, Loreto and Cape regions, as well as a major split across the Isthmus of La Paz, possibly resulting from a late Miocene seaway. The results support an emerging picture of the historical biogeography of Baja California, which suggests that key vicariance events are older than commonly perceived. The maternal genealogy of U. nigricaudus sharply contrasts with variation in allozymes that suggests very little differentiation across mitochondrial breaks, consistent with a pattern of ongoing gene flow. We interpret this cytonuclear discordance in relation to the historical biogeography of the region.
Desempenho zootécnico de tilápia do Nilo, Oreochromis niloticus, em tanques-rede, com diferentes rações comerciais

Este estudo avaliou o desempenho zootecnico de tilapia do Nilo, linhagem Chitralada, cultivada em tanques-rede, com diferentes racoes comerciais (I, II, III, IV, V), com o objetivo de determinar qual racao promoveria o cultivo mais lucrativo. Foram estocados grupos de 800 juvenis de tilapia com peso medio de 48 ± 2,53 g em 15 tanques-rede de 4 m 3 , onde foram alimentados com as cinco racoes comerciais, em triplicata, durante 84 dias. A qualidade da agua foi monitorada semanalmente (oxigenio dissolvido, pH, e temperatura), mostrando-se adequada para o cultivo. A sobrevivencia media foi satisfatoria (80,55 ± 4,52%), nao sendo afetada pela racao fornecida. As racoes I e III propiciaram um maior peso final (454,67 ± 15,14g e 491,67 ± 25,70 g), ganho em peso diario (5,20 ± 0,17 e 5,67 ± 0,32 g peixe -1 ) e taxa de crescimento especifico (2,83 ± 0,04 e 2,93 ± 0,07%) que as demais racoes (P versus 76,34% ). A racao IV, com o maior teor de fibra, propiciou o menor crescimento e acumulo de gordura corporal (P -1 (R$ 1,91). O mais alto custo de producao (R$ 2,39) ocorreu com o uso da racao I. Conclui-se que a racao II propiciou a maior lucratividade, promovendo a melhor conversao alimentar e o menor custo de producao.
Phylogenetic and Biochemical Diversity among Acidophilic Bacteria That Respire on Iron

It is clear that iron metabolizing acidophilic microorganisms comprise a diverse range of prokaryotes that vary considerably in aspects of their physiologies, phylogenies, and biochemistries. Acidophilic ferrous iron-oxidizing prokaryotes have frequently been categorized on the basis of their temperature optima for growth. Three groups have been described: mesophilic iron oxidizers, which have temperature optima of ca. 25 to 37°C, thermotolerant iron oxidizers, which have temperature optima of ca. 40 to 60°C, and thermophilic iron oxidizers, which have temperature optima of >60°C. An immediate and striking feature of cell extracts derived from bacteria grown by aerobic respiration on iron is the rich and varied color of the extracted material. Thus, cell-free extracts of T. ferrooxidans, "L. ferrooxidans" and S. thermosulfidooxidans are deep blue, red, and bright yellow, respectively. These colors correspond to the conspicuous redox-active biomolecules expressed by each organism as it respires aerobically on ferrous ions. The extent of the apparent diversity in iron respiratory chains and their components is not limited to just the novel chromophores. The comparative spectroscopic analyses summarized are intended to provide an overview of the most conspicuous components of the respiratory chains involved in iron oxidation as the first step in a more detailed investigation of the oxidation process in the different bacteria. The existence of multiple biochemical strategies to extract energy from the aerobic oxidation of iron provides more opportunities to investigate the molecular basis of energy conservation in these bacteria.
Aconitum shennongjiaense (Ranunculaceae), a new species from Hubei, China

Aconitum shennongjiaense Q. Gao & Q. E. Yang, a new species of the Ranunculaceae from Shennongjia, northwestern Hubei, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is similar to A. kirinense Nakai in having yellow flowers and cylindrical helmets, but differs by the inflorescence axis and the pedicels densely golden villous with rough-surfaced patent hairs, the helmet higher and narrower, the spur of petals longer and obviously recurved or circinate, the ovary densely golden villous with rough-surfaced ascending hairs, and the seeds brown, obovoid, transversely lamellate, not alate. The chromosome number of the new species was counted to be 2n=16, and the karyotype was formulated as 2n=2 m+6 sm+8 st. A color plate, line drawings, distribution map, and SEM microphotographs of the pubescence of pedicels, of lateral sepals and of ovaries are given for the new species.
I. David Aaker – Efficacité publicitaire, capital marque, comportement du consommateur et lien marketing-finance

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. David Aaker : Efficacité publicitaire, capital marque, comportement du consommateur et lien marketing-finance Catherine Viot
The effect of baicalein on the expression of SATB1 in MDA-MB-231 cells

Objective: To investigate the effect of Baicalein on SATB1 expression and its relation to proliferation, invasiveness and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. Methods: Colorimetric 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and wound healing assays were used to detect the cell proliferation and the migration changes of MDA-MB-231 cells when treated with different concentrations of Baicalein. SATB1 expression in MDA-MB-231 cells was detected by Western blot. Results: Along with the reaction time and increase drug concentration, the inhibitory effect of Baicalein on proliferation and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells gradually increased in a timeand dosedependent manner (P<0.05). After treatment with Baicalein for 48 h, an obvious decrease was observed in the level of SATB1 protein expression of MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Conclusion: Baicalein can suppress MDA-MB-231 cells growth and migration by inhibiting its proliferation in a timeand dosedependent manner. It can also down-regulate the expression of SATB1.
EFEITO DO PROCESSAMENTO NA ATIVIDADE ANTIOXIDANTE DE UVA

As vitaminas C, E e os flavonoides sao consideradas excelentes antioxidantes, capazes de sequestrar os radicais livres com grande eficiencia. Varios sao os metodos para testar a atividade antioxidante, podendo ser usados para compostos isolados e extratos. Diversos estudos tem demonstrado que a uva e fonte natural de antioxidantes e rica em compostos fenolicos, mas muito pouco estudada quanto ao efeito do seu processamento nesses compostos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi a determinacao e comparacao da capacidade antioxidante (radicais ABTS e DPPH) de extratos elaborados a partir de uva da cultivar Isabel e de dois produtos dessa fruta: o suco e a geleia, assim como correlacionar com a quantidade de fenolicos totais e de antocianinas totais. Apesar das diferencas entre os metodos DPPH e ABTS, foi possivel obter conclusoes semelhantes quanto a atividade antioxidante das amostras testadas. O tratamento termico favoreceu a extracao dos compostos fenolicos e consequentemente o aumento da atividade antioxidante, mas provocou uma diminuicao no teor de antocianinas totais nos produtos elaborados a partir da uva.
Nearshore Biomechanics. (Book Reviews: Biology and the Mechanics of the Wave-Swept Environment)

This text introduces and draws together pertinent aspects of fluid dynamics, physical oceanography, solid mechanics, and organismal biology to provide a much-needed set of tools for quantitatively examining the biological effects of ocean waves. "Nowhere on earth does water move as violently as on wave-swept coasts, " writes the author, "and every breaker that comes pounding on the shore places large hydrodynamic forces on the organisms resident there. " Yet wave-swept coral reefs and rocky shores are home to some of the world's most diverse assemblages of plants and animals, and scientists have chosen these environments to carry out much of the recent experimental work in community structure and population dynamics. Until now these studies have been hampered because biologists often lack a working understanding of the mechanics of the wave-swept shore. Mark Denny here supplies that understanding in clear and vivid language.Included are an introduction to wave-induced water motions and the standard theories for describing them, a broad introduction to the hydrodynamic forces these water movements place on plants and animals, and an explanation of how organisms respond to these forces. These tools are put to use in the final chapters in an examination of the mechanisms of "wave exposure" and an exploration of the mechanical determinants of size and shape in wave-swept environments.
POSITIONAL EFFECTS OF TRNA GENES: TRANSFER RNA GENES AS CHROMATIN BOUNDARIES IN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE

A method for use with an acoustic positioner, which enables a determination of the equilibrium position and orientation which an object assumes in a zero gravity environment, as well as restoring forces and torques on the object, of an object of arbitrary shape in a chamber of arbitrary configuration. An acoustic standing wave field is established in the chamber, and the object is held at several different positions near the expected equilibrium position. While the object is held at each position, the center resonant frequency of the chamber is determined, by noting which frequency results in the greatest pressure of the acoustic field. The object position which results in the lowest center resonant frequency, is the equilibrium position. The orientation of a nonspherical object is similarly determined, by holding the object in a plurality of different orientations at its equilibrium position, and noting the center resonant frequency for each orientation. The orientation which results in the lowest center resonant frequency is the equilibrium orientation. Where the acoustic frequency is constant but the chamber length is variable, the equilibrium position or orientation is that which results in the greatest chamber length at the center resonant frequency.
Hearing and Echolocation in Stranded and Captive Odontocete Cetaceans

Approximately 26 short-finned pilot whales, Globicephala macrorhynchus, stranded in Cudjoe Key, Florida on May 5, 2011. Four animals, two adult and two juvenile females, were transported to a rehabilitation facility in Tarpon Basin, Florida. Auditory evoked potentials were recorded in response to amplitude modulated tone pips modulated at 1000 Hz. Hearing thresholds were determined at 10, 20, 40, 80 and 120 kHz for all four animals. Short-finned pilot whales had peak sensitivity at lower frequencies than other odontocetes such as bottlenose dolphins. Greatest sensitivity was around 40 kHz for all whales, while thresholds for the two adult females were 25-61 dB higher at 80 kHz than the juveniles. Click evoked potentials were similar between the four whales and comparable to other echolocating odontocetes. Clickevoked potential data from another short-finned pilot whale that had stranded in Curacao showed no response. These findings add to the limited database of pilot whale (shortand long-finned) hearing studies, of which there are only two others (Schlundt et al., 2011 & Pacini et al., 2010). 1 Portions of these results have been previously published (Greenhow et al., 2011) and are utilized with the permission of the publisher. The abstract appeared in Greenhow et al., 2011 and may be found at http://link.aip. org/link/? JAS/ 130/2560. Copyright (2011) Acoustical Society of America.
Temperature influences host instar selection in an aphid parasitoid: support for the relative fitness rule

The relative fitness rule states that parasitoid females should adopt risk-prone reproductive behaviours when expecting low reproductive success. Temperature influences the reproductive success of insects by affecting their basal metabolic rate during development, their egg load at emergence, and their life expectancy as adults. Using an aphid–parasitoid model system, we investigated the influence of developmental and adult temperature on the risk-sensitive decision-making of females. We considered the use of a low-quality host nymphal instar by the aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi to be a risk-prone behaviour. Immature females were reared at 12, 20 or 28 °C and had access to the four nymphal instars of the potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae for oviposition at one of these temperatures. Host selection behaviour was continuously recorded during exploitation of an aphid patch. We observed that warm-developed females and parasitoids foraging at high temperature attacked low-quality hosts more frequently than females from other treatments. These results support the hypothesis that a decrease in expected parasitoid reproductive success resulted in risk-prone behaviours. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental evidence suggesting that temperature influences host stage selection and risk-sensitive making decision in parasitoids, and the present study is the first to support the relative fitness rule. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, ●●, ●●–●●.
Mechanistic aspects of DNA uptake in naturally competent Vibrio cholerae

The physiological state of competence for natural transformation allows bacteria to take up free DNA from the environment and recombine it into their genome. As one of three modes of horizontal gene transfer, natural transformation has hence contributed substantially to the enormous diversity and plasticity of bacterial genomes. With its potential to promote the spread of antibiotic resistances and virulence factors of a variety of pathogens, natural transformation also has an important impact on human health. Even though conserved components required to undergo natural transformation have been identified in many bacterial species, our knowledge on the underlying mechanism of DNA transport remains very limited. To better understand this aspect, we established a first model of DNA uptake in the naturally competent human pathogen Vibrio cholerae. We showed that at least twenty proteins are required for efficient uptake, protection and recombination of transforming DNA in a non-species-specific manner. 14 of these proteins are needed to produce a type IV pilus, which we were able to visualize for the first time. We showed that this competence pilus is not restricted to cell poles, as has been shown for other competent bacterial species (e.g. Bacillus subtilis). Furthermore, we compared the position of this pilus to the localization of other competence proteins and determined their role in the assembly of a surface exposed pilus fiber. While this type IV pilus is important for efficient DNA uptake, we also observed rare transformation events in its absence. In contrast, three pilus-unrelated proteins that are likely involved in the transport process were absolutely required for transformation. Two of them were implicated in DNA transport across the inner membrane. Deletion of the corresponding genes led to a strong accumulation of transforming DNA within the periplasm. However, one of them, ComEA, was essential for DNA uptake across the outer membrane, independently of competence pili. We further characterized the role of this protein by showing that it is localized to the periplasm of competent V. cholerae cells and that it binds to DNA in vivo. Based on our results, we proposed that ComEA directly contributes to DNA transport. Although we showed that DNA uptake across the outer membrane and translocation of DNA into the cytoplasm are functionally uncoupled, our results suggest that the two events coincide spatially. In summary, these findings allow us to present a first mechanistic model of the DNA uptake process in V. cholerae. Many aspects of this model likely apply to other naturally competent bacteria, and therefore represent an important contribution to the general understanding of this basic biological process.
Drosophila Integrins Act in Conjunction with Robo to Establish Heart Cell Polarity

The Orosophila heart arises from the migration and subsequent fusion of bilateral rows of cardioblasts into a single dorsal vessel at the midline. Previous studies have demonstrated that the coordinated migration, and formation of a lumen in the Drosophila heart requires signalling by Slit, which is secreted by the cardioblasts and binds to Robo receptors on the same cells. Cardioblasts also express a single Integrin dimer, aPS3/I3PS1, and as key factors in cell migration and cell-matrix adhesion, are required for assembly of the heart. Embryos heterozygous for a null allele of slit or scab have normal heart development however when gene dosage in the Slit and Integrin pathways are altered simultaneously more than additive effects such as delayed migration of cardial cells, cell clumping and midline crossing, suggest that the two pathways intersect upon a common function. This thesis demonstrates that reduced Integrin function delays the acquisition of cell polarity by heart cells and prevents lumen formation . Furthermore, localization of Robo to the heart lumen requires Integrin function , and reciprocally , Robo function is required for proper Integrin distribution. These findings support a role for Integrins working in conjunction with Robo in the establishment of heart cell polarity and revealed the complexity of this interaction .