Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
With or without post-editing processes? Evidence for a gap in machine translation evaluation

Machine translation evaluation (MTE) is performed differently and with different goals in academia and industry (Drugan 2013, in Castilho et al. 2018 : 11). However, with the current integration of neural machine translation into human translation workflows, reliable measures of the amount of effort needed to post-edit machine translation (PEMT) outputs have become a common goal for researchers, language service providers and machine translation vendors (ibid., p. 29). Translation process research has developed tools to gather and analyse empirical data, but while a variety of measures have proved useful and reliable to measure PEMT effort (see e.g. Vieira 2016 : 42), translation processes are seldom considered when assessing the relevance of a given MTPE scenario. Against this background, our study seeks to determine the impact of including MTPE in the evaluation process. We selected two of the most commonly used scales for the “declarative evaluation” of MT (Humphreys et al. 1991, in Way 2018b : 164): adequacy and fluency ratings. Based on two distinct experimental conditions, we then compared the ratings produced without performing PE and those produced immediately after a light PE process. Data was collected with a group of 14 trainee translators, using two different text types and
Central serous chorioretinopathy: risk factors for serous retinal detachment in fellow eyes

Background/Aims To assess risk factors for serous retinal detachment (SRD) in the fellow eye of patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) based on clinical data and multimodal imaging findings, including baseline late-phase indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). Methods Consecutive patients with unilateral CSC were retrospectively assessed. Inclusion criteria were the availability of late-phase ICGA and a spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) macular cube for both eyes at baseline and over 3 months. Subsequent OCT of fellow eyes was reviewed to detect the development of SRD during the follow-up. Baseline medical data and multimodal imaging findings were analysed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves (log-rank test). Results Sixty-eight patients with unilateral CSC were included. An SRD was detected in 19% of fellow eyes during a mean follow-up of 25.8±18.7 months. Hyperfluorescent plaques on midphase ICGA, hypofluorescent foci on late-phase ICGA, retinal pigment epithelium changes on fundus autofluorescence and fluorescein angiography abnormalities were associated with the occurrence of SRD (log-rank test; p<0.001, p=0.02, p=0.002 and p=0.001, respectively). Conclusion These results suggest that the fellow eyes with specific findings on multimodal imaging in patients with unilateral CSC should be carefully followed up for possible incidence of CSC.
The Distributed Computing Column

Determining what are the most important nodes in a network is one of the main problems in the field of network analysis. Several so-called centrality indices have been defined in the literature to try to quantitatively capture the notion of importance (or centrality) of a node within a network. It has been experimentally observed that being central for a node, according to some centrality index, leads to several benefits to the node itself. In this paper, we study the problem of maximizing the centrality index of a given node by adding a limited number of edges incident to it. We survey on some recent results on this problem by focusing on four well-known centrality indices, namely harmonic centrality, betweenness centrality, eccentricity, and page-rank.
The Impact of News on Returns Worldwide 1

This paper examines the impact of sentiment and frequency of news articles on monthly and 12-month stock returns in 51 countries. I show that the results of Calomiris and Mamaysky (2019), who found significant predictive value of news variables, hold when corrected for severe overlapping data issues present in their research. However, large variation in predictive value is revealed by country-level Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Least Angle Regressions (LARS), and Weighted Least Squares (WLS) procedures. Furthermore, I find that United States’ data is on average better at predicting a country’s stock returns than data of the country itself.
[Overweight and childhood obesity according to socioeconomic variables in schoolchildren of third grade in the city of Barcelona].

INTRODUCTION Childhood overweight and obesity have increased progressively in the last decades, especially in countries of Southern Europe. OBJECTIVE To analyze the association of overweight and obesity childhood in the city of Barcelona according to socioeconomic variables in schoolchildren in third grade primary school. METHODS Transversal study. STUDY POPULATION third grade primary school students in the city of Barcelona in year 2011 (N = 3,624). The body mass index was studied as the dependent variable and as independent: sex, age, social class, parental status, origin, ownership school, neighborhood socioeconomic status of the school and district. Logistic regression models were analyzed, obtaining Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS The prevalence of overweight and obesity childhood was 24.5% and 13.8%, respectively. The variables associated with obesity were: boy (OR=1.26; 95%CI= 1.02-1.57), low socioeconomic status (OR=1.60; 95%CI=1.16-2.20), family status is single-parent (OR=1.35; 95%CI=1.03-1.77), immigrant (OR=1.68; 95%CI=1.33-2.13) and to live in a district less favored of Barcelona. CONCLUSIONS It is evident that social class, origin, family status and the district of residence play an important role in childhood obesity.
MAP4K4 associates with BIK1 to regulate plant innate immunity

To perceive pathogens, plants employ pattern recognition receptor (PRR) complexes, which then transmit these signals via the receptor‐like cytoplasmic kinase BIK1 to induce defense responses. How BIK1 activity and stability are controlled is still not completely understood. Here, we show that the Hippo/STE20 homolog MAP4K4 regulates BIK1‐mediated immune responses. MAP4K4 associates and phosphorylates BIK1 at Ser233, Ser236, and Thr242 to ensure BIK1 stability and activity. Furthermore, MAP4K4 phosphorylates PP2C38 at Ser77 to enable flg22‐induced BIK1 activation. Our results uncover that a Hippo/STE20 homolog, MAP4K4, maintains the homeostasis of the central immune component BIK1.
An unusual case of caecal perforation following ileostomy reversal

A 63-year-old man with a history of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease underwent defunctioning loop ileostomy for obstructing metastatic rectal cancer prior to receiving long-course neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Four months post completion of neoadjuvant therapy, he underwent an uncomplicated elective ultra-low anterior resection with formation of colonic J pouch and first stage liver metastasectomy for bilobar liver disease. At 1 year, he proceeded to an elective closure of loop ileostomy. Unfortunately, his postoperative course was complicated by profuse diarrhoea with subsequent colonic perforation, necessitating an emergency laparotomy and ileocolic resection with end ileostomy formation. Histopathology and stool studies were consistent with Salmonella Typhi infection. At the present time, Salmonella Typhi causing toxic megacolon and subsequent colonic perforation is an uncommon phenomenon in Australia. Here, we present an unusual case and explain why bowel perforation in this instance likely had a multifactorial aetiology.
Targeting Mutant KRAS for Anticancer Therapy.

Over the past decades, designing therapeutic strategies to target KRAS-mutant cancers, which is one of the most frequent mutant oncogenes among all cancer types, have proven unsuccessful regardless of many concerted attempts. There are key challenges for KRAS-mutant anticancer therapy, as the complex cellular processes involved in KRAS signaling has present. Herein we highlight the emerging therapeutic approaches for inhibiting KRAS signaling and blocking KRAS functions, in hope to serve as a more effective guideline for future development of therapeutics.
Extracellular matrix-based scaffolding technologies for periodontal and peri-implant soft tissue regeneration.

The present article focuses on the properties and indications of scaffold-based extracellular matrix technologies as alternatives to autogenous soft tissue grafts for periodontal and peri-implant plastic surgical reconstruction. The different processing methods for the creation of cell-free constructs resulting in preservation of the extracellular matrices influence the characteristics and behavior of scaffolding biomaterials. The aim of this review is to discuss the properties, clinical application and limitations of extracellular matrix-based scaffold technologies in periodontal and peri-implant soft tissue augmentation when used as alternatives to autogenous soft tissue grafts. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Association between soft drink, fruit juice consumption and obesity in Eastern Europe: cross‐sectional and longitudinal analysis of the HAPIEE study

Abstract Background Fruit juice and soft drink consumption have been shown to be related to obesity. However, this relationship has not been explored in Eastern Europe. The present study aimed to assess the cross‐sectional and longitudinal relationships between fruit juice, soft drink consumption and body mass index (BMI) in Eastern European cohorts. Methods Data from the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors in Eastern Europe population‐based prospective cohort study, based in Russia, Poland and the Czech Republic, were used. Intakes of sugar‐sweetened beverage (SSB), artificially‐sweetened beverage (ASB) and fruit juice were estimated from a food frequency questionnaire. Participant BMI values were assessed at baseline (n = 26 634) and after a 3‐year follow‐up (data available only for Russia, n = 5205). Results Soft drink consumption was generally low, particularly in Russia. Compared to never drinkers of SSB, participants who drank SSB every day had a significantly higher BMI in the Czech [β‐coefficient = 0.28; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.02–0.54], Russian (β‐coefficient = 1.38; 95% CI = 0.62–2.15) and Polish (β‐coefficient = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.29–1.37) cohorts. Occasional or daily ASB consumption was also positively associated with BMI in all three cohorts. Results for daily fruit juice intake were inconsistent, with a positive association amongst Russians (β‐coefficient = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.28–1.21) but a negative trend in the Czech Republic (β‐coefficient = −0.42; 95% CI = −0.86 to 0.02). Russians participants who drank SSB or ASB had an increased BMI after follow‐up. Conclusions Our findings support previous studies suggesting that soft drink consumption (including SSBs and ASBs) is positively related to BMI, whereas our results for fruit juice were less consistent. Policies regarding these beverages should be considered in Eastern Europe to lower the risk of obesity.
How do platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio change in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes, and threaten preterm labour?

Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate peripheral blood platelets, neutrophils and lymphocytes counts in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and threatened preterm labour (TPL) compared with gestation-matched controls in order to learn how they change. This study was conducted on 60 women with PPROM, 50 women with TPL and 47 healthy pregnant women. Laboratory parameters (including complete blood count, C-reactive protein (CRP)) of all the participants were recorded. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) values were significantly higher in PPROM group than TPL group and healthy control group (6.1 ± 3.9, 4.4 ± 1.7, 4.4 ± 2.2, p = .007, p = .018, respectively). At a cut-off level of 5.14, NLR accurately predicted occurrence of neonatal sepsis (AUC = 0.717 (95% confidence interval 0.610–0.824), p = . 001) with sensitivity and specificity rates of 69.7% and 72.0%, respectively. In the management of the patients with PPROM, NLR can be used as a more cost-effective method than other blood parameters that require the use of a kit. IMPACT STATEMENT What is already known on this subject? There is only one study in the literature evaluating blood count parameters (such as platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), NLR) in PPROM pregnancies. That study demonstrated PLR and NLR were both higher in the PPROM group. What do the results of this study add? The present study demonstrates that only NLR is higher in the PPROM group. Furthermore, we have also demonstrated distinctively that NLR can predict occurrence of neonatal sepsis. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? High values of NLR may be useful for predicting adverse outcomes in PPROM and TPL patients as a cost-effective method. Further studies are needed to determine whether these parameters can be used to predict if a pregnant woman who is at risk of preterm labour will result in adverse perinatal outcome.
The Effect of Resveratrol Supplementation on Cardio‐Metabolic Risk Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double‐Blind Controlled Trial

The aim of the present randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effect of a micronized resveratrol supplement on glycemic status, lipid profile, and body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 71 overweight patients with T2DM (body mass index ranged 25–30) were randomly assigned to receive 1000 mg/day trans‐resveratrol or placebo (methyl cellulose) for 8 weeks. Anthropometric indices and biochemical indices including lipid and glycemic profile were measured before and after the intervention. In adjusted model (age, sex, and baseline body mass index), resveratrol decreased fasting blood sugar (−7.97±13.6 mg/dL, p=0.05) and increased high density lipoprotein (3.62±8.75 mg/dL, p=0.01) levels compared with placebo. Moreover, the mean difference in insulin levels reached significance (−0.97±1.91, μIU/mL, p= 0.02). However, no significant differences were observed for anthropometric measures. It was found that 8‐week resveratrol supplementation produced useful effects on some cardio‐metabolic parameters in patients with T2DM. More studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Venue Recommendation based on Paper Abstract

We consider the problem of matching the topics of a scientific paper with those of possible publication venues for that paper. While every researcher knows the few top-level venues for his specific fields of interest, a venue recommendation system may be a significant aid when starting to explore a new research field. We propose a venue recommendation system which requires only title and abstract, differently from previous works which require full-text and reference list: hence, our system can be used even in the early stages of the authoring process and greatly simplifies the building and maintenance of the knowledge base necessary for generating meaningful recommendations. We assessed our proposal using a standard metric on a dataset of more than 58000 papers: the results show that our method provides recommendations whose quality is aligned with previous works, while requiring much less information from both the paper and the knowledge base.
9.9: Psychopathy

Psychopathy (or “psychopathic personality”) is a topic that has long fascinated the public at large as well as scientists and clinical practitioners. However, it has also been subject to considerable confusion and scholarly debate over the years. This module reviews alternative conceptions of psychopathy that have been proposed historically, and reviews major instruments currently in use for the assessment of psychopathic tendencies in clinical and nonclinical samples. An integrative theoretic framework, the Triarchic model, is presented that provides a basis for reconciling differing historic conceptions and assessment approaches. Implications of the model for thinking about causal hypotheses of psychopathy, and for resolving longstanding points of contention in the field, are discussed.
Deposited in DRO : 18 July 2018 Version of attached le : Accepted Version Peer-review status of attached

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Neuroendocrine contribution to autism etiology

OBJECTIVES: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a set of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by early-onset difficulties in social communication and unusually restricted, repetitive behavior and interests. One of the main features of autism is the unequal sex distribution, with higher prevealnec in boys. There is evidence that in critical prenatal period testosterone and its metabolites play crucial role in masculinization of brain structions with the consequences on cognitive and behavioral style. In general human population males are more systemized while females are more empathized According to the hypermale brain theory the behaviors seen in autism are exaggerations of typical sex differences and therefore exposure to high levels of prenatal testosterone might be a risk factor for autism. Oxytocin as a neuropeptide affecting social behavior is considered a prosocial hormone and might be protective in autism development. The aim of this study was to reveal differences in plasma levels of oxytocin between autistic and healthy populations in Slovakia. METHODS: ASD children were diagnosed by ADOS and ADI-R diagnostic tools, only boys were included in this study. RESULTS: Oxytocin levels were lower in the prepubertal and also in the pubertal boys with ASD, while testosterone levels were higher only in the prepubertal boys with ASD when compared with boys from general population. CONCLUSION: Our work brought contribution to the investigation on the influence of neuroendocrine milieu to ASD phenotype.
Association of Metabolic Surgery With Major Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity.

Importance Although metabolic surgery (defined as procedures that influence metabolism by inducing weight loss and altering gastrointestinal physiology) significantly improves cardiometabolic risk factors, the effect on cardiovascular outcomes has been less well characterized. Objective To investigate the relationship between metabolic surgery and incident major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity. Design, Setting, and Participants Of 287 438 adult patients with diabetes in the Cleveland Clinic Health System in the United States between 1998 and 2017, 2287 patients underwent metabolic surgery. In this retrospective cohort study, these patients were matched 1:5 to nonsurgical patients with diabetes and obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥30), resulting in 11 435 control patients, with follow-up through December 2018. Exposures Metabolic gastrointestinal surgical procedures vs usual care for type 2 diabetes and obesity. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the incidence of extended MACE (composite of 6 outcomes), defined as first occurrence of all-cause mortality, coronary artery events, cerebrovascular events, heart failure, nephropathy, and atrial fibrillation. Secondary end points included 3-component MACE (myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and mortality) and the 6 individual components of the primary end point. Results Among the 13 722 study participants, the distribution of baseline covariates was balanced between the surgical group and the nonsurgical group, including female sex (65.5% vs 64.2%), median age (52.5 vs 54.8 years), BMI (45.1 vs 42.6), and glycated hemoglobin level (7.1% vs 7.1%). The overall median follow-up duration was 3.9 years (interquartile range, 1.9-6.1 years). At the end of the study period, 385 patients in the surgical group and 3243 patients in the nonsurgical group experienced a primary end point (cumulative incidence at 8-years, 30.8% [95% CI, 27.6%-34.0%] in the surgical group and 47.7% [95% CI, 46.1%-49.2%] in the nonsurgical group [P < .001]; absolute 8-year risk difference [ARD], 16.9% [95% CI, 13.1%-20.4%]; adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.61 [95% CI, 0.55-0.69]). All 7 prespecified secondary outcomes showed statistically significant differences in favor of metabolic surgery, including mortality. All-cause mortality occurred in 112 patients in the metabolic surgery group and 1111 patients in the nonsurgical group (cumulative incidence at 8 years, 10.0% [95% CI, 7.8%-12.2%] and 17.8% [95% CI, 16.6%-19.0%]; ARD, 7.8% [95% CI, 5.1%-10.2%]; adjusted HR, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.48-0.72]). Conclusions and Relevance Among patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity, metabolic surgery, compared with nonsurgical management, was associated with a significantly lower risk of incident MACE. The findings from this observational study must be confirmed in randomized clinical trials. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03955952.
Cortical tau deposition follows patterns of entorhinal functional connectivity in aging

Tau pathology first appears in the transentorhinal and anterolateral entorhinal cortex (alEC) in the aging brain. The transition to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is hypothesized to involve amyloid-β (Aβ) facilitated tau spread through neural connections. We contrasted functional connectivity (FC) of alEC and posteromedial EC (pmEC), subregions of EC that differ in functional specialization and cortical connectivity, with the hypothesis that alEC-connected cortex would show greater tau deposition than pmEC-connected cortex. We used resting state fMRI to measure FC, and PET to measure tau and Aβ in cognitively normal older adults. Tau preferentially deposited in alEC-connected cortex compared to pmEC-connected or non-connected cortex, and stronger connectivity was associated with increased tau deposition. FC-tau relationships were present regardless of Aβ, although strengthened with Aβ. These results provide an explanation for the anatomic specificity of neocortical tau deposition in the aging brain and reveal relationships between normal aging and the evolution of AD.