Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shifting the balance of brain tryptophan metabolism elicited by isolation housing and systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide in mice

The kynurenine (KYN) pathway, which is initiated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, is a key tryptophan (TRP) metabolic pathway. It shares TRP mainly with the serotonin (5-HT) pathway. Activation of the KYN pathway by stimulation of the inflammatory response system (IRS) is known to induce depressive symptoms. Thus, we considered that shifting the balance between the KYN and 5-HT systems in the brain to the KYN pathway closely relate to the etiology of depression. In the present study, we investigated the influence of environmental risk factors for depression, such as social isolation and activation of the IRS, on brain TRP metabolism. Male ICR mice (postnatal day 21) were divided into two housing conditions, isolation and group housing, reared for 4 weeks, and then given an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We measured the TRP, KYN, and 5-HT levels in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and dorsal raphe nuclei. Isolation housing decreased the KYN/5-HT ratio in the amygdala and dorsal raphe nuclei. LPS increased the KYN/5-HT ratio in all regions except the dorsal raphe nuclei. Thus, isolation housing shifted the balance between the KYN and 5-HT pathways to the 5-HT pathway, whereas systemic administration of LPS shifted it to the KYN pathway.
Prenatal Diagnosis Reveals the Relative Frequencies of Lysosomal Storage Diseases in Japan

Abstract Data collected in our institution, in which approximately one‐fourth of the prenatal diagnoses for inborn errors of metabolism in Japan are performed, suggest somewhat higher prevalences of Gaucher disease and mucolipidoses in Japan than in the United States, European countries and Australia. Hunter disease seems to be more frequent than Hurler disease in Japan while the reverse is true in Europe and Australia. In contrast, family histories of Pompe disease or cystinosis were much less frequent indications for prenatal diagnosis in Japanese than in Caucasian populations. The results of a recent multicenter survey conducted in Japan on the indications for and reliability of prenatal diagnoses for inherited metabolic disease support the conclusions drown from our data. The relative frequencies of each of the lysosomal storage diseases, with the exception of the mucopolysaccharidoses, obtained from our prenatal diagnosis surveys were quite similar to those derived from an epidemiological study of lysosomal storage diseases in Japan. We conclude that prenatal diagnosis can be used an indicator of the prevalences of lysosomal storage diseases in Japan.
Effects of stress, mimicked by administration of corticosterone in drinking water, on the expression of chicken cytokine and chemokine genes in lymphocytes

In this study, we identify molecular mediators that participate in the regulation of the immune response during corticosterone-induced stress in chickens. At 7 weeks of age, 120 chickens were exposed for 1 week to corticosterone treatment. Cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression levels were evaluated in peripheral blood and splenic lymphocytes. Expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-18 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β4 mRNA were significantly up-regulated in lymphocytes 3 h after first treatment with corticosterone. TGF-β4 and IL-18 remained elevated 1 week post-initial treatment. Compared with controls, corticosterone-treated birds showed greater expression levels of chemokine (CC) mRNA, particularly for CCLi2, CCL5 (RANTES), CCL16 and CXCLi1, in peripheral and splenic lymphocytes 3 h post-initial exposure. CCLi2 mRNA was highly expressed in splenocytes at all time-points. Administration of corticosterone significantly increased circulating corticosterone concentrations and decreased total lymphocyte counts at 3, 24 h and 1 week post-initiation of corticosterone treatment. There was a positive correlation between plasma corticosterone concentrations and CCL5 and CCL16 mRNA at 3 h post-initial administration. At 1 week post-initial treatment, corticosterone concentrations correlated positively with CCL5 and negatively with IL-18 mRNA level. Conditions associated with significant changes in corticosterone levels might therefore affect the immune response by increasing pro-inflammatory responses, leading to potential modulation of the Th1/Th2 balance.
Horner's syndrome in cats and dogs: a review

The literature was reviewed and reference made to a retrospective study of cases of Horner's syndrome seen at the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies. It was concluded that the cardinal diagnostic sign of Horner's syndrome is miosis. Ptosis, prolapse of the third eyelid and apparent enophthalmos are frequently presented but other signs of sympathetic deficit such as facial or aural vasodilatation are observed less consistently. The clinical diagnosis may be confirmed by pupillary response to cocaine. Horner's syndrome was frequently associated with trauma and less commonly with neoplasia. In a significant number of cases the cause was undetermined. Lesions of central neurons are reported infrequently while lesions of preganglionic and postganglionic neurons are described more often and appear to have a similar incidence. Preganglionic lesions most frequently involve the thoracic spinal cord and cervical sympathetic trunk while postganglionic lesions usually result from middle ear and retrobulbar disorders. The site of the lesion may be determined on the basis of clinical signs and pupillary response to phenyladrenalin or hydroxyamphetamine which both distinguish postganglionic lesions from preganglionic and central lesions.
Influence of inlet boundary conditions on the local haemodynamics of intracranial aneurysms

Haemodynamics is believed to play an important role in the initiation, growth and rupture of intracranial aneurysms. In this context, computational haemodynamics has been extensively used in an effort to establish correlations between flow variables and clinical outcome. It is common practice in the application of Dirichlet boundary conditions at domain inlets to specify transient velocities as either a flat (plug) profile or a spatially developed profile based on Womersley's analytical solution. This paper provides comparative haemodynamics measures for three typical cerebral aneurysms. Three dimentional rotational angiography images of aneurysms at three common locations, viz. basilar artery tip, internal carotid artery and middle cerebral artery were obtained. The computational tools being developed in the European project @neurIST were used to reconstruct the fluid domains and solve the unsteady Navier–Stokes equations, using in turn Womersley and plug-flow inlet velocity profiles. The effects of these assumptions were analysed and compared in terms of relevant haemodynamic variables within the aneurismal sac. For the aneurysm at the basilar tip geometries with different extensions of the afferent vasculature were considered to study the plausibility of a fully-developed axial flow at the inlet boundaries. The study shows that assumptions made on the velocity profile while specifying inlet boundary conditions have little influence on the local haemodynamics in the aneurysm, provided that a sufficient extension of the afferent vasculature is considered and that geometry is the primary determinant of the flow field within the aneurismal sac. For real geometries the Womersley profile is at best an unnecessary over-complication, and may even be worse than the plug profile in some anatomical locations (e.g. basilar confluence).
Three-dimensional reconstruction and characterization of human external shapes from two-dimensional images using volumetric methods

This work presents a volumetric approach to reconstruct and characterise 3D models of external anatomical structures from 2D images. Volumetric methods represent the final volume using a finite set of 3D geometric primitives, usually designed as voxels. Thus, from an image sequence acquired around the object to reconstruct, the images are calibrated and the 3D models of the referred object are built using different approaches of volumetric methods. The final goal is to analyse the accuracy of the obtained models when modifying some of the parameters of the considered volumetric methods, such as the type of voxel projection (rectangular or accurate), the way the consistency of the voxels is tested (only silhouettes or silhouettes and photo-consistency) and the initial size of the reconstructed volume.
Heat Shock Induces IκB-α and Prevents Stress-Induced Endothelial Cell Apoptosis

Objective: To determine whether prior heat shock would attenuate endothelial cell apoptosis and whether any effect of preemptive heat shock is mediated through a nuclear factor kappa B and inhibitor kappa B α mechanism. Design: A randomized, controlled in vitro study. Setting: A laboratory in a large, academic medical center. Interventions: Cultured primary porcine endothelial cells were treated with increasing doses of sodium arsenite (40-160 μmol/L), after which the interval until subsequent apoptotic (lipopolysaccharide-arsenite) challenge was varied (4-16 hours). The degree of cell death and apoptosis were determined using neutral red uptake and staining with annexin V and propidium iodide, respectively. Inducible heat shock protein 70 and inhibitor kappa B α levels in treated cells were determined by Western blot analysis. Lipopolysaccharide-induced nuclear factor kappa B activity was assessed using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Results: Prior arsenite treatment decreased cell death by apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Specifically, a higher sodium arsenite concentration and shorter intervals afforded better protection (P=.01, 160 μmol/L at 4 hours). Protection against apoptosis correlated with increased heat shock protein 70 and inhibitor kappa B α levels and decreased nuclear factor kappa B binding activity. Conclusions: Arsenite, an inducer of the heat shock response, decreased stress-induced endothelial cell apoptosis. The mechanism of this protection may include decreased nuclear factor kappa B activity or increased inducible heat shock protein 70 levels. Heat shock protein 70 may serve as a molecular marker to determine not only the phenotypic state of the cell but also the durability of protection afforded by heat shock. These data support the hypothesis that stress-induced changes in transcription factor activity and protein expression can regulate the induction of apoptosis. Arch Surg. 1997;132:1283-1288
Vektdokumentasjon, kroppsmasseindeks, måltidsfrekvens og nattefaste blant eldre sykehjemsbeboere — en pilotstudie

Background: Research shows that there is a high occurrence of malnutrition among elderly residents at nursing homes. In Norwegian nursing homes this is seen in the lach of sufficient rutines for weight registration and registration of weight alterration. Furthermore, there is few fixed meals and too long overnight fast. This is why it is important that nurses and nursing students have the necessary competence in this area. Aim: The aim of this study is to examine weight documentation, weight changes, meal frequency and overnight fast among elderly nursing home residents. Method: A total of 243 elderly (≥ 70 years) participated in the study. Data collected was; data for last registered weight, former and present weight, weight change, height, body mass index (BMI), age, length of overnight fast, meal frequency, and length of nursing home stay. Results: Thirty-three percent were weighted according to current guidelines, while 26 % were weighted for between one to twelve months ago. Weight was not registered for 26 %. Forty-two percent had experienced weight loss since last weight registration, 24 % had no weight change and 34 % had increased their weight. The overnight exceeded 11 hours for 98 %. Conclusion: More than half of the residents were not weighted according to guidelines, weight loss were more frequent than weight gain. The overnight fast was too long. Nearly two thirds of the sample in the group are malnourished or at risk of developing malnutrition.
30-Year Outcomes of Dental Implants Supporting Mandibular Fixed Dental Prostheses: A Retrospective Review of 4 Cases

Purpose:The aim of this study was to present the 30-year outcomes of 28 implants supporting mandibular screw-retained fixed dental prostheses (FDPs). Materials and Methods:Dental charts of the 4 patients were carefully reviewed, and it was noticed that they received 28 implants and 5 screw-retained FDPs in 1983 and 1984. The chief concerns raised by these patients were poor retention of their complete dentures and decreased masticatory function at the time of treatment planning. Each dental care they received was recorded in the last 30 years. Implant survival, radiographic, and prosthodontic examinations were performed. Results:No implants were lost after 30 years, giving the implant a survival rate of 100%. The average marginal bone level was 2.6 ± 0.5 mm at the last recall appointment. Of the 5 FDPs delivered, 1 needed replacement, indicating a prosthesis survival rate of 80%. The patients needed 21 repairs such as replacement of denture teeth/gold screws and hard relining, and 19 adjustments such as occlusal adjustments and acrylic resin contouring, over 30 years. Conclusion:This clinical report shows that machined-surface dental implants can successfully support screw-retained fixed dental prostheses for over 30 years, making dental implants an important dental treatment alternative compared to the traditional prosthetic treatment methods.
Endometrial cancer: Not your grandmother's cancer

Worldwide, the incidence of endometrial carcinoma (EC) is rapidly increasing, and the highest disease burden is reported in North America and Western Europe. Although the prognosis remains good for patients with are diagnosed with early stage EC, for those with recurrent or metastatic disease, the options are few, and the median overall survival is short. It is imperative to gain a greater understanding of all aspects of EC, limit its effect on scarce health care resources and, more importantly, prevent this cancer from significantly impacting future generations of women. An exciting new era of endometrial cancer research and clinical management has begun that incorporates biologically and clinically relevant genomic and clinicopathologic parameters. Continued collaborative research efforts and funding are essential if we are to advance our understanding of this disease and improve clinical outcomes. Cancer 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society. Cancer 2016;122:2787–2798. © 2016 American Cancer Society
Effects of Implant Angulation and Impression Coping Type on the Dimensional Accuracy of Impressions

Purpose:To analyze the accuracy of impressions in relation to implant angulation and type of impression coping. Materials and Methods:Three metal master models with 2 implants of 3 different angulations (parallel, mesiodistal, and buccolingual) were fabricated. Nine groups of experimental models were fabricated to duplicate the 3 master models using 3 types of impression copings: transfer, pick-up, and hybrid. The distance between the analogs for each model was measured using a video measuring system. The influence of angulation and type of impression coping was analyzed by a two-way ANOVA (P < 0.05). Results:There were significant differences in error rates in relation to implant angulation and type of impression coping (P < 0.05). Impressions of buccolingually divergent implants with transfer copings showed statistically higher error rates than other groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions:Buccolingual divergence can be a variable that influences the impression accuracy of transfer copings compared with pick-up and hybrid copings. Hybrid copings demonstrate reasonable reproducibility similar to that of pick-up copings.
Correlation Between Stress Distributions and Biological Reactions in Bone Surrounding Implants That Support Cantilevers in Supraocclusal Contact in Rats

Purpose:To investigate the relationship between stress distributions and peri-implant bone reactions around maxillary implants that support cantilevers in supraocclusal contact. Materials and Methods:After molar extraction, 16 Wistar rats received a titanium implant unilaterally. After healing, 8 rats (control group) were killed and the others received implant-supported cantilever superstructures in supraocclusion (loaded group). After 5 days, they were killed. The maxillae of all rats were scanned by microcomputed tomography (&mgr;-CT). Based on the &mgr;-CT images, bone volumes were measured. For the loaded group, 3D finite element models were created and analyzed under 20-N vertical and 5-N lateral forces, successively. After &mgr;-CT scanning, sections were prepared and observed histologically. Results:When compared with the controls, the bone volume tended to decrease in the loaded group, but the difference was not statistically significant. On average, marginal bone resorption and stresses tended to be higher in 2 rats that occluded on the cantilever arm than in the others, which occluded right on the implant, nevertheless, calculated stress did not surpass the maximum elastic stress (yielding strength) of rat bone. However, at the implant-bone interface of these samples, partial bone resorption surrounded by signs of active resorption was histologically found. Conclusion:These findings suggest that in this occlusally loaded rat model, the stress distributions correlated to some extent with bone volume and morphological changes observed on &mgr;-CT images and histological sections.
Evidence to Guide Wound Care

I began this exploration with a search of the literature. Keeping to my preference for systematic reviews that provide a synthesis of the research literature for the reader, I first searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews with the keywords of wound care, which resulted in a list of 40 reviews. Remember that these reviews are conducted by panels of clinical experts and that the reviews include their searching strategies, characteristics of the studies they kept for the review, and then a detailed synthesis and comparison of the research studies with implications for practice. When I limited the search to protocols, the list was reduced to seven publications. These seven evidencebased protocols included topics appropriate for home care such as:
Personal Barriers to Diabetes Care: Is It Me, Them, or Us?: Preface

This From Research to Practice section focuses on personal barriers to diabetes care (Figure 1), emphasizing the need to see through the eyes of those with diabetes if we are to achieve the goals of high quality of life, community participation, and morbidity and mortality rates comparable to the rest of the population. We now know that, in the study setting, we can normalize pregnancy risk1 and greatly reduce the complications of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.2,3 However, we also know that outside of the study setting, we are not doing so well.4,5 What is stopping us? Perhaps the first step is to appreciate that “us” includes those with diabetes and those around them as well as diabetes health professionals. Toni Tripp-Reimer, PhD, RN, FAAN, and her colleagues (p. 13) point out that we should see many of the problems of providing care to those with diabetes as arising from the biomedical culture through which health care is generally delivered. Janice C. Zgibor, RPh, PhD, and Thomas J. Songer, PhD, MSc (p. 23), explain that modern health care is indeed delivered in a way that often makes it difficult for many people with diabetes to effectively carry out self-care. Beth Ann Coonrod, PhD, MPH, RN, CDE (p.28), focuses on how physical factors can hinder self-care and how many of these factors can be overcome with appropriately delivered care. And Russell E. Glasgow, PhD, and his colleagues (p.33) emphasize the many psychological factors that contribute to the decision making and actions of those with diabetes. Throughout this collection of articles, common …
Fast 3D reconstruction of the lower limb using a parametric model and statistical inferences and clinical measurements calculation from biplanar X-rays

In clinical routine, lower limb analysis relies on conventional X-ray (2D view) or computerised tomography (CT) Scan (lying position). However, these methods do not allow 3D analysis in standing position. The aim of this study is to propose a fast and accurate 3D-reconstruction-method based on parametric models and statistical inferences from biplanar X-rays with clinical measurements' (CM) assessment in standing position for a clinical routine use. For the reproducibility study, the 95% CI was under 2.7° for all lower limbs' angular measurements except for tibial torsion, femoral torsion and tibiofemoral rotation ( < 5°). The 95% CI were under 2.5 mm for lower limbs' lengths and 1.5 to 3° for the pelvis' CM. Comparisons between X-rays and CT-scan based 3D shapes in vitro showed mean differences of 1.0 mm (95% CI = 2.4 mm). Comparisons of 2D lower limbs' and 3D pelvis' CM between standing ‘Shifted-Feet’ and ‘Non-Shifted-Feet’ position showed means differences of 0.0 to 1.4°. Significant differences were found only for pelvic obliquity and rotation. The reconstruction time was about 5 min.
Diet and Lifestyle Guidelines for Diabetes: Evidence Based Ayurvedic Perspective

Abstract Background and Aims: Ayurveda strongly emphasize on preventive and promotive aspects of health rather than curative. Centuries ago, Ayurveda laid the concepts of Dinacharya (daily regimen for healthy living), Ritucharya (seasonal regimen for healthy living), Sadvaritta (moral conducts) and Achara Rasayana (social conducts) as well established guidelines for healthy diet and lifestyle; but in current era, hardly anyone aptly follow it. As a result, there is tremendous rise in lifestyle disorders as pandemics, diabetes being the most menacing among them. The aim of this review is to bring into the limelight the Ayurvedic dietary and lifestyle guidelines for prevention of type 2 diabetes and available factual research evidence validating it. Materials and methods: Ayurvedic recommendations for prevention of diabetes were rationally reviewed in light of published information from several articles. Publications in Pubmed, Scopemed, Dhara online and other allied databases covering fields of therapeutics, pharmacology, biomedicine and health were also screened and taken into study for the report. Conclusion: Ayurvedic lifestyle guidelines of adopting a healthy dietary pattern together with physical activity are valuable tools in the prevention of type 2 diabetes.
Minor Tooth Movements Using Microimplant Anchorage: Case Reports

For the treatment of extruded or tipped molars, various conventional techniques have been used. But those methods may lead to undesirable movement of the anchorage units and lengthen treatment time because of limited tooth-borne anchorage potential. Introduction of microimplants as orthodontic anchorage has expanded treatment possibilities because of their advantages. Some advantages are a less complex surgical procedure, decrease in cost, immediate loading, and their ability to be placed in any area of the alveolar bone. This article will illustrate clinical experiences in patients who were treated with the intrusion of overerupted molars, the up-righting of tilted molars, and other clinical applications for minor tooth movements. Anchorage control was achieved with the surgical insertion of titanium microimplants for immediate loading in the alveolar bone. When needed, minimal fixed appliances were used and orthodontic treatment was completed without any other complications.