Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What do others’ reactions to body posting on Instagram tell us? The effects of social media comments on viewers’ body image perception

Studies have highlighted the influence of social media comments on users’ perceptual consequences, but whether this holds true in the body image context is still largely unknown. This experimental study investigated the effects of social media comments on ideal body perception and how it influences one’s own body satisfaction. Results showed that comments guided the viewers’ perceptions of what is considered as “ideal” body. Viewers of favorable comments to body posting reported greater idealization of the body imagery (i.e. ideal-enhancing effects), whereas viewers of unfavorable comments showed a lower level of idealization (i.e. ideal-derogating effects). Also, the indirect effects of comments on body satisfaction via idealization were moderated by individual self-discrepancy between personal ideal and own body. This study sheds light on potentially inspiring or protective role of comments against perfect-looking bodies on social media while calling attention to the need for reconsidering the media effects theory for body image.
Conditional probability of the daily minimum temperature in certain types of circulation on a seasonal basis in the Zywiec Valley in Southern Poland

Abstract Air minimum temperature is very important for the natural environment and human activity. This paper presents certain aspects related to the variability of daily minimum temperature of air in the winter (XII, I, II) in the Zywiec Valley, in relation to the synoptic situation in the valley. The analysis is based on the results of research carried out at one point node (the grid) obtained from the base Carpat Clim database. The node is located at the bottom of the Zywiec Valley in the period 1961-2010. The study was complemented with a comprehensive analysis of local conditions for atmospheric circulation and temporal variability over a 50 years period. For this purpose, the classification of types of atmospheric circulation (Niedźwiedź 1981) was used for the upper Vistula river basin. Extreme temperatures included an average minimum temperature of air exceeding the 90th and 95th percentile. The relationship between the extremes of air temperature and atmospheric circulation types was examined by analyzing the frequency of occurrence of extreme values and their conditional occurrence in each particular type of atmospheric circulation.
Protected areas are now the last strongholds for many imperiled mammal species

The global network of terrestrial protected areas (PAs) has experienced a fourfold expansion since the 1970s. Yet, there is increasing debate around the role of the global PA estate in covering and sustaining threatened species, with serious ramifications for current PA financing and the setting of post‐2020 global conservation targets. By comparing “past” (1970s) and current distribution range of 237 mammals, and measuring the proportion of range covered by PAs in the past and in the present, we show that a small number of PAs have now become the last bastions of hope for ensuring the persistence of many mammal species. For 187 species (∼79% of those analyzed) the proportion of range covered by PAs has doubled over the time period, with 10% of all species now having most of their current range protected. This increase in proportional protection over time is largely due to a retreat of species distribution (outside existing PAs) and, in smaller part, to PA expansion. It is clear that adequately resourcing those PAs critical in sustaining mammal species is now essential, to avert a worldwide rapid mammal loss.
VOCABULARY DEPTH KNOWLEDGE AND ACADEMIC READING COMPREHENSION OF BUSINESS EFL UNDERGRADUATES: A CORRELATIONAL DESIGN STUDY

Purpose of the study: An in-depth investigation of vocabulary depth knowledge by lexical researchers plays an important role in language learning and teaching. The present study examined vocabulary depth knowledge of Business EFL learners and its correlation and prediction to academic reading comprehension, employing morphological knowledge and analytical relations with syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations as part of vocabulary depth knowledge. Methodology: The study employed standard multiple regression analysis under a quantitative approach among 120 Business undergraduate EFL students at the tertiary level. Main Findings: Results showed vocabulary depth knowledge, i.e., syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations, had the strongest and significant correlation with reading comprehension compared to other independent variables. Significantly, vocabulary knowledge, combined with paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations, was found to be a significant and unique predictor of academic reading comprehension. About 62.2 percent of the variance in academic reading comprehension was explained jointly by all three independent variables. About 32 percent of the variance was explained by the vocabulary depth knowledge test alone. Also, syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations, representing the depth of vocabulary knowledge test made the most significant unique contribution (uniquely explained about 20.25 percent) to explaining academic reading comprehension in comparison with other dimensions of vocabulary depth knowledge. These findings were elaborated in the perspective of combined paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations as the depth of vocabulary knowledge, derivative word forms as morphological knowledge, part-whole relations as analytic relations and their relationship and contribution to reading comprehension. Applications of this study: The study suggests that the depth of vocabulary knowledge would have a practical use for the students, English teachers at the tertiary level and further implications for lexical researchers. Novelty/Originality of this study: The inclusion of analytic relations with paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations and morphological knowledge, which represented the depth of vocabulary knowledge, has added to the body of lexical knowledge.
Captivity and exposure to the emerging fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans are linked to perturbation and dysbiosis of the amphibian skin microbiome

The emerging fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) is responsible for the catastrophic decline of European salamanders and poses a threat to amphibians globally. The amphibian skin microbiome is strongly associated with disease outcome for several host-pathogen systems, yet its role in Bsal infection remains unresolved. In addition, many in-vivo Bsal studies to date have relied on specimens that have been kept in captivity for long periods without considering the influence of environment on the microbiome and how this may impact the host response to pathogen exposure. We characterised the impact of captivity and exposure to Bsal on the skin bacterial and fungal communities of two co-occurring European newt species, the smooth newt (Lissotriton vulgaris) and the great-crested newt (Triturus cristatus). Bsal infection and subsequent mortality in both newt species was associated with perturbation of the skin microbiome and possible dysbiosis. In addition, reduced microbial diversity and changes in microbiome structure accompanied the transition of newts from the wild to captivity, suggesting a possible decline in microbe-associated protection and increased risk of infection by opportunistic pathogens. Our findings advance current understanding of the role of host-associated microbiota in Bsal infection and highlight important considerations for ex-situ amphibian conservation programmes.
A Data Simulation Method of Bank Fraud Transaction Based on Flow-Based Generative Model

In order to solve the problem of category imbalance caused by the shortage of bank fraud transaction data, this paper proposes a bank fraud transaction data simulation method based on flow-based generative model. On the basis of the flow-based generative model and the real fraudulent transaction data of the bank, this method designs a generative model suitable for the bank data, and learns the distribution of the real data through the generators G and G-1. The experimental results show that mixing the generated simulated data and real business data in a certain proportion to train the fraud detection model can improve the detection effect of the model to a certain extent.
Cellular adaptations in vestibular epithelia of the Egyptian fruit bat

Author(s): Choy, Kristel Rae Wing Yee | Advisor(s): Hoffman, Larry F; Metzner, Walter H | Abstract: Bats are highly agile animals by virtue of their flight and echolocation behaviors, and they are acknowledged to be “spatiotemporal integration specialists. ” In order to avoid obstacles, scavenge food, and capture prey, bats must be able to navigate a three-dimensional space. In flight, bats must perform high speed navigation through obstacles using a blend of sensory modalities including vision and echolocation. While some bat species exhibit structural adaptations to their cochleae as an adaptation to the demands of echolocation, there is an absence architectural adaptation of the vestibular labyrinth that would accommodate the increased demands for high frequency head movement coding associated with agile movement. The present study tested the hypothesis that there may exist cellular adaptations within the vestibular epithelia consistent with increased capability for high fidelity head movement coding. This was accomplished using immunohistochemical analyses focusing primarily in the striolae of the utricles of Rousettus aegyptiacus and Mus musculus, regions bounded by the presence of calretinin (Calb2) positive calyces. Hair cell counts revealed increased proportions of type I hair cells (hair cells surrounded by calyces) in Rousettus when compared to Mus (72.6% i? ½ 3.5% and 57.2% i? ½ 2.7%, respectively, pl10-5). Additionally, Rousettus exhibits increases in the proportion of complex calyces in the striola when compared to Mus. Ocm, a calcium binding protein expressed in vestibular hair cells, is also observed to have expanded expression in Rousettus and Mus both in the striola as well as the extrastriolar regions. These novel findings indicate that vestibular epithelia of Rousettus exhibit cellular adaptations over Mus that are consistent with increases in head movement coding capability associated with agile movement in flight.
Stock Price Forecasting with Deep Learning: A Comparative Study

The long short-term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) models are popular deep-learning architectures for stock market forecasting. Various studies have speculated that incorporating financial news sentiment in forecasting could produce a better performance than using stock features alone. This study carried a normalized comparison on the performances of LSTM and GRU for stock market forecasting under the same conditions and objectively assessed the significance of incorporating the financial news sentiments in stock market forecasting. This comparative study is conducted on the cooperative deep-learning architecture proposed by us. Our experiments show that: (1) both LSTM and GRU are circumstantial in stock forecasting if only the stock market features are used; (2) the performance of LSTM and GRU for stock price forecasting can be significantly improved by incorporating the financial news sentiments with the stock features as the input; (3) both the LSTM-News and GRU-News models are able to produce better forecasting in stock price equally; (4) the cooperative deep-learning architecture proposed in this study could be modified as an expert system incorporating both the LSTM-News and GRU-News models to recommend the best possible forecasting whichever model can produce dynamically.
Enhancing plant diversity in agricultural landscapes promotes both rare bees and dominant crop-pollinating bees through complementary increase in key floral resources

Summary Enhancing key floral resources is essential to effectively mitigate the loss of pollinator diversity and associated provisioning of pollination functions in agro-ecosystems. However, effective floral provisioning measures may diverge among different pollinator conservation targets, such as the conservation of rare species or the promotion of economically important crop pollinators. We examined to what extent such diverging conservation goals could be reconciled. We analysed plant–bee visitation networks of 64 herbaceous semi-natural habitats representing a gradient of plant species richness to identify key resource plants of the three distinct conservation target groups: rare bees (of conservation concern), dominant wild crop-pollinating bees and managed crop-pollinating bees (i.e. honeybees). Considering overall flower visitation, rare bees tended to visit nested subsets of plant species that were also visited by crop pollinators (46% and 77% nestedness in the dissimilarity between rare bees and wild crop pollinators or managed honeybees respectively). However, the set of preferred plant species, henceforth ‘key plant species’ (i.e. those species disproportionately more visited than expected according to their floral abundance) was considerably more distinct and less nested among bee target groups. Flower visits of all bee target groups increased with plant species richness at a similar rate. Importantly, our analyses revealed that an exponential increase in the flower abundance of the identified key plant species and complementarity in the bee visitation pattern across plant species ─ rather than total flower abundance ─ were the major drivers of these relationships. Synthesis and applications. We conclude that the multiple goals of preserving high bee diversity, conserving rare species and sustaining crop pollinators can be reconciled if key plant species of different target groups are simultaneously available. This availability is facilitated by a high floral resource complementarity in the plant community. The list of identified key resource plant species we provide here can help practitioners such as land managers and conservationists to better design and evaluate pollinator conservation and restoration measures according to their goals. Our findings highlight the importance of identifying and promoting such plant species for pollinator conservation in agricultural landscapes.
Effects of hypobaric hypoxia on respiratory and motor function in spinal cord injury rats

Objective To investigate the effect of hypobaric hypoxia on the respiratory function of C5 spinal cord injury rats by simulating the environment of low pressure and low oxygen in air transport. Methods 20 male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham operation group (n=4), spinal cord injury group (n=8) and spinal cord injury + low pressure group (n=8). Spinal cord injury model was made by compression method. These rats in the three groups were treated with carotid artery catheterization, and were fed for 24 hours. Spinal cord injury + low pressure group was put into 2500 m low pressure environment for 4 hours. Arterial blood gas, blood routine test, HE staining of the spinal cord and lung tissue were detected to evaluate respiratory function, and BBB score was used to evaluate motor function of rats. Results There was no significant difference between the three groups in pH, oxygen partial pressure, carbon dioxide partial pressure, oxygen saturation, glucose, lactate, alkali surplus, buffer alkali and other indicators (P>0.05). The percentage of reticulocyte in spinal cord injury group was lower than that in sham operation group (2.05%±0.69% vs. 2.88%±0.20%, P=0.034), there was no significant difference between spinal cord injury + low pressure group and other two groups (2.37%±0.59% vs. 2.88%±0.20%, P=0.178; 2.37%±0.59% vs. 2.05%±0.69%, P=0.282). There was no significant difference among the three groups in the leukocyte counts and percentage of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, erythrocytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit (P>0.05). HE staining showed that there was no obvious bleeding and exudative changes in spinal cord in sham operation group, and the tissue structure was intact. The histological integrity of spinal cord injury group and spinal cord injury + low pressure group was significantly different from that of sham operation group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. There was no significant difference in bleeding, exudation and edema between the three groups, and the alveolar structure was intact. BBB score showed no significant difference between spinal cord injury group and spinal cord injury + low pressure group (P=0.440). Conclusion The respiratory and motor function of C5 spinal cord injury rats would not be significantly affected by 4 hours of low pressure and hypoxia. DOI: 10.11855/j.issn. 0577-7402.2020. 08.05
Analyses of cancer data in the Genomic Data Commons Data Portal with new functionalities in the TCGAbiolinks R/Bioconductor package

The advent of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies has opened new perspectives in deciphering the genetic mechanisms underlying complex diseases. Nowadays, the amount of genomic data is massive and substantial efforts and new tools are required to unveil the information hidden in the data. The Genomic Data Commons (GDC) Data Portal is a large data collection platform that includes different genomic studies included the ones from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) initiatives, accounting for more than 40 tumor types originating from nearly 30000 patients. Such platforms, although very attractive, must make sure the stored data are easily accessible and adequately harmonized. Moreover, they have the primary focus on the data storage in a unique place, and they do not provide a comprehensive toolkit for analyses and interpretation of the data. To fulfill this urgent need, comprehensive but easily accessible computational methods for integrative analyses of genomic data without renouncing a robust statistical and theoretical framework are needed. In this context, the R/Bioconductor package TCGAbiolinks was developed, offering a variety of bioinformatics functionalities. Here we introduce new features and enhancements of TCGAbiolinks in terms of i) more accurate and flexible pipelines for differential expression analyses, ii) different methods for tumor purity estimation and filtering, iii) integration of normal samples from the Genotype-Tissue-Expression (GTEx) platform iv) support for other genomics datasets, here exemplified by the TARGET data. Evidence has shown that accounting for tumor purity is essential in the study of tumorigenesis, as these factors promote confounding behavior regarding differential expression analysis. Henceforth, we implemented these filtering procedures in TCGAbiolinks. Moreover, a limitation of some of the TCGA datasets is the unavailability or paucity of corresponding normal samples. We thus integrated into TCGAbiolinks the possibility to use normal samples from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project, which is another large-scale repository cataloging gene expression from healthy individuals. The new functionalities are available in the TCGABiolinks v 2.8 and higher released in Bioconductor version 3.7.
Evaluation of yield and nitrogen utilisation with urease and nitrification inhibitors in sweet potato crop (Ipomoea batatas L.)

Abstract Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is a new tuber crop grown in Greece. It constitutes an innovative dietary component for both humans and animals, due to its nutritional properties. The cultivation of sweet potato focuses on the growth of both tubers and plants. Nitrogen is considered an essential element for almost all crops. This study set out to compare the effect of nitrogen inhibitors on yield components of sweet potato. In the literature, it is stated that in sweet potato cultivation nitrogen mainly affects the plants’ growth such as the tuber's yield and some quality characteristics such as dry matter and protein content. To furthermore explore this particular area, field experiments took place in West Greece, during the years 2018 and 2019. Several urea combination treatments were used in the experimental process. The treatments were urea (46-0-0), urea with urease inhibitor (UI), urea with nitrification inhibitor (NI), urea with double inhibitors (UI + NI) and control (without fertilizer) in a randomised complete block design. Leaf area index (LAI) was significantly affected by the fertilizer marking the highest value of 5.35 under urea + UI + NI treatment. Marketable yield was profoundly affected by the fertilizer in the experimental years and ranged from 18,180 to 23,230 Kg · ha−1 whereas non-marketable yield was not affected by the fertilizer. A considerable impact of fertilizers was noticed on yield where the highest value was 30,923 Kg · ha−1 under urea + NI + UI treatment. The percentage of nitrogen on tubers and upper parts was significantly affected by the fertilizers. Nitrogen markers, such as nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), nitrogen harvest index and nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE), were used to evaluate nitrogen release. A significant positive correlation was noticed between marketable yield and NUE (0.774). Also, the significant increase in yield showed a positive correlation with NAE (0.727). For yield components of sweet potato, the highest values were observed in urea with double inhibitors treatment in both experimental years.
Functional and biological properties of enzymatically modified wheat gluten

In order to confirm the gluten potential for inclusion into functional foods, the synergistic effect of the heat treatment and controlled enzymatic hydrolysis on the functional and the antioxidant properties of alcalase-assisted wheat gluten hydrolysates (AWGHs) have been first discussed. For this purpose, wheat gluten was heat-treated during 30 min at 75 °C and intensively hydrolyzed with alcalase at degree of hydrolysis (DH) 16.1%, 22.9%, and 30.2%. All the hydrolysates had excellent solubility over a pH range of 2–12. Emulsifying activity and stability were also improved, while proteolysis was deleterious to foam capacity and stability, water-holding capacity, fat-binding capacity and did not show improvement at higher DH (22.9% and 30.2%). As well, controlled hydrolysis of heat-treated gluten resulted in a remarkable improvement in antioxidant activities. The results show that the heat-treated AWGHs were superior to the untreated hydrolysate in the functional and antioxidant properties tested. The further aim of the thesis was to find the optimal operational andprocess parameters for the enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat gluten in abatch stirred bioreactor regarding degree of hydrolysis, functional properties andantioxidant capacity of the obtained hydrolysates. It appeared thatimpeller geometry and agitation speed influenced the mass transferresulting in enhanced gluten hydrolysis. The highest initial reaction rate (0.83±0.02 min) and degree of hydrolysis (30.47%) were achievedwith the pitched fourbladed impeller and agitation speed of 350-450rpm, conditions which provided proper balance between requirements foradequate mass/heat transfer and low shear stress. The highest DH was achieved with the lowest gluten concentration and higher pH value. These results may be connected to an increased product and/or substrate inhibition, insufficient mixing, steric hindrance and lack of cleavage sites at higher gluten concentration. The low solubility of gluten at neutral pH might have contributed to low DH obtained and this was pronounced athigher gluten concentration. The impact of selected process conditions including gluten concentration, temperature, pH andenzyme-gluten (E/S) ratio on the enzymatic reaction was also