Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Frontal wedge deformation near the source region of the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake

We report an uplift of 5 m with a horizontal displacement of more than 60 m due to the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake. The uplift was measured by an ocean‐bottom pressure gauge installed before the earthquake on a frontal wedge, which formed an uplift system near the Japan Trench. Horizontal displacements of the frontal wedge were measured using local benchmark displacements obtained by acoustic ranging before and after the earthquake. The average displacements at the frontal wedge were 58 m east and 74 m east‐southeast. These results strongly suggest a huge coseismic slip beneath the frontal wedge on the plate boundary. The estimated magnitude of the slip along the main fault was 80 m near the trench. Our results suggest that the horizontal and vertical deformations of the frontal wedge due to the slip generated the tremendous tsunami that struck the coastal area of northeastern Japan.
FACEBOOK + MOODLE: ENVIRONMENTS TO FOSTER STUDENTS’ INVOLVEMENT IN DISTANCE LEARNING

Web 2.0 has changed our daily lives, and is now part of our society, both professionally and for entertainment. As Education changes, accompanying society, it has evolved to become more personal, focused on knowledge, reflexive, socially connected and involved, as to include not only the digital natives, but also the digital immigrants [1]. Students are now acquiring skills and competences that allow them to use digital tools to research, select information and reflect upon it, work collaboratively and share their created knowledge online. As the use of Web 2.0 tools increases in Higher Education Institutions for learning and knowledge creation, to be connected is now a relevant skill, especially for students in Distance learning, not only to overcome isolation, but also to help create online informal communities using 2.0 tools, giving a sense of belonging, fostering involvement and collectively create and share knowledge. According to Forbes, in December 2013, Facebook is still the online social network with more users “Facebook continues to lead the pack in terms of number of active monthly users (1.15 billion at last count). ” [2]. As for Moodle, it is the most used open source LMS in Higher Education Institutions. This paper reflects on the possible implications that the use of formal and informal learning platforms can bring to online distance learning in higher education, and discusses how the complementary use of these two platforms (Facebook and Moodle) can contribute to the students’ involvement and effective learning.
Workers’ Mobilization and Industrial Transformation: The case of the Cooperative Viome

This research is aiming to establish a causality between the questionable governance of the Philkeram cluster and the radical mobilization of the work-ers of Viome. In this case, the occupation of Viome’s factory and the estab-lishment of a cooperative, as the administration of it, followed the bankruptcy of the cluster. Main purpose of the research is to identify the reasons of Viome workers’ mobilization, to root them in the structural characteristics of firms that operate under concentrated ownership, and to compare them with the mobilization theory that was principally established by John Kelly.
Optimal Income Taxations with Information Asymmetry: The Lagrange Multiplier Approach

This paper considers a general class dynamic optimal problem with incen- tive compatible constraints. The first-order conditions are derived using the Lagrange multiplier method. Applied the methods developed here, the optimal taxation problems studied by Mirrlees (1971) and Golosov et al. (2003) for more general form utility function are reexamined in this paper. The explicit solutions for optimal income taxations are derived in this paper. Finally, we present numerical solutions for optimal income taxations.
Ownership Structure and Political Rent Seeking: The Case of Japan

The present paper examines how ownership structure of a …rm aects its political rent seeking behav- ior, focusing on Japanese political economy. In the …rst part of the paper, I develop a simple moral-hazard model to demonstrate that a …rm tends to engage in political activities more aggressively when parts of its shares are held by other …rms and/or by …nancial intermediaries. In the second half of the paper, I test the prediction using the database of about 2300 publicly traded …rms annually observed from year 1991 to 2003. Findings are consistent with the theoretical prediction. Both shareholdings by other non- …nancial …rms and those by …nancial institutions have statistically signi…cant eects, and the sizes of the eects remain stable in all the speci…cations. During the sample period, the number of ex-bureaucrats in the boards increases by 4 percent when other …rms' shareholdings increase by one percent point. Similarly, one percent point increase in the share of …nancial institutions increases the number by 2.7 percent. but I am still not done with writing.
Fokker–Planck description for a linear delayed Langevin equation with additive Gaussian noise

We construct an equivalent probability description of linear multi-delay Langevin equations subject to additive Gaussian white noise. By exploiting the time-convolutionless transform and a time variable transformation we are able to write a Fokker–Planck equation (FPE) for the 1-time and for the 2-time probability distributions valid irrespective of the regime of stability of the Langevin equations. We solve exactly the derived FPEs and analyze the aging dynamics by studying analytically the conditional probability distribution. We discuss explicitly why the initially conditioned distribution is not sufficient to describe fully out a non-Markov process as both preparation and observation times have bearing on its dynamics. As our analytic procedure can also be applied to linear Langevin equations with memory kernels, we compare the non-Markov dynamics of a one-delay system with that of a generalized Langevin equation with an exponential as well as a power law memory. Application to a generalization of the Green–Kubo formula is also presented.
Tropical forest dynamics across a rainfall gradient and the impact of an El Niño dry season

Tropical forest demography and dynamics were examined in three inventory plots across a precipitation gradient in central Panama. The harsh dry season of 1998 that accompanied the 1997–98 El Niño was spanned by censuses at all three sites. The wet and intermediate plots were similar in total species richness, the dry site somewhat lower in diversity; all three sites differed substantially from each other in species composition. Forest-wide growth of large trees was higher at the wet and intermediate sites than at the dry site, but sapling growth was highest at the dry site and lowest at the intermediate site. Forest-wide growth differences were reflected by individual species, for example, saplings of species at the dry site grew faster than saplings of the same species at the intermediate site. Forest-wide mortality was lowest at the dry site and highest at the wet, and this difference was also reflected by individual species. We suggest that low mortality and growth in the drier forest was due to the longer annual dry season and higher deciduousness, and that high sapling growth at the dry site was due to greater light penetration to the forest floor. Growth rates were elevated at all three sites during 1998, possibly due to reduced cloud-cover during the El Niño. Contrary to expectation, mortality during 1998 was not elevated at wet and intermediate sites during the El Niño drought, but was at the dry site. Finally, we found that some species performed poorly at one site and declined in abundance, while having stable or increasing populations at another site, demonstrating that the communities are not at equilibrium.
Reference Tracking and Profit Optimization of a Power Plant

In this paper we discuss two different methods for implementing reference tracking in a profit optimization problem of a power plant. It is shown that tracking included as a side constraint results in an significant tracking error only when the reference gradient is large. When tracking is included in the cost function, as a quadratic term, the reference is tracked with a small accumulated error. Finally, the two methods are compared both in terms of tracking performance and computational burden.
The Duration of Economic Expansions and Recessions: More than Duration Dependence

One widespread idea in the business cycles literature is that the older is an expansion or contraction, the more likely it is to end. This paper tries to provide further empirical support for this idea of positive duration dependence and, at the same time, control for the effects of other factors like leading indicators, the duration of the previous phase, investment, price of oil and external influences on the duration of expansions and contractions. This study employs for the first time a discrete-time duration model to analyse the impact of those variables on the likelihood of an expansion and contraction ending for a group of industrial countries over the last fifty years. The evidence provided in this paper suggests that the duration of expansions and contractions is not only dependent on their actual age: the duration of expansions is also positively dependent on the behaviour of the variables in the OECD composite leading indicator and on private investment, and negatively affected by the price of oil and by the occurrence of a peak in the US business cycle; the duration of a contraction is negatively affected by its actual age and by the duration of the previous expansion.
Harm-focused policing

Anyone who knows me will tell you that I am absolutely among the worst of conference attendees. I believe this is an occupational hazard: University Professors are frequently drawn from the ranks of those who like to talka and who can usually only sustain interest when confronted with highly appealing new ideas or seriously engaging material. I am no exception, and this is why I am frequently found haunting the hallways of hotels and convention centres, waiting for someone interesting to also make a precipitous exit. In many instances, my flights to the corridors reap unexpected rewards. This was the case in August 2015, when, instead of watching PowerPoint slides flicker across a screen, I wandered over to a table sponsored by the Police Foundation and started rifling through their printed materials. Among the pieces I subsequently stashed in my purse to cart home, was a research bulletin written by the criminologist Jerry Ratcliffe (2015) with the title, ‘Harm focused policing. ’
Agriculture: From a Development Perspective to Plant Resource Domestication

Plant Resource Domestication (PRD) is generally accepted as a continuum of different phases of human-plant interactions but its value in the development of agriculture remains to be explored. The origin of PRD can be traced to an initial transfer of valuable native plants from their natural habitats to agricultural ecosystems. The later phase of the domestication process involves the genetic improvement of cultivated plants. Plants subjected to the different aspects of domestication manifest a modification to their form and an enhancement of their function. As cultivated plants manifest profound changes in morphology and physiology so also they progress into becoming crops that are highly productive. The higher productivity that defines the latter stages of PRD is often achieved through series of selection and plant breeding programmes. These stages or Plant Development Levels provide clues into the development pattern intrinsic to agriculture and inform the proposal concerning the nature of agriculture as well as its development.
A Family of Highly Ordered Mesoporous Polymer Resin and Carbon Structures from Organic−Organic Self-Assembly

The syntheses of a family of highly ordered mesoporous polymers and carbon frameworks from organic−organic assembly of triblock copolymers with soluble, low-molecular-weight phenolic resin precursors (resols) by an evaporation induced self-assembly strategy have been reported in detail. The family members include two-dimensional hexagonal (space group, p6m), three-dimensional bicontinuous (Ia3d), body-centered cubic (Im3m), and lamellar mesostructures, which are controlled by simply adjusting the ratio of phenol/template or poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide) in the templates. A five-step mechanism from organic−organic assembly has been demonstrated. Cubic FDU-14 with a gyroidal mesostructure of polymer resin or carbon has been synthesized for the first time by using the copolymer Pluronic P123 as a template in a relatively narrow range. Upon calcination at 350 °C, the templates should be removed to obtain mesoporous polymers, and further heating at above a critical temperature of 600 °C transfor.
Dietary vitamin E inhibits the trans 10-18:1 shift in beef backfat

Forty feedlot steers were fed a barley-grain-based finishing diet typical for western Canada, with two levels of supplementary vitamin E (468 or 1069 IU head-1 d-1) and the effect on backfat trans-18:1 isomeric profile was determined. Feeding 1068 IU vitamin E reduced the total trans-18:1 content in backfat (P < 0.01), as well as the percentage of trans 10-18:1 (P < 0.001), which are related to an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. On the other hand, trans 11-18:1 (vaccenic acid) the precursor for cis 9,trans 11-18:2 (rumenic acid), which have several purported health benefits, increased (P < 0.01). Vitamin E could, therefore, be used to decrease trans-18:1 in beef and improve its isomeric profile.Key words: Beef, trans fatty acid, vaccenic acid, vitamin E
Support Vector Machine (SVM) based Rain Area Detection from Kalpana-1 Satellite Data

Rain is one of the major components of water cycle; extreme rain events can cause destruction and misery due to flash flood and droughts. Therefore, assessing rainfall at high temporal and spatial resolution is of fundamental importance which can be achieved only by satellite remote sensing. Though there are many algorithms developed for estimation of rainfall using satellite data, they suffer from various drawbacks. One such challenge in satellite rainfall estimation is to detect rain and no-rain areas properly. To address this problem, in the present study we have used the Support Vector Machines (SVM). It is significant to note that this is the first study to report the utility of SVM in detecting rain and no-rain areas. The developed SVM based index performance has been evaluated by comparing with two most popular rain detection methods used for Indian regions i.e. Simple TIR threshold used in Global Precipitation Index (GPI) technique and Roca method used in Insat Multi Spectral Rainfall Algorithm (IMSRA). Performance of the above considered indices has been analyzed by considering various categorical statistics like Probabil ity of Detection (POD), Probability of no-rain detection (POND), Accuracy, Bias, False Alarm Ratio (FAR) and Heidke Skill Score (HSS). The obtained results clearly show that the new SVM based index performs much better than the earlier indices.
External Forces on Africa’s Democracy and Development

The argument for Africa’s advancement has primarily been discussed on various fronts and amply tied to democracy and development. This notwithstanding, such discourse has neglected the evolutionary process of our political history and development. The need for this review article however, is to reinvigorate the need for African leaders and political actors as well as their foreign counterparts to pay attention to some of the recurrent issues that has stifled the growth of the African continent in particular. In addressing the issues from past to present, attention has been paid to the colonial legacy as well as the question of colonization, history, definition and structure among others.
The Long-Term Operating Performance of European Mergers and Acquisitions

We investigate the long-term profitability of corporate takeovers of which both the acquiring and target companies are from Continental Europe or the UK. We employ four different measures of operating performance that allow us to overcome a number of measurement limitations of the previous literature, which yielded inconsistent conclusions. Both acquiring and target companies significantly outperform the median peers in their industry prior to the takeovers, but the raw profitability of the combined firm decreases significantly following the takeover. However, this decrease becomes insignificant after we control for the performance of the peer companies which are chosen in order to control for industry, size and pre-event performance. None of the takeover characteristics (such as means of payment, geographical scope, and industry-relatedness) explain the post-acquisition operating performance. Still, we find an economically significant difference in the long-term performance of hostile versus friendly takeovers, and of tender offers versus negotiated deals: the performance deteriorates following hostile bids and tender offers. The acquirer's leverage prior takeover seems to have no impact on the post-merger performance of the combined firm, whereas the acquirer's cash holdings are negatively related to performance. This suggests that companies with excessive cash holdings suffer from free cash flow problems and are more likely to make poor acquisitions. Acquisitions of relatively large targets result in better profitability of the combined firm subsequent to the takeover, whereas acquisitions of a small target lead to a profitability decline.
Professional Roles in News Content: Analyzing Journalistic Performance in the Chilean National Press

This article examines the presence of six dimensions of professional roles in news—watchdog, disseminator-interventionist, civic, loyal-facilitator, service, and infotainment— by means of a quantitative content analysis of 1,988 news stories published by the national desk of five Chilean national newspapers in 2010. The study also analyzes differences between the quality press and the popular press, as well as between different news topics, providing empirical evidence about the ways in which media orientation and journalistic beats can shape journalistic performance. Our results indicate that, overall, the disseminator role is the most commonly used in Chilean news, followed by the entertainment and civic roles. The watchdog, service, and especially the loyal-facilitator roles were, in turn, almost absent. The data also show “that the presence of the analyzed dimensions of professional roles in news content depends on both the media orientation and the journalistic beat. While the infotainment and disseminator roles are more influenced by the orientation of the media—elite versus popular—the watchdog, service, civic and loyal-facilitator roles are more influenced by the main topic of the story.
The effect of pre-storage leukoreduction on the levels of expression and shedding of the pro-inflammatory molecule P-Sel in random PRP platelets

Background and Objectives During storage, functional activity of platelets is affected by platelet storage lesion (PSL). The over-expression of P-Selectin is one of the most important evidence of platelet activation, thereby monitoring P-Sel expression and shedding can be considered as an index for performance in platelet concentrates. Materials and Methods Ten PRP-platelet concentrates obtained from Tehran Regional Educational Blood Transfusion Center were subdivided into two groups of usual platelets and leuko-reduced platelets following pre-storage filtration. Flow-cytometery and ELISA were used to evaluate P-Sel expression and shedding, respectively. Data were analyzed by one way-Anova and MannWhitney U tests using Graphpad software. Results In filtered products, P-Sel expression on days 1, 3 and 5 after storage were 13.5 ± 1.8%, 15.2 ± 1.2% and 27.4 ± 2.5% , respectively. The results showed a sinificant increase of expression in day 5, compared to that in day 1 and 3. In non-filtered products, P-Sel expression on days 1, 3 and 5 were 7.4 ± 1.7%, 21 ± 2%, and 10 ± 2.2%, respectively. Increased expression in day 3 was followed by a significant decrease in day 5, that might be due to the loss of receptors via shedding and/or microparticulation during platelet post-activation. The levels of soluble P-Sel in filtered products were significantly less than unfiltered products in day 3. Conclusions Considering the expression and shedding of P-Sel, this study proposes that the leuko-reduction process favor less PSL effect during the storage of platelet products.
Promotions, Labor Markets and Skill Acquisition

We study incentives for skill acquisition when skills cannot be contracted on. Our framework has two features. First, workers can acquire both rm specic and general skills at a cost, and second, job assignments signal skill acquisition to a less informed labor market. Our key insight is that each skill performs a dierent function. The rm specic
Spectacle cycles with coefficients and modular forms of half-integral weight

In this paper we present a geometric way to extend the Shintani lift from even weight cusp forms for congruence subgroups to arbitrary modular forms, in particular Eisenstein series. This is part of our efforts to extend in the noncompact situation the results of Kudla-Millson and Funke-Millson relating Fourier coefficients of (Siegel) modular forms with intersection numbers of cycles (with coefficients) on orthogonal locally symmetric spaces. In the present paper, the cycles in question are the classical modular symbols with nontrivial coefficients. We introduce "capped" modular symbols with coefficients which we call "spectacle cycles" and show that the generating series of cohomological periods of any modular form over the spectacle cycles is a modular form of half-integral weight. In the last section of the paper we develop a new simplicial homology theory with local coefficients (that are not locally constant) that allows us to extend the above results to orbifold quotients of the upper half plane.
Ascertainment of risk factors and clinical course for neonates with early onset sepsis in a tertiary care hospital, rural area, Punjab

Neonatal sepsis is the most common cause for neonatal mortality and morbidity. Early onset neonatal sepsis manifests during the first week of life. Three-fourth of neonatal deaths occurs in the first week and more than one-fourth occur in the first 24 hours. The aetiology is the acquisition of pathogens from the maternal genital tract in early onset neonatal sepsis, whereas late onset sepsis manifests after first week till 28 days of life has its basis either from the community or from hospital. Early onset sepsis can manifest as asymptomatic bacteraemia, generalized sepsis, pneumonia or meningitis. Even the presence of one or two signs or the presence of one risk factor in the mother is given due consideration in arriving at an appropriate diagnosis and institution of appropriate and adequate treatment to the neonate. Since the presentation is varied and subtle signs are present, an efficient and vigilant action is required so as to reduce the morbidity and mortality. A sepsis screen is usually performed in the neonate with no signs or symptoms of sepsis but only the presence of risk factors. Hence, risk ABSTRACT