Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
USE OF A DIELECTRIC LENS FOR EXPERIMENTAL MICROWAVE IRRADIATION OF THE EYE *

Because information on the relative cataractogenic potencies of microwave radiation at different frequencies is lacking, we have undertaken a quantitative comparison of two particular frequencies, 2.45 and 10 GHz, when applied a s single-dose continuous wave radiation to the eyes of rabbits under similar conditions of power density and duration of exposure. In much of the previous work on microwave induction of lens opacities, irradiations have been performed close to a dipole antenna,'-' but the difficulty of achieving reliable and reproducible measurements of power density in this near-zone field5.6. 10 renders this method unsuitable for the purposes of a quantitative study, although it possesses the advantage of limiting the radiation generally to the eye region. Far-zone field radiation offers several advantages, including greater field uniformity and reliability and ease of power density measurements. However, a-crucial disadvantage is that the whole body is subjected to radiation, and the resultant resonant heating may cause death from hyperthermia,7s8 which would thus terminate the experiment almost before it has begun. Attempts to shield all but the target area by microwave absorbent material alter the field unpredictably and thus preclude the advantages originally sought. We have attempted to resolve this dilemma by placing a dielectric lens in the far zone and concentrating radiation on the eye positioned a short distance behind it. In this manner, the animal's body can be subjected to a relatively weak field, which, by the focusing action of the lens, is increased several-fold on the eye.
PNAS proof Embargoed until 3 PM ET Monday publication weekof Solar photothermochemical alkane reverse combustion

A one-step, gas-phase photothermocatalytic process for the synthesis of hydrocarbons, including liquid alkanes, aromatics, and oxygenates, with carbon numbers (Cn) up to C13, from CO2 and water is demonstrated in a flow photoreactor operating at elevated temperatures (180–200 °C) and pressures (1–6 bar) using a 5% cobalt on TiO2 catalyst and under UV irradiation. A parametric study of temperature, pressure, and partial pressure ratio revealed that temperatures in excess of 160 °C are needed to obtain the higher Cn products in quantity and that the product distribution shifts toward higher Cn products with increasing pressure. In the best run so far, over 13% by mass of the products were C5+ hydrocarbons and some of these, i.e., octane, are drop-in replacements for existing liquid hydrocarbons fuels. Dioxygen was detected in yields ranging between 64% and 150%. In principle, this tandem photochemical–thermochemical process, fittedwith a photocatalyst better matched to the solar spectrum, could provide a cheap and direct method to produce liquid hydrocarbons from CO2 and water via a solar process which uses concentrated sunlight for both photochemical excitation to generate high-energy intermediates and heat to drive important thermochemical carbonchain-forming reactions.
Computer Simulation of 3-Dimensional Waveguide by Electrilc Field Integral Equation

In this paper we perform computer simulations of a 3-dimensional waveguide by the method of moment based on an electric field integral equation (EFIE). The EFIE is derived in the similar way to derive the guided-mode extracted integral equation for a 2-dimensional waveguide. The EFIE can be solved with no use of mode expansion technique. Concentric step discontinuity structures are simulated. The numerical results are compared with numerical and experimental results.
In Vivo Activities of Ceftolozane, a New Cephalosporin, with and without Tazobactam against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae, Including Strains with Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases, in the Thighs of Neutropenic Mice

ABSTRACT Ceftolozane is a new cephalosporin with potent activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae. A neutropenic murine thigh infection model was used to determine which pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic index and magnitude drives the efficacy of ceftolozane with Gram-negative bacilli, to compare the rates of in vivo killing of P. aeruginosa by ceftolozane and ceftazidime, and to determine the impact of different ratios of ceftolozane plus tazobactam on Enterobacteriaceae containing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). Neutropenic mice had 106.2-7.1 CFU/thigh when treated with ceftolozane for 24 h with (i) various doses (3.12 to 1,600 mg/kg) and dosage intervals (3, 6, 12, and 24 h) against two Enterobacteriaceae strains, (ii) 0.39 to 800 mg/kg every 6 h for four Enterobacteriaceae and four P. aeruginosa strains, and (iii) 400 or 800 mg/kg with 2:1. 4:1, and 8:1 ratios of tazobactam against five Enterobacteriaceae strains with ESBLs. The pharmacokinetics of ceftolozane at 25, 100, and 400 mg/kg were linear with peak/dose values of 1.0 to 1.4 and half-lives of 12 to 14 min. T>MIC was the primary index driving efficacy. For stasis (1 log kill), T>MIC was 26.3% ± 2.1% (31.6% ± 1.6%) for wild-type Enterobacteriaceae, 31.1% ± 4.9% (34.8% ± 4.4%) for Enterobacteriaceae with ESBLs, and 24.0% ± 3.3% (31.5% ± 3.9%) for P. aeruginosa. At 200 mg/kg every 3 h, the rate of in vivo killing of P. aeruginosa was faster with ceftolozane than with ceftazidime (−0.34 to −0.41 log10 CFU/thigh/h versus −0.21 to −0.24 log10 CFU/thigh/h). The 2:1 ratio of ceftolozane with tazobactam was the most potent combination studied. The T>MIC required for ceftolozane is less than with other cephalosporins and may be due to more rapid killing.
Design of impedance loading board supporting load-modulated beamspace MIMO single RF system

This paper presents a design of an impedance loading RF circuit board and its performance evaluation, as well as, air transmission results of BPSK modulated signal. The single RF load-modulated beamspace MIMO system controls the signal by changing the impedance loaded on each antenna, and all antennas and impedance loading boards share a single power amplifier, and thus it obviates the need for using multiple number of RF components (e.g. DAC, power amp, and mixer) in MIMO system. This leads to huge benefits for the system that requires large number of antennas, such as a massive MIMO system. The impedance loading board is examined with Tx-Rx distance of 3 m, transmitting 40 Mbps BPSK signal, while consuming 15 mW.
NEW PROFILES OF POSTERIOR POLE RETINAL THICKNESS MAP IN HEALTHY KOREAN EYES MEASURED BY SPECTRAL-DOMAIN OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY

Purpose: To analyze posterior pole retinal thickness using the new Spectralis HRA + OCT protocol and compare two commercially available spectral-domain optical coherence tomography instruments (Spectralis HRA + OCT and Cirrus HD-OCT) in young healthy eyes. Methods: Retinal thickness in 178 young healthy eyes was measured using the volume scan mode and Posterior Pole Asymmetry Analysis of the Spectralis HRA + OCT and the macular cube 512 × 128 protocol of the Cirrus HD-OCT. Topologic differences in posterior pole retinal thickness between the two spectral-domain optical coherence tomographies were compared, and the relationship between retinal thickness and age or refractive error/axial length was assessed. Results: Mean retinal thickness measurements in all 9 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Report areas were significantly greater with the Spectralis HRA + OCT than with the Cirrus HD-OCT (P < 0.001). Retinal thickness measured with the new Spectralis HRA + OCT protocol positively correlated with refractive error (P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with axial length (P < 0.05), mainly in the temporal areas. As axial length increased and refractive error decreased, retinal thickness decreased significantly at the outer temporal areas compared with the nasal areas (P < 0.05). Foveal thickness measured with the Spectralis HRA + OCT correlated significantly with refractive error (r = −0.151; P = 0.022) and axial length (r = 0.352; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Posterior pole retinal thickness measurements in young healthy eyes should provide more detailed standard values for diagnosing and managing retinal disease.
Source spectra of great earthquakes: Teleseismic constraints on rupture process and strong motion

Short-period body waves recorded at teleseismic distances from great earthquakes provide information about source rupture processes and strong motions. First, we examine mostly WWSSN records of 19 earthquakes of moment magnitude M_w of 6.5 to 9.5. Four parameters are measured from the short-period P-wave train: the maximum amplitude; the period at maximum amplitude; the time between the first arrival and when the maximum amplitude is attained; and coda length. An extension, m_b, of the teleseismic magnitude, m_b, is defined using the maximum amplitude of the entire short-period P-wave rather than the amplitude achieved in the first few P-wave cycles. A least-squares fit to the data yields the following relationship between m_b and M_w: m_b = 0.53 M_w + 2.70 for M_w 6.5 to 9.5. The time from the first arrival until the maximum amplitude is achieved and the coda length are roughly proportional to M_w, but are further interpreted by a simple asperity model of the rupture process. These data support that short-period waves are, on average, generated preferentially in the same regions of the fault plane as long-period waves (with periods of 10 to 50 sec). We analyze the spectra of short- and intermediate-period teleseismic GDSN records for seven earthquakes with M_w's of 6.4 to 7.8 and hand-digitized short-period WWSSN records of the 1971 San Fernando earthquake. Significant differences exist between the spectra of different events, due partly to variations in tectonic setting or seismic coupling. Using the digital data, we also investigate the relationship between time-domain amplitude and spectral amplitude for short-period P waves. From our empirical relation between spectral amplitude and time-domain amplitude, we estimate the spectral amplitudes implied by the m_b data. We compare our results to the ω^(−2) and Gusev spectral models. Neither model can completely represent the data. Nevertheless, we consider the ω^(−2) model a useful reference model for comparing different events. The average source spectrum of six large events with M_w 7.4 to 7.8 does not have the spectral structure suggested by Gusev. An application to strong motion modeling is presented in which a 1971 San Fernando teleseismic short-period record is summed up to simulate teleseismic records produced by five great earthquakes. The summation procedure matches the moment of the event to be simulated, and includes rupture propagation, fault plane roughness, and randomness. The m_b data provide an important constraint on the summation procedures. Thus constrained, this summation procedure can be more confidently used with near-field strong motion records as Green's functions to predict strong motions from great earthquakes.
Candidemia in Pediatric Surgery Patients

Abstract Candida spp. are the fourth leading cause of bloodstream infection. While the literature on neonatal candidemia is abundant, its prevalence in pediatric surgery cases is hardly mentioned. This study was carried out over a 5-year period to evaluate the prevalence of candidemia in pediatric surgery intensive care unit patients (ICU), and to examine both the neonatal and hospital risk factors for developing candidemia in comparison to control groups of patients with either no infection or with bacteremia, type and outcome of therapy. A total of 1,359 pediatric surgery patients admitted to the ICU and high dependency unit (HDU) were included in the study. Using relevant specimens from them, a microbiological survey was carried out on admission and weekly thereafter. Twenty-five patients developed candidemia during the study period. Twenty-one of them were admitted to ICU. Nine were low birth weight and immature neonates. All 25 patients had underlying disease, most involving the gastroentestinal tract and requiring surgical intervention. All patients had been given broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics with or without aminoglycosides and an anti-anaerobic drug prior to candidemia. The data show that patients who were not infected had very few risk factors that could predispose to candidemia. The bacteremic group of patients had more risk factors: mainly ICU stay, prior antibiotic therapy or GI surgery. The candidemia patients outnumbered these two groups in both neonatal and hospital risk factors. Twenty-three candidemia patients had received amphotericin B and 2 had fluconazole. Seventeen of them improved and the rest expired during therapy. Fourteen of the Candida isolated were C. albicans while the rest belonged to other Candida spp. dominated by C. parapsilosis. In conclusion, candidemia was infrequent in pediatric surgery patients. ICU stay, GI surgery and prior broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy were important risk factors.
Renal tubulointerstitial injury in weanling rats with hyperhomocysteinemia.

BACKGROUND While hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis and the related cardiovascular diseases, the effect of hyperhomocysteinemia on the kidney has not been clearly demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether long-term hyperhomocysteinemia develops atherosclerotic lesions in the kidney. METHODS The effects of various dietary combinations, including folate deficiency, choline deficiency and methionine loading, on the plasma homocysteine concentration, renal function and renal histopathology were examined for 12 weeks in male weanling Fisher rats. RESULTS Folate deficiency, choline deficiency and methionine loading synergistically induced hyperhomocysteinemia up to 69.7 +/- 23.1 micromol/L (control, 11.6 +/- 3.9 micromol/L, P < 0.01) without any change in blood pressure. Creatinine clearance was negatively correlated with the plasma homocysteine concentration (r = -0.55, P < 0.01). Arterial and arteriolar wall thickening, and focal tubulointerstitial fibrosis were found in the kidneys of the hyperhomocysteinemic rat. The lesions of tubulointerstitial fibrosis appeared striped or wedge-shaped at the subcapsular cortex of the kidney. In addition, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, an indicator of hypoxia, was increased in the adjacent more intact area of the cortex. These findings suggest that the renal tubulointerstitial lesions were likely to be mediated by severe ischemia due to regional circulatory disturbance. Folate supplementation diminished these vascular and tubulointerstitial changes. CONCLUSION These results indicate that diet-induced chronic hyperhomocysteinemia could induce vascular remodeling and tubulointerstitial injury in the kidney, and that these changes were ameliorated by folate supplementation.
Hyperactivation and Proliferation of Lymphocytes from the Spleens of Flaky Skin (fsn) Mutant Mice

Mice homozygous for the flaky skin (fsn) single gene mutation have a severe hyperproliferative disease resulting in a complex phenotype, which includes widespread inflammation and autoimmunity. This study sought to characterize lymphocyte function of flaky skin mutant mice. Flaky skin lymphocytes show enhanced proliferation with in vitro mitogen stimulated spleen cells, as well as enriched splenic B- and T-cells. The production of IL-4 by fsn/fsn T-lymphocytes is increased dramatically compared with normal controls. Flaky skin lymphocytes exhibited increased responsiveness to IL-2, IL-4 and IL-7 in the absence of pre-activation, enhanced IgE production in response to ovalbumin immunization, and constitutive STAT6 activation. These data indicate that the cytokines IL-2, IL-4 and IL-7 likely contribute to the lymphocyte activation in fsn/fsn mutant mice. This lymphocyte hyperactivation may result in the development of systemic autoimmunity in fsn/fsn mutant mice.
Quantification of leakage of sub-micron aerosols through surgical masks and facemasks for pediatric use

ABSTRACT Surgical respirators, surgical masks (SMs), and facemasks for pediatric use (FPUs) are routinely used in the U.S. healthcare industry as personal protective equipment (PPE) against infectious diseases. While N95s including surgical respirators have been routinely studied, SMs and FPUs have not received as much attention, particularly in the context of aerosolized threats. This is because SMs and PFUs are not designed to protect against sub-micron aerosols. However, with the possibility of new or re-emerging airborne diseases or bio-aerosol weapons lingering, combined with the limited availability of respirators and logistical issues associated with fit-testing millions, the general adult and pediatric populations may elect to wear SMs and FPUs, respectively, in the case of a pandemic or a bio-terrorist attack. When a person dons a PPE, gaps are created between the wearer's face and the PPE, and aerosols leaking through these gaps can be an important contributor to the risk of infection compared to filtered aerosols. To understand and quantify the contribution of leakage of aerosols through gaps, with particular emphasis on SMs and FPUs, this study investigated leakage of charge-neutralized, polydispersed, dried sodium-chloride aerosols across different brands of PPE. Different breathing rates, aerosol particle sizes, and gap sizes were considered. A few major findings of this study were: (a) leakage, is not a strong function of sub-micron aerosol size; (b) for the same gap size, leakage of aerosols through surgical respirators can often be higher than in SMs and FPUs; and (c) as the gap size increases, the increase in leakage through surgical respirators is higher compared for SMs and FPUs, implying that some SMs and FPUs that possess electret layers may be preferable to N95s that have not been fit-tested. The results obtained can also be used to explain conflicting findings from clinical studies on the effectiveness of SMs when compared to N95s and can be input into risk-assessment models to determine the increase in infection rate resulting from deployment of PPE under less-than-ideal conditions.
Tissue Distribution and Pharmacological Potential of SM‐16896, a Novel Oestrogen‐bisphosphonate Hybrid Compound *

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is caused mainly by a deficiency of oestrogen with rapid bone loss. To target oestrogen to the bone effectively, we have synthesized and evaluated the effects of a novel hybrid compound of oestrogen and bisphosphonate, SM‐16896. The tissue distribution pattern and pharmacological potential are reported.
Adaptively restrained molecular dynamics in LAMMPS

Adaptively restrained molecular dynamics (ARMD) is a recently introduced particles simulation method that switches positional degrees of freedom on and off during simulation in order to speed up calculations. In the NVE ensemble, ARMD allows users to trade between precision and speed while, in the NVT ensemble, it makes it possible to compute statistical averages faster. Despite the conceptual simplicity of the approach, however, integrating it in existing molecular dynamics packages is non-trivial, in particular since implemented potentials should a priori be rewritten to take advantage of frozen particles and achieve a speed-up. In this paper, we present novel algorithms for integrating ARMD in LAMMPS, a popular multi-purpose molecular simulation package. In particular, we demonstrate how to enable ARMD in LAMMPS without having to re-implement all available force fields. The proposed algorithms are assessed on four different benchmarks, and show how they allow us to speed up simulations up to one order of magnitude.
Tributyltin induces disruption of microfilament in HL7702 cells via MAPK‐mediated hyperphosphorylation of VASP

Tributyltin (TBT) has been widely used for various industrial purposes, and it has toxic effects on multiple organs and tissues. Previous studies have found that TBT could induce cytoskeletal disruption, especially of the actin filaments. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine whether TBT could induce microfilament disruption using HL7702 cells and then to assess for the total levels of various microfilament‐associated proteins; finally, the involvement of the MAPK pathway was investigated. The results showed that after TBT treatment, F‐actin began to depolymerize and lost its characteristic filamentous structure. The protein levels of Ezrin and Cofilin remained unchanged, the actin‐related protein (ARP) 2/3 levels decreased slightly, and the vasodilator‐stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) decreased dramatically. However, the phosphorylation levels of VASP increased 2.5‐fold, and the ratio of phosphorylated‐VASP/unphosphorylated‐VASP increased 31‐fold. The mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) ERK and JNK were discovered to be activated. Inhibition of ERK and JNK not only largely diminished the TBT‐induced hyperphosphorylation of VASP but also recovered the cellular morphology and rescued the cells from death. In summary, this study demonstrates that TBT‐induced disruption of actin filaments is caused by the hyperphosphorylation of VASP through MAPK pathways. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1530–1538, 2016.
Number : WUCSE-2002-9 2002-11-28 Creating View-dependent Texture Maps

We present a technique for blending multiple images of an object into a single, view-dependent texture map for that object. This technique can be used for image-based rendering, when the object is known, or for “painting” a view-dependent texture map of an object. The technique provides a structured mechanism for combining images at different resolutions, producing a mip-map like structure with the different levels constructed from different images. The user controls the camera angles for which a given image is valid. The problem of gaps caused by self-occlusion and non-overlapping images is also dealt with. This technique is also suitable for use on an object that will be animated.
Integrating demand response into electricity market

It is widely agreed that an increased communication among different groups (generators, retailers and customers) in electricity market would produce benefit not only for single group but also for the market as a whole. In traditional demand side pricing model, the unit cost of electricity for retailer in each hour is assumed to be a constant. When integrating demand and supply side into one framework, the unit cost of electricity always changes due to the change of demand from customers and change of generation cost in supply side. In order to schedule the production scheme for generators and select profit-optimal pricing strategy for retailer under this framework, this paper builds a new integrated supply and demand response mechanism for electricity market. The main contribution of this paper is the proposed mechanism finds the match equilibrium between the demand and supply side when integrating demand response into electricity market. Simulation results confirm that the proposed mechanism can generate accurate prediction of electricity demand, maximize retailers' profit under the minimum production cost in supply side, and achieve the requirements of ISO for Unit Commitment and Economic Dispatch.