Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of grid resolution and spatial representation of NH3 emissions from fertilizer application on predictions of NH3 and PM2.5 concentrations in the United States Corn Belt

Ammonia (NH3) emissions from fertilizer application is a highly uncertain input to chemical transport models (CTMs). Reducing such uncertainty is important for improving predictions of ambient NH3 and PM2.5 concentrations, for regulatory and policy purposes and for exploring linkages of air pollution to human health and ecosystem services. Here, we implement a spatially and temporally resolved inventory of NH3 emissions from fertilizers, based on high-resolution crop maps, crop nitrogen demand and a process model, as input to the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (CAMx). We also examine sensitivity to grid resolution, by developing inputs at 12 km × 12 km and 4 km × 4 km, for the Corn Belt region in the Midwest United States, where NH3 emissions from chemical fertilizer application contributes to approximately 50% of anthropogenic emissions. Resulting predictions of ambient NH3 and PM2.5 concentrations were compared to predictions developed using the baseline 2011 National Emissions Inventory, and evaluated for closure with ground observations for May 2011. While CAMx consistently underpredicted NH3 concentrations for all scenarios, the new emissions inventory reduced bias in ambient NH3 concentration by 33% at 4 km × 4 km, and modestly improved predictions of PM2.5, at 12 km × 12 km (correlation coefficients r = 0.57 for PM2.5, 0.88 for PM-NH4, 0.71 for PM-SO4, 0.52 for PM-NO3). Our findings indicate that in spite of controlling for total magnitude of emissions and for meteorology, representation of NH3 emissions and choice of grid resolution within CAMx impacts the total magnitude and spatial patterns of predicted ambient NH3 and PM2.5 concentrations. This further underlines the need for improvements in NH3 emission inventories. For future research, our results also point to the need for better understanding of the effect of model spatial resolution with regard to both meteorology and chemistry in CTMs, as grid size becomes finer.
Metabolic Syndrome in Overweight Kurdish Women

The present study aimed to assess metabolic syndrome in overweight adult female in Erbil city. The study conducted on the hundred and fifty six Kurdish women with four age groups, the age range was (20 –40 years). Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed using Adult Treatment Panel- III (ATP-III) guidelines. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 35.8%. The mean total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), waist circumference (WC) and fasting blood glucose levels (FBS) were significantly higher in subjects with metabolic syndrome when compared with subjects without metabolic syndrome, while mean high density lipoprotein HDL-cholesterol was lower in the subjects with metabolic syndrome. The other parameters like low density lipoprotein LDL-cholesterol, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were not showing any significant differences between the two groups. In conclusion the results suggest that high waist circumference was the most frequent factor among overweight Kurdish adult women with metabolic syndrome.
Update on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: What Dermatology Nurses and Nurse Practitioners Need to Know

Purpose Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women. Polycystic ovary syndrome affects approximately 6%–15% of women or about 5–6 million women living in the United States. Dermatology is an entry point in the healthcare system for women with polycystic ovary syndrome. The purpose of this update is to provide dermatology nurses and nurse practitioners with the latest evidence-based guidance for the assessment, diagnosis, and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Relevance Polycystic ovary syndrome occurs worldwide in all ethnic and racial groups. Unfortunately, about 50%–75% of women with the condition are not diagnosed. Dermatology nurses and nurse practitioners are key players in the early diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome because of the cutaneous manifestations including acne, hirsutism, and androgenic alopecia. Essential Points This update provides clinical information on the following points about polycystic ovary syndrome: epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, clinical presentation, laboratory testing, comorbidities, management including nonpharmacological and pharmacological interventions, and nursing implications for dermatology nurses and nurse practitioners. This knowledge will help dermatology nurses and nurse practitioners provide expert nursing care for their patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Characterizing the Reserve Provision Capability Area of Active Distribution Networks: A Linear Robust Optimization Method

Distributed energy resources (DERs) installed in active distribution networks (ADNs) can be exploited to provide both active and reactive power reserves to the upper-layer grid (i.e., sub-transmission and transmission systems) at their connection point. This paper introduces a method to determine the capability area of an ADN for the provision of both active and reactive power reserves while considering the forecast errors of loads and stochastic generation, as well as the operational constraints of the grid and DERs. The method leverages a linearized load flow model and introduces a set of linear scenario-based robust optimization problems to estimate the reserve provision capability (RPC) area of the ADN. It is proved that, under certain assumptions, the RPC area is convex. The performance of the proposed method is tested on a modified version of the IEEE 33-bus distribution test system.
Evaluating Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Policies

A lack of charging infrastructure is seen as the biggest barrier to electric vehicle adoption. This thesis analyses the use of public charging infrastructure and its relation to electric vehicle adoption in urban areas. With the use a large dataset on charging station use, charging behaviour is characterised and the influence of national and local policies is estimated. Analysis shows that purchase incentives, local roll-out strategies and parking policies have a substantial influence on charging behaviour and significant cross-pollination between charging and purchase policies exist. The thesis has a special attention for connection times at charging stations, which in contrast to previous work, are here proven to be an interplay between parking and charging behaviour. Policies, such as financial stimulus, to reduce excessive long connection times at charging stations should therefore also be reviewed in this light. Analysis of this behaviour is used to model the different roll-out strategies for urban areas on the longer term. Different roll-out strategies are tested to illustrate how local policy maker decisions can influence the charging security and convenience for electric vehicle drivers. Charging infrastructure all across the city can provide most security, but centralised infrastructure, such as charging hubs, more convenience. Such policies should be supported by stakeholders in the field. Results from this study with these stakeholders show that their perspectives on how to shape charging infrastructure is not necessarily only aligned with their interests. Perspectives on the future differ, but are shared across and within multiple stakeholders.
Litter Management as a Key Factor Relieves Soil Respiration Decay in an Urban-Adjacent Camphor Forest under a Short-Term Nitrogen Increment

Increases in bioavailable nitrogen (N) level can impact the soil carbon (C) sequestration in many forest ecosystems through its influences on litter decomposition and soil respiration (Rs). This study aims to detect whether the litter management can affect the influence of N addition on Rs. We conducted a one-year field experiment in a camphor forest of central-south China to investigate the responses of available N status and soil Rs to N addition and litter manipulation. Four N addition plots (NH4NO3; 0, 5, 15, 30 g N m−2 year−1 as N0, N1, N2, N3, respectively) were established with three nested litter treatments: natural litter input (CK), double litter input (LA), and non-litter input (LR). We found a short-lived enhancement effect of N addition on soil (NO3-N) and net nitrification (RN), but not on (NH4-N), net ammonification (RA), or mineralization (RM). N addition also decreased Rs in CK spots, but not in LA or LR spots, in which the negative effects of N additions on Rs were alleviated by either litter addition or reduction. A priming effect was also observed in LA treatments. A structural equation modeling analysis showed that litter treatments had direct positive effects on soil available N contents and Rs, which suggested that litter decomposition may benefit from litter management when N is not a limiting factor in subtropical forests.
Temporal Expectation Hastens Decision Onset But Does Not Affect Evidence Quality

The ability to predict the timing of forthcoming events, known as temporal expectation, has a strong impact on human information processing. Although there is growing consensus that temporal expectations enhance the speed and accuracy of perceptual decisions, it remains unclear whether they affect the decision process itself, or non-decisional (sensory/motor) processes. Here, healthy human participants (N = 21; 18 female) used predictive auditory cues to anticipate the timing of low-contrast visual stimuli they were required to detect. Modeling of the behavioral data using a prominent sequential sampling model indicated that temporal expectations speeded up non-decisional processes but had no effect on decision formation. Electrophysiological recordings confirmed and extended this result: temporal expectations hastened the onset of a neural signature of decision formation but had no effect on its build-up rate. Anticipatory α band power was modulated by temporal expectation and co-varied with intrinsic trial-by-trial variability in behavioral and neural signatures of the onset latency of the decision process. These findings highlight how temporal predictions optimize our interaction with unfolding sensory events. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Temporal expectation enhances performance, but the locus of this effect remains debated. Here, we contrasted the two dominant accounts: enhancement through (1) expedited decision onset, or (2) an increase in the quality of sensory evidence. We manipulated expectations about the onset of a dim visual target using a temporal cueing paradigm, and probed the locus of the expectation effect with two complementary approaches: drift diffusion modeling (DDM) of behavior, and estimation of the onset and progression of the decision process from a supramodal accumulation-to-bound signal in simultaneously measured EEG signals. Behavioral modeling and neural data provided strong, converging evidence for an account in which temporal expectations enhance perception by speeding up decision onset, without affecting evidence quality.
Association between smoking cessation and metabolic syndrome in Korean Men: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association between smoking cessation and metabolic syndrome components in Korean male and to clarify how long metabolic syndrome and its components remains after smoking cessation. Methods: A total of 4,408 participants from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were included in this cross-sectional study. Smoking status was categorized into three groups, current-smoker, ex-smoker and non-smoker. Also smoking cessation period was categorized into three groups, less than 5 years, 5 years to 15 years and more than 15 years. Results: Smoking cessation were associated with prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components. The multi-variate adjusted odds ratio for the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 1.68(1.22-2.31) for smoker, 1.04(0.74-1.46) for ex-smoker, as compare with non-smoker; adjusted odds ratio for the prevalence of hypertriglyceride 2.17(1.77-2.66) for smoker, 1.27(1.02-1.59) for ex-smoker and high waist circumference 1.36(0.98-1.88) for smoker, 1.07(0.78-1.48) for ex-smoker, as compare with non-smoker. Conclusions: Smoking cessation in Korean male reduced odds ratio for the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its 4 components except for hypertension.
Does increased fatty acid oxidation enhance development of liver cirrhosis and progression to hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with glycogen storage disease type-III?

Spain in April of 2003. Moreover, similar products, with different trade names, are marketed in other European and American countries. Presently on the internet, we can see Cuur publicity (http://www.cuur.com/), also called ‘‘The Swedish Secret’’ on this web page, which is the weight loss supplement taken by patients reported by Bjornsson et al. [1]. We understand the difficulties for public control of advertising on the internet, but we should request better regulation from national and international health authorities regarding the marketing of ‘‘natural medicine’’. The experience of other national pharmacovigilance systems should also be efficiently applied on a worldwide level in order to prevent repetition of undesirable health problems.
STRIVE to improve educational outcomes: supporting students with disabilities in the general education classroom

Increasingly, students with a variety of disabilities are being included in general education settings; however, many of these students have academic, behavioral, and social challenges that can interfere with their participation and performance. Teachers and school professionals supporting students with disabilities need effective and efficient strategies that can improve student outcomes. This paper describes a set of six domains of research-supported practices that can be implemented to support students. These practices are organized using the acronym STRIVE: Social supports, Teaching practices, Rewards and motivation, Independence, Visual supports, and Engagement. We include examples of how these practices can be used class-wide to support all students, and how they can be adapted to support specific students with disabilities. Practitioner-friendly applications and resources are included to support implementation within school settings.
Infectious waste from subdistrict health promoting hospital: How about the amount?

442 Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health | Nov-Dec 2016 | Vol 9 | Issue 6 In addition, measures should be taken to strengthen the capacity of the health system at all levels in the affected regions to ensure access to quality care, and extend services such as wound management, surgical debridement, and skin grafting to facilitate the healing of wounds, and thereby prevent disability. [1,2,5]
Psychology of Design

Talking about design, most discussions circulate around physical objects or products, around their invention, development, production and marketing. While most modern design approaches do also cover questions pertaining to human interaction, e.g. within user- or human-centred design philosophies, a systematic and fundamental conception of the role and implications that human perception and emo-cognitive processing take with regard to designing physical goods is lacking. Under the umbrella term ‘Psychology of Design’, I will develop and elaborate on psychological dimensions that are highly relevant to the optimization and evaluation of design. I propagate a general psychological turn in design theory and practice in order to purposefully include not only the top-down processes triggered by context, framing, expectation, knowledge or habituation but also the psychological effects of Gestalt and Zeitgeist. Such psychological effects have the potential to determine whether the very same physical design will be aesthetically appreciated, desired, loved or rejected in the end. Psychology of design has a tremendous influence on the success and sustainability of design by triggering associations and displaying demand characteristics in a multimodal way. The paper is based on fundamental psychological theories and empirical evidences which are linked to applied examples from the world of art and design.
Caracterización de los consorcios microalgas-bacterias en el tratamiento de agua residual urbana

El acusado aumento de la poblacion registrado a nivel global durante las ultimas decadas conlleva asociado un aumento en la generacion de residuos como es el caso de las aguas residuales urbanas. El vertido de efluentes con alto contenido de materia organica, nitrogeno,fosforo y otros componentes resulta en el proceso de eutrofizacion: aumento del crecimiento de plantas y algas acuaticas, modificacion de la biodiversidad natural del ecosistema, y en los casos mas graves la degradacion completa de los ecosistemas.Para reducir los problemas asociados con los vertidos de aguas residuales, en la actualidad, se emplean sistemas de tratamiento basados en sistemas biologicos de fangos activos. En estos sistemas se emplean microorganismos (bacterias aerobias) que necesitan oxigeno para degradar la materia organica contenida en el agua residual. A traves de una aireacion prolongada y la recirculacion de fangos activos se eliminan las sustancias contaminantes del agua residual.
Visible Light Positioning System Based on a Quadrant Photodiode and Encoding Techniques

Visible light positioning systems (VLPSs) are a feasible alternative to local positioning systems due to the technology improvement and massive use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Compared to other technologies, VLPSs can provide significant advantages, such as the achieved accuracy, although they still present some issues, mainly related to the reduced coverage area or the high computational load. This article proposes the design of a VLPS based on four LED lamps as transmitters and a quadrant photodiode angular diversity aperture (QADA) as a receiver. As the shape of the QADA is circular and the aperture to be installed over it is square, we derive the corresponding general equations to obtain the currents through the different pads of the QADA, regarding the angle of incidence of the light (and, inversely, how to estimate the angle of incidence from the measured currents). An encoding scheme based on 1023-bit Kasami sequences is proposed for every transmission from the LED lamps, thus providing multiple access capability and robustness against low signal-to-noise ratios and harsh conditions, such as multipath and near-far effect. A triangulation technique has been applied to estimate the receiver’s position, by means of the least-squares estimator (LSE), together with some geometrical considerations. The proposal has been validated by simulation and by experimental tests, obtaining 3-D positioning average errors below 13 and 5.5 cm for separations between the transmitters’ plane and the receiver of 2 and 1 m, respectively.
The Perception of Premarital Sex Among Students in a Religious Moral Based University

Previous studies have shown that premarital sex is prevalent among youth in schools anduniversities. Most institutions use methods such as rules, seminars, or sex preventionprograms to help prevent students from engaging in premarital sex. Not many institutionshave used religious moral development activities to prevent premarital sex among youngpeople. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between religious moraldevelopment on perception of premarital sex among students in a religious based universityin Thailand, and to also explore the factors that shape students‟ perceptions of premarital sex.The research design of this study was quantitative, non-experimental and descriptive, usingthe survey method of data collection. Permission was granted from the university researchcommittee for distribution of the survey through the university intranet, and the data wasanalyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The total number ofparticipants was 103 undergraduate students from the international programme.The findings of the study suggest that most university students are against sex beforemarriage. Moral development activities taught them not to have premarital sex. Participantsresponses showed that the factor that most impacted perceptions of premarital sex was theinternet. The findings also suggested that movie/television viewing, is an important factorthat shapes perceptions of premarital sex. The result show that moral development activitiesand perceptions of premarital sex are related, however it was a weak correlation (r=.03). Moral development activities may have a small influence on students‟ perceptions ofpremarital sex.There is a need for improvement of moral development activities such as the implementationof more discussions on premarital sex to help students understand the value of sex. Futureresearch in this area could use qualitative approaches to examine the factors that impactperceptions of premarital sex, and regression analysis to investigate the influence of moraldevelopment on perceptions of premarital sex.
Effects of Social Counseling on Parents of a Child With Cancer

When a child is diagnosed with cancer, there can be serious consequences for the entire family. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between social counseling based on different social diagnostic methods and parent’s quality of life, psychosocial burden, and sense of coherence. Seventy-one parents of children with cancer were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups and were interviewed at three measurement times. Analysis of covariance was used for the data analysis. With respect to the effects of social counseling based on different social diagnostic methods, the results are somewhat mixed. We found only few significant effects between the intervention and control groups but a significant influence of moderating variables like the child’s health status. There were significant changes in parent’s quality of life and psychosocial burden, but the findings provided no evidence that one social diagnostic method works better than the other one. Methodological reasons concerning sample size and program integrity are discussed.
Developing Treatments for Hormone-refractory Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed non-cutaneous malignancy afflicting American males. Initial androgen deprivation achieved through either surgical or medical castration leads to symptomatic and biochemical improvement in approximately 80% of men with metastatic prostate cancer. The long-term outcome for patients with newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer was reviewed in a large retrospective analysis by Tangen et al. Of the 794 evaluable patients followed for at least 10.5 years, 23% were alive at five years and 7% at 10 or more years.