Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plant Formations in the Sumatran BioProvince

Sumatran Lowland Dipterocarp Forest These luxuriant forests are some of the most diverse on Earth with comparable levels of species diversity to the richest forests in Borneo and New Guinea and comprise over 100 species of dipterocarps, six of which are endemic. Some of the mature parts can have up to four distinct tree stories as well as shrub and herbaceous layers. The emergent trees, which can reach heights of 60 m, are mainly dominated by dipterocarps such as Anisoptera costata, Dipterocarpus crinitus, Hopea dryobalanoides, Parashorea lucida and Shorea macrocarpa. Other important upper canopy trees are Dyera costulata, Fragraea gigantea, Koompassia malaccensis, Mangifera rigida, Myristica gigantea, Polyathia hypoleuca and the endemic Heritiera sumatrana (Sterculiaceae), Horsfieldia triandra (Myristicaceae) and Polyalthia sumatrana (Annonaceae). Among the many trees of the sub-canopy are Aporusa elmeri, Dacryodes rugosa, Diospyros buxifolia, Diplospora singularis, Drypetes longifolia, Gironniera hirta, Nephelium cuspidatum, Timonius hydrangefolius and Xanthophyllum elmeri, while smaller trees of up to 15 m include an abundance of Aglaia tomentosa, Aporosa frutiscens, Baccaurea javonica, Croton oblongus, Fordia johorensis and Koilodepas glanduligerum. The endemic small tree Baccaurea sumatrana (Euphorbiaceae) like many other trees of these forests produces flowers and fruit at the base of its trunk a phenomenon known as cauliflory. Other endemic small trees are Casearia cuspidata (Flacourtiaceae), Daphniphyllum sumatraense (Daphniphyllaceae), Diplycosia apiculifera (Ericaceae) and Gomphandra fusiformis (Icacinaceae).
The effects of RYR2 gene deletion on cardiac function and metabolism

ii Preface . iv Table of Contents . vii List of Tables . xi List of Figures . xii List of Abbreviations . xiv Acknowledgements . xvi Dedication . xviii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 Cellular Ca Signaling . 1 1.2 Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Channels . 8 1.3 Cardiac Ryanodine Receptors . 13 1.4 RYR2 and Excitation Contraction . 20 1.4.1 Hypothesis: RYR2 is required for cardiac function. 24 1.5 RYR2 and Heart Rate . 24 1.5.1 Hypothesis: RYR2 is required for cardiac heart rate and rhythm. 33 1.6 RYR2 and Cardiac Metabolism . 34 1.6.1 Hypothesis: RYR2 is required for mitochondrial Ca uptake and oxidative metabolism . 41 1.7 RYR2 and Cell Death . 42 1.7. 1 Hypothesis: RYR2 is required for cell survival. 46 viii 1.8 RYR2 and Cardiac Hypertrophy . 47 1.8. 1 Hypothesis: RYR2 is required for cardiac hypertrophy . 50 1.9 RYR2 and Heart Disease . 50 1.9. 1 Hypothesis: Decreases in Ryr2 expression cause dilated cardiomyopathy . 52 Chapter 2: Materials and Methods . 54 2.1 Experimental Animals . 54 2.2 In Vivo Analysis of Cardiac Function and Heart Rate . 55 2.3 Ex Vivo Analysis of Cardiac Function and Metabolism . 56 2.4 Light and Electron Microscopy in the cRyr2KO Model . 56 2.5 Cardiomyocyte Ca and Functional Measurements in the cRyr2Δ50 Model . 58 2.6 Gene and Protein Expression Analysis . 59 2.7 Metabolomics . 62 2.8 Transcriptomics . 63 2.9 Proteomics . 64 2.10 Statistical Analysis . 65 Chapter 3: Cardiac RYR2 Controls Heart Rate and Rhythmicity in Adult Mice . 66 3.1 Chapter Summary . 66 3.2 Introduction . 67 3.3 Results . 69 3.3.1 Acute reductions in Ryr2 mRNA and protein in conditional knockout mice . 69 3.3.2 Sudden cardiac death in cRyr2KO mice . 70 3.3.3 Heart function in cRyr2KO mice . 72 3.3.4 Loss of Ryr2 reduces heart rate and results in severe arrhythmias . 74 ix 3.4 Discussion . 78 Chapter 4: Cardiomyocyte ATP Production, Metabolic Flexibility, and Survival Require Calcium Flux Through Cardiac Ryanodine Receptors In Vivo . 83 4.1 Chapter Summary . 83 4.2 Introduction . 84 4.3 Results . 86 4.3.1 Ryr2 deletion reduces Ca flux in cardiac myocytes . 86 4.3.2 RYR2 supports ATP production in vivo . 87 4.3.3 Ryr2 deletion leads to a hypoxic/ischemic state . 89 4.3.4 Reprogramming of metabolism in cRyr2KO hearts . 91 4.3. 5 Ryr2 deletion induces programmed cell death . 93 4.3. 6 Loss of cardioprotective pathways in cRyr2KO hearts . 95 4.3. 7 Ryr2 deletion causes cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis . 95 4.4 Discussion . 98 Chapter 5: Cardiac RYR2 Specifically Promotes Cardiac Glucose Oxidation . 104 5.1 Chapter Summary . 104 5.2 Introduction . 105 5.3 Results . 107 5.4 Discussion . 122 Chapter 6: Conclusion . 128 6.1 Summary . 128 6.2 General Caveats . 129 6.3 RYR2 and Excitation Contraction Coupling . 132 x 6.4 RYR2 and Heart Rate . 134 6.5 RYR2 and Metabolism . 137 6.6 RYR2 and Cell Death . 143 6.7 RYR2 and Hypertrophy . 145 6.8 RYR2 and Cardiac Pathology . 146 6.9 Overall Significance . 150 Bibliography . 153
Large-scale Population Genotyping from Low-coverage Sequencing Data using a Reference Panel

In recent years, several large-scale whole-genome sequencing projects were completed, including the 1000 Genomes Project, and the UK10K Cohorts Project. These projects aim to provide high-quality genotypes for a large number of whole genomes in a cost-efficient manner, by sequencing each genome at low coverage and subsequently identifying alleles jointly in the entire cohort. The resulting variant data are critical for the characterization of human genome variation within and across populations in the original projects, and for many downstream applications such as genome-wide association studies. The same datasets carry the potential to increase the quality of genotype calling in other low-coverage sequencing data in future sequencing projects, because the existing genotype calls capture the linkage disequilibrium structures of the cohorts they represent. In this paper we present reference-based Reveel (or Ref-Reveel in short), a novel method for large-scale population genotyping. Ref-Reveel is based on our earlier method, Reveel, which has been demonstrated to be an effective tool for variant calling from low-coverage sequencing data. Ref-Reveel leverages genotype calls from a sequenced cohort to boost the genotyping quality of new datasets, while maintaining high computational efficiency. We show that using a reference panel improves the quality of genotype calling via extensive experiments on simulated as well as real whole-genome data. Ref-Reveel is publicly and freely available at http://reveel.stanford. edu.
Asymmetric cell division and its integration with other developmental processes for artificial evolutionary systems

Artificial evolutionary techniques are more and more coupled with mechanisms abstracted from developmental biology. Artificial cells endowed with genetic regulatory networks were used to evolve and develop simulated creatures. This paper reports on the evolution of a simple moving creature using developmental mechanisms such as asymmetric cell division, genetic regulation and cell adhesion and physical interactions between cells. Surprisingly, artificial creatures were evolved able to move using only genetic regulatory networks without the need to employ neural controllers.
Belgian honey bee winter mortality during 2012-2013: a case-control study and spatial analysis

An increase in honey bee mortality has been reported within and outside the European Union. A Belgian honey bee health monitoring was started in 2012 based on a standardized and pan-European voluntary surveillance program (EPILOBEE). The main objective was to estimate honey bee mortality during winter and the apicultural season using a harmonized survey. For the Belgian study, the guidelines were adapted according to small-scale Belgian beekeeping practices and previous pathogen prevalence studies. A two-stage sampling stratified by province resulted in 150 apiaries selected from a sampling frame of approximately 3,000 registered beekeepers. These apiaries were visited twice, questionnaires were completed, collecting information on risk factors and mortality. Samples systematically taken in autumn were screened / quantified for Varroa destructor mites. Weighted colony winter mortality rates were estimated per individual apiary and for geographical entities. We then attempted to identify risk factors in a case-control data interpretation, with observed mortality as a binary dependent variable. Questionnaire variables were evaluated in univariable logistic regression. The final multivariable model was retained: age of beekeeper, wanting to continue beekeeping, increasing number of surrounding landscapes, average colony varroa infestation level, all associated with increased mortality. Chemical acaricide treatment before 1 September and Thymol-containing acaricide were associated with lower mortality. The predictive accuracy of this final model was estimated by the area under the curve (AUC) and was 80.70%. The final predicted mortality risk was visualized on a map as an interpolated layer and compared with the observed mortality; clusters of high/low mortality were identified. This analysis has generated further hypotheses and highlighted where the case-control study could benefit from increased sample size.
Effects of Dietary Zinc Bearing Palygorskite Supplementation on the Carcass Traits, Chemical Composition of Muscle, and Muscular Lead and Chromium Contents of Broilers

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of zinc (Zn) bearing palygorskite (ZnPal) inclusion on the carcass traits, chemical composition of muscle, and muscular lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) contents of broilers. A total of 240 1-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly divided into 5 dietary treatments with 6 replicates of 8 chicks each. Broilers in the 5 treatments were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (Control group), 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg/kg Zn in the form of ZnPal for 42 days, respectively. There were no differences in the carcass yield, abdominal fat yield, subcutaneous fat thickness, and intramuscular fat width among treatments (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the eviscerated yield (P=0.010) and thigh muscle yield (P=0.046) were quadratically increased by the supplementation of ZnPal (P<0.05). Similarly, the breast muscle yield was linearly (P=0.024) and quadratically (P=0.011) increased by ZnPal inclusion. The addition of ZnPal to diets of broilers also linearly (P=0.002) increased fat content in the thigh. Moreover, the supplementation of ZnPal linearly and quadratically reduced the content of muscular Pb and the content of Cr in the thigh muscle (P<0.05). It was concluded that ZnPal inclusion could improve carcass traits, increase fat content in the thigh, and reduce the accumulations of Pb and Cr in the muscles, and this effect was more pronounced when extra Zn dosage in the form of ZnPal was 40 mg/kg.
Diamonds On The Inside: Imaging Nanodiamonds With Hyperpolarized MRI

Nontoxic nanodiamonds (NDs) have proven useful as a vector for therapeutic drug delivery to cancers and as optical bioprobes of subcellular processes. Despite their potential clinical relevance, an effective means of noninvasively imaging NDs in vivo is still lacking. Recent developments in hyperpolarized MRI leverage an over 10 000 times increase in the nuclear polarization of biomolecules, enabling new molecular imaging applications. This work explores hyperpolarization via intrinsic paramagnetic defects in nanodiamond. We present the results of MRI experiments that enable direct imaging of nanodiamond via hyperpolarized C MRI and indirect imaging of nanodiamonds via Overhauser-enhanced MRI. The construction of custom hardware for these experiments is detailed and the path to future in vivo experiments outlined. As nanodiamond has been established as a biocompatible platform for drug delivery, our results will motivate further research into hyperpolarized MRI for tracking nanoparticles in vivo.
Study on the WSSV prevalence in the cultured crayfish(Procambarus clarkii)

In 2007,great deals of white spot syndrome virus(WSSV)grains were observed in the ultra thin sections of crayfish(Procambarus clarkii),collected from Nanjing.By the means of histopathology,experimental infection and PCR,WSSV was determined the cause of the crayfish disease.The PCR,based on the specific primers,was applied in crayfish WSSV detection,from Shaobo Lake in Yangzhou,Baima Lake in Huai'an,Xuyi,and Lukou in Nanjing.It showed that not only the gill,heart,nerve,liver,but also the intestines and muscle were all infected severely,while there was no positive results about the Taura syndrome virus(TSV)and infectious hypodermol and hematopoietic necrosis virus(IHHNV)infection in crayfish.
Phytoconstituent Analyses of Selected Wild Edible Plants Constituting Diets of Pregnant Women in Buikwe District, Uganda

Pregnancy is a very critical phase in a woman's life where she has to ensure that she eats the right food, in the right portions and with the necessary nutrient requirements for proper foetal development. Aims: To determine the proximate, mineral and vitamin composition of five wild edible plants Original Research Article Nabatanzi et al.; IJBCRR, 14(2): 1-12, 2016; Article no.IJBCRR. 29595 2 (WEPs) consumed by pregnant women in Buikwe district. Study Design: Experimental. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemistry, Natural Chemotherapeutic Research Institute (Ministry of Health, Uganda) and Department of Chemistry, Uganda Industrial Research Institute (Ministry of Trade, Industry and Cooperatives, Uganda), between March 2016 and August 2016. Methodology: Solanum nigrum L. (leaves), Solanum anguivi Lam. (fruits), Aframomum angustifolium (Sonn.) K. schum. (fruits), Physalis angulata L. (fruits) and Cleome gynandra L. (leaves) were analysed. Proximate and vitamin analyses were carried out following standard procedures. Minerals were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Total carbohydrate and energy were calculated as crude by difference and using Atwater factors respectively. Species were scored and each species’ contribution towards the pregnancy Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) calculated. Results: S. nigrum had the highest potassium (3042.8±107.39), sodium (44.12±0.86), magnesium (176.71±15.57) and iron (61.37±2.20). P. angulata had the highest moisture (1.76±0.00), copper (3.12±0.77), vitamin A (1.86±0.18) and vitamin C (26.27±2.53). C. gynandra had the highest crude ash (17.16 ±0.13), protein (35.13±0.04), phosphorous (3349.4±429.4) and calcium (1113.7±79.36). S. anguivi had the highest crude fibre (40.19±0.09). A. angustifolium had the highest crude fat (3.02±0.01), total carbohydrate (85.91±0.34), energy (410.10±411.59), zinc (55.76±3.87) and manganese (30.19±0.14). There was a significant difference (P>.05) in the protein, fibre, potassium, sodium and vitamin A content of all the species. S. nigrum and P. angulata had the highest mineral (81.67%) and vitamin (105.38%) scores respectively. All values are mg per 100 g of dry sample. Conclusion: Results justify the nutritional significance of the analysed species thus their ability to meet pregnancy nutrient requirements.
Ecological and evolutionary responses to landscape structure

• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Dairy Cattle Populations of West Siberia

SNP data on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and TNF-R1 -1703T/C taken from 367 Red Steppe and Black and White cows bred in 3 Siberian farms were analyzed. The G allele frequencies in Red Steppe and Black-and-White population were found to be 0.510 and 0.526 respectively. It was estimated that milk and fat yield in first lactation per 305 lactation days of G/G Red Steppe cows was higher than in animals with А/А genotype. Milk and fat productivity were higher in G/G animals (farm 2) in comparison to heterozygotes for TNF-α -824 A/G SNP. However, it was dissimilarity among cows possessed different genotypes in farm 1. Milk yield was not associated with genotypes on TNF-R1 -1703T/C SNP. In fact, only cows with complex genotypes TNF-α -824 A / G and TNF-R1-1703T/C AA/TT and AA/CC at first lactation had a higher milk yield than AG/TT cows.
Efecto de la ceniza del Volcán: Irazú (Costa Rica) en algunos insectos

A study of the 1963-1965 eruptions of the Irazu volcano (Costa Rica) showed that the ashes altered the ecological conditions of a great number of insects. Experiments suggest a mechanical action of the abrasive particles on the epicuticle, making it permeable, and thus accelerating dehydration. Other insects, such as the honey bee (Apis mellifera), were not affected externally but through the ingestion of ash-contaminated nectar and by the massive destruction of the vegetation on which they depended. Great destruction of bee populations was observed during 1964 and 1965-66 in the San Jose area. On the other hand, the volcanic ash apparently favored other insects, especially those protected by a waxy secretion, and by the possible elimination of their natural enemies, to such proportions that they became pests of economic significance.
THE CHROMATOPHORES OF THE CEPHALOPODS

Ladies and Gentlemen: It is with the greatest pleasure that I am speaking this evening, as a member of the Stazione Zoologica of Naples, here in the auditorium of the Woods Hole Laboratory. I am glad to bring to every one of you the best greetings of us all, and to assure you that, when three years hence you come to Italy to the next Physiological Congress, and next year when some of you go to Padua for the Zo6logical Congress, we hope you will gather in the Stazione Zoologica in as great a number as you have gathered here. I do not know if we shall be able to arrange things as well as you did here, but I can promise that our welcome will be as hearty as yours and that we shall do our best to this purpose. Ladies and gentlemen, it is impossible to look at the beautiful play of the chromatophores of the cephalopods-the object of our lecture this evening-without being filled with wonder at the complication and the perfection of the play itself. Old Aristotle was the first to study these animals with the eyes of the scientist, and he was also the first to connect some of the different appearances shown by the animals with various conditions of their minds: that is, fear and anger, and so on. He was also th'e first to suggest that these animals were able to change their colour according to the colour of the environment, giving, in this way, one of the first instances of this fundamental law of living beings, namely, mimicry. It may be of interest to remember that this opinion of his has been confirmed in a most brilliant way quite recently by the careful experiments of some German scientists (Kuehn and Heberdey, 1929). As in many other instances, Aristotle was more than twenty centuries ahead of his time. It was not until the beginning of the nine-
An Illustrated Book of Helminthic Zoonoses

This remarkable book, 'which is Publi- cation No. 62 of the Southeast Asian Medical Information Center, is the English version of an earlier work in Japanese (that was subtitled in English 'Parasitic Zoonoses') which was pub- lished by Emeritus Professor Ichiro Miyazaki and his veterinary associate, Yukiharu Toh in 1988 (Fyushu Univer- sity Press, Fukuoka, ISBN 4 87378 200 7). Although that work contained a brief index with the names of many parasite species and keys to the main figure captions in English, it was almost cer- tainly little known outside Japan. Hel- minthologists elsewhere are now fortu- nate that Professor Myazaki, whose contributions to the study of the tax- onomy and life cycles of the parasitic helminths of humans and animals, es- pecially in Asia, the Far East and Latin America, are unsurpassed, has under- taken the enormous task of translating the entire section on helminthic zoo- noses into English. This work excludes the opening chapters on parasitic pro- tozoa and a final section on myiases and mite infestations that appeared in the earlier, Japanese language work. Following a brief general introduction to the field, the new book includes all the text and illustrations covering trematode, cestode and nematode zoonoses but also includes those hel- minths that we normally think of as human parasites, such as
Application thérapeutique potentielle de l'hypothermie par ventilation liquide

L’hypothermie thérapeutique est la réduction de la température des patients afin d’augmenter leur résistance à une agression ischémique, notamment après un arrêt cardiaque. Le bénéfice dépend de la rapidité d’induction de l’hypothermie. Afin de déclencher un refroidissement rapide, il est possible d’utiliser expérimentalement le poumon comme échangeur thermique en lui administrant des liquides perfluorocarbones capables d’assurer les échanges gazeux tout en entrainant des échanges thermiques. Des prototypes expérimentaux permettent de réduire la température de l’ensemble de l’organisme jusqu’à 32-34°C en seulement 15 à 20 min chez des lapins, des porcs ou des brebis. Le refroidissement présente l’avantage de ne pas dépendre de la masse corporelle. Il engendre de puissants effets neuroet cardio-protecteurs dans les modèles animaux d’arrêt cardiaque ou d’ischémie régionale. Le développement de tels dispositifs en clinique pourrait permettre de tester cette approche thérapeutique dans les situations critiques de réanimation en médecine humaine et vétérinaire.
When origin, reproduction ability and diet define the role of birds in invasions

The ecological impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) are increasingly documented; however, they are usually studied through the lens of either the IAS or the affected species (IAS-threatened species). A clear understanding of how both protagonists of biological invasions are characterized is still lacking. We investigated the morphology, life history and ecology of birds involved in biological invasions. Evaluating the distribution of 450 IAS-threatened birds and 400 alien birds in a functional space, we found that both groups retained various strategies. Aliens had larger clutches and were more likely to be herbivores than IAS-threatened and worldwide birds, while IAS-threatened birds were more insular endemic from the Australia region than alien and worldwide birds. IAS-threatened species showed opposite strategies to aliens regarding traits related to diet, origin and reproduction. Further comparing traits associated with impact magnitude, we found that even if aliens were mostly herbivorous, those with high impact had more a generalist behaviour and an animal-based diet compared to aliens with low impact. By emphasizing differences relating to the distribution of bird groups in a functional space, we opened new opportunities to identify the role of birds in biological invasions.