Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of Social Media for Informal Language Learning by Malaysian University Students

Social networking services (SNSs) are a much-touted technology for improved learning, yet very little research goes beyond the classroom-level controlled application of SNSs. This paper provides a look at reported usage and application of SNSs beyond the classroom, where data is scarce. The paper describes an investigation on whether Malaysian university students think SNSs are helpful for learning English, and the areas of language proficiency that these students perceived to benefit the most from their usage of SNSs. A total of 6,085 students participated in the online survey. Results indicate that an overwhelming majority (99.7%) make use of SNSs to learn English outside the classroom and 97.4% of these believe their use of SNSs helps improve their proficiency. The respondents indicated that the areas of proficiency that benefitted the most from their use of SNSs are writing, communication, vocabulary development and reading. In contrast, grammar as well as listening and speaking benefitted the least. The results presented a much needed, and currently lacking, view into the actual utility and use of SNSs for the purpose of informal learning of English among students in Malaysian universities. Keywords: informal language learning; social media; language skills; language acquisition
Biochemical Evaluation of Selected Renal Indices in Women with Metabolic Syndrome in Ilesa Metropolis South Western Nigeria

Aim: The aim of this study was to see the effects of metabolic syndrome on some selected renal indices for kidney biological were significantly raised in women with metabolic syndrome when compared to normotensive women while significant decreases were observed in Urine (creatinine, potassium and urea) and creatinine clearance rates respectively in same comparison. However, a non-significant increase in Urine (volume and protein), as well as a non-significant decrease in urea clearance rates and urine sodium were seen in women with metabolic syndrome when compared to normotensive women. Conclusion: This work revealed that metabolic syndrome has negative effects on the renal indices investigated which were attributed to the characterizing high blood pressure and vessel dysregulation to possibly result in kidney dysfunction in its sufferer. This work thus showed that renal indices can be employed with other investigations to diagnose metabolic syndrome, prevents its medical complications and monitor treatment progress.
What are the most effective nonpharmacologic, office-based interventions for weight loss?

Low-fat and low-carbohydrate diets result in aweight loss of 7 to 10 kg in 6 to 12 months. Behavioral support helps in fast weight loss, whereas exercise helps weight loss at 1 year (SOR: A, meta-analysis). The most effective diets for weight loss are low-fat, low-carbohydrate, or low-glycemic index diet (SOR: A, onemeta-analysis and one systematic review). It is unclear whether motivational interviewing is helpful (No SOR given). Copyright © 2019 by Family Physicians Inquiries Network, Inc. DOI 10.1097/EBP.0000000000000170 A2014 meta-analysis of 48 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (N57,286) evaluated the effectiveness of name-brand diets for weight loss. Study participants had a median age of 46 years old, weight of 94 kg, and body mass index (BMI) of 34. The median duration of the dietary intervention was 24 weeks. Outcomes were weight loss at 6 and 12 months. Follow-up and secondary outcomes included BMI and adverse events. Low-carbohydrate diets included Atkins, South Beach, and Zone. Low-fat diets included Ornish and Rosemary Conley. The greatest weight loss at 12 months was seen with low-fat diets (weighted mean difference [WMD] of 7.3 kg; 95% CI, 5.3–9.3) and low-carbohydrate diets (WMD 7.3 kg; 95% CI, 5.3–9.3 kg) compared with no specific diet. The lowcarbohydrate Atkins diet had the greatest weight loss at 6-month follow-up (median difference 10.1 kg; 95% CI, 8.2–12.1). Several studies included exercise or behavioral support as adjunct interventions. Behavioral support resulted in the greatest loss at 6 months (WMD 3.2 kg; 95% CI, 2.2–4.2 kg) compared to no support, but there was no difference at 12 months (WMD 1.1 kg; 95% CI, –1.8 to 4.0). Conversely, exercise was not effective at 6 months (WMD 0.6 kg; 95% CI, –0.4 to 1.7) but demonstrated a benefit at 12 months (WMD 2.1 kg, 95% CI, 0.4–3.9) compared to no exercise. There were mild adverse events reported in several trials, all of which were associated with lowcarbohydrate diets. A 2007 systematic review of six RCTs (n5202) assessed the effects of low-glycemic-index diets (also known as glycemic-load diets) for weight loss in overweight (BMI 25–30) or obese (BMI .30) patients who did not have diabetes mellitus. Primary outcomes were weight loss, decreased BMI, and a decrease in total fat mass. Secondary outcomes included insulin activity, glycemic control, and cardiovascular risk factors. Comparison diets included high-glycemic-index diet, low-fat diet, and standard calorie-restricted diet. Four studies found low-glycemic-index diet superior to comparison diets for weight loss (N5163) (WMD –1.1 kg; 95% CI, –2.0 to –0.2). A significant decrease in BMI in two studies (N548) was reported, compared to other diets (WMD –1.3 kg/m; 95% CI, –2.0 to –0.5). Decrease in total fat mass was also significantly greater with low-glycemic-index diet than with comparison diets (WMD –1.1 kg; 95% CI, –1.9 to –0.4).
Chronic kidney disease patients in the productive phase: perception of limitations resulting from illness

Introduction: chronic kidney disease-DRC generates physical, social, and emotional constraints with serious repercussions on the patient’s life. Many have their lives limited to the treatment and refrain from an active and functional life. However, professional practices of assistance are focused on the clinical aspects of the disease, and some consider the patients’ experience with the illness. Objective: to understand the perception of DRC carriers in their productive phase about the limitations resulting from the illness. Methods: this was a qualitative study conducted from January to July of 2010. We interviewed nine people in their productive stage and on dialysis treatment in the HUUF-MA. The saturation criterion was used for samples and interviews were analyzed using the thematic analysis. Results: the thematic units in this study were: to have chronic kidney disease - perceptions about the limitations of kidney disease; pilgrimage - in search of diagnosis; and a new family organization. The experience of the chronic kidney disease patient occurs in the disease universe and treatment. Most of them understand the DRC from negative elements, probably due to the incorporation of the restrictive features of dialysis, while others experience this with the perception of some gains. Conclusion:
Platinum nanoparticles on defect-rich nitrogen-doped hollow carbon as an efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reactions

Design and synthesis of efficient electrocatalysts with low usage of precious metal and of high stability are essential for their practical applications in hydrogen evolution reactions. In this work, we synthesize an electrocatalyst through the deposition of platinum nanoparticles on defect-rich nitrogen-doped hollow carbon derived from surface-attached poly(4-vinylpyridine) monolayers. The platinum nanoparticles with an average diameter of about 1.8 nm are well dispersed on the outer surface of the pre-synthesized carbon material and the platinum loading is about 8.6 wt%. The mass activity of the as-synthesized catalyst under an overpotential of 55 mV is about 5.0 A mgPt−1, about 4.93 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C catalysts. Moreover, the synthesized catalyst is also more electrochemically stable than commercial Pt/C catalysts as evidenced by continuous cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometric response measurements.
Estimation of gasoline properties by 1H NMR spectroscopy with repeated double cross‐validated partial least squares models

Commercial gasoline must satisfy several product specifications before trading. In the present work, repeated double cross validation using partial least squares regression was applied to create reliable prediction models for 13 physicochemical parameters (eg, density, vapour pressure, evaporate at 70°C, evaporate at 100°C, evaporate at 150°C, final boiling point, research octane number, motor octane number, aromatic content, olefinic content, benzene content, oxygen content, and methyl tert‐butyl ether content) of gasoline produced in Matosinhos' refinery. The input variables for the regression are the 1H NMR spectral intensities of a total of 448 samples, which were recorded using a picoSpin NMR spectrometer operating at 80 MHz. The output variables are the corresponding property values, which were also measured according to ISO standard methods. A spectral feature elimination before multivariate analysis was done to remove noise and speed up the chemometric analysis. The optimum complexity of each model was achieved by repeated double cross‐validation strategy, consisting of 100 repetitions of two nested cross‐validation loops. Quantitative partial least squares yielded accurate predictions of 11 of 13 properties within the reproducibility of ISO standards. The methodology presented in this work has been proven effective in property estimation and enables a significant reduction in the total time of gasoline quality control.
Selection-driven tumor evolution involving non-cell growth promotion leads to patterns of clonal expansion consistent with neutrality interpretation

Cancers are the result of eco-evolutionary processes fueled by heritable phenotypic diversification and driven by environmentally dependent selection. As space represents a key growth-limiting ecological resource, the ability to gain and explore this resource is likely to be under strong selection. Using agent-based computational modeling, we explored the consequences of the interplay between phenotypic strategies centered on gaining access to new space through cell-extrinsic degradation of extracellular matrix barriers and the exploitation of this resource through maximizing cell proliferation. While cell proliferation is a cell-intrinsic property, newly accessed space represents a public good, which can benefit both producers and non-producers. We found that that this interplay results in ecological succession, enabling emergence of large, heterogenous, and highly proliferative populations. Even though in our simulations both remodeling and proliferation strategies were under strong positive selection, their interplay led to sub-clonal architecture that could be interpreted as evidence for neutral evolution, warranting cautious interpretation of inferences from sequencing of cancer genomes.
Adaptive source term iteration : a stable formulation for radiative transfer

The radiative transfer problem is a model used to describe particles moving in a medium with which the particles might interact. It is used in a broad variety of fields including nuclear physics, medical imaging and astrophysics. From a numerical perspective, it is a challenging problem, due to its transport character and relatively high dimensionality with a 2d−1 dimensional solution (d spatial and d−1 directional dimensions). An integral operator over the directional domain introduces a global coupling of all directions that further complicates the high dimensionality. Solving the radiative transfer problem is traditionally done either using the nondeterministic Monte Carlo method or with deterministic solvers like the method of moments and the discrete ordinates method. Those deterministic methods usually use rather strong assumptions to obtain a priori estimates on the discretization error that might not hold in realistic physical settings. In this thesis, we propose a new deterministic method for solving the radiative transfer problem that gives rigorous a posteriori error estimates on the discrete solution. This method is based on an ideal fixed-point iteration in an infinite-dimensional setting that is solved approximately with dynamically updated accuracy. Thus, we call this new method Adaptive Source Term Iteration or ASTI for short. The use of a posteriori error estimates allows us to solve problems with less regular solutions and also reduces the computational costs by using adaptively chosen grids. The main difference with regard to existing Source Term Iteration methods, which iterate in fixed discrete spaces, is that ASTI adapts the spaces, in both the spatial and directional domain, during the iteration. This way, we can control the error of our iteration to guarantee convergence towards the exact solution. For the transport solver, we use a Discontinuous Petrov–Galerkin (DPG) method from Broersen, Dahmen and Stevenson. It is well suited for the kind of linear transport problems we obtain from the Adaptive Source Term Iteration and gives reliable a posteriori error estimates. This is based on Banach–Nečas–Babuška stability theory which centers around the existence of inf-sup estimates. All this adaptivity theory based upon a posteriori error estimators is new in the context of radiative transfer problems. As the analysis gets more involved, we also have to solve new implementational challenges. This can especially be seen in the grid management which involves combining transport solutions living on different adaptively refined grids. Our implementation of the Adaptive Source Term Iteration is built upon the general-purpose Dune-DPG library which was extended by code for an adaptive scattering approximation and for combining solutions living on differently adapted grids. Finally, we give two example problems computed with our ASTI implementation which illustrate how the adaptivity keeps the size of the discretized formulation in a feasible range while guaranteeing certified error bounds.
Imaging Methods Versus Inverse Methods: An Option or An Alternative?

Both imaging and inversion of potential fields allow the estimation of the source–property distribution. Here, we compare these methods in order to assess their relative advantages and performances. Specifically, we use an iterative imaging algorithm, which is based on the compact depth from extreme points (CDEXP), and the data-space inverse algorithm. This choice was determined because both the methods use a depth weighting function and a compacting function, i.e., they yield a compact source solution. Inverted and imaged solutions are compared with each other, for two sets of noise-corrupted synthetic data, one relative to a simple prism and the other to two oppositely dipping dikes. In both cases, the two models show a noticeable similarity. However, the execution times are substantially different, with the inversion times being an order of magnitude greater. Finally, we interpret two real gravity data sets by using both the approaches: gravity data sets acquired over 1) the Galinge iron-ore deposit of Northwest China and 2) Jiaodong gold deposit of East China. We found that the source models obtained by imaging and inversion methods are once again similar.
A Review on Dispersal Polymorphism in Wing-Dimorphic, Mono-Morphic, Wingless, and Range-Expanding Insects, and Experimental Designs for Sorting out Resident and Disperser Phenotypes

Dispersal represents a key life-history trait with several implications for the fitness of organisms, population dynamics and resilience, local adaptation, meta-population dynamics, range shifting and biological invasions. Plastic and evolutionary changes of dispersal traits have been intensively studied over the past decades in entomology, in particular in wing-dimorphic insects for which literature reviews are available. Importantly, dispersal polymorphism also exists in wing-monomorphic and wingless insects, and except for butterflies, fewer syntheses are available. In this perspective, by integrating the very last research in the fast moving field of insect dispersal ecology, this review article provides an overview of our current knowledge of dispersal polymorphism in insects. After having provided a definition of the main terms characterising insects’ movements, some of the most often used experimental methodologies for the separation of dispersers and residents in wing-monomorphic and wingless insects are presented. The existing knowledge on the morphological and life-history trait differences between resident and disperser phenotypes is then synthetized. The fourth part examines the effects of range expansion on dispersal traits and performance, in particular for insects from range edges and invasion fronts. Finally, some research perspectives are proposed in the last part of the review.
Oral health in South East Queensland Koalas: Prevalence of periodontal disease and other pathologies

3.1 Chart record keeping requires accurate details so it can be a reliable recording of a statistical measure of health. Most charts evolve over time, improved through the material they collect. This study examined the health records spanning 17 years from a free-range koala hospital (Moggill Koala Hospital, Brisbane, MKH). Overall, 4980 records were reviewed. The research centred on the chart development process, examiner performance and recording quality. Seventeen charts evolved from a single admission chart from 1990. The charts underwent 30 modifications between 1990 and 2006. Modifications ranged from change in presentation, increase or decrease in the number of questions or complete deletion of a chart. Chart usage was performed by multiple personnel including volunteers, veterinarians, koala keepers and leaf cutters. The 4,980 records contained 74,700 fields requiring information. Over the 17 years, 31% (23,332) had no data entry. The highest proportion of not recording data over all years was within the General Condition field (20%), followed by Cystitis (16%) and Conjunctivitis (15%). The tooth wear class system had been altered during the assessed years. Tooth wear classes that originally followed 0 to 10 classes in 1995 were arranging into a 0 to 18.5 scale in 2005. By 1995, 89% of the chart format was an index response question. The indices used were 0/1(absent/present), 0-3 (mild, moderate, severe), 0-10 or 0-18.5 (tooth wear). Overall the single examiners’ record keeping quality did not change between the period of 1995 ( 11.48 ±0.835) and 2005 [( 11.19±1.59); t (198) = 1.62; P>0.01]. There was
Chronic post-traumatic osteomyelitis as a problem of contemporary traumatology and orthopedics (literature review)

The paper discusses the problem of chronic osteomyelitis from the positions that are either circumvented or not taken into account by practitioners. Microbiological, clinical, pharmacological, pathomorphological and pathophysiological aspects of the inflammatory process of bone tissue are presented. The review also outlines the immunological features of the chronic osteomyelitis course, as well as a contemporary view on this disease as an interdisciplinary problem.
The Effects of Combining Farm Yard Manure, Starter Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Zinc on Growth and Yield of Green Grams

Green gram (Vigna radiate l.) is an important legume grown within Kenyan Coast. Despite the crops importance as a locally available nutrient supplement, its production is constrained by declining soil fertility caused by poor agronomic practices. A field experiment was established during the March-June, 2019 long rains in multi locational sites at Matuga and Mivumoni in Kwale County. The experiment was aimed at investigating the effect of integrating farm yard manure, zinc and starter nitrogen and phosphorus on soil fertility, growth and yield of green grams. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Treatments included: Zinc, NP, Manure, Manure+ zinc, NP+ zinc and control. Green gram variety tested was KS20. Data collected included: Initial soil chemical properties, plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of pods per plant, grains per pod, weight of 100 grains, biomass and grain yield. Results showed that Zinc+ manure significantly promoted the highest plant height, number of leaves, grain yield. Plots treated with zinc+ manure recorded 32% higher plant height and 46% higher grain yield compared to NP applied plots. In conclusion, integration of manure and zinc was most effective in promoting green grams growth and yield. Since, this research was carried out on station in ferralic, chromic Luvisols; there is need for long term trials in farmers’ fields with diverse soil properties and environmental conditions. Original Research Article Muindi et al.; JAERI, 20(4): 1-9, 2019; Article no.JAERI. 53943 2
Growth Responses of Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell Plantations in South Sumatra to Macronutrient Fertilisers Following Several Rotations of Acacia mangium Willd.

Eucalyptus pellita has rapidly emerged as the species that has replaced Acacia mangium in broad-scale commercial plantations in Indonesia following widespread losses due to disease and in soils that have suffered a steady decline in phosphorus (P) under plantation forestry. Conversion from a nitrogen (N)-fixing to a non-N fixing species is expected to change the nutrient dynamics and the management required to maximise productivity. In this study in South Sumatra, responses of E. pellita to the application of N, P, potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) fertilisers were assessed at a number of trials on sites with varying site history; A. mangium was planted at one site to compare the species’ responses to N and P. The growth of E. pellita responded significantly (p < 0.01) to P’s application but not to N, K or Ca, with the addition of P increasing the stem volume by 32.6 m3 ha−1 at 3 years of age compared with no addition of P fertiliser; the demand for P in the first two years of growth was, respectively, 4.8 and 6.8 kg ha−1. This positive and large response appears to be because E. pellita has a lower efficiency in its use of P than A. mangium and is, therefore, more responsive than A. mangium to the addition of P. The reason for the lack of response to N remains unclear, although demand for N as well as K and Ca was high. These results suggest that sites recently converted to E. pellita from A. mangium and also new ex-native forest sites will be likely to only respond to P addition and that the response of E. pellita is likely to be greater than for A. mangium to maximise yield. At present, additional N, Ca or K fertilisers are not required, but this may change in the future.
Improving Clinical Decision Support in Low-Income Regions

The combination of lightly trained doctors, under-resourced hospitals, and complex treatment protocols can sometimes result in sub-standard care for HIV patients in low-income regions. While previous work has shown that printed patient summaries with reminders improve the quality of care, reliable access to such decision support is limited. Moreover, even when summaries are available, there are no efficient mechanisms for doctors to correct serious errors found in the summaries. Supervisors of these systems also face challenges, such as depending on unreliable manual processes to monitor summary usage across geographically dispersed clinics. This dissertation describes ODK Clinic, a mobile phone application that makes patient summaries with reminders available at the point of care, enables doctors to correct mistakes in a patient's record, and empowers supervisors with detailed usage data. Informed by the results of a 90-day deployment with over 13,000 patient encounters, I present evidence of how ODK Clinic has improved clinical decision support at one of the largest HIV treatment programs in Sub-Saharan Africa.