Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Decomposition and stabilization of organic matter in an old-growth tropical riparian forest: effects of soil properties and vegetation structure

Background Nutrient cycling in tropical forests has a large importance for primary productivity, and decomposition of litterfall is a major process influencing nutrient balance in forest soils. Although large-scale factors strongly influence decomposition patterns, small-scale factors can have major influences, especially in old-growth forests that have high structural complexity and strong plant-soil correlations. Here we evaluated the effects of forest structure and soil properties on decomposition rates and stabilization of soil organic matter using the Tea Bag Index (TBI) in an old-growth riparian forest in southeastern Brazil. These data sets were described separately using Principal Components Analysis (PCA). The main axes for each analysis, together with soil physical properties (clay content and soil moisture), were used to construct structural equations models that evaluated the different parameters of the TBI, decomposition rates and stabilization factor. The best model was selected using Akaike’s criterion. Results Forest structure and soil physical and chemical properties presented large variation among plots within the studied forest. Clay content was strongly correlated with soil moisture and the first PCA axis of soil chemical properties, and model selection indicated that clay content was a better predictor than this axis. Decomposition rates presented a large variation among tea bags (0.009 and 0.098 g·g − 1 ·d − 1 ) and were positively related with forest structure, as characterized by higher basal area, tree density and larger trees. The stabilization factor varied between 0.211–0.426 and was related to forest stratification and soil clay content. Conclusions The old-growth forest studied presented high heterogeneity in both forest structure and soil properties at small spatial scales, that influenced decomposition processes and probably contributed to small-scale variation in nutrient cycling. Decomposition rates were only influenced by forest structure, whereas the stabilization factor was influenced by both forest structure and soil properties. Heterogeneity in ecological processes can contribute to the resilience of old-growth forests, highlighting the importance of restoration strategies that consider the spatial variation of ecosystem processes.
Phonon Dispersion in the Layered Compound PbI2

Phonon dispersion curves up to a frequency of 2.5 THz have been measured by inelastic neutron scattering in a sample of Pbl2 with D structure for the three principal symmetry directions. No appreciable two-dimensional character has been detected in the dispersion of the acoustic modes, and the elastic constants derived from the measurements show only slight anisotropy. Comparisons are made of the present optic mode determination with previous measurements. Mit unelastischer Neutronenstreuung wurden Dispersionskurven fur die drei Haupt- Symmetrierichtungen in Pbl2 bis zu Frequenzen von 2,5 THz gemessen. Die Struktur war D. In der Dispersion der akustischen Zweige wurde kein deutlicher zweidimensionaler Einflulβ beobachtet. Elastische Konstanten, die aus den Ergebnissen bestimmt wurden, zeigen nur geringe Anisotropie. Die hier gefundenen optischen Zweige werden mit alteren optischen Messungen verglichen.
Flexible silk fibroin films modified by genipin and glycerol

Silk fibroin (SF) films, modified by genipin (GP) and glycerol (Gl), with favourable mechanical properties, were obtained by a casting/solvent evaporation method. Simultaneously, the chemical, mechanical and structural properties of the films were examined and analyzed. Compared to uncrosslinked SF films, fibroin solubility of the modified SF (MSF) and Gl/MSF films in the warm water decreased dramatically from 46% to 15%, exhibiting good stability under a physiological environment. The best, valuable modified films with tensile strength of 18.0 MPa, breaking elongation of 171.1% and Young's modulus of 463.1 MPa were obtained when the GP and Gl content were both 20 wt% and relative to the amount of fibroin. The deformability of the MSF films augmented significantly by increasing the Gl concentration. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) results revealed that GP could react with SF macromolecules to form inter- and intra-molecular conjugated covalent bonds. Moreover, the FT-IR and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies illustrated the GP induced conformational transition from random coil to β-sheet SF chains, yielding MSF and Gl/MSF films with enhanced stable thermal stability. The cytocompatibility of the MSF films were evaluated through MTT assay using L929 fibroblast. Compared to the SF films treated with 75% ethanol, the MSF films exhibited significant cytocompatibility, which was demonstrated by cell adhesion, proliferation and cell morphology. The intrinsic properties and biological results suggest that the MSF films may be potential candidate materials for wound dressing applications or tissue engineering strategies.
may still occur where the CO 2 -driven boost to primary productivity

how global warming enhances the poleward movement of warm-adapted species 33,34 , but there is almost nothing known on how ocean acidification might accelerate or buffer these range extensions, despite the fact that both stressors will increase in strength in the near future 35 . One key issue for marine systems is the divergent forecasts of ocean warming and ocean acidification on the foraging effects of ecosystem engineers such as warm-adapted sea urchins, particularly the consequences of their range expansion to cooler latitudes. While warming is considered a primary driver of the expansion of their barrens at cooler latitudes by increasing urchin abundances leading to over-grazed kelp forests 36 , ocean acidification might inhibit the creation of barrens by reducing urchin fitness and abundance, allowing an increase of non-calcified organisms. Although some sea urchin species may be able to adapt to ocean acidification 37 , such phase shift Ferreira 1 , Sean D. Connell 1 and David J. Booth 2 Poleward range extensions by warm-adapted sea urchins are switching temperate marine ecosystems from kelp-dominated to barren-dominated systems that favour the establishment of range-extending tropical fishesa. Yet, such tropicalization may be buffered by ocean acidification, which reduces urchin grazing performance and the urchin barrens that tropical range-extending fishes prefer. Using ecosystems experiencing natural warming and acidification, we show that ocean acidification could buffer warming-facilitated tropicalization by reducing urchin populations (by 87%) and inhibiting the formation of barrens. This buff-ering effect of CO 2 enrichment was observed at natural CO 2 vents that are associated with a shift from a barren-dominated to a turf-dominated state, which we found is less favourable to tropical fishes. Together, these observations suggest that ocean acidification may buffer the tropicalization effect of ocean warming against urchin barren formation via multiple processes (fewer urchins and barrens) We as an early assess the combined consequences of ocean acidification and ocean affected by CO . By using only species that matched home as draw conclusions the effects of habitat modification on
Interactions in symmetric top molecules between vibrational polyads: rotational and rovibrational spectroscopy of low-lying states of propyne, H3C–C≡CH

Abstract More than 700 new pure rotational transitions (Δν=0, ΔJ=1, Δk=0) pertaining to the vibrational states ν 10=1, 2 and ν 9=l have been recorded between 85 and 922GHz corresponding to 4≤J″≤53. In the case of ν 10=1, high-K transitions could be recorded up to Kl 10=−17 and +19, respectively, only limited by the vanishing intensities of these lines involving highly excited states. Similarly, the ν 9=1+1 subbranch could be followed up to K=18. Investigations of the other subbranches were limited to K values below those severely perturbed by Fermi interactions with vibrational states of the next tetrad approximately 350cm−1 higher in vibrational energy. Moreover, perturbations in the K=8 stack of ν 5=1 could be traced to a intervibrational q 12 resonance with ν 10=2−2, K=9. Several highly perturbed transitions, including transitions between the two vibrational states, have been recorded in the submillimetre range and fit to within experimental uncertainties. The intervibrational transitions also permitted one to improve the determination of the K level structure in the ground vibrational state. The analysis of a previously recorded high resolution infrared spectrum of the ν 10 region around 331cm−1 has been extended to high-K values for the cold ν 10 band and to a substantial portion of the 2ν 10−ν 10 hot band. Furthermore, new high resolution infrared spectra of propyne have been recorded around 650, 1000 and 1350cm−1. Assignments for the ν 9 and ν 5 bands with origins at 639 and 930cm−1 encompass those of previous studies. The 2ν 10, l=0 subband at 651cm−1 has been assigned for the first time. The global fit of pure rotational and rovibrational data obtained in the present study, combined with previous data for the ν 10=1 state and the ν 5=1, ν 10=ν 9=1, ν 10=3 and ν 8=1 tetrad, has resulted in the first quantitative descriptions of the Fermi-type interaction between ν 9=1 and ν 10=ν 9=1 as well as between ν 10=2 and ν 10=3 and of Coriolis type interactions between ν 10=2 and ν 9=1 and ν 5=1, respectively. In addition, the combined analysis yielded improved spectroscopic parameters for the Fermi resonances between ν 10=1 and v 10 =2 and between ν 9=1 and ν 10=2, as well as for the Coriolis interaction between ν 10=1 and ν 9=1.
Enhancement of the Li Conductivity in LiF by Introducing Glass/Crystal Interfaces

For a variety of purposes, solid electrolytes with high ionic conductivity are believed to be an alternative to widely used liquid electrolytes. Most of them are developed based on the exploration of crystalline or amorphous structures. As a very rare example of the beneficial influence of glass/ceramic interfaces, we report the conductivity of LiF films on SiO2. The LiF thin films are surprisingly found to be structurally disordered on the silica (0001) surface, leading to a remarkable enhancement of the Li‐ion conductivity (6 × 10−6 S cm−1 at 50 °C, with an activation energy of 0.55 eV) of three orders of magnitude. The resulting conductivity is not exceedingly high, but is comparable with that of the current, best thin‐film solid electrolyte (Li(3 + x)PO(4 ‐ x)Nx). The conductivity is highest if a significant density of glass/ceramic interfaces is achieved and percolation of the interfaces guaranteed.
The role of higher-symmetry phases in anisotropy of theoretical tensile strength of metals and intermetallics

Abstract Fully self-consistent ab initio electronic structure calculation of the theoretical tensile strength of single-crystalline tungsten and NiAl loaded uniaxially along [001] and [111] directions is performed using the full-potential LAPW method. Although tungsten is elastically nearly isotropic (C 44≈C'), theoretical tensile strength exhibits a marked anisotropy. Similarly, in NiAl, the ‘hard’ orientation [001] differs very significantly from the [111] orientation. This anisotropy is explained in terms of higher-symmetry structures present or absent along the deformation paths.
Vibration Control of a Probe-and-Drogue Refueling Hose System with Prescribed Bound

We develop a boundary control strategy for vibration suppression mission of a probe-and-drogue refueling hose (PDRH) system with prescribed bound in this study. Based on the distributed parameter system theory, the PDRH is modeled by partial differential equations (PDEs) because of its characteristic of infinite dimension. No violation of the time-varying boundary constraint during operation is warranted by the barrier Lyapunov function. Signals of closed-loop system are demonstrated to be uniformly bounded via Lyapunov's direct method. By choosing parameters appropriately, system state is proven to converge to a small neighborhood of zero. The feasibility of the proposed control law is verified by simulation results.
Integrated Dissemination System of Frequency, Time and Data for Radio Astronomy

For radio telescope array applications, the precise time and frequency reference predominantly determines the quality of the observation. In this paper, we demonstrate an integrated dissemination system which can achieve ultra-stable frequency dissemination, time synchronization and data transfer simultaneously over a single optical fiber link. The test of this integrated system was carried out on the 48-km fiber link, which consisted of 28-km buried fibers, and 20-km fiber spool in laboratory. It has been experimentally demonstrated that the frequency transfer stability is <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.6 \times {10^{ - 14}}/s$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.0 \times {10^{ - 16}}/{10^4}s$</tex-math></inline-formula>. The time synchronization with 100-ps accuracy and the error bit ratio of data transfer at the level of 10<sup>-8</sup> are also demonstrated.
Automatic Detection of Vehicle Targets Based on CenterNet Model

In the context of the new era, the concept of smart transportation has appeared in people’s lives. Detecting vehicles and pedestrians has become a popular application research direction in the field of target detection. Aiming at the problem that traditional methods have low accuracy in vehicle detection in the actual environment, a vehicle detection method based on the CenterNet model in deep learning is proposed. When constructing the model, this paper regards the target as a point— the center point of the target BBox. The detector uses key point estimation to find the center point and returns to other target attributes, such as size, 3D position, direction, and even pose. This paper uses Peking University/Baidu_Autonomous Driving dataset for training and testing. The experimental results show that compared with Inception-ResNet-V2 and Efficient-Det, the method proposed in this paper has significantly improved the average detection accuracy. It has a good detection effect for vehicles in actual scenes, and the network has certain robustness.
Framework for Multimodal Image Fusion for Detection of Glioblastoma

The detection and classification of tumors like Glioblastoma is largely dependent on the imaging techniques like Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging and its variants. Although these techniques are widely accepted in representing different characteristics of the brain, they face challenges starting from acquisition to analysis, leading to delay. These challenges make it difficult to detect or classify the different grades of tumors at an early stage. Also, a single imaging technique is never enough and fails to detect the tumor in some cases. In order to overcome these challenges, a framework is proposed to combine these images and generate a single image that is visually enhanced and assist in early detection of Glioblastoma. The framework commences with preprocessing the CT and MR images, registering the images, fusing the multi-modal images into a single image, followed by enhancement and segmentation.
Distributed synchronization for charging sensors based on service priority in WSAN

Wireless sensor and actuator networks are based on the collaboration of sensor and actuator nodes, relying on low power consumption, low cost, and wireless communication. One of the significant limitations of sensor and actuator networks is low power supply. In this paper, an algorithm based on the cooperation of actuators and sensors extends the life of nodes. Since the actuators are more energy-efficient and capable of moving and charging immobile sensor nodes, prevent a network from splitting, and can extend network life by identifying and charging the sensor nodes whose energy is running out. Our goal is to identify and charge the low-energy sensors by the actuators. In the proposed method, based on the priority of each sensor and considering the amount of remaining charge, the actuator moves to the desired sensor. A distributed algorithm is presented in this paper that its aim is to identifies the desired sensor nodes and with the coordination between the actuators, serves the sensor nodes and extends their life.
Immobility of Emamectin Benzoate in Soils

The soil mobility of 4‘‘-deoxy-4‘‘-(epi-methylamino)avermectin B1a (MAB1a) benzoate, the major (>90%) component of emamectin benzoate (MK-0244), was determined by a batch equilibrium technique and also by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Four concentrations of [3H]MAB1a benzoate (10−650 ng/5 mL) in calcium chloride solution were equilibrated with 1 g of sandy loam, sand, clay loam, and silt loam soil types. The test compound was very tightly bound (≥99%) to each of the four soils and did not significantly desorb (<1.3%). The values of the Freundlich distribution constant extrapolated to 100% carbon content (sorption Koc) were 2.5 × 104 to 7.3 × 105. The high Koc values indicate that MAB1a benzoate is immobile in soils. The mobility of [14C]MAB1a benzoate was also assessed in six different soils by using the soils as adsorbent phases in TLC. Mobile and immobile pesticide controls were also assayed in these systems for comparison. [14C]MAB1a benzoate was classified as immobile in all soils. The results of b.
An Attention Based Hierarchical LSTM Model for Detection of Myocardial Infarction

This paper presents a novel LSTM based method for the detection of Myocardial Infarction (MI) using multilead ECG signal. ECG signal has intra-beat, inter-beat, and inter-lead variations. All three variations are important for the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We have proposed a hierarchical LSTM model with input ECG segments of size 0.1 second to utilize the intra-beat and inter-beat variation. The attention mechanism has also been integrated into the model to give more weight to segments with significant diagnostic information. The model is evaluated using the PTB ECG database. For evaluation of the model, 5-fold cross validation is employed. The model achieves an average accuracy of 99.88% for the detection of MI. An average sensitivity of 99.92% and an average specificity of 99.73% is achieved by the model. The proposed model performs better than most of the existing models for MI diagnosis.
A Biometric Key Generation Mechanism for Authentication Based on Face Image

Facial biometrics have the advantages of high reliability, strong distinguishability and easily acquired for authentication. Therefore, it is becoming wildly used in identity authentication filed. However, there are stability, security and privacy issues in generating face key, which brings great challenges to face biometric authentication. In this paper, we propose a biometric key generation scheme based on face image. On the one hand, a deep neural network model for feature extraction is used to improve the stability of identity authentication. On the other hand, a key generation mechanism is designed to generate random biometric key while hiding original facial biometrics to enhance security and privacy of user authentication. The results show the FAR reach to 0.53% and the FRR reach to 0.57% in LFW face database, which achieves the better performance of biometric identification, and the proposed method is able to realize randomness of the generated biometric keys by NIST statistical test suite.
An Integrated CNN-GRU Framework for Complex Ratio Mask Estimation in Speech Enhancement

In this paper, we propose a novel neural network-based speech enhancement approach, where a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a gated recurrent unit (GRU) are integrated to estimate a modified complex ratio mask (MCRM.) The new CNN structure comprised of frequency dilated convolution layers is employed to extract speech features while benefiting from the global contextual information of input speech. The CNN incorporates the skip connection and residual learning techniques to facilitate the training and accelerate the convergence. The GRU network is exploited to map the CNN-extracted features to the MCRM, which is used to enhance both magnitude and phase of the input speech. We compare the enhancement performance of the proposed method using features extracted by CNN with that of the GRU network using some conventional acoustic features, showing the advantage of the proposed CNN-GRU model. We also demonstrate that the GRU outperforms other recurrent neural network variations within the proposed model for mask estimation in terms of separated speech quality, memory footprint, and the number of model parameters in the presence of highly non-stationary noises.
Self-supervised hamiltonian mechanics neural networks

We developed a method to derive the hamiltonian of an unknown system by machine learning the motions of the system. We modified the training process of Greydanus et al.’s hamiltonian neural network to make it be capable of learning from a dataset without the change-of-state ground truth. In other word, the learning process is self-supervised. This improvement can extend the application of the hamiltonian neural network because it is sometimes difficult to accurately measure the change of state of the system. Our model can now be able to learn the free particle system and the harmonic oscillator system.
Study of the thermal stability of glucose oxidase in the presence of water‐soluble polymers

The thermal stability of glucose oxidase (GOD) in solutions containing water-soluble hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile (HPAN) and polyoxyethylene (POE) was studied as a function of time and temperature between 28 and 60°C. The results were compared with the thermal stability of GOD in solutions without polymers. The polymers studied were found to increase the enzyme thermal stability. The influence of the concentration of the water-soluble polymers on enzyme thermal stability was also studied. The best protection effect on enzyme thermal stability had 3 wt % solution of HPAN and 1 wt % solution of polyoxyethylene. Solutions with higher concentrations led to a quick deactivation of the enzyme. It was proved that the effect of 3 wt % HPAN solution was stronger than the effect of 1 wt % POE (59.0 versus 52.0%). The thermal transition of the enzyme was studied in both the presence and the absence of HPAN by DSC. The melting temperature of GOD in the presence of HPAN was shifted to an 11°C higher value. This sustained the supposition that HPAN increases the thermostability of GOD. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1393–1397, 2003