Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding and Detecting Concurrency Attacks

Just like bugs in single-threaded programs can lead to vulnerabilities, bugs in multithreaded programs can also lead to concurrency attacks. Unfortunately, there is little quantitative data on how well existing tools can detect these attacks. This paper presents the first quantitative study on concurrency attacks and their implications on tools. Our study on 10 widely used programs reveals 26 concurrency attacks with broad threats (e.g., OS privilege escalation), and we built scripts to successfully exploit 10 attacks. Our study further reveals that, only extremely small portions of inputs and thread interleavings (or schedules) can trigger these attacks, and existing concurrency bug detectors work poorly because they lack help to identify the vulnerable inputs and schedules. Our key insight is that the reports in existing detectors have implied moderate hints on what inputs and schedules will likely lead to attacks and what will not (e.g., benign bug reports). With this insight, this paper presents a new directed concurrency attack detection approach and its implementation, OWL. It extracts hints from the reports with static analysis, augments existing detectors by pruning out the benign inputs and schedules, and then directs detectors and its own runtime vulnerability verifiers to work on the remaining, likely vulnerable inputs and schedules. Evaluation shows that OWL reduced 94.3% reports caused by benign inputs or schedules and detected 7 known concurrency attacks. OWL also detected 3 previously unknown concurrency attacks, including a use-after-free attack in SSDB confirmed as CVE-2016-1000324, an integer overflow , HTML integrity violation in Apache and three new MySQL data races confirmed with bug ID 84064, 84122, 84241. All OWL source code, exploit scripts, and results are available at https://github.com/ruigulala/ConAnalysis.
An 8-Week Randomized, Double-Blind Trial Comparing Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of 3 Vilazodone Dose-Initiation Strategies Following Switch From SSRIs and SNRIs in Major Depressive Disorder.

INTRODUCTION Vilazodone, a selective and potent 5-HT1A partial agonist and 5-HT reuptake inhibitor, has been approved for treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults. The primary objective of the study was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of switching to 3 different doses of vilazodone from an equivalent dose range of generic selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) in adult subjects with MDD. METHOD This was an 8-week, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, 3-arm trial to compare vilazodone 10 mg/d, 20 mg/d, and 40 mg/d as starting doses. Data were collected from December 2012 to December 2013. There was no washout phase, prior medications were stopped at the baseline visit, and vilazodone was started the next day in adults with MDD (DSM-IV criteria). The 10-mg/d and 20-mg/d dose was increased to 40 mg/d by week 3 and week 1, respectively, and the 40-mg/d initiation dose continued unchanged. The primary efficacy measure was change in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score between the 3 dose groups. The secondary efficacy measures were changes in Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S), CGI-Improvement (CGI-I), and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) scores. Safety measures were obtained by spontaneously reported adverse events, vital signs recording, and laboratory tests. Multivariate tests were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Seventy subjects were randomized, and 60 subjects completed the study (n = 20 in each group). Overall, there was a significant reduction in MADRS score from baseline (26.08 ± 1.1) to week 8 (9.86 ± 1.2) in the entire sample (P < .001). Similarly, there was a significant improvement in CGI-S (P < .001), CGI-I (P < .001) and HDRS (P < .001) scores from baseline to the end of the trial. There were no significant differences between the 3 vilazodone dose-initiation groups in changes in MADRS scores (P = .95) or changes in CGI-S (P = .83), CGI-I (P = .51), or HARS scores (P = .61). Dry mouth (n = 55), nausea (n = 10), and diarrhea (n = 5) were the most common side effects, with diarrhea reported in 5 subjects in the 40-mg/d initiation group. No serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicates the potential benefit of switching to vilazodone in patients with MDD who are inadequate responders to SSRIs or SNRIs. There were no meaningful differences in efficacy or tolerability between the 3 different dose-initiation strategies with vilazodone; however, diarrhea appeared to be more frequently reported with the 40-mg/d dose. Given the modest sample size, larger studies are required to confirm our findings. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT02015546 and NCT01473381.
Growth and phenolic compounds of Lactuca sativa L. grown in a closed-type plant production system with UV-A, -B, or -C lamp.

BACKGROUND The production of high-quality crops based on phytochemicals is a strategy for accelerating the practical use of plant factories. Previous studies have demonstrated that ultraviolet (UV) light is effective in improving phytochemical production. This study aimed to determine the effect of various UV wavelengths on growth and phenolic compound accumulation in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) grown in a closed-type plant production system. RESULTS Seven days, 1 day and 0.25 day were determined as the upper limit of the irradiation periods for UV-A, -B, and -C, respectively, in the lettuce based on physiological disorders and the fluorescence parameter F(v)/F(m). Continuous UV-A treatment significantly induced the accumulation of phenolic compounds and antioxidants until 4 days of treatment without growth inhibition, consistent with an increase in phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) gene expression and PAL activity. Repeated or gradual UV-B exposure yielded approximately 1.4-3.6 times more total phenolics and antioxidants, respectively, than the controls did 2 days after the treatments, although both treatments inhibited lettuce growth. Repeated UV-C exposure increased phenolics but severely inhibited the growth of lettuce plants. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that UV irradiation can improve the accumulation of phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties in lettuce cultivated in plant factories.
Enhanced four-wave-mixing of inversely tapered asymmetric C-rich SiC channel waveguide

Inversely tapered asymmetric C-rich SiC waveguide with 10-dB insertion loss in 9-mm length reveals strong nonlinear refractive index of 2.5×10<sup>−12</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/W to enhance four-wave mixing at a conversion efficiency up to −49 dB.
Deep Jammer : A Music Generation Model

Music generation remains an attractive and interesting application of machine learning since it is typically characterized by human ingenuity and creativity. Moreover, given the high-dimensionality of time-series data, it is difficult to construct a model that has the representational power necessary to capture the timeand note-invariant patterns throughout a musical piece. In this paper, we describe our implementation of a classical music generation model heavily influenced by previous work that uses deep neural networks, particularly Long-Short Term Memory networks (LSTMs), to capture the note and temporal patterns within a large dataset of classical pieces. We then use methods in transfer learning to train our classical music generation model on a small dataset of jazz pieces. Finally, we report and analyze the results of our experiments by comparing it to an existing music generation model that uses Markov
Differential regulation of breast tumor cell proliferation by stromal fibroblasts of various breast tissue sources

A stromal fibroblast‐mediated paracrine regulation of epithelial tumor cell proliferation and differentiation plays an important role in the development and progression of breast tumors. We have studied the paracrine growth regulation of various phenotypically different breast cancer cell lines using conditioned serum‐free media (C‐SFM) from primary breast fibroblasts. Fibroblast cultures were established from malignant primary tumors and adjacent normal breast tissue, benign fibroadenomas, cosmetic reduction mammoplasties and breast skin tissues. All fibroblast‐conditioned media were shown to stimulate the proliferation of breast cancer cell lines. However, the C‐SFM‐induced MCF‐7 proliferative response was shown to be significantly higher than the proliferative response observed with any of the other cell lines tested. More importantly, the MCF‐7 proliferative response obtained with malignant tumor tissue fibroblast C‐SFM was shown to be significantly higher than the response to C‐SFM from paired (and unpaired) normal adjacent breast tissue fibroblasts. The MCF‐7 proliferative response to fibroblast C‐SFM from normal tissue (adjacent to the tumor) was further shown to be comparable to the MCF‐7 response using benign or reduction mammoplastic tissue fibroblast C‐SFM. In addition, we show that IGFs are only partly responsible for the observed proliferative effect of the C‐SFMs, while EGF, TGFα and basic‐FGF are shown not to be involved. We conclude that stromal fibroblasts can differentially regulate breast cancer cell proliferation. Both the fibroblast's tissue source as well as the target tumor cell's phenotype will determine the extent of the proliferative response. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reproductive and obstetric outcomes after radical abdominal trachelectomy for early-stage cervical cancer in a series of 31 pregnancies.

STUDY QUESTION What are the reproductive and obstetric outcomes in patients undergoing radical abdominal trachelectomy (RAT) for early-stage cervical cancer? SUMMARY ANSWER When RAT was performed before a pregnancy achieved with fertility treatments, pregnancy rate of 36.2% was obtained and 71.4% of these women gave birth at ≥ 32 weeks of gestation. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Reproductive and obstetric outcomes after radical vaginal trachelectomy (RVT) are well documented; however, these outcomes after RAT have not been well studied. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This is a retrospective cohort study of patients at a single institution who underwent RAT and became pregnant. Reproductive and obstetric outcomes of 114 patients who had undergone RAT from September 2002 to December 2010 were investigated. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIAL, SETTING, METHODS Women of reproductive age with early-stage cervical cancer who wished to preserve their fertility were documented. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Patients' median age was 33 years (25-40 years). A total of 31 pregnancies were achieved in 25 patients and 6 patients had 2 pregnancies. Eighteen of 25 patients (72.0%) had infertility problems; 17 patients conceived with IVF-embryo transfer and 1 patient with intrauterine insemination. The pregnancy rate among patients who wished to conceive was 36.2% (25/69). Among 31 pregnancies in 25 patients, 4 patients had first trimester miscarriage and 1 patient had second trimester miscarriage. Excluding the five patients who miscarried and the five ongoing pregnancies, all the 21 patients had deliveries by Cesarean section. Four patients had a preterm birth in the second trimester and 17 patients delivered in the third trimester. Of the 17 pregnancies that reached the third trimester, 2 (11.8%) were preterm births between 29 and 32 weeks, 11 (64.7%) were delivered between 32 and 37 weeks and 4 (23.5%) at ≥ 37 weeks of gestation. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Because of the retrospective data collection, not all pregnancies may have been recorded. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Prospective multicenter studies are needed to determine if the results shown in this retrospective cohort can be generalized to all patients with early-stage cervical cancer who wish to undergo the fertility-sparing RAT procedure.
A T-Type Isolated Zero Voltage Switching DC–DC Converter With Capacitive Output

A novel isolated dc–dc converter is proposed, using the T-Type topology with zero voltage switching and pulse width modulated with a capacitive output filter. It uses four switches, two of which are subjected to the input voltage, and the other two to half the input voltage. All switches commutate under zero voltage over a wide load range. The proposed converter has the following features: (a) symmetrical operation of the isolation transformer, (b) modulation by pulse width with constant frequency, (c) zero voltage switching, and (d) three-level voltage applied to the primary winding of the transformer. Theoretical analysis, design example, and experimental data for a 2 kW, 400 VDC input, 400 VDC output, and 50 kHz switching frequency laboratory prototype, working in two operating points are included in this paper. The measured efficiency was 95% at 950 W.
Biochemical characterization of the free catalytic p110 alpha and the complexed heterodimeric p110 alpha.p85 alpha forms of the mammalian phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.

The regulatory (p85 alpha) and catalytic (p110 alpha) subunits of the mammalian phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase have been expressed in insect cells using the baculovirus sytem. The free catalytic subunit p110 alpha and the coexpressed heterodimeric complex of p85 alpha and p110 alpha were purified and their enzymological properties compared. While many kinetic parameters were similar, the coexpressed complex was found to have a 20-fold higher Km for ATP in comparison with the free catalytic subunit p110 alpha using phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate as a substrate; no significant difference was detectable when phosphatidylinositol was used. Reconstitution of the p110 alpha.p85 alpha complex in vitro showed that it had the properties of the free p110 alpha and not the p110 alpha.p85 alpha in vivo complex. Therefore, a post-translational modification dependent upon the presence of the regulatory subunit p85 alpha rather than the physical subunit interaction itself is responsible for the observed properties of the lipid kinase activity of the p110 alpha.p85 alpha complex. Phosphatase treatment of the purified lipid kinase complex reduced the high Km for ATP, suggesting that a phosphorylation of the heterodimeric complex (p85 alpha.p110 alpha) caused this effect. This mode of regulation is discussed in the context of lipid kinase activation in vivo.
Colonoscopy in rats: An endoscopic, histological and tomographic study.

AIM To describe colon anatomy with colonoscopy and computed tomography (CT) to develop a rat model for future studies of therapeutic colonoscopy. METHODS Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats, on average 400-420 g, underwent total colonoscopy, CT and histological examination. Colonoscopy was performed after bowel preparation with a baby upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with an outer diameter of 6.7 mm. CT obtained a 3D image of total colon after a rectal enema with radiological contrast. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations were examined with a conventional technique (hematoxylin and eosin). Colonic wall thickness, length and diameter measurements were taken from the anus, 3, 7, 14 and 20 cm from the anal margin. RESULTS The median colonoscope depth was 24 cm (range 20-28 cm). Endoscopic and tomographic study of colon morphology showed an easy access with tubular morphology in the entire left colon (proximal left colon and rectum). Transverse colon was unapparent on colonoscopy. Right colon, proximal to the splenic flexure, was the largest part of the colon and assumed saccular morphology with tangential trabecula. Radiological measurements of the colonic length and diameter substantiate a subdivision of the right colon into two parts, the cecum and distal right colon. In addition, histological measurement of the colonic wall thickness confirmed a progressive decrease from rectum to cecum. The muscular layer was thinner in the proximal left colon. CONCLUSION The combination of colonoscopy, tomography and histology leads to a better characterization of the entire colon. These data are important for deciding when to perform endoscopic resections or when to induce perforations to apply endoscopic treatments.
Contextual effects on protrusion and lip opening for /i, y/

This study investigates the effect of “adverse” contexts, especially that of the consonant /ʃ/, on labial parameters for French /i,y/. Five parameters were analysed: the height, width and area of lip opening, the distance between the corners of the mouth, as well as lip protrusion. Ten speakers uttered a corpus made up of isolated vowels, syllables and logatoms. A special procedure has been designed to evaluate lip opening contours. Results showed that the carry-over effect of the consonant /ʃ/ can impede the opposition between /i/ and /y/ in the protrusion dimension, depending upon speakers.
Non-Fragile Mixed LQR/H∞ Control Problem for Linear Systems with Controller Uncertainty

An algebraic Riccati equation approach to the non-fragile mixed LQR/H∞ control problem with controller uncertainty is presented. The corresponding controller is assumed to have time-varying norm-bounded uncertainties. Necessary and sufficient conditions of the existence of an admissible state feedback controller solving the non-fragile mixed LQR/H∞ control problem with controller uncertainly are given.
Functional conservation of the Salmonella and Shigella effectors of entry into epithelial cells

A Salmonella typhi chromosomal locus composed of five adjacent genes, designated sipEBCDA, was identified by transposon mutagenesis as being essential for cell invasion. Products of the sip genes exhibit extensive sequence similarities to the effectors of Shigella entry into epithelial cells encoded by the virulence plasmid‐borne ipa operon. Expression of sipE and sipB in a Shigella non‐invasive ipaB mutant restored the ability to invade epithelial cells. The structural and functional conservation of the Sip and Ipa proteins suggests that Salmonella and Shigella entry processes are promoted by similar effectors.
Document summarisation on mobile devices using non-negative matrix factorisation

With the rapid advancement of wireless communication technologies, mobile devices become very useful ubiquitous terminals. Typical devices are mobile phones with web browsing facilities, but there are many types of computing abilities. A low-end mobile phone has less ability than a smart phone with a complete operating system providing a platform for application developers. In general, there are typical shortcomings for mobile phone devices such as narrow bandwidth and the small-sized display. Therefore, document summarisation on mobile phones is one of the most convenient applications. This paper proposes compact and fast approaches that can summarise documents on mobile devices efficiently. The proposed method improves unsupervised schemes using the original non-negative matrix factorisation (NMF) that can determine the paragraph precedence without morphological and syntax analyses. In order to speed up the summarisation, the proposed technique is applied to the NMF method. From simulation results for test data of DUC2006, it turns out that the matrix size could be reduced by about 95% and the precision of summarisation speeding becomes 8.5 times faster than the original method without degrading the precision of extracted paragraphs.
Compact annular patch monopole antenna for WLAN application

In order to satisfy the requirement of dual-frequency, a novel ring shape antenna for dual-band WLAN applications is proposed. The antenna is fed by a 50Ω microstrip line. The configuration is simple. The proposed antenna consists of a ring-shape monopole which has two resonating paths with a gap. Therefore, the antenna can work at the two bands of WLAN. Optimization of the antenna and antenna radiation efficiency are analyzed by HFSS. Both the simulation result and the experimental result are provided. They coincide with each other.
The effects of long term testosterone administration on pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion and on ovarian histology in eugonadal female to male transsexual subjects.

Polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) is associated with elevated serum LH and (sub)normal FSH levels, while serum androgen levels are often elevated. To clarify the role of androgens in this abnormal pattern of gonadotropin secretion, LH secretion was studied in 1) 9 eugonadal female to male transsexual subjects before and during long term (6 months) testosterone (T) administration (250 mg/2 weeks, im), and 2) in a woman with an androgen-secreting ovarian tumor both before and after surgical removal of the tumor. Finally, we studied the effects of high serum androgen levels on ovarian histology in 3) 26 transsexual subjects after long term (9-36 months) T administration (250 mg/2 weeks, im) to assess whether T-induced ovarian abnormalities are similar to those that occur in women with PCOD. Long term T treatment in the nine female to male transsexual subjects resulted in increases in the mean serum T level from 1.7 +/- 0.8 (+/- SD) to 40.8 +/- 31.9 nmol/L (P less than 0.01), the mean serum dihydrotestosterone level from 0.6 +/- 0.2 to 3.3 +/- 1.5 nmol/L (P less than 0.02), and the mean serum free T level from 9.5 +/- 5.2 to 149 +/- 46 pmol/L (P less than 0.02). Mean serum estrone and estradiol levels were similar before and during T treatment. The mean serum LH level decreased from 6.3 +/- 2.0 to 2.9 +/- 1.1 U/L (P less than 0.01), and the mean FSH levels decreased from 6.6 +/- 2.0 to 3.7 +/- 2.2 U/L (P less than 0.02). Pulsatile LH secretion before and during T treatment was studied in five subjects. Neither the mean nadir LH interval nor the LH pulse amplitude changed significantly in these five subjects. The serum T level in the woman with the androgen-secreting ovarian tumor was 9.6 nmol/L, and it declined to normal after removal of the tumor. Her mean serum LH and FSH levels, the mean nadir LH interval, and LH pulse amplitude were in the normal range before and after removal of the tumor. Studies of ovarian histopathology in 26 transsexual subjects after long term androgen treatment revealed multiple cystic follicles in 18 subjects (69.2%), diffuse ovarian stromal hyperplasia in 21 subjects (80.8%), collagenization of the tunica albuginea in 25 subjects (96.2%), and luteinization of stromal cells in 7 subjects (26.9%). Findings consistent with criteria for the pathological diagnosis of polycystic ovaries, that is 3 of the 4 findings listed above, were present in 18 of the 26 subjects (69.2%). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Use of Benzodiazepines in the Management of Status Epilepticus

Summary: Benzodiazepines are potent and effective drugs for the management of acute seizures and status epilepticus. Lorazepam, diazepam, and clonazepam have been the most widely studied of the benzodiazepines in the treatment of status epilepticus. In 47 studies of these drugs involving 1,455 patients, lasting control of status epilepticus was achieved in 79% of the patients. None of these benzodiazepines is clearly superior to another for the effective control of status epilepticus. Differences in pharmacokinetic parameters, therefore, will influence the choice of drug. All three benzodiazepines are lipid‐soluble and enter the brain within seconds to minutes after intravenous administration. Diazepam, however, is very lipid‐soluble and highly protein‐bound and thus has a very large volume of distribution of unbound drug. As a result, the effective duration of action of diazepam in status epilepticus is only 20 to 30 min, whereas that of lorazepam, which has a much smaller volume of distribution of unbound drug, is at least several hours after a single intravenous injection. This allows the orderly administration of an antiepileptic drug for long‐term seizure control after status epilepticus has been controlled. For this reason, lorazepam is preferable for the initial management of status epilepticus. Continuous intravenous infusion of diazepam has been used successfully in the management of some patients with status epilepticus refractory to initial treatment.