Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stochastic Scheduling With Inertia-Dependent Fast Frequency Response Requirements

High penetration of wind generation will increase the requirement for fast frequency response services as currently wind plants do not provide inertial response. Although the importance of inertia reduction has been widely recognized, its impact on the system scheduling has not been fully investigated. In this context, this paper proposes a novel mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation for stochastic unit commitment that optimizes system operation by simultaneously scheduling energy production, standing/spinning reserves and inertia-dependent fast frequency response in light of uncertainties associated with wind production and generation outages. Post-fault dynamic frequency requirements, rate of change of frequency, frequency nadir and quasi-steady-state frequency are formulated as MILP constraints by using the simplified model of system dynamics. Moreover the proposed methodology enables the impact of wind uncertainty on system inertia to be considered. Case studies are carried out on the 2030 Great Britain system to demonstrate the importance of incorporating inertia-dependent fast frequency response in the stochastic scheduling and to indicate the potential for the proposed model to inform reviews of grid codes associated with fast frequency response and future development of inertia-related market.
Communicating about the Risks and Benefits of Genetically Modified Foods: The Mediating Role of Trust

Recent research suggests that public attitudes toward emerging technologies are mainly driven by trust in the institutions promoting and regulating these technologies. Alternative views maintain that trust should be seen as a consequence rather than a cause of such attitudes. To test its actual role, direct as well as mediating effects of trust were tested in an attitude change experiment involving 1,405 consumers from Denmark, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom. After prior attitudes to genetic modification in food production had been assessed, participants received different information materials (either product‐specific information or balanced/general information about genetic modification in food production) and were asked to evaluate different types of genetically modified foods (either beer or yoghurt). The information materials were attributed to different information sources (either an industry association, a consumer organization, or a government source). After completion, perceived risk and perceived benefit were assessed, and participants indicated their trust in the information sources to which the materials had been attributed. Direct and trust‐mediated attitude change effects were estimated in a multi‐sample structural equation model. The results showed that information provision had little effect on people's attitudes toward genetically modified foods, and that perceptions of information source characteristics contributed very little to attitude change. Furthermore, the type of information strategy adopted had almost no impact on postexperimental attitudes. The extent to which people trusted the information sources appeared to be driven by people's attitudes to genetically modified foods, rather than trust influencing the way that people reacted to the information. Trust was not driving risk perception—rather, attitudes were informing perceptions of the motivation of the source providing the information.
Solving fluid dynamics problems with Matlab

MATLAB (short for Matrix Laboratory) was created by Cleve Moler and Jack Little in the 1970’s. It is a programming language for technical computing. Its environment is easy to work with, the syntax is very simple and intuitive, it has powerful toolboxes to treat many different problems in engineering, and it allows us to produce fantastic graphics as the programme runs. It also allows us to create a graphical interface (via graphical user interfaces GUIs) that gives our programme a look that is very close to professional software. Because of many of the mentioned features, a MATLAB code can be very compact, allowing anyone to have "the big picture" of any code without have to look at all its details. Another great advantage of Matlab is that, if the code is written in a vectorized form, the code can run much faster than if it was written in the traditional form (’a la C/fortran’). The fact that MATLAB allows us to use a powerful toolbox for sparse matrices, is also a great advantage since, many traditional linear algebra operations can be highly improved, allowing the codes to run much faster than it would run with the traditional linear algebra functions. In our work we have made extensive use of MATLAB to do ’proof of concept’ studies, especially when developing new algorithms and techniques for solving systems of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations, such as those which arise in fluid dynamics. This includes, for instance, codes for investigating instabilities in lid-driven cavities, Boppana and Gajjar (2010), instabilities in flow past circular cylinders, Boppana and Gajjar (2011), and transonic flow past aerofoils Pereira and Gajjar (2010). In some cases MATLAB is used in its own right for solving small problems, but the fact that MATLAB is an interpreted language means that for increasing problem sizes, the MATLAB version of the code can be much slower than equivalent versions in other languages especially when one is dealing with very large sparse matrices. On the other hand the beauty of MATLAB is that much of the hard work is buried in the simple syntax and hidden from the user. An example of this is the use of the backslash operator for solving linear systems. Whether the system is sparse or full, the manner in which the equations are solved is hidden from the user and this greatly facilitates code development. In the equivalent fortran versions of the code the replacement for the ’\’ operation requires considerable work and the code translation process is no longer a trivial exercise. In this chapter we will discuss the use of hybrid spectral methods to solve two and three-dimensional problems using MATLAB. There is an excellent book by Trefethen (2000) which discusses the application of spectral methods using MATLAB to solve ordinary and 12
Augmenting antidepressant medication with modular CBT for geriatric generalized anxiety disorder: a pilot study

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a prevalent psychiatric condition in older adults with deleterious effects on health and cognition. Although selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) medications have some efficacy as acute treatments for geriatric GAD, incomplete response is the most common outcome of monotherapy. We therefore developed a novel sequential treatment strategy, using personalized, modular cognitive‐behavioral therapy (mCBT) to augment SSRI medication.
THE MYOTOMES L2 — S2 IN MAN

Statements in the literature with respect to the segmental innervation of the muscles of the lower extremity vary considerably. Whether this variation is due t o differences from person to person or t o the experimental method is difficult to decide. It seemed of interest, therefore, to contribute to this problem by stimulating anterior roots electrically and recording action potentials from the different muscles.
Searching for Evidence of Long-Run PPP from a Post Bretton Woods Panel: Separating the Wheat from the Chaff

This paper reexamines the issue of long-run PPP using multiple panel tests in the framework of confirmatory analysis. Application of six panel tests under competing null hypotheses to the real exchange rates of 21 industrial countries yields seemingly contradictory evidence on the parity during the post-Bretton Woods period. Regardless of numeraire currency, four I(1) panel tests unanimously reject the null hypothesis in favor of long-run PPP, whereas two I(0) panel tests lend little support to the parity at conventional significance levels. Confirmatory analysis suggests that this puzzling result can be explained either by nonlinear dynamics of the real exchange rates or by a mixture of I(0) and I(1) series in the panel. Monte Carlo experiments indicate that potential mix of I(0) and I(1) series is more relevant to the empirical finding. The use a sequential classification method sorts out six real exchange rates which exhibit most persistent deviations from long-run equilibrium. Systematic behavior of these series can be characterized better by country specific factors than by observable macroeconomic variables.
Growth response to dietary penicillin of germ-free chicks and of chicks with a defined intestinal flora

77 higher on the 18th and 20th days of incubation than those obtained with 0. malhamensis. Mikata (1953) also used E. gracilis to measure vitamin B,, in the developing hen’s egg, but did not observe any increase in total vitamin B,, activity during 20 days’ incubation. His values for the vitamin in fresh eggs (0-09-0*14pg) were considerably lower than ours, but, as with the results of Fischer et al., this difference could perhaps be explained by the absence of cyanide and by other differences in the extraction procedure. Added cyanocobalamin was recovered quantitatively from fresh eggs in the E. gracilis test. Moreover, the value for fresh eggs obtained with E. gracilis was essentially the same as that obtained with 0. malhamensis, which suggests that the higher results with E. gracilis for incubated eggs were due to a substance formed during the development of the embryo and having growth activity for E. gracilis but not for 0. malhamensis. This growth factor is not one of the vitamin B,, analogues, since chromatography showed only cyanocobalamin to be present in extracts of fresh or incubated eggs. The reason for the absence from these chromatograms of a substance, other than cyanocobalamin, with growth-promoting activity for E. gracilis may be that the method of preparing the extracts for chromatography had not extracted the E. gracilis growth factor. Another possibility is that the factor stimulates the growth of E. gracilis only in the presence of vitamin B,, and not in its absence. A third possibility is that the factor is destroyed during the extraction and chromatography. In this respect it might resemble the Crithidia fasciculata factor, which is labile to acid, loses its activity on paper chromatography and is not one of the vitamin B,, analogues, although it replaces vitamin B,, for E. gracilis and Escherichia coli but is inactive for 0. malhamensis (Seaman & Sanders, 1957). It would seem that E. gracilis measures, in addition to vitamin B,,, a substance formed during the development of the embryo. In both laboratories the results with 0. malhamensis, which measures vitamin B,, specifically, confirm that there is no increase in the vitamin B,, content of hen’s eggs during incubation.
Task allocation for mobile cloud computing: State-of-the-art and open challenges

For the last decade, researchers are showing interest in mobile cloud computing (MCC) for its promising potentiality. It combines cloud computing and mobile computing providing better quality of service to user with mobile device. Resource famished applications can now be executed on mobile devices by offloading the task on cloud. Major research areas in MCC are how, where and when to offload a task from mobile devices to cloud. Servers have to be selected very carefully to offload a task to ensure users' enhanced quality of experience which becomes more complex due to different limitations of wireless networks (i.e., network inconsistency, collision, etc.). In this paper, the existing mechanisms for task allocation are discussed in detail and a comparison among these is provided based on criteria such as execution location, users' mobility, server load, etc. Finally, open research challenges are identified to help the researchers to find the new research directions in this field.
PERCEIVED DISPARITY REFINEMENT IN VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS

PERCEIVED DISPARITY REFINEMENT IN VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS Ufuk Çelikcan M.S. in Computer Engineering Advisor: Prof. Dr. Uğur Güdükbay Co-advisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tolga Çapın January, 2015 In recent years, significant progress has been made on controlling the perceived depth range in post-production pipeline. On the other hand, different from offline production, in a virtual environment with a mobile camera, there remains a need to keep the perceived depth in the comfortable target range for the viewer. For instance, in a game environment where the stereoscopic output changes dynamically based on the user input, finding optimized stereoscopic camera parameters brings about a great challenge. Addressing such challenges of presenting a comfortable viewing setting, this work demonstrates several methods that are developed towards the goal of providing better stereo 3D experience in virtual environments. The first part presents an approach for controlling the two stereo camera parameters, camera convergence distance and interaxial separation, in interactive 3D environments in a way that specifically addresses the interplay of binocular depth perception and saliency of scene contents. The proposed Dynamic AttentionAware Disparity Control (DADC) method produces depth-rich stereo rendering that improves viewer comfort through joint optimization of stereo parameters. While constructing the optimization model, the importance of scene elements is considered, as well as their distance to the camera and the locus of attention on the display. The method also optimizes the depth effect of a given scene by considering the individual user’s stereoscopic disparity range and comfortable viewing experience by controlling accommodation/convergence conflict. The method is validated in a formal user study that also reveals the advantages, such as superior quality and practical relevance, of considering the presented method.
Incision Activity of Human Apurinic Endonuclease (Ape) at Abasic Site Analogs in DNA (*)

The major apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease of human cells, the Ape protein, incises DNA adjacent to abasic sites to initiate DNA repair and counteract the cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of AP sites. Here we address the determinants of Ape AP endonuclease activity using duplex DNA substrates that contain synthetic analogs of AP sites: tetrahydrofuranyl (F), propanediol (P), ethanediol (E), or 2-(aminobutyl)-1,3-propanediol (Q). The last of these, a branched abasic structure, was a poor substrate for which Ape had k > 1000-fold lower than for F. In contrast, the specificity constant (k/K) for E or P of Ape purified from HeLa cells was only 5-8-fold lower than for F. Positioning a phosphorothioate ester immediately 5′ to F inhibited Ape incision activity 20-fold (Rp isomer) or > 10,000-fold (Sp isomer). Although Ape did not have detectable endonuclease activity toward single-stranded substrates or unmodified double-stranded DNA, the enzyme displayed a low level of 3′-exonuclease activity for duplex DNA (<0.03% of its AP endonuclease activity), which was influenced by the reaction conditions. The base positioned opposite F did not dramatically affect the cleavage efficiency of Ape, but an F:F arrangement was cleaved at approximately one-third of the efficiency of F:C. A 3′-mismatch diminished P and E cleavage only slightly and F not at all. A 5′-mismatch reduced the Ape cleavage rate 4-10-fold for F and 100-fold for P and E. A series of substrates with F at different positions along the oligonucleotide showed that Ape requires ≥4 base pairs 5′ to the abasic site and ≥3 base pairs on the 3′-side. The implications of these results for substrate recognition by Ape are discussed.
Transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic states at the murine AxinFu allele occurs after maternal and paternal transmission

Phenotypic variation that cannot be explained by genetic or environmental heterogeneity has intrigued geneticists for decades. The molecular basis of this phenomenon, however, is largely a mystery. Axin-fused (AxinFu), first identified in 1937, is a classic example of a mammalian allele displaying extremely variable expression states. Here we demonstrate that the presence or absence of its characteristic phenotype, a kinked tail, correlates with differential DNA methylation at a retrotransposon within AxinFu and identify mutant transcripts arising adjacent to the retrotransposon LTR that are likely to be causative of the phenotype. Furthermore, the epigenetic state at AxinFu can be inherited transgenerationally after both maternal and paternal transmission. This is in contrast to epigenetic inheritance at the murine agouti-viable yellow (Avy) allele, which occurs through the female only. Unlike the egg, the sperm contributes very little (if any) cytoplasm to the zygote, and therefore paternal inheritance at AxinFu argues against the possibility that the effects are due to cytoplasmic or metabolic influences. Consistent with the idea of transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic marks, we find that the methylation state of AxinFu in mature sperm reflects the methylation state of the allele in the somatic tissue of the animal, suggesting that it does not undergo epigenetic reprogramming during gametogenesis. Finally, we show that epigenetic inheritance is influenced by strain background. These findings enable us to propose a model for transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in mammals.
Conserved hepatitis C virus sequences are highly immunogenic for CD4+ T cells: Implications for vaccine development

The HLA class II–restricted T‐cell response to hepatitis C virus (HCV) antigens is believed to influence the final outcome of hepatitis C, because it is vigorous in patients who recover from acute hepatitis C, but it is weak in those who develop a chronic infection. For this reason, exogenous stimulation of T‐cell responses in chronic HCV infection may represent a strategy to cure patients with chronic hepatitis C by approximating the vigor of their T‐cell reactivity to that of patients who succeed in recovering from hepatitis. It may also be a preventive approach to avoid spread of the virus by facilitating the development of a vigorous protective response at the very early stages of infection. T‐cell–based vaccines composed of immunodominant, promiscuous, and conserved T‐cell epitopes may represent a powerful tool to achieve optimal stimulation of the T‐cell reactivity. To identify HLA class II–restricted T‐cell epitopes useful for this purpose, 22 subjects with acute HCV infection were studied and followed for an average time of 29 months. Eight of them recovered from hepatitis, and 14 developed a chronic infection. Overlapping 20‐mer peptides covering the entire core and NS4 antigens and a panel of peptides representing highly conserved regions of core, NS3, NS4, and NS5 were used. By direct peripheral blood T‐cell stimulation and by fine‐specificity analysis of HCV‐specific T‐cell lines and clones, highly immunogenic T‐cell epitopes were identified within core, NS3, and NS4. All these epitopes are immunodominant and highly conserved among the known HCV isolates. Moreover, they are promiscuous, because they can be presented to T cells by different HLA class II molecules. Immunodominance, sequence conservation, and promiscuity make these epitopes ideal components of preventive or therapeutic T‐cell–based vaccines against HCV.
A Unified Shape-From-Shading Approach for 3D Surface Reconstruction Using Fast Eikonal Solvers

Object shape reconstruction from images has been an active topic in computer vision. Shape-from-shading (SFS) is an important approach for inferring 3D surface from a single shading image. In this paper, we present a unified SFS approach for surfaces of various reflectance properties using fast eikonal solvers. The whole approach consists of three main components: a unified SFS model, a unified eikonal-type partial differential image irradiance (PDII) equation, and fast eikonal solvers for the PDII equation. The first component is designed to address different reflectance properties including diffuse, specular, and hybrid reflections in the imaging process of the camera. The second component is meant to derive the PDII equation under an orthographic camera projection and a single distant point light source whose direction is the same as the camera. Finally, the last component is targeted at solving the resultant PDII equation by using fast eikonal solvers. It comprises two Godunov-based schemes with fast sweeping method that can handle the eikonal-type PDII equation. Experiments on several synthetic and real images demonstrate that each type of the surfaces can be effectively reconstructed with more accurate results and less CPU running time.
Sphere‐forming cells from peripheral cornea demonstrate polarity and directed cell migration

Sphere‐forming cells from peripheral cornea represent a potential source of progenitor cells for treatment of corneal degenerative diseases. Control of cellular repopulation on transplantable substrates is important to prevent uncontrolled growth in unfavourable directions. The coordination of cellular outgrowth may be in response to environmental cues and/or cellular signals from other spheres. To investigate this, cell migration patterns were observed following placement of spheres on an adhesive surface. Human peripheral corneal cells were maintained using a sphere‐forming assay and their behaviour on collagen substrate recorded by time‐lapse imaging. Immunocytochemistry and proliferation assays were used to detect protein expression and cell division. Proliferation assays showed that spheres formed by a combination of cell division and aggregation. Cell division continued within spheres for up to 4 months and was up‐regulated when exposed to differentiation medium and collagen substrate. The spheres expressed both epithelial and stromal cell markers. When exposed to collagen; (1) 25% of the spheres showed spontaneous polarised outgrowth. (2) One sphere initially showed polarised outgrowth followed by collective migration with discrete morphological changes to form leading and trailing compartments. (3) A sphere which did not show polarised outgrowth was also capable of collective migration using cell protrusion and retraction. (4) Active recruitment of cells into spheres was observed. (5) Placement of spheres in close proximity led to production of a cell exclusion area adjacent to spheres. Thus peripheral corneal cell spheres are dynamic entities capable of developing polarity and modifying migration in response to their environment.
Enhanced Anti-B-Cell Tumor Effects With Anti-CD20 Superantibody

The data presented here describe a novel approach to enhance the use of antibodies in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Using a peptide copied from a rare self-binding (autophilic) antibody structure, the authors were able to convert by chemical cross-linking an anti-CD20 antibody to a self-binding (autophilic) structure. The autophilic antibody exhibited better binding to target tumor cells than the naked antibody. By the mechanism of hyper-cross-linking a B-cell receptor (CD20) on tumor cells, the rate of apoptosis is significantly increased, leading to strong inhibition of tumor growth in culture. The demonstration of enhanced binding and apoptosis targeting the CD20 B-cell marker serves as an example for developing second-generation therapeutic antibodies against non-Hodgkin lymphoma.