Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Can the Design of CEO Rewards Be Relied upon to Overcome the Agency Problem Created by the Separation of Ownership and Control?

The structure and design of executive compensation arrangements has become a very sensitive and diverse topic in recent years. The pressure to get executive pay right is attracting great attention higher than before especially in the UK, due to the current political environment triggered by the Brexit (Lang, 2016). This article is the brief analysis on the CEO rewards to overcome the agency problem created by the separation of ownership and control. The analysis carries forward through the agency theory, human theory and expectancy theory. Additionally, this article answering the agency problem due to the separation of ownership and control. After the extensive analysis identified in this journal, even though the design of executive remuneration is a partial remedy to this menace, it is apparent that the performance-related pay is considered as the solution to mitigate the principal-agency conflicts.Additionally, an extra layer monitoring at executive board level may ensure the goal congruence of a firm.
Dosage dependence of maternal contribution to somatic cell division in Drosophila melanogaster.

Most mitotic mutants in Drosophila do not lead to lethality in early development despite the highly abnormal chromosome behaviour that they elicit. This has been explained as being the effect of maternally provided wild-type products. We have tested this hypothesis by studying cuticular clones derived from cells in which there has been loss of a marked Y chromosome due to chromosome nondisjunction in individuals homozygous for the mutation abnormal spindle who are progeny of heterozygous mothers. We have found that the size and frequency of these clones are higher than in control flies. Furthermore, by analysing flies whose female parents have different doses of the asp+ gene, we have found that there is a correlation between the amount of maternally contributed asp+ product and the frequency and size of cuticular clones. We have also estimated the time in development when the first mitotic mistakes take place, i.e. the time when maternal products are no longer sufficient to carry out normal cell division.
“ We ’ ve Already Hired A Black Girl ” : Empirical Evidence of Quotas in the Fashion Industry ∗

This paper provides empirical evidence of race-based hiring quotas in a competitive labor market. Using novel data on the hiring of fashion models for high-end runway shows, I find that Black and Asian models are less likely to be hired if a designer retains more models of the same race from previous shows. The substitution effect between minority newcomers and incumbents of the same race is larger than the substitution effect between a random newcomer and incumbent or a newcomer and incumbent who are White. The substitution effect for minority models is also larger than the same effect derived from a simulation of race-blind hiring. The credentials of Black and Asian newcomers improve with the increase in the percentage of rehired models of the same race in a show. The findings suggest that designers choose a fixed quantity of minority models per show and become more selective of minority newcomers when many models of the same race are retained from previous shows. JEL Codes: J15, J7, M51.
Empirical Insights on the Trading Behavior of the UK Leveraged ETFs

Objective . This paper focuses on UK leveraged Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) and examines their ability to meet their daily targets, the impact of volatility on targets’ achievement, and their pricing efficiency. Methodology . Standard regression analysis is used to evaluate performance, tracking efficiency and persistence in tracking failures, and the relationship between tracking efficiency and market volatility. Moreover, the pricing efficiency is examined along with the persistence in premium and the influence of market factors on premium. Findings . Results reveal that ETFs achieve their targets but occasionally tracking error can be significant. Furthermore, increases in market volatility relate to higher and lower tracking errors for bull and bear ETFs respectively. Moreover, average premiums testify a sufficient fit between trading prices and net asset values whereas the premiums are eliminated sharply. Moreover, the pricing efficiency of bear ETFs is positively associated with benchmark returns. The opposite is the case for bull ETFs. Finally, the pricing deviations are positively related to benchmarks’ volatility. Limitations . A possible limitation is that our sample includes just nine bear and sixteen bull ETFs even though more than 90 leveraged ETFs are traded on the UK market and our results may not be indicative of the entire UK leveraged ETF market. However, we had to use a small sample of ETFs because the trading activity of the rest ETFs has been very poor and, consequently, our analysis could have been biased by a thin trading effect. Originality/Value . This is the first study to examine the UK market of leveraged ETFs.
Single‐Molecule FRET Reveals Structural Heterogeneity of SDS‐Bound α‐Synuclein

SDS‐concentration‐dependent α‐synuclein structure: Upon interaction with SDS, αSyn folds into a structure with two antiparallel α‐helices. We show from single‐molecule FRET that αSynn adopts this conformation in an all‐or‐none fashion below the SDS critical micelle concentration. Population of the folded species is directly coupled to an increase in α‐helix content; this suggests that the entire N terminus is involved in the transaction.
Genetic variation in the serotonin transporter modulates neural system‐wide response to fearful faces

A distributed, serotonergically innervated neural system comprising extrastriate cortex, amygdala and ventral prefrontal cortex is critical for identification of socially relevant emotive stimuli. The extent to which a genetic variation of serotonin transporter gene 5‐HTTLPR impacts functional connectivity between the amygdala and the other components of this neural system remains little examined. In our study, neural activity was measured using event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging in 29 right‐handed, white Caucasian healthy subjects as they viewed mild or prototypical fearful and neutral facial expressions. 5‐HTTLPR genotype was classified as homozygous for the short allele (S/S), homozygous for the long allele (L/L) or heterozygous (S/L). S/S showed greater activity than L/L within right fusiform gyrus (FG) to prototypically fearful faces. To these fearful faces, S/S more than other genotype subgroups showed significantly greater positive functional connectivity between right amygdala and FG and between right FG and right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC). There was a positive association between measure of psychoticism and degree of functional connectivity between right FG and right VLPFC in response to prototypically fearful faces. Our data are the first to show that genotypic variation in 5‐HTTLPR modulates both the amplitude within and the functional connectivity between different components of the visual object‐processing neural system to emotionally salient stimuli. These effects may underlie the vulnerability to mood and anxiety disorders potentially triggered by socially salient, emotional cues in individuals with the S allele of 5‐HTTLPR.
Digital Archiving in Cultural Heritage Preservation

This project presents a digitizing process of 3D laser scanner for culture heritage. The experimental records are mainly for systematic 3D model reconstruction and digital archiving of historical scenes. The procedures of digital heritage are 3D data acquisition, 3D modelling and web-based representation which demonstrate the reconstructed results and the application of virtual scene.
On the Computability of Reachable and Invariant Sets

The computation of reachable and invariant sets of nonlinear dynamic and control systems are important problems of systems theory. In this paper we consider the computability of these sets using Turing machines to perform approximate computations. We use Weihrauch’s type-two theory of effectivity for computable analysis and topology, which provides a natural setting for performing computations on sets and maps. The main results are that the reachable set is lower-semicomputable, but upper-semicomputable only if it equals the chain-reachable set, whereas invariant sets are upper-semicomputable.
Production, purification and characterization of recombinant yeast processing alpha 1,2-mannosidase.

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae processing alpha 1,2-mannosidase, which trims Man9GlcNAc to Man8GlcNAc, has a lumenally oriented catalytic domain and an N-terminal transmembrane domain. To obtain sufficient protein to study the structure and mechanism of action of this enzyme, the sequence encoding the catalytic domain was inserted downstream of the alpha-factor promoter and signal peptide in a high-copy vector for expression in S. cerevisiae as a secreted protein. Using oligosaccharide substrate (Glc1Man9GlcNAc or Man9GlcNAc), the medium of cells transformed with this plasmid showed an increase in alpha-mannosidase activity that was directly related to the increase in cell density, whereas no alpha-mannosidase activity was detected in cells transformed with vector alone. SDS-PAGE of the medium showed the presence of a doublet of 63 and 60 kDa that was revealed by Coomassie Blue staining and by Western blotting with antibodies to the endogenous solubilized alpha-mannosidase. The recombinant alpha-mannosidase was present in the medium at a level of approximately 1 mg/l and was purified in a single step by chromatography on S-Sepharose. High-resolution 1H NMR analysis of the Man8GlcNAc formed from Man9GlcNAc in the presence of the recombinant enzyme proved that it retained its specificity and removed only one specific alpha 1,2-mannose residue of the alpha 1,3 branch. Endoglycosidase H treatment decreased the molecular mass of both components of the doublet by approximately 5 kDa, showing that the heterogeneity is not due to differential N-glycosylation. EDTA inhibited the activity of the recombinant enzyme, but the inhibition was reversed by the addition of divalent cations. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Arguments about Values

Arguments are more or less persuasive depending on the values their outcomes promote and demote. This idea, closely related to Perelman’s ideas work on argumentation, has been formally modeled by Bench-Capon in his well-known Value-Based Argumentation Frameworks, based on Dung’s abstract argumentation. In this paper, the question is addressed how arguments about which values are promoted and demoted can be modeled. A proposal is made to model Value-Based Argumentation Frameworks in DefLog, a language that extends Dung’s abstract argumentation, while keeping central definitions such as preferred and stable extensions. Since DefLog allows the modeling of support of support, attack of support, support of attack, and attack of attack, it becomes possible to model arguments about whether a value is promoted or demoted in case an argument is accepted.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF DIVIDEND POLICY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF CORPORATE FIRMS IN NIGERIA

During the last fifteen years, dividend policy experts have enriched their empirical investigations with information that take into account parameters identified as variables that influence the dividend policy of firms in Nigeria. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the effect of dividend policy on corporate performance in Nigeria, using time series data generated from secondary sources through the publications of Nigeria Stock Exchange and financial statements of the companies under review. The study also employed OLS multiple regression analytical techniques to establish the relationships among the variables of dividend policy and the corporate performance of firms in Nigeria. The findings reveal that dividend policy in Nigeria still remains a function of strong dynamic variables such as return on investment(ROI) , earnings per share(EPS)and dividend per share (DPS). An evolving knowledge of the true determinants of dividend policy as a necessary prerequisite should be a long term solution to the inconclusive nature of the debate on the relevance of dividend policy to corporate performance in Nigeria. Keywords: dividend policy, listed firms, performance variables, OLS regression
Serum nm23-H1 Protein as a Prognostic Factor in Hematological Malignancies

A nondifferentiating mouse myeloid leukemia cell line produces differentiation-inhibiting factors. One of these factors was purified as a homologue of nm23. The nm23 gene was isolated as a metastasis-suppressor gene that exhibits low expression in high-level metastatic cancer cells. The nm23 gene was overexpressed in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells and a higher level of nm23-H1 expression was correlated with a poor prognosis in AML. Multivariate analysis of putative prognostic factors revealed that elevated nm23-H1 mRNA levels significantly contributed to the prognosis of patients with AML. The overexpression of nm23-H1 was also observed in various hematological neoplasms. To use nm23 overexpression to determine the prognosis for lymphoma, we established an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique to determine the serum level of nm23-H1 protein. This assay is far simpler than that used to determine nm23 mRNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Using this system, we measured nm23-H1 protein levels in many hematological malignancies. Serum nm23-H1 levels were significantly higher in patients with all of the hematological neoplasms tested (AML, chronic myelogenous leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, (ALL) myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and malignant lymphomas) than in normal controls. An elevated serum nm23-H1 protein concentration predicted a poor outcome for AML and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Especially in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), serum nm23-H1 protein levels were an important prognostic factor in planning an appropriate treatment strategy for DLBCL. The serum nm23-H1protein levels probably depend on the total mass of malignant cells overexpressing nm23-H1.
Information and communication technologies for knowledge management in academic libraries in Nigeria and South Africa

Background: Presently, libraries, especially academic libraries, have increasingly used information and communication technologies (ICTs) to automate their core functions in order to implement efficient and effective library operations and services. This now requires library and information professionals as knowledge workers to intensify managing both explicit and tacit knowledge for the organisational growth of the libraries. Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the use of ICT facilities that support knowledge management (KM) in academic libraries in Nigeria and South Africa. Methods: Both quantitative through survey and structured questionnaires and qualitative by content analysis and interview research methodologies were applied in the initial study. The qualitative approach of content analysis was applied to literature review, and key informants were also interviewed. One hundred and thirty-two professional librarians and six key informants across the sampled academic libraries in the two countries were targeted for information. The study sampled only six academic libraries, three in each country, which renders generalisation difficult. This article largely focuses on quantitative aspects of the study in the reported findings. Results: Availability and accessibility of ICTs for KM among the sampled libraries were not uniform, even within one country. Infrastructural support has affected some of the university libraries to a great extent. The knowledge and skills for using ICT for KM were largely adequate, but varied within the libraries and librarians as well. The challenges facing the libraries border on inadequate infrastructure and professional staff, but irrespective of the challenges faced, libraries have devised strategies for coping and rendering services. The study has provided new information relating to the use of ICT facilities and services for KM in academic libraries that calls for rigorous continuing education for re-skilling the librarians. The changing user behaviour also calls for major attention. Government support for academic libraries with policy and funding is still crucial. Conclusion and recommendation: The study concludes that because ICTs have had robust histories as used to support information services, both staff and students’ information needs to be met in a variety of ways in academic libraries. This would help to foster and improve the understanding of how librarians manage the organisation in present-day library operations. We recommend that staff development be intensified to enable how librarians could cope with changes and new technologies for modern information services being encouraged and acquired. This article provides a unique long-term survey on the use of ICT facilities and services, strategy and structure in an academic and/or university library services.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION INTER CARRIER INTERFERENCE REDUCTION USING SELF CANCELLATION IN OFDM

MIMO OFDM is a multicarrier modulation techniques in which a high rate bit stream is split into N parallel bitstream of inferior rate and each of these are modulated using one of N orthogonal sub-carriers. OFDM is robust to multipaths evaporation and delay because it has high data transmission capability with high bandwidth efficiency that’s why it has recently been functional in wireless communication systems. It is highly sensitive to frequency offset introduced by the wireless channels and causes loss of orthogonality and amplitude reduction of OFDM signal and lead to Inter Carrier Interference (ICI). There are two deleterious effects caused by frequency offset one is the reduction of signal amplitude in the output of the filters matched to each of the carriers and the second is introduction of ICI from the other carriers a main problem in M I M O OFDM is its susceptibility to frequency offset errors due to which the orthogonality is destroyed that result in that Inter carrier Interference (ICI). ICI causes power leakage among subcarriers thus degrading the system act. Here in this paper, ICI cancellation structure in MIMO-OFDM which performs better than standard OFDM system. Later we proposed Self cancellation method in MIMO OFDM to enhance the performance of the system by reducing the BER for different values of signals to noise fraction (SNR).
Cumulative causation and selectivity in labour market oriented migration caused by imperfect information.

This paper is concerned with the implications of job search models for migration. In contrast to earlier models, the model described here does not assume perfect information about the wage offer distribution. "In this model information about the wage offer distribution is imperfect and accumulated through the search process. When based on this search model, the migration model is largely enriched and also more realistic. Strategies, which are suboptimal or even absurd with perfect information about the wage offer distribution, such as purchase of information, can be preferable in a migration model, when imperfect information is assumed. " The author suggests that the model can explain many phenomena utilized in the argumentation of polarization theory. Consideration is also given to selectivity with respect to age, educational status, and risk preference, as well as the cumulative effects caused by past migration flows and the size of regions. (summary in FRE, GER)
A REVIEW OF DATA GOVERNANCE MATURITY LEVEL IN HIGHER EDUCATION

Data governance in organization is unique. Every organization has a form of data governance in accordance with their respective needs. In some literature most of the industry, build data governance program based on the needs of data quality in achieving the company's goals. Some research have shown that data quality management is the foundation of data governance development in the industry. Although the data quality management is an important foundation, but in the development of the industry show the form of data governance that vary according to the needs and interests of the company. To see the effectiveness that data governance has been implemented well in an organization, it is needed a measurement mechanism of maturity level. However, to determine whether the measurements were carried out in accordance with the organization's goals, it will be require a clear base in determining the dimensions of the measurement. This research tried to describe the dimensions of which will be used during the activity measurement data governance maturity level within an organization. The measurement model used as a reference is the IBM data governance and DAMA International.
FGFs and BMP4 induce both Msx1-independent and Msx1-dependent signaling pathways in early tooth development.

During early tooth development, multiple signaling molecules are expressed in the dental lamina epithelium and induce the dental mesenchyme. One signal, BMP4, has been shown to induce morphologic changes in dental mesenchyme and mesenchymal gene expression via Msx1, but BMP4 cannot substitute for all the inductive functions of the dental epithelium. To investigate the role of FGFs during early tooth development, we examined the expression of epithelial and mesenchymal Fgfs in wild-type and Msx1 mutant tooth germs and tested the ability of FGFs to induce Fgf3 and Bmp4 expression in wild-type and Msx1 mutant dental mesenchymal explants. Fgf8 expression is preserved in Msx1 mutant epithelium while that of Fgf3 is not detected in Msx1 mutant dental mesenchyme. Moreover, dental epithelium as well as beads soaked in FGF1, FGF2 or FGF8 induce Fgf3 expression in dental mesenchyme in an Msx1-dependent manner. These results indicate that, like BMP4, FGF8 constitutes an epithelial inductive signal capable of inducing the expression of downstream signaling molecules in dental mesenchyme via Msx1. However, the BMP4 and FGF8 signaling pathways are distinct. BMP4 cannot induce Fgf3 nor can FGFs induce Bmp4 expression in dental mesenchyme, even though both signaling molecules can induce Msx1 and Msx1 is necessary for Fgf3 and Bmp4 expression in dental mesenchyme. In addition, we have investigated the effects of FGFs and BMP4 on the distal-less homeobox genes Dlx1 and Dlx2 and we have clarified the relationship between Msx and Dlx gene function in the developing tooth. Dlx1,Dlx2 double mutants exhibit a lamina stage arrest in maxillary molar tooth development (Thomas B. L., Tucker A. S., Qiu M. , Ferguson C. A., Hardcastle Z., Rubenstein J. L. R. and Sharpe P. T. (1997) Development 124, 4811-4818). Although the maintenance of molar mesenchymal Dlx2 expression at the bud stage is Msx1-dependent, both the maintenance of Dlx1 expression and the initial activation of mesenchymal Dlx1 and Dlx2 expression during the lamina stage are not. Moreover, in contrast to the tooth bud stage arrest observed in Msx1 mutants, Msx1,Msx2 double mutants exhibit an earlier phenotype closely resembling the lamina stage arrest observed in Dlx1,Dlx2 double mutants. These results are consistent with functional redundancy between Msx1 and Msx2 in dental mesenchyme and support a model whereby Msx and Dlx genes function in parallel within the dental mesenchyme during tooth initiation. Indeed, as predicted by such a model, BMP4 and FGF8, epithelial signals that induce differential Msx1 and Msx2 expression in dental mesenchyme, also differentially induce Dlx1 and Dlx2 expression, and do so in an Msx1-independent manner. These results integrate Dlx1, Dlx2 and Fgf3 and Fgf8 into the odontogenic regulatory hierarchy along with Msx1, Msx2 and Bmp4, and provide a basis for interpreting tooth induction in terms of transcription factors which, individually, are necessary but not sufficient for the expression of downstream signals and therefore must act in specific combinations.