Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gas-Phase Ion Chemistry of GeH4/B2H6 Mixtures

The gas phase ion-molecule reactions in positively and negatively ionized germane/diborane mixtures have been studied by ion trap mass spectrometry. Reaction sequences and rate constants for the most interesting processes have been determined. In positive ionization, formation of Ge-B bonds exclusively occurs through condensation reactions of B n H m + ions with germane, followed by H2 or BH3 loss. No reactions of ions from germane with B2H6 were observed under the experimental conditions used here. In negative ionization, the Ge n H m (n = 1, 2) ion families react with diborane to yield the Ge n B p H q -(p = 1, 2) ions, again via dehydrogenation and BH3 loss, while diborane anions proved to be unreactive. In both positive and negative ionization, Ge-B ions reach appreciable abundances. The present results afford fundamental information about the intrinsic reactivity of gas-phase ions and provide valuable indications about the first nucleation steps ultimately leading to amorphous Ge and B-doped semiconductor materials by chemical vapor deposition methods.
Beperminogene perplasmid for the treatment of critical limb ischemia

Therapeutic angiogenesis for the treatment of ischemic disease can be attained through the delivery of recombinant growth factor proteins, through gene transfer or cell transplantation. Gene transfer associated with adenovirus or naked plasmid DNAs has been extensively studied in clinical trials. An investigational product, beperminogene perplasmid, is the naked plasmid DNA encoding the cDNA of human HGF, which has potent angiogenic activity. In several clinical trials, beperminogene perplasmid showed favorable safety and efficacy profile in the treatment of critical limb ischemia. This article reviews the results of pre-clinical and clinical studies of beperminogene perplasmid in the treatment of critical limb ischemia caused by peripheral arterial disease and Buerger’s disease.
ATP Signaling Is Crucial for Communication from Taste Buds to Gustatory Nerves

Taste receptor cells detect chemicals in the oral cavity and transmit this information to taste nerves, but the neurotransmitter(s) have not been identified. We report that adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) is the key neurotransmitter in this system. Genetic elimination of ionotropic purinergic receptors (P2X2 and P2X3) eliminates taste responses in the taste nerves, although the nerves remain responsive to touch, temperature, and menthol. Similarly, P2X-knockout mice show greatly reduced behavioral responses to sweeteners, glutamate, and bitter substances. Finally, stimulation of taste buds in vitro evokes release of ATP. Thus, ATP fulfils the criteria for a neurotransmitter linking taste buds to the nervous system.
Suppression of Cytochrome P450 3A4 Function by UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 through a Protein-Protein Interaction: Cooperative Roles of the Cytosolic Carboxyl-Terminal Domain and the Luminal Anchoring Region

There is a large discrepancy between the interindividual difference in the hepatic expression level of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and that of drug clearance mediated by this enzyme. However, the reason for this discrepancy remains largely unknown. Because CYP3A4 interacts with UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7) to alter its function, the reverse regulation is expected to modulate CYP3A4-catalyzed activity. To address this issue, we investigated whether protein-protein interaction between CYP3A4 and UGT2B7 modulates CYP3A4 function. For this purpose, we coexpressed CYP3A4, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, and UGT2B7 using a baculovirus-insect cell system. The activity of CYP3A4 was significantly suppressed by coexpressing UGT2B7, and this suppressive effect was lost when UGT2B7 was replaced with calnexin (CNX). These results strongly suggest that UGT2B7 negatively regulates CYP3A4 activity through a protein-protein interaction. To identify the UGT2B7 domain associated with CYP3A4 suppression we generated 12 mutants including chimeras with CNX. Mutations introduced into the UGT2B7 carboxyl-terminal transmembrane helix caused a loss of the suppressive effect on CYP3A4. Thus, this hydrophobic region is necessary for the suppression of CYP3A4 activity. Replacement of the hydrophilic end of UGT2B7 with that of CNX produced a similar suppressive effect as the native enzyme. The data using chimeric protein demonstrated that the internal membrane-anchoring region of UGT2B7 is also needed for the association with CYP3A4. These data suggest that 1) UGT2B7 suppresses CYP3A4 function, and 2) both hydrophobic domains located near the C terminus and within UGT2B7 are needed for interaction with CYP3A4.
Clinical experience with insulin detemir, biphasic insulin aspart and insulin aspart in people with type 2 diabetes: Results from the Andhra Pradesh cohort of the A1chieve study

Background: The A1chieve, a multicentric (28 countries), 24-week, non-interventional study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of insulin detemir, biphasic insulin aspart and insulin aspart in people with T2DM (n = 66,726) in routine clinical care across four continents. Materials and Methods: Data was collected at baseline, at 12 weeks and at 24 weeks. This short communication presents the results for patients enrolled from Andhra Pradesh, India. Results: A total of 3077 patients were enrolled in the study. Four different insulin analogue regimens were used in the study. Patients had started on or were switched to biphasic insulin aspart (n = 2452), insulin detemir (n = 308), insulin aspart (n = 226), basal insulin plus insulin aspart (n = 21) and other insulin combinations (n = 68). At baseline glycaemic control was poor for both insulin naïve (mean HbA1c: 8.9%) and insulin user (mean HbA1c: 9.2%) groups. After 24 weeks of treatment, both the groups showed improvement in HbA1c (insulin naïve: −1.2%, insulin users: −1.1%). SADRs including major hypoglycaemic events or episodes did not occur in any of the study patients. Conclusion: Starting or switching to insulin analogues was associated with improvement in glycaemic control with a low rate of hypoglycaemia.
Status and trends in AESA-based radar

Radar technology, predominantly in the area of defence applications, is in a continuous process of extending its present capabilities. Especially Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) radars, with their unprecedented degree of operational flexibility, are currently about to revolutionise the performance of air- and spaceborne, naval and ground radars. The current status of AESA radar and the trends in system and technology advances are discussed. Trends on system level will be the use of MIMO-architectures and shared antenna apertures.
GENETIC SCREENING FOR IDENTIFICATION OF SALMONELLA TYPHZMURIUM TN5 MUTANTS WITH FATTY ACIDS POTENTIAL HYPERSENSITIVITY TO SHORT-CHAIN

This study was conducted to test if transposon footprinting could be used to identifi transposon mutants of Salmonella typhimurium with growth dejiects in a media containing short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) as the test selective condition. High concentrations of SCFA are one of the characteristic conditions in the animal intestine that has been suggested to play a role in inhibiting colonization by nonindigenous bacterial pathogens. when the mutant pools containing 25 Tn5 mutants/pool were analyzed for transposon footprints before and afrer selection, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product could be identified that was present in an input pool, but not in a corresponding output pool. The results indicate that transposon footprinting can be used for negative screening of genes sensitive to SCFA in the S. typhimurium bacterial genome.
Abnormal myocyte Ca 2 1 homeostasis in rabbits with pacing-induced heart failure

ATSUSHI YAO,1 ZHI SU,1 AKIHIKO NONAKA,1 IRAM ZUBAIR,1 KENNETH W. SPITZER,2 JOHN H. B. BRIDGE,2 GERHARD MUELHEIMS,1 JOHN ROSS, JR.,3 AND WILLIAM H. BARRY1 1Division of Cardiology and 2Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132; and 3Cardiology Division, University of California, San Diego, California 92093
Hypothalamic Neuropeptide Y/Y1 Receptor Pathway Activated by a Reduction in Circulating Leptin, but Not by an Increase in Circulating Ghrelin, Contributes to Hyperphagia Associated with Triiodothyronine-Induced Thyrotoxicosis

Food intake is regulated by hypothalamic neuropeptides which respond to peripheral signals. Plasma ghrelin and leptin levels reflect peripheral energy balance and regulate hypothalamic neuropeptides such as neuropeptide Y (NPY), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), and orexins. Thyroid hormone stimulates food intake in humans and rodents. However, the mechanisms responsible for this stimulation have not been fully elucidated. To investigate the hyperphagic response to triiodothyronine (T3)-induced thyrotoxicosis, adult male rats were studied 7 days after daily intraperitoneal injections of T3 or vehicle. T3-treated rats were markedly hyperphagic. During this hyperphagia, plasma leptin levels were markedly decreased. However, the expression of the ghrelin gene in the stomach and the plasma ghrelin concentrations did not differ between the 2 groups. Hypothalamic NPY mRNA levels were significantly increased and associated with a marked decreased in both hypothalamic POMC and CART mRNA levels in the T3-treated rats. Hypothalamic MCH and orexin mRNA levels did not differ between the 2 groups. In addition, hyperphagia was partially reversed by intracerebroventricular administration of the NPY Y1 receptor antagonist BIBO3304. Therefore, the decreased plasma leptin levels could contribute to hyperphagia in T3-induced thyrotoxicosis. However, plasma ghrelin levels did not contribute to this hyperphagia.
Retrospective cohort study of 4591 Straumann implants in private practice setting, with up to 10-year follow-up. Part 1: multivariate survival analysis.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this retrospective, noninterventional, open cohort study is to report on the long-term survival of dental implants, in private practice representing the daily realities of implant treatment. The data are analyzed to discern statistical relationships between explanatory variables and implant failure. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 4591 Straumann implants were placed in 2060 patients between 1999 and 2012. Patients were evaluated after 2-3 months, 1, 3, 5, and 7 years and, in some cases, up to 10 years. The cumulative survival rate (CSR) was calculated according to the life table method and illustrated with Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Univariate analysis was performed to investigate the association between study variables and time to implant-failure. Variables with P -value < 0.15 were further selected for a multivariate analysis. Statistical methods which take into account the fact that some patients have more than one implant (therefore, dependency between implants within mouth) had been applied. RESULTS At the implant level, the cumulative survival rates at 3, 5, and 7 years were 99.3%, 99.0%, and 98.4%, respectively, and at the patient level, they were 98.6%, 97.7%, and 95.9%, respectively. After adjustment to possible confounders, the multivariate analysis identified a relationship between the following risk indicators for implant failure: implant location, length and design, timing of implantation, bone grafting procedures and gender. Tissue-Level implants (n = 3863) had a very high survival rate of 99% at 3 years, which was maintained over the entire study period. Bone-Level implants (n = 600) were as predictable with a survival rate of 99% up to 3 years, while Tapered Effect implants (n = 128) demonstrated a lower survival rate of 95% at 5 years. Short 6-mm implants in the mandibular posterior sites had a high survival rate of 100%, while in maxillary posterior positions a survival rate of only 87% was achieved. Patient factors such as smoking, autoimmune disease, and penicillin allergy were tending to associate with higher failure rates. CONCLUSION High long-term survival rates were observed for a large cohort of Straumann implants. Tissue- and Bone-Level implants had higher survival rates than Tapered Effect implants, and although short implants faired well in the mandibular posterior sites, they faired less well in the maxillary posterior sites. The study represents private practice insight into large-scale, long-term implant results.
Auto-Summarization: A Step Towards Unsupervised Learning of a Submodular Mixture

We introduce an approach that requires the speciﬁcation of only a handful of hyperparameters to determine a mixture of submodular functions for use in data science applications. Two techniques, applied in succession, are used to achieve this. The ﬁrst involves training an autoencoder neural network constrainedly so that the bottleneck features have the following characteristic: the larger a feature’s value, the more an input sample should have an automatically learnt property. This is analogous to bag of-words features, but where the “words” are learnt automatically. The second technique instantiates a mixture of submodular functions, each of which consists of a concave composed with a modular function comprised of the learnt neural network features. We introduce a mixture weight learning approach that does not (as is common) directly utilize supervised summary information. Instead, it optimizes a set of meta-objectives each of which corresponds to a likely necessary condition on what constitutes a good summarization objective. While hyperparameter optimization is often the bane of unsupervised methods, our approach reduces the learning of a summarization function (which most generally involves learning 2 n parameters) down to the problem of selecting only a handful of hyperparameters. Empirical results on three very diﬀerent modalities of data (i.e., image, text, and machine learning training data) show that our method produces functions that perform signiﬁcantly better than a variety of unsupervised baseline methods.
Percutaneous thermal ablation for primary hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Percutaneous thermal ablation using radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA) are both widely available curative treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite significant advances, it remains unclear which modality results in better outcomes. This meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) and observational studies was undertaken to compare the techniques in terms of effectiveness and safety.
A graph-theoretic approach to investigate structural and qualitative properties of systems: A survey

This article presents a survey of the current status of the research on structural and qualitative systems theory that has been conducted in the last few decades. This theory can be traced back to the work of Samuelson on comparative static analysis of a national economy. His problem was to find the direction of change in economic equilibrium induced by small changes in the exogenous variables of a system based solely on qualitative information such as the sign pattern of the parameters that specify the system. In the field of engineering, the work of Iri et al. on structural analysis of systems of equations and Lin's research on the structural controllability of dynamic systems were quite influential. Following these pioneering works, a variety of research has been carried out by mathematicians and engineers, as well as by economists. A few examples of problems are the structural solvability and decomposability of systems of equations, the structural characterization of Tinbergen's rule of economic policy, the structural controllability and decouplability of dynamic systems, and the sign-solvability of static systems. Using graph-theoretic terms with explanatory examples, this paper surveys the established results on the structural and qualitative analysis of systems in areas ranging from control theory to economics.
Passive dynamic turning in 3D biped locomotion: an extension to passive dynamic walking

Abstract Passive dynamic walking usually refers to a kind of walking where a biped walker is able to walk downhill, without any actuation or control, just due to the gravity. Although most of works done in this regard have concentrated on passive walking along a straight line, in this paper we extend this concept to a more general case of locomotion, i.e. turning or walking along curved path. We call the novel extension passive turning, and categorize it to two types of finite and infinite. We showed that the finite type is still applicable on a typical downhill or ramp, while the infinite type is only practical on a specific surface profile that we call it helical ramp. Furthermore, several stability and parameter analysis are also conducted to evaluate more aspects of this notion. We highlighted that surprisingly, the passive straight walking is actually a special case of passive turning, just with infinite radius of turn and less asymptotical stability. It should be noted that the present study is performed using a model of an arc-foot three-dimensional (3D) compass gait walker.
Treatment and Prevention of Bleeds in Haemophilia Patients with Inhibitors to Factor VIII/IX

The development of alloantibodies neutralising therapeutically administered factor (F) VIII/IX (inhibitors) is currently the most severe complication of the treatment of haemophilia. When persistent and at a high titre, inhibitors preclude the standard replacement treatment with FVIII/FIX concentrates, making patients’ management challenging. Indeed, the efficacy of bypassing agents, i.e., activated prothrombin complex concentrates (aPCC) and recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa), needed to overcome the haemostatic interference of the inhibitor, is not comparable to that of factor concentrates. In addition, the therapeutical response is unpredictable, with a relevant inter-individual and even intra-individual variability, and no laboratory assay is validated to monitor the efficacy and safety of the treatment. As a result, inhibitor patients have a worse joint status and quality of life compared to inhibitor-free subjects and the eradication of the inhibitor by immune tolerance induction is the preeminent therapeutic goal, particularly in children. However, over the last decades, treatment with bypassing agents has been optimised, allowing home treatment and the individualisation of regimens aimed at improving clinical outcomes. In this respect, a growing body of evidence supports the efficacy of prophylaxis with both bypassing agents in reducing bleeding rates and improving the quality of life, although the impact on long-term outcomes (in particular on preventing/reducing joint deterioration) is still unknown. This review offers an update on the current knowledge and practice of the use of bypassing agents in haemophiliacs with inhibitors, as well as on debated issues and unmet needs in this challenging setting.
Neuroimaging in the diagnosis of ADHD: where we are and where we are going.

INTRODUCTION Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent childhood psychiatric disorder. ADHD manifests with symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and/or impulsivity that pervade in the familiar, academic and social spheres. There are serious concerns about the widespread misdiagnosis of ADHD that, together with the fast growing use of neuroimaging techniques in ADHD research, have prompted an inquiry into the feasibility of an imaging test for the diagnosis of ADHD that could aid in clinical practice. AREAS COVERED This article consists of a brief review of the main neuroimaging research findings in ADHD and its contributions to the current understanding of the ADHD neurobiology, highlighting aspects that could eventually be utilized as a basis for diagnostic tests. The paper then outlines and applies a multiphase approach for developing diagnostic imaging tests in psychiatry to evaluate their prospects for the diagnosis of ADHD as well as evaluating a recently proposed diagnostic imaging test. EXPERT OPINION It appears obvious that a diagnostic imaging test for ADHD should be based on the state-of-the-art neuroimaging techniques now available from ADHD neurobiology research. However, the deriviation of an imaging diagnostic tool from neuroimaging research is not as straightforward as it may seem, with several prerequisites that must be met in advance. The author suggests that a consistent decreased volume of right caudate nucleus in ADHD samples could provide a good basis for any future diagnostic imaging test.
Management and clinical outcomes of endometrial hyperplasia during a 13-year period in Songklanagarind Hospital.

BACKGROUND Endometrial hyperplasia has long been considered a precursor of endometrial cancer but there is no consensus regarding its management. OBJECTIVE To identify management practices and evaluate outcomes of treatments for women diagnosed with endometrial hyperplasia (EH). MATERIAL AND METHOD The medical records of endometrial hyperplasia at Songklanagarind Hospital between January 2000 and December 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS Two hundred ninety seven patients were diagnosed with endometrial hyperplasia during the study period. Four patients who did not come for treatment and could not be contacted were excluded Therefore, 293 patients were included in the study. Simple hyperplasia (SH) was the most common diagnosis accounting for 79.2% of all cases, followed by complex hyperplasia (CH) 13.0%, complex atypical hyperplasia (CAH) 5.8%, and simple atypical hyperplasia (SAH) 2.0%. Seventy-eight percent (18/23) of the patients with atypical endometrial hyperplasia were treated by hysterectomy compared with 9.6% (26/270) of patients without atypia. Of the patients diagnosed with atypical EH, 30.4% (7/23) were associated with endometrial carcinoma. Overall, 6% (12/201) of the women who had initial non-hysterectomy management and had additional tissue taken to assess response, had persistent disease, and 1% (2/201) had progressive disease. Eleven patients (5.9%), who had an initial complete regression during the non-hysterectomy management, experienced a recurrence to EH and 2.1% (4/187) were found to have recurrence to endometrial cancer CONCLUSION The majority of patients with atypical hyperplasia were managed by initial hysterectomy. The high risk of concomitant endometrial cancer supports this choice of treatment. In the non-atypical EH, the initial non-hysterectomy management was common but EH recurrence and progression to endometrial cancer after the initial regression occurs often. Therefore, long-term follow-up should be advised.
The ergodic behaviour of quantum many-body systems

Synopsis By a pertubation technique adapted to the actual properties of gases and solids (and possibly also of liquids) we have established in previous papers that under suitable conditions a quantum many-body system approaches statistical equilibrium as far as those physical quantities are concerned which are diagonal in the unperturbed representation. This result is now extended to non-diagonal quantities of a type broad enough to include all observables of actual interest. A general discussion of the resulting ergodic theorem is given, and its implications for classical statistics are briefly analyzed. The paper ends with a discussion of a recent article by I n g r a h a m on the application of our methods to the case of a very small perturbation. The main arguments of I ng r a h a m are shown to be in error, and the inconsistencies he derives from them are thereby disproved.