Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Industry 4.0: complex, disruptive, but inevitable

Received: 25 January 2019 Abstract Accepted: 14 August 2019 Low cost manufacturing of quality products remains an essential part of present economy and technological advances made it possible. Advances and amalgamation of information technology bring the production systems at newer level. Industry 4.0, factory for future, smart factory, digital manufacturing, and industrial automation are the new buzz words of industry stalwarts and academicians. These new technological revolutions bound to change not only the complete manufacturing scenarios but many other sectors of the society. In this paper an attempt has been made to capture the essence of Industry 4.0 by redefining it in simple words, further its complex, disruptive nature and inevitability along with technologies backing it has been discussed. Its enabling role in manufacturing philosophies like Lean Manufacturing, and Flexible Manufacturing are also reported. At last the challenges its adoption and future research areas are proposed.
Need for an Integrated Deprived Area “Slum” Mapping System (IDEAMAPS) in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs)

Ninety percent of the people added to the planet over the next 30 years will live in African and Asian cities, and a large portion of these populations will reside in deprived neighborhoods defined by slum conditions, informal settlement, or inadequate housing. The four current approaches to neighborhood deprivation mapping are largely siloed, and each fall short of producing accurate, timely, and comparable maps that reflect local contexts. The first approach, classifying “slum households” in census and survey data, reflects household-level rather than neighborhood-level deprivation. The second approach, field-based mapping, can produce the most accurate and context-relevant maps for a given neighborhood, however it requires substantial resources, preventing up-scaling. The third and fourth approaches, human (visual) interpretation and machine classification of air or spaceborne imagery, both overemphasize informal settlements, and fail to represent key social characteristics of deprived areas such as lack of tenure, exposure to pollution, and lack of public services. We summarize common areas of understanding, and present a set of requirements and a framework to produce routine, accurate maps of deprived urban areas that can be used by local-to-international stakeholders for advocacy, planning, and decision-making across Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). We suggest that machine learning models be extended to incorporate social area-level covariates and regular contributions of up-to-date and context-relevant field-based classification of deprived urban areas.
Vietation changes over three decades on Santa Fe Island, Galhpagos, Ecuador

Changes in mortality and turnover of selected woody plants which dominate and characterise the arid vegetation of the island of Santa Fe, Galapagos, have been studied regularly during the period 1972–2003. After the eradication of feral goats from Santa Fe in 1971, the vegetation started to recover. The previously threatened small tree Scalesia helleri ssp. helleri recovered and some recruitment of the dominant trees Opuntia echios var. barringtonensis and Bursera graveolens took place. The dominant shrub species Cordia lutea, Encelia hispida and Lantana peduncularis increased in number, whereby the shrub layer is becoming denser and the structure of the predominant dry season deciduous steppe forest vegetation is changing. The strong impact of El Nino on the survival and recruitment of Opuntia indicates that recovery of Opuntia-dominated vegetation should be viewed on a time-scale of perhaps 150 years or more, in correspondence with the long life-expectancy of adult Opuntia individual. It is suggested that recruitment and survival of Opuntia may be hindered if future El Nino events are to occur with increased strength, and that this would alter the aspect of the Santa Fe vegetation.
Induction of initial cardiomyocyte α‐actin—smooth muscle α‐actin—in cultured avian pregastrula epiblast: A role for nodal and BMP antagonist

During early cardiogenesis, endoderm‐derived bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) induces the expression of both heart‐specific transcription factors and sarcomeric proteins. However, BMP antagonists do not inhibit the expression of the “initial heart α‐actin”—smooth muscle α‐actin (SMA)—which is first expressed in the anterior lateral mesoderm and then recruited into the initial myofibrils (Nakajima et al. [2002] Dev. Biol. 245:291–303). Therefore, mechanisms that regulate the expression of SMA in the heart‐forming mesoderm are not well‐understood. Regional explantation experiments using chick blastoderm showed that the posterolateral region of the epiblast differentiated into cardiomyocytes. Posterior epiblast cultured with or without the associated hypoblast showed that interaction between the tissues of these two germ layers at the early pregastrula stage (stages X–XI) was a prerequisite for the expression of SMA. Posterior epiblast that is cultured without hypoblast could also be induced to express SMA if TGF‐β or activin was added to the culture medium. However, neither neutralizing antibodies against TGF‐βs nor follistatin perturbed the expression of SMA in cultured blastoderm. Adding BMP to the cultured blastoderm inhibited the expression of SMA, whereas BMP antagonists, such as chordin, were able to induce the expression of SMA in cultured posterior epiblast. Furthermore, adding lefty‐1, a nodal antagonist, to the blastoderm inhibited the expression of SMA, and nodal plus BMP antagonist up‐regulated the expression of SMA in cultured posterior epiblast. Results indicate that the interaction between the tissues of the posterior epiblast and hypoblast is necessary to initiate the expression of SMA during early cardiogenesis and that nodal and BMP antagonist may play an important role in the regulation of SMA expression. Developmental Dynamics 233:1419–1429, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Braincase of the North American Therizinosaurian Nothronychus mckinleyi (Dinosauria, Theropoda)

ABSTRACT The description and comparison of the posterior braincase of Nothronychus mckinleyi (MSM P-2117) from the Upper Cretaceous (Turonian) Moreno Hills Formation of east-central New Mexico is updated. As a result of the enlarged basicranial pneumatic system, this region of the skeleton has undergone extensive rearrangement of the cranial nerves and blood vessels from the plesiomorphic theropod condition. Nothronychus and Falcarius possessed a number of avian-associated characters or avian-trending characters in the braincase and endocranium characteristic of highly derived coelurosaurs. These traits, in some cases hypothesized, include the posterior endocranium nearly filled with nervous tissue, a laterally directed enlarged optic tectum, an enlarged flocculus, an intracranial trigeminal ganglion, and the abducens canal entering the endocranium separate from the infundibulum with no associated cavernous sinus. The angle of the occipital plate with the basal plate of the basicranium appears to be perpendicular and, therefore, intermediate between more basal theropods and extant birds. However, the posterior endocranial cavity does not appear flexed, which would result in a posteroventral rotation of the endocranial cavity in Nothronychus, a character also seen in the Cretaceous hesperornithiform bird Enaliornis and in contrast to extant birds. Therefore, the evolution of the coelurosaurian brain and braincase was trending in an avian direction before the rest of the skeleton. The results presented here support the model that therizinosaurs possessed weak bite forces as compared to obligatory carnivorous theropods.
Spread through air spaces affects survival and recurrence of patients with clinical stage IA non-small cell lung cancer after wedge resection

Background Spread through air spaces (STAS) is reportedly a significant risk factor for recurrence and a prognostic factor in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially after sublobar resection. Because wedge resection (WR) is associated with insufficient margins, we hypothesized that STAS has a greater prognostic impact in patients who undergo WR compared with segmentectomy. We aimed to clarify the value of STAS as a prognostic factor in patients with NSCLC after WR. Methods We evaluated 217 patients with clinical stage IA NSCLC who underwent sublobar resection. The prognostic impact of STAS in these patients was compared between the WR (n=100) and segmentectomy (n=117) cases. Results STAS was present in 15.7% of the 217 patients. STAS was a significant prognostic factor for overall survival in univariate (P<0.001) and multivariate (P=0.003) analyses for the WR cases, but not the segmentectomy cases (P=0.399). STAS was also a significant prognostic factor for freedom from recurrence in univariate (P=0.010) and multivariate (P=0.024) analyses for the WR cases, but was only marginally significant for the segmentectomy cases (P=0.050, univariate analysis). The solid tumor size on chest computed tomography was significantly related to STAS. A cut-off solid tumor size of 1.7 cm for predicting the presence of STAS was determined by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Conclusions STAS was a significant prognostic factor for patients with clinical stage IA NSCLC who underwent WR, but not those who underwent segmentectomy.
DML-GANR: Deep Metric Learning With Generative Adversarial Network Regularization for High Spatial Resolution Remote Sensing Image Retrieval

With a small number of labeled samples for training, it can save considerable manpower and material resources, especially when the amount of high spatial resolution remote sensing images (HSR-RSIs) increases considerably. However, many deep models face the problem of overfitting when using a small number of labeled samples. This might degrade HSR-RSI retrieval accuracy. Aiming at obtaining more accurate HSR-RSI retrieval performance with small training samples, we develop a deep metric learning approach with generative adversarial network regularization (DML-GANR) for HSR-RSI retrieval. The DML-GANR starts from a high-level feature extraction (HFE) to extract high-level features, which includes convolutional layers and fully connected (FC) layers. Each of the FC layers is constructed by deep metric learning (DML) to maximize the interclass variations and minimize the intraclass variations. The generative adversarial network (GAN) is adopted to mitigate the overfitting problem and validate the qualities of extracted high-level features. DML-GANR is optimized through a customized approach, and the optimal parameters are obtained. The experimental results on the three data sets demonstrate the superior performance of DML-GANR over state-of-the-art techniques in HSR-RSI retrieval.
Volatile ester hydrolysis or formation during storage of model solutions and wines

The effects of temperature, ethanol concentration, and pH on the rate of hydrolysis of common volatile esters of wine (ethyl butanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl decanoate, isobutyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, hexyl acetate, and 2-phenylethyl acetate) were investigated in model situations. The pseudo-first-order rate constants for temperature and pH effects were calculated as well as the second-order rate constants for [H+] effect on model solution ester hydrolysis. The effect of acid catalysis of species other than H+ was calculated and found to be minor. Ethanol concentration differences in amounts of 10-1470 v/v had little effect on the rates. Activation energies and thermodynamic activation constants were calculated for the esters. Several wines were also analyzed for changes in ester concentration with time at several different temperatures.
Seed shadows generated by frugivorous birds in an eastern Mediterranean scrub.

Fruits of the five common fleshy-fruit plant species in an Israeli Mediterranean scrub were removed by twelve bird species of which seven were transients. Fruits of shrubs Rhamnus palaestinus and Pistacia lentiscus were removed mainly by all-year residents, while fruits of a semi-parasitic dwarf shrub Osyris alba, a vine Rubia tenuifolia and a tree P. palaestina were removed mainly by transients. Rhamnus was visited by most bird species more often than expected from its relative abundance, and the highest density of bird-deposited seeds was found under Rhamnus. Scrub clearings were largely avoided by birds (.)
Pixel Offset Fusion of SAR and Optical Images for 3-D Coseismic Surface Deformation

This letter presents a 3-D fusion method combining with the pixel offset results of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and optical images for measuring 3-D coseismic deformation, which suffered the limitations of huge displacement gradient, low coherence, and large temporal interval. This method takes the advantages of the pixel offset results of the two different types of satellites. We use the hanging wall deformation of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake as an example and generate two sets of 3-D coseismic displacements from the fusion method and radar images only. We compare the two sets of results to GPS and field survey data, and the 3-D fusion result shows more consistent 3-D displacements than one derived from radar images with decreased root mean square (rms) values of 20%–50%. The results of this letter provide a detailed information of displacement distribution in the hanging wall of the Chelungpu fault (CLPF) during the Chi-Chi earthquake. Along the fault, the vertical displacement increases from south to north gradually and the vertical pattern follows the topography. The area where uplift starts to be higher than the average of vertical displacements is consistent with the turning point of CLPF. The 3-D fusion method appears not only the potentials to describe the uplift behavior of active fault, but also the abilities to constrain the subsurface fault geometry.
Effect of surface treatment on moisture absorption, thermal, and mechanical properties of sisal fiber

Natural fibers are increasingly being used as composite reinforcement for both thermoplastic and thermoset resin, mainly for automotive application. Due to their hydrophilic nature, natural fibers have certain limitations during composite manufacture especially owing to their poor resin wettability, weak fiber–polymer interface, high moisture absorption, and being affected by high temperature in case of thermoplastic resin. This work investigates the impact of sisal fiber modification techniques on moisture absorption, thermal, and mechanical properties of the fiber. Four sisal fiber samples were prepared; untreated, alkaline treated, acetylated, and a combined alkaline-treated/acetylation samples. The samples were evaluated for their hygroscopic nature, thermal stability, and tensile properties. It is found that acetylation resulted in a reduction of moisture absorption of sisal fiber as the acetylated and alkaline-treated/acetylated samples recorded a decrease of 42% and 28%, respectively. Alkaline treatment increased the absorbency owing to the removal of hemicellulose and lignin. The thermogravimetric result revealed that alkaline treatment improved the thermal stability as the alkali-treated and alkali-treated/acetylated samples showed improvement in thermal properties. The acetylated sample resulted in a significant reduction in tensile strength. But, the results from tensile tests of the alkaline-treated samples showed an insignificant decrease in tensile strength and improvement in the modulus for all treated samples. Fourier-transform infrared and scanning electron microscopic analysis were included in the study to supplement the results with structural and microstructural changes. The effect of those treatments on the sisal–PET composite properties was studied and will be submitted in part 2 of the study.
Why plants bother: root proliferation results in increased nitrogen capture from an organic patch when two grasses compete

We investigated whether the capacities of Lolium perenne L. and Poa pratensis L. roots to proliferate locally and to alter local nitrogen (N) inflows in a decomposing organic matter patch were important in their capture of N when grown together. In the presence of a patch, plants of both species were significantly heavier and contained more N. Root length and weight densities increased in the patch, but specific root length was unaltered. Although both species proliferated roots in the patch, L. perenne produced greater root length densities than P. pratensis, and also captured more N from the patch. Indeed, total N uptake from the patch was related to root length density within the patch. N inflows (rate of N uptake per unit root length) in the patch were no faster than in the whole root system for both species. Under the conditions of this study, root proliferation in an organic patch was more important for N capture from the patch than alterations in N inflows. Local proliferation of roots may be a key factor in interspecific competition for non-uniformly distributed supplies of N in natural habitats, so resolving the previous uncertainty as to the ‘adaptive’ nature of root proliferation.
Recognition of the Sow's Voice By Neonatal Piglets

Piglets were tested for recognition of their sow's voice at 1, 2 & 6 days of age. Each piglet was tested individually by playing one minute of recorded grunts from its own sow and one minute of recordings from an alien sow, compared with a one minute period alone with no sound. The vocalizations of the piglets were recorded and analysed. Some piglets responded to their own sow's voice by making rapid 'quacking' grunts which differed in tone from the 'closed mouth grunts' made alone; some piglets responded by orientation and movements towards the sound. At one day old 29% piglets responded vocally exclusively to their own sow and 52 % responded when movement was included as a sign of recognition. 27 % piglets responded to both own and alien sow voices. At 2 days the response had become exclusive to their own sow's voice and 87 % piglets responded (57 % vocally). At 6 days 81 % piglets responded positively to their own sow's voice (62% vocally). The number of grunts increased in each minute of the tests with 1 and 2 day old piglets regardless of treatment, but at 6 days old, the piglets grunted more to their own sow's voice than to an alien.
Sequence Impedance Modeling and Stability Analysis for Load Converters With Inertial Support

Load converters with inertial support are used to enhance the system inertia. However, these converters may fail to operate stably in the weak grid. In this article, sequence impedance modeling and stability comparison analysis are proposed for the load virtual synchronous machine (LVSM) and the load converter with virtual inertia control (LCVIC). First, the universal sequence impedance formulas are derived by considering dc-link voltage dynamics and frequency-coupling effects. Then, the precise sequence impedance models are built for impedance characteristics analysis of LVSM and LCVIC. The analysis shows that the positive-sequence impedance of LVSM is generally inductive in the middle-frequency band, which is basically consistent with the grid impedance. In contrast, the positive-sequence impedance of LCVIC is negative-resistive-capacitive (i.e., phase angle is between −180° and −90°) in the middle-frequency band, which may lead to harmonic oscillation in the weak grid. Furthermore, the effects of grid impedance, load power, and other control parameters on the stability are analyzed for the two load converters based on the derived model and Nyquist stability criterion. The analysis results reveal that LVSM has better stability than LCVIC in the weak grid. Finally, the experimental results validate the correctness of the theoretical analyses.
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Levels in Water Associated with a Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) Feeding Operation

Abstract Nitrogen and phosphorus budgets for two catfish raceways near Durant, Oklahoma, during 1972 and 1973, indicated that 18 to 64% of the total nutrient inputs accumulated in the raceways' sediment. Both N and P inflow/outflow levels were relatively constant throughout the study. Levels of nitrite-N, nitrate-N, ammonium-N, and organic-N were generally higher in the outflow than the inflow, but were typically within recommended water quality limits. Similarly, average total and soluble P concentrations increased in the raceways, doubling from inflow to outflow. Nevertheless, the increased N and P levels did not result in serious problems due to algae or other aquatic growths. Moreover, the health and growth of the catfish remained good. Present raceway management and catfish production practices seem to pose no particular water quality problem.
Critical Success Factors in Business Succession: The Indonesian Family Business

Despite the consequence of business succession in the family business, neglection of the study with regards to its crucial success factors is often. The critical success factors in succession with regards to the family business in Indonesia was explored to provide lessons that ease the succession process to be more valuable. This study employed a qualitative study approach with a structured interview to three family businesses involved in the food industry in Bogor, Indonesia. The results of this study clustered critical success of business succession into three factors, namely organization, successor, and predecessor. Each key success factor of business succession was associated with different attributes. The attributes of the organization were existence, development, family unity, and sustainability. The characteristics of the successor were the commitment, leadership, communication skills, and persistence manner as well. The attributes of the predecessor were the commitment, mentoring, persistence, and communication skill. This study found that the essential qualities of critical success factors were the commitment, leadership and mentoring process This study conduct an in-depth review to explore the technology relation based on the results found.
Some effects of changing protein levels during the pullet laying year.

Synopsis Three diets containing 12, 14 and 16 per cent crude protein were fed to laying pullets from 23 to 63 weeks of age. The laying year was divided into three periods of 10, 15 and 15 weeks to examine the effect of feeding these diets at different stages of lay. Eighteen treatments were used, representing all possible combinations of three diets in the first period, three diets in the second period and two diets (16 and 12 per cent) in the third period. Two groups of 75 pullets were allocated to each treatment. In each period the diet had a significant effect on the rate of lay, egg output (g./day) showed a linear regression on protein intake. There was no indication that the amount of protein needed to maximise egg output was any less in one period than another, although the level of maximum output varied substantially as the year progressed. Where the feeding of an inadequate level of protein in one period was followed by a higher level in the next, liveweight showed a marked recovery but there was .