Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Smoking Cessation Guidelines for Health Professionals—A guide to effective smoking cessation interventions for the health care system

These guidelines have been written in parallel with guidance on the cost effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions, produced by the Centre for Health Economics at the University of York. The cost effectiveness guidance underpins these clinical guidelines and provides the economic justification for them. It is published as the second part of this Thorax supplement. These smoking cessation clinical guidelines are also published in a shorter version as a journal article ( BMJ 1999; 318 : in press). The clinical guidelines have been submitted to many professions for their official endorsement and support. This was not a passive process and their suggestions are reflected in this final version. The guidelines were commissioned by the Health Education Authority (HEA), which is responsible for health education in England. They are written for the English health care system but may prove relevant and adaptable to other countries and health care systems. Comments and questions about these guidelines can be addressed to Dr Ann McNeill at Health Education Authority, Trevelyan House, 30 Great Peter Street, London SW1P 2HW. #### Professional endorsement At the time of going to press the following organisations have endorsed these guidelines: Royal College of Physicians (London), Royal College of General Practitioners, British Medical Association, Royal College of Nursing, Royal College of Midwives, Community Practitioners’ and Health Visitors’ Association, British Thoracic Society, British Lung Foundation, National Asthma Campaign, National Primary Care Facilitators Programme, National Heart Forum, British Dental Association, British Dental Hygienists Association, National Pharmaceutical Association, Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, Action on Smoking and Health, ASH Scotland, Quit, Association for Public Health, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Cancer Research Campaign. #### Acknowledgements This project has depended especially on the goodwill and hard work of the peer reviewers and we would like to thank them for their contribution in reviewing the draft guidelines. We also thank Jacqueline …
Key Factors of Sustainable Firm Performance: A Strategic Approach

The development of information technologies and their increased significance for business environments have forced businesses to rethink traditional methods of generating value and surviving the hyper-competitive conditions of our time. The uncertainty, dynamism, volatility, and impermanence of modern commercial environments have shifted the foundations of business success and survival. Key factors that now affect firm performance and determine sustainability include knowledge creation, knowledge management, uncertainty management, organizational intelligence, and supply chain administration. The authors propose an analytical approach to identifying and enhancing these critical factors, and they describe ways for firms to exploit their strengths and minimize or compensate for their disadvantages. Sustaining business success requires competitive strategies that are rational and analytical. Firms that isolate their overall goals have an advantage over their rivals; those that can innovate and incorporate the knowledge and intelligence they develop will prosper, even in the most competitive situations. Managers and business practitioners should learn from this book how to identify the key factors that make their firms effective and successful, and how to ensure they remain sustainable over time.
Anaesthesia for day case excisional breast biopsy: propofol–remifentanil compared with sevoflurane–nitrous oxide

Background and objective A randomized and prospective study was performed to compare anaesthetic characteristics and stress hormone responses of two anaesthetic techniques. Methods Forty‐two patients undergoing day case excisional biopsy of breast mass were randomly assigned to receive propofol–remifentanil or sevoflurane–N2O. Anaesthesia was induced and maintained either with sevoflurane and 50% N2O in oxygen or with target‐controlled remifentanil and propofol in 50% oxygen and air. Anaesthetic depth was monitored by the bispectral index. Results The times for induction (2.9 vs. 1.7 min) and for laryngeal mask insertion (5.7 vs. 3.3 min) were longer in the sevoflurane–N2O group than in the propofol–remifentanil group. However, apnoea (57.1% vs. 9.5%) and bradycardia (23.8% vs. 0%) were more prevalent with propofol–remifentanil. In the sevoflurane–N2O group, the emergence times to a verbal response (10.6 vs. 3.7 min), to extubation (11.8 vs. 4.0 min) and to orientation (14.7 vs. 4.8 min) were longer than in the propofol–remifentanil group. There were significantly more nausea (38.1% vs. 4.8%) and vomiting (19.2% vs. 0%) in the sevoflurane–N2O group than in the propofol–remifentanil group. The time to discharge was similar although there was less postoperative pain in the sevoflurane–N2O group. There were no differences in the perioperative cortisol responses in the two groups. Conclusions Smoother induction of anaesthesia was seen with sevoflurane–N2O. Propofol–remifentanil showed a quicker emergence with less nausea/vomiting. There were similar perioperative cortisol responses in the two anaesthetic techniques.
Large spontaneous emission factor of 0.1 in a microdisk injection laser

A large spontaneous emission factor of 0.1 was evaluated in a 1.56 /spl mu/m-GaInAsP microdisk injection laser operating under continuous-wave condition with a threshold current of 50 /spl mu/A. Some clear evidence of the large spontaneous emission factor, i.e., superlinear light-current characteristics and nonclamped carrier-current characteristics, were observed. It was confirmed that the matching of the lasing wavelength to the spontaneous emission allowed larger spontaneous emission factor.
Microsystem integration using hybrid microassembly

This paper reports the progress of microsystem integration using hybrid microassembly, based on the recently finished EU FP7 project FAB2ASM. Hybrid microassembly is a technology that merges both high-speed coarse placement and high-accuracy self-alignment technologies. This paper addresses the basic concept of hybrid microassembly for microsystem integration and its process chain: component and interfaces, high speed and high accuracy assembly, and bonding and fixing. Issues regarding to the assembly site design for the self-alignment process will be discussed in details. Different variations of hybrid assembly processes will also be addressed. Finally, the paper discusses the applications of hybrid microassembly technology in: i) integration of microchips on lead-frames, ii) integration of surface emitting lasers, and iii) 3D integration of thin chips. The applicability of hybrid microassembly in other applications will also be discussed.
On the minimal degrees of projective representations of the finite Chevalley groups

For G = G(q), a Chevalley group defined over the field iFQ of characteristic p, let Z(G,p) be th e smallest integer t > 1 such that G has a projective irreducible representation of degree t over a field of characteristic other than p. In this paper we present lower bounds for the numbers Z(G,p). As a corollary we determine those Chevalley groups having an irreducible complex character of prime degree. Recently there have been a number of results making use of lower bounds on the degrees of representations of Chevalley groups. See for example Curtis, Kantor, and Seitz [4], Hering [9], and Patton [l 11. Also in Fong and Seitz [7] such bounds played an important role, although there the representationsconsideredwere over fields of characteristicp. For most types of Chevalley groups and for most primes p it is not difficult to obtain reasonable lower bounds for the complex irreducible characters of G = G(q), using the existence of certain p-subgroups of G resembling extraspecial groups. Indeed this was carried out in Landazuri [lo]. However to be complete we must take into certain problems that occur with fields of characteristic 2 and 3. Also, since we are considering projective irreducible representations the groups with exceptional Schur multipliers present some dif3iculties. There is also the problem of deciding whether or not a lower bound is “good. ” In some cases our bounds are actually attained and there is no problem in this regard. Otherwise let {G(q)} be a family of Chevalley groups of given type and with q ranging over suitable prime powers. Then our bounds will be in the form of a polynomial in q. In Curtis, Iwahori, and Kilmoyer [3] there is a list of certain character degrees for the family (G(p))
Biochemical markers in the management of suspected acute myocardial infarction in the emergency department

Objectives—To compare cardiac troponin T, myoglobin, CK, CKMB activity, CKMB mass and the initial electrocardiogram in the early diagnosis of myocardial infarction in the emergency department. Methods—Biochemical markers were measured at presentation in patients with a possible diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Based on the clinical notes, patients were grouped as “definite myocardial infarction” (n = 50), “definite no myocardial infarction” (n = 81) and “uncertain” (n = 96). Sensitivity and specificity and positive and negative predictive values were calculated using the 131 patients with definitely present or absent myocardial infarction. Results—The initial electrocardiogram was more sensitive than any of the markers in the first six hours from symptom onset—sensitivity 74% (95%CI 61% to 88%). The positive predictive value of the initial electrocardiogram was 97% in the first six hours; the markers ranged from 47% to 67%. The negative predictive value of the initial electrocardiogram was 85% in the first six hours; the markers ranged from 61% to 70%. Four patients with non-diagnostic electrocardiograms presenting beyond six hours after pain onset had a myocardial infarct detected by at least three of the biochemical markers in each case. Conclusions—The electrocardiogram is of more diagnostic use than biochemical markers in the first six hours after the onset of pain, but biochemical markers give additional positive diagnostic information in patients presenting later than this. The negative predictive accuracy of biochemical markers is too low for a single sample to be useful for excluding myocardial infarction in the first six hours after onset of symptoms.
WORKSHEET for Evidence-Based Review of Science for Emergency Cardiac Care

Is this question addressing an intervention/therapy, prognosis or diagnosis: Diagnosis State if this is a proposed new topic or revision of existing worksheet: New topic Search strategy (including electronic databases searched). Initial search for: "Cardiac arrest" AND ("infant" OR "children" OR “pediatrics”) AND ("invasive monitoring" OR "clinical assessment" OR "perfusing rhythm") AND ("diagnosis" OR "assessment")
A pendulum-driven cart via internal force and static friction

In this paper, a pendulum driven cart is built using Lego robot parts. It consists of a cart with four passive wheels and a pendulum mounted on top of the cart. A DC motor is attached to the hinge joint between the cart and the pendulum which cart swing forward and backward. The cart motion is generated using its internal force and friction with the ground. A four step motion generation pattern is proposed. The motion generation results are verified experimentally. I. INTRODUCTION Quota from an encyclopedia "In physics, friction is the resistive force that occurs when two surfaces travel along each other whilst forced together. It causes physical deforma- tion and heat buildup. " Both living creatures and man made systems use a lot friction for motion generation. In particular, snake type animals move without legs and driving wheels. Chernousko (2001) showed that it was possible even for a two link system with one actuator mounted on its hinge joint to move to any location on a plane (1). In order to generate net motion, a fast phase motion and a slow phase motion was introduced. In the fast phase the effects of friction forces were ignored. Hence, the moment was conserved. In the slow phase, static friction kept one link static while the other link was moved by its actuator. This paper describes a theoretical and experimental efforts concerning the motion generation of a pendulum-driven cart using internal forces and static friction only. Pendulum control is a classic control problem. Furuta (1978) is a leading researcher on this subject (3). What is original in this paper is that we drive a cart by swing a pendulum mounted on it. It is contrary to a typical pendulum control problem moving a cart to control a pendulum on top of it. The pendulum cart system is built using Lego Mindstorm 2.0 components, as shown in Figure 1. It consists of a cart with four passive wheels, a pendulum mounted on top of the cart which could move forward and backward, a DC motor is attached to the hinge joint between that pendulum and the cart, and a RCX controller connected to the motor. The RCX controller is programmed to drive the motor in this experiment.
Key Factors for Successful Logistics: Services, Transportation Concepts, IT and Management Tools

Logistics is a key enabler of supply chain collaboration. Innovations in this field, such as RFID technology, allow supply chains to increase their efficiency significantly and help to create further innovations in different areas. In this context, an important task is to find structures and approaches which enable all types of innovations in logistics and supply chains for a better fulfillment of customer needs. Another challenge is to handle the growing organizational complexity and the associated supply chain risks. This volume, edited by Thorsten Blecker, Wolfgang Kersten and Cornelius Herstatt provides valuable insights into planning and optimization of logistic processes, new concepts for transportation and supply chain event management, latest findings in the area of complexity management, insights into innovative IT systems in logistics and pioneering technologies for logistics like Auto-ID. The book for ambitious innovations in logistics with IT!
Colonization with Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli among Nursing Home Residents and Its Relationship to Fluoroquinolone Resistance

ABSTRACT In a cross-sectional fecal prevalence survey involving 49 residents of a Veterans Affairs nursing home, 59% of subjects were colonized with extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC), 22% were colonized with adhesin-positive E. coli, and 51% were colonized with fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli. Among 80 unique isolates, adhesins correlated negatively and aerobactin correlated positively with fluoroquinolone resistance.
Barriers to E-Commerce Adoption in Egyptian SMEs

E-commerce has been predicted to be a new driver of economic growth for developing countries. The SME sector plays a significant role in its contribution to the national economy in terms of the wealth created and the number of people employed. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Egypt represent the greatest share of the productive units of the Egyptian economy and the current national policy directions address ways and means of developing the capacities of SMEs. Many factors could be responsible for the low usage of e-commerce among the SMEs in Egypt. In order to determine the factors that promote the adoption of e-commerce, SMEs adopters and non-adopters of e-commerce were asked to indicate the factors inhibiting the adoption of e- commerce. The results show that technical barriers are the most important barriers followed by legal and regulatory barriers, whereas lack of Internet security is the highest barrier that inhibit the implementation of e- commerce in SMEs in Egypt followed by limited use of Internet banking and web portals by SMEs. Also, findings implied that more efforts are needed to help and encourage SMEs in Egypt to speed up e-commerce adoption, particularly the more advanced applications.
CORTICOSTEROIDS AND INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE.

Introduction The finding of γ-globulin and plasma cells in the trabecular meshwork of glaucomatous eyes suggested an immunogenic component. 1,2 The present study was undertaken to determine, under controlled conditions, the effect of topical corticosteroids in the eye with primary open-angle glaucoma. Corticosteroids have been incriminated in the exacerbation or production of the glaucomatous state. 3-7 Such reports were largely concerned with glaucoma occurring during the course of uveitis and were difficult to interpret. Several authors have demonstrated no effect of steroids on intraocular pressure. 8,9,10 In a controlled study of topical steroids in nurses, Linner 11 noted a small but significant increase in intraocular pressure without change in outflow facility. Francois 12 and Goldmann 13 have recorded glaucomatous states after prolonged topical steroid therapy, but these were considered rare occurrences. Recently Bernstein and Schwartz 14 found that patients on long-term systemic corticosteroid therapy showed significantly higher mean applanation pressures
Voluntary Corporate Financial Disclosures as Strategy: Case Study of an Indian Company

Voluntary Corporate Financial Disclosures (henceforth voluntary disclosures) are such information disclosures made by firms as are not required by laws or regulations Much of the existing literature on voluntary disclosures have focused on the question as to why should firms make voluntary disclosures or on the question of what are the characteristics common to firms making voluntary disclosures. The question of why do firms make voluntary disclosures has not received adequate attention in the literature. This paper attempts to answer the question of why do firms make voluntary disclosures by doing an in depth case study of an Indian company operating in the Financial Services sector. The voluntary disclosures made by the company in its annual report of 1995-96 were the focus of the investigation.The paper presents a review of the literature on voluntary disclosures in Section 2. Section 3 is a description of the regulatory framework governing financial reporting by Financial Service companies in India. Section 4 describes the methodology. Section S provides a background of the company and describes the specific voluntary disclosures made by the company under study. Section S presents the analysis. The concluding section presents some generalizations and directions for future research.The additional disclosures made by the case company represent a major shift in the company's disclosure policies The disclosures collectively communicate the poor financial state of the company The disclosures result in the company reporting a large loss and in a substantial write down of its assets Casual observation would lead us to believe that companies adopt an approach of gradually increasing the levels of voluntary disclosures Evidence from the case suggests that major shifts in the level of voluntary disclosures are likely to be associated with a shift in corporate strategy and/or a change in top management. The absence of any linkage between top management remuneration and financial performance of the company can facilitate disclosures which have negative implications for the reported financial performance and position of the company. Disclosures are used to both communicate strategy and as an element of strategy The results of the analysis are related to the model of disclosure process proposed by Gibbins, Richardson and Waterhouse ( 1990).
Assessment of different concentration of Ketofol in procedural operation.

Propofol is an IV anesthetic that is often used as an adjuvant during monitored anesthesia care, the addition of ketamine to propofol may counteract the cardiorespiratory depression seen with propofol used alone. Ketofol (ketamine/propofol combination) was used for procedural sedation and analgesia. However, evaluation of the effectiveness of different concentrations of Ketofol in procedural operation regarding changes in haemodynamics, emergence phenomena, recovery time, the doses, and adverse effects was not yet studied, so this randomized, double blinded study was designed to compare the quality of analgesia and side effects of intravenous different concentrations of ketofol in hundred children of both sex undergoing procedural operation, e.g. esophgoscopy, rectoscopy, bone marrow aspiration and liver biopsy participated in this randomized, double-blinded study. Patients received an infusion of a solution containing either combination of propofol: ketamine (1:1) (Group I) or propofol: ketamine (4:1) (Group II). Subsequent infusion rates to a predetermined sedation level using Ramsay Sedation Scale. Heart rate, noninvasive arterial blood pressure (NIBP), oxygen saturation (SpO2), end tidal carbon dioxide (Etco2) and incidence of any side effects were recorded. There were no significant hemodynamic changes in both groups after induction. However, there was an increase in postoperative nausea , psychomimetic side effects, and delay in discharge times with the largest ketamine dosage (Group I). We concluded that the adjunctive use of smaller dose of ketamine in ketofol combination minimizes the psychomimetic side effects and shorten the time to discharge.
Quantum metrological triangle experiment: Quantization tests of the electron pump

We show the measurements of current plateaus performed with the complete quantum metrological triangle (QMT) experimental set-up. This current is generated by a three junctions metallic R-pump and verifies theoretically the equality I=Q<inf>x</inf>. f<inf>SET</inf>. Q<inf>x</inf> denotes an estimate of the electron charge in our single electron device and has been measured as a function of the pumping frequency, f<inf>SET</inf>.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Mouse Oocytes Results in Preimplantation Embryo Arrest in Vitro1

Abstract Oocyte mitochondrial dysfunction has been proposed as a cause of high levels of developmental retardation and arrest that occur in human preimplantation embryos generated using assisted reproductive technology in the treatment of some causes of female infertility. To investigate this, a model of mitochondrial dysfunction was developed in mouse oocytes using a method of photosensitization of the mitochondrion-specific dye, rhodamine-123. After in vitro fertilization, dye-loaded and photosensitized oocytes showed developmental arrest in proportion to irradiation time. Morphological and metabolic assessments of zygotes indicated an increase in mitochondrial permeability that subsequently resulted in apoptotic degeneration. Development was partially restored by inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore formation by oocyte pretreatment with cyclosporin A. Oocyte mitochondria are therefore physiological regulators of early embryo development and potential sites of pathological insult that may perturb oocyte and subsequent preimplantation embryo viability. These findings have important implications for the treatment of clinically infertile women using assisted reproductive technologies.