Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determination of a Mixture of Plantago lanceolata L. and Salvia officinalis L. by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Detection (HPLC-UV)

Abstract Salvia officinalis L. and Plantago lanceolata L. are plants found in Romania's natural flora. They have been used for a long time in folk medicine due to their beneficial properties based upon their phenolic compound content. This study compared these hydroalcoholic extracts of these plants separately and in a 1:1 mixture and determined the concentration of several compounds that possess antioxidant properties. Nine phenolic compounds, including (+)-catechin, syringic acid, cinnamic acid, resveratrol, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, rutin and quercetin, were determined by use of an optimized high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) method. The aim of the study was to validate this method and to highlight the benefits of the mixture of extracts. The total concentration of phenolic compounds determined for S. officinalis L. was five times larger than for P. lanceolata L. In the extract of P. lanceolata L. several compounds, such as (+)- catechin and chlorogenic acid were not detected, while the extract of S. officinalis L. had all of the analyzed compounds. Even though the analyzed compounds were found in both plant species, the mixture of extracts showed an increased concentration of these compounds, thus enriching qualitative and quantitative properties of the resulting extract in comparison to the individual isolates. The analyzed extracts may be used for their health benefits due to the above-mentioned compounds that possess antioxidant properties.
Design proportional‐integral‐derivative/proportional‐derivative controls for second‐order time‐varying switched nonlinear systems

Based on proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID)/PD controls, we in the article investigate the tracking problem of a class of second‐order time‐varying switched nonlinear systems. To start with, for tracking a given point under arbitrary switching signals, we propose a sufficient condition about PID controller parameters, which can be implicitly described as semialgebraic sets. Successively, we consider the tracking problem under average dwell time (ADT)‐based switching signals and propose an alternative sufficient condition about PID controller parameters. Especially, for tracking an equilibrium point of the system without controls, we can further simply utilize the proportional‐derivative control and similarly construct corresponding semialgebraic conditions about proportional‐derivative controller parameters under arbitrary switching signals and ADT‐based switching signals. Finally, two examples are given to show the applicability of our theoretical results.
Ally or enemy? Cyberworld and adolescents' well-being

Close to 90% of adolescents are using digital technology and spend much of their day texting, exploring web sites, interacting online with peers or strangers, gaming online, downloading films or music, watching videos online, blogging, shopping online, etc. Many adults express their concern about whether adolescents' frequent use of new technologies is having a negative influence on their development. The purpose of this paper is to examine the possible consequences of digital technology use on the well-being of adolescents. The data about the impact of modern technology and forms of communication on adolescents is inconclusive, partly because of some shortcomings of study designs, partly due to rapid changes in digital technology. The most recent research is reviewed. The paper opens with the presentation of basic facts and numbers about using digital technology by adults and adolescents in the world, with a focus on social media. Several motives for children's internet use are listed: the affinity with a computer, seeking information, recreational reasons, avoidance of boredom, making new friends and socialize with old ones. Next, the most popular parents' concerns are presented, such as fear about adolescents' online interactions (with whom), cyberbullying, separation from real life, experimenting with identities, etc. Parents' fears have been confronted with scientific findings. It occurred that some concerns are justified (e.g., the problem of cyberbullying, multitasking, or sleep disruption). Other fears are not confirmed by data (e.g., concerning social development or parent-child relations). Also, the evidence suggests that moderate use of digital technology tends to be beneficial for children's mental well-being, while no use or too much use can have a small negative impact.
Second Language Spanish Intonation: Systemic and Realizational Dimensions of its Acquisition

There is increasing interest in the acquisition of second language (L2) intonation (e.g, Estebas-Vilaplana, 2017; Graham & Post, 2018), particularly in Spanish (e.g., McKinnon, 2017; van Maastricht, 2018; Yuan, González-Fuerte, Baills, & Prieto, 2019; Zárate-Sández, 2018a). Some of the previous research on L2 Spanish (e.g., Henriksen, Geeslin, & Willis, 2010; Thornberry, 2014; Trimble, 2013) has sought to determine which parameters (e.g., peak alignment) are most likely to be acquired under what conditions (e.g., short vs. long stays abroad). What is still unknown is what makes these specific parameters relatively easier or more difficult to acquire. In this dissertation, I have attempted to resolve this conundrum by couching all analyses and interpretations within the L2 Intonation Learning Theory (LILt: Mennen, 2015), a model specifically designed to analyze intonation data. This theoretical approach makes this dissertation the first formal analysis of L2 Spanish intonation. A total of 82 Spanish learners of various proficiency levels participated in one of two studies that explored the acquisition of intonation in two different contexts: classroom (beginning, n =18; intermediate, n =21; and advanced, n =24) and study abroad (advanced, n = 19). I examined the acquisition of prenuclear F0 peak alignment, the phonetic mapping of final boundary tones, and pitch range phenomena. The results indicate that the LILt is a useful and
Hidden Space and Segmented Labelling in Text Visualization

Text visualization can interpret large size documents with various linguistic units and glyphs. Each unit owns its advantages of intuition and precision, which could be visualize under different space efficiencies. For example, histogram of word frequency is an intuitive glyph but not precise, and word embedding could be optimized globally but not intuitive. Previous studies have applied many linguistic units and glyphs with implicit combinations, but lack an approach to align those units explicitly to sustain interpretability and predicability. In another side, ever growing methods of feature reduction and selection require a framework to compare and interpret hidden spaces with regard to large volume documents. To align and visualize linguistic units intensively, we proposed a visualization method to interpret document with its distribution on continuous space. Also, the accuracy of the segmented labelling is compared with the min-max and entropy methods. The result shows that: 1) our visualization is flexibility and efficiency to exhibit large volume documents; 2) of feature selection accuracy, the segmented labelling has comparable advantage on various parameters of hidden space.
User review helpfulness assessment based on sentiment analysis

This paper aims to investigate the relationship between sentiment and review helpfulness and develop a method to fully use sentiment features in review helpfulness assessment. In addition, this paper explores whether product type influences evaluating review helpfulness. ,First, a high-quality data set with a manually coded helpfulness score was constructed. Second, detailed research question methods were conducted. Finally, methods were applied to the data set to extract information gain and sentiment scores. Gradient boosting and random forest methods were used to classify the data set with these features through recall, precision and F-measure to understand the research questions. ,Review sentiment has a deep relationship with review helpfulness, and it can be a strong predictor of review helpfulness by refining it into more detailed scores; a combination of sentiment scores and information gain works very well on classification for two product types. Product type does not show a significant influence on helpfulness assessment. ,This paper provides a different perspective for measuring review sentiment by clarifying the relationship between sentiment and review helpfulness, analysing the role of product type in review helpfulness assessment, and proposing a high-value feature combination. In addition, the author believes that the assessment method can be effectively applied to practical works.
Emergence and diversification of a highly invasive chestnut pathogen lineage across south-eastern Europe

Invasive microbial species constitute a major threat to biodiversity, agricultural production and human health. Invasions are often dominated by one or a small number of genotypes, yet the underlying factors driving invasions are poorly understood. A prime example for a successful global invasion is the recent outbreak of the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica. Native to East Asia, the pathogen colonized North America and Europe during the first half of the 20th century. After decimation of the American chestnut, the pathogen threatens European chestnut trees. To unravel the mechanisms underpinning the most recent invasion of south-eastern Europe over the past decades, we sequenced genomes of 188 predominantly European strains. Genotypes outside of the invasion zone showed high levels of diversity with evidence for frequent and ongoing recombination. The invasive lineage emerged from the highly diverse European genotype pool rather than a secondary introduction from Asia. The expansion across south-eastern Europe was mostly clonal and shows distinct signs of mutation accumulation. The lineage is also dominated by a single mating type suggesting a fitness advantage to switch to asexual reproduction. However, we show experimentally that the lineage retained the ability to undergo mating consistent with the low degree of recombination detected among strains within the lineage and possibly closely related strains. Our findings show how an intermediary, highly diverse bridgehead population gave rise to an invasive, largely clonally expanding pathogen.
A comparative study between single incision laparoscopic appendectomy and conventional laparoscopic appendectomy

Background: Until recently transumbilical single incision laparoscopic appendectomy has been less popular in clinical practice than traditional laparoscopic appendectomy (LA). The goal of our study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the clinical outcomes for conventional laparoscopic appendectomy (CLA) and transumbilical single incision laparoscopic appendectomy (SILS). Methods: This prospective study SILS versus CLA was carried out in the postgraduate department of surgery GMC Srinagar from February 2013 to October 2014 on patients suspected of having acute appendicitis. All patients were worked up and assessed according to a predefined protocol-detailed history, complete clinical examination, and laboratory parameters. Results: The mean age of the patients in the SILS group was 23.9 years (16-35 years) and that in the CLA group was 25.3 years (16-35 years) (p>0.05). The mean operating time in the SILS group was 57.66 minutes and in the CLA group 52.83 minutes (p>0.05). The difference in the postoperative pain score of the two groups was not statistically significant (p>0.05). In our study cosmesis was assessed by using Manchester scar scale. The mean cosmesis scores were: 7 th POD 6.0±0.587 (SILS) and 6.9±0.922 (CLA); 3 months postoperatively 5.73±0.691 (SILS) and 6.56±1.072 (CLA); 6 months postoperatively 5.33±0.606 (SILS) and 6.23±1.104 (CLA). The difference in mean cosmesis score between SILS and CLA was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusions: Our comparative study between single incision laparoscopic appendectomy and conventional laparoscopic appendectomy shows that besides better cosmetic results in the former, there are no added advantages. However, SILS can be a safe and feasible alternative in young females who are cosmesis-conscious.
How to evaluate mental healthcare models

Summary Background: One of the main measures of improving the quality of mental healthcare in Europe is to promote the implementation of effective healthcare services. The evaluation of such health-care models is needed to assess their effectiveness and efficiency. Objectives: The article points out the main methodological challenges of demonstrating the effectiveness and efficiency of mental healthcare models. Results: Implementing healthcare models is complex and includes several components and a high number of confounding variables. This makes it difficult to identify the “active ingredients”. The range of evaluation criteria is wide. Therefore, it is crucial to define the main aim of the intervention clearly and to choose evaluation assessments with relevance for these aims. Conclusion: Addressing the question how to evaluate mental healthcare models, evaluation studies have to provide information not only about the chosen evaluation criteria but also about the context, in which a healthcare model works.
Validation of prognostic accuracy of MESH, HKLC, and BCLC classifications in a large German cohort of hepatocellular carcinoma patients

Background and aim The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system is commonly used to classify hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. However, other staging classification schemes have been proposed. We aimed to compare the prognostic accuracy of the Hong Kong Liver Cancer Staging (HKLC), the Model to Estimate Survival for HCC (MESH), and the BCLC staging systems using a Western cohort of HCC patients. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 918 patients diagnosed with HCC treated at the University Medical Center of Mainz between 2005 and 2014. We compared the predictive power of survival time of the BCLC, HKLC, and MESH. Predictive ability was tested using the integrated Brier score (IBS) and Harrell’s C index. Results Kaplan–Meier analyses showed significant differences in survival between stages defined by the BCLC, HKLC, and MESH. The HKLC classification demonstrated a more robust classification concordance and lower prediction error compared to the BCLC and MESH. In addition, we found that the BCLC offers superior predictive ability to the MESH in the first four years, whereas the MESH is superior for long-term predictions. Conclusion Our analyses confirm the prognostic value of three different HCC scoring systems. When compared, the HKLC provides superior prognostication ability.
Equipment provision after stroke: A scoping review of the use of personal care and mobility aids in rehabilitation

Introduction The aim of this scoping review was to examine and synthesise literature on adaptive equipment use for personal care and mobility after stroke. Method We searched databases including Medline, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL and Scopus to February 2016. Two authors independently screened 789 titles, identifying 28 studies for inclusion in the review. Results Findings were grouped into four themes: (1) stroke-specific impairments and consequences for equipment use and training; (2) meaning of equipment for people with stroke; (3) cost of equipment after stroke; and (4) conflicts between equipment provision and models of stroke rehabilitation. Conclusion The wide range of impairments after stroke increases complexity of how people use equipment. Nonetheless, training needs and the relationship between social context, identity and equipment use are increasingly better understood,. The findings highlight a tension between practice that seeks to re-train function by ‘normal’ movement without equipment and restoration of function by using compensation strategies involving use of equipment. However, there is no evidence that compensation strategies impede recovery of physical abilities. High-quality evidence about costs of equipment after stroke, which could inform policy decisions, is urgently needed.
Triple tubal ectopic pregnancy resolution with medical management and outcome

Ectopic pregnancy is a life-threatening condition and is rising in incidence due to assisted reproductive techniques in the present era. Three simultaneous implantations in the fallopian tubes is very rare. A 39-year-old G4 A3 was diagnosed to have ectopic pregnancy 42 days after embryo transfer done elsewhere. She had recurrent early pregnancy losses of previous three pregnancies. The first two conceptions were after IUI for prolonged unexplained infertility, and the third pregnancy was spontaneous conception. On the day of admission, she was diagnosed to have two extra uterine gestational sacs of <2 cm on TVS and a β HCG of 4539 mIU/mL. Medical management with variable dose methotrexate was instituted after counseling. Her β HCG rose to 16,125 mIU/L and a review TVS revealed three gestational sacs, two on right side and one on the left side. The third sac measured 1.7 cm × 2.2 cm with small fetal elements after two doses of methotrexate and it was 16,102 mIU/L after completion of one course of methotrexate. She was treated with two doses of 200 mg of mifepristone and was given 2nd course of variable dose of methotrexate and followed by single dose of mifepristone. Her β HCG was 624 mIU/L after 76 days of ET and 33 days of starting therapy. She had spontaneous conception after 2 months of stopping therapy and delivered a healthy baby of 3 kg normally at term.
Validation of spinal sagittal alignment with plain radiographs and the Debrunner Kyphometer

Validation of the Debrunner Kyphometer as a clinical non-radiological method for investigating spinal sagittal alignment was compared with standing lateral radiographs. The sample group (n=102) consisted of elite Alpine skiers (n=75) and a non-athletic population (n=27), mean age 17.7 (±1.4) years. Non-radiological and radiological measurements of the spinal sagittal kyphosis and lordosis range of motion were carried out in the erect standing position. Thoracic kyphosis measurements comparing the Debrunner Kyphometer with a radiological standard, showed a good level of agreement and a statistical significance (ICC 0.67, 95% CI: 0.26 to 0.83, p<0.001). Lumbar lordosis measurements showed poor levels of agreement in spite of being statistically significant (ICC 0.33, 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.50, p=0.001). There was no significant difference reported in the spinal alignment between skiers and controls using both radiological and non-radiological methods. Therefore, we conclude that due to the large variation in ranges between both methods, there is a limited value in using the Debrunner Kyphometer as a non-invasive method for the evaluation of spinal sagittal alignment. Key words: Debrunner Kyphometer, kyphosis, lordosis, radiological, spinal sagittal alignment.
Multiple Thresholding Methods for Extracting & Measuring Human Brain and 3D Reconstruction

Thresholding changes the gray image to binary imagery and improves image quality. This study applies the multiple thresholding method to extract and calculate the area of bleeding in the human brain. 10 samples of human brain image using multiple threshold method (Otsu and hybrid thresholding). The results of the Otsu method that still have noise can be overcome by the hybrid thresholding method. The results of the original image research with images that have been processed using the multiple thresholding method yield the optimum threshold value, the method applied produces excellent image quality. Results of calculation of MSE, RMSE and PSNR. the average PSNR Otsu thresholding: an average of 60.93 dB, the average PSNR Hybrid thresholding: 59.06 dB, and the average PSNR Multiple thresholding: 56.96 dB, the average MSE Otsu thresholding: 38.27, the average MSE Hybrid thresholding 36.15, mean MSE multiple thresholding: 34.30, mean RMSE Otsu: 9.49, mean RMSE Hybrid thresholding: 8.88, average RMSE Multiple thresholding: 7.58. The results of the calculation of the area of cerebral haemorrhage and the level of accuracy indicate a better multiple thresholding method. The results of the calculation of the bleeding area were carried out by 3D reconstruction using linear interpolation method.
Magnesium Sulphate Treated Severely Asphyxiated Neonates, Their Characteristic and Outcome

Introduction: Perinatal asphyxia is a common neonatal problem and contributes significantly to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Encephalopathy occurs in 50% to 60% of patients with severe perinatal asphyxia. Moderate hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE), 10% to 20% die and 30% to 40% develop neurodeficits, whereas 50% of those with severe HIE die and almost all survivors develop neurodeficits. The systematic administration of magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) after perinatal asphyxia has shown effective resolution of neuronal injury. We have conducted this study to validate the effect of MgSO4 in severely asphyxiated neonates, so as to utilize its benefits on ameliorating the outcome associated with severe perinatal asphyxia/HIE. Objective of the Study: To determine the characteristics and outcome of magnesium sulphate on neurological outcome in severe perinatal asphyxia Materials and Methods: A prospective interventional study of magnesium sulphate treatment of neonates with severe perinatal asphyxia conducted over one year period from 1st August 2017 to 31st July 2018. Results: Of the 52 neonates, male 34 while there 18 female giving a ratio of (M: F is 1:1.8). There were 30 (57.7%) in-born and 22 (42.3%) out-born, the total asphyxia cases (30/144) giving the incidence of 20.8% among in born. About one half (55.8%) of the patients commenced MgSO4 therapy at < 6 hours after birth, while 30.6% and 16.6% commenced MgSO4 therapy at 6 - < 24 hours and > 24 hours after birth respectively. About one half (49.0%) commenced enteral feeding within 5 – 7 days while 36.7% and 14.3% commenced enteral feeding at 4 < days and at > 7 days respectively. Majority of the patients commenced full enteral feeding at either between 5 – 7 days or > 7 days while only 36.7% of the neonates commenced full enteral feeding before 5 days. Equally, primary outcome, fully recovered and initiation breast feeding. Conclusion: Of the fifty two patients managed, 5 (9.6%) died during the treatment period after 8th day of admission and at follow up, while 47 (90.4%) survived. Also greater 50% of the survivors commenced breast feeding within five days of admission and were clinical normal at follow up clinic. Whether this coincidental or a true effect of MgSo4, a future prospective randomized controlled trial may make the picture clearer