Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using tobit regression analysis to further understand the association of youth alcohol problems with depression and parental factors among Korean adolescent females.

OBJECTIVES This study characterized the extent to which youth depressive symptoms, parental alcohol problems, and parental drinking account for differences in alcohol-related problems among a large sample of adolescent females. METHODS The stratified sample consists of 2077 adolescent females from twelve female-only high schools located in a large metropolitan city in the Republic of Korea. Students completed a questionnaire about alcohol use and alcohol problems, their parents' alcohol problems, and a number of risk and protective factors. Data were analyzed using tobit regression analyses to better characterize the associations among variables. RESULTS Almost two-thirds of students who consume alcohol had experienced at least one to two alcohol-related problems in their lives and 54.6% reported at least one current symptom of depression, with nearly one-third reporting two depressive symptoms. Two-thirds of the students indicated that at least one parent had an alcohol-related problem, and that approximately 29% had experienced several problems. Results of tobit regression analyses indicate that youth alcohol-related problems are positively associated with depressive symptoms (p<0.01) and parent drinking problems (p<0.05). Parental drinking is no longer significant when the variable parental attention is added to the model. Decomposition of the tobit parameters shows that for every unit of increase in depressive symptoms and in parent drinking problems, the probability of a youth experiencing alcohol problems increases by 6% and 1%, respectively. For every unit of increase in parental attention, the probability of youth experiencing drinking problems decreases by 5%. CONCLUSIONS This study presents evidence that alcohol-related problems and depressive symptoms are highly prevalent among adolescent females. Although a comprehensive public health approach is needed to address drinking and mental health problems, different interventions are needed to target factors associated with initiation of alcohol problems and those associated with increased alcohol problems among those who already began experiencing such problems.
Intégration de connaissances syntaxiques dans les modèles de langue pour la RI

En Recherche d'Information (RI) les methodes purement statistiques basees sur des distributions de mots-clef ont actuellement atteint une limite. Cette limite n'est franchissable que par l'apport massif de connaissances exterieures au sein du systeme de RI. Nos travaux portent sur l'utilisation en RI des liens de niveaux syntaxiques entre les termes. Nous considerons ainsi les dependances syntaxiques contenues dans l'arbre de dependance produit par des analyseurs syntaxiques de surface. Pour integrer ces informations en RI, le contexte des modeles de langue nous semble favorable. En effet, l'aspect theorique des modeles de langue est tres interessant, il est adaptable et permet l'integration de nouvelles connaissances. Nous presentons ici, l'integration des liens syntaxiques au sein d'un modele de langue. Ce modele est evalue sur une partie de la collection de CLEF. Les resultats montrent que l'integration des dependances syntaxiques abaisse les performances du systeme de RI. Face a ces resultats, nous souhaitons pour la suite de ces travaux nous orienter vers l'apport d'information de niveau plus semantique.
Le pain merveilleux de l'hospitalité. Malentendus éclairant les constructions du commun

Afin d'eclairer les malentendus qui peuvent conduire a des diagnostics d'inegale « ouverture » ou « fermeture » des societes, cet article propose une exploitation secondaire d'une enquete menee par Nina Kareva sur l'hospitalite de Russes recus a l'etranger ainsi que d'etrangers accueillis en Russie. Ces experiences et leurs deconvenues sont souvent renvoyees au relativisme des coutumes. Notre perspective est differente. De meme que Nina Kareva a degage des traits structurels et asymetriques des engagements reciproques de la personne qui accueille et de celle qui recoit, nous mettons en rapport l'epreuve d'hospitalite avec des constructions structurelles de communautes politiques, des grammaires du commun au pluriel que plusieurs programmes internationaux de recherche comparative nous ont aides a identifier. Nous en tirons des eclairages pour l'analyse de la « petite histoire » d'un Russe recu aux Etats-Unis dans les annees 1980 ainsi que des reactions qu'elle suscite aupres d'un public international de sociologues, avant d'en tirer quelques enseignements sur la "grande Histoire" recente.
Neuroendocrine Consequences of Prenatal Androgen Exposure in the Female Rat: Absence of Luteinizing Hormone Surges, Suppression of Progesterone Receptor Gene Expression, and Acceleration of the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Pulse Generator1

Abstract Preovulatory GnRH and LH surges depend on activation of estrogen (E2)-inducible progesterone receptors (PGRs) in the preoptic area (POA). Surges do not occur in males, or in perinatally androgenized females. We sought to determine whether prenatal androgen exposure suppresses basal or E2-induced Pgr mRNA expression or E2-induced LH surges (or both) in adulthood, and whether any such effects may be mediated by androgen receptor activation. We also assessed whether prenatal androgens alter subsequent GnRH pulsatility. Pregnant rats received testosterone or vehicle daily on Embryonic Days 16–19. POA-hypothalamic tissues were obtained in adulthood for PgrA and PgrB (PgrA+B) mRNA analysis. Females that had prenatal exposure to testosterone (pT) displayed reduced PgrA+B mRNA levels (P < 0.01) compared with those that had prenatal exposure to vehicle (pV). Additional pregnant animals were treated with vehicle or testosterone, or with 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT). In adult ovariectomized offspring, estradiol benzoate produced a 2-fold increase (P < 0.05) in PgrA+B expression in the POA of pV females, but not in pT females or those that had prenatal exposure to DHT (pDHT). Prenatal testosterone and DHT exposure also prevented estradiol benzoate-induced LH surges observed in pV rats. Blood sampling of ovariectomized rats revealed increased LH pulse frequency in pDHT versus pV females (P < 0.05). Our findings support the hypothesis that prenatal androgen receptor activation can contribute to the permanent defeminization of the GnRH neurosecretory system, rendering it incapable of initiating GnRH surges, while accelerating basal GnRH pulse generator activity in adulthood. We propose that the effects of prenatal androgen receptor activation on GnRH neurosecretion are mediated in part via permanent impairment of E2-induced PgrA+B gene expression in the POA.
Multi-Objective WSN Deployment: Quality of Monitoring, Connectivity and Lifetime

In this paper, we will address a WSN deployment problem. The main objectives are i) reduce the cost of deployment, ii) ensure the requested event detection probabilities, iii) guarantee the network connectivity, and iv) maximize the lifetime of the network. We will formalize the problem as multi-objective combinatorial optimization problem. To resolve the problem, we will propose a new deployment algorithm named \texttt{MODA}. It will be based on evolutionary and neighborhood search algorithms. The obtained results are better than the deployment strategies found in the literature.
The effects of pH on the kinetics of fatigue and recovery in frog sartorius muscle.

The effects of pH on the kinetics of fatigue and recovery in frog sartorius muscle were studied to establish whether the pH to which muscles are exposed (extracellular pH) has an effect on both the rate of fatigue development and recovery from fatigue. When frog sartorius muscles were stimulated with short tetanic stimuli at rates varying from 0.2 to 2.0 trains/s, a time- and frequency-dependent decrease in force development was observed, but extracellular pH had comparatively little effect. The recovery of tetanic force was dependent on the extracellular pH. This effect was characterized by a rapid recovery in force at pH 8.0 and an inhibition of recovery at pH 6.4 even when force decreased by only 25% during stimulation. Even when muscles were fatigued at pH 8.0 the rate of force recovery was still very small at pH 6.4. A model is proposed in which a step of the contraction cycle changes from a normal to a fatigued state. The rate of this transition is a function of the stimulation frequency and not pH. The reverse transition, from a fatigued to normal state is pH dependent; i.e., it is inhibited by H+. Measurements of resting and action potentials show that extracellular pH influences these parameters in the fatigue state, but there is no evidence that these changes are directly responsible for the pH-dependent step in the reversal of fatigue.
Review on developments in fiber optical sensors and applications

The last couple of decades had witnessed a rise in the research of optoelectronic and fiber optical communication fields, which resulted in applications focused initially in military and aerospace equipments, and later in health monitoring for medicine, heritage culture and various engineering fields. The monitoring of existing or /and new engineering, biomedical structures has become a regular feature throughout the world. Monitoring is fast emerging as a pioneering field with high precision and quality equipments. This field is very vast, consisting of both traditional as well as smart materials based methods. The fiber optics belong to the finest class of smart materials, there are many types and classifications based on the necessity, manufacturer and the end user. In this paper, a complete over view of fiber sensing systems and their usefulness is briefly presented.
Are we trumping bone disease in prostate cancer?

We are seeing a new era in drug development with the identification of novel intra- and extracellular targets to which therapies are being directed. Perhaps more exciting is learning how to optimize standard therapies in combination with biologic agents and radiopharmaceuticals in order to target multiple pathways in prostate cancer growth. Stay tuned!
[A simple cold caloric test].

1. 少量注水法による冷水刺激検査を客観的に評価するために,正常者10名に対し,1)20°C 5ml 10秒間注水20秒間刺激(少量注水法)2)20°C 20ml 10秒間注水,3)20°C 50ml 20秒間注水,4)簡易法による冷温交互試験(20ml 10秒間注水)を行った. 1),2)は暗所開眼下およびフレンッェル眼鏡下,3),4)は暗所開眼下に観察し,眼振最大緩徐相速度,眼振持続時間を比較した. 2. 眼振最大緩徐相速度は注水条件,観察条件により異なり,暗所の20°C 5ml 10秒間注水20秒間刺激が最も反応が強く(34.6度/秒),個体間の変動も小さかった. これに対し簡易法による冷温交互試験ではきわめて反応が弱く,温刺激では冷刺激の約2倍の反応が得られたが,8. 4度/秒にすぎなかった. フレンツェル眼鏡下では,注水条件に関係なく,暗所の約1/3に減弱した. 眼振持続時間は,注水条件による影響を受け難かった. フレンッェル眼鏡下では,暗所の約2/3に短縮した. 3. 多数の臨床例の結果を基に,少量注水法による冷水刺激検査の判定基準を作成した. 正常者における眼振最大緩徐相速度の分布より,20度/秒以上,左右差20度/秒以内を正常とし,以下slight difference, moderate CP, severe CP, complete CPの5段階に分類した. 4. めまい患者における5段階評価の分布は,疾患にょり差が認められた. ストレプトマイシン使用量と眼振最大緩徐相速度の関係より,少量注水法は迷路機能障害の出現,進行の有無の把握に役立つことがわかった. 5. 少量注水法は,ネラトンカテーテルによる灌流刺激法に比べ精度が高く,眼振最大緩徐相速度を指標とした新しい判定法により,従来の左右差による判定法と異なり,左右耳の正常異常を個別に判定できる.
Fång hos häst och dess association till grovtarmsstörningar

Fang ar ett systemiskt tillstand som uppenbarar sig i hoven och innebar en inflammation av hovens lameller. Vid fang kommer forbindelsen mellan hovbenet och hovvaggen att upphora och den drabbade hasten utvecklar olika symptom, bl.a. halta, och kan drabbas av hovbenssankning eller hovbensrotation. Fang kan orsakas av olika faktorer, och har bland annat associerats till grovtarmsstorningar. Syftet med denna uppsats ar att ta reda pa sambandet mellan grovtarmsstorningar och fang. Normalt kommer hydrolyserbara kolhydrater som starkelse att smaltas i tunntarmen, och fermenterbara kolhydrater som fruktaner att jasas i grovtarmen. Vid overintag av dessa icke-strukturella kolhydrater kan storningar i grovtarmen uppkomma, som i sin tur okar risken for fang. Fang kan induceras genom att administrera hastar med hoga doser av starkelse eller fruktantypen inulin. Vid fang associerad till grovtarmsstorningar kommer grovtarmens mikrobiota forandras, grampositiva bakterier som Streptococcus spp. proliferera, mjolksyra ansamlas och tarmepitelet skadas. Detta leder till okad absorption av laktat och triggerfaktorer fran tarmlumen till blodet. Olika faktorer har undersokts i flertalet studier for att klarlagga sambandet mellan storningar i grovtarmen och fang, och olika amnen verkar kunna ha betydelse som triggerfaktorer i sjukdomsutvecklingen. Aminer ar potentiella sadana faktorer vid utvecklingen av fang, da koncentrationen av dessa i hastens grovtarm kan oka till foljd av overintag av icke-strukturella kolhydrater, och de verkar ha en effekt pa den vaskulara funktionen. Andra mojliga faktorer ar endotoxiner frisatta fran lyserade gramnegativa bakterier i grovtarmen, dar en del verkar ha formagan att separera lamellerna i hoven. Daremot verkar inte administrering av endotoxiner i sig ha formagan att inducera fang. Vissa bakteriella exotoxiner kan aktivera matrix metalloproteinaser (MMPs) som bryter ner lamellernas basalmembran i hoven, och aktiviteten av vissa MMPs har pavisats vara hogre i hovar paverkade av fang. Ytterligare en mojlig triggerfaktor ar inflammatoriska cytokiner som i en studie har pavisats oka frisattningen av pro-MMP-9 fran lamellerna i hoven. Slutsatsen ar att grovtarmsstorningar orsakade av overkonsumtion av icke-strukturella kolhydrater kan oka risken for fang, och att det sker en andring i grovtarmens mikrobiota som kan leda till att olika triggerfaktorer frisatts fran tarmen vilka kan bidra till sjukdomsutvecklingen i hoven. Det finns olika teorier kring vilka triggerfaktorerna ar, och mojligtvis kan flera triggerfaktorer verka parallellt vid sjukdomsutvecklingen. For att ta reda pa huruvida det ar en faktor eller flera som ar viktiga for patogenesen vid fang associerad till grovtarmsstorningar, och vilka dessa ar, kravs mer forskning.
Sex hormones in alcohol consumption: a systematic review of evidence

Sex hormones play an important role in establishing sex‐distinctive brain structural and functional variations that could contribute to the sex differences in alcohol consumption behavior. Here, we systematically reviewed articles that studied sex hormone impacts on alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder (AUD). An extensive literature search conducted in MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus and CINAHL databases identified 776 articles, which were then evaluated for pre‐specified criteria for relevance and quality assurance. A total of 50 articles, including 19 human studies and 31 animal studies, were selected for this review. Existing evidence supports the association of increased testosterone level and increased risk for alcohol use and AUD in males but results are inconclusive in females. In contrast, the evidence supports the association of increased estrogen level and increased alcohol use in females, with mixed findings reported in males. Much less is known about the impact of progestins on alcohol use and misuse in human subjects. Future observational and experimental studies conducted in both sexes with a comprehensive hormone panel are needed to elucidate the impact of the interplay between various sex hormone levels during various developmental stages on alcohol use‐related phenotypes and AUD.
Additive effects of interleukin 1 and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha on the accumulation of the three granulocyte and macrophage colony‐stimulating factor mRNAs in human endothelial cells.

The control of haematopoietic colony‐stimulating factors (CSF) gene expression by interleukin 1 (IL‐1) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐alpha) in cultured endothelial cells was studied by RNA hybridization and nuclear gene transcription. Both IL‐1 and TNF‐alpha induced, with somewhat different kinetics, a slow but marked accumulation of granulocyte‐macrophage (GM)‐ and granulocyte (G)‐CSF mRNAs in endothelial cells; macrophage (M)‐CSF mRNA increased more rapidly but more moderately. Simultaneous treatment with maximally stimulating concentrations of both IL‐1 and TNF‐alpha had an additive effect on the accumulation of the three mRNAs, suggesting that both mediators act via independent pathways. The mechanism of CSF mRNA accumulation in endothelial cells was explored by nuclear run‐on experiments, which showed that both IL‐1 and TNF‐alpha increase GM‐CSF, G‐CSF and M‐CSF gene transcription to varying degrees.
Non-compliance in a large population of elderly patients with cardiovascular disease

Background: Non-compliance with prescribed drugs is an important cause of hospitalization in elderly patients due to multiple psychological and physical barriers, multiple diseases and the use of a wide variety of drugs. We aimed to examine the causes of non-compliance and the contribution of non-compliance in hospital admission among elderly patients with cardiovascular (CDV) diseases. Methods: A retrospective study of 922 patients aged ≥ 65 years admitted during the period Jan. 2004 – Jan. 2006 in the Geriatric Department of “Dr. C.I. Parhon Hospital” for CDV diseases was conducted. Data on compliance was collected through a questionnaire on compliance, beliefs, knowledge, and selfcare behavior and compared with information from past medical records or from family members. We assessed the main causes of hospital referral, carefully looking for possible or probable cases of noncompliance. The main causes of non-compliance were also assessed. Results: The mean age of the study group was 74.5 years (65-91), M:F ratio was 42:58,9% were living alone and 59% completed high school. The average number of different drugs prescribed was 4.3 and the average number of pills taken daily was 5,8. Ninety patients (9,76%) were hospitalized for aggravation of their CDV disease due exclusively to non-compliance and 148 (16,05%) had other factors that leaded to non-compliance (e.g. nausea and vomiting, dizziness, negative stress). The non-compliant population (n = 90 patients) lived equally in urban and rural area. Most of them were 70 to 80 years old (48,89%), did not complete high school (72,22%) and had a very low income. The rate of hospitalization in these patients in the study period was 1.84 /patient. All the patients had heart failure (HF) due mainly to ischemic heart disease (46,67%) followed by hypertension (18,89%), arrhythmias (17,77%) and dilatative cardiomyopathy (16,67%). The main self-reported causes of drug non-compliance were inadequate income (34,2%), inadequate instruction (17,7%), too many drugs (17,7%) and physical barriers (visual disturbances or arthritis)
Are there three types of horizontal cell in the human retina?

Golgi‐impregnated horizontal cells (HCs) as viewed in whole mount human retinas have been studies by light microscopic (LM) techniques. Impregnated HCs have been drawn by camera lucida and by the Eutectics neuron tracing method to provide quantitative data on dendritic tree sizes, dendritic tree shapes, and dendritic terminals for statistical treatment and cluster analysis. In addition, fractal analysis of HC dendritic branching patterns have been performed.
Model-Based Contract Testing of Graphical User Interfaces

Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) are critical for the security, safety and reliability of software systems. Injection attacks, for instance via SQL, succeed due to insufficient input validation and can be avoided if contract-based approaches, such as Design by Contract, are followed in the software development lifecycle of GUIs. This paper proposes a model-based testing approach for detecting GUI data contract violations, which may result in serious failures such as system crash. A contract-based model of GUI data specifications is used to develop test scenarios and to serve as test oracle. The technique introduced uses multi terminal binary decision diagrams, which are designed as an integral part of decision tableaugmented event sequence graphs, to implement a GUI testing process. A case study, which validates the presented approach on a port scanner written in Java programming language, is presented. key words: model-based testing, GUI testing, event sequence graphs, multi terminal binary decision diagrams
Predictors of short-term visual outcome after anti-VEGF therapy of macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusion.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to analyze predictive factors for best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) after anti-VEGF treatment in patients with macular edema (ME) secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). METHODS This prospective study enrolled treatment-naive patients with ME secondary to CRVO. BCVA, ophthalmoscopy, fundus photography, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging were performed. SD-OCT was analyzed for integrity of the external limiting membrane (ELM), photoreceptor inner segments (IS), and outer segments (OS). Patients were treated with intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25 mg) or ranibizumab (0.5 mg). BCVA outcome was analyzed 4 weeks after the first injection. RESULTS Sixty-two eyes of 62 patients (39 men, 23 women; mean age: 67 ±16 years) were included. In 55%, the ELM was intact. These eyes also showed intact photoreceptor IS/OS in horizontal and vertical single scans. Disturbed ELM was seen in 45% and was accompanied by focal disintegration of IS/OS. Four weeks after injection, 58% showed clinically relevant increases of BCVA (≥5 letters). Mean BCVA ranged from 20 to 86 letters. The mean BCVA increase was 18 ± 12 letters in eyes with intact ELM compared with 4 ± 10 letters with disturbed ELM (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Depending on the integrity of the outer retinal layers, the authors observed rapid and clinically relevant improvement in BCVA after the first anti-VEGF injection. In the development of an optimal treatment regime, the indication for treatment and re-treatment should be based on functional and morphologic findings, such as the deterioration of outer retinal layers. Intact ELM in SD-OCT imaging is associated with better visual outcomes after intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment in patients with ME secondary to CRVO.
Removal and stability for Erdős – Ko –

A k-uniform family of subsets of [n] is intersecting if it does not contain a disjoint pair of sets. The study of intersecting families is central to extremal set theory, dating back to the seminal Erdős–Ko–Rado theorem of 1961 that bounds the size of the largest such families. A recent trend has been to investigate the structure of set families with few disjoint pairs. Friedgut and Regev proved a general removal lemma, showing that when γn ≤ k ≤ ( 1 2 −γ)n, a set family with few disjoint pairs can be made intersecting by removing few sets. We provide a simple proof of a removal lemma for large families, showing that families of size close to ` ( n−1 k−1 ) with relatively few disjoint pairs must be close to a union of ` stars. Our lemma holds for a wide range of uniformities; in particular, when ` = 1, the result holds for all 2 ≤ k < n2 and provides sharp quantitative estimates. We use this removal lemma to answer a question of Bollobás, Narayanan and Raigorodskii regarding the independence number of random subgraphs of the Kneser graph K(n, k). The Erdős–Ko–Rado theorem shows α(K(n, k)) = ( n−1 k−1 ) . For some constant c > 0 and k ≤ cn, we determine the sharp threshold for when this equality holds for random subgraphs of K(n, k), and provide strong bounds on the critical probability for k ≤ 12 (n− 3).
Differential coding in polarizations with half-symbol-period timing offset for coherent PM-QPSK to improve phase-noise tolerance

We propose a phase-noise-tolerant coherent PM-QPSK system with differential coding and half-symbol-period timing-offset in polarizations. Owing to the improved phase noise tolerance, error-free operation of 10Gbaud PM-QPSK is experimentally demonstrated even using ∼30MHz-linewidth DFB laser.