Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Racial Discrimination in the Sharing Economy: Evidence from a Field Experiment

In an experiment on Airbnb, we find that applications from guests with distinctively African American names are 16 percent less likely to be accepted relative to identical guests with distinctively white names. Discrimination occurs among landlords of all sizes, including small landlords sharing the property and larger landlords with multiple properties. It is most pronounced among hosts who have never had an African American guest, suggesting only a subset of hosts discriminate. While rental markets have achieved significant reductions in discrimination in recent decades, our results suggest that Airbnb's current design choices facilitate discrimination and raise the possibility of erasing some of these civil rights gains.
VECTORIAL ANALYSIS OF THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM IN COMMON VENTRICLE*

Electrocardiographic findings with common cardiac ventricle have been described by a number of investigators (Brown, 1950; Rogers and Edwards, 1951; Campbell, Reynolds, and Trounce, 1953; Neill and Brink, 1955; Sodi-Pallares and Calder, 1956; Nadas, 1957; Keith, Rowe, and Vlad, 1958; Taussig, 1960; and Van Praagh, Zacharioudakis, and Keith, 1962). Vectorial analysis has, however, received no comprehensive evaluation. Thus, it seemed appropriate to study, from a vectorial viewpoint, the electrocardiographic features encountered in 21 subjects with this condition. In the series of 21 cases of common ventricle studied, transposition of the great vessels occurred in each case. Anatomical details from these cases form part of another report (Elliott, Anderson, and Edwards, 1964) in which there were additional anomalies involving the position of the infundibular chamber, pulmonary valve, and atrio-ventricular valves. Therefore it is essential that we define the condition common ventricle as used in this report. In the condition common cardiac ventricle with transposed great vessels, there is one ventricular chamber into which both (when there are two) atrio-ventricular (A-V) valves empty. The same ventricular chamber gives rise to the pulmonary trunk and, through its infundibular chamber, to the transposed aorta (Fig. 1). In each case of common cardiac ventricle, the infundibular chamber was located anteriorly at the base of the heart, in one of two positions. When the infundibulum was located at the right aspect of the base of the heart, it was considered to be "non-inverted" (Fig. 1, left). When the infundibulum was located at the left aspect of the base of the heart, it was considered "inverted" (Fig. 1, right). These two types correspond to the non-inverted and inverted forms of mixed (Type 4) transposition as described by Spitzer (1951). In some cases there was, in addition, obstruction to pulmonary flow owing to pulmonary valvular stenosis, or subpulmonary stenosis, or both. Furthermore, in some cases certain abnormalities of the atrio-ventricular valves coexisted, such as common A-V valve, tricuspid atresia, or mitral atresia.
Prognostic Significance of C D 24 Expression in G astric C arcinom a

P urpose: The human C D 24 antigen is a small heavily glycosyla ted ce ll surface prote in, which is expressed in hematological malignancies, as well as in a large variety of solid tumors. Its expression is now known to be related to the prognosis of severa l kinds of tumors. This study is designed to examine the prognostic significance of C D 24 in Korean gastric cancer patients. M ateria ls and M ethods: In the present study, we examined C D 24 expression in 300 consecutive cases of gastric carcinoma by immunohistochemical sta ining using the tissue-array method. W e a lso investigated the clinicopathologica l profiles re la ted to C D 24 expression. R esults: O ne hundred and three cases out of 300 (34 .3% ) showed the positive expression of C D 24. The a ltered expression of C D 24 was significantly associa ted with differentiated cancer (p=0.003), the intestinal subtype according to the Lauren classifica tion (p<0.001), the advanced stage cancer (p=0.027), with lymphatic invasion (p=0 .038) and with vascular invasion (p=0 .006). The survival analysis revealed that the patients with CD 24 positive expression showed significantly poorer survival than those without C D 24 expression. M oreover, a combined evaluation revealed that PTEN +/CD24cases showed the best surviva l compared to other groups (p=0 .01). C onclusion: P ositive C D 24 expression occurs in a subset of gastric carcinomas and it correlates significantly with lymphatic invasion, blood vesse l invasion and poor surviva l. (C ancer R esearch and Treatment 2004;36:298302) 󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏 Key W ords: Immunohistochemistry, S urviva l ana lysis, S tomach neoplasms
Cancer Therapeutics Insights miRNA-141 , Downregulated in Pancreatic Cancer , Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Invasion by Directly Targeting MAP 4 K 4

miRNAs are associated with various types of cancer due to their ability to affect expression of genes that modulate tumorigenesis. In this study, we explored the role of miR-141 in pancreatic cancer. The analysis of clinical characteristics showed that miR-141 was significantly downregulated in tissues and cell lines of pancreatic cancer. Moreover, the decreased miR-141 level was significantly associated with tumor size and TNM stage, as well as lymph node and distant metastasis. Meanwhile, both Kaplan–Meier and multivariate survival analysis showeddecreasedmiR-141were associatedwith overall survival.Overexpression ofmiR-141 in pancreatic cancer cells inhibited cell proliferation, clonogenicity, and invasion; induced G1 arrest and apoptosis; and enhanced chemosensitivity. To understand howmiR-141mediates the phenotype of pancreatic cancer cells, a bioinformatics tool was used to identify MAP4K4 as a potential target of miR-141. The DualLuciferase reporter gene assay showed that miR-141 binds directly to the 30-untranslated region (30UTR) of MAP4K4 to inhibit MAP4K4 expression. Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses revealed thatMAP4K4 expressionwas inversely correlatedwithmiR-141 expression both in pancreatic cancer samples and cell lines. Knockdown of MAP4K4 inhibited cell proliferation, clonogenicity, and invasion, induced G1 arrest and apoptosis, and enhanced chemosensitivity. In a nude mouse xenograft model, both overexpression of miR-141 and knockdown of MAP4K4 significantly repressed pancreatic cancer cell growth. Therefore, we conclude that miR-141 targets MAP4K4, acts as a tumor suppressor in pancreatic cancer cells, and may serve as a novel therapeutic agent for miRNA-based pancreatic cancer therapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(11); 2569–80. 2013 AACR.
Workforce Planning and the School Library Media Specialist

This article utilizes data collected through the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS)–supported Workforce Issues in Library and Information Science 1 (WILIS 1) survey of graduates (1964–2007) of the five library and information science master's programs in North Carolina to consider career patterns and what these career patterns tell us about recruitment, retention, and retirement of school library media specialists (SLMSs). A life course approach is used to interpret the survey data and to suggest areas needing attention in recruiting and retaining SLMSs and planning for their retirement. Perhaps the most noteworthy finding is that a major influence on turnover of SLMSs is the lack of opportunities for career growth and development. Suggestions are offered for enhancing career development opportunities for SLMS.
Regulation of dominant follicle turnover during the oestrous cycle in cows.

The effect of progestin and luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse frequency on dynamics of dominant follicle growth during the first follicular wave after oestrus was examined in non-lactating Holstein cows by ultrasonography. On day 8 of the cycle, cows (n = 8) received a luteolytic dose of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha; 25 mg) and an ear implant of Norgestomet (6 mg). On day 18, cows were assigned to a crossover design in which the implants were retained (T1) or replaced with a new implant (T2). All implants were removed on day 23. After oestrus, cows underwent a normal intervening oestrus cycle. On day 8 of the third cycle, T1 and T2 were reversed among cows. Ultrasonography and blood sampling were performed on alternate days throughout the experiment. On days 10 and 19 of the third cycle, blood was sampled every 15 min for 8 h in concert with an additional control group (n = 3) sampled on day 10 of the cycle. Progesterone concentration on day 8 before PGF2 alpha was 6.5 +/- 0.5 ng ml-1. Dominance of the first wave dominant follicle was extended beyond day 18 in 15 of 16 cows for T1 and T2 periods. The original dominant follicle ovulated in five of eight T1 and none of eight T2 periods (P < 0.01). New dominant follicles were detected on day 24 +/- 1 in T1 (n = 3) and on day 20.6 +/- 1 in T2 (n = 8; P < 0.01) cows. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Binary patterning of polar and nonpolar amino acids in the sequences and structures of native proteins

Protein sequences can be represented as binary patterns of polar (○) and nonpolar (•) amino acids. These binary sequence patterns are categorized into two classes: Class A patterns match the structural repeat of an idealized amphiphilic α‐helix (3.6 residues per turn), and class B patterns match the structural repeat of an idealized amphiphilic β‐strand (2 residues per turn). The difference between these two classes of sequence patterns has led to a strategy for de novo protein design based on binary patterning of polar and nonpolar amino acids. Here we ask whether similar binary patterning is incorporated in the sequences and structures of natural proteins. Analysis of the Protein Data Bank demonstrates the following. (1) Class A sequence patterns occur considerably more frequently in the sequences of natural proteins than would be expected at random, but class B patterns occur less often than expected. (2) Each pattern is found predominantly in the secondary structure expected from the binary strategy for protein design. Thus, class A patterns are found more frequently in α‐helices than in β‐strands, and class B patterns are found more frequently in β‐strands than in α‐helices. (3) Among the α‐helices of natural proteins, the most commonly used binary patterns are indeed the class A patterns. (4) Among all β‐strands in the database, the most commonly used binary patterns are not the expected class B patterns. (5) However, for solvent‐exposed β‐strands, the correlation is striking: All β‐strands in the database that contain the class B patterns are exposed to solvent. (6) The bias of class A patterns for α‐structure over β‐structure and the bias of class B patterns for β‐structure over α‐structure are significant, not merely when compared to other binary patterns of polar (○) and nonpolar (•) amino acids, but also when compared to the full range of sequences in the database. The implications for the design of novel proteins are discussed.
Characterization of mutations induced by ethyl methanesulfonate, UV, and trimethylpsoralen in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.

The genome project of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is completed. It is important and useful to disrupt nematode genes to know their function. We treated wild-type animals with potential candidates for mutagens for reverse genetics, EMS (ethyl methanesulfonate), short-wavelength UV, and long-wavelength UV in the presence of TMP (trimethylpsoralen). We estimated forward mutation rates by counting the occurrence of a marker unc-22 mutation. We found that the forward mutation rate by TMP/UV could be comparable with EMS by improving the frequency one order higher than before. We next isolated mutants of another marker gene ben-1 and examined the probability for the deletion mutations by PCR and sequencing. Deletion mutations were found only by TMP/UV method, which suggested TMP/UV is the choice for deletion mutagenesis among these methods. As a pilot experiment, we could isolate actual deletion mutations at a much higher frequency than previously.
Central serotonin activity and aggression: inverse relationship with prolactin response to d-fenfluramine, but not CSF 5-HIAA concentration, in human subjects.

OBJECTIVE This study compared the nature and magnitude of the relationship between aggression and CSF 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) concentration with that between aggression and the prolactin response to d-fenfluramine challenge in human subjects. METHOD The Life History of Aggression assessment scores of 24 subjects with personality disorders were compared with their lumbar CSF 5-HIAA concentrations and with their prolactin responses to d-fenfluramine challenge. RESULTS Aggression was significantly and inversely correlated with prolactin responses to d-fenfluramine challenge but not with lumbar CSF 5-HIAA concentrations in these subjects. CONCLUSIONS Prolactin response to d-fenfluramine may be more sensitive than lumbar CSF 5-HIAA concentration in detecting a relationship between aggression and central serotonin activity in noncriminally violent human subjects.
The Distribution of Cells Containing Estrogen Receptor-α (ERα) and ERβ Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in the Preoptic Area and Hypothalamus of the Sheep: Comparison of Males and Females.

We have used in situ hybridization to compare the distributions of estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and ERbeta messenger RNA (mRNA)-containing cells in the preoptic area and hypothalamus of ewes and rams. Perfusion-fixed brain tissue was collected from luteal phase ewes and intact rams (n = 4) during the breeding season. Matched pairs of sections were hybridized with sheep-specific, 35S-labeled riboprobes, and semiquantitative image analysis was performed on emulsion-dipped slides. A number of sex differences were observed, with females having a greater density of labeled cells than males (P < 0.001) and a greater number of silver grains per cell (P < 0.01) in the ventromedial nucleus for both ER subtypes. In addition, in the retrochiasmatic area, males had a greater (P < 0.05) cell density for ERalpha mRNA-containing cells than females, whereas in the paraventricular nucleus, females had a greater density (P < 0.05) of ERalpha mRNA-containing cells than males. There was a trend (P = 0.068) in the arcuate nucleus for males to have a greater number of silver grains per cell labeled for ERalpha mRNA. In both sexes, there was considerable overlap in the distributions of ERalpha and ERbeta mRNA-containing cells, but the density of labeled cells within each nucleus differed in a number of instances. Nuclei that contained a higher (P < 0.001) density of ERalpha than ERbeta mRNA-containing cells included the preoptic area, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and ventromedial nucleus, whereas the subfornical organ (P < 0.001), paraventricular nucleus (males only, P < 0.05), and retrochiasmatic nucleus (females only, P < 0.05) had a greater density of ERalpha than ERbeta mRNA-containing cells. The anterior hypothalamic area and supraoptic nucleus had similar densities of cells containing both ER subtypes. The lateral septum and arcuate nucleus contained only ERalpha, whereas only ERbeta mRNA-containing cells were seen in the zona incerta. The sex differences in the populations of ER mRNA-containing cells in the ventromedial and arcuate nuclei may explain in part the sex differences in the neuroendocrine and behavioral responses to localized estrogen treatment in these nuclei. Within sexes, the differences between the distributions of ERalpha and ERbeta mRNA-containing cells may reflect differential regulation of the actions of estrogen in the sheep hypothalamus. Low levels of ERbeta mRNA in the preoptic area and ventromedial and arcuate nuclei, regions known to be important for the regulation of reproduction, suggest that ERbeta may not be involved in these functions.
Designing A Low-Latency Cuckoo Hash Table for Write-Intensive Workloads Using RDMA

In this paper, we present Nessie, a low-latency cuckoo hash table design that uses only one-sided RDMA operations to perform read and write requests. Nessie makes use of a self-verifying data-structure to handle reads that occur in parallel to writes, and atomic RDMA compare-and-swap operations to apply multiple operations with at most one data modification as a single atomic unit without explicit locking. In order to perform key migration, a relatively common housekeeping operation in cuckoo hash tables, using only one-sided RDMA operations, a Nessie client inserts an incomplete data entry that can be overwritten but not read, allowing it to reveal the entry only after the key migration succeeds. We analytically show that, with a reasonable hash table load factor, Nessie has lower latency than a single TCP roundtrip time and can complete write requests in less than 25 microseconds. Finally, we propose extending RDMA to support Remote Hardware Transactional Memory and outline how it can be used to greatly simplify Nessie’s design.
Applied linear discriminant analysis and artificial neural network for sorting dried figs based on texture properties

Dried figs are one of the horticultural products that require sorting in the postharvest stage in order to be presented to the market. In Iran, figs are graded manually by professional workers or automatically by mechanical machines. This paper presents a new algorithm based on machine vision technology applicable to be installed in the fig sorting machines. In the presented methodology, image texture properties of figs are extracted by an image processing algorithm. Some features selected by stepwise linear discriminant analysis were introduced as the superior ones for discriminating different classes of dried figs. Among the ten features, discriminant analysis selected six. The selected texture features were fed to artificial neural networks in order to implement the classification process. The image processing assisted neural networks methodology showed promising result as the total sorting accuracy was 100%.
Identifying the Basis for Segmenting Higher Education: Evidence from Egypt

This paper reviews the developments taking place in the Higher Education (HE) industry. The focus of the research is to identify the main variables used to segment universities in Egypt. The research is qualitative in nature as the dimensions for segmentation were derived based on a series of in-depth interviews followed by two focus groups. Perceived quality and level of internationalization were found to be the two most important dimensions for classifying HE institutions in Egypt. These two dimensions formed the basis of a two-by-two matrix, which was used to segment HE universities into four main segments. The four HE segments that were identified are: legacy, prestigious, imitators, and the uncertain. Each quadrant was identified based on the level of perceived quality and the degree of internationalization. The matrix is useful for universitiesâ€™ administrators to identify their current position and assess their future positioning strategies.
enCOMPASS — An integrative approach to behavioural change for energy saving

This paper presents the research objectives of the enCOMPASS project, which aims at implementing and validating an integrated socio-technical approach to behavioural change for energy saving. To this end, innovative user-friendly digital tools will be developed to 1) make energy data consumption available and understandable for different types of users and stakeholders (household residents, office employees, school pupils, building managers, utilities, ICT providers) and to 2) empower them to collaborate in order to achieve energy savings and manage their energy needs in efficient, cost-effective and comfort-preserving ways. The project will demonstrate how this can be achieved with a novel approach that integrates user-centered visualisation of energy data from smart sensors and user-generated information with context-aware collaborative recommendations for energy saving, intelligent control and adaptive gamified incentives enabling effective and sustained behavioural change.
Varenicline use in patients with mental illness: an update of the evidence

Importance of the field: Patients with a psychiatric diagnosis have a higher prevalence of smoking compared to the general population. Varenicline is a first-line pharmacotherapy option to assist in smoking cessation. Clinical trials during drug development excluded patients with active psychiatric illnesses leaving the risks associated with varenicline use in this patient population unknown. Areas covered in this review: Literature published in English up to December 2009 were identified and include neuropsychiatric adverse drug events reported in pre-marketing trials and post-marketing surveillance, varenicline case reports, evidence surrounding the use of varenicline in patients with psychiatric diagnoses, and varenicline and suicidality. What the reader will gain: Although the risk of potential neuropsychiatric events is evident through voluntary reporting systems and reported cases in the literature, multiple studies and case reports support the use of varenicline in the mental health population. Reviewing the literature will enable clinicians to optimize patient care by weighing the risks and benefits associated with varenicline use against the risk of continued smoking. Take home message: Cautious treatment initiation, patient education, and close follow-up, monitoring for mood and behavior changes during therapy are recommended, especially in the psychiatric setting.
Singular curves in the joint space and cusp points of 3-RPR parallel manipulators

SUMMARY This paper investigates the singular curves in the joint space of a family of planar parallel manipulators. It focuses on special points, referred to as cusp points, which may appear on these curves. Cusp points play an important role in the kinematic behavior of parallel manipulators since they make possible a nonsingular change of assembly mode. The purpose of this study is twofold. First, it exposes a method to compute joint space singular curves of 3-RPR planar parallel manipulators. Second, it presents an algorithm for detecting and computing all cusp points in the joint space of these same manipulators.
Mechanism of Regulation of bcl-2 mRNA by Nucleolin and A+U-rich Element-binding Factor 1 (AUF1)*

The antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein is overexpressed in a variety of cancers, particularly leukemias. In some cell types this is the result of enhanced stability of bcl-2 mRNA, which is controlled by elements in its 3′-untranslated region. Nucleolin is one of the proteins that binds to bcl-2 mRNA, thereby increasing its half-life. Here, we examined the site on the bcl-2 3′-untranslated region that is bound by nucleolin as well as the protein binding domains important for bcl-2 mRNA recognition. RNase footprinting and RNA fragment binding assays demonstrated that nucleolin binds to a 40-nucleotide region at the 5′ end of the 136-nucleotide bcl-2 AU-rich element (AREbcl-2). The first two RNA binding domains of nucleolin were sufficient for high affinity binding to AREbcl-2. In RNA decay assays, AREbcl-2 transcripts were protected from exosomal decay by the addition of nucleolin. AUF1 has been shown to recruit the exosome to mRNAs. When MV-4-11 cell extracts were immunodepleted of AUF1, the rate of decay of AREbcl-2 transcripts was reduced, indicating that nucleolin and AUF1 have opposing roles in bcl-2 mRNA turnover. When the function of nucleolin in MV-4-11 cells was impaired by treatment with the nucleolin-targeting aptamer AS1411, association of AUF1 with bcl-2 mRNA was increased. This suggests that the degradation of bcl-2 mRNA induced by AS1411 results from both interference with nucleolin protection of bcl-2 mRNA and recruitment of the exosome by AUF1. Based on our findings, we propose a model that illustrates the opposing roles of nucleolin and AUF1 in regulating bcl-2 mRNA stability.