Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A mixed-methods study to identify factors associated with MenACWY vaccine uptake, barriers and motivations towards vaccination among undergraduate students

Background: In response to an outbreak of severe meningococcal disease caused by serogroup W, the UK introduced the meningococcal ACWY (MenACWY) for adolescents and new university students as a control measure. Objective: To estimate MenACWY vaccine uptake and identify factors associated with uptake, barriers and motivations towards vaccination among university students. Design: Mixed methods including a cross-sectional survey, 7 interviews and 1 focus group. Setting: A Scottish university between April and May 2016. Methods: Inclusion criteria were <25 years and attending university for the first time (MenACWY eligible). All first-year undergraduates (n = 5,808) were invited to take part in the survey via email, and qualitative participants were recruited through the survey. The final sample consisted of 768 students, representing 13% (768/5,808) of the target population. Results: MenACWY uptake among the sample was 71.5% (549/768). Older students (22–24 years) were less likely than younger students (18 years) to have been vaccinated [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.21; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.06–0.77], and male students were less likely to be vaccinated than female students (aOR = 0.667; 95% CI = 0.45–0.96). In comparison to international students, domestic students had a significantly higher odds of vaccination (aOR = 3.89; 95% CI = 2.64–5.72). Communication barriers were most frequently identified as reasons for non-vaccination. Most vaccination occurred before starting university (76.7%, 421/549), highlighting access barriers. Meningococcal disease knowledge was low; a significant association (p < 0.001) was found between knowledge and vaccination uptake. Some participants were unaware of their vaccination history. They perceived meningococcal disease as severe, but disease risk as low. Key motivations were knowledge of the benefits of vaccines, influence of others and social responsibility. Conclusion: Students outside main UK-based, core age cohorts were under-immunised and focused efforts are needed to improve vaccination rates. Future student vaccination programmes could focus on raising awareness of the serious implications of meningococcal disease. Additional benefit may be gained from emphasising the benefits of vaccinations for society as a whole.
Morphology, genome organization, transcription and replication of rhabdoviruses

Rhabdoviruses have large enveloped virions with bullet-shaped or bacilliform morphology. They are composed of an infectious nucleocapsid enveloped by a host-derived lipid membrane containing glycoprotein spikes. Their genomes consist of a non-segmented, negative-sense ssRNA which encodes at least five structural proteins. The replication cycle of all rhabdoviruses involves the same general steps. Following cell entry and uncoating, the nucleocapsid that contains all the components necessary for early transcription is released into the cytoplasm of the infected cell. The different viral genes are transcribed and proteins translated, followed by genome replication, encapsidation and budding from cell membranes.
Pain Management by a Combination of Tramadol, Haloperidol and Carbamazepine in Iraqi Burn Patients

Objectives: To study the effectiveness of the drug combination of haloperidol, carbamazepine, and tramadol for pain management in burn patients during a daily change of dressing for the first seven days of hospitalization. Patients and methods: Study was done on 30 burn patients (aged: 12-45 years) who were admitted to the burn specialist hospital, Medical city complex in Baghdad, Iraq from February 2016 to June 2016. In this study, we depended on using carbamazepine (given orally in a dose of 100- 200 mg twice per day) with haloperidol (0.05-0.15 mg/kg orally once daily) and tramadol (300 mg to 400 mg continues infusion for 12 hours). During the study, the pain was monitored by using a pain scale for adults and children, and behavior of patients was monitored by using an observational pain assessment scale. Vital parameters like pulse rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, duration of sleep for each patient were recorded on the first day of treatment with these drugs up till the seventh day. Results: Systolic and diastolic BP dropped by (95%CI: 9-21 mmHg; 4-13 mmHg respectively) and heart rate dropped by (95%CI: 25 to 37 b/min); duration of sleep increased to 6-7 hours per day in 19 patients (95%CI: 0.45-0.81). The median total pain score of 30 burn patients dropped from 9 to 1 over seven days; and 18 of 30 patients (95% CI: 0.4-0.75) became more calm, cooperative, relaxed, normal tone, no crying, and no negative response to wound touching. Conclusions: Tramadol infusion, oral haloperidol, and oral carbamazepine combination are effective in managing pain in burn patients.
Impact of Basal Plane Selection on the Evaluation of Cardiac Performance Parameters with Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients with Corrected Tetralogy of Fallot: A Systematic Approach

Background: Assessment of cardiac performance parameters in patients with corrected tetralogy of Fallot with cardiac MRI short axis method compromises critical elements including papillary muscles, determination of end-diastolic and end-systolic cardiac phase, and furthermore, selection of the basal plane. Objectives: The study purpose was to evaluate the impact of basal plane selection on resulting cardiac performance parameters in cardiac MRI. Patients and Methods: Cardiac MRI examinations of 26 patients (mean-age: 20.7 years ± 7.8) with corrected tetralogy of Fallot were analyzed retrospectively. In post-processing, selection of end-diastolic and end-systolic phase was performed manually by visual determination of largest/smallest ventricular cavities. End-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, and stroke volume were then calculated for both ventricles. Afterward, initially selected basal planes were systematically varied by one slice, and resulting volumes were compared. This retrospective study was conducted under approval of the institutional review board without patient
Short commentary on the imaging spectrum of pulmonary tuberculosis: a critical appraisal

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is currently one of the most important infection related morbidity and mortality causes in the world. The differential diagnosis between TB and some others pathologic conditions is an emerging problem, as pulmonary TB may easily show etherogenous aspects. Differential diagnosis can be particularly challenging when TB mimicks sarcoidosis, lymphoma and pulmonary neoplasms.
Prognostic value of hyponatremia in critically ill children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit

Background: Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disturbance in critically ill children. Although hyponatremia in hospitalized children is associated with adverse outcomes, the risk can be reduced by early diagnosis and intervention. Objective: The objective of this study is to identify the outcome of hyponatremia in critically ill children seeking emergency care in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Methods: Demographic data, detailed history, systemic examinations, and routine blood and urine investigations were conducted if required for 100 critically ill children aged 1 month
Evaluation of maxillary sinus expansion in children due to maxillary first molar extraction

Purpose: This study is aimed at understanding the effects of maxillary first molar extraction on the expansion of maxillary sinus in children. Subjects and methods: 119 patients (aged 11-17 years) who had only one extracted maxillary first molar were included in the study. The superoinferior differences of the sinus floor position were measured in both dentate and edentulous sites on panoramic radiographs. The expansion of the maxillary sinus after maxillary first molar extraction was investigated in relation to fixed anatomic structures. The interorbital line (IL) and two zygomatic process lines (IZ) were used as a reference. The vertical distances between the IL and the inferior border of the maxillary sinus (IS) in edentulous (ISX) and in dentate sites (IST) were measured. The data was analyzed statistically. Results: The amount of maxillary sinus expansion in ISX was statistically significant in comparison to IST (p<0.001). The most prominent sinus expansions were found in subjects with extractions over six months prior to analysis (p<0.001). A negative correlation was detected between the amount of maxillary sinus expansion and IST (r = -0.438, p<0.001). There was a positive correlation between the amount of maxillary sinus expansion and IZT (r = 23.8, p<0.009). Conclusion: This study showed that the extraction of one maxillary first molar resulted in a negligible amount of sinus expansion in children. The results could be attributed to there being only one tooth extraction and a transferring of functional forces to the area of the neighboring teeth.
Resistencia a la meticilina y producción de biopelícula en aislamientos clínicos de Staphylococcus aureus y Staphylococcus coagulasa negativa en México

Resumen Introducción. Las infecciones por Staphylococcus aureus y Staphylococcus coagulasa negativa multirresistentes a los antibióticos y asociadas con la atención en salud tienen un gran impacto epidemiológico por su alta morbimortalidad; además, se han relacionado con la formación de biopelículas, lo cual también se asocia con la resistencia a los antimicrobianos. Objetivo. Determinar la resistencia a la meticilina y cuantificar la producción de biopelículas para establecer su posible relación con los aislamientos clínicos de S. aureus y Staphylococcus coagulasa negativa. Materiales y métodos. Se estudiaron 11 cepas de S. aureus y 12 de Staphylococcus coagulasa negativa. La resistencia a la meticilina se determinó con discos de cefoxitina tomando como valores de referencia los estándares del Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) de 2018. La producción de biopelícula se cuantificó con cristal violeta. Los genes mecA e icaADBC se identificaron mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR), y se hizo un análisis bivariado con la prueba de ji al cuadrado y el coeficiente V de Cramér, utilizando el programa SPSS™, versión 20.0. Resultados. Nueve cepas de S. aureus fueron resistentes a la meticilina (SARM) y dos fueron sensibles. Ocho cepas de Staphylococcus coagulasa negativa fueron resistentes y cuatro fueron sensibles. El genotipo mecA se encontró en ocho de las nueve cepas de S. aureus y en seis de las ocho de Staphylococcus coagulasa negativa resistentes a meticilina. Todas las cepas formaron biopelícula. Diez cepas de S. aureus y 11 de Staphylococcus coagulasa negativa presentaron el genotipo icaADCB. No se encontró asociación entre la resistencia a meticilina y la formación de biopelícula. Conclusiones. La cefoxitina es suficiente para determinar el fenotipo resistente a meticilina y se asoció con el genotipo mecA. Las cepas resistentes a la meticilina y poseedoras del gen mecA pueden presentar un mecanismo de resistencia alterno. Los dos grupos de cepas formadoras de biopelícula se relacionaron con la presencia del operón icaADCB. La formación de biopelícula y la resistencia a la meticilina se expresaron como características independientes en los dos grupos de cepas.
Legal aspects of transplantation in India

The shortage of organ donors for patients with end-stage organ diseases requiring transplant is a global problem. This led to organ trafficking with exploitation of poor people who were made to sell their organs. To address the issue of organ trafficking and to ensure fair allocation of organs from cadaver donors, most countries have passed laws to regulate transplants. In India, the law (THE TRANSPLANTATION OF HUMAN ORGANS ACT, 1994) was passed in 1994 and the rules framed in 1995. The most important aspect of the Act was that it legalized brain-stem death as death allowing organs to be retrieved from brain-stem dead patients. Other important aspects of the Act include the following: (1) regulation of removal of organ/s for transplantation from cadaver donors, (2) regulation of removal of organ from living donors, (3) regulation of hospitals, (4) regulation of medical practitioners, and (5) punishment for those flouting the Act. The Act has significantly regulated living and cadaver donor transplant but made the process of obtaining approval for living donor transplant difficult even in genuine-related cases. Swap transplant or paired donation between related pairs is treated as unrelated donor transplant, making the process of obtaining approval very lengthy and tedious. For reasons that cannot be understood, although living unrelated transplant can be performed if there is no commercial dealing, swap transplant between unrelated pairs is not permitted. Punishment is harsh for anyone who contravenes any provision of the Act and unfortunately, transplant team doctors are made liable in most cases.
A Polymorphic Autoregulatory Hormone Response Element in the Human Estrogen-related Receptor α (ERRα) Promoter Dictates Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ Coactivator-1α Control of ERRα Expression*

The orphan nuclear estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) and transcriptional cofactor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) are involved in the regulation of energy metabolism. Recently, extensive cross-talk between PGC-1α and ERRα has been demonstrated. The presence of PGC-1α is associated with an elevated expression of ERRα, and the two proteins can influence the transcriptional activities of one another. Using a candidate gene approach to detect regulatory variants within genes encoding nuclear receptors, we have identified a 23-bp sequence (ESRRA23) containing two nuclear receptor recognition half-site motifs that is present in 1–4 copies within the promoter of the human ESRRA gene encoding ERRα. The ESRRA23 sequence contains a functional ERR response element that is specifically bound by ERRα, and chromatin immunoprecipitation shows that endogenous ERRα occupies its own promoter in vivo. Strikingly, introduction of PGC-1α in HeLa cells by transient transfection induces the activity of the ESRRA promoter in a manner that is dependent on the presence of the ESRRA23 element and on its dosage. Coexpression of ERRα and PGC-1α results in a synergistic activation of the ESRRA promoter. In experiments using ERRα null fibroblasts, the ability of PGC-1α to stimulate the ESRRA promoter is considerably reduced but can be restored by addition of ERRα. Taken together, these results demonstrate that an interdependent ERRα/PGC-1α-based transcriptional pathway targets the ESRRA23 element to dictate the level of ERRα expression. This study further suggests that this regulatory polymorphism may provide differential responses to ERRα/PGC-1α-mediated metabolic cues in the human population.
ADAM10 overexpression dysregulates Notch signaling in favor of myeloid derived suppressor cell (MDSC) accumulation that deferentially modulates the host response depending on immune stimuli and interaction with mast cells.

ADAM10 dysregulates Notch signaling in favor of myeloid derived suppressor cell accumulation (MDSC) that deferentially modulates the host response depending on immune stimuli and interaction with mast cells. By Sheinei J. Saleem, PhD A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2013 Director: Daniel H. Conrad, Professor, Department of Microbiology and Immunology Although the physiological consequences of Notch signaling in hematopoiesis have been extensively studied, the differential effects of individual notch cleavage products remain to be elucidated. Given that a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) is a critical regulator of Notch and that its deletion is embryonically lethal, we generated transgenic mice that overexpress ADAM10 at early stages of lymphoid and myeloid development (A10Tg). ADAM10 transgene expression alters hematopoiesis post-hematopoietic LineageSca-1c-kit (LSK) subset differentiation but prior to lineage commitment of progenitor populations. This results in delayed T cell development, abrogated B2 cell development, and dramatic expansion of functionally active myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in A10Tg mice. Given ADAM10’s role in Notch signaling, we hypothesized that the observed hematopoietic alterations may be a consequence of perturbed Notch signaling. In fact, blockade of ADAM10 (S2) rescues B cell development and reduces myeloid cells in A10Tg LSKs. Inhibition of γ-secretase (S3) in wild type (WT) LSKs results in enhanced myelopoiesis, mimicking the
Should Stroke Subtype Influence Anticoagulation Decisions to Prevent Recurrence in Stroke Patients With Atrial Fibrillation

Background and Purpose— Long-term anticoagulation is routinely used for secondary stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation, often regardless of stroke subtype. Although the role of warfarin in cardioembolic stroke is established, it may not prevent recurrence in other stroke subtypes, even in the presence of atrial fibrillation. Methods— This was a 2-year, prospective, intervention study conducted in a district general hospital. Participants included 386 acute stroke patients with atrial fibrillation. Subjects were characterized for stroke subtype on clinical, neuroimaging, carotid ultrasonographic, and echocardiographic criteria. Eligible patients were treated with adjusted-dose warfarin (international normalized ratio, 2.0 to 3.0). Aspirin (75 to 300 mg/d) was used in patients with contraindications or those who refused anticoagulation. The main outcome measures were rate of recurrent stroke by subtype and major and minor bleeding complications. Results— The aspirin group (n=172) was comparable to the w.
Role of protist grazing in the Oregon upwelling system

approved: Timothy J. 'Co les Phagotrophic protists play a major role in the trophic interactions of the oceans but virtually nothing is known about their quantitative importance in coastal upwelling regions. I investigated the role of phagotrophic protists in the Oregon upwelling system over a two year period. Off Oregon, coastal upwelling occurs predominantly during the summer months as episodic upwelling events that give rise to phytoplankton blooms. Abundance of phagotrophic protists, grouped into ciliates, dinoflagellates (thecate and gymnodinoid forms) and heterotrophic nanoflagellates was lowest in freshly upwelled water and highest during the late stages of phytoplankton blooms. Generally, dinoflagellates were most abundant during the upwelling season and ciliates were most conspicuous during the winter months. Protist grazing rates were measured applying the seawater dilution method and ranged from 0.18 to 0.5 d1 during phytoplankton bloom periods in the upwelling season. This is Redacted for privacy equivalent to a grazing impact of 26 to 50% of potential primary production. During the non-upwelung season, grazing rates ranged from 0 to 0.16 d-1 (0 to 82% of potential primary production). A method was developed to determine rates of uptake and regeneration based on the dilution technique. Ammonium uptake and regeneration rates were tightly linked and ranged from 0.5 to 3 p.mol ld-1 and 0.2 to 2.9 p.mol I-i d-1, respectively. Grazing was closely coupled with ammonium regeneration, illustrating the importance of protists grazing as source of regenerated nutrients. To assess cell specific clearance rates and food selectivity of ciliates and dinoflageUates, I applied a dual-label isotope method in which 14C-bicarbonate and tritiated thymidine were used to label phototrophic and heterotrophic food sources. Giliates had the highest specific clearance rate on heterotrophic food sources with an average of 6.6 x 1 O (body volumes) h1. Gymnodinoids had the highest specific clearance on phototrophic food sources (average of 2.1 x 1O (body volumes) h-I). Ciliates showed a high degree of specialization for either phototrophic or heterotroph ic food sources, whereas dinoflageltates selected phototrophic food. Estimates of community clearance rates indicated that gymnodinoids were the major grazers on both phototrophic and heterotrophic food sources. Role of Protist Grazing in the Oregon Upwelling System
Optimizing Macronutrients in People with Diabetes

Abstract Diverse dietary practices and nutritional counseling strategies are followed in the management of diabetes and its comorbidities. The dietary approaches practiced in India make use of calorie and nutrient counting to ensure patient-centered nutrition therapy in diabetes management. Macronutrient modulation is a central pillar of patient-centered medical nutrition therapy (MNT). Carbohydrates (CHO) are considered as the predominant macronutrient affecting postprandial blood glucose levels. The insulin-to-CHO ratio is used for calculating mealtime insulin doses among patients on insulin regimen. The aim of this article is to highlight challenges faced in planning MNT, modifying recommended dietary allowances for persons with diabetes, and suggesting solutions to overcome these. It also aims to understand the requirement of individual macronutrients and their impact on glycemia as well as insulin dose adjustment.
Recent advances in 2D electrophoresis: an array

2D electrophoresis is currently the most widespread technique used for performing functional proteomics (i.e., the large-scale analysis of alterations in protein expression levels). Nevertheless, several limitations inherent to this technology have restricted the full potential of this protein differential display methodology for years. This has even led to the abandonment of 2D electrophoresis by several groups that switched to performing gel-free functional proteomics analyses based on liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Meanwhile, important recent advances in 2D electrophoresis, such as the introduction of fluorescent 2D difference gel electrophoresis and numerous protein prefractionation techniques, have thoroughly modernized 2D electrophoresis, making it again one of the preferred methods for the analysis of protein expression differences in many laboratories.
Infecção latente por Mycobacterium tuberculosis entre estudantes de enfermagem de uma universidade pública do Brasil

Justificativa e Objetivos: analisar a prevalencia da prova tuberculinica positiva em estudantes de enfermagem de uma instituicao publica de ensino superior. Metodos: estudo de delineamento transversal analitico em que foi utilizado um questionario de caracterizacao socioeducacional e, apos o preenchimento do mesmo, os participantes (n=63) foram submetidos a prova tuberculinica, usando-se a tecnica de Mantoux. Resultados: 36% dos participantes apresentaram reacao positiva e que ha associacao estatisticamente significativa entre o semestre cursado pelos estudantes, o estagio em hospitais e a positividade para a prova tuberculinica. Conclusao: comprovou-se a alta prevalencia de infeccao latente da tuberculose em estudantes de enfermagem e associacao significativa entre a prova tuberculinica positiva e o periodo cursado pelos estudantes.