Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inconsistent response of soil bacterial and fungal communities in aggregates to litter decomposition during short-term incubation

Background Soil aggregate-size classes and microbial communities within the aggregates are important factors regulating the soil organic carbon (SOC) turnover. However, the response of soil bacterial and fungal communities in aggregates to litter decomposition in different aggregate-size classes is poorly understand. Methods Soil samples from un-grazed natural grassland were separated into four dry aggregate classes of different sizes (2–4 mm, 1–2 mm, 0.25–1 mm and <0.25 mm). Two types of plant litter (leaf and stem) of Leymus chinensis were added to each of the four aggregate class samples. The CO2 release rate, SOC storage and soil microbial communities were measured at the end of the 56-day incubation. Results The results showed that the 1–2 mm aggregate had the highest bacterial Shannon and CO2 release in CK and leaf addition treatments, and the SOC in the <0.25 mm aggregate was higher than that in the others across the treatments. The relative abundance of Ascomycota was higher in the 2–4 mm and <0.25 mm aggregates than in the 1–2 mm and 0.25–1 mm aggregates in the treatment without litter addition, and the relative abundance of Aphelidiomycota was lower in the 2–4 mm and <0.25 mm aggregates than in the 1–2 mm and 0.25–1 mm aggregates. Also, litter addition increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, but decreased the relative abundance of Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Actinobacteria. The relative abundance of Ascomycota and Aphelidiomycota increased by more than 10% following leaf litter addition. The bacterial Shannon index had a significantly positive and direct effect on SOC concentration and CO2 release, while the fungal Shannon index was significantly correlated with SOC concentration. Our results indicate that the soil bacterial diversity contributes positively to both carbon emissions and carbon storage, whereas soil fungal diversity can promote carbon storage and decrease carbon emissions.
IPO Lockup Expiration and Share Price Effect in Malaysian Market

This paper examines the effect of IPO lockup expiration on share prices for the period of 21 days surrounding the event date. The sample consists of 292 IPOs listed on Bursa Malaysia between May 2003 and December 2012.Lockup in Malaysia is mandatory as opposed to voluntary where it is negotiated between firms and underwriters. Using the market model event study method, the result shows a significant negative abnormal return at the expiration of the lockup period. Thus, the study provides evidence that contradicts the semi-strong form of the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH). According to EMH, the expiration of the lockup period which is public knowledge should not be accompanied with a significant abnormal return. In addition, there is insignificant difference in cumulative abnormal returns at the expiration of lockup period between the Main Market and the ACE Market for the first stage lockup expiry.
Labor patterns in Chinese women in Fuzhou attempting vaginal birth after previous cesarean delivery: a retrospective cohort study

Objective To investigate the characteristics of labor in Chinese women who successfully have vaginal birth after cesarean section (VBAC). Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a hospital with 1000 beds between January 1 2015 and December 31 2017. A total 657 parturients with VBAC were selected. Women were divided into two groups according to previous cesarean section with or without trial of labor. Labor curves were analyzed and interval-censored regression was used to estimate the duration of labor. Results The 95th percentile for the first stage of labor in VBAC was 13.03 hours, and labor accelerated after 4 cm of cervical dilation in both groups. The dilation rate in the trial of labor group was superior to that in the non-trial of labor group at 6–10 cm of dilation. After 6 cm, labor accelerated much faster in the trial of labor group than in the non-trial of labor group. Conclusions Management of labor in parturients with VBAC whose cervical dilation is >6 cm should be treated differently according to previous cesarean section with or without trial of labor. If there is trial of labor in a previous delivery, the duration of labor should be shortened.
Association between Use of Nutritional Labeling and the Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components

In this study, we looked into the association between the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and nutritional label awareness. This study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES) for the years 2007 to 2015. The study population consisted of a total of 41,667 Koreans of which 11,401 (27.4%) were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome and 30,266 (72.6%) were not. Groups not using nutritional labeling had a 24% increase in odds risk (OR: 1.24, 95% CI 1.14–1.35) of MetS compared to groups using nutritional labeling. Use of nutritional labeling was associated with all components of MetS. Central obesity showed the highest increase in odds risk (OR: 1.23, 95% CI 1.13–1.35) and high blood pressure showed the lowest increase in odds risk (OR: 1.11, 95% CI 1.02–1.20). Subgroup analysis revealed that statistically significant factors were smoking status, drinking status and stress status. Groups that smoke, groups that do not drink and groups with high stress were more vulnerable to MetS when not using nutritional labeling. People not using food labels tends to develop metabolic syndromes more than people using foods labels. In the subgroup analysis, drinking status, smoking status and stress status were significant factors.
Adaptation, phylogeny, and covariance in milk macronutrient composition

Background Milk is a complicated chemical mixture often studied through macronutrient concentrations of fat, protein, and sugar. There is a long-standing natural history tradition describing interspecific diversity in these concentrations. However, recent work has shown little influence of ecological or life history variables on them, aside from maternal diet effects, along with a strong phylogenetic signal. Methods I used multivariate phylogenetic comparative methods to revisit the ecological and life history correlates of milk macronutrient composition and elaborate on the nature of the phylogenetic signal using the phylogenetic mixed model. I also identified clades with distinctive milks through nonparametric tests (KSI) and PhylogeneticEM evolutionary modeling. Results In addition to the previously reported diet effects, I found increasingly aquatic mammals have milk that this is lower in sugar and higher in fat. Phylogenteic heritabilities for each concentration were high and phylogenetic correlations were moderate to strong indicating coevolution among the concentrations. Primates and pinnipeds had the most outstanding milks according to KSI and PhylogeneticEM, with perissodactyls and marsupials as other noteworthy clades with distinct selection regimes. Discussion Mammalian milks are diverse but often characteristic of certain higher taxa. This complicates identifying the ecological and life history correlates of milk composition using common phylogenetic comparative methods because those traits are also conservative and clade-specific. Novel methods, careful assessment of data quality and hypotheses, and a “phylogenetic natural history” perspective provide alternatives to these traditional tools.
Valvular calcification and risk of peripheral artery disease: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

AIMS The detection of cardiac valvular calcification on routine imaging may provide an opportunity to identify individuals at increased risk for peripheral artery disease (PAD). We investigated the associations of aortic valvular calcification (AVC) and mitral annular calcification (MAC) with risk of developing clinical PAD or a low ankle-brachial index (ABI). METHODS AND RESULTS AVC and MAC were measured on cardiac computed tomography in 6778 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants without baseline PAD between 2000 and 2002. Clinical PAD was ascertained through 2015. Incident low ABI, defined as ABI <0.9 and decline of ≥0.15, was assessed among 5762 individuals who had an ABI >0.9 at baseline and at least one follow-up ABI measurement 3-10 years later. Adjusted Cox proportional hazards and Poisson regression modelling were used to determine the association of valvular calcification with clinical PAD and low ABI, respectively. There were 117 clinical PAD and 198 low ABI events that occurred over a median follow-up of 14 years and 9.2 years, respectively. The presence of MAC was associated with an increased risk of clinical PAD [hazard ratio 1.79; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-3.05] but not a low ABI (rate ratio 1.28; 95% CI 0.75-2.19). No significant associations were noted for the presence of AVC and risk of either clinical PAD. CONCLUSION MAC is associated with an increased risk of developing clinical PAD. Future studies are needed to corroborate our findings and better understand whether MAC holds any predictive value as a risk marker for PAD.
miRNAs Regulate Cytokine Secretion Induced by Phosphorylated S100A8/A9 in Neutrophils

The release of cytokines by neutrophils constitutes an essential process in the development of inflammation by recruiting and activating additional cells. Neutrophils are also able to secrete a complex of S100A8 and S100A9 proteins (S100A8/A9), which can amplify the general inflammatory state of the host and is involved in the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). S100A8/A9 have received renewed attention due to their susceptibility to several function-altering post-translational modifications. In that context, it has been recently demonstrated that only the phosphorylated form of S100A8/A9 (S100A8/A9-P) is able to induce the secretion of several cytokines in neutrophils. Here, we investigate the mechanism by which this post-translational modification of S100A8/A9 can regulate the extracellular activity of the protein complex and its impact on the inflammatory functions of neutrophils. We found that S100A8/A9-P are present in large amounts in the synovial fluids from RA patients, highlighting the importance of this form of S100A8/A9 complex in the inflammation process. Using miRNA-sequencing on S100A8/A9-P-stimulated differentiated HL-60 cells, we identified a dysregulation of miR-146a-5p and miR-155-5p expression through TRL4 signaling pathways. Our data reveal that overexpression of these miRNAs in neutrophil-like cells reduces S100A8/A9-P-mediated secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Proteostasis in the Endoplasmic Reticulum: Road to Cure

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an interconnected organelle that is responsible for the biosynthesis, folding, maturation, stabilization, and trafficking of transmembrane and secretory proteins. Therefore, cells evolve protein quality-control equipment of the ER to ensure protein homeostasis, also termed proteostasis. However, disruption in the folding capacity of the ER caused by a large variety of pathophysiological insults leads to the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in this organelle, known as ER stress. Upon ER stress, unfolded protein response (UPR) of the ER is activated, integrates ER stress signals, and transduces the integrated signals to relive ER stress, thereby leading to the re-establishment of proteostasis. Intriguingly, severe and persistent ER stress and the subsequently sustained unfolded protein response (UPR) are closely associated with tumor development, angiogenesis, aggressiveness, immunosuppression, and therapeutic response of cancer. Additionally, the UPR interconnects various processes in and around the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, it has begun to be delineated that pharmacologically and genetically manipulating strategies directed to target the UPR of the ER might exhibit positive clinical outcome in cancer. In the present review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the UPR of the ER and the UPR of the ER–mitochondria interconnection. We also highlight new insights into how the UPR of the ER in response to pathophysiological perturbations is implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer. We provide the concept to target the UPR of the ER, eventually discussing the potential of therapeutic interventions for targeting the UPR of the ER for cancer treatment.
Avaliação da utilização de medicamentos na prática clínica em um hospital público

Atraves desta pesquisa, objetivou-se estudar o consumo dos medicamentos em pacientes hospitalizados na clinica medica de um hospital publico na cidade de Campina Grande (PB). O estudo caracterizou-se como descritivo e exploratorio, de carater transversal, com abordagens quali-quantitativas, e foi constituido por uma amostra de 107 pacientes que iniciaram internacao na clinica medica no periodo de agosto de 2007 a julho de 2008. Os 107 pacientes apresentavam 270 diagnosticos ativos, sendo as doencas do aparelho circulatorio as de maior ocorrencia. Dos pacientes, 65,4% eram idosos e 3,33% dos medicamentos prescritos foram considerados improprios para eles. Os pacientes que apresentaram possiveis 107 RAMs totalizaram 43%, com media de 2,32 por paciente; as que afetaram o sistema gastrintestinal dos pacientes foram as identificadas com maior frequencia. Houve 42 interacoes distintas, envolvendo 26 tipos de farmacos. Dessa forma, os resultados podem ser uteis no estimulo ao desenvolvimento de mecanismos de avaliacao de processos que visem reduzir esses riscos, aumentando a chance de resultados terapeuticos positivos e beneficios para os pacientes. Palavras-chave: Utilizacao de medicamentos; Hospital Publico; Farmacoepidemiologia. ABSTRACT Assessment of drugs prescribed to medical in-patientsin a public hospital We studied the consumption of drugs by in-patients in the medical ward of a public hospital in the city of Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. This paper describes a descriptive / exploratory cross-sectional quali-quantitative study of a sample of 107 patients who were admitted to the general medical ward, from August 2007 to July 2008. The 107 patients were diagnosed with 270 active complaints, mainly diseases of the circulatory system. Most of the patients (65.4%) were elderly and 3.33% of drugs prescribed for them are considered unfit for use in the elderly. Many patients (43%) presented 107 possible Adverse Drug Reactions, with an average of 2.32 per patient, those affecting the gastrointestinal system of the patients being identified most frequently. There were 42 different drug interactions, involving 26 types of drug. We hope these results may be useful in stimulating the development of means to assess drug treatment in hospital, so as to reduce these risks and increase the chance of positive outcomes and therapeutic benefits for the patients. Keywords: Drugs utilization; Public Hospital; Pharmacoepidemiology.
Consultants as strategic practitioners: an analysis in the sociological field research of strategy-as-practice

Although management consulting activities have obtained a considerable growth in terms of economic significance in recent years, these results have not been duly followed by a greater number of conceptual and empirical researches in this area. In order to fight the lack of studies on the actual work of management consultants, this article aims at answer to one question that remains open. Are consultants the real experts and the true practitioners of strategy as practice? The results of the empirical analysis in the form of semi-structured interviews and questionnaires given to management consultants and SME managers in Portugal shows that management consulting is founded on a knowledge-intensive base, although consultants cannot be called strategy practitioners as many authors call them. This is illustrated in the model presented in this article, which means this proposition is a new direction in strategic thinking in what the field’s research strategy-as-practice concerns.
Effects of Tectal Grafts on Sound Detection Deficits Induced by Inferior Colliculus Lesions in Hooded Rats

Departments of *Psychology and jPhysiology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA • Abstract — The midbrain inferior colliculus (IC), a ma­ jor integrating center for auditory processing, provides a model for structural, functional, and behavioral recovery. The present study examined the role of IC in spatial sound detection, and the effects of neural transplantation in spar­ ing of behavioral performance. Hooded rats were presented noise bursts at ambient noise levels and 15 dB above this level randomly at one of eight locations in the horizontal plane, and rats were required to suppress licking upon de­ tecting signal presentations. Following training, rats re­ ceived bilateral IC lesions, bilateral lesions followed in 1 wk by bilateral tectal grafts (embryonic Day 18), or were sham operated. During repeated testing 15 to 30 days and 40 to 45 days following surgical procedures, rats with lesions showed impaired detection task performance when com­ pared to grafted or sham animals. Detection ratios were statistically higher for grafted rats than for rats with lesions at repeated testing times. Performance of grafted animals was not statistically separable from the sham control group; however, grafted rats never achieved preoperative detection rates nor rates as high as sham rats. Postmortem implantation of dil crystals unilaterally into grafts demon­ strated fiber labeling in the ipsilateral IC and lateral lem­ niscus, and retrograde labeling of neurons in the remaining host IC and dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus. Combined with results of previous studies, the results of this study suggest that sparing of detection performance for sounds occuring at random spatial locations may be attributable to partial integration of host-graft pathways.
Effects of ginger juice on blood glucose in alloxan induced diabetes mellitus in rats

Objective: To find out the effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale) juice blood glucose in alloxan induced-diabetes mellitus in rats. Methods: This experimental study was done in the Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, in collaboration with the Departments of Pathology, Ibrahim Medical College, Dhaka between January and December 2009. This experimental animal study was divided into two parts, which were Experiment-1 and Experiment-2. Experiment 1 comprises of 12 rats and divided into 2 groups each group having 6 rats. Rats of group-A was non-diabetic normal control group and group-B was fed with ginger (Zingiber officinale) in a dose of 4ml/kg body weight orally through Ryle’s tube. Experiment-2 comprised of 12 rats divided into 2 groups each containing 6 rats labeled as group C, group D. Rats of groups C administered alloxan 150 mg/kg intraperitoneally on the 2nd day of the study. Rats of group D were administered alloxan 150mg /kg intraperitoneally and ginger (4ml/kg of body weight orally) on the 2nd day of the study. Results: The fasting blood glucose level at day 12 in the rats treated with ginger (Zingiber officinale) 4 ml /kg body weight orally daily for 12 days showed reduction in fasting blood glucose level as compared to control group, but not significant, which indicates that ginger has no effect in lowering blood glucose of normal rats. The fasting blood glucose levels at day 12 in the rats of group D (treated with ginger and alloxan) showed highly significant reduction in fasting blood glucose level as compared to diabetic control group (p<0.002). Conclusion: Consumption of ginger produced a significant antihyperglycemic effect in experimentally induced diabetic rats. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/jdmc.v23i1. 22687 J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 23, No.1, April, 2014, Page 14-17
The Development of a Hoof Conformation Assessment for Use in Dairy Goats

Simple Summary In comparison to other species, there are little data evaluating hoof conformation in dairy goats. As poor conformation is associated with an increased risk of hoof lesions and lameness, it is important to be able to accurately and reliably assess hoof conformation. This study developed a reliable hoof conformation assessment for use in dairy goats using hoof photographs. The assessment included both subjective scores and objective measures. High levels of accuracy were achieved when comparing two aspects of the subjective scores against two objective measures. This suggests the subjective scores may be a suitable alternative to the more time-consuming objective measures. Abstract The assessment of hoof conformation is important due to its recognized relationship with the biomechanical functionality of the hoof. Hoof conformation can be assessed using objective measures or subjective scores. However, to date, there are limited data using either method in dairy goats. Therefore, the aims were to (1) develop a reliable method of assessing hoof conformation in dairy goats, and (2) compare two aspects of a subjective assessment against corresponding objective measures as a means of validation. A total of 1035 goats contributed photographs across 16 commercial dairy goat farms. Photographs were taken of the left front and left hind hoof in the lateral and dorsal aspect at five assessments across the goats′ first two lactations. Hoof conformation was assessed using five subjective scores (toe length, heel shape, fetlock shape, claw splay, and claw shape) and two objective measures (toe length ratio and claw splay distance). Following the training of two observers, high levels of inter and intra-reliability were achieved for both the subjective scores (>0.8 weighted kappa) and objective measures (>0.8 Lin′s concordance correlation coefficient). Two aspects of the subjectively assessed ordinal scores were compared with the objective measures with high levels of accuracy (>0.8). This suggests that the subjective scores may be a suitable alternative to more time-consuming objective measures when assessment is completed using photographs.
Mishaps and Errors in Surgery: A New Chapter (Review)

Health providers either a physician or specialized surgeon make mistakes. They may do errors in procedure, interpretation, ignorance or indeed, seldom, and recklessness. Although in every event, a patient may suffer each time whenever a mistake happens. Despite of that event, every point an error transpires, a case may feel. One fails to uphold one profession’s rudimentary oath: “First, do no harm. ” At the cessation be forced to decide to gather all the errors and mistakes made by a dental surgeon or a medical professional and aimed to script it. In this reader, surgeons, health providers and medical professionals can obtain a panel of delegates and article proceeding with the approach of studying from errors moreover should not execute it again and again.
Postural preinspiratory cortical activity, genioglossus activity and fluid shift in awake obstructive sleep apnoea patients

What is the central question of this study? Transition to supine posture induces an inspiratory load associated with cortical activation in awake healthy subjects. Some obstructive sleep apnoea patients exhibit this cortical activity in the sitting position contributing to the arousal‐dependent compensation of their upper airway abnormalities. Does a transition to the supine posture in awake obstructive sleep apnoea patients increase this cortical activity? What is the main finding and its importance? The transition to supine posture induces a reduction in the cortical activity despite evidence of an increase in genioglossus activity, suggesting that genioglossus activation is not driven by cortical activity.