Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classification multi-labels de données de santé médico-économiques

Cet article presente une application de la classification multi-labels pour la prediction des diagnostics secondaires a partir d’un diagnostic primaire connu (et d’informations complementaires) dans les donnees du PMSI(Programme de Medicalisation des Systemes d'Information). Nous commencons, dans cet article, par exposer le contexte de ces travaux et justifier l’application d’une classification multi-labels pour repondre a ce besoin. Une etude bibliographique sur la classification multi-labels est ensuite presentee en mettant l’accent sur les caracteristiques des donnees multi-labels que nous manipulons et les differentes metriques utilisees dans ce domaine pour evaluer la qualite des jeux de donnees. Nous menons ensuite une etude comparative des algorithmes de la litterature appliques au contexte de la prediction de diagnostics afin d'identifier la meilleure strategie a appliquer. Cette etude est composee de trois etapes: (i) caracterisation de la qualite des donnees multi-labels, (ii) releve des experimentations menees sur les differents algorithmes et (iii) comparaison des resultats en s’appuyant sur les metriques de reference.
Effects of Queen Source and Age of Colony on Nosema (Nosema, apis) Spore Load in Honey Bees (Apis mellifera)

Bee colonies are being decimated by new diseases and by older diseases that have become more virulent. Nosema is a disease that contributes to these losses. Many recommendations concerning queen type in the past have focused on honey production. Extension educators need information on how queen source and colony age can be used to manage disease. Results include: bee colonies headed by queens selected for their increased hygienic behavior exhibited reduced nosema spore loads. This effect lasted during the early spring and was not detected at a later date. Older, over-wintered, hives exhibited higher spore loads than newly made colonies.
Effects of Elevated pCO2 and Irradiance on Growth, Photosynthesis and Calcification in Halimeda discoidea

: Ocean acidification (OA) effects on photophysiology and calcification were examined in Halimeda discoidea , a calcifying macroalga that produces tropical reef sediments. Photosynthetic parameters, including maximum photosynthetic rate (P max ), photosynthetic efficiency ( α ) and compensating irradiance (I c ) were determined in short-term assays on live thalli after a 10 d exposure to 4 levels of CO 2 partial pressures (p CO 2 ; 491, 653, 982 and 1201 µatm) under satura ting (300 µmol photons m −2 s −1 ) and sub-saturating (90 µmol photons m −2 s −1 ) irradiance in an aquaria study. Morphology of aragonite crystals produced in segments formed on adult thalli was charac-terized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Further, we examined crystal morphology and changes in inorganic content of non-living segments exposed to elevated (1201 µatm) and ambient p CO 2 for 27 d to assess OA effects on carbonate sediments generated from H. discoidea . Even though P max was higher under elevated p CO 2 , this photophysiological response did not result in higher calcification rates. Based on crystal measurements and SEM imagery, aragonite crystals within new segments were indistinguishable across p CO 2 and irradiance treatments. Under high irradiance, new segments showed a greater investment in organic versus inorganic production. Non-living segments contained narrower crystals after 27 d exposure to elevated p CO 2 relative to controls, but differences were small (0.03 µm) and did not contribute significantly to changes in normalized biomass or inorganic content. Based on these results, H. discoidea will likely produce new calcified segments with intact aragonite crystals under year 2100 p CO 2 levels at high and low irradiance, while aragonite crystals of the sediment may produce thinner needle carbonate muds.
Assessing 3D point clouds from aerial photographs for species-specific forest inventories

ABSTRACT In this study we assessed the potential of using photogrammetric data for species-specific forest inventories. The method is based on a combination of Dirichlet and ordinary linear regression models. This approach was used to predict species proportions, main tree species, total, and species-specific volume. Structural and spectral variables were used as predictors. The models were validated using 63 independent validation stands. The results from airborne laser scanning (ALS) data combined with spectral data and photogrammetric data obtained using aerial imagery with different forward overlaps of 80% and 60% were compared. The best photogrammetry-based models predicted species proportions with a relative root mean square error (RMSE) of 21.4%, classified dominant species with 79% accuracy, predicted total volume with relative RMSE of 13.4%, and predicted species-specific volume with relative RMSE of 36.6%, 46.5%, and 84.9% for spruce, pine, and deciduous species, respectively. The results were similar for the three point cloud datasets obtained from aerial imagery and ALS and the accuracies of the predictions were comparable to methods used in operational FMI. The study highlights the effectiveness of forest inventories carried out using photogrammetric data, which – differently from ALS, can include species-specific information without relying on multiple data sources.
In tobacco leaves, the genes encoding the nitrate-reducting or the ammonium-assimilating enzymes are regulated differently by external nitrogen-sources

In nitrogen starvation experiments with whole plants, we have compared the effect of nitrate, ammonium, glutamine or glutamate on the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) nitrate reductase (NR ; EC 1.6.6.1), nitrite reductase (NiR ; EC 1.7.7.1), plastidic glutamine synthetase (GS-2 ; EC 6.3.1.2) and ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase (Fd-GOGAT ; EC 1.4.7.1) transcript levels, and on corresponding enzymatic activities. The NR and NiR mRNA levels decreased to the limit of detection during N-starvation and were rapidly and specifically inducible to their normal levels upon replenishment with nitrate. The GS-2 and the Fd-GOGAT mRNA pools were much less affected by N-starvation than the NR or NiR transcript levels. The Fd-GOGAT mRNA level in leaves of N-stressed tobacco increased upon replenishment with nitrate, ammonium, glutamine or glutamate. The GS-2 mRNA level in N-starved tobacco leaves was unaffected by the addition of ammonium or glutamate, while replenishment with nitrate or glutamine caused an increase in the GS-2 transcript abundance to ca. 30% of the normal level. We conclude that when compared to the magnitude of the rapid and specific nitrate-inducibility of the NR and NiR transcripts, the GS-2 and the Fd-GOGAT mRNA level are not specifically inducible by nitrate or ammonium. The limited changes observed in the GS-2 or the Fd-GOGAT transcript pools during nitrogen stress or upon replenishment of N-starved tobacco with different N-sources may, therefore, merely reflect the altered metabolic status of the leaf during N-stress or upon recovery from N-starvation. The physiological significance of the apparent nitrate- and ammonium-independent expression of the GS-2 and Fd-GOGAT genes of tobacco is discussed.
Molecular response of nicotiana attenuata to herbivory and solar UVB: laboratory and fieldwork

Plants have coexisted with insects for approximately 400 million years. During this time, the interactions between flora and fauna have driven coevolutionary and reciprocal changes, resulting in a complex mosaic of plant defenses and insect counter-defenses. In addition, abiotic stress such as UVB radiation dramatically affects plant performance; therefore, mechanisms to recognize environmental stresses, mounting of properly scaled responses and fitness optimization are three essential features for plant survival in nature. This work describes novel regulatory mechanisms and interactions mediating plant defense against herbivores, and the effect of solar UVB light on plant defense in Nicotiana attenuata. Specifically, I describe the function of three dicer like proteins (NaDCL2, NaDCL3, NaDCL4) in plant development, the regulation of their transcripts during herbivory and their contribution to mediating some defense metabolites such as nicotine and trypsin proteinase inhibitors, possibly via mediating multiple signaling pathways and regulators such as ethylene, JA signaling pathways, mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and MYB transcription factors. In addition, for the first time, the involvement of ABA signaling and the interaction of ABA-JA signaling were decoded and revealed the crucial function of ABA signaling in regulating herbivory-induced defense metabolites such as HGL-DTGs, caffeoylputrescine, dicaffeoylspermidine, trypsin proteinase inhibitors, and trans-α-bergamotene in local and systemic tissue. Moreover, the positive contribution of solar UVB to defense against piercing-sucking herbivores such as T. notatus, but likely not against the chewing herbivore M. sexta associated with strong JA burst, was discovered. In addition, a new sunscreen function of HGL-DTGs under solar UVB exposure was proposed. Finally, the differences in kinetic accumulation of individual HGL-DTGs under two different solar UVB fluences suggested that a combination of laboratory and field experiments are necessary and best strategy to explore plant physiology in the real ecological context.
Revision of the Australian Sabellariidae (Polychaeta) and description of eight new species

The family Sabellariidae is represented in Australian waters by eleven species belonging to five genera, including eight of themnew to Science: Idanthyrsus nesos n. sp. , I. willora n. sp. , Lygdamis wambiri n. sp. , Phalacrostemma maloga n. sp. , Sabellaria kooraltha n. sp. , S. lungalla n. sp. , S. pyramis n. sp. , and Tetreres terribilis n. sp. Three genera, Phalocrostemma, Sabellaria and Tetreres, are newly recorded from Australia. Descriptions of all species are given, acompanied by detailed illustrations, includingdrawings, photographs and scanning electron micrographs, tables summarising specific diagnostic characters of all species ofeach genus, and distribution maps within Australia. A key to all genera worldwide and Australian species is given. Maximumparsimony analyses based on morphological features have been performed to assess the position of the new species and relation-ships with other Sabellariidae. For this purpose, the Australian species, the type species of each genus and some others species,representing the variability within each group, were incorporated into the analyses. Some of the species were recovered withinmonophyletic genera (Phalacrostemma and Tetreres), while others have been considered as member of previously recognised genera (Idanthyrsus, Lygdamis and Sabellaria) have not been assessed as monophyletic.
Effects of CO2 enrichment on microstructure and ultrastructure of two species of freshwater green algae

order to investigate the morphological response of freshwater green algae to elevated CO2 concentration, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Dang and Scenedesmus obliquus Kutz were cultured with enriched CO2, and their microstructure and ultrastructure were examined by microscopy and electron microscopy. The effect of CO2 enrichment to 186 mumol/L, was insignificant on the shape and size of C. reinhardtii, but significant in reducing the volume of S. obliquus. High-CO2 increased the amount of chloroplast. The pyrenoids occurred in low-CO2-grown cells but not in high-CO2-grown ones and more starch granules were observed in the former.
Implication de "Liver X Receptors" dans la physiopathologie des gonades

La sterilite affecte a l’heure actuelle pres de 15-20 % des couples et sa prevalence est en progression depuis quatre a cinq decennies. Cette progression evolue parallelement a la prevalence de l’epidemie d’obesite et de syndrome metabolique dans le monde. De multiples arguments physiologiques et epidemiologiques chez l’Homme soutiennent l’hypothese de l’influence de l’homeostasie des lipides sur la fonction gonadique. En particulier, le cholesterol est un facteur clef dans la regulation de la steroidogenese et de la gametogenese. Bien que les atteintes gonadiques semblent multifactorielles, les mecanismes moleculaires restent meconnus dans la majorite des cas. Les Liver X receptors (LXRα et β) sont des recepteurs nucleaires actives par les oxysterols. Ce sont classiquement des regulateurs du metabolisme lipidique. Plusieurs etudes ont demontre l’importance de ces recepteurs dans la physiologie des gonades.Ce travail identifie les roles multiples des LXRs dans le maintien de la fertilite masculine et feminine, et decrit l’effet de l’homeostasie du cholesterol sur la maturation des cellules germinales dans le testicule et l’ovaire. Ce travail se concentre sur l’analyse comparative d’une lignee de souris re-exprimant LXRβ (Lxrαϐ-/-:AMHLxrϐ) sous controle de promoteur d’AMH humain (expression specifique dans les cellules de Sertoli dans le testicule et les cellules de granulosa dans l’ovaire) sur un fond genetique de souris Lxrαϐ-/-. L’absence d’un isoforme d LXR aboutit a des defauts specifiques dans un type cellulaire du testicule. Neanmoins, le dysfonctionnement d’un type cellulaire est compense. En effet, de multiples defauts sont necessaires pour aboutir a la sterilite.LXR dans les cellules de granulosa est critique pour la maturation et la survie des ovocytes, l’ovulation, et par consequence pour la fertilite. Ainsi, LXRβ est une cible potentielle pour reguler la fertilite feminine et la prevention de syndrome d’hyperstimulation ovarienne.Nos resultats ouvrent des perspectives pour des nouvelles cibles diagnostiques et pronostiques dans la fertilite.
Protective Effect of Nitric Oxide on High Temperature Induced Oxidative Stress in Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Callus Culture

High temperature (HT) stress is a major environmental factor that limits plant growth, metabolism and productivity worldwide. Plant growth and development involve numerous biochemical reactions that are sensitive to temperature. Plants’ responses to HT vary with the degree and duration of HT and the plants’ adaptability. The protective effect of exogenous nitric oxide in alleviating high temperature induced damages of wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) callus tissues was investigated. Heat treatment (35 and 40 °C) alone or in combination with 0.5 mM sodium nitroprusside (SNP; nitric oxide donor) was applied for 72 h to callus tissues cultured on MS medium. Heat stress significantly increased lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion radical levels, whereas ascorbate and total glutathione contents markedly decreased. In addition, heat stress increased the activities of antioxidant defense enzymes: superoxide distumase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase. In contrast, the addition of SNP in the culture media prevented the callus from the heat-induced oxidative damage as indicated by the decrease of MDA, H 2 O 2 and O 2 . − contents, and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidant constituents. These results provided support for the hypothesis that the exogenous applications of NO confer tolerance to high temperature stress by reducing the oxidative damage in plants.
Effects of different photoperiods on digestive enzyme activities in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) alevin and fry

The aim of this study was to investigate the ontogeny of digestive enzymes and effects of photoperiod on pancreatic enzyme activity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792)) alevin and fry. After hatching, 3600 individuals of first-feeding alevin with a mean (±SD) mass of 119 ± 0.01 mg were reared in plastic tanks at four photoperiod levels (llight (L) : dark (D) cycle) for 6 weeks. Each replicate contained 300 alevin. Photoperiod treatments consisted of 14 h L : 10 h D, 10 h L : 14 h D, 4 h L : 20 h D, and 24 h L : 0 h D. During the rearing period, environmental variables including water temperature, oxygen, and pH were checked. Random sampling of alevin and fry was done at 0, 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 39, and 44 days after the beginning of the first feeding (equal to 18, 19, 23, 25, 28, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 58, 63 days post hatching (dph)). The digestive enzyme activities in alevin and fry had a similar variation trend with age at all photoperiod levels. The specific activities of tryp.
Evolution de la schistosomose urinaire à Niamey, Niger

Afin d'evaluer l'impact de la croissance urbaine sur le foyer de schistosomose urinaire de Niamey, une enquete a ete realisee en 1998 sur un echantillon representatif de 30 ecoles. Au total, 2024 eleves âges de 10-12 ans ont ete examines et interroges sur leurs contacts hydriques a Niamey et leurs deplacements l'annee precedant l'enquete. Globalement, la prevalence de S. haematobium est faible (16 %). Ceci s'explique par la faiblesse de l'exposition en milieu urbain, par le niveau modere de la transmission locale au niveau du fleuve et par le faible retentissement des sejours en zone rurale. Afin de preciser la distribution du risque parasitaire en peripherie de la ville, une seconde enquete a ete realisee en 2000 dans 4 ecoles d'un quartier periurbain riverain du fleuve. Au total, 247 enfants de 10-12 ans ont ete examines et interroges sur leurs contacts hydriques. La prevalence de S. haematobium etait plus forte dans ce quartier (74 %) mais il existait une decroissance significative du niveau d'infection de la peripherie vers le centre. Cette evolution paraissait liee aux differences d'exposition entre ces populations avec un usage croissant des bornes fontaines et un usage decroissant des canaux pour les activites recreatives et domestiques.
Efecto de diferentes cereales sobre la morfología intestinal de lechones recién destetados Effect of different cereals on intestinal villous morphology in weaned piglets

Twenty piglets weaned (WP) at 20.4 d were slaughtered 15 d post-weaning to evaluate the effect of four cereals on intestinal villous morphology. Treatments were a control diet (CD) containing corn starch, and four experimental diets with oats, corn or one of two sorghum hybrids used instead of corn starch. Four suckling piglets (SP) were slaughtered at weaning as a control group. Small intestine weight (absolute (g) or relative (g/kg)) was higher (P 0.05) between the WP fed the experimental diets. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in duodenal villus height between SP (352 mµ µ µ µ) and WP (342 mµ µ µ µ). Jejunal villi were shorter (P<0.05) in WP (367 mµ) than SP (523 mµ), except in piglets fed the CD (445 mµ). Ileac villi were higher (P<0.05) in piglets fed the CD (331 mµ), oats (354 mµ), corn (326 mµ) and sorghum1 (300 mµ) diets than in the SP (162 mµ). Duodenal villi were wider (P<0.05) in the WP fed experimental diets (154 mµ) than in the SP (109 mµ). Ileac villi were thinner (P<0.001) in the SP (78 mµ) than in the WP (106 mµ µ µ µ µ). No differences were observed in the jejunum. Crypt depth increased in all intestine sections in the WP versus the SP (duodenum: 236mµ vs 143 mµ (P<0.05); jejunum 180 mµ vs. 58 mµ (P<0.01); ileum 167 mµ vs 80 mµ µ µ µ (P<0.01) with no observed effect from carbohydrate source. The diets containing corn starch or any of the four cereals stimulated small intestine growth and had no apparent detrimental effects on intestinal morphology.
PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES AND THE SKIN DISEASE OF ACNE VULGARIS. PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES ȘI IMPLICAREA LUI ÎN ACNEEA VULGARĂ

Abstract The human skin encompasses a vast variety of microorganisms which construct the structure of skin microflora. Bacteria and yeasts may be the pioneers of the human skin normal flora. The anatomical situations and physicochemical conditions determine the demography of the microbial populations. Among different types of microbial populations, Propionibacterium acnes is the predominant member in the skin areas of back, face and chest. Although this bacterium is part of the normal ora, Propionibacterium acnes contributes to the disease of acne vulgaris. By the progression of scientific disciplines such as Microbiology, Genetics, and Molecular Biology, it is going to be clear that some strains of Propionibacterium acnes are useful and good bacteria and some strains are harmful and bad bacteria. Therefore, in this review, the authors have a look on different characteristics of P.acnes and the related skin disease of acne vulgaris. Key words: Propionibacterium acnes, Acne vulgaris, skin colonization Rezumat Pielea găzduiește o varietate de microorganisme care participă la alcătuirea microflorei cutanate. Bacteriile și fungii par a fi pionierii florei cutanate normale. Particularitățile anatomice și diferite condiții zico-chimice in uențează demogra a populațiilor microbiene. In cadrul diferitelor tipuri de populații microbiene, Propionibacterium Acnes se găsește predominant in pielea de la nivelul feței și al toracelui antero-posterior. Deși această bacterie face parte din flora cutanată normală, Propionibacterium Acnes este de asemenea responsabilă de apariția acneei. Dezvoltarea unor discipline științifice precum Microbiologia, Genetica și Biologia Moleculară, va concluziona dacă anumite tulpini de Propionibacterium Acnes sunt utile și benefice iar altele sunt dăunătoare. Așadar, in revizuirea de față, autorii analizează diferite caracteristici ale P. Acnes și implicarea in acneea vulgară.
Eosinophilia Following Treatment of Patients with Schistosomiasis

Eosinophilia is frequently observed after treatment of patients with infections due to parasitic helminths. For definition of the characteristics and causes of post-treatment eosinophilic responses, 47 patients with Bancroft's filariasis, who were treated with diethylcarbamazine, and eight patients with schistosomiasis mansoni, who were treated with niridazole, were studied. After therapy for eight days, both groups developed significant (P <0.05) increases in their levels of eosinophilia, which peaked in two to four weeks. Maximal levels averaged two and one-half to three times the levels before treatment. Before therapy the number of circulating eosinophils was unrelated to intensity of infection in both groups, but after treatment, when the same relationship was examined in the larger group (the patients with filariasis), the degree of post-treatment eosinophilia was significantly correlated with the patients' worm burdens before treatment (r - 0.727; P <0.001). Thus, treatment of helminthic infections can provide a unique opportunity for studying eosinophil responses of humans to graded doses of antigen and has shown that acute responses are determined quantitatively by the amount of antigen initially presented to the host. Infections due to parasitic helminths share with atopic diseases the distinction of being the conditions most frequently associated with eosinophilia in the peripheral blood and tissues. The magnitude of this eosinophilia is generally thought to relate in some way to the "degree" of infection or atopy present, but a precise definition of this dependence has been difficult. While observations in animals experimentally immunized or infected suggest the existence of such a quanti
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