Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-Document Automatic Summarization Technique Based on Information Fusion

A Multiple Documents Framework(MDF) is proposed for multi-document automatic summarization task.By representing interrelationship between text units at different levels of granularity and the happen and change of various events at time dimension,this framework can achieve information fusion of multi-document while reserve original information of set of related documents.MDF simplifies traditional multi-document representation in cross structure theory and simultaneously,supplements change and distribution informations of events topics which cannot be obtained in information fusion theory.Concretely,a series of algorithms including building MDF,multi-document information fusion based MDF and summarization generation are proposed.The capability of concurrently fusing multiple knowledge sources of MDF strategies is testified by experiments in 32 different sets of net documents and shows good results.
Experimental validation of CFD simulations of bioaerosol movement in a mechanically ventilated airspace

A CFD (computational fluid dynamics) model was developed to simulate the movement of bioaerosols in mechanically-ventilated chambers and the results were validated with experiments. Liquid aerosols containing Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) were artificially generated in the chambers. Bioaerosol concentration was monitored with an optical particle counter until steady-state conditions were achieved (aerosols containing viruses are referred to as bioaerosols in this paper). Four treatments with two ventilation rates and two bioaerosol generation rates were tested. The standard k-ɛ turbulence model and a discrete phase model with unsteady tracking was used in an ANSYS Fluent CFD model to simulate the airflow and bioaerosol movement until steady-state was reached. A mesh refinement test was performed to select an optimal mesh size for simulations. The CFD simulations showed good agreement with the measured bioaerosol concentrations at steady-state with differences of 2% to 8%, normalized mean square error of 0.01 to 0.19, and fractional bias of 0.02 to 0.08. Simulations and validation during the transient phase could not be verified because of limited measurement locations.
Bio-Fertilizers via Co-Digestion: a Review

In diversifying the economies of most oil producing countries especially in regions with arable lands, Agriculture becomes the next choice aside mineral deposits. This has led to a search for an alternative to inorganic fertilizers, the alternatives are the biofertilizers. The paper discussed the classification of the anaerobic co-digestion process based on the application of inoculants to the biodigester feedstock to speed up the digestion process and the absence of inoculants. Biodigester feedstock also looked at the various mechanisms in the digestion process which includes hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis, the pathways were illustrated with chemical equations and various microorganisms that take part in the anaerobic process were mentioned and tabulated. The types of biofertilizers, merits, and demerits, the difference between biofertilizers and organic fertilizers were comprehensively discussed. Current trends on the application of the co-digestion technique to improve the yield, nutrient, and safety of biofertilizers and also the recent progression on the technique were mentioned.
A Methodology for Measuring Decision-Making in a Business Game

In most learning situations, an instructor can choose from a variety of pedagogical methods. These methods might include: lecturing, case studies, programmed learning, management gaming, or some combination of these methods. The primary advantage of lecturing, case studies, and programmed learning is the feedback provided for evaluating performance and guiding remedial work. That is, the feedback spawned by these methods is both descriptive and prescriptive.
Ecosystem turnover in palaeoecological records: The sensitivity of pollen and phytolith proxies to detecting vegetation change in southwestern Amazonia

Identification of ecosystem turnover in the palaeo-vegetation record is important for understanding the resilience of ecosystems to past environmental change. There is uncertainty over the ability of different types of palaeo-vegetation proxies to detect ecosystem turnover. The aim of this paper is to compare the sensitivity of two palaeo-vegetation proxies – pollen and phytoliths – to changes within and between three key tropical South American ecosystems: evergreen forest, dry forest and savannah. A quantitative approach is used to assess the sensitivity of these two proxies to vegetation changes, based on the variability of proxy assemblages from 1-ha ecological plots in ecotonal south-west Amazonia. This modern dataset of proxy variability within evergreen forest, dry forest and savannah plots is then used to define thresholds for proxy variability which differentiate floristic changes within an ecosystem from ecosystem turnover. These thresholds are applied to two palaeo-vegetation records from NE Bolivia. Our results show that pollen is more sensitive than phytoliths to changes within evergreen forest, but phytoliths are more sensitive than pollen to changes within dry forest. Both proxies were equally sensitive to changes within the savannahs. These are important considerations for palaeoecologists selecting proxies for the study of ecosystem turnover in the palaeo-record. Application of the thresholds to the palaeo-record demonstrated the utility of this quantitative approach for assessing the magnitude of vegetation change in the palaeo-record. This quantitative approach is therefore a useful tool to improve the identification of ecosystem turnover in the palaeo-record.
Nonsense-mediated mRNA reduction and pre-mRNA processing in drosophila.

From bacteria to mammalian cells, the presence of a nonsense mutation causes a reduction in the level of the mRNA of the corresponding gene. The reduction is not, contrary to initial expectations, due to a passive mechanism by which non translated mRNAs are degraded; rather it is a active process in which active translation, cis-acting sequences and specific trans-acting factors are required. It is generally accepted that this phenomenon is the consequence of an evolutionary conserved mechanism that evolved to protect cells from the potentially deleterious effect of truncated proteins - this is often referred to as the mRNA surveillance system or nonsense mediated mRNA decay (NMD). This phenomenon has been extensively studied in budding yeast and in mammalian systems and to a lesser extent in C. elegans. In yeast the recognition of the nonsense codon appears to occur during cytoplasmic translation and premature translation termination is thought to activate a specific protein complex - called the surveillance complex - which in tum triggers an accelerated decay of the aberrant mRNA. However, contrary to the expectation that the recognition of the nonsense codon should occur during cytoplasmic translation, several studies in mammalian cells indicate that NMD may take place in the nucleus by a mechanism that is independent of cytoplasmic translation. For example, several reports indicate that this reduction occurs while the mRNA is still associated with the nucleus, and that the stability of the cytoplasmic mRNA is unchanged relative to a wild-type allele. The common view in the field is that these apparently discordant results between NMD in yeast and in mammalian cells will eventually be accommodated in a single model in which translation in the cytoplasm plays a prominent role. For example, a commonly given explanation is that the recognition of the nonsense codon takes place during nuclear export, and it has been implied that the apparent effects on nuclear RNA are in fact triggered by the premature abortion of translation at the cytoplasmic side of the nuclear envelope. However not all the data from mammalian systems can be so easily explained by the above model. For example, several reports indicate that nonsense mutations affect the splicing of the corresponding pre-mRNA, which makes it difficult to imagine how premature translation in the cytoplasm could effect such an early event in mRNA biogenesis.
Tradeoffs in US dairy manure greenhouse gas emissions, productivity, climate, and manure management strategies

The United States is the largest supplier of dairy products globally, making it an important focus for environmental, economic, and societal outcomes. Increasingly greenhouse gases (GHGs) have become an area of focus for the industry, as industry groups have set their own goals to improve environmental impacts. A significant portion of dairy GHG emissions come from manure management, which can vary considerably by farm and region. Here we explore how the adoption and use of six common manure management strategies (MMS) have changed over a recent 12-year period, and how this relates to milk production, climate, and manure GHGs. Using data from the United States Department of Agriculture, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration across all fifty states, we find that overall US dairy manure management GHG emission intensity (CO2e per kg of milk produced) has increased 18% between 2003 and 2014, which is associated with an increase in adoption of liquid and anaerobic MMS. However, we also find that these systems are positively associated with higher productivity: nationally, total milk production grew by 21.0%, while the cow herd inventory grew by just 1.9%, an increase of 18.7% in per-cow milk production over the study period. We find clear regional adoption of certain kinds of MMS, which relate in many cases to temperature and rainfall. We discuss why these shifts may have occurred as a result of economic and policy drivers, including the shift towards these MMS for compliance with new water quality policies in the past decade, highlighting the tradeoffs that exist in on-farm decision-making. We provide some potential strategies to reduce GHG emissions in these systems while simultaneously considering water quality and other potential tradeoffs. We suggest that transitioning to some of these strategies requires additional research to better understand farmer decision-making as it relates to MMS, a currently understudied topic.
Possible Increases in Flood Frequency Due to the Loss of Eastern Hemlock in the Northeastern United States: Observational Insights and Predicted Impacts

Trees exert a fundamental control on the hydrologic cycle, yet previous research is unclear about the nuanced relationship between forest cover and riverine flood frequency. In the Northeastern United States, warming air temperatures have resulted in a decline of Eastern Hemlock (EH), and subsequent increases in observed catchment water yield. We evaluated the possibility of EH loss leading to a changed flooding regime. We first investigated plant hydraulic regulation by root water uptake in EH and American Beech (AB; a candidate successional species) through stable isotope analysis of stream, soil water, and plant xylem water. EH xylem water showed evidence of deeper soil water uptake than AB during both wet and dry seasons, suggesting species succession may be an important mechanism for altering catchment “plant accessible water. ” Next, we estimated catchment flood frequency with mechanistic hydrologic simulations for present conditions, and two hypothetical cases where all EH is succeeded by AB. The largest change to catchment extreme discharge after AB succession coincided with fall season tropical moisture export‐derived precipitation. We observed reduced sensitivity under future climatic forcing with an ensemble simulation of five localized constructed analogs downscaled general circulation models. Thus, the influence of forest composition on the flood regime may be most related to the temporal alignment of the synoptic‐scale processes that generate Atlantic Basin tropical cyclones and regional plant phenology of the Northeast United States. Our results provide a justification for using physically based hydrologic models incorporating plant hydraulic regulation when evaluating future flooding frequency.
Towards a dynamical scheduler for ALMA: a science - software collaboration

State-of-the art astronomical facilities are costly to build and operate, hence it is essential that these facilities must be operated as much efficiently as possible, trying to maximize the scientific output and at the same time minimizing overhead times. Over the latest decades the scheduling problem has drawn attention of research because new facilities have been demonstrated that is unfeasible to try to schedule observations manually, due the complexity to satisfy the astronomical and instrumental constraints and the number of scientific proposals to be reviewed and evaluated in near real-time. In addition, the dynamic nature of some constraints make this problem even more difficult. The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is a major collaboration effort between European (ESO), North American (NRAO) and East Asian countries (NAOJ), under operations on the Chilean Chajnantor plateau, at 5.000 meters of altitude. During normal operations at least two independent arrays are available, aiming to achieve different types of science. Since ALMA does not observe in the visible spectrum, observations are not limited to night time only, thus a 24/7 operation with little downtime as possible is expected when full operations state will have been reached. However, during preliminary operations (early-science) ALMA has been operated on tied schedules using around half of the whole day-time to conduct scientific observations. The purpose of this paper is to explain how the observation scheduling and its optimization is done within ALMA, giving details about the problem complexity, its similarities and differences with traditional scheduling problems found in the literature. The paper delves into the current recommendation system implementation and the difficulties found during the road to its deployment in production.
North Atlantic Oscillation, East Atlantic pattern and jet variability since 1685

<p>Instrumental records of the leading patterns of variability are short, hampering a proper characterization of the atmospheric circulation beyond the mid-19<sup>th</sup> century. In this work, recently published in Mellado-Cano et al. (2019), we present the longest (1685-2014) observational-based records of winter NAO and East Atlantic (EA) indices as well as estimates of the North Atlantic eddy-driven jet stream for the same period. They are inferred from wind direction observations over the English Channel assembled in monthly indices of the persistence of the wind in the four cardinal directions. Our NAO and EA series are significantly correlated with traditional indices, showing comparable skill to that obtained between some instrumental indices, and capture their main signatures on European temperature and precipitation. </p><p>By identifying winters with different combinations of NAO/EA phases in the 20<sup>th</sup> century, our results highlight the additional role of EA in shaping the North Atlantic action centers and the European climate responses to NAO. The joint effects of NAO and EA cause European surface climate anomalies that can substantially differ from their canonical signatures, meaning that a proper characterization of regional climates cannot be achieved by the NAO alone. The EA interference with the NAO signal is stronger in precipitation than in temperature and affects areas with strong responses to NAO such as Greenland and the western Mediterranean. </p><p>The time series display large variability from interannual to multidecadal time scales, with e.g. positive (negative) EA (NAO) phases dominating before 1750 (during much of the 19<sup>th</sup> century). The last three centuries uncover multidecadal periods characterized by specific NAO/EA states and substantial variability in the North Atlantic jet stream, thus providing new evidences of the dynamics behind some outstanding periods. Transitions in the NAO/EA phase space have been recurrent and pin down long-lasting anomalies, such as the displacement of the North Atlantic action centers in the late 20<sup>th</sup> century, besides some disagreements between historical NAO indices. </p><p>Mellado-Cano, J., D. Barriopedro, R. Garc&#237;a-Herrera, R.M. Trigo, 2019: Examining the North Atlantic Oscillation, East Atlantic pattern and jet variability since 1685. Journal of Climate. doi: https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0135.1</p>
Analysis of runoff aggregation structure and energy expenditure pattern for Choyang creek basin on the basis of power law distribution

The main purpose of this study is to analyze runoff aggregation structure and energy expenditure pattern of Choyang creek basin within the framework of power law distribution. To this end geomorphologic factors of every point in the basin of interest, which define tractive force and stream power as well as drainage area, are extracted based on GIS, and their complementary cumulative distributions are graphically analyzed through fitting them to power law distribution. The results indicate that three distinct behavioral regimes are observed from the complementary cumulative distributions of three geomorphogic factors. Based on the parameter estimation of power law distribution by maximum likelihood drainage area and stream power can be judged as scale invariance factor without finite scale while tractive force as scale dependence factor with finite scale. Furthermore, it is judged that tractive force would not follow power law distribution because it shows limited complex system behaviors only within the small extent of scale. The exponent of power law distribution for drainage area obtained in this study by maximum likelihood is larger than the previous researches due to the difference of parameter estimation methodologies. And the exponent for stream power is smaller than the previous researches due to the scaling property of channel slope for the basin of interest.
Development and testing of a photochemical model based on the master chemical mechanism for the atmospheric simulation of chambers

This thesis is motivated by the need to develop a photochemical box model that would be a valuable tool for the analysis of the ICE-HT/FORTH smog chamber results but could be also applied to other chambers around the world. The Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) is a detailed gas phase, near-explicit, mechanism for the photooxidation of 143 primary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere. This work uses as a case study the toluene oxidation focusing on the oxygenated products of toluene degradation. The reactions of toluene are translated to differential equations (ODEs) and they are integrated with a Rosenbrock solver. This solver proved to be effective for stiff systems, which is a major challenge in the numerical simulation of atmospheric transport-chemistry processes. The toluene model was applied to many different initial conditions. The results show that most of the carbon ends up as CO and CO2 in a matter of hours in typical laboratory experiments. The rest is peroxy acetyl nitrates (PAN), maleic anhydride, glyoxal, and others. The model predictions were evaluated against experimental data found in the literature. Despite some discrepancies, the model seems to be promising if a suitable auxiliary mechanism for each chamber is included. Moreover, the evaluation results confirm that CO and CO2 are indeed major products in these experiments. Finally, a partitioning model combined with the volatility basis set (VBS) is incorporated in the main model in order to predict the particulate mass in the system. Presence of sufficient initial seeds is assumed in the system so homogeneous nucleation is not simulated. The results show that the current model tends to overestimate particulate mass, especially that of organonitrates. Improvements in the estimation of vapor pressure of these complex organic molecules are needed. The addition of the partitioning model reduced the predicted production of CO and CO2.
Health consequences of climate change in Bangladesh: An overview of the evidence, knowledge gaps and challenges

Climate change affects almost all aspects of human life, including health. This is particularly true in densely populated and low lying deltas such as Bangladesh. However, the climate‐health nexus is a relatively poorly explored domain of research, which is a cause for concern given the country's intrinsic vulnerability to climatic impacts. The impact of climate change on human health and well‐being can be manifested through different pathways and can be categorized as being direct or indirect, mediated through complex biophysical and social dynamics. The direct effects of climate change that have been observed in Bangladesh include morbidity and mortality due to heat stress, cyclones, floods, droughts and other weather extremes at different spatio‐temporal scales. The indirect effects adopt more complex routes which includes, threatening food and water security due to salinity intrusion, and spread of infectious diseases due to changes in vector and pathogen ecology. Social dynamics in Bangladesh, such as those related to gender roles, poverty and power relations, also influence how the effects of climate change are experienced by different segments of the society. The Government of Bangladesh has a number of measures already in place, efforts that have been complemented by local interventions. Evidence to take robust health policy decisions related to climate change is limited and scattered, while there is a lack of multidisciplinary research efforts. Considering these limitations, generating and summarizing scientific evidence is vital for informing a resilient health system against future public health concerns in climate vulnerable countries such as Bangladesh and in other low‐income regions.
A User Personalized Information Retrieval System Model Based on Intelligent Agent

Because of the weakness in understanding and processing capacity of the information retrieval tools for the knowledge,a user personalized information retrieval system model based on intelligent agent was proposed,providing the personal service for users through multi agents.The system structure was described as well as the implementation of the models.And the work process of the system model was analyzed.The key technical problems of the information retrieval were solved in part,such as documents relation calculation,scheduling algorithm for search engines and database construction.