Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of cosmic-ray streaming and turbulent damping in driving galactic winds

Large-scale galactic winds driven by stellar feedback are one phenomenon that influences the dynamical and chemical evolution of a galaxy, redistributing material throughout the circumgalatic medium. Non-thermal feedback from galactic cosmic rays (CRs) – high-energy charged particles accelerated in supernovae and young stars – can impact the efficiency of wind driving. The streaming instability limits the speed at which they can escape. However, in the presence of turbulence, the streaming instability is subject to suppression that depends on the magnetization of turbulence given by its Alfvén Mach number. While previous simulations that relied on a simplified model of CR transport have shown that super-Alfvénic streaming of CRs enhances galactic winds, in this paper we take into account a realistic model of streaming suppression. We perform three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations of a section of a galactic disc and find that turbulent damping dependent on local magnetization of turbulent interstellar medium (ISM) leads to more spatially extended gas and CR distributions compared to the earlier streaming calculations, and that scale heights of these distributions increase for stronger turbulence. Our results indicate that the star formation rate increases with the level of turbulence in the ISM. We also find that the instantaneous wind mass loading is sensitive to local streaming physics with the mass loading dropping significantly as the strength of turbulence increases.
The ATLAS3D project - XXII. Low-efficiency star formation in early-type galaxies: hydrodynamic models and observations

We study the global efficiency of star formation in high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations of gas discs embedded in isolated early-type and spiral galaxies. Despite using a universal local law to form stars in the simulations, we find that the early-type galaxies are offset from the spirals on the large-scale Kennicutt relation, and form stars two to five times less efficiently. This offset is in agreement with previous results on morphological quenching: gas discs are more stable against star formation when embedded in early-type galaxies due to the lower disc self-gravity and increased shear. As a result, these gas discs do not fragment into dense clumps and do not reach as high densities as in the spiral galaxies. Even if some molecular gas is present, the fraction of very dense gas (typically above 10(4) cm(-3)) is significantly reduced, which explains the overall lower star formation efficiency. We also analyse a sample of local early-type and spiral galaxies, measuring their CO and H i surface densities and their star formation rates as determined by their non-stellar 8 mu m emission. As predicted by the simulations, we find that the early-type galaxies are offset from the Kennicutt relation compared to the spirals, with a twice lower efficiency. Finally, we validate our approach by performing a direct comparison between models and observations. We run a simulation designed to mimic the stellar and gaseous properties of NGC 524, a local lenticular galaxy, and find a gas disc structure and global star formation rate in good agreement with the observations. Morphological quenching thus seems to be a robust mechanism, and is also consistent with other observations of a reduced star formation efficiency in early-type galaxies in the COLD GASS survey. This lower efficiency of star formation is not enough to explain the formation of the whole red sequence, but can contribute to the reddening of some galaxies.
Casuistic Revision of Childhood Atopic Dermatitis during Last Three Years in Bragas Hospital

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory disease, occurring in association with personal or family history of atopy. Methods: A retrospective study of AD patients, admitted in the consultation of Pediatric Dermatology of our hospital, between the years 2011 and 2013, was carried out. For the purposes of this study, a modified and simplified procedure was adopted for recording severity of AD in our patients, named three-item severity score (TIS score), using three items of Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index (erythema, edema and excoriations). Results: There were 160 patients, with age ranging from 1 month to 15 years and with an equal sex ratio. The prevalence of AD was 17.1%. The most frequent symptom was pruritus (86.9%). Eighty-six percent of patients initiated symptoms before 5 years. The severity of AD was mild/moderate in 139 patients (86.9%) and severe in 21 patients (13.1%). The family and/ or personal history of atopy were positive in 134 patients (84%). Common aggravating factors included wintertime (46.9%) and allergens (16.3%), being the most frequent aeroallergens. Serum IgE was elevated in 17 patients (33.3%). Most patients could be controlled with topical measures (86.3%). Discussion: The pattern of AD in our Department is similar to other studies, except for a higher prevalence of mild AD, a lower elevation of serum IgE and comparing with countries with tropical weather we have an additional aggravating factor: the lower temperatures during winter, which disturbed barrier function of the stratum corneum.
Effectiveness of Cognitive-lSehavioral Therapy in Reducing Clasroom Disruptive Behaviors : A Meta-Analysis Bita Ghafoori

A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the success of cognitive-behavioral therapy in reducing disrupive behaviors exhibited by school-age children in a school setting. Twenty-seven articles about studies using cognitive-behavioral therapy and a teacher measure of disruptive behavior were analyzed critically, and appropriate outcome measures were included in the analysis. Meta-analysis of these studies revealed that children who received cognitive-behavioral therapy displayed fewer disruptive behavior problems than did children who did not receive a cognitive-behavioral intervention. Cognitive-behavioral therapy used in conjunction with teacher-implemented contingencies was not found to be more effective in reducing disruptive behavior than cognitive-behavioral therapy alone. Also, no global difference in disruptive behavior was found relative to treatment administered in a school setting as compared to other settings. A difference in level of disruptive behavior was found with respect to the following factors: ethnicity, diagnosis, and socioeconomic status. (Contains 77 references.) (Author) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Effectiveness of Cognitive-lSehavioral Therapy in Reducing Clasroom Disruptive Behaviors: A Meta-Analysis Bita Ghafoori Susan M. Tracz PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
GENE-CULTURE COEVOLUTION OF A LINGUISTIC SYSTEM IN TWO MODALITIES

Complex communication can take place in a range of modalities such as auditory, visual, and tactile modalities. In a very general way, the modality that individuals use is constrained by their biological biases (humans cannot use magnetic fields directly to communicate to each other). The majority of natural languages have a large audible component. However, since humans can learn sign languages just as easily, it’s not clear to what extent the prevalence of spoken languages is due to biological biases, the social environment or cultural inheritance. This paper suggests that we can explore the relative contribution of these factors by modelling the spontaneous emergence of sign languages that are shared by the deaf and hearing members of relatively isolated communities. Such shared signing communities have arisen in enclaves around the world and may provide useful insights by demonstrating how languages evolve as the deaf proportion of its members has strong biases towards the visual language modality. In this paper we describe a model of cultural evolution in two modalities, combining aspects that are thought to impact the emergence of sign languages in a more general evolutionary framework. The model can be used to explore hypotheses about how sign languages emerge.
Probabilistic assessment of the sag in an overhead transmission line

The sag in an overhead transmission line is significantly influenced by the current in the line conductor. Using the deterministic method to determine the current carrying capacity of a conductor is too conservative. In recent times, however, some power utility companies have used a real-time monitoring approach. This is very costly and cannot be adopted by all. A new method, based on probabilistic techniques, is used to assess the sag in an overhead power line in this paper. Recorded data on some climatic factors and transmission line current are used in the authors' analyses.
TSV Manufacturing Fault Modeling and Diagnosis Based on Multi-Tone Dither

The faults in through-silicon via (TSV) have a critical impact on the reliability and yield of a three-dimensional integrated circuit (3-D IC). With the significant increase in the number of TSVs used in 3-D IC, the testing of TSVs for manufacturing faults poses certain serious challenges especially weak fault testing, and therefore it is important to have effective Design-For-Test (DFT) techniques. In this paper, we present a method for TSV testing using multi-tone dither signal, based on electrical characteristic analysis. This method mainly observes the differences in the root mean square (RMS) value of the output signal voltage between faultless and faulty TSV circuits to detect manufacturing faults, and uses only passive components such as metal lines, without consuming additional power for the testing. With regard to the common manufacturing faults such as voids and pinholes, the electrical characteristics of faulty TSVs are modeled and analyzed, and analytic equations of the faults, which are based on characteristic parameters, are explored. The ground-signal-TSV (GS-TSV) equivalent electrical model with manufacturing faults is simulated and tested by using a multi-tone dither test signal, which is generated by modulating an RF signal with an optimized multi-tone signal. The peak-to-average ratio (PAR) is used as the test evaluation parameter to determine the type and size of the fault. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the multi-tone dither test method in the detection of voids (as low as ohm level) and pinholes (up to mega ohm level). It is obvious that this method performs better in the diagnosis of weak manufacturing faults in TSVs.
STABILITY-INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD FOR ANALYSIS OF ATORVASTATIN IN BULK DRUG, MARKETED TABLET AND NANOEMULSION FORMULATION

ABSTRACT A simple, highly sensitive, isocratic stability indicating reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method with UV detection at 247 nm was developed and validated for analysis of atorvastatin (AT). Retention time of the AT was found to be 4.02 min. A mobile phase consisting of 0.05 M sodium phosphate buffer and methanol (3:7 v/v) pH 4.1 at flow rate of 1mL/min was employed in this study. The calibration curves were linear with regression coefficient (r 2 ) of 0.9997 ± 0.0014. The limits of detection (LOD) and the limits of quantification (LOQ) were found to be 0.20 and 0.60 μg/mL, respectively. The method was statistically validated in accordance with International conference on harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The proposed method was found sensitive, specific and was successfully applied for the estimation of atorvastatin in pharmaceutical formulations (bulk drug, tablet, nanoemulsion). Keywords: RP-HPLC; atorvastatin; nanoemulsion; tablets; ICH guidelines.
Developing Cognitive and Emotional Trust Scale (CTS-6 & ETS-6 in Supervisor) with Chinese and Japanese Sample

Our first purpose is to develop a general conceptualization of employees’ cognitive and emotional trust in supervisor, which is systematic and detailed enough to predict how they causally relate to other constructs differently. Drawing on previous study, we proposed two central ideas based on which the two kinds of trust were conceptualized: (1) Cognitive trust functions to secure the productivity of social exchange relationship (SER) by focusing on the extrinsic utility of the exchange outcomes, from the perspective of gains and losses; (2) Emotional trust functions to build up a base of the long-term relationship by focusing on the intrinsic happiness inherent in the relationship and/or exchanging process, from the perspective of maintaining SER. Five middle-range hypotheses in organizational setting derived from this conceptualization were supported by Chinese and Japanese sample. Our second purpose is to develop and validate cognitive & emotional trust scale in supervisor (CTS-6 & ETS-6 in Supervisor), which can be distinguishable enough to reliably capture their unique relations in organizational setting across different cultures. Reliability, factorial validity, convergent & discriminant validity, and criterion validity of CTS-6 & ETS-6 in Supervisor were established by Chinese and Japanese sample.
A Study of Sintered Copper Porous Surfaces for Pool Boiling Enhancement

Miniaturization in microelectronics demands effective thermal management from high energy density devices. While current cooling solutions employ single-phase heat transfer, they are often limited by high fluid temperature differences and pressure drops. Alternatively, two-phase cooling schemes offers attractive solutions to dissipate high heat fluxes at small temperature differences. Specifically, pool boiling has the potential to dissipate high heat fluxes without using pumps and other complex header configurations. Two performance criterion that govern the heat transfer in pool boiling systems are the (i) Critical Heat Flux (CHF), and the (ii) Heat Transfer Coefficient. The CHF is the upper limit in nucleate boiling, while the Heat Transfer Coefficient dictates the efficiency of the process. The current thesis work relates to increasing the aforementioned parameters through copper porous coatings. In this work, copper substrates were coated with 3M copper powders using a drop coating and screen printing technique. Substrate bonding was achieved by sintering at elevated temperatures. The coated substrates were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Laser Confocal Microscopy which revealed the different geometrical parameters (pore sizes and coating thickness etc.) associated with the coatings. Pool boiling tests were conducted with distilled and degassed water at atmospheric pressure. A highest Critical Heat Flux (CHF) of 303 W/cm2 was obtained on a test sample corresponding to a coating thickness of 447 µm. This translated to a CHF enhancement of ~135 % when compared to a plain copper surface. The effect of coating thickness on pool boiling performance was studied. High speed visualization was conducted on the test samples to identify underlying boiling mechanisms. The effect of additional nucleation sites, and wickability were evaluated in this study. The experimental observations were supplemented with analytical equations available in literature to identify driving mechanisms with the thin and thick porous coatings.
Neyman-pearson detection of gauss-Markov signals in noise: closed-form error exponentand properties

The performance of Neyman-Pearson detection of correlated random signals using noisy observations is considered. Using the large deviations principle, the performance is analyzed via the error exponent for the miss probability with a fixed false-alarm probability. Using the state-space structure of the signal and observation model, a closed-form expression for the error exponent is derived using the innovations approach, and the connection between the asymptotic behavior of the optimal detector and that of the Kalman filter is established. The properties of the error exponent are investigated for the scalar case. It is shown that the error exponent has distinct characteristics with respect to correlation strength: for signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) /spl ges/1, the error exponent is monotonically decreasing as the correlation becomes strong whereas for SNR<1 there is an optimal correlation that maximizes the error exponent for a given SNR.
Contribution from different domains for creativity management in the context of innovation

Creativity is an ever-increasing theme of interest in the context of management due to its importance for the innovation process. Current literature suggests that the interaction between the concepts of innovation and creativity is not clear. Both phenomena are cognitive and nebulous concepts and therefore are difficult to access by traditional research approaches. Considering creativity management in the scope of innovation processes faced by organizations, this study aims at contributing for the clarifying the relation between creativity and innovation by analyzing it under the point of view of the three domains: design, haute cuisine and art. That research strategy is based on the need for a systemic view of creativity, standing out the growing interest in the field of creativity for the study of processes in different domains. The study articulates two investigation methods structured in two parts: (i) literature review and (ii) systematic literature review. Both methods are bound to the construction of a theoretical framework which points out contributes of the studied domains for the optimization of creative processes in the organizational context. The study suggests the existence of three integrated models of creativity management in the context of innovation, each one referring to a given domain analyzed. The framework presented is featured as a contribute for enterprises in the search for new creativity management models for innovation, as well as a starting point for the conception of a more robust theoretical body for the study of different creative processes in different domains in the context of innovation.
The distribution of illiquid financial products within the Mifid framework. New challenges for the European financial industry

The investment in illiquid financial products introduces various profiles of criticality related to the client’s perception of risk and to the intermediaries’ commercial policies. However, the notion of illiquid product could be affected by some misunderstanding such as the tendency (which constitutes a simplification) to identify it as the trading venue , so as only those products are illiquid which are negotiated over the counter. Really, it is necessary to assess the degree of liquidity based on the characteristics of the financial product, those of the issuer and the eventual market of negotiation. From a substantial point of view, this has some important implications regarding the regulatory profiles of investor’s protection. The Mifid in Europe set conduct of business rules to align the behavior of the intermediary with the duty to serve the investor at best. The harmonization of the conduct rules passes from the implementation of the level 3 measures. This paper examines the problem in the light of the implementation of level 3 measures in Italy.
Investigating the Effect of Strategic Leadership on Competitive Advantage with the Mediating Role of Innovation Ambidexterity

Gaining and sustaining the competitive advantage in today turbulent environment is an obsession of corporate managers. Manufacturing firms while investing in R & D, worry about the innovations driven from these researchers and their effect on the firm’s position in market. In other words, balance between innovation exploration and innovation exploitation (innovation ambidexterity) and its effect on firm’s competitive advantage is an important question of such firms. What is missed in many researches is the effect of strategic leadership on the relationship between innovation ambidexterity and competitive advantage that this research tries to fill this gap. This paper investigates the effect of strategic leadership (transformational and transactional leadership) on innovation ambidexterity capability (innovation exploration and innovation exploitation) and effect of this capability on competitive advantages (price advantage, service differentiation advantage and customer concentration advantage) of manufacturing firms in Kerman. The results show transactional leadership has an impact on innovation exploration, both transactional and transformational leadership has an impact on innovation exploitation. Both innovation exploitation and exploration have an impact on service differentiation advantage but innovation exploitation has an impact on price and customer concentration advantage.
Wetland plant species composition as an indicator of California black rail (Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus) presence in the Sierra Foothills

The rate of global wetland loss is concerning as these habitats provide important ecosystem functions and habitat for flora and fauna. Further understanding of plant communities that comprise palustrine emergent wetlands is important for habitat management and conservation for wetland birds, especially since the discovery of state threatened California black rail (Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus) in these wetlands near Marysville, California. No comprehensive vegetation survey of the wetlands black rails occupy has been conducted and a more detailed survey of plant species composition is likely to improve the ability to characterize habitat quality for black rails. This study aims to: 1) identify the plants of emergent wetlands in the Sierra foothills 2) determine whether plant communities differ between wetlands of different geomorphology, elevation, slope, water source and between wetlands that are grazed versus ungrazed and 3) determine whether U.S. Fish and Wildlife wetland indicator categories can be used to predict black rail presence. Contrary to our predictions, wetland plants were not homogeneous within groups with the same abiotic variables. However, plant composition did show a trend along an elevation gradient. Multivariate analysis of black rail occupancy and proportion of wetland plant indicator categories revealed no positive correlation between the two. While no significant trends were found other than elevation, only 32% of variance in the data is explained by the environmental variables looked at in this study and further examination of other factors that drive habitat quality such as soil characteristics should be explored. While wetland indicator categories do not provide a predictor for black rail occupancy, telemetry studies can provide a more detailed look at what plant communities are utilized by black rails in the Sierra Foothills.
L-ARGININE MITIGATES HEAVY METAL INHIBITED NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE ACTIVITY IN TISSUES OF THE ALBINO RAT

Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized endogenously by the enzymes NO synthase (NOS) and NO is well known to act as physiologic messenger in the body. Heavy metals induce number of toxic effects in animals including man. Keeping in view the important biologic roles played by NO and toxic effects exerted by heavy metals, the in vitro effects of selected heavy metals like mercury (Hg), lead and the amino acid L-arginine separately and in combination was studied on the rat tissue NOS activity. The results indicated, Hg2+ and Pb2+ in concentrations of 10-1000 µM inhibited rat major tissues cNOS and iNOS activities and that L-arginine at selected concentration of 10-20 µM appeared to reverse the IC50 conc. Of heavy metal inhibited rat tissue NOS activity levels in vitro. It is reported that L-arginine as it acts as a substrate to NO production, its supplementation may improve the NOS disorders in experimental animals.