Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clustering and Subjective Organization in a Free-Recall Task with Retardates: A Comparison of Two Methodologies. Final Report.

Adolescent educable retardates were presented a list of words which were organized into categories for half of the Ss and randomized for the other half. In addition, a sorting task preceded the list for half of the Ss. Ss were tested for recall after each of three trials. Responses were analyzed by two methods: one required responses of Ss organized into categories predetermined by the experimenter, and one used the organizational patterns of Ss. Contrary to predictions, the sorting task did not result in higher clustering or recall scores. However, organized list presentation resulted in significantly higher recall scores than did randomized presentation. Subjective organization scores could not be obtained due to the very low number of scoreable responses of this type. It was suggested that subjective organization reflects a concept-formation process while associative clustering involves concept-usage. (Amthor/KW)
Systematic review of the efficacy of cognitive behaviour therapies for childhood and adolescent anxiety disorders.

PURPOSE To review the effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) as a treatment for anxiety disorders of childhood and adolescence. METHOD Studies were included if they treated young people (under 19 yrs) with diagnosed anxiety disorder (excluding trials solely treating phobia, PTSD or OCD), had a no-treatment control group, and used diagnosis as an outcome variable. A search of the literature, incorporating electronic databases, hand search and expert consultation, yielded 10 randomized controlled trials that were appropriate for inclusion. RESULTS The outcome of interest was remission of anxiety disorder. Employing conservative criteria, the remission rate in the CBT groups (56.5%) was higher than that in the control groups (34.8%). The pooled odds ratio was 3.3 (CI = 1.9-5.6), suggesting that CBT has a significant effect. CONCLUSIONS CBT is useful for the treatment of anxiety in children over the age of 6 years. However, we still know little about the treatment of younger children or about the comparative efficacy of alternative treatments. Most of the trials were efficacy trials, and have limited generalizability. Reporting of many aspects of the trials was weak.
Silicon Valley Information Technology Industry Cluster Study of Social Capital

The U.S. information technology industry cluster in Silicon Valley as the research object, focusing on the social capital of Silicon Valley high-tech industry clusters have played an important role in the development ,and study from social network, norms, conducive to innovation and unique work environment, information Several angles of movement that led to the success of Silicon Valley industry cluster of social capital factors, it is these unique social capital so that the information technology industry in Silicon Valley has achieved great success and rapid development. China's high-tech industries, especially in the information industry can become a rising star, the key lies in the information technology industry in Silicon Valley cluster warning from the successful experience of cultivating social Capital.
Endotoxin‐stimulated Rat Hepatic Stellate Cells Induce Autophagy in Hepatocytes as a Survival Mechanism

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) produce many cytokines including IFNβ, TNFα, and IL6, strongly inhibit DNA synthesis, but induce apoptosis of a small number of hepatocytes. In vivo administration of LPS (up to 10 mg/mL) causes modest inflammation and weight loss in rats but not mortality. We determined whether LPS‐stimulated HSCs instigate mechanisms of hepatocyte survival. Rats received 10 mg/kg LPS (i.p.) and determinations were made at 6 h. In vitro, HSCs were treated with 100 ng/mL LPS till 24 h. The medium was transferred to hepatocytes, and determinations were made at 0–12 h. Controls were HSC‐conditioned medium or medium‐containing LPS. LPS treatment of rats caused autophagy in hepatocytes, a physiological process for clearance of undesirable material including injured or damaged organelles. This was accompanied by activation of c‐Jun NH2 terminal kinase (JNK) and apoptosis of ∼4–5% of hepatocytes. In vitro, LPS‐conditioned HSC medium (LPS/HSC) induced autophagy in hepatocytes but apoptosis of only ∼10% of hepatocytes. While LPS/HSC stimulated activation of JNK (associated with cell death), it also activated NFkB and ERK1/2 (associated with cell survival). LPS‐stimulated HSCs produced IFNβ, and LPS/HSC‐induced autophagy in hepatocytes and their apoptosis were significantly inhibited by anti‐IFNβ antibody. Blockade of autophagy, on the other hand, strongly augmented hepatocyte apoptosis. While LPS‐stimulated HSCs cause apoptosis of a subpopulation of hepatocytes by producing IFNβ, they also induce cell survival mechanisms, which may be of critical importance in resistance to liver injury during endotoxemia. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 94–105, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coupling of mitochondrial metabolism and protein synthesis in heart mitochondria.

Although much is now known with regard to the processes of mammalian mitochondrial gene expression, relatively little is known concerning the quantitative regulation of this pathway in response to hormones or other physiological stimuli. In this paper the potential coupling of mitochondrial metabolism to mitochondrial protein synthesis was investigated and the concentration of nucleotides and substrates for optimal translation in isolated rat heart mitochondria was determined. It was demonstrated that optimal isolated heart mitochondrial protein synthesis required the presence of an oxidizable substrate. Of the substrates tested, glutamate (20 mM) supported translation best followed by malate, succinate, and alpha-ketoglutarate, whereas pyruvate supported synthesis poorly. Unlike other recent mammalian mitochondrial systems, the presence of an oxidizable substrate was required for translation even in the presence of medium ATP and an exogenous energy-generating system. Mitochondrial translation also required the presence of adenine nucleotide that could be added as ADP or ATP; however, ATP added above 0.5 mM became progressively inhibitory. As a result, synthesis was supported significantly better by ATP synthesized by the system from added ADP, than by ATP added directly to the system. However, if the phosphorylation of ADP was prevented by limiting the phosphate concentration, ADP itself strongly inhibited mitochondrial protein synthesis. This inhibition appeared to be closely related to the energy charge of the system rather than to absolute levels of ADP, indicating for the first time that mitochondrial translation, like its cytoplasmic counterpart is regulated by energy charge. Last, this system did not require the inhibition of guanine nucleotide or exogenous energy-generating systems. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
256-channel bidirectional optical interconnect using VCSELs and photodiodes on CMOS

2D Parallel Optical Interconnects are capable of providing large connectivity between elements in computing and switching systems. Using this technology we have demonstrated a bi-directional optical interconnect between two PCBs containing optoelectronic VLSI circuits. The OE- VLSI circuits were constructed using VCSELs and photodiodes flip-chip bump bonded to a 0.35 micrometers CMOS chip. The CMOS was comprised of 256 Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) drivers, 256 receivers, and the requisite buffer and control circuits required to operate the large transceiver array. This is the first system, to our knowledge, to send bi-directional data optically between optoelectronic VLSI chips which have both VCSELs and photodiodes co-integrated on the same substrate.
The decay of autoradiographic grain number over crypt base columnar cells in murine ileum as a measure of their generation time

Abstract. The decay in the number of grains over [3H]‐thymidine labelled crypt base columnar cells (BCC) in autoradiographs of the ileum of BDFl mice has been studied. The results revealed that using the conventional grain count halving (GCH) method it is possible to obtain an estimation of the generation time (Tc) of the proliferative BCC cells in the Paneth cell zone (PC‐zone) of 18.8 ± 0.74 h. This lies within the range obtained by the percent labelled mitoses (PLM) method, but is shorter than most values obtained by stathmokinetic methods. The present data show no evidence for a shortening of the cell cycle 3 days after irradiation (8 Gy) which is contrary to some earlier observations. Some reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. The comparatively high labelling index of the BCC allows a larger amount of data to be easily collected, compared with the PLM technique, and correction factors which take into account the complicated shape of the bottom of the crypt are not required.
Maternal–fetal transport kinetics of carboplatin in the perfused human placental lobule: In vitro study

Objective. Platinum-containing drugs are widely used in the treatment of various malignancies in humans. There is a paucity of data on maternal–fetal transport characteristics of one such widely used drug, carboplatin, and this prompted us to study its permeation characteristics in the human placenta in vitro. Methods. Placentae from uncomplicated, normal pregnancies were collected postpartum. Carboplatin, along with antipyrine as internal reference marker were injected as a single bolus (100 ul) into the maternal arterial circulation of isolated perfused placental lobules and perfusate samples collected from both maternal and fetal circulations over a period of 5 minutes. National Culture and Tissue Collection medium, diluted with Earle's buffered salt solution was used as the perfusate. Carboplatin concentration in various samples was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, while antipyrine concentration was assayed by spectrophotometry. Transport and pharmacokinetic data of study and reference substances were computed using appropriate parameters. Results. The differential transport rate of carboplatin for 10, 25, 50, 75, and 90% efflux fractions in fetal venous effluent averaged 0.60, 1.35, 2.52, 3.72, and 4.49 minutes in 12 perfusions, representing 1.16 ± 0.10, 1.06 ± 0.06, 1.00 ± 0.02, 0.98 ± 0.01, and 0.99 ± 0.01, respectively, times the antipyrine reference value. Student's t-test did not show any significant difference (p > 0.05) between the control and study group data. The transport fraction (TF) of carboplatin, expressed as the fraction of the drug appearing in the fetal vein during a study period of 5 minutes, averaged 9.00 ± 0.52% of bolus dose, while antipyrine TF averaged 68.60 ± 2.01% of injected bolus dose, representing 13.1% of reference marker value. Student's t-test showed carboplatin and reference marker TF values to be significantly different (p < 0.05). Pharmacokinetic parameters such as area under the curve, clearance, time for maximum response, and absorption and elimination rates of study and reference substances showed varying differences. Conclusions. We report for the first time that carboplatin transport from the maternal to the fetal circulation is relatively small in the human placenta at term. It is reasonable to assume that the risk for the neonate from carboplatin use in pregnancy is minimal when used in emergency clinical situations.
Reversible focal encephalic abnormalities in a patient with Guillain-Barré syndrome.

CICS: Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal.Correspondence: Catarina A. Cruto; Registrar in Neurology – Neurology Department, Hospital Pero da Covilha, Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira; Quinta do Alvito; 6200-251 Covilha - Portugal; E-mail: caticruto@gmail.comConflict of interest: There is no conflict of interest to declare.Received 11 December 2011; Received in final form 26 December 2011; Accepted 02 January 2012
Estudo da termodecomposição do lodo de esgoto e do residuo sólido vegetal usado na sorção de metais

Aldre Jorge Morais Barros Doutorando em Química pela UFPB. Mestre em Engenharia Sanitária pela UFCG. Químico Industrial pela UEPB. Valderi Duarte Leite Doutor em Hidráulica e Saneamento pela USP. Mestre em Engenharia Sanitária pela UFPB. Engenheiro Químico pela UFPB. Professor Titular do DQ/CCT/UEPB. Vandeci Dias dos Santos Doutora em Química pela USP. Bacharel em Química pela UFRN. Professora Titular do DQ/CCT/UEPB. José Carlos Oliveira Santos Doutor e Mestre em Química pela UFPB. Licenciado em Química pela UEPB. Professor Titular do DQ/CCT/UEPB. Antonio Gouveia Souza Doutor em Química pela UNICAMP. Bacharel em Química pela UFPB. Licenciado em Química pela UEPB. Professor Adjunto do DQ/CCEN/UFPB.
Using Devolution to Set the Agenda? Venue Shift and the Smoking Ban in Scotland

This article examines the changing agendas on smoking-related issues in Scotland. It charts the methods that groups, governments and MSPs use to frame and pursue or suppress discussion of the prohibition of smoking in public places. The article presents two narratives—one which stresses ‘new politics’ and the ability of groups to influence policy through Scottish Parliamentary procedures, and another which stresses Scottish Executive ‘business as usual’ and presents smoking legislation as a logical progression from early ministerial commitments. A combination of narratives suggests that tobacco legislation in Scotland was by no means part of an inevitable international trend towards prohibition and this article traces the precise conditions or ‘policy windows’ in which decisions take place. The discussion highlights the often unsettled nature of the devolution settlement and the ability of Scottish issues to influence UK agendas.
Cardiac surgery in a patient with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

A 44-year-old woman who had been diagnosed with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, presented with chest pain. Angiography revealed critical distal left main stenosis and proximal stenoses of the left anterior descending and circumflex arteries. Prophylactic antibiotics, infusion of blood products and mannitol intraoperatively, and antithrombotic therapy postoperatively ensured a good outcome of coronary artery bypass graft surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass.
Interleukin-10 inhibits tumor metastasis, downregulates MHC class I, and enhances NK lysis.

We have engineered highly aggressive murine mammary tumor cell line 410.4 to express interleukin-10 (IL-10) and compared the behavior in vivo of these cells to parental 410.4 and 410.4 transfected with the control plasmid (410.4-neo). Transplantation of parental 410.4 and 410.4-neo tumor cells to syngeneic mice resulted in progressive growth and death from pulmonary metastases. In contrast, both subcutaneous growth and metastatic disease were completely inhibited by IL-10 expression. We had shown previously that the antimetastatic activity of IL-10 is expressed in T-cell-deficient mice but is lost when NK activity is suppressed. This study confirms that IL-10 is dependent on NK activity, since no therapeutic effect is seen in C.B-17/IcrCrl-SCID/Beige mice which lack T, B, and NK cell function. We compared the sensitivity to NK lysis of four IL-10-expressing clones with 410.4 and 410.4-neo and found that IL-10 expression resulted in enhanced NK lysis of all four clones. Furthermore, IL-10 expression was correlated with decreased surface expression of MHC class I Kd, Ld, and Dd. Pretreatment of IL-10-expressing cell lines with IFN-gamma reversed the class I downregulation and reduced the sensitivity of these cells to NK lysis. Taken together, these studies in vitro and in vivo are consistent with a mechanism by which IL-10 expression downregulates class I expression, leading to enhanced NK lysis of tumor cells, resulting in control of metastatic disease.
DCT Image Steganography Analysis for Privacy Preserving Data Mining

We live in an information era where sensitive information extracted from data mining systems is vulnerable to exploitation. Privacy preserving data mining aims to prevent the discovery of sensitive information. Information hiding systems provide excellent privacy and confidentiality, where securing confidential communications in public channels can be achieved using steganography. A cover media are exploited using steganography techniques where they hide the payload's existence within appropriate multimedia carriers. This paper aims to study steganography techniques in spatial and frequency domains, and then analyzes the performance of Discrete Cosine Transform DCT based steganography using the low frequency and the middle frequency to compare their performance using Peak Signal to Noise Ratio PSNR and Mean Square Error MSE. The experimental results show that middle frequency has the larger message capacity and best performance.
Two components of [Ca2+]i‐activated Cl‐ current during large [Ca2+]i transients in single rabbit heart Purkinje cells.

1. Single Purkinje cells, enzymatically isolated from rabbit ventricle, were studied under whole‐cell voltage clamp conditions and internally perfused with the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator fura‐2(100 microM). 2. Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum was either induced by external application of caffeine or occurred spontaneously in Ca2+i‐overloaded cells. Membrane currents accompanying these Ca(2+)‐release signals were studied at steady membrane potentials. 3. [Ca2+]i transients were accompanied by transient membrane currents. In the absence of Na(+)‐Ca2+ exchange, two current components could be observed. The first component peaked well before the [Ca2+]i transient (Ifast) and relaxed before peak [Ca2+]i. The second component, on the other hand, peaked at the time when [Ca2+]i was maximal (Islow). 4. In symmetrical Cl‐ solutions both current components had a reversal potential close to O mV. A reduction of external or internal [Cl‐] shifted this reversal potential in accordance with the change of the Cl‐ equilibrium potential. 5. Each [Ca2+]i transient was accompanied by Ifast. Properties of Ifast suggest that this current component is the [Ca2+]i‐dependent Cl‐ current, ICl(Ca), previously observed during depolarizing pulses. 6. Islow was only detected in cells that displayed a large [Ca2+]i transient with or without elevated resting [Ca2+]i. 7. It is concluded that during large [Ca2+]i transients a slow component of ICl(Ca) can be activated. This second component may arise from the same channel population as the previously described fast component and be related to the presence of spatial and temporal inhomogeneities of [Ca2+]i. Alternatively, this current component may arise from a different Cl‐ channel population with a different Ca2+ sensitivity.
Probucol: A new cholesterol‐lowering drug effective in patients with type II hyperlipoproteinemia

Type II hyperlipoproteinemia or hyperbetalipoproteinemia (B‐HLP), a condition with considerable atherogenic potential, is one of the most difficult lipid disorders requiring treatment. Since this abnormality responds minimally to dietary therapy alone, supplemental drug therapy is usually essential. Although the available bile‐sequestering resins are effective in B‐HLP, these substances are unpalatable and constipating. Since lifelong drug therapy is necessary as an adjunct to diet in the treatment of B‐HLP, the ideal drug should be both effective and well tolerated. Probucol, a new cholesterol‐lowering drug in tablet form without serious adverse effects, was evaluated in a 12‐wk double‐blind crossover trial in 11 patients with B‐HLP whose serum cholesterol levels were in excess of 275 mg/dl. Probucol, in a dosage of 500 mg twice daily, produced a 10% or greater reduction in serum cholesterol levels in all 11 patients. Serum cholesterol was lowered (p < 0.01) from 353 to 291 mg/dl in the entire group receiving probucol. There was no significant change (p > 0.1) in serum cholesterol (352 mg/dl) during placebo administration. There were no untoward drug effects during the study, and all patients maintained excellent compliance to the schedule of medication. These results indicate that probucol possesses considerable cholesterol‐lowering activity and may be a promising new nontoxic therapeutic agent in type II hyperlipoproteillemia.
Excitatory amino acids as a final common pathway for neurologic disorders.

In many neurologic disorders, injury to neurons may be caused at least in part by overstimulation of receptors for excitatory amino acids, including glutamate and aspartate. These neurologic conditions range from acute insults such as stroke, hypoglycemia, trauma, and epilepsy (Table 1) to chronic neurodegenerative states such as Huntington's disease, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) dementia complex, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and perhaps Alzheimer's disease (Table 2)1–3. Glutamate is the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, and its interactions with specific membrane receptors are responsible for many neurologic functions, including cognition, memory, movement, and sensation4. In addition, excitatory .
Synergistic mechanisms by which sirolimus and cyclosporin inhibit rat heart and kidney allograft rejection

The studies presented herein examined the mechanism(s) whereby sirolimus (SRL) and cyclosporin (CsA) act synergistically to block allograft rejection. Combination index (CI=1 reflects additive, CI<1 antagonistic, and CI<1 synergistic, effects) analysis documented potent synergism between SRL and CsA to block allograft rejection. Combinations of the two drugs produced synergistic prolongation of heart (CI=0.001–0.2) or kidney (CI=0.03–0.5) allograft survival at SRL/CsA ratios ranging from 1:12.5 to 1:200. Pharmacokinetic analysis of the individual drugs showed that CsA does not affect the blood levels of SRL, and SRL mildly increases the levels of CsA in SRL/CsA‐treated rats. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to document that both subtherapeutic (1.0 mg/kg) and therapeutic (2.0 or 4.0 mg/kg) CsA doses inhibited the expression of interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) (P<0.03) and IL‐2 (P<0.003) mRNA produced by T helper (Th) 1 cells, as well as IL‐10 (P<0.001), but not IL‐4 (NS) mRNA produced by Th2 cells. Contrariwise, all tested SRL doses (0.02, 0.04 or 0.08 mg/kg) did not affect cytokine mRNA expression. However, heart allografts from rat recipients treated with synergistic SRL/CsA doses displayed reduced levels of IFN‐γ (P<0.01), IL‐2 (P<0.001) and IL‐10 (P<0.001) mRNA. Thus, because subtherapeutic doses of CsA reduce Th1/Th2 activity, thereby facilitating the inhibition of signal transduction by low does of SRL, the two agents act synergistically to inhibit allograft rejection.
Conversational biometrics

In this paper, we present a new modality for speaker recognition: conversational biometrics. By combining diverse simultaneous conversational technologies, high accuracy transparent speaker recognition becomes possible even in channel or environment mis-matches. For speaker identi(cid:12)cation over very large populations, we combine dialogs to reduce the set of confusable speakers and text-independent speaker identi(cid:12)cation to pin-point the actual speaker. Similarly, dialogs with personal random or prede(cid:12)ned questions are used to perform simultaneously knowledge-based and acoustic-based veri(cid:12)cations of the user. Adequate design of the dialog allows to tailor the ROC curves to the needs of most applications.
Force Calculation of Magnetized Bodies in Contact Using Kelvin's Formula and Virtual Air-Gap

In this paper it is shown that Kelvin's formula can be implemented in a simple way using the external field, which is calculated from the virtual air-gap scheme recently proposed by the authors. External fields of all finite elements come from only one FEM solution. This implementation provides consistent numerical results of force calculation whether a magnetic body is in contact with another or not. The validity of this proposed method for magnetic force calculation is shown by numerical comparisons with other well-known methods