Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Indeks Glisemik Kacang-Kacangan

Nutritional management for diabetic patients based on selection of low available carbohydrate foods has been crificized because the same availability of carbohydrate in different foods may resub in different degree of glycemic response. This management is now being corrected by additional aid in selecting foods with the glycemic index (GI) of foods. GI is a measure of the glycemic response to the carbohydrate component within a food relative to the response to an equal carbohydrate portion of reference food (glucose or white bread). In Indonesia, data of the glycemic index of foods is still very limited. The objectives of the research are to provide GI of selected legumes, including red bean (Viqna umbellata), Mung bean (Phaseolus aureus), cow pea (Viffna sinensis ENDL), pigeon pea (Caianus cajan MILLSPAUGH), edible podded peas (Pisum sativum LINN) and soy bean (Glycine max MERR). Eleventh health and nonnal volunteers (not diabetic) were provided. The volunteers took an overnight fasting, blood were drawn in the morning and analyzed for serum glucose. Then they were given the test legumes containing total carbohydrates equivalent to 25-9 glucose to be consumed. Blood samples were drawn for glucose measurement every 30 minutes until 120 min afler meal. Serum glucose was determined enzymatically and the glucose responses were drawn graphically. The GI of the beans studied was lowest for red bean (26) and highest for mung bean (76), Edible podded pea and soy bean had similar value of GI be. 30 and 31; whereas pigeon and cow pea had a higher value i. e. 35 and 51, respectively.
Improved detection and performance of surface expression from the AIDA-I autotransporter

The autotransporter family of Gram-negative protein exporters has been exploited for surface expression of recombinant passenger proteins. While the passenger in some cases was successfully translocated, a major problem has been low levels of full-length protein on the surface due to proteolysis following export over the cytoplasmic membrane. The aim of the present study was to increase the surface expression yield of the model protein SefA, a Salmonella enterica fimbrial subunit with potential for use in vaccine applications, by reducing this proteolysis through process design using Design of Experiments methodology. Cultivation temperature and pH, hypothesized to influence periplasmic protease activity, as well as inducer concentration were the parameters selected for optimization. Through modification of these parameters, the total surface expression yield of SefA was increased by 200 %. At the same time, the yield of full-length protein was increased by 300 %, indicating a 33 % reduction in proteolysis.
Cranial morphology of the Cretaceous eutherian mammal Barunlestes

choanae, the presphenoid with a prominent median process, very large pterygoid process of basisphenoid, a fissura Glaseri, postglenoid process extending only opposite the medial part of glenoid fossa, large promontorium, foramen arteriae stapediae, sulcus arteriae stapediae, no sulcus arteriae promontorii. Large promontoria and large olfactory bulbs indicate strong development of auditory and olfactory senses in Barunlestes. Basicranial structure of Barunlestes supports Presley's (1979) idea that the primitive mammalian morphotype with two vessels (medial internal carotid and promontory), should be revised.
Fidelity of heterozygote balance and contributor proportions before and after post-PCR purification of low template two-person mixtures

Reliable detection of low template DNA (LTDNA) is dependent on reproducible allelic peaks and use of appropriately set thresholds. Analyzing LTDNA at different thresholds than high template DNA samples is discouraged by some scientists [1]. Thus, enhancing LTDNA samples is preferred if thresholds set for high template DNA are maintained for LTDNA samples. Post-amplification purification with the use of silica columns increases peak heights of single source LTDNA, while maintaining heterozygote balances of the sample before purification. LTDNA samples are difficult to interpret due to stochastic effects: allelic dropout and heterozygote imbalance. Interpretation of LTDNA mixtures is even more complex due to allelic sharing between contributors and allelic masking by artifacts. To determine if post-amplification purification of DNA from two-person LTDNA mixtures can improve profile interpretation, variable concentrations and mixture ratios of saliva extracts were applied to Macherey-Nagel NucleoSpin® and Qiagen MinElute® columns. The peak heights and heterozygote balance of two-person LTDNA mixtures were compared before and after purification with each silica column. Contributor proportion
Role of Alveolar Macrophages in Productions of Prostaglandin D₂ and E₂ in the Inflamed Lung

Our previous study showed that lungs infected by Pseudomonas, a gram-negative bacteria, produce prostaglandin D₂ (PGD₂) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE₂), the two major prostanoids generated by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and that the ratio of PGD₂ and PGE₂ can affect the outcome of the bacterial lung infection. In this study, we sought to uncover the mechanism that determines the ratio of PGD₂ and PGE₂ produced in lung inflammation. When treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), primary alveolar macrophages, extracted from mouse lung, more PGE₂ was produced than PGD₂, whereas MH-S, a murine alveolar macrophage cell line, produced more PGD₂ than PGE₂ in a similar experiment. Western blot analyses showed that the kinetics of COX-2 expression in both cell types is similar and epigenetic silencing of COX-2 expression did not affect expressions of lipocalin-PGD synthase (L-PGDS) and PGE synthase (mPGES-1), major enzymes synthesizing PGD₂ and PGE₂ in inflammation, respectively, indicating no effect of COX-2 on expressions of the two enzymes. Expressions of L-PGDS and mPGES-1 were also similar in both cell types, suggesting no effect of the two key enzymes in determining the ratio of PGD₂ and PGE₂ in these cells. A single intraperitoneal injection of LPS to C57BL/6 mice induced COX-2 expression and, similar to alveolar macrophages, produced more PGE₂ than PGD₂ in the lung. These results suggest that the differential expressions of PGD₂ and PGE₂ in the lung reflect those in alveolar macrophages and may not be directly determined by the enzymes responsible for PGD₂ and PGE₂ synthesis.
Predicting changes in the abundance of African wetland birds by incorporating abundance–occupancy relationships into habitat association models

Aim To map changes in the abundance of African wetland birds using remotely derived habitat data. We show that abundance–occupancy relationships can be coupled with habitat association models to map changes in abundance. As conservation resources are more easily allocated when spatial and temporal patterns of abundance are known, our method provides guidance for conservation planning.
Bean seeds: leading nutraceutical source for human health

Phaseolus is the most important food legume for human consumption in the world. Its seeds consist mainly of carbohydrates and are a good source of nitrogen and protein. It also contains calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, copper, iron, zinc, manganese and sulfur. This legume is rich in bioactive components such as enzyme inhibitors, lectins, phytates, oligosaccharides and phenolics, which exhibit metabolic roles in humans and animals. Among the observed biological activities are the antioxidant capacity, the reduction of cholesterol and reduction of low-density lipoproteins, thus Phaseolus has a protective effect against cardiovascular diseases. Also it has shown favourable effects against cancer because of the antimutagenic and antiproliferative properties of their phenolics, lectins and protease inhibitors. Additionally, it has showed effects on obesity and diabetes due to its content of resistant starch and α-amylase inhibitor. Here we present a review of the beneficial properties of beans as a nutraceutical food.
Fixation of CO2 and export of photosynthate by the carpel in.

Pods of Pisum sativum cv. Meteor were supplied with 14CO2 and the fixation and distribution of the radiocarbon studied. A high fixation rate was found in all of the treated pods. In intact control plants about 60 per cent of the total radiocarbon fixed was exported from the carpet into the seeds of the treated pod in the 24 hour period following fixation. Almost all of the remainder was relained in the carpel itself. It was found that the seeds in the treated pod were the major sink for these fixation products and that the weight of the seed determined the level of import of radiocarbon from the carpel in both attached and detached pods. Removal of the seeds from the treated pod prior to 14CO2 treatment reduced export from the fed carpel from 60 to 15 per cent, this being distributed mainly in the other pods and stem fractions. It appears that carpet photosynthate is likely to be of great importance in the growth and development of seeds enclosed by the carpel. control of fixation and export of radiocarbon seemed to be a function of the carpel and the seeds enclosed by the carpel and to be relatively independent of the rest of the plant. This could explain the absence of effect of GA on these processes.
EFFECTIVENESS OF STOCKING TAGGED SEA TROUT SMOLTS INTO REDA RIVER AND PUCK BAY

Studies were carried out on the distribution, growth, and efficiency stocking of tagged sea trout smolts into the Reda River and the Puck Bay. 13880 individuals of tagged, one, two and three years old sea trout smolts were released in 1964-1971. Tag returns were low, from 0.1 to 3.4. They were related to stocking site and fish age. Fish growth rate was high: average body length after the first year spent in the sea was 43.9 cm, and body weight - 1668 g, after the second year - 63.9 cm and 3279 g, and after the third year - 70.2 and 4207 g. Tagged trout were found throughout the Baltic Sea, reaching the region ICES-28. Most trout (63%), however, were harvested in the region ICES-26. Polish fishermen caught 71.1% of tagged fish. As regards foreign crews the highest share of tagged trout were harvested by Danes - 15.9%.
The Future of Biotechnology in the Barnyard

Summary Since the onset of the modern era of biotechnology in 1973, scientists have made impressive strides in developing new biotechnologies for agriculture (reviewed in Metabolic Modifiers, 1994; Etherton et al., 2003). Biotechnologies that enhance productivity and productive efficiency (feed consumed/unit of output) have been developed and approved for commercial use. Technologies that improve productive efficiency will benefit both producers and consumers because feed provision constitutes a major component (about 70%) of farm expenditures. Advances in biotechnology research have allowed impressive improvements to be made in diagnostic approaches, increasing microbial safety of food and improving animal health (reviewed in Etherton et al., 2003). The application of genomics, or the study of how genes (DNA) are organized and expressed, and bioinformatics in animal agriculture will provide new genetic markers for improved selection of all livestock species. Biotechnology also offers considerable potential to animal agriculture as a means to reduce nutrients and odors from manure as well as the volume of manure produced. Development and adoption of these biotechnologies will contribute to a more sustainable environment.
Local and systemic responses to Myzus persicae in Arabidopsis : a role for redox components

The mechanisms that enable plants to perceive and respond to aphids remain poorly characterised, particularly with respect to systemic signalling pathways. The aim of the studies reported in this thesis was to characterise the local and systemic signalling pathways induced by Myzus persicae infestation of Arabidopsis thaliana with translational aspects to potato (Solanum tuberosum). Particular emphasis was placed on the role of redox signalling pathways, which were studied in wild type A. thaliana (Col0) and in mutants that were deficient either in the major low molecular weight antioxidant ascorbic acid vitamin C defective 2 (vtc2) or in the abscisic acid (ABA) Insensitive-4 (ABI4) transcription factor or both components. Transcriptome analysis and metabolite profiling of leaves infested by M. persicae and on leaves from the same rosettes that were remote from the site of aphid attack revealed that the plant responses to aphids involved rapid local and systemic transcriptome re-programming in the absence of marked changes in the metabolite profiles. Moreover, the transcriptome reprogramming observed in infested leaves was different from the systemic response. The aphid-induced transcriptome signature of the infested leaves bore strong hallmarks of redox-signalling, salicylic acid (SA) signalling and ABA signalling, while that of the systemic leaves revealed a transcript profile where redox signalling was present but SA signalling was decreased. The vtc2 mutant showed decreased aphid fecundity, while aphid numbers were increased on the abi4 mutants. The differences in resistance to aphids between these genotypes are linked to alterations in ABA-dependent jasmonate-signalling pathways. When potato leaves were enriched in asorbate aphid fecundity was increased. These findings demonstrate the central role of redox signalling pathways in plant responses to aphids. Further characterisation of genes crucial for maintenance of redox homeostasis following aphid attack will inevitably facilitate development of aphid-resistant crops through GM technologies and marker-assisted selection.
EFFECT OF VERTICILLIUM DAHLIAE KLEB. ON COTTON YIELD AND FIBER TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Verticillium dahliae Kleb. on cotton yield and fiber technological properties, relationships among to disease and seed cotton yield, fiber yield and fiber technological properties and also determine susceptible and tolerant cotton varieties. The study was conducted in the Southeastern Anatolia Agricultural Research Institute’s experimental area during 2004-2006. The experiment was arranged as a randomized split block design with four replications. Main plot consisted of infected and non-infected area, sub-plot consisted of varieties. In this study 10 different commercial cotton varieties were grown to test the verticillium wilt performance. The results indicated that there were significant differences among varieties for all of the investigated characteristics. Area differences were significant for all of the investigated traits except ginning percentage. The results of the non-infected area showed that there were decreasing with regard to foliar disease index (FDI), vascular disease index (VDI), vascular disease rate (VDR), first picking percentage, fiber fineness, micronaire and yellowness; while increasing with regard to seed cotton yield, fiber yield, fiber length, strength, elongation, uniformity, reflectance and spinning consistecy index. Only ginning percentage was unaffected from area differences. With planting cotton varieties in non-infected area there were 323.60 kg ha -1 increase for seed cotton yield and 114.50 kg ha -1 for lint yield. Disease led to a decrease (7.86%) in seed cotton yield and (6.73%) in fiber yield. The results of this study indicated that GW-Teks, GW-Golda and Carmen varieties were tolerant; while Maras 92, Sayar 314 and Stoneville 453 were sensitive in terms of FDI, VDI and VDR and tolerant varieties can be used as parents in Verticillium breeding programs.
Reallocation and nutrient use efficiency in Antioquia central forests.

We have studied nutrient related variables such as reallocation, nutrient use efficiency (nue) and fine litter fall for three years in an oak forest Quercus humboldtii Bonpl. and also in some other forest plantations like pine, Pinus patula, and cypress, Cupressus lusitanica, in Antioquia, Colombia. Leaf litter quantities returned to the soil followed a falling sequence: oak (5313.3 kg ha year) > pine (4866.5 kg ha year) > cypress (2460.3 kg ha year). The coniferous species showed the highest nue for the majority of elements that were examined, except for P, which reached its absolute maximum in the oak forest –where a clear reallocation of this nutrient was also recorded–, probably because of its reduced availability in these volcanic Recepción: 19 de mayo de 2009 / Aprobación: 24 de julio de 2009 Revista Colombia Forestal Vol. 12: 119-140 / Diciembre 2009 FORESTAL 12.indd 119 5/18/10 4:51:55 PM Revista Colombia Forestal Vol. 12 Diciembre 2009 120 Retranslocación y eficiencia en el uso de nutrientes en bosques del centro de Antioquia ash-derived soils. Nutrient reallocation allows the conservation of the nutrients by reducing its loss from leaching and litter-fall, thereby closing the nutrient cycle in this native forest. In fact, P gains from net deposition were found there –this includes foliar leaching and atmospheric deposition–, which indicates that the species absorbs the P contained in rainfall from the leaves before it reaches the forest ground. N’s low-efficiency use was probably due to its low availability in soil, given its low mineralization rates in these montane forests. K showed the highest reallocation values. Such figures are influenced by its clearly mobile character, according to the highest net deposition levels also verified for this element. With the exception of Mg, there was no clear relationship between the reallocation process and nue.
The 'Knowledge Marketing': a way of TCR « Transformative Consumer Research » through awareness of consumer's skills [Le 'Knowledge Marketing' : une voie de la TCR « Transformative Consumer Research » via la prise de conscience des compétences du consommateur]

Dans cette etude, nous tentons d'analyser le comportement de consommation energetique des populations fragilisees a partir d'etudes menees dans trois regions francaises distinctes (Nord, Ile de France et Sud-ouest) en posant la problematique de recherche suivante : face a l'emergence des besoins, quelles sont les ressources et competences mises en oeuvre pour les satisfaire, et y at -il ou non prise de conscience de la transformation de ces ressources et competences requises, acquises voire nouvelles ? Dans un contexte difficile et incertain, les populations fragilisees sont amenees a prendre conscience ou non de leurs capacites et developpent pour certains des comportements de consommation afin de realiser des actions et arbitrages leur permettant d'affronter l'adversite et de mobiliser leurs diverses ressources. Nous allons, lors de cette presentation, identifier l'apport de la TCR et du Knowledge Marketing pour la prise de conscience ou non des ressources actionnees. La question de recherche qui accompagne la problematique est la suivante : "Comment le processus de prise de conscience par les populations fragilisees, a partir la mobilisation de leurs ressources et competences actionnees, transforme leur comportement » ?
Real-Time Characterization of Virulence Factor Expression in Yersinia pestis Using a Green Fluorescent Protein Reporter System

A real-time reporter system was developed to monitor the thermal induction of virulence factors in Yersinia pestis. The reporter system consists of a plasmid in Y. pestis in which the expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) is under the control of the promoters for six virulence factors, yopE, sycE, yopK, yopT, yscN, and lcrE/yopN, which are all components of the Type III secretion virulence mechanism of Y. pestis. Induction of the expression of these genes in vivo was determined by the increase in fluorescence intensity of GFP in real time. Basal expression levels observed for the Y. pestis promoters, expressed as percentages of the positive control with GFP under the control of the lac promoter, were: yopE (15%), sycE (15%), yopK (13%), yopT (4%), lcrE (3.3%) and yscN (0.8%). The yopE reporter showed the strongest gene induction following temperature transition from 26 C to 37 C. The induction levels of the other virulence factors, expressed as percentages of yopE induction, were: yopK (57%), sycE (9%), yscN (3%), lcrE (3%), and yopT (2%). The thermal induction of each of these promoter fusions was repressed by calcium, and the ratios of the initial rates of thermal induction without calcium supplementation compared tomore » the rate with calcium supplementation were: yopE (11 fold), yscN (7 fold), yopK (6 fold), lcrE (3 fold), yopT (2 fold), and sycE (2 fold). This work demonstrates a novel approach to quantify gene induction and provides a method to rapidly determine the effects of external stimuli on expression of Y. pestis virulence factors in real time, in living cells. « less
CONTROLLING SILICONE-SACCHARIDE INTERFACES THROUGH BORONIC ACID MODIFICATION OF SILICONE POLYMERS

Silicone elastomers, which are normally crosslinked using metal catalysts, are traditionally reinforced with mineral fillers. We report that renewable saccharides can instead be used to both crosslink and reinforce silicones. The grafting of boronic acids to silicone polymers gives materials that, when added to aqueous solutions of monoor polysaccharides, without catalysts, generated elastomers via the boronic acid interaction with saccharides. The efficiency of crosslinking, as shown by Young’s moduli, depended strongly on the specific saccharide and the density of boronic acid groups on the silicone. Simple silicones normally phase separate in water saccharide mixtures. However, pretreatment of silicone boronates with the saccharide phytoglycogen, followed by exposure to water, led to stable aqueous phytoglycogen/silicone dispersions (pastes). The different outcomes arising from the order of addition are attributed to better dispersion of the silicone and saccharide in the latter case. Rheological studies of the pastes showed that, unlike the elastomers, viscosities depended more on the fraction of silicone in saccharide; number of boronic acid contact points between the silicone and saccharide was only a minor contributor. The equilibrium concentration of sugar/boronate contacts, which stabilize the water/oil interfaces, remains high even at high concentrations of water and even when the specific binding constant for an individual saccharide is low.
Team‐Meeting Behaviors in Germany and the United States

Intercultural theories describe core differences between the German and US cultures, and team meetings provide a context for examining such differences. This entry summarizes theoretical approaches to differences between Germany and the US and recent empirical findings on different team interactions in German and US American teams. These findings show that German teams focus more on problem analysis, whereas US teams focus more on solution production. Moreover, German team meetings are characterized by more procedural communication than US team meetings. Finally, US teams show more positive socioemotional meeting behavior such as providing support or encouraging participation than German teams. Recommendations for improving social interactions in intercultural teams are provided.
Isolation, Identification, and Organoleptic Characterization of Low-Molecular-Weight Peptides from White Wine

Low-molecular-weight peptides were isolated by gel filtration and high-performance liquid chromatography from a base wine. Peptide purity was checked by capillary electrophoresis before identification by Edman degradation. Some synthetic peptides (Ile-Arg, Ile-Val, Phe-Lys, Tyr-Lys, Val-Ile, Lys-Met-Asn, Phe-Arg-Arg, and Ser-Lys-Thr-Ser-Pro-Tyr) corresponding to identified peptides were sensory tested. Three tastes (bitterness, sourness, and umami) were recognized. Their impact on wine flavor is discussed.