Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pronouns in three French-speaking Children with SLI: Evidence for Deviant Language Development

Les productions de pronoms démonstratifs et personnels chez trois enfants dysphasiques francophones âgés de 3 à 6 ans (MLU=1.4–4.08) ont été étudiées dans le cadre d’une étude longitudinale de cas. Pour chaque enfant, trois à quatre enregistrements (10-20min) ont été réalisés à des intervalles de 6 à 12 mois. Les analyses quantitatives et qualitatives des productions, omissions et erreurs révèlent des différences entre enfant dysphasique et enfant typique sur essentiellement deux faits : les omissions de pronoms objets ainsi que les nombres et types d’erreurs. Ces résultats préliminaires suggèrent d’une part que les pronoms objets mais aussi les erreurs peuvent être des marqueurs cliniques de la dysphasie en français, d’autre part que le développement des pronoms est davantage déviant qu’en retard chez les trois enfants.
Historical linguistics as a sequence optimization problem: the evolution and biogeography of Uto‐Aztecan languages

Language origins and diversification are vital for mapping human history. Traditionally, the reconstruction of language trees has been based on cognate forms among related languages, with ancestral protolanguages inferred by individual investigators. Disagreement among competing authorities is typically extensive, without empirical grounds for resolving alternative hypotheses. Here, we apply analytical methods derived from DNA sequence optimization algorithms to Uto‐Aztecan languages, treating words as sequences of sounds. Our analysis yields novel relationships and suggests a resolution to current conflicts about the Proto‐Uto‐Aztecan homeland. The techniques used for Uto‐Aztecan are applicable to written and unwritten languages, and should enable more empirically robust hypotheses of language relationships, language histories, and linguistic evolution.
Comparative study of protective effect of silymarin and n-acetyl cysteine on isoniazid induced hepatotoxicity in mice

Drug induced liver injury (DILI) leads to acute hepatitis in 10%, liver failure, and death in 30%. One of the major drugs causing DILI is Anti-tuberculous drugs and since tuberculosis is affecting 1/3rd of the total world population, their use is quite common. Use of Isoniazid (INH) is limited owing to hepatotoxicity following the stress produced by oxidative species. Silymarin has hepatoprotective potential because of anti-oxidant property. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) on the other hand triggers the cellular protective mechanisms by replenishing glutathione in the cells. The main aim of this study was to compare the hepatoprotective activity of Silymarin and NAC against INH induced toxicity. Total 50 BALB/C mice were sorted into a total of 5 groups, with 10 mice in each group for 2 weeks by random sampling. Control group was administered distilled water through I/P route daily. The INH group was administered I/P 100 mg/kg INH daily. The INH/Silymarin group was administered 150 mg/kg INH and 50 mg/kg Silymarin I/P daily. The INH/NAC group was administered 150mg/kg INH and 300mg/kg of NAC I/P daily. The INH/NAC/silymarin group was administered 150mg/kg INH, 300mg/kg of NAC and 50mg/kg of silymarin I/P daily. On day 14, the dissection of all the mice was done. Liver function tests were performed and histopathology was done. Both NAC and Silymarin demonstrated hepatoprotection that was statistically similar. However, the mice of silymarin group looked weak and less active and six dies within 5-8 days after the end of the experimental doses of the drugs. Conflicts of Interest: Declared None Funding: None
Cross-Border Regions and Sustainable Tourism Development

This paper examines the implications of cross-border cooperation for sustainable tourism development. It first highlights the important concept of scale, suggesting ways in which places collaborate across political divides at global, regional, bilateral and inter-local scales. Each of these scales is examined as it pertains to sustainable tourism, and the ways in which cross-boundary cooperation contributes to sustainable development through tourism is discussed, including environmental management, cultural resource management, operations management and marketing/promotion.
Design and Analysis of PV-DIESEL Hybrid Power System Case Study Sudan, El Daein (East Darfur)

This paper aims to design and to compare between four hybrid systems combination build from solar photovoltaic, battery and diesel generators to provide El Daein city east of Darfur state in Sudan with electric power, where most of electrical power supplied Darfur’s regions are mainly generated by diesel generator units isolated from the national grid. Homer software is used in simulation, the most optimize case is scenario 1, which consists of solar photovoltaic, diesel generator and battery. By comparing the base case which consists of diesel generators and the least cost scenario 1, the achievement is appeared in reducing diesel generators capacity only to 5,000 KW comparing with 7000 KW capacity, 2000 KW PV capacity besides a storage capacity of 2000 kwh, the initial capital cost of scenario 1 system is only $5.64M and the levelized cost of the whole PV system is 0.0584 $/kwh, also as an achievement a 11% reduction in fuel consumption by the diesel generator (DG) with the solar hybrid system, a 14% can be reduced as well on the operation and maintenance cost (OPEX). In Carbon footprint savings of 11% are also achieved as a result of the reduction in the burning of fossil fuel. Keywords— Solar Photovoltaic, El Daein city, Hybrid systems, Electricity in Sudan, Homer software Minimum, Sudan adopted the combination of PV with diesel.
Seed weight variability of antelope bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata: Rosaceae)

-Reproductive output in plants can be affected by a number of factors that can have lasting fitness consequences. Factors influencing seed weight in herbaceous plants have been thoroughly explored, but are relatively unknown in woody plants. This study provides data on variation in seed weight from over 240 antelope bitterbrush plants from 10 sites in the dry interior of British Columbia, Canada. I determined the relationship between seed weight and shrub and site characteristics. Seed weight varied over 9-fold, from 5 to 46 mg, and was skewed in favour of smaller seeds. Most of the variation in seed weight was attributable to variation within individual shrubs (63.2%) whereas different shrubs accounted for 29.1%. Different shrubs produced seeds of different mean weight as did different sites but no measured site or shrub characteristics were related to these seed weight differences. Average seed weight per shrub was not associated with shrub size or percent dieback. Average seed weight per site was not associated with browse intensity, density of knapweed or cheatgrass, shrub density, percent cover of bare soil, or cation exchange capacity of the soil. Seed weights of some antelope bitterbrush plants varied more than others; coefficient of variation ranged from 9 to 39%. Seed weight variability was positively correlated with the number of twigs browsed during the winter previous to seed production. Antelope bitterbrush is known to overcompensate twig production in response to browsing, and to forfeit the production of flowers in favour of twigs. I discuss how this might result in the development of more varied seed weights.
Ethanol Sensor using Cu doped ZnO Thin Film

Ethanol sensing characteristics of Cu doped Zinc Oxide thin films prepared by sol-gel dip coating method were reported in this article. The sol for dip coating was synthesized using Zinc acetate dehydrate (Zn (CH3COO2). 2HO) and organic polymer sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (NaCMC) as a starting material. Crystallite size was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the morphology was studied using field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The gas sensing characteristics was studied using chemiresistive method. And the Gas sensing parameters such us response time/recovery time, best lowest detection limit, of the thin film towards Ethanol were also highlighted.
HIGH PERMITTIVITY SUBSTRATE AND DGS TECHNIQUE FOR DUAL-BAND STAR-SHAPE SLOTTED MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA MINIATURIZATION

Three miniaturization techniques were combined in this work to achieve compact size while maintaining optimal performances of a dual-band star shape slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna (MPA) operating at 2.4 and 5 GHz resonant frequencies. High permittivity substrate and slot techniques were used for miniaturization and impedance matching improvement, while DGS technique was necessary for bandwidth enhancement and further miniaturization of the reference MPA. The miniaturized antenna shows a planar structure and occupies a very small area of 15.55× 19.80 mm2 achieving patch size area reduction of 71.24% and overall size reduction of 75.42%. Respectable positive gains were maintained with radiation efficiency exceeding 83% and 68% at 2.4 GHz and 5GHz, respectively. The reference and miniaturized MPAs were fabricated, then their performances were measured and compared to the simulated ones. The measured impedance bandwidths of the miniaturized MPA were around 38% and 13% at the two resonant frequencies, respectively, which confirm the originality and suitability of the miniaturized MPA for Wireless Local Area Network WLAN and ISM applications.
Special issue: The language of emotion – conceptual and cultural issues Numéro spécial: Le langage de l’émotion – questions conceptuelles et culturelles

This study explores the reasons why colour words and emotion words are frequently associated in the different languages of the world. One of them is connotative overlap between the colour term and the emotion term. A new experimental methodology, the Implicit Association Test (IAT), is used to investigate the implicit connotative structure of the Peninsular Spanish colour terms rojo (red), azul (blue), verde (green) and amarillo (yellow) in terms of Osgood’s universal semantic dimensions: Evaluation (good–bad), Activity (excited–relaxed) and Potency (strong–weak). The results show a connotative profile compatible with the previous literature, except for the valence (good–bad) of some of the colour terms, which is reversed. We suggest reasons for both these similarities and differences with previous studies and propose further research to test these implicit connotations and their effect on the association of colour with emotion words.
Seasonal Variation in Mycoflora Population in Subtropical Forest Soil of Uttarakhand, India

Forest soil is a rich habitat for the growth of microorganisms than other microbial habitats. Among these microorganisms, fungi are one of the dominant groups present in soil. Soil fungi are microscopic plant-like cells that grow in long threadlike structures or hyphae that make a mass called mycelium. The mycelium absorbs nutrients from the roots it has colonised, surface organic matter or the soil. It produces special hyphae that create the reproductive spores. Fungi live, multiply and die or disintegrate in the soil and thus they provide rich organic matter, which could be recycled as plant nutrition. This developed humus complex is a natural fertilizer mixed with soil and plays a very important role in the composition of soil (Rane and Gandhe, 2006).
Juvenile Hormone III Bisepoxide: New Member of the Insect Juvenile Hormone Family

237 INTRODUCTION 237 DISCOVERY AND IDENTIFICATION OF JUVENILE HORMONES WITH ONE EPOXY GROUP 238 A. Juvenile hormone I 238 B. Juvenile hormone II 239 C. Juvenile hormone III 239 D. Juvenile hormone °and iso-juvenile hormone ° 239 DISCOVERY AND IDENTIFICATION OF JUVENILE HORMONE WITH TWO EPOXY GROUPS 240 A. Phormia regina 240 B. Drosophila melanogaster 241 C. Calliphora vomitoria 242 D. Lucilia cuprina 242 E. Others 242 CONCLUSION 243 REFERENCES 243 CHINESE ABSTRACT 245
Decoding cytochrome c oxidase biogenesis: New insights into copper trafficking

Acquisition, delivery and incorporation of metals to their respective metalloproteins are important cellular processes. These processes are tightly controlled so that cells are not exposed to free metal concentrations that would lead to harmful oxidative damages. Cytochrome c oxidases (Cox) are among these metalloproteins whose assembly and activity involves incorporation of Cu cofactor into their catalytic subunits in addition to the maturation of other subunits. In this study, we focused on the pathways of acquisition of Cu by the facultative phototroph Rhodobacter capsulatus for incorporation into the heme–Cu binuclear center of its cbb3–type Cox (cbb3–Cox). Genetic screens identified a cbb3–Cox defective mutant that requires Cu2+ supplement to produce an active cbb3–Cox. Complementation of this mutant using wild-type genomic libraries unveiled a novel gene (ccoA) required for cbb3–Cox biogenesis in R. capsulatus. In the absence of CcoA, cellular content of Cu decreases, and cbb3–Cox assembly and activity becomes defective. CcoA shows pronounced homology to Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) type transporter proteins. Members of this family are known to transport small solutes or drugs, but so far, no MFS protein was implicated in cbb3–Cox biogenesis. In order to dissect the mechanism of Cu acquisition in the absence of CcoA, we isolated ΔccoA mutants that were cbb3–Cox defective after addition of Cu. Characterization of these mutants by genetic complementations revealed mutations in cytochrome c maturation (CCM) genes. These mutants were able to grow photosynthetically on the contrary to the usual phenotype of CCM genes deletion mutants. Here we show that these mutations are not directly involved in the Cu trafficking to CcoN but involved in the production of membrane bound cytochrome c subunits of cbb3–Cox. Although this study provides additional information about CCM system in R. capsulatus, the additional pathways of Cu acquisition to cbb3–Cox in the presence of exogenous Cu still remains to be identified. In the future, determination of ccoA bypass mutations will provide novel insights on the maturation and assembly of membrane-integral metalloproteins, and on hitherto unknown function(s) of MFS type transporters in bacterial Cu acquisition. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Biology First Advisor Fevzi Daldal
EVALUATION OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL INFLUENCE ON PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOSOCIAL HEALTH AT WORK

Currently cost-effectiveness criteria dominate in the practices of modern businesses. These latter are more attracted by the economic and management activities that enable the company to achieve excellent financial results. Nonetheless, statistics show a steady growth in the number of workers who have fallen victim to the various diseases, which are caused by excessive stress due to improper working methods and interpersonal relations at work. Toxic management practices have a significant disruptive impact on workers, their physical, social and psychological well-being. Thereby, there is underestimated social aspect of a negative impact of an organization's economic activities on psychosocial health at work that we consider as social pollution. The aim of the paper is to present current research focused on indepth studies into the factors of the business environment which affect physical and psychological well-being of the workers. The paper builds on the basis of previous literature and desk-data on toxic management practices as well as on empirical analysis. The research comprises a questionnaire survey, which was carried out in order to reveal the most significant components of the toxicity of the intra-organizational environment. These factors must be brought under control in order to enhance the workers’ well-being in the workplace.
Lepiotaceous fungi (Agaricaceae) in the Iranian part of Caucasia

In this research, lepiotaceous fungi belonging to the family Agaricaceae were collected and identified from the Iranian part of Caucasia. As a result of these investigations, 14 species belonging to 6 genera (Chlorophyllum Massee, Cystolepiota Singer, Lepiota (Pers.) Gray, Leucoagaricus Locq. ex Singer, Leucocoprinus Pat. , and Macrolepiota Singer) were identified. Of the species identified, Chlorophyllum molybdites (G.Mey.) Massee, Cystolepiota seminuda (Lasch) Bon, Lepiota clypeolarioides Rea, Lepiota felina (Pers.) P.Karst. , and Leucocoprinus ianthinus (Cooke) P.Mohr are new for Iranian fungus biota.
Demand analysis projections for recreational visits to countryside woodlands in Great Britain

Forests and woodlands have long been associated with tourism and recreation and there is a growing demand for improved planning tools to measure and maximize amenity value from policy intervention. Building on earlier studies, this study develops a trip generation function (TGF) to predict visit rates to public and privately owned forest sites in Great Britain. Using a zonal approach, the models were based on visit counts to 100 countryside woodland sites. A survey of forest managers was made to collect data on facilities and characteristics, and geographical information systems analysis was used to define outset zones and compile data on the population living within the zones and the quality and accessibility of alternative woodlands. A series of stand-alone TGFs were developed. In addition to size of population living within a 2-h travel time and substitute-site accessibility, the results highlighted the importance of the number of site facilities in determining visit rates. The results of a cross-validation suggest that the TGFs are sufficiently robust to predict visitor numbers at an aggregate level. However, the current value of this type of modelling to forest management decision making, and further advancement in modelling to allow transferability of results to unsurveyed sites is currently constrained by a number of data limitations, including the quality of available visit data.
Semi-Confusing Information Systems Revisited: The Role of Inefficiencies in the Enactment of Ambidexterity

: Forty years ago, Bo Hedberg and Sten Jönsson proposed the notion of semi-confusing information systems as a desired state for organizations operating in dynamic environments. Core to the idea was that mere efficiency is not enough for long-term success, but that organizations also require a certain amount of inefficiency. These ideas resonate within the growing literature on organizational ambidexterity, in which the dynamic balancing of exploration and exploitation is deemed a prerequisite for long-term performance. This study utilizes the design characteristics of semi-confusing information systems as a lens for secondary analysis of a case of new product development in a global, automotive organization. The findings show that inefficiencies in the new product development process correspond to the proposed design characteristics of semi-confusing information systems, opening up for a new take on the role of inefficiencies in the enactment of ambidexterity. The identified inefficiencies are manifested in unsanctioned repertoires which result in increased variety. In addition, the level of compliance with semi-confusing information systems characteristics is found to impact both the ambidextrous balance and the decentralization of the enactment of ambidexterity.
Phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography of tribes and genera in the subfamily Nymphalinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

We infer for the first time the phylogenetic relationships of genera and tribes in the ecologically and evolutionarily well-studied subfamily Nymphalinae using DNA sequence data from three genes: 1450 bp of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) (in the mitochondrial genome), 1077 bp of elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1- a ) and 400-403 bp of wing- less (both in the nuclear genome). We explore the influence of each gene region on the support given to each node of the most parsimonious tree derived from a combined analysis of all three genes using Partitioned Bremer Support. We also explore the influence of assuming equal weights for all characters in the combined analysis by investigating the stability of clades to different transition/transversion weighting schemes. We find many strongly supported and stable clades in the Nymphalinae. We are also able to identify 'rogue' taxa whose positions are weakly supported (the different gene regions are in conflict with each other) and unstable. Our main conclusions are: (1) the tribe Coeini as currently constituted is untenable, and Smyrna, Colobura and Tigridia are part of Nymphalini; (2) 'Kallimini' is paraphyletic with regard to Melitaeini and should be split into three tribes: Kallimini s.s. , Junoniini and Victorinini; (3) Junoniini, Victorinini, Melitaeini and the newly circumscribed Nymphalini are strongly supported monophyletic groups, and (4) Precis and Junonia are not synonymous or even sister groups. The species Junonia coenia , a model system in developmental biology, clearly belongs in the genus Junonia . A dispersal-vicariance analysis suggests that dispersal has had a major effect on the distributions of extant species, and three biotic regions are identified as being centres of diversification of three major clades: the Palaearctic for the Nymphalis -group, the Afrotropics for Junoniini and the Nearctic for Melitaeini. © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2005, 86 , 227-251. ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: DIVA - molecular phylogeny - Partitioned Bremer Support - sensitivity analysis.
Regulation and function of Staphylococcus aureus secreted proteases on biofilm integrity

ii To my lovely wife Tiara, for her constant encouragement and smiles iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to start off by thanking my mentor Alex. He has really helped push me to be a great scientist throughout my graduate career. He has always encouraged me to ask questions and I feel like a more confident scientist because of his help. I had numerous opportunities in the Horswill laboratory including being able to attend four scientific conferences and have had a high level of freedom to do what I wished with the projects I was given or offered. You simply cannot ask for more than that as a graduate student. I would also like to thank the members of the lab, both past and present. Magnet and Megan each helped me out a time or two (rarely more than that). Michael has helped keep me sane at times although I generally question his sanity, and I thank him for always keeping it interesting. Cherie and Jeff deserve a special thank you for all the hard work they do to keep the lab moving and also their endless help in all aspects of science and life. I would also like to thank my committee for all the project advice as well as career advice. Dr. A. deserves a special shout-out from Waterloo for getting me so interested in research in the first place and giving me my first opportunity as an undergrad. I will always appreciate his mentoring and stern looks. Our collaborators Benson (NYU) each highly contributed to these projects and there help is much appreciated. Finally, I've got to thank my family and friends. They give me a reason to go through a thing like graduate school. I'm eternally grateful for their help in making me the person I am today. Most importantly, my beautiful wife Tiara deserves all the thanks in the world. We met during graduate school and while I am not always sure about my career choice, I will never regret meeting you, loving you, and having you in my life. iv ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus is a known cause of chronic biofilm infections. Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of proteinaceous material in the biofilm matrix. S. aureus secretes at least ten proteases and there is growing evidence that these enzymes have self-cleavage roles that alter biofilm integrity. The goal of this dissertation is to characterize the …