Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stability of the A15 phase in diblock copolymer melts

Significance Block copolymers are prevalent throughout industry and academe due to their self-assembly into well-ordered nanostructures, but only a handful of morphologies are known with the simplest materials built from two chemically distinct blocks. In this article, we report that AB diblock copolymers can also self-assemble into a structure known as the A15 phase. Theory and experiments indicate A15 occurs throughout a substantial region of phase space with suitable differences in the space-filling characteristics of each block. The observed temperature-dependent phase transitions can only be explained using fully fluctuating field-theoretic simulations, which provide evidence that composition fluctuations play a key role in the self-assembly of block copolymers into the larger class of tetrahedrally close-packed sphere phases. The self-assembly of block polymers into well-ordered nanostructures underpins their utility across fundamental and applied polymer science, yet only a handful of equilibrium morphologies are known with the simplest AB-type materials. Here, we report the discovery of the A15 sphere phase in single-component diblock copolymer melts comprising poly(dodecyl acrylate)−block−poly(lactide). A systematic exploration of phase space revealed that A15 forms across a substantial range of minority lactide block volume fractions (fL = 0.25 − 0.33) situated between the σ-sphere phase and hexagonally close-packed cylinders. Self-consistent field theory rationalizes the thermodynamic stability of A15 as a consequence of extreme conformational asymmetry. The experimentally observed A15−disorder phase transition is not captured using mean-field approximations but instead arises due to composition fluctuations as evidenced by fully fluctuating field-theoretic simulations. This combination of experiments and field-theoretic simulations provides rational design rules that can be used to generate unique, polymer-based mesophases through self-assembly.
Instructional Strategies for Game-Based Learning

Although it could be assumed that playing games lifts intrinsic motivation and that this must have an effect on the cognitive processes of the player, it is still not known how to develop an educational game with the same positive effects. Thus, the challenge for GBL is rather significant in determining how to design and develop good educational games and how to integrate them into the teaching and learning process so that students’ motivation and learning are qualitatively improved. This chapter’s main objectives are to describe some of the current GBL models proposed by the literature used to analyze, design, and integrate games in education and, on the other, to propose and describe a methodology developed by the author to create educational games. The assumption is that this type of information could aid instructional designers and educators—and even commercial game designers—interested in developing good GBL experiences.
Dolphins in a bottle: abundance, residency patterns and conservation of bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus in the semi-closed eutrophic Amvrakikos Gulf, Greece

1. Boat surveys were conducted between 2002 and 2005 to study bottlenose dolphins living in the 400 km2 Amvrakikos Gulf, western Greece. During 116 survey days, 4705 km of total effort resulted in the individual photo-identification of 106 animals, through long-term natural markings on their dorsal fins. 2. Mark–recapture analyses based on the Mth model provided estimates of 82 marked individuals in 2003 (95% CI=80–91), 92 in 2004 (95% CI=86–108) and 98 in 2005 (95% CI=94–110). To include the unmarked portion of the population, the proportion of unmarked individuals was computed based on the number of photographs of marked and unmarked dorsal fins. The mean proportion of unmarked animals in the population was 0.338 (95% CI=0.288–0.389). By adding this to the estimate for marked animals in 2005, considered as the most robust, a total population estimate of 148 individuals (95% CI=132–180) was obtained. 3. Dolphin encounter rates in 2003–2005 did not show significant variations, and averaged 7.2 groups per 100 km or 72.5 individuals per 100 km. Encounter rates within the Gulf were about one order of magnitude greater than those found for bottlenose dolphins in nearby eastern Ionian Sea coastal waters. 4. Mean dolphin density in the Gulf was 0.37 animals km−2. This relatively high density, together with high levels of site fidelity shown by most individuals, was thought to be related primarily to prey availability, particularly of epipelagic schooling fish. 5. The importance of the semi-closed Amvrakikos Gulf for bottlenose dolphins and other threatened species encourages the adoption of measures aimed to conserve its valuable ecosystems and raise the naturalistic profile of the area, while promoting environment-conscious development. Meaningful action includes restoring natural hydrology (e.g. freshwater input from rivers), curtailing pollution from various sources, responsible fisheries and aquaculture management, and control of illegal fishing. Interactions between dolphins and fisheries also deserve careful quantitative investigation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Hierarchical Watershed Model of Fluid Intelligence in Childhood and Adolescence

Abstract Fluid intelligence is the capacity to solve novel problems in the absence of task-specific knowledge and is highly predictive of outcomes like educational attainment and psychopathology. Here, we modeled the neurocognitive architecture of fluid intelligence in two cohorts: the Centre for Attention, Leaning and Memory sample (CALM) (N = 551, aged 5–17 years) and the Enhanced Nathan Kline Institute—Rockland Sample (NKI-RS) (N = 335, aged 6–17 years). We used multivariate structural equation modeling to test a preregistered watershed model of fluid intelligence. This model predicts that white matter contributes to intermediate cognitive phenotypes, like working memory and processing speed, which, in turn, contribute to fluid intelligence. We found that this model performed well for both samples and explained large amounts of variance in fluid intelligence (R2CALM = 51.2%, R2NKI-RS = 78.3%). The relationship between cognitive abilities and white matter differed with age, showing a dip in strength around ages 7–12 years. This age effect may reflect a reorganization of the neurocognitive architecture around pre- and early puberty. Overall, these findings highlight that intelligence is part of a complex hierarchical system of partially independent effects.
Diagnostic Performance of PET or PET/CT Using 18F-FDG Labeled White Blood Cells in Infectious Diseases: A Systematic Review and a Bivariate Meta-Analysis

Background: Diagnostic performance of positron emission tomography using white blood cells labeled with fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG-WBC PET or PET/CT) in patients with suspicious infectious diseases has been evaluated in several studies; however, there is no consensus about the diagnostic accuracy of this method. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out on this topic. Methods: A comprehensive computer literature search screening PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane library databases through March 2019 was performed. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR−), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of 18F-FDG-WBC PET or PET/CT in patients with infectious diseases were calculated. Results: Eight studies on the use of 18F-FDG-WBC PET or PET/CT in suspicious infectious diseases were discussed in the systematic review. The meta-analysis of seven studies (236 patients) provided these pooled results on a per patient-based analysis: sensitivity was 86.3% [95% confidence interval (95%CI) 75–92.9%], specificity 92% (95%CI 79.8–97.1%), LR+ 6.6 (95%CI: 3.1–14.1), LR− 0.2 (95%CI: 0.12–0.33), DOR 43.5 (95%CI: 12.2–155). A statistically significant heterogeneity was not detected. Conclusions: Despite limited literature data, 18F-FDG-WBC PET or PET/CT demonstrated a good diagnostic accuracy for the diagnosis of infectious diseases; nevertheless, larger studies are needed.
A study to assess the knowledge on foot care among type-2 diabetic clients at SVIMS OPD, Tirupati

Introduction: Foot ulcers and amputations are a major cause morbidity, disability as well as emotional and physical costs for people with diabetes. Good knowledge on foot care well reduce the risk of diabetic foot complications and ultimately amputation. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge on foot care among type-2 diabetic clients at SVIMS OPD, Tirupati. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted on clients who were comes to Endocrinology SVIMS OPD, Tirupati, in the year of 2017. They were interviewed with checklist of 28 ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ questions on foot care knowledge. Analysis: The level of knowledge, whether good or poor, was determined based on the median score of each category. The result was tested using a Chi-square test. Result: A total of 100 clients were included in this study. The majority of the clients (44%) had moderate knowledge, while (29%) had adequate knowledge and remaining (27%) had inadequate knowledge on foot care. Conclusion and recommendations: There is a significant association between knowledge levels on diabetic foot care with the socio-demographic variables. These findings suggested that extensive health education program were needed to bring awareness among type-2 diabetic clients. So nurses need to encourage by organizing health education program on foot care among type-2 diabetic clients.
Alteration of some Hepatic Enzyme Activities by Gastrointestinal Helminth Parasites in Domesticated Ostritches.

Using the conventional methods for parasitological examinations of the salt floatation and direct smear, ten ostriches infected with internal parasites were identified. Ten birds that were without internal parasites were used as the controls. The metabolizing enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPX), DT -diaphorase (DTD) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) were assayed accordingly using liver samples from the control and infected birds. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of lipid peroxdation, was also assayed. Results showed that cestode eggs occurred at twice the amount of nematode eggs in the faeces of infected ostriches. Infected birds showed significantly higher DTD activity when compared to non-infected birds (Student’s t test, p 0.05). MDA levels were significantly elevated in infected birds compared to controls (Student’s t test, p < 0.001). These results suggest that infected birds are under oxidative stress due to the parasitic infection .
Diabetic hemodialysis: vitamin D supplementation and its related signaling pathways involved in insulin and lipid metabolism.

BACKGROUND We assessed the effects of vitamin D supplementation on the associated molecular mechanisms that are involved in insulin and lipid metabolism of diabetic hemodialysis (HD). METHODS A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out in 55 patients with diabetic HD. In the current project, we were used two groups which each subject received vitamin D supplements (50,000 IU, n=28) or placebo (50,000 IU, n=27) every 2 weeks for 12 weeks. Gene expression analyses (RT-PCR) were included to obtain the rate of gene expression of the related insulin and lipid metabolism genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with diabetic HD. RESULTS Our data revealed that consumption of vitamin D supplementation enables to over express the peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) (P=0.001), AKT (P=0.04), PI3K (P=0.02), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) (P0.008) and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT-4) (P=0.01) and down regulate expression of protein kinase C (PKC) (P=0.001) in the cases with diabetic HD than control group following the 12-week intervention. In addition, vitamin D supplementation down regulated low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) (P=0.03) expression in the subjects with diabetic HD than the control group. Vitamin D supplementation did not observe any effects on expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) (P=0.37), IRS2 (P=0.90) and lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] (P=0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirmed, diabetic HD subjects who were received the vitamin D supplementation (for 12 weeks), show a significant over expression in the PPAR-γ, AKT, PI3K, IRS1 and GLUT4 genes, and also show a significant down regulation in the PKC and LDLR genes. Moreover, did not observe any effects on PDK1, IRS2 and Lp(a) expression.
Effective Nation Characters Leaders in Connection with Inclusive Design for Preparing The Visionary and Effective of Youth Leaders for Urban Society

While we are looking for a leadership in Jakarta Municipal City from time to time, it is already worsening and not look good for many people, the author is very keen to conduct a research, starting from 2012 up to 2013. There are many degradation already appear in Jakarta in these years, especially for the disappearance of humility, urban genuine life vanish and social alienation, more specific for Jakarta Youth People who will be receiving the next turn of leadership position for Indonesia development and city of Jakarta and its surrounding areas. Before this is too late, the author make a small steps for the development and to transform this situation with the approach of Emphatic Leadership and Management related to CRPD (Convention on The Rights for People with Disability) to enrich and develop the existence of the Youth and the future generation of Indonesia. The approach of this research based on various literatures and journals which are relevant to Community Development, Leadership, Social Entrepreneurship and Management with the depth approach with.
Investigating and Remediating Selection Bias in Geriatrics Research: The Selection Bias Toolkit

Selection bias is a well‐known concern in research on older adults. We discuss two common forms of selection bias in aging research: (1) survivor bias and (2) bias due to loss to follow‐up. Our objective was to review these two forms of selection bias in geriatrics research. In clinical aging research, selection bias is a particular concern because all participants must have survived to old age, and be healthy enough, to take part in a research study in geriatrics.
Simulation of a Daily Precipitation Time Series Using a Stochastic Model with Filtering

After we modified raw data for anomalies, we conducted spectral analysis using the data. In the frequency, the spectrum is best described by a decaying exponential function. For this reason, stochastic models characterized by a spectrum attenuated according to a power law cannot be used to model precipitation anomaly. We introduced a new model, the e-model, which properly reproduces the spectrum of the precipitation anomaly. After using the data to infer the parameter values of the e-model, we used the e-model to generate synthetic daily precipitation time series. Comparison with recorded data shows a good agreement. This e-model resembles fractional Brown motion (fBm)/fractional Levy motion (fLm), especially the spectral method. That is, we transform white noise Xt to the precipitation daily time series. Our analyses show that the frequency of extreme precipitation events is best described by a Levy law and cannot be accounted with a Gaussian distribution.
Evaluasi Penggunaan Software ”Simpus” Kota Semarang Sebagai Sistem Informasi Rekam Medis Gigi Dan Identifikasi Manusia

Latar Belakang: Evaluasi penggunaan Software “SIMPUS” Kota Semarangsebagai Sistem Informasi Rekam Medis Gigi dan Identifikasi Manusiadilatarbelakangi dengan adanya belum adanya sistem informasi rekam medis gigiyang sesuai standar, serta adanya wacana baru mengenai penggunaan gigisebagai salah satu sarana untuk identifikasi manusia terhadap kejadian suatumusibah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan gambaran penerapansistem informasi rekam medis gigi yang sesuai standar serta terwujud danterujinya sistem informasi rekam medis gigi yang mampu digunakan sebagaisarana pengambilan keputusan terhadap identifikasi manusia.Metode: Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif daripenggunaan Software “SIMPUS” Kota Semarang, dengan menggunakan metodewawancara dan observasi. Subjek penelitian adalah perawat gigi, dokter gigipuskesmas di wilayah kerja Dinas Kesehatan Kota Semarang. Analsisi datasecara deskriptif kuantitatif.Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini adalah Software “SIMPUS” Kota Semarang sebagaiSistem Informasi Rekam Medis Gigi dan Identifikasi Manusia sistemnya mudahdigunakan, lengkap, hasil data sesuai dengan masukan yang diberikan, sesuaidan benar. Sedangkan untuk uji penerimaan sistem kaitannya dengan hasilidentifikasi manusia melalui peta gigi, sudah di ketahui dan disetujui oleh pihakyang membutuhkan dalam hal ini adalah Biddokkes Polda Jawa Tengah.Simpulan: Penelitian ini adalah Software “SIMPUS” Kota Semarang dapatditerima oleh pengguna sebagai Sistem Informasi Rekam Medis Gigi yang sesuaistandar rekam medis gigi nasional dan dapat digunakan oleh puskesmas untukmengelola data pendaftaran pasien, catatan medis, dan mampu menghasilkanlaporan bulanan kepenyakitan/LB1, laporan tindakan gigi dan laporan pencarianpasien berdasarkan odontogram. Software “SIMPUS” Kota Semarang dapatdigunakan untuk pengambilan keputusan terhadap proses pencarian identitasmanusia karena mampu menghasilkan data identitas pasien berdasarkan kodeodontogram/peta gigi bagi pasien yang telah tercatat status kesehatan giginya.
Design Models for Anaerobic Batch Digesters Producing Biogas from Municipal Solid Waste

Models for the design of anaerobic batch digesters producing biogas from municipal solid waste (MSW) in Port Harcourt metropolis, Nigeria have been formulated. Experimental and field data were used to determine relevant design parameters for the batch digesters, especially the bio-kinetic behavior of MSW. The research data were analyzed using material balance analysis. The anaerobic digester was then designed and simulated for fractional conversion values of 0.2 ≤ α ≤ 0.8 and percentage total solids (PTS) concentration of 10-30%, using Microsoft Visual Basic Version 6.0 computer program. The simulation results were interpreted with Microsoft Chart Editor. The evaluation of research results showed that an empirical optimum PTS concentration of 20% was best suited for the batch digester processing the MSW for biogas generation. At this level of PTS concentration, the MSW digestion was most effective in terms of digester sizing, time of digestion, volume of biogas produced and overall cost of the digester, for the same level of percent stabilization.
Seeing the past: afterglow effects on familiarity judgments are category-specific

According to several computational models, novel items can create a learning mode with dynamics favorable to new learning, and not to memory retrieval. In line with that idea, a new item in a recognition test has been found to create a bias toward calling subsequent items new as well. Here, we tested whether this bias, which we termed the afterglow effect, is indeed caused by a general learning mode, or is caused by perceptual overlap between preceding and current items. In two experiments, we show that a preceding recognition judgment biases the current one, but only if the preceding and current items are of the same perceptual category. In contrast, we did not find strong bias effects from perceptually novel fractal images, as would be predicted if novel items induce a learning mode that then biases recognition judgments. We conclude that the afterglow effect is more likely to reflect perceptual phenomena than a learning mode. We suggest how this can be reconciled with what is known about familiarity at the neural level.
Momentum alignment and spin orientation of photoexcited electrons in quantum wells

We have calculated the distribution function with respect to momentum and spin of photoexcited electrons in a quantum well with infinitely high walls pumped by polarized light incident normal to the plane of the heterostructure. We find the dependence on excitation photon energy of the linear and circularly-polarized hot luminescence in the direction of pumping near its short-wavelength edge
Anomalies in low-energy gamma-ray burst spectra with the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor

Context. A Band function has become the standard spectral function used to describe the prompt emission spectra of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). However, deviations from this function have previously been observed in GRBs detected by BATSE and in individual GRBs from the Fermi era. Aims. We present a systematic and rigorous search for spectral deviations from a Band function at low energies in a sample of the first two years of high fluence, long bursts detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM). The sample contains 45 bursts with a fluence greater than 2 × 10 -5 erg/cm 2 (10−1000 keV). Methods. An extrapolated fit method is used to search for low-energy spectral anomalies, whereby a Band function is fit above a variable low-energy threshold and then the best fit function is extrapolated to lower energy data. Deviations are quantified by examining residuals derived from the extrapolated function and the data and their significance is determined via comprehensive simulations which account for the instrument response. This method was employed for both time-integrated burst spectra and time-resolved bins defined by a signal-to-noise ratio of 25 σ and 50 σ . Results. Significant deviations are evident in 3 bursts (GRB 081215A, GRB 090424 and GRB 090902B) in the time-integrated sample (~7%) and 5 bursts (GRB 090323, GRB 090424, GRB 090820, GRB 090902B and GRB 090926A) in the time-resolved sample (~11%). Conclusions. The advantage of the systematic, blind search analysis is that it can demonstrate the requirement for an additional spectral component without any prior knowledge of the nature of that extra component. Deviations are found in a large fraction of high fluence GRBs; fainter GRBs may not have sufficient statistics for deviations to be found using this method.
Analysis of Solar Cells Efficacy with Imbedded Layer of Spherical Plasmonic Nanoparticles

The scattered sunlight absorption efficacy by a solar cell with imbedded layer of spherical plasmonic nanoparticles is simulated versus the parameters of the imbedded particles, the material they are made of, their density and location in the polymeric buffer layer inclusive. It was shown that the embedded plasmonic nanoparticles cause an increase of the relative efficacy of an organic solar cell with the P3HT:PCBM photosensitive layer and the PEDOT buffer layer of up to 10-20%. This increase depends also on the angle at which the sunlight shines the solar cell, which was also studied in detail.
Parameterisation of injection-dependent lifetime measurements in semiconductors in terms of Shockley-Read-Hall statistics: An application to oxide precipitates in silicon

Injection-dependent minority carrier lifetime measurements are a valuable characterisation method for semiconductor materials, particularly those for photovoltaic applications. For a sample containing defects which obey Shockley-Read-Hall statistics, it is possible to use such measurements to determine (i) the location of energy levels within the band-gap and (ii) the ratios of the capture coefficients for electrons and holes. In this paper, we discuss a convenient methodology for determining these parameters from lifetime data. Minority carrier lifetime is expressed as a linear function of the ratio of the total electron concentration to the total hole concentration for p-type (or vice versa for n-type) material. When this is plotted on linear scales, a single-level Shockley-Read-Hall centre manifests itself as a straight line. The gradient and intercepts of such a plot can be used to determine recombination parameters. The formulation is particularly instructive when multiple states are recombination-ac.