Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exercise improves phosphatidylinositol‐3,4,5‐trisphosphate responsiveness of atypical protein kinase C and interacts with insulin signalling to peptide elongation in human skeletal muscle

We investigated if acute endurance‐type exercise interacts with insulin‐stimulated activation of atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) and insulin signalling to peptide chain elongation in human skeletal muscle. Four hours after acute one‐legged exercise, insulin‐induced glucose uptake was ∼80% higher (N= 12, P < 0.05) in previously exercised muscle, measured during a euglycaemic–hyperinsulinaemic clamp (100 μU ml−1). Insulin increased (P < 0.05) both insulin receptor substrate (IRS)‐1 and IRS‐2 associated phosphatidylinositol (PI)‐3 kinase activity and led to increased (P < 0.001) phosphorylation of Akt on Ser473 and Thr308 in skeletal muscle. Interestingly, in response to prior exercise IRS‐2‐associated PI‐3 kinase activity was higher (P < 0.05) both at basal and during insulin stimulation. This coincided with correspondingly altered phosphorylation of the extracellular‐regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2), p70S6 kinase (P70S6K), eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) kinase and eEF2. aPKC was similarly activated by insulin in rested and exercised muscle, without detectable changes in aPKC Thr410 phosphorylation. However, when adding phosphatidylinositol‐3,4,5‐triphosphate (PIP3), the signalling product of PI‐3 kinase, to basal muscle homogenates, aPKC was more potently activated (P= 0.01) in previously exercised muscle. Collectively, this study shows that endurance‐type exercise interacts with insulin signalling to peptide chain elongation. Although protein turnover was not evaluated, this suggests that capacity for protein synthesis after acute endurance‐type exercise may be improved. Furthermore, endurance exercise increased the responsiveness of aPKC to PIP3 providing a possible link to improved insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake after exercise.
Adsorption of CO and NO on Ti-doped ZGNR structures: A DFT study

In this work, we employed Density Functional Theory (DFT), to study the interactions between NO and CO with Ti-doped zigzag graphene nanoribbon (ZGNR) structures. Two types of doped structures are considered i.e. SV-ZGNR in which Ti replaces one carbon atom and DV-ZGNR replacing two adjacent carbon atoms. Our results indicate that doped ZGNR is better for gas adsorption as compared to already reported doped 2-D graphene sheet. Also between the two doped structures, DV-ZGNR is preferred over SV-ZGNR in terms of adsorption. The changes in the electronic structures after the adsorption can be seen in terms of changes in the Density of states. Our study suggests that Ti-doped ZGNR can have the potential to be the sensing platform for these gases.
The changing pattern of “smart” flow cytometry (S‐FC) to assist the cost‐effective diagnosis of HIV, tuberculosis, and leukemias in resource‐restricted conditions

There is a need to introduce cytometry into areas of the globe that have remained virtually untouched by modern laboratory medicine. With the demand to carry out tests on 100 000s of individuals requiring antiretroviral therapy (ART), flow cytometry must remain simple and cost‐effective – while being sustainable and industry supported as well as proven by quality assessment (QA). This outlook is referred to as “smart flow cytometry” (S‐FC). There are five main areas where the power of S‐FC is demonstrated. These are: (i) the use of CD45 to assist precise cell counting in blood and tissue samples; (ii) the primary CD4 gating to count CD4+ T cells in patients waiting for ART, including the combination (i) and (ii) in the panleucogating (PLG) protocol; (iii) monitoring of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV+) patients during ART by the decreasing levels of lymphocyte activation in a CD8/CD38 test – leading to economies of viral‐load assays; (iv) in tuberculosis and HIV–TB coinfections the use of TB‐antigen‐stimulated cytokine‐synthetic CD4+ Tcells to identify active disease; and (v) the utilization of “minimal residual disease (MRD)‐Lite” technology in patients 19 days after the start of antileukemic therapy to detect MRD. These methods of S‐FC have been successfully introduced in “resource‐restricted” countries with international and local QA.
Whole body protein turnover, synthesis and breakdown in patients with colorectal carcinoma

As a basis for assessing protein metabolism in cancer patients, whole body protein turnover, synthesis and breakdown were measured preoperatively using a constant rate infusion of L‐(1−14C) leucine in patients with differing stages of colorectal carcinoma. The levels of protein synthesis and breakdown were correlated with the extent of disease as measured by the percentage incorporation of the labelled amino acid into plasma protein (1) and the subsequent modified Dukes' classification (2). Eleven apyrexial patients were divided into two groups; 6 of whom had normal appetites while 5 were anorectic. Protein synthesis increased with advancement of disease in both groups, as did protein breakdown. Protein synthesis and breakdown were lower in the anorectic group, suggesting some degree of starvation adaptation. All patients were in positive balance, despite anthropometric data to support loss of host body protein. This suggests translocation of protein stores from muscle to areas of more rapid protein synthesis such as tumour. Remodelling of body protein is an important facet of metabolism in cancer patients.
Method of clustering in fashion industry sector with the aim of raising the quality of business for the decision makers

Apstrakt: Rad prikazuje uticaj pametnih tehnologija na donošenje odluka u kompanijama širom sveta. Fokusiran je na pružanju podrške modnoj industriji i marketinškim odlukama baziranim na pristupu podataka kroz Data Mining (DM). Današnji korisnici imaju tako raznovrsne ukuse i želje da ih nije moguće grupisati u velike i homogene populacije kako bi razvili marketinške strategije. Zapravo, svaki korisnik želi da bude servisiran prema svojim individualnim i jedinstvenim potrebama Prema tome, prelazak sa masovnog marketinga na tržište odnosa jedan-na-jedan zahteva od donosilaca odluka da daju posebne strategije za svakog pojedinačnog korisnika na osnovu njegovog profila.
Regulation of NF‐κB by deubiquitinases

Summary: The nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) pathway is a critical regulator of innate and adaptive immunity. Noncanonical K63‐linked polyubiquitination plays a key regulatory role in NF‐κB signaling pathways by functioning as a scaffold to recruit kinase complexes containing ubiquitin‐binding domains. Ubiquitination is balanced by deubiquitinases that cleave polyubiquitin chains and oppose the function of E3 ubiquitin ligases. Deubiquitinases therefore play an important role in the termination of NF‐κB signaling and the resolution of inflammation. In this review, we focus on NF‐κB regulation by deubiquitinases with an emphasis on A20 and CYLD. Deubiquitinases and the ubiquitin/proteasome components that regulate NF‐κB may serve as novel therapeutic targets for inflammatory diseases and cancer.
Initial airway management skills of senior residents: simulation training compared with traditional training.

BACKGROUND Scenario-based training (SBT) with a computerized patient simulator (CPS) is effective in teaching physicians to manage high-risk, low-frequency events that are typical of critical care medicine. This study compares the initial airway management skills of a group of senior internal medicine residents trained using SBT with CPS during their first year of postgraduate training (PGY) with a group of senior internal medicine residents trained using the traditional experiential method. METHODS This was a prospective, controlled trial that compared two groups of PGY3 internal medicine residents at an urban teaching hospital. One group (n = 32) received training in initial airway management skills using SBT with CPS in their PGY1 (ie, the simulation-trained [ST] group). The second group (n = 30) received traditional residency training (ie, the traditionally trained [TT] group). Each group was then tested during PGY3 in initial airway management skills using a standardized respiratory arrest scenario. RESULTS The ST group performed significantly better than the TT group in 8 of the 11 steps of the respiratory arrest scenario. Notable differences were found in the ability to attach a bag-valve mask (BVM) to high-flow oxygen (ST group, 69%; TT group, 17%; p < 0.001), correct insertion of oral airway (ST group, 88%; TT group, 20%; p < 0.001), and achieving an effective BVM seal (ST group, 97%; TT group, 20%; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Traditional training consisting of 2 years of clinical experience was not sufficient to achieve proficiency in initial airway management skills, mostly due to inadequate equipment usage. This suggests that SBT with CPS is more effective in training medical residents than the traditional experiential method.
Blockchain and the Extractive Industries: Cobalt Case Study

This discussion paper examines the possibilities of relationships between two seemingly disparate industries, blockchain and the extractive sectors, by considering the potential for blockchain solutions in the mining of Cobalt, a precious metal, looking in particular at the supply chain, oversight, and production efficiencies that are made possible through synergistic elements between the two sectors.
Using Speech Perception Measures to Guide the Choice of Amplification

The early fitting of infants with hearing aids relies largely on the verification of amplification characteristics using simulated real ear measurements (REM) that are matched to prescription targets derived from audiometric thresholds. The audibility of different parts of the speech spectrum can be inferred from the audiometric thresholds and the estimated applied gain, and is expressed as the speech intelligibility index (SII; ANSI 1997). However, the fidelity of the representation of important temporal and spectral cues within speech is generally not assessed, and detection and discrimination of speech features for the infant or child remain unconfirmed. Thus REM allows verification that the hearing aid gains fit the target, but not the verification of functional benefit for speech intelligibility. The latter requires speech testing, with the form of the test(s) chosen so as to be age-appropriate and to avoid floor and ceiling effects.
Evaluation of quick disintegrating calcium carbonate tablets

The purpose of this investigation was to develop a rapidly disintegrating calcium carbonate (CC) tablet by direct compression and compare it with commercially available calcium tablets. CC tablets were formulated on a Carver press using 3 different forms of CC direct compressed granules (Cal-Carb 4450®, Cal-Carb 4457®, and Cal-Carb 4462®). The breaking strength was measured using a Stokes-Monsanto hardness tester. The disintegration and dissolution properties of the tablets were studied using USP methodology. The calcium concentration was determined by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate the surface topography of the granules and tablets. Breaking strength of Cal-Carb 4450®, Cal-Carb 4457®, and Cal-Carb 4462® tablets was in the range of 7.2 to 7.7 kg, as compared with a hardness of 6.2 kg and 10 kg for the commercially available calcium tablets Citracal® and Tums®, respectively. The disintegration time for the tablets presented in the order earlier was 4.1, 2.1, 1.9, 2.9, and 9.7 minutes, respectively. The dissolution studies showed that all formulations released 100% of the elemental calcium in simulated gastric fluid in less than 20 minutes. In summary, this study clearly demonstrated that quick disintegrating CC tablets can be formulated without expensive effervescence technology.
The Concepts of Forest Governance Practices at Site Level in Indonesia

This paper aims to explore the concept of forest governance practices at site level in Indonesia. It carried out content analysis by analyzing governmental regulations and related case studies from various authors. Indonesia recognizes four kinds of forest governance at site level such as hutan tanaman rakyat , hutan desa , hutan kemasyarakatan and kemitraan . All forms need local community involvement. The former three have connection with government, meanwhile the latter involves forest-related license. Some studies show their positive impact not only for community livelihoods but also for forest ecosystem. However, the common problems emerged from these implementations are characterized by weak local capability and bureaucratic process.
Alterations of sarcoplasmic reticulum proteins in failing human dilated cardiomyopathy.

BACKGROUND Previous studies provide considerable evidence that excitation-contraction coupling may be disturbed at the level of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in the failing human heart. Disturbed SR function may result from altered expression of calcium-handling proteins. METHODS AND RESULTS Levels of SR proteins involved in calcium release (ryanodine receptor), calcium binding (calsequestrin, calreticulin), and calcium uptake (calcium ATPase, phospholamban) were measured by Western blot analysis in nonfailing human myocardium (n = 7) and in end-stage failing myocardium due to dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 14). The levels of the ryanodine receptor, calsequestrin, and calreticulin were not significantly different in nonfailing and failing human myocardium. Phospholamban protein levels (pentameric form) normalized per total protein were decreased by 18% in the failing myocardium (P < .05). However, phospholamban protein levels were not significantly different in failing and nonfailing myocardium when normalization was performed per calsequestrin. Protein levels of SR calcium ATPase, normalized per total protein or per calsequestrin, were decreased by 41% (P < .001) or 33% (P < .05), respectively, in the failing myocardium. Furthermore, SR calcium ATPase was decreased relative to ryanodine receptor by 37% (P < .05) and relative to phospholamban by 28% (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Levels of SR proteins involved in calcium binding and release are unchanged in failing dilated cardiomyopathy. In contrast, protein levels of calcium ATPase involved in SR calcium uptake are reduced in the failing myocardium. Moreover, SR calcium ATPase is decreased relative to its inhibitory protein, phospholamban. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Trafficking and Folding Defects in Hereditary Spherocytosis Mutants of the Human Red Cell Anion Exchanger

Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is a common inherited hemolytic anemia caused by mutations in erythrocyte proteins including the anion exchanger, AE1 (band 3). This study examined seven missense mutations (L707P, R760Q, R760W, R808C, H834P, T837M, and R870W) located in the membrane domain of the human AE1 that are associated with this disease. The HS mutants, constructed in full‐length AE1 cDNA, could be transiently expressed to similar levels in HEK 293 cells. Immunofluorescence, cell surface biotinylation, and pulse chase labeling showed that the HS mutants all exhibited defective cellular trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane. Impaired binding to an inhibitor affinity matrix indicated that the mutant proteins had non‐native structures and may be misfolded. Further characterization of the HS R760Q mutant showed no change in its oligomeric structure or turnover (half‐life=15 h) compared to wild‐type AE1, suggesting the mutant was not aggregated or targeted for rapid degradation via the proteasome. Intracellular retention of HS mutant AE1 would lead to destruction of the protein during erythroid development and would account for the lack of HS mutant AE1 in the plasma membrane of the mature red cell.
Effects of triphenyltin acetate on survival, hatching success, and liver ultrastructure of early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio).

In order to evaluate the toxicity of the fungicide triphenyltin acetate (TPTA) on hatching, survival, morphology, and histology of early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio), newly fertilized eggs were exposed to concentrations of 0.5, 5, 25, 75, and 100 microg/liter TPTA for 96 h at 28+/-0.5 degrees C. Embryos and larvae were kept under constant observation for up to 7 days and studied with respect to mortality and teratogenic effects as well as histological and cytological alterations in the liver as endpoints of sublethal toxicity of TPTA. Exposure to TPTA caused dose- and time-related effects with respect to all parameters investigated: (1) Hatching was delayed at concentrations >/=0.5 microg/liter TPTA; (2) mortality increased at >/=25 microg/liter TA after 96 h exposure, with TPTA toxicity being higher in larval than in embryonic stages; (3) from >/=25 microg/liter, larvae exhibited skeletal malformation, retarded yolk sac resorption, and edema in the heart and yolk sac regions; and (4) histo- and cytopathological alterations of larval liver included changes in nuclei and mitochondria as well as glycogen depletion from >/=0.5 microg/liter TPTA. The study thus demonstrates not only an elevated sensitivity of zebrafish embryos to TPTA in stages prior to hatching, but also the importance of continuous observation over extended periods after termination of the actual exposure for a comprehensive evaluation of the toxicity of chemical compounds.
Survey on Cardiac Arrhythmia Techniques in ECG Signal

Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is a graphical representation of the cardiac muscle activity, which is most important biomedical signal. Cardiac Arrhythmia is the abnormality in the Heart which can be diagnosed with the help of Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. The features of ECG signal can be extracted using various techniques are present in the literature. The peak detection of the QRS Complex and test its suitability for medical diagnosis using MIT-BIH database is present in the literature, and the results are compared with the existing models by taking mean absolute relative error and Error% as performance criteria.Finally identified that there is scope of research in Cardiac Arrhythmiaand Computational Intelligence techniques are giving the better results. Keywords-Electrocardiogram, Feature Extraction, QRS detection, peak detection, classification and Computational Intelligence.
Identification and Characterization of Murine Cytotoxic T Cells That Kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis

ABSTRACT As we seek to develop and evaluate new vaccines against tuberculosis, it is desirable that we understand the mechanisms of protective immunity in our models. Adoptive transfer of protection with hsp65-specific T-cell clones from infected or vaccinated mice into naı̈ve mice had indicated that cytotoxic T cells can make a major contribution to protection. We characterized 28 CD4+CD8− and 28 CD4− CD8+hsp65-specific T-cell clones derived from infected or vaccinated mice. Half of the CD4+ CD8− and 64% of the CD4− CD8+ clones were cytotoxic. Cytotoxicity was associated with high expression of CD44 and gamma interferon production. Most (86%) of the cytotoxic CD4+CD8− clones lysed target cells via the Fas-FasL pathway, and most (83%) of the cytotoxic CD4− CD8+clones lysed target cells via cytotoxic granules. Only the clones using the granule-mediated pathway caused substantial loss of viability of virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis during lysis of infected macrophages, and the degree of killing closely correlated with the availability of granule marker enzyme activity. Granule-mediated cytotoxicity thus may have a key role in protection against tuberculosis by delivering mycobactericidal granule contents.
Hyperbilirubinemia: Current Guidelines and Emerging Therapies

It is estimated that about two thirds of newborns will appear clinically jaundiced during their first weeks of life. As newborns and their mothers spend fewer days in the hospital after birth, the number of infants readmitted yearly in the United States for neonatal jaundice over the last 10 years has increased by 160%. A portion of these infants present to the emergency department, requiring a careful history and physical examination assessing them for the risk factors associated with pathologic bilirubin levels. Although the spectrum of illness may be great, the overwhelming etiology of neonatal jaundice presenting to an emergency department is physiologic and not due to infection or isoimmunization. Therefore, a little more than a good history, physical examination, and indirect/direct bilirubin levels are needed to evaluate an otherwise well-appearing jaundiced newborn. The American Academy of Pediatrics' 2004 clinical practice guidelines for "Management of Hyperbilirubinemia in the Newborn Infant 35 or More Weeks of Gestation" are a helpful and easily accessible resource when evaluating jaundiced newborns (available at http://aappolicy.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/pediatrics;114/1/297). There are several exciting developments on the horizon for the diagnosis and management of hyperbilirubinemia including increasing use of transcutaneous bilirubin measuring devices and medications such as tin mesoporphyrin and intravenous immunoglobulin that may decrease the need for exchange transfusions.
FlgM gains structure in living cells

Intrinsically disordered proteins such as FlgM play important roles in biology, but little is known about their structure in cells. We use NMR to show that FlgM gains structure inside living Escherichia coli cells and under physiologically relevant conditions in vitro, i.e., in solutions containing high concentrations (≥400 g/liter) of glucose, BSA, or ovalbumin. Structure formation represents solute-induced changes in the equilibrium between the structured and disordered forms of FlgM. The results provide insight into how the environment of intrinsically disordered proteins could dictate their structure and, in turn, emphasize the relevance of studying proteins in living cells and in vitro under physiologically realistic conditions.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY: THE INFLUENCE OF PAY SCHEME AND PERSONAL VALUE TO BUDGETARY SLACK

This study tested the hypothesis developed by Hobson, et al. (2011), and aims to examine the influence of pay scheme and personal value to budgetary slack. This study uses the experimental method. Participants in this study are accounting study program students who have completed three subject, management control system, budgeting, and management accounting. 35 people participated in the experiment and the data were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test. Results of this study indicate that the organization with a truth-inducing compensation scheme less tendency to commit budgetary slack, compared to organizations that implement slack inducing compensation schemes. While judged on the personal value of an employee, a person with high personal value tends not to commit budgetary slack, but the difference is insignificant when compared to a person with low personal value. The results of this study also show that if an organization implements a truth-inducing compensation to someone with high personal value, it will commit the least budgetary slack. Some of the results of this study support the hypothesis developed by Hobson, et al. (2011), but there is one hypothesis that is not supported because the compensation scheme applied in the firm is more dominant in influencing the implementation of budgetary slack.