Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CARACTERÍSTICAS DE ADSORÇÃO DE ÁGUA DE FARINHAS CRUAS E PRÉ-GELATINIZADAS DE DUAS VARIEDADES DE ARROZ DE TERRAS ALTAS

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar as caracteristicas de adsorcao de agua de farinhas de arroz cruas e pre-gelatinizadas das cultivares de terras altas BRS Primavera e BRS Monarca. As amostras pre-gelatinizadas foram obtidas de graos de arroz cozidos em agua por 10 a 40 min. As farinhas obtidas foram submetidas as determinacoes de teor de agua, acucares redutores totais. As isotermas de adsorcao foram obtidas em diferentes atividades de agua (0,112-0,972) a 30°C. Dos modelos matematicos de adsorcao de agua (Halsey, Oswin e GAB), a equacao de GAB explicou melhor a variacao das isotermas em funcao da atividade de agua (maxima de 0,75) como sendo seguro para o armazenamento desses produtos de arroz. Em atividades de agua entre 0 e 0,3, a estrutura dos grânulos de amido das farinhas cruas resiste a adsorcao da agua. Os resultados sugerem que a farinha de arroz cru da cultivar BRS Monarca e menos higroscopica que a de BRS Primavera e podera ter maior tempo de armazenamento quando estocada em condicao semelhante a de sua camada monomolecular. Quando submetidos a tempos de coccao prolongados, os graos de arroz da cultivar BRS Primavera produzem farinhas mais estaveis por serem menos higroscopicas que as similares da cultivar BRS Monarca.
Bacteriological indicators of tropical water quality

In a search for appropriate bacterial indicators of tropical water quality using the membrane filtration technique, four bacterial groups were surveyed. Of these, Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio species, and fecal coliforms were consistently isolated from the four surface water sources located in southeastern Nigeria. Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated at far greater frequency than the other test organisms. It had the highest isolation frequency (60.4%) while the fecal coliform group followed with 33.3%. Fecal streptococci had the lowest frequency of isolation. It is proposed that A. hydrophila and Vibrio species be included as indicator bacteria in tropical water quality assays. © 1996 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Confronting the Challenge of Modeling Cloud and Precipitation Microphysics

In the atmosphere, microphysics refers to the microscale processes that affect cloud and precipitation particles and is a key linkage among the various components of Earth's atmospheric water and energy cycles. The representation of microphysical processes in models continues to pose a major challenge leading to uncertainty in numerical weather forecasts and climate simulations. In this paper, the problem of treating microphysics in models is divided into two parts: (i) how to represent the population of cloud and precipitation particles, given the impossibility of simulating all particles individually within a cloud, and (ii) uncertainties in the microphysical process rates owing to fundamental gaps in knowledge of cloud physics. The recently developed Lagrangian particle‐based method is advocated as a way to address several conceptual and practical challenges of representing particle populations using traditional bulk and bin microphysics parameterization schemes. For addressing critical gaps in cloud physics knowledge, sustained investment for observational advances from laboratory experiments, new probe development, and next‐generation instruments in space is needed. Greater emphasis on laboratory work, which has apparently declined over the past several decades relative to other areas of cloud physics research, is argued to be an essential ingredient for improving process‐level understanding. More systematic use of natural cloud and precipitation observations to constrain microphysics schemes is also advocated. Because it is generally difficult to quantify individual microphysical process rates from these observations directly, this presents an inverse problem that can be viewed from the standpoint of Bayesian statistics. Following this idea, a probabilistic framework is proposed that combines elements from statistical and physical modeling. Besides providing rigorous constraint of schemes, there is an added benefit of quantifying uncertainty systematically. Finally, a broader hierarchical approach is proposed to accelerate improvements in microphysics schemes, leveraging the advances described in this paper related to process modeling (using Lagrangian particle‐based schemes), laboratory experimentation, cloud and precipitation observations, and statistical methods.
Evolutionary process of Hordeum brachyantherum 6x and related tetraploid species revealed by nuclear DNA sequences

A hexaploid form of Hordeum brachyantherum ssp. brachyantherum was discovered in California in 1980, and its origin has since been studied over the past three decades. We applied EF-G, a nuclear DNA sequence, to infer the parents of the hexaploid form. In polyploid taxa, amplified DNAs were cloned into a vector, and EF-G copies were amplified from the colonies by PCR and digested with restriction enzymes to separate different types. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the DNA sequences. The result showed that H. brachyantherum ssp. brachyantherum 6x and 4x carried one identical DNA sequence of 910 bp, and had closely related DNA sequences of 931 bp. H. brachyantherum ssp. brachyantherum 6x and H. marinum ssp. gussoneanum 2x shared one identical DNA sequence of 915 bp. From these results we hypothesized that H. brachyantherum ssp. brachyantherum 6x has evolved by an outcrossing between H. marinum ssp. gussoneanum 2x and H. brachyantherum ssp. brachyantherum 4x, followed by a chromosome doubling. Our results also indicate that H. marinum was involved in the polyploidization of H. secalinum, H. capense, and H. marinum. The origins of H. jubatum and H. depressum are discussed.
A Giant Tenrecid from the Miocene of Kenya

A new genus and species of large tenrecid is described from the Miocene of Songhor, Kenya. It is derived with respect to all other known tenrecids, fossil or Recent, and has no known descendants on the African mainland, although it could be related to potamogalines. A second dentary fragment may represent a closely related taxon. These specimens demonstrate a more extensive African Miocene diversity of tenrecids than previously suspected. In 1946, Louis S. B. Leakey collected an anterior dentary fragment with four teeth from the fossil locality of Songhor, western Kenya. The specimen has been in the collections of the National Museums of Kenya in Nairobi ever since. The fossil is incomplete and has unusual tooth crowns, but its morphology suggests that it is a tenrecid. A second specimen from Songhor, possibly representing a similar taxon, was recognized while searching the National Museums of Kenya collections for additional material. Living tenrecids comprise four subfamilies, three of which have no fossil record and are limited in distribution to Madagascar. Potamogalines, or otter shrews, are the only tenrecids currently living on the African mainland. The subfamily comprises two living genera: Micro- potamogale with two species and Potamogale with one species. These genera are poorly known, apparently rare members of the East African fauna, with no Micropotamogale and only one specimen of Potamogale reported from Kenya (Aggundey, 1977). The latter genus is common in West Africa. Both genera of living potamogalines (and some Madagascar tenrecids, e.g., Limnogale mergulus) are adapted to life in rivers and streams. Potamogale and Micropota- mogale are derived in different directions and neither is a suitable morphological ancestor for the other. African fossil tenrecids are reviewed by Butler (1984) and Poduschka and Poduschka (1985). All species of tenrecids in the British Museum (Natural History), American Museum of Natural History, Museum of Comparative Zoology, and National Museums of Kenya were examined. Unless otherwise noted, dental characters are consistent within genera.
What Makes an Ecological Icon

Progress in science occurs as new theories are developed and subsequently revised in light of em‐ pirical data that challenge hypotheses derived from the theories. Scientific theories and hypotheses are developed, and data are collected, by individuals (and collaborative groups); their ideas and results are disseminated to the broader community in pub‐ lications, both technical and non‐technical. Some of these individuals become icons; their work is well known and they achieve recognition for their sub‐ stantive contributions through extensive citation of their published work. Others are cited rarely, if ever, and they fade into obscurity. At a time when the availability of academic jobs continues to decline, while the number of new Ph.Ds in ecology contin‐ ues to increase and the Annual Meetings of the Eco‐ logical Society of America (ESA) take on the aura of a job fair cum meat market, it seemed timely to ask why some ecologists achieve iconic status for their work, but others are quickly forgotten, even if the latter published the same ideas or data before the former. Further, losing the historical context for our work, and the disappearance from contemporary literature of carefully garnered data and results, can lead to unnecessary repetition of research, slowing progress in the field and wasting scarce resources.
Optimization of alcoholic fermentation of dragon fruit juice using response surface methodology

In recent years, dragon fruit has been applied in food processing with various products. The purpose of this study aimed to valorize a fermented fruit drink from a Vietnamese local dragon fruit by alcoholic fermentation of the juice using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Response surface methodology was applied to find the optimal condition of varied factors including total soluble solids content, inoculum size of the yeast and fermentation time. The experiments were carried out according to the central composite design with the sugar content ranged from 16 to 20°Brix, the inoculum size from 1 to 3% yeast and the fermentation time from 40 to 48 hrs. A quadratic model was respectively developed to correlate the investigated variables to the remained sugar content and ethanol yield of the product. The optimized conditions for fermentation were selected as 18°Brix of initial fruit juice; 2% v/v of added yeast inoculation rate and 44-hours fermentation time. Under these conditions, final fermented dragon fruit juice achieved alcohol content of 3.54% v/v with remaining sugar content of 14.6°Brix and a level of ‘moderately like’ obtained by sensorial evaluation.
First report of Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus on mothbean in Pakistan

, 2001) and has previously been reported affecting mungbeans inPakistan (Hussain et al., 2004). Mothbean ( Vigna aconitifolia ) is grown inonly in a few areas of the country, mostly as animal fodder. Recently, workon improvement has been initiated due to its potential both for animal andhuman nutrition.As a ﬁrst step, seeds of available mothbean varieties were screened underﬁeld conditions. All varieties exhibited a severe yellow mosaic, along withleaf curling on some varieties. Based on symptoms the involvement ofMYMIV was suspected. To conﬁrm the identity of the virus, total DNAwas extracted from samples of infected plants, resolved in agarose gels andblotted to nylon membranes. A full length MYMIV DNA A clone isolatedfrom mungbean (unpublished results) was used as a probe in Southernhybridisation and detected bands typical of geminiviruses in all sampleswith symptoms, but not those without; conﬁrming the association of abegomovirus with the disease. To further conﬁrm the identity of the virus,primers speciﬁc for the DNA B-encoded nuclear shuttle protein (NSP) geneof MYMIV (Hussain et al., 2004) were used in PCR. These resulted inampliﬁcation of an approximately 800 bp fragment, that was cloned andsequenced. The complete 771 bp sequence of the NSP gene (accessionnumber AM233490) showed 95–92% nucleotide sequence identity (94–92% amino acid similarity) to the NSP gene of other MYMIV isolates.These results conﬁrm the association of MYMIV with yellow mosaic dis-ease of mothbean and is the ﬁrst report of MYMIV infecting this species.ReferencesPant V, Gupta D, Choudhury NR, Malathi VD, Varma A, Mukherjee SK, 2001. Molecular characterization of the Rep protein of the black gram isolate of Indian mungbean yellow mosaic virus.
Evaluation de la territorialité interspécifique entre Sorex araneus et S. coronatus dans une zone de syntopie (Insectivora, Soricidae)

Presentation des resultats d'une tentative d'evaluation de l'importance relative de la territorialite intra et interspecifique entre ces deux especes,basee sur le denombrement des captures successives d'individus differents dans une meme trappe au cours d'une meme session de piegeage.Cette approche permet d'evaluer directement les niveaux de tolerence potentielle entre individus et a ete choisie comme alternative aux methodes cartographiques utilisees precedemment pour evaluer la territorialite interspecifique notamment chez les Soricidae.L'etude a ete realisee dans une zone de contact entre S.a. et S.c. situee dans une foret riveraine du Lac de Neuchâtel (Suisse)
The balance between copper-zinc superoxide dismutase and catalase affects the sensitivity of mouse epidermal cells to oxidative stress

: Oxidants are toxic, but at low doses they can stimulate rather than inhibit the growth of mammalian cells and play a role in the etiology of cancer and fibrosis. The effect of oxidants on cells is modulated by multiple interacting antioxidant defense systems. We have studied the individual roles and the interaction of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in transfectants with human cDNAs of mouse epidermal cells JB6 clone 41. Since only moderate increases in these enzymes are physiologically meaningful, we chose the following five clones for in-depth characterization: CAT 4 and CAT 12 with 2.6-fold and 4.2-fold increased catalase activities, respectively, SOD 15 and SOD 3 with 2.3-fold and 3.6-fold increased Cu,Zn-SOD activities, respectively, and SOCAT 3 with a 3-fold higher catalase activity and 1.7-fold higher Cu,Zn-SOD activity than the parent JB6 clone 41. While the increases in enzyme activities were moderate, the human cDNAs were highly expressed in the transfectants. As demonstrated for the clone SOD 15, this discordance between message concentrations and enzyme activities may be due to the low stability of the human Cu,Zn-SOD mRNA in the mouse recipient cells. According to immunoblots the content of Mn-SOD was unaltered in the transfectants. While the activities of glutathione peroxidase were comparable in all strains, the concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) were significantly lower in SOD 3 and SOD 15. This decrease in GSH may reflect a chronic prooxidant state in these Cu,Zn-SOD overproducers. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
CALCIUM-ACTIVATED ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE AND GAP JUNCTIONS IN RAT EPIDERMIS

Ca++-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Ca++-ATPase) in the epidermal cells of rat skin was demonstrated with the method of Ando et al. (1981), and the presence of enzyme activity on the epidermal gap junctions was obtained. Furthermore, the gap junctions showing enzyme activity were examined morphometrically under a digigramer model-G (Muto Kogyo Co. Ltd., Japan). The electron microscopic observation of epidermis showed reaction products of Ca++-ATPase on the entire cell surface continuously except desmosomes and basal cell membranes facing the basal laminae in the stratum Malpighii and a few reaction products in the stratum granulosum. With keratinocytes differentiating, activities seemed to be diminishing. The reaction products were also found on the cytoplasmic side of the gap junctional membranes. Gap junctions showing the reactions were more often detected in the upper portion of the stratum Malpighii and/or in the lower portion of stratum granulosum of the rat pad epidermis.1. The findings of Ca++-ATPase in the rat epidermis might reflect changes in the intracellular level of calcium which occur during the proliferation and the differentiation of epidermal cells.2. The unequal distribution of the epidermal gap junctions appears to be involved in the synchronous differentiation process and in the maintenance of the epidermal thickness.
Herbal plant recognition using deep convolutional neural network

This paper investigates the application of deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for herbal plant recognition through leaf identification. Traditional plant identification is often time-consuming due to varieties as well as similarities possessed within the plant species. This study shows that a deep CNN model can be created and enhanced using multiple parameters to boost recognition accuracy performance. This study also shows the significant effects of the multi-layer model on small sample sizes to achieve reasonable performance. Furthermore, data augmentation provides more significant benefits on the overall performance. Simple augmentations such as resize, flip and rotate will increase accuracy significantly by creating invariance and preventing the model from learning irrelevant features. A new dataset of the leaves of various herbal plants found in Malaysia has been constructed and the experimental results achieved 99% accuracy
Pollen Biology of Calligonum mongolicum in the Middle Reaches of Heihe River

The pollen–ovule ratios, pollen fertility rate, pollen viability and longevity, pollen histochemistry of Calligonum mongolicum flowers were determined in the field by the middle reaches of Heihe River. The main results were as follows: Calligonum mongolicum is completely fertile and has starchy pollen. Anthers matured heterotypically. The pollen longevity was about 10h. The pollen viability was higher than 70% at the beginning of anthesis on sunny days. No difference in the pollen production of single anther was found between different flower morphes, but significant difference was in that of single flower. The pollen-ovule ratios of different morph flowers were 1625±125, 1750±177, 1500±102, 1563±120, 1875±72. Pollen–ovule ratios (P/O) reveal that C. mongolicum is facultative autogamous.
Pediatric uveitis: EYE-Q and metrics beyond visual acuity

Pediatric uveitis is an inflammatory ocular disease that can lead to sight-threatening complications. Pediatric patients have distinct challenges in the diagnosis and management of uveitis, secondary to difficulties in performing ophthalmic examinations in young children, delayed diagnosis due to lack of adherence with recommended screening schedules, medication side-effects, and increased burden of disease into adulthood. Measurement of outcomes in pediatric uveitis has traditionally relied upon the ophthalmic examination and general quality of life (QOL) measures. However, the ophthalmic examination does not take into account the impact of uveitis on a child’s QOL and general QOL measures do not adequately assess the specific effects of vision. Several vision-related quality of life (VR-QOL) instruments have been used to measure outcomes in both adults and children including: the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25), Vision-related Quality of Life of Children and Young People (VQoL_CYP), the Children’s Visual Function Questionnaire (CVFQ), and the Effect of Youngsters’ Eyesight on Quality of Life (EYE-Q). However, the NEI VFQ-25 is not a valid or applicable measure in children, and the VQoL_CYP and CVFQ are not uveitis specific and may not characterize disease specific burdens. The EYE-Q is the only uveitis-specific pediatric questionnaire that measures visual functioning and VR-QOL in 5–18 years old children and adolescents with uveitis. It has been shown to be a valid and reliable assessment tool in several cohorts of children with uveitis. A comprehensive assessment of the impact of uveitis on a child that includes a vision-specific measure, such as the EYE-Q, allows for better understanding of the true burden of uveitis in children. For this review, we describe traditional outcome measures in uveitis studies, general QOL measures and vision-specific measures in adults and in children.
Pollen Flow and Optimal Outcrossing Distance

Here I propose a genetic reason for the incongruency between the optimal outcrossing distance observed in a plant population and the observed extent of pollen flow. Price and Waser (1979) experimentally determined, under field conditions, the optimal outcrossing distance in several populations of Delphinium nelsoni. In general, they found that seed set was highest when pollen was transferred byhand over an intermediate distance of about 10 m. Matings between close, neighboring plants had reduced seed set, probably as a result of inbreeding depression (Dobzhansky 1970). Matings between distant plants (pollen was carried by hand up to 1,000 m) likewise resulted in reduced seed set perhaps resulting from disruption of locally adaptive combinations of genes (Allard et al. 1972), a phenomenon I will refer to as outbreeding depression, following Price and Waser's terminology. They also estimated the extent of pollen flow in the D. nelsoni populations by measuring the plant-to-plant distances flown by the main pollinators, two species each of bumblebees and hummingbirds (see Levin [1974] for a discussion of this procedure). A second estimate was made by examining the dispersal of florescent pigments. "The mean pollen flow distance using these methods was estimated as 1 m . " (Price and Waser 1979; p. 296). Their results indicate that optimal seed set occurs farther away from the pollen source-plant than the mean extent of pollen flow. Pollen presumably rarely moved (<5%) as far as 10 m, the approximate optimal outcrossing distance. Price and Waser call this result a "discrepancy," implying what is most intuitively pleasing, that selection is expected to act on the plants such that pollen flow is increased so that mean pollen dispersal distance matches the optimal outcrossing distance. Implied here is that the optimal outcrossing distance is fixed and that selection can act on pollen dispersal. Post hoc "conflicting selection" pressures are presented to explain the disparity between the seed set and the pollen flow distributions. The point I make is that on genetic grounds there is no reason to expect the pollen flow distribution (or mean of the distribution) tomatch the optimal outcrossing distance; in fact, there is reason to believe that this will never happen. As noted above, the optimal outcrossing distance is a function of inbreeding depression and outbreeding depression. Local genetic differentiation, which may lead to outbreeding depression, may result from genetic drift caused by isolation by distance (Wright 1943), coupled with local selection for genetic coadaptation (Dobzhansky 1970), or from spatially variable selection in a heterogeneous environment (Felsenstein 1976). As the relationship between the optimum and the