Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intensity of 18fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in positron emission tomography distinguishes between indolent and aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

PURPOSE (18)Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) is widely used for the staging of lymphoma. We investigated whether the intensity of tumor FDG uptake could differentiate between indolent and aggressive disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS PET studies of 97 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who were untreated or had relapsed and/or persistent disease and had not received treatment within the last 6 months were analyzed, and the highest standardized uptake value (SUV) per study was recorded. Correlations were made with histopathology. RESULTS FDG uptake was lower in indolent than in aggressive lymphoma for patients with new (SUV, 7.0 +/- 3.1 v 19.6 +/- 9.3; P < .01) and relapsed (SUV, 6.3 +/- 2.7 v 18.1 +/- 10.9; P = .04) disease. Despite overlap between indolent and aggressive disease in the low SUV range (indolent, 2.3 to 13.0; aggressive, 3.2 to 43.0), all cases of indolent lymphoma had an SUV <or= 13. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated that the SUV distinguished reasonably well between aggressive and indolent disease (area under ROC curve, 84.7%), and an SUV > 10 excluded indolent lymphoma with a specificity of 81%. With a higher cutoff for the SUV, the specificity would have been higher. CONCLUSION FDG uptake is lower in indolent than in aggressive lymphoma. Patients with NHL and SUV > 10 have a high likelihood for aggressive disease. This information may be helpful if there is discordance between biopsy and clinical behavior.
Disability in a Community Population with MS with and without Mental Disorders

Objective: Psychiatric conditions are known to have a detrimental impact on functioning and may therefore influence patterns of disability associated with MS. Population-based studies are needed to evaluate such interactions. The objective of this study was to describe the pattern of interaction of MS and mental disorders on health-related impairments. Methods: The Participation and Activity Limitation Survey (PALS) was a post-censual survey conducted by Statistics Canada in association with the 2006 Canadian Census. PALS collected detailed data from a random sample of n = 28,640 respondents with health-related impairments reported on their census form. The PALS interview collected self-reported diagnostic data and included scales to assess functioning and participation in society. Results: PALS identified 245 individuals with MS, leading to an estimated (weighted) population prevalence of 0.2% (200 per 100,000), consistent with other Canadian estimates. As expected, impaired agility, vision, communication, mobility, pain, and memory were strongly associated with MS. Mental disorders were also associated with impairment, but interactions between these conditions and MS were generally not evident. Conclusions: Mental disorders are associated with a higher level of disability in MS but, with the exception of communication, there was no evidence of synergistic interaction between mental disorders and MS in contributing to health-related impairments.
BRCA1-directed, enhanced and aberrant homologous recombination

Despite intense studies, questions still remain regarding the molecular mechanisms leading to the development of hereditary breast and ovarian cancers. Research focused on elucidating the role of the breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) in the DNA damage response may be of the most critical importance to understanding these processes. The BRCA1 protein has an N-terminal RING domain possessing E3 ubiquitinligase activity and a C-terminal BRCT domain involved in binding specific phosphoproteins. These domains are involved directly or indirectly in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. As the two terminal domains of BRCA1 represent two separate entities, understanding how these domains communicate and are functionally altered in regards to DSB repair is critical for understanding the development of BRCA1-related breast and ovarian cancers and for developing novel therapeutics. Herein, we review recent findings of how altered functions of these domains might lead to cancer through a mechanism of increased aberrant homologous recombination and possible implications for the development of BRCA1 inhibitors.
Dysregulation of the endothelial cellular response to oxidative stress in cancer

The traffic of molecules and cells across the vessel wall is gated by vascular endothelial cells. In accordance, these cells play an active role in regulating cardiovascular and systemic homeostasis and in modulating physiopathological processes such as inflammation. Dysfunction of the regulatory systems of the endothelium and its incapacity to efficiently deal with its physicochemical surrounding leads to disruption of endothelial integrity. For example, alterations of the selective endothelial cell permeability barrier are early events in the sequence of oxidative stress‐mediated injury that may contribute to extravasation of circulating cancer cells. Several lines of evidence indicate that the regulation of the endothelial barrier is tightly regulated by activation of signaling pathways that converge on the regulation of actin cytoskeletal dynamics. In particular, the integrity of the endothelial layer in response to oxidative stress is tightly regulated by the balanced activation of the extracellular‐signal regulated kinase (ERK) and the stress‐activated protein kinase‐2/p38 (SAPK2/p38) pathways. Activation of the SAPK2/p38 pathway is required to trigger actin polymerization, whereas activation of the ERK pathway by contributing to phosphorylate tropomyosin‐1 triggers the formation of focal adhesions allowing the anchorage of actin filaments generated by SAPK2/p38 to bundle into stress fibers. Dysregulation of this equilibrium by inhibiting ERK leads to membrane blebbing, an early manifestation of oxidative toxicity that is associated with disruption of the endothelial layer integrity. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thermogenic effect of thyroid hormones: interactions with epinephrine and insulin.

The interactions between thyroid hormones, epinephrine, and insulin in the regulation of energy expenditure were investigated in a group of healthy young men before and after thyroxine (T4) treatment (300 micrograms/day for 14 days) at basal plasma insulin concentrations and during hypoinsulinemia with and without epinephrine infusion (0.05 micrograms.kg fat-free mass-1.min-1). T4 treatment induced moderate hyperthyroidism and increased resting energy expenditure (RMR). The effect was more pronounced during short-term hypoinsulinemia, but hypoinsulinemia by itself did not influence RMR. Epinephrine infusion caused a significant increase in energy expenditure. The effect was most pronounced at hypoinsulinemia and with T4 treatment. Hypoinsulinemia and T4 treatment were not additive in their effects. We conclude that basal insulin concentrations mask some of the thermogenic effects of thyroid hormones and epinephrine. Thus insulin antagonism may suppress some of the thermogenic actions of thyroid hormones and epinephrine.
GABAA Receptors: Properties and Trafficking

ABSTRACT Fast synaptic inhibition in the brain and spinal cord is mediated largely by ionotropic γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors. GABAA receptors play a key role in controlling neuronal activity; thus modulating their function will have important consequences for neuronal excitation. GABAA receptors are important therapeutic targets for a range of sedative, anxiolytic, and hypnotic agents and are involved in a number of CNS diseases, including sleep disturbances, anxiety, premenstrual syndrome, alcoholism, muscle spasms, Alzheimer's disease, chronic pain, schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorders, and epilepsy. This review focuses on the functional and pharmacological properties of GABAA receptors and trafficking as an essential mechanism underlying the dynamic regulation of synaptic strength.
Pitch prediction from Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients using sparse spectrum recovery

This work proposes a technique for predicting the pitch from Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) vectors. Previous pitch prediction methods are based on the statistical models such as Gaussian mixture models and hidden Markov models. In this paper, we propose a three-step method to estimate pitch from MFCC vectors. First the Mel-filterbank energies (MFBEs) are estimated from MFCC vectors. Secondly, we propose a novel method to estimate the spectrum from MFBE that exploits the sparse nature of the voiced speech spectrum. Finally, the pitch is estimated from the recovered spectrum. We also explore the effect of different levels of truncation of the discrete cosine transformation (DCT) coefficients in MFCC computation on the pitch prediction error. We use the deep neutral network (DNN) based predictor as baseline to predict the pitch from MFCC vectors. The experiments using CMU-ARCTIC and KEELE database show that the proposed three-step method generalizes better across databases and genders resulting in a drop of ∼8Hz and ∼5Hz in average RMSE of predicted pitch with respect to those from DNN when 13-dimensional and 26-dimensional MFCC vectors are used for pitch prediction respectively. We also find that the sparsity constraint performs better in recovering the spectrum at lower pitch values.
Oral ganciclovir dosing in transplant recipients and dialysis patients based on renal function.

BACKGROUND An oral formulation of ganciclovir (GCV) was recently approved for the prevention of cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients. This study was designed to determine the bioavailability of GCV and to test a dosing algorithm in transplant and dialysis patients with different levels of renal function. METHODS Pharmacokinetic studies were carried out in 23 patients who were either a recipient of an organ transplant or on hemodialysis. Drug dosing was established by the following algorithm based on calculated creatinine clearance (CrCl): CrCl = [(140-age) x body weight]/(72 x Cr) x 0.85 for women that is, CrCl >50 ml/min, 1000 mg every 8 hr; CrCl of 25-50 ml/min, 1000 mg every 24 hr; CrCl of 10-24 ml/ min, 500 mg every day; CrCl < 10 ml/min (or on dialysis), 500 mg every other day after dialysis. GCV was taken within 30 min after a meal. The patients received oral GCV for between 12 days and 14 weeks. Serum specimens (or plasma from patients on hemodialysis) obtained at steady state were analyzed for GCV concentrations by high-performance liquid chromatography. In nine of the transplant recipients, absolute bioavailability was determined by comparing GCV levels after single oral and intravenous doses of GCV. RESULTS The following GCV concentrations (mean +/-SD) were determined: with CrCl of > or =70 ml/min, the minimum steady-state concentration (Cmin) and maximum concentration (Cmax) were 0.78+/-0.46 microg/ml and 1.42+/-0.37 microg/ml, respectively, with a 24-hr area under the concentration time curve (AUC0-24) of 24.7+/-7.8 microg x hr/ml; with CrCl of 50-69 ml/min, the Cmin and Cmax were 1.93+/-0.48 and 2.57+/-0.39 microg/ml, respectively, with an AUC0-24 of 52.1+/-10.1 microg x hr/ml; with CrCl of 25-50 ml/min, the Cmin and Cmax were 0.41+/-0.27 and 1.17+/-0.32 microg/ml, respectively, with an AUC0-24 of 14.6+/-7.4 microg x hr/ml. For one patient with a CrCl of 23.8 ml/min, the Cmin and Cmax were 0.32 and 0.7 microg/ml, respectively, with an AUC0-24 of 10.7 microg x hr/ml. With CrCl of <10 ml/min, the mean Cmin and Cmax were 0.75+/-0.42 and 1.59+/-0.55 microg/ml, respectively, with a mean AUC0-24 of 64.6+/-18.8 microg x hr/ml. Absolute bioavailability, for the nine patients so analyzed, was 7.2+/-2.4%. For those patients with end-stage renal failure, GCV concentrations fell during dialysis from a mean of 1.47+/-0.48 microg/ml before dialysis to 0.69+/-0.38 microg/ml after dialysis. CONCLUSIONS The bioavailability of oral GCV in transplant patients was similar to that observed in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. However, levels between 0.5 and 1 microg/ml (within the IC50 of most cytomegalovirus isolates) could be achieved with tolerable oral doses. The proposed dosing algorithm resulted in adequate levels for patients with CrCl greater than 50 ml/min and for patients on dialysis. For patients with CrCl between 10 and 50 ml/min, the levels achieved were low and these patients would likely benefit from increased doses.
Treatment response in acute/early infection versus advanced AIDS: equivalent first and second phases of HIV RNA decline

Objective:Compare the initial phases of virologic decay when acute/early and advanced HIV-infected adults are administered the same treatment regimen. Design:Mathematical modeling of a previously completed prospective treatment pilot study involving treatment-naive patients with early and advanced immunosuppression. Methods:We analyzed data from a treatment protocol in which 18 individuals with acute or recent HIV-1 seroconversion and six patients with advanced AIDS were administered the same four-drug antiretroviral regimen. Initial treatment responses were compared by fitting a mathematical model to frequent viral load measurements in order to calculate the first and second phase kinetics of viral clearance, and also by comparing viral load suppression over 24 weeks. Patients were also comprehensively compared in terms of protease inhibitor drug levels, HIV-specific immune responses at baseline, and the presence of drug resistance-conferring mutations. Results:There was no statistically meaningful difference in first phase clearance of comparable high-level viremia in the two groups, whether protease inhibitor levels were inserted into the model or 100% antiviral drug effectiveness was assumed. In contrast, acute/early patients had inferior sustained responses than advanced patients, reflecting erratic adherence. Conclusions:Despite many years of intervening immune destruction, the initial virologic decay on therapy appears to be the same at the extremes of the HIV disease spectrum.
Architecture Approaches for 5G Millimetre Wave Access Assisted by 5G Low-Band Using Multi-Connectivity

One of the key technology components envisioned for the delivery of extreme mobile broadband in 5G networks is the radio access using millimetre waves. However, using this technology, it is challenging to provide reliable and seamless data transmission to the users. Due to the propagation characteristics of millimetre waves, high interruption times may occur if line of sight is obstructed between the transmitter and the receiver. Therefore, we propagate that cellular deployment of systems using millimetre waves must be supported by the low-band (below 6 GHz) coverage and the 5G network should be able to provision multiple millimetre waves links for a user. For this purpose, we propose novel functionalities required for Multi-Connectivity in 5G. In line with our proposal, we present a set of different potential architectures for 5G radio access network and discuss their protocol and functional requirements. A qualitative assessment is carried out by comparing the required messages and the potential pros and cons for each architectural approach. Based on the evaluation, some recommendations are highlighted for the design of future 5G access network incorporating millimetre waves transmission.
Showing that Life Events are a Cause of Depression—A Review*

Some necessary conditions are set out for showing that some quality of life events is a cause of depression. Recent advances in method which help to fulfil these conditions are reviewed in the fields of life events, depression and survey design. Studies which may have been regarded as refuting a causal link between life events and depression are analysed in detail and their conclusions are challenged. Studies which have claimed a causal link have used methods which in general fulfil the conditions for showing a cause. It was concluded that the hypothesis that severely unpleasant life events, particularly events involving loss, are a cause of depression has not been refuted. Furthermore, a number of studies have accumulated evidence for such a causal link. The weaknesses of these studies are discussed. Improved methods are suggested for use in future research.
Inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis results in increased endothelial cell susceptibility to nitric oxide-induced apoptosis

Mutations in mitochondrial DNA, affecting the activity of respiratory complexes, have been implicated in many chronic degenerative diseases. Mitochondrial proteins coded for by both the mitochondrial and nuclear genes are known to have important signaling roles in apoptosis. However, the impact of the inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis on apoptosis is largely unknown. This inhibition is particularly important in NO-dependent cytotoxicity, which is believed to have a significant mitochondrial component and depend on other factors such as glycolysis. In this study we have examined whether the inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis by chloramphenicol increases the susceptibility of endothelial cells to undergo NO-dependent apoptosis in glucose-free media. Bovine aortic endothelial cells were treated with chloramphenicol, which resulted in a decreased ratio of mitochondrial complex IV to cytochrome c and increased oxidant production in the cell. Inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis was associated with a greater susceptibility of the cells to apoptosis induced by NO in glucose-free medium.
Pharmacology of Oxytocin and Vasopressin Receptors in the Central and Peripheral Nervous System a

Receptors for vasopressin and oxytocin have been characterized in a large number of tissues and cell types using tritiated peptides, arginine (AVP) and lysine vasopressin, oxytocin, desGly9-d(CH,),-[~-Tyr(Et)2] VAVP, d(CH&5-[Tyr(Me)2]AVP, and more recently dDAVP. On the basis of functional and pharmacological criteria, at least four receptor subtypes for neurohypophysial peptides in the rat can be distinguished: V,, V,,, V2 vasopressin receptors, and oxytocin receptors. The identification of vasopressin and oxytocin receptors in the brain and peripheral nervous tissue was mainly based on the demonstration of close similarities between these sites and well-characterized peripheral receptors with respect to the kinetics of hormonal binding and ligand selectivity. However, it was unexpectedly found that oxytocin receptors are recognized with a high affinity by vasopressin as well as oxytocin. This property, together with the fact that the available tritiated hormones (arginine, vasopressin, and oxytocin) have a low specific radioactivity, prompted us to develop some new ligands. The aim of the present article is to discuss the properties of vasopressin and oxytocin receptors in the central and peripheral nervous tissue and to present the new specific radioligands developed for the characterization and localization of these receptors.
Relationship between the fluctuation of daily yield and volume about the stock market

At first,introduces the GARCH-M model under the Mixture Distribution Hypothesis(MDH),Because GARCH-M model is a model that investigates the relationship between the yield and risk,so adopt the method that the uniformation volume and information volume are added to the mean equation of the GARCH-M model,finally investigate the relationship between the volatility of daily yield and volume about the stock market.The conclusion is the information volume has stronger interpretation than the uniformation one and the part of information volume beyond mean value has stronger interpretation than the whole information one.
Oxidized Phospholipids Induce Changes in Hepatic Paraoxonase and ApoJ but Not Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 via Interleukin-6*

In this study, we tested if interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a role in mediating the effects of oxidized phospholipids (OXPL). Treatment of HepG2 cells with oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoryl choline (OX-PAPC), or biologically active lipids present in mildly oxidized low density lipoprotein, increased apolipoprotein J (apoJ), and decreased paraoxonase (PON) mRNA levels. Antibodies to IL-6 blocked these changes. IL-6 treatment in the absence of OXPL produced the same pattern of mRNA changes observed with OXPL treatment alone.In vivo, OX-PAPC injected into C57BL/6J mice resulted in a marked reduction in PON activity and an increase in apoJ levels in plasma after 16 h. Injection of OX-PAPC into IL-6-deficient C57BL/6J mice (IL-6 −/−) did not alter either PON activity or apoJ levels. We then tested if other mechanisms involved in fatty streak formation depended upon IL-6. Antibody to IL-6 had no effect on OX-PAPC-induced secretion of MCP-1 by endothelial cells nor on MCP-1 mRNA expression in HepG2 cells. C57BL/6J and IL-6 −/− mice fed an atherogenic diet both demonstrated markedly reduced plasma PON activities and the IL-6 −/− mice developed fatty streaks to a greater degree than wild-type mice. We conclude that IL-6 is critical to short term but not long term regulation of PON and that IL-6 is not required for OXPL regulation of MCP-1.
Comparative Analysis of Asset Pricing Models Based on Log-Normal Distribution and Tsallis Distribution using Recurrence Plot in an Emerging Market

Abstract It has long been challenged that the distributions of empirical returns do not follow the log-normal distribution upon which many celebrated results of finance are based including the Black–Scholes Option-Pricing model. Borland (2002) succeeds in obtaining alternate closed form solutions for European options based on Tsallis distribution, which allow for statistical feedback as a model of the underlying stock returns. Motivated by this, we simulate two distinct time series based on initial data from NIFTY daily close values, one based on the Gaussian return distribution and the other on non-Gaussian distribution. Using techniques of non-linear dynamics, we examine the underlying dynamic characteristics of both the simulated time series and compare them with the characteristics of actual data. Our findings give a definite edge to the non-Gaussian model over the Gaussian one.