Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rôle du langage dans le développement du style cognitif

Cet article tente une synthese du role du langage dans le developpement de la pensee, et plus particulierement, du style cognitif. En effet, par l’intermediaire d’une analyse epistemologique, l’auteur etudie la relation entre le langage et la pensee a travers differents courants de pensee. Passant en revue les courants « idealiste » et « realiste », il en arrive a la conclusion que seule l’approche materialiste de la relation langage-style cognitif permet de cerner la complexite de ces deux variables et de leur relation. A partir des pratiques sociales des individus, le langage devient une variable intermediaire dans le developpement du style cognitif.
Coverage of mental health and substance misuse topics in the Cochrane review system

Aims. To assess the breadth of mental and substance coverage in the Cochrane review system. Methods. All mental health and substance entries were identified from the 2005 to April 2012 Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Results. A total of 1019 entries focused on mental health or substance misuse, with 698 (68.5%) being completed reviews. One out of every five entries focused on serious mental illness/psychosis. Systematic reviews addressing unipolar depression, dementia and certain substance disorders also appeared well-represented. In contrast, a number of impairing disorders frequently seen in practice received less attention, with bipolar disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and autism spectrum disorders each accounting for less than 2% of the entries. The majority of interventions reviewed involved medication (57.1%), although this was not the case for a number of childhood-onset disorders. Some diagnostic areas (sleep, anxiety, mood and substance) were addressed by multiple Cochrane review groups (CRGs). Conclusions. The Cochrane Collaboration is well poised to be a strong guiding influence to those seeking to employ evidence-based mental health care. Broadening its diagnostic coverage and diversifying types of intervention reviewed would probably further maximize its impact. A more centralized and directed approach of prioritizing topics could help ensure more comprehensive coverage.
Linoleic acid derivative DCP-LA improves learning impairment in SAMP8

In the water-maze test, the linoleic acid derivative, 8-[2-(2-pentyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-cyclopropyl]-octanoic acid (DCP-LA) (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), significantly shortened the prolonged latency for accelerated-senescence-prone mice 8 (SAMP8), reaching a level similar to the latency for accelerated-senescence-resistant mice 1 (SAMR1) as control. In the open-field test to assess motor activity, it was confirmed that the DCP-LA effect is not due to increased motor activity. In the passive avoidance test to assess fear memory, DCP-LA had no effect on the latency of acquisition and retention for SAMP8. The results of the present study, thus, suggest that DCP-LA could improve age-related learning impairment by enhancing cognitive functions.
Transflective liquid crystal displays

In this review paper, a detailed overview of the transflective liquid crystal display (LCD) technology is presented. We first introduce the transflector classifications based on their composition and properties. Then, in reviewing the development history, we investigate the mainstream transflective LCDs, including their operating principles, advantages, and disadvantages. Finally, the image quality issues of transflective LCDs, such as color balance, image brightness, and viewing angle, are discussed.
nserción territorial local de la ganadería vacuna y artificialización de los sistemas de producción en el sudoeste pampeano

RESUMEN El presente trabajo se propone poner en evidencia las relaciones entre artificialización de la alimentación de los bovinos y el capital social local. Capital social local es reinterpretado desde la Geografía Social, a través del concepto de “inserción territorial de la actividad agropecuaria” definido por Albaladejo Esta inserción territorial se desarrolla en tres dimensiones de la actividad humana: producción y reproducción de la vida material (esfera económica), producción y reproducción de la vida personal e íntima (esfera privada) y participación a la vida política y asociativa (esfera pública). En la actualidad el proceso más importante en la transformación de la ganadería vacuna del sudoeste pampeano es la artificialización y complejificación de la gestión de la nutrición animal. Se analizaron desde el concepto de inserción territorial, diez explotaciones agropecuarias que representan diversas combinaciones de artificialización y complejificación. Se observa claramente que los sistemas con mayor inserción local no son necesariamente los menos artificializados. Sin embargo, se debe considerar que existen combinaciones, pero también contradicciones, entre las tres dimensiones de la inserción territorial local, y las formas de artificialización y complejificación de la nutrición animal. Estas conclusiones aportan elementos para la evaluación de la sustentaibilidad de los sistemas de producción: para ser sustentable, la artificialización se debe corresponder con formas de inserción local fuerte.
Recombinant human BMP-2 and allograft compared with autogenous bone graft for reconstruction of diaphyseal tibial fractures with cortical defects. A randomized, controlled trial.

BACKGROUND Currently, the treatment of diaphyseal tibial fractures associated with substantial bone loss often involves autogenous bone-grafting as part of a staged reconstruction. Although this technique results in high healing rates, the donor-site morbidity and potentially limited supply of suitable autogenous bone in some patients are commonly recognized drawbacks. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the benefit and safety of the osteoinductive protein recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) when implanted on an absorbable collagen sponge in combination with freeze-dried cancellous allograft. METHODS Adult patients with a tibial diaphyseal fracture and a residual cortical defect were randomly assigned to receive either autogenous bone graft or allograft (cancellous bone chips) for staged reconstruction of the tibial defect. Patients in the allograft group also received an onlay application of rhBMP-2 on an absorbable collagen sponge. The clinical evaluation of fracture-healing included an assessment of pain with full weight-bearing and fracture-site tenderness. The Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA) was administered before and after treatment. Radiographs were used to document union, the presence of extracortical bridging callus, and incorporation of the bone-graft material. RESULTS Fifteen patients were enrolled in each group. The mean length of the defect was 4 cm (range, 1 to 7 cm). Ten patients in the autograft group and thirteen patients in the rhBMP-2/allograft group had healing without further intervention. The mean estimated blood loss was significantly less in the rhBMP-2/allograft group. Improvement in the SMFA scores was comparable between the groups. No patient in the rhBMP-2/allograft group had development of antibodies to BMP-2; one patient had development of transient antibodies to bovine type-I collagen. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that rhBMP-2/allograft is safe and as effective as traditional autogenous bone-grafting for the treatment of tibial fractures associated with extensive traumatic diaphyseal bone loss. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Online Knowledge Gradient Exploration in an Unknown Environment

We present online kernel-based LSPI (or least squares policy iteration) which is an extension of offline kernel-based LSPI. Online kernel-based LSPI combines characteristics of both online LSPI and offline kernel-based LSPI to improve the convergence rate as well as the optimal policy performances of the online LSPI. Online kernel-based LSPI uses knowledge gradient policy as an exploration policy and the approximate linear dependency based kernel sparsification method to select features automatically. We compare the optimal policy performance of online kernel-based LSPI and online LSPI on a 4 discrete Markov decision problems, where online kernel-based LSPI outperform online LSPI.
A robust implicit state observer for multiple-input multiple-output uncertain systems

A new mathematical method of estimating the state for uncertain continuous-time multiple-input multiple-output minimum-phase (with respect to the relation between the disturbance and the output) dynamical systems with arbitrarily relative degrees is presented. For the systems with relative degree one, the state observer which is perfectly robust to disturbances is constructed by using only the input and output information. The estimating error of the state decays to zero exponentially. For the systems with higher relative degrees, the state observer is formulated for the first time, where the input and output information, and the a priori information of the upper and lower bounds of the disturbances are employed. In this case, the estimating error of the state can be controlled to be as small as is needed by the design parameters. The attraction of the proposed observers lies in their robustness to disturbances and insensitivity to the high-frequency noises accompanying the inputs. A design example and its simulation results are presented to illustrate the proposed algorithm.
A Chryseobacterium meningosepticum Outbreak in a Neonatal Ward

Abstract Objective: To report epidemiologic, bacteriologic, and clinical features of a Chryseobacterium meningosepticum outbreak. Design: Outbreak investigation. Setting: A neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a referral teaching hospital. Methods: During 2 weeks in September 2001, four neonates in the NICU developed sepsis and underwent laboratory investigation. Multiple samples were obtained for cultures from endotracheal tubes, mechanical ventilators and humidifier boxes, infant incubators, parenteral and antiseptic solutions, feeding bottles, sinks, faucets, doors, and healthcare workers. Results: C. meningosepticum was isolated from the blood cultures of four patients. The first isolate was identified 5 days after the death of the index case. Although all isolates were ciprofloxacin susceptible in vitro, the remaining three patients did not respond to ciprofloxacin therapy given for 6 or 7 days. Therapy was switched to vancomycin and rifampin and all three patients survived, with one having a complication (hydrocephalus). Environmental surveillance revealed C. meningosepticum in the stock lipid solution as the source of the epidemic. The outbreak was controlled after discontinuation of intravenous lipid solution, restriction of further neonatal admissions, and thorough disinfection of the unit and its equipment. Conclusion: Early identification of an epidemic and its source is important in avoiding morbidity and mortality. A contaminated lipid stock bottle was the source of this outbreak associated with multiple cases and one death.
Vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein is anchored to intracellular membranes near its carboxyl end and is proteolytically cleaved at its amino terminus

The intracellular vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (G) is inserted into membranes such that a small portion of one end of the molecule is exposed on the cytoplasmic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum and is susceptible to proteolytic digestion (T.G. Morrison, C.O. McQuain, and D. Simpson, J. Virol. 28:368-374). We have determined that this region of the G protein contains two methionyl tryptic peptides. The methionyl tryptic peptides of the G protein have been ordered by the use of the antibiotic pactamycin, and the two methionyl tryptic peptides removed by proteolytic digestion of intracellular G protein have been shown to be derived from the carboxyl terminal end of the protein. In addition, we have found that the unglycosylated G protein synthesized in a reticulocyte cell-free reaction migrates on polyacrylamide gels slightly slower than the unglycosylated G protein synthesized in tunicamycin-treated infected cells. We have also compared these G proteins derived from different sources by partial proteolysis (D.W. Cleveland, S.G. Fischer, M.W. Kirschner, and V.K. Laemmli, J. Biol. Chem. 252:1102-1106) and by chymotryptic peptide analysis. We have found minor differences between the two proteins consistent with the removal of 10 to 15 amino acids from the amino terminus of the intracellular G protein.
Video Classification via Relational Feature Encoding Networks

In this paper, we propose a novel Relational Feature Encoding Network for video classification. The proposed network uses a set of relational functions wired on top of a backbone convolutional neural network (ConvNet) to generate multiple complementary feature streams on the fly, which are then combined by an aggregation module to form a video-level representation for recognition. The relational functions compute new relational features by applying element-wise operations or a simple projection to pairs of raw ConvNet features, and thus encode the underlying temporal dynamics and relationship of contextual frames which are critical for recognizing video contents. In this work, we explore a number of design choices for both the relational functions and the aggregation functions, and evaluate the resulting deep model on a number of video classification benchmarks, including the extended Fudan-Columbia Video dataset, UCF101, and Kinetics. Experimental results demonstrate that our model is not only well-suited for action recognition, but also exhibits promising performance for general videos.
A new approach to managing work-related road traffic injury: The development of a health investment framework

ABSTRACT Objective: Statistics indicate that employees commuting or traveling as part of their work are overrepresented in workplace injury and death. Despite this, many organizations are unaware of the factors within their organizations that are likely to influence potential reductions in work-related road traffic injury. Methods: This article presents a multilevel conceptual framework that identifies health investment as the central feature in reducing work-related road traffic injury. Within this framework, we explore factors operating at the individual driver, workgroup supervisor, and organizational senior management levels that create a mutually reinforcing system of safety. Results: The health investment framework identifies key factors at the senior manager, supervisor, and driver levels to cultivating a safe working environment. These factors are high-performance workplace systems, leader–member exchange and autonomy, trust and empowerment, respectively. The framework demonstrates the important interactions between these factors and how they create a self-sustaining organizational safety system. Conclusions: The framework aims to provide insight into the future development of interventions that are strategically aligned with the organization and target elements that facilitate and enhance driver safety and ultimately reduce work-related road traffic injury and death.
Diagnosis of EHV and HV Transformers Through an Innovative Partial-Discharge-Based Technique

Online partial discharge (PD) analysis of power transformers is sometimes complex due to the presence of large disturbance and noise as well as to uncertainty in PD source identification. In this paper, a novel approach to PD detection and analysis in online power transformers is presented. The proposed approach provides hardware and software tools to remove disturbance, noise, separate contributions from different sources and, eventually, identify PD sources. Besides, a description of the hardware tools used to assemble the diagnostic system, the tests (in the lab and on real transformers) carried out to build the reference database needed for identification system training will be discussed, providing rules for PD source identification. A number of working cases will be presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Simplified analysis of orthogonal matching pursuit performance in compressed sensing

We perform theoretical analysis of compressed sensing with Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) recovery. In the analysis we utilize an OMP simplification where the estimation step in each iteration is assumed to be perfect. We consider the case when the noise is AWGN, the signal is sparse with equal energy nonzero components and the measurement matrix has i.i. d. Gaussian entries. We estimate the probability of perfect support reconstruction. We then extend the analysis to the Multiple Measurement Vector case. The analysis sheds new light on the compressed sensing recovery and gives a close estimate of the OMP reconstruction performance.
Early Intervention Practices for Children With Autism: Descriptions From Community Providers

Across the country, states are reporting increases in the number of children With autism enrolled in the education system. Although a feW specific treatment methods have been established as efficacious for some children With autism in controlled settings, research examining the translation of these treatments into early intervention programs has been minimal. The current study examined provider self-reports of the use of interventions in community settings through focus groups. Providers report the use of both evidence-based and non—evidence-based techniques and indicate that they often combine and modify these techniques based on child, personal, and external factors. FeW providers had a clear understanding of evidence-based practice, and all providers reported concerns about adequate training. Implications for early intervention research are discussed.
Genome Defense Mechanisms in Neurospora and Associated Specialized Proteins

Neurospora crassa, the filamentous fungus possesses widest array of genome defense mechanisms known to any eukaryotic organism, including a process called repeat-induced point mutation (RIP). RIP is a genome defense mechanism that hypermutates repetitive DNA sequences; analogous to genomic imprinting in mammals. As an impact of RIP, Neurospora possesses many fewer genes in multigene families than expected. A DNA methyltransferase homologue, RID was shown to be essential for RIP. Recently, a variant catalytic subunit of translesion DNA polymerase zeta (Pol￻ζ ) has been found to be essential for dominant RIP suppressor phenotype. Meiotic silencing and quelling are two other genome defense mechanisms in Neurospora, and proteins required for these two processes have been identified through genetic screens.
Reduced N-Acetylaspartate Levels in Mice Lacking Aralar, a Brain- and Muscle-type Mitochondrial Aspartate-glutamate Carrier*

Aralar is a mitochondrial calcium-regulated aspartate-glutamate carrier mainly distributed in brain and skeletal muscle, involved in the transport of aspartate from mitochondria to cytosol, and in the transfer of cytosolic reducing equivalents into mitochondria as a member of the malate-aspartate NADH shuttle. In the present study, we describe the characteristics of aralar-deficient (Aralar-/-) mice, generated by a gene-trap method, showing no aralar mRNA and protein, and no detectable malate-aspartate shuttle activity in skeletal muscle and brain mitochondria. Aralar-/- mice were growth-retarded, exhibited generalized tremoring, and had pronounced motor coordination defects along with an impaired myelination in the central nervous system. Analysis of lipid components showed a marked decrease in the myelin lipid galactosyl cerebroside. The content of the myelin lipid precursor, N-acetylaspartate, and that of aspartate are drastically decreased in the brain of Aralar-/- mice. The defect in N-acetylaspartate production was also observed in cell extracts from primary neuronal cultures derived from Aralar-/- mouse embryos. These results show that aralar plays an important role in myelin formation by providing aspartate for the synthesis of N-acetylaspartate in neuronal cells.
Sensitivity, noise, and resolution in QCM sensors in liquid media

The use of quartz-crystal oscillators as high-sensitivity microbalance sensors is limited by the frequency noise present in the circuit. To characterize the behavior of the sensors, it is not enough to determine their experimental sensitivity, but, rather, it is essential to study the frequency fluctuations in order to establish the sensor resolution. This is fundamental in the case of oscillators for damping media, because the level of noise rises due to the strong decline of the quality factor of the resonator. In this paper, a comparative study of noise and resolution is presented with respect to the frequency and the quality factor. The study has been made using four oscillators designed to be used in quartz-crystal microbalance sensors in damping media. The four circuits have been designed at increasing frequencies in order to improve the sensitivity or frequency change per unit of measurand. Also, the present theoretical resolution limit or best resolution achievable with a microbalance oscillator using an AT resonator is determined, since this does not depend on frequency. However, when operating in liquid, the damping of the resonator makes the resolution diminish due to a worsening of the quality factor. The relationship between the resolution limit and the frequency and characteristics of the liquid medium is determined. The resolution worsens when the density and viscosity of the liquid is increased. However, in this case, an increase in frequency implies a small increase in resolution. Therefore, we find that when working below the maximum quality factor, for similar values, the resolution can be improved by elevating the work frequency.
Impact of Individual and Team Features of Patient Safety Climate: A Survey in Family Practices

PURPOSE Knowledge about safety climate is fundamental to improving patient safety in health care organizations. Because individual and organizational factors influence the safety climate, we conducted a health care survey of German family practices so we could analyze the impact of the professional group, the professional experience of practice staff, and practice characteristics on perceptions of the safety climate. METHODS We wrote to health care assistants and doctors in 1,800 randomly selected family practices in Germany and asked them to complete a newly developed and validated Frankfurt Patient Safety Climate Questionnaire. We conducted a descriptive analyses of items and climate factors, as well as regression analysis, to identify potential predictors of the safety climate in family practice. RESULTS The response rate from the participating practices was 36.1%. Safety climate was perceived to be generally positive with the exception of the factors of error management and perception of the causes of errors. We discovered that whether or not the entire team had taken part in the survey had a positive influence on most factors. Doctors had more positive perceptions of 4 of 7 factors addressed to both professions. Male participants and doctors showed the most willingness to admit they had made an error. CONCLUSIONS Though the safety climate in German family practices was positive overall, health care professionals’ use of incident reporting and a system’s approach to errors was fairly rare. When evaluating the safety climate in primary health care practices, respondents’ individual characteristics, as well as organizational features, should be taken into account.