Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preferential Arrangement Containment in Strict Superpatterns

Most results on pattern containment deal more directly with pattern avoidance, or the enumeration and characterization of strings which avoid a given set of patterns. Little research has been conducted regarding the word size required for a word to contain all patterns of a given set of patterns. The set of patterns for which containment is sought in this thesis is the set of preferential arrangements of a given length. The term preferential arrangement denotes strings of characters in which repeated characters are allowed, but not necessary. Cardinalities for sets of all preferential arrangements of given lengths and alphabet sizes are found, as well as cardinalities for sets where reversals fall into the same equivalence class and for sets in higher dimensions. The minimum word length and the word length necessary for a strict superpattern to contain all preferential arrangements for alphabet sizes two and three are also detailed.
Role of IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor in coxsackie virus-induced autoimmune myocarditis.

We have previously reported that B10.A (H-2a) mice, which are resistant to the induction of postcoxsackievirus autoimmune myocarditis, become susceptible upon treatment with LPS, IL-1, or TNF. In this study, we show that the development of autoimmune myocarditis is associated with infiltration of the heart by inflammatory cells that secrete the cytokines IL-1 and TNF. Local secretion of these cytokines contributes to increased levels of IL-1 and TNF in the serum. Thus, local production of cytokines promotes the induction of this postinfectious autoimmune disease.
Fast recovery performance of vertical GaN Schottky barrier diodes on low-dislocation-density GaN substrates

Vertical GaN Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) were fabricated on free-standing GaN substrates with low dislocation density. Vertical GaN-SBDs with a forward current of 5A and a blocking voltage of 600V exhibit the most superior reverse recovery characteristics among GaN, SiC, and Si diodes. We also confirmed stable forward and reverse aging characteristics for 1000 hours at 150 °C.
Can banks survive in zero interest rate era

Although there are many different reasons for the occurrence of economic crises, the economists use the decline of interest rate as a conjoint treatment to get out of these crises. After the last economic crisis, interest rates reached near zero percent, raising a question: Can banks survive with zero interest rate? This requires changing the nature of banks’ behaviors from house of deposits to house of Investment. This paper proposes a model to let banks work without using bank interest rates. This proposal was then tested by applying the proposed model to one of the Egyptian banks and comparing the results with the present status. The research finds that all parties have positive benefits, which open the door to finance a lot of projects that support economic development plans. At the same time, it may comply with the principles of Islamic economics.
Which patients stop working because of rheumatoid arthritis? Results of five years' follow up in 732 patients from the Early RA Study (ERAS)

Objectives: To assess the occurrence and prognostic factors for the ability to maintain paid work in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Setting: Inception cohort of patients with RA recruited from rheumatology departments in nine NHS Hospital Trusts in England. Patients: All consecutive patients with RA of less than two years' duration, before any second line (disease modifying) drug treatment, and followed up for five years. Methods: Clinical, laboratory, and radiological assessments, and all treatments were recorded prospectively using a standardised format at presentation and yearly. Outcome measures: Changes in, and loss of paid work by five years' follow up. Results: 732 patients completed the five year follow up. 353/721 (49%) were gainfully employed at the onset of RA, 211 (60%) were still working at five years, 104 (29%) stopped because of the disease, and 31 (9%) retired for reasons other than RA. Work disability at five years was more likely in manual workers (odds ratio (OR) 2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4 to 3.8) and worse baseline Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ>1.5, OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.38 to 3.7). In combination with other baseline variables (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, sex, age of onset, and radiological erosions), employment outcome was predicted in 78% using multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Nearly half of the patients with RA were in paid employment at onset, work disability was an adverse outcome for a third of these patients by five years, and manual work and high baseline HAQ were important predictors for this. These details are likely to be useful to clinicians, health professionals, and patients in order to plan medical, orthopaedic, and remedial treatments in early RA. Future disease modifying treatments could be compared with this cohort of patients who were treated with conventional second line drugs.
Relations between Country R&D Expenses and Startup IPO in Europe : Empirical Research of Startup IPO Activities from 2005 to 2014

This paper put an attempt to find the impact of money supply, specifically in promoting research and development, of EU countries contributes in successes of startup IPO process. The paper is formulated to prove the hypothesis that the number of money supply in R&D affect the number of IPO within EU countries. This hypothesis comes from the previous research about the impact of patent in reducing asymmetric information of the firm before going to IPO. The model comes from Schumpeter assumption that economic growth is an effect of knowledge accumulation. The data come from 17 countries in Europe. The model is a data panel regression. The variables that used are number of IPO as dependent variable and number of money supply in research and development as independent variable. We use 10 years’ data range period from 2005 until 2014. The paper finds the robust relationship between countries research and development expenses and the number of IPO activities in 17 European countries. This research will contribute in providing empirical research about the relationship between favourable research environment (proxied by money supply in R&D) and firms IPO. The expectation is a government will promote and allocate more fiscal project in research and development.
Interactions of HTF4 with E-box motifs in the long terminal repeat of human immunodeficiency virus type 1

We have identified three consensus E-box motifs in the long terminal repeat of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. One of these E boxes interacts selectively with representative members of the class A group of basic helix-loop-helix proteins, including HTF4, E47, and their heterodimers. Our analyses implicate the helix-loop-helix proteins in regulation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gene expression.
Drug release from enzyme-mediated in situ-forming hydrogel based on gum tragacanth–tyramine conjugate

In the present study, injectable hydrogels based on gum tragacanth–tyramine conjugate were prepared by enzymatic oxidation of tyramine radicals in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Then, in vitro release of bovine serum albumin and insulin as model protein drugs from this polymeric network was investigated. Also, to improve the properties of this hydrogel, a blended hydrogel composed of tyramine-conjugated gelatin and tyramine-conjugated tragacanth was prepared. Experimental results showed that the gelation time ranged from 3 to 28 s depending on the polymer and enzyme concentrations. Results of morphological investigation of hydrogels indicated that the average pore size of hydrogels varied from 120 to 160 µm. Swelling degree of hydrogels and the rate of drug release decreased by increasing of hydrogen peroxide and polymer concentrations. The release profile of drug from hydrogels followed Higuchi and Fickian diffusion mechanism. Finally, it was shown that the swelling characteristics and drug release behavior of this polymeric network could be improved by blending it with tyramine-conjugated gelatin.
Comparative Service Quality Metrics in Regular and Nonregular Undergraduate Marketing Programs: Implications for Marketing Education and Professionalism

Nonregular higher education in Nigeria became an integral part of the university manpower development since 1960, when the Ashby Commission recommended establishing evening degree programs. These ubiquitous programs have contributed to national capacity-building and remain relatively unmonitored by the National Universities Commission. This article examined the relative service quality levels among 368 undergraduate students from the regular and nonregular marketing programs at Abia State University. The regular program served as the control. The study found that besides long results’ turnaround time being the nonregular students’ dominant stressor (followed by the state of facilities), the nonregular program deviated from an ideal benchmark by 81% as opposed to the regular program’s 47%. The study recommended a paradigm shift in competitive university governance for nonregular marketing programs that prioritizes speedy results publication and facilities upgrade.
Effect of point-of-care computer reminders on physician behaviour: a systematic review

Background: The opportunity to improve care using computer reminders is one of the main incentives for implementing sophisticated clinical information systems. We conducted a systematic review to quantify the expected magnitude of improvements in processes of care from computer reminders delivered to clinicians during their routine activities. Methods: We searched the MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL databases (to July 2008) and scanned the bibliographies of retrieved articles. We included studies in our review if they used a randomized or quasi-randomized design to evaluate improvements in processes or outcomes of care from computer reminders delivered to physicians during routine electronic ordering or charting activities. Results: Among the 28 trials (reporting 32 comparisons) included in our study, we found that computer reminders improved adherence to processes of care by a median of 4.2% (interquartile range [IQR] 0.8%–18.8%). Using the best outcome from each study, we found that the median improvement was 5.6% (IQR 2.0%–19.2%). A minority of studies reported larger effects; however, no study characteristic or reminder feature significantly predicted the magnitude of effect except in one institution, where a well-developed, “homegrown” clinical information system achieved larger improvements than in all other studies (median 16.8% [IQR 8.7%–26.0%] v. 3.0% [IQR 0.5%–11.5%]; p = 0.04). A trend toward larger improvements was seen for reminders that required users to enter a response (median 12.9% [IQR 2.7%–22.8%] v. 2.7% [IQR 0.6%–5.6%]; p = 0.09). Interpretation: Computer reminders produced much smaller improvements than those generally expected from the implementation of computerized order entry and electronic medical record systems. Further research is required to identify features of reminder systems consistently associated with clinically worthwhile improvements.
Detection and typing of human papillomaviruses by means of polymerase chain reaction and fragment length polymorphism in male genital lesions.

We investigated the distribution of genital human papillomaviruses (HPVs) among 171 consenting men of which four were involved twice in this study. The DNA was obtained from 7 normal tissues and 168 genital lesions of which 115 were diagnosed as condylomata acuminata, 17 as condylomata plana and 36 as HPV-associated lesions (papules, lichen-like lesions, etc.). The DNA samples were analysed for the presence and type of HPV DNA (HPV type 6, 11, 16, 18, 31 or 33) by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Out of 175 specimens tested, 140 (80%) were HPV positive and 35 (20%) HPV negative. There were 81.43% (114 out of 140) typed HPVs, while 18.57% (26 out of 140) remained untyped. Most samples were HPV 6/11 positive (92 out of 114, 80.7%). Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of HPV 6/11 PCR products in 89.13% (82 out of 92) and 10.87% (10 out of 92) specimens corresponded to HPV 6 and HPV 11, respectively. The frequency of other HPVs was low, i.e. there were 4.57% (8 out of 175), 1.71% (3 out of 75) and 0.57% (1 out of 175) HPV type 16, 18 and 33, respectively. There were 10 out of 175 (5.71%) cases of multiple HPV infections, of which 6 out of 10 were cases with HPV 6 and other HPV types. This raises the total prevalence of HPV type 6 to 50.29% (88 out of 175) in the study-population. The clinical diagnosis condylomata acuminata was preferentially associated with low-risk HPVs (types 6 and 11), while other lesions, especially condylomata plana, with high-risk HPVs (types 16, 18, 31 and 33) and untyped HPVs. The male population, indeed, represents a reservoir of HPV infection and directly influences cervical cancerogenesis.
p53 allele losses, mutations and expression in breast cancer and their relationship to clinico‐pathological parameters

The p53 locus on the short arm of chromosome 17 at 17p 13.1 was examined for loss of heterozygosity, mutation, mRNA and protein expression in 60 primary breast cancers. Allele loss around the p53 locus was detected in 19/45 informative tumours (42%). p53 mutations in the evolutionarily conserved exons 5 to 9 were detected in 17/60 (28%) by amplification mismatch and confirmed by direct DNA sequencing. p53 mRNA expression was detected by Northern blot in 36/59 (61%) of tumours, and p53 protein expression using antibody 1801 on frozen‐tissue sections in 13/44 of the tumours examined. p53 mutation was significantly associated with oestrogen‐receptor‐poor tumours (p < 0.01) and hence with poor prognosis, but not with other clinical or pathological parameters. There was no statistical correlation between loss of heterozygosity around the p53 locus at 17p 13.1 and p53 mutation. Furthermore, p53 mutation was not associated with p53 expression detected by immunohistochemical staining with antibody 1801 or as p53 mRNA. In addition, events on 17p (allele losses, p53 mutation, p53 expression) were independent of c‐erb B‐2 expression. In breast cancer, by contrast with colorectal, lung and ovarian cancer, there appears‐to be no clear association between p53 DNA abnormalities and p53 expression.
Visual impairment in Nordic children

Abstract. Careful clinical‐aetiological assessment of visually impaired children is one of the prerequisites for prevention of future, ‘unavoidable’ cases of visual impairment of children in the industrialized part of the world. In a collaborative study (NORDSYN) between four Nordic national registers of visual impairment, we analysed and classified some of the factors considered to be essential components for the development of low vision or blindness in children. We discuss the conceptual basis for aetiological classification of eye disorders and visual impairment. An aetiological classification system, based on the type and debut of an essential causal factor is introduced. We present data on 2527 visually impaired children from the Nordic countries. In accordance with several other reports from the last twenty years it is demonstrated that prenatal factors, including genetic aetiologies, were involved in a large proportion (66%) of the cases. In children without additional impairments the corresponding fraction was 74%. Genetic factors accounted for a little over half of the prenatal cases, and in a substantial number of children (40%) with visual impairments of prenatal origin, the causes were obscure. In 1/5 of the material some peri‐neonatal causal or modifying factor was identified. In 7% only, the presumed aetiological factor was introduced in the infantile‐juvenile period of life. Further prevention of visual impairment among children of the industrialized countries would benefit most from a more comprehensive understanding of prenatal, nongenetic causal factors, further knowledge about regulating mechanisms responsible for gene expression, and additional improvements in perinatal care.
Disaster Communication on the Internet: An Examination of 12 Disaster-Relief Web Sites

This study employs content analysis to examine selected Web sites containing disaster information. It develops a typology of disaster-relief information, including relief, recovery, preparation, general information, and feature articles. This typology is intended to provide a useful frame of reference for practical use in disaster communication. Link and text on each site are examined for specificity and variety. In addition, content volume and subject among our domains, . com, . edu, . gov, and . org, are compared. Indication of differences in both subject specificity and volume were found between sites as well as domains.
A Study on Brand Management With Reference to Louis Philippe Brand

A brand is defined as a consistent and clearly stated promise to deliver unique, focused and relevant benefit that differentiates an offering from those competitors. The function of branding is to create preference by managing consumer’s awareness and expectations of the brand. This is accomplished by developing a brand strategy that outlines rules and guidelines to ensure that the brand owner’s goals and objectives are met. The role of branding has become the integral part of business strategy as it defines a realistic and manageable brand promise, dealing what the brand owner must deliver as what consumers expect of the brand. The study entitled “A study on brand management of Louise Philippe brand” of Madura Fashion and Lifestyle among its customer’s aims to understand more about the brand managing activities in today’s dynamic business environment. The primary interest in choosing this area of study is to gain more information about the current trends related to the topic. Perception can be created in the mind of target markets if the brand is effectively managed. Branding is creating that right perception. The perception of the target market has to be analyzed and that has to be adjusted with the companies positioning statements so that perceptions match. This enjoys higher brand equity in the market place. The main objective of the study is to know about the brand management of Louise Philippe of Madura Fashion and Lifestyle. In this research study the size of sample selected is 100 customers from the population of customers of Trissur. Data is collected with the help of structured questionnaire, which includes open end and closed end questions. Here the hypothesis is done with the help of the chi-square test; this is done to know the relation between age group and brand loyal customers and also to know the relation between age group and online purchase of LP. The next important step in this research process is analysis and interpretation of data collected from respondents. The analysis and interpretation is done with the help of graphs and tabulation. From data analysis and interpretation, findings were drawn and some suggestions also been given to help Louise Philippe showroom to improve their strategies.
Quality of Accounting Information and Internal Audit Characteristics in Nigeria

The basic goal of accounting is to provide quality accounting information that will aid reliable decision-making. The quality level of this accounting information comes from the company’s governance practices, thereby emphasizing the importance of corporate governance in companies. Recently, following the financial crises resulting in accounting scandals, attention has been moving towards internal audit function as an important factor in the structure of corporate governance. This paper therefore examined the extent of the relationship between internal audit function and the quality of accounting information of companies. The study adopted the survey research design. The research instrument employed was questionnaire which was administered to internal auditors of the “Big Four”. Linear regression analysis was employed in the analysis of the data collected with the use of Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results revealed that there is a significant relationship between the internal audit characteristics and the quality of accounting information. It was recommended that in order to provide credibility to the financial statement, there should be a law in place mandating attachment of internal auditors report to the financial statement.
Expression of an early, nonstructural antigen of herpes simplex virus in cell transformed in vitro by herpes simplex virus

Hyperimmune rabbit antiserum to an early, nonstructural herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)-induced polypeptide (VP143) reacted in immunofluorescence tests with a variety of cell lines transformed by HSV-2. Cytoplasmic fluorescence was observed in 10 to 50% of HSV-2-transformed cells, whereas no fluorescence was observed in cells transformed by other oncogenic DNA viruses or by a chemical carcinogen. VP143-specific reactivity could be absorbed from anti-VP143 serum with HSV-2-transformed cells but not with cells transformed by other agents. When HSV-2-transformed cells were synchronized in mitosis and examined at various times postmitosis for VP143-specific fluorescence, the expression of VP143 was shown to be cell cycle dependent.
Urbanization and Deurbanization in the Russian Revolution and Civil War

Urban Russia in 1917 was the crucible of revolution. The collapse of the tsatist government began first in the capital city of Petrograd; the appeal of the Bolshevik party among the urban populations of Petrograd, Moscow, and other cities (along with its influence among troops at the front) was critical in ensuring the successful seizure of power by the Soviets in October 1917. Indeed, the city, and especially its urban work force, had long been central to Marxist theorists, who opposed their vision of a proletarian revolution centered in the city to that of the populists, who believed that rural peasants would provide the spark of revolution in Russia. It was not only a historical irony, then, but also a critical threat to the future course of the revolution, that from the very moment of Bolshevik success in late 1917, thousands and thousands of urban residents, workers and nonworkers, were abandoning the cities for the relative security of provincial towns and rural hamlets. Between May 1917 and April 1918, the city of Moscow lost 300,000 of its 2 million inhabitants. From 1918 to 1920, the city lost another 700,000 people. Moscow's population toward the end of the civil war was thus half of what it had been in the midst of the 1917 revolution. An even more catastrophic fall occurred in Petrograd: its population plummeted from 2.5 million in 1917 to 700,000 in 1920.l Between 1917 and 1920, nearly every city in the former Russian empire had suffered similar population losses. Of the ten largest cities in 1910,
Constancy and difference in personality structure and mean profile, in the questionnaire medium, from applying the 16 P.F. test in America and Japan.

A factor analysis of 32 variables constituted by scales in Forms A and B of the 16 P.F. on 117 American and 300 Japanese male undergraduates yielded highly congruent structures. Differences were no greater than for two American samples, suggesting that these personality source traits have high universality. On factor levels, however, very significant differences were found, explicable partly in terms of the Japanese being more introvert