Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
QUALITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF IN-VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CALLICARPA ARBOREA ROXB, AN ETHNOMEDICINAL PLANT OF MIZORAM, NORTHEAST INDIA

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the phytochemical constitution and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of dried leaves of Callicarpa arborea Roxb, an ethnomedicinal plant of Mizoram, Northeast India Methods: Qualitative analysis of phytochemical constituents was performed by the well known tests protocol available in the literature on the methanolic leaves extract of the plant. Antioxidant activity was studied through DPPH and reducing power using BHT and ascorbic acid respectively as standards. The total phenolic and total flavonoid content were determined using Gallic acid and Quercetin respectively as standards. Results: The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponin, steroids, glycosides, flavonoids and tannins. The methanol extract exhibited IC 50 values of 2.393 µg/ml in DPPH assay. The reducing power of the extract was lower than that of the standard ascorbic acid. The total phenolic content and flavonoid content was 130.6 mg/g and 83.9 mg/g of gallic acid and quercetin equivalent respectively. Conclusion: The results suggest that methanolic leaves extract of Callicarpa arborea has promising antioxidant activity and could serve as potential source of natural antioxidants. Keywords: Callicarpa arborea , Phytochemicals, Antioxidant activity, Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, Phenol and flavonoid.
Polymer hydrogels of 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate and acrylic acid obtained by frontal polymerization

In this work, we report on the synthesis and charac- terization of homopolymers and copolymers of acrylic acid and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate prepared by the use of the frontal poly- merization (FP) technique. Tetraethyleneglycoldiacrylate was used as a crosslinker and benzoyl peroxide as an initiator. The maximum temperatures reached by the front were in the range between 214 � C and 296 � C. Besides, front velocities ranged between 3.9 and 10.8 cm/min, the latter being one of the high- est values reported so far in the FP literature. Differential scan- ning calorimetry was used to estimate the conversion degree, which was always comprised between 90% and 96%, and to determine the glass transition temperatures, which were found to be dependent on the composition, with values ranging from 13 � C to 168 � C. Moreover, the obtained materials were allowed to swell in aqueous solutions at various pH. The samples ex- hibit a moderate increase of the swelling ratio percentage (SR%) at pH � 5-6, and a sudden and larger SR% increase at pH � 12-13 depending on the composition, thus indicating the obtainment of pH-responsive polymer hydrogels. V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 50: 1515- 1520, 2012
Towards the epitaxial growth of silver on germanium by galvanic displacement

This work focuses on the synthesis and interfacial characterization of silver films grown on Ge(111) surfaces. The synthetic approach uses galvanic displacement, a type of electroless deposition that takes place in an efficient manner under aqueous and room temperature conditions. The case of silver-on-germanium has been widely studied and used for several applications, and yet a number of important fundamental questions remain in order to address the nature of these interfaces. Interfacial characterization reveals no evidence for the intermetallic nature of Ag–Ge interfaces and suggests the diffusion of silver into the germanium substrate. The texture nature of the grown silver films was investigated via pole figure X-ray diffraction (XRD) and cross-section nano-beam-diffraction transmission electron microscope (TEM) analyses, indicating the epitaxial growth of silver films on germanium lattices by galvanic displacement at ambient conditions.
Refinement of Twinned Structures with SHELXL97

Four examples of the refinement of twinned structures are discussed. These structures illustrate three different types of twins: twinning by merohedry, pseudo-merohedry and non-merohedral twins. How the twinning was detected, how the structures were solved and how they were refined are shown in this paper. The difference between a refinement as a disordered model and a twinned model is illustrated. Sometimes the twin law was necessary to solve the structure, while in the other examples the twinning was first recognized during refinement of the structures. Finally, a list of ‘characteristic warning signs’ is presented which are indicative of possible twinning.
Comparative Analysis of Rhein Content in Cassia fistula Pod Extract by Thin-Layer Chromatographic-Densitometric and TLC Image Methods

A simple, rapid, and cost-effective thin-layer chromatography (TLC) image analysis was developed and validated to quantify rhein content in Cassia fistula pod pulp extract. ImageJ software was used in the proposed method, and its data were compared to TLC-densitometric data. The TLC image analysis method promoted acceptable validation parameters, showing linear relationship with r2 = 0.9988 in the concentration range of 400–1200 ng spot−1. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 84.60 and 256.36 ng spot−1, respectively. The paired t-test showed no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) between the mean content of rhein performed by these two methods. TLC image analysis is reliable and can be used as an alternative analytical method for rhein content in C. fistula pod pulp extract and its finished products.
Economic Development During Liberalization and The Socio- Economic Status of The Rural Poor: A Case Study of Bihar

This paper investigates the underlying causes of poor economic growth of Bihar despite being endowed with relatively rich natural resources. Against the conventional view, the analysis reveals that poor economic growth is not due to a particular factor but an outcome of a myriad of social, economic and political factors rooted in structural, historical and macro-economic policies. The economic marginalization of Bihar began in the colonial era through the establishment of an exploitative landlord class, which constantly resisted economic and social development even after independence in 1947. The process of marginalization has further been reinforced by the federal central government’s policy of ‘freight equalization’, which nullified the comparative advantage of Bihar in natural resources by subsidizing railway freights of industrial inputs like coal, iron ore, steel, cement and other bulk resources. This, combined with relatively low financial resources received from central government over the consecutive plan periods, has undermined these states’ capacity to invest in health, education, and other social and physical infrastructure and resulted in low human development. The poor performance of Bihar may be attributed to low human capital, weak institutions and poor infrastructure coupled with political instability and social conflict rooted in sectarian politics based on caste, class and ethnic division.
Angiogenesis in glioblastoma: Molecular and cellular mechanisms and clinical applications

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults and carries poor prognosis. Despite advances in therapy, no significant increase in survival has been achieved for GBM patients. These tumors inevitably recur in the majority of patients, and the therapeutic options for recurrent tumors are limited. GBMs are aggressive, fast-growing, and highly infiltrative tumors, with exuberant angiogenesis (microvascular proliferation) and necrosis. However, the newly formed tumor vessels are structurally and functionally abnormal, creating areas of hypoxia and ultimately necrosis, contributing to tumor progression and aggressiveness. Since GBMs are hypervascular in nature, targeting tumor angiogenesis emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. In this review, we summarized the molecular and cellular mechanisms governing GBM angiogenesis, the other modes of tumor vascularization, and the key mediators of these processes. We also discussed the importance of tumor hypoxia in promoting angiogenic and vasculogenic processes, the contributions of GBM stem cells to tumor vasculature, the anti-angiogenic therapy for GBM, and the resistance to such therapy. A better understanding of the molecular and cellular basis of GBM neovascularization, the mechanisms of resistance to therapy, and the contributions of GBM stem cells to tumor vasculature will lead to the development of more effective treatment strategies.
Comparative Growth Performance of Weaner Lambs on Non- conventional Based Ration Under Intensive Production System

Twenty four farms born weaner lambs, 12 each of Marwari and Patanwadi breed were randomly divided into two dietary treatments viz. T1-conventional and T2-nonconventional and fed individually on cemented manger for 180 days under feedlot system. The lambs grew at the rate of 63.38 ± 3.25 and 48.80 ± 2.50 g/d to attain 21.35 ± 1.26 and 18.51 ± 0.85 kg body weight at 11 months of age under conventional and non- conventional treatment groups, respectively. The breeds of lambs did not influence the body weight, body weight gain and body measurements However, body weight, body weight gain and body measurements significantly (P<0.05) influenced by treatment X period X breed, period X breed and treatment, period X breed and treatment X period interaction, respectively. Treatment groups only influenced significantly (p<0.05) to DM intake g/kg M 0.75 where as treatment X period and treatment X breed X period significantly (P<0.05) affected the DM intake as percent of body weight. The feed conversion efficiency in terms of DM, DCP and TDN per kg gain was significantly influenced by dietary treatment in Patanwadi breed group only. Where as FCE in terms of DM, DCP and TDN kg per kg dressed weight significantly (P<0.01) affect by breed group. The interaction of treatment X period and treatment X breed X period influenced significantly (P<0.05) to water intake. Carcass traits did not differ significantly either due to treatment or treatment X breed interaction. The Lower feed cost, feed cost Rs. /kg gain and feed cost Rs. /kg dressed weight have been recorded in non conventional treatment group due to use of cheaper non conventional ingredients. Non significant dietary influence on DM, OM, CP, CF, EE and NFE digestibility but nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus balanced positively as g/d and percent of intake.
Selection of alum and polyaluminum coagulants: principles and applications

This paper presents guidelines for the selection and use of polyaluminum chloride (PACl) coagulants and alum in terms of raw water quality and treatment method. The concentration of natural organic matter (NOM) was found to be the most important parameter affecting coagulant dose. The nature of the NOM, as measured by the specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA), was useful for predicting the degree of NOM removal expected. Raw water turbidity and NOM did not influence the type of coagulant that was most effective. Raw water alkalinity, as it relates to the pH of coagulation, was found to be very important for choosing one coagulant type over another. PACl basicity should be matched to raw water alkalinity, so that coagulation pH is as close as possible to the pH of minimum solubility of the coagulant. The solids separation process used for treatment was also found to be important for coagulant selection. Raw waters coagulated with PACls containing sulfate were found to have the best settling characteristics, but showed the highest headloss rates in direct filtration applications. Dissolved air flotation (DAF) performance was relatively insensitive to coagulant type.
Evaluation of anti-helmintic and wound healing potential of Saraca asoca (Roxb) bark

Abstract Introduction : The present work was done in search of traditional cure for live stock diseases and injuries occur to the body. The present study was aimed to evaluate wound healing potential of Saraca asoca bark in the form of simple ointment using two types of wound models in rats as incision wound and excision wound models and also evaluated for anti-helmintic activity. Materials and Methods : The methanolic extract of Saraca asoca Roxb. was evaluated for its anti-helimintic and wound healing activity at doses of 50 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml for anti-helmintic activity and 1% w/w, 4% w/w ointments in the case of wound healing activity. Albendazole 10 mg/ml is used as standard for antihelmintic activity and nitrofurazone 0.2% w/w ointment served as standard in the wound healing model. The parameters studied are time taken for paralysis and death of worms for anti-helmintic activity, tensile strength in incision wound model, percentage wound closure and period of epithelialisation in excision wound model. Results : Highest dose of this extract was found to possess good anti-helmintic activity along with significant wound healing activity. This was evident by decrease in time taken for paralysis and death; significant increase in tensile strength and decrease in period of epithelialization; increase in wound contraction when compared to control. Discussion : The progressive results are may be due to depletion of glycogen or β-tubulin inhibition in helmentic worms and increase in the viability and strength of collagen fibers in rats by the presence of tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids.
Synthesis and X-Ray Characterization of Silicon Clathrates

Abstract We report on the synthesis and characterization of two silicon clathrates, Na 8 Si 46 and Na x Si 136 ( x =4–23), by powder X-ray diffraction, combined with Rietveld profile analysis. In Na 8 Si 46 , no deviation from the ideal stoichiometry is observed. In Na x Si 136 , systematic changes in X-ray diffraction intensities enable the Na content and site occupancy to be characterized. In the same structure, we observe a ∼0.5% increase in the unit cell edge upon progressing from Na 4 Si 136 to Na 23 Si 136 . A statistical mechanical model, combined with experimental data for this phase reveals a preference for the removal of sodium from the smaller of the two available cages by 0.190±0.050eV.
Volumetric erosion rate reduction of Hall thruster channel wall during ion sputtering process

The mechanisms of the volumetric erosion rate reduction of the channel wall were studied theoretically and numerically in order to explain the reasons why the volumetric erosion rate of Hall thruster channel decreases over time. The results of the theoretical analysis indicate that the variation of three sputtering conditions results from the increase in the tilt angle and the erosion depth of the channel wall erosion surface during the surface evolution process. The mass loss of the Hall thruster channel wall material is a reduction process due to which the ion flux divergent angle is smaller than the value that corresponds to the sufficient condition of the reduction process. The simulation results of the channel wall erosion process qualitatively agree well with the experimental results, and the numerical analysis of the reduction process shows that the magnitude orders of three sputtering condition variation effects on the volumetric erosion rate reduction are the same, and the reduction rate reaches its maximum value in the initial operation period when the ion radiation angle equals the optimum sputtering rate angle. This work provides theoretical fundamentals of the channel wall erosion reduction process and it can be used for the lifetime prediction and optimum design of the Hall thruster.
Clinical evaluation of dental and periodontal status in a group of oncological patients before chemotherapy

Objective: To evaluate the dental status of 88 cancer patients before chemotherapy. Material and methods: Eighty-eight patients with cancer in different body locations were studied and compared with a control group. Dental plaque was assessed by means of the Silness and Loe index, dental status with the DMFT index, and periodontal status with the modified CPI index. Results: In the oncological patients the mean Silness and Loe index was 1.28±0.11. Patients showed multiple missing teeth (mean number 7.55±0.80); the mean number of decayed teeth was 2.10±0.36; and the mean number of filled teeth was 2.27±0.37. As to periodontal status, the mean modified CPI index was 1.45±0.11. In the control group, the mean Silness and Loe index was 0.94±0.00. The mean number of decayed teeth was 1.21±0.25; the Indexed in:
Substrate Removal Kinetics of Hydrogen Production in an Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Filter

In the present investigation, an attempt was made to produce eco-friendly hydrogen using sewage sludge microflora cultivated anaerobically in the anaerobic sludge blanket filter (ASBF) by varying hydraulic retention time from 30 to 6 h with the approximate initial substrate concentration of 11738 mg COD L[#x02212]1 of synthetic wastewater. Results suggested that the maximum hydrogen production of 75[#x00025] could be achieved with 11738 mg COD L[#x02212]1 at 24 h HRT. The Monod, Contois, modified Stover-Kincannon, Grau second-order multicomponent, and the first-order kinetic models were applied to determine the substrate removal kinetics of ASBF.
Resistive Switching Characteristics of Solution-Processed Transparent TiO x for Nonvolatile Memory Application

We propose a solution-processed transparent TiO x -based resistive switching random access memory (ReRAM) device. Electronically active TiO x was prepared by sol-gel spin coating of a titanium(IV) isopropoxide precursor on an indium tin oxide-coated glass. The prepared TiO x film is completely transparent in the visible range and has an amorphous structure. The fabricated TiO x -based ReRAM device exhibits distinct resistive switching under consecutive dc voltage sweeps of ±2 V. The device also exhibits good memory performance, including fast switching speed with a pulse width of 1 μs, stable pulse endurance over 1000 cycles, and excellent retention characteristics at up to 125 °C. In addition, based on the log I - log V plot and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, we postulate that the fabricated device is operated by the reversible formation/rupture of the conducting filament in the oxygen-deficient TiO x layer.
Computer simulation studies of anomalous diffusion in gels: Structural properties and probe‐size dependence

We have carried out simulations of particle diffusion through polyacrylamide gel networks. The model structures were built on a diamond lattice, in a simulation box with periodic boundary conditions. The method of structure generation consists of a random distribution of knots on the lattice and interconnection between randomly chosen pairs of knots. The structures generated by this procedure approximate the topology of real polymer gels. Parameters that control the distance between knots and the degree of stretching of the chain permit us to simulate a polyacrylamide system in which the concentration of species as well as the degree of crosslinking can be compared to realistic gels as prepared by the available experimental procedures. These structures were geometrically characterized by the analysis of the pore size distribution and excluded volume. The structures thus generated are used as model networks for Monte Carlo studies of the diffusion of hard spheres in the restricted geometry. Modeling the de.
Phase Transformation and Optoelectronic Properties of p-Type CuAlO2 Thin Films

Annealed Cu-Al-O films showed marked structural changes and differing optoelectronic properties with varying annealing temperature. Results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) demonstrated that CuO and CuAl 2 O 4 were the intermediate reaction phases. XRD also showed that the phase grown above 800°C annealing temperature was pure CuAlO 2 phase. Cross-sectional high-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed that the crystallization behavior of the Cu-Al-O films belonged to an outward model. The optimum properties of delafossite structure CuAlO 2 film was attained after annealing at 800°C. The surface morphology of CuAlO 2 had a cell-like surface appearance and the grain sizes were approximately 20-100 nm. The optical direct bandgap of the CuAlO 2 film was estimated to be 3.11 eV. Hall effect measurements revealed that the CuAlO 2 film belonged to the p-type conduction category, with a carrier concentration of 4.81 X 10 16 cm -3 and the conductivity of 3.8 × 10 -2 (Ω cm) -1 . The optoelectronic properties of the Cu-Al-O system are dominated by the delafossite CuAlO 2 .
Poly(fluorene-co-benzothiadiazole)s: Effect of structure, molecular weight and polydispersity on their performance in polymer light-emitting diodes

Copolymers based on fluorene and benzothiadiazole exhibit high brightness and quantum efficiencies when incorporated into polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs). Their emission wavelength is strongly dependent on the benzothiadiazole-containing segment of the polymer. However, the chain structure and charge-transport and -transfer processes in these materials are not well studied. We report the synthesis of a structural-random (r-PF3B) and a structural-defined (s-PF3B) copolymer, poly-fluorene-co-benzothiadiazole whereas the ratio of the two co- monomers was chosen to be 75% and 25%, respectively. We have systematically investigated the effect of structure on their photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) properties. Furthermore we have also studied the effect of molecular weight and its distribution on the performance of the material in PL and EL. We have found that the absorption and emission spectra (PL and EL) of these polymers are quite independent of their structures, molecular weights, and polydispersity. However, the PL and EL efficiencies do vary with the materials studied. These materials were fabricated into a series of double-layer devices. Their external quantum efficiencies (ranging from 0.097% to 1.7%) and maximum brightness (ranging from 153 to 23300 cd/m2) are highly dependent on the structure as well as the molecular weight and polydispersity. The higher the molecular weight and the narrower the distribution are, the higher the efficiency and brightness of the devices. Likewise, the structure of the polymer also influences the efficiency. It was found that the structural-random copolymer (r-PF3B) exhibits higher efficiencies and brightness when compared with the structural-defined one (s-PF3B) in the same molecular weight range.
IN SUPPORT OF NATURAL HISTORY DIGITIZATION: ASSISTIVE TOOLS FOR THE MOBILIZATION OF BIODIVERSITY DATA By

Much of the primary biodiversity data supporting biology and environmental science are preserved in natural history collections (NHCs). Recently, these collections began to make those data digitally available through online portals thereby improving their accessibility and usability. The processes involved in creating digital representations of these physical objects are, as of now mostly manual and labor intensive. The goal of this work is to assist NHCs in making these data available. Pursuant to this goal, three assistive tools were produced based on experiences digitizing herbaria (i.e., NHCs focusing on the kingdom Plantae). The tools produced through this effort are: (1) a labor estimation model, (2) a program to assist in the capture and refinement of herbarium specimen images, and (3) a pair of programs which when used while collecting new specimens circumvents the most labor intensive step in the process of digitization.