Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RCD1 Coordinates Chloroplastic and Mitochondrial Electron Transfer through Interaction with ANAC Transcription Factors in Arabidopsis

Signaling from chloroplasts and mitochondria, both dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS), merge at the nuclear protein RADICAL-INDUCED CELL DEATH1 (RCD1). ROS produced in the chloroplasts affect the abundance, thiol redox state and oligomerization of RCD1. RCD1 directly interacts in vivo with ANAC013 and ANAC017 transcription factors, which are the mediators of the ROS-related mitochondrial complex III retrograde signa and suppresses activity of ANAC013 and ANAC017. Inactivation of RCD1 leads to increased expression of ANAC013 and ANAC017-regulated genes belonging to the mitochondrial dysfunction stimulon (MDS), including genes for mitochondrial alternative oxidases (AOXs). Accumulating AOXs and other MDS gene products alter electron transfer pathways in the chloroplasts, leading to diminished production of chloroplastic ROS and increased protection of photosynthetic apparatus from ROS damage. RCD1-dependent regulation affects chloroplastic and mitochondrial retrograde signaling including chloroplast signaling by 3’-phosphoadenosine 5’-phosphate (PAP). Sensitivity of RCD1 to organellar ROS provides feedback control of nuclear gene expression.
Asses microvascular densities in breast ductal cell carcinoma (using CD 31 & VWF immunostain), in correlation to ER status

For three years duration( Jan 2009 â€“ Des 2011) , 50 cases of ER positive cases and 50 cases of ER negative cases were collected among mastectomy samples from patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast which were received by the department of histopathology in AL -Hilla teaching hospital. microvessel density (MVD) estimation for all cases using CD â€“ 31 & VWF immunostain, and the quantitative analyses of the microvessels in the 10 high power fields revealed the median for vessels count identified by anti-CD31 in ER-positive & ER- negative groups were( 18, 30) respectively, while median MVD as it expressed by anti-VWF in ER-positive & ER-negative groups were (19, 33) respectively. There were greater concentrations of microvessels stained brown by both antibodies (CD31 & VWF) in estrogen receptors- negative group compared to the estrogen receptors â€“ positive group. This difference was statistically significant (p< 0.001) . The highest values of MVD were obtained using anti-VWF other than anti-CD31 & the median MVD was significantly different between those two antibodies (p <0.005). So the conclusion is that, high vessels count represent increased tumor angiogenesis and correlated with estrogen status, and tumor grade. Microvessels quantitation may be an additional prognostic factor especially when it combined with more established parameters like estrogen receptor status.
Effect of synbiotic on growth and antioxidant status of blood in broiler chicken

In the present study, the impact of synbiotic, compared to control treatment (CON), on growth performance and antioxidative status of broilers blood was investigated. The experiment was carried out on a total of 500 one-day-old broiler chickens of both sexes. The broilers were divided into two treatments with five replicates, based on a completely randomized design. The control treatment was fed basal diet, while experimental treatment was supplemented with synbiotic in addition of 1 g/kg of feed (SYN) in finisher period that lasted from 15 to 42 days of age. Diet supplementations with synbiotic led to increased body weight of broilers, compared to the control treatment. During the last 28 days, feed conversion ratio was significantly (P<0.05) improved in the synbiotic treatment (2.12), compared to the control treatment (2.21). The serum glutathione peroxidase, peroxidase, glutathione reductase and catalase activities were significantly higher (P<0.05), except of superoxide dismutase, in the supplemented treatment compared to the control treatment. Furthemore, there were noticed significant decreases (P<0.05) in malondialdehyde and glutathione content in the supplementary treatment. Based on the previously mentioned, it can be concluded that synbiotic can be applied as a growth promoter and as a natural antioxidant feed additive in broilers diet.
Phospholipid composition and genesis of myeloid bodies of the retinal pigment epithelium.

Myeloid bodies (MBs) are organelles which are continuous with the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) membranes within the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of a number of lower vertebrates. Also, MB numbers in the RPE of the newt have been temporally correlated with phagocytosis of outer segment (OS) disc membranes in previous studies. To test the hypothesis that MBs are directly involved in OS lipid metabolism, I compared the phospholipid composition of a MB-enriched subcellular fraction of chick retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with that of chick rod outer segments (ROS). The major phospholipids found in MBs were phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine which represented 43% and 34% of the total MB lipids respectively. Sphingomyelin and phosphatidylinositol comprised the remaining detectable phospholipids in MBs. The fatty acyl chain composition of all detected phospholipids showed that the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, 20:4 n-6, 22:5 n-3 and 22:6 n-3, accounted for more than 45% of the fatty acids in MB membranes. The ROS contained, in addition to the phospholipids found in MBs, phosphatidylserine and lyso-phosphatidyl-choline. Further, the distribution of the fatty acids in ROS phospholipids differed substantially from the ones in MBs, especially for 22:6 n-3 and 22:5 n-3. The results from this study demonstrated that chick MBs had a different phospholipid and fatty acid composition than chick ROS. However, they both represent a significantly enriched pool of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Activity of an endangered bat increases immediately following prescribed fire

Spatiotemporal responses of bats to fire are not well understood. Fire can indirectly influence bat activity through changes to understory vegetation, insect prey availability, and roost tree abundance. High-flying bats may be less influenced by fire-induced changes to the understory because they forage above the forest canopy. Fire-dependent forests are prevalent across the range of the endemic Florida bonneted bat (Eumops floridanus), a large, high-flying, and critically endangered species, yet effects of fire management on this species are completely unknown. To investigate short-term responses of these bats to fire, we conducted pre-post-treatment-control experiments in 4 prescribed burns during 2 seasons (dry, wet). For 12 nights preburn and 24 nights post-burn, we surveyed bat activity acoustically at 3 sites within each burn (treatment) and 3 adjacent sites (control). Using mixed-effects models to test the effect of treatment on bat activity, we found that bat activity significantly increased post-burn in treatment sites relative to control sites, with more pronounced effects during dry season burns. We also detected significantly more feeding buzzes (foraging activity) in treatment sites than control sites, and a negative trend over time in the burn effect size post-burn. We suggest that bats are attracted to increased availability of insect prey immediately following burns, particularly during the dry season when prey may be limited. Our results suggest that burns have short-term positive effects on Florida bonneted bats and that restoring fire to fire-dependent forests may improve foraging habitat for this species. 2018 The Wildlife Society.
ALTERAÇÕES FOTOSSINTÉTICAS EM PLANTAS DE Coffea arabica L. SUBMETIDAS À VARIAÇÃO DA DISPONIBILIDADE DE LUZ E DE ÁGUA

The water deficit in plant species depends on its intensity, duration and plant genetic capacity to respond to environmental changes. Particularly in the tropics, the water deficit is usually accompanied by high irradiance and temperature, so drought should be considered as a multidimensional stress, can trigger increases in the production of reactive oxygen species, which can result in oxidative damage especially in chloroplasts, leading to photoinhibition of photosynthesis. In this study, plants of Coffea arabica L. cv Catuaí Vermelho IAC 44 ', propagated by seed were grown under contrasting light conditions (19.02 ± 1.58 mol m-2 day-1 for plants grown in full sun and 2.91 ± 0.25 mol m -2 day-1 for plants grown under low light) combined with two levels of available soil water (30 and 100% of available water). We measured the rate of net assimilation of carbon (A), stomatal conductance (gs), substomatal CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (E), electron transport rate (TTE), maximal efficiency of photosystem II (Fv / Fm) and antioxidant enzymes of plants grown in full sun, and plants in the shade, under different regimes of water availability. Full sunlight, regardless of water availability, a higher oxidative stress judging by the highest ΦNPQ and high activity of antioxidant enzymes, however, there were no photoinhibitory damage (Fv / Fm = 0.78). The drought caused a decrease in the values of A, the decrease in full sun occurred along with reduction in gs and Ci, indicating that photosynthesis was essentially limited by stomatal closure and shade, a decrease of A occurred along with reduction in gs, no change of Fv / Fm and TTE, but associated with significant increase in Ci, indicating that photosynthesis was limited by non-stomatal factors. VII Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil 22 a 25 de Agosto de 2011, Araxá MG
Impact of division rate and cell size on gene expression noise

Cells physiology adapts globally to changes in growth conditions. This includes changes in cell division rate, cell size, and gene expression. These global physiological changes are expected to affect noise in gene expression in addition to average molecule concentrations. Gene expression is inherently stochastic, and the amount of noise in protein levels depends on both gene expression rates and the cell division cycle. Here, we model stochastic gene expression inside growing and dividing cells to study the effect of cell division rate on noise in gene expression. We use a modelling framework and parameters relevant to E. coli, for which abundant quantitative data is available. We find that coupling of transcription rate (but not translation rate) with the division rate results in homeostasis of both protein concentration and noise across conditions. Interestingly, we find that the increased cell size at fast division rates, observed in E. coli and other unicellular organisms, prevents noise increase even for proteins with decreased average expression at faster growth. We then investigate the functional importance of these regulations by considering gene regulatory networks that exhibit bistability and oscillations. We find that the topology of the gene regulatory network can affect its robustness with respect to changes in division rate in complex and unexpected ways. In particular, a simple model of persistence based on global physiological feedback predicts an increase in the persistence population at low division rates. Our study reveals a potential role for cell size regulation in the global control of gene expression noise. It also highlights that understanding of circuits’ robustness across growth conditions is key for the effective design of synthetic biological systems.
Prospects of Metagenomic Cellulases for Converting Lignocellulosic Biomass into Bio-ethanol

The cellulose is enormous source of organic carbon on the earth. It has varied industrial applications; the most important of these in 21st century is bio-ethanol production. The cellulose degradation requires extremes of pH and temperature, and thereby it is expensive and hazardous to the environment. This signifies usage of enzymes for cellulose hydrolysis for its conversion to ethanol. A large number of cellulases have been identified from bacteria and fungi, but there is need of more efficient cellulases. It is observed that majority of microbes defy cultivation under laboratory conditions so the metagenomics offer new avenues in search of novel cellulases, capable of efficient bioconversion of cellulosic materials. Metagenomics is complementary method to traditional culture-based method, as it allows exhaustive mining of microbial genomes from their habitats. This review covers the current status of cellulase gene retrieved from metagenomes of various environments.
Effects of Nutrient Density and exogenous enzymesin Starter Diet on Performance, Intestinal Microflora, Gut Morphology and Immune Response of Broiler Chickens

01/March/2017 Approved: 28/May/2017 ABSTRACT A total of 810 one-day-old, straight-run broilers were used to evaluate the effects of dietary nutrient density and feed additives included in the starter diet on their performance, intestinal microbiota, gut morphology, and immune response. A 3×3 factorial arrangement with three nutrient densities (100, 103.75 and 107.5%, as recommended) and three feed additives (no additives, 0.5 g/kg diet Maxi-Gen, and Maxi-Gen + Superzyme + Bio-Phytase at the rate of 0.5, 0.25 and 0.1 g/kg diet, respectively), fed from 1 to 10 d of age. Similar commercial corn-soy grower and finisher diets fed to all birds from 10-24 and 24-42 d of age, respectively. There was higher ( p< 0.05) body weight gain and lower ( p< 0.05) feed conversion ratio in chicks fed starter diet with 107.5% nutrient density and Maxi-Gen with or without exogenous enzymes compared with those fed control diet at 10 and 42 d of age. Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria counts in the cecal content were increased linearly as dietary nutrient density increased in 10-d-old birds ( p< 0.05). Higher duodenal and jejunal villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio ( p< 0.05) were measured in the birds fed the starter diets with 103.75% and 107.5% nutrient density at 5 and 10
Habitat effects on home range and schooling behaviour in a herbivorous fish (Kyphosus bigibbus) revealed by acoustic tracking

Large mobile herbivorous fish that specialise in browsing large brown algae are particularly important on coral reefs because their activities mediate algal–coral competition. Despite this important ecological role, we have a poor understanding of the movement patterns of such large herbivorous fish, including Kyphosus bigibbus. Nineteen K. bigibbus captured near adjacent but distinct patch reefs were tagged with internal acoustic tags and their movements monitored for up to 20 months by an array of 60 acoustic receivers. Home-range estimates showed that movements of individuals from each patch reef encompassed different spatial extents and resulted in differences in habitat used by the two groups of fish. The average 50 and 95% kernel utilisation distribution for long-term resident fish was 0.27±0.03 and 1.61±0.30km2 respectively, ranges that represent the largest values for a herbivorous coral reef fish recorded to date. There was a significantly higher degree of fidelity among fish from the same school, and to particular patch reefs, despite the proximity of the reefs and substantial overlap between schools of conspecifics. A coefficient of sociality was used on pairs of fish and showed that there was no evidence that individuals were consistently detected together when they were detected by receivers away from their home reef. The variability of movement patterns among individuals of K. bigibbus results in an increased niche footprint for this important browser, potentially increasing reef resilience.
Evolutionary Genetics of Rainbow Trout, Parasalmo gairdnerii (Richardson)

Author(s): Berg, William J. | Abstract: Starch-gel electrophoresis was used to obtain allozyme data from 114 populations of rainbow-series trout. Seventy-three alleles were segregating at 24 genetic loci. An additional seven loci were monomorphic in all populations. Eight genetically discrete intraspecific population-groups were identified and formal nomenclatural recognition of their subspecific status was suggested. The widespread coastal rainbow trout subspecies, Parasalmo gairdnerii gairdnerii was found to have higher levels of genetic variability than seen in most salmonid species. A substantial proportion, 86.8%, of the total heterozygosity was ascribed to within population variation. Between population genetic identity estimates were high and only weakly correlated with geographic proximity. Historical rates of gene flow among coastal rainbow trout populations was estimated to be high, at least 1.7 migrants per population per generation. Seven populations were distinguished by unique alleles, analysis of which indicate that these populations may have recently been isolated from other coastal rainbow trout populations.A few headwater streams in Baja California del Norte' comprise the very restricted range of the San Pedro Martir trout. Closely related to but distinct from coastal rainbow trout, P. g. nelsoni are easily separated from all other Parasalmo taxa on the basis of a unique creatine kinase allele. In Northern California and Nevada, throughout the Pacific Northwest east of the Cascade Mountains are found redband trout, previously considered a single taxon defined by symplesiomorphic characters. Genetic data delineated three groups: inland redband trout, P. g. gibbsii; McCloud River redband trout, P.g. newberrii; and Goose Lake redband trout, P.G. ssp. Each redband trout was distinguished quantitatively by between taxa genetic distance estimates and qualitatively on the basis of characteristic alleles. Endemic to the Kern River basin are three rainbow-series trout taxa each diagnosed by characteristic alleles: Volcano Creek golden trout, P. g. aquabonita; Little Kern River golden trout, P. g. whitei; and Kern River rainbow trout, P. g. qilberti. Both golden trout taxa exhibited relative genetic paucity. Genetic evidence suggests a testable hypothesis of a hybrid origin for Kern River rainbow trout.
Recombinaison homologue et ciblage de gène Homologous recombination and gene targeting

Gene therapy and the production of mutated cell lines or model animals both require the development of efficient, controlled gene-targeting strategies. Classical approaches are based on the ability of cells to use homologous recombination to integrate exogenous DNA into their own genome. The low frequency of homologous recombination in mammalian cells leads to inefficient targeting. Here, we review the limiting steps of classical approaches and the new strategies developed to improve the efficiency of homologous recombination in gene-targeting experiments. To cite this article: E. Biet et al., C. R. Biologies 326 (2003).
Chopped palm leaves as an acceptable bedding material for broiler production

Abstract An experiment was conducted to examine the suitability of chopped palm leaves to utilize as a bedding material, compared to wood shavings or wheat straw, on growth performance, immune response, and air quality for broiler production. Three bedding materials were used: wood shavings, chopped palm leaves, and wheat straw. A total of 3,240 one‐day‐old broiler chicks (Ross 308) was randomly distributed into 3 litter groups (1,080 birds each). Each group had 6 replicate pens (180 birds/pen). All birds were kept under similar environmental conditions, except for bedding material. The obtained results revealed that the growth performance and total mortality rate were not significantly affected by bedding material type. However, using chopped palm leaves as bedding material significantly reduced (P < 0.05) ammonia emission compared to wood shavings and wheat straw (4.1, 7.3 and 8.4 ppm, respectively). A similar trend was observed for settled dust concentration (4.0, 10.3, and 5.9 g/m2, respectively). Moreover, an improvement in cell‐mediated immunity was observed in boilers kept on chopped palm leaves. Carcass characteristics were not significantly affected by bedding material. It was concluded that chopped palm leaves are a good alternative bedding material to wood shavings and wheat straw in commercial broiler production.
Can Biomarkers be Useful for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Patients with Different Phenotypes of Obesity

Obesity remains a leading cause of cardiovascular (CV) events and diabetes worldwide. Although there are at least two main body-size phenotypes (metabolically healthy and metabolically non-healthy) of individuals with established obesity, the cardio metabolic risk amongst these patients’ populations extremely distinguishes. The editorial is discussed the controversies regarding obese paradox and the probabilities to stratify the patients with established obesity in cardio metabolic risk. It is suggested that the biomarkers could predict CV events in patients depending on obese phenotypes. The role of metabolic biomarkers, progenitor cells, natriuretic peptides, inflammatory cytokines and galectin-3 are discussed.
The incidence of AmpC β-lactamases producing Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies pneumoniae

Background: AmpC βlactamases in the clinical isolates reduces the therapeutic value of βlactamβ-lactam inhibitor combinations. if not detected can be disseminated in the hospital environment and pose a serious therapeutic challenge. Hence present study is undertaken to detect the incidence of AmpC β -lactamases producing Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies pneumoniae out of total 300 Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies pneumoniae isolated from different clinical samples of the patient attending Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and its hospital in Dept of Microbiology. Methods: Isolates are screened for presumptive AmpC production by testing their susceptibility to Cefoxitin using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Phenotypic confirmatory tests for detection of AmpC βlactamases by Modified three dimentional test, Amp C disc test, Amp C disc test with Inhibitor (Boronic Acid) based disc potentiation test. Results: In our present study 75 (25%) Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were positive for AmpC β lactamases production either alone or in combinations with other βlactamases. 75 strains were positive for AmpC β-lactamase (25%). These 75 strains were further confirmed by E Test. Conclusions: Overproduction of AmpC βlactamases by mutation is responsible for resistance. if not detected can be pose a serious therapeutic challenge. So, its detection improves the therapeutic outcome in patient care.
Multivariate Analysis of Rwanda Economic Indicators using Vector Autoregressive (VAR) Model

Rwanda's economy has been growing fast due to important economic and structural reforms over the last decade. Consumer Price Index (CPI), Exchange Rate and Nominal Growth Domestic Product (NGDP) constitute some of the major economic indicators in emerging market economies that require monetary authorities to elaborate tools and policies to prevent high volatility in prices. Thus, understanding CPI, exchange rate and NGDP dynamics is a key to the design of fund programs to help stabilize the economy of a developing country such as Rwanda. In this study, secondary data from the National Bank of Rwanda, depicting quarterly time series of the 3 indicators from 1997 Q 1 to 2014 Q 4 has been used. Appropriate Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model with maximum 3 lagged values for the underlying variables was selected, based on the smallest value of Bayesian Schwartz information criterion and diagnostic tests for disturbances performed. The Granger causality and Impulse response function analysis confirms that in the fitted VAR model, CPI, exchange rate and NGDP are endogeneous variables, each one related to its lagged values and/or of the lag values of other variables. In addition, the results suggest that the CPI is not directly related to the exchange but to the NGDP. Keywords: VAR model, Exchange rate; Nominal Growth Domestic Product; Consumer Price Index