Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Energetics of Raising Varying Duration Rice Varieties under Different Establishment Methods

Energy plays a vital role in national development. It provides major vital services that improve human conditions viz. fuel for cooking, light for living, motive power for transport and electricity for modern communication. Agriculture is an energy user and energy supplier in the form of bioenergy the agricultural sector requires energy as an essential input to production (Lal et al., 2013), enhancing food security, adding value (Karimi et al., 2008), and contributing to rural economic development (FAO, 2000). Demand of energy by the agricultural sector to meet the food demand in worldwide of more than 7 billion people results in detrimental effects on the environment and the health of the farmers. If the energy in agricultural sector is used judiciously, it will International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 9 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Preparation and Characterization of Antimony-Doped Tin Dioxide Electrodes. Part 1. Electrochemical Characterization

Antimony and antimony-platinum doped tin dioxide electrodes supported on titanium have been prepared by thermal decomposition. Ti/SnO2-Sb electrodes have a cracked-mud structure, typical of oxide electrodes prepared by thermal decomposition. The introduction of platinum in the oxide layer has a packing effect in the coating morphology. The electrochemical characterization of these electrodes has been performed in acid medium, and a relation between the roughness factor (measured from electrode capacitance) and electrochemical porosity (related to the voltammetric charge) has been established. The mechanism for the oxygen evolution reaction has been determined by Tafel measurements indicating that the electrodes prepared are nonactive electrodes. The electrocatalytic activity strongly depends on geometric factors, since the activity toward oxygen evolution increases with the electrochemical porosity. Anodic stability of Ti/SnO 2 electrodes has been checked with accelerated service life tests. The introduction of platinum in the oxide coating increases the service life by 2 orders of magnitude.
An Indoor Geolocation Algorithm based on CSI and Affine Propagation Clustering

An indoor geolocation algorithm based on WLAN CSI and affine propagation clustering is proposed in this paper. In this algorithm, the wireless network adaptor Intel 5300 and 802.11n CSI Tools is used to collect the CSI data, and the PCA algorithm is used to reduce the dimension of the CSI data from 30 to 3, based on which the CSI fingerprint database is established. And the affine propagation clustering algorithm is used to group the reference nodes into clusters and then the WKNN is adopted to realize precise indoor geolocation. Experiment results show that the algorithm in this paper has a better performance in the location accuracy, 74% of the testing results has the accuracy of 1m, and 95% of the testing results has the accuracy of 2m.
Bronchoscopic needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (nCLE) as a real-time detection tool for peripheral lung cancer

Introduction Diagnosing peripheral lung cancer with the bronchoscope is challenging with near miss of the target lesion as major obstacle. Needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (nCLE) enables real-time microscopic tumour visualisation at the needle tip (smart needle). Aim To investigate feasibility and safety of bronchoscopic nCLE imaging of suspected peripheral lung cancer and to assess whether nCLE imaging allows real-time discrimination between malignancy and airway/lung parenchyma. Methods Patients with suspected peripheral lung cancer based on (positron emission tomography-)CT scan underwent radial endobronchial ultrasound (rEBUS) and fluoroscopy-guided flexible bronchoscopy. After rEBUS lesion detection, an 18G needle loaded with the CLE probe was inserted in the selected airway under fluoroscopic guidance. The nCLE videos were obtained at the needle tip, followed by aspirates and biopsies. The nCLE videos were reviewed and compared with the cytopathology of the corresponding puncture and final diagnosis. Five blinded raters validated nCLE videos of lung tumours and airway/lung parenchyma twice. Results The nCLE imaging was performed in 26 patients. No adverse events occurred. In 24 patients (92%) good to high quality videos were obtained (final diagnosis; lung cancer n=23 and organising pneumonia n=1). The nCLE imaging detected malignancy in 22 out of 23 patients with lung cancer. Blinded raters differentiated nCLE videos of malignancy from airway/lung parenchyma (280 ratings) with a 95% accuracy. The inter-observer agreement was substantial (κ=0.78, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.86) and intra-observer reliability excellent (mean±SD κ=0.81±0.05). Conclusion Bronchoscopic nCLE imaging of peripheral lung lesions is feasible, safe and allows real-time lung cancer detection. Blinded raters accurately distinguished nCLE videos of lung cancer from airway/lung parenchyma, showing the potential of nCLE imaging as real-time guidance tool.
Effect of remineralisation on the mechanical properties and tribological behaviour of human tooth dentine

With ageing and pathological factors, dentine exposure becomes more and more commonplace in the clinic. The mechanical properties of dentine are far less than those of enamel. Once exposed, dentine exhibits a weak wear-resistance and then results in many oral diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to study effective measures to improve the wear-resistance of dentine. In this study, the effect of remineralisation on the mechanical properties and tribological behaviour of human dentine was studied in vitro using nano-indentation/scratch technique. Remineralisation treatment was conducted by immersing dentine specimens in casein phosphopeptides–amorphous calcium phosphate–asparagine-serine-serine solution for 7 days after 24 h pre-treatment in polydopamine solution. Results show that after the remineralisation treatment, dentine surface is covered with a layer of dense hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals with high crystallinity and preferential orientation, and dentinal tubules are occluded. Surface hardness and elastic modulus of dentine increase by 35 and 78%, respectively, and the wear volume decreases by 86%. The crystals that occlude the dentine tubules do not fall off on the worn surface. In sum, remineralisation enhances the mechanical properties and anti-wear performance of dentine surface by forming a hard covering consisting of dense HA crystals, which is a potential measure to prevent excessive tooth wear by dentine exposure.
A sequence-based visual place recognition method for aerial mobile robots

Recent developments in sequence-based visual place recognition (VPR) have shown robust localization capability on ground vehicles; however, deploying existing sequence-based VPR techniques on aerial mobile robots is still challenging, as topologically ordered database is not available for aerial agents. In this paper, we develop a new sequence-based VPR algorithm, which is applicable to aerial mobile robots. The proposed method models the agent’s position as a probability function conditioned on all the visual observations and accumulates the position belief as the observation increases, which helps to filter out the inconsistent false recognitions. To testify the effectiveness of the proposed method, we have conducted series of experiments under different visual environments. The experimental results show that, by using a remote sensing image as reference and onboard downward-looking camera images as observations, the proposed method can robustly estimate the position of the agent and have a localization rate 30% higher than the single-image-based VPR algorithm.
Experimental analysis of the influence of surface topography on the adhesion force as measured by an AFM

Force curves have been acquired using an atomic force microscope (AFM) on homogeneous microspheres of three different materials (latex, glass and yttria), in order to study the possible influence of the surface topography/geometry on the adhesion force as measured by an AFM. Forces were measured in regions at the top of the spheres ( ≈ 90°), at half-heights ( ≈ 0°) and in an intermediate region between these two ( ≈ 45°), where the angle is measured from the equatorial plane of the sphere to its polar axis. A very irregular and non-reproducible behaviour was found at ≈ 0°, so only the other two regions were quantitatively analysed. For all the three materials, a much smaller adhesion force was obtained in the region corresponding to ≈ 45° as compared to ≈ 90°. Moreover, a quite similar adhesion decrease ratio of about 1.60 ± 0.5 was obtained for all the three materials, which may suggest that the observed behavior might be due to geometrical factors. This observed influence could, in part, explain the observed heterogeneity in adhesion maps of microbial cells reported in the literature. The influence of the surface roughness is also discussed and it seems to result in a poor reproducibility of force curves.
Evaporation rates of liquid hydrocarbon spills on land and water

The mass and heat transfer processes occurring during the evaporation of liquid hydrocarbon spills on land and water are described and equations developed to enable the liquid temperature and evaporation rate to be predicted. Experiments on the evaporation of cumene, water and gasoline are described and the evaporation mass transfer coefficient correlated with the wind-speed, liquid pool size and the vapour phase Schmidt Number. Good agreement is obtained between experimental and computed cumene temperature and evaporation rates. Comparison of the correlation with flat plate mass transfer correlations shows satisfactory agreement and suggests that turbulent transfer occurs, the rate being enhanced by the liquid surface roughness. The more complex problem of estimating evaporation rates of hydrocarbon mixtures is discussed briefly. On decrit les processus de transfert de masse et de chaleur qui ont cours durant levaporation d'hydrocarbures liquides renverses sur le sol ou leau, ainsi que les equations mises au point pour pouvoir predire la temperature et le taux devaporation des liquides. On expose les experiences faites sur levaporation du cumene, de leau et de la gazoline et etablit une correlation entre le coefficient de transfert de masse par evaporation et la vitesse du vent, les dimensions de la mare liquide et le nombre de Schmidt en phase gazeuse. On a obtenu une bonne concordance entre les taux devaporation et la temperature (experimentale et calculee) du cumene. On a aussi obtenu une concordance satisfaisante en comparant la dite correlation avec celles du transfert de masse sur une plaque unie, et il ya lieu de penser qu'il se produit un transfert turbulent dont la vitesse augmente avec lasperite de la surface liquide. On discute brievement le probleme plus complexe de levaluation des taux devaporation de melanges d'hydrocarbures.
Effects of Nitroxides on Radical Polymerizations

The stabilized nitroxide known as 3‐carboxy‐PROXYL acts almost ideally as an inhibitor for radical polymerizations at 60°C when azobisisobutyronitrile is used as initiator, but not when benzoyl peroxide is used. During inhibition, there is production of a substance which has a profound effect in reducing the average molecular weight of poly(methyl methacrylate) formed in the subsequent polymerization; apparent reductions in the polydispersities of polymers seem to be due to losses of smaller polymer molecules during the recovery by precipitation in methanol.
Ac impedance measurements and V-I characteristics for Co-, Mn-, or Bi-doped ZnO

ZnO has been doped with various oxides, mainly bismuth, cobalt, and manganese oxides. The aim of the present approach is to look at the influence of each dopant on the electrical behavior of ZnO in a system which is more simple and chemically purer in comparison with commercial varistors. It appears that cobalt or manganese additions do not substantially modify the bulk conductivity of ZnO. Also these dopants by themselves do not lead to a varistor effect when the material is subjected to a potential sweep. On the other hand, bismuth‐based compositions behave like varistors. The best performances have been recorded for a simultaneous doping with manganese and bismuth.
Metabolism of carprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, in rats, dogs, and humans

The metabolic disposition of 14C-labeled carprofen [(±)-6-chloro-α-methylcarbazole-2-acetic acid] was investigated in rats, dogs, and humans. Carprofen is eliminated predominantly by biotransformation in these three species. In dogs and rats, the direct conjugation of carprofen to form an ester glucuronide and oxidation to the C-7 and the C-8 phenols followed by their conjugation represent the major metabolic pathways. Small amounts of the α-hydroxy derivative also are formed by these species and are excreted free in the urine. In dogs, biliary secretion predominates, and 70% of an intravenous dose of carprofen is excreted in the feces while 8–15% of the dose is excreted in the urine. In rats, fecal excretion due to biliary secretion varies from 60 to 75%, and urinary excretion accounts for 20–30% of an intravenous dose. In humans, direct conjugation of carprofen represents the only significant pathway of metabolism. Between 65 and 70% of the orally administered carprofen was found to be excreted as the ester glucuronide in the urine, and most of the remaining dose was estimated to be secreted as this metabolite in the bile. Due to enterohepatic circulation, only a fraction of the biliary metabolite was recovered in the feces in humans. Less than 5% of the dose was excreted in human urine as free, intact carprofen. In dogs and humans, plasma levels of carprofen and of total radioactivity exhibit a multiphasic decline. In the three human subjects studied, the terminal component declined with a 13–26-hr half-life; the terminal half-life was ∼40 hr in dogs.
Kinematic Comparisons of Increased Exercise Repetitions and Intensities on the Dominant and Non-Dominant Upper Limbs for Prevention of Dyskinesia

Background: Increased exercise repetitions and intensities need to be compared between dominant and non-dominant sides to prevent asymmetrically conducted movements for possible dyskinesia. Methods: A total of 20 participants were enrolled from Inha University, Incheon, Korea in 2019. They were assessed for comparisons of asymmetrical motion between the dominant and non-dominant arms during the abduction and adduction lateral raises during more than fifteen repetitions and low and high exercise intensity by giving different weight loads based on 1-RM. Results: Repetition led to significant reductions in range of motion for both dominant and non-dominant sides. In addition, increased repetitions led to significant greater reductions in range of motion especially toward the last phases of repetitions. Moreover, the dominant side showed significantly increased accelerations with increased intensities. Conclusion: Increased repetitions and exercise intensity led to reduced range of motion and increased accelerations especially for the dominant sides. Dispersing kinematics should be considered to minimize possible dyskinesia between the symmetric sides when performing repetitive and loading physical activity.
Elite directors, London finance, and British overseas expansion: Victorian railway networks, 1860–1900
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This article considers how international economic expansion impacts on the composition of elite groups on boards of companies. We examine, why, at the height of the British Empire, boards of national, imperial, and international railway companies, financed from London, were dominated by elites drawn differentially from the aristocracy, the military, finance, and politics. To investigate the reasons for these differences, we conduct a social network analysis of railway company boards in three countries during the second half of the nineteenth century. Results reveal that aristocratic directors were dominant in Britain, military directors in India, and financier directors in Argentina, suggesting that their influence drew on local knowledge, resource access, and network connections. They did not serve on boards for merely ornamental purposes.
FI-GAN: fewer iterations GAN for rapid synthesis controllable realistic images

: Conditional generative adversarial networks (GANs) have led to considerable improvements in the task of conditional image generation. However, there are still some problems, including the low definition of generated images, mode collapse, gradient disappearance and slow convergence, which need to be solved. In this study, the authors proposed a novel conditional GAN model, fewer iterations GAN (FI-GAN), that requires fewer iterations to generate controllable and realistic images. First, to improve the performance of feature extraction of the discriminator and data distribution fitting of the generator, two residual blocks are added into the discriminator and generator. Then, two new loss functions, including quality and category loss functions for both the discriminator and generator, are designed to enhance the details and distinguishability of the generated images. Finally, to avoid mode collapse and improve the convergence, the Wasserstein distance is used as the quality loss function. With the CIFAR-10 and large scene understanding datasets, FI-GAN can generate delicate and diverse colour samples with fewer iterations. It achieved better performance evaluated by three objective criteria, the inception score, Fréchet inception distance and kernel maximum mean discrepancy, compared with four methods of conditional GAN.
Research on Attack and Defense Game Model for Improving the Efficiency of Network Intrusion Detection System

The widespread use of wireless networks has expanded people’s ability to obtain information, but its inherent network characteristics make it more vulnerable to cyber-attacks. Existing intrusion detection systems usually only target specific attack methods, but are incapable of other attacks. Based on this research background, taking game theory as the theoretical basis, it analyses the offensive and defensive process in wireless sensor networks, and demonstrates the necessity of implementing an intrusion detection system by analysing model equilibrium solutions. In view of the diversity of attack methods of network intruders, the game model is further improved, and a non-cooperative complete information static game model is established. By analysing the mixed Nash equilibrium solution of the model, the best defines strategy of the intrusion detection system is obtained and the system is balanced. Energy consumption and detection efficiency. Simulation experiment results show that the wireless sensor network intrusion detection system based on offensive and defensive game can not only effectively resist multiple network attacks, but also reduce the energy consumption caused by the intrusion detection system and prolong the service life of the network.
Pronoun Processing and Interpretation by L2 Learners of Italian: Perspectives from Cognitive Modelling

How do second language learners acquire form-meaning associations in the second language that are inconsistent with their first language? In this study, we focus on subject pronouns in Italian and Dutch. A native speaker of the non-null subject language Dutch learning the null subject language Italian as a second language will not only have to learn to use and comprehend null pronouns, but will also have to learn to use and comprehend overt pronouns differently in the L2 than in the L1. The interpretation of Italian overt pronouns, but not of Dutch overt pronouns or Italian null pronouns, has been argued to require perspective taking, specifically the use of hypotheses about the conversational partner’s communicative choices to guide one’s own choices. Therefore, a related question is how perspective taking and cognitive constraints influence L2 acquisition of such forms. Using computational cognitive modelling, this study explores two learning scenarios. In cognitive model 1, second language acquisition proceeds in the same way as first language acquisition and is based on the same grammar. In cognitive model 2, second language acquisition differs from first language acquisition and involves the construction of a partly different grammar. Our results suggest that the second scenario may be cognitively more plausible than the first one. Furthermore, our models explain why second language learners of Italian perform less native-like on overt pronouns than on null pronouns.
Dissolution of uranium oxides and electrochemical behavior of U(VI) in task specific ionic liquid

A task-specific ionic liquid, protonated 1-carboxy-N,N,N-trimethylmethanaminium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide trivially known as protonated betaine bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)-imide ([Hbet][NTf2]) was prepared and the dissolution of uranium oxides, UO3, UO2 and U3O8 in it was studied. Dissolution of UO3 in [Hbet][NTf2] was very rapid and the saturation solubility of uranium was found to be 15 wt. % at 373 K. In contrast, dissolution of UO2 was sluggish and it was facilitated only by the oxidation of UO2 to UO22+. U3O8 was insoluble up to 453 K. A new procedure was developed for the individual separation of uranium oxides using [Hbet][NTf2] based on differences in solubilities. The electrochemical behavior of U(VI) in the resultant solution was investigated by cyclic voltammetry at glassy carbon working electrode at 373 K. A surge in the cathodic peak current at -0.48 V (vs . Fc/Fc+) was due to the reduction of U(VI) to U(V) and the corresponding anodic peak current was observed at a potential of 0.64 V. Increasing the potential sweeping rate increases the peak current and shifts the peak potential negatively indicating the irreversible electroreduction of U(VI) in [Hbet][NTf2]. The diffusion coefficient of U(VI) in [Hbet][NTf2] was determined to be of the order of ∼10−8 cm2/s.
The Impact of Innovation on the Performance of Manufacturing Enterprises in Vietnam

Article history: Received: 23 August, 2020 Accepted: 29 September, 2020 Online: 20 October, 2020 This paper examines the impact of innovation on the performance of manufacturing enterprises in Vietnam. Innovation is measured by product innovation (3 observed variables), technology innovation (8 observed variables), and organization innovation (6 observed variables) while firm performance is measured by revenue and profit. The OLS regression model was used with data collected from 806 enterprises in four industrial sectors. The results show that innovation has a positive effect on firm performance. From the results, some implications are proposed to improve the performance of manufacturing enterprises in Vietnam.
Spin-polarized transport properties of Fe atomic chain adsorbed on zigzag graphene nanoribbons

The spin-polarized transport properties of Fe atomic chain adsorbed on zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNRs) are investigated using the density-functional theory in combination with the nonequilibrium Green's function method. We find that the Fe chain has drastic effects on spin-polarized transport properties of ZGNRs compared with a single Fe atom adsorbed on the ZGNRs. When the Fe chain is adsorbed on the centre of the ZGNR, the original semiconductor transforms into metal, showing a very wide range of spin-polarized transport. Particularly, the spin polarization around the Fermi level is up to 100%. This is because the adsorbed Fe chain not only induces many localized states but also has effects on the edge states of ZGNR, which can effectively modulate the spin-polarized transports. The spin polarization of ZGNRs is sensitive to the adsorption site of the Fe chain. When the Fe chain is adsorbed on the edge of ZGNR, the spin degeneracy of conductance is completely broken. The spin polarization is found to be more pronounced because the edge state of one edge is destroyed by the additional Fe chain. These results have direct implications for the control of the spin-dependent conductance in ZGNRs with the adsorption of Fe chains.