Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Integrated Framework for Friend Recommender System Using Graph Theoretic Approach

Study of relationships established in social media is an emerging area of research. Online Social Network (OSN) is a collection of social entities carrying a lot of information that enriches the network. A structured modelling of the OSN dataset is required for informative knowledge mining and efficient Social Network Analysis (SNA). Graphical representation of data helps in analyzing the structural properties, study of dense substructure, cluster formation and identifying the numerous types of entities exhibiting associations based on different activity fields. This paper discusses about various ways of graph theoretic representations of OSN including structure-based and content or interaction-based approaches. An integrated framework is proposed in this paper that learns from various user attributes and its associated interactions, network structure, timeline history, etc. from a polarized OSN Graph for generating an efficient Friend Suggestion Recommender System.
MYELOID NEOPLASIA MDS-associated somatic mutations and clonal hematopoiesis are common in idiopathic cytopenias of undetermined signi ﬁ cance

We performed a prospective study to examine the frequency and types of mutations en-countered in 144 patients with unexplained cytopenias. Based on bone marrow findings, 17% were diagnosed with MDS, 15% with idiopathic cytopenias of undetermined significance (ICUS) and some evidence of dysplasia, and 69% with ICUS and no dysplasia. Bone marrow DNA was sequenced for mutations in 22 frequently mutated myeloid malignancy genes.Somaticmutationswereidentifiedin71%ofMDSpatients,62%ofpatientswithICUS and some dysplasia, and 20% of ICUS patients and no dysplasia. In total, 35% of ICUS patients carried a somatic mutation or chromosomal abnormality indicative of clonal hematopoiesis. We validated these results in a cohort of 91 lower-risk MDS and 249 ICUS cases identified over a 6-month interval. Mutations were found in 79% of those with MDS, in45% of those with ICUS withdysplasia, andin 17% of those with ICUS without dysplasia. Thespectrumofmutatedgeneswassimilarwiththeexceptionof SF3B1 whichwasrarely mutated in patients without dysplasia. Variant allele fractions were comparable between clonal ICUS (CCUS) and MDS as were mean age and blood counts. We demonstrate that CCUS is a more frequent diagnosis than MDS in cytopenic patients. Clinical and mutationalfeaturesaresimilarinthesegroupsandmayhavediagnosticutilityonceoutcomesinCCUSpatientsarebetterunderstood. ( 2015;126(21):2355-2361)
Effects of gravidity on habitat use and antipredator behaviour in three‐spined sticklebacks

Habitat use was examined in six Alaskan populations of three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus. In three lakes with predatory fishes, gravid female sticklebacks remained closer to refuge than did non-gravid females, while those in lakes devoid of piscivores did not display this shift in behaviour. Gravid females in a lake with predatory rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss used diVerent evasive manoeuvres than did non-gravid females during in situ encounters with a model rainbow trout. Gravid females were more likely to incorporate a protean element in their flight movements than were non-gravid females. Overall, these data suggest that gravid female three-spined sticklebacks modify habitat use and escape behaviour to reduce vulnerability to predators. 1998 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles
Avian wingtip shape reconsidered: wingtip shape indices and morphological adaptations to migration

In this paper we review the existing methods of quantifying avian wingtip shape, and compare their efficiency at detecting morphological adaptations to migration. We use multivariate methods to derive two novel measures of avian wingtip shape, pointedness C2 and convexity C3, based on measurements of primary feather lengths. Size-constrained components analysis, a modified form of principal components analysis, is used to ensure that the measures are independent of isometric size, and have a consistent interpretation in terms of the geometric shape of the wingtip. Our measures of pointedness and convexity can be calculated easily for both live birds and museum skins, and can be applied to any ecomorphological or functional analysis of avian wingtip shape. This approach circumvents many of the interpretational problems associated with previous wingtip shape indices that are often based on less accurate wing measurements. To test the suggested interpretations of previously published wingtip shape indices, we use a comparative interspecific analysis to determine the interrelations of our new shape measures with these published indices, and with aerodynamic parameters which have known functional significance. Published indices do not always measure the quantities that they are claimed to do, and are beset with awkward terminological inconsistencies. We assess the efficacy and utility of these wingtip shape measures with regard to predicted and well-known morphological adaptations in the wings for migration. Once phylogenetic bias and extraneous ecological factors are controlled, the majority of published wingtip shape indices are unable to detect morphological differences between migratory and nonmigratory species. Our measures of pointedness and convexity confirm that migrants have wingtips that are relatively more pointed and more convex; they also have wings of relatively larger aspect ratio. The biomechanical implications of these adaptations for different flight behaviours are discussed. An appendix discusses some of the statistical problems involved in the analysis of size and shape, and introduces the size-constrained components analysis (SCCA) method, which is applicable to any study of morphological variation.
MHC Class I Gene Expression Transcription Factor Complex To Induce NLRC5 Cooperates with the RFX

Tight regulation of MHC class I gene expression is critical for CD8 T cell activation and host adaptive-immune responses. The promoters of MHC class I genes contain a well-conserved core module, the W/S-X-Y motif, which assembles a nucleoprotein complex termed MHC enhanceosome. A member of the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) protein family, NLRC5, is a newly identiﬁed transcriptional regulator of MHC class I genes. NLRC5 associates with and transactivates the proximal promoters of MHC class I genes, although the molecular mechanism of transactivation has not been understood. In this article, we show that NLRC5-mediated MHC class I gene induction requires the W/S and X1, X2 cis -regulatory elements. The transcription factors RFX5, RFXAP, and RFXANK/B, which compose the RFX protein complex and associate with the X1 box, cooperate with NLRC5 for MHC class I expression. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed that NLRC5 speciﬁcally interacts with the RFX subunit RFXANK/B via its ankyrin repeats. In addition, we show that NLRC5 can cooperate with ATF1 and the transcriptional coactivators CBP/p300 and general control nonderepressible 5, which display histone acetyltransferase activity. Taken together, our data suggest that NLRC5 participates in an MHC class I-speciﬁc enhanceosome, which assembles on the conserved W/S-X-Y core module of the MHC class I proximal promoters, including the RFX factor components and CREB/ATF1 family transcription factors, to promote
Actas de las segundas

Any type of software, from desktop to mobile applications, is prone to contain defects that can lead to vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities, when exploited, may put in risk the integrity, confidentiality and availability of the software. Security auditing methodologies help to reduce at some level of confidence these risks. With the explosion of mobile applications for daily activities like checking email, news, social networks, or even managing bank accounts, guaranteeing an acceptable level of application security becomes critical for the usage and trust of mobile services. In this paper, we review and classify OWASP 2014 Top Ten mobile risks in analysis blocks. Based on the blocks classification, we propose a methodology to security audit mobile software applications. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology by auditing the same mobile application in Google’s Android and Apple’s iOS platforms surfacing multiple vulnerabilities.
Noncooperativity of biotin binding to tetrameric streptavidin.

Streptavidin tetramers have been separated according to their biotin content by anion exchange chromatography. Biotin-free and biotin-saturated streptavidin were coincubated. Streptavidin at intermediate ligation levels, i.e., with one, two, or three molecules of bound biotin, accumulates over time. A steady state distribution of ligation levels is reached after 2 days. When biotin was allowed to redistribute starting from homogeneous populations containing two molecules of biotin per tetramer, a similar steady state distribution of ligation levels was observed, thereby demonstrating an equilibrium distribution. Quantification of this equilibrium indicates that biotin binds to streptavidin with no cooperativity.
P ARAMETER ESTIMATION AND PREDICTION FROM TEXT FOR A SUPERPOSITIONAL INTONATION MODEL

: This work presents an approach for parameter estimation and prediction of the Fujisaki model for Argentine Spanish. Language hypotheses were proposed for estimation and tested by means of genetic algorithms. These hypotheses were validated by comparison of the estimation performance relative to the standard method. Prediction was then calculated based on input text information and performed by CARTs reached a performance comparable to approximations presented for Japanese and English. Objective measures showed that the predicted F0 contours are not close copies of the originals, nevertheless perceptual judgments revealed an impression of good quality for the intonation which makes the method a valuable tool for the development of TTS systems.
Heritability estimates for growth-related traits in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) using a molecular pedigree

Pacific oyster is one of the leading species in world aquaculture, but heritability estimation applying mixed-family approach has not been actively pursued. In this study, heritability for growth-related traits in the Pacific oyster was first estimated by creating a single cohort of 45 families in a full-factorial mating design consisting of nine sires and five dams. A total of 270 offspring were analysed and parentage assignment inferred by six microsatellite markers achieved 100% success. All parents contributed to the spawn and a total of 42 full-sib families were represented. Using an animal model, heritability estimates at 12 months of age were 0.49 ± 0.25 for shell height, 0.36 ± 0.19 for shell length, 0.45 ± 0.23 for shell width and 0.35 ± 0.17 for wet weight. Genetic correlation between shell height and wet weight was quite high (0.79 ± 0.25), suggesting that direct selection of shell height, which is an easily measurable trait, also improves wet weight. The results obtained in this study indicate that growth-related traits could be improved by exploiting additive genetic effects through selective breeding.
Generalized Fast On-the-fly Com WFST-Based Speech R

This paper describes a Generalized Fast On-the-fly Composition (GFOC) algorithm for Weighted Finite-State Transducers (WFSTs) in speech recognition. We already proposed the original version of GFOC, which yields fast and memory-efficient decoding using two WFSTs. GFOC enables fast on-the-fly composition of three or more WFSTs during decoding. In many cases, it is actually difficult or impossible to organize an entire transduction process of speech recognition using only one or two WFST(s) since some types of models considerably enlarge after written in WFST form. For example, a class n-gram model often results in a large WFST which is several times larger than a word n-gram model for the same vocabulary. GFOC makes it possible to use such a model after decomposing it into small multiple WFSTs. In a spontaneous speech transcription task, we evaluated the size of WFSTs, decoding speed, and word accuracy of several decoding approaches. The results show that GFOC with three or more WFSTs is an efficient algorithm when using a class-based language model.
Studies on the Varietal Difference in the Characters of High-yielding Rice : Varietal difference in bleeding rate

The varietal difference in bleeding rate was investigated using 10 Japanese varieties(J group)and 10 high-yielding varieties of rice bred in Asian countries(H group). The relationship between bleeding rate and yied characters was examined. Bleeding rate at the heading time(BR1)and maturing time(BR2)ranged from 2.20 to 3.92, and from 1.50 to 2.62(g h-1 hill-1), respectively. There were no significant differences in BR1 and BR2 between the two groups. The reduction rate of bleeding rate(RRB)during the ripening period shown by 1-BR2/BR1 was significantly higher in the H growp than in the J group. BR1 was not signifcantly correlated with the number of the phytomers(TPN), but showed a significant positive correlation with BR1/TPN. BR1 also showed a significant positive correltion with the shoot dry weight at the heading time. There was a significant positive correlation between RRB and the decline of leaf color(DLC)during the ripening period. Moreover, a significant negative correlation was found between RRB and the percentage of ripened grain. These results imply that the variety with a higher RRB and DLC has a lower ripening ability.
Marmara Üniversitesi

In this article, Artificial Neural Network’s and ARIMA Model’s success in GDP forecast and modelling is compared. Study is accomplished on the Turkish economy and the data used comprise the time period from the first quarter of 1987 to the third quarter of 2007. MAE, MSE, RMSE, and Theil-U criterias are used in the comparison of both models. The model that has these criterias low is superior to the other model. In this context, results obtained revealed that ARIMA model is superior to ANN model in GDP forecasting.
Sensitivity of rainbow trout leucocytes to aflatoxin B1

Abstract In vitro exposure of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) peripheral blood leucocytes to aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) leads to a dramatic suppression of immunological function as indicated by decreased lymphocyte proliferation and immunoglobulin production in response to the mitogen lipopolysaccharide. These leucocytes were up to 1000-fold more sensitive to this carcinogen than were murine leucocytes. Additionally, leucocytes procured from trout during July–December were significantly ( P =0·01) more sensitive to AFB 1 than those obtained during January–June. Immunosuppression was observed with AFB 1 concentrations that were not toxic as measured by cell viability. This decrease in AFB 1 sensitivity appears to occur subsequent to a generalised winter-associated period of decreased immune reactivity that has been observed in a number of ectothermic species and in this study.
Aislamiento e Identificación Bioquímica de Cepas de Pasteurella multocida y Gallibacterium anatis en Aves de Producción con Signos Respiratorios

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar las biovariedades de Pasteurella multocida y Gallibacterium anatis en aves de produccion con signos respiratorios. Estas bacterias fueron aisladas de muestras de secreciones y organos de pollos de carne, gallinas de postura y patos criollos afectados, provenientes de granjas avicolas de la costa y selva del Peru. De 25 aislamientos se identificaron 13 cepas de P. multocida y 12 de G. anatis, mediante caracteristicas de cultivo, morfologia y pruebas bioquimicas (oxidasa, catalasa, indol, ureasa). Las cepas fueron sometidas a la prueba de fermentacion en micropozos, consistente en una bateria de 10 carbohidratos y un aminoacido para su tipificacion. Los resultados indican que ocho cepas de P. multocida correspondieron a la biovariedad 1 y las restantes a las biovariedades 3, 4, 6, 10 y 11, en tanto que 11 cepas de G. anatis correspondieron a la biovariedad haemolytica y la otra a la biovariedad anatis
Genetic positioning of Korean viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) from cultured and wild marine fishes

Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) is an epidemic virus in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus farms in Korea, since the virus have first isolated in 2001. In the present study, partial glycoprotein (G) gene nucleotide sequences of seven Korean VHSV from cultured olive flounder and wild marine fishes in coastal areas of Korea were analyzed to evaluate their genetic relatedness to worldwide isolates. Phylogenetically, all Korean VHSV formed only one minor cluster including Japanese isolates, in genotype IVa, while the North America isolates formed a different minor cluster in genotype IVa. These results suggest that Korean VHSV could be an indigenous virus in Korean and Japanese coastal areas, but have not been introduced from North America.
Gremlin in the Vitreous of Patients with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy and the Downregulation of Gremlin in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common causes of blindness globally. Proliferative DR (PDR), an advanced stage of DR, is characterized by the formation of fibrotic membranes at the vitreoretinal interface. The proliferation, migration, and secretion of extracellular matrix molecules in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells contribute to the formation of fibrotic membranes in PDR. Gremlin has been reported to be upregulated in response to elevated glucose levels in the retina of diabetic rat and bovine pericytes. However, the role of gremlin in PDR remains unclear. In the present study, the vitreous concentrations of gremlin were significantly higher in the PDR (67.79 ± 33.96) group than in the control (45.31 ± 12.31) group, and high glucose levels induced the expression of gremlin in RPE cells. The elevated expression of extracellular matrix molecules, such as fibronectin and collagen IV, was significantly reduced by gremlin siRNA in human RPE cells under high-glucose conditions. Thus, gremlin may play a vital role in the development of PDR.
Microlepia ravenii (Dennstaedtiaceae, Pteridophyta) a New Species from Vietnam

Microlepia ravenii S. -J. Moore (Dennstaedtiaceae, Pteridophyta), a new species from northern Vietnam, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to M. marginata and M. hookeriana but differs in having cuneate and not auriculate bases of lower pinnae, cartilaginous and alternatively crenate and denticulate margins of pinnae, and a glabrous undersurface of pinnae.
Using virtual species to study species distributions and model performance

Simulations of virtual species (i.e. species for which the environment–occupancy relationships are known) are increasingly being used to test the effects of different aspects of modelling and sampling strategy on performance of species distribution models (SDMs). Here we discuss an important step of the simulation process: the translation of simulated probabilities of occurrence into patterns of presence and absence. Often a threshold strategy is used to generate virtual occurrences, where presence always occurs above a specific simulated probability value and never below. This procedure effectively translates any shape of simulated species response into a threshold one and eliminates any stochasticity from the species occupancy pattern. We argue that a probabilistic approach should be preferred instead because the threshold response can be treated as a particular case within this framework. This also allows one to address questions relating to the shape of functional responses and avoids convergence issues with some of the most common SDMs. Furthermore, threshold‐based virtual species studies generate over‐optimistic performance measures that lack classification error or incorporate error from a mixture of sampling and modelling choices. Incorrect use of a threshold approach can have significant consequences for the practising biogeographer. For example, low model performance may be interpreted as due to sample bias or poor model choice, rather than being related to fundamental biological responses to environmental gradients. We exemplify these shortcomings with a case study where we compare results from threshold and probabilistic simulation approaches.
Two novel 7-epi-zingiberene derivatives with biological activity from Solanum habrochaites are produced by a single cytochrome P450 monooxygenase

Secretions from glandular trichomes potentially protect the plant against a variety of aggressors. In the tomato genus, wild species constitute a rich source of chemical diversity produced at the leaf surface by glandular trichomes. Previously, 7-epi-zingiberene produced in several accessions of Solanum habrochaites was found to confer resistance to whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) and other insect pests. Here, we identify two derivatives of 7-epi-zingiberene from S. habrochaites that had not been reported as yet. We identified them as 9-hydroxy-zingiberene and 9-hydroxy-10,11-epoxyzingiberene. Using a combination of genetics and transcriptomics we identified a single cytochrome P450 oxygenase, ShCYP71D184 that carries out two successive oxidations to generate the two sesquiterpenoids. Bioactivity assays showed that only 9-hydroxy-10,11-epoxyzingiberene exhibits substantial toxicity against B. tabaci. In addition, both 9-hydroxy-zingiberene and 9-hydroxy-10,11-epoxyzingiberene display substantial growth inhibitory activities against a range of microorganisms, including Bacillus subtilis, Phytophtora infestans and Botrytis cinerea. Our work shows that trichome secretions from wild tomato species can provide protection against a wide variety of organisms. In addition, the availability of the genes encoding the enzymes for the pathway of 7-epi-zingiberene derivatives makes it possible to introduce this trait in cultivated tomato by precision breeding.
Illustrated keys to Free-living Invertebrates of Eurasian Arctic Seas and Adjacent Deep Waters

Illustrated keys to Free-living Invertebrates of Eurasian Arctic Seas and Adjacent Deep Waters. Volume 1. Rotifera, Pycnogonida, Cirripedia, Leptostraca, Mysidacea, Hyperiidea, Caprellidea, Euphausiacea, Dendrobranchiata, Pleocyemata, Anomura, and Brachyura, by Vassilenko, S.V. and Petryashov, V.V. (eds). (Sirenko, B.I. Series Editor); $30. 2009, 186 pp., ISBN 978-1-56612-138-5; Published by the Alaska Sea Grant College Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA, in cooperation with the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
The Murphy number: how pitch moment of inertia dictates quadrupedal walking and running energetics

ABSTRACT Many quadrupedal mammals transition from a four-beat walk to a two-beat run (e.g. trot), but some transition to a four-beat run (e.g. amble). Recent analysis shows that a two-beat run minimizes work only for animals with a small pitch moment of inertia (MOI), though empirical MOI were not reported. It was also unclear whether MOI affects gait energetics at slow speeds. Here, I show that a particular normalization of the pitch moment of inertia (the Murphy number) has opposite effects on walking and running energetics. During walking, simultaneous forelimb and hindlimb contacts dampen pitching energy, favouring a four-beat gait that can distribute expensive transfer of support. However, the required pitching of a four-beat walk becomes more expensive as Murphy number increases. Using trajectory optimization of a simple model, I show that both the walking and slow running strategies used by dogs, horses, giraffes and elephants can be explained by work optimization under their specific Murphy numbers. Rotational dynamics have been largely ignored in quadrupedal locomotion, but appear to be a central factor in gait selection. Summary: Work-based optimization predicts that mammalian gait choice emerges from managing the energetic trade-off of pitching versus translating the body.