Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bilateral telemanipulator system with communication time delay based on force-sum-driven virtual internal models

This paper proposes a new control system for bilateral telemanipulators to overcome one of the severest problems, the instability in the presence of time delay in data transmission. The control system proposed is based on the impedance control with virtual internal models (VIMs) driven by the sum of two forces detected on a master and a slave. The sufficient condition for the stability with arbitrary time delay is given based on small gain theorem. The sufficient condition can be satisfied by choosing appropriate parameters of the VIMs. Consequently, the control system is stable under any time delay. The proposed control system is applied to an experimental teleoperation system, which consists of two manipulators different in size. Data for teleoperation are transmitted through wireless LAN (256 kbps, max.). With this system, a stable contact task (to teach a desired position of the slave) was accomplished even with the time delay of 0.5 second. And it has been experimentally verified that the system is stable when time delay varies at random or when data transmission ceases and resumes.
Aftermath of Typhoon Haiyan: The Imminent Epidemic of Waterborne Illnesses in Leyte, Philippines

Our small medical team composed of 2 doctors, 1 nurse, and a communications expert arrived in Manila 11 days after Super Typhoon Haiyan hit landfall. The Philippines is one of the largest archipelagos in the world—composed of more than 7000 islands, most of which are small and uninhabitable. Leyte, one of the larger islands, is located in the southern region and is home to one of the most densely populated cities: Tacloban.
A Comparative Study of Post-editing Guidelines

With the popular use of machine translation technology in the translation industry, postediting has been widely adopted with the aim of improving target text quality. Every post-editing project needs to have specific guidelines for translators to comply with, since the guidelines may help clients and LSPs to set clear expectations, and save time and effort for translators. Different organizations make their own rules according to their needs. In this paper, we focus on comparing five sources of post-editing guidelines, and point out their overlaps and differences.
Passive field uniformity enhancement in reverberation chambers

Much has been written on field uniformity enhancement and different types of stirrers for reverberation chambers. We have distilled the theory and applied this to a full-wave electromagnetic simulation of an empty, rectangular cavity with and without the introduction of shaped conductive structures. In anticipation of real-life applications, both dipole and Yagi-Uda antennas, orientated in the vertical and horizontal, were used as radiators. This study presents attempts to passively distribute the fields more evenly inside a reverberation chamber by supporting more modes with the introduction of conductive structures inside the chamber. A brief theoretical background is given to support the simulation-based analysis reported here. Simulations were conducted for a 1.86 × 2.44 × 2.47 m screened room. The results show that passive field enhancement has improved the standard deviation when compared to an empty chamber. The simulated standard deviation of the internal total electric field distribution over a frequency band of 1 – 2 GHz shows marginal improvement in the field uniformity of between 0.6 dB at lower frequencies and 0.1 dB at higher frequencies when introducing static conductive structures in the cavity and employing a horizontally positioned dipole. However, passive “stirring” of the modes alone does not satisfy the requirements for electromagnetic compatibility testing using reverberation chambers, but it does pose an improvement in the performance of reverberation chambers where dynamic mixing of the modes is done through rotating stirrer structures.
Isolation and culture of highly enriched populations of Leydig cells from guinea‐pig (Cavia porcellus) testes

Summary. Leydig cells were isolated from adult male guinea‐pig testes using a multi‐step procedure involving enzymatic dissociation and Percollgradient centrifugation. The following description is the first account of a successful isolation of adolescent guinea‐pig Leydig cells. The enriched Leydig‐cell preparation routinely isolated from six intact testicles yielded approximately 5.0 × 106±0.7 × 106 (±SEM) Leydig cells with a viability of 98.0 ± 0.4% as determined using the trypan‐blue exclusion method. The purity of the isolated cell population as assessed by 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β‐HSD) staining averaged 82.5 ± 0.8%. Under light microscopy, guinea‐pig Leydig cells were polyhedral in shape with a large prominent nucleus and a distinct nucleolus. The acidophilic cytoplasm contained numerous lipid‐filled vesicles. Ultrastructurally, guinea‐pig Leydig cells displayed an eccentrically located ovoid nucleus with dark‐staining peripheral heterochromatin. Large quantities of mitochondria, smooth endoplasmic reticulum and particulate‐laden lipid droplets were also evident. The steroidogenic potential of the isolated Leydig cells was verified using a maximally stimulating dose of ovine LH (100ng ml−1) and human CG (200 mIU ml−1). Leydig cells incubated in a shaking (120 cycles min−1) water bath for 3 h at 37 °C in capped polypropylene microcentrifuge tubes produced 233 ± 21 ng and 223 ± 18 ng testosterone per 1 × 106 cells when maximally stimulated with oLH or hCG, respectively. The inclusion of low (1–5 μM) levels of sodium ascorbate during culture enhanced significantly Leydig‐cell viability vs. control values.
Reducing Hydration-Linked Events in Nursing Home Residents

The authors used a quasi-experimental treatment and control group design with 49 participants from four nursing homes to test the effectiveness of an 8-week hydration intervention in reducing hydration-linked events (HLEs). A Kaplan Meier survival curve with log rank test was calculated to determine incidence and time to occurrence of a HLE. Incidence of and time to a HLE did not differ between the treatment and control groups over an 8-week period (p >.05). However, treatment group participants were found to be more frail, more cognitively impaired, and more at risk for acute confusion than the control group participants. Although there were no statistically significant differences between the groups, it is clinically significant that the frailer, more at-risk participants in the treatment group had a lower incidence of HLEs.
Prioritizing Zoonoses for Global Health Capacity Building—Themes from One Health Zoonotic Disease Workshops in 7 Countries, 2014–2016

Zoonotic diseases represent critical threats to global health security. Effective mitigation of the impact of endemic and emerging zoonotic diseases of public health importance requires multisectoral collaboration and interdisciplinary partnerships. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention created the One Health Zoonotic Disease Prioritization Tool to help countries identify zoonotic diseases of greatest national concern using input from representatives of human health, agriculture, environment, and wildlife sectors. We review 7 One Health Zoonotic Disease Prioritization Tool workshops conducted during 2014–2016, highlighting workshop outcomes, lessons learned, and shared themes from countries implementing this process. We also describe the tool’s ability to help countries focus One Health capacity-building efforts to appropriately prevent, detect, and respond to zoonotic disease threats.
Endoscopic features of nonampullary duodenal tumors with narrow-band imaging.

BACKGROUND/AIMS Endoscopic features of nonampullary duodenal adenomas and early adenocarcinomas are not well known. The aims of this study were to investigate the endoscopic features of the tumors using conventional endoscopy and narrow-band imaging magnified endoscopy, and to reveal the relationship between the endoscopic features and histological grades. METHODOLOGY The study included 24 nonampullary duodenal adenomas and early adenocarcinomas in 22 patients who underwent conventional endoscopy and narrow-band imaging magnified endoscopy. The tumors were divided into histological groups according to the modified Vienna classification system. RESULTS The 24 tumors were 17 adenomas and 7 carcinomas in situ, and divided into 10 Category 3 and 14 Category 4 lesions. On conventional endoscopy, 22 of the 24 (92%) lesions, had a milk-white mucosa and the frequency of a marginal-type one was significantly higher for the Category 4 group (p = 0.028). On narrow-band imaging magnified endoscopy, all tumors had a heterogeneous pattern. The frequency of an obscure mucosal pattern and a network microvascular pattern was significantly higher for the Category 4 group (p = 0.024 and 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Narrow-band imaging magnified endoscopy following conventional endoscopy might be a promising approach to realizing lesions or predicting histological grade of nonampullary duodenal intraepithelial tumors.
Design of the dual mode DC-DC buck converter using low power control method

This paper describes a dual-mode DC-DC buck converter using a low power control method for mobile devices. Under a light load condition, the proposed converter within a PFM mode utilizes multiple steps of the state machine to control the load sensing circuit and enhances the efficiency of the PFM mode. The measurement results demonstrate the peak efficiency of 93% and 92.3% on PWM mode and PFM mode, respectively.
Acute Physiological and Mechanical Responses During Resistance Exercise at the Lactate Threshold Intensity

Abstract Garnacho-Castaño, MV, Domínguez, R, Ruiz-Solano, P, and Maté-Muñoz, JL. Acute physiological and mechanical responses during resistance exercise at the lactate threshold intensity. J Strength Cond Res 29(10): 2867–2873, 2015—The purpose of this study was to examine acute metabolic, mechanical, and cardiac responses to half-squat (HS) resistance exercise performed at a workload corresponding to the lactate threshold (LT). Thirteen healthy subjects completed 3 HS exercise tests separated by 48-hour rest periods: a maximal strength or 1 repetition maximum (1RM) test, an incremental load test to establish the % 1RM at which the LT was reached, and a constant load test at the LT intensity. During the last test, metabolic, mechanical, and cardiac responses were monitored respectively through blood lactate concentrations, height (H), average power (AP) and peak power (PP) recorded in a countermovement jump test, and heart rate (HR). During the constant load test, lactate concentrations and HR remained stable whereas significant reductions were detected in H, AP, and PP (p ⩽ 0.05). Only low correlation was observed between lactate concentrations and the H (r = 0.028), AP (r = 0.072), and PP (r = 0.359) losses produced. Half-squat exercise at the LT elicits stable HR and blood lactate responses within a predominantly aerobic metabolism, although this exercise modality induces significant mechanical fatigue.
Frequency and extent of allelic loss in the short arm of chromosome 3 in nonsmall‐cell lung cancer

DNA was prepared from tumour and normal tissue from 48 patients representing all common histological types of nonsmall‐cell lung cancer. Using eight DNA probes, which detect nine restriction enzyme fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) on chromosome 3, we established that among the 44 informative patients 32 had lost alleles on the short arm of one of their copies of chromosome 3. Of these 32, at least 13 had also lost alleles on the long arm of chromosome 3, suggesting that the whole chromosome might be lost. For one patient, cytogenetic analysis indicated that the mechanism of allelic loss was reciprocal translocation followed by chromosomal loss of one of the reciprocal products. Two patients with allelic loss distal to the D3S3 locus (which maps to 3p13–14) retained heterozygosity at that locus. These results indicate that loss of alleles on the short arm of chromosome 3 is a common event in lung tumours of the nonsmall‐cell type, that this loss occurs by a variety of chromosomal mechanisms, and that the minimally deleted region is 3p13–14→3pter.
The delivery of ambulatory diabetes care to children and adolescents with diabetes

Catherine Pihokera, Gun Forsanderb, Bereket Fantahunc, Anju Virmanid, Xiaoping Luoe, Marie Hallmanb, Joseph Wolfsdorff and David M Maahsg aDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA ; bDivision of Diabetes, The Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; cDepartment of Pediatrics, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; dDepartment of Pediatrics, Apollo, Max, Pentamed and SL Jain Hospitals, Delhi, India; eDepartment of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; fDivision of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USAand gBarbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, Aurora, CO, USA
The Motor Cortex and Facial Expression:: New Insights From Neuroscience

Background:For more than a century, unusual and complex deficits in facial expression have been known to occur following localized brain damage. Some brain injuries leave the face with pronounced alterations in affect whereas others result in movement disorders such as blepharospasm and Meige syndrome. There is also a historic trail of clinical observations that document deficits in either voluntary or emotional control of the facial muscles following central nervous system damage. Review Summary:Recent studies in the nonhuman primate cerebral cortex reveal the existence of multiple cortical facial representations in the frontal lobe and adjacent anterior cingulate cortex. These comprise the facial representation of the primary motor cortex (M1), ventral lateral premotor cortex (LPMCv), supplementary motor cortex (M2), rostral cingulate motor cortex (M3), and caudal cingulate motor cortex (M4). Homologous facial representations reside in the human brain based on observations following cortical stimulation, functional neuroimaging, and localized surgical resection. In the nonhuman primate, all these facial representations have been found to be directly interconnected through topographically organized corticocortical connections, and each facial area has also been found to send direct corticobulbar projections to the facial motor nucleus. The facial representations of M2 and M3 are both located on the medial wall of the hemisphere, in the vascular territory of the anterior cerebral artery. Both preferentially give rise to bilateral projections to parts of the facial nucleus that innervate the upper facial musculature as demonstrated in the monkey. The facial representation of M1, LPMCv, and M4 preferentially give rise to contralateral axonal projections ending in parts of the facial nucleus that innervate the lower facial musculature. The facial representation of M1 and LPMCv both reside in the vascular territory of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). The classic clinical presentation of paralysis in the contralateral lower facial musculature and intact bilateral upper facial musculature following typical MCA in infarction in the human parallels this mapping pattern of corticobulbar connections found in the nonhuman primate. Conclusions:Facial movements are undoubtedly under the powerful influence of the cerebral cortex and are essential for the appropriate execution of many important functions such as mastication, swallowing, and social interaction, including speech and nonverbal communication. This information provides a theoretic template for interpreting the clinical effects of neuropathologic disease and localized cortical trauma on facial movements.
Implanted Dental Pulp Cells Fail to Induce Regeneration in Partial Pulpotomies

Cell-based partial pulp regeneration is one of the promising approaches to obtain newly formed functional dentin-pulp complex. It relies on the preservation of the healthy tissue while regenerating the damaged pulp. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this regenerative process could be achieved by implanting porcine dental pulp cells (pDPCs) in pulp defects in the minipig. By split-mouth model, self-assembling injectable nanopeptide hydrogel, with and without pDPCs, was implanted after cameral pulpotomy in premolars and molars. At day 21 after surgery, 3-dimensional morphometric characterization, Masson’s trichrome staining, and immunolabeling for DSP and BSP (dentin sialoprotein and bone sialoprotein) were performed on treated teeth. This study demonstrated no pulp regeneration but systematic reparative dentinogenesis. In fact, regardless of the presence of pDPCs in the scaffold, an osteodentin bridge—the microarchitecture of which significantly differed from the native dentin—was systematically obtained. Furthermore, the presence of pDPCs significantly affected the microstructure of the dentin bridges. In the radicular area of each treated tooth, hyperemia in the remaining pulp and external root resorptions were observed. Under the conditions tested in this work, pulp regeneration was not achieved, which highlights the need of further investigations to develop favorable regenerative microenvironment.
Associations between Sleep Loss and Increased Risk of Obesity and Diabetes

During the past few decades, sleep curtailment has become a very common in industrialized countries. This trend for shorter sleep duration has developed over the same time period as the dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity and diabetes. Evidence is rapidly accumulating to indicate that chronic partial sleep loss may increase the risk of obesity and diabetes. Laboratory studies in healthy volunteers have shown that experimental sleep restriction is associated with an adverse impact on glucose homeostasis. Insulin sensitivity decreases rapidly and markedly without adequate compensation in beta cell function, resulting in an elevated risk of diabetes. Prospective epidemiologic studies in both children and adults are consistent with a causative role of short sleep in the increased risk of diabetes. Sleep curtailment is also associated with a dysregulation of the neuroendocrine control of appetite, with a reduction of the satiety factor, leptin, and an increase in the hunger‐promoting hormone, ghrelin. Thus, sleep loss may alter the ability of leptin and ghrelin to accurately signal caloric need, acting in concert to produce an internal misperception of insufficient energy availability. The adverse impact of sleep deprivation on appetite regulation is likely to be driven by increased activity in neuronal populations expressing the excitatory peptides orexins that promote both waking and feeding. Consistent with the laboratory evidence, multiple epidemiologic studies have shown an association between short sleep and higher body mass index after controlling for a variety of possible confounders.
Increased phosphate content in complement component C3, fibrinogen, vitronectin, and other plasma proteins in systemic lupus erythematosus: covariation with platelet activation and possible association with thrombosis.

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether extracellular phosphorylation of plasma proteins takes place in vivo in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), to determine possible correlations between phosphate levels and clinical and/or laboratory parameters, and to identify individual phosphorylated plasma proteins. METHODS Sera from SLE patients were analyzed for total amounts of protein-bound phosphate by a colorimetric technique, and for levels of beta-thromboglobulin by radioimmunoassay. In addition, the ability of these sera to activate platelets, resulting in the release of protein kinase, was tested using an assay in which platelet-rich plasma from healthy blood donors was incubated with sera or immune complexes from SLE patients. In this assay, [gamma-32P]ATP was added, and 32P-labeled C3 was quantified. Phosphate in individual proteins was detected by Western blot analysis. RESULTS 32P-labeled, activated platelets were able to phosphorylate exogenously added proteins, without the addition of ATP or cations. Platelet-rich plasma from healthy blood donors became activated by sera or by polyethylene glycol-precipitated immune complexes from patients with SLE, which led to the extracellular phosphorylation of plasma proteins, exemplified in the C3 assay. The phosphate content in plasma proteins was increased in SLE patients with previous thrombosis. The degree of phosphorylation increased up to 3-fold in serial samples obtained from 2 SLE patients during periods of disease exacerbation. Substantial phosphate increases were seen in C3 and fibrinogen. The changes were linked to platelet activation because of the observed covariation with the levels of beta-thromboglobulin. CONCLUSION In SLE patients, the phosphate content in plasma proteins (including C3 and fibrinogen) increases due to platelet activation.
A p53-dependent mouse spindle checkpoint

Cell cycle checkpoints enhance genetic fidelity by causing arrest at specific stages of the cell cycle when previous events have not been completed. The tumor suppressor p53 has been implicated in a G1 checkpoint. To investigate whether p53 also participates in a mitotic checkpoint, cultured fibroblasts from p53-deficient mouse embryos were exposed to spindle inhibitors. The fibroblasts underwent multiple rounds of DNA synthesis without completing chromosome segregation, thus forming tetraploid and octaploid cells. Deficiency of p53 was also associated with the development of tetraploidy in vivo. These results suggest that murine p53 is a component of a spindle checkpoint that ensures the maintenance of diploidy.
Sympathetic axons invade the brains of mice overexpressing nerve growth factor

Transgenic mice that overexpress nerve growth factor (NGF) in cells producing glial fibrillary acidic protein were used to determine whether sympathetic axons will invade the undamaged, postnatal mammalian brain. By using reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction, NGF mRNA transgene expression was detectable in the hippocampi and cerebella of transgenic mice but not in age‐matched, wild type mice. Elevated levels of NGF protein were detected in the hippocampi and cerebella of postnatal and adult transgenic animals as well as in conditioned media from transgenic cerebellar astrocytes in culture. The brains of these transgenic mice were found to contain postganglionic sympathetic fibers, as identified by their immunohistochemical staining for tyrosine hydroxylase and by their disappearance following superior cervical ganglionectomy. In the cerebellum, a robust plexus of sympathetic fibers was evident in the deep white matter and in the inferior cerebellar peduncles. These axons within the cerebellum were observed as early as 14 days after birth and dramatically increased in number with age. Sympathetic axons were also associated with the large blood vessels of the hippocampal fissure and were present within the hilar region of the dentate gyrus. NGF immunoreactivity was present within the sympathetic axons as well as within glial cells in the transgenic cerebellum and hippocampus. Wild type mice, however, lacked similar patterns of immunostaining. These results demonstrate that elevated expression of NGF in the intact mammalian brain results in the growth of sympathetic axons into the central nervous system in the absence of injury. J. Comp. Neurol. 383:60–72, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.