Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Decision-Assist and Clinical Judgment of Experts for Prediction of Lifesaving Interventions

ABSTRACT Early recognition of hemorrhage during the initial resuscitation of injured patients is associated with improved survival in both civilian and military casualties. We tested a transfusion and lifesaving intervention (LSI) prediction algorithm in comparison with clinical judgment of expert trauma care providers. We collected 15 min of pulse oximeter photopletysmograph waveforms and extracted features to predict LSIs. We compared this with clinical judgment of LSIs by individual categories of prehospital providers, nurses, and physicians and a combined judgment of all three providers using the Area Under Receiver Operating Curve (AUROC). We obtained clinical judgment of need for LSI from 405 expert clinicians in135 trauma patients. The pulse oximeter algorithm predicted transfusion within 6 h (AUROC, 0.92; P < 0.003) more accurately than either physicians or prehospital providers and as accurately as nurses (AUROC, 0.76; P = 0.07). For prediction of surgical procedures, the algorithm was as accurate as the three categories of clinicians. For prediction of fluid bolus, the diagnostic algorithm (AUROC, 0.9) was significantly more accurate than prehospital providers (AUROC, 0.62; P = 0.02) and nurses (AUROC, 0.57; P = 0.04) and as accurate as physicians (AUROC, 0.71; P = 0.06). Prediction of intubation by the algorithm (AUROC, 0.92) was as accurate as each of the three categories of clinicians. The algorithm was more accurate (P < 0.03) for blood and fluid prediction than the combined clinical judgment of all three providers but no different from the clinicians in the prediction of surgery (P = 0.7) or intubation (P = 0.8). Automated analysis of 15 min of pulse oximeter waveforms predicts the need for LSIs during initial trauma resuscitation as accurately as judgment of expert trauma clinicians. For prediction of emergency transfusion and fluid bolus, pulse oximetry features were more accurate than these experts. Such automated decision support could assist resuscitation decisions, trauma team, and operating room and blood bank preparations.
Photometric Analysis of the Apollo Landing Sites

Disturbed lunar regolith has distinctly different photometric properties than undisturbed regolith. Properties such as composition, grain size and size distribution, grain shapes, glass and Fe 0 contents, and structure (fine-scale layering or “fairy-castle” forms) determine how light is reflected from the surface. Photometry can be used to extract this information from regions with different photometric behavior or to compare disturbed and undisturbed areas. Of interest here are regions around the Apollo landers that were disturbed during descent, which we refer to as blast zones. Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) images show that the blast zones are brighter and have distinctly different photometric properties than surrounding regolith, presumably owing to smoothing of the surface and/or removal/redistribution of fine particles. We use phase-ratio images for each landing site to determine the size of the blast zone around each lander and to quantify the differences in reflectance within the blast zones in comparison to nearby undisturbed regolith. Most of the blast zones are elliptical in shape, but some are irregular. The average area of regolith brightening from preliminary measurements for the blast zones is ~115,000 m 2 , with values ranging from as low as 75,000 m 2 for Apollo 15 (~150 m average diameter) to as high as 215,000 m 2 (~260 m average diameter) for Apollo 12, which has an enlarged disturbed region extending in the direction of Surveyor Crater. The average normalized reflectance is 0.0480 for the blast zone, 0.0400 for the area under the LM, and 0.0443 for areas outside the blast zone, indicating some process or combination of processes are causing differences in surface properties of the regolith. Whereas experimental work and dynamical modeling indicate that soil grains excavated from beneath the landers would have been transported and deposited many kilometers away, the images provide visible evidence for effects in close proximity to the landers. We are investigating what part of the excavated particle flow regime corresponds to these areas of visible alteration using Hapke modeling. Our working hypothesis is that surface brightening results from scouring and smoothing by exhaust gases, and exposure of fresh regolith material.
New Ideas about Late Holocene Climate Variability in the Central Pacific

Pacific archaeologists, geographers, and other social scientists have long used a model of Late Holocene climate change based largely on other regions of the world. In highlatitude regions, two major climate periods have been recognized: the Medieval Warm Period, dated to ca. AD 9001200, and the Little Ice Age, dated to ca. AD 15501900. However, new evidence from longlived Pacific corals, along with more general climate modelling, suggests that while the rest of the world was experiencing the Medieval Warm Period, conditions in the tropical Pacific were cool and possibly dry. Similarly, during the Little Ice Age the central Pacific was comparatively warm and wet and stormy conditions more common. A significant body of new evidence points to substantial climate variability in the central Pacific over the past millennium. Changing background climate, El NioSouthern Oscillation variability, and the potential for regional variation are here considered with an eye to understanding the potential influence of climate on prehistoric human populations in the central Pacific region.
Measuring the geometry of DNA grooves

We present a new method for measuring the widths and depths of the grooves formed within DNA helices. This method overcomes the limitations of simply measuring interstrand phosphate–phosphate distances and has the advantage of yielding continuous values for groove geometry along a DNA fragment. In the case of oligonucleotides, it also clearly indicates the zones in which grooves exist, bounded by two phosphodiester backbones. The methodology has been developed within the Curves algorithm for studying irregular DNA geometries and is based on the optimal, and generally curved, helical axis obtained by this analysis. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Statistical modelling of a radio propagation channel in an underground mine at 2.4 and 5.8 GHz

This paper reports on the statistical modelling of a wideband radio propagation channel in an underground mine at 2.4 and 5.8 GHz. Both LOS and NLOS areas are considered. The amplitude for the paths of the experimental impulse responses is compared to the Rayleigh, Rice, Nakagami, Weibull and lognormal distributions. The arrival-time of these paths is compared to the Poisson, modified Poisson and Weibull distributions. The phase is considered a priori to be uniformly distributed. After comparing the experimental impulse responses to those generated by many simulations (based on the RMS delay spread), the best amplitude model is found to be Rice for LOS and Rayleigh for NLOS, and the best arrival-time model is modified Poisson, regardless of the frequency.
Overview of battery energy storage system advancement for renewable (photovoltaic) energy applications

Due to the fickle nature of the weather upon which renewable energy sources mostly depend, the need to balance energy demand from renewable energy supply through reliable energy storage systems (ESS) becomes essential. The common categories of ESS technologies in the recent time include the mechanical, electrical and electrochemical (or battery) energy storage systems. While most of these technologies are not commercially viable at present due to some of their limitations, the battery energy storage system (BESS) are having incremental market entries and continual improvements for use in different renewable energy applications in transportation, energy back-up, smart grid systems etc. In this paper, the advancements of BESS in renewable (photovoltaic) energy applications are reviewed alongside other ESS. It is of importance that as we approach the electric future, there is also a need for smart storage technologies which would be commercially viable and with the continual improvements in battery technologies, in comparison with other developing ESS, BESS may not be obsolete in the near future but rather contribute to a faster realization of smart electric future as their continual advancements continue.
Reading Among Diverse DHH Learners: What, How, and for Whom?

Students who are deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) face challenges in learning to read. Much has been written about the relative importance of the different factors associated with success in reading, but these factors are disputed within the literature on DHH readers. The Center on Literacy and Deafness, funded by the Institute of Education Sciences, is engaged in a nationwide project to identify child-by-instruction interactions related to instructional factors that are malleable within the classroom context. In the present article, the authors describe the project, present the conceptual model on which it is based, explain the processes and procedures used to choose assessment tools, and discuss their theoretical view of how reading and instruction might differ based on an individual student’s language and level of functional hearing.
Enfermedades virales emergentes

En los ultimos anos se ha observado un incremento cada vez mas creciente de nuevas enfermedades infecciosas o de otras que ya se consideraban controladas. Las llamadas enfermedades emergentes y reemergentes son aquellas infecciones nuevas que han aparecido en una poblacion o que han existido pero estan aumentando rapidamente en incidencia o rango geografico. Factores sociales y economicos, de la atencion medica, produccion de alimentos, cambios en el comportamiento del hombre, cambios ambientales, deterioro de los sistemas de salud y adaptacion y cambio de los microorganismos se relacionan con el surgimiento o resurgimiento de diferentes entidades. En este trabajo se presento un analisis de la emergencia y reemergencia de las enfermedades virales y de los factores que han influido en esta situacion.
Relationship between dopamine D(2) occupancy, clinical response, and side effects: a double-blind PET study of first-episode schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE Since all antipsychotics block dopamine D(2) receptors, the authors investigated how well D(2) receptor occupancy in vivo predicts clinical response, extrapyramidal side effects, and hyperprolactinemia. METHOD In a double-blind study, 22 patients with first-episode schizophrenia were randomly assigned to 1.0 or 2. 5 mg/day of haloperidol. After 2 weeks of treatment, D(2) receptor occupancy was determined with [(11)C]raclopride and positron emission tomography, and clinical response, extrapyramidal side effects, and prolactin levels were measured. Patients who showed adequate responses continued taking their initial doses, those who did not respond had their doses increased to 5.0 mg/day, and evaluations were repeated at 4 weeks for all patients. RESULTS The patients showed a wide range of D(2) occupancy (38%-87%). The degree of receptor occupancy predicted clinical improvement, hyperprolactinemia, and extrapyramidal side effects. The likelihood of clinical response, hyperprolactinemia, and extrapyramidal side effects increased significantly as D(2) occupancy exceeded 65%, 72%, and 78%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The study confirms that D(2) occupancy is an important mediator of response and side effects in antipsychotic treatment. The data are consistent with a "target and trigger" hypothesis of antipsychotic action, i.e., that the D(2) receptor specificity of antipsychotics permits them to target discrete neurons and that their antagonist properties trigger within those neurons intracellular changes that ultimately beget antipsychotic response. While limited to haloperidol, the relationship between D(2) occupancy and side effects in this study helps explain many of the observed clinical differences between typical and atypical antipsychotics.
Engineering of charge, biotin-binding and oligomerization of avidin : new tools for avidin-biotin technology

Esitetään Jyväskylän yliopiston matemaattis-luonnontieteellisen tiedekunnan suostumuksella julkisesti tarkastettavaksi yliopiston Ambiotica-rakennuksen salissa (YAA303) heinäkuun 26. päivänä 2002 kello 12. Academic dissertation to be publicly discussed, by permission of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences of the University of Jyväskylä, in the Building Ambiotica, Auditorium YAA303, on July 26, 2002 at 12 o'clock noon.
Diagnostic Crossover and Outcome Predictors in Eating Disorders According to DSM-IV and DSM-V Proposed Criteria: A 6-Year Follow-Up Study

Objective: To evaluate in a 6-year follow-up study the course of a large clinical sample of patients with eating disorders (EDs) who were treated with individual cognitive behavior therapy. The diagnostic crossover, recovery, and relapses were assessed, applying both Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) and the DSM-V proposed criteria. Patients with EDs move in and out of illness states over time, display frequent relapses, show a relevant lifetime psychiatric comorbidity, and migrate between different diagnoses. Method: A total of 793 patients (including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and EDs not otherwise specified) were evaluated on the first day of admission, at the end of treatment, 3 years after the end of treatment, and 3 years after the first follow-up. Clinical data were collected through a face-to-face interview; diagnosis was performed by means of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire was applied. Results: A consistent rate of relapse and crossover between the different diagnoses over time was observed. Mood disorders comorbidity has been found to be an important determinant of diagnostic instability, whereas the severity of shape concern represented a relevant outcome modifier. Using the DSM-V proposed criteria, most patients of EDs not otherwise specified were reclassified, so that the large majority of ED patients seeking treatment would be included in full-blown diagnoses. Conclusions: Among EDs, there are different subgroups of patients displaying various courses and outcomes. The diagnostic instability involves the large majority of patients. An integration of categorical and dimensional approaches could improve the psychopathological investigation and the treatment choices. AN = anorexia nervosa; BED = binge eating disorder; BMI = body mass index; BN = bulimia nervosa; CBT = cognitive behavior therapy; DSM = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; EDs = eating disorders; EDE 12.0D = Eating Disorder Examination Interview; EDNOS = eating disorders not otherwise specified; EDNOS-A = eating disorders not otherwise specified Anorectic type; EDNOS-B = eating disorders not otherwise specified Bulimic type; OBEs = objective binge episodes; SBEs = subjective binge episodes; s-BED = subthreshold BED.
System Interoperability Solution - Direct Conversion from RF to Baseband Radio Systems

The coming new generation of communication systems solving the interoperability problem between systems operating in different frequency bands and using different standards is the subject of this paper. Such systems provide conversion of received signals into its digital equivalent immediately after the antenna. Followed by digital signal processing using the dynamically downloadable software according to a specific standard corresponding to the received signal type makes these systems frequency agile as well as protocol independent
CsPbBr3 QD/AlOx Inorganic Nanocomposites with Exceptional Stability in Water, Light, and Heat.

Herein, the assembly of CsPbBr3 QD/AlOx inorganic nanocomposites, by using atomic layer deposition (ALD) for the growth of the amorphous alumina matrix (AlOx ), is described as a novel protection scheme for such QDs. The nucleation and growth of AlOx on the QD surface was thoroughly investigated by miscellaneous techniques, which highlighted the importance of the interaction between the ALD precursors and the QD surface to uniformly coat the QDs while preserving the optoelectronic properties. These nanocomposites show exceptional stability towards exposure to air (for at least 45 days), irradiation under simulated solar spectrum conditions (for at least 8 h), and heat (up to 200 °C in air), and finally upon immersion in water. This method was extended to the assembly of CsPbBrx I3-x QD/AlOx and CsPbI3 QD/AlOx nanocomposites, which were more stable than the pristine QD films.
ASPECTOS DE LA BIOLOGÍA DE POBLACIONES DE

En varias comarcas de la depresion prelitoral catalana se ha venido observando desde principios de la decada de los anos setenta, una progresiva transformacion de la ocupacion del suelo . El abandono de tierras de labor ha sido el elemento de mayor significacion y en la actualidad los campos abandonados ocupan una parte no despreciable del territorio de dichas comarcas, espe_ cialmente en el Valles Occidental .
MISTLETOE-A KEYSTONE RESOURCE IN FORESTS AND WOODLANDS WORLDWIDE

▪ Abstract Mistletoes are a diverse group of parasitic plants with a worldwide distribution. The hemiparasitic growth form is critical to understanding their biology, buffering variation in resource availability that constrains the distribution and growth of most plants. This is manifested in many aspects of mistletoe life history, including extended phenologies, abundant and high-quality fruits and nectar, and few chemical or structural defenses. Most mistletoe species rely on animals for both pollination and fruit dispersal, and this leads to a broad range of mistletoe-animal interactions. In this review, I summarize research on mistletoe biology and synthesize results from studies of mistletoe-animal interactions. I consolidate records of mistletoe-vertebrate interactions, incorporating species from 97 vertebrate families recorded as consuming mistletoe and from 50 using mistletoe as nesting sites. There is widespread support for regarding mistletoe as a keystone resource, and all quantitative data are.
Multi-Valued Autoencoders and Classification of Large-Scale Multi-Class Problem

Two-layered neural networks are well known as autoencoders (AEs) in order to reduce the dimensionality of data. AEs are successfully employed as pre-trained layers of neural networks for classification tasks. Most of the existing studies conceived real-valued AEs in real-valued neural networks. This study investigated complex- and quaternion-valued AEs for complex- and quaternion-valued neural networks. Inputs, weights, biases, and outputs in complex-valued AE (CAE) are complex variables, whereas those in quaternion-valued AE (QAE) are quaternions. In both methods, a split-type activation function is used in the hidden and output units. To deal with the images using the proposed methods, pairs of pixels are allotted to complex-valued inputs in the CAE and quartets of pixels are allotted to quaternion-valued inputs in the QAE. Proposed autoencoders are tested and performance compared with conventional AE for several tasks which are encoding/decoding, handwritten numeral recognition and large-scale multi-class classification. Proposed CAE and QAE revealed as good recognition methods for the tasks and outperformed conventional AE with significance performance in case of large-scale multi-class images recognition.
Image registration based on generalized and mean Hausdorff distances

A new method to register two un-identical imaging representation of the same objects based on generalized and mean Hausdorff distances is proposed. Firstly two image contours are registered by minimizing mean Hausdorff distance used as cost function, through two-dimensional translation and rotation with simulate anneal algorithm. The registration is often inaccurate due to the location-independent difference of two contours. Generalized Hausdorff distance was analyzed to ascertain the excess of the floating image over the model image. Then the new floating image subtracted the excess points is registered to the model image. Accurate registration was attained after several iterations.
Perinatal depression: a randomized controlled trial of an antenatal education intervention for primiparas.

BACKGROUND Depression can be an unexpected and distressing companion for a woman during the major life transition of becoming a mother for the first time. Researchers now demonstrate that approximately 50 percent of women will experience perinatal distress. Therefore, the etiology and management of perinatal depression is essential for a quality care of childbearing women. The objectives of this study were to develop an education intervention tailored to the information needs of primiparous women about perinatal depression, to deliver this intervention antenatally, and to conduct a randomized controlled trial to determine the effect of the antenatal education intervention in the reduction of postnatal depression. METHOD A prospective, randomized controlled trial of the education intervention (n = 206) was conducted at three sites in Australia. The outcome of changes in mood state was measured by the Profile of Mood States questionnaire once antenatally (12-28 wk), and twice postnatally (8-12 and 16-24 wk); social support and demographic data were also collected. The education package was administered to the intervention group at the antenatal assessment of mood. RESULTS A significant and steady reduction in scores (overall and on the subscales) was observed over time for both groups that showed significant improvement in symptoms of depression. No difference was detected when comparing the intervention group with the control group. Additional multivariate regression analyses revealed no relevant influence of social support or demographic variables. CONCLUSIONS Women in both the study and control groups were more depressed antenatally than postnatally. The finding that the education intervention made no difference challenges the two strongly held tenets of health education in childbearing women-that depression can be reduced through education and that antenatal education interventions can endure into the postnatal period.
Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis as a strategy to circumvent acquired resistance to anti‐cancer therapeutic agents

Cancers have a formidable capacity to develop resistance to a large and diverse array of chemical, biologic, and physical anti‐neoplastic agents. This can be largely traced to the instability of the tumor cell genome, and the resultant ability of tumor cell populations to generate phenotypic variants rapidly. It is therefore argued that anti‐cancer strategies should be directed at eliminating those genetically stable normal diploid cells that are required for the progressive growth of tumors. Micro‐vascular endothelial cells comprising the tumor vasculature represent such a normal cell target. Moreover, specificity for tumor associated vasculature by anti‐cancer agents may be achieved by virtue of the fact that many of the endothelial cells that comprise these blood vessels are in an immature, cycling, and ‘activated’ state, in contrast to the endothelial cells associated with normal tissue and organ blood vessels.