Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heterotrophic Nitrification by Arthrobacter sp

Arthrobacter sp. isolated from sewage oxidized ammonium to hydroxylamine, a bound hydroxylamine compound, a hydroxamic acid, a substance presumed to be a primary nitro compound, nitrite, and nitrate. The concentration of free hydroxylamine-nitrogen reached 15 μg/ml. The identification of hydroxylamine was verified by mass spectrometric analysis of its benzophenone oxime derivative. The bound hydroxylamine was tentatively identified as 1-nitrosoethanol on the basis of its mass spectrum, chemical reactions, and infrared and ultraviolet spectra. Hydroxylamine formation by growing cells was relatively independent of pH, but the accumulation of nitrite was strongly favored in alkaline solutions. The formation of hydroxylamine but not nitrite was regulated by the carbon to nitrogen ratio of the medium. The hydroxamic acid was the dominant product of nitrification in iron-deficient media, but hydroxylamine, nitrite, and 1-nitrosoethanol formation was favored in iron-rich solutions. Heterotrophic nitrification by Arthrobacter sp. was not inhibited by several compounds at concentrations which totally inhibited autotrophic nitrification.
The Plant Circadian Clock: Review of a Clockwork Arabidopsis

Organisms from all the major kingdoms of life exhibit periodic rhythms of approximately 24 hours in vital cellular and physiological processes, including animal locomotor activity and photosynthesis in cyanobacteria and plants. These rhythms sustain most of their properties under constant environmental conditions, which is a hallmark of the intracellular pacemakers known as circadian clocks. The existence of the circadian clock in plants has been known for hundreds of years; however, only recently has work been focused on understanding the molecular makeup of the plant clockworks. Using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, significant progress has been made in identifying key genes in the oscillator (Salome & McClung, 2004). As anticipated from the more mature work on the Neurospora and Drosophila clocks, the minimal Arabidopsis clock is composed of a negative feedback loop. Even with the immense progress made in the past ten years, the molecular mechanism of the plant circadian clock remains unclear, especially in comparison to the detail available for fungal and animal clocks (Rosbash & Hall, 1989). Therefore, it is the task of the plant clock community to add color and depth to this relatively bare canvas by defining the function of the proteins now in hand, identifying the factors missing from the current picture, and connecting the function of each to generate a more comprehensive model of the plant oscillator. This chapter summarizes the work that has brought the plant clock field to this point, and goes on to illuminate avenues likely to be fruitful in the future. A current view of the plant oscillator is also presented based on the list of circadian genes identified so far.
ETUDE DES ALTERATIONS EPIGENETIQUES DANS LES CANCERS DES VOIES AERO-DIGESTIVES SUPERIEURES (VADS). IMPLICATION DANS LE DISGNOSTIC, LE SUIVI ET LE PRONOSTIC DES PATIENTS

Des recherches dans le domaine de la biologie des cancers des VADS ont ete menees pour mieux comprendre leur cancerogenese et rechercher des biomarqueurs pouvant avoir une valeur pronostique ou un interet dans le depistage. En matiere de cancerogenese des cancers des VADS, 2 grands types de modifications ont ete identifies a l'echelon cellulaire : les alterations genetiques et epigenetiques. Notre travail s'est focalise sur la methylation de genes suppresseurs de tumeurs au niveau tumoral et salivaire. Seize genes ont ete etudies dans le cadre d'une etude prospective. Nous avons pu definir un profil de methylation a partir de 6 genes avec une bonne correlation entre les resultats obtenus au niveau tumoral et salivaire ; nos resultats nous ont permis de confirmer l'interet de l'etude de la salive des patients apres traitement : la persistance ou la reapparition de methylations precedant la rechute tumorale. Au niveau tumoral, la presence de methylations n'a pas de valeur pronostique.
Protein Structure Prediction: A Practical Approach

1. : Protein structure prediction - principles and approaches. 2. : Protein sequence alignment and database scanning. 3. : Identification of protein sequence motifs. 4. : Prediction of secondary structure. 5. : Prediction of transmembrane protein topology. 6. : Comparative modelling of proteins. 7. : Antibody combining sites: structure and prediction. 8. : Protein folds and their recognition from sequence. 9. : The combinatorial approach. 10. : Modelling protein conformation by molecular mechanics and dynamics. 11. : Docking ligands to proteins. 12. : The prediction challenge
In silico und in vitro Screening von Proteinliganden zur Apoptoseinduktion

Our doubts are traitors, And make us lose the good we oft might win, By fearing to attempt. Optimierungsprozessen in weitere Stufen der Entwicklung eintreten. Summary SUMMARY Nowadays, cancer research is focused on the overcoming of survival strategies of malign tumors. Therapeutic approaches have to be individualised, due to the complexity of oncogene transformation and cell proliferation. In the present work, computer based methods lead to the identification of novel apoptosis inducing molecules, whose potency should be validated in in vitro experiments. Novel compounds, which induce apoptosis in cancer cells, could be identified on the basis of three projects. Inhibitors for the COP9 signalosome (CSN) associated kinases CK2 and PKD could be discovered using curcumin and emodin as lead compounds. The treatment of recombinant kinases, the purified CSN complex or tumor cells with the indicated inhibitors, led to the inhibition of kinase activity or the sta-bilisation of the tumorsuppressor p53 and the destabilisation of c-Jun towards the ubiquitin-and proteasome-dependent proteolytic degradation in different cell lines. Investigations concerning the mechanism-of-action of betulinic acid (BA) should give information about the function of the Bcl-2 protein family in the BA induced cell death. The experiments, which are focused on the mitochondrial signalling pathway, revealed that BA induces apoptosis in an almost independent manner with regards to the pro-and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, but dependent on the presence of activated caspases. A direct effect on the mitochondria and the initiation of an amplification loop , which leads to an activation of Bax/Bak and can be inhibited by Bcl-2/Bcl-x L , explains the partial dependence of BA induced apoptosis on the proteins of the Bcl-2 family. Via an in silico screening and the utilisation of a new property filter, novel BA analogues could be identified. For the first time, the data of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) is employed to evaluate results from the in silico screening. The data is collected during a cancer screen, which provides growth inhibition values for over 40 000 compounds in 60 tumor cell lines. The hit rate and the efficiency of the in silico screening could be improved by using this additional property filter. In the third project two novel Bcl-2 inhibitors have been identified via in silico screenings, docking experiments and in vitro screenings, which are performed at the moment. The insertion of a photo-switchable compound to the amino acid side chain of an α-helical peptide from the pro-apoptotic …
Soil chemical properties, rather than landscape context, influence woodland fungal communities along an urban-rural gradient

With the expansion of cities around the world there is a growing interest in the factors that influence biodiversity and ecosystem processes in urban areas. Fungi are exceptionally diverse and play key roles in ecosystem function, yet despite predictions of negative impacts due to urbanization, fungi have been generally overlooked in urban ecological studies. We surveyed fungi in 16 remnant river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis: Myrtaceae) woodlands along a gradient of 4–35 km from the city of Melbourne (south-east Australia). Using both sporocarp surveys and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP; primer pair ITS1-F-ITS4), we examined relationships between fungal community composition, landscape context (i.e. urbanization) and soil physicochemical properties. Community compositions from sporocarp data were significantly correlated with those from T-RFLP data, largely because of correlations with ectomycorrhizal sporocarps (Spearman rank correlation coefficients ρ 0.31–0.42) rather than saprotrophic fungi (ρ 0.18–0.21). Principal components analysis of soil properties and non-metric multidimensional scaling ordinations of fungal community composition showed no clear separation of sites according to urbanization, and there were no significant correlations between fungal community composition and urbanization. However, fungal community composition was significantly correlated with soil chemical properties (ρ 0.41–0.55). These data suggest that site-scale soil properties, and associated effects of past and current land management activities, were more important in determining fungal community composition than the landscape-level influences of urbanization.
The research of spleen immune function and the influence of spleen to bloodcurrent

Spleen is maximal immune organ in hunman body.It has many immunocompetent cells and factors.The characteristic of anatomy make spleen to be the most important immune and regulative apparatus.The spleen has the function of anti-infection and anti_tumor,and also can clean up old RBC,and degrate the viscosity of PLT.So the spleen can lead to the changed of blood current.The review article would discuss from the histologic and reciprocal function.
Soilborne wheat mosaic virus.

The information given herein is for educational purposes only. References to commercial products or trade names are made with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement by Texas AgriLife Extension Service personnel is implied. Educational programs of the Texas AgriLife Extension Service are open to all people without regard to race, color, sex, disability, religion, age, or national origin. The Texas A&M University System, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the County Commissioners Courts of Texas Cooperating Soilborne Wheat Mosaic Virus
Tracking and detection of transplanted neural stem cells by the use of fMRI

Neural stem cells(NSCs) are a kind of cells, which come from nerve tissue with self-renewal and potentials of multiple differentiations [1] . Applications of NSCs for therapy of neurological conditions, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, or stroke, are particularly appealing as damage of the central nervous system is irreversible and the efficacy of conventional therapy is limited [2] . With the development of molecular imaging, tracking and detection of transplanted NSCs have become a breakthrough of recent studies. Recent studies have focused on the application of functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) to trace and detect NSCs. This article will discuss the application of fMRI on the tracking and detection of NSCs after transplantation. discuss the application of on the tracking and detection of NSCs
Primate Brain Evolution: Methods and Concepts

Considerations of Homology and the Visual System. - Some Questions and Problems Related to Homology. - Reconstructing the Evolution of the Brain in Primates through the Use of Comparative Neurophysiological and Neuroanatomical Data. - Allometric Considerations. - Some Cautionary Notes on Making Inferences about Relative Brain Size. - Allometric Approaches to the Evolution of the Primate Nervous System. - The Relativity of Relative Brain Measures and Hominid Mosaic Evolution. - Allometry, Brain Size, Cortical Surface, and Convolutedness. - Ontogenetic Perspectives. - Encephalization and Obstetrics in Primates with Particular Reference to Human Evolution. - The Role of Brain Maturation in the Evolution of the Primates. - The Development of the Primate Pulvinar. - Approaches from Cytoarchitectonics. - Mosaic Evolution in the Primate Brain: Differences and Similarities in the Hominid Thalamus. - Brain Organization and Taxonomic Relationships in Insectivora and Primates. - Quantitative Cytoarchitectonics of the Cerebral Cortices of Several Prosimian Species. - Role of Architectonics and Connections in the Study of Primate Brain Evolution. - A Paleoneurological Perspective. - Mapping Fossil Endocasts. - Early Primate Brain Evolution. - A Study of Cerebral Vascular Evolution in Primates. - Asymmetries of the Brains and Skulls of Nonhuman Primates. - Theoretical Overviews. - Neurobiological Aspects in the Phylogenetic Acquisition of Speech. - On the Origin and Progressive Evolution of the Triune Brain. - List of Contributors. - Author Index.
Soyabean looper and cabbage looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) populations in cotton and soyabean cropping systems in Mississippi.

Colonization and abundance of soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), and cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), adults and larvae were monitored in cotton and soybean cropping systems in the Delta region of Mississippi for three growing seasons (1994–1996). Soybean looper and cabbage looper adults were initially observed in pheromone traps during the last week of May or first week of June, although adults may have been present in the collection area prior to trap establishment. Adult populations of both species remained low until early August, after which moth density increased coincident with the bloom stages of cotton and soybean. Larvae were first collected from the crops when plants were in bloom, with the greatest increase in population density occurring in early to mid-August. Although samples were not taken after mid-August, looper populations generally decline to low levels during September in Mississippi. More soybean looper larvae usually were collected from soybean than in cotton, .
Potentiel thérapeutique de neurones dopaminergiques dérivés de cellules souches embryonnaires de souris dans un modèle murin de la maladie de Parkinson

La maladie de Parkinson (MP) est caracterisee essentiellement par la perte progressive des neurones dopaminergiques (DA) de la substance noire parse compacte (SNpc) qui innervent le striatum et controlent les mouvements volontaires. Une des approches therapeutiques de la MP est la transplantation ectopique de precurseurs DA fœtaux issus du mesencephale ventral (MV) dans le striatum. Il est peu probable que la transplantation des neurones DA du MV humain devienne un traitement de routine de la MP en raison de problemes d’approvisionnement et de standardisation de tissus pour la transplantation. L’avenir de ces greffes depend donc de l’obtention de sources alternatives de tissus. L’objectif de ce projet est d’obtenir des neurones DA issus de cellules souches embryonnaires de souris et d’evaluer leur potentiel therapeutique en les greffant dans le striatum ou la SN dans un modele murin de la MP. Afin d’augmenter le nombre de neurones DA du type nigral, l’expression de LMX1A, un facteur de transcription jouant un role cle dans le developpement embryonnaire des progeniteurs des neurones DA du MV, a ete forcee. Nous avons montre que, in vitro, LMX1A induit une augmentation de precurseurs et de neurones DA du type nigral. Apres transplantation dans la SN ou le striatum, les cellules survivent, expriment des marqueurs de neurones DA du type nigral et projettent vers le striatum. L’expression forcee de LMX1A semble augmenter, in vivo, la proportion de neurones DA matures responsables d’une reduction des deficits moteurs apres transplantation dans le striatum.
Role of biopesticides in crop protection: present status and future prospects

The sharp increase in the use of chemical pesticides in India in recent years has resulted in severe implications in the development of insecticidal resistance in key pest species, pesticide residues in food chain, degradation in the quality of ecosystem and human health. Microbials such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, nematodes and plant products are the major biopesticides that were studied mostly to develop alternatives to chemicals. In India, biopesticide science is not anew tool and is as old as human civilization back to prehistoric days. Though biopesticides cover only about 1% of the total plant protection products globally, their number and the growth rate have been showing an increasing trend in the past two decades.
Population Breeding Methods in Pearl Millet Improvement (Pennisetum americanum).

The population improvement programme at ICRISAT is described, the 2 major methods of selection being half-sib and S1. The former is used on less important composites as it is less resource consuming; the latter employs 2-stage progeny testing. It incorporates selection for resistance to Sclerospora graminicola and Tolyposporium penicillariae. An experiment is described in which 4 methods of selection were compared in a single composite, with up to 6 cycles of selection. Response to selection was poor with all methods, and there were no significant differences between the methods. Two cycles of selection using reciprocal recurrent selection were carried out in 2 pairs of populations. Although the individual performances of the populations improved, there was no improvement in interpopulation performance. Comparisons of composite bulks and varieties derived from them are described. The varieties were formed using a higher selection intensity than that used to produce the composite bulk. Varieties from later cycles of the composites were higher yielding than those from earlier cycles. When single progenies or a number of progenies were used to form varieties, the multi-progeny varieties outyielded the single progeny varieties as they had less inbreeding depression. The optimum strategy for producing varieties is dicussed.
Expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is up-regulated following West Nile virus infection (WNV): implication for a role in innate immune responses (VIR1P.968)

Activation of TREM-1 signaling via adaptor protein DAP12 is important for inflammation and activation of antigen presenting cells, however little is known about its role in viral infections. Innate immune responses are essential for the control of Flaviviruses including WNV, which has emerged as a significant cause of viral encephalitis in humans. Here, we investigated the effect of Flavivirus infection on the expression of TREMs and its potential role in production of cytokines. We show that expression of TREM-1 was markedly increased in dengue virus-infected THP-1 cells, which correlated with peak viral titers. Similarly, WNV infection significantly increased the mRNA levels of TREM-1 in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), BMDM and BMDC. In vivo characterization of TREMs in mice demonstrated significant up-regulation in the transcripts of TREM-1, -3 and -4 in the peritoneal cavity cells and brain at day 3 and 8 after WNV infection respectively. Interestingly, serum levels of soluble-TREM-1 also increased significantly at days 2-3 after infection. Further, activation of TREM-1 using an agonist antibody increased mRNA of WNV-induced cytokines such as IFN-α, TNF-α and IL-6 in MEFs, which decreased following blocking of TREM-1. Collectively, our results for the first time document response of TREMs to Flavivirus infection and indicate a novel role of TREM-1 in modulating inflammatory response to WNV. Further studies are ongoing to define role of TREM-1 in WNV disease outcome.
Marine fish behaviour in capture and abundance estimation

Fish behaviour in longlining behaviour of crustaceans and fish in relation to pots the effects of trawl performance and fish behaviour on the catching efficiency of demersal sampling trawls by-catch reduction in trawls by using behavioural differences swimming behaviour of pelagic fish schools in connection with fish capture by purse seines and pelagic trawls sources of error in abundance estimation of fish abundance estimation using bottom gill net and longlines - the role of fish behaviour factors affecting the reliability of abundance estimates of ground fish from bottom trawl surveys recent developments in acoustic instrumentation for behavioural studies.
Development of semantic memory ability through the training of related networks in students with autism spectrum disorder

Recibido: 17 de marzo de 2017 | Aceptado: 26 de junio de 2017 Este estudio presenta el análisis de la efectividad de un programa, cuya finalidad es facilitar el desarrollo de la memoria semántica y sus relaciones en estudiantes con trastorno del espectro autista, diseñado bajo los principios teóricos de la teoría de la percepción y la teoría de la coherencia central cognitiva. Para llevarlo a cabo, se ha utilizado un diseño experimental pretests-programa-postests de dos grupos, uno experimental y otro de control, en el cual han participado 14 estudiantes de 13 años de edad, distribuidos equitativamente entre ambos grupos. Los resultados muestran que el programa responde positivamente a los objetivos de la investigación, ya que los estudiantes que integran el grupo experimental han mejorado significativamente en relación con sus pares del grupo control.
Nest defence and egg rejection in great reed warblers over the breeding cycle: are they synchronised with the risk of brood parasitism?

In avian host–brood parasite co-evolution, hosts develop antiparasite defence mechanisms against the brood parasite. Great reed warblers (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) exhibit intensive nest defence against common cuckoos (Cuculus canorus) and moderate egg rejection. Rejection of model cuckoo eggs is about two times greater than real eggs. Great reed warblers attacked a mounted cuckoo at nests in similarly high frequencies over the breeding cycle (86%–93%), but rejection rates of non-mimetic model cuckoo eggs increased from laying until early incubation from 69% to 92%, then decreased to 44% in late incubation. Temporal changes in the risk of parasitism were followed by the changes in egg rejection suggesting that egg rejection behaviour is primarily a risk-sensitive adaptation to brood parasitism, although hosts were not able to switch off egg rejection totally in the risk-free periods. In contrast, nest defence seems to be the compound effect of antiparasite defence and predator avoidance.
Sam68, stress granules, and translational control of HIV-1 nef mRNA

s: Henao-Mejia J, Liu Y, Park IW, Zhang J, Sanford J, He JJ. Suppression of HIV-1 Nef Translation by Sam68 Mutant-Induced Stress Granules and nef mRNA Sequestration. The 16 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Montreal, 2/07-2/12, 2009. Broxmeyer HE, Basu S, Clapp W, Cooper S, Hangoc G, Henao J, Pulliam A. Targeting Surface and intracellular molecules and the chemokine pathway for the mobilization and/or engraftment. Scientific committee on transfusion medicine. 2006.
Genetic diversity in Canadian, mountain and moorland, and Nordic pony populations

ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . iv LIST OF TABLES . vii LIST OF FIGURES . viii LIST OF APPENDICES . ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . x 1.0 General Introduction . 1 2.0 Literature Review . 4 2.1. Conservation genetics . 4 2.2. Equine breeds and populations . 7 2.2.1. Canadian populations . 8 2.2.1.1. The Canadian horse . 9 2.2.1.2. The Lac La Croix pony . 9 2.2.1.3. The Newfoundland pony . 10 2.2.1.4. The Sable Island population . 10 2.2.2. Feral equine populations . 11 2.2.2.1. The Grand Turk equine population . 11 2.2.2.2. The Saint-Pierre et Miquelon population . 12 2.2. 3. The Mountain and Moorland breeds . 12 2.2. 3.1. The Connemara pony . 13 2.2. 3.2. The Dale pony . 13 2.2. 3.3. The Dartmoor pony . 14 2.2. 3.4. The Eriskay pony . 14 2.2. 3.5. The Exmoor pony . 15 2.2. 3.6. The Fell pony . 15 2.2. 3.7. The Highland pony . 16 2.2. 3.8. The Kerry Bog pony . 16 2.2. 3.9. The New Forest pony . 17 2.2. 3.10. The Shetland pony . 17 2.2. 3.11. The Welsh pony . 18 2.2. 4. The Nordic breeds . 19 2.2. 4.1. The Icelandic . 19 2.2. 4.2. The Norwegian Fjord . 20