Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ephedra - A C to Java Migration Environment: Approaches, case studies and tools for migrating legacy systems from C and C++ to Java

In this book, Dr. Johannes Martin surveys and evaluates a selection of approaches to the migration of source code to Java. To narrow the scope to a reasonable limit, he focusses on the C and C++ programming languages as the source languages. Many mature programs and program libraries exist in these languages that may be useful in a Java environment. The survey of current migration approaches reveals a number of their restrictions and disadvantages in the context of moving program libraries to Java and integrating them with Java programs. Using the experiences from this survey, Dr. Martin established a number of goals for an improved migration approach and developed the Ephedra approach by closely following these goals. To show the practicality of this approach, he implemented an automated tool that performs the migration according to the Ephedra approach and evaluated the migration process and its result with respect to the goals he established using selected case studies. The code resulting from a migration with Ephedra is maintainable and functionally equivalent to the original code save some well documented exceptions. Performance trade-offs are analysed and evaluated.
The Algorithmic of Components Auto-classification and System Development of Electronic Components

This paper research on the algorithmic of components auto-classification and system development based on analyzing the graph and physics characters of electronic components. A accuracy detection algorithmic for the straight line is been developed by combining the least square method and Hough Switch, which can pick up exactly the borderline of components. We also designed a rapid circle detection algorithmic which can detect the buzzer directly, and a new detection algorithmic of pin number for solving the problem of high density pin and noise sensitivity. It is proved by many experiments , the algorithmic have so many advantage as followed: real-time processing, the average discrimination of 90% and fault tolerance, etc. it can satisfy the needs of users.
Adaptive Traffic Distribution on Parallel LSPs Based on the Minimization of Total Traffic Delay

The introduction of MPLS into Internet makes the Internet traffic engineering possible.It is important to balance the traffic load among several parallel explicit LSPs so as to avoid congestion and optimize the network capacity.The total traffic delay is the most valuable and practicable optimization object for traffic engineering.By analysing the constraint relationship between average packet delay and traffic load,the existence of optimum solution is proved and its mathematical result is gotten.Anovel adaptive traffic contribution method based on such optimization object is proposed in the paper.Both theoretical analyses and simulation bear out the merits of simpleness.speediness and convergence.
Computational Contributions: A Symbiotic Approach to Integrating Big, Observational Data Studies into the Communication Field

ABSTRACT Though there is growing enthusiasm for computational research methods in the field of communication, research using computational methods is not yet integrated into mainstream communication research. This paper promotes such integration by highlighting niche for computational research within communication – the specialized roles it can play in symbiosis with researchers using other methods in the field. This paper articulates this niche via the computational communication researcher’s specific comparative advantages for testing existing communication theory and generating novel communication theoretic ideas. It then proposes four recommendations for performing and evaluating computational communication research to facilitate meeting these objectives.
The Different Meanings of Land in the Age of Neoliberalism: Theoretical Reflections on Commons and Resilience Grabbing from a Social Anthropological Perspective

Recent debates in social anthropology on land acquisitions highlight the need to go further back in history in order to analyse their impacts on local livelihoods. The debate over the commons in economic and ecological anthropology helps us understand some of today’s dynamics by looking at precolonial common property institutions and the way they were transformed by Western colonization to state property and then, later in the age of neoliberalism, to privatization and open access. This paper focuses on Africa and refers to the work of critical scholars who show that traditional land tenure was misinterpreted as customary tenure without full property rights, while a broader literature on the commons shows that common-pool resources (pasture, fisheries, wildlife, forestry etc.) have been effectively managed by locally-developed common property institutions. This misinterpretation continues to function as a legacy in both juridical and popular senses. Moreover, the transformation of political systems and the notion of customary land tenure produced effects of central importance for today’s investment context. During colonial times a policy of indirect rule based on new elites was created to manage customary lands of so-called native groups who could use the land as long as it was of no value to the state. However, this land formally remained in the hands of the state, which also claimed to manage common-pool resources through state institutions. The neoliberal policies that are now demanded by donor agencies have had two consequences for land and land-related common-pool resources. On the one hand, states often lack the financial means to enforce their own natural resource legislation and this has led to de facto open access. On the other hand, land legally fragmented from its common-pool resources has been transformed from state to private property. This has enabled new elites and foreign investors to claim private property on formerly commonly-held land, which also leads to the loss of access to land related common-pool resources for more marginal local actors. Thus, the paper argues that this process does not just lead to land grabbing but to commons grabbing as well. This has furthermore undermined the resilience and adaptive capacity of local populations because access to common-pool resources is vital for the livelihoods of more marginal groups, especially in times of crisis. Comparative studies undertaken on floodplains in Botswana, Cameroon, Mali, Tanzania and Zambia based on a New Institutional Political Ecology (NIPE) approach illustrate this process and its impacts and show how institutional transformations are key to understanding the impacts of large-scale land acquisitions (LSLA) and investments in Africa.
Do fiscal rules breed inequality? First evidence for the EU

Research into the effects of fiscal rules has so far focused on their budgetary impact. Possible unwanted side effects of having fiscal rules have gone largely unexplored. This is unfortunate since such side effects are highly probable. For instance, governments attempting to abide by a fiscal rule might curb social expenditure; and this could lead to a higher level of income inequality. We test this hypothesis with data from the Standardized World Income Inequality Database (SWIID) and a new set of fiscal rules dummy variables for EU countries. We find that after 'hard' rules, i.e. rules that are reinforced by sanctions and/or automatic correction mechanisms, have been in place for several years, the amount of redistribution in a country declines, leading to an increase in inequality based on disposable income measures.
Fixed Doses Combinations Acting on Cardiovascular System - Utilization and Generic Competition

Aims: To analyze the impact of introduction of new fixed dose combinations (FDCs) in the Positive drug list on both the reference price and the utilization of reimbursed cardiovascular (CV) medicines. Study Design: It is a retrospective and observational analysis of the changes in reimbursed fixed dose combinations (FDCs) acting on cardiovascular system (CVS). Place and Duration of Study: Medical University of Sofia, Faculty of Pharmacy for the period 2009-2013. Methodology: On total 18 INNs (international nonproprietary name) in different combinations belonging to 6 anatomic therapeutic chemical (ATC) groups (ACE-inhibitor and diuretic, Caantagonists and ACE-inhibitors, sartan and diuretics, Ca-antagonist and statin, two diuretics, bblocker and diuretic); 60 dosage forms, and 104 trademarks were analyzed for changes in the prices and utilization after the inclusion in the Positive drug list (PDL). Results: The number of the new generic medicines included in PDL is highest for the group of ACE Original Research Article Mitkova et al.; AIR, 8(2): 1-14, 2016; Article no.AIR. 29264 2 -inhibitors and diuretics, angiotensin receptor blockers (AT receptor blockers, ARBs, sartans) and diuretics. Many new generic molecules as FDCs enter the PDL, thus leading to decrease in the reference price, because of generic competition. The decrease is significant in the new therapeutic groups. The changes in utilization calculated as defined daily dose (DDD)/1000 inhabitants/day show higher utilization in 2013 for the groups of ACE inhibitors and diuretics and AT receptor blockers and diuretics (Enalapril/ Hydrochlorthiazide (HCTZ), Perindopril/ Indapamide, Valsartan/HCTZ, Losartan/ HCTZ). Conclusion: The study confirms that in Bulgaria the generic and therapeutic competition has increased during 2009-2013. It leads to significant price decrease and changes in the trends in utilization of the FDC in cardiology.
Simulation and analysis of neuro-memristive hybrid circuits

The aim of this dissertation is to conduct a preparatory study on the feasibility of hybrid systems of biological neural networks and memristive devices. Research in memristive or resistive switching devices has recently been fruitful in producing nanometer scale and durable devices. This recent development coupled with mass producing techniques has enabled to research their applications on other areas. Most notably, the ability to change their resistance according to the input’s history is currently being used to develop commercially feasible electronic memories and on research level, develop algorithms and hardware that mimics certain characteristics of the nervous system. State of the art bioengineering research at the cellular level is paving the way for applications that can fine control the electrical activity of biological neural networks and in the near future, both these areas of research will be developed enough to experimentally test these hypothetical hybrid systems. Among the many biomedical applications of these hybrid systems, it is expected that they will play a fundamental role in providing the technology for novel implantable and adaptive therapeutic electrodes. The relevant literature is introduced concerning the electrical activity of neurons, neural networks and the general properties of memristive devices. With the basis established, in this dissertation, it is numerically analyzed the uses of memristive devices as synapses with analytical and numerical models and subsequently, propose memristive properties that need to be characterized for any further work in this subject. Because the available models are not detailed enough for many predictive conclusions, generic hybrid systems are proposed, that take advantage of adaption and synchronization.
Globalization, Market Power, and the Natural Interest Rate

We argue that strong globalization forces have been an important determinant of global real interest rates over the last five decades, as they have been key drivers of changes in the natural real interest rate—i.e. the interest rate consistent with output at its potential and constant inflation. An important implication of our analysis is that increased competition in goods and labor market since the 1970s can help explain both the large increase in real interest rates up to the mid-1980s and—as globalization forces mature and may even go into reverse, leading to incrementally rising market power—its subsequent and protracted decline accompanied by lower inflation. The analysis has important implications for monetary policy and the optimal pace of normalization.
Legal Intelligence Through Artificial Intelligence Requires Emotional Intelligence: A New Competency Model for the 21st Century Legal Professional

The nature of legal services is drastically changing given the rise in the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning. Legal education and training models are beginning to recognize the need to incorporate skill building in data and technology platforms, but they have lost sight of a core competency for lawyers: problem-solving and decision-making skills to counsel clients on how best to meet their desired goals and needs. In 2014, Amani Smathers introduced the legal field to the concept of the T-shaped lawyer. The T-shaped lawyer stems from the concept of T-shaped professionals who have a depth of knowledge in their chosen discipline and a breadth of knowledge in other tangentially related disciplines in order to enhance collaboration with other professionals. The concept of a T-shaped lawyer recognizes that lawyers not only need in-depth legal knowledge and skills but an understanding of data, technology, project management, and process improvement to be competent legal professionals. The T-shaped lawyer brought attention to the need for lawyers and law students to expand their training and begin learning about artificial intelligence, design thinking, data analytics, and more. However, the T-shaped lawyer obscures the core competency of decision-making and problem-solving. This paper introduces the Delta Model for legal professional competency that not only recognizes the need for lawyers to have deep legal knowledge and skills, as well as an understanding of data and technology, but also recognizes the need for emotional intelligence in decision-making and problem-solving. The Delta Model could reshape how we approach legal education and lawyer training, providing a structure that more accurately reflects the breadth of skills that a twenty-first-century lawyer needs.
Free Trade Areas and Rules of Origin : Economics and Politics

Incorporating intermediate inputs into a small-union general-equilibrium model, this paper first develops the welfare economics of preferential trading under the rules of origin (ROO) and then demonstrates that the ROO could improve the political viability of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). Two interesting outcomes are derived. First, a welfare reducing FTA that was rejected in the absence of the ROO becomes feasible in the presence of these rules. Second, a welfare improving FTA that was rejected in the absence of the ROO is endorsed in their presence, but upon endorsement it becomes welfare inferior relative to the status quo.
STUDENT TEAMS-ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILL

Acquiring writing skill needs a lot of practices, and to produce a piece of writing needs a long process; hence, the appropriate method of the teaching and learning is very important to help students master writing skill. This article aims at reporting a research on the implementation of Student Teams-Achievement Division (STAD) as an alternative teaching method to improve students’ writing skill. Through Classroom Action Research design, the researcher did the research at fourth semester students of English Education study program of STAIN Kediri in academic year 2012-1013. The research procedures are planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. The findings show that the implementation of STAD can improve the students’ writing skill which were indicated by the high percentage of the students’ active involvement and positive response on the implementation, and the students’ product of writing in which all of writing components can achieve good level in marking scheme as the minimum level.
Lexical Based Sentiment Analysis - Verb, Adverb & Negation

Sentiment analysis is a method to determine whether the feedback given by the user is positive or negative. The comments posted by users consists noisy text which includes abbreviations, misspelling and short forms. Sentiment analysis becomes challenging when dealing with noisy data. The objective of this paper is to introduce a lexical based method in classifying sentiment of Facebook comments in Malay language. Two types of lexical based techniques namely Term Counting and Term Counting Average are implemented in order to classify the sentiment of Facebook comments. Several parts of speech tags are being taken into account. Pre-processing process is involved in dealing noisy texts in data. Term Counting works better for adjectives and adverbs while Term Counting Average performs better for verbs and negation words.
Process Evaluation Tool Development and Fidelity of Healthy Retail Interventions in American Indian Tribally Owned Convenience Stores: the Tribal Health Resilience in Vulnerable Environments (THRIVE) Study

ABSTRACT Background The Tribal Health Resilience in Vulnerable Environments (THRIVE) study aimed to increase healthy food access in 2 rural American Indian communities. The intervention sought to increase fruit and vegetable availability, variety, and convenience through placement, promotion, and pricing of healthy foods and beverages in tribal convenience stores. Objective The aim of this study was to describe the development and implementation of the study process evaluation tool to assess intervention fidelity as part of this cluster-controlled trial. Methods Eight stores (2 intervention and 2 control stores per Nation) participated in the study, implemented from May 2016 to May 2017. A web-based survey tailored to store layouts and intervention components assessed how often intervention items were available, approximate quantity available, and whether placement of healthier food items and promotional materials were implemented as designed. After pilot testing the survey, tribal staff members implemented it to collect process evaluation data in the 8 stores during a period of 9–12 mo, assessing study implementation and potential changes in control stores. Results Promotional materials were available ≥75% of the time for most intervention locations. Fruit availability was similar in Nation A and Nation B intervention stores (79–100% compared with 70–100%), whereas fresh vegetable availability was higher in Nation B compared with Nation A (95–96% compared with 55–75%). Both control stores in Nation A and 1 control store in Nation B had moderate fruit and vegetable availability, ranging from 45% to 52%. No control stores in either Nation used intervention promotional materials. Conclusions Process evaluation data indicate that the study was implemented with moderate to high fidelity. The development and implementation of the tool can inform future healthy retail interventions that aim to improve rural and tribal food environments.
Threefold policies for bank development: Do independence and transparency matter?

A well-developed banking sector is crucial to achieve a sustained economic growth. To attain this goal, both central banks and government have embraced operational and institutional arrangements. In this paper, I offer an empirical lookup on how monetary independence and transparency of macroprudential and fiscal policies are linked to bank development. Drawing upon a panel dataset for the period 1998-2014, I find that both macroprudential transparency (proxied by central bank financial stability transparency) and fiscal transparency are positively related to the share of credit granted by banks to the private sector, implying that more transparency enhances bank development. More independence from central banks seems, however, to decrease the ratio of bank credit to GDP. By considering interactions, the marginal effect of central bank financial stability transparency on bank credit/GDP, conditional on the levels of independence, is positive but decreases under a particular range of independence values. If central bank independence interacts with fiscal transparency, the marginal effect of fiscal transparency is positive and significant over a specific range of the degree of central bank independence but there is no statistical support that the marginal effect decreases within the same range unless I use the independence index of Garriga (2016).
How Does Taxation Affect Hours Worked in EU New Member States?

Hours worked vary widely across countries and over time. In this paper, we investigate the role played by taxation in explaining these differences for EU New Member States. By extending a standard growth model with novel data on consumption and labor taxes, we assess the evolution of trends in hours worked over the 1995-2017 period. We find that the inclusion of tax rates in the model significantly improves the tracking of hours. We also estimate the elasticity of hours (and its different margins) to quantify the deadweight loss introduced by consumption and labor taxes. We find that these taxes explain a large share of labor supply differences across EU New Member States and that the potential gains from policy actions are noteworthy.
Phenomenological considerations of metacontrast masking

This thesis enriches the understanding of metacontrast masking as multidimensional phenomenon on the basis of phenomenological, behavioral as well as neurophysiological data. The phenomenological investigations (Experiment 1-2) depict the perception of seven qualitative different target aspects, regarding the perceived temporal distance of both stimuli (Target inside Mask, Target before Mask), the perceived contrast (Dark Target, Bright Target, No Target) and apparent motion perceptions (Rotation, Expansion). The unique relationships of these perceptions with SOA and Congruency showed that the experience of the target varies qualitatively in a metacontrast masking paradigm. This contradicts with the assumption that variations of the SOA influence the awareness of the target only quantitative, as indicated by one-dimensional objective and subjective measures. The underestimation of the target perception by objective measures is also indicated by the relationship between discrimination performance and the perception of the different target aspects (Experiment 2). In accordance to the phenomenological variety in the perception of the target, evidence for different processes was provided by the results of Experiment 3. Regarding these results, it seems to be inappropriate to conceptualize metacontrast masking as a unitary process underlying the whole range of SOAs. Instead, metacontrast can be defined as multidimensional phenomenon with three different processes underlying short and long SOAs. The process underling short SOAs was associated with two perceptions, which were found to depend on each other, the perceptions of a target integrated inside the mask and an expansion. At long SOAs, evidence for two independent processes was found, eliciting the perceptions of a rotation and a target temporally segregated from the mask. Finally, electrophysiological results supported the assumption that the perceptions at long SOAs were reflected by two distinct mechanisms, since unique neural signatures were found for both (Experiment 4).