Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cost-effectiveness of MRI compared to mammography for breast cancer screening in a high risk population.

6060 Background: Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a sensitive method of breast imaging virtually uninfluenced by breast density. Because of the improved sensitivity, breast MRI is increasingly being used for detection of breast cancer among high risk young women. However, the specificity of breast MRI is variable and costs are high. The purpose of this study was to determine if breast MRI is a cost-effective approach for the detection of breast cancer among young women at high risk. METHODS A Markov model was created to compare annual breast cancer screening over 25 years with either breast MRI or mammography among young women at high risk. Data from published studies provided probabilities for the model including sensitivity and specificity of each screening strategy. Costs were based on Medicare reimbursement rates for hospital and physician services while medication costs were obtained from the Federal Supply Scale. Utilities from the literature were applied to each health outcome in the model including a disutility for the temporary health state following breast biopsy for a false positive test result. The analysis was performed from the payer perspective with results reported in 2005 U.S. dollars. Univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses addressed uncertainty in all model parameters. RESULTS Breast MRI provided 23.287 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) at a cost of $30,317 while mammography provided 23.141 QALYs at a cost of $7,895 over 25 years of screening. The cost-effectiveness ratios for the two strategies were $1302 and $341, respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of breast MRI compared to mammography was $131,376/QALY. In univariate analysis, breast MRI screening became <$50,000/QALY when the cost of the MRI was <$405. In the probabilistic sensitivity analysis, MRI screening produced a net benefit of +0.146 QALYs (95% central range: -0.825 QALYs to +1.378 QALYs). However, breast MRI screening was superior in <1%, <$50,000/QALY in 27%, >$50,000/QALY in 32%, and inferior in 41% of 10,000 probabilistic Monte Carlo simulations. CONCLUSIONS Breast MRI provides a net benefit when compared to mammographic screening for high risk women, however, this approach does not appear to be cost-effective at this time. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Effects of Glyphosate on the Growth Rate of Chlorella

The unicellular green alga, Chlorella sorokiniana Shihira and Krauss, was cultured in vitro using an inorganic growth medium with various concentrations of the herbicide glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine]. Growth rates, in terms of ceil doublings per day, were determined for cells inoculated into media containing from 5.91 × 10−6 M to 591 × 10−6M glyphosate. Comparisons with a control, which supported 10.4 doublings/day, showed growth only slightly reduced at 5.91 × 10−6M and 11.8 × 10−6M, with averages of 9.7 and 9.5 doublings/day; reduced by more than half at 17.7 × 10−6M with an average of 4.4 doublings/day; and prevented at all higher concentrations. In addition to completely preventing growth at 23.7 × 10−6M and above, glyphosate seemed to cause a deterioration of the inoculum cells. Filtering the media containing 5.91 × 10−6M, 11.8 × 10−6M, and 17.7 × 10−6M through kaolinite prior to introduction of the alga reduced the inhibition previously noted at 17.7 × 10−6M and resulted in growth rates from 9.1 to 9.5 doublings/day.
Social event detection with interaction graph modeling

This paper focuses on detecting social, physical-world events from photos posted on social media sites. The problem is important: cheap media capture devices have significantly increased the number of photos shared on these sites. The main contribution of this paper is to incorporate online social interaction features in the detection of physical events. We believe that online social interaction reflect important signals among the participants on the "social affinity" of two photos, thereby helping event detection. We compute social affinity via a random-walk on a social interaction graph to determine similarity between two photos on the graph. We train a support vector machine classifier to combine the social affinity between photos and photo-centric metadata including time, location, tags and description. Incremental clustering is then used to group photos to event clusters. We have very good results on two large scale real-world datasets: Upcoming and MediaEval. We show an improvement between 0.06-0.10 in F1 on these datasets.
Usability Enhancements for the DVERT Simulator Architecture

This paper describes the continuation of an earlier initiative to develop a distributed, real-time radar simulator at MIT Lincoln Laboratory. The project consisted of updating the existing simulator code developed during the previous project to eliminate race conditions and to allow it to function in a distributed setting. In addition to identifying and eliminating race conditions, the middleware layer of the simulator was also reconfigured and tested in order to enable distributed communication between multiple machines. The current project required a substantial amount of debugging and testing in order to identify the issues present in the existing simulator and create solutions to address these problems.
Investigating Operating Modes and Converter Options of Dual Winding Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

This paper investigates the operating modes and converter options of dual winding permanent magnet synchronous machines (DWPMSMs) that are used to drive accessories in hybrid electric vehicles. In this application, DWPMSM operate in three different modes: motor-only; generator-only; and simultaneous motor-generator modes. Motor-only and generator-only operations can be treated independently as long as two winding sets are magnetically decoupled. Simultaneous motor-generator mode links two winding sets through a mechanical shaft. As part of this study, the impact of dual winding set usage on the machine's output and performance is also investigated. Experimental results are given for each mode. The converter options of generator winding were investigated as well. These options include uncontrolled rectifier with dc-dc converter and controlled rectifier. Two converters are compared for their impacts on efficiency and generator current harmonics. The relationship between speed and converter control variable is given for various back electromotive force constant values of the DWPMSM.
Effect of KRAS mutational status on disease behavior and treatment outcome in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: intratumor heterogeneity and mutational status.

Background Nowadays, the outcomes of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) have considerably improved. Genetic studies evaluating KRAS mutational status are important in the personalized therapy era to understand disease heterogeneity, disease behaviors, and treatment outcomes. Methods This multicenter retrospective study evaluated 360 patients with mCRC treated at three oncology centers in Saudi Arabia and Egypt between February 2011 and December 2015. Patients were treated with bevacizumab and cetuximab according to guidelines. Therapy outcome, time to progression, and disease-associated death were assessed. KRAS mutational status was evaluated by testing exons 12 and 13. Results Approximately 220 (61.1%) cases were of wild-type KRAS, whereas KRAS mutation was noted in 38.9%. KRAS mutation was common in the descending colon, whereas a low incidence of the KRAS mutation was observed in the ascending colon (P<0.001). Among patients with KRAS mutation, 64.3% initially presented as emergency cases with obstruction/perforation (P=0.002), and 62.9% had hepatic or pulmonary metastasis. The progression-free survival (PFS) was 10.7 months. Cases without KRAS mutation showed a higher PFS than did those with KRAS mutation (mean PFS: 11.5 vs. 9.6 months, P=0.001). The overall survival was 23.2 months. The survival varied considerably according to KRAS type: patients without mutation survived for 25.0 months and those with mutation survived for 19.6 months (P<0.001). Disease-related death occurred in 132 (36.7%) cases, approximately 57.1% of them (80 cases) had KRAS mutations (P=0.001). Conclusions A major association between KRAS mutational status and both disease behavior and treatment outcomes was found in this study. Patients with KRAS mutation show advanced disease presentation, with lower PFS and overall survival.
Meiotic sex chromosome inactivation

X chromosome inactivation is most commonly studied in the context of female mammalian development, where it performs an essential role in dosage compensation. However, another form of X-inactivation takes place in the male, during spermatogenesis, as germ cells enter meiosis. This second form of X-inactivation, called meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI) has emerged as a novel paradigm for studying the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. New studies have revealed that MSCI is a special example of a more general mechanism called meiotic silencing of unsynapsed chromatin (MSUC), which silences chromosomes that fail to pair with their homologous partners and, in doing so, may protect against aneuploidy in subsequent generations. Furthermore, failure in MSCI is emerging as an important etiological factor in meiotic sterility.
Closed-form analysis of adjustable speed drive performance under input voltage unbalance and sag conditions

Voltage unbalance or sag conditions generated by the line excitation can cause the input rectifier stage of an adjustable-speed drive (ASD) to enter single-phase rectifier operation. This degradation of the input power quality can have a significant negative impact on the induction machine performance characteristics. This paper provides an approximate closed-form analysis of the impact of line voltage sags and unbalance on the induction machine phase voltages, currents, and torque pulsations for a general-purpose ASD consisting of a three-phase diode bridge rectifier, dc link, and PWM inverter delivering constant volts-per-Hertz excitation. Attention is focused on the impact of the dominant 2nd harmonic of the line frequency that appears in the DC link voltage during the sag/unbalance conditions, neglecting the impact of the other higher-order harmonics. In addition to the closed-form analytical results that assume constant rotor speed, both simulation and experimental results are presented that confirm the key analytical results, including the dominance of the 2nd harmonic in the resulting torque pulsations. The analytical results can be used as a valuable design tool to rapidly evaluate the approximate impact of unbalance/sag conditions on ASD machine performance.
Impact of organizational politics on employee work outcomes in higher education institutions of Pakistan

Purpose Organizational politics has been a topic of conceptual and empirical interest for researchers and practitioners for many years. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between organizational politics and employee work outcomes in educational institutions. In addition, this paper also aims to assess the moderating role of social capital. Design/methodology/approach Employee perceptions about organizational politics and its impact on their work outcomes have been assessed empirically with a sample of 270 full-time employees in higher education institutions of Pakistan. The data have been collected from faculty members of five universities of Pakistan using survey method. SPSS and AMOS have been used to analyze the data and SEM has been used to test the hypotheses. Findings The results indicate a moderating effect of social capital on the relationship between perceived organizational politics and employee outcomes, and the most significant employee outcomes are job stress, job satisfaction and turnover intentions. The findings of the study support the view that organizational politics has negative association with employee job stress and turnover intentions. Research limitations/implications Higher education sector in Pakistan is facing certain challenges, which affect talent retention. The findings of this study will help the administration of higher education institutions to develop effective strategies to cope with the challenges of organizational politics, such as motivation, satisfaction and retention of their employees. Originality/value The study adds to the literature on organizational politics by highlighting and validating its adverse effects on employee work outcomes in the context of Pakistani higher education.
Massive MIMO, mm Wave and 5G Technology Insights and Challenges

The global broadband cellular demand is increasing exponentially resulting in a worldwide shortage of available bandwidths allocated for wireless transmission, leading to in depth research being carried out in the underutilized Millimeter Wave (mmWave) bands which occupy the frequencies above 3GHz in the frequency spectrum. The 5G technology is evolving rapidly from the current 3G and 4G networks deployed worldwide, and the mmWave technology plays a vital role in the future 5G networks. Massive MIMO will be unprecedented during the design considerations when utilizing mmWave data streams with not only less complexity but will also enhance the spectral efficiency of the wireless system economically. This paper looks at the 5G revolution, its advantage over 4G, the incorporation between 5G and mmWave technologies, and MIMO antenna design considerations. It will also highlight the challenges facing the above technologies, and some new technologies such as Ultra Dense Networks (UDN), smart cities and Li-Fi which will incorporate mmWave, MIMO and 5G technology.
Optimal Bidding Strategy of a Strategic Wind Power Producer in the Short-Term Market

Wind energy is a clean and renewable energy source which is rapidly growing globally. As the penetration level of wind power grows, the system operators need to consider wind power producers as strategic producers whose bidding behaviors will have an impact on the locational marginal prices. This paper proposes a bilevel stochastic optimization model to obtain the optimal bidding strategy for a strategic wind power producer in the short-term electricity market. The upper level problem of the model maximizes the profit of the wind power producer, while the lower level problem represents the market clearing processes of both day-ahead and real-time markets. The uncertainties in the demand, the wind power production, and the bidding strategies of the strategic conventional power producers are represented by scenarios in the model. The conditional value at risk of the selected worst scenarios is included in the objective function for managing the risk due to uncertainties. Using the duality theory and Karush-Kuhn-Tucker condition, the bilevel model is transferred into a mixed-integer linear problem. Case studies are performed to show the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Outils alternatifs à l'expérimentation animale pour l'évaluation de la toxicité des contaminants de l'environnement : lignées cellulaires et tests embryo-larvaires chez un poisson modèle le Médaka japonais, Oryzias latipes

Les poissons sont parmi les modeles aquatiques les plus utilises pour l’evaluationdes dangers des substances chimiques avant leur mise sur le marche europeen(REACh (Registration, Evaluation, Autorisation and Restriction of CHemicals)). Actuellement, cette reglementation ainsi que la directive europeenne sur la protectiondes animaux utilises a des fins scientifiques (2010/63/UE) promeuvent la mise enplace de methodes alternatives en experimentation animale. Ces methodes ont pourbut de remplacer les modeles animaux chaque fois que cela est possible, de reduirele nombre d’animaux utilises en experimentation et d’optimiser la methodologieappliquee aux animaux. Cette these vise a comparer la sensibilite de deux de cesoutils alternatifs, les lignees cellulaires et les tests embryo-larvaires poissons, enutilisant des toxiques modeles puis mettre en oeuvre ces outils pour evaluer la toxicitede melanges environnementaux de polluants : microplastiques et hydrocarbures(petrole Arabian Light). Les composes modeles (B(a)P, Cd, MMS, PCB126) ont permisde valider trois biomarqueurs : la production d’especes reactives de l’oxygene surlignees cellulaires de poissons, le test micronoyaux par cytometrie en flux et lechallenge infectieux sur larves de Medaka. Ces biomarqueurs associes a des analyseschimiques, biochimiques et physiologiques ont permis d’evaluer la toxicite demelanges environnementaux d’hydrocarbures (extrait aqueux de petrole Arabian =WAF) et de microplastiques. Les WAF presentent une toxicite sur les ligneescellulaires de poissons (induction de l’activite EROD, genotoxicite) ainsi que surembryons et larves de Medaka (comportement, biometrie, EROD, genotoxicite). Lespoissons comme les cellules sont particulierement sensibles au WAF de l’ArabianLight. La contamination aux microplastiques (MP) environnementaux a revele unetoxicite des contaminants associes au MP sur les lignees cellulaires et les larves depoisson. L’ingestion de particules de plastiques par les larves a induit des effets letauxet subletaux (biometrie, comportement et EROD). L’ingestion des particules plastiquespar les larves a ete confirmee par microscopie biphotonique. Cette etude a permisd’evaluer la sensibilite et la complementarite de ces outils in vitro pour l’evaluation desdangers et des risques associes aux substances chimiques.
Development and Validation of a Stability-indicating RP-HPLC Method for Estimation of Metformin and Rosuvastatin along with Impurities from a Combined Oral Solid Dosage Form

The objective of current study was to develop and validate a stability-indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography for simultaneous quantification of impurities in metformin sustained release-rosuvastatin immediate release combined oral solid dosage form as per ICH guidelines. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a Waters HPLC system with a YMC-Pack ODS-A 100×4.6 mm; 3 µm column. Mobile phase A comprised of 20 mM ammonium acetate:acetonitrile (9:1 v/v) pH 3.5, and mobile phase B, consisted of 20 mM ammonium acetate:acetonitrile:methanol (3:5:2 v/v/v) pH 3.5. The gradient program was set as (T/% B) 0/30, 5/30, 10/50, 30/50, 40/80, 42/30 and 45/30, which pumped at a rate of 0.9 ml/min. About 10 μl of sample solutions were injected and monitored at 240 nm. Column temperature and sample compartment was maintained at 25° and 5°, respectively. Forced degradation studies revealed that the peak threshould was more than the peak purity and no purity flag was observed. Repeatability, intra, and inter-day precision results were well within the tolerable limits. Limits of detection were found to be 0.10, 0.05, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.40 ppm and limits of quantitation as 0.30, 0.15, 0.45, 0.60 and 1.0 ppm for metformin, rosuvastatin, rosuvastatin impurity A, B, and C, respectively. The correlation coefficient of linearity for metformin, rosuvastatin and its impurities were found to be ≥0.999. The method recovery was found between 99 and 102 %. The proposed method appeared to be a simple, rapid, economical, accurate, specific, robust and able to distinguish the two key components from their degradants, impurities, and excipients. Therefore, current method could be applied successfully for stability and routine examination.
Reactivated normal-sense shear zones in the core of the Greater Himalayan Sequence, Solukhumbu District, Nepal

We present preliminary observations from the Solukhumbu region of Nepal, coupled with structures described in the literature, to suggest the importance of structural and metamorphic discontinuities within the Himalayan metamorphic core (Greater Himalayan Sequence) and reactivation of at least one of these thrust discontinuities with a normal (down-to-the-north) sense of displacement. Based on preliminary geochronologic data, development of these discontinuities may have evolved over time. In the Dudh Kosi Valley near Ghat, gneissic rocks and pegmatites exhibit tectonized fabrics and yield argon cooling ages of ~4 Ma for K-feldspar and ~9 Ma for biotite. Just north of Khumjung there is a prominent topographic break from which sheared gneissic rocks indicate a top-to-the-north, or normal, sense of shear. Near Pangboche, a repeated section of kyanitebearing rocks interleaved with sillimanite-muscovite schist suggests structural imbrication and/or interleaved retrograde metamorphism. Below the peaks of Nuptse and Lhotse, the Khumbu thrust (Searle 1999) appears to form the floor of a thick succession of leucogranite sills. We suggest that these discontinuities were formed over time, possibly from early MCT and STDS deformation at ~21 Ma to as recent as ~4 Ma, and need to be considered in kinematic models that combine channel flow with critical taper and tectonic denudation. Moreover, orogenic collapse in the Himalayan core may be migrating southward through time as the orogenic wedge continues to uplift in response to underthrusting of India and southward propagation of the Main Frontal Thrust system.
Investigation of Soot Formation in a Novel Diesel Fuel Burner

In the present work, a novel burner capable of complete pre-vaporization and stationary combustion of diesel fuel in a laminar diffusion flame has been developed to investigate the effect of the chemical composition of diesel fuel on soot formation. For the characterization of soot formation during diesel combustion we performed a comprehensive morphological characterization of the soot and determined its concentration by coupling elastic light scattering (ELS) and laser-induced incandescence (LII) measurements. With ELS, radii of gyration of aggregates were measured within a point-wise measurement volume, LII was employed in an imaging approach for a 2D-analysis of the soot volume fraction. We carried out LII and ELS measurements at different positions in the flame for two different fuel types, revealing the effects of small modifications of the fuel composition on soot emission during diesel combustion.
A Single-Phase DG Generation Unit With Shunt Active Power Filter Capability by Adaptive Neural Filtering

This paper deals with a single-phase distributed generation (DG) system with active power filtering (APF) capability, devised for utility current harmonic compensation. The idea is to integrate the DG unit functions with shunt APF capabilities, because the DG is connected in parallel to the grid. With the proposed approach, control of the DG unit is performed by injecting into the grid a current with the same phase and frequency of the grid voltage and with an amplitude depending on the power available from renewable sources. On the other hand, load harmonic current compensation is performed by injecting into the alternating current system harmonic currents like those of the load but with an opposite phase, thus keeping the line current almost sinusoidal. Both detection of the grid voltage fundamental and computation of the load harmonic compensation current have been performed by two neural adaptive filters with the same structure, one in a configuration ldquonotchrdquo and the other in the complementary configuration ldquoband.rdquo The ldquonotchrdquo filter has been used to compute the compensation current by eliminating only the contribution of the fundamental of the load current, whereas the ldquobandrdquo configuration is able to extract the fundamental of the coupling point voltage. Furthermore, because the active power generation and the APF features require current control of components at different frequencies, respectively, a multiresonant current controller has been adopted. The methodology has been tested successfully both in numerical simulation and experimentally on a suitably devised test setup. The stability analysis of the proposed control approach has been performed in the discrete domain.