Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hough detector with an OS CFAR processor in presence of randomly arriving impulse interference

In this paper we present the research results concerning the performance of Hough detector with an Order Statistic False Alarm Rate (OS CFAR) processor, in the presence of randomly arriving impulse interference with Poisson distributed flow and Raleigh amplitude distribution. In the presented contribution are investigated two types of Hough detectors with CFAR processors, in order to choose the most efficient one in the presence of clutter and randomly arriving impulse interference. The Hough detector with OS CFAR processor is compared to Hough detector with CA CFAR processor. The achieved results reveal that the Hough detector with the OS CFAR algorithm is more effective. The experimental results are obtained by numerical analysis. We have studied the detection probability and the average decision threshold of Hough detector with two types of CFAR processors. The results show that the use of this structure of Hough detector allows drastically reducing the detectability losses in comparison to the conventional OS CFAR detector and that it is effective for small signal-to-noise ratios. The research work is performed in MATLAB computational environment. The obtained analytical results for Hough detector with an Order Statistic CFAR processor can be used in both, radar and communication receiver networks.
A generic ionic model of cardiac action potentials

A generic cardiac ionic model employing membrane currents based on two-gate Hodgkin-Huxley kinetics is presented. Its generic nature allows it to accurately reproduce action potential waveforms in heterogeneous cardiac tissue by optimizing parameters governing ion channel kinetics and magnitudes. The model allows a user-defined number of voltage and time-dependent ion currents to be incorporated, in order to reproduce and predict electrophysiological action potential waveforms from multiple recordings in individual cardiac myocytes.
Self-organizing P2P Overlay Network applying Dynamic Landmark Mechanism for Contents Delivery Network

CDN does not calculate connections between infra networks and user networks by increasing physical network. Instead, CDN decentralizes bottlenecked data traffics or contents to main parts of Internet network. By this, an amount of traffics passing through middle-mile of complicated Internet is decreased and CP (contents provider)'s server loads are reduced by allocating contents to many distributed servers. In this paper, we proposed an extended Rosary overlay network which is suitable for CDN environment by modification and supplement of Pastry. The proposed Rosary extends Pastry by dividing it into inter-Pastry and intra-Pastry to fit for CDN environment, makes application-level multicasting and adopts semi-hash scheme. By adopting geographic layout technology to proximity neighbor selection technology of Pastry, Rosary node was made to act as landmark server.
The development of the construction company's pricing policy

The article reveals the process of a pricing policy’s formation and development of the construction company in order to intensify the competitiveness of the construction industry’s managing subjects. The author has used monographic, abstractly logical scientific method, and also methods of analysis, synthesis, and system analysis. Scientific novelty is the algorithm of pricing policy’s formation of the construction company, which, unlike other approaches, takes into account specific features of a subordinate organization, and bases on modern scientific elaborations in the context of marketing trends. In this work the methodical approach is developed for establishing and improving of the pricing policy of a construction’s managing entity, which includes phases: the definition of the pricing policy’s goal, an inquiry for a construction project, a customer’s pricing policy, an estimate of outlays on the construction, the analysis of competitors' costs, a choice of the price strategy, a choice of the method of the price formation, the definition of pricing characteristics, a coordination of undertaking, an establishing of a contract’s price, a development of the pricing behavior and a system of prices’ modification, a formation of the factual price for the construction project, an analysis of the pricing policy’s efficiency. In further developments it is recommended to disclose the specifics of a prices’ establishment on construction goods of various construction’s subindustries.
Simulation of 38 GHz millimeter-wave propagation characteristics in the indoor environment

In this paper, the propagation characteristics of 38GHz millimeter wave in an indoor environment are simulated based on ray tracing method. The path loss and delay spread are discussed and analyzed on both line of sight and non line of sight. The conclusions drawn in this thesis may be utilized for the design of millimeter-wave mobile communications for the future fifth generation cellular system.
Urban Governance in the Changing Economic and Political Landscapes: A Comparative Analysis of Major Urban Centres of Tanzania

Urban development in many cities of the developing world has been facing innumerable challenges some of which are historical but others attributed to governance. While the changing socioeconomic and political landscapes have been shaping the pattern of urban governance in these cities, studies underscoring the link between central, local governments and the citizenry are scanty. This paper attempts to analyze urban governance in the Tanzanian context drawing empirical evidence and lessons from eight major urban centres of Tanzania. This paper is a product of the study that was carried out to examine the state of cities in eight (8) major urban centres of Tanzania between 2010 and 2013. It attempts to compare governance issues and develop some indices across major urban centres of Tanzania. The data collection methods included household interviews, review of official records, workshops, group discussion and reports from city coordinators. The results show that: although Tanzania has made some strides towards effective urban governance, the level of achievement varied from one city to another. Poor performance was noted on parameters of continued centralization of power by the central government, continued financial dependency on central government, limited participation and civic engagement of local communities in development projects and political undertakings. As a way forward it has been recommended that there is an urgent need to re-orient the on-going local government reform programmes to ensure that true decentralised functions, powers and mandates are exercised from below. This should be accompanied with capacity building to ensure effective participation of key stakeholders.
Distance Measurement-Based Cooperative Source Localization: A Convex Range-Free Approach

One of the most essential objectives in WSNs is to determine the spatial coordinates of a source or a sensor node having information. In this study, the problem of range measurement-based localization of a signal source or a sensor is revisited. The main challenge of the problem results from the non-convexity associated with range measurements calculated using the distances from the set of nodes with known positions to a fixed sensor node. Such measurements corresponding to certain distances are non-convex in two and three dimensions. Attempts recently proposed in the literature to eliminate the nonconvexity approach the problem as a non-convex geometric minimization problem, using techniques to handle the non-convexity. This study proposes a new fuzzy range-free sensor localization method. The method suggests using some notions of Euclidean geometry to convert the problem into a convex geometric problem. The convex equivalent problem is built using convex fuzzy sets, thus avoiding multiple stable local minima issues, then a gradient based localization algorithm is chosen to solve the problem. Next, the proposed algorithm is simulated considering various scenarios, including the number of available source nodes, fuzzification level, and area coverage. The results are compared with an algorithm having similar fuzzy logic settings. Also, the behaviour of both algorithms with noisy measurements are discussed. Finally, future extensions of the algorithm are suggested, along with some guidelines.
Simultaneous sampling of event‐related BOLD responses in auditory cortex and brainstem

Event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was applied to investigate blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in the human auditory system. Auditory fMRI is hindered by the disturbing acoustical noise of echo planar imaging (EPI). A sparse acquisition technique was used in which the delayed hemodynamic response was imaged at discrete sampling time‐points after a brief auditory stimulus. Long repetition times (10 heartbeats (HBs)) were used to avoid interactions between the activation due to the sound stimulation and scanner noise. In addition, only a single slice was acquired, to ensure that the scanner noise was minimal in duration and intensity. The image acquisition was triggered by the HB to prevent artifacts from cardiac‐related brainstem motion. An image was acquired every 10th HB. Significant hemodynamic BOLD time‐course responses were measured from the primary and secondary auditory cortices, as well as the inferior colliculi in the brainstem. No systematic differences were found between the cerebral cortex and the brainstem in terms of activation amplitude or in onset time of the hemodynamic response. Apparently, the slow dynamic nature of the BOLD response signal is similar across spatially separated auditory brain regions, suggesting a corresponding design of vessels and capillaries. Magn Reson Med 47:90–96, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ANALISIS DETERMINAN EARNINGS MANAGEMENT

This study aims to examines the relationship between the level of leverage, free cash flow, financing requirements, auditor’s independence and audit committee independence as a determinant of earnings management behavior. This study uses discretionary accruals as a proxy on earnings management. This study uses data manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) with a selected sample by purposive sampling method with a total sample of 43 companies and data used are annual report from 2012 period until 2014. To test the effect of each independent variable on the dependent variable using multiple linear regression. The results showed that the level of leverage negatively affect earnings management behavior while financing needs positively effect on earnings management behavior.
Model of Entrepreneurship Learning in Growing New Entrepreneur (Case Study in Centre of Business Incubator, West Java, Indonesia)

The increasing number of unemployment and poverty led to increasingly perceived importance of entrepreneurship. Development will go well if supported by business because the government is very limited capabilities. Therefore, an entrepreneur development is potential both in number and quality. The fact is that the number of entrepreneurs facing Indonesia is still small and the quality was still low, so that entrepreneurship development is an urgent issue for the success of development. Therefore, model of entrepreneurship learning for new entrepreneur growth is very necessary. This study aims to obtain a model of entrepreneurial learning in entrepreneurial business growth through the use of methods, techniques and learning aids, determination of material and the effect on the growth of entrepreneur business. The study was conducted by using descriptive research and verification research. Unit of analysis is the institution of education providers that have business incubator, both public and private training. The success of entrepreneurial learning process is carried out by taking into account various factors, namely:Iinstructor,Course to be delivered,Methode that use, techniques and tools that will be used and the feedback is expected to learning process.The criteria used for the selection of prospective entrepreneurs consists of three criteria such as:motivation, entrepreneurship skills and business skills.The results showed that the model of learning effective and efficient learning must be adapted to need entrepreneur business include instructors, materials, techniques and tools which is used. This will affect the success of the learning activities in developing or growing entrepreneurial business.
The hidden side of dynamic pricing in airline markets

An often disregarded, albeit central, aspect of the airline pricing's problem consists in assigning a fare to all the available seats on an airplane at the beginning of and during the whole booking period. We show how a flight's fare distribution is set in practice and how it changes over time using evidence from a leading European low-cost carrier. Such pricing behavior is consistent with the main predictions from the theoretical model we present. First, fare distributions are increasing across seats because a lower fare for the seat on sale enhances the likelihood of selling the subsequent seats. Second, over time fare distributions move, on average, downward to reflect the perishable nature of a flight's seats. Third, due to the increasing profile of the fare distributions across seats, we find that the price observed by prospective buyers tends to increase as the date of departure nears.
Distinct properties of functional KCC2 expression in immature mouse hippocampal neurons in culture and in acute slices

A hallmark in the development of GABAergic neurotransmission is the switch in GABAA‐mediated responses from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing. This occurs due to a gradual decrease in the intracellular concentration of chloride caused by the functional expression of the neuron‐specific K‐Cl cotransporter KCC2. Whether a mere increase in the amount of KCC2 protein is the rate‐limiting step in vivo, or a further activation of the otherwise nonfunctional cotransporter is required, is not clear. Imposing a fixed Cl– load via patch pipette we measured the resultant somato‐dendritic gradients in reversal potential of GABAergic currents to determine the time course of functional maturation of KCC2‐mediated Cl– extrusion in two preparations: cultured mouse hippocampal neurons plated at embryonic day 17 and CA1 pyramidal cells in acute slices. We found that in immature neurons in both preparations the gradient is initially small or not detectable. It undergoes an abrupt increase at around days 13–14 in culture, while a more gradual increase occurs between postnatal days 5–14 in slices. Consistent with the presence of a nonfunctional form of KCC2 in immature hippocampal neurons grown in culture, application of the broad‐spectrum kinase inhibitor staurosporine produces a rapid and potent up‐regulation of KCC2 function in these cultured neurons, but not in neonatal slices. Taken together with our previously published data, these results indicate that the functional activity of KCC2 in vivo parallels the developmental expression of the protein, whereas cultured neurons require an additional activation step (mimicked by staurosporine) for KCC2 to become functional.
A novel low-voltage low-power SAR ADC for biomedical applications

This paper presents a novel charge-redistribution successive-approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The proposed ADC is based on a novel capacitive DAC switching scheme which employs unit capacitors for voltage sampling and charge redistribution. Compared with published capacitive DAC which uses the same unit size capacitor, the proposed DAC needs only 33% of the total switches. The proposed 8-bit SAR-ADC is designed in Global foundries 65nm CMOS process. SPICE simulation results show that the average switching energy can be reduced by more than 60% compared with published design. The simulated power consumption of the capacitive DAC is about 110 nW at 1.0 V power supply and 100KS/s. The simulated average power consumption of the ADC is about 2.8 μW.
The Algebra of Self-Adjoint Operators in Spectral Theory with Application in Quantum Mechanics

The main aim of this article is to present the Spectral theory of self-adjoint operators on Hilbert space and to describe its applications in the development of Quantum mechanics. Since in Quantum mechanics, observables correspond to self-adjoint operators, to achieve our aim, we employed the idea of symmetric operators in Hilbert space. We see that there is a bijection between symmetric extensions of an operator and isometric extensions of its Cayley transform. The resolvent (a) is invertible, which is the generalization of the theory of eigenvalues of a matrix, that is, the set of all eigenvalues of an operator is called the spectrum of the operator, and more importantly, the Hermitian operator. Finally, we showed how to determine the energy level of the atom of an element using some derived equations.
Muscle composition after 14-day hindlimb unloading in rats: effects of two herbal compounds.

AIM We studied the potential of two herbal compounds (HC-1 and HC-2) in different dosages (HC-1, containing ligustrazine; HC-2, containing radix astragali) as a countermeasure against muscle atrophy in a hindlimb unloading rat model. Soleus muscle weight, fiber type distribution, cross-sectional area (CSA), and myosin ATPase activity were measured. METHODS Six rats each were assigned to a nine-group design: Control (CON); hindlimb unloading only (HLU); hindlimb unloading plus intragastric water instillation (HLU-W); and hindlimb unloading plus different dosages of instilled HC-1 (HLU-HC-1l, HLU-HC-1m, HLU-HC-1h) or HC-2 (HLU-HC-2l, HLU-HC-2m, HLU-HC-2h). RESULTS As expected, in HLU and HLU-W, soleus muscle-to-body weight ratio and CSA of type I and II fiber went down, and myosin ATPase activity and the percentage of type II fibers went up, all compared with CON. Compared to untreated rats, high-dose HC-1 enhanced type I and II fiber CSA by 77% and 55%, respectively; myosin ATPase activity (type II fiber percentage) were lower, but soleus muscle-to-body weight ratio did not change. High-dose HC-2 enhanced soleus muscle-to-body weight ratio by 33%; and type I / type II fiber CSA by 143% and 83% above HLU-W values, respectively, and resulted in a slower myosin ATPase activity (corresponding to a lower type II fiber percentage). Low- to mid-dose HC-1 and HC-2 showed some preventive effects as well. CONCLUSION HC-1 and HC-2 in proper dosages diminished muscle atrophy that otherwise occurs in simulated weightlessness.
New insights into osteoporosis: the bone–fat connection

Kawai M, de Paula FJA, Rosen CJ (Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi, Osaka, Japan; University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; and Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA). New insights into osteoporosis: the bone–fat connection (Review). J Intern Med 2012; 272: 317–329.
Temporary deterioration in Parkinsonian signs after modest alcohol intake

5. Lhermitte F, Agid Y , Signoret JL. Onset and end of dose levodopa induced dyskinesia: possible treatment by increasing the daily doses of levodopa. Arch Neurol 1978;35:261263. 6. Duby SE, Cotzias GC, Papavasiliou PS, Lawrence WH. Injected apomorphine and orally administered levodopa in parkinsonism. Arch Neurol 1972;27:474-480. 7. Agid Y, Bonnet AM, Signoret JL, Lhermitte F. Clinical, pharmacological, and biochemical approach of “onsetand end-of-dose’’ dyskinesias. In: Poirier LJ, Sourkes TL, Bedard PJ, eds. The extrapyramidal system and its disorders. New York: Raven Press, 1979:401409. (Advances in neurology; vol 24). 8. Fahn S. Fluctuations of disability in Parkinson’s disease: pathophysiology. In: Marsden CD, Fahn S , eds. Movement disorders. London: Butterworth, 1981: 123-145. 9. Gancher ST, Woodward WR, Boucher B, Nutt JG. Peripheral pharmacokinetics of apomorphine in humans. Ann Neurol 1989;26:232-238. 10. Frankel JP, Lees A, Kempster PA, Stem GM. Subcutaneous apomorphine in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1990;53:96-101. 163-174.
Robot Planning with Mathematical Models of Human State and Action

Robots interacting with the physical world plan with models of physics. We advocate that robots interacting with people need to plan with models of cognition. This writeup summarizes the insights we have gained in integrating computational cognitive models of people into robotics planning and control. It starts from a general game-theoretic formulation of interaction, and analyzes how different approximations result in different useful coordination behaviors for the robot during its interaction with people.
Elevated Serum Immune Mediators and Subclinical Inflammation in HLA-A29-associated Birdshot Chorioretinopathy

ABSTRACT Purpose: To determine the circulating levels of seven immune mediators in serum samples from patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy (BSCR). Methods: A single-center prospective case–control study was performed. Serum concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-12p70, IL-1β, IL-17A, IL-23, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 of 22 BSCR patients recruited at Hosp6ital Clinic of Barcelona and 16 healthy subjects were determined. Results: Circulating levels of IL-17A were elevated in patients with BSCR in remission (p = 0.008 for BSCR patients with immunomodulatory treatment [IMT] and p = 0.032 for patients without IMT) compared with healthy subjects. Furthermore, patients who were not receiving IMT had significantly higher levels of circulating IL-23 (p = 0.013 vs controls and p = 0.001 vs IMT) and TGF-β1 (p = 0.009 vs controls and p = 0.001 vs IMT) than patients under IMT or healthy subjects. Conclusions: Our results support the involvement of a IL-17-response in BSCR and suggest that BSCR patients without IMT due to apparent remission may maintain a subclinical inflammatory background.
Fluorometric Techniques for the Detection of Nitric Oxide and Metabolites

Recently fluorometric techniques have been developed to determine NO and S‐nitrosothiols with improved sensitivity over spectrophotometric techniques based on similar chemistry. This unit contains protocols for detection and quantification of NO from chemical reactions and from cellular systems, and of S‐nitrosothiols in chemical, biochemical, and cellular experiments.
Circadian Rhythm of the Preovulatory Surge of Luteinizing Hormone and Its Relationships to Rhythms of Body Temperature and Locomotor Activity in Turkey Hens1

Abstract Simultaneous measurements of plasma LH, body temperature, and locomotor activity were made in laying turkey hens and are reported. Blood samples were remotely collected using a jugular cannula system, and body temperature and locomotor activity were remotely monitored using a radiotelemetry system in freely moving laying turkeys. Under a photoschedule of 14L:10D, the period for preovulatory surges of LH was 25.7 ± 0.4 h while the periods for peak body temperature and onset of sustained locomotor activity were 24.9 ± 0.4 and 25.7 ± 0.5 h, respectively. During exposure to constant light, the periods for preovulatory surges of LH, peak body temperature, and onset of sustained locomotor activity increased to 27.9 ± 0.9, 26.7 ± 0.7, and 27.4 ± 0.7 h, respectively. With the 14L:10D photoschedule, initiation of LH surges was restricted to the scotophase, but after 8 days of constant light, initiation of LH surges had dispersed throughout the 24-h subjective day and night. With constant light, the amplitude of the peak body temperature rhythm decreased, while the duration of the locomotor activity rhythm became broadened and, in some birds, disorganized. Peak body temperature and onset of locomotor activity rhythms and LH surges did not coincide, even though peak body temperature, onset of locomotor activity, and LH surges had similar periods. It is concluded that 1) the photoschedule influences the periods of the LH surge, peak body temperature, and onset of locomotor activity; and 2) a specific or direct relationship between the rhythms of LH surge, body temperature, and locomotor activity remains to be determined in laying turkey hens.