Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Replacing Groundnut Cake with Rubber Seed Meal on the Haematological and Serological Indices of Broilers

In a study to evaluate the effect of substituting groundnut cake (GNC) with rubber seed meal (RSM) on the heamatological and serological profiles of broiler chickens, one hundred and fifty day-old broilers (Anak 2000) were randomly assigned to five dietary groups. The replacement levels were 0% (RSM) and 100% GNC for diet group A, 25% RSM and 75% GNC for diet group B, 50% RSM and 50% GNC for diet C, 75% RSM and 25% GNC for diet D and 100 RSM and 0% GNC for diet E. The diets were formulated for starter and finisher phases, and were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. After eight weeks of rearing, blood samples collected from nine randomly selected birds per diet group were analyzed for red blood cell counts (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), haemoglobin count (HB), packed cell volume (PCV), coagulation time (CT), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) as well as serum protein contents. From the results of these indices, the following parameters were estimated: the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concetration (MCHC). Results indicated that, with the exception of MCV, MCHC and coagulation time, all other haematological and serological parameters decreased with increasing levels of dietary RSM. Values obtained were, however, within safe margins. The results further indicated that birds fed diets with high RSM had superior MCV and MCHC compared to those on high GNC diets. It was concluded that improved processing of RSM to eliminate its anti-nutritional factors content may improve its feeding value, and make it a potentially useful feed ingredient in reducing feed costs in poultry in Nigeria without endangering the health of birds.
A model for determination of the numbers of pollen beetles (Meligethes aeneus F.) (Col., Nitidulidae) per plant in oil‐seed rape crops (Brassica napus L.) by estimating the percentage of plants attacked by pollen beetles

Abstract: Pollen beetles (Meligethes aeneus F) are common pests of oil‐seed rape crops (Brassica napus L) in Denmark, causing serious yield losses (>80% reduction). In consequence, the crop is treated with pesticides in most years. To estimate the need for insecticide treatment it is desirable to develop a method, which, in a simple and very labour‐saving way, can estimate the number of pollen beetles in oil‐seed rape crops. Incidences of pollen beetles were recorded in 105 spring and winter oil‐seed rape fields. From the coherent values of the percentage of plants infested with pollen beetles (Y) and the number of pollen beetles per plant (X) the following model was deduced: Y = 43.3 × X0.47.
Issue highlights—March 2013

DIFFERENT APPROACHES IN MRD Multicolor flow cytometry was quite a technical novelty some years ago but today it became a daily diagnostic service in several flow cytometry laboratories. The publication of Sartor and Gottlieb in this issue of the journal (1) utilizes the advancement in flow technology and the wide array of reagent availability and they described a 10 color single tube flow cytometry assay to optimize the accuracy and sensitivity of minimal residual disease (MRD) detection. One particular problem in detecting MRD is the occurrence of cytopenia that may hamper the identification of residual cells when analyzing several tubes. Placing all of the informative markers in one tube reduces the total number of lymphocytes required for analysis in patients with lymphopenia following chemotherapy and facilitates direct exclusion of contaminating T cells during cell analysis. The assay was established and intended for use only by reference laboratories experienced in multi-parameter flow cytometry for CLL. This way of MRD detection, however also requires advanced instrumentation and thus cannot be achieved in several smaller laboratories. Literature from developing countries addressing therapeutic or laboratory practices related to MRD, is largely lacking, as in many resource-poor countries this advanced type of MRD detection is not feasible. Patkar and coworkers in their first paper from India published last year in this journal (2) described their experience in establishing a flow cytometry-based MRD assay for precursor B lineage ALL (BCP-ALL) with emphasis on assay standardization and cost. They utilized a 4-color approach that allowed MRD analysis at diagnosis and at two follow-up time points to be done in total for $100–150 and they found that this cost-effective MRD panel was applicable to over 90% of patients.
Elastic properties of the hind foot of the Donkey, Equus asinus

The elastic properties of the hind feet of Donkeys, and of tendons removed from the feet, have been investigated by methods similar to those used in a previous study of the forefoot. The elastic strain energy stored in the foot, during a trotting step, is calculated to be approximately the optimum which would minimize the work required of the muscles in this gait.
Flight performance, echolocation and foraging behaviour in pond bats, Myotis dasycneme (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae).

Flight performance and echolocation behaviour of the pond bat. Myoris dasycnerize (Boie, 18251, were investigated over canals and a lake in the Netherlands. Multi-flash stereophotogrammetry, linked with synchronous recording of echolocation calls, was used to reconstruct the three-dimensional flight paths of bats and to correlate flight behaviour with changes in pulse emission during echolocation. Echolocation calls during commuting flight at the canal were sigmoidal in structure. with an initial steep frequency modulated (FM) sweep followed by a more shallow sweep, ending with a second, rapid FM sweep. Similar calls were produced during the search phase of foraging, though longer duration quasi-CF (constant-frequency) calls, with longer interpulse intervals and much reduced initial and final FM sweeps, were produced by bats hunting over a large lake. Overall, calls were generaliy lower in frequency, with significantly longer pulse durations and interpulse intervals. compared with those of smaller trawling Myotis bats. Flight speeds were compared with predicted optima from aerodynamic models. Commuting bats exceeded predicted maximum range speed. which was considerably higher than that noted for other smaller species of trawling Myotis. Flight speed was significantly higher closer to the roost, at a narrower canal site. A negative correlation between wingbeat frequency and flight speed, and a faculvative I:1 link between pulse emission and wingbeat during search phase were established. During commuting, the bats flew at a height above that which would normally confer substantial power savings through ground effect. It is argued that, by flying at a lower height, bats would compromise commuting speed. Echolocation calls produced during attempted prey capture were remarkably similar in design to those produced by those other Myotis species that forage in a similar fashion. Prey was detected at 2 m, and reaction distance was 1.8 m. Evidence of a physiological limit on pulse duration and interpulse interval during prey capture is presented. Overlap of emitted pulse and received echo may degrade the performance of echolocation in many bats, and overlap is generally avoided in M. dasycneme except perhaps when the bat is very close to the prey item.
Concentration–response function of nitrite on survival, molting, and reproduction of Daphnia similoides

We assessed the chronic toxicity of nitrite to Daphnia similoides and modeled the concentration–response function of nitrite on survival, molting, and reproduction. Survival time, number of molting, number of total offspring per female, number of broods per female, and number of offspring per brood decreased significantly with increasing NO2–N concentration during the 21-day experiment. The EC50s for number of total offspring per female, number of broods per female, and number of offspring per brood were 1.56, 3.99, and 1.71 mg L−1, respectively. A four-parameter logistic model was suitable for describing the concentration–response function and allows the estimation of reproduction indices of D. similoides at any given concentration of NO2–N.
Labile sex expression in andromonoecious Solanum hirtum: pattern of variation in floral structure

Comparison of hermaphrodite and staminate flowers of andromonoecious Solanum hirtum must consider two sources of morphological variation: variation due to differences in flower position and variation due to conditions that affect sex expression. In S. hirtum, positional variation occurs among hermaphrodite flowers of unpollinated plants; flowers vary quantitatively but not functionally with position on the inflorescence. On inflorescences of pollinated, fruit-bearing plants, flowers vary both quantitatively and functionally with position such that flowers borne distally are functionally staminate. Corolla, anther, style, and ovary length of staminate flowers are significantly smaller than those of hermaphrodite flowers and they have fewer, smaller ovules. Failure of fruit set in staminate flowers is due to a combination of factors. Stigmas and styles of staminate flowers are reduced and appear to lack the secretions necessary for normal pollen germination and growth. In the ovules, the integumentary tapet.
Processes of desertification by goats overgrazing in the Tamaulipan thornscrub (matorral) in north-eastern Mexico.

During the period of October 1995 to October 1996 a single overgrazing episode was monitored to determine the effects of overgrazing by goats on leaf cover in five vertical strata. Soil bulk density, infiltration rates, organic matter content, and the concentration of soil macronutrients within the Tamaulipan thornscrub (matorral) of north-eastern Mexico were assessed. Variance, covariance, and principal component analyses of the data suggest that leaf cover and soil bulk density were affected by overgrazing. There were no statistically significant differences in infiltration rates, organic matter content, or macronutrients. This may be the result of the large spatial variability associated with these parameters or the short time period in which these parameters were monitored. Changes in plant species composition, vegetation cover, and soil compaction were identified as early responses to overgrazing within this ecosystem. The importance of identifying early indicators of overgrazing and the need for future research are discussed.
Identification of Mutants for Abnormal Pollen Development in Rice

To gain a comprehensive understanding of the genetic regulation of male gametogenesis, we screened and identified mutants for abnormal pollen development in rice (Oryza sativa L.). We gamma-irradiated spikelets of a japonica rice cultivar, Taichung 65, just before and after anthesis. Among 1,000 M2 lines, 24 lines were identified as mutants for pollen sterility. Progeny tests in M3 demonstrated that pollen sterility in 12 lines was controlled by single recessive genes, designated sps1–sps12 (sporophytic pollen sterility). In the remaining 12 lines, pollen semi-sterility was under the control of gametophytic genes, designated gps1–gps12 (gametophytic pollen sterility). Linkage analysis revealed that sps6, sps9, and sps12 were mapped on chromosomes 3, 9, and 7, respectively.
Hoax and Journalism in Media Literacy Approach

The contents of journalism have rules when a news to broadcast. At least nine elements journalist was be border it. If journalism is required to uphold these nine principles, so should social media. The controller by individuals itself. Hoaxes, slanders, and expressions of hatred are increasingly out of control. Public ethics on social media do not seem to apply so that people easily attack, judge, or curse with harsh words. The research to describe Hoaxes and Journalism is different term. In the realm of journalism, before disseminating information there are signs that must be fulfilled. There are several layers that must be passed when news can be disseminated. The role of the gatekeeper in the mass media has an important role. The gatekeeper here serves to select every news content starting from, pictures, grammar, logic and socio-cultural impact of news. Editors, editor, language editor to editor in chief are part of the gatekeepers. In the aftermath of the rampant waste of information on social media, people tend to see reality based on their own glasses. The reality carried by a group of people is believed and distorts the meaning and severity of what is believed is then fought for. The spread of Hoax has also opened up real
Does Elastography Have a Place in Evaluating Tissue Stiffness in Testicular Torsion?

Background: One of the most important urologic emergencies is testicular torsion in children. Elastography is as an objective method in diagnosis and treatment of testicular torsion, with grayscale and colored images. Our study presents an original framework, which may guide certain research and practices in this field. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasound (US)-elastography for the diagnostic performance of testicular torsion. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 16 male white New Zealand rabbits of the same weight and age were selected and divided into two groups. In group I, the right testicle was fixed, and in group II, the right testicle underwent 720° torsion in a counterclockwise direction and fixed. Following 1 and 2 hours of ischemia, measurements of the right and left testicles were performed simultaneously. The left testicle was measured again after 24 hours in order to better observe the changes that right testicular ischemia might have had on the left testicle. Results: A statistically significant increase was detected in the elastography values of the right testicle at 1, 2, and 24 hours (P < 0.05). Elastography values were significantly increased in the left testicle after 24 hours (P < 0.05). The elastographic measurement values of the testicular tissue increased significantly with the increase in the duration of ischemia. Conclusion: With the width of its imaging window and healthy evaluation opportunity, elastography is a method in determining tissue stiffness of unilateral and contralateral testicular structures. In this study, the efficacy of elastography was evaluated. As a future research, further studies are needed to evaluate the elastography values in epididmo-orchitis and other causes of acute scrotum.
Global Prevalence of Malnutrition: Evidence from Literature

Malnutrition is a widespread problem, affecting the global population at some life stage. This public health epidemic targets everyone, but the most vulnerable groups are poverty-stricken people, young children, adolescents, older people, those who are with illness and have a compromised immune system, as well as lactating and pregnant women. Malnutrition includes both undernutrition (wasting, stunting, underweight, and mineral- and vitamin-related malnutrition) and overnutrition (overweight, obesity, and diet-related noncommunicable diseases). In combating malnutrition, healthcare costs increase, productivity is reduced, and economic growth is staggered, thus perpetuating the cycle of ill health and poverty. The best-targeted age for addressing malnutrition is the first 1000 days of life as this window period is ideal for intervention implementation and tracking for the improvement of child growth and development. There is an unprecedented opportunity to address the various forms of malnutrition, especially the 2016–2025 Decade of Action on Nutrition set by the United Nation. This aims to achieve the relevant targets of the Sustainable Development Goals that aim to end hunger and improve nutrition, as well as promote well-being and ensure healthy lives.
Cross-sectional area relationships in root systems of loblolly and shortleaf pine

The relationship between cross-sectional root area at groundline and composite root area (the sum of the areas of the first-order lateral roots plus the area of the taproot subtending the most distal lateral root) was examined in 3- to 9-year-old loblolly and shortleaf pine (Pinustaeda L. and P. echinata Mill.). For both species, root area at groundline and composite root area were highly correlated, and the slopes in equations relating the two root areas were close to 1.0. These results imply that (i) the pipe model of tree form is appropriate for young root systems, and (ii) the development of basal stem diameter is directly related to root system development.
Distribution of CRa in clubroot resistance (CR) cultivars of Chinese cabbage

Clubroot resistance (CR) is an important trait for Chinese cabbage (Brassca rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). Since no CR genes had been found throughout Chinese cabbage lines originally, they were introduced from CR European turnips. Distribution of CR genes in the commercial cultivar is important information for CR breeding, but it has been scarcely known at molecular level. In this work, CR of 47 Chinese cabbage cultivars were analyzed phenotypically and genotypically. More than 80% of them exhibited high resistance phenotype, and all of the cultivars with high resistance were found to have CRa, one of the genes controlling CR. Majority of these cultivars were heterozygote for resistance, which is reasonable because CRa controls the resistance single-dominantly. This is the first work reporting the distribution of CR gene in Chinese cabbage cultivars and provides important and practical information for breeders and farmers. Further applications of CR genes are also discussed.
The use of induced mutations to study shoot architecture in Capsicum

Towards our goal to produce a saturated mutation library of pepper as a tool to study pepper development, we generated an EMS mutant collection of 1650 M2 families of the blocky Capsicum annuum cultivar Maor. M2 families were evaluated for changes in characters related to shoot architecture. The main categories of mutations, which included changes in sympodial growth, leaf structure, and plant height, are described. Some of the mutant phenotypes were very frequent (e.g., 10% of all mutants were affected in plant height), while others were found only once. This difference in mutation rate may reflect varying complexities of genetic control for different traits or different rates of mutability in different genes. By utilizing phenotypic similarities with known mutants of model species, we will be able to test candidate genes for controlling the pepper mutations. This will allow comparing gene function within the Solanaceae family and across more diverse plant species, and will increase understanding of the .
Effects of novelty and gregariousness in survival of aposematic prey

We examined the reactions of captive wild great tits to novel unpalatable prey with (1) a traditional aposematic signal (black and yellow) (2) a novel signal (light pink), and (3) a control signal (brown). Prey were offered either singly or in groups to see whether novel signals with fewer possibilities for synergistic benefits are more dependent on grouping than are the traditional signals. Indeed, responses of birds toward unpalatable prey depended significantly on spatial distribution of prey (grouping versus solitary) and die type of die signal. Birds avoided more the traditional black and yellow signals than novel pink signals in both experimental set ups, but both of diese prey items survived better in aggregation than solitarily. The success of traditional signals may demonstrate the importance of synergistic selection across species in die evolution of warning coloration (Le., Mullerian mimicry). Unpalatable prey individuals benefit strongly from using irimilar color patterns. Our results suggest that aggregation may be important for die evolution of novel signals in particular, even if a synergistic selection component is also present Key words. Aposematism, great tit, gregariousness, novel signal, Parus major, traditional signal. [B*hav Ecol 8:174-177 (1997)]
Ocorrência de Salmonella spp. em carcaças de frangos recém abatidos em feiras e mercados da cidade de Manaus-AM

This research evaluates the levels of salmonella that are present in chicken carcasses commercialized in shops and public markets in different zones in the city of Manaus, Amazonas Brazil. Sixty samples were randomly collected in a period of eleven weeks and examined specifically for Salmonella presence. Fifty percent of the samples were positive for Salmonella, and 67 serovars were isolated and distributed mainly among 11 different sorotypes. Those identified,S. panama, S. mbandaka, S. schwarzengrund, S. typhimurium, S. albany, S. agona, corresponded to 85%. The contamination of Salmonella is dependent on various factors, and its occurrence may berelated to the hygeine conditions of the poultry farm. The methodology used for the microbiological detection was that recommende by the "Food and Drugs Administration" of the United States of America.
Development of Haptic Stylus for Manipulating Virtual Objects in Mobile Devices

In mobile devices, the screen size limits conveyance of immersive experiences; haptic feedback coupled with visual feedback is expected to have a better effect to maximize the level of immersion. Therefore, this paper presents a miniature tunable haptic stylus based on magnetorheological (MR) fluids to provide kinesthetic information to users. The designed stylus has a force generation, force transmission, and housing part; moreover, in the stylus, all three operating modes of MR fluids contribute to the haptic actuation to produce a wide range of resistive force generated by MR fluids in a limited size, thereby providing a variety of pressing sensations to users. A universal testing machine was constructed to evaluate haptic performance of the proposed haptic stylus, whose resistive force was measured with the constructed setup as a function of pressed depth and input current, and by varying the pressed depth and pressing speed. Under maximum input voltage, the stylus generates a wide range of resistive force from 2.33 N to 27.47 N, whereas under maximum pressed depth it varied from 1.08 N to 27.47 N with a corresponding change in voltage input from 0 V to 3.3 V. Therefore, the proposed haptic stylus can create varied haptic sensations.
Arabidopsisgenes that regulate flowering time in response to day-length

Abstract Flowering of the model plant speciesArabidopsis thalianais influenced by the length of time that the plants are exposed to light (photoperiod) during each day. We have studied mutations that reduce or abolish the promotion of flowering that is normally seen under long photoperiods. One of the genes affected by one of these mutations has been cloned, and is predicted to encode a transcription factor. We are also studying mutations that prevent the delay in flowering that is normally found when plants are grown under short photoperiods, and the genes affected by some of these mutations are being cloned. Mutations causing early and late flowering have also been combined in double mutants, and the phenotypes of these plants suggest how these different types of flowering time genes might interact.
Adenine for guanine substitution — pairs 5‘ to the apolipoprotein (APO) A4 gene: relation with hgh density lipoprotein cholesterol and APO A‐I concentrations

Civeira F, Pocovi M, Cenarro A, Garces C, Ordovas JM. Adenine for guanine substitution 78 base pairs 5′ to the apolipoprotein (APO) A‐I gene: relation with high density lipoprotein cholesterol and APO A‐I concentrations.