Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation on Stress, Mild Psychiatric Symptoms, and Mood in Nonclinical Samples: A Meta-Analysis

Objective Biochemical processes in the brain affect mood. Minor dietary inadequacies, which are responsible for a small decline in an enzyme’s efficiency, could cumulatively influence mood states. When diet does not provide an optimal intake of micronutrients, supplementation is expected to benefit mood. This meta-analysis evaluated the influence of diet supplementation on mood in nonclinical samples. Methods Databases were evaluated and studies were included if they considered aspects of stress, mild psychiatric symptoms, or mood in the general population; were randomized and placebo-controlled; evaluated the influence of multivitamin/mineral supplements for at least 28 days. Eight studies that met the inclusion criteria were integrated using meta-analysis. Results Supplementation reduced the levels of perceived stress (standard mean difference [SMD] = 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.47–0.22; p = .001), mild psychiatric symptoms (SMD = 0.30; 95% CI = 0.43–0.18; p = .001), and anxiety (SMD = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.48–0.16; p < .001), but not depression (SMD = 0.20; 95% CI = 0.42–0.030; p < .089). Fatigue (SMD = 0.27; 95% CI = 0.40–0.146; p < .001) and confusion (SMD = 0.225; 95% CI = 0.38–0.07; p < .003) were also reduced. Conclusions Micronutrient supplementation has a beneficial effect on perceived stress, mild psychiatric symptoms, and aspects of everyday mood in apparently healthy individuals. Supplements containing high doses of B vitamins may be more effective in improving mood states. Questions about optimal levels of micronutrient intake, optimal doses, and active ingredients arise.
Photosynthetic Antenna Size in Higher Plants Is Controlled by the Plastoquinone Redox State at the Post-transcriptional Rather than Transcriptional Level*

We analyze the effect of the plastoquinone redox state on the regulation of the light-harvesting antenna size at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. This was approached by studying transcription and accumulation of light-harvesting complexes in wild type versus the barley mutant viridis zb63, which is depleted in photosystem I and where plastoquinone is constitutively reduced. We show that the mRNA level of genes encoding antenna proteins is almost unaffected in the mutant; this stability of messenger level is not a peculiarity of antenna-encoding genes, but it extends to all photosynthesis-related genes. In contrast, analysis of protein accumulation by two-dimensional PAGE shows that the mutant undergoes strong reduction of its antenna size, with individual gene products having different levels of accumulation. We conclude that the plastoquinone redox state plays an important role in the long term regulation of chloroplast protein expression. However, its modulation is active at the post-transcriptional rather than transcriptional level.
Intrafirm planning and mathematical modeling of owner's equity in industrial enterprises

The article aims to review the different approaches to intrafirm planning of owner's equity in industrial enterprises. Since charter capital, additional capital and reserve capital do not change in the process of enterprise activity, the main interest lies on the field of share repurchases from shareholders and retained earnings within the owner's equity of the enterprise. In order to study the effect of share repurchases on the activities of the enterprise, let us use such mathematical methods as event study and econometric modeling. This article describes the step-by-step algorithm of carrying out event study and justifies the choice of Logit model in econometric analysis. The article represents basic results of conducted regression analysis on the effect of share repurchases on the key financial indicators in industrial enterprises.
Contrasting Effects of in Vitro Fertilization and Nuclear Transfer on the Expression of mtDNA Replication Factors

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is normally only inherited through the oocyte. However, nuclear transfer (NT), the fusion of a donor cell with an enucleated oocyte, can transmit both donor cell and recipient oocyte mtDNA. mtDNA replication is under the control of nuclear-encoded replication factors, such as polymerase gamma (POLG) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). These are first expressed during late preimplantation embryo development. To account for the persistence of donor cell mtDNA, even when introduced at residual levels (mtDNAR), we hypothesized that POLG and TFAM would be upregulated in intra- and interspecific (ovine–ovine) and intergeneric (caprine–ovine) NT embryos when compared to in vitro fertilized (IVF) embryos. For the intra- and interspecific crosses, PolGA (catalytic subunit), PolGB (accessory subunit), and TFAM mRNA were expressed at the 2-cell stage in both nondepleted (mtDNA+) and mtDNAR embryos with protein being expressed up to the 16-cell stage for POLGA and TFAM. However, at the 16-cell stage, there was significantly more PolGA expression in the mtDNAR embryos compared to their mtDNA+ counterparts. Expression for all three genes first matched IVF embryos at the blastocyst stage. In the intergeneric model, POLG was upregulated during preimplantation development. Although these embryos did not persist further than the 16+-cell stage, significantly more mtDNAR embryos reached this stage. However, the vast majority of these embryos were homoplasmic for recipient oocyte mtDNA. The upreglation in mtDNA replication factors was most likely due to the donor cells still expressing these factors prior to NT.
Asynchronous Deep Q-Learning for Breakout with RAM inputs

We implemented Asynchronous Deep Q-learning to learn the Atari 2600 game Breakout with RAM inputs. We tested the performance of the our agent by varying network structure, training policy, and environment settings. We saw the he most notable improvement through changing the environment settings. Furthermore, we observed interesting training effects when we used a Boltzmann-Q Policy that encouraged exploration by putting an upper bound on the greediness of the algorithm.
Age‐Associated Changes in Pineal Adrenergic Receptors and Melatonin Synthesizing Enzymes in the Wistar Rat

The nocturnal stimulation of pineal melatonin synthesis and elevation of serum melatonin is known to be reduced in old age in several species. In Wistar rats the capacity of the β‐adrenoceptor to develop supersensitivity (increase in Bmax) during the light period of the diurnal light/dark cycle is lost during maturation (3–6 months) rather than old age. Further, the present study shows that neither the α1‐ nor β‐adrenoceptor density of the pineal declines as rats age. Pineal hydroxyindole‐O‐methyltransferase activity does fall (17–55%) in rats after 18 months of age, but nocturnal pineal arylalkylamine N‐acetyltransferase activity is not significantly altered. Thus, from examination of these parameters across the life span of the rat, it seems likely that the reported reduction in serum melatonin in old animals is related to a reduced capacity of the pineal to synthesize melatonin, rather than an altered responsiveness of the gland to neural stimulation.
Maternal cigarette smoking and oral clefts: a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE A meta-analysis was performed to estimate the association between maternal cigarette smoking and the risk of having a child with a nonsyndromic oral cleft (NSOC). DESIGN Studies published from 1966 through 1996 were retrieved using MEDLINE, Current Contents, bibliographies, and other sources. MEDLINE and Current Contents search terms included "oral clefts," "cigarette smoking," "birth defects," and "congenital malformations. " Cohort and case-control studies that enrolled oral cleft patients [cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P), cleft palate (CP), or both] and controls, and presented information on maternal cigarette exposure during pregnancy were included in the analysis. Descriptive and outcome data from each study were independently abstracted by two authors. RESULTS The overall odds ratio of the 11 studies satisfying criteria was 1.29 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.18 to 1.42] for CL/P and 1.32 (95% CI: 1.10 to 1.62) for CP, indicating a small increase risk of having a child with either a CL/P or a CP for mothers who smoke during the first trimester of the pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS These analyses suggest a small but statistically significant association between maternal cigarette smoking during the first trimester of gestation and increased risk of having a child with a CL/P or CP.
Peer Review: Issues in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

Wagner AK, Boninger ML, Levy C, Chan L, Gater D, Kirby RL: Peer review: Issues in physical medicine and rehabilitation. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2003;82:790–802. Peer review, although the standard for evaluating scientific research, is not without flaws. Peer reviewers have been shown to be inconsistent and to miss major strengths and deficiencies in studies. Both reviewer and author biases, including conflicts of interest and positive outcome publication biases, are frequent topics of study and debate. Additional concerns have been raised regarding inappropriate authorship and adequate reporting of the ethical process involving human and animal experimentation. Despite these issues, a good peer review can provide positive feedback to authors and improve the quality of research reported in medical journals. This article reviews some issues and points of concern regarding the peer-review process, and it suggests guidelines for new (and established) reviewers in the area of physical medicine and rehabilitation. It also provides suggestions for editorial considerations and improvements in the peer-review process for physical medicine and rehabilitation research journals.
Developing As a Leader and Decision Maker

This chapter makes it clear that a significant element of both leadership and decision making is the development aspect. Leaders develop in their decision making by being confronted with difficult decision situations. However, they also develop through various forms of systemized training and education. Different leaders tend to develop in different directions. For this reason, one can identify a number of key leadership styles based on different ways of leading. These different styles are appropriate for various types of organization. Some organizations require a strict and authoritative style, while others are in greater need of a more democratic style. Senior leaders often have the capacity to switch between different leadership styles depending on how the situation develops. In addition, there are a number of key decision-making roles that leaders are expected to manage. These include the role of entrepreneur, problem-solver, resource-allocator and negotiator. Leaders must also learn to work with clarity, conviction, courage, and communication in order to facilitate their decisions. Research shows that leaders who face severe adversity in their careers often are forced to make many difficult decisions. As a result they develop. Being forced to make difficult decisions actually leads to reflection, self-awareness and self-knowledge of one’s own values. Leaders also develop by communicating their problems in a structured way with more experienced colleagues. The fact that leaders develop by making difficult decisions leads to various forms of action having a central role. It is by putting decisions into action that leaders develop, as well as by reflecting on what alternative decisions could have been made. An action perspective on leadership decisions is closely linked to the concept of sense-making. This phenomenon implies observation, action, revision and communication in the aftermath of a decision. There is research indicating that reflection, critical thinking, intuition, ethics and communication are important dimensions of leaders and decision makers who are generally perceived as wise.
Introduce randomness into AdaBoost for robust performance on noisy data

AdaBoost is a well-known ensemble learning algorithm that generates weak classifiers sequentially and then combines them into a strong one. Also it shows its resistance to overfitting in low noise data cases , a lot of experiments[2,3,4] have shown that it is quite sensitive on noisy data. Several modifications to AdaBoost have been proposed to deal with noisy data. Bagging and Random forests have shown their resistance to noisy data which could be explained partially by their randomness. We study on introducing randomness into AdaBoost and propose a method called TRandom-AdaBoost which domains AdaBoost on both low and high noise dataset. We conjecture that the success of the proposed method could be explained by regarding it as a Random Forest with an ergodic sequence of weighted base hypotheses where the weights are generated by the technique used in AdaBoost.
Adaptive bone remodeling around bonded noncemented total hip arthroplasty: A comparison between animal experiments and computer simulation

Severe loss of bone related to stress‐shielding is one problem threatening the long‐term integrity of noncemented total hip arthroplasty. It is widely accepted that this phenomenon is caused by adaptive bone remodeling according to Wolff's law. Recently, quantitative bone‐remodeling theories have been proposed, suitable for use in computer‐simulation models in combination with finite‐element codes, which can be applied to simulate the long‐term effect of the remodeling process. In the present paper, the results of such a computer simulation are compared with those in an animal experiment. A three‐dimensional finite‐element model was constructed from an animal experimental configuration concerning the implantation of a fully coated femoral hip prosthesis in dogs. The simulation results of the adaptive bone‐remodeling process (geometric adaptations at the periosteal surface and density adaptations within the cancellous bone) were compared with cross‐sectional measurements of the canine femurs after 2 years of follow‐up. The detailed comparison showed that long‐term changes in the morphology of bone around femoral components of total hip replacements can be fully explained with the present quantitative adaptive bone‐remodeling theory.
Band widening technique for small integrated packaged antennas

In this work a different approach to widen the bandwidth of an electrically small antenna is proposed. Unlike other methods reported in literature the idea explored here uses the feeding network to improve the bandwidth. The methodology is illustrated using a circular patch antenna for testing purposes, but there is no fundamental reason why this approach would not work for other types of antenna. All presented results were obtained from full wave simulations of the antenna structure using commercial software.
Architectures of the unique domains associated with the DEAD-box helicase motif

Helicases are motor proteins of biological system, which catalyze the opening of energetically stable duplex nucleic acids in an ATP-dependent manner and thereby are involved in almost all aspects of nucleic acid metabolism including cell cycle progression. They contain several conserved domains including the DEAD-box and also several unique domains associated with these. The Pfam database (http://pfam.janelia.org/) is a large collection of protein families, each represented by multiple sequence alignments and hidden Markov models (HMMs). A diverse range of proteins are found in nature, and the functional specificity to each protein, to a greater extent, is imparted by its domain architecture. To this extent, a DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase (LOC_Os01g36890; Genomic sequence length: 6284 nucleotides; CDS length: 1299 nucleotides; Protein length: 432 amino acids) was studied. The protein sequence was imported for domain search on Pfam. This particular Pfam entry after covering a large proportion of the sequences in the underlying database has generated a more comprehensive coverage across a wide range of phyla of the known domains that are associated with the typical DEAD-box helicase motif. A total of 362 domain architectures were recollected from the Pfam database for the Family: DEAD (PF00270). We have therefore systematically analyzed the domains closely associated with DEAD-motif, which occur in a variety of proteins and can provide insights into their function.
Learning Procedures from Examples and by Doing

This paper describes a program that learns procedures by examining worked-out examples in a textbook and bv working problems two kinds of production (If-then) rules are created: working forward rules that produce an action when a proceduie is executed and difference rules that suggest operators from observed transformations. Dining example learning, the program examines two states in an example, fig tires out the operator that produced the second state and creates a production with some part ot the first line in the condition with the operator-tor in the action. During learning by working problems, the program generates its own example trace by problem solving and uses the same example learning techniques.
Transition to a Sustainable Electricity System

Based on theoretical insight from evolutionary economics and technology studies this paper presents a conceptual framework to analyse processes of systems change and aims to refine the framework through an empirical analysis of developments in a specific system of production and consumption. The focus is on the electricity system where the dominance of incremental improvement along an established design and fossil-based technological paths has made it difficult for alternatives to gain significant ground. Nevertheless, there also cases where new practices emerge, become embedded within the system, and even have the potential to significantly alter the existing system. Empirically, the paper focuses on explaining the emergence of deviations of established paths and their relative success, as understanding these processes is a key to understanding as to how transitions may occur. The examples highlighted in this paper are the fast rise of combined heat and power generation and the emergence and diffusion of green electricity in the Dutch electricity system. Decentralised combined heat and power generation increased from 13% in 1988 to 36% in 1999, while 26% of all households bought green electricity in 2003 after the concept was initiated in 1995. Core aspects that are highlighted are the role of ‘prime movers’, network formation, and processes of institutional change. Prime movers play an important role such as to raise awareness, to undertake investments and to provide legitimacy for new technologies or products. As prime movers may trigger wider transformation processes, they are likely to be well positioned to take advantage of the momentum that is generated. Secondly, the research points out that the building or restructuring of networks is required to deviate from familiar paths and to establish new practices. Thirdly, the introduction of a new product or technology often needs to be accompanied by further institutional change in order to gain momentum and to change a technological system. Processes of standardisation, building legitimacy and adapting regulatory frameworks are examples of this.
What Is Known and What Should Be Known About Factors Affecting Financial Sustainability in the Public Sector: A Literature Review

The international literature suggests that the causes of weak financial sustainability of public organizations depend on both external and internal conditions. Whereas the external conditions are related to demographic and socio-economic factors, the internal conditions are associated with the political and managerial settings, and thus, the latter could be addressed by the local government with the aim to maintain financial sustainability over the long term. Based on a literature review, the authors explain the most consolidated trend of such variables with respect to the impact of those variables on financial sustainability, and simultaneously, they reveal a disproportion in what the literature has most recently analyzed. Ultimately, the authors highlight the need for further research regarding the managerial factors and additional cross-country comparisons of the roles of both external and internal conditions. What Is Known and What Should Be Known About Factors Affecting Financial Sustainability in the Public Sector: A Literature Review
Modified Detrended Fluctuation Analysis Method in Depth of Anesthesia Assessment Application

In this paper, we propose to assess the depth of anesthesia using modified detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) method. The separation of different anesthesia stages was conducted using the different box size which is derived from the DFA method together with fast Fourier transform (FFT). Using this new method, we can discriminate four states of anesthesia: deep anesthesia, moderate anesthesia, light anesthesia and awake clearly. The results are shown in experimental simulations.
Factors of networked economy development in Ukraine: economic and legal context

Urgency of the research. In modern conditions of global economy development, non-material factors of production, in particular information and knowledge, become the main factor of innovative development of the economy and the basis for increasing the country competitiveness. The use of information and communication technologies (ICT) as one of the most important mechanisms for managing the network economy, provides a reduction in transaction costs and production efficiency increasing, more efficient business model use, reduction in the production and sales cycle, more accurate forecasting of the economic conjuncture. In turn, the network economy allows enterprises to use their potential more widely and reach set goals. Target setting. Today, when competition becomes a global phenomenon, the success of developed economies depends to a large extent on the ability to acquire, develop and disseminate knowledge, information and introduce advanced technologies. In order to ensure the process continuity, it is necessary to clearly identify the network economy catalyzing and constraining factors, which will help to generate greater economic benefits and will manage the risks and negative consequences of the ICT spread in business and society. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. When studying the network economy development factors, the following works are of great importance: the studies by M. Castells [1], in which the author analyzed current trends leading to the network economy formation in details, and by K. Kelly [2], who determined a number of features and principles of the "network economy" in market conditions. Practical aspects of this problems in Ukrainian scientific thought were investigated by Belyatskaya T.N, Knyazeva L.P. [3], Vyshnevsky A.S [4], Zybareva O.V. , [5] Prognimak O.D. [6], Sokolova G. B. [7]. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The issue of economic development factors of economic structures, considering the specifics of the network principles of the functioning of the economic mechanism and the peculiarities of the domestic market environment requires sufficient studying. The research objective is to identify the network economy development factors in Ukraine that deter / facilitate the business development in Ukraine on the basis of analysis of international indexes of the information environment development, to justify threats to information security of doing business in Ukraine. The statement of basic materials. The factors determining the willingness of Ukrainian enterprises to participate in the network economy on the basis of the dynamics analysis of the network readiness (NRI 20102016) and doing business (DB 2010-2018) indexes using SWOT analysis are described in Table 1. Table 1 Network readiness of Ukrainian enterprises in 2010-2018