Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Steady Supplies or Stockpiles? Demand for Corn-Based Distillers Grains by the U.S. Beef Industry

The projected expansion in U.S. corn-based ethanol production over the next several years has created concern that large surpluses of distillers grains may result. Most of the distillers grains currently being produced are consumed by the domestic livestock and poultry industries, especially the beef industry. A recent study by the Center for Agricultural and Rural Development projects that the U.S. ethanol industry could produce between 40 million and 88 million metric tons of distillers grains (dry matter basis) per year by 2011. The proportion of these distillers grains that would need to be consumed by the beef industry to prevent surpluses poses questions about how much distillers grains can be included in beef rations, the effects of feeding distillers grains on beef quality, and how current consumption patterns are likely to change as production of distillers grains increases. As more data from feeding trials have become available, a better understanding of the benefits and effects of feeding distillers grains is emerging. In this paper, we use results from a recent USDA producer survey about co-product use in beef production to project how current patterns of use are likely to change as the volume and availability of distillers dried grains increases. We then review recent results from feeding trials using distillers grains in beef rations, including nutritional value and effects on live animal performance and beef quality. Finally, we discuss some of the new technologies being used to improve distillers grains as a ration ingredient and present some general conclusions.
The Little Cub: Discovery of an Extremely Metal-poor Star-forming Galaxy in the Local Universe

We report the discovery of the Little Cub, an extremely metal-poor star-forming galaxy in the local universe, found in the constellation Ursa Major (a.k.a. the Great Bear). We first identified the Little Cub as a candidate metal-poor galaxy based on its Sloan Digital Sky Survey photometric colors, combined with spectroscopy using the Kast spectrograph on the Shane 3 m telescope at Lick Observatory. In this Letter, we present high-quality spectroscopic data taken with the Low Resolution Imaging Spectrometer at Keck Observatory, which confirm the extremely metal-poor nature of this galaxy. Based on the weak [O iii] λ4363 Å emission line, we estimate a direct oxygen abundance of 12 + log(O/H) = 7.13 ± 0.08, making the Little Cub one of the lowest-metallicity star-forming galaxies currently known in the local universe. The Little Cub appears to be a companion of the spiral galaxy NGC 3359 and shows evidence of gas stripping. We may therefore be witnessing the quenching of a near-pristine galaxy as it makes its first passage about a Milky Way–like galaxy.
High-resolution spectroscopic observations of post-asymptotic giant branch candidates from the Edinburgh-Cape Survey

High spectral resolution (R ∼ 40 000) and signal-to-noise optical spectra, obtained at the Very Large Telescope (VLT), are presented for three post-asymptotic giant branch (AGB) candidates selected from the Edinburgh-Cape (EC) Faint Blue Object Survey. The stellar atmospheric parameters and chemical compositions, derived using sophisticated non-local thermodynamic equilibrium calculations, reveal that EC 14102-1337 and EC 20068-7324 are both in an evolved post-horizontal branch (HB) evolutionary state. However, EC 11507-2253 is most likely a post-AGB star.
Marker characterization of vernalization and low-temperature tolerance loci in barley genotypes adapted to semi-arid environments

Benkherbache N. , Tondelli A. , Djekoune A. , Francia E. , Pecchioni N. , Hassous L. , Stanca A.M. (2016): Marker characterization of vernalization and low-temperature tolerance loci in barley genotypes adapted to semi-arid environments. Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed. , 52: 157–162. For the purpose of marker assisted selection (MAS), six Algerian cultivars and landraces developed locally or introduced from external breeding programs for semi-arid environments were marker characterized at VRN-H1, VRN-H2 and FR-H2 loci. As controls the lines Nure and Tremois were used. Markers available in the literature, known to discriminate efficiently the trait-associated alleles between the two cultivars Nure and Tremois, were used. This study revealed that the used Algerian cultivars carry a dominant (spring) allele for VRN-H1, while the HvZCCT marker generated a polymorphic profile for the second vernalization locus VRN-H2. No cultivars possessed the Nure allele conferring tolerance to low-temperatures at the HvCBF4. Three cultivars possessed the Tremois allele at FR-H2, while the remaining three presented different haplotypes.
Comparison of local methods to detect vorticity in RANSsimulations of the flow in the wake of a marine propeller

The comparison between different methods to identify the wake vorticity structure from a RANS calculation of the flow around a marine propeller. Three methods are considered, vorticity magnitude, Q-factor and total pressure variation. Of these methods the total pressure variation method turned out to give the most reasonable results, whereas Q-factor method showed some problems with the accuracy. The total vorticity method showed good results and was stable for the whole range of advance ratios.
Tropical Forests in the Anthropocene

The Anthropocene is characterized as an epoch when human influence has begun to fundamentally alter many aspects of the Earth system and many of the planet’s biomes. Here, we review and synthesize our understanding of Anthropocene changes in tropical forests. Key facets include deforestation driven by agricultural expansion, timber and wood extraction, the loss of fauna that maintain critical ecological connections, the spread of fire, landscape fragmentation, the spread of second-growth forests, new species invasion and pathogen spread, increasing CO2, and climate change. The patterns of change are spatially heterogeneous, are often characterized by strong interactions among different drivers, can have both large-scale and remote effects, and can play out through ecological cascades over long timescales. As a consequence, most tropical forests are on a trajectory to becoming altered ecosystems, with the degree of alteration dependent on the intensity and duration of the current bottleneck of human-induced pressures. We highlight the importance of this understanding to develop the strategies necessary for shaping the transition of tropical forests through the early Anthropocene, as well as highlight the opportunities and challenges for the tropical forest science community in the coming decades.
Thermal Conductivity of Intermetallic Compounds with Metallic Bonding

Thermal conductivity is one of the key parameters required for high-temperature structural applications of metallic materials. In this overview, the thermal conductivity of intermetallic compounds are extensively described based mainly on our past works, since there had been less works in this research field. Emphasis is placed on the B2 and the L12 compounds with metallic bonding such as NiAl, Ni3Al, etc., which have been attracting attention for engineering applications at higher temperatures. The thermal conductivity data have been accumulated for the intermetallic compounds, and the phenomenological aspects are reviewed in detail as a function of alloy composition, constituent and temperature. The Wiedemann-Franz law is applicable to the intermetallic compounds, indicating that the carrier of thermal conduction is an electron rather than a phonon. The thermal conductivity of an intermetallic compound with the ordered crystal structure is characterized as an enhancement due to ordering with reference to the basic contribution of solid solution with the disordered crystal structure. It is demonstrated that the thermal conductivity of intermetallic compounds is reduced by the addition of a third element, and this subject is also covered.
Income Taxation and Growth in an OLG Economy: Does Aggregate Uncertainty Play any Role?

We analyze the effects of capital income taxation on long-run growth in a stochastic, two-period overlapping generations economy. Endogenous growth is driven by a positive externality of physical capital in the production sector that makes firms exhibit an aggregate technology in equilibrium. We distinguish between capital income and labor income, and between attitudes towards risk and intertemporal substitution of consumption. We show necessary and sufficient conditions such that i) increments in the capital income taxation lead to higher equilibrium growth rates, and ii) the effect of changes in the capital income tax rate on the equilibrium growth may be of opposite signs in stochastic and in deterministic economies. Such a sign reversal is shown to be more likely depending on i) how the intertemporal elasticity of substitution compares to one, and ii) the size of second- period labor supply. Numerical simulations show that for reasonable values of the intertemporal elasticity of substitution, a sign reversal shows up only for implausibly high values of the second- period’s labor supply. The conclusion is that deterministic OLG economies are a good approximation of the effect of taxes on the equilibrium growth rate as in Smith (1996).
Phylogeny and morphology of Phaeosphaeriopsis triseptata sp. nov. , and Phaeosphaeriopsis glaucopunctata

A collection of the type species of Phaeosphaeriopsis , P. glaucopunctata , and a new species associated with leaf spots of Ruscus aculeatus were collected in Italy. Single ascospore isolates of both species were obtained and formed asexual morphs in culture. Combined ITS, LSU, SSU and RPB2 gene sequence analysis from taxa in Phaeosphaeriaceae showed that P. glaucopunctata and the new species cluster in Phaeosphaeriaceae, forming a separate clade from other species in the family. In this study, we designate our new collection of P. glaucopunctata as an epitype. The new Phaeosphaeriopsis species is morphologically similar to P. glaucopunctata , but has 3-septate ascospores. A detailed description and illustration is provided for both species and the new taxon is compared with other Phaeosphaeriopsis species. Phaeosphaeriopsis musae is excluded from Phaeosphaeriopsis based on morphology and multigene phylogenetic analysis and synonymized under Phaeosphaeria musae. In present study seven species are accepted in the genus Phaeosphaeriopsis and a key to species is provided.
Interaction and activity of nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans on Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae)

Haematobia irritans, also known as the horn fly, is a “plague” that spreads rapidly among cattle herds, especially in the southeast of Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction and activity of nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) on H. irritans (Diptera: Muscidae). The experiment was conducted using the nematophagous fungus (AC001), which is harmless to animals, humans, and the environment. At the beginning of the experimental trial, samples of adult H. irritans were collected manually, directly from the dorsal region of naturally infested cattle of the Nelore breed. The flies where divided into two groups: groups of adult flies treated with AC001 (treated group) and groups of flies that did not receive treatment (control group). During the trial, the experiment was monitored daily for five days and the results were recorded. The results showed that the AC001 fungal isolate grew, colonized, and consequently caused the death of the flies in the treated group, while in the control group, no interaction or growth was observed, and the flies remained alive. It was concluded that the fungus D. flagrans interacted with adult flies, taking into consideration a “possible attack” by chitinase enzymes, since the fungal isolate drew on the chitin contained in the exoskeletons of the insects. In addition, attention should be focused on new studies that can demonstrate that, in the future, biological control of the horn fly could be an effective and safe method when compared with other methods. Key words: Biological control, Duddingtonia flagrans, horn fly, Nelore, Brazil.
Image Steganography using DWT and Blowfish Algorithms

We propose a steganography technique which embeds the secret messages in frequency domain. Unlike the space domain approaches, secret messages are embedded in the high frequency coefficients resulted from Discrete Wavelet Transform. A cryptography algorithm is used to convert the secret messages to an unreadable form before embedding. These algorithms keep the messages from stealing, destroying from unintended users on the internet and hence provide satisfactory security. Blowfish algorithm is used for encryption and decryption of text message using a secret-key block cipher. Blowfish is an evolutionary improvement over DES, 3DES, etc designed to increase security and to improve performance. This algorithm uses a variable key size up to 448 bits.
Lightning on HAT-P11 b ? L 1 Lightning as a possible source of the radio emission on HAT-P11 b

Lightning induced radio emission has been observed on Solar System planets. There have been many attempts to observe exoplanets in the radio wavelength, however, no unequivocal detection has been reported. Lecavelier des Etangs et al. (2013, A&A, 552, A65) carried out radio transit observations of the exoplanet HAT-P-11b, and suggested that a small part of the radio flux can be attributed to the planet. In the current letter, we assume that this signal is real, and study if this radio emission could be caused by lightning in the atmosphere of the planet. We find that a lightning storm with 530 times larger flash densities than the Earth-storms with the largest lightning activity is needed to produce the observed signal from HAT-P-11b. The optical counterpart would nevertheless be undetectable with current technology. We show that HCN produced by lightning chemistry of such thunderstorms is observable 2-3 years after the storm, which produces signatures in the L (3.0μm− 4.0μm) and N (7.5μm−14.5μm) infrared bands. We conclude that future, combined radio and infrared observations may lead to lightning detection on planets outside the Solar System.
COMPARISON OF SOME BIOMECHANICS PARAMETERS OF BREASTSTROKE SWIMMERS IN FLUME AND SWIMMING POOL

The purpose of this study was to compare some parameters of breaststroke swimmers in a swimming pool with those for breaststroke swimming in the flume, to search whether there is some difference between two test circumstances of swimming pool and flume in technical parameters. Four male breaststroke swimmers aged between16 and 18 years were studied. Subjects were required to swim in a 25m pool for best or familiar stroke length and tried to decrease stroke rate, and performed at three minute intervals at speeds ranging from 70% to 100% of the best performance of individuals. Subjects were familiarized to flume swimming on the day prior to be tested, then swam at the same speed based upon conversion from pool in swimming flume. According to testing we found that stroke rate, stroke length and efficiency index for pool and swimming flume at corresponding speeds were similar. Of course, there was as expected significant difference in the stroke rate and stroke length used between subjects to swim at the various speeds.
The Long-Term Tupiguarani Occupation in Southeastern Brazil

We discuss some aspects of the chronology of the Tupiguarani occupation in the southeastern Brazilian coast based on the analyses of 3 charcoal samples from the Morro Grande archaeological site (Rio de Janeiro state). 14C beta spectroscopy and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) techniques were used to determine ages of 2920 ± 70 BP, 2600 ± 160 BP, and 510 ± 160 BP. The occurrence of these ancient dates in southeastern Brazil has important implications for understanding the origin and dispersion of Tupian populations from Amazonia, supporting recent hypotheses that their expansion must have begun well before 2000 BP. On the other hand, the most recent date is a strong indication of a possible reoccupation of the site by the same cultural group around the time. These results show that the Tupiguarani occupation began at least about 3000 yr ago and lasted until its collapse with the European invasion in the 16th century.
Prevalence of Isolated Systolic Hypertension in Mexican Americans and Other Hispanics

Background: Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) is one of hypertension hemodynamic subtypes. Although the prevalence of hypertension has been reported in Hispanics, the prevalence of ISH has not been fully investigated. Design and Methods: 7,546 Hispanic adults aged ≥18 years, representative of the US civilian noninstitutionalized Hispanic population, were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) through a stratified multistage probability clustered sampling design. The prevalence estimates of ISH and 95% confidence intervals in Hispanics (including Mexican Americans and other Hispanics) were estimated by conducting weighted frequency and logistic procedures. Results: The prevalence of ISH was 11.21% among Hispanics adults in 1999-2010. The prevalence of ISH did not differ significantly between Mexican Americans and other Hispanics. Women were more prevalent in ISH than men (12.98% vs 8.98%) in Hispanics. Adults with a lower education (high school or below) had higher prevalence of ISH than adults with a higher education (college or above) in either of Hispanics (12.10% vs 7.58%) and Mexican Americans (12.14% vs 6.99%). For Hispanics and Mexican Americans, the prevalence of ISH was higher in elderly women than in elderly men, and higher in elderly adults with a lower education than in those with a higher education. Among all Hispanics who received a lower education, women had higher prevalence of ISH than men (14.17% vs 9.80%). In Mexican women, those with a lower education were more prevalent in ISH than those with a higher education (13.48% vs 6.64%). Conclusion: ISH is more prevalent in adults with a lower education in Mexican Americans. Considering Mexican Americans accounted for the vast majority of the Hispanic population and 74.09% of them received a high school education or below, more efforts and investments for enhancing the education attainment in Mexican Americans may significantly improve ISH in the Hispanic population.
Greasing the Wheels of Change: Bribery, Institutions, and New Product Introductions in Emerging Markets

Despite the consensus on the negative country-level implications of corruption, its consequences for firms are less understood. This study examines the effect of bribery on the innovative performance of firms in emerging markets as reflected by new product introductions. I argue that bribery may help innovators in these markets to introduce new products by overcoming bureaucratic obstacles, compensating for the lack of kinship or political affiliations, and hedging against political risk. I also propose that the relationship between firm bribery and new product introduction will be negatively moderated (i.e., weakened) by the quality of the formal and informal institutions in place. Employing data from over 6,000 firms in 30 emerging markets and a wide range of empirical tests, my results support these hypotheses. These findings extend transaction costs economics by showing that bureaucratic obstacles and uncertainty can drive firms into illegal cost minimization strategies. Moreover, they augment institutional theory by expounding upon the ways that norms and informal practices moderate the efficiency of firm strategies in emerging markets.
A general framework for modelling zero inflation

We propose a new framework for the modelling of count data exhibiting zero inflation (ZI). The main part of this framework includes a new and more general parameterisation for ZI models which naturally includes both over- and under-inflation. It further sheds new theoretical light on modelling and inference and permits a simpler alternative, which we term as multiplicative, in contrast to the dominant mixture and hurdle models. Our approach gives the statistician access to new types of ZI of which mixture and hurdle are special cases. We outline a simple parameterised modelling approach which can help to infer both ZI type and degree and provide an underlying treatment that shows that current ZI models are themselves typically within the exponential family, thus permitting much simpler theory, computation and classical inference. We outline some possibilities for a natural Bayesian framework for inference; and a rich basis for work on correlated ZI counts. The present paper is an incomplete report on the underlying theory. A later version will include computational issues and provide further examples.
Experiments on the Divergence between Willingness to Pay and Willingness to Accept: The Issue Revisited

Many empirical studies have discovered large discrepancies between willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to accept (WTA) measures. This paper revisits the WTP and WTA divergence issue using a non-hypothetical market experiment, actual products, cash, and exchange in a market setting. We find WTA/WTP ratios that are significantly lower than most such studies.
Symmetry breaking in planar and maximal outerplanar graphs

The distinguishing number (index) [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) of a graph [Formula: see text] is the least integer [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] has a vertex (edge) labeling with [Formula: see text] labels that is preserved only by a trivial automorphism. In this paper, we consider the maximal outerplanar graphs (MOP graphs) and show that MOP graphs, except [Formula: see text], can be distinguished by at most two vertex (edge) labels. We also compute the distinguishing number and the distinguishing index of Halin and Mycielskian graphs.
Continuity of the trace operator with respect to the domain and application to shape optimization

Shape optimization amounts to find the optimal shape of a domain which minimizes a given criterion, often called a cost functional. Here, we are interested in the case where the criterion is computed through the solution of a partial differential equation, the so-called state equation, which makes the optimization problem non-trivial. We use a general parameterization of the unknown boundary in order to preserve the physical general information and we prove the continuity of the cost functional.
Modular Grid Connected Photovoltaic Systemwith New Multilevel Inverter

In this paper, realizing an advanced grid connected PV generation system with high performance, by selecting a modular system configuration. Modular configuration consists of dc-dc converter modules and dc-ac inverter modules. And dc bus works as a current sharing information carrier between them. Parallel and redundant operation of inverter modules is realized without any communication link between them. Comparing with existing systems such as centralized, string, multi string and ac module structures, modular structure has excellent redundancy and scalability. Here applying a new inverter topology to this system. Different multilevel inverters are viewed for this purpose and Single Phase Nine Level Inverter has chosen as the suitable topology. Because of its flexibility in control and less no. of switches have been found as its main advantages. An advanced grid connected PV system consists of PV panel, boost converter, implementation of MPPT algorithm (P&O), Single phase nine level inverter, grid side control. Here applying a suitable current control strategy at grid side with grid synchronization. The objective of this paper is to get the reliable and stable output of modular grid connected photovoltaic generation system with single phase nine level inverter topology. And also a comparison has been done with single phase cascaded hybrid nine level multilevel inverter in this structure. It is obtained by doing modelling of this system using MATLAB software.