Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and Fabrication of a Metallic-Ellipsoidal Mirror for Focusing Neutron Beams

INSTRUCTIONS Neutron beam is a useful probe for material characterization owing to its unique advantages such as deep penetration into materials, sensitivity to light elements and capability for measuring magnetic properties. However, compared with that of X-ray from synchrotron radiation or free electron laser, the brilliance and intensity of neutron beam is quite low, so there are a number of plans to construct neutron instruments by using focusing mirror to improve beam intensity and miniaturize spot size [1-3]. In this paper, we propose an ellipsoidal neutron focusing mirror by using a metal substrate made of electroless nickelphosphorus (NiP) alloy. Electroless NiP has the advantages of amorphous structure, machinability and relatively large critical angle for neutrons. Compared with mirror made of glass substrate, it is easy to be fabricated and the manufacturing time can be greatly saved. Besides, it has a good mechanical handling property credited to its ductile nature which shows possible for a large ellipsoidal mirror to be made with multiple segments of electroless NiP substrates for ease of machining and supermirror coating.
What Makes Foreign Policy Teams Tick: Explaining Variation in Group Performance at Geopolitical Forecasting

When do groups—be they countries, administrations, or other organizations—more or less accurately understand the world around them and assess political choices? Some argue that group decision-making processes often fail due to biases induced by groupthink. Others argue that groups, by aggregating knowledge, are better at analyzing the foreign policy world. To advance knowledge about the intersection of politics and group decision making, this paper draws on evidence from a multiyear geopolitical forecasting tournament with thousands of participants sponsored by the US government. We find that teams outperformed individuals in making accurate geopolitical predictions, with regression discontinuity analysis demonstrating specific teamwork effects. Moreover, structural topic models show that more cooperative teams outperformed less cooperative teams. These results demonstrate that information sharing through groups, cultivating reasoning to hedge against cognitive biases, and ensuring all perspectives are heard can lead to greater success for groups at forecasting and understanding politics.
Explaining the willingness of public professionals to implement new policies: a policy alienation framework

Nowadays, many public policies focus on economic values, such as efficiency and client choice. Public professionals often show resistance to implementing such policies. We analyse this problem using an interdisciplinary approach. From public administration, we draw on the policy alienation concept, which consists of five dimensions: strategic powerlessness, tactical powerlessness, operational powerlessness, societal meaninglessness and client meaninglessness. These are considered as factors that influence the willingness of professionals to implement policies (change willingness — a concept drawn from the change management literature). We test this model in a survey among 478 Dutch healthcare professionals implementing a new reimbursement policy. The first finding was that perceived autonomy (operational powerlessness) significantly influenced change willingness, whereas strategic and tactical powerlessness were not found to be significant. Second, both the meaninglessness dimensions proved highly significant. We conclude that clarifying the value of a policy is important in getting professionals to willingly implement a policy, whereas their participation on the strategic or tactical levels seems less of a motivational factor. These insights help in understanding why public professionals embrace or resist the implementation of particular policies. Points for practitioners Policymakers develop public policies which, nowadays, tend to focus strongly on economic values, such as increasing efficiency or offering citizens the opportunity to choose among suppliers of public services. Public professionals, who have to implement these policies, are often reluctant to do so. This study shows that the causes of this resistance are unlikely to be found in the lack of influence these professionals have in the shaping of the policy at the national or organizational level. Rather, professionals might resist implementing policies because they do not see them as meaningful for society, or for their own clients. Therefore, policymakers should focus on this perceived meaninglessness and adopt ways to counter this, for example by intensively communicating the value associated with a policy.
The Effect of the Principals’ Perfectionism on Organizational Stress

This study aims to reveal the effect of the principals’ perfectionism on organizational stress of teachers according to the perceptions of the teachers who are working in primary and secondary schools and the level of organizational stress of teachers. The sample of the study consisted of 369 teachers by choosing with the method of simple random sampling. Data was collected by a “positive-negative perfectionism scale” and “perception of stress scale”. Data analysis was analyzed by using IBM SPSS 21.0 program by using hierarchical multiple linear regression method. At the end of this study, it was seen that principals’ negative and positive perfectionist behaviours predict teachers’ organizational stress in a meaningful way. It was understood that positive and negative perfectionist behaviours increased the factors of organizational stress, and it was also seen that principals’ negative perfectionist behaviours increased the stress in organizational structure. As a suggestion, principals need to exhibit their perfectionist behaviours in a correct and positive manner. This situation enables teachers to increase their dependence to their jobs. It is also recommended that principals should investigate the effects of perfectionism on their management abilities, competitive attitudes and leadership qualities.
YABANCI ÖĞRENCİLERE KARŞI TUTUM VE DAVRANIŞSAL EĞILIMLER: ULUSAL KIMLIKLER VE SOSYAL BASKINLIK YÖNELIMININ YORDAYICI ROLÜ

Bu calismanin amaci Turkiye’deki yabanci uyruklu ogrencilere karsi tutum ve davranssal egilimleri, icgrup kimlik ve sosyal baskinlik kuramlari acisindan incelemektir. Calismanin orneklemi 151 Turk ogrenciden olusmaktadir (93 Kadin, 58 Erkek, Ort. Yas = 21.56, SS = 2.21). Katilimcilar, demografik form, ulusal kimlikle ozdeslesme olcegi, sosyal baskinlik yonelimi olcegi, disgruba yonelik tutumlar ve davranissal egilimler olcekleri iceren anketleri online olarak doldurmuslardir. Bulgular, ulusal kimlikle ozdeslesmenin tutumlari olumlu yonde yordadigini, ancak sosyal baskinlik yoneliminin iki bagimli degiskenin de anlamli bir yordayicisi olmadigini gostermistir. Bunun yaninda, sosyal baskinlik yoneliminin ulusal kimlikler ve disgruba yonelik tutum ve davranissal egilimlerle iliskisi sosyal baskinlik yonelimi tarafindan duzenlenmektedir. Buna gore, ulusal kimlikler ile bagimli degiskenler arasindaki iliski yanlizca sosyal baskinlik egilimi yuksek olan kisiler arasinda anlamli ve olumsuzdur. Bulgularin kuramsal ve uygulamali getirileri tartisilmistir.
Ecological Modernisation and the Politics of (Un)sustainability in the Finnish Climate Policy Debate

The recent policy developments at the international level (IPCC, 2007; EC, 2008; OECD, 2009) have strengthened the politicisation of climate change and created an unparalleled international unanimity about the need for urgent action to tackle global warming. At the same time, the market and innovation-led ideas of the knowledge-based economy have penetrated into national and supranational policies, becoming normative principles for all societal development. They have highlighted the role of science and technology in the global politico-economic order and raised high technologies into the core of modern knowledge production and diffusion (Hayrinen-Alestalo & Kallerud, 2004; Godin, 2006). The recognition that the recent global economic and environmental crises derive from the same origins and cannot therefore be solved separately has resulted in the increasing extension of the ideas of the knowledge-based economy into the sphere of climate and energy policies. Supranational organisations have launched new political concepts, such as ‘green growth’, ‘new sustainable social market economy’ and ‘Green New Deal’, referring to a global transformation towards a ‘knowledge-based, greener, competitive and more inclusive economy’ that would be ‘based on knowledge and new environmental technologies’ (EC, 2009; OECD, 2009; UNEP, 2009). Although concern for the environment has in this way become a new ideological ‘master frame’ (Eder, 1996), little has been done to change the prevailing politico-economic structures towards a more sustainable social order. A broadly adopted environmental policy approach in many industrialised countries and the EU has been ecological modernisation, whose key tenets include the aim of transcending the traditional division between economic growth and environmental protection through the development and diffusion of technological innovations (Mol & Sonnenfeld, 2000; Janicke, 2008). Suggesting a win-win solution between these conflicting goals has fitted well to the framework of the knowledgebased economy and created new trust among national governments and supranational organisations in the ability of technology to solve societal problems. Yet the capability of ecological modernisation to solve societal problems has recently been challenged by new economic and technological uncertainties, the rebound effects of technological solutions, increased competition for environmental resources, and the dynamics between the global 21
The Speciation History of North American Hares (Lepus spp.): Divergence with gene flow?

iii List of Figures, Tables and Appendixes INTRODUCTION Speciation and Gene Flow 1 Reticulate evolution in genus Lepus 7 Hares in North America 9 Objectives 14 MATERIALS AND METHODS 15 Sampling and Data Collection 15 Sampling 15 DNA Extraction, PCR amplification and Sequencing 16 Data treatment 17 Population Demography 19 Diversity and Demography 19 -Reconstruction of the Speciation Process 21 Determination of the adequate models of molecular evolution 21 Isolation with Migration 21 Gene tree phylogenies 22 Species tree reconstruction based on nuclear loci 23 Taxa Delimitation Analysis 24 Coalescent simulations 24 RESULTS 26 Sequence Data 26 Diversity and Demography 27 Isolation with Migration model inferences of gene flow 32 Phylogenetic Inferences 32 Isolation with Migration model – speciation history 37 Coalescent Simulations 38 DISCUSSION 40 Population Demography of North American hares 41 Speciation history of North American hares 43 Extensive mtDNA introgression from L. californicus into L. 46 Causes and Consequences of Introgression 50 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS 52 BIBLIOGRAPHY 53 APPENDIX 62 List of Figures, Tables and Appendixes Figure 1. 12 Figure 2 . 15 Figure 3. 22 Figure 4. 31 Figure 5 . 33 Figure 6. 34 Figure 7. 35 Figure 8. 36 Figure 9 . 37 Figure 10 . 39 Figure 11 . 47 Table 1. 16 Table 2. 17 Table 3 . 26 Table 4 . 28 Table 5 . 29 Table 6 . 30 Table 7. 38 Appendix 1 . 62 Appendix 2. 64 Appendix 3 . 65 Appendix 4 . 66 Appendix 5. 67 Appendix 6. 68 Appendix 7. 76 Appendix 8. 84 Appendix 9 . 85
Consistent change-point detection with kernels

In this paper we study the kernel change-point algorithm (KCP) proposed by Arlot, Celisse and Harchaoui (2012), which aims at locating an unknown number of change-points in the distribution of a sequence of independent data taking values in an arbitrary set. The change-points are selected by model selection with a penalized kernel empirical criterion. We provide a non-asymptotic result showing that, with high probability, the KCP procedure retrieves the correct number of change-points, provided that the constant in the penalty is well-chosen; in addition, KCP estimates the change-points location at the optimal rate. As a consequence, when using a characteristic kernel, KCP detects all kinds of change in the distribution (not only changes in the mean or the variance), and it is able to do so for complex structured data (not necessarily in $\mathbb{R}^d$). Most of the analysis is conducted assuming that the kernel is bounded; part of the results can be extended when we only assume a finite second-order moment.
Identification of Proper Distribution for Flood Frequency Analysis of Sarda River using L-Moments

Flood frequency analysis of River Sarda (Banbasa Barrage) site in Champawat district in Uttrakhand was carried out using annual flood peak series for 86 years (1930-2015). The objective of the study was to determine the proper probability distribution using Generalized Extreme Value distribution(GEV), generalized logistic distribution (GLO) and generalized Pareto distribution (GPA), Pearson type 3rd distribution(PE3) and wakeby five parameter distribution whose parameters were estimated using the method of Lmoments. The proper fit distribution is selected on the basis Zdiststatistic test. The present study shows that wakeby five parameter distribution identified as the proper distribution for analyzing the flood frequency analysis of Sarda river using L –moment
In vivo evaluation of preventive effect of Lactobacillus reuteri on porcine epidemic diarrhea in suckling piglets

Lactic acid bacteria have been reported their beneficial roles on host including reduction of infectious diarrhea problems. In this study, preventive effect of Lactobacillus (L.) reuteri HY25101 and L. johnsonii HY25103 on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) was investigated in suckling piglets. Two groups of one day old PEDV naive piglets were orally administered L. reuteri HY25101 and L. johnsonii HY25103 for three days respectively before challenge with lethal dose of PEDV. In second experiment, passive immunized one day old piglets using colostrums containing PEDV specific IgA were used. The survival rates of the L. reuteri HY25101 administered group were significantly higher than that of L. johnsonii HY25103 administered group and viral shedding was rapidly diminished in L. reuteri HY25101 administered group. Interestingly piglets born from the sow immunized with attenuated PEDV vaccine were not completely protected from PEDV challenge, however coadministeration of L. reuteri HY25101 and colostrums containing PEDV specific IgA were more effectively prevent PEDV infection. These results suggested that dietary treatment using L. reuteri HY25101 could reduce diarrheal problem and mortality rate caused by PEDV in suckling pigs. In addition, L. reuteri HY25101 could be used as one of effective compensation treatment with attenuated live vaccine for PED.
Atlantic opportunities for ENSO prediction

El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant mode of interannual climate variability with worldwide impacts. The knowledge of ENSO drivers and the underlying mechanisms is crucial to improve ENSO prediction, which still remains a challenge. The recently discovered connection between an Atlantic Niño (Niña) and a Pacific Niña (Niño), through an air‐sea coupled mechanism during the first and last decades of the twentieth century, highlights an opportunity for ENSO prediction. Here a statistical cross‐validated hindcast of ENSO along the twentieth century is presented, considering the Atlantic sea surface temperatures as the unique predictor field, and a set of atmospheric and oceanic variables related to the Atlantic‐Pacific connection as the predictand field. The observed ENSO phase is well reproduced, and the skill is enhanced at the beginning and the end of the twentieth century. Understanding this multidecadal modulation of the Atlantic‐Pacific connection could help to improve seasonal‐to‐decadal forecasts of ENSO and its associated impacts.
Do microRNAs Mediate Estrogen-Dependent Repression of Genes

Abstract : Estrogen receptor alpha (ERa) mediates transcriptional effects of estrogen. Estrogen inducible proteins c-Myc and E2F family are required for optimal ERa activity and secondary estrogen response, respectively. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether estrogen regulates its target gene expression through microRNAs. We show that estrogen induces 21 and represses 7 microRNAs, which potentially control 420 estrogen-regulated and 757 non-estrogen regulated mRNAs at post-transcriptional level. Estrogen induced the expression of eight Let-7 family microRNAs, miR-98 and miR-21, which by reducing c-Myc and E2F2 proteins level, may attenuate estrogen response. Consistent with the role of Let-7 in differentiation of cancer stem cells, estrogen reduced ALDH1-positive breast cancer stem subpopulation of MCF-7 cells. The protein kinase AKT reduced estrogen-inducible expression of Let-7 microRNAs and may disrupt attenuation of estrogen response. Significance: Luminal subtype A breast cancers contain functional ERa, are well differentiated and display favorable prognosis. Estrogen:ERa-mediated differentiation pathway in these cancers is yet to be elucidated. We propose that estrogen-regulated Let-7 family microRNAs contribute to differentiated phenotype of ERa-positive breast cancers. The phenotype and the clinical course of ERa-positive breast cancers, particularly response to anti-estrogen therapy, may be dependent on the balance between estrogen-induced tumor suppressor (let-7 family) and oncogenic (miR-21) microRNAs. Our studies also reveal a negative regulatory loop controlling estrogen response through microRNAs and highlights differences in estrogen-induced transcriptome and proteome.
Internal Marketing and Employee Empowerment: The Mediating Role of the Relationship Quality: Study on Commercial Banks in Sudan

Employees play an integral role in achieving companies goals, employees are the most valuable organizational resources which lead to competitive advantage in the company, this study investigates the mediating role of relationship quality on the relationship between internal marketing and employee empowerment in commercial banks in Sudan. In order to fulfill the objective the study convenience sampling was used. A total of 380 questionnaires were distributed to the respondent’s, the results showed a positive relationship between internal marketing and employee empowerment, in addition the study indentified positive relationship between relationship quality with employee empowerment, and the relationship quality mediates the relationship between effectiveness leadership, and pay motivation with employee empowerment. The theoretical contribution and empirical data adds more insight on the previous literature in the field, for practitioners it can help bank’s managers to understand the impact of internal marketing on bank’s customer empowerment, and how relationship quality can influence leadership effectiveness. Keyword: Internal marketing, empowerment, trust, commitment
Synergies, Trade-offs, and Losses of Ecosystem Services in Urban Regions: an Integrated Multiscale Framework Applied to the Leipzig-Halle Region, Germany

Because we have entered the 'millennium of the cities', urban ecological research needs to account for the provisions ecosystem services provide to urban regions. In urban areas, ecosystem service assessment studies need to account for the complex land use patterns, which change over relatively short periods of time. We discuss an analytical framework for the spatial and temporal integration of different ecosystem services in an urban region to determine synergies, trade-offs and losses, and we employ a case study in Leipzig-Halle, Germany. The following five ecosystem services, which are of special importance for urban areas, were selected: local climate regulation, recreation potential, biodiversity potential, food supply, and above-ground carbon storage. These services were analyzed from 1990 to 2006. Our results identified only slight increases in urbanization (1% or 3 km²) and in mining restoration (-11 km²). However, the detected land use changes led to synergies with biodiversity and climate regulation of > 50% of the total area, whereas trade-offs of approximately 60% were detected between variables such as climate regulation and recreation. Finally, we address both the opportunities and the challenges that were encountered in the integration study, specifically with respect to the application in land use planning.
Ex Vivo and In Vivo Assessment of Vertebral Strength and Vertebral Fracture Risk Assessed by Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry

Osteoporosis is defined as a skeletal disorder characterized by loss of bone mass, decreased bone strength and resulting in increased risk of bone fracture. The disease is progressive with age, especially in postmenopausal women [1]. Osteoporotic hip fractures and vertebral fractures have become a major social problem because the elderly population continues to increase. Hip fractures account for about 10% of all osteoporosis-related fractures [2]. Hip fractures are particularly devastating and have a particularly negative impact on morbidity. Survivors often suffer severe and prolonged physical and social limitations, and fail to recover normal activity [3]. Vertebral fractures affect approximately 25% of postmenopausal women [4]. Vertebral fractures can be associated with chronic disabling pain and incur loss of normal activity.
Deep Neuromuscular Blockade Improves Surgical Conditions During Gynecological Laparoscopy

Obtaining an appropriate laparoscopic workspace depends on several factors related to the patient (i.e., weight and abdominal compliance) and the procedure (i.e., body’s position, depth of anesthesia and intra-abdominal (IA) pressure). Among them, a deep neuromuscular blockade (NMB) contributes to provide the surgeon with better operating conditions. This chapter discusses the interests and challenges of muscle relaxation during gynecological laparoscopy. The introduction of sugammadex into clinical practice provides the opportunity to modify the management of neuromuscular blockade to improve the surgical conditions during laparoscopy as well as the safety of the patients. The maintenance of a rocuronium-induced deep neuromuscular block from the trocar insertion until the end of laparoscopy is no longer incompatible with rapid recovery and awakening in optimal conditions. Neuromuscular transmission (NMT) monitoring is the key to adequate management and should be used in all cases. Objective measurements allow for excellent intubation and surgical conditions, the definition of thresholds and doses for the administration of reversal agents, and the exclusion of residual blockade prior to the patient extubation. inactivate the nicotinic receptors on pre- and postsynaptic membranes, competitively with acetylcholine.
The Relationship between Response Time and the Strength of Top-Down Attentional Control: An ERP Study

A recent ERP study using a spatial cueing paradigm found that the physiological indices accompanying the orienting, shifting and allocation processes of attention, and the performance on the task in terms of speed and accuracy of responding on the other hand covaried (Talsma, Mulckhuyse, Slagter, & Theeuwes, 2007). However, the stimuli used in the former study possibly allowed for bottom-up capture of attention. Therefore the results could not unequivocally be attributed to a top-down attentional process. The present study is a follow-up of the Talsma et al. (2007) study and the stimuli design used in this study controlled for possible bottom-up effects. As a result, participants needed to spatially allocate attention in a top-down way. Indeed, in this study an Event-related Potential (ERP) component associated with the top-down allocation of attention was found; the N2-posterior-contralateral (N2pc). N2pc amplitudes were bigger in the fastest versus the slowest trials for the validly and non-informatively cued targets at posterior scalp sites. The present study replicated the Talsma et al. (2007) findings that the target-evoked N1 components were larger for the faster trials in the validly and non-informatively cued trials.