Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OMNIVORY CREATES CHAOS IN SIMPLE FOOD WEB MODELS

Omnivory, defined as feeding on more than one trophic level, was considered rare in nature because of its destabilizing effect. However, recent elaborate studies of natural food webs have shown that omnivory is ubiquitous. It is well known that a simple food chain model of three trophic levels can exhibit chaos if the functional responses are nonlinear. We investigate a three-species Lotka-Volterra model of omnivory in which a predator and a prey share the same resource (i.e., intraguild predation). We demonstrate that intraguild predation sometimes destabilizes food webs and induces chaos, even if the functional responses are linear. The route to chaos is the familiar period-doubling cascade. We compare our results to previous work and discuss the mechanism by which omnivory induces chaos.
Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea limits grape production in Chile

Gray mold (GM) caused by Botrytis cinerea is a major disease of grapes ( Vitis vinifera ) that substantially reduces the yield and quality of grape production in temperate and humid regions of the world. B. cinerea is a necrotrophic fungus that attacks the non-lignified aerial organs of grapes; in particular, berries are highly susceptible during ripening. The polycyclic nature and exponential progress exhibited by GM at the beginning of the its epidemic, as well as the abundant inoculum production, the high dissemination efficiency, the wide host range and the high genetic variability of B. cinerea , explain the difficulties encountered in attempting to control GM. At present, integrated disease management, including cultural and chemical control, is the main control strategy. These control measures can be used to reduce the initial inoculum or to lower the disease infection rate. However, control measures that reduce the infection rate are the most effective means of controlling GM. Important progress toward understanding the complexity of the biology and epidemiology of this pathogen has occurred in recent decades. This has allowed the improvement and development of more effective and sustainable control strategies against B. cinerea . This review article provides a recent update regarding grape GM, with special emphasis on Chilean production conditions. La pudricion gris (PG) causada por Botrytis cinerea, es una de las principales enfermedades de la vid ( Vitis vinifera ) que limita la produccion y reduce los rendimientos y la calidad de la fruta en zonas templadas y humedas a nivel mundial. B. cinerea es un hongo necrotrofo que ataca organos aereos no lignificados de la vid, siendo las bayas altamente susceptibles durante la maduracion. La naturaleza policiclica y el desarrollo exponencial de las epidemias de PG, junto con la abundancia de inoculo, la eficiente dispersion mas el amplio rango de hospederos y gran variabilidad genetica que presenta B. cinerea, explican las dificultades para lograr un control satisfactorio. Ante lo cual se hace necesario realizar una estrategia de control integrado que incluya medias de control cultural y quimico. Estas medidas pueden estar orientadas a reducir el inoculo inicial o la tasa de progreso de la enfermedad, siendo las medidas de control destinadas a reducir la tasa de progreso las que mas aporta al control de PG. En las ultimas decadas se han producido importantes progresos en el conocimiento de la compleja biologia de este patogeno y de los aspectos epidemiologicos de la PG. Esto ha permitido mejorar las estrategias de control logrando alternativas mas efectivas y sustentables. En este articulo se revisan los aportes cientificos recientes realizados en relacion con la PG de la vid, teniendo especial enfasis en la situacion del vinedo chileno.
The study of dynamic interest changes based on complex network

It is the most important way to improve recommendation precise by catching the interests of users. It is easy to find current interests of users; however, a good recommendation should provide potential interests to uses. In this work, the inner and outer factors are combined to analyze the changes of interests. The inner factor addresses the changes from the innate characteristics of people relevant with interests. The friendship in the social network as the outer factor plays role in generating novel interests. Since the work exactly describes the changes of interests; it is useful to improve the satisfaction of user to recommendation.
Ecological Correlates of Self-Reported Perpetration

Although growing attention is being paid to the problem of teen dating violence, to date less is known about perpetrators of victimization. The current article used a subset of 980 adolescents aged 11 to 19 who were surveyed as part of a statewide community service coordinated through Cooperative Extension to survey all youth in target communities about risky health behaviors. The current article examined correlates of perpetration of either physical dating violence or sexual abuse across all levels of the ecological model (individual, family, and community factors). At the bivariate level, individual factors including substance use and low social responsibility, family factors including divorce, low parental monitoring, and low social support, and community variables such as low school attachment and neighborhood monitoring were associated with self-reported perpetration. At the multivariate level, gender and history of victimization were most significant in explaining variance in perpetration.
ARPES on high-temperature superconductors: Simplicity vs. complexity (Review Article)

A notable role in understanding of the microscopic electronic properties of high-temperature superconductors (HTSC) belongs to angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). This technique supplies a direct window into the reciprocal space of solids: the momentum-energy space where quasiparticles (electrons dressed in clouds of interactions) dwell. Any interaction in the electronic system, e.g., superconducting pairing, leads to modification of the quasiparticle spectrum—to redistribution of the spectral weight over the momentum-energy space probed by ARPES. Continued development of the technique had the effect that the picture seen through the ARPES window became clearer and sharper until the complexity of the electronic band structure of the cuprates had been resolved. Now, in the doping range optimal for superconductivity, the cuprates much resemble a normal metal with well-predicted electronic structure, though with rather strong electron-electron interaction. This principal disentanglement of the.
In vitro Estimation of the Solubility of Dry Matter and Crude Protein of Wet Feed and Dry

Two experiments were conducted to determine the in vitro solubility of dry matter and crude protein of wet feed and dry feed of a commercial broiler diet. In the first experiment, to two g of feed samples of a commercial broiler pelleted diet was added 0-dry (80 g/kg water content) and 1.5 g water per g of feed (640 g/kg water content), and they were then incubated at one of two different levels of pepsin-HCl solutions, low (48 mg pepsin in 2 ml 0.1M HCl), or high (64 mg pepsin in 3 ml 0.1M HCl) for 0, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes at 42…C. In the second experiment, to 2 g of a commercial broiler feed was added 0- dry (80 g/kg water content), 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5, 1.8, and 2.0 g water per g of dry feed (240, 340, 430, 480, 540, 580, 630, and 700 g/kg water content, respectively). To each feed sample was also added 64 mg pepsin with 3 ml-HCl (the high level from experiment 1), and then incubated for 10, 20, 30, 60, 180 and 240 minutes at 42…C. After filtration and drying processes, dry matter and crude protein analyses were done for each sample. In experiment 1, wetting the feed with 1.5 g water per g feed followed by incubation in pepsin-HCl solution increased both dry matter solubility and crude protein solubility. There were also higher solubilities of feed nutrient with a high concentration of pepsin- HCL with a than low concentration of pepsin-HCL. In experiment 2, dry feed samples (80 g/kg water content) and feed samples with 240 and 340 g/kg water content had similar nutrient solubility, but their solubility values were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those of wet feed samples with 540, 580, 630 and 700 g/kg water content. Feed samples with 630 and 700 g/kg water content had high solubility values throughout the incubation periods.
Reducing Dwell Time: London Underground Central Line

Inconsistent and excessive dwell times often cause delays to underground metro systems. The goal of this project was to recommend solutions to minimize dwell times in the Central Line of the London Underground. The team conducted employee interviews, station observation, train observation, CCTV observation, and passenger surveys to more thoroughly understand the issue. Our team identified four system constraints that could be altered to encourage more efficient passenger behavior in order to reduce dwell times.
The Role of Exchange Rates in the Intertemporal Risk-Return Relation in International Economies

This paper investigates the role of currency denomination in the the intertemporal risk-return relation among G7 countries. Similar to the findings of previous studies, our estimation also shows that the financial markets of the G7 countries are integrated. We obtain significant pricing coefficient estimates on the global index, but insignificant estimates on country-specific risks. Different from the literature, however, we find that the intertemporal risk-return relation differ significantly under different currency denominations. The slope coefficient estimate is the largest at around seven when the returns are denominated in Japanese yen, smallest at around three to four when the returns are denominated in pound or euro and its predecessors. The slope estimates are in the middle at about five to six when the returns are denominated in the U.S. or Canadian dollar. The estimates stay in the same range and the rankings remain unchanged when we consider different specifications for the conditional covariance estimations and when we replace countryspecific portfolios with industry-specific forms in estimating the intertemporal relation. JEL Classifications: G12, C32, F03, F31.
Differential expressions of putative genes in various floral organs of the Pigeon orchid ( Dendrobium crumenatum ) using GeneFishing

Nine Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) were detected in the five floral organs of Dendrobium crumenatum and three DEGs of relatively high expression in the column, were significantly homologous to the small Heat Shock Protein (HSP) differentially regulated during pollen development and heat stress in tobacco (DEG3-8), pectin methylesterase enzyme (PME) which was a male-flower specific gene in Salix gilgiana (DEG6-1) and the 14-3-3 protein which was differentially expressed and upregulated in Malus x domestica (DEG9-9) during fruit ripening. Generally, the differential expressions of the DEGs in the column and other floral organs were distinct, indicating the suppressive role of column DEGs on other floral organ DEGs. Interactions between the other floral DEGs (excluding column DEGs) indicated pattern expression specificity to each floral organ. Following this investigation, further molecular expression investigations are required and essential to develop and establish an orchid floral ontogenic model.
Jordanian Evidence of the Relationship between Agency Cost and Corporate Governance

This study aimed to shed light on the role of corporate governance tools in mitigating the agency problem in the Jordanian industrial companies, through studying the effect of the internal corporate governance tools; the ownership structure, the board of directors and capital structure on the asset turnover rate as an inverse indicator to the agency costs. The study concluded that the ownership structure in particular the firms ownership and ownership focus, the characteristics of the board of directors in terms of the number of members and members’ independence, separation of the positions of chairman of the board of directors and chief executive officer of the company, in addition to bank loans as an indicator of capital structure constitutes tools for effective corporate governance in the Jordanian industrial companies.
The role of land and geographic information systems in economic and environmental management

Economic development and environmental management are often in conflict, particularly in developing countries. This paper examines two projects in Thailand as case studies to show that the use of land and geographic information systems can contribute to both objectives. The paper briefly describes the concept and the role of land and geographic information systems, and looks at their application, primarily in the urban context. The paper discusses the two major limiting factors in developing appropriate systems in both the developed and developing countries; institutional arrangements at a government level and appropriate education programs. The first project, the Thailand Land Titling Project, is concerned with reforming the land titling and land administration system for the whole of the country. The second project, the Bangkok Land Information System Project, was a three year project completed in 1992 to examine the feasibility of developing a land information system for the City of Bangkok, a city with a population of approximately 10 million.
A Synthesis of Marine Conservation Planning Approaches

Abstract: In the last decade, there has been increasing interest—particularly among international nongovernmental and multilateral development organizations—in evaluating the effectiveness of conservation and development projects. To evaluate success, we need more comprehensive and case‐specific information on how conservation decisions are made. I report on a database that synthesizes information on 27 marine conservation planning cases from around the world. I collected data on each case's geographic scale, primary planning objective and outcome, legal and institutional context, degree of stakeholder involvement, and the ecological criteria and tools used to facilitate conservation decisions. The majority of cases were located in North and Central America, were regional in nature, and had biodiversity conservation as the primary planning objectives. Outcomes included priority‐setting plans and implementation of marine reserves and other types of marine protected areas. Governments and local nongovernmental organizations led more participatory processes than national and international nongovernmental organizations. Eleven cases considered ecological criteria first, whereas 16 relied on integrated criteria (ecological plus socioeconomic data and other pragmatic considerations) to select priority areas for conservation and management action. Key tools for data integration and synthesis were expert workshops, maps, and reserve‐selection algorithms (i.e., computer‐based tools for priority setting and reserve design). To facilitate evaluation of success, future documentation of marine conservation planning cases should include a standard set of ecological, social, economic, and institutional elements. To develop standards for effective marine conservation, a more diverse set of documented cases is needed; for example, those that failed were located outside North and Central America, focused on the local geographic scale, or were motivated by objectives other than biodiversity conservation.
Tropical upper tropospheric humidity variations due to potential vorticity intrusions

Abstract. Four cases (March 2009, May 2009, April 2010 and February 2012) are presented in which the ERA-interim relative humidity (RH) shows consistent increase by more than 50 % in the upper troposphere (200–250 hPa) over tropics at the eastward side of the potential vorticity (PV) intrusion region. The increase in RH is confirmed with the spaceborne microwave limb sounder observations and radiosonde observations over Gadanki (13.5° N, 79.2° E) and is observed irrespective of whether the PV intrusions are accompanied by deep convection or not. It is demonstrated that the increase in RH is due to poleward advection induced by the PV intrusions in their eastward side at the upper tropospheric heights. It is suggested that the low-latitude convection, which is not necessarily triggered by the PV intrusion, might have transported water vapour to the upper tropospheric heights.
Habitat selection and morphology of Saga pedo (Pallas, 1771) in Alps (Susa Valley, Piedmont, NW Italy) (Insecta: Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Saginae)

This paper is a contribution to the knowledge of Saga pedo (Pallas, 1771), summarizing the results of a field study carried out on a population of the Italian W Alps. The peculiar eco-ethological traits of this species make its observation difficult in nature and overall also its biology is little known, especially in Italy. The habitat selection is outlined from 34 unpublished presence data, collected between 2016 and 2018. Moreover, some biometric traits are compared between adult individuals observed in two different and disjointed survey areas. The results show that the environments in which this species lives in Susa Valley should not be referred exclusively to xerothermic oases in strict sense. This species appears to be also associated, in fact, with xeric environments of agricultural origin, mostly abandoned vineyards. These land uses (especially viticulture) could have guaranteed the survival of S. pedo over time. The closure of these open areas by shrub and tree vegetation, constitutes an important threat factor. Phenology and morphology of this species in Susa Valley, seem do not differ from those reported for other European populations. However, from the biometric analysis some significant differences emerge (p<0.05) among the individuals sampled in the two areas, that are difficult to interpret. The observation of imagoes, always combined with high densities of potential prey and sometimes grouped, suggests some hypotheses that it would be interesting to test, to learn more about the ethology and ecology of this enigmatic protected species.
The Planners’ Perspective on Train Timetable Errors in Sweden

Timetables are important for train punctuality. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the people who plan the timetables: the research has instead been more centred on how to improve timetables through simulation, optimisation, and data analysis techniques. In this study, we present an overview of the state of practice and the state of the art in timetable planning by studying the research literature and railway management documents from several European countries. We have also conducted interviews with timetable planners in Southern Sweden, focusing on how timetable planning relates to punctuality problems. An important backdrop for this is a large project currently underway at the Swedish Transport Administration, modernizing the timetable planning tools and processes. This study is intended to help establish a baseline for the future evaluation of this modernization by documenting the current process and issues, as well as some of the research that has influenced the development and specifications of the new tools and processes. Based on the interviews, we found that errors in timetables commonly lead to infeasible timetables, which necessitate intervention by traffic control, and to delays occurring, increasing, and spreading. We found that the timetable planners struggle to create a timetable and that they have neither the time nor the tools required to ensure that the timetable maintains a high quality and level of robustness. The errors we identified are (a) crossing train paths at stations, (b) wrong track allocation of trains at stations, especially for long trains, (c) insufficient dwell and meet times at stations, and (d) insufficient headways leading to delays spreading. We have identified eleven reasons for these errors and found three themes among these reasons: (1) “missing tools and support,” (2) “role conflict,” and (3) “single-loop learning. ” As the new tools and processes are rolled out, the situation is expected to improve with regard to the first of these themes. The second theme of role conflict occurs when planners must strive to meet the demands of the train operating companies, while they must also be unbiased and create a timetable that has a high overall quality. While this role conflict will remain in the future, the new tools can perhaps help address the third theme by elevating the planners from first- to double-loop learning and thereby allowing them to focus on quality control and on finding better rules and heuristics. Over time, this will lead to improved timetable robustness and train punctuality.
RANK-L is a Potential Therapeutic Target in Homogeneous Atherosclerotic Plaques

Objective and design: The late stages of carotid atherosclerosis are responsible for increased local stiffness, suggesting the need for a therapeutic target that affect either plaque composition and arterial stiffness. There is a lack of data on the role of the local arterial stiffness, assessed by radio-frequency based system and its relationship with the molecular profile of plaques. Subjects: In this study we enrolled 18 consecutive patients undergoing carotid endoarterectomy, with homogeneus or heterogeneous plaques, as established by Doppler-ultrasound and local pulse-wave velocity was assessed before surgery. Methods: In carotid plaque specimens, we evaluated inflammasome (NLRP3), Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB (RANK) and its natural ligand (RANK-L), Osteoprotegerin (OPG), and other inflammatory and apoptotic molecules by Western Blotting and qPCR analysis. In addition, lipid peroxidation of arterial specimens was assessed by TBARS assay. Results: In heterogeneus plaques we observed increased OPG expression (p=0.04), positively correlated with lipid peroxidation values (r=0.511, p=0.03); increased levels of RANK (p=0.02), and other inflammatory and apoptotic molecules. RANK-L protein was augmented in homogeneus plaques (p=0.01) and correlated to s-index (r=0.514, p=0.03) and PWV (r=0.525, p=0.03) values. Conclusions: Our data provide evidence that increased local PWV and s-index might identify plaque evolution towards calcification.
Beyond time-binds: Rethinking work–family dynamics for a mobile world

Contemporary work is increasingly mobile, sparking new challenges for scholars of work and organizations. In this review article, we argue that a ‘mobilities lens’ offers strong potential for rethinking established approaches, focusing on one important sub-field: work–family studies. Drawing on a ‘problematization’ approach (Sandberg and Alvesson, 2011) and a systematic literature review (SLR) of work–family research published from 1995 to 2015, we show how theoretical assumptions about time, space, and place have narrowed the scope of work–family studies, focusing attention on ‘time’ and ‘time-binds’, and a limited subset of mobilities (e.g. telework, commuting). We argue that a mobilities lens can help us ‘think differently’ about work–family dynamics, prompting theoretical and methodological reorientations that recognize the inextricable connection of time and space (as ‘time–space’) and the need for a more encompassing excavation of the power, practice, and meaning of employment-related mobility (ERM) in work–family life. We sketch out a ‘mobilities inspired’ agenda to illustrate how ideas from mobilities studies can enrich work–family inquiry. We also discuss how mobilities studies can benefit, in turn, from greater engagement with work–family and organizational research.