Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Optimization of Solvent Extraction Process from Salvia Leriifolia Leaf Extract Containing Antimicrobial Compounds Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

In this research, determining the optimal conditions for extraction of Salvia leriifolia leaf by traditional solvent extraction method (with different solvent ratio of water/ethanol 50:50, 60:40 and 70:30 at temperatures of 70, 80 and 90 ºC and time duration of 30, 75 and 120 min) in order to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the extract, using response surface method was carried out. The analysis of variances showed that the effect of all three independent variables on the dependent variables (the diameter of the inhibition zone of Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger ) was significant ( P <0.05). Optimum extraction conditions including temperature of 83.60 ºC, extraction time of 60.92 min and water to ethanol ratio of 59.09 were obtained. Regarding the diameter of the inhibition zone of microorganisms, the highest inhibition zone belonged to Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Staphylococcus aureus . The optimization of extraction method resulted in extracts with the highest antimicrobial activity, especially against yeast and Gram-positive bacteria. In addition, predicting evaluation models provided an effective step in selecting extraction conditions to achieve a combination of antimicrobial properties against each microbial group.
Isotopic branching ratios and translational energy release of H and D atoms in reaction of O(1D) atoms with alkanes and alkyl chlorides

H and D product atoms from the reaction of O( 1 D) with alkanes and alkyl chlorides have been measured by multiphoton ionization as well as by laser-induced fluorescence. Measured isotopic branching ratios [H]/[D] in the reaction of O( 1 D) with CH 3 CD 2 CH 3 , CD 3 CH 2 CD 3 , CD 3 CHClCD 3 , and CH 3 CDClCH 3 are almost statistical at collision energies, 8.1-9.1 kcal/mol. The Doppler profiles of the H atoms from the reactions of O( 1 D)+hydrocarbons (CH 4 , C 2 H 6 , and C 3 H 8 ) suggest that the translational energy released to the RO+H products is 8±1 kcal/mol and almost independent of the size of the alkyl groups
Responses to second round of Referee comments by Christian Schoof on “Brief communication: Time step dependence (and fixes) in Stokes simulations of calving ice shelves” by Brandon Berg and Jeremy Bassis

The buoyancy boundary condition applied to floating portions of ice sheets and glaciers in Stokes models requires special consideration when the glacier rapidly departs from hydrostatic equilibrium. This boundary condition can manifest in velocity fields that are unphysically (and strongly) dependent on time step size, thereby contaminating diagnostic stress fields. This can be especially problematic for models of calving glaciers, where rapid changes in geometry cause configurations that suddenly depart from hydrostatic equilibrium and lead to inaccurate estimates of the stress field. Here we show that the 5 unphysical behavior can be cured with minimal computational cost by reintroducing a regularization that corresponds to the acceleration term in the stress balance. This regularization provides consistent velocity solutions for all time step sizes. Copyright statement. TEXT
Information Content of Stocks in Call Auction of Shorter Duration in Emerging Market

Pre-open auctions have been widely implemented across trading exchanges. Pre-open auctions tend to reduce information asymmetry and trading risks. Call auctions have been encouraged to enhance price discovery. This paper explores the shifts in information content of the pre-market auction session over time. We derive that the information content of the pre opening auction did improve little after a gap of two months. We conclude that the intraday 15 minutes realized volatility was influenced by information content in the pre-market. We demonstrate that volatility is the cause of order imbalance or a cause of poor information content. The investigation of the related volatility in the futures segment provides interesting insights on the unusual pre-market imbalances visualized on days close to expiry of futures.
Amino acid synthesis from an amorphous substance composed of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen

Hydrogen cyanide, formaldehyde, and ammonia are considered important intermediates in amino acid synthesis by electric discharge. In this study, however, amino acid precursors were synthesized from a CO–N2 mixture free of hydrogen atoms. An amorphous film composed of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen was given from a highly activated plasma. When exposed to atmospheric moisture, this film incorporated hydrogen atoms to yield amino acid. This is a mechanism for amino acid synthesis without involving hydrogen cyanide, formaldehyde, and ammonia.
Slow and fast optical degradation of the SESAM for fiber laser mode-locking at 1 μm

In this paper, we introduce a detailed study of degradation of the In x Ga 1-x As quantum well (QW) based semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) irradiated with picosecond pulses from a fiber laser at a 1064 nm wavelength. In a slow degradation study at a lower incident fluence, the longest operating times of ~4000 h were recorded for two SESAMs with a slow carrier relaxation (τ = 15 ps) in comparison to 1000 h of the fast (τ = 1 ps) SESAM. The nonlinear reflectivity measurements after the long-term tests indicated that the most likely mechanism of SESAM degradation was the modification of the InGaAs QW structure. By reducing a thermal load on the SESAM, an expected lifetime was increased ten-fold. At higher saturation levels, SESAMs experienced critical optical damage (COD) after less than 24 h of operation. The most likely mechanism of COD was deduced to be the two-photon absorption in GaAs material. The necessity of slow degradation tests close to the operating conditions of the SESAM was demonstrated.
Planar Hall Effect in Ferromagnetic Films

The planar Hall effect of Ni, Fe, Co and Ni-Fe films with thicknesses between 100 and 1500 A is investigated in the temperature range 77 to 293°K. It is shown that the experimental data obtained may be explained by assuming that the mechanism of scattering and reflection on film surfaces does not give an appreciable contribution to the planar Hall effect. Es wird der ebene Halleffekt von Ni-, Fe-, Co- und Ni-Fe-Schichten mit Schichtdicken zwischen 100 und 1500 A im Temperaturbereich 77 bis 293 °K untersucht. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse konnen unter der Annahme erklart werden, das der Streumechanismus und die Reflexion an der Schichtoberflache keinen merklichen Anteil zum ebenen Halleffekt liefern.
Post‐Grignard Reagents: Influence of the Coligands L on the Molecular Structures of Phenylcalcium Iodides [(L)nCa(R)I] and Calcium Diiodides [(L)nCaI2]

Iodide is a very soft and large anion and as such its extreme ability to be polarized leads to a flat energy surface with respect to the variation of the Ca–I distances in [(L)nCaI2] and [(L)nCa(R)I]. The influence of the donor strength and the bulkiness of the neutral coligands L on the Ca–I distances is studied. The base adducts of calcium diiodide can be isolated after the addition of L to CaI2 or from the Schlenk equilibrium after the direct synthesis of calcium powder with aryl iodides. As L the ethers diethyl ether (Et2O), tetrahydrofuran (thf), tetrahydropyran (thp), 1,2-dimethoxyethane (dme), 18-crown-6 (18C6), bis(methoxyethyl)ether (diglyme), and amines tetramethylethylenediamine (tmeda), and hexamethyltriethylenetetramine (hmteta) are studied yielding the adducts [(thp)4Ca(Ph)I] (1a), [(thf)4Ca(Ph)I] (1b), [(dme)2(thf)Ca(Ph)I] (1c), [(18C6)Ca(Ph)I] (1d), and [(tmeda)2Ca(Ph)I] (1e), as well as [(thp)4CaI2] (2a), [(thf)4CaI2] (2b), [(Et2O)4CaI2] (2c), [(diglyme)(thf)2CaI2] (2d), [(diglyme)(dme)CaI2] (2e), [(dme)2(thf)CaI2] (2f), [(18C6)CaI2] (2g), [(tmeda)2CaI2] (2h), and [(hmteta)CaI2] (2i). For comparison reasons, [(thf)4Ca(Ph)Br] (3a), [(thp)4CaBr2] (4a), [(thf)4CaBr2] (4b), and [(dme)2(AcOH)CaBr2] (4c) with AcOH being acetic acid are included as well. The comparison shows that the coordination number of calcium itself only plays an insignificant role whereas bulkiness and donor strength of L represent the key influences.
Magnetocaloric effect and magnetoresistance of Ni–Fe–Ga alloys

Heusler alloys with nominal composition Ni73−xFexGa27 (x = 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22) were prepared by arc melting and subsequent homogenization by annealing. The magnetic properties of the alloys were studied to analyse the magnetic entropy change as a function of temperature. The maximum entropy change was observed in the alloy (x = 19) where martensite–austenite structural and ferro–para magnetic transitions were very close to each other. The transport properties and magnetoresistance (MR) of the samples were also investigated up to a magnetic field of 8 T and within a temperature range 4.2–325 K. It was observed that the MR in the austenite state was higher than that of the martensite state irrespective of the composition of the sample. A large negative MR (∼9% at 8 T) was obtained for the sample Ni54Fe19Ga27 at 300 K which was very close to the martensitic transition temperature as well as the Curie temperature.
The association of interleukin-6 (−174 G/C) polymorphism with risk of chronic kidney disease and erythropoietin hyporesponsiveness

Introduction: The plasma levels of the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been reported to be associated with risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and erythropoietin (EPO) responsiveness. The G/C promoter polymorphism of IL-6 is associated with expression and levels of IL-6, so it may confer increased risk to CKD and modulate EPO responsiveness. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association of IL-6 G/C polymorphism with risk of CKD and EPO hyporesponsiveness. Patients and Methods: A total of 40 haemodialysis patients on EPO therapy, and 30 age- and sexmatched apparently healthy volunteers as a control group were recruited for this study. Blood samples were collected from each participant and used for complete blood count (CBC) using automated haematology analyser and molecular analysis of IL-6 -174 G/C polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: The results showed that IL-6 GG genotype is the most frequent in patients (82.5%) followed by GC genotype (17.5%), while all subjects of the control group were found to have GG genotype only. There was a statistically significant association between the polymorphism and end-stage CKD (P=0.02). Only 10% of the patients were found to achieve the target haemoglobin level. Although all of them had GG genotype, no association was found between the polymorphism and the achievement of target haemoglobin level (P=0.16). Conclusion: IL-6 G/C polymorphism is significantly associated with CKD, but not with EPO responsiveness in haemodialysis patients.
Etude des propriétés polaritoniques de ZnO et GaN. Application à l'étude de l'effet laser à polaritons dans une microcavité

Ce manuscrit est consacre a la physique des polaritons dans deux materiaux semiconducteurs a grand gap : ZnO et GaN. Les parametres polaritoniques de ces materiaux ont ete determines avec precision grâce a une etude combinant differentes techniques spectroscopiques lineaires et non-lineaires (reflectivite continue, autocorrelation, photoluminescence et melange a quatre ondes degenerees). L’interpretation de ces resultats conduit a une meilleure comprehension des processus d’interaction au sein du semiconducteur : le role important des interactions polariton-phonon LO dans l’elargissement polaritonique a notamment pu etre mis en evidence. Ce travail effectue sur des echantillons massifs est indispensable pour mener au mieux l’etude de l’effet laser a polaritons dans des microcavites presentee dans la seconde partie de ce manuscrit. Pour cette etude, deux microcavites massives semblables, une a base de ZnO l’autre de GaN, ont ete realisees. Les qualites photoniques de ces structures sont a l’etat de l’art : elles presentent un bon facteur de qualite (Q ≈ 1000) et un faible desordre photonique. Le regime de couplage fort ainsi que l’effet laser a polaritons sont observes jusqu'a temperature ambiante. Enfin, l’etablissement de diagrammes de phases permet de mettre en exergue le role important des phonons LO dans l’abaissement du seuil laser.
Characterization of the Residual Lignins in Pinus taeda Biodegraded by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora by Using in situ CuO Oxidation and DFRC Methods

Biopulping, defined as the fungal pretreatment of wood chips and designed as a solid-state fermentation process for production of mechanical or chemical pulps, is a promising technology developed in the last two decades (Akhtar et al. 1998; Scott et al. 1998). Although this technology has been evaluated on mill scale (Breen and Singleton 1999; Scott et al. 1998), the chemical and biochemical bases of biopulping are not well understood. Usually, the beneficial effects of biopulping are obtained at the early stages of biodegradation, weight losses being lower than 5 % (Akhtar et al. 1998). A lack of correlation between the biopulping benefits and the extent of wood weight or component losses has been reported (Setliff et al. 1990; Akhtar et al. 1998; Ferraz et al. 1998, 2000 a). This indicates that several wood modifications caused by fungal pretreatment, including ultrastructural changes, extractives removal and lignin degradation reactions, could be responsible for the behavior of biotreated samples submitted to chemical or mechanical pulping (Ferraz et al. 1998, 2000 a). An evaluation of the chemical changes occurring at the initial stages of biodegradation could help to elucidate the chemical basis of biopulping. However, only few of the methods available are suitable for this purpose. The derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC) method, which is suitable for in situ lignin characterization, is specific for releasing quantifiable monomers from aryl-glycerol beta-aryl ether linkages (Lu and Ralph 1997 a, b; 1998 a, b). This short communication reports the applications of this characterization method, and provides some current attempts to understand the structural alterations that occur during the biodegradation of Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda) by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. CuO oxidation was also used for in situ characterization of the main lignin moieties in decayed wood samples. Materials and Methods
Electron Velocity Overshoot Effect in Collector Depletion Layers of InP/InGaAs Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors

InP/InGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors with a 550-Å-thick base and 3000-Å-thick collector layers are fabricated to study the electron velocity overshoot effect in collector depletion layers. The intrinsic delay time evaluated at room temperature measurement remains almost constant at 0.7-0.8 ps in the investigated base/collector bias range of 0 to 1.1 V at a collector current density of 1×105 A/cm2. According to Monte Carlo simulation results, such bias-independent behavior is associated with the sufficiently large overshoot effect caused at high collector biases, where the overshoot velocity is enhanced by the high electric field.
XAI-based Medical Decision Support System Model

- The paper presents a model of the geriatric medical diagnostic support system (MDSS) developed in the context of artificial intelligence (AI) using elements of the explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) paradigm, such as computing with words (CWW), fuzzy SWOT analysis maps (FSM), possibility of verbal evaluation of sixteen symptoms, and estimates of the four interacting syndromes and their verbal interpretations. The functional organization of the model is presented mathematically using a vector description method and fuzzy reasoning operations. The viability and proper functioning of the implemented software model are confirmed by a pilot advisory practice in a geriatrics clinic. The paper concludes with a list of future further research.
Intersections between Race, Place, and Gender in the Production of /s/

Articulation of /s/ has been linked with gender identity in both production (e.g., Podesva and Van Hofwegen 2016, Hazenberg 2012) and perception studies (e.g., Strand 1999), with women producing a fronter /s/ than men, and a fronter /s/ being perceptually linked with femininity. However, this research has been conducted in largely white speech communities, and it remains an open question whether the same gendered patterns exist among African-American communities. We explore /s/ variation in two African-American (AA) communities: Rochester, NY, an urban community in which AAs form a significant portion of the population; and Bakersfield, CA, a non-urban community in which AAs form a small minority. Statistical analyses reveal no gender difference in /s/ articulation among Bakersfield AAs, with men being just as fronted as women. However, a gender pattern exists among Rochester AAs, with women being significantly more fronted than men. These results suggest that patterns linking phonetic variables to gender identities are specific to the communities under analysis, and may be influenced not only by speaker gender, but also by speaker race and geographic location. These patterns illuminate the importance of taking into account multiple intersecting dimensions of identity in studies of phonetic variation, as broad trends established for one group of speakers may not account for the complexity of how speakers of different demographic groups in different regions phonetically articulate gender identity. This working paper is available in University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics: https://repository.upenn. edu/pwpl/vol26/iss2/5
CloudButton Prototype of Abstractions , Fault-tolerance and Porting Tools

High-level programming models are essential to realising the potential of any distributed computing platform, and are commonplace in existing big data and machine learning systems. However, serverless computing lacks such abstractions, hence it is difficult for users to build new applications or port existing ones. To address this problem, we present several novel programming models in CloudButton, which adapt familiar big data, OS and HPC concepts to the serverless environment. Specifically these are: (1) MapReduce and multi-processing with the CloudButton Toolkit; (2) multi-threaded serverless programming with CRUCIAL; (3) FaasMP, automatic FaaS-ification of existing OpenMP code; and (4) FaasMPI, transparent execution of MPI applications on serverless.
Parallel Batch-Dynamic 3-Vertex Subgraph Maintenance

Counting certain subgraphs is a fundamental problem that is crucial in recognizing patterns in large graphs, such as social networks and biological interactomes. However, many real world graphs are constantly evolving and are subject to changes over time, and previous work on efﬁcient parallel subgraph counting algorithms either do not support dynamic modiﬁcations or do not extend to general subgraphs. This paper presents a theoretically-efﬁcient and demonstrably fast algorithm for parallel batch-dynamic 3 -vertex subgraph counting, and the underlying data structure can be extended to counting 4 -vertex subgraph counts as well. The algorithm maintains the h-index of the graph, or the maximum h such that the graph contains h vertices with degree at least h, and uses this to update subgraph counts through an efﬁcient traversal of two-paths, or wedges. For a batch of size b, the algorithm takes O ( bh ) expected amortized work and O ( log ( bh )) span with high probability.
Intra-operative events and countermeasures during esophagectomy via transcervical incision inflatable single-port mediastinoscope combined with laparoscopy

Background Esophagectomy via transcervical incision inflatable single-port mediastinoscope combined with laparoscopy as a safe and feasible minimally invasive technique has gained attention recently. But the occurrence of Intraoperative events is inevitable. It’s necessary to investigate and discuss the intraoperative events and countermeasures during operation. Methods Intraoperative events were retrospectively reviewed in 60 patients who underwent esophagectomy via transcervical incision inflatable single-port mediastinoscope combined with laparoscopy in the recent 3 years. Results There was no perioperative death and no aortic or bronchial injury. Bronchial artery injury occurred in 2 cases (3.34%), bronchial artery combined with azygos vein hemorrhage occurred in 1 case (1.67%). The pleura were injured in 3 cases (5%). Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury was noticed in 7 cases (11.67%). Thoracic duct injury occurred in 1 case (1.67%). Conclusions As a new surgical method, esophagectomy via transcervical incision inflatable single-port mediastinoscope combined with laparoscopy is considered safe and feasible, but requires improvement when compared with traditional surgical methods. Due to the influence of surgical space and with experienced surgeons, the incidence of intraoperative events such as intraoperative bleeding and thoracic duct injury is not dominant when compared with the traditional surgical methods. Thoracic surgeons should continuously improve their clinical knowledge as well as skills. Careful preoperative examination and evaluation of the patients, being familiar with the anatomical structure and various methods, wise selection of energy devices and calmly dealing with all kinds of events are the key factors for successful surgeries with fewer intraoperative events.
Aggregating Counterfactual Queries with Neural Architectures to Learn Complex Action Policies

We study the aggregation of multiple counterfactual queries when evaluating action policies in a contextual bandit scenario with batched data. This problem is commonly encountered since personalized treatments often lead to changes to multiple outcome variables. To reason with heterogeneous queries, we propose a class of loss functions composed of policy estimators built from a causal graph. Applying a model architecture inspired by deep learning, the base parameterized model can be jointly trained for the combination of queries. The trained model makes inference decisions on each data instance to maximize the desired aggregated counterfactual changes. Our method decomposes treatment into the binary treatment decision and action policy. This allows for policy learning on complex action spaces, including a blend of continuous and discrete treatments. We demonstrate the practical signiﬁcance of our methodology by applying it to real-world data, and our method outperform benchmarks on two publicly available datasets.