Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aspects of Magmatic Evolution on Reunion Island

As with the Hawaiian islands, the volcanic construction of Reunion can be related to two main phases of activity—a shield-form ing stage of predominantly olivine-basalt composition, and a declining stage comprising more varied products (basalt-trachyte). The older of the two Reunion volcanoes (Piton des Neiges) appears to have completed both these stages, but the younger volcano (Piton de la Fournaise) is still in the shield-forming stage, and is lagging approximately 1.5 Ma* behind Piton des Neiges in its evolution. The chemical data indicate a considerable degree of coherence between the various rock types produced during the different stages of development, and it is concluded that they all stem from essentially the same hypersthene-normative, picritic, primitive magma, generated by partial melting of peridotite in the low-velocity layer of the upper mantle. The shield-forming lavas are believed to represent relatively rapid ascent of this magma, only modified by olivine fractionation, but the declining stage seems to require intermediate-depth fractionation (olivine + pyroxene) to account for its initially nepheline-normative character, followed by high level fractionation (olivine+plagioclase + pyroxene + magnetite, etc.) to produce the hawaiite—mugearite—benmoreite—trachyte sequence. Volume considerations appear to favour an open system of basalt extraction, involving a relatively modest (7 to 15 %) degree of partial melting and continuous replenishment of the mantle source beneath Reunion, rather than a closed system with its restricted basalt potential even if as much as 50 % partial melting is postulated.
SMT Assembly Inspection Using Dual-Stream Convolutional Networks and Two Solder Regions

The automated optical inspection of a surface mount technology line inspects a printed circuit board for quality assurance, and subsequently classifies the chip assembly defects. However, it is difficult to improve the accuracy of previous defect classification methods using full chip component images with single-stream convolutional neural networks due to interference elements such as silk lines included in a printed circuit board image. This paper proposes a late-merge dual-stream convolutional neural network to increase the classification accuracy. Two solder regions are extracted from a printed circuit board image and are input to a convolutional neural network with a merge stage. A new convolutional neural network structure is then proposed that is able to classify for defects. Since defect features are concentrated in solder regions, the classification accuracy is increased. In addition, the network weight is reduced due to a reduction of the input data. Experimental results for the proposed method show a 5.3% higher performance in F1-score than a single-stream convolutional neural network based on full chip component images.
Tropical Cyclone‐Induced Gravity Wave Perturbations in the Upper Atmosphere: GITM‐R Simulations

The tropical cyclone (TC)‐induced concentric gravity waves (CGWs) are capable of propagating upward from convective sources in the troposphere to the upper atmosphere and creating concentric traveling ionospheric disturbances (CTIDs). To examine the CGWs propagation, we implement tropical cyclone‐induced CGWs into the lower boundary of global ionosphere‐thermosphere model with local‐grid refinement (GITM‐R) and simulate the influence of CGWs on the ionosphere and thermosphere. GITM‐R is a three‐dimensional non‐hydrostatic general circulation model for the upper atmosphere with the local‐grid refinement module to enhance the resolution at the location of interest. In this study, CGWs induced by the typhoon Meranti in 2016 have been simulated. Information of the TC shape and moving trails is obtained from the TC best‐track dataset, and the gravity wave patterns are specified at the lower boundary of GITM‐R (100 km altitude). The horizontal wavelength and phase velocity of wave perturbation at the lower boundary are specified to be consistent with the TEC observations. The simulation reveals a clear evolution of CTIDs, which shows reasonable agreement with the GPS‐TEC observations. This is the first time the typhoon‐driven TEC perturbation has been simulated in a general circulation model. To further examine the dependence of the CTIDs on the wavelength and frequency of the gravity wave perturbation at the lower boundary, different waveforms have been tested as well. The magnitude of CTIDs has a negative correlation with the period but a positive correlation with the wavelength when the horizontal phase velocities are sufficiently fast against the critical‐level absorption.
Barrières au flux génique en Méditerranée Occidentale : étude de la différenciation génétique chez deux mollusques marins, Mytilus galloprovincialis & Stramonita haemastoma,

La genetique des populations a revele que la diversite genetique des especes marines etait tres souvent distribuee de facon discrete dans l’espace, en mosaique de patchs populationnels genetiquement homogenes delimites par des discontinuites appelees barriere au flux genique. L’objectif de cette these etait de contribuer a mieux comprendre les processus expliquant l’origine, le maintien et la position des barrieres genetiques au niveau de la zone de transition entre l’Atlantique et la Mediterranee. Dans un premier temps a ete etudiee la structure genetique de la moule Mytilus galloprovincialis. Contrairement au cline abrupt et etroit reporte en Espagne, nous avons decouvert en Algerie une vaste zone hybride mosaique sur 600 km de cotes a l'Est du front oceanique Almeria-Oran. Dans un deuxieme temps a ete menee une etude de la structure genetique du gasteropode marin Stramonita haemastoma. Nous avons decouvert deux lignees cryptiques differentiellement fixees pour des haplogroupes mitochondriaux, et differenciees sur 3 marqueurs microsatellites developpes dans cette these. La distribution spatiale en mosaique est etonnante avec un patch de la lignee atlantique enclave au nord de la Mediterranee occidentale et borde par une zone hybride au sud dans la region de Valence. Ces deux etudes mettent en avant l’importance de l’isolement reproductif intrinseque dans l’explication de la distribution mosaique de la diversite genetique marine. Bien que les frontieres entre patchs correspondent a des barrieres physiques a la dispersion ou a des ecotones, l’hydrographie et l’environnement n’expliquent sans doute que la position des discontinuites genetiques mais ni leur origine ni leur maintien.
Pre-Operative Hyponatremia in a High Dependency Cardiovascular Surgical Center of a Tertiary Health Facility in Nigeria: Risk Factors, Prevalence, Clinical Correlates and Treatment Outcome. A Retrospective Cohort Study

Introduction: Hyponatremia is the commonest electrolyte derangement seen in medical and surgical wards and in high dependency treatment units. It is associated with prolonged hospital stay, high economic burden and increased morbidity and mortality. Hyponatremia is well reported in medical and surgical conditions but literature is scanty concerning its relationship with treatment outcome in patients managed in high dependency heart and vascular surgical centers. Objectives: To determine the prevalence, determinants, clinical correlates and outcome of pre-operative hyponatremia. Methods: Retrospective study involving patients that had surgery (cardiac and vascular) between January 2015 and December 2019. Data were obtained from patients’ case files, perioperative and intensive unit charts. All participants with preoperative hyponatremia had their serum sodium corrected to ≥135 mmol before surgical incision and those with hypernatremia had their sodium corrected to <145 mmol. The socio-demographic, clinical, laboratory findings were entered. Statistical analysis was done using student’s t-test and Chi square. Results: Of the 305 participants (186 males and 119 females), pre-operative hyponatremia was found in 30.8% and normonatremia in 59.7%. Pre-operative hyponatremia was more common in advance age, overweight, those presenting for open heart and other major surgeries and those with background chronic heart failure and chronic liver disease. Participants with pre-operative hyponatremia had shortened and also prolonged hospital stay and higher risk of death than with normonatremia. Conclusion: Pre-operative hyponatremia is common in high dependency surgical unit particularly in the elderly, those with comorbidities and those presenting for major heart surgeries. It impacts negatively on the morbidity and mortality as it could shorten hospital stay through death, and could prolong hospital stay with increased health burden on patients, their care givers and the general population. The impact of this finding across different races needs further evaluation.
Students Perception towards Technical Education and Vocational Training (TEVT) Colleges in the Greater Buffalo City Metropole

Perception plays a vital role in anything one should be interested to acquire. This research study aims at investigating the expectations and perceptions of students towards Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions at the Buffalo City Metro. The objectives of this study included assessing whether student’s choice when deciding to enroll at higher education institutions is influenced by their perceptions. Additionally, the study strives to investigate the marketing communication practices employed by the TVET Colleges that influence student decision thus contributing towards improving students’ perception towards TVET Colleges. For TVET Colleges, marketing communication plays a vital role in students’ recruitment. The findings of this study reveal that a majority of students would prefer a university rather than a TVET College as a higher education route. It was also noted that although that is the issue, majority students would go to TVETs as an alternative. Marketing communications of TVET Colleges need to be improved in order for students to change their perceptions and select TVETs well-informed.
Color segmentation and neural networks for automatic graphic relief of the state of conservation of artworks

This paper proposes a semi-automated methodology based on a sequence of analysis processes performed on multispectral images of artworks and aimed at the extraction of vector maps regarding their state of conservation. The graphic relief of the artwork represents the main instrument of communication and synthesis of information and data acquired on cultural heritage during restoration. Despite the widespread use of informatics tools, currently, these operations are still extremely subjective and require high execution times and costs. In some cases, manual execution is particularly complicated and almost impossible to carry out. The methodology proposed here allows supervised, partial automation of these procedures avoids approximations and drastically reduces the work times, as it makes a vector drawing by extracting the areas directly from the raster images. We propose a procedure for color segmentation based on principal/independent component analysis (PCA/ICA) and SOM neural networks and, as a case study, present the results obtained on a set of multispectral reproductions of a painting on canvas.
Surface Slip Distribution Along the West Helanshan Fault, Northern China, and Its Implications for Fault Behavior

High‐resolution topographic data sets have now become increasingly available, which allows for remotely measuring and analyzing offset features and their associated slip distributions at a very high resolution along a fault, hence providing important insights into the fault behavior. The West Helanshan Fault is a Holocene active right‐lateral strike‐slip fault located at the junction of the Tibetan Plateau, Alashan, and Ordos blocks. In this study, a 2‐m‐resolution DEM of the West Helanshan Fault was built from the WorldView‐3 stereo satellite images (0.5 m). Combined with the high‐resolution topography acquired from the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) images based on the Structure from Motion (SfM) method, a total of 180 lateral offsets and 201 vertical displacements were acquired along ~50 km of the fault. By statistical analysis of the offset observations and constructing the cumulative slip profiles, we conclude that large paleoearthquakes have produced characteristic slip accumulation along the fault with a right‐lateral slip of ~3 m and a vertical slip of ~1 m, rupturing at least two segments of the fault simultaneously, which corresponds to a moment magnitude of Mw 7.1 ~ 7.5. The cumulative slip profiles suggest that the fault has likely propagated northward over its lifetime, and the south segment may be the most mature section of the fault where larger coseismic slip of earthquake ruptures may occur. The ratio of lateral to vertical displacement has remained constant (~3:1) through multiple successive events, indicating that the fault has maintained the same kinematic style over the last few thousands of years.
Taxonomic significance of epidermal and venation characters in the genus Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae) in Nigeria

This study investigated the foliar anatomy and venation patterns of thirteen species of the genus Diospyros in Nigeria with a view to identifying characters of great taxonomic value in the genus. Plant collections were made from different locations in Southwest Nigeria and the site of collection georeferenced with a GPS device. Samples were identified at the Herbarium of Botany Department, Obafemi Awolowo University (IFE). Voucher Specimens were deposited in the herbarium and voucher number assigned to each of the species. The samples were subjected to foliar epidermal and venation examinations. Qualitative data were recorded as the quantitative data were subjected to statistical analysis and the characters vary significantly (P = 0.05). Epidermal and venation characters which separate the taxa include stomata type, size and index, shape and size of epidermal cell, trichome type, presence/ absence of crystal/druses, as well as venation. Paxillate venation in D. suaveolens is diagnostic for the species. The presence of parenchymatous sheath over the veins and veinlets in D. tricolor is a spot character. The study reveals that leaf epidermal and venation characters are important in delimitation of species in the genus Diospyros.
Sensitivity of idealized mixed‐phase stratocumulus to climate perturbations

Large‐eddy simulations (LESs) that explicitly resolve boundary layer (BL) turbulence and clouds are used to explore the sensitivity of idealized Arctic BL clouds to climate perturbations. The LESs focus on conditions resembling springtime, when surface heat fluxes over sea ice are weak, and the cloud radiative effect is dominated by the long‐wave effect. In the LES, the condensed water path increases with BL temperature and free‐tropospheric relative humidity, but it decreases with inversion strength. The dependencies of cloud properties on environmental variables exhibited by the LES can largely be reproduced by a mixed‐layer model. Mixed‐layer model analysis shows that the liquid water path increases with warming because the liquid water gradient increase under warming overcompensates for geometric cloud thinning. This response contrasts with the response of subtropical stratocumulus to warming, whose liquid water path decreases as the clouds thin geometrically under warming. The results suggest that methods used to explain the response of lower‐latitude BL clouds to climate change can also elucidate changes in idealized Arctic BL clouds, although subtropical and Arctic clouds occupy different thermodynamic regimes.
The Effects of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Conditioned Medium on Fibroblast Tension Generation and Migration

Chronic wounds are often characterized by persistent inflammation. These wounds provide a favorable environment for bacteria to establish an infection, which may lead to the formation of a biofilm that can delay the healing process. Although the occurrence of biofilms in chronic wounds is known, the role of these biofilms in chronic wound pathogenesis is still unclear. Chronic wounds may be affected directly by the biofilm or through interaction with secreted products of the biofilm bacteria. Our goal was to investigate the Staphylococcus aureus biofilm extract effects in collagen lattice tension generation on fibroblasts. The control and TGF‐beta treated lattices were cultured in presence or absence of S. aureus biofilm conditioned medium. The mature control lattices showed the greatest contraction followed by biofilm with less contraction. The reduction of contraction was correlated with less number of proliferated and differentiated myofibroblasts in biofilm‐conditioned treated lattices. Tension generation is one of the important factors in wound closing by myofibroblasts; cell migration is another important aspect of wound healing. We also hypothesized that the biofilm conditioned medium of S. aureus would affect the migration of fibroblasts. The quantitative analysis of two‐dimensional cell migration was conducted using silicone elastomer mask migration assay. Cells were cultured in the presence or absence of biofilm conditioned medium and the migratory response was measured with the image of cell free area invaded by fibroblasts at T0, T24, T48 and T72 hrs. The percentage of area invaded by fibroblasts in control at T48 was found to be 62.04 whereas the percentage of area invaded for biofilm‐treated cells was 58.05. In conclusion, fibroblast tension generation and migration behavior was inhibited by the biofilm conditioned medium. The future goal is to investigate the mechanism behind the inhibition properties of biofilm conditioned media on fibroblasts.
An advanced implementation idea for detecting real-time object occupancy

Object detection is a title that has earned significances over several fields which have always benefitted socially during circumstances, namely incidents involving human endangerment such as natural disaster where threat may occur in the form of an earthquake, human entrapment underneath rubbles per se. The usage of PIR (Passive Infrared Rays) motion detector to detect humans, objects and other living beings through their movement, has proven the ability in handling situations where such detection is the best chance. However, this approach is not utilized in every situation. In the proposed research paper, an object occupancy detection technology notion is detailed which will describe the function to detect the occupancy or presence of human in an area, specifically transport vehicles that will help in determining passengers inside and to find lost objects as well. The motive behind raising this technological need is to aid or assist in occurrence wherein facing difficulty to find an object being lost or misplaced in a space, as well to detect the humans occupied. This assistance shall ease the detection of occupancy and identifying the lost object. The comprehended object occupancy idea is utilized to recognize the humans and object detection. The implementation idea shall facilitate the utilization of PIR-based motion detector sensor to recognize human presence as well as SlimYOLOv3 framework to identify objects. Circumstances where the occupancy of humans are counted and object to be identified are the main output.
Does mating negatively affect female immune defences in insects?

Immunity is an important mechanism of protection against pathogens and parasites. One factor that can influence immunity is mating. During mating, male-derived materials are transferred to females, and the physical contact also involves the potential risk of sexually transmitted infections, and wounding. Thus, mating can challenge a female’s immune system. This review focuses on exploring how immunity and mating interact in female insects. Although mating has been shown to cause female immune responses in several species, the responses do not always match the observed resistance to pathogens/parasites. Mating up-regulates female immune responses while female resistance is reduced compared to virgin females in some species, and vice versa in other taxa. We discuss why mismatches occur and why post-mating female resistance differs among species, and suggest that measured immune responses may not correlate with female resistance. Also, the mating system will play a major role. Polyandrous mating systems can generate intense post-mating sexual conflict, which can impose high costs of mating on females. Reduced female post-mating resistance may be due to direct suppression of female immunity by males. Alternatively, polyandry may increase the risk of sexually transmitted infections. If this is the major factor driving female post-mating resistance, females of polyandrous species should have higher post-mating immunity. To date, there are insufficient numbers of studies to fully answer the question ‘does mating negatively affect female immune defences in insects? ’ To elucidate the links between immunity and mating in females, we need more studies in more species with varied mating systems.
Serum Biochemical, Hormonal and Fatty Acid Profiles During the Late Gestation of Pregnancy Ketosis in Boer Cross Goats

Pregnancy ketosis has been recognized as one of the common metabolic disease affecting goat’s meat and milk production. For the present study, sixteen (n=16) individuals of pregnant does at day 80 of pregnancy had been used. A total of 8 does were categorized as control group (healthy pregnant goats), were fed on Napier grass and goat concentrate with water ad libitum, and another 8 does were considered as treatment group which categorized as ketosis based on the clinical signs and presence of ketone body in urine. Blood sample were collected from all goats for biochemical profiles analysis which were glucose, Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), free fatty acid (FFA), calcium, electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride), liver enzyme and hormonal levels (cortisol and insulin). Three does from each group were slaughtered and liver samples were collected for fatty acid profiles study. In this study, the BHBA, FFA, calcium, amino aspartate transferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and cortisol hormone were significantly higher in pregnancy ketosis goats as compared to control group. Meanwhile, the concentration of glucose, sodium, potassium, chloride and insulin hormones were lower in pregnancy ketosis goats as compared to control. Furthermore, the fatty acid composition in blood plasma of pregnant goat with ketosis showed higher level of palmitic, stearic and oleic acid, while in liver, palmitic, oleic and linoleic acid was found higher.
“Why can’t this work here?”: social innovation and collective impact in a micropolitan community

ABSTRACT Cross-sector partnerships, and collective impact, in particular, have gained increased attention as community-level strategies for tackling wicked, complex, social challenges such as child maltreatment. To date, there has been limited independent research on collective impact, especially in non-metropolitan areas with limited capacity. This case study examines the conditions that supported the development of a collective impact effort in a non-metropolitan community to address child wellbeing. It finds that small communities offer strengths that support collective impact as a social innovation as well as challenges that create vulnerabilities to outside influence that may stymie the development of locally developed social innovations.