Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Encapsulation system for protection of probiotics during processing

FIELD: food industry. SUBSTANCE: products are described, such as products in the form of a beverage, containing at least one aqueous fluid and capsules containing the gelatinous mixture of alginate and denatured protein and probiotic bacteria captured in this gelatinous mixture. Also, methods are represented for preparing such encapsulated probiotics providing the mixture comprising sodium alginate, denatured protein and active probiotic cells, and combining this mixture with a divalent cation for the initiation of cold gelation of sodium alginate and denatured protein to form the second mixture which is passed through a hole having a diameter of less than 1000 microns, and the ratio of protein to alginate is from 1:1 to 9:1. EFFECT: invention enables to prevent the destruction of probiotic bacteria during processing and storage, and degradation by the stomach acid, proteolytic enzymes and bile salts prior to the excretion to the colon. 44 cl, 15 dwg, 5 tbl, 9 ex
Molecules involved in acrosomal exocytosis and cortical granule exocytosis

At fertilization, the acrosome reaction and cortical reaction are crucial process to block polyspermy and the prevention of triploidy. Although molecules involved in trigger secretion are various in different exocytosis events, the two processes may share the similar exocytosis mechanism. Exocytosis is an accurate regulated process that consists of multiple stages such as recruitment, targeting, tethering and docking of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane, priming of the fusion machinery and calcium-triggered membrane fusion. After fusion, the membrane around the secretory vesicle is incorporated into the plasma membrane and the granule releases its contents. The proteins involved in these processes belong to several highly conserved families: Rab GTPases, SNAREs (soluble NSF-attachment protein receptors), α-SNAP (α-NSF attachment protein), NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor), Munc13, Munc18, complexins and synaptotagmins. This review discussed that molecules believed to participate in the secretory function and their involvement in acrosome and cortical granule exocytosis.
Plasmids for Amoxicillin and Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolate Causing Urinary Tract Infection

Background: Escherichia coli causes urinary tract infection (UTI), one of the most frequent bacterial infections in humans, shows resistance to various commonly prescribed antibiotics. This is termed as multi drug resistance, which is increasing among E. coli. The multi-drug resistant E. coli isolates harbor multiple plasmids that might be responsible for antibiotic resistance. The resistance can be transferred among bacteria through horizontal transfer of the genetic materials. Objectives: We undertook this study 1) to find a link between antibiotic resistance and plasmid of E. coli from UTI patients of Sylhet region of Bangladesh 2) to analyze the spread of the plasmid mediated antibiotic resistant gene between E. coli isolates. Methods: Conjugation experiment was carried out in Luria Broth with E. coli DH5α as recipient. For transformation, competent cells were prepared using E. coli DH5α. Plasmid isolation was done by mini alkaline lysis method and plasmid was extracted from agarose gel and transferred to the competent cell. Results: After conjugation, the donor E. coli isolate that showed resistance to amoxicillin (AMX), ciprofloxacin (CIP) and ceftriaxone (CTR) tranferred its AMX and CIP resistance to the recipient E. coli DH5α, that was previously sensitive to all antibiotics. After transformation, the recipient E. coli DH5α became resistant to CIP and AMX, while the donor showed resistance to gentamycin (CN), ceftriaxone (CTR), amoxicillin (AMX), ciprofloxacin (CIP), cefixime CFM, and cotrimoxazole (COT). Plasmid extracted from the transformant revealed that, three genes (3 kb, 5 kb and 20 kb) have been transferred from the donor to recipient. Conclusion: Plasmids responsible for amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin were transferred
Deciphering the role of SerpinB2 in cancer invasion and metastasis

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Relationship between Plant Species Diversity and Plant Biomass of Orchard Grass and Lucerne Sown in Different Ratios in the Province of Salamanca, Spain

A field experiment was carried out at the CSIC Muñovela farm belonging to the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) in order to evaluate the effect of sowing orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata var. Trerano) and lucerne (Medicago sativa var. Aragon) in monoculture and in combination. The experiment was based on a randomized block designed with a factorial arrangement (5 × 2). Experimental units were 40 plots distributed in four blocks. The phosphorus fertilization (P) factor included two types of conditions: basal fertilization without phosphorus (-P) and basal fertilization with phosphorus (+P), and the vegetation cover factor (T) included five conditions depending on the grass (G) and the legume (L). Above-ground biomass showed statistically significant differences among seasons and years (P Lolium perenne L. and Poa pratensis L. throughout the three years indicated that both species significantly increased their presence over time regardless of the treatments applied. The analysis performed for the other plant species (those other than grasses and legumes) allowed us to determine that the T1 and T5 treatments, which correspond to single species not treated with the application of phosphorus, influenced the presence of 70% of other species planted. Our specific aim was to explore how changing plant biotic diversity affects productivity under a given set of conditions. We manipulated plant species richness as an experimental factor to determine if productivity would be affected by changes in the ratios of plants sown.
A case of close interspecific interactions between diatoms: selective attachment on a benthic motile species

: Although diatoms are extensively used as bioindicators, positive interactions between species have been rarely investigated. In this study, the attachment of diatoms of the genus Amphora on benthic motile diatoms is described. The analysis of a river biofilm sample shows that the attached diatoms clearly select large sigmoid Nitzschia hosts. The examination of a regional database suggests that the attachment of Amphora copulata may be common in rivers and that the preferred host is Nitzschia sigmoidea .
Size structure and dynamics of an invasive population of lineage 2 of Asparagopsis taxiformis (Florideophyceae) in the Alboran Sea

In this study, we present basic population data of the red macroalga Asparagopsis taxiformis, widely recognized as invasive in the Mediterranean Sea. A 13‐month field study was carried out on a population located in southern Spain, addressing its phenology, population dynamics and demography. We further tested whether biomass variations were related to environmental variables at the study site. Gametophytes were present year‐round while tetrasporophytes were only found in spring and summer. Recruitment capacity and vegetative growth of the gametophytes are discussed as important modulators for the population structure and enhancers of its persistence. Thallus size‐time histograms revealed a high prevalence of small shoots that showed high mortality that was not related to self‐thinning. Biomass of A. taxiformis was higher from March to July. Vegetative growth was the main way the gametophyte population was maintained, although the presence of tetrasporophytes and fertile gametophytes in the field confirms that sexual reproduction also occurs. Its continuous and high recruitment, in terms of the number of smallest shoots, makes this southern population of A. taxiformis a source of future invasive populations due to the intensive maritime traffic in the region.
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI RAGI Saccharomyces cerevisiae DAN LAMA FERMENTASI TERHADAP KUALITAS CUKA TOMI-TOMI (Flacourtia inermis)

This objectives of this research were both to study and determine the best level of concentration of yeast Saccharomyces cereviseae and period of fermentation on the quality of tomi-tomi vinegar (Flacourtia inermis). A completely randomized experimental design with two factors of treatment was applied in this research. The first factor was concentration of yeast S. cereviseae having four levels of tretament, i.e.: without the addition of yeast 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g yeast. The second factor was period fermentation with 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks. The result indicated that the concentration of yeast S. cereviseae 1.5 g and period fermentation 5 week produced a good tomi-tomi vinegar with total acids 51.22%, total dissolved solids 8.35, total sugar 8.07% and pH 5.40.
Three new taxa of Noctuidae from China (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The descriptions of new taxa in Noctuidae are given: a new species of Acronictinae ( Subleuconycta sola sp. nov.), and two new subspecies of Noctuinae ( Isochlora grumi multirosea ssp. nov.) and Poliinae ( Polia atrax vargai ssp. nov.).
New genera and a new species of Central American salamanders, with a review of the tropical genera (Amphibia, Caudata, Plethodontidae)

A new genus and species of plethodontid bolitoglos- sin: salamander is described from material collected in northwestern Guatemala. Bradytriton silus new genus, new species, is unique in a cornbination of structural characteristics that includes a laterally cornpressed tail, stocky body with no clearly defined neck, and short, slender limbs bearing syndactylous hands and feet. To diagnose the new genus, an analysis of the entire neotropical assemblage of pleth- od(intid salamanders was undertaken. Approximately 138 species bel Jng to the supergenus Bolitoglossa and 1 1 genera are recognized. Th: genus Chiropterotriton is shown to be polyphyletic; thus, two new genera are described. Nototriton new genus, includes the picadoi group of Chiropterotriton beta. Dendrotriton new genus, includes the hrc meliacia group of Chiropterotriton beta. Those species formerly cal ed Chiropterotriton alpha remain as the sole representatives of the genus. Eight of the eleven neotropical genera are shown to be monophyletic. Of the three exceptional genera, both Dendrotriton and Nototriton are nonparaphyletic relative to all genera except Oed- ipiaa. but Dendrotriton is easily distinguished from Oedipina. No- tot,iton may be paraphyletic relative to Oedipina, but the two genera car be readily distinguished on the basis of major differences in ecc logy and shape. Pseudoeurycea comprises morphologically gen- eralized species that may not be far removed from the morphology off he ancestral stock ofthe entire neotropical group. Only Nyctanolis and Chiropterotriton are more plesiomorphic than Pseudoeurycea. Lists of species assigned to the genera are provided. Potential rela- tio iships within the supergenus Bolitoglossa are discussed, but par- alldism and convergence have been so extensive that no definitive sta ement concerning generic affinities is possible.
Identification and Characterization of PTBP1-Regulated Splicing Events During Neuronal Differentiation.

Alternative splicing is an important form of gene regulation during tissue development. In the mammalian nervous system, complex splicing patterns produce new protein isoforms with different structures and functions specific to neurons. These splicing patterns are regulated in a temporal and cell-specific manner by the expression of specialized pre-mRNA binding proteins (RBPs). The polypyrimidine tract binding (PTB) proteins, PTBP1 and PTBP2, are RBPs that control extensive programs of alternative splicing during neuronal differentiation and maturation. However, the neuronal splicing programs regulated by PTBP1 and PTBP2 are not fully characterized, and the cellular function of their regulated isoforms remains largely unknown. Here we define the PTBP1 splicing program during in vitro neuronal differentiation and show that PTBP1 guides developmental gene expression programs by regulating an alternative exon in the homeodomain transcription factor Pbx1. We use RNA-sequencing to identify thousands of alternative exons that are differentially spliced as mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC) differentiate into neuronal progenitor cells (NPC) and then into neurons, during the transition from PTBP1 expression to PTBP2. We then define the subset of these neuronal exons controlled by PTBP1 in ESCs and NPCs by RNA-sequencing analysis after PTBP1 depletion and PTBP1 crosslinking-immunoprecipitation (iCLIP-seq). Among these targets, we find that PTBP1 represses splicing of exon 7 in the Pbx1 transcript leading to expression of the Pbx1b isoform in ESCs and NPCs. To study the consequences of this Pbx1 splicing switch, we use the CRISPR-Cas9 technology to induce or eliminate exon 7 splicing in different cell types. We delete regulatory elements in Pbx1 intron 6 to force exon 7 splicing and Pbx1a expression in ESCs. We find that the early expression of Pbx1a enhances expression of a defined group of neurogenic genes, many of which were previously identified as Pbx1 targets. Cas9-targeted deletion of Pbx1 exon 7 forces expression of Pbx1b, with the loss of Pbx1a, in differentiated motor neurons. We find that these cells differentiate normally but exhibit altered expression of Pbx1 target genes. These data demonstrate that one component of the PTBP1 regulatory network is to control the activity of the transcription factor Pbx1 and thus to alter the transcriptional program of neuronal differentiation.
Potential of Moringa oleifera as a functional food ingredient: A review

Nowadays, with continuously changing socio-economic status, people have become more concerned about their health. Utilization of natural products of plant origin having lesser side effects has gained popularity over the years. There is immense scope for foods that can impart health benefits beyond traditional nutrients. Moringa oleifera (Drumstick tree) is one such tree having enormous nutritional and medicinal benefits. It is rich in macro and micro nutrients like protein, carbohydrate, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, iron, vitamins, beta carotene and other bioactive compounds which are important for normal functioning of the body and prevention of certain diseases. Most of the parts of Moringa oleifera including leaves, flowers and seeds are edible and other parts like bark, pods have use in biodiesel production and water purification. Moringa oleifera has tremendous therapeutic properties including anticancer, antiulcer, antimicrobial, antioxidant. Various researches have concluded that Moringa should be used as functional ingredient in food products. This review aims to highlight the use of Moringa oleifera as a potential ingredient in food products as well as in other industries to serve as a background for future research works.
Detection of Anticarsia gemmatalis Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus in Predatory Arthropods and Parasitoids After Viral Release in Louisiana Soybean2

Anticarsia gemmatalis Hubner nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AgNPV) was released into field plots; samples were then collected weekly to determine the complex of predatory arthropods and parasitoids contaminated with the virus due to attacks on the infected hosts. No contamination was detected on day 1 after the release or at any time in control samples. In the treated plots, the percentage of contaminated predatory arthropods and parasitoids declined from 79% on day 8 to 20% on day 41. In samples averaging 16 m distance from treated plots, contamination increased from 32% on day 8 to 69% on day 27, then decreased to 21% on day 41. The AgNPV was detected in at least six species of Hemiptera, one Coleoptera, nine species of spiders, one species of hymenopteran parasitoid, and two dipteran parasitoids.
The effect of lavender essential oil and nanoemulsion on Trichomonas vaginalis in vitro

Background: Trichomonas vaginalis is the cause of trichomoniasis. Due to increased resistance and side effects of the drugs, the aim of this study was to assess an anti-trichomonias effect of lavender (Lavandula officinalis) essential oil and nanoemulsion on T. vaginalis in vitro. Materials and Methods: Lavender essential oil components were characterized by gas chromatography. To determine the cytotoxicity effects, the macrophage cell line J774.A. 1 was used. Trichomonas vaginalis was isolated from vaginal secretions of the infected women and then cultured in the TYM complete medium and passaged for 10 days. The effect of essential oil and 1 lavender nanoemulsion in concentrations 10, 25, 50 and 100 μg/mL in the 24-well plate were examined at 1, 2 and 3 hours as triplicate. Positive control was metronidazole (50 μg/mL). The number of live and dead parasites was counted by trypan blue stain with a Neubauer slide. Results: The viability of the macrophages for lavender essential oil was 93.70 and for nanoemulsion was 90.90. Essential oil and nanoemulsion of lavender in concentration of 100 μg/mL and during 3 hours showed 81.7 and 81.9 growth inhibitory, respectively. This difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Lavender essential oil and nanoemulsion has a desirable inhibitory effect on growth of T.vaginalis and can be a good choice for conducting therapeutic investigations regarding trichomonial infections.
Allometric relationships for vegetative growth flush in pruned stems of macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia): effects of carbohydrate source and season

Abstract. Hedging is used to control tree size in macadamia orchards, but the effects on subsequent shoot growth and floral initiation may impair fruit production. Four-year-old grafted macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche) trees were subjected to pruning of the most recent seasonal shoot in autumn and spring. Factorial combinations of treatments included girdling or not girdling near the base of the previous season’s (parent) shoot; removal of all except two, four or six leaves from the parent shoot; and defoliation or no defoliation of the shoot that appeared after pruning. Initial numbers and dimensions of flush-shoot internodes were similar for all branch treatments in autumn and for girdled branches in spring, and were smaller than half those for non-girdled stems in spring. Later flush-shoot growth depended on the number of leaves retained on the parent shoot, the presence or absence of a connection to the tree below the parent shoot, and on the season, declining with limiting growing degree-days in winter and accelerating with increasing growing degree-days in summer. In both seasons, reserves beyond the parent (previous season’s) shoot contributed the major source of carbohydrate for continuing flush-shoot growth, and particularly the growth of leaves. The combinations of seasonal conditions, shoot parameters before the commencement of flush-shoot growth, and flush-shoot morphology permit the inference of allometric relationships that can be applied to the quantitative modelling of vegetative shoot morphology and growth in macadamia.
The impact of non-nutritive sweeteners on gut microbiota: insulin resistance

Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are ever more common in the ingredients list of food products. They are being used, by the food industry, to bypass the use of sugar and, yet, retain the sweetness that allures consumers, who, although increasingly health conscious, seek out sweet tasting foods. It is this growing presence in our diet, which raises health concerns in the scientific community. Even though there are studies that demonstrate the usefulness of NNS in weight loss and in glycaemic control, there also exists evidence that chronic usage of these substances can lead to the opposite results intended. While the physiologic pathways that link NNS with weight gain and insulin resistance remains unclear, there is a growing amount of evidence that such a connection does, in fact exist. Gut microbiota has been hypothesised as a possible link between NNS consumption and obesity and insulin resistance, through its own microbe modulation and resulting metabolites. These studies could shed new light on the possible hazards of NNS usage and, in the future, impact the present recommendations.
MANAGEMENT OF BACTERIAL DISEASES OF POTATO IN ORISSA

Potato is the most important food crops both in developed as well as in developing countries. In spite of the fact that potato is a short duration crop, is nutritionally superior and capable of producing high amount of food per unit area and time. Potato is also equally prone to a large number of diseases which not only occur during the cropping period, also can cause heavy post-harvest losses. Potato still continues to suffer from these diseases, more importantly the bacterial diseases, in spite of development of disease management strategies which were found to be inadequate. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to open new avenues for this management of bacterial diseases. Survey on occurrence of potato diseases in Odisha revealed that early blight, late blight, black leg and soft rot, wilt and brown rot were the major diseases. Studies on the effect of long term storage of freshly harvested potato tubers resulted that small size tubers of varieties Kufri Chandramukhi can be stored under ambient condition for longer period. Rise in minimum temperature contributed by 47 per cent towards rotting of potato tubers. Successful detection of test bacterial pathogen associated with potato tuber could be made following tube agglutration test. Assay of antibacterial characters associated with aqueous plant extracts exhibited significant inhibition of growth of R. solanacearum by M. arnensis, Musa sp. , N. indicum, T. bellirica, E. officinalis and A. asper; P. carotovorum by E. hirta, P. pomegranet, L. esculantum and R. serpentine; and both the bacteria by N. nuochalis, M. oleifera, C. aurentifolia, C. amba, Z. officinale, S. arjuna, S. indica and R. serpentine. Five new antibiotics were found to be more effective in inhibiting the growth of the test bacteria in comparison to this standard checks. A field study on the management of potato sectorial disease indicated that soil application of stable bleaching powder seven days before planting and planting of seed tubers treated with streptocycline followed four basal drenching of the same chemical significantly reduced bacterial wilt and rot of potato. Further studies on evaluation of aqueous plant extracts are required in order to assess their potentiality in inducing resistance in plant against the bacterial plant pathogen which would be the most economical pathway in the management of bacterial diseases in plants.