Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Climate change and adaptive water management: innovative solution

Water is the unique source for the survival of life form. Climate change is brings a huge change in the water utilization in different sectors by increasing in the demand and reducing in the availability. The reduction in availability directly related to extreme events of monsoon such as drought, floods etc. Water management is the most important strategy for sustainable use of water resources. India is has 4 percent of total global water resource and its total geographical area is 2.4 percent of the worlds land area. Climate change is the most important issue now a days because it has significantly negative impacts on natural resource and agricultural crop production. Climate change is reducing the productivity and production of many agricultural crops. So, what we need is the sustainable utilization of water resource to complete the food demand by using new water utilization techniques because water is the most limiting and most vulnerable system to climate change.
Modeling of nonlinear viscoelastic polymeric materials at their large periodic deformation

Analyzing the behavior of flows of polymers solutions and melts in the area of non-linear viscoelasticity allows to estimate more precisely the adequacy of the rheological model and to describe the material structure in more detail. Today a lot of models describe non-linear properties of polymeric materials rather accurately. However, the formulation of a uniform rheological model remains open. Therefore this work considers the modified Vinogradov-Pokrovsky rheological model which formed the basis for numerical calculations for periodic deformation of shear flows of polymeric liquids with a large amplitude. The non-linear viscoelastic properties shown in the course of the research of behavior of polymeric material at large deformations were studied by means of the immediate analysis of time dependence of shear stresses which were calculated at various amplitudes. It was stated that when increasing the amplitude of deformation the response stops being the exact harmonica, and a “step” on the left-hand front appears. It manifests the nonlinear response of a sample. The work compares obtained theoretical dependences and the experimental data for 5% mass solutions of the polyethylene oxide in dimethylsulfoxide which was studied at harmonic deformations with the large amplitude reaching 40 relative units. These dependences were measured at 35°C and the frequency of 0.2 Hz. Despite its simplicity, the modified Vinogradov-Pokrovsky rheological model shows good compliance with the experimental data. The results show that the chosen model adequately describes behavior of polymeric materials at large periodic deformations. Therefore this model may be applied for modeling more complex flows of fluid polymeric environments.
The Effects of Artificial Selection for Rapid Cycling in Brassica rapa on Herbivore Preference and Performance

Premise of research. The assumption of a trade-off between growth and defense is a major tenet of plant defense theory, though not all prior research has supported this trade-off. If this trade-off exists, plant genotypes that grow rapidly should be less well defended against herbivory than more slowly growing genotypes. Furthermore, selection for rapid growth and early flowering should indirectly result in plants becoming more susceptible to herbivory. Methodology. We tested this hypothesis by examining the effects of artificial selection for rapid cycling (fast growth and early flowering) in Brassica rapa on preference and performance of a specialist (Pieris rapae) and a generalist (Trichoplusia ni) lepidopteran herbivore. We used the resurrection approach, comparing ancestral (before selection) and descendant (after selection) B. rapa plants, which allowed us to directly examine evolutionary responses of traits affecting herbivory. We employed choice and no-choice feeding trials and oviposition trials to assess herbivore preference and performance on ancestral and descendant leaf tissue. Pivotal results. There was no difference in feeding preference of the specialist for ancestral or descendant leaf tissue. The specialist and generalist caterpillars showed greater weight gain on ancestral compared to descendant leaf tissue, but specialist caterpillars consumed more descendant than ancestral leaf tissue. Specialist butterflies showed an oviposition preference for ancestors. There was no difference in trichome counts or specific leaf area, but descendants had lower leaf carbon∶nitrogen ratios than ancestors. Conclusions. These results suggest that artificial selection for rapid cycling caused evolutionary changes in plant traits that influenced herbivore defense, indicating an important indirect effect of selection. However, the responses did not match predictions based on the idea of a trade-off between growth and defense, which challenges a fundamental assumption of plant defense theory.
An Efficient Modeling Approach for Probabilistic Assessments of Present-Day and Future Fluvial Flooding

Risk-informed flood risk management requires a comprehensive and quantitative risk assessment, which often demands multiple (thousands of) river and flood model simulations. Performing such a large number of model simulations is a challenge, especially for large, complex river systems (e.g., Mekong) due to the associated computational and resource demands. This article presents an efficient probabilistic modeling approach that combines a simplified 1D hydrodynamic model for the entire Mekong Delta with a detailed 1D/2D coupled model and demonstrates its application at Can Tho city in the Mekong Delta. Probabilistic flood-hazard maps, ranging from 0.5 to 100 year return period events, are obtained for the urban center of Can Tho city under different future scenarios taking into account the impact of climate change forcing (river flow, sea-level rise, storm surge) and land subsidence. Results obtained under present conditions show that more than 12% of the study area is inundated by the present-day 100 year return period of water level. Future projections show that, if the present rate of land subsidence continues, by 2050 (under both RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 climate scenarios), the 0.5 and 100 year return period flood extents will increase by around 15- and 8-fold, respectively, relative to the present-day flood extent. However, without land subsidence, the projected increases in the 0.5 and 100 year return period flood extents by 2050 (under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) are limited to between a doubling to tripling of the present-day flood extent. Therefore, adaptation measures that can reduce the rate of land subsidence (e.g., limiting groundwater extraction), would substantially mitigate future flood hazards in the study area. A combination of restricted groundwater extraction and the construction of a new and more efficient urban drainage network would facilitate even further reductions in the flood hazard. The projected 15-fold increase in flood extent projected by 2050 for the twice per year (0.5 year return period) flood event implies that the “do nothing” management approach is not a feasible option for Can Tho.
Pseudofrenelopsis fossils from Cretaceous gypsum beds in Guixi, Jiangxi Province, China and their geological significance

Compressed fossil plants were found in the gypsum beds of the Zhoujiadian Formation in Guixi City, Jiangxi Province, China. The cuticular features of two species of Pseudofrenelopsis (Cheirolepidiaceae) were examined by scanning electron microscopy in this study: Pseudofrenelopsis papillosa Cao ex Zhou and Pseudofrenelopsis guixiensis Bainian Sun et Dai, sp. nov. A detailed analysis of the internode epidermis, and the adaxial and abaxial leaf cuticles of the two species, was performed, extending our knowledge of the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the extinct Pseudofrenelopsis. A new species, Pseudofrenelopsis guixiensis sp. nov., is proposed based upon comparison of its cuticular features. It differs from previously published species in that it has hairs on the abaxial surfaces of its leaves, sometimes shares subsidiary cells on the surfaces of internodes, lacks a hypodermis, and has no papillae on its epidermal cells. Because the distribution of fossil Pseudofrenelopsis is restricted to the Lower Cretaceous, the Early Cretaceous age of the Zhoujiadian Formation is affirmed. The fossils of Pseudofrenelopsis show obvious xeromorphic characteristics, such as apparent thickening of the cuticles, subsidiary cells with obvious papillae, and anticlinal walls with strong cutinization, and they are found associated with gypsum beds and close to red beds. All of these features indicate an arid climate.
×Lindsaeosoria flynnii (Lindsaeaceae), Another Confirmed Example of Deep Hybridization Among the Ferns

Abstract The origin of ×Lindsaeosoria flynnii as an intergeneric hybrid between Lindsaea ensifolia and Odontosoria chinensis is here confirmed by molecular analysis of plastid data and Illumina high-throughput sequencing of the low-copy nuclear LEAFY gene. Plastid DNA grouped the hybrid together with Lindsaea ensifolia, suggesting that it is the maternal progenitor, while the presence of distinct LEAFY alleles confirmed the hybrid origin. Together with ×Cystocarpium this is confirmed example of deep hybridization event between fern lineages that were separated in the early Cenozoic or late Mesozoic.
On High-energy Particles in Accretion Disk Coronae of Supermassive Black Holes: Implications for MeV Gamma-rays and High-energy Neutrinos from AGN Cores

Recent observations with ALMA have revealed evidence for nonthermal synchrotron emission from the core regions of two nearby Seyfert galaxies. This suggests that the coronae of accretion disks in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) can be conducive to the acceleration of nonthermal electrons, in addition to the hot, thermal electrons responsible for their X-ray emission through thermal Comptonization. Here, we investigate the mechanism of such particle acceleration, based on observationally inferred parameters for AGN disk coronae. One possibility to account for the observed nonthermal electrons is diffusive shock acceleration, as long as the gyrofactor ηg does not exceed ∼106. These nonthermal electrons can generate gamma-rays via inverse Compton scattering of disk photons, which can appear in the MeV band, while those with energies above ∼100 MeV would be attenuated via internal γγ pair production. The integrated emission from all AGNs with thermal and nonthermal Comptonization can reproduce the observed cosmic background radiation in X-rays as well as gamma-rays up to ∼10 MeV. Furthermore, if protons are accelerated in the same conditions as electrons and ηg ∼ 30, our observationally motivated model is also able to account for the diffuse neutrino flux at energies below 100–300 TeV. The next generation of MeV gamma-ray and neutrino facilities can test these expectations by searching for signals from bright, nearby Seyfert galaxies such as NGC 4151 and IC 4329A.
Is systems research addressing the current and future needs of dairy farms

During the past decade, Australian and New Zealand dairy farmers have been increasingly exposed to volatility in milk prices, declining terms of trade, climate variability, changing regulation, and increasing consumer demand to demonstrate their 'social licence to farm'. In response to the varying challenges, it is not surprising that we see significant diversity in dairy-farm systems in Australia and New Zealand. Despite much research effort to address these challenges at both the component and farm-system level, the evidence of adoption and dairy farming-system change over the past 5 years has been inconclusive. The present review explores how farmers and systems research have been affected and are responding, and whether systems research is developing research in the appropriate direction, proactively researching dairy-farming systems that are resilient, profitable and sustainable into the future, notwithstanding the increased volatility that dairy farms are experiencing. While much farm systems research in Australia and New Zealand has addressed the challenges associated with improving productivity and profitability, and the known challenges such as climate variability and improving environmental outcomes, there is need to fore-sight future risk, challenges and opportunities for dairy systems. It is also important that the system researchers explore alternative approaches such as working collaboratively with the known system experts, the dairy farmer, in a participatory environment to increase rate of knowledge transfer and adoption of positive research outcome.
Lignin from Sugar Process as Natural Antimicrobial Agent

An increase in health awareness, emerging communicable disease, and an increasing of older population support the important of product with antimicrobial characteristic. Market research reported an increase in global revenue of antimicrobial product to reach $16 million by the end of 2020. Currently, trend of antimicrobial agent is moving toward organic material but more research and investigation is required before it can completely replace traditional material, metallic compound. Lignin is one of the major natural resource and by-product from industrial process that exhibit antimicrobial activity. Variation of plant source play significant role in antimicrobial activity due to its variation of basic compound of lignin. In Thailand, it is estimated that approximately 7.5 million ton is available for utilization, annually, from sugar industry alone. Diversity of lignin composition, its antimicrobial activity and large supply of the material that is waiting to be utilized provide great opportunity for utilization of lignin as antimicrobial agent.
Ecological Responses to Habitat Fragmentation Per Se

For this article, I reviewed empirical studies finding significant ecological responses to habitat fragmentation per se—in other words, significant responses to fragmentation independent of the effects of habitat amount (hereafter referred to as habitat fragmentation). I asked these two questions: Are most significant responses to habitat fragmentation negative or positive? And do particular attributes of species or landscapes lead to a predominance of negative or positive significant responses? I found 118 studies reporting 381 significant responses to habitat fragmentation independent of habitat amount. Of these responses, 76% were positive. Most significant fragmentation effects were positive, irrespective of how the authors controlled for habitat amount, the measure of fragmentation, the taxonomic group, the type of response variable, or the degree of specialization or conservation status of the species or species group. No support was found for predictions that most significant responses to fragmenta.
Insights into interspecies interactions, phenotypic profile and antimicrobial susceptibility in an artificial ventilator-associated pneumonia microbiome

s in conferences Grainha, Tânia; Rodrigues, M. Elisa; Lopes, Susana P.; Lourenço, Anália; Henriques, Mariana; Pereira, Maria Olívia; Insights into Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans consortia challenged by antimicrobials. Biofilms 7 Microbial Works of Art. No. P3: 76, Porto, Portugal, June 26-28, 2016. ISBN: 978-989-97478-7-6
Two-dimensional conducting layer on the 
SrTiO3
 surface induced by hydrogenation

We found that a surface state induced by hydrogenation on the surface of $\mathrm{SrTi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}(001)$ (STO) did not obey the rigid-band model, which was confirmed by in situ electrical resistivity measurements in ultrahigh vacuum. With exposure of atomic hydrogen on the STO, a surface state (H-induced donor state, HDS) appears within the bulk band gap (an in-gap state), which donates electrons thermally activated to the conduction band, resulting in downward bending of the bulk bands beneath the surface. The doped electrons flow through the space-charge layer in two-dimensional manner parallel to the surface. The observed semiconductor behavior in the temperature dependence of electronic conductivity is explained by the thermal activation of carriers. The HDS and the conduction band are nonrigid in energy position; they come closer with increasing the hydrogen adsorption. Eventually the HDS saturates its position around 60 meV below the conduction-band minimum. The sheet conductivity, accordingly, also saturates at $\ensuremath{\sim}1.0\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{S}\ensuremath{\square}$ with increasing hydrogen adsorption, corresponding to completion of the hydrogenation of the surface.
Intracellular antioxidant effect of vanillin, 4-methylguaiacol and 4-ethylguaiacol: three components in Chinese Baijiu

Vanillin, 4-methylguaiacol, and 4-ethylguaiacol, three bioactive components in Chinese Baijiu (Chinese liquor), were evaluated in terms of their possible antioxidant activities by DPPH, ABTS, ORAC, reducing power, metal chelation assays, and AAPH-induced HepG2 cell model. In in vitro chemical assays, vanillin, 4-methylguaiacol, and 4-ethylguaiacol exhibited stronger antioxidant activities than Trolox in ABTS, ORAC, and reducing power assays. Furthermore, three levels of treatment (1000, 500 and 10 mg L−1) of vanillin, 4-methylguaiacol, and 4-ethylguaiacol were assessed in the AAPH-induced HepG2 cell model. The results show that vanillin, 4-methylguaiacol, and 4-ethylguaiacol exerted similar antioxidant activities in a dose-dependent manner, and relieved the increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) quickly and efficiently; they also markedly improved AAPH-induced alterations in oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes, and were even more effective than Trolox. These findings indicate that vanillin, 4-methylguaiacol, and 4-ethylguaiacol are potent natural antioxidants in Chinese Baijiu, and this lays the foundation for better illustrating the health benefits of Chinese Baijiu.
Polymorphism of IL10RA (S159G) Associated with Late-Onset Ulcerative Colitis

Abstract Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of disorders distinguished as Crohn’s Disease (CD) and Ulcerative colitis (UC). The etiology is multi-factorial and numerous genes are involved in the pathogenesis of IBD; hence the genetic cause is only moderately understood. Interleukin-10, a candidate gene of UC is activated by binding of IL10RA and IL10RB. The objective of the study is to examine IL10RA polymorphism in two patients with late onset of UC with an increased risk for development of Colorectal Cancer (CRC). Case 1 is a 35-year old male presented with UC for past 6 months who underwent colonoscopy which showed inflammatory ulcers, inflammation and pseudopolyps. Case 2 is a 37-year old female undergoing UC treatment for past 6-7 years and the colonoscopy revealed pseudopolyps in colon and rectum. Genetic analysis was performed by PCR-RFLP which revealed polymorphism in IL10RA with an SNP S159G (A/G) in exon 4. When compared with previous reports, the present data deciphers that in Indian population IL10RA is a novel mutated gene in UC.
DETECTION OF FIVE VIRUS INFECTIONS IN THE LAYER FARM WITH RUNTING-STUNTING SYNDROME IN SUKABUMI AND TANGERANG USING POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION TECHNIQUE

The objective of this study was to identify the five different viral infections including avian influenza, Newcastle disease, avian reovirus, avian encephalomyelitis, and Marek’s disease in the runting-stunting syndrome outbreak in several commercial layer farms in Sukabumi and Tangerang in November 2014 using polymerase chain reaction technique. As results, this study identified mix infection of three viruses in the field samples, including Newcastle disease, reovirus, and avian encephalomyelitis; however, it was negative for avian influenza and Marek’s disease viruses. Subsequently, the inoculation of several samples into embryonated chicken eggs confirmed the growth of these three viruses. As a consequence, disease control management should be conducted in the affected farms by implementing effective biosecurity and vaccination program.
Protein Map Standardization of Human Saliva Using Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis (2-DE)

Over the past decade, the use of saliva as an auxiliary diagnostic tool for biomarker detection has gained considerable acceptance as a non-invasive, inexpensive alternative to conventional serum method. In proteomics, the most promising technique which can be used for detecting salivary biomarker with sufficient resolving power is two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) that provides a unique platform for the simultaneous separation of proteins in a complex mixture. However, as a fact most of the new scientists in developing countries are still facing problems with optimization of 2-DE techniques because the performance of optimization techniques in proteomics research using 2-DE has its own limitations. Therefore, the present study was established to generate a reproducible and optimized protocol to display the 2-DE protein map of human saliva. Our results showed the standard optimization of the 2-DE protein mapping was achieved at pH 3-10 with 60 μg proteins loading. This protocol could be used by other scientists along with identification of differentially expressed proteins by mass spectrometry when 2-DE protein map of patients saliva are compared to that of normal healthy individuals. These differentially expressed proteins could be later used as specific and sensitive biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of the disease in question. In conclusion, the procedure used in our study generated a highly reproducible and optimized reference 2-DE protein mapping of human saliva.
Implications for cardiovascular function, disease and therapy

There are at least three well-defined signalling cascades engaged directly in the physiological regulation of cardiac circulatory function: the b1-adrenoceptors that control the cardiac contractile apparatus,the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system involved in regulating blood pressure and the natriuretic peptides contributing at least to the factors determining circulating volume. Apart from these pathways, other cardiac receptor systems,particularly the a1-adrenoceptors,adenosine,endothelin and opioid receptors,whose physiological role may not be immediately evident,are also important with respect to regulating cardiovascular function especially in disease. These and the majority of other cardiovascular receptors identified to date belong to the guanine nucleotide binding (G) protein-coupled receptor families that mediate signalling by coupling primarily to three G proteins,the stimulatory (G s),inhibitory (G i )a nd G q/11 proteins to stimulate the adenylate cyclases and phospholipases,activating a small but diverse subset of effectors and ion channels. These receptor pathways are engaged in crosstalk utilizing second messengers and protein kinases as checkpoints and hubs for diverting,converging,sieving and directing the G protein-mediated messages resulting in different signalling products. Besides,the heart itself is endowed with the means to harmonize these signalling mechanisms and to fend off potentially fatal consequences of functional loss of the essential signalling pathways via compensatory reserve pathways,or by inducing some adaptive mechanisms to be turned on,if and when required. This receptor crosstalk constitutes the underlying basis for sustaining a coherently functional circulatory entity comprising mechanisms controlling the contractile apparatus,blood pressure and circulating volume,both in normal physiology and in disease.