Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A foundation for general-purpose natural language generation: sentence realization using probabilistic models of language

Natural language generation (NLG) is the task of formulating a fluent sequence of words in natural language to communicate information or ideas in applications like machine translation, human-computer dialogue, automatic summarization, and question-answering. Realization, a fundamental subtask of NLG, produces an individual sentence from a sentence plan specified in terms of linguistic relations between words and/or concepts. It involves determining the order of words, inserting function words like determiners and prepositions, performing morphological inflections, and ensuring grammaticality and agreement. An ultimate goal for natural language generation is to develop a large-scale, robust, general-purpose system. Two primary challenges are scaling up to broad coverage of syntax and producing high quality output. The irregularity of natural language makes it difficult to know how to combine linguistic primitives into fluent sentences. Also, the knowledge resources for making such a determination are time-consuming and labor-intensive to assemble, leading to a knowledge acquisition bottleneck. Evaluating whether a realizer performed appropriately is an additional challenge. There can often be more than one acceptable output, and no tools exist that can automatically assess grammaticality or fluency. This thesis takes an approach of using probabilistic models learned from text corpora to rank candidate sentences and output the most likely. It contributes (1) a symbolic mapping rule formalism and ruleset for mapping inputs to candidate outputs that achieves broad coverage through greater regularity, (2) a packed forest representation and efficient ranking algorithm that can manage the combinatorial growth in output candidates, and (3) an empirical evaluation of coverage, correctness, and the ability to handle underspecification. This evaluation is the first large-scale empirical evaluation of coverage and quality ever performed for sentence realization. The empirical evaluation is performed by automatically converting a set of 2400 hand-parsed sentences from the Penn Treebank corpus into system inputs, and then regenerating them using the system. The top-ranked output of the generator is compared to the original sentence. The results show better than 80% coverage of newspaper text and 94% precision (57% are exact matches) for almost fully-specified inputs, and the same coverage with 55% precision for minimally specified inputs.
Delen in macht en onmacht: kindparticipatie in de alledaagse diabeteszorg

Delen in macht en onmacht biedt inzicht in het alledaagse leven van kinderen met diabetes en in de machts- en afhankelijkheidsrelaties tussen kinderen, ouders en behandelaars. Het kernargument is dat kinderen deel uitmaken van praktijken, ook van die praktijken waarin hun perspectieven, kennis en ervaring niet actief worden verwelkomd en (h)erkend. Mede door kinderen met diabetes in het onderzoek zelf te betrekken is diepgaand inzicht verkregen in: de leefwereld en competenties van kinderen, de mate waarin kinderen en volwassenen met elkaar kunnen samenwerken en wat een goede samenwerking in de diabeteszorg in de weg staat. Bovendien heeft het participatieve traject de meerwaarde van kindparticipatie zichtbaar gemaakt voor de diabeteszorg en voor gezondheidsvoorlichting aan kinderen.
Computer vision methods for registration: mixing 3D knowledge and 2D correspondences for accurate image composition

We focus in this paper on the problem of adding computer-generated objects in video sequences. A two-stage robust statistical method is used for computing the pose from model-image correspondences of tracked curves. This method is able to give a correct estimate of the pose even when tracking errors occur. However, if we want to add virtual objects in a scene area which does not contain (or contains few) model features, the reprojection error in this area is likely to be large. In order to improve the accuracy of the viewpoint, we use 2D keypoints that can be easily matched in two consecutive images. As the relationship between two matched points is a function of the camera motion, the viewpoint can be improved by minimizing a cost function which encompasses the reprojection error as well as the matching error between two frames. The reliability of the system is shown on an encrustation of a virtual car in a sequence of the Stanislas square.
Better living with xlinkit

We have worked extensively in the area of consistency checking of distributed XML documents [3, 4, 2, 1] and have produced a formal language for specifying consistency rules between distributed documents. We have also devised a method for evaluating this language in order to obtain a set of hyperlinks. These consistency links show which elements in documents are consistent or inconsistent with respect to a rule.
A taxonomy of computer attacks with applications to wireless networks

The majority of attacks made upon modern computers have been successful due to the exploitation of the same errors and weaknesses that have plagued computer systems for the last thirty years. Because the industry has not learned from these mistakes, new protocols and systems are not designed with the aspect of security in mind; and security that is present is typically added as an afterthought. What makes these systems so vulnerable is that the security design process is based upon assumptions that have been made in the past; assumptions which now have become obsolete or irrelevant. In addition, fundamental errors in the design and implementation of systems repeatedly occur, which lead to failures. This research presents a comprehensive analysis of the types of attacks that are being leveled upon computer systems and the construction of a general taxonomy and methodologies that will facilitate design of secure protocols. To develop a comprehensive taxonomy, existing lists, charts, and taxonomies of host and network attacks published over the last thirty years are examined and combined, revealing common denominators among them. These common denominators, as well as new information, are assimilated to produce a broadly applicable, simpler, and more complete taxonomy. It is shown that all computer attacks can be broken into a taxonomy consisting of improper conditions: Vbalidation Ebxposure Rbandomness Dbeallocation Ibmproper Cbonditions Tbaxonomy; hence described by the acronym VERDICT. The developed methodologies are applicable to both wired and wireless systems, and they are applied to some existing Internet attacks to show how they can be classified under VERDICT. The methodologies are applied to the IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network protocol and numerous vulnerabilities are found. Finally, an extensive annotated bibliography is included.
AVATAR -- Adaptive Visualization Aid for Touring And Recovery

This document provides a report on the initial development of software which uses a standard visualization tool to determine, label and display salient regions in large 3D physics simulation datasets. This software uses parallel pattern recognition behind the scenes to handle the huge volume of data. This software is called AVATAR (Adaptive Visualization Aid for Touring and Recovery). It integrates approaches to gathering labeled training data, learning from large training sets utilizing parallelism and the final display of salient data in unseen visualization data sets. The paper uses vorticity fields for a large-eddy simulation to illustrate the method.
PENGARUH MENONTON ACARA BERBAHASA INGGRIS, LINGKUNGAN TEMPAT TINGGAL, DAN DUKUNGAN ORANG TUA TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR BAHASA INGGRIS SISWA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengaruh menonton tayangan televisi berbahasa Inggris terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas VIII SMP/MTs di Kecamatan Satui. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode ex post facto. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) dan sederajat di Kecamatan Satui yang terdiri atas 671 siswa. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah simple proportional random sampling . Temuan penelitian adalah sebagai berikut. (1) Terdapat pengaruh yang positif menonton tayangan televisi berbahasa Inggris terhadap hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris siswa dengan nilai F regresi sebesar 17,154 dan signifikasi 0,000 ( p < 0,05). (2) Terdapat pengaruh positif lingkungan tempat tinggal terhadap hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris siswa dengan nilai F regresi sebesar 19,331 dan signifikansi 0,000 ( p < 0,05). (3) Terdapat pengaruh positif dukungan orang tua terhadap hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris siswa dengan nilai F regresi sebesar 24,651 dan signifikansi 0,000 ( p < 0,05). (4) Terdapat pengaruh positif menonton tayangan televisi berbahasa Inggris, lingkungan tempat tinggal, dan dukungan orang tua terhadap hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris siswa secara bersama-sama dengan nilai F regresi sebesar 12,606 dan signifikansi pada 0,000 (p < 0,05). Kata kunci : tayangan televisi berbahasa Inggris, lingkungan tempat tinggal, dukungan orang tua, hasil belajar
A Parallel Simulation of Traffic

A traffic congestion simulator of particles in a 2-dimensional plane is presented. The simulation consists of particles (cars) that move freely in space according to their velocity. They are initialized with a distribution of velocities. When an area of the plane becomes congested, the cars in that area slow down, aggravating the congestion. This corresponds to a traffic jam: when too many cars are in one space they move more slowly. Congested areas can lead to load imbalances across the processors performing the simulation. The nature of these imbalances is analyzed, and a simple load-balancing scheme for this problem is presented. Finally, possible future improvements to the simulator and load-balancer designs are suggested.
Enabling Sophisticated Financial Text Mining

INTRODUCTION A popular theory is that financial markets are efficient: all available information is factored into the price of an asset [1]. Academics, commercial researchers, and investors devote considerable time analysing markets with the hope of improving efficiency and/or exploiting inefficiencies for profit. The sheer volume of real time information makes it difficult for an individual to keep abreast of all information related to an asset, and impossible to keep abreast of all information related to all available assets [2]. Information commonly used to analyse market efficiency can be broadly categorised as numerical or textual. Trading data (e.g., the time series of a share price), is numerical information that is commonly used to analyse market efficiency, and consumed by algorithmic trading models so a computer can automatically trade when certain conditions are met. News, such as macroeconomic and company announcements, are sources of textual information that can have significant impact on the price of an asset [3]. Recent years has seen increasing interest in the role of news in financial markets [4-7]. The increase in the availability of significant datasets of news, and advances in text mining technologies have helped drive this research. The future is bright for financial text mining, though there are several obstacles which must be overcome to promote research in this field. In this paper we describe common data sources, research strategies in this domain, and address some of the ways we are overcoming obstacles in this field.
Methods to Support End User Design of Arrangement-Level Musical Decision Making

This thesis is concerned with the study of methods and models to support the design of systems that perform music autonomously, by non-programming end users (typically musicians who are not proficient in conventional computer programming). Specifically, we address the design of the central decision making component of such systems. This component typically makes musical decisions on the time scale of a few seconds and we refer to it as a musical agent. We use the term arrangement-level musical decision making to refer to the activity performed by a musical agent. We develop and characterise three separate methods for supporting the design of musical agents by non-programming end users. The first is to use the partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) which is an elegant model of the interaction between an agent and its environment. We show its potential for designing the responses of a musical agent to particular stimuli. For example, we demonstrate how, simply by adjusting the parameters of the model, an agent’s behaviour can be varied between ‘cautious’ and ‘risk-taking’, when there is uncertainty about a musical situation. However, we identify significant challenges with regard to the use of POMDPs more generally for designing musical agents. Specifically, it is unclear what representations of musical information should be used and how to design the reward function, which is an important parameter of the model. The second method is based on the paradigm of programming by example. We introduce the similarity-based musical agent which uses a novel instance-based machine learning algorithm to learn the style in a database of example performances. While the similarity-based musical agent shows good potential for emulating a
Web 2.0, personal learning environments and the future of learning management systems

This ECAR research bulletin details the arguments emerging in the blogosphere and elsewhere both for and against the learning management system. It examines whether the LMS is destined to continue as the primary means of organizing the online learning experience for university students. The bulletin is a companion to an earlier ECAR research bulletin that examines the factors leading to the selection of the open source learning management system at the Open University in the United Kingdom.
Improving Responsiveness for Wide-Area Data Access.

Improving Resp onsiveness for WideArea Data AccessLaurent AmsalegPhilipp e BonnetMichael J FranklinINRIABullUniversity of MarylandAnthonyTomasicTolga UrhanINRIAUniversity of MarylandAbstractIn a widearea environment the time rquird to obtain data from remote sources can varyunpredictably due to network congestion link failure or other problems Traditional techniquesfor query optimization and query execution do not cope wel l with such unpredictabilityThestatic nature of those techniques prevents them from adapting to remote access delays that ariseat runtime In this paper we describe two separate but relatedtechniques aimed at tackling thisproblem The rst technique cal led Query Scrambling hides relatively short intermittent delaysby dynamical ly adjusting query execution plans onthey The second technique addresses thelongerterm unavailability of data sources by al lowing the return of partial query answers whensome of the data needed to ful ly answer a query are missingIntro ductionThe continued dramatic growth in global interconnectivity via the Internet has made aroundtheclo ckondemand access to widelydistribu ted data a common exp ectation for many computer users Advances in resource discoery heterogeneous data management and semistructured data managementare providingsemanticto ols to enable the access and correlation of data from diverse widelydistributedsources A limiting factor of suchwork however is the diculty of providing resp onsive data access tousers due to the highly varying resp onsetime and availabilitycharacteristics of remote data sources ina widearea environment Data access over widearea networks inolves a large numb er of data sourcesintermediate sites and communications links all of which are vulnerable to congestion and failuresSuch problems can intro duce signicant and unpredictabledelaysin the access of information fromremote sourcesCurrent distributed query pro cessing approaches p erform p o orly in the widearea environmentThey p ermit unexp ected delays to directly increase the query resp onse time allowing query executionCopyright IEEE Personal use of this material is permitted However permission to reprintrepublish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new col lective works for resale or rdistribution to serversor lists or to reuse any copyrightedcomponent of this work in other works must be obtainedfrom the IEEEBulletin of the IEEE Computer So cietyTechnical Committee on Data EngineeringThis work was partially supp orted by the NSF under Grant IRI by Bellcore and by an IBM SharedUniversity Researchaward Laurent Amsaleg did this work while he was at the Univy of Maryland and was supp ortedin part by an INRIA Fellowship Philipp e Bonnet and AnthonyTomasic p erformed this work in the context of Dyadean RD jointventure b etween Bull and INRIA
I contenuti tipici dei sogni. Una ricerca su sogni e narrative diurne di adolescenti e giovani adulti.

La ricerca si propone di individuare i contenuti tipici dei sogni di adolescenti e giovani adulti, confrontandoli con narrazioni di episodi diurni. Metodo. A 500 femmine e 500 maschi adolescenti e giovani adulti e stato chiesto di scrivere un sogno e un episodio diurno recente della loro vita, con il metodo del “sogno piu recente” (Hartmann, Elkin e Garg, 1991). I sogni e gli episodi sono stati codificati utilizzando una griglia costruita sulla base di elenchi di sogni tipici presenti in letteratura (Maggiolini, Cagnin, Crippa, Persico e Rizzi, 2010). Risultati. I sogni sono principalmente caratterizzati da attacchi, disorientamenti spaziali, da contenuti legati a vissuti gravitazionali e da sensazioni di impedimento fisico, mentre le relazioni di amicizia sono piu frequenti negli episodi. I contenuti sessuali crescono con l’eta, mentre quelli aggressivi diminuiscono. Le femmine sono piu concentrate sulle relazioni interpersonali (amicizia, sessualita, accudimento), mentre i maschi sono piu coinvolti in situazioni che richiedono la messa alla prova di abilita, anche fisiche. Conclusioni. La ricerca, individuando empiricamente i contenuti tipici dei sogni e la loro evoluzione, ne conferma la frequenza e consente di differenziare elementi di continuita e discontinuita tra contenuti notturni e diurni.
Object Specification and Testing using VTL

A scalable, hybrid approach is described for verifying and testing object-oriented systems, which combines the benefits of algebraic methods for specifying global and historical system behaviour and state-based test sequence generation for guaranteeing that any implementation conforms to the specification. A formal object design language, VTL, sits under a family of related design, model-checking and testing tools, which both generate and use VTL. The language captures both specification-related information for model-checking (verification) and test-sequence information for testing purposes. VTL may be handled implicitly by tools, or inspected by formally trained engineers. Since VTL descriptions are amenable to automatic checking for consistency and completeness, design tools may exploit this and give strong guidance to inexperienced engineers. An example of developing a complete functional specification is given, which is used to generate test-suites that can guarantee the correctness of the implementation. Issues of scalability are related to design for verification and test.
Archaeological Science Under a Microscope: Studies in Residue and Ancient DNA Analysis in Honour of Thomas H. Loy

This research provides insight into activities at two adjoining Aboriginal rockshelters in the Central Highlands in western Queensland, Native Well I and Native Well II. The study involved a residue and use-wear analysis of the backed artefact component of the stone assemblage. Prior to this, interpretation of the sites essentially relied on evidence of changes in stone technology over time, sequential and spatial patterning of artefacts and ethnographic analogy. This analysis revealed a range of activities occurring during the mid-to-late Holocene. Backed artefacts were used as knives, scrapers and/or incisors for wood-working and bone-working, as well as knives and scrapers for plant processing, including cooked starchy plants. Artefacts with ochre and feather residues may have been used for ceremonial purposes, while distribution of resin indicates more than half the artefacts had been hafted.
The comprehension of sentences containing temporal connectives

This thesis brings together ideas from psychology (particularly the work of Sever and Townsend 1979) and from linguistics (particularly the work of Partee, 1983 and Moens and Steedman 1986) about the nature of temporal representation, especially with regard to the effect of different temporal connectives on language processing. Experiments in the second chapter looked at memory for temporal information and order and results indicated that information about temporal order is less well remembered that information about spatial order. The third chapter examines the role of before as introducing sentences that can be either factive or non-facrive and concluded mat there is no clear divide between these two types of sentence, the difference depends on knowledge of regularities in the world, and it is only with clearly non-factive before sentences that readers have definite expectations . about factivity. This theme is continued in the fourth chapter which looks at SALIENCE, by examining continuations from sentences with temporal connectives and notes that a tendency to continue text from the main clause is modified by an effect of continuing from the las: occurring event, irrespective of order in the text. The fifth chapter examines the effect of context for sentence processing and concludes that context consistent with the main clause of a sentence is preferred. It also shows that similar processes are involved in building up a model containing temporal information to those involved in building a model of a spatial array. The last experiment demonstrates that lack of a clear temporal referent disrupts language processing in the same way as lack of a clear antecedent for a pronoun does. The results are discussed in terms of a possible model for representation which would include events being represented in a form similar to a "nucleus".
The effect of distributed computing technology on wide area network capacity requirements

This report identifies a need to increase wide area network capacity by as much as three orders of magnitude over the next ten years. These increases are necessary to support new distributed computing products. Such products increase productivity, but are currently available only on local area networks. There is no technical reason for limiting these products to tightly constrained geographical areas, however. They can operate perfectly well over any terrestrial distance provided sufficient bandwidth is available. Such bandwidth is available today with fiber optics. To quantify capacity requirements, network traffic generated by this newer technology is compared with traditional traffic in a local network environment. An extrapolation to wide area networks is made. Speculation about the long term future of distributed computing technology and its effect on network capacity requirements is offered. It is argued that an increase of network capacity by one order of magnitude is sufficient to accommodate new distributed computing technology on existing wide area networks. Two orders of magnitude are needed to accommodate a fully integrated distributed system such as interactive graphics. Three orders of magnitude are needed to accommodate increases in hardware speed anticipated in the next five to ten years. Availability of highly integrated, more » nationwide distributed computing service would significantly increase the competitive edge of the United States in science and computing. « less