Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oxidation and apoptosis are induced by CLA-t10c12 similar to DHA in 3T3 adipocyte cells

Background: Commercial conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) dietary supplements contain an equal mixture of the C18:2 isomers, cis-9trans-11 and trans-10cis-12. Predominantly, CLAc9t11 occurs naturally in meat and dairy products at ~ 0.5% of total fat , whereas CLAt10c12 occurs at > 0.1%. Recent studies show that CLA-c9t11 generally promotes lipid accumulation but CLA-t10c12 may inhibit lipid accumulation and may also promote inflammation. The omega-3 fatty acids α-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have also been observed to inhibit lipid accumulation and effect inflammation; therefore we examined the effects of the two main isomers of CLA and omega -3 fatty acids C18:3n-3 and DHA at the molecular level to determine if they are causing similar oxidative stresses. Methods: Purified CLA-c9t11 and CLA-t10c12 were added to 3T3 cells induced into mature adipocyte cultures at 100uM concentrations and compared with 100uM C18:3n-3 (α-linolenic acid) and 50uM docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to observe their effect on growth, gene transcription and general oxidation. The results of multiple separate trials were averaged and compared for significance at levels of P < 0.05, using one way ANOVA and Student’s t-test. Results: C18:3n-3, DHA and CLA-t10c12 inhibited 3T3 adipose cell growth and caused a significant increase in lipid hydro peroxide activity. CLA-t10c12 and c9t11 increased AFABP, FAS and ACOX1 mRNA gene expression but DHA and C18:3n-3 decreased the same mRNAs. CLA-c9t11 but not the t10c12 stimulated adipoQ expression even though; CLA-c9t11 had only a slightly greater affinity for PPARγ than CLAt10c12, according to TR-FRET assays. The expression of the xenobiotic metabolism genes, aldo-keto reductase Functional Foods in Health and Disease, 2017; 7(2):149-167 Page 150 of 167 1c1 (akr1c1), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and inflammation chemokine secretions of eotaxin (CCL11), Rantes (CCL5), MIG (CCL9) and MCP-1 were increased by DHA, C18:3n3 and CLA-t10c12 but not CLA-c9t11. This correlated with an increase in apoptosis factors, caspase 3, Bcl-2 and BAXs. Apoptosis factors were partially reduced by co-treatment with lipophilic anti-oxidant α-tocopherol. Conclusions: CLA-t10c12 stimulated the production of more reactive oxygen species (ROS) than CLA-c9t11. In response, cascades of genes are activated in detoxification, inflammation or apoptosis, to deal with the potentially damaging effects of ROS including CCL5 and MCP1. This was similar to treatment with the omega3 fatty acids but the fat metabolic enzymes were generally inhibited by C18:3n-3 and DHA except CLA-t10c12 which did not stimulate adipoQ.
DARE

Power consumption and reliability of memory components are two of the most important hurdles in realizing exascale systems. Dynamic random access memory (DRAM) scaling projections predict significant performance and power penalty due to the conventional use of pessimistic refresh periods catering for worst-case cell retention times. Recent approaches relax those pessimistic refresh rates only on ``strong'' cells, or build on application-specific error resilience for data placement. However, these approaches cannot reveal the full potential of a relaxed refresh paradigm shift, since they neglect additional application resilience properties related to the inherent functioning of DRAM. In this article, we elevate Refresh-by-Access as a first-class property of application resilience. We develop a complete, non-intrusive system stack, armed with low-cost Data-Access Aware Refresh (DARE) methods, to facilitate aggressive refresh relaxation and ensure non-disruptive operation on commodity servers. Essentially, our proposed access-aware scheduling of application tasks intelligently amplifies the impact of the implicit refresh of memory accesses, extending the period during which hardware refresh remains disabled, while limiting the number of potential errors, hence their impact on an application's output quality. The stack, implemented on an off-the-shelf server and running a full-fledged Linux OS, captures for the first time the intricate time-dependent system and data interactions in the presence of hardware errors, in contrast to previous architectural simulations approaches of limited detail. Results demonstrate that by applying DARE, it is possible to completely disable hardware refresh, with minor quality loss that ranges from 2% to 18%.
Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymers Based on Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) and Poly(1,3-trimethylene carbonate): Synthesis and Micellar Characteristics

Amphiphilic diblock copolymers with various block compositions were synthesized on the basis of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOz) as a hydrophilic block and poly(1,3-trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) as a hydrophobic block. Their aqueous solutions were characterized using fluorescence techniques and dynamic light scattering. The block copolymers formed micelles with critical micelle concentrations (cmc's) in the range 2.8−25 mg/L in an aqueous phase. As the length of the hydrophobic PTMC block became longer, lower cmc values were generated. The mean diameters of the micelles were in the range 199−210 nm, with a narrow distribution. The partition equilibrium constants (Kv) of pyrene in the micellar solutions of the block copolymers were 0.91 × 105−1.61 × 105. The Kv value increased as the length of the hydrophobic block increased. The steady-state fluorescence anisotropy values (r) of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) in PEtOz−PTMC solutions were 0.292−0.302. The anisotropy values were not significantly inf.
Analysis of the Impact of the Number of Edges in Connected Graphs on the Time Complexity of an Independent Set Problem

Under study is the complexity status of the independent set problem in a class of connected graphs that are defined by functional constraints on the number of edges depending on the number of vertices. For every natural number C, this problem is shown to be polynomially solvable in the class of graphs 1 ( n=1 {G : |V (G)| = n, |E(G)| � n + C(log2(n))}. On the other hand, this problem is proved not polynomially solvable in the class of graphs 1 ( n=1 {G : |V (G)| = n, |E(G)| � n + f 2 (n)}
Financial Constraints and Investment-Evidence from U . S . Companies Corresponding

Using data for U.S. companies this study tests if imperfect information and agency problems are present in financial markets and if investment is affected by finance in the ways predicted by pecking-order theory. The traditionally used cash flow ratio is augmented by indicators for the accessibility (or costs) of credit and equity issues. While related studies only test one pecking-order hypotheses this methodology allows to discriminate between multiple theorems derived from the theory. This makes an analysis and evaluation of different individual agency problems possible which are all part of the pecking-order model. A two-step systemGMM estimator is used in a dynamic panel data model. One finding is that agency conflicts associated with issuing debt and new equity impede investment. Access to internal finance and risk free debt have positive effects especially when firms lack investment grade debt ratings. Small firms rely more on equity finance and less on internal cash flow or credit. This is interpreted as evidence for agency problems effecting investment and for structural constraints amplifying these negative effects. On the other hand it turns out that cyclical financial constraints do not effect agency problems systematically. Policy should thus rather focus on structural instead of cyclical constraints when addressing information and agency problems on financial markets to support investment and economic growth. (JEL G31, G32)
Literature Review on New Generation Cooperative Enterprise Architecture

Cooperative is a legally incorporated business organization, that built collectively by their member, and aim to fulfill their needs. New version of Cooperative is called New Generation Cooperative (NGC) that has characters as: NGC may issue shares, individuals may hold higher levels of equity through purchase of share, and membership may be limited to shareholders. Enterprise Architecture is the comprehensive conceptual design or blueprint of company and organization, which describes itâ€™s the structures, function, and operations. The purpose of the research is to design the Enterprise Architecture for NGC. This NGC can be started as a low cost enterprise by implementing Open Business Model. The Open Business approach places value on transparency, stakeholder inclusion, and accountability. This research shall purpose the Technology part of Strategic Management, which can relate New Generation Cooperative Enterprise Architecture as new category for Open Business Model.
Stimulation of Gastroduodenal HCO3- Secretion by Lubiprostone in Rats Mediated by Different EP Receptor Subtypes

We examined the stimulatory effects of lubiprostone, a bicyclic fatty acid derived from prostaglandin E1 and a Chloride Channel type-2 opener (ClC-2), on HCO3 - secretion in the rat stomach and duodenum, with a focus on the EP receptor subtypes involved in this action. Under urethane anesthesia, an exvivo chambered stomach or a duodenal loop was perfused with saline, and HCO3 - secretion was measured at pH 7.0 using a pH stat-method. Lubiprostone (0.1-30 µM) was perfused in the chamber or loop for 10 min. Indomethacin, ONO-8711 (an EP1 antagonist), or AE5-599 (an EP3 antagonist) was given s.c. 1 h before the lubiprostone treatment, while AE3-208 (an EP4 antagonist) or CFTRinh172 (a CFTR inhibitor) was given i.p. 30 min before. Lubiprostone dose-dependently and significantly increased HCO3 - secretion in both the stomach (≥10 µM) and duodenum (≥1 µM). The stimulatory effect in the stomach was significantly abrogated by a pretreatment with the EP1 antagonist, but not the EP3/EP4 antagonists or CFTR inhibitor, while that in the duodenum was significantly attenuated by the EP3/EP4 antagonists as well as the CFTR inhibitor. Indomethacin had no effect on the response of either tissue to lubiprostone. These results suggest that lubiprostone stimulated HCO3 - secretion in the stomach and duodenum in a manner that was mediated by different EP receptor subtypes; the former was mediated by EP1 receptors while the latter was mediated by both EP3 and EP4 receptors. CFTR/ClC-2 may be involved in the response observed in the duodenum, but not in the stomach.
Fear of Floating: Korea's Exchange Rate Policy after the Crisis☆

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explore the question of whether a free floating exchange rate regime is a viable option for Korea. This paper divides the sample period into three subperiods: pre-crisis, crisis, and post-crisis. We then analyze the causal relationships among both levels and volatility of three financial variables: exchange rates, interest rates, and stock prices. By using Granger causality tests and variance decomposition, our empirical results show that causal relations among the three variables are weak during the post-crisis period, and furthermore, shocks in other financial markets do not have a significant contribution to explain the variations of each variable's forecast errors. Based on these empirical findings, we infer that the Korean government, having adopted the de jure freely floating exchange rate regime, is still fearful of floating for various reasons. J. Japan. Int. Econ., June 2001, 15(2), pp. 225–251. Department of Economics, Korea University, Seoul, Korea; Korea Institute for International Economic Policy, Seoul, Korea. Copyright 2001 Academic Press. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: F3, F4.
A Comparison of the Chemical Composition of Pasture Grass with a Mixed Concentrate

It has been the purpose of this investigation to ascertain whether or not on a dry matter basis a mixed pasture grass in the vegetative state, fertilized or unfertilized, is comparable from the standpoint of chemical composition with a mixed nitrogenous concentrate such as is fed to dairy cattle in New England. The investigation has been confined to chemical studies but has gone beyond the scope of the ordinary fodder analysis by resolving some of the major proximate constituents into distinct groups, in order to give more reliable criteria from which to judge the nutritive value of the feeds as revealed by chemical analysis. Interest has centered principally on the nature of the crude fiber, and the crude protein. The chief aim has been to determine the extent to which lignification has taken place, and in what forms the crude protein exists. I t is generally agreed upon among investigators that the protein content of pasture grass (1, 2, 3, 4) can be increased, and the crude fiber (2, 3, 4) and total dry matter (4, 5) decreased by a system of frequent clippings. The effect of fertilizers in general is to increase the protein (6, 7), and to decrease the crude fiber (6, 8, 9). I f it can be shown that grasses may be substituted for concentrates in the rations of dairy cows it might result, through the development of better and more permanent pastures, in cheaper feed for the New England dairyman.
Comparative Performance Evaluation of Orthogonal-Signal-Generators-Based Single- Phase PLL Algorithms

The orthogonal signal generator based phase-locked loops (OSG-PLLs) are among the most popular single-phase PLLs within the areas of power electronics and power systems, mainly because they are often easy to be implement and offer a robust performance against the grid disturbances. The main aim of this paper is to present a survey of the comparative performance evaluation among the state-of-the-art OSG-PLLs (include Delay-PLL, Deri-PLL, Park-PLL, SOGI-PLL, DOEC-PLL, VTD-PLL, CCF-PLL, and TPFA-PLL) under different grid disturbances such as voltage sags, phase and frequency jumps, and in the presence of dc offset, harmonic components, and white noise in their input. This analysis provides a useful insight about the advantages and disadvantages of these PLLs. The performance enhancement of Delay-PLL, Deri-PLL, and CCF-PLL by including a moving average (MAF) filter into their structure is another goal of this paper.
Evaluation of TiN/Cu Gate Metal Scheme for AlGaN/GaN High-Electron-Mobility Transistor Application

The TiN/Cu metal scheme as gate metal for AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) is investigated. The copper-gated devices show comparable DC characteristics to the conventional Ni/Au-gated devices. No obvious of changes in IDS and IGS were observed for the device after being stressed at VDS=200 and VGS=-5 V for 32 h. The thermal stability test indicates comparable Schottky barrier height for the TiN/Cu gate metal on GaN before and after 250 °C annealing for 1 h. Overall, the AlGaN/GaN HEMT with the TiN/Cu gate metal structure demonstrates excellent device DC characteristics, good thermal stability, and stable performance after a high-voltage stress test.
Effects of Hurricane Georges on the Resident Avifauna of Maricao State Forest, Puerto Rico

Hurricane Georges crossed the island of Puerto Rico on 21-22 September 1998. Maricao State Forest, a montane reserve in southwestern Puerto Rico, was struck by Georges after being spared by hurri- canes since 1932. I documented the changes in relative abundance of Maricao resident bird species caused by the impact of the hurricane by comparing baseline mist netting capture rates with data 33 days after the hurricane, and point counts records with data up to 22 months after Georges. Total capture rates increased after the storm (26.8 individuals/net hr pre-hurricane vs. 57.9 individuals/net hr post-hurricane). Capture rates classified according to foraging guilds did not differ, but showed significant increases according to foraging level (canopy vs. understory). Increases in capture rates were related to the displacement of birds into lower forest strata after canopy loss. While most species recorded in point counts declined after Georges (16/21), only the relative abundance of six species differed significantly among years. Just one species (Elfin Woods Warbler, Dendroica angelae) recovered by the end of the study. Two species were not observed after the hurricane, including one of the five most abundant (Ruddy Quail-Dove, Geotrygon montana) and a new species was observed in the study area after the hurricane (White-winged Dove, Zenaida asiatica). Only the population of the Gray Kingbird (Tyrannus dominicensis) remained unchanged throughout the study. Results demonstrated that even common species in montane habitats can be highly susceptible to hurricanes, and thus, long-term monitoring of avian communities at different elevations is needed to understand the effects.
Lungenmetastasen: Die Rolle der Thoraxchirurgie

Surgical Treatment of Pulmonary Metastases. Lung metastases occur in 30 % of patients with malignant tumors of other primary localisation. Surgical resection of pulmonary metastases is a potentially curative therapeutic option with predictable clinical results and has become an accepted modality for different primary tumor entities. The combination of an effective chemotherapy with surgery currently represents the recommended oncological approach for this cohort of patients. As the optimal treatment of pulmonary metastases still is controversial, an individual therapeutic concept should be tailored in interdisciplinary boards. Interdisz Onkol 2013; 2 (1): 47–52.
Assessment of genetic diversity and estimation of genetic parameters for remobilization related traits of wheat under drought conditions

In order to evaluate genetic variability and estimation of remobilization related traits in wheat using biometrical genetic techniques an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete blocks design with three replicates under post-anthesis drought stress conditions in the Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran during 2011-2012 cropping season. The results of analysis of variance showed significant differences between the genotypes for all studied traits except current photosynthesis (CP) and current photosynthesis share into kernel yield (CPSKY). High genetic gain and broad sense heritability estimates were observed for penultimate remobilization share into kernel yield (PenRSKY) and internodes remobilization share into kernel yield (IRSKY) indicating high genetic potential, low effect of environment and predominant role of additive gene effect on their expression. Spike dry matter remobilization (SDMR), spike dry matter remobilization efficiency (SDMRE) and spike remobilization share into kernel yield (SRSKY) exhibited the highest phenotypic and genetic positive correlation with kernel yield (KY). Moreover, the highest genotypic and phenotypic covariance was observed between kernel yield (KY) and SDMR, CP, SDMRE and SRSKY, respectively. The highest environmental covariance was identified between kernel yield (KY), peduncle dry matter remobilization (PedDMR) and penultimate dry matter remobilization (PenDMR), respectively. High co-heritability was detected between SDMRE and PedDMR, PedDMRE and PenDMR and between peduncle remobilization share into kernel yield (PedRSKY) and internodes dry matter remobilization efficiency (IDMRE), suggesting that selection of either of the traits would simultaneously affect the others, positively.
Radio jet emission from GeV-emitting narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies

We studied the radio emission from four radio-loud and gamma-ray-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies. The goal was to investigate whether a relativistic jet is operating at the source, and quantify its characteristics. We relied on the most systematic monitoring of such system in the cm and mm radio bands which is conducted with the Effelsberg 100 m and IRAM 30 m telescopes and covers the longest time-baselines and the most radio frequencies to date. We extract variability parameters and compute variability brightness temperatures and Doppler factors. The jet powers were computed from the light curves to estimate the energy output. The dynamics of radio spectral energy distributions were examined to understand the mechanism causing the variability. All the sources display intensive variability that occurs at a pace faster than what is commonly seen in blazars. The flaring events show intensive spectral evolution indicative of shock evolution. The brightness temperatures and Doppler factors are moderate, implying a mildly relativistic jet. The computed jet powers show very energetic flows. The radio polarisation in one case clearly implies a quiescent jet underlying the recursive flaring activity. Despite the generally lower flux densities, the sources appear to show all typical characteristics seen in blazars that are powered by relativistic jets.
The Vietnamese lending rate, policy-related rate, and monetary policy post-1997 Asian financial crisis

Abstract Asymmetries in the Vietnamese lending central bank’s policy-related rate spread were documented. Empirical results revealed that the spread adjusts to the threshold faster when the central bank’s policy-related rates decrease relative to the lending rates than when the central bank’s policy-related rates move in the opposite direction. Additionally, the empirical findings indicate that Vietnamese commercial banks exhibit competitive rate setting behavior which may be attributable to graft maximization by bank’s management. The results also show bidirectional Granger causality between the Vietnamese lending rate and the central bank’s policy-related rate, indicating that the lending rate and the central bank’s policy-related rate affect each other’s movements. These results suggest that monetary authority can use its countercyclical monetary policy instruments to achieve its macroeconomics objectives. However, the estimation results of the GARCH (2, 3)-in-Mean model suggest that they should intervene more frequently and by small policy measures to minimize the conditional variance of the spread to minimize the magnitude of the cycle of the lending rate.
Labor Market Institutions and Skill Premiums: An Empirical Analysis on the UK, 1972-2002

This paper analyzes the links between labor market institutions and skill premiums in the UK. We focus on the effect of deunionization on rising skill premiums during the 1980s and 1990s. We find that the deunionization of unskilled workers can explain about 25 percent of the dramatic increase of the degree premium in the private sector. While the degree premium in the public sector increases less than that in the private sector, the deunionization of unskilled workers is also the main drive behind it. However, the deunionization of skilled workers has no significant effect on skill premiums. Neither do taxation and unemployment benefits. We also find evidence that casts doubts on the conventional argument of skill-biased technology change (SBTC) and industrial restructuring on earnings inequality. Our results reveal the specific importance of unskilled workers' unionization in the problem of increasing wage inequality.