Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic browsing of large images on small display

In this paper, we propose an automatic image browsing method based on image categorization to effectively browse high-resolution images on small-display-devices such as cellular phones and digital cameras. Based on face detection algorithm and spectrum analysis, input images are categorized into face images and non-face images. The non-face images are again categorized into close-up view images and non-close-up view images. For the non-close-up view images, we conduct further classification into images-with-vanishing-point and images-without-vanishing-point. In the face images case, the browsing path is determined by face locations. In images with vanishing point case, the path is decided along the vanishing lines, while in case of images without vanishing point, we detect the saliency regions using color variance and edges, and the browsing route is determined by the location of saliency regions. We estimate the accuracy of the proposed image classification algorithm through experiments. Subjective evaluation is also conducted to assess the proposed system for automatic image browsing. Experimental results indicate that our system increases viewing satisfaction to small-display viewers.
Meaning-Based Translation: A Guide to Cross-Language Equivalence

Meaning-Based Translation is designed for training beginning translators and organized chapter by chapter as drill material for the textbook Meaning-Based Translation. The textbook emphasizes the importance of a translation being accurate, clear and natural and the exercises give the student practice in achieving this goal. The exercises follow closely the content of the textbook since this is a drill manual for added practice. The textbook has some exercises as well, but the workbook provides additional practice from one basic source, thus giving students a wider variety of problems to solve during practice time. It also provides material that can be used as homework or as testing material.
Surface reconstruction from volume data used for creating an adaptable functional brain atlas

Functions for creating adaptable atlas structures from volume data have now been included in the Karolinska Computerized Brain Atlas (CBA) software system. The main objective is to allow the user to create functional structures based on data from brain activation studies with positron emission tomography (PET). The new structures will be related to the anatomy of the CBA database brain. Thus, when the atlas is adapted to the anatomy of an individual, the new functional structures will be affected by the same transformation and can therefore be selected and displayed in relation to the anatomy of the individual. Here, the different steps involved in the creation of new atlas structures are explained and algorithms and data representations are described. The methods have been tested on data from activation studies. Such a study is chosen to illustrate how the proposed approach can be used. <<ETX>>
This material is the copyright of the original publisher. Unauthorised copying and distribution is prohibited. Alopecia in Association with Lamotrigine Use An Analysis of Individual Case Safety Reports in a Global Database

Background: The WHO Programme for International Drug Monitoring, maintained by the Uppsala Monitoring Centre (UMC), has more than 90 member countries contributing individual case safety reports (ICSRs) from their existing national pharmacovigilance systems; these reports are stored in the WHO global ICSR database, VigiBase. A continuous increase of ICSRs of alopecia in suspected connection to lamotrigine use has been observed in VigiBase; however, only limited information has been published on this topic. Objective: To examine in greater detail the association between lamotrigine and alopecia by outlining the characteristics of the accumulated reports in VigiBase. Method: An analysis of all reports in VigiBase, up to 1 April 2009, where lamotrigine was suspected of having caused alopecia. Results: Lamotrigine was suspected of being involved in the development of alopecia in 337 patients, reported from 19 countries. The age of the patients ranged between 5 months and 84 years (mean 36 years), with a predominance (58%) of patients <40 years of age. 272 patients were female. In 291 reports, lamotrigine was the only drug suspected by the reporter, and in 112 reports, lamotrigine was the sole reported drug. Commonly co-reported drugs were other antiepileptic drugs. For 217 patients, alopecia was reported as the single event. In 11 patients, the reaction abated on cessation of lamotrigine. One patient was reported to have had a recurrence of alopecia on re-administration of lamotrigine. Conclusions: The UMC continues to receive reports of alopecia associated with the use of lamotrigine. Although alopecia may not be regarded as serious from a regulatory perspective, this adverse reaction has the potential to affect compliance, resulting in decreased efficacy of the treatment regimen and detrimental effects on patient health outcomes.
A standardized way to select, evaluate, and test an analog-to-digital converter for ultrawide bandwidth radiofrequency signals based on user's needs, ideal, published,and actual specifications

The most important adverse impact on the Electronic Warfare (EW) simulation is that the number of signal sources that can be tested simultaneously is relatively small. When the number of signal sources increases, the analog hardware, complexity and costs grow by the order of N2, since the number of connections among N components is O(N*N) and the signal communication is bi-directional. To solve this problem, digitization of the signal is suggested. In digitizing a radiofrequency signal, an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) is widely used. Most research studies on ADCs are conducted from designer/test engineers' perspective. Some research studies are conducted from market's perspective. This paper presents a generic way to select, evaluate and test ultra high bandwidth COTS ADCs and generate requirements for digitizing continuous time signals from the perspective of user's needs. Based on user's needs, as well as vendor's published, ideal and actual specifications, a decision can be made in selecting a proper ADC for an application. To support our arguments and illustrate the methodology, we evaluate a Tektronix TADC-1000, an 8-bit and 12 gigasamples per second ADC. This project is funded by JEWEL lab, NAWCWD at Point Mugu, CA.
This material is the copyright of the original publisher. Unauthorised copying and distribution is prohibited. The Relationship Between Study Characteristics and the Prevalence of Medication-Related Hospitalizations A Literature Review and Novel Analysis

Background: Studies on medication-related hospitalizations differ in study setting, studied population, outcome, and method of data collection. Thus, extrapolations based on a meta-analysis of unselected studies may be biased. Objective: To explore the influence of study characteristics on the prevalence of medication-related hospitalizations. Methods: After a structured literature search, the retrieved studies were categorized based on the following aspects: (i) study setting (e.g. all hospital admissions vs only acute hospital admissions); (ii) study population (e.g. an entire hospital, study ward(s), selected population and/or age group); (iii) outcome of medication-related problem (e.g. adverse drug reaction [ADR] vs adverse drug event [ADE]); (iv) method of data collection (e.g. medical chart review, spontaneous reporting or database research); and (v) continent in which the study took place (only for studies looking at all acute admissions). We then examined the relationship between these factors and reported prevalence of medication-related hospital admissions. Results: Ninety-five studies were analysed, with a range of reported prevalence of medication-related hospitalizations from 0.1% to 54%. Higher prevalences were found in the studies examining all hospital admissions than in the studies examining only acute hospital admissions. In addition, higher prevalences were found in the elderly population than in children. As would be expected, higher prevalences were also found in studies examining ADEs than in studies examining only ADRs. With respect to the method of data collection, medical chart screening resulted in higher prevalences of medicationrelated hospitalizations than database methods or spontaneous reporting.
Frecuencia de displasia epitelial y carcinoma escamoso en mucosa oral y orofaríngea en Chile, entre los años 1990 y 2009

Background: Oral cancer in Chile corresponds approximately to 1.6% of all cancer cases. There are few studies about oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma in the Chilean population. Aim: To determine the frequency of hyperkeratosis, mild, moderate and severe oral epithelial dysplasia, in situ carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the oral and oropharyngeal mucosa in a registry of the Oral Pathology Reference Institute of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, in a ten years period. Material and methods: Review of clinical records and pathological plates of 389 patients, obtained between 1990 and 2009. Cases were selected according to their pathological diagnosis, including hyperkeratosis, oral epithelial dysplasia, in situ carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and verrucous carcinoma. Results: Forty four percent of cases were squamous cell carcinoma, followed by hyperkeratosis in 37% and mild epithelial dysplasia in 11%. Squamous cell carcinoma was more common in men aged over 50 years. Most of the potentially malignant disorders presented clinically as leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma were clinically recognized as cancer. Conclusions: In this study, men aged over 50 years are the highest risk group for oral cancer. Early diagnosis is deficient since most of these lesions were diagnosed when squamous cell carcinoma became invasive. Leukoplakia diagnosis is mostly associated with hyperkeratosis and epithelial dysplasia, therefore biopsy of these lesions is mandatory to improve early diagnosis.
The Differences in Children's Story Comprehension According to the Types of Reading Media:Paperback Books vs. Electronic Books*

ABSTRACT This study investigated differences in children’s story comprehension as they related to the types of reading media. The participants comprised 62 four-years-olds from two child-care centers located in a middle-income region of Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. In order to control the experience effect, newly developed stories published into two formats of reading media (paperback books and electronic books) were provided to the participants. The results indicated that there were no significant differences in children’s story comprehension depending on the types of reading media. Paperback book readers and electronic book readers did not show any significant difference in story comprehension, which consists of recall, recognition and reasoning tasks. As literature pertaining to children’s usage of electronic books is limited, the present study offers guidelines for the development of children’s reading media and may serve as a useful resource for future studies. Keywords：읽기매체(reading media), 종이책(paperback book), 전자책(electronic book, e-book), 이야기 이해(story comprehension).
Cellular wave computers for nanotera- scale technology---beyond boolean, spatial-temporal logic in million processor devices

Cellular wave computer architecture as a spatial-temporal universal machine on flows reflects (i) the prophecies of Turing and von Neumann, (ii) physical constraints of nano-scale technology, (iii) typical constructs in neural organisation and mechanisms, and (iv) provides for a new way of algorithmic and hardware-software framework, already implemented in some new products, including visual microprocessors. A few aspects of this new kind of computer and computing are highlighted, including the `function in layout' principle, the biological relevance in retinal modelling, and the new type of spatial-temporal algorithmic thinking beyond Boolean logic
Seamless learning in the mobile age: a theoretical and methodological discussion on using cooperative inquiry to study digital kids on-the-move

This paper shares the theoretical and methodological frameworks that are deployed in a 3-year study to examine how Singapore primary school students leverage on mobile technology for seamless learning. This notion of seamless learning refers to the integrated and synergistic effects of learning in both formal and informal settings, which is distributed across different learning processes (emergent or planned) as well as across different spaces (in or out of class). Drawing insights from the literature and our study, we assert that we should jettison the technology-centric view to adopt a socio-cultural framework. This move puts us in a better position to make sense of the rich complexities coalescing around the students’ in-situ use of mobile devices. We also critiqued the adequacy of our people-centred data collection method, in particular, cooperative inquiry in capturing instances of seamless learning. Challenges of operationalising the cooperative inquiry approaches are also detailed in the paper.
Linea alba conus medullaris: a stable anatomical landmark for thecaloscopic procedures

Denticulate ligament and filum terminale are two eminences of spinal pia mater which bind together and form a unit that supports and protects the spinal cord. The purpose of this study was to prove the relationship between denticulate ligament and filum terminale and find out the anatomic structure of their interconnection on conus medullaris. For this post-mortem study we used 10 fresh cadavers, which were previously used for downward orientated thecaloscopic procedures. The cadavers were placed in prone position and the spine was dissected at the level of L1-L2 spinal processes. Dura mater was opened after thecaloscopic exploration and the anatomy of the content of thecal sac was further investigated. We assessed endoscopically in every cadaver that filum terminale is the anatomical continuation of denticulate ligament. Macroscopically, the denticulate ligament after having given its last eminence, continues forming an externally visible white line of tissue on each side of conus medullaris, which we named “linea alba medullae spinalis” or “linea alba conus medullaris”, a structure which ends forming the filum terminale. Neuroanatomy; 2006; 5: 17–19.
Digital signal processing of time domain field simulation results using the system identification method

A new technique for significantly reducing the computation time of time domain field simulations using modern digital signal processing techniques is presented. The procedure leads to a simple model of the investigated structure in the form of a digital filter. As an example the method was applied to a transmission-line-matrix simulation of a resonant cavity. <<ETX>>
Robust segmentation of color image for wireless applications

Robust image partitioning technique with limited space-time requirement is crucial for real-time high-resolution mobile imaging applications. Simultaneous handling of color components is a stumbling block in segmentation of color image. This paper presents a strategy for segregating multi-dimensional complexity that resembles human visual perception. First-order regions are developed employing the distribution of base color (hue) creating meaningful partitions of the image. Each region being self-contained can be transmitted independently. Further segmentations on each hue region can be done concurrently with respective local distributions of saturation (S). Finally, each of the subregions can undergo a third-order segmentation based on intensity (I) distribution at local level. Experiments indicate that the segregation process improves throughput and quality of segmentation. Self-contained partitions are convenient for multi-host image sharing as well as progressive reconstruction of images in the receiver.
Enhancement of the ill-conditioned original recordings using novel ICA technique

The independent component analysis (ICA) method proposed in this study uses FastICA algorithm to improve the quality of the original recordings, which can be used as valuable pre-processing technique in signal processing methods. Initially, the ill-conditioned original audio recordings are separated using ICA methods and later, they are reconstructed using modified un-mixing matrix. The simulation results showed huge improvement of the original signal after reconstruction. The new method is found to be good because the accuracy is more compared to others in terms of the variance of the Gain matrix. The proposed method has potential applications in audio and biosignal processing techniques.
A Real Time Oriented Sound Source DOA Estimation Based on Sparseness

It is well known that MUSIC (MUltiple SIgnal Classification algorithm) is a standard DOA (Direction of Arrival) estimation for persistently exciting continuous signals such as radio waves and ultrasonic waves. Recently it has been applied to estimate the DOA of speech sounds, which are not necessarily the persistently exciting continuous signals but are the signals intermittently repeating voice and silence sections. From this point of view, the present paper proposes a framebased DOA estimation for a target sound source by using two microphones. More specifically, first, two observed mixtures are transformed at each frame to complex spectra by the short-time Fourier transform. Then, based on their phase difference, local DOAs are calculated. Next, a distribution of these DOAs is created and evaluated by a sparseness measure, and the frame with its evaluated value being over some threshold is judged as a single-source frame. At that frame, finally, the angle taking the peak of the distribution is adopted as the DOA estimate. The validity of our proposed method has confirmed by simulations under the environment where SNR is more than 20[dB] and the reverberation time is within 200[msec].
Does a Multi-Layer Display Reduce the Effect of Non-Target Flankers?

Pointing movements to targets may be influenced by non-target flankers. A Multi Layered DisplayTM (MLD) was used in an attempt to reduce any distracting effects of flanking targets. A ‘response vector model’ predicts movements away from highly salient flankers, while a ‘response activation model’ can predict movements towards. Participants were 14 skilled computer users who moved a computer cursor using a mouse to virtual targets. Kinematic analysis revealed significant effects consistent with the response vector model. Separating target and flanker separation using the MLD reduced the distracting effects of flankers upon the early “planned” part of cursor trajectories but not the latter part of cursor trajectories.
Visualisation of urban surface temperatures derived from satellite images

In recognition of the limited application of the satellite-based 'nadir' viewpoint for monitoring urban microclimate, a study was carried out to investigate the three-dimensional temperature relationships in high rise housing estates in Singapore. The data derived from this study are combined with LANDSAT TM thermal data to construct an automated 3-dimensional model of the high rise urban environment which can be varied according to Sun angle and azimuth at the time of imaging and the viewing angle required by the user.
Demixing of speech mixtures and enhancement of noisy speech using ADRess algorithm

This paper describes the ability of the Azimuth Discrimination and Resynthesis algorithm (ADRess) to separate multiple speech signals from two mixtures in a simulation environment. ADRess exploits the spatial signature of each of the contributing speech sources to demix the mixtures. Speech sentences taken from the TIMIT database and noise signals from the NOISEX database were mixed synthetically to create pairs of mixtures. ADRess can exploit the spatial signature of noise and speech sources to remove or isolate them from a mixture. To simulate the spatial location of different sources the relative attenuation and phase difference of each source between the two mixtures were manipulated. This was performed for numerous different angles of arrival so as to robustly test the algorithm. Objective measures and promising informal listening test results show the suitability of ADRess for cleaning noisy speech mixtures and document the performance of ADRess for speech mixtures with different numbers of sources.
3-D Video Enhancemnt Based on Histogram Equalization and Edge Sharpening

With the development of stereo vision, much more attention has paid from two-dimensional to three-dimensional (3-D) spaces, research on 3-D image/video becomes an inevitable trend presently. We present a novel research field that focused on the enhancement of 3-D videos, using two different 3-D videos and enhancing them with histogram equalization and edge sharpening algorithms. And we utilize the subjective assessment in the experiments. The experimental results show that the edge sharpening method has better effect than the histogram equalization method in 3-D video mode. But we also find some problems that both methods have blurred edges.
Cheap control tracking performance for non-right-invertible systems

A fundamental limitation exists in the achievable tracking performance of non-right-invertible systems. This limitation manifests itself in the cheap control tracking cost, which we show to be a function of the plant non-minimum phase zeros and of the variation with frequency of the plant direction. The cheap control tracking cost is further connected with an integral relation that constrains the performance of any stable closed-loop system where the plant has a single input and two outputs.
Medikamentöse Nicht-Adhärenz – Prädiktive Faktoren und Diagnostik

There are many complex reasons for medication non adherence and a gold standard to assess medication non adherence does not exist. We present factors associated with medication non adherence using the five adherence dimensions suggested by the World Health Organization as well as the subjective appraisal regarding medication intake of the patient as suggested by the National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence in the UK. Based on current research based knowledge, we suggest a two step adherence assessment for the clinical setting: 1) a routine assessment (screening) using patient self-report complemented by non adherence evidence from other methods; 2) in-depth adherence assessment for patients with positive non adherence evidence via interview. The adherence assessment turns then into adherence support. Adherence is the result of a skilled collaborative partnership between patients and health professionals. In complex cases adherence has to be regarded as an aim to be achieved in several stages.