Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The dual-isotope ProstaScint imaging procedure: clinical experience and staging results in 145 patients.

PURPOSE Whole-body, regional planar, and SPECT imaging using the In-111-labeled monoclonal antibody capromab pendetide (In-111 MAb; ProstaScint) has been shown to increase the detection of early disease spread in patients with prostate cancer. However, recognition of metastatic tumor sites can be difficult, especially if the involved nodes are near blood vessels. We have developed an alternate approach to the identification of metastatic sites that is based on a single simultaneous In-111 MAb and Tc-99m RBC SPECT acquisition of the pelvis and abdomen on day 5 after injection. We have also developed software that dynamically subtracts the Tc-99m RBC data set (vascular component) from the In-111 MAb data set (prostate and lymph node component), which allows for easier identification of metastatic sites. METHODS We evaluated the effectiveness of ProstaScint for staging 145 patients with prostate cancer, 19 newly diagnosed and 126 with recurrence, using these two modifications. RESULTS With clinical follow-up in 13 of 19 (68%) patients with primary disease, 10 of 13 (78%) had organ-confined disease. With follow-up in 64 of 126 (51%) patients with possible recurrent disease, 49 of 64 (77%) were found to have prostatic fossa activity only. Disease stage was deemed more advanced in 3 of 13 (22%) patients with primary cancer and in 13 of 64 (20%) of those with recurrent disease based on ProstaScint findings when all other imaging tests were inconclusive. Six patients with recurrent disease had negative results of their scans. In the 16 patients with more advanced disease, 3 of 59 lesions (5%) were documented as false positive, and there were no reported cases of false-negative findings. CONCLUSIONS Using both the dual-isotope procedure and the subtraction analysis software with the ProstaScint examination provides additional information for staging primary and possibly recurrent prostate cancer compared with standard imaging techniques.
Peptide YY: Intrapancreatic Localization and Effects on Insulin and Glucagon Secretion in the Mouse

We studied the intrapancreatic localization of peptide YY (PYY) and the effects of PYY on insulin and glucagon secretion in the mouse. Immunofluorescence staining of mouse pancreatic tissue showed that PYY occurred within islet cells. These cells were located preferentially at the periphery of the islets. Sequential and simultaneous double immunostaining revealed that most PYY cells also displayed glucagon immunoreactivity; some PYY cells contained immunoreactive pancreatic polypeptide (PP). At the electromicroscopic level, PYY immunoreactivity was demonstrated within the secretory granules of both glucagon cells and of a small granular cell type, which showed structural similarities to PP cells. In in vivo experiments, PYY at dose levels between 0.53 and 8.5 nmol/kg had no influence on basal plasma levels of insulin, glucagon, or glucose. In contrast, insulin secretion stimulated by glucose or the cholinergic agonist carbachol was inhibited by PYY (by 33 and 26%, respectively, at 4.25 nmol/kg). Similarly, carbachol-induced glucagon secretion was inhibited by PYY (by 47% at 4.25 nmol/kg). We conclude that PYY occurs in islet cells of the mouse pancreas, most of which are glucagon cells, and that PYY inhibits stimulated insulin and glucagon secretion in vivo in the mouse.
The contribution of studies of source credibility to a theory of interpersonal trust in the communication process.

Interpersonal trust in the communication process is denned as reliance upon the communication of another person in order to achieve a desired but uncertain objective in a risky situation. A theory of the dimensions of interpersonal trust in communication is presented. Experimental studies of ethos and factor-analytic studies of source credibility support the hypothesis that interpersonal trust is based upon a listener's perceptions of a speaker's expertness, reliability, intentions, activeness, personal attractiveness, and the majority opinion of the listener's associates. The word "trust" has been prominent in our vocabulary for years; however, the concept is somewhat similar to Mark Twain's notion of the weather: Everybody knows about trust, but few people have studied it. The term is used to indicate one's attitude toward such things as paper money, dogs, line fences, and women.
Current aspects of pathogenesis in Sjögren’s syndrome

Sjögren’s syndrome is a chronic autoimmune process that primarily affects the exocrine glands and leads to their functional impairment. The exocrine gland involvement is characterized by a focal, mononuclear cell infiltrate which is accumulated around ducts and, in some patients, extends and replaces the secretory functional units. The mechanisms of this autoimmune ‘exocrinopathy’ are not fully understood. The immune attack that follows activation or apoptosis of glandular epithelial cells exposing autoantigens in genetically predisposed individuals may drive the immune-mediated tissue injury. Abnormalities related to the upregulation of type I interferon-regulated genes (interferon signature), abnormal expression of B-cell-activating factor (BAFF) and activation of the IL-23/TH17 pathway are among the immune mediators implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune lesions within the salivary glands. Such abnormalities demonstrate the complex interplay between innate and adaptive immunity that contributes to autoimmune ‘exocrinopathy’.
Role of protein kinase A and the serine-rich region of herpes simplex virus type 1 ICP4 in viral replication

Efficient expression of herpes simplex virus genes requires the synthesis of functional ICP4, a nuclear phosphoprotein that contains a prominent serine-rich region between amino acids 142 and 210. Residues in this region not only are potential sites for phosphorylation but also are involved in the functions of ICP4. By comparing the growth of a virus in which this region is deleted (d8-10) with wild-type virus (KOS) in PC12 cells or PC12 cells that are deficient in cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), two observations were made: (i) the growth of wild-type virus was impaired by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude in the PKA-deficient cells, indicating the involvement of PKA in the growth cycle of herpes simplex virus type 1, and (ii) while the growth of d8-10 was impaired by almost 2 orders of magnitude in wild-type cells, it was not further impaired (as was that of wild-type virus) in PKA-deficient cells, implicating the region deleted in d8-10 as a possible target for cellular PKA. In trigeminal'ganglia of mice, the d8-10 mutant virus grew poorly; however, it established latency in nearly 90% of ganglia tested. Studies of the phosphorylation of wild-type and d8-10 ICP4 proteins revealed that the serine-rich region is a major determinant for phosphorylation of ICP4 in vivo and that the phosphorylation state could change as a function of the PKA activity. Consistent with this observation, the serine-rich region of ICP4 was shown to be a target for PKA in vitro. While intact ICP4 was readily phosphorylated by ICP4 in vitro, the d8-10 mutant ICP4 was not. Moreover, a synthethic peptide representing a sequence in the serine tract that is predicted to be a substrate for PKA was phosphorylated by PKA in vitro, having a Km within the physiological range. These data suggest that PKA plays a role in viral growth through phosphorylation of one or more sites on the ICP4 molecule.
Ascidian otx gene Hroth activates transcription of the brain‐specific gene HrTRP

The brain (sensory vesicle) of the ascidian larvae is thought to be homologous to the vertebrate forebrain and midbrain and, thus, is proposed as a simplified model to investigate mechanisms of brain formation in vertebrates. However, the genetic circuitry that governs formation of the sensory vesicle is largely unknown. To address this issue, we investigated the transcriptional regulation of the sensory vesicle–specific gene HrTRP by Hroth, the otx gene of the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi. A 133‐bp 5′‐flanking region of HrTRP, identified as a promoter that can drive expression of the reporter gene in the sensory vesicle, contains two otx binding consensus sites. When the two otx sites were deleted or mutated, the promoter activity of this region was decreased. Hroth overexpression can transactivate this promoter in an otx site–dependent manner. Transactivation of HrTRP promoter by Hroth overexpression was mimicked by overexpression of Hroth/VP16, which encodes a fusion protein of Hroth and the activator domain of VP16, and is suppressed by coexpression with Hroth/En, which encodes a fusion protein of Hroth and the Engrailed repressor domain. Finally, translational interference of Hroth by a morpholino oligonucleotide resulted in the reduction of HrTRP expression in the ascidian embryos. These results suggest that Hroth acts as a direct activator of HrTRP transcription during sensory vesicle development. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of MEF2 by Histone Deacetylase 4- and SIRT1 Deacetylase-Mediated Lysine Modifications

ABSTRACT The class II deacetylase histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) negatively regulates the transcription factor MEF2. HDAC4 is believed to repress MEF2 transcriptional activity by binding to MEF2 and catalyzing local histone deacetylation. Here we report that HDAC4 also controls MEF2 by a novel SUMO E3 ligase activity. We show that HDAC4 interacts with the SUMO E2 conjugating enzyme Ubc9 and is itself sumoylated. The overexpression of HDAC4 leads to prominent MEF2 sumoylation in vivo, whereas recombinant HDAC4 stimulates MEF2 sumoylation in a reconstituted system in vitro. Importantly, HDAC4 promotes sumoylation on a lysine residue that is also subject to acetylation by a MEF2 coactivator, the acetyltransferase CBP, suggesting a possible interplay between acetylation and sumoylation in regulating MEF2 activity. Indeed, MEF2 acetylation is correlated with MEF2 activation and dynamically induced upon muscle cell differentiation, while sumoylation inhibits MEF2 transcriptional activity. Unexpectedly, we found that HDAC4 does not function as a MEF2 deacetylase. Instead, the NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT1 can potently induce MEF2 deacetylation. Our studies reveal a novel regulation of MEF2 transcriptional activity by two distinct classes of deacetylases that affect MEF2 sumoylation and acetylation.
Some fundamental aspects of human joint replacement. Analyses of stresses and heat conduction in bone-prosthesis structures.

• A submitted manuscript is the author's version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Antibody to Saccharomyces cerevisiae (bakers' yeast) in Crohn's disease.

Comparaison de 55 cas de maladie de Crohn, 40 de colite ulcerative et 30 temoins normaux. Les titres d'anticorps IgG et IgA contre Saccharomyces cerevisiae sont significativement eleves dans la maladie de Crohn, non dans la colite ulcerative
Macular hole with central retinal detachment in high myopia with posterior staphyloma.

Advanced chorioretinal atrophy and vascular sclerosis are common findings in high myopia, particularly in association with a posterior staphyloma. Cystic macular degeneration followed by hole formation is therefore more common in eyes with high myopia than in other eyes, and probably most frequent in cases of high myopia with posterior staphy-lomata, a fact which does not appear to have been pointed out before. Macular holes in posterior staphylomata are very likely to be missed
Returns to education and wage equations

The paper shows why considering a number of education-dependent covariates in a wage equation decreases the coefficient of education in that equation. This result is illustrated empirically with a meta-analysis for Portugal. The education coefficient decreases when covariates are used that can be considered post-education decisions; on the other hand, it is independent of sample size, tenure and whether hourly or monthly wages are used. These results support the use of a simple specification of the Mincer equation for the study of the total returns to education.
Membrane Domains in Lymphocytes – From Lipid Rafts to Protein Scaffolds

Lateral compartmentalization of the plasma membrane into domains is a key feature of immune cell activation and subsequent immune effector functions. Here, we will review the high diversity of membrane domains, ranging from elementary lipid rafts, envisioned as dynamic and small domains (in the tens of nm), to relatively stable μm‐scale membrane domains, which form the immunologic synapse of T lymphocytes. We will discuss the relationship between these different types of plasma membrane domains and how raft lipid‐ and protein‐controlled interactions and cell biological processes cooperate to generate functional domains that mediate lymphocyte activity.
Ethics and geoengineering: reviewing the moral issues raised by solar radiation management and carbon dioxide removal

After two decades of failure by the international community to respond adequately to the threat of global climate change, discussions of the possibility of geoengineering a cooler climate have recently proliferated. Alongside the considerable optimism that these technologies have generated, there has also been wide acknowledgement of significant ethical concerns. Ethicists, social scientists, and experts in governance have begun the work of addressing these concerns. The plethora of ethical issues raised by geoengineering creates challenges for those who wish to survey them. The issues are here separated out according to the temporal spaces in which they first arise. Some crop up when merely contemplating the prospect of geoengineering. Others appear as research gets underway. Another set of issues attend the actual implementation of the technologies. A further set occurs when planning for the cessation of climate engineering. Two cautions about this organizational schema are in order. First, even if the issues first arise in the temporal spaces identified, they do not stay completely contained within them. A good reason to object to the prospect of geoengineering, for example, will likely remain a good reason to object to its implementation. Second, the ethical concerns intensify or weaken depending on the technology under consideration. The wide range of geoengineering technologies currently being discussed makes it prudent that each technique should be evaluated individually for its ethical merit. WIREs Clim Change 2013, 4:23–37. doi: 10.1002/wcc.198
Are there multiple memory systems? Tests of models of implicit and explicit memory

This article reviews recent work aimed at developing a new framework, based on signal detection theory, for understanding the relationship between explicit (e.g., recognition) and implicit (e.g., priming) memory. Within this framework, different assumptions about sources of memorial evidence can be framed. Application to experimental results provides robust evidence for a single-system model in preference to multiple-systems models. This evidence comes from several sources including studies of the effects of amnesia and ageing on explicit and implicit memory. The framework allows a range of concepts in current memory research, such as familiarity, recollection, fluency, and source memory, to be linked to implicit memory. More generally, this work emphasizes the value of modern computational modelling techniques in the study of learning and memory.
Bordetella pertussis versus non-L. pneumophila Legionella spp.: a continuing diagnostic challenge

1. Barrera, L. , and I. N. Kantor. 1987. Nontuberculous mycobacteria and Mycobacterium bovis as a cause of human disease in Argentina. Trop. Geogr. Med. 39:222-227. 2. Cetrangolo, A. , L. Marchesini, N. Isola, I. N. Kantor, and M. DiLonardo. 1971. Tuberculosis humana provocada porMycobacterium bovis. An. Pat. Clin. 30:84-88. 3. Collins, C. H. , M. D. Yates, and J. Grange. 1981. A study of bovine strains of Mycobacterium bovis isolated from humans in South East England, 1977-1979. Tubercle 62:113-116. 4. del Portillo, P., L. A. Murillo, and M. E. Patarroyo. 1991. Amplification of a species-specific DNA fragment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its possible use in diagnosis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 29:2163-2168. 5. Pan American Health Organization. 1991. Health conditions in the Americas, 1990, vol. I. Scientific publication no. 524. Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C. 6. Pan American Health Organization. 1991. Current status of bovine tuberculosis in Latin America and the Caribbean. In I. N. Kantor and E. Alvarez (ed.), Special publication no. 10. Martinez, Argentina. 7. World Health Organization. 1982. Health conditions in the Americas, 1977-1980. Scientific publication no. 427. Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C.
Plasma Fibrinolytic Activity Following Oral Anabolic Steroid Therapy

Summary Six anabolic steroids were assessed for their ability to enhance plasma fibrinolytic activity in males with ischaemic heart disease. Five 17α-alkylated steroids (Ethyloestrenol, Norethandrolone, Methandienone, Methylandrostenediol and Oxymetholone) were examined and all produced a significant increase in plasma plasminogen activator as measured by the euglobulin lysis time. The only non-17α-alkylated steroid studied (Methenolone acetate) failed to enhance fibrinolysis. The 17α-alkylated steroids studied all deserve more detailed evaluation of their long term effects on plasma fibrinolytic activity.
Higher body mass index and larger waist circumference may be predictors of thyroid carcinoma in patients with Hürthle‐cell lesion/neoplasm fine‐needle aspiration diagnosis

High body mass index (BMI) has been found to be associated with raised thyroid cancer risk, particularly in women. We examined the associations for BMI and waist circumference (WC) with thyroid cancer risk among women with Hürthle‐cell lesion/neoplasm (HLN) on fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) with the hypothesis that BMI and WC could guide the management of these challenging indeterminate lesions.
Donor age as a predictor of risk for short-term outcomes after liver transplant.

OBJECTIVES To investigate an association between short-term mortality and donor age-associated worst outcomes in liver transplant. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 178 consecutive patients underwent a liver transplant between 1999 and 2007. Among these patients, there were 172 liver transplants (donor age, 32.04 +/- 16.66; range, 2-65 years) and 167 recipients. Mean recipient age was 39.16 +/- 21.61 years (range, 6 months to 71 years), and 90 were males (53.8%). RESULTS Among 172 transplants, 32.9% recipients died during follow-up (mean, 34.37 +/- 20.50 months). A lower mean recipient and graft survival occurred in donors older than 50 years (P = .01) and 30 years (P = .02) at 7-year patient survival. At 6- month and 1-year recipient survival, cutoffs were 50 and 55 years (P < .05). Log-rank test showed no statistical difference among recipients, and graft survival from donors older/younger 50 and 30 years 1.5 years after liver transplant (P < .565 and P < .259). CONCLUSIONS Donor age is a key factor in liver transplant that carries prognostic impact in the recipients. Our data suggest that its harmful effects are exclusively elicited during the short-term, postoperative phase. We recommend careful and distinct management of recipients receiving grafts from elderly donors up to 1.5 years after liver transplant. Changes in the current early postoperative management of this selected group are encouraged.
Fractures of the Distal Radius Intermediate and End Results in Relation to Radiologic Parameters

The purpose of this study was to quantify the functional impairment following distal radial fractures and to identify the factors affecting prognosis. One hundred fifteen patients were assessed six months and two years following initial injury. On final assessment, subjectively, 56% had good, 39% had fair, and 5% had poor results. Median grip strength improved from 51% to 78%, range of movement from 87% to 94%, and wrist torque from 93% to 100%. Redisplacement occurred in 59%; only 33% clinically and 19% radiologically had perfect cosmetic results. Radial malunion was important functionally. Only when the dorsal angle exceeded 20° or the radial angle fell below 10° with a 30° mean was there reduction in grip strength (p = 0.05). Comminution and intraarticular involvement predisposed to a median loss of movement of 15% and 11%, respectively (p = <0.05). Patients requiring physiotherapy formed a poor prognostic group. A combination of factors is responsible for poor results. Attention should be directed toward early and adequate rehabilitation of the injured hand and wrist.
Metrology Challenges for 45-nm Strained-Si Device Technology

The semiconductor industry has maintained its historical exponential improvement in performance by aggressively scaling transistor dimensions. However, as devices approach sub-100-nm dimensions, scaling becomes more challenging and new materials are required to overcome the fundamental physical limitations imposed by existing materials. For example, as power supply voltages continue to decrease with successive scaling, enhancing carrier mobility using biaxially tensile-stressed Si on relaxed SiGe on SOI and on bulk substrates has become a viable option to sustain continual drive current increase without traditional scaling. Although the addition of strained-Si to conventional MOSFET devices is compatible with existing mainstream CMOS process technology, there are new device and process integration challenges, wafer quality monitoring demands, and stringent requirements for film morphology and strain uniformity, imposing new demands on material characterization. Material requirements for strained-Si CMOS devices include having uniform SiGe thickness, Ge composition, and strain distribution. These are required to maintain uniform device performance as well as low defect density for high minority carrier lifetimes and transconductance, as well as low surface roughness to minimize the impact of interface scattering on carrier mobilities. The parameters of interest in strained-Si CMOS technology include SiGe and Si channel thickness, Ge composition, strain, dislocation density, interface quality, and roughness. Nondestructive inline metrology techniques include spectroscopic ellipsometry for film thickness and Ge composition, X-ray reflectivity for thickness, density, and roughness measurements, X-ray fluorescence for Ge composition, UV-Raman spectroscopy for channel strain characterization, IR photoluminescence for defect detection, and X-ray diffraction for both Ge content and strain measurement. While most of these techniques are well established in the semiconductor industry, some will require development for application to volume manufacturing. This paper will focus on various metrology approaches used in strained-Si CMOS devices