Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Title: How Much Have Variations in the Meridional Overturning Circulation Contributed to Sea

The surface of the world’s oceans has been warming since the beginning of industrialization. In addition to this, multidecadal sea surface temperature (SST) variations of internal origin exist. Evidence suggests that the North Atlantic Ocean exhibits the strongest multidecadal SST variations and that these variations are connected to the overturning circulation. This work investigates the extent to which these internal multidecadal variations have contributed to enhancing or diminishing the trend induced by the external radiative forcing, globally and in the North Atlantic. A model study is carried out wherein the analyses of a long control simulation with constant radiative forcing at preindustrial level and of an ensemble of simulations with historical forcing from 1850 until 2005 are combined. First, it is noted that global SST trends calculated from the different historical simulations are similar, while there is a large disagreement between the North Atlantic SST trends. Then the control simulation is analyzed, where a relationship between SST anomalies and anomalies in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) for multidecadal and longer time scales is identified. This relationship enables the extraction of the AMOC-related SST variability from each individual member of the ensemble of historical simulations and then the calculation of the SST trends with theAMOC-related variability excluded. For the global SST trends this causes only a little difference while SST trends with AMOC-related variability excluded for the North Atlantic show closer agreement than with the AMOC-related variability included. From this it is concluded that AMOC variability has contributed significantly to North Atlantic SST trends since the mid nineteenth century.
Introductory Chapter: Developing Patient Safety Champions

Despite tremendous progress in improving their safety performance, modern healthcare systems still have a long way to go compared to other high-risk, low-error industries such as banking or air transportation. To that end, it has been proposed that adoption of the aviation industry’s high-reliability models (HRMs) by healthcare systems may help reduce the occurrence of medical errors. These HRMs are based on in-depth analyses of failure modes and are characterized by their inherent focus on team approaches and the commitment to identifying often complex solutions to existing problems [1]. Within the highly complex environment of modern healthcare, the process of improving patient safety (PS) is certainly a long and arduous journey. This chapter is intended to serve as a framework to the broader discussion of strategies to improve PS outcomes. The overarching themes of this book series revolve around continually institutionalizing and further refining a culture of safety within modern healthcare systems.
A ComprehensiveFramework for Identifying Viral Marketing's Influencers in Twitter

Viral marketing can lead to extensive knowledge of marketing campaigns across customers with lower costs. The important point of viral marketing is targeting the subset of customers that can influence on others. Such customers enhance the efficiency of a marketing campaign by maximizing propagation of viral message throughout the network. According to increasing the importance of the Twitter network for marketing efforts in recent years, the aim of this work is to identify the best influential individuals for the efficient performance of viral marketing campaigns in this network. Recent works on Twitter reveal the lack of a comprehensive framework for differentiation of influencers in viral marketing. Our qualitative research aims at the synthesis of results and theories from previous studies in a new comprehensive framework. The paper first provides a detailed review on previous works about the influence and diffusion of information on Twitter. Second, according to the important features of viral marketing’s influencers, it proposes a comprehensive framework for evaluating these features in terms of Twitter functions.This frameworkconcentrates on all of the important factors for identifying viral marketing's influencers. So, the most worthy twitterers with highest marketing value can be identified effectively based on our proposed framework.
Large-Area resonance-tuned metasurfaces for on-demand enhanced spectroscopy

We show an effective procedure for lateral structure tuning in nanoimprint lithography (NIL) that has been developed as a vertical top-down method fabricating large-area nanopatterns. The procedure was applied to optical resonance tuning in stacked complementary (SC) metasurfaces based on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates and was found to realize structure tuning at nm precision using only one mold in the NIL process. The structure tuning enabled us to obtain fine tuning of the optical resonances, offering cost-effective, high-throughput, and high-precision nanofabrication. We also demonstrate that the tuned optical resonances selectively and significantly enhance fluorescence (FL) of dye molecules in a near-infrared range. FL intensity on a SC metasurface was found to be more than 450-fold larger than the FL intensity on flat Au film on base SOI substrate.
LEACHING CHARACTERISTICS OF EAF AND AOD STAINLESS STEEL PRODUCTION DUSTS

In this paper sulfuric acid leaching of four different stainless steel production flue dusts is studied. The main objective is to study and compare the valuable metal Zn, Cr, Ni, Fe, Mo dissolution present in the EAF 1&2 (electric arc furnace) and AOD 1&2 (argon oxygen decarburization converter) dusts. The effect of sulfuric acid concentration, temperature and liquid-to-solid ratio are tested for maximum and selective Zn leaching into solution for recycling purposes. Leaching tests were done in 0.1 M, 0.5 M and 1.5 M sulfuric acid, at temperatures of 30oC, 60oC and 90oC with liquid-to-solid ratios L:S = 10 and 20 under 1 bar pressure for 120 minutes. Maximum Zn dissolution yield was achieved with 1.5M, 90oC, L:S = 10 where the Zn dissolution yield varied from 65% to almost 100%, depending on the dust type (AOD, EAF) and production line (1 or 2). At the same time Cr was leached 7 - 17%, Ni 37 - 48%, Fe 48 - 89% and Mo 82 - 100%. The best zinc selectivity vs. Cr, Ni, Fe, Mo was achieved with 0.5 M, 30oC and L:S 10. The Zn dissolution varied between 33 - 72%, Cr 2 - 4%, Ni 6 - 9%, Fe 2 - 9% and Mo 1 - 55%. Higher temperature and acid concentration resulted in faster dissolution of metals. AOD dust in both lines 1 and 2 has better valuable metal recycling possibilities than EAF dust due to better maximum Zn dissolution and better selective dissolution of Zn vs. Cr, Ni, Fe, Mo.
Rapidity Distribution of Charged Pions From Pb+Pb and Au+Au Central Collisions

Rapidity distributions for charged pions produced from central collisions Pb+Pb and Au+Au at (b ≤ 3.4 fm.) in range of energy 2 GeV up to = 200 GeV are investigated. The experimental results are studied in terms of the Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamic Model Ur-QMD. In general, the model can give suitable predictions of rapidity distributions for production of charged pions from interactions with energies below 160 A GeV. This model is supported the assumption that the onset of de-confinement is located at low energies. It treats the initial nucleon-nucleon interactions within a string-hadronic framework. In addition, it includes effects such as string-string interactions and hadronic re-scattering that expected to be relevant in A+A collisions. There is a kind of similarity for mechanism responsible for production of the two charge states of pions and it can extended to other hadrons. Ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamic model give good description on energy dependence for charged pion productions and points of maximum rapidity.
Brain and Language Specialty: Insights from Aphasiology and Neuroimaging

Scientific interest in the investigation of language and its neural correlates has always centered on the possibility of pinpointing the location of language in the brain with the assumption that specific areas of the brain could be dedicated to specific language components and processes. A central question in current neurolinguistic and psycholinguistic research that has been thoroughly discussed over the last few decades is whether certain linguistic abilities result from dedicated brain areas each specialized for specific kinds of linguistic representations and processes or whether these abilities are more accurately described in terms of interactions among different linguistic levels distributed across multiple brain regions. An outlook on language derived from current research suggests that language specialty as a distinctly human cognitive faculty lies in being supported by distributed neural structures that interact efficiently with so many domain-general abilities, functions, and information sources rather than in being located in a dedicated set of cognitive neural structures. This paper is a reflection of the insights into language in the brain based on findings obtained from neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies that support this perspective. The paper goes on plead that with current developments in linguistic theory, as a model of human knowledge of language, and some powerful methodological advances in cognitive neuroscience may lead to a new and more precise image of the functional organization of language in the brain.
Temperature effect on damage generation mechanisms during ion implantation in Si. A classical molecular dynamics study

We have studied the temperature effect on the damage generation mechanisms in silicon, suppressing the influence of dynamic annealing. We have done dedicated classical molecular dynamics simulations to determine how the ballistic mechanism and the thermal spikes are affected by temperature. We have quantified the minimum energy required to permanently displace an atom from its lattice position by a ballistic collision. We have found that the displacement energy threshold does not change appreciably with temperature. However, when subthreshold energy is simultaneously deposited in several neighboring particles in a finite volume, i.e. when thermal spikes occur, there is an enhancement of the generation of damage with increasing temperature. In high energy recoils both mechanisms are combined, and it results in an increase of the generated damage with temperature.
Bioassessments to Detect Changes in Pacific Northwest River Fish Assemblages: A Malheur River Case Study

The EPA's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program large-river assessment protocol was applied to assess the ecological condition, major stressors, and likely human disturbances of the mainstem Malheur River, OR. We used inflatable rafts to allow launching and retrieving from difficult access points and to sample river reaches inaccessible to most other boat types or wading crews, including areas with river obstacles such as rapids and small dams. Electrofishing twenty-four 1–2 km long reaches within the lower 150 km of the river during the summers of 2006 and 2007 revealed: (1) the absence of native mountain whitefish Prosopium williamsoni; (2) the presence of previously undocumented endemics, mountain sucker Catostomus platyrhynchus and leopard dace Rhinichthys falcatus; (3) the existence of previously undocumented aliens, flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris, tadpole madtom Noturus gyrinus, pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus, fathead minnow Pimephales promelas, and western mosquitofish Gambusia affinis; (4) possible range extensions into the main river by two alien basin-reservoir inhabitants, largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides and yellow perch Perca flavescens; and (5) index of biological integrity scores that declined from a high of 53 for an upstream site to 0.5 for a site 6 km from the river mouth. Regular standardized direct assessments of large-river fish assemblages can provide important information used to update river-basin management plans and inform water-resource managers.
Influence of poultry manure application on vitamin content, proximate and chemical properties of the leaves of moringa (Moringa oleifera lam) plant

The study was carried out in the Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Nigeria Nsukka, to determine the influence of poultry manure application on the vitamin content, proximate and chemical properties of leaves of Moringa oleifera plants. The levels of poultry manure used were 0 tonne/ha, 5 tonnes/ha and 10 tonnes/ha respectively. The moringa seeds used were collected from three locations of Nigeria i.e. Nsukka (Enugu State), Dutse (Jigawa State) and Jos (Plateau State). The experiment was a 3 x 3 factorial trial in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The poultry manure levels did not show any significant differences (p<0.05) in the proximate properties (% ash, % crude protein, % fat, % crude fibre and % carbohydrate), chemical properties (nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sodium, manganese, iron, zinc, copper) and some vitamin contents (vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, and C). Succulent leaves had higher values of the proximate properties except carbohydrate, vitamins (except vitamin B2) and chemical properties except copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). There were no significant effects (p<0.05) of the seed sources on the proximate properties of the leaves, vitamin content except vitamin A and chemical compositions except phosphorus (P) and copper (Cu).
Degradation of buried ice and permafrost in the Veleta cirque (Sierra Nevada, Spain) from 2006 to 2013 as a response to recent climate trends

Abstract. The Veleta cirque is located at the foot of the Veleta peak, one of the highest summits of the Sierra Nevada National Park (southern Spain). This cirque was the source of a glacier valley during the Quaternary cold periods. During the Little Ice Age it sheltered a small glacier, the most southerly in Europe, about which we have possessed written records since the 17th century. This glacier still had ice residues until the mid-20th century. This ice is no longer visible, but a residue persists along with discontinuous permafrost trapped under strata of rock blocks that make up an incipient rock glacier. From 2006 to 2013, this rock glacier was monitored by measurement of the temperature of the active layer, the degree of snow cover on the ground, movements of the body of the rock glacier and geophysical prospection inside it. The results show that the relict ice and trapped permafrost have been steadily declining. The processes that explain this degradation occur in chain, starting from the external radiation that affects the ground in summer, which is when the temperatures are higher. In effect, when this radiation steadily melts the snow on the ground, the thermal expansive wave advances into the heart of the active layer, reaching the ceiling of the frozen mass, which it then degrades and melts. In this entire linked process, the circulation of meltwaters fulfils a highly significant function, as they act as heat transmitters. The complementary nature of these processes explains the subsidence and continuous changes in the entire clastic pack and the melting of the frozen ceiling on which it rests. This happens in summer in just a few weeks. All these events, in particular the geomorphological ones, take place on the Sierra Nevada peaks within certain climate conditions that are at present unfavourable to the maintenance of snow on the ground in summer. These conditions could be related to recent variations in the climate, starting in the mid-19th century and most markedly since the second half of the 20th century. The work and results highlight the climate sensitivity of the peaks of the Sierra Nevada to the effect of climate change and its impact on the dynamics of ecosystems, which is a benchmark for evaluating the current evolution of landscapes of Mediterranean high mountains.
The new infrared imaging system on Alcator C-Mod

A new infrared imaging system has been installed on Alcator C-Mod. This system uses an Amber Radiance 1 IR video camera (filtered to the 4.2–4.4 μm band) to view a 30 cm×30 cm region of the lower divertor from above by means of a re-entrant 5-m long ZnSe based periscope. Capture of the standard 30 Hz video frames (8-bit) and camera control are performed remotely over fiber optic links by a Windows 95 PC, using a MuTech MV-1000 video grabber board. Plans are under way to directly capture the 60 Hz, 12-bit, 256×256 pixel images using a digital video camera interface with a fiber optic link from EDT (Beaverton, Oregon). Preliminary results show that during nondisruptive discharges no substantial surface temperature increase is observed on the upper sections of the divertor, with the exception of “hot spots,” although occasionally, increased heating in toroidal bands is seen. Bands can also be observed after disruptions that result in a downward movement of the plasma.
Effects of Sympathetic Conversation on Electroencephalogram, Stress, Anxiety-Depression, and Muscle Tone in Chronic Stroke Patients*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the effects of sympathetic conversation on stress, anxiety and depression, and muscle tone in chronic stroke patients. METHODS: Patients were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (EG, n=7) or control group (CG, n=7). Both groups participated in a pretest before intervention. Subjects were asked to undergo: 1) electroencephalogram, 2) Stress Response Inventory, 3) Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, 4) muscle tone and stiffness testing. After the pretest, EG received sympathetic conversation and CG received a simple explanation about stroke recovery and rehabilitation. Following the intervention, both groups were immediately administered a post test. RESULTS: In EG, the electroencephalogram relative
Effect of ghrelin on directional migration of bone-marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells in vitro

Objective To explore the influence of ghrelin on migration function of rat endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and potential signal transduction pathway in vitro. Methods Mononuclear cells were collected from rat bone marrow by density gradient centrifugation. The cells were identified by Dil-acLDL and FITC-UEA-1 double staining, and immunohistochemical staining was performed for CD34, CD133, vWF and flk-1. The effects of 10－9–10－6mol/L ghrelin on directional migration of EPCs were determined by Transwell assay. EPCs were incubated with 10－9–10－6mol/L ghrelin for 15min, or incubated with 10－7mol/L ghrelin for 0–60min for assaying Akt and eNOS phosphorylation. EPCs were pretreated with PI3K or eNOS inhibitors LY294002 or L-NAME for assaying Akt and eNOS phosphorylation, and directional migration of EPCs by Western blotting. Results Isolated cells were approximately round within 24h of culture, exhibited a spindle-shaped morphology after culture for 4–7 days, formed cordlike structures after 9 days. The cells were double-staining positive for both Dil-acLDL and FITC-UEA-1 and identified as EPCs. They were additionally confirmed by demonstrating the expression of well-established cell surface markers like CD31, CD34, CD133, vWF and flk-1. 10－8–10－7mol/L ghrelin significantly induced directional migration of EPCs (P < 0.001). However, the higher concentration of ghrelin (10－6mol/L) significantly inhibited directional migration of EPCs (P < 0.05). Treatment of EPCs with ghrelin increased phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS in a time- and dose-dependent manner. PI3K inhibitor LY294002 attenuated ghrelin-induced phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS (P < 0.05), eNOS inhibitor L-NAME blocked ghrelin-induced phosphorylation of eNOS (P < 0.05), but had no effect on Akt phosphorylation. Ghrelin-induced directional migration of EPCs was suppressed by LY294002 or L-NAME (P < 0.05). Conclusions Ghrelin can stimulate directional migration of EPCs via activation of the PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway. However, the above effect of ghrelin is concentration-dependent.
Predicting local residents' use of nearby outdoor recreation areas through quality perceptions and recreational expectations

Outdoor recreation, and in particular nearby recreation, is of growing importance in urban areas. However, previous research into nearby recreation areas has been subject to several limitations, including being restricted to target area surveys and inadequate explanation of the use of these areas. The present study predicts the degree of use of a nearby outdoor recreation area on the fringe of Zurich by relating use to both the quality of the area, as perceived by the local residents’ (n = 325), and to their general recreational expectations. The perceived quality of the recreation area predicted mainly weekend use. Frequent visitors reported higher expectations than nonvisitors regarding their recreational environment in general, and in particular regarding qualities of stimulation avoidance. It is concluded that maintenance of landscape quality and natural features, as well as providing low-stimulus environments represents the first priority for the management of nearby outdoor recreational areas.
What if you were German? - DSGE approach to the Great Recession on labour markets

In this paper we utilize an open economy DSGE model to analyse factors behind the Great Recession and its transmission into labour markets of selected Southern European countries. We introduce a number of shocks which form potential sources of macroeconomic disturbances, in particular: foreign demand, productivity, bargaining power, labour demand, labour supply, government spending, and job destruction shocks. Using quarterly data for the 1995-2013 period, we estimate the model for Germany, Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain. We identify shocks determining macroeconomic and labour market fluctuations in each of the countries studied. We also conduct experiments allowing us to assess to what extent differences between countries with regard to macroeconomic and labour market fluctuations resulted from different shocks affecting them, and to what extent from different resilience of particular economies.
Nitrogen use (in)efficiency and cereal production in Brazil: current trends and forecasts

Here, we provide an analysis to understand the evolution of cereal production and consumption of nitrogen (N) fertilizers in Brazil and to correlate N use efficiency (NUE), greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and economic and environmental losses. Our results showed that the increased consumption of N fertilizers is associated with a large decrease in NUE in recent years. CO2eq emissions from N fertilization for cereal production were approximately 12 times higher in 2011 compared to 1970. The projected N fertilizer forecasts are 2.09 and 2.37 million ton for 2015 and 2023, respectively. An increase of 0.02% per year in the projected NUE was predicted for the same time period. In a hypothetical scenario, a 2.39% increase in cereal NUE would lead to USD 21 million savings in N fertilizer costs. Thus, increases in NUE rates would lead not only to agronomic and environmental benefits but also to economic improvement.