Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strain of passive elements during force enhancement by stretch in frog muscle fibres.

1. The force enhancement during and after stretch (0.15 micron per sarcomere) was studied during fused tetani of single fibres isolated from the anterior tibialis muscle of Rana temporaria (0.5‐3.6 degrees C; sarcomere length, 2.05‐2.65 microns). Changes in length were recorded simultaneously from the fibre as a whole (puller movement) and from marked segments (approximately 0.5 mm in length) of the same fibre. 2. The residual force enhancement after stretch (recorded at the end of a long tetanus) was found to be linearly related to the slow component of tension rise during the stretch ramp. 3. The fibres were released to shorten against a very small load at different times after stretch (load clamp). The shortening records derived after a preceding stretch exhibited a larger and steeper initial transient than that recorded in an isometric tetanus without stretch. The excess length change (LS; nanometres per half‐sarcomere) recorded during the initial transient increased with the amplitude of stretch and was linearly related to the force enhancement produced by the stretch (FE; % of maximum tetanic tension) according to the following regression: LS = 0.200 FE + 8.65 (P < 0.001). The length changes recorded from the whole fibre agreed well with measurements from individual segments. 4. Slack‐test measurements confirmed the existence of a large initial transient phase when the fibre was released to shorten after a preceding stretch. The excess length change determined from the slack tests agreed closely with the values derived from load‐clamp recordings. 5. The results support the view that stretching a muscle fibre during tetanus leads to strain of elastic elements and, presumably, to variation of filament overlap due to non‐uniform distribution of the length change within the fibre volume. Regions with greater filament overlap are likely to generate the long‐lasting extra force referred to as ‘residual force enhancement after stretch’. The elastic elements recruited during stretch can be presumed to play an essential part in this process by supporting regions in which the filament overlap has been reduced during the stretch ramp. Recoil of these elastic elements is responsible for the excess length change that is recorded during the initial transient after release as described under point 3.
Phytochemical and pharmacological activities of Solanum surattense Burm. f.–A review

Medicinal plants are unique in having the ability to produce diverse chemical compounds with remarkable biological activities. Investigations of medicinal plants resulted in the discovery of a large number of bioactive compounds with excellent therapeutic properties. Solanum surattense, a perennial wild growing medicinal herb, is widely used in the traditional medicine. Exhaustive literature availability reveals the presence of phytochemical compounds from different plant parts like roots, stem, leaves, fruits, and seeds reported to possess a wide range of pharmacological activities like hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antiasthmatic and mosquito repellents properties. Intensive investigation on phytochemical constituents resulted in isolation of alkaloid and steroidal compounds solasonoine, solamargine, campesterol, and diosgenin. Evaluation of therapeutic activity of isolated compounds proved as potent ones with reference to the standard. Current literature on the pharmacological activity of S. surattense confirms the scientific validation of folklore claims and its traditional use to cure various ailments. Present review is undertaken to summarize all the available information on pharmacological activities, which provide a baseline support for further exploration of its unexplored therapeutic effects like immunomodulation, antipiles activity, antianaphylactic activity, and sexual behavior claimed by folklore.
Driver Behavior Detection Techniques : A survey

Driver behavior considered an important factor in vehicledriver-environment system. Real driving monitoring system has a big role in increasing driving safety. Several factors effect on the behavior of the driver like the fatigue, distraction, experience, environment condition, vehicle condition, and so on. Improper driver behavior will lead to increase the probability of accidents occurring. So detecting driver behavior is one of interested research area. By identifying and distinguishing between normal driving and aggressive driving, driving monitoring system alert the driver about his dangerous driving. The driver can enhance his driving style and decrease accident occurring probability. The important factor in driving monitoring system is the accuracy of it. Different techniques have been used to identify driver behavior based on the objectives of each system. Sensors are the key factor of driving monitoring systems. In this paper, we discuss several methods which have been proposed for detecting driver behavior and identify the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Keyword: aggressive, behavior, driver, dangerous, detection, monitoring, sensors, systems.
The Landscape of long non-coding RNA classification

Advances in the depth and quality of transcriptome sequencing have revealed many new classes of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). lncRNA classification has mushroomed to accommodate these new findings, even though the real dimensions and complexity of the non-coding transcriptome remain unknown. Although evidence of functionality of specific lncRNAs continues to accumulate, conflicting, confusing, and overlapping terminology has fostered ambiguity and lack of clarity in the field in general. The lack of fundamental conceptual un-ambiguous classification framework results in a number of challenges in the annotation and interpretation of non-coding transcriptome data. It also might undermine integration of the new genomic methods and datasets in an effort to unravel function of lncRNA. Here, we review existing lncRNA classifications, nomenclature, and terminology. Then we describe the conceptual guidelines that have emerged for their classification and functional annotation based on expanding and more comprehensive use of large systems biology-based datasets. The non-coding RNA universe The classic view of the transcriptome landscape and its mRNA-centric paradigm for transcript annotation has undergone a fundamental change [1, 2]. The ENCODE project estimates that (mostly non-coding) transcripts cover 62–75% of our genome [3], and © 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Correspondence to: C. W. , cwahlestedt@med.miami. edu, P. K. , philippk08@hotmail.com. Online linking. FANTOM Consortium: http://fantom.gsc. riken.jp/ ENCODE Consortium: http://www.genome. gov/encode/ St. Laurent Institute: http://www.stlaurentinstitute. com/ Database of RNA modifications: http://mods.rna. albany.edu/ NIH Roadmap Epigenomics project: http://www.roadmapepigenomics. org/ Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. HHS Public Access Author manuscript Trends Genet. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2016 May 01. Published in final edited form as: Trends Genet. 2015 May ; 31(5): 239–251. doi:10.1016/j.tig. 2015.03. 007. A uhor M anscript
OVERPROTECTION AND ADOLESCENTS WITH PHYISICAL DISABILITIES

Centre for Education and Rehabilitation of Physically Handicapped Children and Adolescents Kamnik, Slovenia UDK: 376.2-053.6 Резиме Abstract Овој туд се осврнува на ефектите од претераната заштита при грижата и развојот на децата со физичка попреченост. Фокусот е на професионалната работа на лицата што се грижат за младите луѓе со физичка попреченост. Децата со физичка попреченост се помалку мобилни и им треба поголема заштита. Сè додека тоа е објективна заштита од вистински опасности, кои детето во извесна фаза на развојот не може само да ги надмине, реакцијата е соодветна, но во случаи кога ситуацијата е нереална опасност и детето може само да се справи со неа, а родителите или други го заштитуваат со забрана на извесна активност или самите ја изведуваат наместо него, реакцијата е несоодветна. Таквите несоодветни реакции се наречени претерана заштита. Претераната заштита е важна во развојниот процес на одделување и индивидуализација. Заради претераната заштита одделувањето и индивидуализацијата ќе бидат опструирани, а со тоа и градењето на идентитетот, независноста и автономијата. Констатирано е дека младите луѓе со физичка попреченост се претерано заштитени споредено со здравите млади луѓе. Во грижата за младите луѓе со физичка попреченост независноста и автономијата се поставуваат како главни цели, така што професионалните луѓе во институциите за згрижување мора да се однесуваат заштитнички, но не претерано заштитнички, ако сакаат да ги постигнат тие цели. The article deals with the effects of overprotection on the care and development of children with physical disabilities. The focus is on the professional work of carers caring for young people with physical disabilities. Children with physical disabilities are less mobile and need more protection. As long as this is objective protection against real dangers, which the child in a certain stage of development cannot overcome himself, the reaction is suitable, but in cases where the situation is unreal danger and the child is capable of dealing with it himself but parents or other protect the child by prohibiting a certain activity or perform it themselves instead of him, the reaction is unsuitable. Such unsuitable reactions are called overprotection. Overprotection is very important in the development process of separation and individualisation. Because of overprotection the separation and individualisation will be thwarted and with this the building of identity, independency and autonomy. It was found that young people with physical disabilities are more overprotected than healthy young people. In caring for young people with physical disabilities independence and autonomy are made the central goals, so professional carers in care institutions must be protective but not overprotective, if they want to achieve these goals.
VERSUS PRECISION : THE CHANGING ROLE OF TERMINOLOGY IN CONFERENCE DIPLOMACY

I n the classic inventory of the prerequisites of the ideal diplomat as set out by Harold Nicolson, precision ranks second only to truthfulness. Yet further down the list the virtues of diplomatic ambiguity or diplomatic understatement are also extolled. How are these two seeming opposites to be reconciled? In common parlance the skill of finding formulations which avoid giving offence and are at the same time acceptable to all sides is treated with justifiable respect and often referred to as a “diplomatic” form of expression. This usage probably reflects an accurate perception of language and diplomacy down the years. In conference diplomacy, the successful diplomat engaged in the negotiation of texts will often strive to persuade his interlocutors to reach agreement on a form of words which combines precision with ambiguity. The two can be brought together in the same paragraph or longer text, more rarely in the same sentence. The precision will as a rule serve the purposes of his own side in stipulating claims or limits to commitments; the sought-for ambiguity will serve to allay anxieties on either side or to secure a margin for subsequent interpretation. As conference diplomacy has steadily gained in importance, the terminology that it employs has evolved, sometimes reflecting the simultaneous pursuit of both precision and ambiguity. The reflections which follow represent a preliminary discussion of why this may be so. A full examination of the question would benefit from the extensive analysis of the texts of selected agreements by means, inter alia, of such innovative tools of textual and contextual analysis as DiploAnalytica. “The question is” said Alice “whether you can make words mean different things. ” “The question is” said Humpty Dumpty “which is to be the master—that’s all. ” Lewis Carroll, Through the Looking Glass
SECLAF: A Webserver and Deep Neural Network Design Tool for Biological Sequence Classification

Artificial intelligence (AI) tools are gaining more and more ground each year in bioinformatics. Learning algorithms can be taught easily by using the existing enormous biological databases, and the resulting models can be used for the high-quality classification of novel, un-categorized data in numerous areas, including biological sequence analysis. Here we introduce SECLAF, an artificial neural-net based biological sequence classifier framework, which uses the Tensorflow library of Google, Inc. By applying SECLAF for residue-sequences, we have reported (Methods (2017), this https URL) the most accurate multi-label protein classifier to date (UniProt --into 698 classes-- AUC 99.99\%; Gene Ontology --into 983 classes-- AUC 99.45\%). Our framework SECLAF can be applied for other sequence classification tasks, as we describe in the present contribution. Availability and implementation: The program SECLAF is implemented in Python, and is available for download, with example datasets at the website this https URL. For Gene Ontology and UniProt based classifications a webserver is also available at the address above.
Autonomic arousals related to traffic noise during sleep.

AIM To analyze the heart rate (HR) response to traffic noise during sleep and the influence of acoustic parameters, time of night, and momentary sleep stage on these responses. PARTICIPANTS Twelve women and 12 men (19-28 years). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS The participants slept in the laboratory for 4 consecutive nights in each of 3 consecutive weeks and were exposed to aircraft, road, or rail traffic noise with weekly permutations. The 4 nights of each week consisted of a random sequence of a quiet night (32 dBA) and 3 nights during which aircraft, rail traffic, or road traffic noises occurred with maximum levels of 45-77 dBA. The polysomnogram and the electrocardiogram were recorded during all nights. In case of awakenings, the HR alterations consisted of monophasic elevations for >1 min, with mean maximum HR elevations of 30 bpm. Though obviously triggered by the noise events, the awakenings per se rather than the acoustical parameters determined the extent and pattern of the response. Without awakenings, HR responses were biphasic and consisted of initial accelerations with maximum HR elevations of about 9 bpm followed by decelerations below the baseline. These alterations were clearly influenced by the acoustic parameters (traffic mode, maximum level, rate of rise) as well as by the momentary sleep stage. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac responses did not habituate to traffic noise within the night and may therefore play a key role in promoting traffic noise induced cardiovascular disease. If so, these consequences are more likely for responses accompanied by awakenings than for situations without awakenings.
Interaction of elicitor‐induced DNA‐binding proteins with elicitor response elements in the promoters of parsley PR1 genes.

PR1 is a pathogenesis‐related protein encoded in the parsley genome by a family of three genes (PR1–1, PR1–2 and PR1–3). Loss‐ and gain‐of‐function experiments in a transient expression system demonstrated the presence of two fungal elicitor responsive elements in each of the PR1–1 and PR1–2 promoters. These elements, W1, W2 and W3, contain the sequence (T)TGAC(C) and mutations that disrupt this sequence abolish function. Gel shift experiments demonstrated that W1, W2 and W3 are bound specifically by similar nuclear proteins. Three cDNA clones encoding sequence‐specific DNA‐binding proteins were isolated by South‐Western screening and these proteins, designated WRKY1, 2 and 3, also bind specifically to W1, W2 and W3. WRKY1, 2 and 3 are members of the family of sequence‐specific DNA‐binding proteins, which we call the WRKY family. Treatment of parsley cells with the specific oligopeptide elicitor Pep25 induced a transient and extremely rapid increase in mRNA levels of WRKY1 and 3. WRKY2 mRNA levels in contrast showed a concomitant transient decrease. These rapid changes in WRKY mRNA levels in response to a defined signal molecule suggest that WRKY1, 2 and 3 play a key role in a signal transduction pathway that leads from elicitor perception to PR1 gene activation.
A 12-week extension study to assess the safety and tolerability of naloxegol in patients with noncancer pain and opioid-induced constipation.

OBJECTIVE To compare the long-term safety and tolerability of naloxegol with placebo in patients with opioid-induced constipation (OIC) and noncancer pain. DESIGN Twelve-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group phase 3 extension study (KODIAC-07, NCT01395524). SETTING Clinical investigation centers in the United States. PATIENTS Adult outpatients (N = 302) with confirmed OIC who had completed a 12-week pivotal phase 3 study (KODIAC-04, NCT01309841). INTERVENTIONS Daily oral administration of naloxegol (12.5 and 25 mg) or placebo. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Adverse events (AEs), including treatment-related AEs, serious AEs, and AEs of special interest; changes from baseline to week 12 in pain scores, daily opioid dose, and symptoms and quality-of-life measurements. RESULTS No important new AEs occurred during this extension study compared with KODIAC-04. AEs occurred more frequently with naloxegol 25 mg (41.2 percent) versus naloxegol 12.5 mg (34.0 percent) and placebo (33.0 percent). Treatment-emergent AEs occurring in >5 percent of patients in either naloxegol group during the treatment period were arthralgia (25 mg; 5.2 percent) and diarrhea (12.5 mg; 5.3 percent); two reported AEs attributable to opioid withdrawal syndrome in naloxegol groups were deemed unrelated to study medication. None of the gastrointestinal serious AEs was adjudicated as bowel perforation; one patient (naloxegol 12.5 mg) had an event adjudicated as a major cardiovascular event and was unrelated to study medication. Pain scores and daily opioid dose were unchanged, and improvements in symptoms and quality-of-life observed in KODIAC-04 were maintained throughout the extension study. CONCLUSION Naloxegol was generally safe and well tolerated in this 12-week extension study in patients with noncancer pain and OIC.
Determinants of self-rated health by patients aged above 80 suffering from coronary artery disease

Introduction. Coronary artery disease, due to its prevalence and atypical symptoms in older people, exerts a significant impact on self-rated health. Aim. The aim of the study was to determine the role and importance of health and non-health determinants in the self-assessment of health status in men and women with coronary artery disease aged above 80. Material and methods. The study group comprised 150 patients with coronary artery disease. The structured questionnaire included sociodemographic characteristics of respondents, Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) functional classification of coronary artery disease, EASY-Care questionnaire, and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results. In CCS functional classification of coronary artery disease it was observed that CCS grade IV occurred more often in women than in men (33% vs. 26.7%), over a half of the studied men experienced CCS grade III (56.7%). Disability increased with the progression of coronary artery disease according to CCS, in women with regard to preparing meals, shopping, drug ingestion, moving around home and outside, taking stairs, managing a bathtub/shower, and in men in drug ingestion, moving around home and outside, transferring from a bed to an armchair, using toilet/commode. Self-rated health status among women was significantly related to functional disability, cognitive functions disorders, depression, reduced ability to speak, and in men to hearing disorders. Housing structure was found to be a significant determinant of self-rated health for both sexes. Conclusions. Different determinants for self-rated health were found across genders, thus different approach in the planning of social and health care should be considered for men and women. (Gerontol Pol 2016, 24, 227-234)
Leadership and Satisfaction in Tennis: Examination of Congruence, Gender, and Ability

Abstract The study investigated: (a) the congruency hypothesis, and (b) the member characteristics hypotheses relating to ability and gender, of Chelladurai's (1978) Multidimensional Model of Leadership. One hundred forty-eight tennis players (77 women) competing at the NCAA Division I and II Tennis Championship level participated in the study. Results indicated athlete satisfaction (Athlete Satisfaction Scale; Riemer & Chelladurai, 1998) was not dependent on the congruence between preferred and perceived leadership behavior. Other results indicated that an athlete's level of ability did affect preferences for leadership behavior. Further, while athlete gender was responsible for some variance in preferences for autocratic behavior and positive feedback behavior, the gender of the athlete's coach had a significant effect on the athlete's preferences for social support behavior.
Acoustic Correlates of English Rhythmic Patterns for American versus Japanese Speakers

Abstract This study investigates acoustic correlates of English rhythmic patterns for 20 American English speakers (AS) and 42 Japanese learners of English (JS). The results indicate that for AS in an English sentence where monosyllabic content and function words alternate, the vowels in content words are over twice as long as those in function words, resulting in alternating long-short vowels. In contrast, the JS show no stress-related duration control and realize a similar rhythmic pattern mostly through recursive high-low fundamental frequency (F0). In a sentence with a sequence of content words in which 4 stressed syllables occur successively, the AS show recursion of strong-weak syllables by means of F0, intensity and first formant, whereas JS show inconsistent stress patterns. These results indicate that the AS apply different strategies for implementing rhythmic alternation depending on sentence stress patterns, and these strategies are different from those of JS. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
Direct Information Reweighted by Contact Templates: Improved RNA Contact Prediction by Combining Structural Features

It is acknowledged that co-evolutionary nucleotide-nucleotide interactions are essential for RNA structures and functions. Currently, direct coupling analysis (DCA) infers nucleotide contacts in a sequence from its homologous sequence alignment across different species. DCA and similar approaches that use sequence information alone usually yield a low accuracy, especially when the available homologous sequences are limited. Here we present a new method that incorporates a Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) to augment the information on sequence co-variations with structural patterns in contact inference. We thus name our method DIRECT that stands for Direct Information REweighted by Contact Templates. Benchmark tests demonstrate that DIRECT produces a substantial enhancement of 13% in accuracy on average for contact prediction in comparison to the traditional DCA. These results suggest that DIRECT could be used for improving predictions of RNA tertiary structures and functions. The source codes and dataset of DIRECT are available at http:// this http URL