Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modelling Geomorphic Systems: Numerical Modelling

Numerical models seek to represent the interaction between landscape forms and processes through mathematical equations. By integrating these equations over space and time, numerical models have allowed geomorphologists to extend enquiry beyond observation alone, and explore landscape dynamics over a range of temporal and spatial scales. Choosing the correct temporal and spatial scale of investigation, the correct processes that control landscape form at these scales, and then converting this conceptual model to a mathematical representation of these process-form interactions is not straightforward. The decision requires careful consideration of process dominance and scale, the ability of equations to parameterise these processes, computational resources, and data availability to constrain model parameters and evaluate model performance. These issues shall be considered in general terms, and illustrated mainly with reference to catchment systems. Finally, numerical modelling of geomorphic systems is considered from a Bayesian perspective to provide a conceptual grounding for the development and application of numerical models, and therefore for their role in geomorphic enquiry.
Influence of topography on temperature variations in the tropical tropopause layer

Temperature variations in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) play an important role in dehydration in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Equatorial Kelvin waves associated with the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) are known to induce remarkable temperature variations in the TTL. In this study, the influence of topography on temperature variations in the TTL is investigated by using radiosonde data, satellite data, reanalysis data, and numerically simulated data. When MJO convection passes over the radiosonde sites, temperature variations near mountainous regions are larger than those measured in regions of lower elevation. The difference in temperature amplitude reaches ~1–2 K. Large temperature variations over mountainous regions were also found in other data sets. Numerically simulated data from the Nonhydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM) are also used to investigate the temperature variations in the TTL. The results show that the temperature variations associated with Kelvin waves become large over mountainous regions. A sensitivity test using the stretched version of NICAM gave two important results: (i) the height of mountains affects the magnitude of the temperature variations in the TTL, and (ii) the terrain‐following coordinate system used in the model produces the artificially high‐temperature variation in the TTL. When Kelvin waves pass over mountainous regions, topographic gravity waves are excited and superimposed on the Kelvin waves, thereby producing large temperature variations over these regions. The mountainous region of the Indonesian Maritime Continent is a favorable location for large temperature variations in the TTL.
Design and Analysis of an Ultra–Wideband Band–Notched Band–Pass Filter

Abstract In this paper it is intended to design an ultra-wideband band-pass filter, using new models of coupled transmission lines. In this paper, by providing a new model of resonators, the bandwidth of band-pass filters (which are one of the most crucial elements in communication systems) will be moderately increased, while their size and volume decreases. In addition to the increase in bandwidth in these filters, due to the increasing usage of new satellite communication systems, the frequency response of these filters will be developed to utilize notch in the pass band, and an ultra-wideband band-pass filter with notch will be designed and analyzed.
The Economics of Sovereign Defaults

This article discusses the economics of sovereign defaults, summarizing lessons from existing work on this issue. In particular, the article describes the costs associated with a sovereign default episode, identifies circumstances that are likely to lead to a default, and discusses how understanding sovereign defaults may help to account for distinctive economic features of emerging economies.
Liquidity management by effective debt collection: a statistical analysis in a small industrial enterprise

The financial viability of small companies depends on their ability to meet sales demands and collect receivables from the sales of goods and provision of services. The efficiency of debt recovery plays the fundamental role in determining the liquidity of a small business. Shortages of cash in the company are rarely subsidised not from external sources but most often from the owner’s own funds that such shortages are made up, including the amounts previously accumulated as a result of the so-called excess liquidity. The main purpose of the article is the hypothesis that application of statistical analysis in liquidity management can be a useful tool in effective debt collection in an enterprise.We looked at the monthly or short-term liquidity of a small business and its impact on the defined performance metrics of debt collection. The analytical tool is a dynamic econometric model that describes the impact of the efficiency of recovery for liquidity in small business.
Pharmacokinetics of a long-acting formulation of azithromycin in pigs.

Received: Revised: Accepted: February 27, 2014 July 03, 2014 July 08, 2014 The pharmacokinetics (PK) of a long acting 20% solution of azithromycin (AZ-LA) in pigs after a single peri-caudal injection at 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight was determined, using an aqueous formulation of the drug administered IV as reference, HPLC was used as analytical method. Cmax was 1.4 and 2.5 μg/mL, and Tmax was 3.1 and 3.4 h, respectively for 10 and 20 mg/kg. Both preparations had 99.5% purity. Values for MRT were longer in the 10 mg/kg dose group (18.2 h) as compared to the 20 mg/kg group (16.5 h). Yet T1⁄2β was comparable between both dose levels (8.5 h vs. 7.2 h, for 10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively). No linear increments linked to dose were found in variables such as relative bioavailability, Cmax and apparent volume of distribution. Values for relative bioavailability (Fr) of the higher dose as compared to the lower were 86.81% and absolute bioavailability (F) was 110.5 for the lower dose and 115.9% for the higher. Best PK/PD ratios for clinical efficacy of azithromycin describe this antibacterial drug as time-dependent. Considering pig’s serum concentrations of the AZ-LA preparation here studied after its peri-caudal injection and based on a theoretical minimal therapeutic concentration in plasma of 0.1 μg/mL based on bacteriological testing, a doseinterval of up to 48 h can be achieved. The suitability of this preparation to treat pig respiratory diseases is addressed. ©2014 PVJ. All rights reserved
Finite element simulation on damage and fracture properties of a ring cut from filament-wound pipes with and without delamination

The technological advances in various industries have increased the demands on new engineered material tremendously since conventional materials such as steel, failed to perform in severe conditions. Nowadays, composite materials especially fibre-reinforced plastic composites (FRP) are broadly being used in many engineering fields to manufacture critical components with high stress concentration, exposure to extreme surrounding or weight constraint. However, they often suffer from a characteristic weakness, i.e. they are prone to interlaminar damage, often in a form delamination. In order to assess the development and the consequences of such damage, interlaminar fracture properties are essential. In this study, the ring cut specimen from filament-wound pipes with and without delamination was modelled and simulated based on experimental work using finite element modelling to further assist the identification and determination of the fracture properties. Investigation also involves the effect of the delamination length to the Energy Release Rate, G. Comparison between 23mm delamination of simulation and experimental results from [7] is presented.
Microwave Signal Attenuation Due to Fog in Indian Semi-Desert Terrain

Radio links operating in semi-desert region are expected to operate under harsh climatic conditions. Line-of-sight (LOS) attenuation at 35GHz was measured at Bikaner ( N73o19' E28o1' ) for fog (Nov'12-Feb'14). The measurement was made with the intent of highlighting microwave signal attenuation in Harmattan weather conditions. The results are presented in terms of mean signal level and fog attenuation. The observed attenuation values due to Harmattan (fog) and the calculated (using Altshuler's model) are in fairly good agreement. This shows that microwave LOS link in this region and regions with similar climatic characteristics are prone to signal degradation as well as fading in the Harmattan season. Fog is one of the factors which affect the reliability of the radio link in semi-desert terrain during winters. At millimeter wavelengths, fog attenuation is a function of the fog density, extent, index of refraction of the fog medium, and wavelength. The attenuation is usually determined by first estimating the index of refraction of water for the wavelength and temperature of interest and then calculating the attenuation using the Rayleigh approximation. In this communication fog attenuation is computed for a large set of wavelengths and indices of refraction. In this paper a case study has been carried out to as certain signal attenuation in radio relay link due to fog in Indian semi-desert terrain. The radio meteorological data was obtained during winter season to study phenomenon of fog attenuation on the radio relay link.
The Politics of Plasticity. Sex and Gender in the 21st Century Brain

The Politics of Plasticity examines how sex and gender are imag(in)ed in the 21st century brain. At the beginning of this century, the idea that the brain is plastic (i.e. that its structure and function change throughout life) began to replace the idea that adult brains are fixed. The claim that sex differences are hardwired into the brain, however, is still frequently endorsed. Building on feminist critiques of this claim, this dissertation argues that plasticity offers a critical alternative perspective on how sex/gender comes to matter in the brain – a perspective that takes into account both discursive formation and bodily materiality. This study also investigates to what extent plasticity has already been incorporated into scientific, political and popular representations of sex/gender and the brain, and to what extent these representations subvert, transform and/or preserve familiar gender norms. Examples from education, parenting, and mental healthcare demonstrate that in the 21st century brain, plasticity is generally recognized as a property of male and female brains. Brain sex itself, however, continues to be seen as a natural essence that remains fixed throughout life. This fusion of determinism and plasticity, it is argued in this thesis, gives rise to a neoliberal, post-feminist subject who is bound by her sex, yet free (responsible, even) to pursue her supposedly limitless potential. The analysis presented here suggests that (re)thinking the sexed/gendered subject as a neuroplastic subject might foster norms, values and subjectivities that are antithetical to a critical feminist perspective.
NGA Ground Motion Model for the Geometric Mean Horizontal Component of PGA, PGV, PGD and 5% Damped Linear Elastic Response Spectra for Periods Ranging from 0.01 to 10 s

We present a new empirical ground motion model for PGA, PGV, PGD and 5% damped linear elastic response spectra for periods ranging from 0.01–10 s. The model was developed as part of the PEER Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) project. We used a subset of the PEER NGA database for which we excluded recordings and earthquakes that were believed to be inappropriate for estimating free-field ground motions from shallow earthquake mainshocks in active tectonic regimes. We developed relations for both the median and standard deviation of the geometric mean horizontal component of ground motion that we consider to be valid for magnitudes ranging from 4.0 up to 7.5–8.5 (depending on fault mechanism) and distances ranging from 0–200 km. The model explicitly includes the effects of magnitude saturation, magnitude-dependent attenuation, style of faulting, rupture depth, hanging-wall geometry, linear and nonlinear site response, 3-D basin response, and inter-event and intra-event variability. Soil nonlinearity causes the intra-event standard deviation to depend on the amplitude of PGA on reference rock rather than on magnitude, which leads to a decrease in aleatory uncertainty at high levels of ground shaking for sites located on soil.
Not All Transitions Are Equal: The Relationship Between Effects on Passing Steps in a Sequential Process and Effects on the Final Outcome

This article deals with a model for describing a sequence of events, for example, education is typically attained by a set of transitions from one level of education to the next. In particular, this article tries to reconcile measures describing the effect of a variable on each of these transitions, with measures describing the effect of this variable on the final outcome of that process. Such a relationship has been known to exist within a sequential logit model, but it has hardly been used in empirical research mainly because of an absence of a practical way of giving it a substantive interpretation. This article tries to provide such an interpretation by showing that the effect on the final outcome is a weighted sum of the effects on each transition, such that a transition gets more weight if more people are at risk of passing that transition, passing the transition is more differentiating, and people gain more from passing.
The Effect of Low Glycemic Index Bread Eaten with Different Fillings on Blood Glucose Response in Healthy Individuals (Kesan Pengambilan Roti Indeks Glisemik Rendah dengan Pelbagai Inti ke Atas Aras Glukosa Darah di Kalangan Individu Sihat)

White and whole meal breads have been classified as high glycemic index (GI) foods which in turn produce the greatest rise in blood glucose. One of the commercial bread products in Malaysia known as Brown breads (BB) has been recently marketed as a healthy choice for diabetics due to its low GI value. This study was conducted to examine the effect of BB when eaten with different fillings on blood glucose response among healthy individuals and to describe the influences of these fillings in reducing blood glucose response. Five test meals using BB (BB eaten with baked beans, BB eaten with vegetable, BB eaten with apple, BB eaten with roast chicken and BB eaten with seaweeds) had been prepared for this study. Postprandial blood glucose response was determined for each test meal and reference food (glucose) that contained 50 g carbohydrate respectively. A total of 21 healthy subjects were recruited by advertisement to participate. Only 20 subjects (15 males, 5 females, Mean + SD Age : 24.4 + 3.7 years; BMI 23.4 + 3.0 kgm -2 ) completed this study. After an overnight fast, subjects consumed BB eaten with fillings according to the assigned group given and three repeated tests of reference food (glucose). Fasting capillary blood glucose samples were taken at time 0 and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min respectively after the meal began. The blood glucose response was obtained by calculating the incremental area under the curve (AUC). Blood glucose response after consuming reference food (251.8 + 12.1 mmol.min/L) was significantly higher than all the test meals (p < 0.05). Among the test meals, BB eaten with baked beans produced the highest rise in blood glucose (97.0 + 16.9 mmol.min/L) whereas BB eaten with seaweeds demonstrated the lowest response in blood glucose (33.3 + 6.5 mmol.min/L) and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The postprandial blood glucose response after ingestion of BB when eaten with vegetable was 73.3 + 19.1 mmol.min/L followed by BB eaten with apple (58.9
Component-Based System for Designing Power Supply of no Expert Knowledge Required

This paper introduces the Component based architecture (CBA) employed in a software to design the switching mode power supply (SMPS). Theoretically, there is a unique mapping between a real converter and its behavior. Based on a known circuit topology, the proper design is underlining in the combination of components and its physical configuration. Neither abstract electrical model nor domain knowledge is expected from the user. Besides, this architecture turns optimizing the abstract parameters into component selection.
Headache: The Patient’s View

Introduction In the diagnosis and management of patients, doctors are asked to respect four principles, to:provide patients with informed choice (autonomy), cause no harm (non-malificence), do good (beneficence), and promote justice, which includes fair, cost-effective allocation of scarce resources [1]. The last principle is salient in most western countries where health care is funded as a public service. Guidelines for physicians tend to focus on management with medicines [2]. How to apply the principles to decisions like investigation and referral to specialists is under-investigated and challenging, particularly for doctors presented with headache. Because of concerns about poor use of resources, we undertook a prospective study of a cohort of people consulting FPs for headache, and compared them to a cohort referred to neurologists [11]. We found no differences on any measures of headache severity, impact or disability between patients managed by FPs and those they referred to neurologists. However, patients who were referred were more anxious about their headache symptoms and consulted more frequently [11]. Using qualitative methods, we found FPs felt pressured by patients to refer, particularly for scanning, to rule out a brain tumor [12].
Research on the Relationship Between Strategic Human Resource Management and Organizational Performance Based on Contingency Mode

At present, there are three modes studying on the relationship between strategic human resource management and organizational performance. These modes are universality mode, form mode and contingency mode. The paper firstly analyses on the characteristics of these three modes. And then, it infers the need for the use of contingency mode studying on the relationship between strategic human resource management and organizational performance. Secondly, it measures the standard of the organizational performance. At last, the paper takes the qualitative research method to study on the relationship between strategic human resource management and organizational performance, what factors influence on the relationship between the two, and the mediating variables and how to influence the process. It tries to provide a basis for subsequent research.
The seven great debates in the media literacy movement

In recent years, there has been an explosion of educational practices and curriculum resource materials that make use of the broad concept of media literacy. Media literacy has been defined as the ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and communicate messages in a wide variety of forms (Aufderheide, 1993). It is a term used by a growing number of scholars and educators to refer to the process of critically analyzing and learning to create one’s own messages in print, audio, video, and multimedia. Its emphasis is on the learning and teaching of these skills through using mass media texts in primarily school-based contexts (Alvarado, Gutch, & Wollen, 1987; Brown, 1991; Hobbs, 1994a; Piette, 1997). Media literacy, though, is a concept whose broad definition and range of applications lead to diverse approaches, creating some intriguing conflicts and tensions. Tyner (1992) has drawn parallels between the emerging media literacy movement in the United States and the parable of the blind men and the elephant, each of whom senses a tiny part of the whole. Educators and scholars with disciplinary backgrounds in media studies, the fine and performing arts, history, psychology and sociology, education, and literary analysis each may vigorously defend one’s own understanding of what it means to access, analyze, evaluate, or create media texts without a full awareness of the extent of the complexity, depth, or integrity of various other approaches. Illustrating the antagonism generated by this diversity, at the founding convention of the Cultural Environment Movement in St. Louis in April 1996, Bob McCannon, a leader of the New Mexico Media Literacy Project, noted that, “Whenever media literacy educators get together, they always circle the wagons—and shoot in! ” Does the wide diversity of perspectives among educators serve as a source of strength for the emerging media literacy movement, or does it suggest the essentially problematic nature of recent attempts to define and implement such an expansive and unstable concept as media literacy? The tensions that are generated when media educators come together may limit the ability of educators to collaborate on projects of significant national or
LINKING AN INTEGRATED APPROACH OF EMPOWERMENT TO EMPLOYEE CREATIVITY

Nowadays, considerable attention has been paid to employee creativity in organizations. Therefore, much studies have proposed various approaches to motivate employee creativity in organization. Accordingly, we will conduct a review of different empowerment approaches and employee creativity literature in organizations. The present paper offers insight on how different theories of leadership and empowerment can influence creativity of employees. The paper will start framing different approaches of empowerment. Specifically, empowering leadership, empowerment climate, psychological empowerment. This synthesize of various theories of empowerment has been depicted in an integrated approach of empowerment model. This model describes the mechanism for empowering leadership, empowerment climate and psychological empowerment and their influence on employee creativity.
Multimode VCSEL Thermal and Spatial Model

We present a VCSEL model that addresses the spatial dependence and thermal behavior of VCSELs based on multimode rate equations without sacrificing the numerical efficiency demanded by the circuit-level simulation of optoelectronic systems. The model is more comprehensive and parameters are easier to determine. The equivalent circuit of the model and expressions of circuit elements are given. It is implemented into SPICE-like simulators to simulate the dc, ac and transient features of VCSELs. The simulated results exhibit good agreements with references. Streszczenie. Zaprezentowano model lasera typu VCSEL (vertical cavity surface emitting laser). Analizowano wlaściwości przestrzenne i termiczne. Zaproponowano schemat zastepczy modelu i przeprowadzono symulacje. (Termiczny i przestrzenny model lasera typu VCSEL)