Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Relative Humidity on Carbon Isotope Fractionation in Plants

Four C3 plants and a C4 plant were grown from seeds at four levels (30, 45, 60, and 75 %) of relative humidity. All plants were subjected to a 16 h day, at 500 μE/m2.s−1 photon flux density. Mature leaves were analyzed for their carbon isotopic composition. Isotope fractionation decreased by up to 3 ‰ with decreasing relative humidity in all C3 plants, while the opposite trend was observed in the C4 plant. The observed shifts in both C3 and C4 plants are attributed to decreased stomatal conductance at low relative humidity, resulting in a smaller Pi.
Elaboration of Self-Assembled Monolayers of n-Alkanethiols on Nickel Polycrystalline Substrates: Time, Concentration, and Solvent Effects

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of n-alkanethiols on mechanically polished polycrystalline nickel substrates are presented. The effects of several preparation conditions of the surface upon the metal/sulfur bonds and monolayer properties are evidenced. Of particular importance are the electrochemical reduction of the native oxide, the thiol concentration (10-3 versus 10-1 M), and the nature of the solvent (ethanol, acetonitrile, n-heptane, toluene, and carbon tetrachloride).
Molekulare Wirkmechanismen der Bisphosphonate: Osteoklasten im Fadenkreuz

Bisphosphonate sind synthetische Substanzen, die eine P—C—P-Bindung aufweisen und schon lange in der Industrie und in anderen Gebieten als Wasserentharter bekannt waren. Sie binden an Calciumphosphatkristalle und haben somit eine hohe Affinitat zu Knochenmaterial. In vivo hemmen sie, wenn sie in groseren Mengen gegeben werden, die ektopische und normale Mineralisation. Diese Wirkung ist bedingt durch ihre Fahigkeit, die Calciumphosphatkristall-Bildung zu hemmen. Ferner hemmen sie, schon in sehr niedrigen Dosen, auch die Knochenzerstorung. Der zellulare Effekt besteht darin, dass einerseits die Bildung und die Aktivitat der Osteoklasten gehemmt und andererseits ihre Lebensdauer verkurzt wird. Der molekulare Mechanismus hangt von der Struktur der Bisphosphonate ab. Stickstoff-freie Bisphosphonate bilden aufgrund ihrer Ahnlichkeit mit Pyrophosphat nichthydrolysierbare zytotoxische ATP-Analoga, wahrend die aktiveren, Stickstoff enthaltenden Bisphosphonate den Mevalonatstoffwechsel durch spezifische Inhibition der Farnesylpyrophosphat-Synthase hemmen. Dies fuhrt zur Reduktion von Geranylgeranylpyrophosphat, das fur die Osteoklasten lebenswichtig ist.
Infrared spectroscopic investigation of tannins

Infrared spectroscopy is suggested as a diagnostic method for the characterisation and qualitative estimation of the two classes of tannins. Gallic acid, tannic acid and chebulinic acid have been taken as model compounds for the hydrolysable and catechin for the condensed tannins. The former class is marked by the presence of strong absorption maxima at 1710 – 35 cm−1. The two classes have characteristic pattern of absorption, from which it is possible to characterise the particular type of tannin. Die Infrarotspektroskopie wird als Methode zur Charakterisierung und zur qualitativen Bestimmung der beiden Gruppen von Gerbstoffen vorgeschlagen. Gallussaure, Gerbsaure und Chebulinsaure wurden als Modellverbindungen fur die hydrolysierbaren und Catechin fur die kondensierten Gerbstoffe genommen. Die erstgenannte Gruppe ist durch starke Absorptionsmaxima bei 1710 - 35 cm−1 gekennzeichnet. Beide Gruppen zeigen charakteristische Absorptionen, die zur Erkennung des Gerbstofftyps dienen konnen.
Optimisation of the analysis of anti-influenza drugs in wastewater and surface water

We optimised the simultaneous analysis of four analytes, namely three anti-influenza drugs (oseltamivir (OS), zanamivir (ZAN) and amantadine (AMN)) and one metabolite of OS (oseltamivir carboxylate (OC)), in sewage treatment plant (STP) influent and effluent by verifying the types and conditions of solid phase extraction (SPE) appropriate for LC-MS/MS analysis. In summary, these target analytes were extracted from aqueous samples (30–50 mL) by using strong cation-exchange SPE cartridges (500 mg adsorbent) under acidic conditions (pH 3–4). After washing of the cartridges with acidified water (pH 3.0, 3 mL) and methanol (3 mL), the analytes were eluted with a mixed solvent (2 mL) of 10% (v/v) triethylamine in a 1:1 (v/v) mixture of acetone and water. Application of this technique to the target compounds should yield a comprehensive understanding of the occurrence and fate of anti-influenza drugs in the water environment.
The Ligand Effect: CO Desorption from Pt/Ru Catalysts

Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations of the adsorption energy of CO, for a platinum overlayer on Ru(0001), have been performed. For all coverages a significant reduction in the binding energy of up to 0.5 eV has been observed compared to that obtained on Pt(111). In addition, a Steady‐State Isotopic Transient Kinetic Analysis (SSITKA) study has been performed to determine the desorption rate dependence on the partial pressure of CO over commercial Pt/Ru electrocatalysts. As expected, no significant difference in the rate of exchange of CO at any given pressure is observed on going from Pt to Pt/Ru electrocatalysts when the diluted gas used was argon since the CO states will be filled to the same desorption energy for the two catalysts. However on changing the diluent gas to hydrogen, a reduction in the exchange rate for CO is observed clearly reflecting the lower CO binding energy and the increased competition for sites at the surface of the catalyst. The reduction efficiency of the Pt/Ru electrocatalyst was also studied and found to be highly dependent on whether CO or hydrogen was used. These results will be discussed with reference to the anode catalysis of the Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC).
Uso do índice S na determinação da condutividade hidráulica não-saturada de solos do cerrado brasileiro

O emprego de modelos numericos permite determinar a condutividade hidraulica nao-saturada, K(h), de modo mais rapido e a um custo menor que a medicao em campo; para tanto, e necessario o desenvolvimento de modelos cada vez mais acurados. Propos-se, neste trabalho, verificar se o modelo baseado no indice S (declividade da curva caracteristica de retencao da agua do solo em seu ponto de inflexao) e na tensao da agua nesse ponto de inflexao (hi) e adequado para a determinacao da condutividade hidraulica nao-saturada de solos de diferentes classes texturais. O estudo foi realizado sobre 2166 amostras de solo, das quais constavam informacoes sobre textura, condutividade hidraulica saturada e retencao da agua do solo, registradas nos bancos de dados dos Laboratorios de Solo das Embrapa Arroz e Feijao e Embrapa Cerrados, abrangendo solos sob cerrado das regioes CO, N e NE do Brasil. Verificou-se que a condutividade hidraulica nao-saturada no ponto de inflexao da curva de retencao (Ki) pode ser determinada a partir do indice S e de hi, independentemente da textura do solo, e que determinacoes de K(h) feitas com base em Ki apresentaram altas correlacoes com valores medidos. O uso do indice S e de hi na determinacao de K(h) deve ser mais testado para determinar seu poder de predicao.
AMMONIA REMOVAL DURING BIOFILTRATION AS AFFECTED BY INLET AIR TEMPERATURE AND MEDIA MOISTURE CONTENT

Biofiltration is a promising technology for minimizing odor and gas emissions from livestock buildings. A laboratory experiment investigated N accumulation and N transformations to better understand how biofilters remove airborne NH3. Total-N accumulated in the media accounted for only 29% of the N removed by the biofilter after 1160 h. The fate of the remaining N is unknown. Nitric oxide (NO) gas emission accounts for only a small part (<2%) of the difference, and no N was lost via leaching. Microsite denitrification to dinitrogen (N2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), or nitrous oxide (N2O) may explain some of the discrepancy, but further research is needed. An attempt to determine N transformation rates was not successful due to continuous modeled circular N transformations. Despite these unexplained N fates, this experiment showed that biofiltration can effectively remove NH3 levels from exhaust air.
The Role of Leadership Style on Frontline Employees’ Perceived Ethical Climate, Polychronicity and Service Recovery Performance: An Evaluation from Customer Service Development Perspective

This empirical study aims to investigate the influence of leadership styles (transformational and transactional) on frontline employees’ (FLEs) perceived ethical climate, polychronicity, and service recovery performance in a service work setting in Malaysia. A total number of 249 questionnaires were gathered from a sample of full-time frontline hotel employees. The hypothesized relationships were tested using PLS-SEM Path analysis. Results based on the path analysis reveal that transactional leadership had more significant positive impact on ethical climate and service recovery performance. On the other hand, transformational leadership had more significant positive effect on FLEs’ polychronicity. As inconsistent with the study hypothesis, transformational leadership had no significant effect on FLEs’ service recovery performance. Theoretically, the current study by examining the untried effects and relationships such as the effect of leadership styles on polychronicity lends further contribution to the service management literature.
Phase Transitions Wholly within the Liquid State

After a quite brief discussion of the quantal liquids 4He, 3He and H, 'classical' elemental liquids which are treated in turn are C, P, Se and S. Phase boundaries in the (p, T) plane exist for each of these liquids, characterized by a change in local coordination number across these boundaries. Corresponding changes in other physical properties are briefly noted. Finally, following this review of elemental liquids, some liquids with two types of atom are briefly considered, the most important but also the most controversial being water.
International Journal of Food Engineering Development of a Sterilized Mixed Herbal Drink Product

A sterilized mixed herbal drink formula and process was developed for the mixed herbal extracts from Imperata cylindrical (L.) P. Beauv [IC], Murdannia loriformia (Hassk.) Rolla Rao et Kammathy [ML], Hedyotis corymbosa Lamk. [HC] and Orthosiphon aristatus Miq [OA]. Increasing extraction temperature and time decreased the antioxidant activity and increased the total potassium and phenolic compound contents of the herb infusions. Using response surface methodology (RSM), the appropriate extraction condition was 74.6°C for 41 minutes. The most acceptable formula contains a % weight ratio (w/w) of 14:35:27:17of IC: ML: HC: OA infusions to 7% (w/w) sucrose. Decreasing the sterilization temperature and increasing the F0-value reduced the antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds. The appropriate sterilization temperature and F0 were 135°C and 3 minutes.
Field determination of sorptivity as a function of water content using a tension infiltrometer

SUMMARY Sorptivity for tension wetting in the field was determined and weighted-mean diffusivity calculated. Both tension sorptivity and weighted-mean diffusivity could be described by an exponential function of the form aexp(bθ) where θ is either mean water content or dimensionless water content and a and b are parameters. This relation was valid for an initial water content between 0.016 and 0.047 m3 m−3 and a final water content between 0.154 and 0.316 m3 m−3. Tension sorptivity was more strongly correlated with average water content than dimensionless water content. However, in the case of weighted-mean diffusivity, the correlations with both dimensionless water content and average water content were almost the same.
Effect of the Adsorptive Character of Filter Papers on the Concentrations Determined in Studies Involving Heavy Metal Ions

Analytical filter papers are generally made of fibrous cellulose which has the potential to adsorb metal ions. In this study, blue band ashless filter paper was used to demonstrate one of the sources of error in the determination of the concentration of Fe2+, Co2+, Mn2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+ ions. For this purpose, the metal ion content of standard solutions in the 1–100 mg/ℓ concentration range was analysed via FAAS before and after the filtration process. The corresponding results and the calculated percentage errors due to adsorption are presented. The effect of pH on the adsorption process was also investigated. Activated carbon and soil samples were spiked with each metal ion and the solid phases from the resulting solutions were separated by both filter paper methods and centrifugation. In the statistical estimation of the results, the paired t-test was applied for non-filtered and filtered solutions in the concentration range 1–100 mg/ℓ using the data analysis tools available in MS Excel®. The use of filter paper caused systematic errors, particularly at lower metal concentrations, and hence centrifugation or a filtering process using techniques other than filter paper is favoured as a better approach towards estimating the concentration of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution.
Gentoxizität von Dieselmotoremissionen bei Verbrennung von Pflanzenölen, Mineralöldiesel und deren Mischkraftstoffen

High particle emissions and strong mutagenic effects were observed after combustion of vegetable oil in diesel engines. This study tested the hypothesis that these results are affected by the amount of unsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids of vegetable oils and that blends of diesel fuel and vegetable oil are mutagenic. Three different vegetable oils (linseed oil, LO; palm tree oil, PO; rapeseed oil, RO), blends of 20% vegetable oil and 80% diesel fuel (B20) and 50% vegetable oil and 50% diesel fuel (B50) as well as common diesel fuel (DF) were combusted in a heavy duty diesel engine. The exhaust was investigated for particle emissions and its mutagenic effect in comparison to emissions of DF. The engine was operated using European Stationary Cycle. Particle mass was determined gravimetrically while mutagenicity was determined using the bacterial reverse mutation assay with tester strains TA98 and TA100. Combustion of LO caused the largest amount of total particulate matter (TPM). In comparison to DF it particularly raised the soluble organic fraction (SOF). RO presented second highest TPM and SOF, followed by PO which was scarcely above DF. B50 revealed the lowest amount of TPM while B20 reached as high as DF. RO revealed the highest number of mutations of the vegetable oils closely followed by LO. PO was less mutagenic, but still induced stronger effects than DF. B50 showed higher mutagenic potential than B20. While TPM and SOF were strongly correlated with the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the vegetable oils, mutagenicity had a significant correlation with the amount of total unsaturated fatty acids. Vegetable oil blends seem to be less mutagenic than the pure oils with a shifted maximum compared to blends with biodiesel and DF. This study supports the hypothesis that numbers of double bounds in unsaturated fatty acids of vegetable oils combusted in diesel engines influence the amount of emitted particles and the mutagenicity of the exhaust. And the peak of mutagenicity shifts in blends with vegetable oil. Further investigations have to elucidate the causal relationship and where the maximum of the blends lays.
High-Pressure Studies of Crystalline Amino Acids and Simple Peptides

The contribution reviews recent data on the high-pressure studies of crystalline amino acids and small peptides in relation to the effects of high pressure on biopolymers. The data on the bulk compressibility, on the anisotropy of lattice strain, on the compressibility of hydrogen bonds are discussed. Examples of pressure-induced polymorphic transitions are considered in relation to the conformational changes in biopolymers.
Tomato plant nutrition as affected by arsenite concentration

Abstract As a part of a general study of environmental contamination by arsenic (As), the effects caused by arsenite on the processes of uptake and accumulation of macronutrient elements calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in tomato plants (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill, cultivar Marmande) were studied. Tomato plants were grown in nutrient solution (hydroponic growing system) containing three levels of As (added as sodium arsenite, NaAsO2): 2, 5, and 10 mg As L‐1. One control, with no As addition, was also included. Vegetative growth and fruit yield were affected by As level in the nutrient solution. Plant growth, expressed as dry and fresh weights of leaves and roots, were significantly restricted by As. Fresh fruit production decreased to 60.7, 47.3, and 23.3% at 2, 5, and 10 mg As L‐1, respectively, compared to control. Contamination by As caused changes in both concentration and uptake of all the macronutrients studied. A reduction in the root concentration of .
Proper orthogonal decomposition analysis of non-swirling turbulent stratified and premixed methane/air flames

This paper reports proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analyses for the velocity fields measured in a test burner. The Cambridge/Sandia Stratified Swirl Burner has been used in various studies as a benchmark for high resolution scalar and velocity measurements, for comparison with numerical model prediction. Flow field data was collected for a series of bluff-body stabilized premixed and stratified methane/air flames at turbulent, globally lean conditions (phi = 0.75) using high speed stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (HS-SPIV). In this paper, a modal analysis was performed to identify the large scale flow structures and their impact on the flame dynamics. The high speed PIV system was operated at 3 kHz to acquire a series of 4096 sequential flow field images both for reactive and non-reactive cases, sufficient to follow the large-scale spatial and temporal evolution of flame and flow dynamics. The POD analysis allows identification of vortical structures, created by the bluff body, and in the shear layers surrounding the stabilization point. In addition, the analysis reveals that dominant structures are a strong function of the mixture stratification in the flow field. The dominant energetic modes of reactive and non-reactive flows are very different, as the expansion of gases and the high temperatures alter the unstable modes and their survival in the flow. (Less)
A Study on Hydrotropy—Petroleum and Petrochemical Products

Abstract A comprehensive investigation of the solubility and mass transfer coefficient enhancement of benzene through hydrotropy has been undertaken. The solubility and mass transfer coefficient studies were carried out using hydrotropes such as citric acid, urea, nicotinamide, and sodium salicylate under a wide range of hydrotrope concentrations (0 to 3.0 mol/L) and different system temperatures (303 to 333 K). The effectiveness of hydrotropes was measured in terms of Setschenow constant KS and reported for all hydrotropes used in this study.
Influence of charge and discharge processes of dust particles on the dust plasma conductivity

The formulation of conductivity and dielectric susceptibility for the dust plasma at weak ionization is deduced by solving the Boltzmann’s equation and Shukla’s equation, which are the governing equations on dust particle charge and discharge processes, provided that the weak external electromagnetic field is imposed and the space dispersion neglected. The proper parameters of a solid rocket exhaust plume are then substituted into the derived formulae. The calculated results show that the radius and concentration of dust particles have significant influence on the conductivity and dielectric susceptibility.
Cut-Off Values For EEG Frequency in Differentiation of Alzheimer, Non-Alzheimer Dementia and Healthy Subjects: An Application of 3D-ROC Surface Method Alzheimer Demansi, Diğer Tip Demanslilar ve Sağlikli Bireylerin Ayriminda EEG Frekansi İçin Cut-Off Değerleri: 3D-ROC Yüzeyi Metodunun Bir Uygulamasi

Objectives: To write a new macro programme for the use of the non-parametric 3-D Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) surface method in the discrimination of three or more groups, to study the usefulness of electroencephalography (EEG) frequency in the diagnosis of Alzheimer type dementia (AD), non-Alzheimer type dementia (NAD) and healthy subjects, and to determine cut-off values of EEG frequency. Patients and Methods: The mean EEG frequencies in the left fontal region EEG records of subjects in the present study were calculated and the ROC surface method was used in discrimination of the groups. Results: The volume under the ROC surface was calculated as 0.464±0.150. Accuracy of the mean frequency in differentiation of groups was statistically significant (p=0.024). 8 Hz was found to be convenient for differentiation of AD from NAD patients and 10 Hz for the differentiation of NAD patients and healthy subjects. The sensitivity was 87.5% for Alzheimer’s dementia diagnosis and total accuracy was 65% using this cut-off pair.
Pore structure characterisation : the challenge to understand heterogeneous catalysts and fuel cells

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The influence of tillage on NO and N2O fluxes under spring and winter barley

Abstract. There is a lack of information about the influence of tillage and time of sowing on N2O and NO emission in cereal production. Both factors influence crop growth and soil conditions and thereby can affect trace gas emissions from soils. We measured fluxes of NO and N2O in a tillage experiment where grassland on clay loam soil was converted to arable by either direct drilling or ploughing to 30 cm depth. We made measurements in spring for 20 days after fertilizer application to spring‐sown and to winter‐sown barley. Both were the second barley crop after grass. Direct drilling enhanced N2O emission primarily as a result of restricted gas diffusivity causing poor aeration after rainfall. Deep ploughing enhanced NO emission, because of the large air‐filled porosity in the topsoil. NO and N2O emissions were smaller from winter sown crops than from spring sown crops. The three rates of N fertilizer application (40, 80 or 120 kg N ha–1) did not produce the expected linear response in either soil available N concentrations or in NO and N2O fluxes. We attributed this to the lack of rainfall in the ten‐day period after fertilizer application and therefore very slow incorporation and movement of fertilizer into and through the soil.