Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance of an NLP Tool to extract PFT reports from Structured and Semi-Structured VA data

Introduction/Objective: Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are objective estimates of lung function, but are not reliably stored within the Veteran Health Affairs data systems as structured data. The aim of this study was to validate the natural language processing (NLP) tool we developed—which extracts spirometric values and responses to bronchodilator administration—against expert review, and to estimate the number of additional spirometric tests identified beyond the structured data. Methods: All patients at seven Veteran Affairs Medical Centers with a diagnostic code for asthma Jan 1, 2006–Dec 31, 2012 were included. Evidence of spirometry with a bronchodilator challenge (BDC) was extracted from structured data as well as clinical documents. NLP’s performance was compared against a human reference standard using a random sample of 1,001 documents. Results: In the validation set NLP demonstrated a precision of 98.9 percent [d1] (95 percent confidence intervals (CI): 93.9 percent, 99.7 percent), recall of 97.8 percent (95 percent CI: 92.2 percent, 99.7 percent), and an F-measure of 98.3 percent for the forced vital capacity preand post pairs and precision of 100 percent (95 percent CI: 96.6 percent, 100 percent), recall of 100 percent (95 percent CI: 96.6 percent, 100 percent), and an F-measure of 100 percent for the forced expiratory volume in one second preand post pairs for bronchodilator administration. Application of the NLP increased the proportion identified with complete bronchodilator challenge by 25 percent. Discussion/Conclusion: This technology can improve identification of PFTs for epidemiologic research. Caution must be taken in assuming that a single domain of clinical data can completely capture the scope of a disease, treatment, or clinical test.
Comparing pristine and depleted ecosystems : the Sørfjord, Norway vs the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada. Effects of intense fisheries on marine ecosystems. ICES CM 2007/D:18

The Sørfjord, Norway, and the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada, are two sub-arctic ecosystems with similar trophic structure. However, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, severe exploitation of groundfish stocks has lead to important shifts in the trophic structure. In the Sørfjord, the situation is different: fishing pressure is much lighter. Our hypothesis is that overexploitation leads to changes in the trophic structure and severely alters the resilience of ecosystems. Based on the same modelling approach (Ecopath with Ecosim) the food web structure was compared, using different ecosystem indicators. Patterns of food web structure and trophodynamics were contrasted. The keystone species in both ecosystems is cod. In both ecosystems, forage fish are also important. Even after similar environmental changes in both ecosystems, and after a reduction of fishing pressure in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, there is no recovery of cod stocks in this ecosystem. In the Sørfjord, after different perturbations (but not from the fishery), the ecosystem seems to return to his equilibrium.
Malicious URL Detection based on Machine Learning

Currently, the risk of network information insecurity is increasing rapidly in number and level of danger. The methods mostly used by hackers today is to attack end-to-end technology and exploit human vulnerabilities. These techniques include social engineering, phishing, pharming, etc. One of the steps in conducting these attacks is to deceive users with malicious Uniform Resource Locators (URLs). As a results, malicious URL detection is of great interest nowadays. There have been several scientific studies showing a number of methods to detect malicious URLs based on machine learning and deep learning techniques. In this paper, we propose a malicious URL detection method using machine learning techniques based on our proposed URL behaviors and attributes. Moreover, bigdata technology is also exploited to improve the capability of detection malicious URLs based on abnormal behaviors. In short, the proposed detection system consists of a new set of URLs features and behaviors, a machine learning algorithm, and a bigdata technology. The experimental results show that the proposed URL attributes and behavior can help improve the ability to detect malicious URL significantly. This is suggested that the proposed system may be considered as an optimized and friendly used solution for malicious URL detection.
Visualization Linter

In our project, we developped two packages for linting data visualization practices. One package is for rules that are feasible to be dealt with static analysis and another package for rules that depends on data runtime. In our process we found Eslint to provide a sturdy framework to build static analysis plugins on. We found linting D3.js is challenging since the library is low level. Other higher level packages such as Chart.js were easier to lint. Besides the packages, we developped two documentation websites that contain further readings for data visualization rules. Users can use these readings to educate themselves about data visualization. Finally, we have also set up an online demo that displays the usage of the chart.js rumtime checker.
Spotlight 6 : Food and nutrition security Improved nutrition is an essential element of inclusive rural transformation

Improved nutrition is an essential element of inclusive rural transformation Food and nutrition security – reliable access to food in sufficient quantity and quality to enjoy a healthy and active life, coupled with a sanitary environment, adequate health services, and knowledgeable care – is a central determinant of broad social and economic welfare (FAO 2013; Timmer et al. 1983). Typically, where food and nutrition insecurity is deep and widespread, so, too, are poverty and stagnation (FAO et al. 2015; IFPRI 2015). Inclusive structural and rural transformation – a transformation that delivers widely held benefits – must feature expanded food and nutrition security. But while the link between them is obvious, it is not inevitable. In most contexts, supportive policies and investments are required. The stakes could not be higher. While the prevalence of undernourished people in the world has declined steadily over the last few decades, 795 million people – just over one in nine – remain undernourished (FAO et al. 2015). An estimated 26 per cent of the world’s children is stunted, 2 billion people suffer from one or more micronutrient deficiencies, while 1.4 billion people are overweight, of whom 500 million are obese (FAO 2013). Multiple types of malnutrition – undernutrition, deficiencies in micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) and being overweight and obese – can coexist within the same country, household or individual. This imposes high economic and social costs at all income levels. Globally, economic costs alone are estimated at US$3.5 trillion a year, or US$500 per person (FAO et al. 2015). Progress against food and nutrition insecurity is required and structural and rural transformation must play a role.
Healthcare Utilization and Costs after Receiving a Positive BRCA1/2 Result from a Genomic Screening Program

Population genomic screening has been demonstrated to detect at-risk individuals who would not be clinically identified otherwise. However, there are concerns about the increased utilization of unnecessary services and the associated increase in costs. The objectives of this study are twofold: (1) determine whether there is a difference in healthcare utilization and costs following disclosure of a pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) BRCA1/2 variant via a genomic screening program, and (2) measure the post-disclosure uptake of National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guideline-recommended risk management. We retrospectively reviewed electronic health record (EHR) and billing data from a female population of BRCA1/2 P/LP variant carriers without a personal history of breast or ovarian cancer enrolled in Geisinger’s MyCode genomic screening program with at least a one-year post-disclosure observation period. We identified 59 women for the study cohort out of 50,726 MyCode participants. We found no statistically significant differences in inpatient and outpatient utilization and average total costs between one-year pre- and one-year post-disclosure periods ($18,821 vs. $19,359, p = 0.76). During the first year post-disclosure, 49.2% of women had a genetic counseling visit, 45.8% had a mammography and 32.2% had an MRI. The uptake of mastectomy and oophorectomy was 3.5% and 11.8%, respectively, and 5% of patients received chemoprevention.
Animal Host of Schistosoma japonicum and Transmission of Schistosomiasis in Poyang Lake Region

The article clarified, according to the recent research results which have been done in Poyang Lake region of Jiangxi province, bovines are the most important animal hosts of Schistosoma japonicum and infected bovines are main infectious sources of Schistosomiasis in Poyang Lake region. Spring (March to June) is the “cross transmission stage”between definitive host and intermediate host, that is, spring is not only the susceptible season of infection for livestock and human, but also is the susceptible season of infection for snails. In flood season (July to August), the transmission of Schistosomiasis between livestock and snails belong to “low level phase”. Autumn (September to Octber) is the second seasonal peak of cercariae and is the susceptible season of infection for livestock and human. Winter(November to Feburary in next year) is the non susceptible season of infection. Most of the susceptible zones of infection for livestock, human and snails are the marshlands near the endemic villages.
Factors Related to Quality of Life in Patients with Parkinson's Disease

Background: The goal of therapeutic interventions for Parkinson's Disease (PD) is to improve the symptoms and mitigate the effect on the Quality of Life (QOL) in the individual patient. The purpose of this study was to investigate QOL and related factors in PD patients in Korea. Methods: Between January 1, 2004 and July 15, 2004, eighty-one PD patients were included. The patients were assessed using Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life (PDQL), Modified Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and K-MMSE. Results: Twenty-five male and 56 female patients were included in the study. The mean age was 60.7 years and the mean disease duration was 7 years. The male patients (p=0.07) and young age at onset (p=0.07) showed borderline correlation with PDQL score. Medical cost for PD showed significant correlation with PDQL score (p
Cerebral Blood Flow Alterations in High Myopia: An Arterial Spin Labeling Study

Objective The aim of this study was to explore cerebral blood flow (CBF) alterations in subjects with high myopia (HM) using three-dimensional pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (3D-pcASL). Methods A total of sixteen patients with bilateral HM and sixteen age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. All subjects were right-handed. Image data preprocessing was performed using SPM8 and the DPABI toolbox. Clinical parameters were acquired in the HM group. Two-sample t-tests and Pearson correlation analysis were applied in this study. Results Compared to HCs, patients with HM exhibited significantly increased CBF in the bilateral cerebellum, and no decreases in CBF were detected in the brain. However, no relationship was found between the mean CBF values in the different brain areas and the disease duration (P > 0.05). Conclusions Using ASL analysis, we detected aberrant blood perfusion in the cerebellum in HM patients, contributing to a better understanding of brain abnormalities and brain plasticity through a different perspective.
Automatically Solving Deduction Games

We present a technique for automatically solving deduction games in which a player makes repeated queries to a running implementation of the game and receives a game outcome, with the goal of discovering an unknown secret value. By making multiple queries, a player iteratively reduces the uncertainty about the secret until it is known. We show how to synthesize player queries using static program analysis, model-counting, and information theory. The system we describe automatically solves deduction games implemented in a Python-based game specification language.
Study of the Effect of TiO2 Layer on the Adsorption and Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2-MoS2 Heterostructures under Visible-Infrared Light

In the last decade, the urgent need to environmental protection has promoted the development of new materials with potential applications to remediate air and polluted water. In this work, the effect of the TiO2 thin layer over MoS2 material in photocatalytic activity is reported. We prepared different heterostructures, using a combination of electrospinning, solvothermal, and spin-coating techniques. The properties of the samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis-DRS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The adsorption and photocatalytic activity were evaluated by discoloration of rhodamine B solution. The TiO2-MoS2/TiO2 heterostructure presented three optical absorption edges at 1.3 eV, 2.28 eV, and 3.23 eV. The high adsorption capacity of MoS2 was eliminated with the addition of TiO2 thin film. The samples show high photocatalytic activity in the visible-IR light spectrum.
Combinatorics of 3D directed animals on a simple cubic lattice

We provide combinatorial arguments based on a two-dimensional extension of a locally-free semigroup allowing us to compute the growth rate, $\Lambda$, of the partition function $Z_N=N^{\theta}\Lambda^N$ of the $N$-particle directed animals ($N\gg 1$) on a simple cubic lattice in a three-dimensional space. Establishing the bijection between the particular configuration of the lattice animal and a class of equivalences of words in the 2D projective locally-free semigroup, we find we find $\ln \Lambda = \lim_{N\to\infty} \ln Z_N / N$ with $\Lambda= 2(\sqrt{2}+1) \approx 4.8284$.
PHP27 HEALTH STATE VALUATIONS IN SUMMARY MEASURES OF POPULATION HEALTH

OBJECTIVES: Clinical evidence on the best therapies for patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) is incomplete; however, expert opinion is subjective, therefore we aimed at imbricating evidenceand experiencebased knowledge as to provide complete and high-level information to the clinicians dealing with MDS. METHODS: A systematic review of literature was performed and evidence was graded according to the Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network. For 4 specific interventions (chemotherapy, HLA typing, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, wait-and-see) evidence gaps were completed through direct elicitation of both clinical experience and transposed evidence from 10 panelists. One hundred and two scenarios were built and the panelists were asked to score from 1 to 9 the appropriateness of each therapy in each scenario (RAND method). Appropriateness was inferred from the characteristics of the scenario (age; IPSS risk class; ECOG score of performance status; anemia; cytogenetics) with the technique of Classification and Regression Trees (CRTs) and a treatment algorithm was thus systematically built. ANOVA helped measuring the variability. RESULTS: Age (F = 572.2) and performance status (F = 5.010) were significantly related with the appropriateness of HLA typing and explained 85% of the variability: the root CRT split patients according to cutoff ages of 55 and 60 years. The appropriateness of transplantation also depended on age (F = 409.1) and performance status (F = 23.63). Indeed, the first split made by the CRT was based on cutoff ages of 40 and 55 years; further splits were based on the risk class: patients with INT-2/high risk had higher median appropriateness scores than INT-1/low risk patients, however, anemia and age modulated the appropriateness in INT-1 and low-risk classes. Age (F = 39.4), performance status (F = 27.8) and risk class (F = 65.5) explained 79% of the variability in chemotherapy appropriateness: the CRT first splitted patients based upon IPSS risk class and then upon age (><65yrs). CONCLUSIONS: Guidelines can be based on both evidence and consensus of experts since CRTs are a suitable method for inferring treatment algorithms.
Polarization- and Angle-Resolved Cathodoluminescence Imaging Spectroscopy of Resonant Optical Nanostructures

Dielectric resonators at the nanoscale are of increasing importance for novel light managing techniques. Such resonant structures can exhibit complex interactions with light, controlling the wavelength, momentum and polarization of emission. Resolving all these three degrees of freedom at the nanoscale is not feasible for optical excitation techniques due to the intrinsic diffraction limit. Here we apply cathodoluminescence imaging polarimetry, which uses an electron beam as excitation source, to achieve subwavelength spatial resolution. The characterization of the emission from nanoscale silicon disc resonators by spatially and angularly resolved spectroscopic polarimetry enables us to filter the non-polarized incoherent background. By comparing the results to the calculated emission of eigenmodes in these resonators, we can identify characteristics of electric and magnetic modes in resonators of different size. This knowledge is important for dielectric nanophotonic designs based on the precisely tailored coupling between multiple resonators.
Applying Lessons of Optimal Adolescent Health to Improve Behavioral Outcomes for Youth with Disabilities

This paper was commissioned for the Committee on Applying Lessons of Optimal Adolescent Health to Improve Behavioral Outcomes for Youth, whose work was supported by the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Opinions and statements included in the paper are solely those of the individual authors, and are not necessarily adopted, endorsed, or verified as accurate by the Committee on Applying Lessons of Optimal Adolescent Health to Improve Behavioral Outcomes for Youth, the Board on Children, Youth, and Families, or the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.
2010 NVIC_NJCC 02 v1.indd

Introduction: Obesity is a chronic disease with increasing prevalence. Bariatric surgery has proven to be an effective method for weight reduction and decreases the prevalence of various co morbidities like diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidoemia and obstructive sleep apnoea. Search strategy: A MEDLINE/PubMed search was conducted from 1980 until July 2009 using the search terms: obesity, bariatric surgery, critical illness, Intensive Care, Post Anaesthesia Care Unit, Medium Care and Advanced Care. Summary of findings: Four original studies and one abstract were found. The risk factors for ICU admission and prolonged mechanical ventilation were discussed. Conclusion: There are differences between Europe and the USA in the preferred type of bariatric surgery performed. There are also national and local differences between the organization and logistics of advanced care following bariatric surgery. Therefore, it is difficult to compare the literature on this subject. Almost all risk factors for advanced care admission following bariatric surgery are related to extreme weight; most of them are also related to age. Additionally, a need for extended mechanical ventilation en thus advanced care may be warranted in the following patients: males, heavier patients, those with pulmonary co morbidity and those in need of reoperation. Surgeons, anaesthesiologists and intensivists have to create clinical pathways both for the institute where they are working and their patients.
Fully Differential Touch Screen Controller with Wide Input Dynamic Range for Thin Displays

As today’s smartphone displays become thinner, the coupling capacitance between the display electrodes and touch screen panel (TSP) electrodes is increasing significantly. The increased capacitance easily introduces time-varying display signals into the TSP, deteriorating the touch performance. In this research, we demonstrate that the maximum peak display noise in the time domain is approximately 30% of the maximum voltage difference of the display grayscale through analysis of the structure and operation of displays. Then, to mitigate display noise, we propose a circuit solution that uses a fully differential charge amplifier with an input dynamic range wider than the maximum peak of the display noise. A test chip was fabricated using a 0.35 μm CMOS process and achieved a signal-to-noise ratio of 41 dB for a 6-mm-diameter metal pillar touch when display pulses with 5-V swing were driven at 100 kHz.
From Subjective and Objective Perspective to Reconstruct the High-Quality Tourism Spatial Structure―Taking Gannan Prefecture in China as an Example

Spatial relationship is the basic perspective of understanding regions. Tourism spatial structure is the spatial projection of tourism activities, reflecting the spatial attributes and interrelationships of tourism activities. In this paper, taking Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as an example, we identified the objective and subjective tourism spatial structure of Gannan Prefecture based on the GIS spatial analysis function and using objective and subjective tourist attractions as the spatial object element. Then, the tourism spatial network was reconstructed. Results are as follows. (1) Both objective and subjective tourist attractions in Gannan Prefecture exhibit aggregated distribution. Among them, the spatial distribution of objective tourist attractions has a significant trend of contiguous aggregation, showing a relatively higher density in the northeastern and southeastern regions, and a lower density in the central and southwestern regions. This is opposite to that of the subjective tourist attractions. (2) The connectivity and accessibility between objective and subjective tourist attractions in Gannan Prefecture are poor, and only a few tourist attractions form a traffic connection with neighboring ones. (3) The objective tourism spatial network of Gannan Prefecture is layered with aggregation, and presents a significant cohesive development trend. This is opposite to the subjective one. (4) Based on the identification results of objective and subjective tourism spatial structures, the objective and subjective core tourism resources as well as tourist attractions should be integrated, and the road transportation system should be constructed and improved. Then, a high-quality tourism spatial network with ‘three poles, three axes and four groups’ was constructed. This study provides a scientific basis for the tourism spatial development, tourist route organization, the layout of tourism service facilities and product, and tourism spatial optimization in specific regions.
Study of inelastic processes in ion-H2O collisions using classical (CTMC) and semiclassical methods

We present calculations of cross sections for oneand two-electron processes in collisions of H, He and C with water molecules. We employ two kind of methods: a classical trajectory Monte Carlo (CTMC) approach and a semiclassical treatment with expansions in terms of molecular wavefunctions. Anisotropy effects related to the structure of the target are explicitly incorporated by using a three-center model potential to describe the electron-H2O + interaction. This is compared with a simple approach that employs a screened Coulomb potential. At high energies we derive scaling laws with respect to the projectile charge. We also estimate cross sections for molecular fragmentation subsequent to electron removal.