Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variation of Selected Physicochemical and Hydrological Properties of Soils in Different Tropical Land Use Systems of Nepal

Different land use systems can have different soil properties. It is important to study the soil properties for wise use and sustainable management of land resources. This article reports the findings of a research conducted in Makwanpur district of Nepal, to determine and compare the selected physicochemical and hydrological properties of soil in forest, rainfed agriculture land, and grassland. These forest, agriculture land, and grassland represent tropical land use systems. Soil samples were collected from 0 to 30 cm depths of soil profile from nine randomly distributed pits dug in forest, grassland, and rainfed agriculture land in 2019. Soil samples were analyzed in the laboratory to determine the soil properties using standard methods. Bulk density, porosity, moisture content and infiltration, pH, total nitrogen, available potassium, and available phosphorus were quantified from the soils samples. It was found that the highest BD was found in the grassland (1.29 g/cm³) followed by the forest (1.23 g/cm³) and rainfed agriculture land (1.18 g/cm³). The highest porosity was found in rainfed agriculture land (55.50%) followed by the forest (53.74%) and grassland (51.63%). The highest MC was found in the grassland (26.94%) followed by the forest (10.17%) and rainfed agriculture land (9.92%). The mean cumulative infiltration amount was highest in the rainfed agriculture land (39.27 cm) followed by the forest (33.47 cm) and grassland (8.4 cm). The highest soil pH was found in the grassland (7.91) and the lowest pH (5.70) in the forest. The highest level of total nitrogen was found in rainfed agriculture land (0.121%), followed by the forest (0.106%) and grassland (0.096%). The highest level of available phosphorous was found in rainfed agriculture land (84.94 ppm), followed by the forest (67.76 ppm) and grassland (6.69). The highest level of available potassium was found in rainfed agriculture land (154.24 ppm), followed by the forest (84.49 ppm) and the grassland (44.71 ppm). Bulk density, porosity, and total nitrogen were not found to be significantly different and other soil properties were found to be significantly different between different land use systems. The contribution of farmers in maintaining soil properties on the farmlands is clearly reflected in the results, so their knowledge on soil management needs to be explored and adapted for wise use and sustainable management of other land use systems.
Automatic shoreline detection and its forecast: a case study on Dr. Abdul Kalam Island in the section of Bay of Bengal

Abstract For 43 years, multi-dated satellite imagery is used to examine shifts in shorelines and potential location on shorelines for Dr. Abdul Kalam Island, in the Bay of Bengal, India. A Normalized Difference Water Index with object-based classification system and automatic shoreline extraction tool is used to retrieve the shoreline automatically. To calculate the rates of shoreline change and future positions, based on empirical observations, the simple statistical model, such as EPR and LR models are used. The erosion/accretion scenario is also analyzed for the 1976, 1989, 1997, 2008 and 2018 shoreline of Landsat imaging.Results showsnorth of Dr. Abdul Kalam Island is subjected to high deposition rates and the south part having high erosion rates in the vicinity of the Dhamara Estuary and Maipura River. The short-term (2023) and long-term (2028) shoreline positions are predicted on the basis of the delineated shoreline. Around 63% of transect’s RMSE values varies between ±10 m, showing better agreement among the estimated shoreline positions and satellite-based ones. The results of the study can be very useful for the quantification of shoreline changes, shoreline forecasting and precautionary measures for anti-satellite missile launching centre.
Diagnostic Assessment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

299 Received: 2020. 7. 8 Revised: 2020. 7. 15 Accepted: 2020. 7. 23 Correspondence to Young-Joo Jin, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, 27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon 22332, Korea Tel: +82-32-890-2548, Fax: +82-32-890-2549, E-mail: jyj412@hanmail.net Copyrightc 2020 The Korean Association of Internal Medicine This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. What's new?
Early literacy and child wellbeing: Exploring the efficacy of a home-based literacy intervention on children’s foundational literacy skills

This paper reports on findings from a doctoral study that explored the efficacy of a home-based literacy intervention in advancing preschool children’s foundational literacy skills. Two key cognitive skills critical for early literacy success were examined in particular, those being phonological awareness, and elements of oral language, including vocabulary knowledge, which is the specific skill discussed in this paper. The intervention consisted of two main areas of focus – one, named Rich Reading and Reminiscing (RRR), concentrated on stimulating children’s oral language skills, and the other, called Stimulating Sound Sensitivity (SSS), aimed to generate shifts in children’s phonological awareness abilities. Data sets were gathered with eight children and their families over a twelve-week period, which corresponded with the duration of the intervention. A final set of data was collected six months after the intervention ceased. The study employed a crossover design, where four children and their families participated in the RRR component of the intervention, which ran for six weeks, followed by the SSS portion of the intervention. The remaining four children participated in the same parts of the intervention but in reverse order of delivery. The crossover approach established a control in the study, and allowed the effects of each part of the intervention on the children’s early literacy skills to be more clearly revealed. This paper reports on two children – one from each cohort – whose results are evidence of the efficacy of the intervention in advancing key aspects of children’s foundational literacy skills. Key Findings The children who participated in the RRR component of the intervention first showed improvements in vocabulary knowledge mid-intervention. Conversely, the children who participated in the SSS component first made gains in their phonological awareness skills before the other cohort of children did. These findings have implications for early childhood educators and families concerning the strategies adopted by these stakeholders which aim to foster strong cognitive skills critical for literacy success.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Based Psychoeducation Group for Test Anxiety: A Case Study of Senior High School Students

Bu arastirmanin amaci, Kabul ve Kararlilik Terapisi temelli psikoegitim grubunun lise ogrencilerinin sinav kaygisi uzerine etkisini incelemektir. Grup surecine, sinav kaygisi yuksek olan alti lise son sinif ogrencisi katilmistir ve katilimcilarin tamami kiz ogrencidir. Katilimcilarin belirlenmesinde cok asamali orneklem (multi-stage sampling) yontemi kullanilmistir. Psikoegitim grubu, Kabul ve Kararlilik Terapisinin temel yapi tasi olan psikolojik esneklik/katilik kavraminin alti temel surecini icerecek sekilde tasarlanmis, her hafta 90 dk olmak uzere toplam alti hafta surmustur. Psikoegitimin oncesinde ve sonrasinda katilimcilarla yari yapilandirilmis gorusmeler yapilmistir. Elde edilen verilere icerik analizi yapilmis ve KKT temelli psikoegitim grubunda yer alan katilimcilarin psikolojik katilik ve sinav kaygisina yaklasimlarinin degistigi gorulmustur. Grup surecinin sonucunda katilimcilar ayrica, sinav kaygisi problemi tanimlarinin ve sinav kaygisi duzeylerinin farklilastigini ifade etmislerdir. Bu sonuclar baglaminda tartisma ve oneriler ortaya konmustur.
Prior residence effect determines success of male–male territorial competition in a color polymorphic poison frog

Animals often compete directly with each other for limited resources; in particular, males of many species engage in competitive contests for reproductive resources or access to mates (Andersson, 1994). Morphological traits that translate directly to fighting ability (i.e., resource-holding potential, or RHP; Parker, 1974) are often reliable predictors of contest outcomes. For example, animals with larger body or weapon size often dominate those with smaller body/weapon size in a contest (McCullough et al., 2016; Prenter et al., 2008; Reichert & Gerhardt, 2011). However, because escalated physical combats are costly, many species evolve conspicuous signals that better communicate an individual's RHP. These signals aid the contestants in assessing each other, allowing them to settle conflicts without the unnecessary costs of escalated fights (Logue et al., 2010; Maynard Smith & Harper, 2003). Plumage coloration in birds (Keyser, 2000; Pärt & Qvarnström, 1997) and dominant call frequency in frogs (Arak, 1983; Bee et al., 1999) are both classic examples of such Received: 10 July 2020 | Revised: 27 August 2020 | Accepted: 2 September 2020 DOI: 10.1111/eth.13093
Prolonged drought stress induced changes in yield and physiological processes of Trifolium repens and Festulolium braunii

Water deficit is one of the main environmental factors, and the recognition of plant response to drought stress seems to be crucial for the yield improvement of the important crops. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of prolonged drought stress on dry matter yield, gas exchange parameters, and relative chlorophyll content in the leaves of Festulolium braunii and Trifolium repens grown in pure stands and in mixture. In the pot experiment, different levels of soil moisture (well-watered conditions and drought stress) and of cultivation method (pure stand and mixture) have been applied. The study has shown that all measured parameters were affected by drought stress. Dry mass yield, net photosynthetic rate (PN), transpiration rate (E), and stomatal conductance were significantly lower under drought stress than under well-watered conditions in all treatment types. T. repens showed the strongest response to stress, whereas F. braunii the weakest when both those species were grown in the pure stand. Under drought conditions, the yield of the mixture was similar to that of F. braunii cultivated in the pure stand, and significantly higher than that of T. repens cultivated in the pure stand. It was also found that under the stress, PN and E of both species in the the mixture was higher than in the pure stand. The highest water use efficiency was observed in F. braunii grown in the mixture. Our research shows, that in regions with limited rainfall, T. repens is more useful for growing in a mixture with F. braunii, than in the pure stand. Additional key words: net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, water-use efficiency, white clover.
Response to withdrawal of vitamin and trace mineral premixes from finisher diet in broiler chickens under the hot and humid tropical condition

Abstract This study was conducted to assess the effects of omitting vitamin (VIT) and trace mineral (TRM) premixes from the finisher diet on growth performance, antibody production against Newcastle disease (ND) vaccination, leg bone strength and incidence of foot pad dermatitis (FPD) in male and female broiler chickens. Birds were raised on floor pens in a naturally ventilated house using wood shavings as litter. Commencing from day 21, equal number of male and female birds were subjected to one of four VIT and TRM premixes withdrawal treatments as follows: (i) withdrawal from 21 to 42 days, (ii) withdrawal from 28 to 42 days, (iii) withdrawal from 35 to 42 days, and (iv) no withdrawal (control). In comparison to the control group, feed intake, body weights, feed conversion ratios and antibody responses to Newcastle disease vaccination were not affected by any of the supplement withdrawal treatment. Male birds had lower antibody production and higher bone-breaking strength as compared to their female counterparts. Irrespective of gender, withdrawal of VIT and TRM premixes from 21 to 42, and 28 to 42 days adversely affected bone-breaking strength. In conclusion, VIT and TRM premixes can be removed from the diet of male and female broiler chickens from 21 to 42 days without any adverse effects on growth performance, mortality, antibody response and incidence of foot pad dermatitis. However, bone-breaking strength was adversely affected by the withdrawal of VIT and TRM premixes for more than seven days.
Tapirs : status survey and conservation action plan [with Spanish and Portuguese chapters]

Descended from a long and ancient lineage, tapirs are important tropical forest seed dispersers. However, today, all species of tapirs are threatened to various degrees by habitat destruction and hunting. This action plan was written with wildlife biologists, ecologists, administrators, educators and local conservation officials in mind and is aimed at those countries with tapir populations. It provides a brief natural history of each species and its objective is to aid in their conservation by catalysing conservation action. In addition, it is hoped that the contents of the plan will stimulate further research into this fascinating group of animals.
Mediation: Is There a More Promising Future? The Case of the Cairo Business Community

In an era of economic distress, some organizations have found refuge and growth potential in cooperation. Mediation, a highly recommended cooperative concept, has been enabled in certain countries but not all. Some applications lacked local cultural support making it, despite government efforts, a failure to launch. In this article, we investigate attempts to launch mediation in the Cairo Business Community (CBC). This study enabled us to revisit how Egyptian culture was prototyped by Hofstede and to question its representativeness. Hofstede has consistently described Egyptian culture as being highly cooperative / collectivist but our observations indicate that this culture is now more of an individualistic / competitive type, due to the tremendous economic difficulties that Egyptian society is going through. These difficulties and their impact on culture are at the heart of the explanation of the failure to launch mediation in the CBC.
Bioprospecting rhizospheric microorganism in the management of early blight of tomato solanum lycopersicum l

Thesis titled “Bioprospecting rhizospheric microorganism in the management of early blight of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”” submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Botany by UPASANA MAURYA.
Upper body activity classification using an inertial measurement unit in court and field-based sports: A systematic review

Inertial measurement units (IMUs) are becoming increasingly popular in activity classification and workload measurement in sport. This systematic literature review focuses on upper body activity classification in court or field-based sports. The aim of this paper is to provide sport scientists and coaches with an overview of the past research in this area, as well as the processes and challenges involved in activity classification. The SPORTDiscus, PubMed and Scopus databases were searched, resulting in 20 articles. Both manually defined algorithms and machine learning approaches have been used to classify IMU data with varying degrees of success. Manually defined algorithms may offer simplicity and reduced computational demand, whereas machine learning may be beneficial for complex classification problems. Inter-study results show that no one machine learning model is best for activity classification; differences in sensor placement, IMU specification and pre-processing decisions can all affect model performance. Accurate classification of sporting activities could benefit players, coaches and team medical personnel by providing an objective estimate of workload. This could help to prevent injuries, enhance performance and provide valuable data to coaching staff.
The Impact of Social Media Brand Communication and Word-of-Mouth Over Brand Image and Brand Equity

The importance of brand equity has been realised in recent times and the vast growth of social media users has reached many companies to use of such spaces to reach out to their customers and boost their brand communications. A social media has evolved as one of marketing tool to engage with customers however the studies regarding benefit for health care facility brand are not much reported. The present study focuses on how social media communication as well as word of mouth affect people perception towards brand hence brand image and brand equity. We investigated 200 social media users by using a standardized survey at one of health care facilities. Here, the samples were collected using non-probability sampling method with a purposive sampling technique. The data analysis used the structural equation modelling technique to investigate the interplay of firm-created, user-generated social media communication and word of mouth. The empirical result indicated both social media communication and word of mouth have a significant impact on brand equity, while firm-created content and word of mouth have a positive effect on brand image. Furthermore, brand image was shown to have a positive influence on brand equity. The study provides useful implications for marketing practitioner to actively participate in utilisation of social media for marketing communication.
Participación de la anandamida en la liberación de los espermatozoides del epitelio oviductal bovino

El oviducto de los mamiferos actua como un reservorio funcional de espermatozoides proveyendo un ambiente que permite su mantenimiento y competencia para la fecundacion del oocito. La union de los espermatozoides con las celulas epiteliales del oviducto (CEO) prolonga la vida del espermatozoide, retrasando la capacitacion, hasta que senales asociadas a la ovulacion inducen su liberacion. Varias moleculas del fluido oviductal participan en la regulacion de la interaccion espermatozoide-oviducto. La anandamida es un endocannabinoide que actua a traves de los receptores cannabinoides y ha sido detectada en el fluido oviductal. Previamente demostramos que la anandamida induce la liberacion de los espermatozoides de las CEO en bovinos. En este trabajo estudiamos la regulacion y el mecanismo de accion de la anandamida en este proceso. Se caracterizo la principal via metabolica de la anandamida durante el ciclo estral en el oviducto bovino, encontrandose que tanto las CEO como los espermatozoides expresan a las enzimas del metabolismo de la anandamida. Ademas la mayor concentracion de anandamida en el fluido oviductal bovino fue detectada en el momento peri-ovulatorio, siendo el estradiol la hormona involucrada en la via de activacion de este endocannabinoide. Asimismo la anandamida indujo la capacitacion espermatica y la liberacion de los espermatozoides de las CEO a traves de los receptores CB1 y TRPV1 con un incremento de Ca2+ espermatico. En conjunto, proponemos que en el momento peri-ovulatorio, las hormonas ovaricas podrian inducir un incremento de anandamida oviductal favoreciendo la capacitacion espermatica con la consecuente liberacion de los espermatozoides del reservorio oviductal.
Efficacy of chemicals, Bioagent and Neem products in management of foliar diseases of Groundnut (Arachis hypogeae L.)

The efficacy of chemicals; Tebuconazole and Mancozeb as well as Pseudomonas fluoroscens as a bioagent for seed treatment followed by foliar spray with chemicals Hexaconazole, Tebuconazole, bioagent Pseudomonas fluoroscens; plant extracts such as NSKE and neem oil were studied for the management of major foliar diseases such as late leaf spot and rust in groundnut. Field trials were conducted for three consecutive seasons of kharif 2013, 2014 and 2015 in the experimental site of AICRP on groundnut, O.U. A.T. , Bhubaneswar, Odisha. The trial was laid out in Randomised Block Design with four replications. The row to row spacing was 30cm and plant to plant spacing of 10cm was adopted in plot size of 15.3m2 (5.1mx3m) with a recommended fertilizer dose of N:P2O5:K2O::20:40:40 kg/ha. The seed treatment with Tebuconazole (1.5g/kg) followed by two foliar spray with Tebuconazole @1ml/lit proved to be most efficacious which recorded the least PDI of 26.4 and 15.05 for LLS and Rust disease respectively; with the highest pod yield of 1880 kg/ha and ICBR of 1:6.28. Seed treatment with Mancozeb @ 2g/kg followed by foliar spray of Hexaconazole proved to be the next best treatment which recorded PDI of 30.07 and 19.13 against LLS and Rust respectively with a pod yield of 1766 kg/ha. The seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens followed by foliar spray with either neem oil or NSKE was also found effective when compared against the untreated control.
Determinants of group splitting: an examination of environmental, demographic, genealogical and state-dependent factors of matrilineal fission in a threatened population of fish-eating killer whales (Orcinus orca)

Group living is a social strategy adopted by many species, where individuals can exhibit long-term social affiliation with others, strengthened through cooperative behaviour and often kinship. For highly social mammals, changes in group membership may have significant consequences for the long-term viability and functioning of a population. Detecting significant social events is essential for monitoring the social dynamics of such populations and is crucial to determining the factors underlying these events. Temporally locating changes in social organization, especially with incomplete data, poses significant analytical challenges. To resolve this issue, I develop and assess a straightforward, multistage and generalizable method with broad utility for ecologists interested in detecting and subsequently investigating causes of changes in social organization. My approach illustrates the frequency and ecological relevance of binary group fission and fusion events in a population of fisheating ‘Resident’ killer whales (Orcinus orca). Group fission is a process commonly found in social mammals, yet is poorly described in many taxa, and has never been formally described in killer whales. To address this gap, I provide the first description of matrilineal fission in killer whales, from a threatened but growing Northern Resident killer whale population in which matrilineal fission has been observed for the past three decades. I also undertake the first comprehensive assessment of how killer whale intragroup cohesion is influenced by group structure, demography and resource abundance. Fission in Northern Resident killer whales was observed to occur both along and across maternal lines, where animals dispersed in parallel with their closest maternal kin. I show that fission in this population is driven primarily by population growth and the demographic conditions of groups, particularly those dictating the nutritional requirements of the group. I posit that intragroup food competition is the most likely explanation for group fission in this population, where prey abundance also has ancillary effects. As group fission can have a direct impact on the fitness of group members and the long-term viability of a population, this analysis underscores the importance of incorporating studies of sociality into the management of threatened populations of social mammals.