Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Air-Sea interaction in the Tropical Pacific Ocean during 2018 as revealed by multi-satellite data

The air-sea interaction in the tropical pacific ocean is a critical to influence climate change around Pacific Ocean and whole of the world. According to that matter, this research is supposed to explain the variations of climate parameters in Pacific Ocean during 2017/2018 as La Niña tendency with using saveral satellite data which consist of: sea surface temperature (SST), sea level pressure (SLP), outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), wind and precipitation with length of time from 2005 until 2018 as compared with climate activity in 2010/2011 La Niña phenomenon. The 3.4 nino index showed there is short periods (less than six month) negative values deviation in 2017/2018 or cannot be claimed as La Niña phenomenon. Consistent with 3.4 nino index, the air-sea interaction in 2017/2018 has showed normal condition since no significant anomaly activity in parameters used if compared with parameters activity in 2010/2011 La Niña phenomenon.
Seasonal and Subseasonal Variability of Potential Energy Injected into the Tropical UTLS by Convective and Tropical Cyclone Outflow

This study employs 40 years of ERA-Interim data to quantify the periodic behavior of the integral amount of potential energy stored in the tropical upper UTLS (upper troposphere and lower stratosphere) originally placed there by high-entropy outflow of deep convection and tropical cyclones (TCs). The upper UTLS is defined to be isentropic layers above the level of zero net radiation (LZNR) in the tropics. Once there, the trapped high-entropy air mass must flow into the extratropics where radiative loss will allow it to subside back to lower-entropy levels. Mean poleward fluxes of isentropic mass are prevented by an inertial wall associated with Earth’s rotation. This causes the mass of these isentropic layers to build up, creating a bubble of high potential energy. Periodic releases of this mass into the extratropics in the form of tropical plumes (TPs) help drain the bubble of its mass buildup over time. We present a metric to quantify the energy trapped and stored in this bubble to be the jet available potential energy (JAPE), in reference to the availability of this energy to fuel the kinetic energy of the subtropical jet stream (STJ), which bounds the tropical JAPE bubble (TJB) on its poleward extremities. We also calculate the isentropic mass M, which measures the isentropic thickness. Results of a 40-yr-time-series analysis of upper-UTLS JAPE and M show that the TJB features periodicity in the buildup and release of JAPE and M.
Mathematical Model of an Interaction between Bears and Salmon; A Case in British Columbia

An interaction model for the Pacific salmon and bear population in British Columbia is discussed here. The phenomenon is shown during the salmons period of migration back to their birthplace river at the end of their life. During this returning home, a large number of bears from the nearby state come and prey on them. This predation of salmon before spawning is suspected as the cause of the decline in Salmon production. Here a dynamical model involving a specific predator-prey type interaction between Salmon and Bears is constructed in the form of a non-autonomous dynamical system, in which the transition rate from the adult state of salmon to the spawning state is positive only in the month of migration. Dynamical analysis for the stability of the coexistence equilibrium for the autonomous case is shown and sensitivity analysis for the non-autonomous the case is done numerically.
PlioMIP2 simulation with NorESM-L and NorESM1-F

Abstract. As a continuation of the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP), PlioMIP Phase 2 (PlioMIP2) coordinates a wide selection of different climate model experiments aimed at further improving our understanding of the climate and environments during the late Pliocene with updated boundary conditions. Here we report on PlioMIP2 simulations carried out by the two versions of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM), NorESM-L and NorESM1-F, with updated boundary conditions derived from the Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping version 4 (PRISM4). The two NorESM versions both produce warmer and wetter Pliocene climate. Relative to the pre-industrial period, the simulated Pliocene global mean surface air temperature is 2.1 ℃ higher with NorESM-L and 1.7 ℃ higher with NorESM1-F, respectively, and the corresponding global mean sea surface temperature enhances by 1.5 ℃ and 1.2 ℃. The simulated precipitation for the Pliocene increases by 0.14 mm day−1 globally in both model versions, with large responses in the tropics and especially in monsoon regions. In the simulated warmer and wetter Pliocene world, Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) become deeper and stronger, with the maximum AMOC levels increasing by ~ 9 % (with NorESM-L) and ~ 15 % (with NorESM1-F), while the meridional overturning circulation slightly strengthens in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Although the two models produce similar Pliocene climates, they also generate some differences, in particular for the Southern Ocean, which should be investigated through the PlioMIP2 in the future. As compared to PlioMIP1, the simulated Pliocene warming with NorESM-L is weaker in PlioMIP2, but otherwise show very similar responses.
Climate change impact on energy balance of net-zero energy buildings in typical climate regions of China

Net-zero energy building (NZEB) is widely considered as a promising solution to the current energy and environmental problems. The existing NZEBs are designed using the historical weather data (e.g. typical meteorological year-TMY). Nevertheless, due to climate change, the actual weather data during a NZEB’s lifecycle may differ considerably from the historical weather data. Consequently, the designed NZEBs using the historical weather data may not achieve the desired performance in their lifecycles. Therefore, this study investigates the climate change impacts on NZEB’s energy balance in different climate regions, and also evaluates different measures’ effectiveness in mitigating the associated impacts of climate change. In the study, the multi-year future weather data in different climate regions are firstly generated using the morphing method. Then, using the generated future weather data, the energy balance of the NZEBs, designed using the TMY data, are assessed. Next, to mitigate the climate change impacts, different measures are adopted and their effectiveness is evaluated. The study results can improve the understanding of climate change impacts on NZEB’s energy balance in different climate regions. They can also help select proper measures to mitigate the climate change impacts in the associated climate regions.
Döviz Kuru ile BİST Turizm Endeksi Arasındaki İlişkinin Analizi

Bu calismada, BIST Turizm endeksi ile doviz kurlari arasinda kisa ve uzun donemde bir iliski olup olmadigi ekonometrik analiz yontemiyle incelenmistir. Bu amacla 02/01/2015 ile 30/03/2018 tarihleri arasi BIST Turizm endeksi ile Amerikan dolari ve Euro para birimine iliskin gunluk verileri kullanilmistir. Calismada yapilan analizler sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara gore uzun donemde BIST Turizm endeksi ile doviz kurlari arasinda bir esbutunlesme iliskisi olmadigi yani degiskenler uzun donemde birlikte hareket etmedigi gozlemlenmistir. Uzun donemde bir iliski bulunmamasinin yaninda kisa donemde Euro kurunda olusan bir degisim %5 anlamlilik seviyesinde BIST Turizm endeksi uzerinde etkili oldugu tespit edilmistir. Bununla birlikte Amerikan dolarinda olusan bir degisim %5 anlamlilik seviyesinde BIST Turizm endeksi uzerinde etkili olmadigi bulunmus ancak %10 anlamlilik seviyesinde degerlendirildiginde Amerikan dolarindaki bir degisme kisa donemde BIST Turizm endeksi uzerinde etkili oldugu sonucuna varilmistir. Calisma sonucunun getirdigi diger bir sonuc, BIST Turizm endeksinde olusan degisimlerin on donemlik Varyans ayristirmasi testi neticesinde %15.22 seviyesinde Euro kurundan, %9.44 seviyesinde ise Amerikan dolarindan kaynaklandigi sonucuna varilmistir.
A Commonsense Perspective on Tongan Folk Healing

The Tongan Archipelago, or Friendly Islands, as Captain Cook named them, comprise 169 islands. The Tongan Archipelago stretches over 700 km south to north in the South Pacific Ocean; it is situated between 15 and 23 degrees south latitude and 173 and 177 degrees west longitude. It is immediately west of the International Dateline. The islands are clustered in three main areas: the northern, central, and southern groups are known as the Vavau and the Niuas, the Haapai, and the Tongatapu groups, respectively. Of the 169 islands, which cover a total land area of about 670 km2 spread over 360,000 km2 of sea, only 36 are inhabited. Most of the islands are of raised coral, with fertile soil developed from volcanic ash, the remainder being of volcanic origin. Tongatapu (259 km2) is the main island; it accounts for almost 40% of the land area and includes the capital, Nukualofa. By 1994 the population of Tonga was estimated at approximately 99,419, of whom 67%-70% lived on Tongatapu. The population of Nukualofa, the capital and the major urban area of Tonga, represented about 45%-50% of the Tongatapu population. The population density of Tonga is approximately 130 persons per km2. The
The vegetable oil in the production of polymers and plastics; an effort of creating green products

Manufacturing of polymers and plastics derived from petroleum feedstocks are called synthetic products. The existing of synthetics throughout the plastic series of process is detrimental to the environment. Polyurethane is classified as a family of plastics. Vegetable oil is the potential of producing polyurethane in the presence of unsaturated chain in triglyceride, is being considered intermediates of polymers product. An effort of replacing petroleum with green resources is urgently required of its cheap price, and abundantly available. The vegetable now is not just a cooking oil but turned into various polymeric products. This research is aimed to identify the vegetable oil content in polyurethane's formula with comprehensive low production cost and potentially resulted in the best polyurethane product properties.
A spatially downscaled sun-induced fluorescence global product for
enhanced monitoring of vegetation productivity

Abstract. Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) retrieved from satellite spectrometers can be a highly valuable proxy for photosynthesis. The SIF signal is very small and notoriously difficult to measure, requiring sub-nanometer spectral resolution measurements, which to-date are only available from atmospheric spectrometers sampling at coarse spatial resolution. For example, the widely used SIF dataset derived from the GOME-2 mission is typically provided in 0.5 decimal degree composites. This paper presents a new SIF dataset based on GOME-2 satellite observations with an enhanced spatial resolution of 0.05 decimal degrees and an 8-day time step covering the period 2007–2018. It leverages on a proven methodology that relies on using a light use efficiency (LUE) modelling approach to establishing a semi-empirical relationship between SIF and various explanatory variables derived from remote sensing at finer spatial resolution. An optimal set of explanatory variables is selected based on an independent validation with OCO-2 SIF observations, which are only sparsely available but have a high accuracy and spatial resolution. After a bias-correction, the resulting downscaled SIF data shows high spatio-temporal agreement with the first SIF retrievals from the new TROPOMI mission, opening the path towards establishing a surrogate archive for this promising new dataset. We foresee that this new SIF dataset should be a valuable asset for Earth System Science in general, and for monitoring vegetation productivity in particular. The dataset is available at: https://doi.org/10.2905/21935FFC-B797-4BEE-94DA-8FEC85B3F9E1 (Duveiller et al., 2019).
Potential of floating solar technology in Malaysia

Solar energy is a natural source of energy and is tremendously abundant. The concept of floating solar is to fulfil and to support the existing energy supply in order to enhance the human life. The floating solar exploits the massive availability of ocean region and the severe unavailability of land. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the potential of floating solar to be deployed in coastal or infield in Malaysia. It was predicted that such system could generate around 14,530 MWh per annum in Malaysia. It can be concluded that floating solar could be one of the most important ocean structures in the future because it is reliable, flexible and has virtually low cost production comparing with other ocean structures
Antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy for non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes in a general hospital

72 Aim To audit compliance with the 2011 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines for prescribing antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy in patients diagnosed with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACS). Methods Five-month audit at Cardiac Catheterisation Suite, Mater Dei Hospital, Malta. A data collection form for inpatients diagnosed with NSTE-ACS was developed, psychometrically evaluated and completed for each patient by the investigator. Comparative analysis to assess whether these patients were being managed according to the guidelines was undertaken . Results 165 patients were recruited; 73% were male, 37% were between 66 and 75 years and 44% were active smokers. The most common risk factors for cardiovascular disease in these patients were hypertension (27%), dyslipidemia and obesity (both 16%). 41% of the patients underwent a percutaneous coronary intervention, either ad hoc (34%) or elective (7%). Compliance to guidelines for prescription of aspirin and clopidogrel 300mg loading dose was 95% and 88% respectively. Compliance to guidelines for prescription of aspirin and clopidogrel 75mg daily maintenance dose was 97% and 96% respectively. Compliance to guidelines for prescription of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) was only 19%; 81% of the patients were prescribed omeprazole against guideline recommendations. Compliance to guidelines for prescription of anticoagulation therapy was 95% with respect to prescription of heparin treatment in combination with DAPT. Compliance to guidelines for prescription of enoxaparin was 81%. Compliance to guidelines for other antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs recommended in the guidelines, including ticagrelor, prasugrel, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists, fondaparinux and bivalirudin, was not measured. Conclusions Prescription of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy for NSTE-ACS in Malta is predominantly in accordance with ESC guidelines. Alternative antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs and PPIs should be included in the Maltese hospital formulary to improve NSTE-ACS management in line with guideline recommendations. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
The role of economics in motivating farmers to improve udder health

Economics is about allocating scarce resources between competing activities to achieve often conflicting objectives within constraints. It applies from farm to global level. As udder health affects the economics of Society as well as the farm business, it will be used to guide policy interventions and market incentives that motivate farmers to improve udder health as well as providing farmers themselves with associated decision support in their own economic interest. Changing agricultural policies that increase the exposure of farmers to global market forces and yet require them to address Society’s objectives for higher standards of animal welfare, food quality, safety, security at minimum damage to the environment during a period of increased uncertainty enhances the role of economics. This paper addresses these issues and highlights some of the challenges for economics in motivating farmers to improve udder health in this context. These challenges include providing farm specific decision support in real time, dealing with information shortage and overload, allowing for trade-offs between long and short run goals, managing risk and the need to establish improved udder health within a whole farm context. Tools to address these challenges are briefly described by example. These range from basic cost-benefit analysis of competing udder health activities and diagrammatic representations of trade-offs through to interdisciplinary studies combining biological and economic models with operational research techniques and economic theory to establish the impacts of improved udder health on international trade and on the environment.
Modelling and impact of the turbulence effect on flash and cumulative 2D active imaging system

Abstract In the topic of 2D active imaging systems, two technologies exist for image acquisition. The flash mode consists of a very short and intense laser shot, associated with a short time integration of the sensor (range of hundreds of nanoseconds). The second is the cumulative mode which consists of the integration of many low level energy laser pulses over a long-time integration of the sensor (range of tens of milliseconds). Cumulative mode systems have existed for a long time in the near infrared band. But for the past few years, new sensors are available in the short wave infrared (SWIR) band. Cumulative mode in the SWIR band can provide 2D active imaging systems with very low risk considering the eye safety aspects. Moreover, with a similar design, cumulative systems can overcome the range of flash systems, thanks to their ability to average turbulence effects over the sensor integration time. So, in this paper we have proposed a scintillation noise comparison for each mode. First, we exposed the two types of available models, a numerical model, used for image generation. Second one, an analytical model, used for a quick evaluation of the design of a 2D active imaging system. Both models were compared, especially in their area of validity. Then for a specific scenario, we estimated the gain in term of range performance between a cumulative and a flash system.
Urbanization, Environmental Pollution and Skin Aging

The skin aging process, which is prompted by environmental variables, is named untimely or extrinsic skin aging process and can be recognized from the sequentially (intrinsic) skin aging process by trademark skin aging signs. Albeit human skin goes about as a biological shield against pro-oxidative chemicals and physical air pollutants, prolonged or tedious presentation to abnormal amounts of these pollutants may have profound negative impacts on the skin. Sexual orientation contrasts in toxicity have been accounted for some substances. Youngsters are known to be increasingly defenseless against the antagonistic health impacts of air pollution. Environmental pollution by traffic is additionally connected with the event of indications of extrinsic skin aging. Heavy metals, for example, cadmium, lead and mercury are regular air pollutants that posture health hazards because of bioaccumulation. Ozone in the stratosphere has protective impacts by sifting solar UVR; be that as it may, in the troposphere ozone has toxic implications for skin. Because of scarcity of logical proof, there are no settled rules as of now accessible for protecting the skin against air pollution. Beside lessening presentation, potential protection techniques should concentrate on fixing the skin barrier, renewing antioxidant save, and diminishing inflammation brought about via air pollutants.
Effectiveness of a nutrition education workshop for high school coaches

approved: . s ~ // James E. Leklem The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a one-hour in-service nutrition education workshop for high school coaches in Corvallis, Eugene and Salem, Oregon. The objectives were to determine: 1. if the workshop can make positive changes in nutrition knowledge; 2. which type of participant benefits most from the workshop in terms of an increase in knowledge; and 3. how high school coaches feel about the usefulness of this type of workshop. Eighty-one coaches participating in the study completed a pre-questionnaire immediately prior to and then a post-questionnaire immediately following the workshop. The questionnaire was designed to measure the nutrition for fitness and sport knowledge of coaches. A 17 minute slide/tape program (Nutrition in the Fast Lane) was the major educational component of the workshop. Statistically significant differences were found between preand post-questionnaire scores indicating that coaches increased their nutrition knowledge as a result of attending the workshop. Similar results were found for a group of student athletic trainers, teachers and parents of young athletes. It was also found that the age of the coach, academic degree, number of years of coaching, completion of a college level nutrition course or attendance at a nutrition education workshop within the past two years did not have a significant effect on the overall knowledge score. However, female coaches had significantly greater overall knowledge scores than male coaches. Nearly all coaches (95%) found this workshop either very or somewhat useful and 97.5% would recommend it to their colleagues. The conclusions are that within the framework of a one-hour in-service nutrition education workshop coaches are able to achieve significant increases in nutrition knowledge and that with the exception of female coaches, no one type of participant benefited most in terms of an increase in knowledge. Effectiveness of a Nutrition Education Workshop for High School Coaches