Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Imaging Analysis of Ameloblastoma of Mandible - 5 Cases

Ameloblastoma is the most common odontogenic tumor of the jaws. It is seen in all age groups but the lesion is most commonly diagnosed in the third and fourth decades. It is often asymptomatic, presents as a slowly enlarging swelling or an incidental finding on a radiograph. Radiologically, usually appears as multilocular radiolucency with well defined and corticated borders but can also presents as unilocular radiolucency. Other radiological findings commonly associated are tooth displacement, and root resorption. Computed tomography (CT) shows cortical expansion and in some cases even cortical perforation. Ameloblastoma is a locally destructive tumor with a propensity for recurrence if not entirely excised. In this paper, we report 5 cases of ameloblastoma of mandible collected over the period of 8 months with various imaging findings and their analysis using panoramic radiograph under conventional radiography and CT scan under advanced imaging which may further aid in optimal treatment planning and outcome.
Dynamic modeling and input shaping for MEMS

One of the common characteristics of Silicon MEMS actuators is that they operate in open-loop, due to difficulties and cost of integrating sensors at small scales. A proper dynamic response (trajectory following, vibration suppression, etc.) is difficult to obtain using open-loop control, as it is much better suited for quasistatic device operation. As a result, the dynamic performance of MEMS devices in many applications is not fully achieved. In this paper we propose to use inputshaping techniques, along with an identified reducedorder model to generate suitable input profiles for MEMS actuators. This systematic approach is a major improvement over the current Finite Element/Design of Experiments practices in the MEMS community.
Using spatial Bayesian methods to determine the genetic structure of a continuously distributed population: clusters or isolation by distance?

Summary 1 Spatially explicit Bayesian clustering techniques offer a powerful tool for ecology and wildlife management, as genetic divisions can be correlated with landscape features. We used these methods to analyse the genetic structure of a population of European wild boar Sus scrofa with the aim of identifying effective barriers for disease management units. However, it has been suggested that the methods could produce biased results when faced with deviations from random mating not caused by genetic discontinuities, such as isolation by distance (IBD). 2 We analysed a data set consisting of 697 wild boar multilocus genotypes using spatially explicit (baps, geneland) and non-explicit (structure) Bayesian methods. We also simulated and analysed data sets characterized by different degrees of IBD, with and without genetic discontinuities. 3 When analysing the empirical data set, different programs did not converge on the same clustering solution and some clusters were difficult to explain biologically. Results from the simulated data showed that IBD, also present in the empirical data set, could cause the Bayesian methods to overestimate genetic structure. Simulated barriers were identified correctly, but the programs superimposed further clusters at higher IBD levels . 4 It was not possible to ascertain with confidence whether the clustering solutions offered by the various programs were an accurate reflection of population genetic structure in our empirical data set or were artefacts created by the underlying IBD pattern. 5 Synthesis and applications: We show that Bayesian clustering methods can overestimate genetic structure when analysing an individual-based data set characterized by isolation by distance. This bias could lead to the erroneous delimitation of management or conservation units. Investigators should be critical and suspicious of clusters that cannot be explained biologically. Data sets should be tested for isolation by distance and conclusions should not be based on the output from just one method.
Source Spectra and Site Response from S Waves of Intermediate-Depth Vrancea, Romania, Earthquakes

Abstract Seismograms from 55 intermediate-depth Vrancea earthquakes ( M 4.0–7.1) recorded at 43 stations of an accelerometric network in Romania are used to derive source spectra and site amplification functions from S waves in the frequency range 0.5–20 Hz with the generalized inversion technique (GIT) (Castro et al. , 1990). Attenuation is taken into account using the nonparametric attenuation functions derived by Oth et al. (2008) from the same dataset, and the attenuation-corrected data are then split into source and site contributions. The source spectra follow the ω -2 model (Brune, 1970, 1971) with high corner frequencies and a related Brune stress drop of the order of 100 MPa. The site amplification functions are separately determined for both horizontal and vertical components. Contrary to widespread expectation, the vertical component shows significant amplification effects at high frequencies. The H / Z ratios determined from the GIT results compare well with H / V ratios computed directly from the S -wave window of the accelerograms (Lermo and Chavez-Garcia, 1993). The basic assumption for the determination of site effects from H / V ratios is that the vertical component is not or only little affected by site effects. For Vrancea earthquakes, this assumption is incorrect; consequently, site effects should not be estimated from H / V ratios. The reason for this peculiar fact is the geometry of intermediate-depth seismicity that leads to almost vertical ray paths beneath the stations.
Y-Stent-Assisted Coiling of Wide-Neck Bifurcation Intracranial Aneurysms: A Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND: Y-stent-assisted coiling for wide-neck intracranial aneurysms required further investigation. PURPOSE: Our aim was to analyze outcomes after Y-stent placement in wide-neck aneurysms. DATA SOURCES: We performed a systematic search of 3 data bases for studies published from 2000 to 2018. STUDY SELECTION: According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we included studies reporting Y-stent-assisted coiling of wide-neck aneurysms. DATA ANALYSIS: Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool the following: aneurysm occlusion rate, complications, and factors influencing the studied outcomes. DATA SYNTHESIS: We included 27 studies and 750 aneurysms treated with Y-stent placement. The immediate complete/near-complete occlusion rate was 82.2% (352/468; 95% CI, 71.4%–93%; I2 = 92%), whereas the long-term complete/near-complete occlusion rate was 95.4% (564/598; 95% CI, 93.7%–97%; I2 = 0%) (mean radiologic follow-up of 14 months). The aneurysm recanalization rate was 3% (20/496; 95% CI, 1.5%–4.5%; I2 = 0%), and half of the recanalized aneurysms required retreatment. The treatment-related complication rate was 8.9% (63/614; 95% CI, 5.8%–12.1%; I2 = 44%). Morbidity and mortality after treatment were 2.4% (18/540; 95% CI, 1.2%–3.7%; I2 = 0%) and 1.1% (5/668; 95% CI, 0.3%–1.9%; I2 = 0%), respectively. Crossing Y-stent placement was associated with a slightly lower complication rate compared with the kissing configuration (56/572 = 8.4%; 95% CI, 5%–11%; I2 = 46% versus 4/30 = 12.7%; 95% CI, 3%–24%; I2 = 0%). Occlusion rates were quite comparable among Enterprise, Neuroform, and LVIS stents, whereas the Enterprise stent was associated with lower rates of complications (8/89 = 6.5%; 95% CI, 1.6%–11%; I2 = 0%) compared with the others (20/131 = 14%; 95% CI, 5%–26%; I2 = 69% and 9/64 = 11%; 95% CI, 3%–20%; I2 = 18%). LIMITATIONS: This was a small, retrospective series. CONCLUSIONS: Y-stent-assisted coiling yields high rates of long-term angiographic occlusion, with a relatively low rate of treatment-related complications. Y-stent placement with a crossing configuration appears to be associated with better outcomes. Although Y-configuration can be obtained using many types of stents with comparable occlusion rates, the Enterprise stent is associated with lower complication rates.
A stochastic diffusion process for Lochner's generalized Dirichlet distribution

The method of potential solutions of Fokker-Planck equations is used to develop a transport equation for the joint probability of N stochastic variables with Lochner's generalized Dirichlet distribution [R. H. Lochner, “A generalized Dirichlet distribution in Bayesian life testing,” J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B (Methodol.) 37(1), 103–113 (1975)] as its asymptotic solution. Individual samples of a discrete ensemble, obtained from the system of stochastic differential equations, equivalent to the Fokker-Planck equation developed here, satisfy a unit-sum constraint at all times and ensure a bounded sample space, similarly to the process developed in [J. Bakosi and J. R. Ristorcelli, “A stochastic diffusion process for the Dirichlet distribution,” Int. J. Stoch. Anal. 2013, 7]. Consequently, the generalized Dirichlet diffusion process may be used to represent realizations of a fluctuating ensemble of N variables subject to a conservation principle. Compared to the Dirichlet distribution and process, the additional.
Occupational asthma in Australia (AIHW bulletin no. 59, April 2008)

Introduction . 2 About occupational asthma . 3 Occupational risk factors . 5 Prevalence and incidence . 11 Consequences . 16 Disease and exposure monitoring . 17 Glossary . 20 References . 21 Acknowledgments . 27 Abbreviations . 27 bulletin 59 • april 2008
Syndication of Venture Capital Investment: The Art of Resource Pooling

This article explores the rationale of syndications of institutional venture capital investors when they fund start–ups. There is an implicit labor division between institutional venture capital investors in which pure venture capital firms are in charge of converting investment uncertainty into risk by funding the seed stage of start–ups. The other investors invest in the following stages to sustain the start–ups‘ development. Relationships between investors are also handled following informal rules. Exchanges between institutional venture capital investors are based on a reciprocity that follows the informal principles of the gift exchange theory.
Association of Upregulated Angiogenic Cytokines With Choroidal Abnormalities in Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.

Purpose To clarify the distinct molecular pathogenesis of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV). Methods Aqueous humor (AH) was collected from 18 acute CSC, 20 chronic CSC, and 20 PNV patients. Concentrations of 30 cytokines in the AH were analyzed using a multiplex bead immunoassay, and the cytokine profiles were compared among these three groups of patients. The areas of choroidal vascular hyperpermeability (CVH) and choroidal thickness (CT), including measurement of the vascular layers, were investigated to analyze the features of choroidal abnormality in acute CSC, chronic CSC, and PNV. Additionally, associations between cytokine profiles and choroidal abnormalities were analyzed. Results Proinflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly upregulated in the chronic CSC group compared with the acute CSC or PNV groups. Angiogenic cytokines and VEGF-A were upregulated at levels that almost reached significance along with disease progression from acute to chronic CSC, whereas the upregulation was not significant from chronic CSC to PNV. In the chronic CSC group, strong positive correlations were confirmed between VEGF-A and placental growth factor (PlGF) (r = 0.75, P < 0.001) and IL-6 and VEGF-A (r = 0.74, P < 0.001), and angiogenesis-related cytokines were positively correlated with the typical choroidal abnormalities, areas of CVH, mean CT, and mean large choroidal vessel layer thickness. However, there was no association between these choroidal abnormality parameters and AH cytokines in the PNV group. Conclusions The results suggest that choroidal abnormalities in chronic CSC may be associated with upregulated angiogenesis.
Steganography of Halftone Images by Group Alteration of Grayscale Pixels

Data hiding in halftone images is a challenging task since these images are very susceptible to alterations. Current steganographic methods for these types of images either embed the data after the image is completely halftoned or modify the halftoning process for embedding purposes. In this paper we present a third type of steganography which performs the embedding by altering the grayscale image prior to its conversion to the halftone form. The goal of the proposed algorithm is to minimize the amount of alterations that are caused in the grayscale image. We compared our algorithm with a secure steganographic method. Also an effective steganalytic attack is applied to show the security of the proposed algorithm and the secure capacity of the proposed method was calculated to be 2% of bi-level image size while the secure capacity of its counterpart was calculated to be under 1%. It is shown that the proposed algorithm in terms of visual quality and security, as compared to the existing algorithms, produces superior results.
Is the American Zebu really Bos indicus

The American continent was colonized in the 16th century by Europeans who first introduced cattle of Bos taurus origin. Accounts register introduction of Bos indicus cattle into South America in the 19th and continuing through the 20th century, and most reported imports were males derived from the Indian subcontinent. In the present study we show, by using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphism, major participation of matrilineages of taurus origin in the American Zebu purebred origin, i.e., 79, 73 and 100% for the Nellore, Gyr and Brahman breeds, respectively. Moreover, we have created a restriction map identifying polymorphism among B. taurus and B. indicus mtDNA using three restriction enzymes. Results are discussed concerning American Zebu origins and potential use of this information for investigating the contribution of cytoplasmic genes in cattle production traits.
A Simple Complementary Development Mechanics for African Countries

This paper provides a simple development mechanism for African nations, where economic development is low due to not only low level of physical capital but also poor social capital that leads to lot of conflicts. The study suggests for development of social capital, which is a broader concept containing the social norms and networks that generate shared understandings, trust and reciprocity, which underpin co-operation and collective action for mutual benefits that creates the base for economic prosperity. Social capital like trust could be accumulated when people interact in a purposeful manner with each other in workplaces, associations and range of informal and formal meeting places. These social activities increase with development of human capital through schooling. Educated individuals are interested in dialogue and conversation, which enables people to build societies, to commit them each other, and thereby to knit the social fabric and allow nation to advance smoothly. This study deals with the building of bridging and linking social capital through human capital formation that is created from productive consumption. This paper develops mechanism through which such social capital forms and contributes to economic growth in endogenous growth framework. Poor African countries can overcome low level equilibrium trap with creating social capital.
FURTHER INSIGHTS TOWARD VITAMIN C DETERMINATION AND STABILITY. PROPOSAL OF A NEW QUANTIFICATION METHOD AVALIAÇÕES ADICIONAIS DA DETERMINAÇÃO E ESTABILIDADE DA VITAMINA C. PROPOSTA DE UM NOVO MÉTODO DE QUANTIFICAÇÃO

This work aimed at an evaluation of the classical iodine method for quantification of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) in fruit juices, as well as at a search into the stability of this so popular vitamin under different conditions of pH, temperature and light exposition, in addition to a proposal of a new quantification method. Our results point to the persistent reversibility of the blue color of the starch-triiodide complex at the end point when using the classical iodine titration, and the overestimation of the true vitamin concentration in fruit juices. A new quantification method is proposed in order to overcome this problem. Surprising conclusions were obtained regarding the controversial stability of L-ascorbic acid toward atmospheric oxygen, at low pH, even in fruit juice and at room temperature, showing that the major problem concerned with aging of fruit juices is proliferation of microorganisms rather than expontaneous oxidation of L-ascorbic acid. ___RESUMO: Este trabalho teve como objetivo uma avaliacao do metodo classico do iodo para a quantificacao da vitamina C (acido L-ascorbico) em sucos de frutas, assim como uma pesquisa da estabilidade desta vitamina tao popular sob diferentes condicoes de pH, temperatura e exposicao a luz, alem de uma proposta de novo metodo de quantificacao. Nossos resultados indicam uma persistente reversibilidade da cor azul do complexo amido-triiodeto no ponto final, quando usamos a classica titulacao com iodo, e uma super-estimacao da verdadeira concentracao da vitamina em sucos de frutas. Um novo metodo de dosagem e proposto a fim de superar este problema. Conclusoes surpreendentes foram obtidas em relacao a controvertida estabilidade do acido L-ascorbico frente ao oxigenio atmosferico, em pH baixo, mesmo no suco da fruta e em temperatura ambiente, mostrando que o maior problema em relacao ao envelhecimento de sucos de frutas e a proliferacao de microorganismos e nao a oxidacao espontânea do acido L-ascorbico.
Basic C-peptidemia and Diabetic Patients Classification

Diabetes is a real public health problem in the world. In Africa in general and in Cote d'Ivoire in particular, the management of diabetes is complicated by socio-economic difficulties. After the diagnosis of diabetes, its typing is carried out on the basis of clinical criteria. With the discovery of many subgroups of diabetes especially in Africa, the classification of diabetes is made difficult. This difficulty may raise questions about the adequacy of the therapeutic treatment of patients. The purpose of this study was to study mainly the contribution of basal C-peptidemia in the typing of diabetic subjects. The material concerned a population of 220 diabetics who carried out their peptide C assay and monitored at the Yopougon-ABIDJAN University and Hospital Center. Basal C-Peptidemia was assayed by competitive radio-immunoassay using the kit CIS –BIO Shering. The results revealed that the classification based on clinical signs was improved after the C-peptide assay. Indeed, after C-peptidemia, type 1 diabetics with low C-peptidemia (<0.5 ng/ml) and type 2 diabetics with normal C-peptidemia (0.5 ng/ml to 3 ng/ml). In conclusion, the determination of peptide C appears as an undeniable tool for better classification of diabetic patients. The results of C-peptidemia would direct the practitioner towards a more adequate treatment in the patients studied.
Homesexual mounting in wild male Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) at Huangshan, China

Homosexual mounting behavior in non-human primates is very common, but its function may vary across species. We studied male-male mounting behavior in a wild troop of Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) at Mt. Huangshan China, from August 2010 to May 2011. We used focal behavior sampling and continuous recording to document mounting related behaviors. We found that this behavior occurs among males of all ages, but its frequency decreases with increasing age (P<0.05). Homosexual and heterosexual mountings differ in that the former ones can have 1 or 2 steps, while the latter ones have 4 distinct behaviors. The contexts of male-male mounting varied across the male lifespan. Mounting behavior exhibited during immaturity is crucial to the development of adult homosexual mounting behaviors. (Jiang T, Li J, Lori K Sheeran, Zhu Y, Sun B, Xia D, Wang X. Homosexual mounting in wild male Tibetan Macaques (Macaca thibetana) at Huangshan, China. Life Sci J 2013:10(1):3192-3197). (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 403
Vortical Structures of an Impinging Jet in Cross-flow

The analysis of an impinging jet in a cross-flow and the resulting vortical structures are presented. A computational fluid dynamics simulation utilizing the k-ε model for turbulence is validated by comparing the results to previous experimental and theoretical studies conducted in air. The model was then altered utilizing the hydraulic analogy for an experiment planned within a water tunnel that will maximize the visualization capabilities of the secondary flows that develop. Solutions to this hydraulic version of the computational fluid dynamic model were completed in both steady and time dependent states. The features of the flow structures and insight into the physics that form them are established.
Systemic Delivery of PEGylated NEL-like Molecule-1 (NELL-1) as A Novel Strategy for Osteoinductive Therapy

NELL-1 is an osteogenic, secretory molecule previously shown to enhance bone regeneration in multiple rodent and ovine orthopedic defect models. Excitingly, we have recently shown that systemic delivery of NELL-1 induces robust bone formation in healthy and osteoporotic mice; however, like other cytokine therapies, NELL-1 has a relatively short half-life requiring a frequent dosing schedule (q2d). Here, we investigate the potential of PEGylation, a chemical process of adding polyethylene glycol (PEG), to improve NELL-1's pharmacokinetics, while maintaining bioactivity. Three different PEGylation patterns (5K-linear, 20K-linear, and 40K-branched) were covalently attached to NELL-1. First, thermostability and bioactivity of PEG-NELL-1 was compared to unmodified NELL-1 in vitro. Next, we evaluated the biological half-life and osteogenic potential of systemically administered PEG-NELL-1 (5K-linear, 1.25mg/kg, i.v., q4d and q7d) in healthy mice. To monitor the changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover rate in vivo, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and microPET/CT bone scans was performed weekly. Animals were sacrificed after four weeks of treatment for microCT and histological analyses. PEGylation was observed to improve thermostability and biological half-life, while retaining in vitro bioactivity of NELL-1 protein comparable to unmodified NELL-1. In vivo, systemic PEG-NELL-1 therapy significantly increased femoral and lumbar BMD as well as bone turnover rate at overall skeletal sites after four weeks of treatment. MicroCT confirmed significant increases in trabecular BMD and fractional bone volume in PEG-NELL-1-treated groups. Further, immunohistochemistry revealed an increase in osteocalcin expression, while TRAP staining showed a reduction in osteoclast number in PEG-NELL-1 groups. Collectively, PEGylation significantly extends NELL-1's half-life, while retaining osteoinductive potential. Thus, PEG-NELL-1 holds promise for non-invasive, wide clinical application for the treatment of osteopenic disorders.