Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of diagnostic climate model cloud parametrizations using large‐eddy simulations

Current climate models often predict fractional cloud cover on the basis of a diagnostic probability density function (PDF) describing the subgrid‐scale variability of the total water specific humidity, qt, favouring schemes with limited complexity. Standard shapes are uniform or triangular PDFs, the widths of which are assumed to scale with the grid‐box mean qt or the grid‐box mean saturation specific humidity, qs. In this study, the qt variability is analysed from large‐eddy simulations for two stratocumulus, two shallow cumulus, and one deep convective cases. We find that, in most cases, triangles are a better approximation to the simulated PDFs than uniform distributions. In 2 of the 24 slices examined, the actual distributions were so strongly skewed that the simple symmetric shapes could not capture the PDF at all. The distribution width for either shape scales acceptably well with both the mean values of qt and qs, the former being a slightly better choice. The qt variance is underestimated by the fitted PDFs, but overestimated by the existing parametrizations. While the cloud fraction is in general relatively well diagnosed from fitted or parametrized uniform or triangular PDFs, it fails to capture cases with small partial cloudiness, and in 10–30% of the cases misdiagnoses clouds in clear skies or vice versa. The results suggest choosing a parametrization with a triangular shape, where the distribution width would scale with the grid‐box mean qt using a scaling factor of 0.076. However, this is subject to the caveat that the reference simulations examined here were partly for rather small domains and driven by idealised boundary conditions.
The Link between the Baryonic Mass Distribution and the Rotation Curve Shape

The observed rotation curves of disc galaxies, ranging from late-type dwarf galaxies to early-type spirals, can be fit remarkably well simply by scal ing up the contributions of the stellar and H I discs. This ‘baryonic scaling model’ can explain the full br eadth of observed rotation curves with only two free parameters. For a small fr action of galaxies, in particular early-type spiral galaxies, HI scaling appears to fail in th e outer parts, possibly due to observational effects or ionization of the H I. The overall success of the baryonic scaling model suggests that the well-known global coupling between the baryonic mass of a galaxy and its rotation velocity (known as the baryonic Tully-Fisher rela tion), applies at a more local level as well, and it seems to imply a link between the baryonic mass distribution and the distribution of total mass (including dark matter).
Performance Function Tests in Assessing Ankle Fitness

Introduction: A challenge for any physician caring for athletes is determining readiness for return to competition after an injury. A wide variety of performance function tests (PFTs) have been described, but no norms or minimum performance levels exist for any of them. In this study, healthy athletes were given a series of PFTs to complete. We propose that there will be a minimum performance level for each of the PFTs that all athletes can complete. We also propose, for tests that assess the right and left legs independently, that performance of the right leg will consistently be within 10% of the left. Finally, we propose that performance on one of the functional tests will be predictive of function on all the tests. Methods: Athletes were put through a testing protocol, beginning with range of motion and progressing through a series of functional ankle tests of increasing difficulty. Right and left leg data were recorded separately for the first five tests. For each test, mean values, ranges, and SDs were calculated. Results: Eighty-one athletes completed the protocol. A wide variation existed in performance ability between athletes; the SD for any of the tests was too high to determine a minimum performance threshold. However, when comparing right to left leg in any one athlete, the difference in performance testing was always less than 10%. Furthermore, performance on the side hop test was predictive of performance on the other tests. Discussion: A wide range of performance was noted in all the PFTs, so it is not possible to define a minimum threshold. However, performance of an injured leg to within 10% of the opposite (uninjured) leg suggests achievement of normal function. The side hop test might be a good test by itself to represent overall ankle readiness.
Pronostic psycho-cognitif à long terme des patients traités pour un Syndrome de Détresse Respiratoire Aiguë sévère par ECMO (ExtraCorporeal Membrane Oxygenation) veino-veineuse

Objectif : le pronostic psycho-cognitif a long terme des patients survivants apres un syndrome de detresse respiratoire aigue (SDRA) severe et traites par oxygenation extracorporelle a membrane veino-veineuse (ECMO-VV) est peu decrit. Notre objectif etait de comparer la prevalence des sequelles cognitives et des troubles neuropsychiatriques a long terme chez des survivants de SDRA severe traites ou non par ECMO-VV a l’aide d’une batterie de tests permettant une analyse fine des fonctions cognitives. Materiel et methodes : tous les patients survivants d’un SDRA severe traites entre 2011 et 2017 dans un centre regional de reference pour l’ECMO-VV etaient evalues de maniere prospective, deux ans apres leur sortie de reanimation. Le critere de jugement principal etait l’evaluation des fonctions cognitives a l’aide de la Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale 4e edition (WAIS-IV) lors d’un entretien avec un psychologue clinicien. Les criteres de jugement secondaires etaient la prevalence de troubles psychiatriques (anxiete, depression, syndrome de stress post traumatique (PTSD)) ainsi que l’evaluation de la qualite de vie. Resultats : nous avons evalue 22 patients consecutifs survivants d’un SDRA severe traites par ECMO-VV et 18 patients traites par ventilation conventionnelle a une mediane [intervalle interquartile] respectivement de 20 [17-22] et 22 [18-23] mois. Les fonctions cognitives etaient alterees chez 12 (55%) patients traites par ECMO-VV et 10 (56%) patients traites de maniere conventionnelle (p=0,95). Huit (36%) patients traites par ECMO-VV presentaient des symptomes depressifs moderes a severes compare a sept (39%) patients n’ayant pas recu d’ECMO (p=0,87). Douze (55%) patients traites par ECMO-VV et huit (44%) patients traites de maniere conventionnelle presentaient des symptomes anxieux moderes a severes (p=0,53). Sept (33%) patients traites par ECMO contre huit patients n’ayant pas recu d’ECMO etaient a haut risque de presenter un PTSD (p=0,48). La qualite de vie etait comparable dans les 2 groupes. Conclusions : le recours a l’ECMO-VV ne semble pas aggraver le pronostic cognitif et neuropsychologique a long terme des patients traites pour un SDRA severe.
Abrasiveness Calibration of Optical Measuring Wheel

The aim of this study is to propose a simple operation and highly practical measuring instrument. In response to conventional mechanical measuring wheels that mainly measure distance mechanically and inspect wheel wear visually, however, they are unable to monitor it effectively. As the wheel tends to generate wheel problems over time, it will gradually cause inaccurate distance measurement. Thus, a Holtek microcontroller HT66F50 was adopted to allow it to have a measuring function by coordinating with an infrared ranging module and an incremental encoder. Besides, Measurement System Analysis was further conducted to verify whether or not this measuring system is able to comply with the measurement system specifications. Keywords-measuring wheel; wheel wear; microcontroller; infrared ranging module for distance measurement; encoder
Cumulative Inequality and Race/Ethnic Disparities in Low Birthweight: Differences by Early Life SES

Cumulative Inequality and Race/Ethnic Disparities in Low Birthweight: Differences by Early Life SES by Laura L. Freeman The current study applies Cumulative Inequality theory to investigate whether differences in mothers’ childhood socioeconomic status (SES), in terms of economic hardship and social position, account for race/ethnic disparities in infant low birthweight (LBW) risk. This study uses three-generation linked data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (1979-1995) and NLSY Young Adult (1994-2010) samples, which detail the life histories of the mothers and grandmothers of 2,332 singleton infants, to assess the unique association between mothers’ childhood SES and infant LBW in ways not previously possible. Results indicate that childhood SES differences do not account for race/ethnic disparities in LBW, as low childhood SES increases the probability of LBW only for whites. Further pairwise comparisons of infant LBW probability between black, white, and Hispanic mothers from similar childhood socioeconomic backgrounds indicate the greatest LBW disparities exist between black and white women who experienced the least SES disadvantage during childhood.
Generic resonator models for real-time synthesis of reed and brass instruments

From accurate measurements of bore profiles of various reed and brass instruments, a common and simplified geometrical model made of three parts totalizing seven geometrical parameters is proposed. From this geometry, it is shown that a good approximation of the input impedance can be obtained by a combination of two lumped elements gathered in series and parallel with a distributed element. Each element is approximated and discretized in order to end up with costless digital filters representing the impedance impulse response. These filters require the order of twenty multiplication/additions per sample and their coefficients are analytically expressed as functions of the geometrical parameters. The choice of the geometry and the time discretization schemes are validated both through comparison with continuous models and through the estimation of the geometrical parameters via a global optimization procedure, using measured input impedance curves.
Experimental Investigation on the Aerodynamic Performance of NLF-0414 Iced-Airfoil

Icing phenomenon on a natural laminar flow airfoil (NLF-0414) has been experimentally investigated. Double horn glaze ice geometry which was acquired during a 15 minutes spray time at−2.23°C with liquid water content and a median volumetric diameter of 1.0 g/m and 20 μm, has been extracted from database of NASA Lewis Research Center. Pressure distribution over airfoil surfacewas evaluated at angles of attack between -2 to 6 degreesfor both iced and clean airfoils. Aerodynamics performance degradation of the iced airfoil has been studied and it is shown that double horn ice accretion, due to its unique geometry, severely affects aerodynamic characteristics of natural laminar flow airfoils. Reattachment locations have been evaluated for upper and lower separation bubbles. The upper surface separation bubble was seen to increase in size in contrary to the lower surface separation bubble.
Social Media Marketing And Online Small And Medium Enterprises Performance: Perspective Of Malaysian Small And Medium Enterprises

This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of Social Media Marketing (SMM) practices to organizational performance, which focuses on Malaysian Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Quantitative research method approach is applied to study three types of correlations: (1) brand reputation & image and online SMEs performances, (2) customer engagement and online SMEs performances, and (3) customer brand attitudes and online SMEs performances. Findings revealed that all of the independent variables were significant and have moderate relationship to the online SMEs performances. This study provided a transparent idea, which more clears on true important factors of social media marketing and online SMEs performances. The results of this study are believed would facilitate and motivate the SMEs in social media practice for marketing activities. Besides contribution to practice, the paper also contributed to the knowledge in Internet technology.
A first analysis of fast ignition of precompressed ICF fuel by laser-accelerated protons

The main parameters of the beam required to ignite a precompressed DT fuel, as foreseen by the recently proposed scheme of fast ignition by laser-accelerated protons (Roth et al 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 436), are studied by 2-D numerical simulations and a simple model. For simplicity, instantaneous proton generation at distance d from the compressed fuel and exponential proton energy spectrum, dn/de ∝ exp(−e/Tp), are assumed. An analytical expression and parametric numerical results are then given for the dependence of the minimum required beam energy on d, Tp and on the fuel density ρ. For the parameters of Roth et al (d ≈ 4 mm; ρ ≈ 400 g/cm 3 ) the minimum total proton energy for ignition is about 40 kJ.
The size and symmetry of the lumbar multifidus muscles in Iranian industrial workers with and without chronic non-specific low back pain

Background: There is no specific cause of low back pain for eighty- five percent of cases and they were classified as non-specific low back pain. In this study, the size and symmetry of the lumbar multifidus muscles in industrial workers with non-specific chronic low back pain and healthy workers were investigated. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional comparative study, sixty industrial workers were divided into two groups of chronic low back pain and healthy, based on medical history and physical test. Roland-Morris Low Back Pain Questionnaire were filled by the group with chronic low back pain and dimensions of lumbar multifidus muscles in the L4-L5 level were measured by ultrasonography and the atrophy and asymmetry of two sides were examined. Results: Average size of right muscle in patients ranged between 2.5 and 4.3 CM? Inch? with average of 3.6 ± 0.43 and size of left muscle was in the range of 2.8 to 4.7 with the average of 3.9 ± 0.46. Size of right Muscle in healthy group was between 3.6 and 4.9 with the average of 4.3 ± 0.4 and left muscle size in healthy group was in the range of 3.9 to 5.09 and average of 4.4 ± 0.42 (p< 0.001). The proportion of symmetry, in the patient group was less (0.9) compared to those with no symptoms (0.95) (p<0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that the size of the multifidus muscle in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain at L4-L5 level was smaller compared to without back pain subjects on the basis of the average size of right and left muscle. Besides, in the patient group, muscle size in one side was smaller than the other side, in a way that there was a clearly and significantly asymmetry in muscle size between both sides.in addition, difference between size was observed between the two left and right waist size in the healthy group.
Personal Data Retrieval and Disambiguation in Web Person Search

Web person search often return web pages related to several distinct namesakes. This paper proposes a new web page model for template-free person data extraction, and uses Dirichlet Process Mixture model to solve name disambiguation. The results show that our method works best on web pages with complex structure. key words: sequential block model, deep learning, web extraction, name disambiguation
Ubiquitination and DNA Repair in Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological neoplasm characterized by the clonal pro- liferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. MM cells are characterized by genomic abnormalities that arise during the pathogenesis of disease and accumulate during progression. DNA repair pathways are critical to repair the plethora of DNA lesions that occur in MM, and deregulation of these pathways is implicated in disease onset and survival. The ubiquitin proteasome system has emerged as a central player in the regulation of DNA damage response (DDR). In this chapter, we review defects within the ubiquitin proteasome system that are associated with abnormal DNA damage response in MM and discuss current and potential novel ways of targeting these aberra- tions in the clinic.
Niche conservatism of Eulophia alta, a trans-Atlantic orchid species

The genus Eulophia embraces over 230 species distributed through the tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia, Australia and the Americas. In Neotropics it is represented by a sole species – E. alta. The aim of the presented study was to evaluate the difference between ecological niches occupied by American and African populations of this species based on the ecological niche modeling. The similarity between the glacial and present niches occupied by E. alta was calculated and the factors limiting the species occurrence were identified. Areas of seasonal tropical forest, tropical savanna and woodland served as refugia for the studied species during last glacial maximum and they were more widespread in Neotropics than in Africa. No significant niche shift after last glacial maximum was observed. The distribution of E. alta in its whole range is restricted mainly by temperature seasonality. The differences in the niches occupied by African and Neotropical populations of E. alta suggest preglacial disjunction of the species range and independent adaptation of both groups. Despite the significant range disjunction of E. alta the species is characterized by relatively high degree of niche conservatism.
Cash Transfers, Conditions, School Enrollment, and Child Work: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment in Ecuador

This brief summarizes the results of a gender impact evaluation study, entitled Cash transfers, conditions, school enrollment, and child work : evidence from a randomized experiment in Ecuador, conducted in 1999 to present in Ecuador. The study observed the impact of the Bono de Desarrollo Humano (BDH), a cash transfer program, on enrollment and child work among poor children in Ecuador on the household level. The BDH program had a large, positive impact on school enrollment, about 10 percent points, and a large, negative impact on child work, about 17 percent points. Significant program effects on enrollment were only found among households who believed that there was an enrollment requirement associated with the program.
State and Retail Outlet Impact on Premiums for Locally Grown Berries

Consumption of locally labeled products has increased dramatically over the last decade. As such it is essential to understand what consumers are willing to pay for locally produced products and to understand if differences are present between states. Using berries as a product category given their availability at a wide range of retail outlets, we examine whether consumers’ willingness to pay for locally grown berries vary between farmer’s markets, farm stands, and grocery stores. Adding to the literature, we also investigate the differences in willingness to pay at these outlets throughout the Northeast. Our results indicate that farmer’s markets garner the highest premium followed by farm stands then grocery stores. We also see that locally grown berries at these outlets receive a significantly higher premium than berries grown in the Northeast, U.S. or outside the U.S. Further, we find that there are some states with varying willingness to pay values across retail outlet.
A Parameterization of Heterogeneous Hydrolysis of N 2 O 5 for 3-D Atmospheric Modelling: Improvement of Particulate Nitrate Prediction

Heterogeneous hydrolysis of N 2 O 5 on the surface of deliquescent aerosol particles leads to HNO 3 formation and acts as a major sink of NOx in the atmosphere during nighttime. The reaction constant of this heterogeneous hydrolysis is determined by temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), aerosol particle composition as well as the surface area concentration (S). However, its parameterization in previous 3-D modelling studies did not comprehensively consider these parameters. In this investigation, we propose a sophisticated parameterization of the heterogeneous hydrolysis of N 2 O 5 with respect to T, RH, aerosol particle compositions and S, based on laboratory experiments. This new parameterization was incorporated into a 3-D fully online coupled model: COSMO-MUSCAT. As case study, we used the data from the HOPE-Melpitz campaign (10–25 September 2013). Here, we investigated the improvement of nitrate prediction over the western and central Europe. The modelled particulate nitrate mass concentrations ([NO 3 − ]) were validated by filter measurements over Germany (Neuglobsow, Schmucke, Zingst, and Melpitz). The modelled [NO 3 − ] were significantly overestimated for this period by a factor of 5–19, with the corrected NH3 emissions (reduced by 50 %) and the original parameterization of N 2 O 5 heterogeneous hydrolysis. The proposed new parameterization significantly reduces the overestimation of [NO 3 − ] by ~ 35 %. Particularly, the overestimation factor was reduced to approximately 1.4 within our case study period (September 12, 17–18 and 25, 2013), when [NO 3 − ] was dominated by local chemical formations. Furthermore, the organic coating effect on a suppression of the N 2 O 5 reaction probability may have been also significantly overestimated in previous modelling studies, due to a strong overestimation of the N 2 O 5 reaction probability on coatings. Based on the original parameterization, previous studies reported a decrease of modelled [NO 3 − ] up to 90 %, where both secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and N 2 O 5 were built-up over western and central Europe. For this case study, the suppression of organic coating was negligible over western and central Europe, with influence on [NO 3 − ] less than 2 % on average and 20 % at the most significant moment. As for a significant impact of the organic coating effect, N 2 O 5 , SOA and NH 3 need to be present when RH is high and T is low. However, those conditions were rarely fulfilled simultaneously over western and central Europe. Hence, the organic coating effect on reaction probability of N 2 O 5 over Europe may not be as important as expected in previous studies.
Bacterivory by pelagic choreotrichous ciliates in coastal waters of the NW Mediterranean Sea

Ability of natural assemblages of pelagic ciliates to ingest bacteria was tested using fluorescently labeled bacteria (FLB) prepared from in situ bacterioplankton. Ciliate bacterivory was analysed both in freshly collected samples from the mouth of Vlllefranche Bay, NW Mediterranean Sea , and in 50 pm screened water held in 201 plastic carboys in the laboratory. In various experiments, from 23 to 97 "h of the choreotrich assemblage ingested FLB added In tracer amounts (2 to 4 X 105 FLB ml' ) , with average clearance rates ranging from 14 to 308 nl cell-' h' Very little ingestion of FLB was observed for other types of ciliates, e.g. d id~nids and hypotrichs, seen in the samples. Specific clearance rates (on the basis of FLB ingested) of individual morphological types of ciliates was on the order of 0 6 to 4 X 104 body volumes h-' for larger choreotrichs, and up to 2 X 10' body volun~es h' for the smallest choreotrichs. We estimated that it would be possible for choreotrichs < 15 pm in size to grow at a rate of about 0.5d' on a n exclusive diet of bacteria at a concentrat~on of 10' bacteria ml-l, but that the larger cdiates were obtaining less than 15 % of their food rations a s bacteria. These data are the first direct evidence that some pelagic ciliates can be consumers of heterotrophic bacterioplankton in mesoto oligotrophic seawater.
Impact of various stimulus properties on fusional vergence range and heterophoria

ii List of Figures . v List of Abbreviations . vii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 Objectives . 1 1.2 Binocular Vision . 1 1.3 Heterophoria . 2 1.4 Hysteresis . 4 1.5 Spatial Frequency. 4 1.6 Field of View . 6 1.7 Hypothesis and Current Study . 7 Chapter 2: General Method . 10 2.1 Participants . 10 2.2 Apparatus . 10 2.3 Stimuli . 10 2.4 Design . 14 2.5 Procedure . 15 2.6 Dependent Variables . 18 Chapter 3: Experiment 1 (Spatial Frequency) . 21 3.1 Summary . 21 3.2 Results . 21 3.2.1 Fusional Vergence Range . 22