Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variation among Fusarium species and isolates infecting wheat ears based on aggressiveness, mycotoxin production and RAPD-PCR analysis

Fusarium species from Germany and Kenya were investigated for the variation in mycotoxin production, aggressiveness on wheat ears and PCR-based DNA fingerprints in order to characterize the Fusarium species and isolates involved in the head scab complex of wheat in different regions. Nineteen isolates of F. graminearum from Kenya were screened for aggressiveness and trichothecene production on wheat ears and in vitro-mycotoxin production on autoclaved cracked corn. Two isolates of each Fusarium species, F. avenaceum, F culmorum, F. graminearum and F poae, respectively, were compared for their virulence and aggressiveness on four winter wheat cultivars. Twenty isolates belonging to various Fusarium species differing in mycotoxin production and aggressiveness in wheat were characterized by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR). The Fusarium species were differentiated by cluster analysis of the PCR products using decamer random primers. Isolates of F. graminearum markedly varied in aggressiveness and mycotoxin production. Variation among isolates was also evident in RAPD-PCR profiles, indicating that it is genetically inherited. For F. culmorum isolates from Germany, RAPD-PCR profiles did not clearly differentiate between nivalenol- and deoxynivalenol-producing isolates, for F. graminearum however, the two chemotypes could be discriminated. Therefore, most of the F. culmorum isolates may be capable of producing both trichothecenes, as was demonstrated by a few isolates of this species. Differences in aggressiveness of isolates of F. graminearum and F. culmorum isolates, however, could not be related to the variation in RAPD patterns. The high genetic variability for aggressiveness and mycotoxin production among isolates of Fusarium species within small regions considerably complicates the forecasting of the effects of head scab on yield quantity and quality.
Effects of algal phenotype on mesograzer feeding

The consequences of intraspecific variation in prey traits for plant−herbivore interactions were tested by measuring the susceptibility of 3 phenotypes from the red alga Gracilaria cornea against herbivores from the coast of Israel. The 3 algal phenotypes (‘fine’, ‘green’, ‘wild’) differed in morphology, as well as nutritional value (organic content). When presented with the 3 G. cornea phenotypes simultaneously, the amphipod Ampithoe ramondi and the crab Acanthonyx lunulatus consumed significantly more of the finely branched phenotype (63 and 80% of total consumption, respectively) than of either the green or wild phenotypes. When confined with only 1 of the 3 algal phenotypes, feeding patterns of the crab changed little, consuming significantly more of the finely branched phenotype. In contrast, the amphipod responded by increasing consumption proportionally on the phenotypes with the lowest organic content. Regression analysis showed that A. ramondi exhibited compensatory feeding and consumed significantly more of the green phenotype than of either of the other 2 under no-choice conditions, with algal ash-free dry mass explaining approximately 83% of the variance in feeding for this mesograzer. Data suggest that feeding by crabs responded to algal morphology more, while amphipods cued on both structure and nutrient content of the algal phenotypes.
The relationship between hope and happiness with prenatal care

INTRODUCTION: Prenatal care refers to proper and principled implementation aimed at maintaining a healthy pregnancy in terms of physical health and favorable psychological outcomes for the mother, infant, and family. The adequacy of prenatal care is an important indicator in predicting infant and maternal mortality. Mental health components such as hope and happiness can influence the quality of prenatal care. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between hope and happiness with prenatal care. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study that was performed on 200 pregnant mothers referred to Isfahan, Iran, comprehensive health centers in 2018 using an available sampling method. The research instrument was a questionnaire of hope, happiness, and quality of prenatal care that was completed by qualified people. The data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistical methods (Pearson correlation). RESULTS: The results of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between the adequacy of care and overall hope score (P = 0.032). There was also a positive and significant relationship between the adequacy of care and the subscales of hope (thinking [P = 0.002] and path [P = 0.004]). There was a positive and significant relationship between the adequacy of prenatal care and overall happiness score (P = 0.03). Positive emotion subscale (P = 0.033) had a significant positive correlation and negative emotion subscale (P = 0.001) had a significant negative relationship with the adequacy of prenatal care. CONCLUSION: According to the results, mental health can affect the quality of prenatal care. As a result, health providers to pregnant mothers can improve the adequacy of prenatal care by examining pregnant women in terms of these two issues, thereby improving the health of themselves and their children, and ultimately, community health.
Depression affects autonomic system of the body? Yes, it does!

BACKGROUND: Depression is a disorder of the brain, a state of low mood and aversion to activity that can affect a person's thoughts, behavior, feelings, and sense of well-being and can cause alteration in sympathetic activity of the body, thus affecting heart rate variability (HRV). AIM: The study was conducted to determine the effects of depression on HRV parameters in clinically known cases of depression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional (observational) study was conducted on fifty known patients of depression, aged 18–65 years, and fifty healthy, age-matched, normal controls. HRV test was conducted, and the results were analyzed statistically using Student's “t”-test for equal variance, for various parameters. RESULTS: The study showed that the differences in mean R-R interval(s), mean HR (beats/min), very low frequency (VLF) power (milliseconds squared [ms2]), and low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) power (%) (LF/HF ratio) among controls and cases were statistically highly significant, while the differences in LF power (ms2) in controls and cases were statistically significant. However, the differences in basic anthropometric parameters, STD (standard deviation of the normal to normal)(s), root mean square successive difference (ms), NN50 (count), pNN50 (%), VLF peak (Hz), LF peak (Hz), HF peak (Hz), HF power (ms2), VLF power (%), LF power (%), HF power (%), LF power (nu), and HF power (nu) were found to be statistically insignificant. CONCLUSION: Depression leads to changes in autonomic control of the body and changes the autonomic balance in favor of an increased sympathetic tone, which can be detected with fair accuracy with HRV analysis.
Reptilian Placentation: Structural Diversity and Terminology

Review of the literature on reptilian placental terminology reveals that confusion associated with the assignment of terms to different placental organs is unwarranted. Reptilian placentae can be assigned easily to one of four distinct structural types defined by the extraembryonic membranes that are involved in placental formation. The terms "allantoplacenta" and "chorioallantoic placenta" have consistently been applied to the organ formed by the chorioallantoic membrane and adjacent uterine epithelium. Some confusion, however, has been associated with the assignment of terms to regions of the yolk sac that participate in placentation. We recognize two distinct types of yolk sac placentation: 1) the "choriovitelline placenta," defined as the apposition of the vascularized trilaminar omphalopleure (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm) and the uterine epithelium; and 2) the "omphaloplacenta," which consists of the non-vascular omphalopleure (ectoderm, endoderm) of the isolated yolk mass and associated structures, in apposition to the uterine epithelium. The "omphalallantoic placenta," constituting the fourth structural category, forms as the outer allantoic membrane becomes apposed to the inner margin of the omphaloplacenta. Based upon these definitions, both chorioallantoic and choriovitelline placentation occur among reptiles, marsupials and eutherians, whereas omphaloplacentation and amphalallantoic placentation are unique to squlamates.
Cold Resistance of 4 types of Central Plains Tree Peony Cultivars in Harbin Area

Through cold stress treatment on the following varities: 'Doulv','Luoyang Hong','Shouan Hong' and 'Yaohuang' which belong to central plains tree peony cultivars,the relative conductivity,malonaldehyde,soluble sugar and soluble protein of their roots and branches were measured,finally the dynamic change law of physiological index were obtained,and the anatomical structure of roots was observed.The results are as follows: 'Doulv' performs the strongest cold resistance,and 'Luoyang Hong' shows the weakest.The relative conductivity,malonaldehyde,soluble sugar and soluble protein show significant correlation.Anatomy showed that roots' tissue included 3 layers: epiderm,cortex and stele.Starch grains in phloem increased obviously in deep dormancy compared with growth period,the quantity of starch grains increased in peony's roots expressed important relation to cold resistance of central plains tree peony.This research can provide theoretical basis for popularization and application of central plains tree peony cultivars in cold area.
Saltation in the Pygopodid lizard, Delma tincta

Escape saltation is a characteristic behavior of many pygopodid lizards and has been reported in members of the genera Aclys (Kluge, 1974), Ophidiocephalus (Ehmann, 1980) and Delma (Kluge, 1974; Swanson, 1976; Jenkins and Bartell, 1980). "[Delma] tincta appears to be one of the most excitable species of pygopodids. When an individual is disturbed it twists its body and jumps in a fantastic display of acrobatics" (Kluge, 1974:125). Despite its striking nature no analysis of this trait has been presented previously. Here I provide a detailed description of jumping behavior in D. tincta.
Parental decision regret in childhood hypospadias surgery: A systematic review

We conducted a systematic review of the literature to establish the prevalence of and predictive factors for parental decision regret in hypospadias surgery. A search strategy without language restrictions was developed with expert help, and two reviewers undertook independent study selection. Five studies were included in this review (four for quantitative analysis) with a total of 783 participants. The mean overall prevalence of parental decision regret was 65.2% (moderate to severe – 20.3%). Although significant predictors of regret were identified (post‐operative complications, small size glans, meatal location, decision conflict between parents, parental educational level and others), they had unexplained discordance between studies. Parental decision regret after proximal hypospadias surgery and refusing surgery was inadequately reported. In conclusion, even though the prevalence of parental decision regret after consenting for the hypospadias repair appears to be high, risk factors associated with it were discordant suggesting imprecision in estimates due to unknown confounders.
Diagnosis and treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major health problem worldwide. Especially, multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), which is defined as TB that shows resistance to both isoniazid and rifampicin, is a barrier in the treatment of TB. Globally, approximately 3.4% of new TB patients and 20% of the patients with a history of previous treatment for TB were diagnosed with MDR-TB. The treatment of MDR-TB requires medications for a long duration (up to 20–24 months) with less effective and toxic second-line drugs and has unfavorable outcomes. However, treatment outcomes are expected to improve due to the introduction of a new agent (bedaquiline), repurposed drugs (linezolid, clofazimine, and cycloserine), and technological advancement in rapid drug sensitivity testing. The World Health Organization (WHO) released a rapid communication in 2018, followed by consolidated guidelines for the treatment of MDR-TB in 2019 based on clinical trials and an individual patient data meta-analysis. In these guidelines, the WHO suggested reclassification of second-line anti-TB drugs and recommended oral treatment regimens that included the new and repurposed agents. The aims of this article are to review the treatment strategies of MDR-TB based on the 2019 WHO guidelines regarding the management of MDR-TB and the diagnostic techniques for detecting resistance, including phenotypic and molecular drug sensitivity tests.
Current perspective on diagnosis, epidemiological assessment, prevention strategies, and potential therapeutic interventions for severe acute respiratory infections caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)

ABSTRACT Coronaviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses that cause severe respiratory, enteric, and systemic infections in a vast range of hosts, including man, fish, mammals, and avian. Scientific interest has heightened on coronaviruses after the emergence of the 2019 novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). This review provides current perspectives on morphology, genetic diversity, transmission characteristics, replication cycle, diagnostic approaches, epidemiological assessment, and prevention strategies against the SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, different potential biotherapeutics such as small drug molecules, different vaccines, and immunotherapies to control severe acute respiratory infections caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) are repurposed and discussed with different mechanistic approaches. The current growth trends of the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 outbreak globally and preventive measures are briefly discussed. Furthermore, the lessons learned from the COVID-19 outbreak, so far, concluding remarks and future directions for controlling for COVID-19, are also recommended for a safer tomorrow.
Using a Simple Cellular Assay to Map NES Motifs in Cancer-Related Proteins, Gain Insight into CRM1-Mediated NES Export, and Search for NES-Harboring Micropeptides

The nuclear export receptor CRM1 (XPO1) recognizes and binds specific sequence motifs termed nuclear export signals (NESs) in cargo proteins. About 200 NES motifs have been identified, but over a thousand human proteins are potential CRM1 cargos, and most of their NESs remain to be identified. On the other hand, the interaction of NES peptides with the “NES-binding groove” of CRM1 was studied in detail using structural and biochemical analyses, but a better understanding of CRM1 function requires further investigation of how the results from these in vitro studies translate into actual NES export in a cellular context. Here we show that a simple cellular assay, based on a recently described reporter (SRVB/A), can be applied to identify novel potential NESs motifs, and to obtain relevant information on different aspects of CRM1-mediated NES export. Using cellular assays, we first map 19 new sequence motifs with nuclear export activity in 14 cancer-related proteins that are potential CRM1 cargos. Next, we investigate the effect of mutations in individual NES-binding groove residues, providing further insight into CRM1-mediated NES export. Finally, we extend the search for CRM1-dependent NESs to a recently uncovered, but potentially vast, set of small proteins called micropeptides. By doing so, we report the first NES-harboring human micropeptides.
Tributyrin Attenuates Metabolic and Inflammatory Changes Associated with Obesity through a GPR109A-Dependent Mechanism

Obesity is linked with altered microbial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are a signature of gut dysbiosis and inflammation. In the present study, we investigated whether tributyrin, a prodrug of the SCFA butyrate, could improve metabolic and inflammatory profiles in diet-induced obese mice. Mice fed a high-fat diet for eight weeks were treated with tributyrin or placebo for another six weeks. We show that obese mice treated with tributyrin had lower body weight gain and an improved insulin responsiveness and glucose metabolism, partly via reduced hepatic triglycerides content. Additionally, tributyrin induced an anti-inflammatory state in the adipose tissue by reduction of Il-1β and Tnf-a and increased Il-10, Tregs cells and M2-macrophages. Moreover, improvement in glucose metabolism and reduction of fat inflammatory states associated with tributyrin treatment were dependent on GPR109A activation. Our results indicate that exogenous targeting of SCFA butyrate attenuates metabolic and inflammatory dysfunction, highlighting a potentially novel approach to tackle obesity.
The Sorbus spp.—Underutilised Plants for Foods and Nutraceuticals: Review on Polyphenolic Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Potential

The Sorbus spp. are valuable plants, which have been used for ornamental purposes, in traditional medicines and less seldom in foods. Recent studies have revealed different anatomical parts of the Sorbus spp. to contain valuable phytochemicals demonstrating various bioactivities. However, in terms of applications in the products intended for human consumption, Sorbus still remains as an underutilised genus. The increasing number of studies on phytochemicals, antioxidant potential and other bioactivities of Sorbus extracts has revealed the prospects of expanding its use in natural medicines, cosmetics and as innovative food ingredients, which might find wider applications in functional foods and/or nutraceuticals. Caffeoylquinic acids, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins have been reported in various Sorbus spp. as the most abundant polyphenolic antioxidants. The preparations of various plant anatomical parts have been used in ethnopharmacology as natural remedy for treating bacterial, viral, inflammatory diseases including tumors. Sorbus spp. plant parts have also been tested for management of diabetes, neurological, and cardiovascular disorders. The present review is focused on Sorbus plants (in total 27 Sorbus spp.), their composition and properties in terms of developing promising ingredients for foods, nutraceutical, cosmeceutical and other applications. It is expected that this review will assist in designing further studies of rowans and other Sorbus spp. in order to expand their uses for various human applications.
Analysis of Whole Genome Resequencing Datasets from a Worldwide Sample of Sheep Breeds to Identify Potential Causal Mutations Influencing Milk Composition Traits

Simple Summary Most of the production of sheep’s milk is used in the manufacture of mature cheeses. The milk composition has a strong influence on the technological and organoleptic properties of dairy products. Several genetic polymorphisms have been related to variations of milk protein and milk fatty acid content. The use of whole genome resequencing (WGR) has encouraged the discovery of polymorphisms in the sheep genome. Exploiting information derived from a large number of sheep WGR datasets, this study aimed to evaluate the variability of 24 candidate genes involved in physiological pathways related to milk production. The genetic variants highlighted by this work have a potential influence on the function of the protein encoded by the candidate genes. The relevance of sheep milk composition on the cheese-making industry enhances the potential interest of the present study as the variants highlighted herein could be considered to increase the efficiency of breeding programs currently applied to dairy sheep populations. Further studies would be needed to understand the role of these genetic variants on milk production traits. Abstract Different studies have shown that polymorphisms in the sequence of genes coding for the milk proteins and milk fatty acids are associated with milk composition traits as well as with cheese-making traits. However, the lack of coincident results across sheep populations has prevented the use of this information in sheep breeding programs. The main objective of this study was to exploit the information derived from a total of 175 whole genome resequencing (WGR) datasets from 43 domestic sheep breeds and three wild sheep to evaluate the genetic diversity of 24 candidate genes for milk composition and identify genetic variants with a potential phenotypic effect. The functional annotation of the identified variants highlighted five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) predicted to have a high impact on the protein function and 42 missense SNPs with a putative deleterious effect. When comparing the allelic frequencies at these 47 polymorphisms with relevant functional effects between the genomes of Assaf and Churra sheep breeds, two missense deleterious variants were identified as potential markers associated to the milk composition differences found between the Churra and Assaf: XDH:92215727C>T and LALBA:137390760T>C. Future research is required to confirm the effect of the potential functionally relevant variants identified in the present study on milk composition and cheese-making traits.
Associations between Motor Competence, Physical Self-Perception and Autonomous Motivation for Physical Activity in Children

Research indicates that children and adolescents gradually participate less in physical activity with age. Several factors are associated with children’s physical activity levels, such as motor performance, self-perception of athletic competence and motivation to physical activity. To gain a better understanding of the factors of importance for behavior related to an active lifestyle, the purpose of this study was to investigate the association between motor competence, physical self-perception and autonomous motivation and to examine to what extent this association may vary by sex. The sample consisted of 101 children, whose average age was 11.7 years (SD = 0.57), 53 boys and 48 girls. All subjects were measured on motor competence, physical self-perception and autonomous motivation for physical activity. The results indicate a low positive relationship between motor competence and physical self-perception for the entire sample and among girls. There is also a significant correlation between autonomous motivation and physical self-perception. No significant correlations were found between autonomous motivation and motor competence. The association between physical self-perception and autonomous motivation suggests that psychological factors play an important role in children’s participation in physical activity.