Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Relictual Species on the Morphology of a Hybridizing Oak Complex: An Analysis of the Quercus X Undulata Complex in the Four Corners Region

ABSTRACT. The genus Quercus represents an important component of the scrublands and low forests of the Four Corners area of northeastern Arizona, southeastern Utah, southwestern Colorado, and northwestern New Mexico. The area is dominated by the widespread Quercus gambelii, although relictual and marginal populations of Q. turbinella and Q. havardii are also present. Hybridization among these 3 species is common, leading to much variability in phenotypic traits, and this hybridization forms part of the widespread complex of hybrid oaks recognized as Q. x undulata. Multivariate analysis of leaf morphology was performed in 9 populations, representing the various taxa and levels of hybridization. This analysis was intended to determine the distinctiveness conferred by, and extent of influence from, hybridization and successive introgression. It was found that, though common, hybridization seems to act at very restricted spatial scales and not in the production of a region-wide hybrid swarm. Most hybridization occurs between the predominant Q. gambelii and Q. turbinella. Quercus havardii appears to maintain itself as a fairly discrete taxon, with little gene exchange among congener species. Though morphological introgression actively occurs only at the local population level, it seems to have significantly altered the morphology of the parental species. This seems to be supporting evidence for extensive introgression toward the southern Q. turbinella when its distribution was more widespread. This asymmetric introgression toward Q. turbinella suggests a pattern of character coherence and the presence of a suite of advantageous traits, which may allow the species to enlarge its niche via hybridization.
Quantum dynamics as an analog of conditional probability (12 pages)

Quantum theory can be regarded as a noncommutative generalization of classical probability. From this point of view, one expects quantum dynamics to be analogous to classical conditional probabilities. In this paper, a variant of the well-known isomorphism between completely positive maps and bipartite density operators is derived, which makes this connection much more explicit. This isomorphism is given an operational interpretation in terms of statistical correlations between ensemble preparation procedures and outcomes of measurements. Finally, the isomorphism is applied to elucidate the connection between no-cloning and no-broadcasting theorems and the monogamy of entanglement, and a simplified proof of the no-broadcasting theorem is obtained as a by-product.
An Articulated Pes from a Small Parvicursorine Alvarezsauroid Dinosaur from Inner Mongolia, China

A near complete and articulated parvicursorine pes from the Campanian Wulansuhai Formation is described. This pes is referred to the genus Linhenykus and is one of the first foot skeletons to be described for a derived alvarezsaur, providing new information on the first digit of the pes. The evolution of a laterally directed flange of the anterior face of the distal third metatarsal in arctometatarsalian taxa is described and discussed. This flange may have increased stability of the foot during cursorial locomotion and may also provide useful taxonomic and systematic data.
Reconstructed three-dimensional electron momentum density in lithium: A Compton scattering study

The three-dimensional electron momentum density {rho}(p) in Li is reconstructed via a direct Fourier transform method which is free from functional assumptions concerning the shape of {rho}(p). For this purpose, 12 high-resolution Compton profiles are measured, and corresponding highly accurate computations carried out within the band theory framework. Extensive comparisons between the {rho}(p)'s reconstructed from the theoretical and experimental profiles with each other and with the true (without reconstruction) underlying computed {rho}(p) are used to gain insight into the accuracy of our procedures, and to delineate the effects of various parameters (filtering, resolution, etc.) on the reconstructed {rho}(p). The propagation of errors is considered in detail, and a general formula appropriate for the present direct Fourier method is derived. The experimental {rho}(p) (in comparison to the theoretical results) shows a substantially more smeared out break at the Fermi momentum p{sub f}, and a shift of spectral weight from below to above p{sub f}, clearly indicating the importance of electron correlation effects beyond the local-density approximation for a proper description of the ground-state momentum density. The question of deducing Fermi-surface radii in terms of the position of the inflection point in the slope of {rho}(p) in the presence of finite resolutionmore » is examined at length. The experimental Fermi surface and its asphericity is in good overall accord with theoretical predictions, except that band theory predicts a bulging of the Fermi surface along the [110] direction, which is greater than seen in the measurements; however, our analysis suggests that the set of 12 directions used in the present experiments may not be optimal (in number or orientations) for observing this rather localized Fermi-surface feature. « less
Inside Money, Outside Money and Short Term Interest Rates

This paper presents a quantitative general equilibrium model with multiple monetary aggregates. The framework incorporates a banking sector and distinguishes between M1, the monetary base, currency and various measures of reserves: total, excess and non borrowed. We use a variant of the model to analyze two sets of empirical facts. The first set of facts is that different monetary aggregates covary differently with short term nominal interest rates. Broad monetary aggregates like M1 and the monetary base covary positively with current and future values of short term interest rates. In contrast, the non borrowed reserves of banks covary negatively with current and future interest rates. Observations like this `sign switch' lie at the core of recent debates about the effects of monetary policy actions on short term interest rates. According to our model, the sign switch occurs because movements in non borrowed reserves are dominated by exogenous shocks to monetary policy, while movements in the base and M1 are dominated by endogenous responses to non-policy shocks. The second set of facts that we consider is that broad monetary aggregates covary positively with output. We quantify the Friedman and Schwartz hypothesis that this covariation reflects the effects of exogenous shocks to monetary policy, and the hypothesis that they reflect the endogenous response of monetary aggregates to shocks in the private economy.
Effects of Detergent (Alkylbenzenesulfonate) on the Haematology of Clarias Gariepinus

The general problems of the detergent with emphasis on the haematology were investigated on Clarias gariepinus (post-juvenile) with mixed different concentrations of detergent in their compounded feed. The fish was grouped into six sets, comprising of 20 fish samples each. The control sample (sample A) was given normal feed composition with zero percent detergent concentration. The fish had access to feed for about 4 weeks for the test experiment. The haematology analysis of the exposed fish showed marked reduction in the packed cell volume ( 28, 13, 26, 26, 28 and 24%) for 0 – 10% of detergent concentration respectively, haemoglobin ( 9.4, 4.3, 8.6, 8.6, 8.6 and 6.7 g/dL), white blood cell, red blood cell and differentials. The blood of the exposed fish had close dependent hypochromasia, macrocytosis, microcytosis, eosinophilia and arisocytosis. A significant difference also exists between the blood parameters of the control (initial) fish and the blood parameters of the fish exposed to various concentrations of detergent i.e. PCV ( 0.26 a and 0.24 a ), WBC ( 10167 a and 9000 a ), RBC (3.31 a and 3.07 a ). The result of this research highlighted health hazards of detergent to C. gariepinus.
DEVELOPMENT PROCESS AND EVALUATION OF A CUSTOMER SERVICE CHAT APPLICATION

This thesis presents a customer service chat application: Livezhat mobile application. Its purpose is to allow customer service representatives chat with website visitors in real time, independent of the location. We examine the functional requirements of such an application. The requirements are: interactivity, enhancing customer relationships and satisfaction, good quality and fulfilling a need. The application is communicating with two servers to provide notifications and enable information exchange. It was found to enhance customer relationships with its quality and interactivity. According to survey evaluation, the application was easy to use and appealing. Out of two customers who used the application during a test period, one used the application rather much. Other feedback from the evaluation provided us a chance to improve the application in the future. The thesis' contributions are: the design, implementation and evaluation of a novel customer service chat application used in mobile devices.
Assessing Effects of Prices and Advertising on Purchases of Finfish and Shellfish in a Local Market in Texas

Abstract Estimates of demand parameters for disaggregate finfish and shellfish products were obtained using scanner data from a retail food firm in Houston. Demand for the various products was elastic (except for oysters); in general, cross-price effects play a statistically significant role in pounds sold per 1000 customers. Own-advertisement effects are important, but cross-advertisement effects are generally marginal. Seasonality is a key factor in purchases of most finfish and shellfish products.
Connecting pattern-based learning designs with analytics: the case of the PyramidApp

Comunicacio presentada a: Workshop on Connecting Learning Analytics and Learning Design (CLAD 2016), celebrat juntament a 11th European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning (EC-TEL 2016), del 13 al 16 de setembre de 2016 a Lyon, Franca.
Political Scandals as a Democratic Challenge| Powerful and Powerless: Psychological Reactions of Norwegian Politicians Exposed in Media Scandals

Fourteen Norwegian politicians, subject to scandalizing media exposure, were interviewed about their experiences, reactions, and ways of coping. The participants expressed deep feelings of injustice and powerlessness related to the proportion of the coverage, the journalistic practices, and the use of anonymous statements. Most significant were the extent of the exposure, attacks on personal and moral attributes, harmful effects on significant others, and betrayal by political colleagues. It was difficult to publicize their own version of the story or correct dubious facts. They experienced stress both in direct encounters with media and related to the reactions of their family members, friends, and colleagues. Long-term effects were loss of trust in others and avoidance of public exposure. Media coping strategies included approaching personal media contacts, counterattacks, and keeping a low profile. Emotional coping strategies involved conducting business as usual and self-control instructions.
The Socioeconomic Determinants of Crime. A Review of the Literature

Starting from Becker’s seminal paper we review the first contributions to the economics of crime, stressing how with the first model of criminal choice, due to Becker, the way of conceiving criminal behaviours has drastically changed. In fact, criminal choice ceases to be viewed as determined by mental illness or bad attitudes, but it is considered on the basis of a maximization problem in which agents have to compare costs and benefits of legal and illegal activities taking in account the probability of being arrested and punished and the expected returns from crime. Criminal decision is an economic choice by rational agents. In the second part of the survey, in which we focus our attention on empirical works, we present the main recent contributions to the economics of crime; in particular we outline the determinants of criminal behaviours and explore the relationships existing between crime and socioeconomic variables emerging from the literature. In fact, the economics of crime interacts with different and heterogeneous fields (i.e. sociology, criminology, psychiatry and geography). It is closely related to poverty, social exclusion, wage and income inequality, cultural and family background, level of education and other economic and social factors that may affect individual’s propensity to commit crimes such as cultural characteristics, age and sex.
Quantum Statistical Properties of the Interactions of Atom-Field Entanglement between Conducting Plates

The electromagnetic field inside perfectly conducting parallel plates interacting with two-level atom is investigated. The cavity modes are firstly quantized, allowing the effective Hamiltonian to be evaluated for an electric dipole located at an arbitrary point. Some statistical aspect of this effective Hamiltonian such as the temporal evolution of the atomic inversion and the von Neuman entropy are presented. Theses aspects are sensitive to the changes of the distance between the two plates, which control the number of the propagating of the cavity modes.
Serie Documentos de Trabajo N 224 CONVERGENCE AND GROWTH : REVISITED

The present paper builds on the work of Caselli, Esquivel and Lefort (1996) where growth equations are estimated using the Generalized Moment Method. It is shown here that the results of those authors are biased due to a methodological problem. The convergence rate of around 12% that they report is overestimated and the real rate is in fact around 3 or 4 %; in line with earlier studies. The results found are robust to various new dynamic panel estimation techniques, although the significant differences are indicated when making inferences if variance corrections are not considered for estimators that use the Generalized Moment Method.
Significance of probiotic encapsulation and deficiencies within

Health stimulating claims attributed to probiotics are dependent on their viability and numbers in the intestinal tract. Probiotics must survive to reach the small intestine and colonize there for appropriate hindrance and control of several gastrointestinal diseases. Microencapsulation is considered to be a promising approach to improve the survival rates of probiotic microorganisms by providing a physical barrier against harsh conditions mainly against acidity, drying during processing, oxygen toxicity and temperature to protect microorganisms and to deliver them into the gut. Encapsulated probiotics also have been found to augment the sensory properties of probiotics containing products. Specific use of the proper encapsulating material for particular probiotic cells determines the efficacy of the process. Development of carbohydrates or protein based protective matrix compatible to probiotics added more robustness in process. Although, none of the methods used for encapsulation fulfills all the criteria for ideal encapsulated technique. Commonly used encapsulation process are liable to structural defects, high performance cost and not scaled up easily in limited duration. In future, development of more genetically robust strains, recognition of potent applications with minimized large scale microencapsulation techniques can up thrust commercialization.
Optimal Extraction of Gallic Acid from Suaeda glauca Bge. Leaves and Enhanced Efficiency by Ionic Liquids

The ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was initially applied to extract gallic acid from Suaeda glauca Bge. using 70% ethanol as extraction solvent. Temperature, liquid-solid ratio, and extraction time were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM), obtaining maximum levels of gallic acid (6.30 mg·g−1) at 51°C, 19.52 mL·g−1, and 42.68 min, respectively. The obtained model was statistically significant (). The verification experiments at the optimum conditions yielded gallic acid for 6.21 mg·g−1. Subsequently, under optimal conditions, four ionic liquids were used to extract gallic acid from Suaeda glauca Bge. The results indicated that the presence of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride allowed increasing the EE of gallic acid up to 8.90 mg·g−1. This might be interpreted in terms of the molecular interaction between ionic liquid and gallic acid. The use of ionic liquids involves a stronger gallic acid extraction capacity than conventional organic volatile solvents. A promising alternative process is proposed for the extraction of gallic acid of Suaeda glauca Bge.
Adhesive Wear Behavior of Heat Treated Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron

Spheroidal graphite cast iron is one of the most favorable materials in cast iron family due to its wide range of mechanical and tribological properties. In the current research priority is given towards the investigation of wear system response of spheroidal graphite cast iron subjected to various heat treatment conditions. Pearlitic/ferritic and upper bainitic matrix was obtained through normalizing and austempering treatment for an austenitizing temperature of 1000°C. Dry sliding wear test was performed at 10N, 20N, 30N for a sliding distance of 7.54m. With increase in load weight loss was observed for as-cast specimen whereas normalized specimen showed very less weight loss with increasing load. On the other hand the austempered specimen observed to lose weight when operated at 10N, whereas at 20N and 30N drastic gain in weight was observed.
Stability of Acacia stuhlmannii (Taub) Extracts as a Botanical Control Option to Ralstonia solanacearum

: In this study, root bark extracts of A. stuhlmannii were subjected to variations in pH, temperature and UV-B (ultra violet-B) then evaluated for bioactivity against Ralstonia solanacearum. Crude fractions of ethanol and hexane extracts were obtained separately through single solvent maceration technique. Bioactivity was carried out using disc diffusion method against R. solanacearum cultures. Extracts not subjected to variations to the test environmental conditions were used as control(s). Petri-plates were incubated at 35°C for 36 hrs then assessed for their ability to suppress growth of pathogen invivo and the inhibition zone diameters (IZDs) recorded in millimeter. Means from eight replications were analyzed for variance at 5% probability level. Means with P < 0.05 were considered significantly different using Tukey multiple comparison tool using R studio version Ri386 3.0. 2 statistical package. Both hexane (non-polar) and ethanol (polar) extracts were relatively stable against changes in pH, temperatures and UV-B (280–315 nm) activity. Findings in this study recommend application of A. stuhlmannii root extract as stable control of Ralstonia solanacearum that cause bacterial wilt disease.
Using pathway correlation profiles for understanding pathway perturbation

Identifying perturbed or dysregulated pathways is critical to understanding the biological processes that change within an experiment. Previous methods identified important pathways that are significantly enriched among differentially expressed genes; however, these methods cannot account for small, coordinated changes in gene expression that amass across a whole pathway. In order to overcome this limitation, we developed a novel computational approach to identify pathway perturbation based on pathway correlation profiles. In this approach, we can rank the pathways based on the significance of their dysregulation considering al gene-gene pairs. We have shown this successfully for differences between two experimental conditions in Escherichia coli and changes within time series data in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as well as two estrogen receptor response classes of breast cancer. Overall, our method made significant predictions as to the pathway perturbations that are involved in the experimental conditions. Further, I can use these pathway correlation profiles to better understand pathway dynamics and modules of regulation. I have applied this developed method to the Ribosome pathway for several model organisms and various tissue types, where I was able to isolate alternative regulation patterns for each species and tissue. In addition, I have applied these pathway correlation profiles for the MAPK pathway to help characterize the disease progression of colon cancer from normal tissue, through all four stages, culminating in final metastasis. The pathway correlation profile method allows for more meaningful and biologically significant interpretation of the current data available. In short, we developed a novel computational method for identifying pathway perturbation. This method is a powerful tool that better utilizes gene expression data when studying pathway dynamics in regards to biological processes. Moreover, this method provides hypotheses for understanding the mechanisms within meaningful pathways, and where the pathway dynamics change across conditions.
Indecisiveness, Undesirability and Overload Revealed Through Rational Choice Deferral

Three reasons why decision makers may defer choice are *indecisiveness* between various feasible options, *unattractiveness* of these options, and *choice overload*. This paper provides a choice-theoretic explanation for each of these phenomena by means of three deferral-permitting models of decision making that are driven by preference incompleteness, undesirability and complexity constraints, respectively. These models feature *rational* choice deferral in the sense that whenever the individual does not defer, he chooses a most preferred feasible option. As a result, choices are always consistent with the Weak Axiom of Revealed Preference. The three models suggest novel ways in which observable data can be used to recover preferences as well as their indecisiveness, desirability and complexity components or thresholds. Several examples illustrate the relevance of these models in empirical and theoretical applications.
Rate of Fetal Macrosomia with Maternal and Early Neonatal Complications in Internally Moved People Affected by Violence

Background: Fetal macrosomia is usually distressing to obstetricians and neonatologists. In the current study, involved mothers had poor social and medical circumstances, as they were migrated forcefully within the country borders due to war, from their original homeland to safer camps which had miserable situations. Objectives: To study rate, risk factors, and complications of macrosomia in people with low socio-economic living conditions and missed medical follow up. Methods: All internally displaced pregnant women who gave birth to neonates weighed ≥4000 g were involved in the study. All required history, examination, care, and investigations were practiced by the attending obstetrician and neonatologist. Cases of normal birth weight neonates from the same sample of internally moved mothers were considered as controls. Results: Fetal macrosomia rate was 15.77% (143 out of 907). Observed significant macrosomia risk factors were maternal age ≥30 years, multiparity, body mass index ≥30, previous or family history of macrosomia, gestational age >40 weeks, cesarean section, diabetes, and hypertension. Meconiumstained liquor, shoulder dystocia, uterine atony, and genital trauma, were major maternal complications, while main neonatal sequelae were Apgar score (>7) at first minute, birth asphyxia, admission to NICU, hypoglycemia, polycythemia, and respiratory distress. Conclusion: Higher rate and more frequently encountered risk factors of macrosomia than national and international figures found in our sample (of forcefully moved mothers) were probably related to poor living circumstances, and absence of regular medical follow up with antenatal care.