Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Timing of Decompressive Craniectomy for Malignant Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction: A Single-Center Analysis

Background and aim: Malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMCAI) usually leads to brain edema that may result in transtentorial herniation and brainstem compression. The prognosis of MMCAI is generally poor. The aim of this study was to discuss our experience with surgical decompression for MMCAI, and determine the association between timing of craniectomy and neurological outcomes. Methods: We identified consecutive patients diagnosed with MMCAI who underwent decompressive craniectomy (DC). Clinical and demographic data were obtained from electronic medical records, including: age, sex, preoperative Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, surgery timing, postoperative GCS scores, and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores. Results: This study included 27 stroke patients (aged 38–80 years) operated within 72 h of the onset of neurological symptoms. Sixteen, five, and six patients underwent DC within 24 h, between 24 and 48 h, and after 48 h after onset of symptoms, respectively. Five patients died after the surgery. Patients who underwent DC within 24 h and 24–48 h had better mean GCS scores than those who underwent DC after 48 h (p = 0.000, p = 0.015). In addition, patients who underwent DC within 24 h had better mean postoperative mRS scores (p = 0.000) than other patients. Patients older than 60 years had significantly lower GCS scores (p = 0.027) and higher mRS scores (p = 0.033) than younger patients. Conclusion: Our findings support that DC had satisfying outcomes in patients who underwent DC within 24 h. Older age and lower Glasgow Coma Scale scores among DC patients with MMCAI are associated with high morbidity and mortality.
Application of eye trackers for understanding mental disorders: Cases for schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder

Studies of eye movement have become an essential tool of basic neuroscience research. Measures of eye movement have been applied to higher brain functions such as cognition, social behavior, and higher‐level decision‐making. With the development of eye trackers, a growing body of research has described eye movements in relation to mental disorders, reporting that the basic oculomotor properties of patients with mental disorders differ from those of healthy controls. Using discrimination analysis, several independent research groups have used eye movements to differentiate patients with schizophrenia from a mixed population of patients and controls. Recently, in addition to traditional oculomotor measures, several new techniques have been applied to measure and analyze eye movement data. One research group investigated eye movements in relation to the risk of autism spectrum disorder several years prior to the emergence of verbal‐behavioral abnormalities. Research on eye movement in humans in social communication is therefore considered important, but has not been well explored. Since eye movement patterns vary between patients with mental disorders and healthy controls, it is necessary to collect a large amount of eye movement data from various populations and age groups. The application of eye trackers in the clinical setting could contribute to the early treatment of mental disorders.
The Clinical Spectrum of Autosomal‐Dominant Episodic Ataxias

Autosomal‐dominant episodic ataxias (EAs) represent a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by recurrent episodes of cerebellar ataxia (CA). Ataxia episodes are usually of short duration and often triggered by specific stimuli. There are currently seven classified subtypes of EA. EA types 1 and 2 have the highest prevalence and are therefore the clinically most relevant. Between attacks, EA 1 is associated with myokymia. In EA 2, often an interictal downbeat nystagmus with other cerebellar ocular dysfunctions is present; patients with EA 2 may display slowly progessive ataxia and vermian atrophy. EA 1 and 2 are both channelopathies, affecting the potassium channel gene, KCNA1, in EA 1 and the PQ calcium channel‐encoding gene, CACNA1A, in EA 2. The types EA 3 to 7 are very rare and have to be further elucidated. Here, we review the historical, clinical, and genetic aspects of autosomal‐dominant EAs and their current treatment, focusing on EA 1 and 2.
Volume Capnography in the Intensive Care Unit: Potential Clinical Applications

&NA; Volume capnography provides a noninvasive, continuous display of the fractional concentration or partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) versus exhaled volume. Derived measurements and calculations are influenced by changes in both ventilation and perfusion and are therefore useful for assessing both respiratory and cardiovascular function. This article provides an evidence‐based review of several potential uses of volume capnography in the intensive care unit: 1) monitoring the effectiveness of ventilation by using end‐tidal PCO2 as a surrogate for arterial PCO2, 2) assessing volume responsiveness, 3) measuring cardiac output, 4) determining prognosis in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome, 5) optimizing alveolar recruitment, and 6) excluding pulmonary embolism. Studies performed during the past few decades have clearly shown that volume capnography can provide important prognostic information in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and that end‐tidal PCO2 should not be used to estimate or even to monitor the direction of change in the arterial PCO2 in mechanically ventilated intensive care unit patients. Unfortunately, few conclusions can be made from studies evaluating other potential applications. Of these, the most promising are the noninvasive measurement of cardiac output and optimization of alveolar recruitment in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and in mechanically ventilated, morbidly obese patients.
Psoriasis and skin pain: real‐life effectiveness of calcipotriol plus betamethasone dipropionate in aerosol foam formulation

Although 40% of psoriasis patients reported skin pain, this symptom is often underestimated. A new formula of calcipotriol plus betamethasone dipropionate (Cal/BD) has been recently approved for psoriasis treatment. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Cal/BD aerosol foam on skin pain of patients with plaque psoriasis.
Mindsets: A View From Two Eras

A growth mindset is the belief that human capacities are not fixed but can be developed over time, and mindset research examines the power of such beliefs to influence human behavior. This article offers two personal perspectives on mindset research across two eras. Given recent changes in the field, the authors represent different generations of researchers, each focusing on different issues and challenges, but both committed to “era-bridging” research. The first author traces mindset research from its systematic examination of how mindsets affect challenge seeking and resilience, through the ways in which mindsets influence the formation of judgments and stereotypes. The second author then describes how mindset research entered the era of field experiments and replication science, and how researchers worked to create reliable interventions to address underachievement—including a national experiment in the United States. The authors conclude that there is much more to learn but that the studies to date illustrate how an era-bridging program of research can continue to be generative and relevant to new generations of scholars.
Regulation of Myelination by Exosome Associated Retinoic Acid Release from NG2-Positive Cells

In the CNS, oligodendrocytes are responsible for myelin formation and maintenance. Following spinal cord injury, oligodendrocyte loss and an inhibitory milieu compromise remyelination and recovery. Here, we explored the role of retinoic acid receptor-beta (RARβ) signaling in remyelination. Using a male Sprague Dawley rat model of PNS-CNS injury, we show that oral treatment with a novel drug like RARβ agonist, C286, induces neuronal expression of the proteoglycan decorin and promotes myelination and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (NG2+ cells) in a decorin-mediated neuron–glia cross talk. Decorin promoted the activation of RARα in NG2+ cells by increasing the availability of the endogenous ligand RA. NG2+ cells synthesize RA, which is released in association with exosomes. We found that decorin prevents this secretion through regulation of the EGFR–calcium pathway. Using functional and pharmacological studies, we further show that RARα signaling is both required and sufficient for oligodendrocyte differentiation. These findings illustrate that RARβ and RARα are important regulators of oligodendrocyte differentiation, providing new targets for myelination. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study identifies novel therapeutic targets for remyelination after PNS-CNS injury. Pharmacological and knock-down experiments show that the retinoic acid (RA) signaling promotes differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and remyelination in a cross talk between neuronal RA receptor-beta (RARβ) and RARα in NG2+ cells. We show that stimulation of RARα is required for the differentiation of OPCs and we describe for the first time how oral treatment with a RARβ agonist (C286, currently being tested in a Phase 1 trial, ISRCTN12424734) leads to the endogenous synthesis of RA through retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2) in NG2 cells and controls exosome-associated-RA intracellular levels through a decorin–Ca2+ pathway. Although RARβ has been implicated in distinct aspects of CNS regeneration, this study identifies a novel function for both RARβ and RARα in remyelination.
Branch retinal vein occlusion associated with platelet activation

Background/aim The aim of this study is to study subclinical platelet activation by detecting three important platelet activation parameters of mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and plateletcrit (PCT) in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) in comparison to those in healthy control subjects. Materials and methods This prospective study included 43 patients with BRVO (Group 1) and 40 control subjects (Group 2). The levels of MPV, PDW, and PCT were measured in both of the studied groups. Results The mean serum level of MPV value was 7.64 ± 0.64 in Group 1 and 7.39 ± 0.42 in Group 2. Mean serum level of PDW was 15.01 ± 1.56 in Group 1 and 14.43 ± 1.03 in Group 2. Mean serum PCT value was 0.19 ± 0.05 in Group 1 and 0.16 ± 0.04 in Group 2. MPV, PDW, and PCT levels were significantly increased in BRVO patients (P < 0.05). Conclusion Subclinical platelet activation reflected by MPV, PDW, and PCT may have an impact on the genesis of vessel occlusion in BRVO. The results may be important for the clinical management of patients with BRVO.
Extracellular vesicles, news about their role in immune cells: physiology, pathology and diseases

Two types of extracellular vesicles (EVs), exosomes and ectosomes, are generated and released by all cells, including immune cells. The two EVs appear different in many properties: size, mechanism and site of assembly, composition of their membranes and luminal cargoes, sites and processes of release. In functional terms, however, these differences are minor. Moreover, their binding to and effects on target cells appear similar, thus the two types are considered distinct only in a few cases, otherwise they are presented together as EVs. The EV physiology of the various immune cells differs as expected from their differential properties. Some properties, however, are common: EV release, taking place already at rest, is greatly increased upon cell stimulation; extracellular navigation occurs adjacent and at distance from the releasing cells; binding to and uptake by target cells are specific. EVs received from other immune or distinct cells govern many functions in target cells. Immune diseases in which EVs play multiple, often opposite (aggression and protection) effects, are numerous; inflammatory diseases; pathologies of various tissues; and brain diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. EVs also have effects on interactive immune and cancer cells. These effects are often distinct, promoting cytotoxicity or proliferation, the latter together with metastasis and angiogenesis. Diagnoses depend on the identification of EV biomarkers; therapies on various mechanisms such as (1) removal of aggression‐inducing EVs; (2) EV manipulations specific for single targets, with insertion of surface peptides or luminal miRNAs; and (3) removal or re‐expression of molecules from target cells.
Outcomes With Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Versus Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: Can Newer Generation Drug-Eluting Stents Bridge the Gap?

Background—Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) compared with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) reduces mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus. However, prior trials compared CABG with balloon angioplasty or older generation stents, and it is not known if the gap between CABG and PCI can be reduced by newer generation drug-eluting stents. Methods and Results—PUBMED/EMBASE/CENTRAL search for randomized trials comparing mode of revascularization in patients with diabetes mellitus. Primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization, and stroke. Mixed treatment comparison analyses were performed using a random-effects Poisson regression model. Sixty-eight randomized trials that enrolled 24 015 diabetic patients with a total of 71 595 patient-years of follow-up satisfied our inclusion criteria. When compared with CABG (reference rate ratio [RR]=1.0), PCI with paclitaxel-eluting stent (RR=1.57 [1.15–2.19]) or sirolimus-eluting stent (RR=1.43 [1.06–1.97]) was associated with an increase in mortality. However, PCI with cobalt–chromium everolimus-eluting stent (RR=1.11 [0.67–1.84]) was not associated with a statistically significant increase in mortality. When compared with CABG, there was excess repeat revascularization with PCI, which progressively declined from plain old balloon angioplasty (341% increase) to bare metal stent (218% increase) to paclitaxel-eluting stent (81% increase) and to sirolimus-eluting stent (47% increase). However, for PCI with cobalt–chromium everolimus-eluting stent (RR=1.31 [0.74–2.29]), the excess repeat revascularization was not statistically significant although the point estimate favored CABG. CABG was associated with numerically higher stroke. Conclusions—In patients with diabetes mellitus, evidence from indirect comparison shows similar mortality between CABG and PCI using cobalt–chromium everolimus-eluting stent. CABG was associated with numerically excess stroke and PCI with cobalt–chromium everolimus-eluting stent with numerically increased repeat revascularization. This hypothesis needs to be tested in future trials.
Nutritional supplementation in girls influences the growth of their children: prospective study in Guatemala.

BACKGROUND Better early childhood nutrition improves schooling, adult health, skills, and wages, but there is little evidence regarding its effect on the next generation. OBJECTIVE We assessed whether nutritional supplementation in children aged <7 to 15 y affected their children's nutritional status 29-38 y later. DESIGN We studied 791 children 0-12 y who were offspring of 401 Guatemalan women who had participated as children in a nutritional supplementation trial in which 2 villages were randomly assigned to receive a nutritious supplement (atole) and 2 were assigned to receive a less-nutritious supplement (fresco). We compared anthropometric indicators between the offspring of mothers exposed to atole and the offspring of mothers exposed to fresco. RESULTS Compared with the offspring of women exposed to fresco, the offspring of women exposed to atole had a 116-g (95% CI: 17, 215 g) higher birth weight, were 1.3-cm (0.4, 2.2 cm) taller, had a 0.6-cm (0.4, 0.9 cm) greater head circumference, had a 0.26 (0.09, 0.43) greater height-for-age z score, and had a 0.20 (0.02, 0.39) greater weight-for-age z score. The association for height differed by offspring sex. Sons of women exposed to atole were 2.0-cm (95% CI: 1.0, 3.1 cm) taller than the sons of women exposed to fresco. Supplementation was not associated with 6 other offspring anthropometric indicators that reflect measures of adiposity. Supplementation in boys did not affect their children's anthropometric measures. CONCLUSION Nutritional supplementation in girls is associated with substantial increases in their offsprings' (more for sons) birth weight, height, head circumference, height-for-age z score, and weight-for-age z score.
New European Initiatives in Colorectal Cancer Screening: Budapest Declaration

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common newly diagnosed cancer and the second most common cause of death in the European Union (EU). CRC is an enormous health and economic burden. Early detection and prevention have the possibility of reducing this burden significantly. Many cancer-associated deaths can be avoided through early detection by high-quality colorectal screening programs followed by appropriate treatment. Under the auspices of the United European Gastroenterology Federation (UEGF), the European Association for Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, the Hungarian Society of Gastroenterology and the Hungarian College of Gastroenterology, the ‘Budapest Declaration’ (2011) was an accepted official scientific program during the Hungarian Presidency of the Council of the European Union. The Budapest Declaration follows the Munich Declaration (2001), the Brussels Declaration (2007), the Transatlantic Declaration (2009), the Barcelona Declaration (2010), the written declaration of CRC screening, a joint initiative with European Parliamentarians coordinated by the UEGF, and finally, the ‘European Guidelines for Quality Assurance in Colorectal Cancer Screening and Diagnosis’. The ‘Budapest Declaration’ together with previous declarations aims to urge the national and supranational healthcare decision makers to launch new Europe-wide initiatives to establish high-quality CRC programs to achieve optimal efficiency in CRC screening. In case of implementation of the proposals, actions and conditions recommended, we can achieve that one of the basic principles of the EU – the chance of equal access – be realized in member states with respect to the prevention of CRC and reduction of cancer-related mortality. To better achieve this goal, we propose to establish an UEGF joint committee, with one participant representing each EU member state to coordinate and supervise the implementation of CRC screening.
miR-33 and RIP140 participate in LPS-induced acute lung injury

Background/aim Pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) play a pivotal role in the process of acute lung injury (ALI), which can be induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Numerous reports have indicated that both miR-33 and RIP140 are involved in the inflammatory response in macrophages. In this study, we sought to investigate whether miR-33 and RIP140 participate in ALI induced by LPS. Materials and methods First, we isolated and identified PMVECs from BALB/c mice. Subsequently, both PMVECs and BALB/c mice were treated with PBS, LPS, or pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) plus LPS and divided into three groups: control (PBS), LPS (LPS), and L+P (LPS plus PDTC) groups. We assessed pathology by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and miR-33 and RIP140 expression levels were examined using quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses. Results Our results demonstrated that LPS can induce PMVEC injury and ALI and that LPS treatment significantly decreased miR-33 expression compared with controls (P < 0.001, n = 5). On the contrary, RIP140 was markedly overexpressed by LPS treatment (P < 0.001, n = 5). However, this alteration can be inhibited by pretreatment with PDTC before LPS (P < 0.05, n = 5). Conclusion This study is the first to confirm that both miR-33 and RIP140 participate in LPS-induced PMVEC injury and ALI, which may help uncover the mechanism of ALI.
Detecting Personal Life Events from Twitter by Multi-Task LSTM

People are used to log their life on the social media platform. Life event can be expressed explicitly or implicitly in a text description. However, a description does not always contain life events related to a specific individual. To tell if there exist any life events and further know their categories is indispensable for event retrieval. This paper explores various LSTM models to detect and classify life events in tweets. Experiments show that the proposed Multi-Task LSTM model with attention achieves the best performance.
Hyperoxia-induced lung injury increases CDKN1A levels in a newborn rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Abstract Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common, chronic lung disease of infants. Presently, high oxygen exposure and mechanical ventilation considerably influence the development of BPD. To clarify the pathological mechanisms of this disease, we developed a hyperoxia-induced BPD rat model and investigated the role of CDKN1A in the pathogenesis of BPD. Newborn rats were randomly assigned to the hyperoxia (85% O2) and control (normoxia, 21% O2) groups. Lung tissues were collected on days 1, 3, 7, 14, or 21 after the start of hyperoxia or normoxia exposure. The expression of CDKN1A was detected by immunohistochemistry, western blot, and real-time PCR. Starting from day 3, CDKN1A mRNA expression was higher in the hyperoxia group. From day 7, the radial alveolar count was significantly different between the two groups, and on day 14, the hyperoxia group had high CDKN1A protein expression compared to the control group. These results suggest that increased CDKN1A expression may be involved in the pathogenesis of BPD through alveolarization and lung retardation.
The Self-Assembly of Lignin and Its Application in Nanoparticle Synthesis: A Short Review

Lignin serves as a significant contributor to the natural stock of non-fossilized carbon, second only to cellulose in the biosphere. In this review article, we focus on the self-assembly properties of lignin and their contribution to its effective utilization and valorization. Traditionally, investigations on self-assembly properties of lignin have aimed at understanding the lignification process of the cell wall and using it for efficient delignification for commercial purposes. In recent years (mainly the last three years), an increased number of attempts and reports of technical-lignin nanostructure synthesis with controlled particle size and morphology have been published. This has renewed the interests in the self-assembly properties of technical lignins and their possible applications. Based on the sources and processing methods of lignin, there are significant differences between its structure and properties, which is the primary obstacle in the generalized understanding of the lignin structure and the lignification process occurring within cell walls. The reported studies are also specific to source and processing methods. This work has been divided into two parts. In the first part, the aggregation propensity of lignin based on type, source and extraction method, temperature, and pH of solution is discussed. This is followed by a critical overview of non-covalent interactions and their contribution to the self-associative properties of lignin. The role of self-assembly towards the understanding of xylogenesis and nanoparticle synthesis is also discussed. A particular emphasis is placed on the interaction and forces involved that are used to explain the self-association of lignin.
Incidence, features and management of radionecrosis in melanoma patients treated with cerebral radiotherapy and anti‐PD‐1 antibodies

Brain radiotherapy is used in the management of melanoma brain metastases (MBM) and can result in radionecrosis. Anti‐PD‐1 is active in the brain and may increase the risk of radionecrosis when combined with radiotherapy. We studied the incidence, associated factors and management of radionecrosis in longer‐term survivors with MBM treated with this combination.