Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Somatization and psychiatric disorder in the NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area study.

OBJECTIVE Somatization has often been viewed as a defense against awareness of emotional distress or as a masked version of depression. This report examines whether community residents with high levels of functional somatic symptoms also report overt psychological distress and whether somatization is associated with any specific psychiatric disorder. METHOD Analyses used data from the community sample of the National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) study, a population-based survey of psychiatric morbidity among more than 18,000 residents of five U.S. communities. RESULTS Increasing number of somatization symptoms was strongly associated with overt expression of psychological distress and psychiatric symptoms. Among ECA respondents with five or more current functional somatic symptoms, 63% reported current psychological symptoms and 50% met criteria for a current psychiatric diagnosis (compared to 7% and 6%, respectively, among those with no current somatization symptoms). Somatization symptoms showed strongest associations with anxiety and depressive symptoms, intermediate association with symptoms of psychotic disorders, and weakest associations with symptoms of substance abuse and antisocial personality. CONCLUSIONS ECA study respondents with high levels of somatization symptoms typically reported overt psychological distress, especially anxiety and depression. Patterns of response do not support a dissociation between physical and emotional symptoms. Functional somatic symptoms appear to be common expressions of distress instead of defenses against awareness.
What Drives Adaptive Gait Changes to Acutely Presented Monocular Blur?

Purpose. To determine whether gait alterations due to monocular spherical lens blur were a safety strategy or driven by lens magnification. Methods. Adaptive gait and visual function were measured in 10 older adults (mean age, 74.9 ± 4.8 years) with the participants' optimal refractive correction and when monocularly blurred with ±1.00 DS and ±2.00 DS lens over the dominant eye. Adaptive gait measurements for the lead and trail foot included foot position before the raised surface, toe clearance of the raised surface edge, and foot position on the raised surface. Vision measurements included binocular visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and stereoacuity. Results. Equal levels of monocular positive and negative spherical lens blur led to very different stepping strategies when negotiating a raised surface. Positive blur lenses led to an increased vertical toe clearance and reduced distance of the lead foot position on the raised surface. Negative lenses led to the opposite of these changes. Conclusions. Findings suggest that step negotiation strategies were driven by the magnification effect provided by the spherical lenses. Steps appeared closer and larger with magnification from positive lenses and further away and smaller with minification from negative lenses and gait was adjusted accordingly. These results suggest that previously reported adaptive gait changes to monocular spherical lens blur were not safety strategies as previously suggested but driven by lens magnification. The significance of these findings in terms of prescribing large refractive changes in frail older patients is discussed.
Personality profiles in eating disorders: rethinking the distinction between axis I and axis II.

OBJECTIVE Like other DSM-IV axis I syndromes, eating disorders are diagnosed without respect to personality, which is coded on axis II. The authors assessed the utility of segregating eating disorders and personality pathology and examined the extent to which personality patterns account for meaningful variation within axis I eating disorder diagnoses. METHOD One hundred three experienced psychiatrists and psychologists used a Q-sort procedure (the Shedler-Westen Assessment Procedure-200) that assesses personality and personality pathology to describe a patient they were currently treating for bulimia or anorexia. Data were subjected to a cluster-analytic procedure (Q-analysis) to determine whether patients clustered into coherent groupings on the basis of their personality profiles. Categorical and dimensional personality diagnoses were then used to predict measures relevant to adaptation and etiology, controlling for axis I diagnosis. RESULTS Three categories of patients emerged: a high-functioning/perfectionistic group, a constricted/overcontrolled group, and an emotionally dysregulated/undercontrolled group. This categorization demonstrated substantial incremental validity beyond axis I diagnosis in predicting eating disorder symptoms, adaptive functioning (Global Assessment of Functioning scores and history of psychiatric hospitalization), and etiological variables (sexual abuse history). CONCLUSIONS Axis I symptoms are a useful component, but only one component, in the accurate diagnosis of eating disorders. Classifying patients with eating disorders by eating symptoms alone groups together patients with anorexic symptoms who are high functioning and self-critical with those who are highly disturbed, constricted, and avoidant, and groups together patients with bulimic symptoms who are high functioning and self-critical with those who are highly disturbed, impulsive, and emotionally dysregulated. These distinctions may be relevant to etiology, prognosis, and treatment.
Corporate Valuation in the Indian ITeS Sector

The post-global financial crisis outlook for the Indian information technology-enabled services (ITeS) sector is fraught with uncertainty. Several major information technology (IT) companies are in the process of corporate restructuring wherein their ITeS offshoots are being merged back with the parents. The motivation for this trend may be more strategic than financial in nature.Traditionally, enterprise valuation models are either asset-based, earnings-based, or a mixture of these. Assets-based valuation models focus on fixed assets or tangible assets as a source of value creation, while earnings-based valuation models focus on earnings/profitability and growth. For ITeS companies, however, human resources (intangible assets) would be expected to play a more important role in driving value than tangible assets.The present study proposes a model for enterprise value in the ITeS sector involving tangible assets, intangible assets (intellectual capital), and earnings/growth. In particular, the model would explain the relative impact of each of these factors on enterprise value.
Anti-high Mobility Group Box-1 Monoclonal Antibody Protects the Blood–Brain Barrier From Ischemia-Induced Disruption in Rats

Background and Purpose— High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) exhibits inflammatory cytokine-like activity in the extracellular space. We previously demonstrated that intravenous injection of anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) remarkably ameliorated brain infarction induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. In the present study, we focused on the protective effects of the mAb on the marked translocation of HMGB1 in the brain, the disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), and the resultant brain edema. Methods— Middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat was used as the ischemia model. Rats were treated with anti-HMGB1 mAb or control IgG intravenously. BBB permeability was measured by MRI. Ultrastructure of the BBB unit was observed by transmission electron microscope. The in vitro BBB system was used to study the direct effects of HMGB1 in BBB components. Results— HMGB1 was time-dependently translocated and released from neurons in the ischemic rat brain. The mAb reduced the edematous area on T2-weighted MRI. Transmission electron microscope observation revealed that the mAb strongly inhibited astrocyte end feet swelling, the end feet detachment from the basement membrane, and the opening of the tight junction between endothelial cells. In the in vitro reconstituted BBB system, recombinant HMGB1 increased the permeability of the BBB with morphological changes in endothelial cells and pericytes, which were inhibited by the mAb. Moreover, the anti-HMGB1 mAb facilitated the clearance of serum HMGB1. Conclusions— These results indicated that the anti-HMGB1 mAb could be an effective therapy for brain ischemia by inhibiting the development of brain edema through the protection of the BBB and the efficient clearance of circulating HMGB1.
Desynchronized respiratory rhythms and their interactions in cats with split brain stems.

1. The effects on activities and rhythms of the two opposing phrenic nerves (C5 roots) of mid‐line sagittal splitting of the medulla were determined in anaesthetized or decorticate, vagotomized, paralysed and ventilated cats. 2. Splitting the medulla above the obex led to marked decreases of phrenic activity on both sides, but no desynchronization of the two phrenic rhythms occurred. Further splitting to more than 3 mm below the obex led to desynchronized phrenic rhythms in fourteen of the fifteen animals that survived the necessary surgery, although it was often necessary to increase respiratory drive by means of hypercapnia, stimulatory drugs or electrical stimulation of the mesencephalon to cause the rhythms to occur. 3. When only the brain stem had been split, the two desynchronized rhythms showed interactions that led to modulations of amplitude of phrenic bursts, both being larger when in phase than when out of phase. In addition each side modulated the rhythm of the opposite side, demonstrating a ‘magnet’ effect. 4. Both types of modulation were eliminated after additional splitting of the spinal cord at the level (C5‐C6) of the phrenic motoneurone pools. 5. Potential explanations for the amplitude modulations include cross‐over of activity from one phrenic motoneurone pool to the opposite side and cross‐over from the medulla of one side to the opposite phrenic motoneurone pool at the phrenic level. 6. Since the rhythm generators were independent in our preparation and located in the split halves of the medulla and since peripheral sensory feed‐back was not important in these paralysed animals, we propose that the phase modulations must be due to a corollary discharge, an afferent feed‐back driven by phrenic motoneurone activity that crosses the mid‐line at C5‐C6, ascends to the brain and affects respiratory rhythm in the opposite medullary half.
Derivation and Numerical Verification of a Compact Analytical Model for the AC Admittance Response of Nanoelectrodes, Suitable for the Analysis and Optimization of Impedance Biosensors

This paper presents a compact analytical model for the AC response of nanoelectrode-based impedimetric biosensors to dielectric nanoparticles suspended in the electrolyte. The model highlights the functional dependence of the impedance change on the nanoparticle and the system geometrical and physical parameters. The model is carefully verified by means of 2-D simulations carried out with an ad hoc numerical solver of the Poisson-Nernst-Planck (Poisson-Drift-Diffusion) equations. The results can be useful to determine optimum detection conditions for impedimetric nanobiosensors, and to interpret experimental results.
Age prediction using a supervised facial model

Facial rejuvenation has driven a lot of research in the field of dermatology and plastic surgery, leading to many medical procedures. This paper proposes an age prediction method that could be used to better understand the ageing process and to evaluate the benefits of a rejuvenating treatment, for example. A supervised Facial Model (SFM) is built using Partial Least Squares regression (PLSR) to capture and summarize age related changes from a database of front face images. The model describes the changes related to the shape and proportions of facial features, color and texture of the face. Experimental results from a database of 173 Caucasian women pictures demonstrate that the model matches human perception.
A Prognostic-Information-Based Order-Replacement Policy for a Non-Repairable Critical System in Service

This paper proposes a prognostic-information-based joint order-replacement policy for a non-repairable critical system in service. The primary difference from existing work is to take the online condition monitoring data into consideration during the joint decision-making process. Towards this end, the system's degradation trajectory is modeled by a Wiener process whose parameters are real-time estimated based on the newly obtained condition monitoring data by utilizing the expectation maximization algorithm and Bayesian inference. By doing so, the remaining useful life distribution of the system of interest can be predicted in real-time, which is then used as the prognostic information to dynamically update the optimal ordering and replacement times jointly. This process makes the jointly obtained order-replacement decisions rely on the prognostic information available from the system's degradation monitoring. Finally, a practical case study of the inertial navigation system in aircraft is provided to validate the proposed joint decision policy.
SOLUBLE HLA ANTIGENS IN THE CIRCULATION OF LIVER GRAFT RECIPIENTS

Human liver allografts deliver soluble class I (HLA-A and -B) transplantation antigens into the recipients' circulation. These molecules are detectable in recipient serum shortly after transplantation and they persist at high concentration for as long as the liver graft functions. Levels of graft-derived antigens in the recipient serum and self antigens in donor serum are comparable. Kinetic studies of these soluble antigens in donor and recipient show that donor antigens are continuously exported by the transplanted liver, while in the recipient, self antigens are derived from liver and other sources. At least two molecular forms of soluble HLA-A and -B antigens are present in sera from donors, recipients, and normal individuals. One form with m.w. approximately 50 kd seems to be a soluble monomer associated with beta 2-microglobulin, while the other forms of higher m.w. may be aggregates and/or complexes. Monitoring of these antigens in transplant recipients may be a useful indicator of graft pathology and function.
Analysis and Efficient Computation of Instantaneous Power Distribution of Single-Carrier Signals

This paper analyzes statistical distribution of instantaneous power in pulse-shaped single-carrier (SC) modulation. Such knowledge is of significant importance to estimate several concerns associated with the non-linearity of power amplifiers, e.g., required back-off level or clipping distortion in amplified signals. However, existing works often rely on Monte-Carlo simulations, since analytical derivation of the statistical distribution of SC signals is a complex problem involving combined dependency of a constellation format and a pulse shape. In this paper, we tackle this problem and propose a new efficient analytical method by using the approximation of infinite number constellation points. Tight upper bounds for high-order pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) can be calculated from the proposed method.
A hybrid model to predict proteins tertiary structure

In this paper, we study the impact of using a hybrid-technique approach, which is a combination of genetic algorithm (GA) and protein's free energy minimization calculations, to predict protein tertiary structure. We compare the results with a basic approach which applies genetic algorithm only. A genetic algorithm is used to predict the protein structure using the primary structure, the amino acids sequence of a given polypeptide chain, as input. After that, we combine the GA with energy minimization feature. Finally, the outcomes of both experiments are analyzed. Results reveal that the hybrid approach outperforms the basic one.
Stability and burden sharing emissions in international environmental agreements: a game-theoretic approach

Non-cooperative game theoretical models of self-enforcing international environmental agreements (IEAs) that employ the cartel stability concept of d’Aspremont et al. (1983) frequently use the assumption that countries can sign a single agreement only. We modify the assumption by considering two self-enforcing IEAs. Extending a model of Barrett (1994a) on a single self-enforcing IEA, we demonstrate that there are many similarities between one and two self-enforcing IEAs. But in the case of few countries and high environmental damage we show that two self-enforcing IEA work far better than one self-enforcing IEA in terms of both welfare and environmental equality
Pain in Ehlers-Danlos syndromes: manifestations, therapeutic strategies and future perspectives

ABSTRACT Introduction: Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) groups together an increasing number of hereditary soft connective tissue disorders. Among the most common variants, the hypermobility type emerges as the most problematic, due to clinical similarities with the joint hypermobility syndrome, strong association with pain and lack of molecular confirmatory tests. To date, chronic pain and the related physical disability are the most relevant clinical issues in the long-term management of EDS. Areas covered: A literature review was carried out covering all known pain manifestations, i.e. musculoskeletal pain, neuropathic pain, central sensitization, headache and visceral pain, in EDS. The natural history of pain, as well as other critical issues, i.e. heterogeneity, clinical approach and evolving phenotype, of EDS are also addressed. All available data on therapeutic strategies for pain in EDS are extensively reported. Expert opinion: Multidisciplinarity emerges as an undeniable prerequisite for the management of the complex EDS patient reporting pain. All available therapeutic resources, comprising painkillers, physical and psychological therapies, and surgery, show a low evidence of efficacy in the long-term treatment of pain. Education and early diagnosis are primary resources for secondary and tertiary prevention. Novel drug therapies could be developed considering the potential role of a dysfunctional extracellular matrix on pain modulation in EDS.
Marketing at the Interface: Not ‘What’ but ‘How’

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to theory at the marketing/entrepreneurship interface. Consideration is given to the unique characteristics of SMEs and the unique nature of marketing in small firms given that marketing is performed differently in SMEs than in large firms. This paper offers a conceptual model of SME marketing that illustrates how it is different to the conventional descriptions and practices espoused in the textbook literature. A step-by-step process of determining how SMEs do marketing in context is described.
Effect of PCB thickness on solder joint reliability of Quad Flat no-lead assembly under Power Cycling and Thermal Cycling

QFN packages gained popularity among the industry due to its low cost, compact size, and excellent thermal electrical performance. Although PCBs are widely used for QFN packages in handheld devices, some customers require it for heavy industrial application demanding thicker PCB. When an electronic device is turned off and then turned on multiple times, it creates a loading condition called power cycling. The die is the only heat source causing non-uniform temperature distribution. The solder joint reliability assessment of Quad Flat no-lead Package (QFN) is done using Finite element analysis (FEA) under two different loads. In this paper, the power cycling and thermal cycling act as a combined load. The reliability assessment is done to check stress distribution on PCB boards and solder joint. The life to failure is determined for QFN package assembly. Also, three different QFN boards were used for analysis and comparison has been done to investigate the impact of thickness and copper content of board on solder joint reliability under power cycling and thermal cycling. The mismatch in coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between components used in QFN and the non-uniform temperature distribution makes the package deform. Modeling of life prediction is usually conducted for Accelerated Thermal Cycling (ATC) condition, which assumes uniform temperature throughout the assembly. An assembly is also subjected to Power Cycling i.e. non-uniform temperature with the chip as the only source of heat generation. This work shows the performance of QFN package assembly under thermal and power cycle in combination and the stress distribution and plastic work for the package. The layered model analysis was done to investigate the impact of the FR4 layer and copper content in the PCB on the solder joint reliability. The comparative study between lumped and layered model has also done under power cycling and thermal cycling.
Pathologic, Immunohistochemical, and Electron Microscopic Findings in Naturally Occurring Virulent Systemic Feline Calicivirus Infection in Cats

Infection with feline calicivirus (FCV) is a common cause of upper respiratory and oral disease in cats. FCV infection is rarely fatal, however, virulent, systemic strains of FCV (VS-FCV) that cause alopecia, cutaneous ulcers, subcutaneous edema, and high mortality in affected cats have recently been described. Seven cats with natural VS-FCV infection all had subcutaneous edema and ulceration of the oral cavity, with variable ulceration of the pinnae, pawpads, nares, and skin. Other lesions that were present in some affected cats included bronchointerstitial pneumonia, and pancreatic, hepatic, and splenic necrosis. Viral antigen was present within endothelial and epithelial cells in affected tissues as determined by immunohistochemical staining with a monoclonal antibody to FCV. Mature intranuclear and intracytoplasmic virions in necrotic epithelial cells were identified by transmission electron microscopy. VS-FCV infection causes epithelial cell cytolysis and systemic vascular compromise in susceptible cats, leading to cutaneous ulceration, severe edema, and high mortality.
What price on loyalty when a brand switch is just a click away

Compares two leading brands in the USA in late 1999: the leading e‐retailer, Amazon.com, and the leading “bricks and mortar” retailer, Wal‐Mart. The two brands were found to enjoy, in their respective markets, similar consumer brand equity, defined in terms of the degree of loyalty felt by category consumers. An examination of UK consumer banking services shows that the newer “direct” banks, which concentrate on Internet and telephone trading, in fact enjoy particularly strong ties of loyalty with their existing customers. The hypothesis of the enormous commoditising impact of e‐retailing is not borne out by the evidence in these two areas where Internet trading has established itself in the USA and the UK. The issues that face the new e‐commerce entrepreneurs remain the same as for “old economy” businesses, namely maximising customer retention, minimising loss and optimising new customer acquisition.
Reducing Multicast Redundancy and Latency in Multi-Interface Multi-Channel Wireless Mesh Networks

In wireless mesh networks, each node can be equipped with multiple network interface cards tuned to different channels. In this paper, we study the problem of collision-free multicast in multi-interface multi-channel wireless mesh networks. The concept of interface redundancy is proposed as a new criterion for the multicast/broadcast redundancy in wireless mesh networks, and we prove that building a multicast/broadcast tree with the minimum interface redundancy is NP-hard. We also prove that the minimum-latency multicasting problem in multi-channel wireless mesh networks is NP-hard. We present two heuristic-based algorithms which jointly reduce the interface redundancy and the multicast latency. Since broadcast can be considered as a special case of multicast, an approximate algorithm for low-redundancy broadcast tree construction is also proposed, which has a constant approximation ratio. Finally, the simulation results prove the effectiveness of our approach.