Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Language Model based on VCCV units for Continuous Sentence Speech Recognition

In this paper, we implement a language model by a bigram and evaluate proper smoothing technique for units of low perplexity. We propose VCCV units as a processing unit of the language model which have fewer vocabulary than morpheme and clauses units. We compare the VCCV units with the clause and the morpheme units using the perplexity. Smoothing used to estimate probabilities when there are insufficient data to estimate probabilities accurately. In this paper, we constructed the N-gram of the VCCV units with low perplexity and tested the language model using Katz, Witten-Bell, absolute, modified Kneser-Ney smoothing and so on.
Bertolottis Syndrome: A cross sectional study to find out its prevalence in patients with low back pain and low bone mineral density

Background: Lower back ache is emerging as a major symptom among elderly, middle aged and adolescents. Lumbar sacral transitional vertebraes are congenital spinal anomalies defined as either sacralisation of the lowest lumbar segment or lumbaralisation of most superior sacral segment of spine. Variation in 5th lumbar vertebra having a spatulated transverse process on one side resulting in pseudoarticulation with sacrum or ileum including change in biochemical properties is known as Bertolottis Syndrome. Bertolottis syndrome affects 4% to 8% of the population.Methods: A Cross Sectional study was carried out in 1000 Indian patients (419 males and 581 females) with T-score below -1 from July 2012 to June 2015 using Plain X-Ray film antero-posterior view of lumbar-sacral spine.Results: On assessment, 62 patients (i.e. 6.2 %) were found suffering with Bertolottis Syndrome including 24 males (i.e. 5.7%) and 38 females (i.e. 6.5 %). Prevalence of Bertolottis Syndrome was found more in 55-65yrs age patients and females are found to be more affected than males.Conclusion: Our study showed prevalence (6.2%) of Bertolotti syndrome in patients with low back pain with low bone mineral density is quite significant in Indian population and awareness about Bertolottis Syndrome and early detection may prove to be helpful in choosing or avoiding certain professions or jobs.
Triadic Closure Alleviates Network Segregation

Homophily – the tendency for individuals to form social ties to others who are similar to themselves – is one of the most robust sociological principles, leading to patterns of linkage in social networks that segregate people along many different demographic dimensions. This phenomena, in turn, can result in inequalities in access to information and opportunities by members of different demographic groups. As we consider potential interventions that might alleviate the effects of network segregation, we face the challenge that homophily constitutes a pervasive and organic force that is difficult to push back against. The design of interventions can therefore benefit from identifying counterbalancing natural processes in the network that might be harnessed to work in opposition to segregation. In this work, we examine several fundamental network formation models to show that triadic closure is one such process. Our analyses show the power for triadic closure to reduce network segregation at the level of graph structure. We believe that the insights in this work have qualitative implications for the design of network interventions in settings such as online platforms and college dorm assignments, where the designer has a vested interest in mitigating network segregation.
Chapter 5 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF USER-ORIENTED EVALUATION

This chapter is concerned with a particular perspective on the problem of evaluation design. User-oriented evaluation takes as primary some user or set of users who need to accomplish some task, and sets out to discover through evaluation whether a given software system will help them to do so effectively, productively, safely, and with a sense of satisfaction. (Note that, following ISO, user here is used in a very wide sense and encompasses much more than what has conventionally been called end-user.) There is a clear tension between taking specific user needs as primary and seeking common principles for the evaluation of particular software applications. The chapter suggests that this tension may be resolved by using an ISO standard for the evaluation of software as an appropriate level of generalization (ISO 9126). Quality models reflecting the characteristics of specific software applications (machine translation, document retrieval, information extraction systems, etc.) are then built on the skeleton set out in the ISO standard. Particular user needs are taken into account by picking out those parts of the appropriate quality model which reflect the needs, where necessary imposing a relative order of importance on the parts picked out. Execution of the evaluation then concentrates on the parts of the quality model chosen as pertinent to the user and the context of work. The focus of the chapter is on general design questions rather than on the strengths and weaknesses of specific metrics. However, there is some discussion of what it means for a metric to be valid and reliable, and of the difficulty of finding good metrics for those cases where system performance and human performance in interaction with the system are inextricably linked. A suggestion is made that it might be possible to automate an important part of the process of evaluation design, and an attempt to do this for the case of machine translation evaluations is briefly sketched.
Disentanglement, Theory and Practice

In this thesis, we investigate a notion of independence in parallel programs called disentanglement. Informally, disentanglement is the property that threads are oblivious to data allocated by concurrently executing threads. This property prevents certain types of concurrent access, but still permits types of races on shared data. Disentanglement has immediate implications for efficient memory management strategies. For nested parallel programs, a hierarchical memory management scheme which reflects the structure of parallel tasks can offer numerous benefits with respect to data locality and garbage collection. We formally describe and analyze disentanglement, and show all programs that are determinacy race free are disentangled. Determinacy race freedom is an important correctness property for parallel programs, and is well studied in literature. Additionally, we discuss how disentanglement can be used to architect efficient memory management techniques, specifically, a concurrent garbage collector with minimal interference between the mutator and collector.
Supercomputing for the Multi-Driver Routing

1 PROBLEM STATEMENT We extract 21,824 pick-up points from 12,481 cab mobility traces in Beijing, China. Then we calculate the probability of successful pickup of a passenger by a taxi at each pickup point. With this information, the potential traveling distance (PTD) for a route can be determined. The two criteria, distance and probability, are combined into one PTD value [1]. The new multi-driver routing problem we develop considers a set of routes. It aims to solve multi-driver PTD (MPTD) function for one additional requirement, that the routes should not overlap.
Column generation based matheuristics for a vehicle routing problem with time windows and variable start time

Highlights: Graphical/Tabular Abstract  A vehicle routing problem with time windows and variable service start time is considered.  Two column generation based matheuristics, which successfully combine mathematical programming and metaheuristics, are developed.  For each route obtained by matheuristics, the optimal start time from the depot is computed. The vehicle routing problem with time windows aims to determine the optimal set of routes for a fleet of vehicles serving customers with various demand, where each customer can be visited within certain time windows. In most of the studies, the objective is to minimize the total traveled distance and the departure time from the depot for each vehicle is known. In this paper, however, the vehicles can start serving customers at any desired time and the aim is to minimize the sum of traveling, serving, and waiting times of vehicles. In other words, the optimal departure time from the depot needs to be specified to minimize the route duration of vehicles. In order to solve the problem, two column generation based matheuristics are developed, where the first one utilizes iterated local search and the second one uses variable neighborhood search as metaheuristic. Both methods successfully identify the optimal departure time from the depot for each generated route.
Region Proposal Network by using KL-Divergence in Object Detection

The traditional region proposal network that using the deep neural network(DNN) is composed of two loss function that classifies objects and regress the box coordinates offset. However, it does not consider the relationship between object score and uncertainty of box coordinates. In this paper, we propose the region proposal network considering the uncertainty of box coordinates. To learn the network, we uses KL-Divergence which represents the distance between two probability distributions. We apply it to the existing two-stage object detection framework and show that it can improve the performance of existing method.
N ov 2 01 9 IMPROVED BOUNDS FOR BURNING FENCE GRAPHS

Graph burning studies how fast a contagion, modeled as a set of fires, spreads in a graph. The burning process takes place in synchronous, discrete rounds. In each round, a fire breaks out at a vertex, and the fire spreads to all vertices that are adjacent to a burning vertex. The burning number of a graph G is the minimum number of rounds necessary for each vertex of G to burn. We consider the burning number of the m × n Cartesian grid graphs, written Gm,n. For m = ω( √ n), the asymptotic value of the burning number of Gm,n was determined, but only the growth rate of the burning number was investigated in the case m = O( √ n), which we refer to as fence graphs. We provide new explicit bounds on the burning number of fence graphs G c √
Infectious Salmon Anaemia Virus ( ISAV ) Ringtest : Validation of the ISAV Diagnositic Process using Virus-spiked Fish Tissues and ISAV TaqMan ® Real-time RT-PCR

Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) virus (ISAV) is a major viral pathogen of marine-farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). ISAV belongs to the genus Isavirus, family Orthomyxoviridae [1]. The first registered outbreak of ISA occurred in Norway in 1984 [2]. Subsequently the disease was reported in Canada [3], Scotland [4], Faeroe Islands [5], and in Maine, USA [6]. In Chile, ISAV was first detected in 1999 in marine-farmed Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and was shown to be of the North American genotype [7], which subsequently became widespread in the Atlantic salmon industry in Chile but without signs of clinical disease [8]. ISAV of the European genotype caused a major epizootic in Chile’s massive Atlantic salmon industry starting in June 2007 [8]. This virus was shown by phylogenetic analysis to be most closely related to Norwegian ISAVs isolated in 1997 and to have circulated in Chile for sometime prior to the index case in June 2007 [9]. Since the confirmation of the original ISA outbreak in Chile [8], the principal procedure of ISA laboratory diagnosis has been reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), used directly on fish tissue samples, with primers targeting ISAV RNA segments 6 and 8, and sequencing of the PCR products (Sernapesca). RT-PCR testing in Chile is primarily performed by private diagnostic laboratories following the procedures outlined in the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals [10].
Low frequency KRAS G12/13 mutations in urine cell-free (cf) DNA from patients with BRAF V600E-mutant advanced cancers.

11048 Background: Tumor heterogeneity and clonal selection contribute to resistance to molecular targeted therapies. Dynamic tracking of urine cfDNA mutations can offer a noninvasive tool for monitoring therapeutic efficacy. Methods: cfDNA was isolated from single or sequential urine samples from patients with advanced cancers and archival tumor tissue with BRAF V600E from a CLIA-certified laboratory. Assays for quantitative detection of BRAF V600E and KRAS G12/13 mutations in urine cfDNA were developed using digital droplet (dd) PCR and next generation sequencing. Analytical sensitivity of BRAF V600E and KRASG12/13 assays is 0.03% and 0.006% mutant alleles in wild-type DNA background. Results: Urine cfDNA was examined in 34 patients (melanoma, n = 11; colorectal cancer, n = 8; papillary thyroid carcinoma, n = 5; non-small cell lung cancer, n = 5; other, n = 5) with BRAF V600E in tumor tissue. 32 of 34 patients (94%) had the same mutation in urine cfDNA (mutant, n = 22; low-mutant, n = 10). Longitudinal a.
Associação entre força, sarcopenia e obesidade sarcopénica com o desempenho funcional de idosas Association among strength, sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity with functional performance in older women

Both sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity (SO) are geriatric conditions well known to be associated with negative outcomes in the elderly. However, its association with functional capacity needs to be further investigated. The purpose of the study was to verify the association among muscle strength, sarcopenia and SO with functional performance in older women. 137 women (67.76±5.67 years; 64.63±10.79 kg; 154.13±0.06 cm) underwent body composition evaluation through DXA. Functional performance was evaluated by tests as chair stand, Timed Up & Go, Arm Curl, and 6-Minute Walk. Muscle strength was evaluated with isokinetic dynamometry and hand grip strength. The prevalence of sarcopenia and SO were 13.9% and 23.4%, respectively. None of the functional variables differed according to sarcopenia classifications. Although volunteers classified as SO presented higher body fat percentage and lower fat-free mass, there was no difference compared to the functional tests. Conversely, both muscle strength measurements (i.e., knee extensors isokinetic and hand grip) were significantly associated to the functional tests. In summary, there was no association between the evaluated classifications of sarcopenia and SO with functional capacity. Nevertheless, muscle strength presented a significant and positive relationship with the functional tests in older women.
ATTENUATED ADULT BIPHASIC SHOCKS VERSUS WEIGHT-BASED MONOPHASIC SHOCKS IN A SWINE MODEL OF PROLONGED PEDIATRIC VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION

between 1 and 5 years prior to the study, but who had no training or experience using an AED. Participants entered a simulated office after receiving minimal instructions regarding the possibility of finding an OHCA victim. A resuscitation manikin was used to simulate the arrest victim. The rescue attempt was evaluated based on the number of eight BLS actions performed: check response, seek help, open airway, check breathing, give breaths, check circulation, remove clothing, and attach electrodes. Results: The Medtronic group (n = 11) averaged 3.5 6 1.4 steps completed (44%), the Zoll group (n = 11) averaged 5.0 6 1.3 steps completed (63%), and the COS prompts group (n = 13) averaged 5.9 6 1.2 steps completed (74%, p, 0.001, p, 0.046, respectively, between the AEDs and the COS prompts). Age, gender, and length of time since the subject last had CPR training had no statistically significant impact on the number of COS steps completed. Conclusion: The new COS prompts, designed for untrained laypersons, significantly increased the number of chain of survival steps performed by such persons when compared to presently available AEDs in the setting of simulated OHCA. 07 PARAMEDICS CAN SUCCESSFULLY SCREEN OLDER ADULTS
Interactive comment on "Evidence of the water-cage effect on the photolysis of NO 3 and FeOH 2+ , and its implications for the photochemistry at the air-water interface of atmospheric droplets" by P. Nissenson et al.

The authors thank the reviewer for taking time to comment on our work. The manuscript will benefit greatly from such feedback. The referee correctly states that the experiments do not measure quantum yields at the air liquid interface. Rather, the experiments determine quantum yields with and without a solvent cage effect in the bulkliquid. The authors will make this distinction clearer in the paper.
Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for stage determination and treatment outcome evaluation in patients affected by Human African trypanosomiasis

Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a neglected parasitic disease affecting rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa. The disease progresses from a first heamolymphatic stage to a second meningo-encephalitic stage, when trypanosome parasites penetrate into the central nervous system. In order to properly and safely treat patients, new tools for a correct stage determination are strongly needed. In this project we investigated the cerebrospinal fluid of HAT patients using different approaches, including proteomics and hypothesis driven discovery. We identified promising staging markers to stratify patients suffering either from the acute or the chronic form of HAT. Among the most promising molecules, we further validated on a multi-centric cohort the value of neopterin as HAT marker for stage determination and treatment outcome evaluation for T.b. gambiense HAT. This highly accurate HAT marker has the potential to be translated into a rapid field test to ameliorate patients' management and to help in controlling the disease.
Recovery in Mental Health Care with the Aid of Photo-stories: An Action Research Based on the Principles of Hermeneutic Photography

Our aim was to develop and evaluate an intervention that can be used in recovery oriented care to promote recovery processes and goals as found in the CHIME framework (1). Using the Appreciative cycle and principles from the MRC-Framework for the development and Evaluation of complex interventions an intervention with photography has been designed and tested on 3 long stay wards of a mental health care hospital. 15 Service users participated and were photographed during 4 sessions. The intervention built on the expertise that already existed about rehabilitation approaches; especially the Strengths approach (2) and the findings from earlier studies into hermeneutic photography by the author. The intervention proved to inspire hope and meaning giving in service users and contributed to a transformation of relationships between service users and their mentor nurses. These relationships became more reciprocal and equal. The intervention yielded opportunities for service users to express their wishes and values in life. In this way they made a representation of the persons who they are. The photographs probably contribute to a greater self-esteem of the service users and may inspire them to use the action and what it meant to them for further recovery. The intervention put the service user in the lead and contributed to more mutuality in the relationship with the mentor nurse.
EFEITOS DO FUMO MATERNO DURANTE A GESTAÇÃO E COMPLICAÇÕES PERINATAIS . EFFECTS OF MATERNAL SMOKING DURING PREGNANCY AND PERINATAL COMPLICATIONS.

Aims: To evaluate the clinical profile of smoker post-pregnant women at Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), to determine the prevalence of smoking in these patients and to evaluate the effects of smoking on pregnancy and on the new- borns. Methods: This is a cross-sectional prospective study, with data collected through a structured questionnaire. Healthy pa- tients with term pregnancies were included. Exclusion criteria were multiple pregnancies, newborns with intrauterine growth restriction, chromosomal abnormalities, malformations or intrauterine infection, and incomplete data on medical records. Patients were divided in two groups: smokers and non-smokers. Demographic and clinical variables were evaluated, as well as data related to the pregnancy and to the newborn. Results: Seven hundred and eighteen post-pregnant women were included in the study, of whom 23% were current smokers during pregnancy. There was no statistic difference regarding maternal age, number of cesarean sections or abortions, and gestational age at childbirth. Higher number of previous pregnancies, being single/separated, non-white, less education and no prenatal follow up visits were risk factors for smoking in pregnancy. The weight of the newborns was statistically lower in the smoking pregnant group, with a negative variation of 143 grams in average in this group. The number of newborns small for gestational age was significantly higher in the smoking pregnant group. Clinical evolution of the newborn, placenta weight and the Apgar score were not different between the groups. Conclusion: This study was relevant to improve the knowledge about the profile of post pregnant smokers at HCPA, under- scores the importance of prenatal follow up visits and the need for treatment strategies to these patients as preventive
Effects of different nitrogen forms and ratios on the photosynthetic characteristics of Pinus koraiensisi seedlings

The effects of different nitrogen forms (NH_(4)~(+) and NO_(3)~(-)-N) and ratios on the photosynthetic characteristics of the Pinus koraiensis seedlings were studied by pot experiment and the physiological mechanism was discussed.The results showed that the nitrogen treatments decreased the plasmalemma permeability and increased the net photosynthetic rate,the stomatal conductance,the RuBPcase activity,the sugar contents and the electron transport activities of PS Ⅰand PS Ⅱin comparison with the control.The increase of the physiological indexes mentioned above was the highest in the mixed treatment of NH_(4)~(+)-N and NO_(3)~(-)-N, then was in the NO_(3)~(-)-N treatment and the lowest in the NH_(4)~(+)-N treatment. The most benefit revealed as n_(NH_(4)~(+)-N) /n_(NO_(3)~(-)-N) ratio was 1/3-2/2.It is suggested that the rational ratios of different nitrogen forms be considered when the seedlings are to be fertilized.
Iron Deficiency Anemia and β-Thalassemia Minor Differantiation With Hematological Indices

Objective: Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) and Beta Thalassemia Minor (BTM) are the most common causes of microcytic hypochromic anemia. In the last four decades many formulas have been proposed to discriminate between two common causes of microcytic hypochromic anemia. An ideal discrimination index should have a high sensitivity and specificity and should be easy to calculate. The distinction between IDA and BTM is important in many respects. In our study, the performance of twelve indices were tested to distinguish IDA from BTM, two common causes of microcytic anemia. Materials and methods: There were two groups which were evaluated as IDA and BTM, we examined the diagnostic accuracy of five red cell parameters [red blood cell (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), hemoglobin (Hb) ,mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), red blood cell distribution width (RDW)] and we calculated twelve indices [Menzier Index (MI), Green and King (GK), Red Blood Cell Distribution Width Index (RDWI), England & Fraser (EF), RBC, Sirdah Index (SI), Ricarca Index (R), Srivastava (S), Shine & Lal (SL), Ehsani (E), Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW), 11T]. Results: Among the twelve discrimination indices, 11T index was the most efficient in differentiating IDA from BTM. 11T index had the highest Youden’s index (69,8%) and accuracy (81,2%). Conclusion: 11T index was the most effective in discriminating IDA from BTM. RBC, GK, SI and RDWI could be used as a screening tool rather than discrimination indices.