Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Inductive Research Method in Early Islamic Tradition based on Ibn Tufayl’s Work - Hayy Ibn Yaqzan

Abstract The inductive method of research has played a significant role in scientific progress throughout history. It has been proclaimed in the history of science texts that the inductive research method was first introduced by Francis Bacon (1561-1626), a western scholar. However, there are ample evidences to show that this method was earlier developed and applied by Muslim scholars about 500 years before him. For instance, Ibn-Tufayl (1100-1185), a Muslim scholar and philosopher referred to the components of the inductive research method in his well-known novel, Hayy Ibn Yaqzan (literally, Alive son of Awake). The current paper aims to explore the features of the inductive research method mooted in the aforesaid novel. The analysis showed that Muslim scientists were aware of the features of the inductive research method, and its application was evident in their works as the case demonstrated by Ibn Tufayl. Keywords: Inductive research method, Ibn Tufayl, Hayy Ibn Yaqzan, epistemology. Abstrak Di sepanjang sejarah perkembangan saintifik, kaedah induktif bagi penyelidikan telah memainkan peranan yang sangat penting. Dalam sejarah penulisan teks sains, Francis Bacon (1561-1626), seorang sarjana Barat, diisytiharkan sebagai orang pertama yang memperkenalkan kaedah penyelidikan induktif. Walau bagaimanapun, terdapat cukup bukti yang menunjukkan bahawa kaedah ini telah berkembang dan digunakan oleh sarjana Islam kira-kira 500 tahun lebih awal sebelumnya. Sebagai contoh, Ibnu Tufayl (1100-1185), seorang sarjana Islam dan ahli falsafah merujuk kepada beberapa komponen kaedah penyelidikan induktif dalam novel beliau yang tersohor, iaitu, Hayy Ibn Yaqzan (secara harfiah bermakna, Hidup anak lelaki Sedar). Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneroka ciri-ciri kaedah penyelidikan induktif yang dikemukakan dalam novel tersebut. Analisis ini menunjukkan bahawa ahli-ahli sains Islam menyedari ciri-ciri berkaitan dengan kaedah penyelidikan induktif, dan penggunaannya jelas terbukti dalam karya mereka seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh Ibn Tufayl. Kata kunci: kaedah penyelidikan induktif, Ibn Tufayl, Hayy Ibn Yaqzan, epistemologi.
Genotype Environment Interaction between Organic and Conventional Dairy Production

Abstract – Due to genotype by environment interaction (GxE), conventional bulls might not be suitable for organic production circumstances. Therefore, lactation records from Holstein cows on organic and conventional farms were used to estimate the magnitude of GxE between organic and conventional production circumstances. GxE was quantified by estimating the genetic correlations between production traits in both environments. Genetic correlations for milk and protein yield were between 0.71 and 0.80 and found to be significantly different from unity. For fat yield the correlations were close to 0.90 and not significantly different from unity. It can be concluded that breeding values for yield traits should be adapted to organic production so that the production level of cows fits better to the organic environment resulting in healthier dairy cows.
The stability function of a theory

Abstract Let T be a complete theory with infinite models in a countable language. The stability function gT(κ) is defined as the supremum of the number of types over models of T of power κ. It is proved that there are only six possible stability functions, namely κ, κ + 2ω, κω, ded κ, (ded κ)ω, 2κ.
Avaliação do efeito de volume parcial na quantificação de atividade em imagens de PET/CT

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influencia do efeito de volume parcial (EVP) na quantificacao de atividade em imagens de um equipamento de tomografia por emissao de positrons e tomografia computadorizada (PET-CT) e na capacidade do equipamento de identificar lesoes. Foram calculados coeficientes de recuperacao utilizando um simulador com 12 cilindros de diâmetros entre 4 e 30 mm e um simulador de espalhamento padrao da National Electrical Manufactures Association, ambos preenchiveis com concentracoes conhecidas de 18F. As imagens foram adquiridas para tempo de aquisicao de 3 e 5 minutos e razoes cilindro-fundo de n=8:1 e n=4:1. Foram encontrados coeficientes de recuperacao entre 0,01 e 0,91 em funcao do diâmetro. Nao foram observadas variacoes significativas por conta dos parâmetros de aquisicao de imagem. Erros na quantificacao de atividade acima de 70% foram verificados para cilindros com diâmetros menores do que 10 mm. Os cilindros com diâmetros menores do que 8 mm nao foram identificados nas imagens e os simuladores se mostraram adequados para a avaliacao do EVP em imagens de PET/CT. O EVP teve maior impacto sobre os cilindros com diâmetros de 6 e 4 mm. E necessario utilizar tecnicas de correcao do efeito de volume parcial nas imagens com o intuito de aumentar a acuracia quantitativa do equipamento estudado.
High Performance Pattern Matching on Heterogeneous Platform

Summary Pattern discovery is one of the fundamental tasks in bioinformatics and pattern recognition is a powerful technique for searching sequence patterns in the biological sequence databases. Fast and high performance algorithms are highly demanded in many applications in bioinformatics and computational molecular biology since the significant increase in the number of DNA and protein sequences expand the need for raising the performance of pattern matching algorithms. For this purpose, heterogeneous architectures can be a good choice due to their potential for high performance and energy efficiency. In this paper we present an efficient implementation of Aho-Corasick (AC) which is a well known exact pattern matching algorithm with linear complexity, and Parallel Failureless Aho-Corasick (PFAC) algorithm which is the massively parallelized version of AC algorithm without failure transitions, on a heterogeneous CPU/GPU architecture. We progressively redesigned the algorithms and data structures to fit on the GPU architecture. Our results on different protein sequence data sets show that the new implementation runs 15 times faster compared to the original implementation of the PFAC algorithm.
Hairless Descendants of Mexican Hairless Dogs: An Experimental Model for Studying Hypertrophic Scars

Background/Objective: In previous studies, the author noticed hypertrophic scar formation in hairless dogs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate both grossly and histopathologically hypertrophic scars in hairless dogs to explore any similarities with hypertrophic scars in humans and to introduce these dogs as an appropriate model for further investigation on hypertrophic scarring. Methods: Full-thickness wounds were made on the dorsolumbar skin of hairless dogs. Hypertrophic scarring was examined with three methods: clinical observations, dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA)-positive melanocytes, and skin histopathology. Results: Hairless dogs clinically developed the formation of hyperpigmented and hypertrophic scars that did not extend beyond the original wound margins. In hypertrophic scars of hairless dogs, the split epidermal sheet showed an increased number of DOPA-positive melanocytes with well-developed dendrites exhibiting activated melanocytes. There were very few DOPA-positive melanocytes in the repaired skin of haired dogs. Histopathologic examinations demonstrated that hypertrophic scars were fully reepithelialized and granulation tissue formation was accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration. There was remodeling of thick collagens and fine elastic fibers in the course of hypertrophic scar formation. Conclusion: Experimental hypertrophic scars produced in hairless dogs have morphologic properties similar to those of human hypertrophic scars.
V1R and V2R segregated vomeronasal pathways to the hypothalamus

The vomeronasal system is segregated from the epithelium to the bulb. Two classes of receptor neurons are apically and basally placed in the vomeronasal epithelium, express Gi2&agr; and Go&agr; proteins and V1R and V2R receptors and project to the anterior and posterior portions of the accessory olfactory bulb, respectively. Apart from common vomeronasal recipient structures in the amygdala, only the anterior accessory olfactory bulb projects to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and only the posterior accessory olfactory bulb projects to the dorsal anterior amygdala. The efferent projections from these two amygdaloid structures to the hypothalamus were investigated. These two vomeronasal subsystems mediated by V1R and V2R receptors were partially segregated, not only in amygdala, but also in the hypothalamus.
Reactive max-min ant system: An experimental analysis of the combination with K-OPT local searches

Ant colony optimization (ACO) is a stochastic search method for solving NP-hard problems. The exploration versus exploitation dilemma rises in ACO search.Reactive max-min ant system algorithm is a recent proposition to automate the exploration and exploitation.It memorizes the search regions in terms of reactive heuristics to be harnessed after restart, which is to avoid the arbitrary exploration later.This paper examined the assumption that local heuristics are useless when combined with local search especially when it applied for combinatorial optimization problems with rugged fitness landscape.Results showed that coupling reactive heuristics with k-Opt local search algorithms produces higher quality solutions and more robust search than max-min ant system algorithm.Well-known combinatorial optimization problems are used in experiments, i.e. traveling salesman and quadratic assignment problems. The benchmarking data for both problems are taken from TSPLIB and QAPLIB respectively.
A CPW-fed Triple-band Antenna for WLAN and WiMAX Applications

In this letter, a compact printed antenna fed by coplanar waveguide for triple-band is presented. The proposed antenna consists of two rectangular metallic loops in front and a slit square ring on the backside. Tri-band has been achieved, which can be easily tuned by adjusting the sizes of the rectangles. An analysis of equal lumped circuit mechanism as well the triple band operation is provided. Key parameters to tune the resonant frequencies have been identified. The overall dimension of the proposed antenna is 30 × 26 mm. Simulated results show that the presented antenna can cover three separated impedance bandwidths of ~13% at 300 MHz (2.2–2.5 GHz), ~14% at 500 MHz (3.3–3.8 GHz), and ~15% at 800 MHz (5.1–5.9 GHz), which are well applied for both 2.4/5.2/5.8-GHz WLAN bands and 3.5/5.5-GHz WiMAX bands.
A β‐cyclodextrin, polyethyleneimine and silk fibroin hydrogel containing Centella asiatica extract and hydrocortisone acetate: releasing properties and in vivo efficacy for healing of pressure sores

Background. Pressure sores are lesions caused by impaired blood flow. Conventional dressings can absorb exudates, but do not promote wound healing. A hydrogel composed of β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD), polyethyleneimine (PEI) and silk fibroin (SF) was assessed for use in healing of pressure sores.
A discrete particle swarm optimizer for graphic presentation of GMDH network

Particle swarm optimization is a new population based optimization methodology. With a characteristic of high performance and easy implementation, the particle swarm optimizer has many successful cases. However, it still has a problem of efficiency in solving sequential problems. In this paper, we propose a more efficient discrete particle swarm algorithm in solving the sequential problems such as graphic presentation of GMDH network. The dataset of Fisher's Iris Plant is tested, and the results are shown.
POPULATION PARAMETERS OF INTERMEDIATE-AGE STAR CLUSTERS IN THE LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD. III. DYNAMICAL EVIDENCE FOR A RANGE OF AGES BEING RESPONSIBLE FOR EXTENDED MAIN-SEQUENCE TURNOFFS

We present a new analysis of 11 intermediate-age (1–2 Gyr) star clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud based on Hubble Space Telescope imaging data. Seven of the clusters feature main-sequence turnoff (MSTO) regions that are wider than can be accounted for by a simple stellar population, whereas their red giant branches (RGBs) indicate a single value of [Fe/H]. The star clusters cover a range in present-day mass from about 1 × 104 M☉ to 2 × 105 M☉. We compare radial distributions of stars in the upper and lower parts of the MSTO region, and calculate cluster masses and escape velocities from the present time back to a cluster age of 10 Myr. Our main result is that for all clusters in our sample with estimated escape velocities vesc ≳ 15 km s−1 at an age of 10 Myr, the stars in the brightest half of the MSTO region are significantly more centrally concentrated than the stars in the faintest half and more massive RGB and asymptotic giant branch stars. This is not the case for clusters with vesc ≲ 10 km s−1 at an age of 10 Myr. We argue that the wide MSTO region of such clusters is caused mainly by a ∼200–500 Myr range in the ages of cluster stars due to extended star formation within the cluster from material shed by first-generation stars featuring slow stellar winds. Dilution of this enriched material by accretion of ambient interstellar matter is deemed plausible if the spread of [Fe/H] in this ambient gas was very small when the second-generation stars were formed in the cluster.
Relapse in FEV1 Decline After Steroid Withdrawal in COPD.

BACKGROUND We previously observed that 30 months of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) treatment can attenuate FEV1 decline in COPD, but it is unclear whether withdrawal induces a relapse. We hypothesized that FEV1 decline, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and quality of life (QOL) deteriorate after ICS cessation even after prolonged use. METHODS One hundred fourteen patients with moderate to severe COPD finished randomized 6-month or 30-month treatment with fluticasone (500 μg bid), 30-month treatment with fluticasone and salmeterol (500/50 μg bid), or placebo (first part of the Groningen and Leiden Universities Corticosteroids in Obstructive Lung Disease [GLUCOLD] study [GL1]). The subsequent 5 years, patients were prospectively followed annually, treated by their physician (GLUCOLD follow-up study [GL2]). Postbronchodilator FEV1, AHR, and QOL were initially recorded at baseline, at 30 months (GL1), and annually during GL2. Analysis was performed by linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS Among 101 adherent patients during GL1, 79 patients started and 58 completed GL2. Patients using ICSs during GL1, but only using ICSs 0% to 50% of the time during GL2 (n = 56 of 79), had significantly accelerated annual FEV1 decline compared with GL1 (difference GL2-GL1 [95% CI]: 30-month treatment with fluticasone and salmeterol, -68 mL/y [-112 to -25], P = .002; 30-month treatment with fluticasone, -73 mL/y [-119 to -26], P = .002), accompanied by deterioration in AHR and QOL. CONCLUSIONS ICS discontinuation after 30 months in COPD can worsen lung function decline, AHR, and QOL during 5-year follow-up. This suggests that ICS treatment lacks sustained disease-modifying effect after treatment cessation. TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT00158847; URL: www.clinicaltrials. gov.
WOZ pro: a pen-based low fidelity prototyping environment to support wizard of oz studies

Because they are easy to create and modify, low fidelity prototypes are commonly used in early evaluations of user interface designs. Designers typically use either pen-and-paper or various computer-based tools to create and test low fidelity prototypes; however, our informal analyses of these existing technologies indicate that they do not optimally support the two key, complementary tasks of (a) prototype creation and (b) wizard of oz testing. To address this problem, we have been developing WOZ Pro (Wizard of Oz Prototyper), a pen-based software environment for the quick and easy creation and testing of low fidelity user interface prototypes. We are designing WOZ Pro to be as easy to use as pen-and-paper, but to hold key advantages over pen-and-paper and existing computer-based tools. When designing interface screens in WOZ Pro, designers can easily (a) propagate a design change to other related screens, and (b) specify the set of screens that are reachable from a given screen. In a wizard of oz test, WOZ Pro reduces the cognitive load on the wizard by allowing navigation only to those next screens that are valid. We are planning a controlled experiment to compare WOZ Pro against paper-and-pencil along several measures in a set of prototype creation and evaluation tasks.
Improvements to the performance and applicability of dependency parsing

Los analizadores de dependencias han generado un gran interes en las ultimas decadas debido a su utilidad en un amplio rango de tareas de procesamiento de lenguaje natural. Estos utilizan grafos de dependencias para definir la estructura sintactica de una oracion dada. En particular, los algoritmos basados en transiciones proveen un analisis sintactico de dependencias eficiente y preciso. Sin embargo, su principal inconveniente es que tienden a sufrir propagacion de errores. Asi, una decision temprana tomada erroneamente podria posicionar el analizador en un estado incorrecto, causando mas errores en futuras decisiones. Esta tesis se centra en mejorar la precision de los analizadores basados en transiciones mediante la reduccion del efecto de la propagacion de errores, mientras mantienen su velocidad y eficiencia. Concretamente, proponemos cinco enfoques diferentes que han demostrado ser beneficiosos para su rendimiento, al aliviar la propagacion de errores e incrementar su precision. Ademas, hemos ampliado la utilidad de los analizadores de dependencias mas alla de la construccion de grafos de dependencias. Presentamos una novedosa tecnica que permite que estos sean capaces de construir representaciones de constituyentes. Esto cubriria la necesidad de la comunidad de procesamiento de lenguaje natural de disponer de un analizador eficiente capaz de proveer un arbol de constituyentes para representar la estructura sintactica de las oraciones.
Detection of toxigenic Clostridium difficile in pig feces by PCR

Clostridium difficile is considered an important uncontrolled cause of neonatal diarrhea. Also, the presence of bacteria in the feces of the animal could represent a zoonosic risk for the contamination of meat products. Therefore, it is necessary to have procedures available for the early detection of C. difficile in animals. The current study describes a new semi-automated procedure for the recovery of C. difficile DNA from pig feces and subsequent amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of three different sequences: the triose phosphate isomerase gene tpi, specific for this bacterial species, and the tcdA and tcdB genes, which code for the A and B toxins of C. difficile, respectively. Twenty-two fecal samples microbiologically positive for C. difficile were used. The tpi and tcdA genes were amplified in all of them. The internal fragment of tcdB was detected from 21 of these extracts; the negative sample gave a positive result when a different primer pair was used. None of the 10 DNA extracts obtained from culture-negative samples gave a positive result. The method presented in this article eliminates the interference caused by the possible presence of PCR inhibitors. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first description of a PCR procedure for detection of C. difficile DNA from domestic animal feces.
Technical Note - The Optimal Estimation of the Expected Number in a M/D/∞ Queueing System

This paper shows that in the M/D/∞ queueing system with service time S, the optimal way to estimate the expected number in the system is by sampling the system at time 0, S, 2S, …, kS. In this way, the best unbiased estimate from a sampling interval of length T = kS can be obtained.
Volunteer dynamics of older Americans.

OBJECTIVES The impending retirement of boomers has spurred interest in tapping their productive energies to benefit society. This study examined volunteer transitions among older adults to understand the factors that affect volunteer dynamics. METHODS Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, the analysis examined entries into and exits from formal volunteer activities between 1996 and 2004 by adults aged 55-65 at study baseline. The study showed the duration of volunteer activities, the probability that older adults start and stop volunteering, and the factors that significantly predict volunteer transitions. RESULTS The findings reveal considerable stability among both volunteers and nonvolunteers; however, older adults are more likely to stop volunteering than to start. Volunteers who contribute intensely and for many years and who are married to volunteers are the least likely to quit. And nonvolunteers are more likely to start volunteering if they have been uninvolved for few years and their spouses volunteer. CONCLUSIONS The results point to the need to focus efforts on retaining older volunteers to maximize volunteer engagement during later years. Recruiting older adults in volunteer activities early on, ideally before they retire, could also help meet volunteer needs.
Functional results with aortic ball valve prostheses (Starr-Edwards) followed for two to three years.

It is now believed that aortic insufficiency and calcific aortic stenosis must be treated with total valve replacement. Until recently this was performed with the aid of prostheses of teflon and similar materials. Even if the short-term results were promising, follow-up studies revealed a high percentage of breakdown of these prostheses (Bjork, Cullhed, and Lodin, 1963; Larson and Kirklin, 1964). For the last three years we have used a ball valve prosthesis of the Starr and Edwards type (Bj6rk, 1964). The aim of this paper is to report the 'long-term' clinical and haemodynamic results with this valve.
The African Lungfish, Protopterus dolloi, Detoxifies Ammonia to Urea during Environmental Ammonia Exposure

The African lungfish, Protopterus dolloi, was able to maintain a low level of blood plasma ammonia during exposure to high concentrations of environmental ammonia. After 6 d of exposure to 30 or 100 mM NH4Cl, the total ammonia concentrations in the blood plasma were 0.288 and 0.289 mM, respectively, which were only 1.7‐fold greater than the control value of 0.163 mM. In addition, accumulation of ammonia occurred only in the muscle, but not in the liver. This was achieved in part through urea synthesis, as reflected by significant increases in urea contents in the muscle, liver, and plasma of the experimental animals. In contrast with plasma ammonia, the plasma urea concentrations of specimens exposed to 30 or 100 mM NH4Cl for 6 d increased 15.4‐fold and 18.8‐fold, respectively. Taken together, these results suggest that P. dolloi upregulated the rate of urea synthesis to detoxify ammonia during environmental ammonia exposure and that the increased rate of urea synthesis was fast enough to compensate for the rate of endogenous ammonia production plus the net influx of exogenous ammonia in these experimental animals. Simultaneously, there were increases in the rates of urea excretion in the experimental animals between day 2 and day 6 of environmental ammonia exposure. Interestingly, the rates of urea excretion in specimens exposed to 100 mM NH4Cl were lower than those exposed to 30 mM NH4Cl, despite the presumably greater load of ammonia to be detoxified to urea in the former situation. It would appear that P. dolloi was regulating the rate of urea excretion during ammonia exposure to retain urea, which might have some physiological functions under environmental stresses yet to be determined. There were decreases in the contents of glutamate, glutamine, and total free amino acids in the liver of the experimental animals, which indirectly suggest that a reduction in the rate of proteolysis and/or amino acid catabolism would have occurred that might lead to a decrease in ammonia production. Our results suggest that, unlike marine elasmobranchs and coelacanths, which synthesize and retain urea for osmoregulatory purposes, the ureogenic P. dolloi was adapted to synthesizing and excreting urea for the purpose of ammonia detoxification.