Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A critical review of Dunbar’s social brain hypothesis

Dunbar’s social brain hypothesis constitutes an influential position among those that relate the evolution of human cognition and sociality. In this work, we first present the essentials of the theory and discuss the paleoanthropological and social evidence claimed to support it. We also point out its shortcomings, which have to do with the general strategy of finding linear relations among different traits, the lack of attention to the mental capacities that make human social life possible, and the diversity of social relations and structures that take place. We put forward our way of complementing Dunbar’s approach by focusing on the role of trust in cementing society and explaining diversity.
Phytotoxic effects of Thuja orientalis L. and Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) schum crude extracts on wheat seed germination

The present studies focus on the phytotoxic effects of four crude extracts viz-viz n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and butanol of two plants Thuja orientalis and Thevetia peruviana at two different concentrations i.e, 10 mg/ml and 1 mg/ml against wheat grains germination. Wheat grains (Triticum aestivum) germination percentage, germination velocity, root inhibition percentage, root shoot length, seedlings fresh dry weights and moisture content was determined. Maximum inhibition of germination was exhibited by n-hexane and butanol concentrations of Thuja orientalis and ethyl acetate of Thevetia peruviana. Germination velocity was reduced at maximum level by n-hexane and butanol extracts of Thuja orientalis and Thevetia peruviana respectively. Butanol and methanol extracts of Thuja orientalis and Thevetia peruviana were highly effective in reducing the shoot length while maximum reduction in root length was exhibited by ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts of the two plants respectively. Ethyl acetate extract of both the plants was most effective in root inhibition against wheat grains. Maximum reduction in seedling moisture content was recorded in seedlings treated with methanolic extract at the same concentration of Thuja orientalis and Thevetia peruviana. Over all the phytotoxic effects of both the plants for all the parameters were more pronounced at 10 mg/ml concentration.
Effective Sentiment Analysis for Opinion Mining Using Artificial Bee Colony Optimization

Opinions play important role in the process of knowledge discovery or information retrieval and can be considered as a sub discipline of Data Mining. The huge quantity of information on web platforms put together feasible for exercise as data sources, in applications based on opinion mining and classification. An effective sentiment analysis process proposes in this research for mining and classifying the opinions. The phases of the proposed research are: (1) Data Pre-processing Phase (2) Potential Feature Extraction Phase (3) Opinion Extraction and Mining Phase and (4) Opinion Classification Phase. Initially, the datasets from various web documents get preprocessed and gives as part-of-speech tagged text. An Improved High Adjective Count (IHAC) Algorithm employs on the Part-Of-Speech tagged text to extract the potential features. Improved High Adjective Count Algorithm effectively optimizes the scores of the nouns to extract the potential features. An Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) Algorithm works under the IHAC algorithm for providing opinion scores and also for giving ranks for every noun. Max Opinion Score Algorithm can be then helpful to extract the opinion words followed by the classification phase, in which, ID3 algorithm utilizes to classify the review into three kinds positive, negative and neutral based on the opinions. The implementation is carried out on Customer Review Datasets and Additional Review Datasets with the aid of JAVA platform and also the experimentation results are analyzed.
Facebook "mommy groups" : upward and downward social comparison

Facebook is a growing community for support groups for mothers but little is known about who participates in these groups and what impact they may have on mothers’ well-being and self-esteem. The aims of the present study were, therefore, to: 1) examine if mothers that participated in “mommy groups” differed from those that did not and 2) investigate, within, the “mommy group”, the impact of upward and downward social comparison on symptoms of depression and anxiety and self-esteem. Participants (n=136), recruited through Facebook, where mothers who had a child under the age of three years. Participants completed a survey assessing self-esteem, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and tendency to use upward and downward social comparison. The findings indicated that there were no differences between mothers that were in “mommy groups” and mothers that were not in those groups on demographic characteristics, depressive and anxiety symptoms or self-esteem. Mothers, within the “mommy groups”, that used high levels of upward social comparison had higher levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms and lower levels of self-esteem than mothers that used low levels of upward social comparison. Although majority of the mothers (58.8%) reported that the “mommy group” provided them with companionship over 20% experienced negative discussions within the group like competition between mothers (23.6%). The findings suggest that mothers who compare themselves to mothers that they perceive are doing better than themselves might benefit less from Facebook “mommy groups” than other mothers.
Vehicle Logo Recognition Based on Optimized Dictionary and Robust Collaborative Representation

Recently, with the increase of the car ownership, transportation network becomes more and more complex, the traffic management system is facing a serious challenge. Therefore, vehicle recognition plays a decisive role. The vehicle logo contains information of a vehicle, so vehicle logo can be used to identify vehicle models. Considering the problem of the high calculation cost of the vehicle recognition based on sparse representation, a vehicle logo recognition method based on optimized dictionary and robust collaborative representation is proposed. This method not only has a high recognition rate but also reduces the computation time. In our method, HOG feature is selected to represent the vehicle logo image. HOG features are extracted from training samples and testing samples respectively, and then dictionary learning method based on Fisher discrimination criterion is adopted to optimize the train samples. Finally, robust collaborative representation is used to recognize the vehicle models. The experimental results show that our method achieves a high recognition rate 98.2% and reduces the computation time.
Les pratiques transfusionnelles en réanimation Transfusion practices in the intensive care unit

Blood transfusions are a common event in the ICU with about a third of all patients receiving a transfusion at some point during their ICU stay. The theoretical rationale behind blood transfusion is fairly clear-cut: by increasing the hemoglobin concentration, oxygen delivery to the tissues will be improved and organ function optimized. However, in reality the situation is more complex. While increasing red cell mass may indeed increase oxygen delivery, there may not be a corresponding increase in oxygen uptake and tissue oxygen availability. In fact, despite traditional transfusion triggers set in the region of a hemoglobin value of 10 g/dl or a hematocrit of 30%, there is evidence that the system can tolerate much lower levels of anemia with few or no adverse effects. Several studies have suggested an increase in mortality in transfused patients, however, while many patients may indeed tolerate a lower hemoglobin value than traditionally thought, anemia is not a benign feature and acutely anemic patients also have higher mortality rates. The ‘optimal’ hemoglobin is, thus, a balance between the benefits of maximum hemoglobin levels and the potential adverse effects of blood transfusion and high hematocrit. In this article we will discuss some of the epidemiological data surrounding this issue and how its implications for transfusion practice in the ICU. © 2003 Societe de reanimation de langue francaise. Publie par Elsevier SAS. Tous droits reserves.
Aesthetics of the Natural Environment

Introduction 1. Aesthetic Appreciation Aesthetic Experience Aesthetic Qualities Aesthetic Value 2. Early Theories of Aesthetic Appreciation of Nature Aesthetic Appreciation before the 18th century The Beautiful, the Sublime and the Picturesque Romanticism and After Towards the Contemporary Debate 3. Culture, Art and Environment Nature and Culture Appreciating Art and Natural Environments Meaning, Interpretation and Cultural Landscapes 4. Contemporary Theories of Aesthetic Appreciation of Nature The Contemporary Debate Cognitive Theories Non-Cognitive Theories 5. The Integrated Aesthetic I: Multi-Sensuous Engagement and Disinterestedness The Integrated Aesthetic Multi-Sensuous Engagement Disinterestedness Disinterestedness and Valuing Nature 6. The Integrated Aesthetic II: Imagination, Emotion and Knowledge Imagination Imagination and Natural Environments The Communicability of Imagination Emotion, Expressive Qualities and Nature Knowledge in the Integrated Aesthetic 7. Aesthetic Judgements of the Natural Environment and Aesthetic Communication Aesthetic Judgements and Objectivity Aesthetic Judgements of Nature Agreement, Disagreement and the Problem of Taste Aesthetic Communication Aesthetic Criticism and Environmental Aesthetic Education 8. Aesthetics, Ethics and Environmental Conservation Aesthetic Value in Environmental Conservation Landscape Character and the Integrated Aesthetic Aesthetic Character and Aesthetic Integrity: The Case of the Harris Superquarry Aesthetics, Ethics and Conservation Aesthetics and Respect for Nature Bibliography Index.
Subcellular Localization of Beta Catenin in Colorectal Non Neoplastic and Neoplastic Lesions

Loss of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) function is typically an early event in sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis. The key tumor suppressor function of the APC protein lies in its ability to destabilize free cytoplasmic beta catenin. This lead to the accumulation of nuclear beta catenin, and together with the DNA binding protein Tcf-4, function as a transcriptional activator. Accumulation of stabilized free β-catenin is considered as an early event and perhaps initiating the process in intestinal tumorigenesis. Neoplastic transformation in the CRC associated chronic colitis is considered similar to the adenoma-carcinoma sequence in sporadic CRC. The distinguish feature from the CRC-related colitis is the difference in time and frequency changes. Loss of APC function, regarded as the beginning of a very common event in sporadic CRC, but the CRC associated chronic colitis generally occurs at the end of the dysplasia-carcinoma sequence. This research was conducted to determine the subcellular location of beta catenin expression in chronic colitis, colorectal adenomas and carcinomas that were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. It can be concluded that beta-catenin is a component that plays a role in the development of the CRC and the subcellular location of beta-catenin can describe its oncogenic activity.
Dynamical and Precipitation Structures of Poleward-Moving Tropical Cyclones in Eastern Canada, 1979–2005

Abstract Tropical cyclones in the western North Atlantic basin are a persistent threat to human interests along the east coast of North America. Occurring mainly during the late summer and early autumn, these storms often cause strong winds and extreme rainfall and can have a large impact on the weather of eastern Canada. From 1979 to 2005, 40 named (by the National Hurricane Center) tropical cyclones tracked over eastern Canada. Based on the time tendency of the low-level (850–700 hPa) vorticity, the storms are partitioned into two groups: “intensifying” and “decaying. ” The 16 intensifying and 12 decaying cases are then analyzed using data from both the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) and the NCEP global reanalysis. Composite dynamical structures are presented for both partitioned groups, utilizing both quasigeostrophic (QG) and potential vorticity (PV) perspectives. It is found that the proximity to the tropical cyclone and subsequent negati.
Grid simulator for power quality assessment of micro-grids

In this study, a grid simulator based on a back-to-back inverter topology with resonant controllers is presented. The simulator is able to generate three-phase voltages for a range of amplitudes and frequencies with different types of perturbations, such as voltage sags, steady-state unbalanced voltages, low-order harmonics and flicker. The aim of this equipment is to test the performance of a given system under such distorted voltages. A prototype of the simulator, consisting of two inverters connected back-to-back to a 380 V three-phase grid and feeding a micro-grid composed of two-inverter interfaced distributed generators and a critical load was built and tested. A set of experimental results for linear purely resistive loads, non-linear loads and current-controlled inverters is presented to prove the capabilities of the simulator. Finally, a case study is presented by testing a micro-grid.
GWAP as a Tool to Analyze, Design, and Test Geo-Social Systems

In this chapter, the authors discuss the state-of-the-art of Geo-Social systems and Recommender systems, which are becoming extremely popular for users accessing social media trough mobile devices. Moreover, they introduce a general framework based on the interaction among those systems and the “Game With A Purpose” (GWAP) paradigm. The proposed framework/platform can help researchers to understand geo-social dynamics in order to design and test new services, such as recommenders of places of interest for tourists, real-time traffic information systems, personalized suggestions of social events, and so forth. To target the governance of such complexity, relevant data must be collected by the investigators, shared with the community, and analyzed to find dynamical patterns that correlate spatial-temporal information with the user’s preferences and objectives. The authors argue that the GWAP approach can be exploited to successfully satisfy many of these tasks. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-2833-5.ch016
Aerosol Characteristics and Radiative Forcing during Pre-Monsoon and Post- Monsoon Seasons in an Urban Environment

The present study reports on aerosol characteristics and radiative properties utilizing ground based Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) data for the pre-monsoon (March, April, May) and post-monsoon (September, October, November) seasons over Lahore, Pakistan, for the two years during 2009–2010. The Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) data from AERONET and a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) were compared in order to validate both systems. The correlation coefficient for the post-monsoon season was > 0.68 in comparison to > 0.66 for the pre-monsoon season. In the pre-monsoon season, AERONET and MODIS AOD values were in the range of 0.2 to 1.2, and 0.2 to 1.67, respectively. For the post-monsoon season, these values were in the range of 0.17 to 2.46, and 0.15 to 2.45 for AERONET and MODIS, respectively. Strong dust loading resulted in higher values for the coarse particles during the pre-monsoon period, followed by an increase in the absorbing anthropogenic aerosols with the change from the pre-monsoon to post-monsoon season. The higher dust loading corresponded to the higher values of the real part of the refractive index in the pre-monsoon season, causing a relatively large single scattering albedo (SSA) (0.85–0.915) and thus a higher value for the asymmetry parameter (ASY). Similarly, the higher value of absorbing anthropogenic aerosols resulted in a higher value for the imaginary part of the refractive index in the post-monsoon period, followed by relatively lower values for SSA (0.88–0.911) and ASY. The averaged aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) for the pre-monsoon period at the top of the atmosphere was –19 ± 6 W/m 2 , while at the surface it was –93 ± 22 W/m 2 leading to an atmospheric forcing of +74 ± 16 W/m 2 . Likewise, the averaged ARF for the post-monsoon period at the top of the atmosphere was –28 ± 8 W/m 2 , while at the surface it was –98 ± 24 W/m 2 leading to an atmospheric forcing of +70 ± 15 W/m 2 , indicating significant heating of the atmosphere.
Two heuristic approaches to describe periodicities in genomic microarrays

In the first part we discuss the filtering of panels of time series based on singular value decomposition. The discussion is based on an approach where this filtering is used to normalize microarray data. We point out effects on the periodicity and phases for time series panels. In the second part we investigate time dependent periodic panels with different phases. We align the time series in the panel and discuss the periodogram of the aligned time series with the purpose of describing the periodic structure of the panel. The method is quite powerful assuming known phases in the model, but it deteriorates rapidly for noisy data.
Mental health and justice system involvement: A conceptual analysis of the literature.

The fact that individuals with mental health problems are significantly overrepresented in the justice system is a significant concern for public policy and practice. Psychology research examining mental health and risk for criminal offending can be broadly categorized into two approaches that have remained either independent of one another or in apparent conflict: the first based in clinical literature and focused on associations with psychopathology, and the second focused on forensic rehabilitation (e.g., represented in the Risk-Need-Responsivity literature). Although the policy and practice goals associated with these literatures are not synonymous, they overlap in critical respects. The lack of dialogue between the two approaches impoverishes both and contributes to misunderstanding that undermines effective policymaking and practice. To facilitate interpretation of these two approaches, in the current paper research examining mental health issues in justice-involved adults and youth is critically analyzed in terms of differing goals, implicit assumptions, intended scope of the literature, and key terminology (especially definitions of “mental health” problems and of “risk”). These differences are clarified to identify areas of congruence as well as outstanding conflicts. Suggestions are presented for future research at the nexus of these two approaches, which would serve the goal of developing evidence-informed policy and practice to reduce recidivism and improve mental health functioning in individuals with mental health problems who are involved in the justice system.
The Effects of Binding and Non-Binding Job Search Requirements

Job search requirements constrain the effort choice of unemployment insurance recipients by enforcing a minimum number of monthly applications. This paper is the first to assess how individual search effort, job finding and job stability react to this constraint. Standard job search theory predicts that requirements affect each job seeker relative to her unconstrained effort choice. Therefore, the behavioral treatment intensity of interest is the incremental effort necessary to comply with the requirement. Using novel Swiss register data, we measure this intensity as the difference between the individual requirement threshold and the search effort provided just before requirement imposition. Our econometric approach exploits that – conditional on a broad set of choice fixed effects – the match between the job seeker's unconstrained effort choice and the caseworker's requirement setting behavior is arbitrary. Therefore, it provides exogenous variation in the treatment assignment. We find that binding search requirements that exceed the job seeker's unconstrained effort choice, increase job finding in a substantial way. These effects are highly heterogeneous with respect to the job seeker's characteristics. They come at the cost of increased non-compliance and sanction imposition rates. Moreover, binding requirements have striking negative effects on job stability. Finally, we find that non-binding requirements can also affect search outcomes. This suggests that requirements can operate as signals, thereby generating behavioral effects that are not predicted by standard job search theory.
A developmental approach of imitation to study the emergence of mirror neurons in a sensory-motor controller

Mirror neurons have often been considered as the explanation of how primates can imitate. In this paper, we show that a simple neural network architecture that learns visuo-motor associations can be enough to let low level imitation emerge without a priori mirror neurons. Adding sequence learning mechanisms and action inhibition allows to perform deferred imitation of gestures demonstrated visually or by body manipulation. With the building of a cognitive map giving the capability of learning plans, we can study in our model the emergence of both low level and high level resonances highlighted by Rizzolatti et al.
Issues Matter: A Case Study of Factors Influencing Voting Choices

For an intended audience of applied statisticians and public opinion analysts who have a basic knowledge of statistics, this case study exemplifies the multivariate dependencies strategy of Cox and Wermuth. It develops graphical models of the voting choice in the 1992 Clinton-Perot-Bush presidential election. It documents how investigators can apply subject matter knowledge and statistical methods to election surveys, producing novel insights. It clarifies how social attributes, philosophical self-designation (liberal, centrist, conservative), party identification (Democrat, Independent, Republican), and the issues influence the voters’ choices. The issues form a left-center-right latent structure. The right is more ideologically consistent than the left but Clinton got much of the center’s vote and this led to his victory over Bush. Interactions among the issues indicate that Democratic advocacy of environmental protection may have weakened the effect of a negative campaign directed against Clinton’s character.
Positive Versus Negative Neuroimaging in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Outcome: A Meta-Analysis

Positive versus Negative Neuroimaging in Relation to Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Outcome: A Meta-Analysis Thomas J. Farrer Department of Psychology Master of Science Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) can be broken into two categories; complicated and uncomplicated. These categories are based on structural imaging scans during the assessment of the injury. If abnormalities appear in the scan, we refer to it as complicated. The present research aims at determining whether there are differences in the neuropsychological deficits in the presences of positive neuroimaging as opposed to negative neuroimaging. This was accomplished with meta-analytic techniques. It was found that neuroimaging does not predict neuropsychological functioning in the chronic state of mTBI.