Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extending the Syntax and Semantics of the Hybrid Functional-Object-Oriented Scripting Language FOBS with FEDELE

We describe the programming language FOBS-X (Extensible FOBS). FOBS-X is interpreted, and is intended as a universal scripting language. One of the more interesting features of FOBS-X is its ability to be extended, allowing it to be adopted to new scripting environments. FOBS-x is structured as a core language that is parsed by the interpreter, and an extended language that is translated to the core by macro expansion. The syntax of the language can easily be modified by writing new macros. The library for FOBS-X is reconfigurable, allowing the semantics of the language to be modified, and adapted to facilitate the interaction with interfaces to new scripting environments. This paper focuses on the tools used for the semantic extension of the language. A tool called FEDELE has been developed, allowing the user to add library modules to the FOBS-X library. In this way the semantics of the language can be enhanced, and the language can be adapted.
Effect of water storage on the flexural properties of E-glass and silica fiber acrylic resin composite.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the effect of water on the flexural properties of fiber-reinforced denture base polymers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Continuous woven silanized electrical glass, or E-glass, fibers and woven silica fibers were used to reinforce heat-cured and autopolymerized denture base polymers. Fibers were oriented at a 45-degree angle to the long axis of the test specimens. Control specimens were unreinforced. Dry test specimens and those stored in water for up to 48 weeks were tested with a three-point loading apparatus. The surfaces of the fibers of the test specimens stored dry or 48 weeks in water were analyzed with a scanning electron microscope to evaluate the degree of adhesion between fibers and polymer matrix. RESULTS The ultimate transverse strength of unreinforced and reinforced denture base polymers decreased during 48 weeks' storage in water (P < 0.05, one-way analysis of variance, n = 5), and most of this reduction occurred during the first 4 weeks of storage in water. The flexural modulus of the unreinforced test specimens decreased significantly (P < 0.001), whereas there was less, if any, change in the flexural modulus of the fiber-reinforced test specimens. Scanning electron microscopic examination revealed no differences in adhesion of E-glass fibers to the polymer matrix when the specimens stored in water were compared with those stored by. Reduced adhesion between the silica fibers and matrix was observed after 48 weeks' storage in water. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that the ultimate transverse strength of the E-glass fiber-reinforced test specimens decreased 14% and that of the silica fiber-reinforced test specimens decreased 36% after 48 weeks of storage in water.
Self‐eating and self‐defense: autophagy controls innate immunity and adaptive immunity

Autophagy (macroautophagy; “self‐eating”) is a degradation process, in which cytoplasmic content is engulfed and degraded by the lysosome. And, immunity is an important mechanism of the “self‐defense” system. Autophagy has long been recognized as a stress response to nutrient deprivation. This will provide energy and anabolic building blocks to maintain cellular bioenergetic homeostasis. Thus, autophagy plays critical roles in regulating a wide variety of pathophysiological processes, including tumorigenesis, embryo development, tissue remodeling, and most recently, immunity. The latter shows that a self‐eating (autophagy) process could regulate a self‐defense (immune) system. In this review, we summarize the recent findings regarding the regulatory and mechanistic insights of the autophagy pathway in immunity.
Mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis in Sicily

This study reports data on the sequences of the first hypervariable segment of a sample of the Sicilian population from Alia (Palermo, Italy). The results show the presence of 32 different haplotypes in the 49 individuals examined. The average number of pairwise nucleotide differences was 4.04, i.e., 1.17% per nucleotide. The distribution of the nucleotide differences matches the theoretical distribution and indicates only one major episode of expansion that occurred between 20,732 and 59,691 years ago, between the Middle Paleolithic and Upper Paleolithic. Compared with the other populations, parameters of the Sicilian sample lie in an intermediate position between the eastern and western Mediterranean populations. This is due to numerous contacts that Sicily has had with the Mediterranean area since prehistoric times. At the same time, the singularity of some of the haplotypes present in the sample studied indicates the persistence of some characteristics caused by genetic drift and isolation that the population has endured in the course of its history. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13:576–589, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Usefulness of AgNOR counts in diagnosing epithelial dysplasia.

BACKGROUND Diagnosis of epithelial dysplasia has traditionally been subjective, and there is a need for a quantifiable and useful test. METHODS In a double blind study, clinical leukoplakias from 52 people were diagnosed for presence (DLK) or absence (NDLK) of epithelial dysplasia using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain as a gold standard criterion, and results were compared against their mean silver stainable nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) counts. We used mean AgNOR count cut-point of 2.37 from our prior report as the diagnostic threshold (mean >or= 2.37 being DLK and mean < 2.37 being NDLK). RESULTS The two methods (H&E and AgNOR) disagreed in 37% of the diagnoses. Both NDLK and DLK had high AgNOR counts. P-AgNOR was non-contributory for diagnosing epithelial dysplasia. CONCLUSIONS Mean AgNOR count can be a useful tool in definitive diagnosis of epithelial dysplasia.
Numerical simulations based thermal reliability of power device packages

Discrete high power packages: TO-220FP, TO-247, TO-3P are investigated for their thermal-mechanical behaviors. Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance measurements and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are utilized to judge the thermal performance of these packages with the same material properties. The finite element method (FEM) simulations of temperature cycling is also applied to analyze the internal stress and strain, impact of different die size and thickness have been compared, which provides references for further studies and power packages optimization.
Changing patterns of medical treatment in acute myocardial infarction. Observations from the Perth MONICA Project 1984-1990.

TYPE OF STUDY Descriptive study of trends in the drug therapy for acute myocardial infarction. SETTING Population-based register of acute coronary events compiled for the years 1984 to 1990 in the course of the Perth MONICA project. CASES 5294 cases meeting clinical criteria for acute myocardial infarction. RESULTS Striking changes were seen in the use of aspirin before admission to hospital (from 4% to 18%). During the stay in hospital the use of beta-blockers increased steadily from 52% to 76%, while the use of aspirin increased 3.5-fold from 25% to 88% and the use of streptokinase increased 13.5-fold from 2.4% to 32.4%. The proportion of patients prescribed beta-blockers on discharge from hospital increased from 46% to 65% and that for aspirin rose from 16% to 83%. There were also major relative increases in the use of lipid-lowering agents and declines in the use of antiarrhythmic drugs. CONCLUSION These trends in the pharmacological management of myocardial infarction mirror the emerging evidence from clinical trials, although the increases in the use of certain types of drugs antedated publication of the results of major randomised studies. The changes in therapy would partly explain observed improvements in case fatality and may have contributed to the decline in coronary mortality observed in the Perth community.
Exploring Big Data and Privacy in Strategic Communication Campaigns: A Cross-Cultural Study of Mobile Social Media Users’ Daily Experiences

Mobile communications have played an indispensable part in contemporary human experiences. The combination of social networking and mobile technologies presents an interesting phenomenon because the pervasive nature of mobile technologies significantly impacts on users’ privacy concerns about highly personal social media like Facebook. The massive amount of data collected from users’ mobile social media usage behaviors is beneficial to strategic communication professionals and practices. However, there are significant privacy concerns as a result of these big data applications. Because cultural context provides what is considered to be private and how individuals should respond to any infringement with their own privacy, Geert Hofstede’s 5-D cultural dimension framework was used as an interpretive framework to understand cross-cultural data collected from the Experience Sampling Method (ESM). The data were analyzed by examining country-specific differences in mobile social media users’ experiences, particularly, concerns over privacy among these cross-cultural mobile social media users. Individualism/Collectivism index was found to explain cross-cultural variations in our study. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.
Structural Dissection of a Highly Knotted Peptide Reveals Minimal Motif with Antimicrobial Activity*

The increasing occurrence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics is driving a renewed interest on antimicrobial peptides, in the hope that understanding the structural features responsible for their activity will provide leads into new anti-infective drug candidates. Most chemical studies in this field have focused on linear peptides of various eukaryotic origins, rather than on structures with complex folding patterns found also in nature. We have undertaken the structural dissection of a highly knotted, cysteine-rich plant thionin, with the aim of defining a minimal, synthetically accessible, structure that preserves the bioactive properties of the parent peptide. Using efficient strategies for directed disulfide bond formation, we have prepared a substantially simplified (45% size reduction) version with undiminished antimicrobial activity against a representative panel of pathogens. Analysis by circular dichroism shows that the downsized peptide preserves the central double α-helix of the parent form as an essential bioactive motif. Membrane permeability and surface plasmon resonance studies confirm that the mechanism of action remains unchanged.
Patent arterial duct, bottle-meal, and fatal myocardial ischaemia*

Abstract A patent arterial duct in pre-term neonates is frequent. Systemic complications consecutive to left-to-right shunting are well known but fatal myocardial ischaemia has not been described till now. The presented premature baby died from catecholamine refractory cardiogenic shock. Autoptic examination revealed acute ischaemic changes predominantly in the inner third of myocardium, speaking of coronary hypoperfusion due to a steal phenomenon secondary to the patent arterial duct.
Efficacy of 50G Glucose Challenge Test in The Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Aim: Our aim in this study was to investigate the efficacy of 50 g glucose challenge test (GCT) in the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to determine a cut-off value for screening. Methods: 50-g GCT was performed in 444 pregnant women at 24-28 gestational weeks. The threshold was taken as 130 mg/dl in order not to miss GDM cases. A plasma glucose level of ≥130 mg/ dl at the first hour was considered to be a positive result and 100g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was given to these women. Results: The cut-off value for 50-g GCT was found to be 145 mg/ dl. The sensitivity and specificity of the test for predicting GDM at the levels of ≥145 mg/dl were determined to be 96.30% and 80.34%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the test at the level of 88 mg/dl determined for fasting blood glucose cut-off value were found to be 48.15% and 70.84%, respectively.
Clinical experience in organ transplant from the Shiraz Transplant Center: 2011.

OBJECTIVES The Shiraz Organ Transplant Center, the largest transplant center in Iran, has expanded its program of organ transplant during recent years. This article seeks to summarize organ transplantation over the last 2 decades and evaluate its status as of 2011. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the clinical records of all organ transplants performed in our center in 2011. We reviewed the patients' demographics, underlying disease, operation details as well as postoperative complications. RESULTS During this period, 655 organ transplants including 345 liver, 297 kidney, 29 pancreas, and 11 intestine and multivisceral transplants were done. Among 345 liver transplants, 291 patients received a deceased-donor graft including 18 cases of split liver transplants while 54 patients received living-donor liver transplants. The 1-year graft and patient survival rates were 90.1% and 91%. CONCLUSIONS In recent years, our program in organ transplants has expanded in number and variety of organs transplanted. This improvement is related to our multidisciplinary strategies to expand the donor pool and the experiences obtained during our transplant activities.
Phosphorylation of pig brain microtubule proteins. General properties and partial characterization of endogenous substrate and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase.

1. A simple purification procedure for microtubule proteins is described, which involves a single assembly step in vitro in the absence of glycerol, followed by centrifugation through sucrose. 2. The preparation contains 80% tubulin (mol.wt. 54000), 15-20% of a 280000-mol.wt. protein and several other minor components of intermediate molecular weight after polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate and 2-mercaptoethanol. 3. In the presence of [gamma-32P]ATP, [32P]phosphate was incorporated into the 280000-mol.wt. component reaching half-maximal incorporation at 1-2 min, but no phosphorylation of tubulin was detected. Cyclic AMP (Km 0.8 micrometer) increased both the initial rate and the extent of incorporation of [32P]phosphate into this component. 4. About half of the endogenous protein kinase activity did not require cyclic AMP and was not inhibited by a heat-stable inhibitor protein from muscle. The remainder of the activity was cyclic AMP-dependent and sensitive to the inhibitor protein. A regulatory subunit was not dissociable from microtubules assembled in vitro in the presence of saturating concentrations of cyclic AMP. 5. The endogenous substrate and the endogenous protein kinase activity could be partially resolved chromatography on phosphocellulose. 6. The data show that cyclic AMP can moduate the activity of an endogenous protein kinase(s) with unusual properties and which phosphorylates a prominent microtubule-associated protein.
Analysis of PFK3—A gene involved in particulate phosphofructokinase synthesis reveals additional functions of TPS2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The pfk3 mutation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae causes glucose‐negativity in a pfk1 genetic background, the mutant is temperature‐sensitive for growth and homozygous diploids do not sporulate. It fails to accumulate trehalose, and has an altered glycogen accumulation profile under glucose‐starvation conditions. pfk3–6, one of the alleles of pfk3, has an altered morphology, forming long chain‐like structures at 36°C. The PFK3 gene was cloned by complementation of the mutant phenotypes. Integrative transformation demonstrated that the complementing fragment encoded the authentic PFK3 gene. The disruption of the gene does not affect viability. Like the EMS‐induced pfk3 mutant, the disruptants are temperature‐sensitive and in a pfk1 genetic background are also glucose‐negative. The PFK3 transcript is induced by heat‐shock. Partial DNA sequence shows that PFK3 is identical to TPS2 (De Virgilio et al., 1993). We demonstrate that, apart from being a structural determinant of trehalose 6‐phosphate phosphatase, PFK3 (TPS2) is required for PFKII synthesis and normal regulation of S. cerevisiae response to nutrient and thermal stresses.
Influence of Driving Current's Wave on Accelerative Performance of Induction Coil Launcher

It is a goal for the investigator pursuing to how to improve the efficiency of the induction coil launcher (ICL). In order to enhance the efficiency, the influences of the driving current's wave on the accelerative performance in single-stage ICL are investigated. Combined the bipolar driving manner and the single-polar driving manner, the dynamic working process of the single-stage induction coil launcher are simulated. The waves of the driving current and the waves of the armature's force, speed and position are presented. For the two driving manner, the waves of their corresponding driving current are not identical. The driving current in the bipolar driving manner is bipolar, and the driving current in the single-polar driving manner is single-polar. Under the condition of the bipolar driving manner, the armature will be decelerated because of the braking force when it has not been leaved from the driving coil completely. Under the condition of the single-polar driving manner, the armature will be suffered from the action of the braking force when it has leaved from the driving coil completely. Therefore the braking force will be produced lower negative effect in the single-polar driving manner than in the bipolar driving manner, which means that higher efficiency is achieved from the single-polar driving manner. Under the same working conditions (Z=5, C=1000 mu F, f/=3000V), the maximum velocities obtained in the bipolar driving manner and in the single-polar driving manner are 7.8 m/s and 14.0008 m/s respectively. Analysis shows that the braking effect of the armature is not only related with the driving current wave but also with the armature's position.
Expression Cloning and Characterization of ROAT1

Expression cloning in Xenopus laevisoocytes was used to isolate an organic anion transport protein from rat kidney. A cDNA library was constructed from size-fractionated poly(A)+ RNA and screened for probenecid-sensitive transport of p-aminohippurate (PAH). A 2,227-base pair cDNA clone containing a 1,656-base pair open reading frame coding for a peptide 551 amino acids long was isolated and named ROAT1. ROAT1-mediated transport of 50 μm [3H]PAH was independent of imposed changes in membrane potential. Transport was significantly inhibited at 4 °C, or upon incubation with other organic anions, but not by the organic cation tetraethylammonium, by the multidrug resistance ATPase inhibitor cyclosporin A, or by urate. External glutarate and α-ketoglutarate (1 mm), both counterions for basolateral PAH exchange, also inhibited transport, suggesting that ROAT1 is functionally similar to the basolateral PAH carrier. Consistent with this conclusion, PAH uptake was trans-stimulated in oocytes preloaded with glutarate, whereas the dicarboxylate methylsuccinate, which is not accepted by the basolateral exchanger, did nottrans-stimulate. Finally, ROAT1-mediated PAH transport was saturable, with an estimated K m of 70 μm. Each of these properties is identical to those previously described for the basolateral α-ketoglutarate/PAH exchanger in isolated membrane vesicles or intact renal tubules.
Use of a "replication-restricted" herpes virus to treat experimental human malignant mesothelioma.

Modified, nonneurovirulent herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) have shown promise in the treatment of brain tumors. However, HSV-1 can infect and lyse a wide range of cell types. In this report, we show that HSV-1716, a mutant lacking both copies of the gene coding ICP-34.5, can effectively treat a localized i.p. malignancy. Human malignant mesothelioma cells supported the growth of HSV-1716 and were efficiently lysed in vitro. i.p. injection of HSV-1716 into animals with established tumor nodules reduced tumor burden and significantly prolonged survival in an animal model of non-central nervous system-localized human malignancy without dissemination or persistence after i.p. injection into SCID mice bearing human tumors. These findings suggest that this virus may be efficacious and safe for use in localized human malignancies of nonneuronal origin such as malignant mesothelioma.
Spatio-temporal coherent control of atomic systems: weak to strong field transition and breaking of symmetry in 2D maps

Coherent control of resonant and non-resonant two-photon absorption processes was examined using a spatio-temporal pulse-shaping technique. By utilizing a combination of temporal focusing and femtosecond pulse-shaping techniques, we spatially control multiphoton absorption processes in a completely deterministic manner. Distinctive symmetry properties emerge through two-dimensional mapping of spatio-temporal data. These symmetries break down in the transition to strong fields, revealing details of strong-field effects such as power broadenings and dynamic Stark shifts. We also present demonstrations of chirp-dependent population transfer in atomic rubidium, as well as the spatial separation of resonant and non-resonant excitation pathways in atomic caesium.
Minimally Invasive Treatments of Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures

Study Design. A literature review of experiences with vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty for treating symptomatic, osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (VCFs). Objectives. To summarize the advantages and disadvantages of kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty. Summary of Background Data. Osteoporotic VCFs are a leading cause of disability and morbidity in the elderly. The consequences of osteoporotic VCFs (pain and often progressive vertebral collapse with resultant spinal kyphosis) adversely affect quality of life, physical function, mental health, and survival. Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are minimally invasive procedures for treating painful fractures. Vertebroplasty entails the percutaneous injection of bone cement into the fractured vertebra in attempts to stabilize the fracture and reduce pain. Kyphoplasty addresses pain and kyphotic deformity by the percutaneous expansion of an inflatable bone tamp to effect fracture reduction before cement deposition in a fractured vertebra. Methods. A literature review of surgical techniques, indications, clinical results, and complications for vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty. Results. Studies of vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty have reported excellent pain relief and improved function in most patients with osteoporotic VCFs. Vertebroplasty has the advantage of being relatively quick and inexpensive. Kyphoplasty, while associated with increased cost and surgical time, offers the potential to improve spinal alignment. In addition, by creating an intravertebral cavity, kyphoplasty reduces the risk of extravertebral bone filler extravasation. Conclusions. Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are currently used to treat osteoporotic VCFs with successful short-term results. Prospective, randomized studies comparing these procedures to one another and comparing their long-term outcomes to conventional medical management are required to define precise roles of these exciting treatments in the spine physician’s armamentarium.