Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sleep No More: Nightmares in Emerging Nazi Germany

Charlotte Beradt collected hundreds of dreams she gathered in Germany between 1933 and 1939, hid them, and then sent them abroad. According to her The Third Reich of Dreams, people living under the totalitarian government of Nazi Germany had fears of listening devices picking up their own thoughts even when they were asleep, of having no walls, and of being condemned for talking in their sleep. The dreams reveal fears, insecurities, confusion, guilt, and lack of trust. Dream research has often been impaired because researchers were examining dreams during REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, while many nightmares occur during non‐REM sleep. The Beradt’s study showed the advantage of retrospective accounts. Dreams of other trauma victims include the discovery of dead bodies and being killed oneself and often replicas of actual events. Such nightmares preclude the restorative function of sleep. Psychotherapy, however, using dreams from traumas when conducted in a safe environment, can be helpful and relieve patients from suffering.
Developmental Control of Cell Cycle Regulators: A Fly's Perspective

During early development in many species, maternally supplied gene products permit the cell cycle to run at maximum velocity, subdividing the fertilized egg into smaller and smaller cells. As development proceeds, zygotic controls are activated that first limit divisions to defined spatial and temporal domains, coordinating them with morphogenesis, and then halt proliferation altogether, to allow cell differentiation. Analysis of the regulation of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) in Drosophila has provided insights into how this embryonic program of cell proliferation is controlled at the molecular level and how it is linked to developmental cues. Recent studies have also begun to reveal how cell proliferation is controlled during the second phase of Drosophila development, which occurs in imaginal tissues. In contrast to their embryonic progenitors, imaginal cells proliferate with a cycle that requires cell growth and is linked to patterning processes controlled by secreted cell signaling molecules. The functions of these signaling molecules appear to be nearly as conserved between vertebrates and invertebrates as the cell cycle control apparatus itself, suggesting that the mechanisms that coordinate growth, patterning, and cell proliferation in developing tissues have ancient origins.
Feedback Inhibition of l-Glutamine d-Fructose 6-Phosphate Amidotransferase by Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine in Neurospora crassa

The enzyme, l-glutamine d-fructose 6-phosphate amidotransferase (EC 2.6.1.16) of Neurospora crassa, which catalyzes the formation of glucosamine 6-phosphate was shown to be subject to feedback inhibition by uridine diphosphate N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc). The conclusion is based on the following observations. UDP-GlcNAc, the direct precursor of chitin, did not accumulate in the cell even when its utilization for the synthesis of cell wall chitin was interrupted by the antibiotic polyoxin D, a competitive inhibitor of the chitin synthetase (EC 2.4.1.16). Furthermore, the cellular level of UDP-GlcNAc rose in a short period of time when the amidotransferase was bypassed in vivo by the addition of glucosamine to the growing medium of the fungus. The amidotransferase was purified from N. crassa approximately 85-fold. Kinetic studies showed that UDP-GlcNAc was a potent and specific inhibitor of the amidotransferase, and that it did not alter the Michaelis constant for either l-glutamine or d-fructose 6-phosphate, suggesting that the inhibitor binds at a site on the enzyme distinct from the active site.
Urinary Concentrations of Dialkylphosphate Metabolites of Organophosphorus Pesticides: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004

Organophosphorus (OP) insecticides were among the first pesticides that EPA reevaluated as part of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Our goal was to assess exposure to OP insecticides in the U.S. general population over a six-year period. We analyzed 7,456 urine samples collected as part of three two-year cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999–2004. We measured six dialkylphosphate metabolites of OP pesticides to assess OP pesticide exposure. In NHANES 2003–2004, dimethylthiophosphate was detected most frequently with median and 95th percentile concentrations of 2.03 and 35.3 μg/L, respectively. Adolescents were two to three times more likely to have diethylphosphate concentrations above the 95th percentile estimate of 15.5 μg/L than adults and senior adults. Conversely, for dimethyldithiophosphate, senior adults were 3.8 times and 1.8 times more likely to be above the 95th percentile than adults and adolescents, respectively, while adults were 2.1 times more likely to be above the 95th percentile than the adolescents. Our data indicate that the most vulnerable segments of our population—children and older adults—have higher exposures to OP pesticides than other population segments. However, according to DAP urinary metabolite data, exposures to OP pesticides have declined during the last six years at both the median and 95th percentile levels.
Demonstration of high-bandwidth data transmission above 240 Gbps for optoelectronic module with low-loss and low-crosstalk polynorbornene waveguides

We developed a novel flexible optoelectronic (O/E) transceiver module designed for high-bandwidth and low loss data transmission for board level interconnects. In the O/E module, integrated circuits (ICs) and two 12 channel O/E devices including 850 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser diodes (VCSELs) and photodiodes (PDs) were flip-chip assembled on flexible printed circuit (FPC). O/E modules and a sheet of 24-channel polynorbornene (PNB) waveguides were fabricated separately by using cost-effective and standard packaging processes. At the end of the O/E module fabrication process, the PNB waveguide sheet was integrated on completed FPCs with ICs and O/E devices using bonding sheets. Micro-mirrors formed in PNB waveguides were passively aligned toward the corresponding active areas of O/E devices respectively. The PNB waveguide sheet (120 mm long) was bi-directionally linked between O/E modules. We successfully demonstrated data transmission up to 16 Gbps/channel using an optical linked O/E transceiver module with low-loss and low-crosstalk PNB waveguides.
Antiphospholipid antibodies and acute-phase response in non-metastatic colorectal cancer patients.

AIM To investigate the plasma levels and prevalence of the most common antiphospholipid antibodies, as well as their relationships with several plasma markers of inflammation, in order to characterize some aspects of cancer thrombophilia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-three cancer patients with non-metastatic colorectal solid tumors and 94 control subjects were tested for the presence of IgG/IgM/IgA anti-cardiolipin and anti-Beta2-glycoprotein I antibodies and of several acutephase reactants, i.e., fibrinogen, factor VIII:C and C4b-binding protein. RESULTS In cancer patients the plasma levels of the acute-phase reactants and the IgA/IgG anti-cardiolipin and IgA anti-Beta2- glycoprotein I antibodies were significantly higher; the acute-phase reactants were significantly correlated with anti-cardiolipin antibodies; the prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies was not significantly higher. CONCLUSIONS In patients with non-metastatic colorectal cancer the acute-phase response is associated with antiphospholipid generation. This could represent a further pathogenetic mechanism for the short-term post-surgery thrombotic complications of patients with colorectal cancer.
The Dangers and Draw of Online Communication: Pro-Anorexia Websites and their Implications for Users, Practitioners, and Researchers

Recent advances in communication have enabled an underground interest group, unrestricted by geographic boarders, to evolve. The so-called pro-anorexia movement has a particular presence in the form of Internet discussion boards. This paper examines the potential impact of such online activity for those visiting these resources, for practitioners working with individuals who have anorexia, and for those conducting research into the condition. It contributes to the debate about this controversial development in the world of eating disorders.
Do specific HLA antigens predispose to ischaemic heart disease or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy?

BACKGROUND--The aetiology of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy is believed to have an immunological component. Association with human leucocyte antigens (HLAs) has been previously reported, particularly with HLA-DR4. AIM--To determine the association of HLA type with diagnosis in a group of patients assessed for heart transplantation. METHODS--A comparison was made of frequencies of HLA types in patients with a diagnosis of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy or (n = 98) ischaemic heart disease (n = 170) and in controls from the North Western region (n = 857). RESULTS--Neither the patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy nor those with ischaemic heart disease showed a significant increase or decrease in any HLA frequency compared with the controls. CONCLUSION--These results suggest that there is no HLA association with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy or ischaemic heart disease. This conflicts with the results of some previous studies.
Multivariable adaptive neural control based on multimodel emulator for nonlinear square MIMO systems

This work describes multivariable adaptive neural control based on multimodel emulator for nonlinear square MIMO systems. Multimodel approach is an interesting alternative and a powerful tool for modelling and emulating complex processes. This paper deals with the identification of nonlinear MIMO systems employing an uncoupled multimodel. Efficiency of this multimodel for systems emulation is illustrated in a multivariable adaptive neural control schemes. Neither initialization parameter and nor online adaptation are required in this case. The effectiveness of the proposed multimodel emulator and the control design are shown through numerical simulations.
FPGA implementation of a GF(2/sup 2M/) multiplier for use in pairing based cryptosystems

In this paper an architecture for GF(2/sup 4m/) multiplication is outlined. It is illustrated how this operation is critical to efficient hardware implementation of the Tale pairing, which itself is the underlying calculation in many new pairing based cryptosystems. Tate pairing calculation times using an FPGA hardware accelerator are estimated based on results from the multiplier architecture.
The Sri Lankan paradox: high genetic diversity in Plasmodium vivax populations despite decreasing levels of malaria transmission

SUMMARY Here we examined whether the recent dramatic decline in malaria transmission in Sri Lanka led to a major bottleneck in the local Plasmodium vivax population, with a substantial decrease in the effective population size. To this end, we typed 14 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers in 185 P. vivax patient isolates collected from 13 districts in Sri Lanka over a period of 5 years (2003–2007). Overall, we found a high degree of polymorphism, with 184 unique haplotypes (12–46 alleles per locus) and average genetic diversity (expected heterozygosity) of 0·8744. Almost 69% (n = 127) isolates had multiple-clone infections (MCI). Significant spatial and temporal differentiation (F ST = 0·04–0·25; P⩽0·0009) between populations was observed. The effective population size was relatively high but showed a decline from 2003–4 to 2006–7 periods (estimated as 45 661 to 22 896 or 10 513 to 7057, depending on the underlying model used). We used three approaches – namely, mode-shift in allele frequency distribution, detection of heterozygote excess and the M-ratio statistics – to test for evidence of a recent population bottleneck but only the low values of M-ratio statistics (ranging between 0·15–0·33, mean 0·26) were suggestive of such a bottleneck. The persistence of high genetic diversity and high proportion of MCI, with little change in effective population size, despite the collapse in demographic population size of P. vivax in Sri Lanka indicates the importance of maintaining stringent control and surveillance measures to prevent resurgence.
Long-Term Effects on Cholesterol Levels and the Utilization of Lipid-Lowering Drugs of a Hospital-Based Programme for Secondary Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease

Background The study was designed to determine whether a 1-year hospital-based secondary prevention programme would have any long-term effects on serum lipid levels and the use of lipid-lowering drugs in patients with coronary artery disease 4 years after referral to primary care facilities for follow-up. Design/methods After acute myocardial infarction or coronary bypass surgery, 241 consecutive patients were randomly assigned to conventional care (CC) by the primary health care facilities or to a 1-year hospital-based secondary prevention programme (SPP) with target levels for serum cholesterol (< 5.2 mmol/l) and triglycerides (< 1.5 mmol/l). After 1 year all patients were referred to the primary care sector for a further 4-year follow-up. Results At the 1-year follow-up there was a significant decrease in serum cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the SPP group but no change in the CC group, and lipid-lowering drugs were used more frequently in the SPP group. These changes were maintained after 5 years. The proportion of patients achieving target serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were larger in the SPP group. Conclusions Initiatives regarding cholesterol lowering and drug treatment taken by specialists within a structured hospital-based SPP have long-term impact. Accordingly, drug treatment should be initiated and adjusted to adequate doses before patients are referred to primary care for follow-up.
Mapping Japanese Medical Terms to UMLS Metathesaurus

This paper introduces and reports the results for a project to map Japanese medical terms to the UMLS Metathesaurus. The "Thesaurus for Medical and Health related Terms version 5" published in 2003 by the Japan Medical Abstracts Society and UMLS version 2002AC provided by NLM were used in this study. The goal was to judge the validity of the correlation between the Japanese and English terms that belong to the same MeSH concept. Fifteen medicine, nursing, and library science professionals, excluding JAMAS, used a custom designed Web interface to perform this task. About 10% of the concepts were judged as invalid, and the reasoning behind these failures were analyzed. Experience from this project can be used to estimate the manpower required to revise the Japanese thesaurus after future revisions to UMLS or MeSH.
Exploring Ocular Aberrations with a Schematic Human Eye Model

Purpose. Advances in ophthalmic technologies now offer both the measurement and reduction of ocular aberrations by surgically or otherwise honing refraction in the anterior eye. Ocular aberrations, however, are known to change with a multitude of factors, including field position, accommodation level, and age. Thus, although static correction of aberrations provides some vision improvement, this may be less than expected. Methods. In this article, we use an aspheric, variable-focus, age-dependent, gradient index schematic eye to investigate where ocular aberrations arise in the eye and how these change with field position, accommodation, and age. Optical ray tracing was carried out using optical design software ZEMAX, and Seidel aberration analysis was performed with custom written software in MATLAB. Results and Conclusions. Our modeling is consistent with clinical findings that certain corneal aberrations almost balance those arising from the lens. Our calculations also support the general notion that, by optical sculpting, corneal aberrations can be adjusted to completely balance out those of the lens. This can effectively eliminate the eye's total monochromatic aberrations, but for only one retinal image point at a time. Centered on this point of minimal aberration is a region (the isoplanatic patch) within which the aberrations produce a point spread smaller than some tolerable limit. Also, using available evidence in the literature concerning changes in critical ocular parameters with age and accommodation, our modeling results parallel established clinical findings, and additionally indicate that the major source of aberration change can be attributed to the gradient index distribution in the lens.
Analyse der Rentabilität von Energiespeichern in der Industrie

Kurzfassung Im Rahmen der Energiewende hat sich die Bundesrepublik Deutschland bis zum Jahr 2050 das Ziel gesetzt, 80 Prozenz der elektrischen Energie aus regenerativen Quellen zu beziehen. Deshalb wird die Energieerzeugung aufgrund von Witterungseinflüssen eine zunehmende Volatilität aufweisen. Eine Möglichkeit, die Netzqualität in Zukunft stabil zu halten, ist die gezielte Beeinflussung des Energiebedarfs der produzierenden Unternehmen. Dies ist zum Beispoiel durch den Einsatz von Energiespeichern denkbar. Bereits heute können Speichertechnologien eingesetzt werden, um Lastspitzen zu vermeiden und somit Energiekosten zu sparen. In diesem Kontext wurde die Rentabilität unterschiedlicher Energiespeicher im industriellen Umfeld untersucht. So wurde ein Software-Tool entwickelt und implementiert, welches die technischen und wirtschaftlichen Einflussfaktoren auf die Rentabilität von Energiespeichern berücksichtigt und somit die Amortisationszeiten von Speichern berechnet.
The Comparison of Crowd Counting Algorithms based on Computer Vision

This paper aims to compare the three mainstream solutions for today’s crowd counting and analyze the highlights of each model. In MCNN, they proposed a multi-column parallel convolutional neural network structure that generates population density maps by adapting crowd changes caused by camera view-points and resolution using filters with different size receptive fields. In Switch-CNN, they added a density classifier to the MCNN to enable the use of local density changes in the crowd. In CSRNet, they abandoned the structure of a multi-column convolutional neural network, using the first ten layers of VGG-16 as the front part and the convolutional neural network as the latter part. From the analysis results, CSRNet shows advanced performance. In addition, we analyzed the comparison results of three convolutional neural networks, and derived the trend of convolutional neural network structure.
CONSTRAINTS ON THE NEUTRON STAR AND INNER ACCRETION FLOW IN SERPENS X-1 USING NuSTAR

We report on an observation of the neutron star low-mass X-ray binary Serpens X-1, made with NuSTAR. The extraordinary sensitivity afforded by NuSTAR facilitated the detection of a clear, robust, relativistic Fe K emission line from the inner disk. A relativistic profile is required over a single Gaussian line from any charge state of Fe at the 5σ level of confidence, and any two Gaussians of equal width at the same confidence. The Compton back-scattering “hump” peaking in the 10–20 keV band is detected for the first time in a neutron star X-ray binary. Fits with relativistically blurred disk reflection models suggest that the disk likely extends close to the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) or stellar surface. The best-fit blurred reflection models constrain the gravitational redshift from the stellar surface to be zNS ⩾ 0.16. The data are broadly compatible with the disk extending to the ISCO; in that case, zNS ⩾ 0.22 and RNS ⩽ 12.6 km (assuming MNS = 1.4 M☉ and a = 0, where a = cJ/GM2). If the star is as large or larger than its ISCO, or if the effective reflecting disk leaks across the ISCO to the surface, the redshift constraints become measurements. We discuss our results in the context of efforts to measure fundamental properties of neutron stars, and models for accretion onto compact objects.
Comparison of Quality of Metric Photos Relative Orientation in Micmac and PhotoScan

This article presents the results of the study of the aerial photography relative orientation based on the automatic matching according to the SIFT algorithm. The purpose of the study was to determine whether this matching method could replace older but well-proven methods used in classical photogrammetry. As a measure of quality, the standard deviation of y-parallax and the mean errors of orientation parameters were used. Automatic tie point detection was performed in Micmac and PhotoScan software. The study shows that after elimination of the worse tie points, in most cases, the mean y-parallax error is less than or close to 1/3 pixel, which is expected in classical photogrammetry. The study has shown that image pre-processing can produce both positive and negative effects on the quality of relative orientation.
Public health impact of osteoporosis.

OBJECTIVE To describe the public health impact of osteoporosis including the magnitude of the problem and important consequences of osteoporotic fractures. METHODS Literature review of key references selected by author. RESULTS Current demographic trends leading to an increased number of individuals surviving past age 65 will result in an increased number of osteoporotic fractures. Important consequences of osteoporotic fractures include an increased mortality that for hip fractures extends to 10 years after the fracture. Increased mortality risk also extends to major and minor fractures, especially, in those over 75 years. Hip and vertebral fractures have important functional consequences and reductions in quality of life. The economic impact of osteoporotic fractures is large and growing. Significant health care resources are required for all fractures. CONCLUSIONS To alleviate the public and private burden of osteoporosis related fractures, assessment of risk and reduction of individual risk is critical.
Mycobacterium bovis BCG disrupts the interaction of Rab7 with RILP contributing to inhibition of phagosome maturation

Phagosomes containing M. tuberculosis and M. bovis BCG interact normally with early endosomes but fail to fuse with late endosomes and lysosomes. Whereas many early events of mycobacterial phagosomes have been elucidated, the exact mechanism of the inhibition of fusion with lysosomes is still unclear. Several Rab GTPase proteins were shown to be involved in membrane fusion and vesicular transport. In particular, Rab7 associates with the phagosomal membrane and regulates the fusion between late endosomes and lysosomes. This function of Rab7 was shown to be mediated in epithelial cell models by the Rab7 effector RILP (Rab7‐interacting lysosomal protein). However, the relevance of Rab7‐RILP interaction to phagosome biogenesis in macrophage infected with mycobacteria is still unknown. In this study, cotransfection of RAW 264.7 cells with Rab7 and RILP revealed that Rab7‐RILP interaction occurs in macrophages ingesting latex beads. Thereafter, this cell system model was used to demonstrate that infection with live but not killed M. bovis BCG inhibited RILP recruitment despite Rab7 acquisition by the phagosome. Further investigation using immobilized RILP to pull down active Rab7 (GTP‐bound form) from macrophage lysates demonstrated that inactive Rab7 (GDP‐bound form) predominates in cells infected with live BCG. In addition, cell‐free system experiments demonstrated that BCG culture supernatant contains a factor that catalyzes the GTP/GDP switch on recombinant Rab7 molecules. Such a factor was shown to diffuse beyond BCG phagosomes and target other Rab7‐positive compartments. These findings suggest that live mycobacteria express within the macrophage a Rab7 deactivating factor leading to abortion of RILP‐mediated fusion with lysosomes.