Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth Rate in Three Gallinaceous Species Fed Diets Imbalanced in Calcium, Phosphorus, and Protein

Abstract Three gallinaceous species, the Ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), Red-legged partridge (Alectoris gracea), and chicken fryer (Gallus gallus domesticus) were fed diets containing either 15, 20, or 28% protein, 1 or 3% calcium, and . 3 or . 6% available phosphorus from hatch through 3 weeks of age. Chicks of all species grew poorly on diets containing 3% calcium and . 3% available phosphorus, especially at the higher levels of dietary protein (20 and 28%). When fed diets containing . 6% available phosphorus and 15% protein, pheasants and chickens had the same rate of growth from hatch through 3 weeks of age, irrespective of the level of dietary calcium. Feed conversion for groups of birds fed diets containing 1% calcium and . 6% available phosphorus at all levels of protein was superior to that from birds fed diets containing similar levels of phosphorus and protein but containing 3% calcium. The higher level of dietary calcium (3%) in rations low in available phosphorus (.3%) caused leg paralysis in many birds of all species after 2 weeks of experiment at the higher levels of protein (20 and 28%). The incidence of leg weakness and mortality, after 3 weeks of experiment, was highest in pheasants followed by chickens and partridge. Irrespective of dietary protein, bone ash values for birds fed diets low in available phosphorus (.3%) and calcium (1%) were significantly (P Diets high in calcium (3%) and low in available phosphorus (.3%) can cause poor growth, severe paralysis, and high mortality if mistakenly fed to chicks of gallinaceous birds, especially pheasants, and result in major economic losses.
APLICACIÓN MÓVIL DE REPORTE DE DESASTRES SOCIALES Y NATURALES

Abstract In recent years, the Mexican population connected to the internet has grown strongly, a growing part of this population is a Smartphone user, while social networks, each time have a greater informative value, as well as the interest of the population in the social security issues. In this article, we describe a system consisting of a server and a mobile application for users directed to the Android operating system, which through the use of technologies such as Google Maps, the AppEngine platform and social networks facilitate and maintain communication between a community of people interested in natural, environmental and social disasters, potentially dangerous for the population in general. This system is intended to detonate the development of more tools or services incorporating all the potential that new mobile technologies allow, in areas of high social impact. Keywords: Environmental Disasters, Social Networks, Mobile Applications, Client-Server.
Taxonomic revision of Guichenotia (Lasiopetaleae: Malvaceae s.l. or Sterculiaceae)

Taxonomic revision of the endemic Western Australian genus Guichenotia J.Gay identified 17 taxa, including seven previously recognised species and 10 new species, which are G. asteriskos C.F. Wilkins, G. astropletha C.F. Wilkins, G. basivirida C.F. Wilkins, G. glandulosa C.F. Wilkins, G. impudica C.F. Wilkins, G. intermedia C.F. Wilkins, G. quasicalva C.F. Wilkins, G. seorsiflora C.F. Wilkins, G. tuberculata C.F. Wilkins and G. anota C.F. Wilkins. Cladistic analysis of morphological characters showed Guichenotia to be biphyletic with Guichenotia s.s. , forming a clade that, although it has no bootstrap support, shares characters of 3–5 central prominent ribs on the outer surface of each calyx lobe, five carpels and petiolate bracts. G. apetala A.S. George and the closely related new species G. anota C.F. Wilkins ms form a strongly supported clade characterised by one central external rib on the outer surface of each calyx lobe, lobes with a rounded apex that are less than 40% of the total calyx length, leaves with prominent yellow venation on the adaxial surface, a tubular stigma with a rimmed pore where the apical 1/4 of the style is slightly wider than the base and no petals. These two clades are unresolved relative to Lasiopetalum by cladistic analysis of their morphology. Guichenotia s.s. is maintained as a genus, the species of which are revised here, pending clarification of its relationship to Lasiopetalum. The second clade will be described separately when the relationships of the Lasiopetalum–Guichenotia clade have been better resolved. A key is presented for all species of Guichenotia s.l. Descriptions, distribution maps, illustrations and anatomical findings are presented for Guichenotia s.s.
Comparative evaluation of soil toxicity using lettuce seeds and soil ciliates

The toxicity of elutriates from 25 putatively contaminated soils was evaluated using the standard seed (Lactuca sativa) germination test and a recently developed soil ciliate (Colpoda inflata) growth test. Correspondence in the identification of presence or absence of toxicity in the 25 soil elutriates between the two tests was 60% and concordance in ranking of toxicity between the two tests was significant (p < 0.05) using Spearman's rank correlation test (rs = 0.3831). Stepwise multiple regression analysis of toxicity results against soil elutriate chemistry indicated that pH explained the greatest amount of variation in response in both tests, despite high concentrations of several metals in the elutriates. For the germination test, a multiple regression model that included pH and cadmium explained 58.5% of response variation, whereas over 83% of response variation in the ciliate growth test could be explained by pH, copper, and cadmium. Differences in the response of the plant and protozoan models appeared to be due primarily to differences in their sensitivity to elutriate pH. In addition to better correspondence between elutriate chemistry and ciliate response compared to the seed germination test, lower response variability associated with the measure of ciliate growth compared with seed germination provided greater statistical sensitivity for detecting toxic effects.
Lectin-Induced Phagocytosis of Erythrocytes by Guinea Pig and Mouse Macrophages

Various lectins were examined for their ability to induce phagocytosis of sheep erythrocytes by peritoneal macrophages of the guinea pig and mouse. Phaseorous vulgaris lectin-L (PHA(L)) induced the phago-cytosis of erythrocytes by guinea pig macrophages and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) that of erythrocytes by mouse macrophages. Concanavalin A (Con A) induced little ingestion by either macrophage, although it induced much attachment of the erythrocytes to both. The PHA(L)-induced phagocytosis of erythrocytes by guinea pig macrophages was inhibited specifically by N-acetyl-D-galactosamine. PHA(L) linked the guinea pig macrophages and sheep erythrocytes. Con A did not suppress the PHA(L)-induced phagocytosis of erythrocytes by guinea pig macrophages. These results suggest that the attach-ment of erythrocytes to macrophages is not sufficient for phagocytosis and that certain sites on the surface of the macrophages must be stimulated for phago-cytosis to occur. Soluble antigen-antibody complexes, which block the Fc receptors of macrophage and other cell types, inhibited both the antibody-induced and the PHA(L)-induced ingestion of erythrocytes by guinea pig macrophages. A prior incubation of guinea pig macrophages with high con-centrations of PHA(L) suppressed the ingestion of erythrocytes which was induced by PHA(L), but not that induced by antibody. This is evidence that some relation exists between the Fc receptors and the PHA(L) binding site that is responsible for the induction of phagocytosis.
Stable isotopes analysis to assess the trophic role of ants in a Mediterranean agroecosystem

1 Stable isotopes signatures (δ13C and δ15N) of the most important tree‐dwelling ants in an olive orchard were examined, together with the signatures of the most common herbivores, predators and sap‐sucking insects. The olive orchard consists of separate subunits (trees) surrounded by a matrix of grasses or bare ground, and the role of ants in such a system is not fully understood.
Morphology and Distribution of Antennal and Antennular Setae in Lysmata Shrimp

ABSTRACT In decapod crustaceans, chemical cues are usually detected by antennal and antennular setae. Different types of setae have been identified in various decapod species. In Lysmata shrimp, aesthetascs have been identified to be responsible for distance sex pheromone detection, whereas some other nonaesthetasc setae can detect contact sex pheromones. In this study, the morphology of antennal and antennular setae in six species of Lysmata shrimp was examined using scanning electron microscopy. The number of nonaesthetasc setae was counted and compared among the species with different social environments. Four types of antennal and antennular setae were identified, and their morphology was similar in all the Lysmata species studied. No sexual dimorphism was found in the morphology of setae. The total number of nonaesthetasc setae increased with shrimp size, whereas the density of nonaesthetasc setae did not change with growth. In general, the number and density of nonaesthetasc setae was greater in pair-living cleaner shrimp than in group-living and low-density peppermint shrimp, indicating that contact sex pheromones may be more important in pair-living species. Among peppermint shrimp, there were no significant differences in the number and density of nonaesthetasc setae between group-living species and low-density species, which suggests that social environments may not be the only factor that is related to the higher setae number and density in pair-living species.
Fragment screening against the thiamine pyrophosphate riboswitchthiM

Riboswitches are regions of mRNA that bind selectively certain metabolites, thereby regulating gene expression. We have developed a method, which uses a combination of biophysical techniques (equilibrium dialysis, waterLOGSY and T2 relaxation-edited NMR spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry) that allows screening and identification of novel ligands for riboswitches. By this method a library of 1300 fragments was screened on the E. colithiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) riboswitchthiM, resulting in the identification of 17 hits. The compounds showed KD values from 22 to 670 μM, with four compounds having KD values <100 μM. The fragments are structurally diverse and their ligand efficiency indicates good prospects for structure-guided elaboration. In addition, a riboswitch functional assay based on in vitrotranscription translation (IVTT) of the reporter gene luciferase was developed. This assay system is an alternative to in vivo assays and constitutes a valuable tool to determine the effect of small molecules on riboswitch-regulated gene expression.
VEGF‐TRAPR1R2 suppresses choroidal neovascularization and VEGF‐induced breakdown of the blood–retinal barrier

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a central role in the development of retinal neovascularization and diabetic macular edema. There is also evidence suggesting that VEGF is an important stimulator for choroidal neovascularization. In this study, we investigated the effect of a specific inhibitor of VEGF, VEGF‐TRAPR1R2, in models for these disease processes. VEGF‐TRAPR1R2 is a fusion protein, which combines ligand binding elements taken from the extracellular domains of VEGF receptors 1 and 2 fused to the Fc portion of IgG1. Subcutaneous injections or a single intravitreous injection of VEGF‐TRAPR1R2 strongly suppressed choroidal neovascularization in mice with laser‐induced rupture of Bruch's membrane. Subcutaneous injection of VEGF‐TRAPR1R2 also significantly inhibited subretinal neovascularization in transgenic mice that express VEGF in photoreceptors. In two models of VEGF‐induced breakdown of the blood–retinal barrier (BRB), one in which recombinant VEGF is injected into the vitreous cavity and one in which VEGF expression is induced in the retina in transgenic mice, VEGF‐TRAPR1R2 significantly reduced breakdown of the BRB. These data confirm that VEGF is a critical stimulus for the development of choroidal neovascularization and indicate that VEGF‐TRAPR1R2 may provide a new agent for consideration for treatment of patients with choroidal neovascularization and diabetic macular edema. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Regression Analysis through Matlab of the Electrical Parameters in a Hydropower Plant

This paper presents the nonlinear regression analysis between the transformer's measurable parameters (temperature of oil and winding) and the electrical parameters (hydropower plant's aggregate). There is not a specific mathematical function that connects the winding and oil temperature with the generator voltage, generator current, active power, reactive power, etc. Therefore to find the connection between them, statistical methods are needed. So, the work in this article consists in putting as a position variable of the electrical parameters of an aggregate in a hydropower plant against the parameters such as transformer's winding and oil temperature. Through Matlab, these data are analyzed through the sixth order nonlinear polynomial regression giving the determination coefficients. he reason for the use of the nonlinear regression of this order is related to the fact that the use of nonlinear regression of higher orders does not represent more accurate apparent than nonlinear regression of higher orders. On the other side the regressions with lower orders has not been used because their accuracy is significantly lower than the order of regression in question.
A SEX DETERMINING MECHANISM IN THE CLOSTERIUM EHRENBERGII (CHLOROPHYTA) SPECIES COMPLEX 1

Homozygous mt−/mt− diploid clones of the Closterium ehrenbergii Menegh. ex Ralfs species complex were obtained by hypertonic treatment from minus vegetative cells, and mating type segregation ratios in the F1 progeny of “triploid” zygospores between wild type mt+ haploid and mt−/mt− homozygous diploui were analyzed. The ratio of plus to minus individuals was 1:4.8, and the ratio of the pairs of opposite mating types to those of minus mating type was 1:2.1. The results clearly show that mt− is dominant to mt+ and that the mating type inheritance in these zygospores follows the triploid‐like pattern. The validity of our assumption that the two mating types are determined by one genetic factor (mt− allele dominant) was confirmed in B1 progeny analyses as well. The results suggest that this sex determining mechanism is working effectively in the C. ehrenbergii species complex, in which several biological species have evolved through polyploidization.
Effets bénéfiques de rhizobactéries sur les plantes : exemple des Pseudomonas spp fluorescents

Parmi les rhizobacteries non symbiotiques, les Pseudomonas spp fluorescents font l'objet d'une attention particuliere. L'inoculation des plantes a l'aide de certaines souches de Pseudomonas spp s'accompagne en effet d'une augmentation significative du rendement de la culture. Celle-ci resulte de la stimulation de la croissance des plantes et de leur protection contre des microrganismes pathogenes. Deux types de mecanismes sont responsables de ces effets benefiques. L'un concerne la modification des equilibres microbiens au niveau de la rhizosphere, l'autre la modification du metabolisme et de la physiologie de la plante (.)
What does the future hold for viral gene therapy

Richard E Sutton Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Cell & Gene Therapy, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA Tel. : +1 713 798 4096; Fax: +1 713 798 3586; rsutton@bcm.tmc. edu ‘The door is slowly swinging shut on viral gene therapy, and if substantial progress is not made within the next 5–10 years, it may be closed forever. ’
Response of Cotton to Varying COz, Irrigation, and Nitrogen: Yield and Growth

The CO 2 concentration of the atmosphere is increasing and is expected to double sometime near the middle of the next century. To determine the effects of such a CO 2 increase on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) growth and productivity, a series of experiments from 1983 through 1987 were conducted with open-top CO 2 -enriched field chambers at ample as well as limiting levels of water and N at Phoenix, AZ. Comparisons with open-field plots showed that there was a significant chamber effect, amounting to a 30% average increase in growth inside, but under dry conditions in 1985, the situation was reversed. No significant effects of CO 2 on harvest index, root-shoot ratio, or lint percentage were found, so the primary effect of elevated CO 2 was to produce plants that were larger [. ]
Biosynthesis of phenolic acids in tomato plants infected with Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Tomato plants 21 days old were inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens, the causative organism of crown gall, and 72 h later [3-14C]cinnamic or [carboxyl-14C]benzoic acid was administered by wick-feeding to these and to uninfected control plants. After a further 48 h both groups were examined for incorporation of label into phenolic acids. The pattern of incorporation into bound phenolic acids of the controls was in accord with biosynthetic pathways previously demonstrated in normal plants, but qualitative and quantitative divergence from this pattern was observed in the bound phenolic acids of the infected plants. The data suggest interference by the pathogen with β-oxidation of at least two phenylpropanoid acids of the lignification pathway. In infected plants, lowered incorporation of 14C from cinnamic acid into phenylpropanoid acids of the lignification pathway and their β-oxidation products was accompanied by the appearance of labelled o-coumaric acid, consistent with some diversion of cinnamic aci.
Bottlenecks and Dispersal in the Tuco-Tuco das Dunas, Ctenomys flamarioni (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae), in Southern Brazil

Abstract The tuco-tuco das dunas (Ctenomys flamarioni) is a subterranean rodent endemic to sand-dune ecosystems along the southern coast of Brazil. We studied 3 populations that differed in the degree of human impact, and used direct and indirect methods to assess demographic and genetic information. Field studies revealed a tendency toward a female-biased sex ratio, and sexual dimorphism in both weight and length in all 3 populations. This evidence supports a hypothesis of polygyny in C. flamarioni. Using 9 microsatellite loci, we explored patterns of variation and genetic structure among the populations. Our findings suggested that the Xangri-lá and Remanso populations, living in more-disturbed locations, could have experienced demographic reductions in population size, but not the Pinhal population. However, other factors such as a polygynous breeding system and the environmental instability that characterizes the coastal dunes may have influenced the observed pattern. Analysis of genetic structure revealed strong differentiation among populations, but no significant structure at the intrapopulation level. Nonsignificant values for the tested indices from assignment tests (FST, FIS, mAIc, and vAIc) over population showed no evidence of sex-biased dispersal. The same was observed from analyses of molecular variance. Nevertheless, lower pairwise FST and higher Nm values between males from Xangri-lá and Remanso indicated greater gene flow among males, suggesting a slightly male-biased dispersal pattern. Significant differences in interpopulation dispersal patterns were clearer among females, with greater dispersal for females from Pinhal than those at Remanso and Xangri-lá.
Recombinant Bovine Growth Hormone Stimulates Nuclear Maturation of Bovine Oocytes in Vitro and Promotes Subsequent Embryonic Development

The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of recombinant bovine growth hormone (rbGH) on nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of bovine oocytes in vitro and subsequent embryonic development after in vitro fertilization. When cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) and cumulus-free oocytes were cultured in modified Medium 199 supplemented with 0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 or 1000 ng/ml rbGH for 24 h, no cumulus expansion was observed in most COCs in the presence of any of the tested concentrations of rbGH. The efficacy of nuclear maturation of oocytes to metaphase II was promoted by rbGH only in COCs showing higher proportions at 10-1000 ng/ml (77-78%) than at 0-1 ng/ml (57-64%). When COCs were cultured in the presence or absence of 10 ng/ml rbGH for 0-9 h, the proportions of oocytes that reached prometaphase I and metaphase I after 6 and 9 h of culture, respectively, were higher in the presence (53% and 51%, respectively) than in the absence (34% and 30%, respectively) of rbGH. After in vitro maturation and fertilization, no differences were observed in the penetration rate (82-91%), pronuclear formation (27-45%) and polyspermy (23-29%) at 8 h post-insemination among cumulus-enclosed oocytes cultured in the presence of different concentrations (0-1000 ng/ml) of rbGH. When starting 8 h after insemination, the oocytes were cultured for 136 h in a chemically defined medium, 21-25% of oocytes developed to the morula stage or beyond without difference among different concentrations of rbGH during oocyte maturation. However, at 192 h post-insemination higher proportions of oocytes developed to the blastocyst stage when COCs were matured in the presence (13-15%) than in the absence (6%) of 10-1000 ng/ml rbGH. These results indicate that a stimulatory effect of rbGH on bovine oocyte maturation is dependent on the cumulus cells. Presence of rbGH in the media improved maturation rate and subsequent embryonic development to the blastocyst stage.
Effect of feed on flavor in dairy foods.

Abstract Cattle diets that are low in lipids produce a hard milk fat high in the cheesy-flavored endogenous fatty acids and the precursors of the blue-cheese-flavored methyl ketones and of the coconut-peachy-flavored δ-lactones. The reverse is true for high lipid diets. Diets that induce a propionate metabolism in the rumen cause the formation of the sweet, raspberry - flavored γ - dodecanolactone from dietary oleic acid and of the sweet, raspberry-flavored γ-dodec- cis -6-enolactone from dietary linoleic acid. Lush pastures produce a richly colored milk fat and introduce phytol, dihydrophytol, phytenes, and phytadienes, and probably their lower homologues, into the milk fat. A protein-free synthetic diet lowers the animal-flavored indole and skatole, eliminates 2-enals (C 3 to C 12 ), and increases branched-chain and odd carbon-numbered δ-lactones and branched-chain and odd carbon-numbered fatty acids in the milk fat. Milk from pasture-fed cows is less susceptible to oxidation than milk pro-cows on dry feed. Most cows will produce spontaneously lipolyzing milk if their plane of nutrition is sufficiently low; milk from well-fed herds is seldom susceptible to spontaneous lipolysis. Poor quality silage and various weeds produce off-flavors in the milk due to direct transfer of off-flavors, to the breakdown products of weed components, or to the effect of components of the weeds on the biochemistry of the cow.
Temporal density dependence and population regulation in a marine fish

Population regulation requires between-generation temporal density dependence, which has proved difficult to document unequivocally in nature, especially in marine fishes. Field experiments and observations in the Bahamas demonstrated that such population regulation occurs in the coral-reef fish Gramma loreto. I performed manipulative field experiments that identified mortality as the primary source of demographic density dependence among local populations. The causative mechanism involved a response in the behavior of predators, which both aggregated and spent more time hunting where prey fish densities were high. Spatially density-dependent mortality (i.e., density dependence among populations) led to between-generation temporal density dependence (i.e., density dependence within populations over time) indicative of population regulation. Over three years—roughly two generations—local populations followed regular annual cycles of abundance that stemmed from seasonal patterns of recruitment. Despite cons.