Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Warning signals, receiver psychology and predator memory

This review identifies four receiver psychology perspectives that are likely to be important in the design and evolution of warning signals. Three of these perspectives (phobia, learning and prey recognition) have been studied in detail, and I include a brief review of recent work. The fourth, a memory perspective, has received little attention and is developed here. A memory perspective asks, 'how might warning signals function to reduce forgetting of avoidances between encounters? '. To answer this question I review data from psychology literature that describe important features of animal long-term memory. These data suggest that components of warning signals may function to reduce forgetting (and therefore increase memorability) by (1) preventing forgetting of learnt prey discriminations; (2) jogging the memories of forgetful predators; and (3) biasing forgetting in favour of prey avoidance when the warning signal of a defended aposematic species is copied by an edible Batesian mimic. A combination of a learning and a memory perspective suggests that the features of aposematic prey that accelerate avoidance learning may also be the features that decelerate forgetting processes. If correct, this would have important implications for the comprehension of signal design. Finally, I suggest that the cryptic appearance of an edible prey may decelerate predator learning and accelerate predator forgetting, to the benefit of the prey. In terms of learning and memory, crypsis may be an antisignal. Copyright 2000 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
Exploiting Real-Time EEG Analysis for Assessing Flow in Games

Ability of adapting to different users is considered key to maximize the impact and effectiveness of Serious Games (SGs). Advances in neurosciences are making it possible to continuously monitor the player status. This paper reports the research work on the monitoring of the player flow status with a simple (4 electrode) commercial electroencephalogram (EEG). In particular, we focus on three consequential research questions: is it possible to statistically distinguish a flow from a boredom condition? For which wavelengths? Can different levels of boredom and flow be identified? Results - even if limited because of the small size of the test, are promising and enable further research. Statistically significant differences could be observed for brainwaves under various conditions. A machine learning classifier (SVM) was successful in the 2-level distinction case, in particular with personalized training.
Creating Partnerships for HIV Prevention Among YMSM: The Connect to Protect Project and House and Ball Community in Philadelphia

Community participation in prevention research has emerged as an important resource for identifying and addressing HIV risk factors and populations that may be more susceptible to these risks. This article focuses on the coalition at the Philadelphia site of Connect to Protect®: Partnerships for Youth Prevention Interventions (C2P), and the partnerships developed to work with an understudied subgroup of young men who have sex with men (YMSM), the House and Ball Community (HBC). The authors describe the coalition's process of identifying HIV risk factors, developing objectives and prevention activities such as increased access to HIV counseling and testing, and building partnerships with the HBC community. Local HIV testing data from C2P affiliated events, additional outcomes, and future directions for the coalition to continue these efforts are presented.
Profile of patients with rheumatic diseases undergoing treatment with anti-TNF agents in the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS), Belo Horizonte - MG

The aim of this study was to describe the baseline demographic and clinical characteristics as well as the functional status of a prospective cohort of patients with rheumatic diseases assisted by the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS). Data for 302 patients receiving tumor necrosis factor α inhibitors (anti-TNF agents) was collected through a standard form. Among patients, 229 (75.8%) were female and 155 (51.3%) were Caucasian; the mean age was 50.3 ± 12.8 years, and the mean disease duration was 9.9 ± 8.7 years. Among them 214 patients (70.9%) received adalimumab, 72 (23.8%) etanercept, and 16 (5.3%) infliximab. Mean Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) was 1.37 ± 0.67 for all participants. Poor functional response was associated with female gender, married patients and with a score of < 0.6 on the EuroQoL-5 dimensions (EQ-5D). Significant correlation was found between the HAQ-DI values, disease activity and quality of life (QOL). The results obtained in this study contribute to a better understanding of the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with rheumatic diseases at the beginning of anti-TNF-agent treatment by SUS. Furthermore, our findings are consistent with another Brazilian and foreign cross-sectional investigations. This knowledge can be of great importance for further studies evaluating the effectiveness of biological agents, as well as, to contribute to improve the well-being of the patients with rheumatic diseases.
Paced QT Dispersion and QT Morphology After Radiofrequency Atrioventricular Junction Ablation:

RAJ, S.R. , et al.: Paced QT Dispersion and QT Morphology After Radiofrequency Atrioventricular Junction Ablation: Impact of Left Ventricular Function. Catheter ablation of the atrioventricular junction (AVJ) is a widely accepted treatment for drug refractory atrial fibrillation. Unfortunately, there have been some reports of pause dependent ventricular arrhythmias associated with QT interval prolongation, mainly in patients with reduced LV function. The present investigation evaluates the association of LV function with QT dispersion in response to a sudden rate drop. ECGs were recorded on 20 patients (13 with normal LV function) on the day following AVJ ablation while paced at a range of ventricular rates (40–120 beats/min), and during a sudden drop from 80 to 40 beats/min. The maximum QT interval (QTmax), minimum QT interval (QTmin), and QT interval dispersion (QTdisp) were compared. In both groups, the QTmax and QTmin increased at slower paced heart rates while the QTdisp did not change. In response to a sudden rate drop from 80 to 40 beats/min, the QTmax increased in both groups of LV function (trend), while the QTmin increased in those with normal LV function (24 ± 22 ms) , but not in those with reduced LV function(0 ± 14 ms; P = 0.01). Consequently, the QTdisp increased significantly in those with reduced LV function(31 ± 23 ms)but not in normal LV function(−5 ± 29 ms; P = 0.01). Morphological QTU changes developed following the sudden rate drop in 67% of the reduced LV versus 8% of the normalLV (P = 0.02)function groups. Following AVJ ablation, QTdisp increased during a sudden rate drop in patients with reduced LV function, but not in patients with normal LV function. (PACE 2003; 26:662‐–668)
Toxicity of Aqueous Extract of Desert Date (Balanites Aegyptiaca Linnaeus) On the Juveniles of Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus Teugels, 1986).

Abstract: An investigation was conducted on the toxic effects of the fruit extract of (Balanites aegyptiaca L.) on the mortality and behaviour of juveniles of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). In the acute lethal toxicity study, the fish were exposed to different concentration levels of 64.0, 32.0, 16.0, 08.0, 04.0 and 0.00gL -1 (control) of the fruit extract. A positive correlation (r=0.9811) was observed between fish mortality and the various concentrations used. Prior to death of fish, some behavioural activities observed were erratic swimming on the water surface, loss of reflex and hyperventilation. Haemoglobin estimation and packed cell volume (PCV) values were significant (P< 0.05) for acute lethal toxic dose. The 96h-LC50 value of the fruit extract was obtained as 12.59gL -1 , with lower and upper confidence limits of 7.87gL -1 and 20.14gL -1 respectively. Phytochemical analysis showed that the fruit contained saponins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, tannins and carbohydrates. In conclusion, solution of the fruit extract caused fish mortality, and its toxic effects lowered the values of some haematological parameters compared to the control group.
[Infectious status of infection sources in the epidemic regions of Schistosomiasis japonica in China].

OBJECTIVE To understand the infectious status of infection sources in some epidemic regions of Schistosomiasis japonica, and provide a scientific basis for further controlling infection sources in a comprehensive way. METHODS Longshang village which lies in the area of hills and mountains and Yuye village which lies in the area of lakes and marshlands were chosen for field investigation. The study was targeted at snails and 1512 residents, while 197 samples of livestock were randomized (80 cattle, 46 pigs, 45 dogs, 18 cats, 8 sheep) and 32 wild animals (field rats) were screened in Anhui province between October to November in 2007. The infection rate and intensity of infection were calculated after pathogenic examination on the populations, livestock and wild animals (field rats). RESULTS (1) The infection rate of snails in Longshang and Yuye village were 2.26%, 1.06% in 2007, and 0.55%, 0.72% in 2006 respectively. (2) Of the infection rate and geometric mean of egg per gram (EPG) of population, 3.8% and 0.14 (EPG) were in Longshang village and 3.4% and 0.13 (EPG) were in Yuye village. The positive rate of blood examination of the different sex in Longshang village was 17.5% (44/252) of the males, higher than that of the females 11.0% (25/227) (chi(2) = 4.026, P = 0.045), whereas, in Yuye village was 21.4% (66/309) of males and 19.4% (25/129) for the females, without significant differences (chi(2) = 0.217, P > 0.05). The positive rate of fecal examination of the different sex in Longshang village was 5.2% (14/268) of the men and 2.1% (5/236) of the women showing no statistical significance (chi(2) = 3.336, P > 0.05); whereas, in Yuye village was 5.7% (14/245) of the men and 1.2% (3/250) of the women (chi(2) = 7.603, P = 0.006). (3) The infection rate and the arithmetic mean of EPG of the cattle, 10.8% (8/74) and 135.00 (EPG) were in Longshang village, meanwhile, the infection rate of the bull was 9.1% (6/66) and 25.0% (2/8) for cow without statistical significance (chi(2) = 0.586, P = 0.444), whereas, the total number of cattle was 6 that had been examined and there was no positive case in Yuye village. Of 8 sheep examined in Yuye village, 6 was positive, with arithmetic mean of 254.82 (EPG), while there was no sheep in Longshang village. (4) Of the positive rate of the incubation for dog's feces and intensity of infection, 55.6% (24/36) and 20.00 (EPG) were in Yuye village whereas 23.81% (5/21) and 1.21 (EPG) were in Longshang village. (5) Of the infection rate of the field rats, 13.64% (3/22) in Longshang village whereas a total number of mouse was 10 that had been examined and there was no positive case in Yuye village. CONCLUSION The farm cattle should be still the chief sources of infection in the regions of lakes and marshlands for schistosomiasis. Whereas, with the implementing in-depth of the strategy on controlling source of infection in a integrated way, high priorities should be given to the epidemiological factors of the animals such as sheep, dogs, field mouse and so on which are spreading schistosomiasis.
The relationship between adult attachment style and therapeutic alliance in individual psychotherapy: a meta-analytic review.

The present study examined the relationship between adult attachment style and therapeutic alliance in individual psychotherapy. Search procedures yielded 17 independent samples (total N = 886, average n = 52, standard deviation = 24) for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Results indicated that greater attachment security was associated with stronger therapeutic alliances, whereas greater attachment insecurity was associated with weaker therapeutic alliances, with an overall weighted effect size of r = . 17, p < . 001 (95% confidence interval = .10-.23). Publication bias analyses did not indicate any cause for concern regarding the results. The data were not demonstrably heterogeneous (Q = 6.10, df = 16, p = .99), and all between-study moderator analyses were nonsignificant (p values > .10) with the exception of the source of alliance ratings; results indicated that patient-rated alliance demonstrated a significantly larger relationship with attachment compared with therapist-rated alliance (Qbetween = 3.95, df = 1, p = .047). Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved).
Hypophyseal changes induced by thyroid deficiency and thyroxine administration as revealed by immunochemical staining.

The influence of thyroid deficiency and thyroxine administration on pituitary cell types was studied in the rat with the peroxidaselabeled antibody technique. Observations were made on TSH, growth hormone, prolactin, corticotropic and presumptive LH cells with special emphasis being placed on the nature of the thyroidectomy cell. The observations were compatible with the hypothesis that the thyroidectomy cell arises from the TSH cell, although derivation from other cell types was not ruled out. Thyroidectomy and castration cells appeared to be distinctive cell entities. As a result of thyroparathyroidectomy plus 131I-irradiation or treatment with propylthiouracil: most TSH cells lost their stainability except for the Golgi area and a few cytoplasmic granules; growth hormone cells could no longer be detected; prolactin and presumptive LH cells were reduced in size; and corticotropic cells seemed unaffected. TSH cells could no longer be identified following administration of thyroxine while growth hormone, .
Heat transfer correlations for free convection from upward-facing horizontal rectangular surfaces

A critical review of the heat transfer data available in the literature for free convection from upwardfacing heated rectangular plates is conducted. The review is organized in the form of a table, so as to give the reader the opportunity to compare the dimensionless correlating equations presented, and the conditions under which the heat transfer data were obtained. A comparative survey of the results that may be derived at different Rayleigh numbers from these correlations is also reported. It is shown that the discrepancy among the results, which on the whole may also amount to ±50%, decreases significantly when the data are grouped according to the working fluid and the plate geometry. The following four mean heat transfer correlating equations are porposed: Nu = 1.05Ra for square plates in air, Nu = 0.9Ra for rectangular plates in air, Nu = 0.96Ra for two-dimensional infinite strips in air, and Nu = 0.175Ra for rectangular plates in water. Key-Words: Free convection; Upward-facing horizontal plates; Heat transfer correlations; Comparative survey.
Enhancement of Ru–Si–O/In–Ga–Zn–O MESFET Performance by Reducing Depletion Region Trap Density

In this letter, we investigated the effect of magnetron cathode current (I<sub>c</sub>) during reactive sputtering of In-Ga-Zn-O (a-IGZO) channel layer on properties of metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors with Ru-Si-O Schottky gate electrode. One can observe that as I<sub>c</sub> increased from 90 to 150 mA channel mobility (μ<sub>ch</sub>) and subthreshold swing (S) improved from μch = 7.5 cm<sup>2</sup>/V·s and S = 580 V/dec to μch = 8.8 cm<sup>2</sup>/V ·s and S = 420 V/dec, respectively. This enhancement in transistors performance was attributed to the reduction of charge density in the depletion region of Ru-Si-O/In-Ga-Zn-O Schottky contacts, which we assigned to the densification of a-IGZO films fabricated at higher I<sub>c</sub>.
Agent systems and applications

or manufacturing. Unfortunately, this expansion carries with it many associated problems. Security and privacy issues quickly come to mind, but information overflow, connectivity, reliability, and performance also require consideration. The word agent’s origin is deeply rooted: drawing from the Greek agein, which means to drive or lead; from medieval Latin agere, with a similar meaning; and from Old Norse, aka, which implies travel in a vehicle. Merriam Webster defines agent as
Current therapeutic vaccination and immunotherapy strategies for HPV-related diseases

ABSTRACT Carcinomas of the anogenital tract, in particular cervical cancer, remains one of the most common cancers in women, and represent the most frequent gynecological malignancies and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced lesions are immunologically distinct in that they express viral antigens, which are necessary to maintain the cancerous phenotype. The causal relationship between HPV infection and anogenital cancer has prompted substantial interest in the development of therapeutic vaccines against high-risk HPV types targeting the viral oncoproteins E6 and E7. This review will focus on the most recent clinical trials for immunotherapies for mucosal HPV-induced lesions as well as emerging therapeutic strategies that have been tested in pre-clinical models for HPV-induced diseases. Progress in peptide- and protein-based vaccines, DNA-based vaccines, viral/bacterial vector-based vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibition, immune response modifiers, and adoptive cell therapy for HPV will be discussed.
New method for the discrimination of single-source events in heavy-ion collisions

This paper introduces a new method for the selection of central singlesource events, based on classical multivariate techniques. The resulting discriminating variable is shown to be valid for different hypotheses on the nuclear source deexcitation mechanism. It enables the selection of events which are representative of the whole set of single-source events. Application to the Ni+Ni at 32A MeV system measured with the indra multidetector has allowed the determination of the fusion probability as a function of the impact parameter and the evaluation of the corresponding cross-section.
The Neuromuscular Maturation of the Human Infant

The problem considered here-that of the relationship between anatomical structures of the nervous system and animal behavior-is one of the most important in the field of child development. The studies of the behavior development of the growing infant were undertaken "in order to provide schedules of developmental changes in overt behavior against which structural changes as determined by histological analysis could be appraised. " The correlations are not here established. However, these studies represent a basic attack on the problem and are presented in the frame of the theoretical assumption that early infant behavior patterns are chiefly reflex, mediated by the suWbcortical nuclei; that these give way to a period of diminution of activity and disorganization of the reflex patterns as the cortex matures; and that as cortical maturation proceeds further there is a subsequent development of the deliberate and voluntary aspects of behavior. Outstanding stages observed in the development of such neuromotor activities as swimming, rolling, creeping, sitting, and erect locomotion are descnibed. There is a consistency in the treatment of each postural activity which helps to yield a clear picture of total development. The chief weakness of the book lies in the fact that an accurate, dynamic picture of the actual development in any given behavior is frequently sacrificed in the attempt to objectify and schematize the material. The descriptions of developing behavior patterns, although not inaccurate, are not always adequate. Specific age designations would have been useful in orienting the reader. An excellent final chapter discusses maturation and learning in relation to educational theory and practice, with special emphasis on the importance of waiting for neural readiness of the organism before instituting training, and of giving due recognition to the periods of regression or loss of achievement which occur normally as part of the process of growth. -LOUISE BATES AMES.
Diagnostic reference levels for X-ray examinations in Slovenia

Background. Medical applications of ionizing radiation are by far the largest man-made source of radiation exposure for the population in most developed countries. A good practice in diagnostic radiology should produce an image containing all necessary information needed for accurate diagnosis and should result in the minimum dose to the patient. After introduction of diagnostic reference level by International Commission on Radiological Protection in 1996 the process of patient exposure optimization has been enhanced. Methods. Local performance in patient exposure for particular type of X-ray examination in radiological department can be assessed by comparison of mean patient dose to the diagnostic reference level derived from relevant regional or national data. Results. Results of extensive five-year national patient dose survey in Slovenia are reviewed. The proposed Slovenian diagnostic reference levels for fifteen different X-ray examinations are presented, commented and compared with international and national levels of other countries. Conclusions. The introduction of national diagnostic reference levels will increase the awareness of patient doses in Slovenia. Their proper use should promote good radiological practice by reducing doses where current practice is not optimised.
Quantitative changes in cytoskeletal and nuclear actins during cellular transformation

Actin, a highly conserved protein comprising cell stress fibers and other cellular structures, is found in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of cells and responds to both epigenetic signals and altered gene expression occurring during tumorigenesis. We have previously shown that changes in the cytoplasmic F‐ and G‐actin ratios reflect bladder cancer risk. To determine whether nuclear actin is also altered and how nuclear and cytoplasmic actin alterations are interrelated in transformation, an in vitro model of carcinogen‐induced transformation consisting of 2 human uroepithelial cell lines immortalized by infection with SV‐40 was studied. One line, HUC‐PC, is tumorigenic in nude mice after incubation with the carcinogen 4‐ABP, the other, HUC‐BC, is not. Cytoplasmic and nuclear F‐ and G‐actin were determined by QFIA on individual cells using fluorochrome‐labeled phallicidin and DNase, I, respectively. Before exposure to 4‐ABP, the PC cells had lower cytoplasmic F‐actin content, higher cytoplasmic G‐actin content, but similar levels of nuclear G‐ and F‐actin in comparison to the BC cells. After incubation with 4‐ABP, F‐actin decreased and G‐actin increased in both cytoplasm and nuclei of PC cells and cytoplasmic F‐actin fibers were lost, but only cytoplasmic actin was altered in the BC cells. Northern blot analysis showed the expression of the β‐actin gene was only approximately 20% lower in 4‐ABP‐treated PC cells than in untreated controls, indicating the cellular change in actin was attributed to a shift between F‐and G‐actin proteins rather than to net actin synthesis. Int. J. Cancer, 70:423–429, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.