Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A solution to reduce overheating and increase wind turbine systems availability

The ever-increasing demand for electrical power and the tremendous growth of renewable energy sources in the past decade has led designers to design wind turbine system components for optimal performance. Cost optimization, weight reduction, higher performances, and lower non-conformance cost are a few expectations that components are expected to meet in the present market condition. Wind turbine system unavailability impacts the annual energy production of the wind turbine. Overheating of the wind turbine system components is one of the main challenges to overcome. For the heating analysis, we discuss the wind turbine generator as a specific example in this article. This approach is equally valid for other components of wind turbine systems, with heat exchanger. Windings and bearings are the two main components susceptible to failure in the generator for wind turbine applications. The root cause may vary from case to case, but overheating accelerates the generator’s windings and bearing failure and in many cases is the prime reason behind. Running the components at higher load points is one of the reasons for components to overheat. The article presents a solution to improve the performance of the wind turbine system and at the same time making it a commercially attractive choice. This can be achieved by reducing generator windings and bearings operating temperature, and also reducing its cost and weight at the same time. The proposed solution to reduce overheating is achieved and verified through results. The achieved results also explain how one solution is advantageous over the other.
Entrepreneurship Training for Mitigating Unemployment in Nigeria: How have the Tertiary Institutions Fared?

The increasing unemployment in Nigeria is one of the social problems contributing to abject poverty, crime and other civil vices plaguing the country today. Although the public and private sectors have made some efforts in addressing the problem, available current statistics show that both sectors lack the capacity to solely employ the entire manpower base of the country. Considering the potential of entrepreneurial training for reducing unemployment, the Nigerian government through the National Universities Commission (NUC) introduced entrepreneurial education as a compulsory course in various higher institutions. In this study, we aimed to ascertain the extent to which these institutions have implemented entrepreneurial education for mitigating unemployment in Nigeria, using the University of Calabar as a case study. A combination of structured questionnaires, titled students’ Opinion Questionnaire and review of extant literatures and theoretical framework, was used for the study. The resulting data showed that the tertiary institutions have not significantly contributed to mitigating unemployment through entrepreneurial education, judging from the low students’ acquisition of entrepreneurial skills, their limited exposure to business opportunities and difficulty in sourcing funds to ensure utilization of any acquired skills after graduation.
Linking Space Observations with Ground Surveys to Better Understand Wisconsin’s Conservation Agricultural Landscape

Cover cropping and no-till or minimum tillage are conservation farming techniques that have numerous benefits for the environment but are not always adopted by farmers because of risks of reduced yield and/or reduced profits. Precise and accurate methods of tracking conservation farming would improve the ability of researchers to maximize benefits and minimize risks. In this paper, satellite data is processed using an expert classification intended to identify cover crops in Wisconsin from the years 2009/2010 to 2018/2019. The results of a survey about farmers’ experiences with conservation farming practices is also summarized. The locations of cover cropped farms, identified in the survey, are used to assess the accuracy of the 2018/2019 map produced using the expert classification. The map was found to have an accuracy of only 51%. The survey results found that cover crops and no-till or minimum tillage did not tend to negatively affect yields or profits.
Inhibition of NF-κB Activity in T and NK Cells Results in Defective Effector Cell Expansion and Production of IFN-γ Required for Resistance to Toxoplasma gondii1

To define the role of NF-κB in the development of T cell responses required for resistance to Toxoplasma gondii, mice in which T cells are transgenic for a degradation-resistant (ΔN) form of IκBα, an inhibitor of NF-κB, were challenged with T. gondii and their response to infection compared with control mice. IκBα(ΔN)-transgenic (Tg) mice succumbed to T. gondii infection between days 12 and 35, and death was associated with an increased parasite burden compared with wild-type (Wt) controls. Analysis of the responses of infected mice revealed that IL-12 responses were comparable between strains, but Tg mice had a marked reduction in systemic levels of IFN-γ, the major mediator of resistance to T. gondii. In addition, the infection-induced increase in NK cell activity observed in Wt mice was absent from Tg mice and this correlated with NK cell expression of the transgene. Infection-induced activation of CD4+ T cells was similar in Wt and Tg mice, but expansion of activated CD4+T cells was markedly reduced in the Tg mice. This difference in T cell numbers correlated with a reduced capacity of these cells to proliferate after stimulation and was associated with a major defect in the ability of CD4+ T cells from infected mice to produce IFN-γ. Together, these studies reveal that inhibition of NF-κB activity in T and NK cells results in defective effector cell expansion and production of IFN-γ required for resistance to T. gondii.
EFFECT OF FLUORIDE INCORPORATION IN BLEACHING AGENTS ON ENAMEL

INTRODUCTION: Tooth bleaching has proven to be a conservative esthetic solution for tooth discoloration, hydrogen peroxide (HP) is used as an active oxidizing agent for tooth whitening; it can be used either directly or indirectly by chemical reaction from carbamide peroxide (CP). So many patients suffer from discomfort and sensitivity during and after the bleaching procedure. The use of fluoride shows to be beneficial in reducing the adverse effects of bleaching on Enamel.OBJECTIVES: The study was designed to evaluate the effect of fluoride incorporation in bleaching agents on enamel surface properties.MATERIALS AND METHODS: twenty sound human premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons were selected for the study. The selected premolars were randomly divided into 2 equal groups (10 teeth per group) as follows:Study Group I: The teeth were bleached using 10% Carbamide peroxide.Study Group II: The teeth were bleached using 10% CP containing 0.11% fluoride.All the specimens were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and micro-hardness test.RESULTS: after 14 days erosion pattern was noted in teeth from group 1 while the teeth of group 2 showed milder demineralization, group 1 showed significant decrease in micro-hardness compared to the base line whereas group 2 teeth that were treated with fluoridated bleaching agent showed insignificant reduction in micro-hardness.CONCLUSIONS: incorporation of fluoride in bleaching agents reduces the adverse effects of bleaching on the enamel surface.
Robust multi‐lane detection method based on semantic discrimination

Lane detection is the most basic part of automatic driving, driver assistance and violation-detection systems. A lane detection method based on semantic discrimination is proposed to address the problems of diversity in illumination, occlusion and lack of prior knowledge about lane markings. Two symmetric ridge operators are designed to improve the precision of candidate-pixel extraction. The double-constrained random sample consensus method (DC-RANSAC) introduces colour and geometric constraints into the lane fitting to reduce the number of iterations and improve the accuracy of the hypothetical model. Classifiers are added to further validate the hypothetical model and identify its underlying semantics. The proposed method was evaluated using two different data sets with various scenarios, including unclear lane markings, dense traffic, occlusion of vehicles, complex shadows, road surface markings, poor lighting conditions, and unknown number of lane markings. The detailed evaluations show that the detection rate of the proposed method is comparable with that of existing state-of-the-art lane detection methods, whereas the precision rate is much higher. Moreover, the experiments prove the reliability of the proposed algorithm in lane marking semantic recognition.
Effects of water stress by PEG on growth and physiological traits in rice seedlings.

This study was conducted to evaluate the drought tolerance of Japonica and Indica rice cultivars during germinating and seedling stages by using the polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution. Each 5 cultivars of Japonica and Indica were cultured from 14 days after seeding(DAS) to 21 DAS using the PEG solution in a moderate water potential (-0.63 MPa). The lengths of radicle and plumule during the germinating stage were inhibitied by the PEG treatment to about 50% and 85%, respectively. The application of PEG to the seedling of two rice types caused to inhibit the plant height and leaf age about 23 % and 10%, respectively. Shoot and root dry weights by PEG treatment were inhibited more severely in Japonica than those in Indica. The difference on delaying of leaf area expansion between both rice types was not found with treatment of PEG, while the leaf color was increased in both Japonica and Indica by 19.9% and 9.2%, respectively. The average photosynthetic ability was inhibited more in Japonica to 36.0% than did Indica to 27.9%. The stomatal conductance was severely affected by PEG treatment, and the degree was varied in both rice types, ranged with 80-85% in Japonica and 29.3-81.6% in Indica. These results indicate there is little relationship between seed germination and seedling growth under the stress of low water potential.
The Effect of Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, Return on Assets, And Earning Per Share on Stock Price of Conventional Taxi and Bus Companies Listed In Indonesia Stock Exchange In Period of 2013-2017

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of current ratio, debt to equity ratio, returnon assets and earning per share on the stock price. The object of this study is conventional taxi and bus companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange on 2013-2017. The sample selection is using purposive sampling and got six companies that match the criteria. The method used is panel data regression analysis and found that the appropriate model to use is a common effect. From the result of this study obtained the variable of earning per share has a positive and significant effect on the stock price.
Time away is time out: narratives of intentional reimprisonment amongst inmates living with HIV in a US setting

ABSTRACT There is a growing effort from a range of professionals and institutions to develop comprehensive integrated prison-to-community healthcare, discharge planning, and community re-entry support for inmates living with HIV. This paper draws from ethnographic data to explore the ‘lived experience’ of HIV-positive inmates in a US State prison system offering an integrated case management support programme. In the US, incarceration is critical for connecting socially marginalised people and those with health needs to certain rights and resources. We present the ways in which imprisonment enables a claims-making process against the state by allowing this group access to resources and rights connected to imprisonment, healthcare, and associated social welfare support. Offenders identified incentives underpinning their expressed desire or ‘intention’ to return to prison over time. Our findings suggest that this group of inmates has increased opportunity to access material, medical, and welfare resources when compared to the general inmate population and those outside the prison system. Multiple gaps remain in this group’s sense of security in the community, ability to cope with the stress of everyday life, sustained support with substance dependency and, most importantly, consistent access to medical and welfare resources that enable them to live independently. Ironically, for many inmates living with HIV, incarceration offers a better chance of accessing public health services than living in the community.
Multiple Anti‐Infective Properties of Selected Plant Species from Zimbabwe

Natural products have been described as the birth place of antibiotics, and with the emergence of drug resistance in pathogens there is the need for new classes of these drugs (Upadhyay et al., 2010). There is also a need for identifying new resistance factors as microbes evolve new resistance mechanisms. Infectious diseases account for 50% of all deaths in tropical countries. There have been epidemics due to drug-resistant microorganisms; therefore, these microbes pose enormous public health concerns (Gupta et al., 2009). Plants are good sources of phytomedicines as they offer great promise in the treatment of intractable infectious diseases, including opportunistic AIDS anti-infective agents (Buwa and Afolayan, 2009). Since time immemorial, mankind has always sought to extract subsistence and medicines from their environment. It is the accumulation of this experience that constitutes the basis of therapeutics today. Plants have served as a source of new pharmaceutical products and inexpensive starting materials for the synthesis of many known drugs. Natural products and their derivatives represent more than 50% of drugs in clinical use in the world (Cowan, 1999). Traditional medicine refers to the knowledge, skills and practices based on the theories, beliefs and experiences indigenous to different cultures, used in themaintenance of health and in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental illness (WHO, 2002). According toWHO (2002), traditionalmedicine continues to provide health coverage for over 80% of the world’s population, especially in the developing world. This can be attributed mainly due to its affordability, availability and accessibility. Considering the great number of chemicals that have been derived from plants as medicine, scientific evaluation of plants used traditionally for the treatment of microbial infection is a logical step of exploiting themedicinal compounds thatmay be present in plants. Plant-based antimicrobials represent a vast untapped source of medicines with enormous therapeutic potential (Cowan, 1999). It has been shown that there is now an increase in antibiotic resistance in nosocomial and community-acquired infections (Ozhak-Baysan et al., 2012). Over the years, prolonged selective pressure by different drugs has resulted in organisms bearing additional kinds of resistance mechanisms that led to multidrug resistance. These mechanisms include novel penicillin-binding proteins,
PRÁTICAS DE ENVOLVIMENTO PRODUZEM COLABORADORES RESILIENTES? MEDIAÇÃO DA IDENTIDADE ORGANIZACIONAL

A Gestao de Pessoas (GP) assume importância estrategica para a gestao dos colaboradores de uma organizacao. A cultura corporativa, em parte constituida pelas praticas de GP, tem relacao com a identidade organizacional, que esta ligada ao alcance dos objetivos organizacionais. Outrossim, as organizacoes passaram a demandar que seus colaboradores fossem resilientes. Assim, essa pesquisa, de natureza quantitativa, tem como objetivo avaliar a relacao entre as praticas de envolvimento, a identidade organizacional e resiliencia no trabalho de empregados publicos. Como resultados, a resiliencia no trabalho e uma consequente da percepcao das praticas de envolvimento e possui a identidade organizacional como variavel mediadora na relacao. Esta pesquisa avanca ao se debrucar sobre um modelo ainda inexplorado na literatura cientifica e aponta para a necessidade de um conjunto de praticas de envolvimento bem desenvolvidas, na medida em que influenciam a identidade organizacional dos trabalhadores, de forma a impactar positivamente sua resiliencia.
α‐d‐Mannopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐α‐d‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐glycerate in the thermophilic bacterium Petrotoga miotherma − structure, cellular content and function

The intracellular accumulation of low molecular mass organic compounds in response to stressful conditions was investigated in the thermophilic bacterium Petrotoga miotherma, a member of the order Thermotogales. This led to the discovery of a new solute, whose structure was established as α‐d‐mannopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐α‐d‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐glycerate (MGG) by MMR spectroscopy and MS. Under optimum growth conditions (3% NaCl; 55 °C), MGG was the major solute [up to 0.6 µmol·(mg protein)−1]; α‐glutamate and proline were also present but in minor amounts [below 0.08 µmol·(mg protein)−1]. The level of MGG increased notably with the salinity of the growth medium up to the optimum NaCl concentration. At higher NaCl concentrations, however, the level of MGG decreased, whereas the levels of proline and α‐glutamate increased about five‐fold and 10‐fold, respectively. MGG plays a role during low‐level osmotic adaptation of Petrotoga miotherma, whereas α‐glutamate and, to a lesser extent, proline are used for osmoprotection under salt stress. MGG is not part of the cell strategy for coping with heat or oxidative stress. Nevertheless, MGG was an efficient protector of pig heart malate dehydrogenase against heat inactivation and freeze‐drying, although mannosylglycerate was better. This is the first report on the occurrence of MGG in living systems.
Photoswitchable gRNAs for Spatiotemporally Controlled CRISPR-Cas-Based Genomic Regulation

The recently discovered CRISPR-Cas gene editing system and its derivatives have found numerous applications in fundamental biology research and pharmaceutical sciences. The need for precise external control over the gene editing and regulatory events has driven the development of inducible CRISPR-Cas systems. While most of the light-controllable CRISPR-Cas systems are based on protein engineering, we developed an alternative synthetic approach based on modification of crRNA/tracrRNA duplex (guide RNA or gRNA) with photocaging groups, preventing the gRNA from recognizing its genome target sequence until its deprotection is induced within seconds of illumination. This approach relies on a straightforward solid-phase synthesis of the photocaged gRNAs, with simpler purification and characterization processes in comparison to engineering a light-responsive protein. We have demonstrated the feasibility of photocaging of gRNAs and light-mediated DNA cleavage upon brief exposure to light in vitro. We have achieved light-mediated spatiotemporally resolved gene editing as well as gene activation in cells, whereas photocaged gRNAs showed virtually no detectable gene editing or activation in the absence of light irradiation. Finally, we have applied this system to spatiotemporally control gene editing in zebrafish embryos in vivo, enabling the use of this strategy for developmental biology and tissue engineering applications.
Analysis of sediments and suspended material in lake ecosystems using near-infrared spectroscopy: A review

Lake sediments serve as archives that reflect biological and chemical conditions of lakes. Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus are determined in sediments and in suspended material in lakes, termed seston, for a number of purposes. These include: assessment of sediment quality, identification of the trophic level of lakes, and study of contaminants. The use of near-infrared spectroscopy provides a rapid and cost-effective alternative for routine analysis of large numbers of samples. Calibration equations developed from spectral data and the results of conventional chemical analysis on an initial set of representative samples are used to predict constituents in future unknown samples of the same type. In sediment samples and seston, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus were generally predicted very successfully by near-infrared spectroscopy. The best samples for analyzing sediment quality are generally those from the deepest part of a lake. Spatial variability in sediment quality of a lake was successfully explored by this method, suggesting that near-infrared spectroscopy is a potential complementary tool to standard methods for analyzing and characterizing sediments.
Trypanosoma cruzi primary infection prevents severe re-infection in mice.

SUMMARY The effect of Trypanosoma cruzi re-inoculations on experimentally infected mice was evaluated. Mice received a primary infection by intradermal inoculation of 5x10 3 T. cruzi metacyclic infective forms from laboratory infected Rhodnius prolixus. From 200 mice initially infected, 52 survived the course of the infection during 23 weeks. From these, 45 mice were re-inoculated and seven used as infected control. Two re-inoculations were performed using the same conditions as in the prime-infection. Observations on re-inoculated mice revealed a parasitemia level lower than that detected during the primary-infection. Serologic evaluation showed no variation in the immunoglobulin profile, maintaining similar IgM and IgG levels after re-inoculations. Similar mortality rates were observed in primary-infected, re-inoculated and infected control mice. No remarkable histopathological changes attributable to re-inoculation were detected. These results lead us to conclude that T. cruzi re-inoculation in mice previously infected with the same parasite does not produce a reactivation of infection similar to the typical acute clinical or immunological profiles. This also suggests that T. cruzi primary infection may prevent severe re-infection, establishing a protective stage making infected mice resistant to a second infection. Epidemiological implications of the present findings are discussed.
Bones, genetics, and behavior of rhesus macaques : macaca mulatta of Cayo Santiago and beyond

* 1. Physical Anthropology at the Caribbean Primate Research Center: Past, Present, and Future. - 2. Comparative quantitative genetic analysis of cranial capacity and craniofacial morphology in two closely related primate species. - 3. Developmental Origins of and Covariation between Metric and Nonmetric Cranial Traits. - 4.Fragile Spines on Cayo Santiago: bone mineral density, trabecular morphology and the potential for exploring the genetics of osteoporosis in rhesus monkeys. - 5. Genetic and social group influences on postcranial morphology in rhesus macaques of Cayo Santiago. - 6. Prenatal androgenization and dominance rank in female rhesus macaques: evidence from digit ratios (2D:4D). - 7. Ontogeny of Anatomical Mechanical Advantage of the biceps brachii Muscle in Macaques. - 8. Dental maturity and the ontogeny of sex-based differences in the dentofacial complex of rhesus macaques from Cayo Santiago. - 9. Female age of first reproduction at Cayo Santiago: Heritability and shared Environments. - 10. Costs of Reproduction among Rhesus Macaque Females on Cayo Santiago. - Variation over Time in Grooming Kin Bias among Cayo Santiago Rhesus Macaques Supports Time Constraints. - 12. Behavior and Social Dynamics of Rhesus Macaques on Cayo Santiago. - 13. Natural History of the Self