Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of fatty acid modification on prostaglandin production by cultured 3T3 cells.

We have investigated the extent to which modifications in the essential fatty acid content of mammalian cells can affect prostaglandin production. Swiss mouse 3T3 cells stimulated with the calcium ionophore A23187 produced 1.7 to 7 times more prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) when the cultures were supplemented with linoleic acid. Increases in PGE(2) production as a result of linoleic acid supplementation occurred under all culture conditions except during the first 24 hr after attachment, when prostaglandin production was very high. Arachidonic acid supplementation produced a similar enhancement in the capacity of the cells to produce PGE(2), but no appreciable increase occurred when the cultures were supplemented with oleic acid. The phospholipids of the cells exposed to the linoleate-enriched medium contained 4 times more arachidonic acid and twice as much linoleic acid as compared with the corresponding controls. The choline phosphoglycerides were most highly enriched in arachidonic acid, but 2- to 3-fold increases also occurred in the inositol and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides. When cultures initially enriched with linoleic acid were transferred to an unsupplemented medium, the fatty acid composition as well as the capacity of the cells to produce PGE(2) reverted almost to control values. The amount of exogenous arachidonic acid converted to PGE(2) as measured by radioimmunoassay also was greater when the cells were enriched with linoleic acid. Studies with radioactive arachidonic acid indicated that the distribution of prostaglandin metabolites was not affected appreciably by linoleic acid enrichment. These findings suggest that at least two factors contribute to the increased capacity of the cultures supplemented with linoleate to produce PGE(2). One is enrichment of the phospholipid substrate pools with arachidonic acid. The other is an increased ability of the cells to synthesize PGE(2) from unesterified arachidonic acid, perhaps because the prostaglandin-forming enzymes are more active. -Denning, G. M. , P. H. Figard, and A. A. Spector. Effect of fatty acid modification on prostaglandin production by cultured 3T3 cells.
Fat‐Soluble Vitamins in Advanced CKD/ESKD: A Review

Patients requiring dialysis often experience a significant decline in their nutritional status through a combination of chronic disease, reduced appetite, and dietary restrictions, which places them at risk for vitamin deficiencies. The concept of vitamin deficiency has evolved from obvious deficiency states to the subtle effects that suboptimal intake may have on chronic disease prevalence or progression. The purpose of this study was to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the status of the fat‐soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) in patients with chronic kidney disease receiving hemodialysis.
Mycotoxin Decontamination Aspects in Food, Feed and Renewables Using Fermentation Processes

© 2012 Bartkiene et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Mycotoxin Decontamination Aspects in Food, Feed and Renewables Using Fermentation Processes
Simultaneous Feature Selection and Classification via Semi-Supervised Models

Feature selecting for semi-supervised support vector machines (S3VM) classifiers is a novel and important research subject in machine learning. For this problem, based on the linear semi-supervised support vector machine (S3VM) with 1-norm, we propose two new models using all the available data from labeled and unlabeled data and also utilizing as few of the useful features as possible. Furthermore, two proposed learning models for simultaneous feature selection and S3VM classification can be converted to the minimization concave function on the polyhedral set and then solved using successive linear approximation algorithms. Experiments on publicly available datasets prove the effective of our models compared with the linear S3VM model for 1-norm.
Educational milestone development in the first 7 specialties to enter the next accreditation system.

BACKGROUND The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Outcome Project introduced 6 general competencies relevant to medical practice but fell short of its goal to create a robust assessment system that would allow program accreditation based on outcomes. In response, the ACGME, the specialty boards, and other stakeholders collaborated to develop educational milestones, observable steps in residents' professional development that describe progress from entry to graduation and beyond. OBJECTIVES We summarize the development of the milestones, focusing on 7 specialties, moving to the next accreditation system in July 2013, and offer evidence of their validity. METHODS Specialty workgroups with broad representation used a 5-level developmental framework and incorporated information from literature reviews, specialty curricula, dialogue with constituents, and pilot testing. RESULTS The workgroups produced richly diverse sets of milestones that reflect the community's consideration of attributes of competence relevant to practice in the given specialty. Both their development process and the milestones themselves establish a validity argument, when contemporary views of validity for complex performance assessment are used. CONCLUSIONS Initial evidence for validity emerges from the development processes and the resulting milestones. Further advancing a validity argument will require research on the use of milestone data in resident assessment and program accreditation.
Deletion of the carboxyl-terminal transactivation domain of MGF-Stat5 results in sustained DNA binding and a dominant negative phenotype

The Stat (signal transducer and activator of transcription) factors transmit cytokine, growth factor, and hormone responses. Seven members of the Stat gene family are known. MGF-Stat5a has been discovered as a mediator of the prolactin response in mammary epithelial cells. Two closely related variants of Stat5, Stat5a and Stat5b, are encoded by distinct genes. We examined the functional properties of the carboxyl termini of these molecules. Wild-type Stat5a (794 amino acids) and the carboxyl-terminal deletion mutant Stat5a delta 772 supported prolactin-induced transcription of a beta-casein promoter-reporter construct in COS7 cells; Stat5a delta 750 did not. Upon prolactin activation, tyrosine phosphorylation and the specificity of DNA binding were indistinguishable among the three Stat5a variants. Tyrosine dephosphorylation and the downregulation of the DNA-binding activity were delayed in the Stat5a delta 750 mutant. The carboxyl-terminal transactivation domain of Stat5a, amino acids 722 to 794, can be conferred to the DNA-binding domain of the yeast transcription factor GAL4. Coexpression of Stat5a or Stat5b and of the carboxyl-terminal deletion mutants resulted in the suppression of transcriptional induction in COS or Ba/F3 cells. We propose that Stat5a delta 750 and Stat5b delta 754 are lacking functional transactivation domains and exert their dominant negative effects by blocking the DNA-binding site in Stat5-responsive gene promoters.
Transient assembly of active materials fueled by a chemical reaction

Nonequilibrium transient self-assembly In biology, the constant supply of energy can drive a system to be far from its equilibrium conditions and allow for useful work to be done. In contrast, in most synthetic systems, there is a drive toward lower energy states. Boekhoven et al. made a molecule that can switch between a nonassociating state and an associating state through the addition of a chemical fuel (see the Perspective by Van der Zwagg and Meijer). The lifetime, stiffness, and regenerative behavior of the self-assembled state could be controlled and tuned by the kinetics of fuel conversion. Science, this issue p. 1075; see also p. 1056 A synthetic chemical system exhibits transient self-assembly fueled by a chemical reaction. [Also see Perspective by Van der Zwagg and Meijer] Fuel-driven self-assembly of actin filaments and microtubules is a key component of cellular organization. Continuous energy supply maintains these transient biomolecular assemblies far from thermodynamic equilibrium, unlike typical synthetic systems that spontaneously assemble at thermodynamic equilibrium. Here, we report the transient self-assembly of synthetic molecules into active materials, driven by the consumption of a chemical fuel. In these materials, reaction rates and fuel levels, instead of equilibrium composition, determine properties such as lifetime, stiffness, and self-regeneration capability. Fibers exhibit strongly nonlinear behavior including stochastic collapse and simultaneous growth and shrinkage, reminiscent of microtubule dynamics.
Carisoprodol Intoxications and Serotonergic Features

The symptoms and signs of carisoprodol intoxications do not resemble those caused by its metabolite meprobamate. Meprobamate most probably produces its effects through the GABAergic neurotransmitter system. The signs and symptoms of carisoprodol intoxications, however, are not easily explained by interaction with this neurotransmitter system. In the present study, four cases of carisoprodol intoxications are presented with emphasis on the presence of serotonergic signs and symptoms. All four cases fulfilled three different sets of criteria for the diagnosis of serotonin syndrome. These findings could indicate that an increased serotonin level in the central nervous system could explain some of the symptoms and signs of carisoprodol intoxications. This may have implications for the clinical evaluation and treatment of such intoxications. Since few laboratories routinely screen for carisoprodol it is important to keep this drug in mind when encountering intoxications displaying serotonergic symptoms.
Recurring mutations at CpG dinucleotides in the region of the von Willebrand factor gene encoding the glycoprotein Ib binding domain, in patients with type IIB von Willebrand's disease

The mutant von Willebrand factor (vWf) molecule in type IIB von Willebrand's disease (vWd) has an increased binding affinity for the platelet receptor glycoprotein Ib (GpIb). In previous studies we have confirmed genetic linkage of this phenotype to the vWf gene and in this report we document three recurring missense mutations in the region of the gene that encodes the GpIb binding domain. Two families with type IIB vWd were found to have an arginine to tryptophan substitution at residue 543, three families had a valine to methionine substitution at residue 553, and one kindred had an arginine to glutamine change at amino acid 578. None of these sequence changes were found in 200 normal vWf genes and within each of the six families the mutations were only found in affected subjects. This is strong circumstantial evidence in support of these substitutions representing the disease causing mutations in these families. All three of these substitutions have occurred at CpG dinucleotide sequences, and their polymorphic associations indicate that they represent recurring new mutations. Missense mutations at these sites may represent the underlying genetic pathology in a large number of type IIB vWd families.
The evaluation of Chinese aspiration sounds uttered by Japanese students using VOT and power

A Chinese aspiration is generally considered to be very difficult to be reproduced by Japanese students. The difficulty is caused by lack of aspiration in Japanese pronunciation. Voice onset time (VOT) is one of the important measures to evaluate the quality of pronunciation. In this paper, VOT for Chinese aspiration sounds pa[p'a], pi[p'i], po[p'o] and pu[p'u] were measured, as they were pronounced by 40 Japanese students, who have been studying Chinese 3 hours per week for one year. The uttered sounds were also evaluated by native Chinese speakers. The paper demonstrates that good pronunciation has generally long VOT. However, some exceptions were observed. Furthermore analysis of temporal variations of breathing power during the VOT period demonstrates that the power is low in the lower grade sound. The paper shows that the VOT is only one measure of clear pronunciation of the Chinese aspirations. Other measures, such as the power and the energy, have been introduced and their importance as a means to evaluate the quality of pronunciation have been confirmed.
Effect of Gongronema latifolium ethanol leaf extract on gastric acid secretion and cytoprotection in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

OBJECTIVES Gongronema latifolium leaves have been used in folklore medicine to manage diabetes mellitus and alleviate dyspepsia. This study aimed to provide a pharmacological basis to the medicinal use ofGongronema latifolium as an antidiabetic and antiulcerogenic agent in diabetes mellitus. METHODS Ethanol extract from the leaf (200 mg/kg bodyweight) of Gongronema latifolium was administered to both streptozotocin-induced diabetic and control groups orally for 14 days. Gastric acid secretion was measured and ulcer was induced using ethanol and four-hour pyloric ligation. RESULTS The mean bodyweight was significantly lower (p < 0.01), while the mean weight of the stomach, liver and small intestine to bodyweight ratio was increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the two diabetic groups compared to control. Extract significantly (p < 0.01) reduced the blood glucose level similar to the non-diabetic control. Basal and stimulated acid secretion in diabetic control rats was significantly (p < 0.01) decreased when compared to control. Extract administration increased the stimulated gastric acid secretion to a level significantly (p < 0.05) higher than control while reduction in gastric secretion by ranitidine was similar compared with control. Gongronema latifolium treatment significantly (p < 0.05) reduced ulcer scores in both ulcer models and increased mucus weight in the diabetic group. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Gongronema latifolium antiulcerative activity is due to its prevention of chemical-induced stomach injury.
Regional fisheries Management on the High Seas: the Hit-and-Run Interloper Model

The 1993 U.N. Straddling Stock Agreement prescribes a multi-national organizational structure for management of an exploited marine fish stock, one whose range straddles both "Extended Economic Zones" (EEZs) and high seas waters. However, the Agreement provides to the Regional Organization no coercive enforcement powers. In this connections two problems in particular have been cited: The first, called the "interloper problem", concerns the difficulty of controlling the harvesting by non-member vessels. The second problem, called the "new-member problem", concerns the inherent difficulties of negotiating mutually acceptable terms of entry.Here we explore the extent to which the coalition, by exerting economic power alone, might be able to attain effective leverage in these management-control controversies. Specifically, we will examine whether the coalition might successfully employ traditional monopolistic "entry barriers". Game-theoretic economic analysis provides some helpful insights into this question, but the open-access character of resource exploitation on the high seas complicates its applicability here. On the other hand, the game is asymmetric, with the incumbent coalition enjoying certain advantages.Our analysis lends support to the thesis that usually leverage to enforce regional management control must be sought elsewhere, other than through direct application of economic power within the harvesting sector.
EFFECT OF TWO DIFFERENT REST PERIOD LENGTHS ON THE NUMBER OF REPETITIONS PERFORMED DURING RESISTANCE TRAINING

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 2 different rest period lengths during a resistance training session with the number of repetitions completed per set of each exercise, the volume completed over 3 sets of each exercise, and the total volume during a training session. Fourteen experienced, weight- trained men volunteered to participate in the study. All subjects completed 2 experimental training sessions. Both sessions consisted of 3 sets of 8 repetitions with an 8 repetition maximum resistance of 6 upper body exercises performed in a set manner (wide grip lat pull-down, close grip pull-down, machine seated row, barbell row lying on a bench, dumbbell seated arm curl, and machine seated arm curl). The 2 experimental sessions differed only in the length of the rest period between sets and exercises: 1 session with a 1-minute and the other with a 3-minute rest period. For all exercises, results demonstrate a significantly lower total number of repetitions for all 3 sets of an exercise when 1-minute rest periods were used (p ≤ 0.05). The 3- and 1-minute protocols both resulted in a significant decrease from set 1 to set 3 in 4 of the 6 exercises (p ≤ 0.05), whereas the 1- minute protocol also demonstrated a significant decrease from set 1 to set 2 in 2 of the 6 exercises (p ≤ 0.05). The results indicate that, during a resistance training session composed of all upper body exercises, 1-minute rest periods result in a decrease in the total number of repetitions performed compared with 3-minute rest periods between sets and exercises.
The Key Factors in Shipping Company’s Port Selection for Providing Their Supplies

Abstract—The aim of this research is to identify the key factors in shipping company’s port selection in order to providing their requirement. To identify and rank factors that play the main role in selecting port for providing the ship requirement, at the first step, data were collected via Semi-structured interviews, the aim was to generate knowledge on how shipping company select the port and suppliers for providing their needs. 37 port selection factors were chosen from the previous researches and field interviews and have been categorized into two groups of port's factor and the factors of services of suppliers companies. The current study adopts a questionnaire survey to the main shipping companies' operators in Iran. Their responses reveal that level of services of supplying companies and customs rules play the important role in selecting the ports. Our findings could affect decisions made by port authorities to consider that supporting the privet sections for ship chandelling business could have the best result in attracting ships.
Mhc Inspired Immune Evolutionary Algorithm (Mhciea) for Numerical Function Optimization

The protein major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays a critical role in immune system with important biological functions. Inspired by the features of MHC, this paper presents an immune evolutionary algorithm (MHCIEA). This algorithm uses the metaphor of mapping "optimization problem solving" onto the model of immune system with MHC, which is defined as a sub-solution to accelerate optimization process. The four numerical function optimization problems are considered to verify the performance of the algorithm. In this paper we compare the performance of MHCIEA with DE, PSO and real-valued GA regarding their general applicability as numerical optimization techniques. The results from our study show that the performance of MHCIEA is better than others applied techniques
The RNA‐Cleaving Bipartite DNAzyme Is a Distinctive Metalloenzyme

Much interest has focused on the mechanisms of the five naturally occurring self‐cleaving ribozymes, which, in spite of catalyzing the same reaction, adopt divergent strategies. These ribozymes, with the exception of the recently described glmS ribozyme, do not absolutely require divalent metal ions for their catalytic chemistries in vitro. A mechanistic investigation of an in vitro‐selected, RNA‐cleaving DNA enzyme, the bipartite, which catalyzes the same chemistry as the five natural self‐cleaving ribozymes, found a mechanism of significant complexity. The DNAzyme showed a bell‐shaped pH profile. A dissection of metal usage indicated the involvement of two catalytically relevant magnesium ions for optimal activity. The DNAzyme was able to utilize manganese(II) as well as magnesium; however, with manganese it appeared to function complexed to either one or two of those cations. Titration with hexaamminecobalt(III) chloride inhibited the activity of the bipartite; this suggests that it is a metalloenzyme that utilizes metal hydroxide as a general base for activation of its nucleophile. Overall, the bipartite DNAzyme appeared to be kinetically distinct not only from the self‐cleaving ribozymes but also from other in vitro‐selected, RNA‐cleaving deoxyribozymes, such as the 8–17, 10–23, and 614.
Integrating health information technology into clinical guidelines

The current use of Health Information Technology (HIT) within healthcare practice is limited. Clinical guidelines have been developed to bring research based evidence into practice. However, there is no defining step during the development process that explores the use of HIT and how it can benefit the patient, staff and delivery of care process. This paper presents a review of current research on the integration of HIT into clinical guidelines, a methodology for updating and altering the clinical guideline development process to include exploration of HIT and an updated version of the Patient Journey Modeling Architecture (PaJMa) to include a technology layer to assist in visually depicting how HIT can benefit healthcare.
The chemistry of melatonin's interaction with reactive species

Abstract: Melatonin has been shown to be an effective antioxidant in a number of experimental models both in vitro and in vivo. Considering the data available, it is now clear that the indoleamine is involved in antioxidative mechanisms more complex than originally envisaged. These range from the direct radical scavenging of a variety of radicals and reactive species to the control and/or modulation of a number of processes which may trigger a redox imbalance between antioxidant and prooxidant species. This review focuses on the direct radical scavenging activity of melatonin and provides a summary of the mechanisms of the reactions between the indoleamine and reactive species in pure chemical solutions. These actions likely account for at least some of the protective actions of melatonin under conditions of high oxidative stress.