Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Seeding Ratio, Planting Date, and Termination Date on Rye-Hairy Vetch Cover Crop Mixture Performance under Organic Management

Cover crop benefits include nitrogen accumulation and retention, weed suppression, organic matter maintenance, and reduced erosion. Organic farmers need region-specific information on winter cover crop performance to effectively integrate cover crops into their crop rotations. Our research objective was to compare cover crop seeding mixtures, planting dates, and termination dates on performance of rye (Secale cereale L.) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) monocultures and mixtures in the maritime Pacific Northwest USA. The study included four seed mixtures (100% hairy vetch, 25% rye-75% hairy vetch, 50% rye-50% hairy vetch, and 100% rye by seed weight), two planting dates, and two termination dates, using a split-split plot design with four replications over six years. Measurements included winter ground cover; stand composition; cover crop biomass, N concentration, and N uptake; and June soil NO3 --N. Rye planted in mid-September and terminated in late April averaged 5.1 Mg ha-1 biomass, whereas mixtures averaged 4.1 Mg ha-1 and hairy vetch 2.3 Mg ha-1. Delaying planting by 2.5 weeks reduced average winter ground cover by 65%, biomass by 50%, and cover crop N accumulation by 40%. Similar reductions in biomass and N accumulation occurred for late March termination, compared with late April termination. Mixtures had less annual biomass variability than rye. Mixtures accumulated 103 kg ha-1 N and had mean C:N ratio <17:1 when planted in mid-September and terminated in late April. June soil NO3 --N (0 to 30 cm depth) averaged 62 kg ha-1 for rye, 97 kg ha-1 for the mixtures, and 119 kg ha-1 for hairy vetch. Weeds comprised less of the mixtures biomass (20% weeds by weight at termination) compared with the monocultures (29%). Cover crop mixtures provided a balance between biomass accumulation and N concentration, more consistent biomass over the six-year study, and were more effective at reducing winter weeds compared with monocultures.
The Bacillus subtilis sigma(X) protein is an extracytoplasmic function sigma factor contributing to survival at high temperature

The sigX gene, identified as part of the international effort to sequence the Bacillus subtilis genome, has been proposed to encode an alternative sigma factor of the extracytoplasmic function (ECF) subfamily. The sigX gene is cotranscribed with a downstream gene, ypuN, during logarithmic and early stationary phases of growth. We now report that strains lacking sigma(X) are impaired in the ability to survive at high temperature whereas a ypuN mutant has increased thermotolerance. We overproduced and purified sigma(X) from Escherichia coli and demonstrate that in vitro, both sigma(A) and sigma(X) holoenzymes recognize promoter elements within the sigX-ypuN control region. However, they have distinct salt optima such that sigma(A)-dependent transcription predominates at low salt while sigma(X)-dependent transcription predominates at high salt. A 54-bp region upstream of sigX suffices as a sigma(X)-dependent promoter in vivo, demonstrating that sigX is at least partially under positive autoregulatory control. Mutation of ypuN increases expression from the sigma(X)-dependent promoter in vivo, suggesting that ypuN may encode a negative regulator of sigma(X) activity.
The tunneling boundary condition A Fully Quantum Model of Big Bang

In order to understand what really happens in the formation of the Universe, many people came to the point of view that a quantum consideration of this process is necessary. After the publication of the first paper on the quantum description of Universe formation (DeWitt, 1967; Wheeler, 1968), a lot of other papers appeared in this topic (for example, see Refs. (Atkatz & Pagels, 1984; Hartle & Hawking, 1983; Linde, 1984; Rubakov, 1984; Vilenkin, 1982; 1984; 1986; Zel’dovich & Starobinsky, 1984) and some discussions in Refs. (Rubakov, 1999; Vilenkin, 1994) with references therein). Today, among all variety of models one can select two approaches which are the prevailing ones: these are the Feynman formalism of path integrals in multidimensional spacetime, developed by the Cambridge group and other researchers, called the “Hartle–Hawking method” (for example, see Ref. (Hartle & Hawking, 1983)), and a method based on direct consideration of tunneling in 4-dimensional Euclidian spacetime, called the “Vilenkin method” (for example, see Refs. (Vilenkin, 1982; 1984; 1986; 1994)). Here, in the quantum approach we have the following picture of the Universe creation: a closed Universe with a small size is formed from “nothing” (vacuum), where by the word “nothing” one refers to a quantum state without classical space and time. A wave function is used for a probabilistic description of the creation of the Universe and such a process is connected with transition of a wave through an effective barrier. Determination of penetrability of this barrier is a key point in the estimation of duration of the formation of the Universe, and the dynamics of its expansion in the first stage. However, in the majority of these models, with the exception of some exactly solvable models, tunneling is mainly studied in details in the semiclassical approximation (see Refs. (Rubakov, 1999; Vilenkin, 1994)). An attractive side of such an approach is its simplicity in the construction of decreasing and increasing partial solutions for the wave function in the tunneling region, the outgoing wave function in the external region, and the possibility to define and to estimate in an enough simply way the penetrability of the barrier, which can be used to obtain the duration of the nucleation of the Universe. The tunneling boundary condition A Fully Quantum Model of Big Bang
Cytokinin-Deficient Transgenic Arabidopsis Plants Show Multiple Developmental Alterations Indicating Opposite Functions of Cytokinins in the Regulation of Shoot and Root Meristem Activity Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.014928

Cytokinins are hormones that regulate cell division and development. As a result of a lack of specific mutants and biochemical tools, it has not been possible to study the consequences of cytokinin deficiency. Cytokinin-deficient plants are expected to yield information about processes in which cytokinins are limiting and that, therefore, they might regulate. We have engineered transgenic Arabidopsis plants that overexpress individually six different members of the cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (AtCKX) gene family and have undertaken a detailed phenotypic analysis. Transgenic plants had increased cytokinin breakdown (30 to 45% of wild-type cytokinin content) and reduced expression of the cytokinin reporter gene ARR5:GUS (β-glucuronidase). Cytokinin deficiency resulted in diminished activity of the vegetative and floral shoot apical meristems and leaf primordia, indicating an absolute requirement for the hormone. By contrast, cytokinins are negative regulators of root growth and lateral root formation. We show that the increased growth of the primary root is linked to an enhanced meristematic cell number, suggesting that cytokinins control the exit of cells from the root meristem. Different AtCKX-green fluorescent protein fusion proteins were localized to the vacuoles or the endoplasmic reticulum and possibly to the extracellular space, indicating that subcellular compartmentation plays an important role in cytokinin biology. Analyses of promoter:GUS fusion genes showed differential expression of AtCKX genes during plant development, the activity being confined predominantly to zones of active growth. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that cytokinins have central, but opposite, regulatory functions in root and shoot meristems and indicate that a fine-tuned control of catabolism plays an important role in ensuring the proper regulation of cytokinin functions.
Monolithically-Integrated Millimetre-Wave Wavelet Transmitter With On-Chip Antenna

An integrated millimeter-wave wavelet transmitter has been fabricated and characterized. It consists of a generator core on a co-designed compact monolithically-integrated antenna. The peak output equivalent isotropic radiated power has been measured to 11 dBm, in 80, 160, and 320 ps wavelets centred at 63.5 GHz. This corresponds to a power of 5 dBm radiated from the 6 dBi antenna. At a dc-supply of 1.45 V, the on-state power dissipation was estimated to 37 mW. The radiated wavelet-power over dc-dissipation conversion-efficiency is 9%.
Design and adjustment of dependency measures

Dependency measures are fundamental for a number of important applications in data mining and machine learning. They are ubiquitously used: for feature selection, for clustering comparisons and validation, as splitting criteria in random forest, and to infer biological networks, to list a few. More generally, there are three important applications of dependency measures: detection, quantification, and ranking of dependencies. Dependency measures are estimated on finite data sets and because of this the tasks above become challenging. This thesis proposes a series of contributions to improve performances on each of these three goals. When differentiating between strong and weak relationships using information theoretic measures, the variance plays an important role: the higher the variance, the lower the chance to correctly rank the relationships. In this thesis, we discuss the design of a dependency measure based on the normalized mutual information whose estimation is based on many random discretization grids. This approach allows us to reduce its estimation variance. We show that a small estimation variance for the grid estimator of mutual information if beneficial to achieve higher power when the task is detection of dependencies between variables and when ranking different noisy dependencies. Dependency measure estimates can be high because of chance when the sample size is small, e.g. because of missing values, or when the dependency is estimated between categorical variables with many categories. These biases cause problems when the dependency must have an interpretable quantification and when ranking dependencies for feature selection. In this thesis, we formalize a framework to adjust dependency measures in order to correct for these biases. We apply our adjustments to existing dependency measures between variables and show how to achieve better interpretability in quantification. For example, when a dependency measure is used to quantify the amount of noise on functional dependencies between variables, we experimentally demonstrate that adjusted measures have more interpretable range of variation. Moreover, we demonstrate
High frequency grid impedance analysis with three-phase converter and FPGA based tolerance band controller

The electrical grid features show a frequency dependent impedance. To know their value in the frequency range between grid fundamental frequency and up to frequency's in the kHz-range is very useful. It contributes to optimize energy feed in as well as from decentralized converter equipped renewable sources. This paper presents an advanced frequency dependent impedance measurement system for the energized grid with a high frequency range. For these grid impedance measurements a fast switching three-phase high frequency converter with a fast and robust control is required. Control is carried out by a FPGA based tolerance band or hysteresis control. The power circuit for high frequency (up to 10 kHz) measuring current is presented and measurements are shown and analyzed.
Tree initiation phenomena in nanostructured epoxy composites

Tree initiation time was evaluated by a pulse detection system to detect a small PD (partial discharge) signal that might take place at first just after a tree was formed. Six kinds of materials were prepared for evaluation, i.e. base epoxy resin, microcomposite, two kinds of nanocomposites, and two kinds of nano-micro-mixed-composites. Lengths of trees detected were around 100 μm in our experiments. As a result, it was clarified that the tree initiation time is prolonged by the nanofiller inclusion, but shortened by the microfiller filling. Furthermore, the co-addition of nanofillers to the microcomposite increases the tree initiation time again in comparison to the once-shortened time in the microcomposite. As for the PD erosion evaluated for the same materials, a good correlation was confirmed between the tree initiation time and PD resistance. This correlation indicates that the tree formation process includes PD erosion. Simulation results show that trees should propagate between fillers.
CCR5 expression is reduced in lymph nodes of HIV type 1-infected women, compared with men, but does not mediate sex-based differences in viral loads.

BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected women have lower viral loads than men but similar rates of disease progression. We hypothesized that sex-based differences in CCR5 expression mediate viral load differences. METHODS CCR5 was analyzed by flow cytometry in disaggregated lymph node cells from untreated HIV-1-infected women (n = 28) and men (n = 27). The frequencies of HIV-1 RNA-producing cells in the lymph node were determined by in situ hybridization. Linear and generalized linear regression models were used. RESULTS The percentage of CCR5(+)CD3(+)CD4(+) cells was lower in women (mean, 12%) than men (mean, 16%; P = .034). Neither the percentage of CCR5(+)CD3(+)CD4(+) cells nor the CCR5 density predicted viral load or HIV-1 RNA-producing lymph node cells (P ≥ .24), after adjusting for CD4(+) T-cell count, race, and age. Women had marginally fewer HIV-1 RNA-producing cells (mean, 0.21 cells/mm(2)) than men (mean, 0.44 cells/mm(2); P = . 046). After adjusting for the frequency of HIV-1 RNA-producing cells and potential confounders, the viral load in women were 0.46 log10 copies/mL lower than that in men (P = .018). CONCLUSIONS Reduced lymph node CCR5 expression in women did not account for the viral load difference between sexes. CCR5 expression did not predict viral load or frequencies of HIV-1 RNA-producing cells, indicating that physiologic levels of CCR5 do not limit HIV-1 replication in lymph node. Less plasma virus was associated with each HIV-1 RNA-producing cell in women as compared to men, suggesting that women may either produce fewer virions per productively infected cell or more effectively clear extracellular virus.
Lazy Arithmetic Circuits

Compiling a Bayesian network into a secondary structure, such as a junction tree or arithmetic circuit allows for ofﬂine computations before observations arrive, and quick inference for the marginal of all variables. However, query-based algorithms, such as variable elimination and recursive conditioning, that compute the posterior marginal of few variables given some observations, allow pruning of irrelevant variables, which can reduce the size of the problem. Madsen and Jensen show how lazy evaluation of junction trees can allow both compilation and pruning. In this paper, we adapt the lazy evaluation to arithmetic circuits, allowing the best of both worlds: pruning due to observations and query variables as well as compilation while exploiting local structure and de-terminism.
Super-compact multi-layered CRLH couplers designed in left-handed phase-advanced region

In this paper, two types of super-compact couplers, a branch line coupler and a rat-race coupler, are newly designed by replacing their −90° or −270° right-handed transmission lines (TLs) with +90° or +270° multi-layered (ML) composite right/left-handed (CRLH) TLs. Since the recent ML CRLH TLs have a broadband left-handed (LH) response with a well-balanced CRLH condition, these couplers also work in a LH phase-advance region, leading to significant size reduction from their original size. The overall dimension of the branch line coupler is 7.5 × 7.5 × 1.8 mm<sup>3</sup> @2.3 GHz and that of the rat-race circuit is 4.0 × 8.0 × 2.9 mm<sup>3</sup> @3.0 GHz, respectively.
Total coenzyme Q10 concentrations in Asian men following multiple oral 50-mg doses administered as coenzyme Q10 sustained release tablets or regular tablets.

Coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)), a highly lipophilic compound present in the inner mitochondrial membrane, is essential for production of cellular energy in the form of ATP. CoQ(10) is used as a dietary supplement and for treatment of various cardiovascular disorders. Our goal was to compare the CoQ(10) levels in Asians following multiple oral doses administered as sustained release or regular tablets. Twenty healthy male volunteers (19-23 years old) were divided into two equal groups. Each subject in Group I received 50 mg oral doses of coenzyme Q(10) as sustained release tablets once a day for fifteen days, while subject in Group II received 50 mg doses of coenzyme Q(10) regular tablets. The CoQ(10) levels were measured by HPLC-UV (reverse phase ODS column, 10 microm, 250 x 4.6 mm; oven temperature 30 degrees C). Mobile phase was constituted by methanol-ethanol 9 : 1 v/v. Flow rate was 1.5 ml/min and UV detection was carried out at 275 nm. Coenzyme Q(9) was used as an internal standard. CoQ(10) baseline in the morning was 0.88+/-0.48 mg/l. Following 1 week 50 mg/d dosing of CoQ(10), plasma CoQ(10) concentrations increased to 1.85+/-1.03 mg/l for sustained release tablets and up to 1.37+/-0.74mg/l for regular tablets. The net increment proportion in AUC for sustained release and regular tablets were 148.26+/-176.56%, 102.57+/-130.00%, respectively. Both preparations significantly increased the systemic exposure when compared to endogenous baseline.
Inverse kinematics of redundant robots using genetic algorithms

Genetic algorithms, which are robust general-purpose optimization techniques, have been used to solve the inverse kinematics problem for redundant robots. A genetic algorithm (GA) was used to position a robot at a target location while minimizing the largest joint displacement from the initial position. As currently implemented, GAs are suitable for offline programming of a redundant robot in point-to-point positioning tasks. The GA solution needs only the forward kinematic equations (which are easily developed) and does not require any artificial constraints on the joint angles. The joint rotation limits which are present in any feasible robot design are handled directly; so any solution determined by the GA is physically realizable. Finally, the GA works with joint angles represented as digital values (not continuous real numbers), which is more representative for computer-controlled robot systems. <<ETX>>
Effects of GSM‐modulated 900 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on the hematopoietic potential of mouse bone marrow cells

Studies describing the influence of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on bone marrow cells (BMC) often lack functional data. We examined the effects of in vivo exposure to a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) modulated 900 MHz RF fields on BMC using two transplantation models. X‐irradiated syngeneic mice were injected with BMC from either RF‐field‐exposed, sham‐exposed or cage control mice. Twelve weeks after transplantation, no differences in thymocyte number, frequency of subpopulations and cell proliferation were found in mice receiving BMC from either group. Also, in the spleen cell number, percentages of B/T cells, B/T‐cell proliferation, and interferon γ (IFN‐γ) production were similar in all groups. In parallel, a mixture of BMC from congenic sham‐ and RF‐exposed mice were co‐transplanted into lymphopenic Rag2 deficient mice. BMC from RF‐exposed and sham‐exposed mice displayed no advantage or disadvantage when competing for the replenishment of lymphatic organs with mature lymphocytes in Rag2 deficient mice. This model revealed that BMC from sham‐exposed and RF‐exposed mice were less efficient than BMC from cage control mice in repopulating the thymus, an effect likely due to restraint stress. In conclusion, our results showed no effects of in vivo exposure to GSM‐modulated RF‐fields on the ability of bone marrow (BM) precursors to long‐term reconstitute peripheral T and B cell compartments. Bioelectromagnetics 35:559–567, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
School location and gender differences in personal, social, and environmental correlates of physical activity in Cypriot middle school children.

BACKGROUND A number of studies indicate higher prevalence of overweight and obesity among rural school children. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in personal, social, and environmental correlates of physical activity between school location (urban versus rural) and gender. METHODS Middle school children (N = 676) from different districts in Cyprus completed questionnaires assessing physical activity and potential correlates. RESULTS Children from rural schools reported higher friend support for physical activity and more ease of walk to a bus station from their home. Urban school children reported higher presence of sidewalks in their neighborhood. Boys reported more hours per day playing outside and higher enjoyment and friend support for physical activity than girls, whereas girls reported higher means in the variable 'I see a lot of people walking or being physically active in my neighborhood'. Significant two-way interactions between gender and school location were noted with rural school girls having less favorable scores in a number of correlates of physical activity. CONCLUSIONS More studies are needed to further understand the higher incidence of overweight and obesity observed among rural youth. Girls from rural areas may be targeted as a priority group for promoting physical activity.
The reverse side of the victory: Flare up of symptoms after discontinuation of sunitinib or sorafenib in renal cell cancer patients. A report of three cases

activation of psoriasis and spontaneous regression of metastases. Similar observation has recently been reported in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and marginal zone B cell lymphoma treated with infliximab and methotrexate [8]. In that case spontaneous remission was noted after the withdrawal of infliximab and methotrexate. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may be viewed as adoptive immunotherapy, and is frequently accompanied by graftversus-host disease. A case of graft-versus-host disease manifesting as with psoriatic skin lesions has been described [9]. We can only speculate about the mechanism(s) of association between the course of psoriasis and metastatic RCC in the present patient. T lymphocytes isolated from psoriatic lesions exhibit cross reactivity to microbial and self antigens [7]. It is possible that similar cross reactivity exists between the putative tumor antigens responsible for tumor rejection and autoantigens in the skin, but this hypothesis remains speculative. The risk of cancer may be increased in patients with psoriasis, possibly as the result of therapy [10], but increased incidence of RCC has not been observed and RCC is a rare event in patients with psoriasis. In conclusion, this case report presents further indication that immune response may play a role in spontaneous regression of RCC metastases after nephrectomy.
Algebraic Completeness Results for R-Mingle and Its Extensions

Schiller Joe Scroggs in [9] established remarkable facts concerning "normal" extensions of the modal sentential calculus S5, the most notable of these facts being that all such proper extensions have finite characteristic matrices. The major import of the present paper is that like facts hold for the relevant sentential calculus R-Mingle (RM). Robert K. Meyer in [6] has obtained an important completeness result for RM, which will play a central role in our results. ' However, in ? 2 we shall obtain a new proof of Meyer's result as a by-product of the algebraic logic that we develop in ? 1. Also in ? 2 we shall obtain the promised results for extensions of RM. In ? 3 we shall provide a strong completeness theorem for RM by generalizing the semantics of Meyer.