Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HISTOLOGICAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE EPIDIDYMIS OF THE TUPAIIDAE (TREE SHREWS)

The samples of epididymal duct were collected from three monkeys of Tupaiidae species. Sections of 4um thickness were prepared for histological and histochemical studies. The histological studies showed that the epithelium lined the head region consisted of single layer of high columnar ciliated cells, changed gradually to pseudostratified columnar ciliated in the body region and into low columnar or cuboidal in the tail region. There were large light stained cells with two different shapes throughout the epithelium. The histochemical studies showed periodic acid Schiff (PAS) +ve reaction in the apical part of the principal cells with their cilia in the head region, where in the body region the PAS+ve reaction was condensed in the free border of the epithelium; and in the tail region the reaction was condensed in the free surface and the cytoplasm beneath it. The Alcian blue at pH 2.5 (Ab 2.5) +ve reaction was condensed in the free surface with their cilia in the all regions. The light cells showed PAS and Ab 2.5 +ve granules especially in the tail region. In lectin stained tissue, the stained area was confined to the cilia, free surface, and the cytoplasm beneath it.
Effect of Selected Plant Extracts on Pancreatic Lipase Inhibition, Pancreatic Cholesterol Esterase Activities and Cholesterol Micellization

The study shows that the four edible plant extracts (Dendrobium Nobile, Hawthorn, Wolfberry and Tea Extract) consist of a wide range of functional factors. The total polysaccharide content in the plant extract ranged from 6.17% to 25.2%. The plant extracts revealed positive hypolipidemic effects for the index parameters such as pancreatic lipase inhibition, cholesterol esterase inhibitory activities and cholesterol micellization solubility. The extracts had a pancreatic lipase inhibition rate between 27 to 41% and the level of inhibition of cholesterol esterase depends on the different types of plant extracts varied from 19 to 47%. The extracts (12 mg/mL) significantly inhibited cholesterol micelle formation from about 19 to 42%. The findings of the study were compared to other studies on similar extracts and showed potential to delay the digestion and absorption of fat.
Do Grasses Benefit from Grazing

FORUM VJ reader. Comments, viewpoints or suggestions caused by speculative controversial papers are welcome. Discussion about important issues in ecology, e.g. theory or terminology may also FORUM be included. Contributions should be as concise as possible. A summary introducing the topic and summarizing the argument may be included. Reference should be made only to work basic to the topic. A lighter prose, designed to attract readers, will be permitted. Formal FORUM research reports, albeit short, will not be accepted. Ed.
Comparison of image quality of head and neck lesions between 3D gradient echo sequences with compressed sensing and the multi-slice spin echo sequence

Background Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides excellent soft-tissue contrast, long acquisition times are major disadvantages. Purpose To evaluate the usefulness of compressed sensing (CS) for contrast-enhanced oral and maxillofacial MRI by comparing the 3D T1 turbo field echo with compressed SENSE (CS-3D-T1TFE) sequence with the multi-slice spin echo (MS-SE) sequence as the reference standard. Material and Methods Thirty patients with orofacial lesions participated in this study. The scan times for MS-SE and CS-3D-T1TFE were 5 min 56 s and 1 min 43 s, respectively. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was calculated for quantitative analysis and seven parameters (degree of lesion conspicuity, motion artifacts, metal artifacts, pulsation artifacts, quality of fat suppression, homogeneity of blood vessel signal intensity, and overall image quality) were evaluated using a 5-point scale (5 = excellent, 1 = unacceptable) by two observers for qualitative analysis. For comparisons between MS-SE and CS-3D-T1TFE, the paired t-test was used. Results The SNR of CS-3D-T1TFE was higher than or equal to that of MS-SE. The CS-3D-T1TFE scores for motion artifacts, pulsation artifacts, and homogeneity of blood vessel signal intensity were higher than the corresponding MS-SE scores in assessments by both observers. The MS-SE scores for fat suppression were higher than or equal to the CS-3D-T1TFE scores. There were no significant differences in lesion conspicuity, metal artifacts, and overall image quality between the two sequences. Conclusion CS-3D-T1TFE imaging, less than 30% of the scan time for MS-SE, showed no image degradation while retaining equal or higher SNR and image quality.
Messaging Beyond Texts with Real-time Image Suggestions

While people primarily communicate with text in mobile chat applications, they are increasingly using visual elements such as images, emojis, and memes. Using such visual elements could help users communicate clearly and make chatting experience enjoyable. However, finding and inserting contextually appropriate images during the chat can be both tedious and distracting. We introduce MilliCat, a real-time image suggestion system that recommends images that match the chat content within a mobile chat application (i.e., autocomplete with images). MilliCat combines natural language processing (e.g., keyword extraction, dependency parsing) and mobile computing (e.g., resource and energy-efficiency) techniques to autonomously make image suggestions when users might want to use images. Through multiple user studies, we investigated the effectiveness of our design choices, the frequency and motivation of image usage by the participants, and the impact of MilliCat on mobile chat experiences. Our results indicate that MilliCat’s real-time image suggestion enables users to quickly and conveniently select and display images on mobile chat by significantly reducing the latency in the image selection process (3.19 × improvement) and consequently more frequent image usage (1.8 ×) than existing solutions. Our study participants reported that they used images more often with MilliCat as the images helped them convey information more effectively, emphasize their opinion, express emotions, and have fun chatting experience.
Understanding Visual Saliency in Mobile User Interfaces

For graphical user interface (UI) design, it is important to understand what attracts visual attention. While previous work on saliency has focused on desktop and web-based UIs, mobile app UIs differ from these in several respects. We present findings from a controlled study with 30 participants and 193 mobile UIs. The results speak to a role of expectations in guiding where users look at. Strong bias toward the top-left corner of the display, text, and images was evident, while bottom-up features such as color or size affected saliency less. Classic, parameter-free saliency models showed a weak fit with the data, and data-driven models improved significantly when trained specifically on this dataset (e.g., NSS rose from 0.66 to 0.84). We also release the first annotated dataset for investigating visual saliency in mobile UIs.
Cultural Entrepreneurship: Between-Organization Cultural Isomorphism and Within-Organization Culture Shaping

Cultural entrepreneurship is a process that focuses on entrepreneurial resources, identifies and legitimates new startups, and improves organizational performance. Although scholars of this subject have viewed entrepreneurs as cultural agents, for example, who either strike a balance between cultural resources and constraints or decouple their ventures from cultural constraints while coupling them with cultural resources, they have overlooked another possible behavior that cultural agents might display. In the present study, the authors attempt to uncover another facet of cultural entrepreneurship and conduct a case study focusing on a new entrepreneurial organization (subcontractor) that became a parts supplier for an automaker (user company). Our findings show that the subcontractor’s entrepreneurs shaped its culture by drawing on the external cultural constraints coded by the user company’s culture (between-organization cultural isomorphism), and they also used internal cultural resources to foster an entrepreneurial culture and to stimulate exploratory innovations (within-organization culture shaping).
Evaluation of Dispensers Containing Trimedlure, the Attractant for the Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)

The objective of this study was to evaluate a cotton wick dispenser in comparison with controlled-release dispensers of Trimedlure (TML) (a blend of tert -butyl esters of 4- and 5-chloro-2-methylcyclohexanecarboxylic acids), which are designed to extend the time of biological effectiveness. Measurements of residual TML contents of dispensers aged in traps for known time periods showed that cotton wicks released TML at a considerably faster rate when pure TML was used than when a mixture of TML in high-boiling extenders (called Capilure®) was applied to the wicks. The polymeric membranes of plastic laminate dispensers and Biolure cups were found to slow the release of TML. As a result of this reduced amount of volatilized TML, the controlled-release dispensers of TML attracted fewer insects than did the TML/cotton wicks for the first 1 to 2 weeks of the test. However, a laminate dispenser was found to attract for a longer period of time. The release rates were temperature dependent. Biolure cups and rubber septa were unsatisfactory as TML dispensers. Commercial TML is principally (90–97%) a mixture of the four trans- isomers which vary in volatility and biological activity. Although the evaporation rates of the four isomers are not identical, major changes in isomer composition did not occur during the evaporation of TML from the laminates. Some preferential release of the more volatile isomers was shown to occur on the cotton wicks, but only after most of TML had evaporated.
Esophageal Cancer Crisis in Golestan Province, Iran; Focus on Risk Factors: Back to Future

Esophageal cancer (EC) is categorized histologically to two common groups; adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas, with high incidence and mortality worldwide. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most prevalent (more than 90%) form of all EC cases in Golestan province. Golestan province, as the high-risk province for ESCC, is located in the eastern part of the Caspian littoral area of Iran, although in the last decades, the occurrence rates have decreased in this area. Tobacco smoking, opium consumption, low oral hygiene, drinking hot liquids, insufficient intake of fresh fruits and vegetables, and poor socioeconomic status increase the risk of ESCC in Golestan, although exposure to infections and toxic chemical compounds are also reported. Here, we summarize the previous epidemiological studies from 1970 to 2019 that have investigated the risk factors involved in ESCC in this high-risk area. More prospective cohort studies are required to assess the risk factors, categorize high-risk peoples, and evaluate early detection and involved mechanisms.
Age and Gender Prediction and Validation Through Single User Images Using CNN

— Recently, the user’s gender and age range are very important for organizations to understand their customers ’needs and develop their strategies to provide more enhanced services to them. These organizations mostly rely on their enterprise systems to collect data from users, which forms play an important role in it. This data should be correct and accurate and sometimes must be within a specific format. So, the application form validators and rules were proposed. When we have a look at the related works form validators, we found that their methods work well with the different types of data. But unfortunately, there is a lack of auto detection of the user's age and gender. In addition, they neither detect nor validate the real user’s age range that reflects from his/her photo. For example, the ID photo must reflect the person's age range. In this paper, we suggest a new approach to validate the user’s gender and age range that is reflected from his photo correctly. Also, adding a double-check layer validator by linking between user photo, gender, and date of birth form inputs based on the Deep Learning approach, by detecting the gender and estimate the age from a single person’s photo using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN or ConvNets). Then, on top of that, a web service to make the validation process is implemented. Finally, we evaluated this solution using the University of Palestine students’ photos, and show it has achieved a good result in gender prediction and has challenges in age prediction
Biomarkers: An Important Tool for Diagnosing and Treating Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is a type of tumor in which individual cases deviate from each other in morphology, protein expression, molecular phenotype, genetic characteristics, and prognosis. Worldwide, breast cancer is the most-common invasive cancer in women. A patient with breast cancer may have the following symptoms:- lumps, skin dimples, nipple discharge, nipple height, nipple withdrawal, pain and burning sensation. There are many causes and risks of breast cancer, including family history (heriditary), obesity, active smoking, early and late childbearing, breast feeding for less than two weeks, exposure to estrogen and oral contraceptive pills. Most breast cancers are diagnosed through estrogen receptor (ER) -positive determination and rely on estrogen for cell growth and survival. Breast cancer treatment has encountered a few progressions in the previous decades with the revelation of explicit prescient prognostic biomarkers that make conceivable the use of individualized treatments. Blocking estrogen biosynthesis by aromatase inhibitors (AI) has, subsequently, become a first-line endocrine treatment for menopausal ladies with ER-positive breast disease. Various conventional diagnosing and treating methods of breast cancer is available but there have limitation of accuracy and treating. For that reason now a day’s various biomarkers like Molecule or Biochemical biomarkers like Estrogen receptor, Progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), human Mammaglobin (H-MAM), Osteopontin, Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 (FGFR2), Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), Physiologic Biomarkers like Carcinoma Antigen 15-3(CA 15–3), Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125), Prostate specific antigen (PSA) and Anatomic Biomarkers Oncotype Dx, and Cystic fibrosis Trans-membrane conductance regulator (CFTR). These biomarkers are of great importance in the evaluation and diagnosis process, which leads to better patient’s care and protection of the patients. Due to its various advantages, biomarkers are considered as an innovative tool in the progression of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Assessment of the Landslides triggered by Gorkha Earthquake 2015 : A case study of Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park , Central Nepal

Due to natural conditions or manmade actions, landslides have produced multiple human and economic losses (Fleming 1980, Guzzetti 2007). Earthquakes are one of the main triggering factors of landslides and rapidly changes of surface with generate landslides. Largest earthquakes have capable to trigger thousands of landslides throughout areas of more than 100,000 km2 (Keefer, 1984). Earthquake induced landslides have been documented from at least as early as 1789 BC in China (Hansen and Franks, 1991) and 372 BC in Greece (Seed, 1968). The first scientific identification of earthquake induced landslides and their systematic documentation was undertaken in the Calabria region of Italy after the 1783 earthquake swarm and first basic inventory for earthquake induced landslides accomplished in 1957 for Daly City after the California earthquake (Keefer, 1994). On the other hand the first large inventory attempt done by Harp et al. in 1981 for Ms 7.5 Guatemala earthquake (1976). According to the results of distribution and statistics based studies, the type and locality of landslides caused by earthquakes are affected by the differences in seismic parameters and distribution of geological characteristics and topographic factors. Therefore, it is prerequisite to have a comprehensive understanding of seismic parameters, geological and geomorphologic dynamics and the relations between them for better understanding of landslide distribution induced after the earthquakes. Earthquake-induced landslide hazard zoning known to have experienced earthquakeinduced slope failures during historical earthquakes, or areas ABSTRACT
Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and neurochemical investigations of lamotrigine‐pentylenetetrazole kindled mice to ascertain it as a reliable model for clinical drug‐resistant epilepsy

Pentylenetetrazole kindling has long been used for the screening of investigational antiseizure drugs. The presence of lamotrigine, at a very low dose, does not hamper kindling in mice; rather it modifies this epileptogenesis process into drug‐resistant epilepsy. The lamotrigine‐pentylenetetrazole kindled mice show resistance to lamotrigine, phenytoin, and carbamazepine. It may also be possible that other licensed antiseizure drugs, like the mentioned drugs, remain ineffective in this model; therefore, this was the subject of this study.
Blockchain Platform For Healthcare Information Exchange

In my dissertation work, Blockchains also referred as technology emerged to facilitate money exchange transactions and eliminate the need for a trusted third party to notarize and verify such transactions as well as protect data security and privacy. New structures of Blockchains have been designed to accommodate the need for this technology in other fields such as e-health, tourism and energy. I concerned with the use of Blockchains in managing and sharing electronic health and medical records to allow patients, hospitals, clinics, and other medical stakeholder to share data amongst themselves, and increase interoperability. The Process of the Blockchains used architecture depends on the entities participating in the constructed chain network. Although the use of Blockchains may reduce redundancy and provide caregivers with consistent records about their patients, it still comes with few challenges which could infringe patients’ privacy, or potentially compromise the whole network of stakeholders. I investigate different Blockchains structures, look at existing challenges and provide possible solutions. I see various problem that may expose patients’ privacy and the resiliency of Blockchains to possible attacks.
Comparative investigation of the heterotrophic bacterial community in the surface sediment of Portunus trituberculatus rearing pond

Heterotrophic bacterial community,in the surface sediment of Portunus trituberculatus rearing ponds with disease occurring and one without,was investigated by means of the morphology and 16S rDNA sequences. A total of 255 isolates were roughly clustered into 13 colony-based groups and 33 cell-based subgroups. The 16S rDNA sequences were analyzed of the two dominant subgroups A-NS-SpR (non spore- forming sphere-rod in A group) and B-SF-SR (spore-forming short-rod in B group),both of which accounted for 34. 5% of all isolates. Subgroup A-NS-SpR belongs to phylum Proteobacteria,including two classes,three families,eight genara and about twelve species,and the dominant species are Halomonas ventosae and Donghicola eburneus,which totally accounted for 59. 1% of this subgroup. Subgroup B-SF-SR belonges to phylum Firmicutes,including one class (Bacilli),three families,four genara and about twelve species. And two species (Bacillus decolorationis and Halobacillus trueperi) accounted for 60. 6% in this subgroup,much more than other species. At genus level,Bacillus and Halomonas are majors within sbugroup. Subgroup A- NS-SpR show much higher abundance (number of isolates) in the healthy pond than in the diseased one,but similar diversity (number of species) with the latter. And family Rhodobacteraceae shows the biggest drop in the abundance in the diseased pond. In contrast,Subgroup B-SF-SR shows minor differences in abundance in healthy and diseased ones,but its diversity in the diseased pond lost obviously,compared with the healty one.
Synchronization of ovulation in goats using prostaglandin F2α based protocols during the breeding season

Goats and ewes show a marked reproductive seasonality mainly due to a photoperiod effect. The annual variation of the daily luminosity duration is perceived by the retina of these animals and a neurohormonal pathway involving suprachiasmatic nucleus, sympathetic neurons, and the pineal gland was responsible for production of melatonin, a key hormone, during short days/darkness periods[1-3]. Consequently, melatonin stimulates a neuronal network which modulates the hypothalamic secretion of gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH)[3], and the hypothalamic-pituitarygonadal axis is stimulated. From a latitude > 25°, most of the local breeds progressively present an anoestrous period with variations in duration (3 to 7–8 months) and intensity (originating up to 100% of anoestrous females), during the natural long days[4,5]. In order to inseminate females out of season, several hormonal, natural or mixed protocols were developed for estrus and ovulation synchronization. These protocols were recently reviewed[6]. However, a demand of artificial inseminations also occurs during breeding season. Moreover, from regions at latitude less than 45° towards the equator, a progressive percentage of females remain (Spain; latitude 37° N) or can remain (Mexico; latitude 26° N) cyclic during whole year[5,7]. In fact, parturitions of goats can occur in all months under natural circumstances of mating (Figure 1). Although classical hormonal protocol used during anoestrous season can also synchronize ovulations during the breeding season, other protocols more cost-effective can be used in cyclic goats during the breeding season, mainly in regions showing less marked seasonal reproductive activity of small ruminants. The main aim of the present review was to describe useful methods for ovulation synchronization in goats, based on prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) protocols during breeding season and to suggest the pathways for a more rational use of hormones for ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
Executive summary: Guidelines (2013) for the management of overweight and obesity in adults

In 2008, the NHLBI initiated these guidelines by sponsoring rigorous systematic evidence reviews for each topic by expert panels convened to develop critical questions (CQs), interpret the evidence, and craft recommendations. In response to the 2011 report from the Institute of Medicine on the development of trustworthy clinical guidelines (1), the NHLBI Advisory Council recommended that the NHLBI focus specifically on reviewing the highest-quality evidence and partner with other organizations to develop recommendations (2,3). Accordingly, in June 2013 the NHLBI initiated collaboration with the ACC and AHA to work with other organizations to complete and publish the guidelines noted above and make them available to the widest possible constituency. Recognizing that the expert panels/work groups did not consider evidence beyond 2011 (except as specified in the methodology), the ACC, AHA and collaborating societies plan to begin updating these guidelines starting in 2014.
Corrigendum

*Correspondence to: Yih-Leong Chang, MD, Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 7 Chong-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan 100. E-mail: ntuhylc@gmail.com Or Cher-Wei Liang, MD, Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 7 Chong-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan 100. E-mail: 018511@ntuh.gov. tw