Biomedical Effects of Grape Products

Studies have shown a reverse relationship between regular consumption of fruits and vegetables and the risk of developing certain diseases. This relationship is due to the phytochemical components found in plant products and their biological effects on human health. Phenolic compounds isolated from grapes include catechins, epicatechin, procyanidin and some dimers and trimers. In this review, we briefly examine the potential of grape phenolic compounds in disease prevention. Evidence was shown to support the positive impact of different grape phenolic compounds such as EGCG and anthocyanin, on human health and disease prevention. A grape is a fruiting berry of the deciduous woody the biological system are highly active to react with other vines of the botanical genus Vitis. Grapes can be eaten molecules due to their unpaired electrons. These radicals raw or they can be used for making jam, juice, grape seed are important part of groups of molecules called reactive extract, raisins, vinegar and grape seed oil (1). They are oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), which are produced native to Asia near the Caspian Sea, but they were during cellular metabolism and functional activities and brought to North America and Europe. This plant's have important roles in cell signaling, apoptosis, gene climbing vine has large, jagged leaves and its stem bark expression and ion transportation. However, excessive tends to peel. The grapes may be green, red, or purple (2). ROS attack bases in nucleic acids, amino acid side chains Grapes are known for their high phytochemicals content. in proteins and double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids The term "phytochemicals" refers to a wide variety of and cause oxidative stress, which can damage DNA, compounds made by plants, but is mainly used to RNA, proteins and lipids resulting in an increased risk for describe those compounds that may affect human health. cardiovascular disease, cancer, autism and other diseases. Phytochemicals are found in plant-based foods such as Intracellular antioxidant enzymes and intake of dietary fruits, vegetables, beans and grains. Scientists have antioxidants may help to maintain an adequate antioxidant identified thousands of phytochemicals, although only status in the body (5). In a study, examining Oxygen free small fractions have been studied closely (3). The active radical scavenger capacity in aqueous models of compounds from grape extracts, which include the grape procyanidins from grape seeds (6), Epicatechin 3-O-gallate seed, grape skin and grape juice, that have been identified (EGCG) was found to be an effective compound in thus far include polyphenols such as resveratrol, phenolic trapping oxygen free radicals. Later, in 1994, the acids, anthocyanins and flavonoids. All possess potent antioxidative activity of four anthocyanins isolated from antioxidant properties and have been shown to decrease the Muscat bailey grape was evaluated according to the low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol oxidation and platelet amount of malonaldehyde formed by the autoxidation aggregation. These compounds also possess a range of of linoleic acid in Trizma buffer. Hirotoshi and Yamagami additional cardioprotective actions. Antioxidant (7) found that the monoacylated anthocyanins from the properties of grape polyphenols are likely to be central to grapes can be used as powerful antioxidants and their mechanism(s) of action (4).