Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cerebral Integration of Ocular Movements*

It is customary among us to commemorate great men from time to time by a lecture or discourse relating to their work or to some subject in which they were interested. To-day we meet to pay a tribute to the memory of Victor Horsley, almost on the twenty-second anniversary of his death in the service of his country, while striving for those ideals which characterized his life-the relief of suffering and the defence of liberty. Horsley's name is indelibly inscribed on the records of human achievement. His workas a physiologist is incorporated in the heritageof our knowledge, and he will ever be remembered as a pioneer in the surgery of the net-vops system, which since his day has grown as only his faith could ha, -foreseen. But great though his achievements were in the realm of science, it is his personality which keeps his memory most vividly alive to those of us who had the privilege and good fortune to work with him. We recall his amazing energy, his enthLusiasm for knowledge, the help he gave so liberally to younger colleagues, his kindness and generosity, and his unswerving devotion to the welfare of his fellows. I accept gratefully this opportunity to add my contribution to his memory. The subiect of this lecture' is one to which Horsley's investigations contributed materially ; some of his earliest work defined accurately an area of the cortex by stimulation of which ocular movements could be obtained; later he described the anatomical paths connecting the visual cortex with the oculomotor apparatus in the midbrain; and his latest experiments on the cerebellum, which unfortLinately have never been published in full, dealt with the movements and postures of the eyes which can be elicited on electrical stimulation of this organ or result from lesions of it. There are several categories of ocular movements. In the first place we can move our eyes by an act of volition, bit few of their ordinary movements are in this sense voluntary or the result of a consciotus effort. Any peripheral stimulus, as movement, a flash of light, or a sound, may deviate our eyes involuntarily towards its source, while accurate vision demands accommodation and fusion, ,which is effected by so arranging the visual axes that the images of the object at which we look fall on corresponding parts of the two retinae. Finally, there are the compensatory or adjusting movements by which the eyes are kept directed on an object when either it or our heads move. The upper part of the brain stem contains
[Inhibitory effect of breast cancer metastasis suppressor l gene on metastasis of human ovarian cancer cell in vitro and in vivo].

OBJECTIVE To study the inhibition effects of breast cancer metastasis suppressor l (BRMS1) gene on metastasis of human ovarian cancer cell in vivo and in vitro. METHODS BRMS1 gene was transfected into human ovarian cancer cell line A2780 by liposome transfection method. The cells were divided into 3 groups: transfected group with pcDNA3-BRMS1, negative control group with empty plasmid pcDNA3, blank control group without any transfection. Proliferation, apoptosis, growth rate, capability of colony formation, gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), capability of adhesion, changes of surface and internal structures of cells were observed in vitro. The cells were injected into athymic mice to establish animal tumor models, and inhibition of the tumorigenicity and metastasis were observed in vivo. RESULTS BRMS1 gene was transfected into A2780 cell line successfully. There were no significant differences in the growth rate among transfected group, negative control group and blank control group (P > 0.05). The amounts of cell clones per well were 40 +/- 4 in transfected group, 42 +/- 7 in blank control group and 39 +/- 4 in negative control group (P > 0.05 between each two groups). The ratios of S vs G(2)/M and G(0)/G(1) were not significantly different in three groups (P > 0.05). The ultramicrostructure of cells detected by electron microscope showed that GJIC function in transfected group was higher than that in the other two groups. While in migration assay, the numbers of cells in lower chamber passing through the membrane in transfected group, blank control group and negative control group were 112 +/- 23, 306 +/- 49 and 322 +/- 91, respectively; with significant differences among 3 groups (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION BRMS1 gene could suppress metastasis of ovarian cancer in vitro and in vivo.
Outcomes of an Oral Care Protocol in Postmechanically Ventilated Patients.

BACKGROUND Oral care is standard practice to prevent hospital-associated infections while patients are intubated and in the intensive care unit. Following extubation and transfer, infections remain an important risk for patients, but less attention is paid to oral care. Few studies have assessed the impact of oral care in recently extubated acutely ill patients. AIMS To develop an evidence-based oral care protocol for hospitalized patients and determine the impact of this protocol on health outcomes in recently extubated patients. METHODS In this randomized controlled trial, subjects were randomized to usual care or an intervention protocol that included tooth brushing, tongue scraping, flossing, mouth rinsing, and lip care. Major outcome measures were the revised THROAT (R-THROAT; oral cavity assessment) and overall prevalence of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus on oral cultures. RESULTS Seventy-four subjects were randomized. As measured by the R-THROAT, oral cavity health improved over time in both groups, but the intervention group demonstrated significantly more improvement than the control group (R-THROAT score improved by 1.97 intervention vs. 0.87 control; p = .04). Two categories, tongue and mouth comfort, demonstrated the most significant improvement. There was no difference in MSSA/MRSA colonization between the groups at the conclusion of the study. Overall, subjects in the intervention group were more satisfied with their protocol than subjects in the usual care group. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION This study offers an important evaluation of an oral care protocol after extubation. Results demonstrated improvement in the oral cavity assessment with the designed oral care protocol. Patients expressed a preference for the intervention protocol, which included a battery-operated toothbrush, higher-quality toothpaste and mouth rinse, tongue scraper, floss, and lip balm. The implementation of an oral care protocol specifically addressing patients in the immediate postintubation is essential.
The case for educating health care students in professionalism as the core content of interprofessional education

Background Professional teams are becoming more central to health care as evidence emerges that effective teamwork enhances the quality of patient care. Currently, health care professionals are poorly prepared by their education for their roles on the team. In parallel, there are increasing demands from consumers for health care professionals to serve the interests of society and patients through engaging in effective professional partnerships. Professionalism for health care providers is now being defined as a commitment to standards of excellence in the practice of the profession that are designed primarily to serve the interests of the patient and to be responsive to the health needs of society. Yet, there are multiple barriers impeding the development of professionalism beyond a uni‐professional frame of reference.
A comparative study of sevoflurane and propofol for laryngeal mask airway insertion

Background: Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) is a useful advent in the airway management, filling a niche between the face mask and the tracheal tube in terms of both the anatomical position and the degree of invasiveness. Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic agent which depresses both laryngeal and pharyngeal reflexes and provides profound relaxation of pharyngeal muscles. Incidences of agging coughing, laryngospasm are less while using propofol than thiopentone. Sevoflurane is pleasant smelling, non-irritating to the airway, has a low blood gas solubility coefficient, good muscle relaxant effect, and high inspired concentration can be given without side effects or discomfort. It allows rapid smooth inhalation induction with excellent recovery characteristics. Objective: To compare the quality of the condition provided for successful LMA insertion by sevoflurane induction with propofol induction methods. Materials and Methods: Study was carried out in 100 patients at the New Civil Hospital, Surat. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups comprising of 50 patients each. In Group-P induction with propofol 3 mg/kg intravenously over 30 seconds and in Group-S induction have done with inhalational sevoflurane 8% and nitrous oxide 50% in oxygen. Results: The mean pulse rate before induction in Group-P was 79.92±9.18 beats/min and in Group-S it was 80.96±10.11 beats/min, p>0.05. Following LMA insertion the mean pulse rate increased in both the groups. However, the mean pulse rate did not differ significantly between the groups at any time following LMA insertion, p>0.05. The mean systolic blood pressure before induction in Group-P was 119.92±9.44 mmHg and in Group-S it was 118.40±8.60 mmHg, p>0.05. Comparing the 2 groups, this difference was insignificant. Following LMA insertion the mean systolic blood pressure decreased but mean systolic blood pressure did not differ significantly on comparing both groups at any time following LMA insertion, p>0.05. The mean SPO2% at baseline in Group-P was 99.54±0.89% and in Group-S it was 99.72±12.7%, p>0.05. The mean time for cessation of verbal communication in Group-P was 32.9±7.07 seconds and in Group-S, it was 33.7±5.13 seconds. The mean time to successful LMA insertion in Group-P was 79.4±27.63 seconds and in Group-S, it was 128.5±19.46 seconds, p
The Increasing Importance of Economic Conditions on Fertility

This paper investigates whether there has been a fundamental change in the importance of economic conditions on fertility. Through the 1980s econometric studies had found at best a mixed, neutral or negative effect of economic conditions on fertility. Notably, Butz and Ward (1979) concluded that fertility was counter-cyclical, with fertility falling in good times, as the opportunity costs of childbearing rose. More recently, there have been signs that fluctuations in fertility have been pro-cyclical, with good economic times being associated with higher birth rates, and the recent recession with lower birth rates. In this paper, we use panel methods to study short term changes in aggregate fertility and economic measures in OECD countries from 1976-2008. We find indeed that fertility became positively associated with good economic conditions. Furthermore, the increasing importance of economic conditions was detected for both tempo and quantum.
An apparent excess of sex– and reproduction–related genes on the human X chromosome

We describe here the results of a search of Mendelian inheritance in man, GENDIAG and other sources which suggest that, in comparison with autosomes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 11, the X chromosome may contain a significantly higher number of sex– and reproduction–related (SRR) genes. A similar comparison between X–linked entries and a subset of randomly chosen entries from the remaining autosomes also indicates an excess of genes on the X chromosome with one or more mutations affecting sex determination (e.g. DAXI), sexual differentiation (e.g. androgen receptor) or reproduction (e.g. POFI). A possible reason for disproportionate occurrence of such genes on the X chromosome could be that, during evolution, the ‘choice’ of a particular pair of homomorphic chromosomes for specialization as sex chromosomes may be related to the number of such genes initially present in it or, since sex determination and sexual dimorphism are often gene dose–dependent processes, the number of such genes necessary to be regulated in a dose–dependent manner. Further analysis of these data shows that XAR, the region which has been added on to the short arm of the X chromosome subsequent to eutherian–marsupial divergence, has nearly as high a proportion of SRR genes as XCR, the conserved region of the X chromosome. These observations are consistent with current hypotheses on the evolution of sexually antagonistic traits on sex chromosomes and suggest that both XCR and XAR may have accumulated SRR traits relatively rapidly because of X linkage.
GENETIC ARCHITECTURE OF INBREEDING DEPRESSION AND THE MAINTENANCE OF GAMETOPHYTIC SELF‐INCOMPATIBILITY

Gametophytic self‐incompatibility (GSI) is a widespread genetic system, which enables hermaphroditic plants to avoid self‐fertilization and mating with close relatives. Inbreeding depression is thought to be the major force maintaining SI; however, inbreeding depression is a dynamical variable that depends in particular on the mating system. In this article we use multilocus, individual‐based simulations to examine the coevolution of SI and inbreeding depression within finite populations. We focus on the conditions for the maintenance of SI when self‐compatible (SC) mutants are introduced in the population by recurrent mutation, and compare simulation results with predictions from an analytical model treating inbreeding depression as a fixed parameter (thereby neglecting effects of purging within the SC subpopulation). In agreement with previous models, we observe that the maintenance of SI is associated with high inbreeding depression and is facilitated by high rates of self‐pollination. Purging of deleterious mutations by SC mutants has little effect on the spread of those mutants as long as most deleterious alleles have weak fitness effects: in this case, the genetic architecture of inbreeding depression has little effect on the maintenance of SI. By contrast, purging may greatly enhance the spread of SC mutants when deleterious alleles have strong fitness effects.
A Neural Network Online Controller for Autonomous Underwater Vehicle

Designing a control law for Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) has been a considerable challenge from classical and modern control view point. Neural Network based control is seen as an emerging technology for intelligent control of complex system. Here we consider an approach to model the controller for the AUV using Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN). RNN had been selected to model the system as it has very good capability to incorporate the dynamics of the system. The AUV dynamic equations had been modeled to obtain the data required for training the neural network. A controller has been developed which can learn change in the dynamics on the fly. Results have been shown for online learning controller. Back Propagation Algorithm had been used in upgrading the controller weights during online learning control techniques.
Surgical treatment of ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome with intra-thoracic tumor.

BACKGROUND The study was to review the clinical manifestations and laboratory examinations of ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) syndrome, and to analyze the efficacy of surgical treatment. METHODS The clinical data, surgical therapy, and outcome of 23 cases of ectopic ACTH syndrome accompanied by intra-thoracic tumors were reviewed. The tumors were removed from all the patients according to the principles of radical resection. RESULTS The tumors were confirmed as associated with ectopic ACTH secretion in 19 cases. Hyperglycemia and hypokalemia were recovered, while plasma cortisol, plasma ACTH and 24-hour urinary free cortisol (UFC) levels were significantly reduced after surgery in these 19 cases. Recurrences of the disease were found in six cases during following-up, and five of them died. CONCLUSIONS The thoracic cavity should be a focus in routine examinations of patients with symptoms of Cushing's syndrome (CS), because ectopic ACTH-producing tumors are commonly found in bronchus/lung and mediastinum. Despite the incidence of the pulmonary nodule secondary to opportunistic infection in some cases, surgery is still the first choice if the tumor is localized. The surgical procedure should be performed according to the principles in resection of lung cancer and mediastinal tumor. The surgical efficacy is significant for short-term periods; however, the recurrence of the disease in long-term periods is in great part related to distal metastasis or relapse of the tumor.
Differential Evolution Based Selective Ensemble of Extreme Learning Machine

Extreme learning machine (ELM) for single-hidden-layer feedforward neural networks has been widely used in classification and regression for its fast learning speed. However, a single ELM suffers from problems of stability and overfitting. Ensemble approach can effectively resolve these problems. This paper proposes a selective ensemble learning algorithm based on differential evolution (DE) for classification problem. In the proposed algorithm, ELM is selected as base classifier, and then DE algorithm is employed as the optimization technique to construct an ensemble learning model by combining base classifiers. The weights of each base classifier in the ensemble are optimized by DE algorithm. Finally, several base classifiers with larger weights are selected to form the ensemble for making decision. Experimental results on 14 benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the classification accuracy and generalization ability.
Re-investigation of the Anthraquinone Pool of Rhamnus spp.: Madagascin from the Fruits of Rhamnus cathartica and R. intermedia

As a continuation of our ongoing studies aimed at revealing the presence of oxyprenylated anthraquinones in plants belonging to the genus Rhamnus, in this paper we describe the extraction and HPLC separation of madagascin (3-isopentenyloxyemodin) from the fruits of R. cathartica L. and R. intermedia Steud. & Hochst. The title compound is described herein for the first time as a component of fruit extracts of Rhamnus species.
Airborne Solutions for True Net-Centric Connectivity at the Tactical Edge

Terms like "connectivity" have a variety of meanings and connotations in the realm of tactical communications. The author attempts to define what is entailed in "net-centric connectivity" and sets out to explore technology options to support interoperability for the tactical communication links currently in service on military airborne platforms. Both the U.S. domestic and international military communities are recognizing the importance of interfacing between modern and legacy communication systems - between internet-protocol (IP) and non-IP-based networks. The author contends that the process of moving towards total-IP networks can only occur through a phased evolution, and addresses what technologies are needed to begin the process. The author also addresses the needs for both data and network management within this evolutionary path and explores the nature of the software and machine intelligence that will need to be employed in order to make the Net-Centric environment a reality.
A Fully Self-Contained Logarithmic Closed-Loop Deep Brain Stimulation SoC With Wireless Telemetry and Wireless Power Management

Although closed-loop deep brain stimulation (DBS) promises treatment of many neurological disorders, an implantable system-on-chip (SoC) implementing an effective closed-loop DBS algorithm has not been demonstrated. This work introduces a logarithmic, closed-loop DBS system that detects and processes low-frequency brain field signals to control and adapt stimulation currents. The system records and processes neural signals with four low-noise neural amplifier (LNA) channels, a multiplexed logarithmic ADC, and two high-pass and two low-pass digital logarithmic filters. Logarithmic processing saves power and achieves high dynamic range. A logarithmic domain digital signal processor (DSP) and PI-controller controls eight current stimulator channels and enables closed-loop stimulation. An RF transceiver, a clock generator, and a power harvester are also included in the system to achieve a complete implantable SoC. The 4 mm2 180 nm CMOS prototype consumes a total of 468 μW for recording and processing neural signals, for stimulation, and for two-way wireless communication.
Second primary malignancies among patients with soft tissue tumors in Sweden

Survival from soft tissue tumors (STTs) has been improved because of the successful treatment. One of the late sequelae in STT survivors is the development of a second malignancy. The present study aimed at quantifying risks for second malignancies in patients with STTs, and risks for second STTs after other primary malignancies. Adjusted standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), calculated from the Swedish Family‐Cancer Database, were used as a measure of risk. Among 6,671 primary STT patients, a total of 650 second malignancies occurred. Besides second STTs, other cancer sites with an increased SIR were the nervous system, endocrine glands, skin (melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma) and prostate; the risk for non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) was also increased. The overall risk of second malignancies decreased in the following order: fibrosarocma (1.63) > myxosarcoma (1.48) > leiomyosarcoma (1.44) > liposarcoma (1.21). An increased risk of second STTs after primary cancers of the bone, ovary, nervous system, cervix, thyroid gland, skin, endometrium, breast, upper aerodigestive tract, and after Hodgkin disease, NHL and leukemia was also noted. This study showed that the incidence of second primary malignancies in patients with STTs was increased, but the SIRs varied among specific cancer sites. Besides therapeutic effects, the associations between STTs and bone and nervous system tumors suggested that cancer syndromes, such as neurofibromatosis type 1 and Li–Fraumeni syndrome, may partly explain the excesses. The associations of STTs with cancers of the skin (squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma) and with NHL may be related to immunodeficiency. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Babesia (Theileria) annae in a Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) from Prince Edward Island, Canada

A 4–6-mo-old female red fox (Vulpes vulpes) was presented to the Atlantic Veterinary College (AVC) Teaching Hospital, Prince Edward Island, Canada. On presentation, the fox was weak and had pale mucous membranes. A complete blood count and a serum biochemistry profile were performed. Blood smear examination revealed low numbers of erythrocytes containing centrally to paracentrally located, single, rarely multiple, approximately 1×2 μm, oval to round organisms with morphology similar to Babesia microti. Polymerase chain reaction testing and DNA sequencing of the Babesia species 18S rRNA gene were performed on DNA extracted from whole blood. Results were positive for a Babesia microti–like parasite genetically identical to Babesia (Theileria) annae. The fox was euthanized due to poor prognosis for recovery. Necropsy examination revealed multifocal to locally extensive subacute nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis, an eosinophilic bronchopneumonia, a moderate diffuse vacuolar hepatopathy, and lesions associated with blunt trauma to the left abdominal region. This is the first reported case of a red fox in Canada infected with a piroplasm. It remains uncertain whether the presence of this hemoparasite in this fox was pathogenic or an incidental finding. The potential for competent vectors of Babesia species on Prince Edward Island, the potential for this Babesia microti–like parasite to infect other wild and domestic canids, and the significance of this parasite to the health of infected individuals are yet to be determined.