Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On General Methods for Proving Reduction Properties of Typed Lambda Terms (Proof theoretical study of the structure of logic and computation)

A general method for proving properties of typed lambda terms is developed by adapting proof of strong normalization without the reducibility method. It is applicable to not only normalization but also other reduction properties such as confluence and standardization. A comparison is made between known general conditions for applying the reducibility method and our approach. The method is extended to systems for intersection types with and without the type constant $\omega$ .
Radiographic signs of bone mineral density in panoramic radiographs from pre and postmenopausal patients.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of panoramic radiographs (PR) and their radiomorphometric indices as an auxiliary method for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Material and Methods: Twenty five women were selected, who had been prescribed PR for different purposes. The PR were analysed according to the MCI, which evaluates the mandibular cortex below the mental foramen, and then divided into two groups: normal and bone mineral loss. Bone densitometry scans were obtained (DXA) from the lumbar spine and neck of the femur/whole femur, which were used as the gold standard for comparison against the MCI. Kappa test (p<0.05) was used to determine the association between the MCI and bone densitometry readings. Results: Regarding the DXA, 7 patients were normal at the lumbar spine or femur, 24 subjects showed osteopenia at the lumbar spine or femur and 9 subjects had osteoporosis at the lumbar spine or femur. Regarding the association between DXA and MCI, 18 subjects showed some degree of bone loss at the spine detected by both DXA and the Klemetti index. Conclusions: PR may be useful to assess the risk of such diseases being present.
Two-signed feedback of cross-isthmus moisture transport on glacial overturning controlled by the Atlantic warm pool

This paper studies the control of the Atlantic Warm Pool (AWP) on atmospheric moisture transport across the Central American isthmus as a potential feedback on rapid glacial climate fluctuations. Defined as a region of the Atlantic with surface temperatures above 28.5 °C, the modern AWP expands from the tropical Northwest Atlantic up to the Gulf of Mexico during boreal summer. Due to enhanced deep convection over these warm waters, changes in AWP area cause inverse changes in the strength of the Caribbean low level jet. This low level jet drives atmospheric moisture transport from the Atlantic across the Central American isthmus towards the Pacific. Changes in cross-isthmus moisture transport, potentially related to the AWP, may therefore have affected North Atlantic salinity and the partly density driven Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) during the glacial. Based on available proxy evidence we hypothesize that the AWP evolved independent of extratropical North Atlantic temperatures during most of the last glacial, except during periods of AMOC collapse when intense extratropical North Atlantic cooling may have limited eastward AWP expansion. We investigate the implications of this hypothesis for cross-isthmus moisture transport by simulating the coupled ocean-atmosphere response to AMOC collapse and the atmospheric sensitivity to additional variations in AWP area. Our simulations suggest that a decrease in AWP area may increase cross-isthmus moisture transport, whereas extratropical North Atlantic cooling beside a persistent AWP may decrease cross-isthmus moisture transport. Interpretation of these effects throughout an idealized Bond Cycle suggests a positive feedback of reduced cross-isthmus moisture transport in response to Greenland cooling prior to AMOC collapse. During AMOC collapse, when AWP expansion is proposed to have been inhibited, this positive feedback turns negative as enhanced cross-isthmus moisture transport may help AMOC recovery. Supported by reconstructed sea surface salinity changes, we propose that the AWP may have played a key role in the glacial climate by acting as a gatekeeper to regulate moisture transport across the Central American isthmus.
A multi-intersection model and signal timing plan algorithm for urban traffic signal control

AbstractThe urban traffic signal control system is complex, non-linear and non-equilibrium in real conditions. The existing methods could not satisfy the requirement of real-time and dynamic control. In order to solve these difficulties and challenges, this paper proposes a novel Multi-Intersection Model (MIM) based on Cellular Automata (CA) and a Multi-Intersection Signal Timing Plan Algorithm (MISTPA), which can reduce the delay time at each intersection and effectively alleviate the traffic pressure on each intersection in the urban traffic network. Our work is divided into several parts: (1) a multi-intersection model based on CA is defined to build the dynamic urban traffic network; (2) MISTPA is proposed, which truly reflects the real-time demand degree to green time of the traffic flow at each intersection. The MISTPA is composed Single Intersection Volume Algorithm (SIVA), Single-Lane Volume Algorithm (SLVA) and single intersection signal timing plan algorithm (SISTPA). Extensive experiments show .
The Making of Science Smart i-THINK: Science Expert Teachers’ Evaluation

Science Smart i-Think is an interactive pedagogical tool that was created to facilitate the learning of science among 30 year five rural primary pupils, specifically on the topic Earth, Moon and Sun. The application was intended to enhance higher order thinking skills (HOTS) based on ADDIE model, advanced organizer and mastery learning. It incorporates the following eight thinking maps: circle map, bubble map, double bubble map, tree map, brace map, flow map, multi-flow map and bridge map. Reviewers provided favourable responses on various features in the application (e.g. animation, user-friendliness) that make learning interesting and effective.
Discrete Element Method Modeling of Ball Mills - Liner Wear Evolution

Ball mills, i.e. rotating cylindrical drums filled with a feed material and metal balls, also known as the charge, are a major category of grinding devices in mineral processing and cement production. Since the grinding process is excessively energy-intensive and aggressive in terms of wear, a profiled and wear-resistant liner is installed in the mill to transfer energy to the grinding charge more efficiently and to protect the mill shell. Because of the harsh environment inside of the mill and the relatively long lifespan of its liner, the optimization of this liner by the classical way, i.e. experimental testing, is a difficult and slow process. A numerical procedure for predicting the charge motion and the power draw of a ball mill based on the discrete element method (DEM) was therefore calibrated and validated by means of photographs of the charge, and power draw measurements of a 1:5-scale laboratory mill. This computational method essentially renders future experimental testing unnecessary with respect to these characteristics. On the basis of this first method, a generic process for predicting the wear distribution and the progressive shape evolution of liner surfaces is developed and validated by the wear profiles of the shell liner in the first chamber of a 5.8 m diameter cement mill monitored during a decade by Magotteaux International S.A. The energy dissipated by tangential damping defined by the linear spring-slider-damper DEM contact law was found to be the best fitting wear model with respect to the real wear data. The progressive update of the liner geometry by a multi-step procedure delivers relatively accurate results for liners without axial height variation while further investigations are still required for almost fully variable geometries. Nevertheless, detailed phenomena, like the creation of grooves in the liner, were for the first time numerically modeled.
Making a difference for minorities: Evaluation of an educational enrichment program - eScholarship

A comprehensive, quantitative evaluation of an educational intervention program designed to reduce the attrition of minorities from the biological sciences was undertaken to ascertain whether such efforts adequately address the problem. Program participants had greater odds of persisting in basic math and science courses, and of graduating in biology, than did a comparison group, controlling for demoaphics and academic preparation. Undergraduate research greatly increased the odds of positive graduation outcomes. Program participants were also more likely to pursue graduate study than were university graduates overall. This evaluation demonstrates the value of such programs in increasing the representation of minorities in science. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Oleylamine Assisted Synthesis of Ultralong Copper Nanowires

This paper reports the hydrothermal synthesis of smooth and ultralong copper nanowires (Cu NW) prepared using oleylamine (OM), oleic acid (OA), and Cl - ion as coordinating and etching agents respectively. Cu nanowires with mean diameters around 82.3 nm and lengths exceeding 300 μm were synthesized using 2 % vol. OM and 1.8 mM OA at 120oC after 12 h. The Cu NWs exhibit five-fold twinning and growth along the [110] direction. The morphological evolution of the products were also observed and discussed. Without Cl - , octahedral crystals instead of nanowires were formed. The addition of oleic acid as coordinating agent resulted to fewer particles and smoother nanowires which exhibit excellent mechanical stability. This method provides a simple, low-cost and high yield synthesis of Cu NWs for applications such as gas sensors and transparent conducting electrodes.
Self-Consistent Density Estimation in the Presence of Errors-in-Variables

This paper considers the estimation of the common probability density of independent and identically distributed variables observed with additive measurement errors. The self-consistent estimator of the density function is constructed when the error distribution is known, and a modification of the self-consistent estimation is proposed when the error distribution is unknown. The consistency properties of the proposed estimators and the upper bounds of the mean square error and mean integrated square error are investigated under some suitable conditions. Simulation studies are carried out to assess the performance of our proposed method and compare with the usual deconvolution kernel method. Two real datasets are analyzed for further illustration.
NAFTA Country Impacts: 25 Years After Implementation

This study reviews research on various aspects of trade, free trade agreements, and NAFTA specifically. With the twenty-fifth anniversary of the NAFTA enactment in January of 2019 between Canada, Mexico and the U.S., it is an opportune time to review some of the history and expectations leading up to the agreement. The economic performances of the three countries are also evaluated over the twenty-five year study time frame. Eleven metrics are used to make a general assessment as to whether the actual country performances matched the expectations. Based on the data, NAFTA was a positive influence on the three countries. Tariffs were reduced; FDI was increased; trade grew between the three countries especially intermediate trade related to supply chains; savings rates increased; inflation was reduced; unemployment also fell for two of the three countries while GDP per person soared for those same two countries. In summary, NAFTA was a success.
Determinants of Audit Report Lag and Corporate Governance in Malaysia

Inevitably, an accurate and timely financial statement contributes enormously to the success of many organizations. Therefore, accuracy and availability about financial information is vital for investors and shareholders in order to ease their decision making process. This paper aims to analyze the relation between the characteristics of corporate governance; board independence, ownership concentration, audit committee independence, expertise, meeting, size, internal audit investment and audit report lag among companies listed under Bursa Malaysia. The samples covered are among 180 companies listed at Bursa Malaysia for 2009 and 2010. The samples were chosen randomly from 843 companies, the population. Descriptive statistics have been used to provide better perception of the length of time needed by an auditor, to complete an audit. The results show that in average, the companies took about 100 days to complete their audit report with maximum and minimum days of 148 days and 26 days respectively. In addition, regression analysis was used to provide empirical evidence on which variables had strong bonding with audit report lag. The outcomes elicit that audit committee size, ownership concentration; organization size and profitability are significantly associated with audit report lag. However the other six variables (audit committee independence, meetings, expertise and types of auditors) were found to have insignificant relationship with audit report lag.
Integrated modelling of business process models and business rules: a research agenda

Process models are the basis for a wide range of critical activities within an organisation. It is not surprising then that process models, and the act of process modelling, have been the focus of much research over the last two decades. Recent research indicates, however, that common process modelling notations lack sufficient representation for capturing business rules. Although the need for business processes and business rules to be modelled in an integrated manner is well established, the body of knowledge on integrated modelling of the two is limited. In this paper our aim is to review the state of related research and develop a research agenda, based on a systematic review of related literature, to advance research in this field. We present a consolidated view of the benefits of rule and process model integration, together with an overview of current related approaches, and a research agenda going forward.
GENETIC MAPPING OF OLIGOGENIC TRAITS USING MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS - BACKCROSSING POPULATIONS

The qualitative nature and epistatic interaction underlying the oligogenic inheritance pattern should not be interpreted by traditional methods for QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) detection. The objective of this study is to propose an alternative method for oligogenic loci detection– OTL (Oligogenic Trait Loci). In the Oligogenic Trait Mapping Method (O.T.M.M.), maximum likelihood probability functions were used to obtain “r” estimates, that express the distance among the molecular markers and the OTL loci, adjusted to the data using conditional probabilities of occurrence of the molecular markers and the OTL loci. Results show that the method was adequate for OTL detection even in relatively small backcrossing populations. Comparative analysis showed that the “r” O.T. M.M. estimates were more accurate than the single marker and simple interval mapping estimates. The O.T. M.M. does not need previous information on marker order in the linkage groups and is not affected by the presence of more than one QTL in a same linkage group.
ethods and tools for integrated assessment of land use policies on sustainable evelopment in developing countries

For stimulating sustainable development in developing countries, land use patterns and land use changes are considered critical, and therefore effective and efficient land use policies are needed. In this paper we present a methodological framework that has been developed in a joint European and developing countries project (LUPIS – Land Use Policies and Sustainable Development in Developing Countries), to assess the impact of land use policies on sustainable development in developing countries. An illustrative application is presented for a case study in China, where water pollution due to agriculture in Taihu Basin
Value added created by industry "Education" in Baltic states and Finland

The goal of this paper is to carry out a comparative analysis of value added as part of total output created by the industry P85 (Education) in the Baltic States and Finland in order to find an answer to the following question: “How realistic is a significant value added increase by the industry P85 in Latvia in the nearest years? ” The empirical material of the research is the National Input-Output Tables for the Period 20002014 available on the World Input-Output Database with its unified structured statistical information in monetary terms. The theoretical background of the current research is the Input-Output analysis, which is further explored, for example, in the book Input-Output Analysis. Foundations and Extensions by Ronald E. Miller and Peter D. Blair and in some other scientific publications as well. The original version of the Input-Output model created by the author allows to calculate and to interpret the interindustry coefficients, Leontief inverse, allocation coefficients and Ghosh inverse. The author conducts a comparative analysis of direct and total linkages, backward and forward linkages of the industry P85 in the Baltic States and Finland in 2014 to estimate the impact of the increasing gross output in P85 on the national economy. The discussion part and conclusions of the paper are devoted to indetifying the most important factors, which cause significant growth of value added of the industry P85 in Latvia. The main conclusion: the most realistic way to attain an increase in value added of the industry P85 in Latvia is to encourage the export component of final demand with the help of well-organized higher education marketing.
Variational Convergence of IP-DGFEM

In this paper, we develop the theory required to perform a variational convergence analysis for discontinuous Galerkin nite element methods when applied to minimization problems. For Sobolev indices in $\left[1;\infty\right)$, we prove generalizations of many techniques of classical analysis in Sobolev spaces and apply them to a typical energy minimization problem for which we prove convergence of a variational interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin nite element method (VIPDGFEM). Our main tool in this analysis is a theorem which allows the extraction of a "weakly" converging subsequence of a family of discrete solutions and which shows that any "weak limit" is a Sobolev function.
Antifungal activity of medicinal plants with special reference to antidermatophytic activity: A review

Traditional medicine is useful and without any side effect like the chemical medicine. Various phytoconstituents have been reported to be present in plants which are antidermatophytic. Dermatophytoses are mycoses that affect keratinized tissues in both humans and animals. Development of more effective and less toxic antifungal agents is required for the treatment of dermatophytosis. Plants and their extraction preparations have been used as medicines against infectious diseases. Therefore, nature has provided such a great wealth medicinal plants which are helpful to control a number of serious mycoses, animals in general and in human beings in particular. The present review attempts to furnish a brief overview of antifungal and antidermatophytic properties of medicinal plants.
Realising the affective potential of patents: a new model of database interpretation for user-centred design

ABSTRACT This research sets out a new interpretation of the patent database using affective design parameters. While this resource contains a vast quantity of technical information, its extraction and use in practical design settings is extremely challenging. Until now, all filing and subsequent landscaping or profiling of patents has been based on their technical characteristics. We set out an alternative approach that utilises crowdsourcing to first summarise patents and then applies text analysis tools to assess the summarising text in relation to three affective parameters: appearance, ease of use, and semantics. The results been used to create novel patent clusters that provide an alternative perspective on relevant technical data, and support user-centric engineering design. The workflow and tasks to effectively interface with the crowd are outlined, and the process for harvesting and processing responses using a combination of manual and computational analysis is reviewed. The process creates sets of descriptive words for each patent which differ significantly from those created using only functional requirements, and support a new paradigm for the use of big data in engineering design – one that utilises desirable affective qualities as the basis for scouring and presenting relevant functional patent information for concept generation and development.
CROSSING POINT CRASH CAUTIONING (CPCC) SYSTEM FOR VEHICLES AND AGGREGATING TRAFFIC INFORMATION THROUGH VANET APPLICATION TO AVOID ACCIDENT

- In the later years after independence the amount of vehicles along these lines extended however over the latest two decades, it spreads certainly in each level of the overall population consequently, security transforms into the standard concern. Due to more number of vehicles there is heavy traffic occurs and accidents are increasing in each urban and provincial territories. One proposed answer for this issue is by means of Vehicular Ad-hoc network (VANET) that capable vehicles to trade data inside a system without the need of introducing any framework along the roadside. Thus, there is a requirement for a solid constant cautioning framework that can ready drivers of a potential crash. Subsequently, there is a prerequisite for a strong steady alerted structure that can prepared drivers of a potential crash. CPCC uses Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) for identifying and exchanging cautioning data to drivers to anticipate mischances. The framework is sent into convergence roadways and bolsters ongoing counteractive action by checking the traffic density and giving a notice framework to drivers when there is heavy traffic. If incase there is any accident the message could send automatically to nearby hospital and police station by the intelligent node in the CPCC system. Based on the NS2 simulation software the performance of the vehicles are clearly evaluated and the analysis will gives the efficient output.
In vitro Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of selected Moroccan medicinal plants -

The aim of the present study was to examine the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of three Moroccan ethno medicinally important plants. The antioxidant activity was performed using β-Carotene bleaching assay, DPPH, ABTS and Ferric reducing assays. In vitro anti-inflammatory assays were also studied through the evaluation of membrane stabilization potential and inhibition of protein denaturation. Results revealed that Lawsonia inermis L leaves extract had significantly higher phenolics-content (5.23 g GAE/100g DW) and exhibited the highest antioxidant activity based on DPPH (IC50 = 18.26 µg/mL). The highest flavonoids content was found in Rosa damascena. L flower (3.97 RE/100g DW) which shows the highest antioxidant activity based on ABTS (30.39 mmol TE/100g DW), FRAP (38.54 mmol TE/100gDW) and β-Carotene bleaching assay (IC50 = 56.33 µg/mL). Concerning the anti-inflammatory potency, the highest membrane stabilization effect was found in Rosa damascena. L flower (IC50 = 125.02 µg/mL) and the highest anti-denaturation of protein effect was found in Lawsonia inermis L leaves extract (IC50 = 103.21 µg/mL). Consequently, to conclude flavonoids and related phenolics present in studied plant materials may possibly be responsible for the important anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.