Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
T OWARDS P OWERFUL G RAPH N EURAL N ETWORKS : D IVERSITY M ATTERS

Graph neural networks (GNNs) offer us an effective framework for graph representation learning via layer-wise neighborhood aggregation. Their success is attributed to their expressive power at learning representation of nodes and graphs. To achieve GNNs with high expressive power, existing methods mainly resort to complex neighborhood aggregation functions, e.g., designing injective aggregation function or using multiple aggregation functions. Consequently, their expressive power is limited by the capability of aggregation function, which is tricky to determine in practice. To combat this problem, we propose a novel framework, namely diverse sampling, to improve the expressive power of GNNs. For a target node, diverse sampling offers it diverse neighborhoods, i.e., rooted sub-graphs, and the representation of target node is finally obtained via aggregating the representation of diverse neighborhoods obtained using any GNN model. High expressive power is guaranteed by the diversity of different neighborhoods. We use classical GNNs (i.e., GCN and GAT) as base models to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed framework. Experiments are conducted at multi-class node classification task on three benchmark datasets and multi-label node classification task on a dataset collected in this paper. Extensive experiments demonstrate the proposed method consistently improve the performance of base GNN models. The proposed framework is applicable to any GNN models and thus is general for improving the expressive power of GNNs.
Correlation of Salivary Glucose level with Blood Glucose Level in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a systemic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia either due to insulin resistance or insulin deficiency. This can lead to many serious life-threatening complications if not managed properly by regular monitoring of glycemic status. Prevalence of fear of needles in the society make people non-compliant to regular monitoring. Thus, there is a need for a non-invasive method for determining the glycemic status of the individual. Salivary Glucose has the potential to be one such tool. This study aimed to find whether a correlation between fasting blood glucose levels and fasting salivary glucose levels could be established in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. 50 patients with DM and 50 patients without DM were studied. 5 ml of venous blood and 5 ml of unstimulated saliva after overnight fasting were collected from each participant and processed using standardized enzymatic methods. The data was analyzed using SPSS software. There was a strong and very significant positive correlation (r=0.800, p=0.001) between fasting salivary glucose levels and fasting blood glucose levels in patients with DM whereas the correlation was weak and insignificant in patients without DM (r=0.111, p=0.441). The cut off value for diagnosing DM was found to be ˃ 2.2mg/dl with 100% specificity and 100% sensitivity.
Play vocalisations and human laughter: a comparative review

ABSTRACT Complex social play is well-documented across many animals. During play, animals often use signals that facilitate beneficial interactions and reduce potential costs, such as escalation to aggression. Although greater focus has been given to visual play signals, here we demonstrate that vocalisations constitute a widespread mode of play signalling across species. Our review indicates that vocal play signals are usually inconspicuous, although loud vocalisations, which suggest a broadcast function, are present in humans and some other species. Spontaneous laughter in humans shares acoustic and functional characteristics with play vocalisations across many species, but most notably with other great apes. Play vocalisations in primates and other mammals often include sounds of panting, supporting the theory that human laughter evolved from an auditory cue of laboured breathing during play. Human social complexity allowed laughter to evolve from a play-specific vocalisation into a sophisticated pragmatic signal that interacts with a large suite of other multimodal social behaviours in both intragroup and intergroup contexts. This review provides a foundation for detailed comparative analyses of play vocalisations across diverse taxa, which can shed light on the form and function of human laughter and, in turn, help us better understand the evolution of human social interaction.
Comparison of disinfectants for drinking water: chlorine gas vs. on-site generated chlorine

The feasibility of on-site generated chlorine (OSG chlorine) as an alternative disinfectant to chlorine gas was evaluated in terms of total organic carbon (TOC) removal, disinfection efficiency, biofilm control, disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation, chlorine decay rate, and volatility. Chlorine gas decreased the pH of the treated water by -0.1 per mg/L of free available chlorine (FAC) while OSG chlorine increased the pH by + 0.06 per mg/L. OSG chlorine with more hypochlorite ion (OCl-) at higher pH was less effective in the inactivation of suspended bacteria and TOC removal but remained in the distribution system longer and controlled biofilm formation more effectively than chlorine gas. The DBPs formation by OSG chlorine was not significantly different from that by chlorine gas except for the reduction of Haloacetonitriles. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) was more volatile than OCl-, indicating the lower volatility of FAC in the OSG chlorine-treated water. Two types of OSG systems, “Mixed oxidants” and OSG hypochlorite, did not show any significant difference in disinfection, DBPs formation, and chlorine decay rate (paired t-test, p = 0.40, 0.11 ~ 0.70, > 0.42). A significant synergy effect by oxidants other than FAC cannot be expected in the use of “mixed oxidants” at a water treatment plant.
Evaluation of the content of phenolic acids and their antioxidant activity in winter cereal seeds

Grains of three cultivars of each cereal: winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. – Tonacja, Bogatka, Satyna), winter rye ( Secale cereae L. – Stanko, Dańkowskie Złote , Amilo) and winter barley ( Hordeum sativum L. – Laverola, Mertada, Merk) were examined. In addition, phenolic acids were identified in these grains, and the content of the identified acids, i.e. ferulic, vanillic, p -cou- maric, protocatechuic, p -hydroxybenzoic, syringic, sinapic and caffeic, was determined. The antioxidant properties of phenolic acids were examined using the free radical scavenging method against a stable 2.2-diphenyl-1-pikrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH). The antiradical efficiency of phenolic acids depended on the duration of a reaction and genotype-specific properties. The data showed that different winter cereal seed extracts were able to quench 15-47% of DPPH radical solution and to exhibit potent radical scavenging activity. Results of the determinations of the content of phenolic acids in grains of the cultivars correlated with the activity of their extracts. The tested cereal grains were characterized by different levels of the identified phenolic acids, depending on the generic and specific characteristics. Differences in the content of phenolic acids may be subject to genetic traits, environmental factors and different analytical procedures. Ce-real kernels with a higher phenolic acid content also exhibited a higher antioxidant activity of extracts with these compounds. Kernels of winter barley cv. Metaxa with a higher content of phenolic acids were also characterized by higher antioxidant activity than those of cvs. Merle and Laverola. The lowest content of phenolic acids was observed in winter rye cv. Stanko. 5-day seedlings showed a statistically significant increase in phenolic acids (ferulic, p -coumaric, proto-catechuic, p -syringic, sinapic and caffeic) and the high antioxidant activity. Winter cereal seed extracts were able to quench 15-47% of DPPH radical solution and exhibited potent radical scavenging activity.
Principal Component Analysis and Autoencoders

An orthogonal matrix is a square matrix whose columns and rows are orthogonal unit vectors, i.e., orthonormal vectors. That is, if a matrix Q is an orthogonal matrix, we have QQ = QQ = I. It leads to Q−1 = Q , which is a very useful property as it provides an easy way to compute the inverse. For an orthogonal n × n matrix Q = [q1, q2, . , qn], where qi ∈ R, i = 1, 2, . , n, it is easy to see that qi qj = 0 when i 6= j and qi qi = 1. Furthermore, suppose Q1 = [q1, q2, . , qi] and Q2 = [qi+1, qi+2, . , qn], we have Q T 1 Q1 = I , Q T 2 Q2 = I , but Q1Q T 1 6= I , Q2Q T 2 6= I .
Towards a Digital Window Interpenetrations, Challenges and Potential of Augmented Reality in Architecture

The present work has as its starting point and inspiration in the observation of the habit of staying at the window, mostly performed by older adults, in Lisbon, Portugal. Beginning from this habit, we seek to substantiate, develop, and record speculative and artistic visual experiments that propose a digital reinterpretation of the architectural element window. Such experiments deal with the intertwining of diverse concepts as hybrid architecture, material, digital, virtual, and augmented reality (AR). The experiment, entitled Projected Windows , consists of three different installations where we visually simulate, through image capture and projection, various possibilities of visual reinterpretations of the window in the context of the interior of dwellings. The experiment is based on digital imaging. The first two parts of the experiment are non-interactive AR experience, while the third one is a visual interactive AR experience. The project is in the initial phases of development, indicating the potential of correlating concepts, which allow to fundament experiences and visual narratives that can instigate greater advances in terms of interactivity as the work progresses.
An Image of Society

Algorithmically-mediated content is both a product and producer of dominant social narratives, and it has the potential to impact users' beliefs and behaviors. We present two studies on the content and impact of gender and racial representation in image search results for common occupations. In Study 1, we compare 2020 workforce gender and racial composition to that reflected in image search. We find evidence of underrepresentation on both dimensions: women are underrepresented in search at a rate of 42% women for a field with 50% women; people of color are underrepresented with 16% in search compared to an occupation with 22% people of color (the latter being proportional to the U.S. workforce). We also compare our gender representation data with that collected in 2015 by Kay et al., finding little improvement in the last half-decade. In Study 2, we study people's impressions of occupations and sense of belonging in a given field when shown search results with different proportions of women and people of color. We find that both axes of representation as well as people's own racial and gender identities impact their experience of image search results. We conclude by emphasizing the need for designers and auditors of algorithms to consider the disparate impacts of algorithmic content on users of marginalized identities.
A study to assess the effectiveness of breathing exercises on selected pulmonary parameters on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at selected hospitals Chennai

The most frequent chronic lung disease characterized by increased resistivity to airflow as a result of airway obstruction. A study to assess the effectiveness of breathing exercises on selected pulmonary parameters on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. To assess the pulmonary function before administering breathing exercises, to assess the pulmonary function after administering breathing exercises. The research design used in this study was quasi-experimental, two groups before and after design. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was followed to allow the samples to an experimental and control group. The tool contains 3 parts part A-demographic variables, part B-measurement of pulmonary parameters and part C-self-instructional module on breathing exercises. The practicing of breathing exercise was found to be effective in improving the pulmonary parameters. Younger age patients gained more breathing hold time after practicing breathing exercise. Non-smokers gained more chest expansion and PEFR after practicing breathing exercise. The results of the study were concluded that selected breathing exercises (Pursed lip and Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise) given to the COPD patients was effective to improve in their pulmonary parameters.
Towards a Standardization of Computational Models of Affect: OWL and Machine Learning

Computational models of affect (CMAS), in their most common form, cannot take into account the qualitative (phenomenal) dimension of affect itself. Their expressivity can be extended, thus promoting the much sought-after standardization in the most theory-neutral way, using OWL (Web Ontology Language) and machine learning techniques. OWL is an expressive formal language, as well as an established open standard, and can be used to describe the models, possibly including qualitative entities at the fundamental level. The supervised machine learning techniques allow the direct learning and application of models described as OWL ontologies. Thanks to human supervision (e.g. using datasets labeled by a human user), they can take into account the qualitative dimension of affect when the models warrant it. To further promote the aforementioned standardization, the task of classifying texts according to their affective content (known in computer science as "sentiment analysis") can be recommended as a way to assess the performance of the models. It is a multifaceted task, in which usually divergent fields as philosophy, psychology and computer science meet. Moreover, since it is a very current task in computer science, there are many resources available to facilitate the development of a standard benchmark for CMAS.
SCADA Based Remote Monitoring and Control of Pressure & Flow in Fluid Transport System Using IMC-PID Controller

: Ubiquitous sensing enabled for monitoring and control in the industrial sector are mostly WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) based systems or SCADA systems. WSN based systems are homogenous or compatible systems and they support coordinated communication and transparency among regions and processes. Hence in order to enhance the proprietary of remote monitoring and control technology, this paper emphasizes the development of architecture with local intelligent using IMC based PID controller can be integrated with DCS/SCADA and this research work spectacle only the development and application of Local Intelligence architecture for remote monitoring and control of concerned field parameters. This proposed local intelligence tactic governs the input and output from a hardware platform positioned on a process plant, organize added processing power for meticulous analysis in the control center by the use of software integration, data acquisition and logging on a created hybrid database, and spectacle significant processed post-data statistics to operators via a standard DCS/SCADA HMI. The established local intelligence is experimentally validated in the lab scale experimental fluid transport system to monitor and control pressure and flow rate parameters remotely by incorporating with CENTUM CS 3000.The simulation and experimental results of Local Intelligence using an IMC-PID controller on a lab scale fluid transport system are conveyed with its numerical data.
Real Time Hand Gesture Recognition in Depth Image using CNN

Hand gestures can play a notable role in computer vision, and hand gesture-based methods can stand out in providing a native way of interaction. Deafness is a degree of loss such that a person is unable to understand speech, spoken language. Sign language declined the gap in spoken language. The hand gesture is analyzed identically to sign language presenting the naturalness of intercommunication for deaf people. Real-time hand gesture recognition has been proposed in our research. Our proposed CNN model architecture will remediate the communication barrier of deaf people. The proposed model has achieved an accuracy of 94.61% to recognize 11 several different gestures using depth images.
Numerical study of the turbulent natural convection of nanofluids in a partially heated cubic cavity

In this work we study numerically the 3-D turbulent natural convection in a partially heated cubic cavity filled with water containing metallic nanoparticles, metallic oxides, and others based on carbon. The objective is to study and compare the effect of the addition of nanoparticles studied in water and also the effect of the position of the heated partition on the heat exchange by turbulent natural convection in this type of geometry, which can significantly improve the design of heat exchange systems for better space optimization. For this we have treated numerically for different volume fractions the turbulent natural convection in the two cases where the cavity is heated respectively by a vertical and horizontal strip in the middle of one of the vertical walls. To take into account the effects of turbulence, we used the standard k-? turbulence model. The governing equations are discretized by the finite volume method using the power law scheme which offers a good stability characteristic in this type of flow. The results are presented in the form of isothermal lines and current lines. The variation of the mean Nusselt number is calculated for the two positions of the heated partition as a function of the volume fraction of the nanoparticles studied in water for different Rayleigh numbers. The results show that carbon-based nanoparticles intensify heat exchange by convection better and that the position of the heated partition significantly influences heat exchange by natural convection. In fact, an improvement in the average Nusselt number of more than 20% is observed for the case where the heated partition is horizontal.
Effects of Calorie Restriction on Health Span and Insulin Resistance: Classic Calorie Restriction Diet vs. Ketosis-Inducing Diet

As the incidence of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (CNCDs) increases, preventive approaches become more crucial. In this review, calorie restriction (CR) effects on human beings were evaluated, comparing the benefits and risks of different CR diets: classic CR vs. ketosis-inducing diets, including intermittent fasting (IF), classic ketogenic diet (CKD), fasting mimicking diet (FMD), very-low-calorie ketogenic Diet (VLCKD) and Spanish ketogenic Mediterranean diet (SKMD). Special emphasis on insulin resistance (IR) was placed, as it mediates metabolic syndrome (MS), a known risk factor for CNCD, and is predictive of MS diagnosis. CR is the most robust intervention known to increase lifespan and health span, with high evidence and known biochemical mechanisms. CR improves cardiometabolic risk parameters, boosts exercise insulin sensitivity response, and there may be benefits of implementing moderate CR on healthy young and middle-aged individuals. However, there is insufficient evidence to support long-term CR. CKD is effective for weight and MS management, and may have additional benefits such as prevention of muscle loss and appetite control. SKMD has extreme significance benefits for all the metabolic parameters studied. Studies show inconsistent benefits of IF compared to classic CR. More studies are required to study biochemical parameters, reinforce evidence, identify risks, and seek effective and safe nutritional CR approaches.
DOES REGRETTING FIRST VAGINAL INTERCOURSE HAVE AN IMPACT ON YOUNG

28 Background. The aims of this research were to determine personal differences depending on 29 the reason for regretting or not first vaginal intercourse and its effects on sexual behavior 30 later on among a representative sample of young adults, and to assess the association between 31 reasons for engaging in first vaginal intercourse and regretting it. 32 Methods. Data were drawn from the Swiss national survey on youth sexual behaviors 33 conducted in 2017 among young adults (mean age 26 years) living in Switzerland. Out of the 34 7142 participants, 4793 (51% females) answered the question Looking back now to the first 35 time you had vaginal intercourse, do you think that.with five possible answers: Should not 36 have done it(6.7%); Should have waited (7.7%); Should not have waited (7.4%); Right time 37 (67.9%); and I don’t know (10.3%). The five groups were compared on sociodemographic 38 and sex behavior-related variables, analyzed separately by gender. 39 Results. One third of participants regretted their first experience. In the multivariate analysis, 40 compared to the RightTime group, all other groups were more likely to find their first 41 experience unpleasant and to have done it with a casual partner. Those in the I should not 42 have done it and I should have waited groups were also more likely to have done it because 43 of external pressure, especially among females. 44 Conclusions. Our results underline the significance to choose the right time and the right 45 partner for first vaginal intercourse and the importance of including partner respect and 46 avoiding external pressure as part of sexual education. 47
Application of dual coagulant (alum + barley) in removing colour from leachate

Coagulation/ flocculation is one of the treatment method for highly polluted leachate. One of the main affecting factor for this process is the coagulant used. Coagulant is divided into natural and chemical coagulant. In the current study, Alum (chemical coagulant) and barley (natural coagulant) were used as dual coagulant. The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of dual coagulant made from alum and barley in removing colour from the effluent of Simpang Renggam landfill leachate aeration lagoon through coagulation/flocculation method. Coagulation/flocculation process with single alum coagulant, single barley coagulant and dual coagulant (alum+barley) were examined by evaluating the optimum values of pH and dose. Optimum dose and pH for alum and barley as single coagulant were; 3 g/L & pH 5; 0.8 g/L & pH 6. Higher removal of colour was recorded for alum compared to barley. Application of alum and barley as dual coagulant had higher colour removal than alum and barley as single coagulant. The optimum pH and dose for dual coagulant were at pH 6, 3.0 g/L of alum and 0.8 g/L of barley respectively. However, at pH 6, 2 g/L alum and 1.6 g/L barley, the removal of colour was similar to alum at 3 g/L. It can be concluded that barley as coagulant aid able to reduce 33 % usage of alum at par removals of colour. Thus, the dual coagulant consist of alum and barley has the potential to be applied as a coagulant for leachate treatment.