Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis Mechanism of an Environment-Friendly Sodium Lignosulfonate/Chitosan Medium-Density Fiberboard Adhesive and Response of Bonding Performance to Synthesis Mechanism

Environment-friendly medium-density fiberboards (MDFs) prepared using sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan adhesives (L/C) show potential in environment-friendly wood-based panel application. However, the synthesis mechanism of this adhesive and the relationships between synthesis mechanism and bonding performance were not discussed in depth. Herein, the synthesis mechanism of L/C was explored in detail based on characterizations of L/C with different mass ratios of sodium lignosulfonate to chitosan by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction. For L/C with different mass ratios of sodium lignosulfonate to chitosan, the corresponding bonding performance was also determined based on characterizations of mechanical and dimensional performance of MDFs. Results showed a 3D network structure of L/C formed through the hydrogen linkages among hydroxyl groups in sodium lignosulfonate and hydroxyl and amino groups in chitosan, amide linkages resulted from reaction between carbonyl groups in sodium lignosulfonate and amino groups in chitosan, and sulfonamide linkages originated from reaction between sulfonic groups in sodium lignosulfonate and amino groups in chitosan. The mechanical performance of MDF was closely related to the 3D network and amino groups of L/C, while the dimensional performance of MDF was negatively affected by sodium lignosulfonate. The MDFs with 1:3 and 1:2 mass ratios of sodium lignosulfonate to chitosan showed superior mechanical properties and comparable dimensional performance with a commercial panel.
Scalable Discrete Matrix Factorization and Semantic Autoencoder for Cross-Media Retrieval

Hashing methods have sparked great attention on multimedia tasks due to their effectiveness and efficiency. However, most existing methods generate binary codes by relaxing the binary constraints, which may cause large quantization error. In addition, most supervised cross-modal approaches preserve the similarity relationship by constructing an ${n}\times {n}$ large-size similarity matrix, which requires huge computation, making these methods unscalable. To address the above challenges, this article presents a novel algorithm, called scalable discrete matrix factorization and semantic autoencoder method (SDMSA). SDMSA is a two-stage method. In the first stage, the matrix factorization scheme is utilized to learn the latent semantic information, the label matrix is incorporated into the loss function instead of the similarity matrix. Thereafter, the binary codes can be generated by the latent representations. During optimization, we can avoid manipulating a large ${n}\times {n}$ similarity matrix, and the hash codes can be generated directly. In the second stage, a novel hash function learning scheme based on the autoencoder is proposed. The encoder–decoder paradigm aims to learn projections, the feature vectors are projected to code vectors by encoder, and the code vectors are projected back to the original feature vectors by the decoder. The encoder–decoder scheme ensures the embedding can well preserve both the semantic and feature information. Specifically, two algorithms SDMSA-lin and SDMSA-ker are developed under the SDMSA framework. Owing to the merit of SDMSA, we can get more semantically meaningful binary hash codes. Extensive experiments on several databases show that SDMSA-lin and SDMSA-ker achieve promising performance.
Single Crystal Polarized Spectroscopy of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase and Electronic Structure of the Active Site Metal Complex

Manganese superoxide dismutase from E. coli crystallizes from poly(ethylene glycol) solution in the orthorhombic space group C2221. The bladelike purple crystals of the Mn(III) enzyme are strongly pleiochroic in polarized light, appearing red or green for light polarized parallel or perpendicular to their long axis, coincident with the crystallographic c-axis. Polarized spectra from oriented single crystals of Mn superoxide dismutase reveal a dramatic dichroism of the optical absorption bands that is primarily associated with a single ligand field transition near 500 nm exhibiting a polarization ratio of greater than 10:1, with amplitude maximizing for polarization parallel to the crystallographic c-axis. Detailed analysis of this polarization by projection onto the four Mn sites within the asymmetric unit allows interpretation of the crystal spectra in terms of molecular excitations and active site electronic structure. The strongest polarization is roughly aligned with the carboxylate ligand, suggesting.
Sexual orientation and food insecurity: findings from the New York City Community Health Survey

Abstract Objective: Food insecurity is a serious public health concern that disproportionately impacts minority groups. However, limited research has assessed food insecurity among sexual minorities. The current study investigates whether individuals identifying as lesbian/gay or bisexual (LGB) sexual orientation were more likely to experience food insecurity relative to heterosexual persons. Design: Data are from the 2017 and 2018 New York City Community Health Survey. Multinomial logistic regression is used to assess the association between sexual orientation and food insecurity. Setting: A sample of adults (18 years and older) who identify as heterosexual, gay/lesbian or bisexual living in New York City in 2017 and 2018. Participants: 18 610 non-institutionalised adults. Results: Bisexual individuals have significantly higher rates of both mild (relative risk ratio (RRR) = 1·719, 95 % CI 1·148, 2·573) and moderate-to-severe food insecurity (RRR = 1·851, 95 % CI 1·097, 3·122) relative to heterosexual individuals, net of covariates from demographic, household and socio-economic characteristics. Study findings showed no difference in the likelihood of food insecurity between gay/lesbian individuals and heterosexual individuals. Conclusion: Results illustrate a complex interplay between sexual orientation and food insecurity among adults living in New York City. Findings suggest that efforts to connect LGB individuals to public assistance programmes such as Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program, as well as providing information and connections to food assistance through local LGBTQ+ centres, government agencies (i.e., NYC Human Resources Administration) and non-profit organisations (i.e., Food Bank for New York City) may be beneficial approaches to alleviate food insecurity among this population.
A multifunction trade-off has contrasting effects on the evolution of form and function.

Trade-offs caused by the use of an anatomical apparatus for more than one function are thought to be an important constraint on evolution. However, whether multifunctionality suppresses diversification of biomechanical systems is challenged by recent literature showing that traits more closely tied to trade-offs evolve more rapidly. We contrast the evolutionary dynamics of feeding mechanics and morphology between fishes that exclusively capture prey with suction and multifunctional species that augment this mechanism with biting behaviors to remove attached benthic prey. Diversification of feeding kinematic traits was, on average, over 13.5 times faster in suction feeders, consistent with constraint on biters due to mechanical trade-offs between biting and suction performance. Surprisingly, we found that the evolution of morphology contrasts directly with these differences in kinematic evolution, with significantly faster rates of evolution of head shape in biters. This system provides clear support for an often postulated, but rarely confirmed prediction that multifunctionality stifles functional diversification, while also illustrating the sometimes weak relationship between form and function.
Study of meat quality and flavour in different cuts of Duroc‐Bamei binary hybrid pigs

Abstract Background Meat quality and flavour are important criteria for judging fresh pork and processed products. However, there have been few studies on meat quality and volatile flavour substances of different parts of binary hybrid pigs. Objective To study the differences in meat quality and volatile flavour substances between different cuts of pork, which could provide the basis for consumer decision‐making when purchasing pork. Methods Twenty Du‐Ba binary hybrid pigs (first filial [F1] generation) bred from Duroc and Bamei pigs were used. This study systematically compared and analysed the basic nutritional components, amino acid composition, fatty acid composition and flavour profiles of longissimus dorsi, rib muscle and tendon meat of four Du‐Ba binary hybrid pigs; all assays were repeated in triplicate. Results Crude protein, calcium and phosphorus content in tendon meat were higher than that in the longissimus dorsi. The intramuscular fat content of the rib muscle was higher than that in the longissimus dorsi and tendon meat (p < 0.05). The amino acid content was highest in the tendon meat. The levels of essential amino acids and flavour‐associated amino acids per kilogram of longissimus dorsi were higher than those in the rib muscle and tendon meat. Moreover, the content of aspartic acid, serine and cystine were higher in the longissimus dorsi than in the other two parts. The type of saturated fatty acids and the type and content of unsaturated fatty acids in tendon meat were higher than in the longissimus dorsi and rib muscle. The total content of volatile flavour compounds was higher in the longissimus dorsi than in the rib muscle and tendon meat. Conclusion The rib muscle contains high deposits of fat, and tendon meat has a relatively high nutritional value, while the longissimus dorsi has a stronger flavour.
Thermal stability of Ti-catalyzed Si nanowires

The stability of long, narrow Si nanowires grown by catalytic decomposition of a Si-containing gas during annealing was investigated because their use in devices will depend on their stability during subsequent processing. The nanowires can be annealed without visible change well above 900 °C in N2 after air exposure. However, annealing in a H2 ambient more readily degrades their structure. Nanowires without a native surface oxide are stable up to 850 °C, but change significantly at 900 °C. Surface diffusion appears to be sufficient to allow constant-diameter nanowire regions to form.
[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 in prostate cancer: a comprehensive review.

Imaging of the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has become an important tool for managing patients with recurrent prostate cancer, and one of the most frequently employed radiopharmaceuticals is [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11. Herein, we summarize the preclinical development and the clinical applications of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 and present side-by-side comparisons with other radiopharmaceuticals or imaging modalities, in order to assist imagers and clinicians in recommending, performing, and interpreting the results of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET scans in patients with prostate cancer.
Isolation of peste des petits ruminants virus using primary goat kidney cell culture from kidneys obtained at slaughter

Abstract Background Traditionally isolation of peste des petits ruminant virus (PPRV) is performed in Vero cells that takes several blind passages before observing typical cytopathic effects (CPEs). As an alternate, researchers have been using lamb kidney (LK) cells but day‐old lambs are difficult to obtain and requires animal sacrifice. Objective We established a primary goat kidney (GK) cell culture from the kidneys obtained at slaughter. Methods The kidney of Black Bengal goats were collected from slaughter house and processed to make single cell suspension. The cells were resuspended in appropriate culture medium and maintained under optimum culture condition. Results The 80% confluent monolayer of GK cells was obtained after 15–20 days post seeding. Upon infection with a field isolate of PPRV, the well‐developed CPEs characterized by cell rounding, vacuolation in the cytoplasm and fusion of cells were observed after 48 hr post infection. Virus quantification in the culture supernatant revealed more viral RNA in GK cells than LK cells. The multicycle growth analysis of PPRV showed a steady increase in the virus loads in the culture supernatant of infected GK cells, suggesting an adaptation of the PPRV in GK cells. Conclusions The findings suggest that primary GK cells can be successfully prepared from the mature kidney cortical tissues and can be used for the isolation of PPRV. This system could reduce the unnecessary sacrifice of lambs or kids. Since kidneys of slaughtered goats are available throughout the year, using this protocol primary cell culture from mature goat kidney can provide primary cells to the laboratory throughout the year.
Heterogeneous graph inference with matrix completion for computational drug repositioning

MOTIVATION Emerging evidence presents that traditional drug discovery experiment is time-consuming and high costs. Computational drug repositioning plays a critical role in saving time and resources for drug research and discovery. Therefore, developing more accurate and efficient approaches is imperative. Heterogeneous graph inference is a classical method in computational drug repositioning, which not only has high convergence precision, but also has fast convergence speed. However, the method has not fully considered the sparsity of heterogeneous association network. In addition, rough similarity measure can reduce the performance in identifying drug-associated indications. RESULTS In this article, we propose a heterogeneous graph inference with matrix completion (HGIMC) method to predict potential indications for approved and novel drugs. First, we use a bounded matrix completion (BMC) model to prefill a part of the missing entries in original drug-disease association matrix. This step can add more positive and formative drug-disease edges between drug network and disease network. Second, Gaussian radial basis function (GRB) is employed to improve the drug and disease similarities since the performance of heterogeneous graph inference more relies on similarity measures. Next, based on the updated drug-disease associations and new similarity measures of drug and disease, we construct a novel heterogeneous drug-disease network. Finally, HGIMC utilizes the heterogeneous network to infer the scores of unknown association pairs, and then recommend the promising indications for drugs. To evaluate the performance of our method, HGIMC is compared with five state-of-the-art approaches of drug repositioning in the 10-fold cross-validation and de novo tests. As the numerical results shown, HGIMC not only achieves a better prediction performance, but also has an excellent computation efficiency. In addition, cases studies also confirm the effectiveness of our method in practical application. AVAILABILITY The HGIMC software is freely available at https://github.com/BioinformaticsCSU/HGIMC, https://hub.docker. com/repository/docker/yangmy84/hgimc, and http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4285640. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The Use of Fluoride Varnish in Primary Care in Ontario: A Qualitative Study.

OBJECTIVES Fluoride varnish (FV) has been shown to prevent dental caries. Physicians and nurses may be ideally situated to apply FV during well-child visits. Currently, public health units across Ontario have been successfully piloting this intervention. Yet, challenges remain at both the political and practice levels. The objectives of this research were to understand the perspectives of key stakeholders on making FV application a routine primary care practice in Ontario and to consider the potential enabling factors and barriers to implementation. METHODS In this qualitative study, 16 key stakeholders representing medicine, nursing, dentistry, dental hygiene, public health and government were interviewed. Interview data were transcribed and coded, and a conceptual framework for implementing change to daily health care practice was used as a guide for thematic analysis. RESULTS Our findings suggest that there is an opportunity for interdisciplinary care when considering children's oral health. There is also motivation and acceptance of this specific intervention across all fields. However, we found that concerns related to funding, knowledge and interprofessional relationships could impede implementation and limit any potential short- or mid-term window for meaningful policy and practice change. CONCLUSION With respect to introducing FV into medical practice for children under 5 years of age, the many factors required to implement immediate change are arguably not in alignment. However, policymakers and practitioners are motivated and have identified opportunities for change that may form the foundation for this program in the future.
Appreciating small-group active learning: What do medical students want, and why? A Q-methodology study

Abstract Introduction For Small-Group Active Learning (SMAL) to be effective, students need to engage meaningfully in learning activities to construct their knowledge. Teachers can have difficulty engaging their students in this process. To improve engagement, we aimed to identify the diversity in medical students’ appreciation of SMAL, using the concepts of epistemic beliefs and approaches to learning. Method Q-methodology is a mixed-method research design used for the systematic study of subjectivity. We developed a set of 54 statements on active learning methods. In individual interviews, first-year medical students rank ordered their agreement with these statements and explained their reasons. Data were analyzed using a by-person factor analysis to group participants with shared viewpoints. Results A four-factor solution (i.e. profiles) fit the data collected from 52 students best and explained 52% of the variance. Each profile describes a shared viewpoint on SMAL. We characterized the profiles as ‘understanding-oriented’, ‘assessment-oriented’, ‘group-oriented’, and ‘practice-oriented’. Discussion The four profiles describe how and why students differ in their appreciation of SMAL. Teachers can use the profiles to make better-informed decisions when designing and teaching their SMAL classes, by relating to students’ epistemic beliefs, and approaches to learning. This may improve student motivation and engagement for SMAL.
Superior radical polymer cathode material with a two-electron process redox reaction promoted by graphene

Poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy-4-yl methacrylate) (PTMA) displays a two–electron process redox reaction, high capacity of up to 222 mA h g−1, good rate performance and long cycle life, which is promoted by graphene as cathode material for lithium rechargeable batteries.
Integrative characterization of the near‐minimal bacterium Mesoplasma florum

The near‐minimal bacterium Mesoplasma florum is an interesting model for synthetic genomics and systems biology due to its small genome (~ 800 kb), fast growth rate, and lack of pathogenic potential. However, fundamental aspects of its biology remain largely unexplored. Here, we report a broad yet remarkably detailed characterization of M. florum by combining a wide variety of experimental approaches. We investigated several physical and physiological parameters of this bacterium, including cell size, growth kinetics, and biomass composition of the cell. We also performed the first genome‐wide analysis of its transcriptome and proteome, notably revealing a conserved promoter motif, the organization of transcription units, and the transcription and protein expression levels of all protein‐coding sequences. We converted gene transcription and expression levels into absolute molecular abundances using biomass quantification results, generating an unprecedented view of the M. florum cellular composition and functions. These characterization efforts provide a strong experimental foundation for the development of a genome‐scale model for M. florum and will guide future genome engineering endeavors in this simple organism.
Antidiabetic effect of aqueous-ethanol extract from the aerial parts of Artemisia roxburghiana

Abstract Artemisia roxburghiana is used for the management of diabetes mellitus in the Indian subcontinent. The present work aimed to validate the traditional claim of the plant in diabetes mellitus. In vitro studies were conducted using α-glucosidase and α-amylase assays whereas streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic Wistar rats were used for in vivo study. The aqueous-ethanol extract from the aerial parts was found to exhibit α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities with the IC50 values of 31.0 and 17.2 mg/mL, respectively when compared with acarbose (IC50 = 8.6 and 16.25 mg/mL, respectively). The extract showed a significant glucose-lowering effect in diabetic rats at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg in a dose-dependent manner, while acarbose (10 mg/kg) was used as a standard. The results revealed that A. roxburghiana aerial parts showed antidiabetic activity via inhibiting α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes. The present study also validated the ethnomedicinal claim of the plant in diabetes mellitus. Graphical abstract
MNK inhibition sensitizes KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer to mTORC1 inhibition by reducing eIF4E phosphorylation and c-MYC expression.

KRAS-mutant colorectal cancers (CRC) are resistant to therapeutics, presenting a significant problem for ~40% of cases. Rapalogs, which inhibit mTORC1 and thus protein synthesis, are significantly less potent in KRAS-mutant CRC. Using Kras-mutant mouse models and mouse- and patient-derived organoids we demonstrate that KRAS with G12D mutation fundamentally rewires translation to increase both bulk and mRNA-specific translation initiation. This occurs via the MNK/eIF4E pathway culminating in sustained expression of c-MYC. By genetic and small molecule targeting of this pathway, we acutely sensitize KRASG12D models to rapamycin via suppression of c-MYC. We show that 45% of CRCs have high signaling through mTORC1 and the MNKs, with this signature correlating with a 3.5-year shorter cancer-specific survival in a subset of patients. This work provides a c-MYC-dependent co-targeting strategy with remarkable potency in multiple Kras-mutant mouse models and metastatic human organoids and identifies a patient population who may benefit from its clinical application.
Balancing glucose and oxygen uptake rates to enable high amorpha‐4,11‐diene production in Escherichia coli via the methylerythritol phosphate pathway

Amorpha‐4,11‐diene (AMD4,11) is a precursor to artemisinin, a potent antimalarial drug that is traditionally extracted from the shrubs of Artemisia annua. Despite significant prior efforts to produce artemisinin and its precursors through biotechnology, there remains a dire need for more efficient biosynthetic routes for its production. Here, we describe the optimization of key process conditions for an Escherichia coli strain producing AMD4,11 via the native methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway. By studying the interplay between glucose uptake rates and oxygen demand, we were able to identify optimal conditions for increasing carbon flux through the MEP pathway by manipulating the availability of NADPH required for terpenoid production. Installation of an optimal qO2/qglucose led to a 6.7‐fold increase in product titers and a 6.5‐fold increase in carbon yield.