Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
neutralizing antibody responses to an HIV envelope

42 Extensive studies with subtype A BG505-derived HIV Env immunogens have revealed that the 43 dominant autologous neutralizing epitope in rabbits is located in an exposed region of the heavily 44 glycosylated trimer that lacks potential N-linked glycosylation sites at positions 230, 241, and 289. 45 The Env derived from B41, a subtype B virus, shares a glycan hole centered on positions 230 and 46 289. To test whether broader neutralization to the common glycan hole can be achieved, we 47 immunized rabbits with B41 SOSIP alone, as well as B41 and BG505 co-immunization. We isolated 48 autologous neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and described their structure in complex with the B41 49 Env. Our data suggest that distinct autologous nAb lineages are induced by BG505 and B41 50 immunogens, even when both were administered together. In contrast to previously described BG505 51 glycan hole antibodies, the B41-specific nAbs accommodate the >97% conserved N241 glycan, 52 which is present in B41. Single particle cryo-electron microscopy studies confirmed that B41 and 53 BG505-specific nAbs bind to overlapping glycan hole epitopes. We then used our high-resolution 54 data to guide mutations in the BG505 glycan hole epitope in an attempt to broaden the reactivity of a 55 B41-specific nAb, but only recovered partial binding. Our data demonstrate that lack of cross- 56 reactivity in glycan hole antibodies is due to amino acid differences within the epitope and our 57 attempts to rationally design cross-reactive trimers resulted in only limited success. Thus, even 58 for the immunodominant glycan hole shared between BG505 and B41 the prospect of designing 59 prime-boost immunogens remains difficult. Our previous work in rabbits with immunogens derived from subtype A BG505 virus has revealed that an autologous neutralizing epitope region on BG505 is exposed and immunodominant due to the absence of glycan sites at positions 241, which is present in >97% of HIV strains, at position 289, 98 which is present in >70% HIV strains, and at position 230, which is less conserved and only present in <35% of HIV strains (13-16). Certain other HIV strains lack some of the same glycan sites in the Env as BG505, resulting in partially overlapping holes in their glycan shield. These findings raised the question whether Env immunogens with overlapping glycan holes could be combined to induce broader Tier 2 neutralizing responses. A stabilized and solubilized Env trimer (SOSIP) derived from a subtype B Env gene, named B41, has been described previously (17) and has a partially overlapping glycan hole with that of BG505. Like BG505, B41 SOSIP lacks glycans at positions 289 and 230, but does contains the more highly conserved glycan at 241. Previous immunization studies with B41 SOSIP revealed that the majority of nAb response in rabbits was indeed directed to the 289 glycan hole (17). However, the exact epitope and molecular details of the interactions with nAbs 108 remain unknown.
Acoustic impedance and hydrodynamic instability of the flow through a circular aperture in a thick plate

We study the unsteady flow of a viscous fluid passing through a circular aperture in a plate characterized by a non-zero thickness. We investigate this problem by solving the incompressible linearized Navier–Stokes equations around a laminar base flow, in both the forced case (allowing us to characterize the coupling of the flow with acoustic resonators) and the autonomous regime (allowing us to identify the possibility of purely hydrodynamic instabilities). In the forced case, we calculate the impedances and discuss the stability properties in terms of a Nyquist diagram. We show that such diagrams allow us to predict two kinds of instabilities: (i) a conditional instability linked to the over-reflexion of an acoustic wave but requiring the existence of a conveniently tuned external acoustic resonator, and (ii) a purely hydrodynamic instability existing even in a strictly incompressible framework. A parametric study is conducted to predict the range of existence of both instabilities in terms of the Reynolds number and the aspect ratio of the aperture. Analysing the structure of the linearly forced flow allows us to show that the instability mechanism is closely linked to the existence of a recirculation region within the thickness of the plate. We then investigate the autonomous regime using the classical eigenmode analysis. The analysis confirms the existence of the purely hydrodynamic instability in accordance with the impedance-based criterion. The spatial structure of the unstable eigenmodes are found to be similar to the structure of the corresponding unsteady flows computed using the forced problem. Analysis of the adjoint eigenmodes and of the adjoint-based structural sensitivity confirms that the origin of the instability lies in the recirculation region existing within the thickness of the plate.
SSN: A Spatial Semantic Network for High-accuracy, Stable and Generalized Intent Detection

Nowadays, deep learning-based chatbot technologies have attracted the attention of many industries. Natural language understanding which consists of intent detection and slot filling is the first step in building a chatbot. Intent detection alone can be used to build a chatbot to answer frequently asked questions. However, there are still three major challenges in intent detection, namely, accuracy, stability and generalization ability. To overcome these three challenges, this paper proposes a new spatial semantic network (SSN) for intent detection method based on sentence embedding and support vector machine. Our SSN method consists of a frontend mapping a sentence to a dense vector in high dimensional space and a backend classifying the points into different intents. We conducted experiments on two popular real-world datasets. Experimental results show that our SSN method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy, stability as well as the ability to generalize on small training set.
Quantifying the burden of disease and injury in Queensland 1996-1998

l By calculating premature mortality in Queensland, and applying statistical adjustments to the disability component of Australian Burden of Disease study, a broad picture of the burden of disease in Queensland between 1996 and 1998 was able to be generated with limited resources. l Premature mortality was responsible for 56% of the total burden of disease in Queensland males and 49% in females. Males lost 34% more years of life due to premature mortality than females. l Ischaemic heart disease was the leading specific cause of burden of disease, measured by Disabilityadjusted life years (DALYs), among both males and females. This was followed by lung cancer, suicide and stroke among males, and by affective disorders (such as depression), stroke and breast cancer among females. l The male disease burden (DALY) was 17% higher than the female burden. Females generally have greater incidence and prevalence of the more common non-fatal health problems, while males generally have greater incidence of the major diseases and injuries associated with high case fatality. l The category of mental disorders was the leading cause of years of life lost due to disability (YLD), accounting for over a quarter (27%) of the non-fatal burden of disease in Queensland. l Mental disorders, as a category, was the third leading cause (13% of total) of disease burden (DALY), after cardiovascular diseases (21%) and cancer (19%). l Premature mortality due to suicide was about 28% higher in Queensland than the national average. In contrast premature mortality due to substance use disorders was about 60% lower among Queensland males than nationally. Premature mortality due to ischaemic heart disease was about 5% higher in Queensland than nationally. l Although Queensland estimates are not available, Australian data suggest that at least 17% of the total disease burden can be attributed to socioeconomic disadvantage. Similarly national data suggest that tobacco smoking was the risk factor responsible for the greatest burden of disease and injury in Australia (causing 12% of the total disease burden among males and 7% among females). This was followed by physical inactivity (7% among persons), hypertension or high blood pressure (5%) and harmful alcohol consumption (5%). The impact of diet on the burden of disease is not able to be assessed. Introduction
Strategies for dealing with donor variability

The growth of cell and gene therapies has opened the doors to revolutionary new treatment options by harnessing the power of the body’s own cells (or donors cells in an allogenic setting). Cells that are highly specialised in a complex network, further modified to overcome the complexity of disease evasion. complex solutions come with complex challenges one of which is the donor variability associated to the cell source. Stem cell transplant have been a curative treatment for patients with blood cancer and other haematological disorders for over 60 years. Here we explore the challenges and strategies employed in this setting to overcome the hurdles of donor variability.
Composite of Heteroatoms Doped Graphene Materials: Synthesis and Application as Sensors-A Review

Graphene as two dimensional material confer superior benefits by providing physical and electrochemical properties which have enriched to the assortment of sensor devices. Hetero atom doping lead to the improvement in properties such as high sensitivity, superior mechanical strength, high surface area, magnificient conductivity, efficient functionality as well as in electromagnetic behavior. Considering the developments in this field, we have discussed the practical synthesis of hetero-atom doped graphene materials that incorporates electrochemical, gas, glucose and electrical sensors. The points of interest involving the mechanism of graphene based sensors is highlighted which underlines the utilization in energy storage, gas storage, sensing and energy conversion. This review paper gives a clear understanding of hetero atoms that are doped with graphene/graphene oxide, condenses by clarifying reduced graphene oxide and providing the applications of graphene based sensors.
Using IRMA for (small scale) digital elections

The IRMA framework is a real-life implementation of the IBM Idemix attribute-based credential system [10, 45]. Additionally, the IRMA ecosystem features attribute-based signatures that allow for creation of privacyfriendly digital signatures [26]. Interest in the application of IRMA has grown in the last years in the Netherlands, especially in the public sector. As an example, the municipality of Amsterdam is aiming to apply IRMA in all of its public services. Among these is the OpenStad project that involves small-scale digital citizen consultation and referenda. Digital voting is considered a more accessible alternative for traditional paper voting, which is especially important for small-scale elections. We see that existing voting schemes for digital elections often turn out to be impractical and remain merely academic [32]. Those rely on classic approaches to identity management. So far, however, there has been no research to solve the problem of digital elections using attribute-based credential systems and attribute-based signatures. In this research, we identify requirements for voting systems from a legal context. We present a scheme that uses attribute-based signatures to record votes in a verifiable and privacy-friendly manner, using blindly issued voting numbers. Two ways to realize this are considered: either blind double signatures or blind generation of voting numbers. Both solutions rely on minimal changes to the Idemix scheme for credential issuance. Based on this, a voting scheme is presented that can be used to realize online remote elections. Additionally, we present extensions to, among others, further increase accessibility by weakening restrictions on voter registration and vote casting phases, and we present considerations for implementing a public register of votes, to make the scheme less vulnerable to certain forms of coercion. With this, the voting scheme we present satisfies most desired properties for elections: eligibility and unicity while maintaining secrecy, integrity, and verifiability. However, we also discuss limitations fundamental to online remote voting in general and address practical problems. We conclude that digital elections are not recommendable for large scale elections with large societal influences, but for small scale elections, the increased accessibility and limited attacker models make it recommendable. We have described a good way to start the development of proof of concept digital elections on IRMA and have adequately identified problems that require further research.
SENSORY EVALUATION AND CHARACTERIZATIONS OF EMULSION CONTAINING SODIUM CHLORIDE AND ITS APPLICATION IN CORN SOUP [Evaluasi Sensori dan Karakterisasi Emulsi Mengandung Natrium Klorida dan Aplikasinya pada Sup Jagung]

Reduction of sodium chloride in food products has been reported to lower consumers’ acceptance. In this research, the physical characteristics and sensory property of an oil in water emulsio n containing sodium chloride, as well as its application in corn soup were studied. The m ain objectives of this this research were to evaluate salt reduction that could be achieved through emulsion and to obtain a stable emulsion with most applicable viscosity for corn soup. In research stage I, three different oil concentrations (23, 28, and 33%) with constant salt and stabilizers concentration were applied into the emulsions. The result showed that emulsion with 33% oil was significantly more viscous than the others, whilst emulsion with 23% oil was found to be less salty than the others (α=0.05). Emulsion with 28% oil content was chosen for research stage II due to appropriate saltiness and viscosity. In research stage II, different types and concentrations of thickening agent (1 and 2% tapioca; 0.1 and 0.2% xanthan gum), and emulsifier concentration (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% Soy Protein Isolate) were applied into the emulsions with 28% oil. The viscosity and stability of emulsion were significantly affected by the concentration of stabilizers . Emulsion with 28% oil content, 0.1% xanthan gum and 0.5% SPI was applied into corn soup. As a result , 25% reduction in sodium chloride could be achieved without significantly decreasing saltiness.
CDOs and the Financial Crisis: Credit Ratings and Fair Premia

This paper uses the market-standard Gaussian copula model to show that fair spreads on CDO tranches are much higher than fair spreads on similarly-rated corporate bonds. It implies that credit ratings are not sufficient for pricing, which is surprising given their central role in structured finance markets. Tranche yield enhancement is attributed to a concentration of collateral bonds’ risk premia in spreads of non-equity tranches. This illustrates limitations of the rating methodologies, which are solely based on estimates of real-world payoff prospects and thus do not capture risk premia. We also show that payoff prospects and credit quality of CDO tranches are characterized by low stability. If credit conditions deteriorate, then prices and ratings of CDO tranches are likely to fall substantially further than prices and ratings of corporate bonds. Default contagion exacerbates the pace and severity of changes for CDO tranches.
The use of fitness trackers in the training process for increasing physical and functional abilities in athletes

The purpose of the study was to identify and justify the use of fitness trackers in the training process for increasing the level of physical and functional development in athletes of various ages. Materials and methods: athletes from aerobic sports (running and Nordic walking) aged from 18 to 65 years participated in the study (n = 136). The participants from the experimental group used a mobile device a fitness tracker connected to a smartphone, which allowed to develop an individually-differentiated program for monitoring the speed and pulse of athletes. Results: the use of mobile technologies significantly improves the effectiveness of the training process. The results obtained prove a correlation between an increase in the endurance indicators of participants and an improvement in their functional status, especially at an older age. Conclusion. The use of fitness trackers with mandatory monitoring of the speed and pulse of an athlete engaged in physical activity contributes to the best result. The introduction of a system of self-monitoring of the cardiovascular system using mobile devices allowed eliminating cases of fatigue and injury in the experimental
Notes on the Abadi-Plotkin logic for parmetricity

Types A ::= X | A→ B | ∀X.A Terms t ::= x | λx : A.t | t t | ΛX. t | tA where X and x range over type and term variables, respectively. Substitution of relations for variables in types is defined recursively. If A[X] is a type with a free variable X, then the substitution A[R] for a relation R ⊆ B × C is a relation A[R] ⊆ A[B]×A[C] defined as • X[R] = R and Y [R] = Y if Y 6= X • (A→ A′)[R] = A[R]→ A′[R] • (∀Y.A[X,Y ])[R] = ∀Y,Z, F ⊆ Y × Z.A[R,F ]
Design of an Electromagnetic Gripper for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles- Acronym

This thesis work deals with the design of a grasping mechanism for aerial grasping and assembly tasks by autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The proposed design is aimed at solving ferromagnetic grasping by UAVs and has onboard sensors that detect and provide reliable feedback to the UAV. The main focus of the work deals with the design of the gripper, the technique used for feedback estimation and the integration of the entire mechanism into the current UAV systems at the MRS lab. Furthermore, an overview of the entire system and its implementation are discussed. The developed mechanism is tested multiple times under indoor and outdoor conditions and is designed to be deployed for Challenge II of the MBZIRC 2020 robotics competition in Abu Dhabi.
Reproduction and life history traits of a resistance breaking Globodera pallida population

Abstract The main and most efficient measure to control potato cyst nematode (PCN) is the use of resistant cultivars. German and Dutch National Plant Protection Organizations (NPPOs) recently reported the emergence of Globodera pallida populations virulent on potato cultivars carrying resistance against pathotype 2/3. The development and virulence of the virulent population Oberlangen from Germany in comparison to the reference population G. pallida Pa3 Chavornay were investigated on resistant and susceptible cultivars in glasshouse experiments. Various life history traits associated with change in virulence were also assessed. Hatching of second-stage juveniles (J2s) was similar for both populations but incubation of cysts in potato root diffusate resulted in higher hatching rates compared to 3 mM Zinc Chloride and tap water. Both populations showed high penetration rates in the roots of the resistant and susceptible cultivars. However, only the population Oberlangen was able to complete the life cycle in the roots of the resistant potato cultivar. In ‘Seresta’, the resistance response restricted the formation of females by avirulent individuals in favor of males. Oberlangen was virulent on all cultivars tested. No difference in cyst size, number of eggs per cyst, length of juveniles, and males was found for Oberlangen and Chavornay on the susceptible cv. ‘Desiree’. However, cysts of virulent populations from the same region Oberlangen was obtained from had a significantly larger diameter compared to avirulent populations. The population Oberlangen showed a higher reproduction and fitness than the reference population Chavornay on susceptible cultivars and could serve as a future reference population in testing of new potato cultivars for resistance against this new virulence type in Europe.
Measures of Effectiveness, Efficiency, and Quality of Telemedicine in the Management of Alcohol Abuse, Addiction, and Rehabilitation: Systematic Review

Background More than 18 million Americans are currently suffering from alcohol use disorder (AUD): a compulsive behavior of alcohol use as a result of a chronic, relapsing brain disease. With alcohol-related injuries being one of the leading causes of preventable deaths, there is a dire need to find ways to assist those suffering from alcohol dependence. There still exists a gap in knowledge as to the potential of telemedicine in improving health outcomes for those patients suffering from AUD. Objective The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the measures of effectiveness, efficiency, and quality that result from the utilization of telemedicine in the management of alcohol abuse, addiction, and rehabilitation. Methods This review was conducted utilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The articles used in this analysis were gathered using keywords inclusive of both telemedicine and alcohol abuse, which were then searched in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane, and MEDLINE (PubMed) databases. A total of 22 articles were chosen for analysis. Results The results indicated that telemedicine reduced alcohol consumption. Other common outcomes included reduced depression (4/35, 11%), increased patient satisfaction (3/35, 9%), increase in accessibility (3/35, 9%), increased quality of life (2/35, 6%), and decreased cost (1/35, 3%). Interventions included mobile health (11/22, 50%), electronic health (6/22, 27%), telephone (3/33, 14%), and 2-way video (2/22, 9%). Studies were conducted in 3 regions: the United States (13/22, 59%), the European Union (8/22, 36%), and Australia (1/22, 5%). Conclusions Telemedicine was found to be an effective tool in reducing alcohol consumption and increasing patients’ accessibility to health care services or health providers. The group of articles for analysis suggested that telemedicine may be effective in reducing health care costs and improving the patient’s quality of life. Although telemedicine shows promise as an effective way to manage alcohol-related disorders, it should be further investigated before implementation.