Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structure and magnetism of Tm atoms and monolayers on W(110)

e pattern due to the overlap with the rectangular W(110) substrate. Monolayer as well as isolated Tm adatoms on W present a trivalent ground-state electronic configuration, contrary to divalent gas phase Tm and weakly coordinated atoms in quench-condensed Tm films. Ligand field multiplet simulations of the x-ray absorption spectra further show that Tm has a |J = 6,Jz =± 5� electronic ground state separated by a few meV from the next lowest substates |J = 6,Jz =± 4� and |J = 6,Jz =± 6� . Accordingly, both the Tm atoms and monolayer films exhibit large spin and orbital moments with out-of-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy. X-ray magnetic dichroism measurements as a function of temperature show that the Tm monolayers develop antiferromagnetic correlations at about 50 K. The triangular structure of the Tm lattice suggests the presence of significant magnetic frustration in this system, which may lead to either a noncollinear staggered spin structure or intrinsic disorder.
Remediation of cadmium by Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) from cadmium contaminated soil: a phytoextraction study

Cadmium is a toxic metal for living organisms and an environmental contaminant. Soils in many parts of the world are slightly too moderately contaminated by Cd due to long term use and disposal of Cd-contaminated wastes. Cost effective technologies are needed to remove cadmium from the contaminated sites. Soil phytoextraction is engineering based, low cost and socially accepted developing technology that uses plants to clean up contaminants in soils. This technology can be adopted as a remediation of cadmium from Cd-contaminated soils with the help of Brassica juncea plant. The objective of this work was to evaluate the cadmium (Cd) accumulate and the tolerance of Brassica juncea . The Cd accumulates in all parts of plants (roots, stems and leaves). It was found that accumulating efficiency increased with the increase in the concentration of applied cadmium metal solution. Maximum accumulation of cadmium was found in roots than stem and leaves. Phytoextraction coefficient and translocation factor were highest to show the validity of the Brassica juncea species for hyperaccumulation of the Cd metal. These results suggested that Brassica juncea has a high ability to tolerate and accumulate Cd, so it might be a promising plant to be used for phytoextraction of Cd contaminated soil. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/ije.v3i2. 10533 International Journal of the Environment Vol.3(2) 2014: 229-237
Decentralisation and the Challenge of Revenue Mobilisation for Development: The Case of Adaklu Anyigbe District Assembly in the Volta Region of Ghana

This article assesses the sources of revenue available to the Adaklu Anyigbe District, examines the strategies for revenue mobilisation and evaluates the challenges facing the Adaklu-Anyigbe District in its revenue mobilisation efforts. The Assembly has staff strength of about 85 workers including the thirteen (13) Assembly members of the District. Thirty-five questionnaires were administered among 35 selected staff and Assembly members of the District. It was found out that between 2005 and 2008, the Assembly was unable to achieve its revenue targets. Revenue mobilisation fell short of the estimated targets for four consecutive years, this made planning and funding of development projects very difficult. The traditional sources of revenue proved unpredictable and difficult to mobilise, whilst the citizens were unwilling to pay their basic and special rates due to lack of education and inability to pay. It was also found out that the Assembly, as a newly created District, lacked the requisite man power and logistics for achieving its revenue generation targets. The research recommends capacity building for the District in terms of basic infrastructural support funding and radical staff development to enable the Assembly meet its development aspirations. Key words: Revenue mobilisation, decentralisation, capacity building, traditional sources of revenue.
A Valued Analysis of Information Security, Threats and Solutions for Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is a prospering technology that most organizations are considering for adoption as a cost effective strategy for managing IT. However, organizations also still consider the technology to be associated with many business risks that are not yet resolved. Such issues include security, privacy as well as legal and regulatory risks. We identify threats and security attributes applicable in cloud computing. We also select a framework suitable for identifying information security metrics. Cloud computing has become an increasingly popular means of delivering valuable, IT-enabled business services. Adopting cloud technology can be an affordable way to get access to a dynamically scalable, virtualized computing environment. The cloud provider is responsible for the environment, so organizations can make use of resources for short periods of time without having to maintain the environment when it is not being used. While cloud computing models are attractive because of their flexibility and cost effectiveness, certain challenges must be addressed in order to provide a viable option to traditional data services. First and foremost is the issue of security. The externalized aspect of outsourcing can make it harder to maintain data integrity and privacy, support data and service availability, demonstrate compliance, and secure highly available access to applications and information. In short, cloud computing can present an added level of risk. This paper discusses security, threats and availability-related challenges in cloud computing environments.
MEASURING CONSUMER PREFERENCES FOR ECOLABELED SEAFOOD: AN INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON

An analysis of consumer preferences for seafood labeled with information about environmental production attributes is introduced into the food labeling literature. International seafood ecolabeling programs have been proposed to create marketbased incentives for fisheries managers to promote sustainable fisheries. We investigate differences in consumer preferences for ecolabeled seafood across the United States and Norway. Using a contingent-choice telephone survey of random households in each nation, a wide range of factors is found to influence consumers' likelihood of purchasing ecolabeled seafood. Consumer preferences differ by price premium, species, consumer group, and certifying agency. The effect of these factors often differs between the United States and Norway, suggesting heterogeneity in international reactions to seafood ecolabels.
Generation of social assets and sharing knowledge in a hybrid intentional community: pilot analysis from Latvia

The present paper is an attempt to investigate the dynamics of social assets building and knowledge exchange among the members of an intentional community (the National Library of Latvia users’ community) based on a hybrid social infrastructure consisting of online and Although the theoretical framework is primarily based on applied epistemology are also included. The proposed model hypothesizes a positive effect of cognitive proximity growth of individual knowledge. Empirical analysis based on structural equation modelling was performed among the members of the National Library of Latvia community in order to test the above-mentioned hypotheses. Findings show both some common and consistent results with several prominent organisational and community studies of knowledge exchange and individual knowledge growth) and some discrepancies (the role of motivational factors enhancing complex knowledge growth) as well.
Occurrence of Campylobacter in chicken wings marketed in the northwest of Iran

Campylobacter spp. are significant causative agents of human diarrheal diseases. The common source of Campylobacter infection is contaminated food, particularly poultry meat. In the present study Campylobacter contamination was assessed in chicken’s wings samples obtained from Urmia chicken retail shops. A total number of 96 chicken wings were examined for the presence of Campylobacter spp. using Campylobacter selective agar. The wings contaminated with Campylobacter spp. were further examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the confirmation of Campylobacter. Two primers were used for amplification of a 1004 bp fragment of 16s rRNA gene from Campylobacter spp. The results revealed that a number of 40 wings (41.66%) out of 96 chicken wings were contaminated with Campylobacter spp. using the Campylobacter selective agar. A number of 37 positive samples of detected Campylobacter spp. in biochemical assays were yielded a 1004 bp PCR product, confirming that at least 37 bacterial isolates were belonged to Campylobacter spp. It was concluded that the Campylobacter spp. was existed in chicken wings with high frequency. Further studies are needed for discriminating different strains of isolated Campylobacter spp. It was recommended that appropriate cooking of chicken meat will be an important approach for the control of Campylobacteriosis in human.
Comparison Study in Consolidation of Yttria Reinforced Iron-Chromium Composites Using Conventional and Microwave Sintering Technique

This research is focused on studying the density and mechanical properties of iron-chromium composites consolidated by innovative rapid microwave sintering technology against conventionally sintered counterparts using slow heating crucible furnace. Another aim of this study is to assess the viability of yttria (Y2O3) ceramic particulates as reinforcement to the iron-chromium composites. Fabrication of iron-chromium-yttria composites consolidated in microwave furnace and conventional crucible furnace was successfully accomplished. Improvement of density is evident in microwave sintered composites. The Y2O3 addition significantly increases the hardness of the composite (118 Hv for microwave specimens as opposed to 110Hv for conventional specimens). The study also successfully established the viability of microwave sintering technique for consolidating iron based powder metallurgy composites by up to 80% reduction of sintering time.
The Impact of Malting on Nutritional Composition of Foxtail Millet, Wheat and Chickpea

Coarse grains are rich sources of nutrients and food processing of coarse grain have been developed over the countries are adopted to make the final product more attractive and increase its nutritional value. Objective: The objective of the study was to analyzed impact of malting on macro and micronutrients composition of foxtail millets, wheat and chickpea to increase their palatability. Methods: Foxtail millet, wheat and chickpea undergo malting process in which 12 h. Steeping and 48 h Germination had been performed. Processed foxtail millet, wheat and chickpea were converted into flour and this flour was mixed in different proportions (40:30:30). The proximate analysis of single and mixed flour was done by standard procedure mentioned by AOAC 2005. Results: Results showed that composite flour were enriched with malted (foxtail millet, chickpea and wheat flour), grains were rich in protein and carbohydrate. The maximum value of carbohydrate and protein found increased in foxtail millet flour had highest i.e (58.64%, 11.16%) respectively. Moisture was maximum increased in malted wheat flour (12.29%). crude fiber, vitamin C, and iron were found to be increased in mixed flour (13.04, 70%, 26.82%), when compared with unprocessed FMF, CPF, and WF. Conclusion: The results suggest that malting, as a processing technique; can be used to effectively enhance the nutritional/organoleptic status of foxtail millet, wheat, and chickpea.
A Brief Overview on Microbial Communities Associated with Lichens

The investigation of microorganisms from so far unexplored ecological niches has become an exciting subject in recent years. Lichens are ecologically highly adapted and also unique because the physiological integration of organisms provides conditions for persistence under extreme environmental conditions. Lichens are generally considered as symbiosis between fungi and green algae or cyanobacteria. These partnerships give raise to light-exposed and long-living joint structures, and the unique organization of lichens provides still unexplored environments for microbial communities. Recent studies showed that lichens harbour high abundances and diversity of bacteria but their exact location, ecology and biotechnological potential are still unexplored. The present paper summarizes briefly and gives an overview about the most important topics related to the study of the microbial community inhabiting the lichen thalli.
ON ALMOST RECOGNIZABILITY BY SPECTRUM OF SIMPLE CLASSICAL GROUPS

The set of element orders of a finite group G is called the spectrum. Groups with coinciding spectra are said to be isospectral. It is known that if G has a nontrivial normal soluble subgroup then there exist infinitely many pairwise non-isomorphic groups isospectral to G. The situation is quite different if G is a nonabelain simple group. Recently it was proved that if L is a simple classical group of dimension at least 62 and G is a finite group isospectral to L, then up to isomorphism L ≤ G ≤ AutL. We show that the assertion remains true if 62 is replaced by 38.
Leadership Skills of Faculty Members at Al- Istiqlal University: Cadets' Point of Views

The aim of this study is to determine the availability of leadership skills of faculty members (civilian and militarypersonnel) at Al- Istiqlal university (AIU). The population of the study was composed of AIU students, includingjuniors and sophomores. A random sample, consisting of 137 cadets, was chosen. The researcher developed aquestionnaire to measure the leadership skills of faculty members. The study results showed that the leadership skillsof faculty members at AIU are moderately available, where the average was 2.10 according to three –points Likertscale. They also revealed that the leadership skills of civilian faculty members were higher than those of the militarypersonnel on all domains of the study. Moreover, they indicated that there were no statistically significant differencesin the availability of leadership skills attributed to all variables of the study. Based on the results of the study, certainrecommendations were presented which assist in achieving objectives of the study as well as the objectives of AIU,collectively.
Dehydrin Expression and Drought Tolerance in Seven Wheat Cultivars

The winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) producing region of the U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW) is subject to periods of water deficit during sowing and grain filling. Improving the genetic adaptation of wheat to drought stress represents one of the main objectives of regional breeding programs. One biochemical response to dehydrative stress is the accumulation of a family of proteins called dehydrins, which are believed to protect membranes and macromolecules against denaturation. Although previous studies demonstrated the accumulation of dehydrins in drought-stressed wheat, little was known about the relation of dehydrin expression to acquisition of drought tolerance in specific varieties adapted to the PNW. We characterized dehydrin accumulation during the exposure of seven cultivars ('Connie', 'Gene', 'TAM105', 'Rod', 'Hiller', 'Rhode', and 'Stephens') to progressive drought stress in four separate experiments. The objective was to identify differences in the nature or timing of dehydrin expression in these cultivars and to learn whether dehydrin expression was associated with the acquisition of stress tolerance during seedling development. Expression of a 24-kDa dehydrin was observed in Connie, TAM105, and Gene after 4 d of stress and at subsequent sampling dates while no dehydrins were detected in nonstress control plants. Dehydrin expression was significantly delayed in the remaining cultivars. The presence of this dehydrin was related to acquisition of drought tolerance characterized by a greater maintenance of shoot dry matter production in Connie, TAM105, and Gene. Although the role of these proteins remains unknown, their association with stress tolerance suggests that dehydrins might be used to improve the adaptation to drought.
Genome-wide distribution of superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene families in Sorghum bicolor.

Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are critical enzymes protecting cells against toxic superoxide radicals. To date, 3 types of SODs have been identified: Cu-ZnSODs, Fe-MnSODs, and NiSODs. In this study, a genome-wide analysis was performed in Sorghum bicolor to characterize SOD genes and proteins. Using several bioinformatics tools, we characterized a total of 8 SOD genes from the Sorghum genome. Gene structure, chromosomal distribution, tissue specific expression, conserved domain, and phylogenetic analyses of SOD genes were carried out. Additionally, 3-dimensional structures were determined and compared within each SbSOD protein. Chromosomal distributions revealed that the highest number of SOD genes was on chromosomes 1 and 10, with 2 members on each. Single segmental gene duplication was observed between the genes SbSOD2 and SbSOD5. Intron numbers of SbSOD genes ranged from 5 to 7. Motif analyses showed that SbSODs included 2 and 3 common motifs in Cu-ZnSOD and Fe-MnSODs, respectively. In addition, 3 functional domains were identified in SbSODs: 1) copper-zinc domain (Pfam: 00080) in Cu-ZnSOD; and 2) iron/manganese superoxide dismutases alpha-hairpin domain (Pfam: 00081) and 3) iron/manganese superoxide dismutases, C-terminal domain (Pfam: 02777) in Fe-MnSODs. Gene Ontology term enrichment analysis showed that 8 SOD genes have similar molecular functions and biological processes, and variable cellular components. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Cu-ZnSODs (92%) and Fe-MnSODs (100%) were separated by high bootstrap values. Additionally, predicted motif structures and critical binding sites of SbSODs were found to be similar within each SOD group. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of SOD genes and proteins in plants, especially in Sorghum taxa.
RIBBON TORUS KNOTS PRESENTED BY VIRTUAL KNOTS WITH UP TO FOUR CROSSINGS

A ribbon torus knot embedded in the 4-space is presented by a welded virtual knot through the tube operation due to Shin Satoh. We make an attempt of classification of ribbon torus knots presented by virtual knots with up to four crossings, where we use the list of virtual knots enumerated by Jeremy Green. We mainly investigate the groups of virtual knots.
A study of the incidence of overeruption, rotation, tipping in unopposed molars and temporomandibular disorders

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of overeruption, rotation and tipping in unopposed posterior teeth and study the association among temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Material and Method: The study group consisted of 191 patients with posterior tooth loss. These teeth (462 molars) overeruption, rotation and tipping records were reviewed. Tooth loss and TMD symptoms were detected. In order to compare the variables Chi-square tests and Fisher’s exact probability test were used. For TMD, Pearson correlation prevalence parameters were used. Results: 291 molars showed no signs of overeruption. 119 molars showed slight, 52 molars had erupted moderate to severe eruption. 184 molars had no signs of rotation, 203 were rotated less than 15°, while 75 molars were rotated more than 15°. 274 molars showed no signs of tipping whereas, 108 had tipping less than 15°, and 80 molars had tipping of greater than 15°. Younger age group and female gender were found to be statistically significant regarding mean scores of TMDs (Age: P < 0.05, Gender: P < 0.001) Conclusions: Molar rotation was more frequent in the maxilla; whereas overeruption and tipping were more common in the mandible Significant associations between the signs of TMD and tooth loss were found, but the current results does not support the concept that loss of molar support is an etiologic factor in TMDs.
The Relationship Between Insecure Attachment and Premarital Sexual Timing

The Relationship Between Insecure Attachment and Premarital Sexual Timing Carly Ostler School of Family Life, BYU Master of Science Recent studies are beginning to show evidence of marital problems for couples that have engaged in early premarital sexual activity compared to those who do not. Adult attachment theory plays an important role in explaining many kinds of distress for couples and helps explain sexual interaction, thus, in this study it is posited that attachment may influence sexual timing patterns. This study focuses on the relationship between insecure attachment styles and early premarital sexual timing. The sample consisted of 256 couples who took the Relationship Evaluation (RELATE) to measure their attachment styles and sexual timing while controlling for length of relationship, religiosity, education and age, which may be related to sexual timing. Models were tested for males and females separately using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results showed a significant, positive relationship between female anxious attachment and early sexual timing. Results also showed a significant negative relationship between female avoidant attachment and early sexual timing. No results showed significant relationships between male insecure attachment and sexual timing. Implications for couples, clinicians and educators are discussed.
Real options in infrastructure projects: theory, practice and prospects

Developed from financial options theory and pricing models, real options have evolved to become a mainstream area of academic inquiry. This account traces the field generally from its origins to present day. Research has demonstrated the potential for real options to enhance project value by managing uncertainty through investment, structuring and design decisions. Despite this, real options theory is not widely used as a whole or within the discipline of infrastructure development and construction project management. The creation of infrastructure occurs almost exclusively in a project-based environment. Not surprisingly, project managers play a pivotal role in the success of such projects and make frequent decisions that shape and reshape implementation strategies. Perhaps, the path towards disseminating real options into infrastructure project practice is to improve the understanding of the managerial environment and behaviour. Hence, the characteristics of infrastructure projects and project managemen.
The effects of remedial fertilizer treatments on growth and pulp properties of Eucalyptus grandis stands established on infertile soils of the Zululand coastal plain

Synopsis Remedial fertilizer applications were applied to nutrient-poor stands of Eucalyptus grandis growing on infertile (ex-agricultural) land of the Zululand coastal plain. Two nitrogen-rich fertilizer mixtures were applied in one year-old stands at rates ranging from zero to 160 kg N ha-1. Foliar nitrogen levels increased highly significantly at the higher levels of fertilization. Ahighly significant response to height, diameter and basal area growth was observed within 6 months of treatment initiation which was sustained until clear felling (8.3 years). A comparison ofthe unfertilized control with the optimum treatment i.e. a single fertilizer dose equivalent to 80 kg N ha-1) yielded the following results: Utilizable wood volume increased from 136.7 to 264.3 m 3 ha-1, The wood density showed a weakly significant increase from 448 to 472 kg m-3. The pulpability factor (defined as the pulp yield / kappa number) decreased significantly from 2.63 to 2.32. The net effect of fertilization on pulping properties is a non- significant increase in pulp yield per unit volume of timber (chiefly due to increases in wood density). The combined effects of fertilization on both volume growth and pulping properties resulted in an increase in the pulp yield on a plantation area basis from 32.03 to 63.43 t pulp ha-1 in the 8.3 year-old stand.