Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
6-Methyl-1,3,8-trichlorodibenzofuran as a 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin antagonist: inhibition of the induction of rat cytochrome P-450 isozymes and related monooxygenase activities.

In addition to being one of the most toxic chemicals known, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is the most potent inducer of rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-4501A1 (P-450c). Previous studies have demonstrated that a high affinity, low capacity cytosolic receptor (the Ah receptor) mediates the activity of TCDD to induce cytochrome P-4501A1, which catalyzes benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylation [aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH]) and 7-ethoxyresorufin O-dealkylation (EROD). The results of the present study indicate that 6-methyl-1,3,8-trichlorodibenzofuran (MCDF) effectively competes with [3H]TCDD for binding to the Ah receptor in rat liver cytosol. The concentration of MCDF effecting 50% displacement of [3H]TCDD was 4.9 X 10(-8) M, which is approximately 50 times greater than the EC50 for unlabeled TCDD (approximately 1 X 10(-9) M). However, in contrast to TCDD, MCDF was only a weak inducer of AHH and EROD activity in rat hepatoma H-4-II cells in culture. When co-incubated, MCDF diminished in a concentration-dependent manner the ability of TCDD to induce AHH and EROD activity in vitro. Treatment of rats with 20-200 mumol/kg MCDF in vivo had little or no effect on liver microsomal AHH and EROD activity, whereas treatment of rats with 16 nmol/kg TCDD caused a 6- and a 70-fold induction of AHH and EROD activity, respectively. When co-administered, MCDF diminished by approximately 50% the ability of TCDD to induce AHH and EROD activity in vivo. The partial antagonism produced by 50 mumol/kg MCDF could be partially overcome by doubling the dosage of TCDD from 16 to 32 nmol/kg. Immunochemical analysis of rat liver microsomes revealed that treatment of rats with 20-200 mumol/kg MCDF caused little or no induction of cytochromes P-4501A1 and P-4501A2 (P-450d), whereas these isozymes were induced 33- and 5-fold, respectively, in rats treated with 16 nmol/kg TCDD. When co-administered, MCDF diminished by approximately 50% the ability of TCDD to induce cytochrome P-4501A1 in vivo, which established that MCDF was not simply acting as an inhibitor of AHH and EROD activity. MCDF also antagonized the ability of TCDD to induce cytochrome P-4501A2, which suggests that the induction of both cytochromes P-4501A1 and P-4501A2 is regulated by the Ah receptor. These results indicate that MCDF binds with high affinity to the Ah receptor in rat liver cytosol and competitively blocks the binding of TCDD. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A case study of indoor positioning in an unmodified factory environment

This study investigates the performance of Wi-Fi-based fingerprinting location estimation in an unmodified factory environments of Hon-Hai Precision Industry. The positioning system contains four components: temporal filter, dynamic clustering, access point selection, and pattern-matching. We evaluated the performance using realistic Wi-Fi power measurements. Results show that, although reasonable accuracy is achieved (around 72-percentil error is smaller than 7 meter), there always exist much large errors (e.g., over 13 meter). We argue that for a large factory environment, sufficient number of the-same-floor APs is required for many indoor location-based applications such as labor tracking.
Effect of core body temperature on ventilator-induced lung injury

ObjectiveVentilator-induced lung injury is a risk in patients requiring elevated ventilatory support pressures. We hypothesized that thermal stress modulates the development of ventilator-induced lung injury. DesignExperimental study. SettingUniversity laboratory. SubjectsAnesthetized rabbits. InterventionsTwo experimental studies were designed to determine the role of temperature as a cofactor in ventilator-induced lung injury. In the first study, three groups of anesthetized rabbits were randomized to be ventilated for 2 hrs at core body temperatures of 33, 37, or 41°C while ventilated with pressure control ventilation of 15/3 cm H2O (noninjurious settings—control) or 35/3 cm H2O (potentially injurious settings—experimental). To exclude effects arising from cardiac output fluctuations or from extrapulmonary organs, an isolated lung model was used for the second study, perfused at a fixed rate and studied at either 33°C or 41°C. Measurements and Main ResultsIn the first study, the hyperthermic group compared with the hypothermic animals had significantly reduced mean Pao2 (−114 vs. + 14 mm Hg, p < .05), increased lung edema formation (mean wet weight/dry weight ratio of 8.1 vs. 5.7), and altered pressure-volume curves. The hyperthermic isolated, perfused lungs had an increased ultrafiltration coefficient, formed more edema, and experienced greater alveolar hemorrhage than hypothermic lungs. ConclusionsIn two studies of ventilator-induced lung injury in rabbits, maintaining hyperthermia compared with hypothermia augmented the development of lung injury. Similar results from both the in vivo and isolated, perfused lung studies suggest that the observed effects were not due to cardiovascular factors or consequences of heating nonpulmonary organs.
Insulin needs after CD3-antibody therapy in new-onset type 1 diabetes.

BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease that leads to a major loss of insulin-secreting beta cells. The further decline of beta-cell function after clinical onset might be prevented by treatment with CD3 monoclonal antibodies, as suggested by the results of a phase 1 study. To provide proof of this therapeutic principle at the metabolic level, we initiated a phase 2 placebo-controlled trial with a humanized antibody, an aglycosylated human IgG1 antibody directed against CD3 (ChAglyCD3). METHODS In a multicenter study, 80 patients with new-onset type 1 diabetes were randomly assigned to receive placebo or ChAglyCD3 for six consecutive days. Patients were followed for 18 months, during which their daily insulin needs and residual beta-cell function were assessed according to glucose-clamp-induced C-peptide release before and after the administration of glucagon. RESULTS At 6, 12, and 18 months, residual beta-cell function was better maintained with ChAglyCD3 than with placebo. The insulin dose increased in the placebo group but not in the ChAglyCD3 group. This effect of ChAglyCD3 was most pronounced among patients with initial residual beta-cell function at or above the 50th percentile of the 80 patients. In this subgroup, the mean insulin dose at 18 months was 0.22 IU per kilogram of body weight per day with ChAglyCD3, as compared with 0.61 IU per kilogram with placebo (P<0.001). In this subgroup, 12 of 16 patients who received ChAglyCD3 (75 percent) received minimal doses of insulin (< or =0.25 IU per kilogram per day) as compared with none of the 21 patients who received placebo. Administration of ChAglyCD3 was associated with a moderate "flu-like" syndrome and transient symptoms of Epstein-Barr viral mononucleosis. CONCLUSIONS Short-term treatment with CD3 antibody preserves residual beta-cell function for at least 18 months in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes.
A Theoretical Model of Triggered Displaced Aggression

A tit-for-tat matching rule (Axelrod, 1984) describes much interpersonal behavior. Yet, in daily lift a retaliatory aggressive response to a trivially mild provocation often inappropriately exceeds that expected from the matching rule. The concept of triggered displaced aggression can explain these exceptions to the matching principle. Building from the Cognitive Neoassociationistic model of aggressive behavior (Berkowitz, 1989, 1990, 1993), we developed a theoretical framework of social and personality factors that moderate and mediate the disjunctively escalated retaliation that can result from triggered displaced aggression. Major explanatory factors in our analysis of such effcts are as follows: (a) aspects of the Time 1 provocation and the immediate situation in which it occurred; (b) characteristics of initial provocations and personality factors of the actor that produce the ruminative thought that will temporally extend the effects of a Time 1 provocation, allowing them to interact with a delayed Time 2 minor triggering event; and (c) actions and attributes of the target of displaced aggression that augment these effects.
ECG T-wave patterns in genetically distinct forms of the hereditary long QT syndrome.

BACKGROUND The long QT syndrome is an inherited disorder with prolonged ventricular repolarization and a propensity to ventricular tachyarrhythmias and sudden arrhythmic death. Recent linkage studies have demonstrated three separate loci for this disorder on chromosomes 3, 7, and 11, and specific mutated genes for long QT syndrome have been identified on two of these chromosomes. We investigated ECG T-wave patterns (phenotypes) in members of families linked to three genetically distinct forms of the long QT syndrome. METHODS AND RESULTS Five quantitative ECG repolarization parameters, ie, four Bazett-corrected time intervals (QTonset-c, QTpeak-c, QTc, and Tduration-c, in milliseconds) and the absolute height of the T wave (Tamplitude, in millivolts), were measured in 153 members of six families with long QT syndrome linked to markers on chromosomes 3 (n = 47), 7 (n = 30), and 11 (n = 76). Genotypic data were used to define each family member as being affected or unaffected with long QT syndrome. Affected members of all six families had longer QT intervals (QTonset-c, QTpeak-c, or QTc) than unaffected family members (P < .01). Each of the three long QT syndrome genotypes was associated with somewhat distinctive ECG repolarization features. Among affected individuals, the QTonset-c was unusually prolonged in those individuals with mutations involving the cardiac sodium channel gene SCN5A on chromosome 3 (lead II QTonset-c [mean +/- SD]: chromosome 3, 341 +/- 42 ms; chromosome 7, 290 +/- 56 ms; chromosome 11, 243 +/- 73 ms; P < .001); Tamplitude was generally quite small in the chromosome 7 genotype (lead II Tamplitude, mV: chromosome 3, 0.36 +/- 0.14; chromosome 7, 0.13 +/- 0.07; chromosome 11, 0.37 +/- 0.17; P < .001); and Tduration was particularly long in the chromosome 11 genotype (lead II Tduration-c: chromosome 3, 187 +/- 33 ms; chromosome 7, 191 +/- 51 ms; chromosome 11, 262 +/- 65 ms; P < .001). Similar ECG findings were observed in leads aVF and V5. A considerable variability exists in the quantitative repolarization parameters associated with each genotype, with overlap in the T-wave patterns among the three genotypes. CONCLUSIONS Three separate genetic loci for the long QT syndrome including mutations in two cardiac ionic channel genes were associated with different phenotypic T-wave patterns on the ECG. This study provides insight into the influence of genetic factors on ECG manifestations of ventricular repolarization.
Intersection types and λ-definability

This paper presents a novel method for comparing computational properties of λ-terms that are typeable with intersection types, with respect to terms that are typeable with Curry types. We introduce a translation from intersection typing derivations to Curry typeable terms that is preserved by β-reduction: this allows the simulation of a computation starting from a term typeable in the intersection discipline by means of a computation starting from a simply typeable term. Our approach proves strong normalisation for the intersection system naturally by means of purely syntactical techniques. The paper extends the results presented in Bucciarelli et al. (1999) to the whole intersection type system of Barendregt, Coppo and Dezani, thus providing a complete proof of the conjecture, proposed in Leivant (1990), that all functions uniformly definable using intersection types are already definable using Curry types.
EFFECTS OF MAGNITUDE UNCERTAINTIES ON SEISMIC HAZARD ESTIMATES

The standard probability tree methodology of probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) allows for the explicit treatment of many kinds of uncertainty. These include both epistemic uncertainty (e.g., uncertainty in the parameters of the frequency-magnitude relation for a given source region, and in the form and parameters of relations for attenuation of strong shaking) and aleatory uncertainty (i.e., natural variability about the fitted relations). However, the analysis of uncertainty seldom extends to a formal treatment of uncertainties in the data on which the relations are based. Such uncertainties are not readily captured by the probability tree approach; rather they affect the quality of the fitted relations, and as shown below, may be a cause of bias or of spurious variability.
Performance of transform-domain LMS adaptive digital filters

In this paper we analyze the performance, particularly the convergence behavior, of the transform-domain least mean-square (LMS) adaptive digital filter (ADF) using the discrete Fourier transform and discrete orthogonal transforms such as discrete cosine and sine transforms. We first obtain the optimum Wiener solution and the minimum mean-squared error (MSE) in the transform domain. It is shown that the two minimum MSE's in the time and transform domains are identical independently of the transforms used. We then study the convergence conditions and the steady-state excess MSE's of the transform-domain LMS (TRLMS) algorithms both for the cases of having a constant and a time-varying convergence factors. When a constant convergence factor is used, the convergence behaviors of the LMS and TRLMS ADF's appear to be almost identical, provided that each has an appropriate value of the convergence factor depending on the transform used. Also, based on the concept of a self-orthogonalizing algorithm in the transform domain, it is shown that the convergence speed of the TRLMS ADF can be improved significantly for the same excess MSE as that of the LMS ADF. In addition, we compare the computational complexities of the LMS and TRLMS ADF'S. Finally, we investigate by computer simulation the effects of system parameter values and different transforms on the convergence behavior of the TRLMS ADF.
The murI gene of Escherichia coli is an essential gene that encodes a glutamate racemase activity

The murI gene of Escherichia coli was recently identified on the basis of its ability to complement the only mutant requiring D-glutamic acid for growth that had been described to date: strain WM335 of E. coli B/r (P. Doublet, J. van Heijenoort, and D. Mengin-Lecreulx, J. Bacteriol. 174:5772-5779, 1992). We report experiments of insertional mutagenesis of the murI gene which demonstrate that this gene is essential for the biosynthesis of D-glutamic acid, one of the specific components of cell wall peptidoglycan. A special strategy was used for the construction of strains with a disrupted copy of murI, because of a limited capability of E. coli strains grown in rich medium to internalize D-glutamic acid. The murI gene product was overproduced and identified as a glutamate racemase activity. UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine (UDP-MurNAc-L-Ala), which is the nucleotide substrate of the D-glutamic-acid-adding enzyme (the murD gene product) catalyzing the subsequent step in the pathway for peptidoglycan synthesis, appears to be an effector of the racemase activity.
Drug Resistance and R Factors in the Bowel Bacteria of London Patients before and after Admission to Hospital

The content of drug-resistant coliform bacteria in faecal specimens collected before admission from patients awaiting non-urgent surgery were compared with specimens collected in hospital. Resistant strains of Escherichia coli were isolated from 52% of preadmission specimens and were present in large numbers in 28%. Tetracycline, sulphonamide, and streptomycin resistance were commonest: 60% of resistant strains carried transmissible R factors and multiple resistance was commoner than single. No characteristically resistant intestinal bacteria of any genera were found in hospital specimens as compared with those from outside.
Incidences Of Endophytic Human Pathogens In Fresh Produce

The frequency of documented outbreaks of human illness associated with consumption of consumption of raw fruits and vegetables has increased in recent years. In present study 10 different fresh produce were proceed for standard plate count to evaluate the existence of endophytic bacterial human pathogens. This study revealed that out of the tested samples 60% were found to be contaminated with Salmonella spp. While 50% were loaded with endophytic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Maximum contamination was observed in leafy vegetables like spinach and coriander. While in Carrot, onion and radish pathogens was not observed. The potential internalization of pathogens in fresh produce is a concern of food safety and enlight the chances of epidemic outbreaks.
Multi-path routing considering inter-path interference using a mobile agent in the ad-hoc networks

In ad-hoc networks where different routing protocols from the wired network are used, a multi-path routing has been paid attention for the purpose of load balancing. The multi-path routing considering inter-path interference proposed in the past can reduce the amount of control packets. However, this routing protocol has a problem that an obtained path is not always suitable one. In this paper, we propose an effective multi-path routing considering inter-path interference using a mobile agent.
Estratégias para o suporte a ambientes de execução confiável em sistemas de computação na nuvem.

O alto poder computacional oferecido por provedores de nuvem, aliado as suas caracteristicas de flexibilidade, eficiencia e custo reduzido, tem levado cada vez mais usuarios a utilizar recursos em nuvem para implantacao de aplicacoes. Como consequencia, uma grande quantidade de dados de diversas aplicacoes criticas, e de alta demanda de processamento, passam a trafegar livremente pela nuvem. Considerando isso, especialmente para aplicacoes que lidam com dados sensiveis, como sistemas bancarios, medidores inteligentes de energia, entre outros, e de grande importância assegurar a integridade e confidencialidade de tais dados. Assim, e cada vez mais frequente que usuarios de recursos de uma nuvem exijam garantias de que suas aplicacoes estao executando em um ambiente de execucao confiavel. Abordagens tradicionais, como criptografia de dados em repouso e em comunicacao, combinadas com politicas rigidas de controle de acesso tem sido usadas com algum exito, mas ainda tem permitido serios ataques. No entanto, mais recentemente,Trusted Execution Environments(TEE) tem prometido garantias de integridade e confidencialidade de dados e codigos ao carrega-los e executalos em areas seguras e isoladas do processador da maquina. Assim, para dar suporte a implementacoes de TEE, tecnologias de seguranca em hardware podem ser utilizadas, como ARM Trustzone e Intel SGX. No contexto deste trabalho, usamos Intel SGX, que se propoe a garantir confidencialidade e integridade de dados e aplicacoes executadas dentro de areas protegidas de memoria, denominadas enclaves. Assim, o codigo e protegido ate de software com acesso privilegiado, como o proprio sistema operacional, hipervisores, entre outros. Diversos recursos da nuvem podem fazer uso de tais tecnologias de seguranca, entre eles maquinas virtuais e conteineres. Neste estudo, propomos estrategias para o suporte de TEE em ambientes de nuvem, integrando Intel SGX e OpenStack, uma plataforma de nuvem de codigo berto amplamente conhecida e utilizada por grandes empresas. Apresentamos uma nova bordagem no processo de provisionamento e escalonamento de maquinas virtuais e conteineres numa nuvem OpenStack segura, que considera aspectos essenciais para o SGX, como a quantidade de memoria segura sendo utilizada, oEnclave Page Cache(EPC). Porfim, validamos esta nuvem com uma aplicacao que exige processamento de dados sensiveis.
A QoS-based indoor wireless data network design for VoIP applications

Multiple factors are contributing to the surge in the demand for wireless LAN (WLAN): laptop penetration, increased user mobility, ubiquitous access to the Internet and intranets, and newly introduced voice over IP (VoIP) capabilities. Today almost all popular wireless LAN applications such as Web access, E-mail processing, telnet, FTP, and database access are using a client-server architecture. However, the number of supported mobile nodes depends on the type of application the user employs. Thus, evaluation of the number of voice users supported by a wireless LAN access point is beginning to attract the attention of those involved in deployment of wireless LAN. Currently, most commercial wireless data networks are arbitrarily installed. The only optimization, if any, is that for the area covered by an access point. However the coverage aspect of the network design is only suitable for the initial installation phases wherein the capacity of users and the channel utilization is low. We investigate QoS parameters necessary to support voice and the implications these parameters have on WLAN design.
Vaccines against Clostridium difficile

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is recognized as a major cause of nosocomial diseases ranging from antibiotic related diarrhea to fulminant colitis. Emergence during the last 2 decades of C. difficile strains associated with high incidence, severity and lethal outcomes has increased the challenges for CDI treatment. A limited number of drugs have proven to be effective against CDI and concerns about antibiotic resistance as well as recurring disease solicited the search for novel therapeutic strategies. Active vaccination provides the attractive opportunity to prevent CDI, and intense research in recent years led to development of experimental vaccines, 3 of which are currently under clinical evaluation. This review summarizes recent achievements and remaining challenges in the field of C. difficile vaccines, and discusses future perspectives in view of newly-identified candidate antigens.
Review article: the long‐term use of proton‐pump inhibitors

More than 15 years after the launch of omeprazole in 1988, proton‐pump inhibitors remain central to the management of acid‐suppression disorders and are unchallenged with regard to their efficacy and popularity among doctors and patients. They are considered safe despite early concerns about the possibility of an association with cancer and gastric atrophy; current concerns about long‐term proton‐pump inhibitor therapy are centred mainly on a possible association with fundic gland polyps and between Helicobacter pylori and gastric atrophic changes. Long‐term proton‐pump inhibitor usage accounts for the majority of the total proton‐pump inhibitor usage. Long‐term usage is difficult to define and most patients take proton‐pump inhibitors non‐continuously. Data indicate that a substantial proportion of long‐term users do not have a clear indication for their therapy and there is thus room for reduction or rationalization of treatment. Overall, on‐demand therapy is more cost‐effective than continuous therapy and should be considered wherever possible.
Plasmablastic lymphoma after standard-dose temozolomide for newly diagnosed glioblastoma

Secondary malignancies due to alkylating agents or topoisomerase II inhibitors are a concern in patients treated for primary brain tumors of the nervous system. Myelosuppression is the dose-limiting toxic effect of the alkylating agent temozolomide; reversible hematologic toxicity consisting mainly of thrombocytopenia is reported to occur in 7% of patients treated with concomitant radiotherapy and temozolomide and 14% with adjuvant temozolomide.1 However, the incidence of secondary malignancies and nonreversible hematologic disorders, such as myelodysplastic syndrome, are a rare complication of temozolomide.2