Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of Cameraria ohridella sex pheromone and its possible use in horse chestnut protection : Proceedings of IOBC wprs Working Group Meeting, Hohenheim 1999

The major component of sex attractant released by the virgin female of the horse-chestnut leafminer Cameraria ohridella Deschka et Dimi ae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), which devastates horse chestnut trees in Europe, was identified in picogram quantities as (8E,10Z)-tetradeca-8,10-dien- al. The spectral methods were not used, the identification relied entirely on alternative analytical methods like 1) gas chromatography with electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD), 2) calculation of Kovats' indices of the active principle on different GC phases, and 3) construction of EAG response profiles to C12 and C14 saturated and unsaturated standards with different functional groups. The synthetic pheromone was prepared by a stereospecific synthesis and shown to be highly active for conspecific males and was proved to be fully comparable to the natural substance in all respects. The potential use of the pheromone to protect horse chestnut trees in Europe is discussed.
Postponing the decision of final destination: A potential way to make IKEA more flexible and responsive

IKEA is a global retailer in the home furnishing business. The delivery lead time for products to reach IKEA stores or IKEA distribution centres from suppliers located across the globe can be up to 16 weeks and during this time the actual need will change. As a result the order quantity which is based on the forecasted quantity is not always matches the actual need. In addition to variation in demand, constraints in supplier capacity and distribution result in stock out, excess stock or early deliveries. In order for the company to stay competitive and grow in the e-commerce business, there is a need for a more flexible and responsive supply chain. Therefore IKEA has realised potentials in implementing a postponement strategy in the distribution network to achieve this. In order to explore if postponement is feasible for IKEA, the distribution network has been mapped. The consequences of deciding destinations early in the supply has been discussed for each IKEA stakeholder. Currently, IKEA decides the final destination, which can be a store, distribution centre or a customer distribution centre, when they place an order to a supplier. Customer distribution centres are used for online customer orders. IKEA has three different replenishment solutions from suppliers to stores or selling units, Direct Delivery, delivery through distribution centre and Combined Supply, which is a combination of the other two solutions. Some of the deliveries that is categorised as Direct Deliveries are cross-docked at a distribution centre. These deliveries are called Transit Deliveries. External companies have been interviewed about the use of deciding destination at a later stage. Their inputs in terms of benefits and challenges with the postponement concept has been used together with interviews with employees at IKEA entities and IKEA suppliers to create and analyse three different postponement scenarios. The first scenario is to postpone the destination decision until shortly before an order is dispatched from a supplier. This is most valuable for make-to-order suppliers who have a long production lead time. The second scenario is to postpone the destination decision until shortly before the goods are received at a distribution centre. This is only suitable for Transit Deliveries, where goods are cross-docked at distribution centres. The third scenario is to postpone the destination decision until shortly before the goods arrive at a consolidation point, port of loading or port of discharge. The scenario can be suitable for all the replenishment solutions. The thesis result can be an addition to the existing literature about postponement, which is mostly about delaying the production or movement of goods until the customer demand is known. However, postponement can be implemented by delaying the decision of final destination of products during the production phase or during the distribution.
Fault Localization Analysis Based on Deep Neural Network

With software’s increasing scale and complexity, software failure is inevitable. To date, although many kinds of software fault localization methods have been proposed and have had respective achievements, they also have limitations. In particular, for fault localization techniques based on machine learning, the models available in literatures are all shallow architecture algorithms. Having shortcomings like the restricted ability to express complex functions under limited amount of sample data and restricted generalization ability for intricate problems, the faults cannot be analyzed accurately via those methods. To that end, we propose a fault localization method based on deep neural network (DNN). This approach is capable of achieving the complex function approximation and attaining distributed representation for input data by learning a deep nonlinear network structure. It also shows a strong capability of learning representation from a small sized training dataset. Our DNN-based model is trained utilizing the coverage data and the results of test cases as input and we further locate the faults by testing the trained model using the virtual test suite. This paper conducts experiments on the Siemens suite and Space program. The results demonstrate that our DNN-based fault localization technique outperforms other fault localization methods like BPNN, Tarantula, and so forth.
Serving Children Who are Gifted: Perceptions of Undergraduates Planning to Become Teachers

Seeking information about preconceived notions of the educational needs of children who are gifted, we asked 285 undergraduates in prerequisite classes for teacher education to complete questionnaires. Topics addressed included the need for special services for children who are gifted, perceptions of forms of service delivery in elementary schools, and egalitarian versus elitist issues in gifted education. Preferences among our respondents fell in favor of services carried out in general classroom settings at elementary schools, reflecting egalitarian attitudes. We found misconceptions, compared to empirical evidence, for notions about tutoring practices and academic acceleration. In their response rates to items, undergraduates previously served as gifted differed only occasionally from those not served as gifted. We discuss implications of our findings in terms of the need for proponents of gifted programs to address some misconceptions that appear to be related to school reform and appropriate services for children who are gifted.
Quantification and Compensation of Nonspecific Analyte Aggregation in Electrospray Sampling

Electrospray (ES) sources are commonly used to introduce nonvolatile materials (e.g., nanoparticles, proteins, etc.) to the gas phase for characterization by mass spectrometry or ion mobility. Recent studies in our group using ES ion mobility to characterize protein aggregation in solution have raised the question as to whether the ES itself induces aggregation and thus corrupts the results. In this article, we develop a statistical model to determine the extent to which the ES process induces the formation of dimers and higher-order aggregates. The model is validated through ES differential mobility experiments using gold nanoparticles. The results show that the extent of droplet-induced aggregation is quite severe and previously reported cutoff criterion is inadequate. We use the model in conjunction with experiment to show the true dimer concentration in a protein solution as a function of concentration. The model is extendable to any ES source analytical system and to higher aggregation states. For users only interested in implementation of the theory, we provide a section that summarizes the relevant formulas.
PERCEPTION-BASED SIMPLIFICATION FOR BINAURAL ROOM AURALISATION

Room auralisation refers to the process by which the acoustic response of a room is rendered audible using signal processing techniques. The major part of the computational complexity in a binaural room auralisation system arises from the processing of the early reflections. However, most of the early reflections in a room are suppressed by the auditory system in a variety of psychoacoustical processes such as temporal masking and the precedence effect. This paper presents a perception-based data reduction method based on a mathematical model of the precedence effect. Results of a subjective evaluation in the form of a virtual sourceidentification experiment are presented. It is shown that it is possible to reduce the total number of reflections by 70% without significantly affecting the localisation acuity. 12 .
Rotavirus and its Genotype Distribution among Children Less than Three Years Presenting with Acute Watery Diarrhoea to a General Hospital in Urban Nepal

Introduction: Viruses are the most common cause for diarrhoea in infants and small children. Rotavirus is the most frequent viral etiology, causing 125 million episodes of infantile diarrhoea and over 600,000 deaths per year. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study between January and March 2008 was conducted at Patan Hospital, Kathmandu to find out the prevalence of rotavirus among children < 3 years with watery diarrhoea and to identify common strains of rotavirus in the study population. Testing for rotavirus was undertaken by using Rota/Adeno screen Dipstick M583CE. Rotavirus strain identification was done at Nagasaki University Japan. Data was analyzed using SPSS® for Windows V 15.0 software. Results: 119 children with acute watery diarrhoea were enrolled. Rotavirus antigen was found in 63 cases (53%). The highest percentage of rotavirus infection was found in the second six months of life. Among the children with positive rotavirus antigen, the median age was 10 months (IRQ 8.00). The most predominant strain of rotavirus identified was G12 followed by G9 and G1. Most predominant G and P combination was G9 P[8] followed by G12P[6]. Conclusion: The study has shown the prevalence of unusual serotypes of rotavirus. Though rotavirus vaccine has been studied, used widely and found to be very effective, none of the vaccine efficacy studies have included common serotypes identified in Nepal. Level of protection conferred by infant immunization with the current rotavirus vaccines against the strains circulating in Nepal is unknown and careful surveillance through vaccine implementation is needed.
Quid-Pro-Quo or Winner-Takes-It-All? An Analysis of Corporate Leniency Programs

We develop a model that allows for a comparison of past and present corporate leniency programs for cartel behavior as enacted e.g. in the USA and the EU. In particular, we analyze whether fine reductions should be independent of the amount of evidence provided by self-reporting cartels (as it is the case in the US leniency program and the new EU program enacted in 2002) or whether fines should depend on evidence provision (as in the old EU program). We find that only firms which provide the (relatively) highest amount of evidence should be granted a substantial fine reduction. We derive sucient conditions for the optimality and sub-optimality of a full amnesty for this firm. Firms with lower evidence provision should only be indierent between self-reporting and facing an expected fine due to self-reporting of the high evidence provider. We use these results to review recent developments in the design of leniency programs.
[Review of Pay without Performance: The Unfulfilled Promise of Executive Compensation ]

Excerpt] Every once in a while someone comes out with an important book concerning corporate governance or executive compensation. Like Aldolf A. Berle and Gardiner C. Means's The Modern Corporation and Private Property (New York: Harcourt, Brace, and World, 1932) and Graef S. Crystal's In Search of Excess: The Overcompensation of American Executives (New York: W.W. Norton, 1991), Bebchuk and Fried's new book is thought-provoking and interesting. It is a very important book and should be read not just by those interested in executive pay or corporate governance but by anyone interested in how corporations work.
A Ray of Hope for Future Technology: Phosphorene

In the recent times, two dimensional layered single crystals attracted huge attention to their tunable mechanical, optical and electronic properties which have potential applications in future nanoelectronics and optoelectronics for large scale integration in low power technology. Phosphorene, the single- or few layer form of black phosphorus, was lately investigated as a two dimension layered material with motivating promising applications in the field of nanoelectronics and optoelectronics. However, there is still a need for developing its fundamental properties, design schemes and growth techniques. In this context, we review about the recent progress in phosphorene studies, primarily on the fabrication process, properties, forthcoming applications and challenges. In this article, the anisotropic properties (electronic, optoelectronic, thermoelectric and mechanical) of phosphorene, due to its puckered structure is also highlighted. The extraordinary properties of phosphorene make it a future material for designing and fabrication of nanodevices, and more fundamental and technological developments can be established in the near future.
Motion Deblurring of Infrared Images

Infrared images of an uncooled micro-bolometer can show significant blurring effects by recording a moving object. The electrical signal in the pixel of a micro-bolometer detector decays exponentially, hence the moving object is mapped to more pixels resulting in a blurred image. Not only the contrast is corrupted by the motion, but also the temperature of the object seems to be significantly less. In this paper it is shown how such images can be deblurred and the true temperature with a good approximation restored. As the detection mechanism of a micro-bolometer camera is different to CCD or CMOS cameras, therefore the point spread function (PSF) needed for the deblurring restoration is also different. It is shown, how the exponential coefficient of the PSF can be calculated if the motion speed and the camera resolution are known, otherwise how it can be estimated from the image itself. Experimental examples are presented for motion deblurring used to restore images with linear or with rotational motion.
Is bevacizumab plus chemotherapy superior to chemotherapy alone in treatment of metastasic colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and second leading causes of cancer deaths in the United States. Over the past 12 years, significant progress has been made in the systemic treatment of this malignant condition. The development of targeted biological therapies, such as anti-angiogenesis therapy with bevacizumab, has significantly impacted the survival of patients with cancer. Yet, despite these advances, nearly all patients with metastatic colorectal cancer will succumb to the disease. This review summarizes the results from certain phase-III clinical studies to determine if bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy is superior to chemotherapy alone in treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Studies found that the addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy significantly improves response rates, TTP, PFS and overall survival for first-line mCRC. The reported severe adverse effects were similar to that reported in phase II clinical trials. Bevacizumab plus chemotherapy is superior to chemotherapy alone in treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer and was proven in the phase III randomized controlled clinical studies.
Effect of packing treatments on green life and peel-split of banana cv. rasthali (AAB)

A study was conducted with Rasthali banana during 1996–97 to investigate the effect of certain postharvest treatments like harvesting at different maturity stages viz., 80%, 90% and 100%, air packing of fruits with ethylene absorbent, vacuum packing and newspaper wrapping. It was found that the green life and physiological loss in weight (PLW) decreased with progressive levels of harvest maturity. Storage life similar to that obtained with refrigeration can be achieved at ambient temperature by packing bananas in evacuated bags (vacuum packing). Air packing of fruit dipped in GA3 150 ppm further enhanced the green life than air pack alone. The vacuum packed and air packed fruits showed drastic reduction in PLW during storage compared with control. The organoleptic quality of vacuum packed and air packed fruits were good until 30 days for storage under room temperature beyond which, the quality deteriorated due to carbon-di-oxide injury and crown-rot. Rasthali (Silk) is a sensitive fruit that cannot toLerate CO2 levels above 7%. Hence, vacuum packing is recommended which will maintain the CO2 levels below 7% thereby prolonging the green life.
Photoacclimation of Stylophora pistillata to light extremes: metabolism and calcification

The hermatypic coral Stylophora pistillata has a wide bathymetric distribution (0 to 70 m). Within this range, light intensity decreases exponentially. Deep-water colonies are generally planar in morphology, with the upper part being dark and the bottom-facing part pale. Shallow-water colonies are generally subspherical and ivory in coloration. We studied the effects of photoacclima- tion on photosynthesis, respiration, and calcification in S. pistillata colonies along its bathymetric range over a reef profile (5 to 65 m) in Eilat, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, during winter and summer, using a submersible respirometer. Respiration rate, light-saturated rate of photosynthesis (Pmax), compensa- tion light intensity (Ec), and light intensity of incipient saturation (Ek), all decreased with depth. In contrast, the efficiency of photosynthesis (α) increased with depth. All colonies displayed 'light- enhanced calcification' during daytime and decreasing calcification rates with depth. These results indicate an adjustment in harvesting and utilization of light by the algal symbionts to the light envi- ronment. At all light intensities except the lowest ones, there was a consistent ratio of calcification to photosynthesis, in agreement with the concept of light-enhanced calcification. In the deepest, low- light corals, there was no evidence for support of calcification by photosynthesis, and we assume that these colonies subsist mainly by preying on zooplankton.
Keeping Your Distance: The Relationship Between the Size of Psychological Distance and Sport Type

Psychological distance (PD) measures individual responses to an intruder entering one’s personal space. PD is based on four theories of human spatial behaviors - proxemics (Hall, 1990), personal space (Hayduk, 1981a, 1981b), interpersonal distance (Aiello, 1987) and privacy (Westin, 1967). The present study examined whether gender and type of sport infl uence the emotional attitudes towards the respective sport and the size of PD in pair dancers (n = 41) and combat athletes (n = 42). Dancers and females expressed a more positive attitude towards their respective sport. Moreover, combat athletes were characterized by smaller psychological distance than dancers. The results questioned the hypothesized positive relationship between positive emotions and smaller distance.
Automated Data Collection for Usability Evaluation in Early Stages of Application Development

Modern interactive applications are event-driven. User interface events are referred to as those that are generated when the user interacts with the application via its user interface. Relevant user interface events provide crucial data for usability evaluation. Due to iterative design, evaluation, and redesign of the user interface in early stages of application development, automated support for data collection and analysis is desirable. We in this paper describe an aspect-oriented approach to automated data collection and as shown in a case study the data collected with our approach is amenable to subsequent analysis.
Developing Organizational Creativity

Previous research has shown that enhancing the creative process is vital to remain competitive and to improve the overall innovation of a firm. Therefore, it is important that the creative potential of every employee is utilized to the fullest. When employees perceive themselves as having creative potential, but are not exhibiting this potential then there are probably restricting organizational factors. The aim of this study is to provide empirical evidence of whether and to what degree the relationship between creative potential and practised creativity is moderated by contextual factors. The constructs of creative potential and practised creativity validated by DiLiello and Houghton (2008) has been extended with 8 contextual factors identified by Amabile, Conti, Coon, Lazenby and Herron (1996), i.e. organizational support, supervisor encouragement, freedom, resources, work group support, challenge, workload pressure and organizational impediments. This new extended model was tested with an online questionnaire among 329 employees from a highly innovative Dutch telecom organization. Results showed that organizational support, challenge and workload pressure were important factors in the perceived execution of one’s creative potential. Supervisor encouragement, work group support, resources and organizational impediments were not significant in influencing creative potential and practised creativity. Freedom showed not to have acceptable reliability coefficients to be significant. This study has shed light on the contextual factors that can be altered to enhance the practised creativity throughout the organization and management education is advised on the types of contextual factors and their effects on creativity and performance. This is a first step to extend the dominant creativity model with the creative potential construct. This research ends with a discussion of the theoretical, practical implications and limitations of the results.
Assimilation of Doppler Radar Data and Its Impact on Prediction of a Heavy Meiyu Frontal Rainfall Event

Operational Doppler radar observations have potential advantages over other above-surface observations when it comes to assimilation for mesoscale model simulations with high spatial and temporal resolution. To improve the forecast of a heavy frontal rainfall event that occurred in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin from 4 July to 5 July 2014 in China, operational radar observations are assimilated by the Local Analysis and Prediction System (LAPS). Radar reflectivity data are used primarily in the LAPS cloud analysis procedure, which retrieves the number of hydrometeors and adjusts the moisture and cloud fields. Radial velocity data are analyzed through the LAPS wind analysis-based successive correction method. A new correction method is developed to correct three-dimensional radar reflectivity data based on hourly surface rain gauge observations. The performance of the correction method is demonstrated by assimilating radar reflectivity observations into LAPS. Experiments with different radar data assimilation are examined. Results show that the assimilation of radar data can effectively correct the background errors and improve the heavy rainfall forecast. The simulated intensity, pattern, and temporal evolution of the heavy rainfall event are better improved with radar reflectivity assimilation, especially when the correction method is implemented to correct radar observations.