Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BODE Index: A Predictor of COPD Exacerbation

Introduction: The severity of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is often graded using parameter like Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1). The BODE (body mass index, degree of airflow obstruction, dyspnea grading and exercise testing) index is a multi-dimensional tool taking into account body mass index, severity of obstruction, dyspnea grading and 6MWT (six minute walk test) to assess severity of COPD. Objective: To study BODE index as a predictor of risk of exacerbation for improving COPD outcome. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective study over a period of 2 years, on 60 stable COPD patients by evaluating the body-mass index, spirometry, Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale and 6MWT and categorizing into mild, moderate and severe COPD cases on the basis of spirometry and into 4 quartiles on the basis of BODE index value (scores 0-2, 3-4, 5-6 and 7-10). We investigated the prognostic value of BODE quartiles for both the number and severity of exacerbations requiring ambulatory treatment, emergency room visit or hospitalization. Results: In our study, spirometry showed mild obstruction in 16.7%, moderate obstruction in 26.7%, severe obstruction in 38.3% and very severe obstruction in 18.3% of patients. According to BODE score 52% of patients were quartile 1, 21% quartile 2, 15% quartile 3 and 12% were quartile 4. There was a significant relation between BODE index and COPD severity (p < 0.001). In our study, 8.3% patients had no exacerbation; maximum number of exacerbation were 7 observed in 8.3 % patients and 21.7% of patients had 3 exacerbations in 2 years and 16.7% patients had 1 exacerbation in 2 years. It was observed that higher the BODE index; greater is the severity of COPD and more are the number of exacerbations. Conclusion: BODE index should be calculated in every COPD patients for better prediction of risk of exacerbation, hospitalization and for judicious referral of patients with COPD, thereby preventing the wastage of the limited resources available.
BARK EXTRACT OF SHOREA ROBUSTA ON MODULATION OF IMMUNE RESPONSE IN RATS

Immune activation is an effective and protective approach against emerging infectious diseases. The immunomodulatory activities of Shorea robusta bark was evaluated by testing the various immunological parameters. Sheep red blood cells (5 x 10 cells/ml) were used for immunizing the animals that belongs to immunized groups. This study was performed with a set of immunomodulation such as the humoral antibody response (hemagglutination antibody titers, immunoglobulins), cell mediated immune response (delayed type hypersensitivity and phagocytosis), nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test, total lymphocyte count (TLC) and DC. Ethanolic extract of Shorea robusta bark was administered p.o. (orally) to the mice at a dose of 100mg and 300mg/kg body weight per day for 14 days. In this study, Shorea robusta bark extract administrated rat models at 300mg/kg per day, i.p should significant important in stimulating immunomodulatory response, thus Shorea robusta bark is an effective natural health product for in modulating immune system.
Enhancing polycystic ovarian syndrome awareness using private social network.

Background The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of mobile health technology such as private social network (PCOS system) in creating awareness about the disease management among the women diagnosed with the polycystic ovarian syndrome. Methods A pilot study was conducted in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. The study was carried out for a period of three months using a private social network as an intervention. The private social network is used as an interface to educate and create awareness among the participants in the study. Fifty women diagnosed with PCOS were randomly selected and were distributed in to control group (doesn't use PCOS system) and intervention group (use the private social network). The level of the polycystic ovarian syndrome awareness was measured using a structured questionnaire at the beginning and end of the follow-up period. Results More than 80 posts and 10 pictures contain data about PCOS were conveyed by medical staff. Also, about 120 private SMS messages between medical staff and the patients were refined. The after effects of this investigation demonstrated that the intervention had better awareness about polycystic ovary syndrome management compared to the control group (F =18.25; P<0.0001). Conclusions This study of the private social network among the PCOS patients demonstrated that mobile health technology such as the private social network can substantially enhance the PCOS disease awareness levels among Saudi women. The PCOS System can also help in reducing the costs as most of the disease management process is handled over the application through the messages and feedbacks is provided through the application, and in saving time by avoiding hospital visits. This study is first-of-its kind conducted in Saudi Arabia.
Problems and Prospects of E-Governance in an Emerging State: The Nigerian Example

: The study was undertaken to examine the problems and prospects of adopting e-governance in an emerging state with Nigeria as a point of reference. To achieve the objective of the study, the researcher adopted content analytical technique as there was heavy reliance on secondary data obtained from articles published in reputable journals, official publications, relevant books, etc. After critical analysis of the available literature on the subject matter, the study revealed among others – that poor knowledge of ICT, Inadequate Legal framework, inadequate infrastructure, etc are among the factors that impede effective implementation of e-governance in Nigeria. On the other hand, the study discovered that e-governance holds a lot of prospects for the country such as providing information on job vacancies, e-police system, medium for information dissemination, economic development among others. On the strength of the foregoing, the following recommendations were adduced – that government should provide ICT infrastructure, there should be enactment of ICT laws in the country, government should show commitment to make e-governance achieve successes in the country, etc. The study concludes that e-governance is central to actualization of simple, moral, accountable, responsive and transparent government in the country.
10-year outcomes post coronary artery bypass grafting in Asian patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy: a comprehensive analysis of survival and cardiac performance

Background Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is the standard of care for patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Despite recent evidence supporting the role of CABG, long term outcomes for patients with ICM remain poor and 10-year results post CABG in ICM patients are under-reported, especially among Asians. Uncertainty on whether CABG improves cardiac performance and survival in the long term remains. In this study, we aim to analyze 10-year results concerning cardiac performance and survival post CABG in Asian patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤35% and predominant heart failure symptoms, and identify perioperative risk factors affecting long term survival and cardiac function. Methods Thirty-six patients with LVEF <35% who had CABG performed between the year 2006–2009 were selected from local hospital records for retrospective analysis. Outcomes of interest included post-operative cardiac symptoms, LVEF & 10-year all-cause and cardiac-event free survival. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan Meier analysis, and predictive factors were identified with log- rank test and logistic regression analysis. Results The mean age of the cohort was 62.9±9.9 years. Operative mortality within 30 days was 5.6%. The 10-year all-cause mortality rate was 55.6%. The mean duration of survival was 105.9±8.3 months. Of the patients who did not survive till 10 years, 65.0% died of cardiac-related causes, with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction being the commonest cause. CABG improved LVEF (24.9% to 32.2%; P<0.001) and 66.7% of patients remained with impaired LVEF ≤35% post CABG. Post op NYHA class 3–4 symptoms (OR: 6.3; P=0.012) was the only predictive factor for 10 year all-cause mortality and post op LVEF improvement ≥5% (OR: 5.8; 95% CI, 1.1–29.9; P=0.036) was associated with improvement in NYHA class. Completeness of revascularization and viability of myocardium were not predictive of survival or changes in LVEF or NYHA class. Conclusions The 10-year survival rates of Asian patients with ICM were similarly disappointing as its counterparts in the west. A majority of patients still suffered from cardiac-event related deaths. Post CABG NYHA class was found to be important in determining success and adequacy of treatment in patients with ICM and improvement in LVEF ≥5% was predictive of improvement of symptoms. Neither completeness of revascularization or presence of myocardial viability had any impact on survival in our patient cohort.
A Relational Database for Student Course Evaluation

Evaluating the teaching performance of the faculty is an integral part of the academic process with major implications on the careers of the faculty and institutions involved. Student course evaluation represents an important metric for assessing the teaching performance of the faculty. However, evaluating the teaching performance of the faculty through student course evaluations poses several challenges and issues. It is important to accurately assess the faculty teaching, while minimizing grade inflation. The process of evaluating teaching performance through student course evaluations should be fair and rational, in addition to being carried out as promptly as possible. This paper presents a computerized system for the collection and analysis of student course evaluations. The different issues and problems involved in the course evaluations process are discussed. The various metrics that can be used to assess the student course evaluations are also presented.
Abfraction-Myth or Reality? Why Some Wedge-shaped Cervical Lesions are not Caused by Acid Erosion?

The aims of this study is to demonstrate that not all the lost of dental structure is caused by acid neither the abrasivity of tooth brushing nor the toothpaste. Abfraction is called the wedge-shaped lesion in the Cement-enamel Junction (CEJ) caused by eccentric occlusal forces that lead to the tooth bending. An injury strictly of the cervical enamel that rebounds in dentine and cementum that causes the dental flexion in where periodontium plays an important role. Although the processes of lost of dental structure are due to multifactorial causes, the action of the para funcional forces is acting in one or several pieces of the same sector. During the development of the present study, different causes are mentioned and the reasons why not all the aetiology of non carious cervical lesions, are the response to the action of acids. When the harmful force that generates the loss in wedge shape is present, the structure of the enamel is open giving rise to acid elements that become risk factors to trigger a greater loss of dental structure.
Numerical Optimal Transport and its Applications

Optimal transport is an old problem, formulated by Monge in the 18th century. However, it took several mathematical revolutions for it to become an indispensable tool both in theory and in practice. This article traces these revolutions, initiated by Leonid Kantorovich during the Second World War. His formulation lends itself to advanced mathematical analysis and its application to many problems. It makes optimal transportation a tool of choice for addressing the recent explosion of data science.
ANALYSIS OF A2O PROCESS IN WASTE WATER USING STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES

In this study, a wastewater treatment plant operated by the A2O process was selected and the water quality analysis data from 2007 to 2017 was analyzed statistically to find out the optimum operation possibility of the process. The water quality data were pH, temperature, BOD, COD, SS, T-N, T-P and E. coli. The basic statistics, correlation analysis, principe component analysis, cluster analysis, anova, and time series analysis were used. The BOD and COD data showed the high correlation with SS through correlation analysis. On the other hand, T-N and T-P data showed the high correlation each other. According to the results of cluste and dispersion analysis, T-N showed a little seasonal effects. The results of T-P showed an increasing trend in summer and autumn. This could be the reason that the inferiority was reduced by the low C/P ratio in the anaerobic tank. In the T-N dispersion analysis, the discharge quality of the winter was higher than other seasons. Therefore, the treatment efficiency was lower than other seasons. It is considered that this is due to the decrease of the nitrogen removal efficiency by the low C/N ratio By time series analysis, the T-N of the discharged water quality fluctuated greatly in 2015, but the TN value remained almost unchanged after that. On the contrary, T-N of influent fluctuated significantly in 2016 and 2017.
A survey on recommendation system

: In this paper, we give a brief introduction about recommendation systems, components of recommendation systems i.e. items, users and user-item matching algorithms, various approaches of recommendation systems i.e. Collaborative filtering (people-to-people correlation) approach, Content-based recommendation approach, Demographic recommendation approach, Social network-based recommendation approach, Hybrid recommendation approach and Context-based recommendation approach, We also explain various application areas of recommendation systems (e-government, e-business, e-commerce/e-shopping, e-library, e-learning, e-tourism, e-resource services) and challenges.
Impact of various strategies of Recommender system to improve customer loyalty for Electronic CRM: A Survey

: In today’s scenario, the growing e-business provides automated personalized websites for understanding the behavior and preferences of every consumer. This automated process predicts the future consumers in electronic CRM by using recommender system. Various technologies are used for qualitative recommendation which is beneficial for both consumer and marketers of electronic CRM. The aim of electronic CRM is to help organization for better management of present and future aspects of consumers and to develop an integrated electronic CRM analytics framework with recommendation system strategies. This automatically predicts the purchasing behavior and preferences of consumers and gain consumer satisfaction and loyalty for improving the quality of electronic CRM. This paper researches on both recommender system and electronic-CRM which can be implemented across various organizations for development.
Biochar Produced at Different Temperatures as Bioamendment to Reduce Bioavailability of Heavy Metals

Biochar (BC) is considered as a promising material that can be used as a cost-effective soil amendment to immobilize the heavy metals in contaminated sites. Soil where shooting practices are conducted is extremely contaminated with heavy metals, exclusively by Pb and Cu, owing to the bullets and bullet fragments. In this study, woody BC, prepared by slow pyrolysis of Gliricidia sepium biomass at 300 and 500°C with a holding time of 3h and a waste byproduct of the same biomass from a bioenergy industry (BC700) were checked as potential bioamendments for heavy metal immobilization in shooting site soils in Sri Lanka. A pot experiment was carried out by adding BC together with soil at three different percentages i.e.1.0, 2.5 and 5% (w/w). Soil without amendments served as the controls. All treatments were done in triplicate and arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD). Following 6 week, the sequential extraction method was conducted th to determine the bioavailability of Pb and Cu. The initial soil pH was 5.64 and a relatively low electrical conductivity value was observed (28.41μS/cm). The total contamination levels of Pb and Cu in the soil were 20800 and 1860 mg/kg and the exchangeable concentrations are 16314.53 and 913.47 mg/kg, respectively. The pH values of all the treatments lay between 5.64-7.09. Although there was not any significant difference between the treatments, pH showed a slight increase with the application of BC from the higher pyrolysis temperature and with increasing application rate. The highest extractable concentrations of Pb and Cu were observed in the control soil, whereas the highest immobilization of metal percentage was recorded in the 5% BC700 treatment for Pb and Cu, 48.80 and 83.96% respectively compared to control. The results suggested that the addition of BC, which is a waste byproduct of the bioenergy industry at the rate of 5%, has the capability of immobilizing heavy metals from the contaminated soil.
Supervised person annotation in video sequences

Nowadays, Artificial Intelligence in computation vision is widely used, and there are constant improvements in object detection and recognition systems. So, the aim of this project is to implement a new solution that can recognize people using their face and annotate information in a database for latter consumption. In this study we have selected an environment based on a TV talk show, where the persons we will try to find are journalists and politicians. Although this could be a multimodal recognition system, we have focused this project on the visual information, that is, face recognition. The proposed system consists of three main parts, those being, detection, tracking and recognition, that allow us to fine tune some of the parameters in order to generalize the system for other environments. As an output of the system we would know how many of the persons of interest appear inside a video, when and for how long.
STUDYING THE EFFECTIVE CAUSE TO PREVENT THE INJURY IN STUDENTS

The purpose of this study was effective cause in reducing injury in students from teachers’ viewpoints. To do this, 118 physical education in Shiraz were selected randomly and questionnaire made were collected and distributed among them. questionnaire include effective causes in prevention from education injury (5.73%) students in schools that categorized in four sector such as method of teacher management, facilities and equipment’s in school, student’s behaviors and other factors. Descriptive and inferential statistics used for analyze data. The result of study show that the most cause of student’s injuries respectively are method of teacher’s management (6.41%) student’s behaviors (2.33%),places and equipment’s of school (4.17%) and other factors (8.7%). in below the method of teacher’s management introduced respectively knowledge and science of teacher from physical injuries, teacher ‘guidance in prevention from injury and codification and regulation of class was the most causes of injury from physical teacher viewpoint. between classroom supplies management of physical education teacher and scale of physical injuries in school was observed meaningful relationship. totally among effective components on physical injury of schools students, awareness and knowledge of physical education teacher has the most effect. holding workshops and conferences in the field of injury and highest level of physical education’s teachers awareness and using education and training only from graduate of physical education as a teacher of physical education can effective and useful in prevention and reducing injury in students.
The role of instructional leadership for students pro-ecology behaviour

Environmental protection and recovery are the main challenges facing our society today, therefore it is important to know and understand more about pro-ecology behaviour, and what factors influence it. The study was conducted to explain the effect between Instructional Leadership on Student Pro-ecology Behaviour Quantitative method was used to analyse the results. In addition to this, the survey also used through expose fact studies. The sampling was carried out by means of multistage random sampling using the selected 100 students of MAN 6 East Jakarta. From 100 people divided into two groups that gave an assessment of Instructional Leadership below the average of 50 people and above the average of 50 people. Data analysis using t-test to test whether there is influence between Instructional Leadership on Pro-ecology Behaviour. Two opinion instruments have been developed which produce new concepts about Instructional Leadership and pro-ecology behaviour, each of which is 30 items that are valid and realiable. distribution of descriptive and inferential data. The next finding is the influence between Instructional Leadership on the Pro-ecology Behaviour that is significant (t = 1.83> t table = 1.67 α 0.05 df: 48). This shows a high or low level of positivity. The student pro-ecology behaviour was not caused by its assessment of the Melian Instructional Leadership Teacher but because of other factors. Other factors are recommended for further research both internal and external factors. The massive external factor influencing students is probably social media in the era of industrial revolution 4.0.
Ghrelin Level in Type2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity

Ghrelin, a peptide hormone is responsible for change in energy homeostasis affected by food intake and growth hormone (GH) secretion. Moreover, it also modulates glucose metabolism. Studies have suggested that levels of ghrelin fluctuates in different physiological conditions like obesity and diabetes mellitus. Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the ghrelin levels in these three groups and to investigate whether there is any association of ghrelin with type 2 diabetes and obesity. Material and Method; A total number of 90 subjects were enrolled in the study after considering inclusion and exclusion criteria ,among them 30 subjects were suffering from Type2DM, 30 were obese with BMI >30 and 30 were normal without Type2DM and Obesity. A comprehensive questionnaire was used to collect the data from 90 volunteers. Body height, weight, waist and hip circumference were measured according to procedure described by WHO and BMI was calculated. Glucose and ghrelin levels were measured by using Ghrelin measurement kits. Results; All parameters of study of obese subjects were higher as compared to diabetic and control subjects. Blood glucose levels of diabetics were towards the higher side as compared with obese and control subjects. Fasting serum ghrelin was significantly lower in type 2 diabetic and obese as compared to control subjects [34.63±6.86 (diabetic), 46.97± 12.04 (obese), 171.56±28.0 (control)] P < 0.005. There was a negative correlation of serum ghrelin levels with fasting glucose (r = 0.40, p = 0.024*). This study demonstrated that hyperglycemia may result in suppression of ghrelin levels in type 2 diabetic and obese subjects Conclusion; serum Ghrelin level is decreased in T2DM and Obesity