Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of initial fermentation medium on bioacetone, biobutanol, and bioethanol (BioABE) production from fermentable sugars of Acacia mangium using Clostridium acetobutylicum YM1

Bioacetone, biobutanol, and bioethanol (BioABE) production is dependent on the fermentable sugars produced from lignocellulosic biomass and on the composition and initial pH of the medium. Understanding these process variables and their interconnectedness could enhance the BioABE product yield. Acacia mangium is available abundantly and it is a potential feedstock for BioABE production. In this study, BioABE was produced from fermentable sugars of A. mangium using Clostridium acetobutylicum YM1. Alkaline treated A. mangium (70 °C, 3 h, 5.50 %w/v NaOH) was further hydrolyzed via enzymatic hydrolysis using a multi-enzyme of white rot fungi to convert it into fermentable sugars. Approximately 15 g/L of fermentable sugars was produced from A. mangium (100 g/L) and was used for BioABE production in comparison with glucose. Initial findings showed that only 0.94 g/L of BioABE was produced in comparison with glucose (2.86 g/L) at a pH of 6.2. Decreasing the initial pH of the medium to 4.50 increased the BioABE (2.87 g/L), and after the medium was supplemented with tryptone-yeast-acetate (TYA), the BioABE yield increased by more than 100% to 6.84 g/L. This study discovered that BioABE produced from A. mangium was comparable to using commercial glucose, thus offering high potential as a low-cost feedstock.
Experimental Evaluation of Mouse Hind Paw Edema Induced by Iranian Naja oxiana Venom.

Iranian Naja oxiana (the Elapidae family) known as cobra snake inhabits in the northwestern part of Iran. This study aimed to evaluate the edematogenic potency of the crude venom with intraplantar injection into mice. Additionally, the inhibitory effects of three different drugs (i.e., promethazine, dexamethasone, and piroxicam) on paw edema were examined. Moreover, the gelatinase activity of this venom was assessed using the zymography method. Paw edema was induced by the intraplantar injection of different concentrations of the venom (0.5-5 μg dissolved in 50 μl of normal saline) into the mice (six in each group). It was estimated through the measurement of the increase in the paw thickness (%) with a digital caliper. The paws were pretreated and the rate of changes was measured after the venom injection. Pathological findings in the treated paws were evaluated with hematoxylin and eosin staining. Paw thickness reached its maximum amount within 5 min and resolved after 1 h. This venom had no gelatinase activity using the zymography method ruling out its role in edema. It caused non-hemorrhagic diffuse edema with the infiltration of inflammatory cells (i.e., leukocytes and lymphocytes) in the dermis. Intraperitoneal pretreatment with drugs significantly inhibited the venom-induced (1 μg/paw) edema; however, all the mice died unexpectedly a day after piroxicam injection. This in vitro and in vivo preliminary study demonstrated for the first time that N. oxiana venom-induced non-hemorrhagic edema in a short time. Dexamethasone (phospholipase A2 inhibitor; 1 mg/kg) and promethazine (H1 inhibitor; 5 mg/kg) decreased the venom-induced edema (p <0.001). It is suggested to carry out further studies to identify different mediators in venom-induced edema formation.
Scotland's Rural College Spatiotemporal mortality and demographic trends in a small cetacean: Strandings to inform conservation management Ijsseldijk,

With global increases in anthropogenic pressures on wildlife populations comes a responsibility to manage them effectively. The assessment of marine ecosystem health is challenging and often relies on monitoring indicator species, such as cetaceans. Most cetaceans are however highly mobile and spend the majority of their time hidden from direct view, resulting in uncertainty on even the most basic population metrics. Here, we discuss the value of long-term and internationally combined stranding records as a valuable source of information on the demographic and mortality trends of the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in the North Sea. We analysed stranding records (n = 16,181) from 1990 to 2017 and demonstrate a strong heterogeneous seasonal pattern of strandings throughout the North Sea, indicative of season-specific distribution or habitat use, and season-specific mortality. The annual incidence of strandings has increased since 1990, with a notable steeper rise particularly in the southern North Sea since 2005. A high density of neonatal strandings occurred specifically in the eastern North Sea, indicative of areas important for calving, and large numbers of juvenile males stranded in the southern parts, indicative of a population sink or reflecting higher male dispersion. These findings highlight the power of stranding records to detect potentially vulnerable population groups in time and space. This knowledge is vital for managers and can guide, for example, conservation measures such as the establishment of time-areaspecific limits to potentially harmful human activities, aiming to reduce the number and intensity of human-
Integrated Fault Detection and Fault Tolerant Control for Switched Systems with Asynchronous Switching

The problem of integrated fault detection and fault tolerant control for switched systems with asynchronous switching is focused on in this paper. Based on the switched model, the inherent asynchronous switching is taken into consideration. The asynchronous switching means that the switching of filters/controllers will always lag behind the switching of modes, which will degrade the performance of the closed-loop system. The Lyapunov functional method and mode-dependent average dwell time method are combined for the analysis of the finite-time stability of the switched system. The properties of each subsystem are taken into consideration, which are less conservative. To achieve optimal performance, the filters and controllers are designed simultaneously. The parameters of filters and controllers are given in the form of linear matrix inequalities. In the end, the numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Genetic polymorphisms of UGT-glucurono-syltransferase 2B7 in Chinese healthy Han population

Objective To detect the polymorphisms and haplotype of UGT-glucurono-syltransferase 2B7( UGT2B7) in Chinese healthy Han population. Methods One hundred and sixty Chinese Han healthy volunteers were entrolled in this study. The polymorphisms of UGT2B7were analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction( PCR)-direct sequencing. The haplotype frequencies were analyzed by Phase 2. 1. Results The frequency distribution of UGT2B7 variations in the-327 A G,-161 T C,802 C T,2283 A G and 2316 A G was 34. 1%; in the-125 T C,and 211 G T were 5. 26%,16. 7%,respectively. The frequency distribution of UGT2B7 haplotype of GCTGGTT,GCTTGTT,and ATTGACC were 48. 0%,10. 4%,32. 6%,respectively. Conclusion The polymorphisms of-327 A G,-161 T C,802 C T,2283 A G and 2316 A G in UGT2B7 gene were not in linkage disequilibrium. The frequency of these variants was high in Chinese healthy Han population. The frequency of GCTGGTT haplotype was high as well.
INCREASE OF THE ADAPTIVE RANGE OF THE GENUS DELPHINIUM

The genus Delphinium is closely allied to Aconitum. Species of both genera resemble each other closely in vegetative habit, and certain Eurasian species of both approach each other in details of floral structure. Both genera are similar cytologically. The chromosome number is the same in both. The karyotype of Delphinium is apparently similar throughout the genus, except for ploidy (Lewis et al., 1951). But Schafer and La Cour (1934) have shown that the karyotype of Aconitum is variable from species to species, and within species, in respect of chromosome length and spindle attachment. Of particular interest here is the fact that a choice of certain chromosomes from the variants shown by them (p. 702, chromosomes ABDEIJKM) would provide a genome scarcely distinguishable from that common to Dephinium species. These similarities of structure and karyotype strongly suggest therefore that both genera are divergent members of the same phylad.
How Social Media Impacts Brand Value: The Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction

The growing popularity of social media platforms has increased brand investments in social media marketing. However, it is not clear whether and how social media marketing leads to the creation of value for consumers and brands; therefore, we investigate how marketer and user-generated content on social media affects consumer and brand metrics. Based on the marketing productivity chain, we propose that customer satisfaction, a leading consumer metric, mediates the link between social media content and brand value. To test such assertions, we use a sample of 87 brands from 17 industries and collect a unique dataset that combines social media data from Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube with customer satisfaction, brand value, and advertising expenses. We find that user-generated content has a stronger effect on customer satisfaction than marketer-generated content. We also find that YouTube is the most effective platform for user generated content. Interestingly, we find that the effects of marketer-generated content depend on the brand’s corporate reputation. In other words, more reputable brands can leverage their marketer-generated content more effectively.
The Linkage between Resource Users Discourse Variations and Land Conflicts Proliferation in Lake Rukwa Basin, Tanzania

Conflicts between migrant agro-pastoralists, crop cultivators and nature conservators are invariably linked with resource scarcity. In the light of the Malthusian and Neo-Malthusian tradition, an increase in the human population and livestock in a locality is a sufficient condition for the proliferation of resource use conflicts. But this linkage is not the only determinant of land-use conflicts. This study uses the political ecology framework to explore conflicts determining factors beyond population growth and resource scarcity linkages. To ascertain this point, we conducted a descriptive study in the purposefully selected villages of Mtenga, Totowe, Mbuyuni and Ivuna in the Lake Rukwa basin. Data were gathered from the sample of 399 respondents through the use of semi-structured interview complemented in part by documentary sources. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 22 and Microsoft EXCEL computer programs to establish patterns of the respondents’ opinions on the problem investigated. Results indicated that the persistence of the land-use conflicts was a function of differential resource use discourses held by resource users in the locality. Such variations were reflected in the differences over the land resources demands, perceptions, values, and power imbalances. The study concluded by calling for the need to establish a middle ground based on negotiation rather than forceful means currently used to manage resources in the basin.
Soinhofia parsonsi , a New Cryptodiran Turtle from the Late Jurassic of Europe

Solnhofia parsonsi is a new genus and species of turtle based on skull material from the Late Jurassic of Germany and Switzerland. One of the specimens has been described (but not named) elsewhere (Parsons and Williams, 1961); new information on the palate and basicranium is presented herein. Solnhofia possesses the shared derived characters diagnostic of the Cryptodira and within the Cryptodira of a group I have termed the Eucryptodira. More specific hypotheses of relationship are difficult to make for Solnhofia because most of the characters that are useful in comparing turtles are either primitive or uniquely derived in Solnhofia.
Further data on the climate of the Alpine Vegetation Belt of eastern Lesotho

Rainfall data from 31 stations in the Alpine Vegetation Belt of eastern Lesotho, together with temperature, relative humidity and evaporation data from Letseng-la-Draai are presented and discussed, and comparisons, where possible, are made with data from Mokhotlong in the Subalpine Belt.
DIGITAL PARAMETERS EFFECT OF LHM MODELING

The metamaterials electromagnetic one are composites artificial made up of a matrix dielectric or magnetic and inclusions dielectric magnetic or metal. These inclusions can be laid out in the matrix either in a random way or in an ordered way; their size is generally small in front of the wavelength. Research on materials with negative refractive index (NRI) and in particular on the left-handed material (LHM) or metamaterial ones developed very quickly and they have leads to many applications for example in, the radars, the lines of transmission, one of the applications most promising is the perfect lens. In this work, we applied the dispersive FDTD method for study different effects limiting the resolution of subwavelength of LHM slab. To check the validity of our results we compared the variation of transmission coefficient obtained numerically with that calculated analytically.
Classification of Cancer Subtypes Based on Imbalanced Data Sets

Cancer is an important factor affecting human health. Many cancers contain different subtypes and have high complexities. Different subtypes have different mechanisms of occurrence, so the correct classification of cancer subtypes is essential for early diagnosis and preventive treatment. With the development of high-throughput technologies, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project has been continuously improved to provide comprehensive cancer genome data. However, many of these cancer data have the characteristics of unbalanced sample distribution, high data feature dimensions, and many redundancy, which will affect the classification effectiveness of a few classes, thereby affecting the overall classification performance. In this paper, for the DNA methylation data of liver cancer, breast cancer, gastric cancer and three types of cancer, a model based on balanced feedback sampling and Tomek link is used. First, the balanced feedback sampling algorithm is used to sample the different subtypes, and then the Tomek Link is used to clean up the data and eliminate noise to obtain the optimal sample data. Use the equally divided Lasso algorithm for feature selection, remove redundant features, and avoid overfitting. Finally, the support vector machine, random forest and convolutional neural network are used to classify, and four commonly used classification performance evaluation indicators are used to verify the effect of the balancing method. Three sets of cancer data were classified by subtype, and the best classification effect was obtained on the gcForest model.
Inhibition of the Capacity and Efficiency of Photosynthesis in Bean Leaflets Illuminated in a CO2-Free Atmosphere at Low Oxygen: A Possible Role for Photorespiration

Mature, intact, attached leaflets of Phaseolus vulgaris illuminated at 2000 μE m-2 s-1 in CO2-free N2 containing 1% O2 for a 3-h treatment period showed an 80% reduction in the light-saturated CO2 assimilation rate. Young bean leaflets showed photoinhibition but exhibited a partial recovery of CO2 assimilation rate within 2 h of treatment whereas mature leaflets did not. Photoinhibition by illumination under conditions which prevent photorespiration was markedly dependent upon the exposure time. Photoinhibition was not observed following illumination in the presence of CO2-free N2 containing above 7% O2 or in N2 containing 1% O2 and an intercellular CO2 partial pressure equivalent to the CO2 compensation point in 21% O2 (62 μbar, 6.2 Pa). Photoinhibition involved concomitant reduction in the light-saturated and the light-limited rate of CO2 assimilation; apparent quantum yield was reduced following treatment. These experiments show that internal generation of CO2 by the photorespiratory carbon oxidation cycle is sufficient to prevent the photoinhibition observed when photorespiration is prevented. Possible mechanisms and implications of these data are discussed.
Oral supplementation of aqueous Ginkgo biloba extract inhibits oxidative stress and hippocampus injury associated with methotrexate injection.

Methotrexate is effective for the treatment of a number of cancers including breast, lung, leukemia an osteosarcoma. This study was conducted to examine the possible modifying effects of Ginkgo biloba against hippocampal and brain toxicity induced by methotrexate in male albino rats. This could be fulfilled through the histological, immunohistochemically and biochemical analysis of hippocampal brain tissues. The experiments were performed on 36 male albino rats divided into 6 groups; the first and second groups were the control and Gingko groups respectively while the 3rd group methotrexate rat group; the 4th and the 5th groups were co- and post treated Methotrexate rat groups with Gingko respectively and the 6th group was methotrexate self-treated rat group. In brain homogenates Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in methotrexate group showed a significant increase when compared with control group, in contrast methotrexate-treated group also exhibited a significant decrease in brain antioxidants machinery represented by catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH) and total proteins. The histological changes consisted of destruction of oligodendrocytes, sometimes complete over large areas, and sometimes relatively slight. All the rats which survived long enough after treatment showed severe astrocytosis. Rats’ brains immunocytochemical results showed that GFAP-positive cells astrocytes increase after Exposure to (MTX) compared with the other groups.
Low Prandtl-number Fluids

An experimental investigation of Rayleigh-Blmard convection in liquid sodium has been performed in cylindrical test cells with aspect ratios between 20 and 4.6 for a range of Rayleigh numbers 1 04< Ra< 5 · 106. The Prandtl number is between 6.0·10-2+0.1·10-3. For low Rayleigh number Ra<104the dimensionless heatflux, Nu, is mainly conduction controlled and close to 1; a correlation Nu= 0.115 Ra0.25 describes the observations adequately for 2·104 < Ra < 5·106. lt is shown that the Nusselt numbers are smaller for sodium than for other fluids with larger Prandtl numbers such as mercury and helium. This contrasts with the relation Nu ~ (Ra2/7 • Pr· 1n) but conforms with the theoretically predicted relation Nu (RaPr)1/4 for low Prandtl number fluids. The heat transfer as weil as the statistical properties of the turbulent convection are significantly influenced by convection mode transitions in the test cell of small aspect ratio. The formation of thermal boundary layers occurs only at high Rayleigh numbers of the order Ra> 106. An instability in these thermal boundary layer triggers a new mode of large scale fluctuating motion. The analysis of the temperature time signals shows that the temperature field behaviour up to a Rayleigh number Ra 5 · 106 is essentially dissipative. Turbulente Rayleigh-Blmard Konvektion in Flüssigkeiten mit niedrigen PrandtiZahlen
NETWORK ADJUSTMENT OF AUTOMATED RELATIVE ORIENTATION FOR A DUAL-CAMERA SYSTEM

Abstract. Visual odometry (VO) is a technique applied to track the dynamic positioning and orientation of a moving platform with one or more cameras taking image sequences. The determination relies on the estimation of relative orientation parameters (ROPs) of time adjacent images. The idea of stereo VO to develop a dual-camera system is adopted in this study. By taking advantage of the calibrated stereo camera, this system is able to recover the true scale of relative translation without the need from additional sensors. However, the scale might not be very accurate, and the error also could exist in the orientation including rotation and translation due to environmental factors such as the illumination and texture. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to find the optimized theory and method of stereo VO. Through the analysis of the geometric relationship of the time adjacent stereo image pairs, locally optimized network adjustment is developed to improve the accuracy of ROPs.The proposed network adjustment model is verified by the simulation data and experiment data both. ROPs are adopted as observations that would update the states of the image sequence further. Besides, exterior orientation parameters (EOPs) of the dual-camera system could be optimized obviously during the whole operation. In this study, it is worth mentioning that 3D coordinates of object points matched in each image pair are not necessary to be calculated. The conventional bundle adjustment is not adopted, but more accurate EOPs still have been generated automatically during the process.
Goodenough, Anne E ORCID: 0000-0002-7662-6670 and Stallwood, Bethan (2010) Intraspecific Variation and Interspecific Differences in the Bacterial and Fungal Assemblages of Blue Tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) and Great Tit

Although interest in the relationship between birds and microorganisms is increasing, few studies have compared nest microbial assemblages in wild passerines to determine variation within and between species. Culturing microorganisms from blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) and great tit (Parus major) nests from the same study site demonstrated diverse microbial communities, with 32 bacterial and 13 fungal species being isolated. Dominant bacteria were Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. putida and Staphylococcus hyicus. Also common in the nests were the keratinolytic bacteria P. stutzeri and Bacillus subtillis. Dominant fungi were Cladosporium herbarum and Epicoccum purpurascens. Aspergillus flavous, Microsporum gallinae and Candida albicans (causative agents of, in order, avian aspergillous, favus and candidiasis) were present in 30%, 25% and 10% of nests, respectively. Although there were no differences in nest mass or materials, bacterial (but not fungal) loads were significantly higher in blue tit nests. Microbial species also differed interspecifically. As regards potential pathogens, the prevalence of Enterobacter cloacae was higher in blue tit nests, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa – present in 30% of blue tit nests – was absent from great tit nests. The allergenic fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides was both more prevalent and abundant in great tit nests. Using Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA), nests were classified to avian species with 100% accuracy using the complete microbial community. Partial DFA models were created using a reduced number of variables and compared using Akaike’s Information Criterion on the basis of model fit and parsimony. The best models classified unknown nests with 72.5-95% accuracy using a small subset of microbes (n = 1-8), which always included Pseudomonas agarici. This suggests that despite substantial intraspecific variation in nest microflora, there are significant interspecific differences – both in terms of individual microbes and the overall microbial community – even when host species are closely related, ecologically similar, sympatric, and construct very similar nests.
Acute Kidney Injury and Acute Liver Failure in Leptospira Infection and Weil’s Syndrome

Leptospirosis is considered a zoonosis acquired predominantly from contaminated surfaces and water, more commonly in emerging countries with limited sanitary conditions. Leptospira in the host unleashes an immune response that explains the symptoms and clinical signs; once it reaches the kidney and liver tissue, it can manifest with alterations that lead to acute and chronic diseases in both organs. Weil’s syndrome is the best known clinical manifestation with jaundice and acute kidney injury that could lead to multiple organ failure and death. For its diagnosis, there are simplified scores such as the SPiRO score, the microbiological criteria by microscopy or serological tests; the treatment focuses on antibiotics and, if necessary, provides organic support until the infection is curtailed. The purpose of this review was to address the impact of Leptospira infection on the kidney and liver, the mechanisms of organ damage, the clinical presentation, and diagnosis and management of this disease.