Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detecting spam through their Sender Policy Framework records

Spamming has become one of the worst problems of email communication. Although various anti-spamming methods have been developed, because of creative spammers, none of them are able to stop the penetration of the innovated spam. The content-based anti-spam methods used for spam recognition require considerable amounts of computational resources. Therefore, less resource demanding methods are needed to match the growing number of spam. One example is network-based filtering, which is gaining importance. Sender Policy Framework SPF is a network protocol that can provide efficient network-based spam filtering. But, it is becoming evident that spammers have also started to manipulate SPF-based spam filtering. Presently, the spammers are purchasing domain names with SPF records to use them for sending spam. The only methods that can prevent such spam are the blacklist and content filtering techniques, or a blend of both. In the present study, the Domain Name System DNS/SPF records of spam-sending domain names are compared with non-spam-sending domain names, for improving SPF-based spam filtering. Research results show distinctive features between spam-sending and non-spam-sending domain names. Naive Bayes algorithm is utilized to identify spam-sending domain names. The time delay results of spam analysis shows that the devised SPF-based filtering offloads content filtering, significantly. Hence, our SPF-based method can act as a pre-filter that helps fighting spam. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lung-resistance-related protein expression is a negative predictive factor for response to conventional low but not to intensified dose alkylating chemotherapy in multiple myeloma.

This study was undertaken to assess the significance of lung-resistance related protein (LRP) expression in plasma cells from untreated multiple myeloma (MM) patients and to determine whether LRP was associated with a poor response and survival in patients treated with different dose regimens of melphalan. Seventy untreated patients received conventional oral dose melphalan (0.25 mg/kg, day 1 to 4) combined with prednisone (MP) or intravenous intermediate-IDM; 70 mg/m2) or high- (140 mg/m2) dose Melphalan (HDM). LRP expression was assessed with immunocytochemistry using the LRP-56 monoclonal antibody. LRP expression was found in 47% of patients. In the MP treated patients, LRP expression was a significant prognostic factor regarding response induction (P < .05), event free survival (P < .003), and overall survival (P < .001). In the intensified dose melphalan treated patients LRP did not have a prognostic value. The response rates of LRP-positive patients to MP and IDM/HDM were 18% versus 81%, respectively (P < .0001). We conclude that LRP is frequently expressed in untreated MM patients and is an independent predictor for response and survival in patients treated with MP. Pretreatment assessment of LRP identifies a subpopulation of patients with a poor probability of response to conventional dose melphalan. Dose intensification of melphalan is likely to overcome LRP-mediated resistance.
A randomized trial on the efficacy of group psychoeducation in the prophylaxis of recurrences in bipolar patients whose disease is in remission.

BACKGROUND Studies on individual psychotherapy indicate that some interventions may reduce the number of recurrences in bipolar patients. However, there has been a lack of structured, well-designed, blinded, controlled studies demonstrating the efficacy of group psychoeducation to prevent recurrences in patients with bipolar I and II disorder. METHODS One hundred twenty bipolar I and II outpatients in remission (Young Mania Rating Scale score <6, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 score <8) for at least 6 months prior to inclusion in the study, who were receiving standard pharmacologic treatment, were included in a controlled trial. Subjects were matched for age and sex and randomized to receive, in addition to standard psychiatric care, 21 sessions of group psychoeducation or 21 sessions of nonstructured group meetings. Subjects were assessed monthly during the 21-week treatment period and throughout the 2-year follow-up. RESULTS Group psychoeducation significantly reduced the number of relapsed patients and the number of recurrences per patient, and increased the time to depressive, manic, hypomanic, and mixed recurrences. The number and length of hospitalizations per patient were also lower in patients who received psychoeducation. CONCLUSION Group psychoeducation is an efficacious intervention to prevent recurrence in pharmacologically treated patients with bipolar I and II disorder.
ROC and localization ROC analyses of lesion detection in whole-body FDG PET: effects of acquisition mode, attenuation correction and reconstruction algorithm.

UNLABELLED Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and localization ROC (LROC) studies were performed to compare lesion detection at the borderline of detectability on images reconstructed with two-dimensional filtered backprojection (FBP) without attenuation correction (a common clinical protocol), three-dimensional FBP without attenuation correction, two-dimensional FBP with segmented attenuation correction and a two-dimensional iterative maximum a posteriori (MAP) algorithm using attenuation correction. Lung cancer was the model for the study because of the prominent role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET in the staging of lung cancer and the importance of lesion detection for staging. METHODS Simulated lung cancer lesions were added to two-dimensional and three-dimensional PET data from healthy volunteers. Data were reconstructed using the four methods. Four nuclear medicine physicians evaluated the images. Detection performance with each method was compared using ROC and LROC analysis. Jackknife analysis provided estimates of statistical significance for differences across all readers for the ROC results. RESULTS ROC and LROC results indicated statistically significant degradation in detection performance with three-dimensional acquisition (average area under ROC curves [Az] 0.51; average area under LROC curves [A(z,LROC)] 0.13) and segmented attenuation correction (average Az 0.59; average Az,LROC 0.29) compared with two-dimensional FBP without attenuation correction (average Az 0.79; average A(z,LROC) 0.54). ROC and LROC results indicated an improvement in detection performance with iterative MAP reconstruction (average Az 0.83; average A(z,LROC) 0.64) compared with two-dimensional FBP reconstruction; this improvement was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Use of segmented attenuation correction or three-dimensional acquisition with FBP reconstruction is not expected to improve detection of lung lesions on whole-body PET images compared with images with two-dimensional FBP without attenuation correction. The potential improvement in detection obtained with an iterative MAP reconstruction method is small compared with that obtained with two-dimensional FBP without attenuation correction.
Use of CBCT in the Detection of Second Mesiobuccal (MB2) Canal in Maxillary First Molar

Multiple procedures are used to detect the presence of second mesiobuccal canal in the mesial root of the upper first molar. In this article, a case will be presented in order to show the use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the detection of asecond mesiobuccal (MB2) canal in maxillary first molar, unidentified neither clinically nor with conventional radiographic methods.
Two Different Summarization Methods at NTCIR3-TSC2: Coverage Oriented and Focus Oriented

We are conducting research on multi-document summarization, participating in a competition of summarization, TSC (Text Summarization Challenge) task organized by NTCIR-3 project. In a dry run, we conceived a new extraction method for multi-document summarization which extracts a set of sentences that maximizes coverage of an original text and minimizes redundancy of a summary. Thinking over the result of the dry run, we decided to build another system for the formal run which generates a more focused summary. It employs a headline sentence and similarity of sentences to grasp the major points of original articles. In addition to them, we consider sentence ordering and reduction. We compare these summaries to discuss effectiveness of each method.
The Type II Isoform of cGMP-dependent Protein Kinase Is Dimeric and Possesses Regulatory and Catalytic Properties Distinct from the Type I Isoforms (*)

The type I cGMP-dependent protein kinases (cGK Iα and Iβ) form homodimers (subunit Mr ∼ 76,000), presumably through conserved, amino-terminal leucine zipper motifs. Type II cGMP-dependent protein kinase (cGK II) has been reported to be monomeric (Mr ∼ 86,000), but recent cloning and sequencing of mouse brain cGK II cDNA revealed a leucine zipper motif near its amino terminus. In the present study, recombinant mouse brain cGK II was expressed, purified, and characterized. Sucrose gradient centrifugation and gel filtration chromatography were used to determine Mr values for holoenzymes of cGK Iα (168,000) and cGK II (152,500), which suggest that both are dimers. Native cGK Iα possessed significantly lower Ka values for cGMP (8-fold) and β-phenyl-1,N2-etheno-cGMP (300-fold) than did recombinant cGK II. Conversely, the Sp- and Rp-isomers of 8-(4-chloro-phenylthio)-guanosine-3′,5′-cyclic monophosphorothioate demonstrated selectivity toward cGK II in assays of kinase activation or inhibition, respectively. A peptide substrate derived from histone f2B had a 20-fold greater Vmax/Km ratio for cGK Iα than for cGK II, whereas a peptide based upon a cAMP response element binding protein phosphorylation site exhibited a greater Vmax/Km ratio for cGK II. Finally, gel filtration of extracts of mouse intestine partially resolved two cGK activities, one of which had properties similar to those demonstrated by recombinant cGK II. The combined results show that both cGK I and cGK II form homodimers but possess distinct cyclic nucleotide and substrate specificities.
Approach to the Interpretation of Muscle Biopsy

The history of muscle biopsy dates back to 1860 when Duchenne first performed a biopsy on a patient with symptoms of myopathy. Introduction of enzyme histochemical methods by Victor Dubowitz in 1970 revolutionised the role of muscle biopsy in the diagnosis of various primary and secondary muscle diseases.1 Diagnosis of various subtypes of dystrophies was further made easy with beginning of immunohistochemical methods in 1980s. Twenty first century has brought in a new spectacular progress in utility of muscle biopsy with commencement of molecular methods. Significance of muscle biopsy is rising with application of new techniques. The treatment of neuromuscular disorders is also undergoing a parallel and dramatic change with promising genetic therapeutic approaches. Accurate diagnosis of the underlying neuromuscular disease is the need of the day and muscle biopsy forms a gold standard in diagnosis of these diseases.
Performances Comparison of 12 S14 P Field Excitation Flux Switching Motor with Overlap and Non-overlap Windings for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), using combination of an internal combustion engine (ICE) and one or more electric motors, are widely considered as the most promising clean vehicles. The only machine that already installed for HEVs is interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) where it has developed to enhance power density of the machine. Despite of fine operated and superior performances, this machine do not miss approached by deficiency for instance IPMSM now have complex form and configuration that give difficulty to undertake the process of optimization. Moreover, the use of PM will result in a constant state of flux and cannot be controlled as well a burden because of expensive rare earth magnet prices. Therefore, a new candidate of field excitation flux switching machine (FEFSM), in which the uses of PM are totally excluded with rugged rotor structure suitable for high-speed operation and the ability to keep high torque and power density is proposed and examined in this paper. Under some design specifications, design principles and performances of 12S-14P FEFSMs with overlap and non-overlap FEC and armature coil windings are presented. The profile of flux linkage, induced voltage, cogging torque, torque and power characteristics are observed based on 2D finite element analysis (FEA). Keywords—Field Excitation Flux Switching Motor, Hybrid Electric Vehicle and Field Excitation Coil (DC FEC)
Black Pepper and its Pungent Principle-Piperine: A Review of Diverse Physiological Effects

Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is one of the most widely used among spices. It is valued for its distinct biting quality attributed to the alkaloid, piperine. Black pepper is used not only in human dietaries but also for a variety of other purposes such as medicinal, as a preservative, and in perfumery. Many physiological effects of black pepper, its extracts, or its major active principle, piperine, have been reported in recent decades. Dietary piperine, by favorably stimulating the digestive enzymes of pancreas, enhances the digestive capacity and significantly reduces the gastrointestinal food transit time. Piperine has been demonstrated in in vitro studies to protect against oxidative damage by inhibiting or quenching free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Black pepper or piperine treatment has also been evidenced to lower lipid peroxidation in vivo and beneficially influence cellular thiol status, antioxidant molecules and antioxidant enzymes in a number of experimental situations of oxidative stress. The most far-reaching attribute of piperine has been its inhibitory influence on enzymatic drug biotransforming reactions in the liver. It strongly inhibits hepatic and intestinal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and UDP-glucuronyl transferase. Piperine has been documented to enhance the bioavailability of a number of therapeutic drugs as well as phytochemicals by this very property. Piperine's bioavailability enhancing property is also partly attributed to increased absorption as a result of its effect on the ultrastructure of intestinal brush border. Although initially there were a few controversial reports regarding its safety as a food additive, such evidence has been questionable, and later studies have established the safety of black pepper or its active principle, piperine, in several animal studies. Piperine, while it is non-genotoxic, has in fact been found to possess anti-mutagenic and anti-tumor influences.
The order book as a queueing system: average depth and influence of the size of limit orders

In this paper, we study the analytical properties of a one-side order book model in which the flows of limit and market orders are Poisson processes and the distribution of lifetimes of cancelled orders is exponential. Although simplistic, the model provides an analytical tractability that should not be overlooked. Using basic results for birth-and-death processes, we build an analytical formula for the shape (depth) of a continuous order book model which is both founded by market mechanisms and very close to empirically tested formulas. We relate this shape to the probability of execution of a limit order, highlighting a law of conservation of the flows of orders in an order book. We then extend our model by allowing random sizes of limit orders, hereby allowing to study the relationship between the size of the incoming limit orders and the shape of the order book. Our theoretical model shows that, for a given total volume of incoming limit orders, the less limit orders are submitted (i.e. the larger the average size of these limit orders), the deeper is the order book around the spread. This theoretical relationship is finally empirically tested on several stocks traded on the Paris stock exchange.
RNA virus replication, transcription and recombination

182 RNA Biology Volume 8 issue 2 In October of 2009 a group of researchers with a common interest in RNA virus reproduction met to present and discuss their recent findings on molecular mechanisms related to viral genome replication at a Cantoblanco Workshop on Biology: “Replication and Recombination of RNA Virus Genomes” in Madrid, Spain (co-organized by Luis Enjuanes, Ben Berkhout and K. Andrew White). The exciting discussions during the meeting provided the inspiration for this Special Focus Issue of RNA Biology on RNA virus replication, transcription and recombination that offers a forum to expand on some of the topics presented at the Cantoblanco Workshop. The genomes of RNA viruses play the obvious critical role of genetic repository for the production of viral proteins. However, these genomes also carry out multiple functions during virus reproduction in addition to serving as mRNAs for translation. Such additional duties include the critical roles as template for genome replication and transcription of viral subgenomic (sg) mRNAs, as well as participation in other diverse functions, e.g. virion assembly. Accordingly, viral genomes contain numerous regulatory RNA elements that promote, regulate and coordinate these diverse molecular processes. As such, viral RNA genomes can be considered dynamic molecules that adopt different local and global RNA structures in a spatially and temporally regulated manner. Indeed, for some RNA viruses, the viral genome can be considered to be a conductor that orchestrates multiple viral processes in the infected cell. The central role played by viral RNA genomes is frequently executed by viral or host cell proteins that interact with these genomes, but the functional partners may also be other RNA molecules, e.g. the cellular tRNA primer that initiates reverse transcription of the retroviral RNA genome. The protein partners come in a variety of forms and provide critical enzymatic or structural functions needed for successful virus reproduction. Together, the protein and RNA factors interact with cellular pathways to allow viruses to successfully hijack the host cell machinery for virus production. The reviews in this special issue describe some of the fascinating roles played by dynamic RNA genomes of different classes of RNA viruses. Virus RNA genome replication. The replication of a viral genome is a fundamental step in the virus life cycle. For both plusand minus-strand RNA viruses, this process proceeds RNA virus replication, transcription and recombination
Improving the Modulation Bandwidth in Semiconductor Lasers by Passive Feedback

We explore the concept of passive-feedback lasers (PFLs) for direct signal modulation at 40 Gb/s. Based on numerical simulation and bifurcation analysis, we explain the main mechanisms in these devices that are crucial for modulation at high speed. The predicted effects are demonstrated experimentally by means of correspondingly designed devices. In particular, a significant improvement of the modulation bandwidth at low-injection currents can be demonstrated
Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor mRNA Levels in the Brains of Normotensive and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Abstract: The type 1 angiotensin II (All) receptor (AT1‐R) has been implicated in the physiological actions mediated by All in the brain. In view of the reported hyperactivity of the brain All system in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), we compared the expression of AT,‐R mRNAs in the brains of normotensive [Wistar Kyoto (WKY)] and SHR animals. Northern blot analysis showed about three‐ and ∼20‐fold increases in the levels of AT1‐R mRNAs from the hypothalamus and brainstem areas, respectively, of the SHR compared with the WKY rat brain. This was attributable to greater levels of both AT,1A‐ and AT,1B‐R mRNA subtypes in these areas from the SHR. These observations suggest that increased All receptor levels in SHR brain may, in part, be a result of increased expression of the AT1‐R gene.
Enlarged cervical lymph nodes at helical CT.

PURPOSE To evaluate criteria for differentiating malignant versus reactive lymph nodes in the head and neck on the basis of findings at helical computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Helical CT scans were evaluated of 70 consecutive patients (46 men and 24 women, aged 20-78 years [mean, 51 years]) with known head and neck tumors and cervical lymph node enlargement. The ratio of the maximal longitudinal to the maximal axial diameter (L/T) was calculated for nodes larger than 8 mm in diameter based on measurements obtained from coronal, paraxial, and sagittal reconstructions. RESULTS At histologic examination, 96 of 164 nodes were malignant. Of these, 94 of 96 nodes had an L/T of less than 2 (sensitivity, 97%; specificity, 97%; accuracy, 97% for malignancy). Minimal diameter was more than 8 mm in 83 of 96 nodes (sensitivity, 87%; specificity, 89%; accuracy, 88% for malignancy). Low-attenuation centers and rim enhancement were seen in 75 of 96 nodes (sensitivity, 78%; specificity, 100%; accuracy, 86% for malignancy). CONCLUSION The L/T at helical CT provide an accurate assessment of reactive versus malignant nodes in the head and neck.
The External Fixator: A Tool for Evaluation of Complex Low Back Pain Problems

Background The selection of patients with low back pain for fusion is especially difficult when previous surgical interventions failed and/or invasive tests (discograms, facet blocks) do not allow or do not clearly identify the painful motion segment. Test fixation with an external fixator may mimic a definite internal fixation, such as a fusion, and may help select patients for a more favorable result. The purpose of the study was to clarify if temporary back pain relief by external fixation is predictive for back pain relief after final internal fixation and fusion. Methods A retrospective study of 63 patients up to 6 years after evaluation of low back pain problems with an external fixator (index operation) was conducted. The data were collected from the charts based on a protocol that patients had to fill in during evaluation, and the actual state was checked during a clinical investigation at the outpatient clinic. The protocol monitored pain (Visual Analog Scale), pain medication, and work status. Based on the first two parameters, the effect of external fixation was defined as a general estimation as positive, doubtful, or negative. The same parameters were reassessed at follow-up control. Results In 38 patients, the immobilization test did improve the pain situation, in 11 it remained unchanged, and in 14 the pain got worse. Thirty-eight patients (not identical with the above) underwent definitive fusion afterward, whereas 25 were not operated on. Twenty-one of 30 patients with a positive effect undergoing surgery showed an improved situation after fusion, and 8 of 22 patients without further operation were improved at follow-up. Nine of 12 patients with a negative immobilization test did stay in a bad situation at follow-up. Conclusion The external fixator as a tool for evaluation of patients with low back pain is an expensive measure with a considerable complication risk and only justified in selected patients when any other measure fails to assess and evaluate a patient's situation. If the test fixation reveals no benefit, the patients will remain in a bad situation whatever the therapeutic measure will be. Therefore the main value of the external fixator assessment is the selection of these patients that should not undergo surgery. A positive test fixation means a 72% chance for a satisfactory outcome at least two years after surgery, whereas without surgery the chance for some spontaneous improvement is 57% if the test immobilization did show some improvement. With respect of the “negative” selection of this group of patients (complex history, previous interventions) in our as well as in others series, the obtained results seem acceptable and the use of this invasive diagnostic measure in this group of patients seems justified. Statistical analysis did not show differences of significance as the numbers in the individual groups was too small.