Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Management of Stage I-II Supradiaphragmatic Hodgkin's Disease with Chemotherapy Alone

The treatment of choice for patients with early stage Hodgkin's disease (HD) has been extended field or subtotal nodal irradiation. Remission rates of over 95% have been obtained, however, about 5% of stage I and II patients will suffer from progressive disease while on therapy and an additional 15-20% will relapse. Chemotherapy (Ch) alone has not been adequately tested in early-stage HD. In this study, all HD stage I and II patients treated with Ch alone in the University Hospital "Clínica Puerta de Hierro" between 1980 and 1997 were reviewed. Thirty-five patients were treated between 04/80 and 12/97. All patients achieved complete remission. The median follow-up was 119 months (range 21-240 months), no patients were lost at follow-up. Overall survival (OS) was 97% (IC 95%, 92-100) at 5 years and 88% (IC 95%, 75-100) at 10 years. Failure free survival (FFS) was 93% (IC 95%, 83-100) at 5 years and 66% (IC 95%, 47-86) at 10 years. Three (8.5%) patients died: two due to a second tumour (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and myeloid acute leukaemia) and the other due to sepsis post-Ch. Univariate and multivariate analysis only associated histology subtype relative risk (RR) 4.0 nodular sclerosis (95% IC, 1.0-5.5; p :0.02) with higher relapse. Other prognostic factors did not reveal significant differences with respect to failure free or OS. In conclusion, we believe that death from HD in early-stage patients is unusual and mortality from causes other than HD occurs many years later. Outside clinical trials due to the lack of clear prognostic factors, with the exception of specific situations, patients should be informed of all the possible alternatives as well as the consequences of the treatments employed. In our experience, it appears that using Ch alone in the initial stages does not jeopardize overall patient survival, with similar results being achieved.
Expression of Type III Interferon (IFN) in the Vaginal Mucosa Is Mediated Primarily by Dendritic Cells and Displays Stronger Dependence on NF-κB than Type I IFNs

ABSTRACT Interferons (IFNs) are induced as an initial response to viral infection after recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Here, we report that different PAMPs induce type I and III IFN expression at different ratios after mucosal administration in the vaginas of mice and that Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) stimulation evokes a particularly strong IFN-λ response, which is essential for optimal antiviral protection. Depletion of CD11c+ cells in vivo revealed that dendritic cells (DCs) in the vaginal epithelium are a key source of type I and III IFNs during herpes simplex virus infection and after specific stimulation of TLR9. A comparison of the signaling pathways activated by TLR9 and cytoplasmic PRRs, which induced lower levels of IFN-λ, revealed that high-level induction of IFN-λ correlated with strong activation of NF-κB p65. Inhibition of the NF-κB and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) pathways with the NEMO-binding domain peptide and small interfering RNA (siRNA), respectively, revealed that transcription of the type III IFN genes was more dependent on the NF-κB pathway than that of the type I IFN genes, which relied more on the IRF system. Thus, the type I and III IFN genes are not induced through entirely identical pathways, which indicates differential expression of these two types of IFNs under certain conditions.
AIRFOIL SHAPE OPTIMIZATION USING IMPROVED SIMPLE GENETIC ALGORITHM (ISGA)

To study the efficiency of genetic algorithms (GAs) in the optimization of aerodynamic shapes, the shape of an airfoil was optimized by a genetic algorithm to obtain maximum lift to drag ratio and maximum lift. The flow field is assumed to be two dimensional, Invicsid, transonic and is analyzed numerically. The camber line and thickness distribution of the airfoil were modeled by a fourth order polynomial. The airfoil chord length was assumed constant. Also, proper boundary conditions were applied. A finite volume method using the first order Roe’s flux approximation and time marching (explicit) method was used for the flow analysis. The simple genetic algorithm (SGA) was used for optimization. This algorithm could find the optimum point of this problem in an acceptable time frame. Results show that the GA could find the optimum point by examining only less than 0.1% of the total possible cases. Meanwhile, effects of parameters of GA such as population size in each generation, mutation probability and crossover probability on accuracy and speed of convergence of this SGA were studied. These parameters have very small effects on the accuracy of the genetic algorithm, but they have a sensible effect on speed of convergence. The parameters of this genetic algorithm were improved to obtain the minimum run time of optimization procedure and to maximize the speed of convergence of this genetic algorithm. Robustness and efficiency of this algorithm in optimizing the shape of the airfoils were shown. Also, by finding the optimum values of its parameters, maximum speed and minimum run time was obtained. It is shown that for engineering purposes, the speed of GAs is incredibly high, and acceptable results are sought by a fairly low number of generations of computations.
Long Term Consequences from Exposure to Sulfur Mustard: A Review

Mustard gas (HD) was a widely used chemical warfare agent during World War I and more recently in the Iraq–Iran war (1980–1988). To date, dramatically, 45,000 Iranians are suffering from late respiratory complications due to MG exposure. This review covers two decades of researches on latent pulmonary effects of MG. Findings from clinical manifestations, pathologic examinations, laboratory data, lung function tests, and radiological evaluations are reviewed. From this review we are able to provide a suitable practical plan for workup and management of patients in this setting.
Comparison of the subchronic antidiabetic effects of DPP IV–resistant GIP and GLP‐1 analogues in obese diabetic (ob/ob) mice

Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are the two key incretin hormones released from the gastrointestinal tract that regulate blood glucose homeostasis through potent insulin secretion. The rapid degradation of GIP and GLP‐1 by the ubiquitous enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) renders both peptides noninsulinotropic. However, DPP IV stable agonists, such as N‐AcGIP and (Val8)GLP‐1, have now been developed. The present study has examined and compared the metabolic effects of subchronic administration of daily i.p. injections of N‐AcGIP, (Val8) GLP‐1 and a combination of both peptides (all at 25 nmol/kg bw) in obese diabetic (ob/ob) mice. Initial in vitro experiments confirmed the potent insulinotropic properties of N‐AcGIP and (Val8)GLP‐1 in the clonal pancreatic BRIN BD11 cell line. Subchronic administration of N‐AcGIP, (Val8)GLP‐1 or combined peptide administration had no significant effects on the body weight, food intake and plasma insulin concentrations. However, all treatment groups had significantly (p < 0.05) decreased plasma glucose levels and improved glucose tolerance by day 14. The effectiveness of the peptide groups was similar, and glucose concentrations were substantially reduced following injection of insulin to assess insulin sensitivity compared to control. These results provide evidence for an improvement of glucose homeostasis following treatment with enzyme‐resistant GIP and GLP‐1 analogues. Copyright © 2007 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional Expression of the Human HCN3 Channel*

Hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated cation (HCN) channels underlie the inward pacemaker current, termed If/Ih, in a variety of tissues. Many details are known for the HCN subtypes 1, 2, and 4. We now successfully cloned the cDNA for HCN3 from human brain and compared the electrophysiological properties of hHCN3 to the other three HCN subtypes. Overexpression of human HCN3 channels in HEK293 cells resulted in a functional channel protein. Similar to hHCN2 channels, hHCN3 channels are activated with a rather slow time constant of 1244 ± 526 ms at -100 mV, which is a greater time constant than that of HCN1 but a smaller one than that of HCN4 channels. The membrane potential for half-maximal activation V½ was -77 ± 5.4 mV, and the reversal potential Erev was -20.5 ± 4 mV, resulting in a permeability ratio PNa/PK of 0.3. Like all other HCNs, hHCN3 was inhibited rapidly and reversibly by extracellular cesium and slowly and irreversibly by extracellular applied ZD7288. Surprisingly, the human HCN3 channel was not modulated by intracellular cAMP, a hallmark of the other known HCN channels. Sequence comparison revealed >80% homology of the transmembrane segments, the pore region, and the cyclic nucleotide binding domain of hHCN3 with the other HCN channels. The missing response to cAMP distinguishes human HCN3 from both the well cAMP responding HCN subtypes 2 and 4 and the weak responding subtype 1.
HEALTH CARE IN ISRAEL

Israel belongs to that part of the world in which people generally eat too much rather than too little: studies (based on local rather than national samples) have found about a fourth of subjects to be overweight; and 16% of 20-64 year-olds to have high cholesterol levels. Other localized studies have shown that 30% of men and 25% of women smoke. Although alcohol consumption is low compared to that in European countries (ICDC, 1997: 16-17), it appears to be increasing among the younger age groups.
Clinical Implications for the Management of Acute Thromboembolic Occlusion of the Superior Mesenteric Artery: Autopsy Findings in 213 Patients

Objective:To study findings at autopsy in patients with fatal acute thromboembolic occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). Summary Background Data:Acute occlusion of the SMA is difficult to diagnose and mortality remains high. In Malmö, Sweden, the autopsy rate between 1970 and 1982 was 87%, creating possibilities for a population-based study. Methods:Among 23,496 clinical autopsies and 7569 forensic autopsies, 213 cases with acute thromboembolic occlusion of the SMA and intestinal infarction were identified. Results:A clinical suspicion of intestinal infarction was documented in 32% of the patients, only 35% being in the care of surgeons. The embolus/thrombus ratio was 1.4 to 1. Thrombotic occlusions were located more proximally than embolic occlusions (P < 0.001), intestinal infarction was more extensive (P = 0.025) and thrombotic occlusions were associated with old brain infarction (P = 0.048), aortic wall thrombosis (P = 0.080), and disseminated cancer (P = 0.079). Patients with embolic occlusions (n = 122) had a higher frequency of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) than patients with thrombotic occlusions (P = 0.049). The embolic source was identified in 80%. In 115 (94%), synchronous embolism and/or source of embolus were present. There were findings of remaining cardiac thrombi in 58 (48%) and synchronous emboli affected 273 other arterial segments in 83 (68%). Conclusions:Early recognition and revascularization would have been a prerequisite for survival in at least half of the patients, since the jejunum, ileum, and colon were affected by infarction. A minority of all patients were under surgical care. AMI, cardiac thrombi, and synchronous emboli were common findings among patients with embolic occlusions.
Coding repeat instability in the FLO11 gene of Saccharomyces yeasts

In Saccharomyces yeasts, the FLO11 gene encodes an adhesin involved in filamentation, invasive growth, flocculation and adherence to solid surfaces. In wild Saccharomyces flor yeasts, a particularly expanded FLO11 allele also confers to these yeasts the ability to float under stressing liquid environments. We report here that, under optimal laboratory conditions, the repeats domain of the FLO11 gene in these wild yeasts is extremely unstable. Changes in length in the FLO11 coding repeats domain affected Flo11p‐associated functions but, interestingly, some of these functions were affected more than others. Therefore, length variations in this single gene provide a combinatorial diversity, which may contribute to a very rapid adaptation to fluctuating environments. Functional analysis of contracted alleles indicated that buoyancy was not associated to FLO11 length. In contrast, this property depended on the different types of repetitive units found in this gene. Thus, not only variations in the number of intragenic repeats but also the abundance and/or distribution of the different repetitive units may have phenotypic and evolutionary implications. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heart Disease: From Psychosocial to Pathophysiological to Treatment with Biofeedback—An Overview

Emotions have been connected to the heart throughout the ages, yet they have been largely discounted as playing an important role in heart disease. There is mounting evidence that anxiety, anger, depression, and stress play significant contributing roles in cardiac diseases. These emotional states, coronary artery disease, and heart failure have physiology consistent with the ongoing stress response characterized by parasympathetic withdrawal and sympathetic activation. Pharmacological therapies, vagal stimulation, and sympathetic ablation have shown efficacy in these diseases. Similar results can be obtained by biofeedback therapies.
[Comparison and significance of DCDF probe and ES probe in the detection of BCR/ABL fusion gene].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the signal patterns of dual color dual fusion (DCDF) probe and extra signal (ES) probe in the detection of BCR/ABL fusion gene, and illustrate the relation between the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) pattern and the karyotype. METHODS Sixty-five cases of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) and 50 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were detected by FISH with DCDF probe, the BCR/ABL positive samples were detected by FISH with ES probe. Among these cases, 47 cases of CML and 40 cases of ALL perform conventional cytogenetics simultaneously. RESULTS All 65 cases of CML were all BCR/ABL positive by FISH. 17 cases showed the atypical pattern by DCDF-FISH, and 12 cases showed the atypical pattern by ES-FISH. There were 7 cases of BCR/ABL positive in 50 cases of ALL by FISH. By ES-FISH, there were 5 cases in which the break-point of BCR gene was located in m-bcr, 2 cases in which the break-point of BCR gene was located in M-bcr. Conventional cytogenetics demonstrated that 43/44(98%) cases of CML and 7/32(22%) cases of ALL were Ph positive. CONCLUSION The features of DCDF-FISH, ES-FISH and conventional cytogenetic are different from each other. According to the features of these method, it can increase the precision of the adjustment of genetic feature to analyze these results comprehensively.
Guilty by Association: Platelet Reactivity and Inflammation in Psoriatic Arthritis

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) die prematurely from cardiovascular disease (CVD)1. The risk of adverse cardiovascular events and subsequent mortality in patients with RA is comparable to that associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus2. There is an emerging body of evidence that patients with other forms of inflammatory arthritis (IA), in particular psoriatic arthritis (PsA), are at a similarly elevated risk of CVD3. Platelets play a key role in the complex chain of events leading to the thrombotic occlusion of a coronary artery4. Antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and/or a variety of other agents is effective at reducing the mortality associated with incident CVD5 and is recommended for the primary prevention of same in patients at high risk of atherothrombotic events4. Despite the greatly increased risk of heart disease and strokes, there are currently no antiplatelet guidelines for the primary prevention of CVD in patients with IA3, and platelet function remains largely uninvestigated in this patient population. It is within this context that the recent work of Di Minno and colleagues, reported in this issue … Address correspondence to Dr. MacMullan; E-mail: pmacmullan{at}hotmail.com
Phosphorylation of the cell division protein GpsB regulates PrkC kinase activity through a negative feedback loop in Bacillus subtilis

Although many membrane Ser/Thr‐kinases with PASTA motifs have been shown to control bacterial cell division and morphogenesis, inactivation of the Ser/Thr‐kinase PrkC does not impact Bacillus subtilis cell division. In this study, we show that PrkC localizes at the division septum. In addition, three proteins involved in cell division/elongation, GpsB, DivIVA and EzrA are required for stimulating PrkC activity in vivo. We show that GpsB interacts with the catalytic subunit of PrkC that, in turn, phosphorylates GpsB. These observations are not made with DivIVA and EzrA. Consistent with the phosphorylated residue previously detected for GpsB in a high‐throughput phosphoproteomic analysis of B. subtilis, we show that threonine 75 is the single PrkC‐mediated phosphorylation site in GpsB. Importantly, the substitution of this threonine by a phospho‐mimetic residue induces a loss of PrkC kinase activity in vivo and a reduced growth under high salt conditions as observed for gpsB and prkC null mutants. Conversely, substitution of threonine 75 by a phospho‐ablative residue does not induce such growth and PrkC kinase activity defects. Altogether, these data show that proteins of the divisome control PrkC activity and thereby phosphorylation of PrkC substrates through a negative feedback loop in B. subtilis.
Die diskursanalytische Rekonstruktion von politischen Leitbildern bildungsbezogener 'guter Kindheit'

Ziel der diskursanalytischen Betrachtung von politischen Dokumenten (hierzu gehoren: Plane, Programme und Berichte in bildungs‐ und kindheitsrelevanten Politikfeldern) und des darin auftretenden Diskurses zum Thema gute Kindheit und Bildung ist es, sie daraufhin zu untersuchen, welche Vorstellungen/Wissensbestande von ‚guter Kindheit‘ (und damit verbunden richtiger Erziehung und Bildung, guter Elternschaft, guter padagogischer Arbeit in Bildungsinstitutionen) transportiert werden. Das Projekt beabsichtigt daher, die politisch hervorgebrachten Leitbilder einer fruhen und offentlich verantworteten ‚Bildungskindheit‘ (vgl. Betz 2010) und ihre Konnotationen zu rekonstruieren. Ein Ausgangspunkt ist, dass die in den Dokumenten erzeugten Annahmen, Strategien und Masnahmen einen weitreichenden Einfluss auf bildungspolitische Veranderungen und die Ausgestaltung der offentlich verantworteten (Fruh‐) Erziehung/Bildung haben, also soziale Prozesse aktiv mitgestalten, wie dies beispielhaft an der Implementierung der Bildungs‐ und Erziehungsplane oder der Initiierung von Elternbildungsprogrammen veranschaulicht werden kann (siehe auch Kapitel 4.3.2)). Weiter wird davon ausgegangen, dass diese wirkmachtigen Annahmen auch Einfluss auf die Strukturierung der Vorstellungen, Haltungen und Praktiken der sozialen Akteure haben, was es empirisch einzufangen gilt. Der Frage, ob und in welcher Art und Weise dies der Fall ist, inwieweit hier die sozial situierten im Sinne von milieuspezifisch unterschiedlich gepragten Vorstellungen ‚guter Kindheit‘ mit den Vorstellungen in politischen Berichten korrespondieren und welche Bedeutung dies wiederum fur die Reproduktion von Bildungsungleichheiten hat, soll [hier] explorativ nachgegangen werden. (DIPF/Orig.)
THE TREATMENT OF HYPERHIDROSIS WITH TOPICAL PROPANTHELINE—A NEW TECHNIQUE

Summary. — The effectiveness of topical propantheline (Probanthine) aerosol in suppressing hyperhidrosis is confirmed in a trial carried out on 38 institutionalized, mentally subnormal patients. One foot was treated, the other served as a control. Macerative keratolysis was reduced and the growth of new skin promoted, most of this improvement lasting for more than 1 month. The treatment dried rapidly and was cosmetically acceptable. An inert aerosol was not effective.
Calcium‐sensing receptor in rat vagal bronchopulmonary sensory neurons regulates the function of the capsaicin receptor TRPV1

• What is the central question of this study? Extracellular calcium‐sensing receptor (CaSR) is known to play a critical role in the maintainance of systemic calcium homeostasis. Recent studies suggest that CaSR is also involved in many biological processes unrelated to Ca2+ balance. However, the expression of CaSR and its potential interaction with transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor type 1 (TRPV1) function in bronchopulmonary afferent nerves is not known. • What is the main finding and its importance? Our immunohistochemical study demonstrated the expression of CaSR in bronchopulmonary sensory neurons. Our patch‐clamp recordings showed that strong activation of CaSR inhibits, whereas reduced CaSR function potentiates, the capsaicin‐evoked TRPV1 current in these neurons. Our data suggest that CaSR plays an integrative role in bronchopulmonary afferent signalling.
Lipids of the fin whale (balaenoptera physalus) from North Atlantic waters. II. Fatty acid composition of the liver lipids and gas-liquid chromatography evidence for the occurrence of 5,8,11,14-nonadecatetraenoic acid.

The fatty acid composition of the liver lipids of the fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) closely resembles that of terrestrial mammals. Gas–liquid chromatographic evidence indicates that 5,8,11,14-nonadecatetraenoic acid is present, and the origin of this acid in association with 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid is discussed.
Simplification de la mémoire des agents en utilisant des FMDP

Dans cet article, nous nous interessons a la problematique de l’apprentissage par renforcement dans un cadre multi-agent asynchrone et faiblement couple. Nous montrons qu’il est necessaire de memoriser des informations sur les actions passees et nous montrons comment factoriser cette information memorisee pour que l’espace d’etats reste praticable en nous appuyant sur le modele des processus decisionnels de Markov factorises (FMDP). Nous definissons un mecanisme d’apprentissage qui integre les actions et les observations passees et nous expliquons comment ce modele est implante dans notre plateforme et nous discutons les resultats attendus.