Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of phytochemical constituents of Eucalyptus citriodora L. responsible for antifungal activity against post-harvest fungi

In vitro antifungal activity and phytochemical constituents of essential oil, aqueous, methanol and chloroform extract of Eucalyptus citriodora Hook leaves were investigated. A qualitative phytochemical analysis was performed for the detection of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, sterols, tannins and phenols. Methanolic extract holds all identified biochemical constituents except for the tannin. While these biochemical constituents were found to be absent in essential oil, aqueous and chloroform extracts with the exception of sterols, cardiac glycosides and phenols in essential oil and sterols and phenols in aqueous and chloroform extracts. Antimycotic activity of four fractions of E. citriodora was investigated through agar-well diffusion method against four post-harvest fungi, namely, Aspergillus flavus Link ex Gray, Aspergillus fumigatus Fres. , Aspergillus nidulans Eidam ex Win and Aspergillus terreus Thom. The results revealed maximum fungal growth inhibition by methanolic extract (14.5%) followed by essential oil (12.9%), chloroform extract (10.15%) and aqueous extract (10%).
Comparative analysis of essential oil components of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. var. officinalis (Dode) Huang and Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth.

Essential oils from the fruit of two species of Evodia rutaecarpa from China (Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. var. officinalis (Dode) Huang and Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. ) have been obtained by hydrodistillation and analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in order to discern the differences and similarities between the volatile chemical compositions of these species. More than 21 components were identified in essential oils of the studied plants. In the oil of E. rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. var. officinalis (Dode) Huang, the main essential oil ingredients were β-myrcene (44.43%) and β-pinene (39.88%). β-pinene (72.82%), 1R-α-pinene (8.90%) and β-myrcene (1.99%) were the major compounds in the oil of E. rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. The chemical compounds of the essential oils showed that there are only six common compounds between the two species.
Phenolic acid contents, essential oil compositions and antioxidant activities of two varieties of Salvia euphratica from Turkey

This study was designed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activities of n-hexane (Hex), dichloromethane (DCM), methanol (MeOH) and essential oils (EO) extracts obtained from Salvia euphratica var. euphratica and Salvia euphratica var. leiocalycina and to determine their essential oil and phenolic acid compositions. The samples were screened for their antioxidant activity by using DPPH and β-carotene/linoleic acid assays. Methanol extracts of both varieties exhibited strong antioxidant activities. Our results showed that rosmarinic acid was dominant phenolic acid of MeOH extracts (39.4 and 55.8 µg mg−1, respectively). The chemical compositions of essential oils of two varieties were analysed and their main components were determined as eucalyptol (18.4%) and trans-pinocarvyl acetate (24.9%), respectively. It can be said that these varieties could be used as natural antioxidant
Antimycobacterial and antioxidant activities of reserpine and its derivatives

In view of the attributed medicinal properties of reserpine, a number of acyl reserpine derivatives were prepared and tested for antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, strain H37Rv and antioxidant activities. The results indicated that in the case of antimycobacterial activity, 10 out of 18 derivatives caused more inhibition than that caused by reserpine itself. The results of antioxidant activity revealed that acylation in benzene ring of reserpine decreases the percentage inhibition of DPPH in all the derivatives compared to the parent compound (1).
Indicators for high physical strain and overload in elite football players

Laboratory, psychological and performance parameters as possible indicators of physical strain and overload during highly demanding competition phases were evaluated in elite male football players. In two studies with the same objective, periods of high (HE: >270 min during 3 weeks before testing) and low (LE: <270 min) match exposure were compared over the course of an entire season. In study 1 (n=88 players of the first and second German leagues; age: 25.6±4.3 years; body mass index (BMI): 23.2±1.0 kg/m2), blood count, CK, urea, uric acid, CRP and ferritin were determined. In study 2, 19 players of the third German league and the highest under‐19 league (age: 19.7±2.8 years; BMI: 22.8±1.7 kg/m2) were screened for individual vertical jump height, maximal velocity and by the Recovery‐Stress‐Questionnaire for Athletes (REST‐Q Sport). The mean differences in exposure times were 180 min (study 1: quartiles: 105, 270 min) and 247 min (study 2: 180, 347 min), respectively. Significant differences were found neither in blood parameters (study 1; P>0.36) nor in physiological testing results or in REST‐Q scores (study 2; P>0.20). A 3‐week period of high match exposure in elite football players does not affect laboratory, psychometric and performance parameters.
Cyclooxygenase inhibitory properties of nor-neolignans from Styrax pohlii

Chemical investigation of the n-hexane and EtOAc fractions of the ethanolic extract from Styrax pohlii (Styracaceae) aerial parts resulted in the isolation of the benzofuran nor-neolignan derivatives egonol (1), homoegonol (2), homoegonol gentiobioside (3), homoegonol glucoside (4) and egonol gentiobioside (5). This is the first report of compounds 1–5 in S. pohlii. Compounds 1–5, the acetyl derivatives 1 a and 2 a, the ethanolic extract (EE), the n-hexane fraction (HF) and EtOAc fraction (EF) were tested for their inhibitory activities against COX-1 and COX-2. The results showed that EE, HF, EF and compounds 1–5 and 1 a–2 a shown weak to moderate inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2. Among the assayed nor-neolignans, 4 gave a COX-1 inhibition of 35.7% at 30 µM. Compound 5 displayed a COX-2 inhibition of 19.7% at 30 µM.
Effect of a simulated soccer match on the functional hamstrings‐to‐quadriceps ratio in amateur female players

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a simulated soccer test on the functional hamstrings‐to‐quadriceps ratio (Hecc : Qcon) in female soccer players. Fourteen amateur players (age, 26.1 ± 4.6 years; height, 168 ± 12 cm; body mass, 62.7 ± 5.5 kg; body fat, 23.7 ± 2.2%) performed the modified Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (modified LIST). Isokinetic strength assessments of the hamstrings and quadriceps on the dominant and non‐dominant legs at 120°/s were performed before and immediately after the modified LIST. Hecc : Qcon was calculated as the ratio of the peak eccentric torque of the hamstrings to the peak concentric torque of the quadriceps. A two‐way univariate analysis of variance was used to assess the effect of time and leg dominance on Hecc : Qcon. The main results showed that the modified LIST led to a significant decrease in Hecc : Qcon in the dominant (−14.1%) and non‐dominant legs (−8.0%) (P = 0.02). However, this decrease was not significantly different between dominant and non‐dominant legs (P = 0.42). These results reflect a greater risk of hamstrings tears and ACL sprains at the end of soccer matches.
IκBαM suppresses angiogenesis and tumorigenesis promoted by a constitutively active mutant EGFR in human glioma cells

Abstract Human glioma cell lines (G36ΔEGFR and IN500ΔEGFR) have been shown to display an enhanced tumorigenic phenotype, when transfected with a constitutively active form of the epidermal growth factor receptor (ΔEGFR). These cells were transfected with a mutant IκBα (IκBαM) that is resistant to phosphorylation and degradation, and hence blocks NF-κB activity. Recently, EGFR has been shown to increase the activity of NF-κB and to induce angiogenesis. In this report, we asked if IκBαM gene transfer into human glioma cell lines would inhibit tumorigenicity and angiogenesis in glioma. IκBαM inhibited in vitro and in vivo expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin 8 (IL-8). Human glioma xenografts treated with IκBαM gene transfer exhibited significantly decreased angiogenesis both in an orthotopic and in an ectopic model. The decreased expression of VEGF and IL-8 directly correlated with decreased tumorigenicity, and tumor vascularization. Taken in combination, these results provide strong evidence of IκBαM's role in regulating glioma angiogenesis even in the presence of constitutive EGFR activation.
Evidence for production of a bacteriocin-like substance by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, inhibitory to Staphylococcus aureus from foods

This study assessed the production of a bacteriocin-like substance by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius S28, and evaluates its inhibitory effect against isolates of S. aureus from foods. All indicator isolates were sensitive to the substance produced from S. pseudintermedius S28, showing growth inhibition zones ranging from 14.2 to 28.3 mm. The inhibitory substance has no effect against the producer strain. The inhibitory substance was affected by proteolytic enzymes, while glycolytic and lipolytic enzymes had no effect, suggesting that the active substance could be considered as a bacteriocin-like substance. From these results, S. pseudintermedius S28 could be an interesting producer of a bacteriocin-like substance capable of strongly inhibiting S. aureus.
The potential impact of strawberry on human health

The strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa, Duch.) represents a relevant source of micronutrients, such as minerals, vitamin C, folate and phenolic substances, most of which are natural antioxidants and contribute to the high nutritional quality of the fruit. All these compounds are essential for health and, in particular, strawberry phenolics are best known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action, and possess directly and indirectly antimicrobial, anti-allergy and anti-hypertensive properties, as well as the capacity to inhibit the activities of some physiological enzymes and receptor properties. The main objective of this article is to review and update the current knowledge on the potential impact of the strawberry on human health, with particular attention on compounds and their possible mechanisms of action.
The maximal steady state versus selected running events

To investigate the relationship between the maximal steady state (MSS) and selected running events, seven males (mean = 37.6 years) who were experienced competitive distance runners were studied. From a series of 10-min steady-state treadmill runs, MSS (treadmill velocity, VO2, or heart rate where lactic acid concentration was 2.2 mM/L of venous blood) was determined for all subjects. Treadmill velocity at MSS averaged 258.9 +/- 29.0 m/min. The subjects subsequently performed maximal time trials or races at 13.7 m (15 yd), 45.7 m (50 yd), 402.3 m (440 yd), 3.22 km (2 miles), 8.05 km (5 miles), 16.09 km (10 miles), and 20 km (12.44 miles). Running paces for the 402.3-m, 3.22-km, 8.05-km, 16.09-km, and 20-km distances were all correlated significantly with the treadmill pace at MSS (r = 0.84 to 0.995). The highest correlation was between the MSS treadmill velocity and the 8.05-km pace. The mean for a 6.44-km (4 miles) flat section of the 16.09-km run was identical to the mean treadmill velocity at MSS (258.9 m/min). These data indicate that the pace for essentially aerobic events (3.22 km to 20 km) can be closely approximated by knowledge of a runner's MSS, or conversely that the MSS can be predicted very closely from the pace during an all-out 3.22-km, 8.05 km, 16.09-km, or 20-km run.
SHORT COMMUNICATION Antioxidant activities, distribution of phenolics and free amino acids of Erica australis L. leaves and flowers collected in Algarve, Portugal

Leaves and flowers from Erica plant possess nutritional and medicinal properties. We determined the antioxidant activity, phenolic, flavonoid and amino acid profiles of the leaves and flowers of this plant. Total amino acid content varied from 28 to 49 and essential amino acids from 8 to 20mg/g for flowers and leaves, respectively, with different distributions within the plant. From 16 phenolic compounds identified, delphinidin-3-glucoside, caffeic acid and cyanidin-3,5-glucoside in leaves and pelargonidin-3,5-glucoside in flowers were the compounds in highest amount, all with over 500mg/g. Although flowers had higher contents of phenolic compounds (4000mg/g) than leaves (3400mg/g), they showed lower antioxidant activity, indicating that the antioxidant activity depends not only on the content of phenolics, but also on their type. This study shows that this plant has the potential to be used as an extra dietary source of amino acids and phenolic compounds and its consumption may provide health benefits.
Skeletal Health in Adulthood

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a major public health problem. We now have an approach to case finding that involves the measurement of bone mineral density in people at high risk of fractures. Diagnosis: Diagnostic evaluation includes assessing risk factors, measuring bone mineral density, establishing the fracture status of the individual and monitoring treatment effects with either bone mineral density or bone turnover markers. Management: Successful management of the individual requires selection of optimal therapy and encouragement of long-term adherence with the planned treatment. The drugs available for the prevention of fractures are classified as either anticatabolic or anabolic. The efficacy of these agents can be evaluated in the individual by monitoring changes in bone mineral density or bone turnover markers.
Flavonoids of Dikamali: A phytochemical reinvestigation

Eleven known flavonoids (1–11) were isolated from Dikamali, the gum resin of Gardenia lucida. Three of them, desmethylnobiletin, pectolinarigenin and xanthomicrol, are a new report from this source. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data are being given for all the isolates. For two of them, viz., 3′,4′-dimethoxywogonin and 4′-hydroxywogonin, such data have not been reported in literature. Furthermore, correct NMR data are being provided for gardenin C as the data reported in literature were found to be incorrect.
Genetic subtypes of invasive bladder cancer

Purpose of review Recently completed cancer genomics projects identified intrinsic subtypes in muscle-invasive bladder cancers. Here we will describe the studies that led to their discovery and review their biological and clinical properties. Recent findings Whole genome mRNA expression profiling and unsupervised hierarchical cluster analyses identified intrinsic basal and luminal subtypes in muscle-invasive bladder cancers that are similar to the ones found in breast cancer. Tumors within each subtype have distinct responses to conventional cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy, and they contain gene expression signatures and DNA alterations that may render them vulnerable to clinically available targeted therapies. Summary Like their breast cancer counterparts, basal bladder cancers are characterized by poor clinical outcomes in the absence of effective systemic therapy, but a large fraction of them do respond to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, suggesting that the tumors should be managed aggressively. On the contrary, tumors that belong to the ‘p53-like’ subtype tend to be chemoresistant, so patients with these tumors should probably be managed differently. It seems likely that prospective identification of tumor intrinsic subtype membership could complement the use of DNA-based biomarkers to identify the groups of patients who will benefit the most from chemotherapy and targeted agents.
Imaging muscle-invasive and metastatic urothelial carcinoma

Purpose of review Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) comprises approximately one-third of bladder cancers and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Accurate staging of bladder cancer is essential because of significantly different treatment options and the consequences of inaccurate staging. The current recommended method for staging is transurethral resection of the bladder tumor followed by contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT). In this review, we discuss cross-sectional imaging approaches used to assess local, nodal, and distant metastases in MIBC. Recent findings Determining the most accurate imaging method for staging MIBC is a contentious issue. CT with contrast is a practical approach; however, there is potential for understaging of small lymph nodes or foci of metastasis. Multiparametric MRI is emerging as the imaging modality of choice in tumor staging, with a reported accuracy of more than 90%. Locoregional lymph node metastasis can also be accurately evaluated using functional MRI and specific contrast agents with paramagnetic characteristics. PET/CT with conventional radiotracers is a common imaging modality for staging distant metastases. Summary Conventional imaging methods for evaluating MIBC are of limited use. However, recent advances in molecular imaging, targeted contrast agents, and functional MRI have shown promising results for the staging of bladder cancer.
Hair shaft abnormalities in alopecia areata evaluated by optical coherence tomography

Background/purpose: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is able to provide highly reproducible measurements of hair shaft thickness, including hair shaft diameter, cross‐sectional surface area and hair shape, similar to histology but in vivo. Variations in the caliber of hair shafts have been described in patchy hair loss like alopecia areata (AA) using electron microscopy. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether OCT is useful for the evaluation of hair shaft abnormalities in AA.
Congenital mandibular myxosarcoma in a foal

A five-week-old Arabian filly presented with a rapidly expanding congenital mass on the rostral portion of the mandible involving the deciduous incisors (#701–703 and 801–802). Radiographs revealed a mass of soft tissue and bone containing a multicameral area of marked osteolysis. On biopsy, the mass contained abundant mucinous fluid; myxosarcoma was diagnosed on clinical, histological and immunohistochemical features. Surgical excision was performed, but excision was incomplete and two months later the tumour recurred rostrally. Rostral hemimandibulectomy was performed, but the foal was euthanased five weeks after discharge because of persistent colic; no tumour recurrence or metastasis was found. Myxomatous tumours are rare in the horse, largely associated with the head and radiographic findings are consistent with a locally invasive mass on the head that appears cystic and osteolytic. While mucin within the mass is highly suggestive, histopathology is required for definitive diagnosis. Complete surgical excision with wide, clean margins is the treatment of choice.
Fluorescent fibre‐optic confocal imaging of lesional and non‐lesional psoriatic skin compared with normal skin in vivo

Fibre‐optic confocal imaging (FOCI) allows non‐invasive visualization of live skin in vivo. A contrast agent, a fluorophore, is injected in the dermis. FOCI images are optical sections from a horizontal (en face) view. The aim was to study epidermis and the cellular structure of keratinocytes of psoriatic plaques and adjacent non‐lesional with healthy skin as a reference.
Comparison of entorhinal cortex atrophy between early‐onset and late‐onset Alzheimer's disease using the VSRAD, a specific and sensitive voxel‐based morphometry

The most characteristic symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is episodic memory impairment, which is closely associated with atrophy of the entorhinal cortex. Meanwhile, atypical symptoms are more frequent in early‐onset AD than in late‐onset AD, suggesting that the former subtype has less atrophy in the entorhinal cortex. Therefore, we investigated whether the degree of atrophy in the entorhinal cortex is different between the two subtypes of AD using the voxel‐based specific regional analysis system for AD (VSRAD) targeting this region.
FROST-BITES AMONG EMPLOYEES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK: DURING THE WINTER OF 1933-1934

Among the regular and temporary employees of the Department of Sanitation, there were 388 cases of frost-bite between December 1933 and March 1934. One hundred and twenty-eight cases were mild; the men lost no time from work and required but one treatment. The data on these 128 cases were not available for inclusion in this study, which is limited to the 260 remaining cases. One hundred and eighteen men had frost-bitten ears, of which four resulted in disfiguring scars; one had a frost-bitten nose, which left no noticeable scar; 113 had frost-bitten hands and fingers, twenty of whom have permanent defects varying from limitation of motion in one finger to almost complete loss of use of the hand. Of forty-two frost-bites of the feet there are four with similar variations of permanent defects. The classification of permanent defect does not include patients who complained of recurrent swelling of the affected
High-intensity focused ultrasound for the treatment of renal masses: current status and future potential

Purpose of review To outline the current status of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for the treatment of renal tumors. Recent findings Application of extracorporeal HIFU for renal tumors is well tolerated with no serious perioperative complications. However, the techniques available do not permit sufficient tumor destruction that can be considered as an alternative to surgical extirpation. Laparoscopic HIFU avoids problems with respiratory movement and interphases and may achieve a greater rate of tumor destruction. Summary At the current time, HIFU of renal tumors has to be considered an experimental treatment approach. Prospective evaluation of laparoscopic HIFU is necessary to evaluate its oncologic efficacy.
Receiving while giving: The differential roles of receiving help and satisfaction with help on caregiver rewards among spouses and adult‐children

There is a growing body of literature on the rewards associated with caregiving and the utility of these rewards on buffering the negative consequences of caring for a family member with Alzheimer's disease. Many psychoeducational interventions aim to empower caregivers to seek and obtain help from their social support network, with the expectation that help will enable them to cope more effectively.
Intermediate Organelles of the Plant Secretory Pathway: Identity and Function

The secretory pathway of eukaryotic cells comprises a network of organelles that connects three large membranes, the plasma membrane, the vacuole and the endoplasmic reticulum. The Golgi apparatus and the various post‐Golgi organelles that control vacuolar sorting, secretion and endocytosis can be regarded as intermediate organelles of the endocytic and biosynthetic routes. Many processes in the secretory pathway have evolved differently in plants and cannot be studied using yeast or mammalian cells as models. The best characterized organelles are the Golgi apparatus and the prevacuolar compartment, but recent work has shed light on the role of the trans Golgi network, which has to be regarded as a separate organelle in plants. In this study, we wish to highlight recent findings regarding the late secretory pathway and its crosstalk with the early secretory pathway as well as the endocytic route in plants. Recently published findings and suggested models are discussed within the context of known features of the equivalent pathway in other eukaryotes.