Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chapter 2 Adenosine Metabolism , Adenosine Kinase , and Evolution

S. Masino and D. Boison (eds.), Adenosine: A Key Link between Metabolism and Brain Activity, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-3903-5_2, © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013 Abstract The enzyme adenosine kinase (AdK, ADK, or AK) plays an important role in regulating the intracellular as well as extracellular concentrations of adenosine and hence its diverse physiological actions. In view of the enormous pharmacological potential of adenosine, there has been much interest in studying adenosine kinase over the past few decades. This chapter summarizes the wealth of information that has accumulated concerning its structure and function. The aspects that are reviewed include the enzymological aspects of ADK including its reaction mechanism and ionic requirement; insights provided by the crystal structure of the enzyme; a brief overview of work on identi fi cation and development of ADK inhibitors; novel aspects of the ADK gene structure; tissue distribution and subcellular localization of the two ADK isoforms; novel information provided by mammalian cells harboring mutations of ADK; and lastly the evolutionary relationship of ADK to other related proteins. Despite enormous progress several important gaps exist in our knowledge regarding ADK, particularly concerning the cellular functions of the two isoforms and how their relative amounts in different tissues are regulated, that need to be understood in order to fully realize the therapeutic potential of increased local concentration of adenosine by modulation of this key enzyme.
Application Scheduling in Mobile Cloud Computing with Load Balancing

Mobile cloud computing (MCC) enables the mobile devices to offload their applications to the cloud and thus greatly enriches the types of applications on mobile devices and enhances the quality of service of the applications. Under various circumstances, researchers have put forward several MCC architectures. However, how to reduce the response latency while efficiently utilizing the idle service capacities of the mobile devices still remains a challenge. In this paper, we firstly give a definition of MCC and divide the recently proposed architectures into four categories. Secondly, we present a Hybrid Local Mobile Cloud Model (HLMCM) by extending the Cloudlet architecture. Then, after formulating the application scheduling problems in HLMCM and bringing forward the Hybrid Ant Colony algorithm based Application Scheduling (HACAS) algorithm, we finally validate the efficiency of the HACAS algorithm by simulation experiments.
CPU Usage Prediction Technique for Live Migration of Virtual Machines

Virtualization is a very important technology of cloud computing which partition the physical host into several Virtual Machines (VMs). The number of active host and their power consumption is easily managed by migrate the virtual machines based on their resource requirement and current status of the particular host. In cloud environment, Service Level Agreement (SLA) is necessary for maintaining reliable Quality of Service (QoS) between the user and data centers. The main objective is reduction of power cost and SLA violation. Live migration of the virtual machines manages the over load and under loaded situation of host which gives the ability of dynamic resource allocation on different host. The proposed technique will provide the ability of dynamic virtual machine consolidation using adaptive utilization threshold value based on CPU usage prediction which can easily manage the better SLA and reduces the number of VM migrations in between the host. The validation of the proposed technique on multiple workload traces of the Planet lab servers. Index Terms – Virtualization, Resource, CPU, Prediction, Live migration, Consolidation, Virtual Machine.
Di V erential population structuring and demographic history of two closely related W sh species , Japanese sea bass ( Lateolabrax japonicus ) and spotted sea bass ( Lateolabrax maculatus ) in Northwestern Paci W c

The Quaternary cold periods in the Northwestern PaciWc are thought to have heavily inXuenced the amount and distribution of intraspeciWc genetic variation in marine Wshes. To estimate the demographic history and genetic structure of Lateolabrax maculatus and L. japonicus in the Northwestern PaciWc, 256 individuals were sampled from 19 localities throughout the distribution range of the two species. Mitochondrial DNA variation was analyzed using DNA sequence data from the cytochrome b gene and control region. Nucleotide diversity was much higher in L. japonicus (0.030) than in L. maculatus (0.012). The demographic history of the two species was examined using neutrality tests and mismatch distribution analyses and results indicated Pleistocene population expansion in both species. Estimates of population expansion time suggested earlier population expansion in L. japonicus than in L. maculatus. Molecular variance analyses showed diVerential genetic structuring for these two closely related species. The results indicated that L. japonicus is panmictic throughout its range. In contrast, populations of L. maculatus showed statistically signiWcant levels of genetic structuring. Pattern of isolation by distance was observed in L. maculatus, suggesting that L. maculatus is in genetic equilibrium. In contrast, L. japonicus did not exhibit isolation by distance. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
MARKOV POINT PROCESS: 3D VORONOI TESSELLATIONS GENERATED BY STRAUSS PROCESS

The mutual arrangement of points constituting independent realizations of the conditional and unconditional Strauss process with variable parameters R, γ is characterized by the properties of Voronoi tessellations generated by examined point patterns. Abstrakt. Vzaimnoe raspolo enie toqek, sostavl wih nezavisimye realizacii uslovnogo i bezuslovnogo Xtrausovskogo processa s peremennymi parametrami R, γ harakterizuets svoĭstvami mozaik Voronova generirovannyh na osnove issleduemyh toqeqeqnyh modeleĭ.
9-level Hybrid Symmetric Cascaded Multilevel Converter for Induction Motor Drive

A 9-level hybrid symmetric cascaded multilevel converter fed induction motor (IM) drive is proposed in this paper. The converter used in the proposed drive system is capable of producing nine output voltage levels by cascading one 5-level Transistor Clamped H-bridge (TCHB) power cell and one 3-level HB power cell per phase. The other feature of the converter is near equal power distribution among the power cells, which results in improved input power quality. The operation of proposed converter is explained using Hybrid multi-carrier SPWM technique. In TCHB power cell, the DC link mid point (MP) is connected to one of the output legs using a bidirectional switch. Therefore, the variation in DC link MP voltage in TCHB power cell is also analysed and presented in this paper. Finally, the proposed converter system is validated by simulating a 500 hp IM speed controlled drive in MATLAB/Simulink environment. Keywords—Multilevel converter, cascaded H-bridge (CHB), hybrid multilevel inverters, transistor-clamped H-bridge inverter (TCHB), induction motor.
P o S ( D I S 2 0 1 3 ) 0 0 2 Parton Distributions in the Higgs Boson Era

Parton distributions are an essential ingredient of the LHC program. PDFs are relevant for precision Standard Model measurements, for Higgs boson characterization as well as for New Physics searches. In this contribution I review recent progress in the determination of the parton distributions of the proton during the last year. Important developments include the impact of new LHC measurements to pin down poorly known PDFs, studies of theoretical uncertainties, higher order calculations for processes relevant for PDF determinations, PDF benchmarking exercises with LHC data, as well as methodological and statistical improvements in the global analysis framework. I conclude with some speculative considerations about future directions in PDF determinations from the theory point of view.
Quality-ByDesign Model in Optimization of PEG-PLGA Nano Micelles for Targeted Cancer Therapy

Poly (D,L-Lactic-co-Glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer approved by FDA for clinical uses. Surface functionalization of self-assembly micelles made of PLGA with PolyEthylene Glycol (PEG) improves its stability and half-life in blood circulation via inhibiting adsorption of proteins on the surface and consequently decreasing opsonization rate. The purpose of present study was to optimize PEG amount absorbed on PLGA (PEGabsPLGA) micelles by application of quality by design approach. Based on risk assessment, effect of three variables including PLGA concentration, PEG concentration and molecular weight (MW) of PLGA were studied. Central composite design was implemented for design of experimentation with 26 runs. The PEGabsPLGA nano drug delivery system (NDDS), produced by o/w method, was optimized according to particle size, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential values. Validation of the model was successfully performed with three representative formulations from the design space. As a result, 43.79 mg of PLGA with MW of 30,000-60,000 was incorporated with 12.61 mg of PEG to obtain a 69 nm NDDS (predicted 67.72 nm) with the PDI value equal to 0.124 (predicted 0.112). The results successfully led to the preparation of the most stable nanoparticles which were stable at room temperature for six months.
Methods for Determining Bilirubin Level in Neonatal Jaundice Screening and Monitoring: A Literature Review

Physiological jaundice in newborns occurs after the first 24 hours of life due to the increasing level of bilirubin in the blood circulation resulting in the yellowish discoloration of the skin and sclera. Severe jaundice with toxic bilirubin level may lead to brain damage caused by the bilirubin staining of the central nervous system, medically termed as kernicterus. Currently, there are various measurement techniques in monitoring bilirubin level in cases of neonatal jaundice. This paper aimed to provide a comprehensive review of various methods of non-invasive screening and monitoring of neonatal jaundice which includes the light wavelength absorption or reflectance technique, optical technique, electronic equipment and image processing technique.
Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach Report No . 57 / 2010 DOI : 10 . 4171 / OWR / 2010 / 57 Mini-Workshop : Algebraic and Analytic Techniques for Polynomial Vector Fields

Polynomial vector fields are in the focus of research in various areas of mathematics and its applications. As a consequence, researchers from rather different disciplines work with polynomial vector fields. The main goal of this mini workshop was to create new and consolidate existing interdisciplinary exchange on the subject. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 34, 13A50, 13P, 13N, 37C. Introduction by the Organisers The mini workshop was attended by 17 participants, including a post doc from the USA funded by the “US Junior Oberwolfach Fellows” program of the US National Science Foundation. The mini workshop brought together researchers from various areas of algebra and analysis who work on topics related to polynomial vector fields, and was interdisciplinary in that sense. Many of the participants did not personally know each other prior to the workshop and were also not familiar with all the research areas. Every participant was asked to give a survey talk about their specialty and its relation to the workshop subject. The participants took great care in preparing their talks and made an effort to keep them at a level accessible to a rather general audience while at the same time mentioning interesting recent developments. During each talk and afterwards, there was ample time for questions and a discussion. Additionally, there were several informal problem sessions throughout the week. 3312 Oberwolfach Report 57/2010 Even during the workshop one could see successful interaction as participants were suggesting new approaches or applications for the methods and results presented in the talks. As an example, the existence criterion for algebraically independent first integrals presented in Derksen’s talk suggests a way to strengthen a result (due to Pereira) on the extactic of a polynomial vector field as well as additional results in that direction. The relationship of differential Galois theory to the center focus problem was also very interesting. The organisers are confident that the discussions started during the workshop will be continued and lead to fruitful collaborations. Many of the abstracts will be extended to survey articles in a special issue of the journal “Qualitative Theory of Dynamical Systems” and thus become available to a wider audience. To summarize, the workshop has broadened the view and the range of available tools for all participants. Mini-Workshop: Polynomial Vector Fields 3313 Mini-Workshop: Algebraic and Analytic Techniques for Polynomial Vector Fields
Antioxidant Properties of Apo-form of Recombinant Human Lactoferrin Isolated from Transgenic Goat Milk

The method of recombinant human lactoferrin isolation and purification from whole milk of transgenic goats was presented. Apo-form of recombinant human lactoferrin was produced. Antioxidant activity of lactoferrin apo-form in model system of radical-cation ABTS •+ reduction was demonstrated. IC50 value equaled 2.11·10 -4 mg/l, TEAC – 0.07 μM/μg protein.
Microbiota of the Gut: Antibiotic-Induced Dysbiosis and the Adverse Effects on Human Health

A healthy gut microbial community is essential for homeostasis in mammals. A symbiotic relationship between host and microbe is essential in developing the immune system, providing biomolecules and generating energy through utilisation of indigestible compounds. The diversity of the gut microbiota is altered following antibiotic treatments, the effect this has on the health and wellbeing of the host has long been underestimated and is now the subject of intense debate. Antibiotics facilitate the selection of energy harvesting microbes within the gut and hence heavily influence the gaining of weight and may be contributing more than we anticipated to the modern obesity epidemic. These changes to the bacterial composition of the gut, dysbiosis are caused by elevated oxygen levels within the gut that promotes the propagation of facultative anaerobic Proteobacteria, a condition associated with inflammation and cancer. Additionally, the altered oxygenated intestinal climate allows the growth of aerobic pathogens, conveying clinically relevant resistance genes on highly transmissible mobile elements between communities or acquiring them from commensal bacteria, in turn aiding the spread of antibiotic resistance. Here we discuss the indirect pleotropic effects antibiotics have on the microbial community and environment of the gut leading to hidden adverse implications to human health.
Long‐distance pollen flow and tolerance to selfing in a neotropical tree species

Outcrossing rates, pollen dispersal and male mating success were assessed in Dicorynia guianensis Amshoff, a neotropical tree endemic to the Guiana shield. All adult trees within a continuous area of 40 ha (n = 157) were mapped, and were genotyped with six microsatellite loci. In addition, progenies were genotyped from 22 mature trees. At the population level, the species was mostly outcrossing (tm = 0.89) but there was marked variation among individuals. One tree exhibited mixed mating, confirming earlier results obtained with isozymes that D. guianensis can tolerate selfing. A Bayesian extension of the fractional paternity method was used for paternity analysis, and was compared with the neighbourhood method used widely for forest trees. Both methods indicated that pollen dispersal was only weakly related to distance between trees within the study area, and that the majority (62%) of pollen came from outside the study stand. Using maximum likelihood, male potential population size was estimated to be 1119, corresponding to a neighbourhood size of 560 hectares. Male mating success was, however, related to the diameter of the stem and to flowering intensity assessed visually. The mating behaviour of D. guianensis is a combination of long‐distance pollen flow and occasional selfing. The species can still reproduce when it is extremely rare, either by selfing or by dispersing pollen at long distances. These results, together with the observation that male mating success was correlated with the size of the trees, could be implemented in management procedures aiming at regenerating the species.
Axonal Damage Induced by Invading T Cells in Organotypic Central Nervous System Tissue in vitro: Involvement of Microglial Cells

Neuroinflammation in the course of multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis results in demyelination and, recently demonstrated, axonal loss. Invading neuroantigen specific T cells are the crucial cellular elements in these processes. Here we demonstrate that invasion of activated T cells induces a massive microglial attack on myelinated axons in entorhinal‐hippocampal slice cultures. Flow cytometry analysis of activation markers revealed that the activation state of invading MBP‐specific T cells was significantly lower in comparison to PMA‐activated T cells. Moreover, MBP‐specific T cells showed a significantly lower secretion of IFN‐γ. Conversely, MBP‐specific T cells displayed a significantly higher potential to trigger activation of microglial cells, i.e. upregulation of MHC class II and ICAM‐1 expression, and, most importantly, microglial phagocytosis of pre‐traced axons. Our data suggest that this was mediated via specific cellular interactions of T cells and microglial cells since IFN‐γ alone was not sufficient to induce axonal damage while such damage was apparent in response to TNF‐α which is released by activated microglial cells. TNF‐α secretion by both T cell populations was negligible. Thus, MBP‐specific T cells which invade nervous tissue in the course of neuroinflammation are more effective in axon‐damaging recruiting microglial cells than activated T cells of other specificities.
Special Section on Robust Speech Processing in Realistic Environments Signal Processing Techniques for Robust Speech Recognition

In this paper, signal processing techniques which can be applied to automatic speech recognition to improve its robustness are reviewed. The choice of signal processing techniques is strongly dependent on the scenario of the applications. The analysis of scenario and the choice of suitable signal processing techniques are shown through two examples. key words: signal processing, automatic speech recognition, robustness
Response of Lowland Rice to Biofertilizesr Inoculation and their Effects on Growth and Yield in Southwestern Nigeria

Low input technology through the use of biofertilizers in rice has increased due to their potential as plant growth regulator and ability to increase yield on an economical and sustainable basis. Field trials were conducted at the Federal University of Technology, Akure during the dry season of 2012/2013 in the tropical rainforest agro-ecology of south west Nigeria. The objective was to investigate the response and performance of some selected lowland rice varieties to the application of biofertilizers. A 5 x 3 factorial experiment was conducted; five lowland rice varieties selected with and without the application of biofertilizer (mycorrhizae and rhizobium), laid out in split plot arrangement, with mycorrhizae and rhizobium in the main block, while variety was in the sub-plot. Each treatment was replicated three times. Result show significant (P < 0.05) effect of biofertilizer inoculation observed on vegetative, reproductive growth and development parameters in the order + biofertilizers > biofertilizers. There was no significant (P > 0.05) varietal variability on grain yield/ha. N-L-19 recorded higher grain yield (6090t/ha), higher panicle/m2 (111.63), highest filled spikelet (567) and highest grain weight (32.8g).
Navigation-Aware and Personalized Prefetching of Network Requests in Android Apps

Prefetching network requests has been advocated as a highly effective way of reducing network latency experienced by the user since it allows network responses to be generated immediately from a local cache. In this paper we discuss how user navigation patterns can be used for developing navigation-aware techniques for personalized prefetching of network requests of Android apps. The proposed idea opens for a new family of prefetching opportunities since it focusses at a higher level of abstraction with respect to state-of-the-art approaches for network requests prefetching. The proposed idea allows the development of approaches which adapt their prefetching behaviour according to the unique navigation patterns each user exhibits while interacting with a mobile app.
Query by rhythm: an approach for song retrieval in music databases

We propose techniques for retrieving songs by rhythm from music databases. The rhythm of songs is modeled by rhythm strings. The song retrieval problem is then transformed to the string matching problem. In order to allow approximate string matching, we define similarity measures on rhythm strings. An index structure, called L-tree, is proposed to support efficient sub-string matching. Retrieval algorithms based on L-tree are then designed to provide approximate and sub- song retrieval. Experimental results show that this approach is effective and efficient.
Mayaro Virus-Discovery and Biological Cycle

Mayaro virus produces a nonspecific, sublethal disease in man with symptoms that are often confused with dengue. The symptoms of arthralgia, often associated with these viral infections, can cause an incapacitating disability. To date, outbreaks have been localized and sporadic within the Pan-Amazonia forest since its first isolation in 1954 (Trinidad and Tobago). The available literature is diverse, scarce and dispersed. Mayaro virus is an alphavirus, which is phylogenetically related to the Semliki forest antigenic complex. In the New World, Mayaro and the related UNA viruses are the only members of this complex that have been isolated. The genome of Mayaro consists of single-stranded RNA with a positive charge and a length of 12 kb that can be subdivided into genomic and subgenomic regions that encode nonstructural and structural proteins, respectively. Mayaro has shown great plasticity in hosts for vertebrate infections, but high specificity in invertebrates towards the family Culicidae (mosquitoes). Risk factors for infection are forested areas in northern South America and the rainy season. Two genotypes of MAYV have been identified, L (restricted to Belterra, Brazil) and D (widely distributed in the Pan-Amazonia). The enzootic cycle is similar to the jungle cycle of yellow fever, which involves Haemagogus mosquitoes and monkeys as reservoirs. Of concern is the potential spread of the virus by the involvement of other secondary vectors and hosts such as Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus and Aedes scapularis that have been shown experimentally to efficiently transmit the virus. Together with the observed high viremia levels of infected individuals, a significant risk exists for an emerging disease in urban, rural and peridomestic locations close to enzootic foci of Mayaro virus.