Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of paediatricians in the prophylaxis of early childhood caries

Abstract The first visit to the dentist should take place within 6 months after the first deciduous tooth erupts, and not later than in the 12th month of the child’s life. To assess the role of paediatricians in the prophylaxis of early childhood caries, the authors studied recommendations given to parents about the age when their child should see the dentist for the first time. The survey covered 250 parents of children aged from 11 to 69 months who attended nursery schools and kindergartens in Lublin. Our results show that paediatricians only referred 12.80% (n = 32) of all children at the age of between 3 to 66 months for their first visit to the dentist. Herein, half of the references were of children younger than 2 years (Me = 24.0). In total, the mean age of the child was 22.41 ± 13.24 months on reference. Thus, paediatricians refer children to the dentist for their first visit too seldom and too late. It is essential that paediatricians learn to participate to a greater extent in the prevention of early childhood caries. The cooperation between the paediatrician and the dentist is necessary to provide complex and comprehensive care to developmental age patients.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Pathophysiology and Risk Factors

Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing among pregnant women worldwide. Understanding of GDM pathophysiology and risk factors is helpful to prevent its complications. Known risk factors of GDM are genetic and unhealthy behaviors. Genetic risk factor is associated with pancreatic beta cell dysfunction and impaired carbohydrate and fat metabolism. In addition, unhealthy behaviors including dietary pattern and lack of exercise are known to promote development of diabetes. Overeating of unhealthy diet causes obesity, insulin resistance, and endothelial cell dysfunction. Food containing high sugar, fructose corn syrup, trans fat and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are associated with insulin resistance and impaired insulin signaling. As a result, elevated of blood glucose glycated hemoglobin, and dyslipidemia occur [1]. Moreover, reduction of adipokines secreting from adipose tissue is associated with insulin resistance, imbalance of glucose production, dysfunction of lipid metabolism, development of atherosclerosis and diabetes.
The Life and Works of Sadid al-Din Kazeroni: An Iranian Physician and Anatomist

Background: One of the great physicians in Iran who had expertise in medicine, surgery, and pharmacy was Sadid al-Din Kazeroni. He was a 14th century physician. No information is available on his birth and death – only “Al-Mughni”, a book, has been left to make him famous in surgical and medical knowledge. Methods: We used desk and historical research methods in this research, with a historical approach. This commonly used research method in human sciences was used to criticize and study the birthplace and works of Sadid al-Din Kazeroni. Results and Conclusion: Sadid al-Din Kazeroni discussed the exact issues in the field of anatomy, surgery, and gynecology. He was fluent in pharmacology. In his pharmacology book, for the first time, he named drugs considered necessary before and after surgery. In this study, we reviewed the biography and introduction of the works and reviewed “Al-Mughni”, a book on breast cancer.
The Search for an Alternative Biomarker for the Detection and Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma - The Journey So Far

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers in African where hepatitis is endemic. HCC has become the third most common malignancy worldwide, with a very poor prognosis, rendering it the fourth highest cause of cancer related deaths. The poor prognosis of HCC is mostly linked to late diagnosis because few treatment strategies can be implemented in patients with advanced disease. The levels of AFP combined with abdominal ultrasonography were considered the “gold standard” for HCC screening in patients with liver cirrhosis. Several studies have suggested other biomarkers that are more sensitive, specific and reliable compared to AFP and USS in HCC diagnosis. These biomarkers include Proteins (including enzymes and isoenzymes), growth factors and their receptors, molecular markers and cytokines. These biomarkers could be useful biomarkers or complementary biomarkers in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis associated hepatocellular carcinoma.
The Pseudo-Observation Analysis of Time-To-Event Data. Example from the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Cohort Illustrating Assumptions, Model Validation and Interpretation of Results

Abstract Regression analyses for time-to-event data are commonly performed by Cox regression. Recently, an alternative method, the pseudo-observation method, has been introduced. This method offers new possibilities of analyzing data exploring cumulative risks on both a multiplicative and an additive risk scale, in contrast to the multiplicative Cox regression model for hazard rates. Hence, the pseudo-observation method enables assessment of interaction on an additive scale. However, the pseudo-observation method implies more strict model assumptions regarding entry and censoring but avoids the assumption of proportional hazards (except from combined analyses of several time intervals where assumptions of constant hazard ratios, risk differences and relative risks may be imposed). Only few descriptions of the use of the method are accessible for epidemiologists. In this paper, we present the pseudo-observation method from a user-oriented point of view aiming at facilitating the use of this relatively new analytical tool. Using data from the Diet, Cancer and Health Cohort we give a detailed example of the application of the pseudo-observation method on time-to-event data with delayed entry and right censoring. We discuss model control and suggest analytic strategies when assumptions are not met. The introductory model control in the data example showed that data did not fulfill the assumptions of the pseudo-observation method. This was caused by selection of healthier participants at older baseline ages and a change in the distribution of study participants according to outcome risk during the inclusion period. Both selection effects need to be addressed in any time-to-event analysis and we show how these effects are accounted for in the pseudo-observation analysis. The pseudo-observation method provides us with a statistical tool which makes it possible to analyse cohort data on both multiplicative and additive risk scales including assessment of biological interaction on the risk difference scale. Thus, it might be a relevant choice of method – especially if the focus is to investigate interaction from a public health point of view.
Trend of Patients’ Compliance in a Public Hospital Before and After Healthcare Reform Implementation

Background: Patient complaints from the healthcare system can be helpful to respond patients’ needs using identifying the weaknesses. In this study, the complaints trend of patients has been investigated before and after healthcare system reform progress in a public hospital. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was carried out to assess trend of patient's complaints in two period of time in a northeast governmental hospital before and after healthcare system reform implementation (2012-2016). In order to collect data, the checklist designed by the ministry of Health was used. Data entered to SPSS version 21 and analyzed using descriptive statistics and analytical tests such as Chi-square. Results: The study results revealed that the number of complaints were 29 and 198 before and after implementation of healthcare system reform, respectively. Most complaints were related to the emergency sector (31%) and about 40% of the complaints were from physicians. Most of the registered complaints were related to the quality of provided services (33.5%) and personnel exposure (30%), respectively. Accordance to study results, there was a significant difference between the number of complaints before and after implementation of the health system reform with the type of complainant (P <0.05). Conclusion: Implementation of healthcare reform plan has led to systematic registration and special attention to complaints in assessed hospital. Most of registered complaints were related to the emergency department which requires managers and hospital officials to pay special attention to this sector and take effective steps to improve quality of services.
Neue orale Antikoagulanzien

Nach dem Durcharbeiten dieses Beitrages sollten Sie in der Lage sein, die Ursachen für die Entwicklung der neuen oralen Antikoagulanzien (NOAK) zu benennen, die Wirkungsweise einschließlich der pharmakokinetischen Besonderheiten der neuen oralen Antikoagulanzien zu beschreiben, die Empfehlungen für diese Patienten, die mit neuen oralen Antikoagulantien behandelt werden, bei zahnärztlichen Eingriffen umzusetzen und entsprechende lokale und systemische Maßnahmen im Fall von Komplikationen durchzuführen.
Tarsal tunnel decompression: an effective method for prevention of foot complications in diabetic patients with compressive neuropathy at tarsal tunnel

Background: Diabetic foot is one of the most devastating complications of diabetes with 15% lifetime risk of developing ulcer foot. About 80% of diabetic foot is neuropathic in origin, revealing the importance of sensory sensation in preventing the development of diabetic ulcer. This study is aimed to identify the efficiency of tarsal tunnel decompression surgery in diabetic patients in ulcer healing and in the prevention of development of new diabetic related foot complications.Methods: About 70 diabetic patients with ulcer in one foot, acting as test limb and contralateral foot having no ulcer, acting as control limb was included in the study. Tarsal tunnel decompression surgery was done in the test limb and the status of ulcer in the test limb, in terms of diameter/ progress of ulcer healing was observed. In both the study limb and the control limb foot was examined for onset of any new diabetes related foot changes/complications during the follow up period for 18 months.Results: Postoperatively, at 6 weeks, 20 patients (28.6%) had their ulcers fully healed. At 3rd month postoperative follow up 90.48% of ulcers in the test limb showed complete healing following decompression surgery and 9.52% of ulcers showed partial healing. Following decompression surgery in the test limb, only 2 patients (3.28%) developed new diabetes related foot changes/complications as compared to control limb, where 15 patients (24.59%) developed new diabetes related foot changes/complications.Conclusions: Present study firmly proves that following tarsal tunnel decompression surgery, there is improvement in healing of the ulcer with conservative measures and there is a definitive role of tarsal tunnel decompression in prevention of development of new diabetes related foot changes/complications in patients.
Verträglichkeit bei Heimdialyseverfahren

Zusammenfassung Stärker als die zentrumsbasierten Verfahren bieten Heimverfahren die Möglichkeit, die sozialen und die mit Lebensqualität assoziierten Unverträglichkeiten der Nierenersatztherapie zu adressieren. Im vorliegenden Artikel werden die Aspekte einer nicht nur medizinischen Verträglichkeit beschrieben und zu den Möglichkeiten, die Heimverfahren bieten, in Beziehung gesetzt. Dennoch können auch schwerpunktmäßig medizinische Probleme wie hämodynamische Instabilität, Blutdruck- und Volumenregulation mittels der flexibleren Möglichkeiten der Heimdialyseverfahren erfolgreich angegangen werden. Der Artikel zeigt geeignete Herangehensweisen und stellt vor allem das Verständnis und die Lösungsansätze durch betroffene Patienten selbst in den Mittelpunkt der Überlegungen. Dieses „Shared Decision Making“ und die unter anderem darauf basierenden Bewältigungsstrategien stellen einen sowohl neuartigen als auch notwendigen Ansatz bei der Versorgung unserer lebenslang erkrankten Patienten dar.
Kars ve Yöresinde Sığırların Bakım ve Barındırma Koşulları ile Ayak Hastalıkları Arasındaki İlişkinin Değerlendirilmesi

Bu calisma, Kars ve yoresinde sigirlarda ayak hastaliklarina predispozisyon yaratabilecek bakim ve barindirma kosullarinin belirlenmesi, ayak hastaliklarinin prevalansinin saptanmasi ile yetistiricilerin koruyucu onlemler yonunden bilgilendirilerek ekonomik kayiplarin en aza indirilmesi amaciyla yapilmistir. Degisik yas, irk ve cinsiyette toplam 2317 sigir uzerinde yurutulen calismada 280 olguda ayak hastaligi tespit edildi ve insidans %12.08 olarak saptandi. Topalligin %35.26 sol arka, %31.21 sag arka, %17.34 sol on ve %16.19 oraninda sag on ayakta lokalize oldugu goruldu. Arka ayaklardaki lezyonlarin buyuk cogunlugunun lateral tirnakta (%77.8), on ayaktakilerin ise medial tirnaklarda (%64.2) yerlestigi saptandi. Cinsiyete gore dagilimlar ise % 48.2'sinin erkek, %51.8'inin ise disi oldugu belirlendi. Hastalik saptanan 2317 olgunun % 36.78'inde (103 olgu) interdigital dermatitis, % 9.64'unda (27 olgu) okce ve taban ezigi, % 9.28'unda (26 olgu) okce curugu, % 5.35'inde (15 olgu) digital dermatitis, %2.85'inde (8 olgu) beyaz cizgi hastaligi, %1.78'sinde (5 olgu) tirnak catlagi, %1.78'sinde (5 olgu) interdigital flegmon, %1.42'sinde (4 olgu) rusterholz ulkusu, %1.07'sinde (3 olgu) okce apsesi saptanirken, olgularin %30.00'unda (84 olgu) sadece tirnak deformasyonu gozlemlendi. Tirnak deformasyonlarinin kendi icindeki dagilimi ise sivri tirnak 67, kut tirnak 28, dolgun tirnak 18, ayrik tirnak 5 ve makasvari tirnak 2 olarak belirlendi. Sonuc olarak yoredeki isletmelerde barinak ve zeminin yapisina gerekli ozen gosterilmedigi ve ayak ve tirnak bakimiyla ilgili pek cok konu uzerine yetistiricilerin bilgilendirilmesinin ayak hastaliklari insidensini dusurecegi kanisina varilmistir.
Evaluación de un método de amplificación isotérmica medida por bucle para la detección rápida del virus sincitial respiratorio en niños con infección respiratoria aguda

Introducción. El virus sincicial respiratorio humano (hRSV) es la causa más frecuente de infección respiratoria aguda de las vías respiratorias inferiores en niños menores de cinco años. El desarrollo de técnicas moleculares para identificarlo es uno de los retos actuales en el campo de la investigación clínica. Objetivo. Evaluar un método de amplificación isotérmica para la detección rápida del hRSV en niños con infección respiratoria aguda. Materiales y métodos. Se extrajo el ARN viral de 304 muestras de hisopado nasal en niños con síntomas de infección respiratoria aguda atendidos en el servicio de urgencias del Hospital de la Universidad del Norte en Barranquilla entre abril del 2016 y julio del 2017. Se evaluó la prueba de amplificación isotérmica mediada por bucle mediante transcriptasa inversa de la proteína de la matriz (M) (Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification, RT-LAMP) comparada con técnicas moleculares como la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa mediante transcriptasa inversa múltiple anidada (Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction, RT-PCR), la cual se empleó como la prueba estándar, la PCR en tiempo real (quantitative PCR, qPCR) y la RT-LAMP de la proteína L (L) para la detección rápida del virus sincicial respiratorio (VSR), subtipo A y subtipo B. Resultados. La prueba de RT-LAMP (M) tuvo una sensibilidad de 93,59 %, una especificidad de 92,92 % y una concordancia de 0,83 ± 0,036 comparada con la prueba de RT-PCR anidada. El índice kappa del RT-LAMP (M) fue superior, y los valores del RTLAMP (L) y la qPCR concordaron (0,75 ± 0,043 y 0,71 ± 0,045, respectivamente).
Criminology

The study of criminology focuses on the problem of crime and on understanding the social, cultural, political, and economic forces that interact with the law. Concerns about public safety, crime, and social justice contribute to a strong demand for people knowledgeable in these areas. The fundamental courses present overviews of legal systems with particular emphasis on criminal and juvenile justice, forms of criminal behaviour, the role of law in understanding social and psychological phenomena, and the applications of sociological theory in understanding law and legal systems. Additional coursework provides a deeper understanding of the causes and consequences of crime, criminal justice policy, socio-legal theory, critical criminology, and restorative justice.
Effects of Moderate Hypothermia on Leukocyte- Endothelium Interaction in the Rat Pial Microvasculature After Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion

Background and Purpose—It has been demonstrated that moderate hypothermia attenuates brain damage, but the mechanism whereby this is achieved has not been clearly shown. Recently, the role of leukocytes as mediators of secondary brain damage after brain ischemia has been discussed. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of moderate hypothermia on leukocyte-endothelium interaction in the rat pial microvasculature after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Methods—Rhodamine 6G–labeled leukocytes in brain surface were visualized with intravital fluorescence videomicroscopy through a closed cranial window. We analyzed the number of leukocytes adhering to the venular and arteriolar endothelium before ischemic insult and up to 3 hours after reperfusion. Rats were divided into 4 experimental groups. Group I (n=6) consisted of sham-operated animals. Groups II (n=6) and III (n=6) received left MCAO for 1 hour under normothermia (36°C to 37°C, group II) and under moderate hypothermia (30°C to.
Organoids as Reliable Breast Cancer Study Models: An Update

• Page 1 of 11 • Citation: Sasmita AO, Wong YP (2018) Organoids as Reliable Breast Cancer Study Models: An Update. Int J Oncol Res 1:008. Accepted: October 04, 2018; Published: October 06, 2018 Copyright: © 2018 Sasmita AO, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Analysis of a Medical Center's Cardiac Risk Screening Protocol Using Propensity Score Matching

Researchers at the University of Maryland Medical Center in Baltimore have developed a cardiac risk stratification protocol in the hopes of reducing the time-fromarrival-to-first-operation for geriatric orthopedic patients. They collected observational data for two years prior to and following the October 2014 implementation of the new screening protocol. Therefore, advanced analytical techniques are required to isolate the treatment effect of the new screening protocol. Propensity score matching (PSM) is used to handle the observational data in order to reduce the bias attributable to the confounding covariates. In addition to PSM, various regression techniques are used to help the researchers determine if their treatment has been successful in reducing the number of cardiac complications experienced by the elderly patients during and post-surgery. Recommendations are then made to the hospital’s researchers. AFIT-ENC-MS-18-M-129
Dislocated Corneal Lamellar Flap Following Blunt Ocular Injury: A Case Report

Purpose: We report a case of post-traumatic dislocated corneal lamellar flap with diffuse lamellar keratitis following ocular blunt injury without receiving previous refractive surgery procedure before. Methods: Retrospective case report. Results: The dislocated lamellar flap was surgically repositioned. DLK was treated with intensive steroid regimen. The best corrected visual acuity of the injured eye was 20/30 after treatment. Conclusion: DLK may be caused by blunt ocular injury even without previous refractive surgery. The proper reposition of traumatic lamellar flap could reach good outcomes.
The position of biologic therapies in the treatment of non-infectious uveitis. Part I

Klinika Oczna 2018, 120 (2) ISSN 0023-2157 Index 362646 Układ immunologiczny jest precyzyjnym systemem, w którym każdy element odgrywa istotną rolę w prawidłowej odpowiedzi. Immunoglobuliny (IG przeciwciała) są jedną z podstawowych jego cząstek. Ich zadaniem jest rozpoznanie antygenu, swoiste połączenie się z nim i wywołanie adekwatnej reakcji układu odpornościowego. Cząsteczka immunoglobuliny jest zbudowana z czterech łańcuchów – dwóch ciężkich i dwóch lekkich, które są połączone za pomocą wiązań dwusiarczkowych. W każdym z łańcuchów można wyróżnić części stałe i części zmienne. Swoistość danego przeciwciała jest zależna od części zmiennych. Zawierają one regiony hiperzmienne, które bezpośrednio łączą się z antygenem. Precyzja, z którą przeciwciała rozpoznają antygeny, skłoniła badaczy do stworzenia podobnej cząstki na potrzeby medycyPozycja leków biologicznych w leczeniu nieinfekcyjnego zapalenia błony naczyniowej. Część I
Endoscopic full-thickness resection with an over-the-scope clip device (FTRD) of colon polyp with carcinoma infiltration

A 62-year-old male patient was referred to our endoscopic centre for qualification for an endoscopic re-reseciton in 2016. The reason was suspicion of infiltrating cancer in the margins of ascending colon polyp in histopathology. The polyp had 10 mm diameter and was removed during the first colonoscopy in the other endoscopic centre. Before the control examination, the patient had additional imaging examinations, which showed the T1 stage of disease. Our endoscopic examination showed an incomplete resected polyp in the ascending colon (Figure 1 A). After marking the margins of the lesion with a tattoo, an endoscopic full-thickness resection was planned. The procedure was performed in anaesthetic analgosedation using a PCF-H190D colonoscope with Olympus Evis Exera III CV/CLV-190 tower. After the introduction of the colonoscope and localisation of the lesion, the margin was determined using the included marking probe (APC ERBE 20 W) (Figure 1 B). After mount the FTRD System® (Ovesco Endoscopy, Tübingen, Germany), a resection of the lesion was performed (Figures 1 C–E). After removing the FTRD System, the resection site was revised. The treatment went without complications. During the subsequent days of hospitalisation, no gastrointestinal bleeding or perforation symptoms were observed. The tightness of the over-the-scope clip (OTSC) in the control colonoscopy was completed, and the patient was discharged home. Because of the uncertain result of one of the margins of the obtained material, a planned right-sided hemicolectomy was performed. In the histopathological examination of the postoperative material, an inflammatory polyp with granulation was found at the location of the OTSC clip, without the presence of neoplastic infiltration. No metastases were found in the seventeen lymph nodes collected intra-operatively. In the follow-up colonoscopy, performed 6 months after the procedure, relapse was not seen in the remaining part of the colon. Surgical anastomosis was normal. Advanced endoscopic procedures such as endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or submucosal dissection (ESD) are used in the case of extensive superficial wall layers of the gastrointestinal tract [1, 2]. The above-mentioned endoscopic techniques may be difficult to perform due to high risk of perforation, and they are sometimes insufficient to achieve curative resection (R0) in the case of non-lifting signs, subepithelial tumours (SETs), advanced local fibrosis, tumours with deep infiltration, incomplete resection of the intestinal adenomas and post-resection recurrences, as well as adenomas with problematic localisation like the diverticulum or appendix [3–5]. Endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) with an OTSC device (full-thickness resection device – FTRD) can be alternative method for EMR, ESD and classical surgical procedure in selected cases [3]. In the present case FTRD was an effective and safe method in deep resection of lesions, even with carcinoma infiltration.