Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of major external structural birth defects in Kiambu County, Kenya, 2014-2018

Introduction major external structural birth defects are typical and have been associated with childhood morbidity, mortality and lifelong resource-intensive disabilities. These defects continue to occur; however, they are yet to be recognized as public health problems in Kenya. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of major external structural birth defects in Kiambu County in Kenya, 2014-2018. Methods a cross-sectional study design was adopted; a retrospective review of medical records was conducted between 2014 and 2018 abstracting 873 birth defects. Following a predetermined inclusion criterion, a five-year prevalence numerator of 362 cases was determined, whereas, a five-year prevalence denominator of 299,854 cases of registered live-births was obtained from the birth registrar. Annual prevalence estimates of 29 sub-groups and 6 groups of these defects were calculated as the number of cases (numerator) divided by the number of live-births (denominator). Associated 95% binomial exact confidence intervals were also computed and expressed per 100,000 live-births. Results defects of the musculoskeletal system, the central nervous system, orofacial, genital organs, eye and anus were observed. Defects of the musculoskeletal system were the most prevalent, ranging from 22.98 (95% CI: 11.87-40.13) to 116.9 (95% CI: 92.98-145.08) per 100,000 live-births. Defects of the central nervous system followed ranging between 13.40 (95% CI: 5.39-27.61) and 32.79 (95% CI: 20.79-49.19) per 100,000 live-births. Conclusion despite musculoskeletal system defects being the most common group, hypospadias; a defect of the male genital organ was the most prevalent among the sub-group of these defects.
Membrane Filtration of Coagulated Suspensions

The deposition of small colloids or macromolecules in membrane pores and the subsequent irreversible fouling of the membrane is considered using a simple model for membrane fouling. As a strategy for avoiding pore fouling, it is proposed that foulants capable of entering membrane pores be aggregated to produce particles that are rejected at the membrane surface. Considerations in filtering suspensions of particles on membranes are discussed with emphasis on particle transport mechanisms as a function of particle size. It is concluded that particles larger than 3 μ\Nm should not contribute significantly to membrane fouling at permeate fluxes that are currently feasible. For many membrane configurations, particles between 0.1 and 1 μ\Nm will be most likely to contribute to fouling on membrane surfaces. Batch flocculation and membrane filtration experiments were conducted to test the feasibility of manipulating flocculation conditions to control particle size and fouling. Conditions that produced particles with a zeta potential near zero minimized fouling by reducing foulant penetration into pores, increasing the porosity of the deposited cake, and increasing the transport of potential foulants away from the membrane.
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Electricity Production Due to Lockdown

We analyzed real-time measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), with total electricity production and nationwide restrictions phases in China, the United States of America, Europe, and India due to the novel coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on atmospheric CO2. A decline of 3.7% in the global energy demand at about 150 million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe) in the first quarter (Q1) of 2020 was recorded compared to Q1 2019 due to the cutback on international economic activities. Our results showed that: (1) electricity production for the same period in 2018, 2019, and 2020 shrunk at an offset of 9.20%, which resulted in a modest reduction (−1.79%) of atmospheric CO2 to the 2017–2018 CO2 level; (2) a non-seasonal, abrupt, and brief atmospheric CO2 decrease by 0.85% in mid-February 2020 could be due to Phase 1 restrictions in China. The results indicate that electricity production reduction is significant to the short-term variability of atmospheric CO2. It also highlights China’s significant contribution to atmospheric CO2, which suggests that, without the national restriction of activities, CO2 concentration is set to exceed 2019 by 1.79%. Due to the lockdown, it quickly decreased and sustained for two months. The results underscore atmospheric CO2 reductions on the monthly time scale that can be achieved if electricity production from combustible sources was slashed. The result could be useful for cost-benefit analyses on the decrease in electricity production of combustible sources and the impact of this reduction on atmospheric CO2.
The managerial role in organizational culture as perceived by management students

This paper aims at illustrating the multidimensional role of the manager and its mutual influence on organizational culture from a management students’ perspective. The main part of the text was based on own qualitative research – interviews, a questionnaire, and a narrative collage – which was conducted over a 10 year period among management students. Ninety-seven students from the Jagiellonian University and the Gdańsk University of Technology took part in the research. In order to gather, analyze and interpret the data, and to achieve reliable results, we followed the thematic analysis rules. We investigated the empirical material, provided by the management students responses to the research questions posed in the questionnaire, in the search for interesting threads, seeking a definition and an understanding of the term “manager” and the specifics of a manager’s work. We also presented several quotes from the data in accordance with the principles of data analysis in qualitative research methodology. Four different prisms were identified: gender, relational, constant learning and professional, described as the areas of managerial duties, features, and expectations. The article’s key value is the focus on students’ perception – an idealized construct of the managerial role, which states a benchmark for their own actual and prospect managerial performance. Such a perspective is very important for practice as well as for education. From a practical point of view, some management students will manage teams or organizations in the future. They should be aware of managerial duties’ elaborate character and the multiple demands on the role’s performance. They will shape the role by themselves. On the other hand, from an educational point of view, it is essential to give students some insight into their prospective role, understand the elaborate organizational relations, and the activities that appear in organizational culture that always influence management.
Bending moduli and spontaneous curvature in one-phase microemulsion systems. A molecular approach

We use a lattice-based self-consistent field (SCF) theory to model one-phase microemulsion systems composed of solvents with limited miscibility and a non-ionic emulsifier. All relevant degrees of freedom are accounted for in a mean-field description; all molecules can distribute freely over the two bulk phases, accumulate at the interface and take all possible conformations, but cooperative fluctuations of the interface are ignored. The only constraint imposed on the system is a fixed geometry of the droplets. The constraint equilibrium is based on the thermodynamics of small systems. We consider systems with equal compositions of oil, water and surfactants in lamellar, cylindrical and spherical topology. We take the Gibbs energy of these three systems to evaluate the mechanical properties of the monolayers. We show that a Helfrich-type description of the microemulsion is possible in this SCF framework. However, the predicted mechanical properties of the system are not classical. Usually it is assumed that the mean bending modulus kc and the spontaneous curvature J0 are surfactant-dependent constants. We find that kc and J0 also depend strongly on the surfactant concentration. However, neither the product kcJ0 nor the saddle-splay modulus text-decoration:overlinek depend on the composition as long as the interfaces do not interact. These results can be rationalised, as both kcJ0 and text-decoration:overlinek can be found from the lateral pressure profile of the flat, relaxed interface. Another important observation is that the Gibbs energy of the microemulsion is not exactly a quadratic function of the imposed curvature, causing kc to depend weakly on the topology of the interface.
In situ Spectroscopy of Polymers Subjected to Supercritical CO2: Plasticization and Dye Impregnation

In situ FT-IR spectroscopy has been used to study poly(methyl methacrylate) films subjected to high-pressure and supercritical CO2. Spectral changes indicate increased molecular mobility of ester groups due to the plasticization effect of CO2 on PMMA. This increase in PMMA segmental mobility has been used to impregnate Disperse Red 1 dye (DR1) into polymer film from a supercritical fluid solution. The enhanced diffusion process was observed in situ via FT-IR and UV/vis spectroscopy.
Precursor dynamics in rhodium-doped barium titanate single crystals studied by Brillouin light scattering and birefringence measurements

The dynamics of precursor polar clusters in rhodium(Rh)-doped barium titanate single crystals were examined in the paraelectric phase by Brillouin light scattering and birefringence measurements in a wide temperature range. The longitudinal acoustic (LA) mode and central peaks in the inelastic light scattering spectrum were investigated by Brillouin scattering, while the temperature dependence of the birefringence was accurately determined by means of a birefringence imaging system. In a specific temperature range above the ferroelectric phase transition temperature, the LA mode frequency exhibited a significant softening concomitant with the substantial increase in the hypersonic damping, which was attributed to the formation of polar clusters and their interactions with acoustic waves. In this temperature range where acoustic anomalies were brought about, the birefringence showed non-zero values, indicating the existence of local non-centrosymmetric regions. All these results clearly indicated that the off-centered motions of Ti ions in the oxygen octahedra in Rh-doped BaTiO3 are correlated in the paraelectric phase inducing slowing down of the precursor dynamics and anomalous birefringence, similar to pure BaTiO3 (Ko et al., Phys. Rev. B 84, 094123 (2011)). The effect of rhodium doping in BaTiO3 enhanced the first-order character of the ferroelectric phase transition.
The effect of physical activity on academic performance and mental health: Systematic review

The relationship among physical activity, academic achievement and mental health has long been theorized to be of profound importance in understanding human behavior and development. This review article aims specifically to highlight the state of existing research pertaining to the relationship between physical activity and the state of mental health. Different studies, summarized here, have found that healthy levels of physical activity generally correlate with mental health and academic achievement. In general, this review result has showed that there was a significant relationship between physical fitness level and academic achievement and higher academic achievement was associated with higher levels of physical fitness. Physical activity is a relatively cheap and non-harmful lifestyle intervention that can easily be implemented into school settings.
Facile Surfactant- and Template-Free Synthesis and Luminescent Properties of One-Dimensional Lu2O3:Eu3+ Phosphors

Uniform Lu2O3:Eu3+ nanorods and nanowires have been successfully prepared through a simple solution-based hydrothermal process followed by a subsequent calcination process without using any surfactant, catalyst, or template. On the basis of X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results, it can be assumed that the as-obtained precursors have the structure formula of Lu4O(OH)9(NO3), which is a new phase and has not been reported. The morphology of the precursors could be modulated from nanorods to nanowires with the increase of pH value using ammonia solution. The as-formed precursors could transform to cubic Lu2O3:Eu3+ with the same morphology and a slight shrinkage in size after an annealing process. Both the Lu2O3:Eu3+ nanorods and nanowires exhibit the strong red emission corresponding to the 5D0 −7F2 transition of the Eu3+ ions under UV light excitation or low-voltage electron beam excitation.
Preparation of PVDF/PMMA Blend Hollow Fiber Ultrafiltration Membranes via Wet Spinning Method

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) hollow fiber ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were prepared via wet spinning method using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as pore-foaming agent, mixture of dimethyl formamide (DMF) and dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) as solvent, and pure water as an external coagulation solution. Effects of PVDF, PVP and PMMA concentration on performance of the membrane were discussed. The surface and cross-sectional morphology, hydrophilic property, the tensile strength and elongation of the hollow fiber membrane were measured, respectively. Results indicated that the performance of the membrane is the best with a pure water flux of 124 L/m2·h and rejection rate of 73% to bovine serum albumin (BSA), when the concentration of PVDF, PMMA, PVP, DMF and DMAc are 18, 0.5, 1.5, 40 and 40 wt%, respectively.
Deep Convolutional Neural Network Compression via Coupled Tensor Decomposition

Large neural networks have aroused impressive progress in various real world applications. However, the expensive storage and computational resources requirement for running deep networks make them problematic to be deployed on mobile devices. Recently, matrix and tensor decompositions have been employed for compressing neural networks. In this paper, we develop a simultaneous tensor decomposition technique for network optimization. The shared network structure is first discussed. Sometimes, not only the structure but also the parameters are shared to form a compressed model at the expense of degraded performance. This indicates that the weight tensors between layers within one network contain both identical components and independent components. To utilize this characteristic, two new coupled tensor train decompositions are developed for fully and partly structure sharing cases, and an alternating optimization approach is proposed for low rank tensor computation. Finally, we restore the performance of the neural network model by fine-tuning. The compression ratio of the devised approach can then be calculated. Experimental results are also included to demonstrate the benefits of our algorithm for both applications of image reconstruction and classification, using the well known datasets such as Cifar-10/Cifar-100 and ImageNet and widely used networks such as ResNet. Comparing to the state-of-the-art independent matrix and tensor decomposition based methods, our model can obtain a better network performance under the same compression ratio.
Chemical Composition of Aerial Parts of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Essential Oil Growing Wild in Lebanon

Essential oil (EO) from fresh aerial parts of Rosmarinus officinalis L. growing wild in Lebanon, was analyzed by GC-MS. Altogether, twenty-seven compounds, accounting for 93.83 % of the whole oil, were identified. 1,8-cineole (32.83 %), β-caryophyllene (12.94 %), borneol (11.65 %), camphor (10.33 %), bornyl acetate (4.19 %), α-pinene (4.10 %), and α-terpineol (3.87 %) were the main components of the oil.
Determination of Arsenic and Mercury in Chinese Medicinal Herbs by Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry with Closed‐Vessel Microwave Digestion

Abstract A simple method was developed for the determination of trace arsenic and mercury in Chinese medicinal herbs. The samples were digested in closed‐Teflon vessels in a microwave oven, and followed with hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometric measurements. The experimental conditions for the digestion were carefully optimized using an orthogonal design. The accuracy of the method was validated by recovery experiments, and the analytical results for arsenic in seven medicinal herbs (Codonopsis pilosula, Radix angelicae sinensis, Aconitum carmichaeli debx, crude aconite root, giant typhonium rhizome, Rhizoma typhonii, and Radix aconiti lateralis preparata) were found to agree well with those by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP‐AES). The linear dynamic range of the calibration curve was in the range of 0.1–400 ng/mL for arsenic, and the correlation coefficient was better than 0.999. The limit of detection was 0.1 ng/mL for arsenic. For mercury, the determination was accomplished through mercury cold vapor generation in the same instrumental system. The linear dynamic range was 0.03–250 ng/mL, with a limit of detection of 0.03 ng/mL for mercury. This was a rapid, convenient, precise, and cost‐effective method.
Sistema de tipos de cambio y estrategias de salida: una reflexión en torno a los conceptos de reputación y credibilidad / Exchange rates system and exit strategies: a reflection on the concepts of reputation and credibility

Nowdays, a mayor part of the Currency Boards (CB) system tries to stabilize the inflation of the economy. In this sense, the credibility of the policies reflects not only the aspects of policymakers but also the economic fundamentals. The reputation of the government can increase according to the cost of being in a fixed system but the credibility of its policy can decrease for the same reason. The paper describes the main facts concerning the choice of the exchange rate as well as the consequences that the election can imply. Secondly, various models that have analysed the cost of leaving a fixed system (CB) are reviewed, emphasizing in the duality: reputation and credibility. Even though we have not shown, for space and time reason, the empirical evidence, we have used the experience of Argentina on this subject as a reference. Brazilian Journals of Business Braz. J. of Bus. , Curitiba, v. 2, n. 4, p. 3575-3601out. /dez. 2020. ISSN 2596-1934 3576
Unusual Designated-Tailoring on Zone-Axis Preferential Growth of Surfactant-Free ZnO Mesocrystals

An unusual designated-tailoring on zone-axis preferential growth of surfactant-free ZnO mesocrystals with different features (shapes and sizes) was successfully achieved via an additive-free complex-precursor solution method. The formation of ZnO mesocrystals here is essentially determined by the characteristic of [Zn(OH)4]2– precursors, and an oriented nanoparicle aggregation with tailoring sizes and shapes can occur in different concentration of reactants at higher reaction temperature. Spindle-like ZnO mesocrystals with tunable sizes (along the c-axis direction) were synthesized by adjusting the concentration of hydroxyl ions, and peanut-like ZnO mesocrystals with controllable sizes (along the c-axis direction) and shapes (perpendicular c-axis direction) were prepared by tailoring the concentration of zinc ions. Structural and morphological evolutions were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and field.
Towards a Greater Understanding of Turbulent Skin-Friction Reduction

Measurements have been made in a turbulent boundary layer modified by flow aligned vertical (sub-boundary layer) elements. Comparisons between the coherent structure (near-wall and outer-layer region) for both modified and canonical cases have been conducted in order to better understand the mechanism of skin friction reduction. Thus far we can report a modified near-wall convection velocity obeying inner scaling and a reduced spread of correlated events away from the wall. The outer-layer appears to be characterised by large-scale arch-like structures which produce a velocity field consistent with the heads of lifted near-wall horseshoe vortices. The modified case shows reduced convection velocity, increased frequency of occurrence and increased entrainment for this type of outer-layer event.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
General Design Technique for High-Gain Traveling-Wave Endfire Antennas Using Periodic Arbitrary-Phase Loading Technique

This article proposes a general design technique for high-gain traveling-wave endfire antennas using a periodic arbitrary-phase loading technique. This work extends the periodic phase-reversal techniques reported in previous work to application scenarios where phase reversals are difficult to realize (e.g., single-layer circuits). It also relaxes the substrate permittivity requirement in phase-reversal techniques. To verify the proposed technique and theory, two design examples using different phases other than $\pi $ are provided. Double-side parallel stripline and coplanar stripline are employed to provide vertical and horizontal polarizations, respectively. Double-side parallel stripline antenna achieves a maximum endfire gain of 15.6 dBi with vertical polarization. The coplanar-stripline antenna exhibits a maximum endfire gain of 16.6 dBi with horizontal polarization. The experimental results of these two examples validate the proposed technique.
DEGLUDEC INSULIN IN TYPE 1 DIABETIC PATIENTS: 18 MONTHS OF OBSERVATION

In the treatment of diabetes, longer-acting insulins with lower rates of hypoglycemia are sought. Objective: Use of ultralong-acting insulin analog Degludec in type 1 diabetic patients (T1D) previously treated with insulin Glargine U-100. Patients and method: 230 T1D patients were observed during 18 months, average of age 34 years and of diagnosis 14 years, registering clinical, biochemical, hypoglycemic events and insulin requirements (U/kg weight). All in basal - bolus regimen, with insulin Degludec and insulin ultra-fast pre-meals. Degludec adjusted fortnightly. Results: At 3 months, the fasting glycemia decreased from 253 mg/dl (243-270) to 180 mg/dl (172 - 240) (p<0.05); at 6 months at 156 mg/dl (137-180) (p<0.05); at 12 months al 151 mg/dl (50-328) (p<0.001) and at 18 months 150 mg/dl (50-321) (p<0.001). HbA1c, initially of 10.6% (10.3-12.2), decreased after 3 months to 8.7% (8.2-11.1) (p<0.05) to 6 months 8.3% (8.0-9.6) (p<0.05) to 12 months 9,0% (5.9-14.5) (p<0.001), to 18 months 9.0% (5.9-14.6) (p<0.001). The dose of Degludec was 0.5 U/kg weight al 18 months. The hypoglycemias were: at 3 months 14 milds, 4 moderate, 1 severe; at 6 months 8 mild, 2 moderate and none serious; at 12 months 1 mild, and at 18 months did not present hypoglycemic events. Conclusion: Degludec in T1D showed to reduce fasting glycemia and HbA1c, and lower number of hypoglycemia in the follow up.
Online Station Assignment for Electric Vehicle Battery Swapping

This paper investigates the online station assignment for (commercial) electric vehicles (EVs) that request battery swapping from a central operator, i.e., in the absence of future information a battery swapping service station has to be assigned instantly to each EV upon its request. Based on EVs’ locations, the availability of fully-charged batteries at service stations in the system, as well as traffic conditions, the assignment aims to minimize cost to EVs and congestion at service stations. Inspired by a polynomial-time offline solution via a bipartite matching approach, we develop an efficient and implementable online station assignment algorithm that provably achieves the tight (optimal) competitive ratio under mild conditions. Monte Carlo experiments on a real transportation network by Baidu Maps show that our algorithm performs reasonably well on realistic inputs, even with a certain amount of estimation error in parameters.