Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inferring Effective Population Size and Divergence Time in the Lithuanian Population According to High-Density Genotyping Data

The prehistory of the Lithuanian population and genetic relationship to other populations are poorly studied. Thus, the Lithuanian population, as an object of study, is interesting due to its partial isolation with genetic distinctiveness within the European context and with preserved ancient genetic composition. The main objects of this study was to infer demographic parameters, effective population size (Ne), and divergence time using high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping data generated with the Illumina HumanOmmiExpress-12v1.1 array in 295 individuals from the Lithuanian population and to compare our data with other populations from the Human Genome Cell Line Diversity Panel (HGDP-CEPH). We also aimed to reconstruct past events between the main ethnolinguistic regions—Aukštaitija and Žemaitija of Lithuania. Historically, these regions probably developed as two independent Baltic tribes. Our results of Ne in the Lithuanian population through time demonstrated a substantial reduction of Ne over the 150,000–25,000 years before present (YBP). The estimated long-term Ne of the Lithuanian population is quite low—it equals 5404, which likely is a consequence of the bottlenecks associated with the last glacial period of 25,000–12,000 YBP in Europe. The obtained divergence time estimates between the study populations are in agreement with recent studies. The reconstructed past events in Aukštaitija and Žemaitija showed significant differences between these two regions of Lithuania.
Adolescent traumatic brain injuries: Onset, mechanism and links with current academic performance and physical injuries

Background Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in adolescence are associated with adverse outcomes, but whether the timing of the onset of TBIs leads to greater deficits has not been determined. We evaluate the relationship between the first and most recent TBI, and current academic performance and medically treated physical injuries. Methods Data were derived from the 2015 Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey (OSDUHS) administered to adolescents in grades 7 to 12 (ages 12 to 18). TBI was defined as a head injury that resulted in loss of conscious for at least five minutes or at least one overnight hospitalization. Results One in five students reported having had a history of TBI in their lifetime and were more prevalent in males. Odds ratios were 2 times higher for males to have had their first (or only) and most recent TBI in grades 5 to 8, compared to females. Sports-related TBIs accounted for 41.1% of all TBIs. Hockey related TBIs were more frequent compared to soccer related TBIs. Reports of history of TBI was associated with lower academic performance and more physical injuries. First or only TBI occurring in grades 9–12 (occurring on average between 14 to 19 years of age) had higher significant odds of poorer academic performance than TBIs occurring in earlier grades (younger ages than 14 years old). Students who reported more visits for medical treatment of physical injuries in the past year had higher odds to report a history of TBIs in higher school grades. Conclusions Adverse physical and academic outcomes among young TBI survivors are associated with the onset and frequency of history of lifetime TBI. Prevention efforts to minimize TBIs during youth is critical.
Sleep disturbance mediates the association of adverse childhood experiences with mental health symptoms and functional impairment in US soldiers

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can have long‐term impacts on a person's mental health, which extend into adulthood. There is a high prevalence of ACEs among service members. Further, service members also report frequently experiencing disrupted sleep. We hypothesized that disrupted sleep may serve a mechanistic function connecting ACEs to functional impairment and poorer mental health. In a cross‐sectional sample (n = 759), we found evidence for an indirect effect of ACEs on mental health outcomes through disrupted sleep. In a different sample using two time‐points (n = 410), we found evidence for an indirect effect of ACEs on changes in mental health outcomes and functional impairment during a reset period, through changes in disrupted sleep during the same period. Implications, limitations and future research directions are discussed.
The Role of Healthcare Worker-Mediated Contact Networks in the Transmission of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci

Abstract Background User- and time-stamped data from hospital electronic health records (EHRs) present opportunities to evaluate how healthcare worker (HCW)-mediated contact networks impact transmission of multidrug-resistant pathogens, such as vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Methods This is a retrospective analysis of incident acquisitions of VRE between July 1, 2016 and June 30, 2018. Clinical and demographic patient data were extracted from the hospital EHR system, including all recorded HCW contacts with patients. Contacts by an HCW with 2 different patients within 1 hour was considered a “connection”. Incident VRE acquisition was determined by positive clinical or surveillance cultures collected ≥72 hours after a negative surveillance culture. Results There were 2952 hospitalizations by 2364 patients who had ≥2 VRE surveillance swabs, 112 (4.7%) patients of which had incident nosocomial acquisitions. Patients had a median of 24 (interquartile range [IQR], 18–33) recorded HCW contacts per day, 9 (IQR, 5–16) of which, or approximately 40%, were connections that occurred <1 hour after another patient contact. Patients that acquired VRE had a higher average number of daily connections to VRE-positive patients (3.1 [standard deviation {SD}, 2.4] versus 2.0 [SD, 2.1]). Controlling for other risk factors, connection to a VRE-positive patient was associated with increased odds of acquiring VRE (odds ratio, 1.64; 95% confidence interval, 1.39–1.92). Conclusions We demonstrated that EHR data can be used to quantify the impact of HCW-mediated patient connections on transmission of VRE in the hospital. Defining incident acquisition risk of multidrug-resistant organisms through HCWs connections from EHR data in real-time may aid implementation and evaluation of interventions to contain their spread.
KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS TUMBUHAN OBAT TRADISIONAL DAN PEMANFAATANNYA PADA SUKU KULAWI DI DESA MATAUE KAWASAN TAMAN NASIONAL LORE LINDU

Ethnobotany is the study of medicinal plants of plant utilization in both everyday and cultural mores of a nation. The objective of this research was to identified the diversity of traditional medical plant and its utilization in kulawi local people at Mataue village Lore Lindu National Park. The research was conducted during April to May 2014 at Kulawi Sub-district of Sigi Regency Central Sulawesi. Identification process had been done at Biodiversity Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tadulako University. Methods which used on this study were survey and descriptive, consists of field survey and semi structural interview based on questionnaire. Outcome of the research showed that there were 49 plant species covered from 30 families which were traditionally used as medicine. Leaves organ was the most widely applied as medicine with 58% percentage, habitus type which highly found was herbaceous type with 51% percentage, and the most treated disease by the traditional medicine was non-communicable disease as much as 36%. Key words :Ethno botany, Medical Plant, Kulawi Local People.
Complex PTSD among treatment-seeking veterans with PTSD

ABSTRACT Background: In the ICD-11 hierarchical classification structure, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) are separate and distinct but also ‘sibling’ disorders, meaning that the diagnoses follow from the parent category of traumatic stress disorders. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of CPTSD in treatment-seeking war veterans with PTSD more than 20 years after the exposure to cumulative war-related trauma(s). The second aim was to examine if there was an association between demographic and psychosocial variables and CPTSD or PTSD. Method: A sample of 160 male war veterans with PTSD referred to the outpatient service of the PTSD Referral Centre at the Clinical Hospital Centre (CHC) Rijeka participated in a cross-sectional study. Psychiatric comorbidity was assessed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and participants completed validated self-report measures: The Life Events Checklist for DSM-5 (LEC-5), International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ). Results: In total, 80.63% of the sample met criteria for a probable diagnosis of CPTSD. The study revealed that there was no significant difference in the length of deployment, in the intensity of the PTSD symptoms, types of trauma exposure and pharmacotherapeutic treatment between PTSD and CPTSD group. It was found that veterans with PTSD were more likely to be divorced and to participate in PTSD clubs. On the other hand, veterans with CPTSD were significantly more likely to have higher levels of functional impairment and comorbidity with general anxiety disorder (GAD) compared to the PTSD group. Conclusions: This study supports the proposition that a prolonged trauma of severe interpersonal intensity such as war is related to high rates of CPTSD among treatment-seeking veterans, years after the war. The distinction between PTSD and complex PTSD may help the selection of person-centred treatment interventions that would target specific mental health and functional problems in patients.
Complete Genome Sequence of Gordonia sp. Strain JH63, Isolated from Human Skin

We isolated Gordonia sp. strain JH63, which has steroid-degrading abilities, from human skin. The complete genome sequence showed that this strain possesses a 5,175,911-bp chromosome and a 162,832-bp plasmid with 4,525 and 159 coding sequences, respectively. ABSTRACT We isolated Gordonia sp. strain JH63, which has steroid-degrading abilities, from human skin. The complete genome sequence showed that this strain possesses a 5,175,911-bp chromosome and a 162,832-bp plasmid with 4,525 and 159 coding sequences, respectively.
NEW HEALTH SYSTEMS: Integrated Care and Equity

Health inequalities are a growing concern, fueled by developments, real or perceived, of health systems in the world. It is therefore to understand the dynamics that drive health systems, to provide fair architectures and to compare different programs of integrated care that are proposed. If the persistence of health inequalities is well established, it does not receive a satisfactory explanation provided. The strongly hierarchical societies are deteriorating life expectancy. The most frequently cited mechanism is a stress factor; others emphasize advances in life expectancy in the world. The managements of health risks follow a progressive development, while the habits of the poor lead to consumption introducing many delays. These rules of life also manage health issues. The ethics of integrated care improves coordination. The expression of medical ethics based on equity is old, as well as the good cooperation of concerns in the health system. The integrated care is the basis of contemporary developments normative frameworks of health systems. The pitfalls encountered are from old definitions of specific areas for social support, the pharmaceutical therapeutic intervention, and finally behavior. Additional focus on quality and risk analysis, integrated care can improve the performance of global health, and combine universal coverage, equity and quality of care.
Studies of antihypertensive drug persistence and adherence in the Glasgow Blood Pressure Clinic

Hypertension (HTN) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases including stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD), chronic renal failure, peripheral vascular disease, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure and premature death. The prevalence of HTN in Scotland is very high and although a high proportion of the patients receive antihypertensive medications, blood pressure (BP) control is very low. Recommendations for starting a specific antihypertensive class have been debated between various guidelines over the years. Some guidelines and HTN studies have preferred to start with a combination of an antihypertensive class instead of using a single therapy, and they have found greater BP reductions with combination therapies than with monotherapy. However, it has been shown in several clinical trials that 20% to 35% of hypertensive patients could not achieve the target BP, even though they received more than three antihypertensive medications. Several factors were found to affect BP control. Adherence and persistence were considered as the factors contributing the most to uncontrolled hypertension. Other factors such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), alcohol intake, baseline systolic BP (SBP), and the communication between physicians and patients have been shown to be associated with uncontrolled BP and resistant hypertension. Persistence, adherence and compliance are interchangeable terms and have been used in the literature to describe a patient’s behaviour with their antihypertensive drugs and prescriptions. The methods used to determine persistence and adherence, as well as the inclusion and exclusion criteria, vary between persistence and adherence studies. The prevalence of persistence and adherence have varied between these studies, and were determined to be high in some studies and low in others. The initiation of a specific antihypertensive class has frequently been associated with an increase or decrease in adherence and persistence. The tolerability and efficacy of the initial antihypertensive class have been the most common methods of explaining this association. There are also many factors that suggest a relationship with adherence and persistence. Some factors in previous studies, such as age, were frequently associated with adherence and persistence. On the other hand, relationships with certain factors have varied between the studies. The associations of age, sex, alcohol use,
Impairment and restoration of the blood-nerve barrier and its correlation with pain following gradual nerve elongation of the rat sciatic nerve

Abstract Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the time course of impairment and restoration of the blood-nerve barrier (BNB) following gradual elongation of the sciatic nerve and to clarify its association with nociception. Materials and Methods: The right femur was lengthened at a rate of 1.5 mm/day for 10 days. Von Frey tests were performed until 50 days after lengthening. Compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) were measured to assess gross dysfunction of the elongated nerve. Evans blue-albumin tracing and immunohistochemistry for endothelial barrier antigen (EBA), rat endothelial cell antigen-1 (RECA-1), and CD68 for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the BNB and macrophage infiltration were performed for up to 50 days after cessation of lengthening in three segments of the sciatic nerves. Results: Paw-withdrawal threshold was significantly decreased at 7 days from initiation and began to recover from day 25 after lengthening. CMAPs showed delayed latency and attenuated amplitude but recovered at day 30 after cessation. On days 10 and 30 after cessation, spotted leakage of Evans blue-albumin in the endoneurium was observed, and the ratio of EBA/RECA-1-positive microvessels was significantly decreased, which subsequently recovered simultaneously in all segments on day 50 after cessation. Macrophages did not infiltrate the BNB at any time point. Conclusion: The restoration of BNB function following gradual nerve elongation was associated with the resolution of mechanical allodynia. Our findings provide insight into the association between nerve stretch injury and chronic nociception in adult male rats, which are potentially relevant to human orthopedic procedures and chronic neuropathic pain.
Proteomic Analysis of the Early Development of the Phalaenopsis amabilis Flower Bud under Low Temperature Induction Using the iTRAQ/MRM Approach

Phalaenopsis amabilis, one of the most important plants in the international flower market due to its graceful shape and colorful flowers, is an orchid that undergoes vernalization and requires low-temperature treatment for flowering. There have been few reports on the proteomics of the development of flower buds. In this study, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) were used to identify 5064 differentially expressed proteins in P. amabilis under low-temperature treatment; of these, 42 were associated with early floral induction, and 18 were verified by mass spectrometry multi-reaction monitoring (MRM). The data are available via ProteomeXchange under identifier PXD013908. Among the proteins associated with the vernalization pathway, PEQU_11434 (glycine-rich RNA-binding protein GRP1A-like) and PEQU_19304 (FT, VRN3 homolog) were verified by MRM, and some other important proteins related to vernalization and photoperiod pathway that were detected by iTRAQ but not successfully verified by MRM, such as PEQU_11045 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine diphosphorylase), phytochromes A (PEQU_13449, PEQU_35378), B (PEQU_09249), and C (PEQU_41401). Our data revealed a regulation network of the early development of flower buds in P. amabilis under low temperature induction.
Relationship Between Multiple Measures of Financial Hardship and Glycemic Control in Older Adults With Diabetes

Aim: To examine the relationship between multiple measures of financial hardship and glycemic control in older adults with diabetes. Methods: Using data from Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we investigated four measures of financial hardship: difficulty paying bills, ongoing financial strain, decreasing food intake due to money, and taking less medication due to cost. Using linear regression models, we investigated the relationship between each measure, and a cumulative score of hardships per person, on glycemic control (HbA1c). Results: After adjustment, a significant relationship existed with each increasing number of hardships associated with increasing HbA1c (0.09, [95%CI 0.04, 0.14]). Difficulty paying bills (0.25, [95%CI 0.14, 0.35]) and decreased medication usage due to cost (0.17, [95%CI 0.03, 0.31]) remained significantly associated with HbA1c. Conclusion: In older adults, difficulty paying bills and cost-related medication nonadherence is associated with glycemic control, and every additional financial hardship was associated with an increased HbA1c by nearly 0.1%.
Transcriptomic Analysis Following Artificial Selection for Grasshopper Size

We analyzed the transcriptomes of Romalea microptera grasshoppers after 8 years of artificial selection for either long or short thoraces. Evolution proceeded rapidly during the experiment, with a 13.3% increase and a 32.2% decrease in mean pronotum lengths (sexes combined) in the up- and down-selected colonies, respectively, after only 11 generations. At least 16 additional traits also diverged between the two colonies during the selection experiment. Transcriptomic analysis identified 693 differentially expressed genes, with 386 upregulated and 307 downregulated (55.7% vs. 44.3%), including cellular process, metabolic process, binding, general function prediction only, and signal transduction mechanisms. Many of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are known to influence animal body size.
Ultrasound imaging to assess skeletal muscle architecture during movements: A systematic review of methods, reliability, and challenges.

BACKGROUND B-mode ultrasound is often used to quantify muscle architecture during movements. OBJECTIVES 1) Systematically review the reliability of fascicle length (FL) and pennation angles (PA) measured using ultrasound during movements involving voluntary contractions, 2) systematically review the methods used in studies reporting reliability, discuss associated challenges, and provide recommendations to improve the reliability and validity of dynamic ultrasound measurements, 3) provide an overview of computational approaches for quantifying fascicle architecture, their validity, agreement with manual quantification of fascicle architecture, and advantages and drawbacks. METHODS Three databases were searched until June 2019. Studies among healthy human individuals aged 17-85 years that investigated the reliability of FL or PA in lower extremity muscles during isoinertial movements and written in English were included. RESULTS Thirty studies (n=340 participants) were included for reliability analyses. Between-session reliability as measured by coefficient of multiple correlations (CMC) and coefficient of variation (CV) was FL CMC: 0.89-0.96; CV: 8.3%, and PA CMC: 0.87-0.90; CV: 4.5-9.6%. Within-session reliability was FL CMC: 0.82-0.99; CV: 0.0-6.7%, and PA CMC: 0.91; CV: 0.0-15.0%. Manual analysis reliability was FL CMC: 0.89-0.96; CV: 0.0-15.9%; PA CMC: 0.84-0.90; CV: 2.0-9.8%. Computational analysis FL CMC was 0.82-0.99 and PA CV was 14.0-15.0%. Eighteen computational approaches were identified and these generally showed high agreement with manual analysis and high validity compared to phantoms or synthetic images. CONCLUSIONS B-mode ultrasound is a reliable method to quantify fascicle architecture during movement. Additionally, computational approaches can provide a reliable and valid estimation of fascicle architecture.
Prevalence of HBsAg Amongst Healthy Children in Eastern Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Context: Infections caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) pose a major challenge to the public health and also results in high mortality and morbidity rates in different parts of the world, especially in children. This study performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies conducted during the years 2000-16 to clarify the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in children and adolescents younger than 16 years of age in EMRO and Middle Eastern (E and M) countries. Evidence Acquisition: Scientific databases including PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Persian databases were searched for relevant articles published from January 1, 2000 to October 31, 2016. Based on the results of homogeneity tests (a significant homogeneity test and a large I2 value) a random effects model was used to aggregate the collected data and calculate the pooled prevalence estimates. Results: We included 20 articles in our meta-analysis. The pooled HBsAg prevalence in children of E and M countries was 2.73% (95% CI: %1.73% 3.72%). The prevalence rates in the EMRO and Middle Eastern countries were 1.85% (95% CI: 1.27% 2.43%) and 2.66% (95% CI: 1.31% 4.01%), respectively. The prevalence rates amongst children in nations considered in more than one study were 0.81% (95% CI: 0% 1.74%) in Iran, 2.64% (95% CI: 1.63% 3.64%) in Pakistan, and 5.83% (95% CI: 2.99% 8.67%) in Turkey. Conclusions: Based on the world health organization classification of HBV prevalence, intermediate HBsAg prevalence rates were detected in children of E and M countries during 2000 2016. Nevertheless, the prevalence rates were low in several included countries in mentioned regions.