Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mastite caprina: seus agentes e sensibilidade frente a antimicrobianos

Examinaram-se 124 amostras de leite de cabras das racas Saanen, Parda Alpina e Toggenburg com mastite subclinica,diagnosticada pelo teste “California Mastitis Test” (CMT), escore 3+. Realizaram-se cultivos bacteriologicos em meios de agarsanguee MacConkey, sendo que os microrganismos isolados foram identificados por esfregacos corados pelo metodo deGram e provas taxonomicas. Em seguida, submetidos ao teste de sensibilidade bacteriana in vitro. Isolou-se um total de 140microrganismos em cultura pura e em associacao, distribuidos da seguinte maneira: Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 70;50,0%), Streptococcus agalactiae (n = 19; 13,6%), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 16; 11,4%), Corynebacterium bovis (n = 12;8,6%), Candida albicans (n = 7; 5,0%), Bacillus spp (n = 7; 5,0%), Pasteurella multocida (n = 5; 3,6%), Escherichia coli (n = 2;1,4%), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (n = 2; 1,4%). No teste de sensibilidade in vitro aos antimicrobianos observou-se queStaphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae e Corynebacterium bovis, foram osmicrorganismos isolados com maior frequencia, sendo a oxacilina e gentamicina as drogas de melhor eficacia.
Feeding of the Chaetognath Sagitta elegans Verrill

Abstract Gut contents of a total of 11 776 specimens of Sagitta elegans sampled monthly in the Irish Sea during 12 h at day and at night from February 1986 to October 1987 were analysed. Copepods were the main prey items in the diet. The Common and abundant calanoid copepods in the area Pseudocalanus elongatus, Oithona spp. , Acartia clausi , and Temora longicornis were the main constituents in the diet. Calanus an abundant and ubiquitous copepod for the area, however, was preyed upon to a relatively smaller extent. In March 1987, cirripede larvae comprised up to 68% of the diet while tintinnids and dinoflagellates were mainly consumed in April 1986 (28·4%) and April 1987 (13%). Highest intrageneric predation ('cannibalism') was recorded in February 1986, when 10% of the diet consisted of Sagitta spp. Consumption of fish larvae was low and was mainly recorded at times of Clupea harengus spawning. Percentage of animals with gut contents was higher at night, and the daily feeding rate (FR) for this species ranged between 0·75 and 3·55 prey day -1 during the study period.
The Evolutionary Ecology of Seed Heteromorphism

I develop a model of the ecology and evolution of seed heteromorphism. Heteromorphism is promoted over monomorphism by low correlation of the demographic success of the different morphs and high temporal variation in seed success. Available experimental data from two heteromorphic-seeded species satisfy the model conditions for heteromorphism and produce morph proportions similar to those predicted. Seed heteromorphism can arise when the evolution of morph behavior is constrained by a single concave fitness set or when different seeds on the same individual plant are constrained by different convex fitness sets. The fitness sets represent constraints on demographic success in different year types (trade-offs resulting from constraints in design, development, physiology, or genetics). Two kinds of heteromorphism may arise when the constraints differ for different seeds on the same plant. Whether a high-risk-low-risk heteromorphism or high-risk-high-risk heteromorphism evolves depends on the similarity of the evolutionary constraints. I evaluate the different evolutionary scenarios developed here in light of what is known about the natural history of seed heteromorphism.
Performance Enhancement for Inductive Coupling Wireless Power Transfer

: This study focuses on enhancing WPT efficiency by optimizing the physical parameters of the system. The overall efficiency in wireless power transfer is dominated by the transmitter and receiver coil parameters. This study investigates the effect of coil parameters on system performance. The coupling coefficient between the transmitter and the receiver coils is the main characteristic of the inductive coupling link that defines power transfer efficiency between both coils. System physical parameters determine the coupling coefficient such as distance between coils, coils inner and outer diameter, wire thickness and inductance. These parameters are connected to each other by non-linear relationships and there is no closed-form that relates these parameters. To enhance power transfer efficiency, tradeoffs should be done among the ranges of those parameters. Physical coils parameters are investigated using the finite element analysis method with a parametric 3D-model. The goal is to define the best conditions and ranges for the design parameters and deduce guidelines for designers to enhance power transfer efficiency.
Physiological levels of β-amyloid induce cerebral vessel dysfunction and reduce endothelial nitric oxide production

Abstract β-amyloid (Aβ), the major component of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD), normally circulates in the blood at nanomolar levels but is elevated in AD. Previous studies have found that high concentrations (10-5 -10-4 M) of Aβ result in neuronal cell death. Here we show that physiological levels of soluble Aβ can induce dysfunction in perfused rat cerebral vessels and in cultured endothelial cells. At concentrations of 10-9 -10-6 M, Aβ induced a significant concentration-dependent reduction of NO production in endothelial cells. At 10-8 M, Aβ significantly decreased the sensitivity of cerebral vessels to acetylcholine (ACh), an endothelium dependent vasodilator. At 10-7 M and higher concentrations, Aβ significantly reduced the maximum response of vessels to ACh, and induced significant endothelial cell death. Aβ (10-9 -10-5 M) did not cause any detectable change in nitric oxide synthase levels. The results suggest that a modest increase in the concentration of Aβ above its normal physiological level in the circulation, as found in the early stages of AD, results in decreased NO production and vessel sensitivity to endothelium-dependent vasodilation that could lead to constricted blood vessels and ischemia in the surrounding tissue. Further increases in Aβ concentration, which may occur in the later stages of AD, result in cell death and decreased maximum vasodilator response of cerebral vessels. [Neurol Res 2001; 23: 506-512]
The nature of the fluid boundary layer and the selection of parameters for benthic ecology: reply to Lamouroux

SUMMARY 1 The near bed flow equations and definitions given originally by Carling (1992) are reviewed and are shown to be correct and unambiguous. The theoretical assumptions inate in deriving the governing equations are violated in non-uniform, unsteady flow, such as occurs in shallow flow over rough beds, but in practice results obtained from log-law models are often not significantly different from those derived from functions purporting to represent large-scale roughness. This point was made carefully in the original paper. 2 More complex approaches now exist for modelling gradually varying, slightly non-uniform flow which are modifications of uniform flow models. These are not readily applicable to field data commonly available to ecologists, however, and generally give little additional insight. Advances are only likely to be made when turbulent flow structure is better understood.
IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA ANTIMIKROBA ALAMI PANGAN PADA EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH NAGA MERAH DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN GC-MS [Identification of Food Natural Antimicrobe Compound from Red Dragon Fruit Peel Extract by GC-MS]

The red dragon fruit is a popular fruit in Indonesia. The leather of red dragon fruit was not used optimally. The other case, the peel of red dragon fruit have a natural antimicrobe potency. This research have aim to eksplore the leather of red dragon fruit as an antimicrobe with used GC-MS. The result of research showed that content of the peel of red dragon fruit was dominated by ascorbic acid, oleic acid, decanoat, phenol and ester compound, that had an antimcrobe potency. The aplication of the peel of red dragon fruit on Tongkol fish that was contaminated with E coli, showed that, there is a decrease of E coli as much as 1.47 x 109 koloni/g, significantly. The conclusion of research was the peel of red dragon fruit have a natural antimicrobe potency.
Initiation and morphological development of somatic embryoids from barley cell cultures

Somatic embryogenesis was induced in callus previously initiated from immature embryos of barley. These cultures ranged in age from 6 weeks to 30 months. Embryoids were readily initiated from homogenized suspension-grown aggregates when plated on modified B5 media with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Low concentrations (0.1 and 0.05 mg∙L−1) of abscisic acid promoted further maturation of embryoids, while gibberellic acid (1 mg∙L−1) and kinetin (0.1 mg∙L−1) were used in the media to encourage embryoid germination. The development of somatic embryoids from initiation through maturation and germination is described.
A simple geometric proof for the benefit of depth in ReLU networks

We present a simple proof for the benefit of depth in multi-layer feedforward network with rectified activation ("depth separation"). Specifically we present a sequence of classification problems indexed by $m$ such that (a) for any fixed depth rectified network there exist an $m$ above which classifying problem $m$ correctly requires exponential number of parameters (in $m$); and (b) for any problem in the sequence, we present a concrete neural network with linear depth (in $m$) and small constant width ($\leq 4$) that classifies the problem with zero error. The constructive proof is based on geometric arguments and a space folding construction. While stronger bounds and results exist, our proof uses substantially simpler tools and techniques, and should be accessible to undergraduate students in computer science and people with similar backgrounds.
Corn Response to Rye Cover Crop Management and Spring Tillage Systems

The use of a winter rye (Secale cereale L.) corn (Zea mays L.) doable cropping sequence in combination with appropriate tillage practices could increase biomass production and reduce soil erosion potential in southern Ontario. A 3-yr study (1982–1984) was conducted at two locations to determine the potential of this sequence for double cropping, and to evaluate spring tillage systems and management of the rye residue on subsequent productivity of corn. Winter rye was planted in early October after corn silage harvest, and either chemically killed or harvested as silage in the spring before corn planting. Rye treatments consisted of no rye, rye harvested in the spring and rye residue left on the plots. Spring cultivation treatments were no-till, tandem discing, and mold board plowing followed by secondary tillage. The use of a winter rye cover crop delayed corn development and reduced corn biomass yield by 11% at the Elora location and by 17% at the Woodstock location. The adverse effect of the rye crop was more pronounced under no-till than where the soil was tilled. Removal or retention of the rye residue had no consistent effect on the subsequent corn crop. An allelopathic effect resulting from the rye crop may be one plausible explanation for the reduction in corn yield. Total biomass yield (rye + corn) was increased relative to corn alone, if the soil was cultivated. Therefore, a winter rye-corn sequence may still be of interest, despite a reduction in corn yield, especially if advantages such as total biomass production and the potential for decreased soil erosion during fall and winter are considered. Research supported by Agriculture Canada (ERDAF).
Relative importance of Na+ and Cl– in NaCl‐induced antioxidant systems in roots of rice seedlings

The present study examined the response of antioxidant systems to NaCl stress and the relative importance of Na + and Cl - in NaCl-induced antioxidant systems in roots of rice seedlings. NaCl treatment caused an increase in the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) in roots of rice seedlings, but had no effect on the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). There were detectable differences in APX and GR isoenzymes between control and NaCl-treated roots. Levels of activity for SOD and CAT isoenzymes did not change in NaCl-stressed roots compared with the control roots. NaCl treatment produced an increase in H 2 O 2 , ascorbate (AsA), dehydro-ascorbate (DHA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels. Treatment with 50 mM Na-gluconate (whose anion is not permeable to membrane) led to a similar Na + level in roots to that with 100 mM NaCl. It was found that treatment with 50 mM Na-gluconate affected H 2 O 2 , AsA, and DHA levels, APX and GR activities, OsAPX and OsGR mRNA induction in the same way as 100 mM NaCl. These observed changes seem to be mediated by Na + toxicity and not by Cl - toxicity. On the other hand, it was found that NaCl, but not Na-gluconate and NaNO 3 , caused an increase in GSH and GSSG levels, indicating that Cl - , rather than Na + , is responsible for the NaCl-increased GSH and GSSG levels in roots of rice seedlings.
Air temperature triggers the recovery of evergreen boreal forest photosynthesis in spring

The timing of the commencement of photosynthesis (P*) in spring is an important determinant of growing‐season length and thus of the productivity of boreal forests. Although controlled experiments have shed light on environmental mechanisms triggering release from photoinhibition after winter, quantitative research for trees growing naturally in the field is scarce. In this study, we investigated the environmental cues initiating the spring recovery of boreal coniferous forest ecosystems under field conditions. We used meteorological data and above‐canopy eddy covariance measurements of the net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) from five field stations located in northern and southern Finland, northern and southern Sweden, and central Siberia. The within‐ and intersite variability for P* was large, 30–60 days. Of the different climate variables examined, air temperature emerged as the best predictor for P* in spring. We also found that ‘soil thaw’, defined as the time when near‐surface soil temperature rapidly increases above 0°C, is not a useful criterion for P*. In one case, photosynthesis commenced 1.5 months before soil temperatures increased significantly above 0°C. At most sites, we were able to determine a threshold for air‐temperature‐related variables, the exceeding of which was required for P*. A 5‐day running‐average temperature (T5) produced the best predictions, but a developmental‐stage model (S) utilizing a modified temperature sum concept also worked well. But for both T5 and S, the threshold values varied from site to site, perhaps reflecting genetic differences among the stands or climate‐induced differences in the physiological state of trees in late winter/early spring. Only at the warmest site, in southern Sweden, could we obtain no threshold values for T5 or S that could predict P* reliably. This suggests that although air temperature appears to be a good predictor for P* at high latitudes, there may be no unifying ecophysiological relationship applicable across the entire boreal zone.
Prise en charge anesthésique des thrombectomies mécaniques en neuroradiologie interventionnelle : enquête nationale de pratiques

Objectifs : la thrombectomie mecanique tient une place preponderante dans le traitement des infarctus cerebraux. Elle peut etre realisee sous anesthesie generale, sedation consciente ou anesthesie locale. La litterature evaluant l’impact des agents anesthesiques sur le pronostic fonctionnel des patients apres thrombectomie retrouve des resultats contradictoires. Actuellement, aucune recommandation ne peut etre etablie. L’objectif de ce travail est la realisation d’un etat des lieux des pratiques anesthesiques en France, au cours des thrombectomies mecaniques. Materiel et methodes : il s’agit d’une enquete de pratiques realisee entre novembre 2018 et juin 2019 a l’aide d’un questionnaire, aupres des 37 centres francais possedant une activite de neuroradiologie interventionnelle. Les donnees recueillies portaient sur les drogues et la methode anesthesique utilisees, le monitorage et la surveillance effectues. Resultats : trente-six centres ont participe. Dans 32 centres (89%), le recours a une equipe d’anesthesie etait systematique. Le recours systematique ou tres frequent a une anesthesie generale etait retrouve pour 10 centres (28%), contre 19 (53%) pour les sedations conscientes et 7 centres (19%) pour l’anesthesie locale. Dix-neuf centres (68%) ont declare avoir un objectif de pression arterielle systolique superieure a 140 mmHg. Dix-sept etablissements (47%) ont modifie leur organisation depuis 2015 en lien avec une augmentation du nombre de thrombectomies. Conclusion : notre observation principale est le recul de la place de l’anesthesie generale devenue une pratique minoritaire en 2018, associe au role croissant donne aux anesthesistes systematiquement presents lors de la realisation des thrombectomies dans la majorite des centres.
Relationship between certain parametres included in the glucose tolerance test in young heifers and their milk production traits in forthcoming lactation I.

The aim of the study was to establish the relationship between parametres included in the glucose tolerance test (GTT) of heifers aged 9-10 months and their subsequent milk yield and composition in lactation I. Used were 42 Holstein-Friesian heifers selected from the herd with a mean individual yield of 9600 kg milk/year with 4.32% fat and 3.44% protein. Over 24 hrs preceding the GTT the animals were offered only water and small amount of hay. After that time a “0” blood sample was withdrawn from each heifer and animals were infused intravenously with 40% water solution of glucose (the volume applied was equivalent to 1g glucose/kg W0.75). Then nine blood samples were withdrawn at 6 min intervals, and glucose and insulin contents of serum were determined. After calving, the heifers were maintained under uniform conditions and fed according to TMR system (INRA feeding standards) till the end of lactation I. Simple correlation coefficients were calculated between the area under the glucose and under insulin concentration curves (AGLUCC and AINSCC), ratio AGLUCC/AINSCC (GLIN combined index), maximum glucose concentration (GLUMAX) and maximum insulin concentration (INSMAX). Moreover, coefficients of regression were calculated of the GTT individual indicators on milk production traits and respective regression equations were derived. The GLIN index appeared to be the most suitable GTT parametre to predict future milk traits in dairy heifers. It can be anticipated that GTT may be employed in practical breeding work as an additional criterion of preliminary selection of heifers assigned for dairy herd replacement.
Physiological and pharmacological investigation of the nonvascularized marine teleost heart with adrenergic and cholinergic agents

Teleost hearts can be classified as either vascularized (coronaries) or nonvascularized, based on the arrangement of the ventricular myocardium. Anatomical investigation of the buffalo sculpin (Enophrys bison) heart has revealed that it lacks coronary circulation. To see if Starling's law was applicable in the nonvascularized teleost heart and to characterize the heart as to the type of adrenergic receptors present, isolated sculpin hearts were attached by the sinus venosus to a modified Langendorff perfusion apparatus. A pressure transducer was placed in series between the bulbus arteriosus and a vertical 15-cm length of glass tubing so that the heart was forced to work against a pressure head of 15 cm H2O (1.5 kPa). Heart rate, pressure, and cardiac output were monitored. As atrial perfusion pressure was increased, the sculpin heart responded with a positive inotropy and an increase in cardiac output. Heart rate did not change. Epinephrine caused an increase in heart rate and a lowered stroke volume. Ac.
Opc gene as a specific genetic marker for human bacterial meningitis

The usual diagnosis of bacterial meningitis is expensive, time consuming and non-confirmatory. We report a rapid PCR based diagnosis of bacterial meningitis using specific primers of virulence opc gene of N. meningitid is. Our method is an improvement of the existing methods and the overall analysis completes in 80 min which is the least time reported so far for the confirmation of the disease. Amplicon of 304 bp of opc gene does not show homology with other organisms and can be used as a specific genetic marker for detection of Neisseria meningitidis causing bacterial meningitis in human.
Aromatase activity in hindbrain vocal control region of a teleost fish: divergence amoung males with alternative reproductive tactics

Type I male midshipman fish acoustically court females, whereas type II males do not but instead sneak or satellite spawn to compete with type I males for fertilizations. ‘Singing’ type I males diverge from type II males and females in the organization of an expansive hindbrain pacemaker–motoneuron circuit that establishes the physical attributes of vocalizations. Here, levels of aromatase activity were determined in homogenates of brain by measuring the conversion of 3H–androstenedione (AE) to 3H–oestrone (E1) and 3H–oestradiol (E2). Levels were highest in the telencephalon–preoptic area and similar for all morphs. Lower levels were in a region including the diencephalon, midbrain and cerebellum, although levels were significantly higher in females compared with type I males. In the vocal hindbrain region, aromatase levels were three– to five–fold higher in type II males and females than in type I males, and in castrated type II males than in castrated type I males. Conversion of testosterone to oestrogen in type II males and females may effectively prevent testosterone–induced maturation of the vocal system that characterizes type I males. Aromatase may thus be a key enzyme regulating the expression of individual–specific brain circuitry and behaviours among members of one sex.
Static, Ontogenetic, and Evolutionary Allometry: A Multivariate Comparison in Nine Species of Water Striders

Static, ontogenetic, and evolutionary allometry in all five larval instars of nine species of the water strider genera Gerris and Aquarius were compared using a multivariate approach. Common principal component analysis (CPCA), a generalization extending principal component analysis (PCA) to multigroup situations, was carried out on covariance matrices of log-transformed measurements of eight characters of antennae and legs. For all three types of allometry, a good fit of the model of simple multivariate allometry was found, and PCA results were similar in all instars and species, which justifies the use of CPCA to estimate a common pattern of allometric variation for each of the three types of allometry. We found a fairly close association between static and ontogenetic allometry, which indicates at least in part a developmental origin of individual variation. Evolutionary allometry differed markedly from static and ontogenetic allometry, with leg segments displaying strongly positive allometry. We discuss the possible importance of differences in habitat use for the evolution of the characters considered. Static, ontogenetic, and evolutionary variation are reciprocally interrelated phenomena that need to be considered in studies of the evolution of morphological traits.