Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The burden of occupational cancer

In this issue of the journal ( see p 789 ), Rushton and colleagues1 report the first detailed estimate of the burden of occupational cancer in the UK. Estimates for all but leukaemia are greater than those currently used in the UK. During the last 25 years a variety of methods and assumptions have been employed to estimate the local, national and global burdens of occupational cancer resulting in attributable fractions ranging from less than 1% to about 40%. In 1981, Doll and Peto2 estimated that about 4% of all cancer deaths and 12.5% of lung cancer deaths (15% in men) in the USA were attributable to occupational exposures. Lung cancer accounted for almost 70% of occupational cancers and at least 1%–2% of all cancer deaths were ascribed to asbestos (see Box 1). These estimates have been widely quoted although they were criticised for various methodological reasons, for example for accepting only “definite” occupational carcinogens but “highly speculative” evidence for dietary risk factors. The World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) Comparative Risk Assessment (CRA)3 provided the most comprehensive and coherent estimates of mortality for more than 135 causes of disease and injury. Due to stringent data requirements only selected occupational carcinogens for lung cancer, mesothelioma and leukaemia were included. The selected carcinogens accounted for 9% of the global lung cancer deaths. The percentages for Western Europe and the USA were 6% and 5%, respectively. Important limitations of the CRA estimates stem from the lack of reliable exposure data for most of the countries, and uncertainties about the strength of the exposure-disease associations. Several other estimates using reliable national data have been published and can be informative. Steenland et al 4 relied on US exposure data (primarily from the National Occupational Exposure Survey, 1980–1983) to estimate the burden of occupational disease in …
The influence of the Chinese tax regime on IFRS convergence process in China: aligning the tax standards, CAS18 and IAS12

viii CHAPTER 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Research focus 2 1.3 Research method 3 CHAPTER 2: Background of tax and accounting system in China and comparisons 4 2.1 The taxation system in China 4 2.1.1 The tax sharing system in China 4 2.1.2 China’s taxation reform after 1994 9 2.1.3 Value Added Tax (VAT) 10 2.1. 4 Income tax 12 2.1. 5 Tax reporting 17 2.2 Tax system in other countries including the UK 19 2.3 Accounting system in China 22 2.4 Accounting system in the UK 23 CHAPTER 3: Methodology 24 3.
Exploring TED talks as linked data for education

In this paper, we present the TED Talks dataset which exposes all metadata and the actual transcripts of available TED talks as structured Linked Data. The TED talks collection is composed of more than 1800 talks, along with 35 000 transcripts in over 30 languages, related to a wide range of topics. In this regard, TED talks metadata available in structured, multilingual and HTTP-accessible form constitute a valuable resource, for instance, for schoolteachers, to explore controversial contemporary topics with their students in order to stimulate awareness and critical thinking or as a means for language learning. Moreover, being compliant with state-of-the-art Linked Data principles, our dataset facilitates the computation of links with related data and resources. The TED dataset is used by a number of educational applications, and it is included in the LinkedUp Data Catalog.
Response to: ‘Regulatory role of the JAK STAT kinase signalling system on the IL-23/IL-17 cytokine axis in psoriatic arthritis’ by Raychaudhuri et al

In their correspondence, Raychaudhuri et al 1 describe an alternative mechanism for the role of Janus Kinase and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) signalling in the pathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis (PsA). The interleukin (IL)-23/IL-17 cytokine axis is a well-documented and prominent pathway in the understanding of the pathogenesis of PsA, indicated by the approval of the monoclonal antibody (mAb) ustekinumab, a fully human Ig G1k mAb against the common subunit p40 of IL-12 and IL-23, for the treatment of psoriasis and PsA by the European Medicines Agency and Food and Drug Administration.2 In addition, IL-17 itself is also a direct therapeutic target for the treatment of PsA and psoriasis, with IL-17A mAb secukinumab now approved also for PsA and psoriasis.3 ,4 We agree that the tofacitinib may function by inhibiting JAK2/STAT3, leading to an inhibition of the functional effects of IL-23 on memory T cells, with an ultimate consequence …
THE RELATION BETWEEN UNAIDED BRAND AWARENESS AND BRAND COMMERCIAL PERFORMANCE: A STUDY AMONG URBAN ROMANIAN CONSUMERS

The role and importance of brands as core parameters for establishing marketing strategies has been widely accepted in developed countries, both in practice and in theory, but insufficiently acknowledged within most of the Romanian companies. If some of the large sized Romanian companies approach brands and their value as core elements of their marketing strategies, small and medium sized companies’ marketing managers usually don’t perceive the importance of branding and, even if they do, they lack the necessary information and knowledge in order to reflect branding within correctly underlain marketing strategies. This lack of knowledge is due to limited financial resources and/or poor motivation towards conducting specific studies regarding links and relations between brand dimensions, consumer behavior and commercial performance. The main objective of this paper is to investigate and identify the nature and strength of the relation between brand unaided awareness and brand commercial performance in the case of durable and non-durable products, within the local market segment represented by urban Romanian consumers. From this point of view, brand commercial performance is approached behaviorally, considering two main indicators: brand market share, on one hand, and brand loyalty from the perspective of brand repurchase intention, on the other hand.
Distinct Domains of the RelA NF-κB Subunit Are Required for Negative Cross-talk and Direct Interaction with the Glucocorticoid Receptor*

The RelA subunit of NF-κB and the glucocorticoid receptor mutually repress each others transcriptional activity, thus providing a mechanism for immunosuppression. Deletion analysis of the glucocorticoid receptor has shown that the DNA binding domain and the ligand binding domain are essential components for repression. Here, we show by deletions and point mutations that both the Rel homology domain and the transactivation domains of RelA are required for repression of the transcriptional activity of the glucocorticoid receptor in intact cells. However, only the Rel homology domain of RelA was found to associate with the glucocorticoid receptorin vitro. RelA mutants, not able to repress glucocorticoid receptor activity, but still able to dimerize, behaved as transdominant inhibitors of the repressive activity of wild type RelA. Furthermore, we show that the 13 S E1A protein is able to interfere with the transrepressive activity of RelA. We propose that negative cross-talk between the glucocorticoid receptor and RelA is due to direct interaction via the Rel homology domain of RelA and the DNA binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor in combination with interference by the transactivation domains of RelA with the transcriptional activity of the glucocorticoid receptor.
Assessment of Transepidermal Water Loss From the Ocular Area in Dry Eye Disease.

Purpose To investigate transepidermal water loss (TEWL) from the ocular area in dry eye disease (DED) and evaluate the correlation between ocular TEWL and other DED parameters. Methods Transepidermal water loss from the ocular area in 56 eyes with DED and 38 healthy eyes was measured using a Tewameter TM300 that was equipped with custom made goggles (measuring temperature 24°C-26°C and relative humidity 35%-45%). The DED group was classified into two subgroups, aqueous deficient dry eye (ADDE) and evaporative dry eye (EDE). Correlations between ocular TEWL and other DED parameters, such as tear osmolarity, tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal staining, conjunctival staining, Schirmer I test, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), and Visual Analogue Scale score were evaluated. Results Ocular TEWL was significantly higher in the DED group (63.0 ± 12.2 g/h/m2) than in the control group (54.7 ± 14.2 g/h/m2; P = 0.003). Although there was no significant difference, TEWL was higher in the ADDE subgroup (64.0 ± 10.7 g/h/m2) compared with the EDE subgroup (61.1 ± 14.9 g/h/m2). Tear break-up time, corneal staining score, and OSDI were significantly correlated with ocular TEWL (P < 0.05) in all participants. Ocular TEWL loss was negatively correlated with Schirmer I test value in the DED group. Conclusions Ocular TEWL was significantly higher in DED patients compared with controls, reflecting higher tear evaporation in DED patients. Patients who have shorter Schirmer I test values tend to have higher TEWL values. Not only EDE but also ADDE patients may have increased tear evaporation.
Blood flow through arteriovenous anastomoses and its thermal function in the laying hen.

1. Total (arteriovenous anastomoses + capillary) blood flow (t.b.f.) and capillary blood flow (c.b.f.) distribution were determined by 52 and 15 micron microspheres respectively, in body organs of six unanaesthetized laying hens, exposed to thermoneutral air temperatures. 2. Statistically significant differences between t.b. f. and c.b. f. were only found in the unfeathered metatarsal skin, comb and wattles. The c.b. f. constituted 22, 42 and 45% of t.b. f. respectively, indicating significant arteriovenous anastomoses (a.v.a.) blood flow. Differences between t.b. f. and c.b. f. were small in the two larger ovarian follicles and digestive tract and were negligible in reproductive tract, liver and kidney. 3. Microspheres of different size have been injected into the external ischiadic artery in order to examine the vasomotor responses of leg tissues in twenty‐one hens kept in thermoneutral, cold or hot conditions. 4. In cold, thermoneutral and hot conditions 1, 16 and 35% of whole leg blood flow respectively passed through a.v. a. Only c.b. f. was present in bone and muscle in either treatment; cold and heat reduced it in bones and cold increased it in muscles. Arteriovenous anastomoses blood flow appeared mostly in unfeathered skin; it constituted 17, 53 and 83% of t.b. f. to this tissue in cold, thermoneutral and hot conditions, while t.b. f. increased from 1.4 to 14% and 30% of whole leg blood flow respectively. Blood flow to feathered skin decreased during heat and cold.
Why Am I Scared of HPV?

As a physician community, we must develop proven educational methods to explain human papillomavirus (HPV) so that we do not invoke patients’ confusion, guilt, anxiety and psychological distress. Patient participation in any type of medical care is dependent on their understanding of the problem, confidence in their knowledge and choice of medical options, and the cost of care relative to other important aspects of their life. HPV education should address the sexually transmitted nature of HPV, the natural history and outcomes of HPV infection, the medical nomenclature encompassing HPV, and where HPV testing fits within current cervical cancer screening guidelines.
Merger Process and Shareholder Wealth: Evidence from Public Tender Offer in Korea

This paper examines announcement effect of public tender offer process in Korea. We find that firms are more affected by selection of the preferred negotiator date than LOI submission date. Specifically only the firms exempted from preferred negotiator show significantly negative effect, and the financial crisis has significantly greater negative effect on those firms. Also the result shows that lower insider and largest ownership increase the probability of giving up the deal of non-chaebol affiliated firms. Overall we find that selection of the preferred negotiator has significant meaning, and ownership structure affects a firm’s intermediate merger process.
Cross-Shareholding, Returns and Entrenchment Behaviour Among Japanese Firms, 1990-2008

This paper is concerned with the nature of ownership, returns and corporate performance and investment behavior in the ‘post-bubble’ environment surrounding Japanese firms. Market participants have feared that ‘unwinding’ of cross-shareholding would have negative consequences for returns, on the assumption of a downward sloping demand curve for equities. We examine whether this is the case, but more importantly consider what consequences the changing nature of ownership might have for firm behavior. Interestingly, while overall unwinding of cross-holdings is indeed consistent with downward sloping demand curves for equities, controlling for endogeneity biases and focusing on holdings by financial institutions, we find the opposite result. We interpret this as evidence that at least one facet of the traditional ‘main-bank system’ of Japan is alive and well- namely that increased bank holdings can be viewed as intervention by banks in assistance of financially distressed firms. In terms of firm behavior, our results are consistent with the literature on entrenchment. That is, firms that are more closely cross-held by other firms (financial or non-financial) tend to invest more heavily in capital stock and research and development. This is consistent with the notion that firms that are less vulnerable to takeover tend to spend and invest more than their more takeover prone counterparts.
The Impact of the Stadium in the Supporter’s Consumption: How Does the Frequency at The Stadium Boosts the Demand for the Clubs’

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the presence of supporter in the stadium, which demonstrates the supporter’s involvement with his soccer club, and its influence on the purchase of official products of the 12 largest Brazilian brands of soccer clubs. In this research, it was collected information from 1,296 supporters who responded to a questionnaire with 22 questions. It was defined as involvement with their soccer club the frequency this supporter goes to the stadium. In order to determine the consumption relationship it were used variables such as frequency of purchase of official products, the annual amount spent on such products, favorite venue to purchase and assortment of the products mix . For the supporters buying preferences analysis, it was applied the technique of correspondence analysis (Anacor). As a result, we can point out that the supporters’ loyalty, driven by the relationship marketing, is one of the catalysts for increasing the soccer clubs revenue, since the higher the products and average tickets purchase frequency, the more this frequency is associated with a higher number of attendance to the stadium, as well as the variety in the mix of products acquired by the supporter. In this sense, the work points to the importance of building a long term relationship which goes beyond the emotional bond with the club, reaching the brand products consumption.
Evaluation of Analgesic Effect of Human Saliva

Pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage [1]. Pain has two basic types i.e. acute pain and chronic pain, different from each other on the basis of etiology and pathophysiology. Acute pain is independent pain which is consistent with the level of tissue damage. It is a fundamental system for informing and safeguarding injured or damaged regions of body by escaping from noxious stimuli. Whereas chronic or persistent pain is nonindependent and treated imperfectly. It is chiefly neuropathic followed by peripheral or central or both type of stimulations. Patients with this type suffer with noteworthy restrictions of activity and physiological instabilities [2-5].
Adverse health effects of environmental chemical agents through non-genotoxic mechanisms

Over the past century, industrialisation in the western hemisphere led to the high-volume production of thousands of different chemicals and complex preparations and their release into the environment. These compounds can be separated into those that were synthesised and released intentionally and others that arose as by-products from various industrial processes. A subgroup among these chemicals are persistent in terms of environmental biodegradation and thus stay alive for a long time in the environment with the potential to emerge as contaminants in the food chain. Compounds produced on purpose include biocides, pesticides, flame retardants, plasticisers, preservatives and additives used in foods or cosmetics, and consumer products. Many of these compounds are now suspected or have already been demonstrated to be capable of modulating cellular receptor responses involved in physiological signal cascades by mimicking or counteracting endogenous receptor ligands. Besides typical hormone receptors—such as those that govern cellular responses to physiological levels of oestrogens, androgens, progesterone, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and thyroid hormones—many others were characterised, including those involved in xenobiotic recognition and responses.1 In terms of toxicology, most important among the latter so-called ‘xenosensors’ are the arylhydrocarbon receptor (AHR), the pregnane X receptor and the constitutive androstane receptor. While the pregnane X receptor and the constitutive androstane receptor are more or less promiscuous in ligand binding, with certain endogenous agonists being identified, AHR seems exceptional, as no definite physiological ligands have yet been identified.2 AHR has been recognised for decades as a ligand-activated transcription factor that is—along with its nuclear translocator—responsible for the induction of drug metabolising enzymes such as cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases. Not until recently have other functions of this protein begun to be recognised, and it is now clear that AHR also functions in pathways beyond xenobiotic metabolising enzyme induction. Chemical impairment of these other pathways may help …
ProfileSEEKER — system informatyczny wczesnego ostrzegania małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw przed bankructwem

W artykule przedstawiono budowę systemu informatycznego ProfileSEEKER do wczesnego ostrzegania małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw przed bankructwem. Opracowany system stanowi zespół pięciu klasyfikatorów, wykorzystujących różnorodne topologie sztucznych sieci neuronowych oraz sieć przekonań Bayesa, wspomagany metodami nadzorowanego uczenia maszynowego. Sprawność systemu oceniono stosując nową metodę walidacji, nazwaną metodą walidacji kolejkowej.
Oxidoreductase activity of multifunctional monoclonal antibody B13‐DE1

The monoclonal antibody B13‐DE1 binds fluorescein, several fluorescein derivatives, and three peptide mimotopes. Our results revealed that this antibody also catalyzed the redox reaction of resazurin to resorufin, which are both structurally related to fluorescein. By using sodium sulfite as a reducing agent, the antibody B13‐DE1 lowered the activation energy of this reaction. The Michaelis–Menten constant and turnover number of the catalyzed reaction were determined as 4.2 µmol/l and 0.0056 s−1, respectively. Because the results showed that fluorescein inhibited the catalytic activity of the antibody, we assume that the antigen‐binding site and the catalytic active site are identical. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characteristics and outcomes of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt recipients in the VA Healthcare System

Background and Aims Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement is an effective treatment for complications of portal hypertension. We aimed to describe post-TIPS mortality and its predictors in the modern era of covered stents. Patients and methods We identified patients with cirrhosis who underwent TIPS insertion at Veterans Affairs Healthcare facilities nationally from 2004 to 2014 (n=703), most of which (95%) were performed as elective procedures. We followed patients until the date of death, transplantation, or the end of the observation period. Results TIPS recipients had a mean age of 59.3 years (SD 8) and 97% were men. The mean Model for End Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score was 13 (SD 4.8); 47% had hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, 48% had variceal hemorrhage, and 40% had ascites. During a mean follow-up of 1.72 years (SD 1.9), 57.5% of TIPS recipients died (n=404) and only 5.3% underwent liver transplantation (n=37). The median survival after TIPS was 1.74 years (interquartile range 0.3–4.7). Thirty-day mortality after TIPS was 11.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 9.4–14.2], 1-year mortality was 40.3% (95% CI 36.7–44.2), and 3-year mortality was 61.9% (95% CI 57.9–66.0). Independent predictors of post-TIPS mortality included medical comorbidity burden, low albumin, HCV infection, and high MELD score (or high international normalized ratio and bilirubin when the components of the MELD score were analyzed individually). TIPS revision was performed at least once in 27.3% of TIPS recipients. Conclusion TIPS should not be considered simply as a bridge to transplantation. Burden of extra-hepatic comorbidities, HCV infection, and low serum albumin strongly predict post-TIPS mortality in addition to the MELD score.
A STUDY OF EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION AND ITS EFFECTS TOWARD LOYALTY IN HOTEL INDUSTRY

Nowadays, the number of hotels in Malaysia increasing year by year in Malaysia due to the effects of tourism in Malaysia. However, the employees’ turnover rate in hotel industry is declining year by year also. Thus, there is a issue that affects the employees’ turnover rate in the hotel industry which is the employee loyalty. Employee loyalty is an important issue for all organizations. There is not an easily way to maintain the employee loyalty in an organization to retain the employees. There have several variables that are influence the employee loyalty in the hotel industry such as career development, compensation and rewards, job security and workplace environment. Therefore, this research is conducted to study about the relationships between these four variables and the employee loyalty which can reduce the employee turnover rate in the hotel industry. Based on the past study, there is a significant relationship between these four variables and the employee loyalty. In the research, there has some evidence which can prove that employee loyalty is reliable to these four variables. So, organization needs to focus more on career development, compensation and rewards, job security and workplace environment to improve their employees’ loyalty towards the hotel industry. In this research, researchers have conducted this study by using the questionnaires. Researchers distributed the questionnaires to the employees who worked in the hotel industry. This can helps the researchers identify the variable more accurately. Besides, this study also describes the important role of employees for the company productivity and operation. Furthermore, there also has several recommendations are proposed in the last part of this research for cultivating the employee loyalty towards the hotel industry which can helps organization maximize the profits and improve the operation. In short, this research shows that the importance, information and awareness of employee loyalty in the hotel industry in Malaysia.