Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hybrid RANS-LES of Shaped Hole Film Cooling on an Adiabatic Flat Plate at Low Reynolds Number

Hybrid RANS-LES methods offer a means of reducing computational cost and setup time to simulate transitional flows. Several methods are evaluated in ANSYS CFX, including Scale-Adaptive Simulation (SAS), Shielded Detached Eddy Simulation (SDES), Stress-Blended Eddy Simulation (SBES), and Zonal Large Eddy Simulation (ZLES), along with a no-model laminar simulation. Each is used to simulate an adiabatic flat plate film cooling experiment of a shaped hole at low Reynolds number. Adiabatic effectiveness is calculated for Blowing Ratio (BR) = 1.5 and Density Ratio (DR) = 1.5. The ZLES method and laminar simulation most accurately match experimental lateral-average adiabatic effectiveness along the streamwise direction from the trailing edge of the hole to 35 hole diameters downstream of the hole (X/D = 0 to X/D = 35), with RMS deviations of 5.1% and 4.2%, and maximum deviations of 8% and 11%, respectively. The accuracy of these models is attributed to the resolution of turbulent structures in not only the mixing region but in the upstream boundary layer as well, where the other methods utilize RANS and do not switch to LES.
Foreign Language Training Transformation for Sustainable Development: Trends and Experiences

The aim of this paper is to analyze the ways and identify the main trends of language learning transformation in universities for sustainable development in order to encourage students’ soft skills and competences for real commitment and interaction. Education is considered as a means through which individuals can improve their quality of life. If we redesign institutional educational programs on language learning based on students’ needs and expected outcomes, then both the quality of language education and the quality of life will improve dramatically. It also tries to consider the directions to implement sustainability in foreign language teaching through curriculum, interdisciplinary approach and innovation.
Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymers for Biodetection and Signal Amplification: Synthesis and Self-Assembly

The ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) was used to develop a new class of block copolymers toward biological detection with signal amplification. For this, three classes of ROMP monomers were synthesized: (i) luminescent and electrochemiluminescent transition-metal-containing monomers, with ruthenium, osmium, and iridium bipyridine units, (ii) biologically compatible monomers and macromonomers containing oligothylene glycol units, and (iii) bioconjugatable monomers as well as monomers containing the biorecognition unit biotin. ROMP was used to efficiently combine these monomers into amphiphilic di- and triblock copolymers. Self-assembly of these block copolymers in aqueous media generates micellar spherical assemblies, which contain a large number of luminescent transition-metal centers in their core, a biocompatible and biologically inert protecting shell, and biological recognition units or bioconjugatable groups on their periphery. These micelles can act as luminescent markers for biological.
Cancer chemoresistance and therapeutic strategies targeting tumor microenvironment

Anticancer drug resistance, also known as a chemoresistance, continues to be the greatest challenge in cancer therapies. Chemoresistance is acquired during cancer treatment due to several mechanisms such as genetic alterations in the drug target, drug inactivation, and increased drug efflux from cancer cells. Therefore, a cure for cancer is challenging for most patients. The current focus on cancer research needs to be re-evaluated to resolve this issue. In recent years, many efforts have been devoted to understanding the interactions between malignant and non-malignant cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) during cancer progression and treatment. Several TMEtargeted therapeutic strategies have been developed and utilized in clinical applications due to an increased recognition of TME as a key driver of tumor progression and chemoresistance. An additional challenge to effective cancer therapy is targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to the tumor site without harming surrounding healthy tissues and organs. The therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs is significantly hindered by non-specific biodistribution and low bioavailability of the drugs at tumor sites. In this regard, nanomedicines, including nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems, have been employed to improve the safety and efficacy of cancer therapeutics via TME targeting. This review provides a summary of the cellular components of TME, their roles in cancer progression and chemoresistance, and various TME-targeted therapeutic strategies and clinical trials.
Commercial Surfactants for Use in CO2 – a Survey

Abstract This paper reappraises the dry cleaning process using compressed Carbon Dioxide as washing fluid, specifically in view to cleaning enhancement options. At first, the cleaning cycle of the process is presented. Thereafter, suitable surfactant classes are discussed against the background of prolific as well as an environmentally benign process. Among the most promising structures are the alcohol ethoxylates. Their physical properties such as solubility, phase behaviour, and interfacial activity were intensely studied. The performance of test-formulations in cleaning tests is promising and already suitable for outer garment cleaning. A new way of enhanced mechanical action was already demonstrated in a lab-scale apparatus.
Silver Nanoparticles Stabilized by Thermoresponsive Microgel Particles: Synthesis and Evidence of an Electron Donor-Acceptor Effect

Well-dispersed silver nanoparticles were successfully fabricated within poly[(N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-(acrylic acid)] [P(NIPAM-co-AA)] microgel particles which were synthesized with different cross-linking densities. Their structures were studied by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and FT-IR spectroscopy. The interactions between the microgel particles and the incorporated silver nanoparticles were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results revealed that there was charge transfer from the carbonyl groups of the microgel particles to the silver nanoparticles. Moreover, as the diameter of the AgNPs decreases, the charge-transfer efficiency increases accordingly. The P(NIPAM-co-AA)/AgNPs hybrid microgel particles were thermoresponsive and their behavior completely reversible with several heating/cooling cycles.
A Class of Box-Like Bandpass Filters With Wide Stopband Based on New Dual-Mode Rectangular SIW Cavities

This article proposes a new class of box-like substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) filters with wide stopband. First, a two-pole doublet bandpass filter with one finite-transmission zero (FTZ) is proposed using a new planar dual-mode rectangular SIW cavity, which is realized by TE201 and TE103 modes. TE102, TE202, and TE104 modes are suppressed intrinsically by arranging feeding lines at the horizontal centerline of the dual-mode SIW cavity. Then, a four-pole box-section filter with one FTZ is proposed using one dual-mode and two single-mode rectangular SIW cavities, and the two single-mode cavities have different width-length ratios to further improve the stopband performance. To further improve the cutoff skirt, a new design method for five-pole quasi-elliptic SIW filter is proposed, which is achieved by the four-pole filter loaded by one single-mode SIW cavity. Some design examples with the center frequency of 10 GHz are presented to verify the performance of the proposed dual-mode SIW filters and the design method.
Characterization of Peat Fulvic Acid Fractions by Means of FT-IR, SERS, and 1H, 13C NMR Spectroscopy

Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (1H and 13C) have been applied to the characterization of un fractionated and fractionated fulvic acids extracted from an Irish peat. Raman study of these compounds is possible on rough metallic surfaces, which enhance the Raman signal and quench the high fluorescence. The application of these spectroscopic techniques has provided important structural information concerning the aromaticity and the carboxylate and carbohydrate group contents in each fraction. In addition, a SERS study at different pH levels has revealed interesting interfacial behavior of these components based on electric charge and conformational changes.
Rapid‐Setting, Mesoporous, Bioactive Glass Cements that Induce Accelerated In Vitro Apatite Formation

A variety of bioactive glasses (BGs) with general chemical compositions of SiO 2 –CaO–P 2 O 5 –MO (M= Na, Mg, etc.) have been developed in the past three decades for bone and tooth reconstruction and substitution [1–3] because they can chemically bond to both soft and hard tissues by means of the formation of a biologically active apatite layer at the implant– tissue interface without inducing toxic, inflammatory, or immune responses. [4,5] It is commonly accepted that the rate of apatite layer formation is related to in vivo bone-forming bioactivity. The in vitro assessment of in vivo bone-forming bioactivity is typically carried out by soaking BGs in simulated body fluid (SBF) and monitoring the formation of apatite on the surfaces of BGs over time. The bone-forming bioactivity of BGs is associated with their chemical and structural properties, including composition, porosity, specific surface area, crystallinity, and particle size. Although a number of research efforts have been devoted to tailoring the compositions and textural properties of BGs in order to accelerate the kinetic deposition process of apatite, [6–8] the induction period of crystalline apatite phase formation after soaking BGs in SBF is still longer than 24 h. In addition, lack of plasticity also limits the practical applications of BGs. Therefore, a BG cement, which forms a plastic paste initially and hardens rapidly with time, is highly desirable because the plasticity of cement pastes makes it easy to inject and mold pastes into irregularly shaped defects in bones and teeth. Here we report a mesoporous bioactive glass cement (MBGC) that exhibits the desired plasticity and a rapid-setting capability. The cement induces accelerated in vitro hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH)
High-Performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with polar C18 for rapid quantification of anthocyanin and flavonoid in black soybean extracts

ABSTRACT Black soybean (Glycine max L.) is one of the most popular crops with various application in the world. Its seed coat contains various natural pigments compounds such as anthocyanin and flavonoid. In this study, we optimize the extraction conditions of eight polyphenols from whole of black soybean and seed coat, evaluate their extraction effect, and separation resolution at different pH-range. The multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method was analyzed by using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) with simultaneous positive and negative electrospray ionization in a single analytical run. Eight polyphenols were separated within 9 minutes of run time with LC-MS/MS operated mode. The calibration graphs were linear over the concentration ranges of 0.01 to 1 mg/L for all polyphenol. Regression coefficients were in the range > 0.99. The limit of detection value, calculated from the blank tests based on 3σ, was 1 µg/L for all polyphenol. The RSD values corresponding to the intra-day and inter-day repeatability were lower than 11% and accuracies between 85-115%. It is shown that the modified solvent system that applied in LC-MS/MS detection could be developed as a useful tool for the study of water-soluble phenolic compounds.
Selective Subtraction: An Extension of Background Subtraction

Background subtraction or scene modeling techniques model the background of the scene using the stationarity property and classify the scene into two classes of foreground and background. In doing so, most moving objects become foreground indiscriminately, except for perhaps some waving tree leaves, water ripples, or a water fountain, which are typically “learned” as part of the background using a large training set of video data. Traditional techniques exhibit a number of limitations including inability to model partial background or subtract partial foreground, inflexibility of the model being used, need for large training data and computational inefficiency. In this thesis, we present our work to address each of these limitations and propose algorithms in two major areas of research within background subtraction namely single-view and multi-view based techniques. We first propose the use of both spatial and temporal properties to model a dynamic scene and show how Mapping Convergence framework within Support Vector Mapping Convergence (SVMC) can be used to minimize training data. We also introduce a novel concept of background as the objects other than the foreground, which may include moving objects in the scene that cannot be learned from a training set because they occur only irregularly and sporadically, e.g. a walking person. We propose a “selective subtraction” method as an alternative to standard background subtraction, and show that a reference plane in a scene viewed by two cameras can be used as the decision boundary between foreground and background. In our definition, the foreground may actually occur behind a moving object. Our novel use of projective depth as a decision boundary allows us to extend the traditional definition of background subtraction and propose a much more powerful framework. Furthermore, we show that the reference plane can be selected in a very flexible manner, using for example the actual moving objects in the scene, if needed. We present diverse set of examples to show that: (i) the technique performs better than standard background subtraction techniques without the need for training, camera calibration, disparity map estimation, or special camera con-
Succession and community composition of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria in bulk soil of a Japanese paddy field

Abstract The present study describes succession in the abundances of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in the upland and flooded bulk soils of a Japanese rice paddy field over 2 years using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction of both crenarchaeotal and betaproteobacterial ammonia monooxygenase alpha subunit (amoA) genes. A marked increase in the abundance of AOA amoA gene was observed in upland bulk soil after plowing, drainage and rice harvesting. A marked increase was also observed in the abundance of AOB amoA gene after plowing. The abundances of both AOA and AOB amoA genes in flooded bulk soil decreased immediately after flooding. During the middle period of flooding, the abundance of AOA amoA gene increased slightly in the flooded bulk soil. As the flooding subsided, the abundance of AOA amoA gene decreased, whereas that of AOB amoA gene increased. The AOA amoA gene sequences were affiliated with two phylogenetic clusters previously found in marine and soil environments. Both Nitrosospira-like and Nitrosomonas-like clones were detected. Our results revealed that there was a difference in the succession of abundances between AOA and AOB amoA genes in Japanese bulk paddy soil.
EFFECT OF DRYING AIR TEMPERATURE AND GRAIN TEMPERATURE OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF DRYER AND OPERATION ON RICE QUALITY

Quality of aromatic rice (KDML-105) and non-aromatic rice (Suphanburi I) was studied using different methods and scales of drying. At the lab scale, rough rice at high moisture (21±1% w.b.) was subjected to shade drying, sun drying, oven drying at 45 °C and 60 °C and fluidized bed drying (for different time periods) at 120 °C, with tempering for 2hrs. On a commercial scale, single stage drying (sun drying, column drying) and multi stage drying in a fluidized bed dryer coupled with column and shade drying were investigated. Head rice yield, color, hardness, stickiness and hardness ratio, water absorption, and structure of milled rice were examined for each method of drying. The results revealed that water absorption and ratio of stickiness and hardness decreased but the b-value and hardness increased with increase in dry grain temperature, longer exposure/drying time, longer tempering time, and rapid rate of water removal. Head rice yield of samples dried at high temperature (>60 °C) followed by tempering and of those dried at low temperature (<45 °C) in case of lab scale drying was increased and no significant difference (p<0.05) was seen relative control samples. For single stage drying, at low temperature, and multi stage drying in the fluidized bed drier (interment tempering), at high temperature, head rice yield was decreased and exhibited significant difference (p<0.05) relative to control sample. The yield however increased for a sample subjected to a 12hr tempering period and then shade drying stage subsequent to drying in a fluidized bed drier. Drying of rough rice at low temperature (<45 °C) did not affect cooking and eating qualities of rice which were affected by drying at high temperature (>60 °C). Cooking and eating qualities however changed at both single and multi stage drying on a commercial scale.
Ground-distance segmentation of 3D LiDAR point cloud toward autonomous driving

In this paper, we study the semantic segmentation of 3D LiDAR point cloud data in urban environments for autonomous driving, and a method utilizing the surface information of the ground plane was proposed. In practice, the resolution of a LiDAR sensor installed in a self-driving vehicle is relatively low and thus the acquired point cloud is indeed quite sparse. While recent work on dense point cloud segmentation has achieved promising results, the performance is relatively low when directly applied to sparse point clouds. This paper is focusing on semantic segmentation of the sparse point clouds obtained from 32-channel LiDAR sensor with deep neural networks. The main contribution is the integration of the ground information which is used to group ground points far away from each other. Qualitative and quantitative experiments on two large-scale point cloud datasets show that the proposed method outperforms the current state-of-the-art.
Comparison of One-Focus and Two-Foci Setup in Single-Molecule Detection Experiments

Single molecule detection in fluid flow has become a widely used technique in ultrasensitive fluorescence detection. The detection of a single molecule in a fluid flow at room temperature is limited by effects such as background signals from the surrounding liquid and possible contamination in it, photobleaching effects which restrict the overall number of detectable photons from one molecule, and diffusion can cause the molecule to miss the exciting laser beam when flowing along the capillary. A method for enhancing the single molecule detection efficiency is the use of multiple excitation-detection regions along the capillary and the application of an analysis for correlating the photon detection data from the different regions. In this note we demonstrate that, at a constant laser power, no improvement results using time-correlated detection from multiple-foci regions. (AIP) {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital Society for Applied Spectroscopy}
An EPR study of thermally and photochemically generated oxygen radicals on hydrated and dehydrated titania surfaces

The formation of a series of oxygen-centred radicals on different TiO2 samples (P25 and two different rutile materials) under various conditions was investigated using X-band c.w. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The radicals were formed either on thermally-reduced TiO2, or by UV irradiation of the oxide under an oxygen atmosphere. The nature and stability of the radicals was also explored as a function of surface hydration. On thermally reduced TiO2, containing surface and bulk Ti3+ centres, oxygen adsorption at 300 K results in the preferential formation and stabilisation of O2- anions on the P25 surface, but O- and O3- anions are generated on the rutile surfaces. Superoxide anions (O-) and trapped holes (O2-) were also identified after photo-irradiation of the thoroughly dehydrated TiO2 samples under oxygen. The O- anions were only visible at low temperatures under continuous irradiation, while the O2- anions were stable for days at 300 K. By comparison, on fully hydrated surfaces, no stable oxygen centred radicals could be detected on P25, while O2- anions were easily observed on the rutile surfaces. On partially hydrated P25, the O-, O2- and HO2 anions were detected after UV irradiation at 77 K; all radicals decayed upon warming to 298 K. On partially hydrated rutile, the O- and O2- anions were detected and, unlike the case for P25, were found to be stable for days under the same conditions. The results illustrate the varied formation and stability of the oxygen centred radicals on TiO2 surfaces depending on the pretreatment conditions.
Generating Effective Software Obfuscation Sequences With Reinforcement Learning

Obfuscation is a prevalent security technique which transforms syntactic representation of a program to a complicated form, but still keeps program semantics unchanged. So far, developers heavily rely on obfuscation to harden their products and reduce the risk of adversarial reverse engineering. However, despite its spectacular progress, one crucial hurdle is that each of existing obfuscation method is designed specifically for obfuscating one program feature (e.g., identifier name, control flow), so an effective obfuscation scheme usually composes a considerable amount of different obfuscation methods. Therefore, one primary challenge lies in identifying effective combinations of obfuscation methods. In this research, we propose a principled technique for generating an optimal program obfuscation scheme by adopting a reinforcement learning approach. Given a program and a set of obfuscation transformations, a reinforcement learning model is progressively trained to select a sequence of obfuscation transformations, such that applying each transformation in order toward the program yields the optimal obfuscation result, making programs dissimilar while retaining reasonable instrumentation overhead. Our implementation can directly work on raw binary executables without source code, and our evaluation demonstrates that the trained models can effectively obfuscate executable files with low cost.
A Patch Antenna Coupling of Periodic Leak-Wave Structure With Tri-Frequency Capability

A patch antenna coupling of a periodic leak-wave structure with tri-frequency capability is proposed. The periodic offset double-sided parallel stripline (DSPSL) leaky wave structure (LWS) is embedded in the direction of the whole ground of the microstrip patch substrate, then the capability of tri-frequency could be obtained by the different Floquet mode of the propagation constant. According to the design principle, a unified formula was derived to calculate the tri-frequency points at the same time. Though applying of antenna design principle and the simple tri-frequency formula, a tri-frequency patch antenna was designed and tested. Experiment results show that the antenna operated at 1.71, 2.05, and 2.72 GHz. The measured and calculated results show high consistency.