Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sino‐aortic denervation augments the increase in blood pressure seen during paradoxical sleep in the rat

Using a computer assisted telemetric system, we have re‐examined the effect of sino‐aortic denervation (SAD) on the changes in arterial blood pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) during sleep in the rat suitably recovered from the operation. Eight 1 hourly polygraphic recordings were performed 4 weeks after the initial SAD surgery. In the SAD rats, the increase in AP during paradoxical sleep (PS) was much larger than that in sham‐operated rats. HR in the SAD rats increased on‐going from slow‐wave sleep to PS, but it showed no change in sham‐operated rats. The present study suggests that chronic SAD causes the enhanced AP increase during PS concomitantly with the persistent hypertension and tachycardia across sleep‐wake states.
Endogenously elicited antibodies to platelet derived growth factor‐BB and platelet cytosolic protein inhibit aortic lesion development in the cholesterol‐fed rabbit

Several studies have indicated that growth factors, such as platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), may be important in atherogenesis. These factors are released from platelets, or expressed by cells of the arterial wall. In order to study their role in atherogenesis more directly, rabbits were immunized with PDGF‐BB, platelet cytosolic protein, or human serum albumin (HSA), until high titres of antibody were attained. Atherosclerotic lesions were subsequently induced by feeding the animals with a 2% cholesterol enriched diet. At the end of approximately 3 months, the extent of aortic lesion development was assessed by image analysis of en face preparations of aortae stained with Oil Red‐O, and histological segments of aortae taken at the level of the first intercostal artery branch point. The endogenous antibodies were characterized with respect to their cross‐reactivity, and ability to neutralize PDGF and platelet cytosol‐induced cell proliferation and migration in vitro. The endogenous, anti‐PDGF‐BB antibody was isoform specific, and neutralized the mitogenic and chemotactic properties of PDGF‐BB and rabbit platelet cytosolic protein in vitro. The anti‐platelet cytosol antibody partially inhibited the chemotactic and mitogenic properties of rabbit platelet cytosolic protein. Compared to non‐immune rabbits (n=5), animals immunized with HSA (n=4) had a significantly larger area of aortic lesion involvement (P<0.01), whereas aortic lesions in rabbits immunized with PDGF‐BB (n=5), or platelet cytosolic protein (n=7) were significantly smaller than either non‐immune animals, or animals immunized with HSA (P<0.05). The same pattern was observed for other measures of aortic lesion involvement including aortic intima : media ratio at the level of the first intercostal artery. These data suggest that PDGF‐BB, and possibly other platelet‐associated growth factors, are involved in cholesterol‐induced atherosclerosis.
CD45 Modulates Phosphorylation of Both Autophosphorylation and Negative Regulatory Tyrosines of Lyn in B Cells*

CD45 is a tyrosine phosphatase that is required for normal B cell receptor (BCR)-mediated signaling. It has been shown that Src-family tyrosine kinases such as Lyn could be a potential substrate for CD45. In vitro studies indicate that activities of Src family tyrosine kinases are regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation; C-terminal phosphorylation is inhibitory, and autophosphorylation is stimulatory. We report here that both autophosphorylation and C-terminal negative regulatory tyrosines of Lyn were hyperphosphorylated in CD45-deficient DT40 B cells. In this mutant cell, BCR-induced protein-tyrosine phosphorylation and calcium mobilization were severely compromised, as seen in Lyn-deficient cells. Consistent with this observation, Lyn activation upon receptor ligation was profoundly decreased in CD45-deficient cells. Taken together, our results suggest that dephosphorylation of tyrosine residues at both autophosphorylation and negative regulatory sites is mediated by CD45 in vivo, and that dephosphorylation of C-terminal tyrosine is a prerequisite for participation of Lyn in BCR signaling.
Terminal Autoreceptor Control of 5‐Hydroxytryptamine Release as Measured by In Vivo Microdialysis in the Conscious Guinea‐Pig

Abstract: In vivo microdialysis in the frontal cortex of the freely moving guinea‐pig was used to measure extracellular 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) and study terminal autoreceptor control of its release. The indoleamine levels were determined by HPLC with electrochemical detection. Release of extracellular 5‐HT and, to a lesser extent, 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid was sensitive to tetrodotoxin, confirming the neuronal origin of measured neurotransmitter levels. Both systemic and local administration of the 5‐HT1 agonist 5‐carboxamidotryptamine caused inhibition of extracellular 5‐HT levels, confirming the regulatory role of the terminal, and possibly also the somatodendritic, 5‐HT autoreceptor on neuronal 5‐HT release. Levels of extracellular 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid were not affected by 5‐carboxamidotryptamine following either central or peripheral administration.
Montrer le faire, construire l’agir : une approche développementale de la conception mise en œuvre à l’école primaire

- Pourquoi vous aimez faire des videos ? - Bah parce que. on me voit et ca fait du bien de voir les gens ! - Moi, c’est parce que… moi j’ai envie d’etre une star de cinema. Depuis quelques semaines dans cette classe de CP, l’enseignant cherche avec ses eleves comment son telephone portable peut mediatiser efficacement l’apprentissage de l’ecriture. Nous le rencontrons en novembre 2015 et introduisons dans la classe un artefact numerique qui vise a instrumenter les activites de production de contenus numeriques des eleves.Cette these interroge la conception et l’evaluation d’artefacts numeriques, et contribue a repondre a la question suivante : comment concevoir pour contribuer au developpement des activites scolaires de maniere durable ? Et comment les artefacts numeriques participent-ils de ce developpement ? Nous dessinons une approche developpementale de la conception, qui propose de deplacer l’objet de la conception des artefacts aux formes de l’agir collectif ; approche que nous mettons en œuvre a travers une recherche action longitudinale ancree en ergonomie dans la classe de CP d’une ecole publique. Nous proposons son pendant methodologique, qui entend transformer autant que comprendre : une demarche de « recherche par version », construite a partir des demarches participatives en design d’interaction et de la theorie socio-culturelle de l’activite, qui met en avant la dimension developpementale et sociale de l’agir. Notre etude a pour objet l’interrelation du developpement des artefacts numeriques et des personnes au sein de la classe de CP. Nous nous appuyons sur les concepts issus de l’approche instrumentale, qui permettent d’etudier les transformations des activites des personnes dans la classe, en considerant l’histoire socialement distribuee de la creation de leurs instruments. Nous concluons sur l’interet de considerer la conception d’artefacts techniques comme un processus continu, situe et distribue.
PIPELINED DECOMPOSABLE BSP

The class of weak parallel machines is interesting, because it contains some realistic parallel machine models, especially suitable for pipelined computations. We prove that a modification of the bulk synchronous parallel (BSP) machine model, called decomposable BSP (dBSP), belongs to the class of weak parallel machines if restricted properly. We will also correct some earlier results about pipelined parallel Turing machines. Mathematics Subject Classification. 68Q05, 68Q10.
Visualisierungsdesign - ein systematischer Überblick

Die Erzeugung von effektiven Visualisierungen ist in starkem Mase kontextabhangig. Verschiedene Einflussfaktoren entscheiden daruber, ob das kommunikative Ziel, das mit der visuellen Reprasentation verbunden ist, auch tatsachlich erreicht werden kann. Die Vielzahl dieser Einflussfaktoren lasst keine geschlossene Losung zu. Deshalb fokussieren die verschiedenen Ansatze auf bestimmte Aspekte und vernachlassigen dagegen andere. In diesem Paper soll eine Systematik entwickelt werden, die diese unterschiedlichen Vorgehensweisen einordnet und bewertet. Auserdem werden 2 spezielle Ansatze vorgestellt, die den Anwender durch eine automatische Empfehlung und Parametrisierung von Visualisierungstechniken unterstutzen.
Comparison of Spheroids Formed by Rat Glioma Stem Cells and Neural Stem Cells Reveals Differences in Glucose Metabolism and Promising Therapeutic Applications*

Background: Cancer stem cells (CSC) are responsible for tumor resistance and relapse. Results: Spheroids formed by CSC and neural stem cells (NSC) were compared by proteomics and functional studies. DCA, a glycolytic modulator, sensitizes CSC but not NSC to apoptosis. Conclusion: DCA can eradicate glioma stem cells. Significance: DCA could be a new efficient anti-CSC treatment in glioma. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be partially responsible for cancer resistance to current therapies and tumor recurrence. Dichloroacetate (DCA), a compound capable of shifting metabolism from glycolysis to glucose oxidation, via an inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase was used. We show that DCA is able to shift the pyruvate metabolism in rat glioma CSCs but has no effect in rat neural stem cells. DCA forces CSCs into oxidative phosphorylation but does not trigger the production of reactive oxygen species and consecutive anti-cancer apoptosis. However, DCA, associated with etoposide or irradiation, induced a Bax-dependent apoptosis in CSCs in vitro and decreased their proliferation in vivo. The former phenomenon is related to DCA-induced Foxo3 and p53 expression, resulting in the overexpression of BH3-only proteins (Bad, Noxa, and Puma), which in turn facilitates Bax-dependent apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that a small drug available for clinical studies potentiates the induction of apoptosis in glioma CSCs.
The Complexities of Self-Tracking - An Inquiry into User Reactions and Goal Attainment

The activity of self-tracking is an emerging trend that often involves adopting wearable technology. Vendors promise new personal insights and opportunities to optimize health and lifestyle by adopting such devices. Spurred by these promises, users are also driven by curiosity and exploration to adopt and use the device with the aim of quantifying the self for the purpose of self-knowledge through numbers. We investigate the interplay of technology, data and the experience of self during the adoption and use of wearable technology as a pre-commitment device. The empirical focus lies on two self-tracking devices, which track moving and sleeping activities on a daily basis. 42 interviews were conducted with users of self-tracking devices. The findings suggest that self-tracking activity through wearable technology does not necessarily lead to behavioural change, but predominately works as a re-focusing device. In this light, the user experiences tensions between rational and emotional behaviours when reflecting on personal data. The results contribute to a more nuanced understanding of adoption of the emerging wearable technology in daily life and how users deal with the personal data by developing coping tactics, such as disregard, procrastination, selective attribution and neglect.
Phylotypic expression of the bHLH genes Neurogenin2, Neurod, and Mash1 in the mouse embryonic forebrain

In the anamniote model animals, zebrafish and Xenopus laevis, highly comparable early forebrain expression patterns of proneural basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) genes relevant for neurogenesis (atonal homologs, i.e., neurogenins/NeuroD and achaete‐scute homologs, i.e., Ascl/ash) were previously revealed during a particular period of development (zebrafish: 3 days; frog: stage 48). Neurogenins/NeuroD on the one hand and Ascl1/ash1 on the other hand exhibit essentially mutually exclusive spatial patterns, probably reflecting different positional information received within the neural tube, and appear to underlie glutamatergic versus GABAergic neuronal differentiation, respectively. Significant data suggest that similar complementary localizations of these proneural genes and corresponding differentiation pathways also exist in the mouse, the prominent mammalian model. The present article reports on detailed mouse brain bHLH gene expression patterns to fill existing gaps in the identification of expression domains, especially outside the telencephalon. Clearly, there are strong similarities in the complementarity of territories expressing Ascl1/Mash 1 versus neurogenins/NeuroD in the entire mouse forebrain, except for the pretectal alar plate and basal plate of prosomeres 1–3. The analysis substantiates localization of neurogenins/NeuroD in the pallium, eminentia thalami, and dorsal thalamus, and expression of Ascl1/Mash 1 in the striatal and septal subpallium, preoptic region, ventral thalamus, and hypothalamus, which is highly similar to the situation described in Xenopus and zebrafish. Thus, all three vertebrate model species display a “phylotypic stage or period” corresponding to a temporally and spatially defined control of neurogenesis during forebrain development, ultimately resulting in the differentiation of distinct populations of glutamatergic versus GABAergic neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:851–871, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The therapeutic phase I trial of the recombinant native HIV-1 Tat protein

The native HIV-1 Tat protein was chosen as a vaccine candidate based on its key role in the virus life cycle and on the correlation of Tat-specific immune responses with the asymptomatic stage and lower disease progression rates, but also due to its sequence conservation amongst the various HIV clades as well as the adjuvant effects on dendritic cells. Safety, immunogenicity and efficacy data in monkeys support the development of this vaccine concept.
The effects of maternal hypercortisonism and hypervitaminosis D2 on fetal osteogenesis and ossification in rats.

Pregnant rats were treated daily with intramuscular injections of 5 or 10 mg cortisone acetate dissolved in 0.5 ml normal saline, or orally with 20,000 IU vitamin D2 dissolved in 0.5 ml olive oil, or both. Controls received olive oil and normal saline, or vitamin D2. Treatment was from day 8 or 10 of gestation until the animals were killed on day 18, 20, or 22. The higher dose of cortisone shortened the diaphyses and epiphyses of long bones. Concomitant administration of vitamin D2 caused further bone shortening and hypomineralization. The main microscopic alterations in the fetal bones of cortisone-treated rats were changes in cartilaginous intercellular substance, narrowing of the hypertrophic and calcifying cartilage cell layer, and inhibition of endochondral ossification. Bone trabeculae were very wide and irregular. The bone matrix had abnormal staining properties. Bone marrow spaces were obliterated and contained a very large number of fibroblasts, preosteoblasts, and osteoclasts. The number of osteoclasts was further increased by treatment with vitamin D2. It is presumed that cortisone passed through the placenta and affected fetal bones, causing the microscopic changes. Concomitant administration of vitamin D2 potentiated the effects of cortisone on bone, and also produced certain specific changes.
Three-dimensional modeling of the P. falciparum genome during the erythrocytic cycle reveals a strong connection between genome architecture and gene expression

The development of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is controlled by coordinated changes in gene expression throughout its complex life cycle, but the corresponding regulatory mechanisms are incompletely understood. To study the relationship between genome architecture and gene regulation in Plasmodium, we assayed the genome architecture of P. falciparum at three time points during its erythrocytic (asexual) cycle. Using chromosome conformation capture coupled with next-generation sequencing technology (Hi-C), we obtained high-resolution chromosomal contact maps, which we then used to construct a consensus three-dimensional genome structure for each time point. We observed strong clustering of centromeres, telomeres, ribosomal DNA, and virulence genes, resulting in a complex architecture that cannot be explained by a simple volume exclusion model. Internal virulence gene clusters exhibit domain-like structures in contact maps, suggesting that they play an important role in the genome architecture. Midway during the erythrocytic cycle, at the highly transcriptionally active trophozoite stage, the genome adopts a more open chromatin structure with increased chromosomal intermingling. In addition, we observed reduced expression of genes located in spatial proximity to the repressive subtelomeric center, and colocalization of distinct groups of parasite-specific genes with coordinated expression profiles. Overall, our results are indicative of a strong association between the P. falciparum spatial genome organization and gene expression. Understanding the molecular processes involved in genome conformation dynamics could contribute to the discovery of novel antimalarial strategies.
Addressing missing data in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs): implications for comparing provider performance

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are now routinely collected in the English National Health Service (NHS) and used to compare and reward hospital performance within a high-powered pay-for-performance scheme. However, PROMs are prone to missing data. For example, hospitals often fail to administer the pre-operative questionnaire at hospital admission, or patients may refuse to participate or fail to return their post-operative questionnaire. A key concern with missing PROMs is that the individuals with complete information tend to be an unrepresentative sample of patients within each provider, and inferences based on the complete cases will be misleading. This study proposes a strategy for addressing missing data in the English PROMs survey using multiple imputation techniques, and investigates its impact on assessing provider performance. We find that inferences about relative provider performance are sensitive to the assumptions made about the reasons for the missing data.
Verstehen natürlicher Sprache für den Mensch-Maschine-Dialog

In diesem Beitrag wird ein System zum automatischen Verstehen sowie zum automatischen Übersetzen natürlicher, gesprochener Sprache beschrieben. Das Kernstück ist hierbei ein semantischer Decoder, welcher aus einem vorverarbeiteten Sprachsignal mit einer stochastischen maximum-a-posteriori Klassifikation unmittelbar eine semantische Darstellung bestimmt. Dabei wird akustisches, phonetisches, syntaktisches und semantisches Wissen gleichermaßen herangezogen. Ein separater Spracherkenner (Umwandlung des Sprachsignals in eine Wortkette) ist aufgrund der Integration des bewährten Viterbi-Algorithmus` und eines probabilistischen Chart-Parsers nicht notwendig! Des weiteren wird die semantische Gliederung als Repräsentation der Bedeutung einer Äußerung dargestellt. Sie kann sowohl innerhalb eines sprachverstehenden Systems als Zwischenebene für einen nachfolgenden Intentionsdecoder als auch innerhalb eines sprachübersetzenden Systems als Interlingua-Ebene für eine nachfolgende Sprachproduktion eingesetzt werden. Mit den entwickelten Algorithmen wurden bisher sprachverstehende und sprachübersetzende Schnittstellen für die Domänen „Grafikeditor“, „Serviceroboter“, „medizinische Bildverarbeitung“ und „Terminvereinbarung“ implementiert.
Enhancing Security and Usability for Bluetooth Discovery and Pairing

Over the past several years, Bluetooth technology, and Bluetooth enabled devices specifically, have become a large part of the mobile device landscape. With Bluetooth, users are able to perform tasks such as connecting mobile phones to wireless headsets, connecting computers to printers, and sending images from one mobile device to another. This is all done wirelessly and with the click of a few buttons. The benefits of Bluetooth are undeniable, but so are the security concerns associated with the technology. Many of these concerns, we argue, are the result of weak specifications and implementations with regard to mobile device discovery. We suggest two possible enhancements to the current Bluetooth device discovery process: implementing White List functionality, and the ability to pass Bluetooth tokens with text messages. These enhancements would provide greater security, with the added benefit of increased usability, with regard to device discovery. In addition, we suggest enhancements to certain aspects of the current Bluetooth specification, which will ultimately lead to more secure implementations by mobile device vendors, enhancing the overall security of the Bluetooth specification.
[Hemodynamic changes during head-up tilt test and predictive value thereof in predicting the efficacy of metoprolol therapy in children with vasovagal syncope].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the value of hemodynamic changes during head-up tilt (HUT) test and predictive value thereof in evaluating the efficacy of metoprolol therapy in children with vasovagal syncope (VSS). METHODS Twenty-six consecutive children with history of VSS diagnosed by head-up tilt (HUT) or sublingual nitroglycerin potentiated head-up tilt (SNHUT), who were treated with metoprolol for 6 approximately 12 months and followed up for (18 +/- 9) months (12 approximately 36 months), were divided into two groups according to effect of metoprolol: effective treatment group (n = 16, aged 12 +/- 2) without VSS recurrence during treatment and fellow-up, and futile treatment group (n = 10, aged 12 +/- 3). The heart rate changes during HUT or SNHUT were evaluated between the two groups. RESULTS There were no significant differences between these 2 groups with regard to the demographic and clinical characteristics including age, gender, history, syncope spells, follow-up time and heart rate, mean blood pressure in supine position and during positive response. For example, the baseline heart rate of the effective treatment group was 81 +/- 12 beats/min, not significantly different from that of the futile treatment group (78 +/- 8 beats/min, P = 0.804). However, during tilt test 16 of the 26 patients in the effective treatment group showed tachycardia before positive response, with the mean heart rate of (123 +/- 15) beats/min, whereas all 10 patients in the futile group did not have tachycardia before positive response, with the mean heart rate of (96 +/- 17) beats/min. If an increase of 30 beats/min was taken as a borderline in heart rate during positive response in HUT compared with that of baseline value, in respect of predicting the metoprolol efficacy in the treatment of VVS, the sensitivity was 81% (13/16), the specificity was 80% (8/10), and the diagnostic value was 81% (21/26). CONCLUSION A marked increase in heart rate in HUT or SNHUT is a better predictor of metoprolol efficacy in the treatment of children with VVS.