Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pathologic Characteristics and Treatment Outcome of Patients with Malignant Brain Tumors: A Single Institutional Experience from Iran

Background : Central nervous system tumors account for 2%-5% of all malignancies in humans. These tumors account for 2% of all pediatric cancers. The worldwide incidence of primary central nervous system tumors is estimated at 3.9 (males) and 3.2 (females) per 100000 person-years. The incidence of brain tumor cases has been reported as 3.67% of all malignancies and 4% of all cancer mortalities in Iran. The five most common histological types of brain tumor in Iran according to different case studies are; meningioma, astrocytoma, glioblastoma, pituitary adenoma and ependymoma. The aim of this study is to determine the histopathological pattern and characteristics of patients with brain tumors who have referred to the Mahdieh Radiotherapy Department, Hamadan, Iran. Methods : This descriptive, retrospective study was performed at the Mahdieh Radiotherapy Department, between 2005 and 2012. We included 220 patients who referred to the Radiotherapy Department with diagnoses of primary brain tumor in this study. Results : Between 2005 and 2012, we treated 220 new cases of primary brain tumor at Mahdieh Radiotherapy Department. The mean age at diagnosis was 39.95±15.48 years with a median age of 39 years. Patients' ages ranged from 4 to 75 years. Among the 220 patients, 138 were male and 82 were female with a male to female ratio of 1.68. For most tumors there was a male predominance, with the exception of meningioma (M/F: 0.23), ependymoma (M/F: 1) and pituitary adenoma (M/F: 0.6). Astrocytomas, glioblastomas, high grade meningiomas and oligodendrogliomas were the four most common pathologies treated in this department. The best treatment results were achieved in patients with astrocytomas. Conclusion : The present study is a retrospective radiotherapy centre-based study designed in a pioneer radiotherapy centre in Western Iran, not a prospective population study. These data have provided a baseline for further epidemiological studies. Our encouraging results in radiotherapy treatment of primary malignant tumors clearly highlight the benefits of definitive or postoperative radiation.
An anthropomorphic soft skeleton hand exploiting conditional models for piano playing

Conditional models provide a method of achieving varying behaviors by using hybrid and passive mechanical structures. The development of robotic manipulators and hands that show dexterity, adaptability, and subtle behavior comparable to human hands is an unsolved research challenge. In this article, we considered the passive dynamics of mechanically complex systems, such as a skeleton hand, as an approach to improving adaptability, dexterity, and richness of behavioral diversity of such robotic manipulators. With the use of state-of-the-art multimaterial three-dimensional printing technologies, it is possible to design and construct complex passive structures, namely, a complex anthropomorphic skeleton hand that shows anisotropic mechanical stiffness. We introduce a concept, termed the “conditional model,” that exploits the anisotropic stiffness of complex soft-rigid hybrid systems. In this approach, the physical configuration, environment conditions, and conditional actuation (applied actuation) resulted in an observable conditional model, allowing joint actuation through passivity-based dynamic interactions. The conditional model approach allowed the physical configuration and actuation to be altered, enabling a single skeleton hand to perform three different phrases of piano music with varying styles and forms and facilitating improved dynamic behaviors and interactions with the piano over those achievable with a rigid end effector.
Single-component quasicrystalline nanocrystal superlattices through flexible polygon tiling rule

Quantum dots line up as a quasicrystal Quasicrystals have rotational symmetry but no long-range order. Although several materials have quasicrystalline order, examples of quasicrystalline superlattices formed from different types of particles are rare. Nagaoka et al. discovered a type of 10-fold quasicrystalline superlattice formed from truncated tetrahedral quantum dots (see the Perspective by Wu and Sun). The order is driven by a “flexible polygon tiling rule,” which explains the unique arrangement of the quantum dots. Science, this issue p. 1396; see also p. 1354 Truncated tetrahedral quantum dots with anisotropic surfaces can form 10-fold coordinated quasicrystalline superlattices. Quasicrystalline superlattices (QC-SLs) generated from single-component colloidal building blocks have been predicted by computer simulations but are challenging to reproduce experimentally. We discovered that 10-fold QC-SLs could self-organize from truncated tetrahedral quantum dots with anisotropic patchiness. Transmission electron microscopy and tomography measurements allow structural reconstruction of the QC-SL from the nanoscale packing to the atomic-scale orientation alignments. The unique QC order leads to a tiling concept, the “flexible polygon tiling rule,” that replicates the experimental observations. The keys for the single-component QC-SL formation were identified to be the anisotropic shape and patchiness of the building blocks and the assembly microscopic environment. Our discovery may spur the creation of various superstructures using anisotropic objects through an enthalpy-driven route.
Photorealistic Computer Graphics Identifying Algorithm based on Edge Detection

As for the problem the image can be generated by computer software, so that we cannot recognize the authenticity of these images using our eyes. In this paper by analyzing the differences between photorealistic computer graphics and natural image on image texture, we put forward a photorealistic computer graphics identifying algorithm based on edge detection. Image gradient can describe the details of the image and then we extract the feature value according to details of the image. The last we use SVM classifier to classify. The results show that the presented method can not only identify the photorealistic computer graphics and natural image but also have better identification rate.
Projection codes for burst error correction in SSMA networks

The authors consider a multihop packet radio network, i.e., a spread-spectrum multiple-access (SSMA) network. The network by nature of its operation, has collisions, when two or more users share the same frequency bin at a given time. A solution to the collisions is available by introducing error-correcting codes into the transmitted data. A simple projection code which asymptotically approaches Reiger's bound is suggested and analyzed. Unlike the Reed-Solomon code the projection code is not subject to algebraic constraints and can be easily adjusted to any system parameters such as packet size, code rate, number of bits per hop, and modulation alphabet. The code's structure, features, performances, and implementation, and its advantages over other codes are described. <<ETX>>
Effect of Coacervated α-Elastin on Proliferation of Vascular Smooth Muscle and Endothelial Cells

The arterial wall injury associated with arterial graft implantation causes smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in the media to migrate and proliferate in the intima at the graft-artery junction resulting in anastomotic intimal hyperplasia (AIH). An important step in devel oping a small-diameter prosthesis may be to stimulate endothelialization and thereby inhibit AIH. In this study, we investigated the effect of coacervated and crosslinked α-elastin on proliferation of SMCs and endothelial cells (ECs) in vitro. Coacervation is an important step in the conversion of proelastin to make an elastin fiber in vivo. SMCs and ECs were prepared from porcine aortic media and endothelium, respec tively. SMCs and ECs (three to five passages, 4 x 10 4 cells/well) were seeded onto 12 well plates, coated and crosslinked with 0 or 10 mg/mL of coacervated α-elastin. After the 1st, 2nd, or 3rd day of cultivation, proliferation was assayed by scintillation counting of [3H]-thymidine incorporation. For the 4th day only, 0, 0.1, 1, 10 mg/mL concentration of coacervated α-elastin was coated and crosslinked. (continued on next page) SMC proliferation (1st, 2nd day: p<0.005; 3rd, 4th day: p<0.0001) was significantly inhibited over time and dose dependently, eg, 0.1 mg/mL (45.7 ±2.3%: % of control p<0.005), 1 mg/mL (5.9 ±0.7%, p<0.0005), 10 mg/mL (2.8 ±0.4%, p<0.0005). EC proliferation was inhibited over time by 10 mg/mL of coacervated α-elastin (2nd, 3rd day: p<0.005; 4th day: p<0.0001), but proliferation (132.8 ±9.9%: % of control p=NS) was stimulated by 0.1 mg/mL of coacervated α-elastin. These results suggest that coating and crosslinking a coacervated α-elastin into the structure of arterial prosthesis may inhibit AIH and stimulate endothelialization.
Capsaicin in the relief of postherpetic neuralgia.

The effectiveness of topical applications of capsaicin (truns-8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonamide) in relieving pain was studied in 50 patients with a 2-month to 19-year history of postherpetic neuralgia unresponsive, or poorly responsive, to oral analgesics, antidepressants and neuroleptic agents. Of the 43 patients who completed the study, 70% experienced substantial relief of pain. Seven patients discontinued treatment because of a persistent burning sensation localized to the treated area.
An Algorithm for Target Traversing Based on Local Voronoi Diagram

Many sensors nodes are deployed in a region of concern to detect any potential targets. On the contrary, intelligent target looks for the best path to traverse the sensing field for fear of being detected. This paper focuses on how an intelligent target traverses the sensing field. This traversing problem is modeled, and a number of path-finding algorithms are designed, implemented and evaluated. Different from previous works which assume complete information of the sensing field, it is assumed that the target only can detect part of the sensor nodes deployment. This makes the proposed methods more practical and reasonable. Extensive experiments with a target and a sensor network confirm the validity of the approaches.
Activity Levels, Fitness Status, Exercise Knowledge, and Exercise Beliefs among Healthy, Older African American and White Women

This study examined self-reported activity, measured fitness status, exercise knowledge, and exercise beliefs of 48 African American and 51 White females in good health between the ages of 50 and 80 years enrolled in a health promotion project. Examination of fitness status by ethnicity indicated a higher level of fitness among White females. Ethnic differences were found on 2 of 6 exercise belief items and 2 of 3 exercise knowledge questions. A multiple regression analysis found that activity level was predicted by the knowledge question concerning heart rate during exercise necessary to maintain fitness, the belief concerning the difficulty "to stick to a regular schedule of physical activity," and the belief concerning the difficulty "to find the time to exercise on a regular basis. " The findings suggest that health promotion efforts need to determine exercise attitudes and beliefs of older women, provide basic exercise knowledge, and include fitness programs designed specifically for older women.
A multi-network architecture for high generalization in pattern recognition with backpropagation neural network modules

Backpropagation networks are the most popular multi-layer networks, used for either function approximation or pattern classification. They are trained and tested using two disjoint sets of patterns drawn randomly from the pattern space. In many cases, the overtraining phenomenon occurs i.e. the network learns to produce the proper output for the patterns to which it has been trained but it produces meaningless outputs for unforeseen patterns. In this paper, the overtraining phenomenon is analyzed in depth, and an alternative architecture with increased generalization ability is proposed.
NEONATAL SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM BASED ON DATA STREAM TECHNOLOGY

Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive measurement method of an arterial blood oxygen saturation. Pulse oximeter is one of the main bedside monitors used in neonatal units. The dispersed location of medical devices in such unit renders impossible to make a fast and valid decision in the case of simultaneous alarming situation. This paper present hardware and software structure of centralised neonatal monitoring system. Presented system can work as a single central station for monitoring of up to twenty four patients. Application of central monitoring system decreases the risk of undetected patients live and health threats. Thanks to this system the medical stuff is less burdened by routine procedures; therefore the medical unit is perceived as child- and mother-friendly.
Two Cases of Polypoid Endometriosis: An Uncommon Variant of Endometriosis

We report two cases of polypoid endometriosis: a 39-year-old woman with menorrhagia and pelvic pain whose ultrasound revealed an intrauterine cystic polypoid mass measuring 4.5 cm which was removed by hysteroscopy, and a 35-year-old woman with menorrhagia whose ultrasound showed a 3.5 cm cystic lesion where resection was not possible by hysteroscopy, and the patient underwent hysterectomy. In both, the histological examination confirmed polypoid endometriosis. Polypoid endometriosis is a rare entity that can be found in several places. Here, two cases of polypoid endometriosis in cervical mucosa are described. J Med Cases. 2015;6(1):46-49 doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.14740/jmc2021w
Artificial Oxygen Carriers – a Critical Analysis

During the last years there were new developments in the field of artificial oxygen carriers. Two products which had been in clinical studies were taken off the market. Clinical trials of one further product were halted in January 2001. On the other side two products have filed for approval, and Hemopure™? (Biopure, Cambridge, MA, USA), a bovine, polymerized hemoglobin, gained approval in April 2001 in South Africa. Besides the products in clinical studies, there are also new hemoglobinbased oxygen carriers in preclinical testing. Due to binding of NO donators as well as increase of viscosity and molecular size they should possess reduced vasoactivity and reduced gastrointestinal effects. This article gives an overview of clinical studies, new developments, and side effects such as antigenicity, hemoglobin-endotoxin interactions and vasoactivity.
Teaching Goodness: Engaging the Moral and Academic Promise of Young Children

Every chapter concludes with â Commentary. â Introduction. 1. Setting Up, Getting Started. The physical setting. Selecting the theme. Introducing the themesâ The hero, the princess, the bear. 2. Hercules and Heroes. Defining a hero. Selecting a hero at Halloween. Expanding notions of the heroic. Heroes in art and sculpture. Hero training. Heroes of India. 3. The Princess and Good Qualities. Preparing for the princess' visit. Practicing good qualities. Building castles and homes. The play and good qualities. Appreciating nature. 4. The Bear and Respect and Responsibility. Defining respect. The ABC of artists. An etiquette book for Isaac bear. Respect training. Practicing responsibility. The art show. 5. Commonwealth Foundations: Setting the Tone. Engaging children's interest. Cultivating sensitivity to the commonwealth. Reflecting on the meaning of action. 6. Commonwealth Foundations: Maintaining the Tone. Maintaining interest. Enhancing commonwealth connections. Furthering reflection. 7. Commonwealth Foundations: Restoring the Tone. Re-engaging interest. Deepening commonwealth connections. Providing spaces for reflection. 8. Questions and Answers. Responses to seven most frequently asked questions.
An effective communication architecture for collaborative virtual systems

In collaborative virtual environment (CVE) systems, participants can freely join and share a virtual environment and do some collaborative works synchronously. And network communication architecture is very important for CVE systems to realize scalability, minimized delay and reliability. In this paper, the communication of CVE systems is categorized in three types: state update, command and event. Furthermore, this paper introduces the collaboration requests and interactive stream in CVE systems. Based on these introductions, a communication architecture for collaborative virtual environment systems is described. This architecture uses updatable queue abstraction in application layer to do message obsolescence and uses interactive stream transport protocol in transport layer to achieve efficient transmission of messages among a large number of participants.
Rational behavior Model: A Tri-Level Multiple Paradigm Architecture for Robot Vehicle Control Software

Abstract : Computer control of robot vehicles of operation in unstructured environment typically involves both symbolic reasoning and numerical computation. Based on earlier experiences of the authors and others, this paper proposes a three level architecture for control software for such vehicles. From the top down, the three levels are called the strategic level, the tactical level, and the execution level. This paper argues that a multiple paradigm multi-lingual approach facilitates the realization of such a scheme with logic programming, object-oriented/functional programming, and imperative programming respectively being used in the successive levels. Experiments are reported in which Prolog is used at the strategic level, Lisp or C++ at the tactical level, and Pascal or C at the execution level. Experience with control of a large six legged walking machine and an autonomous submarine has led the authors to the belief that the proposed software architecture greatly facilitates the development and utilization of such vehicles through the isolation of a concise operational doctrine expressed horn clause form at the strategic level of control.
Introduction to Game Development

Based on the most recent curriculum guidelines of the IGDA, updated in 2008, "Introduction to Game Development, Second Edition" surveys all aspects of the theory and practice of game development, design, and production. Divided into seven independent parts: Critical Game Studies, Game Design, Game Programming (Languages and Architecture), Game Programming Mathematics, Collision Detection, and Physics), Game Programming (Graphics, Animation, Artificial Intelligence, Audio, and Networking), Audio Visual Design and Production, and Game Production and the Business of Games, it features contributions from twenty seven of the leading game developers, programmers, and designers. A must-have resource for anyone looking to understand the entire game development process, the accompanying CD-ROM includes tutorials, animations, images, demos, source code, and PowerPoint lecture slides that reinforce the concepts presented in the book. Benefits: Fully revised to match the current curriculum guidelines created by the IGDA and for current technology. Includes contributions from numerous game industry leaders. The accompany CD-ROM features all source code and images used in the book as wel as tutorials and slides to reinforce concepts learned.
Reliability-metric varieties and their relationships

Although reliability theory is based on the concept of failures, the definition of a failure may be very different from different perspectives. To a hardware engineer, a failure means a part replacement and verification of the failure. To a manufacturing repair depot, a failure is a returned part. To the finance department, a failure is a warranty claim. To a service organization, a failure is a service call for corrective maintenance (as opposed to planned or preventive maintenance). To a customer, a failure is a degradation of service or capability of the product. These various definitions of failure lead to various types of reliability metrics, such as part replacement rate or service call rate, in addition to the classic reliability metrics such as constant failure rate. This paper describes many types of reliability metrics and their interrelationships, both in theory and in practice. For the practical metric relationships, we draw from our experience with many reliability metrics at the Tandem Business Unit of the Compaq Computer Corporation. Our main conclusions are: the classical engineering view of failures is not sufficient for customer satisfaction with reliability in our market; multiple reliability metrics need to be tracked to satisfy the needs of various organizations; and many different functional groups must work together to ensure customer satisfaction with reliability.
University students’ attitudes towards disability and their views on discrimination

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the attitudes displayed by students without disabilities studying in Dokuz Eylul University towards people with disabilities, and their perceptions and observations regarding the types of discrimination faced by students with disabilities. Methods: The study was conducted with 1766 students attending faculty of education and faculty of health. The study data were collected using the ‘Attitudes Towards Disabled Persons’ (ATDP) Scale and a questionnaire prepared using the ‘discrimination based on disability’. Results: Of the students, 62.6% agreed with the statement ‘In Turkey, people with disabilities are discriminated against more than other members of society. ’ Approximately 50% of the students participating in this study believed that discrimination against people with disabilities in Turkey at present was less than it was 10 years ago. The majority of the students were not knowledgeable about ‘legislative regulations regarding people with disabilities and did not know that “Discrimination against people with disabilities is a crime under the Turkish Penal Code. ”’ The students obtained moderate scores on the ATDP. Male students, low-income students, and students from villages achieved higher scores in terms of their attitudes towards disability than did the others. Conclusion: Although the majority of the participants acknowledged the existence of discrimination against people with disabilities, they thought that other types of discrimination were more common.
The Uncertainty in Physical Measurements: An Introduction to Data Analysis in the Physics Laboratory

The book targets scientists and researchers focused on experimentation in the fields of physics, chemistry and engineering, as well as graduate-level students studying these sciences in an applied way. The central point is the uncertainty in measurements: what are the causes of uncertainty and how do we deal with it? The possible causes of uncertainty are at first phenomenologically explored, leading to understand the necessity of a formal treatment based on probability theory and statistical tools. The basics of probability and statistics are then introduced, in order to support the most relevant data analysis procedures, which are introduced in the last part of the book: uncertainty in indirect measurements, least squares fits, chi square test, confidence intervals. The pedagogical goal is to introduce the treatment of uncertainty in a phenomenological way, based on examples taken from laboratory experience and distinguishing the different causes of uncertainty (there is more than just random errors and gaussian distributions to consider in laboratory practice). This approach naturally leads to the idea of limiting distributions and the necessity of a probabilistic treatment. Only then is probability theory introduced in a formal way (Part 2) and data analysis procedures are developed on the basis of probability and statistics (Part 3). Examples taken from laboratory experience facilitate the understanding of the concepts of Part 2 and 3. Some heavy demonstrations and some mathematical complements are grouped in one Appendix, to facilitate the smooth reading of the main chapters.