Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FBG Sensörlerin Yüzey Uygulamalarında Kullanılan Sabitleme Elemanlarının İncelenmesi ve Özgün Bir Tasarımın Geliştirilmesi

Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors continue to be used and developed intensively in recent years due to their advantages such as being small, lightweight, having high sensitivity and not being affected by electromagnetic interference. Directly strain and temperature; indirectly physical parameters such as pressure, displacement, vibration and acceleration can be measured. In order to obtain strain and temperature parameters, FBG sensors must be connected with the material that will be measured. Generally, this connection is provided using two methods. One of these is fixing to the surface, the other is embedding in the material. One of the surface fixing methods is to use fixing element (carrier, mounting kit, packaging, etc.). The fixing element provides some advantages such as easy installation of the sensor, protection from external environments and increased sensitivity. In this study, the measurement accuracy, fixing size, material type and fixing type of different FBG sensor fixing elements are examined and compared. A novel fixing element has been designed and verified by the Finite Element Method (FEM).
Morphology and properties of polypyrrole/cyclodextrin nanowires using molecular templates

PPy/CDs nanowires were synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of cyclodextrins as molecular template material. PPy/α-CD displays individually addressable micrometer-long wires that are ca. 200 nm in width. α-CD is the best option as template for preparing PPy/CD nanowire material. The FT-IR spectra and wide-angle X-ray diffraction pattern showed that the pyrrole–cyclodextrin (Py-CD) inclusions are presented in the polypyrrole (PPy) chains. The elemental analysis suggests that the molar ratio of α-CD to pyrrole is 1:5 and β-CD to pyrrole is 1:24. Owing to the discontinuous presence of Py-CD inclusions, the conductive behavior, morphology, and thermal stability of the polypseudorotaxanes are greatly different from the pure PPy.
Analysis of Carotenoids Using LC-MS-MS with Ion Mobility Spectrometry and Photoionization

Carotenoids are naturally occurring fat-soluble pigments found principally in bacteria and plants including edible plants. Because of their extensively conjugated carbon-carbon double bond system, carotenoids are potent antioxidants. The most abundant carotenoid and best singlet oxygen quencher found in red tomatoes is lycopene. Using lycopene as a potential dietary chemopreventive agent, a four-arm randomized, placebo-controlled, and double-blind phase II clinical intervention trial was carried out at the University of Illinois at Chicago. In the investigation, it was found that lycopene supplements at either 30 mg/d or 60 mg/d lycopene for 21 d were well tolerated by healthy men enrolled to the two lycopene intervention arms. Similar increases in serum levels of lycopene were observed in both treatment groups during this intervention study. However, stronger effects were observed for the two antioxidant biomarkers (urinary 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine and 8-iso-prostaglandin-F2) with the high dose intervention arm compared with its placebo control. Even though significant progress has been made in analyzing carotenoids, there is a continuing demand for more efficient and more sensitive analytical methods. Technologies that have seldom been applied to carotenoid analysis including ion mobility spectrometry and photoionization mass spectrometry were explored for their potential utility in this area. The use of LC-IM-tandem mass spectrometry helped confirm that in-source isomerization of lycopene, β-carotene, lutein, and zeaxanthin occurred during positive ion electrospray. This in-source isomerization was found to be temperature dependent. After separation using IM, the cis and all-trans isomers of lycopene, β-carotene, lutein, and zeaxanthin were shown by MS-MS with CID to produce unique fragmentation patterns that could be used to distinguish them. Atmospheric pressure photoionization is a mass spectrometric ionization technique that is new in carotenoid analysis. In the study, we first reported that carotenoids can be ionized during negative ion APPI. It was also suggested that dopants were essential for the formation of positive carotenoid ions as well as negative ions during APPI. Among the dopants evaluated, methyl-tert-butyl ether was found to be particularly effective towards the photoionization of carotenoids during negative ion APPI. As for positive ion APPI, the dopants anisole and chlorobenzene were the most effective.
Modelo ontosemiótico de referencia de la proporcionalidad. Implicaciones para la planificación curricular en primaria y secundaria

El diseno curricular de un contenido matematico en los diversos niveles educativos requiere considerar la diversidad de significados y su articulacion progresiva, atendiendo a los grados de generalidad y formalizacion. En este trabajo se analizan los diversos significados de la proporcionalidad aplicando herramientas teoricas del Enfoque Ontosemiotico. En particular, tratamos la interpretacion del significado en terminos de sistemas de practicas operativas y discursivas relativas a la resolucion de tipos de problemas y el modelo de niveles de algebrizacion de la actividad matematica. De acuerdo con investigaciones previas se identifican tipos de situaciones-problemas y configuraciones de practicas, objetos y procesos que permiten identificar significados parciales (intuitivo, aritmetico, protoalgebraico y algebraico) que deben ser tenidos en cuenta en la planificacion y gestion de los procesos de ensenanza y aprendizaje de la proporcionalidad en educacion primaria y secundaria.
Preparation and Characterization of Hybrid Membranes based on Nafion (R) using Partially Sulfonated Inorganic Fillers

This work reports the preparation and characterization of inorganic hybrid membranes cast from solutions of perflouorinated sulfocationic ionomers (Nafion® 117) containing 10 wt % dispersed inorganic fillers. Silica gel, SBA-15 and sepiolite, all of them partially functionalized with sulfonic acid groups, were used as fillers. Fillers slightly reduce the water uptake without altering the ion-exchange capacity of the membrane composites. FTIR and DMTA analysis techniques suggest that filler-polymer matrix interactions are stronger with sepiolite than with the other fillers. The fillers used enhance the mechanical properties of the membranes, but they negatively affect the thermal stability of the composites. The permeability coefficient of oxygen in Nafion® and Nafion®-sepolite membranes is similar, and it is slightly lower in the others. The conductivity of the hybrid membranes equilibrated with water, measured at 80o C by impedance spectroscopy, is 4.0, 6.0 and 6.3 S/m for the hybrid membranes containing functionalized Silica gel, SBA-15 and Sepiolite fillers, respectively, somewhat lower than that found for the Nafion® 117 membrane, 5.9 S/m, measured in the same conditions.
Equivalent Thermal Conductivity Estimation for Compact Electromagnetic Windings

This paper presents a new estimation method for the equivalent thermal conductivities of the compact slot windings formed from round conductors. The estimation accuracy of thermal conductivities is essential for peak temperature prediction to avoid overheating failures in the high power density electromagnetic devices. The compact windings with orderly wound conductors perform better on heat dissipation and take smaller slot space than the random wound types. In recent years, the winding technology has made great improvement, and the compactness of conductors is significantly elevated. After observing the cross section of the windings, the randomness of the wire's layout is greatly reduced and a certain regularity is shown. The proposed estimation method takes the geometric characteristics of the internal structure into account to improve the estimation accuracy of the traditional methods, which use the proportion of each material only. Considering the layout of conductors is not completely regular, the impact of the dislocation between conductors is explored. Then, the conclusion is used to modify the analytical result. The experimental test result shows that the proposed theoretical method is easy to apply and meanwhile performs satisfactory in terms of high accuracy and low computation.
Interactions of methane and carbon monoxide with platinum - Supported catalysts and chemical sensors

This thesis aims at increasing the understanding of the interactions of methane and carbon monoxide with platinum in connection to catalysis and sensor technology for emission control. Specifically, the low-temperature oxidation of methane and carbon monoxide over supported platinum catalysts and the sensor response mechanism towards CO of platinum-based chemical field effect sensors were studied. Flow-reactor experiments and in situ spectroscopic methods (mainly FTIR and energy dispersive XAS) in combination with mass spectrometry were employed at both steady-state and transient reaction conditions. The results show that the support material for platinum has a considerable impact on the low-temperature activity for oxidation of both CO and methane in oxygen excess. Under such conditions methane oxidation over platinum is generally low due to oxygen-poisoning, hindering the dissociative adsorption of methane. However, by employing transient operation of the feed-gas composition, the activity for methane oxidation can be substantially increased. A new method was developed and applied for analysis of in situ XAS spectra. It was found that transient operation of the feed-gas affects the surface composition of reactants and the state of the catalyst surface. At low temperatures, the CO oxidation reaction often suffers from self-poisoning by carbon monoxide. By supplying oxygen to the reaction through alternative routes, e.g. via additional compounds or via the support material, the low-temperature activity for CO oxidation can be significantly increased. Further, the CO coverage and the reduction of oxygen from the surface of platinum-based field effect sensors were found to be important factors in the sensing mechanism towards carbon monoxide of such devices.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoscaled Cerium (IV) Oxide via a Solid‐State Mechanochemical Method

Solid-state reactions have the potential for direct preparation of ceramic powders and offer a low-temperature and low-cost alternative to conventional techniques for production of oxide powders. This paper describes a simple and effective mechanochemical method based on solid-state reactions during ball milling for synthesis of nanoscaled ceria (CeO2) particles. By using an organic base instead of an inorganic base, metal-ion-free nanoscaled CeO2 can also be made. The effects of annealing temperature on particle sizes and lattice strain are investigated. The results show that the average particle sizes of the particles increases and the average crystal lattice distortion decreases with the annealing temperature. Transmission electron microscopy examinations demonstrate that the CeO2 particles synthesised by this method are near-spherical shaped.
Is Price Level Targeting a Robust Monetary Rule

We study the design of monetary policy rules robust to model uncertainty across a set of well-established DSGE models with varied financial frictions. In our novel forward-looking approach, policymakers weight models based on relative forecasting performance. We find that models with frictions between households and banks forecast best during periods of financial turmoil while those with frictions between banks and firms perform best during tranquil periods. However, a model without financial frictions outperforms all models on average. The optimal robust policy is close to a price-level rule which is key when facing uncertainty over the nature of financial frictions.
Spline-Based Trajectory Generation for CNC Machines

Manufacturing of workpieces with computerized numerical control machines requires computing machine tool trajectories that fast and accurately track the desired workpiece contour. This paper presents a novel B-spline trajectory generation method for machine tools. The method solves an optimal control problem to minimize the motion time of the tool, while taking into account the velocity, acceleration, and jerk limits of the tool axes. Furthermore, it directly includes the allowed workpiece tolerance, by constraining the trajectory to lie inside a tube around the nominal geometry contour. This allows exploring the tradeoff between accuracy and productivity, while computing near-optimal trajectories. The presented method creates fluent connections between segments that build up the contour by simultaneously optimizing trajectories for multiple segments. On the other hand, limiting the amount of simultaneously optimized segments and using an efficient problem formulation keeps the computation time acceptable. The trajectory generation method is validated in simulation by comparison with industrial benchmarks, showing a reduction in machining time of more than ${\text{10}}\%$. The comparison to a state-of-the-art corner smoothing approach shows that the presented method obtains similar or slightly faster trajectories, at a computation time that is up to 45 times lower. In addition, the method is validated experimentally on a three-axis micromilling machine. To easily generate trajectories for different workpieces and machines, the method is included in a user-friendly open-source software toolbox.
Design and Implementation of Fully Integrated Automation Scheme Based on Heterogeneous Field-bus Network

In view of the current situation of coexistence of various fieldbus protocols, the paper presents an totally integrated automation scheme based on Ethernet. The Ethernet technology can integrate the information of different field devices in the enterprise, and realize the unified data management, communication, programming and configuration. The paper systematically expounds the concept of totally integrated automation, realize totally integrated automation scheme based on Ethernet communication technology by designing protocol conversion gateway and applying to serial server. The solution is very suitable for information integration in enterprise, as the information exchange is realized at the device level, and the hardware design costs low.
Bayesian Models of Conceptual Development: Learning as Building Models of the World

A Bayesian framework helps address, in computational terms, what knowledge children start with and how they construct and adapt models of the world during childhood. Within this framework, inference over hierarchies of probabilistic generative programs in particular offers a normative and descriptive account of children's model building. We consider two classic settings in which cognitive development has been framed as model building: ( a) core knowledge in infancy and ( b) the child as scientist. We interpret learning in both of these settings as resource-constrained, hierarchical Bayesian program induction with different primitives and constraints. We examine what mechanisms children could use to meet the algorithmic challenges of navigating large spaces of potential models, in particular the proposal of the child as hacker and how it might be realized by drawing on recent computational advances. We also discuss prospects for a unifying account of model building across scientific theories and intuitive theories, and in biological and cultural evolution more generally.
Light Attenuation Display: Subtractive See-Through Near-Eye Display via Spatial Color Filtering

We present a display for optical see-through near-eye displays based on light attenuation, a new paradigm that forms images by spatially subtracting colors of light. Existing optical see-through head-mounted displays (OST-HMDs) form virtual images in an additive manner—they optically combine the light from an embedded light source such as a microdisplay into the users' field of view (FoV). Instead, our light attenuation display filters the color of the real background light pixel-wise in the users' see-through view, resulting in an image as a spatial color filter. Our image formation is complementary to existing light-additive OST-HMDs. The core optical component in our system is a phase-only spatial light modulator (PSLM), a liquid crystal module that can control the phase of the light in each pixel. By combining PSLMs with polarization optics, our system realizes a spatially programmable color filter. In this paper, we introduce our optics design, evaluate the spatial color filter, consider applications including image rendering and FoV color control, and discuss the limitations of the current prototype.
The effects of hand-stripping on some epidermal mucus immune parameters in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Fish epidermis functions as the first defense barrier against physical, chemical, and biological stressors. However, the effects of hand-stripping on fish mucosal immune responses have been hardly investigated. The present study investigated the effects of stripping procedures on skin mucosal immune responses of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) breeders. The skin mucus was sampled from six male and six female trout before and one week after the stripping handling. The results showed that stripping had significant effect on all parameters except protease activity, but gender had a significant effect only on the mucosal protease and alkaline phosphatase activity. The results did not show any effect of the interaction between stripping and gender on mucosal lysozyme activity. The data revealed that enzymatic activities of alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme, esterase, as well as the total immunoglobulin level and bactericidal activity were significantly reduced in the skin mucus of fish one week after the stripping. The reduction of immune parameters in the skin mucus could be related to immunosuppression caused by stripping stress which, in turn, might have made the fish more susceptible to microbial infections and diseases. Therefore, care should be taken during stripping to minimize the manipulation stress.
Challenges Contributing to Loss to Follow-up as Experienced by Glaucoma Patients in the Vhembe District of Limpopo Province, South Africa

Glaucoma is a group of chronic diseases of the optic nerve that, if not managed effectively, could lead to blindness of many people worldwide. Non-adherence to medical treatments typically lead to burdensome consequences such as progressive visual loss and disabilities. Fortunately, literature reveals that with timed appropriate treatment, such blindness can be prevented. Thus, patients’ adherence to follow-up plays an important role in maintaining vision. However, glaucoma patients in Vhembe District still miss their follow-up appointments.
Magnetic Characterization of Soft Magnetic Cores at Cryogenic Temperatures

It is important to investigate and understand the magnetic properties of soft magnetic materials at cryogenic temperatures for the optimal design of superconducting machines and superconducting transformers. The magnetic properties of soft magnetic materials at room temperatures have been studied extensively. However, there is almost no information available for the magnetic properties of these materials at cryogenic temperatures. This paper for the first time presents the experimental results for the magnetic characterization of four soft magnetic materials from room temperature down to 21 K. The experimental results demonstrate that the core losses at 21 K is higher than room temperature for all the materials. They also show that the permeability of all the materials reduce at 21 K compared to room temperature. The optimal temperature in terms of the best magnetic properties is identified for each material. The data presented in this paper will provide valuable guidance for practical design and optimization of superconducting machines and superconducting transformers with soft magnetic cores.
Efficiency evaluation of a bridgeless totem‐pole power factor correction rectifier using GaN and insulated gate bipolar transistor devices for battery charger

Wide‐bandgap semiconductor materials, like gallium nitride (GaN) and silicon carbide (SiC), promise to deliver a substantial advancement in the level of energy efficiency and overall size reduction in power electronic converters. This work uses the bridgeless totem‐pole power factor correction (PFC) rectifier to compare theoretical and experimental efficiency and switching energies when using GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) and insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) devices. An experimental prototype of 1‐kW output power and 220‐V input voltage is built to verify the characteristics of GaN HEMT technology as well as the performance of the converter in power supplies for application with battery charging. The theoretical switching energies that are calculated to the traditional methods, were shown to be in close agreement with the experimental data, simplifying the design and choice of GaN devices by the designers. GaN devices showed a marginally better efficiency than theoretical predictions, even at low switching frequencies, whereas IGBT devices showed a poorer efficiency than theoretical predictions. Peak efficiency using GaN HEMTs was 98.43% at 50% load and 98.16% at full load. With the use of IGBTs, the peak efficiency was 96.69% at 30% load.
Etude de la synthèse de sphères d'oxydes d'actinides et/ou de lanthanides et de leur aptitude à la céramisation

Dans le cadre des recherches sur l'aval du cycle du combustible et des projets de transmutation de l'americium, un procede innovant de fabrication de Couvertures Chargees en Americium (CCAm) a ete developpe. Ce procede, intitule CRMP (Calcined Resin Microsphere Pelletization), vise la fabrication de pastilles d'oxyde mixte uranium-americium par une voie non conventionnelle de metallurgie des spherules. Il consiste a produire des pastilles par pressage et frittage de precurseurs d'oxyde sous la forme de microspheres millimetriques obtenues par mineralisation de perles de resines echangeuses d'ions chargees en cations uranium et americium. L'avantage d'un tel procede par rapport a la metallurgie conventionnelle des poudres est de s'affranchir de la problematique des fines particules disseminantes et contaminantes et de faciliter les operations de transfert de matiere lors de la phase de mise en forme. Le procede a d'abord ete optimise et valide pour la production de pastilles d'oxyde de cerium. Des pastilles d'oxyde d'uranium de microstructure controlee, dense ou poreuse, ont ensuite ete produites dans le but de repondre aux specifications envisagees pour les CCAm. Dans une troisieme phase, le procede a ete applique avec succes a la synthese de microspheres d'oxydes mixtes monophases de type U1-xCexO2±δ (0,1≤x≤0,3) qui ont servi a l'elaboration de pastilles de ceramiques d'oxydes mixtes. La faisabilite technique du procede CRMP a ete finalement validee a l'echelle d'une pastille U0,9Am0,1O2±δ de microstructure homogene et de densite egale a 95 % de la densite theorique.