Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Framework for Determining Robust Context-Aware Attack-Detection Thresholds for Cyber-Physical Systems

Process-aware attack detection plays a key role in securing cyber-physical systems. A process-aware detection system (PADS) identifies a baseline behaviour of the physical process in cyber-physical systems and continuously attempts to detect deviations from the baseline attributed to malicious modifications in the process operation. Typically, a PADS triggers an alarm whenever the detection score crosses a fixed and predetermined threshold. In this paper, we argue that in the context of securing cyber-physical systems, relying on a single fixed threshold can undermine the effectiveness of the PADS, and propose a context-aware framework for determining two-dimensional thresholds that enhance the sensibility and reliability of such detection systems by rendering them more robust to false detection. In addition, we propose an algorithm, out of many possible, within this framework as a practical example.
Fishing or Aquaculture? Chinese Consumers’ Stated Preference for the Growing Environment of Salmon through a Choice Experiment and the Consequentiality Effect

Because of economic development and food safety concerns, an increasing number of middle-class consumers in China are demanding higher-quality food and more environmentally friendly food production methods. In this paper, we design a choice experiment to assess Chinese consumers’ preference for high-quality imported salmon through their willingness to pay (WTP) for various product attributes, especially the production environment attribute. We included a policy consequentiality script at the beginning of the survey and a consequentiality perception check at the end to test the effect of the device on Chinese consumers’ survey responses. The results show that Chinese consumers value the safety certification label of salmon with the highest premium, followed by chilled, wild-caught, and dark red color attributes of salmon. The WTP premiums from the consumers who were provided with the consequentiality script are significantly lower than those from consumers not provided with such a script, and the consequentiality perceptions are also enhanced by the script treatment.
Wearable textile EBG‐inspired bandwidth‐enhanced patch antenna

: An electromagnetic bandgap (EBG)-inspired low-profile wideband textile antenna is presented. By partially surrounding a standard textile patch antenna with mushroom EBG cells, a significant enhancement of the 10 dB impedance bandwidth is obtained. In particular, whereas a standard textile patch antenna exhibits a typical 10 dB bandwidth of 6% for a substrate thickness of 0.04 λ 0 , the proposed technique extends the 10 dB impedance bandwidth to 32%. Notably, the relatively large impedance bandwidth is achieved without extracting a heavy cost in terms of fabrication or design complexity. To make the design amenable for textile implementation, as opposed to more conventional designs which use EBG cells as a replacement for a ground plane, the proposed design hinges on the patch antenna being coplanar with a single quasi-ring of coplanar EBG cells. The proposed antenna design is validated through measurements in free space and on-body, where it is demonstrated to be robust to the effects of bending in the two principal planes.
Nanocrystalline‐silicon hole contact layers enabling efficiency improvement of silicon heterojunction solar cells: Impact of nanostructure evolution on solar cell performance

Hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) is a key enabler in high‐efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells known as the silicon heterojunction technology. Although efforts have been devoted to replacing doped a‐Si:H contact layer by hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (nc‐Si:H) to take advantage of its superior optoelectrical properties, it is still unclear whether the nc‐Si:H outperforms the a‐Si:H at the high efficiency level. Here, we show that boron‐doped (p)nc‐Si:H prepared by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) acts as an efficient hole contact layer, providing not only a mitigation of the parasitic absorption loss but also improvements in passivation and electrical contact properties. This results in an efficiency increase by 0.3%–0.6% absolute compared to the reference cell with the (p)a‐Si:H, and a best cell efficiency of 23.54%. We find that the critical thickness of the (p)nc‐Si:H layers required for gaining high efficiency (tc ~ 15–30 nm) is a factor of 3–6 greater than that of the (p)a‐Si:H. UV Raman spectroscopy and electrical conductivity measurements reveal that the tc of the (p)nc‐Si:H is associated with the layer growth needing for the surface coalescence of nanocrystals, determining the hole selectivity and the contact resistivity at the electrode/(p)nc‐Si:H interface. Our results suggest that such nanostructure evolution can be hastened by using a very‐high‐frequency PECVD process.
Are ASEAN 5 Countries Suitable for Optimum Currency Area? Exchange Rate Approach

The issue of currency unification among ASEAN countries is often the concern of researchers given the reactive conditions of ASEAN countries to the 1997/1998 crisis and the 2008 financial crisis. This study aims to analyze the impact of ASEAN currencies (rupiah, ringgit, Singapore dollar, baht and peso) against shocks in other ASEAN countries. The concept of this study uses an exchange rate approach based on (peg) the currencies of ASEAN countries with the US Dollar and Singapore Dollar. In addition, this research aims to analyze the symmetrical response of currencies to shocks to currencies of other countries. The research method approaches the short and long-term vector autoregression (VAR) model using the monthly real exchange rate variable data from 1990 - 2018.The results of the impulse response function show that the response of ASEAN countries' currencies (rupiah, ringgit, Singapore dollar, baht and peso) is more symmetric base (peg) currency with the Singapore dollar compared to the US dollar.
Predicting the impact of management practices on river water quality using SWAT in an agricultural watershed

AbstractSince intensive farming practices are essential to produce enough food for the increasing population in China, farmers have been using more inorganic fertilizers and pesticides. In addition, rural areas were heavily populated and a large number of domestic sewage were discharged widespread. Agricultural land and residential land are two of the major sources of nonpoint source pollution. However, by changing farming practices in terms of tillage and reducing the fertilizer rate as well as improving domestic sewage treatments, the levels of contamination can be reduced and the quality of soil and water resources can be improved. Thus, there is a need to investigate the hydrologic effects on nutrient loss when various watershed managements are operated in tandem. In this study, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was utilized to evaluate the individual and combined impacts of various management practices on total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) loads in the Changle River watershed. The .
Ecologies of Space in the Paradoxes of Technology and Community

Technology has afforded both opportunities and threats that contrast the paradoxes of our world and impact our communities in ways that are often unintended. By considering the meanings and understandings of technology in the circumstances of church, seminary, and library, especially under stressful conditions, and providing a framework for individual and community adaptability and resilience, we allow for a hopeful, curative, and constructive way forward in our present world—to a place of meaningful belonging and participative community. The roles that theological libraries and churches play in adapting will reinforce the needs of the present and the strategies for the future of theological education itself—especially as we identify specific ecologies of space—those places that afford us the opportunity to restore and develop who we are as human beings and faith communities. Finally, we will look at all of this through the most unexpected lens of change and challenge confronting our world in the last six months—the lens of a world ravaged by the COVID-19 pandemic and how this has altered our conversation.
[From radical developmental disorders in ICD-10 to Autism Spectrum Disorder in ICD-11].

From radical developmental disorders in ICD-10 to Autism Spectrum Disorder in ICD-11 Abstract. This article presents the new diagnostic classification of Autism Spectrum Disorder according to ICD-11 relative to the previous classification according to ICD-10, and DSM-5. It also provides some practical clinical advice regarding the value of multiaxial diagnostic classification. Because ICD-11 shows a high similarity to DSM-5, one may expect prevalence rates to be consolidated. Especially because the classification "atypical autism" has been dropped, prevalence rates may decrease following the implementation of ICD-11 compared to ICD-10. Sensitivity should remain high, however, and specificity may increase, similar to the changes that occurred going from DSM-IV TR to DSM-5.
Time‐dependent fluorescence depolarization and Brownian rotational diffusion coefficients of macromolecules

Using a distribution function formalism, we have derived relations between the time‐dependent fluorescence polarization anistropy r(t) = [I‖(t) − I⟂(t)]/[I‖(t) + 2I⟂(t)] and the Brownian rotational diffusion coefficients of macromolecules. It is shown that in the most general case of a completely asymmetric body, five exponentials appear in r(t). Reduction to previously obtained simpler expressions are presented and discussed. Experiments were performed to measure r(t) for the complex of 1‐anilino‐8‐naphthalene sulfonate (ANS) and apomyoglobin. The results revealed a spherical geometry, with a radius of 20.8 Å. Similar experiments were performed on the ANS–apohorse radish peroxidase complex. The results were inconclusive towards the geometry of the complex, but when assumed to be spherical, the radius was estimated to be 29.6 Å, consistent with the larger molecular weight of horse radish peroxidase.
Cocrystallization of a Tripyridyl Donor with Perfluorinated Iodobenzene Derivatives: Formation of Different N···I Halogen Bonds Determining Network vs Plain Packing Crystals

Two cocrystals (4, 5) have been obtained with 1,3,5-tris[4-pyridyl(ethenyl)]benzene (1), sym-triiodo-trifluorobenzene (2), and diiodo-tetrafluorobenzene (3), respectively. Cocrystal 4 contains both compounds 1 and 2 in a molecular ratio of 1:2, whereas cocrystal 5 contains both compounds 1 and 3 in a molecular ratio of 1:0.5 and the solvent used for crystallization, namely, chloroform. Both cocrystals (4, 5) contain N···I halogen bonds with distances of ∼80% of the sum of the van der Waals radii. Compound 1 forms four halogen bonding interactions in cocrystal 4, resulting in an infinite halogen-bonded network with two types of N···I halogen bonds, whereas in cocrystal 5, compound 1 forms only one type of halogen bonding interaction with compound 3.
The number density effect of N-substituted dyes on the TiO2 surface in dye sensitized solar cells: a theoretical study

A series of organic dyes, containing N-substituted carbazole, diarylamine–naphthalene, and diarylamine–fluorene donor for Dye1, Dye2, and Dye3, respectively, and cyanoacrylic acid acceptor bridged by a thiophene fragment for Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSCs) applications, is successfully investigated by DFT and TDDFT. Among these dyes, Dye3, with the strongest electron donating ability, shows the most red shift in the UV-Vis absorption spectrum. Moreover, the Dye3@(TiO2)38 complex shows stronger adsorption energy of −19.54 kcal mol−1. Nevertheless, Dye2 has shown the best photovoltaic performance. We measured the molecular volume and molecular width based on the geometries from the PBE functional, together with the double-numerical with polarization performed in the DMol3 program, to investigate the effect of N-substituted donors on the number density of the adsorbed dye, on the TiO2 surface. We found that the bulkiness of the N-substituted donor in Dye3 can dramatically reduce the number density of the adsorbed on the surface. The molecular width and projected area of Dye3 are calculated to be 15.980 A and 214 A2, respectively, indicating the more bulky structure compared to Dye2 (molecular width = 14.505 A and projected area = 180 A2) which corresponds to the dye uptake of Dye3 (1.38 × 1017 molecule per cm2) being significantly less than of Dye2 (4.55 × 1017 molecule per cm2). Finally, Dye3 with an extra bulky donor exhibits poorer energy conversion efficiency of 3.91% compared to 5.45% of Dye2, under simulated AM 1.5 irradiation (100 mW cm−2).
Vibrational Breakup of Triatomic Collision Complexes: A Model Study for H+‐H2

The predissociative behavior of the H+3 system is studied from the point of view of purely vibrational coupling between the rotationally-averaged motions of the neutral diatomic and the bound proton. By decoupling the effects of the usual rotational barriers from those induced by the potential strength as a function of relative separations, one is able to see that the vibrational interchannel coupling shows strong propensity and highly nonstatistical propagation among bound levels and that the inner chaotic motion often assumed for this system is mostly controlled by the presence of multiple angular momentum barriers. Tunneling through these multiple rotational momentum barriers appears to be responsible for the slow dissociation seen in spectroscopic experiments.
Comparison of Proseal Laryngeal Mask Airway with the I-Gel Supraglottic Airway During the Bailey Manoeuvre in Adult Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery

Objective Since the inception of Bailey manoeuvre, various authors have advocated for the substitution of endotracheal tube (ETT) with a supraglottic airway device (SAD) before the emergence from anaesthesia. There is scant information about the ideal supraglottic device in the literature. The present study compared the Proseal laryngeal mask airway (LMA) with the I-gel SAD during the Bailey manoeuvre. The primary objective was to compare these for ease of insertion and adequate placement of supraglottic airway, whereas the secondary objective was comparison of haemodynamics following the Bailey manoeuvre. Methods A total of 100 patients aged 18–60 years who were scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia were randomised into 2 groups: group I (Bailey manoeuvre using Proseal LMA) and group II (Bailey manoeuvre using I-gel). The Bailey manoeuvre was performed 15 min before the end of surgery using the chosen supraglottic airway as per randomisation. We measured the ease of insertion (number of attempts required for insertion) and adequate placement (Brimacombe scoring) of SADs (fibre-optic bronchoscopy). Haemodynamic parameters were recorded until 10 min after the Bailey manoeuvre. Results The groups were comparable in terms of demographic parameters. Both the devices were comparable in terms of ease of insertion (p>0.05). Significantly higher (p<0.05) Brimacombe scores were seen with the I-gel. Significant (p<0.05) rise in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure was observed at the insertion of SAD, removal of ETT, and at 1 min after the Bailey manoeuvre in Proseal LMA in contrast to the I-gel. Conclusion This study showed that the I-gel provides a better glottic visualisation and haemodynamically superior profile compared with the Proseal LMA during the Bailey manoeuvre.
Impact of China's Large-Scale Ecological Restoration Program on the Environment and Society in Arid and Semiarid Areas of China: Achievements, Problems, Synthesis, and Applications

Since, 1978, China has pursued some of the world's most ambitious conservation programs, including the Three Norths Shelter Forest System Project, Grain for Green Project, and the Natural Forest Conservation Program. After 30 years of experience with these programs, researchers have found that improving agricultural technology and providing appropriate payment for ecosystem service (PES) to farmers displaced by these programs can improve both the environment and society while avoiding the malignant cycle in which poverty leads to environmental destruction, which then deepens poverty. However, flaws in the implementation of these programs mean that it remains necessary to watch for damage to the environment and society caused by inappropriate technology and policy.
Stimulating the Rate of Phytoremediation of Chromolaena odorata in Crude Oil Contaminated Soil Using Inorganic Urea

Investigation on the use of urea in stimulating the phytoremediation of Chromolaena odorata in a crude oil contaminated soil was carried out at a crude oil spilled site at Botem-Tai, Ogoni, Nigeria. Three phytoremediation treatments labeled A – C in addition to the control (D) were used. The treatments were: A (Chromolaena odorata only), B (Chromolaena odorata + 20 g/m urea), C (Chromolaena odorata + 40 g/m 2 urea), D (polluted soil without phytoremediation) arranged using Latin Square Design (LSD). Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and Total hydrocarbon content (THC) in soil and plant samples from the different treatment plots in addition to other soil nutrients were analyzed. The percentage reduction in TPH and THC in soil were as follows: Treatment B, {TPH (92.08%) and THC (95.37%)} > treatment A {TPH (88.95%) and THC (93.37%)}> C {TPH (78.78%) and THC (83.29%)} > Control {TPH (14.76%) and THC (32.90%)}. Treatment C had the highest TPH (2.67 mg/kg) and THC (20.57 mg/kg) accumulation in test plant. Combining stimulant (urea) with phytoremediation also improved soil properties such as pH, Nitrogen and Potassium. With the highest reduction of TPH and THC in treatment B Original Research Article Tanee and Jude; IJPSS, 32(16): 13-25, 2020; Article no.IJPSS. 56683 14 (phytoremediation with 20 g/m urea) than other treatments is an indication that low concentration of urea has a stimulatory effect on phytoremediation of crude oil by Chromolaena odorata.
A novel antioxidant isolated from young green barley leaves

An ethanol extract obtained from freeze-dried young green barley leaves was fractionated with column chromatography. The fraction exhibiting strongest antioxidative activity was further purified by HPLC. The active component was identified as 2''(3'')-O-glycosylisoviterin by gas chromatography, W, FABMS, 1 H NMR, and 13 C NMR
Adopting explicit and implicit social relations by SVD++ for recommendation system improvement

Recommender systems suffer a set of drawbacks such as sparsity. Social relations providea useful sourceto overcome the sparsity problem. Previous studies have utilized social relations or rating feedback sources. However, they ignored integrating these sources. In this paper, the limitations of previous studies are overcome by exploiting four sources of information, namely: explicit social relationships, implicit social relationships, users’ratings, and implicit feedback information. Firstly, implicit social relationships are extracted through the source allocation index algorithm to establish new relations among users. Secondly, the similarity method is applied to find the similarity between each pair ofusers who have explicit or implicitsocial relations. Then, users’ ratings and implicit rating feedback sources are extracted via a user-item matrix. Furthermore, all sources are integrated into the singular value decomposition plus (SVD++) method. Finally, missing predictions are computed. The proposed method is implemented on three real-world datasets: Last.Fm, FilmTrust, and Ciao. Experimental results reveal that the proposed model is superior to other studies such as SVD, SVD++, EU-SVD++, SocReg, and EISR in terms ofaccuracy, where the improvement of the proposed method is about 0.03% for MAE and 0.01%for RMSE when dimension value (d) =10.
The Effect of Key Macroeconomic Variables on Market Capitalization in Selected Emerging Markets: Post 2007-08 Crisis Era

Stock market developments are of high importance both for developed and developing countries. Determinants of stock market development are studied under two different sets of variables in the literature: institutional structure and key macroeconomic variables. While the studies regarding the first provided rather consistent results, the studies regarding the second have not come to a well-accepted consensus, at least for the majority of the key macroeconomic variables. This study aims to find out post-crisis determinants of stock market development between 2009-2018 for 31 emerging markets, using generalized method of moments (GMM) technique in three separate models. The estimation results show that the exchange rate and financial development index have positive relation with market capitalization ratio along with the rule of law index as an institutional factor. To cite this document: Karaduman, Ç. (2021). The Effect of Key Macroeconomic Variables on Market Capitalization in Selected Emerging Markets: Post 2007-08 Crisis Era, BILTURK, The Journal of Economics and Related Studies, 3(1), 1-9. doi: 10.47103/bilturk.768362 Karaduman, Ç. (2021). The Effect of Key Macroeconomic Variables on Market Capitalization in Selected Emerging Markets: Post 2007-08 Crisis Era, BILTURK, The Journal of Economics and Related Studies, 3(1), 1-9. doi: 10.47103/bilturk.768362 BILTURK Journal of Economics and Related Studies 2
Global and Regional Patterns in High Ice Water Content Conditions

Conditions of high ice water content (HIWC; defined herein as at least 1.0 g m−3) are often found in the anvils of convective systems and can cause engine damage and/or failure in aircraft. We use ice water content (IWC) retrievals from satellite-borne radar and lidar (CloudSat and CALIOP) to provide the first analysis of global HIWC frequency using 11 years of data (2007–17). Results show that HIWC is generally present in 1%–2% of CloudSat and CALIOP IWC retrievals between flight level 270 (FL270; 27 000 ft or 8.230 km) and FL420 (42 000 ft or 12.801 km) in areas with frequent convection. Similar rates of HIWC are found over midlatitude oceans at relatively low altitudes (below FL270). Possible nonconvective mechanisms for the formation of this low-level HIWC are discussed, as are the uncertainties suggesting that the results at these low altitudes are an overestimation of the true threat of HIWC to aircraft engines. The satellite IWC retrievals are also used to validate an HIWC diagnostic tool that provides storm-scale statistics on HIWC over the contiguous United States (CONUS) during the summer convective season (May–August from 2012 to 2019). Results over the CONUS suggest that HIWC over the Great Plains is highest in June, when a point in the region is under HIWC conditions for approximately 25 h of 30 days on average. The mean area-equivalent diameters of HIWC conditions in some areas of the Great Plains exceed 350 km, and the conditions can persist for 4–5 h.
Effect of Pressure on the Association States of Enzyme-treated Caseins

The effects of pressure on the association states of enzyme-treated casein molecules were studied by monitoring the turbidity of solutions under high pressures up to 3,000 kg/cm2. β-Casein molecules partially degraded with immobilized trypsin were dissociated with increasing pressure up to a critical pressure (e.g., 1.200 kg/cm2 in Tris-HCl buffer of pH 6.4 and ionic strength 1.0, at 40°C) and then reassociated under higher pressures up to 3,000 kg/cm2, following a parabola-like turbidity-pressure curve. The critical pressure for minimum turbidity increased with increasing degradation of the hydrophobic moiety of p-casein. In the case of chymosin-treated K-casein, a similar pressure dependence of turbidity due to dissociation and reassociation was found in the same pressure region up to 3,000kg/cm2. However, chymosin-treated αs1-casein was not reassociated even at 3,500kg/cm2. Based on these results, the pressure effects on the dissociation and reassociation of casein molecules are discussed in terms of t.