Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Addition of Fluoride to Acrylic Bone Cement Does Not Improve Fixation of a Total Hip Arthroplasty Stem

Improved fixation to bone is vital for improving the long term success of cemented implants. Addition of fluoride to acrylic bone cement may be one way to improve the quality of the bone cement interface and thereby reduce the risk of loosening. Ninety patients (97 hips) with a median age of 70 years (range, 31-81 years) scheduled for total hip arthroplasty were randomized to receive a stem fixed with fluoride-containing acrylic bone cement or conventional acrylic bone cement. Fixation and bone remodeling around the femoral component was studied with radiostereometry and dual-energy xray absorptiometry up to 5 years after the operation in 73 patients (77 hips). Radiostereometric evaluation at 5 years revealed no differences in stem migration (subsidence/lift-off) or rotations. The stem subsidence inside the mantle was similar in the two groups. At 5 years the study group had lost more bone mineral in Gruen regions 5 and 7 than the controls. The Harris hip and pain score did not differ. Use of fluoride containing bone cement did not improve the stem fixation compared with a conventional cement used up to 5 years, but resulted in more pronounced loss of bone mineral density in the medial cortex. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level I. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Preferential cytoplasmic location of FtsZ, a protein essential for Escherichia coli septation

An ftsZ thermonull mutant has been constructed in which the ftsZ gene has been deleted from the Escherichia coli chromosome while maintaining a wild‐type copy of the gene in a thermosensitive plasmid. Under conditions in which the ftsZ+ allele is unable to be replicated at the same pace as the chromosome, the cells become non‐viable and grow as filaments, indicating that, contrary to other reports, FtsZ performs a function essential for cell survival. Antibodies raised against FtsZ have been used to detect the cellular location of FtsZ and its contents per cell. Fractionation experiments indicate that most of the total FtsZ present in the cell stays in the cytoplasm.
Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor α Increases the Expression and Activity of Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein in the Liver*

Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) is rate-limiting in the assembly and secretion of lipoproteins containing apolipoprotein (apo) B. Previously we demonstrated that Wy 14,643 (Wy), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α agonist, increases apoB-100 secretion despite decreased triglyceride synthesis. In this study, we sought to determine whether PPARα activation increases MTP expression and activity. Treatment with Wy increased hepatic MTP expression and activity in rats and mice and increased MTP expression in primary cultures of rat and mouse hepatocytes. Addition of actinomycin D blocked this increase and the MTP promoter (–136 to +67) containing a conserved DR1 element was activated by Wy, showing that PPARα activates transcription of the gene. Wy did not affect MTP expression in the intestine or in cultured hepatocytes from PPARα-null mice. A retinoid X receptor agonist (9-cis-retinoic acid), but not a PPARγ agonist (rosiglitazone), increased MTP mRNA expression in cultured hepatocytes from both wild type and PPARα-null mice. In rat hepatocytes incubated with Wy, MTP mRNA levels increased between 6 and 24 h, and MTP protein expression and apoB-100 secretion increased between 24 and 72 h. In conclusion, PPARα activation stimulates hepatic MTP expression via increased transcription of the Mtp gene. This effect is paralleled by a change in apoB-100 secretion, indicating that the effect of Wy on apoB-100 secretion is mediated by increased expression of MTP.
Mechanobiology and diseases of mechanotransduction

The current focus of medicine on molecular genetics ignores the physical basis of disease even though many of the problems that lead to pain and morbidity, and bring patients to the doctor's office, result from changes in tissue structure or mechanics. The main goal of this article is therefore to help integrate mechanics into our understanding of the molecular basis of disease. This article first reviews the key roles that physical forces, extracellular matrix and cell structure play in the control of normal development, as well as in the maintenance of tissue form and function. Recent insights into cellular mechanotransduction — the molecular mechanism by which cells sense and respond to mechanical stress — also are described. Re‐evaluation of human pathophysiology in this context reveals that a wide range of diseases included within virtually all fields of medicine and surgery share a common feature: their etiology or clinical presentation results from abnormal mechanotransduction. This process may be altered by changes in cell mechanics, variations in extracellular matrix structure, or by deregulation of the molecular mechanisms by which cells sense mechanical signals and convert them into a chemical or electrical response. Molecules that mediate mechanotransduction, including extracellular matrix molecules, transmembrane integrin receptors, cytoskeletal structures and associated signal transduction components, may therefore represent targets for therapeutic intervention in a variety of diseases. Insights into the mechanical basis of tissue regulation also may lead to development of improved medical devices, engineered tissues, and biologically‐inspired materials for tissue repair and reconstruction.
Profile reconstruction using the Sources Reconstruction Method

A novel approach for profile reconstruction using a Sources Reconstruction Method is presented. The idea is the calculation of the fields radiated by the reconstructed equivalent currents inside the currents domain. Profile reconstruction accuracy is improved by combining multiple incidences and frequencies. The main advantage with respect to inverse source-based techniques is the computational cost reduction, as the equivalent currents domain is reduced to a contour enclosing the area-under-study.
The material footprint of nations

Significance This original research paper addresses a key issue in sustainability science: How many and which natural resources are needed to sustain modern economies? Simple as it may seem, this question is far from trivial to answer and has indeed not been addressed satisfactorily in the scholarly literature. We use the most comprehensive and most highly resolved economic input–output framework of the world economy together with a detailed database of global material flows to calculate the full material requirements of all countries covering a period of two decades. Called the “material footprint,” this indicator provides a consumption perspective of resource use and new insights into the actual resource productivity of nations. Metrics on resource productivity currently used by governments suggest that some developed countries have increased the use of natural resources at a slower rate than economic growth (relative decoupling) or have even managed to use fewer resources over time (absolute decoupling). Using the material footprint (MF), a consumption-based indicator of resource use, we find the contrary: Achievements in decoupling in advanced economies are smaller than reported or even nonexistent. We present a time series analysis of the MF of 186 countries and identify material flows associated with global production and consumption networks in unprecedented specificity. By calculating raw material equivalents of international trade, we demonstrate that countries’ use of nondomestic resources is, on average, about threefold larger than the physical quantity of traded goods. As wealth grows, countries tend to reduce their domestic portion of materials extraction through international trade, whereas the overall mass of material consumption generally increases. With every 10% increase in gross domestic product, the average national MF increases by 6%. Our findings call into question the sole use of current resource productivity indicators in policy making and suggest the necessity of an additional focus on consumption-based accounting for natural resource use.
On-line measurement and compensation of geometrical errors for cartesian numerical control machines

The form error of linear guides severely affects the positioning accuracy of Cartesian three axis machine tools, and the detrimental effect sensibly reduces the accuracy as the travel length increases. The present work illustrates a technique allowing the computation of the overall positioning error on the tool holder of a three axis Cartesian machine as a function of the elementary geometrical (or form) errors characterising the three motion axes. The overall positioning error is expressed as an error vector acting on the tool holder, and is obtained as a combination of the 3 linear and 3 angular form errors measured for each linear motion axis. The vector field representing the positioning error can be used by the computer numerical control as an error compensation reference. The technique has been successfully implemented on the CNC of a large three axis milling machine. Furthermore, the measurement of angular errors can be repeated on-line, at a regular time schedule, by mean of servo-controlled inclinometers mounted on the machine elements. This allows to keep up-to-date the compensation algorithm used by the CNC. The second part of the paper investigate the feasibility of this on-line calibration of the error compensation algorithm, by means of a simplified breadboard
An artificial-neural-network-based QoE estimation model for Video streaming over wireless networks

In this paper, we present a no-reference, content-based Quality of Experience (QoE) estimation model for video streaming service over wireless networks. Since the impact of video quality impairments caused by both codec and network parameters is content-dependent, the cross-layer parameters, such as the bit rate, frame rate and resolution at the application layer, the packet loss rate at the network layer, video content features and the screen size of terminal equipment, are considered in the proposed QoE estimation model. Moreover, the video quality estimation model is based on radial basis function networks (RBFN) which is a feed-forward artificial neural network with excellent approximating ability. That is, the RBFN-based QoE estimation model is trained and tested with cross-layer parameters. Simulation results show that the RBFN-based QoE estimation model performs well in terms of high estimation accuracy, high Pearson correlation coefficient, low root mean square error, and small computational time.
Changes in myosin structure and function in response to glycation

Nonenzymatic glycosylation (glycation) is recognized as an important post‐translational modification underlying alterations of structure and function of extracellular proteins. The effect of glycation on intracellular proteins is, on the other hand, less well known despite the vital importance of intracellular proteins for cell, tissue, and organ function. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of glycation on the structure and function of skeletal muscle myosin. My‐osin was incubated for up to 30 min with glucose and subsequently tested for structural and functional modifications by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry and a single‐fiber in vitro motility assay, respectively. MALDI spectra revealed glycation‐related structural alterations as evidenced by the disappearance of specific Lys‐C proteolysis products and the appearance of higher mass peaks that are attributed to cross‐linking by glucose. This change was paralleled by a significant reduction in the in vitro motility speed, suggesting a structure‐related decline in myosin mechanics in response to glucose exposure. Further evidence that early glycation products form in the regulatory regions of the myosin molecule is derived from the fact that there is complete reversal of motility speed after reaction with the Schiff base‐cleaving agent hydroxylamine hydrochloride. Thus, gly‐cation of skeletal muscle myosin has a significant effect on both the structural and functional properties of the protein, a finding that is important in understanding the mechanisms underlying the impairment in muscle function associated with aging and diabetes. —Ramamurthy, B. , Höök, P., Jones, A. D. , Larsson, L. Changes in myosin structure and function in response to glycation. FASEB J. 15, 2415–2422 (2001)
Enhanced glucose‐dependent glucagon‐like peptide‐1 and insulin secretion in Crohn patients with terminal ileum disease is unrelated to disease activity or ileal resection

Background: Enhanced secretion of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) has been reported in patients with Crohn disease (CD). However, the correlation between the enteropancreatic axis and the activity of CD remains unclear. Methods: Plasma glucose, insulin, GLP‐1 levels and insulin sensitivity were determined before and after oral glucose tolerance tests in 13 patients with CD of the terminal ileum, in 13 patients after resection of the terminal ileum and in 7 healthy controls. Basal and stimulated insulin sensitivities were determined using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and the insulin sensitivity index (ISI) methods, respectively. Results: Basal and stimulated glucose levels were comparable in patients and controls. The peak stimulated GLP‐1 secretion was significantly higher in the patient group compared to controls: 12.2 ± 1.24 pM/L and 8.1 ± 1.72 pM/L, respectively, P = 0.03. This was associated with 52% increased overall insulin secretion in the patients' group as compared to controls (P = 0.007) and a higher peak insulin response: 63.5 ± 9.69 mU/L and 41.5 ± 6.85 mU/L for patients and controls, respectively, P = 0.04. Operated patients had similar GLP‐1 levels but higher peak and overall insulin secretions compared with those in non‐operated patients (P = 0.01). Fasting and stimulated insulin sensitivities were reduced only in patients with ileal resection as compared to controls: P = 0.01 and P = 0.05, respectively. No correlation was found between the CD activity index and GLP‐1 or insulin secretion. Conclusions: CD of the terminal ileum is associated with enhanced glucose‐dependent GLP‐1 secretion, which is unrelated to disease activity or ileal resection.
Feasibility of fault analysis based on intentional electromagnetic interference

This paper presents the feasibility of fault analysis using intentional electromagnetic interference (IEMI). Fault analysis (FA) is a kind of implementation attack that intentionally extracts a secret key embedded in a secure device such as a smart card. An attacker injects a computational fault during the cryptographic calculation and he can extract a secret key. Recently, Hayashi et al. showed that temporal faults could be remotely injected during the cryptographic calculation using IEMI. They showed a case study in which an Advanced Standard Encryption (AES) secret key could be extracted through fault analysis. However, the characteristics of faults that can be induced by IEMI were not described. And, a threat of various FAs was not clear. In this paper, we examine in detail how the IEMI fault injection affects the fault occurrence of intermediate states in a cryptographic module and investigate the distribution of the IEMI generated faults. Furthermore, we classify previous FAs with respect to an attack model such as the type of faults needed to achieve a successful attack, and discuss the feasibility of FAs using IEMI based on the experimental results.
Online Decision-Making for Scalable Autonomous Systems

We present a general formal model called MODIA that can tackle a central challenge for autonomous vehicles (AVs), namely the ability to interact with an unspecified, large number of world entities. In MODIA, a collection of possible decision-problems (DPs), known a priori, are instantiated online and executed as decision-components (DCs), unknown a priori. To combine the individual action recommendations of the DCs into a single action, we propose the lexicographic executor action function (LEAF) mechanism. We analyze the complexity of MODIA and establish LEAF's relation to regret minimization. Finally, we implement MODIA and LEAF using collections of partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) DPs, and use them for complex AV intersection decision-making. We evaluate the approach in six scenarios within a realistic vehicle simulator and present its use on an AV prototype.
Sensitive skin: mechanisms and diagnosis

Sensitive skin is a condition of subjective cutaneous hyperreactivity to environmental factors. Subjects experiencing this condition report exaggerated reactions when their skin is in contact with cosmetics, soaps and sunscreens, and they often report worsening after exposure to dry and cold climate. Although no sign of irritation is commonly detected, itching, burning, stinging and a tight sensation are constantly present. Generally substances that are not commonly considered irritants are involved in this abnormal response. They include many ingredients of cosmetics such as: dimethyl sulfoxide, benzoyl peroxide preparations, salicylic acid, propylene glycol, amyldimethylaminobenzoic acid and 2‐ethoxyethyl methoxycinnamate. Sensitive skin and subjective irritation are widespread but still far from being completely defined and understood. The aim of this paper is to summarize the relevant literature in order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of sensitive skin and the best testing methodologies for investigation of sensitive skin.
Pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating peptide in the rat central nervous system: An immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization study

In the present study the localization of pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating peptide (PACAP)‐expressing cell bodies and PACAP projections were mapped in the adult rat brain and spinal cord by using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization histochemistry. A widespread occurrence of PACAP‐containing cell bodies was found, with the greatest accumulation in several hypothalamic nuclei and in several brainstem nuclei, especially the habenular nuclei, the pontine nucleus, the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB), and the vagal complex. PACAP was also present in cell bodies in the olfactory areas, in neocortical areas, in the hippocampus, in the vestibulo‐ and cochlear nuclei, in cell bodies of the intermediolateral cell column of the spinal cord and in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, in the subfornical organ, and in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis. An intense accumulation of PACAP‐immunoreactive (‐IR) nerve fibers was observed throughout the hypothalamus, in the amydaloid and extended amygdaloid complex, in the anterior and paraventricular thalamic nuclei, in the intergeniculate leaflet, in the pretectum, and in several brainstem nuclei, such as the parabrachial nucleus, the sensory trigeminal nucleus, and the nucleus of the solitary tract. PACAP‐IR nerve fibers were also found in the area postrema, the posterior pituitary and the choroid plexus, and the dorsal and ventral horn of the spinal cord. The widespread distribution of PACAP in the brain and spinal cord suggests that PACAP is involved in the control of many autonomic and sensory functions as well as higher cortical processes. J. Comp. Neurol. 453:389–417, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular Characterization of Novel Red Green Nonsulfur Bacteria from Five Distinct Hot Spring Communities in Yellowstone National Park

ABSTRACT We characterized and compared five geographically isolated hot springs with distinct red-layer communities in Yellowstone National Park. Individual red-layer communities were observed to thrive in temperatures ranging from 35 to 60°C and at pH 7 to 9. All communities were dominated by red filamentous bacteria and contained bacteriochlorophyll a (Bchl a), suggesting that they represented novel green nonsulfur (GNS) bacteria. The in vivo absorption spectra of individual sites were different, with two sites showing unusual Bchl a protein absorption bands beyond 900 nm. We prepared and analyzed 16S rRNA libraries from all of these sites by using a combination of general bacterial primers and new GNS-specific primers described here. These studies confirmed the presence of novel GNS-like bacteria in all five communities. All GNS-like clones were most similar to Roseiflexus castenholzii, a red filamentous bacterium from Japan that also contains only Bchl a. Phylogenies constructed by using GNS-like clones from Yellowstone red-layer communities suggest the presence of a moderately diverse new “red” cluster within the GNS lineage. Within this cluster, at least two well-supported subclusters emerged: YRL-A was most similar to Roseiflexus and YRL-B appeared to be novel, containing no known isolates. While these patterns showed some site specificity, they did not correlate with observed Bchl a spectrum differences or obvious features of the habitat.
Superficial Keratectomy and Conjunctival Autograft for Fuchs' Superficial Marginal Keratitis

Purpose. To describe a patient with bilateral, recurrent marginal corneal infiltrates consistent with Fuchs' superficial marginal keratitis who developed bilateral nasal pseudopterygia encroaching on the visual axis, reducing visual acuity in both eyes. Methods. Bilateral superficial keratectomy combined with conjunctival autografting was performed in each eye. Results. Best corrected visual acuity improved from 20/60 in the left eye and 20/40 in the right eye to 20/25 in both eyes. Our patient has had no disease relapses in her right eye, as of 29 months after the surgery, but experienced a mild flare-up of marginal keratitis in her left eye 8 months after the surgery. Despite this flare-up, disease symptoms in the left eye have markedly diminished. Conclusion. Superficial keratectomy combined with conjunctival autograft is a therapeutic alternative in the management of severe, recurrent Fuchs' superficial marginal keratitis. In the present case, it has resulted in an improvement in visual acuity as well as a decrease in the frequency of disease flare-ups. The clinical course of this patient suggests that the conjunctiva may play a role in the etiology of Fuchs' superficial marginal keratitis.
Responsiveness of microcirculation and local cold vasodilation to capsaicin in the intact and chronically denervated canine tongue.

Lingual blood flow and its distribution were determined at rest and in response to local cooling of the tongue (32 degrees C) in 6 anaesthetized, paralyzed and artificially ventilated dogs before and after two intraarterial (i.a.) injections of capsaicin (2.5 mg) at an interval of about 40 min. In 3 dogs, the same protocol was performed after degeneration of the chorda-lingual and glossopharyngeal nerves due to prior transection. In general the first i.a. injection of capsaicin resulted in a marked and the second injection in a smaller decrease of lingual blood flow. Local cooling of the tongue induced significant increases in lingual blood flow before as well as after capsaicin treatment, regardless of whether sensory innervation was intact or degenerated. In both the untreated and capsaicin treated dogs the increase in lingual blood flow during local cooling of the tongue was solely due to an increase in blood flow through the arteriovenous anastomoses, while blood flow through the capillaries of the mucosa and muscles even decreased. The findings suggest that capsaicin-induced vasoconstriction of the tongue vessels is due to a direct effect on vascular receptors. It is further suggested that cold vasodilatation of the canine tongue is not mediated by axon collaterals releasing substance P. Direct thermal effects on the intramural ganglia and the postganglionic vasomotor efferents innervating the AVAs, or on AVAs basal tone itself are suggested as the underlying mechanism.