Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antifibrotic activity of an inhibitor of histone deacetylases in DOCA‐salt hypertensive rats

Background and purpose: Histone deacetylases (HDACs) silence genes by deacetylating lysine residues in histones and other proteins. HDAC inhibitors represent a new class of compounds with anti‐inflammatory activity. This study investigated whether treatment with a broad spectrum HDAC inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), would prevent cardiac fibrosis, part of the cardiovascular remodelling in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)‐salt rats.
In situ grown AlN/AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistor

In situ grown AlN/AlGaN/GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) heterostructure field-effect transistor (HFET) is promising for high power applications due to the reduced gate leakage current together with the successful surface passivation. In this study, we present a novel AlGaN/GaN MIS-HFET using in situ AlN as a gate insulator. The AlN is formed subsequently after the epitaxial growth in the same reactor without any exposure in the air. This “earlier” passivation by in situ AlN protects the surface during processing and neutralizes the charges at the top of AlGaN interface, which leads to a higher electron density of channel and superior device characteristics. The unity gain cutoff frequency (fT) and maximum frequency of oscillation (fmax) are 14.5 and 24.9 GHz, respectively. The fabricated AlN/AlGaN/GaN MIS-HFET at 2.4 GHz delivers 2.3 W/mm output power density and 21.3% peak power added efficiency. It demonstrates a great potential to the next-generation power transistor.
SBSTFrame: a framework to search-based software testing

The software testing is an important component of software development life cycle, that directly affects quality of software products. Some problems in software testing phase can't be optimized only with traditional Software Engineering techniques. It is possible to do the mathematical modelling of those problems in an attempt to optimize them through the search techniques. This study presents a framework for search-based software testing (SBST). The proposed framework works as a top-level layer over generic optimization frameworks and testing software tools, it's target is supporting software testers that are not able to use optimization frameworks during a testing activity due to short deadlines and limited resources or skills, also supporting expert or beginners users from optimization area that need or want to compare their metaheuristics with ones from literature and offered by the proposed framework. The framework was evaluated in a experiment of software testing scenario. This scenario was modeled as test case selection problem in which, experiments were executed with different metaheuristics. The results indicate it's capability to support the SBST area. The framework was evaluated and compared with other SBST framework in terms of quality metrics, that indicated it's extensibility and flexibility as framework.
Revascularization of trachea in lung and tracheal transplantation

Abstract: Ischemia is the primary risk factor for airway complications in double lung transplantation using tracheal anastomosis and in tracheal transplantation. Many treatment options as to revascularization for the trachea were herein described and reviewed. They include direct revascularization (using a conduit such as artery or vein), revascularization with tissue wrapping (using omentum, muscle, internal thoracic artery pedicle, pleura, or pericardial fat pad), and with drug administration (using corticosteroid hormone, prostaglandin, or angiogenic factor). As there are few organized reports including new information on revascularization for the trachea these days, this review article would help thoracic surgeons who get engaged transplantation.
Preferential Localization of Rat GAPDS on the Ribs ofFibrous Sheath of S FIagellum and Its Expression during Flagellar Formation perm

Ichiro [Ilaniii,4, Iletsuya Yhgura2, Naoyuki Inagaki2, [Ihtsuo Nakayama3, Kazunori Imaizumii and Kazuya "Ybshinagai 'Division of'Mblecular and CellularBiotogy Dqpartment ofAnatonvl Fbculty qfMedicine, Uhiversity ofMlycuaki, Mlyazaki S8SLi692, Japan, 2Division ofSignal T7'ansduction, Graduate School ofBiologicat Sbiences, Nbra institute ofScience and 7lechnology Moma 630-O1Ol, Japan, SDepartment ofLijZr Sl ience, Frontier Seience Research Centeny Uhivensity qfAdlyazaki, Mlyasaki 889-1692, Japan and 4Department ofAdedical Bioiogy, Graduate Sbhool of Mbdicine and Pharmaceuticat Sbiences, University of Tlzyama, 2630 Sugitani, TZpsama 93C)-Ol94, Japan
Presecretory oxidation, aggregation, and autophagic destruction of apoprotein-B: A pathway for late-stage quality control

Hepatic secretion of apolipoprotein-B (apoB), the major protein of atherogenic lipoproteins, is regulated through posttranslational degradation. We reported a degradation pathway, post-ER pre secretory proteolysis (PERPP), that is increased by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated within hepatocytes from dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). We now report the molecular processes by which PUFA-derived ROS regulate PERPP of apoB. ApoB exits the ER; undergoes limited oxidant-dependent aggregation; and then, upon exit from the Golgi, becomes extensively oxidized and converted into large aggregates. The aggregates slowly degrade by an autophagic process. None of the oxidized, aggregated material leaves cells, thereby preventing export of apoB-lipoproteins containing potentially toxic lipid peroxides. In summary, apoB secretory control via PERPP/autophagosomes is likely a key component of normal and pathologic regulation of plasma apoB levels, as well as a means for remarkably late-stage quality control of a secreted protein.
Changes in photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, gas exchange parameters and osmotic potential to salt stress during early seedling stage in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Salinity is a serious problem all over the world with an average of 830 M ha being affected. In India, it’s about 13.3 M ha with coastal and inland salinity. The present study focused on effects of salinity on chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, gas exchange parameters and osmotic potential in different salt concentration. The chlorophyll content reduced as salinity level increases and chlorophyll a and b concentration coincides with decrease in Fv/Fm ratio. The genotype IR72593 exhibited better survival response than the susceptible genotype IR29. The sensitive cultivar IR29 responds to salinity stress quickly and did not recover after one week of salinity stress which led to complete plant death. Tolerant genotypes showed lower reduction in gas exchange parameters, while IR29 showed sudden reduction during the initial hours of salt stress and decreased at 312 hours due to complete death of plants. Osmotic potential becomes negative with increase in salinity level irrespective of genotypes; however tolerant genotype responds lower than sensitive genotype. This differential response of tolerant genotypes to salinity stress is due to the reduced transpiration rate and closure of stomatal openings during stress period, with no significant change in chlorophyll content. The transpiration rate and stomatal conductance is positively associated with intake of Na ions into the plant system.
Least squares design of nonuniform filter banks with evaluation in speech enhancement

This paper presents a method for least squares design of nonuniform filter banks for application in subband signal processing. Design objectives aim to optimize the filter bank frequency response while minimizing subband and output aliasing. Aliasing is minimized although magnitude and phase changes affect the aliasing terms. Filter banks with increasing bandwidth are designed with the proposed method and evaluated in speech enhancement using a spectral subtraction algorithm. When using a nonuniform frequency resolution approximating that of the human auditory system it is shown that an increased noise reduction and SNR improvement is achieved while maintaining the speech quality for a fixed number of frequency-bands.
Susceptibility of Human Diploid Fibroblast Strains to Transformation by SV40 Virus

A quantitative system has been developed for the study of transformation of human diploid fibroblasts in culture by two oncogenic viruses, SV40 and the E46 strain of adeno 7-SV40 "hybrid" virus. Seven of the eleven cell strains derived from human skin biopsies when infected with SV40 (109 tissue culture infective doses per milliliter) gave rise to transformed colonies with approximately the same frequency (0.03 percent). Two strains derived from patients with Fanconi's anemia, an autosomal recessive disease associated with a high incidence of chromosome abnormalities and spontaneous neoplasms, gave values more than ten times higher. Two strains from persons heterozygous for this gene were also considerably more susceptible to viral transformation.
Immunity to viruses

The analysis of the innate and adaptive immune response to viruses has provided fundamental insight into the functioning of the immune system. Early studies on the host response to virus infection were instrumental in establishing the concept of immunological tolerance (1). Similarly, the realization that T lymphocytes are ‘restricted’ in their recognition of antigens by gene products encoded within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus came from the analysis of T-lymphocyte recognition of virus-infected cells (2). Likewise, important initial insights into antigen processing and presentation came from the analysis of viruses and virus-infected cells (3, 4). Until recently, it was convenient to view immunity to infectious agents like viruses as a separate branch of immunology distinct from immunity to tumors, self-molecules (antigens), or allergens. As demonstrated in many of the articles in this volume of Immunological Reviews, the mechanisms underlying the induction and regulation of the innate and adaptive immune response to viruses represent the same processes controlling immunity to tumor antigens, allergens, and self-constituents. Thus, the results summarized in these review articles and the implications of these findings are applicable not only to those of us who study immunity to viruses but also to the immunology community at large. In selecting the topics for review in this volume of Immunological Reviews, we were first and foremost limited by space. Consequently, many important contributors to the field of viral immunology (indeed several topics) are not represented in this volume. Our selection of topics and authors was biased towards emerging areas, such as the application of systems biology approaches to viral pathogenesis and immunity, the contribution of inflammatory and stress responses to the induction of Innate and adaptive immune responses, and the impact of the microbiome on immunity to virus infection. We also considered it relevant to include reviews focused on well defined areas where recent findings have resulted in potential paradigm shifts in our understanding of topics such as B-lymphocyte or T-lymphocyte responses to virus infection. This volume of Immunological Reviews is also somewhat weighted towards analyses of the immune response to respiratory viruses. With the recent episodic infections with the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like coronavirus and the outbreak of human infections with the avian influenza A H7N9 virus, respiratory viruses such as these organisms are recognized as major human pathogens with the potential for pandemic spread. Therefore, this class of viruses is a focus of immunological research. The reviews in this volume can be grouped according to the following scheme: (i) molecules and cells regulating the induction of the innate and adaptive response, (ii) expression of immune effector activity, (iii) regulation of the antiviral immune response, and (iv) systems analysis of the host response to infection and vaccination (Fig. 1). Fig. 1 Immunity to viruses
PHYLOGENETIC POSITION OF THE NEW WORLD QUAIL (ODONTOPHORIDAE): EIGHT NUCLEAR LOCI AND THREE MITOCHONDRIAL REGIONS CONTRADICT MORPHOLOGY AND THE SIBLEY-AHLQUIST TAPESTRY

Abstract The evolutionary relationship between the New World quail (Odontophoridae) and other groups of Galliformes has been an area of debate. In particular, the relationship between the New World quail and guineafowl (Numidinae) has been difficult to resolve. We analyzed >8 kb of DNA sequence data from 16 taxa that represent all major lineages of Galliformes to resolve the phylogenetic position of New World quail. A combined data set of eight nuclear loci and three mitochondrial regions analyzed with maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods provide congruent and strong support for New World quail being basal members of a phasianid clade that excludes guineafowl. By contrast, the three mitochondrial regions exhibit modest incongruence with each other. This is reflected in the combined mitochondrial analyses that weakly support the Sibley-Ahlquist topology that placed the New World quail basal in relation to guineafowl and led to the placement of New World quail in its own family, sister to the Phasianidae. However, simulation-based topology tests using the mitochondrial data were unable to reject the topology suggested by our combined (mitochondrial and nuclear) data set. By contrast, similar tests using our most likely topology and our combined nuclear and mitochondrial data allow us to strongly reject the Sibley-Ahlquist topology and a topology based on morphological data that unites Old and New World quail. Posición Filogenética de las Codornices del Nuevo Mundo (Odontophoridae): Ocho Loci Nucleares y Tres Regiones Mitocondriales Contradicen la Morfología y la Filogenia de Sibley y Ahlquist
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of CBX4 and CBX7 Decrease the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background The chromobox (CBX) proteins CBX2, CBX4, CBX6, CBX7, and CBX8, also known as Polycomb (Pc) proteins, are canonical components of the Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1). Abundant evidence indicates that abnormal expression of Pc proteins is associated with a variety of tumors, but their role in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we performed a case-control study to investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CBX genes and HCC. Methods Nine SNPs on CBX genes (rs7217395, rs2036316 of CBX2; rs3764374, rs1285251, rs2289728 of CBX4; rs7292074 of CBX6; and rs710190, rs139394, rs5750753 of CBX7) were screened and genotyped using MassARRAY technology in 334 HCC cases and 321 controls. The association between SNPs and their corresponding gene expressions was analyzed through bioinformatics methods using the Ensembl database and Blood eQTL browser online tools. Results The results indicated that rs2289728 (G>A) of CBX4 (P = 0.03, OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.33-0.94) and rs139394 (C>A) of CBX7 (P = 0.02, OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.33-0.90) decreased the risk of HCC. Interaction between rs2036316 and HBsAg increased the risk of HCC (P = 0.02, OR = 6.88, 95% CI: 5.20-9.11), whereas SNP-SNP interaction between rs710190 and rs139394 reduced the risk of HCC (P = 0.03, OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.12-0.91). Gene expression analyses showed that the rs2289728 A allele and the rs139394 A allele significantly reduced CBX4 and CBX7 expression, respectively. Conclusion Our findings suggest that CBX4 rs2289728 and CBX7 rs139394 are protective SNPs against HCC. The two SNPs may reduce the risk of HCC while suppressing the expression of CBX4 and CBX7.
The short form 36 (SF36) in a specialist tinnitus clinic: La forma corta 36 (SF36) en una clínica especializada en acüfenos

Tinnitus is an extremely common condition which is known to have an effect on quality of life. This study reports the health profile of tinnitus sufferers who attend a specialist tinnitus clinic. This crosssectional study uses the self-report questionnaire SF36. Two hundred consecutive new patients completed the questionnaire as part of their assessment in a specialist tinnitus clinic in Wales. In all eight scales of the SF36 the mean scores were below that of the general population. Compared to a reference population patients referred to a specialist tinnitus clinic show a reductión in their age/sex-adjusted health profile which is comparable to that of people reporting low back pain. The findings also lend weight to the suggestion that tinnitus sufferers may have a general response bias. El acüfeno es una condition extremadamente comun que suele tener un efecto sobre la calidad de vida. Este estudio reporta el perfil de salud de pacientes que sufren de acüfeno, quienes acuden a una clínica especializada en acúfenos. Este estudio de sectión cruzada utiliza el cuestionario de autoreporte SF36. Doscientos pacientes nuevos consecutivos completaron el cuestionario como parte de su evaluatión en una clínica especializada en acúfeno en Gales. En todas las ocho escalas del SF36 los puntajes medios estuvieron por debajo de aquellos de la población general. Comparados a una población de referencia de pacientes enviados a una clínica especializada en acúfeno muestran una reductión en su perfil de salud ajustado a edad y sexo, que es comparable a aquel de personas reportando lumbalgias. Este hallazgo da lugar a la sugerencia de que los pacientes que sufren de acúfeno tienen un sesgo general de respuesta.
The Familiar-Size Cue to Distance and Stereoscopic Depth Perception

The role of the familiar-size cue to distance in stereoscopic depth perception was examined in two experiments. In experiment 1 subjects judged the depth of a binocularly viewed interval, the far point of which was defined by either a familiar or an unfamiliar object, and in experiment 2 subjects adjusted the depth of the interval so that its extent appeared equal to the length of a vertical reference extent positioned on the surface of the object. Although familiar size influenced depth estimates (experiment 1) it did not influence matching judgments (experiment 2). The findings are discussed with reference to the issue of the nature of the familiar-size effects on judgments of stereoscopic depth.
A Full-Duplex PON with Hybrid 64/16/4QAM OFDM Downlink and Hybrid 16/8/QPSK OFDM Uplink

In the context of next-generation optical access networks beyond 10 G, for high SE and flexible dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA), the scheme of hybrid 64/16/4QAM-OFDM signal for downlink transmission and hybrid 16/8/QPSK-OFDM signal for uplink transmission is successfully proposed and experimentally presented in a full-duplex PON based on OFDM system. Here, for the uplink, in order to unit management of the optical line terminal (OLT) and reduce cost, the optical source functioned as the optical subcarrier at optical network units (ONUs) is from OLT in the central station. Moreover, there is an external cavity laser (ECL) with center frequency of 193.2 THz not only employed as optical modulated signal but also acted as LO signal. Our simulation results show that bit error ratio (BER) under hardware detection forward error correction has been successfully gained after 20 km of SSMF transmission. It is observed that the receiver sensitivity of multilevel PSK (M-PSK) is obviously larger than that of the M-QAM in this measurement scheme.
Predicting Cyber Risks through National Vulnerability Database

ABSTRACT Software vulnerabilities are the major cause of cyber security problems. The National Vulnerability Database (NVD) is a public data source that maintains standardized information about reported software vulnerabilities. Since its inception in 1997, NVD has published information about more than 43,000 software vulnerabilities affecting more than 17,000 software applications. This information is potentially valuable in understanding trends and patterns in software vulnerabilities so that one can better manage the security of computer systems that are pestered by the ubiquitous software security flaws. In particular, one would like to be able to predict the likelihood that a piece of software contains a yet-to-be-discovered vulnerability, which must be taken into account in security management due to the increasing trend in zero-day attacks. We conducted an empirical study on applying data-mining techniques on NVD data with the objective of predicting the time to next vulnerability for a given software application. We experimented with various features constructed using the information available in NVD and applied various machine learning algorithms to examine the predictive power of the data. Our results show that the data in NVD generally have poor prediction capability, with the exception of a few vendors and software applications. We suggest possible reasons for why the NVD data have not produced a reasonable prediction model for time to next vulnerability with our current approach, and suggest alternative ways in which the data in NVD can be used for the purpose of risk estimation.
Efficient Beamforming in Cognitive Radio Multicast Transmission

The optimal beamforming problems for cognitive multicast transmission are quadratic nonconvex optimization problems. The standard approach is to convert the problems into the form of semi-definite programming (SDP) with the aid of rank relaxation and later employ randomization techniques for solution search. However, in many cases, this approach brings solutions that are far from the optimal ones. We consider the problem of minimizing the total power transmitted by the antenna array subject to quality-of-service (QoS) at the secondary receivers and interference constraints at the primary receivers. It is shown that this problem, which is known to be nonconvex NP-hard, can be approximated by a convex second-order cone programming (SOCP) problem. Then, an iterative algorithm in which the SOCP approximation is successively improved is presented. Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed approach in terms of total transmitted power and feasibility, together with a reduced computational complexity, as compared to the existing ones, for both the perfect and imperfect channel state information (CSI) cases. It is further shown that the proposed approach can be used to address the max-min fairness (MMF) based beamforming problem.
Effects of gum arabic (Acacia senegal) on water and electrolyte balance in healthy mice.

OBJECTIVE Gum arabic (GA) is a dietary fiber derived from the dried exudates of Acacia senegal. It is widely used in both the pharmaceutical and food industries as an emulsifier and stabilizer. It is also used in the traditional treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease in Middle Eastern countries. However, the effects of GA on renal function remain ill-defined. DESIGN We explored the effects of GA on the water and electrolyte balance of healthy wild-type 129S1/SvImJ mice (n = 18). Feces and urine were collected in metabolic cages before and after 3 or 14 days of treatment with 10% GA in drinking water. RESULTS The GA solutions contained particularly high concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+. Because of enhanced uptake, treatment with GA significantly increased both the intestinal and renal excretion of Mg2+ and Ca(2+). The latter was accompanied by decreased urinary excretion of inorganic phosphate and decreased plasma concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D. Moreover, GA significantly increased fecal weight and Na+ excretion. Gum arabic increased 24-h creatinine clearance (from 283 +/- 35 to 382 +/- 40 muL/min [SEM]) and urinary antidiuretic hormone excretion, and decreased daily urine output (from 1.8 +/- 0.2 to 1.2 +/- 0.1 mL/24 h) as well as the urinary excretion of Na(+) (from 226 +/- 22 to 196 +/- 19 mumol/24 h). In conclusion, treatment with GA resulted in moderate but significant increases of creatinine clearance and altered electrolyte excretion, i.e., effects favorable in renal insufficiency.