Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the correlation between intermodulation distortion and RF transconductance for microwave GaN HEMT

This paper investigates the correlation between intermodulation distortion and RF transconductance in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) grown on SiC Substrate. Two-tone intermodulation distortion measurements were carried out across a comprehensive biasing range changing the frequency and ambient temperature and input power to point out this correlation. The main contribution is that, the correlation between intermodulation distortion and the behavior of transconductance and its derivatives (Gm, Gm2, and Gm3) is investigated and summarized. It is demonstrated that the nonlinearity is directly correlated to the RF transconductance behavior where the peak values of the fundamental IMD arise at the peak of Gm and the null points in IMD2 and IMD3 arises when Gm2 and Gm3 alters from positive to negative magnitudes. The changes in frequency, input power and temperature affect the threshold voltage VT which in turn impacts on that phenomenon. As the nulls/notches are crucial indicator for identifying minimum distortion level, an empirical model for null’s current is develop in correlation with transconductance. Finally, the measured and simulated IMDs as well as the null’s current shows very good agreement. In addition, the small-signal measurement and as well as the de-embedding of the device has been done before the IMD study. The power gain and its derivatives also compared to the transconductance. This analysis is important to know how the intermodulation distortion products behave and to identify a distortion free device at the particular operation point of interest.
The Economic Consequences of Ageing: The Case of Finland

Finland’s population is set to age rapidly in the coming decades. This will put pressure on public finances, while shrinking labour resources. Nonetheless, solutions exist to alleviate those pressures. Adjusting the pension age in line with the rise in life expectancy would reduce pension costs and increase older workers’ employment, provided it is accompanied by the removal of the pathways to early retirement. In order to allow people to work longer, labour market flexibility should be enhanced and lifelong training promoted further. Active labour market policies should be strengthened so as to increase the labour force participation of youth, childbearing age women and the long-term unemployed. Finally, ageing should not only be seen as a burden as it can also create opportunities for innovation and new markets and industries. Information and communications technologies, where Finland has a strong knowledge base, can help the elderly stay as autonomous as possible, which would contain long-term care costs and improve well-being. This Working Paper relates to the 2014 OECD Economic Survey of Finland (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economicsurvey- finland.htm). Les consequences economiques du vieillissement : Le cas de la Finlande La population de la Finlande est en passe de vieillir rapidement dans les decennies a venir. Ceci devrait mettre sous tension les finances publiques et reduire les ressources en main-d’oeuvre. Toutefois, des solutions existent pour alleger ces tensions. Ajuster l’âge du depart a la retraite pour tenir compte de l’allongement de l’esperance de vie permettrait de reduire les couts des pensions et d’accroitre l’emploi des travailleurs seniors, a condition d’etre accompagne d’une suppression des passerelles vers la retraite anticipee. Pour que les individus puissent travailler plus longtemps, le marche du travail devrait etre rendu plus flexible et la formation tout au long de la vie encouragee. Les politiques actives du marche du travail devraient etre renforcees afin d’accroitre le taux d’activite des jeunes, des femmes en âge de procreer et des chomeurs de longue duree. Enfin, le vieillissement de la population ne devrait pas etre considere comme un phenomene uniquement negatif, car il peut aussi est porteur de perspectives d’innovation et d’emergence de nouveaux marches et de nouveaux secteurs d’activite. Les technologies de l’information et des communications, ou la Finlande possede une solide base de connaissance, peuvent aider les personnes âgees a rester aussi autonomes que possible, ce qui permettrait de contenir les couts des soins a long terme et d’ameliorer le bien-etre. Ce Document de travail se rapporte a l’Etude economique de l’OCDE de la Finlande, 2014 (www.oecd.org/fr/eco/etudes/etude-economique-finlande.htm).
Using chemical language to shape future marine health

"Infochemicals" (information-conveying chemicals) dominate much of the underwater communication in biological systems. They influence the movement and behavior of organisms, the ecological interactions between and across populations, and the trophic structure of marine food webs. However, relative to their terrestrial equivalents, the wider ecological and economic importance of marine infochemicals remains understudied and a concerted, cross-disciplinary effort is needed to reveal the full potential of marine chemical ecology. We highlight current challenges with specific examples and suggest how research on the chemical ecology of marine organisms could provide opportunities for implementing new management solutions for future "blue growth" (the sustainable use of ocean resources) and maintaining healthy marine ecosystems.
Antibacterial Potency of Honey

Despite the developments in controlling infectious disease around the world, they are still the second biggest cause of morbidity and mortality due in part to the increase in drug resistance among large numbers of the bacterial strains. This means that new strategies are needed to prevent and treat infectious disease. As a result, several ancient methods have been re-evaluated and the substances/procedures employed historically to cure diseases are now attracting renewed scientific attention. Honey is one such product that used to be widely used to combat bacteria. This review covers the antibacterial activity of honey, its use in the treatment of infection and diseases, and the features that are relevant to its activity.
DynVarMIP: Assessing the Dynamics and Variability of the Stratosphere-Troposphere System

the Stratosphere-Troposphere System 2 3 Edwin P. Gerber and Elisa Manzini 4 1 Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, 251 Mercer Street, New York NY 5 10012, USA. 6 2 Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie, Bundesstraße 53, 20146 Hamburg, Germany 7 Correspondence to: Elisa Manzini (elisa.manzini@mpimet.mpg.de) 8 9 Abstract. Diagnostics of atmospheric momentum and energy transport are needed to investigate the 10 origin of circulation biases in climate models and to understand the atmospheric response to natural and 11 anthropogenic forcing. Model biases in atmospheric dynamics are one of the factors that increase 12 uncertainty in projections of regional climate, precipitation, and extreme events. Here we define 13 requirements for diagnosing the atmospheric circulation and variability across temporal scales and for 14 evaluating the transport of mass, momentum and energy by dynamical processes in the context of the 15 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). These diagnostics target the assessments of 16 both resolved and parameterized dynamical processes in climate models, a novelty for CMIP, and are 17 particularly vital for assessing the impact of the stratosphere on surface climate change. 18 19
Predicate calculus for an architecture of multiple neural networks

Future projects with neural networks will require multiple individual network components. Current efforts along these lines are ad hoc. This paper relates the neural network to a classical device and derives a multi-part architecture from that model. Further it provides a Predicate Calculus variant for describing the location and nature of the trainings and suggests Resolution Refutation as a method for determining the performance of the system as well as the location of needed trainings for specific proofs. 2. THE NEURAL NETWORK AND A CLASSICAL DEVICE Recently investigators have been making reports about architectures of multiple neural networksL234. These efforts are appearing at an early stage in neural network investigations they are characterized by architectures suggested directly by the problem space. Touretzky and Hinton suggest an architecture for processing logical statements1 the design of this architecture arises from the syntax of a restricted class of logical expressions and exhibits syntactic limitations. In similar fashion a multiple neural netword arises out of a control problem2 from the sequence learning problem3 and from the domain of machine learning. 4 But a general theory of multiple neural devices is missing. More general attempts to relate single or multiple neural networks to classical computing devices are not common although an attempt is made to relate single neural devices to a Turing machines and Sun et a! develop a multiple neural architecture that performs pattern classification.
Improved Identification of Various Conditions of Induction Motor Bearing Faults

Artificial intelligence evolved as a powerful tool in condition monitoring of the induction motor for early diagnosis of bearing faults. This paper attempted to identify the features to improve the accuracy of diagnosis using the benchmark database of the Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) and the Machinery Fault Prevention Technology (MFPT). In this paper, 18 time-domain features are extracted constituting six proposed time-dependent spectral features (TDSFs) and 12 statistical time-domain features. For the first time, a set of six TDSFs are extracted to diagnose the bearing faults. This involves extracting frequency-domain features using the relationship between Parseval’s theorem and the Fourier transform directly from the time domain. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and wheel-based differential evolution (WBDE) feature selection algorithms are also implemented to identify four prominent features. It is found that three of the four selected features are TDSF features, and results of selected features revealed the attainment of 90.92% for 48 class identifications of CWRU database and 100% for 17 class identifications of the MFPT database, respectively.
Polarization-selective defect mode amplification in a photonic crystal with intracavity 2D arrays of metallic nanoparticles

We demonstrate the possibility of polarization-selective amplification of a defect mode in an active multilayered photonic crystal through the resonant excitation of surface plasmons in a 2D ordered array of metallic nanoparticles embedded in the structure. Such an array acts as a polarizer whose spectral characteristics are defined by the shape of the nanoparticles and the periodicity of the array. The modal selectivity of the photonic structure is due to the strong surface-plasmon-assisted scattering of light by anisotropic nanoparticles, which depends on the relative orientations of their anisotropy axis and the polarization direction of the incoming light wave. The spectral and polarimetric characteristics of the photonic structure are calculated using the transfer matrix formalism. The 2D array of nanoparticles is described within the coupled-dipole approximation and is associated with a matrix whose elements depend on the geometry of the array and the polarization of the radiation. We show that in order to achieve defect mode amplification for a chosen polarization in such a heterostructure, the position of the array of nanoparticles should be made to coincide with regions of high optical field localization. We also determine the structural characteristics of the nanoparticle array that enhance the sensitivity of the spectral behavior of the photonic heterostructure to the polarization state of the incoming light beam.
Relationship between spiritual well-being, religion, and hope among patients with cancer

Spiritual well-being, religion, and hope are important factors in coping with cancer among patients. Nurses need to understand these concepts within a cultural context. This study aimed to determine the relationship between spiritual well-being, religion, and hope in patients with cancer. Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study, 164 patients with cancer were selected using sequential convenience sampling method. Data were collected using a four-part questionnaire. Descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation and multivariate regression analysis were used to analyses the data. Results: There were significant correlations between the existential well-being, religious well-being, and the hope. There were also significant correlations between the intrinsic religious, religious practices, and the hope. Existential well-being, organizational religiousness and intrinsic religious beliefs predicted hope. Conclusion: The results of this study emphasized on the importance of the spiritual well-being and religion as variables affecting on hope in patients with cancer. This would help nurses and clinical specialists to focus on religion and spirituality well-being in order to increase hope in the patients
Performance Comparison Between Two-Level and Three-Level SiC-Based VFD Applications With Output Filters

One of the recent trends in power electronics field is to achieve high efficiency and compact size by using wide bandgap power devices such as silicon carbide (SiC) or gallium nitride switches. This paper compares the efficiency, the motor terminal voltage quality (dv/dt), and the common mode current of the SiC-based variable frequency drives (VFDs) according to the inverter topologies with and without the output filters. For this purpose, both the 2-level (2L) and 3-level (3L) topologies with SiC devices are built and tested. Here, the well-known 2L half-bridge inverter is compared with the well-known 3L T-type neutral point clamped inverter. A dv/dt filter and a sine wave filter have been discussed to satisfy the National Electrical Manufacturers Association standards as well. The experiments have been carried out with a 380-V/60-Hz, 3.7-kW induction motor and the custom designed power stages. Additionally, the experiments with both a 3-m and a 50-m cable length between the VFD and the induction motor are performed and reported.
Geospatial Preparedness: Empirical Study of Alternative Sources of Information for the Humanitarian Community

Abstract In response to a disaster, the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs creates a framework for cooperation in which Information Management Officers from different organisations can work together to provide decision makers with necessary information. Geospatial data are among the first information delivered. Recently, online mapping, remote sensing and the support of volunteers and technical communities wrought dramatic changes in the use of geospatial information, bringing new challenges to the digital humanitarian community. Information Management Officers are tapping alternative data sources, and institutions are adapting their working procedures to this new reality. The perspectives of these Information Management Officers have been studied through semi-structured interviews and monitoring of the tools used during responses to real emergencies. This study determines the required data and the relation with geospatial preparedness. It also explores the potential and limitations of development organisations, community mapping and social networks as alternative sources of information.
Cardiovascular drugs attenuated myocardial resistance against ischaemia-induced and reperfusion-induced injury in a rat model of repetitive occlusion

Objective We investigated the impact of cardioprotective drugs on ST-elevation, arrhythmias and infarct size in a rat model of repetitive coronary artery occlusion. Methods Seventy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomised to two control and five treatment groups. Placebo was either implantation of a pneumatic occluder onto the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) without starting repetitive occlusion (SHAM) or subsequent RO of the LAD over 10 days without medication (ROP). Treatment groups underwent RO and additionally received nitroglycerin (NTG), metoprolol, verapamil (VER), ranolazine (RAN) or candesartan (CAN). Two weeks after the intervention, rats underwent a single, sustained LAD occlusion followed by reperfusion. To evaluate differences in cardiac resistance against myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion injury, cardiac surrogate parameters including maximal ST-elevation, arrhythmias and infarct size were assessed. Results Compared with sham, RO alone and RO plus nitroglycerin were associated with significantly lower maximal ST-elevation and percentage of infarcted myocardium (SHAM 0.12 mV, ROP 0.06 mV (p=0.004), NTG 0.05 mV (p=0.005); SHAM 16.2%, ROP 6.6% (p=0.008), NTG 5.9% (p=0.006). Compared with RO alone, RO plus RAN was accompanied by increased ST-elevation (0.13 mV, p=0.018) and RO plusVER or CAN by more infarcted myocardium (14.2%, p=0.004% and 15.5%, p=0.003, respectively). Rats treated with VER, RAN or CAN tended to severe arrhythmias more frequently than those of the control groups. Conclusions RO led to an increased myocardial resistance against ischaemia and reperfusion injury. Concomitant administration of nitroglycerin did not affect the efficacy of RO. Cardiovascular channel or receptor blockers reduced the efficacy of RO.
Normal impact of liquid droplets on smooth solid surfaces

Dans le cadre de la modelisation et de l’experimentation multi-echelles (projet LabEx MMCD pour les materiaux pour la construction durable) de l’Universite Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallee, cette these de doctorat vise a modeliser et caracteriser les micro-materiaux concus par impact de gouttelettes de ceramique fondue. Les applications de ces materiaux revetus de couches minces sont des traitements de surface pour la construction durable tels que la protection anti-corrosion, les barrieres thermiques, le traitement du verre ou les renforts mecaniques. En particulier, nous nous concentrons sur la physique associee a la dynamique des gouttelettes liquides (l'aire de contact et le temps de contact entre la gouttelette et la surface) en effectuant une serie de simulations numeriques pour les ecoulements diphasiques a petite echelle avec le code maison Thetis. Nous avons considere des variations des conditions d'impact initiales ainsi que l’influence des forces d'inertie, capillaire et visqueuses sur la dynamique des gouttelettes. Nous nous sommes interesses en particulier au diametre d'etalement maximal, au temps d’etalement maximal et au temps de contact, sur des surfaces solides de mouillabilite variable. Le code est base sur l’utilisation d’une methode Volume-Of-Fluid. Il introduit une fonction auxiliaire regularisee pour estimer la courbure locale et la normale a l'interface. Les principaux liquides de reference adoptes sont l'eau et la ceramique fondue, l'eau est choisie pour valider notre code en comparant les simulations aux resultats experimentaux. La ceramique fondue est adoptee car elle est largement utilisee en projection thermique pour creer des barrieres thermiques et chimiques (couches anti-oxydantes) ainsi que des renforts mecaniques sur des echantillons specifiques. Nous nous concentrons sur les cas ou les surfaces sont hydrophobes, meme si les cas hydrophiles sont egalement consideres dans les configurations de validation pour des raisons de generalite. Egalement, en introduisant une partie de calcul de l'energie dans la these, une analyse energetique detaillee de la gouttelette apres l'impact est effectuee dans les phases d'etalement et de retraction pour bien comprendre la dynamique a l'interieur de la gouttelette. Nous trouvons que le temps de projection est inversement proportionnel a la vitesse d’impact, independamment de l’angle de contact lors de l’etalement au temps courts. Une nouvelle mise a l'echelle entre l'etalement maximal et le temps d'etalement est proposee. Celle-ci s'accorde tres bien avec les resultats experimentaux. Par ailleurs, nous introduisons cette mise a l’echelle dans une classe de modele basee sur la conservation de l’energie pour predire l’etalement maximal adimensionne, ce qui permet de mieux prevoir l’etalement maximal adimensionne. Pour finir, une mise a l'echelle du temps de contact est proposee en termes de nombre d'Ohnesorge et de Reynolds
High-Resolution, Rapid-Scan Dual-Doppler Retrievals of Vertical Velocity in a Simulated Supercell

Observation system simulation experiments are used to evaluate different dual-Doppler analysis (DDA) methods for retrieving vertical velocity w at grid spacings on the order of 100 m within a simulated tornadic supercell. Variational approaches with and without a vertical vorticity equation constraint are tested, along with a typical (traditional) method involving vertical integration of the mass conservation equation. The analyses employ emulated radar data from dual-Doppler placements 15, 30, and 45 km east of the mesocyclone, with volume scan intervals ranging from 10 to 150 s. The effect of near-surface data loss is examined by denying observations below 1 km in some of the analyses. At the longer radar ranges and when no data denial is imposed, the “traditional” method produces results similar to those of the variational method and is much less expensive to implement. However, at close range and/or with data denial, the variational method is much more accurate, confirming results from previous studies. The vorticity constraint shows the potential to improve the variational analysis substantially, reducing errors in the w retrieval by up to 30% for rapid-scan observations (≤30 s) at close range when the local vorticity tendency is estimated using spatially variable advection correction. However, the vorticity constraint also degrades the analysis for longer scan intervals, and the impact diminishes with increased range. Furthermore, analyses using 30-s data also frequently outperform analyses using 10-s data, suggesting a limit to the benefit of increasing the radar scan rate for variational DDA employing the vorticity constraint.
Free Pipe Effects On Guided Wave Propagation

The effects of free pipe on the pseudo-Rayleigh and Stoneley waves are studied by in troducing a fluid annulus between the casing and cement layers of a cased borehole model. The existence of a fluid annulus region results in a second Stoneley mode being generated which propagates primarily in the annulus. The propagation and attenua tion of this second mode are controlled by the fluid annulus, cement, and formation properties. The primary or central Stoneley mode becomes decoupled from the effects of formation when the free pipe situation exists, and its propagation and attenuation are controlled by the central fluid and casing properties only. The amplitude of the second Stoneley mode increases as the annulus thickness increases, but in most cases is an order of magnitude less than the primary mode amplitude. The pseudo-Rayleigh wave becomes more dispersive as the annulus region increases in thickness.
Toxin Inactivation in Toxin/Antitoxin Systems

Toxin/antitoxin (TA) systems are used primarily to inhibit phage, reduce metabolic activity during stress, and maintain genetic elements. Given the extreme toxicity of some of the toxins of these TA systems, we were curious how the cell silences toxins, if the antitoxin is inactivated or when toxins are obtained without antitoxins via horizontal gene transfer. Here we find that the RalR (type I), MqsR (type II), GhoT (type V), and Hha (type VII) toxins are inactivated primarily by a mutation that inactivates the toxin promoter or via the chromosomal mutations iraM and mhpR.