Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kraft lignin: a novel alternative to oil spill cleanup recycling industrial waste

Oil spills occur frequently due to negligence or through acts of vandalism or war. Marine oil spills damage marine, coastal, and ter¬restrial habitats, as well as impact coastal economies. In order to palliate such issues, researchers are working to develop cost ef¬fective and environmentally safe methods of adsorbing oil from oil spills. In this paper, a complex chemical compound found in the secondary cell walls of plants and ex¬tracted as a waste product of the pulping process known as kraft lignin was tested as an adsorbing material for oil spills. Lignin is light, and its high surface energy and wet¬tability allow it to interact with charged oil droplets. It was found that lignin can absorb 80% of the carbon introduced into water by oil spills within 12 hours of treatment. This study demonstrates a novel method for resolving oil spills using kraft lignin. After it is saturated with oil, lignin can be inciner¬ated, and its high calorific value can be used to produce energy from what would other¬wise be a waste product. Les fuites de petrole sont produites frequemment a cause de la negligence, des actes de vandalisme ou de la guerre. Les fuites de petrole en mer en¬dommagent les ecosystemes maritimes, cotieres et terrestres, et affectent les economies cotieres. Pour attenuer de tels problemes, les chercheurs tentent de developper des methodes rentables et ecologiques pour absorber le petrole des fuites. Dans ce rapport, un compose chimique compli¬que trouve dans la paroi cellulaire secondaire des plantes et extrait comme produit residuaire du processus de reduction en pâte, connu sous le nom de lignine ‘kraft’, a ete teste comme materiel absorbant pour les fuites de petrole. Les pro¬prietes de la lignine, y compris sa legerete, son energie de surface elevee et sa mouillabilite, la permettent d’interagir avec les gouttes de petrole chargees. La lignine est capable d’absorber 80% du charbon introduit dans l’eau par les fuites de petrole en 12 heures de traitement ou moins. Cette etude demontre une solution originale pour l’absorption du petrole des fuites petro-lieres. Apres avoir ete saturee avec le petrole, la lignine peut etre incineree, et sa valeur calori-fique elevee permet la production d’energie a partir de ce qui aurait ete autrement gaspille.
High radiogenic heat–producing granites and metamorphism—An example from the western Mount Isa inlier, Australia: Comment and Reply REPLY

Foster and Rubenach agree with our analysis that burial of the high heat–producing Sybella granite in the Western fold belt, Mount Isa, is capable of generating the metamorphic signature associated with the Isan orogeny. However, they dispute the general applicability of our model, arguing that
Morphological Change During The Ontogeny Of The Planktic Foraminifera

Development plays an important part in shaping adult morphology and morphological disparity, yet its influence on evolutionary processes is seldom explored because of a lack of preservation of ontogenetic stages in the fossil record. By preserving their entire ontogenetic history within their test, and with the advent of high-resolution imaging techniques, planktic foraminifera allow us to investigate the influence of developmental constraints on disparity. Using Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM), we reconstruct the ontogenetic progression of seven species across several of the major morphotypic groups of planktic foraminifera, including morphotypes of a species exhibiting high phenotypic plasticity and closely related pseudo-cryptic sister-taxa. We show differences in growth patterns between the globigerinid species, which appear more tightly regulated within the framework of isometry from the neanic stage, and the globorotaliid species, whose adult stages present allometric trends. Morphological change through ontogeny results in a change in surface area to volume ratios. Different metabolic processes therefore dominate at different stages of ontogeny, changing the vulnerability of the organism to environmental influences over growth, from factors affecting diffusion rates in the juvenile to those affecting energy supply in the adult. These findings identify some of the parameters within which evolutionary mechanisms have to act.
Performance evaluation of routing protocols under different mobility models over MANETs

A Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of mobile wireless nodes that can dynamically form a network without necessarily using any pre-existing infrastructure. Due to the potential ease of deployment, it is widely used in civilian & military applications. Its multihop connectivity allows the transmission range to be extended infinitely. While its intriguing features enable MANETs to be installed in many situations where traditional networks are unavailable, destroyed or impossible, they pose several problems which arise due to the shared nature of the wireless medium, limited transmission range of wireless devices, node mobility and energy constraints etc. Mobility models define the movement of mobile nodes with respect to location, velocity and acceleration in MANET. Transmissions of Packets between the mobile devices are controlled by Routing Protocols. Performance of routing protocol is affected by mobility rate as well as mobility model used in the simulation. Mobility Models that are used commonly are either non realistic (Random Waypoint) or Semi-realistic (Reference Point Group, Manhattan and Freeway mobility ). In this paper, we have used routing protocols from reactive, proactive and hybrid categories to make comparison. The performance routing protocols is observed in non realistic as well as semi- realistic mobility model. The aim of this paper, is to determine the performance measures like throughput, packet delivery ratio, Average end-to-end delay, and Routing overhead of MANET’s Routing - AODV, DSDV, OLSR and ZRP with varying scalability and offered load under different mobility models. The impact of network density on the performance of these said routing protocols under Random Way Point, Random Point Group mobility, Manhattan and Freeway mobility models is observed under NS2 simulator.
Medical Malpractice: Theory, Evidence, and Public Policy

Introduction I. Framework And Evidence 1. Tort Liability as a System of Quality Control 2. Malpractice: A Problem of Injuries or Claims? 3. The Disposition of Malpractice Claims 4. The Frequency and Severity of Malpractice Claims II. Issues In Medical Malpractice Insurance 5. The Malpractice Insurance Market 6. The 1975 Insurance Crisis: Causes and Solutions 7. Insurance versus Prevention: The Optimal Trade-off III. Reforms and Alternatives 8. The Standard of Care 9. Size and Structure of Awards 10. The Statute of Limitations 11. Costs of Litigation 12. Alternatives: Private Contract and No-Fault Summary and Conclusions Abbreviations References Notes Index
One Time Password Generation from Retinal Images

Authentication is process in which right user will be given access to resource. Authentication protects resource to access from unauthorised user. There various traditional techniques are available for authentication. But these techniques have disadvantages. To overcome this disadvantages multi-factor authentication is used for authentication. In multi-factor authentication more than one authentication method is combined to perform authentication. One form of authentication that is mostly used with other forms of authentication for multifactor authentication is one time password (OTP). One time password is valid for one login session. In this paper we conduct survey of existing one time password generation methods.
Electricity Consumption in Brunei Darussalam : Challenges in Energy Conservation

Brunei Darussalam is considered to be one of the highest consumers of electricity per capita in the world, and the domestic households account for the highest electricity consumption in the country. Bruneian households enjoy low electricity tariff which leads to over-consumption of electricity. This paper examines the behavioural pattern of the electricity consumption among Bruneian households residing at Lambak Kanan National Housing Scheme, using two approaches including end-use metering of several common household appliances and survey questionnaire on electricity consumption behaviour and energy conservation. The paper also attempts to compare the findings of the study with the data on electricity consumption in Singapore. Findings suggest that Bruneian households consumed high amount of electricity and among the studied appliances, air-conditioning and fluorescent lighting take up a great proportion of the electricity. Energy conservation is not new within the households but implementation of it is still lacking. Challenges on energy conservation, thus were revealed as low energy-efficient technologies integrated in building systems, lack of knowledge on the benefits of energy conservation among households and the disincentive low electricity pricing system. Ultimately, rigorous methods to tackle the challenges are needed in the country in order to curb the excessive usage of electricity and to conserve energy as a whole.
Entrepreneurship research: A bibliometric study of the EnANPADs 1997-2008

We have witnessed a fast growth in academic interest on entrepreneurship over the past two to three decades, although at disparate paces in different countries. A wealth of papers presented and published, books, dedicated journals, websites, professional and research groups have emerged accompanying this increased interest. It is thus important to understand what are these scholars studying. In this paper we examine the state of the art in entrepreneurship research in Brazil, by scrutinizing the entire track record of the papers presented at the EnANPAD over a twelve years period: 1997 -to 2008. The results of the bibliometric analysis revealed that entrepreneurship research maintains a broad spectrum of interests, focusing both on contextual, individual and process issues. Less visible is a unified theoretical background or the use of established theories foundational to other management disciplines. It is notable the increase in Brazilian entrepreneurship research, both empiric, theoretical and case-study based. We conclude with an umbrella discussion and suggestions for future research.
Authentic Leadership Theory : Enhancements from 1 Peter 5 : 1-5

This hermeneutical study of 1 Peter 5:1-5 examines the Apostle Peter’s insights into leadership and how they might add insight, critique, or refine Authentic Leadership Theory (ALT). After performing a genre analysis of the biblical text and uncovering its leadership implications, these implications are intersected with the four constructs of ALT: self-awareness, relational transparency, balanced processing, and internalized moral perspective. Although many areas of congruence surfaced between 1 Peter 5:1-5 and ALT, a number of qualitative differences and emphases also emerged in the areas of suffering, the nature of leadership, the role of community, and the value of an external orientation. ALT remains in the formative stages of development and could benefit from re-examining the concept of authenticity in ancient virtue philosophy while retaining the insights of modern psychology. Leadership insights from 1 Peter 5:1-5, as well as from additional scripture passages, show promise for further gains toward a more robust theory of authentic leadership.
Interchange reconnection between an active region and a coronal hole

With data from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly and the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory, we present a magnetic interaction between an isolated coronal hole (CH) and an emerging active region (AR). The AR emerged nearby the CH and interacted with it. Bright loops constantly formed between them, which led to a continuous retreat of the CH boundaries (CHBs). Meanwhile, two coronal dimmings respectively appeared at the negative polarity of the AR and the east boundary of the bright loops, and the AR was partly disturbed. Loop eruptions followed by a flare occurred in the AR. The interaction was also accompanied by many jets and an arc-shaped brightening that appeared to be observational signatures of magnetic reconnection at the CHBs. By comparing the observations with the derived coronal magnetic configuration, it is suggested that the interaction between the CH and the AR excellently agreed with the model of interchange reconnection. It appears that our observations provide obvious evidence for interchange reconnection.
Stratigraphy of the Keku Islets and neighboring parts of Kuiu and Kupreanof Islands, southeastern Alaska

_________________________________________________________ Cl Introduction. _____________________________________________________ 2 Physical setting_______________________________________________ 2 Previous work. _______________________________________________ 4 Purpose of present study. ____________________________________ 5 Fieldwork and acknowledgments. ________________________________ 5 Silurian System. __________________________________________________ 6 Bay of Pillars Formation____--_______. __. _. _____. ____. _. ___ 6 Kuiu Limestone_. _-____. __. _. ___________ _________________ 11 Red arkose___________________________________________________ 12 Volcanic graywacke and argillite. ---________. ______________. -__--13 Silurian or Devonian System___________________. ____________________ 14 Volcanic breccia. ___---_____________________-___-______-__-_--14 Devonian System. ________________________________________________ 15 Gambier Bay Formation _______________________________________ 15 Limestone. _ __________________________________________________ 18 Carboniferous Systems. _______________. ______--__-_-_______-------19 Crinoidal limestone. _______________________ ___________________ 19 Saginaw Bay Formation. ____________. ___-_. _-___-___. _---_---_20 Permian System. ---______________________________________-_---_--22 Halleck Formation________________ ___________________________ 22 Cannery Formation. ___________________________________________ 23 Pybus Formation. _______--________________________________ 25 Triassic System. ____. ______. _. _. ___. ___. __. ____. _______. ---. -. --26 Keku Volcanics_ ______________________________________________ 26 Hyd Group____. _. _. _. ______. _. _. _. ____. _. ____. 28 Burnt Island Conglomerate. ________________________________ 29 Cornwallis Limestone___-_-_______-___-__-----____--------34 Hamilton Island Limestone. __________-_____--_____--------34 Hound Island Volcanics____________________--______----_--35 Jurassic and Cretaceous Systems-----. ---. -. -----------------------44 Seymour Canal Formation. ____________________________----_---44 Cretaceous System. ________________________________________________ 44 Lithic sandstone and mudstone--. ___-_--_----------------------44 Cretaceous (? ) System _________________-_____---__------__---------45 Hornblendite. -. ___-__. _. _____--_-_--. _---___----------------45 Granitic rocks. ________________________________-______--------45 Tertiary System. ___________________________-_____-----_---------47 Kootznahoo Formation. __________________________---__-------47 Altered dellenite flows____--__-____--_-----------_-----------48 Gabbro and microgabbro___________________-__----------------49 Structure. __________________________________--__----------_-----50 References. _____________________________________-_--__--_--------52
Validation of the Malay Version of Zarit Burden Interview (MZBI)

Background: Caregiver burden is an important outcome commonly investigated in both observational and interventional literatures associated with caregiving of patients. Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) is the oldest and most widely used measure for assessment of caregiver burden. Since the publication of the original version in 1980, various translated and shorter revised versions of the ZBI in multiple languages have been produced. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Malay version of Zarit Burden Interview (MZBI) for assessment of the caregiver burden among the local family caregivers of cancer patients. Methods: In total, 50 family caregivers of cancer patients in a government tertiary hospital in Sarawak were recruited in this cross-sectional study using non-random sampling method. The caregivers were given the MZBI scale, followed by the Malay version of Center for Epidemiologic Studies – Depression (MCES-D) scale and English version of Zarit Burden Interview (EZBI) scale. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the reliability and validity of the MZBI. Results: The MZBI demonstrated good reliability with high internal consistency (α = 0.898) and split-half correlation of 0.912, and significant positive correlation with MCES-D (rs = 0.58, p < 0.01) and EZBI (rs = 0.84, p < 0.01). A score of 22 was selected as the suitable cut-off score for MZBI scale in the local population based on ROC curve with the area under the curve of 0.786 (CI 0.658 – 0.914, p = 0.001). At the score of 22, the sensitivity and specificity of the MZBI were 70.8% and 69.2% respectively. Conclusion: The MZBI demonstrated fairly good psychometric properties in assessing the caregiver burden in local Malaysian population. Further study on the factorial structure of the MZBI would be useful to enhance the overall validity of the scale in the context of caregiver burden assessment. Please click PDF below to download the full paper.
Performance management through budgets. Drafting and launching the company's sales budget

In the economic activities enterprises set goals which, if achieved, enable performance improvement. In this regard, it becomes necessary to develop forecasts mentioned in budgets, which are used as tools for enterprise performance management. Creating an effective budget system, closely related to the medium and long-term plans of the company, is the key to profitable economic activity, which allows to find the right path to achieving the proposed objective and to promptly detect any obstacles. The budget is thus a strategy to improve performance by achieving better productivity, more efficient money spending, and to motivate employees to fulfil the budgetary provisions. In the process of budgeting, the starting point is the sales budget, based on the sales program to which the company aims. Within it, the quantity, the selling price and the projected turnover are broken down into different time periods. Preparing a budget of marketing expenditures constitutes a logical consequence of the commercial activity as defined in the sales budget, thus allowing the establishment of the costs for the sale of the company’s products and the commercial margin.
A prospective study of crying during the first year of infancy

Abstract Mothers of ‘crying’ infants, who reported excessive crying before 3 months of age, together with mothers of matched controls who did not, were interviewed using the Crying Patterns Questionnaire (CPQ) at infant ages 4 months, 8 months, and 12 months. By 4 months of age daily amounts of crying for both groups had fallen significantly. ‘Crying’ group infants were reported to cry significantly more than controls for the whole of their first year. Both groups cried somewhat less at 12 months than at 4 months, although these age differences were found to be statistically nonsignificant. The pattern of infant crying across the day was also analysed and found to be similar for both groups. Reported hourly crying rates increased during the afternoon and evening, with morning and night-time being the periods of least crying. Closer analysis of the pattern of crying across the day suggested that further investigation of crying peaks within the afternoon and evening may be worthwhile. Overall, the study sug.
Single and Multiple Server Queues with Vacations : Analysis and Algorithms

Ayyar, Sajidul Rahman A. Single and Multiple Server Queues with Vacations: Analysis and Algorithms. (Under the direction of Professor Xiuli Chao). In this thesis we are concerned with the analysis and algorithm development of multiple server queueing systems with finite buffer and vacations. In chapter 2, we analyze a G/M(n)/1/K queueing system where the server applies an N policy and takes multiple exponential vacations when the system is empty. This includes G/M/n/K queues with vacation and other multiple server models. Using the method of supplementary variables to derive the system equations, we develop a recursive algorithm for numerically computing the stationary queue length distribution of the system. The only input requirement is the Laplace-Stieltjes transform of the arrival distribution. In chapter 3, we extend the above results to the case where the server takes multiple statedependent exponential vacations. In chapter 4, we study a M(n)/G/1/K queueing system where the server applies an N policy and takes multiple arbitrary vacations when the system is empty. We provide a recursive algorithm using the supplementary variable technique to numerically compute the stationary queue length distribution of the system. The only input requirements are the Laplace-Stieltjes transforms of the service time distribution and the vacation time distribution. The results of this research can be applied to the design and optimization of computer and communication systems. Single and Multiple Server Queues with Vacations: Analysis and Algorithms by Sajidul Rahman A Ayyar A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Industrial Engineering Raleigh, North Carolina October 2002 APPROVED BY: Dr. Michael G. Kay Dr. Mihail Devetsikiotis Dr. Xiuli Chao Chair of Advisory Committee
Surface roughness evaluation of various cutting materials in hard turning of AISI H 11

Article history: Received July 21 2015 Received in Revised Format August 16 2015 Accepted September 1 2015 Available online September 4 2015 This paper describes a comparison of surface roughness between ceramics and cubic boron nitride (CBN7020) cutting tools when machining of AISI H11 hot work steels treated at 50 HRC. Plan is designed according to Taguchi’s L18 (21×32) orthogonal array. The response surface methodology (RSM) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to check the validity of multiple linear regression models and to determine the effects, contribution, significance and optimal machine settings of process parameters, namely, cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut on machining parameters on the Ra and Rt. The results of this research work showed that, the feed rate was found to be a dominant factor on the surface roughness, followed by the cutting speed, lastly the depth of cut. The CBN7020 cutting tool showed the better performance than that of ceramic based cutting tool. In addition, the combination of low feed rate and high cutting speed is necessary for minimizing the surface roughness. © 2016 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved