Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Action of the Proton Pump Inhibitor Rabeprazole and Its Thioether Derivative against the Motility of Helicobacter pylori

ABSTRACT The motility of Helicobacter pylori was maximum at 37°C and at pH 6. A newly developed proton pump inhibitor, rabeprazole (RPZ), and its thioether derivative (RPZ-TH) markedly inhibited the motility of H. pylori. The concentrations of the drug necessary to inhibit 50% of the motility were 0.25, 16, 16, and >64 μg/ml for RPZ-TH, RPZ, lansoprazole, and omeprazole, respectively. No such inhibitory effects were observed with H2 blockers or anti-H. pylori agents. The motilities of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli—but not those of Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139,Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium, and Proteus mirabilis—were also inhibited. Prolonged incubation with RPZ or RPZ-TH inhibited bacterial growth of only H. pylori, except for a turbid colony mutant. The results indicate that RPZ and RPZ-TH have a characteristic inhibitory effect against the motility of H. pylori(spiral-shaped bacteria), which is distinguished from that against bacterial growth.
Nanostructured complex oxides as a route towards thermal behavior in artificial spin ice systems

We have used soft x-ray photoemission electron microscopy to image the magnetization of single domain La$_{0.7}$Sr$_{0.3}$MnO$_{3}$ nano-islands arranged in geometrically frustrated configurations such as square ice and kagome ice geometries. Upon thermal randomization, ensembles of nano-islands with strong inter-island magnetic coupling relax towards low-energy configurations. Statistical analysis shows that the likelihood of ensembles falling into low-energy configurations depends strongly on the annealing temperature. Annealing to just below the Curie temperature of the ferromagnetic film (T$_{C}$ = 338 K) allows for a much greater probability of achieving low energy configurations as compared to annealing above the Curie temperature. At this thermally active temperature of 325 K, the ensemble of ferromagnetic nano-islands explore their energy landscape over time and eventually transition to lower energy states as compared to the frozen-in configurations obtained upon cooling from above the Curie temperature. Thus, this materials system allows for a facile method to systematically study thermal evolution of artificial spin ice arrays of nano-islands at temperatures modestly above room temperature.
Cyclic AMP dysregulates intestinal epithelial cell restitution through PKA and RhoA*

Background: Mucosal homeostasis is dependent on the establishment and maintenance of the cell–cell contacts that comprise the physiological barrier. Breaks in the barrier are linked to multiple diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease. While increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels limit inflammation by decreasing leukocyte infiltration, the effects of elevated cAMP on intestinal epithelial repair are unknown. Methods: Restitution in animals administered rolipram was monitored by microscopic examination after laser wounding of the intestinal epithelium or in mice treated with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). In vitro analysis was conducted using IEC6 and T84 cells to determine the role of elevated cAMP in altering Rho‐dependent cellular migration signaling pathways. Results: We show that treatment with rolipram, forskolin, and cAMP analogs decrease intestinal epithelial cell migration in vitro. In vivo cell imaging revealed that increased cAMP resulted in a decreased cellular migration rate, with cells at the edge displaying the highest activity. As expected, elevated cAMP elicited increased protein kinase A (PKA) activity, in turn resulting in the inactivation and sequestration of RhoA and decreased actin reorganization. The ablation of restitution by cAMP was not restricted to cell culture, as forskolin and rolipram treatment significantly decreased epithelial microwound closure induced by the two photon confocal injury model. Conclusions: Together, these data suggest that administration of cAMP‐elevating agents paradoxically decrease infiltration of damage‐causing leukocytes while also preventing epithelial repair and barrier maintenance. We propose that treatment with cAMP‐elevating agents severely limits mucosal reepithelialization and should be contraindicated for use in chronic inflammatory bowel disorders. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012)
The Reported Adverse Effects Related to Biological Agents Used for the Treatment of Rheumatic Diseases in Turkey

Bulgular: Literaturde Turkiye'den biyolojik ajana bagli yan etki gorulen romatizmal hastalikli toplam 53 olgu (21 erkek, 32 kadin) bildirilmistir. Yas ortalamasi 39.0±15.6 yil ve ortalama hastalik suresi 10.6±8.2 yil idi. Biyolojik ajanlara baslanmasi ile yan etkinin ortaya cikmasi arasindaki gecen sure ortalama 8.8±9.2 aydi. Biyolojik ajan kullanimina bagli olarak en sik gorulen yan etki ankilozan spondilit (AS) ve romatoid ar trit (RA) hastalarinda gozlendi. En sik bildirilen yan etki 14 hastada (%26.4) tuberkuloz idi. Diger yan etkiler psoriyazis (%15.1), solid tumor (%7.6), lenfoma (%5.7), ilaca bagli lupus (%3.8) ve menstruel kanama (%3.8) idi. Yan etki gelisen olgularin toplam %77.4’unde biyolojik tedaviler sonlandirildi.
Recovery of the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex in motorized head impulse test is common after vestibular loss

Abstract Conclusion: Decreased horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain measured with the motorized head impulse rotator usually recovers at least partially within a few months after sudden unilateral vestibular loss. In addition to traditional evaluation of nystagmus, head impulse test responses provide valuable information on the severity and recovery of vestibular loss. Objectives: To quantify recovery of vestibular function with the motorized head impulse test in patients with acute unilateral peripheral vestibular loss, and to compare these results with other signs and symptoms. Methods: We recorded prospectively the horizontal VOR with the motorized head impulse rotator in 30 patients with sudden unilateral vestibular deficit on average 3 days after the onset (early). Twenty patients were measured sequentially on average 3 months later (late). We calculated VOR gain and asymmetry (mean ± standard deviation). Results: The early ipsilesional gain of 0.49 ± 0.21 improved highly significantly to the late gain of 0.79 ± 0.23 (p = 0.0000). The respective asymmetry improved highly significantly from 32 ± 18% to 12 ± 14% (p = 0.0002). Gain or asymmetry recovered at least partially in 80% of the patients. The late high symptom score correlated with low gain (p = 0.043) and high asymmetry (p = 0.018).
Daily Rhythm in the Susceptibility of an Insect to a Toxic Agent

Adult boll weevils exhibited a daily rhythm in their susceptibility to standardized doses of the insecticide, methyl parathion. The mortality produced by the insecticide was intimately related to the time of day at which the toxicant was applied. The rhythm appeared to be photoperiodically entrained and, regardless of the length of day or "clock time-of-day of treatment," a period of greatest resistance always occurred at dawn and recurred at 6-hour intervals throughout the 24-hour cycle. The greatest difference in response occurred in a photoperiod having 10 hours of light per 24-hour cycle. Here, the same dose of methyl parathion killed approximately 10 percent of the weevils treated at dawn but almost 90 percent of those treated only 3 hours later.
Potential role of the human Ha‐ras oncogene in the inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication

The modulation of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) plays an important role during tumor promotion. Several tumor‐promoting agents are known to inhibit this form of cellular coupling. In addition, tumor cells and cells expressing certain oncogenic products have been shown to exhibit inhibited or reduced GJIC. The Ha‐ras oncogene is expressed in a wide variety of human tumors from different tissues. Its p21 product is a membrane‐bound polypeptide, the function of which is not fully characterized. We tested the effects of the expression of the human c‐Ha‐ras‐1 oncogene, derived from the EJ/T4 bladder carcinoma cell line, on the ability of the Chinese hamster V79 cells to conduct gap Junctional communication. The Junctional competence was studied by two different methods, the scrape‐loading/dye transfer technique and the metabolic cooperation assay. The results indicate a strong correlation between the expression of p21 ras protein and the inhibition of gap Junctional function. Assuming that reversible inhibition of intercellular communication plays a role during tumor promotion and stable inhibition during the tumor progression phase of carcinogenesis, our data suggest that, while chemical tumor promoters and the ras oncogenes might work by different biochemical mechanisms, they both affect a critical cellular function; namely, GJIC.
Effects of Mental and Physical Practice on a Finger Opposition Task Among Children

Purpose: We sought to compare the effects of physical practice (PP) and mental practice (MP) on the immediate and long-term learning of the finger-to-thumb opposition sequence task (FOS) in children; in addition, we investigated the transfer of this learning to an untrained sequence of movements and to the contralateral untrained hand. Method: This study included thirty-six 9- and 10-year-old children who were randomly allocated into 3 groups: MP, PP, and no practice (NP). The MP and PP groups were subjected to a single session of training with the dominant trained hand. MP participants were trained by mentally rehearsing the movements, PP participants were trained by executing the movements, and the NP group had no training. The performance of the trained sequence (TS) and untrained reverse sequence (URS) by each of the 3 groups was evaluated under identical conditions before training, after 5 min, and at 4 days, 7 days, and 28 days after training. Results: Whereas both trained groups (MP and PP) showed statistically significant improvement in TS using the trained hand at all assessment points after the training, only MP participants were able to transfer the performance gains from the TS to the URS and from the trained hand to the untrained opposite hand. Conclusion: Children were able to learn the FOS through MP or PP with a similar level of performance. Unlike PP, MP allowed for the transfer of performance gain to the URS and to the opposite hand, suggesting that the internal representations developed by MP were effector-independent.
Disorders from perturbations of nuclear‐mitochondrial intergenomic cross‐talk

In the course of evolution, mitochondria lost their independence, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) became the ‘slave’ of nuclear DNA, depending on numerous nucleus‐encoded factors for its integrity, replication and expression. Mutations in any of these factors may alter the cross‐talk between the two genomes and cause Mendelian disorders characterized by qualitative (multiple deletions) or quantitative (depletion) alterations of mtDNA, or by defective translation of mtDNA‐encoded respiratory chain components.
Role of Calf-Adapted Escherichia coli in Maintenance of Antimicrobial Drug Resistance in Dairy Calves

ABSTRACT The prevalence of antimicrobial drug-resistant bacteria is typically highest in younger animals, and prevalence is not necessarily related to recent use of antimicrobial drugs. In dairy cattle, we hypothesize that antimicrobial drug-resistant, neonate-adapted bacteria are responsible for the observed high frequencies of resistant Escherichia coli in calves. To explore this issue, we examined the age distribution of antimicrobial drug-resistant E. coli from Holstein cattle at a local dairy and conducted an experiment to determine if low doses of oxytetracycline affected the prevalence of antimicrobial drug-resistant E. coli. Isolates resistant to tetracycline (>4 μg/ml) were more prevalent in <3-month-old calves (79%) compared with lactating cows (14%). In an experimental trial where calves received diets supplemented with or without oxytetracycline, the prevalence of tetracycline-resistant E. coli was slightly higher for the latter group (P = 0.039), indicating that drug use was not required to maintain a high prevalence of resistant E. coli. The most common resistance pattern among calf E. coli isolates included resistance to streptomycin (>12 μg/ml), sulfadiazine (>512 μg/ml), and tetracycline (>4 μg/ml) (SSuT), and this resistance pattern was most prevalent during the period when calves were on milk diets. To determine if prevalence was a function of differential fitness, we orally inoculated animals with nalidixic acid-resistant strains of SSuT E. coli and susceptible E. coli. Shedding of SSuT E. coli was significantly greater than that of susceptible strains in neonatal calves (P < 0.001), whereas there was no difference in older animals (P = 0.5). These data support the hypothesis that active selection for traits linked to the SSuT phenotype are responsible for maintaining drug-resistant E. coli in this population of dairy calves.
Electromyographic comparisons of the pelvic floor in women with dysesthetic vulvodynia and asymptomatic women.

OBJECTIVE To compare surface electromyographic (EMG) studies of the pelvic floor in women diagnosed with dysesthetic vulvodynia to those of women with no urologic or gynecologic symptoms. STUDY DESIGN Fifty women were chosen to participate and placed in one of two diagnostic categories, asymptomatic (no report of urogynecologic abnormalities, n = 25) and those diagnosed with dysesthetic vulvodynia (n = 25). Testing was completed utilizing electromyographic equipment; an inserted, single-user vaginal sensor; and the Glazer protocol. sEMG variables compared were pretest and posttest resting amplitudes, contractile amplitudes, contractile and resting stability, recruitment latency and recovery, and muscle contraction spectral analysis. RESULTS The most reliable predictors of symptomatic women were pelvic floor contractile amplitudes of the tonic, phasic and endurance contractions, though 9 of the 15 variables tested proved significant. The phasic (three-second) contractions of the symptomatic group were 46% less than in the pain-free group. Tonic (12-second) contractions were 49% less, and endurance (60-second) contractions proved to be only 47% of those produced by those with no dysfunction. CONCLUSION The results of EMG studies of the pelvic floor in women diagnosed with dysesthetic vulvodynia proved significantly different from those of their urogynecologically asymptomatic cohorts. Physiology of the pelvic floor is an essential piece of knowledge needed to further study the etiology and causative factors in dysesthetic vulvodynia. Though the sample size used in this study was not sufficient to quantify normal pelvic floor function, the study certainly suggests sufficient significant differences between the two groups to merit further study.
Galectin-3 Expression in Hyalinizing Trabecular Tumors of the Thyroid Gland

Galectin-3, a beta-galactoside-binding lectin, is overexpressed in many neoplasms and may be useful when differentiating between benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms. Recently, interest has focused on the classification and biologic behavior of hyalinizing trabecular tumors (HTTs). In this study we compared galectin-3 expression in a number of different thyroid neoplasms to gain insight into the biologic behavior of HTT. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from 153 thyroid neoplasms were stained with a monoclonal antibody to galectin-3. These tumors included 58 HTTs, 60 papillary carcinomas, 21 follicular carcinomas, and 14 follicular adenomas. Reactivity was graded as negative, weak, or strong by three observers. The average patient age was similar in the patients with HTTs, papillary carcinomas, and follicular adenomas. The patients with follicular carcinomas were approximately a decade older than all other groups of patients. All groups of thyroid neoplasms occurred more frequently in female patients. Follow-up revealed metastatic disease in patients with papillary (36.6%) and follicular carcinomas (19%) but not in patients with follicular adenomas or HTTs. Galectin-3 immunostaining showed that 60% of the HTTs were negative or had weak (H) (1+) staining and 40% had strong (2–3+) staining. In the majority of the reactive cases, staining was diffuse and predominantly cytoplasmic. Fifty of the 60 (83%) papillary carcinomas and 11 of the 21 (52%) follicular carcinomas showed strong immunostaining. The immunostaining was also diffuse in the majority of papillary and follicular carcinomas. The strong immunoreactivity seen in most of the carcinomas was in contrast to the relatively weak or negative immunostaining in the majority of follicular adenomas (93%). The immunophenotype of HTT, as characterized by galectin-3 expression, is intermediate between that of benign and malignant thyroid tumors, suggesting that some tumors with strong staining may behave like carcinomas, although this was not noted in our cases. Our study suggests that the variable pattern of galectin-3 expression may reflect a difference in biologic behavior between HTT and papillary thyroid carcinoma.
Lifelong Credit Assignment with the Success-Story Algorithm

Consider an embedded agent with a self-modifying, Turing-equivalent policy that can change only through active self-modifications. How can we make sure that it learns to continually accelerate reward intake? Throughout its life the agent remains ready to undo any self-modification generated during any earlier point of its life, provided the reward per time since then has not increased, thus enforcing a lifelong successstory of self-modifications, each followed by long-term reward acceleration up to the present time. The stack-based method for enforcing this is called the success-story algorithm. It fully takes into account that early self-modifications set the stage for later ones (learning a learning algorithm), and automatically learns to extend self-evaluations until the collected reward statistics are reliable. a very simple but general method waiting to be re-discovered! Time permitting, I will also briefly discuss more recent mathematically optimal universal maximizers of lifelong reward, in particular, the fully self-referential Godel machine.
High incidence of SHOX anomalies in individuals with short stature

Objective: To study the SHOX gene and the PAR1 region in individuals with short stature. Methods: The study involved 56 cases of dyschondrosteosis and 84 cases of idiopathic short stature (ISS). The study was designed to determine the following: the prevalence of SHOX anomalies in ISS; the frequency of Madelung deformity in individuals with SHOX anomalies; and the value of a family history of short stature in deciding whether to test for the SHOX gene. Results: 54 SHOX anomalies were observed, including 42 (68%) in the dyschondrosteosis group and 12 (15%) in the ISS group. The high frequency of SHOX anomalies in the ISS group can be explained by the large proportion of boys in this group, reflecting the difficulty in diagnosing dyschondrosteosis in young boys. Clinical evidence of Madelung deformity in six parents of ISS individuals emphasised the importance of family evaluation. Among the 54 SHOX anomalies, 33 PAR1 deletions were identified encompassing the SHOX gene (62%), one partial intragenic deletion (2%), nine deletions located downstream of the SHOX gene (16%), and 11 point mutations (20%). Conclusions: These data emphasise the value of using microsatellite markers located within and downstream of the SHOX gene.
Increasing the accuracy of structure function based thermal material parameter measurements

The Structure functions based evaluation of the thermal transient measurements is now a broadly accepted way for the characterization of the time dependent behavior of the heat flow path. The usual way of generating structure functions considers one main heat flow path. By using a large mathematical tool set it generates for this path the Rth-Cth map of the structure. This enables easy detection of partial thermal resistances in the heat flow path, with which we can determine the values of, e.g,. interface thermal resistances, local effective thermal conductivity values, etc. The accuracy that we can obtain with this material parameter measuring methodology is in the order of 20%. In this paper, we present a methodology that enhances the accuracy of the structure function based material parameter measuring methods. In this procedure, on one hand, we measure the thermal transients for the system to be characterized and on the other hand we measure the "parasitic" heat flow path, that influences our measurement. The material parameters are calculated by appropriately modifying the measured results with the data of the parasitic heat flow path. In this paper, we present this methodology with mathematical details, and prove it with measured results.
Follicle formation in the embryonic chick thyroid. I. Early morphogenesis

The study of embryonic differentiation can be approached from two different, but closely related points of view. The relatively simply organized "Anlage" of the embryo becomes an organ in the adult with not only specialized morphology, but also a specific function. In recent years it has been realized that new approaches are required for an understanding of both facets of the problem. Just as studies of function no longer rely exclusively upon histochemistry, but are augmented by means of more delicate analyses of specific molecules, so also the techniques of light microscopy have proved to be inadequate for the detection of the more subtle changes in structure which are so closely related to the beginnings of functional activity. Recent improvements in the methods of electron microscopy have made feasible the analysis of changes in fine structure which only a few years ago could not have been successful. For instance, induction of the lens by the optic cup has been traced (Hunt, '61; Weiss and Fitton-Jackson, '61) as well as differentiation of several other organs (tadpole oral sucker Eakin, '63; liver Wood, '63; pancreas Munger, '58; notochord Waddington and Perry, '62). Morphogenesis of the thyroid provides another advantageous system in which the organization of fine structure can be related to histological and functional changes (see Hilfer, '62). Although an endocrine gland, the thyroid possesses the secretory structures usually associated with exocrine cell types (Wissig, '60; Dempsey and Petersen, '55) and undergoes cyclical changes in fine structure (Wissig, '63) comparable to alterations in endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi