Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Planetesimal formation at the gas pressure bump following a migrating planet

Context. Many scenarios have been proposed to avoid known difficulties in planetesimal formation such as drift or fragmentation barriers. However, in these scenarios planetesimals in general only form at some specific locations in protoplanetary discs. On the other hand, it is generally assumed in planet formation models and population synthesis models that planetesimals are broadly distributed in the protoplanetary disc. Aims. We propose a new scenario in which planetesimals can form in broad areas of these discs. Planetesimals form at the gas pressure bump formed by a first-generation planet (e.g. formed by pebble accretion) and the formation region spreads inward in the disc as the planet migrates. Methods. We used a simple 1D Lagrangian particle model to calculate the radial distribution of pebbles in the gas disc perturbed by a migrating embedded planet. We consider that planetesimals form by streaming instability at the points where the pebble-to-gas density ratio on the mid-plane becomes larger than unity. In this work, we fixed the Stokes number of pebbles and the mass of the planet to study the basic characteristics of this new scenario. We also studied the effect of some key parameters, such as the gas disc model, the pebble mass flux, the migration speed of the planet, and the strength of turbulence. Results. We find that planetesimals form in wide areas of protoplanetary discs provided the flux of pebbles is typical and the turbulence is not too strong. The planetesimal surface density depends on the pebble mass flux and the migration speed of the planet. The total mass of the planetesimals and the orbital position of the formation area strongly depend on the pebble mass flux. We also find that the profile of the planetesimal surface density and its slope can be estimated by very simple equations. Conclusions. We show that our new scenario can explain the formation of planetesimals in broad areas. The simple estimates we provide for the planetesimal surface density profile can be used as initial conditions for population synthesis models.
The predator activity landscape predicts the anti-predator behavior and distribution of prey in a tundra community

Predation shapes communities through consumptive and non-consumptive effects, where in the latter prey respond to perceived predation risk through risk management strategies occurring at different spatial and temporal scales. The landscape of fear concept is useful to better understand how predation risk affects prey behavioral decisions and distribution, and more generally the spatial dimension of predator-prey relationships. We assessed the effects of the predation risk landscape in a terrestrial Arctic community, where arctic fox is the main predator of ground-nesting bird species. Using high frequency GPS data, we developed a predator activity landscape resulting from fox space use patterns, and validated with an artificial prey experiment that it generated a predation risk landscape. We then investigated the effects of the fox activity landscape on multiple prey, by assessing the anti-predator behavior of a primary prey (snow goose) and the nest distribution of several incidental prey. Areas highly used by foxes were associated with a stronger level of nest defense by snow geese. We further found a lower probability of occurrence of incidental prey nests in areas highly used by foxes, but only for species nesting in habitats easily accessible to foxes. Species nesting in refuges consisting of micro-habitats limiting fox accessibility, like islets, did not respond to the fox activity landscape. Consistent with the scale of the fox activity landscape, this result reflected the capacity of refuges to allow bird nesting without regard to predation risk in the surrounding area. We demonstrated the value of using predator space use patterns to infer spatial variation in predation risk and better understand its effects on prey in landscape of fear studies. We also exposed the diversity of prey risk management strategies, hence refining our understanding of the mechanisms driving species distribution and community structure.
Effect of Fat Mass Localization on Fat Oxidation During Endurance Exercise in Women

Independent of total body fat mass, predominant upper body fat mass distribution is strongly associated with cardio-metabolic comorbidities. However, the mechanisms underlying fat mass localization are not fully understood. Although a large body of evidence indicates sex-specific fat mass distribution, women are still excluded from many physiological studies and their specific features have been investigated only in few studies. Moreover, endurance exercise is an effective strategy for improving fat oxidation, suggesting that regular endurance exercise could contribute to the management of body composition and metabolic health. However, no firm conclusion has been reached on the effect of fat mass localization on fat oxidation during endurance exercise. By analyzing the available literature, this review wants to determine the effect of fat mass localization on fat oxidation rate during endurance exercise in women, and to identify future research directions to advance our knowledge on this topic. Despite a relatively limited level of evidence, the analyzed studies indicate that fat oxidation during endurance exercise is higher in women with lower upper-to-lower-body fat mass ratio than in women with higher upper-to-lower-body fat mass ratio. Interestingly, obesity may blunt the specific effect of upper and lower body fat mass distribution on fat oxidation observed in women with normal weight during endurance exercise. Studying and understanding the physiological responses of women to exercise are essential to develop appropriate physical activity strategies and ultimately to improve the prevention and treatment of cardio-metabolic diseases.
Moving massasaugas: Insight into rattlesnake relocation using sistrurus c. catenatus

—Relocating snakes is used to reduce potential snake-human conflict and to re-establish or augment populations. Relocation may be unsuccessful if snakes attempt to home back to their capture locations or otherwise alter their behavior in ways that reduce fitness. To better understand the conditions under which the technique is likely to be successful, we conducted two types of relocation (repatriation and short-distance translocation) using Eastern Massasaugas (Sistrurus c. catenatus) in Ontario. For the repatriation experiment, 27 snakes were captive-born, raised for four years, and released into a nature reserve previously known to host massasaugas. Other than being relatively sedentary, snakes behaved normally upon release in that they engaged in reproductive behavior. Survival (70%) was relatively high until hibernation (19 weeks). However, none of the snakes that did hibernate (n = 19) survived into the following active season. In a preliminary assessment of the effects of short-distance translocation, snakes that we moved 200 m from capture locations (n = 4) did not return, nor did they exhibit abnormal movement or basking behavior relative to non-translocated controls (n = 7). The different outcomes of our two relocations could indicate that the success of relocation depends on the extent of displacement and the source of relocated individuals, although corroborating evidence is needed before these results can be used to support management strategies.
Association of Rictor with chromosomes during mitosis in MCF7 cells

O. M. Malanchuk © 2015 O. M. Malanchuk; Published by the Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine on behalf of Biopolymers and Cell. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited UDC 577.112. 7 + 576.353 + 576.316 + 576.31
Attitudes Toward Multilingualism in Luxembourg. A Comparative Analysis of Online News Comments and Crowdsourced Questionnaire Data

Attitudes are a fundamental characteristic of human activity. Their main function is the situational assessment of phenomena in practice to maintain action ability and to provide orientation in social interaction. In sociolinguistics, research into attitudes toward varieties and their speakers is a central component of the analysis of linguistic and cultural dynamics. In recent years, computational linguistics has also shown an increased interest in the social conditionality of language. To date, such approaches have lacked a linguistically based theory of attitudes, which, for example, enables an exact terminological differentiation between publicly taken stances and the assumed underlying attitudes. Against this backdrop, the present study contributes to the connection of sociolinguistic and computational linguistic approaches to the analysis of language attitudes. We model a free text corpus of user comments from the RTL.lu news platform using representation learning (Word2Vec). In the aggregated data, we look for contextual similarities between vector representations of words that provide evidence of stances toward multilingualism in Luxembourg. We then contrast this data with the results of a quantitative attitudes study, which was carried out as part of the crowdsourcing project “Schnëssen. ” The combination of the different datasets enables the reconstruction of socially pertinent attitudes represented in public discourse. The results demonstrate the central importance of attitudes toward the different languages in Luxembourg for the cultural self-understanding of the population. We also introduce a tool for the automatic orthographic correction of Luxembourgish texts (spellux). In view of the ongoing standardization of Luxembourgish and a lack of rule knowledge in the population, orthographic variation—among other factors like code-switching or regional dialects—poses a great challenge for the automatic processing of text data. The correction tool enables the orthographic normalization of Luxembourgish texts and with that a consolidation of the vocabulary for the training of word embedding models.
Factors Affecting Patient Decision-Making Regarding Midshaft Clavicle Fracture Treatment

Introduction Midshaft clavicle fractures are a common problem encountered by orthopedic surgeons. There remains debate between non-surgical and surgical treatment options for certain midshaft clavicle fractures. Due to the lack of a clear treatment strategy, this presents an opportunity for shared decision-making, which has been shown to be important to patients. Methods A 19-question survey was created encompassing basic demographic information, then taking respondents through a simulation of a midshaft clavicle fracture patient encounter. Subjects were subsequently asked their preferred treatment choice as well as shared decision-making preferences for the simulated encounter. A pilot study was performed with medical students from our home institution to assess study sample size. The survey was then distributed through an online software platform (Amazon Mechanical Turk). Statistical analysis was performed using STATA, Microsoft Excel, and Qualtrics. Results 253 subjects responded to the online survey. Over 70% of respondents had no to minimal knowledge of clavicle fractures and potential medical interventions/treatments. 67.6% of respondents preferred shared decision-making, over autonomous or paternalistic models. 45.5% of respondents wanted additional time outside the physician-patient consultation before making a treatment decision. A majority of the respondents who selected surgery (44.3%; 43/97) and no surgery (69.9%; 109/156), based their decisions on outcomes data provided in the simulation alone. There was no statistically significant relationship between income, race/ethnicity, education level, work status, sex, or type of visual fracture representation (i.e., radiograph vs. cartoon image) and treatment decision (p>0.05). Younger age (p=0.007) and being married (p=0.001) were associated with increased likelihood to select surgery as the treatment decision. Conclusion Most respondents had no-to-minimal knowledge about clavicle fractures, placed a high value in shared decision-making for midshaft clavicle fractures, and prioritized outcomes data in making treatment decisions. Younger age and marital status may increase the likelihood of a patient selecting to proceed with surgery over non-operative treatment.
Lexicon generation for detecting fake news

With the digitization of media, an immense amount of news data has been generated by online sources, including mainstream media outlets as well as social networks. However, the ease of production and distribution resulted in circulation of fake news as well as credible, authentic news. The pervasive dissemination of fake news has extreme negative impacts on individuals and society. Therefore, fake news detection has recently become an emerging topic as an interdisciplinary research field that is attracting significant attention from many research disciplines, including social sciences and linguistics. In this study, we propose a method primarily based on lexicons including a scoring system to facilitate the detection of the fake news in Turkish. We contribute to the literature by collecting a novel, large scale, and credible dataset of Turkish news, and by constructing the first fake news detection lexicon for Turkish.
The Convergence of a Cooperation Markov Decision Process System

In a general Markov decision progress system, only one agent’s learning evolution is considered. However, considering the learning evolution of a single agent in many problems has some limitations, more and more applications involve multi-agent. There are two types of cooperation, game environment among multi-agent. Therefore, this paper introduces a Cooperation Markov Decision Process (CMDP) system with two agents, which is suitable for the learning evolution of cooperative decision between two agents. It is further found that the value function in the CMDP system also converges in the end, and the convergence value is independent of the choice of the value of the initial value function. This paper presents an algorithm for finding the optimal strategy pair (πk0,πk1) in the CMDP system, whose fundamental task is to find an optimal strategy pair and form an evolutionary system CMDP(πk0,πk1). Finally, an example is given to support the theoretical results.
An Adaptive Semantic Stream Reasoning Framework for Deep Neural Networks

Driven by deep neural networks (DNN), the recent development of computer vision makes visual sensors such as stereo cameras and Lidars ubiquitous in autonomous cars, robotics and traffic monitoring. However, due to operational constraints, a processing pipeline like object tracking has to hard-wire an engineered set of DNN models to a fixed processing logic. To overcome this, we propose a novel semantic reasoning approach that uses stream reasoning programs for in-cooperating DNN models with commonsense and domain knowledge using Answer Set Programming (ASP). This approach enables us to realize a reasoning framework that can adaptively reconfigure the reasoning plan in each execution step of incoming stream data.
Detecting Depression in Less Than 10 Seconds: Impact of Speaking Time on Depression Detection Sensitivity

This article investigates whether it is possible to detect depression using less than 10 seconds of speech. The experiments have involved 59 participants (including 29 that have been diagnosed with depression by a professional psychiatrist) and are based on a multimodal approach that jointly models linguistic (what people say) and acoustic (how people say it) aspects of speech using four different strategies for the fusion of multiple data streams. On average, every interview has lasted for 242.2 seconds, but the results show that 10 seconds or less are sufficient to achieve the same level of recall (roughly 70%) observed after using the entire inteview of every participant. In other words, it is possible to maintain the same level of sensitivity (the name of recall in clinical settings) while reducing by 95%, on average, the amount of time requireed to collect the necessary data.
Uptake rates of ammonium and nitrate by phytoplankton communities in two eutrophic tropical reservoirs

While excess phosphorus typically results in the eutrophication of inland waters, there is growing evidence that excess nitrogen (N) and the availability of different N forms influence phytoplankton community composition, often favoring potentially toxic genera. In this study, the environmental dynamics, phytoplankton community structure, and N uptake rates were investigated in two tropical reservoirs. Phytoplankton ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−) acquisition was assessed through 15N addition experiments over 2 years. We found that changes in ambient nutrient concentrations and temperature influenced different phytoplankton groups, which tended to have different N uptake strategies. The preferred N-source by Cyanobacteria was NH4+ while Dinophyceae and other groups seemed adapted to also take up NO3−, possibly due to competition. Potential uptake rates (maximum of 8.5 μM-N hr−1 for NH4+ and 1.3 μM-N hr−1 for NO3−) were high in comparison to previous reports from temperate freshwater or marine systems, likely due to elevated algal biomass and temperature. When normalized to biomass as chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), specific uptake rates varied between 0.01–3.4 μmol-N μgChl-a−1 day−1 for NH4+ and <0.01–0.8 μmol-N μgChl-a−1 day−1 for NO3− and were comparable to those reported for other eutrophic and hypereutrophic aquatic systems. In addition, higher temperatures favored Cyanobacteria (e.g., Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Microcystis aeruginosa), while a more diverse community was found during colder months. Results highlight how high loading of reduced forms of nitrogen and high temperatures can exacerbate harmful Cyanobacteria blooms in tropical reservoirs and be a concern for drinking water quality.
WIDEBAND TRIPLE RESONANCE PATCH ANTENNA FOR 5G WI-FI SPECTRUM

This study presents a triple resonance microstrip slotted antenna element for 5G (5.15–5.875 Wi-Fi band) applications. This antenna constitutes a rectangular patch stimulated with an I-shaped slot and two shorted metallic vias. This arrangement results in an enhancement of the bandwidth. The antenna features a wide impedance bandwidth (IBW) matching due to triple resonances when being properly excited by coax-probe feed. The IBW of the antenna ranges from 5–6 GHz band with three resonances at around 5.2, 5.5, and 5.8 GHz. Finally, the antenna is fabricated and measured, which displays a −10 dB IBW of 5.04–6.05 GHz (18.2%) featuring stable radiation and gain (around 7dBi). Moreover, the measurements are in good agreement with simulations. On the account of the single-layered dielectric, this antenna can be easily mounted with active electronics.
Evaluation of overall and disease‐free survival in patients with free flaps for oral cancer resection

Sarcopenia is characterized by depletion of skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and can cause increased postoperative complication in free flap procedure. One of the most important considerations while deciding the indication of the procedure is patients' survival. This study aimed to verify the relationship between low SMM and survival in patients who undergo oral cancer resection using free flap.
The protective effects of MSC‐EXO against pulmonary hypertension through regulating Wnt5a/BMP signalling pathway

The aim of the study was to explore the mechanism of mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosomes (MSC‐EXO) to protect against experimentally induced pulmonary hypertension (PH). Monocrotaline (MCT)‐induced rat model of PH was successfully established by a single intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg MCT, 3 weeks later the animals were treated with MSC‐EXO via tail vein injection. Post‐operation, our results showed that MSC‐EXO could significantly reduce right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and the right ventricular hypertrophy index, attenuate pulmonary vascular remodelling and lung fibrosis in vivo. In vitro experiment, the hypoxia models of pulmonary artery endothelial cell (PAEC) and pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cell (PASMC) were used. We found that the expression levels of Wnt5a, Wnt11, BMPR2, BMP4 and BMP9 were increased, but β‐catenin, cyclin D1 and TGF‐β1 were decreased in MSC‐EXO group as compared with MCT or hypoxia group in vivo or vitro. However, these increased could be blocked when cells were transfected with Wnt5a siRNA in vitro. Taken together, these results suggested that the mechanism of MSC‐EXO to prevent PH vascular remodelling may be via regulation of Wnt5a/BMP signalling pathway.
Diet-dependent acid load and the risk of colorectal cancer and adenoma: a case–control study

Abstract Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third and second most prevalent cancer in men and women, respectively. Various epidemiological studies indicated that dietary factors are implicated in the aetiology of CRC and its precursor, colorectal adenomas (CRA). Recently, much attention has been given to the role of acid–base balance in the development of chronic diseases including cancers. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to examine the association of diet-dependent acid load and the risk of CRC and CRA. Design: In this case–control study, potential renal acid load (PRAL) was computed based on dietary intake of participants assessed via a validated FFQ. Negative PRAL values indicated a base-forming potential, while positive values of PRAL implied acid-forming potential of diet. Logistic regression was used to derive OR and 95 % CI after adjusting for confounders. Setting: Tehran, Iran. Participants: A total of 499 participants aged 30–70 years were included in the study (240 hospital controls, 129 newly diagnosed CRC and 130 newly diagnosed CRA). The current study was conducted between December 2016 and September 2018. Results: After adjusting for potential confounders, a higher PRAL was associated with increased odds of CRC and CRA. The highest v. the lowest tertile of PRAL for CRC and CRA was OR 4·82 (95 % CI 2·51–9·25) and OR 2·47 (95 % CI 1·38–4·42), respectively. Conclusions: The findings of the current study suggested that higher diet-dependent acid load is associated with higher risk of CRC and CRA.