Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PEMANFAATAN KULIT KEMIRI UNTUK PEMBUATAN ARANG AKTIF DENGAN CARA PIROLISIS

Active charcoal can be made and walnut husk, what in this time still in the form of waste. Active charcoal made with process of pirolisis low temperature in furnace. Charcoal result of the pirolisis then activated with strong acid, afterwards analysed strength of active charcoal Variable the used dependent variable is walnut weight 100 gr. While independent variable is process temperature (0 C) = 400, 500, 600, 700 and process time ( menit) = 30, 60, 90, 120 Result of this research can know that best charcoal at process of pirolisis with condition of temperature process 400°C and time process 30 minute, while level absorbtion of active charcoal which is good to be conducted at condition of temperature process 600°C with time process 120 minute that is counted 92,5 %. Keyword: active charcoal and walnut husk
Real-time Autonomous Cruise Control of Connected Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles Under Uncertainty

Advances in embedded digital computing and communication networks have enabled the development of automated driving systems. Autonomous cruise control (ACC) and cooperative ACC (CACC) systems are two popular types of these technologies, which can be implemented to enhance safety, traffic flow, driving comfort and energy economy. This PhD thesis develops robust and adaptive controllers for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), with the Toyota Plug-in Prius as the baseline vehicle, in order to enable them to perform safe and robust car-following and platooning with improved vehicle performance. Three controllers are designed here to achieve three main goals. The first goal of this thesis is the development of a real-time Ecological ACC (Eco-ACC) system for PHEVs, that is robust to uncertainties. A novel adaptive tube-based nonlinear model predictive control (AT-NMPC) approach to the design of Eco-ACC systems is proposed. Through utilizing two separate models to define the constrained optimal control problem, this method takes into account uncertainties, modeling errors and delayed data in the design of the controller and guaranties robust constraint handling for the assumed uncertainty bounds. In addition, it adapts to changes in order to improve the control performance when possible. Furthermore, a Newton/GMRES fast solver is employed to implement the designed AT-NMPC in real-time. The second goal is the development of a real-time Ecological CACC (Eco-CACC) system that can simultaneously satisfy the frequency-domain and time-domain platooning criteria. A novel distributed reference governor (RG) approach to the constraint handling of vehicle platoons equipped with CACC is presented. RG sits behind the controlled string stable system and keeps the output inside the defined constraints. Furthermore, to improve the platoon’s energy economy, a controller is presented for the leader’s control using NMPC method, assuming it is a PHEV. The third objective of this thesis is the control of heterogeneous platoons using an adaptive control approach. A direct model reference adaptive controller (MRAC) is designed that enforces a string stable behavior on the vehicle platoon despite different dynamical models of the platoon members and the external disturbances acting on the systems. The proposed method estimates the controller coefficients on-line to adapt to the disturbances such as wind, changing road grade and also to different vehicle dynamic behaviors. The main purpose of all three controllers is to maintain the driving safety of connected vehicles in car-following and platooning while being real-time implementable. In addition, when there is a possibility for performance enhancement without sacrificing safety, ecological improvement is also considered. For each designed controller, Model-in-the-Loop (MIL) simulations and Hardware-inthe-Loop (HIL) experiments are performed using high-fidelity vehicle models in order to validate controllers’ performance and ensure their real-time implementation capability.
Discolouration of heat-treated fast-growing eucalyptus wood exposed to natural weathering

To heat-treat is one of the main alternatives to improve wood performance in outdoor uses. This study aimed to evaluate the discolouration of a heat-treated fast-growing eucalyptus wood exposed to natural weathering tests. Wood samples were cut from a young eucalyptus forest located in Southern Brazil. Thermal treatments were performed in an oven without forced air circulation, according to four combined settings of temperature (i.e. 180 °C and 220 °C) and time (i.e. 3 h and 6 h). The discolouration of the decayed wood was accessed according to the CIELab method. The heat-treatment improved the weathering performance of the eucalyptus wood. Compared to the natural colour of the thermally treated wood, the weathering tests caused fading and greying in its tones. Regarding the treatment parameters, the samples heat-treated during 6 h presented promising results, demonstrating that such treatment may be a useful tool for wood surface protection.
Evaluation of Proteinase 3 Expression on Membrane of Papillon-Lefèvre Syndrome Neutrophils

Background: Proteinase 3, in its membrane form, is the main target antigen of anti-neutrophil autoantibodies in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (autoimmune disease). This neutrophil serine protease is synthesized as inactive zymogens at the early stage of neutrophil maturation and is activated by cathepsin C, the physiological activator of serine proteases. In neutrophils of Papillon-Lefevre syndrome patients, a genetic form of cathepsin C deficiency, amounts of intracellular proteinase 3 detected are very low or even undetectable. The aim of our study was to evaluate membrane expression of proteinase 3 on cathepsin C-deficient neutrophils by using the Papillon-Lefevre syndrome model in view of a therapeutic approach of granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Methods: We evaluated membrane expression of proteinase 3 on activated neutrophils of Papillon-Lefevre syndrome patients by cytometry. Results: Proteinase 3 was detected at neutrophils surface of Papillon-Lefevre syndrome patients, but significantly less than at healthy neutrophils surface. Conclusion: Pharmacological inhibition of cathepsin C may be an attractive therapeutic approach to eliminate the target autoantigen proteinase 3 of granulomatosis with polyangiitis patients.
Research status, industrial application demand and prospects of phenolic resin

The synthesis process of the phenolic resin adhesive was developed in the 19th century, and its excellent environmental resistance and high bonding strength make it one of the main wood adhesives. With the development of industry, phenolic resin adhesive is not only used in plywood, wood processing and laminate, but also in automobile, aerospace, composite materials and other fields. Herein we review the main synthetic processes and latest research progress for phenolic resin adhesives, the capacity distribution of major domestic phenolic resin enterprises, analysis of domestic phenolic resin consumption, import and export volume and price, Chinese plywood production, and the main production and export markets. Furthermore, research and discussion on the commercial application of domestic phenolic resin adhesives in plywood were carried out, which provides a reference for development of better phenolic resin adhesives that meet the development needs of the country, along with quality and economic competitiveness.
Solvent Extraction and Thermogravimetric Analysis of Biocrude from Native Microalgae from Minamisoma City, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan

Eight organic solvents were examined for use during biocrude extraction from native microalgae cultivated at Minamisoma City, Fukushima prefecture, which is located in the cool temperature zone of Japan. Di erences in biocrude yields attained by using the di erent organic solvents were found to correlate well with the Hildebrand solubility parameter. Biocrude yields comparable to those obtained with high-temperature extraction were attained during solvent extraction at ambient temperature for 24 h without cell disruption by sonication, which suggests that the solvent process could be easy to scale-up. Furthermore, upon fractionation with a silica gel column, chloroform : methanol (2 : 1, v/v), methanol : hexane (2 : 1, v/v), and methanol extracts exhibited similar lipid distribution pro les. The results indicated that di erences in extraction yield were related to the cell wall penetration capabilities of the solvents. Hexane extract was found to be more selective for neutral lipids. Furthermore, the obtained biocrude products were characterized based on their thermogravimetric pro les. Biocrude extracted with methanol attained the highest yield (11.4%) and exhibited better thermogravimetric properties than the biocrude prepared with the other solvents. The results with native microalgae cultivated in the cool temperate zone of Japan not only exhibited reasonable yields (1.5–11.4%, dry ash-free basis), but also showed good thermogravimetric properties.
Chloroform desorption from poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites: a thermal desorption spectroscopy study

Abstract Biopolymer nanocomposites were prepared by solvent casting dispersing lauryl-functionalized cellulose nano-fibrils (CNF) in a poly(lactic acid) matrix (PLA). The release of residual chloroform (CHCl3) solvent molecules was studied by Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy (TDS) analysis. TDS spectra of the PLA matrix show a single desorption peak at T P = 393 K with FWHM ~10 K, compatible with a zero-order desorption kinetics. This narrow TDS peak was accurately reproduced assuming that: (i) the rate limiting step is given by the CHCl3 de-trapping from sites in the PLA matrix where residual solvent molecules form small aggregates and (ii) the activation energy for desorption linearly decreases from 1.19 eV for saturated traps to 1.11 eV when the traps occupancy by solvent molecules approaches zero. The balance energy term ϵ D = −0.08 eV is due to the attractive interactions between trapped CHCl3 molecules. Adding CNF particles to the PLA matrix the zero-order peak shifts to lower temperatures and a second peak with FWHM ~60 K appears at higher temperatures. This second peak is compatible with a first-order desorption kinetics and is attributed to the release of dispersed CHCl3 molecules from trapping sites in PLA-CNF interface region. The obtained information are of interest for applications in food and electronic packaging and for the development of medical materials.
Traffic Sources and their Influence on the Evaluation of Interconnection Network Performance

Many simulation-based performance studies of interconnection net- works are carried out using synthetic workloads under the ass umption of inde- pendent traffic sources. We show that this assumption, althoug h may be useful for some traffic patterns, can lead to deceptive performanc e results for loads beyond saturation. We propose the utilization of non-independent traffic sources that better reflect the behavior of parallel appl ications. A performance study of a restrictive injection mechanism in used to illus trate the different re- sults obtained using independent and non-independent sources.
Serum Electrolytes and Red Blood Cell Membrane Potential of Hypertensive Patients

Serum electrolyte and red blood cell membrane potential of hypertensive patients in Owerri metropolis were investigated. A total of 50 volunteer subjects were used for the study. Thirty (30) of the volunteer subjects were hypertensive subjects and were used as test subjects; while the remaining 20 subjects were healthy subjects with normal blood pressure used as normentensive subjects (control). Results observed showed increased red blood cell (RBC) K+ and Cl- in hypertension subjects against normentensive subjects. Apart from K+ which reduced significantly (p<0.05), other electrolyte ions of the serum increased significantly (p<0.05) in hypertensive subjects against normentensive subjects. However, Na+ and Cl- membrane potential was not significantly (p>0.05) altered in hypertensive subjects against normotensive subjects while K+ was significantly (p<0.05) altered. The observed alterations in the parameters investigated in hypertensive subjects in the present study could be as a result of a host of derangements involving electrolyte metabolism, altered membrane transport and a possible increase in membrane fragility. This study has shown the serum electrolyte and red blood cell membrane potential of hypertensive patients in Owerri metropolis.
Effect of multiple emulsion on mortality of drosophila virils

The frequent use of insecticides has led to the development of insecticide resistance by many insects. In some insect populations, resistance can be developed to multiple pesticides. Up to this, insecticides resistance became a key challenge, and the amounts of the used pesticides must be as lower as possible. In this study, we measured the potency of multiple emulsions on the mortality of Drosophila virils and the ability of the fly to ingest and excrete the emulsions as a new strategy to avoid the great use of pesticides. The obtained data showed that the value of the lethal concentration of half the number of individuals decreases when the exposure duration increases, which demonstrates the sensitivity of the larvae to the toxic effect of the formulation. This can help to suggest that this type of material can be more effective and lasting effect for as long as possible. Moreover, the ingestion and excretion of the formulated product in the hind-gut can help to suggest the ability of the studied formulation to pass through the peritrophic membrane and the midgut acidic regions as two important barriers. In conclusion, the formulated microcapsule has a satisfactory insecticidal potency against D. virilis in a dose-dependent manner which might help to avoid the developed resistance to commonly used insecticides.
Erythrocyte Senescent Markers by Flow Cytometry

Background: Mature red blood cells lack protein synthesis and are unable to restore inactivated enzymes, damaged cytoskeleton and membrane proteins. An oxidation breakdown of band 3 is probably part of the mechanism leading to the generation of a senescent cell antigen. This specific signal serves for the clearance of RBCs by inducing the binding of autologous IgG and C3, leading to phagocytosis. In addition, phosphatidilserin molecules appear in the outer membrane and the CD47 expression diminishes. Methods: Erythrocytes of different ages from whole blood were studied by flow cytometry analysing light scatter proprieties, binding of autologous IgG, C3 complement deposits, externalization of phosphatidylserine and CD47 expression. Dot-plot analysis based on forward scatter versus side scatter parameters showed two RBCs populations of different sizes and density. RBCs were further incubated with Alexa 488 IgG, APC-anti-C3, PE-annexin-V and PE-CD47. The comparison of the values obtained for the different variables studied in SeRBC and YRBC populations was carried out by the Student t-test for matched samples or by the Wilcoxon test (after verification of the normality assumption). Results: The percentage of IgG and C3 positive cells was significantly higher in senescent red blood cells population. The fraction of annexin-V positive RBCs was also larger in SeRBCs while the CD47 expression was lower in this population. Conclusions: These results indicate that flow cytometry allow differenciation of erythrocytes populations of different ages, turning this tool into an useful alternative option to study erythrocyte aging process. These findings will contribute to a better understanding of the process and mechanisms involved in erythrocyte senescence process.
Root trait plasticity and plant nutrient acquisition in phosphorus limited soil

To overcome soil nutrient limitation, many plants have developed complex nutrient acquisition strategies including altering root morphology, root hair formation or colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The interactions of these strategies and their plasticity are, however, affected by soil nutrient status throughout plant growth. Such plasticity is decisive for plant phosphorus (P) acquisition in P‐limited soils. We investigated the P acquisition strategies and their plasticity of two maize genotypes characterized by the presence or absence of root hairs. We hypothesized that in the absence of root hairs plant growth is facilitated by traits with complementary functions, e.g., by higher root mycorrhizal colonization. This dependence on complementary traits will decrease in P fertilized soils. At early growth stages, root hairs are of little benefit for nutrient uptake. Regardless of the presence or absence of root hairs, plants produced average root biomass of 0.14 g per plant and exhibited 23% root mycorrhizal colonization. At later growth stages of maize, contrasting mechanisms with functional complementarity explained similar plant biomass production under P limitation: the presence of root hairs versus higher root mycorrhizal colonization (67%) favored by increased fine root diameter in absence of root hairs. P fertilization decreased the dependence of plant on specific root traits for nutrient acquisition. Through root trait plasticity, plants can minimize trade‐offs for developing and maintaining functional traits, while increasing the benefit in terms of nutrient acquisition and plant growth. The present study highlights the plasticity of functional root traits for efficient nutrient acquisition strategies in agricultural systems with low nutrient availability. (Less)
Mechanical and Thermal Characteristics of Optimized Electrospun Nylon 6,6 Nanofibers by Using Taguchi Method

This study is an attempt to optimize the electrospinning process to produce minimum Nylon 6,6 nanofibers by using Taguchi statistical technique. Nylon 6,6 solutions were prepared in a mixture of formic acid (FA) and Dichloromethane (DCM). Design of experiment by using Taguchi statistical technique was applied to determine the most important processing parameters influence on average fiber diameter of Nylon 6,6 nanofiber produced by electrospinning process. The effects of solvent/nylon and FA/DCM ratio on average fiber diameter were investigated. Optimal electrospinning conditions were determined by using the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio that was calculated from the electrospun Nylon 6,6 nanofibers diameters according to “the-smaller-the-better” approach. The optimum Nylon 6,6 concentration (NY%) and FA/DCM ratio were determined. The morphology of electrospun nanofibers is significantly altered by FA/DCM solvent ratio as well as Nylon 6,6 concentration. The smallest diameter and the narrowest diameter distribution of Nylon 6,6 nanofibers ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]nm) were obtained for 10 wt% Nylon 6,6 solution in 80 wt% FA and 20 wt% DCM. An increase of 118%, 280% and 26% in tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and elongation at break over as-cast was obtained, respectively. Glass transition temperature of Nylon 6,6 nanofibers were determined by using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Analysis of variance ANOVA shows that NY% is the most influential parameter.
The effect of Acetic Acid Ratio in The Electrodeposition Process of Chitosan/ZnO

Chitosan is a material that sensitive to the environmental changes and has been used in the developing of sensor. The fabrication of chitosan/ZnO composite was prepared using the electrodeposition method over PCB plate. ZnO content was variated to be 10, 20 and 30 wt. % also the composite was prepared in acetic acid 2 and 5%. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the preparation process of chitosan/ZnO composite with acetic acid concentration as the independent variable in this research. The XRD data showed a peak at 2θ; 30.8° that confirmed the presence of ZnO in the composite. The FTIR spectra showed the presence of ZnO can be found at 550 cm−1 and the acetic acid concentration influenced the intensities of the composites. The surface morphology of composite that prepared using acetic acid 2% has a smoother surface than the composite that prepared using acetic acid 5%. The voltage response of chitosan/ZnO composite that prepared using acetic acid 5% showed the highest value (0,1525 V) than the composite that prepared using acetic acid 2% (0,0581 V).
Analysis on the outbreak period and cause of Acanthaster planci in Xisha Islands in recent 15 years

Outbreaks of the crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci have received increasing attention due to their negative impacts on coral reefs. However, outbreaks of A. planci in Chinese seas are still poorly understood. Coral reefs in the Xisha Islands (Paracel Islands), South China Sea, have been monitored during 2005 and 2019, including hard coral coverage, larval recruitment rates, density of coral reef fish and the populations of A. planci . This study aims to analyse the regular pattern regarding outbreaks of A. planci in the main islands of Xisha Islands, the causes of outbreaks of the crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci , and the solutions for controlling the outbreaks of the crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci . Monitoring coral reef ecosystems on the main islands of Xisha Islands from 2005 to 2019 showed that the cycle of Acanthaster planci outbreaks in Xisha Islands is about 15 years. These 15 years can be divided into two phases, in which the period of A. planci outbreak is about 5 years, and the recovery period of coral reefs is about 10 years. When A. planci outbreak from 2006 to 2010, the coral reef cover rate decreased from more than 60% to less than 5%. During the recovery period from 2011 to 2019, the coverage of coral reefs gradually increased to around 15%, at the same time the coral recruitment and coral reef fish increased. Further analysis showed that the occurrence of A. planci in Xisha Islands is mainly related to typhoon weather, reduction of coral reef fish, global warming and human activities. The passage of the typhoon brought a large number of nutrients, which led to the increase of plankton, leading to the survival rate of larvae of A. planci . Global warming and a decline in coral reef fish could lead to a greater percentage of the eggs of A. planci hatching and surviving. Based on 15-years monitoring data, it is highly possible that Xisha Islands are entering the next outbreak cycle of A. planci , and therefore measures should be taken to prevent the coral reef ecosystem from being destroyed again. Outbreaks of the crown-of-thorns starfish A. planci should be controlled in several ways. Direct control methods including physical removal of individual starfish and cutting individuals into multiple pieces were most often used methods to kill starfish. The most effective methods to control A. planci require injecting individual starfish with lethal chemicals, including sodium bisulfate, powdered citric acid, vinegar and thiosulfate-citrate-bile-sucrose agar (TCBS). Releasing the predator of A. planci of their different life cycle was also an effective way to control A. planci . The Giant Triton Shells ( Charonia tritonis ), the Napoleon Maori Wrasse ( Cheilinus undulatus ), Starry Puffer ( Arathron stellatus ) and Titan Trigger Fish ( Ballistoides viridescens ) were the main predator of the crown-of-thorns starfish A. planci . Moreover, regular monitoring of the starfish A. planci should be conducted in the Xisha Islands for early warning of outbreaks.