Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differences between Exhausted CD8+ T cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients with and without Uremia.

PURPOSE To explore the differences between exhausted CD8+ T cells in HCC patients with and without uremia. METHODS We enrolled 45 uremic patients who were recently diagnosed with HCC into the HCC & uremia cohort. We also enrolled similar patients with HCC but without uremia; this was the HCC only cohort. Lymphocytes were obtained from the two cohorts and exhausted CD8+ T cells, comprising PD-1+CD8+, TIM-3+CD8+, and LAG-3+CD8+ T cells, were sorted and expanded in vitro. RESULTS The proportions of PD-1+CD8+, TIM-3+CD8+, and LAG-3+CD8+ T cells after expansion were significantly higher in the HCC only cohort as compared to those in the HCC & uremia cohort. CD8+ T cells expressing PD-1, TIM-3, or LAG-3 showed increased tumor reactivity and release of IFN-γ in vitro; however, these cells demonstrated weaker anti-tumor activity in HCC & uremia patients than those in HCC patients without uremia. Among the expanded lymphocytes, only the decreased proportion of PD-1+CD8+ T cells correlated with the HCC & uremia cohort (OR: 2.731, p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS Peripheral CD8+ T cells expressing PD-1, TIM-3, or LAG-3 from the HCC & uremia cohort were dysfunctional in vitro. Among these populations, PD-1+CD8+ T cells were the most predominant in HCC patients with uremia.
College Graduation and Wealth Accumulation: Blacks' Diminished Returns.

Background Based on the Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs) framework, indicators of high socioeconomic status (SES), such as high maternal educational attainment, show weaker protective effects on various developmental, behavioral, and health outcomes for Black than White families. As a result of these MDRs, families and individuals with high educational attainment still report high levels of depression, smoking, obesity, and chronic disease. Limited knowledge exists on MDRs of maternal education on indicators of wealth such as home ownership and home value. Aims Built on the MDRs framework, we tested the hypothesis of whether the effects of maternal educational attainment at birth on home ownership and home value, as proxies of wealth, vary between Black and White families. We hypothesized that: 1) high maternal education would be associated with more wealth 15 years later, and 2) compared to Whites, Blacks would be less likely to accumulate wealth (own a house) across all educational levels, given a weaker boosting effect of maternal educational attainment on wealth for Black than White families. Methods The Fragile Families and Child Well-being Study, is a 15-year follow up study of a random sample of births in cities larger than 200,000 population in the US. A total number of 2004 White or Black youth were included and were followed from birth to the age of 15. The predictor of interest was maternal educational attainment at birth, treated as a categorical variable (college graduation). The outcomes were home ownership and home value (worth - owed) 15 years later, as proxies of wealth. Logistic and linear regression were used for data analysis. Results High maternal education at birth was associated with home ownership and higher value of owned home at age 15. We also found that maternal educational attainment at birth and race interact with each other, suggesting that the effects of high maternal educational attainment at birth on home ownership/value at age 15 were weaker for Black than White families. Conclusions Diminished returns of maternal educational attainment at birth on wealth accumulation in Black families may be a mechanism that contributes to racial health disparities in high socioeconomic status and also poor outcomes of high SES Black families. That is, a smaller effect of maternal educational attainment on changing the real lives of Black than White youth may be one of the mechanisms by which health remains worse than expected in high SES Black families. Not all of the health, behavioral, and developmental disparities are due to the racial gap in SES but also diminishing returns of socioeconomic status indicators such as maternal educational attainment for racial minorities. Research should study how social stratification, discriminatory mortgage and banking, residential segregation, family formation, employment, and occupational prestige reduce Black families' ability to mobilize their human capital and secure tangible economic and non-economic outcomes.
Standardization of nomenclature of targets and critical structures in radiosurgery: The case of a single Gamma Knife center.

The targets and organs at risk (OARs—“critical normal structures”) naming process is rarely mentioned in the treatment planning. Different names for the same targets, even in one radiosurgery center, can lead to misunderstanding in attempts to compare two treatment plans or follow-up images. Exploration of treatment plans created in other hospitals is often more challenging due to incompatibility of different treatment planning programs. Sometimes there is only a brief report without full information about localization of irradiated targets. For now, each radiosurgery center uses its own nomenclature. [1-3] For example, in the work of H. Sandström et al., the names of left optic nerve by more than 10 different Gamma Knife groups are “LT-ON, LON T2, Lt optic nerve, lon, oar, Lt ON, vispath, Opt, nII, o1, and Lt optic nerve. ” One of the most commonly used nomenclature systems in radiotherapy society is the Report of AAPM Task Group 263. [4] However, the content of that document serves the purposes only of extracranial radiation therapy because of the absence of brain anatomical abbreviations. Nomenclature of intracranial pathology requires a more detailed description of central nervous system anatomy and special radiosurgical terms. We did not find an existing classification of intracranial structures that could be helpful in achieving radiosurgical purposes. The objective of this report is to propose terminology that can be applied across radiosurgical platforms and ensures a more uniform view of nomenclature for localization of intracranial lesions. The first step of target definition is accurate anatomical localization. For patients with multiple lesions (metastases, neurofibromatosis, etc.), with the longterm follow-up and multiple treatment sessions, there are some reasons for uncertainties: • different target names given by different persons responsible for follow-up • unequivocal definition of new lesions that could appear near irradiated lesions • localization of lesion between anatomical regions
Central nervous system‐infiltrated immune cells induce calcium increase in astrocytes via astroglial purinergic signaling

Interaction between autoreactive immune cells and astroglia is an important part of the pathologic processes that fuel neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis. In this inflammatory disease, immune cells enter into the central nervous system (CNS) and they spread through CNS parenchyma, but the impact of these autoreactive immune cells on the activity pattern of astrocytes has not been defined. By exploiting naïve astrocytes in culture and CNS‐infiltrated immune cells (CNS IICs) isolated from rat with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), here we demonstrate previously unrecognized properties of immune cell–astrocyte interaction. We show that CNS IICs but not the peripheral immune cell application, evokes a rapid and vigorous intracellular Ca2+ increase in astrocytes by promoting glial release of ATP. ATP propagated Ca2+ elevation through glial purinergic P2X7 receptor activation by the hemichannel‐dependent nucleotide release mechanism. Astrocyte Ca2+ increase is specifically triggered by the autoreactive CD4+ T‐cell application and these two cell types exhibit close spatial interaction in EAE. Therefore, Ca2+ signals may mediate a rapid astroglial response to the autoreactive immune cells in their local environment. This property of immune cell–astrocyte interaction may be important to consider in studies interrogating CNS autoimmune disease.
So close, no matter how far: multiple paths connecting transcription to mRNA translation in eukaryotes

Transcription of DNA into mRNA and translation of mRNA into proteins are two major processes underlying gene expression. Due to the distinct molecular mechanisms, timings, and locales of action, these processes are mainly considered to be independent. During the last two decades, however, multiple factors and elements were shown to coordinate transcription and translation, suggesting an intricate level of synchronization. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms that impact both processes in eukaryotic cells of different origins. The emerging global picture suggests evolutionarily conserved regulation and coordination between transcription and mRNA translation, indicating the importance of this phenomenon for the fine‐tuning of gene expression and the adjustment to constantly changing conditions.
Investigation of fibrinogen in early bleeding of patients with newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia

Abstract Early hemorrhagic death remains a major cause of treatment failure in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). This study investigated the role of fibrinogen concentrations in early hemorrhage and overall survival (OS) of APL patients. Laboratory and clinical data, including fibrinogen concentrations and other coagulation indexes, bleeding events, and survival data, of 198 patients newly diagnosed with APL from February 2012 to December 2017 were extracted from patient records and retrospectively investigated. Patients with moderate/severe bleeding had significantly lower median fibrinogen concentrations (p = .023), higher Chinese disseminated intravascular coagulation scoring system (CDSS) (p < .001), and were more often female (p = .034) than patients with no such bleeding. Additionally, patients with fibrinogen <1.0 g/L and 1.0–1.6 g/L had significantly higher moderate/severe bleeding rates than those with fibrinogen >1.6 g/L (p = .015; p = .023). However, moderate/severe (p = .088) and severe bleeding rates (p = .063) were comparable for patients with fibrinogen <1.0 g/L and 1.0–1.6 g/L. Multivariate analysis showed that fibrinogen ≤1.6 g/L (p = .036), platelet counts ≤10 × 109/L (p = .037), and CDSS scores ≥5 (p = .023) were independent risk factors for moderate/severe bleeding. Survival analysis indicated that moderate/severe bleeding (p = .018), fibrinogen ≤1.6 g/L combined with prothrombin time >12.8 s (p = .005), age ≥60 years (p = .001), and CDSS ≥5 (p = .044) were independent predictors of 1-year OS. Fibrinogen ≤1.6 g/L may be an independent risk factor for early bleeding in newly treated patients with APL and is associated with a worse 1-year OS. Increasing fibrinogen to >1.6 g/L may help to prevent bleeding.
Poster Presentations for website

OBJECTIVE: This poster illustrates findings from a study investigating the relationship between perfectionism and self-compassion. Perfectionism is a multidimensional personality trait characterised by a high level of self-critical evaluation and high personal standards (Hill & Curran, 2015). Evidence suggests that some forms of perfectionism are negatively associated with selfcompassion, a mindset characterised by non-judgemental awareness of painful thoughts and feelings, a recognition that one’s experiences are part of the larger human condition, and kindness towards oneself during difficult times (Neff, 2003).
Supplementary: Do GANs always have Nash equilibria?

Here, we provide the complete numerical results for the experiments discussed in Section 2 of the main text. Regarding the plots shown in Section 2 for the SN-GAN implementation, here we present the same plots for the Wasserstein GAN with weight clipping (WGAN-WC) and with gradient penalty (WGAN-GP) problems. Figures 1-4 repeat the experiments of Figures 1,2 in the main text for the WGAN-WC and WGAN-GP problems. These plots suggest that a similar result also holds for the WGAN-WC and WGAN-GP problems, where the objective and the generated samples’ quality were decreasing during the generator optimization. For a larger set of generated samples in the main text’s Figures 1,2 and Figures 1-4, we refer the readers to Figures 5-10.
THE SOCIAL SCIENTIST AS CHANGE AGENT: Elliott Jaques and the Individualist Imperative

The Australian mining industry has increasingly become an incubating ground for the resurgence in managerial militancy, attacking the idea that unions have a legitimate role as the representative of workers' interests. These attacks have centred on removing union recognition rights and union security arrangements. What is driving employer actions? The answer partly lies in competitive pressures that compels employers to focus on cost minimisation strategies, but also a growing interest by employers in individualist human resource practices.
Export Dynamics in Large Devaluations1

This paper studies export dynamics in emerging markets following large devaluations. We document two main features of exports that are puzzling for standard trade models. First, given the change in relative prices, exports tend to grow gradually following a devaluation. Second, high interest rates tend to suppress exports. To address these features of export dynamics, we embed a model of endogenous export participation due to sunk and per period export costs into an otherwise standard small open economy. In response to shocks to productivity, interest rates, and the discount factor, we nd the model can capture the salient features of export dynamics documented. At the aggregate level, the features giving rise to sluggish export dynamics lead to more gradual net export dynamics and sharper contractions in output. JEL classi cations: E31, F12.
Divergence and Phylogeny of Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Gene from Species in Nycticebus

Mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) genes were sequenced from one individual of N.coucang and two individuals of N.pygmaeus . By comparing with the cyt b sequences of three species in Lorisidae,the divergence and base substitution among these sequences were analyzed. The phylogenetic tree,in agreement with the fossil and morphologic data,was reconstructed with Daubentonia madagascariensis as the outgroup. The base composition of N.coucang and N.pygmaeus showed the same character as that of other mammals. The Tv/Ts ratio between the two Nycticebus species was as 6 times as other pairwise comparisons. The low values (0 1) of Ka/Ks ratio implied a strong selective constraint against the nonsynonymous sites of the cyt b genes from the species in Lorisidae. Based on the fossil data,the transitions and synonymous mutations at the third codon position that have shown a linear relation with time,the estimations of 3 Myr (million years) and 6 Myr were the divergent time between N.coucang and N.pygmaeus ,and between Lorisines and Galagines groups,respectively.
Real Time Detection Of Network Attacks Using Signature Based Approach

— Network attack detection is an essential technology in business as well as dynamic research area. It is essential for security of the information. Attacks on network can cause legitimate users being strived or denied services. A network attack detection approach is designed to detect attacks on network which follows the signature based methodology for determining attacks. In our proposed approach a log is maintained which displays the list of attacks initiated on the system to administrator for evasive action by generating alerts to control attacks on server.
An Efficient Temporal Modeling Approach for Speech Emotion Recognition by Mapping Varied Duration Sentences into Fixed Number of Chunks

Speech emotion recognition (SER) plays an important role in multiple ﬁelds such as healthcare, human-computer interaction (HCI), and security and defense. Emotional labels are often annotated at the sentence-level (i.e., one label per sentence), resulting in a sequence-to-one recognition problem. Traditionally, studies have relied on statistical descriptions, which are computed over time from low level descriptors (LLDs), creating a ﬁxed dimension sentence-level feature representation regardless of the duration of the sentence. However sentence-level features lack temporal information, which limits the performance of SER systems. Recently, new deep learning architectures have been proposed to model temporal data. An important question is how to extract emotion-relevant features with temporal information. This study proposes a novel data processing approach that extracts a ﬁxed number of small chunks over sentences of different durations by changing the overlap between these chunks. The approach is ﬂexible, providing an ideal framework to combine gated network or attention mechanisms with long short-term memory (LSTM) networks. Our experimental results based on the MSP-Podcast dataset demonstrate that the proposed method not only signiﬁcantly improves recognition accuracy over alternative temporal-based models relying on LSTM, but also leads to computational efﬁciency.
Assistive Technology Research and Disability Studies in the Global South: the Need for Synergy

We highlight the critical need to include voices from disability studies in the Global south in any discourse on Assistive technology design and development. We present the following reasons for this importance: 1) The majority of the global population of people with disabilities live in the global south. 2) The lived realities of people with disabilities (PwDs)in the global south are very different from those of the people with disabilities in the global north, including the capacity of the PwDs to absorb any available benefits. 3) Assistive technology work in the global north works on the premise that independence and access that is equal to the mainstream population is the desired end goal of the people with disabilities. We believe that the design of assistive technology solutions for these populations have to be rethought from the bottom up, taking the social context and the existing networks of support around PwDs.
Overexpression of S100A8 is Associated with Aggressive Biological Behaviour of Lung Adenocarcinoma

The inflammatory proteins S100A8 and S100A9 form a heterocomplex associated with the prognosis of various cancers. This study aims to examine the association between S100A8 and S100A9 expressions and various pathological variables in primary lung adenocarcinoma (AC). Serial paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 150 patients with lung AC resected at the Shizuoka General Hospital were immunostained and assessed. In patients with invasive lung AC (n = 132), an overlap between S100A8 and S100A9 immunopositivities was observed. S100A8 alone was not reported, but both immunopositivities were associated with high histological grade (P < 0.05), and S100A8 immunopositivity was associated with vessel permeation, poor pT categories, node metastasis, and poor pStage (P < 0.05). In patients with AC in situ (n = 18), only limited S100A9 immunopositivity was observed. The overexpression of S100A8 (S100A8/S100A9 up-regulation) might be a poor prognostic factor in lung AC.
Değerlendirmesi Certificate Transparency Conformity Assessment of Top 500 Websites

— Secure Socket Layer (SSL) certificates are electronic files used to encrypt data flow between clients and servers and to verify the identity of websites. SSL certificates are published by Certificate Authorities (CA) that are considered to be completely trustworthy. However, it is necessary to check whether or not a certificate has been accidentally issued by a CA without the user's consent. The Certificate Transparency (CT) Project, developed by Google, aims to satisfy this need within the SSL certificate validation system and offers an open framework to monitor and audit SSL certificates. Chrome requires that all TLS server certificates issued after April 30, 2018 must be compliant with the Chromium CT Policy. In this current study, we investigate whether or not websites and CAs are following this policy. The most popular 500 websites were therefore checked for their CT compliance with the methods that they use.
Implementation of Beamforming Techniques for Upcoming Wireless Communications

- Present generation of cellular communications does not meet the data requirements of users as the number of users is increasing exponentially . In order to meet the increasing demand of users a high data rate signal is to be provided.In order to accomplish this goal a high frequency wave is created through mm wave antennas in combination with beamforming technology. Beamforming techniques provide high gain, interference mitigation and spatial multiplexing. Beamforming designs for cellular communications has received a good deal of interest in the research field due to diversity gains. In this paper a performance comparison of analog, digital and hybrid beamforming techniques are demonstrated.
A Framework for an Ecosystem Integrity Report Card

543 E cosystem management is a structured process for society to define what ecological condition is desired at each part of a region and to develop and implement management policies designed to achieve that mosaic of desired sustainable ecological conditions (US MAB 1994, IEMTF 1995a, 1995b, Christensen et al. 1996, Harwell et al. 1996, Harwell 1998). Ideally, the establishment of ecological goals involves a close linkage between scientists and decision makers, in which science informs decision makers and the public by characterizing the ecological conditions that are achievable under particular management regimes, and decision makers make choices reflecting societal values, including issues of economics, politics, and culture. Because ecosystem management is adaptive—that is, management is adjusted if necessary to achieve goals—the general public, the scientific community, resource managers, and decision makers need to be routinely apprised of progress toward achieving the desired ecological goals, that is, they need a “report card” on ecosystem condition or integrity. The concept of report cards or performance measurements to describe progress toward environmental goals has evolved over the past few decades as environmental legislation and the appropriation of public funds for environmental restoration, preservation, and management have increased. Over this time, reports have expanded from measurement of the effects of single initiatives (e.g., land acquisition goals for parks and protected areas) and progress toward pollution reduction in single media (e.g., reduction of air or water emissions) to encompass the broader and longer-term regional ecosystem management and restoration approaches that have been developing in highly valued ecosystems throughout the country (e.g., the Greater Everglades, San Francisco Bay, Chesapeake Bay, the Great Lakes, and the Pacific Northwest). These holistic, often multi-agency efforts to maintain accountability for regional ecosystem integrity and the progress of restoration activities stem in part from the proactive desire of resource managers to maintain public interest, support, and, consequently, funding for long-term environmental restoration and management efforts. They also stem in part from specific legislative or regulatory requirements to engage the public in the ecosystem management process (e.g., EPA/EC 1995, 1996, Chesapeake Bay Program 1996, NSTC 1996a, 1996b) or from direct requests from Congress, A Framework for an Ecosystem Integrity Report Card