Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sulfur dioxide emissions from Peruvian copper smelters detected by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument

We report the first daily observations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from copper smelters by a satellite‐borne sensor ‐ the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA's EOS/Aura spacecraft. Emissions from two Peruvian smelters (La Oroya and Ilo) were detected in up to 80% of OMI overpasses between September 2004 and June 2005. SO2 production by each smelter in this period is assessed and compared with contemporaneous emissions from active volcanoes in Ecuador and southern Colombia. Annual SO2 discharge from the Ilo smelter, La Oroya smelter, and volcanoes in 2004–2005 is estimated and amounts to 0.3−0.1+0.2, 0.07 ± 0.03, and 1.2 ± 0.5 Tg, respectively. This study confirms OMI's potential as an effective tool for evaluation of anthropogenic and natural SO2 emissions. Smelter plumes transport an array of toxic metals in addition to SO2 and continued monitoring to mitigate health and environmental impacts is recommended.
A Rare Cause of Chronic Cough in Children: Lingual Thyroid

Clinicians should remain on high alert for oropharyngeal masses while evaluating chronic cough patients. When a mass lesion is observed in the tongue base, ectopic lingual thyroid must be considered in the differential diagnosis, and the diagnosis must be verified using USG and scintigraphy. It is important to pay more attention to a local irritation that is related to the increased physiological demand for thyroxine during puberty and pregnancy.
A Family of Switched-Resonant Converters With Wide Conversion Ratio and Controlled Sourcing Features for Volume-Sensitive Applications

In this paper, a family of switched-resonant converters with high efficiency over a wide conversion ratio range is introduced. Inspired by the gyrator resonant switched-capacitor concept, the new topology provides high efficiency over wide and continuous range of conversion ratios using a single resonator. This is enabled by new modes of operation (switching sequences) developed and analyzed in this paper that modify the charge balance of the flying capacitor. By that, the sourcing as well as the efficiency characteristics of the converter can be shaped to peak at various conversion ratios. A generalized methodology is presented to describe resonant converters with multiple operation modes as a two port which is then used to analyze several operational modes of the presented topology. Experimental results validate the developed theoretical model and demonstrate the superiority of the concept in terms of efficiency (over 10%) and current-sourcing capabilities (over 80%) using a compact 5-W prototype.
RADICAL INNOVATION AND EARLY STAGE FINANCING GAPS: EQUITY-BASED CROWDFUNDING CHALLENGES

Innovations and innovativeness in a business context is considered as one of the key determinants of competitive advantage due to its productive role in driving new markets and revenue growth as well as other value propositions. The success of this economic transition will pass by a context favorable to the innovation in general and to the entrepreneurial innovation in particular. Earlystage start-ups financing face particular difficulties. We focus on current challenges concerning entrepreneurial radical innovation financing. After presenting the radical innovation idea, the linear chain of financing and the equity gaps, our purpose is to discuss the role of equity-based crowdfunding, a relatively new form of informal financing of early-stage ventures. The main question of this explanatory research is to discuss if crowdfunding can help to bridge the equity-gap in financing innovative projects and under which conditions it could be possible.
In £ uenceof nutrient status andgrazing pressure on the fate of Francisella tularensis in lakewater

In£uenceof nutrient status andgrazing pressure on the fate of Francisella tularensis in lakewater Johanna Thelaus, Agneta Andersson, Peter Mathisen, Anna-Lena Forslund, Laila Noppa & Mats Forsman Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency, Umeå, Sweden; and Umeå Marine Sciences Centre, Hörnefors, Sweden
Methods for estimation of the vacuum status in vacuum circuit breakers

In this paper several methods are described for the estimation of the pressure inside vacuum interrupters which have been in operation for many years. The methods are applicable without demounting the interrupters and use only electrical measuring techniques. According to these methods the vacuum circuit breakers are subjected to synthetic circuits, switch-off limited currents, either 10 A dc or 300 A ac. With the 10 A dc method the height of arc voltage spikes are measured and represented in a histogram. The shape of the histogram is discriminative for pressures below or above 10/sup -2/ Pa. Switching tests with currents of 200 to 400 A ac in inductive and capacitive circuits also showed different behavior for internal pressures below or above 10/sup -1/ Pa. A three phase 200 A test device with a 10 kV recovery voltage, fed from a standard 380 V supply, showed similar results.
Costs of misspecification in break-model unit-root tests

This article examines power issues for the ADF and four break models (Perron, 1989; Zivot and Andrews, 1992) when the DGP corresponds to one of the break models. Choosing to test an incorrect break model can, but need not, greatly reduce the probability of rejecting the null. Break points that are relatively early in the sample period have substantial effects of increasing power. For modest shifts in time trends, simply including a time trend without shift in the model preserves power, but not for large time-trend shifts.
Autonomous three-dimensional formation flight for a swarm of unmanned aerial vehicles

This paper investigates the development of a new guidance algorithm for a formation of unmanned aerial vehicles. Using the new approach of bifurcating potential fields, it is shown that a formation of unmanned aerial vehicles can be successfully controlled such that verifiable autonomous patterns are achieved, with a simple parameter switch allowing for transitions between patterns. The key contribution that this paper presents is in the development of a new bounded bifurcating potential field that avoids saturating the vehicle actuators, which is essential for real or safety-critical applications. To demonstrate this, a guidance and control method is developed, based on a six-degreeof-freedom linearized aircraft model, showing that, in simulation, three-dimensional formation flight for a swarm of unmanned aerial vehicles can be achieved.
Manual Small Incisional Cataract Surgery Learning Curve: Observational Comparison of Three Trainee Training

1 DOMS, DNB, Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, JSS Medical College and Hospital, Mysore, Karnataka, India. 2 MS, Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, JSS Medical College and Hospital, Mysore, Karnataka, India. 3 MS, Junior Resident, Department of Ophthalmology, JSS Medical College and Hospital, Mysore, Karnataka, India. 4 DOMS, Junior Resident, Department of Ophthalmology, JSS Medical College and Hospital, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
Study on Directed Trust Graph Based Recommendation for E-commerce System

Automated recommender systems have played a more and more important role in marketing and ever increasingly booming e-commerce systems. They provide useful predictions personalized recommendations according to customers’ characteristics and a variety of large and complex product offerings. In many of these recommendation technologies C ollaborative Filtering (CF) has proven to be one of the most successful recommendation method, which has been widely used in many e-commerce systems. The success of CF recommendation depends mainly on locating similar neighbors to get recommendation items. However, many scholars have found that the process of finding similar neighbors often fail, due to some inherent weaknesses of CF based recommendation. In view of this, we propose a trust feedback recommendation algorithm based on directed trust graph (DTG), which is able to propagate trust relationship. In our approach, there is no need to compute similarity between users, but utilize the trust relation between them to conduct prediction calculation. Based on the analysis of human trust perception, we incorporate the process into our recommendation algorithm. Experimental evaluation on r eal life Epinions datasets shows that the effectiveness and practicability of our approach.
The Intersection of Women , Land and Corruption in Zimbabwe : Case study of women in Chisumbanje and Chinyamukwakwa villages in Zimbabwe

In this paper we focus on the complex interplay of women, land and corruption in Zimbabwe. The paper is based on a qualitative case study in Chisumbanje and Chinyamukwakwa. It focuses on understanding how corruption influences and affects women’s relationship to land in Zimbabwe. Land is an important social and economic asset with direct links to livelihoods especially for vulnerable groups such as women, and others, in society. Land corruption intersects and entrenches already existing gendered land inequalities and creates new inequalities. Ownership of land in Zimbabwe has traditionally been a male privilege. Women have historically found it difficult to own rural land in their own right, having only usufruct rights to land mainly through birth within specific patrilineages and through marriage. Inheritance of land, as with other property, has largely been confined to male heirs leaving daughters and wives at a disadvantage. This already contested relationship to land is further impacted by land corruption as shown in the case study discussed in this paper. Findings of the paper show that the impact of land dispossession was gendered with women of different social standing experiencing dispossession in varied ways. The findings also show that some women are carving out spaces in difficult circumstances, for survival through new activities or through subordination to those who have access to land. 1 Farai Mutondoro is a Senior Researcher and Coordinator with Transparency International Zimbabwe 2 Dr Manase Kudzai Chiweshe is a Senior Lecturer in the Centre for Development Studies, Chinhoyi University of Technology 3 Professor Rudo Gaidzanwa is a Sociology Lecturer at the University of Zimbabwe 2 The Intersection of Women, Land and Corruption in Zimbabwe: Case study of women in Chisumbanje and Chinyamukwakwa villages in Zimbabwe
Chondrules and the Protoplanetary Disk

AbstractMajor advances in deciphering the record of nebula processes in chondrites can be attributed to analytical improvements that allow coordinated isotopic and mineralogical studies of components in chondrites and to a wealth of new meteorites from hot and cold deserts. These studies have identified a few rare pristine chondrites that largely escaped heating and alteration in asteroids, which have matrices composed of submicrometer-sized grains of enstatite and forsterite and amorphous silicates, as found in comets. Isotopic analyses of components in pristine chondrites using short-lived nuclide chronometers, Pb-Pb dating, and oxygen isotopes aided by laboratory and theoretical studies of chondrites and differentiated meteorites have provided key constraints on the processes that shaped the early solar system. These processes were once thought to have followed one another sequentially over a period of several million years: chondrule formation; planetesimal accretion; alteration, metamorphism, and mel.
Analysis of KI-67 antigen in human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma – An immunohistochemical study

Background: Ki-67 is a specific marker of proliferating cells and is useful in tumor diagnosis and prognosis. Our study aimed at demonstrating the proliferating tumor cells in randomly selected high power fields using Ki-67 immunostaining and relating its expression with the different histological grades of human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methodology: The study group comprised of 90 diagnosed cases of OSCC (33well differentiated, 27moderately differentiated, and 30 poorly differentiated). Modified Broder’s histological grading system was employed. The sections were stained with an antibody directed against the Ki-67 antigen using an advanced polymer staining system. In each case, the number of positive cells regardless of the staining intensity were estimated in five random high power fields (400X) using the image analyzer software. The Ki-67 labeling index (LI) was expressed as the number of positive nuclei / mm 2 . Statistical analysis used were ANOVA and multiple comparisons test (Post-Hoc test) using the Bonferroni method. Results: A general increasing trend in the mean Ki-67 LI with higher Broder’s grade was noted. However, a EISSN
Asymmetric Ejecta of Cool Supergiants and Hypergiants in the Massive Cluster Westerlund 1

We report new 5.5 GHz radio observations of the massive star cluster Westerlund 1, taken by the Australia Telescope Compact Array, detecting nine of the ten yellow hypergiants (YHGs) and red supergiants (RSGs) within the cluster. Eight of nine sources are spatially resolved. The nebulae associated with the YHGs Wd1-4a, -12a and -265 demonstrate a cometary morphology - the first time this phenomenon has been observed for such stars. This structure is also echoed in the ejecta of the RSGs Wd1-20 and -26; in each case the cometary tails are directed away from the cluster core. The nebular emission around the RSG Wd1-237 is less collimated than these systems but once again appears more prominent in the hemisphere facing the cluster. Considered as a whole, the nebular morphologies provide compelling evidence for sculpting via a physical agent associated with Westerlund 1, such as a cluster wind.
Mantle transition zone thinning beneath eastern Africa: Evidence for a whole‐mantle superplume structure

P to S conversions from the 410 and 660 km discontinuities observed in receiver function stacks reveal a mantle transition zone that is ~30–40 km thinner than the global average in a region ~200–400 km wide extending in a SW‐NE direction from central Zambia, across Tanzania and into Kenya. The thinning of the transition zone indicates a ~190–300 K thermal anomaly in the same location where seismic tomography models suggest that the lower mantle African superplume structure connects to thermally perturbed upper mantle beneath eastern Africa. This finding provides compelling evidence for the existence of a continuous thermal structure extending from the core‐mantle boundary to the surface associated with the African superplume.
Acute hepatitis C Retrospective study in 62 patients

Results — Sixty-two cases were reported in 40 centers. Patients were predominantly female (58%), the median age was 33 years-old. Symptoms revealed the disease in 65% of cases (jaundice in 53%) and screening in 30%. The main suspected routes of infection were intravenous drug use (32%), nosocomial exposure (29%) and professional accidents (11%). Sustained viral clearance occurred in 12 out of the 28 patients who were followed without treatment for 6 months, in 14 of 30 treated early, and 4 out of 7 treated secondarily with interferon alpha alone. No prognostic factor was identified, except for a low total dose of interferon in treated patients.
School-based Smoking Prevention with Media Literacy: A Pilot Study

School-based tobacco prevention programs have had limited success reducing smoking rates in the long term. Media literacy programs offer an innovative vehicle for delivery of potentially more efficacious anti-tobacco education. However, these programs have been neither widely implemented nor well evaluated. We conducted a pre-post evaluation of a cross-disciplinary tobacco media literacy program. The sample consisted of 204 students across six schools. Results indicated that students’ smoking-specific media literacy and general media literacy measures increased significantly over the course of the intervention.
Evaluation Order Effects in Dynamic Continuized CCG: From Negative Polarity Items to Balanced Punctuation

Combinatory Categorial Grammar’s (CCG; Steedman, 2000) ﬂexible treatment of word order and constituency enable it to employ a compact lexicon, an important factor in its successful application to a range of NLP problems. However, its word order ﬂexibility can be problematic for linguistic phenomena where linear order plays a key role. In this paper, we show that the enhanced control over evaluation order afforded by Continuized CCG (Barker & Shan, 2014) makes it possible to not only implement an improved analysis of negative polarity items in Dynamic Continuized CCG (White et al., 2017) but also to develop an accurate treatment of balanced punctuation.
Mechanisms Underlying the Pathogenesis of Atrial Arrhythmias in RGS4-deficient Mice

Atrial arrhythmias are very common clinically relevant conditions that are strongly associated with aging and parasympathetic tone. Additionally, ATP-sensitive K + (KATP) channel activation has been reported to facilitate the development of re-entrant atrial arrhythmias. Since KATP channels are direct effectors of Gαi/o and RGS4 is an inhibitor of Gαi/o-signaling, we here investigate whether KATP channel activity is increased under decreased RGS4 activity in a manner that enhances susceptibility to AF. We show that loss of RGS4 facilitates the induction of atrial arrhythmias under parasympathetic challenge both in whole animals and isolated atrial tissues. Furthermore, using both genetic disruption (Kir6.2 ablation) and pharmacologic blockade (tolbutamide), we show that loss of functional KATP channels decreases the incidence of pacing-induced re-entry and prolongs repolarization in RGS4-deficient atria. Our findings are consistent with the conclusion that enhanced KATP channel activity may contribute to pacinginduced re-entrant rotors in the RGS4-deficient mouse model.
The July 10 2000 Payatas Landfill Slope Failure

This paper presents an investigation of the slope failure in the Payatas landfill in Quezon City, Philippines. This failure, which killed at least 330 persons, occurred July 10th 2000 after two weeks of heavy rain from two typhoons. Slope stability analyses indicate that the raised leachate level, existence of landfill gas created by natural aerobic and anaerobic degradation, and a significantly over - steepened slope contributed to the slope failure. The Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP) model was used to predict the location of the leachate level in the waste at the time of the slope failure for analysis purposes. This paper presents a description of the geological and environmental conditions, identification of the critical failure surface, and slope stability analyses to better understand the failure and present recommendations for other landfills in tropical areas. In addition, this case history is used to evaluate uncertainty in parameters used in back-analysis of a landfill slope failure.
Lorentz covariant theory of light propagation in gravitational fields of arbitrary moving bodies

The Lorentz covariant theory of the propagation of light in the (weak) gravitational fields of N-body systems consisting of arbitrarily moving pointlike bodies with constant masses ${m}_{a}$ $(a=1,2,\dots{},N)$ is constructed. The theory is based on the Li\'enard-Wiechert representation of the metric tensor which describes a retarded type solution of the gravitational field equations. A new approach for integrating the equations of motion of light particles (photons) depending on the retarded time argument is invented. Its application in the first post-Minkowskian approximation, which is linear with respect to the universal gravitational constant G makes it evident that the equations of light propagation admit to be integrated straightforwardly by quadratures. Explicit expressions for the trajectory of a light ray and its tangent vector are obtained in algebraically closed form in terms of functionals of retarded time. General expressions for the relativistic time delay, the angle of light deflection, and the gravitational shift of electromagnetic frequency are derived in the form of instantaneous functions of retarded time. They generalize previously known results for the case of static or uniformly moving bodies. The most important applications of the theory to relativistic astrophysics and astrometry are given. They include a discussion of the velocity-dependent terms in the gravitational lens equation, the Shapiro time delay in binary pulsars, gravitational Doppler shift, and a precise theoretical formulation of the general relativistic algorithms of data processing of radio and optical astrometric measurements made in the nonstationary gravitational field of the solar system. Finally, proposals for future theoretical work being important for astrophysical applications are formulated.
PAYMENT SYSTEMS TO IMPROVE QUALITY, EFFICIENCY, AND CARE COORDINATION FOR CHRONICALLY ILL PATIENTS – A FRAMEWORK AND COUNTRY EXAMPLES1

Care for people with chronic conditions is an issue of increasing importance in industrialized countries. Facing an ageing population, the burden of chronic diseases is constantly growing. However, today chronic diseases are no longer considered as a problem of the rich and elderly, since we know that within highincome countries, poor as well as young and middle-aged people are affected by chronic conditions. This has serious economic consequences that become apparent as expenditure on chronic care rises across countries.
Parents¡¯ Monitoring-Relevant Knowledge, Involvement with Deviant Peers and Substance Use: Time-Variant and Long-Term Associations among Adolescents Aged 12-17

With longitudinal data, drawn from the Malmo Individual and Neighbourhood Development Study (MINDS), time-variant and long-term associations between parentsi¯ monitoring-relevant knowledge, involvement with deviant peers and substance use are examined among a sample of 190 adolescents followed from 12 to 17 years of age. The main results show that parents knowing where their children are, what they are doing, and whom they are with, is beneficial in providing protection against involvement with deviant peers, which in turn appear to be important to the development of substance use. These results apply to both time-variant and long-term associations.
Examining Stress Relaxation in a Dissimilar Metal Weld Subjected to Postweld Heat Treatment

Dissimilar metal welds are often required in nuclear power plants to join components made from austenitic steels to those from ferritic steels, particularly in fast breeder reactor plants, in order to join the intermediate heat exchanger to the steam generator. The process of welding alters the microstructure of the base materials and causes residual stresses to form, both because of the change in the microstructure and the differing thermal histories in various regions. Postweld heat treatment (PWHT) is required to relieve the residual stresses and achieve preferable microstructural gradients across the weld joint. Therefore, in order to arrive at the optimal PWHT process, it is necessary to investigate the effects of heat treatment on the joint integrity, microstructure, and residual stress relaxation in the welds. To investigate the effect of PWHT on the residual stress relaxation and corresponding alteration of microstructure across a welded joint, a dissimilar weld between modified 9Cr-1Mo steel and austenitic stainless steel AISI 316LN was made using autogenous electron beam welding. To achieve this, the welding process was first modeled numerically using finite element analysis, and the residual stress predictions were validated by experimental investigation using neutron diffraction. The validated model was then used to study the residual stress relaxation through the simulation of PWHT. The predicted stress relaxation was compared with contour method measurement of residual stresses in the actual welded plate subjected to PWHT. The results indicate that, although some relaxation of residual stresses occurred during PWHT, there is still a significant portion of highly localized residual stresses left in the specimen.