Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning to become an expert: reinforcement learning and the acquisition of perceptual expertise

Acquisition of perceptual skills is of vital importance as it enables identification of objects in the environment. With training and experience, it is possible to get specialized at recognizing a particular category of objects. The research on perceptual expertise has mostly contrasted performances and brain areas between experts and novices. The differences in perceptual capabilities between the experts and the novices rely on learning of implicit rules for categorization of objects1 and 2 maintaining the domain-specific information in the working memory. There is evidence that acquisition of expertise is associated with activations in ventral visual stream, especially in the fusiform gyrus, the lateral occipital cortex and inferior temporal cortex. doi : 10.5214/ans.0972. 7531.1118307
Linfomas no Hodgkin: Área metropolitana de Bucaramanga

RESUMEN Introduccion: Ninguna neoplasia ha generado tanta confusion en sus sistemas de clasificacion como los linfomas no Hodgkin (LNH). Una correcta tipificacion es necesaria para el diagnostico, pronostico y tratamiento. Objetivo: clasificar los LNH del registro poblacional de cancer del area metropolitana de Bucaramanga. Pacientes y metodos: Se realizo un estudio observacional de corte transversal, utilizando como poblacion los pacientes con LNH del area metropolitana de Bucaramanga de enero de 2000 a diciembre de 2006. La informacion se obtuvo de las historias clinicas y de inmunohistoquimica en bloques de parafina. Se utilizo la clasificacion de linfomas de la OMS. Resultados: Se estudiaron 320 pacientes y se encontro predominio de la enfermedad en la 6a y 7a decada. La distribucion por genero fue mayor en hombres con 61,26% y mujeres 45,6%. El sitio anatomico de compromiso mas frecuente fue ganglios cervicales con 25,6%. La mayoria expresaron antigenos B, 86,8%, y T, 1,8%. El subtipo mas frecuente fue difuso de celula grande en el 29,6%. Conclusiones: La mayoria los LNH del area metropolitana de Bucaramanga son de linajes B, nodales y de celula grande difuso. Fue evidente el uso limitado de otras tecnicas para la clasificacion de estas neoplasias en nuestra region. Salud UIS 2011; 43(1): 39-47 Palabras clave: Linfoma no Hodgkin, topografia medica, morfologia, poblacion ABSTRACT Introduction: There is not a neoplasm that has generated such confusion on its classification system such as the Non- Hodgkin’s lymphoma. An adequate classification is necessary for diagnosis, prognostic and treatment. Objetive: To classify the NHL from the Bucaramanga metropolitan area poblational cancer registry. Patients and methods: An observational cross-sectional study was made, using as population the patients with NHL from the Bucaramanga metropolitan area from January 2000 until December 2006. The information was obtained from the clinical records and inmunohistochemistry in paraffin blocks. The WHO lymphoma classification was used. Results: 320 patients were studied and a predominance of the disease was found on the 6th and 7th decade of life. Gender distribution was higher in men with 61.26% and women 45.6%. The anatomical site more frequently affected were the cervical lymph nodes with 25.6%. Most of them expressed B antigens, 86.8%, and T, 1.8%. The most frequent subtype was diffuse large B cell in 29.6%. Conclusions: Most of the NHL from the Bucaramanga metropolitan area are nodal, of B lineage, and diffuse large cell subtype. The limited use of other techniques for the classification of these neoplasms in our region was evident. Salud UIS 2011; 43(1): 39-47 Keywords: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, medical topography, morphology, population
Polysomnographic evaluation of uninfected babies born to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 positive mothers

Introduccion: el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana tipo 1 (VIH-1) es un retrovirus linfotropico y neurotropico. Esta caracteristica genera alteraciones inmunologicas y neurologicas particularmente en ninos. Durante el periodo neonatal la maduracion del sistema nervioso central ocurre rapidamente, y su alteracion puede perturbar diferentes aspectos del desarrollo tales como el ciclo sueno-vigilia. Objetivo: evaluar la organizacion del sueno y el patron electroencefalografico y respiratorio en recien nacidos VIH-1 negativos hijos de madres VIH-1 positivas. Metodos: se les hizo polisomnografia a 22 infantes. Se calculo la maduracion electroencefalografica usando el numero de ondas delta en sueno REM y NREM, la duracion del intervalo interespigas y la sincronia interhemisferica. Se analizo la arquitectura del sueno con base en el porcentaje de sueno REM, NREM y sueno transicional con relacion al tiempo total de sueno. Resultados: la diferencia entre la edad electroencefalografica y la edad concepcional calculada fue menor de dos semanas. El rango del porcentaje de sueno REM y NREM fue 39-64 y 30-58 y la media fue de 52,5 y 36,5, respectivamente. La concordancia en los recien nacidos con alto porcentaje de sueno transicional fue menor comparada con la de los neonatos con menor porcentaje de sueno transicional (p menor 0,05). Discusion: a pesar de la exposicion intrauterina al VIH-1 y a los antirretrovirales, no se evidenciaron cambios significativos en la maduracion electroencefalografica. La disminucion de la concordancia en neonatos con alto porcentaje de sueno transicional podria sugerir una alteracion en el proceso de maduracion, pero este aspecto en particular no es suficiente para considerar que la exposicion intrauterina al VIH-1 y a los antirretrovirales afecta toda la arquitectura del sueno. Estudios posteriores deberian aclarar si la disminucion entre la concordancia, el comportamiento y el porcentaje de sueno NREM es duplicable.
Pulpektomie und Wurzelbehandlung im Milchgebiss

Bekes K. Bei Vorliegen einer irreversiblen Pulpitis oder einer nekrotischen Pulpa am Milchzahn ist die Pulpektomie mit sich anschließender Wurzelbehandlung angezeigt [1]. Apikale und interradikuläre Entzündungen, physiologische Resorptionen mit Eröffnung des radikulären Pulpakavums und ein nicht abgeschlossenes Wurzelwachstum stellen Kontraindikationen dar [1]. Bei der Pulpektomie stehen die Entfernung des radikulären Pulpagewebes sowie die vorsichtige Reinigung und Formgebung des Kanalsystems im Vordergrund.
Diabetes Obesity-Wellness Opportunity Program (DOWOP) Evaluation

The aim of the study was to evaluate Diabetes Obesity Wellness Opportunities Program (DOWOP) for overweight and obese adolescents aged eight to 14 years. The study was conducted over 14 weeks at Victor J. Cassano, Sr. Health Center in Dayton, Ohio. Thirteen weekly nutrition, exercise and cognitive presentations were held. Cooking class was held on week thirteen. Participants completed food and activity diaries. The program sessions focused on healthy eating, increasing physical activity, decreasing sedentary behavior and supporting participants maintain healthy lifestyle. Nurses recorded BMI and waist circumference at baseline, week 7 and week 14. Program administrators were interviewed at baseline and week 14. Satisfaction and intention survey was administered on week 14. Program evaluation questionnaire were completed by adolescents and their parents. Fourteen participants completed the program and a high retention rate (91%) was achieved. Eighty three percent of participants decreased BMI and waist circumference. Both adolescents and their parents expressed high satisfaction of the program activities. Adolescents strongly agreed to continue exercising and eating healthy and parents reported increase in knowledge from the program. DOWOP was successful in meeting its goals to change behavior, increased knowledge, and decreased BMI and waist circumference. The program was very innovative because it incorporated cognitive component, parents’ involvement, and used culturally relevant dance and movement. The program was popular with participants as well as program administrators.
Sustentabilidade da dívida pública dos estados brasileiros

A federacao brasileira passou nas ultimas decadas por ciclos em que ora houve uma concentracao de competencias na Uniao, ora houve uma desconcentracao para os demais entes federativos. Contudo, essa alternância pendular nem sempre esteve ligada a equivalente fonte de recursos que suportassem o aumento de despesas decorrentes. Como resultado desse descompasso, o endividamento publico foi uma alternativa usada para a obtencao de receitas, porem suas consequencias seriam sentidas mais tarde. A insustentabilidade da divida publica dos estados e Distrito Federal teve seu apice nas decadas de 1980 e 1990, gerando a necessidade de uma macica renegociacao, de carater definitivo. A Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal, em 2001, da mesma forma, buscou consolidar os ganhos alcancados nesse momento. Porem, a atual situacao do endividamento publico brasileiro ainda e relativamente dependente do contexto economico, suscetivel a choques de arrecadacao e/ou inflacionarios.
The effect of contraction type on muscle strength, work and fatigue in maximal isokinetic exercise

This study investigated knee extensor muscle strength, work and fatigue level under maximal isokinetic concentric and eccentric exercise. Seventeen male athletes were randomized into two groups and performed 10 sets of 10 maximal isokinetic concentric (N = 8) or eccentric (N = 9) contractions. Knee extensor peak torque and mean torque values per set were 54-121% and 53-133% higher in eccentric compared to concentric exercise, respectively, whereas the percent fall of performance in these variables was more accentuated in concentric exercise. Total work was significantly higher in eccentric exercise (19475 J) than concentric exercise (15758 J), while fatigue index was greater in concentric (36%) than eccentric (18%) exercise. In conclusion, maximal isokinetic eccentric exercise promotes larger overload to knee extensor muscles than its concentric counterpart due to higher torque produced by the muscle group and also thanks to minor muscle fatigue effects.
Using critical incident interviews to identify the mental health knowledge, skills and attitudes of entry‐level dietitians

Aim: This paper aims to explore new graduates' experience working with clients with mental health issues using critical incident interviews. Methods: The qualitative research techniques were based on phenomenology. A purposive sample of 19 new graduate dietitians was drawn from a range of work settings and locations throughout Australia. Data were gathered using 30-minute critical incident interviews. Audiotaped data were transcribed, coded to identify common themes, compared for congruence and then categorised into knowledge, skills and attitudes. Results: New graduates encountered a range of situations involving a variety of mental health, wellbeing, dietetic and clinical issues. Common themes revealed that graduates felt under-prepared to deal with these situations. Themes also highlighted the mental health knowledge, skills and attitudes required for entry-level dietitians, which then informed the review of the National Competency Standards for Entry-Level Dietitians. Conclusion: New graduates encounter a variety of mental health and wellbeing issues in their everyday practice and therefore require training to address these situations competently.
Implicación pronóstica de la fragilidad y los síntomas depresivos en una población ambulatoria con insuficiencia cardiaca

Introduccion y objetivos. Los pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca presentan un elevado grado de fragilidad y dependencia. Durante 1 ano de seguimiento, examinamos la relacion de la fragilidad y los sintomas depresivos con la mortalidad a 1 ano y con la hospitalizacion por insuficiencia cardiaca. Metodos. Todos los pacientes fueron sometidos a una valoracion geriatrica que permitiria la deteccion de fragilidad y de sintomas depresivos. Se evaluo a 622 pacientes (el 72,5% varones; mediana de edad, 68 anos; el 92% se hallaba en clase II o III de la NYHA; la mediana de fraccion de eyeccion era del 30%). Resultados. Fallecieron durante el seguimiento 60 (9,5%) pacientes, y 101 (16,2%) tuvieron que ser hospitalizados por insuficiencia cardiaca. Se detecto fragilidad en el 39,9% de los pacientes y sintomas depresivos en el 25,2%. La fragilidad (el 16,9 frente al 4,8%; p < 0,001) y los sintomas depresivos (el 15,3 frente al 7,7%; p = 0,006) resultaron estar relacionados con la mortalidad a 1 ano de forma significativa. Tambien se detecto una relacion significativa entre la fragilidad y la hospitalizacion por insuficiencia cardiaca (el 20,5 frente al 13,3%; p = 0,01). No se observo relacion entre sintomas depresivos y hospitalizacion por insuficiencia cardiaca. La fragilidad resulto tener un valor predictivo independiente de mortalidad pero no de hospitalizacion. Conclusiones. En el analisis univariable, la fragilidad y los sintomas depresivos mostraron una relacion significativa con la mortalidad a 1 ano; ademas, la fragilidad mostro una relacion significativa con la necesidad de hospitalizacion por insuficiencia cardiaca. Sin embargo, solo la fragilidad mostro un valor predictivo de mortalidad independiente de otras variables con fuerte influencia en el pronostico.
Effect of aerobic exercises on insulin resistance in obese pregnant women.

Aims: This study was conducted to determine the effect of aerobic exercises on insulin resistance in obese pregnant women. Methodology: 60 primigravidas women between 20-24 weeks gestation diagnosed as having insulin resistance participated in this study. They were selected from the out Patient Clinic of Obstetrics at Kasr El-Aini University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University. Their age ranged 25-35 years, their body mass index ranged from 30-35 kg/m². Participants were assigned randomly into 2groups, participants of group (A) followed moderate restricted diet (1800-2000 kcal/day) in addition to participation in an aerobic exercise program 3 times weekly until end of 37 weeks gestation, while participants of group (B) followed moderate restricted diet (1800-2000 kcal/day) until end of 37 weeks gestation. Results: The present study revealed that aerobic exercise program produced a significant decrease (P<.001) in insulin resistance level homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) test, fasting blood glucose level & fasting insulin level than the use of moderate restricted diet. Conclusion: Aerobic exercises are effective in reducing insulin resistance in obesepregnant female if it continued throughout pregnancy. Original Research Article
Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma Mimicking a Solitary Mediastinal Tumor

A 47-year-old woman who had undergone extended right hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma 6 years ago presented with gradual onset of dyspnea for 2 months. Imaging studies revealed a mass involving the right paratracheal region. Bronchoscopy showed a mass effect at the anterior wall of the lower trachea. She underwent thoracoscopic right paratracheal tumor excision and high mediastinal lymph node dissection. The final histopathology revealed metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. The patient's symptoms improved after surgery, and there was no recurrence during 14 months of follow-up.
ST 6 PROJETO POR CENÁRIOS: UMA NARRATIVA DA DIFERENÇA

O projeto urbano e uma acao de intervencao sobre uma determinada realidade. Talvez, mas nao devemos “naturalizar” essa questao. Ou seja, ha diferentes niveis de intervencao e nem toda intervencao e total e corretiva. Pensemos pela perspectiva corretiva. O projeto visto como uma intervencao desse tipo considera que a realidade nao corresponde a uma determinada expectativa e desempenho e submete a realidade a um processo de correcao. Essa abordagem recobre alguns problemas de fundo, mas, pelo menos dois podem ser aqui enunciados: um discurso metaforico explicito e um discurso ideologico implicito. O primeiro – o discurso explicito – e o fato da palavra intervencao remeter, metaforicamente, ao discurso das ciencias medicas ou da biologia do corpo-organismo. Expressoes como: organismo vivo para descrever a dinâmica da cidade; arterias para suas vias de passagem; coracao para a area central; tecido ou morfologia para descrever suas formas; dentre outras, sao todas pensadas como um corpo-organismo. Essa nocao de corpo-organismo implica uma leitura funcional da cidade, isto e, a cidade passa a ser vista como algo que deve funcionar. E se tal objetivo nao se realiza, e “natural” que se faca um bom diagnostico para identificar as possiveis falhas do organismo-cidade e explicitar quais doencas impedem o seu “bom funcionamento”. O aspecto funcional tambem esta diretamente relacionado a eficiencia e ambos comprometidos com um paradigma tecnico-cientifico.
Lifetime estimation of medium voltage cables in wet environments

An analysis of the time-breakdown strength characteristics of cables with various kinds of insulations aged under essential service stressors (electrical stress, thermal stress, and water) is reported. Specifically, attention is given to MV cables with synthetic insulation and sheath installed in locations where, during service, water can enter into the insulation. The analysis revealed the main causes of cable aging. Structural properties seem to be responsible for the degradation of the insulation. A novel method for selection of insulating material, making it possible to tailor insulation with respect to required life expectancy, is presented. Methods for testing and lifetime estimation of full-size cables are given. <<ETX>>
Rádio Difusão Digital utilizando códigos pseudo- aleatórios e seu uso em Rádios Comunitárias

Resumo—Uma proposta de rádio digital que explora as vantagens dos códigos pseudo-aleatórios é apresentada. A proposta sugere um transmissor e seu dual receptor capaz de reutilizar faixas do espectro de freqüência através das tecnologias de processamento digital de sinais. Este trabalho propõe um sistema de comunicação que possibilite uma rádio de difusão com as seguintes características: menor potência de transmissão; canais alternativos; e não interferir em outros serviços, além de poder agregar serviços como o posicionamento em duas ou três dimensões.
Abstract 706: A novel photodynamic therapy with virus-mediated delivery of photosensitive cytotoxic fluorescent protein KillerRed for human cancers

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an antitumor strategy to induce tumor-specific cytotoxicity through accumulation of photosensitizers (PSs) and following light irradiation. Specific wavelength light irradiation induces the PS-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent cytotoxicity in tumor cells. Currently, some kinds of PSs, such as photofrin and laserphyrin, are used for PDT on clinical settings. However, the lack of sufficient and continuous accumulation of PSs in tumor tissues makes difficult to eradicate tumor cells by PDT. Therefore, the development of novel strategy for accumulation of PS in tumor tissues more efficiently and persistently is required to improve the antitumor effect of PDT. A bioengineered fluorescent protein KillerRed has been previously reported to generate ROS upon green light irradiation, suggesting a potential of KillerRed fluorescent protein as a novel PS. We recently confirmed that transient or stable transfection with KillerRed-expressing plasmid vector suppressed the cell viability through induction of ROS-mediated apoptosis in various types of human cancer cells when combined with light irradiation. In this study, we generated non-replicative adenovirus expressing KillerRed (Ad-KillerRed) and telomerase-specific conditionally replicating adenovirus expressing KillerRed (CRAd-KillerRed) to induce efficient accumulation of KillerRed in tumor cells. The in vitro antitumor effect of these viruses was investigated in human cancer H1299, HCT116 and HT29 cells in combination with light irradiation. Ad-KillerRed at high dose suppressed cell viability of human cancer cells when combined with light irradiation. In contrast, CRAd-KillerRed suppressed cell viability of human cancer cells more efficiently compared to Ad-KillerRed in combination with light irradiation. These results suggest that virus-mediated delivery system of KillerRed is a promising strategy for novel PDT. Now, in vivo experiments are under way to investigate antitumor effect of these viruses. Citation Format: Kiyoto Takehara, Hiroshi Tazawa, Yuuri Hashimoto, Hiroyuki Kishimoto, Toshiyoshi Fujiwara, Nobuhiro Narii, Hiroyuki Mizuguchi. A novel photodynamic therapy with virus-mediated delivery of photosensitive cytotoxic fluorescent protein KillerRed for human cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 706. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-706
Lovell and Winter's Pediatric Orthopedics

VOLUME 1 Embryology and Development of the Musculoskeletal System Growth in Pediatric Orthopaedics Imaging Techniques and Applications The Pediatric Orthopaedic Examination Normal Gait and Assessment of Gait Disorders Genetic Aspects of Orthopaedic Conditions Metabolic and Endocrine Abnormalities The Skeletal Dysplasias Syndromes of Orthopaedic Importance Localized Disorders of Bone and Soft Tissue Diseases Related to the Hematopoietic System Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Bone and Joint Sepsis Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Cerebral Palsy Myelomeningocele Other Neuromuscular Disorders Idiopathic and Congenital Scoliosis Index VOLUME 2 Kyphosis Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis The Cervical Spine The Upper Limb Developmental Hip Dysplasia and Dislocation Legg-Calve-Perthes Syndrome Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis Developmental Coxa Vara, Transient Synovitis, and Idiopathic Chondrolysis of the Hip The Lower Extremity Leg Length Discrepancy The Foot The Limb-Deficient Child Sports Medicine in Children and Adolescents Management of Fractures The Role of the Orthopaedic Surgeon in Child Abuse Inde
Influences on Crowd Behaviour at Outdoor Music Festivals

The results of some crowd behaviour at outdoor music festivals (OMFs) are injuries and sometimes death. The following study has identified a number of factors that are highly likely to have an influence on crowd behaviour and safety at OMFs. The participants in the study (N=44) were specialised security professionals recruited from a single organisation providing security at music based events. These study participants considered problems resulting from intoxication, crowd crushes, the style of live performances and the overall crowd composition as being responsible for the majority of the behavioural concerns they encountered at OMFs. These behavioural factors could form a basic criterion to identify higher risk to patrons at OMFs. Additionally, the study participants considered the overcrowding of venues, a lack of emergency planning and insufficient security staff at events being highly likely to impact on safety at these events. These behavioural and safety factors should be highlighted in pre-event discussions and within the approval processes for OMFs. Highlighting these factors will contribute to the provision of appropriate services and infrastructure based on the specific risk characteristics of each OMF.