Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Primary pathogenic mtDNA mutations in multigeneration pedigrees with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy.

Claus EB, Risch NJ, Thompson WD (1991) Genetic analysis of breast cancer in the Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study. Am J Hum Genet 48:232-242 Easton DF, Bishop DT, Ford D, Crockford GP, the Breast Cancer Linkage Consortium (1993) Genetic linkage analysis in familial breast and ovarian cancer: results from 214 families. Am J Hum Genet 52:678-701 Hall JM, Lee MK, Newman B, Morrow JE, Anderson LA, Huey B, King MC (1990) Linkage of early onset familial breast cancer to chromosome 17q21. Science 250: 1684-1689 Miki Y, Swensen J, Shattuck-Eidens D, Futreal AP, Harshman K, Tavtigian S, Liu Q, et al (1994) A strong candidate for the breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1. Science 266:66-71 Narod SA, Feunteun J. Lynch HT, Watson P. Conway T, Lynch J. Lenoir GM (1991) Familial breast-ovarian cancer locus on chromosome 17q12-23. Lancet 338:82-83 Narod S, Ford D, Devilee P. Barkardottir RB, Eyfjord J, Lenoir G. Serova 0. et al (1995) Genetic heterogeneity of breast-ovarian cancer revisited. Am J Hum Genet 57: 957-958 Neuhausen SL, Swensen J, Miki Y. Liu Q, Tavtigian S, Shattuck-Eidens D, Kamb A, (1994) A P1-based physical map of the region from D17S776 to D17S78 containing the breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1. Hum Mol Genet 3:1119-1126 Sobol H. Birnbaum D, Eisinger F (1994) Evidence for a third breast-cancer susceptibility gene. Lancet 344: 1151-1152 Struewing JP, Abeliovitch D, Peretz T. Avishai N. Kaback MM, Collins F. Brody LC (1995) The carrier frequency of the BRCA1 185delAG mutation is approximately 1 per cent in Ashkenazi Jewish individuals. Nat Genet 11: 198-200 Wooster R, Bignell G, Lancaster J, Swift S, Seal S, Mangion J, Collins N (1995) Identification of the breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA2. Nature 378:789-792 Wooster R, Neuhausen SL, Mangion J, Quirk Y. Ford D, Collins N, Nguyen K, et al (1994) Localization of a breast cancer susceptibility gene, BRCA2, to chromosome 13q121. Science 265:2088-2090
Anatomy‐Guided Multi‐Level Exploration of Blood Flow in Cerebral Aneurysms

For cerebral aneurysms, the ostium, the area of inflow, is an important anatomic landmark, since it separates the pathological vessel deformation from the healthy parent vessel. A better understanding of the inflow characteristics, the flow inside the aneurysm and the overall change of pre‐ and post‐aneurysm flow in the parent vessel provide insights for medical research and the development of new risk‐reduced treatment options. We present an approach for a qualitative, visual flow exploration that incorporates the ostium and derived anatomical landmarks. It is divided into three scopes: a global scope for exploration of the in‐ and outflow, an ostium scope that provides characteristics of the flow profile close to the ostium and a local scope for a detailed exploration of the flow in the parent vessel and the aneurysm. The approach was applied to five representative datasets, including measured and simulated blood flow. Informal interviews with two board‐certified radiologists confirmed the usefulness of the provided exploration tools and delivered input for the integration of the ostium‐based flow analysis into the overall exploration workflow.
Nephrology and renal replacement therapy in Romania--transition still continues (Cinderella story revisited).

UNLABELLED INTRODUCTION. This report describes the current status of nephrology and renal replacement therapy (RRT) in Romania, a country with previously limited facilities, highlighting national changes in the European context. METHODS Trends in RRT development were analysed in 2003, on a national basis, using the same questionnaires as in previous surveys (1991, 1995). Survival data and prognostic risk factors were calculated retrospectively from a large representative sample of 2284 patients starting RRT between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 2001 (44% of the total RRT population investigated). RESULTS In 2003, RRT incidence [128 per million population (p.m.p.)] and prevalence (250 p.m.p.) were six and five times higher, respectively, than in 1995. The annual rate of increase in the stock of RRT patients (11%) was supported mainly by an exponential development of the continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) population (+600%), while the haemodialysis (HD) growth rate was stable (+33%) and renal transplantation made a marginal contribution. Renal care infrastructure followed the same trend: nephrology departments (+100%) and nephrologists (+205%). The characteristics of RRT incident patients changed accordingly to current European epidemiology (increasing age and prevalence of diabetes and nephroangiosclerosis). The estimated overall survival of RRT patients in Romania was 90.6% at 1 year [confidence interval (CI) 89.4-91.8] and 62.2% at 5 years (CI 59.4-65.0). Patients' survival was negatively influenced (Cox regression analysis) by age >65 years (P < 0.001), lack of pre-dialysis monitoring by a nephrologist [P = 0.01, hazards ratio (HR) = 0.8], severe anaemia, lack of erythropoetin treatment (P < 0.001, HR = 0.6), and co-morbidity, e.g. cardiovascular diseases (P < 0.001, HR = 1.8) and diabetes mellitus (P < 0.001, HR = 2.2). CONCLUSIONS Although the rate of increase in RRT patient stock in 1996-2003 in Romania was the highest in Europe, the prevalence remained below the European mean. As CAPD had the greatest expansion, followed by HD, an effective transplantation programme must be set up to overcome the imbalance. The quality of RRT appears to be good and survival was similar to that in other registries. Further evolution implies strategies of prevention, based on national surveys, supported by the Romanian Renal Registry.
Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of Agriculture

Remote sensing is being increasingly used in different agricultural applications. Hyperspectral remote sensing in large continuous narrow wavebands provides significant advancement in understanding the subtle changes in biochemical and biophysical attributes of the crop plants and their different physiological processes, which otherwise are indistinct in multispectral remote sensing. This article describes spectral properties of vegetation both in the optical and thermal range of the electromagnetic spectrum as affected by its attributes. Different methods have been discussed to reduce data dimension and minimize the information redundancy. Potential applications of hyperspectral remote sensing in agriculture, i.e. spectral discrimination of crops and their genotypes, quantitative estimation of different biophysical and biochemical parameters through empirical and physical modelling, assessing abiotic and biotic stresses as developed by different researchers in India and abroad are described.
Principles Of Design

Introduction The principles of design are essential to the development and production of clothing used by individuals and families around the world. Each principle has a specific role in creating an aesthetically pleasing garment or ensemble. The principles of design consist of: balance, proportion (also referred to as scale), emphasis, and rhythm. When a garment or ensemble uses the elements and principles of design to create a visual unity, harmony is achieved. Garments often integrate more than one principle, while drawing from the elements of design to create a cohesive look. The following discussion will present background information on each of the principles of design and applications to clothing design and construction.
Structural predictions of AgfA, the insoluble fimbrial subunit of Salmonella thin aggregative fimbriae.

The unusually stable and multifunctional, thin aggregative fimbriae common to all Salmonella spp. are principally polymers of the fimbrin subunit, AgfA. AgfA of Salmonella enteritidis consists of two domains: a protease-sensitive, 22 amino acid residue N-terminal region and a protease-resistant, 109 residue C-terminal core. The unusual amino acid sequence of the AgfA core region comprises two-, five- and tenfold internal sequence homology patterns reflected in five conserved, 18-residue tandem repeats. These repeats have the consensus sequence, Sx5QxGx2NxAx3Q and are linked together by four or five residues, (x)xAx2. The predicted secondary structure for this unusual arrangement of tandem repeats in AgfA indicates mainly extended conformation with the beta strands linked by four to six residues. Candidate proteins of known structure with motifs of alternating beta strands and short loops were selected from folds described in SCOP as a source of coordinates for AgfA model construction. Three all-beta class motifs selected from the Serratia marcescens metalloprotease, myelin P2 protein or vitelline membrane outer protein I were used for initial AgfA homology build-up procedures ultimately resulting in three structural models; beta barrel, beta prism and parallel beta helix. The beta barrel model is a compact, albeit irregular structure, with the beta strands arranged in two antiparallel beta sheet faces. The beta prism model does not reflect the 5 or 10-fold symmetry of the AgfA primary sequence. However, the favored, parallel beta helix model is a compact coil of ten helically arranged beta strands forming two parallel beta sheet faces. This arrangement predicts a regular, potentially stable, C-terminal core region consistent with the observed tandem repeat sequences, protease-resistance and strong tendency of this fimbrin to oligomerize and aggregate. Positional conservation of amino acid residues in AgfA and the Escherichia coli AgfA homologue, CsgA, provides strong support for this model. The parallel beta helix model of AgfA offers an interesting solution to a multifunctional fimbrin molecular surface having solvent exposed areas, regions for major and minor subunit interactions as well as fiber-fiber interactions common to many bacterial fimbriae.
Antarctic Timing of Surface Water Changes off Chile and Patagonian Ice Sheet Response

Marine sediments from the Chilean continental margin are used to infer millennial-scale changes in southeast Pacific surface ocean water properties and Patagonian ice sheet extent since the last glacial period. Our data show a clear “Antarctic” timing of sea surface temperature changes, which appear systematically linked to meridional displacements in sea ice, westerly winds, and the circumpolar current system. Proxy data for ice sheet changes show a similar pattern as oceanographic variations offshore, but reveal a variable glacier-response time of up to ∼1000 years, which may explain some of the current discrepancies among terrestrial records in southern South America.
Personalized thermal comfort modeling based on Support Vector Classification

Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems are designed to provide a comfortable indoor thermal environment for the occupants. Conventionally, Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) model is used to represent thermal comfort which is only an average model and it cannot reflect the individual differences in thermal sensation. This paper proposes a personalized thermal comfort model based on a machine learning classification algorithm called Support Vector Classification (SVC). We designed an Android application to collect feedback from occupants about their thermal sensation of the indoor environment. The feedback data-set is then used to train the personalized thermal comfort model. The model accuracy has been verified by comparison between the predicted thermal sensation based on the proposed model and actual thermal sensation feedback. Accuracy of the proposed thermal comfort model shows that the proposed model has a potential to save energy as well as capturing the individual differences in thermal comfort.
GP commissioning and the NHS reforms: what lies behind the hard sell?

General practitioners (GPs) are divided on the government's proposed changes to the NHS, in which Primary Care Trusts (PCTs) will be replaced by commissioning consortia that promise to allow them a greater role. Some, such as members of the National Association of Primary Care, have been enthusiastic advocates of the government's proposals, at least as set out in the initial Health and Social Care Bill prior to the ‘pause’. They see an opportunity to exert greater control over the services to which they refer their patients. Others are highly critical, seeing the changes as portending the break-up of the NHS; according to a recent poll, only a small minority (14%) have confidence in the Health Secretary in respect of the reform.1 Critics include Clare Gerada, chair of the Royal College of General Practitioners, who has drawn attention to the profound risks to GPs and patients.2 Here we reflect on some of the practical consequences for GPs if the proposed changes become law.
Broadband Multiport Dynamic Optical Power Distributor Based on Thermooptic Polymer Waveguide Vertical Couplers

We propose a broadband multiport dynamic optical power distributor, which consists of a series of asymmetric vertical optical waveguide directional couplers with thermooptically tunable splitting ratios. To demonstrate the idea experimentally, we fabricated a five-port optical power distributor with four polymer waveguide vertical couplers. The fabricated device is 9 mm long and allows a practically arbitrary optical power distribution to be achieved with a maximum electric power consumption less than 50 mW in any of the couplers and a response time of ~1 ms. The device operates effectively in the whole C-band without significant variations in performance.
Advances and Perspectives in the Field of Auscultation, with a Special Focus on the Contribution of New Intelligent Communicating Stethoscope Systems in Clinical Practice, in Teaching and Telemedicine

© 2012 Andres, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Advances and Perspectives in the Field of Auscultation, with a Special Focus on the Contribution of New Intelligent Communicating Stethoscope Systems in Clinical Practice, in Teaching and Telemedicine
Endothelial and epithelial expression of sialyl Lewisx and sialyl Lewisa in lesions of breast carcinoma

Tumor cells can invade and generate metastasis via either lymphatics or blood vessels. When tumor cells are circulating in the blood, they must adhere to the vessel wall, which is lined by endothelium, before they can extravasate and form new metastases. Several families of adhesion molecules have been identified to play a role in the extravasation cascade. Selectins and their sialyl Lewisx and/or sialyl Lewisa (sLex and sLea, respectively) containing ligands play an initiating role in this cascade; we have now analyzed their role in the generation of metastatic breast carcinoma lesions. We examined expression of endothelial E‐ and P‐selectin, expression of epithelial and endothelial sLex and sLea normal tissues compared with primary and metastatic breast in carcinoma lesions within individual patients. While normal breast epithelial cells do not express sLex or sLea, epithelial expression of these oligosaccharide epitopes was enhanced in primary breast carcinoma lesions. Furthermore, epithelial expression levels of sLex and/or sLea were even higher in most patients (9 of 12) who had metastatic compared with primary lesions. We show that endothelia in primary lesions express more sLex than in normal tissue and that metastatic lesions express even higher amounts of sLex compared with primary lesions. The expression of P‐ and E‐selectin was also greatly enhanced in tumor‐bearing tissue compared with normal tissue. Our data support the hypothesis that while they are circulating in the blood, sLex‐ and/or sLea‐expressing carcinoma cells have a higher probability for extravasation at sites where the endothelium expresses E‐ and P‐selectin and for generation of new metastases. Int. J. Cancer 74:296‐300, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fertility Treatment Response: Is It Better to Be More Optimistic or Less Pessimistic?

Objective To evaluate the prospective relation between dispositional traits of optimism and pessimism and in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment failure among women seeking medical intervention for infertility. Methods Among 198 women (aged 24–45 years, mean [standard deviation] = 35.1 [4.1] years; white, 77%), the outcome of each participant’s first IVF treatment cycle was examined. Treatment outcome was classified as being successful (versus failed) if the woman either delivered a baby or was pregnant because of the cycle by the end of the 18-month study period. At baseline, optimism and pessimism were measured as a single bipolar dimension and as separate unipolar dimensions according to the Life Orientation Test total score and the optimism and pessimism subscale scores, respectively. Results Optimism/pessimism, measured as a single bipolar dimension, predicted IVF treatment failure initially (B = −0.09, p = .02, odds ratio [OR] = 0.917, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.851–0.988), but this association attenuated after statistical control for trait negative affect (B = −0.06, p = .13, OR = 0.938, 95% CI = 0.863–1.020). When examined as separate unipolar dimensions, pessimism (B = 0.14, p = .04, OR = 1.146, 95% CI = 1.008–1.303), not optimism (B = −0.09, p = .12, OR = 0.912, 95% CI = 0.813–1.023), predicted IVF treatment failure independently of risk factors for poor IVF treatment response and trait negative affect. Conclusions Being pessimistic may be a risk factor for IVF treatment failure. Future research should attempt to delineate the biological and behavioral mechanisms by which pessimism may negatively affect treatment outcomes.
Complex intracranial aneurysms: combined operative and endovascular approaches.

OBJECTIVE Endovascular management of complex intracranial aneurysms is increasingly being considered as an alternative to standard surgical clipping. However, little attention has been paid to the complementary nature of surgery and endovascular therapy. METHODS Between September 1992 and May 1997, 12 patients with complex intracranial aneurysms were treated with combined operative and endovascular methods. Seven patients demonstrated subarachnoid hemorrhage (two of Grade II, two of Grade III, and three of Grade IV). Five patients demonstrated unruptured aneurysms, i.e., three giant aneurysms (one vertebrobasilar junction aneurysm, one middle cerebral artery bifurcation aneurysm, and one internal carotid artery-ophthalmic artery aneurysm), one large internal carotid artery-ophthalmic artery aneurysm, and one middle cerebral artery serpentine aneurysm. Management strategies involved either surgery followed by endovascular therapy (S-E; n = 5) or endovascular therapy followed by surgery (E-S; n = 7). S-E paradigms included aneurysm exploration followed by endovascular treatment (S-E1; n = 3), partial aneurysm clipping followed by endovascular aneurysm packing (S-E2; n = 1), and extracranial-to-intracranial bypass followed by endovascular parent vessel occlusion (S-E3; n = 1). E-S paradigms included superselective angiography followed by surgical clipping (E-S1; n = 2), Guglielmi detachable coil partial dome packing followed by delayed surgical clipping (E-S2; n = 2), proximal temporary vessel balloon occlusion followed by aneurysm clipping (E-S3; n = 2), and proximal permanent vessel occlusion followed by surgical aneurysm decompression for mass effect treatment (E-S4; n = 1). RESULTS Eleven aneurysms (92%) were completely eliminated. The remaining aneurysm was 90% obliterated and remained quiescent at the 34-month follow-up examination, despite presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage. No patient experienced repeat bleeding (follow-up period, 23+/-28 mo). There were no deaths. One patient achieved a fair outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale score of III); all other patients experienced excellent outcomes (Glasgow Outcome Scale score of I). In all cases, the aneurysm management paradigm chosen had a positive effect on definitive therapy. CONCLUSION Several factors can contribute to the complexity of intracranial aneurysms. Management strategies that combine operative and endovascular techniques in a complementary way, for the best possible outcomes for these patients, can be designed accordingly.
Coexistence of GABA and glutamate in mossy fiber terminals of the primate hippocampus: An ultrastructural study

One of the links in the trisynaptic circuit of the hippocampus is the synapse between the mossy fibre terminals of dentate granule cells and CA3 pyramidal cells of Ammon's horn. This synapse has been physiologically characterized as excitatory, and there is pharmacological and immunohistochemical evidence that mossy fibre terminals utilize glutamate as a neurotransmitter. This study demonstrates the presence of GABA‐immunoreactivity in mossy fibre axons and terminals of the monkey at the electron microscopic level. We combined Golgi impregnation to identify CA3 pyramidal neurones, with postembedding immunocytochemistry to characterize the inputs to the identified cells. GABA immunoreactivity was present in mossy fibre terminals that made synaptic contact with complex embedded spines of identified Golgi‐impregnated CA3 pyramidal neurones. GABA immunoreactivity could be demonstrated in serial sections of the same mossy fibre terminals by using 3 different, antisera raised against GABA. In serial sections, the mossy fibre terminals were shown to be immunoreactive for both glutamate and GABA. In contrast, glutamate immunoreactivity but not GABA immunoreactivity was found in other terminals that did not have the morphological characteristics of mossy fibre terminals. GABA immunoreactivity in mossy fibre terminals was also demonstrated in a human surgical specimen of hippocampus.
INVESTIGATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERSONALITY TRAITS , STRESS AND JOB BURNOUT AMONG NURSES

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between personality traits, stress and job burnout among nurses. The descriptive survey has been used as the research method in this study. The statistical population consists of all the nurses serving in hospitals-district 3 of Tehran in 2014. The sample (300 nurses) was selected using random cluster sampling. Data collection instruments include Maslach burnout inventory (MBI) (1986), NEO Personality Inventory short form NEO-FFI by Mac Carey and Costa (1992), Job Stress Questionnaire of the Britain's. Health and Safety Institute (HSE) (1990). Findings: there is a positive significant relationship between job stress and the personality traits including neuroticism (0.63), conscientiousness (0.89), yet there is a negative significant relationship between job stress and the personality traits including agreeableness (-0.79), openness to experience (-0.6), extraversion (-0.69). Further, there is a positive significant relationship between job burnout and the personality traits including neuroticism (0.48), conscientiousness (0.78), yet there is a negative significant relationship between job burnout and the personality traits including agreeableness (-0.65), openness to experience (-0.55), extraversion (-0.66). It should be noted that all the relationships obtained at 0.001 levels have been significant. Furthermore, findings indicated that all the big five personality traits are good predictor for stress and job burnout among nurses at 0.001 levels. Conclusion: in general, it can say that there is a mutual relationship between personality traits and “stress and job burnout” among nurses, which play a major role in coping with job stresses and job burnout.