Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electrical properties of low pressure chemical vapor deposited silicon nitride thin films for temperatures up to 650 °C

The results of a study on electrical conduction in low pressure chemical vapor deposited silicon nitride thin films for temperatures up to 650 °C are described. Current density versus electrical field characteristics are measured as a function of temperature for 100 and 200 nm thick stoichiometric (Si3N4) and low stress silicon-rich (SiRN) films. For high E-fields and temperatures up to 500 °C conduction through Si3N4 can be described well by Frenkel–Poole transport with a barrier height of ∼ 1.10 eV, whereas for SiRN films Frenkel–Poole conduction prevails up to 350 °C with a barrier height of ∼ 0.92 eV. For higher temperatures, dielectric breakdown of the Si3N4 and SiRN films occurred before the E-field was reached above which Frenkel–Poole conduction dominates. A design graph is given that describes the maximum E-field that can be applied over silicon nitride films at high temperatures before electrical breakdown occurs.
Is Berle and Means Really a Myth?

Adolf Berle and Gardiner Means famously declared in 1932 that a separation of ownership and control was a hallmark of large U.S. corporations, and their characterization of matters quickly became received wisdom. A series of recent papers has called the Berle–Means orthodoxy into question. This survey of the relevant historical literature acknowledges that the pattern of ownership and control in U.S. public companies is not monolithic. Nevertheless, a separation between ownership and control remains an appropriate reference point for analysis of U.S. corporate governance.
Synthesis and comparative solution properties of single‐, twin‐, and triple‐tailed associating ionic polymers based on diallylammonium salts

The cycloterpolymerizations of single-, twin-, and triple-tailed hydrophobes with hydrophilic monomer N,N-diallyl-N-carboethoxymethylammonium chloride and sulfur dioxide afforded a series of cationic polyelectrolytes (CPEs) in excellent yields. These CPEs, upon the acidic hydrolysis of the pendent ester groups, gave the corre- sponding pH-responsive cationic acid salts, which, upon a treatment with sodium hy- droxide, were converted to polybetaines (PBs), anionic polyelectrolytes (APEs), and PB/APE polymers containing various proportions of zwitterionic (PB) and anionic frac- tions (APE) in the polymer chain. At a shear rate of 0.36 s � 1 at 30 8C, salt-free water solutions of the CPEs (2 g/dL) containing 8, 4, and 2.67 mol % of the single-, twin-, and triple-tailed hydrophobes (all having 8 mol % octyloxy tails) had apparent viscos- ity values of 70, 2800, and 396,000 cps, respectively. The PB/APE polymer with a ratio of 33:67 for the zwitterionic and anionic fractions in the polymer chain gave the high- est viscosity value. The superior viscosity behavior of the polymers containing the triple-tailed hydrophobe was attributed to the blocky nature of the comonomer. V
HELIX-COIL TRANSITIONS OF IONIC POLYSACCHARIDES ANALYZED WITHIN THE POISSON-BOLTZMANN CELL MODEL. IV, EFFECTS OF SITE-SPECIFIC COUNTERION BINDING

The cation specificity of the salt-induced conformational transition of κ-carrageenan is analyzed in terms of site-specific binding of certain monovalent cations to the κ-carrageenan helix. According to the analysis, a quite weak specific interaction is sufficient to account for the drastic ion specificity observed experimentally. Both thermodynamic data on the conformational transition and counterion NMR data on the binding of ions to the κ-carrageenan helix are well reproduced by the model
Self-cleaning cotton by porphyrin-sensitized visible-light photocatalysis

Self-assembled monolayers of meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP) were formed on anatase coated-cotton fabric to confer visible-light sensitized self-cleaning properties. A complete degradation of methylene blue in 110 min and removal of coffee and red wine stains in 16 h indicate that TiO2/TCPP-coated cotton fabrics exhibit superior visible-light self-cleaning performance as compared to bare TiO2-coated cotton. The fabrics were characterized by UV-Vis, FESEM, XRD and fluorescence spectroscopy. Visible-light induced self-cleaning cotton offers a great potential for indoor self-cleaning applications.
Flexible quantum dot-sensitized solar cells employing CoS nanorod arrays/graphite paper as effective counter electrodes

We present a flexible solar cell which is composed of cobalt sulfide (CoS) nanorod arrays (NRAs) on graphite papers (GPs) (CoS NRAs/GP) as the counter electrode and CdS/CdSe quantum dot sensitized ZnO NRAs (CdS/CdSe@ZnO NRAs) as the photoanode. Orderly ZnO NRAs were directly fabricated on the flexible ITO/PET substrate by a hydrothermal method and CdS and CdSe quantum dots were subsequently deposited on them by chemical liquid deposition. CoS NRA/GP hybrid electrodes showed much higher electrocatalytic activity, higher exchange current density, and lower charge transfer resistance toward the reduction of Sx2− ions compared to Pt and GP electrodes and they exhibited superior performance when functioning as counter electrodes (CEs) in CdS/CdSe quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs), 400–500% better than that with Pt and GP as counter electrodes. An absolute energy conversion efficiency of 2.70% has been demonstrated for the QDSSC employing an optimized CoS NRA/GP hybrid electrode, which was relatively higher than those of the QDSSCs featuring Pt (0.52%) and GP (0.71%) CEs. This work not only provides a hybrid electrode with high catalytic activity for QDSSCs, but also demonstrates a cost-effective way to fabricate flexible electrodes that can be applied in dye-sensitized solar cells or super capacitors.
Spark channel formation

This paper describes some aspects of the development of the Townsend discharge into a spark channel. Three different stages of the discharge growth are distinguished. The first of these is obtained when the discharge current is of the order of mA-A and this is followed by the second stage, i.e. a transition to a filamentary glow phase which may appear, depending on the energy supplied, either before or after a cathode spot is formed. The final stage, termed here the second glow phase, leads to the formation of the filamentary spark channel.
Mckenzie Protocol- A Modalities To Treat With Mechanical Cervical Spine

Introduction: Neck pain or cervical pain is a common musculoskeletal disorderassociated with degenerative processes in muscle, connective tissue, and nerve tissue. The cliniciansassess theassociated impaired function in neck pain patients. There is a lack of clarity in the superiority of the specific application of various exercise protocols. McKenzie protocol is commonly prescribed by physiotherapists as being effective. Objective: To evaluate the effect of McKenzie protocol for patients suffering from chronic mechanical cervical spine pain. Methodology: The study design comprises aquantitative research approach with pre and post-test control group design. It was conducted in a selected rehabilitation center, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. The study sample included 60 mechanical neck pain individuals, 30 in each experiment& control group. Random assignment with a purposive selection of the samples was taken for the groups. The structured interview schedule for background data, structured pain assessment proforma, the visual analog scale, and the neck disability index were used as tools for gathering necessary data for neck pain from the samples. The McKenzie protocol compared with the control group was noted for pain intensity as well as NDI were assessedfor two weeks. The analysis and interpretation of obtained data were performed byfollowing descriptive and inferential statistics in terms of frequency, percentage, mean, median, and “t” value. The “t” test was applied to compare the pain in preand postinterventions. A p-value of alfa < 0.05 was taken as the level of significance.Results: It was found that; there was significantly lower in the mean post test scores than the mean pretest VAS, as well as NDI scoresof the experiment group. The Mean posttest VAS scores of the experiment group (5.733) and the control group (4.867) with a mean difference of 0.8667 were found to differ significantly as evident from the 't' = 2.561 at df, 28 at α=0.05 level. Apart from this the mean posttest (16.33) pain scores by NDI of the experiment group and control group (13.33) with a mean difference of 3.0, having 't' = 2.757 at df, 28 differed significantly at α= 0.05 level. Conclusion: McKenzie protocol was found to reduce mechanical spine pain and alleviated the condition, and thus would be very helpful in the management of neck or cervical spine pain.
Effectiveness of Figure of Eight walking on reduction of blood pressure among hypertensive clients

Hypertension is a crucial problem indeveloping countrieswhere there iswithout treatment; it leads to serious and life-threatening causes. Hypertension is an ”iceberg” disease. The current investigation intends to decide the adequacy of the igure of eight on the reduction of blood pressure among hypertensive clients. A Pre experimental one group pretest post-test design was used with (60) hypertensive client who falls into the inclusion criteria was selected by using purposive sampling technique which 30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group. The demographic data and the structured questionnaires were collected in both the groups followed by that the pretest was conducted on 1 two days and after that, the intensity level of blood pressure in both the groups was assessed by using a sphygmomanometer (systole/diastole) Only in the experimental group the post-test (Level of Blood pressure) was evaluated on the 5 day. The investigation shows that in the pretest of the experimental group, 15(50%) had stage I hypertension, 14(46.67%) had stage II hypertension and 1(3.33%) had prehypertension. Whereas in the post-test, 21(70%)had prehypertension, 8(26.67%) had stage I hypertension and only 1(3.33%) had stage II hypertension. Thus, the study proves that igure of eight walking can be used as an effective nursing intervention for reducing the blood pressure among the hypertensive clients and it is an easily applicable technique and also causes effective method with no side effects.
Calculations of stopping powers of 100 eV to 30 keV electrons in 10 elemental solids

We present calculated electron stopping powers (SPs) for 10 elemental solids (Al, Si, Cr, Ni, Cu, Ge, Pd, Ag, Pt, and Au). These calculations were made for electron energies between 100 eV and 30 keV, and were obtained using the same basic algorithm as that employed in our previous calculations of electron inelastic mean free paths. We present comparisons of these results with measured values, with results of other calculations, with the nonrelativistic Bethe SP equation, and with the empirical modification of the Bethe equation by Joy and Luo. We find generally satisfactory agreement of our calculated SPs with measured values for some solids (Ni, Cu, Pd, and Pt) and limited agreement for others (Al, Si, Cr, Ge, and Ag). Our SPs for Al, Cu, Ag, and Au are systematically greater than those calculated by Ashley by up to 33% for E < 10 keV; these differences are associated with an exchange correction made in Ashley's calculations, but not in ours. We find close agreement between our SPs for Al, Si, and Cu and those calculated by Fernandez‐Varea et al. who included an exchange correction; larger differences, however, were found for Au. As expected, our calculated SPs agree with values from the Bethe equation only for energies above 10 keV (for Z ≤ 32) and about 30 keV for Z ≥ 46. Satisfactory agreement is found between our SPs and values from the Joy and Luo equation for Al, Si, Cr, Ni (for energies above 1 keV), Cu, and Ge but there is less agreement for Pd and appreciable disagreement for Au. We present an analysis of our calculated SPs for Al that show why the Bethe equation is not expected to be valid unless the electron energy is larger than about 10 keV. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOIL MICROBES AND PLANT PATHOGENS OF BACCAUREA RAMIFLORA IN NOKREK BIOSPHERE RESERVE OF MEGHALYA

Burma grapes (Baccaurea ramiflora), locally known as ‘gasampe’, is a plant growing naturally in Nokrek Biosphere Reserve of Garo Hills, Meghalaya. The fruits are succulent, sweet and sour to taste, andrich in iron. Ripe fruits are consumed fresh and also used for making wine, pickles and jam. A brown red dye is obtained from the root, bark and wood. In traditional medicine, fresh bark is chewed or juice is consumed to treat indigestion and constipation. The objective of the study was to identify disease causing plant pathogens and soil microbes prevalent in the rhizosphere of Baccaurea ramiflora in the three zones of Nokrek Biosphere Reserve, and to assess the relationship between soil microbes and plant pathogens. Five diseases caused by fungal pathogens were observed. Change in zone, season and year did not have any significant influence on occurrence of pathogens in Baccaurea ramiflora plants. Occurrence of soil microbes in the rhizosphere was significantly influenced by change in zone, soil depth and season. Soil microbes were found to be more in top soil than subsoil. Soil microbe Aureobasidia pullulans was isolated only from the subsoil (15-30 cm soil depth) from core zone and transition zone. Among the identified soil microbes, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium digitatum and Rhizopus stolonifer were observed in all the three zones of the Biosphere Reserve. Soil microbes Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus versicolor, Aspergillus niger, Rhizoctonia solani and Trichoderma viride inhabiting the rhizosphere of Baccaurea ramiflora at 0-15 cm depth showed positive association with plant pathogens Perenospora parasitica, Colletotrichum gloeosporoides and Alternaria alternata while exerting an antagonistic effect on pathogens Alternaria sp. and Phyllostica sulata. Presence of soil microbes Cephalosporium roseum, Aureobasidia pullulans and Mucor racemosus at 15-30 cm soil depth exerted significant positive influence on occurrence of plant pathogens Alternaria sp. and Alternaria alternate on the plant, whereas an antagonistic effect was observed on pathogens like Phyllostica sulata, Colletotrichum gloeosporoide sand Perenospora parasitica.
Effects of alteplase combined with edaravone on clinical efficacy and inflammatory factors in patients with tuberculous meningitis and acute cerebral infarction

Objective: To study the effects of alteplase combined with edaravone on the clinical efficacy and inflammatory factors in patients with tuberculous meningitis complicated with acute cerebral infarction. Methods: Patients (n=78) with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and acute cerebral infarction (ACI) were selected for this prospective study. The patients were divided into two groups randomly. The observation group (n=39) was treated with intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase combined with edaravone. The control group (n=39) was treated with intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase only. After 14 days of treatment, the clinical efficacy, serum C-reactive protein (CRP), serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), the National Institutes of Health Cerebral Infarction Scale (NIHSS) score, the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) score, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score and the Modified Rankin scale score were observed. Results: The treatment efficacy between the two groups was compared. The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than the control group (84.62% vs 64.10%, P<0.05). The inflammatory factors (CRP, TNF-α and IL-6) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The MMSE and MoCA scores were higher in the observation group than the control group, while the NIHSS score in the observation group was lower than the control group (P<0.05). The modified Rankin scale score at 3 months was significantly lower in the observation group (P<0.01), and there were more patient scores decreased to 0-1 points at 3 months in the observation group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase combined with edaravone in the treatment of tuberculous meningitis with acute cerebral infarction showed an improved clinical efficacy. This combined therapy could reduce inflammatory reactions and nerve damage, and improve cognitive function.
Assessment of liver cancer biomarkers

Liver cancer is the third cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. It is primarily divides into two main types, namely hepatocellular carcinoma (HC) and cholangiocarcinoma (IC). Due to the increasing number of patients with liver cancer and the high mortality rate, early diagnosis of the disease can be helpful in treatment, but most patients are diagnosed atlate stages of HC. The aim of this study is to screen and provide an overview on candidate biomarkers related to primary liver cancer to introduce the critical ones. In this study, various biomarkers related to the diagnosis of primary liver cancer have been studied. Accordingly, biomarkers are divided into different groups as blood biomarkers classified as serum and plasma biomarkers, tissue biomarkers, microRNA biomarkers, proteomic biomarkers and altered genes. Previous researches have focused on liver cells and bile ducts, the surround cellular environment, how cells differentiate, and the types of genes expressed in liver cancer. Some even have focused on the origin of tumor cells and how they differentiate and develop. In all these studies, the expression of specific proteins and genes in liver cancer has been considered. Based on available sources, biomarkers can be considered as candidates to diagnose and prognosis of various types of primary liver cancer, from sources such as blood, tissue, mic-RNA, proteome and genes. However, more investigations are required to introduce a biomarker for precise detection of early liver cancer.
"In-Situ High Temperature TEM Observations of the Formation of Nanocrystalline TiC From Nanocrystalline Anatase (TiO2)"

In this work the high temperature behavior of nanocrystalline TiO 2 is studied using in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These nanoparticles are made using wet chemical techniques which generate the anatase phase of TiO 2 with average grain sizes of 6 nanometers. X-ray diffraction studies of nanophase TiO 2 indicate the material undergoes a solid-solid phase transformation to the stable rutile phase between 600-900 oC. This phase transition is not observed in the TEM samples which remain anatase up to temperatures as high as 1000 oC. Above 1000 oC nanoparticles become mobile on the amorphous carbon grid and by 1300 oC all anatase diffraction is lost and larger (50nm) single crystals of a new phase are present. This new phase is identified as TiC both from high resolution electron microscopy after heat treatment and electron diffraction collected during in-situ heating experiments. Video images of the particle motion in-situ show the nanoparticles diffusing and interacting with the underlying grid material as the reaction from TiO2 to TiC proceeds.
STUDY PROGRAMME: THIS THESIS HAS BEEN WRITTEN WITHIN THE FOLLOWING FIELD OF SPECIALISATION:

This study examines the effect temperature has on stock returns, and whether clean energy stocks respond differently to temperature than the general stock market. The paper focuses on three different indices; a clean energy index, a market index, and an oil/gas index, with the majority of stocks trading at the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). Psychological studies suggest that temperature affects people’s mood, in turn leading to behavioural changes. Further on, the feeling of apathy and aggressiveness has been linked to warm and cold temperatures, respectively. With aggressiveness related to increased risk-taking and apathy linked with a reduced appetite for risk, we expect to see a general negative correlation between temperature and stock market returns. With climate change poising a growing threat, it has become a major reason for concern, both globally and locally. Studies on temperature and perceived climate change have shown that temperature anomalies have a significant influence on global warming attitudes. In light of this, we expect sufficiently high and low temperatures to have a positive impact on clean energy returns. After examining and comparing three different US stock indices, we find convincing evidence to support our primary hypotheses. Apathy seemingly dominates aggressiveness when temperatures rise, resulting in generally lower returns. For colder temperatures aggressiveness seem to be the dominating factor, leading to overall greater returns. However, the impact on clean energy returns is positive for both warm and cold temperatures, relative to the market. In addition, clean energy -and oil/gas companies have a completely opposite response pattern to warm weather, with a very positive reaction on clean energy stocks and an equally negative reaction on oil/gas stocks. This suggests that abnormally warm temperatures increase people’s beliefs and awareness of climate change, resulting in excess returns for clean energy stocks. The observed results are statistically significant and robust to alternative tests, both before and after controlling for seasonal effects.
RADIOSTEREOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF INITIAL FEMORAL STEM MIGRATION IN CEMENTLESS TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY OF POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN

In cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA), femoral stems rely on the initial press‐fit fixation against the cortical bone to achieve osseointegration. In aging women, structural changes of the proximal femur may jeopardize the stem stability. Preoperative screening of bone quality and exploring the factors that cause stem migration may help in the selection process of patients for the use of cementless fixation techniques. Antiresorptive denosumab therapy might be efficient in preventing periprosthetic bone loss and reducing femoral stem migration in postmenopausal women. Sixty-five postmenopausal women with primary hip osteoarthritis (60 to 85 years old and Dorr A-type or B-type femur morphology) underwent cementless THA with implantation of a parallel-sided femoral component in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. The patients randomly received denosumab or a placebo 1 month before and 5 months after the surgery. The three-dimensional stem migration was measured using model-based radiostereometric analysis (RSA). Patient’s baseline characteristics, local and systemic bone mineral density (BMD) values measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), cortical-bone thickness measured by pulse-echo ultrasonometry, surgery-related factors, and postoperative walking activity were examined for the association with stem migration. The accuracy and clinical precision of model-based RSA were comparable to those of marker-based RSA. Denosumab significantly decreased periprosthetic bone loss but did not reduce stem migration which occurred predominately during the first 3 months. DXA and pulse-echo ultrasonometry of the distal radius helped to identify patients at high risk of stem subsidence of more than 2 mm. Walking activity and local BMD dictated the direction and magnitude of stem rotation around y-axis. Femoral stem stability is sensitive to adequate bone stock. In postmenopausal women, stem migration is predominantly due to impaired bone quality. Inhibition of periprosthetic bone resorption did not prevent stem migration. Preoperative evaluation of the skeletal status is recommended for all postmenopausal women with hip osteoarthritis before scheduling cementless THA.