Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Position-sensorless control method for permanent magnet synchronous motor using speed observer and induced voltage caused by magnetic saturation

This study presents a novel estimation method for the position-sensorless control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor at low speed range using an instantaneous speed observer and induced voltage caused by magnetic saturation (IVMS). The estimated position, which is based on an approximate linear equation of the IVMS, changes depending on the rotor position calculated by the least-square method in certain intervals and is used as the input of speed observer instead of real position information. The IVMS-based position detection methods can be applied to non-salient and closed-shelf motors at low speed range, where back electromotive force-based methods are difficult to apply. Additionally, the current waveform is well-controlled in the proposed method, and remains sinusoidal when the IVMS is not measured; thus, it improves energy efficiency and reduces torque ripple from conventional methods. The position estimation method and its experimental results are presented in this paper.
The influence of environmental temperature on the transient effects of methamphetamine on dopamine levels and dopamine release in rat striatum.

When male rats were injected four times (once every 2 hr) with 5 mg/kg methamphetamine (METH) at an environmental temperature of 23 degrees C, transient changes occurred in the levels of striatal dopamine (DA) and the regulation of striatal DA release. Striatal DA levels were minimally affected 1 day after METH treatment, but 3 days after METH treatment, striatal DA levels decreased to approximately 40% of control. DA levels returned to 70% of control 2 weeks after METH. Similarly, striatal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity decreased to approximately 50% of control activity 3 days after METH treatment at 23 degrees C, but did not differ from controls at 1 or 14 days after METH treatment. No changes in striatal DA levels were observed in rats treated with four doses of 5 mg/kg METH at an environmental temperature of 4 degrees C. Striatal DA levels decreased modestly to approximately 70% of controls 3 days after treatment with four doses of 10 mg/kg METH at 4 degrees C, but DA levels returned to control levels 14 days after METH treatment. Furthermore, striatal TH activity was not affected by 10 mg/kg METH at 4 degrees C. Thus, a cold environmental temperature (4 degrees C) reduced the effects of METH on striatal DA levels and striatal TH activity. Changes in the presynaptic regulation of DA release after either 5 mg/kg (23 degrees C) or 10 mg/kg (4 degrees C) METH treatment were determined in vitro using striatal slices. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A dynamic programming framework for the Wireless Sensor Network Configuration Problem

This work studies the problem of network configuration for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), consisting of two interdependent problems: sensor placement and topology control, by taking into consideration both the traffic load and the transmission range assignment. The design objectives are i) reducing the overall energy consumption and ii) ensuring node energy consumption fairness between the sensors. First, the problem of placing the sensors in the optimal positions is studied and then a power control scheme is put in place to manage the topology of the network. For both the two sub-problems, we first consider the one dimensional (or linear) network case and next the two-dimensional case. The two subproblems are considered within a unifying mathematical framework based on dynamic programming, in order to guarantee the optimality of the solution. The method can easily be adapted to solve the problem for discrete values of transmission range. The method presented in this work shows a low computational complexity in comparison to other methods, and, due to its implementation simplicity, it may be of great help to network designers in the planning phase of WSN deployment.
Population structure in the endangered Mauna Loa silversword, Argyroxiphium kauense (Asteraceae), and its bearing on reintroduction

Reintroduction of populations of endangered species is a challenging task, involving a number of environmental, demographic and genetic factors. Genetic parameters of interest include historical patterns of genetic structure and gene flow. Care must be taken during reintroduction to balance the contrasting risks of inbreeding and outbreeding depression. The Mauna Loa silversword, Argyroxiphium kauense, has experienced a severe decline in population size and distribution in the recent past. Currently, three populations with a total of fewer than 1000 individuals remain. We measured genetic variation within and among the remnant populations using seven microsatellite loci. We found significant genetic variation remaining within all populations, probably related to the recent nature of the population impact, the longevity of the plants, and their apparent self‐incompatibility. We also found significant genetic differentiation among the populations, reinforcing previous observations of ecological and morphological differentiation. With respect to reintroduction, the results suggest that, in the absence of additional data to the contrary, inbreeding depression may not be a substantial risk as long as propagules for the founding of new populations are adequately sampled from within each source population before additional inbreeding takes place. The results further suggest that if mixing of propagules from different source populations is not required to increase within‐population genetic variation in the reintroduced populations, it may best be avoided.
SH3BP2 Cherubism Mutation Potentiates TNF‐α–Induced Osteoclastogenesis via NFATc1 and TNF‐α–Mediated Inflammatory Bone Loss

Cherubism (OMIM# 118400) is a genetic disorder with excessive jawbone resorption caused by mutations in SH3 domain binding protein 2 (SH3BP2), a signaling adaptor protein. Studies on the mouse model for cherubism carrying a P416R knock‐in (KI) mutation have revealed that mutant SH3BP2 enhances tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α production and receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL)‐induced osteoclast differentiation in myeloid cells. TNF‐α is expressed in human cherubism lesions, which contain a large number of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)‐positive multinucleated cells, and TNF‐α plays a critical role in inflammatory bone destruction in homozygous cherubism mice (Sh3bp2KI/KI). The data suggest a pathophysiological relationship between mutant SH3BP2 and TNF‐α–mediated bone loss by osteoclasts. Therefore, we investigated whether P416R mutant SH3BP2 is involved in TNF‐α–mediated osteoclast formation and bone loss. Here, we show that bone marrow–derived M‐CSF–dependent macrophages (BMMs) from the heterozygous cherubism mutant (Sh3bp2KI/+) mice are highly responsive to TNF‐α and can differentiate into osteoclasts independently of RANKL in vitro by a mechanism that involves spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2) phosphorylation, leading to increased nuclear translocation of NFATc1. The heterozygous cherubism mutation exacerbates bone loss with increased osteoclast formation in a mouse calvarial TNF‐α injection model as well as in a human TNF‐α transgenic mouse model (hTNFtg). SH3BP2 knockdown in RAW264.7 cells results in decreased TRAP‐positive multinucleated cell formation. These findings suggest that the SH3BP2 cherubism mutation can cause jawbone destruction by promoting osteoclast formation in response to TNF‐α expressed in cherubism lesions and that SH3BP2 is a key regulator for TNF‐α–induced osteoclastogenesis. Inhibition of SH3BP2 expression in osteoclast progenitors could be a potential strategy for the treatment of bone loss in cherubism as well as in other inflammatory bone disorders. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The Role of Wheat Cultivars Blend on Grain Yield and Backing Quality

Wheat cultivar Divana was released in 1995 as the result of wheat breeding program on premium bread-making quality. According to quality data, Divana is the best quality wheat grown in this region. However, due to its low lodging resistance linked to low grain yield, this valuable cultivar has not improved the quality of the milling and baking industry in the region. With the mixture of two cultivars: 1) cv. Koleda high yielding, above average quality, resistant to lodging and 2) cv. Divana excellent quality, prone to lodging – this problem could be solved, and wheat producers, millers and bakers could be satisfied. Preliminary results have shown that when growing the blend of these two wheat cultivars, both grain yield and bread-making quality could be maintained at a high level and price of premium quality class (improver) could be achieved on the market. On the basis of achieved results, the proportion 1:1 of cvs. Divana and Koleda is recommended.
Deprenyl Protects Dopamine Neurons from the Neurotoxic Effect of 1‐Methyl‐4‐Phenylpyridinium Ion

Abstract: 1‐Methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) is the product of the metabolic oxidation of 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) by mono‐amine oxidase (MAO). MPP+ is toxic to 3,4‐dihydroxy‐phenylethylamine (dopamine, DA) neurons in explant cultures of rat embryonic midbrain. Addition of 2.5 μM MPP+ to the feeding medium for 6 days results in significant reduction of the DA levels in the cultures (to 19% of control) as well as in the uptake of [3H]DA (to 32% of control). When the cultures are treated with the MAO inhibitor deprenyl (10 μM) 24 h prior to and during exposure to MPP+, the DA neurons are protected from the toxicity of the drug. In the combined deprenyl plus MPP+ treatment, the levels of DA in the cultures remain at the control range and the [3H]DA uptake is reduced to only 73% of control. These results indicate that MAO is involved in the toxicity of MPP+ on DA neurons.
Urinary Tract Infection and Bacteriurua in Stroke Patients: Frequencies, Pathogen Microorganisms, and Risk Factors

Ersoz M, Ulusoy H, Oktar MA, Akyuz M: Urinary tract infection and bacteriurua in stroke patients: frequencies, pathogen microorganisms, and risk factors. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2007;86:734–741. Objective:To investigate the frequencies, pathogen microorganisms involved, and possible risk factors of urinary tract infections, asymptomatic bacteriuria, and significant bacteriuria in subacute and chronic stroke patients. Design:The frequencies were determined and compared for subgroups with respect to age, gender, level of education, type of lesion, side of lesion, bladder-emptying method, postvoid residual urine, ambulation-level class, and Brunnstrom recovery stage class of upper and lower extremities in 110 consecutive stroke patients. Results:Frequencies were 27.3, 11.8, and 39.1% for urinary tract infections, asymptomatic bacteriuria, and significant bacteriuria, respectively. Bladder-emptying method (P < 0.05), presence of postvoid residual urine >50 ml (P < 0.04), and Brunnstrom recovery stage class of upper extremity (P < 0.02) were significant factors for the frequency of urinary tract infections. Bladder-emptying method, ambulation-level class, Brunnstrom recovery stage class of upper and lower extremities (P < 0.01), presence of postvoid residual urine >50 ml (P < 0.02), gender, and level of education (P < 0.05) were significant factors for the frequency of significant bacteriuria. Conclusions:Early treatment of urinary dysfunction for elimination of indwelling catheter use and high postvoid residue, early physical rehabilitation for better ambulation and hand function, patient education about prevention, and close monitoring of patients with unmodifiable risk factors may decrease the frequency of urinary tract infections and significant bacteriuria in stroke patients.
Association BetweenMRI Exposure During Pregnancy and Fetal and ChildhoodOutcomes

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES For first-trimester MRI exposure, the risk of stillbirth or neonatal death within 28 days of birth and any congenital anomaly, neoplasm, and hearing or vision loss was evaluated from birth to age 4 years. For gadolinium-enhanced MRI in pregnancy, connective tissue or skin disease resembling nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF-like) and a broader set of rheumatological, inflammatory, or infiltrative skin conditions from birth were identified.
Local renal aldosterone production induces inflammation and matrix formation in kidneys of diabetic rats

Recently, we reported the presence of a local renal aldosterone production. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that local aldosterone production in the kidney contributes to renal inflammation, matrix formation and albuminuria associated with diabetes. We evaluated changes in renal aldosterone content (RAC), aldosterone synthase expression, nuclear factor κB (NFκB), tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), glomerular fibronectin, collagen type IV and urinary albumin extraction (UAE) in response to the aldosterone synthase inhibitor FAD286. Studies were conducted in adrenalectomized, normoglycaemic (control) or diabetic rats for 14 weeks. The FAD286 was administered during the last 10 weeks of the study. Plasma aldosterone levels were not detectable in any of the study groups. Compared with control rats, diabetic rats had higher levels of RAC by 488% (P < 0.01), NFκB by 293% (P < 0.01), TNFα by 356% (P < 0.01), IL‐6 by 378% (P < 0.01), TGFβ by 337% (P < 0.01) and UAE by 1122% (P < 0.01), and increased glomerular fibronectin and collagen type IV immunostaining. In diabetic rats, FAD286 reduced RAC (P < 0.01), UAE (P < 0.05), NFκB mRNA, TNFα mRNA, IL‐6 mRNA and TGFβ mRNA by 51, 41, 41 and 52% and also their proteins and decreased glomerular fibronectin and collagen type IV immunostaining. In conclusion, diabetes increases local aldosterone production in the kidney, which contributes to development of renal inflammation, matrix formation and albuminuria. Inhibition of aldosterone production in the kidney could be helpful in management of diabetic nephropathy.
Spermidine-induced improvement of reconsolidation of memory involves calcium-dependent protein kinase in rats

In this study, we determined whether the calcium-dependent protein kinase (PKC) signaling pathway is involved in the improvement of fear memory reconsolidation induced by the intrahippocampal administration of spermidine in rats. Male Wistar rats were trained in a fear conditioning apparatus using a 0.4-mA footshock as an unconditioned stimulus. Twenty-four hours after training, animals were re-exposed to the apparatus in the absence of shock (reactivation session). Immediately after the reactivation session, spermidine (2–200 pmol/site), the PKC inhibitor 3-[1-(dimethylaminopropyl)indol-3-yl]-4-(indol-3-yl) maleimide hydrochloride (GF 109203X, 0.3–30 pg/site), the antagonist of the polyamine-binding site at the NMDA receptor, arcaine (0.2–200 pmol/site), or the PKC activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA, 0.02–2 nmol/site) was injected. While the post-reactivation administration of spermidine (20 and 200 pmol/site) and PMA (2 nmol/site) improved memory reconsolidation, GF 109203X (1, 10, and 30 pg/site) and arcaine (200 pmol/site) impaired it. GF 109203X (0.3 pg/site) impaired memory reconsolidation in the presence of spermidine (200 pmol/site). PMA (0.2 nmol/site) prevented the arcaine (200 pmol/site)-induced impairment of memory reconsolidation. Anisomycin (2 µg/site) also impaired memory reconsolidation in the presence of spermidine (200 pmol/site). Drugs had no effect when they were administered in the absence of reactivation. These results suggest that the spermidine-induced enhancement of memory reconsolidation involves PKC activation.
A new four-terminal hybrid silicon/organic field-effect sensor device

We present the first demonstration of a novel field-effect device which has two channels: one formed in an organic semiconductor and the second in silicon. The channels are coupled such that one gates the other, with the organic channel exposed to air such that it is able to interact with chemicals in the ambient. This device represents a major improvement over both the traditional CHEMFET (which is a silicon MOSFET with the gate uncovered to be chemically sensitive) (Janata, 1989), and an organic transistor chemical sensor (Crone et al., 2001). While the device we developed can also function as a traditional CHEMFET, one of the more powerful sensing modes occurs when the two channels are coupled and changes in the organic channel carrier density in response to analyte delivery are reflected as changes in the current through the silicon channel. Another unique sensing mode, which appears to be the most sensitive, is designated as the chemical memory mode. In this mode analyte molecules result in trapped charges in the organic semiconductor which change the threshold voltage of the silicon FET. We have observed a response in the chemical memory mode that is between 10 and 100 times more intense than the response in the traditional CHEMFET mode
Carbon catabolite repression of xylanase I (xyn1) gene expression in Trichoderma reesei

The filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei forms two specific, xylan‐inducible xylanases encoded by xyn1 and xyn2 to degrade the β‐1,4‐d‐xylan backbone of hemicelluloses. This enzyme system is formed in the presence of xylan, but not glucose. The molecular basis of the absence of xylanase I formation on glucose was the purpose of this study. Northern blotting of the xyn1 transcript as well as the use of the Escherichia coli hygromycin B phosphotransferase‐encoding gene (hph) as a reporter consistently showed that the basal expression of xyn1 was affected by glucose, whereas its induction by xylan remained uninfluenced. The repression of basal xyn1 transcription is mediated by the carbon catabolite repressor protein Cre1, which in vivo binds to two of four consensus sites (5‐SYG‐GRG‐3) in the xyn1 promoter, which occurred in the form of an inverted repeat. T. reesei strains, bearing a xynlv. hph reporter construct, in which four nucleotides from the middle of the inverted repeat had been removed, expressed hph on glucose at a level comparable to that observed during growth on a carbon catabolite derepressing carbon source. Northern analysis of xynl expression in a T. reesei mutant strain (RUT C‐30), which contains a truncated, non‐functional crel gene, also confirmed basal transcription of xyn1. In this strain, xyn1 transcription was still inducible by xylose or xylan to an even higher degree than in the wild‐type strain, suggesting that induction overcomes glucose repression at the level of xynl expression. Based on these data, we postulate that basal transcription of xyn1 is repressed by glucose and mediated by an inverted repeat of the consensus motif for Cre1‐mediated carbon catabolite repression.
Connexin26 is Regulated in Rat Urothelium by the Scaffold Protein IB1/JIP-1

Proper function of the wall of bladder requires gap junctional communication for coordinating the responses of smooth muscle (SMC) and urothelial cells exposed to urine pressure. In the rat bladder, Cx43 is expressed by SMC and urothelial cells, whereas Cx26 expression is restricted to the epithelium. We used a model of bladder outlet obstruction, in which a ligature is placed around the urethra to increase voiding pressure. Increased fluid pressure was associated with increased Cx43 and Cx26 mRNA expression and with the activation of a signaling cascade including the transcription factor c-Jun, which is a component of the AP-1 complex. The signaling pathway of the c-Jun NH2 terminal kinase (JNK) requires the presence of the scaffold protein Islet-Brain 1/c-Jun amino-terminal kinase Interacting Protein-1 (IB1/JIP-1). Under stress conditions resulting from urine retention, we have found a reduced content of IB 1/JIP-1 in urothelial cells, which in turn induced a drastic increase of JNK and AP-1 binding activities. The stress-induced activation of JNK was prevented by overexpressing IB 1/JIP-1, using a viral gene transfer approach, a condition which also resulted in a decrease in Cx26 mRNA. The data show that: 1) mechanical stress of urothelial cells activates in vivo JNK, as a consequence of a regulated expression of IB1/JIP-1 and 2) that urothelial Cx26 may be directly regulated by the AP-1 complex.
Utilization of Partial Common Information in Distributed Compressive Sensing

In a densely distributed sensor network, it is known that it is advantageous to exploit both intra- and inter- signal correlation structures during recovery procedure. Based on this observation, the bound of the required number of measurement in distributed compressive sensing (DCS) is shown to be reduced by exploiting this structure[2]. In this paper, we generalize the model for distributed compressive sensing and show that elaborated signal structure can reduce the required number of measurements further. To this end, we introduce a new concept of partial common information which is shared by some parts of signals, but not by every signal. Numerical results show that with the proposed model, more robust signal recovery can be achieved.
The New Face of Internet User Typology: The Case of Thailand

As the number of Internet users grows rapidly, the way users access the Internet and their behavior change. This study focuses on Internet user typology, which is an area that has not been recently examined. The research explores whether the Internet user typology specified in previous literature is still applicable in the present and, if not, what has changed. The results reveal that the previous way of categorizing users into several types based on their activities alone is no longer applicable. Consequently, the researcher proposed a new methodology to group users based on applications and the frequency of accessing them, coupled with the use of demographic data. The survey-based cluster analysis shows four Internet user types in Thailand. Only one group is similar to previous literature, which is the non-users. In addition, there are three new groups of users that have characteristics that are completely different from the typologies in the previous literature. The most interesting and unexpected finding is the new type of user that the researcher calls the self-satisficing group, the name of which could be related to the concept of satisficing theory in economics.
Evidence of shared genes in refraction and axial length: the Genes in Myopia (GEM) twin study.

PURPOSE Axial length has been shown to explain up to 50% of the total variance in refraction, with axial length and refraction having a major genetic component. However, no study has attempted to determine whether the correlation between axial length and refraction is explained by shared genetic or environmental factors. METHODS All twins from Victoria aged 18 years or older were invited to participate in the Genes in Myopia (GEM) twin study through the Australian Twin Registry (ATR). Each twin completed a general questionnaire and underwent dilated objective refraction assessment and measurement of axial length. RESULTS A total of 612 twin pairs (1224 twins) aged from 18 to 86 years were examined in the GEM twin study. Axial length correlated negatively with refraction (r = -0.64 in the men, r = -0.68 in the women; P < 0.01). The sex limitation ADE (A, additive genetic; D, dominant genetic; E, unique environmental factors) model provided the best-fit genetic model for both measures. Of the variation in spherical equivalence in both the men and the women, approximately 50% were due to genetic factors influencing axial length. CONCLUSIONS From these findings, it is likely that axial length and refraction share common genes in their etiology. The GEM twin study has provided a basis and direction for future research into identifying the gene(s) in axial length that will ultimately improve our understanding of the etiology of refractive error, particularly myopia.