Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Statehouse Endorsements on Opinions toward Referendums

While Congress sets the standard for legislative disapproval, statehouses are not far behind. What are the consequences of low approval ratings for state legislative institutions that seek voter consent on statewide referendums? In light of existing scholarly support for the role of elite cues in shaping voter attitudes, we expect that individuals will view a state legislature’s endorsement of a referendum negatively. Using three survey experiments that cover five Arkansas referendums from 2000-2010, we test the hypothesis that providing individuals with an endorsement from the state legislature will lead to lower support for a referendum when compared to individuals who did not receive the endorsement. Contrary to our expectations, we find that providing a legislative endorsement has no statistically significant effect on referendum approval; in fact, the influence of endorsement is modestly positive in most cases. Our results suggest that the effect of elite endorsements on opinion formation is more complicated than that suggested by existing literature. Our findings also challenge the notion that individuals love their representative but dislike the legislature. Paper prepared for the 2012 State Politics and Policy Conference, Rice University and University of Houston, February 16-18, 2012.
The ‘Psychology’ of Polygraph’: Engendering Differential Salience - Concerns and Caveats

Article history Received: 27 November 2019 Accepted: 18 December 2019 Published Online: 30 April 2020 The “success” of a polygraph examination is predicated on the establishment of differential or emotional salience (a “psychological set”) with an examinee. This, according to polygraph proponents, guarantees that an examinee will respond appropriately during the administration of the in-test (questioning) phase of the polygraph examination. However, polygraph procedure, as prescribed by its governing body, the American Polygraph Association (APA), is a static clinical Westernised process that does not make any provision for human multiplicity (culture/ethnicity, idiosyncrasies, level of education, language proficiency, ideologies, and so forth). Identical (one size fits all) test procedures are applied across the board – a highly controversial methodology. This article, instead of rigidly focusing on validity and reliability issues per se, explores the degree to which certain intentional and unintentional human behaviour modification strategies have the potential to counterbalance claimed polygraph rectitude from a metaphysical and discursive standpoint. The article exposes concerns (potential flaws) relating to polygraph theory in the context of the “psychological set” and is intended to serve as a caveat regarding the unmitigated use thereof.
RECONSTRUCTING CHARACTER EVOLUTION ON POLYTOMOUS CLADOGRAMS

Abstract— Algorithms to reconstruct character evolution on polytomous cladograms or phylogenetic trees have to date interpreted each polytomy literally, as if it were an event of multiple speciation, with multiple daughter species descending independently from a mother species, thus requiring any similarities shared by only some of these daughters to be accounted for by convergence. These algorithms are not appropriate when the polytomy is interpreted in the usual way, namely as representing uncertainty in the cladogram's resolution. New algorithms for both ordered and unordered characters are presented to reconstruct character evolution under the uncertain‐resolution interpretation of polytomies. These algorithms allow the cladogram to resolve itself so as to be favourable for the character whose evolution is being reconstructed. Because different characters may have different favourable resolutions, it is not possible in general to use these algorithms to determine the total parsimony of a polytomous cladogram (the number of evolutionary steps required over all characters by the cladogram), for which the only adequate approach is to find a most parsimonious dichotomous resolution of the cladogram.
A declarative based tool for reasoning about CISCO IOS ﬁrewall conﬁgurations

—One of the mandatory tasks assigned to computer network administrators is to keep unwanted or malicious trafﬁc outside the network. Because of this, ﬁrewalls became a vital component in any computer network connected to the Internet. However, conﬁguring and maintaining a ﬁrewall is a complicated and error-prone process mostly due to the design model used in conventional ﬁrewalls, where the ordering between ﬁrewall rules matters. To simplify these tasks, we propose a low-level abstraction of a router, that is a simpliﬁcation of a CISCO IOS device, that contains the concepts of access-lists, rules and policies existent in these devices. This is accompanied by a semantic allowing both packet ﬁltering and address translation. We then capitalize on the MIGNIS ﬁrewall speciﬁcation language proposed by Ado et al [1] that is simple and powerful enough to specify ﬁrewall conﬁgurations and its semantic is immune to the relative ordering of rules, and prove a sound translation from this model to our low-level abstraction thus entailing both simple speciﬁcation and easy veriﬁcation of ﬁrewall policies. We also provide conditions over the policies for this translation to be complete. Finally, we developed a tool that translates MIGNIS conﬁgurations into real CISCO IOS conﬁgurations.
Vertical distribution behaviour and its spatial variation in late-stage larvae of coral-reef fishes during the day

Daytime vertical distribution behaviour of settlement-stage reef-fish larvae in the upper 18 m was documented by diver observations of 497 pelagic larvae of 7 species 100–1000 m offshore of Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef. Four species were studied on 2 sides of the island. Depth amplitude and depth frequency differed among species, locations and times. Four pomacentrids had modal depths in the upper 30–50% of the water column. A lutjanid and 2 chaetodontids had modal depths 0–2 m deeper than the deepest-swimming pomacentrid. On the leeward side, 6 of 7 species swam deeper and/or more variably offshore. On the windward side, 1 of 4 species swam deeper or more variably offshore. No larvae swam deeper than 18 m on the leeward side, but 31% of larvae of 3 species did so on the windward side. Three of 4 species swam deeper and/or more variably on the windward than leeward side. Vertical distributions in relatively shallow water are apparently strongly influenced by water-column depth and bottom type.
SYNTHESIS AND RELEASE OF [14C]ACETYLCH0LINE IN SYNAPTOSOMES

Abstract— Synaptosomes took up [14C]choline, about half or more of which was converted to [I4C]acetylcholine when incubated in an appropriate medium containing 1 to 5 μM‐[14C] choline and neostigmine. The amount of [14C]acetylcholine synthesized in synaptosomes increased in parallel with the increase of Na+ concentration in the incubation medium. The effect of Na+ on the uptake of [I4C]choline into synaptosomes was dependent on the concentration of choline in the incubation medium.
Costs, revenues and performance in Spanish banking: a comparative analysis of pre- and early crisis years

ABSTRACT The literature analysing the efficiency of financial institutions has evolved rapidly over the last 20 years. Most research has focused on the input side, analysing either cost, input technical efficiency or input allocative efficiency, whereas comparatively fewer studies have examined the revenue side. However, both sides are relevant when evaluating banks’ performance. This article explicitly explores how serious it may be to confine the analysis to one side of banks’ activities only, comparing the efficiencies yielded by either minimising costs or maximising revenues. We focus on the Spanish banking sector, which is currently undergoing a profound process of change and restructuring. The application shows how severely biased the analysis is when only a partial efficiency measurement is conducted. It also shows the growing relevance of the issue since the beginning of the financial crisis.
EXTRACTION OF OPINION BY USING WEB DOCUMENTS

Extraction of human opinions from Web documents has been receiving increasing interest. An important part of the information-gathering behaviour has always been to find out what other people think. With the Increasing popularity and availability of opinionrich resources such as personal blogs and online review sites, new challenges and opportunities arise as people can, and do, actively use information technologies method or technique to find out and understand the opinions of others. Opinion Mining/Sentiment Analysis deals with the computational treatment of Opinion and subjectivity in the text has thus occurred at least in a part for giving a direct response to the surge of interest in new systems which is deal directly with opinions as a first-class Object. In this paper, we demonstrate an opinion mining framework that extracts the Opinions and views of the consumers/customers and analyze them to provide concrete market flow along with proven statistical data. The software uses classification, clustering and uses knowledge-based Opinion Mining for providing these features. KeywordWeb Mining, Opinion Mining, Information Retrieval, Sentiment Analysis. knowledgebase Opinion Mining for Providing Mining, Information Retrieval, Mewar Research Co-Supervisor,Mewar University Chittorgarh Suresh.jain@rediffmail.com
Zen and the Art of Network Timestamping

Timestamps play a key role in modern communication networks, enabling a variety of important tasks to be executed. The objective of this white paper is to serve as a comprehensive resource on the subject of timestamping. It will describe the diverse array of applications that utilize timestamps, outline some of the major challenges when it comes to implementing accurate timestamping in network devices and then how a new approach introduced by Marvell will enable more effective network timestamping functions to be realized.
Workplace Conflict and the influence of Poor Leadership: A Case study of Human Resource of NTPC, Patna

Shahbaz Khan Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India. Abstract Workplace Conflict is one of the prominent issues in the organisation today; it is the task of the leader to minimise the differences and create a synergy amongst the team members and employees of the organisation. Integration of the employees is vital for the growth and success of the organisation. There are various causes of conflicts in the workplace, and one of such causes is 'Poor Leadership'. The objective of this paper is to find out whether Leadership is a cause of the conflict and to identify the issues related to Poor Leadership which create an influence on workplace conflict. The study is an empirical study, in which literature review has been prepared, and the primary data has been collected with the help of Likert Based Questionnaire, the sample size was 100, i.e. the human resource of NTPC, Patna. The regression analysis is used as the statistical tool to analyse the hypothesis. The results of the study suggest that ineffective Communication problems from leaders, Weak Interpersonal Relationships, Inconsistent in decision making, Lack of Trust, Poor command and direction, Lack of Presence, Rude Behaviour, Absence, and Lack of Control are the issues which influence workplace conflict among the human resource.
Presbycusis: a virtual reality deafness simulator

Hearing loss is a frequent problem in society. There are a number of causes that condition hearing loss in different age groups and have a negative impact on people’s daily lives. This thesis aims to raise awareness for hearing loss in the third age through a virtual reality simulator. For this, a basic understanding of hearing and the associated perceptual processes are given. Hearing loss associated with age, presbycusis, is described in several dimensions (physiological, social and its prevalence). Later, two auditory models, MAP and CASP and two software development kits (SDKs) - Resonance Audio and Oculus Audio - were analyzed, as well as two auditory simulators - Starkey and NIOSH - in which the simulator was inspired. Through the use of two softwares, Blender together with Unity, a virtual reality deafness simulator was developed aiming speciﬁcally to the hearing impairment in the elderly where the user is stading in a restaurant with noisy conditions with freedom of movement. Qualitative tests of the simulator were carried out through a questionnaire with questions that could be answered on the Likert scale. The results show a strong incentive regarding the use of virtual reality to approach the hearing loss for a speciﬁc age group as well as the understanding of the difﬁculties exhibited in noisy environments.
Amphibian Metamorphosis: Growth Rate, Predation Risk, and the Optimal Size at Transformation

Many taxa have evolved complex life cycles featuring a dramatic shift in habitat or resource use at metamorphosis. Despite their prevalence and unique characteristics, we understand little about the adaptive properties and evolution of these life histories. I offer a conceptual framework that considers how size-specific growth and mortality rates in both habitats interact with size at metamorphosis to affect lifetime fitness. This model predicts the size at metamorphosis that maximizes fitness, and I use this framework to interpret the wide variation in the life history structure of the amphibians. In particular, I speculate on the adaptive significance of the tadpole stage of the anurans and on the cause of variation in the size at metamorphosis both between and within anuran families. Further, I predict the conditions under which direct development or paedomorphosis will be selected for, and I offer hypotheses on the selective factors that may contribute to the three-stage life history of the newts. Finally, I comment on the evolution and maintenance of complex life histories.
A screening for the most representative classes of compounds from two varieties of soy

Glycine max (L.) Merr. Sin Glycine hispida (Moench) Maxim, known as soy is a plant from the Fabaceae family known for its nutraceutical properties. The product used in the pharmaceutical and food area is the soybean, Glycine semen, with a composition formed of proteins 35-40%, lipids 15-20%, sugars 15-35%, isoflavones 0,12-0,3 %. The consumption of soy products has many health benefits, including protection against breast cancer, prostate cancer, menopausal symptoms, heart disease and osteoporosis. Many of the health benefits of soy are derived from its isoflavones. The chemical structure of isoflavones is very similar to that of our own estrogen. Therapeutic daily dose of genistein is 1.5 to 4.1 mg / person and genistin from 6.3 to 8.3 mg / person. For this study grains from two varieties (B and H) of Glycine max (L.) Merr. were considered for quantitative analysis of total lipids (Soxhlet), proteins (Kjeldahl), polyphenols (Folin Ciocâlteu) and isoflavones, daidzin, genistin, daidzein and genistein (HPLC). Conducted tests show that different varieties of soybean have a different quantitative chemical composition in isoflavones. The concentration of total lipids and proteins fit in the values indicated in literature. The polyphenol concentration in the two samples was similar, 313 and 303 mg/100g. The glycosidic structures of isofavones were present in the ethilic alcoholic solution 90%. H variety has higher concentrations of daidzin 819.0 mg /g and genistin 905.6 mg /g towards B variety 460,48 μg/g daidzin and 364,60 μg/g genistin. H variety is preferred to be used in furtherer studies.
Relationship between The Addition of Glutathione to Sperm Freezing Medium and Cryosurvival Rate of Sperm Motility and Viability in Asthenozoospermic Patients

ABSTRACTObjective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between the addition of Glutathione to sperm freezing medium and cryosurvival rate of sperm motility and viability in asthenozoospermic patients.Methodology: fifty nine semen samples of asthenozoospermic patients were obtained from the male partner of infertile couples attending the fertility center of al-sadder medical teaching city in Al-Najaf during the period 1st October 2016 until 1st March 2017.Each semen sample was divided into four equal parts, volume of each part is 0.5 ml: first part (before activation), second part (after activation), third part (cryopreservation with sperm freezing medium for one month), and fourth part (cryopreservation with sperm freezing medium plus glutathione for one month ) . Sperm concentration , sperm progressive motility, sperm viability and sperm normal morphology were counted in first two parts, cryosurvival rate of sperm motility, viability was counted in third and fourth parts . Statistical analysis of the study performed by using Independent t-test and paired test to assess the differences between two groups . Results: After sperm activation by using the swim up technique ,the study results showed significant increase (P < 0.01) of progressive sperm motility, normal sperm morphology and sperm viability, while there were a significant decrease (P < 0.01) of sperm concentration. cryosurvival rate of sperm motility and viability were significant decrease (p < 0.01) after cryopreservation and thawing processes while the results were revealed significant improvement in cryosurvival rate of sperm motility, and viability ( p < 0.01 ) after the addition of glutathione to the sperm freezing medium.Conclusion: it can conclude from this study that addition of glutathione to sperm freeze medium improves. (p < 0.01) cryosurvival rate of sperm motility and viability during cryopreservation and thawing processes . Recommendations: the study recommended to addition 50 microliter of glutathione to sperm freezing media in concentration 1 mM .
On Individual Cursedness

Game theoretic models of the winner’s curse such as Eyster and Rabin’s (2005) Cursed Equilibria or Crawford and Iriberri’s (2007) level-k auctions assume that the curse is a result of wrong beliefs. Charness and Levin (2009) falsify this assumption experimentally and suspect that the curse might be driven by individuals’ inability to account for future events. Here, I define a game such that the explanations above do not apply and show experimentally that the curse is essentially unchanged. Instead, I find that the curse is rooted in individuals’ personality. Personality governs the scale of the individual curse at the outset of the experimental test and determines whether individuals unlearn the curse, or instead, acquire the curse with experience. JEL Classification: D03,D82,D83
Book Review: Life Scripts: A Transactional Analysis of Unconscious Relational Patterns

90 Transactional Analysis Journal or cultural. We can alter our own attitude to being wrong, and we can promote new attitudes to being wrong in those around us, from our immediate families and friends to our polities and societies. We are transformed by error through accepting it and by entering the gap between the world as we think of it and the world as it turns out to be (Schulz, 2010, p. 326). All wrongness is a kind of optimism, a hope and belief that we can change. Schulz has written an important book that is fun, often hilarious, always mind-bending to read, and, at the same time, eloquently and profoundly serious. Just imagine how the world would be if we truly accepted our capacity for error as definingly human and saw our mistakes as stages in a process, not limits to our validity. It would be like believing that “I’m OK, You’re OK, and They’re OK. ” As Schulz (2010) writes, “The great advantage of having told a story about the world is realizing that we can tell a better one: rich with better ideas, better possibilities—even perhaps better people” (p. 339).
Protein interactions with negatively charged inorganic surfaces: simulation and experiment

Protein adsorption on charged inorganic solid materials has recently attracted enormous interest due to its various possible applications including drug delivery and biomaterial design. The need to combine experimental and computational approaches to get a detailed picture of the adsorbed protein properties is increasingly recognised, and emphasised in this review. We discuss the methods frequently used to study protein adsorption, and the information they can provide. We focus on model systems containing a silica surface, which is negatively charged and hydrophilic at physiological pH, and two contrasting proteins: Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and Lysozyme (LSZ) that are both water soluble. At pH7, BSA has a net negative charge while LSZ is positive. In addition, BSA is moderately sized and flexible, while LSZ is small and relatively rigid. These differences in charge and structural nature capture the role of electrostatics and hydrophobic interactions on the adsorption of these proteins, along with the impact of adsorption on protein orientation and function. Understanding these model systems will undoubtedly enhance the potential to extrapolate our knowledge to other systems of interest.
The Use of a Commercial Organic Biostimulant for Improved Production of Marigold Cultivars

A commercial extract of humic acids and kelp containing thiamine and L-ascorbic acid, both alone (ROOTS ) and combined with fertilizer (ROOTS PLUS"), was tested as a growth biostimulant. Tests were conducted with marigolds ('Climax', 'Crackerjack', 'Gay Ladies' and 'Nugget') under greenhouse and yield conditions. ROOTS" promoted earlier germination and produced better transplants with increased roo1 lengths and shoot heights Transplants removed Cram the greenhouse and transplanted to the field showed increased shoot height and increased earlier flowering when plants were treated monthly with ROOTS PLUS", as opposed to fertilizer alone. Transplants grown to maturity in the greenhouse and treated with ROOTS PLUS" flowered earlier. However, shoot height and shoot diameter were not significantly. different at maturity. ROOTS" appears to accelerate growth, leading to earlier reproduction. Based upon observations of increased lumen area in the xylem, we propose that the growth effect may result from increased p.
THERMOPRESSED BINDERLESS FIBERBOARDS FROM WHEAT STRAW BY ADDING BLACK LIQUOR

For the shortage of timber resources and the sake of the formaldehyde emissions, people desire to use non-adhesive bonding technology. This paper studies the chemical composites of black liquor, at different contents ranging from 20 to 40 wt%, into fiberboards made from wheat straw pulp. Adding a little black liquor has positive effect on qualities of boards, contributing to presence of proteins and lignin in black liquor, but adding too much liquor would decrease properties of them for the ash content. The FT-IR measurements indicated that there are more low-molecular substance and hydrogen bonds producing after fining and thermopressing processes. The thermo analysis were conducted to better understand these results. The physical and mechanical properties of the resulting fiberboard were evaluated. The results showed that binderless fiberboards by adding 30 wt% have good mechanical and water resistance properties which can partly satisfy the requirements of the relevant standards specifications.