Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Academic Plagiarism Detection

This article summarizes the research on computational methods to detect academic plagiarism by systematically reviewing 239 research papers published between 2013 and 2018. To structure the presentation of the research contributions, we propose novel technically oriented typologies for plagiarism prevention and detection efforts, the forms of academic plagiarism, and computational plagiarism detection methods. We show that academic plagiarism detection is a highly active research field. Over the period we review, the field has seen major advances regarding the automated detection of strongly obfuscated and thus hard-to-identify forms of academic plagiarism. These improvements mainly originate from better semantic text analysis methods, the investigation of non-textual content features, and the application of machine learning. We identify a research gap in the lack of methodologically thorough performance evaluations of plagiarism detection systems. Concluding from our analysis, we see the integration of heterogeneous analysis methods for textual and non-textual content features using machine learning as the most promising area for future research contributions to improve the detection of academic plagiarism further.
Accounting Records and the Performance of Small and Medium Scale Industries (A Case of Karu L.G.A. of Nasarawa State)

This study evaluates the impact of accounting records on the performance of Small and Medium Scale Industries in Karu LGA of Nasarawa State. The research design is survey method comprising of opinions, impressions and perceptions of the respondents. The sampling technique was simple random sampling and proportionate stratified random sampling. The findings show that most of SMEs do not keep accounting records. Some of the reasons as to why they do not keep accounting records were: time consuming, lack of knowledge and skills, poor documentation, ignorance and poor support from the workers responsible with records in the organizations. The study recommend that the owners of SMEs to participate in different business matters, like seminars, international meetings, conferences where they can get different information, business skills on how to manage the business. Public and private organizations should increase effort on SME sector, especially in educating members how to improve their business in case of performance which requires good accounting records. Each SME owner, trader, supervisor should make sure that he or she is aware of the importance of accounting records towards the business growth.
Systematics and phylogeography of a threatened tortoise, the speckled padloper

This study investigated the systematics and phylogeography of a threatened tortoise of South Africa, the speckled padloper Homopus signatus. Sixty three specimens were collected from 17 localities that covered the distributional range of the two subspecies in western South Africa and a north‐eastern population that was recently discovered near Pofadder. The Pofadder sample could not be assigned to either subspecies based on morphology. The samples were sequenced for two partial mtDNA fragments, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase component four and cytochrome b, which yielded ∼1.1 kb, while a subset of the samples were sequenced for a 390 bp nuclear DNA (nDNA) fragment of prolactin. Phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA using minimum evolution, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inferences supported the monophyly of H. signatus and revealed that the Pofadder specimen was basal in the topology and sister to the remainder. The phylogenetic analyses did not support the recognition of two subspecies; there was statistical support for a Homopus signatus signatus clade but Homopus signatus cafer was not monophyletic. The nDNA analysis showed no difference between the subspecies and placed the Pofadder sample distant but not distinct from H. s. signatus. The mtDNA and the nDNA data suggest that the subspecies are invalid taxonomic units. The structure of the mtDNA network corresponded to the geographical distribution of populations. The north‐western populations formed one haplocluster, corresponding to H. s. signatus, whereas the south‐western populations formed three haploclusters, corresponding to H. s. cafer. The Pofadder sample was unconnected to the network. The morphology of the northern and southern morphotypes probably reflects selection for crypsis on the different substrate types of the regions, granites and sedimentary rocks, respectively. These results highlight that subspecies designations should be authenticated by molecular techniques because morphological plasticity can obfuscate phylogenetic relationships. We consider the western H. signatus populations as one taxonomic unit and recommend wider sampling of the Pofadder locality to clarify the taxonomic status of this lineage.
Population dynamics of Spalgis epius (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), a candidate biocontrol agent of mealybugs and its interaction with mealybug-attendant ants

ABSTRACT Spalgis epius is an economically important hemipterophagous butterfly. Detailed information on the population dynamics, natural enemies, and prey range of S. epius and its association with mealybug-attendant ant species is lacking. Three years of field studies conducted at Bangalore University campus, Bengaluru, India on these aspects indicated that the population density of S. epius was greatest from June to December and least from February to May in the low land region. S. epius survived on eight prey species, which were present in different months, of which Phenacoccus indicus was recorded as a prey of S. epius for the first time. Different prey species occurred on 12 species of host plants. The occurrence of S. epius was negatively correlated with temperature and positively correlated with relative humidity and prey populations. Six mealybug-attendant ant species were associated with the larvae of S. epius. The seven general predators of S. epius adults were recorded. Knowledge on the population dynamics and a prey range of S. epius and its interaction with mealybug-attendant ant species could be helpful to using this predator as a major biocontrol agent of various species of mealybugs. This study contributed to our understanding of the population dynamics of a hemipterophagous butterfly.
What drives the rapid achievement of a funding target in crowdfunding? Evidence from China

As a novel financing mechanism, crowdfunding can raise funds provided by many people for entrepreneurs in various industries, including the agri-food industry. Achieving a funding target in the shortest time possible is a key concern. Based on customer delivered value theory, we constructed a research model to empirically study the factors hastening the achievement of a funding target using large samples (N = 1 138). The indicators reflecting product value and image value were found to have significant positive impacts on the rapid achievement of the funding target; the indicators reflecting person value and service value also impacted the quick achievement of the funding target. Moreover, the results showed that the indicator reflecting monetary value, the minimum investment amount, has a positive impact on the rapid achievement of the funding target. The number of comments plays a mediating role in the relationship between the indicators reflecting the customer delivered value and the quick achievement of the funding target. Finally, practical implications of this study for initiators, platforms, and regulators are discussed.
Political Persuasion

How can competing political parties use persuasion to win elections? To study the role of competition in persuasion, I construct a voting model where two political parties compete by designing campaigns that release information about their party’s candidate. By designing the whole campaign–as compared to designing a particular message–political parties are able to systematically change the beliefs of a Bayesian voter. Campaigns generate distributions of voter beliefs about the candidate’s quality. Under competition, each party must worry about the other party and does not want to design a campaign that is easy to beat. In the unique equilibrium, both parties design campaigns that generate uniform distributions. The uniform distribution means that the voter is equally likely to have a range of beliefs about the candidate’s quality after the campaign. It also means that the voter has maximum uncertainty about the candidates. The uniform distribution is a common feature in zero-sum games where each party wants to win but only needs a small margin, such as all-pay auctions or Colonel Blotto games. The paper also highlights a similarity between buying votes with money and using persuasion. JEL-Classification: D72 (Political Processes), D82 (Asymmetric and Private Information), D83 (Information and Knowledge, Communication, Belief)
The Effect of Trust, Security, Quality of Service and Perceived Risks on Online Purchasing Decisions

1 A Student of Magister Management Science Faculty of Economics, Sriwijaya University, Jalan Srijaya Negara Bukit Besar, Bukit Lama, Ilir Bar I, Kota Palembang, Sumatera Selatan 30128, Indonesia 2 A Lecturer of Management Science Faculty of Economics Magister Management Science, Sriwijaya University, Jalan Srijaya Negara Bukit Besar, Bukit Lama, Ilir Bar I, Kota Palembang, Sumatera Selatan 30128, Indonesia 3 Lecturer Faculty of Economics, Bakrie University, Kawasan Rasuna Epicentrum, Jl. H. R. Rasuna Said No.Kav. C-22, RT.2/RW.5, Karet Kuningan, Kota Jakarta Selatan, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 12940, Indonesia
The Influence of e-Service Quality Dimensions on Customer Satisfaction and Purchase Intention: An Indian e-Market Perspective

: This paper developed a research model to examine the relationship among e-service quality dimensions, customer satisfaction and purchase intentions. Data from an online survey of 292 Indian online shoppers were collected using self-administered technique and analyzed with partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modelling to empirically test the model. This study suggests that to enhance customer satisfaction and purchase intentions, online shopping should develop e-marketing strategies to better address the dimensions of information, personalization, security/privacy, and responsiveness of web-based services. Online shopping should allocate more corporate resources to develop key e-service quality dimensions identified by this study. This study developed an instrument to assess of e-service quality by modifying the SERVQUAL model to consider the online shopping context.
The function of the brachial valve septa in plectambonitacean brachiopods

Eoplectodonta transversalis (Wahlcnberg) and other sowcrbyellids have a complex arrangement of septa in the brachial valve. It is argued that the function of these is primarily to support the lophophore and to strengthen the shell, and that the septa mirror is almost exactly the shape of the lophophore. In Eoplectodonta transversalis the ontogenetic develop ment of the lophophore varies from a simple to a complcx ptycholophe. Other plectam-bonitaceans have trocholophous and schizolophous lophophores.
Relationship between expression of herpes simplex virus glycoproteins and susceptibility of target cells to human natural killer activity

Cells normally insensitive to human natural killer (NK) activity were rendered susceptible by infection with HSV-1. The cytotoxic effector cell was a nonadherent, non-T, non-B lymphocyte. Antibody plus complement treatment, using a monoclonal antibody that recognizes an antigen present on NK cells, removed much of the cytotoxic activity, and a density gradient fraction enriched for NK cells yielded cells of increased virus-specific cytotoxicity. It was concluded that the effector cell active against infected targets possessed characteristics of an NK cell. Blockage of viral protein synthesis during infection inhibited development of increased susceptibility of infected targets to NK activity. When targets were infected with a mutant virus unable to produce viral glycoprotein C (gC), NK activity against these targets was reduced approximately 30% compared with activity against targets infected with wild-type virus. Similarly, activity against targets infected in the presence of 2-deoxyglucose (2dG), which prevents cell surface expression of viral glycoprotein B (gB), was also reduced approximately 30%. An approximately 60% reduction in activity was seen against targets infected with mutant virus in the presence of 2dG; these targets express gD, but neither gB nor gC. When cells expressing various combinations of HSV-1 glycoproteins were used as both labeled targets and cold target competitors, it was found that the susceptibility of a particular target to NK activity was paralleled by its ability to act as a cold target competitor. This indicates that targets with decreased sensitivity to NK cells were less able to bind NK effectors. Further, the amount of interferon produced in co-cultures of NK effectors and infected target cells did not directly correlate with the amount of NK activity generated, and interferon pretreatment of effectors did not decrease virus-specific cytotoxicity. The present results suggest that HSV-1 glycoproteins expressed at the surface of infected targets may act as recognition structures for NK cells.
The Influence of Agricultural Abandonment and the Abiotic Environment on the Vegetation Communities of a Suburban Deciduous Forest

ABSTRACT Length of time since agricultural abandonment, variations in topography and soil, and forest fragmentation associated with suburban development can influence dominant vegetation and foster exotic species invasion in a secondary successional forest. The Middle Patuxent Environmental Area (MPEA) in Maryland is a regrowth forest adjacent to suburban sprawl that was abandoned from agriculture at staggered rates. I surveyed vegetation throughout the MPEA to investigate how these interrelated factors have influenced species distribution and abundance. My predictions were that time since abandonment would explain the broader differences in forest succession, but that topography and an interface with suburbia would be the strongest determinants of smaller-scale species discrepancies within an area of similar abandonment history. I performed a hard noise clustering analysis using the R package vegclust to classify the MPEA into herbaceous, shrub, and tree communities each dominated by similar species. Tree communities differed distinctly in accordance with agricultural abandonment, proximity to suburban edges, and soil nutrients, with sun-tolerant Liriodendron tulipifera dominating in more recently reforested areas versus the shade-tolerant Fagus grandifolia and Carpinus caroliniana in longer-forested sites. Shrub and herbaceous communities also displayed some pattern reflecting length of reforestation, but there was a greater dominance of invasive species in these strata. A prevalence of disturbance, and a resulting encroachment into the mature forest understory of invasive species such as the grass Microstegium vimineum, underscores the need for invasive species management in a suburban forest fragment to span various stages of succession.
Accounting Conservatism and the Risk of Bankruptcy in the Nigerian Food and Beverage Firms

This study examined the effect of accounting conservatism on the bankruptcy risk in the Nigerian foods and beverages sector, from 2008 – 2018. The study used the ex-post facto research design. It thus used the documentary data which were obtained from the annual reports and accounts of the eight sampled firms which were selected from the population of twelve firms that were operating in the sector as at 31December 2015. The data generated for the study were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation and multivariate regression analysis among others. The results from the analysis were used to test the four hypotheses of the study. The findings of the study showed that Accounting Conservatism has a significant impact on Bankruptcy Risk in the Nigerian Foods and Beverages sector. The study concluded that the higher the provisions for depreciation, taxation, bad debt and gratuity made by a firm, the lower would be the risk of the bankruptcy.Similarly, provisions for depreciation and gratuity and that of taxation and bad debt shows an insignificant and significant relationship with the bankruptcy risk, respectively. The risk of bankruptcy of the sampled firms fell into a ‘’grey area” with their total mean scores of 1.953591. For sustainable bankruptcy risk management, the study recommended that adequate provision for taxation and bad debt need to be encouraged and also arrangements for taxation and gratuity should be improved using appropriate Government policies. Finally, accounting standards-setting bodies should reconsider accounting conservatism as a reporting mechanism in response to the economic, legal, and political environment in which firms operate.
Self-maintaining or continuously refreshed? The genetic structure of Euphausia lucens populations in the Benguela upwelling ecosystem

Populations of Euphausia lucens over the shelf of the southern Benguela upwelling region could be self-maintaining. Alternatively, they could be continually refreshed by expatriates from the SWAtlantic that enter the system via South Atlantic Central Water in the south, before developing and then being lost through advection off Namibia. These two hypotheses are investigated here by examining geographic heterogeneity and molecular variation (cox1 and ND1) of the species across its distributional range in the Southern Hemisphere. Comparisons are made with E. vallentini, which is assumed to show panmixia associated with its circumglobal distribution between 50 and 608S. Phylogenetic analysis with mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome oxidase 1 (cox1) confirmed that E. lucens and E. vallentini represent sister taxa. Strong geographic structuring of cox1 and ND1 mtDNA genetic variation by ocean basin was recorded in E. lucens, indicating that neritic populations off South Africa are likely self-maintaining. This contrasts with the results for E. vallentini, which appears to occur as a single panmictic population across its distributional range. These differences are likely related to the habitats (neritic, E. lucens; oceanic, E. vallentini) occupied by each species. The results of the neutrality tests are consistent with demographic processes and suggest growth in E. lucens and equilibrium or shrinkage in E. vallentini. Although purifying selection cannot be ruled out in
Molecular interactions involving urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), its receptor (uPAR) and its inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), as new targets for tumour therapy

In the promotion of cancer progression, a classical role had previously been ascribed to the plasminogen activation system on the basis of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) proteolytic activity and plasminogen activation triggering a focalised pericellular activation cascade involving matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). As a result, many pharmaceutical companies have undertaken the development of synthetic uPA inhibitors. However, during the last few years, data have accumulated that uPA, as well as urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), are likely to play an essential role in tumour progression through non-proteolysis-related activities. Such activities endow them with new and likely key functions in tumour progression-associated events, such as cellular adhesion, migration, invasion and angiogenesis. Since these activities essentially depend upon protein-protein interactions, they represent new therapeutic targets.
Die Rolle von Bienen und anderen Blütenbesuchern in der Reproduktionsbiologie der Bromelien Aechmea nudicaulis und Vriesea friburgensis im Atlantischen Regenwald Südbrasiliens

As part of a project studying the species richness of bromeliad flower visitors and the diversity and nature of their animal-plant interactions, three species of the lycaenid butterfly genus Strymon were recorded as pests of bromeliad inflorescences. Strymon ziba fed on the fruits of Aechmea nudicaulis, S. oreala on those of Ae. lindenii and Ae. caudata and S. serapio on the dry capsules of Vriesea friburgensis. The caterpillars of S. ziba and S. oreala, pests of cultivated pineapple, were facultatively associated with ants. One S. ziba pupa was parasitized by a chalcidid wasp. One S. oreala pupa was parasitized by an ichneumonid wasp. Behaviour and life history data of the caterpillars are described and aspects of the host specificity of the lycaenids and potential pest control by parasitoid wasps are discussed.
Acanthaster Planci: Major Management Problem of Coral Reefs

INTRODUCTION. An Extraordinary Species. Acanthaster planci in the Culture of Pacific Islanders. A Brief History of Public Awareness of Acanthaster. ACANTHASTER IN TIME AND SPACE. Taxonomy. Morphology. Geologic Record. Geographic Distribution of Acanthaster. Origin and Age of the Species. Population Densities of Acanthaster planci. LIFE HISTORY. General. Reproductive Biology of Acanthaster planci. Larval Biology. Juvenile Biology. Adult Biology. Physiology and Life History. ECOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS. Predation on Acanthaster. Pathogens and Symbionts of Acanthaster. Protective Associates of Corals. Protective Effects of Acanthaster planci on Coral-Reef Communities. Recovery of Coral Communities. Facilitating the Recovery Process. CONTROL PROGRAMS AND METHODS. Objectives. Previous Control Programs. Requirements for a Successful Control Program, Large or Small. Bounty, Volunteer, and Employed Control Teams. Methods for Small-Scale Control Efforts. Methods for Large-Scale Control Efforts. Should Acanthaster planci Be Controlled? POSSIBLE CAUSAL FACTORS for OUTBREAKS. REFERENCES. Apppendix I: BASIC Program for Coral Population Recovery. Appendix II: Subject Index
RP2K: A Large-Scale Retail Product Dataset for Fine-Grained Image Classification

We introduce RP2K, a new large-scale retail product dataset for fine-grained image classification. Unlike previous datasets focusing on relatively few products, we collect more than 500,000 images of retail products on shelves belonging to 2000 different products. Our dataset aims to advance the research in retail object recognition, which has massive applications such as automatic shelf auditing and image-based product information retrieval. Our dataset enjoys following properties: (1) It is by far the largest scale dataset in terms of product categories. (2) All images are captured manually in physical retail stores with natural lightings, matching the scenario of real applications. (3) We provide rich annotations to each object, including the sizes, shapes and flavors/scents. We believe our dataset could benefit both computer vision research and retail industry. Our dataset is publicly available at this https URL.
Generalized Grasping for Mechanical Grippers for Unknown Objects with Partial Point Cloud Representations

We present a generalized grasping algorithm that uses point clouds (i.e. a group of points and their respective surface normals) to discover grasp pose solutions for multiple grasp types, executed by a mechanical gripper, in near real-time. The algorithm introduces two ideas: 1) a histogram of finger contact normals is used to represent a grasp 'shape' to guide a gripper orientation search in a histogram of object(s) surface normals, and 2) voxel grid representations of gripper and object(s) are cross-correlated to match finger contact points, i.e. grasp 'size', to discover a grasp pose. Constraints, such as collisions with neighbouring objects, are optionally incorporated in the cross-correlation computation. We show via simulations and experiments that 1) grasp poses for three grasp types can be found in near real-time, 2) grasp pose solutions are consistent with respect to voxel resolution changes for both partial and complete point cloud scans, and 3) a planned grasp is executed with a mechanical gripper.