Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scattering from Ferrogels

This paper introduces a simple mean-field theory for gels with magnetic properties. The main emphasis in this paper is the discussion of the scattering properties. Therefore, a simple model is introduced, such that the chains carry magnetic moments along their main axis. Naturally these magnetic moments interact sensitively to theory orientation with each other. Thus a distinguished interplay between chain and dipole orientation induces strong coupling between the macroscopic deformation and magnetic properties. These effects can be experimentally demonstrated with scattering methods. Here some mean-field expressions for the structure factors are predicted and discussed in some detail.
Mapping the aerosol over Eurasia from the Zotino Tall Tower

The present study covers more than 5 yr corresponding to more than 40 000 hours of particle and gas data measured at the Siberian tall tower Zotino Tall Tower (ZOTTO) (60.8°N; 89.35°E). Extrapolated along 10-d back trajectories, the ZOTTO measurements cover large parts of the Eurasian land mass. Mapping the extrapolated ZOTTO data points to major anthropogenic source regions and Siberian fire regions, consistent with emission data for CO and vegetation fires. Middle East mid-latitude sources stand out strongly and possibly emissions from Northern China may be seen at times from ZOTTO. The maps of measured light scattering and absorption characteristics support the interpretation of different source types. Three clusters of substantially different submicrometer particle size distributions were found, the maps of which also could be related to major aerosol source regions.
Synthesis and applications of benzothiazole containing cyanine dyes

Abstract Heterocyclic compounds are of immense interest due to their extensive occurrence in nature as well as their applicability in the pharmaceutical industry. Benzothiazole and its derivatives encompass an attractive heterocyclic class that displays practical applications ranging from mevdicine to photography and agriculture, among other things. This review focuses on the synthesis and specific applications of various benzothiazole cyanine dyes. Benzothiazole-containing heterocyclic structures are prominent throughout the literature and it is very important to acknowledge their efficacy and applicability as we discuss herein.
Knowledge management of financial performance for tax amnesty policy

the objectives of this study is to analyze differences of financial performance before and after the enactment of tax amnesty on XYZ company. This study is done by employing quantitative approach. Financial performance is measured by liquidity through current ratio, profitability through return on assets ratio, leverage through debt to equity ratio. Data analysis technique employed is different test with paired t test. The findings of this study indicate that there are differences in financial performance seen from liquidity measured through current ratio, profitability through return on assets ratio, leverage through debt to equity ratio before and after the enactment of tax amnesty policy.
Selection and characterization of Phytophthora parasitica mutants with ultraviolet-induced resistance to dimethomorph or metalaxyl

Mutants of Phytophthora parasitica Dast. more or less resistant to dimethomorph or metalaxyl were obtained by treating mycelium with ultraviolet radiation. Some metalaxyl-resistant mutants exhibited levels of resistance (i.e. the ratio between the EC50 values for the mutant and the wild-type strain) greater than 100, but those observed in the dimethomorph-resistant mutants never exceeded 25. Most mutants retained their resistance after sub-culturing on unamended agar medium. Single zoospore clones derived from a metalaxyl-resistant and a dimethomorph-resistant mutant, selected as amongst the most resistant, had levels of resistance similar to those of the parental strains. The metalaxyl-resistant mutants were also resistant to the related phenylamide fungicides, furalaxyl and benalaxyl, but remained sensitive to dimethomorph. The dimethomorph-resistant mutants were not resistant to phenylamide fungicides. The pathogenicity of some metalaxyl- or dimethomorph-resistant mutants on tobacco leaves was similar to that of the wild-type strains.
3-Nitrobenzanthrone, a Powerful Bacterial Mutagen and Suspected Human Carcinogen Found in Diesel Exhaust and Airborne Particulates

3-Nitrobenzanthrone (3-nitro-7H-benz[d,e]anthracen-7-one) was isolated from the organic extracts of both diesel exhaust and airborne particles and was identified as a new class of powerful direct mutagen. Its mutagenicity by Ames Salmonella assay is very high (208 000 revertants/nmol in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and 6 290 000 revertants/nmol in YG1024) and compares with that of 1,8-dinitropyrene, which is the direct mutagen of strongest activity (257 000 revertants/nmol in TA98 and 4 780 000 revertants/nmol in YG1024) so far reported in the literature. The new mutagen was also shown to induce micronuclei in mouse peripheral blood reticulocytes after intraperitoneal administration (micronucleated reticulocytes, 0.64% against 25 mg/kg dose after 48 h), suggesting its potential genotoxicity to mam malians. 3-Nitrobenzanthrone is most likely to be formed not only during the combustion process of fossil fuels but also from the atmospheric reaction between benzanthrone and lower oxides of nitrogen, since the .
Influence of pectic acids on aggregation and deposition of colloidal pitch

The effect of pectic acids on deposition of pitch extracted from thermomechanical pulp (TMP) and the deposition mechanisms in the presence of Ca-ions was investigated. A deposition tester with steel collector surfaces was applied to quantify the amount of deposits. The effect of pH on deposition was also studied. Model pectic acids with different molar masses (8,000 and 12,000 Da) prepared from a commercial pectin, and pectic acids in water from bleached TMP were tested. Destabilization and aggregation of colloidal pitch resulted in its accumulation on the surface and also in deposition. Addition of peroxide-bleached TMP water, rich in pectic acids, to a pitch dispersion in the presence of calcium caused an extensive aggregation. Addition of model pectic acids inhibited the aggregation to some extent. The effect was stronger with pectic acids of 12,000 Da. The deposition tendency of pitch was decreased to some extent by both TMP pectic acids and model pectic acids. The deposition was inhibited more efficiently at pH 8 than at pH 5, probably due to higher surface charge of the pitch droplets, leading to increased adsorption of pectic acid aggregates onto pitch droplets.
Mesoporous bioactive glass: ideal material for higher uptake and well sustained release of ibuprofen

Abstract Mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) and mesoporous silica (MS) have been synthesised by evaporation induced self-assembly method. Both samples possess ordered mesoporous structure and grainy morphologies. Ibuprofen was used as model drug, and the drug loading and release process were studied in detail. The MBG shows a higher drug loading capacity (46%) than that of MS (28%) due to its high surface area and pore volume and the stronger interaction between ibuprofen and Ca2+ of MBG. The release profile investigation of both samples indicated that MBG has a longer and gentle drug release process than that of MS. It can be found that MBG has the advantages for controlled release, such as higher drug loading capacity and long release effect, which makes MBG a good candidate for drug carrier.
Dynamic Disorder of Bi82+ Clusters in the Plastic Phase (Bi8)3Bi[InI4]9

Black, air-insensitive crystals of the bismuth-rich tetraiodido-indate(III) (Bi8)3Bi[InI4]9 have been prepared from melts of the contributing elements. X-ray diffraction on a single crystal at 293 K and 220 K revealed a cubic structure with [InI4]– tetrahedra, isolated Bi3+ ions and rotationally disordered Bi82+ square antiprisms ace group Fmc; a = 20.162(2) A at T = 293(1)]. The principal arrangement of the complex ions corresponds to the AuCu3 type. The small bulk modulus B0 = 12(1) GPa and its large pressure derivative B0′ = 11(1) as well as the low Debye temperature θD = 52 K are in accordance with a plastic behavior. Cooling below 148(1) K induces the first order transition into an orderedphase with 0.43 % higher density but much larger unit cell and lower crystallographic point group. The transition enthalpy ΔH ≈ 3.8 kJ·mol–1 and transition entropy ΔS ≈ 3 R were determined from specific heat data. A similar reversible phase transition into a lower symmetric structure is observed at a pressure of approximately 5 GPa. (Bi8)3Bi[InI4]9 is a diamagnetic semiconductor.
An enzymic method for the determination of skimmed milk powder in soup and sauce mixes

An enzymic method for the determination of skimmed milk powder in soup and sauce mixes is described. The method is based on the determination of free lactose by its hydrolysis with β-galactosidase to galactose and glucose, the latter being determined by the hexokinase method. The determination is free of interference from reducing sugars and other substances present in soup and sauce mixes. The method is more rapid, accurate and reliable than other methods in current use.
Critical thicknesses of highly strained InGaAs layers grown on InP by molecular beam epitaxy

The growth and relaxation of highly strained In82Ga18As and InAs epilayers grown by molecular beam epitaxy, at 525 and 450 °C, on InGaAs lattice matched (LM) to InP, have been investigated using reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) techniques. RHEED oscillations, three‐dimensional growth mode onsets, and relaxation onsets have been measured. Strong strain and temperature effects have been observed on both growth mode and plastic relaxation mechanism. It is suggested that plastic relaxation could occur through two competing mechanisms, misfit dislocations or ‘‘3D island dislocations’’ and that the actual mechanism can be predicted using specific temperature dependent laws for the critical thicknesses.
Ucieleśnienie języka – rola zmysłów i percepcji w komunikacji multimodalnej .......... 7

Ludzie jako istoty cielesne percypują fizyczny świat dzięki zmysłom, na któ­ re działają bodźce z tego fizycznego świata pochodzące. Widzimy, słyszymy, czujemy, ale też poruszamy się, dotykamy, manipulujemy obiektami, które są w zasięgu naszych rąk, używamy narzędzi, za pomocą których kształtujemy rzeczywistość. Jako istoty świadome siebie myślimy, przetwarzając postrze­ żenia, kategoryzujemy napływające bodźce i reagujemy na nie. Nasze ciała i umysły stanowią całość, której elementy wzajemnie na siebie oddziałują i są od siebie zależne. Nasz sposób komunikowania się, nazywania, opisywania świata, tworzenia go i działania za pomocą języka są zależne od możliwości zmysłowych, cielesnych i konceptualizacyjnych, gdyż stanowią kolejne tryby w poznawczej, kognitywnej machinie homo sapiens.
Adsorption of Cesium by Synthetic Clay−Organic Matter Complexes: Effect of the Nature of Organic Polymers

The strong correlation observed in situ between the bioavailability of radiocesium and soil organic matter content is paradoxical given the lack of coordination chemistry of cesium and its strong affinity for clay minerals. The aim of this work is to determine whether the adsorption of soil polymers, a protein and a polysaccharide, on reference clay minerals decreases cesium adsorption. Measurements were carried out in dilute suspensions of montmorillonite or illite, varying the initial polymer concentration, pH, and ionic strength. Planar clay surfaces were also blocked to elucidate the nature of the Cs adsorption sites affected. Both polymers caused a decrease in Cs adsorption, by up to an order of magnitude, particularly on illite and for trace concentrations of Cs. The effect increased with increasing polymer adsorbed on the clay surface but varied with experimental conditions so that there is no correlation between the quantity of polymer adsorbed and decreased Cs adsorption. Polymers appear to effec.
Roles as metabolic regulators of the non-nutrients, capsaicin and capsiate, supplemented to diets

Capsaicin is a pungent principle of hot red pepper and a non-nutrient. Capsaicin supplementation to high fat diet prevents fat deposit in the adipose tissue through secretion of adrenaline from the adrenal gland via activation of adrenal sympathetic nerve in rats. The chemical structure of a capsaicin analog found in non-pungent red pepper which was selected and fixed from a pungent variety was recently determined by our group to be a novel compound, capsiate. The gastrointestinal absorption and the metabolism of capsiate after oral administration in rats was studied. Capsiate rapidly disappeared from upper region of the gastrointestinal tract. It was cleaved to vanillyl alcohol and vanillic acid. The cleaved products were excreted in the urine as a conjugated complex such as glucuronide. The effect of capsiate on adrenaline secretion from the adrenal medulla of anesthetized rats was investigated. Capsiate evoked rapid and transient adrenaline secretion as dose-dependent manner. Capsazepine, a specific inhibitor of vanilloid (capsaicin) receptor subtype 1 (VR1), blocked capsiate-induced adrenaline secretion to show the participation of VR1 for this response. These results support that non-nutrients such as capsaicin and capsiate are well absorbed into blood and play important roles in regulating energy and lipid metabolism. (Communicated by Tadashi INAGAMI, M. J. A., Sept. 12, 2003)
P o S ( P 2 G C ) 0 1 6 Cosmological Experiments

We review the status of cosmological experiments probing th e early universe through the abundnance of elements and the formation and evolution of structu es, describing how they leaded to the estabilishment of the cosmological concordance model a nd mentioning the most important future expectations from them. We focus on the information d erived from the observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropies, descr ibing how the traces of processes occurred in the early universe are stored, and pointing out t hose which still evade our knowledge, as well as the most important forthcoming experiments.
The physical properties of SnS films grown on lattice‐matched and amorphous substrates

The development of high‐quality tin monosulphide (SnS) layers is one of the crucial tasks in the fabrication of efficient SnS‐based optoelectronic devices. Reduction of strain between film and the substrate by using an appropriate lattice‐matched (LM) substrate is a new attempt for the growth of high‐quality layers. In this view, the SnS films were deposited on LM Al substrate using the thermal evaporation technique with a low rate of evaporation. The as‐grown SnS films were characterized using appropriate techniques and the obtained results are discussed by comparing them with the properties of SnS films grown on amorphous substrate under the same conditions. From structural analysis of the films, it is noticed that the SnS films deposited on amorphous substrate have crystallites that were oriented along different directions. However, the SnS crystallites grown on Al substrate exhibited epitaxial growth along the [101] direction. Photoluminescence (PL) and Raman studies reveal that the films grown on Al substrate have better optical properties than those of the films grown on amorphous substrates.
Effect of electronic transition dynamics on iodine atom recombination in liquids

The Langevin stochastic trajectory model used by Hynes, Kapral, and Torrie [J. Chem. Phys. 72, 177 (1980)] to describe secondary recombination of iodine atoms in solution has been generalized to allow for electronically inelastic transitions between the ten I–I potential curves that dissociate to ground state iodine atoms. The electronic transitions are treated via the Miller–George version of the Tully–Preston surface hopping model. The main qualitative result is that electronically inelastic processes substantially slow down the rate (and ultimate probability) of recombination. It is also seen that the electronic inelasticity changes from being strong at large r, where an essentially Boltzmann distribution over the various electronic states is maintained, to being weak at small r, where the distribution is far from Boltzmann.
Synthesis and Characterization of Electrically Conducting Polyaniline Doped with Glacial Acetic Acid (CH3COOH) at Room Temperature

Polyaniline (PANI) has been prepared by chemical oxidation method at room temperature and the effect of concentration of dopant Glacial Acetic Acid (CH 3 COOH) on the structure of the polymer was investigated. Polymers prepared in absence and in the presence of varying concentrations of CH 3 COOH were characterized using UV-visible, FTIR spectroscopy and conductivity measurements. In UV-visible spectra of PANIs recorded in DMSO revealed that absorption bands increases with increasing concentration of CH 3 COOH. The FTIR spectra shows the absorption bands related to quinoid and benzenoid rings for the undoped and doped PANI in CH 3 COOH indicating that the polymer is composed of amine and imine units. Highest conductivity value was obtained in presence of 1.0 M CH 3 COOH indicating that the more preferable doping of PANI will be at this concentration of CH 3 COOH. The effect of the temperature upon the conductivity of PANI synthesized with different concentrations of CH 3 COOH has been studied.
Inhomogeneous distribution of water adsorbed under low pressure in CrAPO-5 and SAPO-5: An interference microscopy study

Intracrystalline concentration profiles of water, adsorbed in large crystals of CrAPO-5 and SAPO-5 under equilibrium with water vapor at 1 and 20 mbar, were determined with use of interference microscopy. At lower pressure, the profiles reveal highly inhomogeneous distributions of intracrystalline water in both crystal types. This effect is attributed to structural heterogeneity of the crystals. Its possible relation to the progress of the crystal growth process is considered. Under the vapor pressure of 20 mbar, the water molecules are homogeneously distributed over the crystals. In this case, the pore volume is saturated with liquid-like water. The structural heterogeneity has been found to have a low or no influence on the final uptake level of the crystals.
Staphylococcus aureus and bovine mastitis: molecular typing of methicillinresistance and clinical description of infected quarters

This study targeted Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus )-mastitis of bovine as a possible source of live -stock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), to describe clinical signs of mastitis associat ed with MRSA and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). The study area was the Gharbia and Kaf relsheikh governorates, in the central and northern regions of the Egyptian Delta. Clinical examination of animals was performed to detect clinical mastitis (CM) and clinically normal cases were tested by the California mastitis test (CMT) to identify subclinical mastitis (SCM). Accordingly, 38 mastitis cases (68 infected quarters) were detected. Milk sam ples were collected aseptically and were cultured on Baird Parker agar. Fifty nine Gram-positive cocci-shaped isolates were selected and preserved. In addition, 33 Staphylococcus spp. isolates originated from bovine mastitis at the same study area were obtained from Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI). The cocci-shaped Gram-positive bacteria and AHRI Staphylococcus spp. isolates were used for molecular identification of S. aureus and MRSA. Molecular screen ing had yielded 17 S. aureus isolates, from which five isolates (29.41%) were MRSA and 12 isolates (70.59%) were MSSA. The five MRSA isolates were mecA positive, but mecC negative. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of the five MRSA isolates indicated that all were sequence type 1 (ST1). S. aureus -associated cases showed different clinical forms of mastitis, including subclinical, acute, chronic, and gangrenous. However, subclinical mastitis was the only detected form associated with MRSA, which may represent a potential hidden risk for humans. Phenotypic antimicro -bial-resistance pattern of MRSA isolates showed resistance to all of the tested β-lactam antimicrobials, with marked Staphylococcus on Baird Parker agar. A 24 h incubation at 37 °C was done according to Silva et al. (2000). Gram-stained Smears of the colonies were examined. The putative Staphylococcus species isolates were preserved in glycerol stock at −20 °C. In addition to the above mentioned putative iso lates, 33 Staphylococcus isolates were obtained from AHRI. Such isolates originated from bovine mastitis cases at the same study area, but clin ical data of these isolates were not recorded. resistance to tetracycline and gentamycin. Based on our knowledge, this is the first report to identify MRSA ST1 in Egypt. Bovine mastitis could be a source for the dissemination of MRSA to humans and other animals. Additionally, while methicillin-resistance may have no effect on the clinical severity of mastitis, it does affect therapeutic success, particularly when β-lactam antimicrobials are used.
Nanoscale metal oxide particles/clusters as chemical reagents. Unique surface chemistry on magnesium oxide as shown by enhanced adsorption of acid gases (sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide) and pressure dependence

Surface adsorptive properties of nanoscale MgO particles have been compared with more conventional samples. Morphologically the nanoparticles (autoclave prepared = AP-MgO) are unique and very different from the conventional samples (conventionally prepared = CP-MgO), and AP-MgO possesses more defects, edge and corner sites, higher surface area and more higher index surfaces. The number of residual surface −OH groups/nm2 is similar for both types of samples. Differences in adsorptivity of SO2 and CO2 at relatively low pressure (20 Torr) were determined by gravimetric means. Much larger quantities were adsorbed by AP-MgO. This process of chemisorption was dynamic, and oxygen scrambling occurred when SO2 and Mg18O nanoparticles were in contact. These results, complying with FTIR studies, are rationalized as due to higher intrinsic surface reactivity coupled with higher concentrations of lower coordination ions on the nanoparticle. Pressure studies showed, however, that as 100 Torr of SO2 or CO2 was reached, .
Microbial community functional diversity and enzymatic activity in the sediments of drinking water reservoirs, Northwest China

AbstractSediment microbial communities act as an important role in the aquatic environmental conditions by influencing nutrient cycling, organic matter metabolism, heavy metal transportation, and organic pollutant transformation. In this study, microbial community functional diversity and enzyme activity in the sediments of two drinking water reservoirs were examined. Sediment bacterial and fungal communities’ functional diversity were determined using substrate utilization profiling (BIOLOG) method. Sucrase, dehydrogenase, urease, alkaline phosphatase activities were measured spectrophotometrically. The results showed that sucrase activity in Tang Yu (TY) reservoir was 329.77 mg glucose/g 24 h, which is significant higher than that of Shi Bian Yu (SBY) (p 0.05). Average well color.
Automatic sugar analysis in the beet industry. Part II: Apparatus and results

Sugar analysis in the beet industry presents some difficulties due to the highly complex composition of the raw products. This is particularly important in molasses, which contains a considerable ionic component. However, precise determination of raffinose concentration is necessary to optimize the crystallization process. Purification of raw products on mixed-bed ion exchangers followed by passage through a ODS precolumn is performed before the actual chromatographic step. These steps must be automated in order to improve precision and productivity. A completely automatic system, designed for maximum stability of chromatographic columns and good analytical precision of results is presented.