Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rain-on-Snow Events in the Western United States

Rain-on-snow events pose a significant flood hazard in the western United States. This study provides a description of the spatial and temporal variability of the frequency of rain-on-snow events for 4318 sites in the western United States during water years (October through September) 1949–2003. Rain-on-snow events are found to be most common during the months of October through May; however, at sites in the interior western United States, rain-on-snow events can occur in substantial numbers as late as June and as early as September. An examination of the temporal variability of October through May rain-on-snow events indicates a mixture of increasing and decreasing trends in rain-on-snow events across the western United States. Decreasing trends in rain-on-snow events are most pronounced at lower elevations and are associated with trends toward fewer snowfall days and fewer precipitation days with snow on the ground. Rain-on-snow events are more (less) frequent in the northwestern (southwestern) United .
Reproductions Supplied by Edrs Are the Best That Can Be Made * * from the Original Document

The theoretical frameworks that have guided a researcher's focus on interest, the curricular and pedagogical implications of this research, and the possibilities for future research are described. The research project in question focuses on the effects of interest and importance on attention and learning of test material through a cognitive constructivist approach. Research has suggested that in texts on high interest topics, cognitive interest may play a stronger role than seductive details in creating interest and increasing the learning of important information. One possible way of using these findings in the classroom is to build curriculum around students' questions on topics that are of interest to them. Future research should value interest as an end in itself and not simply as a means to increased learning. Future studies should also examine the relationships among interest and such constructs as motivation and engagement. (Contains 27 references.) (SLD) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ******************************************************************************** Research on Interest: Implications for Curriculum Development and Future Research Suzanne E. Wade University of Utah Paper Presented at the American Educational Research Association Symposium on Engaging Students: Implications from and for Research on Interest and Motivation Montreal, 1999 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) . 91<s document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY . 1 or. TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)
A General Framework for a Class of First Order Primal-Dual Algorithms for TV Minimization

We generalize the primal-dual hybrid gradient (PDHG) algorithm proposed by Zhu and Chan in [ M. Zhu, and T. F. Chan , An Eﬃcient Primal-Dual Hybrid Gradient Algorithm for Total Variation Image Restoration , UCLA CAM Report [08-34], May 2008], draw connections to similar methods and discuss convergence of several special cases and modiﬁcations. In particular, we point out a convergence result for a modiﬁed version of PDHG that has a similarly good empirical convergence rate for total variation (TV) minimization problems. Its convergence follows from interpreting it as an inexact Uzawa method. We also prove a convergence result for PDHG applied to TV denoising with some restrictions on the PDHG step size parameters. It is shown how to interpret this special case as a projected averaged gradient method applied to the dual functional. We discuss the range of parameters for which the inexact Uzawa method and the projected averaged gradient method can be shown to converge. We also present some numerical comparisons of these algorithms applied to TV denoising, TV deblurring and constrained l 1 minimization problems.
Texture Analysis for 3D Classification of Brain Tumor Tissues

This paper investigates on extending and comparing the Gray level co-occurrence matrices (GLCM) and 3D Gabor filters in volumetric texture analysis of brain tumor tissue classification. The extracted features are sub-selected by genetic algorithm for dimensionality reduction and fed into Extreme Learning Machine Classifier. The organizational prototype of image voxels distinctive to the underlying substrates in a tissue is been evaluated and validated on public and clinical dataset revealing 3D GLCM more appropriate towards brain tumor tissue classification . Streszczenie. W artykule zbadano i porownano algorytmy klasyfikacji tkanki guza mozgu – GLCM i filtry Gabora 3D. Wlaściwości ekstrakcji byly selekcjonowane przy uzyciu algorytmu genetycznego i klasyfikatora ELM. (Analiza tekstury w trzywymiarowej klasyfikacji tkanki guza mozgu)
Nowoczesne leczenie objawowe w stwardnieniu rozsianym

1Katedra i Klinika Neurologii Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie 2Klinika Anestezjologii Centrum Medycznego Kształcenia Podyplomowego w Warszawie 3Oddział Kliniczny Neurologii Uniwersyteckiego Szpitala Klinicznego nr 1 im. Norberta Barlickiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Łodzi 4FizjoFun w Rucianem-Nidzie 5Katedra i Klinika Urologii Ogólnej, Onkologicznej i Czynnościowej Warszawskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego 6Oddział Kliniczny Neurologii Uniwersyteckiego Szpitala Klinicznego nr 1 im. Norberta Barlickiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Łodzi
Wireless Analog Passive Sensors for Small Bioelectric Signal Measurement through Load Modulation

David Arellano has been working in the Embedded Systems lab in the Electrical Engineering Department since Spring 2014 and plans on attending graduate school after receiving a bachelors degree. He also plans to stay involved with the research community after graduation. With a passion for travel, he hopes to see as much of the world as possible. Free time is spent studying theology, philosophy, and enjoying movies, music, art and nature. Family, friends, and religion have all been incredible influences in his life, and he owes all of his success to these blessings and the continuing support of loved ones. Abstract Fully-passive wireless body-sensors open the possibility for unobtrusive physiological signal capture and monitoring in natural settings. While ca-pacitive analog passive wireless sensors have been developed, we present an alternative solution for signal capture based on load modulation using resistive transducers. The passive sensor is composed of a loop antenna, a tuning capacitor, and a resistive transducer suitable for the type of physiological signals to be measured. The interrogator transmits a carrier RF signal at 11.776MHz whose amplitude is modulated based on the resistive loading by the transducer. In this study, in place of a resistive transducer , an N-Channel Enhancement MOSFET is used to modulate the carrier signal with an applied small signal voltage. In previous studies, the sensor was characterized for various resistive loads of 1.2? to 82K? with an interrogator of low quality factor (Q F). We demonstrate the effect of raising the QF of the interrogator, which increases sensitivity and allows for small signal voltage sensing at very low power levels (0dBm to +5dBm). The results demonstrate the viability of developing body-worn fully-passive sensors for small bioelectrical signal capture.
Grundlagen des Autonomen Rechnens

Das vegetative Nervensystem (engl. autonomous nervous system) des Menschen kann das, wovon in der IT-Industrie noch getraumt wird. Abhangig von der aktuellen Umgebung und Tatigkeit reguliert das vegetative Nervensystem mandatorische Korperfunktionen wie Herzfrequenz und Atmung. Reflexe, die dem Selbstschutz dienen, werden automatisch ausgelost. Verletzungen heilen von selbst, ohne dass man seine normalen Tatigkeiten dafur unterbrechen musste. Im Rahmen des Seminars „Autonomic Computing“ im Sommersemester 2003 am Institut fur Programmstrukturen und Datenorganisation der Universitat Karlsruhe wurden Grundlagen dieses Autonomen Rechnens besprochen. Als Basis fur Selbstkonfiguration und Selbstoptimierung werden in „Kontextbewusstsein: Ein Uberblick“ Techniken zur Erfassung des physischen und sozialen Kontexts einer Anwendung erlautert. Die dienstorientierte Architektur und konkrete Implementierungen wie z.B. UPnP, Jini oder Bluetooth werden in „Aktuelle Technologien zur Realisierung dienstorientierter Architekturen“ behandelt. Die Arbeit „Service- Orientierung und das Semantic Web“ beschreibt, wie Semantic Web Technologien zur Beschreibung von Web Services verwendet werden konnen mit dem Ziel der automatischen Dienstfindung. Danach wird der Begriff „Selbstbewusstsein“ in bezug auf Software anhand zweier komplementarer Forschungsprojekte definiert. Technologien zur Uberwachung des Laufzeitverhaltens von Rechnersystemen mit dem Ziel der selbststandigen Optimierung sind Gegenstand der Arbeit „Selbst-Uberwachung und Selbst-Optimierung“. Der Artikel „Selbst-Schutz“ fasst die Sicherheitsanforderungen zusammen, die an ein autonomes Computersystem gestellt werden mussen und die Techniken, um solche Anforderungen zu erfullen. Ansatze aus dem Bereich wiederherstellungsorientiertes- und fehlertolerantes Rechnen werden in „Selbst-Heilung“, „ROC – Recovery Oriented Computing“ und „Recovery Oriented Computing: Modularisierung und Redundanz“ vorgestellt. Alle Ausarbeitungen und Prasentationen sind auch elektronisch auf der diesem Band beiliegenden CD oder unter www.autonomic-computing.org verfugbar.
DECENTRALIZED ROBUST GUARANTEED COST CONTROL FOR UNCERTAIN T-S FUZZY INTERCONNECTED SYSTEMS WITH TIME DELAYS

In this paper, we consider the problem of decentralized robust guaranteed cost control for T-S fuzzy interconnected systems with time delays and uncertain parameters. The sufficient conditions are given, under which we can design decentralized robust guaranteed cost controllers to provide the stability of the closed-loop system and guarantee an adequate level of performance for all admissible uncertainties. These conditions are expressed as linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The feedback gain can be obtained by solving the LMIs. An illustrative example is included to demonstrate the validity and feasibility of the control method proposed.
Evaluación de la interacción antinociceptiva entre Rutina y Naproxeno utilizando análisis isobolográfico

El uso de combinaciones farmacologicas entre analgesicos antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINEs) y opioides puede traer consigo una mayor actividad analgesica y menores efectos colaterales. El naproxeno, un farmaco tipo AINE, es ampliamente utilizado en la terapeutica del dolor. Sin embargo, tiene graves efectos en el sistema gastrointestinal. La rutina es un flavonoide que posee diversas propiedades farmacologicas, entre ellas las antinociceptivas y antiinflamatorias. La actividad antinociceptiva de rutina y naproxeno, administrados via oral por separado y en combinacion, fue evaluada mediante el test de contorsiones abdominales inducidas por acido acetico. El tipo de combinacion farmacologica fue evaluada mediante analisis isobolografico. Rutina y naproxeno mostraron un efecto antinociceptivo de 80.42 ± 6.47 % y 87.71± 0.82 %, respectivamente. La combinacion de ambos farmacos resulto en un indice de interaccion menor a 1, lo cual indica un sinergismo tipo potenciacion. La combinacion de rutina y naproxeno mostro un buen efecto antinociceptivo. Por lo cual, esta nueva combinacion de farmacos se puede considerar como una nueva alternativa a la terapeutica del dolor.
.4 Viewpoints

7 and domain/degree); the search algorithms are forward checking and a search algorithm that maintains generalized arc consistency, with three different ways of enforcing GAC. They conclude that the three choices of model, algorithm and heuristic interact, and that for the most efficient problem solving, none of the decisions can be made independently of the others. It is a moot point whether the choice of search heuristics is part of modelling or not. It is certainly true that the performance of a model will be affected by the search heuristics, but for the purposes of this chapter, choosing the search heuristics will be excluded. However, for some types of model, there is a choice of which of the variables in the model should be used to drive the search, i.e. which variables should participate in choice points, and this will be considered as part of modelling. Different models of a problem P may result from viewing the problem P from different angles or perspectives. The term viewpoint was introduced informally by Geelen [19], in discussing permutation problems, and was subsequently adopted and formally defined by Law and Lee [29]. A viewpoint is a pair X, D, where X = {x 1 ,. , x n } is a set of variables , and D is a set of domains; for each x i ∈ X, the associated domain D i is the set of possible values for x. It must be possible to ascribe a meaning to the variables and values of the CSP in terms of the problem P , and so to say what an assignment in the viewpoint X, D is intended to represent in terms of P. The complete assignments defined by the viewpoint are intended to include all possible solutions of P. The constraints must then ensure that every solution to the CSP is a valid solution to P , and so are largely determined by that requirement. Hence, it is different viewpoints that give rise to fundamentally different models of a problem. In principle, the values in the domain can be of any type. In practice, the types commonly supported by constraint solvers include integers, Booleans (perhaps only as a sub-type of integers) and sets of integers. Other types have been proposed, e.g. multisets and tuples; constraint solvers may directly support these, or provide facilities to allow new types to be defined. Some …
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In this paper we claim that meaningful representations can be learned by programs, although today they are almost always designed by skilled engineers. We discuss several kinds of meaning that representations might have, and focus on a functional notion of meaning as appropriate for programs to learn. Speci cally, a representation is meaningful if it incorporates an indicator of external conditions and if the indicator relation informs action. We survey methods for inducing kinds of representations we call structural abstractions. Prototypes of sensory time series are one kind of structural abstraction, and though they are not denoting or compositional, they do support planning. Deictic representations of objects and prototype representations of words enable a program to learn the denotational meanings of words. Finally, we discuss two algorithms designed to nd the macroscopic structure of episodes in a domain-independent way.
7: Does Stretching Help Prevent Injuries?

Over the past 30 years, sport medicine professionals have promoted stretching as a way to decrease the risk of injury. Two potential mechanisms are often proposed by which stretching could decrease injury: a direct decrease in muscle stiffness via changes in passive visco-elastic properties, or an indirect decrease in muscle stiffness via reflex muscle inhibition and consequent changes in visco-elastic properties due to decreased actin-myosin cross bridges. These changes in muscle stiffness would allow for an increased range of motion (ROM) around a joint (i.e. “flexibility”*), which is believed to decrease the risk of injury. Despite these claims, new research has challenged some of these concepts. First, stretching must be differentiated from range of motion. There are many individuals who have excellent range of motion but never stretch, and many individuals who stretch but continue to have limited range of motion. Therefore, different injury rates in people with different ranges of motion may not be related to the effect of stretching but rather occur because of underlying variations in tissue properties (for example strength), anatomy, etc. To understand the specific effect of stretching, then one should limit the review to studies that directly look at that intervention. Second, stretching immediately before exercise may have different effects than stretching at other times. These should be considered separate interventions, and completely different from studies on flexibility. Whereas there is a considerable amount of clinical data on stretching immediately before exercise, there is much less data on stretching at other times.
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$EVWUDFW This paper reviews the first year of the creation of a publicly available treebank for Portuguese, Floresta Sintá(c)tica, a collaboration project between the VISL and the Computational Processing of Portuguese projects. After briefly describing the main goals and the organization of the project, the creation of the annotated objects is presented in detail: preparing the text to be annotated, applying the Constraint Grammar based PALAVRAS parser, revising its output manually in a two-stage process, and carefully documenting the linguistic options. Some examples of the kind of interesting problems dealt with are presented, and the paper ends with a brief description of the tools developed, the project results so far, and a mention to a preliminary inter-annotator test and what was learned from it.
Cs284 Final Project Report

Decomposition is an interesting and relevant problem because it has many practical applications, many of which have not yet been realized to their full potential. A hierarchical decomposition can calculate joints for extracting a mesh's control skeleton, which can then be used for metamorphosis and animation. The ability to identify the salient features and characteristic structure of a mesh is useful for shape-based matching and retrieval when comparing meshes. Decomposition can also accelerate the computation of bounding boxes for collision detection, and simplify texture mapping.
A thermodynamic study of albumin adsorption onto some solid surfaces.

In order to understand protein adsorption, the thermodynamic parameters were evaluated from the initial slope of the isotherms of human albumin adsorption onto glass, Biomer (a hydrophobic plyurethane), 2-600 (a hydrophilic polyurethane) and silicone surfaces. The Gibbs free energy (ΔG) values of albumin adsorption in 10 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.35 and at 23°C were -5.24, -6.46, -4.55 and -7.21kcal/mol, respectively. These values changed in 1M NaCl-10mM phosphate to -3.75, -6.99, -4.57 and -8.21kcal/mol, respectively. There was a clear influence of salt concentration on the ΔG values of albumin adsorption on glass surfaces in the range of 0-0.5M NaCl in the phosphate buffer.
Can we learn how complex systems work

Insights gleaned from scientific analysis of complex problems risk being lost unless they are successfully communicated and understood by those making decisions. Traditionally scientists have focussed on the technical analysis of the problem, and have left it to others to ensure uptake and application of their work. Yet for many years now studies across a range of disciplines have pointed to some wide-reaching and fundamental barriers to wise decision-making in complex situations. These barriers have more to do with human cognition and psychology than the physical complexity of the problem at hand. We draw on this literature and recent preliminary studies to highlight the value of scientists paying more attention not only to the dynamical analysis but also to the human, organisational and cognitive dimensions of complex problems.
-23 - Contextual Variability versus Perceptual Constancy in Speech

One of the most striking aspects of the perception of speech is the relatively great amount of perceptual constancy in the light of the enormous amount of acoustical variability in the speech sign�l. Lis­ teners are able to divide speech in discrete segments, roughly cor­ responding to phonemes (Daniloff and Hamrnarberg, 1973). This perceptual reality (1) seems to suggest an acoustical reality as well. The history of speech perception started with the search for stable acoustic correl­ ates of perceived phonetic contrasts. As far as this goal is concerned this search was rather unsuccessful. It is hard to find invariant cues for each phoneme, i.e. cues that accompany a phoneme in all accoustic­ phonetic environments. Acoustically different signals can be perceived as one and the same phoneme, as demonstrated by Liberman et al. (1967) with their well known /di/-/du/ example, in which the same /d/-percept is cued by very different transitions of the second formant. At.the same time it is possible for one acoustical signal to be perceived as differ­ ent phonemes: Liberman, Delattre and Cooper (1952) showed that the same synthetically produced burst of noise could be perceived as a /p/ or a /k/, depending on the following vowel. These facts have led to a theory of speech perception as an active process in which analysis of the con­ tinuous acoustical signal yields discrete phonetic percepts; in this view the cues to phonetic contrasts are always evaluated in the �ontext in which they occurred. Some investigators however opt for a theory of acoustical invariance (see for instance Stevens and Blumstein, 1981). Without denying the possible role of context dependent cues they claim that the acoustical invariance corresponding to a given phonetic cat­ egory is provided by the integration of several acoustic properties. Stevens and Blumstein extensively illustrate their point of view with the observation that the gross spectral properties of the initial 10-20 msec spectrum of stops provide more or less invariant information concerning the place of articulation. Toe majority of studies on all sorts of aspects of speech perception have been concerned with isolated, natural or synthetic, utterances. The underlying assumption was that the results of these studies could be generalised straightforward to the perception of natural speech. Only since the last decade an increasing number of workers in the field of speech perception seem to acknowledge that this assumption is at least Although those studies with isolated …
Dielectric properties modeling of composite materials

Tailoring dielectric properties of engineering materials has become very important since many radio wave propagation problems and remote sensing applications depend on correct values of these material properties. Prediction of material dielectric constant and loss tangent is of paramount importance. Polymer matrix composite materials are excellent candidates for these applications. In this paper analytical method for material dielectric constant and loss tangent prediction is presented. The model is experimentally verified for E-glass fibers embedded in epoxy matrix. Test results for 100 kHz to 1 MHz frequency range are presented.