Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cybernetic Systems Approaches and Language Change: The Nicaraguan Sign Language Case and Principles of Evolution

The emergence of a new sign language in Nicaragua over the past 25 years highlights selection and information as key components in language change. Theoretical perspectives informed by cybernetic systems theories, such as those put forth by anthropologist Gregory Bateson and developmental psychologist Jean Piaget identify principles common to both evolutionary and ontogenetic processes, though the expression of these principles differ in these analytically distinct processes. Unlike other approaches, cybernetic theories account for the range of interacting phenomena in several domains; environmental, biological, social and cultural (including linguistic). The history of this new sign language, including specific grammatical changes, and ethnographic observations show that cybernetic perspectives clarify factors involved. For example, borrowed linguistic forms, emerging grammatical constraints and even referential confusion during discourse are all more understandable in light of systems-level perspectives. Dan Slobin argues that older individuals have introduced the new elements in this emerging language, not children. Ann Senghas and her colleagues have argued that deaf Nicaraguan children have introduced grammar to Nicaraguan Sign Language. These seemingly opposing views can be resolved with cybernetic perspectives that account for both universal evolutionary principles and historical particularism, thereby unifying approaches to historical change and ontogenetic development—without conflating the two.
Cartographie de Textes: Une aide à l’utilisateur dans le cadre de la découverte de nouveaux domaines

Nous présentons les avancées d’un projet dans un thème que nous qualifions de Cartographie de Textes qui permet à l’utilisateur novice d’explorer un nouveau domaine par navigation au sein d’un corpus homogène grâce à des cartes conceptuelles interactives. Une carte est composée de concepts pertinents relativement à la requête initiale et à son évolution, au sein du corpus; des relations extraites du corpus les lient aux mots de la requête. Des techniques d’apprentissage automatique sont combinées avec des heuristiques statistiques de Traitement Automatique des Langues pour la mise en évidence de collocations afin de construire les cartes.
NUEVOS AVANCES VINCULADOS A LAS OCUPACIONES TEMPRANAS EN AMBIENTES LAGUNARES DEL SUDOESTE SANTAFESINO. SITIO LAGUNA EL DOCE COMO CASO DE ESTUDIO

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo exponer y discutir los nuevos avances de las investigaciones llevadas a cabo en el sitio Laguna El Doce (departamento General Lopez, provincia de Santa Fe), a fin de ampliar el estudio sobre los procesos de ocupacion de las poblaciones cazadoras-recolectoras que transitaron y se asentaron en los ambientes lagunares del sudoeste santafesino. Las tareas de prospeccion que se desarrollan desde el ano 2003 permitieron la obtencion de materiales arqueologicos, cuyos analisis radiometricos permitieron esbozar una cronologia para este sitio. En el ano 2010 se realiza un sondeo y una excavacion sistematica a fin de incorporar nueva informacion. A partir de ello se recuperaron restos oseos faunisticos, especialmente Lama guanicoe y artefactos liticos en diferentes niveles, hallandose mayor concentracion en los horizontes inferiores de la excavacion (1,50 a 2,10 m). Dicho material presenta caracteristicas similares a los recuperados en los anos anteriores en la playa de esta laguna. Con estos datos se busca discutir aspectos referidos al ambiente, eventos y tipos de ocupacion y antiguedad del sitio Laguna El Doce.
2005: The Year of the Digital Campus

A little-known fact about the Taliban is that during their temporary rule in Afghanistan, those in power ordered late 19th and early 20th century books and documents of "nonconforming" cultures to be destroyed. After the Taliban's fall three years ago, a New York University professor set out to recover these at-risk books with a team of students. Though a painstaking process, they are scanning large amounts of ancient materials into a digital library, making these once virtually inaccessible documents available on a global scale and changing history classes forever. Today, learning is no longer bound to a fixed location such as a classroom. Thanks to some innovative technology trends, the educational landscape is transforming into a "digital campus"--an information-rich and seamlessly connected environment that brings the world to a student's fingertips and lets the student move freely about the globe. This digital campus functions through the integration of a multiplicity of technologies in a unified network environment--a seamless, secure, collaborative environment for learning, achievement and administration that is available to everyone. The following are some of the benefits institutions can expect once they decide to go digital in 2005: Greater Accessibility. At the core of the digital campus is an infrastructure that enables greater reliability, greater scalability and, most important, greater access. Universities have long been looking for a more accessible way to provide educational opportunities to a larger number of people of all ages in all areas of the world; e-learning has proved to be highly successful in making this happen. By establishing e-learning as a core competency, universities are truly revolutionizing the way we teach and learn, while strengthening their own viability through increased services and lower administrative costs. Self-Service and Convenience. Through portals and single sign on, students, staff, teachers and researchers have a single point of access for all of their informational needs. Gone are the days of students carrying around admissions handbooks to track courses or showing up during office hours to pick up a copy of the class syllabus that they may have missed. Portals are now providing access to all relevant campus information at a central, convenient hub. Students can research library titles while at a cafe, register for classes from their dorm rooms, as well as stay in touch with professors and other students no matter where they are. …
La peur dans les gangs de rue : un sentiment peu connu qui colore l'expérience de leurs membres

This study exptores the life cf young members inside a Street gang, according to their point of view, white tempting to detach themselves of the fie[d of traditional study of the criminal activity. Its generaL objective is therefore to describe and te understand the experiences lived by the members cf Street gangs according to the perspective cf these, while abording a toc often forgotten emotien: the fear. The universe cf the gangs seems te be a very fertile compost to the growth cf this pewerful emoticn that can, if cne betieves some, te decide the outcome cf a war Thirteen interviews with non-guideline tendency were ted close to bey members and ex members cf gang. These meetings permitted, in a phenomenologicat setting, te investigate some aspects cf the experience cf the gangs as the processes cf affiliation te the gang cf street, the experience ef the members during the affiliation and the precess of disaffiliation, the opinion of the interviewees on this phenomenen and the pLace of the fear in their experience. The experience cf the affiliation te a gang is certainty personal te each member. The reasons ef affiliation and disaffiliation are various. t appeared, in spite cf everything, that the search of lucrative profits, of the respect of its equals and a new data, the fear, woutd know te explain severat gestures put by the members of gang. According te the interviewed, the gang’s vaLues woutd have changed. 0f unstitched groups, seme gangs woutd slip quietty teward organizations more structured turned toward making money, dragging at the same time a search ef the social conformity and a criminalization of the detinquent activities. Even the gang’s structure weutd change quickty. Therefore, it’s important te take the putse of the phenomencn te regular intervat, even though it would only be te dig deeper the understanding of it and te surrcund the motivations cf the young members who spent part of their youth and especiatty to foltow the evetution of it in order te be abte to appty better interventions.
DISMINUCIÓN DE CO MEDIANTE UN FILTRO DE MONOLITO DE CARBÓN DE LAS EMISIONES GENERADAS POR POLLERÍAS DEL CENTRO HISTÓRICO DE TRUJILLO

Las pollerías en la ciudad de Trujillo se han convertido en fuentes puntuales de contaminación del aire debido a las emisiones que generan; y al carecer de normativa que regule esta actividad no se evidencias medidas de mitigación para el problema; ante ello la presente investigación tuvo como finalidad disminuir la concentración de CO al usar un filtro de monolito de carbón activado, a base de cáscara de plátano, de las emisiones generadas por pollerías del Centro Histórico de Trujillo. Tuvo de un diseño bifactorial, en el cual se manipularon dos variables independientes aplicados en la elaboración de los monolitos de carbón: Concentración porcentual de ácido fosfórico (40%, 60% y 80%) y presión de compactación (300 psi y 600 psi). Los análisis estadísticos aplicados fueron la prueba de Wilk-Shapiro, ANOVA y la prueba Post Hoc Tukey. En la medición de las concentraciones de CO en la chimenea se usó el método establecido en la Norma Internacional de USEPA e-CFR Título 40, parte 60, Apéndice-1: Métodos 1 y el equipo de analizador de gases Testo 340-S. Finalmente se concluyó que el filtro de monolito de carbón, activado al 60% de ácido fosfórico y comprimido a 600 psi, es el que obtuvo una mejor disminución de CO (28.93%) al pasar de una concentración inicial de 877.50 ppm a 623.67 ppm de CO.
Effects of Early Acceleration of Students in Mathematics on Taking Advanced Mathematics Coursework in High School

Abstract Based on data from the Longitudinal Study of American Youth (LSAY), students were classified into high-, middle-, and low-ability students. The effects of early acceleration in mathematics on the most advanced mathematics coursework (precalculus and calculus) in high school were examined in each category. Results showed that although early acceleration did not promote the majority of accelerated students to participate in the most advanced mathematics coursework in high school, nonaccelerated students were unlikely to pursue the most advanced mathematics coursework in high school at all. Early acceleration helped encourage students from some disadvantaged backgrounds to pursue the most advanced mathematics coursework in high school. Schools mattered to early acceleration, with more incidences of statistically significant variance among schools in taking the most advanced mathematics coursework for accelerated than non-accelerated students.
A Search-based Network Architecture for Content-oriented and Opportunistic Communication

With the growth of Internet, the underlying protocols are increasingly challenged by new technologies and applications. The original Internet protocols were, however, not designed for wireless communication, mobility, long disconnection times, and varying bandwidths. In this thesis, we study challenged networking, and how well old and new protocols operate under such constraints. Our study is experimental. We build network testbeds and measure the performance of alternative protocols and architectures. We develop novel methodologies for repeatable experiments that combine emulations, simulations and real world experiments. Based on our results we suggest modifications to existing protocols, and we also develop a new network architecture that matches the constraints of a challenged network, in our case, an opportunistic network. One of our most important contributions is an Ad hoc Protocol Evaluation (APE) testbed. It has been successfully used worldwide. The key to its success is that it significantly lowers the barrier to repeatable experiments involving wireless and mobile computing devices. Using APE, we present side-by-side performance comparisons of IETF MANET routing protocols. A somewhat surprising result is that some ad hoc routing protocols perform a factor 10 worse in the testbed than predicted by a common simulation tool (ns-2). We find that this discrepancy is mainly related to the protocols’ sensing abilities, e.g., how accurately they can infer their neighborhood in a real radio environment. We propose and implement improvements to these protocols based on the results. Our novel network architecture Haggle is another important contribution. It is based on content addressing and searching. Mobile devices in opportunistic networks exchange content whenever they detect each other. We suggest that the exchange should be based on interests and searches, rather than on destination names and addresses. We argue that content binding should be done late in challenged networks, something which our search approach supports well.
Android (in) Security

We explore the Android architecture and security model, permission system and enforcement, encryption, known exploits, memory protections, data protection, device management, SELinux, as well as tools security researchers use to find Android vulnerabilities. We also focus on best practices for coding and deploying secure Android apps. Learn what to do and what not to do to keep your apps, your business, and your customers secure.
The Experience of Language Teaching

Introduction, Chapter 1: Establishing a Framework for the Book, Chapter 2: Training to be a Language Teacher, Chapter 3: Becoming a Committed Language Teacher, Chapter 4: Establishing the Learning Environment, Chapter 5: The Diversity of the Language Classroom, Chapter 6: Managing Individuals, Chapter 7: Teaching Flexibly, Chapter 8: Vitalising the Language Classroom, Chapter 9: Maintaining the Classroom Community, Chapter 10: Frustrations and Rewards, Chapter 11: What Drives Language Teachers, Chapter 12: Towards a Teacher-Generated Theory of Classroom Practice
Inteligentne hybrydowe systemy wyszukiwania informacji

Streszczenie: Istnieje wiele metod wyszukiwania informacji. Artykuł przedstawia mo żliwości połączenia tych metod i skonstruowania uniwersalnego, hybrydowego systemu wyszukiwania. W artykule zaproponowana została arch itektura personalnego agenta wyszukiwania (PAW). Posiada on cechy systemu ekspertowego, wyszukiwarki oraz agenta komputerowego. PAW pozwala na pozyskiwanie informac ji personalnych tj. numery telefonów osób znajomych. P onadto umożliwia pobieranie informacji z sieci Internet oraz s łuży do przeszukiwania zasobów Internetu w celu znalezienia informacji wskazanych przez u żytkownika, np. ksi ęgarnie internetowe oferujące ksi ążki w najniższej cenie. Personalny agent wyszukiwania rozszerza mo żliwości wyszukiwarek internetowych.
Highly linear integrated wideband amplifiers: design and analysis techniques for frequencies from audio to RF

List of Figures. Preface. 1. Introduction. 2. Integrated Transistors and Amplifiers. 3. Amplifier Linearization Techniques. 4. Advanced Feedback Techniques. 5. Output Stages. 6. Analysis and Measurement of Distortion. 7. Audio Power Amplifiers. 8. Wideband IF Amplifiers. 9. Inductorless RF CMOS Power Amplifiers. 10. Layout Aspects. Index.
Syntactic structure and silence : a minimalist theory of syntax-phonology interface

１ Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ ２ Ｐｒｏｓｏｄｉｃ Ｐｈｒａｓｉｎｇ ａｎｄ Ｂａｒｅ Ｐｈｒａｓｅ Ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ ３ Ａｎ Ａｌｔｅｒｎａｔｉｖｅ ｔｏ Ｅｎｄ‐Ｂａｓｅｄ Ｐｒｏｓｏｄｉｃ Ｔｈｅｏｒｙ ４ Ｓｐｅｅｃｈ Ｒａｔｅ ａｎｄ Ｏｐｔｉｏｎａｌ Ｐｈｒａｓｉｎｇ ５ Ｍａｐｐｉｎｇ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ Ｌｅｎｇｔｈ ｏｆ Ｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｅｎｔｓ ６ Ｐｒｏｓｏｄｙ ｉｎ Ｄｉｓｃｏｕｒｓｅ ７ Ｔｏｐｉｃ，Ｆｏｃｕｓ，ａｎｄ Ｐｈｒａｓｉｎｇ ８ Ｓｅｍａｎｔｉｃｓ ａｎｄ Ｐｒｏｓｏｄｙ ９ Ｄｅｒｉｖａｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ Ｐａｒｓｉｎｇ １０ Ｃｏｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎ
Heuristic algorithms for motion planning

Motion planning is an increasingly important field of research. Factory automation is becoming more prevalent and at the same time, production runs are shortening in the name of customisation. With computer controlled equipment becoming cheaper and more modular, setting up near-fully automated production lines is becoming fast and easy. This means that the actual programming of the robots and assembly system is becoming the rate determining step. Automated motion planning is a possible solution to this—but only if it can run fast enough. Many heuristic planners have been created in an attempt to achieve the necessary speeds in off-line (or more ambitiously, on-line) processing. This thesis aims to show that different types of heuristic planners can be designed to take advantage of specialised environments or robot characteristics. To show this, three distinct classes of heuristic planners are put forward for discussion. The first of these classes, addressed in Chapter 2, is of very generic planners which will work in virtually all situations (ie. almost any combination of robot and environment). This generality is obviously useful when lacking more specific domain knowledge. However these methods do suffer performance-wise in comparison with more specialised planners when there are characteristics of the problem which can be targeted. Chapter 3 moves to planners which are designed to specifically address certain peculiarities of the environment. Particular focus is given to environments whose corresponding configuration-spaces contain narrow gaps and passages. Finally Chapter 4 addresses a third class of planners: those which are designed for specific types of robots and movements. The particular focus is on locomotion for legged vehicles. For each of these three classes, some discussion is made of existing planners which can be so characterised. In addition, a novel algorithm is introduced in each as an example for particular consideration.
Rare and Frequent N-grams in Whole-genome Protein Sequences

The precise relationship between a primary protein sequence, its three-dimensional structure and its function in a complex cellular environment is one of the most fundamental unanswered questions in biology. Unprecedented amounts of genomic and proteomic data create an opportunity for attacking the sequence-structure-function mapping problem with data-driven methods. The mapping of biological sequences to form and function of proteins is conceptually similar to the mapping of words to meaning. This analogy is being studied by a growing body of research ([1] and pointers thereof). Thus, n-gram analysis (statistical analysis of co-occurrence of words in a text) has found applications to biological sequences, using various types of “vocabulary”, for example nucleotides and amino acids. Here, we investigate n-gram statistics in whole-genome sequences to address the following questions: How characteristic is the amino acid n-gram distribution for specific organisms? Do different organisms tend to use different “phrases”? What is the “meaning” of a rare sequence in a protein? The long-term goal is to provide a useful starting point to derive language models with defined vocabulary and phrase preferences and grammatical rules for protein sequences of different organisms.
Towards real-time imaging: a literature study on fast imaging by undersampling and smart reconstruction

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive imaging modality. Unlike Computed Tomography (CT), MRI does not use ionizing radiation. Over the years, MRI has improved dramatically in both imaging quality and imaging speed. This revolutionized the field of diagnostic medicine. However, imaging speed, which is essential to many of the MRI applications, remains a major challenge. Imaging speed can be improved by faster collection of data. This can be achieved by using sophisticated non-Cartesian k-space trajectories. Popular non-Cartesian schemes include encoding along a radial line or spirals. The point has nearly been reached in which fundamental physical and physiological effects limits the ability to simply encode data more quickly. This fundamental limit has led many researchers to look for methods to reduce the amount of acquired data without degrading image quality. In order to address this issue, various reconstruction techniques have been proposed; in this paper three of them are discussed. Beginning with SENSE(proposed in 1997), followed by k-t BLAST/k-t SENSE, nonlinear inverse reconstruction and ending with a combination of techniques very recently proposed(August 2010). We will also evaluate two of the three above mentioned techniques with one application i.e. cardiac cine imaging. ∗UMC, Image Science Institute
DAFS Storage for High Performance Computing Using MPI-I/O: Design and Experience

Abstract : A key goal of this effort is to demonstrate and develop heterogeneous and distributed computing technologies that are applicable to DoD and scientific communities, while maintaining and benefiting from industry standards that could be applied to high performance computing. High performance computing systems based on clusters of compute nodes, connected via a high speed interconnect, are becoming popular for large-scale parallel applications, forming a highly scalable infrastructure. Most large-scale scientific applications are highly I/O-centric and have a tremendous need for a similarly scalable file I/O subsystem. DAFS is a well-defined highperformance protocol for file access across a network as well as set of APIs, uDAFS, for user level OS-bypassing application programming, designed to take advantage of RDMA-based transports, such as Virtual Interface Architecture (VIA), InfiniBand Architecture1, and iWARP.
Descriptions: A Basis for Memory Acquisition and Retrieval

Abstract : This paper postulates that the processes of memory retrieval operate upon descriptions which provide an initial specification of the information being sought, guide the memory search process, and help determine the criteria for verification of whatever information is retrieved. Descriptions provide a basis for a set of iterative processes for both memory acquisition and retrieval. In acquisition, memory descriptions and records can be elaborated in ways intended to aid later retrieval. In retrieval, the initial description of the information sought can be modified as intermediate information becomes available during the retrieval cycle. Two important aspects of memory descriptions are discriminability and recoverability: their ability to discriminate among all possible records in memory and the likelihood that they can be recovered at the time retrieval is required. An analysis using descriptions provides a consistent interpretation of a number of different memory phenomena, including depth of processing, some interference phenomena, accessibility and encoding specificity, mnemonics, and some properties of naturalistic recall.
Improving pupils' attitude to English learning and cultural understanding through email exchange : an action research project in a secondary school in Taiwan

Electronic mail (e-mail) has been widely used in communication for many years. The main purpose of this action research was to explore whether utilizing an email exchange project can enhance secondary school pupils’ motivation and attitude to language learning and improve their intercultural learning. This was a collaborative intercultural email exchange project between two secondary schools, one in north east of Taiwan and another one in the USA. The researcher sought to identify the attitudes of and concepts of learners and teachers towards the email exchange. This study adopted qualitative and quantitative methods. However, there was more focus on qualitative data in order to determine if the project improved the pupils’ attitude to learning English and develop their intercultural communicative competence. In order to ensure trustworthiness, multiple data collection instruments were employed in this study. The findings show that using e-mail can benefit pupils in their language and intercultural learning. The study examines outcomes and factors that made the project successful. It sets the research in the context of a theoretical framework and Taiwan education policy and suggestions for further work and research of this kind. The limitations of this study are also discussed.