Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NMR-Relaxometer for Diagnosis and Control of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Parameters (Urea and Creatinine)

Determination of disease stages and control of changes in blood and plasma during kidney injury (KJ) cure can be done using nuclear (proton) magnetic resonance (NMR) parameters dependences from physical-chemical parameters of blood changes. NMR spectroscopy allows the monitoring of molecular recognition processes in solution. For realization of this approach the low field NMR relaxometer was elaborated. Measurements of relaxation parameters were performed. Dependences of relaxation times Т2А from urea and serum creatinine were received.
Hot-electron-temperature relaxation time in a two-dimensional electron gas: AlGaN/GaN at 80 K

The electron temperature method is developed for a high-density two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). The relation of electronic noise and transport properties is obtained in the case of weakly inelastic scattering without considering the scattering mechanisms in detail. The method is applied to consider the experimental data on AlGaN/GaN 2DEG channels. The electron-temperature relaxation time and its dependence on electric field are extracted from the current–voltage and noise–voltage characteristics measured for two-terminal samples at 80 K. The method works in the field range up to 3 kV/cm in the considered 2DEG channels. In this range of fields, the electron temperature reaches 350 K, and the electron–temperature relaxation time diminishes from 5 ps at low fields to 0.4 ps at 3 kV/cm.
QSAR Analysis of 2,3‐Diaryl Benzopyrans/Pyrans as Selective COX‐2 Inhibitors Based on Semiempirical AM1 Calculations

Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis was performed on a combined series of 2,3 diaryl benzopyrans and pyrans for their cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition. QSAR investigations based on semiempirical, Austin Model-1 (AM1) calculations reveal that electronic and hydophobic interactions are primarily responsible for COX-2 enzyme-ligand interaction. The derived QSAR model aided by residual analysis demonstrated that the COX-2 inhibitory activity is highly correlated with the electronic descriptors, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (E L U M O ), Dipole-Z and hydrophobicity of the molecules. The conclusion can be drawn that more hydrophobic, electron-withdrawing substituents at 3 r d aromatic ring of the lead structure improves activity. The lesser the Z component the ligand has, the more correct its orientation towards the COX-2 binding site. The derived QSAR model shows good internal (exemplified through leave one out-q 2 = 0.786) and external (r 2 p r e d = 0.5737) predictive ability for a test set and can be used in designing better selective COX-2 inhibitors among these congeners in future.
In Pursuit of Zero: Polymer Brushes that Resist the Adsorption of Proteins

Protein resistant or “non‐fouling” surfaces are of great interest for a variety of biomedical and biotechnology applications. This article briefly reviews the development of protein resistant surfaces, followed by recent research on a new methodology to fabricate non‐fouling surfaces by surface‐initiated polymerization. We show that polymer brushes synthesized by surface‐initiated polymerization that present short oligo(ethylene glycol) side chains are exceptionally resistant to protein adsorption and cell adhesion. The importance of the protein and cell resistance conferred by these polymer brushes is illustrated by their use as substrates for the fabrication of antibody microarrays that exhibit femtomolar limits of detection in complex fluids such as serum and blood with relaxed requirements for intermediate wash steps. This example highlights the important point that the reduction in background noise afforded by protein‐resistant surfaces can greatly simplify the development of ultrasensitive heterogeneous, surface‐based clinical and proteomic assays with increased sensitivity and utility.
Viscosity and Surface Tension of Al and Effects of Additional Element

Aluminum foam metal was produced directly from the foaming method. In this foaming process, the surface tension and the viscosity of molten Al that were measured by the ring method and the rotational method, respectively, and are the two most important factors. The surface tension and the viscosity were investigated at the temperature range of 660-950 °C and the effects of the additional Ca were investigated at the same temperature range. The measured surface tension of the molten Al decreased linearly with the increasing temperature of Ar atmosphere and 1 atm. It follows the function of σ(T)=842-0.204(T-T m )[mNm -1 ]. The viscosity of the molten Al ranged from 3.7 to 4.5[mPa.s] in the temperature range. The effect of additional Ca elements is that the tendency is decreased from the surface tension and increased from the viscosity. The surface tension value was σ 2Ca =530[mNm -1 ] and viscosity value was η 2Ca =14[mPa.s] at the temperature of 700°C, respectively, when adding 2wt% of Ca.
Contents of phytosterols and oxyphytosterols in soybean oil with different addition of sea buckthorn seed oil after thermal processing

The aim of the study was to determine contents of phytosterol and oxyphytosterols in soybean oil and soybean oil with the addition of sea buckthorn seed oil after thermal processing, and to assay the oxidative stability of the oils. The analysis verified that the thermal processing of soybean oil at 120°C induced a decrease in total phytosterols (phytosterols concentration was reduced by 5.2 to 21.0%) and formation of the following phytosterol oxidation products: 7-ketositosterol, 1α,6α-epoxysitosterol, 7-ketocampesterol, 5α,6α-epoxycampestero). 7-ketostigmasterol, and 5α,6α-epoxystigmasterol. The content of phytosterol oxidation products (POPs) increased with the higher sea buckthorn seed oil addition to soybean oil (from 1.2 mg/100 g in soybean oil with 1% addition of sea buckthorn oil to 11.4 mg/100 g in soybean oil with 5% addition of sea buckthorn oil) during Rancimat test.
Some considerations of the origin of nighttime peroxy radicals

The chemical amplifier (CA) was used to measure the concentration of the peroxy radicals present in the nighttime atmosphere at the Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO) during the Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment (MLOPEX 2) from April 15 to May 15, 1992. Simultaneous measurements were also made of peroxy radicals using a modified OH instrument during one period of 56-hour duration. Both instruments observe experimentally significant nighttime signals, but the magnitude of the larger CA signal appears to result from organic peroxy radicals to which the modified OH instrument is insensitive. The data from about one half of the nights showed a decay of the radical signal from 2000 to 0400 HST the next morning. The decay rates followed roughly those expected for primary or secondary alkyl peroxy radicals. However, data from the other half of nights showed an increase in radical concentration with time, which reflected significant radical generation rates. Several alternatives are considered in explanation of the results. (1) The possible origin of the signals from the interference of HO 2 NO 2 , presumably transported from reservoirs at higher elevations, was considered. The data are inconclusive, and this hypothesis is tentatively rejected. (2) The nighttime chemistry of the O 3 and NO 3 was also considered. The observed trace gases provide in theory only a small fraction of the peroxy radical signal seen on many nights. However, the presence of 1-30 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) of CH 3 SCH 3 , a compound not measured but expected to be present at MLO, can react with NO 3 to produce peroxy radical signals of the magnitude observed. It is concluded that this ubiquitous compound over the oceans offers the best current hypothesis to rationalize the nighttime generation of peroxy radicals at MLO.
Disinfecting Water With a Mixture of Free Chlorine and an Organic N-Halamine

It has been demonstrated that a mixture of free chlorine and 3-chloro-4,4-dimethyl-2oxazolidinone (compound I) is an effective water disinfectant. A small amount of free chlorine in the mixture provides rapid initial disinfection, with a larger amount of compound I maintaining disinfection efficacy over a long period of time. The mixtures used in this study disinfected against several challenges of Staphylococcus aureus for 30 or more days. In some cases the actions of the free chlorine and compound I may have been synergistic.
81Br NQR and 119Sn Mössbauer Study for MSnBr3 (M=Cs and CH3NH3)

Successive phase transitions were observed for CsSnBr3 and CH3NH3SnBr3 by means of 81Br NQR and DTA. These compounds are isomorphous with each other and have typical cubic perovskite structures at room temperature. However, with decreasing temperature both compounds showed successive phase transitions and complex 81Br NQR spectra at 77 K. In the case of CH3NH3SnBr3, both 81Br NQR and 119Sn Mossbauer spectra changed markedly with decreasing temperature from those at room temperature. These findings suggested a large distortion of the SnBr6 octahedron from the regular one and were interpreted on the basis of the three-center-four-electron bond model. In relation to these structural changes, a broad-line 1H NMR experiment on CH3NH3SnBr3 was also observed in order to determine the effect of the dynamic properties of the cation.
Important issues in high - current plasma experiments of the Z - pinch type

The term “linear Z-pinch” is used to denote the effect of a radial compression of the plasma column by an azimuthal magnetic field generated by the current flowing through this column. Unfortunately, the Z-pinch column is prone to various magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities. In particular, a small local narrowing developes into the so-called sausage instability (m = 0), while a small bending leads to the strong “kink instability” (m = 1), as shown in Fig. 1. Linear or quasi-linear Z-pinch discharges are observed in nature, e.g. as intense lightnings, as well as in various laboratory experiments, as presented in Fig. 2. In fact a dense Z-pinch (DZP) was one of the earliest plasma-confinement schemes examined in the quest for controlled thermonuclear fusion. The research on controlled thermonuclear fusion started in early 1950’s with experiments involving Z-pinches in deuterium. These experiments were launched almost simultaneously with the effort to construct a thermonuclear weapon (H-bomb), in which self-sustained fusion reactions occurred on a much larger scale. Thermonuclear weapons were tested successfully in the period 1952–1953, but the controlled fusion to be much more difficult to master, despite the fact that apart from the DZP scheme many other approaches were investigated [38, 57]. First observations of the D-D fusion reaction Important issues in high-current plasma experiments of the Z-pinch type Marek J. Sadowski, Marek Scholz
A system for wear prediction in lubricated sliding contacts

A system of analysis is developed to predict the rate of wear in sliding contacts. The essence of the approach is the proposal that the rate of wear can be predicted only in probabilistic terms. Therefore, the estimation of the probability of wear, which can be regarded as synonymous with the probability of surface asperity contacts, precedes the calculation of the wear rate. Further, recognising the fact that wear takes place within the actual area of contact, it is argued that this area consists of plastic and elastic contacts between asperities which, in turn, have different shear strengths and contribute differently to the wear process. In the case of lubricated contact, a frictional film defect represents the influence of a lubricant on the wear process. Moreover, as in this type of contact the load is supported by both lubricating film and contacting asperities, a special procedure is provided to estimate the load supported by the asperities, because it is only that part of the load which contributes to the wear. The catastrophic form of wear in lubricated contacts, that is termed ‘scuffing’, is also considered, and the probability of scuffing, under a given set of operating conditions, is estimated. The predictive system has been tested and its predictions are compared with available experimental results.
Spatial and temporal variation of anthropogenic black carbon emissions in China for the period 1980–2009

Abstract. Multi-year inventories of anthropogenic black carbon emissions, including both fuel consumption and biomass open burning, at a high spatial resolution of 0.25°×0.25° have been constructed in China using GIS methodology for the period 1980–2009, based on official statistical data and time-varying emission factors. Results show that black carbon emissions increased from 0.87 Tg in 1980 to 1.88 Tg in 2009 with a peak in about 1995, and had been continually increasing in the first decade of the 21 century. Residential contribution to the total BC emissions declined from 82.03% in 1980 to 42.33% in 2009 at a continuous diminishing trend, but had always been the dominant contributor in China. While contributions from industry and transportation sectors had increased notably. BC emissions were mainly concentrated in the central eastern districts, the three northeastern provinces and the Sichuan Basin, covering 22.30% of China's territory, but were responsible for 43.02%, 50.47%, 50.69% and 54.30% of the national black carbon emissions in 1985, 1995, 2005 and 2009, respectively. Besides, China made up 70%–85% of BC emissions in East Asia, half of the emissions in Asia, and accounted for averagely 18.97% of the global BC emissions during the estimation period.
UTILIZATION OF THYMUS VULGARIS L. IN THE PRODUCTION OF SUCUK

Effects of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) on analytical, microbiological and sensory properties of sucuk (Turkish dry-fermented sausage) were investigated. Thyme was added to sucuk batter at the levels of 0, 1, 3 and 5%. Analyses were carried out on 0, 3, 7, 10 and 14 days of the ripening period. While the level of thyme did not have a significant effect (P > 0.05) on moisture, L* value, and lactic acid bacteria counts, it had a significant effect on +a* value (P < 0.01); and on pH, +b* value, and Micrococcus/Staphylococcus counts (P < 0.05). Ripening period had a significant effect (P < 0.01) on moisture, pH, L* and +b* values and lactic acid bacteria counts, and a significant effect (P < 0.05) on +a* value and Micrococcus/Staphylococcus counts of sucuk. Thyme was most effective when added to the sucuk batter at the level of 1%. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Plants are generally used in meat preparation and marinating. Thyme is one of the most commonly used one in Turkey. The addition of thyme to meat provides not only some advantages such as physical and microbiological properties but also production of new product in meat science. In the present study, the possible use of thyme in Turkish dry-fermented sausage (sucuk) was investigated.
An anomalous racemate of naringenin at 120 K

Unlike a previously reported structure for racemic naringenin [systematic name: 2,3-di­hydro-5,6-di­hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy­phenyl)-4H-1-benzo­pyran-4-one], C15H12O5, both S and R enantiomers appear to occupy somewhat randomly the four crystallographic sites of the unit cell in an approximate 3:1/1:3 ratio.
Photoelectron imaging of negative ions

This article provides an overview of some of the recent advances in the rapidly growing field of negative-ion photoelectron imaging spectroscopy. Setting the work that spans several projects in the authors’ laboratory in broader context, three types of measurements are described. First are the ‘static’ (one-photon) photoelectron imaging experiments that aim to characterize the electronic structure and photodetachment dynamics of negative ions, providing ‘signatures’ of the bound electron orbitals. The experimental results are presented alongside a conceptual symmetry-based description of the photodetachment processes, enabling a qualitative interpretation of the photoelectron images. Second, the effects of solvation on the electronic structure and photodetachment dynamics are examined using photoelectron imaging of cluster anions. Third, the time-resolved experiments that target imaging of bond dissociation, as viewed from the electronic perspective along the time-resolved reaction coordinate, are described in the context of dual centre interference in molecular-anion photodetachment.
Microbially-enhanced chemisorption of heavy metals : A method for the bioremediation of solutions containing long-lived isotopes of neptunium and plutonium

Immobilized cells of a Citrobacter sp. removed neptunium and plutonium negligibly from solution using an established technique that used biologically-produced phosphate ligand (Pi) for metal phosphate bioprecipitation. Removal of these transuranic radionuclides was enhanced by prior exposure of the biomass to lanthanum in the presence of organophosphate substrate to form cell-bound LaPO4. Polyacrylamide gel-immobilized cells removed little Np and Pu per se, but preloaded LaPO4 promoted the removal of Np and Pu upon subsequent challenge in a flow-through column. Approximately 2 μg of Np was loaded per 1 mL, column, when the experiments were stopped after 10 mL, with maintenance of approximately 90% removal of the input metal. Transuranic element removal by this technique, generically described as microbially-enhanced chemisorption of heavy metals (MECHM), is via a hybrid of bioaccumulative and chemisorptive mechanisms.
Impurity engineering for germanium-doped Czochralski silicon wafer used for ultra large scale integrated circuit

Internal gettering (IG) technology has been challenged by both the reduction of thermal budget during device fabrication and the enlargement of wafer diameter. Improving the properties of Czochralski (Cz) silicon wafers by intentional impurity doping, the so-called ‘impurity engineering (IE)’, is defined. Germanium has been found to be one of the important impurities for improving the internal gettering effect in Cz silicon wafer. In this paper, the investigations on IE involved with the conventional furnace anneal based denudation processing for germanium-doped Cz silicon wafer are reviewed. Meanwhile, the potential mechanisms of germanium effects for the IE of Cz silicon wafer are also interpreted based on the experimental facts. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of Treatment with Concentrated Sulfuric Acid and a Homogenizer, and Temperature at Germination and Storage on Seed Germination in Eight Pelargonium Species

the case of scarification by a homogenizer, with 5 (cid:1) 10 min of treatment these two species both absorbed sufficient water and showed high germination rates. However, as the degree of seed hardness considerably differs among species (strains), it will be necessary to treat them accordingly in regard to length of treatment time. Germination was more effective when seed treated with concentrated H 2 SO 4 or homogenizer was sown on vermiculite beds, compared with in petri dishes. The seeds of P. appendiculatum are not much harder than those of other Pelargonium species, and were germinated slowly at 10 (cid:1) 15°C, after which healthy seedlings could be obtained. Regarding the other 5 species used in this trial, the germination rates were extremely haphazard according to species and sowing date (0 (cid:1) 100%), indicating that plants under natural conditions need seed with the diversity to adapt to intense environmental changes.
PRODUCTION OF A LOW COST FISH DIET BY USING POULTRY BY-PRODUCTS RESIDUES

This study aimed to produce a low cost fish diet through using levels of poultry by-products meal in diets of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The experiments were carried out through 90 days and included five treatments of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% poultry by-products. The highest weight gain WG (59.84 g) was recorded for fish fed on the control diet followed by those fed on the diet 25% (53.37 g), 50% (52.98 g), 75% (48.46g) and 100% (46.22 g) replacement, respectively. The differences in weight gain among the different fry groups were significant (P<0.05) and the same trend was observed for specific growth rate SGR. The average feed intake, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio of Nile tilapia were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the incorporation of poultry by-products meal as a substitute of fish meal. The results of this study showed that moisture in whole fish body ranged between 77.40 and 80.55% with insignificant differences. Crude protein ranged between 61.70 and 64.44%, ether extract ranged between 15.50 to 17.73% and ash from 17.84 to 22.43% with significant differences for ether extract and protein content of whole fish bodies. Feed cost decreased as inclusion levels of poultry by-products meal increased. Costs were (6020, 5330, 4640 and 3950 LE/Mg) at fish fed on diets contain (25, 50, 75 and 100% of poultry by-products meal respectively) compared with those fed on the control diet (6660 LE/Mg). In conclusion, replacing up to 50% of fish meal by poultry by-products meal did not affect growth performance and feed utilization for tilapia. The higher replacing levels (75 or 100%) significantly adverse growth and feed utilization parameters.
Temperature-dependent properties of telechelic hydrophobically modified poly(N-isopropylacrylamides) in water: Evidence from light scattering and fluorescence spectroscopy for the formation of stable mesoglobules at elevated temperatures

The self-assembling properties of hydrophobically modified (HM) telechelic poly(N-isopropylacrylamides) (PNIPAM) were studied in aqueous solutions of concentration ranging from 0.1 to 11 g L-1 by fluorescence spectroscopy, using N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine as a probe, and by static (SLS) and dynamic (DLS) light scattering over a temperature domain encompassing their cloud point (Tcp) and coil-to-globule transition temperature (TM). The telechelic HM−PNIPAM samples bear n-octadecyl termini, and their molar mass (Mn) ranges from 12 000 to 49 000 g mol-1 with a polydispersity index lower than 1.20. In cold aqueous solution, the HM−PNIPAM samples associate in the form of flower micelles (10.8 < RH < 17.5 nm, RG/RH ≅ 1.3−1.5) consisting of ≅16−27 polymer chains, depending on their molecular weight. In solutions heated under equilibrium conditions above TM, individual flower micelles with collapsed loops associate to form stable mesoglobules (RG/RH ∼ 0.80) comprising a few hundreds chains with a more rigid and mor.
Vibrational mode selectivity in the unimolecular decomposition of CH2NNO2

Vibrational mode selectivity has been investigated for the unimolecular decomposition of methylene nitramine (MN), CH2NNO2, by using classical trajectories computed on a (previously reported) potential‐energy surface (PES) that is based on ab initio results. The PES allows for the two known primary decomposition pathways: (I) N–N bond scission to form H2CN and NO2 and (II) concerted molecular elimination giving HONO and HCN. Of particular interest in this study is the influence of selective vibrational mode excitations on the rates and branching of the decomposition via the competing reaction channels, which have barrier heights that differ by only 2 kcal/mol. Rates were computed for 57.7 kcal/mol above the zero‐point energy for initial conditions corresponding to overtone excitations of each of the 15 normal modes. In each case, zero‐point energy was assigned to each of the normal modes, and then one of the modes was assigned 57.7 kcal/mol excitation energy giving a total of 85.0 kcal/mol. One calculatio.