Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cycle-Trend Dichotomy of the Dutch Disease Phenomenon

This paper aims to study the simultaneous effects of Dutsh Disease (DD) phenomenon on the industrial and agricultural sectors for five oilexporting countries with different development levels. To proceed, we propose to study the dynamic relationship between oil rent, industrial added value and agricultural added value in a structural multivariate framework. The idea is to capture both short and long term dynamics of this relationship, by performing the model’s cycle-trend dichotomy using SVECM approach. The results have shown that the DD phenomenon effects both agricultural and industrial sectors in the considered countries with one exception for each sector. The impacts and adverse effects that might have the DD phenomenon on each sector accordingly whether it is permanent or transient, depend on the economy nature and the strategy adopted. The findings confirmed that the DD phenomenon affecting the industrial sector ephemerally however the agricultural sector is rather being affected in the long term.The results also, have indicated that developing countries notably Morocco, is model to consolidate, and that the case of great emerging countr
A brief introduction to Loop Quantum Cosmology

In recent years, Loop Quantum Gravity has emerged as a solid candidate for a nonperturbative quantum theory of General Relativity. It is a background independent theory based on a description of the gravitational field in terms of holonomies and fluxes. In order to discuss its physical implications, a lot of attention has been paid to the application of the quantization techniques of Loop Quantum Gravity to symmetry reduced models with cosmological solutions, a line of research that has been called Loop Quantum Cosmology. We summarize its fundamentals and the main differences with respect to the more conventional quantization approaches employed in cosmology until now. In addition, we comment on the most important results that have been obtained in Loop Quantum Cosmology by analyzing simple homogenous and isotropic models. These results include the resolution of the classical big‐bang singularity, which is replaced by a quantum bounce.
Analytic results for the one-loop NMHV Hqqgg amplitude

We compute the one-loop amplitude for a Higgs boson, a quark-antiquark pair and a pair of gluons of negative helicity, i.e. for the next-to-maximally helicity violating (NMHV) case, (H,1−,2q+,3g−,4g−). The calculation is performed using an effective Lagrangian which is valid in the limit of very large top quark mass. As a result of this paper all amplitudes for the transition of a Higgs boson into 4 partons are now known analytically at one-loop order.
Strategies for Reducing Nurses' Turnover in Specialty Care Clinics

Strategies for Reducing Nurses’ Turnover in Specialty Care Clinics by Lawrence Benjamin MSc, University of Liverpool, 2016 BSc, University of Guyana, 1994 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Business Administration Walden University August 2019 Abstract The nursing shortage and high turnover rates are a problem in Canada and the world over. The purpose of this single case study was to explore leadership strategies that nurse leaders in specialty care clinics in Canada use to reduce nurse turnover. The participants were 7 nurse leaders from a single organization with specialty care clinics across Canada who all had above average nurse retention rates when compared to the caseThe nursing shortage and high turnover rates are a problem in Canada and the world over. The purpose of this single case study was to explore leadership strategies that nurse leaders in specialty care clinics in Canada use to reduce nurse turnover. The participants were 7 nurse leaders from a single organization with specialty care clinics across Canada who all had above average nurse retention rates when compared to the case organization’s average nurse retention rate. The authentic leadership theory was the conceptual framework. Data sources for this study were company documents, participants’ semistructured interview responses, member checking of the interviews, and reflexive journal notes. Methodological triangulation was used to enhance validity. Data were analyzed using Yin’s 5-step approach to qualitative data analysis. Data analysis yielded 4 categories of strategy themes for reducing nurse turnover: moral perspective, self-awareness, relational transparency, and balanced processing. The results of this study have the potential for positive social change in specialty care by providing senior leadership and nurse leaders of specialty care clinics with strategies that can contribute to nurse-retention initiatives. The availability of more nurses might improve the outcomes of patients who depend on these clinics for their regular infusion of specialty medicines to treat their critical illnesses, such as cancer or rare genetic diseases, where delay in treatment due to the unavailability of nurses can result in adverse consequences for
Effects of insects on primary production in temperate herbaceous communities: a meta‐analysis

Abstract. 1. The effects of insects on primary production in temperate herbaceous communities were investigated in a meta‐analysis. The following hypotheses were tested: (1) the effect of insects on primary production depends on community type, (2) the effect of insects on primary production varies as a function of productivity, (3) insects have a greater effect on primary production in communities with low species diversity, and (4) insects have a larger effect on primary production during outbreaks.
LINKING SOIL PROPERTIES TO PERMITTIVITY DATA : BEYOND THE REFRACTIVE INDEX MODEL

The availability of reliable constitutive models linking the bulk electric properties of porous media to their inner structure is a key requirement for useful quantitative applications of non invasive methods. In this paper we focus on the use of dielectric measurements for (timelapse) monitoring of fluid saturation changes in porous materials, e.g. via Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) or ground penetrating radar (GPR). A number of empirical, semiempirical and theoretical relationships have been proposed, linking the bulk dielectric constant with volumetric water content. Among the most popular are mixing models that involve some form of weighted average of the dielectric constants of the components. One such model, named CRIM (complex refractive index model) has found extensive application in recent years. In this paper we first analyze the characteristics of the CRIM by means of theoretical considerations. Next, we use pore-scale modelling and experimental results to show other characteristics of the CRIM, and in particular the dependence of its parameters on dielectric properties of the components, as well as on porosity. We then proceed to assess the robustness of the identification of CRIM parameters in presence of synthetic data error, concluding that CRIM parameters cannot, in general, be independently identified on the basis of bulk dielectric constant versus moisture content data. A novel theoretical model for the dielectric response of saturated porous media is proposed in the second section. The new constitutive relationship incorporates the theoretical link with Archie’s law as well as a combination of the well established Hashin and Shtrikman bounds. The proposed model is shown to be able to match both experimental and pore-scale modelling data with no use of adhoc fitting parameters.
Rotational and divergent kinetic energy in the mesoscale model ALADIN

Kinetic energy spectra from the mesoscale numerical weather prediction (NWP) model ALADIN with horizontal resolution 4.4 km are split into divergent and rotational components which are then compared at horizontal scales below 300 km and various vertical levels. It is shown that about 50% of kinetic energy in the free troposphere in ALADIN is divergent energy. The percentage increases towards 70% near the surface and in the upper troposphere towards 100 hPa. The maximal percentage of divergent energy is found at stratospheric levels around 100 hPa and at scales below 100 km which are not represented by the global models. At all levels, the divergent energy spectra are characterised by shallower slopes than the rotational energy spectra, and the difference increases as horizontal scales become larger. A very similar vertical distribution of divergent energy is obtained by using the standard ALADIN approach for the computation of spectra based on the extension zone and by applying detrending approach commonly used in mesoscale NWP community.
Affective Instability and Alcohol Consumption: Ecological Momentary Assessment in an Adult Sample.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine associations between three measures of affective instability (total affective instability [i.e., the sum of negative and positive affective instability], negative affective instability, and positive affective instability) and the likelihood and quantity of alcohol consumption in an adult community sample, within and between subjects. METHOD Following an ecological momentary assessment protocol, 162 adults from the community (109 women, ages 20-50 years old, M = 36.07, SD = 9.23) reported their affect and alcohol consumption 10 times a day for 7 consecutive days on their smartphones. RESULTS Within subjects, total affective instability was positively associated with likelihood and quantity of alcohol consumption. Separately, negative and positive affective instability were not associated with likelihood or quantity of alcohol consumption at the within-subject level. Total, negative, and positive affective instability were associated with neither likelihood nor quantity of alcohol consumption at the between-subject level. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that consuming alcohol in response to affective instability was a within-person process, and that higher than a person's average levels of negative and positive affective instability may have a cumulative effect. Personalized interventions should identify days when affective instability is elevated and provide alternative, adaptive strategies for coping with emotional dysregulation. These interventions need to target instability in both negative and positive affect to counter their cumulative effect on alcohol consumption.
Genetic rescue by distant trees mitigates qualitative pollen limitation imposed by fine‐scale spatial genetic structure

Restricted seed dispersal frequently leads to fine‐scale spatial genetic structure (i.e., FSGS) within plant populations. Depending on its spatial extent and the mobility of pollinators, this inflated kinship at the immediate neighbourhood can critically impoverish pollen quality. Despite the common occurrence of positive FSGS within plant populations, our knowledge regarding the role of long‐distance pollination preventing reproductive failure is still limited. Using microsatellite markers, we examined the existence of positive FSGS in two low‐density populations of the tree Pyrus bourgaeana. We also designed controlled crosses among trees differing in their kinship to investigate the effects of increased local kinship on plant reproduction. We used six pollination treatments and fully monitored fruit production, fruit and seed weight, proportion of mature seeds per fruit, and seed germination. Our results revealed positive FSGS in both study populations and lower fruit initiation in flowers pollinated with pollen from highly‐genetically related individuals within the neighbourhood, with this trend intensifying as the fruit development progressed. Besides, open‐pollinated flowers exhibited lower performance compared to those pollinated by distant pollen donors, suggesting intense qualitative pollen limitation in natural populations. We found positive fine‐scale spatial genetic structure is translated into impoverished pollen quality from nearby pollen donors which negatively impacts the reproductive success of trees in low‐density populations. Under this scenario of intrapopulation genetic rescue by distant pollen donors, the relevance of highly‐mobile pollinators for connecting spatially and genetically distant patches of trees may be crucial to safeguarding population recruitment.
Structure-Reactivity Relationships on Substrates and Inhibitors of the Lysine Deacylase Sirtuin 2 from Schistosoma Mansoni (SmSirt2).

The only drug currently available for treatment of the neglected disease Schistosomiasis is Praziquantel, and the possible emergence of resistance makes research on novel therapeutic agents necessary and urgent. To this end, the targeting of Schistosoma mansoni epigenetic enzymes, which regulate the parasitic life cycle, emerged as promising approach. Due to the strong effects of human Sirtuin inhibitors on parasite survival and reproduction, Schistosoma sirtuins were postulated as potential therapeutic targets. In vitro testing of synthetic substrates of S. mansoni Sirtuin 2 (SmSirt2) and kinetic experiments on a myristoylated peptide demonstrated lysine long chain deacylation as an intrinsic SmSirt2 activity in addition to its known deacetylase activity for the first time. Focused in vitro screening of the GSK Kinetobox library and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of identified hits, led to the first SmSirt2 inhibitors with activity in the low micromolar range. Several SmSirt2 inhibitors showed potency against both larval schistosomes (viability) and adult worms (pairing, egg laying) in culture without general toxicity to human cancer cells.
Episodic seafloor mud brecciation due to great subduction zone earthquakes

The Nankai Trough off southwest Japan has an ∼1300 yr historical record of great earthquakes, including the most recent, the A.D. 1944 Tonankai (M = 8.2) earthquake. Evaluation of the activity of an individual submarine fault is difficult when only onland observations are available. Submarine core records can pinpoint individual fault activity. Here we present Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Nankai Trough Seismogenic Zone Experiment data from the shallow portion. IODP Expedition 316 drilled and cored several holes in the shallow portion of the offshore Tonankai earthquake area, including sites in the hanging wall of a margin-dominating splay fault that has previously been interpreted to have ruptured coseismically during megathrust earthquakes. X-ray computed tomography scanning revealed that the uppermost core at one site contains repeated occurrences of mud breccia. Radioisotope dating of the uppermost mud breccia indicates a deposition time consistent with the 1944 Tonankai earthquake, suggesting that the mud-breccia layers result from episodic brecciation caused by seismic shaking. Mud brecciation provides a potential new tool to reconstruct ancient earthquake history in subduction zones.
Gold Catalyst-Assisted Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition of Bi-Te-Ni-Cu-Au Complex Thermoelectric Materials on Anodic Aluminum Oxide Nanoporous Template

Complex materials have unique thermal and electron transport properties. In this work, a novel catalyst-assisted metal organic chemical vapor deposition approach was employed to make Bi-Te-Ni-Cu-Au complex materials on an anodic aluminum oxide nanoporous substrate. Nickel acetate, copper nitrate, bismuth acetate, and tellurium (IV) chloride dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) were used as the metal sources for Ni, Bi, Cu, and Te, respectively. Hydrogen was used as the carrier gas. The anodic aluminum oxide substrate sputter-coated on a thin gold coating and was kept at 500 °C in a quartz tube in the reaction chamber. The chemical vapor deposition time was two hours. Scanning electron microscopy was used to reveal the morphology of the deposited materials. Due to metal catalyst assisted growth, the Bi-Te-Ni-Cu-Au materials were self-assembled into islands distributed fairly uniformly on the substrate. The mechanism for the morphological development of the materials was investigated. It was found that the Au nanoparticles facilitated the formation of the complex Bi-Te-Al-Ni-Cu materials. The prepared nanostructure has the highest absolute Seekbeck coefficient value of 260 µV/K, which is more than twice the value obtained from the bulk material.
Hybridization between two parapatric ranid frog species in the northern Sierra Nevada, California, USA

Contact zones between species provide a unique opportunity to test whether taxa can hybridize or not. Cross‐breeding or hybridization between closely related taxa can promote gene flow (introgression) between species, adaptation, or even speciation. Though hybridization events may be short‐lived and difficult to detect in the field, genetic data can provide information about the level of introgression between closely related taxa. Hybridization can promote introgression between species, which may be an important evolutionary mechanism for either homogenization (reversing initial divergence between species) or reproductive isolation (potentially leading to speciation). Here, we used thousands of genetic markers from nuclear DNA to detect hybridization between two parapatric frog species (Rana boylii and Rana sierrae) in the Sierra Nevada of California. Based on principal components analysis, admixture, and analysis of heterozygosity at species diagnostic SNPs, we detected two F1 hybrid individuals in the Feather River basin, as well as a weak signal of introgression and gene flow between the frog species compared with frog populations from two other adjacent watersheds. This study provides the first documentation of hybridization and introgression between these two species, which are of conservation concern.
Industrialization 'without tariffs' Friedrich List as a forerunner of modern Development Economics

In this paper, we analyse Friedrich List's contribution to the modern theory of economic development. We argue that Friedrich List saw economic development as a combination of a sectorial division of labour (following Adam Smith, 1776) and a geographical division of labour across regions and countries. In this sense, the passage from a traditional economy to an industrial one consists of balanced growth at both the sectorial and geographical level, as we see in modern development economics (see Rosentein-Rodan, 1943; and Murphy et al., 1989). In addition, List highlights the role of transport costs in the industrialization process not only in terms of the costs incurred by firms, but also how industrialization affects these costs, since modern technology produces goods that are ? lighter? to transport than goods produced with traditional technology. In this sense, contrary to what is usually attributed to List, tariffs are not the central part of his argument for industrialization. He puts more emphasis on the creation of a larger internal market via for instance a customs union and the complementarities between resources and sectors in a country. We illustrate these arguments with a model.
Higher Dietary Non-enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity Is Associated with Decreased Risk of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Japanese Adults.

BACKGROUND Few studies have assessed associations of non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (NEAC) in the overall diet with all-cause or specific mortality, and their results have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVES The present study investigated the association between dietary NEAC and all-cause or cause-specific mortality. METHODS The study was a large-scale population-based prospective cohort study in Japan consisting of 42,520 men and 50,207 women aged 44-76 y, who had no history of cancer, stroke, ischemic heart disease, or chronic liver disease. We evaluated FFQ-based dietary NEAC with use of published databases in which the NEACs of individual foods were analyzed by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. Dietary NEAC was calculated by multiplying the estimated NEAC with the consumed amount and summing up those values for all foods, and was categorized in quartiles. We identified death and cause of death with use of residential registry and death certificates. HRs and 95% Cls for death from the second survey, which was conducted from April 1995 to December 2014 were estimated with Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. RESULTS After 1,498,308 person-years of follow-up, 12,978 total deaths occurred. The multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% Cls) for all-cause mortality for the highest compared with the lowest quartile of FRAP and ORAC were 0.85 (0.80, 0.89) and 0.84 (0.79, 0.89), respectively. Dietary NEACs were inversely associated with mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD), but not from cancer. The multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% Cls) for CVD for the highest compared with the lowest quartile of FRAP and ORAC were 0.83 (0.75, 0.92) and 0.79 (0.70, 0.89), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Higher dietary NEACs from FRAP and ORAC were associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality and mortality from CVD in Japanese adults.
Kp SPATIAL FILTER WITH MULTIPLE EXTRACTED POLES

We present the numerical simulation results of the scattering of a plane linearly polarized wave at a multi-aperture frequency-selective surface and two design examples for a spatial band-pass filter with multiple extracted poles. Filters are formed by three consecutively placed perforated screens. Shown, that the screens, elementary cell of which contains a number of different rectangular apertures, provide the appearance of extracted poles on the frequency response of the filter.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work Title Rhodosporidium toruloides : A new platform organism for conversion of lignocellulose into terpene biofuels and bioproducts Permalink

Background: Economical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels and bioproducts is central to the establishment of a robust bioeconomy. This requires a conversion host that is able to both efficiently assimilate the major lignocellulose-derived carbon sources and divert their metabolites toward specific bioproducts. Results: In this study, the carotenogenic yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides was examined for its ability to convert lignocellulose into two non-native sesquiterpenes with biofuel (bisabolene) and pharmaceutical (amorphadiene) applications. We found that R. toruloides can efficiently convert a mixture of glucose and xylose from hydrolyzed lignocellulose into these bioproducts, and unlike many conventional production hosts, its growth and productivity were enhanced in lignocellulosic hydrolysates relative to purified substrates. This organism was demonstrated to have superior growth in corn stover hydrolysates prepared by two different pretreatment methods, one using a novel biocompatible ionic liquid (IL) choline α-ketoglutarate, which produced 261 mg/L of bisabolene at bench scale, and the other using an alkaline pretreatment, which produced 680 mg/L of bisabolene in a high-gravity fed-batch bioreactor. Interestingly, R. toruloides was also observed to assimilate p-coumaric acid liberated from acylated grass lignin in the IL hydrolysate, a finding we verified with purified substrates. R. toruloides was also able to consume several additional compounds with aromatic motifs similar to lignin monomers, suggesting that this organism may have the metabolic potential to convert depolymerized lignin streams alongside lignocellulosic sugars. Conclusions: This study highlights the natural compatibility of R. toruloides with bioprocess conditions relevant to lignocellulosic biorefineries and demonstrates its ability to produce non-native terpenes.