Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DYNAMIC TASK SHARING STRATEGY FOR ADAPTIVE HUMAN-ROBOT COLLABORATIVE WORKCELL

Industry 4.0 prompts the re-organization of production systems with flexible collaborative workcells. Half way between the manual and the full automated cell, the new cell is configured by having humans and robots working together and collaborating to the execution of complex working tasks. Considering the production process subdivided in work tasks, it is apparent that some tasks could be performed more proficiently by humans or robots alone, others collaboratively. Analogy can be found with the job assignment problem in conventional production, for which a wide range of strategies and procedures has been researched. In Human-Robot Collaboration the procedures should be redefined having new objectives and following different rules. This is the intent of the study: to classify which tasks should be executed by men, robots or by both collaboratively. The classification method makes use of a training set of pre-classified tasks. Then task assignment combined with job scheduling is introduced to avoid resource overload.
Consensual Qualitative Research: An Update

The authors reviewed the application of consensual qualitative research (CQR) in 27 studies published since the method's introduction to the field in 1997 by C. E. Hill, B. J. Thompson, and E. N. Williams (1997). After first describing the core components and the philosophical underpinnings of CQR, the authors examined how it has been applied in terms of the consensus process, biases, research teams, data collection, data analysis, and writing up the results and discussion sections of articles. On the basis of problems that have arisen in each of these areas, the authors made recommendations for modifications of the method. The authors concluded that CQR is a viable qualitative method and suggest several ideas for research on the method itself.
Role of laser pulse duration and gas pressure in deposition of AlN thin films

We investigated the relative merits and limits of pulsed laser deposition from AlN targets in vacuum and low-pressure nitrogen in obtaining stoichiometric and crystalline aluminum nitride thin films. We used two UV excimer laser sources (λ=248 nm): a nanosecond system (τFWHM=30 ns) and, a subpicosecond (τFWHM=450 fs) system. The obtained structures were characterized by x-ray diffraction, electron microscopy in cross section, selected area electron diffraction, and profilometry. We demonstrated that the best results are obtained with the sub-ps laser source in vacuum and in low pressure nitrogen when the AlN thin films are very pure, crystalline, clearly exhibiting a tendency to epitaxy. Metallic Al is present in the films deposited with the ns laser source. We believe this is an effect of the gradual decomposition of AlN inside the crater on the target surface under multipulse laser irradiation.
Tomography-based determination of effective heat and mass transport properties of complex multi-phase media

Transport phenomena in multi-phase media are of interest in a wide range of areas in science and industry chemical processing, combustion, nuclear and civil engineering, environmental and medical engineering, filtering and automotive applications, atmospheric sciences and solar engineering. Of special interest are solar thermal and thermochemical processes to generate electricity and (storable) solar fuels, solar materials and chemical commodities. In these processes multi-phase media serve as insulators, radiant absorbers, heat exchanges, catalyst carriers, reactant and reaction sites. The analysis of the complex interactions between multi-mode heat transfer, multiphase flow, and chemical reaction – on multiple scales – is fundamental to understanding and optimizing these processes. Volume averaging models for multi-phase media are commonly applied for process simulations. However, these models rely to a great extend on the accurate knowledge of the multi-phase media’s effective transport properties, which in turn depend on the morphology and single phase properties. A combined experimental-numerical procedure is adopted in this thesis: the exact 3D geometry of the complex multi-phase media are experimentally determined by computed tomography and used in direct discrete-scale simulations for morphological characterization and determination of the effective heat and mass transport properties. Two-point correlation functions and mathematical morphology operations are calculated for morphological characterization and validated by weight, BET surface area and laser scattering measurements. Collision-based Monte Carlo is utilized to calculate distribution functions of attenuation path length and direction of incidence at the phase boundary which are used to determine effective radiative properties. Spectroscopic measurements are conducted for validation of the calculated radiative properties. Finite volume techniques are used to solve for mass, momentum and energy conservation allowing for conductive/convective heat transfer and flow characterization. The methodology is then applied to four multi-phase media relevant in solar material and fuel processing: (i) reticulate porous ceramics, (ii) anisotropic ce-
Happiness, health and family type

At the individual level, income is not the only and important factor that explains happiness. It can be concluded from several cross-section studies that- after controlling for inter correlations - health, marital status, ethnicity, presence of young children and religious affiliation are relevant too. Despite a secular rise in real income in the richer part of the world, happiness has not increased. Two factors that may account for this - health and family type - are discussed in this paper. Special attention is paid to the impact of obesity and the growing incidence of divorce and separation.
Identifying and prioritizing innovation criteria of projects in science and technology parks using fuzzy VIKOR

Article history: Received October 10, 2011 Received in Revised form November, 14, 2011 Accepted 26 November 2011 Available online 5 December 2011 The idea of Science and Technology parks has been widely used in many countries and many innovative plans are initiated in these places. In this paper, we present a multiple criteria decision making plan to prioritize important factors influencing the success of an innovative plan. The study uses fuzzy triangular numbers to gather decision makers' feedback on different criteria and rank them using fuzzy VIKOR method. The results of our survey indicate that it is important to be the first who introduce the idea, the idea must be important for customers and market and it must be scientifically justified. Among other important criteria, the availability of experts to support the ideas and applicability in the area of human and social science are of important criteria. The plan also does not need to have huge amount of investment and a complicated technology and finally it should come to market in short amount of time. © 2012 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Formation Mechanism of Porous Cu3Sn Intermetallic Compounds in Microbumps for 3D-IC Packaging

Author(s): Chu, Tawei | Advisor(s): Tu, King-Ning | Abstract: This thesis presents a study on the formation mechanism of porous Cu3Sn intermetallic compounds in microbumps for 3D-IC packaging, which are issues of importance to the packaging technology in microelectronic industry. Experimental emphases are on the formation processes of porous Cu3Sn under current stressing and by solid state aging. Theoretical interpretations of the observations are also presented. Following a background introduction, we first report the results on electromigration tests of SnAg solder bump samples with 15 i? ½m bump height and Cu under-bump-metallization (UBM). The test conditions were 1.45 i? ½104 A/cm2 at 185 oC and 1.20 i? ½104 A/cm2 at 0 oC. A porous Cu3Sn intermetallic compound (IMC) structure was observed to form within the bumps after several hundred hours of current stressing. In direct comparison, annealing alone at 185 oC will take more than 1000 h for porous Cu3Sn to form, and it will not form at 170 oC even after 2000 h. A mechanism is proposed to explain the formation of this porous structure assisted by electromigration. The results show that the SnAg bump with low bump height will become porous-type Cu3Sn when stressing with high current density and high temperature. Polarity effects on porous Cu3Sn formation is also examined and interpreted.The second part of the experimental study is on the growth competition between the co-existing layer-type and porous-type Cu3Sn in solder microbumps of Cu/SnAg/Cu. The thickness of the SnAg solder is about 14 μm and the Cu column on both sides is 20 μm. Upon wetting-reﬂow, the solder is reacted completely to form Cu-Sn intermetallic compounds in a multi-layered structure of Cu/Cu3Sn/Cu6Sn5/Cu3Sn/Cu. Upon further annealing at 220 i? ½C and 260 i? ½C, we obtain Cu/Cu3Sn/porous Cu3Sn/Cu3Sn/Cu, in which both types of Cu3Sn co-exist and form an interface. In the layer-type growth, we assume Cu to be the dominant diffusing species, coming from the Cu column. The Cu reacts with Cu6Sn5 to grow the Cu3Sn layer. In the porous-type growth, we assume Sn to be the dominant diffusing species, coming from the depletion of Sn in Cu6Sn5. The depleted Cu6Sn5 transforms to the porous-type Cu3Sn. At the same time, the Sn diffuses to the side-wall of Cu column to form a coating of Cu3Sn. Experimental observations of 3-dimensional distribution of voids in the porous-type Cu3Sn are performed by synchrotron radiation tomography; the voids are interconnected for the out-diffusion of Sn. The competing growth between the layer-type and the porous-type Cu3Sn is analyzed.Lastly, for a theoretical understanding, we discuss the mechanism of this unique porous void formation in microbumps, including the necessary and sufficient conditions of porous Cu3Sn formation and a comparison between incomplete and complete cellular precipitations.
Nutrient enrichment alters life-history traits of non-native fish Pterygoplichthys spp. in sub-tropical rivers

Nutrient enrichment caused by anthropogenic activities can positively affect biological invasions as novel species can utilize additional resources in the ecosystem for population persistence. Although the effect of resource availability on plant invasions has been well-documented, the impact of nutrient enrichment on fish invasions remains unexplored. In this study, field investigations were conducted to examine the impact of nutrient enrichment on the maturity and reproduction of the invasive detritivorous fish Pterygoplichthys spp. A pair-wise greenhouse experiment was carried out to test the impact of nutrient enrichment on the performance of Pterygoplichthys spp. and the native fish Cirrhinus molitorella. Female Pterygoplichthys spp. matured at a larger size when total phosphorus concentration increased, while mean size and age at maturity of males increased with an increase in total nitrogen. Furthermore, total phosphorus concentrations were significantly lower when Pterygoplichthys spp. were present relative to those trials with C. molitorella. Eutrophication provides empty niches, which may facilitate the invasion of non-native and hypoxia tolerant fish. Thus Pterygoplichthys spp. may adjust their lifehistory traits to maximize fitness in eutrophic ecosystems. They might also benefit from nutrient enrichment due to their abilities to utilize phosphorus. These adaptive responses may help this non-native hybrid swarm to colonize and spread in their introduced range. These findings are instructive for understanding the relationship between biogeochemical changes and fish invasions, which will aid in minimizing the risk of biological invasions when developing management strategies in polluted ecosystems.
The enhancement of drought tolerance for pigeon pea inoculated by arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi

Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) has been rapidly grown in the drought-striken Karst regions of southwest China. Present research aimed to investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) on the drought tolerance of pigeon pea, as well as to elucidate the physiological responses of AM-colonized seedlings to the water deficit. As subjected to drought stress, AM symbiosis (AMD) highly led to the positive effects on root system, plant height and stem diameter. AMD demonstrated a remarkably higher chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance. The soluble sugar in AMD was significantly higher than that of the non-AM seedlings (NAMD), indicating the enhanced tolerance at least partially correlated with osmotic solute. Conversely, the proline (Pro) of AMD was lower, revealing the excessive Pro was not imperative for drought tolerance. After 30 days drought stress, AMD gave around a third less lipid peroxides than that of NAMD. Rather, the root activities of AMD were significantly higher than that of the latter after 10 days drought stress. Thereby, AM fungi might substantially elevate the toler ance to drought of pigeon pea, and the cumulative effects contributed to the enhanced tolerance. To date, this has been the first report concerning the enhancement of drought tolerance via AM colonization in this legume species.
English for University Administrative Work: English Officialization Policy and Foreign Language Learning Motivation

This study examines how the English officialization policy of higher education in an EFL context interplays with administrative workers’ motivational orientations towards English learning. The data consisted of questionnaire responses of 117 administrative members with undergraduate degrees and qualitative interviews with 9 who answered the questionnaires. The descriptive and correlation analyses showed that the participants interested in learning English-speaking countries’ cultures did not perceive much benefit of the English officialization policy (EOP) in increasing their motivation to learn English. On the contrary, those who appreciated the EOP tended to be motivated to learn English for external rewards. A striking finding was that those who related the EOP to increased motivation also showed a lack of motivation to learn English. Also noteworthy was that their motivation correlated significantly with their own perceived English speaking competence. The results corroborate the significant role of the perception of English speaking competence and the context of English use in language learning motivation at the post-tertiary level. The participants expressed feelings of confusion regarding the role of English in everyday work performance. The implications of these findings are discussed with a view toward the enhanced implementation of EOP policy in an EFL context.
A STRENGTH-WEAKNESS-OPPORTUNITY (SWO) ANALYSIS OF THREE IMPLEMENTATIONMODELS FOR INTEGRATING ‘THE KNOWLEDGE AGE’ INFORMATION ANDCOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES (ICTs) INTO SCHOOLS1

Abstract: Information & Communication Technologies (ICTs) have developed tremendously in the last thirty decades. The invention of Personal Computer (PC), the Internet-connecting softwares as well as Android-based smartphones, revolutionized instructional technology employed by school teachers of 1980s. These latest educational technologies, like radio, OHP, TV, and video in the previous eras, have soon been adopted by contemporary learning institutions. Based on how schools integrate the educational technologies emerging in the era called by Trilling & Fadel ‘the Knowledge Age’ (2009:3) into classrooms, there have been three implementation models: 1) offline learning class; 2) blended learning class; and 3) virtual learning class. A question that has oftentimes been asked is this: “does integrating these latest technologies into classrooms improve instruction quality and learning quality? ”. This paper answers the question by analyzing strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities that will presumptively exist if schools integrate the latest ICTs into classrooms. It concludes with a proper strategy—namely, integration strategy— deduced out of the SWO analysis that can be best implemented in schools. Keywords: Information & Communication Technology (ICT), blended learning, virtual learning, Gen Y, SWOT analysis, 21st Century Skills Movement
Identification of three new resources of resistance to Fusarium head blight in wheat

Fusarium head blight (FHB) mainly caused by Fusarium species is one of the most important diseases threatening worldwide wheat production. To develop new FHB resistance resources, disease resistances of three new wheat lines L958, L962 and L987 were evaluated over a period of several years. We employed L699 (PI672540) and L661 as the resistant and susceptible control, respectively. Moderate FHB resistance was observed in these three wheat lines, among which the genotype L958 was found a good resource for yield, quality and FHB resistance improvement. In addition, genotype L962 was found to be resistant to powdery mildew, and both L958 and L987 carried the YrL693 gene conferring stripe rust resistance. The study provides promising results for accelerating the resistance breeding of the three wheat lines.
Roles of Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines in Traumatic Brain Injury and Acute Ischemic Stroke

This chapter will introduce the reader to the pathophysiology of two devastating neurologic events, traumatic brain injury (TBI) and acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Here we focus on the role of key pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Several experimental interventions have been found to modulate cytokine production and brain injury after AIS or TBI. Here minocycline, biological response modifiers, hormonal therapies, omega-3 fatty acids, N-acetylcysteine, and cannabinoids will be discussed. In addition, the role of cytokine-induced inflammasomes in both TBI and AIS will be addressed and followed by discussion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-18, and IFN-γ). Finally, the main anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-33, IL-10, IL-6, and IL-4, will be discussed in the context of both TBI and AIS. It should be noted that the role of these cytokines is diverse and the dichotomization of classically pro-versus anti-inflammatory cytokines is being re-examined, as many of these cytokines have been found to play dual roles in TBI and AIS brain injury.
HYDROGEN-INDUCED VALENCE ALTERNATION STATE AT SIO2 INTERFACES

Exposure of $\mathrm{Si}/{\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ and $\mathrm{SiC}/{\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ interfaces to hydrogen in the temperature range of $450\char21{}800\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$ is found to produce a considerable density (up to ${10}^{13}\mathrm{cm}{}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$) of positively charged centers. The absence of any correlation between the charging process and the presence of Si dangling bond centers in ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ or at the $\mathrm{Si}/{\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ interface indicates hydrogen bonding in a valence alternation state which is suggested to be an over-coordinated oxygen center $[{\mathrm{Si}}_{2}=\mathrm{OH}{]}^{+}$ stabilized by ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ network rearrangement at the interface.
Dead man walking: an empirical reassessment of the deterrent effect of capital punishment using the bounds testing approach to cointegration

This paper empirically estimates a murder supply equation for the United States from 1965 to 2001 within a cointegration and error correction framework. Our findings suggest that any support for the deterrence hypothesis is sensitive to the inclusion of variables for the effects of guns and other crimes. In the long run we find that real income and the conditional probability of receiving the death sentence are the main factors explaining variations in the homicide rate. In the short run the aggravated assault rate and robbery rate are the most important determinants of the homicide rate.
Casual dating online: sexual norms and practices on French heterosexual dating sites

Abstract Although Internet-mediated casual encounters between gay men have become an established object of study in social science, research on heterosexual online dating is largely focused on the search for romantic long-term relationships. This article presents an investigation of the new “sexual territory” that appears with heterosexual dating sites. Based primarily on qualitative fieldwork, this study first reveals the normative framework that structures the field of French dating platforms, and secondly shows how meeting online comes with a new dating scenario that tends to facilitate the engagement in short-term sexual relationships. Keywords: sexual territories, online dating, heterosexuality, casual dating. ----- Online-Dating fur gelegentliche Treffen. Sexuelle Normen und Praktiken in franzosischen heterosexuellen Partnerschaftsborsen Zusammenfassung Wahrend uber das Internet vermittelte gelegentliche Treffen zwischen homosexuellen Mannern bereits ein etablierter Forschungsgegenstand in den Sozialwissenschaften sind, ist die Forschung zu heterosexuellem Online-Dating grostenteils auf die Suche nach romantischen Langzeitbeziehungen fokussiert. Der vorliegende Artikel will damit beginnen, diese Forschungslucke zu fullen, indem er den moglichen neuen sexuellen Bereich untersucht, der durch heterosexuelle Online-Dating-Plattformen entsteht. Diese Studie basiert hauptsachlich auf qualitativen Feldstudien und zeigt den normativen Rahmen auf, der das Feld der franzosischen Dating-Seiten strukturiert. Auserdem zeigt die Untersuchung, wie das Kennenlernen im Internet ein neues Dating-Szenario mit sich bringt, das dazu tendiert, die Aufnahme sexueller Kurzzeitbeziehungen zu vereinfachen. Schlagworte: sexuelle Bereiche, Online-Dating, Heterosexualitat, sexuelle Beziehungen
A Miniature CPW Balun Constructed with Length-Reduced 3db Couples and a Short Redundant Transmission Line

This work presents a new type of CPW balun consisting of 3dB coupled-line sections, which are one eighth wavelength long, and a short redundant transmission line for the applications of the modern wireless communication systems. A set of design equations that can determine the values of the elements of balun is proposed. A new type of coupler constructed with a structure similar to the conventional step impedance resonator is developed to further reduce the size of the balun. An experimental prototype operated at 1.0GHz was designed and fabricated to verify the proposed design method. The measurement results show quite good correspondences with the theoretical predictions and the EM simulations.
Pattern of mortality of crossbred pigs in an organized swine production farm

Mortality records of crossbred pigs in an experimental swine production farm, reared under Indian tropical climatic conditions, were collected for the period of last ten years (2000-2010) and effect of age and cause on pattern of mortality was investigated. Results of the present study revealed an overall mortality of 12.18% in entire study period. The average pre-weaning mortality in last ten years was 23.16%. The highest mortality (21.69%) was noted in 0-15 day’s age group, whereas, lowest mortality (1.28 %) was observed in 30-45 days age group. Overall mortality in post-weaning stage (46-240 days) and adult animals (above 240 days) were 3.86 % and 2.60 %, respectively. The year wise results exhibited lowest mortality (4.06%) in 2003-2004 and highest mortality (17.78%) in 2009-2010. As regards to cause of death, digestive disorders (2.81%) were principal cause of death followed by hypoglycemia/ weakling, miscellaneous disorders (1.99 %), trauma (1.15 %) and respiratory disorders (0.99 %). This study indicated a scope of further improvement in health status of the animals in the farm during pre-weaning stage, especially at 0-15 day’s age of animals.