Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Organic–inorganic hybrid and inorganic halide perovskites: structural and chemical engineering, interfaces and optoelectronic properties

This review aims to capture the emergent scenario of research in the field of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites and inorganic halide perovskites as fuelled by the continuing excitement about these materials, their unique properties and their immense application potential in photovoltaics and optoelectronics. While some spectacular successes have already been achieved in respect of these applications, several challenges have also been encountered in terms of the stability of these materials under different ambients and stimuli, and their integration with other functional materials to generate new device architectures. Towards this end, this review discusses pertinent strategies to tune and control their device-worthy properties and eliminate their shortcomings to the extent feasible. These include (a) intelligent doping in these structurally and chemically sensitive systems, (b) the role of defects and strategies to mitigate them via innovative synthetic controls, (c) molecular engineering to control the dimensionality and new phases in these materials, and (d) the emergent understanding about the structure–chemistry–property relationships, especially the photophysical properties. We also address the bearing that these issues have on the ultimate realisation of robust high-efficiency solar cells, either in stand-alone or tandem configurations, as well as on high-performance light-emitting diodes. The insights gained by first-principles density functional theory calculations to understand the experimental observations and to predict new material designs are also discussed. The review is concluded with a section on the summary and outlook, wherein the authors’ perspective on the emergent scenario is presented.
Sarcoidosis: rarely a single system disorder

Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease with a number of extrapulmonary manifestations, rarely limited to a single system. The objective of this review is to provide a overview of the systemic features of sarcoidosis and their surveillance. Sarcoidosis is disease that can affect any organ system, resulting in a number of complications that can cause significant morbidity and mortality, including ophthalmological and cardiac complications. A number of investigations play a role in identifying manifestations of sarcoidosis. Respiratory physicians have an important role to play in identifying complications and monitoring patients with sarcoidosis, as they may be the first to encounter them. Sarcoidosis can involve any organ system, with several complications, particularly ophthalmological and cardiac disease, that are important to recognise in clinical practice and monitor, no matter one's area of expertise https://bit.ly/36oLXxm
Early life stress and brain plasticity: from molecular alterations to aberrant memory and behavior

Abstract Early life stress (ELS) is one of the most critical factors that could modify brain plasticity, memory and learning abilities, behavioral reactions, and emotional response in adulthood leading to development of different mental disorders. Prenatal and early postnatal periods appear to be the most sensitive periods of brain development in mammals, thereby action of various factors at these stages of brain development might result in neurodegeneration, memory impairment, and mood disorders at later periods of life. Deciphering the processes underlying aberrant neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and cerebral angiogenesis as well as deeper understanding the effects of ELS on brain development will provide novel approaches to prevent or to cure psychiatric and neurological deficits caused by stressful conditions at the earliest stages of ontogenesis. Neuropeptide oxytocin serves as an amnesic, anti-stress, pro-angiogenic, and neurogenesis-controlling molecule contributing to dramatic changes in brain plasticity in ELS. In the current review, we summarize recent data on molecular mechanisms of ELS-driven changes in brain plasticity with the particular focus on oxytocin-mediated effects on neurogenesis and angiogenesis, memory establishment, and forgetting.
Debt diversification and investments of European listed real estate companies

Purpose This paper aims to examine the relationship between the use of public debt and investment activity of European listed real estate companies. Design/methodology/approach Using a hand-collected sample of debt structures of 102 European public real estate companies, and using European Central Bank lending standards survey as a proxy for bank credit availability, the authors test a conditional hypothesis on the relationship between investment rates and the use of public debt during period of constrained bank lending environment in Europe. Findings The results show that ex ante diversification of debt allows retaining higher investment rates when the main source of debt, bank lending, is shrinking. The effect is statistically and economically significant and increases during times of tight bank lending constraints. The authors find no support to debt capacity explanation of the effect. They neither find support of the higher investment rates to be indicative of overinvestment problem. The results are robust to alternative model specifications and estimators. Research limitations/implications The empirical analysis is limited to Europe. Practical implications Investments and the growth of real estate companies depend on their ability to seize value-increasing opportunities that arise in the competitive markets. This paper evaluates the role of a diversified debt structure in this context. The results suggest that debt structure can have material importance for the investment activity of European listed real estate companies and issuance of public debt can help companies to counterbalance the negative effects of restricted bank loan supply on the investment levels. Originality/value The paper extends the literature on debt structures of listed real estate firms by considering the effect of debt diversification on investments.
Bringing Women on Board? Family Policies, Quotas and Gender Diversity in Top Jobs

An influential body of work has identified a ‘welfare-state paradox’: work–family policies that bring women into the workforce also undermine women’s access to the top jobs. Missing from this literature is a consideration of how welfare-state interventions impact on women’s representation at the board-level specifically, rather than managerial and lucrative positions more generally. This article contributes to addressing this ‘gap’. A fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis of 22 industrialised countries reveals how welfare-state interventions combine with gender boardroom quotas and targets in (not) bringing a ‘critical mass’ of women onto private-sector corporate boards. Overall, the analysis finds limited evidence in support of a welfare-state paradox; in fact, countries are unlikely to achieve a critical mass of women on boards in the absence of adequate childcare services. The results further suggest that ‘hard’, mandatory gender boardroom quotas are not necessary for achieving more women on boards; ‘soft’, voluntary recommendations can also work under certain family policy constellations.
The Value Relevance of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Expenditure: Evidence from Regulatory Decisions

We examine the value relevance of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) expenditure of Bangladeshi banks from 2007–2014 in response to a regulatory directive on banking firms’ engagement in CSR activities. We find a positive association between CSR expenditure and a firm’s market value. Evidence of an inverse U-shaped curvilinear association between CSR expenditure and market value suggests that the impact of CSR expenditure on a firm’s market value has a certain limit. We also document that unexpected or abnormal components of CSR expenditure comprise value-relevant information. Our study provides empirical evidence to support the value relevance of CSR expenditure as an explanation for why firms should invest in CSR and why they should inform various stakeholders about their CSR activities.
POSS-Derived Synthesis and Full Life Structural Analysis of Si@C as Anode Material in Lithium Ion Battery

Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-derived Si@C anode material is prepared by the copolymerization of octavinyl-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (octavinyl-POSS) and styrene. Octavinyl-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane has an inorganic core (-Si8O12) and an organic vinyl shell. Carbonization of the core-shell structured organic-inorganic hybrid precursor results in the formation of carbon protected Si-based anode material applicable for lithium ion battery. The initial discharge capacity of the battery based on the as-obtained Si@C material Si reaches 1500 mAh g−1. After 550 charge-discharge cycles, a high capacity of 1430 mAh g−1 was maintained. A combined XRD, XPS and TEM analysis was performed to investigate the variation of the discharge performance during the cycling experiments. The results show that the decrease in discharge capacity in the first few cycles is related to the formation of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The subsequent rise in the capacity can be ascribed to the gradual morphology evolution of the anode material and the loss of capacity after long-term cycles is due to the structural pulverization of silicon within the electrode. Our results not only show the high potential of the novel electrode material but also provide insight into the dynamic features of the material during battery cycling, which is useful for the future design of high-performance electrode material.
Final Publication of the “Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of Cosmetics” and New Prospectives of Cosmetic Science in China

In June 2020, the new “Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of Cosmetics” (CSAR) was finally issued and published in China. This is the first revision of the “Regulations on Hygiene Supervision of Cosmetics” (CHSR) since its publication in 1989. As the basic and fundamental legislation for cosmetics, CSAR has a far-reaching impact on the whole industry and also reveals new trends in scientific research work. To provide an interpretation of this regulation and help enterprises and researchers better understand the new policies, in this study, the main contents of CSAR and its regulatory system were introduced, and the major changes and background considerations were summarized, especially in the definition and scope of cosmetics, classification and categorization, ingredient management, safety evaluation, efficacy substantiation and technical evaluation work. A brief review of technical progress worldwide and a comparison of regulatory requirements were provided where necessary. Finally, new prospects of cosmetic science in China were discussed. In conclusion, CSAR will initiate a renewed and integrated regulatory system for cosmetics. Advanced concepts of supervision, encouragement of innovation, utilization of technical approaches and emphasis on scientific investigations are reflected in the regulations, which will deeply influence the development of both cosmetic products and new ingredients. With all these new challenges and opportunities, everyone involved should get prepared.
Effects of nafamostat mesilate , a protease Inhibitor , on ischemia / reperfusion-induced kidney injury in mice

Ischemia is induced when blood flow to an organ is interrupted, and re-establishing blood flow is essential to prevent ongoing hypoxic injury, although it paradoxically imparts further injury. Nafamostat mesilate (NM), a synthetic serine protease inhibitor, has been used in patients undergoing hemodialysis who are at a high risk of bleeding. To determine the protective effect of NM on ischemiareperfusion injury (IRI) in a mouse renal IRI model, NM was administered as a preand post-treatment or during ischemia reperfusion and compared to a control group. Mice were bilaterally nephrectomized and subjected to 40 min of renal pedicle occlusion followed by 24 h reperfusion. NM (240 μg/kg) significantly improved kidney function and lowered serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels. Consistently, NM inhibited collagen formation in kidney tissues. NM treatment attenuated the effects of ischemia/reperfusion on kidney tissues and significantly inhibited activation of Tolllike receptor 4, nuclear factor kappa-light-chainenhancer of activated B cells-phospho-65 (NFkBp65), phospho-inhibitor of NF-κβa, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). NM treatment also decreased expression of Bcl-2, Caspase-3 and Bax in kidney tissues, which has been linked with induction of apoptosis in kidney tissues. Our studies suggest that NM may be a novel therapeutic agent to prevent and treat kidney IRI, in which iNOS and/or NF-κβ are upregulated. The exact regulatory mechanism and its functional significance require further elucidation.
Los recursos y capacidades en la adopción de una estrategia de mercadotecnia verde: evidencia en hoteles de turismo de sol y playa de Oaxaca, México

A partir de la Teoría basada en los Recursos (TBR), en este artículo se estudia cómo los recursos y las capacidades contribuyen en la adopción de una estrategia de mercadotecnia verde (EMV) en 73 hoteles de tres, cuatro y cinco estrellas de Bahías de Huatulco y Puerto Escondido, Oaxaca, México. Los hallazgos demuestran que los recursos (físicos, financieros y humanos) y las capacidades (visión compartida y gestión de los grupos de interés) permiten adoptar una estrategia de mercadotecnia verde y competir a través de la comercialización de productos y servicios más amigables con el medio ambiente. Para la obtención de los datos se estratificó la muestra en tipo de alojamiento turístico y número de estrellas y se utilizó un cuestionario estructurado. Los resultados obtenidos son de utilidad al sector hotelero, las instituciones públicas y privadas encargadas del turismo como Asociaciones de Hoteles y Moteles y Secretarias de Turismo, ya que proporciona información relevante sobre los recursos y capacidades que la empresa puede utilizar para el despliegue de la estrategia de mercadotecnia verde. A la fecha, se han realizado pocos estudios empíricos que analicen el tema en cuestión, por lo cual este trabajo contribuye a la TBR debido a que las investigaciones sobre la estrategia de mercadotecnia verde se enfocan más en los efectos que tiene ésta y no en los factores que conducen a su desarrollo, lo que ha dejado un hueco en la literatura sobre los recursos y las capacidades de la empresa que contribuyen a una EMV.
Application and Performance Analysis of Cache Effected Merge Sort Algorithms

One of the most significant factors that affect run time of a program is the cache behavior. Especially, the efficient use of cache in the programs that process huge data with an iterative manner is very important. In this paper, our objective is to measure the cache effectiveness of sorting algorithms. To test sorting algorithms, a suitable cache configuration is determined while using cache effected merge sort algorithms in Valgrind simulator. Our motivation is to investigate algorithm performances by experiencing and comparing them on Level-1 and Level-2 caches.
Consumer awareness and use of nutrition labels on packaged fresh meats: a pilot study

The Nutritional Labeling and Education Act of 1990 called for the voluntary nutrition labeling of packaged fresh meats in retail stores. The stores had until mid-1994 to meet the Act's provisions. Availability and use of these labels in Louisiana retail stores were examined by a 1997 survey of households. One-half of the responding households perceived that these nutrition labels were in use in stores, and when available, they were used by most respondents. The primary reasons for nonuse include sufficient prior knowledge of nutrient content, insufficient shopping time to check labels, and lack of interest in nutrient content. Family income, household head retired, and interest in preparing healthy meals in the home were statistically significant variables in explaining label readership.
In order to obtain quality oriented herbal products, care should be taken

LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Pharmacognostical Study Pharmacognostical study basically deals with the standardization, authentication and study of natural drugs. Much of the research in pharmacognostical study has been done to identify controversial species of plants, authentication of commonly used traditional medicinal plants through morphological, histological, physicochemical and toxicological parameters, prescribed by an authoritative source. The importance of pharmacognosy has been widely felt in recent times. Most of the cases of accidental herbal medicine misuse start with wrong identification of a medicinal plant prescribed. The main goal of pharmacognostical study is to assess the value of raw materials. Strict standardization procedures and pharmacognostical studies of medicinal plants would reduce drastically much of the accidents in wrong prescriptions of traditional herbal medicines.
Orientation and Scale Based Weights Initialization Scheme for Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

Image classification is generally about the understanding of information in the images concerned. The more the system able to understand the image contains, the more effective it will be in classifying desired images. Recent work has shown that the convolutional neural network (CNN) paradigm is useful for obtaining more accurate image classification results. A crucial component in the CNN is the convolution filters which consist of a series of predefined filter weight initialization values. The filter weights are then automatically learned by the neural network throughout the back-propagation training algorithm. However, most initialization schemes used in the deep convolutional neural networks are mainly to deal with vanishing gradient problems. Thus, selecting optimal weights are crucial to improve convergence and minimize the complexity which can enhance the generalization performance. One possible solution is to replace the standard weights with parameterized filters that proven to be efficient in extracting useful features such as Gabor filter bank. The Gabor filter bank is popular due to its ability in dealing with spatial transformation, especially on edges and texture information of different scales and directions. Thus, in this paper, we investigate the effect of utilizing Gabor and convolutional filters on small size kernels of deep VGG-16 architecture. The standard VGG-16 filter is replaced with the Gabor filter bank to obtain uniform distribution at all layers of the network. The result shows that the orientation and scale weights initialization scheme outperforms the standard filter weights on an image classification problem.
Soil and Water Warming Accelerates Phenology and Down-Regulation of Leaf Photosynthesis of Rice Plants Grown Under Free-Air CO 2 Enrichment ( FACE )

Down-Regulation of Leaf Photosynthesis of Rice Plants Grown Under Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) Minaco Adachi, Toshihiro Hasegawa*, Hiroshi Fukayama, Takeshi Tokida, Hidemitsu Sakai, Toshinori Matsunami, Hirofumi Nakamura, Ryoji Sameshima and Masumi Okada Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 305-8506 Japan Agro-Meteorology Division, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, 305-8604 Japan Department of Agriculture, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan Carbon and Nutrient Cycling Division, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604 Japan Akita Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station, Akita, 010-1231 Japan Taiyokeiki Co. Ltd., Kita-ku, Tokyo, 114-0032 Japan National Agricultural Research Organization, National Agricultural Research Center for Tohoku Region, Morioka, 020-0198 Japan Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8550 Japan Present address: Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan. *Corresponding author: E-mail, thase@affrc.go. jp; Fax,+81-29-838-8211. (Received September 9, 2013; Accepted January 2, 2014)
Reach‐scale isotope tracer experiment to quantify denitrification and related processes in a nitrate‐rich stream, midcontinent United States

We conducted an in‐stream tracer experiment with Br and 15N‐enriched NO3− to determine the rates of denitrification and related processes in a gaining NO3− ‐rich stream in an agricultural watershed in the upper Mississippi basin in September 2001. We determined reach‐averaged rates of N fluxes and reactions from isotopic analyses of NO3−, NO2−, N2, and suspended particulate N in conjunction with other data in a 1.2‐km reach by using a forward time‐stepping numerical simulation that included groundwater discharge, denitrification, nitrification, assimilation, and air‐water gas exchange with changing temperature. Denitrification was indicated by a systematic downstream increase in the δ15N values of dissolved N2. The reach‐averaged rate of denitrification of surface‐water NO3− indicated by the isotope tracer was approximately 120 ± 20 µmol m−2 h−1 (corresponding to zero‐ and first‐order rate constants of 0.63 µmol L−1 h−1 and 0.009 h−1, respectively). The overall rate of NO3− loss by processes other than denitrification (between 0 and about 200 µmol m−2 h−1) probably was less than the denitrification rate but had a large relative uncertainty because the NO3− load was large and was increasing through the reach. The rates of denitrification and other losses would have been sufficient to reduce the stream NO3− load substantially in the absence of NO3− sources, but the losses were more than offset by nitrification and groundwater NO3− inputs at a combined rate of about 500‐700 µmol m−2 h−1. Despite the importance of denitrification, the overall mass fluxes of N2 were dominated by discharge of denitrified groundwater and air‐water gas exchange in response to changing temperature, whereas the flux of N2 attributed to denitrification was relatively small. The in‐stream isotope tracer experiment provided a sensitive direct reach‐scale measurement of denitrification and related processes in a NO3− ‐rich stream where other mass‐balance methods were not suitable because of insufficient sensitivity or offsetting sources and sinks. Despite the increasing NO3− load in the experimental reach, the isotope tracer data indicate that denitrification was a substantial permanent sink for N leaving this agricultural watershed during low‐flow conditions.