Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fruit Quality and Composition of Two Advanced North Carolina Strawberry Selections

ABSTRACT The advanced selections, NCS 10-038 and NCS 10-156, from the North Carolina breeding program were compared to the traditionally used cultivars, Camarosa and Chandler, for storage life and fruit composition in 2014 and 2015. Postharvest quality of NCS 10-038 was similar to that of ‘Camarosa’ and ‘Chandler’ after 8 days storage at 4 °C. NCS 10-156 was significantly worse in overall appearance and had more fruit shrivel, calyx browning, and mold than the other genotypes. However, NCS 10-156 was highest in soluble solids content and was similar in total anthocyanin content and total phenolic content to ‘Camarosa’ and ‘Chandler’. Further analysis of flavonoids by high performance liquid chromatography showed that NCS 10-156 was much lower in total flavonols than the other genotypes and comparable in anthocyanin pigments to ‘Chandler’. NCS 10-038, while similar in pigment profile to ‘Camarosa’, had less total anthocyanin than the other genotypes. NCS 10-038 had a lighter red color than the other genotypes and was similar in postharvest quality to ‘Chandler’ and ‘Camarosa’ and may be suitable for long-distance markets. NCS 10-156 is slightly softer than the other genotypes and more prone to mold while the higher soluble solids content may make it suitable for direct market sales. Both selections show postharvest promise for strawberry production in the humid mid-South region.
Trawl-induced Damage to Sponges Observed From a Research Submersible

Three experimental trawl paths subjected to a single pass with the trawl in 1996 in about 200 m of water on the eastern Gulf of Alaska continental shelf were revisited in July 1997, 1 year post-trawl. Many large, erect sponges, the taxa impacted most significantly, had been removed or damaged by the trawl. Sponges in the cold, deep water of the Gulf of Alaska were slow to recover from trawling effects. These findings contrast with recovery times for shallow, warmwater sponges and may have fishery management implications for cold-water regions.
Adaptation, diversification, and desert ecology of the most diverse order of mammals (Mammalia, Rodentia)

Globally, species diversity is regulated by speciation and extinction, and regionally it is regulated by competition, niche, colonization, emigration, and extinction, and more locally, by environmental tolerance and species interactions which filter out non-adapted species based on intrinsic characteristics, or their Hutchinsonian niche. In this dissertation, I examined some of the mechanisms that govern biodiversity patterns in order to determine the main causes of uneven diversity in muroid rodent clades, the most diverse superfamily of mammals, comprising 28% of all mammal species. This extensive diversity, in addition to the remarkable eco-morphological adaptability which facilitated their colonization of all terrestrial biomes make muroids an ideal system to study this fundamental question in evolutionary ecology. In addition, the use of robust phylogenies that have recently been developed in muroids and non-muroid rodents makes the order an especially attractive model system to understand the process of mammalian adaptation to arid environments and the ecological interactions that shaped patterns of coexistence within desert communities, the second main goal of the dissertation. The use of a combination of molecular phylogenetics and geometric morphometrics allows for a robust investigation of general patterns that shape the ecological evolution of this group within and without desert habitats, warranting a reinterpretation of classical studies in evolutionary biology, desert ecology, and the traditional systematics of desert rodent clades.
Effect of dietary lysine and genetics on growth and indices of lysine catabolism in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The level of the essential amino acid lysine is of concern in trout feed. The objective of this study was to investigate the response of different families of fish to lysine-deficient (LD) versus lysine-adequate (LA) soy protein-containing diets. For each treatment combination, there were five replicates. As expected, feed efficiency (p .05) of diet on hepatic lysine α-ketoglutarate reductase (LKR) activity, LKR mRNA abundance or lysine oxidation. There was a family effect on feed efficiency (p < .0001), TGC (p < .0001) and condition factor (p < .05) and there was a trend for differences in oxygen consumption (p < .07) across families while consuming the LD diet; however, there was no effect on ammonia excretion, HSI, lipid content, efficiency of nitrogen or lysine retention or indices of lysine catabolism. One family, in particular, had more favourable feed efficiency and thermal growth coefficient when fed the LD diet, indicating that it may possess an enhanced genetic potential for performance when consuming LD, soybean meal-containing diets.
High methane emissions from thermokarst lakes in subarctic peatlands

The thawing and subsidence of frozen peat mounds (palsas) in permafrost landscapes results in the formation of organic‐rich thermokarst lakes. We examined the effects of palsa degradation on CH4 and CO2 emissions by comparing thermokarst lakes at two peatland locations in subarctic Québec, Canada: in the northern discontinuous permafrost region, and in southern sporadic permafrost where palsas are more rapidly degrading. The lakes were shallow (< 3 m) but stratified at both sites, and most had anoxic bottom waters. The surface waters at both sites were supersaturated in CH4 and CO2, and to a greater extent in the southern lakes, where the surface CH4 concentrations were up to 3 orders of magnitude above air equilibrium. Concentrations of CH4 and CO2 increased by orders of magnitude with depth in the southern lakes, however these gradients were less marked or absent in the North. Strong CH4 and CO2 emissions were associated with gas ebullition, but these were greatly exceeded by diffusive fluxes, in contrast to thermokarst lakes studied elsewhere. Also unusual relative to other studies to date, the surface concentrations of both gases increased as a linear function of water column depth, with highest values over the central, deepest portion of the lakes. Radiocarbon dating of ebullition gas samples showed that the CH4 had 14C‐ages from 760 yr to 2005 yr before present, while the CO2 was consistently younger. Peatland thermokarst lakes may be an increasingly important source of greenhouse gases as the southern permafrost limit continues to shift northwards.
Determinação de variáveis bioquímicas em eqüinos antes e após a participação em prova de enduro Biochemical parameters in horses before and after endurance competition

Abstract Twelve healthy equine females were introduced in a six-week physical training program for participation in endurance competitio nat FCAV – UNESP/Jaboticabal. Biochemical parameters were measured in horses submitted to 40 km way contest. Bloodsamples were collect to determine serum concentrations of total proteins, albumin, urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium,creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase and the plasma concentrations of glucose and ammonia before and after ofcompetition at 0,5; 6; 24 e 48 hour later. An increase of total proteins, creatine kinase, ammonia and fibrinogen concentrationswere observed, as well as, a decrease in potassium concentration. Other biochemical parameters showed no significantchanges during and after the test period. Values biochemical parameters studied presented were within equine physiologicalrange during and after the competition so that test exercise was not able do determine tined ness in these animals.Keywords: blood biochemistry, equines.
Molecular Characterization and Expression Profiling of ENOX2 Gene in Response to Heat Stress in Goats

NADPH oxidase (NOX) proteins are membrane-associated, multi-unit enzymes that catalyze the reduction of oxygen using NADPH as an electron donor. The present study was carried out to analyse expression profile of ENOX2 gene in heat stress susceptible (HSS) and heat stress tolerant (HST) individuals in response to heat stress. The genomic DNA was isolated from blood. The total RNA was isolated from different tissues such as liver, spleen and kidney. High Resolution Melting (HRM) genotyping exhibited two different genotypes in four goat breeds. The relative expression pattern of ENOX2 gene in liver, spleen and kidney showed 7.40 10.01 and 3.92 fold higher expression than control. Barbari, Jamunapari, Jakhrana and Sirohi exhibited 8.11, 10.97, 5.65 and 5.87 higher fold expression than control. Heat stress-susceptible (HSS) and heat stress-tolerant (HST) individuals exhibited 12.45 and 5.41 fold ENOX2 gene expressions than control in response to long term heat stress.
In-Hive Miticides and their Effect on Queen Supersedure and Colony Growth in the Honey Bee ( Apis mellifera )

Honey bees (Apis mellifera) contribute an estimated $200 billion annually to the global economy, primarily through crop pollination. Despite their importance, the number of managed honey bee colonies continues to decline. Recent surveys have shown that colony losses are attributed in great part to problems associated with the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor, and with issues related to poor queen quality (particularly premature queen replacement), which often result in decreased colony productivity and increased risk of mortality. We aimed to investigate how sublethal exposure to beekeeper-applied miticides affects honey bees at both the individual (queen) and colony levels. We did so by comparing the growth (comb built, brood produced, food stored, and worker population), queen supersedure rates, and winter survival probabilities of colonies that were headed by queens that were raised in either miticide-laden or miticide-free beeswax cups then housed in hives that were either treated with miticides or left untreated. Contrary to our prediction, we found that treated colonies headed by queens raised in miticide-laden beeswax built significantly more worker and drone comb, and stored more food, than any other colony treatment. We did not, however, observe any other significant effect of colony treatment on the amount of brood production, worker population size, queen supersedure rate, or colony winter survival. Thus, we failed to observe a direct negative effect of miticide exposure at the colony level. More studies are needed to further test the potentially detrimental synergistic effects of in-hive miticides on honey bee health at the colony level.
Inhibition de la prolifération des bactériophages des bactéries lactiques dans le lait en présence de glucono-δ-lactone

L'effet antiphage de la glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) a ete observe grâce aux variations des cinetiques de croissance bacterienne etablies par impedancemetrie, acidification et denombrements. Des souches de lactocoques, des souches de bacteries lactiques thermophiles et leurs phages associes, ainsi qu'un levain mixte mesophile et les serums phages de fromagerie correspondants ont ete testes. L'effet antiphage de la GDL se manifeste par une reduction du retard d'acidification (retard d'attaque phagique) ou par une absence de retard d'acidification (inhibition d'attaque phagique), lorsque bacteries, phages et GDL sont mis en presence. Un effet activateur de la GDL sur la croissance des bacteries a egalement ete observe. L'addition systematique de GDL au lait permettrait une regularisation des fabrications fromageres.
Response of brown sarson (Brassica campestris var. brown sarson) to integrated nutrient management in mid hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi 2011-12 at the experimental farm of Department of Agronomy, Forages and Grassland Management CSKHPKV, Palampur Himachal Pradesh to study the "Response of brown sarson ( Brassica campestris var. brown sarson) to integrated nutrient management in mid hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh". The treatments comprising of all possible combinations of three biofertilizers viz., Azotobacter , Azotobacter + PSB and no inoculation and four fertility levels viz., 100% RDF, FYM 5.0 t ha -1 + 50% RDF, Vermicompost 5.0 t ha -1 + 50% RDF and control were tested in Factorial Randomized Block Design, replicated three times. Significantly highest plant height was recorded with the application of Azotobacter + PSB over Azotobacter alone and no inoculation at 90, 120 DAS and at harvest. Among different fertility levels, application of 100 per cent RDF being statistically at par with vermicompost 5.0 t ha -1 + 50% RDF produced significantly taller plants as compared to other treatments. Results revealed that growth, yield attributes, seed and straw yields of brown sarson were significantly increased with the application of biofertilizers and different fertility levels over control. The treatment receiving Azotobacter + PSB significantly increased the seed and straw yields followed by Azotobacter and no inoculation. Effect of fertility levels on seed and straw yields showed that 100 per cent RDF resulted in significantly higher seed and straw yield as compared to other fertility levels and control treatment. However, 100 per cent RDF treatment remained at par with vermicompost 5.0 t ha -1 + 50% RDF. The application of biofertilizers and fertility levels could not exhibit any significant effect on harvest index. The increase in seed yield with Azotobacter + PSB was 20.3% over Azotobacter alone.
Arsenobetaine: the ongoing mystery

Arsenobetaine (AsB) is a non-toxic organoarsenical identified as a major arsenic species in marine animals and a number of terrestrial mushrooms. Since its first identification nearly 40 years ago, numerous studies investigating the biosynthesis and function of AsB have been carried out, although molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Where and how is AsB formed? Why do marine animals acquire high concentrations of AsB? This review briefly summarizes the current progress of AsB research toward understanding its origin, function and the putative pathways for its biosynthesis. This paper also suggests potential future studies in the attempt to solve the AsB mystery.
CARBOPOL-HISTIDINE CONJUGATE: A NOVEL CARRIER FOR COLON SPECIFIC DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS

Carbopol is a high molecular weight copolymer of acrylic acid crosslinked with a polyalkenyl polyether. It is an excellent thickener, suspending agent and stabilizer. The gelling property of carbopol retards the release of the drug from the dosage form in stomach upto a certain extent and makes it susceptible to degradation in the colonic environment. In order to make it perfectly colon specific, it was conjugated with the amino acid (histidine) using the azo bond. The azo conjugate of carbopol with histidine was subjected for evaluating its colon targeting property by in-vitro method using rat fecal matter. Our experimental results reveal that the carbopol-histidine conjugate showed promising colon specificity for a period of 120 minutes in a controlled manner. So it can be used as a carrier for formulating colon targeted dosage forms.
Concepts and Methods for Assessing Solute Dynamics in Stream Ecosystems

A stream solute workshop was held February 1-5, 1989, at The University of Mississippi with the goals of 1) suggesting a conceptual model for stream solute studies that integrates physical, chemical, and biological processes, and 2) identifying advantages and limitations of various methods for studying solute transport and exchanges. Solute dynamics refers to the spatial and temporal patterns of transport and transfers of materials that are chemically dissolved in water. Solute transport and exchange processes can be described by solute transport equations that relate solute concentration to advection, dispersion, groundwater and tributary inputs, transient storage zones, and biotic and abiotic transformations. Studies can be based on these model equations even if a full simulation of a particular system is not attempted. Although no common methodological approach can serve every investigation of solute dynamics, experimental approaches represent a range from greatest control and least realism to least control and greatest realism. The model parameters describe processes that can be investigated in laboratory, chamber, and flume experiments designed to reduce confounding experimental variables. Whole-stream studies, particularly solute injection experiments, provide estimates of solute transfer to and from the water column and can be used to calibrate the simulation models. Transport and transfer models can link experimental results obtained at different scales and increase the opportunity for inter-site comparisons and the extrapolation of results between laboratory, chamber, flume, and whole-stream studies.
TRAF4 Inhibits Bladder Cancer Progression by Promoting BMP/SMAD Signaling

Bladder cancer is one of the most prevalent cancer types in the world, frequently exhibiting invasion and metastasis and therefore associated with poor prognosis. It is a progressive disease with high recurrence rates even after surgery, which calls for the urgent need for early intervention and diagnosis. The E3 ubiquitin ligase TNF Receptor Associated Factor 4 (TRAF4) has been largely implicated as a tumour-promoting element in a wide range of cancers. Over-expression and amplification of this gene product has been a common observation in breast and other metastatic tumours. In contrast, we observed that expression of TRAF4 negatively correlated with overall patient survival. Moreover, its expression was repressed at epigenetic levels in aggressive bladder cancer cells. We also describe an ERK kinase phosphorylation site on TRAF4 that inhibits its stability and localization to plasma membrane in such cells. Furthermore, knockdown of TRAF4 in epithelial bladder cancer cell lines leads to gain of mesenchymal genes and a loss of epithelial integrity. Reciprocally, stable over-expression of TRAF4 in mesenchymal cells leads to decreased migratory and invasive properties. Transcriptomic analysis upon TRAF4 mis-expression in bladder cancer cell lines revealed that higher TRAF4 expression enhanced BMP/SMAD and dampened NF-κB signalling pathways. Importantly, this notion was confirmed in bladder cancer patient material. Mechanistically, we showed that TRAF4 targets the E3 ubiquitin ligase SMURF1, a negative regulator of BMP/SMAD signalling, for proteasomal degradation in bladder cancer cells. We show that genetic and pharmacological inhibition of SMURF1 or its function inhibited migration of aggressive (mesenchymal) bladder cancer cells.
Geographical variation in seed and seedling traits of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. JUSS.) among ten populations studied in growth chamber

Nineteen biometric characters of seed and seedling of 10 populations of Azadirachta indica from Myanmar, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and the Sudan were studied under growth chamber conditions. The results obtained by the use of principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis of data revealed three distinct groups of populations. Provenances from the high rainfall areas were separated from lower rainfall areas in PCA. Correlation analyses between biometric traits and geoclimatic factors indicated the existence of ecoclinal variation in seed weight, shoot:root ratio, leaf number, and leaflet ratio. Leaflets of the northern provenances were narrower than those of the southern provenances, with a tendency for a separation between the northern (Pakistan, Myanmar and Bangladesh) and southern occurrences (Sudan and India). Provenances having lower shoot:root ratio and lesser number of leaves were separated with their corresponding mean annual rainfall. The results suggest that A. indica employs an adaptive strategy in response to water deficit at the initial phase of seedling growth and establishment.
Temperature during seed filling and soybean seed germination and vigour

Two soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivars were grown in a phytotron at temperatures of 27/22, 33/28, and 38/33°C (day/night, 10 h day) during seed filling to investigate the effect oftemperature on seed germination and vigour. Some of the seeds produced at 33/28 and 38/33°C were smaller, wrinkled, and shriveled, and had poor quality. Most of these seeds would be removed during conditioning and would not affect the final quality of the seed lot. Standard germination of seeds with no visual abnormalities (i.e., normal seeds that were not wrinkled or shriveled) developing at 33/28°C was 98% or higher, but seed vigour was reduced as shown by an average accelerated ageing germination of 71% (97% at 27/22°C) and an average electrical conductivity of 8.2 mS m -1 g -1 (5.9 mS m -1 g -1 at 27/22°C). Standard germination and vigour of normal seeds developing at 38/33°C were low. The effects of temperature on seed quality were similar for seeds harvested when all pods on a plant were mature and for seeds harvested when each pod reached physiological maturity, suggesting that the effect of temperature occurred during seed development, not after physiological maturity. High temperatures (33/28°C and higher) during seed development reduced soybean seed quality which may explain lower quality in the absence of mechanical injury or seedborne disease.
OCCURRENCE AND SEASONAL POPULATION BEHAVIOUR OF PHYTONEMATODES IN TURMERIC (Curcuma longa L.)

Survey of turmeric ﬁelds in Coimbatore and Periyar districts revealed presence of plant parasitic nematodes like Meloidogyne incognita, Longidorus elongarus, Xiphinema elongatum, Hoplolamus seinhorstii, Helicalylenchus nmlticinctus, Tylenclwrliynclms nuzrn'm', Prarylenclzus delalrrei, Radophalus similis and Rorylenclmlus remformis associated with the crop. Tlle population densities of plant parasitic nematodes in the rhizosphere of turmeric increased with increase it1 crop age and diminished towards crop senescence. Meloidogyize incognila increased tremendously with crop age while Longidorus elongatus, Xipltinema elongarum and Helicotylenclms mullicincrus increased steadily.