Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Overrepresentation of mood and anxiety disorders in adults with autism and their first‐degree relatives: what does it mean?

Research indicates that relatives of individuals with autism have higher rates of affective disorders than both the general population and families of children with other developmental disabilities. In addition, individuals with autism have high rates of co‐morbid mood and anxiety disorders. This study sought to identify possible reasons for these previous findings by documenting the presence of affective disorders in both probands (the individuals with autism) and their family members. A sub‐sample of 17 adults with autism and their first‐degree relatives from the Baltimore Family Study of Autism completed a structured psychiatric interview. The results indicated that the rates of mood and anxiety disorders were 35 and 77%, respectively, for probands, and these disorders were present in at least one first‐degree relative at rates of 71 and 29%, respectively. Exploring patterns within families revealed that 80% of probands with a mother who had a mood disorder history also had a mood disorder themselves, compared to only 16% of probands whose mothers did not have a mood disorder history. The results must be considered preliminary given the small sample size. Replicating these findings in a larger sample would help clarify whether a true increased risk of mood disorder exists, which would have potential implications for prevention efforts and understanding possible genetic mechanisms.
Ethanol lock therapy to treat tunnelled central venous catheter-associated blood stream infections: Results from a prospective trial

In order to assess the efficacy of 70% ethanol locks in addition to antibiotic therapy to treat tunnelled central venous catheter-associated bloodstream infections, a pilot study of 19 patients was performed prospectively using ethanol locks for 5 d in addition to antibiotic therapy to treat tunnelled central venous catheter-associated bacteraemia. 12 patients had mono-microbial infections and 7 had polymicrobial isolates. 17 of 19 patients completed ethanol lock therapy. 15 of 17 patients completing ethanol lock therapy had no recurrence of the original organism and retained their catheter for a median of 36 and an average of 47 d following initiation of ethanol lock therapy. These results demonstrate the safety and potential efficacy of this technique against a broad range of potentially virulent organisms. The intervention was acceptable to both staff and patients with no significant side-effects. These preliminary results from our prospective pilot study suggest that ethanol lock therapy is safe and easily integrated into clinical practice, and may have utility in treating central venous catheter-associated infections, avoiding removal of catheters in patients requiring long-term venous access.
Simultaneous presence of an invasive and a carrier strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a family

Simultaneous carriage of multiple clones of MRSA has rarely been reported. We describe a case of bacteraemia and osteomyelitis due to CA-MRSA and the simultaneous presence of 2 clones of MRSA in a family, 1 strain with an invasive capacity and another strain colonizing several family members.
CHILDHOOD OBESITY, HYPERTENSION, THE METABOLIC SYNDROME AND ADULT CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

1 The worldwide epidemic of obesity in adults has been mirrored in children in developed and developing countries. 2 Central obesity appears to be driving a cluster of abnormalities often referred to as the metabolic syndrome. 3 The definition of the metabolic syndrome in children is not suited to arbitrary cut‐offs and a definition using the significant clustering of risk factors that is already evident in childhood and adolescent populations may be preferable. 4 An Australian population study showed that 25% of 8‐year‐olds and 29% of 14‐year‐olds could be described by the high risk cluster with features similar to adult metabolic syndrome. 5 The high risk cluster was significantly linked to high and low birthweight, shorter duration of breast‐feeding, larger postnatal weight gains after 12 months of age and raised C‐reactive protein, gamma glutamyl transferase and alanine transaminase levels. At‐risk young adults have also been shown to have macroscopic atherosclerosis in post‐mortem studies. 6 Identification of at‐risk children has obvious benefits for the individual and as well, for prevention of a future cohort with raised cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; however, complexities and controversies exist in doing so. Familial, genetic and lifestyle risk factors aggregate and labelling children with predisease may be problematic. Committed political and societal changes are necessary to reduce childhood obesity and subsequent adult cardiovascular disease.
EFFECTS OF ATROPINE ON THE TIME AND FREQUENCY DOMAIN ESTIMATES OF BLOOD PRESSURE AND HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN MICE

1 Indices quantifying blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) variability have been recently developed and may be used to assess the contribution of the autonomic nervous system to cardiovascular fluctuations. 2 Cardiovascular variables were measured in eight conscious mice equipped with a BP telemetric device. Each recording session was conducted when the mice were at rest and included a control period, an injection of atropine methylnitrate (2 mg/kg) and a post‐treatment recording. 3 Time domain indices were the mean pulse interval (PI) and NN (the normal‐to‐normal intervals), mean HR, standard deviation of PI (SDNN), the square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent PI (RMSSD) and the pNN8 (NN8 count divided by the number of NN intervals). Frequency domain indices of HR variability were the low frequency (LF) zone (0.15–0.60 Hz) and the high frequency (HF, respiratory sinus arrhythmia) zone (2.5–5.0 Hz) of the PI power spectrum. The time domain index of spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was the slope of the linear PI and systolic BP relationship obtained using the sequence technique. The frequency domain indices of BRS were the gain of the transfer function between systolic BP and PI in the LF and HF bands. 4 Atropine markedly affected these variables, illustrating vagal predominance under resting conditions in mice. The preferable time and frequency domain indices for quantifying the vagal contribution to HR variability were the pNN8 and the LF gain.
NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE SYMPATHETIC, ENDOTHELIAL AND CORONARY EFFECTS OF NICOTINE

1 Nicotine is a well studied pleiotropic agent which occurs naturally in tobacco smoke and has been largely accused for many of the adverse effects of smoking on the cardiovascular system, including autonomic imbalance, endothelial dysfunction and coronary blood flow dysregulation. 2 The acute sympathoexcitatory effects of smoking on the cardiovascular system are partially mediated by catecholamine release, muscle sympathetic nerve excitation and peripheral chemoreceptor sensitivity increase, consecutive to nicotinic receptor stimulation in the autonomic nervous system. 3 Recent animal data suggest that nicotine promotes the oxidative and inflammatory stress to the endothelium and induces pathological angiogenesis, leading to the progression of the atherosclerotic lesions. 4 Nicotine increases myocardial work without impairing the physiological coronary vasodilatation. Consequently, nicotine per se cannot explain the sudden reduction in coronary flow reserve after exposure to both active and passive smoking. 5 Nicotine's biological effects are characterized by a rapid onset of tolerance, which can explain why nicotine administration does not elicit acute coronary and chemoreflex side‐effect in smokers.
PHYSIOLOGICAL SLEEP‐DEPENDENT CHANGES IN ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE: CENTRAL AUTONOMIC COMMANDS AND BAROREFLEX CONTROL

1 Sleep is a heterogeneous behaviour. As a first approximation, it is subdivided objectively into two states: non‐rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) and rapid eye movement sleep (REMS). 2 The mean value and variability of arterial blood pressure (ABP) decrease physiologically from wakefulness to NREMS. In REMS, there may be a further decrease or increase in mean ABP as well as phasic hypertensive events, which enhance the variability of ABP. 3 The reduced mean ABP during NREMS results from a decrease in either heart rate or sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone. During REMS, sympathetic activity to the different cardiovascular effectors undergoes a substantial repatterning. Thus, the mean ABP in REMS reflects a balance between changes in cardiac output and constriction or dilatation of different vascular beds. 4 In both sleep states, the phasic changes in ABP are driven by bursts of vasoconstriction, which may be accompanied by surges of heart rate. 5 The available evidence supports the hypothesis that the sleep‐dependent changes in ABP, either tonic or phasic, result from the integration between cardiovascular reflexes and central autonomic commands that are specific to each sleep state.
Atlas of Vitreous Biomicroscopy

The Importance and History of Vitreous Biomicroscopy Examination of the Patient Preparation for the Examination Documentation of Vitreous Examination Examination Technique of Vitreous Biomicroscopy Pathological Conditions of the Vitreous Degenerative Changes of the Vitreous Body Opacities in the Vitreous Cavity Vascular Diseases Retinal Breaks Uveitis Macular Diseases Tumors
Platelet Counts, Acute Kidney Injury, and Mortality after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery.

Anesthesiology, V 124 • No 2 339 February 2016 I N the setting of cardiac surgery, postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a common and a serious postoperative complication that affects 30 to 51% of patients, with up to approximately 3% requiring renal replacement therapy.1–3 The physiopathology of postoperative AKI is complex and involves multiple factors such as advanced age, preexisting kidney injury, diabetes mellitus, ischemia–reperfusion injury, altered regional blood flow with vasomotor dysfunction, and inflammatory responses.2,4–8 If the injury progresses to acute renal failure, the survival rate is markedly reduced,9 resource utilization is quadrupled,1 and the quality of life for both patients and their families is often significantly diminished.10 Platelet activation during the cardiac surgery is well recognized, and several studies have shown its role in bleeding, postoperative procoagulable state, and resultant macrothrombotic complications such as perioperative stroke or What We Already Know about This Topic
Isolation and characterization of novel multifunctional recombinant family 26 glycoside hydrolase from Mehsani buffalo rumen metagenome

Rumen microbiota harbor a diverse set of carbohydrate‐active enzymes (CAZymes), which play a crucial role in the degradation of a complex plant polysaccharide thereby providing metabolic energy to the host animals. Earlier, we reported CAZYme analysis from the buffalo rumen metagenome by high throughput shotgun sequencing. Among the various CAZymes, glycoside hydrolase family 26 (GH26) enzymes have a number of industrial applications including in paper, oil, biofuel, food, feed, pharmaceutical, coffee, and detergent industries. Here, we report isolation and characterization of GH26 enzyme from the buffalo rumen metagenome. A novel GH26 gene composed of 1,119 base pairs was successfully amplified using the gene‐specific primers inferred based on the contig generated from metagenome sequence assembly and cloned in a pET32a (+) expression vector as an N‐terminal histidine tag fusion protein. A novel GH26 protein from an unknown rumen microorganism shared a maximum of 68% identity with the Prevotella ruminicola 23 encoded carbohydrate esterase family 7 and 46% with Bacteroides sp. 2_1_33B encoded mannan endo‐1, 4‐β‐mannosidase. The recombinant GH26‐histidine tag fusion protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using Ni‐NTA affinity chromatography. The purified enzyme displayed multifunctional activities against various carbohydrate substrates including locust bean gum, beechwood xylan, pectin, and carboxymethyl cellulose suggesting mannanase, xylanase, pectin esterase, and endoglucanase activities, respectively.
GROWTH HORMONE ATTENUATES MYOCARDIAL FIBROSIS IN RATS WITH CHRONIC PRESSURE OVERLOAD‐INDUCED LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY

1 The role of growth hormone (GH) in cardiac remodelling and function in chronic and persistent pressure overload‐induced left ventricular hypertrophy has not been defined. The aim of the present study was to assess short‐term GH treatment on left ventricular function and remodelling in rats with chronic pressure overload‐induced hypertrophy. 2 Twenty‐six weeks after induction of ascending aortic stenosis (AAS), rats were treated with daily subcutaneous injections of recombinant human GH (1 mg/kg per day; AAS‐GH group) or saline (AAS‐P group) for 14 days. Sham‐operated animals served as controls. Left ventricular function was assessed by echocardiography before and after GH treatment. Myocardial fibrosis was evaluated by histological analysis. 3 Before GH treatment, AAS rats presented similar left ventricular function and structure. Treatment of rats with GH after the AAS procedure did not change bodyweight or heart weight, both of which were higher in the AAS groups than in the controls. After GH treatment, posterior wall shortening velocity (PWSV) was lower in the AAS‐P group than in the control group. However, in the AAS‐GH group, PWSV was between that in the control and AAS‐P groups and did not differ significantly from either group. Fractional collagen (% of total area) was significantly higher in the AAS‐P and AAS‐GH groups compared with control (10.34 ± 1.29, 4.44 ± 1.37 and 1.88 ± 0.88%, respectively; P < 0.05) and was higher still in the AAS‐P group compared with the AAS‐GH group. 4 The present study has shown that short‐term administration of GH to rats with chronic pressure overload‐induced left ventricular hypertrophy induces cardioprotection by attenuating myocardial fibrosis.
Thermostabilization of Aspergillus oryzae β‐d‐galactosidase

The thermal stability of the Aspergillus oryzae β‐d‐galactosidase (β‐gal) was evaluated at 60 °C. The stability of β‐gal was dependent on the pH, buffer, and additives. The β‐gal exhibited its highest thermal stability in a 0.02 M phosphate buffer pH 6. Among all the tested additives, galactose, a competitive inhibitor of β‐gal, was the upmost thermal stabilizer. A 0.15 M galactose solution caused β‐gal to retain a whole of 98.65% of its initial activity after incubation at 60 °C for 2 H. The second best thermal stabilizer of β‐gal was raffinose. A 0.15 M raffinose‐β‐gal mixture retained 84.41% of its initial activity after incubation at 60 °C for 2 H, whereas the control retained only 61.02%. The results of this study also revealed that all the tested positively charged polymers (diethylaminoethyl [DEAE] dextran and polyethyleneimine [PEI] 800, 2,000, 750,000 Da) significantly destabilized β‐gal. However, these positively charged polymers exerted different effects on the β‐gal's activity. PEI 750,000 significantly activated the enzyme, while DEAE dextran and PEI 800 did not exert any significant effects on the β‐gal's activity. Nevertheless, PEI 2,000 significantly activated the enzyme.
The Effect of Symptom Experience and Resilience on Quality of Life in Patients with Colorectal Cancers

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the influence of resilience and symptom experience on quality of life. Methods: Seventy five patients in an active treatment stage were recruited from 2 hospitals between October and December 2010. A survey including perceived health status, physical functional status, the symptom experience index, resilience, and the functional assessment of cancer therapy-colorectal (FACT-C) was completed. Results: The level of FACT-C was 86.61 (±18.91), which was higher than for patients with colostomy, but lower than for patients in a rehabilitation stage. Participants without physical functional limitations showed higher level of both resilience and quality of life. Participants with bad health status showed a lower level of both resilience and quality of life and higher level of symptom experience. The quality of life was related to the level of resilience (β=.373), symptom experience (β=-.292), and perceived health status (β=-3.961). Conclusion: Proactive nursing approaches to manage symptoms and to improve perceived health status would enhance the quality of life of colorectal cancer patients. Furthermore, various strategies to strengthen the level of resilience should be developed.
An Association of ARG399GLN Polymorphism of XRCC1 Gene with a Risk of Colorectal Cancer

Rak jelita grubego jest jednym z najcześciej diagnozowanych nowotworow. Zaburzenia procesu naprawy DNA mogą lezec u podstaw procesu transformacji nowotworowej. Dane z piśmiennictwa wskazują, ze polimorfizmy genow naprawy DNA, w tym Arg399Gln genu XRCC1, związane byc mogą z ryzykiem wystepowania raka jelita grubego. Celem pracy bylo określenie związku polimorfizmu Arg399Gln genu XRCC1 z wystepowaniem raka jelita grubego w populacji polskiej. Badania i zrozumienie molekularnych podstaw procesu powstawania raka jelita grubego pozwolą na typowanie osob nalezących do grupy wysokiego ryzyka. Material i metodyka. Jako material wykorzystano 150 pacjentow z potwierdzonym histopatologicznie rakiem jelita grubego jako grupe badaną i 170 zdrowych osob jako grupe kontrolną. Analiza genotypow prowadzona byla metodą PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Wyniki. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badan uzyskano wyniki wskazujące, iz genotyp Gln/Gln jest powiązany ze zwiekszonym ryzykiem wystąpienia raka jelita grubego (OR 1,984; Cl 95% 1,070-3,677; p=0,029) oraz ze genotyp Arg/Gln jest czynnikiem ryzyka dla progresji wzrostu guza (OR 3,52; Cl 95% 1,157-10,707; p=0,023). Wnioski. Na podstawie uzyskanych wynikow wnioskujemy, iz polimorfizm Arg399Gln genu XRCC1 moze byc powiązany z wystepowaniem raka jelita grubego. Slowa kluczowe: rak jelita grubego, czynniki ryzyka, polimorfizm genow
Long Term Complications of Diabetes – A Review

Abstract It is estimated that subclinical DM (diabetes mellitus) has the onset about 10 years before the appearance of actual clinical manifestations, leading to uncontrolled chronic complications. Many trials have pursued the onset and evolution of the DM chronic complications in order to obtain a full picture that allows the development of prevention strategies, treatments and DM costs reduction.
Popular diets, body weight and health: What is scientifically documented?

This overview focuses on the scientific support for selected popular diets; the Atkins diet, glycaemic index methods, the Montignac diet and the palaeolithic diet. The practical application of the diets, and their nutritional composition, in comparison with official dietary recommendations, are also discussed. In conclusion, any diet reducing energy intake may be effective in short-term weight reduction. However, the long-term safety and efficacy of the popular diets need more research to be supported, and the burden of evidence should be placed on the promoters of the diets. Keywords: Atkins; glycaemic index; Montignac; palaeolithic diet
4‐Phenyl butyric acid does not generally reduce glucose levels in rodent models of diabetes

1. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 4‐phenyl butyric acid (PBA), a novel chemical chaperone reducing ER stress, on serum glucose level in different strains of normal and diabetic rodents.
Atorvastatin increases expression of low‐density lipoprotein receptor mRNA in human circulating mononuclear cells

1. 3‐Hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) inhibitors, or statins, are commonly used to lower plasma cholesterol levels. HMGCR and the low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR) are of central importance to cholesterol homeostasis and yet there is a paucity of data on the effect of statins on the regulation of the LDLR and HMGCR in humans.
Clinical dosimetric impact of Acuros XB and analytical anisotropic algorithm (AAA) on real lung cancer treatment plans : review

Photon dose calculation algorithms in treatment planning system could affect the accuracy of dose delivery when tissue heterogeneity is involved along the beam path. Treatment planning for lung cancer is challenging, especially in the case of treatment plan involving small fields. The combination of low-density (air) medium and small fields cause charge particle disequilibrium nears the air/tissue interface. Beam modeling within the dose calculation algorithms must also employ an accurate method of accounting tissue heterogeneity corrections in order to avoid dose overestimation or underestimation. Analytical anisotropic algorithm (AAA) is one of the widely tested and validated dose calculation algorithms in external beam photon radiation therapy. Recently, Acuros XB (AXB) was made available for photon dose calculations, and several studies have demonstrated better dose prediction accuracy of the AXB over AAA. This article reviews the results from the treatment planning studies, which have investigated the clinical dosimetric impact of the AXB and AAA on real lung cancer treatment plans. -------------------------------------- Cite this article as: Rana S. Clinical dosimetric impact of Acuros XB and analytical anisotropic algorithm (AAA) on real lung cancer treatment plans: review. Int J Cancer Ther Oncol 2014; 2 (1):02019. DOI : http://dx.doi. org/10.14319/ijcto.0201. 9
Nefronía focal aguda bacteriana: diagnóstico, tratamiento y evolución

Acute lobar nephronia is a focal form of acute bacterial renal infection. The prevalence of this disease is low. We report four cases of acute lobar nephronia. Three patients were diagnosed among 77 patients admitted to hospital for acute pyelonephritis. The fourth case was atypical and associated with epidermolysis bullosa. All cases were diagnosed by renal ultrasonography and the diagnosis was confirmed by computed tomographic examination in two patients with poor clinical course. A small abscess was detected in one patient. Urine cultures were positive in three of the four patients. Acute lobar nephronia is a radiological diagnosis and requires aggressive treatment and strict follow-up due to the risk of renal abscesses. Because the clinical manifestations are insidious and laboratory findings can be contradictory, this entity should be suspected in patients with poor clinical course or alterations on renal ultrasonography. Medical treatment is usually sufficient and prognosis is generally good.
Management und sozialpolitische Aspekte sexuell übertragener Infektionen

Die Erkrankung an einer STI erhöht das Risiko beträchtlich, sich auch mit HIV zu infizieren. Im Rahmen dieser Übersicht kann und soll nicht auf die Vielfalt aller STI eingegangen werden. Vielmehr sollen neben dem Repetitorium aktuelle Aspekte aus der Praxis in Deutschland stehen, wie sie sich für den Frauenarzt täglich überraschend ergeben können und wie sie ein zügiges, zielstrebiges Handeln oder eine Weichenstellung hin zur Fachabteilung verlangen.