Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense: mechanical transmission by tsetse, Glossina morsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae), in the laboratory.

Two recent isolates of T. b. rhodesiense (LVH-32 and LVH-34), as well as a clone (WRATat 1), have been shown to be transmitted mechanically by the bites of teneral male tsetses, G. morsitans . Mechanical transmission was effected by infecting flies in vitro and by feeding flies on infected mice, then interrupting the initial feeding and allowing flies to feed on clean, normal mice. Interruption time generally varied from 5 s to 1 min. Mechanical transmission rates varied from 4.9% of flies (in vitro infectious feeding) to 50.9% of flies (in vivo infectious feeding). Prepatent periods ranged from day 8 to day 28 ($\bar x$ = 18.0 ± 14.1) using in vitro infectious feeding and from day 8 to day 22 ($\bar x$ = 9.8 ± 3.7) using in vivo infectious feeding. In the in vivo infection study, 17.7% of mechanically transmitting flies vs. 0% of nontransmitting flies became cyclically infected. Additionally, mortality in mechanically transmitting flies (37.0%) was much higher than in nontransmitting flies (7.7%). Flies appear to be highly capable of mechanical transmission with short interruption times under laboratory conditions. Intensive field studies of fly feeding behavior and the interaction of flies with infected reservoir hosts would be required to verify the importance of mechanical transmission under field conditions.
The Importance of Human Resource Planning in Industrial Enterprises

Abstract Human resource planning in the business practice should represent generally used and key activity for human resource management because human resource planning helps to make optimum utilisation of the human resources in the enterprise and it helps to avoid wastage of human resources. Human resource planning allows to forecast the future manpower requirements and also to forecast the number and type of employees who will be required by the enterprise in a near future. In the long term period, success of any enterprise depends on whether the right people are in the right places at the right time, which is the nature of human resource planning. The aim of this contribution is to explain the importance of human resource planning and to outline results of questionnaire survey which it was realized in industrial enterprises.
Monitoring the Dynamics of Brand Equity Using Store-Level Data

Management of brand equity has come to be viewed as critical to a brand's optimal long-term performance. The authors evaluate the usefulness of brand equity estimates obtained from store-level data for monitoring the health of a brand. They use a random coefficients logit demand model calibrated on store-level scanner data to track brand equity estimates over time in two consumer packaged goods categories that experienced several new product introductions during the period of the empirical investigation. Using these tracked measures, the authors also study the impact of marketing actions, such as advertising, sales promotions, and product innovations, on brand equity. They find that the brand equity estimates effectively capture the high equity of strongly positioned popular brands and brands that command a significant price premium in niche markets. Using an example, the authors illustrate how these brand equity estimates can be used to monitor changes in brand equity, which measures such as market share may fail to capture. The substantive results indicate that advertising has a positive effect on brand equity in both the product categories, whereas the effect of sales promotions is not significant in either category. Furthermore, the results reveal that new product innovations have a positive impact on brand equity and can explain a significant proportion of its variation. Overall, the analysis shows that a brand manager can track brand equity using store-level data, gain insights into the drivers of the brand's equity, and manage these drivers to achieve brand equity targets.
Bridging the BMP and Wnt Pathways by PI3 Kinase/Akt and 14-3-3?

MP, PTEN, and Wnt/b-catenin pathways are the three signaling pathways that control normal development and regeneration of the intestine, and contribute to intestinal polyposis when aberrant inactivation or activation occurs in each of these pathways. Using genetic targeting of BMPR1A in mice, we show that inactivation of BMP signaling results in multiple polyps due to an increased number of crypts and stem cells, accompanied by enhanced Wnt signaling in all proliferating intestine cells. However the increased transcriptional activity of Wnt effecter protein, b-catenin, is found primarily in intestine stem cells (ISCs). Concurrently, PTEN, an inhibitor of PI3K/Akt pathway, is also primarily inactivated in the ISCs, leading to activation of Akt. Thus, Akt may contribute to activation of b-catenin in ISCs in coordination with Wnt signaling. By conducting a proteomic analysis of the b-catenin complex, we show that 14-3-3z exists in the b-catenin complex and facilitates activation of b-catenin by Akt, which, intriguingly, appears to be predominantly in ISCs. Thus, we propose that BMP signaling plays a role in inhibition of ISC self-renewal through suppression of Wnt/b-catenin signaling in ISC, and this cross-talk is bridged, at least in part, through the PTEN/Akt pathway and further enforced by 14-3-3z.
Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi terhadap Keberhasilan Pengembangan E-Government

Since the issuance of Presidential Instruction No. 3 / 2003 and Law No. 14/2008, government agencies ranging from central to district level are trying to be the leader in implementing e-government in meeting the information disclosure to the public. Up to this moment, the Ministry of Religious Affairs is still far from perfect in implementing e-Governement as can be seen that very few of them using e-mail as a means of communication and website as a tool to provide better information to the public as well as to support internal organization activities The objective of this research is to study the impact of organization's culture on the successful development and implementation of e-government using measurement method of organizational culture developed by Luthans (1998) where organizational culture is the norms and values that drive the behavior of members of the organizatio having behavioural dimensions of people, structure, technology, and the organization’s environment. The e-Government itself is measured by its benefits. Using Structural Equation Model (SEM) it was found that the organizational culture significantly influence the successful development of and implementation of e-Government where the most significant factors are people dimension and the external environment.
Strategy in Emerging Economies

Emerging economies are low-income, rapid-growth countries using economic liberalization as their primary engine of growth. They fall into two groups: developing countries in Asia, Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East and transition economies in the former Soviet Union and China. Private and public enterprises have had to develop unique strategies to cope with the broad scope and rapidity of economic and political change in emerging economies. This Special Research Forum on Emerging Economies examines strategy formulation and implementation by private and public enterprises in several different regional settings and from three primary theoretical perspectives: institutional theory, transaction cost economics, and the resource-based view of the firm. In this introduction, we show how different theoretical perspectives can provide useful insights into enterprise strategies in emerging economies. We discuss the special methodological as well as empirical challenges associated with doing research in emer.
Configurable architecture for memory BIST

The number of memory components in today's chips is increasing considerably. Through the limitations on area and number of test pins, it is not feasible to use a separate BIST architecture for testing every memory on the chip. Therefore, it is essential to have a configurable BIST architecture. In this paper, a configurable memory BIST architecture that can test different memories having different sizes and configurations with an arbitrary test algorithm is proposed.
Mega event and destination brand: 2010 Shanghai Expo

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to analyze Chinese tourists' perceptions toward the 2010 World Expo and the impact of a mega event on the host city and visitor satisfaction.Design/methodology/approach – Guided by the conceptualization of hosting special events for destination branding, this study examines empirically tourists' perceptions and experiences of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo and the host city. Ten hypotheses were tested using SEM to identify and analyze the factors and relationships that influence mega events and host cities.Findings – Data collected from 600 tourists who visited the 2010 Shanghai World Expo provide support for the proposed model. The empirical test provides support for eight of the ten hypotheses and it reveals that the hosting of the World Expo had significant positive impact on Shanghai but not vice versa, and the Chinese tourists exhibited loyalty to the host city.Research limitations/implications – Using a moving event such as Expo, the Shanghai brand is simplified.
DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS INFLUENCE ON THE ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION AMONG STUDENTS IN CHENNAI CITY

People may decide to start businesses when and because they recognize—perhaps unexpectedly—specific entrepreneurial opportunities. The thought of becoming an entrepreneur may not have even occurred to them before this idea came into view. Others may decide to start ventures and undergo a Search for ideas. Entrepreneurs may recognize opportunities well in advance, or just before they set up their businesses. Consequently, the perception of opportunities relative to new business starts can take many different paths.
A high-speed method of detecting contact-state transitions and its implementation in a task-coordinate manipulation system

We have developed a highly reliable method of detecting contact-state transitions in real time. In the detection algorithm, feature variables, which fluctuate abruptly when a contact state transition occurs, are selected. The differential of the feature trajectory is monitored to distinguish the transition region from the stable region. To confirm that a state transition has actually occurred in the region, the duration of the region is measured. With this method, a contact-state transition can be detected with a 40-msec delay. We also have developed an experimental manipulation system, in which motion execution management and motion monitoring and execution modules operate independently. Using transputers and a six-degree-of-freedom direct-drive manipulator, a square-peg insertion task is carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the detection method in an actual environment. The experimental results show that contact-state transitions can be accurately detected and that motion commands can be quickly switched by using the detected transition information.
Escapist Motives for Playing On-Line Games: Preliminary Results from an Exploratory Survey

Social games have become popular along with the tremendous growth of social networking sites, esp. Facebook. There is a gap in literature on what motivates people to play Facebook games. This paper studies social games usage behavior of students. We focus on escapist reasons, based on Warmelink, Harteveld and Mayer’s framework (2009) of escapist motives, which identifies four main motives for playing on-line games: mundane breaking, stress relieving, pleasure seeking, and imagination conjuring. In the paper, we report preliminary findings from an exploratory questionnaire survey. Besides importance of escapist motives for playing Facebook and other on-line games, we investigate how they are linked to demographic data such as: age, gender, place of origin, along with other social interactions patterns and social network usage behavior, current gaming status and an estimate of gaming time. According to our study, only 10% of respondents, who have started to play Facebook games, continued to play them. The most important motives for playing games is mundane breaking, the second reason is pleasure seeking, the third is stress relieving, and the least important is imagination conjuring.
Comparative Studies on the Characteristics of Some Geographical Strains of Schistosoma mansoni in Mice and Hamsters

In the First Report of the W. H. O. Expert Committee on Bilharziasis (1953) it was stated: “Infection with Schistosoma is often well tolerated and without clinical signs, however this relative benignity appears to vary considerably from country to country, without the cause of these variations being as yet thoroughly understood”. This statement refers to the relative absence of serious manifestations of schistosomiasis as has been reported by various investigators working in Africa, e.g. Ramsay (1934) working in Nigeria, Dixon (1934) and Fisher (1934) in the Congo, Gelfand (1950) in Southern Rhodesia, Mackey (1953) in Tanganyika, Manson-Bahr (1958) in Kenya and Nelson (1959) in Uganda as compared with the situation reported in Egypt and South America.
Morphometry of non-native black bullhead Ameiurus melas from Slovakia

The study on the external morphology of the non-native black bullhead (Ameiurus melas) was carried out on a population from Slovakia, based on triple regression and geometrical analysis. The breakpoints distribution in distance-based morphometric characters indicated that black bullhead reached its definitive phenotype early in ontogeny. Ontogenetic changes in external morphology occurred continuously throughout the whole size-range of the sample examined, and inter-individual morphological variation was very low. Such uniformity may reflect the possible founder effect and/or little phenotypic plasticity of this non-native population. No sexual dimorphism was observed. This is the first detailed study on external morphology of the species, and as such it contributes to the assessment of phenotypic plasticity and/or overall morphological variability of black bullhead’s invasive populations.
Molecular aspects of immunoglobulin A1 degradation by oral streptococci

Using a panel of 143 strains classified according to a novel taxonomic system for oral viridans-type streptococci, we reexamined the ability of oral streptococci to attack human immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) molecules with IgA1 protease or glycosidases. IgA1 protease production was an exclusive property of all strains belonging to Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus oralis (previously S. mitior) and of some strains of Streptococcus mitis biovar 1. These are all dominant initiators of dental plaque formation. Degradation of the carbohydrate moiety of IgA1 molecules accompanied IgA1 protease activity in S. oralis and protease-producing strains of S. mitis biovar 1. Neuraminidase and beta-galactosidase were identified as extracellular enzymes in organisms of these taxa. By examination with enzyme-neutralizing antisera, four distinct IgA1 proteases were detected in S. sanguis biovars 1 to 3, S. sanguis biovar 4, S. oralis, and strains of S. mitis, respectively. The cleavage of IgA1 molecules by streptococcal IgA proteases was found to be influenced by their state of glycosylation. Treatment of IgA1 with bacterial (including streptococcal) neuraminidase increased susceptibility to protease, suggesting a cooperative activity of streptococcal IgA1 protease and neuraminidase. In contrast, a decrease in susceptibility was observed after extensive deglycosylation of the hinge region with endo-alpha-N acetylgalactosaminidase. The effector functions of IgA antibodies depend on the carbohydrate-containing Fc portion. Hence, the observation that oral streptococci may cleave not only the alpha 1 chains but also the carbohydrate moiety of IgA1 molecules suggests that the ability to evade secretory immune mechanisms may contribute to the successful establishment of these bacteria in the oral cavity.
Factors influencing word of mouth effectiveness: receiver perspectives

Purpose – Word of mouth (WOM) is becoming increasingly recognized as an important form of promotion, particularly within professional services environments, where credence qualities play a critical role in consumers' choices. The present paper seeks to explore the factors that are likely to enhance the chances that receivers of positive word of mouth might be influenced by such information.Design/methodology/approach – The study examines findings from six focus group discussions and 103 critical incident forms.Findings – The findings suggest that the potential for WOM to impact on perceptions or on actions depends on the nature of the sender‐receiver relationship, the richness and strength of the message and its delivery, and various personal and situational factors.Research limitations/implications – The findings are tentative and based on a relatively small sample; however, they provide a useful framework for future research into the process of WOM.Practical implications – The importance of WOM in marke.
Formal Methods for Pattern Based Reliability Analysis in Embedded Systems

A wide variety of periodic tasks in embedded systems require reliable service guarantees under a given fault distribution. Reliable execution requires the periodic task to be replicated more often under normal circumstances so that the desired service throughput is achieved under the fault distribution. This paper presents a formal approach for verifying whether an input distribution meets the desired service guarantee under a fault distribution, where all the distributions are specified in real time calculus. The proposed methodology leverages the recently discovered relationship between real time calculus specifications and omega-regular languages.
Programa TEIA: Tecendo a Rede de Economia Solidária TEIA Program: weaveeing the Solidary Economy Net

Resumo: O Teia é um programa de extensão universitária, que articula 17 projetos que buscam tornar a extensão um instrumento significativo de mudanças nas próprias instituições e nos espaços sociais onde essas instituições estão inseridas. Tem como princípio o resgate e a valorização do conhecimento local realizados na busca do desenvolvimento de uma consciência ambiental, em ações de inclusão social e na construção de novas propostas metodológicas, no campo ou na cidade, que potencializem a troca de experiências e da reflexão conjunta entre todos. Especificamente busca criar e fortalecer uma rede de economia solidária entre as comunidades envolvidas, avançando no sentido da construção de Políticas Públicas contextualizadas. Os projetos se articulam em torno de três núcleos onde são realizadas as ações contínuas que fortalecem o trabalho coletivo. Atualmente os núcleos relacionam-se numa rede de economia solidária que vem sendo constituída gradativamente, consolidando as ações em exercícios de feiras de trocas, onde alguns produtos e serviços começam a ser trocados. Palavras-chave: economia solidária – redes sociais – desenvolvimento sustentável Abstract: TEIA is a University Extension Program that articulates 17 Projects, which search to turn Extension in a significant instrument of changes in the proper Institutions and social spaces where these Institutions are inserted. One of the principle of TEIA is the rescue and valuation of the local knowledge made through the development of an environmental awareness, in social inclusion actions and construction of new methodological proposals, in the countryside or in the city. The idea is to promote the exchange of experiences and joint reflection by everyone. Specifically it searches to create and fortify a Solidary Economy Net among the involved communities, advancing in direction for the construction of contextualized Public Politics. The Projects articulate themselves around three Nuclei where continuous actions have been fulfilled fortifying the collective work. Nowadays the nuclei relate themselves in a Solidary Economy Net that is constituted gradually, consolidating the actions in exercises of exchange fairs, where some products and services start to be changed.
Banking Outreach and Household level Access: Analyzing Financial Inclusion in India 1

Since the time of classical thinkers like Adam Smith the role of finance in the development of the economy has been realized. Equally important is access to finance by all segments of the society, i.e. inclusive nature of financial system. Some important dimensions of financial inclusion are that all sections of the society should have timely and adequate availability of financial services to ensure access at affordable cost. In India, there has been a lot of academic and public policy discourse in the recent times on financial inclusion. This study attempts to measure and understand financial inclusion by looking at supply of (banking outreach indicators such as number of deposit and credit accounts, number of bank branches, average deposit and credit amount per account and credit utilized) and demand for (indicators of household level access such as the proportion of households having saving, credit and insurance facilities) financial services. Separate composite Financial Inclusion Indices (FIIs) using both the data sets are calculated for the year 2002-03 (as the most recent household level data available is for this year) for all the States/Union Territories of India and used as complementary to each other to get a comprehensive picture. In both the cases, one observes a lot of variation across states, for rural and urban regions. Even within a state, differences are clearly evident between rural and urban areas for the different indicators considered. The presence of informal sector in providing financial services is significant, especially in rural areas. Thus, from a policy perspective, two things are relevant. One is to widen the ambit of policy initiatives under financial inclusion, which will reduce the dependency on informal source of financial services, particularly credit. Second, is to provide greater focus on vulnerable states/regions in providing access to financial services on which they are lagging.
Evolutionary Comparison of Ribosomal Operon Antitermination Function

ABSTRACT Transcription antitermination in the ribosomal operons of Escherichia coli results in the modification of RNA polymerase by specific proteins, altering its basic properties. For such alterations to occur, signal sequences in rrn operons are required as well as individual interacting proteins. In this study we tested putative rrn transcription antitermination-inducing sequences from five different bacteria for their abilities to function in E. coli. We further examined their response to the lack of one known rrn transcription antitermination protein from E. coli, NusB. We monitored antitermination activity by assessing the ability of RNA polymerase to read through a factor-dependent terminator. We found that, in general, the closer the regulatory sequence matched that of E. coli, the more likely there was to be a successful antitermination-proficient modification of the transcription complex. The rrn leader sequences from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Caulobacter crescentus all provided various levels of, but functionally significant antitermination properties to, RNA polymerase, while those of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Thermotoga maritima did not. Possible RNA folding structures of presumed antitermination sequences and specific critical bases are discussed in light of our results. An unexpected finding was that when using the Caulobacter crescentus rrn leader sequence, there was little effect on terminator readthrough in the absence of NusB. All other hybrid antitermination system activities required this factor. Possible reasons for this finding are discussed.