Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving the Readability of Automated Unit Test Case Generation

Automated unit testing tools are mainly used for to reduce the cost and time of testing activities. It will produce a large number of unittests. One of the automated unit testing tool is EVOSUITE that can be automatically generates test cases. Adeveloper would need to read and understand these tests cases throughout software development and evolution. However, generated tests are more difficulttoread and understand. Unreadable tests are difficult to maintain and time-consuming process to the developers. In this paper an approach, coined Evosuite Enhancer is used to overcome this problem by adding comments to the unit tests and replacing the method name, with the aim of improving the readability of generated tests.To evaluate the improvement of readability, a controlled experiment is performed with 50 students and takes a readability scores and post-test questionnaires from them. The results from that experiment users prefer this approach and easy to read and understand the testcases.
Aplicación de metaheurísticas para la resolución de problemas de optimización dinámica

Resumen Este proyecto de investigación se enfoca en la resolución de problemas de optimización a gran escala utilizando nuevas técnicas metaheurísticas, así como también su hibridación con las ya existentes. Actualmente estamos abocados al estudio del problema de diseño de redes de distribución de agua, problema al que se enfrentan las ciudades modernas con restricciones cambiantes. Este problema lo abordamos mediante el uso de metaheurísticas como Simulated Annealing y Cuckoo Search con resultados muy prometedores.
Embedding Data in to an Image Using Sequences

Innovation of technology and having fast Internet makes distribution of information over the worldeasy and economical. This has made people to worry about their privacy and works. We present a techniquethat prevents unauthorized users to have access to important data. Steganography and digital watermarkingprovide methods so that users can hide and mix their information within other information that make it difficult torecognize by attackers. In this paper, wepresent a technique of embedding data using sequences into an Image.
Mobile Robot Localization Using Optical Mouse Sensor and Encoder Based on Kalman Filter Algorithm

An optical mouse sensor is widely used to estimate the dead reckoning motion of a mobile robot because of its potential to overcome the estimation error caused by the robot wheel slippage. However, motion estimation using an optical sensor is vulnerable to signal noise and kinematic error. To reduce the error associated with the coordinate estimation for a mobile robot, this study presents a new localization algorithm based on the Kalman filter, which uses an optical mouse sensor together with an encoder sensor of driving wheels. Experiments were conducted to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm in the case when an insufficient number of optical mouse sensors is used.
Determinación de ácidos grasos no esterificados, β-hidroxibutirato, triacilglicerol y colesterol durante el balance energético negativo en vacas Holstein

The objective of the present work was to quantify the concentration of non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, triacylglycerol and cholesterol during the negative energy balance, in Holstein cows. The study was carried out by sampling and analyzing 250 blood sera obtained from 50 Holstein cows. After delivery, the first sampling was performed at 7 d, the second at 15 d and the three remaining at 30, 45 and 60 d. Mean values for non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, triacylglycerol and cholesterol were determined. The resulting data set was analyzed by Gaussian distribution and descriptive statistics. Confidence intervals of 95% were established. The comparison between groups was carried out by Analysis of Variance and frequency histogram. The non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate and triacylglycerol, are consistent with the values reported internationally. The cholesterol concentration showed a slightly higher value than the references. The AGNE did not present differences between groups, the β-hydroxybutyrate registered its highest value at 15 d postpartum, and lowest at 60 d postpartum. Triacylglycerol and cholesterol showed their highest concentration at 60 d postpartum, and the lowest at 15 d postpartum. The calculated confidence intervals could be used at the herd level to detect alert situations when at least 5% of the cows in the sample fall outside the reference range.
Design of a digit-serial multiplier over GF(2m) using a karatsuba algorithm

ABSTRACT A Karatsuba algorithm (KA) is used for highly accurate multiplication using a divide and conquer approach. A new approach to a polynomial digit-serial multiplier that uses an optimal digit size (d) for KA decomposition has recently been proposed. In this study, the proposed architecture uses three small multipliers to derive an optimal digit size (d) for the case of trinomial based fields. Using the proposed KA decomposition, this study establishes five types of sub-quadratic multipliers, which are, the recombined m-bit exponentiation multipliers using a KA. The theoretical results show that the proposed polynomial exponentiation multipliers that use a KA have a value of (d × m)/2 and involve significantly less time and area complexity than existing digit-serial multipliers. The simulation results for the proposed method demonstrate a respective 68.20%, 77.37%, 72%, 83.18%, 36.66% decrease in area × time over GF(236), GF(284), GF(2126), GF(2204) and GF(2340).
An Active Antenna Subarray for the Low-Frequency Radio Telescope GURT—Part I: Design and Theoretical Model

The new Giant Ukrainian Radio Telescope (GURT) intended for operation in 8–80 MHz range is now under construction. It employs an active phased array antenna composed of many dipole subarrays, several of which have been implemented and now are used for radio astronomy observations. In this two-part paper, the electrical and noise parameters of the subarray are studied by numerical and experimental ways. In this part, a theoretical model of the subarray based on the wave theory of noisy multiport networks that takes into account the mutual coupling in the dipole array placed over imperfect ground and the correlation between all existing noise sources is proposed. It is assumed that the initial parameters for this model should be obtained using the correct electromagnetic and circuit simulation. A technique for using of this model to calculate the effective area, radiation efficiency, internal and external noise temperatures, as well as sensitivity of the subarray in terms of system equivalent flux density (SEFD) for all possible beam directions in the frequency band of the GURT radio telescope is described.
Robust finite‐time stabilization of a class of high‐order stochastic nonlinear systems subject to output constraint and disturbances

In this paper, the robust stabilization problem is addressed for a class of high‐order stochastic nonlinear systems with output constraints and disturbances by using finite‐time control technique. One of the features of the considered stochastic systems is that the fractional powers are allowed to be any positive odd rational numbers, rather than grater than or equal to one. By constructing a novel tan‐type barrier Lyapunov function and using the adding a power integrator technique, the explicit steps on how to construct a backstepping‐like finite‐time controller have been developed to handle the robust stabilization and output constraint. Rigorous mathematical proof shows that the system states will finite‐time converge to a small region of the origin and the output constraint can be kept. Finally, a simulation example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
A P300 auditory brain-computer interface based on mental repetition

Objective. The current study evaluates an auditory brain-computer interface (BCI) protocol that allows users to mentally choose among 6 options. Methods. The protocol is based on an oddball P300 paradigm. To reduce mental workload, we introduce a change in the typical oddball paradigm task: instead of passively counting the presented target auditory stimuli, we ask participants to simply mentally repeat them when they occur. In the study, ten healthy participants carried out two calibration sessions respectively with traditional mental count and with the proposed mental repetition and then three free item selection sessions using mental repetition. A comparison has been conducted between off-line count and mental repetition classification accuracies achieved by each participant during the calibration sessions. The mental workload difference between the count and repeat calibration sessions of each participant was evaluated by computing alpha (at Po8) and theta (at Fz) spectral power density (SPD) curves. Results. Nine out of ten participants showed a higher mental workload with the traditional mental count. The repeat activity was preferred by 8 out of 10 participants. The comparison conducted between off-line count and mental repetition classification accuracies shows a slightly worse average behavior for the repeat protocol in the first 8 averaged trials. With the proposed protocol we got an average on-line item-selection information transfer rate (ITR) over 2 trials of 2.35 bits min−1, and an average on-line accuracy over 10 trials of 81.7%. Conclusions. Although off-line classification based on mental count data got slightly better results, the proposed auditory BCI protocol with mental repetition achieved an on-line performance similar to the traditional counting oddball paradigm task but with a lower mental workload. Significance. The results obtained with healthy subjects suggest that the proposed protocol can be a simpler alternative to the mental count, with comparable performance and lower mental load.
Cargas Eólicas sobre una Estructura con Paneles

Se analiza numerica y experimentalmente el flujo de aire en el entorno de un conjunto de paneles rectangulares de relacion L/h = 5.1 en una estructura de soporte compuesta por perfiles de relacion L/h = 0.5. En el presente trabajo se presentan resultados numericos de un conjunto de 10 paneles y su estructura de soporte y se miden presiones sobre un modelo fisico a escala del conjunto tridimensional compuesto por estos paneles con angulo de inclinacion de 10 grados y su estructura de soporte. Esta configuracion se presenta con frecuencia en casos como barreras eolicas, barreras antichorro en aeropuertos, paneles solares, antenas, persianas, bandejas de secado tanto a la intemperie como en tuneles de viento especiales, y otras estructuras similares con paneles orientables para optimizar su eficiencia. Se presentan los coeficientes globales de fuerzas tangencial y normal sobre los paneles, asi como tambien la distribucion de presiones sobre el conjunto de la estructura, con un perfil de velocidad del viento de capa limite atmosferica, se determinan los coeficientes de carga aerodinamica instantaneos de cada panel, y el numero de Strouhal de los mismos, con el que es posible determinar la frecuencia de las fuerzas aerodinamicas no estacionarias. La fuerte interaccion fluidodinamica entre los paneles y la estructura de soporte, que se visualiza en resultados numericos a traves del acoplamiento de vortices desprendidos por los distintos elementos, produce cargas eolicas fluctuantes sobre los paneles mucho mayores y con frecuencias muy distintas que las que tendrian en caso de estar fluidodinamicamente aislados. Esto invalida su diseno estructural bajo esta ultima hipotesis y hace necesario el estudio del conjunto completo.
Performance Evaluation of Face Recognition Using Frames of Ten Pose Angles

Face recognition has received much attention recently in the biometrics research. Many studies have shown improvement in recognition rate when 2D and 3D faces were combined. However, the use of the 3D face has a few limitations such as that the 3D data requires much more storage space and long processing time. Therefore, there is a strong interest to explore new methods that can provide similar or better results in the face recognition. This thesis presents an experimental study by using a sequence of rotating head videos under two different lighting conditions, regular indoor lighting and strong shadow lighting. The experiment were carried out using two sets of data, the first set of over 100 subjects and the second set of 47 subjects. Very promising results have been observed in terms of the recognition performance measured by the cumulative characteristics curves
The effect of tints on distance stereoacuity under varying retinal illuminations

Background: Stereopsis is the accurate awareness of relative depth necessary for efficient hand–eye coordination and navigation. A popular brand of sunglasses claims to enhance depth perception. Aim: This study set out to investigate the effect of tinted lenses on distance stereoacuity under varying retinal illumination. Setting: This study was set at the Discipline of Optometry, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Methods: A pretest–post-test research design was used. Forty participants were recruited using convenience sampling. The Howard–Dolman apparatus was used to measure distance stereoacuity with different tints of a popular sporting brand under varying retinal illumination. The tinted lenses and their respective transmission values used included persimmon (61%), light grey (38%), G30 (30%) and black iridium (10%). The placebo comprised of a white lens (100% transmission). Habitual distance stereoacuity was measured with no lens as the control. Retinal illumination was varied with neutral density filters to simulate mesopic and scotopic conditions. The Friedman and paired t -tests were used to analyse the data. Results: The mean stereoacuity for each lens was significantly different across the three retinal illumination levels ( p < 0.05). A statistically significant difference ( p = 0.012) was found with only the light grey tint under scotopic conditions when compared to the habitual stereoacuity. However, clinically significant differences were noted with the persimmon, light grey and black iridium tints. Overall, poorer stereoacuity was noted in mesopic and scotopic conditions compared to photopic for all five lenses. Conclusion: Tinted lenses used had no statistically significant effect on distance stereoacuity but clinically significant changes were noted. However, the change in retinal illumination adversely affected distance stereoacuity.
Finite difference scheme for 2D parabolic problem modelling electrostatic Micro-Electromechanical Systems

This paper is dedicated to study the fully discretized semi implicit and implicit schemes of a 2D parabolic semi linear problem modeling MEMS devices. Starting with the analysis of the semi-implicit scheme, we proved the existence of the discrete solution which converges under certain conditions on the voltage \begin{document}$ \lambda $\end{document} . On the other hand, we consider a fully implicit scheme, we proved the existence of the discrete solution, which also converges to the stationary solution under certain conditions on the voltage \begin{document}$ \lambda $\end{document} and on the time step. Finally, we did some numerical simulations which show the behavior of the solution.
Incorporating boundary conditions in a stochastic volatility model for the numerical approximation of bond prices

In this paper, we consider a two‐factor interest rate model with stochastic volatility, and we assume that the instantaneous interest rate follows a jump‐diffusion process. In this kind of problems, a two‐dimensional partial integro‐differential equation is derived for the values of zero‐coupon bonds. To apply standard numerical methods to this equation, it is customary to consider a bounded domain and incorporate suitable boundary conditions. However, for these two‐dimensional interest rate models, there are not well‐known boundary conditions, in general. Here, in order to approximate bond prices, we propose new boundary conditions, which maintain the discount function property of the zero‐coupon bond price. Then, we illustrate the numerical approximation of the corresponding boundary value problem by means of an alternative direction implicit method, which has been already applied for pricing options. We test these boundary conditions with several interest rate pricing models.
A Coupling Algorithm of Computational Fluid and Particle Dynamics (CFPD)

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and particle hydrodynamics (PHD) have been developed almost independently. CFD is classified into Eulerian and Lagrangian. The Eulerian approach observes fluid motion at specific locations in the space, and the Lagrangian approach looks at fluid motion where the observer follows an individual fluid parcel moving through space and time. In classical mechanics, particle dynamic simulations include molecular dynamics, Brownian dynamics, dissipated particle dynamics, Stokesian dynamics, and granular dynamics (often called discrete element method). Dissipative hydrodynamic method unifies these dynamic simulation algorithms and provides a general view of how to mimic particle motion in gas and liquid. Studies on an accurate and rigorous coupling of CFD and PHD are in literature still in a growing stage. This chapter shortly reviews the past development of CFD and PHD and proposes a general algorithm to couple the two dynamic simulations without losing theoretical rigor and numerical accuracy of the coupled simulation.
Processus de Markov déterministes par morceaux branchants et problème d’arrêt optimal, application à la division cellulaire

Les processus markoviens deterministes par morceaux (PDMP) forment une vaste classe de processus stochastiques caracterises par une evolution deterministe entre des sauts a mecanisme aleatoire. Ce sont des processus de type hybride, avec une composante discrete de mode et une composante d’etat qui evolue dans un espace continu. Entre les sauts du processus, la composante continue evolue de facon deterministe, puis au moment du saut un noyau markovien selectionne la nouvelle valeur des composantes discrete et continue. Dans cette these, nous construisons des PDMP evoluant dans des espaces de mesures (de dimension infinie), pour modeliser des population de cellules en tenant compte des caracteristiques individuelles de chaque cellule. Nous exposons notre construction des PDMP sur des espaces de mesure, et nous etablissons leur caractere markovien. Sur ces processus a valeur mesure, nous etudions un probleme d'arret optimal. Un probleme d'arret optimal revient a choisir le meilleur temps d'arret pour optimiser l'esperance d'une certaine fonctionnelle de notre processus, ce qu'on appelle fonction valeur. On montre que cette fonction valeur est solution des equations de programmation dynamique et on construit une famille de temps d'arret $epsilon$-optimaux. Dans un second temps, nous nous interessons a un PDMP en dimension finie, le TCP, pour lequel on construit un schema d'Euler afin de l'approcher. Ce choix de modele simple permet d'estimer differents types d'erreurs. Nous presentons des simulations numeriques illustrant les resultats obtenus.
Small-scale kinematics of two-phase flows: identifying relaxation processes in separated- and disperse-phase flow models

We propose here to investigate the impact of small-scale effects on the bulk evolution of a two-phase flow system. More precisely, we choose to examine the sole influence of a small-scale (with respect to the bulk velocity) off-equilibrium velocity on the system. In order to narrow our analysis and avoid complex well-posedness issues, we choose to examine a simple barotropic 5-equation two-phase flow model that accounts for an equilibrium common bulk velocity and a small-scale off-equilibrium velocity. A full derivation of the model is presented: it is based on a variational principle which allows us to insert the two-scale kinematics into the model by considering two different kinetic energies. Additional entropy dissipation requirements allow us to add dissipative structures to the model. This system is neutral with respect to the topology of the flow structure and is equipped with parameters that can be connected to relaxation processes. When considering instantaneous relaxations, we obtain two limit systems of the literature that are used for the simulation of separated-phase flows. In this sense we obtain a hierarchy of models. We show that the parent 5-equation model is also compatible with the description of a bubbly fluid that allows small-scale vibrations for the disperse phase. This identification is verified and discussed through comparisons with experimental measurements of sound dispersion (Silberman, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 29, 1957, pp. 925–933; Leroy et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 123, 2008, pp. 1931–1940) and with the dispersion relations of a reference model for bubbly flows by Cheng et al. (Trans. ASME J. Heat Transfer, vol. 107, 1985, pp. 402–408). The present work is a first contribution to a larger effort that aims at unifying models that can describe both separated and disperse two-phase flows, coupling small-scale modelling with large-scale resolution.
Unified Static and Runtime Verification of Object-Oriented Software

At the time of verifying software one can make use of several verification techniques. These techniques mostly fall in one of two categories: Static Verification and Dynamic Verification . Runtime Verification is a dynamic verification technique which is concerned with the monitoring of software, providing guarantees that observed runs comply with specified properties. It is strong in analysing systems of a complexity that is difficult to address by static verification, e.g., systems with numerous interacting sub-units, real (as opposed to abstract) data, etc. On the other hand, the major drawbacks of runtime verification are the impossibility to extrapolate correct observations to all possible executions, and that the monitoring of a program introduces runtime overheads. The work presented in this thesis addresses these issues by introducing a novel approach which combines the use of runtime verification with static verification, in such a way that: (i) static verification attempts to `resolve' the parts of the properties which can be confirmed statically; (ii) the static results, even if only partial, are used to improve the specified properties such that generated monitors will not check at runtime what was already verified statically. In addition, this thesis introduces the specification language ppDATE (and its semantics), which allows to describe properties suitable for static and runtime verification within a single formalism; the verification tool StaRVOOrS , which embodies the previously mentioned approach; and presents some case studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of using this new approach.
Kinematics of star-forming galaxies at cosmic noon

Integral field spectrographs are able to capture simultaneously hundreds of spectra covering the whole area of a galaxy with good spatial and spectral resolution. These instruments in the near-infrared allow us to study emission lines in the optical of high-redshift galaxies (1 < z < 3) to obtain different physical properties of the galaxies, such as their kinematics. The kinematics of galaxies around the peak of the star formation rate density, at cosmic noon, can give key information to understanding their evolution over cosmic time. In this thesis, I analyse the kinematics of distant lensed galaxies to explore how the kinematics depend on galaxy physical properties, such as the stellar mass and morphology. The gravitational lensing also allow me to obtain a better spatial resolution to study star-forming clumps and compare different kinematic tracers.