Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of Itraconazole Oral Solution in Neutropenic Children during Long-Term Prophylaxis

ABSTRACT We investigated the pharmacokinetics and safety of an oral solution of itraconazole in two groups of neutropenic children stratified by age. Effective concentrations of itraconazole in plasma were reached quickly and maintained throughout treatment. The results indicate a trend toward higher concentrations of itraconazole in plasma in older children.
Isolation, Characterization and Estimation of Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Bacteriocin from Lactobacillus plantarum

The risk of contamination by pathogens mostly food borne microorganism is becoming a matter of great concern in the day to day world. This decreases the quality control of the food products and thereby decreasing consumer demand for the product in the market. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have prioritized the matter as top level and have listed the food borne pathogens in Bacteriological Analytical Manual, FDA (FDA, 2012). The list include various microorganisms like Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp. , Shigella sp. , Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis. The pathogens recorded previously of causing contamination in food industry are Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species. Bacteriocins are classified as antibacterial ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 5 (2014) pp. 227-232 http://www.ijcmas. com
Lightweight security protocols for smart metering

Some of the application layer protocols being specified for constrained sensor network environment run over User Datagram Protocol (UDP) protocol. Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) is used to protect information being exchanged via these protocols. In several cases, it is desirable to intercept data being exchanged between a sensing device (such as smart meter or a temperature sensor) and a utility company, at an intermediate gateway and take certain decisions there. As large number of devices may contact such a gateway and many of these devices may be using wireless access technologies to communicate with gateway, it is desirable to reduce communication overhead across these wireless interfaces. As some of the end devices, such as temperature sensors installed in a building, may also have limited processing capability, it is also desirable to have lightweight security mechanisms for such devices. This paper proposes lightweight DTLS based security protocols for customer domain of the smart grid.
Functional state of the epidermal growth factor-receptor complexes during their internalization in A-431 cells

Functional state of internalized epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor in A-431 cells has been studied. The use of photoaffinity [125I]EGF derivative allowed us to establish that inside the cell the EGF retains its connection with the receptor. With the help of polyclonal antibodies to phosphotyrosine, it has been shown that EGF-receptor complexes maintain their phosphorylated state during internalization. The internalized EGF receptor kinase as well as that localized in the plasma membrane appeared to be able to phosphorylate synthetic peptide substrate introduced into the cell.
Cognitions, depressive symptoms, and development in adolescents.

This study examined the generalizability of cognitive models of depression to adolescents and explored developmental differences with regard to depressotypic cognitions. Self-reported depressive symptoms and various hypothesized cognitive correlates (e.g., automatic thoughts, attributions, dysfunctional attitudes) were investigated in a sample of 688 adolescents in grades 7 through 12. Measures of normative adolescent cognitions (e.g., egocentrism, self-consciousness) also were included. There was a strong association between negative thinking and depression in adolescents. There was no association between depressogenic thinking and age, nor did the strength of the association between negative cognitions and depression vary from early to middle adolescence. Finally, negative cognitions were associated with self-report measures of both depressive and anxious symptoms.
Estudio de las cooperativas agrarias en Argentina

Este trabajo forma parte del informe coordinado por Juan Pablo Marti, Cooperativas e integracion regional. La trayectoria de las cooperativas agropecuarias y de ahorro y credito en el MERCOSUR, Cooperativas e Integracion Regional Mercosur, Montevideo (Uruguay).
Brain Uptake of the Acid Metabolites of F-18—Labeled WAY 100635 Analogs

The 5-HT1A ligands [F]FPWAY and [18F]FCWAY are metabolized in vivo to [18F]fluorobenzoic acid (FB) and [18F]fluorocyclohexanecarboxylic acid (FC), respectively. To quantify the penetration of these acids into the brain, dynamic positron emission tomography studies were performed in rhesus monkeys with [18F]FB and [18F]FC. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of arterial blood samples showed no metabolites for [18F]FB, whereas [18F]FC was rapidly metabolized to [18F]fluoride. A model with one tissue compartment and vascular radioactivity was used to analyze gray matter time-activity curves. For [18F]FC, an additional term was added to account for [18F]fluoride skull spillover into the brain; this term accounted for 70% to 90% of the measured radioactivity concentration at 90 minutes. For [18F]FB, mean gray matter parameters were as follows: K1, 10 ± 3 μL · min−1 · mL−1; distribution volume V, 0.052 ± 0.006 (mL/mL). For [18F]FC, the values were as follows: K1, 15 ± 4 μL · min−1 · mL−1; V, 0.29 ± 0.06 mL/mL. The V values were consistent with a physiologic model that included brain-to-blood pH difference and the plasma free fraction of the acid. Simulations based on [18F]FCWAY human data showed that [18F]FC uptake produces significant biases in V estimates in regions with low specific binding. These results can be used to correct the tissue [18F]FCWAY time-activity data for brain uptake of [18F]FC using the measured [18F]FC input function.
An integrated approach to optimizing skin delivery of cosmetic and pharmaceutical actives

The academic literature on skin delivery provides countless examples of scientific insights into specific aspects of the overall process. For the practical formulator, however, it is difficult to know how to combine such insights in a way that fits into the realities of commercial formulations. In this study, five key principles are combined into an integrated approach that can be applied to real‐world formulations. Given the complexities of skin science, the integrated approach cannot be expected to be highly precise. Instead, it is intended as a way for a formulation team to balance the many conflicting issues. The predictions are sufficiently specific to be examined by those with the appropriate analytical resources and data on formulation efficacy. It is hoped that such challenges will allow the approach to be refined for the future.
The Escherichia coli ts8 mutation is an allele of fda, the gene encoding fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase

The ts8 mutant of Escherichia coli has previously been shown to preferentially inhibit stable RNA synthesis when shifted to the nonpermissive temperature. We demonstrate in this report that the ts8 mutation is an allele of fda, the gene that encodes the glycolytic enzyme fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase. We show that ts8 and a second fda mutation, h8, isolated and characterized by A. Böck and F. C. Neidhardt, are dominant mutations and that they encode a thermolabile aldolase activity.
The Neural Basis of Moral Cognition

The human moral nature has perplexed laymen and academics for millennia. Recent developments in cognitive neuroscience are opening new venues for unveiling the complex psychological and neurobiological mechanisms underling human morality and its impairments. Here we review these lines of evidence and key topics of debate and explain why investigating the mechanisms of cognition–emotion interaction and of the neural bases of moral sentiments and values will be critical for our understanding of the human moral mind.
Automated processing of serum indices used for interference detection by the laboratory information system.

In this report, we focus on improvements in patient results with respect to interferences in analytical results obtained from a routine chemistry analyzer (Synchron LX20PRO; Beckman Coulter Inc.). Although many authors have reported on improvements in process performance to reduce analytical errors, assay interference by endogenous or exogenous substances is an underrated problem with potential detrimental effects for the patient (1)(2)(3). Four major endogenous compounds that often interfere with most laboratory results are hemoglobin, bilirubin, lipids, and paraproteins (3)(4)(5). In our laboratory, the vast majority of hemolyzed samples (>95%) are attributable to in vitro processes resulting from incorrect sampling procedures or transport (6). Icteric or lipemic samples are indicative of a physiologically, and possibly clinically, important process. Although differentiating between in vivo and in vitro hemolysis is clinically important, extensively hemolyzed samples may be difficult to evaluate (6)(7). The frequency of interferences in clinical laboratory analyses is very difficult to determine (3). In principle, interferences can be reduced by use of adequately blanked analytical methods (8). Graphical displays of instrument- and analyte-specific interferences have been produced previously (6)(9). The LX20 analyzer has the capability to detect hemolysis, icterus, and lipemia in samples and produces semiquantitative unitless index values for hemoglobin, bilirubin, or Intralipid (so-called serum indices), but these serum index functions are not intended for diagnostic purposes. With increasing amounts of the specific interfering compounds, increasing index values are generated, which are linearly correlated with the amount of interferent. We assessed the effect of interference by hemolysis, icterus, or lipemia on various analytes, using interference data provided by the manufacturer (Beckman Coulter, Inc.), experimental data from three Dutch hospitals, and our own research. We performed interference studies with serum pools to which interferent solutions were added (up …
Diabetic capillary microaneurysms of the retina.

Saccular dilations arising from one side of the retinal capillaries are part of the typical pathology of diabetic retinopathy and are known as capillary microaneurysms. They were first described by Nettleship 1 in 1888. However, it seems that little attention was paid to Nettleship's discovery and capillary microaneurysms were rediscovered by Ballantyne and Loewenstein 2 in 1944. This rediscovery resulted in great interest and an extensive number of papers concerning the structure, development, and significance of the microaneurysms in diabetic retinopathy. Outstanding are those of Ballantyne, 3,4 Friedenwald, 5-7 Ashton, 8-12 and Pope. 13 Several theories have been suggested to explain the development of diabetic retinal microaneurysms. Ballantyne 3,4 considered a combination of stasis and increase of venous pressure caused by thrombosis of smaller retinal veins and additional local weakening of the capillary wall caused by endothelial degeneration as responsible for the saccular dilation. He observed the deposition of fat
Quantum Molecular Dynamics: a New Algorithm for Linear and Nonlinear Electron Transport in Disordered Materials

Quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) simulations pro vide the real-time dynamics of electrons and ions through numerical solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger and Newton equations, respectively. With this technique it is possible to go beyond the structural aspects to study electron dynamics, including linear and nonlinear electron transport, in materials at finite tem peratures. The solution of the time-dependent Schrö dinger equation for the electron wave function is ob tained by a spectral method, which for bulk systems is implemented with discrete fast Fourier (FFT) transforms. For systems with broken symmetry due to surfaces or interfaces, the spectral method combines the solution of a tridiagonal set of equations with FFT. Using QMD simulations we have investigated the localization be havior and the mobility of excess electrons at finite tem peratures in highly disordered systems such as a dense helium gas and amorphous silicon. Future QMD simula tions for many electrons within the framework of time- dependent density functional theory and implementation of molecular dynamics on massively parallel architec tures are discussed.
HIV‐1 infection of subcortical astrocytes in the pediatric central nervous system

Early reports of pediatric HIV-1-associated neuropathology described the presence of viral particles in some astrocytes, implicating direct infection of the immature nervous system as a contributing factor to the observed neuropathology. Several recent reports suggest that in those astrocytes infected with HIV-1, the level of antigenic expression of the proviral genome is below the sensitivity limits of conventional histochemical techniques. Identification of these astrocytes would instead require the use of a highly sensitive radiolabeled DNA or RNA probe for in situ hybridization to detect the persistent viral nucleic acids. To test this hypothesis, we examined autopsy tissue from 12 infants and children with AIDS-associated encephalopathy for the presence of HIV-1-infected astrocytes using combined isotopic in situ hybridization for the detection of viral-specific nucleic acids and immunohistochemistry for the identification of astrocytes. We detected HIV-1 nucleic acids in astrocytes in subcortical white matter from four pediatric patients with moderate to extensive leukoencephalitis. While gp41 was detectable only on macrophages and multinucleated giant cells, HIV-1 Nef protein was present in cells morphologically identified as astrocytes in two of these patients, further suggesting that HIV-1 establishes a persistent rather than a productive infection in astrocytes. Subcortical astrocytes may therefore be an unrecognized reservoir for HIV-1 in the developing nervous system of some children with AIDS-associated leukoencephalitis.
Trends in hospitalization associated with traumatic brain injury in a publicly insured population, 1992-2002.

BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in developed countries. We document trends in TBI-related hospitalizations in Ontario, Canada, between April 1992 and March 2002, focusing on relationships between inpatient hospitalization rates, age, sex, cause of injury, severity level, and in-hospital mortality. METHODS Information on all acute hospital separations in Ontario with a diagnosis of TBI was analyzed using logistic regression. RESULTS Hospitalization rates fell steeply among children and young adults but remained stable among adults aged 66 and older. The proportion of TBI hospitalizations with mild injuries decreased from 75% to 54%, whereas the proportion with moderate injuries increased from 19% to 37%. Adjusting for other risk factors, in-hospital deaths were higher for injuries because of motor vehicle crashes than those because of falls. In-hospital death rates were stable for patients with moderate or severe injuries, but increased over time among those whose injuries were classified as mild, suggesting a trend toward more serious injury within the "mild" classification. CONCLUSIONS Hospitalizations for TBI involve fewer mild injuries over time and are highest in the oldest segment of the population.
Regular and chaotic interactions of two BPS dyons at low energy

We identify and analyze quasiperiodic and chaotic motion patterns in the time evolution of a classical, non-Abelian Bogomol'nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield (BPS) dyon pair at low energies. This system is amenable to the geodesic approximation which restricts the underlying SU(2) Yang-Mills-Higgs dynamics to an eight-dimensional phase space. We numerically calculate a representative set of long-time solutions to the corresponding Hamilton equations and analyze quasiperiodic and chaotic phase space regions by means of Poincar\'e surfaces of section, high-resolution power spectra and Lyapunov exponents. Our results provide clear evidence for both quasiperiodic and chaotic behavior and characterize it quantitatively. Indications for intermittency are also discussed.
Patient Identification for Clinical Trials with Ontology-based Information Extraction from Documents

In this paper, we describe the use of ontologies in the context of a system for recruiting patients for clinical trials, which is currently being tested at the Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, one of the largest university hospitals in Europe. The main purpose of the CRDW (Clinical Research Data Warehouse) is to support patient recruitment for clinical trials based on routine data from the hospital’s clinical information system (CIS). In contrast to most other systems for similar purposes, the CRDW also makes use of information that is present in clinical documents like admission reports, radiological findings, and discharge letters. The linguistic analysis recognizes negated and coordinated phrases. It is supported by clinical domain ontologies that enable the identification of main terms and their properties, as well as semantic search with synonyms, hypernyms, and syntactic variants. The focus of this paper is the description of our ontology model, which we tailored to the particular requirements of our application. In the article, we will also provide an evaluation of the system based on experimental data obtained from the daily routine work of the study assistants.
Estimating Anomality of the Video Sequences for Surveillance Using 1-Class SVM

We have proposed a method to detect and quantitatively extract anomalies from surveillance videos. Using our method, anomalies are detected as patterns based on spatio-temporal features that are outliers in new feature space. Conventional anomaly detection methods use features such as tracks or local spatio-temporal features, both of which provide insufficient timing information. Using our method, the principal components of spatio-temporal features of change are extracted from the frames of video sequences of several seconds duration. This enables anomalies based on movement irregularity, both position and speed, to be determined and thus permits the automatic detection of anomal events in sequences of constant length without regard to their start and end. We used a 1-class SVM, which is a non-supervised outlier detection method. The output from the SVM indicates the distance between the outlier and the concentrated base pattern. We demonstrated that the anomalies extracted using our method subjectively matched perceived irregularities in the pattern of movements. Our method is useful in surveillance services because the captured images can be shown in the order of anomality, which significantly reduces the time needed.
The spoofax name binding language

In textual software languages, names are used to identify program elements such as variables, methods, and classes. Name analysis algorithms resolve names in order to establish references between definitions and uses of names. In this poster, we present the Spoofax Name Binding Language (NBL), a declarative meta-language for the specification of name binding and scope rules, which departs from the programmatic encodings of name binding provided by regular approaches. NBL aspires to become the universal language for name binding, which can be used next to BNF definitions in reference manuals, as well as serve the generation of implementations.
Nonstructural Safety of Hospitals for Disasters: A Comparison Between Two Capital Cities

Abstract Objective Hospitals are expected to function as a safe environment during disasters, but many become unusable because of nonstructural damage. This study compares the nonstructural safety of hospitals to disasters in Tehran and Stockholm. Methods Hospital safety in Tehran and Stockholm was assessed between September 24, 2012, and April 5, 2013, with use of the nonstructural module of the hospital safety index from the World Health Organization. Hospital safety was categorized as safe, at risk, or inadequate. Results All 4 hospitals in Stockholm were classified as safe, while 2 hospitals in Tehran were at risk and 3 were safe. The mean nonstructural safety index was 90% ± 2.4 SD for the hospitals in Stockholm and 64% ± 17.4 SD for those in Tehran (P = .014). Conclusions The level of hospital safety, with respect to disasters, was not related to local vulnerability. Future studies on hospital safety should assess other factors such as legal and financial issues. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-6)
Thermodynamic Bias in the Multimodel Mean Boreal Summer Monsoon

AbstractHere it is shown that almost all models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) exhibit a common bias in the thermodynamic structure of boreal summer monsoons. The strongest bias lies over South Asia, where the upper-tropospheric temperature maximum is too weak, is shifted southeast of its observed location, and does not extend as far west over Africa as it does in observations. Simulated Asian maxima of surface air moist static energy are also too weak and are located over coastal oceans rather than in their observed continental position. The spatial structure of this bias suggests that it is caused by an overly smoothed representation of topography west of the Tibetan Plateau, which allows dry air from the deserts of western Asia to penetrate the monsoon thermal maximum, suppressing moist convection and cooling the upper troposphere. In a climate model with a decent representation of the thermodynamic state of the Asian monsoon, the qualitative characteristics of this b.
A NARRATIVE IDENTITY ANALYSIS OF CHRONOTOPICAL STAGES OF EFL IRANIAN TEACHERS IN DISCOURSE CONSTRUCTION AT PUBLIC SCHOOLS

The present study is a narrative identity analysis of chronotopical stages of EFL Iranian teachers in discourse construction at public schools. As explained by Olson (2008) ’teacher identity is a useful research frame because it treats teachers as whole persons in and across social contexts who continually reconstruct their views of themselves in relation to others, workplace characteristics, professional purposes, and cultures of teaching’ (p. 5). Hence, the purpose of this research is to explore different aspects of teachers’ identities by using narration as a procedural instrument and Bakhtin’s theory as the theoretical framework of the study. Participants of the study are fifty male and female English language teachers aged 22 to 53 from public schools of Mashhad, Iran. The teachers’ educational degree varies from Associate Degree and Bachelor of Art to Master of Art and Doctor of Philosophy. Narrative tasks and interviews are the instruments used for data collection in the present study. Through coding and line by line analysis of narratives, salient factors in determining the generic chronotopes are identified. In addition, through running Χ2, the significance levels are recognized. Diversity of these factors shows the complexity of reasons constituting discourses which affect teachers to make choices in their profession leading to the cyclic constructing and deconstructing of their identitities. Some pedagogical implications and applications are also proposed.