Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The esophageal Doppler as an alternative to the pulmonary artery catheter

Major surgery is associated with significant trauma and is a potential cause of multiple system organ failure and death. Measurement of cardiac output using a variety of techniques during the perioperative period has enabled us to optimize stroke volume and cardiac output proactively in an attempt to reduce postoperative complications. The pulmonary artery catheter has been widely used and is considered the gold standard for measuring cardiac output. However, recent reports of increase morbidity and mortality associated with pulmonary artery catheter use has prompted us to reevaluate its role in the perioperative environment. Technological advances have included the development of a number of new techniques for measuring cardiac output. Esophageal Doppler ultrasonography is a relatively noninvasive method for measuring stroke volume and cardiac output. It is user-friendly, and is the only noninvasive technology to date that has been used successfully to direct intraoperative fluid administration, resulting in improvement in outcome and significant reduction in hospital stay.
Help-seeking for medically unexplained hearing difficulties: A qualitative study

Aims - Up to 10% of audiology patients report diffi culties hearing speech in noise even though clinical investigation reveals normal hearing thresholds, in other words, no evidence of physical pathology. The diagnostic category applied to these patients is known as King-Kopetzky Syndrome (KKS). This study aimed to gather descriptions of patients' experiences of the clinical encounter involving their KKS diagnosis and analyse the themes of help-seeking, as part of a larger study into the process of coping with medically unexplained hearing diffi culties. Method - A qualitative approach was employed, comprising unstructured interviews in the homes of 25 patients who had attended audiology services (and received a diagnosis of KKS) in Bath and Cardiff. Thematic analysis of transcripts was undertaken, infl uenced by grounded theory techniques. Findings - Informants characterized the clinical encounter as either negative or positive. Negative consultations were those in which patients' illness claims were dismissed and as such not validated. Positive encounters were typifi ed by the provision of meaningful information that reconciled clinical information with the patients' experiences of hearing loss. Conclusion - Successful management of medically unexplained illnesses requires the adoption of a patient-centred approach, rather than focusing on the absence of observable pathology
Etiology and Management of Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndromes

Chronic pelvic pain constitutes a major reason for gynecological visits, representing a constellation of symptoms for which no definitive treatments exist. History and examination must include both physical and emotional spheres. Presenting symptoms and diagnoses are heterogeneous for the pelvis and abdomen, with multiple treatments yielding minimal relief. Few well-controlled studies of pharmacological therapies exist, and treatments are still empiric. Step-wise conservative treatment is warranted when the source of the pain is known or associated with a high level of suspicion. Pharmacological therapy should begin with agents appropriate for the level of pain and disability, and escalation of regimens done only when rational and genuinely therapeutic courses have failed. Psychosocial impact of the pain must be considered, and adjunctive treatment offered to minimize the impact of the pain on the patient's quality of daily living.
Role of Tigecycline for the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections

Objective: To review and critically analyze the literature for the use of tigecycline for the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Data Sources: A search of the MEDLINE database was performed (2004 to July 2013). Search terms included tigecycline, Tygacil, pyelonephritis, cystitis, and urinary tract infections in addition to a manual search of references from the articles retrieved. Study Selection and Data Exaction: All studies of humans, English-language articles, clinical studies, observational studies, and case reports were evaluated. Data Synthesis: Fourteen cases of tigecycline use for UTIs were identified. No clinical trials were identified via the search of the MEDLINE database. Twelve of the 14 cases described positive clinical outcomes with use of tigecycline for the treatment of UTI. Microbiological clearance was evaluable in 11 patients, of which 9 patients achieved documented microbiological clearance. None of the patients had mortality attributable to the use of tigecycline for the UTI. Two of the 14 cases reported had patients with subsequent cultures growing tigecycline-resistant organisms. Conclusion: Case reports have documented clinical improvement/success with the use of tigecycline for the treatment of UTIs. However, use of tigecycline for the treatment of UTIs remains controversial because of limited data and the lack of randomized control trials demonstrating efficacy. Tigecycline should be avoided for the treatment of UTIs when well-established options such as aminoglycosides and β-lactams are available. When alternative options are nonexistent, tigecycline can be considered.
A Review and Meta-Analysis of Occupational Titanium Dioxide Exposure and Lung Cancer Mortality

Objective: A review of studies of occupational titanium dioxide (TiO2) exposure was conducted, and results from the three industry-based cohort mortality studies were summarized using meta-analysis. Methods: Summary standardized mortality ratios (SSMR) and summary Cox regression coefficients from exposure–response models were derived using random effects models. Results: Results from studies of 24,312 TiO2 production workers were combined. SSMRs for lung cancer, all causes, all cancer, and non-malignant respiratory disease were 1.10 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.91 to 1.32), 0.85 (95% CI: 0.81 to 0.89), 0.92 (95% CI: 0.82 to 1.03), and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.71 to 1.02), respectively. For lung cancer, the summary hazard ratio for a 1 mg/m3 year increase in cumulative exposure was 0.999 (0.997 to 1.002). Conclusions: Consistent with other published qualitative reviews, there is no clear evidence of an association between occupational exposure to TiO2 and lung cancer.
Reaction pathways for the deoxygenation of vegetable oils and related model compounds.

Vegetable oil-based feeds are regarded as an alternative source for the production of fuels and chemicals. Paraffins and olefins can be produced from these feeds through catalytic deoxygenation. The fundamentals of this process are mostly studied by using model compounds such as fatty acids, fatty acid esters, and specific triglycerides because of their structural similarity to vegetable oils. In this Review we discuss the impact of feedstock, reaction conditions, and nature of the catalyst on the reaction pathways of the deoxygenation of vegetable oils and its derivatives. As such, we conclude on the suitability of model compounds for this reaction. It is shown that the type of catalyst has a significant effect on the deoxygenation pathway, that is, group 10 metal catalysts are active in decarbonylation/decarboxylation whereas metal sulfide catalysts are more selective to hydrodeoxygenation. Deoxygenation studies performed under H2 showed similar pathways for fatty acids, fatty acid esters, triglycerides, and vegetable oils, as mostly deoxygenation occurs indirectly via the formation of fatty acids. Deoxygenation in the absence of H2 results in significant differences in reaction pathways and selectivities depending on the feedstock. Additionally, using unsaturated feedstocks under inert gas results in a high selectivity to undesired reactions such as cracking and the formation of heavies. Therefore, addition of H2 is proposed to be essential for the catalytic deoxygenation of vegetable oil feeds.
The Impact of Communication between CEOs and CIOs on their Shared Views of the Current and Future Role of IT

ABSTRACT This research compares the views of CEOs and CIOs in the same organizations about the relative richness of four communications media (face-to-face, e-mail, business memo, telephone), and the current and future roles of IT in their organizations. Overall, CEOs are found to be more optimistic about the expected impacts of future IT projects. Organizations in which there was greater shared vision about the future role of IT also reported more frequent CEO/CIO communications utilizing communications channels perceived to be richer: face-to-face and e-mail.
The Proactive Approach—Is It Worthwhile? A Prospective Controlled Ergonomic Intervention Study in Office Workers

Objective: Does proactive ergonomics program enhance office worker health and productivity? Method: The investigation was conducted in connection with the move of 1500 office staff to a building with improved ergonomics. It was focused on associations between workstation features, working postures, musculoskeletal pain symptoms, and eye strain before and 18 months after implementation of a proactive ergonomic program. The outcomes were compared between the intervention and a similar reference group. Results: Associations between improvement of postures and less musculoskeletal pain and eye strain were confirmed. A cross association between several features and postures and improved symptoms was noted, along with improved productivity. Conclusion: The study suggests that a proactive program adhering to the OSHA recommendations needs to include an individual workstation assessment to be effective in reducing symptoms and increasing productivity.
Behavioral and Cognitive Effects of a Worksite-Based Weight Gain Prevention Program: The NHF-NRG In Balance-Project

Objective: Examine the effectiveness of the worksite-based weight gain prevention program Netherlands Heart Foundation-Netherlands Research program weight Gain prevention In Balance, with regard to behavioral changes and corresponding cognitive determinants. Methods: A nonrandomized pretest-repeated posttest control group design was applied in 12 worksites. Intervention groups received individual and environmental interventions, directed at physical activity and food intake. Measurements were executed at baseline and after 12 and 24 months. Results: Nearly all behaviors in the intervention group improved more than in the control group, even though improvements in behaviors were often too small to reach statistical significance. No positive intervention effects were observed for the cognitive factors. Conclusion: Differential changes between the intervention and control group were observed for several important dietary and physical activity behaviors. Valuable information is gained regarding the implementation of weight gain prevention programs in worksites.
Socioeconomic factors affecting the prevalence of obesity among female patients attending primary health centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

A sample of 852 Saudi women who attended the primary health care centers in Jeddah seeking medical care were examined. Obesity was defined as a value for the body mass index (kg/m2) ≥ 25.0. The prevalence of obesity in the examined sample was high (64.3%). Obesity was significantly related to age, marital status, parity, level of education, level of work, women's income levels, who is the householder and the number of servants. There was no significant association between obesity and the following factors: being the only or youngest daughter, inhabitant's number, number of cars, time spent watching television, eating while watching television, number of times per week inviting or being invited to meals, householder's income, and his education or work. Multiple regression analysis indicated that five variables were significant predictors: age, marital status, number of servants, giving birth, and parity. Knowledge of the social factors associated with obesity will help to identify high risk groups. Those m.
Hyperelliptic Simple Factors of J0(N) with Dimension at Least 3

We develop algorithms for three problems. Starting with a complex torus of dimension g ≥ 2, isomorphic to a principally polarized, simple abelian variety A/C, the first problem is to find an algorithmic solution of the hyperelliptic Schottky problem: Is there a hvperelliptic curve C of genus g whose jacobian variety Ic is isomorphic to A over C? Our solution is based on [Poor 1994]. If such a hyperelliptic curve C exists, the next problem is the construction of the Rosenhain model C : y2 = X(X−1)(X−λ1)(X−λ2)…(X−λ2g−1) for pairwise distinct numbers λj E ∈ C \ {0, 1}. Applying the theory of hyperelliptic theta functions we show that these numbers λj can easily be computed by using theta constants with even characteristics. If the abelian variety A is defined over a field k (this field could be the field of rational numbers, an algebraic number field of low degree, or a finite field), we show only in the case k = Q for simplicity, how the method in [Mestre 1991] can be generalized to get a minimal equation o.
Fourier Analysis on Finite Groups and the Lovász ϑ-Number of Cayley Graphs

We apply Fourier analysis on finite groups to obtain simplified formulations for the Lovász ϑ-number of a Cayley graph. We put these formulations to use by checking a few cases of a conjecture of Ellis, Friedgut, and Pilpel made in a recent article proving a version of the Erdös–Ko–Rado theorem for k-intersecting families of permutations. We also introduce a q-analogue of the notion of k-intersecting families of permutations, and we verify a few cases of the corresponding Erdös–Ko–Rado assertion by computer.
Raltegravir‐based post‐exposure prophylaxis (PEP): a safe, well‐tolerated alternative regimen

Three‐drug regimens are routinely recommended in the UK for PEP after possible high‐risk exposure to HIV. The current Department of Health and British Association for Sexual Health and HIV first‐line regimen is lopinavir/ritonavir, tenofovir and emtricitabine (Truvada). Raltegravir‐based regimens may be used as an alternative. This is a review of the use of raltegravir‐containing PEP to identify why and when this is initiated and its tolerability and safety compared to first‐line PEP. From February 2010 to April 2012, 509 courses of PEP were prescribed; 33 (6.5%) raltegravir‐containing PEP. Pharmacy records identified eligible patients; these were compared to 33 courses of first‐line PEP in the same time period. 18/33 (54%) of raltegravir‐containing PEP were initiated due to potential drug‐drug interactions with ritonavir, 3/33 (10%) due to the resistance profile of the contact and 12/33 (36%) due to intolerance of first‐line regimen. All switches to raltegravir‐based PEP occurred by day 3 of the course with 83% identified on day 1. All switches to raltegravir‐containing PEP due to the resistance profile of the contact took place by day 3 of the course. Patients switching due to drug intolerance was largely due to gastrointestinal side effects between days 1 to 16; 2 cases were due to ALT changes. 19 courses of raltegravir‐containing PEP were commenced on day one. Reported side effects in the raltegravir‐containing PEP were lower than courses of first‐line PEP: 10/19 (53%) patients reported no side effects by day 28 treatment compared to 5/33 (15%) patients on first‐line PEP. 12/14 (79%) patients on first‐line PEP who were switched to raltegravir‐containing PEP reported improvement in their side effects. There were no significant liver or renal toxicities in the raltegravir group; 3 patients on first‐line PEP had a significant ALT rise. One patient who started first‐line PEP was found to be HIV‐positive at baseline. An MSM who received raltegravir‐containing PEP seroconverted 4.5 months after the course of PEP. He reported 3 episodes of unsafe sexual behaviour since PEP. Raltegravir‐based regimens are safe and as well tolerated when compared to first‐line regimen. Switching to raltegravir‐based regimen is associated with a decrease in reported side effects. Self‐reported adherence is better if patients are started on raltegravir. This study suggests that raltegravir‐based PEP may be a preferred first‐choice regimen.
Highly functionalized biaryls via Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling catalyzed by Pd@MOF under batch and continuous flow regimes.

A diverse set of more than 40 highly functionalized biaryls was synthesized successfully through the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction catalyzed by Pd nanoparticles supported in a functionalized mesoporous MOF (8 wt % Pd@MIL-101(Cr)-NH2 ). This could be achieved under some of the mildest conditions reported to date and a strong control over the leaching of metallic species could be maintained, despite the presence of diverse functional groups and/or several heteroatoms. Some of the targeted molecules are important intermediates in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and we clearly exemplify the versatility of this catalytic system, which affords better yields than currently existing commercial procedures. Most importantly, Pd@MIL-101-NH2 was packed in a micro-flow reactor, which represents the first report of metallic nanoparticles supported on MOFs employed in flow chemistry for catalytic applications. A small library of 11 isolated compounds was created in a continuous experiment without replacing the catalyst, demonstrating the potential of the catalyst for large-scale applications.
Aromatherapie - Was ist gesichert?

Aromatherapy is the treatment of symptoms and diseases with essential oils. Essential oils are supposed to influence the mind via the bulbus olfactorius and the limbic system. From the limbic system neuronal impulses reach various brain regions, which trigger physiological and therapeutic effects. Very often, massage therapy and aromatherapy are combined together. Meanwhile various clinical trials are existing, which address commonly used essential oils such as lavender oil, lemon oil, sweet orange oil, chamomile oil, and melissa oil. These studies show that aromatherapy can be used as an effective and well-tolerated therapeutic option for common clinical symptoms and diseases.
Removal of Pesticides from Water and Wastewater by Different Adsorbents: A Review

In this review article, the use of various low-cost adsorbents for the removal of pesticides from water and wastewater has been reviewed. Pesticides may appear as pollutants in water sources, having undesirable impacts to human health because of their toxicity, carcinogenicity, and mutagenicity or causing aesthetic problems such as taste and odors. These pesticides pollute the water stream and it can be removed very effectively using different low-cost adsorbents. It is evident from a literature survey of about 191 recently published papers that low-cost adsorbents have demonstrated outstanding removal capabilities for pesticides.
A Survey of Spontaneous Occurrence of Ochratoxin A Residues in Chicken Tissues and Concurrence With Histopathological Changes in Liver and Kidneys

Toxicological and histopathological investigations of tissues of commercially slaughtered chickens were carried out to provide a preliminary evaluation of the incidence of occurrence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in chicken sold in Serbian retail market. In addition, the etiology of nephropathies of these chickens was elucidated. The majority of these tissue samples were not found to contain measurable amounts of OTA. Moreover, the OTA levels found in analyzed tissues were generally low and there was no positive correlation between the presence of OTA and the frequency of histopathological changes. Histopathological changes such as degenerative changes in the kidneys and liver differed from the classical description of the mycotoxic nephropathy, indicating that the chicken nephropathy observed in Serbia may have a multitoxic etiology with possible synergistic effect between microorganisms and natural toxins, usually present in low concentrations. The low OTA results also suggested that chicken meat available in the retail market in Serbia are unlikely to pose any significant adverse health risk to the consumers with respect to OTA toxicity.
3D Networked Tin Oxide/Graphene Aerogel with a Hierarchically Porous Architecture for High-Rate Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Low-cost and sustainable sodium-ion batteries are regarded as a promising technology for large-scale energy storage and conversion. The development of high-rate anode materials is highly desirable for sodium-ion batteries. The optimization of mass transport and electron transfer is crucial in the discovery of electrode materials with good high-rate performances. Herein, we report the synthesis of 3 D interconnected SnO2 /graphene aerogels with a hierarchically porous structure as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries. The unique 3 D architecture was prepared by a facile in situ process, during which cross-linked 3 D conductive graphene networks with macro-/meso-sized hierarchical pores were formed and SnO2 nanoparticles were dispersed uniformly on the graphene surface simultaneously. Such a 3 D functional architecture not only facilitates the electrode-electrolyte interaction but also provides an efficient electron pathway within the graphene networks. When applied as anode materials in sodium-ion batteries, the as-prepared SnO2 /graphene aerogel exhibited high reversible capacity, improved cycling performance compared to SnO2 , and promising high-rate capability.
Work Exposures, Injuries, and Musculoskeletal Discomfort Among Children and Adolescents in Dairy Farming

ABSTRACT Little research is available about the specifics of child or adolescent work on dairy farm operations. The objective of this study was to investigate work performed by children and adolescents on these operations. The authors administered mail questionnaires to a community-based, age- and operation size-stratified sample of individuals aged 6 to 18 (n = 240) who worked on dairy operations in Wisconsin. Data were collected in 1999. The 197 children and adolescents reported averaging 567 hours of dairy farm work in the last year (10.9 hours/week) and completed over 1/3 of all calf feeding, 1/5 of the milking, 1/5 of cow feeding, and 1/10 of tractor operation hours on their farm during the weeks they worked. Some of these young workers reported accomplishing duties also judged by some experts as hazardous work, including nearly half of the 9- to 11-year-olds driving tractors. Six nonfatal injuries were reported that required stopping work (14.6 per 100 full time equivalents per year), including those that required medical attention. Musculoskeletal discomfort and disability reports were unremarkable compared to existing studies of general and working populations. Wisconsin dairy farm youth appeared to be working no more hours per week than their peers in other studies of agricultural populations. Adolescents and some children largely performed the same range of tasks and often the same scope of work as adults, including some performing hazardous work. There is a need for further investigations with larger samples of dairy youth to confirm these findings. The exposures of very young workers to hazardous tractor driving and tower silo tasks suggest that there is an urgent need for improved and validated interventions to reduce these exposures.