Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non-linear association of efficiency of practice of adult elite athletes with their youth multi-sport practice

ABSTRACT We explored associations of elite athletes’ multi-year efficiency of practice and improvement of performance with their current and earlier participation patterns. Participants were 80 adult German track-and-field national-squad athletes. Performance improvement was measured as development of athletes’ highest track-and-field championship level and placing from 19 to 25 years (t 1-t 2). Practice efficiency was defined as performance improvement per amount of coach-led athletics practice from t 1 to t 2. Participation variables included amounts of coach-led practice and peer-led play in athletics and other sports through t 1 and t 1-t 2. Analyses involved an advanced machine learning procedure, XGBoost, allowing non-linear, multivariate exploration. We computed two models, one for performance improvement (“good” discriminative performance, AUC = 0.82) and one for practice efficiency (“fair”, AUC = 0.73). Four central findings emerged: 1. Childhood/adolescent coach-led multi-sport practice was a critical discriminator of adult practice efficiency and performance improvement. 2. Associations were non-linear, displaying a saturation pattern. 3. The likelihood of achieving high adult practice efficiency was greatest when combining ~1,000–2,500 track-and-field practice hours until t 1 with ~1,250 other-sports practice hours until t 1. 4. Peer-led engagement in any sport had negligible effects. Childhood/adolescent multi-sport coach-led practice apparently facilitated long-term sustainability of athletes’ development of adult practice efficiency and performance improvement in athletics.
Preparation and Application of a Novel Fluorescent Nanoparticle as Aluminum Fluorescence Probe

Abstract A new type of fluorescent triphenylene nanoparticles, in the 30–40 nm size range have been prepared by reprecipitation method. These colloids show higher luminescent intensity than that in acetone solution with the same concentration. The fluorescence emission was measured at λ ex/λ em = 307/461 nm. In the optimum pH range of 7.2–8.3, at room temperature, enhancement of this emission can be accomplished by the addition of aluminum ion. The enhancement intensity of fluorescence was proportional to the concentration of aluminum in the range of 8.2–200 µg/L. Its detection limits are 0.15 µg/L. Based on this, a new quantitive method for aluminum assay presented. Large excesses of cations and anions were found to have no interference. The developed method was successfully applied to determine real samples.
From Necropraxis to Necroresistance: Transgender Experiences in Latin America

Latin America is one of the deadliest regions for trans communities. Scientific research generated in the region has reported that trans people live through a complicated panorama shaped by multiple forms of oppression, extreme violence, and micro-aggressions. Although necropolitics, as a theoretical approach, has been useful to understand how State policies negatively affect trans individuals, it does not fully account for informal dynamics within groups and among individuals that are potentially lethal for this population in Latin America. To account for this gap, the author proposes two novel concepts: necropraxis (a pattern that manifest itself in everyday social interactions, through which gradual small doses of death are delivered to eliminate, symbolically and/or literally, trans people); and necroresistance (the ways in which trans people defy the threats imposed by necropraxis through “ordinary” acts manifested in their everyday life). The main objective of this article is to put forth definitions for these two concepts and identify how they apply in the context of trans communities in three countries of the region: Guatemala, Argentina, and Chile. To achieve the latter, the author relies on her ethnographic work in these contexts. Data were gathered through parcipant observation, in-depth interviews with trans persons (N = 11) and informal conversations with individuals during the site visits. A deductive qualitative analysis was conducted. Results evidence how the manifestation of necropraxis and necroresistance were highly influenced by the historical, political, economic and sociocultural context of each country. This study provides valuable information to help both policymakers and other stakeholders understand the problem’s magnitude in the region and the ways necropraxis is experienced in everyday relations between trans individuals and others. Similarly, through the understanding of what constitutes necroresistance and its value, the proposed framework could help them outline prevention and management strategies to strengthen trans communities in different countries.
Cross-Sectional Association of Lifetime Electronic Cigarette Use with Wheezing and Related Respiratory Symptoms in U.S. Adults

Abstract Introduction Electronic cigarette use (vaping) has been found to be associated with respiratory symptoms like wheezing or whistling in the chest. Whether or not lifetime vaping occurrences are associated with wheezing has not yet been investigated. Methods Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study Wave 4 data with 22,233 adults collected from December 2016 to January 2018 were used. The cross-sectional association of lifetime vaping occurrences with wheezing and related respiratory symptoms was examined using multivariable weighted logistic regression models considering the complex sampling design. Results According to the weighted PATH Wave 4 data, about 89.9% adults never vaped, 3.2% adults vaped one time, 3.2% vaped 2–10 times, 1.3% vaped 11–20 times, 1.1% vaped 21–50 times, 0.4% vaped 51–99 times, and 0.9% vaped 100 or more times in their entire life. Compared to adults who never vaped, adults who vaped 2–10 times had a significantly higher association with ever wheezing (aOR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1 to 1.6), past 12-month wheezing (aOR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2 to 1.9) and the number of wheezing attacks in the past 12 months (aOR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2 to 1.8). Adults who vaped 11–20 times and 100 or more times had similar associations with wheezing as that for adults who vaped 2–10 times. Controlling other tobacco use attenuated the associations. Conclusions Lifetime vaping occurrences were found to be associated with some definitions of self-reported wheezing in cross-sectional analyses adjusted for other tobacco use. Implications Using the cross-sectional PATH Wave 4 data with 22,233 adults, we found significant associations between lifetime vaping occurrences and ever wheezing or whistling in the chest, past 12 months wheezing or whistling in the chest, as well as the number of wheezing attacks in the past 12 months. The study results suggest that larger studies with more precise time frames and measures are needed to further understand possible connections between vaping experimentation and wheezing symptoms that could inform our understanding of the health effects of electronic cigarettes and resultant policy decisions.
The Role of EGCG in Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy.

BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women. Green tea has been studied for breast cancer chemopreventive and possibly chemotherapeutic effects due to its high content in polyphenolic compounds, including epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). METHOD This review is based on a literature research that included papers registered on the Medline database. The research was conducted through PubMed, with the application of the following query: "EGCG"AND 'breast cancer". The result was a total of 88 articles in which this review stands on. RESULTS In vitro, EGCG shows antioxidant or pro-oxidant properties, depending on the concentration and exposure time. EGCG blocks cell cycle progression and modulates signaling pathways that affects cell proliferation and differentiation. EGCG also induces apoptosis, negatively modulates different steps involved in metastasis and targets angiogenesis by inhibiting VEGF transcription. In vivo, investigations have shown that oral administration of EGCG results in reduction of tumor growth and in antimetastatic and antiangiogenic effects in animal xenograft and allograft models. DISCUSSION Much remains unknown about the molecular mechanisms involved in the protective effects of EGCG on mammary carcinogenesis. In addition, more studies in vivo are necessary to determine the potential toxicity of EGCG at higher doses and to elucidate its interactions with other drugs. CONCLUSION A protective effect of EGCG has been shown in different experimental models and under different experimental conditions, suggesting clinical implications of EGCG for breast cancer prevention and therapy. The data presented in this review support the importance of further investigations.
A case study on a preventive programme against child sexual abuse in preschools in the City of Malmö, Sweden

The aim is to describe the development potential of a support material to prevent, detect and manage child sexual abuse (CSA) as part of making preschools a safe place for children as well as facilitating recruitment and counteracting dropouts among men. Physical contact between men and children within ECEC is obviously not viewed as natural. Some of men’s actions thereby risk being misinterpreted as SCA (Eidevald, 2016). The discourse of suspicion questions their motives for working with children and forces them to position themselves in relation to the risk of being wrongly suspected of CSA (Brody 2015; Peeters, Rohrmann & Emilsen, 2015). The data are extracted from interviews with 'key persons’ who have created the support material as well as heads of preschools responsible for prevention and remedial action in case of suspicion. The analysis focuses on narratives of suspected CSAs (Riessman 2008). The study follows the Swedish Research Council’s requirements. All personal information are removed. The interviewees have read and approved the transcriptions. The analysis shows that more knowledge is needed to understand what effects actions in the physical and discursive environment have in the preventive work. Talking about good care raises awareness levels, which reduces the risk of CSA as well as the risk of men being mistakenly suspected. Preventive work, which balances a childand adult perspective, increases the opportunities for recruiting and reducing dropouts among men within ECEC, among other things, by enabling them to be professional in situations that include physical contact and intimacy.
Effect of Diverse Recoding of Granule Cells on Optokinetic Response in A Cerebellar Ring Network with Synaptic Plasticity

We consider a cerebellar ring network for the optokinetic response (OKR), and investigate the effect of diverse recoding of granule (GR) cells on OKR by varybing the connection probability pc from Golgi to GR cells. For an optimal value of , individual GR cells exhibit diverse spiking patterns which are in-phase, anti-phase, or complex out-of-phase with respect to their population-averaged firing activity. Then, these diversely-recoded signals via parallel fibers (PFs) from GR cells are effectively depressed by the error-teaching signals via climbing fibers from the inferior olive which are also in-phase ones. Synaptic weights at in-phase PF-Purkinje cell (PC) synapses of active GR cells are strongly depressed via strong long-term depression (LTD), while those at anti-phase and complex out-of-phase PF-PC synapses are weakly depressed through weak LTD. This kind of “effective” depression (i.e., strong/weak LTD) at the PF-PC synapses causes a big modulation in firings of PCs, which then exert effective inhibitory coordination on the vestibular nucleus (VN) neuron (which evokes OKR). For the firing of the VN neuron, the learning gain degree ℒg, corresponding to the modulation gain ratio, increases with increasing the learning cycle, and it saturates at about the 300th cycle. By varying pc from , we find that a plot of saturated learning gain degree versus pc forms a bell-shaped curve with a peak at (where the diversity degree in spiking patterns of GR cells is also maximum). Consequently, the more diverse in recoding of GR cells, the more effective in motor learning for the OKR adaptation.
Can Risk Premium Explain the Uncovered Interest Parity Puzzle? A Nonparametric Approach

Fama (1984) suggests that the uncovered interest parity puzzle may be explained by the omitted variable bias caused by the unobserved risk premium. This paper applies the Hodrick-Prescott filter to the forecast error based on the uncovered interest rate parity, and directly estimates the risk premium as the slow-evolving smooth component. Furthermore, the Fourier Flexible Form with a small number of low frequency components is employed to obtain a similar estimate of the risk premium. We find strong evidence that the risk premium and interest differential are negatively correlated, and weaker evidence that the covariance is less than negative variance of the interest differential.
Preferences for family planning education among men and women in rural, highly religious Tanzanian communities: a discrete choice experiment

Abstract Unmet need for family planning (FP) remains prevalent worldwide. In Tanzania, 21.7% of women desire to delay pregnancy, but do not use modern contraception despite its free availability at local clinics. Our prior data suggest that this is related to complex gender and religious dynamics in rural communities. To understand how education about FP could be improved, we developed a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to rank preferences of six attributes of FP education. Results were stratified by gender. Sixty-eight women and 76 men completed interview-assisted DCEs. Participants significantly preferred education by a clinician (men = 0.62, p < .001; women = 0.38, p < .001) and education in mixed-gender groups (men = 0.55, p < .001; women = 0.26, p < .001). Women also significantly preferred education by a religious leader (0.26, p = .012), in a clinic versus church, mosque, or community centre (0.31, p = .002), and by a female educator (0.12, p = .019). Men significantly preferred a male educator (0.17, p = .015), whom they had never met (0.25, p < .001), and educating married and unmarried people separately (0.22, p = .002). Qualitative data indicate women who had not previously used contraception preferred education led by a religious leader in a church or mosque. FP education tailored to these preferences may reach a broader audience, dispel misconceptions about FP and ultimately decrease unmet need.
Hyperbolic Cooper-Pair Polaritons in Planar Graphene/Cuprate Plasmonic Cavities.

Hyperbolic Cooper-pair polaritons (HCP) in cuprate superconductors are of fundamental interest due to their potential for providing insights into the nature of unconventional superconductivity. Here, we critically assess an experimental approach using near-field imaging to probe HCP in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x (Bi-2212) in the presence of graphene surface plasmon polaritons (SPP). Our simulations show that inherently weak HCP features in the near-field can be strongly enhanced when coupled to graphene SPP in layered graphene/hexagonal boron nitride (hBN)/Bi-2212 heterostructures. This enhancement arises from our multilayered structures effectively acting as plasmonic cavities capable of altering collective modes of a layered superconductor by modifying its electromagnetic environment. The degree of enhancement can be selectively controlled by tuning the insulating spacer thickness with atomic precision. Finally, we verify the expected renormalization of room-temperature graphene SPP using near-field infrared imaging. Our modeling, augmented with data, attests to the validity of our approach for probing HCP modes in cuprate superconductors.
A new ultrafast energy funneling material harvests three times more diffusive solar energy for GaInP photovoltaics

Significance Using molecular systems that harvest diffusive sunlight on large areas and funnel it onto much smaller areas of precious high-performance solar cells could pave the way to affordable high-efficiency photovoltaics. Here, we discovered important structural principles of molecules suitable to align diffusive light, the underlying ultrafast depolarization/repolarization dynamics, and a material with significantly higher light harvesting in the peak of the solar spectrum. There is no theoretical limit in using molecular networks to harvest diffusive sun photons on large areas and funnel them onto much smaller areas of highly efficient but also precious energy-converting materials. The most effective concept reported so far is based on a pool of randomly oriented, light-harvesting donor molecules that funnel all excitation quanta by ultrafast energy transfer to individual light-redirecting acceptor molecules oriented parallel to the energy converters. However, the best practical light-harvesting system could only be discovered by empirical screening of molecules that either align or not within stretched polymers and the maximum absorption wavelength of the empirical system was far away from the solar maximum. No molecular property was known explaining why certain molecules would align very effectively whereas similar molecules did not. Here, we first explore what molecular properties are responsible for a molecule to be aligned. We found a parameter derived directly from the molecular structure with a high predictive power for the alignability. In addition, we found a set of ultrafast funneling molecules that harvest three times more energy in the solar’s spectrum peak for GaInP photovoltaics. A detailed study on the ultrafast dipole moment reorientation dynamics demonstrates that refocusing of the diffusive light is based on ∼15-ps initial dipole moment depolarization followed by ∼50-ps repolarization into desired directions. This provides a detailed understanding of the molecular depolarization/repolarization processes responsible for refocusing diffusively scattered photons without violating the second law of thermodynamics.
Acute focal bacterial nephritis in a renal allograft

Acute focal bacterial nephritis (AFBN) is a rarely diagnosed localized non-liquefactive bacterial infection of the kidney1. Due to the non-specific clinical presentation of this entity, correct diagnosis can be challenging. We present the case of a 38-yearold female with end stage renal disease secondary to atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) who was submitted to kidney transplantation with prophylactic eculizumab administration. Allograft function was within the normal range since the 2nd/3rd day posttransplant. On day 12, a protocol kidney biopsy was performed, showing an endoluminal thrombus, leading to an increase of eculizumab dose. Three months after kidney transplantation she presented with a 2-day history of fever, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. She denied abdominal pain, dysuria, urinary output reduction, or other symptoms. Clinical examination revealed slight allograft tenderness and fever up to 40oC. Laboratory investigation revealed leucopenia, elevated c-reactive protein, and de novo allograft dysfunction. An empiric intravenous antibiotic therapy was initiated and further radiological imaging was scheduled. Doppler ultrasound (DUS) showed rounded-shaped focal hyperechoic lesions, the largest with 40 mm on the major axis (Figure 1 panel A, arrow) without perfusion abnormalities (Figure 1 – panel B), indicating the possibility of iatrogenic bleeding after biopsy. Figure 1. Panel A. Doppler ultrasound (DUS) showing rounded-shaped focal hyperechoic lesions (arrow); Panel B. Doppler ultrasound showing no perfusion abnormalities.
Mechanisms of Formation of the Interphase in Epoxy-Amine/Aluminium Joints

Detailed investigations of the interaction of 1,2- diaminoethane with aluminium surfaces have been performed to understand the mechanisms of interphase formation in epoxy-amine/aluminium joints. In particular, it has been shown that both metal bond surface complexes (O-Al … N bonds) and hydrogen-bonded surface complexes (Al-OH … N and CxOyHz … N bonds) can be formed on aluminium surfaces covered with a partly contaminated (hydr)oxide film. However, surface dissolution can only be induced by mononuclear bidentate metal bond surface complexes (chelates), which result from a ligand exchange mechanism between specific hydroxyl sites (η1- and µ2-OH) of the surface and the amino terminations of the molecule. The formation of these chelates weakens the trans Al-O bonds and detachment of the ligand-metal complexes can occur. This mechanism is enhanced by the presence of moisture. In practical epoxy-amine/aluminium joints, the interphase can, thus, be formed by migration of these complexes in the liquid polymeric phase before curing is achieved.
Follow-up with Telemedicine in Early Discharge for COPD Exacerbations: Randomized Clinical Trial (TELEMEDCOPD-Trial)

Abstract The results reported by different studies on telemonitoring in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been contradictory, without showing clear benefits to date. The objective of this study was to ascertain whether an early discharge and home hospitalization telehealth program for patients with COPD exacerbation is as effective as and more efficient than a traditional early discharge and home hospitalization program. A prospective experimental non-inferiority study, randomized into two groups (telemedicine/control) was conducted. The telemedicine group underwent monitoring and was required to transmit data on vital constants and ECGs twice per day, with a subsequent telephone call and 2 home visits by healthcare staff (intermediate and at discharge). The control group received daily visits. The main variable was time until first exacerbation. The secondary variables were: number of exacerbations; use of healthcare resources; satisfaction; quality of life; anxiety-depression; and therapeutic adherence, measured at one and 6 months of hospital discharge. A total of 116 patients were randomized (58 to each group) without significant differences in baseline characteristics or time until first exacerbation, i.e. median 48 days (pp. 25–75:23–120) in the control group, and 47 days (pp. 25–75:19–102) in the intervention group; p = 0.52). A significant decrease in the number of visits was observed in the intervention versus the control group, 3.8 ± 1 vs 5.1 ± 2(p = 0.001), without significant differences in the number of exacerbations. In conclusion follow-up via a telemedicine program in early discharge after hospitalization is as effective as conventional home follow up, being the cost of either strategy not significantly different.