Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of carbon dynamics in tropical and temperate soils using radiocarbon measurements

The magnitude and timing of the response of the soil carbon reservoir to changes in land use or climate is a large source of uncertainty in global carbon cycle models. One method of assessing soil carbon dynamics, based on modeling the observed increase of 14C in organic matter pools during the 30 years since atmospheric weapons testing ended, is described in this paper. Differences in the inventory and residence time of carbon are observed in organic matter from soils representing tropical (Amazon Basin, Brazil) and temperate (western slope of the Sierra Nevada mountains, California) forest ecosystems. The majority of the organic carbon in the upper 22 cm of the tropical soil (7.1 kgC m−2) has residence times of 10 years or less, with a minor component of very refractory carbon. The estimated annual flux of carbon into and out of the soil organic matter in this horizon of the mineral soil, based on modeling of the 14C data, is between 1.9 and 5.5 kgC m−2 yr−1. In contrast, organic matter in the temperate soil over a similar depth interval (0-23 cm; 5.2 kgC m−2), is made up of approximately equal amounts of carbon with residence times of 10, 100, and 1000 years. The estimated annual flux of carbon into and out of this soil is 0.22 to 0.45 kgC m−2 yr−1. Rapid turnover of organic matter with density <1.6 - 2.0 g cm−3contributes a major component of the annual flux of carbon into and out of both soil types. Hydrolysis of mineral soil organic matter of density < 1.6-2.0 g cm−3 removed 14C-enriched components from the temperate soil but had no effect on the 14C content of the residue in 0 - 22 cm layer of the tropical soil. The results presented here show that carbon cycle models which treat soil carbon dynamics as a single reservoir with a turnover rate based on radiocarbon measurements of bulk soil organic matter underestimate the annual fluxes of organic matter through the soil organic matter pool, particularly in tropical regions.
Integrated mass spectrometry approach to screening of phenolic molecules in Hyphaene thebiaca fruits with their antiradical activity by thin-layer chromatography

Hyphaene thebaica is an ancient palm whose fruits are an integral part of the human diet. An approach based on high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) in the negative ion mode, evidencing phenolic molecules as the main constituents of the plant has been developed. These phenolic molecules, widely distributed in plants and considered highly beneficial for their antioxidant properties, are very difficult to separate and characterize. Their presence has been rationalized on the basis of their mass spectrometry profiles. A Thermo Surveyor HPLC system and a C18 reversed phase column are used, and the mobile phase with a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.03% formic acid (v/v) in water in the gradient elution mode at flow rate 0.4 mL/min, detected at 360 nm. Phenolic molecules are screened based on accurate mass of pseudomolecular [M-H] ‒ ions and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data. The data obtained in our research show that Hyphaene thebaica fruits are a rich source of phenolic acids and flavonoids with evident of strong antioxidant.
Chitosan and Xyloglucan-Based Hydrogels: An Overview of Synthetic and Functional Utility

The development of new strategies for wound healing has resulted in the design of biomedical devices using polymers of natural origin. Hydrogels are biomaterials formed by three-dimensional polymeric networks that can retain large amounts of water or biological fluids, and smooth texture similar to living tissue. Chitosan is a linear polysaccharide, (1-4)-2-amino-2deoxy-ß-D-glucan, which has desirable features such as biocom- patibility, non-toxicity, hemostasis and antibacterial character. Xyloglucans have different applications in tissue engineering for their physicochemical properties, biocompatibility and control of cell expansion. Hydrogels had been made of homogeneous mixtures prepared of chitosan and purified xyloglucan, followed by a freeze-drying process to develop a flexible and porous structure. Additionally, their mechanical properties such as porosity, solubility, biodegradation, and the antibacterial activity of the hydrogels are studied. The results suggest that the incorporation of xyloglucan favors the characteristics from chitosan-based hydrogels, providing a promising alternative for application in biomate- rials with antimicrobial activity. the introduction of xyloglucan favors the characteristics of fluid absorption and mechanical resistance in chitosan hydrogels.
Dengue Infection Could Provoke Cardiac Arrest and Death

C l i n M e d International Library Citation: Vancini-Campanharo CR, Vancini RL, de Lira CAB, Andrade MS, Atallah AN, et al. (2016) Side Effects and Drug Interactions of Marijuana. Int Arch Nurs Health Care 2:030 Received: December 01, 2015: Accepted: January 28, 2016: Published: January 30, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 Vancini-Campanharo CR, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Vancini-Campanharo et al. Int Arch Nurs Health Care 2016, 2:030
Retrieval of suspended particulate matter from turbidity – model development, validation, and application to MERIS data over the Baltic Sea

ABSTRACT Suspended particulate matter (SPM) causes most of the scattering in natural waters and thus has a strong influence on the underwater light field, and consequently on the whole ecosystem. Turbidity is related to the concentration of SPM which usually is measured gravimetrically, a rather time-consuming method. Measuring turbidity is quick and easy, and therefore also more cost-effective. When derived from remote sensing data the method becomes even more cost-effective because of the good spatial resolution of satellite data and the synoptic capability of the method. Turbidity is also listed in the European Union’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive as a supporting monitoring parameter, especially in the coastal zone. In this study, we aim to provide a new Baltic Sea algorithm to retrieve SPM concentration from in situ turbidity and investigate how this can be applied to satellite data. An in situ dataset was collected in Swedish coastal waters to develop a new SPM model. The model was then tested against independent datasets from both Swedish and Lithuanian coastal waters. Despite the optical variability in the datasets, SPM and turbidity were strongly correlated (r = 0.97). The developed model predicts SPM reliably from in situ turbidity (R2 = 0.93) with a mean normalized bias (MNB) of 2.4% for the Swedish and 14.0% for the Lithuanian datasets, and a relative error (RMS) of 25.3% and 37.3%, respectively. In the validation dataset, turbidity ranged from 0.3 to 49.8 FNU (Formazin Nephelometric Unit) and correspondingly, SPM concentration ranged from 0.3 to 34.0 g m–3 which covers the ranges typical for Baltic Sea waters. Next, the medium-resolution imaging spectrometer (MERIS) standard SPM product MERIS Ground Segment (MEGS) was tested on all available match-up data (n = 67). The correlation between SPM retrieved from MERIS and in situ SPM was strong for the Swedish dataset with r = 0.74 (RMS = 47.4 and MNB = 11.3%; n = 32) and very strong for the Lithuanian dataset with r = 0.94 (RMS = 29.5% and MNB = −1.5%; n = 35). Then, the turbidity was derived from the MERIS standard SPM product using the new in situ SPM model, but retrieving turbidity from SPM instead. The derived image was then compared to existing in situ data and showed to be in the right range of values for each sub-area. The new SPM model provides a robust and cost-efficient method to determine SPM from in situ turbidity measurements (or vice versa). The developed SPM model predicts SPM concentration with high quality despite the high coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) range in the Baltic Sea. By applying the developed SPM model to already existing remote sensing data (MERIS/Envisat) and most importantly to a new generation of satellite sensors (in particular OLCI on board the Sentinel-3), it is possible to derive turbidity for the Baltic Sea.
Mining Student-Generated Textual Data In MOOCS And Quantifying Their Effects on Student Performance and Learning Outcomes

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are freely available courses offered online for distance based learners who have access to the internet. The tremendous success of MOOCs can in part, be attributed to their global availability, enabling anyone in the world to sign up/drop courses at any time during the course offerings. Course enrollment in MOOCs often range between 10,000 to 200,000 students, thereby providing a potentially rich venue for large scale digital data (e.g., student course comments, temporal and geo-location data, etc.). However, despite the overabundance of digital data generated through MOOCs, research into how student interactions in MOOCs translate to student performance and learning outcomes is limited. The objective of this research is to mine student-generated textual data (e.g., online discussion forums) existing in MOOCs in order to quantify their impact on student performance and learning outcomes. Student performance is quantified based on grades attained in course homework assignments, quizzes and examinations. Similar to in-class learning environments, students enrolled in MOOCs often self-organize and form learning groups, where course topics and assignments can be discussed. One of the major benefits of MOOC data is that student networks and discussion therein are digitally stored and readily available for data mining/statistical analysis. The proposed methodology employs robust natural language processing techniques and data mining algorithms to quantify temporal changes in student sentiments relating to course topics and instructor clarity. Researchers aim to determine whether textual content (e.g., quality VS quantity of student forum discussions) expressed through MOOCs can serve as leading indicators of student performance in MOOCs. A case study involving the Introduction to Art: Concepts and Techniques offered by Penn State University through the Coursera platform, is used to validate the proposed methodology.
NEOGENE TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF THE CELEBES-SULU BASINS : NEW INSIGHTS FROM LEG 124 DRILLING

The Neogene tectonic evolution of the Celebes-Sulu basins is discussed on the basis of representative seismic profiles, published industrial wells, and Leg 124 drilling results. The study is also based on geological data collected all around the margins of these basins. A synthetic cross section was built from the South China Sea to Sulawesi, and correlation of the major magmatic and tectonic events was attempted. We suggest that these basins and their margins (Celebes-Sulu block) collided with the rifted margin of China (Reed Bank) around 16 Ma. A main event of submarine pyroclastic emplacement coincided with this collision. The Sulu Basin probably opened in a back-arc position for the Cagayan volcanic arc in early Miocene time. Incipient closing of the Sulu and Celebes basins, still presently active, is documented within their sedimentary cover.
The Role of Psychological Safety and Psychological Empowerment on Intrapreneurial Behavior towards Successful Individual Performance: A Conceptual Framework

Though a substantial number of researches have been documented between psychological safety, psychological empowerment and individual level performance, the manner through which these relationships transpires is scarcely studied, principally as regards to individual performance of middle managers in medium enterprises. To address this shortfall and to expound further on these relationships, several researchers proposed mediating variables to better explain the relationship between these variables. Accordingly, this paper proposes intrapreneurial behavior as a mediating variable on the psychological safety, psychological empowerment and individual level performance relationships of middle managers in Nigerian medium enterprises. Psychological safety, psychological empowerment and intrapreneurial behavior relationships have been deliberated, followed by the intrapreneurial behavior and middle manager successful performance relationship and lastly the proposed mediating role of intrapreneurial behavior on the psychological safety, psychological empowerment and individual level performance relationships.
Animal Model Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Genetically Engineered Mice

Several mouse models of human prostate cancer were studied to identify and characterize potential precursor lesions containing foci of atypical epithelial cells. These lesions exhibit a sequence of changes suggesting progressive evolution toward malignancy. Based on these observations, a grading system is proposed to classify prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) in genetically engineered mice (GEM). Four grades of GEM PIN are proposed based on their architecture, differentiation pattern, and degree of cytological atypia. PIN I lesions have one or two layers of atypical cells. PIN II has two or more layers of atypical cells. PIN III has large, pleomorphic nuclei with prominent nucleoli and the cells tend to involve the entire lumen with expansion of the duct outlines. PIN IV lesions contain atypical cells that fill the lumen and bulge focally into, and frequently compromise, the fibromuscular sheath. Within the same cohorts, the lower grade PINs first appear earlier than the higher grades. Morphometric and immunohistochemical analyses confirm progressive change. Although the malignant potential of PIN IV in mice has not been proven, GEM PIN is similar to human PIN. This PIN classification system is a first step toward a systematic evaluation of the biological potential of these lesions in GEM. (Am J Pathol 2002, 161:727–735)
Overcoming Ceiling Effects in Defect Prediction

While data miners can learn defect predictors from static code features, the performance improvement in such detectors is curiously static. One explanation for this ceiling effect is that static code features have limited information content. If so, then it should be useful to give our learners more knowledge about the problems they are processing. Data miners build predictors using a performance criteria P (e.g. accuracy), then assess them using another criteria Q (e.g. probability of detection). Typically, P ! = Q, so learners are blind to their purpose. Therefore, it is hardly surprising that they cannot find ways to better their performance. WHICH is a new data miner with P ≈ Q; i.e. a similar evaluation criteria is applied during training and testing. After matching P to the goals of a particular business application, we found that commonly used data miners perform no better than simple manual methods; and that WHICH outperforms other methods, coming close to a theoretical upper bound in performance (50 and 75 percentile of 70.9% and 80%, respectively). That is, with knowledge of the business application, it is possible to build new data miners that overcome ceiling effects.
Stomach Cancer Diagnosis by Using a Combination of Image Processing Algorithms, Local Binary Pattern Algorithm and Support Vector Machine

Although the amount of stomach cancer has reduced obviously during last decades in western countries, but this illness is still one of the main causes of death in developing countries. In Iran , stomach cancer is one of the most common illness in some areas like northwest and northeast . In this study we aim to suggest a new way for diagnosing this illness. One of the main problems with this illness is that the diagnosis process doesn’t take place at the right time. Nowadays doctors try to diagnose this illness on the basis of their experiences, knowledge, and complicated surveys but all humans have error in their works. Data in this study are selected from 55 subjects (selected randomly). By using image processing and artificial intelligence algorithms like primary preprocessors for increasing the quality and statistical characteristics of image, local binary pattern algorithm for elicit characteristics, image histogram algorithm to elicit impaired characteristics and support vector machine has been used for accurate classification among impaired and suspected subjects and also for accurate diagnosis of impairment. The suggested system by using a combination of mentioned methods was succeed to achieve 91.8% accurate diagnosis. Although available methods are accurate but they are really expensive and time consuming, by comparing this method with those mentioned above are will have a better understanding of its accuracy and usefulness.
PCOS and metformin: from pharmacology to clinical use for women's health

Metformin is an old compound optimal for treatment of type 2 diabetes. Since when PCOS patients have been reported to have insulin resistance, metformin has been demonstrated to modulate several aspects of PCOS and to improve the most common cause of menstrual irregularity, inesthetisms and infertility. Metformin induces a better control of glucose uptake inducing a lower synthesis/secretion of insulin. Such effect permits to reduce insulin resistance which is the cause of the compensatory hyperinsulinemia typical in most but not all of PCOS patients. The positive control of metabolism has many positive effects on the hormonal patterns such as the restoration of menstrual cyclicity, ovulatory cycles and fertility since abnormal insulin levels affect the hypopthalamus-pituitary-ovarian functionas well as peripheral tissues use of glucose. The combination of an improved life-style with metformin treatment improves the impairments typically observed in hyperinsulinemic PCOS patients, reducing the possible evolution towards to the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes; and when pregnancy occurs, it consistently reduces the risk of gestational diabetes, eclampsia and hypertension. Though it might seem that metformin is the “optimal treatment” for PCOS patients, only hyperinsulinemic PCOS patients are those with higher chances to get the best results from metformin administration, mainly if diet and life-style are attentively combined.
THE DIRECTOOL SOFTWARE - TOOL DESIGN ON FACET GEOMETRIES WITH DECISION SUPPORT

The paper describes the development and validation of a robust, easy-in-use and comprehensive software system for tool design. In contrast to existing CAD systems the described software is a solid modeller for tool design using triangulated facet data instead of the more complex mathematical surface descriptions. This brings a lot of benefits for the daily work with geometry data which is explained in this paper in detail. In order to make the whole approach more comprehensive the software has been complemented by decision support components which support the tool designer in design decisions related to the envisaged application of the mould. A strong emphasis has been put on metal casting applications. The tool designer is enabled to search for reference design solutions in a database. As mould design heavily depends on process and material considerations the tool designer is provided with suitable information on the one hand and a structure to store his design decisions on the other hand. In this way it became possible to end up with a protocol of the tool design decisions in addition to the pure geometric description of the tooling and thus obtaining a more comprehensive tool design.
Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injection as a Primary Therapy for Threshold Disease (ROP) in Al Qassim Region

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal injection of bevacizumab without laser as primary therapy in patients with threshold disease in difficulties or lack of facilities for laser as Al Qassim region. Patients and methods: The study included eighteen eyes of nine patients with moderate to severe active ROP (stage III, threshold, or plus disease in zones I and II). For all we gave intravitreal injection of bevacizumab without laser after obtained written consent from the parents, including disclosure of the off-label use of the drug, its unknown safety and efficacy for this indication, and its unknown effects in children. Results: Of 18 eyes enrolled in the study, all have completed 1-year follow-up. Mean birth weight in these infants was 1235 gm, mean gestational age at birth was 28.8 weeks, and mean age at the time of injection was 1.5 months. All eyes showed complete resolution of neovascular plus disease. No patient developed any ocular or systemic complications. In all cases, the ERG and VEP were within normal at 1 year. Conclusions: Intravitreal injection of bevacizumab is an easy, safe and effective modality of therapy for threshold disease ROP especially in presence of difficulties for laser photocoagulation.
Quantum-Classical correspondence in nonlinear multidimensional systems: enhanced di usion through soliton wave-particles

Quantum-Classical correspondence in nonlinear multidimensional systems: enhanced diffusion through soliton wave-particles. Danilo Simoes Brambila Quantum chaos has emerged in the half of the last century with the notorious problem of scattering of heavy nuclei. Since then, theoreticians have developed powerful techniques to approach disordered quantum systems. In the late 70’s, Casati and Chirikov initiated a new field of research by studying the quantum counterpart of classical problems that are known to exhibit chaos. Among the several quantumclassical chaotic systems studied, the kicked rotor stimulated a lot of enthusiasm in the scientific community due to its equivalence to the Anderson tight binding model. This equivalence allows one to map the random Anderson model into a set of fully deterministic equations, making the theoretical analysis of Anderson localization considerably simpler. In the one-dimensional linear regime, it is known that Anderson localization always prevents the diffusion of the momentum. On the other hand, for higher dimensions it was demonstrated that for certain conditions of the disorder parameter, Anderson localized modes can be inhibited, allowing then a phase transition from localized (insulating) to delocalized (metallic) states. 4