Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of near miss medication errors

Evaluation of Near Miss Medication Errors Susan Williams, BSN, RN, MSN/FNP student at the Medical University of Ohio According to the Institute of Medicine (1999), approximately 98,000 deaths that occur annually in hospitals are the result of preventable events and most errors result in less or no harm. Every reported near-miss error is opportunity to learn and correct system failures before harm reaches the patient (Mutter, 2003; Jones, Cochran, Hicks and Mueller, 2004). The purposes of this study were to determine what proportion of medication errors reported over a three month period in a midwestern teaching hospital were classified as “near miss” and to evaluate all of the “near miss” errors to determine the most common types and characteristics. Near miss were all errors in Category A (capacity to cause error) or B (error occurred but did not reach the patient). Each error was also typed as an error in prescribing, transcribing, dispensing or administering. A total of 440 medication errors were evaluated and 63% (n=277) were near miss errors. Near miss errors most frequently occurred during prescribing (75%, n=208), whereas all other errors most frequently occurred during administration (62%, n=101). Evaluation of near miss prescribing errors revealed that the most frequent error was incorrect dose/frequency (35%, n=78) and unclear orders (17%, n=37).
Fiber-Based Laser Transmitter at 1.57 μm for Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide from Satellites

We review progress in developing laser technology and improving the technical readiness of a fiber-based laser transmitter operating at 1.57 μm for use in lidar remote sensing of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) from satellites OCIS codes: (010.0280) Remote sensing and sensors; (010.3640) Lidar; (060.3510) Lasers, fiber; (140.3510) Lasers, fiber; (140.3280) Laser amplifiers; (230.2285) Fiber devices and optical amplifiers
The Human – Canine Bond : The Evolution of Unique Social Skills

Over the course of history, humans have, for a variety of reasons, domesticated everything from cats and dogs to snakes and horses. Yet none of them receive the attention, care and love that dogs do. Why is this? What makes dogs man’s best friend? The answer seems to lie in the long relationship between the two species. Domestic dogs are remarkably skilled at reading human social and communicative behavior, perhaps even more so than our nearest primate relatives. Those specialized social skills are the foundation of the inimitable relationship between humans and dogs. Dogs are our hunting partners, guards and cherished family companions, and the specialized social skills they possess make them perfectly suited for filling these roles.
A Revolution of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: Biofabricating Customized Tissues, Organs, and Human Parts

The biomedical burden of treating patients with damaged tissues and organs continues to grow at an unprecedented rate [1]. Yet, in spite of current state-of-the-art surgical and medical treatments, clinical outcomes are persistently sub-optimal, in part due to a lack of biological components for transplantation [2]. This paper proposes the use of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering to biofabricate patient-specific tissue and organs to alleviate this burden. We specifically examine the tissues: skin, fat, and bone; as well as the organs: kidney, liver, and pancreas to illustrate the future possibility of creating entire customized human parts. We outline a method for biomanufacturing in which organs and tissues would be customized with 3D models of the patient’s vasculature to allow for easier and improved surgical re-anastomosis. Fabrication would be performed with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from a patient’s somatic cells, negating the issue of rejection. Industrial software that integrates liquid handling robotic hardware and Design-of Experiments (DoE) mathematics to create “recipes” for the development of distinct cell types, can be combined with automation and robotics to bio-print customized tissues and organs on an industrial scale. Also, we outline some of the major ethical issues concerning biofabrication. Yet, with this system the field of plastic and reconstructive surgery would shift from the practice of repairing defects to replacing deficient tissues and organs. More significantly, the production of replacement biological components has great potential to improve the quality of life and clinical outcomes for millions of people as well as reduce the tremendous biomedical costs currently associated with transplant rejection and immunosuppression.
Nitrate stable isotopes : Tools for determining nitrate sources among different land uses in the Mississippi River Basin

A study was conducted to determine whether NO3 stable isotopes (δ15N and δ18O), at natural abundance levels, could discriminate among NO3 sources from sites with different land uses at the basin scale. Water samples were collected from 24 sites in the Mississippi River Basin from five land-use categories: (1) large river basins (>34 590 km2) draining multiple land uses and smaller basins in which the predominant land use was (2) urban, (3) undeveloped, (4) crops, or (5) crops and livestock. Our data suggest that riverine nitrates from different land uses have overlapping but moderately distinct isotopic signatures. δ18O data were critical in showing abrupt changes in NO3 source with discharge. The isotopic values of large rivers resembled crop sites, sites with livestock tended to have δ15N values characteristic of manure, and urban sites tended to have high δ18O values characteristic of atmospheric nitrate.
Season variation in nutrient composition of Alaskan walleye pollock

A popular hypothesis for the noted steady decline in the population of Steller sea lions, Eumetopias jubatus (Schreber, 1776), in the regions from Prince William Sound through the Aleutian Islands relates to their nutritional status. Sea lion diets appear to have shifted from primarily small schooling fatty fishes to low-fat fish such as walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas, 1814). We examined the seasonal changes in proximate nutrients of pollock collected in the Bering Sea. Mean energy density (dry mass) of pollock peaked in October then declined and remained low throughout winter. Energy recovery occurred in the summer months with strong recovery observed in female fish caught in July. Contrary to whole fish carcass energy contents, both total protein and moisture contents were at their highest levels in winter (January) when total crude lipid content was at its lowest (p < 0.05). This trend gradually declined to its lowest levels in the fall when lipid content was high. The decline in total .
Food consumption by sea lions: Existing data and techniques

Knowing the quantity of prey that sea lions consume is a prerequisite for assessing the role of sea lions in aquatic ecosystems and the potential for competition to occur with fisheries. We reviewed the different approaches that have been used to estimate the food requirements for the six species of sea lions. We reviewed data on the quantity of food consumed by sea lions in captivity, and examined how consumption varied by species, body size, and season. We also reviewed and quantified available information on the energetics of sea lions and assessed the potential application of these data to parameterize an existing bioenergetic model that was developed to estimate the food requirements of Steller sea lions. Our study provided ranges of estimates of food consumption for sea lions that can be used in various modeling strategies to assess the impact of sea lions on prey populations, including commercially exploited fish species. The approaches reviewed in our study shared common difficulties arising from the quantity and quality of data, and the integration of data across scales and species. Our modeling exercise, in particular, identified the major uncertainties involved in estimating the food requirements of each sea lion species using an energetics approach. Our results provide direction for future research aimed at improving the accuracy and comparability of estimates of food consumption for sea lions. Introduction The foraging ecology of marine mammals is often central to the research and management of their populations. Predator-prey and ecosystem models have been used to explore such topics as the effects of prey availability on the dynamics of marine mammal populations, the accumulation Sea Lions of the World 177 Alaska Sea Grant College Program • AK-SG-06-01, 2006
Análise longitudinal do desempenho dos estudantes de Ensino Médio e estudantes de nível superior para Algoritmos e Programação

This paper shows a study that investigates the Basic Educational disciplines that contributes for development of competencies and skills for teaching Algorithm and Programming on Higher Education. An analysis of means of 137 students was performed among disciplines of High School and the Algorithm and Programming discipline of a Higher Educational Institution. The outcomes show that students with better performance in disciplines such as: Mathematics, Physics and Portuguese acquire skills and knowledge that support them to development questions of logical reasoning and problem solving required on the programming disciplines. Resumo. Este artigo apresenta um estudo que investiga as disciplinas do ensino médio que podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento das competências e habilidades necessárias para a aprendizagem de Algoritmos e Programação do Ensino Superior. Fez-se uma análise das médias de cada disciplina do Ensino Médio e da disciplina de Algoritmos e Programação de 137 alunos de uma IES. Os resultados demonstram que alunos com melhor desempenho nas disciplinas de Matemática, Física e Português adquirem competências e conhecimentos que lhes dão suporte para o desenvolvimento de questões de raciocínio lógico e resolução de problemas exigidos nas disciplinas de programação. 1. Introdução O presente artigo apresenta um estudo longitudinal de estudantes do Ensino Médio frente as suas médias na disciplina de Algoritmos e Programação nos cursos da área da Computação. Verifica-se que se os estudantes apresentam dificuldades na aprendizagem dos conteúdos em programação podem estar relacionadas a dificuldades da Educação Básica. Graminha em 1994 já afirmava o que se pode verificar em Fraga e Gonçalves (2017), que a dificuldade de aprendizagem por parte dos estudantes da Educação Básica para realizar a interpretação de enunciados de situações problemas e o desenvolvimento de soluções por meio de algoritmos está relacionada com aspectos emocionais e comportamentais. Segundo Marturano et. al. (1993) e Borges et. al. (2013) as dificuldades apresentadas são múltiplas, de caráter afetivo-sociais e cognitivos. Estas dificuldades são percebidas nas disciplinas vinculadas à área das Ciências Exatas, como DOI: 10.5753/cbie.wcbie. 2018.550 550 Anais dos Workshops do VII Congresso Brasileiro de Informática na Educação (WCBIE 2018) VII Congresso Brasileiro de Informática na Educação (CBIE 2018)
Prevalence and Factors Affecting Irritable Bowel Syndrome Among Medical Students at Taibah University

Background: The stressful life of medical students may worsen the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome, which is a chronic common disorder of the large intestine. In Saudi Arabia, chronic diseases are considered the cause for 69% of all deaths in 2002. Objectives: to identify the prevalence of chronic diseases, especially the prevalence of IBS among medical students at the University, and also to identify the risk factors contributing to IBS. Methods: A community-based Observational study was conducted among 555 students at the College of Medicine at the University over the period 1 – 29 May 2014. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from all subjects included in the study. Results: The prevalence of Irritable bowel at the University was 10.5%. It was more prevalent in senior students reaching a peak in 5th year (16.8%) (p=0.022). There was significant relationship between IBS and students who have low socioeconomic status and low grades (GBA). Other chronic diseases were less in medical students than the general population in Saudi Arabia. Conclusion: The study illustrated a high prevalence of IBS among medical students at the University, so we recommend a structured program for stress management among students including sports and recreational facilities that are geared to reduce stress and prevent it from reaching pathological states.
Observations of Wood Cell Walls with a Scanning Probe Microscope

Scanning Probe Microscopes (SPMs) observe specimen surfaces with probes by detecting the physical amount of a material between the cantilever and the surface. SPMs have a high resolution and can measure mechanical characteristics such as stiffness, adsorptive properties, and viscoelasticity. These features make it easy to identify the surface structure of complex materials; therefore, the use of SPMs has increased in recent years. Wood cell walls are primarily composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. It is believed that hemicellulose and lignin surround the cellulose framework; however, their detailed formation remains unknown. Therefore, we observed wood cell walls via scanning probe microscopy to try to reveal the formation of the cellulose framework. We determined that the size of the cellulose microfibril bundle and hemicellulose lignin module composite was 18.48 nm based on topography and that the size of the cellulose microfibril bundle was 15.33 nm based on phase images. In the viscoelasticity image, we found that the viscoelasticities of each cell wall of the same cell were not the same. This is because the cellulose microfibrils in each cell wall lean in different directions. The angle between the leaning of the cellulose microfibril and the cantilever affects the viscoelasticity measurement.
MANAGEMENT SCIENCE INFORM ĀCIJAS TEHNOLO ĢIJA UN VADĪBAS ZINĀTNE PERCEPTRON ARCHITECTURE ENSURING PATTERN DESCRIPTIO N COMPACTNESS TĒLU APRAKSTU KOMPAKTUMU NODROŠINOŠ Ā PERCEPTRONA ARHITEKT ŪRA

This paper examines conditions a neural n etwork has to meet in order to ensure the formation of a space of features satisfying the compactness hypothesis. The formulat ion of compactness hypothesis is defined in more detail as applied to neural networks. It is shown that despite the fact t ha the first layer of connections is formed randomly, the presen c of more than 30 elements in the middle network layer guarant ees a 100% probability that the G-matrix of the perceptron wil l not be special. It means that under additional mathematical calcula tions made by Rosenblatt, the perceptron will with guaranty form a s pace of features that could be then linearly divided. Indee d, Cover’s theorem only says that separation probability incre ases when the initial space is transformed into a higher dimensio nal space in the non-linear case. It however does not point when this probability is 100%. In the Rosenblatt’s perceptron, the non-linear transformation is carried out in the first layer whi ch is generated randomly. The paper provides practical conditions u nder which the probability is very close to 100%. For comparis on, in the Rumelhart’s multilayer perceptron this kind of analy sis is not performed.
On-Path Caching : The Benefits of Popularity

Information-Centric Networking (ICN), an alternative to the current Internet architecture, focuses on the distribution and retrieval of content instead of the transfer of information between specific endpoints. Approaches to ICN employ caches in the network to eliminate the transfer of information over lengthy communication paths from a source to consumers. The contribution of this paper lies in the placement of copies in on-path in-network caching. Our goal is to investigate the suitability of a probabilistic algorithm, ProbPD, based on two variables, the content’s popularity rates P and the distance ratio of each node from the source D, with regard to the cache hit rates, cache replacement rates, content delivery times and hop count rates. Towards this goal, we present a detailed comparison of simulation results of the proposed caching mechanism and published alternatives based on the YouTube traffic. Our results suggest that the performance of the algorithms is affected by the catalog size |O|. In particular, our approach may provide significant gains if certain conditions are met, such as |O|  10.000.
Evolution of the Mating System in a Partially Self‐Incompatible Species: Reproductive Assurance and Pollen Limitation in Populations That Differ in the Timing of Self‐Compatibility

Self‐fertilization can provide reproductive assurance during periods of low or unreliable pollinator visitation. Therefore, periods of low pollen receipt may favor evolutionary shifts from cross‐fertilization to self‐fertilization. Although reproductive assurance is hypothesized to be important in mating system evolution, it has been quantified in relatively few species. Leptosiphon jepsonii shows variation in the mode of selfing, with transient self‐incompatibility conferring delayed selfing seen in some individuals and early self‐compatibility present in others. Autofertility, reproductive assurance, and pollen limitation were quantified in three populations of L. jepsonii that vary in the timing of self‐compatibility and rate of self‐fertilization. Plants in all three populations were capable of high seed set through autonomous self‐fertilization, and selfing provided significant reproductive assurance in two populations, including one with the highest frequency of delayed selfing. Confidence intervals revealed no difference in reproductive assurance among populations. We conclude that both early and delayed self‐compatibility can confer reproductive assurance and alleviate pollen limitation in this species. Results from this study are integrated with previous studies on the same three populations. We synthesize data on inbreeding depression, outcrossing rates, and floral biology for a comprehensive evaluation of the factors affecting the evolution of mixed mating in L. jepsonii.
PILOT: optical performance and end-to-end characterisation

PILOT (Polarized Instrument for the Long-wavelength Observations of the Tenuous ISM), is a balloon-borne astronomy experiment dedicated to study the polarization of dust emission from the diffuse ISM in our Galaxy [1]. The observations of PILOT have two major scientific objectives. Firstly, they will allow us to constrain the large-scale geometry of the magnetic field in our Galaxy and to study in details the alignment properties of dust grains with respect to the magnetic field. In this domain, the measurements of PILOT will complement those of the Planck satellite at longer wavelengths. In particular, they will bring information at a better angular resolution, which is critical in crowded regions such as the Galactic plane. They will allow us to better understand how the magnetic field is shaping the ISM material on large scale in molecular clouds, and the role it plays in the gravitational collapse leading to star formation. Secondly, the PILOT observations will allow us to measure for the first time the polarized dust emission towards the most diffuse regions of the sky, where the measurements are the most easily interpreted in terms of the physics of dust. In this particular domain, PILOT will play a role for future CMB missions similar to that played by the Archeops experiment for Planck. The results of PILOT will allow us to gain knowledge about the magnetic properties of dust grains and about the structure of the magnetic field in the diffuse ISM that is necessary to a precise foreground subtraction in future polarized CMB measurements. The PILOT measurements, combined with those of Planck at longer wavelengths, will therefore allow us to further constrain the dust models. The outcome of such studies will likely impact the instrumental and technical choices for the future space missions dedicated to CMB polarization. The PILOT instrument will allow observations in two photometric channels at wavelengths 240 μm and 550 μm, with an angular resolution of a few arcminutes. We will make use of large format bolometer arrays, developed for the PACS instrument on board the Herschel satellite. With 1024 detectors per photometric channel and photometric band optimized for the measurement of dust emission, PILOT is likely to become the most sensitive experiment for this type of measurements. The PILOT experiment will take advantage of the large gain in sensitivity allowed by the use of large format, filled bolometer arrays at frequencies more favorable to the detection of dust emission. This paper presents the optical design, optical characterization and its performance. We begin with a presentation of the instrument and the optical system and then we summarise the main optical tests performed. In section III, we present preliminary end-to-end test results.
Microwave ablation and irreversible electroporation

Approximately 1 million hepatic malignancies (primary and secondary) are diagnosed annually worldwide. The most common tumor remains hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is the third most common cause of cancer death (Rahib et al, 2014) (see Chapter 91). Secondary or metastatic tumors, which have metastasized from a primary tumors, include colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM; see Chapter 92), neuroendocrine tumor (Met NET; Chapter 93), and other metastases (Chapter 94) and are rapidly increasing in incidence. Current local treatment strategies for early-stage primary tumors or liver-only/dominant hepatic disease include resection, liver transplantation (primarily for early-stage HCC and unique patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma [ICC; see Chapter 50]) or MetNET), and ablation, both thermaland nonthermal-based methods. Resection remains the gold standard of therapy; however, it remains available only in a small percentage of patients because of the extent of liver involvement, presence of extrahepatic disease, health of the underlying non–tumor-bearing liver, medical comorbidities, or a combination of factors (Groeschl et al, 2013). Liver ablative techniques have expanded the patient population who can be effectively treated because of its ability to overcome some of the contraindications to resection. Advancements in technology and a better understanding of patient selection, success, and recurrence have transformed ablation into an effective locoregional adjunctive therapy to resection, with an improved perioperative profile in relation to morbidity and mortality (North et al, 2014; Philips et al, 2013). The most common thermoablative technologies used clinically are radiofrequency ablation (RFA; see Chapter 98B) and microwave ablation (MWA). Both modalities produce local tissue destruction that does not require organ resection, but the physical properties of the energy sources are different. These local tissue destruction properties (frequency, time, power/ wattage) lead to significant potential advantages of MWA versus RFA. Benefits of MWA include larger ablation zone, no “heatsink” phenomenon, a higher intratumoral temperature, faster ablation times, and multiple tumor treatments at once (Martin et al, 2010).