Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physiological Signals That lnduce Flowering

The timing of the transition from vegetative growth to flowering is of paramount importance in agriculture, horticulture, and plant breeding because flowering is the first step of sexual reproduction. Studies to understand how this transition is controlled have occupied countless physiologists during the past half century and have produced an almost unmanageably large amount of information (Bernier et al., 1981a; Halevy, 1985-1989; Bernier, 1988; Kinet, 1993). A majority of plants use environmental cues to regulate the transition to flowering because all individuals of a species must flower synchronously for successful outcrossing and because all species must complete their sexual reproduction under favorable externa1 conditions. Any environmental variables exhibiting regular seasonal changes are potential factors that control the transition to flowering. The major factors are photoperiod, temperature, and water availability. Plants that do not require a particular photoperiod or temperature to flower, i.e., the so-called “autonomous-flowering” plants, are usually sensitive to irradiance. The environmental factors are perceived by different parts of the plant. Photoperiod and irradiance are perceived mainly by mature leaves in intact plants. Temperature is perceived by all plant parts, although low temperature (vernalization) is often perceived mainly by the shoot apex. Water availability is perceived by the root system. There are strong interactions between these different factors, so that each factor can change the threshold value for the effectiveness of the others. Plants, as opportunists, will thus make use of a different critical factor in different environments. Melilotus officinalis, for example, is a biennial with a vernalization requirement in temperate zones and an annual long-day (LD) plant with no cold requirement in arctic regions. In photoperiodic species, such as the short-day (SD) plant Pharbitis nil and the LD plant Silene armeria, flowering in unfavorable photoperiods can be caused by changing temperature, irradiance, or nutrition or by removing the roots. Similarly, in some late-flowering mutants of Arabidopsis, vernalization and an increase in the proportion of far-red light in the light source can substitute for one another in promoting the transition to flowering (Martínez-Zapater and Somerville, 1990; Bagnall, 1992). Clearly, there are alternate pathways to flowering in most, if
Tsunami fragility curves for seaport structures

The recent devastating tsunami events and the future higher impact expected due to the increasing number of people and structures being exposed to tsunami hazards revealed the need for the estimation of the effects of tsunamis especially on seaport structures. This study aims at developing analytical tsunami fragility functions for some representative typologies of seaport structures in Greece. An extensive numerical parametric investigation has been performed considering different combinations of tsunami loads based on FEMA (2008) recommendations for gradually increasing tsunami inundation depths and for the various structure typologies. Tsunami nonlinear static analyses have been performed and appropriate tsunami capacity curves have been derived. Structural limit states have been defined on tsunami capacity curves in terms of threshold values of material strain. Fragility curves have been numerically calculated for different damage states with gradually increasing inundation depths using nonlinear regression analysis. They could be used within a probabilistic risk assessment framework to assess the vulnerability of typical seaport structures exposed to tsunami hazard along EuropeanMediterranean and other regions of similar facilities worldwide.
INTELLIGENT ROUTING TOPOLOGY FOR BEACON DATA TRANSFER

Indoors the positioning technique retrieves the position of users by the intensity of the signal and the identifier information generated in the beacon node. However, user location measurement is designed without considering the movement path of the data, the energy amount of the beacon node, the distance and the number of hops. Also, beacon nodes often lose data due to the disappearance of the data path depending on the installed state in a building. In this paper, we have studied routing topology configuration method that delivers the energy amount, the distance between nodes and the number of hops efficiently in a real environment. In conclusion, we have solved the problems of loss for local energy and data in fixed path models.
Exploring Discretization Techniques for Breast Cancer Detection with Bayesian Networks

Cumputer Aided Detection systems (CAD) are assisting radiologists with deciding whether a detected anomaly is malignant. The current CAD systems are detecting most cancers, but false positives are the biggest problem. In a collaboration with the Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre (UMCN) and the computer science department of the Radboud University Nijmegen a multi-stage CAD system has been developed. The final stage is a Bayesian Network which elaborates on features like ‘contrast’ or ‘size’ of a suspicious region. In this stage two views of the same region are regarded simultaneously. In this thesis we improve this causal model by discretizing the variables. Both to capture the underlying probability distribution and to aid usability of the CAD system since radiologist would typically annotate a region in a categorical fashion (e.g. ‘high’ or ‘very low’ contrast). Classification performance is determined using ROC curves. A few algorithms perform better than continuous baseline, best was the entropy based method of Fayyad and Irani, but also simpler algorithms can outperform continuous baseline. Two simpler methods with only 3 bins per variable gave results similar to continuous baseline. This indicates that usablity can be improved without decline in performance.
Enumeration of Minimum Fanout-Free Circuit Structures

The paper focuses on logic synthesis of minimum-size circuits for small Boolean functions using structural enumeration. Known results for completely-specified functions up to five inputs are reproduced and independently verified. Additionally, for the first time, the results are presented on the number of structurally different minimum circuits for each NPN class of Boolean functions up to five inputs. The actual structures are made publicly available with potential applications in FPGA architecture exploration, peephole optimization by circuit rewriting, and approximate logic synthesis.
The role of the optometrist in dyslexia

the USA, the UK and Australia, to detect and treat Irlen syndrome or ‘scotopic sensitivity syndrome’. The latter term is probably inappropriate and, in view of the first detailed description of the syndrome by Meares, ‘Meares-Irlen syndrome’ seems to be the most appropriate term. The condition is characterised by symptoms of eyestrain and visual perceptual distortions when reading. The eyestrain is said to occur predominantly with reading and is typified by sore, tired eyes, visual discomfort and headaches. The visual perceptual distortions include blurring, doubling, fading, shimmering, movement of words or letters, and seeing patterns and shapes on the page. Meares-Irlen syndrome is treated with coloured filters, either coloured sheets (overlays) placed on the page or coloured lenses. An additional approach, for computer users, is to change the colour of the screen background and/or text. Another method, changing the colour of the illuminating light, is a possibility for people who consistently work under the same lighting conditions. Irlen claimed that the required colour differed from person to person and was very specific: if a person was given coloured spectacles of a similar colour, but slightly different to their required colour, then they would receive much less benefit than with the appropriate colour. Proponents of the Irlen system claim that up to 60% of people with a reading problem, and 10% of ‘good’ readers, suffer from this disorder.
Effect of nitrogen source and rate on potato tuber external and internal physiological disorders

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber quality is an important factor that can affect its market value. We investigated the impact of nitrogen (N) fertilizer source and rate on external and internal defects of potato tubers across five growing seasons (2008 – 2012) under irrigated conditions on sandy soils in Quebec, Canada. The treatments included an unfertilized control, and three N sources [ammonium nitrate (AN), ammonium sulphate (AS) and polymer-coated urea (PCU)] applied at four rates (60, 120, 200 and 280 kg N ha). The PCU was applied 100% at planting and the AN and AS were applied 40% at planting and 60% at hilling. Yield of misshapen tubers was greater and there was a lower incidence of rhizoctonia at higher N rates. Conversely, common scab and brown spot were more prevalent at higher N rates. Yield of misshapen tubers and the presence of hollow heart were greater for AN and PCU than AS. There was also a greater occurrence of common scab for PCU as compared to AN and AS. Additionally, brown spot tended to be more prevalent when PCU was used. Our results suggest that while PCU may give similar potato tuber yields to AN and AS, there may be a slightly greater tendency for increased common scab when PCU is applied. Overall, this study showed that N fertilizer rate and source are important factors that can influence the occurrence of external and internal physiological disorders of potato tubers, and thus tuber marketability.
Improving visual speech synthesis using Decision Tree Models

Improving Visual Speech Synthesis using Decision Tree Models C.F. Rademan Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa. Thesis: MScEng (Elec) March 2016 Visual speech synthesis is essential for believable virtual character interaction. Traditionally, animation artists recreate the oral motions expected from speech utterances. In response, we present decision tree-based clustering techniques which are employed in automating visual speech animation. This is achieved using a small dataset of phoneticallyannotated audiovisual speech. Our work focuses on extending existing tree-based clustering algorithms by improving on the modelling of coarticulation effects. This is accomplished by capturing the motion of natural speech segments, referred to as dynamic visemes, and conserving their parameters during clustering and speech synthesis. Dynamic visemes are defined as the trajectories of oral features segmented by triphone boundaries. By applying simple search and concatenation criteria, our visual speech synthesis system uses decision trees to better predict which dynamic visemes to use. Experimentation guided all design decisions, suggesting which oral features were of greatest importance, identifying an appropriate dynamic viseme length and finding an effective interpolation method for conserving coarticulation. We evaluate the performance of our visual speech synthesis models by computing squared error differences between synthesised and measured feature trajectories. Perceptual tests also asked participants to compare virtual characters animated by model outputs. Both measured and perceptual tests show that our approaches lead to a clear improvement over a comparable baseline. Through our research, we intended on making speech synthesis more accessible. Therefore, the conversational agents are based on the freely available MakeHuman and Blender software components. The customised oral feature motion capture system is also easily reproduced and requires only consumer grade recording equipment. ii Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
A Secure tunnel technique using IPv 6 Transition over IPv 4 Channel

Web Protocol form 6 (IPv6) contains various peculiarities that make it appealing from a security outlook. It is dependable and simple to set up, with programmed design. Enormous, inadequately populated location spaces render it exceptionally impervious to pernicious outputs and ungracious to computerized, examining and spreading toward oneself worms and half breed threats.IPv6 is not a panacea for security, however, in light of the fact that few security issues get singularly from the IP layer in the system model. For instance, IPv6 does not secure against misconfigured servers, inadequately composed applications, or ineffectively secured locales. Furthermore, IPv6 and IPv6 transitional components present new, not generally comprehended, instruments and procedures that gatecrashers can use to secure unapproved movement from location. These IPv6-inferred endeavours are regularly fruitful even against existing The quick dispersion of the Internet and improvement of high velocity broadband systems have represented the issue of deficient IPv4 location space on the Internet. Also, this absence of location space has been aggravated by the advancement made toward a universal system society, in which different sorts of data hardware, versatile PCs, and electrical data apparatuses impart on the Internet. IPv6 was produced as an answer for this issue [1]. The IPv4 location structure is in light of a 32-bit address length. It can oversee around 4 billion locations, however can't be appointed to everybody living on the planet, which contains around 6.3 billion individuals. The cutting edge Internet Protocol, at first known as IP Next Generation (Ipng), and after that later as IPv6, has been created by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to supplant the current Internet Protocol (otherwise called IPv4). At the point when both IP adaptations are accessible and the clients of Internet need to associate with no limitations, a move component is needed. [1].
Material for “ Auto-Encoding Scene Graphs for Image Captioning ”

In Section 4.2 of the main paper, we show how to use GCN to compute three embeddings by given a sentence scene graph, and the operations of this GCN are listed in Table A. In Table A (1) to (3), the object label lo, relation label lr, and attribute label la are all one-hot vectors. And the word embedding matrix WΣS ∈ R1,000×10,102 is used to map these one-hot vectors into continuous vector representations in Table A (4) to (6). The second dimension of WΣS is the total number of object, relation, and attribute categories among all the sentence scene graphs. For gr, ga, go, and gs in Table A (7) to (9), all of them own the same structure with independent parameters: a fully-connected layer, followed by an ReLU. The notation gr (Din → Dout) denote that the input dimension is Din, and output dimension is Dout. A.2. Multi-modal Graph Convolutional Network
Josef Warkany (1902–1992)

Josef Warkany studied the environmental causes of birth defects [5] in the United States in the twentieth century. Warkany was one of the first researchers to show that factors in the environment could cause birth defects [5], and he helped to develop guidelines for the field of teratology [6], the study of birth defects [5]. Prior to Warkany’s work, scientists struggled to explain if or how environmental agents could cause birth defects [5]. Warkany demonstrated that a deficiency or excess of vitamin A in maternal nutrition could cause birth defects [5]. He also established that mercury in teething powders increased infant mortality rates. Warkany showed how substances outside the human body could adversely affect conception [7], growth, and development of the human fetus [8] in utero.
ACOUSTIC SCENE CLASSIFICATION WITH MISMATCHED RECORDING DEVICES

This technical report describes CP-JKU Student team’s approach for Task 1 - Subtask B of the DCASE 2019 challenge. In this context, we propose two loss functions for domain adaptation to learn invariant representations given time-aligned recordings. We show that these methods improve the classiﬁcation performance on our cross-validation, as well as performance on the Kaggle leader board, up to three percentage points compared to our baseline model. Our best scoring submission is an ensemble of eight classiﬁers
Regular Paper MC-TES : An E ffi cient Mobile Phone Based Context-Aware Tra ffi c State Estimation Framework

This paper proposes a notable mobile phone based context-aware traffic state estimation (MC-TES) framework whereby the essential issues of low and uncertain penetration rate are thoroughly resolved. A novel intelligent context-aware velocity-density inference circuit (ICIC) and a practical artificial neural network (ANN) based prediction approach are proposed. The ICIC model not only improves the traffic state estimation effectiveness but also minimizes the critical penetration rate required in the mobile phone based traffic state estimation (M-TES). The ANNbased prediction approach is considered as a complement of the ICIC in cases of an unacceptably low or unknown penetration rate. In addition, the difficulty in selecting the “right” traffic state estimation model, namely among the ICIC and the ANN, under the condition of an uncertain penetration rate is resolved. The experimental evaluations confirm the effectiveness, the feasibility as well as the robustness of the proposed approaches. As a result, this research contributes to accelerating the realization of mobile phone-based intelligent transportation systems (M-ITSs) or of the M-TES systems in specific.
Class Subset Selection for Partial Domain Adaptation

Domain adaptation is the task of transferring knowledge from a labeled source dataset to an unlabeled target dataset. Partial domain adaptation (PDA) investigates the scenarios in which the target label space is a subset of the source label space. The main purpose of the PDA is to identify the shared classes between the domains and promote learning transferable knowledge from these classes. Inspired by the idea of subset selection, we propose an adversarial PDA approach which aims to not only automatically select the most relevant subset of source domain classes but also ignore the samples that are less transferable across the domains. In the absence of target labels, the proposed approach is able to effectively learn domain-invariant feature representations, which in turn can facilitate and enhance the classification performance in the target domain. Empirical results on Office-31 and Office-Home datasets demonstrate the high potential of the proposed approach in addressing different partial domain adaptation tasks.
End-to-End Speech-Driven Realistic Facial Animation with Temporal GANs

Speech-driven facial animation is the process which uses speech signals to automatically synthesize a talking character. The majority of work in this domain creates a mapping from audio features to visual features. This often requires post-processing using computer graphics techniques to produce realistic albeit subject dependent results. We present a system for generating videos of a talking head, using a still image of a person and an audio clip containing speech, that does not rely on any handcrafted intermediate features. To the best of our knowledge, this is the ﬁrst method capable of generating subject independent realistic videos directly from raw audio. Our method can generate videos which have (a) lip movements that are in sync with the audio and (b) natural facial expressions such as blinks and eyebrow movements. We achieve this by us-ing a temporal GAN with 2 discriminators, which are capable of capturing different aspects of the video. The generated videos are evaluated based on their sharpness, reconstruction quality, and lip-reading accuracy. Finally, a user study is conducted, conﬁrming that temporal GANs lead to more natural sequences than a static GAN-based approach.
A Bimodal Navigation System for Pedestrians using Visual and Auditory Displays

A Bimodal Navigation System for Pedestrians using Visual and Auditory Displays Park Yeseul Interdisciplinary Program in Cognitive Science The Graduate School Seoul National University In this study, we designed and implemented a bimodal navigation system using visual and auditory display. The auditory display gives information about the orientation of a destination to users to enhance their spatial knowledge acquisition. The distinction of this system compared to existing ones is that it uses the moving sound source as the auditory display. To investigate the performance of human sound azimuthal localization using the moving sound source, we tested the sound localization on the horizontal plane using the moving sound source and the stationary one. The results showed that the performance with the moving sound source is more accurate and the difference of the accuracy between the moving sound source and the stationary one is statistically significant. We evaluated our system in a user study with four participants. Most users gave positive feedbacks on two main features of our system. They favored the auditory cues because it clearly indicated the orientation to the destination. The issue was front-back confusion that had been shown during sound localization. It has to be improved in future works.
MSc paper: Effective Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) Stakeholder Engagement in Scotland: Possibly Narrow, but Cannot be Shallow?; Daniel Gilbert, April 2014 Table of Contents

4 Development of the Outline of the Study . 4 4.1 UCG and Carbon . 4 4.2 Local Environmental Concerns . 5 4.3 Untried, Untested . 5 4.4 Benefits Sharing . 6
Development of Wireless Sensor Network Technology for Environmental Monitoring

This project is concerned with the application of wireless sensor network (WSN) technology to long-duration and large-scale environmental monitoring. The holy grail is a system that can be deployed and operated by domain specialists not engineers, but this remains some distance into the future. We present our views as to why this field has progressed less quickly than many envisaged it would over a decade ago. We use real examples taken from our own work in this field to illustrate the technological difficulties and challenges that are entailed in meeting end-user requirements for information gathering systems. Reliability and productivity are key concerns and influence the design choices for system hardware and software. We conclude with a discussion of long-term challenges for WSN technology in environmental monitoring and outline our vision of the future. Keywords— System integration, Collinearity, Simulation, Environmental sensing,Sensor networks
Natural Agglomeration

This paper considers the racetrack economic approach, where manufacturing activities are distributed continuously. We seek constant-access equilibria and show that smooth equilibrium distributions are always unstable for almost all transport cost functions, whereas agglomeration in 1 or 2 atomic cities is stable for any economic parameters given regular transport costs, such as linear transport costs.
LOSSES IN IRON PIECES. EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS

In the design of various electromagnetic equipments, an important role is that of iron losses that must be calculated as precisely as possible. The analysis of the author has shown that the computation of the iron losses using constant coefficients does not ensure, generally, I high accuracy. An approach to the separation of measured losses in the case of an alternating magnetization field is presented. In the case of a rotational magnetization field, the computation of iron losses cannot reach a high precision with the methods known at present since, in this case, the hysteresis loop that usually is obtained for the case of alternating magnetization is no more valid. For this reason it is necessary the experimental determination of the losses in the two cases: alternating magnetization and rotational magnetization. This task has been achieved using a model. In the paper the obtained results are given.