Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
H/ACA Small Ribonucleoproteins: Structural and Functional Comparison Between Archaea and Eukaryotes

During ribosome synthesis, ribosomal RNA is modified through the formation of many pseudouridines and methylations which contribute to ribosome function across all domains of life. In archaea and eukaryotes, pseudouridylation of rRNA is catalyzed by H/ACA small ribonucleoproteins (sRNPs) utilizing different H/ACA guide RNAs to identify target uridines for modification. H/ACA sRNPs are conserved in archaea and eukaryotes, as they share a common general architecture and function, but there are also several notable differences between archaeal and eukaryotic H/ACA sRNPs. Due to the higher protein stability in archaea, we have more information on the structure of archaeal H/ACA sRNPs compared to eukaryotic counterparts. However, based on the long history of yeast genetic and other cellular studies, the biological role of H/ACA sRNPs during ribosome biogenesis is better understood in eukaryotes than archaea. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the current knowledge on H/ACA sRNPs from archaea, in particular their structure and function, and relates it to our understanding of the roles of eukaryotic H/ACA sRNP during eukaryotic ribosome synthesis and beyond. Based on this comparison of our current insights into archaeal and eukaryotic H/ACA sRNPs, we discuss what role archaeal H/ACA sRNPs may play in the formation of ribosomes.
Segmenting Cruise Consumers by Motivation for an Emerging Market: A Case of China

After around four decades of fast growth, the cruise industry has become the most profitable and dynamic segment in the entire global leisure and tourism sector. Behind this growth is a significant shift in the profile of cruise consumers/passengers/tourists, with growth rates twice as fast as those of other types of tourists. China has become a strategic emerging market for the global cruise industry, quickly developing their cruise reception business and holding about 10% of the market share of global cruisers. In this paper, we examine and categorize various travel motivations of Chinese cruise tourists by means of a questionnaire via factor analysis, mean analysis, and K-cluster analysis. The results of the study indicate that Chinese cruise tourists are primarily encouraged to participate in cruise tourism by the motivational dimensions of family leisure/relaxation, natural and cultural exploration, bond/communication, social respect, tourism shopping, and cruise-promotion information sources. The strongest motivations for Chinese cruise tourists were found to be family leisure/relaxation and natural/cultural exploration. We identify four types of cruisers using the K-means cluster method. We find that for all cruiser demographics, leisure/relaxation is the most important motivational factor. Based on these results, we propose some specific solutions for expanding the customer pool in the Chinese cruise market.
Flipside of the Coin: Iron Deficiency and Colorectal Cancer

Iron deficiency, with or without anemia, is the most frequent hematological manifestation in individuals with cancer, and is especially common in patients with colorectal cancer. Iron is a vital micronutrient that plays an essential role in many biological functions, in the context of which it has been found to be intimately linked to cancer biology. To date, however, whereas a large number of studies have comprehensively investigated and reviewed the effects of excess iron on cancer initiation and progression, potential interrelations of iron deficiency with cancer have been largely neglected and are not well-defined. Emerging evidence indicates that reduced iron intake and low systemic iron levels are associated with the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer, suggesting that optimal iron intake must be carefully balanced to avoid both iron deficiency and iron excess. Since iron is vital in the maintenance of immunological functions, insufficient iron availability may enhance oncogenicity by impairing immunosurveillance for neoplastic changes and potentially altering the tumor immune microenvironment. Data from clinical studies support these concepts, showing that iron deficiency is associated with inferior outcomes and reduced response to therapy in patients with colorectal cancer. Here, we elucidate cancer-related effects of iron deficiency, examine preclinical and clinical evidence of its role in tumorigenesis, cancer progression and treatment response. and highlight the importance of adequate iron supplementation to limit these outcomes.
Elevated Calf Mortality and Long-Term Responses of Wild Bottlenose Dolphins to Extreme Climate Events: Impacts of Foraging Specialization and Provisioning

As demands for wildlife tourism increase, provisioning has become a popular means of providing up-close viewing to the public. At Monkey Mia, Shark Bay, Australia, up to five adult female Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) visit a 100 m stretch of beach daily to receive fish handouts. In 2011, a severe marine heatwave (MHW) devastated seagrass and fish populations in Shark Bay. Offspring survival declined precipitously among seagrass specialists (dolphins that forage disproportionately in seagrass habitat). As all provisioned dolphins at the site are seagrass specialists, we examined how provisioned and non-provisioned seagrass specialists responded to the MHW. Using 27 years of data we compare habitat use, home range size, calf mortality, and predation risk between provisioned and non-provisioned females and their offspring before and after the MHW. Our results show that provisioned females have extremely small home ranges compared to non-provisioned females, a pattern attributable to their efforts to remain near the site of fish handouts. However, weaned offspring (juveniles) born to provisioned females who are not provisioned themselves also had much smaller home ranges, suggesting a persistent maternal effect on their behavior. After the MHW, adult females increased their use of seagrass habitats, but not their home range size. Provisioned females had significantly lower calf mortality than non-provisioned females, a pattern most evident pre-MHW, and, in the first 5 years after the MHW (peri-MHW, 2011–2015), calf mortality did not significantly increase for either group. However, the ecosystem did not recover, and post-MHW (2016–2020), calf mortality was substantially higher, regardless of provisioning status. With few survivors, the impact of the MHW on juvenile mortality post-weaning is not known. However, over three decades, juvenile mortality among offspring of provisioned vs. non-provisioned females did not statistically differ. Thus, the survival benefits accrued to calves in the provisioned group likely cease after weaning. Finally, although shark attack rates on seagrass specialists did not change over time, elevated predation on calves cannot be ruled out as a cause of death post-MHW. We discuss our results as they relate to anthropogenic influences on dolphin behavioral plasticity and responses to extreme climate events.
Space Lower Bounds for Approximating Maximum Matching in the Edge Arrival Model

The bipartite matching problem in the online and streaming settings has received a lot of attention recently. The classical vertex arrival setting, for which the celebrated Karp, Vazirani and Vazirani (KVV) algorithm achieves a $1-1/e$ approximation, is rather well understood: the $1-1/e$ approximation is optimal in both the online and semi-streaming setting, where the algorithm is constrained to use $n\cdot \log^{O(1)} n$ space. The more challenging the edge arrival model has seen significant progress recently in the online algorithms literature. For the strictly online model (no preemption) approximations better than trivial factor $1/2$ have been ruled out [Gamlath et al'FOCS'19]. For the less restrictive online preemptive model a better than $\frac1{1+\ln 2}$-approximation [Epstein et al'STACS'12] and even a better than $(2-\sqrt{2})$-approximation[Huang et al'SODA'19] have been ruled out. The recent hardness results for online preemptive matching in the edge arrival model are based on the idea of stringing together multiple copies of a KVV hard instance using edge arrivals. In this paper, we show how to implement such constructions using ideas developed in the literature on Ruzsa-Szemer\'edi graphs. As a result, we show that any single pass streaming algorithm that approximates the maximum matching in a bipartite graph with $n$ vertices to a factor better than $\frac1{1+\ln 2}\approx 0.59$ requires $n^{1+\Omega(1/\log\log n)}\gg n \log^{O(1)} n$ space. This gives the first separation between the classical one sided vertex arrival setting and the edge arrival setting in the semi-streaming model.
Reversible metallo-supramolecular block copolymer micelles containing a soft core

An amphiphilic metallo-supramolecular poly(ethylene-co-butylene)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymer containing a bis(2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine)ruthenium(II) complex as a supramolecular connection between the two constituting blocks was used to prepare stable aqueous micelles. The micelles were characterized by dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy. Individual micelles were observed together with aggregates of micelles. Only the addition of a large excess of competitive ligand caused the cleavage of the very stable ruthenium complex. Schematic illustration of PEB70-[Ru]-PEO70 aqueous micelles in water and after the addition of a large excess of competitive ligand.
Novel Virulence Role of Pneumococcal NanA in Host Inflammation and Cell Death Through the Activation of Inflammasome and the Caspase Pathway

Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of most deadly Gram-positive bacterium that causes significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. Intense inflammation and cytotoxicity is a hallmark of invasive pneumococcal disease. Pneumococcal NanA has been shown to exaggerate the production of inflammatory cytokines via unmasking of inhibitory Siglec-5 from its sialyl cis-ligands. To further investigate the mechanistic role of NanA and Siglec-5 in pneumococccal diseases, we systemically analyzed genes and signaling pathways differentially regulated in macrophages infected with wild type and NanA-deficient pneumococcus. We found that NanA-mediated desialylation impairs the Siglec-5-TLR-2 interaction and reduces the recruitment of phosphatase SHP-1 to Siglec-5. This dysregulated crosstalk between TLR-2 and inhibitory Siglec-5 exaggerated multiple inflammatory and death signaling pathways and consequently caused excessive inflammation and cytotoxicity in the infected macrophage. Collectively, our results reveal a novel virulence role of NanA in pneumococcal pathogenesis and suggest that targeting NanA activity may ameliorate the pneumococcus-mediated inflammation and cytotoxicity in severe invasive pneumococcal diseases.
The Dynamic Interface Between the Bone Marrow Vascular Niche and Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Myeloid Malignancy

Hematopoietic stem cells interact with bone marrow niches, including highly specialized blood vessels. Recent studies have revealed the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of bone marrow endothelial cells. This has facilitated the analysis of the vascular microenvironment in steady state and malignant hematopoiesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the bone marrow microenvironment, focusing on refined analyses of the marrow vascular compartment performed in mouse studies. We also discuss the emerging role of the vascular niche in “inflamm-aging” and clonal hematopoiesis, and how the endothelial microenvironment influences, supports and interacts with hematopoietic cells in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes, as exemplar states of malignant myelopoiesis. Finally, we provide an overview of strategies for modulating these bidirectional interactions to therapeutic effect in myeloid malignancies.
Finding an Optimal Alphabet Ordering for Lyndon Factorization Is Hard

11 This work establishes several strong hardness results on the problem of ﬁnding an ordering on a 12 string’s alphabet that either minimizes or maximizes the number of factors in that string’s Lyndon 13 factorization. In doing so, we demonstrate that these ordering problems are suﬃciently complex 14 to model a wide variety of ordering constraint satisfaction problems (OCSPs). Based on this, we 15 prove that (i) the decision versions of both the minimization and maximization problems are NP-16 complete, (ii) for both the minimization and maximization problems there does not exist a constant 17 approximation algorithm running in polynomial time under the Unique Game Conjecture and (iii) 18 there does not exist an algorithm to solve the minimization problem in time poly ( | T | ) · 2 o ( σ log σ ) for 19 a string T over an alphabet of size σ under the Exponential Time Hypothesis (essentially the brute 20 force approach of trying every alphabet order is hard to improve signiﬁcantly). 21
Deposition of Organic Material by the Tip of a Scanning Force Microscope

In lithography the tip of a scanning force microscope (SFM) is used to scrape out a well-defined part of a surface. In contrast, we show that organic material can also be deposited on surfaces by a SFM tip. This was demonstrated by depositing aggregates of octadecanethiol onto mica. Deposition can occur immediately after contact between tip and surface or start from small, randomly placed spots that grow during scanning. The deposits are stable and irregular lateral shape but exhibit a homogeneous height of about 1.2±0.3 nm. Some factors that influence the formation, structure, and stability of the deposits are discussed
Well-defined biodegradable amphiphilic conetworks

A series of amphiphilic conetworks (APCNs) with well-defined molecular structures were prepared via a copper-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) of tetrakis(2-propynyloxymethyl)methane (TMOP), diazide end-functionalized triblock copolymers of poly(e-caprolactone) with poly(ethylene glycol) (N3-PCL-PEG-PCL-N3). The so-prepared APCNs exhibit unique properties of ordered nanophase separation of hydrophilic (HI) and hydrophobic (HO) phases, and a variable swelling capacity both in water and organic solvent. The morphology, surface properties and thermal behavior of the APCNs were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water contact angle (WCA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. The physical properties of APCNs depended on the ratio of HI–HO, which can be regulated via precise synthesis of N3-PCL-PEG-PCL-N3. The analysis of an in vitro cell viability assay suggests that the APCNs have excellent biocompatibility. The prepared APCNs are excellent carriers for controlled drug release. The hydrophilic choline theophyllinate and hydrophobic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were loaded into the APCNs simultaneously as model drugs to study the release from APCNs. The well-controlled drug release is attributable to the well-defined molecular structure and tunable HI/HO composition of the APCNs.
Photoemission and x-ray absorption study of MgC 1-x Ni 3

We investigated electronic structure of MgC_(1-x)Ni_3 with photoemission and x-ray absorption spectroscopy. Both results show that overall band structure is in reasonable agreement with band structure calculations including the existence of von Hove singularity (vHs)near E_F. However, we find that the sharp vHs peak theoretically predicted near the E_F is substantially suppressed. As for the Ni core level and absorption spectrum, there exist the satellites of Ni 2p which have a little larger energy separation and reduced intensity compared to the case of Ni-metal. These facts indicate that correlation effects among Ni 3d electrons may be important to understand various physical properties.
Perceived Stress and Its Impact on Health Behavior of Chinese Residents during the Epidemic of COVID-19: An Internet Survey

Background: The outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19) caused severe respiratory illnesses, which might be resulted from air-borne droplets or direct contact, posing a great threat to human life. Meanwhile, the epidemic might trigger excessive stresses and produce terrible impacts on mental health even health behaviors, especially of the vulnerable individuals. So this study paved the way for psychological interventions focused on vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 epidemic.Methods: An internet survey was conducted among 2,449 residents in 20 Provinces of China, collecting the data about the perceived stress, the cognition of COVID-19 and the health behaviors. SAS9.4 was used to analyze the relationship between health behaviors and perceived stress, and logistic regression was used to explore the influencing factors of health risk stress.Results: The perceived stress score was 22.25±7.2(total56), and the incidence of health risk stress was 39.89% (977/2449). Perceived stress increased, while the frequency of health behaviors decreased, such as washing hands and wearing masks. Age, cognition of susceptibility to COVID-19, life-threatening level, cognition of the importance of home isolation, and cognition of the difference between common cold and COVID-19 were positively related to the occurrence of health risk stress.Conclusions: A negative correlation was found between health behaviors and perceived stress.Therefore, it is of great significance to improve residents’ knowledge of the COVID-19, to provide good social support and psychological interventions for those how are experiencing health risk stress and to promote their health behaviors.
Larval dietary protein complexity affects regulation of muscle growth and expression

a, b* 6 7 a ICBAS – Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua 8 Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal 9 b CIMAR/CIIMAR – Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, 10 Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton 11 de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal 12 c CCMAR Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 13 8005-139 Faro, Portugal 14 d Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Universidad Pablo de Olavide Edificio 46 Ctra. de Utrera 15 km. 1, 41013-Sevilla, Spain 16 e Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Marine Genomics Research Group, Nord 17 University, 8049 Bodø, Norway 18 f SPAROS Lda, Área Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221 Olhão, Portugal 19 20 * Corresponding author: 21 Luisa M.P. Valente 22 Mailing address: CIIMAR, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General 23 Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal 24 E-mail address: lvalente@icbas.up. pt (L.M.P. Valente) 25 T: +351 223401800 / 25; F: +351 223390608 26 27
Identification and phylogenetic study of Arabis alpina L. from Kingdom Saudi Arabia

The purpose of the current study was to determine the phylogenetic relationships between the Arabis alpina L. growing naturally in Afro-Alpina Mountains at south western regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and its closely related species. A case study approach was applied to DNA barcode, secondary internal transcribed spacer (ITS2), chloroplast maturase-K (matK), ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbcL) for the identification and determination phylogenetic relationship. An analysis of barcode data was conducted using the basic local alignment search tool (BLAST), pairwise genetic distances and the maximum likelihood (ML) methods. The results showed the clear superiority of the nuclear ITS2 loci and chloroplast matK gene with a 100% success rate found for DNA amplification, sequencing, and 100% species resolution. A maximum likelihood ML tree of ITS2 and matK strongly supported the presence of variations between A. alpina of Saudi Arabia and specimens of A. alpina of different geographical origins. This study represented the first inspection to A. alpina in KSA, and is useful in species identification, conservation and evolutionary studies. More studies are needed to verify if the A. Alpina of the KSA can be considered a subspecies.
OUTCOMES AFTER ANGIOGRAPHY WITH SODIUM BICARBONATE AND ACETYLCYSTEINE

Both “Intravenous Sodium Bicarbonate” and “Oral Acetylcysteine” are extensively utilized in the cure of acute injury of kidney and accompanying contrary results after angiography deprived of any proof of their effectiveness. In this study we use the factorial design of 2-by-2 and casually assigned 5177 renal complications at high-risk stage patients, who also have scheduled for angiography while receiving 1.26% sodium bicarbonate through intravenous or sodium chloride 0.9% with five days oral placebo: from 5177 patients, 4993 were encompassed in the adapted objective to treat assessment. Death is the primary endpoint, dialysis requirement at 90 days; accordingly, acute kidney injury was our
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION AND INVISIBILITY STRATEGIES AND REDUCING/ TARGETING SOCIAL MEDIA VISIBILITY

This article begins with discussions about organizational communication, especially in the context of social media. Research in this field tends to emphasize “visibility” as the only desire of organizations in online environments. However, “strategies of invisibility” are also paths adopted by organizations in situations of risk or in the face of the apparent advance of guidelines that contradict the way they expect to be recognized. Our aim is to understand the strategies of organizations in situations requiring invisibility and reducing/targeting visibility on social media. The discussions refer to symbolic interactionism, which is the epistemic foundation of this research. On an empirical level, we conducted in-depth interviews with 17 professionals working in digital communication agencies. The results form a map of strategies for invisibility and reducing/targeting visibility, which indicates the professionalization and several consequences of these processes and resources. Our understanding is that such strategies need discussion in the light of notions of public interest, conformity, and ethics, as the prospect of concealment may represent the non-visibility of issues relevant to society that are losing emphasis, given the refinement of these processes and resources.
Effect of Different Cooling Regimens (Craniocerebral and Immersion Hypothermia, Surface Rhythmic Cold Exposures and Whole Body Cryostimulation) on Leukocyte Indices of Rat Blood

A comparative analysis of leukocyte populations in rat blood smears at the craniocerebral (CCH 32°C) and immersion (IH 27°C) hypothermia, superficial rhythmic cold exposures (RCEs 5°C) and whole body cryostimulation (WBC –120°C), as well as in 24 hrs post-effect revealed the leukocytosis (at IH and 24 hrs after CCH and IH), leukopenia (at CCH, RCEs and 24 hrs after WBC), lymphopenia, an increase in band and segmented cells (under all conditions except IH) and eosinophils (only at CCH and 24 hrs after WBC). Plasmatic cells (except WBC), polychromatophilic and immature cells (immediately and in 24 hrs after CCH and IH), cytoplasm ‘plasmatization’ in some leukocytes (24 hrs after CCH and IH) were observed. Leukocyte indices showed the immunoreactivity disorder, decreased allergization, activation of cell immunity, nonspecific cell protection and inflammation (under all conditions, except IH), as well as microphages (at WBC and 24 hrs after CCH and IH), an effector component of immunity (at CCH, RCEs and 24 hrs after WBC), immediatetype hypersensitivity responses (except at CCH and 24 hrs after WBC). The nuclear shift index was increased (except RCEs and WBC). The adaptation index was raised only at IH.