Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Milk production characteristics in Southern Brazil Características da produção de leite no Sul do Brasil

This paper aimed to describe milk production in Southern Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, and to identify factors that affect milk quality at this region. The average age of regional dairy farmers is 49, and 67.9% has not concluded elementary school. Dairy farming is carried out on properties with an average of 26.06 hectares and 8.4 lactating cows. Most of them (32.83%) yield 50 to 100 L/day. Among the properties, 13.21% yield up to 30 L/day, and only 1.89% produces over 500 milk liters a day. Average yield was 6.8 L/day. Regarding to milking procedure, 39.3% farmers milk manually the animals, only 14.2% performed pre-milking teat disinfection, and 53.9% uses a single cloth to dry all animal teats. For infrastructure, 52.8% milks animals in wooden cowsheds. We observed that the average somatic cell count (SCC) was within legal parameters, presenting negative correlation with milk production (r = -0.23) and lactose content (r = -0.39). However, the total bacterial count (TBC) was above legal parameters. Education level seems to interfere in management and milk quality, because the less educated groups are, the less adequate are infrastructure, management, and product quality. Data show that there is a lower quality milk production where poor management techniques are adopted and owner education level affects milk quality.
Energy Codes and the Landlord-Tenant Problem

This paper assesses whether commercial real estate participants are willing to pay apremium for an energy efficient building that has not received a green label. I utilizea unique dataset of detailed building-level observations and a spatial semiparametricmatching framework that exploits quasi-experimental state-by-year variation in the implementationof mandatory building energy codes, to estimate selling price and rentpremiums for a more stringent code. I find that buildings constructed under a morestringent energy code are associated with rent and selling price premiums of approximately2.7% and 10%, respectively, compared to buildings constructed just before thecode came into effect. When tenants pay directly for utilities, buildings constructedunder an energy code are associated with 5.7% higher rents. These premiums are consistentwith complete capitalization of estimated building-level savings, and thereforecast doubt on the existence of an energy efficiency gap resulting from adverse selectionbetween landlords and tenants in commercial buildings.
Analyze TCP Protocol Performance in Satellite Communications

This research is mainly about the influence of protocols on the performance of Satellite Communication. It is widely recognized that satellite communications are affected by some peculiar problems, which penalize heavily the performance and efficiency of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). In fact, wireless satellite channels are usually characterized by link-asymmetry and higher Round Trip Time and Bit Error Rate in comparison to wired links. It means that TCP, which was developed for wired channels, exhibits often poor performance in a satellite scenario (unfair bandwidth allocation, low throughput and long file-transfer delay). We have studied and compared many TCP variants recently proposed. In particular we have compared TCP-Reno standard implementation with TCP-SACK, TCP-Westwood, TCP-Vegas and TCP-Tibet. We tested the different protocols on a simulated satellite scenario, with the support of NS2, a well-know network simulator platform, annotating the advantages and drawbacks of various protocols in order to improve the transmission of IP data packets over satellite channels. Keywords : Satellite link, Performance analysis, TCP behaviors.
Social Democratic Parties ' March to the Middle in Western Europe Catchall or Catch and Release ? The Electoral Consequences of

Although the move to the center of many European Social Democratic parties in the 1990s was first rewarded with victories, these parties have since faced a remarkable electoral drought. What explains the seeming inability of these catchall parties to cast a wider but sustainable net for voters? Incorporating a temporal dimension helps explain when and why the broadening of party platforms fails and produces counterintuitive electoral outcomes. Our empirical study analyzes the votes of individuals in three European countries in the past three decades. The individual level allows us to track changes in parties’ voter structures, which are necessarily omitted from studies using aggregate vote shares. Our findings indicate that current analyses of the electoral effects of strategy shifts are misleading inasmuch as they fail to account for individual-level motivations for vote switching. Article at UNIV OF COLORADO LIBRARIES on September 8, 2013 cps.sagepub. com Downloaded from 792 Comparative Political Studies 46(7)
Assessing the Effect of Waiting Times on Restaurant Service Delivery in the Ho Municipality, Ghana

This study seeks to establish the effect of waiting times on restaurant service delivery in the Ho Municipality, Ghana. Specifically, to assess the wait time experienced and expected by customers during four different periods of the customer’s total time of engaging the restaurant services. A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted among 50 purposively customers of restaurant services. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were computed during the analysis of the data using both SPSS and Microsoft Excel. Results show that the average waiting time under all the sub sections measured exceeds the average waiting time customers actually want to do. This is not good for customers as they want a cut down on the amount of time spent waiting from the period of entering the restaurant to the point of exiting. It is confidently concluded that customers are not satisfied with the long waiting times spent in the restaurant. This could affect total satisfaction of the customers. Also, server behaviors are good with the personality traits of the servers being ranked highest followed by the job related attributes. Request related attributes were the least ranked. It was thus, recommended that management and employees should work hard at reducing the waiting times at each level of the service process since customers are dissatisfied with the excessive waiting times. Most customers would prefer not spending more than five minutes at each stage of the service process hence management should seriously consider activities that will help reduce the waiting time. Furthermore, management should equally put in place some measures that will prevent customers from feeling bored during the period of waiting.
Improving data retention and home range estimates by data-driven screening

Fast acquisition GPS technologies such as Fastloc GPS have been commonly used in recent years to study fine scale spatio-temporal ecology of marine vertebrates. While Fastloc GPS gives more accurate locations than earlier methods, it remains important to identify and remove locations with high error because some location fixes are much less accurate than others. Increasing the number of source satellites required for a valid fix is a simple filter method but it comes at the cost of great data loss. Using data sets acquired from loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta, we explored an alternative filtering approach, based on speed between successive locations, angles created by 3 consecutive locations, manufacturer's quality index, and number of satellites used for location calculation. The performance of the proposed filter method was evaluated by conducting terrestrial, mobile tests. When our filter method was used, the linear error (mean ± SD) of Fastloc GPS data decreased from 2645.5 ± 29458.2 m (n = 1328) to 47.1 ± 61.0 m (n = 1246), while retaining more than 94% of data. Our filter method also led to more accurate home range estimates than the simple filter method. Improvements in data retention and home range estimates will give more reliable information for marine spatial planning and habitat protection.
Cyclic AMP Signalling in Pancreatic Islets

Cyclic 3’5’AMP (cAMP) is an important physiological amplifier of glucose-induced insulin secretion by the pancreatic islet β-cell, where it is formed by the activity of adenylyl cyclases, which are stimulated by glucose, through elevation in intracellular calcium concentrations, and by the incretin hormones (GLP-1 and GIP). cAMP is rapidly degraded in the pancreatic islet β-cell by various cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes. Many steps involved in glucose-induced insulin secretion are modulated by cAMP, which is also important in regulating pancreatic islet β-cell differentiation, growth and survival. This chapter discusses the formation, destruction and actions of cAMP in the islets with particular emphasis on the β-cell.
ACTIVE INLET FLOW CONTROL TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION

This paper presents results from a joint Lockheed Martin/NASA Glenn effort to design and verify an ultra-compact, highly-survivable engine inlet subsonic duct based on the emerging technology of Active Inlet Flow Control (AIFC). In the AIFC concept, microscale actuation (~mm in size) is used in an approach denoted ‘secondary flow control’ to intelligently alter a serpentine duct’s inherent secondary flow characteristics with the goal of simultaneously improving the critical systemlevel performance metrics of total pressure recovery, spatial distortion, and RMS turbulence. In this approach, separation control is a secondary benefit, not a design requirement. The baseline concept for this study was a 4:1 aspect ratio ultra-compact (L/D=2.5) serpentine duct that fully obscured line-of-sight view of the engine face. At relevant flow conditions, this type of duct exhibits excessive pressure loss and distortion because of extreme wall curvature. Two sets of flow control effectors were designed with the intent of establishing high performance levels to the baseline duct. The first set used two arrays of 36 co-rotating microvane vortex generators (VGs); the second set used two arrays of 36 micro air-jet (microjet) VGs, which were designed to produce the same ‘vorticity signature’ as the microvanes. Optimization of the microvane array was accomplished using a Design of Experiments (DOE) methodology to guide selection of parameters used in multiple Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) flow solutions. A verification test conducted in the NASA Glenn W1B test facility indicated low pressure recovery and high distortion for the baseline duct without flow control. With microvane flow control, at a throat Mach number of 0.60, pressure recovery was increased 5%, and both spatial distortion and turbulence were decreased approximately 50%. Microjet effectors also provided significantly improved performance over the baseline configuration. Nomenclature
CODING AND ENCODING

The aim of this survey was to highlight the difficulties of coding and encoding in organic chemistry nomenclature among first year Diploma students of Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic, Bauchi, Nigeria. The study adopted convenience sampling method to draw 30 students who have just completed their senior secondary school programmes from various secondary schools in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Questionnaire was the major instrument for data collection while simple percentage was adopted for the analysis. The study revealed the fact that the organic chemistry was taught to the students towards the end of their chemistry course, thereby giving them little or no time to master the subject. Hence, it was recommended among others that organic chemistry should be introduced earlier preferably; about the second term of senior secondary school one to run concurrent with the inorganic aspect of chemistry.
Agency Costs, Net Worth, and Asset Prices

For the purpose of explaining both business cycles and asset returns, we examine a real business cycle (RBC) model with habit-augmented preferences and edogenous costs of adjusting the capital stock. Following the agency- cost models of Bernanke and Gertler (1989) and Carlstrom and Fuerst (1997), capital adjustment costs are aected by the level of entrepreneur's net worth such that an increase in net worth (following a positive productivity shock) lowers agency costs associated with external …nancing, and hence makes it easier to expand the capital stock. Along with the restricted labor supply, the model resolves the asset pricing puzzles of the consumption-based model in the sense that the implied stochastic discount factor (or pricing kernel) reaches the Hansen-Jagannathan (1991) volatility bound. Further, this improvement in the asset pricing dimension is achieved without reducing its business cycle performance such as output and consumption volatility. This is in a sharp contrast to the standard RBC model with the reduced-form adjustment cost technology where su¢ ciently low supply elasticity of capital (or persistently high capital adjustment costs) is required to generate the equity premium at the expense of low output volatility. Here, the capital supply is highly elastic under the plausible calibrations of the structural parameters aecting endogenous capital adjustment costs. The slugghish behavior of net worth, as a shifter of the capital supply curve, is the key mechanism by which capital adjustment is delayed, hampering consumption smoothing desired by households with habit persistence preferences. The agency-costs model reveals that a small curvature in the capital adjustment cost function, viewed as crucial for understanding the ‡uctuations in Tobin's q, can be also consistent with both the historical equity premium and the key business cycle facts.
Characterization of Unidentified Viruses from Florida

Public Health and clinical laboratories occasionally obtain viral isolates that cannot be typed by routine methods. Therefore, the sequence-independent, single primer amplification (SISPA) technique was adapted to rapidly identify and characterize viral isolates of unknown etiology. A panel of known (West Nile virus and St. Louis encephalitis virus) and unknown viral isolates (environmental samples collected in Florida) were used to develop and refine the SISPA technique. Selectivity for viral genomic sequences was obtained through enriching viral particles by centrifugation, removal of cellular debris by filtration and removal of host genomic material by benzonase application. The SISPA method successfully amplified the panel of known viruses and a previously unknown environmental viral isolate. The previously unknown environmental viral isolate was determined to be closely related, if not identical, to Flanders virus, a member of Rhabdoviradae. A Flanders virus specific RT-PCR assay identified a total of five previously unknown environmental viral isolates as Flanders virus. Unidentified viral isolates were obtained during arbovirus surveillance efforts in Florida, either from the Florida Department of Health program (BOL-Tampa) during 2005 – 2009, or collected during an ongoing project at the University of vi South Florida studying the ecology of arthropod-borne encephalitis viruses at sites located in Florida. In a concurrent study, SISPA was successfully used to characterize an unidentifiable virus isolate related to members of the Bunyaviradae family which was designated as Infirmatus virus. Natural mosquito population (10,557 mosquitoes) collected in Florida was screened for Flanders virus and members of Bunyaviradae to determine infection prevalence. Although Flanders virus was not detected in this population, Infirmatus virus was identified in 14 mosquito pools with the highest infection prevalence in Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. The SISPA technique was successful for the genetic identification of unknown viral isolates and application of this method to samples with suspected or unidentified viral etiologies may be used to enhance public health surveillance of emerging or re-emerging viruses in Florida.
Lifestyle Intervention Improved Nutritional Knowledge, Dietary Composition and Health Status of Midlife Malaysian Women

Lifestyle has been shown to exert a major impact on the quality of life and health in mid-life women coping with menopausal changes. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a lifestyle intervention package in improving nutri tional knowledge and composition , dietary habits and related health status in mid-life women. Between Nov 1999 to Oct 2001, 360 disease free women, non users of HRT, aged 45 years and above with intact uterus were recruited into the study. The women were randomised into three groups - I (control), II (lifestyle intervention) and III (lifestyle intervention with HRT) respectively. After 12 months, 85.6% completed the study. The lifestyle intervention pro gramme, well accepted by the participants , brought about an improved dietary composition, better eating habits, more exercise participation and increment in knowledge with concomitant improvement of the health status. The benefits observed were significant reduction in energy, fat and carbohydrate intake with increased intake of legumes; milk and cheese/yogurt; and reduction of tea and coffee. Body weight was reduced and more importantly preventing abdominal obesity in the intervention groups with HRT was more effective. Further adaptations of the dietary component with advice on obtaining micronutrients from local produce would contribute towards a more balanced diet in midlife women as dairy products were not popular and these women had low meat intake.
Connectivity Dynamics under Microscopic Parameters in Signalized Heterogeneous Traffic Flow for VANET

The issue of connectivity in Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is influenced by the diverse characteristics of traffic flow on the road. We have applied fluid dynamic model and captured the connectivity dynamics considering microscopic aspects in heterogeneous traffic flow in a signalized urban road environment. The applied model incorporates jamming density that take into account the effect of safety distance and vehicle front density on velocity. The variation in arriving ratio and safety distance between different types of vehicles creates impact on the connectivity dynamics. This density estimation provides more realistic data about road conditions and helps to gain improved connectivity conditions under different type of vehicles for vehicular ad- hoc network.
Internet Use and Addiction among Students in Malaysian Public Universities in East Malaysia: Some Empirical Evidence

Nowadays, the internet has become an essential part of daily life for most young adult. They mainly use it for education, information searching, entertainment , mail and social interaction purposes. However, extensive use of internet can lead to addiction. This paper presents some preliminary findings on internet use and addiction among Malaysian undergraduate students. A survey questionnaire was used to obtain data from 287 respondents who were business, information technology, and arts majors in four public universities in Sabah and Sarawak, East Malaysia. The findings revealed that facebooking/social networking was the most common internet activity among the respondents, whereas online shopping was the least common activity for them. The study also found that while the majority of the respondents spent a considerable amount of time on the internet, they did not qualify to be regarded as internet addicts. There was evidence of moderate gender effect in terms of internet addiction scores but not with regard to internet experience, frequency, and duration. On the whole, the findings are mixed, suggesting that internet use and addiction among Malaysian university students remains a topic worthy of further investigation.
Emotion Recognition from Facial Expressions using Images with Pose, Illumination and Age Variation for Human-Computer/Robot Interaction

A technique for emotion recognition from facial expressions in images with simultaneous pose, illumination and age variation in real time is proposed in this paper. The basic emotions considered are anger, disgust, happy, surprise, and neutral. Feature vectors that were formed from images from the CMU-MultiPIE database for pose and illumination were used for training the classifier. For real-time implementation, Raspberry Pi II was used, which can be placed on a robot to recognize emotions in interactive real-time applications. The proposed method includes face detection using Viola Jones Haar cascade, Active Shape Model (ASM) for feature extraction, and AdaBoost for classification in real- time. Performance of the proposed method was validated in real time by testing with subjects from different age groups expressing basic emotions with varying pose and illumination. 96% recognition accuracy at an average time of 120 ms was obtained. The results are encouraging, as the proposed method gives better accuracy with higher speed compared to existing methods from the literature. The major contribution and strength of the proposed method lie in marking suitable feature points on the face, its speed and invariance to pose, illumination and age in real time.
Research on the Sparse Representation for Gearbox Compound Fault Features Using Wavelet Bases

The research on gearbox fault diagnosis has been gaining increasing attention in recent years, especially on single fault diagnosis. In engineering practices, there is always more than one fault in the gearbox, which is demonstrated as compound fault. Hence, it is equally important for gearbox compound fault diagnosis. Both bearing and gear faults in the gearbox tend to result in different kinds of transient impulse responses in the captured signal and thus it is necessary to propose a potential approach for compound fault diagnosis. Sparse representation is one of the effective methods for feature extraction from strong background noise. Therefore, sparse representation under wavelet bases for compound fault features extraction is developed in this paper. With the proposed method, the different transient features of both bearing and gear can be separated and extracted. Both the simulated study and the practical application in the gearbox with compound fault verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A Changing Australian Population Demographic: The Role of Rural Nurses

The Australian population is ageing, a trend occurring globally in developed world nations [1]. This change in the population demographic has led to policy reform as a mechanism to stem the predicted increased demand on the health care system particularly for chronic disease management and palliative care [2-4]. Australia’s population is approximately 23 million and is concentrated in the major cities on the coastal fringe in each state and territory. Those who do not live in these cities reside in rural areas. Research demonstrates that rural Australians are disadvantaged and have inequitable access to a range of services including health care compared to city counterparts [1]. Ageing rural people are at increased risk of being further disadvantaged as the demand for available health care intensifies.