Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clomiphene citrate and its isomers can induce ovulation in laboratory mice

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Palaeoamyda messeliana nov. comb. (Testudines, Pan-Trionychidae) from the Eocene Messel Pit and Geiseltal localities, Germany, taxonomic and phylogenetic insights

Background Abundant pan-trionychid (soft-shell) turtles specimens have been found in Eocene sequences of central Europe, particularly from two localities in Germany, the Messel Pit (a UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site) and Geiseltal, traditionally attributed to Trionyx messelianus or Rafetoides austriacus. Over the last two decades new specimens of this taxon from these two localities have been discovered and fully prepared. However, they have remained unstudied, as well as their phylogenetic position inside Pan-Trionychidae is unknown. Results Five new specimens of Palaeoamyda messeliana nov. comb. from Messel Pit and Geiseltal localities are fully described here. A revised diagnosis for the species is also presented here, together with its inclusion in a phylogenetic analysis of Pan-Trionychidae that shows that this species is sister to the extant Amyda cartilaginea, one of the most abundant pan-trionychid (soft-shell) turtles from Asia, both members of the clade Chitrini. The specimens described in here are among the best and most complete fossil pan-trionychid skeletons so far known.
Evaluation study on asymmetrical facial expressions generation for Humanoid Robot

Human-Robot Interaction is one of the biggest challenges in Humanoid Robotics. Interaction can be carried out through different channels, as humans can communicate through complex languages, including the use of non-verbal communication. Specifically, facial expressions are important for conveying emotions and communication intentions. Several humanoid robots can already perform a certain set of expressions, but their capabilities are somewhat limited and as a result, interaction is not natural. One aspect that could help robots being perceived as real is asymmetry. That is why in this paper we perform an evaluation study of symmetrical and asymmetrical facial expressions of the humanoid robot KOBIAN-R These expressions are made by a generator based on relevant studies of facial anatomyand non-verbal communication and on the work of illustrators and cartoonists. Survey results confirmed the effectiveness of the generator and the importance of asymmetry. We conclude that using this system, robot communication capabilities improve, making possible the development of more advanced interaction in the future.
Mycophenolate mofetil in the treatment of uveitis in children

Background: Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is a new immunosuppressive agent that effectively controls the intraocular inflammation in adults. Purpose: To assess the efficacy of MMF in uveitis in children and to analyse the possible side effects. Participants and methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out on 17 children (32 eyes) with intraocular inflammation treated with MMF and followed up at the University Eye Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany, between 2000 and 2005. All children had chronic non-infectious uveitis and received MMF for at least 6 months. All patients were given steroids or other immunosuppressive agents before initiating treatment with MMF. Results: 17 children (10 boys and 7 girls) with a mean age of 8 (range 2–13) years at the onset of uveitis were examined. The average duration of follow-up after initiation of MMF was 3 (range 2–5) years. A steroid-sparing effect was achieved in 88% of the patients. The oral prednisolone was successfully discontinued in 41% children and reduced to a daily dose of ⩽5 mg in 47% of the children. 24% of the patients remained relapse-free during the treatment, but a reduction in the relapse rate was observed in all other patients except one. Visual acuity was increased or maintained in 13 children (76%). Mild side effects (headache, rash, gastrointestinal discomfort) occurred in 7 patients (41%) and were the cause of discontinuation of MMF in 1 patient. Conclusion: The results of our study are encouraging and suggest that MMF is an effective agent also in the treatment for uveitis in children, with marked steroid-sparing potential and an acceptable side effect profile.
Blood-borne biomarkers and bioindicators for linking exposure to health effects in environmental health science

ABSTRACT Environmental health science aims to link environmental pollution sources to adverse health outcomes to develop effective exposure intervention strategies that reduce long-term disease risks. Over the past few decades, the public health community recognized that health risk is driven by interaction between the human genome and external environment. Now that the human genetic code has been sequenced, establishing this “G × E” (gene–environment) interaction requires a similar effort to decode the human exposome, which is the accumulation of an individual’s environmental exposures and metabolic responses throughout the person’s lifetime. The exposome is composed of endogenous and exogenous chemicals, many of which are measurable as biomarkers in blood, breath, and urine. Exposure to pollutants is assessed by analyzing biofluids for the pollutant itself or its metabolic products. New methods are being developed to use a subset of biomarkers, termed bioindicators, to demonstrate biological changes indicative of future adverse health effects. Typically, environmental biomarkers are assessed using noninvasive (excreted) media, such as breath and urine. Blood is often avoided for biomonitoring due to practical reasons such as medical personnel, infectious waste, or clinical setting, despite the fact that blood represents the central compartment that interacts with every living cell and is the most relevant biofluid for certain applications and analyses. The aims of this study were to (1) review the current use of blood samples in environmental health research, (2) briefly contrast blood with other biological media, and (3) propose additional applications for blood analysis in human exposure research.
Identificación y control de Motores Síncronos de Imanes Permanentes.

Los Motores Sincronos de Imanes Permanentes son ampliamente utilizados en la industria para una gran variedad de aplicaciones. En este trabajo, se plantean tecnicas de control de posicion y control de velocidad sin encoder con el objetivo de ser embebidas en un microcontrolador. Todas las tecnicas utilizadas estan basadas en un modelo y se han incluido rutinas de identificacion de parametros, lo que permite la adaptabilidad de estas tecnicas a multiples proyectos.
Synaptonemal Complex Proteins of Budding Yeast Define Reciprocal Roles in MutSγ-Mediated Crossover Formation

During meiosis, crossover recombination creates attachments between homologous chromosomes that are essential for a precise reduction in chromosome ploidy. Many of the events that ultimately process DNA repair intermediates into crossovers during meiosis occur within the context of homologous chromosomes that are tightly aligned via a conserved structure called the synaptonemal complex (SC), but the functional relationship between SC and crossover recombination remains obscure. There exists a widespread correlation across organisms between the presence of SC proteins and successful crossing over, indicating that the SC or its building block components are procrossover factors . For example, budding yeast mutants missing the SC transverse filament component, Zip1, and mutant cells missing the Zip4 protein, which is required for the elaboration of SC, fail to form MutSγ-mediated crossovers. Here we report the reciprocal phenotype—an increase in MutSγ-mediated crossovers during meiosis—in budding yeast mutants devoid of the SC central element components Ecm11 or Gmc2, and in mutants expressing a version of Zip1 missing most of its N terminus. This novel phenotypic class of SC-deficient mutants demonstrates unequivocally that the tripartite SC structure is dispensable for MutSγ-mediated crossover recombination in budding yeast. The excess crossovers observed in SC central element-deficient mutants are Msh4, Zip1, and Zip4 dependent, clearly indicating the existence of two classes of SC proteins—a class with procrossover function(s) that are also necessary for SC assembly and a class that is not required for crossover formation but essential for SC assembly. The latter class directly or indirectly limits MutSγ-mediated crossovers along meiotic chromosomes. Our findings illustrate how reciprocal roles in crossover recombination can be simultaneously linked to the SC structure.
The effect of total body water on the relationship between alcohol consumption and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin.

BACKGROUND Clinicians agree that alcoholism commonly is overlooked in their patients, and that treating the symptoms without directing therapy to the underlying cause at best delays an inevitable decline in the patient's general health and well-being. The current analysis focused on carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), a promising biological marker of dangerous alcohol consumption. METHODS Included in our study were men (730) and women (613) from study sites in Canada, Brazil, and Japan. All subjects were participants in the WHO/ISBRA Study on State and Trait Markers of Alcoholism, who completed an extensive demographic, medical, and behavioral survey and provided blood samples for determination of CDT levels. ANOVA and chi2 test for equality were used to examine the effect of total body water (TBW) on the alcohol consumption/CDT relationship. To examine whether accounting for differences in TBW improved the diagnostic properties of CDT when used as a state marker for alcohol consumption, odds ratios were calculated for men and women separately. RESULTS Our results show that accounting for individual differences in TBW significantly influenced the alcohol consumption/CDT dose-response relationship. The effect of TBW was different for men compared with women. When we used a consumption cutoff value of 40 g/day and the CDTect recommended cutoffs (20 for men; 27 for women), adjusting for differences in TBW significantly increased diagnostic performance of CDT in men but not women. CONCLUSIONS The dependence of CDT measures on body water content needs to be taken into account to maximize the performance of CDT as an effective state marker of alcohol consumption in males.
Randomized controlled trials of continuing medical education: What makes them most effective?

Introduction: It is essential that professional standards of excellence are demonstrated in the continuing medical education (CME) curriculum and research. Methods: This review examines 20 randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies in CME and their effect on physician performance and/or patient health care outcomes. A systematic evaluation of the 20 RCT articles was performed. The investigators of the trials were interviewed using a standardized interview schedule. Citations form science and social science publications were compiled to obtain an unobtrusive measure of the influence of the trails. Results: Investigators were most often motivated to build on earlier research of others, their own earlier research, or a combination of others' earlier research and their own. The most effective educational strategies used multiple interventions, two‐way communications, printed and graphic materials in person, and locally respected health personnel as educators. Statistically significant findings more often related to physician performance than to patient health care outcomes. The most effective, studies were the ones in which the educational methods were cost effective, findings could be generalized to other physician groups, the studies were implemented elsewhere in multisite health care and health‐related programs and had the most citations. Investigators interviewed about their RCTs provided advice for future directions of CME curriculum development and research. Discussion: CME program directors should determine what physicians need to learn, should reach out to nonparticipating physicians, and should focus on relevant problem areas. These problem areas should be ones in which it is possible to make changes, particularly in patient health care outcomes.
Bubble column apparatus for gas-liquid heterogeneous chemistry studies.

A bubble column apparatus has been designed to conduct time-resolved gas-liquid interaction studies of interest in atmospheric chemistry. In the apparatus, a low pressure gas flow, carrying trace gas diluted in helium carrier gas, is `bubbled` through a flask containing 3.5 L of temperature-controlled liquid. The outlet gas flow is then sampled by a differentially pumped mass spectrometer. The position of the bubble injector, which determines the gas-liquid contact time, is computer controlled by means of a stepping motor. Modeling of the gas uptake and the validation of the apparatus performance are described. The apparatus in the present configuration can measure Henry`s law coefficients (H) for nonreactive species in the range 0.01-2.0 M/atm. For reactive species (reaction rate k) the apparatus measures Hk{sup $HLF} values in the range 0.08-100 (M/atm) s{sup -HLF}. 43 refs., 8 figs.
Pyrethroid and DDT cross‐resistance in Aedes aegypti is correlated with novel mutations in the voltage‐gated sodium channel gene

Samples of the dengue vector mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) were collected from 13 localities between 1995 and 1998. Two laboratory strains, Bora (French Polynesia) and AEAE, were both susceptible to DDT and permethrin; all other strains, except Larentuka (Indonesia) and Bouaké (Ivory Coast), contained individual fourth‐instar larvae resistant to permethrin. Ten strains were subjected to a range of biochemical assays. Many strains had elevated carboxylesterase activity compared to the Bora strain; this was particularly high in the Indonesian strains Salatiga and Semarang, and in the Guyane strain (Cayenne). Monooxygenase levels were increased in the Salatiga and Paea (Polynesia) strains, and reduced in the two Thai strains (Mae Kaza, Mae Kud) and the Larentuka strain. Glutathione S‐transferase activity was elevated in the Guyane strain. All other enzyme profiles were similar to the susceptible strain. The presence of both DDT and pyrethroid resistance in the Semarang, Belem (Brazil) and Long Hoa (Vietnam) strains suggested the presence of a knock‐down resistant (kdr)‐type resistance mechanism. Part of the S6 hydrophobic segment of domain II of the voltage‐gated sodium channel gene was obtained by RT‐PCR and sequenced from several insects from all 13 field strains. Four novel mutations were identified. Three strains contained identical amino acid substitutions at two positions, two strains shared a different substitution, and one strain was homozygous for a fourth alteration. The leucine to phenylalanine substitution that confers nerve insensitivity to pyrethroids in a range of other resistant insects was absent. Direct neurophysiological assays on individual larvae from three strains with these mutations demonstrated reduced nerve sensitivity to permethrin or lambda cyhalothrin inhibition compared to the susceptible strains.
O QUE CONSTITUI O SUJEITO QUE ESTÁ EM TODA A PARTE? OU O PROBLEMA DA IRREDUTIBILIDADE DA PLURALIDADE À UNIVERSALIDADE

Universal por estar no direito e particular por estar fora do direito, o “sujeito” objeto de referência neste trabalho é o “autista”. A escolha do direito determinou a escolha do sujeito. Esta escolha garantiu a definição do sistema social e do sistema jurídico. O sistema médico foi definido segundo o modo como os autistas se viam ou eram vistos no sistema social. O sistema de pensamento foi delimitado segundo tradições intelectuais que problematizam o “sujeito” de acordo com questões semelhantes àquelas formuladas pelos demais sistemas ou campos empíricos. Este esquema metodológico de investigação possui como objetivo reconhecer a existência de distintas perspectivas sob as quais o “sujeito” existe, se manifesta e é concebido por dentro dos sistemas e entre eles. Do ponto de visto teórico, o objetivo deste trabalho consiste em pensar uma hipótese teórica sobre o “sujeito do direito” com base no pressuposto segundo o qual o universal do direito não resulta da pluralidade do sujeito.
Stress-Induced Positive Charge in Hf-Based Gate Dielectrics: Impact on Device Performance and a Framework for the Defect

A Hf-based dielectric has been selected to replace SiON for CMOS technologies. When compared with SiON, Hf dielectrics can suffer from higher instability. Previous attentions were focused on electron trapping, and positive charging received less attention. The objective of this paper is to study the impact of positive charging on device performance and to provide a framework for the defect. Three components of threshold voltage instability Delta Vth are unambiguously identified for pMOSFETs, i.e., loop, loop-shift, and up-loop. The loop dominates Delta Vth at a relatively short time (< 1 s). After stressing for a longer time, the whole loop is shifted in the negative direction. Unlike the loop, the up-loop cannot readily be recharged after recovery. In addition to the generated interface states, three different types of positive charges are formed in the Hf-based stacks, i.e., cyclic positive charges (CPC), antineutralization positive charges (ANPC), and as-grown hole trapping (AHT). Each type of defect has its unique signatures and properties. CPC can repeatedly be charged and discharged by alternating the gate bias polarity. ANPC is more difficult to neutralize, whereas AHT is harder to charge. Both the generated interface states and the AHT saturate at longer stress time, but ANPC does not. ANPC reduces at higher measurement temperature, but CPC is insensitive to temperature. The relation between each type of defect and each component of Delta Vth is clarified.
Innate Immunity Contributes to Cochlear Adaptive Immune Responses

Inner ear immune responses mediated by antigen-specific processes are thought to contribute to hearing loss in humans. Systemic activation of innate immunity contributes to immune responses in the central nervous system. We hypothesized that activation of innate immunity can prime the inner ear for adaptive immune responses and exacerbate disease. Mice were systemically immunized with antigen. Three weeks after initial antigen exposure, the antigen was injected intrathecally coincident with systemic injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an activator of innate immunity. Responses were measured by quantifying the leukocyte infiltrate and cochlear IL-1β expression. LPS stimulation markedly amplified the adaptive immune response to exogenous antigen in the inner ear. These data indicate that the cochlea is activated by systemic events that stimulate innate immunity and when antigen is present in the inner ear, a robust cochlear adaptive response is generated. If true in humans, this implies that priming may be an important component in the development of immune-mediated hearing loss.
Heterogeneous Face Matching: NIR Images to VIS Images

Heterogeneous (cross spectral) face matching is very important in many of the security applications, especially at night time face recognition where query images are near infrared face images and gallery images are generally visible light images. At night time environment near infrared cameras are used for imaging and images can be captured at various distances as object is not at fix position. As distance increases the quality of face image get degrade and it becomes difficult to match the query near infrared face image with the gallery images. The aim of proposed work is to implement an efficient face matching technique that resolves the problem of cross distance together with cross spectral face matching. Learning based image restoration is an approach to deal with this problem. In this the face images at long distances are restored first and then restored face images are matched with VIS (database) images. The proposed work improves the face matching performance by normalizing near infrared and visible light face images using Difference of Gaussian filter and extracted HOG features for heterogeneous face matching.
A novel Si tunnel FET with 36mV/dec subthreshold slope based on junction depleted-modulation through striped gate configuration

In this paper, a novel junction depleted-modulation design to achieve equivalently abrupt tunnel junction of Si Tunnel FET (TFET) is proposed. By changing the gate layout configuration, the new Junction-modulated TFET can reliably and effectively achieve much steeper switching behavior and higher ON current without area penalty and special fabrication compared with traditional TFET. Further junction optimization by introducing the self-depleted doping pocket with much relaxed process requirements is also experimentally demonstrated based on the bulk Si substrate. With traditional Si CMOS-compatible process, the fabricated device shows a minimum substhreshold slope of 36mV/dec within one decade of drain current.