Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Urban development in Adana, Turkey, and its environmental consequences

Rapid urbanization without effective management results in natural sources and a substantial part of the urban population being placed at risk from man‐made environmental problems, which become increasingly serious. This paper examines the environmental problems of Adana, the sixth largest and most developed city in Turkey. Adana faced huge problems of water, soil and noise pollution, solid and liquid waste elimination and loss of fertile agricultural areas. Rapid economic development – industrialization, population growth and unplanned urbanization – were determined to be the main causes of these environmental problems. Some recommendations are also made for mitigating and managing these problems in the sustainable urban development perspective.
A Broadband Negative Index Metamaterial at Optical Frequencies

A broadband metamaterial presenting negative indices across hundreds of nanometers in the visible and near‐infrared spectral regimes is demonstrated theoretically, using transformation optics to design the metamaterial constituents. The approach begins with an infinite plasmonic waveguide that supports a broadband but dark (i.e, not easily optically accessed) negative index mode. Conformal mapping of this waveguide to a finite split‐ring‐resonator‐type structure transforms this mode into a bright (i.e, efficiently excited) resonance composed of degenerate electric and magnetic dipoles. A periodic array of such resonators exhibits negative refractive indices at optical frequencies in multiple regions exceeding 200 nm in bandwidth. The metamaterial response is confirmed through simulations of plane‐wave refraction through a metamaterial prism. These results illustrate the power of transformation optics for new metamaterial designs and provide a foundation for future broadband metamaterial devices.
Properties of polyelectrolyte complexes containing poly(N‐tert‐butylaziridine)

Interpolymer reactions between poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) or poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) and poly(N-tert-butylaziridine) (PTBA) were studied and compared with the corresponding reactions of these polyacids with linear polyethyleneimine (LPEI). In aqueous alkaline and salt media the presence of the bulky non-polar N-substituent in the main chain of PTBA results in a decrease of stability of polyacid-PTBA polyelectrolyte complexes. LPEI, which forms stronger salt bonds with PAA, substitutes PTBA in the PAA-PTBA polyelectrolyte complexes. Addition of simple salts to aqueous solutions of non-stoichiometric polyelectrolyte complexes (N-PEC) PAA-PTBA and PMAA-PTBA at room temperature causes a phase separation due to macromolecular exchange and disproportionation reactions. At elevated temperatures (T = 40 - 60 °C), however, the macromolecular exchange between different N-PEC particles does not occur and phase separation in aqueous salt solution of the N-PEC's PAA-PTBA, PMAA-PTBA is not observed. This is attributed to hydrophobic interactions in polyacid-PTBA complexes due to the presence of the tert-butyl groups in the latter.
On the discovery of new low temperature monoclinic phases with Cm and Cc space groups in Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3: an overview

Abstract The decades old phase diagram of the technologically important Pb(ZrxTi1–x)O3 (PZT) ceramics in the vicinity of the morphotropic phase boundary has been under review during the last few years. This article summarises the results of the discoveries of two new mono clinic phases (FMHT) and (FMLT) with Cm and Cc space group by the Brookhaven group and our group, respectively, in the PZT ceramics.
ORMOCER®S – Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Materials for e/o-Interconnection-Technology

Abstract Hybrid inorganic-organic polymers (ORMOCER®s) have been developed and tested for evaluation in optical and electrical interconnection technology. The photopatternable materials with negative resist behaviour are composed of inorganic oxidic structures cross-linked or substituted by organic groups. They are prepared from organosilane precursors by sol-gel-processing in combination with organic crosslinking of polymerizable organic functions. As a result of these functionalities the properties of the ORMOCER®s can be adjusted to particular applications. Systematic variation of composition combined with adaptation to micro system technology allows great flexibility in processing. The main features of these materials are: • Combined use as dielectric and passivation layers in electrical systems and devices as well as core and cladding for optical applications enables e/o applications with high integration levels. • Postbaking at moderate temperatures (120°C – 170°C) enables processing on low-cost substrates such as FR-4 and BT. • Easily adaptable to thin film technology: spin-on with planarisation >90% and via diameters down to 20μm have been achieved.
Availability of Selected (Pollutant) Elements and their Influence on Soil Composition in Urban Area

Interest in growing fruits and vegetables in private gardens is rising due to nowadays ecological awareness. Avoiding artificial fertilizers and plant protection products does not guarantee the absence of toxic substances, especially heavy metals in the soil and thus in the fruits harvested. Due to either geological bedrock weathering or environmental pollution, garden soils may be rich in certain potentially toxic elements. In the present study ten garden soils from central Croatia have been analysed by the BCR method for the contents and bioavailability of aluminium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, nickel and zinc. The total amounts of the elements are in the concentration range as reported for agricultural soils in different geographical regions. Only two soils of the capital Zagreb have higher concentrations of pollutant metals, such as chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese and zinc. Regarding nutrients, all soils have met the needs of common garden plants.
First-principles exchange interactions in Fe, Ni, and Co

Using a multiple-scattering approach and the local-density and rigid-spin approximations, the exchange interactions are calculated for Fe, Ni, and Co, and the spin-wave spectrum obtained. The interactions contributing to the spin-wave spectrum are found to be rather long-ranged. The exchange parameters are calculated as a function of band filling, and predict transition to antiferromagnetic behavior for electron-deficient alloys of bcc Fe and fcc Co.
Continuous Extrusion Using a Raker Perkins MP50 (Multipurpose) Extruder

The Baker Perkins MP50 mixer/extruder has been used to produce paracetamol extrudates with a high drug loading. The extrudate had a high incidence of defects (ie surface roughness and shark skinning). Addition of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose to the basic formula (of paracetamol/avicel/lactose) improved extrudability but did not significantly influence extrudate quality. The mixer/extruder offers significant advantages by reducing the number of pieces of equipment required for extrudate manufacture, but further formulation work or equipment modification is required for the formulations examined to extrude satisfactorily.
A Study of the Kinetic Interactions of Complex Metal Ion - Humic and Magnetite Ternary Systems

The sorption of humic acid (HA) and HA size fractions onto magnetite has been studied. There is considerable irreversibility in the interaction of the humic with the magnetite surface, but the presence of Eu3+ ions has no effect on the sorption of humic onto magnetite. The magnitude of the sorption to magnetite increases with HA fraction size for all ionic strengths between 0.01 and 3 mol dm-3. Increasing ionic strength also increases sorption. Asymmetric Flow Field Flow Fractionation analysis of HA sorption to magnetite after 1 day revealed preferential sorption of lower molecular weight material. Eu3+ sorption onto magnetite was studied as a function of Eu concentration, which showed an increase in relative sorption as Eu concentration decreased. The behaviour of Eu3+ in ternary (HA/Eu3+/magnetite) systems is heavily influenced by HA, and from the data there is direct evidence for ternary complex formation. Larger HA size fractions retain more Eu3+ in solution than the smaller fractions. The binding strengths of HA size fractions were determined through ion exchange resin experiments: generally the larger fractions (> 10 kDa) showed stronger binding than the smaller components, but the unfractionated sample showed the strongest binding.First order dissociation rate constants have been determined for the whole HA and HA size fractions. The dissociation rate constants are independent of HA fraction size, but the larger species bind more Eu non-exchangeably. Time series ultrafiltration of Eu3+/whole humic mixtures has shown a shift in the distribution of metal ions to larger size fractions after a few days.Two ternary system kinetic speciation models have been developed to predict the behaviour of HA and Eu3+ in ternary systems. The two differ in their description of the multi-component behaviour of the binary HA-mineral interaction. The first assumes a single HA species and two surface binding sites and was found to perform better overall than the second, which has a single surface sorption site and two HA species in solution. The exchangeable binding strengths for the different HA samples calculated from both models showed similarities to those measured experimentally.
Modelling Short‐Scale Variability and Uncertainty During Mineral Resource Estimation Using a Novel Fuzzy Estimation Technique

For mineral resource assessment, techniques based on fuzzy logic are attractive because they are capable of incorporating uncertainty associated with measured variables and can also quantify the uncertainty of the estimated grade, tonnage etc. The fuzzy grade estimation model is independent of the distribution of data, avoiding assumptions and constraints made during advanced geostatistical simulation, e.g., the turning bands method. Initially, fuzzy modelling classifies the data using all the component variables in the data set. We adopt a novel approach by taking into account the spatial irregularity of mineralisation patterns using the Gustafson–Kessel classification algorithm. The uncertainty at the point of estimation was derived through antecedent memberships in the input space (i.e., spatial coordinates) and transformed onto the output space (i.e., grades) through consequent membership at the point of estimation. Rather than probabilistic confidence intervals, this uncertainty was expressed in terms of fuzzy memberships, which indicated the occurrence of mixtures of different mineralogical phases at the point of estimation. Data from different sources (other than grades) could also be utilised during estimation. Application of the proposed technique on a real data set gave results that were comparable to those obtained from a turning bands simulation.
Analysis of semi-empirical interatomic potentials appropriate for simulation of crystalline and liquid Al and Cu

We investigate the application of embedded atom method (EAM) interatomic potentials in the study of crystallization kinetics from deeply undercooled melts, focusing on the fcc metals Al and Cu. For this application, it is important that the EAM potential accurately reproduces melting properties and liquid structure, in addition to the crystalline properties most commonly fit in its development. To test the accuracy of previously published EAM potentials and to guide the development of new potential in this work, first-principles calculations have been performed and new experimental measurements of the Al and Cu liquid structure factors have been undertaken by X-ray diffraction. We demonstrate that the previously published EAM potentials predict a liquid structure that is too strongly ordered relative to measured diffraction data. We develop new EAM potentials for Al and Cu to improve the agreement with the first-principles and measured liquid diffraction data. Furthermore, we calculate liquid-phase diffusivities and find that this quantity correlates well with the liquid structure. Finally, we perform molecular dynamics simulations of crystal nucleation from the melt during quenching at constant cooling rate. We find that EAM potentials, which predict the same zero-temperature crystal properties but different liquid structures, can lead to quite different crystallization kinetics. More interestingly, we find that two potentials predicting very similar equilibrium solid and liquid properties can still produce very different crystallization kinetics under far-from-equilibrium conditions characteristic of the rapid quenching simulations employed here.
Synthetic non-woven fabrics & sand vertical filtration columns as a slow filtration pre-treatment system

Slow sand filtration is an efficient water treatment technique used for treating surface water with relatively low levels of contamination. Despite the slow sand filtration at pathogen, algae and cyanobacteria removal efficiency, it has some restrictions in relation to the required area for slow filters, and the cleaning activities for the filters and the stone pre-filters when used in the treatment. This research evaluated during 120 days the use of non woven & sand pre-filtration columns as part of a slow filtration process for the apparent color, turbidity, algae, cyanobacteria, phytoflagellates and diatomaceous. The columns shown an efficient removal of the monitored parameters and demonstrated as a vantage their faster and easier cleaning process and less awkward than the required to the stone pre-filters. The turbidity removal efficiency increased progressively during the experiment, especially after the first 35 days of the start; the apparent color removal by the pre-filtration columns was of 85%, and working together with the polishing of activated carbon columns was up to 95; the diatomaceous, phytoflagellates, algae and cyanobacteria re
Methylation of C60 Using the Modified Hot Filament Chemical Vapour Deposition Method

The methylation of C60 was performed via a gas‐phase reaction in a CH4/H2 atmosphere using a modified hot filament chemical vapour deposition (HFCVD) method. Pressures were varied from 20–45 torr, substrate temperatures set at 690°C and reaction times up to 15 minutes. High‐resolution matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionisation (MALDI) mass spectrometry was used to determine the synthetic route of the methylated products through accurate mass measurements. The analysis established the production of C60H18‐2n(H,CH3)n (n = 1–3). Collision‐induced dissociation experiments confirmed a maximum of 18 ligands possible to the C60 cage. The formation of carbon spheres with diameters up to 25 µm on the surface of the tungsten filament subsequent to HFCVD is also reported.
Sorption and Diffusion of Substituted Aromatic Organic Penetrants into Carboxylic Acid-Based Chain Extended Polyurethane Membranes

3-Carboxy-3-hydroxy pentanedioic acid (otherwise known as citric acid, CA) and (Z)-butenedioic acid (otherwise known as maleic acid, MA) based chain extended polyurethane (CEPU) membranes have been prepared using castor oil and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). The molecular transport of a series of organic probe molecules through CEPU membranes had been studied in the temperature range (298 to 333) K using the sorption-gravimetric method. The coefficients of sorption S, diffusion D, and permeation P have been calculated for CEPU-aromatic penetrants. The sorption and diffusion results measured at different temperatures, namely, (298 to 333) K, are found to follow Ficks Law. The transport data are affected by the nature of the interacting probe molecule rather than its size and also by the structural variations of the polymer membrane. It was found that the penetrant of the comparable solubility parameter with CEPU interact more and thus there is an increase in sorption. In all of the liquid penetrants, th.
Degreening and cold storage of 'Murcott' tangor as function concentration and exposure time to ethylene.

Degreening treatment has been applied in traditional countries exporters and consumers of fresh citrus to improve rind color of fruit cultivated in regions that no shown low temperature during maturation. In Brazil, this technique is performed empirically, without control of application conditions and fruit shown low extern quality. This study was carried out with the objective to determinate conditions to the technique of postharvest degreening of ‘Murcott’ orange, involving the application of exogenous ethylene. The concentrations 5 and 10 mL L-1 of ethylene was applied inside the chamber for 96 and 120 hours at 25oC and 90% RH. After treatments fruit were stored at 5°C during for 30 days, and after that, plus 3 days at 25oC. Fruit were evaluated in four periods: after harvest; after degreening treatment, after cold storage and after 3 days at 25°C (simulated marketing). The variable analyzed were: skin color, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), ratio (SS/TA), ascorbic acid, percentage of juice, chlorophyll and carotenoids content, chlorophyllase activity, respiratory rate and ethylene production. The treatments did not affect the soluble solids, titratable acidity, ratio, percentage of juice and ascorbic acid content. Fruit treated with ethylene showed increase of color index concomitant by higher c hlorophyllase activity and lower chlorophyll content. There were no differences in the carotenoids content in the periods evaluated. Fruit treated with ethylene at both concentrations had higher ethylene production, whereas the dose of 10 mL L-1 favored the incidence of decay. Ethylene 5 mL L-1 for 96 hours is enough to trigger the process of degreening ‘ Murcott’ tangor and can be used to improve skin color of this cultivar.
Implication des effluents d'activités hospitalières et de la filière carnée sur la dissémination de l’antibiorésistance : Dynamique des intégrons de l’émission au rejet

Ce travail a permis d’evaluer la contribution et l’influence des activites hospitalieres et d’elevage sur la dissemination de l’antibioresistance dans l’environnement, au travers du suivi de la dynamique d’elements genetiques utilises comme biomarqueurs de l’antibioresistance : les integrons de resistance (IR). Ainsi, de nombreux residus biologiques solides et liquides d’origines anthropiques et geographiques diverses peuvent participer a la dissemination de l’antibioresistance. Les effluents hospitaliers presentent des proportions plus elevees d’IR, et contribuent a l’apport de 14% des IR arrivant dans les stations d’epuration municipales, neanmoins les effluents urbains representent la fraction majoritaire. La caracterisation des cassettes de genes de resistance hebergees par ces IR, a mis a jour des genes de resistance bien specifiques dans les effluents hospitaliers, alors que les effluents urbains participent a l’apport d’une plus grande diversite de genes dont des genes codant pour des resistances multiples (BLSE). Les procedes de traitement actuels eliminent une fraction des IR mais n’empechent pas des IR d’origine anthropique de rejoindre l’environnement. De plus, une etude pilote a revele que le traitement des effluents hospitaliers par ces procedes a boues activees induit une augmentation des IR et de bacteries potentiellement pathogenes au sein des boues d’epuration, soulevant la problematique de la dissemination de l’antibioresistance au sein de ces matrices. Finalement la mise en exergue de ce biomarqueur pour evaluer des procedes de traitement avances des effluents hospitaliers (bioreacteur membranaires, ozonation, charbon actif), a montre l’efficacite des bioreacteurs membranaires par ultrafiltration pour reduire a la fois les bacteries et les IR d’origine anthropique.
Size control of polypyrrole particles

Size control of polypyrrole particles prepared by chemical polymerization was achieved by varying the concentration of the oxidant in the presence of poly(styrenesulfonate). At higher concentrations, smaller polypyrrole particles are formed. Poly(styrenesulfonate) functions as a molecular template, causing local preconcentration of both pyrrole and Fe3+. These increased local concentrations result in faster nucleation and polymerization, which favors the formation of small particles. Average particle sizes ranging from ca. 40 nm to 1 μm have been obtained.
ANALISIS KEPUTUSAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP PEMBELIAN JERUK KINTAMANI DI KOTA DENPASAR

The objectives of this research were to analyze the factor which influence of consumer decision to buy Kintamani orange. This research were using a factor analyze by using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 25.0. The data obtained from the questionnaire which spread to the consumer of Kintamani orange. The results show that there are 24 variable divided into 5 factor which influence of consumer decision to buy Kintamani orange. The five factors are characteristic of orange corresponding to the price and competitor, benefit and quality corresponding to the price and product category, the origin of orange corresponding to benefit and consumer perception, the category of orange consumen, and the orange resistance. The factor that the most influence of consumer decision to buy Kintamani orange is taste (The taste of Kintamani orange is a mixture of sweet and sour). The research proposed are to an information to people about Kintamani orange, and an information to the orange farmer and seller of Kintamani orange about the the factor and the main factor that influence consumer to buy Kintamani orange and the special benefit is as a reference knowledge to academic student. Keywords: kintamani orange, factor analyze, consumer decision, strategy proposed
Modelling electricity storage systems management under the influence of demand‐side management programmes

Electricity storage systems (ESS) for bulk energy storage are principally used for load levelling purposes or for relieving the intermittency of renewables. Another use is electricity arbitrage through the rule of ‘buy low, sell high’. This operation tracks the market‐clearing price (MCP) profiles and produces profit by exploiting the differences between peak and off‐peak prices. The profits made in this way depend on technology characteristics and the market competition level. We investigate the influence of demand‐side management (DSM) on ESS profitability when the only income is from provision of electricity arbitrage services, by optimizing the time allocation of the charge and discharge operations. Two scenarios of DSM in the market have been selected for two management periods (MP): 1 day and 3 days. The longer MP is examined in order to investigate the potential for higher economic value when energy transfer to the next day is permitted. The key finding is that a very small load shifting from peaks to off‐peaks, due to DSM, significantly affects the ESS profit. The significant profit losses the ESS showed are a result of the high capital costs and the small difference of the peak and off‐peak electricity prices in the Greek market. Therefore, under the assumptions we have made for this research, any attempt to use ESS in ‘buy low, sell high’ operation is not profitable. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.