Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence for Iron-Dependent Nitrate Respiration in the Dissimilatory Iron-Reducing Bacterium Geobacter metallireducens

ABSTRACT The dissimilatory iron-reducing bacterium Geobacter metallireducens was found to require iron at a concentration in excess of 50 μM for continuous cultivation on nitrate. Growth yield (∼3-fold), cytochrome c content (∼7-fold), and nitrate (∼4.5-fold) and nitrite (∼70-fold) reductase activities were all increased significantly when the growth medium was amended with 500 μM iron.
Structure-activity relationships of anthracyclines relative to cytotoxicity and effects on macromolecular synthesis in L1210 leukemia cells.

The effects of 92 anthracycline compounds on the growth and DNA, RNA and protein synthesis of L1210 leukemia cells were studied in relationships to their structures and antitumor activity. The following structure-activity relationships were observed: 1) The hydroxyl groups at C-1, C-2, C-4, C-6 and C-11 on aglycones have significant relationships to the in vitro potency. Compounds lacking the hydroxyl group at C-6 (an anthracycline containing α2-rhodomycinone) or containing the methoxyl group at C-6 (6-O-methylaclacinomycin A) are lower in their cytotoxicity and RNA and DNA synthesis-inhibiting activity than those containing the C-6 hydroxyl group. The hydroxyl group at C-2 did not influence the in vitro potency, but the hydroxyl group at C-1 and/or C-11 enhanced the potency. The activity which prolongs the life span of L1210-bearing mice was decreased by an hydroxyl group at C-1 or C-11, although the effective doses were lowered. In compounds which are different at C-4, in vitro potency increased in the following series: deoxy>hydroxy>methoxy. 2) The side chain at C-9 in aklavinone- and daunomycinone-glycosides produced slight influence on cytotoxicity and on the activity which inhibits RNA and DNA synthesis in intact cells. Ethyl, isopropyl and acetonyl derivatives at C-9 had an equal potency. The methyl derivative had the least activity. 3) A 10-carbomethoxy group in the S-configuration decreased the inhibitory activity on RNA synthesis. The removal of this group at C-10 resulted in a marked reduction in cytotoxicity and in the activity which inhibits nucleic acid synthesis. 4) The amino function either on the aglycone or on the sugar moiety was essential for in vitro activity. Compounds having an alkylamino group at C-3' were more potent in vitro than those with a primary amino group, although these groups produced different effects in in vivo activity, depending on each anthracycline. 5) Disaccharides and trisaccharides were more potent in vitro than monosaccharides. This was reflected in the ratios for the IC50 values of DNA and RNA synthesis. The ratio of the concentration to inhibit DNA synthesis to that for RNA synthesis was 1-4 in monosaccharides (group I), while in trisaccharides (group II). the ratio was 7-10. In disaccharides the ratio was 5-6. The length of the sugar chain did not correlate with in vivo antitumor activity.
Non-Linear Semi-Quantum Hamiltonians and Its Associated Lie Algebras

We show that the non-linear semi-quantum Hamiltonians which may be expressed as(whereis the set of generators of some Lie algebra and are the classical conjugated canonical variables) always close a partial semi Lie algebra under commutation and, because of this, it is always possible to integrate the mean values of the quantum degrees of freedom of the semi-quantum non-linear system in the fashion:(whereis the Maximum Entropy Principle density operator) and, so, these kind of Hamiltonians always have associated dynamic invariants which are expressed in terms of the quantum degrees of freedom’s mean values. Those invariants are useful to characterize the kind of dynamics (regular or irregular) the system displays given that they can be fixed by means of the initial conditions imposed on the semi-quantum non-linear system.
DIABETIC CARDIOMYOPATHY The central basis for diabetic heart failure is coronary disease associated with atherosclerosis

An, Ding, and Brian Rodrigues. Role of changes in cardiac metabolism in development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 291: H1489– H1506, 2006. First published June 2, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00278. 2006. —In patients with diabetes, an increased risk of symptomatic heart failure usually develops in the presence of hypertension or ischemic heart disease. However, a predisposition to heart failure might also reflect the effects of underlying abnormalities in diastolic function that can occur in asymptomatic patients with diabetes alone (termed diabetic cardiomyopathy). Evidence of cardiomyopathy has also been demonstrated in animal models of both Type 1 (streptozotocin-induced diabetes) and Type 2 diabetes (Zucker diabetic fatty rats and ob/ob or db/db mice). During insulin resistance or diabetes, the heart rapidly modifies its energy metabolism, resulting in augmented fatty acid and decreased glucose consumption. Accumulating evidence suggests that this alteration of cardiac metabolism plays an important role in the development of cardiomyopathy. Hence, a better understanding of this dysregulation in cardiac substrate utilization during insulin resistance and diabetes could provide information as to potential targets for the treatment of cardiomyopathy. This review is focused on evaluating the acute and chronic regulation and dysregulation of cardiac metabolism in normal and insulinresistant/diabetic hearts and how these changes could contribute toward the development of cardiomyopathy.
Superoxide Anion Production and Expression of gp91phox and p47phox Are Increased in Glomeruli and Proximal Tubules of Cisplatin‐Treated Rats

The chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin has some side effects including nephrotoxicity that has been associated with reactive oxygen species production, particularly superoxide anion. The major source of superoxide anion is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NADPH) oxidase. However, the specific segment of the nephron in which superoxide anion is produced has not been identified. Rats were sacrificed 72 h after cisplatin injection (7.5 mg/kg), and kidneys were obtained to isolate glomeruli and proximal and distal tubules. Cisplatin induced superoxide anion production in glomeruli and proximal tubules but not in distal tubules. This enhanced superoxide anion production was prevented by diphenylene iodonium, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase. Consistently, this effect was associated with the increased expression of gp91phox and p47phox, subunits of NADPH oxidase. The enhanced superoxide anion production in glomeruli and proximal tubules, associated with the increased expression of gp91phox and p47phox, is involved in the oxidative stress in cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity.
Ultrastructural organization of contractile and cytoskeletal proteins in glomerular podocytes of chicken, rat, and man.

By immunoelectron microscopy the podocyte foot processes of the rat and human kidney have been shown to contain three major proteins of the contractile apparatus in muscle, i.e., actin, myosin, and the Z-line protein, alpha-actinin. Gel electrophoresis and immunoblot analysis of isolated glomeruli suggests that these proteins constitute an important part of the total glomerular protein contents. In the chicken kidney, the plasmalemmal portion of the foot processes that abuts the glomerular basement membrane was specifically labeled with antibodies against chicken gizzard vinculin and talin, two proteins thought to be important for the linkage of actin filaments to the lipid bilayer and to the receptor for fibronectin and laminin. Such a linkage may not only be important for the attachment of actin filaments to the plasma membrane, but could also be of functional significance for restricting the fibronectin-laminin receptor in its lateral diffusion in the plane of the lipid bilayer and to localize it at the basis of the podocytic foot processes. Assuming that actin, myosin, and alpha-actinin are arranged in a way that would allow the foot processes to generate contractile force this filament system might help the glomerular capillaries to resist the high intraluminal hydrostatic pressure as well as to actively modify the surface area for filtration. Vimentin and tubulin, the main protein subunits of intermediate filaments and microtubules, respectively, were confined to the podocyte cell body and the major processes but were virtually absent from the foot processes. This suggests that both proteins and their polymers are not important for the structure and function of the foot processes.
Object oriented model for composite reliability evaluation including time varying load and wind generation

This paper presents a flexible object-oriented computational model for composite systems reliability evaluation based on Sequential and Non-Sequential Monte Carlo Simulation. The main focus of the model is in the representation of time varying components, such as the wind generation and the load. The modeling flexibility enables the representation of complex network components and the comparison of indices obtained by both sequential and non-sequential approaches. The results obtained with studies based on the IEEE RTS system demonstrate the applicability of the developed model and provide important conclusions about wind generation influence on power system reliability indices.
Pharmacies and prevention of potentially fatal drug interactions.

To the Editor. —Dr Bates and colleagues 1 reported that 28% of adverse drug events in a hospital setting were preventable, and Dr Leape and colleagues 2 identified failure in the dissemination of drug knowledge as being the most common cause of these errors. Outside the hospital, the pharmacist is the last line of defense to protect the patient from prescribing errors. We examined how successful pharmacies are in detecting and correcting physician errors. The Food and Drug Administration determined that concomitant use of terfenadine with drugs known to inhibit hepatic metabolism, such as ketoconazole and erythromycin, was a risk factor for ventricular arrhythmias, syncope, and cardiac arrest. 3 This information is included in the product labeling of terfenadine, erythromycin, and ketoconazole. In July 1992, Marion Merrell Dow, Inc, distributed "Dear Doctor" and "Dear Pharmacist" letters, warning about the above drug interactions (oral communication, Marion Merrell Dow, Inc). To assess
Automated content suggestion for document writing

Document writing can tend to be rather laborious and time-consuming. A good document requires substantial research to be performed on the subject of the document, followed by the additional task of aggregating the surveyed research into a comprehensive document with accurate and coherent content. In this paper, a dynamic content suggestion system is presented for document writing. The proposed system reduces human effort needed during the research phase by constantly analyzing the document context periodically and suggesting relevant content (text and media based), which can be added to the document by querying the web. The proposed solution helps in reducing the time to write documents by 42% as compared to the traditional methods of writing documents. Sophisticated statistical algorithms along with natural language processing technology are used to continuously determine the keywords and concepts from the content in the document. A web search is performed by ranking the most relevant keywords based on their score and the top five search results are chosen. The content from these web pages is then extracted and displayed on a tile-based user interface as a summary. This system aims to facilitate a faster and more efficient approach to document writing.
A Simple Model of the Chinese Hukou System and Some Ongoing Reforms

We model the Chinese Hukou (household registration) system, from the Mao era when it was strictly enforced to the early reform era (Deng Xiaoping era) when peasants were allowed to migrate to cities for work only. We document some stylized characteristics of Hukou control, and based on which build a rigorous model of the dual labor market generated by it. The model can explain the urban-rural divide, especially in the early transition period, and the fact that rural migrant workers not only made important contributions to China's export boom, but also reversed the Chinese trade pattern—from exporting primary products to manufactured goods, because they are the labor force in "the manufacturing hub of the world". Reform recovers some of the deadweight losses from Mao's strict Hukou control, but the gains from reform are unevenly distributed. We also apply the model to examine the impacts of various policies and some ongoing reforms such as special economic zones, export-tax refund, urbanization, privatization, one-child policy, etc.
Design of compact bandpass filter based on EMSIW cavities

This paper presents a compact bandpass filter based on stacked eighth-mode substrate integrated waveguide (EMSIW) resonators. By properly constructing the feeding and coupling topology of four EMSIW cavities, the proposed filter not only exhibits compact size, but also achieves enhanced selectivity by virtue of its three transmission zeros (TZs). A novel cross-coupled structure which contributes to TZs is constructed without increasing the circuit size compared with the conventional fourth-order cross-coupled model. The filter is designed and fabricated on two lays of substrate, good agreement between simulated and measured results is also obtained.
Involvement of Notch1 signaling in malignant progression of A549 cells subjected to prolonged cadmium exposure

Cadmium exposure is known to increase lung cancer risk, but the underlying molecular mechanisms in cadmium-stimulated progression of malignancy are unclear. Here, we examined the effects of prolonged cadmium exposure on the malignant progression of A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells and the roles of Notch1, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R)/Akt/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/p70 S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) signaling pathways. Exposing A549 cells to 10 or 20 μm cadmium chloride (CdCl2) for 9–15 weeks induced a high proliferative potential, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), stress fiber formation, high cell motility, and resistance to antitumor drugs. Of note, the CdCl2 exposure increased the levels of the Notch1 intracellular domain and of the downstream Notch1 target genes Snail and Slug. Strikingly, siRNA-mediated Notch1 silencing partially suppressed the CdCl2-induced EMT, stress fiber formation, high cell motility, and antitumor drug resistance. In addition, we found that prolonged CdCl2 exposure induced reduction of E-cadherin in BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells and antitumor drug resistance in H1975 human tumor-derived non-small-cell lung cancer cells depending on Notch1 signaling. Moreover, Notch1, HIF-1α, and IGF-1R/Akt/ERK/S6K1 activated each other to induce EMT in the CdCl2-exposed A549 cells. These results suggest that Notch1, along with HIF-1α and IGF-1R/Akt/ERK/S6K1 signaling pathways, promotes malignant progression stimulated by prolonged cadmium exposure in this lung adenocarcinoma model.
Acrodermatitis Atrophicans Herxheimer

Angiokeratoma (Mibelli). -ROBERT KLABER, M.D. The patient is a woman aged 26. Her general health is good, but she has had cold hands and feet as long as she can remember. She suffers from " chilblains" every winter, and even in cold summer weather, on the toes and feet. There are now on the dorsal-and to a lesser extent, on the plantar-aspect of the toes of both feet, many small scarcely raised angiomata, many of which are surmounted by a hard, warty cap. They are said to have been present for ten years and are not painful or irritable. Those which are not surmounted by a warty growth are seen to consist of grouped purpuric points which only partially disappear
Localized cutaneous infection by Scedosporium prolificans (inflatum)

A 15‐year‐old African‐American man was first seen in July 1992 complaining of a painful growth on the toe of 6 weeks duration. Initial examination revealed a 2‐cm tender verrucous plaque on the dorsal aspect of the right great toe, just distal to the DIP joint. There were focal erosion and underlying granulation tissue. There was no fever or regional lymphadenopathy, and the patient was otherwise healthy and asymptomatic. Initial diagnostic considerations included viral verruca, blastomycosis, Mycobacterium marinum, and (remotely) squamous cell carcinoma. Tissue was submitted for laboratory evaluation, and the lesion was treated empiricaily with liquid nitrogen, Hematoxylin and eosin stained sections showed epidermal acanthosis with underlying granulomatous inflammation. Special stains and cultures for acid‐fast bacteria (AFB) and fungi (on Mycosel agar) were negative. On follow‐up 1 month later, the lesion measured 8 mm; the patient failed to keep further appointments. He returned in July 1993, and examination revealed a well‐circumscribed 3.5 cm ulcerated piaque, extending from the proximal nail I fold to the DIP joint, with minimal surrounding erythema and serosanguinous discharge. Again, the patient was otherwise asymptomatic. Soft tissue radiographs showed no bone or joint involvement. A repeat biopsy showed siminar changes, in addition to extensive dermal necrosis. Cultures for fungus and AFB were again negative. The patient missed and follow‐up appointments until July 1994, At that time, history and examination were essentially unchanged. A third biopsy was submitted for analysis and failed to identify an etiologic agent. Our differential diagnosis included Trichophyton verrucosum, M. marinum, and deep fungal infections.
Thin basement membrane nephropathy and coincidental renal biopsy lesions

Thin basement membrane nephropathy (TBMN) is the commonest cause of persistent haematuria in both children and adults, and affects at least 1% of the population. 1 Previous reports have focused on TBMN in Caucasians, and there are only occasional descriptions of it in Chinese, Indian and African individuals. The article by Sue et al . in the previous issue of the Journal ( Nephrology 2004; 9: 14–18), 2 represents the first study of TBMN in the Chinese race in Western medical literature. Recent reports have helped in our understanding of the nature of TBMN. 3 We now know that at least 40% of affected individuals have single mutations in the COL4A3 or COL4A4 genes, which code for the a 3(IV) or a 4(IV) collagen chains. These genes are also affected in autosomal recessive Alport syndrome, and TBMN sometimes represents the carrier state for this condition. Thin basement membrane nephropathy is usually diagnosed when the typical clinical features are present. Affected individuals have persistent microscopic haematuria, minimal proteinuria and normal kidney function. 1
Expression of Caveolin-3 in Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth Muscle Cells

Caveolae are microdomains of the plasma membrane that have been implicated in signal transduction. Caveolin, a 21–24-kDa integral membrane protein, is a principal component of the caveolae membrane. Recently, we and others have identified a family of caveolin-related proteins; caveolin has been retermed caveolin-1. Caveolin-3 is most closely related to caveolin-1, but caveolin-3 mRNA is expressed only in muscle tissue types. Here, we examine (i) the expression of caveolin-3 protein in muscle tissue types and (ii) its localization within skeletal muscle fibers by immunofluorescence microscopy and subcellular fractionation. For this purpose, we generated a novel monoclonal antibody (mAb) probe that recognizes the unique N-terminal region of caveolin-3, but not other members of the caveolin gene family. A survey of tissues and muscle cell types by Western blot analysis reveals that the caveolin-3 protein is selectively expressed only in heart and skeletal muscle tissues, cardiac myocytes, and smooth muscle cells. Immunolocalization of caveolin-3 in skeletal muscle fibers demonstrates that caveolin-3 is localized to the sarcolemma (muscle cell plasma membrane) and coincides with the distribution of another muscle-specific plasma membrane marker protein, dystrophin. In addition, caveolin-3 protein expression is dramatically induced during the differentiation of C2C12 skeletal myoblasts in culture. Using differentiated C2C12 skeletal myoblasts as a model system, we observe that caveolin-3 co-fractionates with cytoplasmic signaling molecules (G-proteins and Src-like kinases) and members of the dystrophin complex (dystrophin, α-sarcoglycan, and β-dystroglycan), but is clearly separated from the bulk of cellular proteins. Caveolin-3 co-immunoprecipitates with antibodies directed against dystrophin, suggesting that they are physically associated as a discrete complex. These results are consistent with previous immunoelectron microscopic studies demonstrating that dystrophin is localized to plasma membrane caveolae in smooth muscle cells.
[Early and long-term results of rehabilitation of cochlear implant patients]].

BACKGROUND Cochlear implantation is nowadays a reliable and well-accepted method of auditory rehabilitation in selected adults and children. METHODS We present rehabilitation data on 21 adult patients provided with the Nucleus CI22 M cochlear implant using the SPEAK strategy. RESULTS Results of first tune-up show an open set speech understanding in approximately 50% of patients. Long-term results also reveal further improvement in patients who had no open set speech understanding. Our data seem to indicate similar results in comparison to other groups using the CIS strategy. CONCLUSIONS In adults, open set speech understanding can be achieved even at the first tune-up. Results of early rehabilitation seem to be influenced by duration and etiology of deafness, experience with hearing aids, and other factors.
The 2005 UbiApp Workshop: What Makes Good Application-Led Research?

Some members of the ubiquitous computing community feel that application-led research needs to make more coherent progress. Their perception is that with few exceptions, such research is neither systematically building on what little new knowledge it has derived so far nor setting specific challenges and benchmarks to guide its progress. In light of these concerns, the 2005 UbiApp workshop's tenet was that ubiquitous computing research could benefit from better metrics for the selection, analysis, and evaluation of applications and common infrastructure. The workshop aimed to identify methodological problems in the way researchers conduct application-led research and to recommend how to address these problems.