Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Las marcas de la violencia. Los efectos del maltrato en la estructuración subjetiva

En este trabajo desarrollare algunas ideas sobre los efectos psiquicos del maltrato en la infancia, entendiendo que es fundamental detectar las secuelas que dejan los vinculos violentos. Hablar de la violencia en relacion a los ninos nos lleva a pensar en un amplio espectro de violencias: violencia social, violencia familiar, violencia desatada a lo largo de la historia. La explotacion de menores, los golpes, el hambre, el abandono, la no asistencia en las enfermedades, la apropiacion ilegal, el abuso sexual, etc., son todas formas del maltrato. Golpes que incrementan el estado de desvalimiento infantil y que impiden el procesamiento y la metabolizacion de lo vivenciado. Algunas cuestiones especificas demandan nuestro aporte como psicoanalistas: 1) ? cuales son los determinantes de la violencia de los adultos contra los ninos? ; 2) ? que efectos sufre la constitucion subjetiva frente a los embates de la violencia adulta? ; 3) ? cual es el lugar del psicoanalista frente al maltrato infantil y cuales son las vias de elaboracion que el psicoanalisis posibilita?
Different treatment outcomes with different formulations of clobetasol propionate 0.05% for the treatment of plaque psoriasis

Two advanced formulations of clobetasol propionate (CP) 0.05% (Clobex® Spray; Galderma Laboratories, L.P., Fort Worth, TX, USA and Olux® Foam; Stiefel/Connetics Corp., Coral Gables, FL, USA) were compared in a study of 77 randomized patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. At the end of the treatment period (2 weeks for CP foam or up to 4 weeks for CP spray per product labeling), patients treated with CP spray had a median 64% reduction in affected body surface area (BSA) compared to a median 25% reduction in patients treated with the CP foam (p = 0.004). Also at the end of the treatment period, 22% of CP spray‐treated patients were completely clear compared to 5% of CP foam‐treated patients (p = 0.04). Improvements in quality of life as determined by the Dermatology Life Quality Index were statistically significantly greater at all time points for patients treated with CP spray compared to patients treated with CP foam (p<0.04 for all). The majority of adverse events for both products were mild in severity. Thus, while both of these formulations contain the same active ingredient at the same concentration, differences in their efficacy were observed when each treatment was used within its approved labeling guidelines.
On Joint Ruin Probabilities of a Two-Dimensional Risk Model with Constant Interest Rate

In this note we consider the two-dimensional risk model introduced in Avram, Palmowski and Pistorius (2008) with constant interest rate. We derive the integral-differential equations of the Laplace transforms, and asymptotic expressions for the finite-time ruin probabilities with respect to the joint ruin times T max(u 1,u 2) and T min(u 1,u 2) respectively.
Fitting the Mel scale

We show that there are many qualitatively different equations, each with few parameters, that fit the experimentally obtained Mel scale. We investigate the often made remark that there are two regions to the Mel scale, the first region (</spl sim/1000 Hz.) being linear and the upper region being logarithmic. We show that there is no evidence, based on the experimental data points, that there are two qualitatively different regions or that the lower region is linear and upper region logarithmetic. In fact F/sub M/=f/(af+b) where F/sub M/ and f are the Mel and physical frequency respectively, fits better than a line in the linear region or a logarithm in the "log" region.
The occurrence and location of teichoic acids in lactobacilli.

SUMMARY: The walls and cell contents of a number of lactobacilli were prepared by mechanical disruption of the organisms followed by differential centrifugation. The nature of the teichoic acid present in the separated fractions was determined by extracting it with dilute trichloroacetic acid, precipitating with ethanol and identifying the precipitated polymer by hydrolysis to ribitol or glycerol phosphates and other recognizable degradation products. All the organisms contained a glycerol teichoic acid within the cell. This and similar observations with other bacteria indicates that glycerol teichoic acids play an important part in cellular metabolism. Both glycerol and ribitol teichoic acids occur in walls. The presence and type of teichoic acid in the walls correlate with the serological behaviour of lactobacilli and provide a useful means of classification. It is suggested that teichoic acids themselves may possess antigenic properties.
Regulation of reverse uniport activity in mitochondria by extramitochondrial divalent cations. Dependence on a soluble intermembrane space component.

We previously reported that uncoupling Ca2(+)-loaded mitochondria in the presence of [ethylenebis(oxyethylenenitrilo)]tetraacetic acid (EGTA) produces a partial expression of the permeability transition. From this and related observations, it was proposed that the absence of external free Ca2+ is inhibitory to reverse activity of the Ca2+ uniporter (Igbavboa, U., and Pfeiffer, D.R. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 1405-1412). By using Sr2(+)-instead of Ca2(+)-loaded mitochondria, the transition is avoided upon treatment with EGTA plus uncoupler, and inhibition of reverse uniport activity can be observed directly. In the presence of physiological Mg2+ concentrations, reverse uniport of Sr2+ is eliminated by external EGTA following a brief period of rapid activity. It is proposed that binding of Mg2+ rather than Sr2+ (Ca2+) at an external site is responsible for the inhibition. Regulation at the external site is modified by the size of the Sr2+ load. EGTA, in the presence of Mg2+, does not inhibit the reverse uniport-dependent release of Sr2+ from mitoplasts. The inhibitory effect can be recovered by adding back the soluble components obtained as the intermembrane space fraction following removal of the outer membrane. The soluble factor could be a regulatory subunit which contains the external cation binding site. Adjustments to uniporter activity due to regulation by the binding site and/or the soluble factor may be slow and may be significant in determining how mitochondria respond to rapid Ca2+ transients in vivo.
Neuroactive steroids reduce neuronal excitability by selectively enhancing tonic inhibition mediated by δ subunit-containing GABAA receptors

Neuroactive steroids are potent modulators of γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs), and their behavioral effects are generally viewed in terms of altered inhibitory synaptic transmission. Here we report that, at concentrations known to occur in vivo, neuroactive steroids specifically enhance a tonic inhibitory conductance in central neurons that is mediated by extrasynaptic δ subunit-containing GABAARs. The neurosteroid-induced augmentation of this tonic conductance decreases neuronal excitability. Fluctuations in the circulating concentrations of endogenous neuroactive steroids have been implicated in the genesis of premenstrual syndrome, postpartum depression, and other anxiety disorders. Recognition that δ subunit-containing GABAARs responsible for a tonic conductance are a preferential target for neuroactive steroids may lead to novel pharmacological approaches for the treatment of these common conditions.
Improving balance control and self-reported lower extremity function in community-dwelling older adults: a randomized control trial

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of a group-based functional and specific balance training programme that included dual-task exercises on balance function in healthy older adults. Design: A single-blind randomized controlled trial. Setting: General community. Participants: Sixty-six community-dwelling older adults (age 77.0 ± 6.5 years), without functional balance impairment were recruited and allocated at random to an intervention group (n = 33) or a reference group (n = 33). Intervention: The intervention group received 24 training sessions over three months that included perturbation as well as dual-task exercises. The reference group received no intervention. Outcome measures: The voluntary step execution times during single- and dual-task conditions, stabilogram-diffusion analysis in upright standing, and self-reported physical function; all were measured assessed at baseline and at the end of intervention. The intervention group was retested after six months. Results: Compared with the reference group, participation in group-based functional and specific balance training led to faster voluntary step execution times under single-task (P = 0.02; effect size (ES) = 0.34) and dual-task (P = 0.036; ES = 0.55) conditions; lower transition displacement and shorter transition time of the stabilogram-diffusion analysis under eyes-closed conditions (P = 0.007, ES = 0.30 and P = 0.08, ES = 0.44, respectively); and improved self-reported lower extremity function (P = 0.006, ES = 0.37). Effects were lost at six-month follow-up. Conclusions: Functional and specific balance training can improve voluntary stepping and balance control in healthy older non-fallers, parameters previously found to be related to increased risk of falls and injury in older adults.
Protein-DNA Binding and CpG Methylation at Nucleotide Resolution of Latency-Associated Promoters Qp, Cp, and LMP1p of Epstein-Barr Virus

ABSTRACT Epstein-Barr viral (EBV) latency-associated promoters Qp, Cp, and LMP1p are crucial for the regulated expression of the EBNA and LMP transcripts in dependence of the latency type. By transient transfection and in vitro binding analyses, many promoter elements and transcription factors have previously been shown to be involved in the activities of these promoters. However, the latency promoters have only partially been examined at the nucleotide level in vivo. Therefore, we undertook a comprehensive analysis of in vivo protein binding and CpG methylation patterns at these promoters in five representative cell lines and correlated the results with the known in vitro binding data and activities of these promoters from previous transfection experiments. Promoter activity inversely correlated with the methylation state of promoters, although Qp was a remarkable exception. Novel protein binding data were obtained for all promoters. For Cp, binding correlated well with promoter activity; for LMP1p and Qp, binding patterns looked similar regardless of promoter activity.
Characterization of Fibrodysplasia in the Dog Following Inhibition of Metalloproteinases

Musculoskeletal side effects are a widely reported consequence of administration of particular matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (MMPi) in clinical trials. We describe here histopathological findings during dog studies with a fairly selective MMPi AZM551248, that are consistent with these human clinical changes. They were characterized by a dose-and time-dependent formative connective tissue alteration we have termed “fibrodysplasia. ” The most sensitive site was the subcuticular connective tissue, although musculoskeletal tissues were also extensively involved. In the subcutis, changes occurred initially around pre-existing blood vessels, but then more diffusely. There was proliferation of cells showing myofibroblast differentiation identified by elevated levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, and transforming growth factor β, and the deposition of collagen type III with a lesser quantity of collagen type I. On longer-term administration at lower doses, there was evidence of active fibrodysplasia arising and resolving during the dosing period, resulting in the multifocal deposition of mature collagen. Although there was organ specificity, essentially identical changes occurred at multiple connective tissue sites. We conclude that MMPi-induced fibrodysplasia in animals and, by inference, musculoskeletal side effects in humans are potentially diffuse connective tissue disorders.
Anticoagulation for Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis

Treatment of cerebral venous thrombosis with anticoagulants may prevent new venous infarcts, neurological deterioration, and pulmonary embolism but may also promote hemorrhages. ### Objectives The objective of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of anticoagulant therapy in patients with radiologically confirmed cerebral venous thrombosis. This is an update of the 2002 version of the Cochrane Review on this topic.1 ### Search Strategy We searched the Cochrane Stroke Group Trials Register (last searched August 2010), MEDLINE (1950 to August 2010), EMBASE (1980 to August 2010), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library, 2011 Issue 1). In an effort to identify further published, unpublished, and ongoing trials, we searched ongoing trial registers and reference lists of relevant articles and contacted the authors. ### Selection Criteria Selection criteria included nonconfounded randomized controlled trials in which anticoagulant …
Organisational Culture's Influence on Tacit Knowledge Sharing Behaviour

Purpose – This research aimed at investigating the influence of organisational culture types on tacit knowledge sharing behaviour in Malaysian organisations.Design/methodology/approach – Survey data was collected from 362 participants from seven organisations. Multiple regression was used to assess the research model.Findings – The research findings indicate that organisational culture types influence tacit knowledge sharing behaviour and that such influences may be positive or negative depending on the culture type.Research limitations/implications – The study only investigated seven organisations. A larger sample size may be necessary for a study of this nature. Aside from this the ipsative rating scale was not clearly understood by the respondents resulting in scoring errors by some.Practical implications – Knowledge is considered the one and only distinct resource and is crucial for an organisation to sustain its competitive advantage. Determining the organisation's culture type will allow managers to.
Loop formation in unfolded polypeptide chains on the picoseconds to microseconds time scale

Intrachain loop formation allows unfolded polypeptide chains to search for favorable interactions during protein folding. We applied triplet–triplet energy transfer between a xanthone moiety and naphthylalanine to directly measure loop formation in various unfolded polypeptide chains with loop regions consisting of polyserine, poly(glycine–serine) or polyproline. By combination of femtosecond and nanosecond laserflash experiments loop formation could be studied over many orders of magnitude in time from picoseconds to microseconds. The results reveal processes on different time scales indicating motions on different hierarchical levels of the free energy surface. A minor (<15%) very fast reaction with a time constant of ≈3 ps indicates equilibrium conformations with donor and acceptor in contact at the time of the laserflash. Complex kinetics of loop formation were observed on the 50- to 500-ps time scale, which indicate motions within a local well on the energy landscape. Conformations within this well can form loops by undergoing local motions without having to cross major barriers. Exponential kinetics observed on the 10- to 100-ns time scale are caused by diffusional processes involving large-scale motions that allow the polypeptide chain to explore the complete conformational space. These results indicate that the free energy landscape for unfolded polypeptide chains and native proteins have similar properties. The presence of local energy minima reduces the conformational space and accelerates the conformational search for energetically favorable local intrachain contacts.
Specific synthetic lethal killing of RAD54B-deficient human colorectal cancer cells by FEN1 silencing

Mutations that cause chromosome instability (CIN) in cancer cells produce “sublethal” deficiencies in an essential process (chromosome segregation) and, therefore, may represent a major untapped resource that could be exploited for therapeutic benefit in the treatment of cancer. If second-site unlinked genes can be identified, that when knocked down, cause a synthetic lethal (SL) phenotype in combination with a somatic mutation in a CIN gene, novel candidate therapeutic targets will be identified. To test this idea, we took a cross species SL candidate gene approach by recapitulating a SL interaction observed between rad54 and rad27 mutations in yeast, via knockdown of the highly sequence- and functionally-related proteins RAD54B and FEN1 in a cancer cell line. We show that knockdown of RAD54B, a gene known to be somatically mutated in cancer, causes CIN in mammalian cells. Using high-content microscopy techniques, we demonstrate that RAD54B-deficient human colorectal cancer cells are sensitive to SL killing by reduced FEN1 expression, while isogenic RAD54B proficient cells are not. This conserved SL interaction suggests that extrapolating SL interactions observed in model organisms for homologous genes mutated in human cancers will aid in the identification of novel therapeutic targets for specific killing of cancerous cells exhibiting CIN.
Pilot Study of Telephone Tutoring in Reading Skills

This study tested the feasibility of tutoring children in reading via telephone sessions. 19 children received tutoring from any of 6 tutors for an average of 7.6 hr. per month. Initially, these children were an average of 10.4 yr. old, in average Grade 4.8, and averaged 2.9 grade levels behind their grade expectations on the Slosson Oral Reading Test. Before tutoring the children had progressed on the Slosson at an average of 0.44 grade levels per year (95% CI = 0.30 to 0.57). The children participated in telephone tutoring for an average of 1.5 yr. During tutoring the students progressed at an average of 2.0 grade levels per year (95% CI = 1.2 to 2.8). The rate of progress during tutoring was significantly greater than that before tutoring (p < .001). The relations between tutors and students appeared to be positive and pleasant. Telephone tutoring seems to be a practical and feasible service delivery method which should be tested further.
On the use of undirected probabilistic graphical modeling for cognitive wireless networks

Despite remarkable advancements in the area of computer networks in recent past, the behavior of the network protocol stack is not completely understood. Our knowledge of interaction of a given protocol in one layer of the stack with protocols in other layers is limited. There is no well known model of the protocol stack that can reveal the protocol parameter interrelationships. We propose a framework built on ideas from the fields of advanced machine learning and computer vision to tackle this problem. Our framework makes use of undirected Probabilistic Graphical Models to determine relationships among protocol parameters of different layers. We sample protocol parameters under predefined network scenarios and perform structure learning of their dependency relationships. Subsequently, we obtain graphical model of the protocol stack which is the most important contribution of this paper. We then estimate the node and edge potentials of the graphical model in the parameter estimation step based on collected data and learnt the structure of the protocol stack. We believe that many of the challenges posed by today's cognitive networks can be properly addressed by making useful inferences from our modeling. As an example, we show that it is possible to predict network latency in terms of Round Trip Time (RTT) fairly accurately given knowledge of only its neighbor protocol parameters in the graphical model.
Evolving patterns in the detection and outcomes of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: the Massachusetts General Hospital experience from 1977 to 2005.

OBJECTIVE To assess changing patterns in the detection and outcomes of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs). DESIGN Retrospective review from May 21, 1977, through September 16, 2005. SETTING Massachusetts General Hospital, a tertiary care center. PATIENTS We evaluated 168 patients (51% male; mean age, 56 years) who underwent surgery for histologically confirmed PNENs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Surgical outcomes, survival, and changes in presentation of PNENs in 2 time groups: 1977-1999 (77 patients) and 2000-2005 (91 patients). RESULTS Ninety-eight patients (58.3%) had nonfunctioning PNENs, 86 of which were incidental. Insulinomas were the most common type of functional neoplasm (33.3%), followed by gastrinomas and glucagonomas; 12 patients (7.1%) had multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Of the neoplasms, 107 (63.7%) were located in the pancreatic body or tail. A pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed in 37 patients (22.0%), distal pancreatectomy was done in 88 (52.4%), and the rest had either middle segment pancreatectomy or enucleation. There were no operative deaths. We classified 76.8% of neoplasms as benign; of those classified as malignant, 25.6% had liver metastases. Of the patients, 10.1% received adjuvant therapy. Complete follow up was available in 90.5% of patients (mean, 63.3 months). Five- and 10-year actuarial survival rates were 77% and 62%, respectively. Incidentally discovered nonfunctioning neoplasms were significantly more frequent in the last 5 years (60.4% vs 40.3%; P = .007), with a trend toward smaller neoplasms (mean, 4.2 cm vs 5.6 cm; P = .19) and lesser likelihood of malignancy (21.8% vs 40.0%; P = .08). CONCLUSIONS We report a large single-center experience with PNENs. Increasing numbers of PNENs are being resected, largely owing to the incidental detection of nonfunctioning neoplasms. This may lead to the treatment of smaller and less malignant neoplasms.
Halocarbon and dimethyl sulphide studies around the Mascarene Plateau

Air–sea exchange is thought to be one of the major routes by which halocarbons and dimethyl sulphide reach the troposphere and stratosphere. Once there, in different ways, they participate in chemical reactions that have implications for ozone depletion and climate change. The gases are released by phytoplankton and other algae, but our present understanding of the sources and sinks is insufficient to establish a balanced global budget. Published data suggest that there are regions of coastal and ocean waters that constitute a major source, but, for halocarbons, in other regions the ocean is a net sink. For example, in many open oceanic areas, the rate of degradation of methyl bromide outweighs production. Here we present data from the Central Indian Ocean, a region considered to be low in terms of biological productivity. Little is known about trace–gas release from the Central Indian Ocean and without such data it is impossible to even hazard a guess at the global ocean source to the atmosphere.
An Increase in Early Adolescent Undercontrol Is Associated With the Use of Denial

This is a longitudinal study of change in undercontrol and its relation to the use of defense mechanisms with participants from the Berkeley Guidance Study of the Institute of Human Development, University of California, Berkeley. I predicted that use of the immature defense of Denial, but not Projection or Identification, would be related at early adolescence to an increase in undercontrol as assessed from 2 independent measures. The assessment of Ego Undercontrol indicated that the majority of children decreased with age, but for those who increased at early adolescence, the increase was significantly related to the use of Denial. Similarly, assessment of Externalizing Behavior Problems at early adolescence indicated that an increase in Externalizing Problems was related to the use of Denial. In addition to indicating psychological immaturity, the use of Denial prevents these children from recognizing the negative impact of their undercontrolled behavior.