Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Studies on liposomal ferromagnetic particles and a technique of high frequency inductive heating--in vivo studies of rabbits].

The tumor can be more selectively heated by applying of high frequency inductive heating after administration of ferromagnetic particles into a tumor. In order to devise a technique used for the selective hyperthermia of a tumor with high frequency inductive heating, we continued fundamental studies using liposomal ferromagnetic particles (HP-LM), which were prepared as follows: triiron tetoraoxide (Fe3O4) particles were coated with liposomal membrane contained hematoporphyrin with neoplastic affinity. In Vivo Studies of Rabbits: We used high frequency inductive heater (NIHON KOSHUHA CO. LTD. YKN-10), frequency: 400 kHz, out put: 10 kW, coil diameter: 90 mm. VX-2 tumor cells at 1.5 X 10(7) were implanted to the lower thigh of rabbit. When the implanted tumor grew up 3 cm in diameter, A-D group were heated and studied. Group A: In a dose of 200 mg/kg of HP-LM was administered into the femoral artery, Group B: In a dose of 100 mg/kg of Fe3O4 was administered into the femoral artery, Group C: Ligation of femoral artery, Group D: Nonadministrated, and then was immediately heated. Group A: In a dose of 200 mg/kg of HP-LM, with heating for 10 minutes, temperature was elevated 14. 8 degrees C at center of tumor. Group B: In a dose of 100 mg/kg of Fe3O4, with heating for 10 minutes, temperature was elevated 10.6 degrees C at center of tumor. Group C: In a ligation of femoral artery, with heating for 10 minutes, temperature was elevated 6.5 degrees C at center of tumor. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Growth of Salmonella enteritidis in artificially contaminated hens' shell eggs

SUMMARY The effect of some factors on the growth of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 in artificially contaminated shell eggs was investigated. Salmonella enteritidis was found to be resistant to the antimicrobial properties of the albumen. Growth occurred on storage at 25 °C but not at 4 or 10 °C. The rate and extent of infection was influenced by the size of inoculum, the site of contamination relative to yolk movement, and the presence of iron in the inoculum.
On Spanners and Lightweight Spanners of Geometric Graphs

We consider the problem of computing spanners of Euclidean and unit disk graphs embedded in the two-dimensional Euclidean plane. We are particularly interested in spanners that possess useful properties such as planarity, bounded degree, and/or light weight. Such spanners have been extensively studied in the area of computational geometry and have been used as the building block for constructing efficient and reliable wireless network communication topologies. We study the above problem under two computational models: the centralized and the distributed model. In the distributed model we focus on algorithms that are local. Such algorithms are suitable for the relevant applications (e.g., wireless computing). Under the centralized model, we present an $O(n\lg n)$ time algorithm that computes a bounded-degree plane spanner of a complete Euclidean graph, where $n$ is the number of points in the graph. Both upper bounds on the degree and the stretch factor significantly improve the previous bounds. We extend this algorithm to compute a bounded-degree plane lightweight spanner of a complete Euclidean graph. Under the distributed model, we give the first local algorithm for computing a spanner of a unit disk graph that is of bounded degree and plane. The upper bounds on the degree, stretch factor, and the locality of the algorithm dramatically improve the previous results, as shown in the paper. This algorithm can also be extended to compute a bounded-degree plane lightweight spanner of a unit disk graph. Our algorithms rely on structural and geometric results that we develop in this paper.
Atherosclerotic Descending Aortic Aneurysms. Pros and Cons of Surgery

Within the last few years, there has been a strong trend to rethink the issue of management of atherosclerotic descending thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). When etiopathogenetic associations among changes observed during the progression of the disease were not fully described, surgeons had successfully applied, although traumatic, but a rather radical method to rescue from the rupture threat. As we gained experience and knowledge about long-term outcomes, mostly concerned mortality, we realized that surgery could not be the main tactical approach to AAAs treatment due to its frequent inefficiency and failure to guarantee that the disease would be suppressed including co-morbidities, polymorphic processes and clinical manifestations. It all required more sparing treatment strategies. The situation gave rise to a more argumentative and sparing medical-and-surgical approach to treatment based on a more in-depth understanding of the etiopathogenesis of the disease whereas surgery would remain of prime importance when appropriate. The following has been developed to improve treatment outcomes for AAA: 1) Multifactorial determination of indications for surgical correction with outlining the area of relative and absolute risk of aneurysm rupture; 2) Method of conservative treatment aimed to attain and maintain optimal blood pressure, target levels of cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins, as well as reduce oxidative and inflammatory processes in aorta, strengthen its wall, stabilize the disease and control co-morbidities. A four-year follow-up of patients using this developed technology has yielded more preferred results suggesting the need for narrowing indications for surgery to treat AAAs. Another advantage of the sparing approach to treat AAA is economic, due to fewer operations and implantations of stent-grafts, considering the fact that medical treatment should be used in operated subjects, too.
Pediatric Posttraumatic Headache: Two Cases Using Steroids as Abortive Therapy

Abstract Pediatric traumatic brain injury is a common occurrence, and even an ostensibly mild injury may result in disabling posttraumatic headaches. The headache may result in a number of subsequent unremitting symptoms refractory to many standard headache therapies. Current treatment recommendations are sparse because there is a lack of clinical trial data recommendations and outcomes. From these 2 cases, we report the effectiveness of steroids for severe posttraumatic headache, along with recommended treatment strategies for acute pain management and prevention.
Paediatric dental chair sedation: An audit of current practice in Gauteng, South Africa.

BACKGROUND Procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) is often required to perform dental procedures in children. Serious adverse outcomes, while rare, are usually preventable. OBJECTIVES To determine the proportion of dental practitioners making use of paediatric dental chair PSA in Gauteng Province, South Africa, describe their PSA practice, and determine compliance with recommended safety standards. METHOD A prospective, contextual, descriptive study design was used, with 222 randomly selected dental practitioners contacted to determine whether they offered paediatric dental chair PSA. Practitioners offering PSA were then asked to complete a web-based questionnaire assessing their practice. RESULTS Of the 213 dental practitioners contacted, 94 (44.1%; 95% confidence interval 37 - 51) provided PSA to children. Most patients were 1 - 5 years old, although there were practices that offered PSA to infants. While most procedures were performed under minimal to moderate sedation, deep sedation and general anaesthesia were also administered in dental rooms. Midazolam was the most frequently used sedative agent, often in conjunction with inhaled nitrous oxide; 28.1% of PSA providers administered a combination of three or more agents. Presedation patient assessment was documented in 83.0% of cases, and informed consent for sedation was obtained in 75.6%. The survey raised several areas of concern regarding patient safety: 41.3% of dental practices did not use any monitoring equipment during sedation; the operator was responsible for the sedation and monitoring of the patient in 41.3%; 43.2% did not keep any recommended emergency drugs; and 19.6% did not have any emergency or resuscitation equipment available. Most respondents (81.8%) indicated an interest in sedation training. CONCLUSION Paediatric dental chair PSA was offered by 44.1% of dental practitioners interviewed in Gauteng. Modalities of PSA provided varied between practices, with a number of safety concerns being raised.
A BIOCULTURAL INVESTIGATION OF THE WEANLING’S DILEMMA IN KATHMANDU, NEPAL: DO UNIVERSAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR WEANING PRACTICES MAKE SENSE?

The primary objective of this report is to use data from a study of infant growth and weaning practices in Kathmandu, Nepal, to investigate universal recommendations about exclusive breast-feeding up to 6 months postpartum. A secondary objective is to demonstrate the complexity of the biocultural nature of infant feeding practices. A sample of 283 children under 5 years of age and their 228 mothers living in a peri-urban district of Kathmandu participated in this study. The children’s height/length and weight were measured three times over 9 months. At each session, a demographic, child health and infant feeding survey was administered; between sessions, in-depth interviews were conducted with mothers regarding infant feeding practices. While a few of the infants under 2 months were receiving non-breast milk foods, at 3 months of age half of the sample had been introduced to non-breast milk foods and by 7 months all infants were eating non-breast milk foods. A comparison of growth indices and velocities between exclusively and partially breast-fed infants from birth to 7 months of age shows no evidence for a difference in nutritional status between the two groups. Although there are cultural rules about breast-feeding that vary by ethnic group, all mothers followed a feeding method that depended on their assessment of whether the child was getting enough breast milk. The conclusion is that exclusive breast-feeding up to 6 months may not be appropriate for all infants. In this sample, breast-feeding duration is not shortened by the early introduction of non-breast milk foods, as the median age of breast-feeding cessation is 36 months. One of the main reasons for severance was the onset of another pregnancy. Investigation of infant feeding practices must be contextualized in the local ecology of the population. While cultural beliefs about breast-feeding are relevant, mothers’ individual assessments of their children’s nutritional needs and demographic events in parents’ lives must also be considered.
Changes in headache frequency in premenopausal obese women with migraine after bariatric surgery: A case series

Background: The association between migraine and obesity gives the clinician with an exciting possibility to alleviate migraine suffering through weight-reduction gastric-restrictive operations. We hypothesized that bariatric weight-reduction intervention (gastric banding) will be associated with reduction of migraine burden in this population. Methods: A total of 105 women between 18 and 50 years of age, admitted for bariatric surgery between April 2006 and February 2007, were screened for migraine. Twenty-nine with diagnosis of migraine were enrolled into the prospective phase. We followed the migraine pattern of these patients for 6 months post bariatric surgery. Results: Baseline median migraine frequency was six headache days a month. Post bariatric surgery, the migraine-suffering women reported of a lower frequency of migraine attacks (p < 0.001), shorter duration of the attacks (p = 0.02), lower medication use during the attack (p = 0.005), less non-migraine pain (44.8 vs. 33%, p = 0.05), and post-bariatric surgery reduction in headache-related disability assessed by the MIDAS and HIT-6 scores. There was a reduction in migraine frequency among both episodic (from four to one episodes a month) and chronic (from 16.8 to 8.5 episodes per month) migraine patient cohorts separately and combined. Conclusions: Among migraine-suffering premenopausal obese women, we found a reduced frequency of migraine attacks and improvement of headache-related disability post bariatric surgery. Our findings should be interpreted cautiously. The absence of a control group and the non-blinded nature of our small study make it difficult to draw firm conclusions about the causal nature of the headache changes observed in this population. Further study is needed to evaluate the possible specific effects of surgical weight loss on migraine in obese women.
Bronchoalveolar lavage cytology from captive badgers.

BACKGROUND Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid is evaluated for the diagnosis and study of lung disease and airway inflammation. Cytologic profiles for BAL fluid have not been reported for badgers and may be useful in understanding the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases such as Mycobacterium bovis. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate cytologic and microbial findings in BAL fluid from captive European badgers (Meles meles) and identify correlates with the results of concurrently collected blood and fecal samples. METHODS BAL fluid (by a nonbronchoscopic method) and jugular venous blood samples (for routine CBC) were obtained from 23 captive tuberculosis-free anesthetized badgers on 2 occasions 4 weeks apart. Fecal samples were collected for routine parasitology. Morphologic evaluation and 100-cell differentials were done on cytocentrifuged BAL specimens. Pellets from centrifuged BAL were aerobically cultured for bacteria. RESULTS With the 2 BAL samples from each of the 23 badgers combined, the median (range) cell percentages were 73.0% (5-95%) neutrophils, 7.5% (2-16%) macrophages, 8.0% (0-27%) lymphocytes, and 9.5% (0-92%) eosinophils. Macrophages frequently contained silica-like crystals. Other findings included ciliated epithelial cells, goblet cells, mucus, and Aelurostrongylus sp. larvae. A light growth of Streptococcus, Pasteurella, or Escherichia coli was cultured in 6 badgers. Trypanosoma pestanai were identified in blood from 10 badgers and fecal parasites (mainly coccidia) were found in 20 badgers. No correlation was found between BAL and CBC results and the presence of parasites. CONCLUSIONS The predominance of neutrophils in BAL fluid from badgers differs from the predominance of macrophages found in BAL from other species. This difference may reflect the burrowing lifestyle or the unique immune response of badgers.
Evaluation of prevalence of Candida species in the root canals and oral cavity of children and adult patients.

Background: Fungi are oral commensal in about half of general population and its largest proportion is made up of Candida species. Candida causes wide variety of infections in human beings. Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of Candida species in root canals and oral cavities of children and adults. Material and methods: Swabs from oral cavities of 100 patients were collected and subjected to culture on Sabourad’s dextrose agar and chromogenic Candida differential agar. Results: Prevalence of oral candida in healthy children and adults belonging to control group was 8% and 4% respectively. Prevalence rate of Candida in root canals of children was 4 (16%) and in adults 1( 4%). Out of 50 samples collected from oral cavities of children, 6 (12%) were positive for Candida comprising of 5(83%) Candida albicans and 1(17%) Candida tropicalis. From 50 adult subjects, only 2 samples were positive for Candida i.e 1(4%) Candida parapsilosis and 1(4%) Candida albicans. Conclusion: Candida albicans was found to be the most common isolated species of Candida from the oral cavity in children with or without caries. Hence, presence of carious lesion has no effect on Candidial colonization of oral cavity in both children and adults.
Effects of immune complexes on production by human monocytes of interleukin 1 or an interleukin 1 inhibitor.

The objective of these studies was to examine the ability of phorbol myristic acetate (PMA), Fc fragments, and various forms of immune complexes to induce the production by human monocytes of factors stimulatory to chondrocytes or thymocytes. All of these materials were prepared free of detectable contamination with bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) at the level of less than 0.1 ng/ml. Supernatants and lysates from stimulated human monocytes were assayed for their ability to induce collagenase production in cultured rabbit articular chondrocytes or to augment mitogen-induced proliferation of murine thymocytes. The activity detected by these assays exhibited an m.w. of approximately 15,000, and electrophoretic heterogeneity in the pH ranges of 5 to 5.5 and 6.5 to 7.0, characteristics of human interleukin 1 (IL 1) or IL 1-like factors. Monocytes cultured with 2 ng/ml LPS produced chondrocyte and thymocyte stimulatory factors. PMA, Fc fragments, and soluble, precipitated, particulate, or adherent immune complexes were inactive in stimulating the monocytes. However, complement fixation by precipitated immune complexes did generate activity capable of inducing monocytes to synthesize and secrete chondrocyte and thymocyte stimulatory factors. Adherent immune complexes and PMA were biologically active, as evidenced by induction of superoxide generation in the human monocytes. Supernatants from monocytes cultured on adherent immune complexes contained a factor inhibitory to chondrocyte and thymocyte responsiveness. This factor had a m.w. approximately 22,000 and appeared to inhibit specifically IL 1 stimulation, not interleukin 2 stimulation or cell proliferation. It was concluded that PMA, Fc fragments, and various forms of immune complexes in the absence of complement do not induce IL 1 production in human monocytes. However, complement fixation by immune complexes does lead to activation of monocytes to produce IL 1. Monocytes cultured on adherent immune complexes produce an IL 1 inhibitor.
Prevention of child sexual abuse: Myth or reality.

Programs to prevent child sexual abuse have proliferated as a result of increased public awareness and professional documentation of its incidence. We describe the content and format of these prevention programs in general and examine selected programs for effectiveness. Although there is limited evidence for an increase in knowledge for program participants, most evaluations suffer from basic design problems and present few results indicative of either primary prevention or detection. Overall, we argue that self-protection against sexual abuse is a very complex process for any child and that few, if any, prevention programs are comprehensive enough to have a meaningful impact on this process. Finally, we discuss several untested assumptions that guide these programs. We conclude that it is unclear whether prevention programs are working or even that they are more beneficial than harmful. Language: en
Immunohistochemical localization of O6-ethyldeoxyguanosine and deoxyguanosin-8-yl-(acetyl)aminofluorene in liver sections of rats treated with diethylnitrosamine, ethylnitrosourea or N-acetylaminofluorene.

Antibodies raised in rabbits against the bovine serum albumin conjugates of O6-ethylguanosine (O6-EtGuo) and N-(guanosin-8-yl)-N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene (Guo-8-AAF) have been used in a double peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining assay to visualize the localization of DNA-O6-ethyldeoxyguanosine (O6-EtdGuo) and some of the interaction products of N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene (AAF) with DNA guanine in liver sections of rats treated with diethylnitrosamine (DEN), ethylnitrosourea (ENU), or AAF respectively. O6-EtdGuo could be detected in nuclei of parenchymal cells after injection of DEN (12-50 mg/kg) or ENU (140 mg/kg). Clear time and dose dependencies were observed. The lowest dose of DEN which, at 5 h after injection, resulted in immunohistochemically detectable levels of O6-EtdGuo, was 12 mg/kg; 5 h after 6 mg/kg no consistent difference between treated and untreated rats could be observed. A striking heterogeneity in staining pattern was observed after DEN: centrilobular regions were stained much more than peripheral zones. At 7 days after a single DEN injection of 50 mg/kg small rims of significantly stained hepatocytes could still be observed around the central veins. No heterogeneity of staining pattern was observed 2 h after ENU. ENU, in contrast with DEN, also resulted in a significant staining of nonparenchymal cells. At 24 h after ENU no significant staining of hepatocytes could be detected, but positive staining was still present in bile duct cells, vascular endothelial cells and sinusoidal cells. The results indicate a detection level of approximately 5 mumol O6-EtdGuo/mol DNA-P, i.e., 5 X 10(4) O6-EtdGuo residues per diploid genome. Using the anti-Guo-8-AAF antiserum, positive results were obtained 6 days after a single AAF dose of 0.5-10 mg/kg, corresponding to a detection limit of less than or equal to 0.4 mumol dGuo-8-(A)AF/mol DNA-P. Staining was rather homogenously distributed over the liver lobules. Persistency of the AAF-DNA interaction products was investigated both after 10 and 2 mg/kg AAF. Increased nuclear staining could be observed up to 8 weeks after 10 mg/kg and 4 weeks after 2 mg/kg.
[Antifibrotic effects of oxymatrine in mice with chronic viral myocarditis].

OBJECTIVE To compare the antifibrotic effect of oxymatrine and captopril in mice with chronic viral myocarditis (CVMC) and determine the possible antifibrotic mechanism of oxymatrine in CVMC. METHODS Ninety Balb/c mice were randomly divided into normal control group 1 (n = 10), normal control group 2(n = 10) and CVMC model group (n = 70). The mice in CVMC model group were infected with coxsackievirus B(3) (CVB(3)) on days 0, 14 and 28 to establish CVMC model. The volume of CVB(3) suspension was 0.20 ml, 0.25 ml and 0.30 ml, whose 50% tissue culture infection dose was 10(9) respectively. The mice in the normal control group 1 and 2 were given normal saline of volumes equal to those of viral suspension given to the model group at the same time points. Echocardiography and collagen specific picrosirius red staining were performed to evaluate the CVMC model on day 42 for the mice of the normal control group 1 and 8 mice of CVMC model group. The remaining mice in CVMC model group were randomly divided into CVMC control group, captopril group and oxymatrine group on day 42. From then on, the mice in captopril group and oxymatrine group were treated with captopril or oxymatrine at the dose of 100 mg/kg, by gavage once a day for 28 days, and meanwhile the mice in CVMC control group and the normal control group were given equal-volume normal saline by gastric gavage every day, for 28 days successively. All these mice were sacrificed on day 70. Heart tissue slices were stained with collagen specific picrosirius red and the collagen volume fraction (CVF) was calculated with image analysis software. The expressions of AngII and TGF-beta1 were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. RESULTS Compared with normal group 1, the left ventricular end-diastolic internal diameters, left ventricular end-systolic internal diameters and heart rates were significantly increased in CVMC model group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively), ejection fractions, fractional shortenings and peak velocity of aorta were all significantly decreased in CVMC model group (P < 0.01 for all comparisons), and CVF levels were significantly increased in CVMC group (P < 0.01) on day 42. Compared with normal control group 2, captopril group and oxymatrine group, CVF levels and the expressions of TGF-beta1 were significantly increased in CVMC control group (P < 0.01 for all comparisons) on day 70. The expressions of AngII in CVMC control group were higher than those in normal control group and captopril group (P < 0.01 for all comparisons), but there were no significant difference between oxymatrine group and CVMC control group (P > 0.05) on day 70. CONCLUSION Oxymatrine can inhibit myocardial fibrosis in CVMC, and the mechanisms of its antifibrotic effects might be related with the down-regulation of TGF-beta1 expression.