Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Creatine metabolism in skeletal muscle

MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY and other diseases that affect muscle cause a prominent pattern of change in excretion and in tissue concentrations of creatine.1-'J Included in the pattern are hypercreatinemia,m creatinuria, and reduced urinary excretion of creatinine. "I3 In addition, the pattern may include abnormally low concentrations of creatine and phosphocreatine in skeletal muscle, as it does in muscular dystrophy and in neurogenic muscular atrophy.14-17 The diversity of the diseases associated with this pattern raises the possibility that similar changes in excretion and in tissue concentrations of creatine may arise from dissimilar defects in creatine metabolism. Furthermore, because of creatine's role in muscle, one or more defects of creatine metabolism could be causes rather than consequences of d' isease. Creatine plays a key role in the biochemical adaptation used by skeletal muscle to provide energy for contraction.lsJ0 As a substrate for creatine kinase (adenosine triphosphate:creatine phosphotransferase) , it participates in a reversible reaction with adenosine triphosphate to yield phosphocreatine and adenosine diphosphate.18. 20 The phosphocreatine is then available to phosphorylate adenosine diphosphate on demand to supply the adenosine triphosphate necessary for muscle contraction.21 Skeletal muscle contains approximately 400 mg. of creatine per 100 gm. ,22 and more than half of this normally is present as phosphocreatine. '8. '3 Without a high concentration of phosphocreatine, muscle contraction would be limited and the demand for adenosine triphosphate to sustain contraction might compromise other vital cellular processes. Knowledge of the ways by which high creatine con-
The effect of early institutional rearing on the development of eight year old children.

Summary Fifty-one children who had spent their first 2–7 years in institutions, and who had been previously visited at the age of 41/2 years, were reassessed at the age of 8. Seven children had never left the institutions, the rest had been adopted, fostered, or restored to their biological parent. The children's behaviour during psychological testing was assessed, and information was obtained from their parents and teachers. According to the parents’ reports, the ex-institutional children did not present any more problems than the comparison groups. The teachers, however, found many differences between the ex-institutional children and their classmates. Despite very frequent staff changes, the institutional children were not retarded. The adopted children had the highest mean I. Q, and reading achievements; this finding appears to be related to the higher social class of the adoptive parents and the poorer emotional adjustment of the children restored to their biological families.
A discrete-time fuzzy disturbance observer and its application to control

In this paper, a discrete-time fuzzy disturbance observer (FDO) is developed and its application to the control of a nonlinear system in the presence of the internal and external disturbances is presented. To construct the discrete-time FDO, a novel tuning method is proposed and shown to be useful in adjusting the parameters of the FDO. The tuning method uses the augmented error to guarantee that the FDO monitors the disturbance and the control objective is achieved. The design parameters such as a learning rate used in constructing the discrete-time FDO are determined in a numerical manner by solving a linear matrix inequality. It is shown in a rigorous manner that both the disturbance observation error and the control error converge to a compact set of which size can be kept arbitrarily small. In addition, the relationships between the suggested FDO-based control and the conventional adaptive fuzzy controls reported in the previous literatures are discussed. Finally, some examples and computer simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and the applicability of the FDO.
A method of head pose estimation based on Active Shape Model and stereo vision

This paper presents a method of head pose estimation based on Active Shape Model (ASM) and stereo vision. The relationship between image coordinate system and global coordinate system is outlined in order to get prepared for mapping key landmarks from the former one to the latter one. We utilize Active Shape Model to locate 77 facial landmarks in both left and right images, and implement stereo matching by obtaining disparities directly from the landmarks in the same polar lines. The advantages of the algorithm in accuracy and real-time are manifested by experiments. The head pose is decomposed into pith, yaw and roll, and we use geometric relationship between facial landmarks and the angle around each axis of global coordinate system to estimate head pose. In addition, roll angle compensation method is brought up to expand roll detection range. Finally, we verify the rationality of our proposed head pose estimation method by experiments.
Historical emissions of carbonaceous aerosols from biomass and fossil fuel burning for the period 1870–2000

Historical changes of black carbon (BC) and particulate organic matter (POM) emissions from biomass burning (BB) and fossil fuel (FF) burning are estimated from 1870 to 2000. A bottom‐up inventory for open vegetation (OV) burning is scaled by a top‐down estimate for the year 2000. Monthly and interannual variations are derived over the time period from 1979 to 2000 based on the TOMS satellite aerosol index (AI) and this global map. Prior to 1979, emissions are scaled to a CH4 emissions inventory based on land‐use change. Biofuel (BF) emissions from a recent inventory for developing countries are scaled forward and backward in time using population statistics and crop production statistics. In developed countries, wood consumption data together with emission factors for cooking and heating practices are used for biofuel estimates. For fossil fuel use, we use fuel consumption data and specific emission factors for different fuel use categories to develop an inventory over 1950–2000, and emissions are scaled to a CO2 inventory prior to that time. Technology changes for emissions from the diesel transport sector are included. During the last decade of this time period, the BC and POM emissions from biomass burning (i.e., OV + BF) contribute a significant amount to the primary sources of BC and POM and are larger than those from FF. Thus 59% of the NH BC emissions and 90% of the NH POM emissions are from BB in 2000. Fossil fuel consumption technologies are needed prior to 1990 in order to improve estimates of fossil fuel emissions during the twentieth century. These results suggest that the aerosol emissions from biomass burning need to be represented realistically in climate change assessments. The estimated emissions are available on a 1° × 1° grid for global climate modeling studies of climate changes.
Evaluating Prognostic Markers Using Relative Utility Curves and Test Tradeoffs.

Editor’s note: Statistics in Brief articles are short communications regarding statistical methods or issues. They are designed to alert and educate the readership about a method or issue that may be unfamiliar to or underused by the clinical research community. Each article will serve as a short primer and may refer the reader to additional sources for detailed information regarding both background and application.
Obliquity in Tourism Economics: Smart and Sustainable Tourist Destinations

Obliquity describes the process of achieving complex objectives indirectly. The recent emergence of the concept and paradigm of intelligent or smart tourist destinations has given rise to a proliferation of initiatives to convert many tourism destinations into smart tourism destinations. Such initiatives are often driven by publicly and privately financed technologically-based companies, In theory, the concept of the smart tourist destination includes different levels of action in the environmental, social and technological fields, directed at enhancing the satisfaction and experience of tourists. However, in many practical applications of the concept, only the latter level is addressed, and the other dimensions are neglected. This article argues that smart tourism destinations represent the first real opportunity to make the concept of sustainable tourism operational. This argument is based on the fact that, for the first time, the intensive use of technology involved in implementing a smart tourism destination will enable the continuous measurement of aspects related to sustainability which, until now, in the absence of this technology, were difficult or impossible to measure, and therefore, manage.
Building a Data Management Architecture for Zero-Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities

Smart cities generate large amounts of data from a range of sources, like sensor networks, social media and general citizen-city interaction. In order for the data to be valuable for citizens and decision-makers, the data needs to be managed cohesively. The data should be collected, stored, processed and disseminated in such a way that it can benefit the city, either in terms of providing data for other smart city applications, or through providing information that helps citizens and decision-makers gain knowledge about the city. This thesis proposes an architecture for smart city ICT systems that consists of components for data collection, storage, processing, and dissemination, and detail how these can be built and interact with each other. The architecture focuses on how the collected dat is stored, transformed, and how to effectively disseminate the data to different users. In order to research how well the architecture can be applied to a real smart city context, the architecture is implemented as a prototype for a data management and Key Performance Indicator (KPI) monitoring system for zero-emission neighbourhoods in smart cities. This system is intended for use in the FME ZEN research centre pilot projects designing, creating and testing zero-emission neighbourhoods. The prototype translates the components of the architecture into technological modules that manage the associated aspects. The prototype implements the collection, storage, and transformation of raw data to KPI data for the ZEB Living Laboratory. It then disseminates the data through an open data platform and a web based interface. This thesis shows that a data management system for zero-emission neighbourhoods in smart cities can be built using the suggest architecture. This can hopefully contribute to further the work of creating a full data management ICT system for the ZEN research centre pilot projects and improve knowledge related to smart city ICT architecture.
The Thrill and the Agony of Digital Ecosystems: A Complementor´s Perspective on Co-Innovation Risk

Complementors are the cornerstone of innovation and a vital part for every platform ecosystem. Nevertheless, their perspective is commonly neglected in academic research. By drawing on external resources, they develop complementary products, use distribution channels and benefit from the development of the platform and the surrounding ecosystem. Their accelerating dependence on platform owners, however, has not only created new business opportunities but also introduced essential new risks. These co-innovation risks are especially accelerated by the dominant position of the platform owner and the related uncertainty of the transaction environment. Hence, we apply a quantitative survey among 42 complementors of five leading cloud platforms to explore the drivers of such risk and the role of platform specificity, governance as well as app architecture in such settings. We thus provide valuable insights for both practice as well as theory on platform ecosystems.
Application of piezo-driven polymer microgripper in automatic transportation of micro object

A compliant microgripper system is designed, fabricated, and tested. The gripper mechanism is optimized to achieve design objectives. By employing excimer-laser ablation, a polyurethane microgripper is fabricated. The input-output behavior of microgripper mechanism is analyzed by FEA and compared with experimental testing. The microgripper driven by piezoelectric actuator is finally integrated and the operational behavior is identified. The application of holding and transporting a wire (200 mum) is finally tested.
Toward the Reliable Diagnosis of DSM-5 Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: The Carolina Premenstrual Assessment Scoring System (C-PASS).

OBJECTIVE Despite evidence for the validity of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and the inclusion of the disorder in DSM-5, variable diagnostic practices compromise the construct validity of the diagnosis and threaten the clarity of efforts to understand and treat its underlying pathophysiology. In an effort to hasten and streamline the translation of the DSM-5 criteria for PMDD into terms compatible with existing research practices, the authors present the development and initial validation of the Carolina Premenstrual Assessment Scoring System (C-PASS). The C-PASS (available as a worksheet, Excel macro, and SAS macro) is a standardized scoring system for making DSM-5 PMDD diagnoses using two or more months of daily symptom ratings with the Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP). METHOD Two hundred women recruited for retrospectively reported premenstrual emotional symptoms provided two to four months of daily symptom ratings on the DRSP. Diagnoses made by expert clinician and by the C-PASS were compared. RESULTS Agreement of C-PASS diagnosis with expert clinical diagnosis was excellent; overall correct classification by the C-PASS was estimated at 98%. Consistent with previous evidence, retrospective reports of premenstrual symptom increases were a poor predictor of prospective C-PASS diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS The C-PASS is a reliable and valid companion protocol to the DRSP that standardizes and streamlines the complex, multilevel diagnosis of DSM-5 PMDD. Consistent use of this robust diagnostic method would result in more clearly defined, homogeneous samples of women with PMDD, thereby improving the clarity of studies seeking to characterize and treat the underlying pathophysiology of the disorder.
Investigating the Impact of Accounting Information System on the Profitability of Jordanian Banks

Accounting information system is a system which provides the vital information for planning, organizing, directing, leading and control on the activities of the organization. It helps the administrators to take strategic decisions in the organization. It is an integrated set of physical and human elements that work together in order to facilitate the completion of the operational functions. It is the process of collecting, analyzing and converting data into action. Every organization either small, medium or large organization, profit-making or a social service setup, a public or a private sector undertaking, a manufacturing or a service organization, a local or a global corporation has an accounting information system. The effectiveness of an organization depends upon how well the accounting information system performs its functions. Taking this into cognizance, the present research has been conducted to examine the impact of accounting information system on the profitability of selected commercial banks in Jordan. Data was collected through self administered questionnaires from 206 employees and analyzed with the application of linear regression. The findings highlighted that there is a significant impact of accounting information system on the profitability of banks under study. Keywords: accounting information system (AIS), profitability, Jordan, banks, regression.
Risk profile in women with acute myocardial infarction.

UNLABELLED The studies in the literature of the past years have noticed the particular characteristics of the ischemic heart disease in women, who seem to be lacking early diagnosis and invasive treatment of coronary heart disease. They especially emphasize that the evolution, complications and mortality in myocardial infarction in women are more severe. THE GOAL OF THE STUDY The evaluation of clinical, investigational and therapeutic aspects in a lot of women with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) versus a lot of men with the same pathology, hospitalised in the same period. MATERIAL AND METHODS 78 women hospitalised in the Emergency Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases between 1st January 1999 and 30th October 2001 with acute myocardial infarction. 109 men hospitalised in the Emergency Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases with acute myocardial infarction in the same period. INCLUSION CRITERIA acute myocardial infarction, coronary angiography +/=left ventriculography. The lot of study and the witness lot were divided into 3 subgroups based on the severity of coronary lesions: Group I: left main stenoses, Group II: stenoses >60% on the other epicardial coronary vessels, Group III: stenoses <60% on the other epicardial coronary vessels. The risk factors, clinical data, cardiac performance indices and medical and invasive treatment were compared between the two groups. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS The women hospitalised with AMI were older than men, had more diabetes and hypertension as main risk factors than men, with the exception of smoking, had more frequent heart failure and diastolic dysfunction of left ventricle. The favorite invasive treatment in women was the angioplasty with application of stent and in men--coronary bypass.
Effects of additional feed during late gestation on reproductive performance of sows: a cooperative study.

A cooperative research study involving 1,080 litters was conducted at eight stations to determine the effects of additional feed during the last 23 d of gestation on reproductive performance of sows and on preweaning performance of their pigs. Primiparous and multiparous sows were fed fortified corn- or sorghum-soybean meal diets (14% crude protein). Control sows received 1.82 kg/d from March through November and 2.27 kg/d from December through February. Treated sows were fed an additional 1.36 kg of feed/d from d 90 of gestation to farrowing. Sows were allowed to consume the same diet ad libitum during a 21-d lactation. Additional feed in late gestation resulted in greater (P less than .001) sow weight gain from d 90 to d 110 of gestation (16.8 vs 9.0 kg) and greater (P less than .001) parturition-lactation weight loss (21.3 vs 16.4 kg). Total weight gain from breeding to 21 d of lactation favored sows that received extra feed (27.5 vs 22.7 kg; P less than .001). Sows receiving extra feed had more live pigs at farrowing (10.05 vs 9.71, P = .06) and at 21 d postpartum (8.35 vs 8.06, P = .09), and the pigs were heavier at birth (1.48 vs 1.44 kg, P = .003) and at 21 d (5.37 vs 5.20 kg, P = .006). Lactation feed intake and number of days from weaning to estrus were not affected by treatment. The results indicate that additional feed in late gestation improves reproductive performance in sows. In this study, the cost of an additional 31 kg of feed/sow was more than offset by the value of the additional sow weight gain (approximately 5 kg), the additional . 3 of a pig/litter at weaning and the additional 2.6 kg of total litter weaning weight.
Tendon Transfer for Equinovarus Deformed Foot Caused by Cerebrovascular Disease

Surgical correction was performed on 125 patients who had equinovarus deformity caused by a cerebrovascular accident and who needed an ankle foot orthosis for walking. The operative procedures involved anterior transfer of the long toe flexors (flexor hallux longus and flexor digi-torum longus; long toe flexor group) or lateral transfer of the anterior tibial tendon (anterior tibial tendon group), combined with lengthening of the Achilles tendon. On evaluation more than 2 years after surgery, 83 of 110 patients of the long toe flexor group and eight of 15 patients of the anterior tibial tendon group were able to walk without a brace. Five patients of the anterior tibial tendon group who had shown strong contraction of the anterior tibial muscle during the swing phase before surgery, needed a brace because of a drop foot after surgery. Thus, lateral transfer of the anterior tibial tendon was abandoned in 1984. Recurrence of varus deformity was seen in approximately 15% of the patients in both groups. Anterior transfer of the long toe flexors, using them as dorsiflexor tendons or for tenodesis, seemed to produce better results.
Two related Epstein-Barr virus membrane proteins are encoded by separate genes

The structures of the 2.3- and 2.0-kilobase Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) mRNAs, partially encoded within the EcoRI J fragment DNA of the viral genome, were determined by analysis of their cDNAs. Both mRNAs are transcribed across the fused terminal repeats of the EBV episome and consist of nine exons. The mRNAs are transcribed from different promoters and have a unique 5' exon from the U5 region of the genome but eight common exons from the U1 region. One principal open reading frame is present in each mRNA and is predicted to encode 54,000- and 40,000-dalton integral membrane proteins. This result was confirmed by in vitro translation of RNAs in the presence of canine pancreatic microsomes. The 2.3-kilobase mRNA is not expressed in Raji cells, owing to the deletion of the 5' regulatory and coding region of this gene, whereas neither mRNA is expressed in Namalwa cells, owing to inactivation as a result of integration of the EBV genome via the terminal repeats. Since these mRNAs are readily detected in largely latently infected cells and do not increase in abundance with EBV replication, these putative latent-infection membrane proteins are tentatively designated LMP-2A and LMP-2B, respectively.
Prescribing errors in hospital inpatients: their incidence and clinical significance

Background: It has been estimated that 1–2% of US inpatients are harmed by medication errors, the majority of which are errors in prescribing. The UK Department of Health has recommended that serious errors in the use of prescribed drugs should be reduced by 40% by 2005; however, little is known about the current incidence of prescribing errors in the UK. This pilot study sought to investigate their incidence in one UK hospital. Methods: Pharmacists prospectively recorded details of all prescribing errors identified in non-obstetric inpatients during a 4 week period. The number of medication orders written was estimated from a 1 in 5 sample of inpatients. Potential clinical significance was assessed by a pharmacist and a clinical pharmacologist. Results: About 36 200 medication orders were written during the study period, and a prescribing error was identified in 1.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4 to 1.6). A potentially serious error occurred in 0.4% (95% CI 0.3 to 0.5). Most of the errors (54%) were associated with choice of dose. Error rates were significantly different for different stages of patient stay (p<0.0001) with a higher error rate for medication orders written during the inpatient stay than for those written on admission or discharge. While the majority of all errors (61%) originated in medication order writing, most serious errors (58%) originated in the prescribing decision. Conclusions: There were about 135 prescribing errors identified each week, of which 34 were potentially serious. Knowing where and when errors are most likely to occur will be helpful in designing initiatives to reduce them. The methods developed could be used to evaluate such initiatives.