Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research on Forecasting the Dangerous Level to Illegal Email Based on Integrated Immune Evolution Algorithm

TF-IDF formula can represent effectively the text characteristics; the immunity system (TIS) has many characteristics, including the distributional protection, multiplicity, auto-adapted in the information processing, it is robust and expansibility, memory ability, fault-tolerant ability, dynamic stability as well as exceptionally examines. The paper analyzes characteristics of many illegal emails and researches artificial immune method, and introduces an artificial immune method of forecasting the dangerous level of illegal email, and gets good result
Feedback Regularization and Geometric PID Control for Robust Stabilization of a Planar Three-link Hybrid Bipedal Walking Model

This paper applies a recently developed geometric PID controller to stabilize a three-link planar bipedal hybrid dynamic walking robot. The three links represent the robot torso and two kneeless legs, with an independent control torque available at each hip joint. The geometric PID controller is derived for fully actuated mechanical systems, however in the swing phase the three-link biped robot has three degrees of freedom and only two controls. Following the bipedal walking literature, underactuation is addressed by choosing two “virtual constraints” to enforce, and verifying the stability of the resulting two-dimensional zero dynamics. The resulting controlled dynamics do not have the structure of a mechanical system, however this structure is restored using “feedback regularization? ” following which geometric PID control is used to provide robust asymptotic regulation of the virtual constraints. The proposed method can tolerate significantly greater variations in inclination, showing the value of the geometric methods, and the benefit of integral action.
Supplier‐Retailer Collaboration in European Grocery Distribution

Describes a research project conducted throughout Europe, aiming to establish the extent of collaboration in the grocery supply chain and to quantify the true benefits of increasing “partnerships”. Addresses two of the six areas of collaboration identified by the study: product, and information flow. Looks at the state of collaboration in various European countries, the opportunities presented by the use of electronic data interchange and the potential for cost reduction.
Expression of gonadal steroid receptors in the ovaries of post-menopausal women with malignant or benign endometrial pathology: a pilot study

Abstract This pilot study aimed to investigate the expression of estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR), as well as their subtypes [alpha (ERα), beta (ERβ)], in the ovaries of postmenopausal women with benign or malignant endometrial pathology. Twenty postmenopausal women (age 66.2 ± 7.4 years) were included, diagnosed with benign (n = 10) or malignant [(serous/papillary (n = 4), endometrioid (n = 6)] endometrial lesions. Higher ERβ and PR ovarian expressions were observed comparing women with endometrioid versus non-endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (p = 0.022 and p = 0.029, respectively). Age, age at menarche and presence of hypertension were negatively associated with ERs and PR expression. The expression of ERα and ERβ was inversely correlated with menopausal age, which was not verified for PR. No significant association was observed between ERs or PR expression and benign or malignant endometrial pathology. Higher expression of ERβ and PR in the postmenopausal ovary is associated with the presence of a less aggressive type of endometrial cancer, comparing women with endometrioid versus non-endometrioid lesions. The expression pattern of ovarian receptors did not differ regarding the development of benign or malignant endometrial lesions. Larger observational studies are necessary to confirm the significance of our findings. Chinese abstract 此初步研究的目的是在有良性或者恶性子宫内膜病理的绝经后妇女卵巢中，研究雌激素受体（ER）和孕酮受体（PgR）以及其亚型[alpha (ERα), beta (ERβ)]的表达。 二十名绝经后妇女被纳入了此项研究（年龄在66.2 ± 7.4岁），均诊断出了良性(n=10)或者恶性[(浆液性/乳头状 (n=4), 子宫内膜样 (n=6)]子宫内膜病变。 比较有子宫内膜样肿瘤的女性和非子宫内膜样子宫内膜癌的女性，可以观察到前者卵巢有更高的ERβ和PR 表达(p值分别为p=0.022 和p=0.029). 年龄，初潮年龄和高血压发生与否与ER和PR表达呈负相关. ERα和 ERβ的表达和绝经年龄负相关，但尚未证实与PR是否有关。 未观察到ERs或者PR的表达与良性或恶性的子宫内膜病理具有显著关联. 将有子宫内膜样瘤的女性与无子宫内膜病变的女性做对比，绝经后卵巢中更高的ERβ和PR表达与一种低危型的子宫内膜癌的出现有关。 卵巢受体的表达谱并不随着良性或者恶性子宫内膜肿瘤的病变发展而改变. 更大的观察性研究对于确认我们发现的意义是必要的。
Incidence of respiratory pathogens in persons hospitalized with pneumonia in two provinces in Thailand

SUMMARY Although pneumonia is a leading cause of death from infectious disease worldwide, comprehensive information about its causes and incidence in low- and middle-income countries is lacking. Active surveillance of hospitalized patients with pneumonia is ongoing in Thailand. Consenting patients are tested for seven bacterial and 14 viral respiratory pathogens by PCR and viral culture on nasopharyngeal swab specimens, serology on acute/convalescent sera, sputum smears and antigen detection tests on urine. Between September 2003 and December 2005, there were 1730 episodes of radiographically confirmed pneumonia (34·6% in children aged <5 years); 66 patients (3·8%) died. A recognized pathogen was identified in 42·5% of episodes. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection was associated with 16·7% of all pneumonias, 41·2% in children. The viral pathogen with the highest incidence in children aged <5 years was RSV (417·1/100 000 per year) and in persons aged ⩾50 years, influenza virus A (38·8/100 000 per year). These data can help guide health policy towards effective prevention strategies.
Stability theory for a class of linear nonnegative multidimensional discrete systems

In this paper the general subject area is the stability of multidimensional linear systems. The basis is the theory of a nonnegative shift operator acting on the space of continuous bounded functions given on a locally compact group. Some spectral properties of this shift operator are established and applied to obtain new results on the stability of a class of linear multidimensional discrete systems.
Corporate social responsibility in international trade and investment agreements : implications for states, business and workers

Businesses increasingly engage in the promotion of labour standards through initiatives of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). CSR was traditionally regarded as voluntary and private, however it has become increasingly “legalized” where CSR is shaped by governmental policies and integrates nonvoluntary elements. Even though the effectiveness of such CSR initiatives is not undisputed, it is increasingly regarded as an important element of global labour governance. This paper assesses the reference to CSR commitments in trade and investment agreements and finds that CSR language is relatively weak in terms of obligation, precision and delegation. We then discuss and emphasise the potential to use the mechanisms that are provided in these agreements to activate and follow-up CSR commitments, and what the implications could be for states, business and workers. The paper concludes by addressing the potential role of the ILO in the interplay between soft and hard labour regulations, and its experience in the follow up of CSR.
Statistical device simulation of intrinsic parameter fluctuation in 16-nm-gate n- and p-type Bulk FinFETs

In this paper, we estimate the influence of random dopants (RDs), interface traps (ITs), and random work functions (WKs) using the experimentally calibrated 3D device simulation on DC characteristic of high-κ / metal gate n- and p-type bulk fin-typed field-effect-transistors. We further study these intrinsic parameter fluctuations' impact on drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL). The main findings of this work show the RDF and WKF on n-type device are larger than that of p-type one. The DIBL is dominated by the number of random dopants.
Busulphan-melphalan as a myeloablative therapy (MAT) for high-risk neuroblastoma: Results from the HR-NBL1/SIOPEN trial.

2 Background: The HR-NBL1 trial of the European SIOP Neuroblastoma Group randomised 2 MAT regimens with the primary aim to demonstrate superiority based on event free survival (EFS). METHODS At randomisation closure, 1,577 high-risk neuroblastoma patients (944 males) had been included since 2002; with INSS stage 4 disease (1,369 pts) > 1 year, infants (65 pts) and stage II and III (143 pts) of any age with MYCN amplification. Response eligibility criteria prior to randomisation after Rapid COJEC Induction (J Clin Oncol, 2010) ± 2 courses of TVD (Cancer, 2003) included complete bone marrow remission and ≤ 3, but improved, mIBG positive spots. The MAT regimens were BuMel (oral busulfan till 2006, 4x150mg/m2 in 4 equal doses, or after 2006 intravenous use according to body weight and melphalan 140mg/m2/day) and CEM (carboplatin ctn. infusion [4xAUC 4.1mg/ml.min/day], etoposide ctn. infusion [4x338mg/m2day or 4x200mg/m2/day*], melphalan [3x70mg/m2/day or 3x60mg/m2/day*. *reduced if GFR<100ml/min/1.73m2]). A minimum of 3x10E6 CD34/kgBW PBSC were requested. VOD prophylaxis included ursadiol, but not prophylactic defibrotide. Local control included surgery and radiotherapy of 21 Gy. A total of 598 patients were randomised (296 BuMel, 302 CEM). The median age at randomisation was 3 years (1-17.2) with a median follow up of 3 years. RESULTS At the last analysis, the Peto rule of p<0.001 was met. A significant difference in EFS in favour of BuMel (3-years EFS 49% vs 33%) was observed as well as for overall survival (3-years OS 60% vs 48%, p=0.004). This difference was mainly related to the relapse and progression incidence, which was significantly (p<0.001) lower with BuMel (48% vs 60%). The severe toxicity rate up to day 100 (ICU and toxic deaths) was below 10%, but was significantly higher for CEM (p=0.014). The acute toxic death rate was 3% for BuMel and 5% for CEM (NS). The acute MAT toxicity profile favours the BuMel regimen in spite of a total VOD incidence of 18% (grade 3:5%). Based on these results and following advice from the DMC, the randomisation was closed early. CONCLUSIONS BuMel was demonstrated to be superior to CEM and hence is recommended as standard treatment.
The continuing evolution of a bacterial pathogen

Although Escherichia coli is a prototypic commensal bacterial species of the mammalian intestine and a laboratory workhorse for molecular biology, certain strains of this species are capable of causing significant human disease. The spectrum of disease caused by E. coli includes enteric/diarrheal disease, urinary tract infections, renal failure, and sepsis/meningitis (1). The different pathotypes of E. coli possess genes encoding a wide variety of virulence factors that are frequently encoded on mobile genetic elements such as bacteriophages, plasmids, and pathogenicity islands. E. coli strains can be serotyped as one of >10,000 possible combinations of O (LPS) and H (flagellar) antigens, but one serotype, O157:H7, has achieved particular notoriety as a cause of deadly outbreaks of food-borne illness throughout the world. The work of Manning et al. (2) in this issue of PNAS reveals significant new information on the evolution and genetic composition of E. coli strains belonging to the O157:H7 serotype and reports the emergence of a new variant that appears to cause more severe disease.
Measuring the success of transition: the results of a pre‐study in Switzerland

In 1997‐1998, seven universities of applied science were created in Switzerland. Together with the traditional academic universities, they are among the main pillars of the country’s tertiary education system. These new institutions represent a continuation of Switzerland’s dual educational system and have to position themselves in the education market as such. Feedback on the success and failures of their graduates can be an important source of information for assessing their position and informing policy. The article examines how successful graduates of the Berne School of Business and Administration, a member school of the Berne University of Applied Science, have been in making the transition from the educational world to working life. The study was conducted using salary regressions and an analysis of the appropriateness of the jobs found by the students after completing their studies. All of the data contained herein are based on a survey of people who graduated between 1997 and 1999.
Supply chain process modelling for humanitarian organizations

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a supply chain process modelling method adapted to the requirements of humanitarian organisations.Design/methodology/approach – Empirical research was conducted to identify the state of practice of supply chain management (SCM) in humanitarian organisations. An established procedure was selected, in order to develop a reference task model which forms the basis of the process modelling method. A literature review, expert interviews and other primary sources were used to identify the SCM activities that are required for the reference task model.Findings – An empirical survey revealed that process modelling and optimisation are in their infancy at humanitarian organisations. A reference task model identifying over 100 SCM tasks is constructed. The applicability and feasibility of the developed process modelling method is exemplified by means of a case study.Research limitations/implications – The reference task model provides the basis for further research on.
Review of Major Theories of Skin Aging

Here we aim to describe each factor that leads to skin aging and describe their mechanisms. A PubMed database searches (from January 2004 to March 2014) using aging and skin as searched terms. There are substantial evidences showing that aging is associated with damage from free radicals represented by various reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondria are producers and also targets of oxidative stress. The cycle of mitochondrial dysfunction can trigger the aging process. In the cellular senescence and telomeres theory, the diploid cells exhibit a limited proliferation potential. After a finite number of divisions, they enter a state of senescence with a stop replication in cell proliferation. It is suggested that aging is associated mainly with hyper-regulation of apoptosis. Obesity presumably accelerates the process of aging, which is aggravated by smoking. And the influence of the environment, called solar UV irradiation is of considerable importance to skin aging. There are several mechanisms that trigger the natural aging process and contribute to age-related changes, including oxidative stress theory of free radicals, the mitochondrial dysfunction, telomere shortening, UV radiation and other mechanisms that taken together or alone may or not accelerate the change in skin.
The relationship between lumbar spine load and muscle activity during extensor exercises.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There have been no previous studies that quantitatively assessed the load on the spine during extensor exercises. The purpose of our study was to investigate the loading of the lumbar spine and trunk muscle activity levels while subjects performed typical trunk extensor exercises. SUBJECTS Thirteen male volunteers (mean age = 21.0 years, SD = 1.0, range = 19-23; mean height = 176.0 cm, SD = 6.2, range = 165-188; mean mass = 77.0 kg, SD = 7.0, range = 63-89) participated. METHODS The subjects performed four different back exercises. Electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from 14 trunk muscles. The postures that corresponded to the maximum external moment were identified and quantified using rigid body modeling combined with an EMG-driven model to determine joint loading at the L4-5 joint. The exercises were then evaluated based on the lumbar spine loading and peak muscle activity levels. A reference task of lifting 10 kg from midthigh was included for comparison. RESULTS The exercises involving active trunk extension produced the highest joint forces and muscle activity levels. Exercises involving leg extension with the spine held isometrically demonstrated asymmetrical activity of the trunk muscles, thereby reducing loads on the spine. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION The back extensor exercises examined provided a wide range of joint loading and muscle activity levels. Single-leg extension tasks appear to constitute a low-risk exercise for initial extensor strengthening, given the low spine load and mild extensor muscle challenge. When combined with contralateral arm extensions, the challenge and demand of the exercise were increased. The compressive loading and extensor muscle activity levels were highest for the trunk extension exercises.
The Liability of Auditors to Third Parties in Negligence

The auditor's liability to third parties arises only in tort, as there is no privity of contract between the auditor and the third party. The liability to third parties for negligent misstatements will apply in case involving auditors, as it is the auditing profession whose statements are most frequently used by third parties, however, the principles stated in that case will presumably be of general application, so that they will govern the liability of all professionals to parties other than their immediate clients.
How Giving the Client a Sense of Control Can Shape Clients' Satisfaction and Retention

Satisfaction has been identified as a central determinant of client retention, and its effect on client retention has been intensively discussed within the paradigm shift from transactional marketing to relationship marketing (Cronin et al., 2000). Transactional marketing generates passive, transitory, and reactive relationships with the clients and tends to be short-term in nature. On the other hand, relationship marketing is all about creating long-term bonds with clients to produce stronger, long-term purchasing and word-of-mouth activity. This type of marketing is also helpful to increase referrals and generate leads for the agent.
Knowledge Networks: Differences and Performance Effects

A survey of 141 small & medium sized enterprise (SME) principals reveals two distinctly different types of knowledge networks based upon the principal s perception of whether or not networks provide a significant benefit to their firm. Significant differences exist in the type of information exchanged, the type of networks maintained, and how networking activities contribute to the competitive position and performance of the firm. Firms that see benefits to networking maintain intense and broad networks oriented towards potential knowledge. Assimilating this knowledge, they gain competitive advantage and maintain higher levels of performance. Those that do not see a benefit to networking activities maintain less intensive networks, exchanging experientially based information; information that is 'tried and true" and which can be adapted to incrementally improve their operations.
Evolutionary Processes in Competitive Markets: Beyond the Product Life Cycle

The traditional product life cycle framework has little to say about the competitive processes that accompany the evolution of a market. The first part of the article identifies the major shortcomings of the product life cycle. This analysis is used to establish the requirements for a more comprehensive model that incorporates both demand- and supply-side factors. The second part shows how concepts from population ecology theory can be adapted to satisfy these requirements. With this dynamic theory, specific propositions can be made about changes in competitive structure and performance as the market evolves.
Specific recognition of the leader region of precursor proteins is required for the activation of translocation ATPase of Escherichia coli.

The ATP-hydrolytic activity of SecA protein is stimulated up to 100-fold by the translocation-competent precursor to outer membrane protein A (pro-OmpA) in conjunction with inner-membrane vesicles bearing active SecY [Lill, R. , Cunningham, K. , Brundage, L. , Ito, K. , Oliver, D. & Wickner, W. (1989) EMBO J. 8, 961-966]. This reaction is saturable, with Michaelis-Menten kinetics for an enzyme with two substrates, ATP and pro-OmpA, and is defined as translocation ATPase. Another precursor protein, pre-PhoE, is also a substrate for this translocation ATPase. Neither OmpA nor its synthetic leader peptide are effective substrates for translocation ATPase, suggesting that both domains of the complete precursor are necessary for the reaction. The leader peptide is a potent inhibitor and apparently competes with pro-OmpA for necessary binding sites on translocation ATPase. After a brief preincubation, the activity of translocation ATPase becomes resistant to inhibition by leader peptide, suggesting that the leader peptide is recognized at an early step in the protein translocation pathway. Our enzymological studies show that translocation ATPase recognizes and functionally binds the leader region of precursor proteins.
Genetic differentiation among populations of a Hispaniolan trunk anole that exhibit geographical variation in dewlap colour

Long neglected by classic island biogeographical theory, speciation within and among islands is increasingly recognized as a major contributor to insular diversity. Although the factors responsible for island speciation remain poorly understood, this process appears critically dependent on geographical variation and speciation in allopatry or parapatry. Here, we investigate geographical variation and speciation in a complex of Hispaniolan trunk anoles (Anolis distichus), where populations with strikingly distinct dewlap colours and patterns correspond with deeply divergent mtDNA structure. Using a multilocus, population‐level analysis, we investigate whether these phenotypically and mitochondrially distinct populations exhibit the type of nuclear differentiation expected among species or incipient species. Along a transect that extends across a recently recessed marine barrier, our results are consistent with the persistence of an abrupt phenotypic and mitochondrial transition following secondary contact, in spite of little or no evidence for a reduction in nuclear gene flow. Along a second transect extending across a steep environmental gradient, our phenotypic and microsatellite data suggest a sharp genetic break with little or no admixture, whereas mtDNA recovers a signature of extensive unidirectional introgression. Together, these results are consistent with previous studies of Lesser Antillean anoles, suggesting that allopatric divergence alone is insufficient for speciation, whereas reduced gene flow and partial reproductive isolation may accumulate in the presence of ecological gradients.
Integrating argumentation and sentiment analysis for mining opinions from Twitter

Social networks have grown exponentially in use and impact on the society as a whole. In particular, microblogging platforms such as Twitter have become important tools to assess public opinion on different issues. Recently, some approaches for assessing Twitter messages have been developed, identifying sentiments associated with relevant keywords or hashtags. However, such approaches have an important limitation, as they do not take into account contradictory and potentially inconsistent information which might emerge from relevant messages. We contend that the information made available in Twitter can be useful to extract a particular version of arguments (called "opinions" in our formalization) which emerge bottom-up from the social interaction associated with such messages. In this paper we present a novel framework which allows to mine opinions from Twitter based on incrementally generated queries. As a result, we will be able to obtain an "opinion tree", rooted in the first original query. Distinguished, conflicting elements in an opinion tree lead to so-called "conflict trees", which resemble dialectical trees as those used traditionally in defeasible argumentation. 1