Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dominant Castes, from Bullock Capitalists to OBCs?

Jaffrelot and Kalaiyarasan examines surprising changes in agrarian mobilization in the last decade. After decades of opposing affirmative action, dominant castes are mobilizing to demand affirmative action for themselves. Jaffrelot and Kalaiyaasan show that limited employment generation outside of agriculture, along with agricultural stagnation, has led to economic differentiation among the dominant castes. At the same time, reservations for Other Backward Classes and Dalits have enabled the upper echelons of these groups to earn livelihoods that are more desirable than those of many of the less affluent dominant castes. Members of the dominant castes have responded by demanding to be reclassified as OBCs so that they become eligible for reservations. Jaffrelot and Kalaiyarasan observe that as economic differentiation continues, it will be interesting to see whether mobilization along caste lines persists or whether rural political mobilization enters a new era.
Phenomics: Approaches and Application in Crop Improvement

Phenotype is the combination of genotype and environment where the plant grows. Phenomics is a way of speeding up phenotyping with the help of high-tech imaging systems and computing power. It has been a practice in plant breeding for selecting the best genotype after studying phenotypic expression in different environmental conditions and also using them in hybridization programs, to develop new improved genotypes. Phenomics share the advantages of faster evaluation, facilitating a more dynamic whole-of-lifecycle measurement with improved precision, being less dependent on periodic destructive assays and with reduced need for replication in the field. Phenomics aids to obtain high-dimensional phenotypic data on an organism at large scale with the various tools involved. Phenomics, however is more than just data collection paired with data mining. It is a comprehensive approach that combines systems biology and statistical correlation. Data mining techniques and big data approaches have the power to create knowledge that cannot be created otherwise with accurate precision manually.
A systematic literature review of foreign MNCs’ knowledge transfer in China

ABSTRACT Multinational corporations (MNCs) have played a key role in China’s economic growth. In the new era after China’s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, MNCs have seen unprecedented growth opportunities as well as challenges in China. This systematic literature review of 42 peer-reviewed journal articles from 2001 to 2019 analyzes the factors that have influenced knowledge transfer in MNCs’ networks in China. We identify knowledge spillover and reverse spillover that are critical in knowledge transfer in China. Practical implications are provided for fledgling MNCs that are planning to invest in China.
A Helicopter Tour of Some Underlying Issues in Empirical Industrial Organization

This review considers conceptual issues underlying empirical work on markets. It is divided in three parts. The first part reviews the analysis of demand and equilibrium in retail markets and then considers recent advances in the analysis of markets that require different assumptions: markets where adverse selection and moral hazard may be important, vertical markets with bargaining, and markets wherein a centralized allocation mechanism replaces prices. The second part considers the analysis of cost and production. It reviews the simultaneity and selection issues in production function estimation and then considers the distinction between revenue- and quantity-generating functions and its implications for the analysis of markups, as well as the empirical analysis of fixed costs and its implications for the analysis of product repositioning. The review concludes by considering issues that arise due to the complexity of the empirical analysis of market dynamics and appropriate ways of dealing with them.
Comparison of Sex Determination in Vertebrates (Nonmammals)

The chapter is devoted to the consideration of sex determination in vertebrate groups of nonmammalians: fish, amphibians, reptiles, and birds. Attention is drawn to the fact that all these groups of animals, unlike mammals, are implemented hormonal control options for primary sex determination, and there is a possibility of sex reversion. Determination of gonadal development in vertebrates like testis or ovary was initially controlled mainly by sex hormones (fish and amphibians). Later, various sex determining genes were involved in this process. The system was quite plastic and was able to respond to changes in external conditions (reptiles). The appearance of heteromorphic sex chromosomes (birds) has led to the emergence of some specific W chromosomal signal, which provides estrogen control of the development of a heterogametic sex. In mammals, the control of the primary determination of sex (the appearance of the gonad) becomes purely genetic, and the role of sex hormones is reduced to the differentiation of testis or ovaries.
Global Quantitative Mapping of Enhancers in Rice Genome by STARR-seq

Identification of enhancers has been a challenge in plants. STARR-seq measures enhancer activity of millions fragments in parallel. Here we present a global map of rice enhancers quantitatively determined using STARR-seq. Most enhancers are mapped within genes, especially at the 5’ untranslated regions (5’ UTR) and the coding sequences. Silent and low expressed genes in genomic regions enriched with transposable elements (TEs) are frequently found containing proximal enhancers. Analysis of enhancer epigenetic features at their endogenous loci revealed that most enhancers do not co-localize with DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs) and are lack of H3K4me1. Clustering enhancers by their epigenetic modifications revealed that about 40% of identified enhancers carry one or more epigenetic marks. Repressive H3K27me3 is frequently enriched with positive marks of H3K4m3 and/or H3K27ac, which together may bookmark poised enhancers. Intergenic enhancers were predicted based on the location of DHS relative to genes, which overlap poorly with functionally identified enhancers. In summary, enhancers were quantitatively identified by functional analysis in a model plant genome, which provides a valuable resource for further mechanistic studies in different biological contexts.
ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIFUNGAL, ANTITUMOR AND TOXICITY OF ESSENTIAL OILS OF SALVIA OFFICINALIS, THYMUS VULGARIS, EUGENIA CARYOPHYLLATA AND ARTEMISIA ABSINTHIUM

Prof. Dr. E.S. Nofal, Kafr El-Sheikh Univ. ABSTRACT: Essential oils are aromatic and volatile liquids extracted from plants. The chemicals in essential oils are secondary metabolites, which play an important role in plant defense as they often possess antimicrobial properties. In this study, essential oils of four plants were investigated for their antimicrobial activity against eight bacterial pathogens and seven fungal strains. The used plants were Salvia officinalis, Thymus vulgaris, Eugenia caryophyllata and Artemisia absinthium. All of plants essential oils showed antibacterial and antifungal activities. Zones of inhibition against pathogenic bacteria ranged from 10 to 28 mm and MIC from 25 to 150 μg/ml, while zones of inhibition against fungal strains ranged from 10 to 26 mm and MIC from 25 to 150 μg/ml. Cytotoxicity against Artimia salina and antitumor activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and Lymphoma cell line were investigated. A. absinthium showed the best antitumor activity on Lymphoma cell line with moderate cytotoxic effect on Artimia salina. Analysis of A. absinthium essential oil by GC-MS discovered two major compounds; camphor and fenchone which may be involved in the biological activity of the plant extract.
A Novel Centralization Method for Pipe Image Stitching

The creation of unwrapped stitched images of pipework internal surfaces is being increasingly used to augment routine visual inspection. A significant challenge to the creation of these stitched images is the need to estimate the pose and position of the camera for each frame, which is often alleviated through the use of a mechanical centralizer to ensure the camera is held in the center of the pipe. This article proposes a novel method for image centralization and pose estimation, which is particularly beneficial to circumstances where mechanical centralization is impractical. The approach involves post-inspection centralization of the captured video, by first estimating the probe’s position relative to the pipe, using an integrated laser ring projector combined with the camera sensor, and then using this position to unwrap the image, so it produces an undistorted view of the pipe interior (equivalent to unwrapping a centralized view). These unwrapped images are then stacked to produce a stitched image of the pipe interior. In this paper pose estimation was successfully demonstrated to have a 90% confidence interval of ±0.5 mm and ±0.5° in translation and rotation changes. This pose estimation is then used to create stitched images for both a visual test card image mounted inside a pipe and an aluminum pipe sample with artificial defects, in both cases demonstrating near equivalent results to those obtained using traditional mechanical centralization.
Response of Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus l. Yalova Akköy-41) to Different Irrigation and Fertigation Levels

Received : 22/06/2020 Accepted : 14/08/2020 This study was carried out in the greenhouses of Bursa Uludag University Yenişehir Ibrahim Orhan Vocational School in 2014-2015 to determine the effects of five different irrigation levels (T1: 100% (full irrigation), T2: 75%, T3: 50%, T4: 25%, T5: 0% (non-irrigated)) and two different fertilization levels (F1.0: 100% (100:100:100 NPK) fertigation and F0.5: 50% (50:50:50 NPK) fertigation on yield and quality parameters of okra grown under unheated greenhouse conditions. In 2014 and 2015, the amount of irrigation water in the study was applied as 0.0-380.0 mm and 0.0-360.0 mm for the 100% (100:100:100 NPK) fertilization and 50% (50:50:50 NPK) fertilization treatments, respectively. Evapotranspiration values were realized as 200.0-410.0 mm and 130.0-400.0 mm for 100% (100:100:100 NPK) and 50% (50:50:50 NPK) fertilization treatments in 2014, 185.0-425.0 mm and 200.0-450.0 mm in 2015, respectively. It was observed that irrigation water levels significantly affected the yield, fruit diameter, fruit length, 10 fruit weight, and number of fruits per plant and dry matter of okra. The highest yield averages for both years were obtained from T1F1.0 and T1F0.5 treatments were found to be 14.6-17.8 tons’ ha and 16.8 -15.7 tons’ ha in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Crop response factors (ky) of okra were found as 1.38-1.26 and 1.26-1.41 for 100% (100:100:100 NPK) fertilization and 50% (50:50:50 NPK) fertilization treatments in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The highest water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) values were calculated as 0.036-0.038 kg m and 0.045-0.049 kg m from T1F1.0 and T1F0.5 treatments in 2014 and 0.040-0.047 kg m and 0.035-0.046 kg m from same treatments (T1F1.0 and T1F0.5) in 2015, respectively. The highest T1F1.0 and T1F0.5 values were the closest values were obtained from T2F1.0 and T2F0.5 treatments therefore T2F1.0 and T2F0.5 treatments can be recommended for okra.
A very simple photometer based on paired-emitter-detector diodes

According to the concept of paired-emitter-detector diode (PEDD)-based photometry, a light emitting diode (LED) used as a light source together with a second LED serving as a light detector comprises a novel kind of a photometric device. It has been found that coupling of PEDD with an ordinary multimeter used simultaneously as a power supply of LED-emitter and as an instrument measuring the signal generated by LED-detector allows form a complete, extremely simple, and low-cost photometer. Owing to these advantages such photometer is especially useful for student teaching, although it could be used also for more advanced analytical applications. This paper reports on the set of experiments with a use of the developed photometer demonstrating its practical utility, including determination of selected dyes in the ppm concentration range, pH detection with the use of acid-base-indicators, enzymatic detection of urea, and finally bioassays for evaluation of urease and alkaline phosphatase activities.
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells and CRISPR-Cas9 Genome Editing to Model Diabetes

8 LIST OF ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONS . 9 ABBREVIATIONS . 10 INTRODUCTION . 13 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE . 14 1. Pancreas development.14 1.1. Pancreas anatomy and physiology . 14 1.1.1. Cytoarchitecture of the human pancreatic islets . 14 1.2. Evolutionary origin of the endocrine pancreas . 16 1.3. Pancreatic islet development . 18 1.3.1. Early human development . 18 1.3.2. Pancreas organogenesis . 19 1.3. 3. Endocrinogenesis.21 1.3. 4. Beta-cell specification and maturation . 24 1.3. 5. Neonatal beta-cell proliferation . 27 1.3. 6. Differences between human and rodent pancreatic development . 28 2. Physiology of the beta-cell.28 2.1. Beta-cell glucose stimulated insulin secretion . 29 2.2. Incretins and intra-islet regulation of insulin secretion . 32 2.3. Insulin synthesis and processing . 35 2.4. Beta-cell endoplasmic reticulum stress . 36 2.5. Beta-cell heterogeneity and plasticity . 37 3. Diabetes mellitus . 39 3.1. Type 1 Diabetes: beta-cells under autoimmune attack . 40 3.2. Type 2 Diabetes: exhausted beta-cells . 41
Integrated Conceptual Framework to Explain Online Purchasing Intention in E-Commerce

E-commerce has several benefits with many challenges. The identity of the involved parties and verifying the suitability of the goods is a matter of debate. There is no proper theory to explain this complex online purchasing behavior. A conceptual framework development was conducted specifically to find a model to measure online purchasing intention. A thematic literature survey was conducted to evaluate the theoretical models. The identified factors were grouped and used to build the initial model (Mα) in study one. Technology acceptance models and E-service quality models were critically reviewed to identify a major component in the context of e-commerce in study two. Results from study one and study two were integrated, and constructs were regenerated to build the second model beta (Mβ). The results of the delphi method confirm that the second model beta (Mβ), with minor modifications, was used to generate the third model gamma (Mσ). Further, model gamma (Mσ) was tested utilizing the nominal group technique with industrial experts, and those results confirm model gamma, without modifications, and this was then callled model mu (Mμ). The constructs of the model, Personal Attributes, Social Influence, Advantage Expectancy, Effort expectancy, Facilitating Conditions, Vendor Quality, Transaction Safety, E-commerce Services, Web Quality and Trust had a direct association with online purchasing intention. Furthermore, Vendor Quality, Transaction Safety, E-commerce Services and Web Quality had an indirect association with online purchasing intention through Trust. Age, Gender and Expertise were the moderators of the relationships between the constructs of the model and online purchasing intention.
Beekeeping and the Need for Pollination from an Agricultural Perspective in Egypt

© 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way. Bee World • VOL 95 • December 2018 • Page 107 Beekeeping and the Need for Pollination from an Agricultural Perspective in Egypt
Peran Dukungan Sosial bagi Kesejahteraan Psikologis Family Caregiver Orang dengan Skizofrenia (Ods) Rawat Jalan

Ketidakmampuan memenuhi fungsi secara optimal merupakan tantangan yang harus dihadapi oleh family caregiver dalam melakukan perawatan pada pasien orang dengan skizofrenia (ODS) sehingga dibutuhkan dukungan sosial yang dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan psikologis dari family caregiver ODS. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis peranan dari dukungan sosial terhadap kesejahteraan psikologis family caregiver ODS rawat jalan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan teknik pemilihan contoh menggunakan non-probability purposive sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 57 partisipan. Data penelitian dikumpulkan dengan kuesioner multidimensional perceived social support (ά=0,659-0,757) dan Ryff Psychological well-being (ά=0,855-0,914) yang telah disesuaikan dengan subjek penelitian. Dukungan sosial diukur dari persepsi partisipan tentang dukungan sosial yang diperoleh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dimensi friends berperan signifikan terhadap dimensi personal growth, positive relationship, dan purpose in life dari kesejahteraan psikologis family caregiver ODS; sementara dimensi family berperan terhadap dimensi environtmental mastery. Hasil penelitian juga menemukan bahwa dimensi significant others tidak berperan signifikan terhadap semua dimensi dari kesejahteraan psikologis family caregiver ODS. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dukungan sosial yang dipersepsikan oleh family caregiver ODS rawat jalan berperan penting karena dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan psikologisnya. Hal ini akan dapat mengoptimalkan perawatan yang diberikan oleh family caregiver yang akan berdampak pada proses pemulihan dari anggota keluarga yang mengalami skizofrenia.
Comparison of Soil Samples from Selected Anthropogenic Sites within Enugu Metropolis for Physicochemical Parameters and Heavy Metal Levels Determination

This study compared the physicochemical parameters and heavy metal levels in soil samples from selected anthropogenic sites within Enugu metropolis, Enugu State, Nigeria using standard analytical methods. Soil samples at depths (0 - 20 cm) and (20 - 40 cm) were collected from waste dump sites, metal scrap dumps, fuel filling stations and auto-mechanic workshops and analyzed for physicochemical characteristics and heavy metal levels. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used for heavy metal determination while conventional analytical methods were employed for physicochemical parameters evaluation of the soil samples. At soil depths 0 - 20 cm and 20 - 40 cm the respective mean range of pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter and organic carbon contents in the soil samples were, 6.33 - 6.74, 101.46 - 123.21 μS/cm, 6.41% - 8.35% and 13.73% - 16.14% for auto-mechanic workshops; 6.92 - 7.43, 56.46 - 60.02 μS/cm, 1.53% - 2.20% and 11.93% - 12.60% for fuel filling stations; 7.14 - 7.84, 70.81 - 77.71 μS/cm, 3.81% - 4.12% and 8.57% - 9.24% for metal scrap dumps; 6.54 - 6.81, 94.40 - 100.71 μS/cm, 8.83% - 10.75% and 18.26% - 20.81% for waste dump sites. The pH of the top soil samples from auto-mechanical workshop was below the WHO recommended limits for agricultural purposes. The physic-chemical characteristics of the soil samples decreased with soil depths indicating therefore that anthropogenic activities greatly influence the soil characteristics at the top soils than the sub-soils. The electrical conductivity values of top and sub-soil samples from the studied auto-mechanical workshops were above the recommended limits. At soil depths 0 - 20 cm and 20 - 40 cm, the respective mean range of Zn, Pb and Cd in the soil samples were 17.29 - 19.16 μg/g, 0.704 - 0.96 μg/g and 0.26 - 0.33 μg/g for auto-mechanic workshops; 4.13 - 4.88 μg/g, 0.21 - 0.32 μg/g and 0.03 - 0.11 μg/g for fuel filling stations; 30.02 - 36.11 μg/g, 0.43 - 0.48 μg/g and 0.15 - 0.19 μg/g for metal scrap dumps; 9.30 - 10.84 μg/g, 0.53 - 0.60 μg/g and 0.38 - 0.45 μg/g for waste dump sites. The mean levels of Pb in soil samples from mechanic workshops and waste dump sites were above the recommended permissible limits for agricultural purposes. The study therefore indicated that these sites (auto-mechanic workshops and waste dump sites) could be major sources of Pb pollution to nearby farmlands, streams and the general environment. Plants grown on or around these sites may not produce high yields and could be severely contaminated with heavy metals which portend health danger to food consumers within the environment.
Species Diversity of Lichens in the Sacred Groves of Epirus (Greece)

Abstract: Muggia, L. , Kati, V. , Rohrer, A. , Halley, J. & Mayrhofer, H. 2018. Species diversity of lichens in the sacred groves of Epirus (Greece). – Herzogia 31: 231–244. The sacred groves in the mountains of Epirus in NW Greece have been established during the Ottoman period and consist of locally adapted systems set apart from the surrounding intensively managed, anthropogenic landscape. We inventoried eight sacred groves and compared them with nearby control (managed) forests. In total, 166 taxa of lichens and five of lichenicolous fungi were recorded. The most common lichen species were Anaptychia ciliaris, Phlyctis argena and Lecidella elaeochroma. Seven species are new for Greece: Calicium quercinum, Chaenotheca ferruginea, Chaenotheca trichialis, Chaenothecopsis nana, Leptogium hibernicum, Parvoplaca nigroblastidiata and Rinodina orculata. The sacred groves appeared not very different from the control forests; more pronounced differences were observed between deciduous oak evergreen oak and pine forests. Localities characterized by deciduous oak forest hosted the highest number of taxa belonging to the order Peltigerales, the most frequent were: Nephroma laevigatum, Collema subflaccidum, Leptogium lichenoides and Lobaria pulmonaria, but also rare species such as Polychidium muscicola, Koerberia biformis and Degelia atlantica were recorded.
Corporate Social Responsibility and its Impact on Customer Perception & Loyalty

The concept of business ethics began in the 1960s as corporations became more aware of a rising consumer-based society that showed concerns regarding the environment, social causes, and corporate responsibility. The increased focus on socalled social issues was a hallmark of the decade. Since that time period, the concept of business ethics has evolved. Business ethics goes beyond just a moral code of right and wrong; it attempts to reconcile what companies must do legally versus maintaining a competitive advantage over other businesses. Firms display business ethics in several ways. Business ethics refers to implementing appropriate business policies and practices with regard to arguably controversial subjects. Business ethics are supposed to ensure a certain level of trust between consumers and corporations, guaranteeing the public fair and equal treatment. Corporate Social Responsibility and its impact on Customer Perception & Loyalty Dr. Ashraf Saber Kamel لولأا ءزجلا لولأا ددعلا رشع يداحلا دلجملا 0202 2 This article attempts to analyze the impact of one of the most significant & crucial aspects of business ethics; Corporate Social Responsibility, and elaborates its effects on consumers’ behavior as well as employees.