Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PAPR aware power allocation in OFDMA uplink

This thesis investigates the power allocation scheme and essential design constraints to be considered in multicarrier systems particularly in the case of orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system in multiuser (MU) scenario. The compatibility between multicarrier system and multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system is exploited in designing the power allocation algorithm for a cellular network with multiusers. The multicarrier MIMO system facilitates dynamic resource allocation due to the decomposition of physical resources into multiple domains. The energy efficiency and interference management are the crucial aspects especially in uplink (UL) transmission. Limiting the power consumption of mobile terminals (MT) in uplink (UL) is inevitable due to the limited amount of available energy. Furthermore, the traditional multicarrier system introduces a dynamic peak power variation with respect to average power causing erroneous circuit behavior. This phenomenon is usually quantified as peak to average power ratio (PAPR). High PAPR drives the high power amplifier (HPA) into non-linear region to result in significant degradation in the system performance in terms of power efficiency. In this thesis an iterative power allocation algorithm is proposed to minimize the sum power and PAPR. This thesis presents the power allocation strategy such that the PAPR is controlled during the power allocation (minimization) stage in frequency domain. The optimal power allocation is achieved by joint optimization of transmit power and receive beamformers (TX-RX) using convex optimization technique. The original problem is not jointly convex with respect to TX-RX. Therefore an iterative algorithm is proposed to optimize TX and RX alternatingly such that by calculating TX for given fixed set of RX and vice versa until convergence. The statistical approach is adopted to reduce the PAPR by actually minimizing the signal power variance (SPV) due to the fact that the large number of independent and identically distributed complex OFDMA symbols tends to follow Gaussian probability density function characterized by certain mean and variance. The non-convex constraints in the formulation are transformed into convex form using the successive convex approximation (SCA) with required change of variable (COV). The algorithm guarantees to maintain the user-specific quality of service (QoS) defined by the rate constraint. Hence, equipped with the potentials of future generation technologies and using convex optimization as a tool, this thesis offers a sum power and PAPR minimization scheme for MU SIMO-OFDMA UL transmission.
Multiview Sample Classification Algorithm Based on L1-Graph Domain Adaptation Learning

In the case of multiview sample classification with different distribution, training and testing samples are from different domains. In order to improve the classification performance, a multiview sample classification algorithm based on L1-Graph domain adaptation learning is presented. First of all, a framework of nonnegative matrix trifactorization based on domain adaptation learning is formed, in which the unchanged information is regarded as the bridge of knowledge transformation from the source domain to the target domain; the second step is to construct L1-Graph on the basis of sparse representation, so as to search for the nearest neighbor data with self-adaptation and preserve the samples and the geometric structure; lastly, we integrate two complementary objective functions into the unified optimization issue and use the iterative algorithm to cope with it, and then the estimation of the testing sample classification is completed. Comparative experiments are conducted in USPS-Binary digital database, Three-Domain Object Benchmark database, and ALOI database; the experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, which improves the recognition accuracy and ensures the robustness of algorithm.
Three SPH Novel Benchmark Test Cases for free surface flows.

Benchmark Test Cases have been used by SPHERIC interest group members for the validation of SPH models and their corresponding computer implementations. Since the use of SPHERIC benchmark test cases as validation reference for SPH implementations has slightly declined in the most recent editions, we think it might be interesting to document three novel test cases with the aim of enriching the database with complementary validation data. The ﬁrst proposed test case is a wave impact problem in a rectangular tank. The time history of the motion of the tank and the pressure of the ﬁrst instances of lateral and roof impacts for both water and oil are provided. An analysis of the two-dimensionality and repeatability of the pressure peaks is provided. The second proposed test case treats the coupling of the angular motion of a sloshing tank and a single degree off reedom structural system. Finally, the third proposed test case, is a canonical ﬂuid structure interaction problem consisting in the interaction between a free surface sloshing ﬂow and an elastic body. As both SPH practitioners and experimentalists, regard less of the discussion provided in this paper, we are committed to improving these test cases for future use. We hope to increase our experimental skills and capabilities not only in light of experience from our own simulations but mainly by receiving a feedback from the SPH community
Application of support vector machines in landslide susceptibility assessment for the Hoa Binh province (Vietnam) with kernel functions analysis

The main objective of this study is to investigate the potential application of support vector machines (SVM) with kernel functions analysis for spatial prediction of landslides in the Hoa Binh province, Vietnam. A landslide inventory map that accounts for landslides that occurred during the last ten years was constructed using data from various sources. The landslide inventory was randomly divided into a training dataset 70% for building the models and the remaining 30% for the validation of the models. Ten landslide conditioning factors, such as slope angle, aspect, relief amplitude, lithology, soil type, landuse, distance to roads, distance to rivers, distance to faults and rainfall were prepared. During the model building process, four different SVM kernel functions (linear, polynomial, radial basic function, and sigmoid) were employed and four landslide susceptibility maps were constructed. Using the prediction rate method, the validation was performed by using landslide locations, which were not utilized during the model building. The validation results showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for landslide susceptibility maps produced by the SVM linear function, SVM polynomial function, SVM radial basic function, and SVM sigmoid function are 0.956, 0.956, 0.952, and 0.945 respectively. It indicates that the four landslide models seem to have performed well. Compared with the logistic regression (AUC =0.938) and Bayesian neural network model (AUC 0.903), the accuracy of the SVM landslide models in this study (using radial basic function and polynomial function) are slightly better. The result shows that SVM is a powerful tool for landslide susceptibility mapping at a regional scale. These maps can be very useful for natural hazards assessment and for land use planning.
Stripline Transition to Ridge Waveguide Bandpass Filters

Full wave optimization is implemented to design a wide band transition from shielded stripline to ridge waveguide. A bandpass ridge waveguide filter, with input/output realized through tapped-in stripline is designed. Using rigorous mode matching technique the generalized scattering matrices of all the building blocks are obtained. Design procedure is described and examples are given to demonstrate the features of the tapped-in coupling structure. The tapped-in structure results in a considerable reduction of the filter's total length compared to the use of two transitions.
A review of non-native seaweeds from California, USA and Baja California, Mexico

The seaweed flora of California, USA and Baja California, Mexico is a world-class treasure. The magnificent diversity and abundance of seaweed populations reflect the dramatic sweep of these rich coastal environments and habitats, from the Pacific Northwest to the subtropics, including rocky shores and reefs, sandy beaches, and offshore islands. Novel species have joined the flora, mostly via unintentional introductions of non-indigenous species by humans. Most of the 29 non-native seaweed species recorded from this coast originated in Asia. Many have been “discovered” within the last 30 years. Although the vectors that bring these plants or their propagules to the California and Baja California coasts (international shipping and shellfish aquaculture) may or may not be increasing within that time span, the conditions for the establishment of non-native species seem to have improved. Climate change, including the frequency and severity of ENSO events, may be responsible for creating space, diminishing competition, and permitting the persistence and spread of non-native species. Here we review these non-native seaweed species and speculate on the link between their establishment and climate change.
Checking proportionality for Cox's regression model

Cox’s regression model is one of the most used methods in medical statistics, and the method also finds applications in other fields. The purpose of the model is to explore the relationship between the effect of covariates and the hazard rate of experiencing an event for each individual. By finding the regression coefficients in the model, one can obtain the relative risk for each covariate. One of the crucial assumptions in Cox regression is that the hazard rates of any two individuals have to be proportional, that is, independent of time. The model is called a proportional hazards model when all covariates are fixed. A number of graphical methods and formal tests have been suggested for checking this assumption. An important method for checking this assumption is the tests based on the scaled Schoenfeld residuals (Grambsch and Therneau, 1994). Another method for model checking is the tests based on the martingale residuals which include tests based on the score process (Lin et al., 1993). In this thesis we provide an updated and systematic review of the tests that have been proposed for checking the proportionality assumption for Cox’s regression model and to study how they perform. Simulation studies are important when studying model checking. It give us the possibility to obtain information about the performance and adequacy of the model, and bias and efficiency of the estimated regression coefficient under a variety of scenarios for non-proportional hazards. Consequently, a thorough comparison of the performance of the tests under different circumstances will be performed by using both real and simulated data. The real data used for illustration is the German Breast Cancer Study Data, and we are coming to study the time to recurrence of breast cancer.
Classical and Quantum Dynamics of Twisted Light

This thesis encompasses a body of experimental work on the dynamics of twisted light. We first deal with the generation and reconstruction of twisted light for applications in classical and quantum physics, respectively. In the first case, we present a novel device that has the ability to generate twisted light in a manner that is completely wavelength-independent. Such a device may find applications in various fields of classical physics, ranging from nano to astronomical imaging. In the second work, we study the dynamics of twisted light in the case of laser-induced radial birefringence. This is done by studying the optical features resulting from elastic properties of silver-doped glass. In the last work on generation of twisted light, we present a nano-scale twisted light generator having the capacity to generate an optical mode with a controllable number of twists. In the context of quantum communication and quantum computations, this device has a great potential due to its small size and integrability. In the second part of the thesis, we study the propagation of twisted light both at the classical and quantum regime. In the first case, we observe exotic group velocities of light pulses in vacuum due to the twisting of its wavefront. In the second case, we study the effect of quantum decoherence of twisted light due to the coupling of photonic internal degrees of freedom. We present a technique to recover the lost coherence, which we name recoherence, by a practical unitary transformation.
Estimating the Impact of School Quality, Selection, and Supply on Student's Achievements: Evidence from The Czech Nation-wide Testing of Youth.

I analyze causal relationships in skills formation of 18 years old pupils in the …nal year of their upper-secondary studies in the Czech Republic in late 1990s. I am using rich microdata and two-stage regression methodology accounting for selection and unobserved heterogeneity of pupils. I contrast estimates with spurious correlations and OLS estimates. Students graduating from highly demanded grammar schools - program with general curriculum - show notably better ¯
Volume Epitaxial Growth of Enhanced Mode HIGFETs using Minimal Material Characterization and Rapid Inline Processing to Minimize Risk

Previously, our epi-manufacturing group has reported on the growth of enhancement mode HIGFETs for cell phone applications [1]. Since that report two Emcore E-450 TurboDisk reactors have been installed capable of 5x6-inch growth. Both reactors are qualified to run the HIGFET product with a combined maximum average output of between 900-1000 wafers/week. The original single wafer epitaxial growth tool output was about 150 HIGFET wafers/week. There is a significant possibility of increased scrap events from improper epi due to the increased output of the two reactors, the difficulty in projecting the device electrical parameters from the finished epi, and the length of time between insertion in the line and initial test results. Our enhanced mode HIGFET structure (EMODE) is a fully depleted structure [2, 3] and does not lend itself to many standard production-oriented characterization techniques. Typically, one would use Hall, photoluminescence (PL) [4], and/or x-ray measurements to analyze this type of structure (with higher grown-in charge). These methods have limited correlation in this case [5]. Therefore, to minimize risk, we have developed a basic set of non-destructive characterization tools and coupled it with rapid processing to get initial electrical data. We use a Lehighton measurement coupled with a PL measurement as a pass/fail test after growth. The range and value of the Lehighton measurement can give us information about the charge level in the epi structure in general. We can then use the full-width-at-half-max value of the PL spectra to get information about the amount of the charge in the channel region. In this way we can tell the amount and general location of charge in the structure. Neither test is sufficiently accurate to measure electrical performance absolutely, but is instead useful as a go-no-go to the next step. Once the wafers pass the initial testing they are put into the process line. Rapid in-line results are obtained in four days, which give initial electrical parameter results. Based on these electrical results the wafers are qualified or downgraded.
A multiregional endogenous growth model with forward looking agents

The paper presents a multiregional endogenous growth model designed for calibration with real world data and for numerical policy evaluation. It integrates four strands of research: (1) the celebrated Ramsey model of consumer behavior, (2) Tobin’s q-theory of investment, (3) Romer’s theory of endogenous growth through horizontal product innovation, and (4) the Dixit-Stiglitz-Ethier theory of intraindustry trade. Integrating the latter into a multiregional model is also an essential ingredient of the New Economic Geography. Thus, the paper is related to this literature as well, but lacks another essential feature of this tradition; the model to be presented does not exhibit catastrophic agglomeration. A symmetric first nature will always generate a “flat earth” steady state equilibrium. The model has an arbitrary (possibly large) number of regions with a representative household and a production sector in each of them. There are three types of goods, non-tradable local goods, horizontally diversified tradables, and designs of tradable products that are the exclusive property of their producers (called “blueprints”, for short). Goods are produced combining — in identical proportions for all three of them — four inputs, labor, capital local and tradable goods. Blueprint production benefits from a technological positive externality. Technologies and preferences are uniform across space. Beyond goods markets and real factor markets there is a frictionless global bond market. All markets are perfectly competitive except the tradables market, which is monopolistic in the familiar Dixit-Stiglitz-Ethier style. The engine of sustainable long run growth is the accumulation of blueprints. Agents act under perfect foresight. The paper explains the formal structure, the solution and calibration techniques and illustrates the application by a small example. JEL classification: C15, H54, H71, R11, R13, R53, R58
Livestock Grazing Impacts on Desert Vegetation, Khirthar National Park, Pakistan

Abstract The impact of livestock grazing on desert vegetation in Khirthar National Park, Pakistan, was investigated by comparing dry and wet season plant species composition, richness, cover, and a grazing index for quadrats outside (“open”) and inside (“exclosed”) native mammal breeding enclosures that had excluded livestock for 6 years. A total of 93 plant species were recorded in the dry season, 88 species in exclosed quadrats and 50 in open quadrats. While only 5 species were unique to open quadrats, 43 species were found only in the exclosed quadrats. Species richness was higher in the exclosures because of the presence of more grass and herb species, while grazing was higher in the open. After rain, species richness and cover were significantly higher than in the dry season because of the growth of summer ephemeral herbs and grasses, but richness was no longer different between the exclosure and open treatments. Although some herbaceous species may have been adversely affected by livestock grazing, overall species richness suggests strong ecosystem resilience to grazing, with levels no different after seasonal rains regardless of grazing level. Many grass and herb species absent from open sites during the dry season reappeared after rain, which suggests that livestock grazing may eliminate them as the dry season proceeds, but that a soil seed or bud bank persists.
Quantifying Wafer Charging During Via Etch

A CHARM/sup TM/-2 investigation of wafer charging during via etching shows that wafer surface conditions strongly influence the observed results. Under identical process conditions, bare wafers underestimate the charging results. When wafers are covered with patterned resist, much higher surface-substrate potentials and current densities are observed.
Bootstrapping the Paysim Financial Simulator for Open Source

PaySim Simulator is an approach to the the lack of legitimate datasets on mobile money transactions to perform and experiment with fraud detection techniques. In this paper we used a technique called bootstrapping which uses the synthetic dataset generated by PaySim to build the parameter files that were initially extracted as aggregated information from the original data which is sensitive to share to the public. This way, researchers will have the possibility to generate diverse dataset with sufficient quality to perform fraud detection research on it. This paper explains the bootstrapping approach and in addition a method to properly reuse the PaySim simulator in the same or similar other domains. This is a solution to ultimately yield the possibility to simulate and generate financial transactions in such away that they become similar to the original dataset without any direct connection to the original source.
Overall Control Strategy of Grid Connected to Wind Farm Using FACTS

Voltage Stability is a key factor for the stable operation of grid connected to wind farm during fault through and grid disturbances. This paper considers the impacts of the Static VAR Compensator (SVC) and Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) on stability of the wind farms based on fixed speed induction generators (FSIG) which are connected to power system, after a severe disturbance occurrence. Because of asynchronous characteristic of fixed speed induction generators, the instability in wind farms based on FSIG is severally created by the extreme reactive power absorption by FISG after fault. This phenomenon is a result of rotor slip of FISG increase during the fault, and consequently, the consumption of reactive power is raised. The comparison is made between the performances of the wind farm equipped by SVC and STATCOM to improve the wind farm stability during and after fault. The simulation results show both of the devices can enhance the system stability during and after disturbance, especially when the network is weak. It is shown that the STATCOM have a much better performance as compared to SVC to improve wind farm stability, and provided better reactive power support to network.