Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Image Content-Based Retrieval Using Chromaticity Moments

A number of different approaches have been recently presented for image retrieval using color features. Most of these methods use the color histogram or some variation of it. If the extracted information is to be stored for each image, such methods may require a significant amount of space for storing the histogram, depending on a given image's size and content. In the method proposed, only a small number of features, called chromaticity moments, are required to capture the spectral content (chrominance) of an image. The proposed method is based on the concept of the chromaticity diagram and extracts a set of two-dimensional moments from it to characterize the shape and distribution of chromaticities of the given image. This representation is compact (only a few chromaticity moments per image are required) and constant (independent of image size and content), while its retrieval effectiveness is comparable to using the full chromaticity histogram.
Speed Control and Position Estimation of Small Hydraulic Cylinders for Digital Clay Using PWM Method

Digital Clay is a novel 3D computer input and output device for surface shape and haptic effects. The device consists of arrays of fluidically actuated cells under the control of valves connected to two pressure reservoirs in a manner ultimately suitable to an implementation in MEMS technology. At the current stage, it is very difficult to implement a tiny position sensor into each tiny cell. This paper presents a method of speed control and position estimation for the cells of digital clay using only low cost pressure sensors without any position-sensing device.
Concurrent Treatment of Steroid-Related Mood and Psychotic Symptoms With Risperidone

Corticosteroid treatment is an important therapeutic modality for many pediatric medical conditions including acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, steroid-induced behavioral and mood abnormalities are common and potentially disabling adverse effects that have been widely reported in the pediatric literature. From this case series, we report the efficacy of risperidone in 3 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who developed steroid-related mood and psychotic symptoms during treatment with prednisone and dexamethasone. Risperidone is an effective short-term pharmacologic agent for controlling steroid-related psychiatric adverse effects when cessation or dose reduction of steroid therapy is not an option.
Learning to apply effective cricoid pressure using a part task trainer

Summary An anatomically‐correct model of a larynx inside a head and neck model was constructed so that the location, direction and amount of force applied to the neck could be measured. Fifty trained staff from three general hospitals were then asked to apply cricoid pressure on the model. None was able to state the force that should be applied (30 N), and only five (10%) actually applied cricoid pressure effectively. After training using the model, 45 (90%) applied cricoid pressure correctly (p < 0.001). This study demonstrates that improved training in cricoid pressure is needed and supports earlier researchers who suggested that this can be achieved using simulators.
The therapeutic effect of rituximab on CD5‐positive and CD5‐negative diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma

The prognosis of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has improved markedly in recent years of rituximab era. The prognosis of de novo CD5‐positive DLBCL is reported to be poor, but the effect of rituximab on this type of lymphoma remains unclear. To investigate the effect of rituximab on CD5‐positive DLBCL, we collected DLBCL patients and analysed prognostic factors. A total of 157 patients with DLBCL who were immunophenotyped with flow‐cytometry (FCM) and treated with chemotherapy were subjected to analysis. Those treated with radiotherapy alone or with supportive therapy only were not included. Patients diagnosed in 2003 or later were treated with rituximab combined chemotherapy. There were 95 males and 62 females. Their age ranged from 20 to 91 years old, and the median was 65 years. Nineteen patients were diagnosed as having de novo CD5‐positive DLBCL. Rituximab was given alongside chemotherapy in 85 patients. Of these, 11 were positive for CD5 and 74 were negative. The addition of rituximab improved the overall survival (OS) of DLBCL patients (2‐year OS: 82% vs. 70%, p = 0.01). For CD5‐negative DLBCL, patients treated with rituximab showed 2‐year OS of 84%, which was significantly better than those treated without rituximab (70%, p = 0.008). However, for CD5‐positive DLBCL, the prognosis was not statistically different between the patients treated with and without rituximab (59% vs. 50%, p = 0.72). Although rituximab improved the prognosis of DLBCL, such improvement was restricted to the CD5‐negative group. Further investigation is required to improve the prognosis of patients with CD5‐positive DLBCL. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Engineering to support wellbeing of dairy animals

Current trends in the global milk market and the recent abolition of milk quotas have accelerated the trend of the European dairy industry towards larger farm sizes and higher-yielding animals. Dairy cows remain in focus, but there is a growing interest in other dairy species, whose milk is often directed to traditional and protected designation of origin and gourmet dairy products. The challenge for dairy farms in general is to achieve the best possible standards of animal health and welfare, together with high lactational performance and minimal environmental impact. For larger farms, this may need to be done with a much lower ratio of husbandry staff to animals. Recent engineering advances and the decreasing cost of electronic technologies has allowed the development of ‘sensing solutions’ that automatically collect data, such as physiological parameters, production measures and behavioural traits. Such data can potentially help the decision making process, enabling early detection of health or wellbeing problems in individual animals and hence the application of appropriate corrective husbandry practices. This review focuses on new knowledge and emerging developments in welfare biomarkers (e.g. stress and metabolic diseases), activity-based welfare assessment (e.g. oestrus and lameness detection) and sensors of temperature and pH (e.g. calving alert and rumen function) and their combination and integration into ‘smart’ husbandry support systems that will ensure optimum wellbeing for dairy animals and thereby maximise farm profitability. Use of novel sensors combined with new technologies for information handling and communication are expected to produce dramatic changes in traditional dairy farming systems.
Neuronal activity in the globus pallidus internus in patients with tics

Objective: To explore the role of neuronal activity in the globus pallidus internus (GPi) in the generation of tic movements. Methods: 8 patients with Tourette’s syndrome with medically intractable tics who underwent a unilateral pallidotomy for severe tics were studied. They ranged in age from 17 to 24 years; disease duration was 7–19 years. Microelectrode recording was performed in the GPi. The electromyogram (EMG) was simultaneously recorded in muscle groups appropriate for the patient’s tics. The relationship between neuronal firing pattern and the EMG was studied. Results: 232 neurons were recorded during tics from eight trajectories. Of these neurons, in addition to decreased neuronal firing rate and irregular firing pattern, 105 (45%) were tic related showing either a burst of activity or a pause in ongoing tonic activity. They could be synchronous (n = 75), earlier than EMG onset (n = 27) or following EMG onset (n = 3). The GPi neuronal bursts preceded EMG onset with decreased (n = 6) or increased activity (n = 21). The initial change in neural activity occurred about 50 ms to 2 s before the EMG onset. Conclusions: Although the data are descriptive and preliminary, the tic related neuronal activity observed in GPi appears to indicate that the basal ganglia motor circuit is involved in tic movements. The early neuronal activity seen in GPi may reflect premonitory sensations that precede a tic.
WindSat Radio-Frequency Interference Signature and Its Identification Over Greenland and Antarctic

A detection of radio-frequency interference (RFI) in the space-borne microwave radiometer data is difficult under snow and sea ice-covered conditions. The existing methods such as a spectral difference technique or a principal component analysis (PCA) of RFI indices produce many false RFI signals near the boundary of Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. In this paper, a double PCA (DPCA) method is developed for RFI detection over Greenland and Antarctic regions. It is shown that the new DPCA method is effective in detecting RFI signals in the C- and X-band radiometer channels of WindSat while removing the false RFI signals over Greenland and Antarctic. It also worked well in other snow-free or snow-rich regions such as winter data over the United States. The proposed DPCA can be applied to satellite radiometer data orbit-by-orbit or granule-by-granule and is thus applicable in an operational environment for fast processing and data dissemination.
ASSOCIAÇÃO DE MODELOS DE SUCESSO PROFISSIONAL E GÊNERO ENTRE GRADUANDOS DE CIÊNCIAS CONTÁBEIS

A literatura sobre os estereotipos aponta a questao do genero como a mais importante. Este estudo se baseia na vertente de uma das tres variaveis da teoria do sexismo, o estereotipo, e tem como objetivo geral investigar a existencia de alinhamento entre genero e modelos de sucesso profissional na percepcao de graduandos em Ciencias Contabeis no Brasil. Trata-se de pesquisa exploratorio-quantitativa, adotando-se o foto-questionario, respondido por 768 graduandos: para cada modelo profissional descrito, foram apresentadas duas fotografias, sendo uma de cada genero. Fez-se uso de testes estatisticos para comprovar a existencia de alinhamento entre cada genero e modelos especificos de sucesso profissional, num cenario envolvendo experiencia profissional no mercado de trabalho junto a entidades organizacionais, e na area academica, compreendendo as atividades de ensino e de pesquisa. A maioria dos alunos pesquisados, de ambos os generos, identificou a atuacao no mercado de trabalho junto a entidades organizacionais como modelo de sucesso. A maior parte tambem apontou a atuacao na area de ensino como o modelo profissional menos atraente. Os resultados revelaram um alinhamento entre genero e modelos de sucesso profissional, pois homens e mulheres, em sua maioria, indicaram modelos de sucesso do proprio genero. Na referencia cruzada dos dados, o percentual de mulheres que associaram figuras masculinas a modelos de sucesso foi superior ao de homens que associaram mulheres a modelos de sucesso. Concluiu-se que o sucesso e atribuido de forma mais significativa aos homens, pois homens e mulheres associaram modelos de sucesso ao genero masculino, confirmando-se a escolha de modelos pela influencia dos estereotipos, preconizada na teoria do sexismo.
Stability analysis of neural-network interconnected systems

This paper is concerned with the stability problem of a neural-network (NN) interconnected system which consists of a set of NN models. First, a linear difference inclusion (LDI) state-space representation is established for the dynamics of each NN model. Subsequently, based on the LDI state-space representation, a stability criterion in terms of Lyapunov's direct method is derived to guarantee the asymptotic stability of NN interconnected systems. Finally, a numerical example with simulations is given to demonstrate the results.
[Allosteric enzymes].

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AN OUTBREAK OF EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS IN FREE-RANGING WHITE-TAILED DEER IN MICHIGAN

Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus has been recognized as affecting horses and humans in the eastern United States for 70 yr. Evidence of exposure with EEE virus has been reported in a variety of free-ranging wild birds and mammals but cases of clinical disease are much less commonly reported. In Michigan, reports of outbreaks of EEE virus in equine species extend back more than a half century. We report diagnosis of EEE virus infection of multiple free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from three Michigan counties during late summer of 2005. Infection was confirmed in seven of 30 deer collected based on reported neurologic signs and results from immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction, and/or virus isolation. One of the deer also was infected with West Nile virus and an eighth deer had microscopic lesions in the cerebrum consistent with those reported for EEE. To our knowledge, this is the first report of multiple cases of EEE in free-ranging white-tailed deer, and highlights several issues of significance to wildlife managers and public health officials.
Pragmatic skills in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease: an analysis by means of a referential communication task.

BACKGROUND Disordered discourse in cases of senile dementia of Alzheimer's type (DAT) has mainly been described in conversation and picture description tasks. The referential communication task provides researchers and clinicians with new insights on the nature of these disorders. AIMS To study to what extent persons suffering from DAT can benefit from shared experience through trial repetition to achieve common reference. METHODS & PROCEDURES Thirteen persons suffering from DAT at minimal or mild stage (MMSE score range = 18-27) were compared with 13 healthy elderly adults (64-86 years) in neuropsychological assessment of executive functions and in a referential communication paradigm. To study how the two partners achieve mutual understanding by progressively elaborating a common ground, the task was repeated three times. OUTCOMES & RESULTS Persons with DAT produced a larger number of words than control participants and they benefited from the task repetition. However, they were less able to take into account previously shared information, used no definite referential expressions and were more idiosyncratic in their descriptions of the referent. This decline of communicative effectiveness was found not to relate closely to executive deficits. CONCLUSIONS Collaborative exchanges allow healthy elderly persons to ground reference in common experience. This process is severely disturbed in persons with DAT, in relation to poor memory of preceding episodes or to other cognitive impairments.
Draft Assembly and Annotation of the Pneumocystis carinii Genome

SEQUENCING and assembly of the Pneumocystis carinii genome presented many challenges to currently available molecular and bioinformatic technologies. The unculturable and nonclonal nature of the organism necessitated the in vivo harvesting and purification of the organisms from the rat lung. This resulted in a multi-population organism DNA mix that required the implementation of additional informatics purging processes for contaminating sequences. Sequencing libraries were largely generated from amplified DNA extracted from chromosome bands separated by contour-clamped homogeneous electric fields (CHEF) gels. The A1T richness of the genome (67%) caused cloning inefficiencies resulting in sequence coverage gaps in the assembly (Slaven et al. 2006). Arachne, Phrap and Cap3 assemblers used individually were unable to merge overlapping contigs on a genome-wide basis. We implemented an alternative strategy which took advantage of all three genomic assembly systems. Before the Pneumocystis genome project, limited genomic and transcriptional message sequence was available for analysis. A 32 kb Cosmid (15A06; Smulian et al. 2001), which included 15 genes and 55 introns, was sequenced by us and incorporated in this first version draft assembly (v1). In addition, 24 P. carinii genes containing 94 kb of sequence were downloaded from GenBank and used in the assembly. Seven telomeric P. carinii contigs containing 225 kb of telomeric end sequences were previously sequenced as a joint project by the University of Cincinnati and the Sanger Center (Keely et al. 2005). These data are not included in this draft. All data from our genomic and transcript sequencing and subsequent annotations are available at the PGP (Pneumocystis Genome Project) web site, http://pgp.cchmc. org.
Designing Sensitive and Specific Spaced Seeds for Cross-Species mRNA-to-Genome Alignment

As the demand for accurately aligning gene sequences to the genome of a related species grows with the sequencing of new genomes, spaced seeds emerge as a promising vehicle for increasing alignment sensitivity. We extend the existing {0, 1} match-mismatch models for sensitivity evaluation to take into account the compositional structure of coding sequences and ultimately produce seeds better suited to this particular application. Designing seeds for alignment programs, however, needs to balance sensitivity and specificity. We assess the effects of seed variations on both sensitivity and specificity in an extended model that incorporates transitions and differentiates among the three codon positions, and show that spaced seeds with transitions offer a better sensitivity-specificity tradeoff. Furthermore, we propose a theoretical formulation for rigorously assessing seed specificity, starting from Bernoulli and Markov models of the mRNA and genomic sequences. Within this framework, we perform the first comprehensive analysis of seeds to serve as a blueprint for selecting sensitive and specific seeds for practical applications. Our analyses show that specificity is relatively constant for seeds of a given weight, while sensitivity varies widely, with the highest values attained by seeds allowing a small (2-6) number of transitions.A strategy for designing seeds, therefore, is to first select the weight of the seed by identifying the desired sensitivity-specificity tradeoff, then choose the most sensitive seed(s) within that weight group. We illustrate our methods with the alignment of chicken coding sequences against the human genome assembly version HG17.
Dealing with Imbalanced Problems - Issues and Best Practices

An imbalanced problem is one in which, in the available data, one class is represented by a smaller number of instances compared to the other classes. The drawbacks induced by the imbalance are analyzed and possible solutions for overcoming these issues are presented. In dealing with imbalanced problems, one should consider a wider context, taking into account the imbalance rate, together with other data-related particularities and the classification algorithms with their associated parameters.
A Sparse Graph-Structured Lasso Mixed Model for Genetic Association with Confounding Correction

While linear mixed model (LMM) has shown a competitive performance in correcting spurious associations raised by population stratification, family structures, and cryptic relatedness, more challenges are still to be addressed regarding the complex structure of genotypic and phenotypic data. For example, geneticists have discovered that some clusters of phenotypes are more co-expressed than others. Hence, a joint analysis that can utilize such relatedness information in a heterogeneous data set is crucial for genetic modeling. We proposed the sparse graph-structured linear mixed model (sGLMM) that can incorporate the relatedness information from traits in a dataset with confounding correction. Our method is capable of uncovering the genetic associations of a large number of phenotypes together while considering the relatedness of these phenotypes. Through extensive simulation experiments, we show that the proposed model outperforms other existing approaches and can model correlation from both population structure and shared signals. Further, we validate the effectiveness of sGLMM in the real-world genomic dataset on two different species from plants and humans. In Arabidopsis thaliana data, sGLMM behaves better than all other baseline models for 63.4% traits. We also discuss the potential causal genetic variation of Human Alzheimer's disease discovered by our model and justify some of the most important genetic loci.
Serum Levels of the Interleukin-1 Receptor Family Member ST2, Cardiac Structure and Function, and Long-Term Mortality in Patients With Acute Dyspnea

Background—ST2, a biomarker of cardiomyocyte stretch, powerfully predicts poor outcomes in patients with acute dyspnea, but nothing is known about associations between soluble ST2 (sST2) and cardiac structure and function, or whether sST2 retains prognostic meaning in the context of such measures. Methods and Results—One hundred thirty-four dyspneic patients with and without decompensated heart failure had echocardiography during index admission and vital status was ascertained at 4 years. Echocardiographic and clinical correlates of sST2 as well as independent predictors of death at 4 years were identified. sST2 correlated with left ventricular end-systolic dimensions/volumes and left ventricular ejection fraction. sST2 was inversely associated with right ventricular fractional area change (&rgr;=−0.18; P=0.046), higher right ventricular systolic pressure (&rgr;=0.26; P=0.005), and right ventricular hypokinesis (P<0.001) and was correlated with tissue Doppler Ea wave peak velocity, but not to other indices of diastolic function. In multivariate regression, independent predictors of sST2 included right ventricular systolic pressure (t=2.29; P=0.002), left ventricular ejection fraction (t=−2.15; P=0.05) and dimensions (end systolic, t=2.57; end diastolic, t=2.98; both P<0.05), amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (t=3.31; P=0.009), heart rate (t=2.59; P=0.01), and presence of jugular venous distension (t=2.00; P=0.05). In a Cox proportional hazards model that included echocardiographic results and other biomarkers, sST2 independently predicted death at 4 years (hazard ratio=2.70; P=0.003). Conclusions—Among dyspneic patients with and without acute heart failure, sST2 concentrations are associated with prevalent cardiac abnormalities on echocardiography, a more decompensated hemodynamic profile and are associated with long-term mortality, independent of echocardiographic, clinical, or other biochemical markers of risk.