Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Complex Lithospheric Deformation in Eastern and Northeastern Tibet From Shear Wave Splitting Observations and Its Geodynamic Implications

The eastern and northeastern Tibetan Plateau is a key region to study the growth and expansion of the plateau and associated extrusion tectonics. We studied the seismic anisotropic structure in this region by shear wave splitting analysis of teleseismic records from a dense linear seismic array, to constrain the lithospheric deformation and processes. We detected small‐scale variations in anisotropy, including changes of splitting parameters around major faults and different anisotropy patterns among individual tectonic blocks and units but with consistent interior features. Our results combined with previous observations suggest that, in addition to the dominant effects of lateral extrusion induced by the India‐Eurasia collision, major faults and tectonic heterogeneity may have also exerted significant impacts on the deformation and thus anisotropic structure of the lithosphere. In particular, we constructed two‐layer anisotropy models for both the Longmenshan subblock in the easternmost Songpan‐Ganzi terrane and the western Qinling orogen, indicating crust‐mantle decoupling in these areas. The lower anisotropic layer of both areas shows a general NW‐SE fast polarization direction. We attribute this feature to the large‐scale mantle deformation, due to the lateral extrusion of Tibet associated with the India‐Eurasia collision. The upper‐layer anisotropy in both areas features an optimal NEE‐SWW fast polarization direction. While in the Longmenshan subblock it may stem from crustal deformation under the combined effects of middle‐lower crustal flow, faulting, and tectonic heterogeneity, that in the western Qinling orogen is probably resulted from shearing caused by upper crustal displacement along a midcrustal detachment.
Similarities between Indian oil sardine Sardinella longiceps Valenciennes, 1847 and global sardine fisheries and its management

Small pelagic fishes categorized as Herrings, Anchovies and Sardine (HAS) in FAO fisheries statistics have contributed to world fish landings considerably; ranging from 42.7% of the world marine fish production in 1964 and to a low of 19% in 2014. An analysis of commercially important sardine fishery across the globe during last six decades from 1956 to 2015 was attempted which indicated that there is considerable variation in the magnitude of production between countries and species. Comparison of variation in fishery of four species of Sardinops, one species of Sardina and seven species of Sardinella clearly indicated that the landing of oil sardine (Sardinella longiceps) from the Indian sub-continent is considerably higher than that of most major sardine species across the globe. During the last decade (2006 to 2015), the average landing of oil sardine was 0.50 x 106 tonnes and was ranked second among sardine group, first being Sardina pilchardus (1.11 x 106 tonnes). In the present manuscript, the spatial pattern of the contribution of each country to world sardine production (long term and decadal average) and its deviation have been plotted on a GIS platform. The extensive investigations spanning over 60 years on the large scale fluctuations on sardine -anchovy fisheries in the Pacific and Atlantic has identified impacts of regime shifts and other environmental variations, eco-biological changes, overfishing or a combination of all these on the decline and revival of sardine biomasses. Similar detailed investigations covering larval ecology and sardine habitat variations are yet to be attempted for the tropical Asian sardine resources. Considering the global significance of oil sardine population along the coastal upwelling zone of south-eastern Arabian Sea, it is suggested that collaborative integrated research on small pelagics of Southeast Asia be planned and developed to increase the efficiency of predictive modelling. The various management measures adopted globally for sardines is also presented which would support decision making for planners to support the livelihood of fishers when sardine stocks decline drastically.
Spatial-temporal reconstruction of Amazon flood pulse and dry season length over the past century using tree rings and isotopes of floodplain tree species Macrolobium acaciifolium

Climate observations for the Amazon Basin indicate the dry season is becoming drier and longer over recent decades. However, long-term climate data to put these trends in perspective are scarce for most of the Basin, thus hindering our understanding of spatial and temporal variability of the dry season in the Amazon region. I explored the potential of using tree ring-widths and oxygen isotopes in tree rings (d18OTR) of the floodplain tree species Macrolobium acaciifolium as a proxy for past climate conditions during the dry and transitional seasons, the growth period for floodplain trees. I sampled and analyzed wood cores of M. acaciifolium trees from floodplain forests located in western, central and southwest Amazon. M. acaciifolium presented clear ring definitions, but also frequent false rings requiring careful wood anatomic analysis and cross-dating. Despite these limitations, ring-formation dates estimated by cross-dating of ring-widths closely matched bomb-peak radiocarbon dating of tree-rings. Analysis of climate signals in ring-widths and d18OTR revealed potential for reconstruction of past dry season climate conditions, but the strength and nature of climate relationships differed between sites. Ring-width chronologies showed stronger climatic signals at sites located in smaller river catchments from western and southwestern Amazon, where the terrestrial phase of the trees coincided with the peak of the dry season. In contrast, d18OTR chronologies showed stronger climatic signals at the sites in western and central Amazon where growing conditions/seasons are wetter. Long-term increases in d18OTR since 1970 suggest there has been a drying trend during the dry season of the Amazon Basin, consistent with climate observations for this period. This Thesis shows that floodplain trees growing at sites in smaller catchments with mild dry seasons have the greatest potential as proxies for dry season climate. More studies exploring potentials of different floodplain species, including slow-growing old trees, are recommended.
Innovation and ecological impact: the case of automobility

This chapter is concerned with innovation and sustainability in the automotive industry. It argues that growth in car ownership and use has overwhelmed incremental performance improvements in the efficiency of cars achieved through technological innovation. Consequently, deep and enduring reductions in carbon emissions and other ecological burdens are only likely if radical technical change is accompanied by and enabled through fundamental business model innovation which transforms the relationship between production and consumption in the realm of automobility. The chapter argues that the automotive industry is at the precipice of just such a transformation but that resistance and inertia in multiple aspects of the automobility system still act to retard the pace of change. Disruptive new entrants have also failed to destabilize the industry. Overall, a greater sense of policy urgency is needed along with a willingness to accept short-term economic losses as the industry transforms.
Correlation of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Indices with Histological Parameters in Rat Cervical Spinal Cord Gray Matter Following Distal Contusion Spinal Cord Injury

CORRELATION OF DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING INDICES WITH HISTOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN RAT CERVICAL SPINAL CORD GRAY MATTER FOLLOWING DISTAL CONTUSION SPINAL CORD INJURY Robin E. Mottackel, B.E. Marquette University, 2010 The purpose of this study was to delineate the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters across the cervical spinal cord gray matter (GM) in a distal (T8) rat contusion spinal cord injury (SCI) model. DTI data were obtained from ex vivo rat spinal cor ds and registered to corresponding histological slices in samples from the acute thr ough chronic stages of SCI including uninjured control, 2 weeks post injury, 15 weeks post injury and 25 weeks post injury groups (n = 5 in all groups). After imaging, samples were dehydrated, blocked in paraffin, sliced axially and stained with eriochrome c yanine R stain and H&E counter-stain. A corresponding sample was post fixed with osmium tetroxide and stained with toluidine blue. Histology images of the eriochrome cyanine R stained and H&E counter-stained slices were captured at 4x and then segmented i nto white matter (WM) and GM and dorsal and ventral GM using a custom cluster a nalysis. Using whole cord templates, DTI images for each animal were then regis te d to the corresponding histology images. The WM and the GM regions of interest (ROI) histological templates were then used to map DTI indices, including fractional anisotropy (FA), longitudinal apparent diffusion coefficient (lADC) and transverse apparent diffusion coefficient (tADC) across the GM. The average values for each index wer also calculated in predefined gray matter ROIs. Histology images of the a bove mentioned ROIs were captured at 40x resolution using the toluidine blue stained slices for t he control and post injury groups (n=4). Motoneuron size in the ventral GM was calculated for each of the control and post injury groups. It was observed that the FA and lADC values in the dorsal GM ROI were significantly higher than that in the ventral G M ROI in controls, fifteen weeks post injury and twenty five weeks post injury groups (P < 0.05). The overall GM FA value at twenty five weeks was significantly higher than t e FA value at two weeks post injury ( P < 0.05) and the FA value in controls ( P < 0.05). Group analysis of the size of the motor neurons showed a 9% increase in the motoneuron size at two weeks ( P < 0.01) and 42% increase at twenty five weeks ( P < 0.01) post injury as compared to controls. The motor neurons also showed a significant increase in size at twenty five weeks post injury ( P < 0.01) as compared to the motor neuron size at two weeks post injury. These results indicate changes in gray matter structure rostral to a contusion injury that can be detected and monitored using DTI.
Exploring the Dynamics of Spatial Structure Using an Interaction Pattern(The Case of Mashhad Metropolitan Region, Iran)

In recent decades, remarkable changes have occurred in the spatial structure of metropolitan regions, creating a discontinuous, scattered and polycentric development which have significant implications for commuting patterns. This study examines the dynamics of the spatial structure using an interaction pattern in Mashhad Metropolitan Region (MMR). Four dimensions-centrality and dominance, network cohesion, interaction strength and levels and hierarchy-were used to analyze people flows in 1999, 2007 and 2012, showing that the interaction between Mashhad and other cities in the MMR have increased over the time. The results show that the spatial structure of MMR is monocentric with traditional interaction patterns, in which Mashhad is the central node of the region and other cities are dispersed in MMR. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt an integrated approach to develop a polycentric metropolitan region in order to protect the environment and reinforce inter-city relationships, manage travel demand, reduce unnecessary trips, and restrict sprawl. These policies are led to more convergence and polycentric development.
The evolution of a near‐surface ground thermal regime and modeled active‐layer thickness on James Ross Island, Eastern Antarctic Peninsula, in 2006–2016

Thermal regime and thickness of the active layer respond rapidly to climate variations, and thus they are important measures of cryosphere changes in polar environments. We monitored air temperature and ground temperature at a depth of 5 cm and modeled active‐layer thickness using the Stefan and Kudryavtsev models at the Abernethy Flats site, James Ross Island, Eastern Antarctic Peninsula, in the period March 2006 to February 2016. The decadal average of air and ground temperature was −7.3 and −6.1°C, respectively, and the average modeled active‐layer thickness reached 60 cm. Mean annual air temperature increased by 0.10°C y−1 over the study period, while mean annual ground temperature showed the opposite tendency of −0.05°C y−1. The cooling took place mainly in summer and caused thawing season shortening and active‐layer thinning of 1.6 cm y−1. However, these trends need to be taken carefully because all were non‐significant at p < 0.05. The Stefan and Kudryavtsev models reproduced the active‐layer thickness with mean absolute errors of 2.6 cm (5.0%) and 3.4 cm (5.9%), respectively, which is better than in most previous studies, making them promising tools for active‐layer modeling over Antarctica.
A formative evaluation of pre-service suicide prevention training in CACREP accredited school counseling programs

approved: Daleizabeth Pehrsson Suicide is currently the third leading cause of death for adolescents ages 1524. While much attention has been given to this topic, no research has examined what specific information is being taught to pre-service school counselors. The purpose of this descriptive study was to evaluate the pre-service suicide prevention training in CACREP accredited school counseling programs. Fifteen areas of suicide prevention were assessed. The participants were 89 CACREP accredited programs. The instrument utilized was entitled Suicide Prevention Survey, and included fifteen areas of suicide prevention that could be included in program curriculum. The results were analyzed using frequencies and measures of central tendency. Respondents to the survey indicated that no CACREP programs offer a required course in suicide prevention. However, the issues of suicide were reported as being addressed in 39 different required and elective courses. Four percent (n=9) of the programs reported covering all fifteen categories included in the survey. One program reported coverage in area of suicide was non-existent. Implications for CACREP accredited programs as well as recommendations for future research is given. Redacted for Privacy © Copyright by Terrie J. House April 30, 2003 All Rights Reserved A Formative Evaluation of Pre-Service Suicide Prevention Training in CACREP Accredited School Counseling Programs
Editorial: Updates on epigenetic regulation of endocrine disorders with polygenic traits: What is new?

COPYRIGHT © 2022 Uçar, Binay and Mallick. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. TYPE Editorial PUBLISHED 17 November 2022 DOI 10.3389/fendo.2022. 1073226
Prognostic factor testing among older women with ductal carcinoma in situ and early invasive breast cancer

Rates of testing varied significantly across race groups for all tests. However, the pattern of change differed between tests. The American Cancer Society estimates that in the United States in 2012, 229,060 new cases of invasive breast cancer were diagnosed, and 39,920 people died of the disease. In the same year, approximately 63,300 women were diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast.1 DCIS is noninvasive breast cancer representing a wide a variety of cell abnormalities confined to the ducts of the breast.2 While we do not know the percentage of DCIS cases that will progress to invasive breast cancer, many studies suggest that women diagnosed with DCIS are at high risk for invasive breast cancer (see Virnig, Shamliyan, et al., for a review). 3
Forest Damage Assessment Using Deep Learning on High Resolution Remote Sensing Data

Storms can cause significant damage to forest areas, affecting biodiversity and infrastructure and leading to economic loss. Thus, rapid detection and mapping of windthrows are crucially important for forest management. Recent advances in computer vision have led to highly-accurate image classification algorithms such as Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures. In this study, we tested and implemented an algorithm based on CNNs in an ArcGIS environment for automatic detection and mapping of damaged areas. The algorithm was trained and tested on a forest area in Bavaria, Germany. It is a based on a modified U-Net architecture that was optimized for the pixelwise classification of multispectral aerial remote sensing data. The neural network was trained on labeled damaged areas from after-storm aerial orthophotos of a ca. 109 k m 2 forest area with RGB and NIR bands and 0.2-m spatial resolution. Around 10 7 pixels of labeled data were used in the process. Once the network is trained, predictions on further datasets can be computed within seconds, depending on the size of the input raster and the computational power used. The overall accuracy on our test dataset was 92 % . During visual validation, labeling errors were found in the reference data that somewhat biased the results because the algorithm in some instance performed better than the human labeling procedure, while missing areas affected by shadows. Our results are very good in terms of precision, and the methods introduced in this paper have several additional advantages compared to traditional methods: CNNs automatically detect high- and low-level features in the data, leading to high classification accuracies, while only one after-storm image is needed in comparison to two images for approaches based on change detection. Furthermore, flight parameters do not affect the results in the same way as for approaches that require DSMs and DTMs as the classification is only based on the image data themselves, and errors occurring in the computation of DSMs and DTMs do not affect the results with respect to the z component. The integration into the ArcGIS Platform allows a streamlined workflow for forest management, as the results can be accessed by mobile devices in the field to allow for high-accuracy ground-truthing and additional mapping that can be synchronized back into the database. Our results and the provided automatic workflow highlight the potential of deep learning on high-resolution imagery and GIS for fast and efficient post-disaster damage assessment as a first step of disaster management.
Cognitive and Behavioral Effects of Social Skills Training on Greek and Lebanese Elementary-School Children

Steadily accumulating evidence that unsuccessful early peer relations constitute a risk for later mental and behavioral problems [1-3] has motivated increasing efforts to identify relevant social skills [4], design effective interventions [5], and expand relevant social skills training [6]. In typical school populations, it is the "rejected" and possibly "neglected" children who are at risk [7]; but for children in areas of war and political violence, the risk may be much greater. We have pointed out the potential, in such circumstances, for socializing new generations of youngsters into a tradition of aggression and violence [8]. Within this context, we have judged that interventive action can serve to counteract some of the negative, destructive influences that tend to dominate the lives of children in conflict situations. The Conflict Control Program, the topic of this report, was planned as a classroom-based, teacher-administered intervention
Place-based Coastal Tourism Impacts and Residents’ Quality of Life: A Case of Mirissa Coast, Sri Lanka

Tourism, particularly coastal tourism is conceived as instrumental in transforming the society economy and the environment of a locality. Beyond the research on environmental dimension, only a limited number of empirical work could be noted on its impact on the social dimension-Quality of Life (QOL) of a community. Further, the available studies are mostly descriptive and explored residents' perceptions of the impacts and resultant attitudes on QOL, and thus, of limited use for planning purposes. Therefore, this research examines the impacts of coastal tourism on quality of life of residents and its spatial variations as observed in Mirissa, a popular tourist destination in Sri Lanka. Both descriptive statistics and spatial interpolation methods are used to measure the impact of tourism on quality of life. The data was obtained from a questionnaire survey, interviews and observations. The research finds that coastal tourism impacts positively on the quality of life of the residents at the beginning stage of tourism development. There is a spatial variation of perceived quality of life in different parts of the tourism development area, experiencing more dispersed pattern towards the country side.
Avances en el conocimiento de la vaca lechera durante el período de transición en Uruguay: un enfoque multidisciplinario

La transicion del estado prenada no lactante al no prenado lactante es un periodo de cambios drasticos para la vaca, la cual debe adaptar su metabolismo a las fuertes exigencias que le demanda la produccion. Del equilibrio con que la vaca resuelva este proceso dependera la capacidad de maximizar la produccion y la calidad de la leche, de evitar enfermedades metabolicas y asegurar la siguiente prenez. La mejora nutricional, la seleccion genetica y el manejo animal han aumentado la produccion de leche en las ultimas decadas, y esto se asocia a una disminucion del desempeno reproductivo y al aumento de problemas sanitarios. Esta revision resume trabajos realizados en los ultimos anos en Uruguay, enfatizando en el manejo diferencial de nutrientes, la respuesta en comportamiento ingestivo, los mecanismos endocrino-moleculares de la particion de nutrientes y su relacion con la fertilidad en vacas lecheras. Se reportan experimentos que estudian la eficiencia productiva de diferentes biotipos lecheros y razas. Se describen trabajos en salud que identifican el periodo de transicion como periodo de riesgo a enfermedades metabolicas, infecto-contagiosas y traumaticas. Se concluye que los estudios integrados en problemas de relevancia nacional es la respuesta necesaria a sistemas biologicos complejos como lo es la vaca lechera durante el periodo de transicion en pastoreo.
Access Is Key: Teaching Students and Physical Therapists to Access Evidence, Expert Opinion, and Patient Values for Evidence‐Based Practice

Background and Purpose. Access to literature that supports evidence‐based practice (EBP), including identification and retrieval, is essential to implementation of EBP in physical therapy. This article will discuss the importance of teaching access to EBP resources, discuss resources to identify and retrieve evidence‐based literature, and outline strategies for teaching access of EBP literature in physical therapy education. With the rapid growth in physical therapy articles, access to the literature is essential, including a significant role for electronic access. Methods and Materials. A review of the physical therapy and rehabilitation literature was completed with an informal listserv survey to characterize common methods and strategies used to teach access to the EBP information in physical therapy education programs. Summary of the Literature. The importance of teaching access to EBP information is discussed. A variety of sources that can be used to identify applicable articles are summarized. Options for retrieval of those articles including specific search strategies are discussed as well as barriers to access. Specific strategies and instructional activities for teaching access to EBP information and teaching resources are described. Discussion and Conclusion. Tremendous potential exists for improved patient care as students and physical therapists are instructed in EBP. Access to evidence‐based literature is a foundational prerequisite for application of EBP and will result in optimal clinical outcomes.