Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nuclear ADP-Ribosylation Reactions in Mammalian Cells: Where Are We Today and Where Are We Going?

SUMMARY Since poly-ADP ribose was discovered over 40 years ago, there has been significant progress in research into the biology of mono- and poly-ADP-ribosylation reactions. During the last decade, it became clear that ADP-ribosylation reactions play important roles in a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological processes, including inter- and intracellular signaling, transcriptional regulation, DNA repair pathways and maintenance of genomic stability, telomere dynamics, cell differentiation and proliferation, and necrosis and apoptosis. ADP-ribosylation reactions are phylogenetically ancient and can be classified into four major groups: mono-ADP-ribosylation, poly-ADP-ribosylation, ADP-ribose cyclization, and formation of O-acetyl-ADP-ribose. In the human genome, more than 30 different genes coding for enzymes associated with distinct ADP-ribosylation activities have been identified. This review highlights the recent advances in the rapidly growing field of nuclear mono-ADP-ribosylation and poly-ADP-ribosylation reactions and the distinct ADP-ribosylating enzyme families involved in these processes, including the proposed family of novel poly-ADP-ribose polymerase-like mono-ADP-ribose transferases and the potential mono-ADP-ribosylation activities of the sirtuin family of NAD+-dependent histone deacetylases. A special focus is placed on the known roles of distinct mono- and poly-ADP-ribosylation reactions in physiological processes, such as mitosis, cellular differentiation and proliferation, telomere dynamics, and aging, as well as “programmed necrosis” (i.e., high-mobility-group protein B1 release) and apoptosis (i.e., apoptosis-inducing factor shuttling). The proposed molecular mechanisms involved in these processes, such as signaling, chromatin modification (i.e., “histone code”), and remodeling of chromatin structure (i.e., DNA damage response, transcriptional regulation, and insulator function), are described. A potential cross talk between nuclear ADP-ribosylation processes and other NAD+-dependent pathways is discussed.
Developing a living HCI curriculum to support a global community

ACM SIGCHI supports research to understand the philosophies and practices that inform HCI education in order to support a broad community of students, academics, and industry practitioners around the globe. This workshop builds on 3 years of research and collaboration to engage the HCI community in developing a living curriculum for HCI. This includes selecting the platforms and tools required to support a community, defining the parameters of content generation and community participation, and identifying existing and new collaborators to support this ambitious work.
Erfolgsfaktoren für regionale Vermarktungsprojekte im Ökologischen Landbau

Unter den vielen, in den letzten Jahren entstandenen regionalen Vermarktungskooperationen zwischen LandwirtInnen bzw. zwischen LandwirtInnen sowie Verarbeitungs- und Vermarktungseinrichtungen sind einige sehr erfolgreiche Initiativen zu finden. Welche Faktoren und Bedingungen es ermoglichen, dass ein derartiges Projekt „gelingt“ und uber langere Zeitdauer bestehen bleibt, wurde im Rahmen eines Workshops in Kooperation der Institute fur Okologischen Landbau und Agrarokonomik mit StudentInnen sowie vier ExpertInnen aus der Praxis erarbeitet.
Improving efficiency in the NHS in England: options for system reform.

The financial settlement for the NHS from 2011 onwards will be lean. How lean will not be clear until the intended comprehensive spending review in the autumn of 2010. The NHS Operating Framework 2010/11 advised that primary care trusts (PCTs) should plan for ‘real flat’ growth in revenue
Prevalance of Streptococcus pyogenes infection in children aged between 5 to 15 years with acute tonsillopharyngitis and its antibiogram.

Objective: To study the prevalence of group A beta haemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) infection among children aged between 5 to 15 years suffering from acute tonsillopharyngitis and its antibiogram. Research Design And Methods: This was a crossectional prospective study done over two years, by procuring data from the total 123 patient records of OPD patients. The clinical settings including history, examination and the throat swab cultures with anti-microbial sensitivity testing performed under standard conditions. Results: In this study, Streptococcus pyogenes was isolated in 21 patients out of the total 123 patients studied (17.1%), out of which 14(11.4%) were isolated from the age group between 11-15 years and only 7(5.7%) in the age group between 5-10 years. Males (10.6%) predominated in comparision to females (6.5%) with male female ratio of 1.6:1 and all the isolates were 100% sensitive to cefaclor, penicillin-G and ampicillin followed by 38.1% resistance to erythromycin, 28.6% to azithromycin and 33.3% to tetracycline respectively. Conclusion: The current study showed 17.1% prevalence of GABHS in the study population suffering from acute tonsillopharyngitis and also showed significant amount of resistance against commonly used antibiotics which were earlier sensitive probably due to injudicious use of antibiotics without undergoing routine culture and sensitivity.
Ores Sources, Smelters and Archaeometallurgy: Exploring Iron Age Metal Production in the Southern Waterberg, South Africa

The Southern Waterberg in Limpopo Province is archaeologically rich, especially when it comes to evidence of pre-colonial mining and metal working. Geologically, the area hosts important mineral resources such as copper, tin and iron which were smelted by agriculturalists in the precolonial period. In this region however, tin seems to be the major attraction given that Rooiberg is still the only source of cassiterite in southern Africa to have provided evidence of mining before European colonization. This paper reports the results of archaeological and archaeometallurgical work which was carried out in order to reconstruct the technology of metalworking as well as the cultural interaction in the study area and beyond. The ceramic evidence shows that from the Eiland Phase (1000–1300 AD) onwards there was cross borrowing of characteristic decorative traits amongst extant groups that later on culminated in the creation of a new ceramic group known as Rooiberg. In terms of mining and metal working, XRF and SEM analyses, when coupled with optical microscopy, indicate the use of indigenous bloomery techniques that are widespread in pre-colonial southern Africa. Tin and bronze production was also represented and their production remains also pin down this metallurgy to particular sites and excludes the possibility of importing of finished tin and bronze objects into this area.
ESD protection for a 5.5 GHz LNA in 90 nm RF CMOS — Implementation concepts, constraints and solutions

Design and implementation of ESD protection for a 5.5 GHz Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) fabricated in a 90 nm RF CMOS technology is presented. An on-chip inductor, added as ldquoplug-and-playrdquo, is used as ESD protection for the RF pins. The consequences of design and process, as well as the limited freedom on the ESD protection implementation for all pins to be protected are presented in detail and additional improvements are suggested.
Wideband out-of-phase power divider using coupled lines and microstrip to slotline transitions

The configuration and design method of a compact broadband out of phase power divider employing a microstrip/slot technology is presented. To make it easy for integration with other devices, the proposed device employs a single substrate. A T-junction of microstrip-slotline-microstrip transitions at the input port and coupled microstrip lines with shunt open-ended stubs at the output ports of the top layer are used to achieve an out of phase signal division over a large frequency range. Moreover, a proper chip resistor is employed across a dumbbell-shaped slot underneath the coupled lines to improve the isolation between the output ports. The overall size of the structure is 0.18 λg × 0.31 λg, where λg is the guided wavelength at the lowest operating frequency. Following a proper theoretical method based on the even-odd mode approach and slotline design guidelines, the proposed structure is designed to operate across the band 1-4 GHz. The achieved simulated results show 123% fractional bandwidth assuming 15 dB of isolation as the reference. The proposed device has equal power division between the two output ports with less than 0.2 dB amplitude imbalance and less than 1° phase imbalance across the whole band.
Tracing Nonlegume Orthologs of Legume Genes Required for Nodulation and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbioses

Most land plants can form a root symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi for assimilation of inorganic phosphate from the soil. In contrast, the nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbiosis is almost completely restricted to the legumes. The finding that the two symbioses share common signaling components in legumes suggests that the evolutionarily younger nitrogen-fixing symbiosis has recruited functions from the more ancient AM symbiosis. The recent advances in cloning of the genes required for nodulation and AM symbioses from the two model legumes, Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus, provide a unique opportunity to address biological questions pertaining to the evolution of root symbioses in plants. Here, we report that nearly all cloned legume genes required for nodulation and AM symbioses have their putative orthologs in nonlegumes. The orthologous relationship can be clearly defined on the basis of both sequence similarity and microsyntenic relationship. The results presented here serve as a prelude to the comparative analysis of orthologous gene function between legumes and nonlegumes and facilitate our understanding of how gene functions and signaling pathways have evolved to generate species- or family-specific phenotypes.
Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS)

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is generally conceptualized as a neurobiologic disorder with a multifactorial etiology. These factors include genetic susceptibility (as suggested by pedigree studies), neurophysiologic aberrations (primarily involving the neurotransmitter serotonin) and regional brain dysfunction (particularly involving the basal ganglia and frontal cortical connections). Recently a novel etiologic mechanism for the development of childhood onset OCD has been postulated, that of poststreptococcal autoimmunity. It is thought that this mechanism might be responsible for up to 10% of cases of childhood OCD. The term “pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections” (PANDAS) has been applied to this subgroup of patients to indicate the hypothesized common etiopathogenesis of their symptoms. Current understanding of this entity will be reviewed.
Oral precancerous disorders associated with areca quid chewing, smoking, and alcohol drinking in southern Taiwan.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence and the associated risk factors of oral precancerous disorders in southern Taiwan. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional community survey interviewing 1075 adult subjects, 15 years of age and over, gathered from randomly selected 591 households, and spanning five villages in southern Taiwan. The study protocol included a visual oral soft tissue examination and a questionnaire-based interview. The chi-square test was used to test the differences in prevalence of oral precancerous lesions and conditions by different "life styles" relating to current risk habits of current areca quid chewing, smoking, and alcohol drinking. To control for possible confounding, a logistic regression model was used to estimate the Odds Ratios (OR) for leukoplakia and oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). RESULTS 136 precancerous lesions and conditions were detected among 1075 subjects (12.7%). The analysis of the spectrum of oral precancerous disorders detected, leukoplakia (n = 80), OSF (n = 17) and verrucous lesions (n = 9), demonstrated an association with gender (P < 0.001). There were statistically significant associations among leukoplakia (P < 0.01), OSF (P < 0.0001), and verrucous lesions (P < 0.0001) and the life style of current areca quid chewing, smoking, and alcohol drinking. The synergistic effect of smoking and areca quid chewing habit on leukoplakia and OSF was demonstrated. CONCLUSION This study reinforces the association of current areca quid chewing without tobacco, cigarette smoking, and alcohol drinking to leukoplakia, OSF, and verrucous lesions in Taiwan.
Temporal Variability in Southeast Asian Dragon Jars: A Case from the Philippines

<p>This article presents the results of a detailed analysis of four dragon jar groups found in the Guthe Collection at the University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology. Dragon jars are a class of decorated stoneware storage vessels that were employed in trade throughout Southeast Asia during the second millennium <small class="caps" xmlns:m="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3. org/1999/xlink">a.d </small>. The jars in this study, recovered from mortuary contexts, are a unique data set due to their wide deposition throughout the southern Philippines. An exploration of intra-group and inter-group patterning has revealed temporal patterns and likely production locales for dragon jar manufacture over the course of the twelfth to seventeenth centuries. These temporal and spatial trends are then applied to the Guthe Collection to examine jar distribution throughout the Philippines over the critical period spanning the emergence of large-scale international commerce in the region. This study contributes a well-defined chronology for a commonly found material class, as well as knowledge of regional trading patterns. </p>
The in vitro antimalarial interaction of 9-hydroxycalabaxanthone and α-mangostin with mefloquine/artesunate

Multidrug resistance Plasmodium falciparum is the major health problem in Thailand. Discovery and development of new antimalarial drugs with novel modes of action is urgently required. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antimalarial interaction of 9-hydroxycalabaxanthone and α-mangostin with the standard antimalarial drugs mefloquine and artesunate in chloroquine sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine resistant (K1) P. falciparum clones in vitro. Median (range) IC50 (drug concentration which produces 50% parasite growth inhibition) values of the 9-hydroxycalabaxanthone, α-mangostin, artesunate and mefloquine for 3D7 vs K1 clones were 1.5 (0.9–2.1) vs 1.2 (1.1–1.6) μM, 17.9 (15.7.0–20.0) vs 9.7 (6.0–14.0) μM, 1.0 (0.4–3.0) vs 1.7 (1.0–2.5) nM, and 13.3 (11.1–13.3) vs 7.1 (6.7–12.2) nM, respectively. Analysis of isobologram and combination index (CI) of 9-hydroxycalabaxanthone with artesunate or mefloquine showed synergistic and indifference antimalarial interaction, respectively. α-mangostin-artesunate combination exhibited a slight antagonistic effect of antimalarial interaction, whereas α-mangostin and mefloquine combination showed indifference interaction in both clones. The combination of 9-hydroxycalabaxanthone with α-mangostin showed the synergistic antimalarial interaction in both clones.
A 0.13μm 1.5V CMOS I/Q Downconverter with Digital Adaptive IIP2 Calibration

A low-voltage I/Q downconverter with digital adaptive IIP2 calibration is presented. The system maintains high linearity over time by continuously updating tuning codes in response to varying operating conditions. A prototype is fabricated in a 0. 13μm RF CMOS process. At 2GHz LO, it draws 48mA from a 1.5V supply
Inhibition of Human Cytomegalovirus DNA Maturation by a Benzimidazole Ribonucleoside Is Mediated through the UL89 Gene Product

ABSTRACT 2-Bromo-5,6-dichloro-1-β-d-ribofuranosyl benzimidazole (BDCRB) is a member of a new class of benzimidazole ribonucleosides which inhibit human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) late in the replication cycle without inhibiting viral DNA synthesis. We show here that polygenomic concatemeric HCMV DNA does not mature to unit genome length in the presence of BDCRB. To discover the locus of action, virus resistant to BDCRB was selected by serial passage in the presence of the compound. Genetic mapping experiments with BDCRB-resistant virus demonstrated that the resistance phenotype mapped to one amino acid (Asp344Glu; low resistance) or two amino acids (Asp344Glu and Ala355Thr; high resistance) within the product of exon 2 of the HCMV UL89 open reading frame. The HCMV UL89 open reading frame and its homologs are among the most conserved open reading frames in the herpesviruses, and their products have sequence similarities to a known ATP-dependent endonuclease from the double-stranded DNA bacteriophage T4. These findings strongly suggest that BDCRB prevents viral DNA maturation by interacting with a UL89 gene product and that the UL89 open reading frame may encode an endonucleolytic subunit of the putative HCMV terminase. Further, since mammalian cell DNA replication does not involve a DNA maturation step, compounds which inhibit viral DNA maturation should be selective and safe.
Inferring sparse graphs from smooth signals with theoretical guarantees

We consider the problem of inferring a graph from signals which are assumed to be smooth over the graph, in the setting where the graph is also assumed to be sparse. We focus on the case where measurements are Gaussian vectors and the graph topology is encoded in the inverse of the covariance matrix. In addition, the weights of the inverse covariance are assumed to be such that the model is attractive—all partial correlations are non-negative. Unlike other approaches which seek to minimize the Laplacian quadratic form or involve solving a log-det program, we study a simple estimator based on soft thresholding. The estimator involves computing only a single eigenvalue decomposition, and so it can easily scale to networks with thousands of vertices. We provide theoretical results on the reconstruction error as a function of the number of observations and problem dimensions for the case where the underlying graph is assumed to be sparse.
Novel prevention strategies for bacterial infections in cirrhosis

ABSTRACT Introduction: Bacterial infections are a serious complication of cirrhosis, as they can lead to decompensation, multiple organ failure, and/or death. Preventing infections is therefore very relevant. Because gut bacterial translocation is their main pathogenic mechanism, prevention of infections is mostly based on the use of orally administered poorly absorbed antibiotics such as norfloxacin (selective intestinal decontamination). However, antibiotic prophylaxis leads to antibiotic resistance, limiting therapy and increasing morbidity and mortality. Prevention of bacterial infections in cirrhosis should therefore move away from antibiotics. Areas Covered: This review focuses on various potentially novel methods to prevent infections in cirrhosis focusing on non-antibiotic strategies. The use of probiotics, nonselective intestinal decontamination with rifaximin, prokinetics and beta-blockers or fecal microbiota transplant as means of targeting altered gut microbiota, bile acids and FXR agonists are all potential alternatives to selective intestinal decontamination. Prokinetics and beta-blockers can improve intestinal motility, while bile acids and FXR agonists help by improving the intestinal barrier. Finally, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and statins are emerging therapeutic strategies that may improve immune dysfunction in cirrhosis. Expert Opinion: Evidence for these strategies has been restricted to animal studies and proof-of concept studies but we expect this to change in coming years.
Comparison of neoadjuvant versus a surgery first approach for gastric and esophagogastric cancer

Gastric cancer remains a significant worldwide health concern. While surgery is required for cure, all but the earliest of cancers will require multimodality therapy. Chemotherapy and chemoradiation in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings have shown to improve overall survival, but the sequencing of treatment is controversial. As healthcare expenses surge, it is increasingly important to impart value to these treatments. This review will look at the intersection of effective treatment and costs for gastric cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:296–303. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
“ CRITICAL MASS OF IDEAS ” : A MODEL OF INCUBATION IN BRAINSTORMING

This paper presents the results of experiments with a computational model of group brainstorming as an environment to study the role incubation in creativity. In this model, exploration refers to the purely random search for solutions, exploitation refers to the guided search for solutions based on previous solutions found, and incubation is defined as the reorganization of the search processes used previously to find solutions with no direct output of actual solutions. This work supports the idea that the beneficial effects of incubation in ideation depend on a number of factors, and it provides insights for understanding the complex nature of incubation and its interaction with other creativity-related processes. We suggest the concept of “critical mass of ideas” as a plausible idea to explain some of the performance of incubation and one to be investigated in future studies of creativity.
Comparative Three‐Dimensional Structure of the Trabecular Bone in the Talus of Primates and Its Relationship to Ankle Joint Loads Generated During Locomotion

The trabecular structure of the ankle bone in small to medium‐bodied (60–5000 g) primates of distinct locomotor types was analyzed using high‐resolution X‐ray computed tomography. There are large inter‐, intraspecific, and regional (medial vs. lateral) variations in the trabecular architecture of the talar body. Body mass has no effect on the bone volume fraction or on the fabric anisotropy. However, both the number and thickness of trabeculae seem to be body mass‐dependent. All taxa show anisotropic trabecular bone, but the degree of anisotropy and elongation values vary, notably across the locomotion categories. The fabric orientation in the talar body indicates that, practically, all taxa studied display a generally consistent pattern of orientation restricted primarily to a dorsoplantar direction. We have observed a mediolateral difference in the bone volume fraction in most primates who are proficient or frequent climbers. This could reflect a specific reinforcement of the trabecular structure in response to the loads engendered in habitually sustained foot inversion. In contrast, tali of primates who are proficient or frequent leapers rather exhibit a different three‐dimensional distribution of the material, which consists of a more anisotropic trabecular structure. This could reflect stronger unidirectional and stereotypical‐loading conditions generated at the ankle joints during a leap. Finally, it appears that the talar trabecular bone structure has a good potential for predicting locomotion in extinct species. We have analyzed the trabecular bone structure of the talus of some Eocene European primates (Adapis, Leptadapis, and Necrolemur) and compared the functional signal of the external versus internal talar anatomy in these fossils. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.