Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In utero therapy for congenital disorders using amniotic fluid stem cells

Congenital diseases are responsible for over a third of all pediatric hospital admissions. Advances in prenatal screening and molecular diagnosis have allowed the detection of many life-threatening genetic diseases early in gestation. In utero transplantation (IUT) with stem cells could cure affected fetuses but so far in humans, successful IUT using allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), has been limited to fetuses with severe immunologic defects and more recently IUT with allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell transplantation, has improved phenotype in osteogenesis imperfecta. The options of preemptive treatment of congenital diseases in utero by stem cell or gene therapy changes the perspective of congenital diseases since it may avoid the need for postnatal treatment and reduce future costs. Amniotic fluid stem (AFS) cells have been isolated and characterized in human, mice, rodents, rabbit, and sheep and are a potential source of cells for therapeutic applications in disorders for treatment prenatally or postnatally. Gene transfer to the cells with long-term transgenic protein expression is feasible. Recently, pre-clinical autologous transplantation of transduced cells has been achieved in fetal sheep using minimally invasive ultrasound guided injection techniques. Clinically relevant levels of transgenic protein were expressed in the blood of transplanted lambs for at least 6 months. The cells have also demonstrated the potential of repair in a range of pre-clinical disease models such as neurological disorders, tracheal repair, bladder injury, and diaphragmatic hernia repair in neonates or adults. These results have been encouraging, and bring personalized tissue engineering for prenatal treatment of genetic disorders closer to the clinic.
The reproducibility of research and the misinterpretation of p-values

We wish to answer this question If you observe a “significant” P value after doing a single unbiased experiment, what is the probability that your result is a false positive? The weak evidence provided by P values between 0.01 and 0.05 is explored by exact calculations of false positive risks. When you observe P = 0.05, the odds in favour of there being a real effect (given by the likelihood ratio) are about 3:1. This is far weaker evidence than the odds of 19 to 1 that might, wrongly, be inferred from the P value. And if you want to limit the false positive risk to 5 %, you would have to assume that you were 87% sure that there was a real effect before the experiment was done. If you observe P =0.001 in a well-powered experiment, it gives a likelihood ratio of almost 100:1 odds on there being a real effect. That would usually be regarded as conclusive, But the false positive risk would still be 8% if the prior probability of a real effect were only 0.1. And, in this case, if you wanted to achieve a false positive risk of 5% you would need to observe P = 0.00045. It is recommended that the terms “significant” and “non-significant” should never be used. Rather, P values should be supplemented by specifying the prior probability that would be needed to produce a specified (e.g. 5%) false positive risk. It may also be helpful to specify the minimum false positive risk associated with the observed P value. Despite decades of warnings, many areas of science still insist on labelling a result of P < 0.05 as “statistically significant”. This practice must contribute to the lack of reproducibility in some areas of science. This is before you get to the many other well-known problems, like multiple comparisons, lack of randomisation and P-hacking. Precise inductive inference is impossible and replication is the only way to be sure, Science is endangered by statistical misunderstanding, and by senior people who impose perverse incentives on scientists.
Motivating Inactive Seniors to Participate in Physical Activity: A Pilot RCT.

Objectives: We investigated the potential of social support in an adherence intervention to foster physical activity (PA) among sedentary older adults. Methods: We compared 2, 9-week intervention programs aimed at increasing PA levels in older persons. One program offered PA alone, whereas the other combined a PA program with a social adherence intervention (PASAI). The interventions involved 39 sedentary older adults living in senior congregate housing in Israel, each randomly assigned to an intervention program. Information about PA levels, self-efficacy, and social support for exercise was collected through personal interviews before, after, and at a one-month follow-up. At follow-up, participants were asked to report whether they remained in contact with other group members. Results: PASAI program participants showed significantly higher levels of PA compared to PA program participants. Both self-efficacy and social support were associated with changes in PA. In the PASAI program, 67% of participants remained in contact with other group members; by contrast, PA participants did not maintain any contact. Conclusion: Self-efficacy perception and on-going social support encourage adherence to PA.
Anticipatory balance control and dimension reduction

A hallmark of many skilled motions is the anticipatory nature of the balance‐related adjustments that happen in preparation for the expected evolution of forces during the motion. This can shape simulated and animated motions in subtle but important ways, help lend physical credence to the motion, and help signal the character's intent. In this article, we investigate how center‐of‐mass reference trajectories (CMRTs) can be learned so as to achieve anticipatory balance control with a state‐of‐the‐art reactive balancing system. This enables the design of physics‐based motion simulations that involve fast pose transitions as well as force‐based interactions with the environment, such as punches, pushes, and catching heavy objects. We also show that generating CMRTs in a reduced space may result in faster computation times for similar task motions that deal with environmental interactions. We demonstrate the results on planar human models and show that CMRTs generalize well across parameterized versions of a motion. We illustrate that they are also effective at conveying a mismatch between a character's expectations and reality, for example, thinking that an object is heavier than it is.
Integration of Stiff Graphene and Tough Silk for the Design and Fabrication of Versatile Electronic Materials

The production of structural and functional materials with enhanced mechanical properties through the integration of soft and hard components is a common approach to Nature's material design. However, directly mimicking these optimized design routes in the lab for practical applications remains challenging. For example, graphene and silk are two materials with complementary mechanical properties that feature ultrahigh stiffness and toughness, respectively. Yet, no simple and controllable approach is developed to homogeneously integrate these two components into functional composites, mainly due to the hydrophobicity and chemical inertness of graphene. In this study, well‐dispersed and highly stable graphene/silk fibroin (SF) suspension systems are developed, which are suitable for processing to fabricate polymorphic materials, such as films, fibers, and coatings. The obtained graphene/SF nanocomposites maintain the electronic advantages of graphene, and they also allow tailorable mechanical performance to form including ultrahigh stretchable (with a strain to failure to 611 ± 85%), or high strength (339 MPa) and high stiffness (7.4 GPa) material systems. More remarkably, the electrical resistances of these graphene/SF materials are sensitive to material deformation, body movement, as well as humidity and chemical environmental changes. These unique features promise their utility as wearable sensors, smart textiles, intelligent skins, and human–machine interfaces.
Protistan microbial observatory in the Cariaco Basin , Caribbean . II . Habitat specialization

William Orsi, Virginia Edgcomb, Sunok Jeon, Chesley Leslin, John Bunge, Gordon T Taylor, Ramon Varela and Slava Epstein Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA; Department of Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Kangwon-Do, South Korea; Department of Statistical Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Estacion de Investigaciones Marinas de Margarita, Fundacion la Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Punta de Piedras, Edo. Nueva Esparta, Venezuela and Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, MA, USA
Edinburgh Research Explorer Evaluation of a photosynthesis-based biogenic isoprene emission scheme in JULES and simulation of isoprene emissions under present-day climate conditions

We have incorporated a semi-mechanistic isoprene emission module into the JULES land-surface scheme, as a ﬁrst step towards a modelling tool that can be applied for studies of vegetation – atmospheric chemistry interactions, including chemistry-climate feedbacks. Here, we evaluate the coupled model against local above-canopy isoprene emission ﬂux measurements from six ﬂux tower sites as well as satellite-derived estimates of isoprene emission over tropical South America and east and south Asia. The model simulates diurnal variability well: correlation coefﬁcients are signiﬁcant (at the 95 % level) for all ﬂux tower sites. The model reproduces day-to-day variability with signiﬁcant correlations (at the 95 % conﬁdence level) at four of the six ﬂux tower sites. At the UMBS site, a complete set of seasonal observations is available for two years (2000 and 2002). The model reproduces the seasonal pattern of emission during 2002, but does less well in the year 2000. The model overestimates observed emissions at all sites, which is partially because it does not include isoprene loss through the canopy. Comparison with the satellite-derived isoprene-emission estimates suggests that the model simulates the main spatial patterns, seasonal and inter-annual variability over tropical regions. The model yields a global annual isoprene emission of 535 ± 9 TgC yr − 1 during the 1990s, 78 % of which from forested areas.
OSTEOSARCOMA OF THE JAWS: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant tumor of bone, which can involve jaws. This article reviews osteosarcoma of the jaws referred to the Department of oral pathology, dental faculty of Tehran University of Medical Sicences and Pathology Department of Cancer Institiute in Imam Khomeini Hospital during 30 years from 1349 to 1378 and also reviews jaw Osteosarcoma in English literature. The purpose of this review is comparing the clinical behaviour of jaw tumors with Osteosarcoma from elsewhere in the body and reporting the observations of clinical, histological and diagnostic findings. For this retrospective review the clinical, radiographic and histopathologic records of 42 patients were obtained, furthermore follow up results were also obtained from patients records. The mean age of patients was 35 years (range 9 to 61 years) with slight male predilection. The most common presenting features were swelling, pain and ulcer. Histologically, the lesions ranged from well-differentiated tumors with prominent osteoid formation to poorly differentiated tumors, which had bizarre cells and numerous mitosis especially atypical ones. Most of the lesions had areas of chondroid formation, but all of tumors showed neoplastic osteiod, of course in different degrees. The most important problem after treatment was local recurrence. Primary osteosarcomas of the jaws are a group of lesions, which are biologically distinct from long bones osteosarcoma and have better behaviour than them. More accurate determination of their clinical behaviour and their management will depend on complete follow up of patients and actual records of patients’ data.
Infinite sparse block model with node textual information using the innovation process

We present a new approach to estimating the interdependence of industries in an economy by applying data science solutions. By exploiting interfirm buyer--seller network data, we show that the problem of estimating the interdependence of industries is similar to the problem of uncovering the latent block structure in network science literature. To estimate the underlying structure with greater accuracy, we propose an extension of the sparse block model that incorporates node textual information and an unbounded number of industries and interactions among them. The latter task is accomplished by extending the well-known Chinese restaurant process to two dimensions. Inference is based on collapsed Gibbs sampling, and the model is evaluated on both synthetic and real-world datasets. We show that the proposed model improves in predictive accuracy and successfully provides a satisfactory solution to the motivated problem. We also discuss issues that affect the future performance of this approach.
Mysterious Machinery. Unraveling the Engaged Narrative Experience of Nabokov’s Lolita (1955) and Pale Fire (1962)

This dissertation addresses questions on the nature of reading stories, experiencing narratives and engaging with fictional worlds. It focuses on the characterization of the reader’s engaged narrative experiences of two novels by Russian-American author Vladimir Nabokov (1899-1977), Lolita (1955) and Pale Fire (1962). The main goal is to gain insight into how the language of literary fiction triggers different cognitive processes that allow readers to engage with narrative worlds and follow the mental functioning of fictional characters. This study integrates theory and method from literary studies, linguistics, computer science, communication studies, the philosophy of mind and the cognitive sciences. By allowing complementary views on the nature of language, reading, comprehension and interpretation to come together, an all embracing account of characterizing the engaged narrative experience is presented, showing the benefits of an interdisciplinary approach for studying questions of interpretation and narrative engagement, which are at the heart of literary studies.
Numerical Simulation on the Reflection Characterisation and Performance of a Solar Collector-A Case Study of UPM Solar Bowl

A numerical simulation of UPM Solar Bowl is presented in this paper. The numerical analysis considered a general model of solar bowl, which was divided into three modules: (a) reflection characterisation of the bowl, (b) solar flux density along the receiver, and (c) radiation contour mapping of the receiver. The governing equations are resolved in a segregated manner using Matlab programming environment. The influence of the tropical clear sky irradiance on the collector was numerically studied, whereas the collector performance in time domain was also quantified. Single reflection is a major element in thermal concentration. It was observed that solar flux density of collector substantially deteriorated during off solar noon hour, in which during 08:00 and 16:00 under clear sky of tropics, the percentage reduction of flux density is over 82% at all points of the receiver. The simulated radiation contour mapping of the receiver supports the finding. Other results of the UPM Solar Bowl simulation model are also shown and discussed.
ANALYSIS OF Al2O3 LAYERS MORPHOLOGY AND MICROSTRUCTURE

The paper presents the characterization of obtaining Al2O3 oxide layers on aluminium AlMg2 alloy as a result of hard anodizing by the electrolytic method in a three-component electrolyte. The Al2O3 layers obtained on the AlMg2 alloy in the three-component SBS electrolyte were subjected to detailed microstructural investigations (by means of a scanning electron microscope, SEM). By applying X-ray diffraction, examination of the obtained oxide layers phase compositions was carried out. It was found that the Al2O3 oxide layers obtained via hard anodizing in a three-component electrolyte are amorphous. The chemical composition of the Al2O3 layers is presented and compared to the results of stechiometric calculations for the Al2O3 layer. Surface morphologies of the obtained oxide layers are characterized and discussed in nanoand microscopic scales. The surface morphologies of the layers obtained have a significant influence on their properties, including their susceptibility to further modification (e.g. to incorporation of graphite), their wear resistance and the capacity for sorption of lubricants.
Stream Cipher with Space-Time Block Code

This paper proposes a new method to secure data in the physical layer (physical layer cipher) in mobile networks using a cipher with channel code (space-time block code or STBC), which is used to increase reliability in wireless networks. In this method, we will cipher the STBC codewords and use a new approach to produce keys related to arithmetic attributes of images as an average value. There is no requirement to insert any major key by the user. In this method, the average value of the packet is used as a seed for the linear feedback register (LFSR). Then, it will generate keys as complex forms that are used to cipher STBC codewords; the results practically and theoretically show a stronger method against plain attackers, knownplaintext attacks, choice plaintext attackers, and ciphertext attackers and creates more confusion and diffusion to make cipher analysis more difficult. Their effect on security is discussed. Performance, system architecture, and the proposed method satisfy the performance analysis tests (of the image), such as the histogram, power spectrum, correlation, large key space, NPCR, UACI, and entropy, and it is resistant to statistical, brute force, and differential attacks.
Tax Co-Ordination: Crossing the Rubicon?

In this contribution, we take a closer look at the process of international tax co-ordination which has gained momentum over the last few years. In this process, different areas have been discussed, such as corporate income taxation, taxation of savings, taxation of ecommerce, and measures against tax havens. Considerable progress has been made both in terms of subjects discussed and intensity of discussions. On the other hand, discussion results are rarely appealing to the general public. For those who were used to think of tax coordination in terms of minimum tax rates and tax bases, it may even be disappointing to get peer reviews and blacklists instead. For a sceptic observer, an EU Council or OECD meeting on tax issues must necessarily produce some result; and if significant results cannot be achieved, the best way out is to appoint some committees and working parties, and agree on a schedule of further discussions. Nevertheless, it is obvious that EU and OECD countries are trying to maintain an international tax order under growing pressures of globalisation. A sceptical attitude may also be deceptive because an interesting re-orientation is indeed taking place. International discussions are moving away from minimum tax rates to administrative procedures. This affects countries' operational independence - their discretion in applying tax rules (McLure 1992, Cnossen 1996). The most notable examples are to be found in EU policies. This is only logical because the OECD was never a platform to discuss minimum rates (instead, the OECD Model Tax Treaty is based on the ideal of home state taxation, with limited withholding and source state taxes). But where tax havens are concerned, the OECD has made considerable progress, which includes increased attention for exchange of financial information and transparency of tax administration. In our contribution, we offer some thoughts on this new approach of tax co-ordination. As we touch upon many related issues, we do not try to be conclusive. We argue that operational independence is vital to national tax sovereignty but also a major source of jurisdictional distortion. We then proceed by discussing some recent developments in corporate taxation (the Primarolo list), taxation of savings (EU withholding tax) and taxation of e-commerce (EC proposal to tax digital services). We end by summing up some potential shortcomings of the 'new' approach.
A Study on Fetomaternal Outcome of Breech Presentation in a Tertiary Care Hospital

1,2 Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IMS & SUM Hospital, Siksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India Corresponding Author Pratibha Jena Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IMS & SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India Email: pratibhajena@soa.ac. in Abstract Background: The aim of the study was to find out the incidence, maternal and fetal outcome of breech presentation in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: The present retrospective study was carried out in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of IMS & SUM HOSPITAL, Bhubaneswar, Odisha from March 2016 to April 2018. Total 97 cases were included in this study. The demographic data like age, parity, gestational age, mode of delivery, maternal and perinatal outcome were noted from hospital records and studied. Results: The incidence of breech was found to be 2.6% in patients attending the IMS & SUM HOSPITAL. 47 % cases were in the age group of 20-25 years and 28% were in age group of 26-30 years. In the present study, primigravidas constitute 52%of cases. Most of the cases were delivered by caesarean section (88%) which were associated with PIH, oligohydramnious and PROM. Perinatal morbidity was seen to be higher in babies delivered vaginally (63%) as compared to 16 % in cases delivered by caesarean section. Conclusion: Breech presentation is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcome. Caesarean section does not totally eliminate the associated maternal and perinatal morbidity. The mode of delivery in breech presentation should be specified based on type of breech, stage of labour, fetal wellbeing and availability of skilled obstetrician.
Metrological changes in the surface morphology of cereal grains in the mixing process

Abstract The paper presents a new idea of approach to the analysis of surface morphology of cereal grains. In this paper, the surfaces of maize were analyzed using an optical 3D measurement system to determine the surface morphology and parameters of surface topography. It was established how changes in the moisture influence on the surface characteristics. Comprehensive parametric analysis was conducted for maize grains with different moisture contents. The objective of this study was to comprehensively characterize the surface morphology of maize in contact area using standardized 3D roughness parameters as well as other characteristics such as structure direction and isotropy. This is the first study that has presented, elucidated, and discussed the relationships between some morphological parameters of cereal grains. This research contributes to better understanding of the mixing process. The main findings are: the values of roughness parameters kurtosis and skewness are characterized by higher values for maize grains with lower moisture, compared with maize grains with higher moisture content; there is a close relationship between the maize grain moisture content and the surface roughness parameters of kurtosis and skewness; maize grains have an anisotropic structure.