Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of Word Definition Skill in Persian-speaking 54-90-month-olds

Objectives: Word definition skill is a complex language ability in which meta-linguistic awareness and literacy skills play a critical role. The present study examined the development of word definition skills in Persian-speaking children aged 4.5 to 7.5 years, concerning content and form aspects. Methods: This was a cross-sectional and analytic-descriptive study. The study subjects were 107 children of three age groups, as follows: 54-65-month-olds, 66-77-month-olds, and 78-90-month-olds. The study participants were selected from kindergartens and schools in districts 1, 7, and 17 of Tehran City, Iran, by multi-stage sampling method. In the word definition task, children were requested to define the words. To analyze the obtained data, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used. Results: The obtained results indicated that the mean score of content (P=0.001) and form (P=0.002) aspects of word definition significantly increased with age in the study participants. Discussion: A shift from functional and objective responses towards meta-linguistic definitions, i.e. further developed in terms of content and form, was observed with aging. At the age of 7 years, definitions reflect the hierarchical nature of nouns, and applying the class name begins at this age. The age of reaching a specific class seems to be affected by the lexical category.
The novel fentanyl-analog “Acrylofentanyl” impairs motor, sensorimotor and cardiovascular functions in mice.

a of by a new called Acrylfentanyl (AcrylF) was spreading online as a research chemical, and was mostly sold in a powder or nasal spray forms. It is a potent NPS that is being used and abused causing more than 21 intoxications and 47 deaths in Europe within a relatively short time period. The aim of the present study to compare the acute effects evoked by AcrylF, Fen and Morphine (Mor) on motor, sensorimotor and cardio-respiratory changes in mice. To better understand the pharmacological action of AcrylF, we used naloxone as opioid receptor antagonist. Material and methods: Adult male ICR (CD-1) mice, weighing from 25 to 30 grams, were used for this experiment. We used for this study the range of doses (0.01-15mg/kg), and the three compounds were administered by intraperitoneal injection at a volume of 4ul/g . The opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (6 mg/kg, i.p.); was administered 15 minutes before AcrylF, Fen and morphine injections. The effect of AcrylFen, Fen and Mor was investigated using a battery of behavioral tests widely used in studies of “safety-pharmacology” for the preclinical characterization of new molecules in rodents. All experiments were performed between 8:30 AM to 2:00 PM. Experiments were conducted in blind by trained observers working together in pairs. The behavior of mice (neurologic and sensorimotor responses) was videotaped and analyzed off-line by a different trained operator that gives test scores. Spontaneous locomotor activity was measured in four mice for each experiment where motor activity was monitored for 240 min by using the ANY-maze video-tracking system. Cardio-respiratory parameters (heart rate, breath rate, oxygen saturation and pulse distention) were measured through the software MouseOx Plus in freely moving mice, monitored by a sensor collar applied around their neck and data is recorded for 5 hours. AcrylF These findings support their harmful health risks and high capacity to induce fatality.
A Sense of Privacy

Among the many factors that can elicit privacy concerns and affect privacy behavior, some are sensorial: detecting the presence of others through our senses. Human beings may be wired to react to sensorial cues and rely, in part, on them to assess the privacy ramifications of their actions. Individuals may react to sensorial cues indicating the presence of others even when those cues do not carry relevant information about likely consequences of privacy choices – and thus, from a normative perspective, may not be expected to influence privacy concerns and resulting behaviors. In four experiments (N = 829), we examine the effect on privacy-relevant behavior (the disclosure of sensitive personal information) of four sensorial cues signaling the presence of other humans: proximity, visual, auditory, and olfactory, each signaling the presence of another person. Proximity and visual cues (Experiments 1 and 2) produced an inhibitory effect on intimate self-disclosures in an online survey – including when that presence does not and cannot materially affect participants’ risks or benefits associated with disclosure (Experiment 2). Auditory and olfactory cues (Experiments 3 and 4), however, did not. The findings point to a possible influence of sensorial (specifically, visual) cues on privacy behavior. We discuss the implications of the findings in the context of privacy and security decision making in a digital age, where physical cues human beings may have adapted to use for detection of threats may be absent, or even strategically manipulated by antagonistic third parties.
Twitter-Based Uncertainty and Cryptocurrency Returns

We explore the relationship between two novel Twitter-based measures of economic and market uncertainty and the performance of four major cryptocurrencies. Using a battery of methods - quantile regressions, Granger-causality in distributions using copula functions, and directional predictability tests - we examine the behavior of Bitcoin, Ethereum, Bitcoin Cash, and Ripple. Our findings demonstrate a strong causal link between the uncertainty expressed in social media and cryptocurrency returns. The effect is particularly evident for Bitcoin and in the tails of return distributions. Our results cast new light on the importance of cryptocurrencies as an alternative asset class in the wake of global uncertainty.
Gefragter Nutzen!? Eine Studie zum Mehrwert der Plus-Artikel bei deutschen Tageszeitungen

Die Zeitungsbranche erlebt erhebliche Veränderungen infolge der Digitalisierung und neuer Technologien und gestaltet diese inzwischen auch selbst mit. Sie bietet digitale, moderne Produkte an, die auf Nachfrage stoßen. Zwar soll einerseits die Reichweite des Blattes erhalten bleiben, um von den zulegenden digitalen Werbeerlösen zu profitieren, doch sollen andererseits gleichzeitig dringend benötigte neue Vertriebserlöse im digitalen Umfeld generiert werden. Entsprechend sind ausgewählte selbst produzierte Inhalte im digitalen Kanal lange nicht mehr kostenfrei erhältlich. In der Konsequenz stellt sich die Frage danach, welche Inhalte mit welchen Eigenschaften hinter die Paywall gelangen. Der Begriff des Mehrwerts wurde hierbei als zentrales Konstrukt herangezogen. Ziel der Studie war es, zu prüfen, ob Paid Content tatsächlich einen höheren Kundennutzen bietet, der sich in einem höheren Mehrwert widerspiegelt, gegenüber (ehemals) kostenfreien Inhalten. Mittels quantitativer Inhaltsanalyse wurden 150 Plus-Artikel und 150 kostenfreie Artikel im Finanz-und Wirtschaftsresort der BILD, der Frankfurter Allgemeinen Zeitung und der Süddeutschen Zeitung im Zeitraum vom 1. Januar 2018 bis 31. Januar 2019 untersucht und verglichen. Die Analyse hat gezeigt, dass es zwar Unterschiede zwischen Artikeln hinter und vor der Paywall gibt, diese aber bisher etwas weniger ausgeprägt sind als erwartet. Am stärksten ausgeprägt sind bisweilen die Unterschiede für zahlende Leser bei der Ausführlichkeit und Länge der Beiträge. Zudem konnten Unterschiede zwischen den Medien festgestellt werden.
Environmental efficiency measurement based on DEA Malmquist model: a case study of Henan Province

Based on the panel data of different cities in Henan Province from 2010 to 2016, DEA model with variable scale compensation and Malmquist index model are used to measure environmental efficiency from static and dynamic perspectives. The results show that the overall environmental efficiency of Henan Province is at a high level, the technical efficiency is slightly improved, the allocation of input factors tends to be reasonable; the environmental efficiency is rising in dynamic change, among which the influence of technological progress on the environmental efficiency of Henan Province is more critical.
Following Gibbs states adiabatically —The energy landscape of mean-field glassy systems

We introduce a generalization of the cavity, or Bethe-Peierls, method that allows to follow Gibbs states when an external parameter, e.g. the temperature, is adiabatically changed. This allows to obtain new quantitative results on the static and dynamic behavior of mean-field disordered systems such as models of glassy and amorphous materials or random constraint satisfaction problems. As a first application, we discuss the residual energy after a very slow annealing, the behavior of out-of-equilibrium states, and demonstrate the presence of temperature chaos in equilibrium. We also explore the energy landscape, and identify a new transition from a computationally easier canyons-dominated region to a harder valleys-dominated one.
Systematic method for selection of motor-reducer units to power a lower-body robotic exoskeleton

ABSTRACT Powered exoskeletons are wearable robotic devices intended to provide extra power to ailing limbs during walking. The selection of appropriate motor and transmission is essential in enhancing the power-to-weight ratio of the system while keeping the cost down. This article presents a systematic method to size the motortransmission unit by taking into account the motor’s characteristics, transmission inertia, efficiency and cost of the system. Since a lower-limb exoskeleton system is designed for walking, clinical gait analysis data is used to assess the dynamic load requirements. An optimal selection of the motor and gearhead is made to power the hip joint of the exoskeleton. Choice of the motor-reducer unit is compared using different criteria such as maximizing load acceleration or peak power. The framework can be easily extended to other joints as well as to other types of exoskeletons.
DIELECTRICAL ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS WITH RECYCLED CARBON FIBERS

A series of thin epoxy resin samples were prepared. Short recycled carbon microfibers in concentrations from 0wt% to 33wt% were used as composite fillers. The geometry and structure of these fillers were characterized using SEM and Raman DXR microscopy images. It has been found that the dielectric properties of composites strongly depend on the RCF content and show an increase in values at and above the percolation threshold. Below the percolation threshold, the distance between the fibers is large enough so that there is no interaction of the local fields created by the adjacent fibers and the dielectric constant in this region increases slowly. As the filler concentration increases, the Maxwell Wagner effect increases and leads to a sharp increase in the real permittivity values. Furthermore, it was found in this work that the permittivity increases with increasing concentration of particles even after reaching the percolation threshold over the entire frequency band.
Assessing the economic cost of depleting groundwater in Balochistan: A Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) multiplier approach

Prolonged droughts and depleting groundwater resources have been a serious challenge to the economy of province of Balochistan, Pakistan. Proliferation of tube-wells incentivized by government policy interventions and continued subsidy for electric tube-wells for agriculture and choice for high-water consumption crops have led to steep decline in water tables. This paper uses Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) Multiplier model approach to simulate impact of declining water tables on the provincial economy, a first ever effort. To capture the impact of declining water tables, increase in shadow prices of groundwater are calculated and the effects are traced on agricultural production. Using these effects, simulations are designed to reflect the impact of water tables’ decline on macroeconomic variables including GDP, government’s revenues/expenditures, households’ income, and net exports. Agricultural policy options are also introduced in the model to explore their effectiveness in mitigating the effects of groundwater exploitation. Effects of non-agricultural policy options such as the debated removal of tube-well subsidy, shifting to non-agricultural sectors and investment in recharge mechanisms are also estimated on the overall provincial economy. Findings from the paper indicate that depleting water tables have adversely affected the provincial economy and the impact of widely recommended agricultural policy is moderate in mitigating these effects. Subsidy rationalization is observed to have substantial impact on GDP, households, and trade balance. However, investment in recharge mechanisms and expansion in processing, manufacturing and services sector can be crucial for the development of the province.
Total and diffuse light distribution within the canopy of an apple orchard as affected by reflective ground covers

In recent years, anti-hail nets have been increasingly used to protect apple orchards. As they reduce the light intensity at canopy level, reflective ground covers are frequently placed on the soil surface before fruit harvest with the main aim to enhance color development in bicolored apples. It is not clear however, to which extent the light penetration inside the whole canopy is affected by the reflective ground covers. We performed a study in an intensively cultivated apple district of South Tyrol (northern Italy), with and without reflective ground covers. We measured light intensity at different heights from the ground and different distances from the tree trunk, using two instruments: an 80- cm long ceptometer and a point-like sensor capable of measuring the diffuse radiation component in addition to the total visible light. We found that the reflective ground cover significantly increased the quantity of diffuse light reflected from the orchard floor. The largest effect was recorded at 1 m height from the ground, but it was still significant at 2.5 m height. The influence of the reflective ground cover was particularly remarkable when sun and tree lines were aligned. The increase of total PAR inside the canopy due to the reflective material was however relatively small, suggesting a moderate effect on tree photosynthesis and therefore on apple yields.
CHARACTERIZATION OF EDGE STRUCTURE AND MISORIENTATION BETWEEN LAYERS OF MICROWAVE PLASMA SYNTHESIZED FEW-LAYER GRAPHENE NANOSHEETS

Topological and edge defects and misalignment of graphene layers in few-layer graphene strongly influence its chemical reactivity and thermal stability. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy and image analysis was used to determine alignment, degree of rotation, between layers in few-layer graphene prepared by decomposition of ethanol in microwave plasma torch at atmospheric pressure. The prepared nanosheets consisted of 1 to 20 layers, with interlayer distance of 0.34 nm, and the main structure was formed by successive growth of individual layers on top of each other. Using FFT, the edges and wrinkles were separated from the graphene layers themselves. The layers were spread out on each one separately and the angles of rotation between them were measured. The rotation angle between layer was from 20 to 30 degrees and the high quality graphene nanosheets, Raman bands 2D/G ratio of 1.6 and D/G ratio of 0.5, exhibited predominantly closed edges and opened edges were mostly found in the layers forming islands on the main structure. Graphene nanosheets remain fully stable in vacuum up to 1000 °C and thermogravimetric analysis showed complete burnout of the sample in synthetic air at 770 °C with more defective sample exhibiting higher weight loss between 400 and 700 °C.
Inability to Obtain Sperm for Fresh IVF Cycles: Analysis and Incidence of Outcomes Using a National Database from the United States

Background: Azoospermia is present in 10% of men presenting with infertility and surgical sperm retrieval rates for men with azoospermia due to spermatogenic dysfunction remain low. We investigated the incidence of failed fresh IVF cycles due to inability to obtain sperm and describe predictors for subsequent IVF. Methods: A national IVF database was used to identify fresh IVF cycles in which there was failure to obtain sperm. Patient linkage was utilized to determine outcomes of subsequent IVF. Results: 243,291 fresh IVF cycles were identified; 719 (0.3%) listed "inability to obtain sperm" as reason for embryo non-transfer. Male infertility was a factor in 537 (75%) and ejaculation was the most common anticipated sperm source (414, 57%). 713 (99.2%) cycles resulted in retrieved oocytes, but only 627 (87.2%) cryopreserved oocytes. 265 (37%) of couples underwent subsequent IVF. On multivariable analysis, lack of initial oocyte cryopreservation (OR 0.34, p=0.01) and male infertility (OR 0.14, p=0.01) were associated with having no subsequent cycles. Partner sperm was used in 213 (80%) second cycles and sperm retrieval method was largely conserved (181/213, 85%). Embryos were transferred in 186 (70%) second cycles. Failed embryo transfers were due to repeat inability to obtain sperm in 5 (6%) cycles. Conclusions: Failure to obtain sperm during fresh IVF is rare, but most affected couples will not pursue further cycles of IVF after their initial failed attempt.
The Usage of Prefixes {me(N)-} and {nge-} in 4 Year- Old Children

Prefixes {me(N)-} and {nge-} in Indonesian are interesting to study because the prefixes {me (N)-} and {nge-} are allomorphs of two forms that represent a function. Our 4-year-old children are able to differentiate the use of prefix {me(N)-} and {nge}. The purpose of this study is to identify and describe the use of the prefixes {meN-} and {nge-} in 4-year-old children, the variation of morpheme used by 4-year-old children in their communication, and the context that causes morpheme variations {meN-} and {nge-} in 4-year-old children. The method used in this research is descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The data in this study are a combination of the results of interactions with participants and the children's corpus. The data used in the form of morphemes when the children talk and play. Those are obtained by recording all the children's activities. The recording is transcribed and classified according to the purpose of the study. The findings in this study show that the use of the prefixes {me(N)-} and {nge-} in 4-yearold children vary as much as adults regardless of the very low productivity of each child. Besides, the general findings in this study show that 4-year-old children use formal basic verbs frequently to communicate. The contexts that cause variations in morpheme {me (N) -} and {nge-} are settings and participants.
Intention to Use Behavioral Health Data From a Health Information Exchange: Mixed Methods Study

Background Patients with co-occurring behavioral health and chronic medical conditions frequently overuse inpatient hospital services. This pattern of overuse contributes to inefficient health care spending. These patients require coordinated care to achieve optimal health outcomes. However, the poor exchange of health-related information between various clinicians renders the delivery of coordinated care challenging. Health information exchanges (HIEs) facilitate health-related information sharing and have been shown to be effective in chronic disease management; however, their effectiveness in the delivery of integrated care is less clear. It is prudent to consider new approaches to sharing both general medical and behavioral health information. Objective This study aims to identify and describe factors influencing the intention to use behavioral health information that is shared through HIEs. Methods We used a mixed methods design consisting of two sequential phases. A validated survey instrument was emailed to clinical and nonclinical staff in Alabama and Oklahoma. The survey captured information about the impact of predictors on the intention to use behavioral health data in clinical decision making. Follow-up interviews were conducted with a subsample of participants to elaborate on the survey results. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to analyze survey data. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes from the interviews. Results A total of 62 participants completed the survey. In total, 63% (n=39) of the participants were clinicians. Performance expectancy (β=.382; P=.01) and trust (β=.539; P<.001) predicted intention to use behavioral health information shared via HIEs. The interviewees (n=5) expressed that behavioral health information could be useful in clinical decision making. However, privacy and confidentiality concerns discourage sharing this information, which is generally missing from patient records altogether. The interviewees also stated that training for HIE use was not mandatory; the training that was provided did not focus specifically on the exchange of behavioral health information. Conclusions Despite barriers, individuals are willing to use behavioral health information from HIEs if they believe that it will enhance job performance and if the information being transmitted is trustworthy. The findings contribute to our understanding of the role HIEs can play in delivering integrated care, particularly to vulnerable patients.
A systematic review of foreign language learning with immersive technologies (2001-2020)

This study provides a systematic literature review of research (2001–2020) in the field of teaching and learning a foreign language and intercultural learning using immersive technologies. Based on 2507 sources, 54 articles were selected according to a predefined selection criteria. The review is aimed at providing information about which immersive interventions are being used for foreign language learning and teaching and where potential research gaps exist. The papers were analyzed and coded according to the following categories: (1) investigation form and education level, (2) degree of immersion, and technology used, (3) predictors, and (4) criterions. The review identified key research findings relating the use of immersive technologies for learning and teaching a foreign language and intercultural learning at cognitive, affective, and conative levels. The findings revealed research gaps in the area of teachers as a target group, and virtual reality (VR) as a fully immersive intervention form. Furthermore, the studies reviewed rarely examined behavior, and implicit measurements related to inter- and trans-cultural learning and teaching. Inter- and transcultural learning and teaching especially is an underrepresented investigation subject. Finally, concrete suggestions for future research are given. The systematic review contributes to the challenge of interdisciplinary cooperation between pedagogy, foreign language didactics, and Human-Computer Interaction to achieve innovative teaching-learning formats and a successful digital transformation.