Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) induced stress granules (SGS) and implications of eIF2alpha phosphorylation on viral translation

Mammalian orthoreoviruses (MRV) are non-fusogenic, nonenveloped, icosahedral, RNA viruses, containing a 10-segmented double-stranded RNA genome, belonging to the family Reoviridae. Infection with many mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) strains results in shutoff of host, but not viral, protein synthesis via protein kinase R (PKR) activation and phosphorylation of translation initiation factor eIF2 . When cells are under stressful environments, such as heat shock, oxidative stress, nutritional starvation, and viral infection, several kinases (PKR, PERK, HRI, or GCN) are activated, which phosphorylate eIF2 ser), resulting in the formation of stress granules (SGs), discrete areas in the cytoplasm where cellular mRNAs are held in a translationally inactive state. We examined MRV-infected cells to characterize SG formation in response to MRV infection. We found SGs formed at early times following infection (2-6 h p.i.) in a manner dependent on phosphorylation of eIF2 . MRV induced SG formation in all four eIF2 kinase knockout cell lines, suggesting at least two kinases are involved in induction of SGs. Inhibitors of MRV disassembly prevented MRV-induced SG formation, indicating that viral uncoating is a required step for SG formation. Inactivation of MRV virions by ultraviolet (UV) light, or treatment of MRV-infected cells with the translational inhibitor, puromycin, did not prevent SG formation, suggesting that viral transcription and translation are not required for SG formation. Viral cores were found to colocalize with SGs, however, cores from UVinactivated virions did not associate with SGs, suggesting viral core particles are recruited into SGs in a process that requires the synthesis of viral mRNA. These results demonstrate that MRV particles induce SGs in a step following viral disassembly but preceding viral mRNA transcription, and that core particles are themselves recruited to SGs, suggesting the
Lack of biochemical, genetic and morphometric evidence for discrete stocks of northwest Atlantic herring Clupea harengus harengus

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, P.O. Box 796. Turner's Falls. Massachusetts 01376 Susan E. Safford u.s. Fish and Wildlife Service, P.O. Box 796 Turner's Falls. Massachusetts 01376 Present address: Graduate Center of Toxicology. 204 Funkhouser Building University of Kentucky, Lexington. Kentucky 40506-0054 Lack of biochemical genetic and morphometric evidence for discrete stocks of Northwest Atlantic herring Clupea harengus harengus
Designing Allosteric Inhibitors of Thrombin

Designing Allosteric Inhibitors of Thrombin By Preetpal Singh Sidhu A Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Commonwealth University, 2011 Director: Dr. Umesh R. Desai Professor, Department of Medicinal Chemistry Thrombin is a key enzyme of the coagulation cascade exhibiting important roles in both procoagulation and anti-coagulation processes. Most clinically used anticoagulant drugs, including polymeric heparin, warfarin, hirudin, argatroban and the recently approved dabigatran, aim to reduce thrombin activity. There are several binding domains on thrombin including the active site, anion-binding exosites I and II, and the sodium binding site. We hypothesized that thrombin may be better regulated through an allosteric process mediated by small molecules binding to either exosite I or II. An appropriately designed allosteric regulator that reduces the procoagulant signal in a finely tuned manner may maintain a delicate balance between procoagulant and anticoagulant signals in blood resulting reduced bleeding complications.
Effects of plyometric training on Electromyographic changes and jump shoot performance among female handball players

Success in many sports depends heavily on the athlete's explosive power and muscular strength. The athlete must be able to use strength as quickly and forcefully as possible. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of a 4-week plyometric training program on motor unit number and response time of muscles (upper and lower limbs) during jump shoot performance among female handball players. Three female handball players from the ELSHAMS club participated in this study. Subjects performed 4 – 6 sets of 20 repetition jumps from a 40-cm box and medicine ball exercises for three days a week for four weeks. The EMG activities in the lower extremity muscles, which include the vastus medialis (VM), rectus femoris (RF) vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris (BF), gastrocnemius – medial part(GMe), gastrocnemius lateral part (GLa), soleus (S) and tibialis anterior (TA), and upper extremity muscles, which include biceps brachi (BB), deltoid – anterior (BAn), deltoid - medial part (DMe), deltoid – rear part (DRe), extensors of the wrist (EW), erector spinae (ES), infras pinatus (IP) and latissimus dorsi (LD) muscles, during jump shoot performance were assessed pre- and post-training. The results showed significant increases in the EMG activities (IEMG) of all muscles following plyometric training (P < 0.05). The high increase was due to the motor units of the biceps femoris muscle (BF), 332%. In conclusion, plyometric training can significantly improve EMG activity and power among female handball players.
Exploring Social Media Affordances in Natural Disaster: Case Study of 2015 Myanmar Flood

This study examines the emerging use of social media in complex social phenomenon, natural disasters. By adopting an affordance perspective, we focus on how local communities harness the power of social media in disaster response. Using an interpretive approach, we identify different affordances of social media and examine how these affordances enable local communities to respond to disaster situations and achieve social outcomes in the case of 2015 Myanmar flood. The lack of theoretical development in research on societal consequences of emerging technologies (e.g. social media) makes this study timely, relevant, and worthwhile. Our findings demonstrate that social media transformed the way citizens, organizations, emergency responders, and government think and act creatively, improvising new means of addressing the challenges posted by a disaster. This study generates theoretical and practical implications for understanding the role of social media in addressing societal challenges in developing countries.
Serological evaluation of canine coronavirus antibodies.

ABSTRACT - Canine enteric coronavirus (CECoV) is an infectious disease, affecting dogs and being responsible for the occurrence of diarrhoea with various degrees of severity in puppies. Research has covered two main directions: the establishment of canine coronavirus carriers among healthy animals and those with digestive troubles (diarrhoea, vomiting and weight loss), and the assessment, after vaccination with canine anticoronavirus vaccine, of specific antibody titer type IgG and IgM. The values of optical density, determined by indirect ELISA for anticoronavirus antibodies type IgM, have varied from 93 to 1004, showing the specific immune response after infection and the establishment of canine coronavirus carriers and disposers. The values of optical density, determined by indirect ELISA for anticoronavirus antibodies type IgG, have varied after 14 days, from 89 to 556, while after 21 days, from 312 to 723. In case of anticoronavirus antibodies type IgM, after 14 days, the same values varied from 43 to 267, while after 21 days, from 45 to 253, showing the specific immune response after vaccine. The obtained results allowed us to assess the importance of knowing the carrier and removal status of canine coronavirus, as a source of infection for other animals, not necessarily belonging to the same breeds. These could develop very severe diseases, even lethal ones.
Comparative behavior and physiology of feral and domestic honeybees, Apis mellifera L.

8 To determine if temperature and water conservation/ collection play a significant role in the success of feral honeybees, experiments in foraging behavior, temperature tolerance, water balance, hemolymph osmolality regulation and uric acid concentrations of both feral and domestic bees were conducted. This study shows that feral honeybees collect larger volumes of liquid and have higher critical thermal maxima (CTMs) than domestic honeybees. Feral bees may need more liquid for thermoregulation than do domestic bees. The rate of water loss did not differ significantly between the two types of honeybees. Hemolymph osmolality was slightly significant lower in feral bees. In response to desiccation, both feral and domestic bees showed reduced concentrations of proteins and amino acids in the blood. Therefore both types of honeybees maintained hemolymph osmolality during desiccation. There were no differences in mean concentrations of uric acid in feral vs domestic bees and no difference as a result of desiccation. This indicates that uric acid is regulated but is not an osmoeffector.
Sistem Ekonomi (Islam) dan Pelarangan Riba dalam Perspektif Historis

Allah has given the guidance in the form of Islam for Muslim to take and lead all the aspects of life including the economic activity. The Islamic economic system is believed to be the answer of the economic problems that exist at this time. The goal is to achieve falah in kaffah by not doing some economic activities that are in violation as prescribed by Islam. For example is riba. Discourse on riba can be said "classical" both in the development of Islamic thought and in Islamic civilization because riba often occurs in all aspects of public life, especially economic transactions (in Islam called muamalah). Riba is an additional retrieval, either in a sale and purchase transaction or lending in a false or contrary to the principle of muamalah in Islam. Prohibition of riba is obtained from various sources by the Qur'an and Hadith Rasulullah SAW, so the scholars firmly and clearly defined the prohibition of riba because there are exploitative elements that can harm the others. So, this study is aimed to identif yIslamic economic system and the prohibition of riba in historical perspective. From the results of this study is expected to be a good reference for the reader to understand the Islamic economic system and riba in the future . Saran sitasi: Budiantoro, R. , Sasmita, R. , & Widiastuti, T. (2018). Sistem Ekonomi (Islam) dan Pelarangan Riba dalam Perspektif Historis. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 4 (01), 1-13. doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.29040/jiei.v4i1. 138
Rapid adaptation to a novel host in bean weevils: the role of sexual selection

Speciation is the process describing the formation of new species and is at the heart of evolutionary biology. According to the biological species concept only reproductively isolated forms are regarded good species. This thesis aims at identifying evolutionary processes that cause population divergence and, ultimately, speciation. Natural and sexual selection are two major candidates driving changes in traits that could render populations reproductively incompatible. In recent years, biologists have recognized that most animal species are polygamous. Therefore, sexual selection does not end at mating but continues to include interactions between individuals after mating has occurred but before zygote formation. Male-male sperm competition and cryptic female choice are two main forms of postmating sexual selection shaping reproductive traits like behaviour. The studies presented in this thesis focus on laboratory experiments attempting to identify the role of postmating sexual selection in causing reproductive divergence across populations in beetles. The majority of studies were performed using a Bruchid beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus, a common, worldwide pest on stored leguminose seeds. I used two major methodological approaches. One approach seeks to identify the traces left by past selection among extant conspecific populations, by assessing the pattern of female reproductive responses to mating with males of decreasing relatedness. Second, I used a selection experiment to disentangle the joint effect of natural and sexual selection acting simultaneously on diverging replicated selection lines. In general, these experiments revealed that postmating sexual selection can be a powerful engine of incipient divergence between allopatric populations. Changes in traits underlying variables such as female reproductive output, female mating rate or male success in sperm competition evolved rapidly and could in some cases effectively reduce gene flow between conspecific populations. While postmating sexual selection per se can drive divergence, I found that interactions with natural selection can limit divergence in reproductive characters. Sexual selection tended to reinforce natural selection under strong directional selection. In contrast, sexual selection inflicted a reproductive load on populations under weak natural selection. Thus, the joint effects of natural and sexual selection on allopatric populations are non-trivial and should be considered in greater detail in future studies of early divergence.
Modulation of excitatory synaptic transmission in the rat spinal dorsal horn

Cerne, Rok, "Modulation of excitatory synaptic transmission in the rat spinal dorsal horn " (1993). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. Paper 10799. This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfîhn master. UMI fihns the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9 " black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. 1993 Signature was redacted for privacy.
OVERVIEW OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

This article will give you an idea of what financial management is. We describe how finances are related to the overall business and discuss the different forms of business organization. For corporations, the goal of management should be to maximize shareholders' wealth, which means increasing the value of the shares. When we say "maximizing stock value," we mean "true, long-term value," which may be different from the current share price. Good managers understand the importance of ethics and realize that maximizing long-term value is in line with social responsibility. Finally, we discuss how companies should provide the right incentives to make managers focus on long-term maximization of value. This article explains the role of finance and different types of jobs in finance; How to identify the advantages and disadvantages of different forms of business organization; Explains the links between stock price, intrinsic value and contractor compensation; Discusses the importance of business ethics and the consequences of unethical behavior Determines potential conflicts that arise within the company between shareholders and managers and between shareholders and bondholders and discusses the techniques companies can use to mitigate these potential conflicts.Most scientists believe that maximizing shareholder wealth should be the primary focus of the company, but it is not clear that people elsewhere really know how to implement it. PricewaterhouseCoopers (PWC), a global consulting firm, conducted a survey of 82 Singapore companies to test their understanding and application of shareholder value concepts. Nine percent of respondents said their primary goal was to raise shareholders' value but only 44 percent had taken steps to achieve that goal. Moreover, almost half of the respondents who have shareholder value programs said they were dissatisfied with the results achieved so far. However, those responsible for the shareholder value were more likely to believe that their shares were comparatively valuable than those with other focus, while 50% of those who did not have a specific program said they wanted to learn more probably would have accepted the goal of maximizing shareholders' wealth eventually.The survey found that firms measure efficiency primarily with accounting measures such as return on assets, capital, or invested capital. These measures are easy to understand and thus implemented, although they are not the best conceptual ones. When compensation was tied to shareholder value, it was only for mid-level managers and above.It is unclear how these results match US firms but companies in the United States and Singapore will certainly agree on one thing: It is easier to determine the goal of maximizing shareholder wealth than to understand how to achieve this.
Olive Leaf Extract and a-Tocopherol Combination Therapy Attenuates Doxorubicin Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats

Background: Cardiotoxicity is a serious side effect of Doxorubicin (DOX), which is a very effective drug used in the management of several malignancies. Oxidative stress is thought to play the major role in DOX toxicity. Several antioxidants such as vitamin E and anti-inflammatory substances like Olive Leaf Extract (OLE) used to attenuate DOX toxicity. Aim: This experimental study tests the hypothesis that, co-administration of both Vit-E and OLE will have a synergistic and/or additive effects, and that their concomitant use is better than using either alone in alleviating DOX Induced Cardiac Toxicity (DICT) in rats. Material and Methods: For the first 2 weeks, 4 groups of Wistar rats (n=8 in each) received intraperitoneal (i.p) DOX (total 20mg/kg) injections (DOX groups). Three of them also received either daily OLE: 500mg/kg BW or daily a-tocopherol 100mg/kg BW, or both for a period of 4 weeks. A control group of rats that received only i.p. saline was also included. All groups were tested for parameters of myocardial contractility and left ventricular function (LVDP, LVEDP and dp/dt max), Aortic Pressure (AoP), markers of myocardial tissue injury (cTnI, LDH, AST and ANP), and oxidative stress state (MDA, GSH, GPx and SOD). Results: Combined OLE and Vit-E therapy with DOX improved Myocardial Contractility (MC), Left Ventricular Functions (LVF) and reduces Aortic Pressure (AoP), it also protected from DOX induced cardiac tissue injury and attenuated the accompanying oxidative stress state better than either alone. Conclusion: The results of the present study confirm the beneficial effects of combined OLE and Vit-E therapy in ameliorating DICT in rats.
Effect of yeast supplementation on feed intake and thermal stress mitigation in buffaloes

Murrah buffaloes (18) divided into 3 groups of 6 animals each. Group 1 served as control, group 2 exposed to heat stress, group 3 exposed to heat stress and supplemented with yeast powder. The animals of heat exposed groups (group 2 and group 3) were kept at 40 Degree Celcius for 4 h daily for 16 days. During the period of heat exposure animal's physiological responses were recorded at every fourth day. Dry matter intake recording and supplementation of yeast started 21 days before heat exposure. Feed intake recording was done daily. Supplementation of yeast resulted into significant increase in DMI of group 3 before thermal exposure and thereafter dropped marginally during heat exposure. DMI decreased significantly in group 2 due to heat stress. Physiological responses (RR, PR and RT) did not differ significantly in all the 3 groups before exposure to thermal stress. On exposing the animals at 40Degree Celcius, RR, PR and RT increased significantly in all the 3 groups compared to beginning of the exposure. RR, PR and RT were significantly higher in groups 2 and 3 compared to group 1. In group 3, RR and PR dropped significantly and RT nonsignificantly compared to group 2, however, the values of all these parameters remained significantly higher compared to group 1. The results indicated that supplementation of yeast prevented decrease in DMI but RR and PR decreased significantly and RT nonsignificantly.
Régulation des processus de réparation de l’épithélium bronchique sain et Fibrose Kystique par le TNF-alpha

Cystic fibrosis (CF) pathology, caused by mutations of cftr gene, leads to ion and fluid transport dysfunction that results in mucus thickening and accumulation in the airways. This mucus accumulation promotes bacterial infection and airway inflammation associated with progressive airway epithelial damage in CF patients, unfortunately leading to respiratory failure. However, the effect of inflammatory products on the repair capacity of respiratory epithelia is unclear. Thus, the objective of my project was to study the regulation of normal and CF bronchial epithelial repair mechanisms by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF)-α, a major component of inflammation initiation and propagation in CF. With a wound healing model, we observed that TNF-α stimulated the non-CF (NuLi1) and CF (CuFi-1) bronchial wound healing rate. Surprisingly, chronic exposure to TNF-α enhanced this stimulation as well as the migration rate during repair. This wound healing rate stimulation by TNF-! seems to be due to metalloproteinase MMP-9 activation, EGF shedding by epithelial cells and subsequent EGFR transactivation. Furthermore, we recently reported a crucial relationship between the EGF response and K channel function, both controlling bronchial repair. We now show that TNF-α wound healing stimulation also implicated KvLQT1 and KATP currents activation. In contrast to its effect on cell migration, TNF-! downregulate cell proliferation. Thus, in addition to its recognized role in the inflammatory response leading to epithelial injury, TNF-α could exert complex actions on repair mechanisms of CF airway epithelia by upregulating cell migration while downregulating proliferation.