Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
STRONG MOLECULAR HYDROGEN EMISSION AND KINEMATICS OF THE MULTIPHASE GAS IN RADIO GALAXIES WITH FAST JET-DRIVEN OUTFLOWS

Observations of ionized and neutral gas outflows in radio galaxies (RGs) suggest that active galactic nucleus (AGN) radio jet feedback has a galaxy-scale impact on the host interstellar medium, but it is still unclear how the molecular gas is affected. Thus, it is crucial to determine the physical conditions of the molecular gas in powerful RGs to understand how radio sources may regulate the star formation in their host galaxies. We present deep Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) high-resolution spectroscopy of eight nearby RGs that show fast H i outflows. Strikingly, all of these H i-outflow RGs have bright H2 mid-IR lines that cannot be accounted for by UV or X-ray heating. This strongly suggests that the radio jet, which drives the H i outflow, is also responsible for the shock excitation of the warm H2 gas. In addition, the warm H2 gas does not share the kinematics of the ionized/neutral gas. The mid-IR-ionized gas lines (with FWHM up to 1250 km s−1 for [Ne ii] 12.8 μm) are systematically broader than the H2 lines, which are resolved by the IRS in ≈60% of the detected lines (with FWHM up to 900 km s−1). In five sources, 3C 236, 3C 293, 3C 459, 4C 12.50, and PKS 1549-79, the [Ne ii] 12.8 μm line, and to a lesser extent the [Ne iii] 15.5 μm and [Ne v] 14.3 μm lines, clearly exhibits blueshifted wings (up to −900 km s−1 with respect to the systemic velocity) that match well the kinematics of the outflowing H i or ionized gas. The H2 lines do not show these broad wings, except tentative detections in 4C 12.50, 3C 459, and PKS 1549-79. This shows that, contrary to the H i gas, the H2 gas is inefficiently coupled to the AGN jet-driven outflow of ionized gas. While the dissipation of a small fraction (<10%) of the jet kinetic power can explain the turbulent heating of the molecular gas, our data show that the bulk of the warm molecular gas is not expelled from these galaxies.
Low metal loading catalysts used for the selective hydrogenation of styrene

A series of Group VIII metal catalysts was obtained for the semi-hydrogenation of styrene. Catalysts were characterized by Hydrogen Chemisorption, TPR and XPS. Palladium, rhodium and platinum low metal loading prepared catalysts presented high activity and selectivity (ca. 98%) during the semi-hydrogenation of styrene, being palladium the most active catalyst. The ruthenium catalyst also presented high selectivity (ca. 98%), but the lowest activity. For the palladium catalyst, the influence of the precursor salt and of the reduction temperature on the activity and selectivity were studied. The following activity series was obtained: PdN-423 > PdCl-673 > PdCl-373> PtCl-673 > RhCl-673 >> RuCl-673. As determined by XPS, differences in activity could be attributed, at least in part, to electronic effects.
Diversity of planetary systems from evolution of solids in protoplanetary disks

We have developed and applied a model designed to track simultaneously the evolution of gas and solids in protoplanetary disks from an early stage, when all solids are in the dust form, to the stage when most solids are in the form of a planetesimal swarm. The model is computationally ecient and allows for a global, comprehensive approach to the evolution of solid particles due to gas-solid coupling, coagulation, sedimentation, and evaporation/condensation. The co-evolution of gas and solids is calculated for 10 7 yr for several evolution regimes and starting from a comprehensive domain of initial conditions. The output of a single evolutionary run is a spatial distribution of mass locked in a planetesimal swarm. Because swarm's mass distribution is related to the architecture of a nascent planetary system, diversity of swarms is taken as a proxy for a diversity of planetary systems. We have found that disks with low values of specic angular momentum are bled out of solids and do not form planetary systems. Disks with high and intermediate values of specic angular momentum form diverse planetary systems. Solar-like planetary systems form from disks with initial masses0.02 M and angular momenta3 10 52 gc m 2 s 1 . Planets more massive than Jupiter can form at locations as close as 1 AU from
Numerical methods in tomography

In this article we review the image reconstruction algorithms used in tomography. We restrict ourselves to the standard problems in the reconstruction of function from line or plane integrals as they occur in X-ray tomography, nuclear medicine, magnetic resonance imaging, and electron microscopy. Nonstandard situations, such as incomplete data, unknown orientations, local tomography, and discrete tomography are not dealt with. Nor do we treat nonlinear tomographic techniques such as impedance, ultrasound, and near-infrared imaging.
Beyond the intelligent shell concept: the clean-mode-control

Due to their discrete nature, a grid of active coils for the feedback control of plasma instabilities produces an infinite sequence of sideband harmonics in the magnetic field. If the magnetic sensors have the same periodicity as the coils, as in the intelligent shell scheme (Bishop 1989 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 31 1179), the aliasing of the sidebands determines a systematic error on the Fourier analysis of the measurements. Since the intelligent shell scheme relies on raw measurements, it does not recognize the aliasing effect. This is a drawback for error field compensation and for the control of those perturbations that cannot be suppressed by the feedback, but only reduced in their saturation level, such as the non-linear tearing modes (TMs) involved in the dynamo process of reversed field pinch machines. We have derived analytical formulae, valid in cylindrical geometry, for the subtraction of the sideband effect, and we implemented them in a real-time correction algorithm of the Fourier analysis of the magnetic measurements. The Fourier harmonics so obtained are used as the feedback variable of a new control scheme named clean-mode-control (CMC). The first tests of CMC in RFX-mod have given some interesting results in the control of the saturated TMs: besides a reduction of the radial field at the edge and the consequent plasma surface distortion, a systematic rotation of these perturbations with frequencies of up to 100 Hz is seen for the first time. This brings a mitigation of the phase-locking and wall-locking phenomena giving the possibility of operating safely at high currents.
DESIGN OF MODEL BASED LQG CONTROL FOR INTEGRATED BUILDING SYSTEMS

The automation of the operation of integrated building systems requires using modern control techniques to enhance the quality of the building indoor environments. This paper describes the theatrical base and practical application of an optimal dynamic regulator using modelbased Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control design for integrated building systems. This LQG regulator consists of an optimal state-feedback controller and an optimal state estimator. In this case, a performance criterion is minimized in order to maintain the indoor temperature of the building comfortable within a minimum energy consumption. Besides this regulation performance, a Kalman filter (KF) is used to minimize the asymptotic covariance of the estimation error when those building systems are encountered with disturbances. Particularly, this paper is concerned with the relevance and reliability of integrating control and building performance simulation environments by run-time coupling, over TCP/IP protocol suite. In addition, this paper involves a case-study with two important steps; the first step consists of experiments obtained in a test-cell that demonstrate the potential ability of advanced control strategies in buildings, and then simulation results are obtained with the use of distributed control and building performance simulation software by run-time coupling.
Search for Majorana Fermions in Superconductors

Majorana fermions (particles that are their own antiparticle) may or may not exist in nature as elementary building blocks, but in condensed matter they can be constructed out of electron and hole excitations. What is needed is a superconductor to hide the charge difference and a topological (Berry) phase to eliminate the energy difference from zero-point motion. A pair of widely separated Majorana fermions, bound to magnetic or electrostatic defects, has non-Abelian exchange statistics. A qubit encoded in this Majorana pair is expected to have an unusually long coherence time. I discuss strategies to detect Majorana fermions in a topological superconductor, as well as possible applications in a quantum computer. The status of the experimental search is reviewed.
Mechanism of Action of Eosin-Methylene Blue Agar in the Differentiation of Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes

The mechanism involved in the action of eosin-methylene blue agar (EMB) in differentiating Escherichia coli from Enterobacter aerogenes was investigated using prototrophic strains of these organisms and a Lac − auxotroph, E. coli X-961. The final pH of the EMB agar resulting from growth of these organisms at the expense of lactose was shown to play a critical role in the differential action. An EMB complex, which formed under acidic conditions, appeared to be involved in the differential action of this medium. The molecular weight of the complex indicated an eosin to methylene blue ratio of 1 to 1. Ultraviolet and infrared spectral data indicated the occurrence of an amide bond between the dyes when complexing occurred. On this basis, a mechanism for complexing of eosin and methylene blue, under acidic conditions, was proposed.
Working Paper No. 264

The performance of the U.S. economy between 1994 and 1998 has been superb. Real GDP growth has averaged over 3 percent per year. Unemployment has fallen from 6.6 percent in January 1994 to 4.5 percent in June 1998. The change in the consumer price index for urban consumers has averaged below 3 percent per year. These solid economic fundamentals have been accompanied by booming asset prices. Between January 1994 and June 1998 the Standard & Poors' 500 Index has appreciated almost 150 percent. Since March 1997 bond prices have been steadily increasing (and yields decreasing), producing the lowest yields ever in July 1998 on 30-year Treasury securities.
Ameliorative effect of seed extract of Pterocarpus santalinus on coragen induced haematological alterations and serum biochemical changes in Charles Foster rats

In the present study, the ameliorative effect of an aqueous extract of Pterocarpus santalinus against coragen induced haematological changes, biochemical alterations and oxidative damage in Charles foster rats was undertaken. Coragen administration (1000 mg kg-1 body weight orally for 6 weeks) was associated with significant rise in serum levels of alkaline phosphatase, urea, uric acid and creatinine and enhanced lipid peroxidation which is evident by significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Furthermore, significant changes in the haematological indices (red blood cell (RBC) count, haemoglobin percentage, haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume of RBCs, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and white blood cell (WBC) count) were observed. Treatment with aqueous seed extract of P. santalinus (300 mg kg-1 body weight orally for 30 days) attenuated the oxidative stress and improved haematological as well as biochemical alterations evoked by Coragen. Thus, P. santalinus possesses ameliorative effect against coragen induced toxicity. Key words: Pterocarpus santalinus, coragen, lipid peroxidation, oxidative damage, MDA.
Fivefold Symmetric Photonic Quasi-Crystal Fiber for Dispersion Compensation from S- to L-Band and Optimized at 1.55 μm

A highly dispersive dual core quasi-periodic photonic crystal fiber is proposed for chromatic dispersion compensation. The dispersion for the dual concentric core fiber is optimized to compensate the chromatic dispersion with a high negative dispersion, accomplishing the communication bandwidth from S-band (1460 nm) to L-band (1625 nm). By precise control of structural parameter we have achieved a maximum dispersion of −18,838 ps/nm-km with the phase matching wavelength centred around 1.55 μm. We also numerically investigate the influence of structural parameter and doping effects and its response on peak dispersion parameter.
Aspects of the endothelin system in colorectal cancer

Endothelin system members including endothelin-1, endothelin-2, endothelin-3, endothelin receptors, and endothelin converting enzyme are considered major regulating factors in cancer cell biology and cancer microenvironment. Endothelins are members of the matrix metalloproteinase superfamily of proteases, which are released from pre-proteins, bind to their receptors with differential affinity, and are degraded following cellular uptake. For their structural similarity, endothelin-2 and endothelin-3 can be regarded as natural competitors for the endothelin-1 receptors and as natural antagonists of endothelin-1. Endothelin-1 is regulated at several levels, primarily at the level of transcription. Remarkably, endothelin-1 is overexpressed in colorectal cancer, and elevated plasma levels were found in colorectal cancer patients. Endothelin receptor type A has an unequal distribution in the colon, as it is over-expressed in the proximal and distal segments of the colon. Compared with normal mucosal tissue, there is high expression of endothelin receptor type A and low expression of endothelin receptor type B in colorectal cancer at all Dukes stages. By binding to endothelin receptor type A, endothelin-1 leads to down-regulation of epithelial and increased expression of mesenchymal markers. Also, endothelin-1 acts as anti-apoptotic factor through multiple pathways like PI3K-dependent AKT activation or NF-κB signaling. Members of the endothelin system might be used as cancer biomarker and from a therapeutic point of view, targeting the endothelin axis is a promising aim. In effect, potential drugs may include endothelin converting enzyme inhibitors as well as selective and non-selective antagonists of endothelin receptor types A and B. Biomedical Reviews 2014; 25: 1-13.
Occupational burnout assessment among nurses working in Iranian hospital of Ali-ebn Abitaleb, Rafsanjan- Iran

Received: July 2012, Accepted: October 2012 Background: Burnout, a phenomenon that is of interest for both individuals and organizations, is characterized by decreasing energy, power and resources in the presence of excessive demands. Nurses are more prone to develop burnout due to both the emotional nature of their jobs as well as patients' demand. The present study was aimed to assess burnout among nurses working in the Iranian hospital of Ali-ebn Abitaleb Rafsanjan, Iran 2010. Material and Methods: in this descriptive study, 134 nurses (working in Med-Surge, ER, ICU, CCU, and Neurology units) were randomly recruited. The data were collected in two sections. Demographic variables including age, sex, diet, work experience, marital and employment status and academic degree were asked in the first section. Maslach burnout tool was applied for measuring burnout in nurses, in the second section. Results: Most nurses (63%) were women and married (74.8%). Mean age of nurses was 33.84 ± 8.7 years with a minimum of 24 and maximum of 53 years. Mean score of burnout was 78.43 ± 15 with a minimum of 26 and maximum of 132. There was a significant association, between gender and degree of burnout (p <0.05). Higher score of burnout was reported among those with shorter duration of working in their job (0-5 years) comparing to nurses with a longer duration (more than 20 years) of working in their job (p <0.05). Conclusions: Our findings showed that burnout affected nurses significantly. Therefore, it seems that this problem must be studied and related factors should be recognized, in order to reduce burnout among nurses. Many aspects of nurse's job should be noticed and appropriate intervention should be conducted. These aspects include their salary, job security, their lesure and their dayly working hours.
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN TEACHER– STUDENT RELATIONS AND SCHOOL ADJUSTMENT COMPETENCIES IN TURKEY

In this study, the researcher examined the direct and indirect effects of student-teacher relationship, students’ social skills, and behavioral orientation on students’ academic competency in Turkish first-grade educational settings. For most Turkish children, the entry into first grade is their first formal schooling experience. Understanding how children negotiate this new experience and documenting the relationships that they build with teachers is crucial, considering that early teacher-child relationships have important long term implications for children’s school success. The findings suggest that supportive teacher student relationships have a prominent impact on the development of academic and social competency. The implications for early childhood education and research are discussed. Article visualizations:
Correlation Between Geological Logs and Geophysical Logs to Estimate Aquifer Positions in the Crystalline Basement Rocks of the Birimian System, Ghana

This study has enabled the lithological units intersected by a well, locate contacts of adjacent beds, locate depth to groundwater and determine the thickness of the units. Records of three geophysical logs parameters; resistivity, gamma ray and self-potential (SP) measured in five boreholes which were drilled as part of a Rural Water Supply Project Phase II in the Juabeso –Bia District were correlated with the geological logs on site from the drill cuttings of the bore hole. The boreholes depths were between 45-52m and were drilled over hornblende, phyllites and granites which constitute part of the various rock types of the Birimian system. Deflections of the SP logs established the presence of permeable rock formations. Alternatively, the long-short- normal logs distinguished between permeable and impermeable beds by recording lower or higher apparent resistivity signals respectively on the log sheet. These anomalies are identified mostly in the weathered zones and also within the fresh rocks. In almost all the boreholes the gamma ray logs indicated low clay content which may be due to the absence of intensely weathered rocks or low concentration of radioactive rocks within the survey area. The application of gamma ray logs rely on the fact that the concentrations of radioactive isotopes varies from one rock type to another and that acidic rocks are more radioactive than the basaltic rocks hence most of the rocks in the project area is more basaltic. Though the SP deflection was able to indicate permeable formations there was no guarantee that the rock formation could contain water. However, the combined interpretation of the three other logs shows that deflections of SP close to the basement rocks and lower resistivity values on the long-short-normal logs generally indicated the presence of water bearing formations. Three lithological units were identified over the various rock types: a top layer predominantly clay of thickness between 0-25m overlying a weathered zone about 16-45m thick above the fresh rocks of the various types. Keywords: lithological, resistivity, Birimian, geological, geophysical, rock
Childhood Adversity and PTSD Experiences: Testing a Multiple Mediator Model

The association between childhood adversity and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology has been argued to be both directly and indirectly explained through a number of psychological mechanisms. This study builds on recent findings from an analysis of childhood adversity co-occurrence that revealed 4 groups: emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and multiple (overall) abuse and a no-abuse group to investigate the relationship between PTSD experiences. Data was analyzed using a Danish stratified probability survey that included 2980 interviews of 24-year-olds. A multiple mediator model was conducted to assess the role of self-esteem, social support, and being bullied at school on the abuse types and PTSD experiences. Results indicated that the 3 mediating variables were all statistically significant with low social support exerting the strongest influence in the association between childhood adversity and PTSD experiences. Low self-esteem, however, was only associated with sexual abuse. The current study supports that there are direct and indirect effects between childhood adversity and PTSD experiences but suggests there may be additional mechanisms underlying this relationship. Further exploration into underlying mechanisms will promote and inform intervention and treatment programs.
Weighted Average Relative Price (WARP): A Supplement to Standard Real Effective Exchange Rates (REERs)

This paper describes a weighted average relative price (WARP) for the United States. The staff at the Federal Reserve Board has found it to be a useful supplement to the Board’s standard real effective exchange rate (REER) measures. The WARP attempts to measure the level of US prices relative to the prices of those countries that either trade directly with the United States or compete against US exporters in third markets. We review how REERs and the WARP are constructed and discuss why the WARP will reflect an interaction between differences in price levels and changing trade shares that REERs cannot capture. For the United States there is a significant difference between the secular movement in the REER and the WARP. Kewords: Competitiveness, International Comparison Project, PPP. 1. Introduction and Summary This paper describes our weighted average relative price (WARP). 1 The staff in the International Finance Division of the Federal Reserve Board has found it to be a useful supplement to the Board’s standard real effective exchange rate (REER) measures. The idea behind the WARP is very simple: It attempts to measure the level of US prices relative to the prices of those countries that either trade directly with the United States or compete against US exporters in third markets. 2 Later we describe in detail how this measure differs from standard real effective exchange rates (REERs), but first a little motivation is useful. As shown in Figure 1, between 1970 and 1985, the share of US trade that was with emerging market economies (EMEs) stayed fairly steady at about 25 per cent. Starting in the mid-eighties, as these economies became more integrated in the global trade network, their share in US trade grew and is now over 50 per cent. Since many EMEs had lower cost structures than the developed economies, this meant that a larger share of US and world trade was with relatively low-cost producers. We could see the effects of this on import prices and the pattern of trade, and it clearly had implications for US external balances and employment. However, the standard REERs, were not signalling any secular change in real exchange rates. There was no signal because the REERs are not designed to pick up this kind of secular change. The world was seeing a shift in the location of productive capacity. As a first order event, this was a change in quantities, not prices, and the REERs are designed to pick up only price changes. The point of the WARP is to capture the way shifting quantities (or productive capacities) interact with established differences in price levels to affect competitiveness.