Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Women and Men Municipal Managers Doing and Undoing Gender

Drawing on the literature from critical gender studies and feminist critiques of bureaucracy, we explore the demands for gender work created when women occupy traditionally masculine roles in municipal government management. The article traces the work performed when municipal managers and municipalities respond to gendered demands, maintain gender perceptions, and negotiate gendered expectations, collectively referred to as gender work. To examine this process, we apply inductive qualitative method to analyze 21 semistructured interviews with men and women municipal managers in southeast United States. Our study reveals gender work at different levels of organizational hierarchies and in multiple ways. We find that women CAOs perform masculine gender work to negotiate a place in municipal leadership. We also find that municipal governments and men CAOs do feminine gender work to cultivate an environment for women to occupy counterstereotypical roles. This study suggests that jobs, institutional rules and policies, informal arrangements, work structures, and individuals’ private lives interplay to require gender work from women that is more complex and more demanding than that required of men in the same roles.
Synthesis, Electrical Conductivity and Electrochemical Properties of SrFe1−xSbxO3−δ as Cathode Materials for IT-SOFCs

Fe-based perovskite oxides SrFe1-xSbxO3-δ (SFS, x = 0.05–0.15) have been prepared by a solid-state reaction and studied as novel cathode materials for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). As SOFC cathodes, the highest electrical conductivity of 100 S cm−1 at 425 oC in air was obtained for the x = 0.05 sample. The area-specific resistances of the SFS ( x = 0.05) cathode on the LSGM electrolyte where at 700 oC is 0.17 Ω cm2. All these results demonstrates that Sb-substituted SFS perovskites materials are promising cheaper alternative cathodes for an IT-SOFC.
Misconceptions and Unmet Need for Modern Contraception among Cambodian Females: A Mix Methods Study

(1) Background: Women using unreliable traditional contraception need to be included in the proportion of women having an ‘unmet need for modern contraception’ instead of the current classification which presumes they have a ‘met need’. (2) Methods: Mix methods research design comprising initial quantitative analyses utilizing data from the nationally representative 2014 Cambodian Demographic and Health Survey (CDHS) for 4823 Cambodian, sexually active females aged 15–29 years. Then a qualitative phase explored knowledge about the menstrual cycle and misconceptions about modern contraception with 30 females aged 15–29 years in urban Cambodia using semi-structured interviews, transcribed verbatim with quality checks. Purposive and snowball sampling strategies were used until data saturation was reached. Inductive thematic data analysis was conducted; (3) Results: Unmet need for modern contraception increased to 25.4% when traditional contraception users were included. The qualitative themes show women have a lack of information about the menstrual cycle and misconceptions about modern contraception which contributed to increased use of traditional contraception; (4) Conclusion: Major drivers of increased unmet need for modern contraception include lack of literacy, misconceptions and low autonomy to choose modern contraception. Cambodia needs to endorse a policy shift to implement targeted, countrywide sexual and reproductive health literacy and family planning services.
A New Correlation for the Initial Filter Coefficient under Unfavorable Surface Interactions

In deep-bed filtration, if the surface interactions between particles and collectors (i.e., filter grains) are unfavorable, particle deposition will be retarded. The extent of the reduction in deposition may be expressed as the ratio of the actual filter coefficient to that if the unfavorable surface interactions are absent, or α, the collision efficiency. Attempts have been made to relate α with operating and systems variables, but none of the proposed correlations is complete to include all the relevant variables. In the present study, by applying the Buckingham-π theory, α is shown to be a function of 11 dimensionless parameters. Further, by conducting partial regression analysis to available experimental data, only 4 of the 11 dimensionless parameters were found to exert strong influence on α. A correlation between α and the 4 dimensionless parameters identified from the partial regression analysis was established. This correlation was found to agree with experiments well. However, in view of the relatively small data base, the correlation must be regarded as a preliminary one.
Influence of sulphur cycle on mercury methylation in estuarine sediment (Seine estuary, France)

In order to investigate interaction between mercury speciation and reduced sulfur, speciation of mercury and sulfur were determined in sediment cores sampled in saline and freshwater wetlands of the Seine estuary, France. Solid phase was analyzed for total (HgT) and monomethyl mercury (MMHg), total sulfur, acid volatile sulfides (AVS), chromium reducible sulfur (CRS) and organic carbon. In porewater, in addition to total and methyl mercury, iron, manganese and sulfates were also determined. Levels of the HgT (0.5-2.0 mg/kg d.w.) in sediment of the Seine estuary were relatively high and typical for sediments in industrial area. The sediment contained 0.5-1.5 μ g/kg d.w. of MMHg, which made an average 0.1% of the HgT in sediment. Concentration of MMHg was found to be dependant more on the chemical conditions in sediment than on the level of HgT. Depth profiles of MMHg in the solid phase and HgT in porewater at two sites studied could be related to the production of AVS in sediment as well as to the redox conditions of porewater (defined by Eh and dissolved iron and manganese).
Flame Stretch and the Balance Equation for the Flame Area

Abstract When a flame propagates in a nonuniform flow it experiences strain and curvature effects. The fractional rate of change of the flame area constitutes the flame stretch. This quantity is often used to describe the structure and extinction mechanisms of turbulent flames. It also occurs in many recent studies of premixed laminar flames. This article provides a unified view of this concept on the basis of a novel derivation of stretch in terms of strain rate and curvature. The flame stretch, the rate of change of the normal to the flame front and the rate of change of the curvature are deduced from a general transport theorem. As an illustration, the components of flame stretch are evaluated in the case of a direct numerical simulation of the interaction between a pair of vortices and a laminar flame. Another application of flame stretch concerns the determination of the available flame surface density. A balance equation is derived for this quantity and cast in various useful forms thus providing a .
BODY WEIGHT AND PLASMA LIPOPROTEINS

Background: Body weight may have some effects on plasma lipoproteins. Methods: The study was performed in the Hematology and Internal Medicine Polyclinics on patients with sickle cell diseases (SCD) and routine check up cases. Results: The study included 122 patients with the SCD (58 females) and 176 age and sex-matched control cases, totally. Mean age of patients with the SCD was 28.6 years. The mean body weight and body mass index were significantly retarded in patients with the SCD (71.6 versus 57.8 kg and 24.9 versus 20.7 kg/m2, respectively, p= 0.000 for both), whereas the mean body heights wasere similar in both groups (166.1 versus 168.5 cm, p>0.05). Parallel to the retarded mean body weight, mean values of the low density lipoproteins (LDL), high density lipoproteins (HDL), and alanine aminotransferase were also lower in patients with the SCD, significantly (p= 0.000 for all). Parallel to the retarded mean body weight again, mean values of the systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significanly lower in patients with the SCD (113.3 versus 118.8 and 72.3 versus 83.6 mmHg, respectively, p<0.01 for both). Conclusion: Body weight may be the major determining factor of LDL and HDL values in the plasma.
Color in the educational environment for older people: recent research review

Цель статьи заключается в том, чтобы представить анализ существующих в отечественной и зарубежной науке исследований необходимой возрастной «корректировки» цвета образовательной среды для пожилых людей, выполненный с учетом того факта, что цветовая коммуникация не сводится исключительно к биологическим реакциям, а ее структура, кроме перцептивного, включает гораздо более значимые психологические механизмы и семиотические уровни.
Self-Care Management Practices of Diabetic Patients Type 2 in Saudi Arabia

Background & Aim: Patients’ self-care management practice in diabetes is considered a critical element to keep diabetes under control and the disease management is usually conducted by the patients themselves and/or their families. The main aim of this study is to assess the level of self-care management practices of diabetic patients type 2 in Saudi Arabia. Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional study design was utilized in the Prince Sultan Military Medical City in Riyadh on a convenience sampling method consisted of 377 diabetic patients type 2. The researcher used a self-administered questionnaire (Summery of Diabetes Self-care Activities) which was adopted from Toobert et al. (2000). Results: The study results revealed that the level of self-care management practices among patients with type 2 DM is not satisfactory, except in the medication domain. Conclusion & Recommendations: Policymakers should revise the education strategy for diabetic patients and develop health education campaigns that focus on the patient’s family as well as the individual with type-2 DM.
The Treatment of Malaria with Iron Chelators

New routes to chemotherapeutic attack on malaria are urgently required as drug resistant mutants to the antifolate pyrimethamine and the quinine family are becoming widespread. Without new drugs, falciparum malaria could become an untreatable disease in some regions within the next decade. The idea that iron chelation might have antiplasmodial effect emerged from the awareness that many microbial pathogens depend on host-derived iron for virulence. In 1982 it was demonstrated by Pollack and co-workers that desfemoxm i n e possessed an antiplasmodial effect in-vitro (RaventosSuarez et a1 1982). Some years later this was followed by a clinical trial of iron-chelation therapy in children with cerebral malaria (Gordeuk et a1 1992a). Desfenioxamine quickly reduced the symptoms of parasitaemia. Thus it is possible that iron chelation offers a novel approach to controlling malaria infections.
User Specific Safe Route Recommendation System

: Criminal activities have reached unprecedented levels in almost every part of the world. Desperate times like these require desperate measures to ensure the safety of people, especially people that need to travel on a daily basis to places, known and unknown. The majority of these criminal offences occur while the victim is travelling, irrespective of the mode of transport: walking, personal vehicles, public transport vehicles, auto-rickshaws, or cabs. This paper proposes a User-Specific Safe Route Recommendation System which presents a safe route visualized on maps to the user based on the past criminal records of the geographical region. Our approach is implemented on two-levels, first to realize the user-specific features using a Decision Network and the latter to actuate the safe route generation using Geospatial Data Analysis. We visualize the determined routes through a colour-code based map interface. Keeping in mind the real-life impact our project needs to create; we have demonstrated our model on San Francisco city data to show the effectiveness of our approach.
Prevalence and predictors of episiotomy and perineal tear at a tertiary hospital in Port-Harcourt, Nigeria

Episiotomy is an intentional surgical incision made on the perineum with the aim of enlarging the pelvic outlet during childbirth. The procedure is usually administered for several reasons including to prevent severe perineal laceration or tear in the parturient, especially in the primigravidae. For the neonate, it is suggested that episiotomy reduces prolonged second stage in some cases of rigid perineum which could lead to fetal asphyxia, cranial trauma and cerebral haemorrhage. It is easier to repair and has better healing than perineal tears because it is a straight and clean incision.
Case Study: Effect of Natural Fracture on Stimulation Strategy in Keshen Tight Gas

Aimed at problems of poor fracturing effects of fracture-network acid fracturing in three wells in the Keshen 5 block, a fractured and tight gas reservoir in Tarim Oilfield, the mechanical activity of natural fractures was studied. The fractures in this block were divided into three types: fully-filled, semi-filled, and unfilled. The analysis of the correlations showed that the correlation of the number of fully-filled fractures and absolute open flows (AOF) is poor, while the correlation between the number of unfilled and semi-filled fractures and AOF is the best. Core samples with different types of fractures were tested using conventional triaxial compression methods, and the experimental results showed that the friction coefficient of the fully-filled fracture is close to that of semi-filled fracture, while the cohesion of fully-filled natural fractures is close to that of intact rocks, which is much greater than that of semi-filled fractures. The effective stress test results shows that the effective stress coefficient of fully-filled natural fracture rock samples is lower than that of semi-filled fractures. Using Mohr–Coulomb theory to calculate the natural fracture mechanics of high-production wells and low-production wells, the results show that low-production wells are mainly fully-filled fractures, most of which are not activated, so the production is low; while high-production wells are semi-filled and unfilled fractures, most of which can be activated, so the production is high. Based on this, for a well dominated by fully-filled fractures, it is recommended to use conventional gel fracturing to replace the fracture-network acid fracturing process. The stimulation practice of two wells has proven the validity of this strategy. The filling degree of natural fractures affects the increasing production and choice of stimulation process. This may be a relatively new understanding and may provide insights to stimulation strategy decisions for other fractured tight reservoirs in the world.
Prevention of Acid Mine Drainage by Sulfate Reducing Bacteria: Organic Substrate Addition to Mine Waste Piles

ABSTRACT Coal or mineral mining operations generate pyritic wastes that are often deposited at open lands near the mine sites. Chemical or biochemical oxidation of pyrites in the waste piles results in the production of sulfuric acid solutions with pH values frequently less than 2. In addition, these low pH leachates often contain high concentrations of toxic heavy metals. This study addresses an innovative approach to prevent the production of acidic leachate from mining waste piles by promoting the growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) within the piles. The activity of SRB is known to neutralize acids and stabilize toxic metals as non-bioavailable metal sulfide precipitates. Batch and column studies were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of inoculating mine waste piles with SRB and stimulating their activities for in situ treatment of acidic leachates containing toxic metals. Inoculation of mine waste materials in batch reactors with SRB cultures resulted in the neutralization of acidic supernat.
Predators as Agents of Selection and Diversification

Predation is ubiquitous in nature and can be an important component of both ecological and evolutionary interactions. One of the most striking features of predators is how often they cause evolutionary diversification in natural systems. Here, we review several ways that this can occur, exploring empirical evidence and suggesting promising areas for future work. We also introduce several papers recently accepted in Diversity that demonstrate just how important and varied predation can be as an agent of natural selection. We conclude that there is still much to be done in this field, especially in areas where multiple predator species prey upon common prey, in certain taxonomic groups where we still know very little, and in an overall effort to actually quantify mortality rates and the strength of natural selection in the wild.
First published records of Catoptria acutangulellus (HerrichSchäffer, 1847) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Croatia after almost a century

The montane species Catoptria acutangulellus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1847) was reconfirmed from Croatia on Mt Biokovo after almost 100 years. Previous historical records were published in 1850 from Mt Biokovo and 1896 from the area around Rijeka. There are no recently published records of this species, whether from Mt Biokovo or any other Croatian mountain. Therefore, these new records also represent the first findings of this species for Mt Biokovo in more than 140 years. Habitat loss or habitat change due to global warming could be a threat to montane species such as C. acutangulellus. Since the only known localities of C. acutangulellus in Croatia are the highest parts of Mt Biokovo, in the future it could be a threatened species in the country.
Vascular β -Adrenergic Receptor Adenylyl Cyclase System in Maturation and Aging

The objective of this study was to determine how maturation and aging affects beta (beta)-adrenergic receptor (AR) control of arterial vasorelaxation. Left ventricular (LV) hemodynamics and arterial vasorelaxation in thoracic artery segments were studied in Brown Norway, Fisher 344 cross rats at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 23 months of age. We defined changes in maturation as occurring between 6 weeks and 6 months of age and changes in aging as occurring between 6 months and 23 months of age. With maturation, isoproterenol resulted in a downward shift in heart rate and an upward shift in both LV dP/dt and peripheral vascular resistance responses. Similar changes were noted with aging except for the downward shift in LV dP/dt isoproterenol response. There was a dose-dependent increase in arterial vasorelaxation in response to isoproterenol in all age groups, but the 6-week-old animals had a 5-fold (P<0.01) increase in vasorelaxation compared to other age groups. The isoproterenol-induced arterial vasorelaxation response was not altered by removal of the endothelium. The vasodilatory responses to nitroglycerin, acetylcholine, and adenosine were diminished (P<0.05) with aging. The vasorelaxation responses to forskolin and IBMX were unchanged with maturation and diminished with aging. Incubation of arterial rings in cholera toxin resulted in a reduction in relaxation only in arteries from 6-week-old rats. Maturation resulted in no change in beta -AR density [20.2+/-0.7 v. 18.5+/-0.5 fmol/mg protein, P=n.s. , 6 weeks (n=2, 18 aortas were combined v 6-month-old rats)]. With maturation, there was no change in G alpha(i)level. However, beta ARK1 levels were increased (55. 4+/-2.1 v. 40.8+/-0.4, arbitrary densitometry units) and G alpha(s)levels were decreased (29.5+/-0.8 v. 49.9+/-1.9, arbitrary densitometry units). Aging resulted in no change in beta -AR density (15.3+/-1.7 v. 18.5+/-0.5 fmol/mg membrane protein), but decreases in basal, isoproterenol-, naF-, and forskolin-stimulated AC activities. Compared to 6 week data, 23-month-old rats exhibited no change in either G alpha(i)or beta ARK1, however, G alpha(s) was decreased. In summary, beta -AR-stimulated arterial vasorelaxation is depressed during maturation and aging. Since there is no change in beta -AR density but a decrease in G alpha(s)and in basal/stimulated AC activities, the defect in beta -AR signaling during maturation and aging is probably a post receptor defect, i.e. possibly in the receptor-G protein coupling.
Synthesis of sequential polydepsipeptides involving depsipeptide formation by the 2-nitrophenylsulphenyl N-carboxy α-amino acid anhydride (Nps–NCA) method

Sequential polydepsipeptides containing a tripeptide sequence Ala-Ala-Glu(OEt) and various α-hydroxy acids have been successfully prepared by polycondensation of tetradepsipeptide pentachlorophenyl esters. The latter were synthesized by preparation of didepsipeptide free acids by the Nps-NCA method followed by active esterification and peptide chain elongation by the so-called ‘back-up’ procedure.
Resonance Raman scattering and surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering studies of oxido-reduction of cytochrome c3

The tetraheme protein, cytochrome c3 (cyt-c3), isolated from the sulfate-reducing bacterium, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, strain NCIMB 8372, was examined with the resonance Raman scattering (RRS) and surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) techniques. A comparison of the protein in solution and at a citrate-reduced silver sol shows the native structure of cyt-c3 is retained at a SERRS-active substrate. No indication of high-spin states of adsorbed cyt-c3 was observed. RRS and SERRS spectra were also acquired at intermediate redox states. Splitting of redox-state marker bands was observed and its relation to heme−heme interaction is discussed. In addition, SERRS spectra were acquired at an electrochemically-roughened SERRS-active substrate as a function of potential. The results suggest that the cytochrome is adsorbed to the Ag surface in an ordered fashion, with the heme exhibiting the most positive redox potential being closest to the surface.
B’laan Population Structure and School Indicators: Basis for School Planning

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the B’laan population structure and school indicators of Matanao II District as basis for school planning. Study Design: Descriptive survey design. Place and Duration of Study: Matanao, Davao del Sur during the School Year 2017-2018. Methodology: The respondents of the study were the fifty (50) Grade Six B’laan pupils, twentyone and (21) school administrators of Matanao II District. Universal sampling method using the complete enumeration technique was utilized where respondents of the survey were school administrators and barangay personnel. However, cluster sampling was used in selecting the Grade Six pupils among elementary schools in Matanao District.Three sets of survey instruments were used to gather the relevant information. Data gathered were treated using the frequency and relative frequency. Results: Majority of the Grade Six B’laan pupils were in the age of 12 years old and above, female, and believers of Christ to the Orient. Most of them did not have siblings studying in college. Their parents were in the elementary level, earning a monthly income of ₱1,001.00 to ₱3,000.00, Original Research Article Bello and Bardos; AJESS, 12(3): 30-41, 2020; Article no.AJESS. 62020 31 and had 1 to 6 children. The common household appliances they had were television set, cellular phone, radio, electric fan, DVD player and motorcycle. The mode of transportation from home to school was mostly through walking. Majority of them did not spend any amount for their transportation, food and daily allowance. As to the profile and structure of the elementary schools, most schools in Matanao II District had a total land area of 2.0 to 2.9 hectares occupied by 4 to 6 buildings having 5 to 8 classrooms. Schools offered complete elementary education with 5 to 8 teachers handling the classes of 100 to 200 B’laan pupils. The number of B’laan pupils graduated from the schools per year was within the range of 10 to 60 pupils. Moreover, the National Achievement Test results showed that schools had an average MPS of 81-85. From the map generated, the researcher found that the average population density of B’laan were 2.07 with barangay Manga, Lagaan and Bangkal as that the top 3 barangays having the largest density of B’laan population.