Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Person Re-Identification With A Joint Learning CNN Network And A New Global Loss Function

In training deep convolutional neural network models to perform the task of person re-identification, loss function is critical to the final performance. In this paper, we propose the use of a new loss function that represent the general distribute of data to reduce the classification error. By take in count of the distribution of similarity measurement between the data of same label and different label, we can reduce the false positive and false negative classification error. Therefore the model can gain a better capability. Furthermore, we combine several establish loss function with this new loss function to get a proposed jointly training network model. Our network can learns similarity measurement between the data of same label and different label at the same time and each bit of data in datasets can contribute to final result. Using the Market-1501 dataset for experiments, we show that the our network with this new loss function can yields very competitive re-id accuracy compared with state-of-the-arts one.
Would transformation of C3 crop plants with foreign Rubisco increase productivity? A computational analysis extrapolating from kinetic properties to canopy photosynthesis

Genetic modification of Rubisco to increase the specificity for CO 2 relative to O 2 ( t ) would decrease photorespiration and in principle should increase crop productivity. When the kinetic properties of Rubisco from different photosynthetic organisms are compared, it appears that forms with high t t have low maximum catalytic rates of carboxylation per active site ( k c c ). If it is assumed that an inverse relationship between k c c and t exists, as implied from measurements, and that an increased concentration of Rubisco per unit leaf area is not possible, will increasing t result in increased leaf and canopy photosynthesis? A steady-state biochemical model for leaf photosynthesis was coupled to a canopy biophysical microclimate model and used to explore this question. C 3 photosynthetic CO 2 uptake rate ( A ) is either limited by the maximum rate of Rubisco activity ( V cmax ) or by the rate of regeneration of ribulose-1,5bisphosphate, in turn determined by the rate of whole chain electron transport ( J ). Thus, if J is limiting, an increase in t t t will increase net CO 2 uptake because more products of the electron transport chain will be partitioned away from photorespiration into photosynthesis. The effect of an increase in t on Rubisco-limited photosynthesis depends on both k
Bacteriological analysis of donor human milk in milk bank in an Indian setting

Background: Although human milk banking in India was started in 1984, limited data regarding bacteriological quality of milk are available. Objective: To find bacteriological contamination of milk samples in human milk bank. Methods: Retrospective analysis of milk samples from milk bank for the year 2009-2015 was done. Group A donor mothers were from postnatal or neonatal units of our hospital. Group B mothers were from milk donation camps organized at the community level. All milk samples were plated on blood agar for bacteriological analysis. Pre-pasteurized samples were analyzed for the year 2014-2015 only. Results: Total donor mothers were 3670. 1481 (40%) were from milk donation camp at the community level. 327 (9%) were preterm milk. 2.34% of post-pasteurized samples showed contamination as compared to 9.1% pre-pasteurized milk samples (p=0.002). Group A mothers showed a higher contamination rate as compared to Group B mothers in both pre-pasteurized (p<0.001) and post-pasteurized samples (p=0.006). The most common organisms isolated in pre-pasteurized samples were Gram-positive bacilli (51.89%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CONS, 44.96%), and Gram-negative bacilli (3%). The most common organisms in post-pasteurized samples were Gram-positive bacilli (88.23%) and CONS (11.76%). No Gram-negative bacilli were isolated from post-pasteurized samples. Conclusion: Contamination rates in our study for both pre- and post-pasteurized samples are quite low as compared to other studies. Community collection of human milk was safe with regard to bacteriological contamination. Holder’s method of pasteurization is effective in reducing contamination.
Stock Prices and Exchange Rates: Are they Related? Evidence from South Asian Countries

The issue of whether stock prices and exchange rates are related or not has received considerable attention after the East Asian crisis. During the crisis the countries affected saw turmoil in both currency and stock markets. If stock prices and exchange rates are related and the causation runs from exchange rates to stock prices, then the crisis in the stock markets can be prevented by controlling the exchange rates. Moreover, developing countries can exploit such a link to attract/stimulate foreign portfolio investment in their own countries. Similarly, if the causation runs from stock prices to exchange rates then authorities can focus on domestic economic policies to stabilise the stock market. If the two markets/prices are related then investors can use this information to predict the behaviour of one market using the information on other market.1 Most of the empirical literature that has examined the stock prices-exchange rate relationship has focused on examining this relationship for the developed countries with very little attention on the developing countries. The results of these studies are, however, inconclusive. Some studies have found a significant positive relationship between stock prices and exchange rates [for instance Smith (1992); Solnik (1987) and Aggarwal (1981)] while others have reported a significant negative relationship between the two [e.g., Soenen and Hennigar (1998)]. On the other hand, there are some studies that have found very weak or no association between stock prices and exchange rates [for instance, Franck and Young (1972); Bartov and Bodnor (1994)]. On the issue of causation, the evidence is also mixed. Some studies [for instance, Abdalla and Murinde (1997)] have found causation runs from exchange rates to stock prices while other reported a reverse causation [e.g., Ajayi and
The climate change negotiations: the case for differentiation

The major elements of the climate change negotiations since the negotiation in 1995 of the Berlin Mandate to the Framework Convention on Climate Change are outlined and background on the greenhouse effect is provided in this article. It is shown that the same uniform emission reduction target for all countries is inefficient and that such targets would not lead to an equal sharing of the economic burden of achieving a given commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It is concluded that the negotiation of differentiated targets can help to solve this problem.
Mid-infrared microlensing of accretion disc and dusty torus in quasars: Effects on flux ratio anomalies

Multiply-imaged quasars and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) observed in the mid-infrared (MIR) range are commonly assumed to be una ected by the microlensing produced by the stars in their lensing galaxy. In this paper, we investigate the validity domain of this assumption. Indeed, that premise disregards microlensing of the accretion disc in the MIR range, and does not account for recent progress in our knowledge of the dusty torus, which has unveiled relatively compact dust emission. To simulate microlensing, we first built a simplified image of the quasar composed of (i) an accretion disc whose size is based on accretion disc theory, and (ii) a larger ring-like torus whose radius is guided by interferometric measurements in nearby AGNs. The mock quasars are created in the 10 44:2 10 46 erg/s (unlensed) luminosity range, which is typical of known lensed quasars, and are then microlensed using an inverse ray-shooting code. We simulated the wavelength dependence of microlensing for di erent lensed image types and for various fractions of compact objects in the lens. This allows us to derive magnification probabilities as a function of wavelength, as well as to calculate the microlensing-induced deformation of the spectral energy distribution of the lensed images. We find that microlensing variations as large as 0.1 mag are very common at 11 m (typically rest-frame 4 m). The main signal comes from microlensing of the accretion disc, which may be significant even when the fraction of flux from the disc is as small as 5% of the total flux. We also show that the torus of sources with Lbol . 10 45 erg/s is expected to be noticeably microlensed. Microlensing may thus be used to get insight into the rest near-infrared inner structure of AGNs. Finally, we investigate whether microlensing in the mid-infrared can alter the so-called Rcusp relation that links the fluxes of the lensed images triplet produced when the source lies close to a cusp macro-caustic. This relation is commonly used to identify massive (dark-matter) substructures in lensing galaxies. We find that significant deviations from Rcusp may be expected, which means that microlensing can explain part of the flux ratio problem.
Application of curvatures to airborne gravity gradients

Summary The application of equipotential surface curvatures to airborne gravity gradient data is presented. The differential curvature, as measured by the FALCON™ airborne gravity gradiometer system, the mean curvature, and the direction of maximum curvature of the equipotential surface should improve the understanding and geological interpretation of gravity gradient data. It has been shown that the horizontal gradients of the vertical component of the gravity vector form the curvature of the gravity field line. As this line is orthogonal to the equipotential surface, its curvature is related to how successive equipotential surfaces change and it may not be needed to interpret. The theoretical basis for the method is discussed. Practical applications of utilising the curvature method are presented on a synthetic model and FALCON™ airborne gravity gradiometer data from the western zone of the Halls Creek Orogen, Western Australia.
Ultra-Wideband Phased Array for Millimeter-Wave ISM and 5G Bands, Realized in PCB

In this paper, we present the design, fabrication, and measurement of an ultra-wideband phased array antenna, with continuous coverage of all six allocated fifth generation and industrial, scientific, medical bands in the millimeter-wave spectrum. Of importance is that the complete array is co-fabricated as a single printed circuit board using commercial processes, implying a significant reduction in cost over previous microfabrication-based designs. The design is demonstrated in simulation to operate across 24–72 GHz with VSWR<2.2 at broadside and VSWR<3 for ±45° scanning in all planes. These simulations are validated through the fabrication and measurement of a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3\times 3$ </tex-math></inline-formula> array prototype, which shows close agreement to the simulated values.
Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe

Based in part on the results of a unique, comparative research project, the aim of this article is threefold: (1) to provide a comparative summary of racist extremism in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE); (2) to compare the situation of racist extremism in CEE to that in Western Europe; and (3) to come to some further insights about racist extremism in the region. It concludes, in contrast to many of the alarming statements on the topic, that CEE is neither a hotbed of racist extremism nor a safe haven for racist extremists. In fact, if one compares the state of racist extremism in CEE to that in Western Europe, the differences seem less striking than is often assumed. Yet while the impact of racist extremism in CEE might not be as great as is often assumed, a lot remains to be done, particularly now that these countries are or will soon be members of the European Union.
Subjective Vitality, Meaning in Life and Religiosity in Older People: A Correlational Study

This paper aimed to identify the relations among the religiosity, meaning in life, ontological perception of time, and subjective vitality in older people. The study included a sample of 100 older adults that participated of elderly groups with a mean age 67.2 years (SD = 5.6), who answered the Religious Attitudes Scale (RAS-20), Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), Ontological Perception of Time Scale (OPTS), Subjective Vitality Scale (SVS), and demography questions. The results showed a positive correlation of the subjective vitality with the scores on the presence for meaning, past, present, and future. The searching of meaning was a positive correlation of the scores of behavior and religious feeling. Moreover, the presence of meaning was correlated with the scores of the knowledge religious, behavior, present and future. These fi ndings were discussed based on the conception of Logotherapy and Analysis Existential.
A New Beamformer Design Method for Multi-Group Multicasting by Enforcing Constructive Interference

In this paper, we propose a new multi-group multicast beamforming design method for phase shift keying (PSK) modulated signals. Quality of service (QoS)-aware optimization is considered where the aim is to minimize transmission power of multiple-antenna base station under the QoS constraints of single-antenna users. In this paper, we show that symbol-level beamforming scheme proposed in the literature is not an effective design method for multi-group multicasting and modify it using rotated constellation approach in order to reduce transmission power. Proposed method enforces the known interference in a constructive manner such that the received symbol at each user is inside the correct decision region for any set of symbols. Hence, designed beamformers can be utilized throughout a transmission-frame rather than symbol-by-symbol basis. An alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm is presented for the proposed design problem and closed-form update equations are derived for the steps of the ADMM algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed method decreases the transmission power significantly compared to the conventional and symbol-level beamforming.
High Gain Planar Antenna Array for Ka Band SAR Applications

This paper presents the design of a high gain low profile antenna array for Ka band airborne and space borne SAR systems. The antenna array, with a dimensions of 454×58.8×12.4mm3, is divided into a number of small linear sub arrays, and a low loss waveguide feed network, with a dimension of 360.5×48.6×6.2mm3 is designed to combined all these sub arrays to form a fixed beam antenna. The antenna array adopts metal waveguide slot antenna as the element where the slots are open in the narrow side. The slots in the array are designed to fed with equal magnitude and equal phase, and the size of the slots as well as the sub array are all optimized to have a well impedance matching while a high gain at the same time. What's more, a groove is added at the side of the array to further enhance the radiation. The simulated maximum gain of the antenna array is 34.1dBi at the central frequency and the VSWR is less than 2 in a bandwidth of more than 0.5GHz, indicating that the designed antenna array is a good candidate for future Ka band SAR systems.
Modeling of Multilayered Power/Ground Planes Based on Resonant Cavity Algorithm

Based on the resonant cavity algorithm, a method is presented to model the multilayered power/ground planes with stitching vias at the high-speed packages and the printed circuit board. A multilayered structure can be seen as a combination of two basic units: adjacent planes with a different reference voltage and that with the same reference voltage. Then, the behaviors of the switching current in and the physics-based models for the multilayered power/ground planes with different basic units are presented. By analyzing the influence of stitching vias to the return path of the switching current in the multilayered structure, it is obtained that the remainder plane pairs act as a multiport load to the plane pair where the current load is located on. The algorithm for a plane pair with a multiport load is presented on the basis of the resonant cavity algorithm to efficient mode the multilayered power/ground planes. At the same time, this modeling method can be used in auto-decoupling design to consider the placements of decoupling capacitors. The modeling method is corroborated by the comparison with a 3-D electromagnetic commercial tool with wideband Z-parameter computation from dc to 10 GHz.
Dynamic labour force participation of married women in Sweden

This paper analyzes the inter-temporal labor force participation behavior of married women in Sweden. A dynamic probit model is applied, controlling for endogenous initial condition and unobserved heterogeneity, using longitudinal data to allow for a rich dynamic structure. Significant unobserved heterogeneity is found, along with serial correlation in the error components, and negative state dependence. The findings may indicate serial persistence due to persistent individual heterogeneity.
A survey of poverty and inequality indicators with an application to Southern African Customs Union (SACU)

The article provides a brief survey of poverty and inequality indicators and proceeds to provide their analytical application for countries in the Southern African Customs Union (SACU). Poverty measures surveyed, included money-metric measures such as the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) indicators, while the non-money metric measures included body mass index and human development index (HDI), among others. The inequality measures included, inter alia the entropy measures and the Gini index. The results reveal that SACU still has to go a long way in improving poverty and inequality levels as well as the general well-being of its member economies. Some positive observations emerge on the improvement of gender participation in economic and political activities in the union. Botswana performed better than the rest of the countries as far as the fight against poverty is concerned. However, all the countries need to continue to implement policies that not only reduce poverty but also narrow the pervasive inequality in the region.
Fear Behaviour, Ease of Capture and Performance Traits of Growing Meat Type Chickens

The damaging effects of fear on a number of performance indicators in poultry and other farm animals are becoming increasingly recognized. Indeed, there is a growing evidence for the negative association between growth and fearfulness (an underlying behavioural characteristic). The present study examined the putative relationship between fearfulness and body weight in growing broiler chickens at age of harvesting (35-42 days old). As fearfulness is particularly influential trait in domesticated species, the finding that such trait respond to artificial selection may have important implications for poultry welfare and performance. However, it is not known how fearfulness and growth influenced human-animal interactions. The present experiment investigated also the influence of fearfulness and live body weight of broilers on the ease with which birds could be caught and handled. Furthermore, due to increasing the price of cereal grains in the last two years, it become necessary to evaluate the body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency at earlier age of growing period (5 wk) and comparing data from normal harvesting age in Europe (6 wk). The results showed a significant correlation between fearfulness and human animal interactions. Indeed, the duration of tonic immobility was higher for the birds captured first (rank 1) compared with birds captured afterwards (rank 2). This indicates that birds captured firstly were more fearful than birds afterwards. Moreover, the ease of capture rank was negatively correlated with the duration of tonic immobility at week 5 (-.364) and with the number of tonic immobility inductions at week 6 (-.238). This suggests that more fearful birds (birds had longer tonic immobility duration and higher number of tonic immobility inductions) were captured more easily than less fearful ones. Interestingly, body weight had a significantly negative correlation with the number of inductions required to induce tonic immobility reaction at week 6 (-.415, p 0.05).
Differential Income Taxation and Tiebout Sorting ∗ Takuya Obara

This study examines optimal nonlinear income taxes when individuals differ in their preference for a public good and labor productivity. We consider two regions, of which one provides a higher quality public service than the other, thus inducing individuals to ”vote with their feet. ” In addition, the government implements a region-specific income tax schedule to reflect the difference in benefits from the public service between the regions in the tax system. We show that if two characteristics are independently distributed and the first derivative of the social welfare function is strictly convex, the marginal tax rate in the region providing the higher quality public service is lower since the participation effect is greater than the mechanical effect. Further, we numerically find that the correlation can be substantial in differentiating income tax schedules, although labor mobility weakens the differentiation of marginal tax rates on the basis of a positive correlation between the two characteristics. JEL Classification: H20, H41
Minecraft: A Game as an Education and Scientific Learning Tool

Games are not just played; they are talked about, read about, fantasized about, altered, and become models for everyday life. This had raised much controversy on how and what if video games used an educational tool. Some players and developers argue that video games are better at teaching logic and problem solving skills than many school curriculums. Some game has adopted aspects that are defined to be similar or base on scientific implementation. Minecraft is one of the games with such aspects. It is a java multiplayer sandbox game where player is required to gather object to create environment around it at will. With functioning ecology, chemistry and physics aspects integrated within the game, these aspects can be used as development media for scientific concept to be used as learning tool for players. The article contains reviews on aspects to be used for learning in Minecraft that can be integrated as a wondrous teaching media on scientific and social aspects in real case studies. By adopting Minecraft in education it will benefit the education by the use entertainment aspect of the game which will create enjoyment in learning itself.