Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microextensometrie locale par correlation d'images numeriques application aux etudes micromecaniques par microscopie electronique a balayage

Ce travail a vise dans un premier temps au developpement d'une technique de microextensometrie locale par l'adaptation des methodes de correlation d'images numeriques, utilisees depuis plusieurs annees en imagerie optique macroscopique pour determiner des champs de deplacements locaux dans des structures, aux images numeriques obtenues, a echelle bien plus fine, par microscopie electronique a balayage (meb). L'etude a permis de reveler les difficultes specifiques rencontrees pour atteindre la precision theorique de ces techniques avec des images de meb et a conduit a proposer un certain nombre de procedures pour les traiter. On s'est en particulier attache a analyser les defauts d'images induits par les imperfections de balayage du meb, par de tres faibles variations de grandissement ou par la derive du faisceau, a etudier les consequences des reglages non optimaux du meb, conduisant a des niveaux de bruit trop eleves, ou encore l'effet de forme du repere pour marquer les echantillons sur la precision de mesure. Cette technique de microextensometrie a ensuite ete appliquee a l'investigation des mecanismes locaux de deformation dans des materiaux heterogenes, notamment au cours du tout premier stade de l'ecoulement plastique. On s'est interesse plus particulierement a la mise en evidence, la caracterisation, la quantification et enfin la modelisation du phenomene de localisation precoce de la deformation sous forme de bandes dans des materiaux elastoplastiques. Un moyen original pour quantifier statistiquement la portee des bandes a ete propose en appliquant sur le champ de deformation lui-meme les methodes statistiques classiquement utilisees pour caracteriser la distribution des phases. Ce phenomene, deja observe dans des
Impact of Direct Current High Voltage in Three-Level Converters for different areas: Case Study

In this paper we have discussed about the working of three phase high voltage direct current in many fields. The derivation of High voltage TL converter is extended to all DC-to-DC converters, and families of TL converters are proposed in this paper. And High voltage Direct Current allows to power transmission between AC System by distribution systems, and it can increase system stability by preventing cascading failures due to phase instability from propagating from one part of a wider power transmission grid to another. And high-voltage direct current electric power transmission system used in direct current for the bulk transmission of power supply, and here we show the all areas where we used the power transmission of common alternating current systems. (Krati Verma. Impact of Direct Current High Voltage in Three-Level Converters for different areas: Case Study. N Y Sci J 2013;6(4):18-19 ). (ISSN: 1554-0200). http://www.sciencepub. net/newyork . 4
Data-driven catchment classification: application to the pub problem

Abstract. A promising approach to catchment classification makes use of unsupervised neural networks (Self Organising Maps, SOM's), which organise input data through non-linear techniques depending on the intrinsic similarity of the data themselves. Our study considers ∼300 Italian catchments scattered nationwide, for which several descriptors of the streamflow regime and geomorphoclimatic characteristics are available. We compare a reference classification, identified by using indices of the streamflow regime as input to SOM, with four alternative classifications, which were identified on the basis of catchment descriptors that can be derived for ungauged basins. One alternative classification adopts the available catchment descriptors as input to SOM, the remaining classifications are identified by applying SOM to sets of derived variables obtained by applying Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) to the available catchment descriptors. The comparison is performed relative to a PUB problem, that is for predicting several streamflow indices in ungauged basins. We perform an extensive cross-validation to quantify nationwide the accuracy of predictions of mean annual runoff, mean annual flood, and flood quantiles associated with given exceedance probabilities. Results of the study indicate that performing PCA and, in particular, CCA on the available set of catchment descriptors before applying SOM significantly improves the effectiveness of SOM classifications by reducing the uncertainty of hydrological predictions in ungauged sites.
GHz 1 . 3 dBi Leaky Wave Antenna in CMOS 1 . 3 μ m Process

A 400 GHz monolithic leaky wave antenna (LWA) is presented in this paper. The proposed LWA, constructed by the unit cell with multiple structural parameters, is regarded as the on-chip microstrip with perforation on the signal trace and the ground plane. A hybrid full-wave eigenvalue method theoretically extracts the complex propagation constants of first higher-order mode (EH1) of the perforated microstrip to improve the unit cell design. The extracted results also assist in realizing the differential feeding network to excite the leaky mode of the proposed antenna in high efficiency. A 400 GHz LWA prototype is designed and fabricated in CMOS 0.13 μm 1P8M process. The on-chip experiments show the measured input return loss including the effects of the contact pad lower than 10 dB from 380 GHz to 420 GHz. The measured antenna gain is higher than 0.8 dBi and has a maximum value of 1.3 dBi at 400 GHz. From 390 GHz to 405 GHz, the measured main beam is at 33◦ to 43◦ from broadside, indicating good agreement with the calculated results.
Sustainable consumption : The new economics and local organic food

Sustainable consumption is increasingly on the policy menu, and local organic food provision has been widely advocated as a practical means of making the desired changes to conventional production and consumption systems. This paper presents the first empirical evaluation of a local organic food network as a tool for sustainable consumption. It thereby makes a timely and original contribution to the debate on environmental governance by discussing the role and potential of local organic food networks to develop new institutions which enable individuals and groups to change their consumption patterns. A new multicriteria qualitative evaluation tool is developed, from the New Economics theory, to assess the effectiveness of initiatives at achieving sustainable consumption. The key indicators of sustainable consumption are: localisation, reducing ecological footprints, community-building, collective action, and creating new socio-economic institutions. This evaluation framework is applied to a case study organic producer cooperative in Norfolk, UK, which is found to be effective at achieving sustainable consumption, but which nevertheless faces a number of barriers. Finally, the possible ways forward for community-based sustainable consumption are discussed, together with appropriate policy recommendations.
Preparation of Deferasirox in nano-scale by ultrasonic irradiation and optimization the amount and reaction time parameters

This work reports a facile sonochemical route in the synthesis of nano particle of deferasirox for the first time. One application of nanotechnology is in improvement of available treatments for various diseases. Deferasirox (ICL670 or Exjade) is a tridentate chelating agent for removing transfusion overload iron in thalassemia patients. In the present work, deferasirox was prepared in nano size by using of ultrasound waves. The effects of amount and reaction time on the size of deferasirox were investigated. These parameters were optimized at various amounts and different reaction times. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies show that the deferasirox in nature structure does not change during the reaction. The results show that the finest particle is related to the following conditions: 45min, time reaction and 0.1g, amount of deferasirox. Therefore, the ultrasonic bath method has a fundamental role in the preparation of deferasirox in nano scale. This method is simple, relatively fast and low cost.
MORTUARY PRACTICES IN THE ISLAND OF CYPRUS DURING THE PRE-POTTERY NEOLITHIC PERIOD

The oldest human remains known from Cyprus, dating back to the 8th millennium cal. BC, were uncovered at ParekkJisha-Shillourokambos, in the southern coastal zone of the island, and at the western site ofKissonerga-MylouthJda. Various mortuary practices including collective and single burials as well as primary and secon­ dary deposits have been recognized. Other burials dating to the 8th millennium were found atKalavasos-Tenta, in southern Cyprus. Many primary burials were also discovered at the later sites (7th early 6th millennium cal. BC) ofKhirokitia Vouni, not far from Kalavasos-Tenta, and at Cap Andreas-Kastros in north-eastern Cyprus. The comparison between funerary practices at the various Pre-Pottery Neolithic sites (8th and 7th early 6th millennia) reveals an evolution to primary, single burials of both adults and subadults. Furthermore, the com­ parisons of funerary practices observed at Cypriot sites dating back to the 8th millennium with those described for the PPNB mainland sites highlight
Estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer– the current state of knowledge

Pierwszym badaczem, który zasugerowa3, ¿e rak piersi jest nowotworem hormonozale¿nym, by3 Schinzinger. Mia3o to miejsce w 1889 r. [1]. Hipotezê Schinzingera potwierdzi3 7 lat póŸniej Beatson, wykonuj1c obustronne usuniêcie jajników u kobiety przed menopauz1 z nieoperacyjn1 wznow1 raka piersi. Po up3ywie 8 mies. od zabiegu autor stwierdzi3 u chorej ca3kowity zanik tkanki nowotworowej [2]. Zaobserwowany zwi1zek miêdzy czynnoœci1 jajników a przebiegiem raka piersi stanowi3 punkt wyjœcia do dalszych badañ, które nabra3y tempa po wyizolowaniu estrogenów z p3ynu pêcherzykowego jajników przez Allena w 1923 r. [3]. Prze3om w badaniach nad hormonozale¿noœci1 nast1pi3 w latach 60. XX w. , kiedy opisano mechanizm 31czenia estradiolu i progesteronu ze swoistymi receptorowymi bia3kami cytoplazmatycznymi w komórkach. Dalsze badania nad receptorem estrogenowym potwierdzi3y, ¿e oprócz udzia3u w fizjologicznych przemianach zachodz1cych w czasie rozwoju i ró¿nicowania gruczo3u piersiowego, pe3ni on równie¿ kluczow1 rolê w mechanizmie zale¿noœci hormonalnej raka piersi [4–9].
Effect of Different Bar Attachment and Clip Materials on Retention Force for Mandibular Implant Supported Overdentures (An Invitro Study)

Objective: to evaluate the effect of bar and clip attachment systems with different materials on retention forces for two implant supported mandibular over dentures after wear simulation. Materials and methods: An edentulous mandibular model was constructed incorporating 2 parallel implants placed in the canine regions. Attachments were embedded in ametal-reinforced experimental over denture designed to be dislodged from the model by a universaltesting machine. Tensile dislodging force was applied to the overdenture at a cross-head speed of 50 mm/min. Four over dentures were constructed for the attachment systems. The attachments evaluated were metal bar with clip from polyoxymethylene (POM), metal bar with clip from polyetheretherketon (PEEK), (PEEK) bar with (POM) clip and(PEEK) barwith (PEEK) clip. Peak load-to-dislodgement was measured. Retention strength values (N) were recorded initially and after 270, 540, 810 and 1080 cycles of insertion and removal simulating 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of denture using repictively. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to compare between more than two groups for dependent samples while One-way ANOVA was used to compare between more than two groups for independent samples. The significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05. Statistical analysis was performed with IBM® SPSS® Statistics Version 20 for Windows. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between (Metal bar and POM clip), (Metal bar and PEEK clip), (PEEK bar and POM clip) and (PEEK bar and PEEK clip) where (p≤0.001). The highest mean value of retention was found in (PEEK bar and PEEK clip) followed by (Metal bar and PEEK clip) and (PEEK bar and POM clip) while the least mean value of retention was found in (Metal bar and POM clip). Conclusion: Attachments generally demonstrated significantly decreased retention strength values as the cycle’s number increased. POM as well as PEEK materials may fulfill the requirements of retentive clips on metal or PEEK bars. The invitro performance of retentive clips made of PEEK is superior to those made of POM.
Dilution priors: Compensating for model space redundancy

: For the general Bayesian model uncertainty framework, the focus of this paper is on the development of model space priors which can compensate for redundancy between model classes, the so-called dilution priors proposed in George (1999). Several distinct approaches for dilution prior construction are suggested. One is based on tessellation determined neighborhoods, another on collinearity adjustments, and a third on pairwise distances between models.
An Empirical Analysis of the Credit-Output Relationship: Evidence from Peru

This paper investigates the empirical relationship between credit and output in Peru. The analysis is based on the estimation of vector error correction models and the identification of structural shocks. The models considered include real output, real credit growth (in domestic currency, foreign currency and both), and terms of trade. Using quarterly data for the period 1994-2011, the results suggest that real credit growth contain useful information to understand the evolution of the non-deterministic component of real output. In particular, the results show that: (i) there exist a stable long-run relationship between real credit growth, output and terms of trade, (ii) real credit growth is useful in forecasting output in the long-run, and (iii) a structural permanent shock in real credit has positive permanent effects on output. Therefore, credit aggregates could be useful as indicator variables for policymakers.
Effects of repeated paleoearthquakes on the Alhama de Murcia Fault (Betic Cordillera, Spain) on the Quaternary evolution of an alluvial fan system

In this work we present a study of an alluvial fan system, which is affected by the Quaternary activity of the leftlateral, reverse Alhama de Murcia Fault (Betic Cordillera). Paleoseismic studies in this area yield data that can be compared and correlated with the morphologic and tectono-sedimentary evolution of the alluvial fan. The spatial arrangement of the sedimentary alluvial fan units near the fault zone, shown in trenches, is controlled by the recurrent reverse, left-lateral coseismic events. We analysed the morphology of the drainage network using a 1:5000 scale orthoimage to identify and measure horizontal deflections along the fault. The channel pattern analysis allowed us to estimate the average horizontal slip rate of the SAMF for the last 130 ka. This value is 0.21 mm/a, which is slightly higher than the range of values obtained by trenching analysis for the last 30 ka, (0.06 to 0.15 mm/yr). The interpretation of the stratigraphic sequence exposed along the trench walls constrained the occurrence of at least two surface faulting earthquakes during the last 30000 years. The most recent event happened after the El Saltador Creek dissected the alluvial fan. The penultimate event occurred while the alluvial fan was still active.
Methane dynamics in different boreal lake types

Abstract. This study explores the variability in concentrations of dissolved CH4 and annual flux estimates in the pelagic zone in a statistically defined sample of 207 lakes in Finland. The lakes were situated in the boreal zone, in an area where the mean annual air temperature ranges from −2.8 to 5.9°C. We examined how lake CH4 dynamics related to regional lake types assessed according to the EU water framework directive. Ten lake types were defined on the basis of water chemistry, color, and size. Lakes were sampled for dissolved CH4 concentrations four times per year, at four different depths at the deepest point of each lake. We found that CH4 concentrations and fluxes to the atmosphere tended to be high in nutrient rich calcareous lakes, and that the shallow lakes had the greatest surface water concentrations. Methane concentration in the hypolimnion was related to oxygen and nutrient concentrations, and to lake depth or lake area. The surface water CH4 concentration was related to the depth or area of lake. Methane concentration close to the bottom can be viewed as proxy of lake status in terms of frequency of anoxia and nutrient levels. The mean pelagic CH4 release from randomly selected lakes was 49 mmol m−2 a−1. The sum CH4 flux (storage and diffusion) correlated with lake depth, area and nutrient content, and CH4 release was greatest from the shallow nutrient rich and humic lakes. Our results support earlier lake studies regarding the regulating factors and also the magnitude of global emission estimate. These results propose that in boreal region small lakes have higher CH4 fluxes per unit area than larger lakes, and that the small lakes have a disproportionate significance regarding to the CH4 release.
Convergence of a Kahler-Ricci flow

In this paper we prove that for a given Kähler-Ricci flow with uniformly bounded Ricci curvatures in an arbitrary dimension, for every sequence of times ti converging to infinity, there exists a subsequence such that (M, g(ti+t)) → (Y, ḡ(t)) and the convergence is smooth outside a singular set (which is a set of codimension at least 4) to a solution of a flow. We also prove that in the case of complex dimension 2, we can find a subsequence of times such that we have a convergence to a Kähler-Ricci soliton, away from finitely many isolated singularities.
The Bremmer series for a multi-dimensional acoustic scattering problem

The Bremmer series is used to reduce a complex scattering problem to a sequence of simpler single-scattering problems. In the Bremmer series, the wave equation is first decomposed into a coupled system of one-way wave equations. The system is then decoupled into a sequence of one-way wave equations with a fixed-point iteration. In this paper, a left-symbol representation of the decomposition operator and the vertical-propagation operator are used. Time-domain convergence of the Bremmer series is shown for a set of dispersive medium models. The non-dispersive case is treated with an approximation procedure.
Drivers of Supply Chain Performance Enhancing Organizational Output: An Exploratory Study for Manufacturing Sector

Purpose - The Purpose of this study is to explore the drivers of supply chain performance and give a framework that how organizations can manage these drivers for their survival. This paper is written especially for the students of business management to enhance their knowledge about supply chain practices. Methodology - The paper contains qualitative approach. In first phase the authors reviewed literature about the drivers of supply chain performance. In second phase the data from internationally published articles were collected and suggest a framework to manage the drivers of supply chain performance. Findings - The whole study concluded that there are six drivers of supply chain performance in literature that need to be managed to enhance organizational performance. These drivers are; Facilities, Inventory, Transportation, Information, Sourcing and pricing. These drivers are closely related with each other and have a greater impact on organizational performance. Organizations need to find a situation where both efficiency and responsiveness in supply chain practices are at average level to enhance their performance. This average level can only be achieved through better management of drivers of supply chain performance. Paper Limitation - The paper is limited by the fact that it focuses only manufacturing sector. Originality/value - This paper provides a collective framework for managing all drivers of supply chain performance. Keywords - Drivers of supply chain performance, Efficiency, Responsiveness, Supply chain management, Supply chain performance Paper Type - Research paper
Climate‐driven shifts in quantity and seasonality of river discharge over the past 1000 years from the hydrographic apex of North America

Runoff generated from high elevations is the primary source of freshwater for western North America, yet this critical resource is managed on the basis of short instrumental records that capture an insufficient range of climatic conditions. Here we probe the effects of climate change over the past ∼1000 years on river discharge in the upper Mackenzie River system based on paleoenvironmental information from the Peace‐Athabasca Delta. The delta landscape responds to hydroclimatic changes with marked variability, while Lake Athabasca level appears to directly monitor overall water availability. The latter fluctuated systematically over the past millennium, with the highest levels occurring in concert with maximum glacier extent during the Little Ice Age, and the lowest during the 11th century, prior to medieval glacier expansion. Recent climate‐driven hydrological change appears to be on a trajectory to even lower levels as high‐elevation snow and glacier meltwater contributions both continue to decline.
Extending the Inter-Lingual-Index with new concepts

This deliverable describes an evaluation of the possibilities to extend the InterLingual-Index with new concepts. Two different extensions have been considered: extension with domain terminology extension with concepts from other languages that have not been found in WordNet1.5. Only the first extension has been implemented in the EuroWordNet database for the domain of computing. Status of the abstract Complete
Avoiding Asda? Exploring consumer motivations in local organic food networks

Abstract Supermarkets such as Asda (owned by Wal-Mart) have responded to the growth in direct marketing and alternative agri-food networks by promoting local produce ranges, and increasingly sourcing organic produce from the UK. Thus consumers now have a choice of outlets for local and organic produce. This paper examines the implications of that choice for direct marketing in particular, and sustainable consumption in general. The paper tests the hypothesis that consumers make a conscious choice to engage in an alternative food network when they purchase through direct marketing channels, and that they are deliberately avoiding mainstream supermarkets. Research findings are presented from a survey of customers of a local organic food cooperative in Norfolk, UK which examines consumer motivations and perceptions of alternative and mainstream food provisioning. The hypothesis is confirmed: consumers expressed wide-ranging preferences for participation in the alternative food system, though there is some concern that the convenience and accessibility of supermarket provision of local and organic food threaten to erode the wider social and community benefits achieved by direct marketing initiatives.