Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The clinical implications of immunogenomics in colorectal cancer: A path for precision medicine

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third most common malignancy and the second‐leading cause of cancer‐related deaths in the United States. Large multi‐omic databases, such as The Cancer Genome Atlas and the International Colorectal Cancer Subtyping Consortium, have identified distinct molecular subtypes related to anatomy. The identification of genomic alterations in CRC is now critical because of the recent success and US Food and Drug Administration approval of pembrolizumab and nivolumab for microsatellite‐instable tumors. In parallel, landmark studies have established the prognostic significance of the CRC tumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte and the clinical impact of the tumor immune microenvironment. As a result, there is a growing appreciation for immunogenomics, the interconnected relation between tumor genomics and the immune microenvironment. The clinical implications of CRC immunogenomics continue to expand, and it will likely serve as a guide for next‐generation immunotherapy strategies for improving outcomes for this disease. Cancer 2018;124:1650‐9. © 2018 American Cancer Society
Patient-specific finite element model of the spine and spinal cord to assess the neurological impact of scoliosis correction: preliminary application on two cases with and without intraoperative neurological complications

Abstract Scoliosis is a 3D deformation of the spine and rib cage. For severe cases, surgery with spine instrumentation is required to restore a balanced spine curvature. This surgical procedure may represent a neurological risk for the patient, especially during corrective maneuvers. This study aimed to computationally simulate the surgical instrumentation maneuvers on a patient-specific biomechanical model of the spine and spinal cord to assess and predict potential damage to the spinal cord and spinal nerves. A detailed finite element model (FEM) of the spine and spinal cord of a healthy subject was used as reference geometry. The FEM was personalized to the geometry of the patient using a 3D biplanar radiographic reconstruction technique and 3D dual kriging. Step by step surgical instrumentation maneuvers were simulated in order to assess the neurological risk associated to each maneuver. The surgical simulation methodology implemented was divided into two parts. First, a global multi-body simulation was used to extract the 3D displacement of six vertebral landmarks, which were then introduced as boundary conditions into the personalized FEM in order to reproduce the surgical procedure. The results of the FEM simulation for two cases were compared to published values on spinal cord neurological functional threshold. The efficiency of the reported method was checked considering one patient with neurological complications detected during surgery and one control patient. This comparison study showed that the patient-specific hybrid model reproduced successfully the biomechanics of neurological injury during scoliosis correction maneuvers.
Proximal placement of lateral thigh skin markers reduces soft tissue artefact during normal gait using the Conventional Gait Model

Abstract A primary source of measurement error in gait analysis is soft-tissue artefact. Hip and knee angle measurements, regularly used in clinical decision-making, are particularly prone to pervasive soft tissue on the femur. However, despite several studies of thigh marker artefact it remains unclear how lateral thigh marker height affects results using variants of the Conventional Gait Model. We compared Vicon Plug-in Gait hip and knee angle estimates during gait using a proximal and distal thigh marker placement for ten healthy subjects. Knee axes were estimated by optimizing thigh rotation offsets to minimize knee varus-valgus range during gait. Relative to the distal marker, the proximal marker produced 37% less varus-valgus range and 50% less hip rotation range (p < 0.001), suggesting that it produced less soft-tissue artefact in knee axis estimates. The thigh markers also produced different secondary effects on the knee centre estimate. Using whole gait cycle optimization, the distal marker showed greater minimum and maximum knee flexion (by 6° and 2° respectively) resulting in a 4° reduction in range. Mid-stance optimization reduced distal marker knee flexion by 5° throughout, but proximal marker results were negligibly affected. Based on an analysis of the Plug-in Gait knee axis definition, we show that the proximal marker reduced sensitivity to soft-tissue artefact by decreasing collinearity between the points defining the femoral frontal plane and reducing anteroposterior movement between the knee and thigh markers. This study suggests that a proximal thigh marker may be preferable when performing gait analysis using the Plug-in Gait model.
Comparison of physiological and post-endovascular aneurysm repair infrarenal blood flow

Abstract Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) of abdominal aortic aneurysms results in redirection of blood through the deployed endograft (EG). Even though EVAR is clinically effective, the absolute flow restoration is not warranted. Our purpose was to compare the physiological with the post-EVAR infrarenal flow conditions. We developed patient-specific models based on computed tomography data of five healthy volunteers and ten patients treated with the Endurant® stent-graft system. Wall shear stress (WSS), helicity, pressure and velocity fields were calculated using computational fluid dynamics. The results showed a decrease of peak WSS on the part of the EG that resides in the iliac arteries, compared to the physiological value (p = 0.01). At the abdominal part, the average helicity seems to increase after EVAR, while at the iliac arteries part, the intensity of helical flow seems physiological. Pressure drop and peak velocity in the iliac arteries part are lower than the physiological values (p = 0.04). The comparison revealed that most hemodynamic properties converge to normal levels at the abdominal part whereas statistically significant variations were observed in the iliac arteries part. The delineation of the differences between physiological and postoperative flow data could pave the way for the improvement of EG designs.
“FISHing” to detect urinary and other cancers

The UroVysion Bladder Cancer Kit detects amplifications of chromosomes 3, 7, and 17, and the deletion of 9p21, by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Because manual interpretation of UroVysion FISH is time consuming and can be challenged by variable probe signal strengths and background labeling, the authors investigated an automated image analysis system to improve throughput, productivity, quality control, and accuracy.
Targeted use of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in cytospin preparations

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results from fine needle aspirates (FNA) of B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) were reviewed to 1) investigate the value added by using specific gene rearrangement probes to lymphoma diagnosis, prognosis, and subtyping; and 2) evaluate the prevalence of cytogenetic alterations other than specific translocations.
Fluorescence in situ hybridization for detecting urothelial carcinoma

Because urothelial carcinoma (UC) is associated with a significantly high risk of disease recurrence and progression, patients with UC require long‐term surveillance. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has been shown to be more sensitive than cytology in the detection of UC. The current study evaluated the use of FISH for detecting UC.
Commentary on “Cervical cancer screening in England: The past, present, and future”: A comparison with Canada

For cervical cancer screening to be most effective, all eligible women in the population must be enrolled in an organized program. In this issue, Albrow et al describe how cervical cancer screening in England migrated from “opportunistic” in the 1960s to “organized” in the 1980s and discuss its continued evolution as new screening approaches and technologies developed. England's current National Health Services Cervical Screening Programme is the poster child for organized screening delivery. A similar model of central coordination and peripheral delivery of screening does not exist in Canada. The provision of health services is under provincial jurisdiction, and consequently each province administers its own version of a cervical cancer screening program. To date, organized screening has only been achieved in 2 of 10 provinces, and screening elsewhere is opportunistic. Screening in Canada begins at age 18‐21, ends at age 69‐70, and mostly occurs annually. This approach has yielded a significant reduction in cervical cancer incidence and mortality, but health service utilization costs have been high. The future should see full implementation of organized screening in all provinces, and when combined with the publicly funded human papillomavirus vaccination program of young girls begun in 2008, the result should be even better cancer control. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF (Quad) has durable efficacy and differentiated safety compared to efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF at week 96 in treatment‐naïve HIV‐1‐infected patients

The primary Week 48 analysis of this ongoing, randomized, double‐blind, double‐dummy, active‐controlled Phase 3 trial of elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF (Quad) in treatment‐naïve patients demonstrated that Quad was non‐inferior to efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF (EFV/FTC/TDF) with a differentiated safety profile. We report the Week 96 interim data.
Influence of transmucosal height in abutments of single and multiple implant-supported prostheses: a non-linear three-dimensional finite element analysis

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of three different transmucosal heights of the abutments in single and multiple implant-supported prostheses through the finite element method. External hexagon implants, MicroUnit, and EsthetiCone abutments were scanned and placed in an edentulous maxillary model obtained from a tomography database. The simulations were divided into two groups: (1) one implant with 3.75 × 10 mm placed in the upper central incisor, simulating a single implant-supported fixed prosthesis with an EsthetiCone abutment; and (2) two implants with 3.75 × 10 mm placed in the upper lateral incisors with MicroUnit abutments, simulating a multiple implant-supported prosthesis. Subsequently, each group was subdivided into three models according to the transmucosal height (1, 2, and 3 mm). A static oblique load at an angle of 45 degrees to the long axis of the implant in palatal-buccal direction of 150 and 75 N was applied for multiple and single implant-supported prosthesis, respectively. The implants and abutments were assessed according to the equivalent Von Mises stress analyses while the bone and ceramics were analyzed through maximum and minimum principal stresses. The total deformation values increased in all models, while the transmucosal height was augmented. The transmucosal height of the abutments influences the stress values at the bone, ceramics, implants, and abutments of both the single and multiple implant-supported prostheses, with the transmucosal height of 1 mm showing the lowest stress values.
Relationships among Obesity, Bone Mineral Density, and Cardiovascular Risks in Post-menopausal Women.

PURPOSE This study explored the relationships among obesity, bone mineral density, and cardiovascular risks in post-menopausal women. METHODS One hundred post-menopausal women were recruited via convenience sampling from osteoporosis prevention program participants who were living in a metropolitan city in September 2006. Obesity was evaluated by body mass index, bone mineral density measured by DEXA scan, and cardiovascular risk factors assessed by a guideline of American Heart Association. RESULTS Seventy-two percent of women were either in the osteopenia or osteoporosis group, while 28% were in normal range in lumbar vertebrae. Obese women had greater bone mineral density in lumbar (F=3.31, p=.040) and femur (F=4.72, p=.011). Variables for cardiovascular risks were significantly different for high density lipoprotein (F=7.51, p=.001), systolic blood pressure (F=5.21, p=.007), and in percent of 10-year cardiovascular disease risk according to obesity. CONCLUSION Post-menopausal women are at risk for obesity, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disease. In order to prevent these conditions, nursing interventions such as resistance and aerobic exercise that reduces body weight and bone loss, increases high density lipoprotein, and reduces systolic blood pressure, should be proposed continually through health promotion programs for postmenopausal women.
Soil carbon isotopic composition and soil carbon content in an agroecosystem during six years of Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE)

The Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE) experiment conducted at the Federal Agricultural Research Centre (FAL) in Braunschweig in an arable crop rotation (total duration six years) allowed us to trace carbon (C) input in the soil C pool, as the CO2, used in the experiment to increase the atmospheric CO2 concentration, was depleted in 13C. Accurate assessment of the C input by means of stable C isotope analysis requires detailed knowledge on the spatial distribution of both the C isotopic composition and the C content in the soil C. Assumed changes in these parameters were examined. CO2 enrichment treatment over a six year period resulted in a clear trend towards an increase of soil C content in the uppermost 10 cm of soil. About 4.9% of the soil C present under ambient air conditions, and 10.7% present under elevated CO2 conditions were determined as new input. However, the results are not statistically significant yet. †Revised version of a paper presented at the 30th Annual Meeting of the German Association for Stable Isotope Research (GASIR), 8–10 October 2007, Bayreuth, Germany.
Cam-Type Femoroacetabular Impingement

Cam-type femoroacetabular impingement is an anatomic hip condition that can lead to labral pathology, hip pain and arthritis. Hip arthroscopy can be a successful intervention used to address this condition. Arthroscopic techniques continue to evolve and allow for a reproducible and effective algorithm for addressing this condition.
A Single-Institution Radical Surgery Results in Stage IB2/IIA2 (Bulky) Cervical Cancer

Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of radical surgery in patients with stage IB2 to IIA2 cervical cancer who were operated on at our center between 2002 and 2015. Materials and Methods Forty-seven cases of patients with stage IB2/IIA2 cervical cancer who underwent primary radical surgery between 2002 and 2015 were enrolled in this study. Patients’ files and pathological reports were retrospectively reviewed. Surgical, pathological, and clinical variables were analyzed and their impact on survival period was researched. Disease-free survival and overall survival periods were determined using the Kaplan-Meier test. The P value was considered significant if less than 0.05. Results Type C2 radical hysterectomy with lymphadenectomy (5 pelvic, 42 pelvic and para-aortic) was performed for all of the 47 patients in accordance with the Querleu-Morrow classification. Thirty-three of the cases were stage Ib2 and 14 cases were IIa2. Five years of overall survival was 80%. Recurrence was noted in 10 (7 pelvic, 3 extrapelvic) patients. Adjuvant therapies were needed for 83% of the patients. A univariate analysis was made for all included variables in this research and, other than recurrence, none of them was found to be statistically significant on OS and DFS. Conclusions Although adjuvant therapies are often resorted to, primary radical surgery is also a reasonable treatment option for stage IB2/IIA2 cervical cancer, especially in young premenopausal patients when preserving ovarian functions is desired.
Hürthle cells in fine‐needle aspirates of the thyroid: A review of their diagnostic criteria and significance

Although the cytological assessment of Hürthle cell lesions is challenging, the literature offers good, albeit imperfect, guidance to aid in the crucial distinction between nonneoplastic and neoplastic lesions. The significance of a cytologic diagnosis of follicular neoplasm, Hürthle cell type, lies in the rate of malignancy on follow‐up surgical excision, ranging in the literature from 10% to 45%. A cytodiagnosis of atypia of undetermined significance (AUS), Hürthle cell type, appears to be associated with a lower risk of malignancy on follow‐up than other subtypes of AUS; however, this area warrants further investigation. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2014;122:241–249. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Indoor environment and respiratory symptoms among children under five years of age in a peri-urban area of Abidjan

Children who spend more time indoors at home could become vulnerable to respiratory illnesses due to indoor pollution. There is little documentation on this major threat to public health in Côte d’Ivoire, where 70% of the population uses biomass as a home energy source. As a part of an EcoHealth project, factors associated with the prevalence of respiratory symptoms among children under five years of age were studied in a peri-urban neighbourhood north of Abidjan. From May to July 2010, a transdisciplinary team administered a questionnaire and an observation checklist to collect data on the physical quality of 681 dwellings of 899 children and the children’s living conditions. The 25.6% prevalence of respiratory symptoms was high among children whose mothers were housewives. Solid fuel burning was also linked with respiratory symptoms, as were a number of factors degrading the physical quality of dwellings (presence of mould/mildew, average number of openings per room <2, temperature ≤30℃, humidity level ≥90%). Addressing these factors that originate in children’s indoor environments would help reduce their vulnerability to respiratory illnesses.
ASSA13-10-11 Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is Associated with Subclinical Atherosclerosis

Objective Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a very frequent disease in whole world, it become a heavy medical burden in China. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between NAFLD and subclinical atherosclerosis using carotid intima media thickness (c-IMT) in check-up population in China. Methods The study population consisted of 987 participants (372 women), aged between 18 and 70 years who undertake check up in our hospital. There were 486 subjects with NAFLD and 501 apparently healthy controls without NAFLD. The age, gender and body mass index were similar. Subclinical atherosclerosis was detected by c-IMT measurement through ultrasound. Results Subjects with NAFLD had higher average and maximum CIMT (0.5 ± 0.12 and 0.58 ± 0.17mm, respectively, vs 0.39 ± 0.11 and 0.42 ± 0.12mm, respectively; p < 0.05), and had higher prevalence of atherosclerotic plaques (18.7% vs 5.9%, p < 0.05) than controls. The presence of NAFLD was observed to be the independent predictor of having high average CIMT (OR 4.2; 95% CI: 1.7–11.2) and high maximum CIMT (OR 4.7; 95% CI: 2.0–12.1) even after adjusting for obesity, blood pressure, glucose and lipid parameters. Conclusions This study has shown a possible independent role of NAFLD in determining subclinical atherosclerosis.
Is Tumor Size Really Important for Prediction of Lymphatic Dissemination in Grade 1 Endometrial Carcinoma With Superficial Myometrial Invasion?

Objectives Selection of patients with endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC), in whom systematic lymph node dissection (LND) is indicated, is an important part of management to maintain optimal oncological outcomes, while avoiding unnecessary morbidities. According to the current approach, LND is recommended for the patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) grade 1 to 2 tumors and a primary tumor diameter (PTD) greater than 2 cm, even with myometrial invasion (MMI) of less than 50%. We aimed to determine incidence of LN metastasis in this particular group of patients with grade 1 tumors, superficial MMI, and a PTD greater than 2 cm. Materials and Methods This study only focused on women with FIGO grade 1 EEC having less than 50% MMI. Therefore, women with grade 2 or 3 tumors were excluded, as well as patients with 50% or greater MMI. We also excluded women with macroscopic extrauterine disease, as well as patients with cervical stromal involvement. Patients were divided into subgroups with regard to PTD; group 1 was composed of patients with PTD of 20 mm or less, whereas group 2 was composed of patients with PTD greater than 20 mm. All clinical and pathological variables were compared between the groups. Results Final pathology reports of 484 women with EEC who underwent surgical staging were analyzed. Among these women, there were 123 women in group 1 (PTD ≤ 20 mm) and 120 women in group 2 (PTD > 20 mm), with FIGO grade 1 tumors and superficial MMI. The median number of total LNs removed was 54 (range, 20–151). There were no women with pelvic and/or para-aortic LN metastasis in group 2, as well as in group 1. Conclusions Our results suggest that lymphadenectomy may be omitted in women with FIGO grade 1 EEC having superficial MMI regardless of PTD. Deferral of systematic LND in this subgroup of patients may lead to reductions in costs and surgical morbidity.
Verschiedenartige Gewebszustände als Ursachen unterschiedlicher Schmerzarten*

Different states of tissue causing different types of pain: Using available knowledge from the literature and own practical experience, the states of overstrain and irritation, Sudecks neurogenic pain, hyperpathy and/or causalgia are described as characteristic, distinguishable types of pain of the locomotor system and/or of states of soft tissues. Different histomorphologically recognisable and functionally demonstrable states of tissue may be assigned to these distinguishable types of pain. The pathophysiological mechanisms of origin as well as ultrastructural changes in tendinous, ligamentous and muscular tissues within overstrain reactions are mentioned. Latest knowledge of the physiology of pain, e.g. of the sensitisation of nociceptors and synaptic levels, neurogenic inflammation, arousal of sleeping receptors, increase in the number of receptive areas and central sensitisation in particular contribute to a better understanding of the characteristic pain in the state of irritation. At present, a gradual, more or less segmental, co-activation of sympathetic neurons from the lateral horn of the spinal cord by afferent impulses, an adrenalineand noradrenaline-mediated sensitisation of nociceptors and the formation of an ephapsis between efferent sympathetic nerve fibres and afferent pain fibres are discussed as causes of the involvement of the sympathetic nerve in sympathetic reflex dystrophy. Little is known hitherto about the pathogenesis of hyperpathy, which is according to Foersters description (1927) accompanied by intense long-term muscular contraction and marked perspiration.