Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Migration patterns in Hungary : a life course approach

An interesting demographic phenomenon in Hungary is the declined intenstity of migration. Since the 1960s migration has declined substantially. The traditionally high net immigration surplus of urban settlements has become negative after 1990. Possible explanations for the declining migration are the ageing of the Hungarian population, changes in the government policies with regard to industrial and settlement developments, the gradual decrease of new housing construction and a stagnant economy since the 1980s resulting into a decline of real incomes.
Genetic characteristics of three recently discovered populations of the tideland snail Cerithidea djadjariensis (Martin) (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Pacific coast of the eastern Japan

The genetic characteristics of three populations of the tideland snail Cerithidea djadjariensis (Martin) that were recently discovered on the Pacific coast of the eastern Japan were compared with other Japanese conspecific popu- lations of this snail on the basis of the nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial DNA. Two populations from the Pacific coast of northeastern Honshu, the Japanese mainland, showed lower genetic diversity than and no significant differentia- tion from populations in western Honshu and Kyushu. The foundation of these populations might be attributed to range expansion along the coast, probably due to global warming. On the other hand, the population in Tokyo Bay, which was rediscovered in 2001 on an artificial tideland, was shown to be genetically different from all other Japanese populations whose genetic structures have been analyzed. It is suggested that this population was founded by human-mediated intro- duction such as transportation with short-necked clams, ballast water, or hull fouling.
The Association amongst 'Triple Negative' Breast Cancers, Lymph Node Metastasis, Disease Free and Overall Survival

‘Triple negative’ breast cancer (TNBC) has fewer specific targets for systemic therapy. We hypothesized that patients with TNBC have an increased incidence of sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastases and decreased disease-specific and overall survival. Method: Pertinent clinical, pathologic and follow-up data from all breast cancer patients undergoing SLN biopsy from 1995 through 2008 were prospectively accrued and retrospectively analyzed. Overall survival was determined by Kaplan-Meier and regression analysis with particular attention to TNBC compared to “receptor positive breast cancer” (RPBC) that expressed any of the three targets: ER, PR and/ or Her-2/neu. Results: 1,971 patients treated by standard loco-regional and systemic therapies were followed for 1 to 16.4 years. 230 (11.7%) patients had TNBC. Median and mean follow-up times for all patients were 54 and 59.7 months, respectively. There was no significant difference in the rate of SLN metastases between TNBC and RPBC (p=0.564). In the univariate analysis TNBC demonstrated a higher incidence of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (p=0.016), larger tumor size (p<0.001), and higher grade (p<0.001). Age and tumor grade were significantly different in the multivariable model (p=0.009 and p<0.001, respectively). TNBC increased the odds of distant metastases by 2.15 fold; however this was not statistically significant (p=0.063). There was a 2.71-fold increased risk of cancer death in the TNBC group in the first 8 years after initial treatment. Overall survival tended to be worse but did not reach statistical significance (p=0.079). Conclusion: Patients with TNBC had an increased mortality in the first eight years after treatment when compared to patients with RPBC. There was no difference in rates of SLN metastasis.
Haptic Texture Modeling Using Photometric Stereo

In this paper, we propose a new image-based haptic texture modeling method using photometric stereo that has much higher accuracy that previous image-based haptic texture modeling methods. Our method uses multiple images of a texture sample taken under precisely controlled lighting conditions and extracts a height map using a reconstruction method in photometric stereo. Our preliminary evaluation results show promising performance for the modeling and rendering of both homogeneous and inhomogeneous surface textures.
A Hausman Test for the Presence of Market Microstructure Noise in High Frequency Data

We develop tests that help assess whether a high frequency data sample can be treated as reasonably free of market microstructure noise at a given sampling frequency for the purpose of implementing high frequency volatility and other estimators. The tests are based on the Hausman principle of comparing two estimators, one that is efficient but not robust to the deviation being tested, and one that is robust but not as efficient. We investigate the asymptotic properties of the test statistic in a general nonparametric setting, and compare it with several alternatives that are also developed in the paper. Empirically, we find that improvements in stock market liquidity over the past decade have increased the frequency at which simple, uncorrected, volatility estimators can be safely employed.
The Plant–Type Ferredoxin-NADP+ Reductases

Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductases (FNRs, EC 1.18.1.2) constitute a family of hydrophilic, monomeric enzymes that contain non-covalently bound FAD as prosthetic group. These flavoenzymes deliver NADPH or low potential one-electron donors (ferredoxin, flavodoxin, adrenodoxin) to redox-based metabolisms in plastids, mitochondria and bacteria. The main physiological role of the chloroplast FNR is to catalyze the final step of photosynthetic electron transport, namely, the electron transfer from the ferredoxin (Fd), reduced by photosystem I, to NADP+ (Eqn. 1) (Shin & Arnon, 1965). This reaction provides the NADPH necessary for CO2 assimilation in plants and cyanobacteria. FNRs also participate in others electron transfer metabolic processes as nitrogen fixation, isoprenoid biosynthesis, steroid metabolism, xenobiotic detoxification, oxidative-stress response and iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis (Carrillo & Ceccarelli, 2003, Ceccarelli et al., 2004, Medina & Gomez-Moreno, 2004, Rohrich et al., 2005, Seeber et al., 2005). Eqn. 1 represents the electron flow through FNR as it occurs in the photosynthetic electron chain. However, the physiological direction of the reaction catalyzed by FNRs involved in the other pathways is opposite, i.e. toward the production of reduced Fd. On this basis, FNRs are sometimes classified as autotrophic (photosynthetic FNRs) and heterotrophic (all other FNRs) (Aliverti et al., 2008, Arakaki et al., 1997).
Confluence scour in coarse braided streams

Laboratory models of a braided valley flat in coarse material were used in conjunction with field data to study confluence scour at braid anabranches. Correct prediction of the depth of scour is required for the design of buried pipeline crossings. Braid pattern and anabranches constantly shift and avulse so that scour holes have definable lifetimes. Although the scatter is large, the depth of water in the scour hole depends on confluence and relative anabranch discharge; this depth can be as high as six times the ambient depths in the anabranches.
A Foliar Blight and Tuber Rot of Potato Caused by Phytophthora nicotianae: New Occurrences and Characterization of Isolates.

Phytophthora spp. are pathogenic to many plant species worldwide, and late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, and pink rot, caused by P. erythroseptica, are two important diseases of potato. Another Phytophthora sp. , P. nicotianae, was recovered from pink-rot-symptomatic tubers collected from commercial fields in Nebraska, Florida, and Missouri in 2005, 2006, and 2007, respectively. P. nicotianae also was recovered from foliage obtained from commercial potato fields in Nebraska and Texas exhibiting symptoms very similar to those of late blight. Isolates of P. cactorum also were recovered from foliar infections in a commercial potato field in Minnesota in 2005. Natural infection of potato foliage by P. cactorum and infection of wounded potato tuber tissue via inoculation with zoospores of P. capsici are reported here for the first time. Isolates of P. nicotianae, regardless of origin, were primarily of the A1 mating type. All isolates of P. nicotianae and P. cactorum were sensitive to the fungicide mefenoxam. Optimum growth of P. nicotianae, P. erythroseptica, and P. cactorum in vitro occurred at 25°C; however, only P. nicotianae sustained growth at 35°C. Regardless of the tissue of origin, all isolates of P. nicotianae and P. cactorum were capable of infecting potato tubers and leaves. However, isolates of P. nicotianae were less aggressive than P. erythroseptica isolates only when tubers were not wounded prior to inoculation. Pink rot incidence varied significantly among potato cultivars following inoculation of nonwounded tubers with zoospores of P. nicotianae, ranging from 51% in Red Norland to 19% in Atlantic. Phytophthora spp. also differed significantly in their ability to infect potato leaves. Highest infection frequencies were obtained with P. infestans and levels of infection varied significantly among P. nicotianae isolates. The rate of foliar lesion expansion was similar among isolates of P. nicotianae and P. infestans. Whereas P. infestans infections yielded profuse sporulation, no sporulation was observed with foliar infections of P. nicotianae.
Modeling Permeation through Mixed-Matrix Membranes: A Review

Over the past three decades, mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs), comprising an inorganic filler phase embedded in a polymer matrix, have emerged as a promising alternative to overcome limitations of conventional polymer and inorganic membranes. However, while much effort has been devoted to MMMs in practice, their modeling is largely based on early theories for transport in composites. These theories consider uniform transport properties and driving force, and thus models for the permeability in MMMs often perform unsatisfactorily when compared to experimental permeation data. In this work, we review existing theories for permeation in MMMs and discuss their fundamental assumptions and limitations with the aim of providing future directions permitting new models to consider realistic MMM operating conditions. Furthermore, we compare predictions of popular permeation models against available experimental and simulation-based permeation data, and discuss the suitability of these models for predicting MMM permeability under typical operating conditions.
Happy relationships between marine sponges and sediments – a review and some observations from Australia

Being sessile filter feeders, sponges may be disadvantaged by sediments in many ways, e.g. through clogging and burial. However, in order to correctly recognize negative effects of sediments in the field, natural relationships of sponge taxa adapted to a life with sediments need to be understood. The present publication reviews available literature and provides observations on natural and beneficial interactions of sponges with sediments, distinguishing several strategies: (1) Saving energy through sediment incorporation, reducing or replacing spicule production commonly occurs in keratose, verongimorph, tethyid and poecilosclerid sponges, which often received scientific names referring to sediments. (2) Forming sediment crusts externally or embedded in surface tissues reinforces outer layers, provides shade, and for external crusts camouflage and shelter from spongivory and desiccation. External crusts often occur in the tethyids and axinellids, while surface armour is most common in keratose sponges. (3) Anchoring in soft sediments provides a selective advantage for space colonization. This is mainly achieved in the hexactinellid, polymastiid and spirophorine sponges by using spicules (predominantly in deeper water), commonly in endopsammic sponges by rootlets, basal agglutination and basal incorporation of particles, and in various groups by attachment to buried materials (shallow water). (4) Living at least partially embedded in sediments (psammobiosis) appears to be best developed in Oceanapia spp. and bioeroding sponges, generates shelter from various external conditions and reduces the risk of spongivory. Typical morphological characters of sediment-adapted sponges are thus sediment skeletons and surface crusts (reinforcement), stalks and fistules (elevation above sediments), spicule tufts and root-systems (anchoring).
Laser near rield lens for atoms

We suggest and examine an atom optics focusing element based on the near field arising in the diffraction of laser radiation by an aperture of small size (less than an optical wavelength) in a thin conducting screen. The quasi-re~onant interaction potential of the atom and the near field is found to be close to the potential of the ideal lens. Within the quasi-classical dynamics of atoms we consider the role of chromatic, spherical aberration. Taking the diffraction aberrations into account we find that it is possible to focus atoms into spot with radiu~ 4-7 nm.
DESTINASYON KIŞILIĞININ TURISTLERIN DAVRANIŞSAL NIYETLERI ÜZERINDEKI ETKISI: ŞANLIURFA ÖRNEĞI

The aim of this research is to determine the destination personality of Şanlıurfa and to explain the effect of destination personality on behavioral intentions. Brand Personality Scale (BPS) of Aaker (1997) was used in this study for questionnare. Data were analysed with explanatory factor and regression analyses. As a result of the study, it is determined that among the all personality dimensions “sincerity” dimension has the most influence level which is positively on tourists’ behavioral intentions. While “sincerity dimension” has the most influence level on recommend intention and getting favourable impression, “excitement and sophisticated dimension” has the most influence level on revisit intention. It is thought that this study will contribute to the related literature, also it will reveal the destination personality of Şanlıurfa which has rich historical and cultural resources.
Empirical Study of Relationship between Twitter Mood and Stock Market from an Indian Context

Various studies have been conducted to investigate relationship between sentiment from investors or from news and stock market movement. From literature study it is observed, there is no systematic study conducted on the same for India, which is one of the leading emerging markets of the world. In this paper, ‘twitter’ have been used as the source of the news as mostly all popular channels publishes news through tweets. Corpora of 0.3 Million tweets have been collected between July 2014 to Mar, 2015, from 30+ relevant twitter handles. The polarity of the news has been extracted and shown to have a significant correlation with stock market movement measured in terms of ‘Sensex’ and ‘Nifty’, the major stock indices of India. Relationship of the sentiment with other macroeconomic factors like Gas and Oil Price, Exchange rate etc. has also been examined.
GAUSS-BONNET FOR DISCRETE SURFACES

Gauss-Bonnet is a deep result in differential geometry that illustrates a fundamental relationship between the curvature of a surface and its Euler characteristic. In this paper I introduce and examine properties of discrete surfaces in effort to prove a discrete Gauss-Bonnet analog. I preface this proof with an exploration of how the Euler characteristic and Gaussian curvature, two key players in Gauss-Bonnet, function in the smooth and discrete settings. After developing these ideas, I ultimately demonstrate the existence of Gauss-Bonnet for both discrete surfaces with and without boundary. I conclude by computing examples that compare the results of Discrete GaussBonnet against the original formulation of Gauss-Bonnet for smooth surfaces.
Alzheimer Disease: OCT Retinal and Choroidal Thickness

The aim of this study is to compare macular retinal layers and choroidal thicknesses of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with those of patients without other known ophthalmological pathology, using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to assess the effects of age, gender, spherical equivalent, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, axial length and mean arterial pressure on macular retinal layers thickness. Fifty eyes of 50 patients (mean age 73.10; SD=5.36 years) with a diagnosis of mild AD and 152 eyes of 152 patients without AD (mean age 71.03; SD=4.62 years) were included. There was a thinning in the peripheral ring of the ganglion cell layer (GCL) in the AD group (S6 p < 0.001; T6 and N6 p = 0.001). In the superior sectors of the inner plexiform layer (IPL), differences between the two groups also remained statistically significant after Bonferroni correction (S3 p = 0.001 and S6 p < 0.001). In the outer layers we did not observe differences statistically significant for AD group. These layers’ thicknesses were associated with statistical significance with gender (in inner and outer nuclear layers), age and choroidal thickness (CT) (in photoreceptor layer). In the AD patients group, CT was significantly thinner than in the first group of patients without AD, in all 13 locations (p<0.001), and age was relevant factor. Patients with AD showed a significant reduction in retinal layers and choroidal thickness. The thinnest macular measurements were found mostly in the inner layers, GCL and IPL, at superior sectors (pericentral and peripheral rings). This thinning may reflect a retinal characteristic of AD, related with both primary retinal lesion and transsynaptic retrograde degeneration and the choroidal thinning probably reflects the importance of vascular factors in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Amelioration of salinity stress by NaCl pretreatment with reference to sugar metabolism in legumes Cajanas cajan L. and Vigna mungo L.

The effect of salinity stress and its amelioration by pretreatment with low concentration of NaCl (50mM) on growth and sugar metabolism in arhar (cv. T120) and maskalai (cv. WBU109) seedlings were studied. Salinity was found to be more toxic for root growth than shoot growth. Fresh weight and dry weight of the seedlings gradually decreased with increasing concentrations of NaCl treatment. It was demonstrated that direct germination on NaCl solution increased both reducing sugar and non-reducing sugar contents while decreased the starch contents which were to some extent decreased by pretreatment of seeds with 50mM NaCl prior to germination in salt solutions. Salinity stress also affected the activites of different sugar metabolizing enzymes. The increase in the activities of starch phosphorylase, sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase and decrease in the activities of acid invertase were observed in directly salt treated test seedlings that were altered by pretreatment with sublethal concentration of NaCl in both the cultivars arhar (cv. T120) and maskalai (cv. WBU109) seeds. Thus the application of pretreatment by sublethal concentration of NaCl in both arhar (cv. T120) and maskalai (cv. WBU109) seeds exhibited significant alteration of all the partinent parameters tested under salinity stress and the effect of pretreatment in most of the parameters were more prominent in arhar (cv. T120) with compared to maskalai (cv. WBU109) seedlings.
Evolution of Galapagos Magmas: Mantle and Crustal Fractionation without Assimilation

Summary of helium isotopic data from the Gala´pagos Islands and dredged samples from the Gala´pagos Platform; data from Graham et al . (1993) and Kurz et al . (1993). Data are normalized to the atmospheric value (R/Ra). Most Gala´pagos samples are intermediate betweenMORB value of 8 – 1 and the Fernandina value >22. material in those magmas. The exception is Floreana structure. First, the depth to the magma chambers mayisland, which ranges from 14·5 to 7·7 Ra. It is possible be due to the rate at which magma is supplied from thethat the low value at Floreana reﬂects assimilation of mantle, as the volcano is carried away from the focus ofmaterial with excess radiogenic 4 He by a magma with the hotspot. The volcanoes in a juvenile, growing stage( 3 He/ 4 He) Ra =14; most Floreana lavas contain abundant of evolution (those that have had numerous historicdisaggregated debris from ultramaﬁc xenoliths (Bow & eruptions) are dominated by lavas with MgO con-Geist, 1992), a potential source of helium contamination. centrations between 5 and 6% (e.g. Reynolds & Geist,1995). A narrow, deep caldera characterizes the juvenilestage (e.g. Cerro Azul, Wolf, and Fernandina), and iteventually broadens and shallows because of ﬁlling with
Histology-validated x-ray tomography for imaging human coronary arteries

Heart disease is the number one cause of death worldwide. To improve therapy and patient outcome, the knowledge of anatomical changes in terms of lumen morphology and tissue composition of constricted arteries is crucial for designing a localized drug delivery to treat atherosclerosis disease. Traditional tissue characterization by histology is a pivotal tool, although it brings disadvantages such as vessel morphology modification during decalcification and slicing. X-ray tomography in absorption and phase contrast modes yields a deep understanding in blood vessel anatomy in healthy and diseased stages: measurements in absorption mode make visible highly absorbing tissue components including cholesterol plaques, whereas phase contrast tomography gains better contrast of the soft tissue components such as vessel walls. Established synchrotron radiation-based micro-CT techniques ensure high performance in terms of 3D visualization of highly absorbing and soft tissues.
Allocation of Discrete Energy on a Datacenter using a Digital Power Grid

Electrical power supply of datacenters constitutes major operational costs. In principle, two approaches may be pursued in attempting to reduce such costs: 1) optimization of the distribution of computational workload within servers of the datacenter, or 2) by providing the supplying energy to exact match the consumption demands. In this paper, we focus on the second approach by using the properties of a digital power grid. Different from the present power grid, where energy is supplied continuously and in amounts to satisfy large demands, the digital power grid supplies energy in the form of packets and upon request. Energy packets are specifically addressed to one, or multiple servers and to no others, and they carry the amount of energy that has been requested. To evaluate the level of energy supply, we model the consumption time of a server as an ONOFF Markov chain. Through simulation, we show that the digital grid not only reduces the energy safety margins used by current energy providers to assure system stability, and estimated at 15% above average use, but it also satisfies about 99% of the energy requests of datacenter servers when the capacity of the power grid equals the average energy request and without a safety margin. We also discuss some properties of the digital power grid that integrates data-communications and power equipment.
Does Cyg OB2 harbour any open cluster

We report the detection of three new open cluster candidates located in Cygnus. Two of them are projected near the center of the rich compact association Cyg OB2. These two objects have been found during an optical inspection of that region with Digitized Sky Survey images. Using 2MASS photometry we determined their fundamental parameters. We assumed an age of 1-4 Myr and obtained a distance from the Sun d= 1:8 0:2 kpc for both objects. Reddening values for Objects 1 and 2 are E(B V)= 2:12 0:06 and E(B V)= 1:82 0:06, respectively. A normal luminosity function is observed down to A0 stars, similar to that of NGC 6910. The two open cluster candidates may form a physical pair in Cyg OB2, similar to Tr 14/Tr 16 in Car OB1. Subsequently, we carried out a systematic search with 2MASS in a region 3 3 encompassing Cyg OB2. A third uncatalogued object resulted from this search which is projected just outside Cyg OB2.