Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Yin and Yang of the Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System in Acute Kidney Injury

dispersion during coughing with and without wearing a surgical or N95 mask. PLoS One 2012;7:e50845. 12. Johnson DF, Druce JD, Birch C, Grayson ML. A quantitative assessment of the efficacy of surgical and N95 masks to filter influenza virus in patients with acute influenza infection. Clin Infect Dis 2009;49:275–277. 13. Liu M, Cheng SZ, Xu KW, Yang Y, Zhu QT, Zhang H, et al. Use of personal protective equipment against coronavirus disease 2019 by healthcare professionals in Wuhan, China: cross sectional study. BMJ 2020;369:m2195. 14. Tobin MJ. Basing respiratory management of COVID-19 on physiological principles. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020;201: 1319–1320. 15. Daniel P, Mecklenburg M, Massiah C, Joseph MA, Wilson C, Parmar P, et al. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation versus endotracheal intubation in treatment of COVID-19 patients requiring ventilatory support. Am J Emerg Med 2021;43: 103–108.
Reinforcing Magnetorheological Fluids with Highly Anisotropic 2D Materials.

Magnetorheological fluids (MRF) are suspensions of magnetic particles that solidify in the presence of a magnetic field. While non-magnetic additives could improve MRF performance, explorations into such additives have not coalesced into an understanding of their influence, and particularly the role of additive morphology. Here, we explore α-Ni(OH)2 2D sheets, with aspect ratios of ~25,000, as highly anisotropic MRF additives. Experiments studying pressure-driven flow of an MRF with and without these sheets show that their addition can increase the saturation pressure by as much as 46%. However, shear-mode rheology reveals that they can also weaken the MRF by inhibiting the chaining of the iron particles at low field strengths and have no effect at higher field strengths. In order to reconcile the strikingly different results, we propose that 2D materials introduce a non-Newtonian handle to modify smart fluids in a manner that depends on the curvature of the shearing strain rate profile. Specifically, we identify a modification to the Buckingham-Reiner model of pressure-driven flow for a Bingham plastic in which the sheets widen the solidified plug. This work highlights the subtle interaction between particles in smart fluids and flows and emphasizes the opportunity for using anisotropy to tune this interaction.
Corpus Callosum Diffusion Anisotropy and Hemispheric Lateralization of Language in Patients with Brain Arteriovenous Malformations

BACKGROUND The corpus callosum (CC) plays a key role in mediating interhemispheric connectivity and developing functional hemispheric asymmetries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in corpus callosum microstructure accompanying interhemispheric language reorganization in patients with brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). METHODS Forty-one patients with an unruptured AVM located in anatomically defined language areas underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging. Hemispheric dominance of Broca's area (BA) and Wernicke's area (WA) was assessed separately. Right-sided or bilateral language dominance was classified as atypical lateralization. The CC was segmented into five subregions, and the mean fractional anisotropy (FA) was extracted. The relationship between callosal FA and language lateralization patterns was statistically analyzed. RESULTS We observed atypical language lateralization in 16 (39.0%) patients. Patients with atypical lateralization exhibited significantly higher mean FA values in the total CC (p = 0.002) and the anterior (p = 0.047), mid-anterior (p = 0.001) and mid-posterior (p = 0.043) subregions. Significant interaction effects of BA and WA lateralization were found for FA values in the total CC (p = 0.005) and the mid-anterior subregion (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that AVM patients with atypical language lateralization exhibit higher callosal FA values, reflecting greater interhemispheric connectivity. Our findings contribute additional insights into the understanding of functional and structural plasticity of the human brain under pathological states.
Electrochemical Applications of Silica-Based Organic−Inorganic Hybrid Materials

A comprehensive overview is presented on the implication of silica-based organic-inorganic hybrid materials in electrochemical science. It involves composite materials of both class I (weak bonds between the organic and inorganic components) and class II (strong chemical bonds). Starting with a description of the common designs of electrodes modified with these hybrids, the review then reports their applications in the various fields of electrochemistry, illustrating the diversity of the organically modified silicates used for this purpose. The mild chemical conditions allowed by the sol-gel process provide very versatile access to these electrochemical devices. They have found many applications in electroanalysis, including preconcentration associated with voltammetric detection, permselective coatings, electrochemical sensors, electrocatalysis, and detectors for chromatography. They were also applied as redox and conducting polymers, as solid polymer electrolytes for batteries, for the design of spectroelectrochemical and electro-chemiluminescence devices, and in the field of electrochemical biosensors.
Developmental programming of the female reproductive system—a review†

Abstract Exposures to adverse conditions in utero can lead to permanent changes in the structure and function of key physiological systems in the developing fetus, increasing the risk of disease and premature aging in later postnatal life. When considering the systems that could be affected by an adverse gestational environment, the reproductive system of developing female offspring may be particularly important, as changes have the potential to alter both reproductive capacity of the first generation, as well as health of the second generation through changes in the oocyte. The aim of this review is to examine the impact of different adverse intrauterine conditions on the reproductive system of the female offspring. It focuses on the effects of exposure to maternal undernutrition, overnutrition/obesity, hypoxia, smoking, steroid excess, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and pollutants during gestation and draws on data from human and animal studies to illuminate underlying mechanisms. The available data indeed indicate that adverse gestational environments alter the reproductive physiology of female offspring with consequences for future reproductive capacity. These alterations are mediated via programmed changes in the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis and the structure and function of reproductive tissues, particularly the ovaries. Reproductive programming may be observed as a change in the timing of puberty onset and menopause/reproductive decline, altered menstrual/estrous cycles, polycystic ovaries, and elevated risk of reproductive tissue cancers. These reproductive outcomes can affect the fertility and fecundity of the female offspring; however, further work is needed to better define the possible impact of these programmed changes on subsequent generations. Summary sentence Explores the extent to which different environmental exposures during gestation impact the reproductive physiology of female offspring by drawing on data from human and experimental animal studies to illuminate underlying mechanisms.
Current strategies for managing intestinal failure-associated liver disease

ABSTRACT Introduction: Intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) refers to hepatic dysfunction that results from prolonged parenteral nutrition (PN) use. IFALD is multifactorial in origin and remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Prior to 2004, IFALD was associated with mortality as high as 90% in infants who remained on PN greater than 1 year. The advent of new strategies for intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) administration and improved catheter care now allow many patients to remain on PN and recover from this once fatal condition. Several additional treatment modalities are often used to further improve outcomes for IFALD patients and they are reviewed here. Areas covered: The etiology of IFALD is presented, as well as the rationale behind the use of ILEs that contain fish oil. Other management strategies are addressed, including the effects of several pharmacologic and nutritional interventions. Expert opinion: Like its etiology, the management of IFALD is multifactorial. Prompt recognition of patients at risk, avoiding macronutrient excess, and preventing central line associated bloodstream infections will improve outcomes. In patients who develop IFALD, the use of fish oil monotherapy seems to be efficacious. The most effective intervention, however, continues to be discontinuation of PN and achieving full enteral feedings.
Psychiatric Comorbidity in the Subtypes of ADHD in Children and Adolescents with ADHD According to DSM-IV

Introduction: The prevalence rate of psychiatric comorbidity in children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) was 60–80%. The objective of this study was to examine comorbid disorders associated with ADHD and the subtypes of ADHD in children and adolescents with the diagnosis of ADHD. Method: The study included 326 children and adolescents aged between 8–15 years who were diagnosed with ADHD for the first time as a result of an interview by psychiatry, in a child adolescent psychiatry clinic in İzmir. Sociodemographic form, Turgay DSM-IV Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale and Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children Present and Lifetime version were used to assess psychiatric comorbidity. Results: The comorbidities accompanied ADHD were disruptive behavior disorder (28.8%), depressive disorder (13.2%), obsessive-compulsive disorder (9.5%) and anxiety disorder (6.1%). When the subtypes of ADHD were assessed according to psychiatric comorbidity, oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder were frequently seen with ADHD combined type, whereas anxiety disorder was more frequent with ADHD inattentive type. Discussion: Comorbidity in ADHD Combined type increases the severity of disease, delays treatment response and exacerbates prognosis. Therefore, it is very important to determine which psychiatric diagnosis accompany with ADHD.
A Prospective Outcomes Pilot Evaluation of Inspire Now: A Program for People with Lung Cancer

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in Canada, yet patients are often under-supported. A six-week program called Inspire Now, created to address unmet supportive care needs, was evaluated in this study. Feasibility and preliminary outcomes were assessed in order to inform future changes to the program. Objectives: (1) Assess the feasibility of the program and its evaluation; (2) pilot the collection of patient-reported outcomes; (3) identify outcomes that may be positively influenced; and (4) inform program modifications. Methods: Participants were recruited from the first session of Inspire Now for an observational pilot study. The primary outcome was feasibility. Secondary outcomes included within-person changes in Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Lung (FACT-L) and Measure Yourself Concerns and Wellbeing (MYCaW), and program satisfaction and qualitative experiences of participants and facilitators through internally-developed questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Analysis was primarily descriptive, within person changes in FACT-L and MYCaW were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and qualitative data was assessed for common themes. Results: The program and its evaluation were feasible; 8 of 9 (89%) participants consented to the study, median attendance was 6 of 6 sessions (IQR 4.5-6), and questionnaire completion was 100% at baseline and 75% at follow-up. There were clinically meaningful improvements in MYCaW concern 1 (−1.2, 95% CI −2.0 to −0.4) and overall wellbeing (−0.9, 95% CI −2.1 to 0.4). Seven of eight FACT-L sub-sections trended toward improvement, with absolute changes ranging from −1.7 to 10.8%. Participant feedback was overwhelmingly positive; group support and social interactions were highly valued. Conclusions: The group intervention for people with lung cancer was feasible to both run and evaluate. Participants responded positively to the program. Findings will inform changes to future sessions and an analysis of multiple sessions is planned.
A Large Tn7-like Transposon Confers Hyperresistance to Copper in Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae

Copper compounds have traditionally been used as standard bactericides in agriculture in the past few decades. However, the extensive use of copper has fostered the evolution of bacterial copper resistance mechanisms. Pseudomonas syringae is a plant-pathogenic bacterium used worldwide as a model to study plant-pathogen interactions. ABSTRACT Copper resistance mechanisms provide an important adaptive advantage to plant-pathogenic bacteria under exposure to copper treatments. Copper resistance determinants have been described in Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss) strains isolated from mango intimately associated with 62-kb plasmids belonging to the pPT23A family (PFP). It has been previously described that the indiscriminate use of copper-based compounds promotes the selection of copper-resistant bacterial strains and constitutes a selective pressure in the evolution of copper resistance determinants. Hence, we have explored in this study the copper resistance evolution and the distribution of specific genetic determinants in two different Pss mango populations isolated from the same geographical regions, mainly from southern Spain, with an average of 20 years of difference. The total content of plasmids, in particular the 62-kb plasmids, and the number of copper-resistant Pss strains were maintained at similar levels over time. Interestingly, the phylogenetic analysis indicated the presence of a phylogenetic subgroup (PSG) in the Pss mango phylotype mostly composed of the recent Pss population analyzed in this study that was strongly associated with a hyperresistant phenotype to copper. Genome sequencing of two selected Pss strains from this PSG revealed the presence of a large Tn7-like transposon of chromosomal location, which harbored putative copper and arsenic resistance genes (COARS Tn7-like). Transformation of the copper-sensitive Pss UMAF0158 strain with some putative copper resistance genes and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR experiments brought to light the role of COARS Tn7-like transposon in the hyperresistant phenotype to copper in Pss. IMPORTANCE Copper compounds have traditionally been used as standard bactericides in agriculture in the past few decades. However, the extensive use of copper has fostered the evolution of bacterial copper resistance mechanisms. Pseudomonas syringae is a plant-pathogenic bacterium used worldwide as a model to study plant-pathogen interactions. The adaption of P. syringae to plant surface environment is the most important step prior to an infection. In this scenario, copper resistance mechanisms could play a key role in improving its epiphytic survival. In this work, a novel Tn7-like transposon of chromosomal location was detected in P. syringae pv. syringae strains isolated from mango. This transposon conferred the highest resistance to copper sulfate described to date for this bacterial phytopathogen. Understanding in depth the copper resistance mechanisms and their evolution is an important step for the agricultural industry to improve disease management strategies.
New Charge-Transporting Fluorinated Materials for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes and Organic Semiconductor Lasers

We proposed and synthesized a new oxadiazole derivative, 1,3-bis [2-(3,5-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1,3,5-oxadiazole-5-yl]benzene (F 12 -OXD). We investigated the characteristics of F 12 -OXD as an electron transport layer for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and a cladding layer for organic semiconductor lasers (OSLs). We confirmed that F 12 -OXD was available for OLEDs and OSLs.
Opening eyes to therapeutic perspectives of bioactive polyphenols and their nanoformulations against diabetic neuropathy and related complications

ABSTRACT Introduction: Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is one of the major complications arising from hyperglycaemia in diabetic patients. In recent years polyphenols present in plants have gained attention to treat DN. The main advantages associated with them are their action via different molecular pathways to manage DN and their safety. However, they failed to gain clinical attention due to challenges associated with their formulation development such as lipophilicity,poor bioavailability, rapid systemic elimination, and enzymatic degradation. Area covered: This article includes different polyphenols that have shown their potential against DN in preclinical studies and the research carried out towards development of their nanoformulations in order to overcome aforementioned issues. Expert opinion: In this review various polyphenol based nanoformulations such as nanospheres, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems, niosomes, electrospun nanofibers, metallic nanoparticles explored exclusively to treat DN are discussed. However, the literature available related to polyphenol based nanoformulations to treat DN is limited. Moreover, these experiments are limited to preclinical studies. Hence, more focus is required towards development of nanoformulations using simple and single step process as well as inexpensive and non-toxic excipients so that a stable, scalable, reproducible and non-toxic formulation could be achieved and clinical trials could be initiated.
Phthalocyanines and Related Compounds: Subunits for the Preparation of Molecular Materials

The design, synthesis, structural and physical characterization and engineering, and the study of the electrical conductivity and the nonlinear optical properties of phthalocyanines and molecular substances related to them, such as subphthalocyanines, hemiporphyrazines and triazolephthalocyanines were reviewed.
MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson’s disease: A promising direction for therapeutic strategies

Among the popular animal models of Parkinson’s disease (PD) commonly used in research are those that employ neurotoxins, especially 1-methyl- 4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). This neurotoxin exerts it neurotoxicity by causing a barrage of insults, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial apoptosis, inflammation, excitotoxicity, and formation of inclusion bodies acting singly and in concert, ultimately leading to dopaminergic neuronal damage in the substantia nigra pars compacta and striatum. The selective neurotoxicity induced by MPTP in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons of the mouse brain has led to new perspectives on PD. For decades, the MPTP-induced mouse model of PD has been the gold standard in PD research even though it does not fully recapitulate PD symptomatology, but it does have the advantages of simplicity, practicability, affordability, and fewer ethical considerations and greater clinical correlation than those of other toxin models of PD. The model has rejuvenated PD research and opened new frontiers in the quest for more novel therapeutic and adjuvant agents for PD. Hence, this review summarizes the role of MPTP in producing Parkinson-like symptoms in mice and the experimental role of the MPTP-induced mouse model. We discussed recent developments of more promising PD therapeutics to enrich our existing knowledge about this neurotoxin using this model.
Unsupervised Feature Selection With Constrained ℓ₂,₀-Norm and Optimized Graph

In this article, we propose a novel feature selection approach, named unsupervised feature selection with constrained <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _{2,0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-norm (row-sparsity constrained) and optimized graph (RSOGFS), which unifies feature selection and similarity matrix construction into a general framework instead of independently performing the two-stage process; thus, the similarity matrix preserving the local manifold structure of data can be determined adaptively. Unlike those sparse learning-based feature selection methods that can only solve the relaxation or approximation problems by introducing sparsity regularization term into the objective function, the proposed method directly tackles the original <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _{2,0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-norm constrained problem to achieve group feature selection. Two optimization strategies are provided to solve the original sparse constrained problem. The convergence and approximation guarantees for the new algorithms are rigorously proved, and the computational complexity and parameter determination are theoretically analyzed. Experimental results on real-world data sets show that the proposed method for solving a nonconvex problem is superior to the state of the arts for solving the relaxed or approximate convex problems.
Analysis of magnesium–carbon bonding in magnesium anthracene systems

Ab initio calculations at the MP2/3-21G(*) level of theory have been carried out for the magnesium–anthracene complexes 9,10-magnesiumanthracene•3H2O (1) and the 9-methyl (2), dimethyl (3), and 9,10-bis(methylsilyl) (4) substituted derivatives. The theoretically predicted geometries of the anthracene ligands are also reported. The calculated geometries of 1–4 are in very good agreement with experimental values for the corresponding THF complexes. The Mg—C9,10 bonds of the bridged structures are rather long and the anthracene ligands are folded by ~40° along the C9–C10 line in the complexes. Analysis of the electronic structure shows clearly that the Mg—C9,10 bonds should be considered as purely ionic. This is revealed by topological analysis of the electron density distribution and its associated Laplacian. The electron density at the Mg—C9,10 bond critical points ρ(rb) is very low and the Laplacian and the energy density Hb have positive values. The ionic nature of the Mg—C9,10 bond is also indicated by .
Gradient Mineralized and Porous Double-Network Hydrogel Effectively Induce the Differentiation of BMSCs into Osteochondral Tissue In Vitro for Potential Application in Cartilage Repair.

At present, it is a considerable challenge to mimic the complex architecture of osteochondral (OC) tissue. In this study, a porous and gradient mineralized double-network hydrogel is synthesized and used to induce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to differentiate into the desired OC tissue depending only on the material and mechanical properties. Physical and chemical characterizations show that hydroxyapatite nanoparticles grow and fill into the pores of the hydrogel, and their content presents a gradient change in different layers of hydrogel. The synthesized hydrogel has excellent mechanical properties and the compression strength with different mineralization degrees varies from 27 to 380 kPa, which fully meets the needs of increased mechanical strength of articular cartilage from the surface to the deep layer. Besides, the synthesized hydrogel has good biocompatibility that can promote the proliferation and growth of BMSCs. More importantly, the results of histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and real time polymerase chain reaction show that gradient mineralized hydrogel can induce BMSCs to differentiate into the desired chondrocytes and osteoblasts in different layers of hydrogels, indicating that OC tissues can be successfully constructed through a simple induction differentiation of gradient mineralized hydrogel.