Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the cariogenic and erosive potential of pediatric liquid analgesics : An in-vitro study

Pediatric liquid analgesics (PLA) are widely prescr ibed and are easily accepted by both parents and children. H owever, these drugs can place patients at risk for dental c aries and dental erosion, especially when used on a regular b asis and over a long period of time [1]. The palatability of pediatric liquid medicaments (PLMs) is renowned in children a s compared to its commonly used counter physical stat e tablet. The recognition is especially due in sweetened prep arations of the former. Sucrose is widely used in the pharmaceu tical industry due to its properties as preservative, ant ioxidant, solvent and thickening agent. It is also a low-cost , easily processed and pleasantly sweetish substance [2]. However, frequent ingestion of sugars can be rapidly ferment ed by oral bacteria producing sufficient acid to dissolve dent al enamel. Acids are commonly used in medicines as buffering a gents to maintain chemical stability, control tonicity or to ensure physiological compatibility. In addition, acids are used to improve flavor as well as promote the acid-base rea ctions that act to disperse effervescent and dispersible tablet s on contact with water. However, when these medicines’ pH is be low 5.5, they may activate dental erosion. While the active ingredients in these medicines are necessary for improvement or maintenance of health, some inactive ingredients ma y pose dangers like dental caries and dental erosion [3]. This problem especially concerns chronically sick children who r equire long-term medication, and children who receive medi cations frequently because of various recurrent benign path ologies, such as cough and cold [4,5]. However, there are only few studies which have quantified the erosive potential of pediatric liquid medications in primary teeth . Therefore, th e aim of the present study was to analyze the endogenous pH, vis cosity and total sugar content in these medicines.
Towards Estimation and Correction of Wind Effects on a Quadrotor UAV

In this paper the problem of estimation and correction of wind effects on a quadrotor UAV, without using wind sensors, is discussed. A large body of research addresses the effects of wind on a quadrotor, however most of them consider it only as a disturbance in their control loop and, for this reason, they solved the problem compensating for the wind with a powerful controller. The main part of this paper is related to the modeling of wind on a quadrotor and to the wind tunnel tests performed at the IFD wind tunnel of ETH Zurich. The approach presented can be used as a starting point for future works. The results obtained in the wind tunnel are really promising for the formulation of a complete aerodynamic model of the quadrotor that has been missing until now.
Imaging of Spinal Trauma by Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography

MDCT is the preferred primary imaging modality in spine trauma patients. MRI gives superior contrast resolution for detection of soft tissue injuries and is the imaging modality of choice in detection of soft tissue injuries, spinal cord injuries, injury to intervertebral disc and ligaments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of MRI and MDCT in assessing the cord injuries, soft tissue injuries and bony injuries. The study was conducted on a total of thirty eight patients with spinal trauma which were referred between October 2015 & September 2017. All the cases were investigated using MDCT and MRI. Assessment of spinal trauma was done using both the imaging modalities in all the patients and the findings were studied under the following categories: Vertebral compression fractures, distraction fractures, posterior element fractures, vertebral listhesis, prevertebral soft tissue injuries, bone marrow edema, spinal canal narrowing, disc herniation, epidural hematoma, spinal cord injury and ligamentous injuries. In this crosssectional study of 38 patients, 12 cases of Stable injuries and 26 cases of Unstable injuries were noted according to Denis classification. 108 fractures were identified by CT and out of these, 52 fractures demonstrated bone marrow edema on MR examination and 56 fractures didn’t show any evidence of bone marrow edema. 76% of compression fractures showed bone marrow edema as compared to 33% and 26% in distraction fractures and other fractures respectively.MDCT was superior to rest of the imaging modalities in the diagnosis of vertebral fractures, however, it is insensitive to diagnosis of spinal cord injuries. MR Imaging is the only imaging modality to assess spinal cord injury.MR imaging should be considered a primary imaging modality to assess epidural hematoma, traumatic disc herniation, ligamentous injury and spinal cord compression. Other modalities can be used in patients in whom MR imaging is contraindicated. MDCT and MRI are complementary studies in spinal trauma.
The impact of upper-level flow regime change from spring to summer on QPF accuracy over the Midwest

Quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPF) are potentially the most significant challenge of weather forecasting, and have been historically difficult for numerical weather prediction (NWP) models to produce. Given the importance of QPF to weather forecasts, there is a need to improve its accuracy. Understanding and recognizing patterns prone to produce errors in model QPF can help predictions made by weather forecasters. The low level jet (LLJ) observed over the Great Plains is responsible for supporting warm-season convection by transporting heat and moisture into the Midwest. This study examines the two types of dominant mid and upper-level flow patterns during the warmseason months of May-September over the United States, and how the LLJ interacts with this flow. Near the onset of the North American Monsoon there is a flow regime change that causes the mid and upper-levels of the troposphere to transition from a more frequent trough pattern to an anticyclone over the Midwest. Each of the two different flow regimes exists with one of two different types of LLJs. The LLJ is divided into two types, A-type and Ctype. C-type LLJs are characterized by the coupling of the jet with an upper-level trough and are more likely to occur before the onset of the monsoon. A-type LLJs show no coupling with the upper atmosphere and are more likely to occur after the onset of the monsoon. With an anticyclone present, it is not possible for a C-type low-level jet to form over the Midwest, only an A-type is possible. Distinguishing the two types of events and examining them independently led to evidence that NWP models more accurately produce QPF in C-type cases than in A-type cases. Improper simulation of the LLJ, and precipitation dissipation are examined for potential reasons for the inferior accuracy of the A-type cases.
Effect of Saussurea lappa ( roots ) and Caesalpinia crista ( seeds ) , on Serum Protein Profile of Fasciola infected Buffaloes , in comparison with Triclabendazole

Serum protein profile study is useful to monitor changes in concentration and distribution of proteins (antigen/antibody). The present study was designed to analyze the biochemical effect of two medicinal plants i.e., Saussurea lappa and Caesalpinia crista on serum protein profiles of buffaloes, naturally infected with Fasciola, in comparison with Triclabendazole (an allopathic drug used against fasciolosis). Analysis of fractionized proteins before and after treatment revealed significant differences in the densities of serum proteins reflecting the changes at the transcriptional as well as translational level. In densitometric analysis, a total of nine peaks corresponding to nine different protein fractions i.e., 107, 98, 67, 56, 48, 43, 25, 19 and 15 kDa, were present before treatment in all infected samples. While in healthy control serum samples only eight peaks were found, which corresponded to peaks in infected sera except peak of 19kDa. After treatment densities of all fractions were almost to the level of healthy animal’s sera. The protein fraction (19kDa) was either completely disappeared or significantly diffused, thereby indicating its association with fasciolosis in buffaloes. The nature of all the protein fractions observed in present study is needed a detailed investigation to identify them as antigen or antibody associated with fasciolosis.
Magnetic imaging with a Zernike-type phase plate in a transmission electron microscope

We demonstrate the use of a hole-free phase plate (HFPP) for magnetic imaging in transmission electron microscopy by mapping the domain structure in PrDyFeB samples. The HFPP, a Zernike-like imaging method, allows for detecting magnetic signals in-focus to correlate the sample crystal structure and defects with the local magnetization topography, and to evidence stray fields protruding from the sample. Experimental and simulated results are shown and are compared with conventional Fresnel (out-of-focus) images without a phase plate. A key advantage of HFPP imaging is that the technique is free from the reference wave distortion from long-range fields affecting electron holography.
Correction to “Decadal analysis of hydrography and in situ nutrient budgets in the western and eastern North Atlantic subtropical gyre”

[1] In the paper ‘‘Decadal analysis of hydrography and in situ nutrient budgets in the western and eastern North Atlantic subtropical gyre’’ (Journal of Geophysical Research, 112, C07025, doi:10.1029/2006JC003788), a number of errors were introduced during processing. [2] Susanne Neuer’s sole affiliation is School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA. The corresponding authors are Andres Cianca (Andres. ciancaaguilar@asu.edu) and Susanne Neuer (Susanne. neuer@asu.edu). [3] The word ‘‘at’’ was left out of the following sentence in the abstract, corrected here: ‘‘However, significant differences in input mechanisms existed between both stations; eddy pumping constituted the main new nutrient source at BATS, whereas wintertime convection was the main nutrient supply mechanism at ESTOC. ’’ [4] In paragraph 5 in section 1, the final sentence should read as follows: ‘‘The authors hypothesized that this difference was due to a smaller new nutrient input into the mixed layer in the eastern NASTG, especially due to lower eddyinduced mixing inferred from eddy-resolving models [McGillicuddy et al., 2003; Oschlies, 2002b] and tracerbased observations [Jenkins, 1988; Lewis et al., 1986]. ’’ [5] In paragraph 29 in section 4.2, the final sentence should read as follows: ‘‘The direction of the isopycnal displacement in the upper ocean is the same as for a cyclonic eddy, causing upwelling of nutrients into the euphotic zone when they are forming or intensifying [Sweeney et al., 2003]. ’’ [6] In paragraph 53 in section 5, the first sentence should read as follows: ‘‘In addition, we would like to note the high nutrient concentrations during 1999 at ESTOC in the subsurface water at 300 m of up to 17 mmol kg . ’’ [7] In paragraph 54 in section 6, the first sentence should read as follows: ‘‘Using a 10-yr time series of in situ data and satellite altimetry, we compared the hydrography and quantified new nutrient budgets of the two oligotrophic time series stations BATS and ESTOC located at about the same latitude in the western and eastern subtropical North Atlantic gyre, respectively. ’’ JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 113, C03005, doi:10.1029/2008JC004762, 2008 Click Here for Full Article
DNA Structure: Alphabet Soup for the Cellular Soul

The story of DNA structure is as varied as it is interesting, the most famous tale being the “discovery” of B-DNA by Watson and Crick. For many biologists, this simple, but elegant structure is all that is needed for a basic, albeit superficial understanding of cellular genetics. A deeper appreciation for how DNA functions comes from the recognition that this is a highly malleable molecule, providing the cell with a plethora of conformations to exploit in replication and transcription. Some of these conformations can give rise to mistakes, while others help to repair those mistakes in the genetic code. In this chapter, we dive into the cellular pot and find a literal alphabet soup of DNA structures. We start our journey by presenting the fundamental principles that serve as the vocabulary to analyze and describe the features of nucleic acid structures. We will explore the conformational variations that lead from double-helices to complexes composed of three or four strands, then consider how conformations interconvert through various intermediates. Although B-DNA is the standard form in the cell, we suggest that this dance away from the norm is essential for cellular function, giving the cell life and, hence, its genetic soul. Replication is the process by which the cell creates an exact copy of the genetic information encoded in DNA—it is thus intuitive that we would be interested in the actual structure of DNA as a molecule. One would think that, for replication, we need only be concerned with the DNA duplex at the beginning, the single-stranded intermediate state, and the final duplex, since these structures generally tell us how the information is stored and read, and what the resulting product is. However, it is becoming clear that although the general structure of DNA is important in the overall mechanism of replication (Watson & Crick, 1953a), the conformational details are important for understanding how proteins recognize their cognate DNA sequence, and how mutations may be introduced and are repaired. Thus, we must explore and dissect the details in terms of variations that define the particular sequence dependent shape of DNA. We will not attempt the impossible task of covering every aspect of DNA structure, only those that may be relevant to replication. Also, as crystallographers, we will have a bias towards studies derived from X-ray diffraction and other physical methods, although we will always attempt to relate these back to the biology of replication. In the process, we will explore the details of DNA structure that help elucidate structural principles that contribute to our understanding of the mechanism and fidelity of the replicative process.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND BLOOD PRESSURE AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN MAIDUGURI, NIGERIA

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between BMI and BP (SBP and DBP) among university students in Maiduguri, Nigeria. A sample of convenience was used to recruit participants for this study. Data on gender, height, weight, BMI and BP we re obtained using a researcher developed data form. Blood pressure, height and weight of the participants were measured using standardised procedures. A total of 351 students participated in this study out of which 248 (70.7%) were males and 103 (29.3%) were females with mean height, weight and BMI of 1.70±0.07m, 67.01±12.78kg and 1.71±0.45kg/m 2 respectively. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 122.86±14.02mmHg and 82.17±9.69mmHg respectively. The study revealed a significant correlation between BMI and BP (SBP and DBP) among the participants (p<0.01). Significant correlation between BMI and BP (SBP and DBP) was recorded among male participants, while there was no significant correlation between BMI and BP (SBP and DBP) among female participants. In conclusion, the study found a significant relationship between BMI and BP among the participants. There is a need for Students to be enlightened on the adverse health effects associated with high BMI and high blood pressure.
The Political Economy of Corporate Control and Labor Rents

In a democracy, a political majority can influence both the corporate governance structure and the return to human and financial capital. We argue that when financial wealth is sufficiently concentrated, there is political support for high labor rents and a strong governance role for banks or large investors. The model is consistent with the “great reversal” phenomenon in the first half of the twentieth century. We offer evidence that in several financially developed countries a financially weakened middle class became concerned about labor income risk associated with free markets and supported a more corporatist financial system.
Physiological studies of Helminthosporium Pathovars Isolated from Infected Maize Plant in the Region of Karnataka

Karnataka is one of the potential maize producing regions in India. Therefore maize in this region has the potential to become diseased under certain conditions. Diseases of crops can affect plant physiological activities, yield and/ or quality of the harvested commodity which can impact profitability and increase the risks of farming. Disease management is one of the major problems faced by farmers, and this has become a big threat and made farmers to become risk adverse to invest in farming as a business. This study is about to determine suitable culture conditions such as different culture media, optimum temperature, pH, carbon source were optimized to culture Helminthosporium in laboratory conditions to do characterize the gene for pathogenicity. Among all the media the best media were found to be the MRBA and PDA. It was found to be the optimum temperature and pH were20&25 and pH of 5&6.Carbon source for the optimum growth was selected by growing in different carbon sources. It was revealed that best carbon source found to be starch for better growth of colonies. Along with these parameters, toxin study of the Pathogen was done. The crude phytotoxic was extracted from culture filtrate using methanol and chloroform.TLC revealed the presences of toxin in crude extract.
Laser-induced forward transfer direct-write of miniature sensor and microbattery systems

Direct-Write techniques have the potential to revolutionize the way miniature sensor devices and microbattery systems are designed and fabricated. The Naval Research Laboratory has developed an advanced laser-based forward transfer process for direct writing novel structures and devices comprising of metals, ceramics, polymers and composites under ambient conditions on both ceramic and plastic substrates. Using this forward transfer technique, we have demonstrated the ability to rapidly prototype various types of physical and chemical sensor devices, and microbatteries. The laser forward transfer process is computer controlled which allows the design of the devices to be easily modified and adapted to any specific application. Furthermore, the same process enables the fabrication of complete sensor or power-source systems by incorporating the passive electronic components required for sensor readout or power management. Examples are provided of various types of miniature sensors, and prototype alkaline and Li-ion microbatteries fabricated using this technique.
Professional Development of Elementary and Science Teachers in a Summer Science Camp: Changing Nature of Science Conceptions

Many countries all over the world have recently integrated nature of science (NOS) concepts into their science education standards. Providing professional support to teachers about NOS concepts is crucially important for successful implementation of the standards. For this purpose, a summer science camp was offered to elementary and science teachers. The main objective of this research study was to investigate the progress in specific NOS concepts made by the participant teachers. The responses of the teachers regarding the NOS concepts were obtained through VNOS-C questionnaire and scored using a rubric developed by McDonald (2008). The scored teacher responses were analyzed conducting MANOVA and Repeated Measures MANOVA statistical tests. It was observed that 'naive' or 'limited' views of NOS were predominant in the pretest results of the participant teachers. At the end of the summer science camp, some of the participant teachers' conceptions experienced a transition to more 'informed' views of NOS. The amount of the progress made by the teachers appeared to be free from their specific teaching disciplines.
Biology of Malaria Parasites

The organism itself was first seen by Lavern on November 6, 1880 at a military hospital in Constantine, Algeria, when he discovered a microgametocyte exflagellating. In 1885, similar organisms were discovered within the blood of birds in Russia. There was brief speculation that birds might be involved in the transmission of malaria; in 1894 Patrick Manson hypothesized that mosquito could transmit malaria. This hypothesis was independently confirmed by the Italian physician Giovanni Battista Grassi working in Italy and the British physician Ronald Ross working in India, both in 1898. [3] Ross demonstrated the existence of Plasmodium in the wall of the midgut and salivary glands of a Culex mosquito using bird species as the vertebrate host. For this discovery he won the Noble Prize in 1902. Grassi showed that human malaria could only be transmitted by Anopheles mosquito. It is worth noting, however, that for some species the vector may not be mosquito. [4]
Preference Utilisation and Tariff Reduction in EU Imports from Acp Countries

Despite the long relationship between the EU and the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP)countries aimed at encouraging their exports while stimulating growth and investment, the ACPstates still face difficulties in integrating into the world economy. This paper examines the non-leastdeveloped ACP countries preferential trade with the EU. The objective is to explain thedeterminants of preferential exports of ACP countries towards the EU and to assess the impact ofpreferences on trade volumes. We also investigate the existence of a threshold in the offered dutyreduction under which traders have no incentives to ask for preferences.
Hints for the existence of hexaquark states in the baryon-antibaryon sector

The discovery of some baryon-antibaryon resonances has led us to consider 3q 3q systems as possible candidates. We predict their spectrum in the framework of a constituent model, where the chromomagnetic interaction plays the main role. The relevant parameters are fixed by the present knowledge of tetraquarks. The emerging scenario complies well with experiment; besides the description of the baryon-antibaryon resonances, we find evidence for new tetraquark states, namely, the a{sub 0}(Y) in the hidden strangeness sector and the Y(4140) and X(4350) in the cscs sector. A detailed account of the spectra and the decay channels is provided for future comparisons with data.
Control and autonomy of synthetic actors

This paper discusses the problem of controlling synthetic actors. It presents the development of a general concept of autonomous actors reacting to their environment and taking decisions based on perception systems, memory and reasoning. With such an approach, it is possible to create simulations of situations such as actors moving in a complex environment they may know and recognize, or actors playing ball games based on their visual and touching perception. An animation system with autonomous actors is based on the three key components: the locomotor system, the perceptual system and the organism system.