Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inclusion compounds of hexakis(4-cyanophenyl)benzene : Open networks maintained by C-H···N interactions

Hexakis(4-cyanophenyl)benzene (1) was crystallized from various solvents, and the structures were determined by X-ray crystallography. In all cases studied, inclusion compounds were obtained, and crystallization yielded networks held together primarily by C−H···N interactions. However, the resulting structures were diverse and depended strongly on the solvent used for crystallization. In certain cases, remarkably large fractions of the volumes of the crystals (up to 58%) are accessible to guests. The diversity of the structures obtained underscores the limitations of using C−H···N interactions in crystal engineering.
Nutritional management of chronic kidney disease – a case report

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is typically a progressive syndrome in which kidneys lose their ability to filter blood, concentrate urine, excrete waste and maintain electrolyte balance. CKD is an important public health issue that consumes major global health care resources. The worldwide prevalence of renal dysfunction is estimated to be between 11% and 13% (Hill et al., 2016). Dietetic-nutritional therapy (DNT) is an important component of conservative treatment of patients suffering from CKD, aiming to maintain an optimal nutritional status, prevent and/or correct signs, symptoms and complications of CKD and to delay starting of dialysis. Modulation of protein intake, adequacy of caloric intake, and control of sodium and potassium levels as well as reduction of phosphorus intake is the essential points of DNT (Cupisti et al., 2018). In this paper, a case of patient with CKD, stadium 5 is presented, with an aim to emphasize the importance of setting nutritive diagnosis in these patients and establishing a plan for nutritive intervention. Criteria for nutritive monitoring and evaluation of the outcomes associated with each recommended nutritive intervention are also given.
In situ measurement of moisture in soil and similar substances by `fringe' capacitance

The determination of moisture content (volume fraction) of soil and similar materials by measurements of capacitance at v.h. f. is studied, including in situ measurements made by using the `fringe' capacitance of a suitably designed probe electrode system. Results on samples of made up and natural soils with moisture contents from 0 to about 45% are shown to be independent of soil type within the limits of uncertainty resulting from variability of moisture distribution in the substances tested. There is a linear relationship between moisture content and the `fringe' capacitance from 0 to about 10% moisture. From 5 to about 45% the moisture content is a linear function of the logarithm of the `fringe' capacitance. Estimates of the numerical constants of these relationships, obtained by statistical procedures, enable calibration curves to be derived for which the variances and standard errors are calculated. Over most of the range of practical interest the standard error is approximately equal to 0.5% moisture content (volume basis). The relationships between real relative permittivity and moisture content are also derived. Brief directions for using the method, including the treatment of results of replicate tests in the field, are given.
Objective and Subjective Socioeconomic Status as Sources of Status‐Legitimacy Effect and Legitimation of Income Inequality

System justification theory proposes that people are motivated to perceive the existing social system as fair, legitimate, and desirable. However, status-legitimacy effect, understood as the most disadvantaged living in the most unequal contexts experiencing this need most strongly, has only found mixed support in empirical works. This article presents a comprehensive test of the original reading of status-legitimacy hypothesis which implied that those with lower objective status are the most motivated to system justify and of the respecified version that posits subjective powerlessness to be the driver of undue system legitimization. Multilevel mixed-effects linear regression analysis of International Social Survey Programme modules on social inequality, covering almost 50,000 respondents from 28 countries, shows that the mean effects of both subjective and objective status are in line with predictions of economic rationality. To model contextual inequality, we distinguish between an objective measure, Gini, and perceived amounts of income differences as reported by respondents. The analysis testing contextual moderation lends support for the original reading of status-legitimacy hypothesis? the objectively, rather than subjectively, disadvantaged experience greater motivation to defend the system.
Cake Collapse in Pressure Filtration

Aqueous dispersions of latex particles have been aggregated by addition of Ca2+ ions and then filtered in a pressure filtration cell. The filtration cakes have been examined through small-angle neutron scattering, void volume fraction measurements, and permeate flux measurements. At all filtration pressures (20−400 kPa), the cakes were extensively collapsed (latex volume fractions φ = 0.27−0.46), and the remaining porosity had a tenuous structure (fractal dimensions df = 1.3−1). However, the local structures remained the same as in the aggregates of the original suspensions. The mechanisms that produce this collapse are made of very small relative motions of the particles, which leave the local coordination of the latex particles unchanged but allow large voids to be reduced. These motions could be inhibited by using particles with nonspherical shapes and by increasing the friction forces that act between particle surfaces, thereby reducing the extent of collapse and increasing the permeability of the cakes.
Thickness Control of Graphene Overlayer via Layer-by-Layer Growth on Graphene Templates by Chemical Vapor Deposition

We examined graphene growth on graphene templates prepared by the mechanical exfoliation of graphite crystals using a sloped-temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD) apparatus with ethanol. The structural characterization of the grown graphene layers in detail by atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy reveals that the film thickening of graphene overlayers proceeds by the layer-by-layer growth mode, and that film thickness increases linearly as a function of growth time. This result indicates that a graphene growth technique using the CVD apparatus is a potential approach to precisely controlling the number of graphene layers, which is one of the important subjects for fabricating practical devices with uniform electrical properties using graphene as the channel material, such as field effect transistors.
Linkages between anammox and denitrifying bacterial communities and nitrogen loss rates in high‐elevation rivers

Microorganism‐mediated nitrogen (N) cycling and dynamics are important functions of ecosystems, but such information is limited for high‐elevation rivers. This study analyzed the abundance and community structure of anammox and denitrifying bacteria and quantified N loss induced by these bacteria in five high‐elevation river sediments (including the Yellow River source region) on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau using high‐throughput sequencing and 15N‐labeling techniques. Anammox bacterial diversity was limited in these high‐elevation rivers, with Brocadia‐like species averagely accounting for 97.0% of anammox community composition. Several denitrifier nirS phylotypes were distributed across these high‐elevation rivers with high specificity, and the proportion of each of these phylotypes increased with elevation (p < 0.05). Stochastic processes such as dispersal limitation in denitrifying and anammox bacterial community assemblies were more important than environmental selection. Anammox and denitrification rates in the Yellow River source region were at the low end of their reported ranges in the literature on low‐elevation rivers. The high contribution of anammox to nitrogen loss (27% on average) in the Yellow River source region was likely assisted by DNRA (dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium) and nitrification through supplying ammonium and nitrite, respectively, as substrate for the anammox reaction. The contribution of anammox to N2 production was positively related to temperature (p < 0.05). Denitrification rates were more significantly affected by denitrifier community structure than environmental factors. This study suggests that anammox contribution to N loss should not be neglected in high‐elevation rivers, and community diversity should be considered when studying denitrification in high‐elevation rivers.
ASPECTOS RELACIONADOS À FISIOLOGIA DO ANESTRO PÓS-PARTO EM BOVINOS

Para chegar a uma pecuaria eficiente e lucrativa e preciso a cada dia melhorar os indices zootecnicos de producao, tornando a atividade cada vez mais sustentavel. O Brasil possui o maior rebanho bovino comercial do mundo, mas apresenta indices de eficiencia reprodutiva abaixo do potencial. A fertilidade pos-parto e negativamente influenciada pelo anestro, que pode ser um indicativo de condicoes inadequadas, como subnutricao ou condicoes patologicas. O anestro pos-parto e um estado de completa inatividade sexual que compreende o periodo do parto ate a manifestacao do primeiro cio fertil. Diversos fatores podem influenciar no periodo de anestro, entre eles interacao mae-cria, balanco energetico negativo, deficit de progesterona escore de condicao corporal e deficiencia de alguns metabolitos essenciais a reproducao. Esses mecanismos fisiologicos podem agir separadamente ou em conjunto de forma a atrasar ou impedir a ovulacao, prejudicando a eficiencia reprodutiva das femeas de cria do rebanho. Objetivou-se com esta revisao abordar os principais mecanismos fisiologicos relacionados diretamente com o anestro pos-parto em bovinos, e estrategias que visem minimizar esse periodo de retorno a atividade reprodutiva.
Recent development of nanomedicine for the treatment of bacterial biofilm infections

Bacterial biofilm related infections are ever growing issues for global medical community. Traditional antibiotic therapy is usually ineffective for treating them because the bacteria inside biofilms have evolved with multiple mechanisms to evade antibiotic challenge. Hence, effective therapeutic strategy with novel antibiofilm mode of action is highly desired. In this context, nanomedicine has drawn great attentions and has been proven promising to prevent and eliminate bacterial biofilms. In this review, we focus on the recent advance of nanotechnology‐based strategies and nanoagents for combating bacterial biofilm infections. First, typical antibiofilm nanotechnologies utilized different chemical, physical, and biological properties of nanomaterials are discussed. Second, smart nanoagents that can responsive to biofilm microenvironment, including pH, H2O2, and enzymes, are shown. Third, some promising antibiofilm approaches, such as theranostics, biofilm structure destruction, and quorum sensing inhibition, are also demonstrated. Finally, we conclude the current antibiofilm nanotechnologies and discuss the challenges and future directions in this field.
Molecular dynamics simulation of helium–argon gas mixture under various wall conditions

As computational capabilities increase, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations become important tools of simulating reality. These simulations are especially useful for compressible gas mixture problems. In this study, binary diffusion of helium and argon was examined using a hard-sphere MD simulation method. For the sake of computational speed, low spacing ratios were chosen. Binary mass diffusion of gases in two equally sized halves of a box was simulated for identical initial kinetic energies and number densities. It has been noted that a purely mass diffusion mechanism of different gases is not physically possible. The resultant gas mixtures of several diffusion simulations were used as initial conditions for combined heat transfer – Couette flow, and heating and cooling experiments. The results showed the interesting behaviour of the mixture, which was subjected to various wall conditions. Energy of heavier molecules is found to be more sensitive to the wall velocities and less sensitive to the wall temperatures than lighter molecules. Diffusion, heat transfer, viscosity and heat capacity coefficients are deduced as well.
Where the Meaning of Metaphor Comes From

Metaphor, as an important linguistic phenomenon, has been studied by many famous scholars since ancient Greece. Following recent developments in pertinent research, it can be found that philosophers have begun to use the analytical method of philosophy to study metaphors, starting from a foundation provided by the results of linguistic research already conducted on metaphor. By reviewing the research of metaphor and previous studies on the connotations and extensions of the definitions of metaphor, this paper utilizes the analytical method of philosophy to analyze the meanings of metaphor and the ways to produce them. In fact, we do not have to literally translate the metaphorical sentence to understand the true meaning of the sentence, as the meaning of the metaphor was transformed from our own internal conceptual cognition. In general, the meaning of metaphors is generated through the interaction between our physical bodies and the external world. However, in communication, we found that the meaning of metaphor was generated through the “intimacy” between the communication participants.
Τυφλός και εποικοδομητικός πατριωτισμός, συλλογικός ναρκισσισμός και επιθετικότητα ενάντια σε εξω-ομάδες

* Ευχαριστούμε τις δρακούτου Μαρία, Κούσια Άρτεμη, Πυριώτου Αναστασία, ροβάτσου Πετρούλα και Τσίλη Μαρία για τη συμβολή τους στη διεξαγωγή της έρευνας 1. διεύθυνση: Τμήμα Ψυχολογίας, Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο, λεωφ. συγγρού 136, Αθήνα 176 71. E-mail: hantzi@panteion.gr 2. διεύθυνση: Τμήμα Ψυχολογίας, Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο, λεωφ. συγγρού 136, Αθήνα. E-mail: katerina. tsantila@panteion.gr Τυφλός και εποικοδομητικός πατριωτισμός, συλλογικός ναρκισσισμός και επιθετικότητα ενάντια σε εξω-ομάδες*
A fast algorithm for finding K shortest paths using generalized spur path reuse technique

The problem of finding the K shortest paths (KSPs) between a pair of nodes in a road network is an important network optimization problem with broad applications. Yen's algorithm is a classical algorithm for exactly solving the KSP problem. However, it requires numerous shortest path searches, which can be computationally intensive for real large networks. This study proposes a fast algorithm by introducing a generalized spur path reuse technique. Using this technique, shortest paths calculated during the KSP finding process are stored. Accordingly, many shortest path searches can be avoided by reusing these stored paths. The results of computational experiments on several large‐scale road networks show that the introduced generalized spur path reuse technique can avoid more than 98% of shortest path searches in the KSP finding process. The proposed algorithm speeds up Yen's algorithm by up to 98.7 times in experimental networks.
The Changing Dynamics of Board Independence: A Copula Based Quantile Regression Approach

This paper examines the effect of board characteristics, especially board independence, on firm performance from a dynamic perspective through copula-based quantile regression approaches, which allow us to focus on changes at different points in the distribution of board characteristics. We find that the effect of board independence on Tobin’s Q, a proxy of firm value, is negatively associated with firm value, using ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. This negative effect using the conditional mean of the firm value does not hold across the conditional quantiles of the distribution of Tobin’s Q, and this finding is still held under both the linear and the nonlinear quantile regressions. We even lessen the assumption of distributions of multivariate board variables by employing parametric copula-based quantile regressions as well as nonparametric ones. The results support our findings. Our results suggest that estimating the quantile effect of board variables on firm value can provide more meaningful insight than just examining the conditional mean effect.
Business environment effect on business visitor arrivals to New Zealand

ABSTRACT This research investigates the impact that New Zealand's business environment has on its international business visitor arrivals. Within a gravity modelling framework, data for twenty-four main visitor origin countries are used for empirical analysis for the period 2004–2013. The core contribution of our research is that our empirical results provide strong evidence that the interaction of internet diffusion, commercial bank presence and shipping services with international trade are statistically significant variables. New Zealand's business infrastructure also correlates with foreign business visitors. We conclude that more open trade policies, combined with an improved business environment, provide the added benefits of attracting more international business visitors offering a subsequent, positive impact on the New Zealand tourism industry.
Understanding the role of socioeconomic and governance conditions in country-level marine aquaculture production

Marine aquaculture (i.e. seafood farming in the ocean) has the potential to substantially support growing demand for animal protein. Despite vast amounts of suitable ocean space across the world, marine aquaculture development has been slow and geographically heterogeneous, indicating that factors other than suitable farming conditions are influencing industry growth. Using multivariate techniques, this study explores to what extent certain socioeconomic, governance, and biophysical factors can explain country-level patterns of mariculture production. We find that socioeconomic conditions are a significant contributor to whether a country produces mariculture and the magnitude of its production; our models explain up to 33% more of the variation in mariculture production compared to models including only biophysical parameters. These results are relatively consistent across types of mariculture production (i.e. finfish, crustaceans, molluscs, and algae). Our findings suggest that improving seafood farming infrastructure, creating local demand for seafood, and facilitating knowledge transfer from land-based and freshwater aquaculture could help countries develop stronger mariculture industries.
Research of the Handwriting Recognition Methods

This paper examines the methods for handwriting recognition. In the first part, the basic concept of the text recognition system is considered and the features of the operation of these systems are described, it also talks about possible problems in recognition that arise when working with text. The second part examines the difficulties in recognizing handwritten characters associated with the peculiarities of a language, style and handwriting recognition. The third part contains an analysis of methods for preliminary processing of images to improve the quality of further segmentation and text recognition. The next section describes approaches to segmenting text in a document. The fifth section contains an analysis of some of the methods for classifying handwritten characters. This section talks about the principles of such methods as using templates, using outline models, and also attribute-based methods. The mathematical models and algorithms for each method are described. The conclusion summarizes the state of the handwriting recognition systems and provides a general algorithm for the system's operation in order of its further implementation based on the above analyses.
Molecular mechanism of electroacupuncture treatment on oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neurotoxicity in rats

Oxaliplatin (L-OHP) has been widely used in the treatment of various tumors, especially in colorectal cancer. The mechanism of peripheral neurotoxicity induced by L-OHP (OIPN) is unclear and current therapeutic options only serve to alleviate the symptoms rather than prevent OIPN. To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation on OIPN in rats, rats were randomly divided into the control group, OIPN model group, and OIPN + EA group. To establish OIPN rat models, a single intraperitoneal injection with 10 mg/kg L-OHP in the OIPN model rats. Rats in the control group received a single intraperitoneal injection with 0.9% lactose. From the third day after establishing OIPN models, the rats were treated with EA. Cold allodynia and heat sensitivity were assessed using the acetone drop and the Hargreaves method, respectively. Pathological changes in nerves were detected using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and transmission electron microscopy. Related mRNA and protein expression levels were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting from 14 days after establishing OIPN models. Our results showed that L-OHP significantly increased the sensitivity to cold allodynia and nervous injury, which were ameliorated after EA treatment. The expression of glucocorticoid receptor alpha (GR-α) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) was significantly decreased and that of Bax was significantly increased in sciatic nerve of OIPN model rats compared with control rats. However, EA treatment significantly inhibited L-OHP-induced protein expressions in rats. Moreover, compared with the control rats, the nucleus NF-κBp65 levels were significantly increased, while the cytoplasm NF-κBp65 levels were significantly decreased, which were reversed by EA treatment. In conclusion, EA treatment may reduce peripheral neurotoxicity induced by L-OHP through regulating related protein expression.
Temperature dependence of minority‐carrier mobility and recombination time in p‐type GaAs

The electron mobility in p‐type GaAs, μpe, has been determined as a function of temperature by measuring the common‐emitter cutoff frequency, fT, of an AlGaAs/GaAs n‐p‐n heterojunction bipolar transistor. The base was 0.6 μm thick and it was doped with 4×1018 cm−3 Be. The 300 K value of 1055 cm2/V s and 79 K value of 5000 cm2/V s for μpe are comparable to the previously measured values. The discrepancy with the calculated values is pointed out. The recombination lifetime is also measured as a function of temperature for minority carriers. The results agree reasonably well with the calculated radiative recominbation time.
Climate‐Smart Innovations and Rural Poverty in Ethiopia: Exploring Impacts and Pathways

Climate-smart innovations are receiving increasing attention in policy dialogues for their potential to transform agricultural systems and improve the well-being and resilience of farm households. Using a recent panel data from Ethiopia merged with novel historical weather data, we provide microeconomic evidence on the household welfare effects of Conservation Agriculture (CA), a climate-smart agricultural practice. We use a panel data endogenous switching regression model to deal with selection bias and farmer heterogeneity in CA choice. The study finds that the CA practices that play a pivotal role in addressing the exigencies of rural poverty are minimum tillage, cereal-legume intercropping, and their combination. These practices significantly reduce the incidence and depth of poverty in areas prone to rainfall stress, an indication of their risk mitigation role. In contrast, crop residue retention and its combined use with minimum tillage appear not to be economically attractive CA options. The results show that CA portfolios that include minimum tillage and cereallegume associations can accelerate efforts to reduce rural poverty and improve climate risk management. We caution against exaggerated expectations of CA’s economic benefits and a rigid recommendation of CA.