Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Practical Bayesian Optimization for Variable Cost Objectives

We propose a novel Bayesian Optimization approach for black-box functions with an environmental variable whose value determines the tradeoff between evaluation cost and the fidelity of the evaluations. Further, we use a novel approach to sampling support points, allowing faster construction of the acquisition function. This allows us to achieve optimization with lower overheads than previous approaches and is implemented for a more general class of problem. We show this approach to be effective on synthetic and real world benchmark problems.
The effect of hyaluronic Acid on the invasiveness of malignant glioma cells : comparison of invasion potential at hyaluronic Acid hydrogel and matrigel.

OBJECTIVE Hyaluronidase (HAse), a degrading enzyme of hyaluronic acid (HA), is highly expressed in patients with malignant glioma. The purpose of this study was to verify whether HAse is related to the invasion of glioma cells. We also investigated if glioma cells with higher mobility in 2-dimensioal (2-D) method have also higher mobility at 3-dimensional (3-D) environment. METHODS Malignant glioma cell lines (U87MG, U251MG, U343MG-A, and U373MG) were used, and their HAse expressions were evaluated by HA zymography. The migration ability was evaluated by simple scratch technique. The invasiveness of each cell lines was evaluated by Matrigel invasion assay and HA hydrogel invasion assay. In HA hydrogel invasion assay, colonies larger than 150 microm were regarded as positive ones and counted. Statistical analysis of migration ability and invasion properties of each cell lines was performed using t-test. RESULTS In scratch test to examine migration ability of each cell lines, U87MG cells were most motile than others, and U343MG-A least motile. The HAse was expressed in U251MG and U343MG-A cell lines. However, U87MG and U373MG cell lines did not express HAse activity. In Matrigel invasion assay, the cell lines expressing HAse (U251MG and U343MG-A) were more invasive in the presence of HA than HAse deficient cell lines (U87MG and U373MG). In HA hydrogel invasion assay, the HAse-expressing cell lines formed colonies more invasively than HAse-deficient ones. CONCLUSION Malignant Glioma cells expressing HAse were more invasive than HAse-deficient ones in 3-dimensional environment. Therefore, it might be suggested that invasion of malignant gliomas is suppressed by inhibition of HAse expression or HA secretion. Additionally, the ability of 2-D migration and 3-D invasion might not be always coincident to each other in malignant glioma cells.
Does Categorization Influence Price Behavior of Shares? A Study on Dhaka Stock Exchange

Appropriate information has an important implication for the investment analysis and management of portfolio. Various signaling devices are used to convey this information to potential investors. Categorization of shares is one of them. It aims at providing the investors' information with company performance in order that it helps the investors a lot in choosing companies before making decision. So it argues that the categorization influences price behavior of shares. This study actually concentrates on finding out whether categorization of securities has any impact on price behavior of shares. In assessing the impact, a non-parametric statistical test (Chi-square test) and ANOVA technique have been carried out on some selected securities traded in DSE. The study reveals that categorization does not influence the price behavior of shares. It is hoped that this study will draw attention for further study to improve the concept of 'Categorization' as a signaling device.
Localization of endothelin ETB receptors on the myenteric plexus of guinea‐pig ileum and the receptor‐mediated release of acetylcholine

1 The type of endothelin (ET) receptor located on the myenteric neurones of guinea‐pig ileum was determined by receptor autoradiography and function of the receptor was examined by release experiments of acetylcholine (ACh) from the longitudinal muscle myenteric plexus (LM‐MP) preparations. 2 Specific [125I]‐ET‐1 binding sites were distributed in muscle layers, myenteric and submucous plexuses, and mucosa layers. High‐grain densities were detected in both myenteric and submucous plexuses. 3 Binding in the myenteric plexus was abolished by incubation with either IRL 1620 (endothelin ETB receptor agonist) or BQ 788 (endothelin ETB receptor antagonist), but not with BQ 123 (endothelin ETA receptor antagonist). The [125I]‐IRL 1620 binding sites were evident in the myenteric plexus. Thus, the endothelin receptor located on the myenteric neurones is of the ETB type. 4 ET‐1 (10−10‐3 × 10−8 m) and ET‐3 (10−10‐3 × 10−8 m) evoked 3H outflow from LM‐MP preparations of ileum preloaded with [3H]‐choline, in a concentration‐dependent manner. There was no significant difference between maximum amounts of ET‐1‐evoked and ET‐3‐evoked 3H outflow. 5 ET‐1 and ET‐3 evoked outflow of 3H was BQ 788‐sensitive, but BQ 123‐insensitive. Both evoked outflows of 3H were Ca2+‐dependent and tetrodotoxin‐sensitive. 6 These results indicate that the endothelin ETB receptor is located on the enteric cholinergic neurones and that stimulation evokes the release of ACh.
Pan-Asian Trauma Outcomes Study (PATOS): Rationale and Methodology of an International and Multicenter Trauma Registry

Abstract Background: Trauma is a major health burden and a time-dependent critical emergency condition among developing and developed countries. In Asia, trauma has become a rapidly expanding epidemic and has spread out to many underdeveloped and developing countries through rapid urbanization and industrialization. Most casualties of severe trauma, which results in significant mortality and disability are assessed and transported by prehospital providers including physicians, professional providers, and volunteer providers. Trauma registries have been developed in mostly developed countries and measure care quality, process, and outcomes. In general, existing registries tend to focus on inhospital care rather than prehospital care. Methods: The Pan-Asia Trauma Outcomes Study (PATOS) was proposed in 2013 and initiated in November, 2015 in order to establish a collaborative standardized study to measure the capabilities, processes and outcomes of trauma care throughout Asia. The PATOS is an international, multicenter, and observational research network to collect trauma cases transported by emergency medical services (EMS) providers. Data are collected from the participating hospital emergency departments in various countries in Asia which receive trauma patients from EMS. Data variables collected include 1) injury epidemiologic factors, 2) EMS factors, 3) emergency department care factors, 4) hospital care factors, and 5) trauma system factors. The authors expect to achieve a sample size of 67,230 cases over the next 2 years of data collection to analyze the association between potential risks and outcomes of trauma. Conclusion: The PATOS network is expected to provide comparison of the trauma EMS systems and to benchmark best practice with participating communities.
Impact evaluation of research by the International Food Policy Research Institute on agricultural trade liberalization, developing countries, and WTO's Doha negotiations

"This report assesses the impact of IFPRI's work on the agriculture negotiations in the WTO's Doha Round. It is set against the context of IFPRI's mission which emphasizes food security and the interests of poor people in low-income countries and underlines the importance of active engagement in policy communications to link research work to policy action. The report also traces briefly the evolution of IFPRI's work on international agricultural trade more generally, noting its broad disposition to market-oriented policy prescriptions while illuminating the very different impacts of agricultural trade liberalization on individual developing countries through detailed research at the national and household level. " from Author's Abstract
Maternal insomnia and children's family socialization environments.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To examine concurrent associations between maternal insomnia and different aspects of the family socialization environment. DESIGN Mothers reported on their symptoms of insomnia in a private standardized interview and interviewers evaluated the family socialization environment using the Coder's Inventory. SETTING Assessments were conducted in participants' homes within the U.K. PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS One thousand one hundred sixteen mothers of British children enrolled in the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) study were invited to participate when their children were aged 12 years. INTERVENTIONS N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS After controlling for family socioeconomic status (SES), mothers' relationship status, and maternal depression, maternal insomnia was associated with a poorer family socialization environment (β = -0.10, [95% confidence intervals (CI) = -0.16, -0.04], P < 0.001). When family socialization environment subscales were examined, after controlling for family SES, mothers' relationship status, and maternal depression, maternal insomnia was associated with greater chaos (β = 0.09, [95% CI = 0.03, 0.15], P = 0.002), greater child neglect (β = 0.13, [95% CI = 0.07, 0.18], P < 0.001), less happiness (β = -0.13, [95% CI = -0.18, -0.07], P < 0.001), less child stimulation (β = -0.06, [95% CI = -0.11, 0.00], P = 0.043), but not poorer state of the home, such as orderliness (β = -0.04, [95% CI = -0.10, 0.02], P = 0.182). CONCLUSIONS Maternal insomnia is associated with the family socialization environment. This finding emphasizes the need to consider insomnia in the family context.
The effects of hypothalamic stimulation on gastric motility

MCCREA, MCSWINEY and STOPFORD [1925,1927] described the effects of vagal and splanchnic stimulation on the active ("fed") and inactive ("unfed") stomach, and were able to show that the results depended to some extent on the pressure within the stomach before stimulation was commenced. Vagal stimulation was followed in the fed and unfed stomach by an initiation of gastric contractions, preceded by a latent period varying according to the initial state of the organ. Beattie [1932a], during an investigation of a possible parasympathetic centre within the hypothalamus, observed that faradic stimulation of the tuber region in cats caused increased gastric peristalsis, together with a flow of watery secretion from the gastric mucosa. In further development of this work, it was decided to make use of the method of recording intragastric pressure adopted by McCrea, McSwiney and Stopford, and to compare the effects on gastric motility of stimulation of different regions of the hypothalamus. By such a procedure it was hoped to obtain graphic evidence which would prove of value in the further elucidation of the hypothalamic mechanisms.
Artificial Neural Networks are Zero-Order TSK Fuzzy Systems

In this paper, the functional equivalence between the action of a multilayered feed-forward artificial neural network (NN) and the performance of a system based on zero-order TSK fuzzy rules is proven. The resulting zero-order TSK fuzzy systems have the two following features: (A) the product t-norm is used to add IF-part fuzzy propositions of the obtained rules and (B) their inputs are the same as the initial neural networkNN ones. This fact makes us gain an understanding of the ANN-embedded knowledge. Besides, it allows us to simplify the architecture of a network through the reduction of fuzzy propositions in its equivalent zero-order TSK system. These advantages are the result of applying fuzzy system area properties on the neural networkNN area. They are illustrated with several examples.
Methicillin-resistant staphylococci

Eighteen strains of Staph. pyogenes (nine penicillin-sensitive and nine penicillin-destroying) were passaged 40 to 50 times on Celbenin1 ditch plates. All strains developed an increase in resistance to Celbenin and eight strains (four penicillin-sensitive and four penicillin-destroying) were able to grow in 100 μg/ml. or more Celbenin. Resistance was of the drug-tolerant type and none of the cultures inactivated Celbenin. There was an associated increase in tolerance to benzyl penicillin. The highly Celbenin-resistant cultures isolated from penicillin-destroying staphylococci were in sharp contrast to those from penicillin-sensitive strains, as well as to penicillin G-tolerant staphylococci isolated in vitro, because they retained the cultural characteristics, coagulase and haemolytic activity, and mouse virulence of the parent strains, and the degree of resistance remained stable after repeated passage in the absence of Celbenin. Three naturally occurring Celbenin-resistant strains of Staph. pyogenes isolated from infective processes were also studied. All three strains grew luxuriantly in concentrations of Celbenin up to 12·5 μg/ml. but very poorly in higher concentrations. The possible significance of these findings is discussed.
Choosing statistical tests: part 12 of a series on evaluation of scientific publications.

BACKGROUND The interpretation of scientific articles often requires an understanding of the methods of inferential statistics. This article informs the reader about frequently used statistical tests and their correct application. METHODS The most commonly used statistical tests were identified through a selective literature search on the methodology of medical research publications. These tests are discussed in this article, along with a selection of other standard methods of inferential statistics. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Readers who are acquainted not just with descriptive methods, but also with Pearson's chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and Student's t test will be able to interpret a large proportion of medical research articles. Criteria are presented for choosing the proper statistical test to be used out of the most frequently applied tests. An algorithm and a table are provided to facilitate the selection of the appropriate test.
Essay on the Persistence of Corporate Diversification Discount after Merger and Acquisition Transactions. Essay on the Capital Structure Properties of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs)

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A MODEL OF CONSTRUCTION OF A MINIMUM RISK PORTFOLIO BASED ON MARKOWITZ PORTFOLIO THEORY. APPLICATION ON BUCHAREST STOCK EXCHANGE

In this paper, the authors test a model of an efficient portfolio with minimum risk, starting from the analysis of one year portfolio payoff and risk of ten securities from Bucharest Stock Exchange. In accordance with the modern portfolio theory, maximization of returns at minimal risk should be the main objective of every investor. We show, using a mathematical methodology based on Markowitz portfolio theory and on Lagrange function, which is the exact amount of stocks to be purchased from a Bucharest Stock Exchange sample of securities in order to have an efficient portfolio with minimum risk at a given return.
Rho GEFs in endothelial junctions

Rho GTPases are cytoskeleton-regulating proteins that mediate the formation of intercellular junctions. Their localized activation by Rho GEFs (guanine-nucleotide exchange factors) and the selective activation of downstream effectors have emerged as areas of active research in the cell adhesion field. We reported recently that the Rho-specific GEFs Syx (Synectin-binding RhoA exchange factor) and TEM4 (Tumor Endothelial Marker 4) are both essential for endothelial junction maturation and barrier function. Syx is recruited to cell contacts via its C-terminal PDZ binding motif and it’s interaction with Mupp1 and the Crumbs polarity complex, while the junctional localization of TEM4 requires it’s N-terminal domain and interaction with the cadherin-catenin complex. Our findings support multiple roles for RhoA in junction formation and maintenance. They also suggest that selective coupling of RhoA activation to Dia1 and/or ROCK signaling is critical for determining endothelial junction integrity.
Location of Homologous DNA Sequences Interspersed at Five Regions in the Baculovirus AcMNPV Genome

An examination of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus DNA revealed the presence of five interspersed regions, rich in EcoRI restriction sites, which shared homologous sequences. These homologous regions (hr), designated hr1 to hr5, occur at or near the following EcoRI fragment junctions: hr1EcoRI-B—EcoRI-I (0.0 map units); hr2, EcoRI-A—EcoRI-J (19.8 map units); hr3, EcoRI-C—EcoRI-G (52.9 map units); hr4, EcoRI-Q—EcoRI-L (69.8 map units); and hr5, EcoRI-S—EcoRI-X (88.0 map units). Four of these regions were identified, by cross-blot hybridization of HindIII-restricted A. californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus DNA, to be within the HindIII-A/B, -F, -L, and -Q fragments. The location of these regions and the identification of a fifth homologous region were confirmed, and their characterization was facilitated, by using two plasmids with HindIII-L or -Q fragment insertions, which contained the homologous regions hr2 and hr5, respectively. The sizes of the homologous regions were about 800 base pairs for hr2, 500 base pairs for hr5, and less than 500 base pairs for hr1, hr3, and hr4. A set of small EcoRI fragments (EcoRI minifragments) which ranged in size from 225 to 73 base pairs were detected in A. californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus DNA and HindIII-L and -Q fragments by polyacrylamide gel analysis. Some of the minifragments in viral DNA were present in extramolar amounts and corresponded in size to some of the minifragments present in HindIII-L and -Q. Clones of some of the EcoRI minifragments were used as probes in hybridizations to digests of viral DNA and of HindIII-L and -Q. The hybridization data, obtained under various levels of stringency, suggested that there was a degree of mismatching between the sequences which were responsible for the homology.
In Memoriam: Professor G.N. Ramachandram (1922–2001)

Editor's note: Few scientists contribute an idea of such clarity and power that it appears in all the discipline's textbooks and bears the author's name. For the contribution to be relevant and universally employed almost forty years after it first appeared is even less common. Structural biology lost the author of such an idea with the death of G.N. Ramachandran, whose picture appears on the cover of this issue of Protein Science. His seminal contribution is described in remembrances of Professor Ramachandran's life and career by colleague and co‐author of the 1963 paper, C. Ramakrishnan. A perspective by George D. Rose follows, which articulates the enduring impact of that work.
Parkinsonian syndromes and differential diagnosis

Purpose of reviewPhysicians are becoming more astute at diagnosing the various parkinsonian syndromes but in clinical practice it is still often difficult to make the correct diagnosis. This review discusses new evidence that may aid physicians in correctly identifying parkinsonian syndromes. Recent findingsWe will review the newest developments in the areas of clinical features, electrophysiologic tests, autonomic tests, neuropsychologic tests, imaging, and biochemical markers which may be of value in differentiating these syndromes. SummaryAccurate diagnosis of the parkinsonian syndromes has important implications for patients, in terms of both prognosis and management. Investigations reported during the last year provide new insight into the distinguishing features of these syndromes and may help clinicians and researchers define these disorders more precisely.
Use Human Breast Cancer Cells to Examine Change of Estrogenicity in Drinking Water Treatment Process

Endocrine disruptors (EDCs) have caused great concerns for the safety of water environment and drinking water in recent years. This paper uses lab-cultured human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) to examine the changes of water estrogenicity during the drinking water treatment process and uses chemical analysis as supplementary information. The results showed that MCF-7 were extremely sensitive to the aqueous estrogenicity; cell proliferation by 17-&#61538; Estradio (E2) was observed at concentration as low as 10-14 mol/l. Overdose might cause poisoning of cell, which led to the cell decrease instead of proliferation. The source water of Songhua River showed significant estrogenicity, which was effectively controlled by regular drinking water treatment process. Coagulation-sedimentation was very effective in decreasing the water estrogenicity and almost eliminated the proliferation effect of the source water, the filtration step, on the other hand, increased the water estrogenicity by almost 10%; the final disinfection then reduced the estrogenicity to the normal level. The overall effect was that the finished water was safe in terms of estrogenicity though the source water was unsafe.
Chromate adsorption on amorphous iron oxyhydroxide in the presence of major groundwater ions.

Chromate adsorption on amorphous iron oxyhydroxide was investigated in dilute iron suspensions as a single solute and in solutions of increasing complexity containing CO2(g), SO4S (aq), H4SiO4(aq), and cations (K , MgS , CaS (aq)). In paired-solute systems (e.g., CrO4S -H2CO3*), anionic cosolutes markedly reduce CrO4S adsorption through a combination of competitive and electrostatic effects, but cations exert no appreciable influence. Additionally, H4SiO4 exhibits a strong time-dependent effect: CrO4S adsorption is greatly decreased with increasing H4SiO4 contact time. In multiple-ion mixtures, each anion added to the mixture decreases CrO4S adsorption further. Adsorption constants for the individual reactive solutes were used in the triple-layer model. The model calculations are in good agreement with the CrO4S adsorption data for paired- and multiple-solute systems. However, the model calculations underestimate CrO4S adsorption when surface site saturation is approached. Questions remain regarding the surface interactions of both CO2(aq) and H4SiO4. The results have major implications for the adsorption behavior of CrO4S and other oxyanions in subsurface waters.