Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multistatic ISAR autofocus with an image entropy-based technique

A key issue in radar research for many years has been the noncooperative identification (NCI) of moving targets. Such targets can be aircraft, ships, ground vehicles, satellites, or ballistic missiles. Nowadays, identification is mostly based on cooperative methods like the identification friend-foe (IFF) systems in the military sector or automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) for civil aircraft. However, a number of situations exist in which a cooperative identification is not possible. In conflict situations, hostile targets do not identify themselves. Knowledge of their type by NCI yields a tactical advantage. History has also shown a significant number of cases in which neutral or friendly targets have been destroyed due to their inability to identify themselves. Neutral targets usually do not share IFF codes of conflict parties, and friendly targets may turn off their IFF when performing covert operations. Operations between allied nations have also been a source of possible IFF failure. Furthermore, the desire for NCI is not limited to conflict situations. Unidentified aircraft or ships often are suspected to be terrorists. In all of the above situations, a decision on a possible response is extremely time critical, and possible consequences can be serious. For this reason, NCI remains an important research topic.
Disability and Poverty: the need for a more nuanced understanding of implications for development policy and practice

Abstract The international development community is beginning to recognise that people with disabilities constitute among the poorest and most vulnerable of all groups, and thus must be a core issue in development policies and programmes. Yet the relationship between disability and poverty remains ill-defined and under-researched, with few studies providing robust and verifiable data that examine the intricacies of this relationship. A second, linked issue is the need for—and current lack of—criteria to assess whether and how disability-specific and disability ‘mainstreamed’ or ‘inclusive’ programmes work in combating the exclusion, marginalisation and poverty of people with disabilities. This article reviews existing knowledge and theory regarding the disability–poverty nexus. Using both established theoretical constructs and field-based data, it attempts to identify what knowledge gaps exist and need to be addressed with future research.
Bloqueo palmar: A propósito de un caso

Uno de los grandes problemas para la poblacion anciana es el dolor derivado de los procesos degenerativos que afectan a sus articulaciones. Esta patologia es el paradigma del dolor que ha traspasado el valor del sintoma, para incluirse de lleno en el concepto de la enfermedad. Para la artrosis del anciano no existe tratamiento etiologico y aliviar el dolor es lo unico para mejorar su calidad de vida y evitar que surjan complicaciones de otros sistemas. La osteoartrosis es un proceso degenerativo que afecta a la sinovial de las articulaciones y que se caracteriza por la destruccion progresiva del cartilago articular y la remodelacion reactiva del hueso subcondral adyacente (1). El proceso degenerativo comienza a partir de un fallo en el balance entre formacion y catabolismo del cartilago articular (2). El tejido oseo subcondral se ve envuelto en los cambios y aumenta su actividad osteogenica formando hueso periarticular, apareciendo las deformidades osteoarticulares caracteristicas de la enfermedad evolucionada (3). El dolor artrosico de las manos puede condicionar mucho la autonomia del paciente, ya que afecta las maniobras finas que se utilizan para el autocuidado y las tareas rutinarias de la vida diaria. Este dolor puede proceder de la sinovial danada, del hueso adyacente deformado, de irritaciones producidas en los tejidos circundantes por los osteofitos, de las lesiones ligamentosas o capsulares o de distensiones tendinosas o musculares.
Unirhinal Norms for the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test

Adult normative data are presented for unirhinal administration of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). Two-hundred and seventy healthy adults, aged 15-64, were administered half of the UPSIT (20 items) to each nostril. The main findings were: (1) unirhinal and birhinal performance are not equivalent necessitating the use of unirhinal norms, rather than prorated birhinal norms, (2) unirhinal performance does not differ according to nostril of presentation, (3) unirhinal performance does not differ according to sex, (4) within the age ranges studied, age accounted for only a minor proportion of the variability, and (5) being a current smoker and having lower levels of formal education contributed to reduced unirhinal UPSIT scores. Correction factors are suggested for the education and smoking variables. Unirhinal evaluation may assist in further delineating the structural integrity of specific ipsilateral brain regions and potentially aid in differential diagnosis for a number of disorders.
On the convergence of adaptive power control algorithm for cellular systems

The proposed scheme utilizes local information and a predictive model to provide feedback control commands for power adjustments. A sufficient condition that ensures system stability is obtained. In addition, the bound of the received carrier-to-interference ratio (CIR) is derived in the presence of short-term fading. The bound of the received CIR is shown to be a function of the power control step size and the target CIR. Simulation results were obtained to verify the theoretical derivations.
Strategies for the application of biomarkers for risk assessment and efficacy in breast cancer chemoprevention trials

Current chemoprevention trial designs based on epidemiological risk assessment and occurrence of cancer as an endpoint are inefficient and expensive. Novel biomarkers are needed to facilitate the development of chemopreventive interventions. The following four categories of biomarkers may be useful in prevention trials: histologic and morphometric markers; phenotypic markers of dysregulated proliferation, differentiation, and cell loss; specific oncogenes and growth regulators which are qualitatively or quantitatively altered in breast cancers; and markers of genetic and epigenetic instability. Some of these markers will be generally useful regardless of the chemopreventive approach used, whereas others may be uniquely useful in trials of specific chemopreventive agents [e.g., upregulation of progesterone receptor (PR) expression in response to tamoxifen]. The development of these markers requires three phases of study: “Phase I”: assessing the prevalence of the putative marker in malignant and premalignant tissue from individuals who have developed breast cancer; “Phase II”: assessing in vivo modulation of the biomarker by the proposed chemopreventive agent; and “Phase III”: applying the proposed biomarker in larger‐scale trials of chemopreventive agent in high‐risk populations, either before or after the development of a primary breast malignancy. The use of these biomarkers may also allow identification of novel targets for chemoprevention.
Injection technique and scanning electron microscopic study of the arterial pattern of the 20 gestation days (G20) rat fetus

A technique to obtain microvascular corrosion casts of the G20 rat fetus and the normal pattern of the main arteries of the G20 rat fetus are described. The casts were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The arterial pattern is similar to that described in the adult; however, several variations have been found. It is concluded that the use of vascular corrosion casts studied by SEM may be particularly helpful to observe the extremely small arteries of rat fetuses. Moreover, we suggest that this technique may be useful in practical teratological studies.
Deposition of Particulate Matter of Different Size Fractions on Leaf Surfaces and in Waxes of Urban Forest Species

Particulate matter (PM) is an air contaminant in urban and industrial areas that often exceeds limit values, creating serious problems due to its harmful effects on health. Planting trees and shrubs as air filters is a way to improve air quality in these areas. However, further knowledge on species effectiveness in air purification is essential. This study compared four species of tree (Acer campestre L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Platanus × hispanica Mill. ex Muenchh. ‘Acerifolia’, Tilia cordata Mill.), three species of shrub (Forsythia × intermedia Zabel, Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim. , Spiraea japonica L. ), and one climber species (Hedera helix L.) that are commonly cultivated along streets in Poland to capture fine, coarse and larger particles from air. Separate gravimetric analyses were performed to quantify PM deposited on surfaces and trapped in waxes. Significant differences were found between the plant species tested. The distribution of different particle size fractions differed between and within species and also between leaf surfaces and in waxes.
The C5-sufficient A/J congenic mouse strain. Inflammatory response and resistance to Listeria monocytogenes.

A/J mouse strain poorly responds to an inflammatory stimulus and is highly susceptible to Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) infection. This defect in the phagocyte inflammatory response caused by the C5 component of C deficiency was shown, by linkage analysis, to be the major reason for the extreme susceptibility of A/J mice to Lm infection. The importance of this genetic defect in C5 in relation to the poor macrophage inflammatory response and to the susceptibility to Lm infection was evaluated by developing a C5-sufficient congenic A/J mouse strain. This A/J.C5 mouse strain was studied for its inflammatory response and for its susceptibility to Lm infection. C5-sufficient congenic A/J.C5 mice showed a slight improvement (2X) in their level of macrophage inflammatory response; however, they did not mount an as strong response as the Listeria-resistant C57BL/6J mice which donated the C5 allele. When infected with Lm, A/J.C5 mice were found to be as resistant as C57BL/6J mice. These results suggest that the presence of C5 on an A/J background partially improves the deficient macrophage inflammatory response of that strain. This increase is sufficient to render the A/J.C5 mouse strain highly resistant to Listeria infection. A/J.C5 mouse strain represents a new tool for the study of the importance of C5 in resistance to infection and in the regulation of the macrophage inflammatory response.
1 Complexity and Working Memory Resources : Task Characteristics Necessitating the Executive Control of Attention

The executive functions of human working memory have recently become a common target of investigation, mainly in neuroimaging and patient studies. Those studies have indicated that executive functions are (a) strongly related to the functions of the prefrontal structures, and (b) are required whenever the task reaches a certain level of complexity. However, numerous attempts to operationally define that level of task complexity have resulted in different, and sometimes contradictory hypotheses as to what specific task characteristics necessitate executive control over attentional resources. The experiment reported here attempts to address that issue from a behavioural perspective. A dual task was used and task characteristics which have previously been shown to be of importance in defining task complexity, were varied independently of each other. Several previous neuroimaging and patient studies were used to predict a specific pattern of interference between the two tasks, depending on whether the activation of overlapping brain regions should be expected. Two points are relevant in discussing the results. First, methodologically, they show that neuroimaging results can be successfully used to generate behavioural predictions. Second, conceptually, the results show that one of the previously proposed task complexity features the need to carry out multiple processing operations simultaneously is not sufficient by itself to necessitate executive processes. It is suggested that a task characteristic predictive of executive resources involvement, is the need for alternating between different processes (or schemas) during behaviour a mechanism which was originally proposed to underlie the executive control over attentional resources (Norman and Shallice, 1986).
PAL31, a novel nuclear protein, expressed in the developing brain.

We cloned a cDNA encoding a novel protein (PAL31) predominantly expressed in the fetal rat brain by differential display. PAL31 contains leucine-rich repeat domains, a highly acidic region and a putative nuclear localization signal. PAL31 has 50-70% similarity to SSP29, APRIL, LANP, PHAP I, and PP32. Expression of PAL31 mRNA in the brain was high during the fetal period and decreased after birth. Immunohistochemical studies showed that PAL31 is expressed in the entire embryonic brain, whereas in the adult brain its expression is restricted to the subventricular zone where there are neural progenitor cells. It was also revealed that PAL31 is colocalized with PCNA in the nucleus, indicating that the PAL31 expression is developmentally regulated. Considering the primary structure of PAL31 and its spatiotemporal expression pattern, PAL31 is a novel nuclear protein related to the development of the brain through the proliferation of neuronal cells.
Vulval lichen planus

Lichen planus of the vulva can occur as part of more widespread disease or in isolation. Its cause is unknown, but it can become chronic and has a potential for malignant change. It may present a difficult management problem and several treatments have been used with variable success. This review focuses on the problem of vulval lichen planus, and highlights some of the treatments and management strategies that have been used to date.
Transforming growth factor beta 1 improves wound healing and random flap survival in normal and irradiated rats.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of chronic irradiation on wound healing and random flap survival (FV), and the effect of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) in this setting using an animal model. DESIGN A randomized, controlled study with four groups of rats to study the effect of irradiation 4 months before surgical intervention. The effect of TGF-beta 1 on FV and wound healing also was evaluated in the irradiated and nonirradiated groups. SUBJECTS Ninety-five rats were available for evaluation. Group 1 (n = 10) was the control; group 2 (n = 28) received TGF-beta 1; group 3 (n = 28) received radiation therapy; and group 4 (n = 29) received radiation therapy and TGF-beta 1. INTERVENTION The irradiated groups received 15 Gy to their dorsal skin. Four months later all received McFarlane skin flaps. Groups 2 and 4 received topical TGF-beta 1, 4 micrograms, to the bed of the flap; groups 1 and 3 received saline. On postoperative day 7 all rats were evaluated for tensile strength and FV, and histologic staining with hematoxylin-eosin for collagen and TGF-beta 1 was done. The slides were evaluated in a "blinded" fashion. RESULTS Irradiation decreased tensile strength and FV, but not to a notable degree. Transforming growth factor beta 1 improved tensile strength in the irradiated (P = .04, Student's t test) and nonirradiated groups (P = .05, Student's t test). Transforming growth factor beta 1 also improved FV in all groups, but significantly in the irradiation plus TGF-beta 1 group (P = .001, Student's t test). The TGF-beta 1 group had the most mature collagen present at the wound edge. No qualitative difference was seen in the immunohistochemical staining for the four groups. CONCLUSIONS Transforming growth factor beta 1 improves wound healing and random FV in radiated and nonirradiated rat skin. Further study is needed to determine the radiation dose necessary to create an "impaired wound-healing model" in rats, and the optimum dose of TGF-beta 1 in this setting.
MCP‐1 is selectively expressed in the late phase by cytokine‐stimulated human neutrophils: TNF‐α plays a role in maximal MCP‐1 mRNA expression

Culture supernatants of phytohemagglutinin (PHA)‐stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PHA‐sup) induced monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) mRNA expression in human neutrophils. MCP‐1 mRNA was first detected by Northern analysis at 8 h, and the peak level was detected at 16 h and sustained until 72 h. Cycloheximide and genistein, but not pertussis toxin, inhibited the expression of MCP‐1 mRNA. Recombinant tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) induced a low level MCP‐1 mRNA accumulation in neutrophils, and addition of anti‐TNF‐α IgG blocked 30–70% of MCP‐1 mRNA expression induced with PHA‐sup. PHA‐sup‐stimulated PMN synthesized and secreted 3.1 ± 1.3 ng/5 × 106 PMN MCP‐1 within the first 24 h. Hybridization of 32P‐labeled cDNA preparations to an array of human cytokine cDNAs further indicated that MCP‐1 mRNA was selectively up‐regulated in the late phase after stimulation with the PHA‐sup. J. Leukoc. Biol. 65: 671–679; 1999.
Detection of mage‐4 protein in lung cancers

Expression of genes of the MAGE family, which encode tumor‐rejection antigens recognized on HLA‐AI and ‐Cw1601 by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), was investigated in lung cancers at the mRNA [MAGE‐1, ‐2, ‐3/‐6, and ‐4 (4a and/or 4b)] and protein (MAGE‐4) levels. MAGE‐1, ‐2, ‐3/‐6 and ‐4 genes were expressed, respectively, at the mRNA level in 6, 7, 20 and 7 of 53 lung cancers (50 non‐small‐cell lung cancers and 3 small‐cell lung cancers) by the reverse transcription‐polymer‐ase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) method. Polyclonal antibody (Ab) and monoclonal antibody (MAb) against recombinant MAGE‐4b protein were developed to detect MAGE‐4 protein. Both the polyclonal Ab and the R5 MAb recognized a 45‐kDa protein in extracts of MAGE‐4 mRNA‐positive lung cancers, and showed no apparent cross‐reactivity with the other MAGE gene products except with MAGE‐4a by immunoblot analyses and transfec‐tion experiments. MAGE‐4 protein was detected on 13 of 44 (30%) lung cancers (18 to 55,989 pg/mg) by ELISA with the polyclonal Ab and R5 MAb. These 13 lung cancers consisted of 6 of 6 MAGE‐4 mRNA‐detectable and 7 of 38 MAGE‐4 MRNA‐undetectable lung cancers. Histologically, these comprised 7 of 10 squamous‐cell carcinomas, 4 of 30 adenocarcinomas and 2 of 3 small‐cell lung cancers. The proportions of MAGE gene‐positive samples, at both the mRNA and protein levels, correlated with the size of the primary tumors and with regional node involvement. These results should provide important information on specific immunotherapy of lung cancers using MAGE gene products. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The hidden observer in hypnotic analgesia: discovery or experimental creation?

Eight highly susceptible subjects were assigned to Hilgard's training procedures for eliciting "hidden" reports during hypnotic analgesia. These procedures indicate to subjects that a "hidden part" of themselves continues to feel high levels of pain while their "hypnotized part" experiences reduced pain. A second group of 8 subjects was given the opposite expectation concerning "hidden-pain"--that their "hidden part" would feel less pain than their "hypnotized part. " Results were unambiguous. Subjects expecting high levels of "hidden" pain reported high levels whereas those expecting little "hidden" pain reported low levels. These results are inconsistent with the notion that "hidden" reports reflect the intrinsic activity of a "dissociated state. " Instead, they indicate that "hidden" reports result from subjects' attempts to convincingly enact the role of "good hypnotic subject" as this role is defined for them by the experimental procedures they undergo.
Enterprise Architecture in University analyzing of implementation using business process management

A successful organization does not escape from a strategy and planning. In the last two decades, enterprise architecture (EA) has become a common approach for the management of information systems in organizations. Enterprise Architecture (EA) is considered a means for acquiring a multitude of benefits in organizations by most academic literature and practitioners alike. However, the educational sector development of the field has not paralleled this turn of events. There is considerable divergence among researchers as to the very definition of EA. The present research seeks to clarify the concepts of EA, drawing relevant examples from the academic literature and addressing different perspectives in EA research community. So that the implementation of Enterprise Architecture in educational sector can be seen and analyzed.
Approximal Fluoride Concentration Using Different Fluoridated Products Alone or in Combination

The aim of the present investigation was to measure the approximal fluoride (F) concentration after using different F-containing products, either alone or in combination. Ten subjects participated on a total of 17 occasions, which were randomized, distributed and divided into two trials (called trial I and trial II). The F concentration was studied after treatment with toothpicks, dental flosses, an interdental brush dipped in 0.2 or 0.32% F gels, brushing with toothpaste containing 0.32% F and a mouthrinse with 0.2% NaF solution. The results of trial I revealed that the rinsing solution resulted in the highest approximal F values, followed by toothpicks and brushing. When brushing was combined with either flossing or toothpick, the sequence order of the two methods had less influence. However, when combined with rinsing it appeared to be better to use the floss or the toothpicks first, prior to the mouthrinse. In trial II, treatment with the gels alone, and in combination with brushing, resulted in higher approximal F concentrations compared with brushing alone. The data indicate that the order of usage when combining products may be of importance when it comes to obtaining high F levels at the approximal sites and that an interdental brush with F gel after toothbrushing may be a suitable method, called ‘Inter Dental Brush Gel Method’, to produce elevated F concentrations at approximal sites.
High-throughput analysis of drug binding interactions for the human cardiac channel , Kv 1

The voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.5 is one of the key regulators of membrane potential repolarization in human atrial myocytes and is considered a potential drug target to treat atrial fibrillation. In this study we sought to determine molecular mechanism of action of DPO-1, a diphenylphosphine oxide derivative recently shown to terminate experimental atrial arrhythmia without affecting ventricular refractory period. In addition, we provided similar analysis for additional two small molecule blockers, representing different structural classes: cyclohexanones (PAC) and nor-triterpenoids (correolide). To rapidly identify the residues within the Kv1.5 channel critical for blocking activity of these molecules, two functional high-throughput ion channel assays were employed together with site-directed mutagenesis. Our study revealed that the residues critical for blocking activity of for DPO-1 include T480, localized at the outer mouth of the pore, and two residues along S6 helix: V505 and I508. The overlapping site was identified for PAC and included residues T480 and V505. In contrast to DPO-1, the I508A mutation resulted in only a modest reduction in the block of Kv1.5 by PAC (9-fold). Correolide, the largest molecule examined, made widespread interactions along the entire length of the pore (from T480 to V516). In summary, we have identified multiple residues involved in forming high affinity binding site for Kv1.5 blockers. Similar approaches of high-throughput ion channel technologies, combined with site-directed mutagenesis, may allow for parallel, rapid and accurate analysis of ion channel interactions with multiple compounds and could facilitate the design of more potent and selective ion channel blockers. # 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. avai lab le at www.sc iencedi rec t . com journal homepage: www.e lsev ier . com/ locate /b iochempharm