Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Forming Tool Use Representations: A Neurophysiological Investigation into Tool Exposure

Prior work has identified a common left parietofrontal network for storage of tool-related information for various tasks. How these representations become established within this network on the basis of different modes of exposure is unclear. Here, healthy subjects engaged in physical practice (direct exposure) with familiar and unfamiliar tools. A separate group of subjects engaged in video-based observation (indirect exposure) of the same tools to understand how these learning strategies create representations. To assess neural mechanisms engaged for pantomime after different modes of exposure, a pantomime task was performed for both tools while recording neural activation with high-density EEG. Motor planning–related neural activation was evaluated using beta band (13–22 Hz) event-related desynchronization. Hemispheric dominance was assessed, and activation maps were generated to understand topography of activations. Comparison of conditions (effects of tool familiarity and tool exposure) was performed with standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography. Novel tool pantomime following direct exposure resulted in greater activations of bilateral parietofrontal regions. Activations following indirect training varied by tool familiarity; pantomime of the familiar tool showed greater activations in left parietofrontal areas, whereas the novel tool showed greater activations at right temporoparieto-occipital areas. These findings have relevance to the mechanisms for understanding motor-related behaviors involved in new tools that we have little or no experience with and can extend into advancing theories of tool use motor learning.
Observation of sound focusing and defocusing due to propagating nonlinear internal waves.

Fluctuations of the low frequency sound field in the presence of an internal solitary wave packet during the Shallow Water '06 experiment are analyzed. Acoustic, environmental, and on-board ship radar image data were collected simultaneously before, during, and after a strong internal solitary wave packet passed through the acoustic track. Preliminary analysis of the acoustic wave temporal intensity fluctuations agrees with previously observed phenomena and the existing theory of the horizontal refraction mechanism, which causes focusing and defocusing when the acoustic track is nearly parallel to the front of the internal waves [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , 122(2), pp. 747-760 (2007)].
Virus-like particle formation in Drosophila melanogaster germ cells suggests a complex translational regulation of the retrotransposon cycle and new mechanisms inhibiting transposition

Transposition of 1731, a Drosophila melanogaster LTR retrotransposon, was investigated in reproductive organs by RNA, protein and VLP distribution during its life cycle. We detected 1731 transcription in oogonia but not in spermatogonia; in all cells during oogenesis but only in primary spermatocytes; and in ovarian cytoplasm but both in nuclei and cytoplasm of primary spermatocytes. By confocal scanning, we showed that whereas Gag protein appeared in all cytoplasms during oogenesis, in testes Gag detection began in late premeiotic primary spermatocytes and increased in elongating spermatids suggesting distinct mechanisms of 1731 transcription and translation regulation. By electron microscopy, we did not detect 1731 VLPs in ovaries, suggesting a complex post-translational control blocking VLP assembly and transposition. Interestingly, in testes we discovered VLP aggregates in cystic cytoplasm of maturing partially individualized spermatids. In testes, we observed two delays in 1731 product expressions, suggesting a complex temporal control mechanism. Transcriptional/translational delay may be determined by accumulation of 1731 RNAs in primary spermatocyte nuclei. Translational/VLP assembly delay may be determined by post-transductional mechanisms controlling +1 frameshift and Pol-protein degradation. Our results indicated two differential mechanisms inhibiting 1731 transposition in Drosophila melanogaster ovaries and testes. In addition, we proposed a new mechanism for transposition control at the cell cycle level.
Effect of dietary digestible lysine concentration on performance, egg quality, and blood metabolites in laying hens

Abstract An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary digestible lysine concentration on productive performance, egg quality, and blood metabolites in laying hens. A completely randomized block design was performed with 5 treatments and 6 replicates of 8 Hy-line W-36 hens each, from 32 to 44 wk of age. The treatments were 5 digestible lysine concentrations (0.657, 0.707, 0.757, 0.807, and 0.857% of diet). Feed intake was significantly increased with each increment in dietary digestible lysine concentration. Significant improvement in egg production, egg weight, egg mass, Haugh unit, and FCR were observed by an increase in lysine intake. Dietary lysine concentration did not have a significant impact on percentage of egg components, specific gravity, eggshell thickness, DM, and protein constituents of eggs. Dietary digestible lysine concentration did not have a significant effect on triglyceride, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), uric acid, and total protein in plasma. The digestible lysine requirements for optimal egg production, egg mass, and egg weight (32 to 44 wk of age), based on the linear broken-line regression analysis, were 814, 810 and 778 (mg/b/d), respectively. Whereas, these values were 4, 3.9, and 6 percent less than those estimated by the quadratic broken-line model, respectively.
Correlates of Elevated Interleukin-6 and C-Reactive Protein in Persons With or at High Risk for HCV and HIV Infections

Background:HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections may increase interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP). However, relationships between inflammatory biomarkers, chronic viral infections, clinical factors, and behavioral factors remain poorly understood. Methods:Using linear regression, we modeled cross-sectional associations between loge IL-6 or loge CRP levels and HCV, HIV, injection drug use, and comorbidity among 1191 injection drug users. Results:Mean age was 47 years, 46.0% reported currently injecting drugs, 59.0% were HCV monoinfected, and 27% were HCV/HIV coinfected. In multivariable models, higher loge IL-6 was associated with HCV monoinfection [&bgr; = 0.191, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.043 to 0.339] and HCV/HIV coinfection (&bgr; = 0.394, 95% CI: 0.214 to 0.574). In contrast, HCV monoinfection (&bgr; = −0.523, 95% CI: −0.275 to −0.789) and HCV/HIV coinfection (&bgr; = −0.554 95% CI: −0.260 to −0.847) were associated with lower CRP. Lower CRP with HCV infection was independent of liver fibrosis severity, synthetic function, or liver injury markers; CRP decreased with higher HCV RNA. Increased injection intensity was associated with higher IL-6 (P = 0.003) and CRP (P < 0.001); increasing comorbidity (P < 0.001) and older age (P = 0.028) were associated with higher IL-6; older age was associated with higher CRP among HCV-uninfected participants (P = 0.021). Conclusion:HIV and HCV infections contribute to chronic inflammation; however, reduced CRP possibly occurs through HCV-mediated mechanisms. Findings highlight potentially modifiable contributors to inflammation.
CdTe/CdS core-shell nanowire structures on glass substrates for photovoltaic applications — Growth and characterization

We report the successful growth of CdTe/CdS core-shell structures on a glass substrate using a metamorphic growth approach. The CdTe wires were grown by close space sublimation using the vapor-liquid-solid technique. The CdS shell was grown by chemical bath deposition. Detailed characterization has been undertaken using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and low-temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy. This has confirmed the successful growth of these structures. The luminescence properties of core-shell structures show features more commonly observed in single crystals rather than polycrystalline material. These structures show considerable promise for photovoltaic device applications.
More bang for your buck? A cross-cost simulator evaluation study

Les simulateurs de conduite sont souvent classes selon leur cout d'investissement. En regle generale, plus l'investissement dans l'installation est important, plus grande sera sa capacite a extraire des donnees realistes de conduite pendant des enquetes experimentales dans des domaines comme l'attention du conducteur. Cependant il y a eu peu de recherche sur quelle peut etre la loi cout/gains presidant a l'investissement d'un simulateur. Le principal objectif du projet europeen HASTE est d'enqueter sur les effets sur la performance de conduite de la difficulte des tâches primaires (conduire) et secondaires (actions dans le vehicule). La qualite des simulateurs de conduite utilises dans l'etude allait de systemes de couts eleves (VTI, TNO) a un site a faible cout (Universite de Minho) en passant par des installations a cout moyen (Universite de Leeds, Transport Canada, Volvo). Un effet secondaire interessant du protocole experimental utilise pour HASTE a permis d'etudier si la complexite technique d'un simulateur influence l'evaluation globale de l'attention du conducteur. Les effets sur la performance de conduite d'une tâche additionnelle visuelle et cognitive a l'interieur du vehicule ont ete compares entre un simulateur de conduite a cout faible (Universite de Porto) et cout moyen (Universite de Leeds). Bien qu'il y ait des differences claires en termes de performance de conduite absolue, les conducteurs ont adopte des schemas de conduite reconnus et identiques dans les deux installations, comme ralentir dans les virages d'une route virtuelle. De plus, l'introduction des deux tâches secondaires ont montre des effets similaires sur quelques mesures de la performance de conduite en longitudinal. Cependant, les resultats concernant les variations de vitesse, la charge mentale et le controle lateral n'etaient pas coherents sur les deux types de simulateurs. D'apres la litterature existante et des modeles de capacite standard de la performance humaine, il apparait que le simulateur a cout moyen est plus sensible aux changements subtils dans la performance de conduite, particulierement ceux lies a la performance laterale et la charge de travail.
A proposed relationship between increased intra-abdominal, intrathoracic, and intracranial pressure.

OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of acutely increased intra-abdominal pressure on pleural pressure, intracranial pressure, and cerebral perfusion pressure, and to clarify the relationship between these parameters. DESIGN Nonrandomized, controlled study. SETTING Laboratory at a university medical center. SUBJECTS Yorkshire swine, weighing 15 to 20 kg. INTERVENTIONS Anesthetized, ventilated swine had a balloon inserted into the peritoneal cavity and catheters placed for measurement of intracranial pressure, pleural pressure, central venous pressure, pulmonary artery occlusion pressure, and mean arterial pressure. Following baseline measurements, intra-abdominal pressure was increased by incrementally inflating the intraperitoneal balloon. All parameters were remeasured 30 mins after each increase in intra-abdominal pressure. Two groups were studied: a) group 1 (n = 9) animals had intra-abdominal pressure increased to 25 mm Hg above baseline, then released; b) group 2 (n = 3) animals underwent sternotomy and pleuropericardotomy to prevent an increase in pleural pressure with increasing intra-abdominal pressure. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Increase of intra-abdominal pressure to 25 mm Hg above baseline caused significant (p < .05) increases in intracranial pressure (7.3 +/- 0.6 [SEM] to 16.4 +/- 1.9 mm Hg), pleural pressure (4.3 +/- 1.3 to 11.8 +/- 1.9 mm Hg), pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (9.0 +/- 0.6 to 14.3 +/- 0.8 mm Hg), and central venous pressure (6.6 +/- 0.7 to 10.7 +/- 0.9 mm Hg). The cardiac index (3.4 +/- 0.3 to 1.6 +/- 0.1 L/min/m2) and cerebral perfusion pressure (75.6 +/- 3.6 to 62.0 +/- 6.8 mm Hg) deceased significantly (p < .05), whereas mean arterial pressure (82.8 +/- 3.2 to 78.4 +/- 6.6 mm Hg) remained essentially constant. Sternotomy and pleuro-pericardotomy negated all effects of increased intra-abdominal pressure except the decreased cardiac index (1.6 +/- 0.1 to 2.5 +/- 0.2 L/min/m2). CONCLUSIONS Acutely increased intra-abdominal pressure causes a significant increase in intracranial pressure and a decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure. Increased intra-abdominal pressure appears to produce this effect by augmenting pleural and other intrathoracic pressures and causing a functional obstruction to cerebral venous outflow via the jugular venous system. It is possible that the same phenomenon may be why persons with chronically increased intra-abdominal pressure, such as the morbidly obese, suffer from a high frequency rate of idiopathic intracranial hypertension.
Programmable Pseudorandom Test Pattern Generator For BIST Implementation

This paper describes a low-power (LP) programmable generator producing pseudorandom test patterns with desired toggling levels and enhanced fault coverage gradient compared with the best-to-date built-in-self-test(BIST)-based pseudorandom test pattern generators. It is comprised of a linear finite state machine driving an appropriate phase shifter, and it comes with a number of features allowing this device to produce binary sequences with preselected toggling (PRESTO) activity. We introduce a method to automatically select several controls of the generator offering easy and precise tuning. State of the development in the semiconductor manufacturing process, integrated chip design methodology, availability of thousand plus pin integrated circuit packaging options and efficient IC test techniques have contributed immensely towards the integration of entire system on a chip. The System-On-Chip (SOC) devices can have multiple microprocessors, various types of memories such as SRAM, Flash, Digital Signal Processors, many IP blocks and user defined logics. Numerous SOC test techniques have been innovated in the last decade to test complex mixed signal systems on a chip in a cost effective manner. Test industry has made complete strides in developing new automated test equipment which can analog components, test logic, memory of the chip through external interface to the IC. Here with the experimental results with presence of switching activity in PRESTO, Fully operational PRESTO power comparison is performed with LP Decompressor.
Configurational validity: a proposal for analyzing ethnographic multimedia narratives

Multimedia ethnographic researchers along with those persons they study have an opportunity to become a virtual culture of inquiry when using emerging computational tools for data analysis. As partners, this community can build narratives which convey messages to and with their readers. As readers contribute their own interpretations, the original story changes. Layers build; stories change; patterns emerge; and inquiry becomes a reflexive practice. The question to be asked in this emerging world of telecommunications collaborative inquiry is: What is the story and whose story is it? This article will present a theory of validity for building more robust analyses of multimedia stories that can be built by distributed communities of inquiry. I propose that stories of multiple “authors” can be layered in clusters, or “constellations,” in such a way that larger, more robust theories emerge. I term this approach a platform for multiloguing. To explain the theoretical basis of this approach and a software application that has been designed to support this approach, I first explain the need for a theory of configurational validity. Then, I describe a tool called Constellations TM that has been designed to address how robust configurations could be used to build more valid accounts.
Feasibility study of implementing electronic commerce in petrochemical industries with a case study

Fast and increasing growth of electronic commerce (e-commerce) in developed countries and its resulting competitive advantages mean that those countries should revise dramatically their trade and commercial strategies and policies. Regarding the importance of petrochemical industry in Iran, the current paper studies the feasibility of implementing the e-commerce system in Isfahan's petrochemical unit. The statistical population of the study includes 29 senior managers and experts of the petrochemical industries. In the present research, senior managers and experts' opinions on feasibility have been examined and some feedbacks have resulted in from the opinions. The current research concludes that the organisation under study does not have favourable state either in software or in hardware. Implementation of the e-commerce system in petrochemical industries would reduce the average value of the transaction costs.
A high step-up DC-DC converter using transformer with intrinsic voltage-doubler

This paper proposes high step-up DC-DC converter using transformer with intrinsic voltage-doubler. The proposed converter has following advantages: 1) raised voltage gain by not only duty ratio but also increasing transformer turn ratio; 2) lower voltage stress of the switches; and 3) less number of elements compared to conventional high step-up converters. The circuit configuration, operation, and theoretical analysis of the proposed converter are described. The circuit operation has been confirmed by reduced scale circuit experiment.
Serotonin and melatonin secretion and metabolism in patients with liver cirrhosis.

INTRODUCTION Hepatic encephalopathy is one of the symptoms of liver failure. The exact causes of encephalopathy are complex and still unclear. Apart from elevated blood ammonia levels, the role of numerous other factors is being considered. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to determine the serum level of serotonin and melatonin and the urinary excretion of their metabolites (5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid [5-HIAA] and 6-sulfatoxymelatonin [6-HMS]) in patients with various stages of liver cirrhosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study comprised 75 patients with alcohol-induced liver cirrhosis and 25 healthy subjects (control group). Based on the Child-Pugh classification, 3 groups of 25 patients each were distinguished - group A, B, and C with grade A, B, and C of liver failure, respectively. Blood samples were drawn at fasting at 9 a.m., and 24-hour urine collection was performed. Immunoenzymatic assays were used to determine serum melatonin and serotonin levels as well as urine 5-HIAA and 6-HMS concentrations. RESULTS Serum serotonin levels were 159.8 ± 23.1 ng/ml in controls, 179.3 ± 21.1 ng/ml in group A (P >0.05), 143.2 ± 22.8 ng/ml in group B (P >0.05), and 114.5 ± 37.6 ng/ml in group C (P <0.01). Serum melatonin levels were 10.6 ± 1.7 in controls, 31.2 ± 9.8 pg/ml in group A (P <0.01), 49.8 ± 12.2 pg/ml in group B (P <0.001), and 94.8 ± 22.6 pg/ml in group C (P <0.001). Urinary 5-HIAA excretion was 5.9 ± 2.1 mg/24 h in controls, 5.9 ± 1.9 mg/24 h in group A (P >0.05), 4.8 ± 1.2 mg/24 h in group B (P >0.05), and 4.6 ± 1.4 mg/24 h in group C (P <0.05). Urinary 6-HMS excretion was 26.6 ± 15.1 μg/24 h in controls, 23.2 ± 7.9 μg/24 h in group A (P >0.05), 18.3 ± 10.6 μg/24 h in group B (P >0.05), and 6.5 ± 3.6 μg/24 h in group C (P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Disturbances in serotonin and melatonin homeostasis observed in patients with liver cirrhosis may be associated with advanced encopaholopathy.
Atrial enlargement as a consequence of atrial fibrillation.

Sanfilippo et all report that atrial enlargement can develop as a consequence of atrial fibrillation. This conclusion is based upon the determination by echocardiography of atrial volumes in a highly selected group of 15 patients without any 'confounding cause for atrial enlargement. " Atrial dimensions were measured in various projections and volume calculated on the assumption that the atria were prolate ellipses. For the right atriunm, two of the dimensions employed to determine volume were regarded as equivalent! The problems inherent in these measurements and assumptions were described in a study reported in this journal long ago2 in which no relationship was found between left atrial volume as determined by angiocardiography and duration of atrial fibrillation. Sanfilippo et al' use their findings to support more aggressive attempts to eliminate atrial fibrillation. Yet in this "perfect" group of 15 patients with atrial fibrillation, electrical conversion failed in five, chemical conversion failed in an additional four, and no attempt at conversion was made in the remaining six and no reasons were given for not trying. Finally, endpoints3 for digoxin dosage are not mentioned in the 11 who were maintained on digoxin, or for control of the ventricular rate in the other four who were not. Atrial fibrillation is an unwanted arrhythmia, but its abolition to prevent atrial enlargement remains unproved. It is at once thought-provoking and sobering to learn from the work of Sanfilippo et all that restitution of sinus rhythm in these ideal patients was unsuccessful in every instance in which cardioversion was attempted, whether electrically or chemically.
Differentiation potential of urothelium from patients with benign bladder dysfunction

To develop a novel in vitro approach to test the hypothesis that failure of urothelial differentiation underlies the aetiopathology of interstitial cystitis (IC), where there is evidence of compromised urinary barrier function, as benign dysfunctional bladder disease encompass several poorly understood clinically defined conditions, including IC, idiopathic detrusor overactivity (IDO) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI).
INDECISIVE CONDITION CLASSIFICATION USING SVM

— In this research, we exploit the regularize framework and proposed an associative classification algorithm for uncertain data. The major recompense of SVM(support vector machine) are: recurrent item sets capture every dominant associations between items in a dataset. These classifiers naturally handle missing values and outliers as they only deal with statistically significant associations which build the classification to be vigorous. We proposed a novel indecisive SVM Based clustering algorithm which considers large databases as the major application. The SVM Based clustering algorithm will cluster a specified set of data and exploit the matching which proposes other works.
The emerging role of the Nrf2–Keap1 signaling pathway in cancer

The Nrf2–Keap1 signaling pathway is key to cell defense and survival pathways. Nrf2 can protect cells and tissues from toxicants and carcinogens, and several Nrf2 activators are currently being tested as chemopreventive compounds. However, several studies also suggest that Nrf2 may protect cancer cells from chemotherapeutic agents and promote cancer cell proliferation. Here, Jaramillo and Zhang provide an overview of the Nrf2–Keap1 signaling pathway in cancer. They discuss the dual role of Nrf2 in cancer and the challenges in developing Nrf2-based drugs for chemoprevention and therapy.