Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Brown carbon and water-soluble organic aerosols over the southeastern United States

Brown carbon and water-soluble organic aerosols over the southeastern United States A. Hecobian, X. Zhang, M. Zheng, N. Frank, E. S. Edgerton, and R. J. Weber Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Office of Air Quality Planning & Standards, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Atmospheric Research and Analysis, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, USA Received: 3 March 2010 – Accepted: 13 March 2010 – Published: 23 March 2010 Correspondence to: R. J. Weber (rweber@eas.gatech.edu) Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.
Hydrogen Production from Reaction of Apple Pomace with Water over Commercial Steam Reforming Ni Catalysts

H 2 production from biomass is an important area of research. Steam reforming of apple pomace at high temperatures at > 973 K was carried out over a commercial steam reforming Ni catalyst using a fluid bed reactor. The Ni catalyst could catalyze the reaction between apple pomace and H 2 O to produce H 2 . The balance between the reactant apple pomace and the product gases together with thermogravimetric data suggested that apple pomace was decomposed to H 2 , CO, CH4, CO 2 and carbon deposits prior to steam reforming, and the resultant deposited carbon reacted with H 2 O to produce H 2 , CO, and C02. This conclusion was supported by the observation that potassium and calcium compounds added to the Ni catalyst considerably increased the extent of gasification, probably by promotion of the reaction between deposited carbon and H 2 O. Enhancement of the reaction between deposited carbon and H 2 O is a possible way to develop a high performance system for H 2 production from steam reforming of biomass.
High-Precision Lensless Microscope on a Chip Based on In-Line Holographic Imaging

The lensless on-chip microscope is an emerging technology in the recent decade that can realize the imaging and analysis of biological samples with a wide field-of-view without huge optical devices and any lenses. Because of its small size, low cost, and being easy to hold and operate, it can be used as an alternative tool for large microscopes in resource-poor or remote areas, which is of great significance for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. To improve the low-resolution characteristics of the existing lensless shadow imaging systems and to meet the high-resolution needs of point-of-care testing, here, we propose a high-precision on-chip microscope based on in-line holographic technology. We demonstrated the ability of the iterative phase recovery algorithm to recover sample information and evaluated it with image quality evaluation algorithms with or without reference. The results showed that the resolution of the holographic image after iterative phase recovery is 1.41 times that of traditional shadow imaging. Moreover, we used machine learning tools to identify and count the mixed samples of mouse ascites tumor cells and micro-particles that were iterative phase recovered. The results showed that the on-chip cell counter had high-precision counting characteristics as compared with manual counting of the microscope reference image. Therefore, the proposed high-precision lensless microscope on a chip based on in-line holographic imaging provides one promising solution for future point-of-care testing (POCT).
Analysis on Pyrolytic Behavior of Bagasse Multifunctional Materials by Py-GC-MS

In order to learn of pyrolytic behavior of bagasse multifunctional materials, the extractives of bagasse biomass were adsorbed and determined by Py-GC-MS. And the main constituents were 1-phenanthrenecarboxylic acid,1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydro-1,4a-di methyl-7-(1-methylethyl)-( 37.99%), decanoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester(5.73%), tridecane, 2-methyl-(5.09%), dodecanoic acid, 1-(hydroxymethyl) -1,2-ethanediyl ester(4.52%), stigmastan-3,5-diene(3.81%), glycine, furan-2-yl-methyl ester(3.45%), 1-hexacosene(2.18%), 1-docosene(2.08%), kaura-9(11),16-dien-18-oic acid, (4.alpha.)- (2.07%), etc.
Changes of some chlorophyll-fluorescence parameters under biofertilization.

This research has aimed to investigate how biofertilization influences plant production, what effects the application of biofertilizers exercise on the parameters of chlorophyllfluorescence. The different nitrogen deficiency level cause reduction in the potential photochemical activity (Fv/Fm) compared to the normal nitrogen amount. The applied biofertilizer could compensate the effect of nitrogen deprivation. The Fv/Fm was higher if the reduced nitrogen supply was supplemented with biofertilizer as compared to the values of different nitrogen deficiency levels without biofertilizer treatments. The absence and normal amount of nutrients reduce positive effect of biofertilization.
Have FDI quantity and quality promoted the low-carbon development of science and technology parks (STPs)? The threshold effect of knowledge accumulation

In recent times, China has emphasized five major development concepts to promote high-quality development: coordination, green, innovation, openness, and sharing. As a metamorphosis of these ideas, Chinese science and technology parks (STPs) are gathering areas of high-tech industries and represent advanced productive forces. Their greenness, openness, and innovative developments herald the future development trends of China. Based on the data of 52 STPs in China from 2011 to 2018, this study analyzes the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) quantity and quality on the low-carbon development of the STPs. We use Hansen’s nonlinear panel threshold regression model with knowledge accumulation as the threshold variable. The results show the following: First, there are complex nonlinear relationships between FDI quantity, FDI quality, and the low-carbon development of the STPs. Second, FDI quantity has a significant positive impact on the low-carbon development of the STPs only when the level of knowledge accumulation is below a certain threshold. Beyond this threshold the effect is no longer significant. Third, FDI quality has a significant positive impact on the low-carbon development of STPs only when the level of knowledge accumulation is lower than a certain threshold; beyond which, the impact is no longer significant. These results can serve as a reference for China to effectively promote economic low-carbon growth of STPs and achieve green, open, and innovative development.
Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors Versus Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists in Older Adults

OBJECTIVE Both sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) demonstrated cardiovascular benefits in randomized controlled trials of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) generally <65 years old and mostly with cardiovascular disease. We aimed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness and safety of SGLT2i and GLP-1RA among real-world older adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using Medicare data (April 2013–December 2016), we identified 90,094 propensity score–matched (1:1) T2D patients ≥66 years old initiating SGLT2i or GLP-1RA. Primary outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (i.e., myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death) and hospitalization for heart failure (HHF). Other outcomes included diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), genital infections, fractures, lower-limb amputations (LLA), acute kidney injury (AKI), severe urinary tract infections, and overall mortality. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and rate differences (RDs) per 1,000 person-years, controlling for 140 baseline covariates. RESULTS Compared with GLP-1RA, SGLT2i initiators had similar MACE risk (HR 0.98 [95% CI 0.87, 1.10]; RD −0.38 [95% CI −2.48, 1.72]) and reduced HHF risk (HR 0.68 [95% CI 0.57, 0.80]; RD −3.23 [95% CI −4.68, −1.77]), over a median follow-up of ∼6 months. They also had 0.7 more DKA events (RD 0.72 [95% CI 0.02, 1.41]), 0.9 more LLA (RD 0.90 [95% CI 0.10, 1.70]), 57.1 more genital infections (RD 57.08 [95% CI 53.45, 60.70]), and 7.1 fewer AKI events (RD −7.05 [95% CI −10.27, −3.83]) per 1,000 person-years. CONCLUSIONS Among older adults, those taking SGLT2i had similar MACE risk, decreased HHF risk, and increased risk of DKA, LLA, and genital infections versus those taking GLP-1RA.
Vertical Two-Phase Flow: Part III: Pressure Drop

Data are presented on the total two-phase pressure drop for air-water vertical flow in a 0.026m i.d. pipe. The data exhibit a maximum value, at the end of the churn flow regime, set between two minima at the end of the slug and annular ripple regimes respectively. There was a noticeable diameter effect. It was possible to explain the form of the pressure loss data qualitatively. In the slug and allied regimes the rising gas bubble carried a pocket of liquid in its wake resulting in a reduction in the fluid head. None of the current theories of pressure loss prediction proved to be useful. However, it was possible to predict bubble flow at low gas rates and annular droplet flow at high gas rates.
Gαi1 inhibition mechanism of ATP-bound adenylyl cyclase type 5

Conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is an essential reaction mechanism that takes place in eukaryotes, triggering a variety of signal transduction pathways. ATP conversion is catalyzed by the enzyme adenylyl cyclase (AC), which can be regulated by binding inhibitory, Gαi, and stimulatory, Gαs subunits. In the past twenty years, several crystal structures of AC in isolated form and complexed to Gαs subunits have been resolved. Nevertheless, the molecular basis of the inhibition mechanism of AC, induced by Gαi, is still far from being fully understood. Here, classical molecular dynamics simulations of the isolated holo AC protein type 5 and the holo binary complex AC5:Gαi have been analyzed to investigate the conformational impact of Gαi association on ATP-bound AC5. The results show that Gαi appears to inhibit the activity of AC5 by preventing the formation of a reactive ATP conformation.
Natural Products in Polyclad Flatworms

Marine invertebrates are promising sources of novel bioactive secondary metabolites, and organisms like sponges, ascidians and nudibranchs are characterised by possessing potent defensive chemicals. Animals that possess chemical defences often advertise this fact with aposematic colouration that potential predators learn to avoid. One seemingly defenceless group that can present bright colouration patterns are flatworms of the order Polycladida. Although members of this group have typically been overlooked due to their solitary and benthic nature, recent studies have isolated the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin from these mesopredators. This review considers the potential of polyclads as potential sources of natural products and reviews what is known of the activity of the molecules found in these animals. Considering the ecology and diversity of polyclads, only a small number of species from both suborders of Polycladida, Acotylea and Cotylea have been investigated for natural products. As such, confirming assumptions as to which species are in any sense toxic or if the compounds they use are biosynthesised, accumulated from food or the product of symbiotic bacteria is difficult. However, further research into the group is suggested as these animals often display aposematic colouration and are known to prey on invertebrates rich in bioactive secondary metabolites.
Equally Weighted Multiscale Elastic Network Model and Its Comparison with Traditional and Parameter-Free Models

Dynamical properties of proteins play an essential role in their function exertion. The elastic network model (ENM) is an effective and efficient tool in characterizing the intrinsic dynamical properties encoded in biomacromolecule structures. The Gaussian network model (GNM) and anisotropic network model (ANM) are the two often-used ENM models. Here, we introduce an equally weighted multiscale ENM (equally weighted mENM) based on the original mENM (denoted as mENM), in which fitting weights of Kirchhoff/Hessian matrixes in mENM are removed since they neglect the details of pairwise interactions. Then, we perform its comparison with the mENM, traditional ENM, and parameter-free ENM (pfENM) in reproducing dynamical properties for the six representative proteins whose molecular dynamics (MD) trajectories are available in http://mmb.pcb. ub.es/MoDEL/. In the results, for B-factor prediction, mENM performs best, while the equally weighted mENM performs also well, better than the traditional ENM and pfENM models. As to the dynamical cross-correlation map calculation, mENM performs worst, while the results produced from the equally weighted mENM and pfENM models are close to those from MD trajectories with the latter a little better than the former. Furthermore, encouragingly, the equally weighted mANM displays the best performance in capturing the functional motional modes, followed by pfANM and traditional ANM models, while the mANM fails in all the cases. This work is helpful for strengthening the understanding of the elastic network model and provides a valuable guide for researchers to utilize the model to explore protein dynamics.
Dasatinib-induced panniculitis in a patient with chronic myeloid leukaemia

87 symptoms, like angioedema and wheals, may significantly and rapidly improve [3, 4], as was the case in our study. Staubach et al. [4] also reported an improvement in quality of life with this therapy. Except for fatigue, the efficacy of omalizumab on extracutaneous CSU symptoms is still unknown. These symptoms are, however, not uncommon. Indeed, Doong et al. [2] reported a cohort of 155 patients, of whom 103 had systemic complaints, such as joint pain, headache, fatigue, wheezing or GI complaints. In our cohort, patients reported reduced fatigue under omalizumab therapy, as described previously in the literature (reported time to improvement: four months) [4]. Omalizumab also seems to be effective for other symptoms, especially GI symptoms. Our study also shows an association between CSU and POTS, which has not been extensively described previously in the literature [5]. Indeed, we reported improvements in most POTS cases, which has not been previously described. Overall, this study demonstrates that treatment of CSU+ patients with omalizumab leads to rapid improvement (table 1), and these results are in line with previous studies [4, 6]. Moreover, we reported few side effects associated with omalizumab which is also in line with other studies [4, 6-8]. In several previous reports, off-label dosing periods during monthly administration of omalizumab were suspected and increased dosing intervals have been reported to be more effective [9]. In this study, we also adapted interval dosing based on symptom recurrence; following dose interval decrease, no increase in side effects was found and improvement was observed. Despite some limitations of our study (in particular, its retrospective nature and the non-objective criteria for improvement), we consider omalizumab as a safe and effective therapy for extracutaneous symptoms of CSU.
Exercise Intensity during Olympic-Distance Triathlon in Well-Trained Age-Group Athletes: An Observational Study

The aim of this study was to examine the exercise intensity during the swimming, cycling, and running legs of nondraft legal, Olympic-distance triathlons in well-trained, age-group triathletes. Seventeen male triathletes completed incremental swimming, cycling, and running tests to exhaustion. Heart rate (HR) and workload corresponding to aerobic and anaerobic thresholds, maximal workloads, and maximal HR (HRmax) in each exercise mode were analyzed. HR and workload were monitored throughout the race. The intensity distributions in three HR zones for each discipline and five workload zones in cycling and running were quantified. The subjects were then assigned to a fast or slow group based on the total race time (range, 2 h 07 min–2 h 41 min). The mean percentages of HRmax in the swimming, cycling, and running legs were 89.8% ± 3.7%, 91.1% ± 4.4%, and 90.7% ± 5.1%, respectively, for all participants. The mean percentage of HRmax and intensity distributions during the swimming and cycling legs were similar between groups. In the running leg, the faster group spent relatively more time above HR at anaerobic threshold (AnT) and between workload at AnT and maximal workload. In conclusion, well-trained male triathletes performed at very high intensity throughout a nondraft legal, Olympic-distance triathlon race, and sustaining higher intensity during running might play a role in the success of these athletes.
Coal Fly Ash Derived Silica Nanomaterial for MMMs—Application in CO2/CH4 Separation

In order to obtained high selective membrane for industrial applications (such as natural gas purification), mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were developed based on polysulfone as matrix and MCM-41-type silica material (obtained from coal fly ash) as filler. As a consequence, various quantities of filler were used to determine the membranes efficiency on CO2/CH4 separation. The coal fly ash derived silica nanomaterial and the membranes were characterized in terms of thermal stability, homogeneity, and pore size distribution. There were observed similar properties of the obtained nanomaterial with a typical MCM-41 (obtained from commercial silicates), such as high surface area and pore size distribution. The permeability tests highlighted that the synthesized membranes can be applicable for CO2 removal from CH4, due to unnoticeable differences between real and ideal selectivity. Additionally, the membranes showed high resistance to CO2 plasticization, due to permeability decrease even at high feed pressure, up to 16 bar.
Detection and Degradation of Adenosine Monophosphate in Perchlorate-Spiked Martian Regolith Analogue, by Deep-Ultraviolet Spectroscopy.

The search for organic biosignatures on Mars will depend on finding material protected from the destructive ambient radiation. Solar ultraviolet can induce photochemical degradation of organic compounds, but certain clays have been shown to preserve organic material. We examine how the SHERLOC instrument on the upcoming Mars 2020 mission will use deep-ultraviolet (UV) (248.6 nm) Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy to detect a plausible biosignature of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) adsorbed onto Ca-montmorillonite clay. We found that the spectral signature of AMP is not altered by adsorption in the clay matrix but does change with prolonged exposure to the UV laser over dosages equivalent to 0.2-6 sols of ambient martian UV. For pure AMP, UV exposure leads to breaking of the aromatic adenine unit, but in the presence of clay the degradation is limited to minor alteration with new Raman peaks and increased fluorescence consistent with formation of 2-hydroxyadenosine, while 1 wt % Mg perchlorate increases the rate of degradation. Our results confirm that clays are effective preservers of organic material and should be considered high-value targets, but that pristine biosignatures may be altered within 1 sol of martian UV exposure, with implications for Mars 2020 science operations and sample caching.
Machine Learning: The Next Paradigm Shift in Medical Education.

Machine learning (ML) algorithms are powerful prediction tools with immense potential in the clinical setting. There are a number of existing clinical tools that utilize ML, and many more are in development. Physicians are important stakeholders in the health care system, but most are not equipped to make informed decisions regarding deployment and application of ML technologies in patient care. It is of paramount importance that ML concepts are integrated into medical curricula to position physicians to become informed consumers of the emerging tools employing ML. This paradigm shift is similar to the evidence-based medicine (EBM) movement of the 1990s. At that time, EBM was a novel concept; now EBM is considered an essential component of medical curricula and critical to the provision of high-quality patient care. ML has the potential to have a similar, if not greater, impact on the practice of medicine. As this technology continues its inexorable march forward, we must continue to evaluate medical curricula to ensure that physicians are trained to be informed stakeholders in the health care of tomorrow.
Asymmetric random walks reveal that the chemotaxis network modulates flagellar rotational bias in Helicobacter pylori

The canonical chemotaxis network modulates the bias for a particular direction of rotation in the bacterial flagellar motor to help the cell migrate toward favorable chemical environments. How the chemotaxis network in Helicobacter pylori modulates flagellar functions is unknown, which limits our understanding of chemotaxis in this species. Here, we determined that H. pylori swim faster (slower) whenever their flagella rotate counterclockwise (clockwise) by analyzing their hydrodynamic interactions with bounding surfaces. This asymmetry in swimming helped quantify the rotational bias. Upon exposure to a chemo-attractant, the bias decreased and the cells tended to swim exclusively in the faster mode. In the absence of a key chemotaxis protein, CheY, the bias was zero. The relationship between the reversal frequency and the rotational bias was unimodal. Thus, H. pylori’s chemotaxis network appears to modulate the probability of clockwise rotation in otherwise counterclockwise-rotating flagella, similar to the canonical network.
Optimization of the Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes on FeCo(Ni)/SiO2 Aerogel Catalysts by Statistical Design of Experiments

We report on optimizing the catalytic chemical vapor deposition synthesis of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) from ethene over supported transition metal SiO2 nanocomposite aerogels using the statistical design of experiments (DOE) approach. DOE allowed us to test 19 different catalysts in a total of 49 reactions instead of testing 27 catalysts in 729 runs as required by a three-level full factorial design. Both catalyst-related and process-related variables were optimized; in particular varied parameters were Fe + Co loading, Fe/Co ratio, Ni loading, C2H4 flow rate, temperature, and duration of the reaction. The results of the optimization indicate that a good catalyst should contain a high overall loading (10 wt %) of iron and cobalt in similar amount, should be free of nickel and should be operated at a relatively low temperature (650−700 °C) at high carbon source space velocity for optimum performance. The uniqueness of this work is that we demonstrated that catalyst-related and process-related var.