Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distributed Feedforward Approach to Cooperative Output Regulation Subject to Communication Delays and Switching Networks

In this technical note, we consider the cooperative output regulation problem for linear multi-agent systems subject to communication delays and switching networks by a distributed feedforward approach. Both distributed dynamic state feedback controller and distributed dynamic measurement output feedback controller are proposed to solve the problem. In comparison with the existing result for the similar problem, our result can handle the cooperative output regulation problem subject to nonuniform time-varying communication delays and jointly connected switching communication networks. As an application of cooperative output regulation, it is shown that our main result can solve the leader-following consensus problem and includes some existing results as its special cases.
Globalizing cities : a new spatial order?

List of Figures. List of Maps. List of Tables. List of Contributors. Preface. Acknowledgements. 1. Introduction: Peter Marcuse and Ronald van Kempen. 2. The Unavoidable Continuities of the City: Robert A. Beauregard and Anne Haila. 3. From the Metropolis to Globalization: The Dialectics of Race and Urban Form: William W. Goldsmith. 4. From Colonial City to Globalizing City? : The Far-From-Complete Spatial Transformation of Calcutta: Sanjoy Chakravorty. 5. Rio de Janeiro: Emerging Dualization in a Historically Unequal City: Luiz Cesar Queiroz de Ribeiro and Edward Telles. 6. Singapore: The Changing Residential Landscape in a Winner City: Leo van Grunsven. 7. Tokyo: Patterns of Familiarity and Partitions of Difference: Paul Waley. 8. Still a Global City: The Racial and Ethnic Segmentation of New York: John Logan. 9. Brussels: Post-Fordist Polarization in a Fordist Spatial Canvass: Christian Kesteloot. 10. The Imprint of the Post-Fordist Transition on Australian Cities: Blair Badcock. 11. The Globalization of Frankfurt am Main: Core, Periphery and Social Conflict: Roger Keil and Klaus Ronneberger. 12. Conclusion: The New Spatial Order: Peter Marcuse and Ronald van Kempen. List of References. Index.
Epithelial abnormalities in cystic ovarian endometriosis.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of epithelial abnormalities in cystic ovarian endometriosis. METHODS In this observational study, the specimens of 388 consecutive patients undergoing a surgical procedure whose final diagnosis included cystic ovarian endometriosis were histopathologically reviewed. The prevalence and patient characteristics of cases featuring epithelial metaplasia, hyperplasia, atypia, and endometrioid carcinoma arising in endometriosis were analyzed. RESULTS The epithelial lining was evaluable in 339 cases. Left-sided cysts were significantly more common than right-sided ones (P < 0.0001). The observed prevalence was 12.1% for metaplasia, 9.4% for hyperplasia, 5.9% for atypia, and 4.1% for endometrioid carcinoma arising in endometriosis. Complex hyperplasia, but not simple hyperplasia or metaplasia, was significantly more common in cases with associated endometrioid carcinoma than in all other cases (P < 0.00001). A statistically significant trend for increasing age from normal epithelium to carcinoma was observed (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Epithelial abnormalities are a common finding in cystic ovarian endometriosis. Despite their clinical significance being still debated, complex hyperplasia and atypia can be associated with malignant transformation of endometriosis. Their observation in a surgical specimen, particularly in older patients, should indicate a careful examination of the entire lining of the cyst and a strict follow-up of the patient.
Quality of life and smoking.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Smoking tobacco is the leading cause of preventable illness in the United States and around the world. However, much remains unknown about the factors that motivate individuals to smoke. Quality of life (QoL) has become an important measure of outcomes across all medical specialties, in both research and clinical settings. To date, there has not been a critical review of the research relevant to QoL in smokers. In this review, we describe which scales are used to quantify the QoL of smokers, the relationship between smoking and QoL and the positive impact of smoking cessation. METHODS Fifty-four relevant studies are included in our review. RESULTS Low QoL and depression are associated with higher odds of smoking initiation and lower odds of successful smoking cessation. There is a negative relationship between smoking and QoL and the magnitude of this association is related to the number of cigarettes smoked. Secondhand smoke also appears to be negatively associated with QoL. Smoking cessation significantly improves QoL. These findings have been replicated across populations with diverse socioeconomic and cultural groups around the world. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS QoL data promotes smokers and practitioners to become more sensitive to the sub-clinical adverse effects of cigarette smoking, thereby improving motivation to quit, cessation rates, and treatment outcomes. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Understanding the relationship between QoL and tobacco smoking is important for patients, clinicians, and researchers.
Pathology of primary and metastatic mucinous ovarian neoplasms

Recent years have seen a dramatic change in the pathological approach to ovarian mucinous neoplasms. A substantial proportion of tumours previously considered to be ovarian primaries actually represent secondary ovarian involvement by tumours elsewhere in the body. Two major categories of tumour have completely disappeared from the diagnostic spectrum: ovarian ‘borderline’ mucinous tumour associated with pseudomyxoma peritonei, and widely disseminated mucinous carcinomas. The emergent picture of true ovarian primary carcinoma of pure mucinous morphology is that this is a rare malignancy that is low grade and low stage at presentation in the vast majority of cases, with a very low likelihood of aggressive clinical behaviour. A large volume of literature has appeared concerning the pathological distinction of primary from metastatic ovarian mucinous neoplasms in view of the dramatically different prognosis and treacherously similar morphology. Clinicopathological parameters useful in the distinction of primary from metastatic mucinous ovarian carcinomas are reviewed. Major features favouring metastases are bilaterality, size <10 cm, surface involvement, extensive intra-abdominal spread and an extensive infiltrative pattern with desmoplasia. Two morphological patterns essentially exclude ovarian origin: colloid and signet ring carcinomas. Features favouring primary ovarian origin are unilaterality, large size >12 cm, smooth external surface and association with other ovarian pathology. An admixture of benign, borderline and malignant patterns in the same tumour favour primary origin, but can be misleading as a ‘maturation’ pattern in metastases can result in the same appearance.
Metal artefact reduction in CT imaging of hip prostheses—an evaluation of commercial techniques provided by four vendors.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate commercial metal artefact reduction (MAR) techniques in X-ray CT imaging of hip prostheses. METHODS Monoenergetic reconstructions of dual-energy CT (DECT) data and several different MAR algorithms, combined with single-energy CT or DECT, were evaluated by imaging a bilateral hip prosthesis phantom. The MAR images were compared with uncorrected images based on CT number accuracy and noise in different regions of interest. RESULTS The three MAR algorithms studied implied a general noise reduction (up to 67%, 74% and 77%) and an improvement in CT number accuracy, both in regions close to the prostheses and between the two prostheses. The application of monoenergetic reconstruction, without any MAR algorithm, did not decrease the noise in the regions close to the prostheses to the same extent as did the MAR algorithms and even increased the noise in the region between the prostheses. CONCLUSION The MAR algorithms evaluated generally improved CT number accuracy and substantially reduced the noise in the hip prostheses phantom images, both close to the prostheses and between the two prostheses. The study showed that the monoenergetic reconstructions evaluated did not sufficiently reduce the severe metal artefact caused by large orthopaedic implants. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE This study evaluates several commercially available MAR techniques in CT imaging of large orthopaedic implants.
Socioeconomic position and sleep quantity in UK adults

Study objective: To investigate the association between markers of socioeconomic position (years of full time education, access to a car or van, and occupational social class) and mid-range sleep quantity (6.5 to 8.5 hours). Data source: Office of National Statistics Omnibus Survey, May 1999. Participants: 3000 households were randomly selected from the UK postcode address file and one person aged over 16 years from each household was randomly selected and invited to take part in the survey. All respondents aged 25 and over (n = 1473) were included in the analyses where appropriate data were available. Main results: Total sleep quantity was greater in more deprived women as measured by years in full time education. There was no linear association between total sleep quantity and any of the markers of socioeconomic position in men. Mid-range sleep quantity was more common in more educated women. Similar, non-significant, trends were seen in men. Conclusion: There is little evidence that more socioeconomically deprived people obtain less sleep than more advantaged ones—indeed, the reverse may be true—but some evidence that more advantaged women are more likely to report mid-range sleep. Any hypothesis implicating sleep in socioeconomic inequalities in health should take into account mid-range, rather than total, sleep quantity. Further work should focus both on mid-range, or “healthy” sleep, quantity as well as sleep quality.
Tyr-95 and Ile-172 in Transmembrane Segments 1 and 3 of Human Serotonin Transporters Interact to Establish High Affinity Recognition of Antidepressants*

In previous studies examining the structural determinants of antidepressant and substrate recognition by serotonin transporters (SERTs), we identified Tyr-95 in transmembrane segment 1 (TM1) of human SERT as a major determinant of binding for several antagonists, including racemic citalopram ((RS)-CIT). Here we described a separate site in hSERT TM3 (Ile-172) that impacts (RS)-CIT recognition when switched to the corresponding Drosophila SERT residue (I172M). The hSERT I172M mutant displays a marked loss of inhibitor potency for multiple inhibitors such as (RS)-CIT, clomipramine, RTI-55, fluoxetine, cocaine, nisoxetine, mazindol, and nomifensine, whereas recognition of substrates, including serotonin and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, is unaffected. Selectivity for antagonist interactions is evident with this substitution because the potencies of the antidepressants tianeptine and paroxetine are unchanged. Reduced cocaine analog recognition was verified in photoaffinity labeling studies using [125I]MFZ 2-24. In contrast to the I172M substitution, other substitutions at this position significantly affected substrate recognition and/or transport activity. Additionally, the mouse mutation (mSERT I172M) exhibits similar selective changes in inhibitor potency. Unlike hSERT or mSERT, analogous substitutions in mouse dopamine transporter (V152M) or human norepinephrine transporter (V148M) result in transporters that bind substrate but are deficient in the subsequent translocation of the substrate. A double mutant hSERT Y95F/I172M had a synergistic impact on (RS)-CIT recognition (∼10,000-fold decrease in (RS)-CIT potency) in the context of normal serotonin recognition. The less active enantiomer (R)-CIT responded to the I172M substitution like (S)-CIT but was relatively insensitive to the Y95F substitution and did not display a synergistic loss at Y95F/I172M. An hSERT mutant with single cysteine substitutions in TM1 and TM3 resulted in formation of a high affinity cadmium metal coordination site, suggesting proximity of these domains in the tertiary structure of SERT. These studies provided evidence for distinct binding sites coordinating SERT antagonists and revealed a close interaction between TM1 and TM3 differentially targeted by stereoisomers of CIT.
Two-year change in body mass index and subsequent risk of hypertension among men and women in a Taiwan community

Objective To examine the relationship between short-term changes in BMI and the development of hypertension in a cohort of ethnic Chinese men and women. Methods BMI changes between the baseline survey in 1990–1991 and examinations in 1992–1993 were evaluated for 713 men and 853 women aged 35 years or above, free from hypertension, stroke, coronary heart disease and diabetes at the baseline. The incident hypertension and associated risks were assessed in follow-up visits in 2000. Results Both men and women in the highest BMI change quartile had the highest adjusted mean blood pressures at the initial follow-up period. The differences in blood pressure between the extreme quartiles of BMI changes remained significant at the end of follow-up period in men but were notably reduced in women. The risk of incident hypertension increased as the BMI change quartile increased in men (multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval for the highest quartile versus the lowest quartile: 1.81, 1.22–2.68, respectively, P for trend = 0.002). However, in women, the BMI gain effect on hypertension was not significant unless menopausal status was included in the adjustment (hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval: 1.46, 1.04–2.06, respectively). Stratified analyses showed that the BMI change effect was significant only in women in the premenopause or transition to menopause during their BMI change period. Conclusion The 2-year substantial BMI gain is associated with a persistent risk for developing hypertension in men. The risk for women is influenced by their menopause status.
Single Chip Encryptor/Decryptor Core Implementation of AES Algorithm

This paper presents a single chip encryp- tor/decryptor core implementation of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES-Rijndael) cryptosystem. The suggested architecture is capable of handling all possible combinations of standard bit lengths (128,192,256) of data and key. The fully rolled inner- pipelined architecture ensures lesser hardware complexity. The architecture does reutilize precomputed blocks, in the sense that the same hardware is shared during encryption and decryption as much as possible. The design has been implemented on Xilinx XCVe1000-8bg560 device. The performance of the architecture has been compared with existing results in the literature and has been found to be the most efficient (throughput/area) implementation of the AES algorithm.
Incidence and risk factors of iatrogenic pneumothorax after thoracentesis in emergency department settings.

Background There is a lack of data regarding the incidence and associated factors of pneumothorax following thoracentesis conducted in emergency department (ED) settings. The present study aims to determine the incidence of pneumothorax following thoracentesis in ED settings and evaluate the association of specific demographics, clinical, and procedure factors with thoracentesis-related pneumothorax. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 3,067 thoracentesis cases in the ED of a tertiary care, university-affiliated hospital between January 2009 and December 2014. To evaluate the factors associated with the occurrence of pneumothorax following thoracentesis, matched controls were used with a case to control ratio of 1:5. Results Of the 3,067 cases that received thoracentesis, 19 cases of pneumothorax were observed (0.62%). Patients with pneumothorax had significantly lower weight and body mass index (BMI) than those without pneumothorax (51.0 vs. 61.2 kg, 20.0 vs. 22.6; P<0.001, respectively). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, being underweight, defined as a BMI of <18.5 [OR, 5.2 (95% CI, 1.3-21.2); P=0.021] was significantly associated with the occurrence of pneumothorax. Conclusions The incidence of pneumothorax following thoracentesis was very low in the present study. However, clinicians should be aware of the risk of pneumothorax in underweight patients during thoracentesis. Further prospective studies are required to clarify the results of the present study.
The Study on Local Structure Representation and Local Conserved Structure Discovery

Local region conservation has been studied for many years because biologists believe that local conservation could be highly related to protein functions. The concept of local region conservation comes from a motif, a fragment with biological or functional meaning. Besides, structure-based identification of homologues often succeeds where sequence-alone-based methods fail, because in many cases evolution retains the folding pattern long after sequence similarity becomes undetectable. Thus, prediction of protein function from sequence and structure is a difficult problem, because homologous proteins often have different functions. Alternative methods include inferring conservation patterns in members of a functionally uncharacterized family for which many sequences and structures are known. The researches show that sequence conservation could be discovered that their corresponding residues in 3D space are a compact region and close to ligand. But the question is that is it possible to discover compact regions via protein structure analysis; therefore, our motivation is find out a local structure representation and apply the concept of mining frequent item set to discover local structure conservation. In the experiments, we use enzyme classification to discover local structure conservations, which we can easily identify the connection linked by detected local structure conservations and substrates.
Current trends in the assessment and somatic treatment of resistant/refractory major depression: An overview

A significant proportion of depressed patients eventually present with treatment‐resistant/refractory major depression (TRD), a debilitating condition that imposes significant health, social, and economic burdens. Recently, a growing level of consensus has been reached on the general meaning of TRD, according to which, depression is considered resistant when at least two trials with antidepressants from different pharmacologic classes (adequate in terms of dose, duration, outcome, and compliance) failed to achieve clinical remission. Regarding the management of TRD, a two‐step approach is suggested, involving first the evaluation of factors that may contribute to treatment nonresponse (such as comorbid medical and psychiatric conditions), and second, the use of the four classical strategies for enhancing antidepressant efficacy (namely optimization, augmentation, combination, and switching). Finally, future research on TRD should include studies addressing, among other issues, the validity of the proposed definitional criteria, the evaluation of reliable predictors of treatment outcome, and the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Modeling and simulation of hybrid power flow controller implemented on SMIB system

Pilot installations of STATCOM and UPFC have been built, commissioned and installed in the recent years. The high cost of these Voltage Source Converters (VSC) based FACTS controllers is found to be the major hindrance to their widespread use. Novel and cost effective FACTS topologies have been proposed which are built upon existing equipment which makes use of static converters. The different HPFC configurations devised by the investigator have been implemented on an SMIB system and simulated using MATLAB/ SIMULINK. The comparison of simulation results show that HPFC is a better option for damping power system oscillations and thus enhancing the stability of the system.
Distinct Laterality in Forelimb-Movement Representations of Rat Primary and Secondary Motor Cortical Neurons with Intratelencephalic and Pyramidal Tract Projections

Two distinct motor areas, the primary and secondary motor cortices (M1 and M2), play crucial roles in voluntary movement in rodents. The aim of this study was to characterize the laterality in motor cortical representations of right and left forelimb movements. To achieve this goal, we developed a novel behavioral task, the Right-Left Pedal task, in which a head-restrained male rat manipulates a right or left pedal with the corresponding forelimb. This task enabled us to monitor independent movements of both forelimbs with high spatiotemporal resolution. We observed phasic movement-related neuronal activity (Go-type) and tonic hold-related activity (Hold-type) in isolated unilateral movements. In both M1 and M2, Go-type neurons exhibited bias toward contralateral preference, whereas Hold-type neurons exhibited no bias. The contralateral bias was weaker in M2 than M1. Moreover, we differentiated between intratelencephalic (IT) and pyramidal tract (PT) neurons using optogenetically evoked spike collision in rats expressing channelrhodopsin-2. Even in identified PT and IT neurons, Hold-type neurons exhibited no lateral bias. Go-type PT neurons exhibited bias toward contralateral preference, whereas IT neurons exhibited no bias. Our findings suggest a different laterality of movement representations of M1 and M2, in each of which IT neurons are involved in cooperation of bilateral movements, whereas PT neurons control contralateral movements. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In rodents, the primary and secondary motor cortices (M1 and M2) are involved in voluntary movements via distinct projection neurons: intratelencephalic (IT) neurons and pyramidal tract (PT) neurons. However, it remains unclear whether the two motor cortices (M1 vs M2) and the two classes of projection neurons (IT vs PT) have different laterality of movement representations. We optogenetically identified these neurons and analyzed their functional activity using a novel behavioral task to monitor movements of the right and left forelimbs separately. We found that contralateral bias was reduced in M2 relative to M1, and in IT relative to PT neurons. Our findings suggest that the motor information processing that controls forelimb movement is coordinated by a distinct cell population.