Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of levosimendan on myocardial ischaemia‐reperfusion injury

Background and objective: Levosimendan has a cardioprotective action by inducing coronary vasodilatation and preconditioning by opening KATP channels. The aim of this study was to determine whether levosimendan enhances myocardial damage during hypothermic ischaemia and reperfusion in isolated rat hearts. Methods: Twenty‐one male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. After surgical preparation, coronary circulation was started by retrograde aortic perfusion using Krebs‐Henseleit buffer solution and lasted 15 min. After perfusion Group 1 (control; n = 7) received no further treatment. In Group 2 (non‐treated; n = 7), hearts were arrested with cold cardioplegic solution after perfusion and subjected to 60 min of hypothermic global ischaemia followed by 30 min reperfusion. In Group 3 (levosimendan treated; n = 7), levosimendan was added to the buffer solution during perfusion and the hearts were arrested with cold cardioplegic solution and subjected to 60 min of hypothermic global ischaemia followed by 30 min reperfusion. At the end of the reperfusion period, the hearts were prepared for biochemical assays and for histological analysis. Results: Tissue malondialdehyde levels were significantly lower in the levosimendan‐treated group than in the non‐treated group (P = 0.019). The tissue Na+‐K+ ATPase activity was significantly decreased in the non‐treated group than in the levosimendan‐treated group (P = 0.027). Tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme activity was significantly higher in the non‐treated group than in the levosimendan‐treated group (P = 0.004). Electron microscopic examination of the hearts showed cardiomyocytic degeneration at the myofibril, mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum in both non‐treated and levosimendan‐treated groups. The severity of these findings was more extensive in the non‐treated group. Conclusions: Treatment with levosimendan provided better cardioprotection with cold cardioplegic arrest followed by global hypothermic ischaemia in isolated rat hearts.
Respiratory insufficiency in a newborn with congenital hypothyroidism due to a new mutation of TTF‐1/NKX2.1 gene

NK2 homeobox‐1 (NKX2.1) gene encoding the thyroid transcription factor‐1 (TTF‐1) plays a critical role in lung, thyroid, and central nervous system morphogenesis and function; mutations cause a rare form of progressive respiratory failure associated with alterations of surfactant synthesis, composition, and homeostasis. Molecular mechanisms are heterogeneous and poorly explored. A 28 days old male, soon after birth, presented respiratory failure requiring oxygen treatment at FiO2 27%, prolonged for 2 weeks. Routine neonatal screenings detected a high thyroid stimulating hormone concentration. On day 27 congenital hypothyroidism was confirmed and substitutive treatment was begun. Since the persistence of respiratory symptoms sweat test, CFTR mutation, lymphocyte subpopulations, and sputum cultures were tested, resulting negative. Brain and cardiac defects were also ruled out. Bronchoscopy and BAL analysis were normal. Computed tomography showed bilateral multiple ground glass attenuation, consolidative areas and diffuse bronchial wall thickening. Based on the severity of symptoms, the exclusion of other causes of respiratory disease and the CT findings of interstitial lung disease, we investigated genes affecting the surfactant homeostasis. Sequencing analysis of the three exons of the TTF1 revealed a heterozygous mutation c.334G > T that results in the replacement of glycine in position 112 with a stop codon, generating a nonsense protein that lacks the correct transactivation domain in the C‐terminal region. Genetic analysis of the family showed that the father, who was asymptomatic, carried the mutation. Screening for TTF‐1 deletions or mutations should always be considered in children with congenital hypothyroidism and an unexplained neonatal respiratory distress or neurodevelopmental deficits. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:E42–E44. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cerebral Metabolism of 6–[18F]Fluoro‐l‐3,4‐Dihydroxyphenylalanine in the Primate

Abstract: The tracers 6‐[18F]fluoro‐1‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl‐alanine (6–[18F]fluoro‐l‐DOPA) and 1‐[14C]DOPA were injected simultaneously into rhesus monkeys, and the time course of their metabolites was measured in the striatum and in the occipital and frontal cortices. In the striatum, 6‐[18F]fluoro‐L‐DOPA was metabolized to 6–[18F]fluorodo‐pamine, 3,4‐dihydroxy‐6–[18F]fluorophenylaceticacid, and 6–[18F]fluorohomovanillic acid. The metabolite pattern was qualitatively similar to that of 1‐[14C]DOPA. 6–[18F]Fluorodopamine was synthesized faster than [14C]do‐pamine. In the frontal cortex, the major metabolite was also 6–[18F]fluorodopamine or [14C]dopamine. In the occipital cortex, the major metabolite was 3‐O‐methyl‐6–[18F]fluoro‐L‐DOPA. On the basis of these data, the images obtained with 6–[l8F]fluoro‐l‐DOPA and positron emission tomography in humans can now be interpreted in neurochemical terms.
Effects of castration and androgen replacement on erectile function in a rabbit model.

We investigated, in a rabbit model, the effects of castration and testosterone replacement on: 1) the hemodynamics of the corpus cavernosum; 2) a -1 adrenergic receptor protein expression; 3) neural NO synthase protein expression and activity; 4) phosphodiesterase type 5activity;and5)trabecularsmoothmuscle/connectivetissuebalance.Oneweekafterbilateralorchiectomy,animalsweretreatedfor7dayswithvehiclealone,testosterone,orestradiol.Intactcontrolanimalsreceivedvehicleonly. Systemicarterialbloodandintracavernosalpressures(ICP)weremeasuredineachanimalbeforeandafterelec-tricalstimulationofthecavernosalnerve. a 1 -adrenergic receptor protein expression was determined by ligand binding studies. NO synthase expression and activity were determined by Western blot analysesandconversionof L -argininetocitrulline,respectively.Phos-phodiesterase type 5 activity was determined by hydrolysis of guanosine 3 9 ,5 9 -cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) in tissue extracts in the absence or presence of 100 n M sildenafil. Smooth muscle content was assessed by Masson’s trichrome staining and computer-assisted histomorphometry. Castration significantly reduced ICP, but it did not alter systemic arterial blood pressure during stimulation of the cavernosal nerve. Testosterone, but not estradiol, treatment prevented the effects of castration and restored ICP to values similar to those obtained in intact animals. Castration reduced expression of a 1 -adrenergic receptor, and this reduction was prevented or reversed by testosterone replacement. Neural NO synthase protein expression and total activity were not altered significantly by castration or after testosterone replacement. However, phosphodiesterase type 5 activity increased in castrated animals treated with testosterone. Castra- tion significantly reduced trabecular smooth muscle content, and this reduction was restored by testosterone (but not estradiol) treatment. The results of this study demonstrate that androgen deprivation alters the functional responses and structure of erectile tissue. ( En- docrinology 140: 1861–1868, 1999)
EC-coupling in normal and failing hearts

Systolic heart failure may be due to too few cardiomyocytes, or to reduced contractile function of the heart cells. In the latter situation the myocardial function is impaired and this condition is called myocardial failure. The pathophysiological mechanism behind this cellular defect is not known, but Ca2+ handling is altered. Although the most important trigger of sarcoplasmatic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release, the L-type Ca2+ current, seems to be unaltered, SR Ca2+ load is reduced in human heart failure. This could explain the reduced contractility observed in failing hearts. Three possible mechanisms have been suggested to explain the reduction in SR Ca2+ load. They are leak through the SR Ca2+ release channel (RyR), impaired SR Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) function and increased Na+/Ca2+-exchanger (NCX) function. Leak through RyR is not consistently found. Increased NCX function is probably secondary to a change in Ca2+ handling, and thus not a primary mechanism, but blockade of the NCX might have therapeutic potential. Reduced SERCA function is probably a primary mechanism for the observed systolic dysfunction, and further insight is to be gained through studies in genetically modified models.
Risk Measurement of Real Estate Portfolio Investment Based on CVaR Model

This paper uses CVaR as a measure of risk to study portfolio investment of urban real estate and establish an optimization model for the portfolio investment. Through this model, the loss of a real estate investment and the optimum portfolio within a single urban area can be calculated at a given confidence level. Then this model is applied to calculate the risk and the investment portfolio based on indexes of real estates of the different districts and types in the city of Shenzhen from June 2006 to August 2008. The empirical study shows that the risk obtained by the optimal model based on CVaR is better than the one based on VaR. The main risk control strategy is then to choose the investment portfolio that has low-risk CVaR so as to reduce project risk and to improve the stability of return on investment. Keywords-CVaR; risk measurement; real estate investment portfolio.
Synovial fibrinolysis and haemophilic haemarthrosis.

risks of unnecessary catheterization in such patients-possibly precipitating retention, possibly causing haematuria, possibly introducing infection, etc.-the effect of the instrumentation might well be more than that of the drugs being tested. By this I mean that it might cause a temporary improvement in obstruction caused by a fibrous prostate. The correct method of assessing the amount of residual urine is known to all urologists to be the intravenous postmicturition cystogram. This is the test which should have been advocated to determine the effect of the medical treatment of prostatic obstruction. I am afraid that I am also critical of the title of your leading article. It says itself that enlarged prostates do not necessarily need any treatment-obstruction is the critical factor. -I am, etc., VICTOR LANE Uroiogical DCpartment, Meath Hospital, Dubiin
Wideband stacked microstrip patch antenna on thin PTFE substrate for millimeter-wave personal area network (mmWPAN)

Since FCC released the unlicensed use of 60GHz frequency band, more and more intensive researches and industry interests, including the IEEE standardization of millimeter-wave personal area network (mmWPAN) [1], have been done for the applications of high speed, short distance wireless communication. An antenna with high gain (more than 10dBi) or beam steering feature is the most expected in such a system to provide enough system link budgets [2]. In [3], a simple stacked microstip antenna with two driving patches, fabricated on the Teflon substrate with the thickness of 0.254mm, was reported to have 9 dBi gain covering all frequency bands (57–66GHz), allocated in Japan, US and EU. However, our recent work [4] shows that the basic circuit components, such as bends, folded lines, suffer from quite high losses on the 0.254mm-thick substrate. This will cause serious problems in the future circuit integration. To reduce the losses of feeding networks caused by thick substrate, a thinner substrate with 0.127mm thickness is employed in this paper. However, antenna on the thinner substrate has narrower bandwidth and lower gain. Stacked patch antennas with different configurations based on the work [3] will be presented first to show the frequency bandwidth characteristics and radiation performances on the 0.127mm-thick substrate. Aiming at obtaining wideband and higher gain, a series-parallel mixed stacked patch antenna array is also proposed as in Fig. 1.
RADIOLABELING OF ANTI-CD 20 WITH Re-188 FOR TREATMEN T OF NON-HODGKIN ’ S LYMPHOMA : RADIOCHEMICAL CONTROL

The development of tumor-selective radiopharmaceuti als is clinically desirable as a means of detectin g or confirming the presence and location of primary and metastatic lesions and monitoring tumor response t o (chemo)therapy. In addition, the application of tar geted radiotherapeutics provides a unique and effec tive modality for direct tumor treatment. In this manner the radioimmunotherapy (RIT) uses the targeting fe atures of monoclonal antibody to deliver radiation from an at tached radionuclide. Antibody therapy directed agai nst the CD20 antigen on the surface of B-cells is considere one of the first successful target-specific thera pies in oncology. The radionuclide rhenium-188 ( Re) is currently produced from the father nuclide t ungsten-188 (W) through a transportable generator system. Becaus of its easy availability and suitable nuclear pro perties (EβMAX = 2.1 MeV, t 1/2 = 16.9 h, Eγ = 155 keV), this radionuclide is considered an attr ac ive candidate for application as therapeutic agent and could be conve niently utilized for imaging and dosimetric purpose s. The purpose of this work is to show the radiochemical c ontrol of the optimized formulation (solution) and lyophilized formulation (kit) of labeled rituximab (anti-CD20) with Re. Rituximab was reduced by incubation with 2-mercaptoethanol at room temperature. The num ber of resulting free sulfhydryl groups was assayed with Ellman’s reagent. Radiochemical purity of Re-rituximab was evaluated using instant thin layer chromatography-silica gel (ITLC-SG). Quality contro l methods for evaluation of radiochemical purity sh owed good labeling yield of the antibody.
Computational dosimetry of induced electric fields during realistic movements in the vicinity of a 3 T MRI scanner

Medical staff working near magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners are exposed both to the static magnetic field itself and also to electric currents that are induced in the body when the body moves in the magnetic field. However, there are currently limited data available on the induced electric field for realistic movements. This study computationally investigates the movement induced electric fields for realistic movements in the magnetic field of a 3 T MRI scanner. The path of movement near the MRI scanner is based on magnetic field measurements using a coil sensor attached to a human volunteer. Utilizing realistic models for both the motion of the head and the magnetic field of the MRI scanner, the induced fields are computationally determined using the finite-element method for five high-resolution numerical anatomical models. The results show that the time-derivative of the magnetic flux density (dB/dt) is approximately linearly proportional to the induced electric field in the head, independent of the position of the head with respect to the magnet. This supports the use of dB/dt measurements for occupational exposure assessment. For the path of movement considered herein, the spatial maximum of the induced electric field is close to the basic restriction for the peripheral nervous system and exceeds the basic restriction for the central nervous system in the international guidelines. The 99th percentile electric field is a considerably less restrictive metric for the exposure than the spatial maximum electric field; the former is typically 60–70% lower than the latter. However, the 99th percentile electric field may exceed the basic restriction for dB/dt values that can be encountered during tasks commonly performed by MRI workers. It is also shown that the movement-induced eddy currents may reach magnitudes that could electrically stimulate the vestibular system, which could play a significant role in the generation of vertigo-like sensations reported by people moving in a strong static magnetic field.
Unilateral, Linear Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome (Bean's syndrome): An Unfamiliar Presentation: First Case from India

Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS) also called Bean's syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by multiple cutaneous venous malformations in association with visceral lesions, most commonly affecting the gastrointestinal tract. We report here, a 21-year-old woman patient, who presented with unilateral, blaschkoid distribution of cutaneous venous malformations along with blue rubber bleb nevus and recurrent episodes of hematochezia due to vascular lesions in the sigmoid colon; likely to be a case of BRBNS. The unusual unilateral, blaschkoid distribution of BRBNS prompted this present report.
Interleukin-15 and interleukin-12 have an additive effect on the release of vascular permeability factor by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in normals and in patients with nephrotic syndrome.

BACKGROUND The vascular permeability factor (VPF) is a lymphokine that has been shown to play a role in minimal-change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS). A better understanding of the mechanisms that upregulate VPF release is of basic importance to control the immune system in nephrotic syndrome (NS). Interleukin (IL)-15 is a key inducer of differentiation of uncommitted T helper cells, which regulates cellular immunity. The cytokine IL-15 appears to mimic the stimulatory activity of IL-2 on T cells. PATIENTS AND METHODS In the present report, we studied the ability of IL-15, alone or in combination with IL-12, to influence the release of VPF by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from nephrotic patients. We have analyzed the release of VPF by concanavalin-A- (Con A) stimulated PBMC in normals, 16 patients with MCNS and 16 patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). RESULTS In both patient groups 50% had a proteinuria below 0.8 g/day. We demonstrate that nephrotic, but not non-nephrotic patients (both MCNS and IgAN), exhibit a high VPF release, which can be stimulated further by IL-15 + IL-12. To determine the specificity of the stimulatory effect, neutralizing anti-IL-15 and anti-IL-12 antibodies were preincubated with IL- 15 and IL-12 prior to the addition of responder cells, respectively. The antibodies completely inhibited the effects of IL-15 and IL-12. CONCLUSION These results indicate that IL-15 plus IL-12 acted additively to augment VPF release. These biological interactions between IL-15 and IL-12 may be important in the pathophysiology of VPF in vitro.
COMPLEMENT‐FIXING ANTIBRAIN ANTIBODIES IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS A Preliminary Report

Complement fixing antibrain antibodies were found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 6 of 12 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), but not in any of 17 CSF specimens from patients with other neurological disorders when tested with a crude MS brain preparation as antigen. Complement fixing antibrain antibodies in lower titres were also found in 5 of the 6 positive MS CSF specimens when tested with a control brain preparation as antigen. The findings indicate the occurrence in MS of an immunization against brain components.
LEGAL UNCERTAINTY, ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY, AND THE PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION DOCTRINE

INTRODUCTION. 382 I. ARTICULATED STANDARDS FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTIONS . 388 A. Traditional Approaches . 389 B. The Error-Minimizing Leubsdorf-Posner Formulation . 390 C. Our Alternative Formulation. 393 II. MODEL AND ANALYSIS. 394 A. The Leubsdorf-Posner Formulation of the Traditional Balancing Rule . 396 B. If Preliminary Injunctions Were Never Available . 397 1. Incentives when compensation is provided for nonobligatory performance . 398 2. Incentives when there is no compensation for nonobligatory performance . 399 C. If Preliminary Injunctions Were Always Available . 399 1. Incentives when compensation is provided for nonobligatory performance . 400 2. Incentives when there is no compensation for nonobligatory performance . 401 D. Implications: An Asymmetry in Substantive Law . 401 III. WHICH RULE SHOULD BE EMPLOYED? 402 A. Interim-Efficiency Rule . 403 B. Preliminary Injunction Liability Rule . 405 C. Error-Minimizing Rule in Practice . 407 CONCLUSION. 409
Taxonomic description and genome sequence of Bacillus campisalis sp. nov., a member of the genus Bacillus isolated from a solar saltern.

The taxonomic position of a Gram-stain positive bacterium isolated from a solar saltern sample collected from Kanyakumari, coastal region of the Bay of Bengal, India, was analysed by using a polyphasic approach. The isolated strain, designated SA2-6T, had phenotypic characteristics that matched those of the genus Bacillus. The 16S rRNA gene sequence (1493 bases) of the novel strain was compared with those of previously studied Bacillus type strains and confirmed that the strain belongs to the genus Bacillus and was moderately closely related to the type strain of Bacillus foraminis at 97.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, followed by those of Bacillus thioparans (96.9 %), Bacillus subterraneus (96.8 %), Bacillus jeotgali (96.6 %), Bacillus selenatarsenatis (96.6 %) and Bacillus boroniphilus (96.6 %). 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain SA2-6T differs from all other species of the genus Bacillus by at least 2.5 %. It contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic cell-wall diamino acid, and iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as major fatty acids. Major lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Based on data from this polyphasic study, strain SA2-6T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus campisalis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SA2-6T ( = MTCC 11848T = DSM 28801T). The draft genome of strain SA2-6T consisted of 5 183 363 bp with G+C content of 45.44 mol%, 5352 predicted coding sequences, 191 RNAs and 479 subsystems.
Datapoints: depression and leaving employment among older adult americans.

10 N cross-sectional analyses have shown that individuals with mental illness are less likely to be employed, and many psychological studies have demonstrated that the loss of employment is a risk factor for developing depression. It remains less clear, however, whether depression affects job retention among the employed. We analyzed data from the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative longitudinal survey of individuals aged 51 to 61 in 1992 (1). We examined 1994 data for the baseline and 1996 data for labor market outcomes. Depression was assessed at baseline with a short eight-item version of the Centers for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale, using a cutoff point of four or more symptoms, which corresponds to the traditional cutoff point of 16 or more symptoms in the full 20-item CES-D score (2). We analyzed data from respondents who worked in 1994 and who reported a working status in 1996 (N=4,799). We then determined how many persons responded negatively in 1996 to the question: “Are you currently working for pay? ” Descriptively, 115 out of 458 individuals with substantial depressive symptoms (25.1 percent) left employment within two years, compared with 16.5 percent (716 out of 4,341) of those without depression (t=4.09, df=530, p<.001). Because these groups also differed in other dimensions, we used multivariate logistic regression analysis to control for sex, age, Depression and Leaving Employment Among Older Adult Americans