Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Linear Doubly-Salient HTS Machine for Wave Energy Conversion

This paper proposes a linear doubly-salient high-temperature superconductor (HTS) machine for wave energy conversion, which is composed of a tubular stator and a tubular translator. Since the translator is a simple iron core with salient poles, it is so robust that it can be directly coupled with the reciprocating buoy. The stator consists of an iron core with salient poles, DC HTS field windings and 3-phase HTS concentrated armature windings. By using the finite element analysis, the proposed machine is quantitatively compared with its permanent magnet and copper-winding counterparts. Hence, it validates that its performance, especially the power density, can be improved greatly.
General anaesthetics: why have two when one will do?

Tomorrow's consultants run the risk of having never managed a life-threatening post-transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) bleed until their name is displayed above the patient's bed. We therefore read the article by Lynch et al with great interest. Both the European Working Time Regulations and Modernising Medical Careers have lessened the opportunities for trainee urologists to gain the necessary experience to learn the technique of a safe TURP and be competent in the management of rare life-threatening haemorrhage. Lynch et al acknowledge that the use of ribbon gauze to pack the bleeding prostatic cavity ‘does, however, necessitate the need for a second exploration under general anaesthetic to remove the packs’. In an elderly man with less than perfect performance status, this may be not without risk. One way to avoid the need for re-exploration is to pack the prostatic cavity with a bolster of an absorbable haemostat rather than ribbon gauze. Products such as Surgicel® (Ethicon Inc) are fully absorbable; therefore the risk of introducing a nidus for infection or calculus formation is minimal. Furthermore, the use of gelatine matrix thrombin such as Floseal® (Baxter International Inc) in urology and general surgery for solid visceral haemorrhage is well established. However, little is known about whether these haemostatic matrices have a role in intractable post-TURP bleeding. Such a product could conceivably be utilised in addition to a bolster of absorbable haemostat, to reduce further the necessity for a second general anaesthetic.
Progressive telomere shortening occurs in cultured rat microglia, but not astrocytes

Normal somatic cells have a finite replicative capacity. With each cell division, telomeres shorten progressively until they reach a critical length, at which point the cells enter replicative senescence. Some cells maintain their telomeres by the action of the telomerase enzyme. Glia, particularly microglia, are the only adult cell types in the central nervous system (CNS) that exhibit a significant mitotic potential, and are thus susceptible to telomere shortening. In this study, we show that telomere shortening accompanied by low to moderate telomerase activity, and ultimately senescence, occurs in rat microglia in vitro. When microglia are stimulated to divide with the mitogen granulocyte macrophage‐colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), longer telomeres are allowed to shorten, while shorter telomeres are lengthened. Telomerase activity is nearly 3‐fold higher in GM‐CSF‐stimulated microglia initially, relative to unstimulated controls, and then declines to levels below those seen in controls before increasing again. Telomere attrition is also more rapid when microglia are grown in culture dishes of increasing size. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis indicates that a nearly 3‐fold variation in both inter‐ and intra‐chromosomal telomere length exists in microglia. In contrast to microglia, cultured astrocytes exhibit a cyclical pattern of telomere lengthening and shortening over time, corresponding to a similar cycle of higher and lower telomerase activity. When astrocytes are passaged, mean telomere length increases initially from passage 1–2, remaining constant until passage 5, while the shortest telomeres are continually lengthened. In conclusion, the telomere shortening evident in microglia is accompanied by their progression to senescence by 32 days in vitro. In contrast, astrocytes, perhaps due to greater telomerase activity, have longer life spans and may be passaged repeatedly before entering senescence. Our findings provide an impetus to investigate the possibility that microglial telomere shortening may occur in vivo. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
G-Quadruplex DNA Structures Variations on a Theme

Abstract To be functional, nucleic acids need to adopt particular threedimensional structures. For a long time DNA was regarded as a rigid and passive molecule with the sole purpose to store genetic information, but experimental data has now accumulated that indicates the full dynamic repertoire of this macromolecule. During the last decade, fourstranded DNA structures known as Gquadruplexes, or DNA tetraplexes, have emerged as a threedimensional structure of special interest. Motifs for the formation of Gquadruplex DNA structures are widely dispersed in eukaryotic genomes, and are abundant in regions of biological significance, for example, at telomeres, in the promoters of many important genes, and at recombination hotspots, to name but a few in man. Here I explore the plethora of Gquadruplex DNA structures, and discuss their possible biological functions as well as the proteins that interact with them.
Lower Bounds in a Parallel Model without Bit Operations

We define a natural and realistic model of parallel computation called the PRAM model without bit operations. It is like the usual PRAM model, the main difference being that no bit operations are provided. It encompasses virtually all known parallel algorithms for (weighted) combinatorial optimization and algebraic problems. In this model we prove that for some large enough constant b, the mincost-flow problem for graphs with n vertices cannot be solved deterministically (or with randomization) in $\sqrt n /b$ (expected) time using $2^{\sqrt {n}/b}$ processors; this is so even if we restrict every cost and capacity to be an integer (nonnegative if it is a capacity) of bitlength at most an for some large enough constant a. A similar lower bound is also proved for the max-flow problem. It follows that these problems cannot be solved in our model deterministically (or with randomization) in $\Omega(N^{c})$ (expected) time with $2^{\Omega(N^{c})}$ processors, where c is an appropriate positive constant and N is the total bitlength of the input. Since these problems were known to be P-complete, this provides concrete support for the belief that P-completeness implies high parallel complexity and for the $P\not = NC$ conjecture. Our lower bounds also extend to the PRAM model with limited bit operations, which provides instructions for parity and left or right shift by one bit. Our proof is based on basic algebraic geometry. So we investigate if the algebrogeometric approach could also work for the P versus NC problem. Our results support this possibility, and a close analysis of the limitation of our technique in this context suggests that such a proof of $P \not = NC$ should somehow use geometric invariant theory in a deep way.
Interprofessional collaboration in the hospital: strategies and meanings

Objectives: Interprofessional collaboration is widely advocated in health and social care policies. However, existing research provides a relatively poor understanding of how professionals collaborate or the meanings they attach to their collaborative work. This paper aims to contribute to understanding of this activity by providing an in-depth account of interprofessional collaboration on medical wards in a large teaching hospital. Methods: Ethnographic methods were used, including individual and group interviews with health and social care staff (i.e. doctors, nurses, therapists, social workers; n = 49) and participant observations of ward-based work. Results: The organisation of medical teams, who cared for patients across a number of wards, and the task-oriented nature of medical work, limited opportunities for collaboration with other professionals (e.g. nurses, therapists) who were usually based on a single ward. Consequently, collaboration tended to be task-based, terse and formalistic. Staff employed a range of informal and formal communication strategies to overcome these constraints. Professionals also gave contrasting accounts of collaboration: doctors viewed collaboration primarily as an activity involving work with their medical colleagues, whereas other professionals saw it more as an interprofessional activity. Conclusions: Temporospatial constraints and contrasting notions of 'collaboration' are important factors in shaping the nature of interprofessional collaboration. Policies that promote this activity cannot assume that shared understanding of collaboration exists. They also need to be mindful of the practical constraints that affect collaboration in hospital wards.
License Plate Localization Method Based on VerticalEdge Detection

In our examination, a powerful algorithm for plate recognition which is able to recognize plates having different dimensions in unaccustomed and complicated backgrounds.License plate detection is first step in ANPR systems. The paper defines an algorithm to detect license plate.The plate is detected based on its edge density features. Integral edge image is calculated and then edge density conditions are verified.Two stage detection process is used and provides 97% accuracy.
The viability of frozen-thawed mouse blastocysts.

The successful preservation of mouse embryos at sub-zero temperatures has been accomplished with suitably slow rates of cooling and thawing and in the presence of the cryoprotective agent, dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO). In the first report, full-term fetuses and live young were obtained from one-cell, twocell and eight-cell embryos stored at \m=-\196\s=deg\C for up to 8 days (Whittingham, Leibo & Mazur, 1972) and more recently eight-cell embryos were stored for 8 months at \m=-\196\s=deg\C without any deterioration in viability (Whittingham & Whitten, 1974). The viability of frozen-thawed mouse blastocysts has only been demonstrated by their subsequent expansion during 24 hr in culture. When DMSO was added to the blastocysts at 0\s=deg\C before freezing and diluted out at 0\s=deg\C on thawing, the percentage surviving (18%) was low (Whittingham et al., 1972) but higher survival rates (up to 86%) were obtained when DMSO was added and diluted in several increments at 20\s=deg\C (Wilmut, 1972). This report examines the optimal temperatures for the addition and dilution of DMSO and the survival of frozen-thawed blastocysts to full-term fetuses and live young after transfer to suitably prepared foster mothers. Blastocysts were flushed from the uterine horns of 6to 8-week-old superovulated mice (CFLP, Carworth-Europe) on the 3rd day after finding the coital plug (the methods used have been described fully elsewhere by Biggers, Whitten & Whittingham, 1971). The blastocysts were collected in a modified Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered medium (PBI) supplemented with 0-33 mivrsodium pyruvate, 5-56 mM-glucose, 3 mg/ml bovine serum albumin and 100 u penicillin G, potassium salt/ml (Whittingham & Wales, 1969). After washing the blastocysts free from debris with two changes of PBI (2 ml/wash), ten to twenty blastocysts were placed in 0-1 ml PBI contained in freezing tubes (10 75 mm). The DMSO in PBI medium was added to samples at 0, 20 and 37°C respectively in two increments of 0 5 ml. All samples were equilibrated for 10 min at the various temperatures before and after each addition of DMSO. The final concentration of DMSO was 1-5 m. Finally, all samples were held at 0CC in an ice-bath for 5 min before transferring them to a seeding bath at
Parallelism and historical contingency during rapid ecotype divergence in an isopod

Recent studies on parallel evolution have focused on the relative role of selection and historical contingency during adaptive divergence. Here, we study geographically separate and genetically independent lake populations of a freshwater isopod (Asellus aquaticus) in southern Sweden. In two of these lakes, a novel habitat was rapidly colonized by isopods from a source habitat. Rapid phenotypic changes in pigmentation, size and sexual behaviour have occurred, presumably in response to different predatory regimes. We partitioned the phenotypic variation arising from habitat (‘selection’: 81–94%), lake (‘history’: 0.1–6%) and lake × habitat interaction (‘unique diversification’: 0.4–13%) for several traits. There was a limited role for historical contingency but a strong signature of selection. We also found higher phenotypic variation in the source populations. Phenotype sorting during colonization and strong divergent selection might have contributed to these rapid changes. Consequently, phenotypic divergence was only weakly influenced by historical contingency.
Suggestion Mining from Customer Reviews

The increasing online content has influenced users’ buying behavior. It has triggered a paradigm shift in marketing strategies, as the consumer is no longer swayed by marketers, instead relying on user comments for a particular product or service. This paper focuses on extracting information from feedbacks like suggestions and recommendation by the users that is often present along with the sentiment. While Sentiment Analysis looks at extraction of consumer sentiment, our focus is on extracting actionable feedback present in the text for use by different stakeholders like business analysts and the customer. Our focus is on mining the key suggestions present in text which would benefit the product developer. We present our results and observations in the paper.
Vestibular neurectomy in the United States--1990.

During the last decade, vestibular neurectomy has become a more frequently performed procedure to cure symptoms of inner ear vertigo while preserving hearing. In an effort to determine the results of vestibular neurectomy across the country, a questionnaire was prepared and sent to the 350 members of the American Otologic Society and the American Neurotology Society. Results of that survey indicated that 2,820 vestibular neurectomy procedures were performed by 58 surgeons. Ninety-two percent (2,590 cases) were performed through the posterior fossa approach. Of these, 1149 cases (44%) were through the retrolabyrinthine approach, 940 cases (36%) were through the retrosigmoid approach, 307 cases (12%) were through the combined retrolabyrinthine-retrosigmoid approach, and 194 cases (8%) were unspecified as to which posterior fossa approach was used. The remaining 230 cases (8%) were through the middle fossa approach. Sectioning of the vestibular nerve was done by the otologist in 58 percent of cases, by the neurosurgeon in 12 percent, and by either surgeon in 30 percent. Classic Meniere's disease, the most common indication for vestibular neurectomy, resulted in the best cure rate of 91 percent. Other inner ear diseases such as traumatic labyrinthitis and vestibular neuronitis had a lower cure rate of 74 to 81 percent. Hearing was preserved to within 20 dB of the preoperative pure-tone thresholds in 87 percent. There were no deaths, 11 cases of meningitis and 16 cases of facial paralysis, 15 of which occurred after middle fossa surgery, representing a 7 percent incidence of facial paralysis after middle fossa surgery. Eleven of the 15 cases resulted in permanent paralysis and four in temporary paralysis. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
EEG in NCSE

onconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is defined as prolonged or recurrent electrographic seizure activity lasting more than 30 minutes without prominent motor (i.e. convulsive) clinical symptoms. There are as many types of NCSE as there are nonconvulsive epileptic seizures (Table 1). The hallmark of NCSE is an altered level of consciousness, which may range from mild confusion, inattention, or bizarre behavior to stupor or coma. Motor movements such as automatisms, eye deviation or nystagmoid eye jerks, or limb or facial twitching may be seen. Because NCSE cannot be clinically distinguished from other conditions causing stupor or coma, the electroencephalogram (EEG) is an essential tool for the diagnosis and classification of NCSE. The EEG criteria for NCSE are subjective and somewhat arbitrary, however, and even experienced electroencephalographers often disagree on whether a particular EEG pattern represents NCSE. This article will review the EEG diagnostic criteria for NCSE and common EEG patterns that can be confused with NCSE.
Immunofluorescent polar tips of Rhizobium japonicum: possible site of attachment or lectin binding

Rhizobium japonicum USDA 31 demonstrated marked polarity by binding homologous fluorescent antibody (FA) heavily on one end of the cell. FA prepared against R. japonicum strains 110 and 138, and against R. trifolii TA1 cross-reacted with strain 31 only in the polar tip region. No polar immunofluorescing tips could be seen with FA against two other strains of R. japonicum or with those against several unrelated microorganisms. Common antigens localized only in a polar region were seen in many rhizobia stained with R. japonicum 31 FA: 22 of 23 strains of R. japonicum, 10 of 17 strains of R. trifolii, 3 of 7 strains of R. melitolii, 3 of 6 strains of R. phaseoli, and 3 of 9 strains of R. leguminosarum had some cells with detectable polar tips. The proportion of R. japonicum 31 cells with polar tips was high throughout the growth cycle. Polar tip staining was not affected by drastic cell treatments. A function was proposed for the polar tip region as a site for attachment. R. japonicum 31 cells attached to each other in a tip-to-tip fashion and endwise to fungal hyphae with the polar tip in contact with the hyphal wall. Binding of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled soybean lectin to certain strains of R. japonicum gave additional evidence of polarity. Polar binding of both antibody and lectin may provide insights into relationships between rhizobia and roots of host legumes.
1993 American Society of Human Genetics presidential address: can we meet the challenge?

a major force in seeing that the forefront of genetic research is presented in the Society's Journal. TheJournal under Charlie's stewardship has devoted an increasing number of pages to molecular genetics, while at the same time encouraging the publication of high-quality articles on clinical genetics, population and statistical genetics, as well as on the ethical issues that are becoming increasingly vexing and difficult to resolve. The diversity of Journal articles mirrors the diversity of our Society. The unconscionable attack on Charlie is, in one sense, an attack on all of us, even though we do not know the motive for selecting him rather than a number of other scientists or geneticists. The attack on David Gelernter is equally mystifying and reprehensible. As I just said, we do not know whether the attack was motivated by Charlie's association with genetics and whether David was mistaken for his brother Joel, who is also a geneticist. Despite these attacks, we must maintain our resolve to continue our research efforts, which have flourished in the last decade as never before. As members of the Society know, we, along with other involved groups, have been asked by the FBI to pledge our money toward a reward of $1,000,000.00 that would be given to an individual who supplied the critical information leading to the arrest and conviction of the perpetrator of these crimes. To date the Society has pledges of over $15,000.00; other organiza-
Respecting Relations: Memory Access and Antecedent Retrieval in Incremental Sentence Processing

Title of dissertation: RESPECTING RELATIONS: MEMORY ACCESS AND ANTECEDENT RETRIEVAL IN INCREMENTAL SENTENCE PROCESSING Dave W. Kush, Doctor of Philosophy, 2013 Dissertation directed by: Professor Colin Phillips Department of Linguistics This dissertation uses the processing of anaphoric relations to probe how linguistic information is encoded in and retrieved from memory during real-time sentence comprehension. More specifically, the dissertation attempts to resolve a tension between the demands of a linguistic processor implemented in a general-purpose cognitive architecture and the demands of abstract grammatical constraints that govern language use. The source of the tension is the role that abstract configurational relations (such as c-command, Reinhart 1983) play in constraining computations. Anaphoric dependencies are governed by formal grammatical constraints stated in terms of relations. For example, Binding Principle A (Chomsky 1981) requires that antecedents for local anaphors (like the English reciprocal each other) bear the c-command relation to those anaphors. In incremental sentence processing, antecedents of anaphors must be retrieved from memory. Recent research has motivated a model of processing that exploits a cue-based, associative retrieval process in content-addressable memory (e.g. Lewis, Vasishth & Van Dyke 2006) in which relations such as c-command are difficult to use as cues for retrieval. As such, the c-command constraints of formal grammars are predicted to be poorly implemented by the retrieval mechanism. I examine retrieval’s sensitivity to three constraints on anaphoric dependencies: Principle A (via Hindi local reciprocal licensing), the Scope Constraint on bound-variable pronoun licensing (often stated as a c-command constraint, though see Barker 2012), and Crossover constraints on pronominal binding (Postal 1971, Wasow 1972). The data suggest that retrieval exhibits fidelity to the constraints: structurally inaccessible NPs that match an anaphoric element in morphological features do not interfere with the retrieval of an antecedent in most cases considered. In spite of this alignment, I argue that retrieval’s apparent sensitivity to c-command constraints need not motivate a memory access procedure that makes direct reference to c-command relations. Instead, proxy features and general parsing operations conspire to mimic the extension of a system that respects c-command constraints. These strategies provide a robust approximation of grammatical performance while remaining within the confines of a independentlymotivated general-purpose cognitive architecture. RESPECTING RELATIONS: MEMORY ACCESS AND ANTECEDENT RETRIEVAL IN INCREMENTAL SENTENCE PROCESSING
In Planta Microsphere-Based Lateral Flow Leaf Biosensor in Maize

Low-cost and quick detection of biotic stresses is critically important for protection of staple food crops such as maize in smallholder farms in developing countries, where access to improved seed varieties, fertilizers, and pesticides is limited due to financial and geographical reasons. Here, we report a new lateral flow detection technology directly integrated in a maize leaf, in which microspheres conjugated with analyte-specific capture antibodies are non-invasively injected. The antibody-conjugated microspheres capture and detect an analyte in a concentration-specific manner. In this study, we optimized microsphere size for effective infiltration and immobilization in the leaf, and further demonstrated detection of a fluorescent mock biomarker, fluorescein, in a live maize plant. This in planta lateral flow biosensor is the first of its kind and is expected to provide a low-cost and user-friendly detection method for biotic stresses in the field.