Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time-Motion Characteristics and Physiological Responses of Para-Footballers With Cerebral Palsy in Two Small-Sided Games and a Simulated Game.

This study compared physical performance in a group of international cerebral palsy football players during two formats of small-sided games (SSGs) and performance in a simulated game (SG) according to players' sport classes (FT1, FT2, and FT3). Internal load (heart rate and rating of perceived exertion) and external load (total distance, distance covered at different velocities, maximum speed reached, acceleration, and deceleration) were obtained with global positioning system devices during two formats of SSGs (2-a-side/SSG2 and 4-a-side/SSG4) and an SG (7-a-side). SSG2 demands faster actions compared with SSG4/SG, and significant differences and large effect sizes were found in the distance covered in Speed Zones 5 (16.0-17.9 km/hr) and 6 (>18.0 km/hr; p < .05; .35<ηp2<.50, large). Lower moderate accelerations and decelerations per minute in SSG4/SG compared with SSG2 were also found (p < .01; .77<ηp2<.81, large). In the SSG2 task, the FT3 players reached maximum speeds, covered more distance at the highest intensities, and performed more moderate/high accelerations/decelerations and more sprints compared with FT1 and FT2 players (p < .05; -0.85 < dg < -4.64, large). The SSG2 task could be the best option for discriminating physical demands in important variables for cerebral palsy football performance between classes FT3 versus FT1/FT2.
Electron Diffraction Study of the Local Atomic Arrangement in Amorphous Tellurium Films

Amorphous thin films of tellurium have been prepared by condensation on the substrate at liquid helium or nitrogen temperature in high vacuum, and a transmission electron diffraction study of these films has been undertaken. Diffraction patterns of such films show diffuse halos, which are characteristic of a highly disordered structure. A radial distribution analysis has been carried out in order to investigate the local atomic arrangement in the films. The result leads to the conclusion that the atoms in the films are arranged in short chains. Amorphe dunne Tellurschichten werden im Hochvakuum bei der Temperatur des flussigen Heliums oder Stickstoffs auf dem Substrat kondensiert und Elektronenbeugungsuntersuchungen der Schichten durchgefuhrt. Die Beugungsdiagramme der aufgedampften Schichten zeigen diffuse Halos, die fur stark ungeordnete Strukturen charakteristisch sind. Eine Analyse der radialen Verteilung wurde durchgefuhrt, um die Nahordnung eines Atoms in den Schichten zu untersuchen. Aus der gewonnenen Atoinverteilungskurve wird geschlossen, das die Telluratome in kurzen Ketten angeordnet sind.
Concurrent Continuous Versus Bandwidth Visual Feedback With Varying Body Representation for the 2-Legged Squat Exercise.

CONTEXT Continuous visual feedback (VF) can improve abilities to achieve desired movements and maximize rehabilitation outcomes by displaying actual versus target body positions in real time. Bandwidth VF reduces the reliance on feedback by displaying movement cues only when performance errors exceed specified thresholds. As such, bandwidth VF may better train independent movement abilities through greater development of intrinsic body control. In this study, continuous and bandwidth VF were investigated across modes of display (abstract and representative) that differed in body-discernibility. OBJECTIVE To compare the performance of the 2-legged squat during training with concurrent feedback (real-time VF) and short-term retention (immediately after training, VF removed). DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING University research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Eighteen healthy individuals. METHODS Marker-based motion capture displayed real-time position. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Four VF cases (continuous-abstract, bandwidth-abstract, continuous-representative, and bandwidth-representative) were evaluated for accuracy and consistency to a target trajectory and target depth. RESULTS During training, both continuous VF cases showed significantly (P < .05) higher accuracy and consistency to the target trajectory compared with both bandwidth VF cases. Bandwidth VF resulted in greater potential learning (retention performance relative to a training baseline) compared with continuous-abstract. CONCLUSIONS Continuous-representative may offer unique performance benefits in both training and retention of multisegment movement tasks. Bandwidth VF showed greater potential for learning. For long-term learning, an optimal VF paradigm should consider continuous-representative with bandwidth features.
The effect of Xenin25 on spontaneous circular muscle contractions of rat distal colon in vitro

Xenin25 has a variety of physiological functions in the Gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including ion transport and motility. However, the motility responses in the colon induced by Xenin25 remain poorly understood. Therefore, the effect of Xenin25 on the spontaneous circular muscle contractions of the rat distal colon was investigated using organ bath chambers and immunohistochemistry. Xenin25 induced the inhibition followed by postinhibitory spontaneous contractions with a higher frequency in the rat distal colon. This inhibitory effect of Xenin25 was significantly suppressed by TTX but not by atropine. The inhibitory time (the duration of inhibition) caused by Xenin25 was shortened by the NTSR1 antagonist SR48692, the NK1R antagonist CP96345, the VPAC2 receptor antagonist PG99‐465, the nitric oxide‐sensitive guanylate‐cyclase inhibitor ODQ, and the Ca2+‐dependent K+ channel blocker apamin. The higher frequency of postinhibitory spontaneous contractions induced by Xenin25 was also attenuated by ODQ and apamin. SP‐, NOS‐, and VIP‐immunoreactive neurons were detected in the myenteric plexus (MP) of the rat distal colon. Small subsets of the SP‐positive neurons were also Calbindin positive. Most of the VIP‐positive neurons were also NOS positive, and small subsets of the NK1R‐positive neurons were also VIP positive. Based on the present results, we propose the following mechanism. Xenin25 activates neuronal NTSR1 on the SP neurons of IPANs, and transmitters from the VIP and apamin‐sensitive NO neurons synergistically inhibit the spontaneous circular muscle contractions via NK1R. Subsequently, the postinhibitory spontaneous contractions are induced by the offset of apamin‐sensitive NO neuron activation via the interstitial cells of Cajal. In addition, Xenin25 also activates the muscular NTSR1 to induce relaxation. Thus, Xenin25 is considered to be an important modulator of post prandial circular muscle contraction of distal colon since the release of Xenin25 from enteroendocrine cells is stimulated by food intake.
Molecular mechanisms of assembly and TRIP13-mediated remodeling of the human Shieldin complex

Significance We report on X-ray and cryo-EM structural studies on the assembly of the human Shieldin complex composed of SHLD2, SHLD3, and REV7, as well as its complex with bound TRIP13 toward understanding the principles underlying TRIP13-mediated disassembly of Shieldin. Our studies identify a conformational heterodimeric alignment of open (O) and closed (C) conformers of REV7 when bound to a fused SHLD2–SHLD3 construct. The AAA+ ATPase TRIP13 captures the N terminus of C-REV7 (REVNT) within its central hexameric channel, with the rotatory motion associated with sequential ATP hydrolysis within individual TRIP13 subunits. This facilitates the stepwise pulling of the REV7NT through the central channel, resulting in initial disassembly of C-REV7 followed by dissociation of the Shieldin complex. The Shieldin complex, composed of REV7, SHLD1, SHLD2, and SHLD3, protects DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) to promote nonhomologous end joining. The AAA+ ATPase TRIP13 remodels Shieldin to regulate DNA repair pathway choice. Here we report crystal structures of human SHLD3–REV7 binary and fused SHLD2–SHLD3–REV7 ternary complexes, revealing that assembly of Shieldin requires fused SHLD2–SHLD3 induced conformational heterodimerization of open (O-REV7) and closed (C-REV7) forms of REV7. We also report the cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the ATPγS-bound fused SHLD2–SHLD3–REV7–TRIP13 complexes, uncovering the principles underlying the TRIP13-mediated disassembly mechanism of the Shieldin complex. We demonstrate that the N terminus of REV7 inserts into the central channel of TRIP13, setting the stage for pulling the unfolded N-terminal peptide of C-REV7 through the central TRIP13 hexameric channel. The primary interface involves contacts between the safety-belt segment of C-REV7 and a conserved and negatively charged loop of TRIP13. This process is mediated by ATP hydrolysis-triggered rotatory motions of the TRIP13 ATPase, thereby resulting in the disassembly of the Shieldin complex.
Endovascular treatment of extracranial carotid artery aneurysms using self-expandable covered stent grafts: A single center retrospective study

Objectives This study was aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of endovascular treatment of extracranial carotid artery aneurysms (ECAAs) using self-expandable covered stent grafts. Methods All patients with ECAA at a single institution were reviewed from February 2014 to February 2020. Eight consecutive patients (three men, mean age 64.5 years) treated with endovascular repair with self-expandable covered stent graft were retrospectively reviewed. Patient characteristics, angiographic results, and follow-up outcomes were retrospectively recorded. Access to ECAA was gained via a femoral approach or a direct puncture of common carotid artery after surgical exposure because of kinking of the aortic arch and common carotid artery. A self-expandable covered stent graft (Viabahn; W. L. Gore, Flagstaff, AZ) was deployed to exclude the aneurysm. Results Based on imaging features, there were five peudoaneurysms and three true aneurysms. The technical success rate was 100%. Cerebral protection devices were not used in all the patients during the procedures. Immediate absolute obliteration of the ECAA with no endoleak was documented in all the patients. Perioperative complications included one internal carotid-cavernous sinus fistula, one bleeding at the puncture site, and one stroke. The mean follow-up period was 35.5 months (range, 9–72 months). All the patients were alive, with an obligation rate of 100%. No transient ischemia attack, stroke, or reoccurrence of symptoms was identified during the follow-up period. Radiological examinations identified patency of the stent grafts and revealed no endoleaks, stent fracture, stent migration, or aneurysm rupture. Conclusions Endovascular treatment of ECAAs with self-expandable covered stent grafts appears to be a safe and feasible alternative for traditional open surgery, especially in the challenging anatomy and instable physical conditions. Although cerebrovascular accidents can occur as the result of hemodynamic changes during the perioperative period, the minimal alternative can yield satisfactory midterm follow-up clinical outcomes.
Inter-rater sleep stage scoring reliability between manual scoring from two European sleep centers and automatic scoring performed by the artificial intelligence-based Stanford-STAGES algorithm.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To evaluate inter-rater reliability (IRR) between manual sleep stage scoring performed in two European sleep centers and automatic sleep stage scoring performed by the previously validated artificial intelligence-based Stanford-STAGES algorithm (Stephansen et al., 2018). METHODS Full night polysomnographies of 1066 participants were included. Sleep stages were manually scored in Berlin and Innsbruck sleep centers and automatically scored with the Stanford-STAGES algorithm. For each participant, we compared 1) Innsbruck to Berlin scorings (INN vs BER); 2) Innsbruck to automatic scorings (INN vs AUTO); 3) Berlin to automatic scorings (BER vs AUTO); 4) epochs where scorers from Innsbruck and Berlin had consensus to automatic scoring (CONS vs AUTO); and 5) both Innsbruck and Berlin manual scorings (MAN) to the automatic ones (MAN vs AUTO). IRR was evaluated with several measures, including overall and sleep stage-specific Cohen's kappa (κ). RESULTS Overall agreement across participants was substantial for INN vs BER (κ=0.66±0.13), INN vs AUTO (κ=0.68±0.14), CONS vs AUTO (κ=0.73±0.14) and MAN vs AUTO (κ=0.61±0.14), and moderate for BER vs AUTO (κ=0.55±0.15). Human scorers had the highest disagreement for N1 sleep (κN1=0.40±0.16 for INN vs BER). Automatic scoring had lowest agreement with manual scorings for N1 and N3 sleep (κN1=0.25±0.14 and κN3=0.42±0.32 for MAN vs AUTO). CONCLUSIONS IRR for sleep stage scoring between human scorers was in line with previous findings and the algorithm achieved an overall substantial agreement with manual scoring. In this cohort, the Stanford-STAGES algorithm showed similar performances to the ones achieved in the original study, suggesting that it is generalizable to new cohorts. Before its integration in clinical practice, future independent studies should further evaluate it in other cohorts.
Oral Health-Related Risk Factors Among Students in Southeast Serbia

Background An association between insufficient or irregular oral hygiene with the occurrence of dental caries, gingival/periodontal diseases, and consequently general diseases has been established. The null hypothesis that there is no difference in the oral health status among students in a preclinical medical program and those who went through a clinical medical program was tested. The main objective of the study was to analyze oral health risk factors (oral hygiene practices, attitudes, and behavior) as well as their impact on oral health by using convenience sampling. Material/Methods We investigated risk factors for oral health conditions by examining oral hygiene practices, attitudes, and behaviors among the students in the medical program of the University of Niš, collecting data using questionnaires. The study included 396 students of medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, and vocational studies. Participants filled out the anonymous questionnaire. Results In both groups, parents were mostly employed, with the representation of employed fathers significantly higher in student group 1 (P<0.05), which is also the only statistically significant difference between the groups. In terms of oral hygiene practices, students were most often trained by parents (68.69%). A very high percentage of students brushed their teeth every day (97.22%), and 54.55% did this twice a day. Of the total number of students, 78.28% thought that it was necessary to use interdental brushes/floss/toothpick. The duration of teeth cleaning was 3 minutes in 39.39%, whereas 55.30% thought that it should be longer than 3 minutes. The most common brushing movements were combined movements and were used by 60.35% of all students. Of all students, 253 (63.89%) never smoked, 182 (49.96%) regularly went to the dentist, and 141 (35.61%) visited the dentist 6 months ago. The majority of students, 265 (66.92%), obtained the greatest amount of information about oral and tooth care from their dentist, which was the case in both age groups. Conclusions This study highlights oral health risk factors among students at the University of Niš. It is essential to determine their oral health knowledge, as it is of great significance both to patients and to students. Also, these students will be the major providers of health services and will be responsible for public oral health promotion. It could help in reformation of the oral health education program. The results of this research indicate that it is necessary to educate preclinical students to solve oral health issues.
Abnormal fucosylation of alpha‐fetoprotein in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a risk factor for nonvirus‐related hepatocellular carcinoma, which is increasing in prevalence. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical application of fucosylated alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP‐L3) in the process of nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) disease development.
Access to Technology and Preferences for an mHealth Intervention to Promote Medication Adherence in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Approach Leveraging Behavior Change Techniques

Background Suboptimal adherence to 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) is prevalent in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and associated with increased risk of relapse. Rapid uptake of personal technology makes mobile health (mHealth) an attractive platform to promote adherence. Objective Study objectives were to examine access to mobile technology and preferences for an mHealth intervention to improve medication adherence in pediatric ALL. Methods A cross-sectional survey was administered in oncology clinic to parents of children with ALL as well as adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with ALL receiving maintenance chemotherapy. Results A total of 49 parents (median age [IQR] 39 [33-42] years; female 76% [37/49]) and 15 patients (median age [IQR] 17 [16-19]; male 80% [12/15]) participated. All parents and AYAs owned electronic tablets, smartphones, or both. Parents’ most endorsed mHealth app features included a list of medications (71%, 35/49), information about 6-MP (71%, 35/49), refill reminders (71%, 35/49), and reminders to take 6-MP (71%, 35/49). AYAs' most endorsed features included refill reminders (73%, 11/15), reminders to take 6-MP (73%, 11/15), and tracking 6-MP (73%, 11/15). Conclusions Parents and AYAs reported ubiquitous access to mobile technology and strong interest in multiple adherence-specific mHealth app features. Parents and AYAs provided valuable insight into preferred features for a multifunctional behavioral intervention (mHealth app) to promote medication adherence in pediatric ALL.
A Solution Processable D‐A‐D Molecule based on Thiazolothiazole for High Performance Organic Solar Cells

A IO N Due to the potential advantages of low cost, light weight, flexibility, and large area fabrication, bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells have attracted much attention. [1–4] The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on blends of polymer donors and fullerene acceptors have reached 7–8%. [5–9] Although the highest PCE of solutionprocessed organic small molecule solar cells (OSCs) was still lower than their polymeric counterparts, the advantages of well defined molecular structure, definite molecular weight, and high purity without batch to batch variations render small molecule-based OSCs a promising field. [10–13] Among the small molecules with high photovotaic performance, the widely used donor building blocks mainly involve triphenylamine (TPA) and thiophene;[14,15] and acceptor building units include diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP),[16,17] benzothiadiazole (BT),[18–21] squaraine,[22,23] dicyanovinyl,[24–27] perylene diimide,[28] etc.[29–31] Up to now, solution processed OSCs based on small molecules with PCEs > 4% remain rare. [17,21,32–34] Most of the small molecule-based BHJ solar cells exhibited PCEs lower than 3%. Thiazolothiazole (TT) has a rigid and coplanar fused ring, and thereby ensures highly extended π-electron system and strong π-stacking. As a result, conjugated small molecules and polymers based on thiazolothiazole exhibited high charge carrier mobilities. [35–37] Recently, several thiazolothiazole-based copolymers were synthesized for PSC applications, and PCEs up to 5.59% were reported. [38–43] However, to our knowledge, there have been no reports on TT-based small molecules for application in organic solar cells. Here we report synthesis and characterization of a new linear, D-A-D organic small molecule with TPA as donor (D) unit, thiophene as bridge, and thiazolothiazole as acceptor unit, (TT-TTPA, Scheme 1). Solution processed solar cells based on blend of TT-TTPA and PC71BM afforded a PCE as high as 3.73% after thermal annealing. The synthetic route of compound TT-TTPA is shown in Scheme 1. Stille coupling reaction between 2,5-bis(3-dodecyl5-trimethylstannyl-thiophen-2-yl)-thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole[36]
Intranasal fusion inhibitory lipopeptide prevents direct-contact SARS-CoV-2 transmission in ferrets

Halting transmission The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) glycoprotein binds to host cells and initiates membrane fusion and cell infection. This stage in the virus life history is currently a target for drug inhibition. De Vries et al. designed highly stable lipoprotein fusion inhibitors complementary to a conserved repeat in the C terminus of S that integrate into host cell membranes and inhibit conformational changes in S necessary for membrane fusion. The authors tested the performance of the lipoproteins as a preexposure prophylactic in a ferret-to-ferret transmission study. Intranasal administration of the peptide 2 days before cohousing with an infected ferret for 24 hours completely protected animals in contact from infection and showed efficacy against mutant viruses. Because ferrets do not get sick from SARS-CoV-2, disease prevention could not be tested in this model. Science, this issue p. 1379 A dimeric form of a SARS-CoV-2–derived lipopeptide is a potent inhibitor of fusion and infection in vitro and transmission in vivo. Containment of the COVID-19 pandemic requires reducing viral transmission. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is initiated by membrane fusion between the viral and host cell membranes, which is mediated by the viral spike protein. We have designed lipopeptide fusion inhibitors that block this critical first step of infection and, on the basis of in vitro efficacy and in vivo biodistribution, selected a dimeric form for evaluation in an animal model. Daily intranasal administration to ferrets completely prevented SARS-CoV-2 direct-contact transmission during 24-hour cohousing with infected animals, under stringent conditions that resulted in infection of 100% of untreated animals. These lipopeptides are highly stable and thus may readily translate into safe and effective intranasal prophylaxis to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
Transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus closure: what have we learned after over 25 years? A single-center experience with 1036 patients.

BACKGROUND Transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure has become the first method of treatment in the majority of patients; however, the device selection remains an open question. AIMS To analyze peri-procedural and one-year outcomes of PDA transcatheter closure with different devices throughout over a 25-year period at a single center. METHODS All 1036 patients who underwent transcatheter PDA closure from 1993 to 2020 were included in retrospective analysis. Different devices were used: Rashkind device (RD, n = 25); coils (n = 469); nitinol duct occluders type I (DO I, n = 300), II (n = 32), II additional sizes (ADO II AS, n = 209), and off-label devices: vascular plugs, atrial septal and muscular VSD occluders (n = 17). Data on 24-hour and one-year follow-up was available for 100% and 78.9% of patients, respectively. RESULTS The procedure was successful in 98.6% of patients with major complication rate of 0.2%. Complete PDA closure after a year was observed in 81.8% of RD, 93.7% of coils and 100% of duct occluders. There were no differences between Amplatzer DO I (n = 159) and its Chinese-made DO I copies (n = 141) in regards to success, efficacy and complication rates. Recently, ADO II AS has replaced coils and become the preferred device to close small-to-moderate PDA. CONCLUSIONS Transcatheter PDA closure with all types of nitinol duct occluders is safe and effective, with no residual shunting at one-year follow-up. Due to higher efficacy, ADO II AS has replaced coils to treat smaller PDA.