Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Mount St. Helens Volcanic Eruption of 18 May 1980: Large Short-Term Surface Temperature Effects

The surface temperature effects of the 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens Volcano were examinedfor 1 day immediately after the eruption; 24-hour temperature differences and Model Output Statistics errors as well as the detailed temporal evolution of surface temperature at selected stations were used. During the daytime hours immediately after the eruption, the temperature was suppressed by the volcanic plume by as much as 8�C. That night, low-level volcanic dust produced temperature enhancements of up to 8�C. These effects quickly diminished the next day as the volcanic dust cloud dissipated and moved toward the east. The net local effect of the eruption appears to be warming, in contrast to cooling which might be expected over climatic time scales.
The Genetics and Physiology of Self-Sterility in the Genus Capsella.

H E oppositional factor hypothesis of EAST and MANGELSDORF (1925) T and FILZER (1926) will account for the genetics of self-sterility in many species of plants, particularly those of the Solanaceae and Scrophulariaceae. When two cross-fertile plants are mated normally, either four intra-sterile, inter-fertile classes will result all of which will be fertile with both parents, or only two such classes will be produced of which one will be fertile with both parents while the other will be fertile with the mother and sterile with the father; in either case, the classes will be of the same size. The class of the mother is never represented in the offspring. Therefore, reciprocal crosses are never alike. Self-sterility in these species is controlled by three or more allelic genes, usually designated s', s2, s3, etc. Two only are present in the tissues of the style of a normal diploid plant; and when a pollen grain which bears either one of the two is placed upon the stigma, its pollen tube does not grow sufficiently rapidly to reach the ovules before the flower withers. On the other hand, when a pollen grain which carries a self-sterility gene different from either one in the style is placed upon the stigma, growth of the tube proceeds a t an accelerated rate and fertilization takes place. There are other species of plants which are self-sterile but in which the behavior of the intra-sterile, inter-fertile classes is different from that in the species of the Solanaceae and Scrophulariaceae which have been investigated. The author (RILEY 1932) showed that Capsella (Bursa) grandiflora definitely does not behave as it should if the same type of s factors controlled self-sterility. In that paper, a possible genetic scheme was suggested, but further work indicates that it must be modified. CORRENS (1912) had described a case of self-sterility in Cardamine pratensis, a plant which belongs to the same family as Capsella. He found that two crossfertile plants produced four intra-sterile, inter-fertile classes; one was sterile with the mother and fertile with the father, another was just the opposite, a third was fertile with both parents and the fourth was sterile with both. The results in Capsella which were reported earlier seemed to indicate an analogy with the situation in Cardamine. In most families,
The physiology and metabolism of Campylobacter jejuni and Helicobacter pylori

Although closely related phylogenetically and sharing many phenotypic similarities, Campylobacter jejuni and Helicobacter pylori are distinct in some major aspects of their physiology and metabolism. In this paper, comparative aspects of the physiology of these pathogens is discussed in the light of recent biochemical and genome sequence data. Campylobacter jejuni is emerging as a more versatile and metabolically active pathogen, with a complete citric acid cycle, and a complex and highly branched respiratory chain which allows both aerobic and anaerobic respiration with a variety of alternative electron acceptors. These properties enable it to survive in a number of environments in addition to the mammalian or avian gut. In vivo, anaerobic growth of C. jejuni could be an important factor allowing intestinal colonization. Helicobacter pylori is a more specialized pathogen, largely restricted to the human stomach, with a unique combination of virulence factors, an incomplete citric acid cycle, a simpler respiratory chain with only a single terminal oxidase and fewer regulatory systems. Both bacteria are microaerophiles and, while there is likely to be no single explanation for their oxygen sensitivity, there is evidence that the possession of oxygen-sensitive enzymes and an increased sensitivity to oxidative stress play an important role.
Gate stack solutions in gate-first FDSOI technology to meet high performance, low leakage, VT centering and reliability criteria

A unique gate stack solution has been found in gate-first FDSOI to meet at the same time high performance, low leakage, V<sub>T</sub> centering and reliability criteria for NMOS and PMOS with T<sub>inv</sub>=12. 5Å and 14Å, respectively. Trade-offs between those characteristics are highlighted in this paper through process knob variations, including the interfacial layer (IL) formation, the IL surface treatment and the drive-in anneal temperature. The path allowing the construction of both low-V<sub>T</sub> high speed logic, reaching 7.2ps/stg FO3 ring oscillator delay at V<sub>nom</sub>=0.8V, and high-V<sub>T</sub> low leakage SRAM, achieving 3pA/cell standby leakage at V<sub>nom</sub>=0.8V, is demonstrated through gate workfunction engineering and gate leakage optimization. On top of this result, 5 years BTI and 10 years TDDB reliability lifetime were qualified at V<sub>max</sub>=0.945V, 125°C.
Cellular Targeting of Engineered Heterologous Antigens Is a Determinant Factor for Bovine Herpesvirus 4-Based Vaccine Vector Development

ABSTRACT In a previous study, an apathogenic strain of bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) cloned as a bacterial artificial chromosome and expressing a chimeric peptide (gE2/gD) as a secreted form was described. Recombinant virus-inoculated animals produced antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) gE2 and BoHV-1 gD. However, neutralizing antibodies were produced only against BVDV, not against BoHV-1. In the present work a recombinant BoHV-4 expressing a membrane-linked form of gE2/gD chimeric peptide was constructed, and inoculated rabbits produced serum-neutralizing antibodies against both BVDV and BoHV-1. Protein cell sorting and targeting are a very important issue when immunodominant antigens are engineered for recombinant virus vaccine development.
Hepatoportal sclerosis: CT and MRI appearance with histopathologic correlation.

OBJECTIVE The purposes of this study were to describe the spectrum of cross-sectional imaging findings of pathologically proven hepatoportal sclerosis and to compare the features of advanced and nonadvanced hepatoportal sclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen patients with a histopathologic diagnosis of hepatoportal sclerosis who had concurrent MRI or CT images participated in the study. The following imaging features were assessed: presence of liver nodularity and liver lesions, portal vein patency, presence and degree of portal hypertension, liver volume, and caudate-to-right lobe ratio. These features were compared between patients who underwent transplant and those who did not. RESULTS The 18 patients (11 men and one boy, six women; mean age, 46.5 years) had hepatoportal sclerosis confirmed with liver biopsy (14 patients) or explant (four patients). Fourteen patients underwent contrast-enhanced MRI, and five underwent CT. The imaging findings were as follows: liver surface nodularity, five patients (all four transplant, one nontransplant) (p = 0.0016); evidence of portal hypertension, 17 patients; increased caudate-to-right lobe ratio, 16 patients; high periportal signal intensity on T2-weighted images, six patients; portal vein occlusion with cavernous transformation, five patients. The transplant patients had smaller pretransplant liver volume than did nontransplant patients (p < 0.04). CONCLUSION Hepatoportal sclerosis is characterized by caudate lobe hypertrophy and right hepatic lobe atrophy, preserved liver volume, and lack of the liver nodularity associated with portal hypertension. In advanced cases, liver nodularity and atrophy produce an imaging appearance indistinguishable from that of cirrhosis.
The Prisoner's Dilemma and polymorphism in yeast SUC genes

The SUC multigene family of the single–celled yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is polymorphic, with genes varying both in number and activity. All of the genes encode invertase, an enzyme that is secreted to digest sucrose outside of the cell. This communal endeavour creates the potential for individual cells to defect (cheat) by stealing the sugar digested by their neighbours without contributing the enzyme themselves. We measured the fitness of a defector, with a deleted suc2 gene, relative to an otherwise isogenic cooperator, with a functional SUC2 gene. We manipulated the level of social interaction within the community by varying the population density and found that the defector is less fit than the cooperator at low levels of sociality but more fit in dense communities. We propose that selection for antisocial cheating causes SUC polymorphism in nature. The infamous Prisoner's Dilemma game shows that social behaviour is generally unstable, and the success of both cooperation and defection can vary continuously in time and space. The variation in SUC genes reflects constant adaptation to an ever–changing biotic environment that is a consequence of the instability of cooperation. It is interesting that social interactions can have a direct effect on molecular evolution, even in an organism as simple as yeast.
Cytotoxicity evaluation of a new fast set highly viscous conventional glass ionomer cement with L929 fibroblast cell line

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the cytotoxicity of a new fast set highly viscous conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) with L929 fibroblasts. Materials and Methods: The cement capsule was mixed and introduced into a paraffin wax mould. After setting, the cement was incubated in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium. Six replicates of the material extract were added to the culture medium in 96-well plates. L929 mouse fibroblast cells were added into the wells and then incubated for 48 h. Dimethylthiazol diphenyltetrazolium bromide test was performed for cytotoxicity evaluation. Results: The results showed that this GIC brand did not yield a half-maximal inhibitory concentration value, IC50, as the cell viability was above 50% at all concentrations. Cell viability over 90% was observed at the concentrations of 3.125 and 1.5625 mg/ml. Maximum concentration of the material showed cell viability of 59.4%. Conclusions: This new fast set highly viscous conventional GIC showed low cytotoxicity to mouse fibroblast cells, and it can be suggested as a substitute for dental cements exhibiting a long setting time.
Subcutaneous rupture of the triceps tendon with avulsion fracture of the olecranon spur

Dear Sir, Subcutaneous rupture of the distal end of the triceps tendon with an avulsion fracture is an uncommon injury. The most common mechanism of injury is a fall or direct blow to the elbow, associated with sports or accidents, and considerable force is required for a normal triceps tendon to rupture. We recently treated three cases of subcutaneous probable partial rupture of the triceps tendon with a probable fracture at the base of the olecranon spur caused by minor trauma. All patients were male military personnel, and their ages at injury were 45, 46, and 50 years. All were very active taking part in badminton, baseball, and Kendo (Japanese traditional fencing), respectively, for more than 20 years. They each had had a sore elbow for a couple of months before the injury, and in particular an olecranon spur was confirmed on radiographs in one. The first developed the rupture when training for badminton without a specific blow. The second slid into the home plate and touched the base with his hand without a blow to his elbow and the third felt elbow pain while he brought his bamboo sword down over his opponent’s face guard. A lateral radiograph revealed the bony fragment in each, and an MRI scan showed an incomplete rupture of the triceps tendon (Figure 1). As the patients were eager to resume their duties as soon as possible, we performed surgery. In each case, the bony fragment was partially connected to the triceps tendon, and the probable fracture had occurred at the base of the olecranon spur (Figure 2). The fragment was excised and the tendon was re-attached to the olecranon using suture anchors. All three patients returned to all previous activity within 3 months. Three previous reports have suggested that the fragment was an olecranon spur (Kaempffe and Lerner, 1996; Lee, 1960; Tarsney, 1972). The triceps tendon is broad and consists of two aponeurotic laminae that originate in the middle of the muscle. The osteophyte was formed under the superficial tendon, and the superficial common tendon can be disrupted from the base of the osteophyte. On the other hand, the deep part is a muscular tendon, and it is disrupted at the musculotendinous portion (Madsen et al., 2006). Contraction of the triceps could possibly directly retract the tip of the olecranon spur and bend the osteophyte from the base of the olecranon with elbow flexion. This study was approved by the Ethical Committee, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan. The approval number is #792.
Use of an extraretinal signal by monkey superior colliculus neurons to distinguish real from self-induced stimulus movement.

1. In order to see whether cells in the superficial layers of the monkey superior colliculus can differentiate between real stimulus movement and self-induced stimulus movement we compared the discharge of these cells to stimulus movement in front of the stationary eye with stimulus movement generated by eye movements across a stationary stimulus. 2. Most of the cells recorded (65% of 231 cells) responded to stimulus velocities in front of the stationary eye as fast as those occurring during the peak velocity of a saccadic eye movement. Those cells that do respond usually have weak inhibitory regions and tend to have receptive fields further from fovea. 3. Move (61% of 105 cells) of the cells that did respond to rapid stimulus movement did not respond when an eye movement swept the receptive field over a stationary stimulus. 4. About half of these cells differentiated between these stimulus conditions when we used stimuli at least 1 log unit above background illumination; the remaining cells differentiated for stimuli 2 and 3 log units above background. Many cells differentiated between the two stimulus conditions over a wide range of directions of movement and the effect appears with about equal frequency in receptive fields at all distances from the fovea. 5. The differentiation is present for most cells even when the background illumination is reduced, indicating that visual factors are not the cause of the effect on these cells but may modify the response of other cells. 6. The suppression of background activity accompanying eye movements in the light is present following eye movements made in total darkness; the suppression, therefore, must result from an extraretinal signal. 4. The failure of these cells to respond to visual stimulation during eye movements is due to the same extraretinal signal that produces the suppression since a) the cells that show this suppression tend to be those that fail to respond to stimuli during eye movements, b) the time course of the suppression matches the time at which the effects of visual stimulation during an eye movement would reach the colliculus, and c) the cells which differentiate also show a decreased responsiveness to visual stimulation during the time of background suppression. While this extraretinal signal has the characteristics one would expect of a corollary discharge, proprioception as a source of the signal cannot be excluded. 8. Cells which differentiate between the two stimulus conditions usually also show an enhanced response to a visual stimulus in their receptive field when it is to be the target for a saccadic eye movement. These cells in the superior colliculus receive an extraretinal input which permits them to differentiate betweent real stimulus movements and stimulus movements resulting from the monkey's own eye movements. This differentiation would provide an uncontaminated visual movement signal and facilitate the detection of real movement in the environment.
A unified approach to coordination planning and control of trajectories for robot manipulators

This paper presents a unified approach to coordination planning and control of trajectories for robot manipulators. The generalized robot pose is defined as the robot configuration consisting of both its position and orientation. The unified treatment for the position and orientation of the end-effector is based on the robot pose ruled surface that is formed as a 3-D motion locus of its configuration vector. The coordination planning and control of pose trajectories is accomplished by generating and optimizing the pose ruled surface under the constraints of kinematics and dynamics performances, and controlling the motion laws of two end points of the orientation vector and calculating the coordinates of instantaneous corresponding points. The simulation of Puma 560 robot is given to verify the feasibility of the proposed approach and demonstrate the capabilities of generation and control models.
Fast Scheduling for Delay Minimization in UWB Wireless Networks

We study the optimal scheduling problem for delay minimization subject to traffic demand, transmit power and Signal-to-Noise-plus-Interference Ratio (SNIR) constraints in rate-controlled Ultra-Wideband (UWB) wireless networks. We first formulate the Linear Programming (LP) problem where the number of variables is exponential in the number of the links. We then propose the heuristic algorithm called Exclusion Region and Utility Maximization based Column Generation Method (EXUM-CGM) to solve the problem rapidly and efficiently. In EXUM-CGM, we decompose the large scale problem into two sub-problems, Restricted Master Problem (RMP) and Pricing Problem (PP). We adapt the exclusion region concept commonly used in UWB systems to the initialization of the RMP. Since the PP formulation is a non-linear integer programming problem, we propose a heuristic algorithm based on utility maximization. Through the simulations, we show that EXUM-CGM decreases the runtime of the exponential LP problem significantly while achieving very close-to-optimal solutions.
Liquid flow through monolayers of cultured Madin‐Darby canine kidney cells

The rate of liquid flow per unit area (Jv/A) through Madin‐Darby canine kidney cell monolayers has been studied at temperatures between 0 and 38 degrees C and at transmonolayer hydrostatic pressures between 14 and 44 cmH2O. Jv/A decreased exponentially with time during application of a constant pressure to the free surface of each monolayer. This behaviour resembles the sealing of cultured vascular endothelium. For monolayers sealed between 33–38 degrees C and 30–33 cmH2O, the mean (+/− S.E.M.) half‐time (t1/2) of sealing was 228 (+/− 88) s (n = 6). The decrease in Jv/A during sealing can be expressed as a fraction of the initial Jv/A. Between 33‐38 degrees C and 30–33 cmH2O, the mean (+/− S.E.M.) sealing fraction was 0.58 (+/− 0.06; n = 6). Mean sealing t1/2 was longer at lower temperatures, and longer for glutaraldehyde‐fixed than for unfixed monolayers, but did not vary with transmonolayer pressure. Sealing fraction was not affected by variations in temperature or transmonolayer pressure, or by glutaraldehyde fixation of monolayers. It is argued that sealing is a physical, rather than a biological, phenomenon and that monolayers have non‐linear mechanical properties.
Role of peptide structure in lipid-peptide interactions: high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry and electron spin resonance studies of the structural properties of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine membranes interacting with pentagastrin-related pentapeptides.

The effects of amino acid substitutions in the pentapeptide pentagastrin on the nature of its interactions with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) are assessed by differential scanning calorimetry and electron spin resonance. In two peptide analogues, the Asp at position 4 in pentagastrin (N-t-Boc-beta-Ala-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2) is replaced by Gly or Phe. These uncharged, more hydrophobic peptides have little effect on the transition temperature of DMPC, but they broaden the transition and lower the transition enthalpy as do integral membrane proteins. These peptides also mimic the behavior of integral membrane proteins in decreasing the order of a 5-doxylstearic acid spin probe below the transition temperature and in exhibiting a second immobilized lipid component using a 16-doxylstearic acid spin probe in DMPC. Three charged peptides were studied: pentagastrin, an analogue with positions 4 and 5 reversed (i.e., ending in Phe-Asp-NH2), and one with Asp replaced by Arg at position 4. All three of these charged peptides altered the phase transition behavior of DMPC to give two components, one above and one below the transition temperature of the pure lipid. With increasing peptide concentration, the higher melting transition became more prominent. The arginine-containing peptide produced the largest shifts in melting temperature followed by pentagastrin and then the "reversed" peptide. The arginine-containing peptide also increased the enthalpy of the transition. These peptides also increased the ordering of DMPC below the phase transition as measured with both 5- and 16-doxylstearic acid. The ordering effect was most pronounced with the arginine-containing peptide using the 5-doxylstearic acid probe. The results demonstrate that even the zwitterionic DMPC can interact more strongly with positively charged peptides than with negatively charged ones. In addition, peptide sequence as well as composition is important in determining the nature of peptide-lipid interactions. The markedly different effects of these pentagastrin peptides on the phase transition and motional properties of DMPC occur despite the similar depth of burial of these peptides with DMPC.