Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF ACARICIDES ON Calepitrimerus vitis (Nalepa, 1905) (ACARI: ERIOPHYIDAE) AND ON THE PRODUCTION OF VINEYARDS

The southernmost region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, has emerged as one of the major poles for fine grape production (Vitis vinifera) for wine processing. In this region, grapevine rust mite (Calepitrimerus vitis) is one of the major pests for the culture; however, information is lacking about production losses caused by this species and acaricides for its control. In this paper, the acaricide effect of azadarachtin, boron + nitrogen on orange peel oil, sulfur and spirodiclofen on C. vitis on Merlot cultivar commercial grapevine was evaluated and production losses caused by the presence of the mite were estimated. The experiment was conducted during the 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 growing seasons, comparing the infestation levels of C. vitis and phytoseiid mites on plants treated with acaricides by the use of sticky traps. The acaricides evaluated caused a significant drop in the population of C. vitis, and spirodiclofen was the most effective, followed by sulfur, while boron + nitrogen and azadarachtin were the less effective. The products evaluated did not affect the phytoseiid population present in the experimental area. The grape production in parcels treated with spirodiclofen was significantly greater (7.430 ± 871kg.ha-1) than in the uncontrolled parcel (6.074 ± 316kg.ha-1). Significant differences in the total sourness, pH, sugar percentage, and total sugar content of grapes between treated parcels and control were not observed. The control of C. vitis with spirodiclofen and sulfur is effective to reduce losses on yield and will not affect the population of Phytoseiids. The control of C. vitis should be carried out at the beginning of infestation with rotation of active ingredients.
THE EFFECT OF SUBSTITUTION BROKEN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA) FOR THE YELLOW CORN (ZEA MAYS) ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BROILER ROSS 308

This study was conducted to inspect the effects of substitution of Broken Rice in diet instead of yellow corn (Maize) on broiler productive performance. A total of 240 one day old chicks of commercial strain were used in this study, which were separately weighted and randomly spread into four treatments. Each treatment included 3 replicates (20 chicks/replicate). The treatments were as follows: Control (B1) (content 50% yellow corn + free of Broken Rice), Second (B2) substituted of 25% Broken Rice by yellow corn, Third (B3) substituted of 50% of Broken Rice by yellow corn, Fourth (B4) substituted of 75% of Broken Rice by yellow corn. The results showed that: the treatment (B1) included of 25% Broken Rice showed no significant differences as compared to control group (free of Broken Rice) in the percentage of live body weights, weights gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratios, Also no significant differences were shown among other Experimental treatments compared to control group in relative weights gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratios during the whole experimental period (8 – 35 days of age). This study indicated that the dietary Substitution levels of 25% of Broken Rice by yellow corn have beneficial effects on broiler productive performance.
Angiosperm Checklist of Espírito Santo: using electronic tools to improve the knowledge of an Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot

A checklist of angiosperm species for the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil is presented. A total of 6,204 native species was recorded, representing an increase of 16% in species richness for the area. Espirito Santo shelters 32% of the native species of Brazil's Atlantic Forest and holds 516 endemic species (8.3% of the total registered taxa for the State). Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae are the families with highest number of endemic species (142 spp. and 80 spp., respectively), followed by Myrtaceae (33 spp.), Melastomataceae (30 spp.), and Araceae (23 spp.). This paper represents an important landmark for future research in plant diversity in Espirito Santo, and highlights the importance of consulting online databases in order to update the knowledge presented by the Brazilian flora checklist.
Association between neotropical burrowing spiders (Araneae: Nemesiidae) and mites (Acari: Heterostigmata, Scutacaridae)

Whilst collecting burrowing spiders of the family Nemesiidae from 16 localities in Argentina, phoretic mites were found on Stenoterommata iguazu, Stenoterommata platense and Stenoterommata uruguai. These mites are described here: Scutacarus (S.) araneophilus n. sp. and Scutacarus (S.) adgregatus n. sp. Associations between spiders and scutacarids were not previously known. Aspects of the biology of the spiders and the interactions between mites and spiders are reported and discussed.
Year-round Greenhouse Production of Cut Sunflowers in the Rocky Mountain West

The objective of this study was to determine the potential for year-round greenhouse production of specialty cut sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) in Wyoming. Over a 14-month period, we produced cut sunflowers in a nontraditional, transplant-based, potted method using natural light intensity and daylength conditions in Laramie, WY. Three cultivars of annual sunflowers, Dafna, ProCut Bicolor, and Sunbright Supreme, were grown from seeds sown at 2-week intervals starting on 16 Nov. 2011. Each planting consisted of four replications of four plants each. Seedlings were transplanted into 550-mL square plastic pots 15 days after sowing and were placed on greenhouse benches in blocks according to sow date. Flowers were cut at soil level when ray florets opened. Data collected included days to harvest and stem length for each stem. Results indicated significant cultivar by sow date interactions for days to harvest and stem lengths, indicating the importance of cultivar selection. Mean days to harvest ranged from 57 days (‘Sunbright Supreme’) to 103 days (‘ProCut Bicolor’). Mean stem lengths ranged from 43 cm (‘Dafna’) to 153 cm (‘Sunbright Supreme’). Overall, the results of this study show potential for year-round production of cut sunflowers and can help guide producers in the Rocky Mountain west to choose cultivars that best fit the needs of their business and market demand.
Metabolic consequences of neuronal mitochondrial fission ablation

Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), the main mammalian mediator of mitochondrial fission, has an especially important role in neuronal development, such that its deletion gives rise to pre- or perinatal lethality. However, less is known about the need for Drp1 in adult neurons; this is relevant because inhibition of Drp1 could prevent pre-apoptotic mitochondrial fragmentation, and therefore be neuroprotective. In our mouse model, inducible Drp1 ablation in the forebrain of adult mice leads to swollen, perinuclearly aggregated mitochondria and to impaired synaptic transmission. Of note, ablated mice also develop a complex and ultimately lethal catabolic phenotype, marked by weight loss, increased lipolysis and elevated corticosterone. We traced this back to the activation of the integrated stress response in Drp1-ablated brain regions, culminating in the ectopic induction of metabolic cytokine Fgf21. Fgf21 is normally produced in liver, fat and muscle tissue in response to fasting or exercise, and no reports exist of it being produced in the brain. This “mitokine” increases insulin sensitivity and stimulates corticosterone production via receptors in the hypothalamus, thus explaining essential aspects of the catabolic phenotype. This work has implications not only for mitochondrial biology but also for the understanding of the central regulation of systemic metabolism.
Use of oligo-strain yeast cultures to increase complexity of wine aroma

Experiments with mixtures of physiologically different strains, belonging to the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae, showed great exchange rates of metabolites among the strains. This altered the sensorical impressions of the oligo-strain fermented wines when compared to single strain fermented variants, but offered the possibility that also strains with appealing flavour production but slight defects can now be taken into account which was not possible by the convential wine production using a single strain culture. However the most important prerequisites must be thorough tests to establish well-balanced sets of yeast strains that can compensate possible negative aspects of partner strains within the whole yeast population. What is therefore absolutely necessary is an accurate Oligo-Strain-Design. Experiments done so far confirmed the principal possibility to increase complexity of wines by combining a classical biological system (i.e. coexistence of different strains within the same population) with the reliability of modern pure yeast technology.
Aspects biologiques de la multiplication du virus de la peste des petits ruminants ou PPR sur cultures cellulaires

L’effet cytopaihogène du virus PPR se traduit par des syncyt~ums. des inciurions nucléaires et cytoplasm~quer sur des cellules de différentes origines. II est inacIivé par l’éther eto pH 3. Sa synfhère n’es1 pas bloquée par Ia S-iodo-déoxyuridine. Sa struciure éiudiée ou mcroscope &lec+ronique est semblable 0 celle du virus de Ia perie bovine, quoique son diamètre roi+ plus grand. La morphologie de sa muliiplicotlon exominee au m~crorcope électronique n’a pas permis de connaître son mode de pénétration. mais 10 sortie se fui par le bourgeonnement de 14 membrane cellulaire. Sonétude, du pointdevuecyto-chimique permet de supposer qu’il effectue un transit par le nu&&. et que les inclusions nucléaires et cytoplasmiques sont formées d’ARN. L’ensemble des résultats obtenus definit le VIN~ PPR comme un Poromyxovirur et amène des hypothèses intéressant son cycle de multiplmtion.
Incremento en diámetro y periodicidad de anillos de crecimiento de dos especies arbóreas en una selva húmeda del norte de Oaxaca, México

Diameter growth was estimated and periodicity of the growth rings was determinated for Schizolobium parahyba and Vochysia guatemalensis in a tropical rain forest of Comaltepec, Oaxaca. Diameter growth was measured bimonthly by using dendrometer bands. Six diameter categories, three symmetries categories and three sunlight exposition levels were tested. Moist and relatively dry periods of time were selected during measurements operations, and their influence on tree growth was examined. To determine growth periodicity, the cambium of one tree per diameter category was labeled. Ring width was related with precipitation. S. parahyba grew faster than V. guatemalensis which showed a continuous growth rate. In S. parahyba , the largest diameter categories grew the most ( P ≤ 0.05) and no affinity with any radiation condition was found. No differences in growth in diameter categories, symmetries and illuminations crown of V. guatemalensis were found. Both species produced annual rings, completely conspicuous in S. parahyba and slightly delineated in V. guatemalensis . Ring width was highly related with moist periods in S. parahyba ( P ≤ 0.01).
New records of the lichen genus Menegazzia from Africa

Une etude du materiel africain du lichen Menegazzia a ete effectuee. Deux especes sont rapportees comme nouvelles pour le continent, M. capitata de Tanzanie, et M. subsimilis de La Reunion, Madagascar, Rwanda et Tanzanie. Un rapport anterieur de M. terebrata de Madagascar est rejete. Un rapport anterieur de la meme espece de Tanzanie ne pourrait pas etre confirme, mais pas tous le materiel de Tanzanie cite dans la litterature etait disponible pour l'etude.
Large‐scale climatic drivers of regional winter bird population trends

Changes in climate and land use practices have been found to affect animal populations in different parts of the world. These studies have typically been conducted during the breeding season, whereas the non‐breeding season (hereafter ‘winter’) has received much less attention. Changes in regional winter abundances could be caused by changes in overall population sizes and/or redistribution of populations. We tested these mechanisms for terrestrial winter bird population changes in Northern Europe and explored the role of climate change and species habitat preference.
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Fruit of Cassia spectabilis D.C.

Plants are the "old companion" of humankind. Without plants there would be no people on Earth. A huge extent of the world's population relies on upon conventional prescription. Cassia L. is a huge genus of around 500 species of flowering plants in the family Caesalpiniaceae. In the present study the fruits of Cassia spectabilis D.C. prepared by using solvents like Distilled Water, Ethanol, Acetone and Chloroform are screened for the detection of presence phytochemicals at preliminary level. Cassia spectabilis D.C. fruit is very rich in compounds like flavonoids and tannins and remaining significant compounds are also in the moderate amounts. Keywords: Cassia spectabilis D.C., Caesalpiniaceae, phytochemicals, flavonoids and tannins.
Relative male and female contributions to the supercooling point of their offspring in Microvelia reticulata (Heteroptera: Veliidae)

Cold hardiness is a key life history trait in temperate and polar ectothermic species, as it affects survival during overwintering, but its evolution is poorly understood. While many studies of cold hardiness in insects have shown differences between species, populations or developmental stages, data on the relative contribution of individual genotypes to cold hardiness are scarce and mainly limited to drosophilid fly species. We used a sib‐analysis (paternal half‐sib/full‐sib breeding design) to estimate the relative contributions of parental generation to the supercooling point (SCP) of the offspring of a heteropteran non‐model insect species, Microvelia reticulata (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha: Veliidae). We found that parent identity affected significantly SCP values of their offspring. Magnitudes of estimated sire and dam variance components were similar but the distributions of individual contributions to SCP differed between sires and dams, which points to sex‐specific genetic or parental effects on SCP in this species. The animal model failed to find a realistic estimate of heritability (h2) of SCP, suggesting that the underlying genetics of SCP in M. reticulata can not be characterized by purely additive effects.
Hemlninth and Parasitic Arthropod Prevalence in Catfish Clarias batrachus (L.) from Ponds in Savar

A total of 115 Clarias batrachus were investigated for parasitic infestation. Out of 1504 parasites recovered from Clarias batrachus , 761 (50.59%) were cestodes, 34(2.26%) trematodes, 58(3.85%) nematodes and 12(0.79%) crustaceans ectoparasite. Cestodes showed the highest prevalence (66.09%) and the collected parasites were Bovienia serialis , Caryophyllaeus laticeps , Balanotaenia bancroftii , Djombangia penetrans , O rientocreadium batrachoides, Orientocreadium clariae , Procamallanus slomei , Spirocamallanus olsenia and ectoparasite Lernaea cyprinacea . Among the 9 species of parasites, P. slomei (28.69%) showed the highest prevalence. The moderate prevalence showed by Bovienia serialis and S. olsenia (21.74), lowest by O. batrachoides (10.43%) and Lernaea cyprinacea (10.43). The overall prevalence and mean intensity of parasite infection were 82.61% and 15.83 respectively. The highest parasitic infestation was found (88.43%) in intestine. Cestodes B. serialis , B. bancroftii and D. penetrans were recovered from stomach and intestine. P. slomei were collected from three regions viz. oesophagus, stomach and intestine, while Lernaea cyprinacea from gill. Seasonally the highest prevalence (90%) and mean intensity (24.27%) was recorded during summer. Bangladesh J. Zool. 43 (2): 269-277, 2015
Effect of substance P on gene expression of transforming growth factor β-1 and its receptors in rat＇s fibroblasts

Objective: To investigate the effect of substance P (SP) on gene expression of transforming growth factor β-1 (TGFβ-1), transforming growth factor receptor-1 (TGFR-1) and transforming growth factor receptor-2 (TGFR-2) in fibroblasts cultured in vitro from rat's granulation tissues.Methods: The fibroblasts from the granulation tissues in the skeletal muscle of rat's hind limbs injured by formaldehyde were cultured in vitro. When different concentrations (10-9-10-5 mol/L) of SP were added into the culture medium, the changes of gene expression of TGFβ-1, TGFR-1 and TGFR-2 in the cultured fibroblasts were observed with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction at different intervals (0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours after incubation). Results: The gene expression of TGFβ-1, TGFR-1 and TGFR-2 in the fibroblasts cultured from rat's granulation tissues was up-regulated by SP. The peak level of the mRNA expression was found at 10-8 mol/L SP and the up-regulation effect was not found at 10-5 mol/L and 10-6 mol/L. The peak levels of gene expression of TGFβ-1, TGFR-1 and TGFR-2 in the fibroblasts treated with SP were achieved at 6 and 12 hours, respectively.Conclusions: SP has up-regulation effect on the gene expression of TGFβ-1, TGFR-1 and TGFR-2 in fibroblasts from rat's granulation tissues in vitro, and the effect is related to different stimulating concentrations of SP. It may be concerned with proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts and formation of scar tissues during wound healing.
Antibacterial Mechanism of Long-Chain Polyphosphates in Staphylococcus aureus.

The results of previous studies indicated that the antibacterial effects of long-chain polyphosphates (sodium polyphosphate glassy [SPG] and sodium ultraphosphate [UP]) to Staphylococcus aureus ISP40 8325 could be attributed to damage to the cell envelope (cell wall or cell membrane). Also, Ca2+ (0.01 M) or Mg2+ (0.01 M) reversed the bactericidal and bacteriolytic effects of polyphosphates in S. aureus . In the present study, 0.4 M sodium chloride (NaCl) protected the cells from leakage caused by SPG and 0.6 M NaCl protected the cells from leakage by UP. Polymyxin, a peptide antibiotic that causes cell membrane damage, induced leakage even in the presence of 0.6 M NaCl. In the presence of 0.4 M NaCl, bacterial leakage was significantly reduced by disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA), a metal chelator that causes cell wall damage. Bacterial leakage by polyphosphates was significantly greater at pH 8 than at pH 6, which suggested that metal-ion chelation was involved in the antibacterial mechanism. A dialysis membrane (MWCO 100) was used to separate free metal and polyphosphate-bound metal. Levels of free Ca2+ and Mg2+ in polyphosphate-treated cells were significantly lower than those of the cells without polyphosphate. This free-metal dialysis study provided Chemical evidence to show that long-chain polyphosphates interacted with S. aureus cell walls by a metal-ion chelation mechanism. In addition, long-chain polyphosphates were shown to bind to the cell wall, chelate metals, and remain bound without releasing metal ions from the cell wall into the suspending medium. A hypothesis is proposed in which the antibacterial mechanism of long-chain polyphosphates is caused by binding of long-chain polyphosphates to the cell wall of early-exponential phase cells of S. aureus ISP40 8325. The polyphosphates chelate structurally essential metals (Ca2+ and Mg2+) of the cell wall, resulting in bactericidal and bacteriolytic effects. The structurally essential metals probably form cross bridges between the teichoic acid chains in the cell walls of gram-positive bacteria.
Performance and Small Intestine Morphology and Ultrastructure of Male Broilers Injected in Ovo with Bioactive Substances

Abstract The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of prebiotic and synbiotic preparations injected in ovo on day 12 of embryogenesis on both development of intestinal villi and the number of neutral goblet cells in the small intestine of male broiler chickens on day 35 of rearing. Eggs containing live embryos were randomly separated into five experimental groups (1800 eggs per group), and treated with different bioactive compounds by in ovo injection. The control group (C) was injected with physiological saline. The prebiotic groups (PI and PB) were injected with a solution containing 1.76 mg of inulin or with a solution containing 0.528 mg of Bi2tos. The injection solution for both synbiotic groups (SI and SB) consisted of 1.76 mg Inulin + 1000 CFU of L. lactis spp. lactis 2955 (SL1) or 0.528 mg Bi2tos + 1000 CFU of L. lactis spp. cremoris 477 (SC1). Samples for histological analysis were taken from the three segments of the small intestine: the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Broiler performance increased in the prebiotic group injected with Bi2tos when compared to both the control group and the prebiotic group injected with inulin. In relation to other groups, in the duodenum and ileum the highest intestinal villi were observed in chickens with the lowest body weight, i.e. groups C and PI. The smaller surface area of villi was found in the jejunum and ileum in group SB. As far as the jejunum and ileum are concerned, a significantly higher number of goblet cells was noted in groups PB and SB.
ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITIES, LIPID HYDROPEROXIDE IN HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES MEDIATED BY MONO AND DI-CATION: POTENTIAL ROLE OF GALLIC ACID AND ROSEMARY EXTRACT

The effect of Li +1 , Cs +1 , Ni +2 , Mo +2 , Mg +2 and Ba +2 ions on human erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes was studied. Three doses of each metal (10, 50 and 100 M) were evaluated by their effect on the activity of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GpX), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione Stransferase (GST) and lipid peroxide level (lipid peroxidation) indicated by malondialdehyde (MDA) formation. Also, the antioxidant activities of rosemary extract and gallic acid in the presence of these metals were examined. Compared to the control, GpX, CAT and GR activities were significantly increased, while the GST activity was significantly decreased in Ni +2 and Li +1 treated cells, whereas, Cs +1 caused a significant increase in GpX, CAT, and GST and decrease in GR activities. However, Ba +2 showed no significant differences in GpX activity, while CAT and GSTs increased and GR decreased significantly. Also, Mg +2 significantly increased the GpX, GR, CAT and GSTs activities. Mo +2 showed a significant decrease in GR activity at high concentration, while GpX, CAT and GSTs increased significantly. Li +1 , Cs +1 , Ni +2 , Mo +2 and Ba +2 caused an increase in MDA formation, whereas, Mg +2 at 100 M caused a significant decrease in MDA compared to low concentrations. Gallic acid and rosemary extract inhibited lipid peroxidation (MDA) by 28 to 64% and 9 to 48%, respectively. The results of this study suggest that reactive oxygen species (ROS) might be involved in the Li +1 , Cs +1 , Ni +2 , Mo +2 , Mg +2 and Ba +2 toxicity and their ability to increase or maintain GpX, CAT, GST and GR activities and MDA formation. Gallic acid and rosemary extract as antioxidant were found to inhibit MDA production under oxidative stress conditions. Furthermore, these results indicate that gallic acid and rosemary are capable of protecting erythrocytes against ROS.