Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of Disconnected Components in WSN for Secure Big Data Gathering

Recent technological advancements have enabled a significant evolution and grouping of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). These webs of networks are key player in Internet of Things (IoT) that generate huge amount of exponentially increasing data popularly called as big data. Gathering secure big data with energy efficiency for widely and densely distributed wireless sensor networks is mind triggering task due to restrained wireless communication range and low power nature of sensor nodes. Connectivity of sensor nodes is an important issue in wide and distributed wireless sensor network. Also the mechanism of multihop routing does not support such networks due to the problem of long transmission delays and existence of disconnectivity in networks. Due to this, there arises the problem of data loss and huge consumption of power. This paper considers the problem of identification of disconnected components in wireless sensor network. To achieve the objective Spectral Graph Partitioning (SGP) technique is used. SGP technique calculates the eigenvalues and eigenvectors for network as per the Laplacian matrix of the network graph. To detect the disconnected components in the network SGP observes the lowest eigenvalues. The given example illustrates the concept and findings of the technique being implemented to achieve the solution.
Comparative demography elucidates the longevity of parasitic and symbiotic relationships

Parasitic and symbiotic relationships govern vast nutrient and energy flows1,2, but controversy surrounds their longevity. Enduring relationships may engender parallel phylogenies among hosts and parasites3,4, but so may more ephemeral relationships when parasites disproportionately colonize related hosts5. When considering these relationships’ temporal durability, it would be useful to understand whether parasite and host populations have grown and contracted in concert. Here, we devised methods to compare demographic histories, derived from genomic data6. We used these methods to compare the historical growth of the agent of severe human malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, to human and primate histories7,8 and to that of their mosquito vector Anopheles gambiae9, thereby discerning long-term parallels and anthropogenic population explosions10,11. The growth history of Trichinella spiralis, a zoonotic parasite disseminated by swine domestication12,13, proved regionally-specific, paralleling distinctive growth histories for wild boar in Asia and Europe14. Parallel histories were inferred for an anemone and its algal symbiont (Aiptasia pallida15 and Symbiodinium minutum16). Concerted growth in potatoes and the agent of potato blight (Solanum tuberosum17 and Phytophthora infestans18) did not commence until the age of potato domestication, helping date the acquisition of this historically consequential fungal plant pathogen. Therefore, comparative historical demography provides a powerful new means by which to interrogate the history of myriad ecological relationships, enriching our understanding of their origins and durability.
Adapting COMPASS for Youth With ASD to Improve Transition Outcomes Using Implementation Science

Implementation science provides guidance on adapting existing evidence based practices (EBPs) by incorporating implementation concerns from the start. Focus-group methodology was used to understand barriers and facilitators of transition planning and implementation for students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who often experience disparate postsecondary outcomes compared to peers. Results were used to modify an evidence-based consultation intervention originally applied to young students with ASD, called the Collaborative Model for Promoting Competence and Success (COMPASS; Ruble, Dalrymple, & McGrew, 2012). Because consultation is a multilevel EBP, two existing implementation science frameworks were used to guide adaptation: the Framework for Evidence Based Implementation and Intervention Practices (Dunst & Trivette, 2012) and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (Damschroder et al., 2009). The purpose of this article is to describe a process of adaptation of COMPASS that may be useful for other implementation science studies of consultation interventions, teacher acceptability, feasibility, and burden, and parent/student satisfaction with the adapted intervention.
Right time, right place—DNA damage and DNA replication checkpoints collectively safeguard S phase

The DNA replication checkpoint (DRC) and the DNA damage checkpoint (DDC) are two closely linked signaling cascades that adjust S phase to the presence of DNA lesions and other replication impediments. Two recent studies published in The EMBO Journal shed new light on their relationship in budding yeast, collectively showing that the two pathways—while sharing several factors—differ in the location and kinetics of their activation, suggesting that they constitute different branches of an integrated cellular response to impaired DNA replication.
The effects of a calf pump device on second half performance of a simulated soccer match in competitive youth players

ABSTRACT During soccer matches, performance decrements have been reported that relate to both physical abilities and technical skills. To investigate the effects of low-frequency electrical stimulation LFES (VeinoplusSport®, Ad Rem Technology, France) administered during half-time recovery on performance alterations during the second half. Twenty-two highly trained young players undertook a soccer-match simulation (SAFT90). During half-time, they were randomly assigned to LFES group or Placebo group. Each half was split into 3 bouts of 12 minutes. Following each bout, maximal strike speed (MSS), sprint test (ST), maximal sprint accelerations (MA) and metabolic power (MP) were determined in both groups. Arterial (AF) and venous flows (VF) were measured at rest and at the end of half-time. LEFS group exhibited beneficial effects on performance compared to the Placebo group with a likely effect for MSS, ST, MA, and a possible effect for MP. AF and VF increased statistically more in LEFS group compared to Placebo group. The use of specific calf-pump LFES during half-time of a youth simulated soccer match attenuated the decrease in performance during the second half compared to Placebo group. This effect is most marked at the beginning of the second half with regards to explosive parameters.
The polytrauma clinical triad in patients with chronic pain after motor vehicle collision

Background The polytrauma clinical triad (PCT) is a complex disorder composed of three comorbid diagnoses of chronic pain, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and postconcussion syndrome (PCS). PCT has been documented in veterans returning from deployment, but this is the first report on PCT prevalence in nonmilitary personnel after a motor vehicle collision (MVC). Methods Data were drawn from routine intake assessments completed by 71 patients referred to a community-based clinic for chronic pain management. All patients completed the post-traumatic stress disorder checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (PCL-5), and Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ) during a standardized intake assessment. An additional modified RPQ score was derived to address previously reported symptom overlap between PCS and chronic pain. Results Standard and modified RPQ scores yielded PCS prevalence rates of 100% and 54.9% in our sample, respectively. Results suggest that a modified RPQ score, limited to visual and vestibular symptoms, may be more useful PCS screening criteria in patients with chronic pain. PTSD screening criteria on the PCL-5 were met by 85.9% of the patients. More than half of the patients referred for chronic pain after MVC met criteria for PCT (52.1%). Patients who met PCT criteria reported worse headache, overall pain, and sleep quality outcomes. Conclusion Among patients in our sample with chronic pain after MVC, more than half met criteria for PCT. A modified approach to RPQ scoring limited to visual and vestibular symptoms may be required to screen for PCS in these patients.
Pharmacokinetic study of the prokinetic ABCs liquiritigenin, naringenin and hesperitin following the oral administration of Si–Ni–San decoction to functional dyspepsia patients

Abstract 1. The pharmacokinetics (PKs) analysis of compounds absorbed after the oral administration of Si-Ni-San (SNS) decoction to functional dyspepsia (FD) patients was designed to detect whether the effects were similar to prokinetics administered to healthy rats, without ethical limitation. 2. First, the absorbed compounds, liquiritigenin (L), naringenin (N) and hesperitin (H) in the plasma were identified by UPLC-MS/MS following the oral administration of SNS decoction to subjects with FD. Next, the natural ratio of LNH in the SNS decoction was determined by UPLC. Third, gastric emptying and intestinal transit after the oral administration of LNH, in combination or alone, was compared with those observed after SNS administration in healthy rats. Additionally, the clinical PKs of LNH was studied. 3. The prokinetic efficacy of LNH administered at their natural ratios (7.5:5:1) increased dose-dependently and was better than the observed efficacy when administered alone in rats. Analysis of the clinical PK parameters, calculated using a one-compartment model, showed that the Cmax parameters of LNH in 3, 4 and 4 h were 639.17, 410.00 and 181.67 μg/L, respectively. 4. The clinical herbal PK analysis of the absorbed LNH preclinical prokinetic compounds, in their natural ratio from SNS, highlights the impact of an herbal translational pharmacology study.
Tomatidine suppresses osteoclastogenesis and mitigates estrogen deficiency‐induced bone mass loss by modulating TRAF6‐mediated signaling

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is initiated by estrogen withdrawal and is characterized mainly by over‐activated osteoclastic bone resorption. Targeting TNF receptor‐associated factor 6 (TRAF6) or its downstream signaling pathways to modulate osteoclast formation and function is an appealing strategy for osteoclast‐related disorders. In the present study, we determined the effect of tomatidine, a steroidal alkaloid derived from Solanaceae, on the formation and function of receptor activator of NF‐κB (RANK) ligand‐induced osteoclasts and the underlying mechanism. Tomatidine inhibited osteoclast formation in a dose‐dependent manner and decreased the expression of osteoclast marker genes. Actin ring formation and osteoclastic bone resorption were attenuated in the presence of tomatidine in vitro. Eight weeks after ovariectomy, tomatidine prevented estrogen deficiency‐induced bone loss and restored the mechanical properties of the femur. At the molecular level, tomatidine abrogated phosphorylation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK)/p38, NF‐κB, and protein kinase B (Akt) pathway proteins by suppressing RANK expression, inhibiting the binding of TRAF6 to RANK, and downregulating the osteoclastogenesis marker‐related protein expression. In summary, these data demonstrated that tomatidine attenuated osteoclast formation and function by modulating multiple TRAF6‐mediated pathways. Therefore, tomatidine could be a novel candidate for the treatment of osteoclast‐related disorders, including osteoporosis. —Hu, B. , Sun, X. , Yang, Y. , Ying, Z. , Meng, J., Zhou, C. , Jiang, G. , Li, S. , Wu, F. , Zhao, X. , Zhu, H. , Wu, H. , Cai, X. , Shi, Z. , Yan, S. Tomatidine suppresses osteoclastogenesis and mitigates estrogen deficiency‐induced bone mass loss by modulating TRAF6‐mediated signaling. FASEB J. 33,2574–2586 (2019). www.fasebj. org
The importance of inhibitor eradication in clinically complicated hemophilia A patients

ABSTRACT Introduction: Inhibitors against factor VIII (FVIII), which develop in around 20–30% of patients with severe hemophilia A, represent a significant complication of on-demand or prophylactic FVIII therapy. Currently, the main treatment option for inhibitor patients is eradication using immune tolerance induction (ITI) therapy. Areas covered: This article reviews inhibitor eradication in clinically complicated hemophilia A patients. The benefits and disadvantages of ITI therapy are discussed, with reference to the new nonfactor replacement agents such as emicizumab, which are becoming available. Expert commentary: At present, ITI therapy is the method of choice for all inhibitor patients, but as alternative treatment options become increasingly available, this may change in the future. Despite the development of nonfactor replacement agents, ITI therapy is likely to maintain a key role in the management of inhibitor patients, although changes in ITI therapy regimens including the timing of ITI initiation, the dosing regimen, the management of thrombotic risk or safety, laboratory assessment of ITI outcomes, and maintenance treatment after ITI success, may be necessary.
Fluoride-Free Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Titanium Carbide (MXene) Using A Binary Aqueous System.

Two-dimensional (2D) titanium carbide (Ti3 C2 ) is emerging as an important member of the MXene family. However, fluoride-based synthetic procedures remain an impediment to the practical applications of this promising class of materials. Here we demonstrate an efficient fluoride-free etching method based on the anodic corrosion of titanium aluminium carbide (Ti3 AlC2 ) in a binary aqueous electrolyte. The dissolution of aluminium followed by in situ intercalation of ammonium hydroxide results in the extraction of carbide flakes (Ti3 C2 Tx , T=O, OH) with sizes up to 18.6 μm and high yield (over 90 %) of mono- and bilayers. All-solid-state supercapacitor based on exfoliated sheets exhibits high areal and volumetric capacitances of 220 mF cm-2 and 439 F cm-3 , respectively, at a scan rate of 10 mV s-1 , superior to those of LiF/HCl-etched MXenes. Our strategy paves a safe way to the scalable synthesis and application of MXene materials.
Beneficial coinfection can promote within-host viral diversity

Abstract In many viral infections, a large number of different genetic variants can coexist within a host, leading to more virulent infections that are better able to evolve antiviral resistance and adapt to new hosts. But how is this diversity maintained? Why do faster-growing variants not outcompete slower-growing variants, and erode this diversity? One hypothesis is if there are mutually beneficial interactions between variants, with host cells infected by multiple different viral genomes producing more, or more effective, virions. We modelled this hypothesis with both mathematical models and simulations, and found that moderate levels of beneficial coinfection can maintain high levels of coexistence, even when coinfection is relatively rare, and when there are significant fitness differences between competing variants. Rare variants are more likely to be coinfecting with a different variant, and hence beneficial coinfection increases the relative fitness of rare variants through negative frequency dependence, and maintains diversity. We further find that coexisting variants sometimes reach unequal frequencies, depending on the extent to which different variants benefit from coinfection, and the ratio of variants which leads to the most productive infected cells. These factors could help drive the evolution of defective interfering particles, and help to explain why the different segments of multipartite viruses persist at different equilibrium frequencies.
Image and Encoded Text Fusion for Multi-Modal Classification

Multi-modal approaches employ data from multiple input streams such as textual and visual domains. Deep neural networks have been successfully employed for these approaches. In this paper, we present a novel multi-modal approach that fuses images and text descriptions to improve multi-modal classification performance in real-world scenarios. The proposed approach embeds an encoded text onto an image to obtain an information enriched image. To learn feature representations of resulting images, standard Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) is employed for classification task. We demonstrate how a CNN based pipeline can be used to learn representations of the novel fusion approach. We compare our approach with individual sources on two large scale multi-modal classification datasets while obtaining encouraging results. Furthermore, we evaluate our approach against two famous multi-modal strategies namely early fusion and late fusion.
Using a Positive Deviance Approach to Influence the Culture of Patient Safety Related to Infection Prevention

Abstract Background Health care–associated infections (HAIs) are a socio-technical problem. We evaluated the impact of a social change intervention on health care personnel (HCP), called “positive deviance” (PD), on patient safety culture related to infection prevention among HCP. Methods This observational study was done in 6 medical wards at an 800-bed public academic hospital in the United States. Three of these wards were randomly assigned to receive PD intervention on HCP. After a retrospective 6-month baseline period, PD was implemented over 9 months, followed by 9 months of follow-up. Patient safety culture and social networks among HCP were surveyed at 6, 15, and 24 months. Rates of HAI were measured among patients. Results The measured patient safety culture was steady over time at 69% aggregate percent positive responses in wards with PD vs decline from 79% to 75% in wards without PD (F statistic 10.55; P = .005). Social network maps suggested that nurses, charge nurses, medical assistants, ward managers, and ward clerks play a key role in preventing infections. Fitted time series of monthly HAI rates showed a decrease from 4.8 to 2.8 per 1000 patient-days (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1 to 3.5) in wards without PD, and 5.0 to 2.1 per 1000 patient-days (95% CI, –0.4 to 4.5) in wards with PD. Conclusions A positive deviance approach appeared to have a significant impact on patient safety culture among HCP who received the intervention. Social network analysis identified HCP who are likely to help disseminate infection prevention information. Systemwide interventions independent of PD resulted in HAI reduction in both intervention and control wards.
Neuropathy and inflammation in diabetic bone marrow

Diabetes impairs the bone marrow (BM) architecture and function as well as the mobilization of immature cells into the bloodstream and number of potential regenerative cells. Circadian regulation of bone immature cell migration is regulated by β‐adrenergic receptors, which are expressed on haematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and osteoblasts in the BM. Diabetes is associated with a substantially lower number of sympathetic nerve terminal endings in the BM; thus, diabetic neuropathy plays a critical role in BM dysfunction. Treatment with mesenchymal stem cells, BM mononuclear cells, haematopoietic stem cells, and stromal cells ameliorates the dysfunction of diabetic neuropathy, which occurs, in part, through secreted neurotrophic factors, growth factors, adipokines, and polarizing macrophage M2 cells and inhibiting inflammation. Inflammation may be a therapeutic target for BM stem cells to improve diabetic neuropathy. Given that angiogenic and neurotrophic effects are two major barriers to effective diabetic neuropathy therapy, targeting BM stem cells may provide a novel approach to develop these types of treatments.
Assessing Quality of Life and Patient-Reported Satisfaction with Masculinizing Top Surgery: A Mixed-Methods Descriptive Survey Study

Background: Masculinizing top surgery (bilateral mastectomy with chest wall reconstruction) is an important gender-affirming procedure sought by many transmasculine and nonbinary individuals. Current literature is focused primarily on details of surgical technique and complication rates, with limited data available on how top surgery affects subjective quality-of-life measures. Methods: An anonymous online survey was distributed to 81 of the senior author’s former top-surgery patients. The survey response rate was 72 percent (58 respondents). Responses were analyzed to investigate quality of life, sexual confidence, mental health, satisfaction with top surgery, and patient attitudes toward top surgery’s role in gender affirmation. Results: Following top surgery, measures of quality of life and sexual confidence improved significantly (p < 0.001). In addition, 86 percent reported improvement in gender dysphoria–related mental health conditions. All but one respondent reported that top surgery had an overall positive impact on their life. Conclusions: Top surgery had major positive effects on all mental health and quality-of-life metrics. The authors’ findings contribute to a much-needed body of evidence that top surgery markedly improves the daily lives and functioning of transgender and nonbinary individuals who choose to undergo it.
Oxidative stress in hemodialysis: Causative mechanisms, clinical implications, and possible therapeutic interventions

Oxidative stress (OS) is the result of prooxidant molecules overwhelming the antioxidant defense mechanisms. Hemodialysis (HD) constitutes a state of elevated inflammation and OS, due to loss of antioxidants during dialysis and activation of white blood cells triggering production of reactive oxygen species. Dialysis vintage, dialysis methods, and type and condition of vascular access, biocompatibility of dialyzer membrane and dialysate, iron administration, and anemia all can play a role in aggravating OS, which in turn has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Oral or intravenous administration of antioxidants may detoxify the oxidative molecules and at least in part repair OS‐mediated tissue damage. Lifestyle interventions and optimization of a highly biocompatible HD procedure might ameliorate OS development in dialysis.
Mind the Depth: Visual Perception of Shapes Is Better in Peripersonal Space

Closer objects are invariably perceived as bigger than farther ones and are therefore easier to detect and discriminate. This is so deeply grounded in our daily experience that no question has been raised as to whether the advantage for near objects depends on other features (e.g., depth itself). In a series of five experiments (N = 114), we exploited immersive virtual environments and visual illusions (i.e., Ponzo) to probe humans’ perceptual abilities in depth and, specifically, in the space closely surrounding our body, termed peripersonal space. We reversed the natural distance scaling of size in favor of the farther object, which thus appeared bigger, to demonstrate a persistent shape-discrimination advantage for close objects. Psychophysical modeling further suggested a sigmoidal trend for this benefit, mirroring that found for multisensory estimates of peripersonal space. We argue that depth is a fundamental, yet overlooked, dimension of human perception and that future studies in vision and perception should be depth aware.