Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surgical Treatment of Solitary Periarticular Osteochondromas About the Knee in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients

Background: Solitary osteochondromas, or osteocartilaginous exostoses (OCEs), represent the most common benign bone tumor. Despite frequently causing symptoms about the knee in younger populations, there is minimal previous literature investigating surgical treatment. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients <20 years old who had undergone surgical treatment of symptomatic, pathologically confirmed, solitary periarticular knee OCE at a single pediatric center between 2003 and 2016. The clinical course, radiographic and pathological features, and complications were assessed. Prospective outreach was performed to investigate patient-reported functional outcomes. Results: Two hundred and sixty-four patients (58% male, 81% athletes) underwent excision of a solitary OCE about the knee at a mean age (and standard deviation) of 14.3 ± 2.24 years. Fifty-five percent of the procedures were performed by orthopaedic oncologists, 25% were performed by pediatric orthopaedic surgeons, and 20% were performed by pediatric orthopaedic sports medicine surgeons, with no difference in outcomes or complications based on training. Of the 264 lesions, 171 (65%) were pedunculated (versus sessile), 157 (59%) were in the distal part of the femur (versus the proximal part of the tibia or proximal part of the fibula), and 182 (69%) were medial (versus lateral). Postoperatively, 96% of the patients returned to sports at a median of 2.5 months (interquartile range, 1.9 to 4.0 months). Forty-two patients (16%) experienced minor complications not requiring operative intervention. Six patients (2%) experienced major complications (symptoms or disability at >6 months or requiring reoperation), which were more common in patients with sessile osteochondromas (p = 0.01), younger age (p = 0.01), and distal femoral lesions as compared with proximal tibial lesions (p = 0.003). Lesion recurrence was identified in 3 patients (1.1%). Overall, the median Pediatric International Knee Documentation Committee (Pedi-IKDC) and mean Hospital for Special Surgery Pediatric Functional Activity Brief Scale (HSS Pedi-FABS) scores were 97 (interquartile range, 93 to 99) and 16.7 ± 8.15, respectively, at a median duration of follow-up of 5.8 years. Conclusions: In our large cohort of pediatric patients who underwent excision of solitary knee osteochondromas, most patients were male adolescent athletes. Most commonly, the lesions were pedunculated, were located in the distal part of the femur, and arose from the medial aspect of the knee. Regardless of surgeon training or lesion location, patients demonstrated excellent functional outcomes, with minimal clinically important postoperative complications and recurrences, although patients with sessile lesions and younger age may be at higher risk for complications. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
ZmbHLH124 identified in maize recombinant inbred lines contributes to drought tolerance in crops

Summary Due to climate change, drought has become a severe abiotic stress that affects the global production of all crops. Elucidation of the complex physiological mechanisms underlying drought tolerance in crops will support the cultivation of new drought‐tolerant crop varieties. Here, two drought‐tolerant lines, RIL70 and RIL73, and two drought‐sensitive lines, RIL44 and RIL93, from recombinant inbred lines (RIL) generated from maize drought‐tolerant line PH4CV and drought‐sensitive line F9721, were selected for a comparative RNA‐seq study. Through transcriptome analyses, we found that gene expression differences existed between drought‐tolerant and ‐sensitive lines, but also differences between the drought‐tolerant lines, RIL70 and RIL73. ZmbHLH124 in RIL73, named as ZmbHLH124 T‐ORG which origins from PH4CV and encodes a bHLH type transcription factor, was specifically up‐regulated during drought stress. In addition, we identified a substitution in ZmbHLH124 that produced an early stop codon in sensitive lines (ZmbHLH124 S‐ORG). Overexpression of ZmbHLH124 T‐ORG, but not ZmbHLH124 S‐ORG, in maize and rice enhanced plant drought tolerance and up‐regulated the expression of drought‐responsive genes. Moreover, we found that ZmbHLH124T‐ORG could directly bind the cis‐acting elements in ZmDREB2A promoter to enhance its expression. Taken together, this work identified a valuable genetic locus and provided a new strategy for breeding drought‐tolerant crops.
Exploration of Rapid Automatized Naming and Standard Visual Tests in Prodromal Alzheimer Disease Detection

Background: Visual tests in Alzheimer disease (AD) have been examined over the last several decades to identify a sensitive and noninvasive marker of the disease. Rapid automatized naming (RAN) tasks have shown promise for detecting prodromal AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The purpose of this investigation was to determine the capacity for new rapid image and number naming tests and other measures of visual pathway structure and function to distinguish individuals with MCI due to AD from those with normal aging and cognition. The relation of these tests to vision-specific quality of life scores was also examined in this pilot study. Methods: Participants with MCI due to AD and controls from well-characterized NYU research and clinical cohorts performed high and low-contrast letter acuity (LCLA) testing, as well as RAN using the Mobile Universal Lexicon Evaluation System (MULES) and Staggered Uneven Number test, and vision-specific quality of life scales, including the 25-Item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25) and 10-Item Neuro-Ophthalmic Supplement. Individuals also underwent optical coherence tomography scans to assess peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell/inner plexiform layer thicknesses. Hippocampal atrophy on brain MRI was also determined from the participants' Alzheimer disease research center or clinical data. Results: Participants with MCI (n = 14) had worse binocular LCLA at 1.25% contrast compared with controls (P = 0.009) and longer (worse) MULES test times (P = 0.006) with more errors in naming images (P = 0.009) compared with controls (n = 16). These were the only significantly different visual tests between groups. MULES test times (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.79), MULES errors (AUC = 0.78), and binocular 1.25% LCLA (AUC = 0.78) showed good diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing MCI from controls. A combination of the MULES score and 1.25% LCLA demonstrated the greatest capacity to distinguish (AUC = 0.87). These visual measures were better predictors of MCI vs control status than the presence of hippocampal atrophy on brain MRI in this cohort. A greater number of MULES test errors (rs = −0.50, P = 0.005) and worse 1.25% LCLA scores (rs = 0.39, P = 0.03) were associated with lower (worse) NEI-VFQ-25 scores. Conclusions: Rapid image naming (MULES) and LCLA are able to distinguish MCI due to AD from normal aging and reflect vision-specific quality of life. Larger studies will determine how these easily administered tests may identify patients at risk for AD and serve as measures in disease-modifying therapy clinical trials.
Pharmacist medication review: An integrated team approach to serve home-based primary care patients

Background Comprehensive medication review is a patient-centered approach to optimize medication use and improve patient outcomes. This study outlines a pilot model of care in which a remote corporate-based clinical pharmacist implemented comprehensive medication reviews for a cohort of medically complex home-based primary care (HBPC) patients. Method Ninety-six medically complex patients were assessed for medication-related problems. Data collected on these patients were: number of chronic conditions, number of medications, appropriate indication for each medication, dose appropriateness, drug interactions, recommendations for medication optimization and deprescribing. The number of accepted recommendations by the HBPC practice was analyzed. Results On average, the patients were 82 years old and had 13 chronic conditions. They were taking a median of 17 medications. Over a four-month pilot period, 175 medication recommendations were made, and 53 (30.3%) of them were accepted, with most common being medication discontinuation, deprescribing, and dose adjustments. Sixty-four (66.7%) patients were on a medication listed as potentially inappropriate for use in older adults. The most common potentially inappropriate medication was a proton-pump inhibitor (38.5%), followed by aspirin (24%), tramadol (15.6%), a benzodiazepine (13.5%) or an opioid (8.3%). Eighty-one medications were recommended for deprescribing and 27 medications were discontinued (33.3%). There were 24 recommended dose adjustments and 11 medications were dose adjusted (45.8%). Thirty-four medications were suggested as an addition to the current patient regimen, 2 medications were added (5.9%). Conclusion Pharmacist comprehensive medication review is a necessary component of the HBPC healthcare continuum. Additional research is needed to examine whether aligning pharmacists to deliver support to HBPC improves clinical outcomes, reduces healthcare expenditures and improves the patient’s experience.
Clinical risk prediction models and informative cluster size: Assessing the performance of a suicide risk prediction algorithm

Clinical visit data are clustered within people, which complicates prediction modeling. Cluster size is often informative because people receiving more care are less healthy and at higher risk of poor outcomes. We used data from seven health systems on 1,518,968 outpatient mental health visits from January 1, 2012 to June 30, 2015 to predict suicide attempt within 90 days. We evaluated true performance of prediction models using a prospective validation set of 4,286,495 visits from October 1, 2015 to September 30, 2017. We examined dividing clustered data on the person or visit level for model training and cross‐validation and considered a within cluster resampling approach for model estimation. We evaluated optimism by comparing estimated performance from a left‐out testing dataset to performance in the prospective dataset. We used two prediction methods, logistic regression with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and random forest. The random forest model using a visit‐level split for model training and testing was optimistic; it overestimated discrimination (area under the curve, AUC = 0.95 in testing versus 0.84 in prospective validation) and classification accuracy (sensitivity = 0.48 in testing versus 0.19 in prospective validation, 95th percentile cut‐off). Logistic regression and random forest models using a person‐level split performed well, accurately estimating prospective discrimination and classification: estimated AUCs ranged from 0.85 to 0.87 in testing versus 0.85 in prospective validation, and sensitivity ranged from 0.15 to 0.20 in testing versus 0.17 to 0.19 in prospective validation. Within cluster resampling did not improve performance. We recommend dividing clustered data on the person level, rather than visit level, to ensure strong performance in prospective use and accurate estimation of future performance at the time of model development.
Effects of Casing Retention on Purge and the Migration of Listeria monocytogenes Through the Casing to the Surface of Extra Lean Frankfurters12

Abstract A randomized complete block design experiment with four treatments and four replications was conducted to evaluate the effects of casing retention on purge and migration of Listeria monocytogenes to the surface of frankfurters from inoculated outer casing surfaces. Culture suspensions of Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 15313) (3.59 Log.0 cfu/mL) were swabbed on the casing surface of test frankfurters. One half of the inoculated and noninoculated frankfurters had been previously sanitized, but the other frankfurters had not. The treatments were as follows: control-noninoculated (CNI), control-inoculated (CI), sanitized-noninoculated (SNI), sanitized-inoculated (SI). Neither casing retention, nor sanitation had any effect (P>0.05) on the inhibition of Listeria to migrate to the surface of inoculated frankfurters. Samples were also obtained to evaluate casing effect on purge accumulation. Two treatments, in a completely random design with four replications per treatment, were used. Treatments were with and without casings retained during storage for 30 d. Purge accumulation was lower (P
2020 Korean Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Part 7. Pediatric advanced life support

Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea Department of Pediatrics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea 4 Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 5 Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Medical Center, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Department of Nursing, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea Department of Emergency Medicine, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea Department of Emergency Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Department of Emergency Medicine, Ajou University College of Medicine, Suwon, Korea Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea Department of Emergency Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea 13 Department of Emergency Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea Clin Exp Emerg Med 2021;8(S):S81-S95 https://doi.org/10.15441/ceem.21. 027
Informant-based screening tools for dementia: an overview of systematic reviews

Abstract Background Informant-based questionnaires may have utility for cognitive impairment or dementia screening. Reviews describing the accuracy of respective questionnaires are available, but their focus on individual questionnaires precludes comparisons across tools. We conducted an overview of systematic reviews to assess the comparative accuracy of informant questionnaires and identify areas where evidence is lacking. Methods We searched six databases to identify systematic reviews describing diagnostic test accuracy of informant questionnaires for cognitive impairment or dementia. We pooled sensitivity and specificity data for each questionnaire and used network approaches to compare accuracy estimates across the differing tests. We used grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) to evaluate the overall certainty of evidence. Finally, we created an evidence ‘heat-map’, describing the availability of accurate data for individual tests in different populations and settings. Results We identified 25 reviews, consisting of 93 studies and 13 informant questionnaires. Pooled analysis (37 studies; 11 052 participants) ranked the eight-item interview to ascertain dementia (AD8) highest for sensitivity [90%; 95% credible intervals (CrI) = 82–95; ‘best-test’ probability = 36]; while the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) was most specific (81%; 95% CrI = 66–90; ‘best-test’ probability = 29%). GRADE-based evaluation of evidence suggested certainty was ‘low’ overall. Our heat-map indicated that only AD8 and IQCODE have been extensively evaluated and most studies have been in the secondary care settings. Conclusions AD8 and IQCODE appear to be valid questionnaires for cognitive impairment or dementia assessment. Other available informant-based cognitive screening questionnaires lack evidence to justify their use at present. Evidence on the accuracy of available tools in primary care settings and with specific populations is required.
Conductance-strain behavior in silver-nanowire composites: network properties of a tunable strain sensor

Highly flexible and conductive nano-composite materials are promising candidates for stretchable and flexible electronics. We report on the strain–resistance relation of a silver-nanowire photopolymer composite during repetitive stretching. Resistance measurements reveal a gradual change of the hysteretic resistance curves towards a linear and non-hysteretic behavior. Furthermore, a decrease in resistance and an increase in electrical sensitivity to strain over the first five stretching cycles can be observed. Sensitivity gauge factors between 10 and 500 at 23% strain were found depending on the nanowire concentration and stretching cycle. We model the electrical behavior of the investigated silver nanowire composites upon repetitive stretching considering the strain induced changes in the local force distribution within the polymer matrix and the tunnel resistance between the nanowires by using a Monte Carlo method.
Evaluation of trihalomethane formation in treatment of water containing Microcystis aeruginosa using chitosan as coagulant

There are few studies that evaluate the application of chitosan in the treatment of eutrophic waters and its contribution to disinfection by-product formation. Thus, this study evaluated the use of chitosan as coagulant in the treatment of lake water spiked, or not, with Microcystis aeruginosa cells, as well as the formation of trihalomethanes (THM) by chlorine oxidation. Coagulant doses were from 0 to 9 mg/L of chitosan, and from 0 to 18 mg/L of aluminum sulfate (Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ), used as a comparative base. The THM formation was measured in filtered water after 48 hours of oxidation. The results showed that chitosan can provide effective removal of turbidity, apparent color, absorbance at 254 nm and chlorophyll a ( M. aeruginosa cells), presenting better results than aluminum sulfate. No THM were detected after oxidation with chlorine, regardless of the coagulant used, suggesting that the use of chitosan as coagulant, for the studied waters, did not contribute to THM formation.
Association of hepatitis C infection and acute coronary syndrome

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Abstract Infections with hepatitis C virus (HCV) represent a substantial national and international public health burden. HCV has been associated with numerous extrahepatic conditions and can lead to metabolic derangements that are associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. We investigated whether HCV infection is associated with an increased number of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) events among hospitalized patients in an inner-city tertiary hospital. We performed a matched (age, sex, and race/ethnicity) case-control study on patients at least 18 years old admitted to inpatient medical and cardiac services at the University of Maryland Medical Center from 2015 through 2018. The primary outcome was ACS and the primary exposure was HCV infection. Covariates of interest included: alcohol use, tobacco use, illicit drug use, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, human immunodeficiency virus infection, body mass index, dyslipidemia, and family history of coronary heart disease. Covariates with significant associations with both exposure and outcome in bivariate analyses were included in the multivariable analyses of the final adjusted model. There were 1555 cases and 3110 controls included in the final sample. Almost 2% of cases and 2.4% of controls were HCV infected. In adjusted models, there was no significant association found between experiencing an ACS event in those with HCV infection compared to those without HCV infection (odds ratio 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.45–1.11). We found no significant association between HCV infection and ACS in our study population. However, given the mixed existing literature, the association between HCV and ACS warrants further investigation in future prospective cohort and/or interventional studies.
Effectual nanotherapy against oral squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract Objective Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a frequently occurring type of cancer leading loss of huge number of lives. Folic acid (FA) conjugated solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) loaded paclitaxel (PTX) and ascorbic acid (AA) has been used as a novel approach in this study. Methods The FA conjugated SLN were prepared by following high speed homogenization and ultrasonication methods. FA conjugated SLN were used alone and in combination to evaluate their efficacy against OSCC induced animal model. FA conjugated PTX and FA conjugated AA loaded SLN were further subjected to pharmacokinetic and biodistribution. Results The FA conjugated SLN showed a biphasic drug release behavior both in in vitro as well as in vivo system. FA conjugated PTX loaded SLN and FA conjugated AA loaded SLN shows high efficiency when used in combination as compared to when used individually in vivo. FA conjugated SLN shows a better therapeutic efficacy as compared to normal drug as depicted by the observation of pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies. Conclusion The in vitro and in vivo evaluation of the FA conjugated SLN concluded with a remark that, these SLN can be effectively used in the treatment of OSCC.
Learning Optimal Wavefront Shaping for Multi-Channel Imaging

Fast acquisition of depth information is crucial for accurate 3D tracking of moving objects. Snapshot depth sensing can be achieved by wavefront coding, in which the point-spread function (PSF) is engineered to vary distinctively with scene depth by altering the detection optics. In low-light applications, such as 3D localization microscopy, the prevailing approach is to condense signal photons into a single imaging channel with phase-only wavefront modulation to achieve a high pixel-wise signal to noise ratio. Here we show that this paradigm is generally suboptimal and can be significantly improved upon by employing multi-channel wavefront coding, even in low-light applications. We demonstrate our multi-channel optimization scheme on 3D localization microscopy in densely labelled live cells where detectability is limited by overlap of modulated PSFs. At extreme densities, we show that a split-signal system, with end-to-end learned phase masks, doubles the detection rate and reaches improved precision compared to the current state-of-the-art, single-channel design. We implement our method using a bifurcated optical system, experimentally validating our approach by snapshot volumetric imaging and 3D tracking of fluorescently labelled subcellular elements in dense environments.