Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Dietary Protein and Metabolizable Energy Levels on Growth and Feed Utilization of Sea Bass ( Decentrarshus laborax ) Larvae

Three dietary protein levels (25, 35 and 45%) and two dietary metabolizable energy levels (250 and 300 kcal/100g diet) at a 3×2 factorial experiment were combined to study their effects on growth performance, body composition and feed utilization of sea bass (Decentrarshus laborax) larvae. The larvae had initial body weight of 0.8 g. In glass aquaria this experiment lasted for five weeks. Fish were fed 3 times daily to satiation 7 days per week with changing water daily by freshly stocked brackish water (15ppt) and continuous aeration. Fish were weighed every two weeks. Weight gain of sea bass increased significantly with increasing dietary crude protein level up to 45% and decreased significant with increasing energy levels from 250 and 300 kcal/100 g diets. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved with increasing dietary crude protein level up to 45% and no differences were found between 250 and 300 kcal/100g diets. Protein and lipid content of sea bass larvae increased significantly with increasing dietary crude protein level from 25% to 45%. Also, lipid content of sea bass larvae increased with increasing dietary energy level from 250 to 300 kcal/100 g diets, but, protein content decreased. The best SGR was observed with 45% dietary crude protein with 250 kcal/100g diet. Final body weight (FBW) of sea bass increased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing dietary crude protein level up to 45% with 250 kcal/100 g diets. ER% increased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing dietary crude protein level, but it decreased with increasing energy level. This result indicates that the best protein and energy levels for sea bass larvae (0.8 g BW) growth are 45% and 250 kcal, respectively. Lower protein level has given better protein utilization and a protein sparing effect but tended to result in reduced weight gain and feed intake, when compared with diet containing higher protein level at 45%.
Why hospital mental health staff terminate employment.

TOPIC How hospital mental health staff make the decision to terminate employment. METHODS Subjects (N = 30) included mental health professionals formerly employed at a large Canadian psychiatric hospital. They were interviewed using Ebaugh's model of the role exit process to determine different dimensions of the existing process. FINDINGS The role exit process tended to cover a considerable time span, with notable potential for reversing the decisions. CONCLUSION Staff who terminate employment due to job-related circumstances could be retained if active problem-solving measures were undertaken by the staff member and appropriate administrative personnel.
Managing acute behavioural disturbance in a neurology ward

Episodes of behavioural disturbance are commonplace on neurology wards. The key to their safe management is prior planning, including securing the safety of the ward environment, and a formal risk assessment. Protocols which define staff roles and the unit strategy for the management of behavioural disturbance should be formally agreed and appropriate training provided. The commonest cause of disturbed behaviour in neurology—and neurosurgical wards—is delirium. This presents with fluctuating orientation, grossly impaired attention and disruption of the sleep–wake cycle. The cause is generally multifactorial with a combination of pre-existing vulnerabilities and acute precipitants. Management reflects this and depends on a multifaceted approach to medical care, including basic supportive measures, minimising polypharmacy and promoting orientation, early mobilisation and nutritional status, as well as treating the underlying medical conditions. Antipsychotic medication has a specific treatment effect but never as the only approach to the management of the delirious patient.
Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver.

� Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver is an aggressive mesenchymal tumor that occurs predominantly in children. Although this entity has been described for decades, its pathogenesis is still obscure. Its association with mesenchymal hamartoma has been well described on the basis of identical chromosomal abnormalities. The clinical and radiological diagnoses are often difficult, and the diagnosis of undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver is based on its histology and immunophenotype. It is essential to recognize the characteristic histologic findings and the pattern of the immunohistochemistry staining to rule out other hepatic lesions. Multimodal therapy with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy has drastically improved the prognosis of patients with undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver. This successful management requires timely diagnosis for superior outcome.
Ezetimibe effectively decreases LDL-cholesterol in HIV-infected patients

We tested the security and efficacy of ezetimibe in the treatment of HIV-associated dyslipemia. Twenty HIV-infected patients were randomly assigned to receive ezetimibe 10 mg/day or fluvastatin 80 mg/day. Patients receiving ezetimibe experienced a statistically significant (P = 0.003) 20% reduction in the concentration of LDL-cholesterol, similar to that observed with fluvastatin (24%, P between groups 0.70). We concluded that ezetimibe monotherapy effectively decreases LDL-cholesterol in HIV-infected patients.
An audit of eye dryness and corneal abrasion in ICU patients in Iran.

BACKGROUND The use of sedation and muscle relaxants can predispose intensive care unit (ICU) patients to poor eyelid closure and eye disorders. These complications may not get the nursing care and attention that they require; this and the predisposing factors need to be further investigated. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this audit was to use the standard eye-care technique and determine the incidence of eye dryness and corneal abrasion, on day 5 after admission, in comatose patients in the ICU. DESIGN AND METHODS This was an audit, in the four ICUs in two teaching hospitals in the cities of Kashan and Tehran. An ophthalmologist examined the corneal abrasion and eye dryness on the day of admission and then day 5. The eye-care method and other variables such as sex and age were also recorded. Statistical tests of χ(2) , spearman and multiple linear regressions were used to determine the relationships between variables. RESULTS Eighty-seven patients participated in the audit. On day 5, 28 patients (32·2%) had dry eyes and 12 patients had developed corneal abrasion (13·8%). The mean of Schirmer tear value on admission was 21 ± 4·5 mm. This value decreased to 16·1 ± 5·6 mm on day 5. About 10·3% of patients who received eye lubricant products, and 20·7% of those receiving adhesive tape as eye-care method developed corneal abrasion. CONCLUSIONS Corneal abrasion and eye dryness were common problems in ICU patients. Eye dryness was the main risk factor for the development of corneal abrasion. Patients receiving adhesive tape as an eye-care method were twice more likely to develop corneal abrasion. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Eye care and eye assessment should be essential parts of nursing care for patients in ICU. To prevent corneal abrasion, using eye lubricants is more effective than closing eyes by adhesive tape.
Neutrosophy, a possible method of process analysis uncertainties solving

This paper presents the importance of neu-trosophy theory in order to find a method that could solve the uncertainties arising on process analysis. The aim of this pilot study is to find a procedure to diminish the uncertainties from automotive industry induced by manu-facturing, maintenance, logistics, design, hu-man resources.
Gate-all-around InGaAs nanowire FETS with peak transconductance of 2200μS/μm at 50nm Lg using a replacement Fin RMG flow

We report record results for III-V gate-all-around devices fabricated on 300mm Si wafers. A gm of 2200 μS/μm with an SSsat of 110 mV/dec is achieved for an Lg=50nm device using a newly developed gate stack interlayer material deposited by ALD. In addition it is shown that high pressure annealing can further improve device performance with an average increase in gm of 22% for a 400 °C anneal.
Eplerenone in hypertension

Appreciation of the role of aldosterone in cardiovascular and renal disease has increased in the last 50 years. The use of spironolactone was limited by adverse sexual effects, including gynaecomastia. Eplerenone is a newer aldosterone antagonist that is much more selective, with minimal affinity for progesterone and androgenic receptors; therefore, there are very few reports of adverse sexual effects. A review of published trials shows that eplerenone reduces blood pressure (BP) in a dose-dependent manner, from 50 to 200 mg/day, and to a similar degree as enalapril. It has an additive effect when given to patients inadequately controlled on an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin-receptor blocker. Eplerenone performs better than losartan in African-American patients and lowers BP regardless of initial plasma renin activity. The risk of hyperkalaemia is low, similar to that of enalapril, and < 1% of patients have had to be withdrawn from studies because of elevated serum potassium levels. Eplerenone is an effective, well-tolerated antihypertensive agent that may be used alone or in conjunction with other agents; apart from the risk of hyperkalaemia, adverse effects are similar to placebo.
Initiation and Synthesis of the Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 3 Capsule on a Phosphatidylglycerol Membrane Anchor

ABSTRACT The type 3 synthase from Streptococcus pneumoniae is a processive β-glycosyltransferase that assembles the type 3 polysaccharide [3)-β-d-GlcUA-(1→4)-β-d-Glc-(1→] by a multicatalytic process. Polymer synthesis occurs via alternate additions of Glc and GlcUA onto the nonreducing end of the growing polysaccharide chain. In the presence of a single nucleotide sugar substrate, the type 3 synthase ejects its nascent polymer and also adds a single sugar onto a lipid acceptor. Following single sugar incorporation from either UDP-[14C]Glc or UDP-[14C]GlcUA, we found that phospholipase D digestion of the Glc-labeled lipid yielded a product larger than a monosaccharide, while digestion of the GlcUA-labeled lipid resulted in a product larger than a disaccharide. These data indicated that the lipid acceptor contained a headgroup and that the order of addition to the lipid acceptor was Glc followed by GlcUA. Higher-molecular-weight product synthesized in vitro was also sensitive to phospholipase D digestion, suggesting that the same lipid acceptor was being used for single sugar additions and for polymer formation. Mass spectral analysis of the anionic lipids of a type 3 S. pneumoniae strain demonstrated the presence of glycosylated phosphatidylglycerol. This lipid was also observed in Escherichia coli strains expressing the recombinant type 3 synthase. The presence of the lipid primer in S. pneumoniae membranes explained both the ability of the synthase to reinitiate polysaccharide synthesis following ejection of its nascent chain and the association of newly synthesized polymer with the membrane. Unlike most S. pneumoniae capsular polysaccharides, the type 3 capsule is not covalently linked to the cell wall. The present data indicate that phosphatidylglycerol may anchor the type 3 polysaccharide to the cell membrane.
Impaired voluntary running capacity of creatine kinase‐deficient mice

The creatine kinase system (CK) is important for energy delivery in skeletal and cardiac muscles. The two main isoforms of this enzyme, cytosolic MM‐CK and mitochondrial mi‐CK, are expressed in a developmental and muscle‐type specific manner. Mice deficient in one or both of these isoforms are viable and fertile but exhibit profound functional, metabolic and structural muscle remodelling that primarily affects fast skeletal muscles, which show an increased contribution of oxidative metabolism to contractile function. However, the consequences of these alterations in terms of physical capabilities have not yet been characterized. Consequently, we compared the voluntary exercise capacity of 9‐month‐old male wild‐type (WT), M‐CK knockout (M‐CK−/−), and M‐CK and mi‐CK double knockout (CK−/−) mice, using cages equipped with running wheels. Exercise performance, calculated by total distance covered and by work done during the training period, was more than 10‐fold lower in CK−/− mice than controls, with M‐CK−/− mice exhibiting intermediate performance. Similarly, the mean distance run per activation was lower in M‐CK−/− and even lower in CK−/− mice. However, the maximal running speed (Vmax) was lower only for CK−/− mice. This was accompanied by severe skeletal muscle mass decrease in CK−/− mice, with signs of histological damage that included enlarged interstitial areas, aggregations of mononuclear cells in the interstitium, heterogeneity of myofibre size and the presence of very small fibres. No overt sign of cardiac dysfunction was observed by magnetic resonance imaging during dobutamine stimulation. These results show that metabolic failure induced by CK deficiency profoundly affects the ability of mice to engage in chronic bouts of endurance running exercise and that this decrease in performance is also associated with muscle wasting.
Utility of oligonucleotide array-based comparative genomic hybridization for detection of target gene deletions.

BACKGROUND direct DNA sequencing is the primary clinical technique for identifying mutations in human disease, but sequencing often does not detect intragenic or whole-gene deletions. Oligonucleotide array-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) is currently in clinical use to detect major changes in chromosomal copy number. METHODS a custom oligonucleotide-based microarray was constructed to provide high-density coverage of an initial set of 130 nuclear genes involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic and mitochondrial disorders. Standard array CGH procedures were used to test patient DNA samples for regions of copy number change. Sequencing of regions of predicted breakpoints in genomic DNA and PCR analysis were used to confirm oligonucleotide array CGH data. RESULTS oligonucleotide array CGH identified intragenic exonic deletions in 2 cases: a heterozygous single-exon deletion of 4.5 kb in the SLC25A13 gene [solute carrier family 25, member 13 (citrin)] in an individual with citrin deficiency and a homozygous 10.5-kb deletion of exons 13-17 in the ABCB11 gene [PFIC2, ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 11] in a patient with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis. In 2 females with OTC deficiency, we also found 2 large heterozygous deletions of approximately 7.4 Mb and 9 Mb on the short arm of the X chromosome extending from sequences telomeric to the DMD gene [dystrophin (muscular dystrophy, Duchenne and Becker types)] to sequences within or centromeric to the OTC gene (ornithine carbamoyltransferase). CONCLUSIONS these examples illustrate the successful use of custom oligonucleotide arrays to detect either whole-gene deletions or intragenic exonic deletions. This technology may be particularly useful as a complementary diagnostic test in the context of a recessive disease when only one mutant allele is found by sequencing.
Analysis of heat and cold shock proteins in Listeria by two‐dimensional electrophoresis

The proteins induced by heat and cold shock in Listeria monocytogenes (pathogenic for humans) and L. innocua (nonpathogenic) strains were analyzed by two‐dimensional (2‐D) electrophoresis with the help of a computerized 2‐D gel analysis system. Heat (49°C) and cold (4°C) shock repressed roughly half the number of proteins synthesized at normal temperature (25°C) and decreased the level of numerous other proteins. Conversely, the synthesis of a great number of proteins was enhanced and novel proteins appeared upon temperature stress. There were more proteins induced in the L. monocytogenes strain than in the L. innocua strain. Each stress induced a set of specific proteins. There was overlap between these sets of proteins induced by heat and cold shock. Furthermore, a number of heat or cold shock proteins were found to be induced in both Listeria species and by both heat and cold shock in both species. The induction by heat shock was more intense than that by cold shock. The most strongly induced common stress protein of Listeria had a molecular mass of 17.6 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.1.
Automated wire fault location using impedance spectroscopy and genetic algorithm

A new technique is proposed to detect and locate wire fault using impedance spectroscopy (IS) and a model-based optimization technique. The propagation along the cables is modeled by frequency dependent ABCD parameters. Genetic algorithms (GA) are used to solve the inverse problem. The novel method allows locating hard (short and open circuit) and soft (frays and junctions) faults and measuring the impedance of wire fault and consequently the types of wire fault can be distinguished. Results are presented to validate and illustrate the performance of this proposed method.
Environmental Factors in Childhood IDDM: A population-based, case-control study

OBJECTIVE To identify environmental factors involved in the etiology of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS An estimated 90% of all incident cases of IDDM in patients 0–14 years of age in New South Wales, Australia, were ascertained over 18 months. For each IDDM patient, two age- and sex-matched control subjects were randomly selected from the population. Past environmental exposures were determined with a questionnaire completed by the parents. Response rates were 92% for the IDDM patients (217 of 235) and 55% for the control subjects (258 of 470). The relative risk associated with each exposure was estimated with the odds ratio (OR) adjusted for confounding factors using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS The introduction of cow's milk-based infant formula into the diet before 3 months of age was associated with an increased risk (OR 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–2.24). Exclusive breast-feeding for ≥3 months was associated with a protective effect (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.45–0.97). High dietary intake of cow's milk protein in the 12 months before the onset of diabetic symptoms was also associated with an increased risk (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.12–3.00). A recent infection (during the 3 months before onset of diabetic symptoms) was more common in the patients than the control subjects (OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.96–4.35), as was day care attendance before the age of 3 (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.00–3.00). When two age-groups, defined by the median age at onset of diabetes, were compared, the associations with early infant-feeding were stronger among the younger group (<9.2 years), and associations with recent diet and recent infection were stronger among the older group (≥9.2 years). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate an increased risk of IDDM associated with early dietary exposure to cow's milk-containing formula, short duration of exclusive breast-feeding, high intake of cow's milk protein in the recent diet, recent infection, and early attendance at day care.
Genetic relationships among strains of Salmonella enteritidis in a national epidemic in Switzerland

SUMMARY A collection of Salmonella enteritidis strains isolated in Switzerland (1965–90) was characterized. The phage type and plasmid profile of isolates were compared with the copy number and insertion loci of the DNA insertion element IS200. Three clonal lines of S. enteritidis were identified by IS200 profile; the various phage types were subtypes reproducibly associated with one of these lines. All human and poultry isolates contained a 38 Mda plasmid which hybridized with a mouse virulence-associated gene probe. In S. enteritidis, the IS200 profile is a race-specific molecular marker of the chromosome, and may be particularly applicable for studying the epidemiology of less common serovars.
Endotoxin tolerance dysregulates MyD88‐ and Toll/IL‐1R domain‐containing adapter inducing IFN‐β‐dependent pathways and increases expression of negative regulators of TLR signaling

Endotoxin tolerance reprograms cell responses to LPS by repressing expression of proinflammatory cytokines, while not inhibiting production of anti‐inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial effectors. Molecular mechanisms of induction and maintenance of endotoxin tolerance are incompletely understood, particularly with regard to the impact of endotoxin tolerization on signalosome assembly, activation of adaptor‐kinase modules, and expression of negative regulators of TLR signaling in human cells. In this study, we examined LPS‐mediated activation of MyD88‐dependent and Toll‐IL‐1R‐containing adaptor inducing IFN‐β (TRIF)‐dependent pathways emanating from TLR4 and expression of negative regulators of TLR signaling in control and endotoxin‐tolerant human monocytes. Endotoxin tolerization suppressed LPS‐inducible TLR4‐TRIF and TRIF‐TANK binding kinase (TBK)1 associations, induction of TBK1 kinase activity, activation of IFN regulatory factor (IRF)‐3, and expression of RANTES and IFN‐β. Tolerance‐mediated dysregulation of the TLR4‐TRIF‐TBK1 signaling module was accompanied by increased levels of suppressor of IκB kinase‐ε (SIKE) and sterile α and Armadillo motif‐containing molecule (SARM). LPS‐tolerant cells showed increased expression of negative regulators Toll‐interacting protein (Tollip), suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)‐1, IL‐1R‐associated kinase‐M, and SHIP‐1, which correlated with reduced p38 phosphorylation, IκB‐α degradation, and inhibited expression of TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐8. To examine functional consequences of increased expression of Tollip in LPS‐tolerized cells, we overexpressed Tollip in 293/TLR4/MD‐2 transfectants and observed blunted LPS‐inducible activation of NF‐κB and RANTES, while TNF‐α responses were not affected. These data demonstrate dysregulation of TLR4‐triggered MyD88‐ and TRIF‐dependent signaling pathways and increased expression of negative regulators of TLR signaling in endotoxin‐tolerant human monocytes.
Role for interleukin‐1 in the pathogenesis of hypersensitivity diseases

Interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), a polypeptide product of various cells, is one of the key mediators of the body's response to microbial invasion, inflammation, immunological reactions, and tissue injury. IL‐1 is a prominent member of a group of polypeptide mediators now called “cytokines. ” Current evidence suggests that IL‐1 is not produced in health but that any perturbation such as inflammation or even slight injury triggers the expression of IL‐1 genes. The biological effects of IL‐1 are manifested in nearly every tissue and organ. These include various proinflammatory effects such as increased production of arachidonate metabolites, synovial cell proteases, activation of basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils, endothelial cell adhesiveness, and stimulation of lymphocyte responses. Control of IL‐1 synthesis in certain diseases is often appropriate. Although corticosteroids reduce both the transcription and translation of IL‐1, we have recently investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with N‐3 (omega‐3) fatty acids in human volunteers. The results indicate that increasing the amount of N‐fatty acids in the diet decreases the ability of blood mononuclear cells to synthesize IL‐1 in vitro. It is suggested that the ameliorative effects of N‐3 fatty acid dietary supplements in patients with hypersensitive diseases may be, in part, the result of decreased IL‐1 production.