Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Corporate governance and corporate social responsibility: issues for Asia

An increasingly important aspect of CSR is the recognition that sound practices are often based on good standards of corporate governance. Good corporate governance provides the foundations of good CSR by creating value-creating relationships with all stakeholders. This article seeks to review corporate governance issues from an Asian perspective. Ownership and control of many companies in the region differ from those commonly seen in the West and there are therefore specific issues that need to be addressed in this context. It is argued that the fact that so many Asian companies are dominated by controlling shareholders (often families) means that corporate governance may have to be even stronger in the Asian region than elsewhere. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Analysis of the Influence of Migrant Socioeconomic Factors to the Criminal Behavior at the Surabaya City

The research aimed at knowing the socioeconomic conditions of criminals after migrated to Surabaya City , Indonesia, and analyze the socioeconomic fa ctors to the emergence of criminal behavior. To know the social condition and the causing social factors of criminal behavior, then the research used qualitative approach that aims to dig the real meaning about the conditions and causing social factors of the criminal behavior. The research informants is the criminal migrants of 74 persons, at the custody of East Java Regional Police, City Police of Surabaya, and City Police of Tanjung Perak Port. The results showed that the socio economic conditions of the doers afte r migrated to Surabaya City is constant, because of interested in the urban culture that more modern to the rural area, and expect able to change their appearance and have urban characters, while the migrant’s life standard that decrease because do not have skill to get job. In the mean time, the socio economic factors of migrant that cause the criminal behaviors because only graduated from Senior High Schools /Aliyah that were not vocational education so do not have skills to get job, the emergence of disappointment in reaching the welfare, the criminal behaviors do not consider the religious precepts, moderate job sustainability with low income, difficulty in finding a job because of less job place availability, intense competition, many dependents out of family, influenced by milieu .
A SAR imaging simulator of a low-flying target above ocean surface with multipath effect

Most of the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image simulations are focused on the target in the free space and ignores the influence of environment scattering and the scattering from the multipath interactions between the target and background environment. In fact, the interaction for low flying target is strong and can produce undesired multipath signals which can severely affect radar target characteristics. This paper has developed an a facet scattering model based on the real electromagnetic scattering mechanisms in description of the multipath coupling mechanisms of low flying target above ocean surface. Finally, the SAR image simulations are made based on this model, which show apparent influence of sea surface scattering and the multipath scattering effect. It can help better understanding and evaluating the multipath effect in the radar detection of a low flying target in the real maritime environment.
Analysis of a production-inventory system with unreliable production facility

Hasselt Univ, Transportat Res Inst, Diepenbeek, B-3590 Belgium.Ramaekers, K, Hasselt Univ, Transportat Res Inst, Campus Dieoenbeek,Wetenschapspark 5 Bus 6, Diepenbeek, B-3590 Belgium.
The Market Reorientation of Farms: The Case of Olive Growing in the Nebrodi Area

In addition to safeguarding the landscape, olive growing makes a unique contribution to protecting the environment and the agricultural ecosystem. Olive growing in mountainous and hilly areas is severely constrained by structural limitations. Rural tourism can be a potential strategy to increase the competitiveness of olive-growing activities. After an initial analysis of the relationship between landscape, tourism, and olive growing, this study focused on olive growing in the Nebrodi area. In particular, we examined two case studies of olive farms to analyze the related production costs and market positioning strategies.
Clinical features, ARIX and PHOX2B nucleotide changes in three families with congenital superior oblique muscle palsy.

We analyzed nucleotide changes in 3 genes, ARIX, PHOX2B, and KIF21A, in 6 patients of 3 families with congenital superior oblique muscle palsy. Three exons of ARIX, 3 exons of PHOX2B, and exons 8, 20, and 21 of KIF21A were amplified by polymerase chain reaction from genomic DNA isolated from the peripheral blood. The DNA fragments were directly sequenced in both directions. In 2 different families, a heterozygous nucleotide change, ARIX 153G>A, in the 5'. -untranslated region was found in common between a father and daughter with muscle palsy and between a mother and daughter with muscle palsy (Family No. 1 and No. 3). In the other family (Family No. 2), a heterozygous 15-nucleotide deletion, PHOX2B 1124del15, resulting in loss of 5 alanine residues in the alanine repeat of the protein, was found in the daughter with muscle palsy and her father with normal traits, but was not found in the mother with muscle palsy. No KIF21A nucleotide change was found in any patients. The ARIX 153G>A polymorphism might be a genetic risk factor for the development of congenital superior oblique muscle palsy.
Acetylcholine Receptors: Number and Distribution at Neuromuscular Junctions in Rat Diaphragm

The number of acetylcholine receptors per motor end plate in the rat diaphragm, measured by the binding of [1251]α-bungarotoxin, varies directly with rat size and is (4.0 � 0.2) x 107 for full-grown male rats. Autoradiographic analysis of single fibers labeled with this substance reveals that virtually all of these receptors are localized in the end plate.
Rapid Viral Escape at an Immunodominant Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Epitope Exacts a Dramatic Fitness Cost

ABSTRACT Escape from specific T-cell responses contributes to the progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. T-cell escape viral variants are retained following HIV-1 transmission between major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-matched individuals. However, reversion to wild type can occur following transmission to MHC-mismatched hosts in the absence of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) pressure, due to the reduced fitness of the escape mutant virus. We estimated both the strength of immune selection and the fitness cost of escape variants by studying the rates of T-cell escape and reversion in pigtail macaques. Near-complete replacement of wild-type with T-cell escape viral variants at an immunodominant simian immunodeficiency virus Gag epitope KP9 occurred rapidly (over 7 days) following infection of pigtail macaques with SHIVSF162P3. Another challenge virus, SHIVmn229, previously serially passaged through pigtail macaques, contained a KP9 escape mutation in 40/44 clones sequenced from the challenge stock. When six KP9-responding animals were infected with this virus, the escape mutation was maintained. By contrast, in animals not responding to KP9, rapid reversion of the K165R mutation occurred over 2 weeks after infection. The rapidity of reversion to the wild-type sequence suggests a significant fitness cost of the T-cell escape mutant. Quantifying both the selection pressure exerted by CTL and the fitness costs of escape mutation has important implications for the development of CTL-based vaccine strategies.
Pharmacokinetic consequences of time-dependent inhibition using the isolated perfused rat liver model

Mathematical models exist to describe the pharmacokinetic changes caused by time-dependent inhibition (TDI) and these have been reported to predict accurately for several marketed drugs. However, their robustness using in-depth, carefully controlled pre-clinical studies has yet to be established. In the current study, the isolated perfused rat liver was employed to investigate the effects of TDI under carefully controlled conditions. A five-compartmental model was used to describe the observed data and bring context to in vitro TDI data (kinact and KI). Co-administration of midazolam with troleandomycin, mifepristone, erythromycin and the discovery compound, AZ-X, increased midazolam area under the curve (AUC) 3.2-, 2.5-, 1.6- and 1.0-fold, respectively, compared with AUC increases of 1.8-, 1.4-, 1.2- and 1.1-fold predicted by the model. These experimental findings, whilst modest in overall effect, support the use of this model in the rat and it is proposed that projections can be made for the likely clinical impact of novel time-dependent inhibitors in man based on predicted human pharmacokinetics and TDI potency determined in vitro.
Corporate effects and dynamic managerial capabilities

Corporate effects in variance decomposition capture heterogeneity of business performance derived from factors internal to firms at the corporate level. Most estimates of corporate effects do not include effects associated with fluctuations in returns over time, except insofar as the fluctuations affect the average corporate return for the time period in question. Exclusion of the time-varying dimension of the corporate effect makes it difficult to fully understand the effect of corporate strategy and the actions of corporate managers, particularly in response to a changing environment. The evidence in this article shows that within a single industry, where managers face the same external environment, time-varying corporate effects associated with corporate level managerial decisions are statistically significant. We introduce the concept of dynamic managerial capabilities to underpin the finding of heterogeneity in managerial decisions and firm performance in the face of changing external conditions. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role analysis for profile generation in heterogeneous social network

The social network is a powerful data structure allowing the study of relationship information between entities. The existing methods only rely on analyzing homogeneous social network assuming only a single type of node and relation. Though, real world complex networks are not so. Usually it is a heterogeneous social network which assumes a network with different types of nodes and relation. A Multi Relational Network (MRN) is used to describe the nodes and links in the form of a directional semantic graph where each node is related with more than one relationship with others. The profile for each node can be generated based on the relation sequence of each node. To analyze the relation of node in the heterogeneous social network, role analysis is done in the profile creation. The evaluations are conducted on a real-world movie dataset with promising results.
Toward a simple risk assessment screening tool for HCV infection in Egypt

Asymptomatic patients with HCV infection identified through screening program could benefit not only from treatment but also from other interventions such as counseling to maintain health and avoid risk behaviors. This might prevent the spread of infection and result in significant public health benefits. However, mass screening would quickly deplete resources. This work aims to develop a brief HCV risk assessment questionnaire that inquires initially about a wide range of risk factors found to be potentially associated with HCV infection in order to identify the few most significant questions that could be quickly used to facilitate cost‐effective HCV case‐finding in the general population in Egypt. An exhaustive literature search was done to include all reported HCV risk factors that were pooled in a 65 item questionnaire. After an initial pilot study, a case‐control study was performed that included 1,024 cases and 1,046 controls. In a multivariable model, a list of independent risk factors were found to be significant predictors for being HCV seropositive among two age strata (<45 and >45 years) for each gender. A simplified model that assigned values of the odds ratio as a weight for each factor present predicted HCV infection with high diagnostic accuracy. Attaining the defined cut‐off value of the total risk score enhances the effectiveness of screening. HCV risk factors in the Egyptian population vary by age and gender. An accurate prediction screening tool can be used to identify those at high risk who may benefit most from HCV serologic testing. These results are to be further validated in a large scale cross‐sectional study to assess the wider use of this tool. J. Med. Virol. 88:1767–1775, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact Assessment of Frontline Demonstrations of Bajra in Haryana State

The present study was carried out to know the yield gaps between Improved Package and practices (IP) and farmers practice (FP) of Bajra Crop. In IP the recommended dose of fertilizers is 40 kg N + 20 kg P2O5 / ha and 15 kg N + 62.5 kg P2O5/ha under rainfed and irrigated situations respectively. The yield in IP under irrigated conditions ranges from 1868 to 3390 kg/ha whereas under rainfed conditions it was in range of 1990 to 2240 kg/ ha. The per cent increase in yield with IP over FP was recorded in the range of 9.3 to 54.1 whereas per cent increase over state average yield was between 26.9 to 182.7. The improved hybrid HHB-97 gave significantly higher yield over local check i.e. HHB-67 (Improved) under both irrigated and rainfed situation. The yield advantage with HHB-197 over HHB-67 (improved) was in the range of 13.9 to 24.0% under irrigated conditions whereas the yield advantage under rainfed condition was between 8.4 to 13.0%. Where other improved hybrids i.e. HHB-117, HHB60, HHB-94 and HHB-67-2 performed significantly better over the local checks i.e. HC-4, HC-20 and HHB-68. for realizing profitable yield of pearl millet farmers should apply recommended dose of fertilizers, used improved hybrid seed, integrated weed management, water management and insect–pest management. Conducting of frontline demonstrations on farmers field also help to identify the constraints and potential of the pearl millet in that specific area in realizing the food security as well as it helps in improving the economic and social status.
Value of fusing PET plus CT images in hepatocellular carcinoma and combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma patients with extrahepatic metastases: preliminary findings

Abstract: Background/Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of 18F‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose positron emission tomography (PET) and PET plus computed tomography (CT) fusion images for the detection of extrahepatic metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma (combined HCC/CC).
US Bond Markets and Credit Spreads during the Great Depression

We investigate spreads of U.S. corporate bonds over Treasuries during the period 1927-1940. By examining the cross-section of bond performance, we obtain a richer picture of how the bond market behaved than can be obtained by examining existing data series. Not only were spreads wider for a given rating, but also the distribution of ratings in the market was worse during the Depression and subsequently. We decompose spreads into liquidity and credit components, and measure contagion effects, before, during, and after the Depression. ∗We thank Andriana Bellou, Stephen Cecchetti, Bruce Grundy, David Hargreaves, Leo Krippner, Miles Livingston, Spencer Martin, Christoph Thoenissen and Thijs Van Der Heijden for useful suggestion. The comments of seminar participants at the Reserve Bank of New Zealand and the University of Melbourne are gratefully acknowledged. †NZ Institute for the Study of Competition and Regulation ‡University of Melbourne
An Approach to the Equivalent-Time Sampling Technique for Pulse Transient Measurements

An approach to the time-equivalent sampling technique in time-domain measurements of transient pulses is presented in this work. An application in fluorescence spectroscopy is mention and the sampling processes as well as the different sampling techniques are briefly studied. The approach makes use a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) and a Personal Computer (PC) to demonstrate the technique. The DSP communicates with the computer via a standard serial port to receive commands and to transmit data. In addition to the sampling technique, the DSP also applies a method of noise suppression by averaging the sampled digital signal. A control program was developed in the graphical language G of LabVIEW 6.1 to register and plot the time-resolved pulse. Whit this approach we are able to resolve pulses with a time resolution of 16.66ns and a bandwidth of 1.25MHz
Understanding the Mediating Effect of Cognitive and Emotional satisfaction on Customer Loyalty

ABSTRACT Loyal customers are among the greatest revenue producer and are more likely to occur in a form of word-of-mouth. In the compound and vibrant Malaysian home computer retail market today, customer loyalty through word-of-mouth marketing tends to occur very slowly and is limited geographically but is a very potent method of marketing.The influence of cognitive and emotional satisfaction on the relationship between salesperson presentation skills and customer’s loyalty through intention to promote by word-of-mouth is vital. This will then lead to increased benefits for the organization in the form of customer loyalty. The cognitive evaluation of customer satisfaction was found to explain customer loyalty in a retail setting more than the emotional reaction. This finding holds importance to those retailers who have been able to generate high expectations in the eyes of their customers.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Fosmidomycin-Clindamycin versus Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine in the Treatment of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria

ABSTRACT Fosmidomycin-clindamycin therapy given every 12 h for 3 days was compared with a standard single oral dose of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. The two treatments showed comparably good tolerabilities and had an identical high degree of efficacy of 94% in a randomized trial carried out with 105 Gabonese children aged 3 to 14 years with uncomplicated malaria. These antimalarials merit further clinical exploration.
A Rehabilitation Program Recommendation for Patients with Juvenile Psoriatic Arthritis

Background: Juvenile psoriatic arthritis has become a wellrecognized subtype within the inflammatory arthritis of childhood. Fewer trials describing the outcomes of different rehabilitation regimens were identified. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of aerobic exercises to that of aerobic exercise combined to Narrowband Ultraviolet B in rehabilitation of patients with juvenile psoriatic arthritis.
Cloud Computing for Increased Business Value

In today’s business world with the amount of economic downturn and loss happening every day, the need for reliable, yet affordable technology is needed more than ever; cloud computing fills that void. Cloud computing offers its customers reliable service at flexible prices that do not break the bank. However, as good and innovative as cloud computing may be, it does not necessarily mean that cloud computing is good for all businesses. By researching the cloud computing services available, this paper explores the benefits, as well as the drawbacks of cloud computing within the business realm. By using Amazon’s cloud computing services as a model, this paper determines which types of businesses would most benefit from using cloud computing as part of their everyday operations. The author finds that in most situations small businesses reap the most benefits of cloud computing. Finally, looking to the future of cloud computing, the author comments on the role that cloud computing can play in businesses in the future.
Changes in synaptic integration during the growth of the lateral giant neuron of crayfish.

1. The effect of growth on the electrotonic structure and synaptic integrative properties of the lateral giant (LG) interneuron was assessed from anatomic and electrophysiological measurements of LGs in small (1-2.4 cm) and large (9-11.2 cm) crayfish and from calculated responses of mathematical models of these neurons. Postsynaptic responses of small and large LGs were compared with model responses to determine whether the differences in the neurons' responses result from growth-related changes in their physical characteristics. 2. LG neurons in the terminal abdominal ganglia of small and large crayfish are similar in shape but differ in size according to an approximately isometric pattern of growth. The soma diameter of the large LG is 2.2 times larger than the small LG, the major ipsilateral dendrite is 2.8 times longer and 3.6 times greater in diameter, and the axon is 7.6 times longer and 4.5 times greater in diameter. The projected area of the major ipsilateral dendrite of LG in the horizontal plane of the terminal abdominal ganglion is 27 times larger in the large than in the small crayfish. 3. LG's input resistance was nearly 80% smaller in the large (167 K omega) than in the small (742 K omega) crayfish when measured at or near the initial axon segment. The cell's membrane time constant displayed an opposite relationship, with the value in the large crayfish (20.9 ms) nearly two-and-a-half times larger than the value in the small crayfish (8.6 ms). 4. Simultaneous recordings were made from the distal portion of the ipsilateral dendrite and the initial axon segment of small and large LGs to determine how excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) are attenuated or filtered by the electrotonic properties of the different sized cells. In the small LG, the fast alpha and the slower beta components of compound EPSPs evoked by sensory nerve stimulation were similarly attenuated. In the large LG, the alpha component of the compound EPSP was much more attenuated and smoothed than the slower beta component. 5. Multicompartment models of small and large LGs were constructed and used to test whether differences in the two neurons' physical properties could account for the differences in their passive response properties. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Long‐term administration of cocaine or serotonin reuptake inhibitors results in anatomical and neurochemical changes in noradrenergic, dopaminergic, and serotonin pathways

The catechol and indole pathways are important components underlying plasticity in the frontal cortex and basal ganglia. This study demonstrates that administering rats either cocaine or a selective serotonin (or 5‐hydroxytryptamine; 5‐HT) reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) for 16 weeks results in reduced density of dopaminergic and noradrenergic terminals in the striatum and olfactory bulb, respectively, reflecting pruning of the terminal arbor of ventral midbrain dopaminergic and locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurones. In the striatum of cocaine‐treated animals, basal dopamine levels, as well as cocaine‐induced dopamine release, is diminished compared with controls. In contrast, serotonergic fibers, projecting from the raphe, sprout and have increased terminal density in the lateral septal nucleus and frontal cortex, following long‐term cocaine or SSRI treatment. This is associated with elevated basal 5‐HT and enhanced cocaine‐induced 5‐HT release in the frontal cortex. The anatomical and neurochemical changes in serotonergic fibers following cocaine or SSRI treatment may be explained by attenuated 5‐HT1A autoreceptor function in the raphe. This study demonstrates extensive plasticity in the morphology and neurochemistry of the catechol and indole pathways that contribute to drug‐induced plasticity of the corticostriatal (and other) projections. Moreover, our data suggest that drug‐induced plastic adaptation is anatomically widespread and consequently, likely to have multiple and complex consequences.