Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Production of intravenous human dengue immunoglobulin from Brazilian-blood donors

A dengue representa um importante problema de saude no Brasil, portanto, a identificacao de vacina ou tratamento eficaz e uma necessidade urgente. A neutralizacao do virus da dengue, por anticorpo especifico, tem potencial aplicacao terapeutica. Descrevemos aqui, pela primeira vez, a preparacao de imunoglobulina especifica para o virus da dengue (IgG anti-DENV), produzida a partir do plasma selecionado de doadores brasileiros. A producao foi realizada utilizando o metodo classico de Cohn-Oncley com pequenas modificacoes. A IgG anti-DENV foi bioquimicamente e biofisicamente caracterizada e cumpriu os requisitos definidos pela Farmacopeia Europeia. O produto final foi capaz de neutralizar diferentes sorotipos do virus (DENV-1, DENV-2 e DENV-3), enquanto que a IgG comercial, produzida a partir do plasma de doadores americanos, apresentou baixos titulos de anticorpos anti-dengue. No geral, esta IgG anti-DENV representa uma importante etapa para o estudo do potencial terapeutico e seguranca da neutralizacao, por anticorpos especificos, do virus da dengue em humanos.
Mixed Stochastic User Equilibrium Behavior under Traveler Information Provision Services with Heterogeneous Multiclass, Multicriteria Decision Making

This article studies travelers' mixed stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) behaviors under traveler information provision services with heterogeneous multiclass multicriteria decision making. A multiclass, multicriteria mixed SUE assignment model under traveler information provision services is proposed and modeled as a nonlinear complementary problem (NCP). The model considers heterogeneous road travelers who are assumed to be multicriteria decision makers. The route choice behaviors of equipped and unequipped travelers under traveler information provision services is then formulated as an optimization program, in which the net economic benefit is maximized and the total generated emissions are constrained. The optimization model has an interpretation from economic, behavioral, and environmental viewpoints. The solution of this program satisfies the logit-based SUE assignment. By deriving first-order optimality conditions from this program, the marginal cost pricing policy is obtained. This pricing is not only class dependent but also link dependent.
Physiologic Effects of Intravenous Fluid Administration in Healthy Volunteers

Dose regimens in perioperative fluid management are rarely evidence based. Therefore, we investigated responses to an IV fluid infusion in healthy volunteers to assess basic physiologic effects of a fluid infusion per se. In a prospective, double-blinded, cross-randomized study, 12 healthy volunteers with a median age of 63 yr (range, 59–67 yr) received an infusion of lactated Ringer’s solution 40 mL/kg (median, 2820 mL) or 5 mL/kg (median, 353 mL; background infusion) in random order on two separate occasions. The study was designed to mimic the perioperative course with preoperative fasting, infusion of the fluid over 3 h in the morning, and additionally 24-h hospitalization under standardized conditions. Primary outcome assessments were pulmonary function (spirometry), exercise capacity (submaximal treadmill test), balance function (BalanceMaster®), and weight. Infusion of 40 mL/kg of lactated Ringer’s solution compared with the background infusion (5 mL/kg) resulted in a significant decrease in pulmonary function and a significant weight gain of median 0.85 kg (range, −0.2–1.6 kg;P = 0.003) persisting 24 h after the infusion. Exercise capacity and balance function were not influenced by fluid administration. These findings may serve as a basis for clinical studies applying the same type of fluid in different amounts to determine the optimal amount of perioperative fluid in various surgical procedures.
Initiation of illicit drugs among youth : determinants and responses

ii TABLE OF CONTENTS . iii LIST OF TABLES . vi LIST OF FIGURES . vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . viii DEDICATION . ix CO-AUTHORSHIP STATEMENT . x CHAPTER 1: Background and research objectives . 1 1.1 Initiation of problematic drug use and injection drug use among youth . 1 1.2 Environmental-structural factors as determinants of initiation of problematic drug use among at-risk youth . 3 1.3 Interventions for the prevention of illicit drug use and drug scene involvement among youth . 5 1.4 Study objectives, setting and outline . 6 1.5 References . 12 CHAPTER 2: Preventing the initiation of illicit drug use among youth: A narrative review . 21 2.
Trial-and-error method for automated test data generation and its evaluation

This paper discusses the trial-and-error method for automatic generation of test data. First, the performance of a simple trial-and-error method is discussed and an idea of improvement is shown. Then an improved trial-and-error method is proposed. In this method, the dynamic determination of the range of the random variable for the linear path predicate is considered. The problem is linearized in the trial-and-error process for the path predicate containing nonlinear conditional expressions, and then the order of determination of the variables is also considered. The dynamical determination of the order of the variable is considered for the path predicate containing the ambiguous array reference. Finally, the method is evaluated by an experiment.
Impact of Equivalent Oxide Thickness on Threshold Voltage Variation Induced by Work-Function Variation in Multigate Devices

Using 3-D technology computer aided design simulation, we investigated the impact of equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) on threshold voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{{\text {TH}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) variation induced by work-function variation (WFV) in multigate devices. The WFV-induced <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{{\text {TH}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> variation in multigate devices does not significantly vary with the dielectric constant of the gate dielectric material, but increases with decreasing physical oxide thickness (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${T}_{{\text {OX}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). As <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${T}_{{\text {OX}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> becomes thinner, electric field tends to be locally concentrated, causing a large variation of electrostatic potential in channel. The slope of the ratio of average grain size to gate area (RGG) plot is observed with various oxide thicknesses. It is confirmed that we can alleviate the WFV-induced <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{{\text {TH}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> variation without significant performance degradation if gate dielectric layer becomes thicker with appropriately adopted higher-k engineering. In addition, the impact of EOT (including interface layer) on the WFV-induced <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{{\text {TH}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> variation is studied.
Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction associated with choledochal cyst

Abstract The pathophysiology of choledochal cysts remains unclear, although an association with anomalous pancreato‐biliary junction and the reflux of pancreatic enzymes into the biliary tree is known. Sphincter of Oddi (SO) manometry was performed in three patients with choledochal cysts. All patients exhibited an elevated basal pressure diagnostic of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. Two patients exhibited anomalous pancreato‐biliary junction. This report suggests an association between the choledochal cyst and sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, and may suggest that SO dysfunction plays a role in choledochal cyst formation.
Crosslinking of dry deoxyribonucleic acids by electrons.

Descxyribonncleic acid from protein was irradiated with 1- to 2-Mev electrons and changes in the physicochemical properties were measured. The changes were essentially the same in dry samples and those containing 25% water. The principal effect of radiation was a decrease in viscosity. Changes were interpreted as the result of the production of branched molecules by the simultaneous formation of cross links and main-chain scissors. Possible reaction mechanisms involved are discussed. (C.H.)
A Longitudinal Swedish Study on Screening for Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma: Evidence of Effectiveness and Overtreatment

Background: Organized Papanicolaou (Pap) screening has markedly reduced the incidence of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, the potential for overtreatment of precursor lesions is quite high for SCC, and the effectiveness of Pap screening for prevention of cervical adenocarcinoma is questionable. Methods: Using the nationwide, virtually complete Swedish Cancer Register, we analyzed standardized incidence rates for SCC in situ (CIS), SCC, adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and adenocarcinoma, between 1968 and 2002. For each county, we calculated Spearman correlations between incidence of in situ lesions and incidence of invasive cancer, 5, 10, and 15 years later. We also used generalized estimating equation (GEE) models to compare adjusted estimates for associations between in situ incidences and invasive carcinomas over counties. Results: The overall decrease in SCC incidence in Sweden following the introduction of cervical screening confirms the beneficial nature of cervical screening on SCC incidence over the last 30 years. A similar benefit was not apparent for adenocarcinoma. GEE estimates for the relative change in SCC for an increase of 100 CIS cases per 100,000 women-years were 1.05 for the 5-year and 1.02 for the 10-year lag periods. For adenocarcinoma and AIS, similar analyses gave corresponding estimates of 1.17 for the 5-year and 1.08 for the 10-year lag periods. The lack of an inverse correlation suggests that increased reported incidence of CIS in certain counties did not forecast a reduction in SCC for those counties. Conclusion: Our data confirm the effectiveness of Pap smear screening in reducing the incidence of SCC, but suggest no clear benefit on adenocarcinoma. Our data also suggest that relaxed histopathologic criteria for diagnosis of cervical CIS may increase its recorded incidence with no measurable benefit in the reduction of invasive cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(12):2641–8)
Antibiotic prescribing for adults with colds, upper respiratory tract infections, and bronchitis by ambulatory care physicians.

CONTEXT Antibiotic use is associated with increased rates of antibiotic-resistant organisms. A previous study has shown that colds, upper respiratory tract infections, and bronchitis account for nearly one third of all antibiotic prescribing by ambulatory care physicians. How frequently antibiotics are prescribed for these conditions and for and by whom is not known. OBJECTIVES To measure antibiotic prescription rates and to identify predictors of antibiotic use for adults diagnosed as having colds, upper respiratory tract infections, and bronchitis in the United States. DESIGN Sample survey of practicing physicians participating in the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, 1992. SETTING Office-based physician practices. SUBJECTS Physicians (n=1529) completing patient record forms for adult office visits (n=28787). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Antibiotic prescriptions for colds, upper respiratory tract infections, and bronchitis. RESULTS Office visits for colds, upper respiratory tract infections, and bronchitis resulted in approximately 12 million antibiotic prescriptions, accounting for 21% of all antibiotic prescriptions to adults in 1992. A total of 51 % of patients diagnosed as having colds, 52% of patients diagnosed as having upper respiratory tract infections, and 66% of patients diagnosed as having bronchitis were treated with antibiotics. Female sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-2.62) and rural practice location (OR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.33-3.80) were associated with greater antibiotic prescription rates, whereas black race (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.21-0.93) was associated with lower antibiotic prescription rates. Patient age, Hispanic ethnicity, geographic region, physician specialty, and payment sources were not associated with antibiotic prescription rates in the bivariate analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified only rural practice location (adjusted OR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.39-4.76) to be independently associated with more frequent antibiotic prescriptions for colds, upper respiratory tract infections, and bronchitis. CONCLUSION Although antibiotics have little or no benefit for colds, upper respiratory tract infections, or bronchitis, these conditions account for a sizable proportion of total antibiotic prescriptions for adults by office-based physicians in the United States. Overuse of antibiotics is widespread across geographical areas, medical specialties, and payment sources. Therefore, effective strategies for changing prescribing behavior for these conditions will need to be broad based.
Aspekte des Qualitätsmanagements bei der Implementierung einer Suchmaschine

In diesem Aufsatz soll die geplante Implementierung von Suchmaschinentechnologien im Fachportal Padagogik zum Anlass genommen werden, um sich mit den damit verbundenen neuen Anforderungen an ein Qualitatsmanagement auseinanderzusetzen. Im Zentrum stehen die Fragen, welche Zusammenhange die RechercheSituationen formen und welche Schlussfolgerungen sich daraus fur ein Evaluationsdesign ergeben. Als analytisches Instrumentarium soll dabei eine soziotechnische Sichtweise auf das Information-Retrieval-System (IR) dienen.
Differences in the performance of children with specific language impairment and their typically developing peers on nonverbal cognitive tests: a meta-analysis.

PURPOSE This study used meta-analysis to investigate the difference in nonverbal cognitive test performance of children with specific language impairment (SLI) and their typically developing (TD) peers. METHOD The meta-analysis included studies (a) that were published between 1995 and 2012 of children with SLI who were age matched (and not nonverbal cognitive matched) to TD peers and given a norm-referenced nonverbal cognitive test and (b) that reported sufficient data for an effect size analysis. Multilevel modeling was used to examine the performance of children with SLI relative to their typically developing, age-matched peers on nonverbal IQ tests. RESULTS Across 138 samples from 131 studies, on average children with SLI scored 0.69 standard deviations below their TD peers on nonverbal cognitive tests after adjusting for the differences in the tests used, the low-boundary cutoff scores, the age of the participants, and whether studies matched the two groups on socioeconomic status. DISCUSSION The lower performance of children with SLI relative to TD children on nonverbal IQ tests has theoretical implications for the characterization of SLI and clinical and political implications regarding how nonverbal cognitive tests are used and interpreted for children with this disorder.
Cyclic AMP‐dependent modulation of giant depolarizing potentials by metabotropic glutamate receptors in the rat hippocampus.

1. Intracellular recordings were used to study the role of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in modulating GABA‐mediated giant depolarizing potentials (GDPs) in immature rat hippocampal CA3 neurones. 2. The mGluR antagonist (RS)‐alpha‐methyl‐4‐carboxyphenylglycine (MCPG, 1 mM) reduced the frequency of GDPs. The broad‐spectrum ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonist kynurenic acid (1 mM) blocked GDPs. 3. In the presence of kynurenic acid, both tetanic stimulation of the hilus or bath application of quisqualic acid (1 microM) and trans‐1‐aminocyclopentane‐1,3‐dicarboxylic acid (t‐ACPD, 20 microM) induced the appearance of GDPs. These effects were antagonized by MCPG (1 mM) or L(+)‐2‐amino‐3‐phosphonopropionic acid (L‐AP3) and blocked by bicuculline (10 microM). 4. 8‐Bromo‐cAMP (8‐Br‐cAMP, 0.3 mM), 3‐isobutyl‐1‐methylxanthine (IBMX, 200 microM) or forskolin (30 microM) mimicked the effects of mGluR agonists on GDPs. The forskolin analogue 1,9‐dideoxyforskolin (30 microM), which does not activate adenylate cyclase, was ineffective. 5. Incubation of slices in the presence of the protein kinase A inhibitor Rp‐adenosine 3',5'‐cyclic monophosphothioate triethylamine (Rp‐cAMPS) (500 microM) or superfusion of Rp‐cAMPS (20 microM) prevented the effects of forskolin or t‐ACPD on GDPs. In the presence of kynurenic acid, the protein kinase C activator, phorbol 12,13‐diacetate (2 microM) induced the appearance of GDPs. This effect was prevented by staurosporine (1 microM). However, staurosporine (1‐3 microM) did not modify the effects of t‐ACPD on GDPs. 6. It is suggested that, during development, mGluRs enhance the synchronous release of GABA, responsible for GDPs, through cAMP‐dependent protein kinase.
Automated Software Security Requirements Recommendation Based on FT-SR Model

—Since security is recommended to be evaluated at the beginning of the software development process, specifying software security requirements is inevitable in developing Critical Information Security Systems. However, according to the ISO/IEC 15408 (known as Common Criteria), determining detailed software security requirements (SRs) is quite challenging, complex which needs lots of expert knowledge of security. In this paper, a data-driven Functionality Topic-Security Requirement (FT-SR) model is proposed to recommend software SRs based on the relationship between software functionality speciﬁcation and SRs from software Security Target (ST) which have been written in accordance with ISO/IEC 15408. First, we extract descriptions of functionality and tag SRs all from software STs. Second, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) is adopted to build functionality topics for product functionality description. Third, a FT-SR model is developed based on the mapping between product functionality topics and SRs which have been tagged in ST documents. Finally, a recommendation strategy is proposed to recommend SRs based on the FT-SR model for software products. Our experiments are performed on ST documents of over 600 software products provided by Common Criteria. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can generate a set of recommended SRs reducing the difﬁculty of SRs recommending even for people lack knowledge of security.
Dietary Phosphate Binding and Loading Alter Kidney Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme mRNA and Protein Content in 5/6 Nephrectomized Rats

Background: Vitamin D receptor activation with paricalcitol can modulate the transcription of renin-angiotensin system components in the surgical 5/6 nephrectomy rat model (5/6 NX) of chronic renal insufficiency. We tested the hypothesis whether dietary modification of phosphate influences kidney renin-angiotensin system gene expression at the mRNA level in 5/6 NX rats. Methods: Fifteen weeks after surgery, rats were given control diet (0.3% calcium, 0.5% phosphate), phosphate-lowering diet (3% calcium as carbonate) or high-phosphate diet (1.5%) for 12 weeks. Sham-operated rats were on control diet. Results: Blood pressure, plasma phosphate, parathyroid hormone, glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial damage, and FGF-23 were increased in remnant kidney rats, whereas creatinine clearance was decreased. Phosphate, parathyroid hormone, glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial damage, and FGF-23 were further elevated by the high-phosphate diet, but were reduced by the phosphate-lowering diet. Plasma calcium was increased with the phosphate-lowering diet and decreased with the high-phosphate diet. Remnant kidney rats on control diet showed upregulated kidney angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin (Ang) IV receptor (AT4) transcription, while ACE2, Ang II type 2 receptor and renin receptor transcription were downregulated in comparison with sham rats. Phosphate-lowering diet reduced whereas high-phosphate diet increased kidney ACE, and these effects were observed at both mRNA and protein levels. Dietary phosphate loading also resulted in lower AT1a gene transcription. Conclusion: Dietary phosphate loading was associated with elevated kidney ACE expression, increased tissue damage and lower AT1a transcription in 5/6 NX rats. Phosphate binding with 3% calcium carbonate had opposite effects on ACE and kidney damage.
A study of trenched capacitor structures

Trenched structures have been fabricated using a highly anisotropic low ion energy bombardment etching technique and evaluated using their CV characteristics. It is shown that the structure can be modeled by two capacitors in parallel, one for the bottom and the other for the sidewall. Obtained results indicate that the crystal orientation of the side and bottom surfaces of the trench determine the value of Nf, fixed charge, and oxide thickness, especially in the thin range. Orientation-dependent oxidation rates account for the different oxide thicknesses on the sides and bottoms of the trenches. Both the value of Nfand the oxide thickness on each wall determine the flat-band voltage Vfbof the corresponding capacitors so that the overall capacitance behavior is given by the relative importance of the side and bottom components. A lower value of Nfthan previously reported is found with the etching technique used. It is also shown that an improvement of Nfcan be obtained by aligning the trench sidewall along 〈100〉 plane.
Gene RRN4 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes the A12.2 subunit of RNA polymerase I and is essential only at high temperatures

We have previously isolated mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that are primarily defective in transcription of 35S rRNA genes by RNA polymerase I and have identified genes (RRN1 to RRN9) involved in this process. We have now cloned the RRN4 gene by complementation of the temperature-sensitive phenotype of the rrn4-1 mutant and have determined its complete nucleotide sequence. The following results demonstrate that the RRN4 gene encodes the A12.2 subunit of RNA polymerase I. First, RRN4 protein expressed in Escherichia coli reacted with a specific antiserum against A12.2. Second, amino acid sequences of three tryptic peptides obtained from A12.2 were determined, and these sequences are found in the deduced amino acid sequence of the RRN4 protein. The amino acid sequence of the RRN4 protein (A12.2) is similar to that of the RPB9 (B12.6) subunit of yeast RNA polymerase II; the similarity includes the presence of two putative zinc-binding domains. Thus, A12.2 is a homolog of B12.6. We propose to rename the RRN4 gene RPA12. Deletion of RPA12 produces cells that are heat but not cold sensitive for growth. We have found that in such null mutants growing at permissive temperatures, the cellular concentration of A190, the largest subunit of RNA polymerase I, is lower than in the wild type. In addition, the temperature-sensitive phenotype of the rpa12 null mutants can be partially suppressed by RPA190 (the gene for A190) on multicopy plasmids. These results suggest that A12.2 plays a role in the assembly of A190 into a stable polymerase I structure.