Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Fasting-induced Adipose Factor/Angiopoietin-like Protein 4 Is Physically Associated with Lipoproteins and Governs Plasma Lipid Levels and Adiposity*

Proteins secreted from adipose tissue are increasingly recognized to play an important role in the regulation of glucose metabolism. However, much less is known about their effect on lipid metabolism. The fasting-induced adipose factor (FIAF/angiopoietin-like protein 4/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ angiopoietin-related protein) was previously identified as a target of hypolipidemic fibrate drugs and insulin-sensitizing thiazolidinediones. Using transgenic mice that mildly overexpress FIAF in peripheral tissues we show that FIAF is an extremely powerful regulator of lipid metabolism and adiposity. FIAF overexpression caused a 50% reduction in adipose tissue weight, partly by stimulating fatty acid oxidation and uncoupling in fat. In addition, FIAF overexpression increased plasma levels of triglycerides, free fatty acids, glycerol, total cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. Functional tests indicated that FIAF overexpression severely impaired plasma triglyceride clearance but had no effect on very low density lipoprotein production. The effects of FIAF overexpression were amplified by a high fat diet, resulting in markedly elevated plasma and liver triglycerides, plasma free fatty acids, and plasma glycerol levels, and impaired glucose tolerance in FIAF transgenic mice fed a high fat diet. Remarkably, in mice the full-length form of FIAF was physically associated with HDL, whereas truncated FIAF was associated with low density lipoprotein. In human both full-length and truncated FIAF were associated with HDL. The composite data suggest that via physical association with plasma lipoproteins, FIAF acts as a powerful signal from fat and other tissues to prevent fat storage and stimulate fat mobilization. Our data indicate that disturbances in FIAF signaling might be involved in dyslipidemia.
Dietary patterns and non-communicable disease risk in Indian adults: secondary analysis of Indian Migration Study data

Abstract Objective Undernutrition and non-communicable disease (NCD) are important public health issues in India, yet their relationship with dietary patterns is poorly understood. The current study identified distinct dietary patterns and their association with micronutrient undernutrition (Ca, Fe, Zn) and NCD risk factors (underweight, obesity, waist:hip ratio, hypertension, total:HDL cholesterol, diabetes). Design Data were from the cross-sectional Indian Migration Study, including semi-quantitative FFQ. Distinct dietary patterns were identified using finite mixture modelling; associations with NCD risk factors were assessed using mixed-effects logistic regression models. Setting India. Subjects Migrant factory workers, their rural-dwelling siblings and urban non-migrants. Participants (7067 adults) resided mainly in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh. Results Five distinct, regionally distributed, dietary patterns were identified, with rice-based patterns in the south and wheat-based patterns in the north-west. A rice-based pattern characterised by low energy consumption and dietary diversity (‘Rice & low diversity’) was consumed predominantly by adults with little formal education in rural settings, while a rice-based pattern with high fruit consumption (‘Rice & fruit’) was consumed by more educated adults in urban settings. Dietary patterns met WHO macronutrient recommendations, but some had low micronutrient contents. Dietary pattern membership was associated with several NCD risk factors. Conclusions Five distinct dietary patterns were identified, supporting sub-national assessments of the implications of dietary patterns for various health, food system or environment outcomes.
Container Anomaly Detection Using Neural Networks Analyzing System Calls

Container environments permeate all areas of computing, such as HPC, since they are lightweight, efficient, and ease the deployment of software. However, due to the shared host kernel, their isolation is considered to be weak, so additional protection mechanisms are needed.This paper shows that neural networks can be used to do anomaly detection by observing the behavior of containers through system call data. In more detail the detection of anomalies in file and directory paths used by system calls is evaluated to show their advantages and drawbacks.
Characterization of cities based on world grid square statistics about specific properties

This article proposes how to capture characteristics of cities based on world grid square statistics about the number of properties. First, how to compute grid square statistics from point data is explained, and a definition of the world grid square coding system is introduced. Second, a method to characterize cities based on grid square statistics about the number of properties is proposed. Empirical analysis for seven selected types of properties (automated teller machines (ATM), hostels, toilets, banks, post offices, hotels, and cafes) in Kyoto, Japan, and Erevan, Armenia, is conducted. Both the ordinary least squares (OLS) and reduced major axis (RMA) regression analyses for the linear relationship among the numbers of properties in terms of world grid square are used with the t-test in order to measure co-occurrence among properties. Moreover, a method to compare two cities based on matrices of regression coefficients is proposed. The comparative analysis between the OLS regression analysis and the RMA regression analysis is conducted. We discuss a relationship between the proposed method and statistical disclosure control (SDC) methods introduced in official statistics and an application of the proposed method to private information regarding confidentiality of private information with geographical positions.
Analysis of Software Requirements Engineering Exercises in a Global Virtual Team Setup

Businesses that are involved in offshore software development often operate in a virtual project environment in which peer teams located at customer premise exchange project specifications with the offshore software development facility. To understand the complex issues in such a virtual project environment during the requirements definition phase of the software development cycle, we conducted an exploratory research study, involving 24 virtual teams based in Canada and India, working on defining business requirements for software projects, over a period of five weeks. The study indicates that trust between the teams and well-defined task structure positively influence the efficiency, effectiveness, and satisfaction level of global virtual teams.
The alternatively spliced exon of the platelet-derived growth factor A chain encodes a nuclear targeting signal

We have previously shown that the SIS/platelet-derived growth factor B chain contains a nuclear targeting signal near its C terminus. Here we show that the platelet-derived growth factor A chain also contains a nuclear targeting signal encoded by an exon which is subject to alternative splicing. This sequence is capable of targeting a nonsecreted form of the A chain to the nucleus and can also target the cytoplasmic proteins dihydrofolate reductase, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, and pyruvate kinase to the nucleus.
Dual Coding Theory Explains Biphasic Collective Computation in Neural Decision-Making

A central question in cognitive neuroscience is how unitary, coherent decisions at the whole organism level can arise from the distributed behavior of a large population of neurons with only partially overlapping information. We address this issue by studying neural spiking behavior recorded from a multielectrode array with 169 channels during a visual motion direction discrimination task. It is well known that in this task there are two distinct phases in neural spiking behavior. Here we show Phase I is a distributed or incompressible phase in which uncertainty about the decision is substantially reduced by pooling information from many cells. Phase II is a redundant or compressible phase in which numerous single cells contain all the information present at the population level in Phase I, such that the firing behavior of a single cell is enough to predict the subject's decision. Using an empirically grounded dynamical modeling framework, we show that in Phase I large cell populations with low redundancy produce a slow timescale of information aggregation through critical slowing down near a symmetry-breaking transition. Our model indicates that increasing collective amplification in Phase II leads naturally to a faster timescale of information pooling and consensus formation. Based on our results and others in the literature, we propose that a general feature of collective computation is a “coding duality” in which there are accumulation and consensus formation processes distinguished by different timescales.
Dissecting the cannabinergic control of behavior: The where matters

The endocannabinoid system is the target of the main psychoactive component of the plant Cannabis sativa, the Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). This system is composed by the cannabinoid receptors, the endogenous ligands, and the enzymes involved in their metabolic processes, which works both centrally and peripherally to regulate a plethora of physiological functions. This review aims at explaining how the site‐specific actions of the endocannabinoid system impact on memory and feeding behavior through the cannabinoid receptors 1 (CB1R). Centrally, CB1R is widely distributed in many brain regions, different cell types (e.g. neuronal or glial cells) and intracellular compartments (e.g. mitochondria). Interestingly, cellular and molecular effects are differentially mediated by CB1R according to their cell‐type localization (e.g. glutamatergic or GABAergic neurons). Thus, understanding the cellular and subcellular function of CB1R will provide new insights and aid the design of new compounds in cannabinoid‐based medicine.
Untersuchungen zur Modulation der Hitzeschockprotein 70 (Hsp70)-Expression und Identifizierung Hsp70-assoziierter Moleküle auf der Zellmembran

Erst seit kurzer Zeit ist bekannt, dass das Hitzeschockprotein 70 (Hsp70) auf der Zelloberflache von Tumorzellen exprimiert wird. Ich konnte in meiner Doktorarbeit zeigen, dass die Oberflachenexpression von Hsp70 nicht nur auf Tumorzellenkulturzelllinien beschrankt ist, sondern auch auf Tumorbiopsiematerial und bei hamatologischen Erkrankungen auftritt. Exemplarisch wurden Daten des Screeningprogramms mit Melanomen gezeigt. Auf Zellen von gesunden Geweben oder auf PBL gesunder Spender konnte keine Hsp70-Oberflachenexpression detektiert werden. Diese Befunde lassen die Aussage zu, dass es sich bei der Hsp70-Membranexpression um ein Tumor-spezifisches Merkmal handelt. Weiterhin untersuchte ich, ob sich die Hsp70-Membranexpression durch anti-neoplastische Reagenzien oder durch eine subletale -Bestrahlung modifizieren last. Ich konnte feststellen, dass speziell Tubulin-interagierende Zytostatika wie z.B. Paclitaxel oder Vincristin die Hsp70-Expression sowohl im Zytoplasma als auch auf der Membran steigern konnen. Im Gegensatz dazu wurde die Hsp70-Expression durch DNA-interagierende Reagenzien (z.B. Ifosfamid oder Cytarabin) weder im Zytoplasma noch auf der Zellmembran beeinflusst. Weiterhin konnte ich feststellen, dass durch subletale -Bestrahlung die Hsp70-Membranexpression in Tumorzellen gesteigert werden konnte, die initial eine schwache Expression aufwiesen, wohingegen die Expression von initial stark exprimierenden Zellen nicht beeinflust wird. Daruber hinaus konnte ich zeigen, dass Hsp70 zusammen mit dem Regulator- und Adapter-Protein Bag-4, sowohl im Zytoplasma, wie auch auf der Zellmembran interagiert. Die Zellmembranexpression von Hsp70 und Bag-4 erscheint nach Stresseinwirkung (Bestrahlung) einer Koregulation zu unterliegen. Erste experimentelle Hinweise meiner Arbeit deuten darauf hin, dass Hsp70 und Bag-4 in der Zellmembran in Caveolae organisiert sind. Eine Koexpression der Proteine mit Caveolin-1 und Rab-4 konnte von mir nachgewiesen werden. Daruber hinaus gelang es mir nachzuweisen, dass Hsp70/Bag-4-positive Tumorzellen resistenter gegenuber Bestrahlungs-induzierte Effekte sind, wie z.B. dem G2/M-Arrest, der zu einer Proliferationshemmung fuhrt. Zum anderen werden diese gegen konventionelle Therapien resistenten Tumore sehr gut von NK-Zellen erkannt, da Membran-standiges Hsp70 als Erkennungs- und Zielstruktur fungiert.
New Methods to Estimate 2D Water Level Distributions of Dynamic Rivers

River restoration measures are becoming increasingly popular and are leading to dynamic river bed morphologies that in turn result in complex water level distributions in a river. Disconnected river branches, nonlinear longitudinal water level profiles and morphologically induced lateral water level gradients can evolve rapidly. The modeling of such river‐groundwater systems is of high practical relevance in order to assess the impact of restoration measures on the exchange flux between a river and groundwater or on the residence times between a river and a pumping well. However, the model input includes a proper definition of the river boundary condition, which requires a detailed spatial and temporal river water level distribution. In this study, we present two new methods to estimate river water level distributions that are based directly on measured data. Comparing generated time series of water levels with those obtained by a hydraulic model as a reference, the new methods proved to offer an accurate and faster alternative with a simpler implementation.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Multiethnic US Cohort (LUMINA): LXI. Value of C-Reactive Protein as a Marker of Disease Activity and Damage

Objective To determine whether C-reactive protein (CRP) measured by a high sensitivity (hs) assay is a surrogate marker of disease activity and damage in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods Five hundred eighty-eight patients with SLE participating in a multiethnic cohort (Hispanic, African American, and Caucasian) were studied. Disease activity was measured with the Systemic Lupus Activity Measure-Revised (SLAM-R) and damage with the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) Damage Index (SDI). hs-CRP was measured by immunometric assay. Disease activity and hs-CRP were measured at enrollment and damage accrual at last visit. The association of hs-CRP with the SLAM-R and SDI was examined by univariable (Pearson’s correlation) and multivariable (linear regression) analyses. The association of hs-CRP and each individual domain of the SLAM-R and SDI was examined by Spearman’s correlation. Results hs-CRP was associated with the SLAM-R in the univariable (r = 0.35, p < 0.001) and multivariable (t = 7.11, coefficient β = 0.27, p < 0.001) analyses. It also correlated with the constitutional, eye, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, neuromotor, and laboratory domains of the SLAM-R. hs-CRP was associated with the SDI (r = 0.12, p = 0.004) in the univariable analysis but not in the multivariable analysis. When the individual domains of the SDI were analyzed, hs-CRP correlated with the renal, pulmonary, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and diabetes domains. Conclusion hs-CRP was associated with disease activity but not with overall damage accrual; however, it correlated with specific domains of the damage index. hs-CRP may be useful to monitor the course of the disease and predict its intermediate outcome, but longitudinal studies with serial hs-CRPmeasurements are necessary to define its clinical value.
Haben wir in unserer Schulklasse (interkulturelle) Konflikte? : Beurteilungsunterschiede zwischen Eltern, Lehrern und Schülern

Die Problemwahrnehmung interkultureller Konflikte wird gemeinhin nach einer kurzen Kenntnisnahme des Auslanderanteils und entsprechender Lehrerurteile als existent angenommen. Bekannt ist, dass haufig Ethnisierungen ganz normaler Konflikte zwischen den Kindern bzw. Jugendlichen in einer Schulklasse stattfinden, d.h. interpersonelle Konflikte werden ethnisch gedeutet. Weniger bekannt ist allerdings, dass die Wahrnehmung interkultureller Konflikte offenbar sehr stark perspektivenabhangig ist bzw. auch eine sehr hohe Varianz aufweist. In einer Studie an 7800 Schulerinnen und Schulern der Sekundarstufe I, ca. 4000 Eltern und rund 400 Lehrerinnen und Lehrern konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Beurteilungen der interkulturellen Konflikthaltigkeit in allen befragten Gruppen stark variiert und fur ein und dieselbe Schulklasse stark auseinanderklaffen kann. Als Konsequenz fur die Beratungspraxis werden mehrperspektivisch angelegte Problemfragebogen zur Erfassung der interkulturellen Konflikthaltigkeit empfohlen.
High-resolution measurement of the fiber diameter variations using whispering gallery modes and no optical alignment

Light is coupled from the guided mode along one tapered optical fiber into the whispering gallery modes around the circumference of another. Small diameter variations in the second fiber are measured by tracking, at different points along it, the wavelengths at which these modes exist. The measurement does not require any optical alignment, and its resolution can be 1 part in 10 000 or better.
Comparison of the metabolic responses of trained Arabians and Thoroughbreds during high- and low-intensity exercise.

In order to compare the metabolic responses to exercise in 2 similarly managed breeds of horses, 5 Arabian (AR) and 5 Thoroughbred (TB) horses, fed an identical diet with a similar diet and exercise training programme for the 2 preceding months, undertook 3 treadmill (3 degree incline) trials with a minimum of 7 days between tests: 1) an incremental test (MAX) for determination of aerobic capacity, V(LA4) and lactate threshold (LT; the percentage of VO2max when plasma lactate = 4 mmol/l); 2) a single high-speed exercise test (SPR) at 115% VO2max for estimation of maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) and 3) a 90 min test at 35% VO2max (LO). VO2max (P<0.001) and running speed (P<0.05) at VO2max were higher in TB (mean +/- s.e. 154 +/- 3 ml/kg/min at 12.9 +/- 0.5 m/s) than in AR (129 +/- 2.5 ml/kg/min at 11.8 +/- 0.2 m/s). Total run time during MAX was greater (P<0.05) in TB (10.5 +/- 0.5 min) than in AR (93 +/- 0.3 min). However, V(LA4) and LT were not different between groups. Run time during SPR (TB 149 +/- 16; AR 109 +/- 11 s) and MAOD (TB 88 +/- 4; AR 70 +/- 6 ml O2/kg) were higher (P<0.05) in the TB group. During LO, FFA were higher (P<0.05) and the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) lower (P<0.05) in AR than in TB between 60 and 90 min, of exercise, indicating a greater use of fat for energy. These metabolic differences may reflect breed variation in muscle fibre types. However, further studies are needed to determine the mechanisms underlying the apparent breed differences in energy metabolism during exercise.
The role of athletes' pain-related anxiety in pain-related attentional processes

Numerous researchers have highlighted the social determinants of athletes' attitude toward pain, yet little is known about the role of cognitive processes and emotions that are related to pain in sport endeavors. There is evidence, in a dot probe paradigm, that individuals with chronic pain selectively orient their attention toward pain-related stimuli, but no studies have differentiated between the two attentional processes of hypervigilance that are evident in athletes: facilitated detection of threat and difficulty in disengaging attention from threatening stimuli. In the present study using a dot probe paradigm, we examined whether professional rugby players (N=58) with high pain-related anxiety (HPA) would show an attentional bias for pain-related threat, and whether this hypervigilance would reflect difficulty disengaging from threat or facilitated detection of threat. Rugby players with HPA oriented their attention toward pain-related threat with a concomitant difficulty disengaging from threat. Difficulty disengaging from painful stimuli may increase anxiety, and thus be maladaptive in sport. This is the first study to identify pain-related anxiety as a vulnerability marker in athletes' attentional biases.
The Modeling Ability and Its Effectivity for Multi-layer ADALINE NN

Aimed at the phenomenon that there is few theories and applications about multi-layer ADALINE neural network (NN), in this paper, mathematic expressions of the multi-input/ single-output (MISO) and multi-input/ multi-output (MIMO) ADALINE NN with multi-layer had been deduced according to the theory of linear neuron transfer function. At result, expressions are also linear functions respect with input variables with more complex weights and thresholds. In order to verify the equivalence of multi-layer ADALINE NNand single-layer ADALINE NN, two examples had been simulated with MATLAB software for function approximation, respectively. The simulation results showed that the multi-layer ADALINE NN can approximate linear functions but not as well as the single-layer ADALINE NN does. In conclusion, the existence of multi-layer adaline NN is not necessary, and its function can be simply realized with the single-layer ADALINE NN completely.
Risk factors for etiology and prognosis of mantle cell lymphoma

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) include any kind of lymphoma except Hodgkin's lymphoma. Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a B-cell NHL and it accounts for about 6% of all NHL cases. Its epidemiologic and clinical features, as well as biomarkers, can differ from those of other NHL subtypes. This article first provides a very brief description of MCL's epidemiology and clinical features. For etiology and prognosis separately, we review clinical, environmental, and molecular risk factors that have been suggested in the literature. Among a large number of potential risk factors, only a few have been independently validated, and their clinical utilization has been limited. More data need to be accumulated and effectively analyzed before clinically useful risk factors can be identified and used for prevention, diagnosis, prediction of prognosis path, and treatment selection.
Planning, Shared Mental Models, and Coordinated Performance: An Empirical Link Is Established

Critical decisions are made every day by teams of individuals who must coordinate their activities to achieve effectiveness. Researchers recently suggested that a shared mental model (SMM) among team members may help them to make successful decisions. Several avenues for developing SMMs in teams exist, one of which is planning. We explored the relationship between team planning, SMMs, and coordinated team decision making and performance. Results indicated that effective planning increased the SMM among team members, allowed them to utilize efficient communication strategies during high-workload conditions, and resulted in improved coordinated team performance. In addition, the communication strategy alone affected the degree of coordinated performance attained by teams during periods of increased workload. Implications of these results and team functioning are discussed. Actual or potential applications of this research include performance and training in settings that require interdependent actions among operators.