Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Humid Subtropical Forests Constitute a Net Methane Source: A Catchment‐Scale Study

Commonly, well‐drained forest soils are net methane (CH4) sinks, whereas poorly drained soils in groundwater discharge zones could contribute significant CH4 emissions. Climate change is projected to bring more summer precipitation extremes to subtropics, which may affect forest CH4 balance. Chinese forests often have a hilly topography with well‐drained hillslopes and pronounced groundwater discharge zones. Although different landscape elements are likely to have different source and sink functions for CH4, the climatic influence on CH4 budget at the catchment scale remains poorly studied. Here, we measured CH4 fluxes over three years along a topographic gradient in a subtropical forested catchment in SW China. CH4 fluxes exhibited a clear spatial pattern indicating moderate CH4 uptake or emission from the well‐drained soils on the hillslope (−5.8 to +1.0 kg CH4‐C·ha−1·year−1) and significant CH4 emission from the wetter soils in the groundwater discharge zone (94.3 to 479.5 kg CH4‐C·ha−1·year−1). Despite its small area contribution to the catchment (0.6%), the groundwater discharge zone emitted substantial amounts of CH4 in monsoonal summers, affecting the whole‐catchment budget. Hillslope soils showed weaker CH4 uptake or even turned into a small CH4 source under wet climatic conditions. Estimates of catchment‐scale CH4 budgets indicate that subtropical forest catchments can tip from a net CH4 sink in drier years to a net CH4 source in wetter years, highlighting the importance of interannual climate variabilities. Our findings suggest that subtropical forests under projected climate change could contribute a net CH4 source with consequences for the regional CH4 balance.
Correlation between the fractal of aftershock spatial distribution and active fault on Sumatra

Abstract. This study discusses the correlation between the fractal of spatial epicentre distribution of aftershock (D2) and active fault (D0) in the Sumatra region. We identified 15 earthquakes in this region that were followed by aftershock cluster and related to the Sumatra Fault Zone or Southern Andaman West Fault. The spatial epicentre distribution of the aftershock was estimated by using two-point correlation integral and the D2 values found were varying from 1.03 ± 0.03 to 1.68 ± 0.08. We estimated the fractal dimension of the active fault by using Box–Counting Method and found that the variation of D0 values in the range of 0.95 ± 0.03 to 1.16 ± 0.01. Positive correlation was found in this study and two patterns were identified that had similar slope with different intercept. However, there was also a correlation that had steeper slope. The steeper slope was related to earthquake doublet mechanism that could generate more random spatial distribution of the aftershock in the fault system.
Using of the methods of landscape research in determining allowable recreational pressure

The development of tourism, as one of the most dynamically developing sectors of the economy, entails an increase in the recreational pressure on the visited territories. The research of modern landscapes shows that their use for recreational purposes can lead not only to significant negative changes in individual components, but also to fundamental disturbances and degradation of landscapes in general. In this connection, the systematic monitoring of the recreational pressure, the search for its optimal values, which do not entail the degradation of the landscape, is of particular relevance. Research of the recreational capacity of landscapes was started as far back as the twentieth century. Over the past decades, the standards of recreational pressure for the most common types of landscapes have been defined. Based on the developed methods of assessing the degree of recreational landscape digression, measures to improve the landscape have been proposed. It has been established that the increase in the economic effect from the development of tourism and recreation is possible on the basis of landscape and recreational analysis, which takes into account the individual characteristics of the territory when determining the permissible recreational pressure. The article briefly describes the main groups of landscape research methods used in determining the permissible recreational pressure on the landscape. The most important parameter on which the researchers rely when they calculate the permissible recreational pressure on the landscape is the density of the recreational pressure. During research of the density of recreational pressure, some traditional methods of researching landscapes are applicable, for example, conducting reconnaissance routes. The analysis of approaches to the definition of permissible recreational pressure on the landscape is spent, a brief algorithm for conducting landscape research at the local level is given, and the example of creating the appropriate landscape maps is given. The article presents the results of landscape researches, conducted on the territory of the Vorotynsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region. The analysis shows that sustainable development of tourism and recreation can be based on the results of extensive research, including the establishment of landscape features of the territory and the determination of optimal types of recreational activities and the degree of its intensity for each natural-territorial complex.
Habitability of Mars: How Welcoming Are the Surface and Subsurface to Life on the Red Planet?

Mars is a planet of great interest in the search for signatures of past or present life beyond Earth. The years of research, and more advanced instrumentation, have yielded a lot of evidence which may be considered by the scientific community as proof of past or present habitability of Mars. Recent discoveries including seasonal methane releases and a subglacial lake are exciting, yet challenging findings. Concurrently, laboratory and environmental studies on the limits of microbial life in extreme environments on Earth broaden our knowledge of the possibility of Mars habitability. In this review, we aim to: (1) Discuss the characteristics of the Martian surface and subsurface that may be conducive to habitability either in the past or at present; (2) discuss laboratory-based studies on Earth that provide us with discoveries on the limits of life; and (3) summarize the current state of knowledge in terms of direction for future research.
Hyperspectral ultraviolet to shortwave infrared characteristics of marine-harvested, washed ashore and virgin plastics

Abstract. Combating the imminent environmental problems associated with plastic litter requires a synergy of monitoring strategies, clean-up efforts, policymaking and interdisciplinary scientific research. Lately, remote sensing technologies have been evolving into a complementary environmental monitoring approach that might have future applications in the operational detection and tracking of plastic litter at repeated intervals covering wide geo-spatial areas. We therefore present a dataset of spectral reflectance measurements from the ultraviolet (350 nm) to shortwave infrared (2500 nm) of synthetic hydrocarbons (plastics). Spectral reflectance of wet and dry marine-harvested, washed ashore and virgin plastics was measured outdoors with a hyperspectral spectroradiometer. Samples were harvested from the major accumulation zones in the Atlantic and Pacific ocean suggesting a near representation of plastic litter in global oceans. We determined a representative bulk average spectral reflectance for the dry marine-harvested microplastics and identified common absorption features at ~ 931, 1215, 1417 and 1732 nm, dataset available at https://doi.org/10.21232/jyxq-1m66 (Garaba and Dierssen, 2019a). Similar absorption features were identified in the dry samples of washed ashore plastics, dataset available at https://doi.org/10.21232/ex5j-0z25 (Garaba and Dierssen, 2019b). The virgin pellets samples consisted of eleven polymer types typically found in floating aquatic plastic litter, dataset available at https://doi.org/10.21232/C27H34 (Garaba and Dierssen, 2017). Magnitude and shape features of the spectral reflectance collected were also evaluated for two scenarios involving dry and wet marine-harvested microplastics, dataset available at https://doi.org/10.21232/r7gg-yv83 (Garaba and Dierssen, 2019c). Reflectance of wet marine-harvested microplastics was noted to be lower in magnitude but had similar spectral shape to the one of dry marine-harvested microplastics. In addition, we include metrics for microplastic particle morphology including sphericity and roundness. These open-access datasets will be useful in radiative transfer analyses exploring the effect of plastics to ocean colour remote sensing and developing algorithms applicable to remote detection of floating plastic litter. The dataset is expected to improve and expand the scientific evidence-based knowledge on optical characteristics of common plastics found in aquatic litter.
Investigation study the ability of superhydrophobic silica to adsorb the Iraqi crude oil leaked in water

A superhydrophobic silica has been utilized as adsorbed the Crude oil leaked during transport in the water of the Iraqi rivers, the capacity absorbing of the aerogel powder for crude oil has been determined. This technique is very important to get rid of environmental pollution caused by the leakage of crude oil in water, which in turn cause death of living beings, this application is an important economic wealth in the country, preliminary tests on water of rivers mixed with the crude oil, by using the aerogel in powder form to clean the water from crude oil, the study depended on two parameters are surface area and contact angle. We found that the increase on surface area lead to increasing on the capacity of adsorbing the crude oil from water, also this result with contact angle.
Vegetative filter strips: an environmental approach to prevent herbicide run-off.

Geliş tarihi: 22.07. 2017 Kabul tarihi: 03.11. 2017 Vejetatif filtre şeritleri yüzey akışı ile gelen tarımsal kimyasalların sulak alanlara ulaşmasının engellenmesi veya ulaşan yüzey akışı içerisindeki tarımsal kimyasalların miktarının azaltılması amacıyla oluşturulan bitki bariyerleridir. Bu bitkisel bariyerler, tarımsal amaçla kullanılan organik ve suni gübreler ile pestisitlerin özellikle herbisitlerin su kaynakları kirletmesine mani olmakta oldukça yararlı yapılardır. Canlı bitki şeritleri yüzey akışı ile gelen suyun önemli bir kısmını toprak yüzeyinden aşağıya drene ederek su kaynağına ulaşan yüzey suyu miktarını düşürür. Kullanılan bitki türlerine bağlı olarak filtre şeritleri herbisitlerin degradasyonun hızlanmasına da yardımcı olabilirler. Canlı bitki şeritlerindeki bitkiler tarımsal üretimde kullanılan herbisitlerden etkilenmeyen veya onları metabolize edebilen çok yıllık bitki türleri arasından seçilir. Sulak alanlara ulaşan herbisit miktarı tarım alanlarının eğiminin ve ani yağışların şiddetinin ve süresinin artmasına bağlı olarak artış gösterir. İklim koşullarında yaşanan değişim şiddetli ani yağışların oluş sıklığının ve bu yağışların şiddetinin artmasını da beraberinde getirmiştir. Vejetatif filtre şeritleri ülkemiz gibi farklı ekim sistemlerine, değişik toprak tiplerine ve iklim koşullarına sahip ülkelerde uzun yıllardır başarı ile kullanılmaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler:
Silurian cyathaspidid heterostracans of Northern Eurasia

Silurian cyathaspidid heterostracans discovered from the East Baltic, North Timan, the Central and Southern Urals, and the Novaya Zemlya and Severnaya Zemlya archipelagoes in 1970‒2006 were studied. Earlier known taxa Archegonaspis schmidti (Geinitz, 1884), Archegonaspis lindstroemi Kiaer, 1932, Archegonaspis integra (Kunth, 1872) and Tolypelepis undulata Pander, 1856 were identified and described. Archegonaspis bimaris Novitskaya, 1970 is synonymized under A. schmidti (Geinitz) and Tolypelepis mielnikensis Dec, 2015 under Tolypelepis undulata Pander, 1856. Three new taxa, Archegonaspis bashkirica sp. nov., Cyathaspis alexanderi sp. nov. and Tolypelepis bedovensis sp. nov., were established, while two taxa, Archegonaspis lindstroemi? Kiaer and Tolypelepis sp. indet. , remained in open nomenclature. The new subfamily Archegonaspidinae subfam. nov. was created. It is shown that besides details of the morphology of shields and plates, sculpture characteristics can be utilized in taxonomy. The material described complements the taxonomic content as well as the spatio-temporal distribution data of the species of the family Cyathaspididae.
MHEALTH: MOBILE TECHNOLOGY MEETS MENTAL HEALTH, THE FUTURE IS NOW.

EHealth is an established concept within healthcare. More recently, the widespread adoption of smart phones and mobile devices among the population at large has shifted eHealth towards Mobile Health going forward. Now known as mHealth, it is a term used to describe mobile applications (apps) specifically built to promote medical and public health practice on mobile phones, tablets, or patient monitoring devices (WHO 2011). This article covers aspects of mHealth, in particular those related to Mental Health. It explores the potential risks/rewards of technology and asks questions about where we are heading and about technological advances outpacing policies concerned with the delivery of eHealth and mHealth.
Is a Low Glycemic Index Diet an Effective Treatment Regimen for Acne Vulgaris in Adolescents and Young Adults Ages 15-30?

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not a low glycemic index (Low GI) diet is an effective treatment for acne vulgaris in adolescents and young adults ages 1530. Study Design: Systematic review of two randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial and one parallel clinical trial published in peer-reviewed journals. Data Sources: Two randomized double blind clinical trials and one parallel clinical trial published in 2007, 2012, and 2010 respectively. The sources studying the use of a low glycemic index diet as a therapeutic intervention for acne vulgaris were obtained using PubMed, and OVID databases. Outcome Measured: Outcomes measured include acne lesion count using the Leeds grading scale with subjects holding significant power to detect a difference in the reduction of the lesions, independent dermatologist assessments, digital photographs, and subject self-assessments. Results: Kwon et al. (2012) found a significant decrease in the number and severity of lesions in the low glycemic diet group after 10 full weeks of dietary intervention. After 5 weeks of treatment significant changes were noted in patient self-assessment scores in both groups. Smith et al. (2007) found a 51% decline in mean number of total lesions in the low glycemic group as compared to 31% decline in the control group after a 12 week intervention, with differences being significant after an intention to treat model was used. The number of inflammatory lesions also significantly declined. On the contrary, Reynolds et al. (2010) found no significant difference in the number of lesion counts or acne severity after an 8-week therapeutic intervention with a low glycemic index diet. Conclusions: Kwon and Smith et al. both showed clinical significance that a reduction in the glycemic index of dietary carbohydrates may significantly improve the severity and lesion counts in patients suffering from acne. Reynolds et al. concluded that low glycemic index carbohydrates are not responsible for changes in acne severity, and implies that other dietary factors may play a role in the development of acne vulgaris.
Tests for no treatment e?ect in randomized clinical trials

An axially contractable and expandable resilient bellows and a simple method of making the same from flexible heat reactive thermoplastic sheet material. The bellows may include a separable seam formed of interlocking tongue and groove plastic tapes permitting the installation and removal of the bellows without need for access to the opposite ends of the structure embraced. The processing of the bellows includes heating the material while supported on a coil or the like to shrink the same and form a deep spiralling convolution therealong. Any of a wide variety of shapes can be formed by selecting an appropriate form.
Fate of conceptus and corpus luteum after induced embryonic loss in heifers.

Ultrasonography was performed to determine the fate of the conceptus and the corpus luteum after induced embryonic loss in heifers. When embryonic loss was induced by administration of prostaglandin F2 alpha (25 mg, IM) on day 28 (n = 10) or day 42 (n = 10), embryonic death occurred 2.3 +/- 0.2 (mean +/- SEM) and 2.6 +/- 0.2 days, respectively, after treatment, and subsequent ovulation occurred 2.4 +/- 0.3 and 2.7 +/- 0.2 days, respectively, after embryonic death. Administration of a mitotic inhibitor (1 mg of colchicine, intrauterine; n = 4) on day 42 resulted in embryonic death in 1.2 +/- 0.2 days and ovulation in 20.8 +/- 3.1 days after embryonic death. Rupture of the amnion on day 42 (n = 3) resulted in immediate death of the embryo and ovulation in 35 +/- 3.5 days. In prostaglandin-treated heifers, area of the corpus luteum decreased (P less than 0.01) between days -2 and -1, relative to day of embryonic death. Volume of uterine contents remained approximately constant for 2 or 3 days after treatment, then decreased greater than 75% between examinations on consecutive days. Embryonic death apparently resulted from luteolysis and was characterized by rapid loss of the conceptus with minimal conceptus degeneration; an intact conceptus was recovered from the vagina of 3 heifers treated on day 42. In heifers treated with colchicine or in which the amnion was ruptured, embryonic death was associated with maintenance of the corpus luteum and prolonged retention of the conceptus, which underwent extensive degeneration. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Observations of Layering under a Warm-Core Ring in the Gulf of Mexico

Two glider transects in the Gulf of Mexico reveal ﬁne-vertical-scale thermohaline structures within a Loop Current eddy (LCE). Partially compensating temperature and salinity anomalies are shown to organize as thin layers below the eddy and near its edges. The anomalies have vertical scales ranging from 2 to 60 m and extend laterally over distances up to 120 km. These structures are evident in synthetic acoustic reﬂectivity derived from the glider data and are reminiscent of the intense layering observed in seismic imagery around meddies, Agulhas rings, and warm-core Kuroshio rings. The observed layers are aligned with the geostrophic streamfunction rather than isopycnals and develop preferentially in zones of intense vertical shear. These observations suggest that tracer stirring by the eddy’s vertically sheared azimuthal ﬂow might be an important process for their generation. In an attempt to rationalize this process, high-resolution quasigeostrophic simulations were performed using an idealized anticyclonic ring for the initial conditions. As the vortex destabilizes, layering rapidly develops in the model, resulting in structures similar to those found in the observation data. Passive tracer experiments also suggest that the layers form through differential advection of the tracer ﬁeld by the vertically sheared ﬂow associated with the LCE.
Estimation of daily vertical solar irradiation by the use of meteorological data

Energy has been recognized as one of the most inputs for social and economic improvement and a clean energy is a challenge in the future. Therefore, renewable energy has become one of the most popular sources of energy. The solar energy, is one of this renewable energy, has the most propriety which is the durability. Due to its geographical location, Algeria has one of the world’s most important gas reserves, and has in addition one of the highest solar reservoirs in the world. Solar irradiation is an essential parameter for many applications such as the design and performance of renewable energy systems, but this is not always available, especially in remote locations. The prediction of solar irradiation values is often the only practical way to acquire these data. The objective of this work is to develop a model for the prediction of the Vertical Solar Irradiation (VSI) based on real meteorological data. This model is based on the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN).
Local disturbing potential model with the use of geophysical gravity data inversion case study in the area of Poland

The presented paper investigates the local quasigeoid modelling based on the geophysical gravity data inversion (GGI method). The calculations performed indicate a very high accuracy of the derived quasigeoid model which is developed when the modelling process is carried out using a global geopotential model. In this case, the local model of disturbing potential (model of type A) is in the form of GGl GM dens pol T T T T = + + , where dens T is the part of the model containing the density model, pol T is the polynomial part and GM T is the part determined from a global model. If the global model is not included in the calculations (this is a type B model), the disturbing potential will be GGl dens pol T T T = + . The accuracy of the quasigeoid in latter model is significantly worse. Both types of models contain information about Earth’s crust density changes; however, only for the type B model we can expect that they correspond to real changes; whereas in the type A model the main information about density changes is contained in the GM T part. So the type B model can be seen as a local, integrated model of both the external gravity field and the density distribution of the Earth's crust. Let us note that the GGI method is only used as a quasigeoid modelling method without geophysical or geological interpretation of the density model parameters. Regarding this, we can notice two problems related to the further development of the GGI method. The first concerns the relation of the GGI density model with geological information. The second problem refers to the possibility of increasing the accuracy of the type B quasigeoid model to the level of the A-type model. For the first problem, we demonstrate that the borders of density changes for the masses lying between the geoid and the Moho surface reflect the geological units surprisingly well. The test calculations relating to second problem, consist of determining the type B model using a certain initial model 0 GGl T . There were three initial models 0 GGl T adopted in the analysis. Results of the analysis indicates that this procedure increases the accuracy of the type B quasigeoid model, although the accuracy of the A-type model is still better. ARTICLE INFO Article history: Received 29 March 2019 Accepted 24. July 2019 Available online 9 August 2019