Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variations in running technique between female sprinters, middle, and distance runners

International Journal of Exercise Science 6(1) : 43-51, 2013. In the sport of track and field, runners excel not only due to physiological characteristics but also aspects in running technique. Optimal technique allows runners the perfect the balance between running speed and economy. The ideal movement pattern may vary between events as the goal goes from economy of movement in the long-distance events to speed and power in the sprints. Understanding how each type of runner moves differently will help coaches more effectively train their athletes for each specific running event. This study was conducted to determine if sprinters, middledistance, and long-distance runners would exhibit differences in form while running at the same speeds. Thirty female Division I collegiate runners participated in this study. Runners were separated into categories based on the events for which they were currently training in: 10 sprinters, 10 middle-distance, and 10 long-distance runners. Participants were asked to run twenty-two steps at five selected speeds. Knee angles, ground contact time, center of mass separation, and stride length were measured using a Vicon Nexus motion analysis system. Data was processed using analysis of variance and a Tukey post hoc analysis. Significant differences (p < .05) occurred between long-distance runners and the other two groups (middle-distance and sprinters) for knee range, ground contact time, center of mass separation, and stride length at all five speeds. While running at the same speeds, there are specific characteristics of technique that distinguish long-distance runners from middle-distance and sprinters.
Urban Climate Adaptation and Leadership FROM CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING TO PRACTICAL ACTION

The impacts of climate change are expected to create numerous challenges for cities. This report synthesizes key points raised in a series of discussions among “adaptation leaders” from fourteen cities around the world. Critical issues for urban adaptation that emerged from the discussions include the need for political commitment at multiple levels of government, information and data as a basis for understanding potential risks and vulnerabilities, meaningful and effective stakeholder engagement shaped by local contexts, and sustained financial and staff resources that are sensitive to urban variability. Further, the findings highlight how policy-makers and international organizations working with cities on issues of adaptation and resilience must support and facilitate processes of testing ideas, learning from experiences, and recalibrating as new information is obtained and lessons are learned.
Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity: Recent Prominent Mechanisms

Despite recent advances in drug development technologies, some drugs continue to be withdrawn from the market because of their late hepatotoxic effects. Drugs can cause liver toxicity through several molecular mechanisms, most of which need to be clarified by further research. Newly found drug-induced liver injury (DILI)-mechanisms like endoplasmic reticulum stress should also be considered while evaluating drug toxicity. New drugs launched in the market should be tested particularly for hepatotoxicity by using hepatic cell cultures and animal models continuously. Future research should target patients in the post-marketing phase in order to provide more evidence grounds to the clinical safety of potential drugs of high propensity of DILI. This review aims to draw the attention to the issue of cellular and molecular aspects of liver toxicity induced by drugs and address DILI as a potential clinical problem that needs further investigation.
MULTIPLE EXCITATION AND LIFETIME OF THE SODIUM CLUSTER PLASMON RESONANCE

The large collective resonance of the spherical cluster ${\mathrm{Na}}_{93}^{+}$ has been studied using a femtosecond laser, which directly excites the resonance. Photofragment size and charge distributions have been measured. A large intensity of doubly and triply charged fragments has been observed, which is absent when applying nanosecond laser pulses of the same wavelength and pulse energy. The efficient ionization processes can be understood as autoionization of the multiply excited collective resonance. A simple rate model gives an estimate of about 10 fs for the lifetime of the resonance.
Performance Evaluation of VANETs for Evaluating Node Stability in Dynamic Scenarios

: Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are a favorable area of exploration which empowers the interconnection amid the movable vehicles and between transportable units (vehicles) and road side units (RSU). In Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), mobile vehicles can be organized into assemblage to promote interconnection links. The assemblage arrangement according to dimensions and geographical extend has serious influence on attribute of interaction . Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are subclass of mobile Ad-hoc network involving more complex mobility patterns. Because of mobility the topology changes very frequently. This raises a number of technical challenges including the stability of the network . There is a need for assemblage configuration leading to more stable realistic network. The paper provides investigation of various simulation scenarios in which cluster using k-means algorithm are generated and their numbers are varied to find the more stable configuration in real scenario of road.
Etching studies of silica glasses in SF6/Ar inductively coupled plasmas: Implications for microfluidic devices fabrication

To fabricate microlaboratories, commercially available silica glasses represent a good alternative to the expensive quartz or fused silica substrates. Therefore, the authors have here investigated the behavior of four of them—Vycor, Pyrex, D263, and AF45—in SF6 and SF6/Ar inductively coupled plasmas. Using Vycor, a material close to pure SiO2, as a reference, they demonstrated that the etch rate negatively correlates with the global content in metallic oxides. However, no such clear trend was found for the surface roughness and they hypothesize that the large asperities (>500 nm) sometimes observed might be due to local variation in the glass surface composition. Furthermore, investigations on the influence of the plasma conditions (i.e., source power, dc self-bias, gas mixture, and pressure) on the etch rate, surface chemistry, and surface morphology, as well as positive ion current and fluorine concentration measurements, enable them to unravel an ion enhanced chemical etching mechanism, where stronger .
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitory Activity of Gnetum gnemon Seed Extract and Identification of Potential Inhibitors for Lowering Cholesterol Level

Objectives: Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon) seeds have been known to have some biological properties. One of them is ant hypercholesterolemia. The present study investigated in vitro and in silico methods to predict potential antihypercholesterolemic of the Melinjo seed extracts of through HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity. Methods: Melinjo seed powders were successively extracted by reflux method using five solvents with gradient polarity including: n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol. All extracts were evaluated in vitro using HMG-CoA Reductase assay kit, to analyze the inhibitory activity. Molecular docking of the phytochemical content of the seeds were carried out using Auto Dock Vina, and also Ligand Scout to analyses interaction between ligand and receptor. Results: Dichloromethane extract demonstrated the highest inhibitory activity against HMG-CoA reductase with IC50 value is 0.40 μg/mL, followed by that of ethyl acetate extract. UPLC-MS analyses showed that dichloromethane extract contained trans-resveratrol, piceid, gnetin C, gnetol, isorhapontigenin, ɛ-viniferin, gnemonol L, and gnemonol M. Molecular docking studies demonstrated that dimer of resveratrol such as gnemonol L, gnemosida, and ɛ-viniferin have better free binding energy than that of monomer. piceid, gnetin C, gnemonol L, and gnemonol M could be considered as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Conclusion: Gnetum gnemon seed extract showed strong HMG-CoA reductase activity. Resveratrol dimer promises as a potential lead compound to design/synthesize anti-cholesterol. Key words: Gnetum gnemon, Melinjo, HMG-CoA Reductase, Resveratrol, Stilbene, Molecular Docking.
Annual survival of North American Razorbills (Alca torda) varies with ocean climate indices

According to life-history theory, survival in long-lived animals is not expected to vary greatly with environmental conditions. However, recent studies of a number of seabirds have shown that ocean climate indices such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation index and sea surface temperature are correlated with adult survival. Here we evaluated whether annual adult survival of Razorbills (Alca torda L., 1758) at two breeding colonies covaried with oceanographic conditions in the North Atlantic during 1995–2006. We also examined pre-breeder survival (from fledging to age 2). The relationship between local adult survival and the North Atlantic Oscillation and two oceanographic variables (Labrador Current temperature profile and Bay of Fundy sea surface temperature) were evaluated using the program MARK. Capture–mark–recapture data fit the assumptions of the program MARK reasonably well with ĉ values ranging from 1.390 to 2.404. Pre-breeder survival rates were high for Machias Seal Island (Ф = 0.778 ± 0.041) and .
A Survey on Android Malwares and their Detection Mechanisms

Android smartphones now a days are the most used smartphones with more than 80% of the users using Android. This is due to the presence of feature rich apps present in Google Play Store. Such popularity of Android platform has come hand in hand with increase in number of malwares targeting Android. Since 2010 Android malwares have been on the high and more than 98% of mobile malwares target Android. Threats posed by malwares include leaking of private information, financial loss to users, system damage etc. In this paper we highlight why Android is the most targeted mobile platform for the malware developers and how malwares propagate into the Android system. We also discuss what are the threats posed by them, what detection techniques have been proposed in the literature for detecting them, and what are the existing research gaps in detection mechanisms. Keywords— Android Malware, Android Security, Mobile Attacks
Keystrokes Inference Attack on Android: A Comparative Evaluation of Sensors and Their Fusion

Introducing motion sensors into smartphones contributed to a wide range of applications in human-phone interaction, gaming, and many others. However, built-in sensors that detect subtle motion changes (e.g. accelerometers), might also reveal information about taps on touch screens: the main user input mode. Few researchers have already demonstrated the idea of exploiting motion sensors as side-channels into inferring keystrokes. Taken at most as initial explorations, much research is still needed to analyze the practicality of the new threat and examine various aspects of its implementation. One important aspect affecting directly the attack effectiveness is the selection of the right combination of sensors, to supply inference data. Although other aspects also play crucial role (e.g. the features set), we start in this paper by focusing on the comparison of different available sensors, in terms of the inference accuracy. We consider individual sensors shipped on Android phones, and study few options of preprocessing their raw datasets as well as fusing several sensors' readings. Our results indicate an outstanding performance of the gyroscope, and the potential of sensors data fusion. However, it seems that sensors with magnetometer component or the accelerometer alone have less benefit in the context of the adverted attack.
The response of atmospheric nitrous oxide to climate variations during the last glacial period

Detailed insight into natural variations of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) in response to changes in the Earth's climate system is provided by new measurements along the ice core of the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP). The presented record reaches from the early Holocene back into the previous interglacial with a mean time resolution of about 75years. Between 11 and 120kyrBP, atmospheric N2O concentrations react substantially to the last glacial‐interglacial transition (Termination 1) and millennial time scale climate variations of the last glacial period. For long‐lasting Dansgaard/Oeschger (DO) events, the N2O increase precedes Greenland temperature change by several hundred years with an increase rate of about 0.8–1.3ppbv/century, which accelerates to about 3.8–10.7ppbv/century at the time of the rapid warming in Greenland. Within each bundle of DO events, the new record further reveals particularly low N2O concentrations at the approximate time of Heinrich events. This suggests that the response of marine and/or terrestrial N2O emissions on a global scale are different for stadials with and without Heinrich events.
Analysis of chlorpheniramine in human urine samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography

Utilizou-se uma tecnica de microextracao simples e ambientalmente amigavel para a determinacao de clorfeniramina (CPM), anti-histaminico, em amostras de urina humana, utilizando a microextracao dispersiva liquido-liquido (DLLME), seguida por cromatografia liquida de alta eficiencia com deteccao por arranjo de diodos (HPLC-DAD). Nesse metodo de extracao, mistura apropriada de acetonitrila (solvente dispersor) e tetracloreto de carbono (solvente de extracao) foi injetada rapidamente na amostra de urina contendo o analito alvo. As pequenas goticulas de agente de extracao foram formadas e dispersas na solucao da amostra e, em seguida, sedimentadas no fundo do tubo conico de ensaio por centrifugacao. Em condicoes otimas, a curva de calibracao foi linear no intervalo entre 0,055 e 5,5 µg mL-1, com limite de deteccao de 16,5 ng mL-1. O metodo proposto foi aplicado com sucesso na analise de amostras de urina reais. Baixo consumo de solventes orgânicos toxicos, simplicidade de operacao, baixo custo e figuras de merito aceitaveis sao as principais vantagens do metodo sugerido.
Diversion of Constant Crossover Rate DE\BBO to Variable Crossover Rate DE\BBO\L

DE\BBO is the combination of differential evolution and biogeography based optimization algorithm to get a better optimization algorithm in terms of convergence speed. In DE\BBO, constant crossover rate has been used which sometimes affect the performance of the hybrid algorithm leading to increase in convergence speed. To cope up with this problem, variable crossover rate has been introduced in the hybrid algorithm helping in removing the problem of constant crossover rate. Modified algorithm has been named as DE\BBO\L in which local search mutation and variable crossover rate are used. Testing of BBO, DE\BBO\rand\1 and DE\BBO\L has been performed on different test functions. The results reveal that DE\BBO\L with variable crossover rate is better than DE\BBO with constant crossover rate.
On the finite‐time capture of a fast moving target

In this work, we propose a feedback control law that enforces capture of a moving target by a slower pursuer in finite time. It is well known that if this problem is cast as a pursuit‐evasion differential game, then the moving target can always avoid capture by taking advantage of its speed superiority, provided that both the target and the pursuer are employing feedback strategies in the sense of Isaacs. Thus, in order to have a well‐posed pursuit problem, additional assumptions are required so that the pursuer can enforce capture of the faster target in finite time provided that it emanates from a set of ‘favorable’ initial positions, which constitute its winning set. In particular, we assume that the target's velocity either is constant and perfectly known to the pursuer (perfect information case) or can be decomposed into a dominant component, which is constant and known to the pursuer, and a second component that is uncertain and unknown to the pursuer (imperfect information case). It turns out that in both cases, the winning sets of the pursuer are pointed convex cones which have a common apex and a common axis of symmetry but different opening angles. We subsequently propose continuous feedback laws that enforce finite‐time capture while the pursuer never exits its winning set before capture takes place, for both cases. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of promoter methylation of Dickkopf1 (DKK1) gene in breast cancer

Aim: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. The Dickkopf1 (DKK1) gene product is a potent inhibitor of the Wnt pathway. DKK1 methylation status and its protein expression were examined in normal and cancer tissues of breast cancer patients. Materials and methods: We examined methylation changes in 83 tumor and adjacent normal tissues, and also in 9 normal breast tissues from unaffected women (no breast cancer history) as controls. DKK1 promoter methylation was assessed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemical staining was used to investigate DKK1 protein expression in the 9 controls and in 70 out of the 83 tumors as well as their adjacent normal tissues. Immunohistochemical results were categorized as positive or negative for DKK1. Results: DKK1 gene methylation was detected in 3 out of the 9 (33%) normal breast tissue samples of unaffected women. The DKK1 gene was hypermethylated in 58 out of the 83 (70%) tumor samples and 51 out of the 83 (61%) adjacent normal tissue samples. In immunohistochemistry, 33% of normal breast tissue from unaffected women, 31% of the tumors, and 17% of the adjacent normal tissues in the breast cancer patients were found to be DKK1-positive. DKK1 promoter methylation and protein expression were not associated with age, tumor size, lymph node status, histological grade, estrogen/progesterone receptor status, or HER2 positivity. Conclusion: Our results indicate that there is a concordant DKK1 methylation change between normal and cancerous breast tissue.
Up to a Limit?

The emergence of augmented reality and computer vision based tools offer new opportunities to visually impaired persons (VIPs). Solutions that help VIPs in social interactions by providing information (age, gender, attire, expressions etc.) about people in the vicinity are becoming available. Although such assistive technologies are already collecting and sharing such information with VIPs, the views, perceptions, and preferences of sighted bystanders about such information sharing remain unexplored. Although bystanders may be willing to share more information for assistive uses it remains to be explored to what degree bystanders are willing to share various kinds of information and what might encourage additional sharing of information based on the contextual needs of VIPs. In this paper we describe the first empirical study of information sharing preferences of sighted bystanders of assistive devices. We conducted a survey based study using a contextual method of inquiry with 62 participants followed by nine semi-structured interviews to shed more insight on our key quantitative findings. We find that bystanders are more willing to share some kinds of personal information with VIPs and are willing to share additional information if higher security assurances can be made by improving their control over how their information is shared.
Analysis of Medical Device Recalls Owing to Output Information from Software

Because software as a medical device(SaMD)does not come into direct contact with patients, it does not pose such direct harm as that caused by conventional hardware medical devices(nonSaMD);however, SaMD does present indirect harm. Using US recall data, the objective of this study was to investigate indirect harm caused by software medical devices including both SaMD and nonSaMD. We collected recall data in which the cause was determined by the US Food and Drug Administration to be software design, and we determined whether the product in each recall was SaMD or not (non-SaMD). We also classified the failure mode of each recall into four groups:physical (Group 1);information-related(Group 2), data-related(Group 3);and other(Group 4). We identified 6,393 recalls for 2009—2014, and 712 software-caused recalls. Of those, the leading failure mode was Group 2 that can lead to indirect harm and accounted for 408(57%), followed by Group 1 that can lead to direct harm and accounted for 122(17%). Of 408 Group 2 recalls, 387(95%)were recall class II and 6(1%)were recall classI. Of the 6, 4 were for non-SaMD and 2 were for SaMD. The findings revealed by this study indicate the importance of the further understanding of safety of information presentation functionality and the necessity of further discussion of safety measures.
A Survey: Different Mobility Model for FANET

FANET(Flying Ad-Hoc Network) is a collection of small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). UAVs fly in the sky and communicate through each other with the help of satellite or base station and create a ad-hoc network. This makes them a very attractive technology for many civilian and military applications. As a large amount of research for mobile ad-hoc networks(MANET) and Vehicular-ad-hoc networks (VANET) has been conducted in recent years, new emerging research challenge, aircraft ad-hoc networks, has attracted considerable attention from the research community. These networks aim to construct self organizing networks with flying aircrafts in the sky instead of typical aircraft-ground aircraft communications. One of the most important design problem for multi-UAV system for FANET is the Mobility which is necessary for cooperation and collaboration between the UAV. To address this problem various Mobility model of FANET are introduced. Mobility Model define path and speed variations of the UAV and represent their position.
CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in BRICS:An Empirical Analysis

In the last few decades, the rising levels of industrialization, urbanization, climbing: population and changes in lifestyle have increased the threat of global warming and climate changes. The Kyoto protocol of 1997 had the objective of reducing greenhouse gasses (GHG) emissions to 5.2 percent lower than the levels of 1990 during the period 2008-2012. The rise in greenhouse gasses emissions has been the major ongoing concern for both developed and developing countries. With the recent economic growth of the BRICS countries, emissions are expected to increase as BRICS countries use large quantities of fossil fuels for electricity generation, contributing to global warming. According to the UNEP emission gap report, 2015, three of the BRICS countries are the part of six largest emitters of CO2 in the world. This paper is an attempt to find the empirical relationship among three variables, i.e., CO2 emissions, economic growth rate (per capita GDP) and energy consumption in a panel of BRICS countries for the annual data set for the period 1991 to 2011. In this paper, we employed the Panel data both fixed and random effects and unit root test.