Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Integrated Electrified Powertrain Topology With SRG and SRM for Plug-In Hybrid Electrical Vehicle

With the advantages of less carbon dioxide emissions and high fuel efficiency, plug-in hybrid electrical vehicle (PHEV) is an attractive means of transportation. This article presents an electrified powertrain for PHEV containing switched reluctance generator (SRG), switched reluctance motor (SRM), and integrated power converters, which could achieve various driving and flexible on-board charging functions. The operation states of SRG and SRM with the integrated topology is analyzed. Five driving modes for PHEV are implemented and can be smoothly switched by controlling the front-end converter according to the load conditions. For the PHEV charging mode, a single-phase ac–dc rectifier is constituted by the windings and power converter of SRG with the capability of input power factor correction. The traction and auxiliary batteries chargers are formed by the windings and power converter of SRM. Three charging modes also are achieved and no complex control strategies are required to avoid the rotation of rotors. The three-phase 12/8 poles SRG and SRM experimental platform are built. The experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness of proposed integrated powertrain and the corresponding control schemes.
Badania wstępne nad ograniczeniem zawartości rtęci w energetycznym węglu kamiennym poprzez zastosowanie wibracyjnego powietrznego stołu koncentracyjnego

Mercury content in hard coal is relatively small. However, when a large amount of coal is burned in Poland, the considerable quantities of mercury reach the atmosphere. The mercury is mainly pyrite and marcasite included in mineral coal substance. It is also present in the organic carbon substance. Certain, sometimes substantial quantities of mercury are found in the roof and bottom layers of coal field which during the exploitation reach the run-of-mine. During the enrichment (mechanical processing) it is possible to remove impurities with a gangue coming from these layers and from inserts of stone outstripping coal seams. It is also possible to remove the released iron sulphide particles. But, as practice shows wet enrichment methods (jigging, flotation) are often inaccurate. The concentrates contain certain amounts of gangue and sulphur compounds. This results in a transition to commercial products of mercury compounds. The Institute of Mechanized Construction and Rock Mining, a Branch in Katowice conducts for several years the research on the deshaling method of dry run-of-mine. It uses possessed installation equipped with air-vibrating concentration table. This device, with good regulation, allows effective removal of these contaminants. There is therefore the possibility of deshaling the excavated 496 Ireneusz Baic, Wiesław Blaschke material and in addition removing mercury compounds that are found in the fractions with a high density. This article discusses the sources and emissions of mercury, its content in hard coal and legal considerations regarding mercury emissions. Also presented are the preliminary results of research activities on mercury removal using a air-vibrating concentration table.
Zonotope‐based method for optimal allocation of wind capacity in microgrids considering generation uncertainty

The increasing wind capacity integration brings new challenges to power system planning and operation, due to the intermittency and uncertainty of its power generation. This study determines the optimal allocation of wind capacity in microgrids, with considerations of the impact of generation uncertainty on both static and dynamic performance of the system, for reducing the possible violations of operation limits caused by wind power fluctuations. The system performance under uncertainty is evaluated using a zonotope-based set-theoretic method. The uncertain variations of wind power are modelled by a zonotope, then the uncertainty sets of static and dynamic state variables, which capture all possible values of the system states, are further calculated by set operations and are embedded in the optimisation model as constraints for system performance. The proposed method is applied to a 33-bus microgrid; the results prove the validity of the method and show that the system can be guaranteed to operate within acceptable security regions in all possible situations when subjected to certain level of uncertainty.
Vibration characteristic analysis of spur gear systems under tooth crack or fracture

Tooth fractures and cracks are common defects in gear transmission systems. Crack propagation paths of the spur gears are acquired using the fracture mechanics theory. Based on the simulated crack propagation path, the flexible body model of the cracked gear system is established in multibody dynamic software ADAMS. The vibration signals of cracked gear under different torques obtained from the simulation are verified by the experimental results. Some statistical indictors (root mean square and Kurtosis) are used to quantify the damage degree. In addition, the fault features of the gear system under crack and tooth fracture faults are analyzed by utilizing the instantaneous energy. The results indicate that the amplitude of the harmonics of the meshing frequency and the sideband frequencies increase gradually with the increase of torques and crack lengths. Especially, for the tooth fracture fault, its influence on Kurtosis value is particularly obvious. Meanwhile, according to the instantaneous energy, the tooth fracture fault will result in severe energy impacts and cause a sharp increase in the vibration amplitude.
Progress of Ultra-Wide Bandgap Ga2O3 Semiconductor Materials in Power MOSFETs

As a promising ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor, the <italic>β</italic>-phase of Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> has attracted more and more interest in the field of power electronics due to its ultra-wide bandgap (4.8 eV), high theoretical breakdown electric field (8 MV/cm), and large Baliga's figure of merit, which is deemed as a potential candidate for next generation high-power electronics, including diodes, field effect transistors (FETs), etc. In this article, we introduce the basic material properties of Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and review the recent progress and advances of <italic>β</italic>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> based metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (<sc>mosfet</sc>s). Due to the problematic p-type doping technology up to now, the enhancement-mode (E-mode) <italic>β</italic>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> FETs face more difficulties, compared with depletion mode (D-mode). This article focuses on reviewing the recent progress of E-mode Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> <sc>mosfet</sc>s, summarizing and comparing various feasible solutions when p-type doping is absent. Furthermore, the device fabrication and performances of state-of-art <italic>β</italic>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> <sc>mosfet</sc>s, including D-mode, E-mode, and planar/vertical structure are fully discussed and compared, as well as potential solutions to the challenges of Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> FETs.
Equivalent Conductor Layer for Fast 3-D Finite Element Simulations of Inductive Power Transfer Coils

In this article, a method to replace conductors, in one or multiple layers, by an equivalent layer with homogeneous current distribution is proposed to allow complex 3-D finite element simulations. This equivalent layer needs a coarser mesh, then the simulations are accelerated. The electromagnetic properties of this equivalent layer will be defined to match skin and proximity losses of actual round and Litz-wire conductors. Analytical and empirical equations to obtain these parameters will be provided and the method is validated in several inductive power transfer coils with three dimensional geometries.
Evaluation of Current Signature in Bearing Defects by envelope analysis of the vibration in induction motors

Motor current signature analysis (MCSA) enables non-invasive monitoring, without interruption of machine operation in a remote and online way, allowing the identification of various types of faults of electrical and mechanical nature without the need of accessing the motor itself, but only its supply cables. Despite its advantages, it has limitations in accurately diagnosing incipient roller bearing faults. For the detection of incipient roller bearing faults, envelope analysis of vibration signals is a well-known and stablished technique used by motor condition monitoring experts for a long time, overcoming MCSA for that purpose. Thus, it is proposed in this paper, that the fault characteristic frequencies of roller bearings are identified in the current spectrum with the aid of envelope analysis on the bearing vibration signal. After this aided identification, the fault related spectral components in the current spectrum can be correctly tracked over time for trending evaluation and decision-making. This approach can represent a significant economic value in a motor condition monitoring program, since vibration envelope analysis is performed only at a first step and, after that, its results can be applied for the MCSA monitoring of all same-model motor drivers in an industrial site. This approach is even more valuable considering the concept of the Self-Supplied Wireless Current Transducer (SSWCT) also proposed in this paper. The SSWCT is an Industrial Internet of Things (IIOT) device for MCSA application in an Industry 4.0 environment. This proposed device has wireless communication interface and wireless/battery less power supply, being supplied by the energy harvested from the magnetic field of the same currents it is transducing. So, it is a completely galvanic isolated monitoring device, without batteries and without any electric connections to the industry electric system, easily installable to the motor cables, not using precious space in the electric panels of the motor control centers and not having any physical contact to the monitored asset.
Comparison of Measurement Methods of LV Grid Access Impedance in the Frequency Range Assigned to Nb‑Plc Technologies

The paper presents and evaluates three advanced methods for the characterization of the low-voltage (LV) grid access impedance for the frequency range assigned to Narrow Band-Power Line Communications (NB-PLC): 9 kHz to 500 kHz. This study responds to the recent demand from both regulatory bodies and Distribution System Operators about the need for accurate and validated methods for this frequency band, due to the limited knowledge of the impedance values in the electrical grid and their influence on NB-PLC transmission channels. In this paper, the results of a collaborative work to develop different proposals to overcome the challenges for the proper characterization of the frequency and time-varying grid impedance, from different theoretical approaches, are presented. The methods are compared in a controlled and isolated scenario: the impedance characterization of passive filters. Then, the results are validated two-fold: first, against theoretical simulations, based on the schematics provided by the manufacturer, and second, against the measurement results of a precision impedance meter, used as a reference of accuracy. The results demonstrate a high degree of precision of the three proposals to characterize the access impedance of the LV grid.
Ortalama Su Seviyesi Değişimlerinin Taş Dolgu Kıyı Koruma Yapılarının Tasarımına ve Performansına Etkisi

Gel-git, mevsimsel degisiklikler, dalga kabarmasi/alcalmasi, firtina kabarmasi ve kuresel isinmaya bagli su seviyesi degisimleri sonucunda ortalama su seviyesinde gozlenen degisimler, tas dolgu kiyi koruma yapilarinin tasarimlarinin ve performanslarinin degerlendirilmesi ile dogrudan ilgilidir. Bu tip yapilar icin en kritik su seviyesi, yaygin olarak en yuksek su seviyesi tanimi ile kullanilmaktadir. Ancak, Kiyi Yapilari Planlama ve Tasarim Teknik Esaslari’nda [1] koruma yapisinda kullanilacak taslarin kutlelerinin belirlenmesi icin en kritik su seviyesinin en dusuk su seviyesi ile en yuksek su seviyesi arasinda ortaya cikabilecegi belirtilmistir. Bu calismada tas dolgu kiyi koruma yapilarinin tasarim derinliginin belirlenmesinde kullanilan farkli yaklasimlarin koruma tabakasi tas kutlesi ile serbest kret kotuna olan etkisi incelenmistir. Bu amacla Karadeniz, Ege Denizi ve Akdeniz’de birer proje alani secilmis ve bu projelerdeki yapilarin ekonomik omurleri boyunca gozlenebilecek tum su seviyelerinde koruma tabakasi tas kutlesi ile serbest kret kotu hesaplanmistir. Secilen projeler icin daha dusuk su seviyelerinde daha yuksek su seviyelerine gore %60’a varan oranlarda daha buyuk tas kutlesi bulunmustur. Calisma sonuclari, en yuksek su seviyesinden daha kritik bir su seviyesinin, dusuk su seviyesi ile en yuksek su seviyesi arasindaki herhangi bir su seviyesinde de olusabilecegine ornek olusturmaktadir. Buna bagli olarak, secilen kritik su seviyesi degeri ile koruma tabakasi tas kutlesi hesaplama yontemlerinin iliskisi tartisilmis ve yapinin ekonomik omru boyunca olusabilecek tum su seviyelerinin tasarim derinligi belirlenirken goz onunde bulundurulmasi onerilmistir.
A Line-Array Technique for Wireless Power Transfer Toward a 100 $\mu$ m $\times100$ $\mu$ m Coil Antenna

Wireless power transfer (WPT) has grown rapidly in the past decade to power up devices such as radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, sensors, and medical implants. In recent years, miniaturization has become a new key requirement for some emerging applications such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and biomedical devices. Targeting at a miniaturized receiving (Rx) coil, conventional-inductive WPT (IWPT) has insufficient power transfer gain. The multi-coil transmitting (Tx) array techniques mainly aim at improving the misalignment tolerance, but the power gain (or efficiency) is significantly limited by the mutual coupling among the Tx elements. In this article, we propose a new Tx array structure formed by lines instead of coils. The line-array technique keeps the antimisalignment character of the conventional multi-coil arrays, while the power gain is enhanced in two ways: 1) the lossy adjacent sides are removed in the line array, and 2) the mutual coupling among the array elements is alleviated. To validate the proposed technique, we demonstrate a Ku-band WPT prototype, including a CMOS Rx rectenna and a printed circuit board (PCB) Tx line array. The rectenna is fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS technology, with a coil antenna measuring $100 \mu \text{m} \times 100 \mu \text{m}$ . At varying power transfer ranges, the power transfer gain and misalignment tolerance are measured for both the single-coil and line-array systems, respectively. In comparison to the conventional single-Tx-coil IWPT, the overall power gain can be improved by 17.3 dB at a typical power transfer range of 2.5 mm, while a 1-mm misalignment only reduces the gain by 1.3 dB.
Behavior Selection of Stakeholders toward Megaproject Social Responsibility: Perspective from Social Action Theory

The importance of social responsibility strategy for the sustainable development of megaprojects has been widely concerned, while types and motivations of social responsibility behavior have also been analyzed and examined in the corporate management literature. However, the typical social responsibility behaviors in megaprojects and the various motivations and factors that influence stakeholders’ selection of social responsibility behavior have not been fully considered and confirmed. In this study, camouflage behavior and collaborative behavior are taken as representative social responsibility behaviors. Based on the social action theory, the impact of relevant influencing factors is empirically examined and stakeholder’s selection of these two behaviors toward megaproject social responsibility (MSR) is explored. Results from the sample data of 127 management staff with megaproject experience from the participating parties revealed that synergistic behavior is driven mainly by relationship quality (RQ), whereas hypocritical behavior is affected by RQ, institutional pressure, and external appeals. In addition, the mutual feedback mechanism significantly improves the RQ of participating parties, which indirectly affects both behaviors. These findings bear implications in realizing the management of social responsibility behavior in megaprojects and guiding the participating parties to coordinate and implement social responsibility.
A 21.7-to-41.7-GHz Injection-Locked LO Generation With a Narrowband Low-Frequency Input for Multiband 5G Communications

An injection-locked local oscillator (LO) generation targeting mm-wave multiband 5G communication is presented. With a band-selective injection-locked frequency multiplier (ILFM), the LO generation can operate from 21.7 to 41.7 GHz with a narrowband 6.2-to-8.0-GHz input source. An injection-locked amplifier (IL-amp) is cascaded for harmonic rejection. Fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process, the proposed LO generation consumes 74.4-mW power with 5.0-dBm output power. A 25.3% input bandwidth is extended to a 63.1% output operating bandwidth with no further phase noise degradation. A −105.6-dBc/Hz phase noise at 1-MHz offset is measured at 24 GHz with a −42.7-dBc integrated phase noise. The LO generation rejects the unwanted harmonics to more than 30.0 dB and occupies 0.52 mm2.
Lightweight Collaborative Authentication With Key Protection for Smart Electronic Health Record System

When wireless body area network (WBAN) is playing an increasing role in modern medical systems, smart electronic health record (SEHR) system is heralded primarily as an economical and efficient way to optimize personal information or electronic health records (EHR) flowing through the inter-connected hierarchical network. Large scale, diversity and high sensitivity on EHR data collected from the personal intelligent medical sensors intrigue strong security and privacy preservation. As an authentication protocol can effectively identify the legality of the access entities, many authentication approaches for SEHR system have been proposed. However, few of them are suitable for such situation where an authentication message need to be generated by two parties, for example, doctors need to gain authenticaion from patients when accessing to EHRs. A limitation of using secret sharing scheme is the requirement of a trusted third party to recover the original private key. Therefore, we focus on the specific case of two participants (i.e., no trusted majority) and present a collaborative authentication protocol for SEHR system. Our protocol is provable secure under the hard problem assumptions and meets all the security requirements, especially private key protection. Furthermore, contract to an existing secure two-party authentication protocol that relies on heavy homomorphic encryptions and zero-knowledge proofs, our proposed protocol is tremendously faster than the previous ones shown by the performance analysis.
Colorectal Cancer - Management of Metastatic Disease

Metastases from colon cancer occur to the regional lymph nodes, the liver and the peritoneal surfaces. Rectal cancer may disseminate to these sites and also to the lungs. These metastases may occur synchronously with the detection of primary disease or metachronously in follow-up. The timing of the metastatic process is important in terms of treatment possibilities. Each anatomical site for metastatic disease has the potential for an individualised management strategy. Systemic chemotherapy as an adequate management plan for all sites of colorectal metastatic disease is not compatible with a high standard of care. Formulation of an optimal plan combining surgery with regional and systemic chemotherapy is a necessary function of the multidisciplinary team.
On-Chip Solar Energy Harvester and PMU With Cold Start-Up and Regulated Output Voltage for Biomedical Applications

This paper presents experimental results from a system that comprises a fully autonomous energy harvester with a solar cell of 1 mm<sup>2</sup> as energy transducer and a Power Management Unit (PMU) on the same silicon substrate, and an output voltage regulator. Both chips are implemented in standard <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.18~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS technology with total layout areas of 1.575 mm<sup>2</sup> and 0.0126 mm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. The system also contains an off-the-shelf 3.2 mm <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times2.5$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times0.9$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm supercapacitor working as an off-chip battery or energy reservoir between the PMU and the voltage regulator. Experimental results show that the fast energy recovery of the on-chip solar cell and PMU permits the system to replenish the supercapacitor with enough charge as to sustain Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) communications even with input light powers of 510 nW. The whole system is able to self-start-up without external mechanisms at 340 nW. This work is the first step towards a self-supplied sensor node with processing and communication capabilities. The small form factor and ultra-low power consumption of the system components is in compliance with biomedical applications requirements.
Metal Oxide Grating Based Plasmonic Refractive Index Sensor With Si Layer in Optical Communication Band

Nanostructure based devices are crucial for many applications including surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors, in particular. In this work, an aluminum oxide (Al2O3) grating based plasmonic sensor with Si and Ag layers is proposed and simulated for the detection of hemoglobin (Hb) concentration (en route its refractive index measurement) in human blood in optical communication band (1400–1550 nm). The simulations are based on rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA). In general, a plasmonic sensor’s performance is closely evaluated in terms of sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM) but we have also extended the analysis by considering the SPR curves (of both reference and analyte samples) even more meticulously in terms of spectral FOM (FOM*) based on depth of reflectance curve. In order to further deepen the performance analysis, a quality factor (QF) is introduced by combining the maximum FOM* (m-FOM*) and FWHM of the analyte SPR curve. The effect of grating variables and the thicknesses of Si and Ag layers on FOM* and QF is analyzed. The simulation results are explained in relevant physical concepts such as radiation damping. The results indicate that the proposed sensor with optimized design parameters is able to provide significantly better sensitivity, detection limit, FOM, and m-FOM* compared with existing grating-based SPR sensors.
A Flexible Microwave Sensor Based on Complementary Spiral Resonator for Material Dielectric Characterization

In this paper, a flexible microwave sensor for material dielectric characterization is presented. The sensor is composed of a two-turn complementary spiral resonator (CSR) in coplanar waveguide (CPW) technology developed on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. The sensing principle is based on the measured transmission coefficient of the designed structure, where the resonant frequency and its magnitude are in function of the dielectric properties of loaded materials under test (MUTs). A prototype of the proposed sensor is fabricated and experimentally validated by extracting the dielectric constant and loss tangent of the reference samples loaded above the region of the CSR. Specially, due to the flexibility, the fabricated sensor can be conformally attached to the palm of a dexterous robotic hand to function as robotic electronic skin for material dielectric characterization, more specifically, to obtain dielectric properties of the objects grasped by the dexterous robotic hand. Moreover, the sensing functionality of the sensor structure under different bending levels is validated by calculating the dielectric property of loaded objects with non-planar surfaces.