Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phonological Similarity and Lexicality Effects in Children's Verbal Short-Term Memory: Concerns about the Interpretation of Probed Recall Data

Probed recall tasks are often used to assess aspects of children's verbal short-term memory development because they are not subject to potentially confounding output effects. However, the marked recency effects that are observed in probed recall means that these tasks are potentially insensitive to experimental manipulations when later serial positions are probed. This clouds the interpretation of data from probed recall studies in which children of different ages are presented with to-be-remembered lists of different lengths. In two experiments we examined the magnitude of phonological similarity and lexicality effects in both 5- to 6- and 8- to 9-year-old children. In each case performance on probed recall tasks was contrasted with that seen on tests of serial recognition. The results indicated that probed recall tasks are potentially less sensitive to experimental manipulations in younger than older children. However, comparable effects of both phonological similarity and lexicality were seen in both age groups using serial recognition procedures. These findings have implications for the interpretation of other studies that have examined the development of verbal short-term memory using probed recall and for theoretical accounts of the development of phonological similarity and lexicality effects in children.
Music Therapy Research and Applications in Pediatric Oncology Treatment

Music therapy is a profession which meets multiple physical, social, and psychological needs. Music therapists can facilitate health objectives by reducing the intensity or duration of pain, alleviating anxiety, and decreasing the amount of analgesic medication needed. Rehabilitative objectives can include activities which incorporate exercise, range of motion therapy, or gait training. Reduction of fear, anxiety, stress, or grief are common psychological objectives. Music therapy is particularly effective in promoting social objectives such as increased interaction, verbalization, independence, and cooperation; enhanced relationships with health care personnel and family members; and increased stimulation during long-term hospitalization or isolation. Counseling techniques are often paired with music to achieve emotional objectives such as expression, adjustment, stability, or locus of control. The purpose of this article is to synthesize the extant music/medical research literature and clarify how music therapy can provide a quintessential combination of physical, social, and psychological benefits to enhance the health care of pediatric oncology patients.
Co-induction of anaesthesia: day-case surgery.

The term co-induction of anaesthesia has been applied to the use of two or more drugs to induce anaesthesia. The term was introduced in 1986 to describe the unplanned induction of anaesthesia by non-anaesthetically trained personnel practising sedation. A new benzodiazepine was combined with opioids, with synergistic effects, causing unplanned anaesthesia in an unsuitable environment leading to several fatalities. Currently, planned co-induction of anaesthesia is practised by anaesthetists exploiting drug interactions, particularly synergism, principally between midazolam, fentanyl, sufentanil and alfentanil, and propofol. It can produce an improvement in all phases of anaesthesia, including induction, maintenance and recovery. There are advantages in combining midazolam with propofol, thereby reducing the risk of awareness and also the dose of propofol and hence its side-effects and cost. Propofol is the principal intravenous induction agent for day-case anaesthesia. The pre-administration of 0.03 mg kg-1 of midazolam (approximately 2 mg in normal healthy adults) is now being practised widely. Current papers suggest that 2 mg of midazolam administered to an average, otherwise healthy, adult does not compromise recovery, whereas an increase to 5 mg may be expected to delay the possibility of final discharge of such patients by about 20 min. The use of midazolam and propofol with or without either fentanyl or alfentanil is probably the principal technique for the induction of day-case anaesthesia at the present time. A major advantage is that by reducing the dose of propofol there is less chance of the severe bradycardia that is sometimes associated with the combined use of propofol and opioids, although this can be prevented by vagolytic agents. However, the use of opioids increases the incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting. Another important drug is ketamine, the effects of which are often additive with other drugs. The combination of ketamine and midazolam is an important technique, particularly in the management of critically ill patients. The alpha 2-agonists, e.g. clonidine and dexmedetomidine, may also have a role in this context in the future. This paper presents the current approach to the co-induction of anaesthesia, particularly in relation to the reduced risk of awareness when using midazolam, and the health economics in relation to the potential reduction in the dose and hence cost of propofol.
Non-tuberculous mycobacterial cervical lymphadenitis in the immunocompetent child: diagnostic and treatment approach

Non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease in the otherwise well child commonly presents as a localized, slow-progressing, cervicofacial lymphadenopathy. Despite recent advances, several aspects of the susceptibility to and the course of the disease remain to be better understood, and diagnosis and management of non-tuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis in children are often controversial. Differential diagnosis should include other infections, in particular tuberculosis, local cysts and malignancies. In the majority of cases, untreated disease progresses to spontaneous drainage, fistula formation and scarring and a high index of clinical suspicion is necessary for timely diagnosis and treatment. Excisional surgery seems to remain the gold standard. Medical treatment might be considered as an appropriate alternative in case there is a high risk of surgical complications or in case surgery has already been unsuccessful. Family reassurance and the watch-and-wait approach may be an option in milder disease.
Multiresolution features of carotid artery wall and plaque toward identifying vulnerable asymptomatic cases from B-mode ultrasound

Efficient management of asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis remains a crucial issue in clinical practice, because the currently used determinant for deciding surgical or medical treatment, namely the stenosis degree, has proven inadequate. Various features derived from ultrasound image analysis have shown promise for enhancing the effectiveness of decision making. Among these, multiresolution, i.e. wavelet-transform-based, texture analysis has been shown to adequately characterise atheromatous tissue, especially in terms of horizontally oriented texture in longitudinal B-mode sections. We sought to investigate the horizontally-oriented multiresolution textural properties of arterial wall and plaque in a carefully selected sample of asymptomatic male subjects. Of the 19 carotid arteries that were interrogated, 7 had low stenosis degrees (50-69%) and 12 had high stenosis degrees (70-100%); the two groups had similar ages. Multiresolution analysis was performed using wavelet packets and the coiflet 1 wavelet, for three levels of decomposition. Seven features were derived from the resulting approximation (A) and horizontal detail (Dh) images, for two segments in each artery, namely plaque and the adjacent intima-media complex (IM). All features were statistically similar between low and high stenosis cases, suggesting that stenosis degree may not be sufficient to characterise the two case types. Differences between IM and plaque were observed for most multiresolution features. The differences were more prominent for higher decomposition levels. The feature Dh3A2A1 was different between plaque and IM in the low stenosis cases but was not different in the high stenosis cases. The opposite was observed for Dh2Dh1. Such differences suggest discontinuities in tissue properties and therefore increased vulnerability. In conclusion, multiresolution texture analysis may provide valuable information about normal and atheromatous tissue, because certain tissue properties are revealed at high decomposition levels.
Physics of SrTiO3-based heterostructures and nanostructures: a review

This review provides a summary of the rich physics expressed within SrTiO3-based heterostructures and nanostructures. The intended audience is researchers who are working in the field of oxides, but also those with different backgrounds (e.g., semiconductor nanostructures). After reviewing the relevant properties of SrTiO3 itself, we will then discuss the basics of SrTiO3-based heterostructures, how they can be grown, and how devices are typically fabricated. Next, we will cover the physics of these heterostructures, including their phase diagram and coupling between the various degrees of freedom. Finally, we will review the rich landscape of quantum transport phenomena, as well as the devices that elicit them.
Comparative review of reactive power compensation technologies

The quality of electrical power in a network is a major concern which has to be examined with caution in order to achieve a reliable electrical power system network. Reactive power compensation is a means for realising the goal of a qualitative and reliable electrical power system. This paper made a comparative review of reactive power compensation technologies; the devices reviewed include Synchronous Condenser, Static Var Compensator (SVC) and Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM). These technologies were defined, critically examined and compared, the most promising technology is recommended for the realisation of an effective, efficient, sustainable, qualitative and reliable electrical power network.
Modulation of Monocarboxylic Acid Transporter-1 Kinetic Function by the cAMP Signaling Pathway in Rat Brain Endothelial Cells*

MCT1 (monocarboxylic acid transporter 1) facilitates bidirectional monocarboxylic acid transport across membranes. MCT1 function and regulation have not been characterized previously in cerebral endothelial cells but may be important during normal cerebral energy metabolism and during brain diseases such as stroke. Here, by using the cytoplasmic pH indicator 2′,7′-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein-acetoxymethyl ester, the initial rates of monocarboxylate-dependent cytoplasmic acidification were measured as an indication of MCT1 kinetic function in vitro using the rat brain endothelial cell (RBE4) model of blood-brain transport. The initial rate of l-lactate-dependent acidification was significantly inhibited by 5–10-min incubations with agonists of intracellular cAMP-dependent cell signaling pathways as follows: dibutyryl cAMP, forskolin, and isoproterenol. Isoproterenol reduced Vmax but did not affect Km values. The effects of forskolin were completely reversed by the protein kinase A inhibitor H89, whereas H89 alone increased transport rates. Cytoplasmic cAMP levels, measured by radioimmunoassay, were increased by forskolin or isoproterenol, and the effect of isoproterenol was inhibited by propranolol. MCT1-independent intracellular pH control mechanisms did not contribute to the forskolin or H89 effects on MCT1 kinetic function as determined with amiloride, monocarboxylate-independent acid loading, or the transport inhibitor α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate. The data demonstrate the direct modulation of MCT1 kinetic function in cerebral endothelial cells by agents known to affect the β-adrenergic receptor/adenylyl cyclase/cAMP/protein kinase A intracellular signaling pathway.
Determinants of the Relationship between Investor Sentiment and Analysts’ Private Information Production

We examine whether and how investor sentiment affects analysts’ private information production and the factors that moderate this influence. As expected, analysts’ private information production (measured by the information asymmetry component of analyst forecast dispersion) is significantly negatively associated with investor sentiment. Our tests also show that higher institutional holdings of stock, longer analysts’ earnings forecasting experience, and higher levels of short selling of stock mitigate this negative influence of sentiment on analysts’ private information production. Our findings are informative for researchers, financial analysts, and market participants who rely on analysts’ forecasts to form earnings expectations.
Cytochrome P-450 metabolism of arachidonic acid: formation and biological actions of "epoxygenase"-derived eicosanoids.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the features of the neuropathy after gastric bypass surgery. BACKGROUND: An increasing number of neuropathy cases after the dramatically increased bariatric procedures have been reported recently. In addition to the well-known nutritional deficiencies, there are a large portion of the patients who developed neuropathy without vitamin or mineral deficiency. Accurate diagnosis is sometimes difficult. Treatment strategy of nutrition supplement did not often produce neurological improvement. DESIGN/METHODS: The authors reviewed 8 cases of severe extremity weakness after gastric bypass surgery. The average age was 68 and 7 patients were female. The patients were divided into two groups according to the symptom onset after the bypass surgery. Group A includes 4 patients with onset time less than one year, while group B has 4 patients with onset time over 5 years. Patients’ medical records including the electrophysiological data were reviewed and compared. RESULTS: In group A, CSF analysis was applied in 2 cases and the results were normal. EMG evidences of axonal and demyelinating neuropathy were obtained in 2 cases. The diagnosis included polyneuropathies and Hashimoto9s encephalopathy. In group B, elevated CSF protein was discovered in 3 cases. EMG study demonstrated demyelinating polyradiculopathy. Other diagnosis included amyotrophy and Hashimoto’s encephalopathy. In both groups, Vit B12 level was normal in all 8 cases. Only 2 patients had Vit B6 deficiency with and without thiamin deficiency. Our result is consistent with the previous discovery that the bariatric surgery may cause increased synthesis of intrathecal IgG in a progressive manner, which may attribute to the poor response to vitamin supplement therapy. CONCLUSIONS: This case series study illustrated the atypical clinical features of polyneuropathy after gastric bypass surgery. Further studies are warranted to explain the underlying mechanisms, which is important in designing treatment plan. Disclosure: Dr. Yu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Xu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Xia has received research support from Acorda Therapeutics.
Clinicopathological findings following intraventricular glial‐derived neurotrophic factor treatment in a patient with Parkinson's disease

As part of a safety and tolerability study, a 65‐year‐old man with Parkinson's disease (PD) received monthly intracerebroventricular injections of glial‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). His parkinsonism continued to worsen following intracerebroventricular GDNF treatment. Side effects included nausea, loss of appetite, tingling, L'hermitte's sign, intermittent hallucinations, depression, and inappropriate sexual conduct. There was no evidence of significant regeneration of nigrostriatal neurons or intraparenchymal diffusion of the intracerebroventricular GDNF to relevant brain regions. Alternative GDNF delivery systems should be explored.
De Morsier syndrome associated with periventricular nodular heterotopia: case report.

INTRODUCTION Septo-optic dysplasia (De Morsier syndrome) is defined as the association between optic nerve hypoplasia, midline central nervous system malformations and pituitary dysfunction. CASE REPORT Third child born to nonconsanguineous parents, female, adequate pre-natal medical care, cesarean term delivery due to breech presentation, Apgar score 3 at the first minute and 8 at 5 minutes, symptomatic hypoglycemia at 18 hours. Neurological follow-up identified a delay in acquisition of motor and language developmental milestones. Epileptic generalized seizures began at 12 months and were controlled with phenobarbital. EEG was normal. MRI revealed agenesis of the pituitary stalk, hypoplasia of the optic chiasm and periventricular nodular heterotopia. Ophthalmologic evaluation showed bilateral optic disk hypoplasia. Endocrine function laboratory tests revealed primary hypothyroidism and hyperprolactinemia. CONCLUSION The relevance of this case report relies on its uniqueness, since periventricular heterotopia had not been described in association with septo-optic dysplasia until 2006.
Defining pyromes and global syndromes of fire regimes

Fire is a ubiquitous component of the Earth system that is poorly understood. To date, a global-scale understanding of fire is largely limited to the annual extent of burning as detected by satellites. This is problematic because fire is multidimensional, and focus on a single metric belies its complexity and importance within the Earth system. To address this, we identified five key characteristics of fire regimes—size, frequency, intensity, season, and extent—and combined new and existing global datasets to represent each. We assessed how these global fire regime characteristics are related to patterns of climate, vegetation (biomes), and human activity. Cross-correlations demonstrate that only certain combinations of fire characteristics are possible, reflecting fundamental constraints in the types of fire regimes that can exist. A Bayesian clustering algorithm identified five global syndromes of fire regimes, or pyromes. Four pyromes represent distinctions between crown, litter, and grass-fueled fires, and the relationship of these to biomes and climate are not deterministic. Pyromes were partially discriminated on the basis of available moisture and rainfall seasonality. Human impacts also affected pyromes and are globally apparent as the driver of a fifth and unique pyrome that represents human-engineered modifications to fire characteristics. Differing biomes and climates may be represented within the same pyrome, implying that pathways of change in future fire regimes in response to changes in climate and human activity may be difficult to predict.
Polyoxometalate-supported transition metal complexes and their charge complementarity: synthesis and characterization of [M(OH)6Mo6O18[Cu(Phen)(H2O)2]2][M(OH)6Mo6O18[Cu(Phen)(H2O)Cl]2].5H2O (M = Al(+, Cr3+).

Two Anderson-type heteropolyanion-supported copper phenanthroline complexes, [Al(OH)6Mo6O18[Cu(phen)(H2O)2]2]1+ (1c) and [Al(OH)6Mo6O18[Cu(phen)(H2O)Cl]2]1- (1a) complement their charges in one of the title compounds [Al(OH)6Mo6O18[Cu(phen)(H2O)2]2][Al(OH)6Mo6O18[Cu(phen)(H2O)Cl]2]. 5H2O [1c][1a]. 5 H2O 1. Similar charge complementarity exists in the chromium analogue, [Cr(OH)6Mo6O18[Cu(phen)(H2O)2]2][Cr(OH)6Mo6O18[Cu(phen)(H2O)Cl]2]. 5 H2O [2c][2a]. 5 H2O 2. The chloride coordination to copper centers of 1a and 2a makes the charge difference. In both compounds, the geometries around copper centers are distorted square pyramidal and those around aluminum/chromium centers are distorted octahedral. Three lattice waters, from the formation of intermolecular O-H.O hydrogen bonds, have been shown to self-assemble into an "acyclic water trimer" in the crystals of both 1 and 2. The title compounds have been synthesized in a simple one pot aqueous wet-synthesis consisting of aluminum/chromium chloride, sodium molybdate, copper nitrate, phenanthroline, and hydrochloric acid, and characterized by elemental analyses, EDAX, IR, diffuse reflectance, EPR, TGA, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Both compounds crystallize in the triclinic space group P. Crystal data for 1: a = 10.7618(6), b = 15.0238(8), c = 15.6648(8) angstroms, alpha = 65.4570(10), beta = 83.4420(10), gamma = 71.3230(10), V = 2182.1(2) angstroms3. Crystal data for 2: a = 10.8867(5), b = 15.2504(7), c = 15.7022(7) angstroms, alpha = 64.9850(10), beta = 83.0430(10), gamma = 71.1570(10), V = 2235.47(18) angstroms3. In the electronic reflectance spectra, compounds 1 and 2 exhibit a broad d-d band at approximately 700 nm, which is a considerable shift with respect to the value of 650-660 nm for a square-pyramidal [Cu(phen)2L] complex, indicating the coordination of [M(OH)6Mo6O18]3- POM anions (as a ligand) to the monophenanthroline copper complexes to form POM-supported copper complexes 1c, 1a, 2c, and 2a. The ESR spectrum of compound 1 shows a typical axial signal for a Cu2+ (d9) system, and that of compound 2, containing both chromium(III) and copper(II) ions, may reveal a zero-field-splitting of the central Cr3+ ion of the Anderson anion, [Cr(OH)6Mo6O18]3-, with an intense peak for the Cu2+ ion.
Bisphosphonate Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw

In 2003, the first reports describing osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) in patients receiving bisphosphonates (BP) were published. These cases occurred in patients with cancer receiving high-dose intravenous BP; however, 5% of the cases were in patients with osteoporosis receiving low-dose bisphosphonate therapy. We present the results of a systematic review of the incidence, risk factors, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of BP associated ONJ. We conducted a comprehensive literature search for relevant studies on BP associated ONJ in oncology and osteoporosis patients published before February 2008.All selected relevant articles were sorted by area of focus. Data for each area were abstracted by 2 independent reviewers. The results showed that the diagnosis is made clinically. Prospective data evaluating the incidence and etiologic factors are very limited. In oncology patients receiving high-dose intravenous BP, ONJ appears to be dependent on the dose and duration of therapy, with an estimated incidence of 1%–12% at 36 months of exposure. In osteoporosis patients, it is rare, with an estimated incidence < 1 case per 100,000 person-years of exposure. The incidence of ONJ in the general population is not known. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to confirm a causal link between low-dose BP use in the osteoporosis patient population and ONJ. We concluded BP associated ONJ is associated with high-dose BP therapy primarily in the oncology patient population. Prevention and treatment strategies are currently based on expert opinion and focus on maintaining good oral hygiene and conservative surgical intervention.
Dynamic elements in regional development: an explorative genealogical analysis of the region of Southwest Finland

ABSTRACT The paper suggests an explorative interpretative approach for conceptualizing regional change based on Foucault’s theory of genealogy. The theoretical outline is built on two key concepts of Foucault’s genealogy, (descent) and (emergence). The paper conceptualizes the heuristic notion of ‘adaptive element’ on the basis of descent, and the notion of ‘disruptive element’ on the basis of emergence. The paper demonstrates the use of these concepts in a brief case study of Southwest Finland from 1985 to 2001.
Site‐characteristic expression and induction of trefoil factor family 1, 2 and 3 and malignant brain tumor‐1 in normal and diseased intrahepatic bile ducts relates to biliary pathophysiology

Background/Aim: Trefoil factor family (TFF)1,2,3 are involved in a homeostasis/repair process of mucosal epithelia. In this study, the significance of TFF family and deleted in the malignant brain tumor‐1 (DMBT1), a putative receptor of TFF2, in the intrahepatic biliary tree was investigated in normal and diseased livers.