Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An improved unscented Kalman filter for projectile's attitude determination

In order to satisfy the request of real-time response, an improved unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is studied for the projectile's attitude determination in this paper. The inertial measurement unit (IMU) used to determinate the attitude of projectile is composed of only five low-cost micro electro-mechanical system (MEMS) accelerometers. A sensor measurement data fusion scheme is designed including high and low range configuration. UKF is used to estimate the state of system. The speed of computation of UKF is improved by reducing the number of sigma points. The experimental results in three-axis flight rotary table show that the improved UKF quickly converges and satisfies the request of real-time response.
Notice of RetractionIndigenous R&D, R&D spillovers and regional economic growth — Empirical analysis based on provincial panel data

Based on probing R&D into the regression model, this paper empirical analyzes the indigenous R&D investment on economic growth and the neighboring provinces R&D spillovers by using the 30 Chinese provincial panel data from 2000 to 2007. The research proves that whether the whole sample or the regional sample, indigenous R&D is playing an important role in regional economic growth, but in different regional the growth effect of R&D is very different. Spillover effects from neighboring provinces R&D investment also have positive impact on the economic growth in this area, the size of spillover effects differs in different regions.
Extracting Automata from Recurrent Neural Networks Using Queries and Counterexamples

We present a novel algorithm that uses exact learning and abstraction to extract a deterministic finite automaton describing the state dynamics of a given trained RNN. We do this using Angluin's L* algorithm as a learner and the trained RNN as an oracle. Our technique efficiently extracts accurate automata from trained RNNs, even when the state vectors are large and require fine differentiation.
HAART Adherence Strategies for Methadone Clients Who Are HIV-Positive

Research demonstrates that injection drug users with HIV and/or AIDS have difficulty adhering to complex regimens of HIV medications. Because of the risk of increased viral resistance associated with irregular medication adherence, there is considerable clinical need to assist clients who abuse substances in taking their antiretroviral medications on time and as directed. This article outlines intervention strategies to improve medication adherence among clients who are in methadone maintenance. In this treatment manual, the authors delineate contingency management procedures, including voucher incentives and a fishbowl lottery prize system. They also describe intervention elements and adherence tools for medication coaching. The purpose of this manual is to describe the intervention procedures for clinicians and to serve as a resource for drug abuse treatment programs that serve clients who are HIV-positive.
CDC33 encodes mRNA cap-binding protein eIF-4E of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The bcy1 mutation makes the cdc33 start mutant arrest at random points in the cell cycle instead of only at G1. We cloned and sequenced CDC33. This coding sequence is identical to that of the gene encoding the Saccharomyces cerevisiae 24-kilodalton mRNA cap-binding protein, eIF-4E.
A Lexicon-Corpus-based Unsupervised Chinese Word Segmentation Approach

Abstract This paper presents a Lexicon-Corpus-based Unsupervised (LCU) Chinese word segmentation approach to improve the Chinese word segmentation result. Specifically, it combines advantages of lexicon-based approach and Corpus-based approach to identify out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words and guarantee segmentation consistency of the actual words in texts as well. In addition, a Forward Maximum Fixed-count Segmentation (FMFS) algorithm is developed to identify phrases in texts at first. Detailed rules and experiment results of LCU are presented, too. Compared with lexicon-based approach or corpus-based approach, LCU approach makes a great improvement in Chinese word segmentation, especially for identifying n-char words. And also, two evaluation indexes are proposed to describe the effectiveness in extracting phrases, one is segmentation rate (S), and the other is segmentation consistency degree (D).
Source of Improvement in Balance Control after a Training Program for Ankle Proprioception

Previous research on healthy individuals reported improvements in balance control following a purported ankle proprioception-training program. The training may have resulted in a general rather than a specific enhancement of ankle proprioception. To test this hypothesis, subjects were constrained at the hips and trunk with a custom-made thoracolumbosacral orthosis and performed a one-leg standing test with eyes closed and head tilted back, so that they had to rely primarily on their ankle musculature to keep their balance. Subjects were retested after training on the BAPS® three times a week for 4 weeks, following the training recommendations of the manual. Subjects' bodies were not constrained during the training. Analysis showed that subjects made improvements during training in performing more difficult tasks on the board. On the one-leg test, however, there were no improvements in sway velocity, number of touchdowns, or falls relative to pretest scores. Improvements observed during training likely resulted from diffuse enhancement of proprioception in other body segments such as the knees, hips, spine, and upper extremities. A training program in control of general balance does not specifically target ankle proprioception.
PAPR Reduction using OFDM Technique with Rate and Power Allocation Employed with JSCC Coding Technique

robust and an efficient source and channel coding algorithms is proposed in this paper for the purpose of progressive transmission of images over wireless communication systems. This paper presents a modified orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system for robust progressive image transmission. A joint source channel coder is employed in the modified OFDM system. The set Partioning hierarchical trees (SPIHT) used as source code and low density parity check code used as channel coder. The input image is applied with discrete wavelet transforms, by using an wavelet type of biorthogonal wavelet family, in turn then the SPIHT algorithm is applied for the further process, while decoding an IDWT is applied for the reconstruction of the image. The modified OFDM system includes an adaptive clipping technique as a peak to average power ratio reduction technique for the OFDM signal. This proposed PAPR reduction technique is based on adaptive clipping for the amplitude of the input signal, where each of the signals related to the different four groups of the modified SPIHT coder is clipped with a different clipping level according to the group sensitivity, also this work is carried on a 1024*1024 image. Finally this paper demonstrates the efficiency of the modified OFDM system with proposed PAPR reduction technique, when compared with a normal OFDM system without the adaptive clipping technique, and also a CCDF (complementary Cumulative Distributive function) comparison of PAPR is done for the modified OFDM system with and without adaptive clipping over AWGN with QPSK and QAM16 modulation technique. The simulation results are presented based on bit error rate (BER), the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and PAPR over AWGN channel. Based on the simulation results, the proposed structure provides a significant improvement in BER and PSNR performances and a reduction in PAPR is achieved. KeywordsPAPR, SPIHT, Wavelet, biorthogonal, CCDF, LDPC, Unequal Error Protection (UEP), AWGN channel.
Alternative splicing of the Cav2.2 subunit: a change in N‐type calcium channel activity for which purpose?

N-type voltage-gated calcium channels represent one of the major pathways for calcium (Ca2+) entry into nerve termini, where they participate actively in the molecular processes of synaptic transmission by controlling neurotransmitter release. They are highly expressed in the brain as well as at spinal levels in small diameter myelinated and unmyelinated nociceptive neurons of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) where they play a critical role in noxious stimuli transmission. For that reason, they are the direct and indirect pharmacological target of current analgesics (Bourinet & Zamponi, 2005), and remain the prime target for the development of new promising painkiller molecules. Recently, a new functional N-type Ca2+ channel Cav2.2e[37a] isoform was described (Bell et al. 2004). It results from an alternative splicing in the C-terminus of the Cav2.2 subunit, the pore-forming subunit of the N-type Ca2+ channel, consisting of the inclusion of e37a, one of the pair of mutually exclusive exons e27a and e37b. This splice variant is mainly expressed in nociceptive neurons and a strong correlation was described between expression levels of e37a mRNA and larger N-type Ca2+ currents, suggesting a major functional implication of the Cav2.2e[37a] channel isoform in nociceptor physiology. In a recent report published in The Journal of Physiology, the authors provide new insights into the functional properties of this new channel isoform (Castiglioni et al. 2006). Using the patch-clamp technique in tsA201 cells (a subclone of the human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK) 293) and transiently expressing Cav2.2e[37a] or Cav2.2e[37b] channels in combination with β3 and α2δ1 auxiliary subunits, the authors performed an extensive study in order to determine the functional importance of C-terminus alternative splicing of the Cav2.2 subunit on N-type Ca2+ channel activity.
Surface Tension Evaluation of Molten Silicates Containing Surface-active Components (B2O3, CaF2 or Na2O)

A thermodynamic model for determining the surface tension of molten ionic mixtures, derived by considering the ionic radii, was applied to molten silicates containing a surface-active component B2O3, CaF2 or Na2O. The calculated results of the present model were in agreement with the experimental data in these ternary systems over a wide temperature range.
Epileptic seizures and survival in early disease of grade 2 gliomas

Background and purpose: The aims of this study were (i) to determine the correlation between seizure activity and the metabolic rate of the tumour measured by 11C‐methionine PET (MET PET) in patients with grade 2 gliomas, and (ii) to assess the prognostic impact of early seizure manifestations on patient survival.
FtsZ ring in bacterial cytokinesis

FtsZ is localized to a cytokinetic ring at the cell division site in bacteria. In this review a model is discussed that suggests that FtsZ self assembles into a ring at a nucleation site formed on the cytoplasmic membrane under cell‐cycle control. This model suggests that formation of the cytokinetic FtsZ ring initiates and coordinates the circumferential invagination of the cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall, leading to formation of the septum. It is also suggested that this process may be conserved among the peptidoglycan‐containing eubacteria. In addition, similarities between FtsZ and tubulin are discussed.
Novel stacked CMOS image sensor with advanced Cu2Cu hybrid bonding

We have successfully mass-produced novel stacked back-illuminated CMOS image sensors (BI-CIS). In the new CIS, we introduced advanced Cu2Cu hybrid bonding that we had developed. The electrical test results showed that our highly robust Cu2Cu hybrid bonding achieved remarkable connectivity and reliability. The performance of image sensor was also investigated and our novel stacked BI-CIS showed favorable results.
Oxidized low density lipoprotein and innate immune receptors

Purpose of review Atherosclerosis is now recognized as a chronic inflammatory disease. This review discusses recent literature reporting that innate immune receptors bind oxidatively modified LDL and its many oxidized moieties and consequently modulate the atherogenic process. These innate pattern recognition receptors are known to play a central role in pro-inflammatory responses to bacteria by binding pathogen-associated molecular patterns. It is hypothesized that oxidized LDL exposes similar molecular patterns recognized by receptors of innate immunity. Recent findings Minimally modified LDL and its oxidized phospholipids have been found to bind to CD14 or activate Toll-like receptors on macrophages. In turn, various biological activities have been induced, including the stimulation of cytoskeletal rearrangements that alter phagocytic activity and the stimulation of cytokine secretion, such as IL-8. These findings link modified LDL with innate pattern recognition receptors, such as those involved in the lipopolysaccharide signaling pathway. Human epidemiological studies support the involvement of CD14 and TLR4 in cardiovascular diseases. Oxidized LDL has also been demonstrated to bind to C-reactive protein, an opsonic molecule activating classic complement pathway and Fcγ receptor endocytosis. These data suggest that C-reactive protein may not only be a strong predictor of clinical disease, but may also play a role in atherogenesis. Recent data on other innate immune receptors are discussed in the context of their potential interactions with oxidized LDL and atherogenesis. Summary Recent findings suggest that oxidized forms of LDL interact with innate immune receptors. Further studies are needed to identify the role of these interactions in inflammation and atherosclerosis.
MRI biomarkers for evaluation of treatment efficacy in preclinical diabetic retinopathy.

INTRODUCTION One sober consequence of the current epidemic of diabetes mellitus is that an increasing number of people world-wide will partially or completely lose their sight to diabetic retinopathy. Clinically, the sight-threatening complications of diabetes are diagnosed and treated based on visible retinal lesions (e.g., dot-blot hemorrhages or retinal neovascularization). However, such anatomical microvascular lesions are slow to respond with treatment. Thus, there remains an urgent need for imaging biomarkers that are abnormal before retinal lesions are visibly apparent and are responsive to treatment. AREAS COVERED Here, the development of new MRI methods, such as manganese-enhanced MRI, for evaluating early diabetes-evoked retinal pathophysiology, and its usefulness in guiding new treatments for diabetic retinopathy are reviewed. EXPERT OPINION In diabetic retinopathy, not all important diagnostic and prognostic needs are well served by optical methods. In the absence of gross anatomy changes, critical times when drug intervention is most likely to be successful at reducing vision loss are missed by most light-based methods and thus provide little help in guiding diagnosis and treatment. For example, before clinical symptoms, is there an optimal time to intervene with drug therapy? Is a drug reaching its target? How does one assess optimal drug dose, schedule, and routes? How well do current experimental models mimic the clinical condition? As discussed herein, MRI is as an analytical tool for addressing these unmet needs. Future clinical applications of MRI can be envisioned such as in clinical trials to assess drug treatment efficacy, or as an adjunct approach to refine or clarify a difficult clinical case. New MRI-generated hypotheses about the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy and its treatment are discussed. In the coming years, a substantial growth in the development and application of MRI is expected to address relevant question in both the basic sciences and in the clinic.
Sudden cardiac death in football

Abstract Football is the most popular sport worldwide and includes the largest population of sports participants, especially in the field of recreational sport. It remains controversial whether football represents a sport discipline with a particular high risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). The true incidence of SCD among football players is not known due to a lack of football-specific studies. In particular, recreational football players over an age of 35 years with a predominance of coronary artery disease (CAD) who do not exercise regularly are exposed to a higher risk of SCD. Surprisingly, the few European studies that included football as a sport discipline, showed that CAD already plays an important role in the young athlete. Potential pathophysiological mechanisms in football that may lead to a higher risk of SCD include the high release of catecholamines, increased platelet aggregation, dehydration and electrolyte disturbances. Establishment of sport-specific and national registers for SCD should certainly contribute to a better understanding of this highly important topic.
The Compounds Responsible for the Sensory Profile in Monovarietal Virgin Olive Oils

Monovarietal virgin olive oils (VOOs) are very effective to study relationships among sensory attributes, the compounds responsible for flavour, and factors affecting them. The stimulation of the human sensory receptors by volatile and non-volatile compounds present in monovarietal virgin olive oils gives rise to the sensory attributes that describe their peculiar delicate and fragrant flavours. The formation of these compounds is briefly illustrated and the influence of the agronomic and technological factors that affect their concentrations in the oil is examined. The relationships between compounds responsible for the olive oil flavour and sensory attributes are discussed. Several approaches for the varietal differentiation of monovarietal virgin olive oils are also overviewed.
Scaling Machine Learning via Compressed Linear Algebra

Large-scale machine learning (ML) algorithms are often iterative, using repeated read-only data access and I/Obound matrix-vector multiplications to converge to an optimal model. It is crucial for performance to fit the data into single-node or distributed main memory and enable very fast matrix-vector operations on in-memory data. Generalpurpose, heavy- and lightweight compression techniques struggle to achieve both good compression ratios and fast decompression speed to enable block-wise uncompressed operations. Compressed linear algebra (CLA) avoids these problems by applying lightweight lossless database compression techniques to matrices and then executing linear algebra operations such as matrix-vector multiplication directly on the compressed representations. The key ingredients are effective column compression schemes, cache-conscious operations, and an efficient sampling-based compression algorithm. Experiments on an initial implementation in SystemML show in-memory operations performance close to the uncompressed case and good compression ratios.We thereby obtain significant end-to-end performance improvements up to 26x or reduced memory requirements.
Towards Regulatory Compliance - A model for the South African Financial Sector

The information age brought along with it, significant advances, challenges and changes, thus resulting in the businesses becoming more complex significant advances such as using the cyber world as a market place, with the aid of new technology. Clearly, the trend of exploiting the cyber market has benefited the financial industry. However, whereas Information Technology is of critical importance to business, it also creates vulnerabilities which can be exploited. Many of these security issues are regulated by law. In particular, the SA financial sector is regulated (locally) by the Banks Act, Electronic Communication and Transaction Act (ECT Act) and the Financial Intelligence Center Act (FICA), to name a few. International legislation may also affect local banks, if they have international operations, for example the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Financial Services Modernization Act (GLBA), the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) and the Basel II Accord. Undoubtedly, the above-mentioned laws are crucial to ensure inter alia, that the security and privacy of information held by banks are protected. However, the adoption of more and more regulations is drawing heavily on resources from banks that have to ensure compliance with all the relevant laws. Attempts towards compliance might be disjointed and even contradictory if a unified approach is not followed. Various compliance projects initiated by a bank, could also duplicate controls that have already been put in place as part of other projects. Therefore we propose the South African Financial Regulatory (SAFReg) compliance model, a model to facilitate regulatory compliance in the SA financial sector. A generic model is proposed, but elements from the abovementioned laws that address security and privacy, are used as a case study or proof-of-concept.
Load balancing routing in Time-Sensitive Networks

In the research the load balancing routing model in Time-Sensitive Networks is proposed. The novelty of the solution is a type of optimality criterion, the use of which minimizes the circuit delays. The proposed solution is compromise in terms of computational implementation as compared to the previously known models, in which the equality of the circuit delays of packets were considered as limitations, rather than optimality criterion.
A Pilot Study of Mood in Epilepsy Patients Treated with Vagus Nerve Stimulation

Context. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are frequently used for their beneficial mood effects.Objective. We sought to determine if there was a quantifiable effect on mood of the vagus nerve stimulator (VNS) when used as an antiseizure treatment.Design. Mood was assessed before and 3 months after VNS implantation in adult epilepsy patients. A group of adult epilepsy patients on stable AED regimens were used as a comparison group. AED regimens were unchanged during the study. The change in mood scale scores across time was assessed by t test (intragroup) and two-factor repeated-measures ANOVA (intergroup). Setting. An epilepsy center in a university hospital was the setting.Subjects. Twenty consecutive adult epilepsy patients undergoing VNS implantation to improve seizure control and twenty adult seizure patients with no intervention were enrolled.Main outcome measures. The mood scales used were the Cornell Dysthymia Rating Scale (CDRS) and the Hamilton Depression (Ham-D), Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (Ham-A), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scales.Results. The VNS group showed a significant decrease in mood scale scores across time (t test CDRS P = 0.001, Ham-D P = 0.017, BDI P = 0.045), indicating a decrease in depressive symptoms. The Ham-A scores in the VNS group and the comparison group scores did not significantly change across time. There were no significant differences between groups across time, although the BDI approached significance at P = 0.07. The VNS group had a significant decrease in seizure frequency compared with the comparison group (P = 0.01). There was no difference in mood scales over time between the VNS treatment responders (defined by >50% decrease in seizure frequency) and nonresponders, suggesting dissociation between seizure frequency reduction and mood change.Conclusion. VNS treatment is associated with mood improvement as measured by multiple scales, but differences in mood scale scores over time between the VNS and a comparison group were not found.