Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functions and functional on finite systems

The global function on finite systems is a new concept defined by Gurevich in [1] and discussed in [2] and [3]. In the last ten years this concept has become more and more useful in computer science and logic. Gurevich also pointed out the importance of global functionals on finite systems. In this paper we will give a brief introduction to the concepts of global functions and global functionals on finite systems. In studying the natural number system N = 〈N, +,0〉 we often refer to its functions and functionals. There are a lot of books and papers in this area. Kleene in [4] gave a detailed introduction to the recursive functions of N. The functionals of N are normally very difficult to compute because here we need to tell the machine what the input function is, which is not very easy to do. In developing the theory of finite systems the functions and functionals are also very useful. For computing the functionals in finite systems we can take the entire graph of a function as the input, which is not possible in N. We will discuss recursive functions and functionals for finite systems. The definitions of recursive functions are very similar to the case in N, but we will have a very different situation. In N the number of elements is infinite. The number of all possible functions from N to N is the continuum. In a finite system the number of all possible functions is finite. It seems that there is no necessity to define the global functions.
Proteomic analysis of glutamine‐treated human intestinal epithelial HCT‐8 cells under basal and inflammatory conditions

Glutamine (Gln) promotes intestinal growth and maintains gut structure and function, especially in situations of injury and during inflammation. Several mechanisms could contribute to Gln protective effects on gut. Proteomics enable us to characterize differentially expressed proteins in tissues in response to modifications of the biological or nutritional environment. Gln effects on the human intestinal epithelial HCT‐8 cell line proteome were assessed under basal and proinflammatory conditions. The 2‐DE gels were obtained and compared. Proteins were identified by MS and using databases. About 1200 spots were detected in both 2‐ and 10‐mM Gln concentrations. Under basal conditions, 24 proteins were differentially expressed in response to Gln. Half of these proteins were implicated in protein biosynthesis or proteolysis and 20% in membrane trafficking. Under proinflammatory conditions, 27 proteins were up‐ or down‐regulated by Gln 10 mM. From these proteins, 40% were involved in protein biosynthesis or proteolysis, 16% in membrane trafficking, 8% in cell cycle and apoptosis mechanisms and 8% in nucleic acid metabolism. This study provides the first holistic picture of proteome modulation by Gln in a human enterocytic cell line under basal and proinflammatory conditions, and supports further evaluation of nutritional modulation of intestinal proteome in humans.
Static smooth path-following control Lyapunov function design via minimum projection method

Kuga et al. proposed a C∞ differentiable strict control Lyapunov function (CLF) design method for differerntially flat systems. Nakamura et al. proposed a path-following control Lyapunov function (PF-CLF). In this paper, we propose a differentiable PF-CLF design method for the path-following problem and design a controller for two-wheeled vehicles. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by computer simulation.
Long-term facilitation of ventilation in humans with chronic spinal cord injury.

RATIONALE Intermittent stimulation of the respiratory system with hypoxia causes persistent increases in respiratory motor output (i.e., long-term facilitation) in animals with spinal cord injury. This paradigm, therefore, has been touted as a potential respiratory rehabilitation strategy. OBJECTIVES To determine whether acute (daily) exposure to intermittent hypoxia can also evoke long-term facilitation of ventilation after chronic spinal cord injury in humans, and whether repeated daily exposure to intermittent hypoxia enhances the magnitude of this response. METHODS Eight individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury (>1 yr; cervical [n = 6], thoracic [n = 2]) were exposed to intermittent hypoxia (eight 2-min intervals of 8% oxygen) for 10 days. During all exposures, end-tidal carbon dioxide levels were maintained, on average, 2 mm Hg above resting values. Minute ventilation, tidal volume, and breathing frequency were measured before (baseline), during, and 30 minutes after intermittent hypoxia. Sham protocols consisted of exposure to room air and were administered to a subset of the participants (n = 4). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Minute ventilation increased significantly for 30 minutes after acute exposure to intermittent hypoxia (P < 0.001), but not after sham exposure. However, the magnitude of ventilatory long-term facilitation was not enhanced over 10 days of intermittent hypoxia exposures. CONCLUSIONS Ventilatory long-term facilitation can be evoked by brief periods of hypoxia in humans with chronic spinal cord injury. Thus, intermittent hypoxia may represent a strategy for inducing respiratory neuroplasticity after declines in respiratory function that are related to neurological impairment. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials. gov (NCT01272011).
On the nucleation of partial dislocations in nanoparticles

Nanocrystalline face-centred-cubic (FCC) materials show unique mechanical properties. In this regard, an interesting but controversial discovery is that nanocrystalline FCC materials with high stacking-fault energy (SFE), such as aluminum (Al), exhibit a novel mechanism of deformation. In particular, both molecular dynamic simulations and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy observations show that for nanocrystalline Al mechanical twinning plays an important role in the deformation process. Yet these results are surprising, as the presence of partial dislocations in high SFE FCC metals are expected to be unstable. The purpose of this article is to offer a plausible explanation for the occurrence of stacking faults and deformation twins in nanocrystalline Al. A simple model is developed for the nucleation of both perfect and partial dislocation half-loops in individual single-crystal nanoparticles of Al and copper (Cu) with different sizes subjected to shear stress. The model shows that as the size of the nanoparticles decreases, partial dislocations are more likely to occur. Moreover, for a constant applied stress, there is a critical size for which the nucleation of partial dislocations occurs is more probable, compared to that of perfect dislocations.
Analysis of Aerosol Optical Thickness in Timisoara from AERONET Global Network Observations

Original scientific paper Aerosol particle thickness measurements were performed at the "Politehnika" University in Timisoara (Romania) during March 2011 using a CIMEL SUN solar photometer, as part of the global AERONET network. The aerosol optical thickness (AOT) represents a parameter of optical visibility in an atmospheric air column from the instrument towards the sun, affected by the presence of aerosol particles (e.g. smoke particles, desert sand). Precision analyses were performed to determine the types of aerosols present. Results were recorded during June 2011. The aerosol optical thickness (AOT) was increased on the 9th of June because of sands that drifted on air currents from Northern Africa to the western part of Romania.
Education and Training in Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care

Pediatric cardiac critical care is a new and emerging field. There is no standardization to the current education provided, and high-quality patient outcomes require such standardization. For physicians, this includes fellowship training, specific competencies, and a certification process. For advanced practice providers, a standardized curriculum as well as a certification process is needed. There is evidence that supports a finding that critical care nursing experience may have a positive impact on outcomes from pediatric cardiac surgery. A rigorous orientation and meaningful continuing education may augment that. For all disciplines and levels of expertise, simulation is a useful modality in the education in pediatric cardiac critical care.
Efficient GA-inspired macro-modeling of general LTI multi-port systems

A numerically robust sampling and rational fitting method is introduced, that models the entire state-space matrix of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. The algorithm adaptively builds an accurate rational pole-residue model, based on a minimal set of support samples. During the modeling process, no prior knowledge of the system's dynamics is required. The "survival-of-the-fittest" principle of a genetic algorithm (GA) provides a reliable way to detect convergence of the modeling process.
Fish community modeling agents on an artificial reef on the northern coast of Rio de Janeiro - Brazil

Stationary visual census surveys were performed on an experimental artificial reef (21o29'S, 41o00'W) to clarify the role of structural complexity and benthic community as fish community modeling agents. Concrete modules of four types were grouped according to the combination of structural complexity through the presence/absence of holes and favourable/unfavourable surface for benthic colonization by anti-fouling painting. The survey (December 2002 to March 2003) showed higher abundance, richness and diversity in the complex modules. The same habitat usage pattern was observed according to vertical position and bottom type categories: demersal, hard-bottom and habitat generalist fishes preferred the complex ones. A higher number of juveniles occurred at those modules. It is assumed that trophic relationships and different habitat selection related to ontogenetic stages are also important modeling agents to the fish community structure since juvenile fish seem to actively seek the experimental complex modules.
A new scheme for estimating H . 264 / AVC-based video sensor network power consumption

Video sensor networks (VSNs) require extensive com putation for encoding and transmitting the captured video data. The encoder settings used by the VSN nodes determine the encoding complexity and bitrate of the video streams. There is a tradeoff between encoding compl exity and compression performance. In order to exploit that trade-off, we have modeled the complexity and bitrate of H.264/AVC, based on encoder setting p arameters. We also propose a method to reduce the bitrate and complexi ty stimation error of the model. To verify the performance of our scheme a la rge database of real scene videos captured by video sensor network cameras is u ed. Experiment results confirm our model successfully estimates the VSN po wer consumption for a given network topology.
Robust Decentralized Secondary Frequency Control in Power Systems: Merits and Tradeoffs

Frequency restoration in power systems is conventionally performed by broadcasting a centralized signal to local controllers. As a result of energy transition, technological advances, and scientific interest in distributed control and optimization methods, a plethora of distributed frequency control strategies have been proposed recently, which rely on communication amongst local controllers. In this paper, we propose a fully decentralized leaky integral controller for frequency restoration, which is derived from a classic lag element. We study steady-state, asymptotic optimality, nominal stability, input-to-state stability, noise rejection, transient performance, and robustness properties of this controller in closed loop with a nonlinear and multivariable power system model. We demonstrate that the leaky integral controller can strike an acceptable tradeoff between performance and robustness as well as between asymptotic disturbance rejection and transient convergence rate by tuning its dc gain and time constant. We compare our findings to conventional decentralized integral control and distributed-averaging-based integral control in theory and simulations.
Transport properties through hexagonal boron nitride clusters embedded in graphene nanoribbons

First-principles calculations are employed in the study of the electronic and quantum transport properties of hexagonally shaped boron nitride (h-BN) clusters embedded in either zigzag or armchair graphene nanoribbons. Chemical doping of the h-BN cluster was taken into consideration by using carbon atoms to replace either the boron ( B 24 N 27 C 3 ? > ) or the nitrogen ( B 27 N 24 C 3 ? > ) sites in the central ring. While the quantum conductance of the system with zigzag edges is found to be spin-dependent, it was observed that the system with an armchair edge requires an electron imbalance in order to show a spin-dependent conductance. Furthermore, the possibility of molecular adsorption onto these doped systems is studied. The effects of the attached molecules to the quantum conductance shows the potential of these hybrid systems for molecular sensing applications.
EVOLUTIONARY LOSS OF LARVAL FEEDING: DEVELOPMENT, FORM AND FUNCTION IN A FACULTATIVELY FEEDING LARVA, BRISASTER LATIFRONS

Species with large eggs and nonfeeding larvae have evolved many times from ancestors with smaller eggs and feeding larvae in numerous groups of aquatic invertebrates and amphibians. This change in reproductive allocation and larval form is often accompanied by dramatic changes in development. Little is known of this transformation because the intermediate form (a facultatively feeding larva) is rare. Knowledge of facultatively feeding larvae may help explain the conditions under which nonfeeding larvae evolve. Two hypotheses concerning the evolutionary loss of larval feeding are as follows: (1) large eggs evolve before modifications in larval development, and (2) the intermediate form (facultatively feeding larva) is evolutionarily short‐lived. I show that larvae of a heart urchin, Brisaster latifrons, are capable of feeding but do not require food to complete larval development. Food for larvae appears to have little effect on larval growth and development. The development, form, and suspension feeding mechanism of these larvae are similar to those of obligate‐feeding larvae of other echinoids. Feeding rates of Brisaster larvae are similar to cooccurring, obligate‐feeding echinoid larvae but are low relative to the large size of Brisaster larvae. The comparison shows that in Brisaster large egg size, independence from larval food, and relatively low feeding rate have evolved before the heterochronies and modified developmental mechanisms common in nonfeeding echinoid larvae. If it is general, the result suggests that hypotheses concerning the origin of nonfeeding larval development should be based on ecological factors that affect natural selection for large eggs, rather than on the evolution of heterochronies and developmental novelties in particular clades. I also discuss alternative hypotheses concerning the evolutionary persistence of facultative larval feeding as a reproductive strategy. These hypotheses could be tested against a phylogenetic hypothesis.
Morphological and histochemical study of granular acidophilic cells in the connective tissue of some ophidians.

Morphological and histochemical observations on the so-called granular acidophilic cells in the connective tissue of six different species of snakes are reported.These cells present the same morphological aspects of their analogous found in some species of fishes, but the histochemical characteristics are different in some ways.By the methods used in this study it has been possible to detect a glycoproteic complex, as well as an esterase activity, in the cytoplasmic granules.
Backbone dynamics of the C-terminal domain of Escherichia coli topoisomerase I in the absence and presence of single-stranded DNA.

The backbone dynamics of the C-terminal DNA-binding domain of Escherichia coli topoisomerase I has been characterized in the absence and presence of single-stranded DNA by NMR spectroscopy. 15N spin-lattice relaxation times (T1), spin-spin relaxation times (T2), and heteronuclear NOEs were determined for the uniformly 15N-labeled protein. These data were analyzed by using the model-free formalism to derive the model-free parameters (S2, tau e, and R(ex)) for each backbone N-H bond vector and the overall molecular rotational correlation time (tau m). , The molecular rotational correlation time tau m was determined to be 7.49 +/- 0.36 ns for the free and 12.7 +/- 1.07 ns for the complexed protein. Several residues were found to be much more mobile than the average, including 11 residues at the N-terminus, 2 residues at the C-terminus, and residues 25 and 31-35 which are located in a region of the protein that binds to DNA. The binding of ssDNA to the free protein causes a slight increase in the order parameters (S2) for a small number of residues and a slight decrease in the order parameters (S2) for the majority of the residues. In particular, upon binding to ssDNA, the mobility of the first alpha-helix and the two beta-sheets was slightly increased, and the mobility of a few specific residues in the loops/turns was restricted. These results differ from the previous studies on the backbone dynamics of molecular complexes in which reduced mobilities were typically observed upon ligand binding.
SBL-Based GLRT for Spectrum Sensing in OFDMA-Based Cognitive Radio Networks

In this letter, a novel sparse Bayesian learning (SBL)-based spectrum sensing technique is proposed for an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access-based cognitive radio network. The SBL framework is employed to acquire the temporally sparse channel estimates, which are subsequently incorporated in the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) to obtain the novel decision statistics. In addition, two other GLRT-based schemes are developed, considering the known and unknown sparsity information, respectively, of the wireless multipath channel at the secondary user. In this context, closed form expressions are derived to characterize the theoretical probability of false-alarm and the probability of detection performance. Finally, some interesting inferences are presented with respect to the derived asymptotic GLRT bounds.
Electroconvulsive therapy in 1985 — a review

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has recently been re‐examined in randomized, double‐blind controlled trials. Although a variable placebo influence has been demonstrated, the effectiveness of ECT in severe depression is now well established. ECT may also have a role in the treatment of resistant schizophrenia. A bilateral convulsion is essential for therapeutic efficiency. Unilateral electrode placement is as effective as bilateral placement and reduces subsequent memory impairment considerably. A reduction in the total electrical energy used to produce the convulsion (with unidirectional squared wave forms and brief pulses) lessens cognitive difficulties after ECT. Long‐term memory is not impaired but selective impairment of verbal and non‐verbal learning can occur in the short term. Psycho‐pharmacological studies suggest that postsynaptic dopamine transmission may be enhanced by ECT.
Activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor type 2/3 suppresses transmission at rat hippocampal mossy fibre synapses.

1. The effects of metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonists on excitatory transmission at mossy fibre‐CA3 synapses were studied in rat hippocampal slice preparations using both extracellular and whole‐cell clamp recording techniques. 2. Application of a novel and potent mGluR2/mGluR3‐specific agonist (2S,1'R,2'R,3'R)‐2‐(2,3‐dicarboxycyclopropyl)glycine (DCG‐IV, 0.1 microM) reversibly suppressed field excitatory postsynaptic potentials evoked by mossy fibre stimulation. DCG‐IV at the same concentration did not affect other glutamatergic excitatory transmissions at the commissural/associational input to CA3 or at the Schaffer collateral/commissural input to CA1 regions. 3. This suppressing effect of DCG‐IV on mossy fibre transmission was dose dependent and partly antagonized by a competitive mGluR antagonist (+)‐methyl‐4‐carboxylphenylglycine (1 mM). 4. The field potential changes induced by pressure application of glutamate (0.1 mM) to the stratum lucidum of the CA3 region was unaffected by 0.1 microM DCG‐IV. 5. In whole‐cell clamp experiments, 0.1 microM DCG‐IV suppressed excitatory postsynaptic currents evoked by mossy fibre stimulation without inducing detectable inward current in CA3 neurons, and paired‐pulse facilitation was enhanced by DCG‐IV application. 6. These results suggest that mGluR2/mGluR3 are specifically expressed at mossy fibre synapses in the hippocampal CA3 region, and activation of the receptor suppresses synaptic transmission by an action on a presynaptic site.
Risk behaviors for sexually transmitted infections among men with mental disorders.

OBJECTIVE Risk behaviors for sexually transmitted infections among men with mental disorders who were using outpatient psychiatric services and among men who had never been treated for a mental disorder were compared. METHODS Ninety-two men with major mental disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and mood disorders, were individually matched for age and ethnicity with 92 men who had never been treated for mental illness. All subjects completed a semistructured interview about specific risk behaviors for sexually transmitted infections that they may have engaged in during the preceding year. RESULTS The 49 patients with mental disorders who had been sexually active in the preceding year were significantly more likely than the 78 sexually active comparison subjects to have known their sexual partner for less than one day and to report having been pressured into unwanted sexual intercourse. A strong but not significant trend was found for sexually active patients to have had sex with a male partner and sex with a drug user. Overall, the patients with mental disorders answered ten questions measuring AIDS knowledge questions significantly less well than the comparison subjects. CONCLUSIONS The results underscore the priority for developing programs for preventing risk behaviors for sexually transmitted infections among men with mental disorders.
Requirement for the Adapter Protein GRB2 in EGF Receptor Endocytosis

Activated epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors induce the formation of various complexes of intracellular signaling proteins that are mediated by SRC homology 2 (SH2) and SH3 domains. The activated receptors are also rapidly internalized into the endocytotic compartment and degraded in lysosomes. EGF stimulation of canine epithelial cells induced a rapid and transient association of the SH3-SH2-SH3 protein GRB2 with dynamin, a guanosine triphosphatase that regulates endocytosis. Disruption of GRB2 interactions by microinjection of a peptide corresponding to the GRB2 SH2 domain or its phosphopeptide ligand blocked EGF receptor endocytosis; other SH2 domains that bind EGF receptors or antibodies that neutralize RAS did not. Both activation and termination of EGF signaling appear to be regulated by the diverse interactions of GRB2.
Allometric growth of tissues in pig hams

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of MHS genotype on growth and development of muscle and fatty tissue in pig hams. The investigation was performed on 72 barrows divided into 4 groups according to genotype (NN and Nn) and feeding regime (standard and intensive). The data for analyses were collected by MRT imaging ; the coefficients of allometric growth were calculated using simple allometric function. The allometric growth coefficients of muscle and fatty tissue showed that muscle tissue grow proportionally with the increase of live weight (b≈ 1), while fatty tissue grow faster compared to the live weight increase (b>1). The differences in allometric growth coefficients calculated for muscle and fatty tissues in the hams of investigated pigs were not statistically significant between the feeding groups and between the genotypes either (P>0.05).