Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predicting cybersickness based on user's gaze behaviors in HMD-based virtual reality

Cybersickness refers to a group of uncomfortable symptoms experienced in virtual reality (VR). Among several theories of cybersickness, the subjective vertical mismatch (SVM) theory focuses on an individual’s internal model, which is created and updated through past experiences. Although previous studies have attempted to provide experimental evidence for the theory, most approaches are limited to subjective measures or body sway. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the SVM theory on the basis of the participant’s eye movements and investigate whether the subjective level of cybersickness can be predicted using eye-related measures. 26 participants experienced roller coaster VR while wearing a head-mounted display with eye tracking. We designed four experimental conditions by changing the orientation of the VR scene (upright vs. inverted) or the controllability of the participant’s body (unrestrained vs. restrained body). The results indicated that participants reported more severe cybersickness when experiencing the upright VR content without controllability. Moreover, distinctive eye movements (e.g. fixation duration and distance between the eye gaze and the object position sequence) were observed according to the experimental conditions. On the basis of these results, we developed a regression model using eye-movement features and found that our model can explain 34.8% of the total variance of cybersickness, indicating a substantial improvement compared to the previous work (4.2%). This study provides empirical data for the SVM theory using both subjective and eye-related measures. In particular, the results suggest that participants’ eye movements can serve as a significant index for predicting cybersickness when considering natural gaze behaviors during a VR experience.
Optimally Allocating Energy Storage for Active Distribution Networks to Reduce the Risk Under N-1 Contingencies

In distribution networks, N-1 contingencies are the main threats to load loss. To reduce the risk from power system threats, the energy storage (ES) can be applied to mitigate the load loss after the N-1 contingencies. However, for a given number of ESs, different location of ESs may have different mitigation results. This article first proposes a bi-level optimization model to find an optimal allocation of ESs for distribution networks, where the upper-level model is to minimize the total risk of all N-1 contingencies and the lower-level model is to compute the load loss for each contingency. Then, the proposed bilevel model is equivalently transformed into a single-level model using Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions. The simulation results on two test systems show the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Relative Distribution of Water Clusters at Temperature (300-3000K) and Pressure (1-500MPa)

At 300-3000K and 1-500MPa, variations of relative contents for small water clusters (H2O)n (n=1~6) were calculated by using statistical mechanical methods. First, 9 kinds of small water clusters were selected and their structures were optimized by using ab initio method. In the wide range of temperature (300-3000K) and pressure (1-500MPa), their equilibrium constants of reactions for formation of 9 kinds of water clusters were determined by using molecular partition function. Next, changes of contents (molar fractions) as function of temperature and pressure were estimated. The obtained results for small water clusters can be used to interpret temperature-pressure dependency of the average number for the hydrogen bonds in water clusters and redistribution of the water clusters at the ultrasonic cavitation reactions.
Photonic metamaterial surfaces for digital resolution biosensor microscopies using enhanced absorption, scattering, and emission

Newly demonstrated advanced biosensor imaging technologies utilize the unique electromagnetic capabilities of photonic metamaterials to enhance the interaction between light and biological matter. The resulting capabilities address gaps in existing technologies for biomolecular analysis that rely upon enzymatic and chemical amplification, costly instrumentation, and complex assay protocols. Through amplification of the excitation/extraction efficiency of light emitting tags, absorption efficiency of nanoparticle tags, and scattering efficiency of biological analytes, technology platforms have been demonstrated that are capable of ultrasensitive, digital-resolution, room temperature, isothermal, rapid, and highly quantitative biomolecular analysis.
Atan Regularized in Quantile Regression for High Dimensional Data

In this article, we proposed using a new version of penalty functions to estimate of parameters and variable selection in quantile regression. This version of the penalty depends on arctangent function called the atan penalty. Ridge and elastic-net are the penalties that are used to compare with the proposed estimator in quantile regression. A simulation study and the real data application showed that the proposed estimator is the best compred to the other estimators.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF BILAYERED FELODIPINE TRANSDERMAL PATCHES: IN VITRO AND EX VIVO CHARACTERIZATION

Objective: Felodipine (FD) is an effective Biopharmaceutics Classification System Class II calcium channel blocker mainly used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris. It has poor solubility and low oral bioavailability (15%). To overcome these disadvantages and to maintain constant plasma concentration for maximum therapeutic activity, there is a need to design an alternative route, that is, transdermal route. The pharmacokinetic parameters make FD a suitable candidate for transdermal delivery. The present investigation consists of the study of in vitro and ex vivo skin flux of FD from bilayered transdermal patches. Methods: The patches were fabricated by solvent casting method using hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymer with different composition. Tween 80 incorporated as solubilizer, polyethylene glycol 600 as plasticizer, menthol, eucalyptus oil, and lemongrass oil used as permeation enhancers, respectively. The prepared transdermal drug delivery system was extensively evaluated for in vitro release, ex vivo permeation through pig ear skin, moisture content, moisture absorption, water vapor transmission, and mechanical properties. The physicochemical interaction between FD and polymers was investigated by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Results: All the formulations exhibited satisfactory physicochemical and mechanical characteristics. A flux of 35.2 μg/cm2 h, 27.9 μg/cm2 h, and 25.25 μg/cm2 h was achieved for optimized formulations containing lemongrass oil, eucalyptus oil, and menthol, respectively, permeation enhances. Values of tensile strength (0.0652±0.034 kg/mm²) and elongation at break (0.8749±0.0.0029% mm²) revealed that formulation F9 was strong but not brittle. Drug and excipients compatibility studies showed no evidence of interaction between the active ingredient and polymers. Conclusion: Bilayered FD transdermal patches could be prepared with required flux and suitable mechanical properties.
The Horizontal Slab Beneath East Asia and Its Subdued Surface Dynamic Response

The kinematics of plate tectonics, deformation, and dynamic topography are strong indicators of coupling between plates and the mantle. East Asia is characterized by the presence of an unusually large horizontal slab that lies within the mantle transition zone. How this feature evolved and is linked to plate tectonics, deformation, and topography is poorly understood. Here, we show four‐dimensional geodynamic modeling results constrained by a new deforming plate reconstruction that fits mantle architecture inferred from seismic tomography. We find that the subducted western Pacific slab was progressively torn by the Philippine Sea plate rotating clockwise during the Miocene and that northwestward mantle flow contributed to shaping the horizontal slab during subduction, leading to dynamic subsidence along the East Asia margin. The rather subdued change in dynamic topography, predicted from those models that fit the horizontal slab in the mantle, is consistent with the variation in residual topography, recorded in the stratigraphy, within only about ±200 m over the last 50 Myr during a period of no large marine inundation or retreat. The tectonics and topography of East Asia strongly contrast with those of Southeast Asia and are reflective of slabs ephemerally stagnating in the mantle below East Asia while avalanching into the lower mantle below Southeast Asia.
Sensing and sensitivity: Computational chemistry of graphene‐based sensors

Highly efficient, tunable, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly electrochemical sensors featuring graphene‐based materials pose a formidable challenge for computational chemistry. In silico rationalization, optimization and, ultimately, prediction of their performance requires exploring a vast structural space of potential surface‐analyte complexes, further complicated by the presence of various defects and functionalities within the infinite graphene lattice. This immense number of systems and their periodic nature greatly limit the choice of computational tools applicable at a reasonable cost. An alternative approach using finite nanoflake models opens the doors to many more advanced and accurate electronic structure methods, while sacrificing the realism of representation. Locating the surface‐analyte complex is followed by an in‐depth in silico analysis of its energetic and electronic properties using, for example, energy decomposition schemes, as well as simulation of the signal, for example, a zero‐bias transmission spectra or a current–voltage curve, by means of the nonequilibrium Green's function method. These and other properties are examined in the context of a sensor's selectivity, sensitivity, and limit of detection with an aim to establish design principles for future devices. Herein, we analyze the advantages and limitations of diverse computational chemistry methods used at each of these steps in simulating graphene‐based electrochemical sensors. We present outstanding challenges toward predictive models and sketch possible solutions involving such contemporary techniques as multiscale simulations and high‐throughput screening.
A Distributed Optimal Scheduling Method Based on Microgrid Cluster of Plug and Play

This paper proposes a distributed optimization method to solve the problems of centralized optimization and centralized management of a microgrid. Also, the distributed optimization solution method upgrade to a process of distributed iterative solution and optimization, which can solve the distributed optimization problem of a large microgrid cluster. According to iterative calculation, accord the augmented Lagrange function supports the centralized optimization problem divided into corresponding subproblems, and the penalty factors of interconnected variables considered to adjust the consumption of local resources, to make microgrid cluster (MGC) more flexible. In particular, the framework of multi-verse consistency and model predictive control (MPC) can help the global optimization reach the optimal quickly. In this paper, the simulation is solved by Gurobi commercial solver in MATLAB. The results show that the proposed method needs only a few iterations to achieve global optimization, and the effectiveness of plug and play proved.
Power Loss Analysis in 15 Level Asymmetric Reduced Switch Inverter Using PLECS Thermal Model & SIMULINK Precise Models

Power losses are the most critical metrics in power converters analysis and has a significant impact on economic and technological assessments due to its sufficient approximation. This article aims to prove that the power losses (Switching & Conduction losses) are very low in low frequency switching modulation in contrast with high switching frequency modulation. Two switching modulation techniques Phase Disposition (PD-multi carrier-based pulse width modulation at high switching frequency) and Selective Harmonic Elimination Pulse Width Modulation (SHEPWM-fundamental switching frequency) are considered for the power loss assessment in 15-level reduced switch asymmetric multi-level inverter. This work proposed a simplified model for calculation of switching losses in multilevel inverters using MATAB SIMULINK. Further, the thermal model of the proposed inverter is implemented on PLECS for analyzing the power losses. The comparative analysis of switching and conduction losses of the proposed inverter with the PLECS thermal model and MATLAB precise models are integral part of this research.
Ab initio molecular metadynamics simulation for S-nitrosylation by nitric oxide: S-nitroxide as the key intermediate

Abstract Snitric oxide plays important roles in protein S-nitrosylation, in which thionitroxide (RSNHO) may serve as a signal at the cysteine site. Car-Parrinello metadynamics method was employed to investigate the possible fate of thionitroxide (S-nitroxide) in S-nitrosylation, focusing on S–N decomposition that leads to HNO, NO and even thiyl radical. As a result, the lowest-energy pathway from thiol towards S-nitrosothiol via thionitroxide was predicted to be feasible in a form of RSH + 2 NO• = RSNO + HNO. This equilibrium for the chemical modification was likely controlled by surrounding environment, that is, by aqueous solution and methanol in this simulation, and probably by dynamic structure of polar residues in S-nitrosylated protein. This work implied that the general importance of the temporal and spatial transformation of allosteric effect in a predictive modelling of protein post-translational modification could be briefly attested with the artificially intelligent CPMD algorithm.
Transition metal complexes of 2-(substituted-1H-pyrazole-4-yl)-1Hbenzo[d]imidazoles: Synthesis and characterization

Four novel monodentate 2-(3¢-(4²-sub-aryl)-1¢-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole ligands (La-d) have been synthesized via the cyclocondensation of o-phenelyndiamine with 1,3-disubstituted pyrazole aldehydes by adding oxidizing agent ceria ammonium nitrate as catalyst in presence of hydrogen peroxide in alcoholic media. The non chelated Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes of newly synthesized monodentate 2-substituted benzimidazole (La-d) ligands were prepared in 1:2-metal:ligand stoichiometry. The monodentate behavior of the ligand was confirmed on the basis of spectral studies. The Ni(II) complexes exhibits tetrahedral geometry where as Cu(II) complexes exhibits square planar geometry around the metal center.
New Progress in the Study of Convergence Insufficiency

Convergency insufficiency is typical symptoms such as blurring of distant vision, reexamination of near vision, jumping words and walking while reading, visual fatigue and so on after reading or working closely for a period of time, According to the corresponding symptoms and signs, visual function tests were carried out, such as far and near eye position, accommodative response (BCC), positive relative accommodation (PRA), negative relative accommodation (NRA), near point of convergence (NPC), accommodation amplitude (AMP), etc., The detected visual function data were evaluated according to the normal value of Morgan and Sherad criteria. In daily life, people not only require clear vision, but also pay great attention to the comfort of using eyes, and the convergency insufficiency has become one of the important factors hindering the clarity, persistence and comfort of vision. Making binocular vision system to produce the cognition of regulation, convergence and eye movement through various methods such as optics, psychology and physics, vision therapy improves the application ability of eye vision system, and finally cures visual function problems such as visual fatigue, adjustment and convergence abnormality. We review the incidence, pathogenesis, new progress in the treatment of convergence insufficiency, the mechanism of visual formation and the basic principles of visual training.
Securing an Internet of Things from Distributed Denial of Service and Mirai Botnet Attacks Using a Novel Hybrid Detection and Mitigation Mechanism

Internet of Things (IoT) has become more familiar in all applications and industrial fields such as medical, military, transportation, etc. It has some limitations because of the attack model in the transmission or communication channel. Moreover, one of the deadliest attacks is known as a Distributed Denial of Service Attack (DDoS). The Presence of DDoS in network layer cause huge damage in data transmission channel that ends in data loss or collapse. To address this issue the current research focused on an innovative detection and mitigation of Mirai and DDoS attack in IoT environment. Initially, number of IoT devices is arranged with the help of a novel Hybrid Strawberry and African Buffalo Optimization (HSBABO). Consequently, the types of DDoS attacks are launched in the developed IoT network. Moreover, the presence of strawberry and African Buffalo fitness is utilized to detect and specify the attack types. Subsequently a novel MCELIECE encryption with Cloud Shield scheme is developed to prevent the low and high rate DDoS attack in the Internet of Things. Finally, the proposed model attained 94% of attack detection accuracy, 3% of false negative rate and 5.5% of false positive rate.
Economic Assessment of GM Corn Use in the Philippines

Genetically modified yellow corn has increasingly been used in the Philippines since 2002. In just a period of 17 years, the area planted increased to about 835 thousand hectares, increasing by an average of 31.24% per year. A third of all corn farmers in the Philippines or about 460 thousand families are planting GM corn. Total factor productivity growth in the corn industry of the country was estimated to be 11.45% higher due to GM corn adoption. All household income deciles gained from the technology. Total welfare gain from adopting GM corn as measured by the equivalent variation of income reached $189.4 million or nearly a tenth of a percent of total household income. Not only was the gain positive for all household income deciles, it was also inclusive: lower household income deciles benefit from the GM technology more than richer households.
Occurrence of Neonicotinoid Insecticides in Finished Drinking Water and Fate during Drinking Water Treatment

Neonicotinoid insecticides are widespread in surface waters across the agriculturally intensive Midwestern United States. We report for the first time the presence of three neonicotinoids in finished drinking water and demonstrate their general persistence during conventional water treatment. Periodic tap water grab samples were collected at the University of Iowa over 7 weeks in 2016 (May–July) after maize/soy planting. Clothianidin, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam were ubiquitously detected in finished water samples at concentrations ranging from 0.24 to 57.3 ng/L. Samples collected along the University of Iowa treatment train indicate no apparent removal of clothianidin or imidacloprid, with modest thiamethoxam removal (∼50%). In contrast, the concentrations of all neonicotinoids were substantially lower in the Iowa City treatment facility finished water using granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration. Batch experiments investigated potential losses. Thiamethoxam losses are due to base-catalyzed hydrol.
Preoperative Erythrocyte Aggregation Exponent May Affect Postoperative Risk of Deep Venous Thrombosis in Patients With Primary Knee Osteoarthritis

Background: The factors leading to venous thromboembolism (VTE) have been known for a long time. Previous data has suggested a potential link between erythrocyte aggregation (EA) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Considering a relatively large number of patients who need total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery due to primary knee osteoarthritis (KOA), this study is tried to verify whether preoperative EA may have an effect on postoperative DVT after TKA in these patients.Methods: A total of 750 KOA patients accepted unilateral TKA were enrolled from March 2010 to May 2020. On the third day after surgery, they all accepted the color Doppler ultrasound examination of both legs for deep veins and were subsequently divided into DVT and non-DVT groups. We made a thorough analysis to demonstrate the specific association of EA exponent before TKA and DVT risk after TKA.Results: Low EA exponent was a significant risk factor for DVT in patients with primary KOA (p<0.05), especially in females after stratifying by gender (p<0.05). Conclusions: Our results suggested that low EA before TKA was substantially associated with a high post-surgery DVT risk in primary KOA patients. Timely and effective anticoagulant therapy for such patients was required.
Like My Own Children: A Quantitative Study of Stepparents Claiming Adult Stepchildren

The different dimensions of parenthood—for example, biological relatedness, child-rearing, co-residence—are disconnected in increasingly many families as the result of upward trends in separation and repartnering. By studying stepparents’ claiming (i.e., stepparents perceiving their adult stepchildren as their own), this study provides insight into how people define kinship and adds a new dimension to knowledge about stepfamilies. Using the Ouders en Kinderen in Nederland (OKiN) survey data, this study (a) provides nationally representative estimates of how Dutch stepmothers and -fathers (N = 3,327) perceive their adult stepchildren and (b) shows how the context (i.e., co-residence, duration, timing, marriage) and relations to biological children relate to stepparents’ claiming. The more similar the context is to “traditional” parent–child relations, the more stepparents claim their stepchildren. As opposed to the expectation that relations to one’s own biological children would serve as an important reference, having biological children from either a previous or current relationship has little explanatory power.
SGB Postconditioning Improves Intestinal Barrier Function by Inhibiting Autophagy in Conscious Rats Following Hemorrhagic Shock and Resuscitation

Background Intestinal barrier dysfunction is the critical link of distant organ injury caused by hemorrhagic shock. The role of autophagy in ischemic intestinal injury has been paid more and more attention. Prophylactic treatment of stellate ganglion block (SGB) reduces intestinal barrier dysfunction induced by haemorrhagic shock. This study investigated the role of SGB post-processing on improved bowel barrier function and autophagy-related mechanisms of action after haemorrhagic shock. Methods The model of hemorrhagic shock in conscious rats was established, and the rats were treated with SGB, autophagy inhibitor 3- methyladenine (3-MA) at the time of fluid resuscitation. We detected the survival rate, intestinal loop blood flow, intestinal barrier permeability, intestinal morphology, wet/dry ratio (W/D), the intestinal barrier and autophagy marker proteins. Simultaneously, we also observed the effect of autophagy activator rapamycin (RAPA) on SGB. Results SGB postconditioning significantly prolonged the overall survival and enhanced survival rate of 72 hours in rats after hemorrhagic shock. SGB post-processing and 3-MA administration improved the intestinal morphology and intestinal permeability, increased the intestinal loop blood flow and expression of ZO1, Occludin and Claudin-1, and decreased the intestinal W/D and LC3 and Beclin-1 expressions, expected for increased P62. Meanwhile, RAPA partially inhibited the effect of SGB on above indices in haemorrhagic shock rats. Conclusion SGB postconditioning alleviates the intestinal barrier dysfunction caused by haemorrhagic shock, which is related to the inhibition of excessive autophagy.