Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Echocardiographic features of the morphologically right ventriculo-arterial junction

In the normal heart, the morphologically right ventricle supports the pulmonary trunk. The key to echocardiographic evaluation of the junction between these structures is to understand not only the arrangement of the pulmonary valve, but also the complete muscular infundibulum that supports the valvar leaflets, lifting the valvar complex away from the base of the ventricular mass. As explained in the previous review,1 it is the presence of this free-standing muscular infundibular sleeve that makes it possible for the surgeon to remove the pulmonary valve for use as an allograft in the Ross procedure.2 In this review, we will address the echocardiographic features of the junction, considering primarily the situation in which the morphologically right ventricle supports the pulmonary trunk, but making comparisons with the abnormal arrangements in which either the aorta, or both arterial trunks, arise from the right ventricle. As we will see, the basic arrangement of the free-standing complete muscular infundibulum, or conus, is preserved with these abnormal arrangements, but there can be variation depending on the precise arrangement of the inner heart curvature, or ventriculo-infundibular fold, and the morphology can be further changed depending on the relationship of the arterial trunks themselves. The key to analysis, therefore, and also to accurate description, is to analyse separately the way in which the arterial trunks are joined to the ventricular mass, the relationships of the trunks one to the other, and the precise structure of the supporting right ventricular outflow tract, or outflow tracts in the setting of double outlet connection. If each of these features is then described in its own right, avoiding the temptation to make inferences regarding one feature from knowledge of another, then it is possible to avoid many of the persisting controversies relating to nomenclature.
Perioperative management of the obese patient.

Obesity is a metabolic disease in which adipose tissue comprises a greater proportion of body tissue than normal. It affects up to 33 % of the population in North America [11, 112]. Almost 5% weigh more than double their ideal body weight as predicted by age, sex and height. The precursors to obesity are multifactorial and include a genetic tendency, environmental effects, education, sex, race and socio-economical status [83]. Most of die major obesity-related health risks increase disproportionately with increasing weight. The rate of premature death is increased in patients 30% overweight and doubles in populations weighing 40-60 % more than ideal body weight [29,47,73]. The incidence of sudden unexplained death is at least 13 times greater in morbidly obese women compared with non-obese ones [73]. In men participating in the Framingham study, being overweight was found to be associated with a mortality rate of up to 3.9 times greater than the normal-weight group. An increased rate of chronic diseases, many life threatening, has been found in prospective studies of obese patients [46, 118]. These include peripheral vascular disease, cardiorespiratory derangements, liver disease, diabetes mellitus, polycythaemia, hyperlipoproteinaemia, diaphragmatic hiatus hernia and malignancies [22,26,42,46,68,73,112,115]. Nevertheless,weight reduction immediately before surgery has not been shown to reduce perioperative morbidity or mortality, even though it may reverse some of the pathophysiological changes in the obese patient [5-7, 67, 102, 104]. In this review we discuss the pathophysiological changes in the obese patient and their effects in the periods before, during and after operation. The anaesthetist managing an obese patient should be familiar with the special difficulties expected, and plan management accordingly [26, 29].
Web image re-ranking by utilizing text and visual features

Images are the increases day by day on the Internet. Retrieving relevant images from a large collection of database has become an important research topic. This paper focus on the reranking of images by utilizing the both the visual and textual features.So given a textual query in traditional image retrieval, relevant images are to be re-ranked using visual features after the initial text-based search. Here first query keywords are utilize for separating the dataset images into two group of relevant image and irrelevant image then all the images are ranked base on the image different modality of image features as the similar images need to be display closer. Using single modality is not effective as different image need different kind of feature for analysis and it was obtained in experimental that the proposed re-ranking approach has better performances than using single modality.
Cytogenetic studies at diagnosis in polycythemia vera: clinical and JAK2V617F allele burden correlates

The prognostic significance of cytogenetic findings at diagnosis in polycythemia vera (PV) was investigated in a retrospective series of 137 patients. Cytogenetics were normal in 117 patients (85%) and displayed a −Y abnormality in five patients (7% of male patients), and other chromosomal abnormalities in 15 patients (11%). The most frequent cytogenetic anomalies were trisomy 8 (n = 4), trisomy 9 (n = 2), deletion 20q (n = 2) and chromosomal 1 abnormalities (n = 2). Parameters that were significantly associated with abnormal cytogenetics included age ≥60 yr (P = 0.02), but not JAK2V617F allele burden, thrombosis, hemorrhage, leukemic/fibrotic transformation, or survival. We conclude that cytogenetic anomalies occur infrequently at PV diagnosis and do not confer an adverse outcome.
Early weaning and postweaning nutritional management affect feedlot performance of angus x simmental heifers and the relationship of 12th rib fat and marbling score to feed efficiency.

Early-weaned Angus x Simmental heifers were used to evaluate the effects of postweaning nutritional management on feedlot performance, carcass merit, and the relationship of intramuscular and subcutaneous fat deposition to the feed efficiency among heifers fed for a high-quality market. Sixteen heifers were weaned at 73+/-5.5 d of age and grazed on endophyte-infected tall fescue for 18 mo before entering the feedlot (early-weaned-P). Eighty heifers from the following year's calf crop were weaned at 71+/-5.5 d of age and allowed either ad libitum access to a 25% concentrate diet (early-weaned-25C) or limit-fed a 90% concentrate diet (early-weaned-90C) to achieve a similar ADG. Following a 119-d growing period, 16 early-weaned-90C and 16 early-weaned-25C calves were paired based on BW and growth rate and individually fed during the finishing period along with the early-weaned-P heifers. Ultrasound measurements of s.c. and i.m. fat were recorded at approximately 60-d intervals throughout the finishing period. Feed efficiency was regressed against s.c. and i.m. fat, and i.m. fat was regressed on s.c. fat. Despite a similar ADG, early-weaned-90C calves gained more efficiently (P < or = 0.05) in the feedlot than early-weaned-25C calves. Heifers finished as yearlings tended (P < or = 0.10) to gain faster but gained less efficiently (P < or = 0.01) than early-weaned-90C heifers finished as calves. The rate of s.c. and i.m. fat deposition was similar between early-weaned-90C and early-weaned-25C heifer calves. The calves were grouped together for comparison to yearlings. Feed efficiency decreased quadratically (P < or = 0.01) as s.c. fat cover increased. The rate at which feed efficiency decreased relative to increasing s.c. fat cover was similar regardless of age at feedlot entry. However, heifers finished as calves gained more efficiently (P < or = 0.01) than yearlings at any given fat thickness. Feed efficiency decreased linearly (P < or = 0.01) as i.m. fat increased among heifers finished as calves. Additionally, heifers finished as calves deposited i.m. fat at a faster rate relative to s.c. fat (P < or = 0.01) than yearlings. These data suggest that heifers finished as calves produce high-quality carcasses with less s.c. fat cover while gaining more efficiently than heifers finished as yearlings.
British running performances in the eighteenth century

Our aims were to improve our understanding of human performance before 1850 and to put nineteenth- and twentieth-century performances into a broader historical context. Consequently, 536 foot-races performed in Britain in the 'long' eighteenth century were identified, 53 of which were analysed in detail. The best performances at the end of the eighteenth century were compared with those at the end of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The data for the nineteenth century were marginally better than those for the eighteenth century up to 20 km, but beyond that Thomas Carlisle's time, set in about 1740, of 2 hours for 21 miles was outstanding. Current records are shown to be better than earlier records at all distances from 5 km up to the marathon, the superiority being most pronounced from 15 km upwards.
Solution of DC Railway Traction Power Flow Systems Including Limited Network Receptivity

The voltage solution of DC railway traction power networks is classically obtained via the current injection (CI) method, which is based on solving a sequence of nodal voltage equations. Specialized techniques, which build on the CI method, have been proposed for simulating limited network receptivity due to voltage rise constraints and nonreversible substations. These techniques may require a multitude of power reduction steps for modeling the local controller operation of trains in regenerative braking mode, and they consequently lead to a large computational effort. This paper proposes a sensitivity-based approach for computing the regenerative train power that can be returned to the network without causing over voltage. In the case of nonreceptive substations, each regenerating train is switched to a voltage–current source model and the CI method is used to further adjust the power that can be received by the network; a two-phase approach is used to compute the regenerative train resistance without recourse to iterations. The proposed method is tested on network models with branched lines, detailed return circuits, and having up to 144 trains. The computational performance comparisons show that the proposed method for simulating local controllers can be significantly faster than the classical power reduction method.
[Brain natriuretic peptide and QRS duration as a predictor for cardiac events in patients with heart failure].

OBJECTIVES Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and QRS duration have been reported as independent predictors for cardiac events in patients with heart failure. The present study investigated the relationships between BNP and QRS duration to assess the prognostic value in patients with heart failure. METHODS We prospectively examined 93 patients presenting to our emergency department with heart failure between April 2000 and April 2003 (age 69 +/- 13 years, 53 males, 40 females). BNP level and QRS duration were measured after treatment for heart failure. The efficacy end point was the composite incidence of sudden death, death for progressive heart failure, or readmission for worsening heart failure. RESULTS During the mean follow-up period of 720 +/- 470 days, cardiac events occurred in 35 patients (sudden death in 6, death for progressive heart failure in 9, and readmission for worsening heart failure in 20). BNP level was almost equally higher in the three groups with cardiac events (mean +/- SEM; sudden death: 348 +/- 128 pg/ml, death for progressive heart failure: 390 +/- 97 pg/ml, readmission for worsening heart failure: 354 +/- 79 pg/ml) than in patients without cardiac events (213 +/- 34 pg/ml). In contrast, QRS duration was exclusively prolonged in patients with sudden death(mean +/- SEM, 125 +/- 10 msec) compared with the remaining three groups (death for progressive heart failure: 100 +/- 5 msec, readmission for worsening heart failure: 103 +/- 4 msec, no cardiac events: 108 +/- 3 msec). No relationship was found between BNP level and QRS duration in all patients with heart failure (Spearman r = 0.13, p = 0.22). CONCLUSIONS Increased BNP level was associated with poor prognosis irrespective of mode of cardiac events, and prolonged QRS duration was related to sudden death in our cohort with heart failure. The combination of BNP level and QRS duration may have adjunctive value in predicting the prognosis in patients with heart failure.
3D MPRAGE Evaluation of the Internal Auditory Canals

A heavily T1-weighted three-dimensional (3D) gradient echo sequence utilizing a 180° inversion pulse has become available for clinical use, called magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo (MPRAGE). With the appropriate choice of repetition time, echo time, flip angle, and inversion time (T1), T1-weighted imaging can be performed with excellent anatomic detail and a good signal-to-noise ratio. We performed an initial evaluation of this sequence for detection of abnormalities of the internal auditory canals compared with conventional spin echo (SE) imaging. Fifteen men and 15 women were evaluated. Diagnoses included normal (n = 15 patients), acoustic neuromas (n = 7 tumors in 4 patients), cerebellopontine angle meningiomas (n = 3), postoperative for acoustic neuroma without residual tumor (n = 2), postoperative with evidence of residual tumor (n = 3), glomus jugulare (n = 1), Bell palsy (n = 1), and vestibular enhancement of probable viral etiology (n = 1). The 3D MPRAGE study consisted of 128 coronal partitions, (10/4/1), 10° flip angle, 130 ± 256 matrix, 2 mm slice thickness, TI time of 350 ms, 1 s recovery time, and 5.43 min examination time. All enhancing lesions identified on the conventional SE T1-weighted imaging were also identified on the MPRAGE imaging. No diagnostic difference existed between the MPRAGE and conventional SE sequences when pathology was present, but the MPRAGE sequence did have poorer resolution in the axial reformats related to the 130 256 in-plane matrix. While not currently able to replace conventional two-dimensional SE imaging, 3D MPRAGE may provide a valuable adjunct to the routine imaging protocol. This technique could replace the coronal T1− weighted SE sequence and provide excellent gray-white differentiation and many contiguous thin sections without a great increase in overall examination time.
The Impact of Disclosure of Intimate Partner Violence on Friends

Intimate partner violence (IPV) affects people connected to survivors as well as survivors themselves. Despite this, we do not have measures assessing IPV’s impact on others. The Impact on Friends measure was developed to understand the impact of disclosure of sexual assault (SA) on friends of survivors. In the present study, the Impact on Friends measure was modified to apply to IPV and administered to two separate online samples. Exploratory factor analysis in one sample (U.S.-based participants) revealed a very similar factor structure to the original Impact on Friends measure, consisting of Emotional Distress, Validation, and Confusion. This factor solution was then applied to the next sample (mostly Indian participants), resulting in an adequate model fit. The Impact on Friends-IPV measure has adequate reliability. One of its factors, Emotional Distress, is related to increased depression and post-traumatic distress disorder symptoms of friends, but only in the U.S. sample. These findings suggest that even though the same dimensions have been found in both a U.S. and an Indian sample, how disclosure of IPV on friends relates to psychological symptoms may differ. This study suggest that there is at least some overlap in the experiences of friends of IPV and SA survivors, but that certain dimensions of the measure may have different relationships to other phenomena in different cultures.
High resolution platinum‐carbon replication of freeze‐dried basement membrane

High angle platinum/carbon (Pt/C) replication has proved to be a valuable tool in analyzing basement membrane structure in human amnion, bovine lens capsule, and the Engelbreth‐Holm‐Swarm (EHS) tumor. High resolution replicas for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been achieved by depositing 1.0 ± 0.1 nm thick Pt/C films backed with rotary deposited 12.5 ± 2.5 nm thick carbon films. The basement membrane collagen IV network was observed to consist of fine branching filaments containing globular domains intrinsic to the filaments. A second quasi‐regular network is formed by laminin. Unidirectional 45° angle Pt/C replication was used for most of this work. The merits and deficiencies of unidirectional vertical replication (80° angle), unidirectional 45° angle, and 20° low angle rotary replication are discussed. Vertical replication produces the highest resolution replicas and has the potential for revealing the overall pattern of basement membrane structural assembly if basement membrane preparations freeze‐dried in low salt can faithfully maintain their in vivo structure. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Black-Hole Node Attack in MANET

The black hole problem is one of the security attacks that occur in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). We present two possible solutions. The first is to find more than one route to the destination. The second is to exploit the packet sequence number included in any packet header. Computer simulation shows that in comparison to the original ad hoc on demand distance vector (AODV) routing scheme, the second solution can verify 75% to 98% of the route to the destination depending on the pause time at a minimum cost of the delay in the networks. The main objective of this paper is to analyze black hole attack in MANET and its solutions.
Rapid Local Specific Absorption Rate Estimation for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The local specific absorption rate (SAR) is a critical concern of the safety in high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In order to provide rapid and subject-specific local SAR evaluation, a hybrid numerical technique that combines fast direct method of moments (MoM) and the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method was developed. Its validity was demonstrated by comparing with conventional numerical methods and experimental results. An example with a real human head model was further provided to demonstrate its utility.
Depression in general practice -- consultation duration and problem solving therapy.

BACKGROUND General practitioners have expressed concern that consultations offering psychological therapy approaches will take up too much time. However, problem solving therapy (PST) for depression may be able to be used within the time constraints of general practice. This study investigates whether GPs' concerns that PST would result in unacceptably long consultations are justified. METHOD general practitioners were observed providing PST in simulated consultations before and after PST training - PST skill and duration of consultations were measured. RESULTS Twenty-four GPs participated. Problem solving therapy skill increased markedly, but mean consultation duration changed minimally: 17.3 minutes and 17.9 minutes. DISCUSSION This research suggests that GPs can provide an evidence supported psychological treatment for depression within the time constraints of routine practice. The structured nature of PST may allow GPs to provide additional mental healthcare for depression, without significantly increasing consultation duration. It suggests GPs' concerns about the time PST may take up in practice may be unjustified and that further research into the use of PST in routine general practice should be undertaken.
Microbial attachment and feed digestion in the rumen.

Direct microscopic examination of the rumen and its contents shows microbial populations largely attached to feed particles in the digesta. Most feeds contain a surface layer that is resistant to attachment and therefore to digestion. Infiltration of these recalcitrant epidermal layers through damage sites or through focused enzymatic attack is essential for initiation of the digestive process. Proliferation of primary colonizing cells produces glycocalyx-enclosed microcolonies. Secondary colonizers from the ruminal fluid associate with microcolonies, resulting in the formation of multispecies microbial biofilms. These metabolically related organisms associate with their preferred substrates and produce the myriad of enzymes necessary for the digestion of chemically and structurally complex plant tissues. Upon accessing the internal, enzyme-susceptible tissues, microbial "digestive consortia" attach to a variety of nutrients, including protein, cellulose, and starch and digest insoluble feed materials from the inside out. Substances that prevent microbial attachment or promote detachment (e.g., condensed tannins, methylcellulose) can completely inhibit cellulose digestion. As the microbial consortium matures and adapts to a particular type of feed, it becomes inherently stable and its participant microorganisms are notoriously difficult to manipulate due to the impenetrable nature of biofilms. Properties of feed that place constraints on microbial attachment and biofilm formation can have a profound effect on both the rate and extent of feed digestion in the rumen. Developments in feed processing (i.e., chemical and physical), plant breeding, and genetic engineering (both of ruminal microorganisms and plants) that overcome these constraints through the promotion of microbial attachment and biofilm formation could substantially benefit ruminant production.
Portuguese Version of the Arousal Predisposition Scale: Preliminary Evidence for a Two-Factor Structure in a Nonclinical Sample

It is known that there is significant variability in arousal levels of the individuals. The Arousal Predisposition Scale (APS) is a questionnaire intended to measure individual differences in arousability. In the current work, our aim was to present the initial psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the APS. Three hundred forty-five undergraduate medical students from both genders were enrolled. All participants filled out a set of questionnaires—which contained the APS—at the end of their lectures and out of the evaluation period. The APS showed good internal consistency (α = .85) and discriminated individuals with extreme scores. Further, in general, the scale discriminated as well both genders pertaining to the individual items and total score. In terms of scale structure, two related factors were extracted (F1 = emotional reactivity and F2 = trait anxiety). Significant associations among APS and other sleep and psychological self-report variables were also observed. The APS seems to be a reliable and valid instrument to assess self-reported physiological arousability, at least in a sample of young adults. The two-factor composition will require more studies to be replicated in similar groups and, particularly, in clinical samples.