Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of hypohydration in adolescents during the school day in Cyprus: seasonal variations.

Background Evidence on the hydration status of adolescents and seasonal and time variations is scarce. Aims This study aimed to assess variations in the hydration status and total water intake of adolescents in Cyprus between winter and summer and between the morning and end of the school day. Subjective feelings and cognitive function associated with hypohydration were also examined. Methods Fifty-three adolescents (39 boys) with a mean age (standard deviation, SD) of 15.1 (1.9) years were included in the study. Participants provided urine samples and completed a cognitive function test and a questionnaire on subjective feelings upon arrival at school and at the end of the school day. Data were collected in winter and summer in 2016-2017. Hydration level was determined by urine specific gravity and cognitive function was assessed with a symbol cancellation test. Total water intake was estimated from a food and fluid record kept by the participants. Results A high prevalence of hypohydration was found in both seasons ranging from 72% to 94%. Hypohydration was associated with perceptions of lower concentration and alertness (P = 0.008 and P = 0.047, respectively). Adolescents had significantly higher mean urine specific gravity in winter than in summer: 1.026 (SD 0.007) versus 1.023 (SD 0.007), respectively (P = 0.002). Hydration status was not associated with cognitive function or total water intake. Conclusions The high prevalence of hypohydration and the associated feelings of lower concentration and alertness in adolescents suggests that educational measures are needed to promote good drinking behaviour and improve hydration.
Surgery in the Obese Patient-A Need for a Different Perspective

Morbid Obesity is a worldwide epidemic and is believed to become the largest public health burden of the 21st century. Obesity not only alters the surgical technique, but also the disease process itself. The question is how, if at all, does this change our handling of medical and surgical management of patients who suffer from obesity?
Recent Advances in Burns Critical Care

The critical care management of burned patients has evolved over last 2 decades and like other critical diseases, burned patients have a fortunate outcome. The time has come when modern burn care should be institutionalized in all tertiary care centres dealing with burns. We reviewed over 76 articles on burns intensive care and proposed some conclusive guidelines that may help a lot of burn care doctors. The important aspects of burn intensive care are fluid management, early recognition of sepsis, maintenance of organ perfusion and early intubation in those with inhalation injuries.
Prior-driven cluster allocation in bayesian mixture models

There is a very rich literature proposing Bayesian approaches for clustering starting with a prior probability distribution on partitions. Most approaches assume exchangeability, leading to simple representations of such prior in terms of an Exchangeable Partition Probability Function (EPPF). Gibbs-type priors encompass a broad class of such cases, including Dirichlet and Pitman-Yor processes. Even though there have been some proposals to relax the exchangeability assumption, allowing covariate-dependence and partial exchangeability, limited consideration has been given on how to include concrete prior knowledge on the partition. Our motivation is drawn from an epidemiological application, in which we wish to cluster birth defects into groups and we have a prior knowledge of an initial clustering provided by experts. The underlying assumption is that birth defects in the same group may have similar coefficients in logistic regression analysis relating different exposures to risk of developing the defect. As a general approach for including such prior knowledge, we propose a Centered Partition (CP) process that modifies a base EPPF to favor partitions in a convenient distance neighborhood of the initial clustering. This thesis focus on providing characterization of such new class, along with properties and general algorithms for posterior computation. We illustrate the methodology through simulation examples and an application to the motivating epidemiology study of birth defects.
Models of innovation development in small and median-sized enterprises of the aeronautical sector in Brazil and in Canada

1/15 Resumo: O presente trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa cujo objetivo foi gerar conhecimentos mais detalhados sobre como ocorre o processo de desenvolvimento da inovação em pequenas e médias empresas (PME) do setor aeronáutico. Utilizam-se como base conceitual cinco modelos de inovação tecnológica oferecidos pela literatura: linear, linear reverso, coupling, de interações em cadeia e sistêmico. Os dados foram coletados em duas empresas brasileiras, subcontratadas de uma grande empresa brasileira do mesmo setor, e duas empresas canadenses, também subcontratadas de uma empresa de grande porte do setor, mas do Canadá. A abordagem metodológica utilizada foi a do estudo qualitativo de casos múltiplos. Os dados foram coletados com entrevistas semiestruturadas em profundidade e analisados com auxílio do software Atlas-ti em análises qualitativas dos tipos intracaso e intercaso. Elas focaram a comparação dos dados na busca de similaridades e diferenças reveladoras dos resultados válidos para o conjunto dos casos. Tais resultados são sintetizados em um modelo integrador explicativo do processo de inovação dos casos. O modelo compõe-se de cinco fases que consideram as necessidades dos clientes e a colaboração de fontes de informação vinculadas a universidades e a outras empresas da cadeia produtiva do setor aeronáutico. Palavras-chave: Inovação; Tecnologia; Modelo; Pequenas e Médias Empresas (PME); Setor aeronáutico. Abstract: This paper presents the results of an investigation that aimed to generate detailed knowledge on the process of innovation development in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) of the aeronautical sector. As a theoretical foundation, five models of technological innovation were took: linear, reverse linear, coupling, interaction chain and systemic. Data were collected in two large Brazilian enterprises subcontracted by a larger Brazilian enterprise of the same sector, and two Canadian enterprises also subcontracted of a larger Canadian enterprise. The methodological approach was qualitative research of multiple cases. Data collected by semi-structured interviews were analyzed with Atlas-ti software in quantitative analysis of within case and cross case that focused the comparison of data in the search for similarities and differences which reveal valid results for the set of cases. These results are synthetized in an integrator model of the innovation that explains the process of the cases. This model has five phases that consider the client ́s needs and the cooperation of sources of information associated to universities and other enterprises of the productive chain of the aeronautical sector.
INTEGRATION OF JAPANESE AND UNITED STATES SABLEFISH MARKETS

As United States sablefish production becomes more tightly interwoven with Japanese markets, the U.S. sablefish fleet could become more vulnerable to changes in Japanese market conditions and government policies, and U.S. policies would have to be formulated with an eye on Japanese conditions. If U.S. ex vessel and Japanese markets are integrated by prices. then price information transmitted from the Japanese market affects the behavior of the U.S. markets. while in turn. if the markets are not price integrated. U.S. marketbehavior is independent ofprice movements in Japan. To assess this likely market integration. this paper examines the price integration of the Pacific coast and Alaska's fixed gear ex vessel markets and the Tokyo central wholesale market over 1981-1986. The Pacific coast market is found to be segmented from the Tokyo marketwhile a form ofprice integration exists between the Tok"yo and Alaska markets. The paper concludes with a number of implications for policies in both the United States and Japan.
Quantifying the Temperature Effects on China’s Total Agricultural Output

We pair a county-level panel of annual agricultural production with daily weather outcomes to measure the effects of temperature fluctuations on total agricultural output value of farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fishing in China. We find four main results: (i) the total agricultural output decreases with higher spring, summer and winter temperatures and increases with higher fall temperatures; (ii) temperature affects agricultural output mainly through its impact on agricultural total factor productivity; (iii) higher temperatures increase the use of several agricultural inputs, including fertilizer, machinery, total planted acres and total irrigated acres; and (iv) we project that China’s aggregate agricultural output will fall annually by 6.5-17.4% during the mid-21st century under the warming scenarios considered by the global climate model UKMO-HadCM3, equivalent to a monetary loss of CNY 147.6395. 0 billion in 2008 values.
Protecting the Reproductive Value of Swordfish , Xiphias gladius , and Other Billfishes DAVIDW

The intrinsic rate of population growth (r) and the reproductive value of females at given age (v) are estimated for swordfish, Xiphias gladius, and other billfishes to determine how protecting reproductive value affects population sustainability. The procedure used involves the standard demographic equations and standard assumptions regarding densitydependent changes in vital rates from basic deterministic population dynamics. It appears that to ensure population sustainability of swordfish and blue marlin, age at first capture should be high enough to protect the first 1-2 mature age classes, but need not protect the most reproductively valuable, older females. For striped marlin and sailfish, however, the most valuable females may need protection.
RANS AND LES MODELS COMPARISON FOR A CROSS-SHAPED JET FLOW WITH APPLICATION IN PERSONALIZED VENTILATION

The need for thermal comfort and clean air for occupants in buildings or vehicles is vital since we spend more than 90% of our time inside these enclosed environments. Worldwide, current directions of the leading powers are oriented towards the reduction of the energy consumptions and HVAC systems make no exception. Personalized Ventilation (PV) applied to buildings may represent a solution to this problem. The main idea of PV is to provide clean air close to the face of each occupant and to improve thermal comfort in his microenvironment. This study is a part of a larger research work related to the optimization of PV air diffuser for HVAC systems in terms of passive control of jets flows in order to control jet development before it impinges on the occupant’s face. The flow field of an elementary lobed jet from a cross-shaped orifice with straight edges is investigated numerically using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) model and the results are compared with those from seven RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes) turbulence models and with experimental results. The RANS models used are the RNG k-ε turbulence model, k-ε standard, k-ε realizable, the Shear Stress Transport (SST) k-ω, the standard k-ω, the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence models and the Reynolds Stress turbulence Model (RSM). The initial Reynolds number based on the jet centreline exit streamwise velocity and on the equivalent diameter is around 4000. Numerical results are analysed based on PIV measurements performed in the same flow. The objective is to assess the capability and limitations of the studied viscous models to predict the significant features of the cross-shaped air jet by numerical simulation. The study revealed that none of the turbulence models was able to predict well all jet characteristics in the same time. For instance, the Reynolds Stress turbulence Model (RSM) predicted better the local jet flow expansion in the longitudinal minor and major planes, whereas global flow expansion and ambient air induction are better predicted by the Shear Stress Transport (SST) k-ω turbulence model. Furthermore the RANS models are not able to capture the flow’s temporal dynamics. Also, the LES model allows obtaining global mean quantities as RANS models but delivers supplementary information about the temporal vortex dynamics.
Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV) Infection and the Protective Immunity: A Narrative Review

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has been well known for causing the epidemic disease outbreaks mainly streaming into inflammations like the severe joint pains. Re-emergence of chikungunya viruses around the world is one of the most important clinical issues. Like the dengue viruses (DENV), CHIKV can initiate the systemic infection caused by the vector Aedes mosquito bites. Propagation of the viral elements principally appears to cause arthralgia in a similar pattern like DENVor Zika virus (ZIKV) infections. Like DENV infections, the morbidity and mortality rate due to CHIKV infection may be intense especially among the older people. Components of the innate immune system like the type I interferon along with the CHIKV specific immunoglobulins are known to impart enduring immunity to CHIKV while they may also exert the immunopathologic role in the CHIKV pathogenesis. Indeed, the infection with CHIKV triggers the release of an array of cytokines and chemokines which in turn generate anti-viral response. Current review further pointed on the immune strategies exerted by the hosts against the CHIKV elements. Besides, the generation of both the innate immunity and the adaptive immunity at the earlyand late stage of CHIKV infections is discussed together with the presentation of new models.
A comparative study of apical microleakage by using different preparation and obturation techniques

Background: When a tooth is treated endodontically, there are several objectives, which must be met for the root canal therapy to be successful. One of those objectives is the complete obturation of root canal system. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the apical sealing ability of root canals prepared by hand and rotary ProTaper system and obturrated with Thermafil and ProTaper gutta percha points in comparison with conventional cold lateral condensation by using dye penetration method. Materials and Methods: Sixty extracted human single straight canals (premolars) were collected and these teeth were randomly divided into two groups of 30 specimens each. (Group A-rotary ProTaper, Group B-hand ProTaper), and each group were divided into three subgroups of 10 specimens each. (Group A1,B1-Thermafil,Group A2,B2ProTaper gutta percha points, Group A3,B3 cold lateral condensation). Dorifil root canal sealer was employed as the
BREAST CANCER P N STAGING WITH DEEP LEARNING

Accurate and timely detection of metastases, as part of the globally recognized TNM standard, is pivotal for effective disease management and affects the therapeutic strategy along with the patient final outcome. Time constraints and high workload due to histopathologists under-staffing dramatically increases the probability of misdiagnosis in procedures such as the aforementioned one, which are laborious and time consuming. The current manuscript presents a method for the automatic determination of the pN-stage in lymph nodes from breast cancer patients that combines convolutional neural networks along with other machine learning algorithms. One of the contributions of this manuscript is a strategy for decreasing the training set size in a way that maintains its information content. The proposed strategy utilized a subset (18%) of the patches available from Camelyon 16 train set in order to train a CNN, followed by a combination of machine learning classifiers trained on Camelyon 17 train set. The performance of the CNN was evaluated on Camelyon 17 train set and was found to generalize better than the baseline trained on the entire Camelyon 16 train set.
Similarity Based Neuro-Fuzzy System for Rainfall-Runoff Modeling in an Urban Tropical Catchment

Neuro-Fuzzy Systems (NFS) are computational intelligence tools that take advantage of low-level learning ability of neural networks and the high-level reasoning ability of fuzzy systems. Approximate Analogical Reasoning Schema (AARS) is one of the approaches which employs a similarity measure to decide on rule firing for a specific observation and is believed to be capable of adding more flexibility to NFS structure. In this study, an NFS model is developed based on AARS for event-based rainfall-runoff modeling in Sungai Kayu Ara, an urban catchment in Selangor State of Malaysia. The model performance is then compared with ANFIS and ARX models.
Plasma fatty acid profile in dairy cows associated with the inclusion of annatto in their diet

ABASTRACT. The objective of this study was to evaluate the plasma lipid profile and plasma fatty acids of dairy cows receiving diets supplemented with annatto. A total of 32 Holstein cows (550 kg), distributed in a completely randomized design, were allocated to individual stalls and submitted to following treatments: C0 = no annatto; C4 = inclusion of annatto at 4 g kg dry matter (DM) of diet (0.07 g bixin kg diet); C5 = inclusion of annatto at 5 g kg DM of diet (0.09 g bixin kg diet); and C7 = inclusion of annatto at 7 g kg DM of diet (0.12 g bixin kg diet). Blood samples were collected via epigastric vein puncture, centrifuged, and frozen for subsequent analysis. The results indicate that the inclusion (p > 0.05) of annatto does not decrease the total cholesterol or low and high density lipoproteins. However, it impacts the profile of fatty acids, evidenced by the reduction (p < 0.05) in levels of hypercholesterolemic fatty acids viz, myristic acid and palmitic acid. It also causes an increase in the levels of arachidonic acid, rumenic acid, linoleic acid, and total polyunsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, bixin included in the diets of dairy cows induces changes in the plasma fatty acid profile.
Anxiety and depression in the performance of residents in radiology and medical imaging

Poster: "ECR 2011 / C-1273 / Anxiety and depression in the performance of residents in radiology and medical imaging" by: "G. C. C. D. Silva1, E. G. Sousa2, H. A. Koch1, A. A. S. M. D. Santos3; 1Rio de Janeiro, RJ/BR, 2Uberlândia, MG/BR, 3Niteroi - Rio de Janeiro, RJ/BR"
Effects of scleral stiffness on biomechanics of the optic nerve head in glaucoma.

Glaucoma is a common cause of blindness worldwide, yet the etiology of the disease is unclear. A leading hypothesis is that elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) affects the biomechanical environment within the tissues of the optic nerve head (ONH), and that the altered biomechanical environment contributes to optic nerve damage and consequent loss of vision. The biomechanical environment of the ONH is strongly dependent on the biomechanical properties of sclera, particularly scleral stiffness. However there is significant variability in reported stiffness data for human sclera. Therefore, our research goal was to measure the stiffness of human sclera and incorporate this information into finite element models of the human eye to characterize and quantify the biomechanical environment within and around the optic nerve head region at different IOP levels. Human sclera adjacent to the optic nerve head showed highly nonlinear, nearly isotropic and heterogeneous stiffness which was found to be substantially lower than that previously assumed, particularly at lower levels of IOP. The products c*c1 and c*c2, measures of stiffness in the latitudinal and longitudinal directions from the Fung constitutive model, were 2.9 ± 2.0 MPa and 2.8 ± 1.9 MPa, respectively, and were not
Screening and diversity of lipase-producing bacteria in the sediments of Bohai Sea

[Objective] To uncover the diversity of cultivable lipase-producing bacterial isolated from 1656 微生物学通报 Microbiol. China 2017, Vol.44, No.7 Tel: 010-64807511; E-mail: tongbao@im.ac.cn; http://journals.im.ac.cn/wswxtbcn the sediments of Bohai Sea and expand our knowledge on lipase-producing bacteria. Through screening efficient lipase production strains to expanding the marine lipase-producing microorganism resources. [Methods] The lipase-producing bacteria were isolated by using tween-80 plate and tributyrin plate from 8 sediment samples of the Bohai Sea. The diversity of these bacteria was evaluated through phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Using the p-nitrophenol method to detect extracellular lipase activity and select high lipase producing strains. [Results] A total of 51 lipase-producing strains were isolated from 8 sediment samples. The isolates were classified into 8 genera of three phyla including Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes, with Pseudoalteromonas (35.2%), Marinobacter (23.5%) and Sulfitobacter (17.6%) as the dominant. Enzyme activity test showed that all the strains were able to secrete lipase, and a lipase-producing strain Marinobacter sp. 70623 possesses the highest lipase activity of 42.4 U/mL. [Conclusion] The cultivable lipase-producing bacteria isolated from the sediment of Bohai Sea are abundant with Pseudoalteromonas, Marinobacter and Sulfitobacter bacteria as the dominant groups, all the tested strains possess lipase activity, and the highest lipase activity producing strain Marinobacter sp. 70623 was obtained in this study.
Practical energy and cost optimization methods for selecting massing, materials, and technologies

Available energy analysis and optimization methods do not produce fast and accurate enough results to provide guidance to professional design teams making massing and technology decisions. This paper proposes two methods using the reduced-order Energy Performance Calculation (EPC) toolkit with parametric building models and optimizers in Rhinoceros, Grasshopper and MATLAB to provide rapid feedback that gives architects more confidence in their decision between alternatives on energy and cost performance. The first method helps architects to understand and optimize the performance of a set of building massing parameters through an energy demand analysis. The second method seeks to optimize for lowest life cycle cost combinations of material and technology parameters that meet or exceed operational energy efficiency targets. The methods are compared with existing prescriptive methodologies, and tested as part of a professional office building design process to demonstrate how they can quickly and accurately lead an architectural design team to improvements in energy performance and construction cost.
An improved map reduced framework to handle the Distributed Data and their Editions

This paper deals with find the improved map reduced framework to handle the large amount of grouped data. When we are deals with large amount of unorganized data we are end with cluster approach to organize them to serve its clusters. Version Control System (VCS) is the most commonly used approach to find the editions of the data. However before pushing the data into Data Lake, if we used improved map reduce framework easily retrieve the history of the data. A history always used to avoid the future mistakes and helps to improve or predict the upcoming business needs. The experiments performed on different types of data with different delimiters.