Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance of Capsule Endoscopy and Cross-Sectional Techniques in Detecting Small Bowel Lesions in Patients with Crohn’s Disease

Abstract Background Crohn’s disease (CD) can be classified according to endoscopic and cross-sectional imaging characteristics. Information regarding disease extent and phenotype may be provided by advanced endoscopic and imaging techniques. In this study, we compare the ability of capsule endoscopy (CE) and cross-sectional imaging techniques (CST) (MRE/Computer Tomography Enteroscopy [CTE]) in detecting small bowel (SB) lesions. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 102 patients with a diagnosis of CD who underwent both CE and CST. Only patients with at least a 12-month follow-up after CE were included. Results Sensitivity and specificity for the detection of SB lesions were, respectively, 100% and 83.3% for CE, 55.1% and 80% for CTE, and 60% and 82.3% for MRE. CE detected proximal CD lesions in 73% of patients, whereas MRE and CTE detected proximal lesions in 41% and 16% of patients, respectively (P < 0.001). Positive findings on CE led to management changes in all patients, in a median follow-up period of 58.7 months. During the follow-up period, 26.5% of patients underwent surgery. Multivariate analysis revealed that moderate-to-severe disease at CE was independently correlated with surgery (P = 0.03). Conclusions CE has a superior sensitivity for detecting CD lesions in the proximal and medium SB compared with CST. In the terminal ileum, MRE and CTE displayed similar performance to CE.
Chaperones as possible elements of eukaryotic cytoarchitecture

After the discovery of the need for extensive assistance in protein folding in the case of many nascent or damaged proteins, heat shock proteins and other stress-induced proteins have come to be regarded as molecular chaperones; thus their major cellular function is considered to be established. When protein folding is studied in vitro, the experimenter has to use rather diluted conditions to prevent unwanted aggregation. Dilution also helps to make the kinetical analysis easier, and conserves precious research materials. Contrary to these usual experimental conditions, the cellular environment is crowded (Zimmerman and Minton, 1993). Molecular crowding promotes protein aggregation and thus enhances the need for chaperone action. On the other hand, bona fide chaperones are not the only cellular solutions for aggregation-protection. Several "innocent bystanders," such as tubulin (Guha et. al., 1998) or even small molecules (lipids, other amphiphyles, sugars, a class of compounds called as chemical chaperones, Welch and Brown, 1996) may assist folding and prevent aggregation albeit at higher concentrations than the efficient concentration of heat shock, or other stress-induced proteins. Though we have several important lines of evidence, which undoubtedly show the necessity of chaperones in folding of numerous protein kinases, receptors, actin, tubulin, etc. (Hartl, 1996), we do not really know how big is the segment of the life of an ordinary chaperone during which it “chaperones" unfolded or misfolded proteins in eukaryotic cells.
Post-treatment surveillance in colorectal cancer patients: how to do it? A comprehensive review.

Patients who undergo a potentially curative treatment of colorectal cancer are at risk of local recurrences, distant metastases and metachronous neoplasms. Accordingly, these patients typically undergo a multimodal oncological surveillance aimed to detect relapses early, expecting a higher rate of radical re-treatments and better overall survival. Despite much research the optimal diagnostic panel and the intensity of surveillance have not been well established. Evidence indicate, however, that more intensive follow-up is unlikely to improve survival after a curative colorectal cancer surgery, chiefly due to the uncommonness of recurrences suitable for salvage treatment. A typical surveillance recommended by guidelines include regular physical examinations, computed tomography scans, serum carcinoembryonic antigen monitoring, and colonoscopies. The object of this comprehensive review is to discuss different patterns of relapses observed in colorectal cancer patients, present diagnostic options, and summarize different strategies and recommendations of the posttreatment surveillance.
Regulation of Cell Differentiation in Caulobacter crescentus

INTRODUCTION The ability to differentiate is a fundamental function of most, if not all, forms of life. The term differentiation connotes a change in cellular structure or function due to an altered program of gene expression. The onset of a differentiation process may reflect the apparent expression of an internal clock that functions independent of environmental changes. Differentiation may also be initiated by extracellular fluctuations, which include chemical signals sent between cells or abrupt changes in available nutrients. An overriding theme in the expression of cellular differentiation, independent of the mechanism of initiation, is the temporal coordination of large numbers of genes involved in the event. In many instances the simple differentiation event culminates in the formation of subcellular structures such as the F pili in Escherichia coli (Sambucetti et al. 1982), flagella and pili in Caulobacter (Poindexter 1964; Shapiro 1976), and endospores in Bacillus (Losick and Youngman, this volume) or altered morphologies as seen in the formation of slugs in Dictyostelium (MacWilliams and David, this volume), shmoos in yeast (Klar et al., this volume), fruiting bodies in Myxobacterium (Kaiser, this volume), or aerial mycelium in Streptomyces (Chater, this volume). A particularly cogent issue in all of these systems is whether the mechanisms that regulate when to express a given set of gene products contribute to the control of the position of these gene products within the cell or the position of the differentiated cell within the organism. Questions of how cells are able to translate genetic information into spatial.
Common Smut Reduces Sweet Corn Yield and Ear Processing Quality

The impact of natural infection of Ustilago maydis (causal agent of common smut) on processing characteristics of three F1 hybrid sweet corn (Zea mays L.) cultivars was evaluated in a 2-year study with early and late spring planting dates. At harvest maturity, size and location of galls were recorded and quality characteristics measured. Galls on the lower stalk, upper stalk, and tassel reduced fresh weight and diameter of husked ears, whereas galls on the base of the stalk reduced fresh weight only. Ear length was reduced by galls on the upper stalk. As gall size increased from 0 to greater than 10.2 cm in diameter, ear fresh weight and diameter decreased. The presence of galls greater than 10.2 cm in diameter reduced ear length. Kernel depth was unaffected by size or location of gall. Additional ears of the same three cultivars were sampled from commercial fields planted in midseason near Walla Walla and Patterson, WA. Galls locatedon the upperand lower stalk reduced fresh weight, length,and diameter, whereas galls on the base of the stalk reduced fresh weight only. As gall size increased, fresh weight, length, diameter, and kernel depth decreased.
Foraging ecology and coexistence of Asiatic black bears and sun bears in a seasonal tropical forest in Southeast Asia

Abstract Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) and sun bears (Helarctos malayanus) are ecologically similar and coexist extensively across Southeast Asia. We used foraging signs identified to bear species to examine their food selection and dietary overlap relative to food abundance, nutrition, and phenology in 3 habitats in Thailand. We posited, based on ecological theory, that coexistence of these 2 species would be explained through resource partitioning; our data, however, did not support this hypothesis. We conducted 71 sign transects and recorded 730 bear signs, mainly claw marks on trees that bears climbed for food. Both species fed predominantly on fruit; we documented 93 plant species from 42 families that bears consumed. Insects were of secondary importance. Bears of the 2 species selected fruit trees of the same families and genera in each habitat, especially lipid-rich Lauraceae and Fagaceae, tracking fruiting phenology through time. Diet overlap was high, even during periods of diminished fruit availability. We propose a number of mechanisms that may have promoted coexistence of these 2 species. For example, sun bears consumed proportionately more insects than did black bears; insectivory may help sustain the smaller-sized sun bears in the face of competition over fruits with black bears. Also, competition over fruits was reduced by both species cropping a lower proportion of common fruit trees than rarer fruit trees, thereby leaving a potential surplus for the other species. Furthermore, food resources were generally abundant and available year-round: about half the trees in the forest were potential food trees for bears. Bear populations likely were depressed below carrying capacity by previous hunting; as they recover, more competition for resources and greater niche divergence could ensue.
Outsmarting regulation: how tobacco websites and social media targeting young people

This paper aims to describe the content of tobacco company websites and social media then evaluates whether they have complied with the regulation or not. As addictive product cigarette has become one of the most regulated product in the world, including in Indonesia. While almost all countries in the world have a total ban on tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship (TAPS) in all media; Indonesia only limits TAPS, not totally bans it. The methods in this research are observing five websites from the five biggest tobacco companies in Indonesia and their social media, between May-June 2019, focusing on outlook; content; updating frequency; and link to other media. The result shows that the tobacco industry’s websites and social media are a form of indirect tobacco advertising. The five sites practicing brand stretching strategy. The sites and social media are targeting young people by focusing their content on activity, product, lifestyle, and profile of upper and middle-class young people with their typical language. By doing so, the companies normalize their brand into young people’s life. The conclusion of the research shows tobacco industry promotion strategy through new media seems to outsmart the TAPS regulation, whereas, in practice, this promotion is conducting several violations on existing regulation in Indonesia.
Authentic and transformational leadership and innovative work behaviour: the moderating role of psychological empowerment

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the moderating role of psychological empowerment on the relationships between authentic leadership and innovative work behaviour, as well as transformational leadership and innovative work behaviour.Design/methodology/approachWe have applied the mixed-method research on the selected case study. The quantitative field study was conducted on a sample of 126 employees in a multinational technological company. A series of paired sample t-tests were followed by a hierarchical regression analysis to test the hypotheses. The qualitative study consists of a content analysis of in-depth semi-structured interviews with four leaders.FindingsThe research provides further confirmation of the positive relationship between leadership and innovative work behaviour. Specifically, the results showed that psychological empowerment moderates the relationship between leadership (authentic as well as transformational leadership) and innovative work behaviour.Originality/valueThis paper contributed to leadership and innovation literature and provided insights in studying the boundary conditions on the relationship between authentic leadership, as well as transformational leadership, in stimulating innovative work behaviour through the moderating role of psychological empowerment. The added value is expanded by introducing the comparison of the two leadership theories.
Effect of Different Physico-Chemical Parameters on Production ofAmylase by Bacillus Species.

The present study is concerned with the production of amylase by Bacillus species strain. In this study 12 bacterial strains were isolated and screened for their α-amylase activity. These strains were maintained on nutrient agar medium. Fermentation for the production of amylase was carried out in the enzyme production medium (EPM). All the 12 strains were tested for amylase production. On the basis of maximum amylase activity strain no.1 was selected for further studies. Different starch concentrations, 0.75,1.00,1.25%, pH labels 6.5,7.0,7.5,8.0, aeration (RPM), 100,120,140, temperatures 25 0 C,28 0 C,37 0 C, and 40 0 C and inoculums level 0.5%,1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% were studied.
Soil inorganic-N and nitrate leaching on organic farms

SUMMARY On two organic farms, nitrate-N and ammonium-N in the surface layers of the soil of representative fields were recorded for 2 years. Nitrate-N was also determined in different soil layers down to 120 cm at the beginning, middle and end of two winters and at intervals after ploughing three fields, to seek evidence of leaching. Nitrate-N and ammonium-N were both consistently low in the surface layers of fields in ley. Nitrate-N accumulated in arable soils on some occasions when there was little or no crop uptake of N, after ploughing, and after very heavy applications of manure. There was some evidence of nitrate leaching in all five fields which were deep-sampled. In four cases, the loss by leaching appeared to be < 25 kg N/ha per winter. In the other case, in which a 4-year ley was ploughed on 5 October, the loss by leaching appeared to be c. 70 kg N/ha. Ploughing in winter, rather than early autumn, might have reduced the nitrate leached, but the drilling of the next crop might have been delayed. The nitrate concentration of water draining from recently ploughed sandy soil in Shropshire was high, but it would have been diluted by water draining from unploughed fields.
Escherichia coli enteropatógena en crías de primate Aotus (Aotidae) con diarrea en cautiverio

Diarrhea is the most common sign of gastrointestinal disease in young primates kept in captivity. The study aimed to isolate and identify bacterial species present in young Aotus with diarrhoea. The animals were reared in captivity for experimental purposes. Faecal samples were collected using rectal swabs from 78 monkeys of 1 to 7 months old of A. nancymae (n=65) and A. vociferans (n=13) with diarrhoea, and 29 apparently healthy monkeys of 1 month old of A. nancymae (n=21) and A. vociferans (n=8) in the period 2002 to 2005. In the healthy group was most commonly identified E. coli, followed by Proteus vulgaris, P. mirabilis and Citrobacter freundii. A similar result was obtained in the group with diarrhea, plus Klebsiella oxytoca and Enterobacter aerogenes. Serotypes of enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) identified in the group with diarrhea were seven: O158, O142, O86, O125, O126, O55, and O111. The results showed that young alpacas with diarrhea have bacteria corresponding to the normal intestinal flora, and the primary isolated bacterium was E. coli.
Potato Late Blight Detection at the Leaf and Canopy Level Using Hyperspectral Data

Abstract This study aims to assess which spectral variables and at which time late blight can be detected over potato crops. Two experiments were done in a walk-in chamber under controlled environments. To determine the time, the reflectance spectra were plotted as a function of the day post inoculation (DPI), then a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied and the Jeffries–Matusita distance was computed between healthy and infected leaf or canopy spectra. A spectral ratio between infected and healthy cases was used to determine the best wavelengths. Additionally, the spectra were used to compute reflectances and associated vegetation indices for the five bands of the Micasense® RedEdge camera and a Partial Least Square-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) was applied to the reflectance spectra to assess how well the infected leaves or plants can be separated from the healthy ones. The leaf level spectra gives a better separability. A good separability is achieved at 2 and 5 DPI at the leaf and canopy levels, respectively. The best bands are the blue, green, red, and red-edge. The best vegetation indices are SR, Clgreen, RI, TCARI, TCARI/OSAVI-2, ClRed-Edge, and Red-Edge NDVI. The maximum overall accuracy for the PLS-DA is observed at 4 DPI (91.11%) and at 5 DPI (85.93%) at the leaf and canopy level, respectively.
Membrane cell disruption of Candida albicans by Masoyi bark essential oil

Essential oils distilled from the bark of Massoia aromatica Becc. (Masoyi) has been known from our previous research as a potential towards both and states. This study aims to determine essential oil’s mechanism of action towards Candida ATCC 10231. Observation of the mechanism towards C. was performed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) following the essential oil application in sub-minimum inhibition concentration, in comparison to untreated cells as the control. Considering that both and of C. were influenced, the effect on production was also observed using thin layer chromatography of the microbial . Following SEM and TEM results, the effect on membrane permeability seems to play a role in the activity. To support the result, an experiment using influx Propidium Iodide Test was performed. TLC and GC-MS analysis showed that C-10 is a major constituent of oil. Observation of C. cells by using SEM showed cell shrinkage, which may be due to disruption in membrane cell permeability. TEM confirmed the membrane cell disruption, which causes cytoplasmic leakage. The result of the iodide influx test confirmed the damage to membrane permeability. The decrease in production was observed, which may play a role in the activity of the essential oil.
Structural plasticity of Synaptic Connectivity in the Adult Central Nervous System

This protocol details a method to establish organotypic slice cultures from mouse hippocampus, which can be maintained for several months. The cultures are based on the interface method, which does not require special equipment, is easy to execute and yields slice cultures that can be imaged repeatedly – from when they are isolated at postnatal day 6–9, and up to 6 months in vitro. The preserved tissue architecture facilitates the analysis of defined hippocampal synapses, cells and entire projections. Monitoring of defined cellular and molecular components in the slices can be achieved by preparing slices from transgenic mice or by introducing transgenes through transfection or viral vectors. This protocol can be completed in 3 h. INTRODUCTION Recent advances in gene delivery and live imaging technology have had a marked impact on the range of experimental tools that are available to life scientists (Conchello et al. 2005 and Yuste 2005). For research in neuroscience, these developments have meant that studying the structure and function of biologically relevant neuronal circuits can now be approached in a non-invasive way and with unprecedented analytical power. To fully exploit these technological developments, adequate biological preparations to investigate neuronal circuits have to be established in parallel. Fortunately, preparations that were developed by physiologists more than a decade ago (Gahwiler 1981, Stoppini et al. 1991 and Gahwiler et al. 1997) could be readily adapted for live imaging studies of defined neuronal circuits (DePaola et al. 2003 and Galimberti et al. 2006). Advantages of the method Key features of the hippocampal organotypic slice cultures (Stoppini et al. 1991) include: well-defined cellular architecture of the hippocampal circuit, which preserves the organization in vivo, and allows the identification and manipulation of defined neurons and synapses (Gahwiler 1981, Stoppini et al. 1991, Gahwiler et al. 1997, DePaola et al. 2003 and Galimberti et al. 2006); presence of axonal projections (mossy fiber axons extending from dentate gyrus granule cells to the distal end of CA3), which can largely be recovered in the slices in their original state (that is, without lesioning) and which establish stereotype numbers of readily identifiable presynaptic terminals onto excitatory
Can Interparty Contact Reduce Affective Polarization? A Systematic Test of Different Forms of Intergroup Contact

ABSTRACT We advance interparty contact as a remedy to affective polarization and examine the processes through which interparty contact attenuates the hostility between Democrats and Republicans. We present results from three studies: (1) a survey examining the association between outparty friendships and affective polarization (cross-validated with a representative data from Pew Research Center), and two experiments, testing the effects of (2) vicarious and (3) imagined contact on affective polarization. We find that interparty contact attenuates outparty hostility primarily indirectly, through perceived commonality between the self and the outgroup, and not through the common mediators of contact, anxiety and empathy. We also show that cooperative interparty interactions – whether imagined or vicarious – have limited advantage over simple positive contact (studies 2 and 3), that negative interparty contact exacerbates outgroup hostility by enhancing anxiety and reducing empathy (study 2), and that interactions with one’s political in group are not necessarily polarizing (study 3). These results underscore the differences between partisanship and other social group identities, and have important theoretical implications for the intergroup contact literature.
Effect of Peroxidase on Textural Quality of Dough and Arabinoxylan Characteristics Isolated from Whole Wheat Flour Dough

Effect of peroxidase on arabinoxylans (pentosans) isolated from whole wheat flour and instrumental textural parameters of whole wheat flour dough were studied. Significant increase in dough hardness and decrease in adhesiveness was observed on treatment of dough with peroxidase. Arabinoxylans isolated from peroxidase treated dough had higher molecular weight, viscosity, arabinose to xylose ratio, ferulic acid, and protein contents as compared to that of untreated dough. Arabinoxylans isolated from treated dough had higher absorption at 280 and 320 nm indicating the association of proteins and ferulic acid with arabinoxylans. Thus, the treatment of dough with peroxidase may catalyze the formation of cross-linking between arabinoxylans as well as protein-arabinoxylan that could be responsible for the alteration of the whole wheat flour dough characteristics.
The predictive value of positive and suspicious urine cytology: Are they different?

Urine cytology evaluation is an effective test in the detection of high‐grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC). While the guideline distinguishes the 2 categories: “positive for HGUC” (PHGUC) and “suspicious for HGUC” (SHGUC), the association between these categories with their subsequent follow‐up biopsies remains unclear. This study aims to determine and compare the positive predictive value (PPV) of the specimens in PHGUC and SHGUC categories with their respective histologic diagnoses.