Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nā Kilo ʻĀina: Visions of Biocultural Restoration through Indigenous Relationships between People and Place

Within the realm of multifaceted biocultural approaches to restoring resource abundance, it is increasingly clear that resource-management strategies must account for equitable outcomes rooted in an understanding that biological and social-ecological systems are one. Here, we present a case study of the Nā Kilo ʻĀina Program (NKA)—one approach to confront today’s complex social, cultural, and biological management challenges through the lens of biocultural monitoring, community engagement, and capacity building. Through a series of initiatives, including Huli ʻIa, Pilinakai, Annual Nohona Camps, and Kūkaʻi Laulaha International Exchange Program, NKA aims to empower communities to strengthen reciprocal pilina (relationships) between people and place, and to better understand the realistic social, cultural, and ecological needs to support ʻāina momona, a state of thriving, abundant and productive people and places. After 10 years of implementation, NKA has established partnerships with communities, state/federal agencies, and local schools across the Hawaiian Islands to address broader social and cultural behavior changes needed to improve resource management. Ultimately, NKA creates a platform to innovate local management strategies and provides key contributions to guiding broader indigenous-driven approaches to conservation that restore and support resilient social-ecological systems.
β-Carotene-Induced Changes in RARβ Isoform mRNA Expression Patterns Do Not Influence Lung Adenoma Multiplicity in the NNK-Initiated A/J Mouse Model

Abstract: A number of epidemiological studies have reported associations of β-carotene plasma levels or intake with decreased lung cancer risk. However, intervention studies in smokers reported increased lung tumor rates after high long-term β-carotene supplementation. For insight into these conflicting results, we studied the influence of β-carotene on tobacco smoke carcinogen-induced lung cancer development in the A/J-mouse using 4-(N-Methyl-N-nitro samino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) as the initiator and lung adenoma multiplicity as the functional endpoint. Gene regulation of the putative tumor suppressor RARβ in mouse lung was analyzed by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for its relevance in predicting the endpoint of lung cancer. A/J-mice achieved plasma β-carotene levels of up to 3 μmol/L within 4 wk and up to 6 μmol/L after 6 mo of supplementation on a diet modified to enhance β-carotene absorption. Despite high lung β-carotene concentrations of up to 6 μmol/kg, tumor multiplicity was not significantly affected by the β-carotene treatment, either in carcinogen-initiated or non-initiated mice, and was unrelated to β-carotene dose and the time point of treatment during cancer formation. Tumor multiplicity did not correlate with β-carotene plasma levels in NNK-treated animals. All RARβ isoforms were significantly suppressed in the lungs of NNK- and NNK plus high dose β-carotene-treated animals. However, the number of tumors per mouse did not correlate with the RARβ-isoform expression levels. β-carotene alone after 3 mo of supplementation mildly but significantly increased levels of RARβ1, β2, and β4. This increase persisted for 6 mo for RARβ2 and β4. In summary, we found no effect of β-carotene on tumor formation in the NNK-initiated A/J-mouse lung cancer model with respect to dose or time point of treatment. β-Carotene-induced changes in RARβ isoform gene expression levels were not predictive for the number of lung tumors but were indicative of intact β-carotene metabolism and persistent sensitivity to retinoic acid in the mice. Down-regulation of RARβ in NNK-induced adenoma-bearing lungs was similar to that observed in human lung cancer and further confirms the A/J-mouse as a valuable model for lung carcinogenesis.
Vicarelli’s Keynes and the New-Keynesian analytical method

ABSTRACT This article provides a critical review of the foundations of the new Keynesian apparatus, to evaluate the actual strength of the Keynesian inheritance. As a reference of the Keynesian vision, Fausto Vicarelli’s recognition of the Keynesian message is adopted. The critical recognition of the new Keynesian methodology focuses on its analytical foundations, the recent extensions and on the criticality of its empirical performances and controls. The new Keynesian construction is shown to lack truly Keynesian roots in at least three key theoretical features: the role of the microfoundations, the stability of equilibrium, and expectations formation. The directions of an ongoing research narrowing the new Keynesian theoretical fracture from Keynesian economics are addressed.
Synthesis, antibacterial activity, antibacterial mechanism and food applications of ZnO nanoparticles: a review

Bacterial contamination reduces the shelf-life of foods and presents serious risks to human health. Nanotechnology provides the opportunity for the development of new antibacterial agents. Nano-inorganic metal oxides have shown the potential to reduce bacterial contamination of foods. When the particle size of materials decreases from the micrometre to the nanometre range, nano-functional properties such as diffusivity, mechanical strength, chemical reactivity and biological properties are improved. Significantly, ZnO has been used in many applications with particular success. Many studies have shown that ZnO nanoparticles have enhanced antibacterial activity. This review discusses the main synthetic methods, antibacterial activity, antibacterial mechanisms and food applications of ZnO nanoparticles.
THE DISCOVERY OF CYBER HARRYING IS BASED ON AUTOMATIC CODING TO REDUCE NOISE

As a side effect of increasingly popular social media, cyberbullying has emerged as a serious question afﬂicting children, adolescents and young adults. Machine literature techniques make automatic rifle detection of bullying messages in social media possibility, and this could help to construct a salubrious and safe convivial media surrounding. In this meaningful research region, one critical conclusion is muscular and discriminative numerical representation learning of message messages. In this papery, we propose a new representation learning course to attack this proposition. Our sample titled Semantic-Enhanced Marginalized DE widespread Auto-Encoder join via lexical refine of one's consistently acute check out join up near without character call it all even rotate encoder. The dialectal linger is composed of re-create bohemian fire up and barrenness constraints, high disposition the morphological exigency conflict exhibit employment on administration settlement and great inlay grind. Our alert vimana forgive sustain the secret impress forming of imperious advice and advance an extreme and nasty report of abstract. Comprehensive experiments on two renowned programmed tyrannous corpora (Twitter and Myspace) are convoy, and the outcomes get so that us crave approaches transcend new copy departure regularity habits access.
Formation of Peroxynitrite from Reaction of Nitroxyl Anion with Molecular Oxygen*

Peroxynitrite (ONOO−/ONOOH) is generally expected to be formed in vivo from the diffusion-controlled reaction between superoxide (O 2 ⨪ ) and nitric oxide (⋅NO). In the present paper we show that under aerobic conditions the nitroxyl anion (NO−), released from Angeli's salt (disodium diazen-1-ium-1,2,2-triolate,−ON=NO 2 − ), generated peroxynitrite with a yield of about 65%. Simultaneously, hydroxyl radicals are formed from the nitroxyl anion with a yield of about 3% via a minor, peroxynitrite-independent pathway. Further experiments clearly underline that the chemistry of NO− in the presence of oxygen is mainly characterized by peroxynitrite and not by HO⋅ radicals. Quantum-chemical calculations predict that peroxynitrite formation should proceed via intermediary formation of⋅NO and O 2 ⨪ , probably by an electron-transfer mechanism. This prediction is supported by the fact that H2O2 is formed during the decay of NO− in the presence of superoxide dismutase (Cu(II),Zn-SOD). Since the nitroxyl anion may be released endogenously by a variety of biomolecules, substantial amounts of peroxynitrite might be formed in vivo via NO− in addition to the “classical” ⋅NO + O 2 ⨪ pathway.
Force Field Adaptation Can Be Learned Using Vision in the Absence of Proprioceptive Error

It has been shown that people can learn to perform a variety of motor tasks in novel dynamic environments without visual feedback, highlighting the importance of proprioceptive feedback in motor learning. However, our results show that it is possible to learn a viscous curl force field without proprioceptive error to drive adaptation, by providing visual information about the position error. Subjects performed reaching movements in a constraining channel created by a robotic interface. The force that subjects applied against the haptic channel was used to predict the unconstrained hand trajectory under a viscous curl force field. This trajectory was provided as visual feedback to the subjects during movement (virtual dynamics). Subjects were able to use this visual information (discrepant with proprioception) and gradually learned to compensate for the virtual dynamics. Unconstrained catch trials, performed without the haptic channel after learning the virtual dynamics, exhibited similar trajectories to those of subjects who learned to move in the force field in the unconstrained environment. Our results demonstrate that the internal model of the external dynamics that was formed through learning without proprioceptive error was accurate enough to allow compensation for the force field in the unconstrained environment. They suggest a method to overcome limitations in learning resulting from mechanical constraints of robotic trainers by providing suitable visual feedback, potentially enabling efficient physical training and rehabilitation using simple robotic devices with few degrees-of-freedom.
Clinical Patterns and Characteristics of Uveitis in a Tertiary Center for Uveitis in China

Purpose: To address the clinical pattern and characteristics of uveitis in a tertiary center for uveitis in China and compare the similarity and difference in the distribution of uveitis entities between China and other countries. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on the patients with uveitis referred to the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center from January 1996 to December 2003. The clinical data including category, etiology, gender, and the age of the patients at uveitis presentation were analyzed and compared with studies published previously from other countries. Results: There were 902 male and 850 female patients in our series. The mean age of these patients at uveitis presentation was 33.8 ± 16.5 years. Anterior uveitis (800, 45.6%) was the most common anatomical entity, followed by panuveitis (727, 41.5%), posterior uveitis (119, 6.8%), and intermediate uveitis (106, 6.1%). Further classification with the etiology criteria revealed 16 entities in anterior uveitis, with idiopathic anterior uveitis being the most common entity (473, 27.0%). Twelve entities were identified in panuveitis, of which Behçet disease (289, 16.5%) and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome (278, 15.9%) were the predominant ones. No specific entity was recognized in the intermediate uveitis group. Although a number of specific entities were identified in posterior uveitis, toxoplasmosis was noted in only two patients in this group. Conclusions: Idiopathic anterior uveitis, Behçet disease, and VKH syndrome are the most common entities of uveitis in China. Ocular toxoplasmosis, ocular histoplasmosis, and birdshot retinochoroidopathy are less common or absent in China.
Entrepreneurship in vocational degrees : the missing link

This paper explores whether the trades teaching curriculum focuses sufficiently on the entrepreneurial skills needed by present day vocational graduates, as evidence indicates that inclusion of entrepreneurial activities or even basic business skills are limited or non-existent. According to recent studies, degrees are failing to assure employment, high earnings, and upward social mobility for graduates unless they are able to operate within a commercial environment. In order to investigate this situation two data sources were analysed from the case study of a Bachelor of Applied Technology degree; firstly, the extent to which course Learning Outcomes showed direct entrepreneurship content or demonstrated links to basic business practice. Secondly, whether entrepreneurship was subsequently examined in any of the related Assessment packages. It was clear from this analysis that many courses lacked any business practice in their curriculum content and furthermore, even where it did exist, there was a disconnection between the outcomes and their assessment. It became obvious that the programme did not satisfactorily meet the entrepreneurial needs of future employers. It is therefore recommended that in order to equip students with effective workplace learning practices, more emphasis on business skills is required to improve both cognitive development, and also to add value to the industry they will work in. Educational institutes through planned curriculum development can increase the quality and quantity of potential entrepreneurs and this will impact on their ability to operate in business. This paper recommends strategies for addressing the identified gaps.
How the Unorganized Mass Public (Sometimes) Gets Represented in Regulatory Politics

Many scholars have argued that because consumers are poorly organized, regulatory enforcement will tend to be lax and serve the interests of industry. Considering, however, that elections are one of the main mechanisms by which the public exerts control over policy, surprisingly few studies have examined how electoral incentives may spur the government to regulate vigorously on behalf of consumers. We argue that when the threat of electoral accountability is greater, regulatory activities will serve the interests of the public, even if they impose costs on industry. We test this theoretical expectation by analyzing state regulatory activity in the wake of exogenous storms and natural disasters, which provide us with important theoretical and causal leverage. We find that a more “pro-regulation” electorate and elected chief regulators acting in close proximity to elections are associated with pro-consumer regulatory action.
Objective determination of standard of care: use of blind readings by external radiologists.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether specific findings determined to be critical and standard of care by expert witnesses in a legal case are identifiable by radiologists blinded to clinical outcome and litigation. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Images from six CT studies were sent to radiologists for interpretation. Two studies were performed for screening after major trauma, one of the cases being the subject of a settled legal action; three were randomly selected from studies performed in the evaluation of emergency department patients; and one was the control. The cases were selected to simulate a typical emergency department caseload. In the medicolegal case, four plaintiff expert witness radiologists had identified three findings in the CT study that were not described by the radiologist of record (primary reader). One of these findings was considered critical and was the basis for the legal case. RESULTS Thirty-one radiologists participated in the study. The three findings made by the expert witnesses-T3 and T10 vertebral body fractures and 1-mm symmetric widening of the facet joints at T10-were made by none, 19 (61.3%), and none of the 31 radiologists in this study. CONCLUSION Thirty-one radiologists who had no knowledge of the clinical outcome or litigation did not confirm the expert witness interpretation. This finding prompts questions about the current method of determining standard of care in legal cases, that is, use of paid medical expert witnesses. Our findings suggest that use of radiologists blinded to clinical outcome may be a more objective method of evaluating legal cases.
A Comparison of Information Fusion Methods for Locating Intelligent Mobile Robot

Self-localization methods for intelligent mobile robot can be found from literatures. Here, we studied two information fusion methods, namely extended Kalman filter and unscented Kalman filter. They are used to locate the pose of mobile robot that is navigating in the indoor environment. To analyze the performance of the two filters, they were used respectively to fuse the information coming from the onboard odometry and unidirectional camera. We built the nonlinear models for these two sensors and studied the propagation of uncertainty transformed by the given nonlinear system. Finally we drew a comparison between the two approaches based on the SmartROB2 mobile robot and the performance analyses are given accordingly
Spin trap (N-t-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone)-mediated suprainduction of heme oxygenase-1 in kidney ischemia/reperfusion model: role of the oxygenase in protection against oxidative injury.

In mammals the rate-limiting step in heme catabolism is the heme oxygenase (HO) system. Two isozymes, HO-1 and HO-2, oxidatively cleave the substrate to form biliverdin, and the potential cellular messenger, CO; the chelated iron is released as the result of the tetrapyrrole ring opening. Biliverdin is subsequently reduced to bilirubin, an antioxidant, by biliverdin reductase. The aim of the present study was to investigate the involvement of HO-1, a heat shock/stress protein, in protection offered by the spin trap agent, N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenyl-nitrone (PBN), against kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury. For this, HO-1 expression and assessment of the parameters associated with tissue-oxidative injury were compared in the presence or absence of PBN pretreatment of rats (100 mg/kg i.p., 30 min) before the onset of 30-min ischemia. Twenty-four hours after reperfusion, Northern blot analysis showed an unprecedented approximately 37-fold increase in 1.8-kb HO-1 mRNA in PBN pretreated rat kidney; HO-2 mRNA levels did not increase. At 48 h, the levels of HO-1 mRNA remained nearly 14-fold higher than the control value. In the absence of PBN, the levels measured approximately 5- and 2-fold higher than control values at the 24- and 48-h intervals, respectively. PBN pretreatment also resulted in a most impressive increase in the levels of HO-1 protein as judged by Western blot analysis and measurement of enzyme activity at the 24-h time point. As detected by immunohistochemical analysis, PBN pretreatment caused an increase in HO-1 and biliverdin reductase-immunoreactive proteins in the cortex and in the outer stripe of the outer medulla. In the absence of PBN pretreatment, there was an intense immunostaining for HO-1 in the medullary rays, which corresponded with iron and lipid peroxidation staining of the region; these observations were not made with PBN-pretreated kidneys. Collectively, the findings are consistent with the likelihood that suprainduction of HO-1 gene expression protects the kidney from free radical-mediated injury by increasing the capacity to produce the potent cellular antioxidant bilirubin. We also suggest spin trap-mediated protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury is likely due to a sustained elevation of HO-1 gene expression by formation of stable radicals.
Elevated circulating homocyst(e)ine levels in placental vascular disease and associated pre‐eclampsia

We examined the hypothesis that hyperhomocyst(e)inaemia in the maternal or fetal circulation is associated with placental vascular disease with either the maternal syndrome of pre‐eclampsia and/or fetal syndrome of growth restriction. Maternal plasma homocyst(e)ine levels were significantly higher in pregnancies complicated by pre‐eclampsia, pregnancies with evidence of umbilical placental vascular disease, and pregnancies with both complications compared with the normal pregnancy group. In the fetal circulation mean plasma homocyst(e)ine concentration was significantly higher in the pre‐eclampsia group compared with the normal group. The results suggest that hyperhomocyst(e)inaemia may be a risk marker for placental vascular disease and maternal pre‐eclampsia. The elevated fetal plasma homocyst(e)ine concentrations, found only in the group of pregnancies with pre‐eclampsia in the absence of umbilical placental vascular disease, may be due to an effect of placental vascular disease on homocyst(e)ine transfer from the maternal to fetal circulation.
Plasma constituents during incremental treadmill exercise in intact and splenectomised horses.

Six intact and 6 splenectomised mares were given an incremental exercise test on a treadmill to examine the fluid and electrolyte changes associated with exercise and the role of the spleen in these changes. Blood samples were obtained at rest and at the end of each 1-min step of the test. Exercise at 7 m/sec caused significant (P < 0.05) increases in plasma osmolality (intact, +9.9%; splenectomised, +6.2%), plasma protein concentration (intact, +15.8%; splenectomised, +11.4%), and plasma K+ concentration (intact 46%; splenectomised, +57%). Plasma Na+ concentration did not increase significantly (P > 0.05) in either group (intact = 2.7%; splenectomised, = 3.5%). This appears to be the first record of substantial changes of these constituents during short-term exercise, even before the onset of visible sweat losses. The changes in the concentration of plasma protein suggest that short-term exercise causes a decrease in plasma volume. The changes in the concentration and content of sodium suggest that this is an isotonic shift of fluid. The increase in plasma potassium concentration appears to be due to haemoconcentration as well as an increase in the content of potassium within the vascular compartment.
Linezolid Versus Vancomycin for the Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Keratitis in Rabbits

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of topical linezolid (LZD) 1 mg/mL or 2 mg/mL to vancomycin (VA) 50 mg/mL for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) keratitis in rabbits. Methods: One hundred colony-forming unit (CFU) MRSA bacteria were injected intrastromally into rabbit corneas. Sixteen hours after the injection, 24 rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups. Rabbit eyes were treated with 1 drop of topical LZD 1 mg/mL, LZD 2 mg/mL, VA 50 mg/mL, or isotonic saline every 15 minutes for 5 doses and then every 30 minutes for 14 doses. Eyes were examined before and after the treatment using slit-lamp biomicroscopy by 2 observers blinded to the study for the determination of clinical severity. Then, corneas were harvested for the quantification of bacteria and histopathology. Results: There were no differences in clinical severity among the groups before and after the treatment in each eye. The mean CFU × 106 of MRSA recovered from the LZD 1 mg/mL, LZD 2 mg/mL, and VA 50 mg/mL groups were significantly lower than that recovered from corneas treated with isotonic saline. There was no statistically significant difference among the treatment groups in terms of CFU × 106. Epithelial erosion in the VA 50 mg/mL group was significantly worse than that in the other groups. LZD 2 mg/mL group had the lowest mean epithelial erosion values. Conclusions: Topical LZD showed activity against MRSA that was comparable to fortified VA in this experimental keratitis model.