Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
American Finance Association Does the Stock Market Overreact ?

Research in experimental psychology suggests that, in violation of Bayes' rule, most people tend to "overreact" to unexpected and dramatic news events. This study of market efficiency investigates whether such behavior affects stock prices. The empirical evidence, based on CRSP monthly return data, is consistent with the overreaction hypothesis. Substantial weak form market inefficiencies are discovered. The results also shed new light on the January returns earned by prior "winners" and "losers. " Portfolios of losers experience exceptionally large January returns as late as five years after portfolio formation. As ECONOMISTS INTERESTED IN both market behavior and the psychology of individual decision making, we have been struck by the similarity of two sets of empirical findings. Both classes of behavior can be characterized as displaying overreaction. This study was undertaken to investigate the possibility that these phenomena are related by more than just appearance. We begin by describing briefly the individual and market behavior that piqued our interest. The term overreaction carries with it an implicit comparison to some degree of reaction that is considered to be appropriate. What is an appropriate reaction? One class,,of tasks which have a well-established norm are probability revision problems for which Bayes' rule prescribes the correct reaction to new information. It has now been well-established that Bayes' rule is not an apt characterization of how individuals actually respond to new data (Kahneman et al. [14]). In revising their beliefs, individuals tend to overweight recent information and underweight prior (or base rate) data. People seem to make predictions according to a simple matching rule: "The predicted value is selected so that the standing of the case in the distribution of outcomes matches its standing in the distribution of impressions" (Kahneman and Tversky [14, p. 416]). This rule-of-thumb, an instance of what Kahneman and Tversky call the representativeness heuristic, violates the basic statistical principal that the extremeness of predictions must be moderated by considerations of predictability. Grether [12] has replicated this finding under incentive compatible conditions. There is also considerable evidence that the actual expectations of professional security analysts and economic forecasters display the same overreaction bias (for a review, see De Bondt [7]). One of the earliest observations about overreaction in markets was made by J. M. Keynes:". day-to-day fluctuations in the profits of existing investments, * University of Wisconsin at Madison and Cornell University, respectively. The financial support of the C.I. M. Doctoral Fellowship Program (Brussels, Belgium) and the Cornell Graduate School of Management is gratefully acknowledged. We received helpful comments from Seymour Smidt, Dale Morse, Peter Bernstein, Fischer Black, Robert Jarrow, Edwin Elton, and Ross Watts.
Factors influencing early discontinuation in a 3-month group weight loss program

Introduction: Over the past several decades, obesity rates have been dramatically increasing, especially in highly developed countries. Epidemiological data indicate that currently about 50% of the population is suffering from overweight or obesity. The aim of the study was to assess the external factors resulting in early resignation from a 3-month group weight loss program. Material and methods: The study group involved 217 subjects starting a 3-month weight loss program. The number of patients who resigned from the program was counted after each session. At the end of the program all the patients were asked to complete a questionnaire including questions about their level of education, marital status, working hours, distance from their place of residence, costs of travel and the level of satisfaction with the program and its effects. Results: 46% of subjects completed the program and 56.2% responded to the questionnaire. After the first meeting, dropouts were more frequent among participants who lived far away from the place where the sessions were held (above 23.6 ± 14.6 km) and who had the highest costs of transportation (mean 6.1 euro). Relative risk of early discontinuation was 3.32, p < 0.001 for distance from the place of residence above 21.2 km, 3.60, p < 0.05 for cost of transportation over 3.1 euro and 7.23 (2.08-25.38), p = 0.002 for monthly income per household member below 234 euro. Other study factors did not influence program discontinuation. Conclusions: Low incomes, distance from the place of residence and costs of transportation are important factors of early discontinuation of 3-month group weight loss programs in Poland.
From tho Expected to the Desired Future of Passenger Transport: A Stakeholder Approach

Sustainability as an unambiguous policy goal is not a priori secured, as is clearly shown in the transport sector, where the negative externalities are stil1 increasing despite official polities aiming at a reduction of these external costs and at the achievement of a sustainable transport system. To analyse why this is the case, a conceptual model is developed in this paper, in which stakeholders are identified which influence sustainable transport polities. These stakeholders are individuals, the public sector (subdivided into politicians and civil servants), international organizations and pressure groups (car industry, oil industry, car users and environmental groups). It appears that although it may be assumed that nobody desires an unsustainable future most incentives and mechanisms in our conceptual model of the decision-making process hamper the achievement of a sustainable transport system. In the second part by way of empirical test results of a questionnaire among Dutch transportation experts on the expected and desired future of European passenger transport are concisely discussed, in which the year 2030 is taken as a reference year. It appears that in the expected future the stakeholders largely behave as predicted in the conceptual model. In the desired future, however, the stakeholders have to change their attitudes drastically . It is concluded that a strategy focused on behavioural changes of stakeholders is necessary for the achievement of sustainability goals. Sufficient and appealing information, the existente of alternatives for car use and a cooperation of al1 stakeholders are key success factors for the achievement of a sustainable transport system in the future.
Evaluating the Impact of Word Embeddings on Similarity Scoring in Practical Information Retrieval

: We assess the suitability of word embeddings for practical information retrieval scenarios. Thus, we assume that users issue ad-hoc short queries where we return the first twenty retrieved documents after applying a boolean matching operation between the query and the documents. We compare the performance of several techniques that leverage word embeddings in the retrieval models to compute the similarity between the query and the documents, namely word centroid similarity, paragraph vectors, Word Mover’s distance, as well as our novel inverse document frequency (IDF) re-weighted word centroid similarity. We evaluate the performance using the ranking metrics mean average precision, mean reciprocal rank, and normalized discounted cumulative gain. Additionally, we inspect the retrieval models’ sensitivity to document length by using either only the title or the full-text of the documents for the retrieval task. We conclude that word centroid similarity is the best competitor to state-of-the-art retrieval models. It can be further improved by re-weighting the word frequencies with IDF before aggregating the respective word vectors of the embedding. The proposed cosine similarity of IDF re-weighted word vectors is competitive to the TF-IDF baseline and even outperforms it in case of the news domain with a relative percentage of 15%.
Tilted subwavelength gratings : controlling anisotropy in metamaterial nanophotonic waveguides

1Universidad de Málaga, Dpto. de Ingeniería de Comunicaciones, ETSI Telecomunicación, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain. 2Institute of Optics, Spanish National Research Council, 28006 Madrid, Spain 3Bionand Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, 29590 Málaga, España 4National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Bldg. M50, Ottawa K1A 0R6, Canada. *Corresponding author: jmlg@ic.uma. com
Antioxidant capacity and composition of pitanga seeds

Food industry generates a significant amount of seed wastes from the juice production, frozen pulps and jams. Considering that the characterization of wastes is the first step to determine their potential use, the aim of the present study was to determine the composition and the antioxidant capacity of seeds from pitanga fruits with different flesh colors (purple, red and orange). Chemical composition results revealed that pitanga seeds are a good source of insoluble dietary fiber, with low protein and fat levels, and no relevant differences were found among pitanga seeds from different flesh colors. Pitanga seed extracts had powerful antioxidant capacity that was partially correlated to their high phenolic content and showed some variation according to the pitanga flesh colors. Accordingly, it’s suggested that this low value waste of pitanga processing, could be used as a source of natural antioxidants and dietary fiber, for animal and/or human nutrition.
OBTAINING POTENTIAL FIELD SOLUTIONS WITH SPHERICAL HARMONICS AND FINITE DIFFERENCES

Potential magnetic field solutions can be obtained based on the synoptic magnetograms of the Sun. Traditionally, a spherical harmonics decomposition of the magnetogram is used to construct the current- and divergence-free magnetic field solution. This method works reasonably well when the order of spherical harmonics is limited to be small relative to the resolution of the magnetogram, although some artifacts, such as ringing, can arise around sharp features. When the number of spherical harmonics is increased, however, using the raw magnetogram data given on a grid that is uniform in the sine of the latitude coordinate can result in inaccurate and unreliable results, especially in the polar regions close to the Sun. We discuss here two approaches that can mitigate or completely avoid these problems: (1) remeshing the magnetogram onto a grid with uniform resolution in latitude and limiting the highest order of the spherical harmonics to the anti-alias limit; (2) using an iterative finite difference algorithm to solve for the potential field. The naive and the improved numerical solutions are compared for actual magnetograms and the differences are found to be rather dramatic. We made our new Finite Difference Iterative Potential-field Solver (FDIPS) a publicly available code so that other researchers can also use it as an alternative to the spherical harmonics approach.
Tacit Knowledge for the Development of Organizations

Knowledge is mainly divided into two types: tacit and explicit. The purpose of this study is to examine the concept of tacit knowledge and the application of it for the development of organizations. It is evident that tacit knowledge has a strong connection with the research area of knowledge management. The present global economy is tacit knowledge based for the sustainable development. Since it is very complex in its nature, therefore acquire and extract of tacit knowledge is not a very easy task. It is unwritten, unspoken and hidden vast storehouse of knowledge of a person. It stresses on the success and well-being of humankind. It is obtained as a result of the direct interaction between individuals and their environments. The paper analyzes the importance of tacit knowledge for the sustaining of the long-term capabilities and performance in organizations. An attempt has been taken here to discuss sharing of tacit knowledge in organizations. This paper also tries to explore the properties of tacit knowledge in some detailed.
Response to the comments from Anonymous Referee

General comments: The authors present results measurements of ambient aerosol during two periods (summer vs winter) in the Pearl River Delta. Most of the discussion focuses on oxalate loadings and its mixing state. Based on correlations with metal-containing particles, the authors conclude that iron has an important role in OH formation and therefore in oxalate formation. While generally the manuscript is well written, the discussion of the chemical mechanism is very weak and hand waving. Without running a detailed multiphase model, such conclusions cannot be drawn with certainty. Therefore, I suggest removing the discussion of the role of iron and the chemical mechanism in general. After my additional comments below are addressed, the manuscript may be suitable for publication.
Sliding discharge study in axisymmetric configuration

In this paper, Sliding Discharge (SD) was experimentally studied to generate homogeneous surface discharge on the outer surface of a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) tube. Cylindrical configuration was employed in order to eliminate edge effect and to generate uniform plasma along the electrodes. AC high voltage was applied to generate large and stable surface plasma with different geometric and the electric parameters. From the analysis of electrical measurements and photographs, it has been shown that the SD generation depends strongly on the magnitude of electric field between outer electrodes. The plasma sheet was very homogeneous along the tube axis with DC component, small SD gap, and high frequency.
Graphene-based composites as cathode materials for lithium ion batteries

Owing to the superior mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, graphene was a perfect candidate to improve the performance of lithium ion batteries. Herein, we review the recent advances in graphene-based composites and their application as cathode materials for lithium ion batteries. We focus on the synthesis methods of graphene-based composites and the superior electrochemical performance of graphene-based composites as cathode materials for lithium ion batteries.
Position Embedding-Free Transformer for Radar HRRP Target Recognition

In recent years, radar automatic target recognition tech-nology based on high-resolution range profile has received widespread attention. Most deep learning-based methods do not make use of the temporal dependence. Given this issue, we introduce Transformer model for the HRRP recognition tasks in this work. However, the existing transformer models need to manually design the position embedding mode, and lack inductive hypothesis. Therefore, we propose a position embedding-free Transformer model combined with CNN. Specifically, a self attention module based on multi -scale CNN is designed to weight up the different recognition con-tribution of each region. The purpose of the designed network is to extract more informative and discriminative features. Ex-perimental results show that the proposed method achieves better performance over the corresponding models.
Biogeochemical Transformations of Inorganic Nutrients in the Mixing Zone between the Danube River and the North-western Black Sea

Biogeochemical transformations of inorganic nutrients were studied in the mixing zone between the Danube and the north-western Black Sea in July 1995 and in the winter–spring transition period of 1997. Inorganic nutrients, phytoplankton carbon-biomass and biogenic silica were analysed at 10 different locations across the entire salinity gradient in combination with parallel measurements of phytoplankton carbon and inorganic nutrient uptake rates, making use of different tracers (14C, 15N, 32Si and 32P). The quantitative and qualitative nutrient signature of the Danube outflow into the Black Sea varied seasonally, depending on upwards processes of consumption, remineralization, transformation and elimination. Danube DSi (dissolved silicon) and DIN concentrations decreased from winter to summer, although PO4 remained constant for the whole season. The winter distribution of inorganic nutrients along the salinity gradient was conservative, and phytoplankton biomasses and activities were very low due to strong light limitation. However, significant phytoplankton carbon and inorganic nutrient uptake rates were measured in early spring and during summer at salinities depending on the hydrodynamics of the Danube and Black Sea mixing. Between a salinity of 0 and 10 (using the Practical Salinity Scale), phytoplankton (diatom) growth and mortality processes have been evidenced, which at first strongly lower the inputs of inorganic nutrients to the coastal zone, but also affect the balance among which nutrients are spread over the shelf. These modifications have important consequences for phytoplankton dynamics and species dominance at salinities above 10; diatom growth being apparently P-limited during spring and N-limited during summer. Surprisingly, no DSi limitation of diatom growth has been shown during this study, and a background DSi level of 2–3 μM was measured in the entire shelf area. Causes for such an observation appear to be (1) an efficient biotic and abiotic removal of PO4 during mixing, (2) an important denitrification in the upper estuary and (3) an important recycling of Si, both in the water column and at the sediment–water interface. The negative long-term effect of the quantitative and qualitative (deficiency in DSi) changes of the Danube inputs on the functioning of the Black Sea pelagic and benthic food-webs have been clearly reported in the literature and cannot be questioned by the present data set. Rather, this study simply highlights the complexity of the mechanisms by which propagation of the Danube eutrophication beyond the river plume possibly occurs.
Islamic Banking System: Partnership in Sharing Business Risk

Purpose: The main purpose of this paper is to review and analyze the reasons why Muslims are now shifting from conventional banking systems to Islamic banking systems. The study in fact makes an attempt to clear some of the doubts and confusions in the minds of the Muslims who still believe that Islamic banking system is not free from interest (riba) as well. Design/Methodology: The methodology and design adopted in this study is basically analytical and its material is largely taken from the research papers written in this field. However, the study makes frequent use of secondary data to support logical conclusions arrived at in this study. Contribution: The study is helpful in creating greater confidence of the Muslims in using Islamic banking system as the first best solution in accordance with the principles laid down in Islamic Shari’ah. Conclusion: The author is fully convinced that the Islamic banking system offers greater security and entails lower failure risk while facing financial crises during different phases of business cycle.
The Role of External and Internal Factors in the Accuracy of Predicting Financial Distress

The purpose of this paper is to predict financial distress explored how the proposed by experts. As we know that the Financial Distress is an early predictor in assessing the financial performance of the company, for this prediction in need of external and internal analysis of the company. The methodology of this research is the study of literature and secondary data. This paper is expected to provide a comprehensive picture of the company's financial performance through the prediction of financial distress that has been widely used some previous researchers. The results of this study will be a contribution to the development of literature and provide a comparison of the application of financial distress prediction model that has been done so create a model of financial distress research using external and internal analysis. The results of this study will also provide an explanation that there has been no study of financial distress by using external and internal factors simultaneously and integrated. Keywords : f inancial , distress, performance , company, external , internal factors
Association of Anxiety, Depression, and Body Image Disorder with Pain-Related Disability in Post-Mastectomy Breast Cancer Patients

Introduction: Breast cancer and its treatment have notable adverse effects on patients’ body image, which could result in disability and psychological distress. Therefore, the present study investigated the association of anxiety, depression, and body image disorder with pain-related disability in post-mastectomy female breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 137 post-mastectomy female breast cancer patients referred to two hospitals in Tehran, in 2015. Demographic data were collected, and all subjects completed questionnaires for patients with cancer, pain disability index and hospital anxiety and depression scale. Validity and reliability of all questionnaires used in the study had been verified previously. Results: There were significant inverse correlations between depression and body image (r=-0.24, P<0.01), anxiety and pain related disability (r=0.25, P<0.01), and body image and pain-related disability (r=0.47, P<0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that anxiety (B=0.29, CI=0.97-3.94) and body image disorder (B=0.53, CI=0.81-1.62) were significantly correlated with pain-related disability after adjusting the age of patients and treatment period. Conclusions: Body image and anxiety are significantly correlated with pain-related disability. In addition, there is a significant correlation between body image and depression in post-mastectomy patients. Thus, anxiety and body image could be considered as risk factors of pain-related disability regardless of the treatment course and demographic variables. Identification of breast cancer patients with psychological disorders and disturbed body image seems beneficial for preventing pain-related disability after mastectomy.