Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
operations: I. A review of enteric methane mitigation options Mitigation of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from animal --

: The goal of this review was to analyze published data related to mitigation of enteric methane (CH 4 ) emissions from ruminant animals to document the most effective and sustainable strategies. Increasing forage digestibility and digestible forage intake was one of the major recommended CH 4 mitigation practices. Although responses vary, CH 4 emissions can be reduced when corn silage replaces grass silage in the diet. Feeding legume silages could also lower CH 4 emissions compared to grass silage due to their lower fiber concentration. Dietary lipids can be effective in reducing CH 4 emissions, but their applicability will depend on effects on feed intake, fiber digestibility, production, and milk composition. Inclusion of concentrate feeds in the diet of ruminants will likely decrease CH 4 emission intensity (Ei; CH 4 per unit animal product), particularly when inclusion is above 40% of dietary dry matter and rumen function is not impaired. Supplementation of diets containing medium to poor quality forages with small amounts of concentrate feed will typically decrease CH 4 Ei. Nitrates show promise as CH 4 mitigation agents, but more studies are needed to fully understand their impact on whole-farm greenhouse gas emissions, animal productivity, and animal health. Through their effect on feed efficiency and rumen stoichiometry, ionophores are likely to have a moderate CH 4 mitigating effect in ruminants fed high-grain or mixed grain–forage diets. Tannins may also reduce CH 4 emissions although in some situations intake and milk production may be compromised. Some direct-fed microbials, such as yeast-based products, might have a moderate CH 4 –mitigating effect through increasing animal productivity and feed efficiency, but the effect is likely to be inconsistent. Vaccines against rumen archaea may offer mitigation opportunities in the future although the extent of CH 4 reduction is likely to be small and adaptation by ruminal microbes and persistence of the effect is unknown. Overall, improving forage quality and the overall efficiency of dietary nutrient use is an effective way of decreasing CH 4 Ei. Several feed supplements have a potential to reduce CH 4 emission from ruminants although their long-term effect has not been well established and some are toxic or may not be economically feasible.
Increased gut permeability after multiple trauma

Gut permeability was studied in multiply injured patients with respect to the development of multiple organ failure (MOF). Two groups were defined according to MOF score (threshold 10 points) as to whether MOF developed (group 1; n = 11, four deaths) or did not (group 2; n = 21, no death). Gut permeability was determined from the ratio of urinary excretion of enterally administered lactulose and mannitol. Serum elastase concentrations were also determined. Mean(s.e.m.) gut permeability was abnormal during the entire study (day 1: group 1 5·1(2·1) versus group 2 10·6(4·1) (P not significant; P < 0·001 versus normal volunteers, 0·56(0·24)). An increase on days 3 and 5 correlated with serum elastase levels only in patients in group 1 (rs = 0·71, P < 0·01). Severe injury leads to increased intestinal permeability, which is related to a systemic inflammatory response.
Review of the Dietary Reference Intake for Calcium: Where Do We Go From Here?

In this article the science relied on to establish the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) specifically for calcium was examined. The latest dietary recommendations for the essential nutrients significant with respect to their roles in bone metabolism and health were reported in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride (1997) (NIM, 1997). For calcium an adequate intake was recommended because insufficient data were available at the time to determine specific Recommended Dietary Allowances. Dietary intake data and the controversies regarding the role calcium may play in other chronic diseases have also been discussed. Advances and continued dilemmas regarding these topics reported since the publication of the DRI were also addressed in this review. A recent Dietary Reference Intake Research Synthesis Workshop report identified an extensive range of suggested future research directions needed to improve our understanding of calcium and bone and health.
K-band micro-strip antenna array applied in anti-collision radar

A K-band micro-strip array double-antenna applied in 24GHz automotive collision warning radar is presented in this paper. The double-antenna consists of two individual 14×6 elements arrays which both are placed on ROGERS RT5880 substrate with 0.254 mm thickness, one for the transmitter (TX) and one for the receiver (RX). The results of simulation show that the double-antenna has gain of 26.5dB and efficiency of 60%, the −10dB bandwidth is 1GHz from 23.6GHz to 24.6GHz, three-decibel beamwidth in azimuth is 6° and in elevation is 18°, the sub lobe suppression in azimuth is better than −20dB and in elevation is better than −15dB. The isolation between two antennas array is better than −32dB.
Empirical tests of Fama-French three-factor model and Principle Component Analysis on the Chinese stock market

Date: 2014-06-03 Authors: Kaiwen Wang Jingjing Guo fin13kwa@student.lu. se fin13jgu@student.lu. se Mobile: 0762063660 0762187877 Title: Empirical tests of Fama-French three-factor model and Principle Component Analysis on the Chinese stock market Tutor: Anders Vilhelmsson, Department of Business Administration, Lund University Purpose: This paper aim to verify that the Fama-French three factor model (FF) captures more cross-sectional variation in returns for the Chinese stock market than the CAPM, over the period January 2004 to December 2013. Furthermore, we construct statistically optimal factors by using the principal component analysis (PCA) for the Fama-French portfolios and test whether the FF model leaves anything significant that can be explained by the PCA factors. Method: Following the procedure in Fama and French (1993), first we construct FF factors and portfolios based on firm size and book-to-market equity, and then compare the performance between CAPM and FF models by applying time-series regressions. For deeper comparison, we continue to explain the return matrix (120*9) with principal component analysis, which produces several PCs for new time-series regressions and study the overall fitness and factor loadings of both FF and PCA models. To see which model captures the most variation, we run cross-sectional regressions with respect to all the three afore-mentioned models. Conclusion: Our results show that the FF model tends to be more powerful than CAPM for explaining the variations in cross-sectional returns. Yet within the FF model, our data contains one divergence from the US market, we actually find a reversal of book-to-market equity effect. Finally, our results suggest that the PCA model performs better than the FF model.
Research on the Implementation of Port State Control Based on Broad Sense Concept in the Integrated Management of Foreign Vessel

This paper studied the role of port state control (PSC) in the integrated management of foreign vessel (IMFV). The integrated management is an important measure for port state authorities to control casualties of foreign vessels. Based on the analysis of IMFV and PSC, the working model of "Port State Control Based on Broad Sense Concept (PSCBSC)" is established and applied into IMFV. The comparative analysis of inspection data shows that: the detention ratio, average deficiencies of PSCBSC are far higher than those of standard PSC, while the characteristics of detentions are significantly different as well. By PSCBSC, the resources of maritime safety can be integrated. It is helpful to improve the situation of IMFV.
The criteria used by private general practitioners in Bloemfontein for the diagnosis and referral of asthma patients aged 6–15 years

ABSTRACT Background Participants in the study were general practitioners (GPs) in private practice in Bloemfontein, South Africa. Objectives To determine and evaluate the criteria employed by GPs in Bloemfontein to diagnose and refer chronic and acute asthma patients aged 6–15 years and to investigate the actual diagnostic criteria used by GPs, as compared to the theoretical (i.e. textbook) criteria. Method A descriptive study was performed. A questionnaire was designed to investigate which methods of diagnosis were employed by GPs with regard to childhood asthma. The questionnaire was distributed to GPs who fulfilled certain inclusion criteria and were selected by means of simple random sampling. Statistical analysis of data was done by the Department of Biostatistics, University of the Free State, and results were summarised as frequencies and percentages. Results Certain elements were lacking with regard to the patients’ histories taken by GPs. These included severity and frequency of attacks, as well as precipitating factors, such as smoking in the family and allergies. A worrisome number of GPs did not seem to be aware of the exact clinical picture of asthma in children and some failed to use the prescribed guidelines proposed for diagnosis of this condition in young patients. Most GPs indicated that they refer asthmatic children to private specialists, although this practice depended on the medical aid status of the patient's parents/guardian. Conclusion As portrayed by the feedback obtained from these Bloemfontein-based GPs, it could be presumed that the diagnosis of asthma in children did not always meet the standard criteria.
Proteolytic cleavage product of 30-kDa adipocyte complement-related protein increases fatty acid oxidation in muscle and causes weight loss in mice.

Adipocyte complement-related protein (30 kDa) (Acrp30), a secreted protein of unknown function, is exclusively expressed in differentiated adipocytes; its mRNA is decreased in obese humans and mice. Here we describe novel pharmacological properties of the protease-generated globular head domain of Acrp30 (gAcrp30). Acute treatment of mice with gAcrp30 significantly decreased the elevated levels of plasma free fatty acids caused either by administration of a high fat test meal or by i.v. injection of Intralipid. This effect of gAcrp30 was caused, at least in part, by an acute increase in fatty acid oxidation by muscle. As a result, daily administration of a very low dose of gAcrp30 to mice consuming a high-fat/sucrose diet caused profound and sustainable weight reduction without affecting food intake. Thus, gAcrp30 is a novel pharmacological compound that controls energy homeostasis and exerts its effect primarily at the peripheral level.
Cell Volume and the Control of the Chlamydomonas Cell Cycle

Chlamydomonas reinhardii divides by multiple fission to produce 2 n daughter cells per division burst, where n is an integer. By separating predivision cells from synchronous cultures into fractions of differing mean cell volumes, and electronically measuring the numbers and volume distributions of the daughter cells produced by the subsequent division burst, we have shown that n is determined by the volume of the parent cell. Control of n can occur simply, if after every cell division the daughter cells monitor their volume and divide again if, and only if, their volume is greater than a fixed minimum value. In cultures synchronized by 12-h light/12-h dark cycles, the larger parent cells divide earlier in the dark period than do smaller cells. This has been shown by two independent methods: (1) by separating cells into different size fractions by Percoll density-gradient centrifugation and using the light microscope to see when they divide; and (2) by studying changes in the cell volume distribution of unfractioned cultures. Since daughter cells remain within the mother-cell wall for some hours after cell division, and cell division causes an overall swelling of the mother-cell wall, the timing of division can be determined electronically by measuring this increase in cell volume that occurs in the dark period in the absence of growth; we find that cells at the large end of the size distribution range undergo this swelling first, and are then followed by successively smaller size fractions. A simple model embodying a sizer followed by a timer gives a good quantitative fit to these data for 12-h light/12-h dark cycles if cell division occurs 12-h after attaining a critical volume of approximately 140 μm 3 . However, this simple model is called into question by our finding that alterations in the length of the light period alter the rate of progress towards division even of cells that have attained their critical volume. We discuss the relative roles of light and cell volume in the control of division timing in the Chlamydomonas cell cycle.
On the improvement of the enhanced distance-based broadcasting algorithm

Energy efficiency has attracted a lot of attention during the recent years, especially in mobile ad hoc networks where devices rely on batteries. Moreover, in this kind of networks the cooperation among devices forwarding packets or acting as a router is crucial for the network performance. Thus, reducing the energy consumption of each sending is a key feature that has been widely studied. In this paper we extend the study made for EDB, an enhanced distance-based broadcasting algorithm that aims at minimising the transmission power needed to broadcast a message in the network, by adding different network densities and values for the thresholds. Results showed that reducing the transmission power does not cause any detriment in the network connectivity but it can also increase the performance of the dissemination process.
Evacuated tubes for monitoring heparin treatment.

logically important parameter under conditions approximating those in vivo. This parameter is the resistance of whole blood to flow in microscopic channels, and the simplicity of the published technique stimulated other workers to assess its clinical usefulness. Several parameters have been found to affect the flow of whole blood through small channels in vitro" and our recent work2 was designed to quantify the contribution of some of these to retarding this flow. Among these factors are leucocyte concentration, haematocrit, plasma viscosity and red cell deformability. The first three of these are readily quantifiable and easilymanipulated experimentally. Red cell deformability, however, is a picturesque concept but is not a quantitatively defined parameter. Clhanges in red cell deformability can only be defined as a residual change in (say) whole blood filterability after all other influencing factors have been quantitatively obviated.
An Efficient Forensic Method for Copy – move Forgery Detection Based on DWT-FWHT

As the increased availability of sophisticated image processing software and the widespread use of Internet, digital images are easy to acquire and manipulate. The authenticity of the received images is becoming more and more important. Copy-move forgery is one of the most common forgery methods. When creating a Copymove forgery, it is often necessary to add or remove important features from an image. To carry out such forensic analysis, various technological instruments have been developed in the literatures. However, most of them are time-consuming. In this paper, a more efficient method is proposed. First, the image size is reduced by Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). Second, the image is divided into overlapping blocks of equal size and, feature of each block is extracted by fast Walsh-Hadamard Transform (FWHT). Duplicated regions are then detected by lexicographically sorting all features of the image blocks. To make the range matching more efficient, multi-hop jump (MHJ) algorithm is using to jump over some the “unnecessary testing blocks” (UTB). Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method not only is able to detect the copy-move forgery accurately but also can reduce the processing time greatly compared with other methods.
Effect of popular takeaway foods on blood glucose levels in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients on intensive insulin therapy

Aims: Intensive insulin therapy (IIT) is the preferred treatment for patients with type 1 diabetes, which requires them to calculate the total number of grams of carbohydrate eaten, but little research has been performed on the effect of mixed meals on blood sugar. We examined the effects of popular takeaway foods on glycaemic response in people with type 1 diabetes.
Mouse zona pellucida genes and glycoproteins

The zona pellucida (ZP) is a thick extracellular coat that surrounds all mammalian eggs. The ZP plays important roles during oogenesis, fertilization, and preimplantation development. The mouse ZP consists of only three glycoproteins, called ZP1, ZP2, and ZP3. All three glycoproteins are essential structural components of the ZP. Additionally, ZP3 serves as a primary sperm receptor and acrosome reaction-inducer, and ZP2 serves as a secondary sperm receptor during fertilization. ZP1, ZP2, and ZP3 are encoded by single-copy genes present on three different chromosomes. The genes are expressed exclusively by mouse oocytes as they grow and the cellular specificity can be ascribed to cis-acting sequences close to the site of transcription initiation and to certain trans-acting factors. Concomitantly, ZP polypeptides are synthesized, modified with N- and O-linked oligosaccharides, secreted, and assembled into crosslinked filaments that exhibit a structural repeat. Nascent ZP glycoproteins are incorporated into large secretory vesicles that fuse with the oocyte plasma membrane and deposit nascent ZP glycoproteins into the innermost layer of the thickening ZP. Each ZP polypeptide possesses several characteristic features, including an N-terminal signal sequence, a ZP domain, a consensus furin cleavage site, and a C-terminal transmembrane domain. The latter is required for assembly of nascent ZP polypeptides into a ZP, cleavage at the consensus furin cleavage site is required for secretion, and the ZP domain supports protein:protein interactions during ZP assembly. At ovulation, when meiotic maturation of oocytes occurs and chromosomes condense into bivalents, expression of the three ZP genes ceases. Using “knockout mice”, in the absence of either ZP2 or ZP3 expression, a ZP fails to assemble around growing oocytes and females are infertile. There is no effect on males. In the absence of ZP1 expression, a disorganized ZP assembles around growing oocytes and females exhibit reduced fertility. These observations are consistent with the current model for ZP structure in which ZP2 and ZP3 form long Z filaments crosslinked by ZP1.
A Review on Pharmacokinetics of Levetiracetam in Neonates.

BACKGROUND Neonatal seizures are the most common clinical manifestation of Central Nervous System (CNS) dysfunction and are associated with various neurological sequelae. There are currently no evidence-based guidelines for the management of neonatal seizures and currently used drugs such as phenobarbital, and phenytoin have limited efficacy and potential toxicities. Newer second line anticonvulsant, levetiracetam, has been used in refractory neonatal seizures despite limited data and off-label use. OBJECTIVE In this review, we will discuss various pharmacological properties of levetiracetam when used in neonatal population. METHODS A PubMed search for MEDLINE was undertaken to look for studies using the terms "Levetiracetam", AND "Neonates" as key words from year 1995 to January 2017. Relevant articles were selected and information was extracted about pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and clinical uses of levetiracetam in neonates. RESULTS Levetiracetam is an active, water-soluble S-enantiomer of racemic pyrrolidine acetamide which exerts its antiepileptic action by binding to the synaptic vesicle protein within the brain. Metabolism of levetiracetam does not include the CYP P450 system and it is mainly eliminated through kidneys after rapid absorption. Also, no significant interactions with other drugs have been identified. Unlike other commonly used antiepileptic drugs, levetiracetam is not bound to plasma proteins, thereby, reducing the chances of toxicity and severe, life threatening side effects have not been reported. In fact, it has been shown to prevent neuro-degeneration after hypoxia/ischemia in rodent models of epilepsy. CONCLUSION Levetiracetam has been emerging as a potential therapeutic option for refractory neonatal convulsions owing to its non-hepatic elimination, linear pharmacokinetics, low protein binding and better safety profile.
Privacy and Anonymity Protection in Computational Grid Services

In computational grid computing, grid nodes spanning over several diverse computing resources belonging to heterogeneous administrative domains form the backbone of Virtual Enterprise [VE]. In order to offer service-on-demand, various service providers, requesters, brokers and administrators collaborate in request-response manner among each other in Service Oriented Virtual Enterprise through service registry, service discovery and service binding mechanisms. Security issues for integrated and collaborative sharing of computing resources across heterogeneous administrative domains are principal concern. At the same time, the privacy and anonymity are also of prime importance while communicating over publicly spanned network like web. The individual service providers or requesters may not reveal their true identity to one another for privacy needs. Also, computational grid services may be required to be availed anonymously within the grid framework to keep the personal sensitive information about the service requester protected. This paper focuses on the protection of privacy and anonymity of grid stakeholders in the service oriented computational grid framework. An extension of onion routing has been used with dynamic token exchange along with protection of privacy and anonymity of individual identity.
Channel Film Thickness Effect of Low-Temperature Polycrystalline-Silicon Thin-Film Transistors

In this paper, the channel-film-thickness effect of low-temperature polycrystalline-Si thin-film transistors (LTPS-TFTs) is investigated. Greater channel film thickness can provide a higher field-effect mobility μFE, rising from 14.33 to 22.33 cm2/ V.s, as the channel film thickness increases from 55 to 120 nm, due to grain-size effect. In addition, varying the channel film thickness of LTPS-TFTs results in different junction leakage current due to the source/drain (S/D) junction area effect. Moreover, the S/D series resistance also significantly increases when the channel film thickness is reduced from 120 to 35 nm, leading to poor field-effect mobility _FE and driving current. Consequently, the optimum channel film thickness for active-matrix liquid-crystal displays may be identified.
Authentication and Sharing Devices Using Social Networks

(TODO: Old, needs to be rewritten.) Securing wireless networks and performing user-friendly seamless wireless authentication are considered mutually conflicting goals. In this paper we describe an architecture that lets typical users easily build a secure wireless network, while allowing user-friendly, seamless and persistent authentication, by making use of user identities and user trust relationships in online social networks.