Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generation of chemically active species by electrical discharges in water

Pulse positive streamer corona discharges in water solution with a different conductivity have been investigated in reactors with the needle-plate and coaxial electrode geometry. A special composite anode was used in the coaxial geometry. With such an anode hundreds of streamers were generated at each voltage pulse. Production of H, O and OH radicals by the discharge was proved by emission spectroscopy and formation of H2O2 and degradation of phenol was demonstrated by chemical methods. Assuming that the broadening of the line profile was caused by the dynamic Stark effect, plasma with an electron density over 1018 cm-3 was generated during the initial phase of voltage pulse in the both reactors in spite of the very different electrode geometry and wave-forms of voltage pulses. Production of OH radicals was most effective at solution conductivity below .
Excited State Proton-Transfer Reactions of Coumarin 4 in Protic Solvents

Excited state 7-hydroxy-4-methyl coumarin (4CUOH) has dual photochemical properties. In water, its neutral form (ROH*) is a strong photoacid and transfers a proton to the solvent with pK* ∼ 0. It is also a strong photobase capable of accepting a proton from some protic solvents or reacting with excess protons in solution. In this study, we measured the rate and dynamics of the reaction of excited state 4CUOH with excess protons in neat monols and water−glycerol solutions. The reaction shows diffusion-controlled reactivity and fits the Smoluchowski model. The reaction can be formulated by the kinetic scheme ROH* + H+ → RO *, where RO * and ROH* are the protonated and neutral forms of the photobase, respectively. Nonexponential decay of the ROH* fluorescence was observed. We analyzed the experimental data within the framework of the diffusive model. The model predicts that the survival probability depends strongly on both the intrinsic rate constant and the mutual diffusion constant.
Sexual Dimorphism of Neonate Eastern Spiny Softshells , Apalone spinrfura spinifera

odor to reach deeper water, the possible lack of a continuous odor trail may hinder the ability of M. temminckii to locate the source. Other predominantly benthic turtles, such as Sternotherus minor and Chel,y,*clro serpentina, may be similarly affected. Though the sample size was too low for statistical analysis, this point is reinforced by the capture of four of the five C. serpentina in traps baited with fish. Unfortunately, the relatively large mesh size used precluded capture of Sternotherus. Trachemys scripta, also considered an opportunistic omnivore (Ernst et al., 1994), was decidedly more attracted by chicken than fish. Basking occupies a great deal of the daily activity cycle of T. scripta (Auth, l9l5), which therefore involves more frequent exposure to the upper, rather than lower, water column. It may be possible that T. scripta is more likely than M. temminckii to smell near-surface odors than those submerged below. Cagle and Chaney (1950) stated, and later Frazer et al.
SCREENING, ISOLATION, OPTIMIZATION AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA NRC-S4 AND INVESTIGATION OF ITS -GLUCOSIDASE PRODUCTION

-glucosidase producing microorganisms are potential sources that can be employed for bioconversion of biomass, agricultural wastes, into biofuels. In this study nine different bacterial strains were isolated from soil and agricultural wastes. The activity was tested by growth in medium supplemented with Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The CMCase positive strains were checked for their ability to produce -glucosidase, then, characterized morphologically, biochemically and genetically identification. Under this condition the efficient -glucosidases producing NRC-S4 was identified genetically by 16s rRNA gene sequence as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and submitted on GenBank with accession number LC455963.1. Phylogenetic tree was determined the relationship of strain NRC-S4 with different strains of genus Pseudomonas spp. Growth medium and nutritional requirements for maximum growth were optimized. Examination of its growth characteristics showed that its optimum growth after 48h. at 40°C, the best carbon source for fermentation was 1% cellobiose, while 2% peptone and ammonium chloride compound were the best nitrogen sources. Also, the initial pH during fermentation was 7, with 1% inoculum size, resulting in a high amount of enzyme. Therefore, the maximum -glucosidase production achieved was 35.23 IU. Conclusion, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain NRC-S4 was identified as a potential -glucosidase producer and the cultural conditions and the nutritional requirements for this strain have been optimized.
The structure and reactivity of chemisorbed aromatics: Spectroscopic studies of benzene on Mo(110)

The reactions of benzene on Mo(110) have been investigated under ultrahigh vacuum conditions using temperature programmed reaction spectroscopy (TPRS), x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and near‐edge x‐ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) measurements. Benzene undergoes competing decomposition and desorption processes during temperature programmed reaction; saturation exposures of C6H6 made at a crystal temperature of 120 K yield a small amount of benzene desorption at 360 K as well as substantial H2 evolution at 400 and 530 K. Additionally, a trio of molecular benzene desorptions attributed to weakly bound and multilayer states is observed below 200 K. Isotopic exchange experiments demonstrate that the 360 K molecular desorption arises from intact chemisorbed benzene. For surface temperatures up to 300 K, carbon 1s photoelectron spectra show only a single photoemission peak at a binding energy of 284.0 eV, attributed to molecular benzene. Above 300 K, increasing amounts of atomic carbon are obser.
Superconductivity in the two-dimensional t-J model at low electron density

The two-dimensional t-J model at low electron densities is unstable against various forms of electron pairing at low enough temperatures. At parameter values J/t<<1, the leading instability, although only at very low temperature, is to p-wave pairing similar to the Hubbard model. At values of J/t>1, an instability against d-wave pairing sets in at a higher temperature as found numerically by Dagotto et al (1993). In addition, at values of J/t>2, which are beyond the threshold for a bound state in the low-electron-density limit, a region of predominantly s-wave pairing is found.
A hybrid partitioning and scheduling technique for branch decoupling

Control hazards caused by conditional branches are one of the biggest obstacles to achieving performance in out-of-order superscalar processors. Branch prediction techniques help alleviate the penalties associated with branch instructions, but still exhibit mis-prediction rates due to their functioning principle. A new paradigm, Branch decoupled architectures, has been proposed as an alternative to reduce branch stalls. This paradigm supported by an accompanying compiler, has a two-execution-unit processor a branch processor and a program processor. A program is decoupled during compile time into two instruction streams and executed on the branch decoupled processor. The objective of the decoupling process is to have the branch processor solve branch conditions and precompute branch target addresses in advance for the program processor. This thesis presents three contributions. An algorithm based on graph bi-partitioning and scheduling, used by the compiler for decoupling the program's instruction stream into two streams is presented. This technique attempts to achieve maximal decoupling and at the same time attempts to reduce interaction between the two streams. Maximal decoupling allows both processors to run as independently as possible thereby extracting maximum benefit from the branch decoupled architecture paradigm. Application of the decoupling algorithm has been shown to result in 48.6% and 38.1% of the instructions on the average being executed on the branch and program processors. Simulations show a performance improvement of 7. 7% and 5.5% on the average for integer and floating point benchmarks respectively. It then presents a toolchain consisting of a compiler, binary utilities (assembler, linker, loader) and associated libraries that has been retargeted to the branch decoupled architecture platform. Finally an overview of an out-of-order execution-driven superscalar processor simulator that has been developed for simulating the branch decoupled architecture is presented.
Parentage of Merlot and related winegrape cultivars of southwestern France: discovery of the missing link

Background and Aims: Based on parentage analysis of a large nuclear simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker database of grapevine genotypes, we propose the pedigree of several cultivars from southwestern France including Merlot, one of the world's major black winegrapes. Methods and Results: The putative mother of Merlot, deduced from inheritance at 55 nuclear and three chloroplast microsatellite loci, is a non-referenced and previously unknown cultivar, first sampled some years ago in northern Brittany where vines were cultivated at the end of the Middle Ages, and then identified in four places in Charentes. Considering both the name used by the growers of this grape and the literature, we have named it Magdeleine Noire des Charentes. The putative father of Merlot is Cabernet Franc, already involved in the parentage of Cabernet-Sauvignon. Further analysis of genetic relationships leads us to propose the kinship group of Merlot composed, among others, of Carmenere (Gros Cabernet × Cabernet Franc), Merlot Blanc (Merlot × Folle Blanche), Cot (Magdeleine Noire des Charentes × Prunelard) and Mourtes (Magdeleine Noire des Charentes × Penouille). Conclusions: These results shed new light on the origin of Merlot and on the relationships among several cultivars from southwestern France. Significance of the Study: Our discovery of the key genetic role of a previously unknown cultivar in the origins of some significant cultivars reinforces the importance of deep exploration, before it is too late, to discover original genotypes which have not yet been collected or referenced.
Catalytic synthesis and structural characteristics of high-quality tetrapod-like ZnO nanocrystals by a modified vapor transport process

High-quality tetrapod-like ZnO (T-ZnO) nanocrystals were synthesized by a modified vapor transport process. NiO nanocrystals were prepared on a Si substrate as a catalyst. High-yield zinc vapor was produced by a carbothermal reduction of zinc carbonate to promote the synthesis of T-ZnO nanocrystals. The as-grown T-ZnO nanocrystals are assembled by four hexagonal prismatic nanorods, whose diameters and lengths are 80−100 and 600−1000 nm, respectively. In the center of a T-ZnO nanocrystal, a tetrahedral core and several irregular patches were found among the nanorods. As a whole, T-ZnO nanocrystals are preferentially arranged along the 〈001〉 direction of ZnO. The photoluminescence spectrum of T-ZnO nanocrystals showed two emission bands, a strong ultraviolet emission at around 390 nm and a weak blue emission at 440 nm. The green light emission that is related to the existence of the defects in ZnO crystals cannot be distinguished. It implies that the high crystal integrity of T-ZnO nanocrystals has been obt.
Compatible and crystallization properties of poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) blends

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) properties of poly(lactic acid)/ poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PLA/PBAT) specimens suggest that only small amounts of poor PLA and/or PBAT crystals are present in their corresponding melt crystallized specimens. In fact, the percentage crystallinity, peak melting temperature and onset re-crystallization temperature values of PLA/PBAT specimens reduce gradually as their PBAT contents increase. However, the glass transition temperatures of PLA molecules found by DSC and DMA analysis reduce to the minimum value as the PBAT contents of PLAxPBATy specimens reach 2.5 wt %. Further morphological and DMA analysis of PLA/PBAT specimens reveal that PBAT molecules are miscible with PLA molecules at PBAT contents equal to or less than 2.5 wt %, since no distinguished phase-separated PBAT droplets and tan δ transitions were found on fracture surfaces and tan δ curves of PLA/PBAT specimens, respectively. In contrast to PLA, the PBAT specimen exhibits highly deformable properties. After blending proper amounts of PBAT in PLA, the inherent brittle deformation behavior of PLA was successfully improved. Possible reasons accounting for these interesting crystallization, compatible and tensile properties of PLA/PBAT specimens are proposed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
DNA/RNA: Building Blocks of Life Under UV Irradiation

During the last 10 years, intense experimental and theoretical work has proven the existence of ultrafast nonradiative decay routes for UV-excited monomeric nucleic acid bases, accounting for their high photostability. This mechanism has been explained by the occurrence of easily accessible conical intersections connecting the first excited ππ* state with the ground state. However, recent studies of substituent and solvent effects indicate that the situation is more complicated than what was initially thought, notably by the presence of dark excited states. Moreover, the actual shape of the excited-state potential energy surface may induce nonexponential dynamics. Further efforts are needed in order to clarify how various environmental factors affect the structural and dynamical aspects of the nucleic acid base excited states.
Ecological Notes on Feral Populations of Trachemys scripta elegans in Northern Taiwan TrEN-Hsl CHBNI

EURHRRT, L.M. 1983. Marine tuftles of the Indian River lagoon system. Florida Sci. 46: 337 -346. LRrHRv, R. 1969. Sea turtles recorded in the Southold Township region of Long Island. Engelhardtia 2(I):7 . MEyr-nN, A.B. 1986. Riddle of the ridleys. Nat. Hist. 95(l l):90-96. MEyr-nN, A. , AND Snnove, S. 1986. Cold-stunning in Long Island Sound, New York. Marine Turtle Newsletter 37:7-8. MonnEnLe, S.J., MEyLAN, A. , RNo BnuvnilN, B. 1989. Sea turtles in Long Island Sound, New York: an historical perspective. In: Eckert, S.A. , Eckert, K.L. , andRichardson, T.H. (compilers). Proc. 9th Ann. Workshop Sea Turt. Conserv. Biol. NOAA Tech. Mem. NMFS-SEFC 232:l0l -l I 0. MunpHv, R.C. 1916. Long Island turtles. Copeia l9l6:56-60. WnHEnrNGroN, B.E. , AND EHnHnnr, L.M. 1985. Hypotherrnic stunning of marine turtles in Florida east-coast lagoons in January 1985: a comparison with two previous cold-stunning episodes. Absffacts SSAR/I{erp. Irague Meetrng,4-9 August 1985, Tampa, FL. WrrHEnrNGroN, 8.E. , AND EHnHnnr, L.M. 1989. Hypothermic stunning and mortality of marine tuftles in the Indian River Lagoon System, Florida. Copeia 1989:696-7 03.
A MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MODEL FOR CONTROLLING KNOCK-ON RISK INSIDE CHEMICAL PLANTS

The amplification of accident consequences should be deeply considered in risk assessment studies carried out at chemical plants where the European Union's Major Accident Hazard (MAH) legislation is enforced. Several approaches have been discussed and applied to evaluate external domino effects (i.e., where damage areas affect external areas): these approaches are traditionally based on analytical models that are usually time-consuming due to both the large amount of information required and the inherent complexity characterizing analytical models. On the other hand, if accident consequences are located within establishment boundaries—the so called knock-on effect—the application of these models would be not suitable as they are characterized by high complexity. This article proposes an effective and fast approach for evaluating the most efficient actions to prevent internal knock-on risks by a structured approach: the model aims to support the competent authority for evaluating both technical and procedural control measures in chemical installations. A multi-criteria decision method, based on Saaty's Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), has been proposed. The model structure has been developed starting from the well-known Mond index; moreover, it evaluates several criteria, including equipment and plant vulnerability. The proposed model has been tested in a real case study regarding a chemical warehouse.
Millimeter‐wave spectroscopy of MgF: Structure and bonding in alkaline–earth monofluoride radicals

The pure rotational spectrum of the MgF radical in its ground electronic state (X 2Σ+) has been recorded using millimeter/submillimeter direct absorption techniques. Transitions arising from the v=0, 1, 2, and 3 vibrational modes of the main magnesium isotopic species, 24MgF, have been observed. In addition, spectra of the isotopomers 26MgF and 25MgF in the natural abundances of magnesium have been detected. Rotational and fine structure constants have been determined for these species, as well as hyperfine parameters for the fluorine nucleus (I=1/2). For 25MgF, the hyperfine structure was also resolved arising from the magnesium nucleus, which has I=5/2, yielding the 25Mg hyperfine and quadrupole constants. Comparison of these hyperfine parameters with those of the heavier alkaline–earth monofluorides and the free 25Mg+ atom suggests that there is an increase in covalent bonding in MgF vs its heavier fluoride counterparts. This behavior is also apparent in the hybridization of the wave function of the un.
Current progress on the modification of carbon nanotubes and their application in electromagnetic wave absorption

In modern times, with the rapid development of technology, science and economy, applications of electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption in both commercial and military fields have increased. Meanwhile, the problems brought by EM wave absorption have gradually become obvious, such as signal interference, back-radiation of microstrip radiators and so on. Furthermore, the impact of EM wave radiation on human health has also attracted much public attention. In this regard, the application of EM wave absorbing materials has become a focus of current research. Due to their unique chemical, physical, and mechanical properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), through certain modifications for light mass, wide range and strong absorption, have great potential to be used as excellent EM wave absorbents. This review highlights recent research into the modification of CNTs, with special emphasis on their EM wave absorbing ability.
Detection of amyloid-beta at different stages of fibrillization using a cantilever-based liposome biosensor

This paper reports a new approach for label-free detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-causative agent, namely amyloid-beta protein (Aβ). We selected Aβ(1-40) as a target for detection using a straingauge cantilever-based biosensor with liposomes as sensing biomolecules immobilized on the cantilever surface. The Aβ(1-40) proteins at different stages of fibrillization process were prepared and detected, respectively. The result shows that characteristic of chronological change of the gauge resistance depends on the aggregation state of Aβ(1-40). Then time course of dynamic behaviour of Aβ(1-40) on liposome was investigated. The result clearly exhibits the fibrillization process of Aβ(1-40) on lipid membrane.
Experimental Staggered-Source and N+ Pocket-Doped Channel III–V Tunnel Field-Effect Transistors and Their Scalabilities

In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate 100% enhancement in drive current (ION) over In0.53Ga0. 47As n-channel homojunction tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET) by replacing In0.53Ga0. 47As source with a moderately staggered and lattice-matched GaAs0.5Sb0. 5. The enhancement is also compared with In0.53Ga0. 47As N+ pocket (δ)-doped channel homojunction TFET. Utilizing calibrated numerical simulations, we extract the effective scaling length (λeff) for the double gate, thin-body configuration of the staggered heterojunction and δ-doped channel TFETs. The extracted λeff is shown to be lower than the geometrical scaling length, particularly in the highly staggered-source heterojunction TFET due to the reduced channel side component of the tunnel junction width, resulting in improved device scalability.
Deficiency of the Coulomb-field approximation in the generalized Born model: An improved formula for Born radii evaluation

The weaknesses of the widely used Coulomb-field (CF) approximation in the generalized Born model are discussed from the standpoint of the Kirkwood model of biopolymer electrostatics. It is shown that the effective Born radii are overestimated by up to a factor of 2 because of the CF approximation. The problem is made worse by the fact that these critical parameters are used not only to model the self-contributions to the free enthalpy of solvation but they also appear in the analytical function for a pairwise contribution. A new simple formula for the effective Born radii evaluation overcoming some limits of the CF approximation is proposed and then tested on a model of a biopolymer with nonspherical symmetry. Some conclusions regarding the pairwise contribution are also formulated.
Meditation as an Alternative State of Consciousness

This paper provides an analysis of meditation as a new way of managing stress, tension and crisis. Contemporary psychology of mediation has gained worldwide significance and acceptance to seek solace and solutions for modern problems. Originally mediation was meant to help deepen understanding of the mystical and sacred forces of life. But, these days, it is commonly used for relaxation and stress reduction. Meditation is a practice of concentrated focus upon a sound, object, visualization or attention itself in order to increase awareness of the present moment and enhance personal and spiritual growth. It is an altered state of consciousness or altered state of mind, which is a temporary change in one’s normal mental state without being considered unconscious. Meditation provides a way for personal empowerment to become more in control of one’s thinking, emotions and behaviour. Therefore, as per the perspective of modern psychology, meditative practices hold utmost significance in augmenting the understanding of mind-body relationship.