Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF HIFU-RELEVANT RATES OF HEATING ON THE GROWTH AND DISSOLUTION OF NUCLEI AVAILABLE FOR INERTIAL CA VITATION

A theoretical model is sought to explain recent experimental results which have shown the sudden onset of inertial cavitation after a significant period of ultrasound insonation. It is thought that there initially exists a population of bubbles with sub-optimal radii for inertial cavitation, which grow during the insonation period to become nuclei within the optimal size range to cavitate inertially. Rectified diffusion during bubble oscillation, and the changes in the bubble nucleation environment and their subsequent dynamics caused by ultrasonic heating, are amongst the mechanisms that could be responsible for nuclei growth. In this work, the effects of elevating the temperature of the medium surrounding a bubble, resulting in higher vapour pressures and decreased solubility of gas in the bulk medium, is investigated. A single bubble model is formulated by coupling a numerical solution of the mass diffusion PDE and the Rayleigh-Plesset Equation, taking into account temperature dependence of surface tension, vapour pressure, Henry’s constant and diffusion coefficient. It is shown that an increase in the temperature at HIFU-relevant heating rates is on its own not sufficient to increase the radii of sub-optimal bubbles into the optimal range for inertial cavitation to take place.
ECPGR recommended simple sequence repeat loci for analyses of European plum (Prunus domestica) collections

: A set of nine Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) loci, approved by the ECPGR Prunus working group, are proposed as a standard set for genotyping European plum accessions. These loci show sufﬁcient reliability in spite of problems caused by hexaploidy. Polymorphism in the loci is high and enables differentiation between unique plum accessions as well as analyses of genetic grouping and overall genetic structure. A set of seven reference accessions are described. A compiled dataset with allelic information for 165 accessions is presented. Genetic structure reveals three different K-values (2, 4 and 9) demonstrating a major dichotomy between Prunus insititia -related accessions and cultivars belonging to Prunus domestica sensu stricto, as well as differentiation among minor subgroups deﬁned by pomological traits and geographical origin
Some combinatorial results on matrices and polynomials

OF THE DISSERTATION Some Combinatorial Results on Matrices and Polynomials By JUSTIN SEMONSEN Dissertation Director: Swastik Kopparty This thesis studies three problems in combinatorics that concern matrices and polynomials. The first problem refines a technique by Scheinerman [24] to get an improved upper bound on the determinants of n×n 0-1 matrices with k ones in each row. Our new bound uses linear programming techniques to analyze a greedy decomposition algorithm, show how it improves on previous methods, and determine its asymptotic behavior as a function of k. We also present and analyze an improvement to this method, as well as the limitations and other possibilities of using this technique. The second problem analyzes the supports of F2 polynomials on n variables in Hamming balls, and proves an optimal Schwartz-Zippel-like bound. We then use methods based on those of Kasami and Tokura [11], [12] to find and classify all tight polynomials for this bound. Our result is based on studying necessary conditions for ”division lemmas” for polynomials. The third result studies sets of points in F2 for which the sum of any F2 polynomial of degree d on those points is 0. We prove that for d ≥ 2, we have that the size of the set must at least twice the affine dimension of the set. For larger d, we can show the size of the set must be a constant amount larger than twice the affine dimension, but we conjecture that this can be improved to 2 d+1 d+2 times the affine dimension of the set. We
Improved Question Answering using Domain Prediction

Question Answering over Knowledge Graphs has mainly utilised the mentioned entity and the relation to predict the answer. However, a key piece of contextual information that is missing in these approaches is the knowledge of the broad domain (such as sports or music) to which the answer belongs. The current paper proposes to infer the domain of the answer via a pre-trained BERT [10] Classification Model, and utilize the inferred domain as an additional input to yield state-of-the-art performance for single-relation (Sim-pleQuestions) and multi-relation (WebQSP) Question Answering bench-marks. We employ a triple input Siamese network architecture that learns to predict the semantic similarity between the question, the inferred domain, and the relation.
How much you talk matters: cheap talk and collusion in a Bertrand oligopoly game

This study investigates the impact of cheap talk on price in a repeated Bertrand oligopoly experiment. Each participant plays 20 rounds. Participants are placed in three-person bidding groups where the lowest bid wins. During the first 10 rounds, participants are not allowed to communicate with each other. All three-person groups converged to the zero-profit equilibrium in the first 10 periods. We then play another 10 rounds where participants can text with one another using an instant message system. Some groups were allowed to text before every round, some to text before every other round, some to text every third round, some to text every fourth round, and some to text only every fifth round. When texting is allowed, All groups attempt to collude to raise the price after being allowed to text, but the only groups who can maintain the higher price and converge over time to the joint-profit maximum are the groups who can text before every period. Hence, cheap talk is only effective when subjects can continuously monitor or converse.
03 02 52 7 v 1 2 5 Fe b 20 03 Diffusion in supersonic , turbulent , compressible flows

We investigate diffusion in supersonic, turbulent, compressible flows. Supersonic turbulence can be characterized as network of interacting shocks. We consider flows with different rms Mach numbers and where energy necessary to maintain dynamical equilibrium is inserted at different spatial scales. We find that turbulent transport exhibits super-diffusive behavior due to induced bulk motions. In a comoving reference frame, however, diffusion behaves normal and can be described by mixing length theory extended into the supersonic regime. (Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. E)
Modeling the reliability of the Freiburg monosyllabic speech test in quiet with the Poisson binomial distribution. Does the Freiburg monosyllabic speech test contain 29 words per list?

Every speech test can be modeled as a Bernoulli experiment; this also applies to the Freiburg monosyllabic speech test. The model enables a Inga Holube Alexandra Winkler quantitative calculation of the reliability based on the binomial distribuRalph Nolte-Holube tion. Generally, the same probability is assumed for the recognition of each test word. Since the recognition of words within test lists of the Freiburg monosyllabic speech test differs, modeling with the Poisson 1 Institute of Hearing Technology and Audiology, binomial distribution is reasonable, and results in a narrower confidence interval than the simple binomial distribution. The variance of the Jade University of Applied Poisson binomial distribution for test lists of the Freiburg monosyllabic Sciences, Oldenburg, Germany speech test with 20 words can be approximated using the variance of the simple binomial distribution based on test lists with 29 equally-recognizable words. 2 Cluster of Excellence “Hearing4All”, Oldenburg, Germany
Ensemble Classiﬁcation via Kernel-PCA Dimensionality Reduction

Over the last few decades, memory storage, data gathering, and computational capabilities have been signiﬁcantly improved. Machine learning algorithms had to evolve to handle large quantities of data in a high dimension. Ensemble methods are learning algorithms that construct a set of classiﬁers whose predictions are combined, usually by voting or an averaged weighting scheme, when classifying new instances. In this paper, we describe a new ensemble classiﬁcation algorithm, based on Kernel PCA. First, we reduce the dimension by Kernel PCA, in order to make use of the dimensionality reduction beneﬁts, and to achieve the required diversity for the ensemble construction. Second, we train the ensemble members based on the dimension reduced data. Test samples are classiﬁed by ﬁrst embedding them into the dimension reduced spaces of the ensemble members and then applying the ensemble members to the embedded sample.
Optimisation of a thermal desorption–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method for the analysis of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and diterpenes

Abstract. In this study, a thermal desorption–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (TD–GC–MS) method following sorbent tube sampling was developed for the determination of monoterpenes (MTs), sesquiterpenes (SQTs) and diterpenes (DTs) in gas-phase samples. The analytical figures of merit were determined, and the method performance was tested by conducting experiments related to, for example, sampling recovery, storage stability and ozone reactivity. The limit-of-quantification values were 13–518 pg (0.5–9.3 pptv), intermediate precision was in the range of 3 %–10 % and the expanded measurement uncertainty was in the range of 16 %–55 % for terpenes. The sampling recoveries of terpenes were approximately within 100±20 % with different inlet lines (15 m long Teflon and 1 m long heated stainless steel) and branch enclosure cuvette (6 L Teflon bag) tested. Ozone is an important factor causing losses of the studied compounds during sampling. Therefore, losses of terpenes upon ozone exposure were studied and the reaction rate coefficients were estimated. The ozone reaction rate coefficient (kO3) of ent-kaurene was experimentally estimated to be 2 orders of magnitude greater than the respective literature kO3 value, demonstrating the potential underestimation of DT contribution to atmospheric reactivity. The preliminary comparison between offline- and online-mode TD–GC–MS sampling and analysis revealed that diterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes are lost in excessive amounts in online-mode sampling, hindering the online-mode applicability for the quantitative analysis of these compounds. A few applications to real samples were tested to identify DTs potentially emitted by boreal forest tree species. In dynamic headspace samples of pine needles and spruce twigs heated to 60 ∘C, five DTs and 13 DTs could be detected in emissions, respectively. The semi-quantitatively estimated emission rates of DTs were roughly 1 to 3 orders of magnitude lower than those of MTs and SQTs. Similarly, in spruce branch enclosure emissions from a living tree, six DTs were detected once the enclosure was heated to ca. 60 ∘C. In summary, the developed analytical procedure was demonstrated to be applicable for the analysis of MTs, SQTs and DTs. In addition, DTs could be detected in needles, twigs and branch enclosure emissions; however, high temperatures were required to promote the emissions and for obtaining detectable concentrations.
A Comparison of Information Technology Mediated Customer Services Between the U.S. and China

Information technology mediated customer service is a reality of the 21 century. More and more companies have moved their customer services from in store and in person to online through computer or mobile devices. Using 442 responses collected from one USA university (234 responses) and two Chinese universities (208 responses), the study investigates customer preferences over two service delivery models (either in store or online) on five types of purchasing (retail, eating-out, banking, travel and entertainment) and their perception difference in customer service quality between those two delivery models in the U.S. and China. The results show that the majority of the U.S. and Chinese students prefer in-store and in person for eating out and prefer computer/mobile devices for ordering tickets for travel and entertainment. In addition, more than half of the U.S. students prefer in person services for retail and banking, and this number reduces to 40% for Chinese students. In most customer service quality measurements, the results also show that Chinese students give higher ratings for ordering through a computer/mobile device than ordering in store, indicating ordering through computer/mobile devices has become more acceptable in China and has been perceived as having better customer services quality than in-store ordering.
Results on hyperbolicity in graphs: a survey

Abstract Let X be a geodesic metric space, and take x1, x2, x3 ∈ X. A geodesic triangle T = {x1, x2, x3} is the union of the three geodesics [x1x2], [x2x3] and [x3x1] in X. The space X is said to be δ-hyperbolic (in the Gromov sense) if any side of T is contained in a δ-neighborhood of the union of the two other sides, for every geodesic triangle T in X. If X is hyperbolic, we denote by δ(X) the sharp hyperbolicity constant of X, that is, δ(X) := sup{δ(T ) : T is a geodesic triangle in X }. In this paper, we collect some of the main theoretical results on the hyperbolicity constant in graphs.
High-speed Traﬃc Generation

In recent years, the overall Internet traﬃc has been increasing considerably, along with a constantly rising number of connected devices, but mostly due to the usage paradigm shifting towards larger utilization of video streaming services and conference calls. Commodity hardware manufacturers managed to keep up with this trend, as nowadays standard servers can support multiple 40Gbps and 100Gbps Ethernet Interfaces. This paves the way for the development of applications and devices which run at very high bandwiths, such as routers and switches but also ﬁrewalls, proxies or packet-inspection tools. These appliances then require extensive testing before deployment, and this is a typical use-case where a high-speed traﬃc generator comes in handy. This thesis analyses and compares software-based solutions for Internet traﬃc generation that can cope with these extremely high bandwidths. We will introduce the Data Plane Development Kit (DPDK), which is the technology enabler for these tools to be able to process Internet packets at such high speeds. One of the traﬃc generators that we tested, Moongen, manages to saturate a 10Gbps glass-ﬁber link with 60 byte sized Ethernet packets by utilizing a single CPU core, which would be unimaginable even to think of for a standard Linux program.
The Moisture Budget of Tropical Cyclones in HighResMIP Models: Large-Scale Environmental Balance and Sensitivity to Horizontal Resolution

Previous studies have shown that the number, intensity, and structure of simulated tropical cyclones (TCs) in climate models get closer to the observations as the horizontal resolution is increased. However, the sensitivity of tropical cyclone precipitation and moisture budget to changes in resolution has received less attention. In this study, we use the five-model ensemble from project PRIMAVERA/HighResMIP to investigate the systematic changes of the water budget of tropical cyclones in a range of horizontal resolutions from 1° to 0.25°. Our results show that, despite a large change in the distribution of TC intensity with resolution, the distribution of precipitation per TC (i.e., averaged in a 5° radial cap) does not change significantly. This result is explained by the fact that low- and high-resolution models represent equally well the large-scale balance that characterizes the moisture budget of TCs, with the radius of the moisture source extending to ~15° from the center of the TC (i.e. well beyond the TC edge). The wind profile is found to converge in the low and high resolutions for radii > 5°, resulting in a moisture flux convergence into the TC of similar magnitude at low and high resolutions. In contrast to precipitation per TC, TC intensity does increase at higher resolution and this is explained by the larger surface latent heat flux near the center of the storm, which leads to an increase in equivalent potential temperature and warmer core anomalies, although this extra latent heat represents a negligible contribution to the overall moisture budget. We discuss the complication arising from the choice of the tracking algorithm when assessing the impact of model resolution.
Comparison of the modified Wiltse's approach with spinal minimally invasive system and traditional approach for the therapy of thoracolumbar fracture

Thoracolumbar fractures are usually treated by open posterior pedicle screw fixation. However, this procedure involves massive paraspinal muscle stripping, inflicting surgical trauma, and prolonged X-ray exposure. In this study, we observed 127 patients with single-segment injury thoracolumbar fractures. Thirty-six patients were treated by the modified Wiltse's paraspinal approach with minimally invasive channel system, while 91 patients were treated via traditional posterior approach. Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency, screw placement accuracy, visual analogue scale score, and Cobb's angle of two groups were compared. The X-ray exposure times were notably reduced (4.2±1.6) in the new approach group (P<0.05). The pedicle screw placement accuracy and Cobb's angle after surgery were similar in the two groups. We conclude that modified Wiltse's paraspinal approach with spinal minimally invasive channel system surgery can significantly reduce the X-ray exposure times and is an alternative therapy for the thoracolumbar fracture.
Using the Statistical Features of the Data to Detect Potential Failure of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

The Unmanned Aerial Vehicle is one of the most complex systems ever developed. Its complexity raises the chances of its failure. This paper focuses on predicting the potential failure of the UAV using the collected data from its previous missions. The collected data consist of discrete and continuous attributes. The proposed approach helps in determining the abnormal flights, and the contribution of the attributes in the potential faults. The values of the attributes are analyzed using some statistical parameters. The selected parameters are {Mean, Variance, Standard deviation, Kurtosis, Skewness, Minimum, and Maximum}. These parameters are used to build feature datasets to characterize the performed flights. Next, two algorithms can be used to extract the anomalies from the feature datasets. The used algorithms are the Principal Components Analysis-based anomaly detector and the One-Cluster K-Means. The conducted experiments showed that our approach is practical for detecting the faults and the contributed attributes using either discrete or continuous data.
Radical Generation and Cell Cycle Arrest by an Aqueous Extract of Thunbergia Laurifolia Linn. in Human Breast Cancer Cells

The efficacy of polyphenols for cancer treatment has emerged as alternative to pharmacological agents in recent years. Thunbergia Laurifolia Linn. (TL) is a medium sized climbing plant of the family Acanthaceae usually found in moist and gallery evergreen areas. It is commonly known as Babbler’s Bill Leaf or Laurel Clock Vine or Rang Chuet in Thai. TL has long been described in Thai traditional medicine for its mitigation against various conditions such as fever, food poisoning, drug addiction, insecticide poisoning, infammation, and various chronic diseases including cancer. Dry powder capsules, herbal teas, and instant teas are available in the market for consumer convenience. Most studies on TL have been conducted on phytochemical profiles and in animals to determine its physiological responses and pharmacological effects. Aqueous, ethanolic, and organic solvent-extracts of
Mutual-Care: Users will love their imperfect social assistive robots

Would a user develop more affection towards her robot when it behaves rather like a clumsy dog or a perfect butler servant? In our quest for more acce ptance of social assistive robots we define a new idea called Mutual-Care that looks into social and psychological explanations of user behaviour and defines new roles for the robot as well as the user. We present the conceptual derivation and work in process to implement this paradigm in order to study the new roles for user and robot.
A European Academy of Neurology guideline on medical management issues in dementia

Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK; Memory Clinic, University Hospital of Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Zentralinstitut f€ ur Seelische Gesundheit Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Alzheimer Europe, Luxemburg, Luxembourg; Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Impairments, University Medical Center Ljubljana, and Medical faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Sk ane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malm€ o, Sweden; Queens University, Belfast, UK; Epilepsy Centre, King’s College NHS Foundation Trust, King ́s College London, London, UK; Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Theme Aging, Huddinge, Sweden; University Clinic for Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Medical Faculty, Neurology clinic CCS, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, CHLNorte-Hospital de Santa Maria, IMM, ISAMB, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum, Solna, Sweden
Physicochemical characteristics of Bambara groundnut dietary fibres extracted using wet milling

The objectives of this study were to extract soluble and insoluble dietary fibres from four Bambara groundnut (BGN) varieties (black-eye, brown-eye, brown and red) using the wet milling method and evaluate their physicochemical properties. The swelling capacities of brown-eye (6.5 g/mL) and black-eye (6.2 g/mL) fibres were higher (p≤0.05) than those of red (6.0 g/mL) and brown (5.5 g/mL) fibres while the water holding capacities of black-eye and brown-eye fibres (2.84 g and 2.83 g water/g sample) were higher (p≤0.05) than those of brown and red fibres. The bulk densities of insoluble dietary fibres (IDFs) and soluble dietary fibres (SDFs) ranged between 0.57 g/mL (red) to 0.67 g/mL (brown-eye) and 0.46 g/mL (brown-eye) to 0.57 g/mL (black-eye), respectively. The oil binding capacities (OBCs) of SDFs ranged between 2.78 g oil/g sample (brown) and 4.03 g oil/g sample (brown-eye) while the OBC of all IDFs did not differ (p>0.05), ranging between 1.52 g oil/g sample (brown) and 1.40 g oil/g sample (brown-eye and black-eye). Black-eye and brown-eye dietary fibres had higher phenolic and total sugar content. The findings of this study indicate the potential of BGN fibres in food systems as fat replacers, emulsion stabilisers, water binders, bulking agents, thickeners and nutritional additives.
Geometric Proofs of the Complementary Chords Theorems

The Common Tones Theorem for Transposition [14, p. 108] is used to provide a simple geometric proof of the Complementary Chords Theorem [12, p. 74] of Mathematical Music Theory. Then, the Common Tones Theorem for Inversion [17, pp. 83-85] is used to prove a new Complementary Chords Theorem for Inversion.