Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Protocol for the primary colon and rectum carcinoma specimen examination

The College of American Pathologists offerd protocol to assist pathologists in providing clinically useful and relevant information when reporting results of colon cancer surgical specimen examination. These recommendations are accepted by Croatian Society of Pathology and forensic medicine, were published and recommended for evary-day pathologists work. These protocols are an educational tool to assist pathologists in the useful reporting of relevant information and applies to all primary carcinomas of the colon and rectum. Currently, the seventh edition TNM staging system for carcinoma of the colon and rectum of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and the International Union Against Cancer (UICC) is recommended.
The neuromuscular blocking effect of Org 9426

Org 9426, a new steroidal non‐depolarising muscle relaxant, which is stable in solution, was studied in 30 anaesthetised (thiopentone, fentanyl, nitrous oxide) male patients, ASA 1 or 2. A dose‐response curve for Org 9426 was constructed and the ED90, mean (SD), was found to be 0.36 (0.031) mg/kg. The onset of action was 3.8 (1.8) minutes, the clinical duration 17.4 (3.2) minutes, the total duration of action 31.9 (6.2) minutes and the recovery time 9.96 (3.2) minutes. No signs of histamine release or cardiovascular effects were observed. Org 9426 thus has a faster onset of action than vecuronium bromide or atracurium dibesylate.
Prostate inflammation and its potential impact on prostate cancer: A current review

Recent studies have identified a role for inflammation in the development and progression of several cancers, such as liver, stomach and the large intestine. Data from several studies has shown correlations between soluble inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. However, a direct relationship between inflammation and prostate cancer has yet to be identified. Two major hurdles currently exist which limit the study of this relationship are first that animal models available for studying prostate inflammation are lmited, and secondly that relatively little is known about the inflammatory response in the prostate. Here we first review the data demonstrating a correlation between inflammation and prostate cancer as well as review what is currently known about the inflammatory response in the prostate and the impact this inflammation has on the prostate tissue. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 1344–1353, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The advertising creative process: insights from the Brazilian ad industry

Esta investigacion busca verificar y explorar el alejamiento entre la academia y la industria publicitaria. Mas alla de esto, intenta confirmar si estas dos realidades comparten conocimiento comun en algun punto. Esto se logra mediante la estructuracion de nuestra investigacion en dos partes diferentes, una con un enfoque teorico y la otra desde un punto de vista practico. La primera parte esta hecha a traves de la definicion de los conceptos basicos y de la revision de 30 modelos diferentes del proceso creativo. Los primeros 15 se clasifican como modelos clasicos, normalmente cubriendo el proceso creativo como etapas a seguir. Los otro 15 son modelos cognitivos y dicen respecto a los subprocesos implicados en el proceso de crear algo. La segunda parte aborda el proceso creativo publicitario a traves de los ojos de los profesionales de la industria. Se realizo una investigacion cualitativa basada en la teoria fundamentada haciendo uso o entrevistas en profundidad con 16 creativos de alto nivel de las agencias mas grandes de Brasil. El objetivo fue verificar si los profesionales comprenden sus procesos creativos y como lo hacen. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas, transcritas y codificadas. Los resultados emergieron del analisis de datos y se los compararon con el marco teorico propuesto en la primera parte de la investigacion.
Using Attack and Protection Trees to Analyze Threats and Defenses to Homeland Security

Attacks against computer networks are a serious threat and occur quite often. Currently there are methods using attack trees that can be used to model how these attacks may occur. We have extended this concept to a new tree structure called a protection tree as a tool for decision makers to allocate limited resources towards the appropriate defenses against a specified attack. Protection trees ensure these limited resources are used in a manner to achieve the highest probability of success in stopping an attack. Protection trees are produced systematically by first developing an attack tree, computing metrics for each node of an attack, and then developing a corresponding protection tree with similar metrics. Eventually, libraries of attacks and available protections can be used to automate the process of developing the trees. An example attack and protection tree is used to notionally show how an organization such as the department of homeland security can allocate resources to protect their computer networks from being compromised. Decision makers in the organization can use the resultant protection tree to determine where to allocate limited resources for the best protection of their network
Effect of ESD Layout on the Assembly Yield and Reliability

The paper investigated the thin film stress effect on the wire-bond assembly yield and reliability. ESD layouts that utilize the bond pad area increase the thermomechanical stress of the thin-films in the pad area and affect the assembly. Experimental data on products with different metal layout designs are compared to characterize the assembly yield and reliability performance. A computer finite element mechanical stress analysis is also conducted to quantify the interaction of pad design with the assembly. Experimental data and simulation showed a good correlation between the metal layout and the assembly yield and reliability. A degradation model is proposed with the support of detail failure analysis. A robust design solution is suggested to reduce the mechanical stress and improve the assembly yield and reliability
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in Vicia faba L. Landraces and Wild Related Species Assessed by Nuclear SSRs

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a facultative cross-pollinating legume crop with a great importance for food and feed due to its high protein content as well as the important role in soil fertility and nitrogen fixation. In this work we evaluated genetic diversity and population structure of faba bean accessions from the Western Mediterranean basin and wild related species. For that purpose we screened 53 V. faba, 2 V. johannis and 7 V. narbonensis accessions from Portugal, Spain and Morocco with 28 faba bean Single Sequence Repeats (SSR). SSR genotyping showed that the number of alleles detected per locus for the polymorphic markers ranged between 2 and 10, with Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) values between 0.662 and 0.071, and heterozygosity (HO) between 0–0.467. Heterozygosity and inbreeding coefficient levels indicate a higher level of inbreeding in wild related species than in cultivated Vicia. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed a superior genetic diversity within accessions than between accessions even from distant regions. These results are in accordance to population structure analysis showing that individuals from the same accession can be genetically more similar to individuals from far away accessions, than from individuals from the same accession. In all three levels of analysis (whole panel of cultivated and wild accessions, cultivated faba bean accessions and Portuguese accessions) no population structure was observed based on geography or climatic factors. Differences between V. narbonensis and V. johannis are undetectable although these wild taxa are clearly distinct from V. faba accessions. Thus, a limited gene flow occurred between cultivated accessions and wild relatives. Contrastingly, the lack of population structure seems to indicate a high degree of gene flow between V. faba accessions, possibly explained by the partially allogamous habit in association with frequent seed exchange/introduction.
Prism: a proxy architecture for datacenter networks

In datacenters, workload throughput is often constrained by the attachment bandwidth of proxy servers, despite the much higher aggregate bandwidth of backend servers. We introduce a novel architecture that addresses this problem by combining programmable network switches with a controller that together act as a network "Prism" that can transparently redirect individual client transactions to different backend servers. Unlike traditional proxy approaches, with Prism, transaction payload data is exchanged directly between clients and backend servers, which eliminates the proxy bottleneck. Because the controller only handles transactional metadata, it should scale to much higher transaction rates than traditional proxies. An experimental evaluation with a prototype implementation demonstrates correctness of operation, improved bandwidth utilization and low packet transformation overheads even in software.
Outcomes of Geriatric Burns Treated as Outpatients

Objective Most literature about geriatric burns has focused on inpatient management; therefore, our study investigated the effects of burn characteristics and preexisting medical comorbidities on treatment outcomes for geriatric burn patients treated as outpatients. Methods A retrospective review was conducted for 391 patients over 65 years of age seen in the emergency department of Fukui Prefectural Hospital over a 10-year period. Charts were reviewed for age, sex, burn characteristics, burn mechanisms, preexisting medical comorbidities, and treatment outcomes. Multivariate regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between outcomes of outpatients and comorbidities, which were calculated by the Charlson comorbidity index. Results Seventy-three patients aged 65 years and older were treated as outpatients at Fukui Prefectural Hospital. The majority (80%) of these patients had burns on less than 5% of their total body surface area. Scald burns accounted for 63% of burn mechanisms, with burns to the lower extremities being the most frequent. The mean percentage of total burn surface area was 4% in the outpatient group and 28% for the inpatient group. The mean time to healing was 24.3 days in outpatients. Of the 73 outpatients, 17 (23%) showed delayed healing. Of these 17 patients, 3 patients experienced wound infection and 2 patients had documented hypertrophic scarring. Four patients ultimately underwent excision and grafting. The common preexisting medical comorbidities in the outpatient group were congestive heart failure and diabetic mellitus. There were no significant differences for medical comorbidities between outpatients and inpatients. The Charlson comorbidity index for outpatients with delayed healing was higher than that for those without delayed healing. The Charlson comorbidity index was associated with delayed healing of outpatients, but age or total burn surface area were not. Conclusions The characteristics of geriatric burn outpatients were distinct from those of inpatients. The weighted sum of preexisting medical comorbidities may affect wound healing among geriatric burn outpatients.
Right Person, Right Skills, Right Job: The Contribution of Objective Structured Clinical Examinations in Advancing Staff Nurse Experts

Recruitment processes need to discriminate among candidates to ensure that the right person with the right skills is selected for advancement opportunities. An innovative recruitment process using an objective structured clinical examination grounded in best practice guidelines resulted in improved recruitment practices for senior nursing clinical expert roles. Candidates’ skills, knowledge, and attitudes in the areas of patient focus, clinical expertise, teamwork, and leadership were assessed using a clinical simulation. Candidates achieving advancement were assessed at 6 months to validate the efficacy of the process.
Trustworthy ICT Project Title : Enhanced Network Security for Seamless Service Provisioning in the Smart Mobile Ecosystem

Mobile malware and mobile network attacks are becoming a significant threat that accompanies the increasing popularity of smart phones and tablets. Thus in this deliverable we propose two anomaly detection algorithms that use traffic measurements and billing meta(data) in order to identify malicious or misbehaving mobile devices. The first algorithm is based on measuring various quantities describing the activity of a user, applying different statistical methods to compute features that capture both instantaneous and long term changes in behaviour, and using a random neural network to fuse the information gathered from the individual features in order to detect anomalies in real-time. The second approach uses graph based descriptors to model billing records, where vertices in the graph represent users and services, while edges correspond to communication events. Anomaly detection is then performed by extracting features from the graph, and applying a supervised learning technique to discriminate between normal and anomalous users. The proposed methods are evaluated on two datasets from our mobile network simulator, representing threats that affect mobile users and networks.
Effect of estradiol benzoate on the degradation of insoluble collagen of rat skin.

Young female rats were injected with 14C-proline which was incorporated into collagen and converted, in part, to 14C-hydroxyproline (hypro). 4 After 2—5 weeks (to allow the bulk of the radioactivity in collagen to be converted to insoluble collagen), we divided the animals into 2 groups. One group was given 50 μg of estradiol benzoate 3 times weekly, while the other served as control. Skin samples obtained by serial biopsy were analyzed for collagen content and 14C-hypro. Estrogen treatment resulted in prolongation of the half-life of collagen 14C-hypro to values averaging greater than twice control values. Collagen concentration was unaffected by estrogen treatment. These results indicate that estrogen treatment retards the degradation of skin collagen. (Endocrinology 93: 311, 1973)
Novel V600E BRAF mutations in imatinib‐naive and imatinib‐resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumors

BRAF and NRAS are commonly mutated in cancer and represent the most frequent genetic events in malignant melanoma. More recently, a subset of melanomas was shown to overexpress KIT and harbor KIT mutations. Although most gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) exhibit activating mutations in either KIT or PDGFRA, about 10% of the cases lack mutations in these genes. It is our hypothesis following the melanoma model that mutations in BRAF or NRAS may play a role in wild‐type GIST pathogenesis. Alterations in RAS/MEK/ERK pathway may also be involved in development of imatinib resistance in GIST, particularly in tumors lacking secondary KIT or PDGFRA mutations. Imatinib‐naive wild‐type GISTs from 61 patients, including 15 children and 28 imatinib‐resistant tumors without secondary KIT mutations were analyzed. Screening for hot spots mutations in BRAF (exons 11 and 15) and NRAS (exons 2 and 3) was performed. A BRAF exon 15 V600E was identified in 3 of 61 GIST patients, who shared similar clinical features, being 49‐ to 55‐years‐old females and having their tumors located in the small bowel. The tumors were strongly KIT immunoreactive and had a high risk of malignancy. An identical V600E BRAF mutation was also identified in one of 28 imatinib resistant GIST lacking a defined mechanism of drug resistance. In conclusion, we identified a primary BRAF V600E mutations in 7% of adult GIST patients, lacking KIT/PDGFRA mutations. The BRAF‐mutated GISTs show predilection for small bowel location and high risk of malignancy. A secondary V600E BRAF mutation could represent an alternative mechanism of imatinib resistance. Kinase inhibitors targeting BRAF may be effective therapeutic options in this molecular GIST subset. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Infrequent Isolation of Multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii From the Staff Tending a Colonized Patient With Severe Burns

Abstract A patient with severe burns who was colonized by multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii was cared for in contact isolation by staff intensively trained on hospital hygiene. Of the 1,907 post-exposure cultures from the staff and 425 environmental samples, only 0.7% and 4%, respectively, yielded this microorganism. These data show that strict hygienic measures may limit staff colonization and contamination of the environment by A baumannii.
Simple and playful interaction for informal communication and learning

Teachers in general usually do not have one single office and they seldom have time for face-to-face interaction with their colleagues since they typically spend most of the time in a classroom. Teachers in rural areas have even less colleagues to interact with face-to-face. In our work with teachers in a rural area near Stockholm, in an archipelago school distributed over six islands, we have encouraged informal communication and learning through a digital notice board connecting all six units. This paper discusses three issues that we find important to focus on in our work; the role of shared interactive displays, simplicity and play as a social activity and the role of communication for informal learning.
Molecular Diagnosis of Lecithin: Cholesterol Acyltransferase Deficiency in a Presymptomatic Proband

Abstract We report the molecular diagnosis of a lecithin : cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency in a 12-year old proband with a high-density lipoprotein deficiency. The increased percentage of free cholesterol in plasma and high-density lipoprotein indicated an inherited lecithin : cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency as the underlying cause. This diagnosis was confirmed by a low plasma lecithin : cholesterol acyltransferase activity and a combination of genetic analyses which demonstrated compound heterozygosity for two mutations in the lecithin : cholesterol acyltransferase gene of the proband. One was a previously unreported 2 bp deletion leading to a stop signal in codon 77 and the other a point mutation causing Arg 135 → Gln transition. To our knowledge, this is the first diagnosis of lecithin : cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency in a pre-symptomatic patient. Whether the proband will develop signs of complete lecithin : cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency or the milder form (Fish Eye Disease) is uncertain, although the former possibility is more likely. The risk of premature atherosclerosis conferred by lecithin : cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency is not well established. The proband will need to be carefully monitored in the future.
Variability in veterans' alcohol use by place of residence.

Rates of risky alcohol use appear to be elevated among active duty and veteran military personnel. Little is known, however, about characteristics associated with alcohol misuse in these groups. Furthermore, although there is evidence to suggest that patterns of alcohol use differ according to place of residence, no prior studies have investigated variability in alcohol use according to level of rurality and geographic region in US military veterans. The present study evaluated variations in alcohol use (ie, past 30-day use, heavy use, and binge drinking) and drinking and driving according to place of residence among 55,452 US military veterans participating in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Veterans residing in rural areas were significantly less likely than those from suburban and urban areas to have consumed alcohol in the past 30 days (p < .001). Conversely, rural-dwelling veterans who did drink alcohol had higher odds of binge drinking (p < .005) and (relative to urban residents) drinking and driving (p = .013). Veterans residing in the South were significantly less likely than those from other geographic regions to report past 30-day alcohol use (p < .001). In addition, veterans living in the Midwest were significantly more likely than those from the South to report drinking and driving (p = .017). No differences in heavy alcohol use were observed based on location of residence.
Revisiting the parameterization of potential evaporation as a driver of long‐term water balance trends

We examine the effects of two different parameterizations of potential evaporation on long‐term trends in soil moisture, evaporative flux and runoff simulated by the water balance model underlying the Palmer Drought Severity Index. The first, traditional parameterization is based on air temperature alone. The second parameterization is derived from observations of evaporation from class‐A pans. Trends in potential evaporation from the two parameterizations are opposite in sign (±) at almost half the stations tested over Australia and New Zealand. The sign of trends in the modelled soil moisture, evaporative flux and runoff depends on the parameterization used and on the prevailing climatic regime: trends in water‐limited regions are driven by precipitation trends, but the choice of parameterization for potential evaporation is shown to be critical in energy‐limited regions.
Neural precursor-specific expression of multiple Drosophila genes is driven by dual enhancer modules with overlapping function

Significance Specifying which cells in the body will become neural precursor (NP) cells is a core process in nervous system development. Here, a computational method is used to identify NP-specific regulatory sequences near NP-expressed genes. The recovered enhancers proved to be distinct from others previously identified, indicating that the associated genes are served by two separate NP-specific modules. For the neuralized gene, it is shown that each individual NP enhancer directs sufficient expression to permit normal development, while deletion of both enhancers causes a major failure of neuralized function. Finally, this study experimentally validates a proposed regulatory “code” (combination of transcription factor binding sites) for NP-specific gene expression. These findings provide new insights into the mechanistic basis of NP fate specification. Transcriptional cis-regulatory modules (CRMs), or enhancers, are responsible for directing gene expression in specific territories and cell types during development. In some instances, the same gene may be served by two or more enhancers with similar specificities. Here we show that the utilization of dual, or “shadow”, enhancers is a common feature of genes that are active specifically in neural precursor (NP) cells in Drosophila. By genome-wide computational discovery of statistically significant clusters of binding motifs for both proneural activator (P) proteins and basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) repressor (R) factors (a “P+R” regulatory code), we have identified NP-specific enhancer modules associated with multiple genes expressed in this cell type. These CRMs are distinct from those previously identified for the corresponding gene, establishing the existence of a dual-enhancer arrangement in which both modules reside close to the gene they serve. Using wild-type and mutant reporter gene constructs in vivo, we show that P sites in these modules mediate activation by proneural factors in “proneural cluster” territories, whereas R sites mediate repression by bHLH repressors, which serves to restrict expression specifically to NP cells. To our knowledge, our results identify the first direct targets of these bHLH repressors. Finally, using genomic rescue constructs for neuralized (neur), we demonstrate that each of the gene's two NP-specific enhancers is sufficient to rescue neur function in the lateral inhibition process by which adult sensory organ precursor (SOP) cells are specified, but that deletion of both enhancers results in failure of this event.