Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Infliximab Reduces Endoscopic, but not Clinical, Recurrence of Crohn’s Disease Following Ileocolonic Resection

Miguel Regueiro, M.D., Brian G. Feagan, M.D., Bin Zou, M.D., M.S., Jewel Johanns, Ph.D., Marion A. Blank, Ph.D., Marc Chevrier, M.D., Ph.D., Scott Plevy, M.D., John Popp, M.D., Freddy J. Cornillie, Ph.D., Milan Lukas, M.D., Ph.D., Silvio Danese, M.D., Ph.D., Paolo Gionchetti, M.D., Steven B. Hanauer, M.D., Walter Reinisch, M.D., William J. Sandborn, M.D., Dario Sorrentino, M.D., Paul Rutgeerts, M.D., Ph.D., for the PREVENT Study Group
Sentence and Word Weighting for Neural Machine Translation Domain Adaptation

Neural machine translation today has achieved state-of-the-art performance for machine translation, yet it is facing the problem of domain mismatch due to scarce data. Recently researchers have proposed many techniques to tackle this problem, including fine-tuning, building multi-domain system, sentence weighting, etc. In this project, we try to improve sentence weighting, and propose a novel tag-and-weight technique which uses sentence weighting when building a multi-domain system. Then, we argue that sentence weighting is a trivial case of weighting words. Thus, we move one step further to propose word level weighting for neural machine translation domain adaptation, based on word frequencies and language model scores. We evaluate our approaches using Romanian to English and English to German translation tasks with different domain specificity. Experiments show that our proposed approaches achieve improved performance. The top-performing tag-and-weight achieves on average 0.6 BLEU increase comparing to current state-of-the-art techniques. Finally, our in-depth analysis indicates that our proposed approaches are able to recall more named entities in a domain, and that tag-and-weight has a strong domain differentiating capability.
Implementing a Part of Speech Tagger with Hidden Markov Models

Part of speech tagging is a part of the natural language processing pipeline that classiﬁes the part of speech of each token in a sentence. Several methods for part of speech tagging exist, and probability-based taggers are the most eﬀective. A Hidden Markov Model is a probabilistic classiﬁcation scheme that can be applied to part of speech tagging. This project implements a Hidden Markov Model that performs at a higher accuracy rate than the Natural Language Toolkit library implementation on the selected test corpus. Future explorations include a thorough analysis of out-of-vocabulary words and diﬀerent methods of tagging them within a Hidden Markov Model implementation.
Transparent Optimization of Inter-Virtual Network Function Communication in Open vSwitch

This paper proposes an architecture that can optimize inter-VM communication in an NFV environment through the creation of direct channels between virtual machines. Particularly, our prototype can transparently optimize the data transfer between virtual machines running DPDK applications by dynamically recognizing the existence of point-to-point connections in the traffic steering rules, reverting back to the traditional VM-to-switch-to-VM approach when the optimization is no longer possible. This paper demonstrates the huge advantages of this architecture and the possibility to implement it with localized modifications mainly in Open vSwitch, without touching the applications inside the VMs.
Spillback Effects from Traffic Accidents

Understanding how traffic incidents affect the flow of traffic is a problem of great importance. It is of interest to both the general public as well as to many private companies that rely heavily on transportation. Disturbances to traffic come in an enormous number of varieties and are very sensitive to a large number of different situational and environmental factors. A complete understanding is therefore far from feasible at this present time as many individual aspects are still not well described. In this note, we focus on a very specific problem inside of the general theory. Given a traffic incident that inhibits vehicles to travel freely, as in normal conditions, how does the gradual build up of slow moving vehicles congesting the road behave? There are several basic questions to investigate in relation to this situation:
Quantum Computing Lecture Notes, Extra Chapter Hidden Subgroup Problem

We often abbreviate g ◦h to gh. The group is Abelian (or commutative) if gh = hg for all g, h ∈ G. Simple examples of finite additive Abelian groups are G = {0, 1}n with bitwise addition mod 2 as the group operation, and G = ZN , the “cyclic group” of integers mod N . The set G = ZN is the multiplicative group consisting of all integers in {1, . , N − 1} that are coprime to N , with multiplication mod N as the group operation.1 An important example of a non-Abelian group is the “symmetric group” Sn, which is the group of n! permutations of n elements, using composition as the group operation. A subgroup H of G, denoted H ≤ G, is a subset of G that is itself a group, i.e., it contains e and is closed under taking products and inverses. A (left) coset of H is a set gH = {gh | h ∈ H}, i.e., a translation of H by the element g. All cosets of H have size |H|, and it is easy to show that two cosets gH and g′H are either equal or disjoint, so the set of cosets partitions G into equal-sized parts.2 Note that g and g′ are in the same coset of H iff g−1g′ ∈ H. If T ⊆ G, then we use 〈T 〉 to denote the set of elements of G that we can write as products of elements from T and their inverses. This H = 〈T 〉 is a subgroup of G, and T is called a generating set of H. Note that adding one more element t 6∈ 〈T 〉 to T at least doubles the size of the generated subgroup, because H and tH are disjoint and H ∪ tH ⊆ 〈T ∪ {t}〉. This implies that every H ≤ G has a generating set of size ≤ log |H| ≤ log |G|. We abbreviate 〈{γ}〉 to 〈γ〉, which is the cyclic group generated by γ; every cyclic group of size N is isomorphic to ZN .
Same-Sex Couples and the Marital Surplus: The Importance of the Legal Environment

Same-sex couples’ marital surplus, their excess total income over that predicted by their work times and predicted wages, increases little as the duration of their relationship lengthens. When/where same-sex marriage is legal, it rises sharply as duration increases. The availability of legal domestic partnership or civil union has no effect on the surplus. The likelihood of home ownership conditional on demographic characteristics also increases with partnerships’ duration only when/where same-sex marriage is legal. These results, based on data from the American Community Survey 2013-17, support the notion that greater legal protection enhances partners’ incentives to invest in their relationship.
IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL FACTORS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF EMPLOYEES WITH MODERATING ROLE OF MANAGERIAL SKILL

This study is aimed to analyse the impact of organizational factors on the performance of employees with the moderating role of managerial skill. Organizational size is discussed with its determinants such as wage rates and capital intensity. Primary data have been gathered with the help of structured questions and 5 point Likert scale is used. The results are based on 330 valid questionnaires. Using SPSS, correlation and regression (Linear) analysis of independent variables (wage rates and capital intensity), dependent variable (performance of employees) and moderating variable (managerial skills) have been performed. The results show that organizational factors significantly influence the performance of employees and results become better when managers play their role in designing wage rates appropriately according to skills of the workers and making organizations capital intensive with assurance that the employees become adept at new technology installed in the organization. So, this study presents a distinctive conception of discussing wage rates and capital intensity as organizational size and analyse their impact on the performance of employees with moderating role of managerial skill.
Evidence for probable aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a poorly ventilated restaurant

Background: The role of aerosols in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 remains debated. We analysed an outbreak involving three non-associated families in Restaurant X in Guangzhou, China, and assessed the possibility of aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and characterize the associated environmental conditions. Methods: We collected epidemiological data, obtained a video record and a patron seating-arrangement from the restaurant, and measured the dispersion of a warm tracer gas as a surrogate for exhaled droplets from the suspected index patient. Computer simulations were performed to simulate the spread of fine exhaled droplets. We compared the in-room location of subsequently infected cases and spread of the simulated virus-laden aerosol tracer. The ventilation rate was measured using the tracer decay method. Results: Three families (A, B, C), 10 members of which were subsequently found to have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 at this time, or previously, ate lunch at Restaurant X on Chinese New Year's Eve (January 24, 2020) at three neighboring tables. Subsequently, three members of family B and two members of family C became infected with SARS-CoV-2, whereas none of the waiters or 68 patrons at the remaining 15 tables became infected. During this occasion, the ventilation rate was 0.75-1.04 L/s per person. No close contact or fomite contact was observed, aside from back-to-back sitting by some patrons. Our results show that the infection distribution is consistent with a spread pattern representative of exhaled virus-laden aerosols. Conclusions: Aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 due to poor ventilation may explain the community spread of COVID-19.
Improving access to palliative care in Ontario ENGAGING COMMUNITIES IN SETTING PRIORITIES FOR HOME AND COMMUNITY CARE IN NORTHEASTERN ONTARIO

The views expressed in the panel summary are the views of panel participants and should not be taken to represent the views of the Government of Ontario, McMaster University, McMaster University’s Labarge Optimal Aging Initiative, the North East Community Care Access Centre, the Centre for Rural and Northern Health Research, or the authors of the panel summary. The McMaster Health Forum convened a series of citizen panels on the subject of engaging communities in setting priorities for home and community care in northeastern Ontario. The panels were organized with the support of the North East Community Care Access Centre (CCAC), McMaster University’s Labarge Optimal Aging Initiative and the Government of Ontario (through two Health System Research Fund grants: 1) “Improving Health Equity for Northern Ontarians: Applied Research with Vulnerable Populations,” based at the Centre for Rural and Northern Health Research (CRaNHR) at Laurentian University and 2) “Harnessing evidence and values for health system excellence,” an interdisciplinary research and knowledgetranslation program at McMaster University). Engaging Communities in Setting Priorities for Home and Community Care in Northeastern Ontario
DESIGN OF EFFICIENT MODULAR ADDERS USING REVERSIBLE LOGIC GATES

: Reversible logic is a computing worldview that has pulled in noteworthy consideration as of late because of its properties that lead to ultra-low power and dependable circuits. Reversible circuits are key, for instance, for quantum computing. Since expansion is a central task, structuring productive adders is a foundation in the examination of reversible circuits. Residue Number Systems (RNS) has been as an incredible asset to give parallel and flaw tolerant executions of calculations where augmentations and duplications are overwhelming. In this paper, without precedent for the writing, we propose the mix of RNS and reversible logic. The parallelism of RNS is utilized to build the execution of reversible computational circuits. Being the most central part in any RNS, in this work we propose the usage of modular adders, in particular modulo 2n-1 adders, utilizing reversible logic. Investigation and correlation with traditional logic demonstrate that modulo adders can be planned utilizing reversible entryways with least overhead in contrast with ordinary reversible adders.
Response to Emergency Situations in a Trafﬁc Management System

—This paper describes C AR D EMO , a Trafﬁc Management System (TMS) designed to assist TMS operators. The C AR D EMO prototype applies an emergency response model to the city of Dublin, Ireland, and suggests a set of security controls for protecting critical assets (e.g., hospitals, schools, banks) from unexpected and harmful events that may occur in the city. Given an emergency situation, the system collects information about the amenities and trafﬁc lights in the area, and uses the response model to recommend a set of security controls to mitigate possible threats.
A Qualitative Analysis of Vehicle Positioning Requirements for Connected Vehicle Applications

Many Connected Vehicle (CV) applications, including safety-critical ones such as collision warning, require lane-level positioning accuracy to function correctly. However, differential GNSS, the primary positioning method used by CVs in current deployments across the U.S., cannot always provide this level of accuracy. This is particularly true in urban environments. Alternative positioning methods or strategies must be developed to fill this gap. To determine what strategies are appropriate, we first identify the positioning requirements of each CV application listed in the USDOT? s Connected Vehicle Reference Implementation Architecture (CVRIA). These requirements include accuracy, integrity, update rate, and type of positioning (relative or absolute). Based on our overall analysis, we recommend two general positioning strategies: 1) utilize other sources of positioning information whenever possible (particularly at intersections), and 2) estimate the uncertainty of the positioning solution and use this uncertainty as an input to CV applications themselves.
University of Southern Denmark Education in Twins and Their Parents Across Birth Cohorts Over 100 years An Individual-Level Pooled Analysis of 42-Twin Cohorts

Silventoinen, Karri; Jelenkovic, Aline; Latvala, Antti; Sund, Reijo; Yokoyama, Yoshie; Ullemar, Vilhelmina; Almqvist, Catarina; Derom, Catherine A; Vlietinck, Robert F; Loos, Ruth J F; Kandler, Christian; Honda, Chika; Inui, Fujio; Iwatani, Yoshinori; Watanabe, Mikio; Rebato, Esther; Stazi, Maria A; Fagnani, Corrado; Brescianini, Sonia; Hur, Yoon-Mi; Jeong, Hoe-Uk; Cutler, Tessa L; Hopper, John L; Busjahn, Andreas; Saudino, Kimberly J; Ji, Fuling; Ning, Feng; Pang, Zengchang; Rose, Richard J; Koskenvuo, Markku; Heikkilä, Kauko; Cozen, Wendy; Hwang, Amie E; Mack, Thomas M; Siribaddana, Sisira H; Hotopf, Matthew; Sumathipala, Athula; Rijsdijk, Fruhling; Sung, Joohon; Kim, Jina; Lee, Jooyeon; Lee, Sooji; Nelson, Tracy L; Whitfield, Keith E; Tan, Qihua; Zhang, Dongfeng; Llewellyn, Clare H; Fisher, Abigail; Burt, S Alexandra; Klump, Kelly L; Knafo-Noam, Ariel; Mankuta, David; Abramson, Lior; Medland, Sarah E; Martin, Nicholas G; Montgomery, Grant W; Magnusson, Patrik K E; Pedersen, Nancy L; Dahl Aslan, Anna K; Corley, Robin P; Huibregtse, Brooke M; Öncel, Sevgi Y; Aliev, Fazil; Krueger, Robert F; McGue, Matt; Pahlen, Shandell; Willemsen, Gonneke; Bartels, Meike; van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E M; Silberg, Judy L; Eaves, Lindon J; Maes, Hermine H; Harris, Jennifer R; Brandt, Ingunn; Nilsen, Thomas S; Rasmussen, Finn; Tynelius, Per; Baker, Laura A; Tuvblad, Catherine; Ordoñana, Juan R; Sánchez-Romera, Juan F; Colodro-Conde, Lucia; Gatz, Margaret; Butler, David A; Lichtenstein, Paul; Goldberg, Jack H; Harden, K Paige; Tucker-Drob, Elliot M; Duncan, Glen E; Buchwald, Dedra; Tarnoki, Adam D; Tarnoki, David L; Franz, Carol E; Kremen, William S; Lyons, Michael J; Maia, José A; Freitas, Duarte L; Turkheimer, Eric; Sørensen, Thorkild I A; Boomsma, Dorret I; Kaprio, Jaakko
The Pendulum of Leadership Change and Challenges of Civil Democracy and Military Rule in Pakistan

Pakistan's history and political system has been characterized and best understood as a pendulum as the leadership swings back and forth between military and civilian rule on one side and feudal and capitalist economies on the other. The challenges of Pakistan’s politics have been shaped by the dynamics of civilian-military relations.This study investigates into the history of civil military relationship in Pakistan and dictates the challenges on the balance of leadership between the military leadership and the civilian rule whilst dictating the people’s choice of leadership. This study also establishes which faction has more public support and will ride into the consideration of Pakistan’s political future in which the newly elected civilian leadership will have to reckon with in order to ensure the future viability of Pakistan as an independent sovereign state. Although the civilian government enjoys considerable autonomy for political and economic management and exercise of state authority, it has to consider the military's sensibilities or idiosyncrasies. The proven escalated economic performance and consistent high growth in GDP during the military rule has provided a major challenge for the current democratic civilian rule to further enhance the Pakistan economic development for the masses that are more interested in a stable and peaceful countryrather than which faction rules Pakistan. The challenges for the new democratic leadership after the successful 2013 election from one elected government to another include political instability, widespread corruption and lack of law enforcement which hampers private investment and foreign aid.
on-Covalent Interaction Between Tetraphenylporphyrin and Indenopyridine

Interaction between tetraphenylporphyrin and indenopyridine reveal interesting features of weak complexation in the ground state, the operative factor being a charge transfer from the porphyrin donor to the indenopyridine acceptor. The strength of binding were explored both experimentally and through theoretical calculations. Phenomena of quenching of the excited species also revealed an association process determined through the Stern-Volmer quenching constants.
Using fourier-based shape alignment to add geometric prior to snakes

In this paper, we present a new algorithm of snakes with geometric prior. A method of shape alignment using Fourier coefficients is introduced to estimate the Euclidean transformation between the evolving snake and a template of the searched object. This allows the definition of a new field of forces making the evolving snake to have a shape similar to the template one. Furthermore, this strategy can be used to manage several possible templates by computing a shape distance to select the best one at each iteration. The new method also solves some well-known limitations of snakes such as evolution in concave boundaries, and enhances the robustness to noise and partially occluded objects. A series of experimental results is presented to illustrate performances.
Spatial price transmission analysis for selected maize and wheat markets in Ethiopia

Tbe Ethiopian eereal sector is still eharaeterized by volatile prices, as lately seen during the world food erisis in 2008. However, the eonsideration of the integration between loeal markets and world market is for the analysis of high food priees and possible strategies to stabilize future priees, often negleeted. Yet, the links between the world market and loeal markets in Ethiopia are not quite dear. Therefore, a pnee transmission analysis (Unit Root Test, Cointegration, VECM) usmg monthly wholesale priees from 1999 to 2010, has been aeeomplished for four wheat and , maize markets in Ethiopia (Addis Ababa, Shashemene, Assela, Nazreth, Jimma), respectively. \ Furthermore, qualitative interviews observed the underlying market structure on the different markets and identified related problems. , The price transmission analysis showed no evidence for integration between US maize market i • " and maize market in Addis Ababa. Low integration between US wheat market and related market on the national level was revealed. Moreover, there was integration between one regional market (Jimma, Shashemene) and the US wheat and maize market, respectively, suggested. However, there was strong evidenee that these relationships were rather a eonsequenee of spurious results. From six observed regional wheat market pairs, all indieated a eointegration relationship. Within the wheat sector the produetion market of Assela indicated a possible price leader role. From the six observed regional maize market pairs, five showed evidence for cointegration. F or two out of five pairs, prices were eompletely transmitted. Tbe qualitative interviews exposed limitations in the market strueture of the research area related to transportation, storage, missing grading system, handling costs and price information. Recent high food prices in Ethiopia were not an outcome of a dose dependence to the world market, but rather a consequenee of macroeeonomie aspeets and still strong government intervention in the cereal trade.
BIAS: Bluetooth Impersonation AttackS

Bluetooth (BR/EDR) is a pervasive technology for wireless communication used by billions of devices. The Bluetooth standard includes a legacy authentication procedure and a secure authentication procedure, allowing devices to authenticate to each other using a long term key. Those procedures are used during pairing and secure connection establishment to prevent impersonation attacks. In this paper, we show that the Bluetooth specification contains vulnerabilities enabling to perform impersonation attacks during secure connection establishment. Such vulnerabilities include the lack of mandatory mutual authentication, overly permissive role switching, and an authentication procedure downgrade. We describe each vulnerability in detail, and we exploit them to design, implement, and evaluate master and slave impersonation attacks on both the legacy authentication procedure and the secure authentication procedure. We refer to our attacks as Bluetooth Impersonation AttackS (BIAS). Our attacks are standard compliant, and are therefore effective against any standard compliant Bluetooth device regardless the Bluetooth version, the security mode (e.g., Secure Connections), the device manufacturer, and the implementation details. Our attacks are stealthy because the Bluetooth standard does not require to notify end users about the outcome of an authentication procedure, or the lack of mutual authentication. To confirm that the BIAS attacks are practical, we successfully conduct them against 31 Bluetooth devices (28 unique Bluetooth chips) from major hardware and software vendors, implementing all the major Bluetooth versions, including Apple, Qualcomm, Intel, Cypress, Broadcom, Samsung, and CSR.
Methotrexate use and NAD+/NADH metabolism in psoriatic keratinocytes

Methotrexate inhibits tetrahydrofolic acid production and influences mitochondrial oxygen uptake and activity of several enzymes in the respiratory chain reactions, which utilize nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-linked (NAD-linked) substrates. Hyperproliferation of keratinocytes in psoriasis requires oxidative phosphorylation, in which the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is an electron donor. One hypothesis links increased cellular metabolism to the increased NADH/NAD+ ratio; as expected, the topical application of NAD+ (oxidized form of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide) resulted in a clinical improvement of psoriatic lesions in one study. Nevertheless, another report revealed reduced fluorescence of NADH in psoriatic plaques. The biological activity of NADH is not limited only to serving as the electron donor. It was also found to regulate gene transcription.