Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An in vitro model for de‐ and remyelination using lysophosphatidyl choline in rodent whole brain spheroid cultures

The process of demyelination occurring in diseases as multiple sclerosis is usually investigated in animal models. A major drawback of animal models is that only one condition can be tested per animal, necessitating many animals and systemic effects are factors to be considered. The aim of the study was to develop a reproducible in vitro model for de‐ and remyelination using whole brain spheroid cultures and lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC). In spheroid cultures, single cell suspensions of embryonic day 15 rodent brain cells reaggregate under constant rotation. Three‐dimensional contacts form between the central nervous system cell types present. Multilayered myelin is maximal in four‐week old cultures. A week of repeated exposure to LPC led to 30% loss of MBP protein concentration and 2′,3′‐cyclic nucleotide 3′‐phosphodiesterase activity measurements in both rat and mouse spheroids and 56% loss in the number of myelin sheets, with partial remyelination after a week of recovery. The number of dividing cells was increased after LPC exposure and oligodendrocytes were shown to be among the dividing cells. Microglia and astrocytes were not affected and neurons were relatively spared. This suggests that LPC toxicity is specific for myelin and oligodendrocytes. LPC toxicity could be decreased using cholesterol and simvastatin, suggesting that LPC works through altering membrane composition. Thus, in different rodent species and using different read‐outs, we could reproducibly show de‐ and remyelination in spheroid cultures after LPC exposure. This model for demyelination with potential for remyelination offers possibilities for testing novel therapies and studying mechanisms of remyelination. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gastric carcinoma in a bitch.

Abstract A 12-year-old, spayed, female, collie dog was examined because of haematemesis, anorexia, loss of weight and intermittent abdominal pain. A gastric ulcer was suspected and was confirmed by radiology and gastroscopy. The ulcer was excised. Histological examination showed that the lesion was an ulcerating carcinoma. The dog recovered from surgery but was destroyed 3 months later when symptoms returned.
Testing the association between human mid-facial morphology and climate using autosomal, mitochondrial, Y chromosomal polymorphisms and cranial non-metrics.

OBJECTIVES To figure out which and how many systems of genetic markers should be used to control for the effects of shared population history in studies examining the association between morphology and climate and to test cranial non-metric traits as an additional source of neutral distances for such studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS We employed three systems of genetic markers (mtDNA, Y-chromosome and autosomal SNPs) and cranial non-metrics to control for potential impact of population history on apparent associations between climatic variables and mid-facial morphology found in a set of seven North Asian and one East Asian populations. RESULTS A significant association between morphology and climate remained, independent of which of the four neutral distance matrices were used as a control. Matrices of neutral distances based on different systems of genetic markers show just one case of significant correlation among each other namely between the mtDNA and autosomal SNPs matrices. The correlation between the autosomal SNP and cranial non-metrics matrices is also fairly high but does not reach significance. DISCUSSION A combination of several sources of genetic information could provide a more robust control for the effect of shared population history compared to just one type of markers since each of them has its own sources of bias and each provides a slightly different view of genetic relationships among the populations. Use of cranial non-metrics in researches examining the association between morphology and climate appears promising as they produce results that are generally consistent with those obtained using genetic markers.
HIV/AIDS and serious mental illness: a risky conclusion.

This conclusion concerns us because the study relied on rates of HIV diagnosis captured in Medicaid claims data. The article provides no information about the number of enrollees with severe mental illness, with or without a substance use disorder, who were tested for HIV in the first place. The authors underemphasize the potential detection bias this missing denominator creates in determining the incidence of HIV infection among all patients with serious mental illness, and especially among those without a substance use disorder. A review of the HIV testing literature found that among people with serious mental illness, those with drug problems or a history of injection drug use were more likely to be tested for HIV (2), and there is no reason to assume otherwise in the study in question. Furthermore, because the authors were unable to obtain data on risk behaviors, their adjustment for other factors associated with HIV infection among patients with serious mental illness was incomplete, regardless of substance use disorder. Therefore, they have constructed a confounding dichotomy and provided analyses that may lead providers and policy makers to incorrectly conclude incorrectly that patients with serious mental illness are not at increased risk of contracting HIV/AIDS.
Energy Consumption Measurement of Wireless Interfaces in Multi-Service User Terminals for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

For future generation mobile networks, we expect that the mobile devices like PDAs, note PCs or any VoIP-enabled communicators will have the feature of being always switched on, ready for service, constantly reachable by the wireless Internet. In addition to high access speed, attractive real-time contents or other expected spectacular features of the future wireless Internet environment, the mobile terminals has to be very much energy-aware to enable literal untethered movement of the user. Mechanisms for network activities like maintaining location information and wireless system discovery, which require regular network access, should be energy-efficient and resource-efficient in general. Cellular systems employ the notion of passive connectivity to reduce the power consumption of idle mobile hosts. In IP based Multi-service User Terminal (MUT) that may have multiple wireless interfaces for receiving various classes of services from the network, there should be an efficient addressing of the energy consumption issue. To devise an energy-efficient scheme for simultaneous or single operation of the wireless interfaces attached to such terminals we should have comprehensive understanding of the power consumption of the devices/modules in various operational states. This paper investigates the power consumption pattern or behavior of some selected wireless interfaces that are good candidates for being part of the future of the multi-service user terminals. We propose a simple model for predicting energy consumption in a terminal attributed to the wireless network interfaces. We measured the actual consumption pattern to estimate the parameters of the model.
A Multifunction Tactile and Proximity Sensing Method by Optical and Electrical Simultaneous Measurement

This paper presents a new single-unit tactile and proximity sensing method which simultaneously uses optical and electrical measurement. The proposed sensor consists of electrodes and a photodiode with a light-emitting diode. In the proposed method, the admittance between the electrodes and the photodiode is measured. The electrical properties of most objects vary with the distance between the sensor and the object, and in this sensor, they are measured from the admittance between the electrodes. Additionally, the optical properties of the sensor surface (indentation) are measured from the admittance of the photodiode. In the experiment, discrimination between six materials (acrylic, glass, aluminum, and sponges with three different hardness values) and detection of the indentation were demonstrated during contact, while the object proximity could also be detected. The proposed sensor may be useful as a tactile sensor in robots.
Aspiration of an intermaxillary fixation wire fragment.

Intermaxillary fixation (IMF) is a technique used to immobilize the maxilla and mandible in their proper anatomic and spatial relationship. This is accomplished by wiring the two jaws together. IMF is frequently required in the surgical management of fractures of the facial bones, correction of dentofacial deformities, and reconstructive procedures in the maxillofacial region. It is important that the anesthesiologist, surgeon, and attending medical personnel be cognizant of the potential problems associated with IMF; namely, airway obstruction and aspiration. In addition, they must be familiar with the principles of management of IMF patients to prevent such complications from occurring. The following postoperative
Information coding in the rodent prefrontal cortex. I. Single-neuron activity in orbitofrontal cortex compared with that in pyriform cortex.

1. Extracellular spike activity was recorded from 1,942 single neurons in orbitofrontal cortex (OF) and 591 single neurons in pyriform cortex (PIR) over multiple sessions in rats performing an eight-odor discrimination task in which the stimulus sequence contained predictable associations between particular odor pairs. Neural firing patterns were examined in relation to task events in the current trial and variables associated with current sensory processing, events of recent past trials, and long-term associations involving the odor cues. 2. Overall, 34% of single neurons in OF and 30% of single neurons in PIR fired selectively during one or more salient trial events including trial initiation, odor sampling, performance of the discriminative response, and water consumption. The activity of other cells recorded in OF (13%) and PIR (10%) was suppressed for the duration of each trial. Although the proportion of some cell types differed between the two areas, the firing patterns of OF and PIR neurons were qualitatively indistinguishable. 3. Firing during odor sampling and the discriminative response was influenced by the identity of the current odor. Some cells fired selectively to a single odor, but most cells were coarsely tuned such that they fired to several of the eight odors to differing degrees consistent with previous reports. Considerable odor coding was observed in both OF and PIR. 4. Firing during trial initiation and odor sampling was also influenced by the identity and reward association of the odor presented in the immediately preceding trial. The influence of past odor identity and valence was observed in both OF and PIR. 5. Firing during trial events was also influenced by the acquired associations between odors and their assigned reward contingencies and between pairs of odors involved in predictive relationships. The reward valence of the current odor significantly influenced firing during odor sampling and the discriminative response; some cells responded preferentially to rewarded odors and others to nonrewarded odors. Firing during trial initiation and odor sampling reflected whether or not the odor in the current trial had been predicted by the odor in the preceding trial. In addition, firing during odor sampling reflected the expectation of reward in the following trial that could be inferred from the predictable associations between odors. Each of these properties was observed in both OF and PIR. 6. The findings in OF were consistent with the view that prefrontal subdivisions mediate the temporal organization of complex behaviors within specific informational domains. OF appears to be concerned with the specific domain of olfaction. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Cultivating a resilient response to stress through mindfulness and cognitive re-appraisal: A pilot randomised control trial.

The capacity for human service professionals to replenish resilience is important to their health and psychological wellbeing. The current study evaluated a brief Mindful Awareness and Resilience Skills Training (MARST) program designed to enhance mindfulness and positive re-appraisal as psychological mechanisms for increasing resilience, decreasing psychological distress and perceived stress. This program was informed by the Mindful-Cognitive Model of Cultivating Resilience. A sample of 46 human service professionals were randomly allocated to a MARST group or control group. Short term and follow-up training effects were examined using MANOVA. At post-training, the MARST group reported significantly higher levels of resilience, mindfulness and positive re-appraisal compared to the control group. At one-month follow-up, the MARST group reported significantly higher levels of resilience, mindfulness, and positive re-appraisal, and significantly lower levels of perceived stress and psychological distress relative to the control group. The findings provide preliminary support for the efficacy of the MARST program to increase resilience and decrease levels of psychological distress and perceived stress among human services professionals.
Logistical challenges and design considerations for studies using acute anterior cruciate ligament injury as a potential model for early posttraumatic osteoarthritis

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common and lead to posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) in a high percentage of patients. Research has been ineffective in identifying successful treatment options for people suffering from symptomatic PTOA resulting in a shift of focus toward the young, ACL injured patients at risk of developing PTOA. Randomized clinical trials examining the very early phase after ACL injury are ideal to study this population; however, these trials face significant challenges regarding recruitment as well as reproducibility of patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) and inflammatory and/or chondrodegenerative biomarkers associated with early PTOA. The aim of this work was to develop an approach to allow for early recruitment into an RCT for early treatment following ACL injury and to analyze the variability of commonly used measures and biomarkers at various time points after injury. This paper reports the study design and data related to the first month of treatment for the placebo group of an ongoing 2‐year clinical trial to evaluate the effect of an early intra‐articular intervention after ACL injury. The results of this study suggest that acute ACL injury results in early changes of both inflammatory and chondrodegenerative biomarkers. These results also provide vital information for researchers to consider when developing future protocols, both related to the logistics of early patient enrollment as well as the appropriate timing of biomarker and patient‐reported outcome collection. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:641–650, 2017.
Tracking Fractures of Deformable Objects in Real-Time with an RGB-D Sensor

This paper introduces a method able to track in real-time a 3D elastic deformable objects which undergo fractures, using the point cloud data provided by an RGB-D sensor. Our framework relies on a prior visual segmentation of the object in the image. The segmented point cloud is registered by non-rigidly fitting the mesh, based on the Finite Element Method to physically model elasticity, and on geometrical point-to-point correspondences to compute external forces exerted on the mesh. Fractures are handled by processing the stress tensors computed on the mesh of the FEM model, in order to detect fracturable nodes. Local remeshing around fracturable nodes is then performed to propagate the fracture. The real-time performance of the system is demonstrated on real data involving various deformations and fractures.
A coordinated SVPWM without sector identification for dual inverter fed open winding IPMSM system

A coordinated space vector modulation (SVPWM) algorithm without sector identifications is proposed for the dual inverter fed open winding interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) system, where the duty ratios of the three phases for each inverter are directly calculated, and no trigonometric function calculations or sector identifications are involved. Moreover, the switching frequency for the whole system will be decreased to 1/3 of that of the conventional modulation scheme which employs one SVPWM for each inverter respectively. A new criterion is defined to evaluate the output voltage ripples, and a comparative investigation on the proposed coordinated SVPWM and other two existing modulation algorithms is exhibited. Experimental results verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed strategy.
Robust estimation of a signal source coordinates

The improved approaches for a single source direction-of-arrival estimation in a far-field and near-field cases are proposed. In the far-field case the multichannel maximum likelihood frequency estimation along the uniform linear array is used for direct calculation of the single real spatial frequency. In the near-field case the same method is applied for short sub-arrays for retrieving a set of local spatial frequencies that allows calculation of the source position. The precision of proposed methods is analyzed via computer simulations
Brain-Skin Connection: Stress, Inflammation and Skin Aging

The intricate relationship between stress and skin conditions has been documented since ancient times. Recent clinical observations also link psychological stress to the onset or aggravation of multiple skin diseases. However, the exact underlying mechanisms have only been studied and partially revealed in the past 20 years or so. In this review, the authors will discuss the recent discoveries in the field of “Brain-Skin Connection”, summarizing findings from the overlapping fields of psychology, endocrinology, skin neurobiology, skin inflammation, immunology, and pharmacology.
monotherapy: A phase ii trial of Second- line treatment of metastatic Non-Small-Cell lung Cancer

non-small-cell lung cancer represents almost 85% of all lung cancers, with many patients having advanced disease at the time of diagnosis and therefore requiring medical treatment combining different drugs 1,2,3,4,. Cisplatin plays a central role in cancer chemotherapy despite its toxicity. Response rates of 25-50% have been observed for chemo-naive non-small-cell lung cancer (nsCLC) patients treated with cisplatin in combination with gemcitabine or taxanes. Response rates are very discouraging in secondor third-line chemotherapy treatments 5. The efficacy of cisplatin, one of the most important agents, is dose-dependent, but dosage is limited by the significant risk of renal and gastrointestinal toxicity, ototoxicity and toxic neuropathy 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11. Therefore one of the major aims in advanced lung disease is to find new, more active but less toxic, therapeutic agents 12. some of the more important of the latter agents are those modified through molecular engineering. Lipoplatin TM, a new liposomal cisplatin formulation, was developed in order to reduce the systemic toxicity of cisplatin and enhance tumor targeting. This molecule measures 110 nm and is composed of a lipid shell made of dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl glycerol (DPPG), soy phosphatidyl-choline (sPC-3), cholesterol (CHOL), and methoxy-polyethylene glycol-distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine lipid conjugate (mMPEG 2000-DsPE), containing a central core of cisplatinum, with a ratio of cisplatinum to lipids of 8.9% cisplatin and 91.1% total lipids 13. A peg polymer coating is added to the molecule. (Regulon, 715 north shoreline Boulevard Mountain View, California 94043, Regulon, AE, 7 Grigoriou Afxentiou, Alimos 17455, Greece). This lipoplatin tm monotherapy: A phase ii trial of Second-
A hybrid approach for retrieving diverse social images of landmarks

In this paper, we present a novel method that can produce a visual description of a landmark by choosing the most diverse pictures that best describe all the details of the queried location from community-contributed datasets. The main idea of this method is to filter out non-relevant images at a first stage and then cluster the images according to textual descriptors first, and then to visual descriptors. The extraction of images from different clusters according to a measure of user's credibility, allows obtaining a reliable set of diverse and relevant images. Experimental results performed on the MediaEval 2014 “Retrieving Diverse Social Images” dataset show that the proposed approach can achieve very good performance outperforming state-of-art techniques.
Hydrological Behavior of Grasslands of the Sandhills of Nebraska: Hydrological Behavior of Grasslands of the Sandhills of Nebraska: Water and Energy Balance Assessment from Measurements, Water and Energy Balance Assessment from Measurements, Treatments and Modeling Treatments and Modeling

Understanding energy and water balance processes in the Sandhills is crucial to assess the land-atmosphere feedback effects. The Sandhills located in western Nebraska covers a vast grassland ecosystem with limited variability in vegetation and soil. However, the combined effect of topography, land cover and micrometeorology by subjecting the land surface to various disturbances and treatments is rarely studied. The NOAH Land Surface Model was used to estimate net radiation, latent, sensible and ground heat fluxes as well as water balance components for two growing seasons between 2005 and 2006 in various plots at the Grasslands Destabilization Experimental site where these plots were subjected to four different treatments and located at two topographical locations namely high and low positions. The simulated results of net radiation and ground heat fluxes correlated well with measurements. While the amount of precipitation received was between 900 and 1000 mm for both seasons, on a daily and sub-daily time scale, the partitioning of net radiation into latent, sensible and ground heat fluxes showed high variability across the plots, primarily driven by vegetation and soil moisture. Total evapotranspiration and soil moisture averages suggested the influence of vegetation and timing of precipitation also in controlling various land surface processes in the Sandhills. This study provides a framework for using the LSM to quantify the feedback effects and emphasizes the importance of microtopography and land treatments in the model environment .
Efficient implementation for MD5-RC4 encryption using GPU with CUDA

Benefit from the novel Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) introduced by NVIDIA, Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) turns out to be a promising solution for cryptography applications. In this paper we present an efficient implementation for MD5-RC4 encryption using NVIDIA GPU with novel CUDA programming framework. The MD5-RC4 encryption algorithm was implemented on NVIDIA GeForce 9800GTX GPU. The performance of our solution is compared with the implementation running on an AMD Sempron Processor LE-1200 CPU. The results show that our GPU-based implementation exhibits a performance gain of about 3–5 times speedup for the MD5-RC4 encryption algorithm.