Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing the impact of seasonality on Cross River Gorilla Nest Construction at Kagwene Gorilla Sanctuary, North-West Cameroon

The Cross River gorilla, one of the most endangered subspecies of western gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) is endemic to 12 to 14 sites at the Cameroon-Nigeria border, where it is facing enormous threats from habitat loss, bush meat trade and minor climate changes (seasonal changes). In a strive to reduce the enormous stressors on this subspecies, this study assesses the impact of seasonality on nest construction by Cross River gorillas in the Kagwene Gorilla Sanctuary with the objective of evaluating the impact of seasonal changes on the nest construction. To achieve this goal, the study employed a hunter guided survey team, as well as guides/trackers of the Wildlife Conservation Society. This team regularly tracks and searches the forest for gorilla signs using vegetation trails, food prints, dung, and feeding signs which are subsequently followed onwards to the nesting site. Data were collected from January to December 2014. A total of 268 fresh gorilla nest sites were observed containing 1813 individual nests. Out of the 1813 nests recorded, 39.6% (N=718) of the nests were on the ground and 60.4% (N=1095) on trees. The frequency of each nest type varied significantly among months (P =0.4433). There was a significant effect of season on nest category. Ground categories (bare earth, herbaceous, woody and mixed) were more common in the dry season (74.9%) than in the wet season (25.1%). On the other hand, tree nests were more common in the wet season (77.4%) than in the dry season (22.6%). Mean nest diameter for the two seasons (dry and wet) was 1.1 and 1.3 m, respectively. The mean nest height was 12.5 m for both seasons. Cross River gorillas showed higher preferences for tree nests within the height class interval of 11 to 15 m (49.6%). The distribution of nests across gradient of altitudes did not vary significantly between seasons (P>0.05), and nests were most common on steep slopes (n=810). Seasonality did not significantly affect the choice of slope (P>0.05). There was a significant difference in the habitat types (primary forest, light gap, secondary forest and rock) used for nesting, with primary forest being most preferred. Nest site distribution was predominant in the northern section of the sanctuary. This study reveals that, both temperature and rainfall play an important role in nest construction by Cross River gorilla at Kagwene. Key words: Cross River gorilla, nest, seasonality, Kagwene Gorilla Sanctuary.
Experience with a Distributed File System Implementation with Adaptive

This paper highlights some of the lessons learned during the course of implementing xFS, a fully distributed file system. xFS is an interesting case study for two reasons. First, xFS''s serverless architecture leads to more complex distributed programming issues than are faced by traditional client-server operating system services. Second, xFS implements a complex, multithreaded service that is tightly coupled with the underlying operating system. This combination turned out to be quite challenging. On one hand, the complexity of the system forced us to turn to distributed programming tools based on formal methods to verify the correctness of our distributed algorithms; on the other hand the complex interactions with the operating system on individual nodes violated some of the tools'' assumptions, making it difficult to use them in this environment. Furthermore, the xFS system tested the limits of abstractions such as threads, RPC, and vnodes that have traditionally been used in building distributed file systems. Based on our experience, we suggest several strategies that should be followed by those wishing to build distributed operating systems services, and we also indicate several areas where programming tools and operating system abstractions might be improved.
Modeling Porosity Evolution Throughout Reaction‐Induced Fracturing in Rocks With Implications for Serpentinization

Numerical modeling based on the discrete element method was used to explore the kinetics and mechanics of fractures induced by mineral volumetric expansion during rock hydration. Two systems were considered: the hydration of periclase into brucite and the hydration of peridotite into serpentine. We modeled the coupling between mineral transformation, stress, volume increase, and deformation by simulating the volumetric growth of discrete elements based upon an Avrami‐type kinetics equation. The model was implemented to consider the effects of stress and temperature on reaction kinetics as well as the alteration of material properties during hydration reactions. We were able to reproduce experimental evidences observed during the transformation of periclase into brucite, including volume growth, fracturing of periclase, formation of a porosity pulse, as well as the slow‐down effect of effective stress on the kinetics of the transformation. The model was also applied to study the serpentinization process. We estimated a bell‐shaped relationship between temperature and reaction rate of peridotite transformation following observations made during serpentinization experiments. For both periclase and peridotite systems, we characterized a relationship between the formation of a porosity pulse and the rate of fracture development within the medium. During serpentinization, the amplitude of the porosity pulse and the duration of this pulse depend on the reaction rate and, therefore, on the temperature. Our investigations provide geomechanical explanations on how native dihydrogen formed during serpentinization can be expelled and initiates its migration process.
Re-evaluation of the contrast uptake in the hepatic tumour at Gd-DTAP-EOB-enhanced MRI: the facts revealed by calibration-constant split-dynamic technique

Poster: "ECR 2014 / C-2245 / Re-evaluation of the contrast uptake in the hepatic tumour at Gd-DTAP-EOB-enhanced MRI: the facts revealed by calibration-constant split-dynamic technique" by: "M. Nagai, K. Nasu, K. Mori, M. Minami; Tsukuba, Ibaraki/JP"
Estimation and forecast of carbon dioxide emission in Iran: Introducing a new hybrid modelling

Abstract Aim/purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new hybrid modelling to predict carbon dioxide emissions in order to make the correct decision to reduce air pollution in Iran. While there are not many data available for some variables, in this modelling, the goal is to make accurate predictions even with low data. Design/methodology/approach – In the present paper, CO2 emissions in Iran in the period of 1980-2014 was predicted using three models of Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), Fuzzy Linear Regression (FLR) and hybrid model based on combination of ARDL and FLR models, and then the prediction accuracy of the models is compared. Findings – Comparing prediction accuracy of models showed that the Fuzzy Auto- -Regressive Distributed Lag (FARDL) is more accurate than the initial patterns for predicting carbon dioxide emissions. Finally, the results showed that GDP and energy consumption has a positive and significant correlation with carbon dioxide emissions in short run. Also, the carbon dioxide emission indicated a low elasticity towards GDP and low energy consumption. Research implications/limitations – When the number of data is low, the FARDL model provides a more accurate prediction than ARDL and FLR Models. FARDL’s combined model reduces the problems that exist in the ARDL and FLR models. One of the problems with the ARDL model is the need for many tests; the problem with the fuzzy regression model is also the high fuzzy distance length that makes decision making difficult. The FARDL model eliminates these constraints as much as possible. Originality/value/contribution – This paper has been able to confirm that Fuzzy Auto- -Regressive Distributed Lag (FARDL) is more accurate than the initial patterns for predicting carbon dioxide emissions.
Deep chronic cutaneous New World leishmaniasis due to Leishmania guyanensis and trichinellosis in a German returnee from Ecuador

© Our Dermatol Online 3.2019 272 How to cite this article: Wollina U, Koch A, Bitel A. Deep chronic cutaneous New World leishmaniasis due to Leishmania guyanensis and trichinellosis in a German returnee from Ecuador. Our Dermatol Online. 2019;10(3):272-274. Submission: 08.13.2019; Acceptance: 07.02. 2019 DOI: 10.7241/ourd.20193. 12 Deep chronic cutaneous New World leishmaniasis due to Leishmania guyanensis and trichinellosis in a German returnee from Ecuador
Feasibility of Using Grammars to Infer Room Semantics

Current indoor mapping approaches can detect accurate geometric information but are incapable of detecting the room type or dismiss this issue. This work investigates the feasibility of inferring the room type by using grammars based on geometric maps. Specifically, we take the research buildings at universities as examples and create a constrained attribute grammar to represent the spatial distribution characteristics of different room types as well as the topological relations among them. Based on the grammar, we propose a bottom-up approach to construct a parse forest and to infer the room type. During this process, Bayesian inference method is used to calculate the initial probability of belonging an enclosed room to a certain type given its geometric properties (e.g., area, length, and width) that are extracted from the geometric map. The approach was tested on 15 maps with 408 rooms. In 84% of cases, room types were defined correctly. It, to a certain degree, proves that grammars can benefit semantic enrichment (in particular, room type tagging).
Performance Comparison of AODV, DSR, DSDV and OLSR MANET Routing Protocols

A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of arbitrarily moving wireless mobile nodes that are infrastructure-less, self-organized and self-configurable. They can function even in rapidly changing topologies. Due to this highly dynamic environment, routing in MANET is a difficult, yet crucial task. Over the last decade, various routing protocols have been proposed for the mobile ad-hoc network and some of the most important among these are AODV, DSR, DSDV and OLSR. This research paper gives the overview of these routing protocols and their comparative analysis based on similar environment conditions. We evaluate their performance based on Packet Delivery Ratio, Throughput and Average end-to-end delay. The simulation results dictated that OLSR and DSDV perform best in networks where nodes were less mobile and densely populated. AODV was suitable for networks with more number of nodes. DSR performed well in networks with low mobility rate and a lower traffic density. Keywords—MANET; AODV; DSR; DSDV; OLSR
Maintaining salt marshes in the face of sea level rise — review of literature and techniques

Guidance relevant to the maintenance and restoration of coastal salt marshes in the face of sea level rise is limited and sometimes conflicting; an understanding of ecological considerations and best management practices are needed to inform restoration and management that is appropriate, timely, successful, and sustainable. A literature search was conducted to assess the severity of current and projected impacts of sea level rise on salt marshes throughout the coastal regions of the United States, to identify other stressors contributing to relative sea level rise, to assess and consolidate current practices in marsh management, and to identify knowledge gaps that are impediments to development of consistent best management practices for restoring or maintaining marshes exhibiting degradation due to relative sea level rise. Literature identified in this search is synthesized, organized by stressor type, relevant metrics, management actions, and adaptive management. The citations are presented in such a way as to be easily utilized by managers of marshes degraded by relative sea level rise. The results of this literature search will inform data acquisition efforts to address data gaps and uncertainties necessary to support development of a holistic approach to identifying, sustaining, and restoring impacted marsh areas. DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. DESTROY THIS REPORT WHEN NO LONGER NEEDED. DO NOT RETURN IT TO THE ORIGINATOR.
Space-time differentiation of drivers of and barriers to H5N1 avian influenza evolution in Vietnam

Domestic poultry act as a reservoir for persistent H5N1 endemicity in Vietnam, and the circulation of poultry flocks across farms and to market is thought to drive the spatial movement and evolution of avian influenza viruses. Using a dataset of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses collected in domestic poultry in Vietnam from 2003 to 2007, I explore potential differences in genetic characteristics according to species of isolation and the spatio-temporal characteristics of the viruses. Through clustering algorithms and analysis of variance, I find that H5N1 viruses in Vietnam show distinct patterns of genetic differentiation according to the year in which they were isolated. There also exist differences in the amount of genetic change that chicken viruses experience as compared to duck viruses, with duck viruses showing higher rates of molecular evolution on all eight of influenza’s gene segments. These findings suggest that molecular evolution of avian influenza viruses is continuous through time but also mediated by the species in which the viruses occur, information which has implications for prevention efforts.
Technical Analysis From A To Z

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An Eye-Tracking Human-Machine Interface Using an Auto Correction Method

In this paper, a novel design of an eye-tracking device with an auto correction method is discussed. In this eye-tracking system, an infrared CCD camera captures the eye image from the screen with the help of a USB interface. The locations of the pupil of eye image are calculated, compared with the previous point and mapped to the point of the screen. When the cursor is out of control of the eye, a correction theory is used to account for the reflexive action of psychological natural reaction to correct the system automatically. The theoretical design of automatic correction can continue until the unreasonable action of the eye is judged to be ignored. Experimental results verified that this image system provides an economical and effective method for eye-tracking. With the auto correction method, the gaze point can be extracted successfully by means of the correction for incorrect mapping ratio with 97% accuracy. We hope this auto correction method for the eye-control functions can help some people to use computers more conveniently.
Automatic and Semantically-Aware 3D UAV Flight Planning for Image-Based 3D Reconstruction

Small-scaled unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) emerge as ideal image acquisition platforms due to their high maneuverability even in complex and tightly built environments. The acquired images can be utilized to generate high-quality 3D models using current multi-view stereo approaches. However, the quality of the resulting 3D model highly depends on the preceding flight plan which still requires human expert knowledge, especially in complex urban and hazardous environments. In terms of safe flight plans, practical considerations often define prohibited and restricted airspaces to be accessed with the vehicle. We propose a 3D UAV path planning framework designed for detailed and complete small-scaled 3D reconstructions considering the semantic properties of the environment allowing for user-specified restrictions on the airspace. The generated trajectories account for the desired model resolution and the demands on a successful photogrammetric reconstruction. We exploit semantics from an initial flight to extract the target object and to define restricted and prohibited airspaces which have to be avoided during the path planning process to ensure a safe and short UAV path, while still aiming to maximize the object reconstruction quality. The path planning problem is formulated as an orienteering problem and solved via discrete optimization exploiting submodularity and photogrammetrical relevant heuristics. An evaluation of our method on a customized synthetic scene and on outdoor experiments suggests the real-world capability of our methodology by providing feasible, short and safe flight plans for the generation of detailed 3D reconstruction models.
Remote Sensing for Maritime Prompt Monitoring

The main purpose of this paper is to describe a software platform dedicated to sea surveillance, capable of detecting and identifying illegal maritime traffic. This platform results from the cascade pipeline of several image processing algorithms that input Radar or Optical imagery captured by satellite-borne sensors and try to identify vessel targets in the scene and provide quantitative descriptors about their shape and motion. This platform is innovative since it integrates in its architecture heterogeneous data and data processing solutions with the goal of identifying navigating vessels in a unique and completely automatic processing streamline. More in detail, the processing chain consists of: (i) the detection of target vessels in an input map; (ii) the estimation of each vessel’s most descriptive geometrical and scatterometric (for radar images) features; (iii) the estimation of the kinematics of each vessel; (iv) the prediction of each vessel’s forthcoming route; and (v) the visualization of the results in a dedicated webGIS interface. The resulting platform represents a novel tool to counteract unauthorized fishing and tackle irregular migration and the related smuggling activities.
Understanding Bison Carrying Capacity Estimation in Northern Great Plains Using Remote Sensing and GIS

Abstract As an iconic species linked to First Nations culture and economy in western North America, wild plains bison (Bison bison bison) currently rely on intensive management to persist. Yet, their presence maintains grassland ecological function, protects biodiversity and preserves important cultural heritage. Estimating carrying capacity is a key to achieve wildlife conservation without risking overall ecosystem health. Plains bison carrying capacity should be estimated to provide guideline for developing subsequent management plans. We reckoned that drivers of plains bison carrying capacity are forage availability and animal requirement, meanwhile its adjusting factors comprise spatio-temporal distribution and sustainable consideration. An integration of remote sensing and GIS can help to investigate variables of carrying capacity. Also Habitat Suitability Model built in Geographic Information System (GIS) is able to compile variables influencing carrying capacity. The review found multiple challenges of carrying capacity estimation in terms of implementing and practicing not only from remote sensing and GIS perspective. We expect that the advancement of remote sensors in accordance with modern GIS technology can provide timely effective carrying capacity estimation to achieve conservation goals of animal species as well as maintain sustainable ecosystems.
Graph-Theoretic Algorithms for Monitoring and Control of Large Networked Dynamic Systems.

NUDELL, THOMAS R. Graph-Theoretic Algorithms for Monitoring and Control of Large Networked Dynamic Systems. (Under the direction of Aranya Chakrabortty.) This thesis develops algorithms for monitoring and control of large networked dynamic systems with applications to large-scale power systems. Each monitoring and control deserve their own part, and while treated distinctly, they are united by a common graph-theoretic framework, namely exploiting and controlling the graph-theoretic discrete nodal domains of the underlying network. In Part I, we develop novel measurement-based, graph-theoretic algorithms for localizing disturbances (attacks) in large clustered consensus networks. We initially develop a localization algorithm, which shows how the discrete nodal domains play a role in the measured system dynamics, for smaller graphs. We show how this algorithm can be used for localization in large clustered networks, utilizing the multi-time-scale properties of such networks. We also rigorously extend these results to second-order synchronization networks, such as swing models of power systems. Finally, using techniques for real-time topology identification, we develop an architecture in which our localization algorithm can be deployed for power system monitoring in real-time without relying on a-priori assumptions of the underlying network. The focus of Part II shifts to developing and implementing graph-theoretic wide-area control designs to large clustered networks. Based on the results from Part I, we first design optimal state feedback control laws to ensure localizability of disturbances in the aggregate network. We develop these results for weighted tree graphs. Finally, we show how these aggregate control designs can be implemented in the full network using wide-area control inversion. © Copyright 2015 by Thomas R. Nudell
Sharing sign language corpora online: proposals for transcription and metadata categories

This paper presents the results of a European project called ECHO, specifically an effort to publish sign language corpora online. The aim of the ECHO project was to explore the intricacies of sharing data using the internet in all areas of the humanities. For sign language, this involved adding a specific profile to the IMDI metadata set for characterizing spoken language corpora, and developing a set of transcription conventions that are useful for a broad audience of linguists. In addition to presenting these results, we outline some options for future technological developments, and bring forward some ethical problems relating to publishing video data on
OPTIMIZACIÓN DEL TRANSPORTE DE CAÑA DE AZÚCAR EN TUCUMÁN UTILIZANDO SISTEMAS MULTIAGENTES OPTIMIZATION OF SUGAR CANE TRANSPORTATION IN TUCUMÁN USING MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS

This paper aims to show the development of a mathematical model and a Multiagent System for optimizing the transport of sugar cane, from the farm to the mill. This optimization involves considering factors such as the efficiency of cane production, the performance of the mills, transportation costs, etc., making it a complex problem. Our proposal seeks to maximize the energetic balance of the whole system, taking into account various operational constraints, looking for a scalable and parallelizable system, considering the size and complexity of the problem. The system was tested with synthetic data and compared with a similar one based on linear programming, developed in a previous work. The results show that our system is suitable for the proposed problem, with similar results in considerable less time.