Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Physical Exercise on Secretion of Growth Hormone, Glucagon, and Cortisol in Obese and Diabetic Children

The effect of muscular exertion of moderate intensity on blood sugar (BS), plasma levels of growth hormone (GH), glucagon, and cortisol (F) has been studied in endocrinologically normal children with short stature and compared with children with clinical diabetes mellitus and obese children with normal and diminished carbohydrate tolerance. In diabetic children, physical exertion induces a rise in plasma GH levels comparable to that in controls; in obese children with normal or with diminished glucose tolerance, the rise is considerably smaller. Physical exertion caused no change in F levels in the groups tested, although basal level in the obese children was significantly higher than in the controls. Basal glucagon levels were similar in all groups and showed no change on physical exertion. The behavior of GH and glucagon in diabetic children was comparable to that in the controls even where blood sugar level was high.
The impact of permethrin‐impregnated bednets on malaria vectors of the Kenyan coast

Abstract. The effects of introducing permethrin‐impregnated bednets on local populations of the malaria vector mosquitoes Anopheles funestus and the An.gambiae complex was monitored during a randomized controlled trial at Kilifi on the Kenyan coast. Pyrethrum spray collections inside 762 households were conducted between May 1994 and April 1995 after the introduction of bednets in half of the study area. All‐night human bait collections were performed in two zones (one control and one intervention) for two nights each month during the same period. PCR identifications of An.gambiae sensu lato showed that proportions of sibling species were An.gambiae sensu stricto > An.merus > An.arabiensis.
Circadian rhythms and episodic hormone secretion in man.

The temporal ordering of physiological and pathological processes has always been of considerable interest to the biological scientist as well as to the clinician. How­ ever, the historical dominance of the concept of constancy of the "milieu interior" and biological homeostasis as formulated by Claude Bernard in France and Walter B. Cannon in the United States has directed most past research efforts in the direction of studying stimulus-response and steady-state mechanisms. During the past 25 years, however, the field of biological rhythms has made great strides and has emphasized that all singleand multicell organisms and a wide variety of biological functions within these organisms demonstrate endogenous oscillatory behavior. The disciplines of endocrinology and neuroendocrinology have been at the forefront of these issues because of the critical interface relationsips of the central and peripheral nervous system, endocrine secretory systems, and the blood circulat­ ing communicative pathway. During the past ten years there has been a major conceptual change emphasizing the rhythmic oscillatory and episodic temporal ordering of neuroendocrine events in relation to the 24-hr sleep-waking rhythm. The cross-fertilization of the disciplines of biological rhythms, sleep physiology, and neuroendocrinology has led to a series of important observations which have chal­ lenged 24-hr homeostatic and steady-state concepts. The use of the techniques of frequent serial blood sampling, sophisticated microchemical assay techniques, and polygraphic sleep stage analysis have allowed studies to be carried out in man correlating large numbers of sequential multiple hormone measurements with sleep­ waking functional states. The results of these studies have demonstrated that hor-
Brain Serotonin Transporter Binding of [123I]ADAM: Within‐Subject Variation between Summer and Winter Data

The neurotransmitter serotonin (5‐HT) controls several physiological functions, and a disturbance of the 5‐HT system is implicated in many psychiatric conditions. Seasonal variation has been suggested in the 5‐HT system. We investigated within‐subject seasonal variation in brain serotonin transporter (SERT) binding with the SERT‐ligand [123I]ADAM and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in 12 healthy individuals. No systematic variation was found in the midbrain or thalamus areas between scans done in summer and winter. Our results suggest that factors other than season are more important in causing within‐subject variation of brain SERT binding between summer and winter. (Author correspondence: anu.koskela@helsinki.fi)
Depression in university students: associations with impulse control disorders

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the implications of depression in a sample of university students, particularly relating to impulse control disorders. While previous studies have shown high rates of depression among university students, no study to date has assessed whether levels of depression show associations with the incidence of impulse control disorders in this population. Methods: In all, 6000 students participated in the College Student Computer Use Survey. A total of 1717 students completed the scales of interest for this analysis. Participants were assigned to groups based on depression scores: severe (N = 75), mild/moderate (N = 647) and none (N = 995). The three groups were assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) or chi-square test. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to elucidate associations between depression and impulse control disorder diagnoses. Results: Groups differed across demographic, health and academic variables. The severe depression group reported higher rates of skin-picking disorder, compulsive sexual behaviour and compulsive buying. Conclusion: Results suggest a significant association between depression and impulse control disorders. One possibility is that a facet of impulsivity contributes to both problems, which could be important information for clinicians. Future studies will need to clarify the exact nature of the relationship between depression and impulse control disorders.
Minimum energy biped running gait and development of energy regeneration leg

This paper presents a method to generate a trajectory of a biped running motion with minimum energy consumption. It is formulated as an optimal control problem with certain terminal conditions. The problem is to find input joint torques and initial posture that minimize input energy during running motion under the condition that the robot takes completely periodic and symmetric motion, given the step period and the stride. The energy regeneration is considered. Exact and general formulation of the problem based on recursive representation of a robot is proposed. Through the numerical study of a five link planar biped robot, it is found that big peak power and torque is required for the knee joints but its consumption power is negative small and the main work is done by the hip joints. Based on this result, a leg module with elastomer spring joints is introduced for energy regeneration purpose.
Knowledge Management Processes, Tools and Techniques for Counterterrorism

Knowledge about the structure and organization of terrorist networks is important for both terrorism investigation and the development of effective strategies to prevent terrorist attacks. Theory from the knowledge management field plays an important role in dealing with terrorist information. Knowledge management processes, tools, and techniques can help intelligence analysts in various ways when trying to make sense of the vast amount of data being collected. This paper presents the latest research on the CrimeFighter toolbox for counterterrorism. CrimeFighter provides advanced mathematical models and software tools to assist intelligence analysts in harvesting, filtering, storing, managing, analyzing, structuring, mining, interpreting, and visualizing terrorist information.
A Data Integration Framework for Urban Systems Analysis Based on Geo-Relationship Learning

The world is rapidly urbanizing, and for the first time in history over 50% of the world’s population reside in urban areas. This rapid urbanization brings about tremendous challenges at the intersection of governance, infrastructure and the environment. Advanced sensing and data analytics techniques have been developed in the context of so called “smart cities” with the goal of providing insights on how urban systems could be designed and managed more effectively. However, the proliferation of data from heterogeneous sources makes interoperability and mining of such urban data streams difficult. Facilitating the extraction of insights that support data-informed policymaking and program recommendations will require frameworks to integrate such heterogeneous data streams. In this paper, we introduce a novel data integration framework that utilizes a RDF (Resource Description Framework) model to integrate disparate urban data streams based on geo-relationships that are iteratively learned from semantic information and the structure of relational databases. The development of our framework was driven by interviews and observations of city officials responsible for managing and integrating urban data and a review of the various types of disparate datasets generated from sources like departmental databases, sensors, and crowdsourcing. Finally, we apply our proposed framework to an urban data scenario in order to demonstrate the applicability and usefulness of the framework.
Telomere longitudinal shortening as a biomarker for dementia status of adults with Down syndrome

Previous studies have suggested that Alzheimer's disease (AD) causes an accelerated shortening of telomeres, the ends of chromosomes consisting of highly conserved TTAGGG repeats that, because of unidirectional 5′–3′ DNA synthesis, lose end point material with each cell division. Our own previous work suggested that telomere length of T‐lymphocytes might be a remarkably accurate biomarker for “mild cognitive impairment” in adults with Down syndrome (MCI‐DS), a population at dramatically high risk for AD. To verify that the progression of cognitive and functional losses due to AD produced this observed telomere shortening, we have now examined sequential changes in telomere length in five individuals with Down syndrome (3F, 2M) as they transitioned from preclinical AD to MCI‐DS (N = 4) or dementia (N = 1). As in our previous studies, we used PNA (peptide nucleic acid) probes for telomeres and the chromosome 2 centromere (as an “internal standard” expected to be unaffected by aging or dementia status), with samples from the same individuals now collected prior to and following development of MCI‐DS or dementia. Consistent shortening of telomere length was observed over time. Further comparisons with our previous cross‐sectional findings indicated that telomere lengths prior to clinical decline were similar to those of other adults with Down syndrome (DS) who have not experienced clinical decline while telomere lengths following transition to MCI‐DS or dementia in the current study were comparable to those of other adults with DS who have developed MCI‐DS or dementia. Taken together, findings indicate that telomere length has significant promise as a biomarker of clinical progression of AD for adults with DS, and further longitudinal studies of a larger sample of individuals with DS are clearly warranted to validate these findings and determine if and how factors affecting AD risk also influence these measures of telomere length. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long‐term impact of childhood selective dorsal rhizotomy on pain, fatigue, and function: a case–control study

Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) is a surgical treatment for spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Studies suggest long‐lasting effects of SDR on spasticity; long‐term effects on symptoms and function are not clear. This study tested whether adults with CP (average 22y after SDR) report less pain, fatigue, and functional decline than a retrospectively assessed non‐surgical comparison group.
Pedicle screw navigation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of perforation risk for computer-navigated versus freehand insertion.

OBJECT In this paper the authors' goal was to compare the accuracy of computer-navigated pedicle screw insertion with nonnavigated techniques in the published literature. METHODS The authors performed a systematic literature review using the National Center for Biotechnology Information Database (PubMed/MEDLINE) using the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms "Neuronavigation," "Therapy, computer assisted," and "Stereotaxic techniques," and the text word "pedicle. " Included in the meta-analysis were randomized control trials or patient cohort series, all of which compared computer-navigated spine surgery (CNSS) and nonassisted pedicle screw insertions. The primary end point was pedicle perforation, while the secondary end points were operative time, blood loss, and complications. RESULTS Twenty studies were included for analysis; of which there were 18 cohort studies and 2 randomized controlled trials published between 2000 and 2011. Foreign-language papers were translated. The total number of screws included was 8539 (4814 navigated and 3725 nonnavigated). The most common indications for surgery were degenerative disease, spinal deformity, myelopathy, tumor, and trauma. Navigational methods were primarily based on CT imaging. All regions of the spine were represented. The relative risk for pedicle screw perforation was determined to be 0.39 (p < 0.001), favoring navigation. The overall pedicle screw perforation risk for navigation was 6%, while the overall pedicle screw perforation risk was 15% for conventional insertion. No related neurological complications were reported with navigated insertion (4814 screws total); there were 3 neurological complications in the nonnavigated group (3725 screws total). Furthermore, the meta-analysis did not reveal a significant difference in total operative time and estimated blood loss when comparing the 2 modalities. CONCLUSIONS There is a significantly lower risk of pedicle perforation for navigated screw insertion compared with nonnavigated insertion for all spinal regions.
Detection as well as removal of black hole and gray hole attack in MANET

A lot of mobile network works in today network Mobile Ad-hoc Network is a special kind of network which works on variable (not fixed) networks. Due to dynamic characteristics and addictive functionality, these are suffers from various types of attacks. Black-hole and gray-hole attack is one type of attack which harms and attacks on MANET. In this attack the malicious (unwanted node) distract the data packets that it feels is having shortest and the freshest route to the destination node so sender forwards all the data packets to it. After receiving the data packets, it drops them to create a Denial of service attack or processes to extract information from the packet. In this paper a technique is being proposed for detection of the black-hole or malicious node. In this technique, a new procedure a kind of trap method is added in AODV protocol for the detection of malicious nodes. When the Black-hole node is detected after that an alarming method is triggered to make other nodes aware of malicious nodes.
Discrimination of Burkholderia gladiolifrom Other Burkholderia Species Detectable in Cystic Fibrosis Patients by PCR

ABSTRACT A procedure for molecular identification of Burkholderia gladioli is described. Specific 16S and 23S rRNA gene signature sequences were defined as primers for PCR. The method allows rapid and specific discrimination of B. gladioli from related species (B. cepacia, B. multivorans, B. vietnamiensis, B. mallei, B. pseudomallei, Ralstonia pickettii, and R. eutropha) and should contribute to the clarification of its role as a human pathogen, e.g., in cystic fibrosis.
Análise crítica das indicações e resultados do tratamento cirúrgico da doença carotídea Critical analysis of indications and outcomes of surgical treatment for carotid disease

Treatment of carotid disease has been in focus over the past years, especially with the advent of the endovascular technique, which supports use of carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) in “high-risk” patients for carotid endarterectomy (CAE). We analyzed current outcomes of the treatment for carotid disease using both techniques. Furthermore, we performed some comments based on data from the literature, particularly in high-risk patients. We conclude that, up to the present moment, there is no evidence and justification for large use of CAS in patients with carotid disease, even in high-risk patients, such as in octogenarians. However, we believe that CAS could be useful in the treatment of a small number of patients with carotid disease (less than 4%), such as those with hostile neck, previous cervical radiation and in some cases of high carotid stenosis. When performed using the required technical skills, CAE is still the best choice for patients with carotid disease.
Isolation and Characterization of Amylase Producing Yeasts and Improvement of Amylase Production

Objectives: Because most of the yeasts from nature are not harmful as compared to bacteria, interest in yeasts with potential use in biotechnological processes has increased in recent years. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to isolate and characterize amylase producing yeasts and investigate the effects of different parameters on the production of amylase. Methods: Five different sources were used for the isolation of the yeasts. For screening of the amylase production, the isolates were incubated in Amylase Activity Medium at 30°C for 3 days. The amylase activity was determined by dinitrosalicylic acid method. Molecular char- acterization of the amylase producing yeasts was performed with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the 5.8S and 18S rRNA regions, and sequence analysis of D1/D2 domain of the 26S rRNA region. Results: In total, twenty five yeast isolates were obtained from five different sources. Fol- lowing the incubation in medium containing starch for the screening of amylase production, it was found that 12 yeast isolates produce amylase, and among the isolates, three of them showed the highest amylase activity. The isolates (19-3, 19-6 and 19-7) having the highest activity were identified as S. fibuligera. The strains showed the highest amylase production at 30°C and pH 5.5. Among additives, sodium chloride, polyethylene glycol, sodium dodecyl sulfate, Triton X-100 and Tween 80 stimulated the production of amylase. Other additives showed negative influence on the production of enzyme. Conclusion: The study revealed that favorable fermentation conditions and the selection of suitable growth parameters played key roles in the production of amylase by S. fibuligera.
In vivo interleukin 6 gene expression in the tumoral environment in multiple myeloma

Whether interleukin 6 (IL6) is an autocrine or paracrine myeloma cell growth factor in vivo remains unresolved. To identify which cells are producing IL 6 in vivo, we have studied the IL 6 gene expression in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) of 19 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 9 patients with plasma cell leukemia (PCL). We found that the IL 6 gene was transcribed by BMMC of most patients with MM (79%). Further, IL 6 mRNA was not produced by purified myeloma cells from patients with either MM (5 patients) or PCL, but by the bone marrow environment, mainly by monocytes and myeloid cells (CD13+CD15+ cells). For 2 patients with PCL, for whom PBMC and BMMC samples were available, IL 6 mRNA could be detected in BMMC but not in PBMC. Finally, no IL 6 mRNA was detected in five freshly established IL 6‐dependent myeloma cell lines. The present data give a clear‐cut demonstration of the paracrine origin of IL 6 in vivo in human MM.
Cell signaling through membrane mucins.

MUC1 and MUC4 are the two membrane mucins that have been best characterized. Although they have superficially similar structures and have both been shown to provide steric protection of epithelial surfaces, recent studies have also implicated them in cellular signaling. They act by substantially different mechanisms, MUC4 as a receptor ligand and MUC1 as a docking protein for signaling molecules. MUC4 is a novel intramembrane ligand for the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB2/HER2/Neu, triggering a specific phosphorylation of the ErbB2 in the absence of other ErbB ligands and potentiating phosphorylation and signaling through the ErbB2/ErbB3 heterodimeric receptor complex formed in the presence of neuregulin. In contrast, MUC1 has a highly conserved cytoplasmic tail, which binds beta-catenin, a key component of adherens junctions and a regulator of transcription, in a process that is tightly regulated by MUC1 phosphorylation. The specific localization of these membrane mucins to the apical surfaces of epithelial cells suggests that their signaling functions may be important as sensor mechanisms in response to invasion or damage of epithelia.
Simultaneous community discovery and user interests extraction in social network based on probabilistic model

This article addresses the problem of discovering latent communities and topics simultaneously in social network. With the advent of online social networking, the automatic discovering communities is vital for understanding the cooperation and interaction patterns of users in these social networks. In this paper, we propose probabilistic generative models to detect latent communities by incorporating both the information of relationships and the textural content. Different from previous work, topics and user community memberships cannot be generated independently, but have a greater degree of correspondence between them. We assume that community membership is dependent on the user and a subset of topics which the user is really interested in. Furthermore, the heterogeneous relationship strengths were used to improve community discovery. These models treat community and topic as different latent variables but interdependent with each other and mutually reinforcing. Experiments on real-world dataset have shown that our models have the capability to detect well-connected and topically meaningful communities.
Use of Descriptive Statistical Indicators for Aggregating Environmental Data in Multi-Scale European Databases

There is a strong need for accurate and spatially referenced information regarding policy making and model linkage. This need has been expressed by land users, and policy and decision makers in order to estimate spatially and locally the impacts of European policy (like the Common Agricultural Policy) and/or global changes on economic agents and consequently on natural resources (Cantelaube et al., 2012).