Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE AUSTRALIAN PERFORMANCE OF THE UK DOE TRAFFIC NOISE PREDICTION METHOD

Accurate and reliable predictions of traffic noise levels are necessary in a variety of situations such as the design of noise ameliorative measures for new roads, the evaluation of alternative road proposals, and the determination of the likely level of noise from traffic at a specific location. One traffic noise prediction method frequently adopted by Australian road authorities for these purposes is that which originated from the UK Department of the Environment (UK DOE). As a result of their involvement with a NAASRA Planning Committee Working Group concerned with traffic noise prediction evaluation, the authors have conducted an extensive, statistically-based analysis of the performance of the UK DOE method. While some earlier studies had conducted similar evaluations, these were, in the main, based on relatively limited data sets. Work reported in the present paper is based on systematically screened daily traffic noise data carefully collected at some 113 sites, of varying configuration and complexity, within three states in Australia. It was found that the UK DOE method tended to over-predict the 110 (18 hour) noise level in each of the three states. The magnitude of this over-prediction depended on whether or not a facade was present. Having quantified these over-predictions, recommendations were made for removing them by applying suitable correction factors to the UK doe predictions. The accompanying accuracies of the corrected UK DOE predictions were also determined, and these allowed quantification of the probability of a true noise level exceeding a preselected policy level once a (corrected) prediction had been made. Generally, it was concluded that once the UK DOE method was corrected for its observed over-predictions and once its accuracy was known and specified in conjunction with each prediciton, the method could be regarded as providing satisfactory predictions (a). The number of the covering abstract of the conference is TRIS No. 368448. (TRRL)
MPEG, une norme pour la compression, la structuration et la description du son

Les standards de compression audio MPEG forment une famille de formats et d'outils, visant a repondre a une multitude de besoins, qui vont de la diffusion de radio et television numerique au stockage et a la diffusion sur les reseaux informatiques, en particulier l'Internet. Ce chapitre se propose de decrire le role de ces standards dans le cadre de l'analyse du signal musical. D'une part, ils fournissent des techniques, des outils de compression et des modeles psycho-acoustiques qui peuvent egalement servir a l'analyse. D'autre part, il devient de plus en plus frequent que la source a analyser soit donnee sous l'un des formats de compression MPEG. Il est donc judicieux de se poser la question de l'analyse des signaux compresses, avant de terminer par une breve introduction aux futures normes MPEG-4 et MPEG-7, en soulignant les quelques innovations majeures concernant l'audio synthetique, la structuration et la description de scenes sonores .
Modeling and Analysis of Single Machine Scheduling Based on Noncooperative Game Theory

Considering the independent optimization requirement for each demander of modern manufacture, we explore the application of noncooperative game in production scheduling research,and model scheduling problem as competition of machine resources among a group of selfish jobs.Each job has its own performance objective. For the single machine, multi-jobs and non-preemptive scheduling problem, a noncooperative game model is established. Based on the model, many problems about Nash equilibrium solution, such as the existence, quantity, properties of solution space,performance of solution and algorithm are discussed. The results are tested by numerical example.
Oxford collocations dictionary for students of English

The dictionary that helps students write and speak natural-sounding English, now in a new edition with CD-ROM. Which words usually go together? This dictionary shows you the common word combinations (collocations) that are essential for natural-sounding British and American English. Completely revised and extended, the new edition has over 250,000 collocations and over 75,000 examples.
Refining Initial Seeds using Max Average Distance for K-Means Clustering

Clustering methods is divided into hierarchical clustering, partitioning clustering, and more. If the amount of documents is huge, it takes too much time to cluster them in hierarchical clustering. In this paper we deal with K-Means algorithm that is one of partitioning clustering and is adequate to cluster so many documents rapidly and easily. We propose the new method of selecting initial seeds in K-Means algorithm. In this method, the initial seeds have been selected that are positioned as far away from each other as possible.
Effective Writing Skills for Public Relations

"Effective Writing Skills for Public Relations" is a valuable reference source on the basics of style and presentation with helpful hints on making the best use of written communication. It advises on how to write concisely using jargon-free language whilst avoiding overused words and phrases. There is guidance on policing house style with emphasis on consistency and advice on punctuation, headlines and captions. As well as this there are tips on what makes a good press release and how to use effective design and layout to produce easy to read text. Readers will also find help on public speaking, pronunciation and the standard writing skills needed in the office. This fourth edition includes new sections on website content and design, legal issues in websites and emails, what journalists look for in company websites, meeting the needs of your target audience, controlling and getting the best out of emails, writing and designing ezines, setting up online media centres and comparing Video News Releases with B-rolls of roughly edited footage. Standard proof correction marks are included together with a glossary of terms. This is an essential hands-on practical guide for anyone earning a living through the written or spoken word.
Optimal sensory encoding

What is optimal depends on computational tasks. Many recent works base optimality on information theoretical terms such as information transmission rates. This can be particularly revelant in the early stages of vision which are mainly concerned with transmitting information indiscriminately. We focus on the better known visual system to discuss optimal sensory coding, although coding in other sensory systems are expected to address similar concerns.
Analysis of Geophysical Potential Fields: A Digital Signal Processing Approach

Chapter 1. Geophysical Potential Fields. Chapter 2. Potential Field Signals and Models. Chapter 3. Power Spetrum and its Applications. Chapter 4. Chapter 5. Digital Filtering of Maps II. Digital Filtering of Maps. Chapter 6. Parameter Estimation. References. Subject Index.
The Process of Conceptual Change in 'Force and Motion'.

The process of students' conceptual change was evaluated during a computer-supported physics unit in a Grade 10 science class. Computer simulation programs were developed to confront students' alternative conceptions in mechanics. A conceptual test was administered as pre-, post-, and delayed post-tests to determine students' conceptual change. Students worked collaboratively in pairs on the programs carrying out predict-observe-explain tasks according to worksheets. While the pairs worked on the tasks, their conversational interactions were recorded. A range of other data were collected at various junctures during instruction. At each juncture, data for each of 12 students were analyzed to provide a "conceptual snapshot" at that particular juncture. All conceptual snapshots together provided a delineation of the students' conceptual development. Many students vacillated between alternative and scientific conceptions from one context to another during instruction; i.e., their conceptual change was context-dependent and unstable. The few students that achieved long-term conceptual change appeared to be able to perceive commonalities and accept the generality of scientific conceptions across contexts. These findings led to a tentative model of conceptual change. The paper concludes with consequent implications for classroom teaching. Contains 51 references. (Author/PVD) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** Paper Presented at 1997 American Educational Research Association Annual Meeting Chicago, IL, USA March 24-28, 1997 The Process of Conceptual Change in 'Force and Motion' Ping-Kee Tao Department of Curriculum Studies, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Email: pktao@hkucc.hku. hk Richard F. Gunstone Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia Email: dick.gunstone@education.monash. edu.au
Automatic object detection and tracking in video

One ability of the human visual system is the ability to identify and track moving objects. Examples of this can easily be seen in any sporting event. Humans are able to find an object in motion and track its current path and even predict a trajectory based on its current motion. Computer vision systems exist that are able to track an object in video, but usually these systems need to be instructed what the object to track is. As a way to further the work done by these computer vision systems, I present two additions to the work in the form of Adaptive Thresholding, a way to dynamically discover a threshold value of difference images, and a new method of blob tracking to further improve the accuracy of tracking blobs in video.
Two Canadian Approaches to Teaching Biology, Chemistry, Mathematics and Physics to Senior High School Students in Virtual Classes.

The successful integration of information technologies in the teaching of biology and other sciences is in part dependent on the transition from closed to open teaching and learning environments. This paper outlines the transition from a closed model of schooling in rural Newfoundland and Labrador to the beginnings of an open model. Seniors in a rural Newfoundland high school participated in a study evaluating the use of Internet resources to enhance biology education. Three biology topics were taught using three different methods of instruction: traditional, in which students were taught face to face by the teacher from the textbook; cooperative, in which students worked together using text and Internet sources selected by the teacher; and Internet, in which students worked individually and used Internet sources. Results indicate that Internet resources have the potential to enhance student learning. This approach is referred to as a "closed" model, because the school is autonomous and has its own students, teachers, and community. The installation of a digital intranet linking nine schools in the Vista school district (Newfoundland) created an "open" model of education in that classes in different schools share teaching, learning, and resources. This open model is grounded in the application of information technology and the construction of virtual classes. Factors to consider in developing a pedagogy appropriate for the open model are discussed. (TD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCAT AL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) his document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATER 6.1. HAS BEEN GRANTED BY tin he-ft s TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC). " Two -Canadian Approaches to Teaching Biology, Chemistry, Mathematics and Physics to Senior High School Students in Virtual Classes Ken Stevens Chair of Tele learning & Rural Education Faculty of Education Memorial University of Newfoundland St Johns, NF, A1C 5S7 Phone: (709) 737-4847 Fax: (709) 737-8582 E-mail: stevensk@morgan.ucs. mun.ca Prepared for the Australasian Science Education Research Association July 1999 An earlier version of this paper was presented to the TeleLearning Network of Centres of Excellence, Vancouver, Canada, November 1998
Perspektywy wykorzystania reprogramowalnych układów cyfrowych w systemach wizyjnych robotów mobilnych

PERSPEKTYWY WYKORZYSTANIA REPROGRAMOWALNYCH UK ADOW CYFROWYCH W SYSTEMACH WIZYJNYCH ROBOTOW MOBILNYCH Rekonfigurowalne uk ady cyfrowe (g ownie w formie uk adow FPGA) rozpowszechniaj si w aplikacjach wymagaj cych rozwi zywania problemow z dziedziny przetwarzania sygna ow, wizji komputerowej i innych. Mo liwo wykonywania w sposob naturalny oblicze w trybie rownoleg ym, a tak e rekonfigurowalno i modu owo , umo liwiaj ca rozwi zywanie licznych problemow przez procesory zawarte w strukturze pojedynczego uk adu scalonego, nierzadko umo liwia wielokrotne przyspieszenie wykonywania oblicze w stosunku do implementacji programowych, wykorzystuj cych jako platform komputery klasy PC. Dodatkowo, zastosowanie uk adow FPGA mo e umo liwi zmniejszenie wymiarow, wagi i poboru pr du przez wykorzystuj ce tak platform obliczeniow urz dzenie.
An efficient standard-compatible traffic description parameter selection algorithm for VBR video sources

The international telecommunication standards bodies such as ITU-T, ATM Forum, and IETF recommend the dual leaky bucket for the traffic specifications for VBR service. On the other hand, recent studies have demonstrated multiple time-scale burstiness in compressed video traffic. In order to fill this gap between the current standards and real traffic characteristics, we present a standard-compatible traffic parameter selection method based on the notion of a critical time scale (CTS). The defined algorithm is optimal in the sense that it minimizes the required amount of link capacity for a traffic flow under a maximum delay constraint. Simulation results with compressed video traces demonstrate the efficiency of the defined traffic parameter selection algorithm in resource allocation. key words: dual leaky buckets, critical time scale, CAC, UPC
Reduce transistor mismatch errors without costly trimming and noisy chopping schemes

The demand for precision is relentless, from 0.1% voltage references and 0. 5μV offset operational amplifiers to 190MS/second 14-bit analog-to-digital (A/D converter) converters, yet fundamental error sources like transistor mismatch errors over process and temperature and RMS switching noise effects continue to plague performance. Shrinking supply voltages, budget-constrained test times, and rising bandwidth requirements only exacerbate the problem. State-of-the-art analog circuit solutions therefore succumb to trimming or switching networks to mitigate these process-induced errors. Unfortunately, neither of these techniques is especially attractive to the designer because trimming is costly and switching is noisy, which is why alternate circuit solutions are desired.
Toward a Speech Act Theory for Natural Language Processing.

Abstract : THIS REPORT EXPLORES THE PROSPECTS FOR USING CONCEPTS FROM Speech Act Theory in the design of processes that operate on natural language. The potential benefits of creating processes to identify the illocutionary force of utterances in text are particularly significant. These benefits include systematic derivation of implicit communication, identification of relations between text and prior text, and the possibility of applying existing action-oriented knowledge within Al to new natural language processing tasks. The report not only explores these benefits and the potential uses of Speech Act Theory but also exhibits some simple processes for identifying illocutionary forces and for simulating the effects (including much implicit communication) of speech acts. (Author)
Efficiently Identifying Interesting Time-Points in Text Archive Search

Large scale text archives are increasingly becoming available on the Web. Exploring their evolving contents along both text and temporal dimensions enables us to realize their full potential. Standard keyword queries facilitate exploration along the text dimension only. Recently proposed time-travel keyword queries enable query processing along both dimensions, but require the user to be aware of the exact time point of interest. This may be impractical if the user does not know the history of the query within the collection or is not familiar with the topic. In this work, our aim is to efficiently identify interesting time points in Web archives with an assumption that we receive a result list for a given query in standard relevance-order from an existing retrieval system. We consider two forms of Web archives: (i) one where documents have a publication time-stamp and never change (such as news archives), and (ii) the archives where documents undergo revisions, and are thus versioned. In both settings, we define interestingness as the change in top-k result set of two consecutive time-points. The key step in our solution is the maintenance of top-k results valid at each time-point of the archive, which can then be used to compute the interestingness scores for the time-points. We propose two techniques to realize efficient identification of interesting time points: (i) For the case when documents once published never change, we have a simple but effective technique. (ii) For the more general case with versioned documents, we develop an extension to the segment tree which makes it rank-aware and dynamic. To further improve efficiency, we propose an early termination technique which is proven to be very effective. Our methods are shown to be effective in efficiently finding interesting time points in a set of experiments using the New York Times news archive and the Wikipedia versioned archive.
Parallel Machines: Parallel Machine Languages : The Emergence of Hybrid Dataflow Computer Architectures

One: The Problem Domain. - 1.1 Abstract Program Representation. - The WaveFront Example. - Expressions. - Loops. - Data Types. - 1.2 Two Fundamental Issues. - Latency: The First Fundamental Issue. - Synchronization: The Second Fundamental Issue. - 1.3 The Cost of Parallelism. - Assumptions. - Analysis. - 1.4 Summary. - Two: The Importance of Processor Architecture. - 2.1 von Neumann Architectures. - Tolerating Latency. - Synchronization Methods. - Analysis and Summary. - 2.2 Dataflow Architectures. - 2.3 Comparison of Approaches. - 2.4 Summary. - Three: A Dataflow / von Neumann Hybrid. - 3.1 Synthesis. - 3.2 Compilation Target Model. - A Suitable Program Representation. - Support for Synchronization. - Latency. - Overview of the Model. - 3.3 Execution Models. - The Ideal Processor. - The Realistic Processor. - 3.4 Summary. - Four: Compiling for the Hybrid Architecture. - 4.1 DFPG Revisited. - DFPG Instructions. - Codeblocks. - 4.2 Strategic Issues for Partitioning. - Possible Constraints. - Scope. - Examples. - Latency-Directed Partitioning. - Summary. - 4.3 Code Generator. - Overall Goal and Method. - Simplifications. - Partitioning Constraints. - Operand Storage Allocation. - Machine Code Generation and Partitioning. - Optimizer. - Assembler. - 4.4 Summary. - Five: Analysis. - 5.1 Idealized Model. - Static Statistics. - Dynamic Characteristics. - WaveFront Revisited. - Power of a Hybrid Instruction. - 5.2 Realistic Model. - Cache Operating Point. - Cache Robustness. - Parallelism. - Toleration of Latency. - 5.3 Summary. - Six: Conclusion. - 6.1 Summary of the Present Work. - 6.2 Future Work. - 6.3 Related Work. - HEP Revisited. - MASA Revisited. - The UCI Process-Oriented Model Project. - The IBM/ETH Project. - 6.4 Closing Remarks. - References.
Next Steps in Competency Testing Programs: Assessment in Context and the Meaningfulness of Results.

Statewide minimum competency testing programs have emphasized basic skills in reading, mathematics, and writing. However, continuing concerns are expressed in national reports about the level of achievement, particularly in mathematics and science, and increased testing has been suggested as a means of encouraging curriculum change and evaluating student progress. Increased testing in current competency testing programs is unlikely to meet these broader goals. Two frameworks have implications for evaluating competency testing: (1) the context of assessment--testing of cognitive knowledge, learner characteristics which have an impact on instruction, and curricular validity; and (2) the meaningfulness of test scores and reports to students for self-direction, and to teachers for instructional planning. These frameworks can further increase the links between instruction and the assessments of individual students. A three-page list of references concludes the document. (Author/GDC)
A framework for the detection and prevention of SQL injection attacks

: The use of Internet services and web applications has grown rapidly because of user demand. At the same time, the web application vulnerabilities have increased as a result of mistakes in the development where some developers gave the security aspect a lower priority than aspects like application usability. An SQL (structure query language) injection is a common vulnerability in web applications; it has been classified as the most dangerous type of vulnerability according to OWASP (Open Web Application Security Project) statistics (OWASP,2010). An SQL injection vulnerability can allows the hacker or illegal user to have access to the web application‟s database and therefore damage the data, or change the information held in the database. This paper will discuss a framework for the detection and prevention of common types of SQL injection attacks. The framework consists of three main components; the first component will check the user input for existing attacks, the second component check for new types of attacks, and the last component will block unexpected responses from the database engine. Additionally, our framework will keep track of an ongoing attack by recording and investigating user behaviour. The framework is based on the Anatempura tool, a runtime verification tool for Interval Temporal Logic properties. Existing attacks and good/bad user's behaviours can be specified using Interval Temporal Logic. Moreover, this paper will discuss a case study where various types of user behaviour are specified in Interval Temporal Logic and show how they can be detected.
Experimentando Arquiteturas de Internet do Futuro com Internet das Coisas

Na ultima decada, surgiram varias abordagens para revolucionar a arquitetura da Internet a partir do zero. Elas sao coletivamente chamadas de \Future Internet Architectures". Neste trabalho, e abordado o desa o de experimentar Internet das Coisas nesse contexto. Usando ferramentas open-source, foi desenvolvido um cenario padrao capaz de avaliar propostas em pequena escala (localmente, em laboratorio) ou em grande escala em uma plataforma de teste baseada em nuvem. Como um caso de uso da proposta, discutimos sua aplicacao para a proposta XIA, incluindo detalhes de implementacao, trazendo resultados de desempenho em testes executados em laboratorio.
An analysis of Pascal programs

Let's read! We will often find out this sentence everywhere. When still being a kid, mom used to order us to always read, so did the teacher. Some books are fully read in a week and we need the obligation to support reading. What about now? Do you still love reading? Is reading only for you who have obligation? Absolutely not! We here offer you a new book enPDFd analysis of pascal programs to read.