Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conformational substates in enzyme mechanism : The 120 K structure of a-lytic protease at 1 . 5 A resolution

Insight into the dynamic properties of a-lytic protease (aLP) has been obtained through the use of low-temperature X-ray crystallography and multiple-conformation refinement. Previous studies of a L P have shown that the residues around the active site are able to move significantly to accommodate substrates of different sizes. Here we show a link between the ability to accommodate ligands and the dynamics of the binding pocket. Although the structure of aLP at 120 K has E-factors with a uniformly low value of 4.8 A* for the main chain, four regions stand out as having significantly higher E-factors. Because thermal motion should be suppressed at cryogenic temperatures, the high E-factors are interpreted as the result of trapped conformational substates. The active site residues that are perturbed during accommodation of different substrates are precisely those showing conformational substates, implying that substrate binding selects a subset of conformations from the ensemble of accessible states. To better characterize the precise nature of these substates, a protein model consisting of 16 structures has been refined and evaluated. The model reveals a number of features that could not be well-described by conventional B-factors: for example, 40% of the main-chain residue conformations are distributed asymmetrically or in discrete clusters. Furthermore, these data demonstrate an unexpected correlation between motions on either side of the binding pocket that we suggest is a consequence of “dynamic close packing. ” These results provide strong evidence for the role of protein dynamics in substrate binding and are consistent with the results of dynamic studies of ligand binding in myoglobin and ribonuclease A.
MUSCULAR FATIGUE DURING 200 M FRONT CRAWL

The purpose of this study was to evaluate muscle fatigue in upper and lower limbs as well as trunk muscles during a 200 m all-out front crawl effort. Surface electromyogram was collected from the flexor carpi radialis, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, pectoralis major, trapezius pars superior, rectus femoris, biceps femoris and tibialis anterior of 13 international level male swimmers. Velocity, stroke frequency and stroke length were calculated based on 3D video analysis. Spectral Indices of Muscle Fatigue (IMF) were calculated for each stroke of the each 25 m lap. During the 200 m, the rate of IMF changed against the first lap and increased gradually across successive laps, reflecting the evolvement of muscle fatigue for all studied muscles.
University of Groningen Operator analysis of pT-widths of TMDs

Transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distribution functions (PDFs), TMDs for short, are defined as the Fourier transform of matrix elements of nonlocal combinations of quark and gluon fields. The nonlocality is bridged by gauge links, which for TMDs have characteristic paths (future or past pointing), giving rise to a process dependence that breaks universality. It is possible, however, to construct sets of universal TMDs of which in a given process particular combinations are needed with calculable, process-dependent, coefficients. This occurs for both T-odd and T-even TMDs, including also the unpolarized quark and gluon TMDs. This extends the by now well-known example of T-odd TMDs that appear with opposite sign in single-spin azimuthal asymmetries in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering or in the Drell-Yan process. In this paper we analyze the cases where TMDs enter multiplied by products of two transverse momenta, which includes besides the pT -broadening observable, also instances with rank-2 structures. To experimentally demonstrate the process dependence of the latter cases requires measurements of second harmonic azimuthal asymmetries, while the pT -broadening will require measurements of processes beyond semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering or the Drell-Yan process. Furthermore, we propose specific quantities that will allow for theoretical studies of the process dependence of TMDs using lattice QCD calculations.
FISHEYE LENSES FOR 3D MODELING: EVALUATIONS AND CONSIDERATIONS

Abstract. Fisheye lenses are becoming more popular in complete image-based modelling projects of small and narrow spaces. The growing interest in fisheye lenses is confirmed by the availability of different commercial software incorporating a fisheye camera model. Such software are now able to carry out the steps of the image processing pipeline in a fully automated way, from camera calibration and orientation to dense matching, surface generation, and orthophoto production. This paper highlights the advantages (and disadvantages) of fisheye lenses when used for 3D modelling projects through different commercial software. The goal is not only a comparison of commercial software, but also an analysis of the additional issues that arise when a fisheye lens is used for 3D modelling. Results confirm that a fisheye lens is suitable for accurate metric documentation, especially when limited space is available. On the other hand, additional issues where found during the camera calibration/image orientation step as well as the texture generation and orthophoto production phases, for which particular attention is required.
Soil enzyme activities under pig slurry addition and different tillage systems

The objective of this work was to evaluate the changes in soil enzyme activities due to application of pig slurry under different soil tillage systems. The experiment was conducted in a clayey Oxisol in Palotina, PR, using different quantities of pig slurry (0, 30, 60 and 120 m3 ha-1 year-1) applied to the soil prior to the summer and winter crop season under conventional tillage (CT) and no tillage (NT), with three replicates. The areas were cultivated with soybean (Glycine max L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) in the summers of 1998 and 1999, respectively, and with wheat (Triticum sativum Lam.) in the winters of both years. The soil samples were collected in March and October of 1998 and 1999 at depths of 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm and 10-20 cm. The pig slurry application and the soil tillage systems influenced enzyme activities in the soil. The increase of pig slurry application decreased the ratio of soil enzyme activities to microbial biomass carbon. The phosphatase activity had a negative relationship with soil-available phosphorus. The acid phosphatase activity decreased both under CT and NT systems at all depth studied due to pig slurry application.
Voltage Profile Improvement in Radial Distribution System using Plant Growth Simulation Algorithm

A good distribution system should ensure that the voltage variations at consumer’s terminals are within permissible limits. To improve the voltage profile in radial distribution systems, plant growth simulation algorithm (PGSA) has been proposed using optimal capacitor placement. The proposed method is implemented on IEEE 9 bus radial distribution system. Index Terms Capacitor placement, capacitor sizing, optimal capacitor allocation, distribution system, voltage profile, voltage improvement, PGSA, Random search algorithm, Bionic search.
Wireless microsystems for biomedical applications

This paper presents a review with the state-of-the-art of wireless microsystems for biomedical applications. Aspects including the radio-frequency systems, data acquisition, application specificities (especially those in the context of implantable devices), power consumption and issues associated to their integration are presented. A review of COTS (Commercial Off-The-Shelf) systems and new concepts and technologies are also presented.
Effect of daylength and food concentration on in situ diurnal feeding rhythms in Arctic copepods.

Zooplankton samples were collected from 0 to 50 m depth at 2 stations in Jones Sound and 1 in Baffin Bay in August and September of 1983. Levels of chlorophyll and phaeopigment were measured in several stages of Calanus hyperboreus and Calanus glacialis at 4 h intervals, to examine diurnal feeding behavior in copepods which do not vertically migrate on a daily basis. All stages examined for each of the 2 species showed diurnal variations in feeding activity. In addition, different stages and species always started to feed synchronously, although timing of onset of evening feeding was different at each of the 3 stations. On each occasion feeding started when incident light intensity decreased to < 4 W m-2. Cessation of feeding in the morning, however, was not linked to a particular intensity of incident light and may be controlled by satiation of appetite. Levels of 3 digestive enzymes protease, laminarinase, and amylase were measured in 2 stages of C. hyperboreus and C. glacialis at 4 h intervals over a 48 h time series at the second of the Jones Sound stations. There were no rhythmic changes in amounts of enzymes in any of the stages. Maximum levels of gut pigment within any 1 stage were not necessarily correlated with ambient chlorophyll concentrations, which varied by a factor of 4 among stations.
The Swedish welfare state: Neo-liberal challenge and welfare state resilience

Angesichts neo-liberaler Stromungen und schwerer wirtschaftlicher Probleme wahrend der fruhen 1990er Jahre befurchteten viele Beobachter, der schwedische Wohlfahrtsstaat wurde sein umfassendes und geschlechter-gerechtes Profil verlieren. Dieser Beitrag argumentiert, dass die Veranderungen des schwedischen Wohlfahrtsstaates in den 1990er Jahren inkrementell, aber nicht fundamental waren. Tatsachlich wurden Kurzungen und Anderungen vorgenommen, diese resultieren allerdings nicht in einer radikalen Restrukturierung des Wohlfahrtsstaates. Die zentralen Sozialleistungen wurden universalistischer, nicht zuletzt dank des steigenden Anteils von Frauen am Arbeitsmarkt. Auch die offentliche Kinderbetreuung wurde eher ausgedehnt denn eingeschrankt. Dies belegt, dass es nach wie vor Spielraum fur Politikdivergenz gibt. Selbst einer kleinen offenen Wirtschaft mit dem hochsten Budgetdefizit innerhalb der OECD in den 1990er Jahren war es moglich, das nationale Budget wieder unter Kontrolle zu bringen, ohne den Wohlfahrtsstaat abzubauen.
Vulnerability Tests. Matters of “Care for Matter” in E-waste Practices

Abstract: In this paper we will think ethnographically about how material vulnerability is dealt with and conceived of in the practice of informal menders. We explore different practices to “care for matter”, mobilized in dealing with obsolete computers, categorized as electronic waste, and will analyse the epistemic repertoires to acknowledge and intervene in such computers vulnerabilities. In dialogue with STS and Repair and Maintenance Studies literature, we will move from vulnerability as an ontological quality of the world to the enacted properties and epistemic repertoires emerging from concrete “tests”, through which we might learn how vulnerability matters. In particular, we pay attention to three specific vulnerability tests performed by these informal menders, underpinning particular distributions of labour as well as concrete enactments of vulnerability, and how to make it matter. Namely, sensing matter: manipulative practices of electronic waste whereby vulnerability is enacted as a property of materials; setting up informal experiments: informal practices of trial and error whereby vulnerability appears as a result of dis/functioning technical systems; and intervening in obsolescence: whereby sociomaterial orders regulate how material vulnerabilities are redistributed and put to the test. Keywords: maintenance & repair; matters of care; vulnerability; test; electronic waste.
CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION DURING DRYING AND IMBIBITION OF DESICCATION SENSITIVE Magnolia ovata (A. St.-Hil.) Spreng. SEEDS1

Seeds of Magnolia ovata were dried to different water contents to assess the viability and transcript abundance of genes related to seed development, cell cycle, cytoskeleton and desiccation tolerance.The expression of development, cell cycle and cytoskeleton relative genes (ABI3, CDC2-like and ACT2) alone could not explain the germination behaviour of M. ovata seeds in relation to drying damage. Irrespective of their initial water content, the seeds performed in the same way during the initial period of germination and the deleterious effects of desiccation only occurred in later stages. Expression of PKABA1, sHSP17.5 and 2-Cys-PRX did not show a relationship with desiccation. However, the expression patterns of PKABA1 and sHSP17.5 suggested the participation of these genes in protective mechanisms during the imbibition of M. ovata seeds.
[CII] 158 μm emission and metallicity in photon dominated regions

We study the effects of a metallicity variation on the thermal balance and [CII] fine-structure line strengths in interstellar photon dominated regions (PDRs). We find that a reduction in the dust-to-gas ratio and the abundance of heavy elements in the gas phase changes the heat balance of the gas in PDRs. The surface temperature of PDRs decreases as the metallicity decreases except for high density (n > 10 6 cm -3 ) clouds exposed to weak (Χ < 100) FUV fields where vibrational H 2 -deexcitation heating dominates over photoelectric heating of the gas. We incorporate the metallicity dependence in our KOSMA-τ PDR model to study the metallicity dependence of [CII]/CO line ratios in low metallicity galaxies. We find that the main trend in the variation of the observed CII/CO ratio with metallicity is well reproduced by a single spherical clump, and does not necessarily require an ensemble of clumps as in the semi-analytical model presented by Bolatto et al. (1999).
on Intelligent Manufacturing and Automation , 2013 A Genetic Algorithm for Automated Service Binding

Binding concrete web services to the tasks involved in an orchestration model is an important step in dynamic web service composition. In our previous work on automated service binding, we have described a method of combining a powerful technique for computing the QoS of a composite service with our own approach of expressing preferences related to the trade-offs between the various QoS parameters of a composite service. In this paper, we introduce a genetic algorithm that finds the best mapping of concrete services to the tasks involved in the composition. The algorithm uses the method presented in our previous work in order to estimate the fitness of the mappings that make up a population of candidate solutions. We describe how the challenges posed by the use of this method have influenced the design of our algorithm and report the experimental results showing the effectiveness of our approach. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of DAAAM International Vienna.
Calculation of the Fermi wave vector for thin films, quantum wires and quantum dots

Various physical properties of bulk materials can be illustratively and relatively simply discussed within the framework of the free-electron model [1, 2]. On the other hand, low-dimensional systems (LDS) play an important and continuously growing role in contemporary science and technology [3–6]. Therefore, in order to discuss the physical properties of LDS, i.e. thin films (TF), quantum wires (QWr), and quantum dots (QD), it is important in the first approximation to have an extension of the freeelectron model for confined structures. In such considerations, the quantummechanical description, and in particular the concept of a quantum well, plays a crucial role [4, 7]. The aim of this paper is to perform some model calculations of the Fermi wave vector in the framework of the free-electron approximation for the low-dimensional systems (TF, QWr, and QD). In the theoretical section, the formulae suitable for numerical calculation of the Fermi wave vector kF for TF, QWr, and QD are given. In the final section, some tentative numerical results are presented for the model LDS with the electronic density corresponding to Cu and (100)-type surface orientation. A wider presentation of the results for TF has been given elsewhere [8].
On the asymmetric response of aquifer water level to floods and droughts in Illinois

Here we analyze observed characteristics of the natural variability in the regional‐scale hydrological cycle of Illinois, including the soil and atmospheric branches. This analysis is based on a consistent data set that describes several hydrological variables: the flux of atmospheric water vapor, incoming solar radiation, precipitation, soil moisture content, aquifer water level, and river flow. The climatology of the average regional hydrological cycle has been estimated. Variability in incoming solar radiation, not precipitation, is the main forcing of the seasonal variability in evaporation, soil moisture content, aquifer water level, and river flow. While precipitation plays a minor role in shaping the natural variability in the regional hydrological cycle at the seasonal timescale, variability in precipitation is the major factor in shaping the natural variability in the regional hydrological cycle at the interannual timescale. The anomalies in the different variables of the regional hydrological cycle have been computed and the persistence patterns of extreme floods and droughts have been compared. The 1988 drought left a signature in the aquifer water level that is significantly more persistent than the corresponding signature for the 1993 summer flood. The discharge from unconfined groundwater aquifers to streams (base flow) provides an efficient dissipation mechanism for the wet anomalies in aquifer water level. However, the nonlinear dependence of the groundwater discharge on aquifer water level (groundwater rating curve) may explain why droughts leave a significantly more persistent signature on groundwater hydrology, in comparison to the signature of floods. This nonlinearity has been attributed to the increasing degree by which the unconfined aquifers get connected to the channels network, as the aquifer water level rises leading to higher drainage density. The potential implications of these results regarding the impact on regional water resources due to any future climate change are discussed.
Determinants of the Growth Elasticity of Poverty Reduction. Why the Impact on Poverty Reduction is Large in Some Developing Countries and Small in Others

This paper investigates the determinants of the growth elasticity of poverty by using the internationally designed poverty line, measured by the share of the population living below USD 1.25 per day. We identify the determinants of changes in the poverty rate of countries using single and multiple OLS regressions as well as fixed effects. Empirical evidence underlying this study included 268 observations in 65 developing countries from 1983 to 2009. The two main results are firstly, that growth is important to poverty reduction and secondly, that the coefficient "growth elasticity of poverty reduction" varies with human capital, openness to trade, government expenditure, institutional quality and democracy, and that additionally human capital, openness to trade and FDI are impacting poverty reduction directly without changing the elasticity significantly. The tentative policy conclusion for a developing country trying to reduce poverty is, first to focus on growth but secondly to complement this strategy by policies aimed at increasing human capital and openness.
Introduction: Making Inclusion Work in Academia

This book is for inclusion and multiplicity in academia. To this end, it is against standardization. As academics in Western countries, we are being organized to conform to rigid standards of teaching and research. This book shows how we can meaningfully challenge such standardization through inclusive practices in our everyday work. We – the authors in this edited volume – present inclusive ideas and ways of interacting that have worked in different university contexts around the world. We share our personal experiences on working for inclusion, account for the relative success of our efforts and provide insights that may prove helpful for others, too. We care passionately about inclusion in academic work. For us, inclusion means bringing in new voices, themes and methods in teaching and research. Most often, inclusion refers in this book to incorporating considerations of gender and ethnicity in the ways in which curricula, courses and research projects are developed and run. By questioning established power relations, privileged knowledge and locally held truths regarding good and proper academic standards and practice, we have each in our own way sought to challenge the status quo. We have sought to make alternative understandings and practices visible. We are aware of current criticism of ‘positive scholarship’ (Fineman, 2006). We distance ourselves from this notion. As feminist organization and management scholars we have learned not to be naive. We are aware of unequal power relations and structures of domination that our work is embedded in. These relations and structures are woven into the fabric of our academic lives, even if we sometimes refer to particular experiences as positive. Also, our stories relate to relative success in changing everyday academic practices, not to great breakthroughs or unselfish service to community. In this way, we also distance ourselves from the notion of ‘engaged scholarship’, which has in recent years become a popular concept to describe meaningful academic work. Engaged scholarship can refer to admirable efforts to incorporate key stakeholders’ perspectives in the study of complex social problems
Structural Changes and Gross Pathology of Gut and associated Organs of Mice on Chronic Exposure to Pan Masala Plain and its Blend (Pan Masala Tobacco): A Review and an Experimental Study

Swiss albino mice in three groups (control, experimental I and experimental II) of 60 each were fed staple diet (control), diet composed with 2% pan masala plain (PMP) and its blend (tobacco-PMT) for a period of up to 70 weeks with intermittent postmortem at 16, 56 and 70 weeks for assessing histological changes of the gut histopathology of mice. Mice of experimental groups I and II showed progressive advancement of structural changes of stomach during the study period. Fibrosis, thickening of prickle cells and also horney layered cells indicating lesions of acanthosis and hyperkeratosis initially and later prominently ulcers and papillomas which transformed into a peptic tumor occured. Spleen was found enlarged in mice fed with PMT. Animal feeding, hygiene, exploration and environmental care and health protocols were as per the standard guidelines and approved by National Institute of Occupational Health ethical committee. Here, chronic exposure of mice has been consistent in respect of feed and environment, unlike habitual PM users whose consumption is inconsistent depending on the body demand and choice on the variety of the blended PM product. This study endorses generating critical clinically designed case control, cohort data for awareness programs and PM substitutes as well as treatment to PM addicts.
Community Social Organization: A Conceptual Linchpin in Examining Families in the Context of Communities*

The concept of social organization provides an important framework for understanding families in the context of communities and focuses our attention on norms, networks, and associated processes that typify commu- nity life. We discuss the significance of community for understanding family outcomes, discuss challenges in defin- ing community context, define social organization and feature several of its associated components and their linkages, and assess research designs that inform the study of social organization. We conclude by suggesting impli- cations for theory (elaborating social organization community processes), research (incorporating designs and mea- sures that reflect collective processes), and practice (maximizing effects generated by informal and formal networks in communities).