Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving condition indicators for helicopter health and usage monitoring systems

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to suggest new method for improving the condition indicators (CIs) used in health and usage monitoring system based on signal separation of gears. Design/methodology/approach – The research method is based on employing signal separation techniques to improve gears signal and fault signature. The signal separation is based on adaptive filters concept. Findings – CIs estimated for the deterministic part of vibration signal show higher sensitivity to gears faults in comparison to indicators estimated based on the original signal. This method proposed could enhance early fault detection in gears, particularly for those applications where strong background noise from other sources in the machine masks the characteristics fault components. Originality/value – The contribution of this research is improving the CIs currently used for helicopter gearboxes. As consequence the safe operation and availability will be improved.
Temperature and sea ice hindcast skill of the MiKlip decadal prediction system in the Arctic

In this study, hindcast skill for near-surface air temperature (TAS), sea surface temperature (SST), sea ice concentration, and sea ice area is assessed for the Arctic region using decadal simulations with the MiKlip decadal prototype prediction system. The prototype MiKlip system is based on the low-resolution version of the MPI-ESM model. In the simulations, a full field initialization of atmospheric and oceanic variables was used, but sea ice was not initialized. The hypothesis is that the increase in hindcast skill due to initialization found for TAS and SST in the North Atlantic in the prototype system compared to the historical simulations leads to enhanced skill also in the Arctic. However, the skill enhancement compared to the uninitialized experiments in the Arctic is generally weak. The hindcast skill only increases for SST and sea ice concentration along the east coast of Greenland and in the Fram Strait in lead years 2–5. Initialization additionally improves the skill in regionally integrated sea ice area (detrended) in the Greenland Sea, but only in lead year 1 and only in winter, and not in other Arctic regions. In order to assess whether additional initialization of sea ice concentration improves skill, we also analyse hindcasts and historical simulations performed with the MiKlip preoperational system that is based on the high-resolution version of the MPI-ESM. These simulations have nonetheless a negative bias in sea ice area in late summer of 1 to 3 million km2 . Noting that this is a much smaller ensemble than for the prototype system, the hindcast skill in North Atlantic TAS and SSTs is significantly reduced and not present when evaluated against ERA-Interim instead of HadCRUT4 data. Accordingly, in the Arctic, no additional skill compared to the prototype hindcasts is found. Our results underline the importance to assess the robustness of skill with different observational datasets and metrics. For future MiKlip simulations, we recommend to additionally initialize sea ice thickness or age, and to initialize the simulations in a different month to potentially enhance sea ice skill in the Arctic.
Benefits of Compliance with Securities Listing Standards Evidence from the Depository Receipt Market

The paper finds that costs of implementing stringent securities listing standards may exceed benefits. Depository receipts, a growing source of international equity financing, differ in types by the reporting and disclosure standards issuing firms are required to meet. For lower levels of compliance, results show that factors associated with the stage of economic development of the issuing firm`s country account for the lower levels of capital raised. Incurring reporting costs to comply with higher standards may thus be inefficient. In contrast, firms choosing to meet higher reporting and disclosure standards do so because the information revealed would have a positive effect on capital raised.
Hayvancılıkta Grelin ve Leptin Hormonlarının Kullanımı

En son bulunan anabolik hormon olan grelin, Japon bilim adamlari tarafindan 1999 yilinda kesfedilmistir. Grelin, evcil hayvanlarda buyume hormonu salinimini hem in vitro hem de in vivo ortamda uyararak beslenmenin duzenlenmesinde rol oynamaktadir. Istah, yag birikimi ve glukoneogenezisi artirici etkisiyle birlikte, hayvanlarda beslenme davranislarinda; koyun, keci, sigir ve tavuklarda buyume hormonu aktivitesi ile ilgili onemli bir gorevi bulunmaktadir. Ilk kez 1994 yilinda bulunan protein yapili bir hormon olan leptin; hayvanlarda yem tuketiminin kontrolunde, enerji homeostazisinin ve yag depolarini duzenlemesinde ve hayvanlarin beslenme adaptasyonunda onemli rolu olan bir hormondur. Leptin hayvanlarin yetersiz beslenmeye karsi adaptasyonunda etkili olarak, istahin duzenlenmesi yaninda enerjinin depolanmasi ve kullanilmasi ile ureme ve bagisiklik sistemi icin gerekli bir protein niteligi gostermektedir. Vucut agirligi dengesi, leptin araciligi ile saglanmaktadir. Leptin sentezinin duzenlenmesi adiposit miktari ile dogru orantili olarak degismektedir. Ruminantlarda leptin duzeyi beslenme ve zyolojik endokrin faktorler uzerine de etkili olmaktadir. Son yillarda ciftlik hayvanlarinda yapilan onemli calismalar leptinin dikkate deger etkilerinin oldugu ileri surulmustur. Grelin ve leptin, feed-back mekanizma ile organizmada gorev yapar ve vucut agirligini da bu yolla kontrol altinda tutar. Her iki hormonun duzeyleri organizmadaki bircok faktore bagli olarak duzenlenir. Hormonlarin seviyeleri ise birbirleri ile zit yonlu olarak degisebilmektedir. Sonuc olarak bu derlemede, ciftlik hayvanlarinda grelin ve leptin hormonlarinin kullanimina yonelik calismalarla ilgili bilgilendirme yapilarak, gelecekteki hayvancilik uygulamalari ile yapilacak calismalar icin bilgiler sunulmustur.
Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) Studies to Maximize the Activity of Compounds Isolated from Octocorals

This chapter presents some significant study cases on octocoral organisms ( Eunicea succinea , Eunicea mammosa , Eunicea knighti , Pseudoplexaura flagellosa , Eunicea laciniata , Antillogorgia elisabethae , Muricea austera , Paragorgia sp., Lobophyton sp., Sarcophyton glaucum and Sinularia lochmodes ) that have been identified as a source of promising bioactive compounds and whose results have further been used for studies on structure-activity relationship (SAR) as a strategy to increase the value of the activity initially detected. The scientific literature data discussed here were obtained with the SciFinder tool during the period 2000 – 2016 and from the additional results here presented for the biofilm inhibition activity of compounds and synthetic analogs for the cases related with Eunicea knighti and Pseudoplexaura flagellosa (until now unpublished data of the authors of this chapter).
Heat Transfer Enhancement using Synthetic Jet Actuators in Forced Convection Water Filled Micro-Channels

The effect of a synthetic jet on heat transfer rates in forced convection of water in micro-channels has been studied numerically. Unsteady computations of laminar flow have been performed for a two- dimensional micro-channel, 200 µm high and 4.2 mm long, open at either end with the top surface hot and all other solid wall adiabatic. The orifice width was 50 µm, while the length of the orifice passage was 100 µm. The diaphragm was assumed to oscillate sinusoidally in time and parabolically in space. The effectiveness of the proposed cooling procedure has been evaluated by comparing the heat transfer rates with and without the synthetic jet. A maximum heat transfer enhancement of approximately 125% was achieved.
Simple membrane-based model of the Min oscillator

Min proteins in E. coli bacteria organize into a dynamic pattern oscillating between the two cell poles. This process identifies the middle of the cell and enables symmetric cell division. In an experimental model system consisting of a flat membrane with effectively infinite supply of proteins and energy source, the Min proteins assemble into travelling waves. Here we propose a simple one-dimensional model of the Min dynamics that, unlike the existing models, reproduces the sharp decrease of Min concentration when the majority of protein detaches from the membrane, and even the narrow MinE maximum immediately preceding the detachment. The proposed model thus provides a possible mechanism for the formation of the MinE ring known from cells. The model is restricted to one dimension, with protein interactions described by chemical kinetics allowing at most bimolecular reactions, and explicitly considering only three, membrane-bound, species. The bulk solution above the membrane is approximated as being well-mixed, with constant concentrations of all species. Unlike other models, our proposal does not require autocatalytic binding of MinD to the membrane. Instead, it is assumed that two MinE molecules are necessary to induce the dissociation of the MinD dimer and its subsequent detachment from the membrane. We investigate which reaction schemes lead to unstable homogeneous steady states and limit cycle oscillations, and how diffusion affects their stability. The suggested model qualitatively describes the shape of the Min waves observed on flat membranes, and agrees with the experimental dependence of the wave period on the MinE concentration. These results highlight the importance of MinE presence on the membrane without being bound to MinD, and of the reactions of Min proteins on the membrane.
The cost of aiming for the best answers: Inconsistent perception

The laws of physics and mathematics describe the world we live in as internally consistent. As these rules provide a very effective description, and our interaction with the world is also very effective, it seems self-evident that our perception follows these laws. As a result, when trying to explain imperfections in perception, we tend to impose consistency and introduce concepts such as deformations of visual space. In this review, we provide numerous examples that show that in many situations we perceive related attributes to have inconsistent values. We discuss how our tendency to assume consistency leads to erroneous conclusions on how we process sensory information. We propose that perception is not about creating a consistent internal representation of the outside world, but about answering specific questions about the outside world. As the information used to answer a question is specific for that question, this naturally leads to inconsistencies in perception and to an apparent dissociation between some perceptual judgments and related actions.
The Technical and Research Committee on Reclamation SELENIUM IN THE ELK RIVER BASIN , BRITISH COLUMBIA-A REVIEW OF FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION OF IMPLICATIONS FOR ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT

Despite 100 to 200 fold increases in waterborne selenium below coal mine operations in the Elk River basin, concentrations in sediments, attached algae, aquatic insects and fish tissues were only 2 to 5 times greater than reference sites. Selenium concentrations in Westslope cutthroat trout skeletal muscle and liver were higher in the near field populations and exceeded published toxic effects thresholds for fish tissue. Further study in 1998 compared the frequency of embryonic deformities and mortalities with the; Se concentration in the eggs of individual female cutthroat trout in an exposed and a reference population. Egg selenium concentrations ranged from 2.0 to 8.8 μg/g dry wt. in reference fish, and 8.7 to 81.3 μg/g dry wt. in exposed fish. Both reference and exposed populations showed low frequencies of deformities (<2.5%) and occasional high frequencies of mortalities (up to 100%) but no correlation with egg selenium. The lack of response in this population of cutthroat trout suggests an evolved tolerance to selenium at levels reported elsewhere to cause significant toxic effects. The findings of the Elk River studies provide evidence that development and application of universal criteria must be done with great caution. Management decisions made on residue data alone may be unnecessarily under or over protective. At this stage it appears necessary that site specific studies must be carried out to verify the absence: or presence of effects. BACKGROUND Selenium contamination of surface waters from human activities falls into two categories. The first could be described as accelerated mobilization of in situ minerals and would include mining in Se bearing strata, and the irrigation of seleniferous soils. The second includes industrial effluents, usually those associated with fossil fuels such as oil refineries or coal fired power plants.
Competence-based approach to teaching international opportunity identification: cross-cultural aspects

Boosting entrepreneurship is an important strategy for transforming the competitiveness of European economies (Commission of the European Communities, 2004). Two key areas for action are educating entrepreneurs and supporting the internationalisation of small and medium-sized enterprises (Commission of the European Communities, 2004). This paper explores how entrepreneurship education can facilitate international entrepreneurship by fostering international opportunity identification competencies. Entrepreneurship education needs to develop the actual task competence of identifying opportunities and the perceived task competence (self-efficacy) of the entrepreneur. Competence and self-efficacy are developed and applied in context (Man, 2005). Hence, we argue that culture is a significant contextual variable. We explore the possible moderating influence of cross-cultural training on entrepreneurial competence and self-efficacy in identifying international opportunities. We then recommend strategies for increasing entrepreneurial competence and self-efficacy in identifying international opportunities through cross-cultural training.
Measuring collinear W emissions inside jets

Single and multiple emission of electroweak gauge bosons and in particular of W bosons is discussed in the parton shower language. Algorithms and observables for the reconstruction of both leptonically and hadronically decaying W bosons inside light quark jets are compared, and they are applied to a study of how emission rates of W bosons in light-jet events at the LHC could be measured.
A Predictive Data Analytic for the Hardness of Hamiltonian Cycle Problem Instances

In their landmark paper ”Where the Really Hard Problems Are”, Cheeseman et al. describe the relative instance hardness, measured in computation time, of three decision prob- lems (Hamiltonian Cycle, Vertex Coloring, K-satisfiability) and one optimization problem (Traveling Salesman). For these four problems, they identify a single property, an ”order parameter” related to specific instance characteristics, for predicting com- putational hardness. One such characteristic is the probability of a random graph being Hamiltonian (having a Hamiltonian Cycle): it depends on its average vertex degree, which is its order parameter. This Hamiltonian probability goes through a sudden phase transition as the order parameter increases and the hardest problem instances, algorithmically speaking, are found close to this phase transition. As such, the order parameter can be seen as an analytic on instance data useful for predicting runtimes on (exponential time) algorithms. In this study, we replicate the original experiment and extend it with two more algorithms. Our countribution is as follows: first, we confirm their original results. Second, we show that an inversion of their heuristic significantly improves algorithmic performance on the same graphs, at zero extra cost. Third, we show that an advanced pruning algorithm by Vandegriend and Culberson further improves runtimes when run on the same graphs. We conclude that the order parameter based on problem instance data analytics is useful across different algorithms. Fourth, we produce high-resolution online interactive diagrams, which we make available for further research along with all the source code and input data.
A Hopf-power Markov chain on compositions C

In a recent paper, Diaconis, Ram and I constructed Markov chains using the coproduct-then-product map of a combinatorial Hopf algebra. We presented an algorithm for diagonalising a large class of these “Hopf-power chains”, including the Gilbert-Shannon-Reeds model of riffle-shuffling of a deck of cards and a rock-breaking model. A very restrictive condition from that paper is removed in my thesis, and this extended abstract focuses on one application of the improved theory. Here, I use a new technique of lumping Hopf-power chains to show that the Hopf-power chain on the algebra of quasisymmetric functions is the induced chain on descent sets under riffleshuffling. Moreover, I relate its right and left eigenfunctions to Garsia-Reutenauer idempotents and ribbon characters respectively, from which I recover an analogous result of Diaconis and Fulman (2012) concerning the number of descents under riffle-shuffling. Résumé. Dans un récent article avec Diaconis et Ram, nous avons construit des chaı̂nes de Markov en utilisant une composition du coproduit et produit d’une algébre de Hopf combinatoire. Nous avons présenté un algorithme pour diagonaliser une large classe de ces “chaı̂nes de Hopf puissance”, en particulier nous avons diagonalisé le modèle de Gilbert-Shannon-Reeds de mélange de cartes en “riffle shuffle” (couper en deux, puis intercaler) et un modèle de cassage de pierres. Dans mon travail de thèse, nous supprimons une condition très restrictive de cet article, et ce papier se concentre sur une application de cette amélioration. Nous utilisons ici une nouvelle technique de projection de chaı̂nes de Hopf puissance pour montrer que la chaı̂ne de Hopf puissance sur l’algèbre des fonctions quasi-symétriques est la chaı̂ne de Markov induite sur les ensembles des descentes dans le “riffle shuffling”. De plus, nous faisons le lien entre les fonctions propres à droite et à gauche et respectivement les idempotents de Garsia-Reutenauer et les caractères en rubans, ce qui nous permet de retrouver un résultat analogue à Diaconis et Fulman (2012) concernant le nombre de descentes dans le “riffle shuffling”.
LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF LOWER LIMB INJURIES IN FRONTAL CRASHES

The objective of the study is to evaluate lower limb injuries in frontal crashes, identify the parameters that have significant influence on such injuries, and quantify their effect using logistic regression technique. This paper contains a review of lower limb injuries literature. Later the data subset used for the study is described. It is followed by an exploratory analysis consisting of: the evaluation of lower limb injuries and the analysis of effects of different parameters on such injuries. The logistic regression analysis is presented in the end to quantify the effects of some significant factors on lower limb and leg-foot complex injury risk. Two response measures, injury risk and average injuries per occupant, were analyzed during the exploratory analysis phase. Both measures showed similar effects of all factors. Based on the logistic regression model, the authors have also predicted the probability of lower limb and leg-foot complex injury under certain conditions of intrusion, crash severity, seating position and gender. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD E102514.
Corporate social responsibility evaluation by different levels of management of Islamic banks and traditional banks: evidence from banking sector of Bangladesh

The research aims to evaluate different levels of management understanding and performance on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of traditional banks and Islamic banks in Bangladesh. Moreover, the paper points out the philosophy of both banks’ policy makers. The study is exclusively analytical in nature where 14 banks were selected on the basis of availability of branches in the research area. The research was based on primary data sources through a structured questionnaire. The research findings revealed that there is a gap between policy makers’ assurance of CSR contribution and its real implementation. The analysis found that Islamic banks are better than traditional banks with regard to the implementation of CSR policies. The result also showed that there are still some controversies on CSR performance of Islamic and traditional banks in general. The study also observed that Islamic, as well as traditional banks’ different levels of management conceive that CSR activities are performed by banks for their own interest rather than for social welfare. Therefore, it must be emphasized that good CSR policy is inevitable for all types of banks in Bangladesh. For the betterment of the society, as well as the banks, all levels of management should harmonize their CSR philosophy. Keywords: corporate social responsibility, management performance, traditional bank, Islamic bank, Bangladesh. JEL Classification: G21, M10, M14
Meta-analysis of the impact of neutral detergent fiber on intake, digestibility and performance of lactating dairy cows

It was evaluated the effects of the chemical characteristics and in vivo NDF digestibility (IVNDFD) on intake, digestibility and performance of dairy cows in fedlot by using a meta-analysis procedure from 285 observations of six experiments. It was used data of animals fed diets based on corn silage (n = 213) or sugarcane (n = 72). Despite the lower NDF content of sugarcane (45.27% of DM) compared to corn silage (54.48%), it was noted lower intakes of dry matter (DMI) and NDF, which responded with a lower milk yield. It was observed a greater reduction in DMI (kg/day) with the increase of NDFf (NDF forage, % DM) in sugarcane diets (332.4 g of DM for each 1% of NDFf) in relation to corn silage (96 g of DM for each 1% of NDFf). The greatest effect of ruminal repletion of sugar cane NDF is caused by the indigestible fraction, majoritary, despite the highest degradation rate of NDF potentially degradable fraction in relation to corn silage. Milk production not corrected (MP) and MP corrected to 4% fat (MPC) and the content of milk protein decreased linearly with the increase of NDFf content, regardless of the forage source. However, MP and MPC were not affected by NDFnf (non-forage NDF) level. Intakes of DM, NDF, TDN and milk fat content decreased linearly with increase in the lignin:NDF ratio, with greater amplitude in sugarcane based diets in relation to silage corn. Dry matter intake, MP and MPC reduced linearly and at the same magnitude among forage sources, with the increase in NDFD of the diet. The effect of NDF and lignin on intake, digestibility and animal performance depend upon the source used.
Automatic Sleep Arousal Detection Using State Distance Analysis in Phase Space

Defective sleep arousal can contribute to significant sleep-related injuries and affect the quality of life. Investigating the arousal process is a challenging task as most of such events may be associated with subtle electrophysiological indications. Thus, developing an accurate model is an essential step toward the diagnosis and assessment of arousals. Here we introduce a novel approach for automatic arousal detection inspired by the states' recurrences in nonlinear dynamics. We first show how the states distance matrices of a complex system can be reconstructed to decrease the effect of false neighbors. Then, we use a convolutional neural network for probing the correlated structures inside the distance matrices with the arousal occurrences. Contrary to earlier studies in the literature, the proposed approach focuses on the dynamic behavior of polysomnography recordings rather than frequency analysis. The proposed approach is evaluated on the training dataset in a 3-fold cross-validation scheme and achieved an average of 19.20% and 78.57% for the area under the precision-recall (AUPRC) and area under the ROC curves, respectively. The overall AUPRC on the unseen test dataset is 19%.