Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Syzygium cumini (Jamun): Potential Benefits in Hyperglycemia

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar (glucose) levels that result from defects in insulin secretion, or action, or both. In this present study, we mainly focused on the effect of ‘Syzygium cumini’ to control diabetes mellitus. The collected jamun seed were washed and sun dried for 7-8 days to dry them. And, dry powder of jamun seeds biochemically analyzed for moisture -70.5, protein8.2 gm, crude fibre16.2 gm, iron12.8 mg (values as per 100 gm). The present review has been primed to describe the role of jamun to control diabetes mellitus.
Specific inspiratory muscle training in patients with mild asthma with high consumption of inhaled beta(2)-agonists.

BACKGROUND It has been known for many years that there are variations between asthmatic patients in terms of their perception of breathlessness during airway obstruction. STUDY OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between beta(2)-agonist consumption and the score of perception of dyspnea, in mild asthmatics, and the relationship between the effect of specific inspiratory muscle training (SIMT) on the score of perception of dyspnea and beta(2)-agonist consumption in "high perceivers. " METHODS Daily beta(2)-agonist consumption was assessed during a 4-week run-in period in 82 patients with mild asthma. Patients with a mean beta(2)-agonist consumption of > 1 puff/d ("high consumers") then were randomized into two groups: one group of patients received SIMT for 3 months; the other group of patients was assigned as a control group and received sham training. Inspiratory muscle strength and perception of dyspnea were assessed before patients entered the study, following the 4-week run-in period, and after completing the training period. RESULTS Following the 4-week run-in period, 23 high-consumer patients (mean [+/- SEM] beta(2)-agonist consumption, 2.7 +/- 0.4 puffs/d) were detected. The mean Borg score during breathing against resistance was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the patients with high beta(2)-agonist consumption than in the subjects with low mean beta(2)-agonist consumption. Following SIMT, the mean maximal inspiratory pressure increased significantly from 94.1 +/- 5.1 to 109.7 +/- 5.2 cm H(2)O (p < 0.005) in the training group. The increase in inspiratory muscle strength was associated with a statistically significant decrease in the mean Borg score during breathing against resistance (p < 0.05) as well as in the mean daily beta(2)-agonist consumption. CONCLUSIONS We have shown that patients with mild asthma, who have a high beta(2)-agonist consumption, have a higher perception of dyspnea than those with normal consumption. In addition, SIMT was associated with a decrease in perception of dyspnea and a decrease in beta(2)-agonist consumption.
A study of the serum properdin levels of patients with malignant tumors

N A RECENT study of the properdin level in I human blood serum,ll we noted that in 12 of 25 patients suffering from carcinoma the level was less than 2 units per milliliter of serum, whereas this was so in only 5 of 100 normal controls and 9 of 70 patients with lymphoma (Hodgkin’s disease, chronic lymphatic leukemia, or lymphosarcoma). This previous study, designed to discover whether the serum properdin of patients with
Effects of processing depth, distinctiveness, and word frequency on retention.

The hypothesis that retention differences between semantic and phonemic encodings are in part attributable to greater distinctiveness of semantic encodings was investigated in two experiments. The memory-enhancing effects of instructions designed to increase trace distinctiveness were much greater with phonemic than with semantic processing. The usual inverse relationship between word frequency and recognition was reduced by instructions designed to increase trace distinctiveness, suggesting that the customary advantage of rare over common words may be partially due to greater encoded distinctiveness of rare words.
Long-acting beta2-agonists versus theophylline for maintenance treatment of asthma.

BACKGROUND Theophylline and long acting beta-2 agonists are bronchodilators used for the management of persistent asthma symptoms, especially nocturnal asthma. They represent different classes of drug with differing side-effect profiles. OBJECTIVES To assess the comparative efficacy, safety and side-effects of long-acting beta-2 agonists and theophylline in the maintenance treatment of adults and adolescents with asthma. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Airways Group trials register and reference lists of articles. We also contacted authors of identified RCTs for other relevant published and unpublished studies and pharmaceutical manufacturers. Most recent search: November 2006. SELECTION CRITERIA All included studies were RCTs involving adults and children with clinical evidence of asthma. These studies must have compared oral sustained release and/or dose adjusted theophylline with an inhaled long-acting beta-2 agonist. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS In original review, two reviewers independently assessed trial quality and extracted data, similarly in this update two reviewers undertook this. Study authors were contacted for additional information. MAIN RESULTS Thirteen studies with a total of 1344 participants met the inclusion criteria of the review. They were of varying quality. There was no significant difference between salmeterol and theophylline in FEV(1) predicted (6.5%; 95% CI -0.84 to 13.83). However, salmeterol treatment led to significantly better morning PEF (mean difference 16.71 L/min, 95% CI 8.91 to 24.51) and evening PEF (mean difference 15.58 L/min, 95% CI 8.33 to 22.83). Salmeterol also reduced the use of rescue medication. Formoterol, used in two studies was reported to be as effective as theophylline. Bitolterol, used in only one study, was reported to be less effective than theophylline. Participants taking salmeterol experienced fewer adverse events than those using theophylline (Parallel studies: Relative Risk 0.44; 95% CI 0.30 to 0.63, Risk Difference -0.11; 95% CI -0.16 to -0.07, Numbers Needed to Treat (NNT) 9; 95% CI 6 to 14). Significant reductions were reported for central nervous system adverse events (Relative Risk 0.50; 95% CI 0.29 to 0.86, Risk Difference -0.07; 95% CI -0.12 to -0.02, NNT 14; 95% CI 8 to 50) and gastrointestinal adverse events (Relative Risk 0.30; 95% CI 0.17 to 0.55, Risk Difference -0.11; 95% CI -0.16 to -0.06, NNT 9; 95% CI 6 to 16). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Long-acting beta-2 agonists, particularly salmeterol, are more effective than theophylline in improving morning and evening PEF, but are not significantly different in their effect on FEV1. There is evidence of decreased daytime and nighttime short-acting beta-2 agonist requirement with salmeterol. Fewer adverse events occurred in participants using long-acting beta-2 agonists (salmeterol and formoterol) as compared to theophylline.
Hyperhomocysteinemia:An Emerging and Important Risk Factor for Thromboembolic and Cardiovascular Disease

Homocysteine is an important contributing factor to thrombosis, vascular injury, and vascular disease. Mechanisms for homocysteine-induced vascular disease include alterations in coagulation as well as endothelial cell and vessel wall injury. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HH[e]) can occur when homocysteine metabolism is altered by mutations in enzymes responsible for homocysteine metabolism. Characterization of these mutations identifies patient groups at risk for vascular disease. Treatment of HH(e) consists of vitamins and raises the possibility that some forms of vascular disease may be easily, safely, and inexpensively treated.
Influence of metals on cytokines production in connection with successful implantation therapy in dentistry.

OBJECTIVES In most of patients in need of implantation treatment in the oral cavity, implants heal well, nevertheless, there are some individuals, in whom titanium implants fail for reasons, which remain unclear. DESIGN The aim of our study was to determine if there is a difference between metal influenced IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ cytokines production in patients with successfully healed implants compared to those, whose implant therapy was unsuccessful. SETTING The two study groups included 12 patients with failed dental titanium implants and 9 patients with successfully healed implants. In the subjects, cytokine production was established after lymphocyte cultivation with mercury, nickel and titanium antigens. RESULTS IL-1β levels were significantly increased in all patients after stimulation with titanium and in patients with accepted implants compared to patients with failed implants after the stimulation with mercury and titanium. Titanium caused significantly increased IL-6 production in all patients. TNF-α and IFN-γ levels were also significantly increased after the stimulation with titanium. Significantly increased TNF-α levels were found in patients with accepted implants as compared to patients with failed implants. CONCLUSIONS Increased production of IL-1β a IL-6 cytokines in reaction to titanium and increased production of TNF-α and IFN-γ cytokines in reaction to mercury, which is very often present in the form of amalgam in the oral cavity of persons in need of implant therapy, can play an important role in immune reactions during implant healing process. In patients with failed titanium implants, decreased production of these cytokines may participate in implant failure.
Fast distance-driven projection and truncation management for iterative cone-beam CT reconstruction

The purpose of this study was to improve the speed of the Simultaneous Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (SART) for truncated cone-beam (CB) projections using a distance-driven forward projector. First, we optimized the innermost loop of the projector for a cone-beam scanner with a circular source trajectory and a flat-panel imager. We showed that the innermost loop of the distance-driven projection reduces to the mapping of two segments of samples with constant spacings. Second, we implemented the projector to handle a multi-resolution grid in the planes orthogonal to the rotation axis in order to reduce the overhead required to manage the truncation of the conebeam projections. The distance-driven projector was 1.4 times faster than an optimized ray-driven projection with Joseph interpolation. Moreover, the multi-resolution reduced 4 times the overhead required to handle an half-truncated Shepp-Logan phantom.
Sociodemographic variations in parental role strain: Results from a national general population survey

Objective: The aim of the study was to analyse sociodemographic differences in specific and overall parental role strains in the general population of parents of children under 18. Methods: The study is based on a subsample of 872 Icelandic parents of children under 18, derived from a national postal health survey of Icelandic adults (response rate 69%). Results: The study found that parents age 25—54, parents with more children living at home, employed parents, and mothers, especially single mothers and mothers in lower income families, were more exposed than other parents to specific and overall strains associated with the parental role. Conclusions: Parental role strains were unevenly distributed in the parental population. Describing and explaining the distribution of parental role strains contributes to the wider understanding of adult population mental health.
Corneal collagen cross-linking: promises and problems

Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) is a novel technique for increasing corneal tissue strength and rigidity, which involves polymerisation of stromal fibres by the combined action of the photosensitiser riboflavin (vitamin B2) and ultraviolet A (UVA) rays.1 The main indication for CXL in the ophthalmology arena has been the management of corneal ectasia, such as halting the progression of keratoconus.2 In addition, CXL has been proposed as a treatment modality for iatrogenic keratectasia,3 infectious corneal ulcers,4 bullous keratopathy5 and progressive myopia.6 CXL is the only available treatment that is directed to treat the underlying pathology in keratoconic corneas, which is stromal imbalance. Since its introduction, other surgical procedures, such as topography-guided photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), intracorneal rings and phakic intraocular lens (IOL) surgery, are being added to CXL to correct the visual consequences of keratoconus.7 Lorelei and Boxer Wachler in this issue ( see page 1597 ) have carried out a study in which they showed that Intacs and crosslinking on the same day as an approach to treat keratoconus benefited most those patients with worse best-corrected visual acuity and spherical equivalent to gain a greater postoperative best-corrected visual acuity improvement.8 This may be helpful in comprehensive counselling during the initial evaluation. Due to the corneal epithelial tight junctions resulting in incomplete penetration of riboflavin macromolecules, the standard procedure starts with abrasion of the corneal epithelium out to 7–8 mm, under topical anaesthesia. The de-epithelisation exposes the …
Short versus standard duration oral antibiotic therapy for acute urinary tract infection in children.

BACKGROUND The optimal duration of oral antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infection (UTI) in children has not been determined. A number of studies have compared single dose therapy to standard therapy for UTI, with mixed results. A course of antibiotics longer than a single dose but shorter than the usual 7-10 days might decrease the relapse rate and still provide some of the benefits of a shortened course of antibiotics. OBJECTIVES The objective of this review was to assess the benefits and harms of short-course (2-4 days) compared to standard duration (7-14 days) oral antibiotic treatment for acute UTI in children. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (Cochrane Library Issue 3, 2002) MEDLINE (1966 - September 2002) and EMBASE (1988 -September 2002) without language restriction. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing short-term (2-4 days) with standard (7-14 days) oral antibiotic therapy were selected if they studied children aged three months to 18 years with culture proven UTI. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Statistical analyses were performed using the random effects model and the results expressed as relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). MAIN RESULTS Ten trials were identified in which 652 children with lower tract UTI were evaluated. There was no significant difference in the frequency of positive urine cultures between the short (2-4 days) and standard duration oral antibiotic therapy (7-14 days) for UTI in children at 0-10 days after treatment (eight studies: RR 1.06; 95% CI 0.64 to 1.76) and at one to 15 months after treatment (10 studies: RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.70 to 1.29). There was no significant difference between short and standard duration therapy in the development of resistant organisms in UTI at the end of treatment (one study: RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.32 to 1.01) or in recurrent UTI (three studies: RR 0.39, 95% CI 0.12 to 1.29). REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS A 2-4 day course of oral antibiotics appears to be as effective as 7-14 days in eradicating lower tract UTI in children.
A Mixed Foodborne Outbreak With Salmonella heidelberg and Campylobacter jejuni in a Nursing Home

Abstract Objective: To investigate a mixed Salmonella heidelberg and Campylobacter jejuni foodborne outbreak in a nursing home. Design: Retrospective cohort study with a nested case-control design. Cases were defined by positive stool-culture results. Controls needed to be both asymptomatic and culture-negative. Setting and Patients: Residents of a 580-bed nursing home in Brooklyn, New York. Results: Of the 580 residents, 119 (21%) developed illness. Of the 93 symptomatic patients who submitted specimens, cultures were positive for S heidelberg in 24 (26%), C jejuni in 14 (15%), and both microorganisms in 25 (27%). Only the pureed diet was associated highly with infection by either Salmonella (odds ratio [OR], 17.6; 95% confidence interval [CI95], 4.8-68.7; P<.001), Campylobacter (OR, 13.3; CI95, 3.2-59.2; P<.001), or both organisms (OR, 8.9; CI95, 2.7-30.3; P<.001). Among the 52 pureed foods served during the 5 days before the outbreak, five meat or poultry items were associated most strongly with culture positivity. Of these five meat items, only a chopped-liver salad was implicated by the two employees reporting illness. A reported food-handling error occurred when ground, cooked chicken livers were placed in a bowl containing raw chicken-liver juices. Intervention: Recommendations for proper cleaning and sanitizing of kitchen equipment to prevent cross-contamination between raw and cooked foods. Conclusions: Mixed foodborne outbreaks occur rarely. During this outbreak, contamination of a single food item with multiple bacterial pathogens was the likely source of transmission. Improper food-handling techniques that promote growth of one microorganism also allow growth of other pathogens that may be present. Because different sources and routes of transmission may be implicated for different pathogens, specific preventive measures may vary depending on the organisms involved.
Some computational aspects of calculation of integrals arising within the framework of Method of Moments - application to bioelectromagnetics

Formulation involving the electric field integral equation (EFIE) and the related numerical solution via Method of Moments (MoM) variants requires tedious calculation of various double surface integrals arising from the use of vector triangular basis functions. The approach to evaluate such an integral strongly depends on the distance between source and observation points, respectively. In the case of a rather close interaction between the elements, due to a strong singularity, a purely numerical approach could fail resulting in the incorrect, spurious results. Hence, a combined analytical-numerical approach to extract the mentioned singularities is necessary. The present paper deals with an implementation of such an approach to the calculation of certain integrals types arising in the EFIE formulation for electromagnetic scattering from dielectric objects.
Method Execution Reports: Generating Text and Visualization to Describe Program Behavior

To obtain an accurate understanding of program behavior, developers use a set of tools and techniques such as logging outputs, debuggers, profilers, and visualizations. These support an in-depth analysis of the program behavior, each approach focusing on a different aspect. What is missing, however, is an approach to get an overview of a program execution. As a first step to fill this gap, this paper presents an approach to generate Method Execution Reports. Each report summarizes the execution of a selected method for a specific execution of the program using natural-language text and embedded visualizations. A report provides an overview of the dynamic calls and time consumption related to the selected method. We present a framework to generate these reports and discuss the specific instantiation and phrasing we have chosen. Our results comprise feedback from developers discussing the understandability and usefulness of our approach and a task-based comparison to state-of-the-art solutions.
Zur Problematik eines Gedankenexperiments über die Informationsversorgung der Wissenschaften

Based on a thought experiment in Kuhlen 2002, an attempt will be made to compare the thesis “creative destruction” with “creative integration”. An analysis of the general search engines on the web makes clear the limitations every individual solution of the different groups have which make themselves available today, in partial features, for the scientific information provision. An exclusion of the library and information and documentation knowledge leads to the dabbling of homemade software programs by academic scholars and librarians. For this reason, there is no real alternative to “creative integration” at this time, what can not rule out future radical organizational changes.
Two distinct modes of protein-induced bending in DNA.

Crystallised "naked" DNA oligomers in the B form show significant conformational mobility, particularly at CA/TG and TA/TA steps: there is a range in Roll angle of some 15 degrees between consecutive base-pairs, and Slide and Twist are directly coupled to Roll. We call such motions "mode I". They are sufficient to enable DNA to curve gently around proteins such as histone octamers in the nucleosome particle. When DNA bends around other proteins, such as CAP and TBP, its distortion is much more severe. Although the DNA in close contact with these proteins includes the CA/TG and TA/TA steps, respectively, the mode I flexibility is not deployed: instead, a more severe "mode II" manoeuvre is observed in DNA/protein co-crystals. Mode II has several distinctive physical features. First, its range of Roll angle is much wider than for mode I. Second, the major-groove width remains more-or-less constant as Roll increases, whereas it decreases significantly as Roll increases in mode I; and this enables the major groove of the DNA to accommodate a protein moiety in its severely bent conformation. Third, the value of Slide remains more-or-less constant as Roll increases, whereas it decreases in mode I. In general, in both modes I and II, the major-groove width appears to be closely related to the Slide between base-pairs. In mode II there appears to be a definite "point pivot" on the major-groove side of the two base-pairs that constitute a dinucleotide step, formed either by the steric interlocking of propeller-twisted base-pairs or by a bifurcated hydrogen bond. Distortion of DNA in mode II seems to be an intrinsic property of the double-helical structure, since it occurs whether protein is bound on the major-groove side (e.g. CAP) or on the minor-groove side (e.g. TBP). Mode II distortion occurs in a wider range of steps than those that show the largest mode-I variation; nevertheless, "access" to mode II deformation appears to be gained via mode I distortion at particular steps CA/TG and TA/TA.
Renal Vascular Responses to Angiotensin and Norepinephrine in Normal Man: EFFECT OF SODIUM INTAKE

The effect of sodium intake on renal vascular responses to angiotensin and norepinephrine infused intra-arterially was assessed in normal man by xenon washout. In subjects on an unrestricted diet, the dose of angiotensin inducing a 50% reduction in mean blood flow (ED50) was 38.2 ± 12.6 ng/min, a hundredfold lower dose than that for norepinephrine. Sodium restriction reduced the sensitivity to angiotensin tenfold: the ED50 rose to 378 ± 12 ng/min. This diet, conversely, potentiated responses to norepinephrine: the threshold dose fell from 37 ± 10 to 3.6 ± 1.9 ng/min. Thus, the reduction in sensitivity to angiotensin induced by sodium restriction was not a nonspecific effect on the vascular smooth muscle. Sodium restriction also reduced the variability in the vascular response to angiotensin, and a close correlation was found between urine sodium content and angiotensin responsiveness. The blood vessels of the normal human kidney are remarkably sensitive to angiotensin: the threshold dose is approximately 1 ng/min for intra-arterial infusion. Circulating angiotensin may be a mediator of renal vascular tone, but circulating catecholamines probably play a minimal role.