Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk Mitigation - What's Your Score?

Ask about risk management in almost any complex project, and you’re likely to be presented with some form of table listing various risks, often ranked by severity, with many of the highest risk exposures “mitigated” by control measures and demoted to safer (non-red! ) scores. These conventional style risk plans, underpinned by likelihood and consequence ratings derived from coloured look-up tables, certainly give the impression of a scientific treatment of project risk. But if you then ask more searching questions around the
Legal Liability Company Based On Sharing Economy to Service And Consumer Providers

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis bentuk pertanggungjawaban hukum perusahan berbasis sharing economy terhadap penyedia jasa dan konsumen. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Bentuk tanggung jawab hukum perusahaan sharing economy dapat berupa pertanggungjawaban perdata atau pertanggungjawaban administrasi. Selain itu, perusahaan sharing economy diberikan keleluasaan untuk menyelesaikan persoalan dengan pihak provider yang tidak diatur dalam undang-undang sebagai bentuk penegakan prinsip perusahaan yang baik; dan (2) Status perusahaan sharing economy disamakan statusnya dengan perusahaan petahana sesuai dengan UUPT. Rekomendasi penelitian ini adalah (1) perlu diadakan revisi terhadap UUPT demi menyikapi kekosongan hukum terhadap sehingga kepastian hukum provider dan konsumen lebih terjamin. (2) Pemerintah dalam hal memberikan kebebasan dan keleluasaan kepada masyarakat dalam hal kegiatan berusaha juga perlu dibarengi dengan pengawasan yang ketat sehingga dapat mengurangi kesempatan timbulnya ketimpangan yang terjadi di masyarakat dalam hal persaingan usaha.
Biomarkers Toxicant Exposure.

Abstract : The goal of this study was to develop biomarkers of toxicant exposure, in rodent models, with a focus on lead a and the military jet fuel JP8. Our results demonstrated that these toxicants caused significant alterations in the levels of specific detoxication enzymes. These affected enzymes are members of the family of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) enzymes which detoxify many environmental toxicants and drugs. Studies on lead effects on kidney found that large increases in these enzymes occurred at lead levels seen in the environment of exposed persons and they preceded pathobiological changes in kidney structure and function in lead-treated rats, suggested that changes in GSTs are a sensitive tissue marker of toxicant exposure. Studies on mechanisms demonstrated that the observed changes in GSTs reflected changes in gene expression, and contrary, to prevailing dogma, did not result from oxidative stress. Inhalation exposure of JP8 was shown to affect other members of the GST family in the nervous system, with cerebellum and retina affected These results suggest that these regions of the nervous system are targets of JP8 toxicity; this is of Air Force significance since visual and motor functions are controlled by retina and cerebellum.
In vitro Evaluation of Somaclonal Variation of Two Potato Cultivars Santana and Spunta for Resistance against Bacterial Blackleg Pectobacterium atrosepticum

Recently, tissue culture based in vitro selection have been studied as cost-effective feasible tool for developing stress-tolerant plants. Somaclonal variation created in an experiment conducted with two potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars Santana and Spunta to create somaclonal variation by repetitious subcultures on MS medium for the purpose of evaluating this somaclonal variation for biotic stress resistance, the two cultivars were inoculated in vitro with four concentrates 1 × 102, 1 × 104, 1 × 106 and 1 × 108 cfu/ml Pectobacterium atrosepticum. Both cultivars showed significant reduction of disease severity index (DSI) at highest inoculum level 1 × 108 cfu/ml between pre and post subculture. Santana cv. DSI was 51.17% and 61.5% improved significantly to 25.17% and 44.17% for calcium treated and non-treated respectively, while in Spunta cv. DSI was 54.00% and 62.33% improved significantly to 32.67% and 46.17% for calcium treated and non-treated respectively. The highest DSI recorded in pre-subculture non-treated with Ca were 33.23% and 35.16% for Santana and Spunta cvs. respectively while the lowest DSI recorded in post subculture treated with Ca were 11.97% and 15.20% for Santana and Spunta cvs. respectively. In vivo inoculation of in vitro survived plantlets with the same inoculum levels showed better performance of Santana cv. over Spunta cv. at 1 × 104 ,1 × 106 cfu/ml with (20.33%, 33.33% ) and (34.00%, 42.67% ) respectively. Calcium nitrate improved plants tolerance by reducing DSI significantly from 66.33% to 35.00% at 1 × 108 cfu/ml for non-treated and treated respectively.
Genome-wide analysis of gene expression and alternative splicing in human medulloblastoma

Medulloblastoma is a malignant embryonal tumour of the cerebellum which most commonly affects children. A subset of tumours is thought to arise from cerebellar granule cell precursors (GCPs) that fail to undergo normal neuronal development, following the hyper-activation of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signalling pathway. To identify candidate genes that might be important for medulloblastoma pathogenesis, I investigated patterns of gene expression and alternative splicing in 14 paediatric medulloblastoma and five normal cerebellar samples using Affymetrix Human Exon arrays. Statistical analysis of the gene expression data identified a group of medulloblastomas with a molecular signature of Shh pathway activation. These tumours showed higher expression levels of genes involved in spindle formation, cytokines, and cell cycle regulation. Further studies using an in vitro mouse GCP cell culture model, in which Shh is necessary for the maintenance of the progenitor state, showed that a selection of candidate genes was also over-expressed when GCPs were cultured in the presence of Shh, as compared to control cells, as well as in human medulloblastoma cell lines. Ongoing and future in vitro experiments will investigate the potential role of candidate genes in sustaining the growth of precursor and tumour cells. Exon-level analysis of gene expression showed that abnormal expression of different transcript variants is likely to occur in medulloblastoma. I selected several examples of differential exon usage and validated these using an independent set of normal and tumour specimens. Tumour-associated splicing alterations were highly consistent, enabling clear separation of normal and cancer samples and in some cases of different medulloblastoma molecular subgroups. Interestingly, Shh-treated GCPs recapitulated the splicing patterns observed in the tumour samples for six out of the eight genes analysed, suggesting that the preferential expression of specific transcript forms is regulated during normal cerebellar development. The possible relationship between inappropriate splicing and medulloblastoma pathogenesis will be the subject of future investigation.
Factors of parenting stress in mothers of young and preschool children: an analysis of foreign studies

The article analyzes the phenomenon of parenting stress: the concept, structure, and factors that influence its emergence. The analysis of foreign studies revealed 3 main groups of factors of parenting stress in mothers of early- and preschool- aged children: child’s characteristics, personality characteristics and mother’s socio-demographic characteristics, socio-psychological factors. The study showed that parenting stress in this group of mothers interplays with the temperament of the child, his health and age. As personal characteristics are concerned, the closest relations were found with the neuroticism of the mother and her assessment of self-efficacy. The review also revealed the effect of depression and psychopathology on maternal personality and constructive coping strategies which help to reduce parenting stress. The experience of neglect and abuse in childhood, a low level of marriage satisfaction and social support contribute to increased parenting stress of mothers having children of early and preschool age
Neotropical Tineidae, VI. Prosetomorpha falcata, a new genus and species of Setomorphinae (Lepidoptera: Tineoidea) from Colombia associated with curculionid galleries in stems of Solanum

-Adult and immature stages of Prosetomorpha jalcata, a new genus and species of tineid moth from Colombia, are described and illustrated. Prosetomorpha is remarkable in being the most plesiomorphic setomorphine tineid discovered, as evidenced by the five-segmented maxillary pal pi, moderately well developed haustellum, mandibles vestigial but distinct, female with signum present, and larva with six pairs of stemmata. Synapomorphies shared with other Setomorphinae include similar semi-appressed head vestiture, annulate but completely fused, eighth abdominal tergostemum in the male, mem­ branous eighth abdominal segment without rami in the female, and larvae with unidentate mandibles. The larva is believed to be primarily a scavenger within the bUlTows of a curculionid weevil, Faustinus apicalis (Faust), that bores in the stems of Solanum qui toensis var. quitoensis Lamarck and S. quitoensis var. septentrionale R. E. Schultes . A braconid parasitoid, Promicrogaster sp. , has been reared from burrows occupied by Pro setomorpha.
The cytoskeletal protein adducin and its role in vascular smooth muscle

Actin dynamics are precisely regulated by a large number of actin binding proteins which collectively alter the rates of actin filament assembly and disassembly. Spectrin, an actin cross-linking protein, forms lateral filamentous networks that are linked to the plasma membrane and are required for membrane stability and resistance to mechanical stress. Adducin binds to spectrin-actin complexes, recruiting additional spectrin molecules, thereby further stabilising the membrane. In addition, adducin can bundle and cap actin filaments, and its actions have been implicated in cytoskeletal rearrangement in a variety of cell types.In vascular smooth muscle there is evidence that rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton is involved in contraction and transmission of force to the extracellular matrix which leads to tissue remodelling. In addition, cytoskeletal dynamics are involved in vascular smooth muscle cell migration, proliferation and membrane dynamics. Protein kinase C (PKC), Rho-kinase, calmodulin and myosin light chain phosphatase are signalling proteins that are involved in these processes in vascular smooth muscle, and adducin is regulated by these signalling proteins in platelets and epithelial cells.The current study provides evidence for regulation of the actin cytoskeleton by ? -adducin in vascular smooth muscle. Both ? -adducin and spectrin are associated with the cytoskeleton in vascular smooth muscle cells of rat mesenteric small arteries. In response to activation by noradrenaline (NA), ? -adducin becomes rapidly phosphorylated on Ser 724, a site specific for PKC, and dissociates from the actin cytoskeleton and spectrin in a PKC-dependent manner. Longer exposure of vessels to NA results in dephosphorylation of ? -adducin on Ser 724 and its Rho-kinase-dependent reassociation with the actin cytoskeleton. Concurrent with this reassociation is enhanced association between the two proteins and an increase in the proportion of spectrin associated with the actin cytoskeleton. In addition, a rise in filamentous actin is observed, which can be blocked by inhibition of PKC or Rho-kinase and also by delivery of the ? -adducin antibody into vessels in order to inhibit the function of endogenous ? -adducin. These data provide evidence for a model in which ? -adducin functions as an actin capping protein in resting vascular smooth muscle cells. Upon vasoconstrictor activation ? -adducin becomes phosphorylated by PKC, inducing its dissociation from the actin cytoskeleton allowing elongation of actin filaments and further rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. Following this reorganisation, ? -adducin re-associates with the actin cytoskeleton, possibly in response to phosphorylation by Rho-kinase, and recruits additional spectrin molecules, thus strengthening the newly formed actin filament network. These data provide further insight into the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton in vascular smooth muscle.
PrimPol (Primase/Polymerase), replicating enzyme – A mini review

Polymerases were revealed first in 1970s. Most important to the modest perception the enzyme responsible for nuclear DNA replication that was pol , for DNA repair pol and for mitochondrial DNA replication pol DNA construction and renovation done by DNA polymerases, so directing both the constancy and discrepancy of genetic information. Replication of genome initiate with DNA template-dependent fusion of small primers of RNA. This preliminary phase in replication of DNA demarcated as de novo primer synthesis which is catalyzed by specified polymerases known as primases. Sixteen diverse DNA-synthesizing enzymes about human perspective are devoted to replication, reparation, mutilation lenience, and inconsistency of nuclear DNA. But in dissimilarity, merely one DNA polymerase has been called in mitochondria. It has been suggest that PrimPol is extremely acting the roles by re-priming DNA replication in mitochondria to permit an effective and appropriate way replication to be accomplished. Investigations from a numeral of test site have significantly amplified our appreciative of the role, recruitment and regulation of the enzyme during DNA replication. Though, we are simply just start to increase in value the versatile roles that play PrimPol in eukaryote.
Frontiers in eating and weight regulation

Preface: Langhans, W. Geary, N. Introduction - Obesity and Food Intake: Basic and Clinical Approaches: De Kloet, A.D. Woods, S.C. Overview of the Physiological Control of Eating: Langhans, W. Geary, N. Therapeutic Potential of Gut Peptides: Wolnerhanssen, B. Beglinger, C. Roles of Amylin in Satiation, Adiposity and Brain Development: Lutz, T.A. The Enterocyte as an Energy Flow Sensor in the Control of Eating: Langhans, W. Development of Hypothalamic Neural Networks Controlling Appetite: Bouret, S.G. Hypothalamic Nutrient Sensing and Energy Balance: Moran, T.H. Blood-Brain Barrier as a Regulatory Interface: Banks, W.A. Do Leptin and Insulin Signal Adiposity? Hillebrand, J.J.G. Geary, N. Leptin-Signaling Pathways and Leptin Resistance: Munzberg, H. Hypothalamic-Brainstem Circuits Controlling Eating: Blevins, J.E. Baskin, D.G. Brainstem Integrative Function in the Central Nervous System Control of Food Intake: Schwartz, G.J. Gaining New Insights into Food Reward with Functional Neuroimaging: Neary, M.T. Batterham, R.L. Cortical Mechanisms of Human Eating: Kringelbach, M.L. Stein, A. Genetic Variation in Dopaminergic Reward in Humans: Stice, E. Dagher, A. Metabolic Imprinting in Obesity: Sullivan, E.L. Grove, K.L. Gene-Environment Interactions in Obesity: Hetherington, M.M. Cecil, J.E.
An Investigation into the Use of a Plant-Expressed Virus-Like Particle as an Oral Vaccine Candidate

Abstract Plant-expressed virus-like particles (VLPs) could offer an alternative method for the oral delivery of vaccines. VLPs' robustness, combined with their compartmentalisation within the plant cells, should favour their stability in the harsh gastro-intestinal (GI) environment. In the small intestine, intact VLPs should be available for absorption by the Follicle-associated epithelium (FAE), considered the main portal of entry for antigens in the gut. In this work, Hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) VLPs, expressed transiently in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, were extracted, purified and characterised. The stability of purified HBcAg VLPs in simulated human gastric and intestinal media was investigated. The results suggested that the antigen was unstable when subjected to various simulated gastric fluids. Upon incubation in simulated human and ex vivo pig intestinal fluids, HBcAg maintained higher stability. Leaves expressing HBcAg VLPs could be dried, retaining good antigen stability, but the natural encapsulation in the leaves failed to protect the antigen from degradation in the simulated GI fluids. However, enteric-coated “green” tablets containing dried leaves expressing HBcAg could be produced and were shown to confer protection in simulated gastric fluids but allowed the release of intact antigen in simulated intestinal fluids. Purified HBcAg VLPs could be formulated into spray-dried and spray freeze-dried microparticles using a pH-responsive polymer. However, such formulations showed poor gastro-resistance, negating their use for targeted intestinal delivery. HBcAg VLPs could be also freeze-dried, suggesting the potential use of freeze-drying for further processing of the antigen into an oral formulation. A human cell culture model of the small intestinal epithelium indicated selective absorption of HBcAg VLPs by the FAE but limited overall absorption. In vivo ligated loop studies in mice suggested poor intestinal absorption, mainly relegated to the FAE. This research represents an original investigation into the possible applications of plant-expressed HBcAg VLPs for oral drug delivery.
Physicochemical quality and mycodegradation of commercial paint effluents from factories in Ado-Ekiti, southwestern region, Nigeria

Bioremediation is a useful method for restoring contaminated soils because of its cost effectiveness and environmental friendliness. However, the process is slow in soils with low pH. This study sought to explore the isolation and bioremediation of oil-based paint in aqueous medium using indigenous fungal isolates from paint contaminated soil from Ado Ekiti. The fungal isolates were initially screened for bioremediation potential in mineral salts medium containing oil-based paint (conc. 300 ppm, w/v) under shake flask conditions. Results of the physicochemical analysis of the soil showed: pH, 5.60-6.25; organic carbon, 2.28-4.70%; temperature, 27 -35 o C; BOD, 182-219 mg/L; COD, 292-719 mg/L; sulphate, 30-42 mg/L; nitrate, 2.25-8.0 mg/L. The load of heterotrophic fungi ranged from 1.21 × 10 4 to 17.0 ×10 4 cfu/g while paint-utilizing fungal counts in the samples ranged from 0.27 × 10 3 to 3.5 ×10 3 cfu/g. The isolated fungi mainly belonged to six (6) fungal genera, namely; Penicillium spp (43.75%), Fusarium spp (18.75%), Rhizopus oryzae (12.5%), Aspergillus niger (12.5%). Among them, Penicillium notatum showed the greatest paint degradation ability from day 7 to day 21 while Penicillium citrium showed the least among the fungal isolates on day 7. The results suggest that Penicllium isolates in this study could be exploited in bioremediation of paint effluents and contaminated soil. Keywords: Biodegradation, Fungi, Contamination, Isolate, Paint effluent
The development of a quasi-dimensional model for dual fuel combustion in engine cycle-simulation

The research presented within this thesis gives an overview of the process of development, validation and application of a quasi-dimensional combustion model for the cycle-simulations in the conventional dual fuel internal combustion (IC) engines. The newly developed combustion model is called the Dual Fuel Multi Zone Combustion Model (DFMZCM), and has been integrated within the AVL cycle-simulation software (AVL Boost) Dual fuel engine is a term which is used for an IC engine that operates with two fuels simultaneously. However, this term is usually used to describe an IC engine that operates in the compression-ignition mode and is powered by a combination of the high and low reactivity fuels, mainly Diesel fuel and natural gas (methane). A conventional dual fuel engine operates with the port injected low reactivity fuel (natural gas) and directly injected high reactivity fuel (Diesel fuel). The combustion process in a conventional dual fuel engine shares characteristics with the combustion in the conventional compression-ignited and spark-ignited engines. In the initial stages the combustion in a conventional dual fuel IC engine is driven by the chemistry of the prepared fuel/air mixture, while in the later stages it is driven by both the fuel/ air/ combustion products mixing process and the flame propagation through the premixed mixture. The DFMZCM is a zero-dimensional (0-D) model, which means that only the time discretization is accounted for, while the spatial heterogeneities of composition and of the state are neglected. In order to introduce more physical description of the phenomena which occur inside the engine’s combustion chamber, a multi-zone and quasi-dimensional approach to combustion modeling are used. Quasi-dimensional approach to the 0-D combustion modeling enables the inclusion of various geometrical effects in the calculation of the burning rate. Multi-zone approach to the 0-D combustion modeling enables the prediction of in-cylinder composition and temperature heterogeneity. The DFMZCM accounts for the in-cylinder turbulence, zone and wall heat transfer, spray process and mixing-controlled combustion process, the process of flame propagation through the premixed mixture, harmful exhaust gas emissions formation, and knock in the end gas. The validation and application of newly developed DFMZCM reveal that the model is predictive, and that with this model it is possible to achieve a good fit between the experimentally measured and simulated results.
The Detection Method of Abnormal Messages based on Deep Neural Network on the CAN Bus

: In recent years, with the increase of the number of external interfaces and electronic control units (ECUs) in vehicles, some unknown attacks about vehicle have emerged, the safety of vehicles has gradually become a top priority for auto manufacturer and vehicle owners. In this paper, we introduce a new attack model for the CAN bus of the vehicle and propose a deep neural network (DNN) based model to detect attacks. We collect normal messages exchanged between the CAN bus by ECUs in real vehicles to construct normal data sets. According to the existing methods, the ability of the attacker is quantified. Different anomaly data sets are constructed based on the strength of the attacker. Finally, the performance of the model is verified by using the normal and abnormal data sets. The detection rate of the proposed method is far more than the existing methods with good robustness and stability.
Predation by the oyster toadfish Opsanus tau (Linnaeus) on blue crabs and mud crabs, predators of the hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria (Linnaeus, 1758).

The oyster toadfish, Opsanus tau (Linne), reduces predation by xanthid and portunid crabs on juvenile hard clams, Mercenaria mercenaria (Linne), in field cultures. This study examined the influence of size and species on the predator-prey relationship between toadfish and crabs. The mud crabs Eurypanopeus depressus (Smith), Neopanope sayi (Smith), and Panopeus herbstii Milne Edwards of 5-40 mm carapace width and blue crabs Callinectes sapidus Rathbun of 77-105 mm carapace width were offered to toadfish of 70-322 mm total length. Toadfish predation rates on mud crabs were higher with increasing toadfish size and lower with increasing crab size. Toadfish injured or killed mud crabs that were one tenth of their total length or approximately one half of their mouth width. Predation of juvenile hard clams by blue crabs was reduced when toadfish were present.