Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Liquid Metal Gallium Micromachines Speed Up in Confining Channels

One of the great challenges in the field of tiny machines is the capability of engineering liquid metal micromachines to autonomously move within confining channels to perform various complex tasks. Herein, liquid metal gallium micromachines that significantly increase their velocity in confining channels with adaptive deformation under exposure to an electric field are presented. The liquid metal gallium micromachines move toward the negative electrode under the propulsion of hydrogen bubbles, which is obviously different from the previous report that liquid metal gallium alloy (i.e., Galinstan) micromachines move to the positive electrode, owing to the surface tension gradient. More importantly, the liquid metal gallium micromachine can adaptively deform and accelerate in confined channels. The velocity of liquid metal gallium micromachines increases with the decrease in the width of channels. It is found that the speed‐up motion of liquid metal gallium micromachines is caused by the enhanced electro‐osmosis effect in confining channels. The findings not only help understand the role of the confinement effect on the motion of liquid metal micromachines but also provide a novel strategy to manipulate the motion velocity of liquid metal micromachines for specific applications.
Joint Quality Study of Self-piercing Riveted Aluminum and Steel Joints Depending on the Thickness and Strength of Base Metal

Dissimilar joining of aluminum and steel is one of the fundamental techniques for achieving weight reduction in the automotive industry. Self-piercing rivets have been widely adopted for the aluminum-steel lap joint because of its simplicity and high joining strength. In this study, the joining quality of the aluminum-steel joint produced by self-piercing rivets is investigated depending on the strength and thickness of the aluminum sheet. Four different tensile strengths (228, 305, 320, and 326 MPa) of aluminum are considered in this study, which corresponds to Al5052-H32, Al5754-H18, Al5083-H32 and Al6061-T6. For the thickness variation test, Al5052-H32 sheets with a thickness of 1.2, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 mm are used. The SPR joint quality was quantified with cross-sectional visual analysis and tensile lap shear test. In aluminum(top)-steel (bottom) SPR joint, it was observed that the joint load increased with increasing aluminum strength up to 320 MPa. Nevertheless, the thickness of top aluminum was found to not affect the joint strength between the thickness of 1.5 ~ 2.5 mm. In steel(top)-aluminum(bottom) SPR joint, it was found that joint strength did not change with aluminum strength but increased with increasing aluminum thickness.
TRIBOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF BORON CARBIDE FILMS SLIDING AGAINST DIFFERENT MATING MATERIALS UNDER HIGH RELATIVE HUMIDITY

Tribological performances are significantly affected by the tribo-chemical reaction of the mating materials, while the effect on the B4C film under high relative humidity conditions are poorly investigated. Therefore, fiction tests of three tribo-pairs (B4C/WC, B4C/steel and B4C/Al2O3) under 85 % RH with various normal loads and sliding frequencies were performed. The results show that the B4C/WC tribo-pair exhibits excellent tribological properties, including very stable friction curves, minimum friction coefficients & wear rates, maximum carrying-load capacity and the smallest fluctuations with the change of the normal load. Similar results have been obtained for the B4C/WC tribo-pair with the increase in the sliding frequency. This is mainly attributed to the oxidation of WC to form WO3 that is conducive in enhancing the tribological performances. Therefore, the sliding contact of B4C/WC is the desirable design for engineering applications under high relative humidity.
Steel microfibres in fly ash geopolymer for multifunctional conductive composites

Steel fibres in construction materials not only enhance their mechanical and fracture properties but also increase their capability of electrical conductivity. This feature thus enables the material to obtain advanced multifunctional properties that can be utilized in self-sensing and other smart applications. Fly ash geopolymers with steel microfibres in 5−30% wt. were prepared to assess the influence of the fibres on selected electrical properties of the composite (resistance, capacitance and relative permittivity) with respect to mechanical performance. Microstructure and interfacial bonding of matrix and steel fibres was observed by electron microscopy imaging. Steel fibres caused an improvement in all assessed electrical properties but only above a certain frequency values. Furthermore, steel reinforced samples exhibited increase in both compressive and flexural strength.
The Effect of Nanosilica on the Early Strength of Alkali-Activated Portland Composite Cements

Significant reduction of carbon footprint of the construction industry is achieved through the use of composite Portland cements. However, substitution levels of additives in the composite cements are limited due to slow strength development arising from low reactivity of the pozzolana compared to clinker phases especially at the early age. The aim of the study was to evaluate effect of nanosilica on formation of strength properties and structure at the early age. The Portland composite cement containing clinker, granulated blast furnace slag, zeolite tuff as natural pozzolana and limestone with additives of nanosilica, Na2SO4 and polycarboxylate ether was investigated. The results obtained with the help of PSD, XRD, DTA, TG and SEM techniques showed that addition into the cement paste of the nanosilica particles with high surface reactivity improved the composite cement microstructure and leaching of calcium became significantly lower, because nanosilica particles react with calcium hydroxide with the formation of a denser C-S-H gel at the early age of hardening.
Textbook of Medical Physiology

Introducing a new hobby for other people may inspire them to join with you. Reading, as one of mutual hobby, is considered as the very easy hobby to do. But, many people are not interested in this hobby. Why? Boring is the reason of why. However, this feel actually can deal with the book and time of you reading. Yeah, one that we will refer to break the boredom in reading is choosing textbook of medical physiology as the reading material.
Flow behavior analysis of confined fluid in a flexible tube: application of asymptotic approach

In this paper, we asymptotically investigate a confined fluid flow in a flexible tube with a variable section. The fluid is considered to be newtonian, incompressible and it elapses in elastic and isotropic shell. This study provides a review of recent analysing the effects of the elastic wall tube properties over the fluid behaviour. The unsteady fluid flow will be analysed following the singular perturbations theory according to a large Reynolds number and a small aspect radio. The wall is assumed to be a thin shell that generate a small axisymmetric vibration. This model is mathematically developed by using the thin shell linear theory that is governed by a geodesic curvature parameter.
Implant placement on bone granulation tissue. A case series

Aim Some of the main challenges in immediate implant placement are the lack of remaining bone for anchorage and socket decontamination in cases of teeth extracted due to infection. The objective of this case series is to describe a surgical technique that is also capable of maintaining bone architecture after extraction, while promoting the decontamination of the area and use the maximum potential of bone cells regenerative capacity. Case report Three cases were followed for periods ranging from 5 months to 5 years. An early implantation technique was used on all cases, with a waiting period of 21 days after tooth-extraction. This allows the implant placement on a new formed bone granulation tissue, rich in growth factors and osteoprogenitor cells. Results This approach allowed sites decontamination, formation of vital bone contacting the implant surface, primary stability, good three-dimensional positioning, and satisfactory prosthetic outcomes in all cases. Conclusions Implant placement on bone granulation tissue is a viable technique and should be considered as an option during treatment planning.
The quality comparison of particleboards produced from heartwood and sapwood of European larch

In this paper, the impacts of heartwood and sapwood usage on the physical, mechanical, and surface properties and formaldehyde emission of particleboard are investigated. European Larch (Larix decidua) trees are chosen as a raw material. The logs are divided into three segments: sapwood, heartwood and total wood. The highest amounts of cellulose (51.54%), and hemicelluloses (22.24%) in the sapwood, followed by total wood, and the heartwood, respectively. However, the highest amount of lignin (30.54%) was found in the heartwood. The highest extractives values are obtained from heartwood, followed by total wood, and the sapwood, respectively. While the lowest pH value (3.03) is found in heartwood, the sapwood samples provide the highest values (4.95). The highest ash (0.49%) content and amount of condensed tannin (13.89%) are extracted from heartwood, followed by total wood, and sapwood, respectively. The test panels manufactured from sapwood have the smoothest surface (7.49 µm (Ra), 48.86 µm (Ry), and 35.12 µm (Rz)) and the lowest contact angles (67.8ᵒ), while the roughest surface (14.20 µm (Ra), 68.05 µm (Ry), and 50.02 µm (Rz)) and highest contact angle (96.9ᵒ) are obtained from the panels of heartwood. The thickness swelling (19.88%) and formaldehyde emission (7.28%) values of the panels manufactured from heartwood are significantly lower than the panels manufactured from the total wood and sapwood. The highest modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and internal bond (IB) values are observed on sapwood, respectively, 15.60 MPa (MOR), 2201 MPa (MOE), and 0.523 MPa (IB). These mechanical strength values (MOR, MOE, and IB) are followed by total wood, and the heartwood, respectively. Surface smoothness and wettability of the particleboards manufactured from sapwood are better than those of total wood and heartwood.
Prevalence of dental caries and oral hygiene practices in children with cleft lip and/or palate

Objectives To assess the prevalence of dental caries and oral hygiene practices in children with cleft lip and/or palate in the age group of 3-10 years, and compared with non-cleft controls. Study design The study was conducted on 105 children with cleft lip and/or palate in the age group of 3 to 10 years, and was matched with 120 non-cleft children. A modified WHO oral health assessment form (1997) was used and a questionnaire was given to the mothers of cleft lip and/or palate children. Results No significant difference was observed between the cleft and non-cleft groups with respect to the proportion of dental caries (χ2=0.72 p=0.40). All the cases and controls used tooth brush and tooth paste to clean their teeth. 95% of cases and 92.5% of controls brushed their teeth without any assistance by the parent or guardian. 69.52% of cases and 57.5% of controls rinsed their oral cavity after each meal/snack.
Yearbook of Medical Informatics

A charge coupled digital to analog converter includes a charge divider coupled to a reference charge generator for producing a plurality of predetermined reference charge portions. The charge portions are applied to a plurality of charge gates, each having outputs and each being coupled to a conditional clock generator for selectively sinking or transferring the charge portion it receives in response to a digital signal to be converted. A charge summer is coupled to receive transferred charge portions from the plurality of charge gates for summing the charge portions received and applying the summed charge to a charge-to-voltage converter which produces an analog voltage corresponding to the applied digital signal.
Une complication rare de la maladie de Behçet : le trou maculaire

Les auteurs rapportent l'observation d'une complication inhabituelle de la maladie de Behcet : la survenue d'un trou maculaire compliquant une vascularite retinienne avec perte fonctionnelle d'un oeil. A travers une nevue des differentes atteintes oculaires de la maladie de Behcet, l'accent est mis sur la rarete des atteintes du segment posterieur et leur gravite potentielle.
High-Transmission Ultrathin Huygens’ Metasurface with 360° Phase Control by Using Double-Layer Transmitarray Elements

Metasurfaces (two-dimensional metamaterials) have attracted much attention in recent years. However, due to the symmetric design of its cascaded elements, a traditional transmission-type metasurface must be at least three layers thick to achieve high transmission and 360\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} phase control simultaneously. This study presents an ultrathin Huygens' metasurface, composed of double-layer antisymmetric transmitarray elements, that can realize high transmission and 360\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} phase control at once. Based on this metasurface, a high-gain ultrathin (3.3% of the wavelength) transmitarray antenna is created, with an aperture efficiency of 61.04% at the working frequency.
A NOVEL METHOD FOR MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRIC FIELD IN EMULATED HUMAN BODY TISSUE USING WIRE MESH SENSOR

Wire mesh sensor has been successfully fabricated and used for measurement of the electric field in emulated human body tissue. Measurement of electric field in human body tissue needs to be done, because the electric field is very useful for the treatment especially cancer treatment and also important for health. In this study, we propose a novel electric field measurement method by using wire mesh sensor (wms), that is all channels on the wire act as receivers, and each cross point of the wire are interconnected. While in existing wire mesh sensors, there are two perpendicular channels of transmitter and receiver, and each channel is unrelated, there is a distance between the two channels. At present, wire mesh sensors 3 × 3 and 8 × 8 were used to measure the value of electric field at each wire intersection point. The wire mesh sensor consists of copper wire in a cylindrical body model with diameter 14 [cm]. The emulated human body tissue were inserted in the wire mesh sensor. Furthermore, linear back propagation technique and bilinear interpolation used for image reconstruction of the electric field distribution. The result showed that the wire mesh sensor 8 × 8 has better resolution than wire mesh sensor 3 × 3. The characterisation of wire mesh sensor 8 × 8 for measurement of electric field in emulated human body tissue is obtained lower than measurement in the air with a ratio of 82%. Meanwhile, the wire mesh sensor 3 × 3 could be achieved at 61.8%. This study can be a new science in measuring electric field so that electric field-based treatment planning system can be more optimal.
CARDIO3®ECHO Expert System for Echocardiography : a Smartphone Application

BACKGROUND Echocardiography is one of the non-invasive, widely available and basic methods to examine the heart. Current devices allow echocardiographic measurements and calculations of large amounts of hemodynamic and morphological parameters. To establish the diagnosis and assessment of severity of heart disease, it is needed to evaluate all available data. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to investigate the feasibility of CARDIO3®ECHO expert system for the diagnosis of heart diseases, using echocardiographic measurement data. METHODS We created a simulator for the measurement of echocardiographic parameters and implemented basic calculations of hemodynamic parameters (volume, flow, pressure or velocity). This system was tested on a database of findings of the CARDIO3® Comprehensive Atlas of Echocardiography. The measurement results are the basis for the text description, which is compiled from standard clinical keywords. The application enables adding other parameters required for the evaluation of echocardiographic findings, such as age, weight and height of the patient. The results and calculations are stored in the database to verify the accuracy of the measurement. The system highlights the possible discrepancy between the measured parameters and calculated values. The application includes stratification of measurement results and the severity of heart disease. RESULTS During testing on the CARDIO3® database consisting nowadays of 644 echocardiographic samples (112 various case reports), we revealed several inaccuracies in calculated clinical findings. For instance the left atrium short axis dimension measured from parasternal view (LA PSAX) indicated a normal (non-dilated) left atrium (LA) size whereas measurement of the left atrium volume from apical view resulted in moderate LA dilatation (due to the elongated shape). Another example was the evaluation of severity of aortic valve stenosis. Aortic valve area (AVA) measured directly from the parasternal short-axis view (PSAX) mismatched the calculation of AVA using a continuity equation. The system makes alerts if any controversy occurs in the assessment of valvular heart diseases, systolic or diastolic ventricular function, evaluation of pulmonary hypertension or hemodynamics in restrictive cardiomyopathy/constrictive pericarditis. The app is available on iPad devices. The authors of the cases and charts are comprised of clinical cardiologists and internal fellows. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that simulator-based training in echocardiography could be very effective and if implemented in the echocardiography device may be helpful in clinical practice. In a routine clinical setting it enables quicker processing of the examination protocol and a prompt final recommendation for the management of the patient. []
Fluid structure interaction of Francis-99 turbine and experimental validation

The ability to predict a francis runners dynamic response to the exciting forces is paramount to avoid unwanted disintegration of the turbines components. In this article, each of the principal factors contributing to the dynamic response of the runner; eigenfrequency, mode shape, damping and pressure force, is individually examined and compared to the measured values from the Francis-99 runner. Even though the runner is made with a bolted connection between the blades and crown/band, and thus severely increasing the complexity, quite accurate predictions are possible using methods previously validated for massive and symmetric runners. All calculations are conducted on the best efficiency point and with eigenmodes corresponding to Nodal Diameter 4 as excited by the second harmonic of the guide vane passing frequency. The calculated natural frequency for the first two ND4 eigenmodes are within ±5% of the measured values. Further are the calculated eigenmodes, forcing pressure field and hydrodynamic damping all within measurement tolerances with some minor exceptions.
Alcohol and human health-sorting out the facts

News from around the world Alcohol and human health: Sorting out the facts. by Creina Stockley Medical News Moderate drinking associated with lower risk of stroke in women The association of alcohol consumption with osteoporosis Heart healthy choices in your 20s pay off in middle age Towns with very low mortality due to ischemic heart disease in Spain Lifestyle change and high-density lipoprotein change Alcohol dosing and the heart: updating clinical evidence Obesity and alcohol – an overview Further reviews by the International Scientific Forum for Alcohol Research Alcohol consumption and esophageal and gastric cardia adeno carcinoma risk Heart attack survivors may benefit from moderate alcohol consumption Social and Policy News
Long-term ambient air-stable cubic CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots using molecular bromine

We report unprecedented phase stability of cubic CsPbBr3 quantum dots in ambient air obtained by using Br2 as halide precursor. Mechanistic investigation reveals the decisive role of temperature-controlled in situ generated, oleylammonium halide species from molecular halogen and amine for the long term stability and emission tunability of CsPbX3 (X = Br, I) nanocrystals.
Characterization of Biofilm Formation and Coating Degradation by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

Recent findings showed severe localized corrosion of submerged steel bridge piles in a Florida bridge and was associated with microbial activity in the presence of marine foulers. Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) can cause severe degradation of submerged steel infrastructure with the presence of biofilm associated with microorganisms such as sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). Coatings have been developed to mitigate MIC and marine fouling. Coating degradation and disbondment can occur as a result of microbial attack due to the production of metabolites that degrade coating chemical and physical properties. In the work described here, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was conducted to identify microbial activity and degradation of an antifouling coating exposed to SRB-inoculated modified Postgate B solution. The measurements resulted in complicated impedance with multiple loops in the Nyquist diagram associated with the coating material, development of surface layers (biofilm), and the steel interface. Deconvolution of the impedance results and fitting to equivalent circuit analogs were made to identify coating characteristics and surface layer formation. EIS test results revealed coating degradation and subsequent formation of surface layers associated with SRB due to coating self-polishing and depletion of biocide components.
Dentists' ranking of Medicaid reimbursement rates as a measure of their pediatric Medicaid participation.

: The objective of the study was to determine the usefulness of dentists' ranking of Medicaid reimbursement rates as a measure of their participation in the Medicaid program for children. Data were obtained from two mail-in questionnaire surveys of Connecticut dentists, before and after an increase in Medicaid reimbursement rates for children. Dentists ranked acceptability of Medicaid reimbursement rates on a seven-point index, while their participation in the Medicaid program was assessed by whether they acknowledged treating Medicaid children and were currently accepting new Medicaid children into their practices. There was a significant difference (p < 0.0001) in the dentists' ranking of Medicaid reimbursement rates following the rate increase indicating that the index was responsive. Acceptance of new Medicaid children into dental practices was a better measure of active participation in the Medicaid program. Following the increase in Medicaid reimbursement rates, dentists ranking it as acceptable/equivocal were more likely (p < 0.02) to accept new Medicaid children into their practices. In conclusion, the index of dentists' ranking of Medicaid reimbursement rates was a responsive and valid measure of their participation in the Medicaid program.