Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In the Beginning

Accessible online at: www.karger. com/journals/hde 1 Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1998, 369 pp. For the greater part of the premodern and modern history of the study of visual perception it was widely conceded that the perceptual world of the infant is impenetrable. The apparent absence of a relevant reliable response repertoire preempted deployment of the standard experimental probes used so successfully in investigations of the perceptual world of the adult. This discouraging assessment forestalled direct experimental study of the infant’s perceptual world, but it did not inhibit speculation and opinion. These opinions were shaped by the study of infant surrogates and by theoretical predisposition. For centuries the favorite stand-in for the newborn infant was the newly seeing blind adult.
Transforming palliative care in nursing homes : the social work role

Foreword: Looking Back on the Nursing Home Experience of My Mother, by Msgr. Charles FaheyForeword, by Virginia RichardsonIntroduction, by Mercedes Bern-Klug1. The Need to Extend the Reach of Palliative Psychosocial Care to Nursing Home Residents with Advanced Chronic Illness, by Mercedes Bern-Klug2. The Structure and Process of Advanced Chronic Illness and Palliative Care in Nursing Homes, by Sarah Thompson and Lisa Church3. Paying for Advanced Chronic Illness and Hospice Care in America's Nursing Homes, by Michael J. Klug4. Trends in the Characteristics of Nursing Homes and Residents, by Mercedes Bern-Klug5. Anticipating and Managing Common Medical Challenges Encountered at the End of Life, by Ann Allegre6. Identifying and Addressing the Psychosocial, Social, Spiritual, and Existential Issues Affecting Nursing Home Residents at the End of Life, by Jean C. Munn7. Identifying and Addressing Family Members' Psychosocial, Spiritual, and Existential Issues Related to Having a Loved One Living and Dying in a Nursing Home, by Patricia J. Kolb8. Identifying and Addressing Ethical Issues in Advanced Chronic Illness and at the End of Life, by Charles E. Gessert and Don F. Reynolds9. Final Discharge Planning: Rituals Related to the Death of a Nursing Home Resident, by Peggy Sharr and Mercedes Bern-Klug10. Grief, Self-Care, and Staff-Care: Repeated Loss in the Nursing Home Environment, by Sara Sanders and Patti Homan11. The Future of Palliative Psychosocial Care for Nursing Home Residents with Advanced Chronic Illness, by Mercedes Bern-KlugAppendixIndex
Activation of STAT Transcription Factors in Oncogenic Tyrosine Kinase Signaling

Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are cytoplasmic transcription factors that translocate to the nucleus and regulate gene expression in response to cytokine and growth factor stimulation. Emerging evidence indicates that STAT signaling is also frequently activated by oncogenes and in tumor cells. Constitutive activation of STAT proteins has been reported in cell lines stably transformed by diverse oncoproteins that directly or indirectly activate specific tyrosine kinase signaling pathways. In addition, STAT activation has been detected in a variety of human tumors and tumor cell lines, many of which are known to harbor activated tyrosine kinases. Recent findings support a model in which activation of STAT signaling in the context of oncogenesis induces gene expression that participates in malignant transformation.
Clinical Anatomy & Physiology of the Swallow Mechanism

Examination of the Oral Component of the Swallow Mechanism. Examination of the Pharyngeal Component of the Swallow Mechanism. Examination of the Esophageal Component of the Swallow Mechanism. Control of Normal Swallow. Structural and Physiologic Abnormalities in Oral Phase. Structural and Physiologic Abnormalities in Pharyngeal Phase. Structural and Physiologic Abnormalities in Esophageal Phase. Summary.
Characterization of Enolase Allergen from Rhodotorula mucilaginosa

Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (also known as R. rubra) is among the most commonly found yeast strains in our environment. However, allergens from R. mucilaginosa have not yet been characterized at the molecular level. The purpose of this study was to characterize the enolase allergen from R. mucilaginosa and examine the allergenic/antigenic cross-reactivity among fungal enolases. The full-length cDNA encoding the R. mucilaginosa enolase was isolated through the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in conjunction with the 5′-end and 3′-end rapid amplification cDNA end reactions. The corresponding natural enolase from R. mucilaginosa was identified using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis. The results showed that the enolase from R. mucilaginosa is a protein of 439 residues and is encoded by a cDNA of 1,497 bp. It shares high sequence identity with enolase allergens from Candida albicans (85%), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (76%), Penicillium citrinum (76%), Aspergillus fumigatus (76%), Cladosporium herbarum (76.5%), and Alternaria alternata (74%). A 47-kD component in the R. mucilaginosa extracts was found to react with IgE or rabbit anti-enolase antiserum and has an N-terminal amino acid sequence identical to that deduced from the isolated enolase cDNA. Sera from three (21%) of 14 allergic patients sensitized to R. mucilaginosa showed IgE binding to this 47-kD R. mucilaginosa component and the His-tagged recombinant enolase. A rabbit antiserum against the P. citrinum enolase and a monoclonal antibody (MoAb; Afueno 8) against the A. fumigatus enolase reacted with all 5 fungal enolases tested. However, an MoAb (E2a) generated by using the Saccharomyces enolase as antigen could only recognize the immunizing enolase. In addition, heterogeneity in immunoblot profiles of IgE antibodies in serum samples from 9 allergic patients against 5 different fungal enolases tested was also observed. The presence of IgE cross-reactivity among enolase allergens from R. mucilaginosa, C. albicans and P. citrinum was detected by immunoblot inhibition. In conclusion, a new and cross-reactive enolase allergen from R. mucilaginosa (Rho m 1) was identified. Although enolases are highly conserved allergens among different fungal species, most of the allergic patients examined in this study differed in their IgE reactivity to the 5 different fungal enolases tested. The results obtained will be of value in understanding the role of enolase allergen in clinical mould allergy.
The 2011 ACGME Program Requirements: A New Model for Quality and Safety

On June 23, 2010, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) posted on its web site new program requirements for residency training in the United States. These guidelines were highly anticipated by the academic medical community since they contained the duty hour regulations that would likely frame the work schedules of house staff for the next decade. This expectancy was heightened by the release in 2008 of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) Report – “Resident Duty Hours: Enhancing Sleep, Supervision and Safety. ” This report raised concerns that the ACGME 2003 duty hour regulations did not go far enough to ensure the safety of patients and residents. Specifically, the IOM identified research models that found safety gains from more restrictive shift lengths, and highlighted other industries that have aggressively regulated hours at work and at rest.
Care of the Patient in Radiotherapy

The role of the radiographer Referral of patients: appointments and patient records Care of the patient in the radiotherapy department: prevention of accidents and first aid Hygiene and cross-infection in the radiotherapy department Drugs in radiotherapy and oncology Examinations and investigative procedures The effects of radiation on tissue Radiation reactions and care of the patient
Optimising the management of gastrointestinal symptoms following pelvic radiotherapy.

BackgroundPelvic radiotherapy is a well-established treatment for pelvic malignancies, with 30,000 patients per year in the UK receiving radical pelvic radiotherapy either alone or in combination with other oncological treatments. 80% develop acute gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and 50% develop chronic GI symptoms and in parallel to improvements in survival, increasing numbers of patients are living to develop the long term consequences of treatment. Despite this, less than 20% of patients who develop chronic GI symptoms are ever referred to a gastroenterologist. Aims1. To determine the current practice of clinical oncologists and gastroenterologists with respect to management of chronic GI symptoms following pelvic radiotherapy in 2 parallel national surveys.2. To determine whether specialist gastroenterological management of chronic GI symptoms following pelvic radiotherapy based on a structured algorithmic approach identifies GI diagnoses and improves outcomes.3. To determine whether a GI care bundle comprising nutritional assessment and intervention and investigation of GI symptoms and subsequent treatment of diagnoses found is feasible and acceptable to patients.FindingsThere is no formal robust screening for GI symptoms, low referral rates, patchy services, use of ineffective treatments and inadequate expertise. Oncologists underestimate the problem and under refer. Gastroenterologists are seeing low numbers of patients and lack expertise. Both groups state that a regional multidisciplinary service for patients with GI symptoms following pelvic radiotherapy would be desirable.Patients who develop GI symptoms following pelvic radiotherapy present with multiple symptoms (median 8) and thorough structured evaluation identified multiple potentially treatable diagnoses, with 28 patients (55%) having ? 2 causes for their GI symptoms. Half of diagnoses were unrelated to previous cancer treatment. Common diagnoses included radiation proctopathy, bile acid malabsorption, diverticulosis and colonic polyps. A clinically and statistically significant improvement in GI symptoms was found in parallel to GI intervention using inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire (IBDQ) (p=0.014), Vaizey incontinence questionnaire (VIQ) (p<0.0005) and the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) pelvic symptom questionnaire rectum-bowel subset (p=0.001). Initial data show that GI and nutritional intervention during pelvic chemoradiotherapy is both feasible and acceptable to patients.ConclusionsThere is inadequate care and services for this patient group in the UK. GI intervention using a structured algorithmic approach is of benefit in terms of identifying potentially treatable diagnoses and improving symptoms. GI intervention during pelvic radiotherapy is feasible and acceptable to patients and ongoing work will determine the benefit of this intervention in terms of symptom control in the short and long term and cost benefit. A programme of mechanistic and clinical research is required to improve the understanding of this scenario.
Moving Up: The Experiences of First-Year Students in Post-Primary Education

The transition from primary to post-primary education is a crucial time in young people's lives. Moving Up, the first major study of its kind in Ireland, presents the views of the key people involved in the process, including school principals, teachers, parents and students themselves, and examines the ways in which schools can ease the transition to post-primary education.
A Case of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation and Sinus Bradycardia due to Coronary Artery Spasm

79 Copyrightc 2015 The Korean Association of Internal Medicine This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Received: 2014. 10. 7 Revised: 2014. 10. 13 Accepted: 2014. 10. 30
Brain Mediation of Anolis Social Dominance Displays

Ritualistic displays of aggressive intent are important social signals, often obviating physically dangerous engagement. To date, however, brain regions mediating such behaviors are not established. Here we used male Anolis carolinensis together with an in vivo 14C-2-deoxyglucose method to determine patterns of brain activation during elicitation of this animal’s dominance displays vs. other behaviors. By patching one eye regional brain activation in the hemisphere receiving display-evocative visual stimuli (‘seeing’ side) was compared to activity in the contralateral brain that did not see specific stimuli (‘patched’ side); this was quantitated as the ratio of seeing/patched activity for brain regions of interest. Lone males displaying dominantly to mirrors activated dorsolateral basal ganglia (BG) in the seeing, compared to the patched hemisphere; this was not seen in various non-displaying controls. Degree of dorsolateral BG activation also correlated with a measure of dominant display activity, but not with locomotion. In socially stable pairs, displaying dominants showed similar activation of dorsolateral BG, but deactivated ventromedial BG; non-dominant cagemates displaying submissively had the opposite pattern. When cohabiting peacefully without displaying, paired dominants’ and subordinates’ brain activity patterns were similar to each other. Thus, different BG subsystems seem involved in dominant vs. submissive display behaviors. Given similarities in both social displays and BG organization, homologous brain systems might have similar functions in members of other amniote classes, including primates.
Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft e.V.

1997 ist die neue Auflage des Tumorhistologieschlüssels (THS, deutschsprachige Fassung der ICD-O-2) erschienen. In allen Tumorzentren und Onkologischen Schwerpunkten soll die Verschlüsselung der histologischen Diagnosen nach diesem THS erfolgen. Diese Diagnosen werden in der Regel von Pathologen gestellt und sind dann für die Kodierung und Dokumentation verbindlich. Somit sind die Pathologen eine entscheidende Zielgruppe des THS. Das Buch stellt eine kodierte Nomenklatur der heute als klinische Entitäten anerkannten benignen und malignen Tumoren dar. Für jeden Tumor ist als erste die Vorzugsbezeichnung angegeben, die sich aus den «Blue Books» der WHO, den Atlanten des AFIP (Armed Forces Institute of Pathology) und den deutschsprachigen Lehrbüchern ergibt. Darunter – eingerückt – stehen die Synonyme, die vielerorts verwendet werden. Die internationalen Bemühungen um eine Standardisierung der morphologischen Tumordiagnostik erfordern eine einheitliche Tumordokumentation mit einheitlichen Begriffen. Dasselbe gilt auch für das gesetzlich vorgeschriebene Qualitätsmanagement, um epidemiologische Daten und Endresultate verschiedener Einrichtungen vergleichen zu können. Um dem zu genügen, bitten wir alle Pathologen, im zusammenfassenden Teil ihrer histologischen Begutachtungen ausschließlich die im THS jeweils am Anfang stehenden und durch halbfetten Druck gekennzeichneten Vorzugsbezeichnungen der WHO-Klassifikationen zu verwenden. Diagnosen, die nicht im THS erwähnt sind, können von den Dokumentaren nicht verschlüsselt werden und entfallen somit bei der klinischen Dokumentation. Das schließt nicht aus, im ausführlichen Text des pathohistologischen Gutachtens andere Klassifikationen oder andere Bezeichnungen zu verwenden. Die Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft (DKG) und das bei ihr eingerichtete Informationszentrum für Standards in der Onkologie (ISTO) wie auch die Arbeitsgemeinschaft Deutscher Tumorzentren (ADT) bemühen sich um eine möglichst flächendeckende Erfassung der Versorgungssituation durch Förderung von Klinischen Krebsregistern bzw. regionalen und nationalen Tumordatenbanken. Deren Funktion setzt eine einheitliche Nomenklatur und Verschlüsselung der histologischen Tumordiagnosen voraus. Die Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft und die Arbeitsgemeinschaft Deutscher Tumorzentren richten an alle Pathologen die Bitte, die internationalen Bemühungen um eine Standardisierung der morphologischen Tumordiagnostik zu unterstützen. Unklarheiten oder Fehler, die Sie im THS finden, teilen Sie bitte dem Informationszentrum für Standards in der Onkologie, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 41, D-60596 Frankfurt/Main, mit. Reports of Oncological Societies · Mitteilungen onkologischer Gesellschaften
Student nurse-older person communication: a mini-ethnography

Four themes were identified from the data as follows: types of communication (task and non-task) modes of communication (verbal and non-verbal) factors which either hinder or enhance student-older person communication student nurses' approach to communicating with older people (this theme had three categories i.e. student assumptions about how one should communicate with older people, with registered nurses working in the area, and student views on how one should protect oneself emotionally).
Determinants of left ventricular hypertrophy before and after surgical treatment of aortic stenosis: clinical, morphofunctional, genetic and molecular correlations

Aortic stenosis is the most common type of valvular heart disease and its recent increase is related to aging. The decreased aortic valve area imposes a chronic systolic pressure overload to the left ventricle. In response, the ventricle hypertrophies in an attempt to normalize the increased wall stress, but this response is not uniform in patients with similar degrees of stenosis and its regression after surgical correction is variable, suggesting that several factors, other than load, can explain these differences. These findings are particularly important since the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy after aortic valve replacement is an independent predictor of worse outcome, probably because it indicates irreversible remodeling. Age, gender, hypertension, patient-prosthesis mismatch and interstitial remodeling also play an important role in this setting, raising the possibility of intervention beyond valve replacement. The possibility of combining estrogen treatment, antihypertensive agents, antioxidants and modulators of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system with surgical treatment to promote reverse remodeling is very appealing. On the other hand, a preventive strategy to intervene earlier in patients with significant left ventricular mass and avoid patient-prosthesis mismatch, especially in the younger and those with systolic dysfunction, can have a significant impact on prognosis. Further evidence, with well designed clinical trials, is needed but the spotlight must be in the ventricle, not the valve.
Application of a Time–Resolved Fluoroimmunoassay for the Analysis of Normal Prion Protein in Human Blood and Its Components

Background and Objectives: To quantify the cellular isoform of prion protein (PrPc) in human blood using a new time–resolved dissociation–enhanced fluoroimmunoassay (DELFIA®). Materials and Methods: The DELFIA was optimised for human blood samples and applied to isolated cell and plasma fractions from blood donations. The physicochemical properties of PrPc were analysed. Results: 26.5% of blood PrPc was associated with the platelet fraction, 0.8% with polymorphonuclear leucocytes, 2.4% with mononuclear leucocytes, 1.8% with red cells and 68.5% with plasma (mean values from 4 processed donations). Conclusion: The majority of blood PrPc is found in the platelet and plasma compartments.
Cerebral Haemorrhage

While there have been substantial improvements in the management of patients with cerebral infarction and there are likely to be further improvements over the next decade, the same may not be true for cerebral haemorrhage. Diagnostic facilities and neurosurgical techniques have improved but not all patients are benefiting from these. The current literature is reviewed. Further controlled trials of the utility of modern neurosurgical techniques are urgently required as at present no therapeutic intervention holds out hope for these patients other than optimum medical management. The main focus must be on prevention.
Principles and practice of cardiopulmonary physical therapy

This classic text is the third edition of "Frownfelter's Chest Physical Therapy and Pulmonary Rehabilitation". This edition offers an enhanced scientific perspective with a strong editorial foundation and retains the readability and clear organization of previous editions. It is visually appealing with over 400 illustrations and a user-friendly format. Each chapter includes a list of key terms and a set of review questions. It includes a glossary that follows the text. In sync with the latest developments in cardiopulmonary physical therapy, the content is unified by the underlying theme of "oxygen transport".
Inhibition of Virus Replication by RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a sequence-specific gene-silencing mechanism in eukaryotes, which is believed to function as a defence against viruses and transposons. Since its discovery, RNAi has been developed into a widely used technique for generating genetic knock-outs and for studying gene function by reverse genetics. Additionally, inhibition of virus replication by means of induced RNAi has now been reported for numerous viruses, including several important human pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, dengue virus, poliovirus and influenza virus A. In this review, we will summarize the current data on RNAi-mediated inhibition of virus replication and discuss the possibilities for the development of RNAi-based antiviral therapeutics.
Ebola, Quarantine, and Flawed CDC Policy

The CDC’s Interim Guidance for Monitoring and Movements of Persons with Potential Ebola Virus Exposure is deeply flawed because it disregards the science of Ebola transmission. It recommends that officials quarantine individuals exposed to the virus but who do not have any symptoms of illness, ignoring the fact that only those with Ebola symptoms can communicate the virus to others. Consequently, any quarantine order based on the Guidelines is surely unconstitutional and illegal under most states’ public health statutes — as exemplified by the State of Maine’s failed petition to quarantine Nurse Kaci Hickox in October 2014. This article examines the Guidance and events surrounding its creation to explore why the CDC issued quarantine recommendations that lack scientific foundation. It also catalogues the costs of doing so, concluding that the Guidance undermines rather than serves population health.
Extended Abstracts

The centrosome, a paternally inherited domain in the cytoplasm of the fertilized egg (7), functions as a microtubule organizing center and pole determinant in the assembly of the mitotic spindle in eukaryotic cells. The centrosome in somatic cells is characterized by the presence of a pair of centrioles surrounded by an amorphous zone of pericentriolar material of poorly characterized molecular components. During the cell cycle, the centrosome, along with its centriolar components, is duplicated only once to produce a pair of centrosomes that ultimately migrate to opposite poles of the cells to organize arrays of spindle microtubules that attach to chromosomes and form the mitotic spindle. Normal bipolar spindles assure equal distribution of chromosomes to daughter nuclei, but monopolar or multipolar spindles caused by deregulation of centrosome duplication and distribution have long been implicated in errors of chromosome segregation and aneuploidy (1. 2). Multiple centrosomes in the cytoplasm, a condition known as centro-