Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Polydrug use typologies and childhood maltreatment in a nationally representative survey of Danish young adults.

OBJECTIVE Substance use and childhood maltreatment experience are linked, but little is known about the association with polydrug use patterns. METHOD Latent class analyses (LCA) were performed on eight illicit drugs in a random population sample of young Danes separated by sex (males: n = 1,555; females: n = 1,425). Logistic regressions explored associations of polydrug use patterns and childhood maltreatment. RESULTS A three-class solution best described patterns of polydrug use in both the male and female samples. Across all LCA models, Class 1 was characterized by individuals who represented wide-range polydrug users, endorsing many of the drug types (males = 8%; females = 2%). Class 2 was characterized by amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine, and amyl nitrate users (males = 18%; females = 7%). Class 3 was characterized by individuals who endorsed either low-level use of cannabis only or no drug use (males = 74%; females = 91 %). For males, having been a child-protection case was associated with Classes 1 and 2 and for females with Class 2, compared with Class 3. Alcohol problems were associated with Classes 1 and 2 for both sexes. Sexual abuse was associated with Classes 1 and 2 for females but not males, whereas physical abuse was associated with Classes 1 and 2 for males but not females, as compared with Class 3. CONCLUSIONS Separate sex analyses are important; although patterns of polydrug use are broadly similar, females are less frequently polydrug users. In addition, different relationships exist for the sexes, such that polydrug use patterns are associated with sexual abuse in females, whereas such patterns are associated with physical abuse in young males.
TASK-Like Conductances Are Present within Hippocampal CA1 Stratum Oriens Interneuron Subpopulations

TASK-1 (KCNK3) and TASK-3 (KCNK9) are members of the two-pore domain potassium channel family and form either homomeric or heteromeric open-rectifier (leak) channels. Recent evidence suggests that these channels contribute to the resting potential and input resistance in several neuron types, including hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells. However, the evidence for TWIK-related acid-sensitive potassium (TASK)-like conductances in inhibitory interneurons is less clear, and mRNA expression has suggested that TASK channels are expressed in only a subpopulation of interneurons. Here we use immunocytochemistry to demonstrate prominent TASK-3 protein expression in both parvalbumin-positive- and a subpopulation of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)67-positive interneurons. In addition, a TASK-like current (modulated by both pH and bupivacaine) was detected in 30–50% of CA1 stratum oriens interneurons of various morphological classes. In most neurons, basic shifts in pH had a larger effect on the TASK-like current than acidic, suggesting that the current is mediated by TASK-1/TASK-3 heterodimers. These data suggest that TASK-like conductances are more prevalent in inhibitory interneurons than previously supposed.
Identification et suivi par spectrométrie de masse de composés impliqués dans la défense des feuilles de vigne caractérisées pour leur niveau de résistance au mildiou

Le mildiou de la vigne, cause par le pathogene Plasmopara viticola, est une maladie cryptogamique pouvant causer de serieux degâts sur les recoltes. Pour eviter ces pertes, il est necessaire de recourir a des produits phytosanitaires. Outre leur cout financier, les questions sur la sante des viticulteurs et des populations vivant a proximite des vignobles, ainsi que la protection de l’environnement ne peuvent etre ignorees. Cependant, toutes les varietes de vigne ne presentent pas la meme sensibilite au pathogene. En effet, bien qu’elles soient moins appreciees pour leurs qualites organoleptiques, les varietes americaines sont resistantes a cette maladie. Les combiner par croisement varietal avec des especes europeennes peut constituer une alternative viable aux traitements antifongiques. Cependant, pour piloter effacement ces problemes de selection varietal, il est necessaire de mieux apprehender la relation « hote-pathogene ». C’est dans ce but que l’analyse par spectrometrie de masse a ete employee sous differents aspects
Ultrastructural localization of neurotransmitter immunoreactivity in mossy cell axons and their synaptic targets in the rat dentate gyrus

Electrophysiologically identified and intracellularly biocytin‐labeled mossy cells in the dentate hilus of the rat were studied using electron microscopy and postembedding immunogold techniques. Ultrathin sections containing a labeled mossy cell or its axon collaterals were reacted with antisera against the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate and against the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA). From single‐ and double‐immunolabeled preparations, we found that 1) mossy cell axon terminals made asymmetric contacts onto postsynaptic targets in the hilus and stratum moleculare of the dentate gyrus and showed immunoreactivity primarily for glutamate, but never for GABA; 2) in the hilus, glutamate‐positive mossy cell axon terminals targeted GABA‐positive dendritic shafts of hilar interneurons and GABA‐negative dendritic spines; and 3) in the inner molecular layer, the mossy cell axon formed asymmetric synapses with dendritic spines associated with GABA‐negative (presumably granule cell) dendrites. The results of this study support the view that excitatory (glutamatergic) mossy cell terminals contact GABAergic interneurons and non‐GABAergic neurons in the hilar region and GABA‐negative granule cells in the stratum moleculare. This pattern of connectivity is consistent with the hypothesis that mossy cells provide excitatory feedback to granule cells in a dentate gyrus associational network and also activate local hilar inhibitory elements. Hippocampus 1997;7:559–570. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Automated Essay Rater using Natural Language Processing

This paper proposes a regression based approach for automatically scoring essays that are written in English. We have used standard Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques for extracting the features from the essays. We extensively evaluate our approach on a benchmark database and demonstrate that the result obtained is comparable to human evaluators while at a much faster rate. We also analyze how the essays are scored to get a better understanding about the proposed approach
Safety of high-dose micafungin for patients with hematological diseases

Abstract This study was conducted as a retrospective, observational, exploratory cohort study with the aim of elucidating the safety profile of micafungin at doses exceeding 150 mg daily. We identified adult patients with hematological diseases who had received micafungin therapy for ≥ 7 consecutive days. Twenty-six patients administered micafungin at 300 mg daily (high-dose group) were compared with 58 patients administered micafungin at 150 mg daily (standard-dose group). The most frequent adverse events (AEs) were hepatotoxicity, hypertension and diarrhea. AEs were recorded in 42 (72%) and 19 (73%) patients in the standard-dose and high-dose groups, respectively (p = 1.00). Hepatobiliary AEs were noted in 28 (48%) and 15 (58%) patients, respectively (p = 0.48). Serious AEs and resultant treatment discontinuation were infrequent. Our results suggest that micafungin was safe and well tolerated at 300 mg daily.
Swimming Performance Changes During the Final 3 Weeks of Training Leading to the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games

The purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude of the swimming performance change during the final 3 weeks of training (F3T) leading to the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. Olympic swimmers who took part in the same event or events at the Telstra 2000 Grand Prix Series in Melbourne, Australia, (26 - 27 August 2000), and 21 - 28 d later at the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games (16 - 23 September 2000) were included in this analysis. A total of 99 performances (50 male, 49 female) were analysed. The overall performance improvement between pre- and post-F3T conditions for all swimmers was 2.18 +/- 1.50 % (p < 0.0001), (range - 1.14 % to 6.02 %). A total of 91 of the 99 analysed performances were faster after the F3T and only 8 were slower. The percentage improvement with F3T was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in males (2.57 +/- 1.45 %) than in females (1.78 +/- 1.45 %). In conclusion, the pre-Olympic F3T elicited a significant performance improvement of 2.57 % for male and 1.78 % for female swimmers at the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. The magnitude was similar for all competition events, and was achieved by swimmers from different countries and performance levels. These data provide a quantitative framework for coaches and swimmers to set realistic performance goals based on individual performance levels before the final training phase leading to important competitions.
Experimental study of heat transport in fractured network

Fractured rocks play an important role in transport of natural resources through subsurface systems. In recent years, interest has grown in investigating heat transport by means of tracer tests, driven by the important current development of geothermal applications. Many field and laboratory tracer tests in fractured media show that fracture matrix exchange is more significant for heat than mass tracers, thus thermal breakthrough curves are strongly controlled by matrix thermal diffusivity. In this study, the behaviour of heat transport in a fractured network, at bench laboratory scale, has been investigated. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences.
Clinically Suspected Scaphoid Fractures in Children

Purpose: Scaphoid fractures are often missed in children because of their rarity and difficulty with radiographic diagnosis. Children are often treated for clinically suspected scaphoid fractures although there is no radiographic evidence for fracture on initial evaluation. The 2-fold purpose of this study is (1) to determine how many clinically suspected pediatric scaphoid fractures later became radiographically evident fractures and (2) to identify physical examination findings that suggest a scaphoid fracture when present at initial evaluation. Methods: We performed separate retrospective and longitudinal reviews of children younger than 16 years referred to orthopaedics with traumatic wrist pain from January 1995 to April 2002. A total of 104 cases with high clinical suspicion but no radiographic evidence of scaphoid fracture on initial examination were included. Patients were followed until discharge to determine if they later demonstrated a confirmed fracture. In the longitudinal arm, 7 specific examination findings were recorded. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were used to analyze the data. Results: Thirty-one (30%) of the 104 wrists with no initial radiographic evidence of fracture had a radiographically evident scaphoid fracture at follow-up. In the longitudinal arm (n = 41), the following 3 findings were statistically significant predictors of scaphoid fracture: volar tenderness over the scaphoid (P = 0.010), pain with radial deviation (P = 0.001), and pain with active wrist range of motion (P = 0.015). Presence of any of these findings was associated with a higher likelihood of scaphoid fracture. Conclusion: A high percentage (30%) of clinically suspected scaphoid fractures in children became radiographically evident fractures at follow-up. Volar scaphoid tenderness, radial deviation pain, and pain with active wrist range of motion can be used as signs to increase suspicion for eventual fracture. We recommend that all clinically suspected pediatric scaphoid fractures be immobilized with repeat radiographs and a clinical examination at 2 weeks. Level of Evidence: II
The Relationship Between Student Smoking in the School Environment and Smoking Onset in Elementary School Students

This study examined how perceptions of student smoking in the school environment and the actual smoking rate among senior students at a school are related to smoking onset. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was used to examine correlates of ever smoking in a sample of 4,286 grade 6 and 7 students from 57 elementary schools in Ontario, Canada. Students are at increased risk for smoking if they (a) often see students smoking near their school, (b) report that students at their school smoke where they are not allowed, and (c) attend a school with a relatively high senior student smoking rate. Each 1% increase in the smoking rate among grade 8 students increased the odds that a student in grades 6 or 7 was an ever smoker versus never smoker (odds ratio, 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.08). A low-risk student (no family or friends who smoke) was over twice as likely to try smoking if he/she attended a high-risk school. Prevention programs should target both at-risk schools and at-risk students, and strongly enforced policies preventing students from smoking on or near school property should be implemented.
Participation of citizens in the creation of public services in Małopolska and Piacenza

In recent years, the participation of citizens in public life plays an increasingly important role in the management, in particular in local government units at the local level. Changes in the needs and demands of citizens have led to the fact that social participation has effectively transformed itself into active, effective and multidirectional action. Local communities are becoming more aware of the fact that their active participation in public life, based on multilevel and multi-sectoral cooperation, depends on the quality of public services. The purpose of this paper is to show opportunities and different solutions of influence citizens on the shaping of public services in selected local governments units on the same level in Italy (Piacenza) and Poland (poviats in Małopolska). #0#
Improved delay-dependent stability criterion and controller design for stochastic systems with time delays

This paper investigates the stability and stabilization problems of stochastic systems with time delays. By using a delay decomposition approach, a novel Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional is proposed. Combining with the Itô formula and some tighter bounding technologies, a new delay-dependent stability criterion for linear delayed stochastic systems is derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Employing the obtained result, a state feedback controller is constructed to ensure the stability in mean square of the corresponding closed-loop system. A numerical example is given to verify the effectiveness of the design method.
Partial Purification of a Na+ -ATPase from the Plasma Membrane of the Marine Alga Heterosigma akashiwo

A Na+ -ATPase was partially purified from plasma membranes of the marine alga Heterosigma akashiwo. The plasma membranes of H. akashiwo cells were collected by differential centrifugation with subsequent discontinuous gradient centrifugation. Na+ -ATPase activity was associated with the resultant plasma membrane fraction and was stimulated to the greatest extent in the presence of 100 to 200 mM Na+, 10 mM K+, and 5 mM Mg2+ ions, pH 8.0. The Km value for Na+ ions was 12.2 mM. An apparent Km value for ATP was 880 [mu]M. A 140-kD phosphorylated intermediate was also detected in the same fraction in the presence of both Mg2+ and Na+ ions, and this protein was dephosphorylated upon the addition of K+ ions. We could partially purify the 140-kD protein after solubilization by Suc monolaurate and fractionation by sequential column chromatography on Sephacryl S-300, DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, and Mono-Q columns. The purified 140-kD polypeptide could also be phosphorylated and be detected after acid sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryl-amide gel electrophoresis in the presence of Na+ and Mg2+ ions.
T-Shaped Pigmentary Changes in Tilted Disk Syndrome

Purpose Many complications associated with tilted disk syndrome may occur in the area bordering on the inferior staphyloma, including macular pigmentary changes, choroidal neovascularization, macular serous retinal detachment, polypoidal choroidal vascular anomalies, and radially orientated chorioretinal folds. The purpose of the present article is to describe an additional complication, Tshaped pigmentary changes, orientated radially from the border of the inferior staphyloma, in eyes with tilted disk syndrome. Methods Retrospective series of 6 eyes of 6 patients (3 men and 3 women) aged from 35 to 67 years. All eyes were studied by fluorescein angiography. Results All 6 eyes exhibited pigmentary changes located along the border of the staphyloma, and also radially to it, giving a particular T-shaped pattern of pigmentary changes. These changes were visible as either a linear strip or a triangular or oval-shaped area. Three eyes had a documented history of subretinal leakage that mimicked central serous chorioretinopathy, a well-known complication of tilted disk syndrome. Conclusions T-shaped pigmentary changes may develop in the course of tilted disk syndrome, and should be added to the list of this syndrome's possible retinal complications. These changes may indicate the presence of chronic leakage in the area around the superior border of the inferior staphyloma (Eur J Ophthalmol 2009; 19: 876–9).
Frequency, Tidal Volume, and Mean Airway Pressure Combinations that Provide Adequate Gas Exchange and Low Alveolar Pressure during High Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation in Rabbits

ABSTRACT: We studied healthy and saline lavaged rabbits during high frequency oscillatory ventilation to determine what combination of frequency (f), tidal volume (Vt), and mean airway pressure (Paw) produced the lowest peak-to-peak alveolar pressure amplitude (Palv) and physiologic blood gas tensions. Sinusoidal volume changes were delivered through a tracheostomy by a piston pump driven by a linear motor. Tracheal pressure amplitude (Ptr) was measured through a tracheal catheter and alveolar pressure amplitude was measured in a capsule glued to the right lower lobe. Pao2, Paco2, Ptr, and Palv were measured at the following settings: FiO2 = 0.5, frequency 2-28 Hz, V, 1-3 mL/kg (50 150% dead space) and Paw 5-15 cm H2O. Many combinations of frequency and Vt resulted in the same Pao2 and Paco2. Paw had a large effect on Palv and minimal effect on blood gas tensions. In lavaged rabbits, the composite variable f × Vt2 described the trends in Palv and blood gas tensions. As the product of f × Vt2 increased, Pao2 initially increased and then decreased, whereas Paco2 decreased and Palv increased. No single combination of frequency, Vt and Paw simultaneously provided the lowest Palv and physiologic blood gas tensions. Adequate blood gas tensions and low Palvwere obtained at frequencies less than 12 Hz, a V, of 2 mL/kg and a Paw of 10 cm H2O. In healthy and lavaged rabbits Pao2 increased and Paco2 decreased as frequency increased at lower Vt · Pao2 decreased as frequency increased at higher Vt in lavaged rabbits only. Palvtended to be greater in lavaged rabbits.
HA-1077 inhibits cell migration/invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most malignant lesion occurring in the head and neck. The Rho-kinases (ROCKs), effectors of Rho proteins, are involved in actin cytoskeletal organization, cell migration, and maintenance cortex. The HA-1077 inhibits the ROCKs. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of treatment with HA-1077 on cell motility in SCC-4 cells, a cell line originating from human OSCC. F-actin of SCC-4 cells treated or not with HA-1077 (1, 50 and 100 &mgr;mol/l), and also HA-1077 50 &mgr;mol/l and/or inhibitors Y-27632 30 &mgr;mol/l was stained with rhodamine-conjugated phalloidin and analyzed by confocal microscopy. Approximately 1×105 cells/well, control and treated with HA-1077 (25, 50, and 100 &mgr;mol/l) were added to the migration plate assay. In addition, 1×105 cells/well, control and treated with HA-1077 50 &mgr;mol/l, were tested by invasion assays (plate coated with Matrigel). The inhibition of ROCKs with HA-1077 and/or Y-27632 leads to morphological changes, affecting the organization of the actin. The inhibitory effect of HA-1077 (P<0.0001) was dose dependent as the number of cells migrated at 100 &mgr;mol/l was statistically different: 25 &mgr;mol/l (P<0.0001) and 50 &mgr;mol/l (P<0.01). The number of cells treated with HA-1077 50 &mgr;mol/l decreased compared with control cells that invaded through Matrigel (P<0.0001). This study shows an inhibitory effect of HA-1077 on cell migration and invasion, suggesting that the use of HA-1077 can be a potential therapy for OSCC.
Focusing ISAR images using the AJTF optimized with the GA and the PSO algorithm-comparison and results

Algorithms based on the genetic algorithm (GA) and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm were designed for focusing inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) images that suffered from degradation due to Doppler smearing. These algorithms optimized the adaptive joint-time frequency (AJTF) algorithm by replacing the exhaustive search as the primary search tool used to determine focusing parameters. The use of the PSO for ISAR image focusing is a unique application of this evolutionary search. Performance of the GA and the PSO were compared with the PSO producing the optimal results of being able to focus a 2/sup 11/ pulse ISAR image in 9 seconds or 24% of the cost function calculations required for an exhaustive search. This paper also introduces a new method of determining basis function suitability using the fast Fourier transform.
Opportunistic routing in wireless sensors networks

Opportunistic routing (OR) is a new method of routing in wireless sensors networks schemes (WSN) which selects the nearest node to the target for data transmission.It uses the nature of the medium to spread information. Opportunistic routing has been proven as promising routing technique for wireless sensors networks it also increases their reliability and efficiency and effectively supports multiple simultaneous flows by using the right OR protocols. The main idea behind OR is overhearing and cooperation between the nodes. This paper reviews the basic concepts of OR and lists all it protocols.
Multiple mechanisms of Erbb2 action after ultraviolet irradiation of the skin

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation causes multiple pathologic changes in the skin including inflammation, immune suppression, photoaging, and cancer. Effects of UV irradiation include the activation of numerous signal transduction pathways, including the mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK), and the activation of transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB). These responses alter gene expression in a manner that resembles the response to growth factors known as the “UV response”. The UV response alters the kinetics of cell division and cell death allowing the skin to recover from the DNA damage caused by UV exposure. UV irradiation also rapidly activates epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family members, including Erbb2 (human epithelial growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)/neu), through the generation of reactive oxygen species. Erbb2, a protooncogene that is activated in many types of cancer and associated with aggressive and chemotherapeutic‐resistant disease, is expressed in both follicular and epidermal keratinocytes within the skin. However, the physiological functions of Erbb2 in the skin and its role in the UV response are largely unknown. In this review, evidence that Erbb2 is influential in modulating the response of the skin to UV will be presented. Erbb2 alters the expression of regulatory genes controlling inflammation, angiogenesis, cell division, apoptosis, cell adhesion, and migration following UV irradiation. In addition, Erbb2 dampens UV‐induced S‐phase arrest, augments inflammation in response to UV irradiation, and suppresses UV‐induced apoptosis. In summary, the evidence presented herein links UV‐induced Erbb2 activation to many of the effects of UV and implicates Erbb2 in UV‐induced carcinogenesis. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.