Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory response to different endodontic irrigating solutions.

AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the inflammatory response to irrigating solutions injected into the peritoneal cavity of mice. METHODOLOGY Sixty mice received intra-peritoneal injections of 0.3 mL of 0.5% sodium hypochlorite, 2.0% chlorhexidine digluconate or phosphate buffered saline (PBS, control). Five animals of each group were sacrificed at 4, 24, 48 h and 7 days after the injection. Liquid from the peritoneal cavity of each animal was collected for the total and differential counting of inflammatory cells and protein leakage. RESULTS The 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution group had greater migration of neutrophils and mononuclear cells to the peritoneal cavity from 48 to 168 h (P < 0.05). There was a significant increase in protein leakage to the peritoneal cavity after 4 up to 48 h in the 0.5% sodium hypochlorite group compared to the control group. Protein leakage was similar in all groups at 168 h. The 2.0% chlorhexidine group had similar results to the control group at all time periods. CONCLUSIONS The 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution induced an inflammatory response, however, the 2.0% chlorhexidine digluconate solution did not induce a significant inflammatory response.
Neurotropism in Blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla) and Red-Billed Queleas (Quelea quelea) After Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 Infection

The epidemiologic role of passerine birds in the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) remains controversial. However, confirmed natural infections with HPAIV in Passeriformes, their close contact to poultry and humans, and their role as a human food source indicate a need for increased research on passerines. To date, there are only a few studies on viral shedding and pathomorphologic changes in songbirds infected with HPAIV. To investigate susceptibility, clinical outcome, virus spread, and pathomorphology, the authors inoculated oculo-oronasally 22 red-billed queleas (Quelea quelea) and 11 blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla) with A/Cygnus cygnus/Germany/R65/2006 (H5N1) using 2 different doses of either 104 EID50 (50% egg infective dose) or 106 EID50 per animal. They monitored all birds for clinical signs and oropharyngeal and cloacal virus shedding. They also performed immunohistochemistry and obtained molecular virologic data by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in tissue samples. In contrast to blackcaps, where 100% of the infected individuals died, queleas were much less susceptible, with a mortality of 82% and 18%, depending on the doses applied. In both species, the virus was shed within 3 to 6 days postinfection, mainly via the respiratory tract. Viral antigen was detected in 100% of the succumbed birds, particularly in the central nervous system. In blackcaps, the heart, lungs, and pancreas were mainly infected. In contrast, the pancreas was predominantly affected in queleas, whereas the heart and the lower respiratory tract were of minor relevance. The authors hypothesize that neurotropism should be considered a main factor for the fatal course of disease in Passeriformes after infection with HPAIV.
Asymptotic properties of a human age distribution under a continuous net maternity function

ResumenUna proposición útil e intuitivamente atractiva en Demografía teórica asevera que la distribución por edades de una población humana cerrada es asintóticamente independiente de estaforma en un pasado lejano, y por 10 tanto esta exclusivamente determinada por la historia de la fecundidad y mortalidad queha prevalecido durante un período razonablemente largo de tiempo. En estetrabajo se sientan losfundamentos matemdticos de esie principio y se elaboran los detalles de su prueba después de enfatizaruna comprensión intuitiva del proceso a traves del cualuna distribución de edades tiende a “olvidar” su pasado. La tendencia de una tabla inalterable de tasas vitales apra producir una estructura de edadfija en una poblacion cerrada, es presentada como un corolario de la proposición principal tratada en este artículo. SummaryA useful and intuitively appealing proposition in theoretical demography asserts that the age distribution of a closed human populationis asymptotically independent of this shapein thedistant past, and is therefore exclusively determined by the historyof fertility and mortalitythat has prevailed during a reasonably long period of time. The mathematical foundations of this ergodic principle arelaid out in this article and thedetailsof its proofareworked out afteremphasizing an intuitive understanding of the process through which an age distribution tends to “forget” its past. The tendency for an unchanging schedule of vital ratesto produce a fixed agestructure in a closed population, is presented as a corollary of the main proposition dealt with in this article.
Effects of rewards, peer-modelling and pedometer targets on children's physical activity: A school-based intervention study

This study evaluated a physical activity intervention for children that comprised peer-modelling, pedometer step goals and tangible rewards. A version of the intervention without the reward component was also tested. Participants (n = 386) were from three primary schools, which were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (i) full intervention, where children received “Fit ‘n’ Fun Dude” peer-modelling materials and were given daily pedometer goals to receive rewards, (ii) no-rewards intervention, where children received peer-modelling materials and pedometer goals but rewards were not used and (iii) control, where children wore pedometers with no further intervention. Physical activity was measured at baseline, intervention and at the end of a 14-week ‘taper’ phase. During the intervention, the full intervention school showed the largest increase in physical activity relative to baseline (+2456 steps per day, p < 0.001). There was a smaller increase in the no-rewards school (+1033 steps per day, p < 0.03), and no significant change in the control. At the end of the taper phase, physical activity in the no-rewards school continued to increase (+2030 steps per day, p < 0.001) but had returned to baseline in the full intervention school. The intervention that used only peer-modelling and pedometer goals produced better effects over time.
The hemodynamic "target": a visual tool of goal-directed therapy for septic patients.

OBJECTIVE To improve understanding of the hemodynamic status of patients with sepsis by nursing teams through the attainment of hemodynamic parameters using a pentaxial "target" diagram as a clinical tool. Parameters include cardiac index (CI), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), mean arterial pressure (MAP), arterial blood lactate, and central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2). METHODS DESIGN Prospective descriptive study. SETTING The intensive care unit of a university hospital. PATIENTS During a 6-month period, 38 intubated septic shock patients were included in the study. Survivors and nonsurvivors were compared. INTERVENTIONS MAP, CI, SaO2, ScvO2 and lactate were measured at 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. Measurements were recorded on the target diagram along with the norepinephrine infusion rate and the hemoglobin (Hb) level. The number of lactate and ScvO2 measurements achieved during the target period were compared to a 6-month retrospective control period just before starting the protocol. We assessed the nurse knowledge status prior to the introduction of target diagram. We then performed a post-test after implementing the new recording technique. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS The nursing team expressed a positive attitude toward the target concept. The mean number of lactate and ScvO2 measurements performed for each patient during the control period was significantly lower than during the target period, and those values were rarely used as goal values before the introduction of the target diagram. At 24 hours, 46% of the survivors had achieved all the goal parameter values of the target diagram, compared to only 10% of nonsurvivors (P = .01). CONCLUSION The target diagram is a visual multiparametric tool involving all the medical and nursing team that helps achieve goal-directed therapy for septic patients. The number of goal values reached at each time point during the first 48 hours was closely linked to mortality.
Joint power and admission control for multi-pair massive MIMO AF relaying system

This paper investigates the joint power and admission control problem for a multi-pair massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) amplify-and-forward relaying system. Our aim is to minimize the total transmit power for users while maximizing the number of supported users by adopting the new linear programming deflation (NLPD) algorithm. Here, the removal strategy of the NLPD algorithm is compared with the deflation based joint user removal and power allocation (DPA) algorithm and the effect of the number of relay's antennas is also analyzed for this system. Monte-Carlo simulation results indicate that with thorough removal strategy, the NLPD algorithm can support more users than that of the DPA algorithm with almost equal average transmit powers allocated for each user-pair. In addition, although both of the algorithms can accommodate all user-pairs when the number of antennas is sufficiently large, while the computational complexity of the NLPD algorithm is at least one order of magnitude lower than that of the DPA algorithm.
Genotype influencing yield and milk composition in different dairy production systems

The milk yield and milk composition of dairy animals are influenced by a large number of factors. Generally, these factors are based on genetic and non-genetic differences between dairy animals. While the genetic potential of an animal is fixed at conception, non genetic factors such as nutrition, management, milking frequency, rearing methods, stage of lactation, etc. determine whether genetic potential is attained. Therefore, the maximum marketable milk yield with different fat and protein content is desirable to producers to increase farm profitability and can be affected by choice of appropriate genotype. The present discussion explores the consequences of choice of genotype in dairy production enterprises for the milk yield and composition. The discussion points to the fact that genotype affect either yield or milk composition during the entire lactation. However, across genotypes fat and protein yields are affected by both the quantity of milk produced and fat or protein percentages in the milk.
Valuating Goodwill of Cultural Enterprises Using Wavelet Neural Network

Goodwill is one of the most valuable intangible assets of companies. Typically, only when some financial behaviors occur, for example, the proper rights of assets to be transferred or invested as shares, it is time to evaluate the value of goodwill. However, we assume that it is necessary to periodically evaluate the goodwill during the normal business period for the sake of maintaining and improving the commercial goodwill of enterprises. To this end, we focus on the problem of valuating the goodwill. Typically, the process of evaluating the goodwill involves two steps. First, a set of factors associated with the goodwill valuation should be abstracted. Second, above factors should be integrated with a proper method. To more precisely value the goodwill, in this paper we propose to employ a Wavelet Neural Network (WNN) based method to train a model based on a series of indicators. Our experiments prove the feasibility and efficiency of our method.
A short-term ingestion of fructo-oligosaccharides increases immunoglobulin A and mucin concentrations in the rat cecum, but the effects are attenuated with the prolonged ingestion

We examined the effects of fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) on IgA and mucin secretion in the rat cecum after different ingestion periods. Rats were fed a control diet or a diet containing FOS for 1, 2, 4, and 8 wk. FOS ingestion greatly increased IgA and mucin concentrations at 1 and 2 wk, but the effects were disappeared or attenuated at 4 and 8 wk. After 1 wk, FOS induced higher lactobacilli and lactate concentrations and lower cecal pH in the cecum, but the alterations were moderated with the prolonged ingestion accompanying with increasing short-chain fatty acid concentrations. At 1 and 2 wk, FOS increased IgA plasma cells and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor expression in the cecal mucosa and strongly depressed fecal mucinase activities related to the lower cecal pH. These findings may explain the FOS-induced early elevation of IgA and mucin. Clearly, FOS effects on IgA and mucin secretion considerably differ depending on the ingestion period. Graphical Abstract A short-term ingestion of FOS greatly increased the cecal concentrations of IgA and mucin in rats, but these effects were disappeared or attenuated with the prolonged ingestion.
Estimates of repeatability of reproductive measures in Canadian Holsteins.

Repeatabilities and heritabilities of days to first service, days open, and number of services per conception were estimated from 235,589 records on 80,333 Holstein cows, daughters of 306 sires obtained from the Quebec Dairy Herd Analysis Service, by REML. The model for statistical analyses included herd-year-season as a fixed effect and sire, cow (sire's daughter) within sire, and error as random effects. Variance components corresponding to sire, cow within sire, and error were then estimated by REML. Heritability estimates, obtained from the sire variance component, were . 03, . 05, and . 03 for days to first service, days open, and number of services per conception, respectively. Repeatability estimates, obtained from the sire and cow within sire variance components were . 08, . 10, and . 07 for days to first service, days open, and number of services per conception, respectively.
Incentive Redesign and Collaboration in Organizations: Evidence from a Natural Experiment

Separating the individual from the social effects of incentives has been challenging, because of the possibility of synergies in team production. We observe a unique natural experiment in a South Korean e-commerce company, in which a switch from pay-for-performance to fixed (but different) salaries took place in a staggered and effectively random manner across employees. In this case, social and individual effects perspectives make opposing predictions, enabling a critical test. We find evidence consistent with social effects of incentives, particularly as predicted by goal framing theory. The results have implications for the design of incentives to foster collaboration, organizational learning, and organizational performance.
Effect of Game Logic in the Private Enterprise Competition Strategy

This paper applies the method of game logic, to private enterprise’s competition strategy for the analysis of several points, the object of competition and cooperation, first of all players that private enterprises; followed by the use of optimal strategy of private enterprises by the game logic virtual model and dynamic game process, enterprise advantage; and from the perspective of game theory how to enhance the credibility of enterprises, using matrix method is necessary to the national macroeconomic regulation and control of the private enterprises are discussed.
Ratios in Proportion: What Should the Shape of the Package Be?

Consumers’ reactions to rectangles have implications for package and product design. In two lab studies and an analysis of field data, the authors find that the ratio of the sides of a rectangular product or package can influence purchase intentions and preferences and is related to marketplace demand. In more exploratory inquiries, the authors also find that the impact of this ratio on consumers depends on the relative seriousness of the context in which the product is used. Furthermore, ratio can also affect product perceptions, and consumers appear to prefer a range of contiguous ratios for different contexts rather than a particular ratio.
Blood transfusions in children with cancer and hematologic disorders: Why, when, and how?

We take many things for granted in medicine, among them blood transfusions. Little more than half a century ago there were no blood banks or means to fractionate blood into its components. Transfusions were given infrequently and haphazardly by directly connecting, through a surgical cutdown, a donor vein to a recipient. One could then only hope for the best! (Fig. 1). The subsequent identification of the Rh factor, the development of blood banks, the ability to separate whole blood into components, and the discipline of transfusion medicine, all had their genesis during World War II or shortly thereafter. Soon it actually became possible for physicians to ‘‘order’’ a blood transfusion. Blood transfusions represent one of the many supportive care advances in hematology–oncology that have permitted us to cure more children and to enhance their comfort [1]. These improvements in transfusion science have paralleled development of better antibiotics, analgesics, venous access devices, anti-emetics, and hematologic growth factors.
Effect of chloride ion concentration, spraying time and pH values on corrosion behavior of friction stir welded AZ61A magnesium alloy welds in salt fog environments

The present research devoted to the investigation of the corrosion behavior of AZ61A FSW welds in accelerated conditions, including the influence of salt fog environmental parameters such as chloride ion concentration, pH, and duration of exposure. Significant numbers of tests were carried out that make possible to create the regression model (empirical equation) of influence of selected environmental parameters on corrosion rate. The corrosion products were analyzed by SEM and XRD analysis. This research demonstrates the effect of chloride ion concentrations, spraying time and pH values on corrosion rate, and it show the corrosion activity decelerates with the increasing pH value and spraying time respectively. It was found that the increase in chloride ion concentration accelerates the corrosion of AZ61A weldments. The corrosion morphology was predominantly influenced by the distribution of β-phase (e.g. Mg17Al12 intermetallic).
Interaction of Vitamin D and Retinoid Receptors on Regulation of Gene Expression

Vitamin D and retinoic acid (RA) receptors (VDRs and RARs, respectively), bind as heterodimers with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) to hormone response elements (HREs) in target genes. In some cases RA and vitamin D can cooperate to stimulate transcription through the same HRE. However, VDR/RXR heterodimers bind in a transcriptionally unproductive manner and without a defined polarity on certain RA response elements, and under these circumstances vitamin D inhibits the response to RA. Although competition for binding to DNA may contribute to this inhibitory response, titration of common coactivators by VDR also appears to be involved in transrepression. Therefore, the transcriptional response to RA and vitamin D depends on a complex combinatory pattern of interaction among different receptors wih DNA and coactivators.
Engineering of Contact Resistance between Transparent Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Films and a‐Si:H Single Junction Solar Cells by Gold Nanodots

The viability of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as a transparent conducting electrode on a-Si:H based single junction solar cells was explored. A Schottky barrier formed at a SWCNT/a-Si:H interface was removed by introducing high work function gold nanodots at the SWCNT/a-Si:H interface. This allows comparable device performance from SWCNT-electrode-based a-Si:H solar cells to that obtained by using conventional transparent conducting oxides.
Social Trust, Safety and the Choice of Tourist Destination

Does social trust influence safety and touristsi¯ destination choice? Our claim is that the roots of safety may take two forms: either formal institutions or informal institutions. Formal institutions concern how society can build up control mechanisms through the legal system, police authority and military. The problem is that high visibility of police and military in public spaces may give the tourist the impression of an unsafe and insecure destination. Instead, social trust through self-enforcements of social norms for behaviour may be important because the informal institutions guarantee the safety of tourists (and locals) without signalling a problem with safety. Building social trust may further enhance the feeling of safety and thereby attract even more tourists. Thus, our trust-safety theory may guide the active use of social trust by tourist officials and policy makers.
Analyzing Program Dependencies in Java EE Applications

Program dependency artifacts such as call graphs help support a number of software engineering tasks such as software mining, program understanding, debugging, feature location, software maintenance and evolution. Java Enterprise Edition (JEE) applications represent a significant part of the recent legacy applications, and we are interested in modernizing them. This modernization involves, among other things, analyzing dependencies between their various components/tiers. JEE applications tend to be multilanguage, rely on JEE container services, and make extensive use of late binding techniques-all of which makes finding such dependencies difficult. In this paper, we describe some of these difficulties and how we addressed them to build a dependency call graph. We developed our tool called DeJEE (Dependencies in JEE) as an Eclipse plug-in. We applied DeJEE on two open-source JEE applications: Java PetStore and JSP Blog. The results show that DeJEE is able to identify different types of JEE dependencies.
A Novel Optimal Routing for Navigation Systems/Services Based on Global Navigation Satellite System Quality of Service

The positioning quality of global navigation satellite system (GNSS), or GNSS quality of service (QoS), is a major factor impacting real-time navigation performance. Commonly requested routes (i.e., shortest or fastest) may include areas with poor GNSS QoS, which can subsequently degrade navigation performance. To provide alternative routes with high or acceptable GNSS QoS along a route, a novel optimal routing for navigation systems/services based on GNSS QoS by utilizing integrated GNSS (iGNSS) QoS prediction is presented in this article. New routing criteria based on GNSS QoS are maximum availability, maximum accuracy, maximum continuity, and maximum reliability. Two experiments were conducted to compare GNSS QoS-based routes against shortest routes. In one experiment, routes were simulated, and in another, generated routes based on GNSS QoS were evaluated against GPS-based trajectories as ground truths. The results show that GNSS QoS-based routes provide routes with higher QoS, more than 50%, and longer, about 50%, than shortest routes.
Throttling DDoS Attacks

Distributed Denial of Service poses a significant threat to the Internet today. In these attacks, an attacker runs a malicious process in compromised systems under his control and generates enormous number of requests, which in turn can easily exhaust the computing resources of a victim web server within a short period of time. Many mechanisms have been proposed till date to combat this attack. In this paper we propose a new solution to reduce the impact of a distributed denial of service attack on a web server by throttling the client’s CPU. The concept of source throttling is used to make the client pay a resource stamp fee, which is negligible when the client is making a limited number of requests but becomes a limiting restr iction when he is making a large number of requests. The proposed solution makes use of the integer factorization problem to generate the CPU stamps. We have packaged our solution as an API so that existing web applications can easily deploy our solution in a layer that is transparent to the underlying application. Conference: SECRYPT 2009 – International Conference on Security and Cryptography. Place/Date: Milan, Italy; 7 – 10 July 2009. Book Title: Proceedings of SECRYPT 2009 – International Conference on Security and Cryptography.