Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonparametric linkage analysis of alcohol dependence with chromosome 1 and 7 markers

We analyzed 105 multiplex families from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) for markers on chromosome 1 (n = 20) and chromosome 7 (n = 19) with the GENEHUNTER program. On chromosome 1, three markers (D1S532, D1S1588, and D1S534) in single‐point analysis and five markers in multipoint analysis (D1S532, D1S1588, D1S1675, D1S534, and D1S1595) showed a nonparametric linkage (NPL) p‐value < 0.05. They mapped in two different but nearby regions, spanning, respectively, 18 cM (D1S532, D1S1588) and 19 cM (D1S1675, D1S534, and D1S1595) and separated by a 20‐cM interval. The highest NPL score was obtained for D1S534 (NPL = 2.26, p = 0.013 for single‐point analysis and NPL = 2.81, p = 0.0029, for multipoint analysis). The maximum NPL score on chromosome 7 was observed for D7S1793 (NPL = 1.72, p = 0.044 for single‐point analysis and NPL = 2.02, p = 0.023 for multipoint analysis). The markers which showed NPL p‐values < 0.05 on chromosome 1 (D1S532, D1S1588, D1S1675, D1S534, and D1S1595) and on chromosome 7 (D7S1793) were analyzed for association using the transmission/disequilibrium test. None of the alleles at these six loci showed a distorted transmission pattern. These data indicate that the two loci “suggestively” linked to alcohol dependence are either in linkage equilibrium with a susceptibility locus or are too far from the susceptibility locus to show disequilibrium, if present.
Slow Elimination of Urethan in Relation to its High Garcinogenicity in Newborn Mice.∗

Summary Urethan was found to be eliminated from newborn SWR mice at about one-tenth of the rate found in adults, when injected at a dose of 0.5 mg/g body weight. The longer time during which urethan remains in the body may explain the greater carcinogenic action in newborn mice as compared with adults.
Binding of bilirubin by bovine and human alpha-fetoprotein.

alpha-Fetoprotein, a fetal protein associated with certain tumors, was found to bind bilirubin. Addition of human or bovine alpha-fetoprotein to bilirubin solutions enhanced the light absorbance of bilirubin and shifted its maximum. Bovine alpha-fetoprotein caused a marked shift towards shorter wavelengths, while human alpha-fetoprotein gave a slight red shift. The spectral changes were used to study the characteristics of the binding of bilirubin by bovine alpha-fetoprotein. These studies indicated the presence of one binding site/molecule of alpha-fetoprotein with an association constant of about 1.1 . 10(6) M-1. A difference between the spectral changes brought about by alpha-fetoprotein and albumin allowed comparison of their relative affinities for bilirubin. The spectrum approximated the average between the spectra induced by the two proteins when the ratio of bovine alpha-fetoprotein to bovine albumin was 6.3 : 1, and of the human proteins 21 : 1, respectively. These results show that alpha-fetoprotein from two species binds bilirubin with an affinity somewhat lower than that of albumin. Binding of bilirubin by alpha-fetoprotein is in agreement with the recent demonstration of structural homology between alpha-fetoprotein and albumin. Whether alpha-fetoprotein plays a role in the metabolism of bilirubin or other degradation products of heme remains to be investigated.
Surgical treatment and adjuvant chemotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with advanced vascular involvement.

BACKGROUND/AIMS In advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with vascular involvement of major vessels, patients have a poor prognosis after surgical treatment. METHODOLOGY Patient outcomes after surgical resection and the usefulness of adjuvant chemotherapy were examined in 12 patients with major hepatic vessel involvement who underwent hepatectomy with combined resection of major blood vessels. RESULTS The main portal vein was resected in 8 patients, the inferior vena cava in 3, hilar bile duct in 2 and hepatic artery in 1. Eleven patients underwent hemihepatectomy and 1 underwent segment 4 and 5 resection. The portal branch was repaired by venoplasty. The vena cava wall was repaired by suture closure. The hepatic artery was replaced by end-to-end anastomosis. The bile duct was repaired by Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. Although 2 patients had biliary leakage, there were no postoperative complications in 10 patients. The tumor recurrence rate was 83% in the early period and cancer death within 1 year was observed in 6 (50%), while 3 with tumor recurrence survived for more than 2 years and 2 survived without recurrence. In 233 HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy, 10 patients including 2 present cases received adjuvant chemotherapy at the time of tumor recurrence and 2 had complete responses. While in 11 patients receiving chemotherapy without resection, the response rate using Gemcitabine (66%) was higher than that using low dose Cisplatin plus 5-Fluorouracil (22%). CONCLUSIONS Complete surgical resection combined with main vascular resection could be safely performed in most advanced stage HCC patients and adjuvant chemotherapy in the early period after resection would be necessary, which may achieve longer survival in some patients even in the advanced stage.
Studies of murine schistosomiasis reveal interleukin‐13 blockade as a treatment for established and progressive liver fibrosis

In several allergic, autoimmune, and infectious diseases, fibrosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Here, using a model of infection‐induced liver fibrosis, we show that interleukin (IL)‐13 is required at all stages of Schistosomiasis mansoni infection to induce fibrosis. IL‐4 production was preserved in IL‐13–deficient mice, yet failed to significantly contribute to the fibrotic response in either acute or chronic infection. Significant fibrosis develops in all infected mice, although the magnitude of the response varies widely in inbred mice. C3H/HeN, BALB/c, and C57BL/6 mice develop high, intermediate, and low levels of fibrosis, respectively. Despite these differences, IL‐13 antagonism resulted in a marked amelioration of fibrosis in all strains. The fibrotic mechanism in the high‐ and low‐responder strains was unrelated to their tissue eosinophil or mast cell responses, but did correlate with their patterns of IL‐13, IL‐10, and interferon gamma (IFN‐γ) mRNA expression. Indeed, severe fibrosis correlated with a high IL‐13 and low IFN‐γ/IL‐10 mRNA response. Because fibrotic diseases are typically progressive disorders, an important issue was to determine whether IL‐13 inactivation might be used to treat an established and ongoing fibrotic disease. Here, IL‐13 antagonism was highly efficacious, even after fibrosis and the Th2 cytokine response were firmly established. These studies demonstrate the central role played by IL‐13 in fibrogenesis and suggest that therapeutic approaches aimed at disrupting the IL‐13 pathway will be highly effective at preventing fibrotic disease caused by chronic Th2‐mediated inflammatory reactions.
Cdk1 is required for the self‐renewal of mouse embryonic stem cells

Cyclin‐dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) is indispensible for the early development of the embryo. However, its role in maintaining the undifferentiated state of the embryonic stem (ES) cells remains unknown. In this study, we dissected the function of Cdk1 in mouse ES cells by RNA‐interference and gene expression analyses. Cdk1 expression is tightly correlated with the undifferentiated state of the ES cells. Upon differentiation, Cdk1 expression reduced drastically. Cdk1 knock‐down by RNA interference resulted in the loss of proliferation and colony formation potential of the ES cells. Consequentially, expression of self‐renewal genes was reduced while differentiation markers such as Cdx2 were induced. Our results suggest a role for Cdk1 in maintaining the unique undifferentiated and self‐renewing state of the mouse ES cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 942–948, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electro-optic phase modulators based on transparent-conducting-oxide loaded silicon waveguides

Electro-optic phase modulation schemes are investigated by inducing carrier-concentration changes in transparent conducting oxide semiconductors, integrated in well-established silicon-photonic platforms. By exploiting the epsilon-near-zero effect, binary phase-shift keying modulation is manifested, resulting in high-speed modulation solutions of reduced footprint, compared to the conventional all-silicon designs.
Increased arterial desaturation in trained cyclists during maximal exercise at 580 m altitude.

This study utilized a hypobaric chamber to compare the effects of mild hypobaria (MH; 50 mmHg, approximately 580 m altitude) on blood O2 status and maximal O2 consumption (VO2max) in 9 untrained and 11 trained (T) cyclists with VO2max values of 51 +/- 3 and 77 +/- 1 ml.kg-1.min-1, respectively. In both groups, arterial O2 saturation (SaO2) decreased significantly during maximal exercise, and this effect was enhanced with MH. Both these responses were significantly greater in the T cyclists in whom the final SaO2 during MH was 86.5 +/- 0.9%. When the group data were combined, approximately 65% of the variance in SaO2 could be attributed to a widened alveolar-arterial Po2 difference. The arterial PO2 during maximal exercise at sea level in the T group was on the steeper portion of the hemoglobin-O2-loading curve (T, 68.3 +/- 1.3 Torr; untrained, 89.0 +/- 2.9 Torr) such that a similar decrease in arterial PO2 in the two groups in response to MH resulted in a significantly greater fall in both SaO2 and calculated O2 content in the T group. As a consequence, the VO2max fell significantly only in the T group (mean change, -6.8 +/- 1.5%; range, + 1.2 to - 12.3%), with approximately 70% of this decrease being due to a fall in O2 content. This is the lowest altitude reported to decrease VO2max, suggesting that T athletes are more susceptible to a fall in inspired PO2.
Phantastica: a gene required for dorsoventrality of leaves in Antirrhinum majus

To understand better the mechanisms that lead to dorsoventrality in the lateral organs of plants, mutants at the phantastica (phan) locus of Antirrhinum majus have been identified and characterised. The leaves, bracts and petal lobes of phan mutants show varying degrees of reduction in dorsal tissues, indicating that phan is required for establishing dorsal cell identity. Each phan mutant produces a variety of different leaf morphologies, but has a characteristic and relatively constant floral phenotype. In several different forms of phan mutant leaves and petal lobes, novel boundaries between dorsal and ventral cell types form ectopic axes of growth, suggesting that phandependent dorsal cell identity is required for lateral growth of the wild-type leaf and petal lobe. Comparisons between the development of wild-type and mutant petals or leaves reveal that phan acts early in development of these lateral organs. The possible role of the phan gene in evolution of different leaf forms is discussed. SUMMARY
Del multibuscador al metabuscador: los agentes trazadores en Iternet

The information retrieval in the World Wide Web is one of the main challenges that confront the documentalists. The tools of first generation (search engines and indices) have not solved suitably the problems of noise and poor coverage of the results. The multisearchers, due to the low overlap between the great search engines, can help to solve these problems. The tools of second generation (client-side) have expanded the concept so that they are able to explore the hipertextual nature of the Web. The term "metasearchers" is coined to describe the programs able to identify through the network a series of pertinent documents according certain strategy and following links from previously defined websites or "seed sites". The characteristics and practical benefits of main products available are discussed.
Prevalence of stroke in the general population. The Rotterdam Study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We assessed the prevalence of self-reported and medically confirmed stroke and the degree to which the event had led to hospitalization. METHODS From all participants of the Rotterdam Study, a population-based cohort study of 7983 subjects aged 55 years and older living in a suburb of Ommoord in Rotterdam, information on stroke history was obtained by the question, "Did you ever suffer from a stroke, diagnosed by a physician? " Supplementary medical information was obtained from general practitioner or hospital discharge records. RESULTS Prevalence of self-reported stroke was 2.5% in men aged 55 to 64 years, 5.0% in men aged 65 to 74 years, 8.9% in men aged 75 to 84 years, and 11.6% in men aged 85 years or older. Corresponding figures for women were 1.6%, 3.3%, 6.7%, and 10.5%, respectively. Of the self-reported strokes, 67% could be confirmed by medical information. In 53% (95% confidence interval, 47% to 60%) of subjects with a confirmed stroke, the event had led to hospital admission. The proportion of hospitalized patients decreased with age. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides valid age- and sex-specific estimates of prevalence of stroke. A substantial proportion of patients with stroke is not hospitalized.
The ferric‐pseudobactin receptor PupA of Pseudomonas putida WCS358: homology to TonB‐dependent Escherichia coli receptors and specificity of the protein

The initial step in the uptake of iron via ferric pseudobactin by the plant‐growth‐promoting Pseudomonas putida strain WCS358 is binding to a specific outer‐membrane protein. The nucleotide sequence of the pupA structural gene, which codes for a ferric pseudobactin receptor, was determined. It contains a single open reading frame which potentially encodes a polypeptide of 819 amino acids, including a putative N‐terminal signal sequence of 47 amino acids. Significant homology, concentrated in four boxes, was found with the TonB‐dependent receptor proteins of Escherichia coli. The pupA mutant MH100 showed a residual efficiency of 30% in the uptake of 55HFe3+ complexed to pseudobactin 358, whereas the iron uptake of four other pseudobactins was not reduced at all. Cells of strain WCS374 supplemented with the pupA gene of strain WCS358 could transport ferric pseudobactin 358 but showed no affinity for three other pseudobactins. It is concluded that PupA is a specific receptor for ferric pseudobactin 358, and that strain WCS358 produces at least one other receptor for other pseudobactins.
Modelado y propagación de valores de sentimiento en relaciones de usuario

A method of modeling personal relationships is proposed grounded on two main aspects, the subjective relevance and emotional component of the user, and the objective categorization of their relationships. This model is built as a connected graph with its principal node depicting the complete sum of all of the emotional components surrounded by paradigm and discovered relationships joined to this according to their level of relevance. As a compliment, a way to spread the sentimental component through the model by back-propagation method is described. Finally, some properties of the model are shown, as well as obtained results and possible usages of this.
Semi-local Features for the Classification of Segmented Objects

Image features are usually extracted globally from whole images or locally from regions-of-interest. We propose different approaches to extract semi-local features from segmented objects in the context of object detection. The focus lies on the transformation of arbitrarily shaped object segments to image regions that are suitable for the extraction of features like SIFT, Gabor wavelets, and MPEG-7 color features. In this region transformation step, decisions arise about the used region boundary size and about modifications of the object and its background. Amongst others, we compare uniformly colored, blurred and randomly sampled backgrounds versus simple bounding boxes without object-background modifications. An extensive evaluation on the Pascal VOC 2010 segmentation dataset indicates that semi-local features are suitable for this task and that a significant difference exists between different feature extraction methods.
Cytosolic Degradation of T-cell Receptor α Chains by the Proteasome*

The T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) is an hetero-oligomeric membrane complex composed of at least seven transmembrane polypeptide chains that has served as a model for the assembly and degradation of integral membrane proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Unassembled TCRα chains fail to mature to the Golgi apparatus and are rapidly degraded by a non-lysosomal “ER degradation” pathway that has been proposed to be autonomous to the ER. In these studies we show that the degradation of core-glycosylated TCRα is blocked byN-acetyl-l-leucyl-l-leucyl-l-norleucinal (ALLN) and lactacystin, implicating the proteasome in ER degradation. Either acute or chronic treatment of TCRα-transfected cells with proteasome inhibitors cause the core-glycosylated TCRα chains to progressively shift to an ∼28-kDa form that lacksN-linked oligosaccharides and the N-terminal signal peptide. The susceptibility of this 28-kDa species to extravesicular protease indicates that it is not protected by the ER membrane and, hence, cytoplasmic. These data suggest a model in which TCRα chains that are translocated across the membrane, core-glycosylated, but fail to assemble are dislocated back to the cytoplasm for degradation by cytoplasmic proteasomes. Our data also suggest that covalent modification of TCRα with ubiquitin is not required for its degradation.
Early Pest Detection in Tomato Plantation using Image Processing

in India is aimed towards increase of productivity and food quality at reduced expenditure and with increased profit. The damages of crops caused by various diseases are increasing rapidly. In India, Tomato is one of the largely produced crops which come third in the production and is being used on a frequent basis by the people in their daily food consumption. Borer is the insect which affects the tomato in early stages. So, proper measures need to be taken at early stages to fight against them while minimizing the use of pesticides. The major challenge in agriculture field is early pest detection. In the proposed system, an attempt has been made to develop software for pest detection on the infected tomato. In our project, we capture the image of tomatoes and give it as an input. The input image goes through several stages to detect the number of borers, so that minimum amount of pesticides can be used. Keywordspest detection, image processing, feature extraction, tomato, borer
Integrated Analysis of Established and Novel Microbial and Chemical Methods for Microbial Source Tracking

ABSTRACT Several microbes and chemicals have been considered as potential tracers to identify fecal sources in the environment. However, to date, no one approach has been shown to accurately identify the origins of fecal pollution in aquatic environments. In this multilaboratory study, different microbial and chemical indicators were analyzed in order to distinguish human fecal sources from nonhuman fecal sources using wastewaters and slurries from diverse geographical areas within Europe. Twenty-six parameters, which were later combined to form derived variables for statistical analyses, were obtained by performing methods that were achievable in all the participant laboratories: enumeration of fecal coliform bacteria, enterococci, clostridia, somatic coliphages, F-specific RNA phages, bacteriophages infecting Bacteroides fragilis RYC2056 and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron GA17, and total and sorbitol-fermenting bifidobacteria; genotyping of F-specific RNA phages; biochemical phenotyping of fecal coliform bacteria and enterococci using miniaturized tests; specific detection of Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium dentium; and measurement of four fecal sterols. A number of potentially useful source indicators were detected (bacteriophages infecting B. thetaiotaomicron, certain genotypes of F-specific bacteriophages, sorbitol-fermenting bifidobacteria, 24-ethylcoprostanol, and epycoprostanol), although no one source identifier alone provided 100% correct classification of the fecal source. Subsequently, 38 variables (both single and derived) were defined from the measured microbial and chemical parameters in order to find the best subset of variables to develop predictive models using the lowest possible number of measured parameters. To this end, several statistical or machine learning methods were evaluated and provided two successful predictive models based on just two variables, giving 100% correct classification: the ratio of the densities of somatic coliphages and phages infecting Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron to the density of somatic coliphages and the ratio of the densities of fecal coliform bacteria and phages infecting Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron to the density of fecal coliform bacteria. Other models with high rates of correct classification were developed, but in these cases, higher numbers of variables were required.
In Vitro Antiproliferative Effects and Mechanism of Action of the New Triazole Derivative UR-9825 against the Protozoan Parasite Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum)cruzi

ABSTRACT We describe the in vitro antiproliferative effects of the new triazole derivative UR-9825 against the protozoan parasiteTrypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas' disease in Latin America. The compound was found to be extremely active against the cultured (epimastigote) form of the parasite, equivalent to that present in the reduviid vector, with a MIC of 30 nM, a concentration 33-fold lower than that required with the reference compound ketoconazole. At that MIC, growth arrest coincided with depletion of the parasite's 4,14-desmethyl endogenous sterols (ergosterol, 24-ethylcholesta-5,7,22-trien-3b-ol, and precursors) and their replacement by methylated sterols (lanosterol, 24-methylenedihydrolanosterol, and obtusifoliol), as revealed by high-resolution gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. This indicated that the primary mechanism of action of UR-9825 was inhibition of the parasite's sterol C14α demethylase, as seen with other azole derivatives. The phospholipid composition of growth-arrested epimastigotes was also altered, when compared to controls, with a significant increase in the content of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine and a concomitant reduction of the content of phosphatidylcholine. The clinically relevant intracellular amastigote form, grown in cultured Vero cells at 37°C, was even more sensitive to UR-9825, with a MIC of 10 nM, comparable to that for ketoconazole. The results showed that UR-9825 is among the most potent azole derivatives tested against this parasite and support in vivo studies with this compound.
Andrew Martin 用设计吸引目光

您好,先请您做一下自我介绍。 Martin Waller:我叫马丁·沃勒,Andrew Martin的管理总监。 我们的工作是为家居设计提供全面的服务,已经在全球52个国家开拓了自己的市场。 Andrew Martin是我在1978年创立的。 我读的专业并不是设计,除了在工作中获得的经验,我从来没有接受过任何有关设计的训练。