Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improved vector control for VSC-HVDC connected to weak AC grids

When voltage source converter (VSC) based high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission is connected to weak grids, the standard vector control of VSC can not ensure stability of the system with high power demand. This paper analyzed the steady state power flow characteristics of a weak grid connected VSC system. The characteristics of typical vector control was studied and validated through pole map analysis based on the small signal model of the VSC system. The mechanism of the instability of the VSC system with high power demand was explained. An improved outer loop with a feed forward branch was proposed to improve the transient reactive power response speed and increase the stability of the VSC system in front of high power demand. The proposed scheme was verified by pole map analysis and time-domain simulation results.
Gross and Histopathological Signs of the Spotting Disease in the Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius

Histopathological and scanning electron microscopic observations were performed in the lesional tissues of the test and appendages of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius affected by "spot ting disease. " Spotting lesions with blackish red color on the test surface, separation of spines and attachment failure of tube feet are typical external signs. The epidermal lesions of the test and append ages is disorganized and infiltrated by migrating coelomic red spherule cells (eleocytes) and brown granules. Muscle fibers in the spine base, tube feet and ampullae are fragmented. These pathological signs are very similar to those of the bald-sea-urchin disease in S. purpuratus and S. droebachiensis. In vasions of the ameba Paramoeba invadens that was identified as a pathogen of the bald-sea-urchin dis ease, were not found in the diseased S. intermedius. However, seriously damaged epidermis, dermis and connective tissue were invaded by bacteria, one of which was a filiform bacillus. The results suggest that the spotting disease of S. intermedius would associate with a bacterial infection.
The Impact of the Annual Financial Statements on the Equity Share Prices and the Application of the Shiller’s P/E 10 Ratio

In this research paper the CAPM model is used to find out the expected return from the equity shares based on the financial factors of the company. This expected return is then compared with the actual returns of the investor to establish the abnormal returns. The deviations are analysed using the Paired Samples T-Test to come to a conclusion whether the annual financial statements release have an impact on the stock prices of the companies. In addition to the impact of the annual financial statement update, this research paper also studies whether the equity share prices reflect the Basic EPS of the company by using the Shiller’s P/E 10 Ratio or the Cyclically Adjusted Price Earnings ratio over the study period of 5 years.
Characterisation of the enzymes involved in methanol dissimilation in Bacillus methanolicus : assessment of enzyme-based biohydrogen production for a cell-free biofuel cell

Chapter 1Introduction 1.1 “The Stone Age didn’t end for the lack of stones” 1.1.1 General considerations 1.1.2 Climate change 1.1.3 (Geo-)Political aspects 1.2 Hydrogen as a fuel – Biohydrogen 1.2.1 Conventional hydrogen production 1.2.2 Biohydrogen 1.3 Methylotrophs and methanol metabolism 1.3. 1 Methylotrophic microorganisms 1.3. 2 Methanol 1.3. 3 Oxidation of the C1 compound (methanol) to formaldehyde 1.3. 4 Formaldehyde oxidation 1.3. 5 Formate dehydrogenase 1.4 Bacillus methanolicus and methanol metabolism 1.4. 1 Bacillus methanolicus 1.4. 2 Methanol metabolism in Bacillus methanolicus 1.5 Aims of the project Chapter 2General Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.1.1 General laboratory reagents 2.1.2 Specific materials 2.2 Methods 2.2.1 Bacterial strains, media and growth conditions 2.2.2 Cloning of a gene of interest into E. coli i
Culture, Technology, and Tourism (CTT) Theory:An Ontological Perspective

Culture, Technology, Tourism, Theory. Author argues that Culture, Technology, and Tourism (CTT) is an integrated mult idisciplinary. Therefore, author explores dimensionality of CTT Theory from various perspective. The results are: 1) local wisdom is the essence of the authenticity of cultural heritage; 2) local community as the actor should has the role to protect environment in order to ensure sustainability of touris m; 3) mult istakeholder network should be managed as a pattern of complexity that characteristic of an integrated mult idisciplinary; 4) creative economy and sociopreneurship as the enabler and driver of tourism entrepreneurship to ensure sustainability of touris m; 5) s mart touris m that leverage the technology should be constructed through destination management in order to ensure sustainability of touris m and the authenticity of tourism; and 6) body-mind and hedonic-eudaimonic should be integrated to manage tourist’s well-being. Refer to general system theory, author explains a CTT theory through relationship between those six results of dimensionality through input, process, output, and outcome relat ion.
Light sensing in plants

Prologue. - History and Insights. - Phytochrome. - Phytochrome Overview. - Evolutionary Selection of Phytochrome Chromophores. - Tertiary and Quaternary Structures of Phytochrome A. - Interactions of the Arabidopsis Type II Phytochromes. - A Structure-Function Model Based on Inter-Domain Crosstalks in Phytochromes. - Functions of Different Domains of Phytochrome. - Light Regulation of Intracellular Localization of Phytochrome B. - Photoregulation of Cytoplasmic Motility. - Polymorphism of Phytochrome A and Its Functional Implications. - Phytochromes and Functions: Studies Using Gene Targeting in Physcomitrella. - Distinct Functions of Phytochromes on the Photomorphogenesis in Rice. - Cryptochrome. - Cryptochrome Overview. - Early Events Triggered by Light Activation of the Arabidopsis CRY1 Blue-Light Photoreceptor. - Phototropin. - Phototropin Overview. - Proton Transfer Reactions in LOV-Domain Photochemistry. - Vibrational Spectroscopy Explores the Photoreaction of LOV Domains. - LOV Domain-Containing Proteins in Arabidopsis. - Phototropin Phosphorylation. - NPH3 and RPT2: Signal Transducers in Phototropin Signaling Pathways. - Molecular Mechanism of Blue Light Response in Stomatal Guard Cells. - Chloroplast Photorelocation Movement. - Other Photoreceptors. - Structural Dynamics of the Signal Termination Process in Rhodopsin. - Participation of Internal Water Molecules and Clusters in the Unidirectional Light-Induced Proton Transfer in Bacteriorhodopsin. - Phototaxis Photoreceptor in Euglena gracilis. - A Flavin Mononucleotide-Binding Aquaporin in the Plant Plasma Membrane: A Candidate for Photoreceptor? - Green Light Effects on Plant Growth and Development. - Photoreceptors in Avian Magnetoreception. - Signal Transduction. - Light Control of Plant Development: A Role of the Ubiquitin/Proteasome-Mediated Proteolysis. - Phytochrome and COP1 Regulates Abundance of Phytochrome Interacting Factor 3. - Roles Played by Auxin in Phototropism and Photomorphogenesis. - The Effect of Light and Gravity on Hypocotyl Growth Orientation. - Convergence of Phytochrome and Cryptochrome Signalling. - Downstream Integrators of Red, Far-Red, and Blue Light Signaling for Photomorphogenesis. - Signal Transduction Pathways Regulating Chromatic Adaptation. - Components of Light-Induced Signal Transduction in Cyanobacteria. - Light Signal Transduction Coupled with Reactive Oxygen Species in Neurospora crassa. - Photoperiodism and Circadian Rhythm. - Light Regulation of Flowering Time in Arabidopsis. - Comparative Molecular Biology in Photoperiodic Flowering Between the Short-Day Plant Rice and the Long-Day Plant Arabidopsis. - The Photoperiodic Control of Flowering in Rice, a Short-Day Plant. - ZEITLUPE and the Control of Circadian Timing. - Epilogue. - Epilogue: Eighteen Years of Progress in Photomorphogenesis.
U-shaped Gene Induced by Ecdysone Signal Pathway in Drosophila

The Drosophila U-shaped (ush) gene play important role in hemocyte differentiation. However, the mechanism of how the ush gene is mediated is still unclear. In this study, we reveals that ush gene expression increased during molting and metamorphosis stage of the third instar larva, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) treatment can up regulate ush expression, the silence of USP1 and EcR-A led to a reduced transcript level of ush gene in S2 cells. Those results indicated that the ecdysone signaling transduction pathway can mediate ush expression through its receptor.
Desenvolvimento de um biossensor amperometrico para oxalato

Nesta dissertacao empregou-se duas matrizes inorgânicas: silica gel modificada com oxido de titânio (ST) e fosfato de zirconio (FZ), sobre as quais foram imobilizados dois mediadores, o azul de metileno (AM) e o azul de toluidina (AT). Estes materiais deram origem a quatro eletrodos do tipo pasta de carbono, que foram caracterizados quanto a resposta em diferentes eletrolitos, pH e estabilidade. Os eletrodos mostraram comportamento diferentes nos eletrolitos suporte estudados. Ambas matrizes revelaram caracter acido, deslocando o potencial medio para valores mais positivos, cerca de 250 mV para STAT, 300 mV STAM, 550 mV FZAT e FZAM a pH 7. Alem disso, o potencial medio desses corantes manteve-se independente do pH do meio, ao contrario do observado para os mediadores em solucao. Esse efeito foi menos pronunciado para a matriz ST, visto que com ambos mediadores, o potencial nao se mantem constante abaixo de pH 4. Os eletrodos estudados foram estaveis quanto a ciclagem consecutiva. Objetivando a determinacao de oxalato utilizou-se o eletrodo com AT adsorvido sobre a matriz ST e duas enzimas a oxalato oxidase, que catalisa a oxidacao do oxalato a CO2 e H2O2, e a Horseradish peroxidase que reduz o peroxido a agua, amplificando o sinal. O biossensor apresentou melhor resposta em tampao succinato/KCI pH 3,8, aplicando-se um potencial de -100 mV vs ECS. A curva analitica obtida nestas condicoes apresentou uma faixa de resposta linear de 0,1 a 2 mmol L, cuja equacao ajustada para esse intervalo com n=20, foi i=0,33(0,04)+2,29(0,04)[oxalato], r= 0,9978, sendo i em mA e [oxalato] em mmol L . O biossensor foi estocado em geladeira apresentando um tempo de vida util de quatro dias. Na aplicacao em amostras de espinafre obteve-se uma diferenca de 7 a 13% em relacao ao metodo da AOAC, no entanto o biossensor desenvolvido apresenta como grande vantagem a diminuicao em 3 dias do tempo de analise sem geracao de residuos quimicos. Abstract
Über neue und seltene Asplenien Europas

Zusammenfassung 1 . Das verschollene Asplenium newmani Bolle der Kanarischen Inseln ist nach dem Originalexemplar im Berliner Herbar ein Bastard zwischen Arten der Gattungen Asplenium und Ceterach: × Asplenoceterach newmani (Bolle) D. E. Meyer. 2 . Der tetraploide Bastard Asplenium × brissaginense D. E. Meyer (= A. foresiense × A. adiantum-nigrum) enthalt je ein Genom der vier diploiden Arten Asplenium fontanum, A. obovatum, A. onopteris und A. cuneifolium. 3 . Asplenium ×mendelianum D. E. Meyer ist diploid, 2n = 72, und entsteht aus der Kreuzung A. trichomanes L. subspec. trichomanes (2n = 72) × A. viride (2n = 72). Dieser lange gesuchte, sterile Artbastard wurde im Zillertal durch Dr. med. K. Rasbach entdeckt. Die tetraploide, fertile Bastardart A. adulterinum Milde entstand aus dieser Kreuzungskombination durch Chromosomenverdoppelung, da A. × mendelianum zahlreiche charakteristische Merkmale zeigt, die nur dieser diploide Artbastard und das tetraploide A. adulterinum gemeinsam besitzen. Bereits Gregor Mendel hatte sich mit A. adulterinum befast. Asplenium × adulteriniforme Lovis, Melzer et Reichstein ist der Bastard A. trichomanes L. subspec. inexpectans Lovis (2n = 72) × A. viride (2n = 72). 4 . Der Bastard A. adulterinum × A. cuneifolium wurde von Dr. A. Becherer gefunden: A. × bechereri D. E. Meyer. Von dem A. × woynarianum (A. cuneifolium × A. viride) unterscheidet er sich durch Merkmale, die dem A. trichomanes zuneigen. Die gering gegliederte Wedelspitze der A. cuneifolium-Bastarde unterscheidet sich von der regelmasig geschnittenen Wedelspitze des A. adiantum-nigrum-Bastards A. × dolosum. — A. trichomanes ist zufolge der Grose der Sporen auf Serpentin im Kanton Tessin diploid. 5 . Der Bastard A. adiantum-nigrum × A. cuneifolium wurde im Kanton Tessin auf Serpentin nachgewiesen: A. × centovallense D. E. Meyer. Zusammen mit dem Bastard A. × ticinense (= A. adiantum-nigrum × A. onopteris) sowie dem Bastard A. × brissaginense dient er der Aufklarung des allopolyploiden Ursprungs des Asplenium adiantum-nigrum.
AKTIVITAS INHIBITOR TIROSINASERUMPUT LAUT Halimeda Spp DARI PESISIR ACEH BARAT

Seaweeds have been utilized by local community as foodstuff, cosmeceutical, traditional drug and others. There are three major groups of seaweeds namely brown algae (Phaeophyta), red (Rhodophyta) and green (Chlorophyta). Halimeda sppis one of green algae which sufficiently dominant at the coastal of WestAceh. Seaweed contains bioactive compound which can serve as a defense from ultraviolet radiation that caused hyperpigmentation effect. The purpose of this study is to analyse the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of Halimeda sppextract from WestAceh. The results shown that the methanol extract of Halimeda spppossess phytochemical properties such as ekstrak Halimeda spp mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, phenol, tannin and steroid. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of Halimeda sppmethanol extract is the best extract which can be inhibit monophenolase with IC50 : 57300,660µg/ml and IC50 = 3981685,489µg/ml in diphenolase pathway with kojic acid as positive control. Moreover,etyl acetateand n-hexane extract have no activity of tyrosinaseinhibitor. Therefore, new finding of tyrosinase inhibitor agent from green algae Halimeda sppgive the fruitfull information forcosmeceutical industry. Halimeda sppparts could be complementaryeach other in providing the raw material of cosmetic product.
Green algae populations changes in fish ponds

In both studied ponds big green algae species diversity was noted. Dominant species analysis of the green algae density revealed that similar biomass was found in the DuŜy and Maly Ponds, with the dominant taxa alternating between Pediastrum and Scenedesmus/Desmodesmus populations. Cosmarium regnellii, C. abbreviatum, Lagerheimia ciliata were observed during July and August, while Monoraphidium arcuatum, M. griffithii, M. irregularis, M. komarkove and M. tortile increased in abundance during September. Chlamydomonas globosa, Crucigenia tetrapedia, Desmodesmus communis, Oocytis lacustris, Tetraedron minimum and T. triangulare populations were of the same abundance from July to September.
Age-related changes in subjective cognitive functioning

The main focus of this study was to examine age-related changes in self-evaluation of cognitive functioning in the domains of memory, attention, mental speed, planning, and decision making. Almost 2,000 persons in the age range 24 to 86 years rated their present cognitive functioning relative to three different reference points: compared to their age-mates, to their level 5 to 10 years ago, and to their level when they were 25 years. An age-stratified group of 420 participants also completed a series of cognitive tests. Age-related decline in subjective cognitive functioning started at the age of 50 and steadily increased afterward. This decline was not restricted to memory, but also involved changes in attention, mental speed, planning and decision making. When participants compared their present cognitive functioning with that of their own age-group, no age effects were found. Subjective health and depression were both related to subjective decline in cognitive functioning. No relation was found between.
Analysis of protoplasts and somatic embryogenesis in Medicago truncatula

This thesis examined protoplast proliferation and somatic embryogenesis, by comparing a highly with a poorly embryogenic Medicago truncatula line through microscopic, proteomic and in situ hybridization analysis. Proteome analysis of M. truncatula was used to identify proteins involved in protoplast proliferation and the initiation of somatic embryogenesis. Furthermore, an in situ hybridization study was done to compare the expression of genes known to be involved in zygotic embryogenesis with the expression during somatic embryogenesis. A large number of proteins were up-, and down-regulated during the first 5 days of protoplast culture indicating that cellular reorganization took place. An up-regUlation of PR 1 O-like proteins and flavonoid synthesis proteins and a down-regulation of energy metabolism proteins were observed, indicating an initiation of a stress response. The observed stress response in protoplasts was down-regulated before the first cell divisions at 5-7 d. A stress-inducing bioassay on protoplasts showed that the ability of protoplasts to overcome stress and to proliferate under stress conditions depended on the level of stress and density of the protoplast culture, whereby more stress or a lower culture density resulted in higher levels of cell death. Proteomic analysis of the initiation of somatic embryogenesis showed that similar metabolic pathways were involved in the initiation of somatic embryogenesis and protoplast proliferation. By using a highly embryogenic (2HA) line, and a poorly embryogenic (A 17) line of M. truncatu! a, it was shown that particular proteins were specifically accumulated during the initiation of somatic embryogenesis. A high accumulation of a peroxidase was observed only in At7 tissue at the time of initiation of somatic embryogenesis and might be the reason why the initiation of somatic embryogenesis is inhibited in A 17 tissue. The specific accumulation of flavonoid synthesis proteins might also indicate that flavonoids are involved during the initiation of somatic embryogenesis. In situ hybridization with probes to genes known to be involved in zygotic embryogenesis, showed that M. truncatula somatic and Arabidopsis thaliana zygotic embryogenesis both followed similar developmental pathways. However, a few genes showed distinct patterns of gene expression in M. truncatula somatic embryos.
Comparison of associative effects models for genetic analysis of disease data

Infectivity is the propensity of transmitting infection upon contact with a susceptible individual. It is an important parameter in determining the impact and severity of an epidemic but can be difficult to measure directly. The associative effects model proposed for body weight (1) (MUIR 2005) allows the capture of variation in infectivity as an associative effect, as well as variation in susceptibility as a direct effect, from binary disease data. However, it does not encompass the dynamic nature of disease data. Here we compare the impact and accuracy of this model (1) with a model expanded to include disease status (2) and another to include time period of infection (3). To compare these models we generated binary disease data reflecting whether an individual became infected or not in simulated epidemics in populations with known amounts of variation in susceptibility and infectivity. Model evaluation was based on comparison between estimated and true breeding values (EBV and TrBV).
DIMETHOATE INDUCED-HISTOPATHOLOGICAL, HISTOCHEMICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN TESTES OF ALBINO RATS -

Organophosphorus compounds are widely used in industry, agriculture and for public health purposes. They are among the toxic compounds employed for insect control. The purpose of this work was to study histological, histochemical, as well as immunohistochemical changes that might occur in the testes of male Wistar rats because of chronic dimethoate intoxication. Treating rats with dimethoate (20 mg/kg) body weight daily for 15 and 30 days caused a decrease in number of germ cells, irregularity in of seminiferous tubules, loss of sperms, degeneration of interstitial cells and congestion of blood vessels. Moreover, reductions in total polysaccharides and in total proteins content were detected. Immunohistochemical results showed an increase in the expression of proapoptotic protein (Bax) and antiapoptotic protein (Bcl2). The results of this study confirmed that dimethoate seriously deteriorates the testes resulting in a decrease in fertility.
Transcriptional analysis of Trichoderma reesei under conditions inducing cellulase and hemicellulase production, and identification of factors influencing protein production

Background: Trichoderma reesei is a soft rot Ascomycota fungus utilised for industrial production of secreted enzymes, especially lignocellulose degrading enzymes. About 30 carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) of T. reesei have been biochemically characterised. Genome sequencing has revealed a large number of novel candidates for CAZymes, thus increasing the potential for identification of enzymes with novel activities and properties. Plenty of data exists on the carbon source dependent regulation of the characterised hydrolytic genes. However, information on the expression of the novel CAZyme genes, especially on complex biomass material, is very limited. Results: In this study, the CAZyme gene content of the T. reesei genome was updated and the annotations of the genes refined using both computational and manual approaches. Phylogenetic analysis was done to assist the annotation and to identify functionally diversified CAZymes. The analyses identified 201 glycoside hydrolase genes, 22 carbohydrate esterase genes and five polysaccharide lyase genes. Updated or novel functional predictions were assigned to 44 genes, and the phylogenetic analysis indicated further functional diversification within enzyme families or groups of enzymes. GH3 β-glucosidases, GH27 α-galactosidases and GH18 chitinases were especially functionally diverse. The expression of the lignocellulose degrading enzyme system of T. reesei was studied by cultivating the fungus in the presence of different inducing substrates and by subjecting the cultures to transcriptional profiling. The substrates included both defined and complex lignocellulose related materials, such as pretreated bagasse, wheat straw, spruce, xylan, Avicel cellulose and sophorose. The analysis revealed co-regulated groups of CAZyme genes, such as genes induced in all the conditions studied and also genes induced preferentially by a certain set of substrates. Conclusions: In this study, the CAZyme content of the T. reesei genome was updated, the discrepancies between the different genome versions and published literature were removed and the annotation of many of the genes was refined. Expression analysis of the genes gave information on the enzyme activities potentially induced by the presence of the different substrates. Comparison of the expression profiles of the CAZyme genes under the different conditions identified co-regulated groups of genes, suggesting common regulatory mechanisms for the gene groups.