Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Primary Septoplasty in the Repair of Unilateral Complete Cleft Lip and Palate

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess and compare nasal symmetry in patients who underwent correction of a complete unilateral cleft lip using the Afroze incision without and with primary septoplasty using a standardized two-dimensional photographic analysis. Methods: A prospective cohort study of 190 consecutive patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and alveolus with cleft palate treated with or without septoplasty using the Afroze incision technique was conducted at a high-volume center. Eighty-two patients operated on without primary septoplasty and 76 patients operated on with primary septoplasty were evaluated. Nasal symmetry was compared between patients using two-dimensional photographic analysis. Ratios between the cleft side and the non–cleft side for five parameters were used to assess symmetry: alar base–to–interpupillary line distance, columella-to–Cupid's bow distance, nostril gap area, nostril width, and nostril height. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to calculate differences between the two groups. Results: Patients operated on with primary septoplasty showed more nasal symmetry compared with patients operated on without septoplasty. This difference was statistically significant for columella-to–Cupid's bow distance, nostril gap area, and nostril height (p = 0.008, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively) and for the distance between alar base and the alar base–to–interpupillary line distance (p = 0.145) the difference was present but not statistically significant. For nostril width, no difference was found (p = 0.850). Conclusion: Patients treated with primary septoplasty showed better results in terms of nasal symmetry when analyzed using two-dimensional photographic analyses.
A new strategy to defense against SSLStrip for Android

Many Android applications have a legitimate need to communicate over the Internet, so it is needed to protect potential sensitive data during the transmission. Since smart phones are in a mobile network environment, it is easier to be exploited to launch Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attacks. This paper installs the application SSLStrip for Android which is downloaded from Github, studies its attack process and basic principle, and then proposes a strategy to defense against SSLStrip attacks. The authors extend the function of DHCP server; also an Android application based on Tcpdump is to be developed. This application can receive and analyze DHCP messages from the DHCP server, and get the MAC address of gateway from DHCP message, then record it into ARP-Cache statically. In this way, SSLStrip MITM attacks can be prevented thoroughly in a mobile network environment.
New Pharmacotherapy for Parkinson's Disease

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the development, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of five investigational antiparkinsonian drugs that are in or have recently completed Phase III trials: three dopamine agonists, pramipexole, ropinirole, and cabergoline; and two catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors, entacapone and tolcapone. The pathophysiology and the role of dopamine in Parkinson's disease are also reviewed. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search of relevant English-language literature, clinical studies, abstracts, and review articles pertaining to Parkinson's disease was conducted. Manual searches of 1996/1997 meeting abstracts published by the American Academy of Neurology and the Movement Disorders Society were also performed. Manufacturers provided unpublished Phase III trial efficacy and pharmacokinetic data. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Clinical trial investigations selected for inclusion were limited to human subjects. Interim analyses after 6 months for long-term clinical trial studies in progress were included. Pharmacokinetic data from animals were cited if human data were unavailable. Statistical analyses for all studies were evaluated. DATA SYNTHESIS: By selectively targeting D2 receptors, the newer dopamine agonists (i.e., cabergoline, pramipexole, ropinirole) may delay the introduction of levodopa and thus the occurrence of levodopa-induced dyskinesias. In addition, they are efficacious as adjunctive therapies in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. Unlike the currently available dopamine agonists, pramipexole and ropinirole are non-ergot derivatives and do not cause skin inflammation, paresthesias, pulmonary infiltrates, or pleural effusion. The COMT inhibitors, tolcapone and entacapone, improve the pharmacokinetics of levodopa by preventing its peripheral catabolism and increasing the concentration of brain dopamine; thus, these agents may reduce the incidence of “wearing-off ' effects associated with the short half-life of levodopa and the progression of Parkinson's disease. CONCLUSIONS: Interim 6-month analyses of pramipexole, ropinirole, and cabergoline for symptomatic treatment of early Parkinson's disease have shown these drugs to be efficacious and relatively well-tolerated when used as monotherapy. Their role in delaying the development of motor fluctuations and delaying the addition of levodopa is the subject of long-term clinical studies. In advanced stages of Parkinson's disease, these medications were also efficacious; however, the main adverse effects included dyskinesias, somnolence, and hallucinations. The COMT inhibitors, entacapone and tolcapone, have also demonstrated efficacy in improving on-time in patients with stable disease. Tolcapone has also demonstrated efficacy in patients with motor fluctuations. Both drugs are relatively well-tolerated, with the exception of dyskinesias that require reduction of the levodopa dosage and occasional diarrhea.
Dynamic power estimation based on switching activity propagation

A new power estimation approach based on the decomposition of a digital system into basic operators is presented. This approach aims to estimate the energy consumption at early design phases of digital blocks implemented on FPGAs. Each operator has its own model which estimates the switching activity and the power consumption. By interconnecting several operators, statistical information is then propagated to provide a global power estimation of a given system. A simple sum of the power dissipation contribution of each operator is enough to compute the total power consumption. This is performed by taking into account the switching activities relative to a given input pattern. Earlier, faster and more flexible power analysis for system designers are the advantages. This approach has been evaluated in a use-case application. The preliminary results indicate a promising speed-up of the design process and an error which is less than 8.0% compare to the classical power estimation tools.
Basic similarities among cuprate, bismuthate, organic, Chevrel-phase, and heavy-fermion superconductors shown by penetration-depth measurements.

Muon-spin-relaxation and bulk measurements of the magnetic-field penetration depth suggest that the cuprate high-{ital T}{sub {ital c}}, bismuthate, organic Chevrel-phase, and heavy-fermion systems possibly belong to a unique group of superconductors characterized by high transition temperatures {ital T}{sub {ital c}} relative to the values of {ital n}{sub {ital s}}/{ital m}{sup *} (carrier density/effective mass). This feature distinguishes these exotic superconductors from ordinary BCS superconductors.
An efficient network‐side path protection scheme in OFDM‐based elastic optical networks

Elastic optical networks (EONs) based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technologies are seen as a promising solution for next‐generation optical transport networks to support the rapidly growing and heterogeneous traffic. In EONs, the elastic bandwidth allocation and modulation format agilities combined with reconfiguration capabilities pave the new way for leveraging the network efficiency. In this paper, we recast the network‐side path protection in EONs considering the opportunities and challenges enabled by the flexible operation of OFDM technologies. For the first time, we propose to take advantages of the reconfiguration capabilities of OFDM transponders for adapting to transmission condition variations when switching from the working to protection path in network‐side protection. The idea is inspired by the observation that in reach‐diverse networks, the transmission margin between the working path and protection path of a connection might be large enough, and thus, the most spectrum‐efficient modulation format for each path could be separately tailored, rather than imposed by a common one based on the worse condition as with current fixed transmission technologies. We formulate survivable transparent network designs for both dedicated and shared path protection in the form of integer linear programming model taking into account our proposal for enabling different transmission operations between working and protection mode. Numerical results based on extensive simulations on a realistic network topology, COST239, are presented to highlight the benefits of our proposal compared to conventional approaches in terms of spectrum efficiency for un‐capacitated scenarios and improvements in blocking ratio for capacitated scenarios.
Inhibitory Activity of Constitutive Nitric Oxide on the Expression of Alpha/Beta Interferon Genes in Murine Peritoneal Macrophages

ABSTRACT We investigated the role of the constitutive nitric oxide (NO) in the expression of interferon (IFN) genes in mouse peritoneal macrophages (PM). The treatment of PM withl-arginine-N G-amine (AA), a potent inhibitor of NO-producing enzymes, resulted in a marked accumulation of IFN-α4 mRNA and, to a minor extent, of IFN-β mRNA. In contrast, the expression of IFN-γ mRNA, as well as tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 mRNA, was not affected. Furthermore, a remarkable increase in the expression of the IFN regulating factor 1 (IRF-1), but not of IRF-2, mRNA was detected in AA-treated PM. To investigate whether the AA-induced activation of the IFN system correlates with the production and antiviral activity of IFN, the extent of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) replication was monitored in AA-treated PM with respect to control cultures. AA treatment strongly inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, EMCV yields in PM. Likewise, similar results were obtained by the addition of the NO-scavenger carboxyphenyl-tetramethylimidazoline-oxyl-oxide. In addition, inhibition of NO synthesis byN G-mono-methyl-l-arginine in PM strongly decreased virus replication in coculture of PM and EMCV-infected L929 cells, whereas no antiviral effect was observed in L929 cells alone. Moreover, the AA-mediated antiviral activity was abrogated in the presence of antibody to IFN-α/β, whereas antibody to IFN-γ was completely ineffective. Taken together, these results indicate that low levels of NO, constitutively released by resting PM, negatively regulate the expression and activity of IFN-α/β in PM. We suggest that NO acts as a homeostatic agent in the regulation of IFN pathway expression in macrophages.
Effect of Dexmedetomidine Premedication on the Intraocular Pressure Changes after Succinylcholine and Intubation

succinylcholine is still recommended for some situations in open globe injuries. However its use is associated with an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) which may be deleterious in open globe injuries. We investigated whether dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2 agonist, could attenuate this increase in IOP after succinylcholine and intubation. Forty patients with no pre-existing eye disease undergoing general anesthesia were randomly premedicated by i.v dexmedetomidine 0.3mg/kg or saline. Heart rate(HR), mean arterial pressure(MAP),and IOP (using Schioetz tonometer) were measured before, after the premedication, after thiopental, after succinylcholine, immediately after intubation, and then every 3 min for 9 min succinylcholine and intubation increased IOP in both groups. However, in the dexmedetomidine group, the IOP rise was not different from the baseline value (P,0.65) and was significantly lower than in the saline group (P,0.003). After intubation, the MAP in the control group was higher than that in the dexmedetomidine group (P,0.041) and exceeded base line value(P,0.001). The HR also showed less fluctuation in the dexmedetomidine group than in the saline group. We conclude that dexmedetomidine premedication (0.3mg/kg) could be beneficial in open globe injuries.
Driving errors in Parkinson's disease: moving closer to predicting on-road outcomes.

Age-related medical conditions such as Parkinson's disease (PD) compromise driver fitness. Results from studies are unclear on the specific driving errors that underlie passing or failing an on-road assessment. In this study, we determined the between-group differences and quantified the on-road driving errors that predicted pass or fail on-road outcomes in 101 drivers with PD (mean age = 69.38 ± 7.43) and 138 healthy control (HC) drivers (mean age = 71.76 ± 5.08). Participants with PD had minor differences in demographics and driving habits and history but made more and different driving errors than HC participants. Drivers with PD failed the on-road test to a greater extent than HC drivers (41% vs. 9%), χ²(1) = 35.54, HC N = 138, PD N = 99, p < . 001. The driving errors predicting on-road pass or fail outcomes (95% confidence interval, Nagelkerke R² =.771) were made in visual scanning, signaling, vehicle positioning, speeding (mainly underspeeding, t(61) = 7.004, p < . 001, and total errors. Although it is difficult to predict on-road outcomes, this study provides a foundation for doing so.
The Meaning of Risk to First Degree Relatives of Women with Breast Cancer

ABSTRACT Breast cancer represents a serious health concern for women. It is estimated that hereditary breast cancer accounts for approximately 5–10% of all breast cancer cases and as many as 25% of early-onset cases. We conducted a qualitative study of 26 first degree relatives of women with breast cancer (FDRs) in order to gain a deeper understanding of the effect of risk perception on their screening adherence. The method relied upon semi-structured, in-depth, face-to-face interviews with first degree relatives of women with breast cancer. We characterized FDRs by their response to a single query about their perceived risk. “Risk adopters” (N = 13) were defined as those who expressed a lifetime risk of breast cancer of 50% or more, and “normalizers” (N = 13) were those who indicated a lifetime risk of 49% or less. We conducted content analysis on the responses to the open-ended queries concerning perceived risk for breast cancer, searching for consistent themes among the responses. Surveillance behaviors were high among these FDRs relative to population-based comparisons. The difference between perceived and objective risk for breast cancer was significantly greater among risk adopters than normalizers (p <.0001). Three themes, derived from a content analysis of the FDR's natural language, further distinguish (he two groups of women from one another: (1) causal attributions; (2) acceptance of labeling by the physician or other health care provider; and (3) current or remembered surveillance reminders from salient members of (he social support network. We suggest different health care provider approaches to FDRs who are normalizers and those who are risk adopters, as well as additional studies of the impact of risk status (as manifest in the FDR's natural language) and surveillance behaviors, over time, among more diverse subgroups.
Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Transmembrane Ligands for Eph Receptors

Axonal pathfinding in the nervous system is mediated in part by cell-to-cell signaling events involving members of the Eph receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family and their membrane-bound ligands. Genetic evidence suggests that transmembrane ligands may transduce signals in the developing embryo. The cytoplasmic domain of the transmembrane ligand Lerk2 became phosphorylated on tyrosine residues after contact with the Nuk/Cek5 receptor ectodomain, which suggests that Lerk2 has receptorlike intrinsic signaling potential. Moreover, Lerk2 is an in vivo substrate for the platelet-derived growth factor receptor, which suggests crosstalk between Lerk2 signaling and signaling cascades activated by tyrosine kinases. It is proposed that transmembrane ligands of Eph receptors act not only as conventional RTK ligands but also as receptorlike signaling molecules.
Biological control of apples blue mold by isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Yeasts (52, 51, 69, and 04) were received from Biotechnology Center of Karaj and Penicillium expansum isolates P 11 and P 12 iso- lated from Golden Delicious. Isolates were evaluated as a potential biological control agents of apple blue mold caused by P. expansum. Dual culture, cell free metabolites and volatile test were used in vitro assay. All tested of yeast isolates inhibited growth of P. expansum. The inhibition varied among isolates of yeasts and ranged from 19.81% to 40.73%, in dual culture, from 43.16% to 66.44% in volatile metabolite and from 22.16% to 50.23% in cell free metabolite test. Apple fruit wounds were inoculated with 40 µl of yeast cell suspension (10 7 cell/ml) followed 48 h later by P. expansum (10 5 conidia/ ml). The apples were then incubated at 25°C. Four isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae reduced, the decay area from 13.46 to 24.92 cm 2
All that can be at issue in the theory : Theory simulation debate

Dans le cadre du debat opposant les partisans de la theorie de la theorie et ceux de la theorie de la simulation, l'A. defend une approche analytique de la theorie de la theorie qui exlut l'idee de competition entre les deux positions, d'une part, et se propose d'expliquer le recours a une theorie implicite dans la prediction du comportement et des etats mentaux d'autrui, d'autre part.
DISPLACEMENT ON THE SAN ANDREAS FAULT SUBSEQUENT TO THE 1966 PARKFIELD EARTHQUAKE

Immediately following the 1966 Parkfield earthquake a continuing program of fault displacement measurements was undertaken, and several types of instruments were installed in the fault zone to monitor ground motion. In the year subsequent to the earthquake a maximum of at least 20 cm of displacement occurred on a 30 km section of the San Andreas fault, which far exceeded the surficial displacement at the time of the earthquake. The rate of displacement decreased logarithmically during this period in a manner similar to that of the decrease in aftershock activity. After the initial high rate of activity it could be seen that most of the displacement was occurring in 4–6 day epochs of rapid creep following local aftershocks. The variation of fault displacement along the surface trace was measured and shown to be consistent with a vertidal fault surface 44 km long and 14 km deep, along which a shear stress of 2.4 bars was relieved.
Extracting the parameters of a common mode EMI equivalent circuit model for a drive inverter

This paper proposes a general device-based common mode (CM) model for inverter-fed motor system that able to describe the CM conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) propagating mechanism in the system. Numerical parameters are derived using impedance measurements. The procedure of model elements extraction is introduced systematically and is convenient to implement. The derived model makes the CM EMI characteristic of the inverter is deduced from a circuit analysis viewpoint. Variable EMI noise propagation paths are evaluated and impedances along the propagation loops inside the inverter can be reconstructed for better EMI suppression. The transfer ratio calculations under different conditions show good agreement with experimental measurements verifying the proposed modeling methodology.
Development of Micro Perfusion Cell Culture Device to Create In Vivo-Like Environments for Long-Period and Real-Time Monitoring of Cells Activities

Although enormous efforts have been consumed to improve in vitro cell-based assays for life science, environmental assessment, medical applications, etc., conventional methods still have many problems, such as large dead volumes, difficulty to maintain constant concentration of nutrition and to remove accumulating waste products in static dish-based culture, etc. In order to solve these problems, it would be a breakthrough to realize miniaturized perfusion cell culture system, which continuously supply nutrition and remove metabolic waste products during cell culture. Such a system would be possible to culture cells for a long period and could monitor chemical response at real-time. This scheme of culture system could innovatively be advanced by coupling the recent microfabrication technology. Here, we have developed and experimentally demonstrated a micro cell culture device embedded with a stirrer-type micropump for on-chip perfusion of culture medium and optical fiber connectors for on-chip and real-time fluorescent detection. The cell culture chamber was separated into two compartments by a polyester-made semi-permeable membrane, which can realize polarized cell culture condition and detect a fluorescent signal movement in-between the two-compartments. As an evaluation of the device, Caco-2 cells were successfully cultured over a period up to 26 days and investigated the activity of P-glycoprotein using a fluorescent dye of Rhodamine-123 as a substrate of P-glycoprotein
Why we stay with our social partners: Neural mechanisms of stay/leave decision-making

ABSTRACT How do we decide to keep interacting (e.g., stay) with a social partner or to switch (e.g., leave) to another? This paper investigated the neural mechanisms of stay/leave decision-making. We hypothesized that these decisions fit within a framework of value-based decision-making, and explored four potential mechanisms underlying a hypothesized bias to stay. Twenty-six participants underwent functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) while completing social and nonsocial versions of a stay/leave decision-making task. On each trial, participants chose between four alternative options, after which they received a monetary reward. Crucially, in the social condition, reward magnitude was ostensibly determined by the generosity of social partners, whereas in the nonsocial condition, reward amounts were ostensibly determined in a pre-programmed manner. Results demonstrated that participants were more likely to stay with options of relatively high expected value, with these values updated through Reinforcement Learning mechanisms and represented neurally within ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Moreover, we demonstrated that greater brain activity in ventromedial prefrontal cortex, caudate nucleus, and septo-hypothalamic regions for social versus nonsocial decisions to stay may underlie a bias towards staying with social partners in particular. These findings complement existing social psychological theories by investigating the neural mechanisms of actual stay/leave decisions.