SLEEP QUALITY AMONG TYPE 2 DIABETICS WITH NICOTINE DEPENDENCE

INTRODUCTION: Sleep disorders are reported due to varied reasons and are on the rise. Diabetes is established as the one of the reasons for alterations in the quality of sleep. Studies have established that nicotine acts on the neurotransmitter system and influence the quality of sleep. Nicotine use by the diabetic patients is an added factor and will interfere with their quality of sleep. The objectives of the study were to assess the quality of sleep among uncontrolled and uncomplicated type 2 diabetics with and without nicotine dependence and to find out the effect of nicotine in the day time functioning of the study population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was carried out in a tertiary care teaching hospital among 50 individuals without Nicotine dependence and 50 individuals with Nicotine dependence of uncontrolled and uncomplicated known type 2 Diabetes mellitus. A pretested questionnaire, Fagerstrom test form for Nicotine dependence for smokers, the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale were used to collect data from the study subjects in order to assess the quality of sleep among the study group. RESULTS: The sleep quality among the smokers was different in terms of time of going to bed, time to sleep, hours of sleep, time taken to fall asleep, waking up in the middle of sleep, breathing problem, pain in the leg, and afternoon nap and cough or snore during sleep [p 0.05]. In this study, 92% of the smokers belonged to the low to moderate dependence category as per the Fagerstrom test. DISCUSSION: The sleep quality of low and moderate nicotine dependent type 2 diabetics differed significantly from the non-nicotine users. Most of the study population belonged to low to moderate nicotine dependence [92%]. Health education and enforcement on prevention of smoking in public places is found to have an effect on the Nicotine use in Tamil Nadu. KEYWORKS: Sleep Quality, Fagerstrom test, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale. INTRODUCTION: A good sleep is considered as an essential component of the biological processes of the body for all human beings. Inadequate sleep is found to have an impact on learning, memory processing, cellular repair, brain development and proper functioning of the human systems.14 On the other hand adequate sleep habits have positive role on the neurobehavioral performance. Sleep disorder has a direct impact on the functioning of all body organs and systems.5 Several studies have proved the poor level of sleep to increase the mortality among individuals. Sleep below optimal level will cause neurobehavioral deficits, impaired attention, slowed down working memory, cognitive thought and depression, lessening concentration which leads to accidents or even death.6 Among the non-communicable diseases, diabetes is considered as a major cause of death and disability in the world today. According to the WHO fact sheet 347 million people suffer from diabetes and more than 80% of deaths occur due to diabetes among the lower and middle income category.7 In the South East Asian region nearly 71 million people are suffering from diabetes and 1 million deaths DOI: 10.14260/jemds/2014/2615