Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prefrontal consolidation supports the attainment of fear memory accuracy

The neural mechanisms underlying the attainment of fear memory accuracy for appropriate discriminative responses to aversive and nonaversive stimuli are unclear. Considerable evidence indicates that coactivator of transcription and histone acetyltransferase cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) binding protein (CBP) is critically required for normal neural function. CBP hypofunction leads to severe psychopathological symptoms in human and cognitive abnormalities in genetic mutant mice with severity dependent on the neural locus and developmental time of the gene inactivation. Here, we showed that an acute hypofunction of CBP in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) results in a disruption of fear memory accuracy in mice. In addition, interruption of CREB function in the mPFC also leads to a deficit in auditory discrimination of fearful stimuli. While mice with deficient CBP/CREB signaling in the mPFC maintain normal responses to aversive stimuli, they exhibit abnormal responses to similar but nonrelevant stimuli when compared to control animals. These data indicate that improvement of fear memory accuracy involves mPFC-dependent suppression of fear responses to nonrelevant stimuli. Evidence from a context discriminatory task and a newly developed task that depends on the ability to distinguish discrete auditory cues indicated that CBP-dependent neural signaling within the mPFC circuitry is an important component of the mechanism for disambiguating the meaning of fear signals with two opposing values: aversive and nonaversive.
Design and Construction of Arduino-Hacked Variable Gating Distortion Pedal

This paper describes the distortion effects often used in an electric guitar. Distortion is an added effect in an electric guitar, which compresses the peaks of the sound waves produced by the musical instrument, to produce a large number of added overtones, which here is done by rigging up a circuit in collaboration with the Arduino UNO circuit board. The digital potentiometer controlled by the Arduino (microcontroller) was an improvement and was able to produce satisfactory results, as compared with the analog potentiometer without the Arduino control. The complex circuitry of a three-stage distortion circuit with the analog potentiometer was replaced by a digital potentiometer controlled by a microcontroller, with better results. This variable-gating distortion pedal has an added advantage of being compact, light, and inexpensive.
Analysis of ESPAR antennas in indoor multi-path environments for wireless ad-hoc network systems

This paper conducts a performance analysis on electronically steerable passive array radiator (ESPAR) antennas in indoor multi-path environments by a three-dimensional geometrical optics method. ESPAR antennas are novel adaptive array antennas and have only one active element to output signals and multiple parasitic elements with loaded variable reactors. The analysis shows that, besides direct-path environments, ESPAR antennas can also be controlled in multi-path environments by the conventional steepest gradient algorithm. In addition, some positive output SINR values are obtained due to the beamforming ability of ESPAR antennas.
The pathogenesis of traumatic coagulopathy

Over the last 10 years, the management of major haemorrhage in trauma patients has changed radically. This is mainly due to the recognition that many patients who are bleeding when they come in to the emergency department have an established coagulopathy before the haemodilution effects of fluid resuscitation. This has led to the use of new terminology: acute traumatic coagulopathy, acute coagulopathy of trauma shock or trauma‐induced coagulopathy. The recognition of acute traumatic coagulopathy is important, because we now understand that its presence is a prognostic indicator, as it is associated with poor clinical outcome. This has driven a change in clinical management, so that the previous approach of maintaining an adequate circulating volume and oxygen carrying capacity before, as a secondary event, dealing with coagulopathy, has changed to haemostatic resuscitation as early as possible. While there is as yet no universally accepted assay or definition, many experts use prolongation of the prothrombin time to indicate that there is, indeed, a coagulopathy. Hypoxia, acidosis and hypothermia and hormonal, immunological and cytokine production, alongside consumption and blood loss, and the dilutional effects of resuscitation may occur to varying extents depending on the type of tissue damaged, the type and extent of injury, predisposing to, or amplifying, activation of coagulation, platelets, fibrinolysis. These are discussed in detail within the article.
Distinctiveness of human resource management in the Asia Pacific region: typologies and levels

Abstract With this special issue, we explore the distinctive contextual factors of contemporary human resource management (HRM) in the important Asia Pacific region, in order to contribute new and non-Western insights to the convergence-divergence debate in international HRM. After first establishing a multi-level analytical framework consisting of macro-, meso-, and micro levels, we discuss theoretical trends at each stage which reveal that countries at different developmental stages possess distinctive political-economic frameworks, institutions, cultural features, and value systems. We present four studies that analyze the distinctive features of the respective cultural contexts. These include (1) yongo and informality in HRM in Korea, (2) guanxi in the context of performance appraisal in Western and local banks in China, (3) relationship building by leaders in China and the US, focusing on the role humor plays therein, and, (4) human factors in virtual teamwork with examples from Taiwan, Vietnam, and Indonesia. We draw two major conclusions from our investigation. As HRM systems in the Asia Pacific region are rather heterogenic, we see no trend toward global convergence. Rather, we perceive local systems ‘mixing’ best practice approaches, and that as a result are hybrids. Others tend to diverge. We propose the distinctiveness of HRM in the Asia Pacific region, as revolving around the themes of social ties, informality, and interpersonal trust. Future research could focus on these broad themes in order to understand their respective dynamics better and make HRM systems more efficient and effective.
Market Structure and Technical Efficiency in the Hospital Services Industry: A DEA Approach

This article uses data envelopment analysis and multiple regression analysis to examine empirically the impact of various market-structure elements on the technical efficiency of the hospital services industry in various metropolitan areas of the United States. Market-structure elements include the degree of rivalry among hospitals, extent of HMO activity, and health insurer concentration. The DEA results show the typical hospital services industry experienced 11 percent inefficiency in 1999. Moreover, multiple regression analysis indicates the level of technical efficiency varied directly across metropolitan hospital services industries in response to greater HMO activity and private health insurer concentration in the state. The analysis suggests the degree of rivalry among hospitals had no marginal effect on technical efficiency at the industry level. Evidence also implies that the presence of a state Certificate of Need law was not associated with a greater degree of inefficiency in the typical metropolitan hospital services industry.
Target product profile of a molecular drug-susceptibility test for use in microscopy centers.

BACKGROUND Current phenotypic testing for drug resistance in patients with tuberculosis is inadequate primarily with respect to turnaround time. Molecular tests hold the promise of an improved time to diagnosis. METHODS A target product profile for a molecular drug-susceptibility test (DST) was developed on the basis of a collaborative effort that included opinions gathered from researchers, clinicians, policy makers, and test developers on optimal clinical and operational characteristics in settings of intended use. In addition, the current diagnostic ecosystem and the diagnostic development landscape were mapped. RESULTS Molecular DSTs for detecting tuberculosis in microscopy centers should ideally evaluate for resistance to rifampin, fluoroquinolones, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide and enable the selection of the most appropriate treatment regimen. Performance characteristics of DSTs need to be optimized, but compromises can be made that depend on the trade-off between a false-positive result and a false-negative result. The operational requirements of a test will vary depending on the site of implementation. However, the most-important considerations pertain to quality control, maintenance and calibration, and the ability to export data. CONCLUSION This target product profile defines the needs as perceived by the tuberculosis stakeholder community and attempts to provide a means of communication with test developers to ensure that fit-for-purpose DSTs are being developed.
Fungal hydroquinones contribute to brown rot of wood.

The fungi that cause brown rot of wood initiate lignocellulose breakdown with an extracellular Fenton system in which Fe(2+) and H(2)O(2) react to produce hydroxyl radicals (.OH), which then oxidize and cleave the wood holocellulose. One such fungus, Gloeophyllum trabeum, drives Fenton chemistry on defined media by reducing Fe(3+) and O(2) with two extracellular hydroquinones, 2,5-dimethoxyhydroquinone (2,5-DMHQ) and 4,5-dimethoxycatechol (4,5-DMC). However, it has never been shown that the hydroquinones contribute to brown rot of wood. We grew G. trabeum on spruce blocks and found that 2,5-DMHQ and 4,5-DMC were each present in the aqueous phase at concentrations near 20 microM after 1 week. We determined rate constants for the reactions of 2,5-DMHQ and 4,5-DMC with the Fe(3+)-oxalate complexes that predominate in wood undergoing brown rot, finding them to be 43 l mol(-1) s(-1) and 65 l mol(-1) s(-1) respectively. Using these values, we estimated that the average amount of hydroquinone-driven . OH production during the first week of decay was 11.5 micromol g(-1) dry weight of wood. Viscometry of the degraded wood holocellulose coupled with computer modelling showed that a number of the same general magnitude, 41.2 micromol oxidations per gram, was required to account for the depolymerization that occurred in the first week. Moreover, the decrease in holocellulose viscosity was correlated with the measured concentrations of hydroquinones. Therefore, hydroquinone-driven Fenton chemistry is one component of the biodegradative arsenal that G. trabeum expresses on wood.
Development of Social Work Specialty Education in China in the 30 years of Reform

The education of social work specialty in China has rapidly developed in the 30 years of reform.After briefly describing the process,present situation and feature of the education in China,the author discusses the major problems of the education in this period of time from aspects such as specialty education aim,professional talents training and the indigenization of the specialty education.Accordingly,the author proposes that we should deepen the reform of social system by which professionalizes social work,explore localized educational models and establish a multi-level training system,perfect talent training structure,and standardize curriculum.
Effect of end of life education on medical students’ and health care workers’ death attitude

One of the goals of education in end of life care is to make communication more open by exploring critical issues related to fear of dying and death in order to reduce anxiety and improve an individual’s attitude to dying patients. The aim of our research was to evaluate the effects of courses for health care workers and medical students in care at the end of life. One hundred and twenty-seven health care professionals and 41 undergraduate medical students completed the Multidimensional Fear of Death Scale (MFODS) on the first and last day of the course. The most significant factors of fear of death are: Fear for Significant Others, Fear of the Dying Process and Fear of the Unknown. Overall fear of death scores were reduced as an effect of the courses. Changes in the components and level of fear of death are influenced by the participants’ gender, age and profession. Improvement was evident in the attitudes to dying patients in both groups, which was related to an increase in knowledge of high-quality care of dying patients.
Optimization of the learning process in a new digital learning environment

Digital learning is an important learning strategy in the information age. This article describes the characteristics of the new digital learning environment, discusses the learning target and curricular design, as well as optimization of learning resources, literature search and information management in the digital learning process, and finally proposes some suggestions and ways of thinking with respect to the basic pillars linking this learning process.
Three-phase UPS with high power factor and high frequency transformer isolation

This work proposes an double conversion three-phase uninterruptible power system (UPS) with power factor correction, high frequency (HF) transformer isolation, and suitable for operation with line-to-line input voltages equal to 220 V or 380 V. For both input voltages, the proposed converter has almost the same efficiency processing the same output power. The structure is composed by single-phase chopper modules, single-phase boost modules, and one three-phase inverter . The relevant features are soft commutation of the controlled switches in the chopper stage, simple control strategy that can be implemented with well-known integrated circuits (IC), and the use of few batteries in series due to the same reference of the step-up stages. Principle of operation of the proposed system, implemented control strategy and experimental results obtained for a 15 kVA prototype are presented.
The Ratio of Independent Arbitrary α-μ Random Variables and its Application in the Capacity Analysis of Spectrum Sharing Systems

General, simple, exact, closed-form expressions for the ratio of independent non-identically distributed α-μ random variables are derived. These important results find applicability in several performance analysis of wireless communication systems, in particular those for which the ratio of signal powers is of relevance. One such application, currently of enormous interest, is the capacity analysis of spectrum sharing networks. Motivated by this, a comprehensive capacity study of spectrum sharing systems undergoing α-μ fading is performed, followed by insightful discussions.
Transcutaneous Pco2 monitoring in critically ill adults: Clinical evaluation of a new sensor*

Objective:In critically ill patients, arterial blood gas analysis is the gold standard for evaluating systemic oxygenation and carbon dioxide partial pressure. A new miniaturized carbon dioxide tension Pco2-Spo2 single sensor (TOSCA, Linde Medical Sensors AG, Basel, Switzerland) continuously and noninvasively (transcutaneously) monitors both Paco2 and oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry (Spo2). The present study was designed to investigate the usability and the accuracy of this device in critically ill patients. Design:Prospective clinical investigation. Setting:A 20-bed, university-affiliated, surgical intensive care unit. Patients:Patients admitted after major surgery, multiple trauma, or septic shock equipped with an arterial catheter. Interventions:The heated (42°C) sensor was fixed at the earlobe using an attachment clip. Transcutaneous Pco2 (TcPco2) measurements were correlated with Paco2 values (measured using a blood gas analyzer). In addition, the differences between Paco2 and TcPco2 values were evaluated using the method of Bland-Altman. Measurements and Main Results:We studied 55 patients, aged 18–80 (mean 57 ± 15) yrs. A total of 417 paired measurements were compared. Correlation between TcPco2 and Paco2 was r = . 86 (p < .01) in the Paco2 range of 24–101 mm Hg. Mean bias (±sd) between the two methods of measurement (Bland-Altman analysis) was 1.2 ± 6.0 mm Hg with TcPco2 slightly overestimating arterial carbon dioxide tension. Nineteen percent of the measured values were outside of the acceptable clinical range of agreement of ±7.5 mm Hg. Conclusions:The present study suggests that Paco2 can be acceptably assessed by measuring TcPco2 using the TOSCA Pco2-Spo2 sensor.
Comparison of Antipsychotic Depot Injections in the Maintenance Treatment of Schizophrenia

Summary 122 Schizophrenic patients treated with injections of fluphenazine ethanate, 97 with fluphenazine decanoate and 199 with flupenthixol decanoate were followed up for mean times of 41, 33 and 21 months respectively. Their progress was compared by examining reasons for discontinuing injections and outcome in three separate groups defined according to first preparation given; relating the events causing patients to discontinue injections or be readmitted to patient-months spent on each drug; and analysing reasons for inter-drug transfers 43 per cent, 24 per cent and 23 per cent respectively of these three groups of patients discontinued the injections. Severe extrapyramidal effects were most frequent with fluphenazine ethanate, intermediate with fluphenazine decanote, and least frequent with flupenthixol. Lack of cooperation was rather more frequent with flupenthixol than with the other drugs. Severe depression occurred with all three. More patients on fluphenazine injections were transferred for any reason to flupenthixol than vice-versa. A case of ‘irreversible’ movement disorder was seen with each preparation. It is suggested that current maintenance doses of flupenthixol decanoate are too low.
Protein dimerization between Lmo2 (Rbtn2) and Tal1 alters thymocyte development and potentiates T cell tumorigenesis in transgenic mice.

The LMO2 and TAL1 genes were first identified via chromosomal translocations and later found to encode proteins that interact during normal erythroid development. Some T cell leukaemia patients have chromosomal abnormalities involving both genes, implying that LMO2 and TAL1 act synergistically to promote tumorigenesis after their inappropriate co‐expression. To test this hypothesis, transgenic mice were made which co‐express Lmo2 and Tal1 genes in T cells. Dimers of Lmo2 and Tal1 proteins were formed in thymocytes of double but not single transgenic mice. Furthermore, thymuses of double transgenic mice were almost completely populated by immature T cells from birth, and these mice develop T cell tumours approximately 3 months earlier than those with only the Lmo2 transgene. Thus interaction between these two proteins can alter T cell development and potentiate tumorigenesis. The data also provide formal proof that TAL1 is an oncogene, apparently acting as a tumour promoter in this system.
Quality of Service in Wide Scale Publish—Subscribe Systems

Publish/Subscribe (PUB/SUB) systems have attracted much academic and industrial interest in the last years, with several successful experiences of development and deployment. Notwithstanding this high interest and the relevant research activities accomplished in the field, there are still many open technical challenges calling for additional research efforts. In this paper, we focus on the ability of PUB/SUB infrastructures to offer cost-effective, scalable, and quality-aware data distribution in emerging wide-scale and highly dynamic communication environments, such as those related to the continuous exchange of information between static and mobile nodes in smart-city scenarios. To this purpose, we survey state-of-the-art industrial and academic PUB/SUB solutions, with a strong focus on their support to scalability and quality requirements. We offer a detailed technical analysis of existing mechanisms and techniques for scalable QoS provisioning in PUB/SUB middleware, and we show how different design/implementation details impact the scalability and quality achievable at runtime. At the end of this surveying work, we identify promising guidelines for future research and for PUB/SUB systems extensions to effectively address the technical challenges of scalability and quality.
Pilot study on activities of daily living limitations in adults with hemianopsia.

OBJECTIVE I sought to obtain a general understanding of the limitations in activities of daily living (ADLs) experienced by adults with hemianopsia and quandrantanopsia from acquired brain injury. METHOD A semistructured interview addressing the perception of difficulty completing ADLs because of vision loss and a reading performance test were administered to 46 participants referred to a low vision rehabilitation program. RESULTS Participants reported difficulty completing two basic ADLs, personal hygiene-grooming and feeding, and several instrumental ADLs, including driving, shopping, financial management, telephone usage, and meal preparation. ADL limitations appear to be related to the amount of visual search needed to complete the ADL and disruption of the performance skills of reading, writing, and mobility. CONCLUSION People with hemianopsia experience limitations in specific ADLs as a direct result of the disruption of the visual field. Further investigation is needed to confirm these findings and explore interventions to improve ADL performance.
Deceptive behaviour of Colletotrichum truncatum: strategic survival as an asymptomatic endophyte on non-host species

: Colletotrichum truncatum (syn. C. capsici ), like many other members of the genus Colletotrichum , displays a highly developed infection mechanism against a number of agriculturally important crops. Among many survival strategies, C. truncatum is well known for its wide host range and high pathogenicity on several major crop species. Meticulous understanding of a pathogen’s infection mechanisms is the best way to achieve successful management of a disease. This study was carried out to evaluate the pathogenicity of C. truncatum on selected crop plants and weed species and to detect the possibility of non-host species to facilitate survival of the pathogen. Inoculation of an isolate of C. truncatum to four crops: curry chilli – Capsicum annuum (var. CA8), eggplant – Solanum melongena (var. Lena Iri), tomato – Solanum lycopersicum (var. Thilina) and green chilli – C. annuum (var. KA2) and three weed species: little ironweed ( Vernonia cinerea ), billygoat-weed ( Ageratum conyzoides ) and Bengal dayflower ( Commelina benghalensis ) resulted in approximately 3.5 disease severity (DS) (100% disease incidence-DI) on S. lycopersicum and C. annuum (var. KA2), followed by 2.8 and 1.8 DS (100%, 75% DI) on C. annuum (var. CA8) and S. melongena (var. Lena Iri), respectively. The three weed species were completely symptomless up to 8 weeks after the inoculation (WAI). However, microscopic studies and serial culturing of the inoculated tissues revealed the presence of the fungus in all the tested plants. Appressoria were present in all treated leaves and eventually broke their dormancy upon leaf senescence nearly 6 WAI. This study reveals the potential of C. truncatum infecting all tested crops and the capa-bility of the three weed species in harboring the pathogen asymptomatically for several weeks. Thus, early management of inoculum in the field is suggested for C. truncatum diseases.