Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Somatotopic organization of cutaneous afferent terminals and dorsal horn neuronal receptive fields in the superficial and deep laminae of the rat lumbar spinal cord

The somatotopic organization of A‐ and C‐afferent fibre terminals in the dorsal horn of the rat lumbar spinal cord was compared with the spatial location of second‐order dorsal horn neuronal mechanoreceptive fields. The central terminal fields of the sural, saphenous, and tibial nerve were mapped by labelling the nerves with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). A previous study used the transganglionic transport of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGA‐HRP) to produce a somatotopic map of highthreshold C‐fibre terminal fields in lamina II (Swett and Woolf: J. Comp. Neurol. 231:66–77, '85). In the present study the terminal fields of lowthreshold A beta afferents that terminate in laminae III and IV were mapped by using unconjugated HRP at prolonged survival times (72 hours). Unfixed tissue was used to increase the sensitivity of the tetramethylbenzidine reaction, thus allowing these afferent terminals to be clearly seen. The general spatial arrangement of the terminal fields in laminae III/IV closely resembled that found in lamina II in the mediolateral and rostrocaudal planes but because of a dorsoventral obliquity of the afferent terminals, the superficial and deeper fields are not in strict vertical register. The input to laminae II‐IV of the dorsal horn may therefore be viewed as two horizontally arranged sheets of afferent terminals both accurately representing the skin surface, the more superficial sheet representing the high‐threshold C‐afferents and the deeper sheet, low‐threshold A‐beta afferents. The spatial organization of high‐threshold A‐delta afferents in laminae I and V appears to be quite different, with a transverse rather than a longitudinal orientation.
Charting the coast: spatial planning for tourism using public participation GIS

Coastal tourism continues to experience sustained growth on a global scale, leading to concerns regarding socio-cultural, economic and environmental impacts. To-date, the explicit integration of tourism development with coastal management has lagged behind more traditional planning concerns, presenting an opportunity and challenge for managers. Spatial planning using public participation geographical information systems (PPGIS) offers one solution for integration that is cognisant of the centrality of place in tourism. PPGIS was used to document spatially explicit data on place values, activities and development preferences along the remote, Aboriginal-managed Port Smith (Purnturrpurnturr) coastline in Western Australia. The research was developed and implemented as a collaborative partnership between Aboriginal custodians and University researchers. Ninety-seven questionnaires containing participatory mapping were conducted with residents and visitors. The participatory mapping approach successfully identified areas of potential conflict and allows tourism planners and managers to implement spatial planning that explicitly recognises and accounts for visitor values and preferences. Tourism, as well as marine spatial planning, can be enhanced by a holistic approach that considers both tangible and intangible socio-spatial data. Such an approach is likely to foster a more nuanced appreciation of what is valued in the landscape, providing greater insights to support sustainable long-term planning.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Substituted and Unsubstituted N-(Benzoylphenyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamides as Potent Antihypertriglyceridemic Agents

The N-(benzoylphenyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide derivatives 1 - 6 were synthesized, and the lipid-lowering effects of two of these novel compounds were studied using hyperlipidemic rats as an experimental model. Treatment of ethyl-1H-indole-2-carboxylate with aminobenzophenones in the presence of sodium ethoxide and DMF, followed by purifi cation using column chromatography, gave the target compounds in good yields. The tested animals were divided into control, hyperlipidemic, compounds 2-, 3- and bezafibrate-treated groups. At a dose of 15 mg/kg body weight, compounds 2, 3 and bezafibrate significantly reduced the elevated plasma triglyceride levels after 7 and 24 h. Furthermore, the high-density lipoprotein- cholesterol levels were remarkably increased in all treated groups after 7 and 24 h compared to the hyperlipidemic control group. However, only compounds 2- and 3-treated groups obviously showed a significant reduction in plasma total cholesterol levels after 24 h. It is therefore reasonable to assume that 2 and 3 may have a promising potential in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and coronary heart diseases.
BL-ECD: Broad Learning based Enterprise Community Detection via Hierarchical Structure Fusion

Employees in companies can be divided into different social communities, and those who frequently socialize with each other will be treated as close friends and are grouped in the same community. In the enterprise context, a large amount of information about the employees is available in both (1) offline company internal sources and (2) online enterprise social networks (ESNs). Each of the information sources also contain multiple categories of employees' socialization activities at the same time. In this paper, we propose to detect the social communities of the employees in companies based on the broad learning setting with both these online and offline information sources simultaneously, and the problem is formally called the "Broad Learning based Enterprise Community Detection" (BL-ECD) problem. To address the problem, a novel broad learning based community detection framework named "HeterogeneoUs Multi-sOurce ClusteRing" (HUMOR) is introduced in this paper. Based on the various enterprise social intimacy measures introduced in this paper, HUMOR detects a set of micro community structures of the employees based on each of the socialization activities respectively. To obtain the (globally) consistent community structure of employees in the company, HUMOR further fuses these micro community structures via two broad learning phases: (1) intra-fusion of micro community structures to obtain the online and offline (locally) consistent communities respectively, and (2) inter-fusion of the online and offline communities to achieve the (globally) consistent community structure of employees. Extensive experiments conducted on real-world enterprise datasets demonstrate our method can perform very well in addressing the BL-ECD problem.
Measurement of the Energy-Dependent Angular Response of the ARES Detector System and Application to Aerial Imaging

The Airborne Radiological Enhanced-sensor System (ARES) includes a prototype helicopter-borne CsI(Na) detector array that has been developed as part of the DHS Domestic Nuclear Detection Office Advanced Technology Demonstration. The detector system geometry comprises two pairs of 23-detector arrays designed to function as active masks, providing additional angular resolution of measured gamma rays in the roll dimension. Experimental measurements, using five radioisotopes (<sup>137</sup>Cs, <sup>60</sup>Co, <sup>241</sup>Am, <sup>131</sup>I, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{99m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>Tc), were performed to map the detector response in both roll and pitch dimensions. This paper describes the acquisition and analysis of these characterization measurements, calculation of the angular response of the ARES system, and how this response function is used to improve aerial detection and localization of radiological and nuclear threat sources.
Nonrecovery of kidney function and death after acute on chronic renal failure.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Relatively little is known about clinical outcomes, especially long-term outcomes, among patients who have chronic kidney disease (CKD) and experience superimposed acute renal failure (ARF; acute on chronic renal failure). DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS We tracked 39,805 members of an integrated health care delivery system in northern California who were hospitalized during 1996 through 2003 and had prehospitalization estimated GFR (eGFR) <45 ml/min per 1.73 m(2). Superimposed ARF was defined as having both a peak inpatient serum creatinine greater than the last outpatient serum creatinine by > or =50% and receipt of acute dialysis. RESULTS Overall, 26% of CKD patients who suffered superimposed ARF died during the index hospitalization. There was a high risk for developing ESRD within 30 d of hospital discharge that varied with preadmission renal function, being 42% among hospital survivors with baseline eGFR 30-44 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) and 63% among hospital survivors with baseline eGFR 15-29 ml/min per 1.73 m(2). Compared with patients who had CKD and did not experience superimposed ARF, those who did had a 30% higher long-term risk for death or ESRD. CONCLUSIONS In a large, community-based cohort of patients with CKD, an episode of superimposed dialysis-requiring ARF was associated with very high risk for nonrecovery of renal function. Dialysis-requiring ARF also seemed to be an independent risk factor for long-term risk for death or ESRD.
Micro-drone RCS analysis

This paper presents both simulation and experimental results of micro-drone rotor blade electromagnetic scattering. The focus of this work is investigating the variation of these reflections as a function of variables such as polarization, frequency and azimuth angle. The simulation results clearly show a strong variation in scattering with azimuth and frequency. Experimental validation of these variations was investigated and similar trends in azimuth were found. The Doppler components from an operational micro-drone in varying polarizations are shown, these demonstrate the expected signals received by a real radar system.
Current concepts in screening for noncommunicable disease: World Health Organization Consultation Group Report on methodology of noncommunicable disease screening

Screening people for serious diseases is receiving increasing attention as studies demonstrate the potential benefits of early detection and early intervention in preventing morbidity and mortality. Screening tests are available for some of the most important noncommunicable diseases,including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and several site-specific cancers. However, screening guidelines for cardiovascular disease, cancers and diabetes vary within and between countries because many national and international organizations are developing their own guidelines. Thereis a need to address the issue of screening for disease, with an emphasis on providing accurate and practical information relevant to all countries. This report arose from a Consultation Group meeting held at WHO headquarters in Geneva. It presents an examination of the principles of screeningwith an emphasis on noncommunicable disease prevention and control policy.
Progression of chronic atrophic gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori infection increases risk of gastric cancer

We conducted a longitudinal cohort study to determine the association of Helicobacter pylori infection and the progression of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) with gastric cancer. A cohort of 4,655 healthy asymptomatic subjects was followed for a mean period of 7.7 years. H. pylori infection was established by serum specific antibodies and the presence of CAG was confirmed by serum pepsinogen. During the follow‐up period, 45 gastric cancer cases were detected (incidence rate, 126/100,000 person‐years). A univariate analysis after adjustment for age showed that both H. pylori and CAG were significantly associated with gastric cancer. To clarify the interaction between H. pylori and CAG, an analysis stratified by H. pylori‐ and CAG–status was performed. No cancer developed in the H. pylori(−)/CAG(−) group during the study period. This supports the theory that it is quite rare for any type of gastric cancer to develop in an H. pylori‐free healthy stomach. With the progression of H. pylori‐induced gastritis, the risk of gastric cancer increased in a stepwise fashion from CAG‐free gastritis [H. pylori(+)/CAG(−) group] (HR=7.13, 95%CI=0.95‐53.33) to CAG [H. pylori(+)/CAG(+) group] (HR=14.85, 95%CI=1.96–107.7) and finally to severe CAG with extensive intestinal metaplasia [H. pylori(−)/CAG(+) group] (HR=61.85, 95%CI=5.6–682.64) in which loss of H. pylori from the stomach is observed. Therefore, it is probable that H. pylori alone is not directly associated with stomach carcinogenesis. Instead, H. pylori appears to influence stomach carcinogenesis through the development of CAG. The observed positive correlation between the extent of H. pylori‐induced gastritis and the development of cancer was strong, especially for the intestinal type. These results are compelling evidence that severe gastritis with extensive intestinal metaplasia is a major risk factor for gastric cancer, and they confirm the previously described model of stomach carcinogenesis: the gastritis‐metaplasia‐carcinoma sequence. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influences of cardiorespiratory fitness levels and other predictors on cardiovascular disease mortality in men.

PURPOSE This investigation quantifies the relation between cardiorespiratory fitness levels and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality within strata of other CVD predictors. METHODS Participants included 25,341 male Cooper Clinic patients who underwent a maximal graded exercise test. CVD death rates were determined for low (least fit one-fifth), moderate (next two-fifths), and high (top two-fifths) cardiorespiratory fitness categories by strata of smoking habit, blood cholesterol level, resting blood pressure, and health status. There were 226 cardiovascular deaths during 211,996 man-years of follow-up. RESULTS For individuals with none of the major CVD predictors (smoking, elevated resting systolic blood pressure, elevated blood cholesterol), there was a strong inverse relation (P = 0.001) between fitness level and CVD mortality. An inverse relation between CVD mortality and fitness level was seen within strata of cholesterol levels and health status. No evidence of a trend (P = 0.60) for decreased mortality was seen across fitness levels for individuals with elevated systolic blood pressure; however, a strong inverse gradient (P < 0.001) was seen across fitness levels for individuals with normal systolic blood pressure. There was a tendency for association between high levels of fitness and decreased CVD mortality in smokers compared with low and moderately fit smokers (P < 0.076). There was no significant association between level of fitness and CVD mortality for individuals with multiple (two or more) predictors (P = 0.325). Approximately 20% of the 226 CVD deaths in the population studied were attributed to low fitness level. CONCLUSIONS Moderate and high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness seem to provide some protection from CVD mortality, even in the presence of well established CVD predictors.
Proapoptotic and antiproliferative potential of selective cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitors in human liver tumor cells

Recent studies have shown increased levels of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) in a variety of human malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but so far it is unknown whether COX‐2 contributes to the malignant growth and whether inhibition of COX‐2 function modifies the malignant potential of liver tumors. COX‐1 and COX‐2 expression was determined in 4 liver tumor cell lines (Hep 3B, HuH‐7, Hep G2, Sk‐hep1) by Northern hybridization and Western immunoblot. The functional effects of the nonselective inhibitor sulindac sulfide and the COX‐2 selective inhibitors SC‐58635 and meloxicam were examined by 3(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazoliumbromide (MTT)‐assays and BrdU uptake, morphology, and TUNEL analysis of apoptosis. Apoptosis regulating proteins were analyzed by Western immunoblot. COX‐1 and COX‐2 expression was demonstrable in all tested liver tumor cell lines. Sulindac sulfide (50 to 400 μmol/L), SC‐58635 (6,25 to 400 μmol/L), and meloxicam (6.25 to 400 μmol/L) led to a significant time‐ and dose‐dependent reduction of cell numbers of up to 80% (P < .05). At equimolar concentrations the effect was more pronounced when COX‐2 was selectively blocked. COX‐2 inhibition induced apoptosis and reduced tumor cell proliferation. Apoptosis after COX‐2 inhibition with SC‐58635 (50 μmol/L) was independent of BCL‐2, BAX, and the phosphorylation status of AKT/PKB and BAD, but correlated with activation of caspase‐9, caspase‐3, and caspase‐6. In conclusion, selective inhibition of COX‐2 leads to a marked growth inhibition of human liver tumor cells, based on the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation and, thus, may offer therapeutic and preventive potential in human hepatocarcinogenesis.
Benzodiazepines for alcohol withdrawal.

BACKGROUND Alcohol withdrawal syndrome is a cluster of symptoms that occurs in alcohol-dependent people after cessation or reduction in alcohol use. This systematic review focuses on the evidence of benzodiazepines' use in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal symptoms. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of benzodiazepines in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library Issue 4, 2004), MEDLINE (1966 to October 2004) and EU-PSI PSI-Tri database with no language and publication restrictions. We also screened references of retrieved articles. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomized controlled trials examining the effectiveness and safety of a benzodiazepine in comparison with a placebo or other pharmacological intervention or other benzodiazepine were considered. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. MAIN RESULTS Fifty-seven trials, with a total of 4,051 people were included. Despite the considerable number of randomized controlled trials, there was a very large variety of outcomes and of different rating scales and relatively limited quantitative synthesis of data was feasible. Benzodiazepines offered a large benefit against alcohol withdrawal seizures compared to placebo (relative risk [RR] 0.16; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04 to 0.69; p = 0.01). Benzodiazepines had similar success rates as other drugs (RR 1.02; 95% CI 0.92 to 1.12) or anticonvulsants in particular (RR 1.00; 95% CI 0.87 to 1.16) and offered a significant benefit for seizure control against non-anticonvulsants (RR 0.23; 95% CI 0.07 to 0.75; p = 0.02), but not against anticonvulsants (RR 1.99; 95% CI 0.46 to 8.65). Changes in Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol (CIWA-Ar) scores at the end of treatment were similar with benzodiazepines versus other drugs, although some small studies showed isolated significant differences for other, less commonly, used scales. Data on other comparisons were very limited, thus making quantitative synthesis for various outcomes not very informative. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Benzodiazepines are effective against alcohol withdrawal symptoms, in particular seizures, when compared to placebo. It is not possible to draw definite conclusions about the relative effectiveness and safety of benzodiazepines against other drugs in alcohol withdrawal, because of the large heterogeneity of the trials both in interventions and assessment of outcomes but the available data do not show prominent differences between benzodiazepines and other drugs in success rates.
Earnings management by top Chinese listed firms in response to the Global Financial Crisis

Purpose - The main aim of this study was to examine the earnings management behaviours, including both accrual-based and cash flow-based earnings management, of Chinese firms during the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). Design/methodology/approach - A data set of 1,392 firm-year observations derived from a large sample of China's top listed firms (based on total assets) was constructed and investigated via univariate and ordinary least squares regression analyses. Findings - Two distinct conclusions can be drawn from the results of the study. First, the top Chinese listed firms did engage in earnings management, as indicated by comparisons of the means of the absolute values of both accrual-based and cash flow-based earnings management indicators in the periods before and after 2008 when the GFC started. Second, investigation of earnings management directions revealed that in response to the GFC, the firms from construction-related industries and the airline industry manipulated earnings upwards through either accrual-based and/or cash flow-based earnings management activities. On the other hand, firms in the household durables industry engaged in earnings-reducing activities. These findings reflect the effect of the stimulus package launched by the Chinese Government in an effort to combat the GFC. In addition, the results indicate that firm characteristics such as size, leverage, profitability and growth affected the earnings management behaviours of the firms analysed in the study. Originality/value - The empirically derived findings of this study contribute to the literature pertaining to the effects of the GFC on earnings management practices in China, which has remained relatively scant to date.
Threonine Requirement of the Enterally Fed Term Infant in the First Month of Life

Objective: Threonine is one of the essential amino acids. Its major fate is incorporation into intestinal mucosal proteins and synthesis of secretory glycoproteins. Therefore, it has an important function in the neonatal gut barrier integrity. The objective was to quantify the threonine requirement in fully enterally fed term neonates by means of the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) method, using L-[1-13C]phenylalanine as indicator. Methods: After a 24-hour test diet adaptation, containing randomly assigned amounts of threonine (range 5–182 mg · kg−1 · day−1), the participating neonates received a primed continuous infusion of [13C]bicarbonate and L-[1–13C]phenylalanine. At baseline and during the plateau phase of both infusions, breath samples were obtained for 13CO2. The fractional L-[1-13C]phenylalanine oxidation (F13CO2) was estimated and plotted against the threonine intakes. Biphasic linear regression crossover analysis was used to calculate the breakpoint of the F13CO2, representing the mean threonine requirement. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Results: Thirty-two term neonates (gestational age 39 ± 1 weeks, birth weight 3.3 ± 0.3 kg, mean postnatal age 10 ± 4 days) were studied. The mean threonine requirement was estimated to be 68 mg · kg−1 · day−1 with an upper and lower 95% confidence interval of 104 and 32 mg · kg−1 · day−1, respectively (r2 = 0.37). Conclusions: The determined threonine requirement is extremely close to the existing requirement recommendations (∼90% of the present World Health Organization requirement guidelines). Infant formula preparations presently on the market, however, contain up to twice as much threonine as recommended. The threonine intake in formula-fed infants may therefore be reduced considerably.