Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resistance to the aphids Sitobion avenae and Rhopalosiphum padi in Gramineae in relation to hydroxamic acid levels

Summary Aribiotic resistance to the aphid Sitobion avenae was assessed in relation to levels of hydroxamic acids (Hx) in a wide genetic range of cultivars and species of Triticum. Within hexaploid and tetraploid Triticum material, total plant concentrations of Hx explained a significant proportion of the variation in intrinsic rate of increase (rm) of S. avenae. Significant correlations were also found between resistance to Rhopalosiphum padi and Hx levels. Although the concentrations of Hx in whole plants declined during seedling growth, concentrations of Hx in newly-emerging leaves remained high in plants of all ages, including in the emerging flag leaves of mature plants. When the mean relative growth rate of S. avenae over three days was used instead of rm and the control of environmental conditions was improved, a higher proportion of the variation in aphid performance was explained by Hx concentrations in six cultivars.
Effects of addition of water-filled bladders or volatile fatty acids into the rumen on digesta passage in the dairy cow eating ad libitum

The effects of 2 satiation tests on feed intake pattern (Faverdin et al, 1992) and on digesta passage (this trial) were studied. Four rumen-fistulated cows in mid-lactation (27 kg milk) were successively assigned to 3 treatments: control, VFA infusion and insertion of a 20-1 water-filled bladder (WFB) in the rumen. Each period lasted for 14 d. A pelleted diet (60% dehydrated maize, 30% concentrate, 10% hay) was offered ad libitum once daily. Rumen liquid turnover rate (KI) and volume (vol) were estimated by PEG dilution. Mean retention time (MRT) in the digestive tract of maize particles labelled with Eu was calculated from the quantities (m) of marker excreted in faeces (5m,Retention time of small particles in the rumen (RT) was calculated from the descending part of the curve.
Huntington-Krankheit und Chorea minor

Huntington's disease was an important example for discussing the problem of predictive genetic testing. Like other movement disorders, it includes non-motor symptoms and a prodromal phase. As a rapidly progressive monogenetic disease, it is an important model disease for the study of neurodegenerative pathomechanisms and one of the first movement disorders for which causal therapies seem to be reachable.
Geographic and Temporal Variation in Diet of Wintering White-winged Scoters

Abstract. Quantifying variation in diet over time and space is important for understanding patterns of habitat use in marine birds. Diet composition of adult male White-winged Scoters (Melanitta fusca) was quantified at five study sites in coastal British Columbia and Washington during mid-winter (December) and late winter (February-— March). At four sites where White-winged Scoters fed in nearshore areas, diet varied little between winter periods and birds fed almost exclusively on large infaunal bivalves (≥85% of mean ash-free dry mass of esophagus contents for each season × site combination). The main prey of White-winged Scoters in intertidal foraging areas (N = 3 of 5 study sites) were Varnish clams (Nuttalia obscurata), which were introduced to the region within the last 25 years. At an offshore site, diet consisted mainly of bivalves except during one period when White-winged Scoters had consumed mainly fish, crustaceans, polychaetes and echinoderms. Greater temporal variation in diet at the offshore site may have been an effect of reduced time available to locate preferred prey items and lower predictability of prey distributions owing to this site's greater exposure to wind and waves. However, neither exposure nor water depth received appreciable support in models of the dietary fraction of bivalves across sites and periods. Our results underscore the importance of marine areas with high densities of infaunal bivalves to White-winged Scoters, but also show that White-winged Scoters exhibit flexibility to adjust diet in response to differences in prey composition across habitats.
Phacomatoses, the inheritance of cancer, and somatic mutation

There are many hereditary conditions in which benign or malignant tumour formation occurs as a principal feature. Two of these conditions are recessively inherited and in each case the lesions observed may be explained in terms of current knowledge of the action of the genes. The other conditions are all dominantly inherited, affect specific cell types, and have many general similarities. They include at least three of the phacomatoses as originally defined, and this term by extended to cover all such conditions. The theory that neoplastic lesions in these conditions are an effect of heterozygosity is discussed. The heterozygosity is believed to lead to the establishment of clones of cells which will undergo sequential somatic mutations. Selection for increased mitotic rate or cell survival within these clones will lead to benign or malignant tumour formation.
Developmental Changes in Enzymes of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in the Skins of Red and Green Apple Cultivars

Three enzymes of flavonoid biosynthesis (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone isomerase (CHI) and glycosyltransferase (UFGT)) were assayed during the development of apple (Maluspumila Mill) fruit. Total flavonoid and anthocyanin concentrations were measured (by HPLC) during the same period. The same patterns of change in activity were observed with all three enzymes in both a red (‘Splendour’) and a green-skinned cultivar (‘Granny Smith’). Enzyme activities were high in the immature fruit, decreased during the middle of the season and rose on ripening, activity in ripe fruit was generally not as high as in immature fruit. Total flavonoid concentration correlated with the activity of CHI and UFGT throughout development. In ‘Granny Smith’ there was correlation between flavonoid concentration and PAL but not in ‘Splendour’ except during ripening, when the fruit reddened. In ‘Splendour’ the activity of all three flavonoid enzymes correlated with anthocyanin levels during reddening. At all stages enzyme activity in ‘Splendour’ was several-fold higher than ‘Granny Smith’; daily rates of synthesis of the flavonoids were also much higher.
Clinicopathological Characteristics and Prognostic Factors of Patients with Gastric Cancer Accompanying Neuroendocrine Differentiation (NEDGC)

Aim Gastric carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation (NEDGC) is a relatively rare pathologic diagnosis in clinical practice, which has no specific guidelines or treatment recommendations yet. In this study, we aim to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of this disease. Patients and Methods We retrospectively analyzed clinicopathological data from a series of 82 NEDGC patients who underwent surgery for gastrectomy at Huashan Hospital Fudan University between January 2007 and December 2018. Furthermore, a series of 50 cases were used to analyze 3-year overall survival (OS). Results Ages of the patients ranged from 26 to 83 years (M:F, 4.8:1). The majority of patients suffered from some symptoms (97.6%), as the most common one was abdominal pain (48.8%). Most of the tumors were ≥5 cm (53.7%), in the lower part of the stomach (47.5%), and with advanced T (87.8% ≥T3) and N (67.1% ≥N1) stage. As to the neuroendocrine markers, Syn showed a slight advantage on sensitivity than CgA (79.3 and 75.6%, respectively). The 3-year OS was 54%. Advanced T stage (≥T3) of the primary tumor, positive lymphovascular invasion (LVI), large tumor size (5.5cm), high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR, 2.51), and low prealbumin level (173.87 mg/L) were associated with inferior OS based on the univariate analysis. Low preoperative hemoglobin level (113.87g/L), laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy, and advanced N stage (N3) were three independent risk factors for 3-year OS of NEDGC patients in both univariate and multivariate analysis. Conclusion The TN staging system for gastric adenocarcinoma also has a prognostic value for NEDGC patients, while N3 stage works as an independent predictor of patients’ survival. Since most of the NEDGC patients were in advanced stage, proper indications to perform operative laparoscopy should be selected.
Light attenuation and photosynthesis of aquatic plant communities

We compiled 414 studies from the literature to test if general relationships exist between chlorophyll concentration, light attenuation, and gross photosynthesis across phytoplankton communities, macrophyte stands, and attached microalgal mats. We also evaluated the upper limit to photosynthesis in the various communities. Along with increasing chlorophyll concentration, the photic zone diminishes from >100 m in sparse phytoplankton communities to centimeters‐meters in macrophyte stands to
Craniomandibular Disorders in Pregnant Women: An Epidemiological Survey

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder has been reported to be 1.5 to two times more common in women than men. Such a gender-based difference could be attributed to behavioral, hormonal, anatomical, and psychological characteristics. Physiological hormonal differences between genders could be one of the possible explanations for the higher incidence of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in women. As the plasma level of certain female hormones increases during gestation, it could be assumed that there is a higher prevalence of dysfunctional signs and symptoms in pregnant women. We performed an epidemiological survey based on screening for TMD in a group of 108 pregnant women and found that 72% of young women reported significant signs of TMJ disorders, 9% of the young women reported mild signs of TMJ disorders, and 19% of the included subjects reported no signs or symptoms of TMD. The presence of estrogen receptors in the temporomandibular joint of female baboons could be the basis of an explanation for the increased prevalence of dysfunction in young women reported in the literature and the high feedback we have seen of joint noises in pregnant women. On the basis of the present findings, it could be assumed that gestation period could represent a risk factor for craniomandibular dysfunctions.
Analysis of security and energy efficiency for shortest route discovery in low‐energy adaptive clustering hierarchy protocol using Levenberg‐Marquardt neural network and gated recurrent unit for intrusion detection system

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a collection of a huge number of autonomous sensor nodes having capabilities such as sensing, processing, and manipulation. In any WSN, routing protocols are the backbone for performing all type tasks such as sensing, controlling, and transmission of packets in ubiquitous environment. In this article, a LEACH protocol with Levenberg‐Marquardt neural network (LEACH‐LMNN) is considered to analyze the overall network lifetime. The aim of LEACH‐LMNN protocol comprises two parts: selection of cluster head node using LMNN approach and the second part is to locate the shortest path from the cluster‐head node to base‐station node adopting various route discovery algorithms, that is, breadth‐first search, Bellman‐Ford, and Dijkstra. The simulation result shows that the LEACH‐LMNN protocol with the Dijkstra shortest path algorithm outperforms other route discovery algorithms. In addition to this, this work also analyzes normal and anomaly detection based on intrusion detection system in wireless sensor networks using gated mechanism, that is, long short‐term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) in deep learning models. The proposed model achieves the highest detection rate of 97.84% for GRU and 97.85% for LSTM as well as improves the false positive rate (FPR) of 5.87% and 3.88% FPR for GRU and LSTM, respectively.
Phenolic profile of virgin olive oil from advanced breeding selections

The evaluation of the phenolic composition in advanced selections in breeding programs constitutes the first approach for selecting genotypes with improved olive oil quality. In this work, the influence of genotype and ripening index on the phe nolic profile of olive oils from advanced selections in comparison to their genitors was studied. Fruit samples were collected in genotypes from crosses between ‘Arbequina’ × ‘Picual’, ‘Picual’ × ‘Arbequina’ and ‘Frantoio’ × ‘Picual’ at five dates from 1 st October to 26 th November 2009. Characterization of the phenolic profile was performed by liquid-liquid extraction with 60:40 (v/v) methanol-water and subsequent chromatographic analysis with absorption and fluorescence detection in a sequen tial configuration. A dual effect of genotype and fruit ripening on the phenolic profile has been observed with more pronounced genetic influence in both total (34.73% and 20.45%, respectively) and individual phenols (16.99% to 49.25% and 1.58% to 23.77%, respectively). A higher degree of variability between genotypes at early ripening stages was also observed (p < 0.05). The obtained results allow also the identification of selections with high content of total and individual phenols. These results suggest a strategy based on early harvesting of fruits (at the first three ripening indexes) for better comparison and selection of genotypes in further crosses in olive breeding programs aiming at improving the quality of virgin olive oil. Additional key words: cross-breeding; genetic variability; Olea europaea; phenolic composition; ripening index. Resumen
Selecting from correlated climate variables: a major source of uncertainty for predicting species distributions under climate change

Correlative species distribution models are frequently used to predict species’ range shifts under climate change. However, climate variables often show high collinearity and most statistical approaches require the selection of one among strongly correlated variables. When causal relationships between species presence and climate parameters are unknown, variable selection is often arbitrary, or based on predictive performance under current conditions. While this should only marginally affect current range predictions, future distributions may vary considerably when climate parameters do not change in concert. We investigated this source of uncertainty using four highly correlated climate variables together with a constant set of landscape variables in order to predict current (2010) and future (2050) distributions of four mountain bird species in central Europe. Simulating different parameterization decisions, we generated a) four models including each of the climate variables singly, b) a model taking advantage of all variables simultaneously and c) an un-weighted average of the predictions of a). We compared model accuracy under current conditions, predicted distributions under four scenarios of climate change, and – for one species – evaluated back-projections using historical occurrence data. Although current and future variable-correlations remained constant, and the models’ accuracy under contemporary conditions did not differ, future range predictions varied considerably in all climate change scenarios. Averaged models and models containing all climate variables simultaneously produced intermediate predictions; the latter, however, performed best in back-projections. This pattern, consistent across different modelling methods, indicates a benefit from including multiple climate predictors in ambiguous situations. Variable selection proved to be an important source of uncertainty for future range predictions, difficult to control using contemporary information. Small, but diverging changes of climate variables, masked by constant overall correlation patterns, can cause substantial differences between future range predictions which need to be accounted for, particularly when outcomes are intended for conservation decisions.
Determinants, Risks & Dynamics of Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage

textabstractS. aureus nasal carriage has been identified as the key to preventing S. aureus infections. As stated earlier, to fully exploit this key we will first have to unlock the fundamental mechanisms underlying it. Much research so far has focused on bacterial factors in trying to explain carriage. Often in vitro data could not be corroborated in vivo, not to mention real life. So far, no single common genetic or phenotypic characteristics segregating successful from less- or non-successful colonizing S. aureus strains have been identified. However, lipoteichoic acid and clumping factor B (ClfB) have been implicated as essential bacterial factors for S. aureus nasal colonization recently. Furthermore, most studies on host factors associated with carriage have been performed in the hospital setting. We, therefore, decided to study the host as the main determinant of S. aureus nasal carriage in the community setting.
Review article Pharmacology of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid

Oleanolic acid and ursolic acid are triterpenoid compounds that exist widely in food, medicinal herbs and other plants. This review summarizes the pharmacological studies on these two triterpenoids. Both oleanolic acid and ursolic acid are effective in protecting against chemically induced liver injury in laboratory animals. Oleanolic acid has been marketed in China as an oral drug for human liver disorders. The mechanism of hepatoprotection by these two compounds may involve the inhibition of toxicant activation and the enhancement of the body defense systems. Oleanolic acid and ursolic acid have also been long-recognized to have antiinflammatory and antihyperlipidemic properties in laboratory animals, and more research is warranted to develop a therapy for patients. Recently, both compounds have been noted for their antitumor-promotion effects, which are stimulating additional research in this field. Oleanolic acid and ursolic acid are relatively non-toxic, and have been used in cosmetics and health products. The possible mechanisms for the pharmacological effects and the prospects for these two compounds are discussed.
Toward data anomaly detection for automated structural health monitoring: Exploiting generative adversarial nets and autoencoders

Damage detection is one of the most important tasks for structural health monitoring of civil infrastructure. Before a damage detection algorithm can be applied, the integrity of the data must be ensured; otherwise results may be misleading or incorrect. Indeed, sensor system malfunction, which results in anomalous data (often called faulty data), is a serious problem, as the sensors usually must operate in extremely harsh environments. Identifying and eliminating anomalies in the data is crucial to ensuring that reliable monitoring results can be achieved. Because of the vast amounts of data typically collected by a structural health monitoring system, manual removal of the anomalous data is prohibitive. Machine learning methods have the potential to automate the process of data anomaly detection. Although supervised methods have been proven to be effective for detecting data anomalies, two unresolved challenges reduce the accuracy of anomaly detection: (1) the class imbalance and (2) incompleteness of anomalous patterns of training dataset. Unsupervised methods have the potential to address these challenges, but improvements are required to deal with vast amounts of monitoring data. In this article, the generative adversarial networks are combined with a widely applied unsupervised method, that is, autoencoders, to improve the performance of existing unsupervised learning methods. In addition, the time-series data are transformed to Gramian Angular Field images so that advanced computer vision methods can be included in the network. Two structural health monitoring datasets from a full-scale bridge, including examples of anomalous data caused by sensor system malfunctions, are utilized to validate the proposed methodology. Results show that the proposed methodology can successfully identify data anomalies with good accuracy and robustness, hence can overcome one of the key difficulties in achieving automated structural health monitoring.
Transformation towards Circular Economy (CE) in Municipal Waste Management System: Model Solutions for Poland

Municipal waste management has been an area of special interest for the European Commission (EC) for many years, especially in the transformation process towards a circular economy (CE), which is a priority of the European Union’s (EU’s) economic policy. This paper presents the overview of the Polish waste management system (WMS) and the CE-related tasks indicated in the Polish CE Roadmap. Despite the fact that Poland is one of the countries that generates the least waste per capita (329 kg in 2018) in the EU (489 kg), it still has problems with adapting the levels of municipal waste recycling to European requirements (34.3% in 2018, EU average 47%), which result from the lack of sufficient infrastructure for waste management and the insufficiently developed public awareness and behaviors. The current paper presents an inventory of the recommended actions, which support transformation towards CE in municipal waste management. These actions have been grouped into six core principles of circularity, indicated in the ReSOLVE framework: Regenerate, Share, Optimize, Loop, Virtualize, and Exchange. In each of presented areas, recommended tasks and actions were identified that should be taken by governments and residents themselves, such as landfill remediation, use of selected municipal waste fractions for economic purposes, sharing products with co-users, waste recovery, remanufacturing products or components, virtual solutions in everyday life to reduce the amount of generated waste, or replacement of household appliances by items with a higher energy class. An implementation of specific actions indicated in the paper could positively influence transformation towards CE in Poland. Because the presented examples of actions are model solutions, they can also be used in other countries and regions.
Problems and possibilities of wheat-maize somatic hybridization

Protoplast fusion was performed between mesophyll cells of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and albino maize (Zea mays L.) by polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatments. The parental protoplasts were not able to produce green plants without fusion. The hybrid calli have mixed cytoplasm and regenerated green, maize-like plants, six months after the PEG treatment. The plants were sterile although had both female and male flowers. The RAPD analysis (using total DNA, and three primer combinations) produced bands resembling the wheat profile. The cytological analysis revealed 56 chromosomes in the root tip and callus cells, but intact wheat chromosome was not observed. Genomic in situ hybridization using total wheat DNA as probe revealed the presence of wheat DNA droplets in the maize chromosomal background. The flow cytometrical analysis showed intermediate DNA concentration in hybrid nucleus. Other intermediate morphological traits of plants with hybrid origin were not found. Acta Biol Szeged 46(3-4):11-12 (2002)
Bioactivity Assessment of Water Soluble Calix(4)arene Derivative

The present study deals with the bioactivity assessment of 5,11,17,28-tetrakismorpholinomethyl- 25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxycalix(4)arene (3) against a variety of microorganisms including Gram Positive; Staphylococcus albus ATCC 10231, Streptococcus viridans ATCC 12392, Gram Negative: Bacillus procynous ATCC 51189, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048, Klebsiella aerogenous ATCC 10031, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Sallmonella ATCC 6017 and Fungi: Aspergillus Niger ATCC 16404, Aspergillus fumagatus ATCC 90906, Penicillium ATCC 32333. The antimicrobial activity was found by using a modified disc diffusion method. All microorganisms were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and selective agar media were employed for the growth of microbial strains. Results show that all the tested microorganisms are highly susceptible to compound 3. The MIC of 4 i g/i L and 8 i g/i L was determined against most of the bacterial and fungal strains. The bioactivity of 3 could be a valuable addition in therapeutic index.