Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Etude des méthodes de dissimulation informées de données appliquées aux supports multimédias

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Etude des méthodes de dissimulation informées de données appliquées aux supports multimédias Sofiane Braci
LITERATURA EM MEIO DIGITAL: CULTURA CODIFICADA E "TRANS- RACIONALIDADE"

Propomos que a literatura em meio digital contemporânea possui uma dimensao que chamamos de “trans-racional”, constituida pela codificacao cultural de uma imagem corporal do leitor na mesma materialidade com que se produzem objetos em meio digital. Para isso, visitamos teoricos que analisam como se constroem objetos tecnologicos e digitais e como se recebem desde uma perspectiva fenomenologica. Concluimos que a codificacao cultural do corpo no meio digital torna-se ponto de partida para que autores exercam a sua criatividade.
DIALYSIS ENCEPHALOPATHY IN A NON‐DIALYSED URAEMIC BOY TREATED WITH ALUMINIUM HYDROXIDE ORALLY

Abstract. Nathan, E. and Pedersen, S. E. (Department of Paediatrics, Kolding Hospital, Kolding, Denmark). Dialysis encephalopathy in a non‐dialysed uraemic boy treated with aluminium hydroxide orally. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 793, 1980. —Brain aluminium concentration has been found significantly higher in patients dying with dialysis encephalopathy than in uraemic patients without this syndrome, and it has previously been reported only in haemodialysed patients. We report a case of high brain aluminium concentration in a uraemic boy showing symptoms of severe encephalopathy. He was never dialysed but only treated with aluminium hydroxide orally. Baluarte reported corresponding symptoms in non‐dialysed uraemic children, but brain aluminium concentrations were not reported. His patients as well as ours had very high levels of parathormone which may play a role in the resorption and distribution of aluminium. Aluminium preparations should be avoided in children with renal failure.
Migration in a Socialist Transitional Economy: Heterogeneity, Socioeconomic and Spatial Characteristics of Migrants in China and Guangdong Province 1

The peculiar features of China's socialist transitional economy, including the coexistence of “plan” and “nonplan” mechanisms, the hukou institution, uneven spatial development, and gendered constraints and opportunities, have brought about a high degree of heterogeneity among population movements. Using the 1990 Census data on reasons for migration, and an empirical analysis of both national patterns and migration in Guangdong, I document the socioeconomic characteristics and spatial patterns of major types of migration, focusing on migration for employment in industry and business, male migration due to job transfer, and female marriage migration. I argue that the multitude of migration types, and the contrasts among them, are products of the combination of state-planning and market mechanisms. The findings highlight institutional explanations for migration, and show that the “plan”-“nonplan” dichotomy is more meaningful than the economic-social dichotomy for understanding population movements in China.
Differential effects of D‐amphetamine on red and blue light‐induced photic activation: A novel BOLD fMRI assay of human dopamine function

The neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) is implicated in the pathophysiology of central nervous system (CNS) illnesses including Parkinson's disease, attention deficit disorder, schizophrenia, and substance abuse. A better understanding of CNS DA function would be of importance in improving our understanding of these conditions. Several lines of evidence suggest that exploring visual system function may be a useful paradigm for examining DA function. Clinical and basic science findings suggest that the visual response to blue light might prove a useful assay of CNS DA tone. To test this hypothesis, we used the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) BOLD method to measure visual cortical activation in human subjects (N = 6) in response to 8 Hz flashing red and blue light stimuli during placebo conditions and during the oral administration of 2.5 mg of D‐amphetamine, a drug known to increase synaptic concentrations of DA and other monoamine neurotransmitters. There was no effect of D‐amphetamine administration on the percent BOLD signal change to red or blue light. However, there was a specific augmentation of the spatial extent of activation (as measured by the number of activated pixels; P = 0.018) to blue, but not red light following D‐amphetamine administration. This finding is consistent with our hypothesis that blue light function may have utility as an assay of CNS DA tone. However, several limitations to the study, including the small sample size, low dosage of D‐amphetamine, and the fact that D‐amphetamine increases synaptic concentrations of DA and other monoamine neurotransmitters do not permit a conclusion regarding a specific role for DA in the observed increase in spatial activation to blue light in the amphetamine condition. Synapse 62:268–272, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Detection of Brain Abnormalities in Fetuses with Cleft Lip and/or Cleft Palate

Objective To determine the prevalence of brain abnormalities identified by prenatal imaging of fetuses with cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CUP) or cleft palate only (CP) and to compare with postnatal imaging and neurologic evaluation. Design This was a retrospective review of radiologic images (magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] and sonography) of fetuses diagnosed with CUP or CP at the Advanced Fetal Care Center at Children's Hospital Boston between 2002 and 2008. Images were reviewed for possible brain abnormalities by a pediatric radiologist who specializes in this field. Postnatal imaging was also assessed whenever available and correlated with clinical findings. Setting A large, tertiary-care, academic pediatric hospital. Population One hundred twenty-six fetuses and 105 corresponding infants. Results Brain abnormalities were found in 8 of 126 fetuses (6.3%) by prenatal MRI. The malformations were corpus callosal dysgenesis (n = 3), encephalocele (n = 1), hypoplasia of the cerebellar hemispheres or vermis (n = 3), and white matter neuronal migration anomaly (n = 1). An additional 2 patients were diagnosed with brain abnormalities postnatally that had not been detected on prenatal imaging. Conclusions The possibility of brain anomalies should be assessed in a fetus found to have CUP or CP by sonography and/or MRI. Central nervous system imaging and careful neurodevelopmental follow-up is indicated in these infants.
Impact of Uniaxial Strain on Low-Frequency Noise in Nanoscale PMOSFETs

This letter investigates the low-frequency noise characteristics and reports a new mechanism for uniaxial strained PMOSFETs. Through a comparison of the input-referred noise and the trap density of the gate dielectric/semiconductor interface between co-processed strained and unstrained devices, it is found that the tunneling attenuation length for channel carriers penetrating into the gate dielectric is reduced by uniaxial strain. The reduced tunneling attenuation length may result in smaller input-referred noise, which represents an intrinsic advantage of low-frequency noise performance stemming from process-induced strain.
Cortical Representation of Visual Three-Dimensional Space

Perception of real depth includes information on stereopsis and distance. How both interact in the visual pathway was the subject of a study performed on the behaving monkey. Neurons in the primary visual cortex (area V1) have their activity, visual and/or spontaneous, modulated by the viewing distance. Disparity selectivity may be present or better expressed at a given viewing distance. This modulation is independent of the visual pattern. The use of prisms shows that vergence is implicated in this phenomenon. Consequently, extraretinal signals related to ocular motility have access to area V1. Among them, proprioceptive signals from the eye muscles have been shown to be involved in visual cortical function and in the development of depth perception. It is possible that the same signals may also be involved in the distance modulation shown in V1 neurons, but this remains to be examined. A possible specialisation of disparity-selective cells in different cortical areas is discussed.
Recommendations for the Medical Management of Osteoarthrits of the Hip and Knee

Members of the Subcommittee on Osteoarthritis Guidelines arc as follows. Roy D. Altman, MD: Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Marc C. Hochberg, MD, MPH: University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Roland W. Moskowitz, MD: Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Thomas J. Schnitzer, MD, PhD: Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois.
Filaggrin loss‐of‐function variants are associated with atopic comorbidity in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease

Background: Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has a high prevalence of coexistent atopy. Filaggrin (FLG) loss‐of‐function variants (null‐alleles) are associated with eczema and asthma in association with eczema. The aim was to assess the contribution of FLG null‐alleles to pediatric IBD susceptibility and to coexistent atopy (eczema, asthma, allergic rhinitis, or food allergy). Methods: FLG variants (R501X and 2282del4) were genotyped in 403 children with IBD, 683 parents, and 996 population controls. Results: In all, 11% of IBD patients carried at least 1 FLG null‐allele compared to 11% of population controls (P > 0.4). Carriage of 1 or more null‐alleles in patients with atopy (present in 52% of IBD patients) differed from IBD patients without atopy (14% versus 6%, P = 0.01; odds ratio [OR] 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–5.1). The effect of FLG null‐alleles was strongest for eczema (19% versus 7%, P = 0.0003; OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.7–6.6) and food allergy (28% versus 8%, P = 0.0001; OR 4.5, 95% CI 2.0–10.0). The presence of more than 1 atopic disease tended to increase the associated OR: eczema + asthma (23% versus 7%, P = 0.001; OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.6–9.1), eczema + asthma + allergic rhinitis (29% versus 7%, P = 0.0006; OR 5.4, 95% CI 1.9–15.4) and eczema + asthma + allergic rhinitis + food allergy (45% versus 6%, P < 10−4; OR 12.2, 95% CI 3.2–46.3). Logistic regression analysis of IBD cases confirmed the association of carriage of an FLG null‐allele with atopy (P = 0.01; OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2–5.1) and co‐occurrence of different forms of atopy (P = 0.003; OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.5–8.1). Conclusions: Filaggrin null‐alleles have no effect on IBD susceptibility but contribute to coexistent eczema and food allergy. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2009)
Effect of corticosteroids and eicosapentaenoic acid/docosahexaenoic acid on pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant status and metabolism of essential fatty acids in patients with glomerular disorders.

It is known that the concentrations of essential fatty acids and their metabolites including eicosanoids, free radicals and anti-oxidants are altered in glomerular disorders. Both corticosteroids and n-3 fatty acids--eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (EPA and DHA respectively)--are useful in the management of glomerular disorders. In the present study, the altered plasma concentrations of lipid peroxides, nitric oxide and the metabolites of essential fatty acids and anti-oxidants--superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and vitamin E--in the RBC membranes of patients with glomerular disorders (nephrotic syndrome) reverted to normalcy following corticosteroids or EPA/DHA administration. This suggests that the beneficial actions of corticosteroids and EPA/DHA in glomerular disorders can be attributed to their action on the pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant concentrations and metabolism of essential fatty acids.
The Stanmore total shoulder replacement.

Painful limitation of movement of the glenohumeral joint is most commonly the result of disorders of the pericapsular soft-tissues rather than the articular surfaces of the joint and treatment by operation is rarely required. There is nevertheless a small number of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, avascular necrosis of the humerus or primary or post-traumatic arthritis of the glenohumeral joint with disabling pain and limited movement in whom prosthetic replacement is justified. Since the introduction of the Stanmore shoulder replacement in 1 969 (Lettin and Scales 1972) only 50 replacements have been performed by one of us (AWFL). The early results of the first 1 0 replacements were reported in 1973 (Lettin and Scales 1973) and since that time the short-term results of a variety of different prostheses have been reported. Coughlin, Morris and West (1 979) have also reported on their experience with the Stanmore prosthesis. There has so far been no long-term analysis of a significant number of shoulder replacements.
The role of efflux pump and other mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance to (fluoro)quinolones in epidemic isolates of Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Kentucky and Salmonella Infantis.

This paper briefly describes mechanisms of resistance to fluoroquinolones in several worldwide distributed Salmonella clones. The isolates have acquired multiple resistance traits over the years due to extensive antibiotic treatment both in human and veterinary medicine. Except for the Salmonella Typhimuirum DT104 where efflux pump appears to play a major role in resistance to (fluoro)quinolones, in other serovars mutations on topoisomerase genes seem to firstly occur and have been primary mechanisms of resistance. Plasmid borne resistance is rarely detected but because of horizontal gene transfer needs to be recorded. Understanding the genetic events at the molecular level is crucial in epidemiology work and provides insight in spreading of resistance clones of Salmonella.
THE FACTORY AND THE BEEHIVE. II. ACTIVITY AND ROTATION IN PRAESEPE AND THE HYADES

Open clusters are collections of stars with a single, well-determined age, and can be used to investigate the connections between angular-momentum evolution and magnetic activity over a star's lifetime. We present the results of a comparative study of the relationship between stellar rotation and activity in two benchmark open clusters: Praesepe and the Hyades. As they have the same age and roughly solar metallicity, these clusters serve as an ideal laboratory for testing the agreement between theoretical and empirical rotation–activity relations at ≈600 Myr. We have compiled a sample of 720 spectra—more than half of which are new observations—for 516 high-confidence members of Praesepe; we have also obtained 139 new spectra for 130 high-confidence Hyads. We have also collected rotation periods (Prot) for 135 Praesepe members and 87 Hyads. To compare Hα emission, an indicator of chromospheric activity, as a function of color, mass, and Rossby number Ro, we first calculate an expanded set of χ values, with which we can obtain the Hα to bolometric luminosity ratio, LHα/Lbol, even when spectra are not flux-calibrated and/or stars lack reliable distances. Our χ values cover a broader range of stellar masses and colors (roughly equivalent to spectral types from K0 to M9), and exhibit better agreement between independent calculations, than existing values. Unlike previous authors, we find no difference between the two clusters in their Hα equivalent width or LHα/Lbol distributions, and therefore take the merged Hα and Prot data to be representative of 600 Myr old stars. Our analysis shows that Hα activity in these stars is saturated for . Above that value activity declines as a power-law with slope , before dropping off rapidly at Ro ≈ 0.4. These data provide a useful anchor for calibrating the age–activity–rotation relation beyond 600 Myr.
Current Status of Endovascular Therapy of Cerebral Berry Aneurysms

Autopsy reports have shown that cerebral aneurysms are present in roughly 5% of population [1-3]. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is the most serious presentation of ruptured cerebral aneurysms. Estimated annual incidence of non-traumatic SAH ranges from 2 to 23 cases per 100,000, which translates to 6,500 to 74,000 annual cases of SAH in the United States. Approximately 80% of non-traumatic SAH cases are due to ruptured cerebral aneurysms [4-7]. Untreated ruptured cerebral aneurysms are associated with a high mortality and a risk of rebleeding [8]. The case fatality of cerebral aneurysm rupture is high (from 27% to 44%), but has decreased during the past 3 decades due to continuous improvements in patient management strategies [9].
Functional feeding responses of coyotes, Canis latrans, to fluctuating prey abundance in the Curlew Valley, Utah, 1977-1993

We investigated interactions between coyotes (Canis latrans Say, 1823) and prey in the Curlew Valley, Utah, by comparing prey abundances with prey consumption rates. Previous studies reported a cyclic trend in black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus Gray, 1837) density with a period of 10 years and >150-fold amplitude, as well as short-term fluctuations among some rodent species that exceeded an 8-fold difference in amplitude over 2 years. Our results suggest changes in coyote diets mainly reflect the fluctuations in jackrabbit abundance. Prey switching to rodents during periods of low jackrabbit abundance also was evident. We used the initial feeding pattern analysis to compare prey consumption rates to prey abundance. Coyotes demonstrated a type II (hyperbolic) functional feeding response to changes in jackrabbit abundance. Functional feeding responses to rodent abundances were more difficult to assess because of the strong influence of jackrabbits. In most comparisons, we visually detected a linear.
An integrated approach for healthcare planning over multi-dimensional data using long-term prediction

The mining of temporal aspects over multi-dimensional data is increasingly critical for healthcare planning tasks. A healthcare planning task is, in essence, a classification problem over health-related attributes across temporal horizons. The increasingly integration of healthcare data through multi-dimensional structures triggers new opportunities for an adequate long-term planning of resources within and among clinical, pharmaceutical, laboratorial, insurance and e-health providers. However, the flexible nature and random occurrence of health records claim for the ability to deal with both structural attribute-multiplicity and arbitrarily-high temporal sparsity. For this purpose, two solutions using different structural mappings are proposed: an adapted multi-label classifier over denormalized tabular data and an adapted multiple timepoint classifier over multivariate sparse time sequences. This work motivates the problem of long-term prediction in healthcare, and places key requirements and principles for its accurate and efficient solution.
Characterization of dynamic and steady‐state protein phosphorylation using a fluorescent phosphoprotein gel stain and mass spectrometry

Protein phosphorylation plays a vital role in the regulation of most aspects of cellular activity, being key to propagating messages within signal transduction pathways and to modulating protein function. Pro‐Q® Diamond phosphoprotein gel stain is suitable for the fluorescence detection of phosphoserine‐, phosphothreonine‐, and phosphotyrosine‐containing proteins directly in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)‐polyacrylamide gels. The technology is especially appropriate for profiling steady‐state and dynamic phosphorylation on a proteome‐wide scale, as demonstrated through detection of the native phosphorylation of cardiac mitochondrial phosphoproteins and changes in this profile arising from the activity of a protein kinase. For example, Pro‐Q Diamond phosphoprotein gel stain was employed to demonstrate that among the 46 subunits of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex, NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I), a 42 kDa subunit is phosphorylated in the steady‐state. However, exposure of mitochondria to cAMP‐dependent protein kinase increases phosphorylation of this 42 kDa subunit and results in de novo phosphorylation of an 18 kDa subunit as well. Since Pro‐Q Diamond dye binds to phosphorylated residues noncovalently, the staining technology is fully compatible with modern microchemical analysis procedures, such as peptide mass profiling by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry and post‐source decay analysis of peptide phosphorylation.
Tobacco smoking, harm reduction, and biomarkers.

The only known way to reduce cancer risk in smokers is complete cessation, but many smokers are unable or unwilling to quit. Consequently, tobacco companies are now marketing products that purport to reduce carcinogen exposure, with the implication that such products provide a safer way to smoke. Moreover, researchers are exploring ways to reduce the amount of cigarette smoke carcinogens to which the smokers are exposed. Although these methods are, in theory beneficial, it is possible that the perceived availability of "safe" ways to smoke will cause some former smokers to resume smoking and some current smokers to delay quitting. Thus, the extent of exposure reduction and the impact on public health of these methods need to be considered carefully. However, risk reduction and its relation to exposure are not simple to estimate. The way people smoke and the way they respond to carcinogen exposure are both highly variable, as evidenced by the previous history of smokers who switched to light, or low-tar cigarettes. This can actually increase risk in some smokers. The evaluation of exposure reduction will therefore need to be multidisciplinary and include in vitro cell culture studies, animal studies, human clinical studies, and epidemiologic studies. Biomarkers will be critical for rapidly evaluating the effects of new strategies or products to reduce exposure to tobacco smoke carcinogens. No single biomarker will likely satisfy our assessment needs, and so a panel of biomarkers should be used that includes biomarkers of exposure, biologically effective dose, and potential harm. In addition, usefulness of new products will need to be tested in people of different susceptibilities (i.e., who vary in behavior, sex, age, genetics, and prior tobacco use). Even if the new products are shown to be effective at reducing lung carcinogens, they should not be used alone but rather be incorporated into a comprehensive tobacco control program.