Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Noncomplementary Active Clamp Flyback Control Technique

This paper proposes an innovative non-complementary control method for an active clamp flyback converter. The proposed method recovers the leakage inductance energy and achieves soft switching for all the switches, while obtaining a lower RMS current compared to previous complementary or noncomplementary active clamp flyback control methods. In order to improve power density while reducing the profile of the transformer, a planar transformer with PCB-litz windings is developed for this converter.
Identification of DNA and glutathione adducts in male Sprague–Dawley rats exposed to 1-bromopropane

ABSTRACT Occupational exposure of workers to 1-bromopropane (1-BP) has raised concerns in industry for many years. Despite the known toxicity of this chemical, molecular events attributed to exposure to 1-BP have not been extensively studied. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of 1-BP exposure on adduct formation with DNA and glutathione (GSH) in male Sprague–Dawley rats in an attempt to determine the early stages of toxicity. Following 6 h after either single or daily exposure to 1-BP for 3 days, N7-propyl guanine and S-propyl GSH were quantified in several organs by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results showed that N7-propyl guanine was maximally formed in liver followed by spleen, testes, and lung in both dose- and time-dependent manners. However, DNA adduct was not detected in cardiac tissue. In the case of S-propyl GSH, this compound was formed in the following order in various organs: liver > testes > spleen > kidney > lung > heart. In a subsequent in vitro study, formation of N7-propyl guanine initiated by 1-BP in calf thymus DNA was not markedly affected by addition of liver homogenates, which indicated that this chemical may be acting as a direct alkylating agent. In contrast, an in vitro study with free GSH demonstrated that 1-BP reduced GSH and elevated production of S-propyl GSH, and that the production of this adduct was significantly higher in the presence of active liver homogenates. Data indicated that formation of GSH adducts initiated by 1-BP might be associated with an enzyme-driven process. Although further characterization is necessary, it would appear that N7-propyl guanine and S-propyl GSH might serve as useful markers in cases of exposure assessment of 1-BP.
Guidelines for Monitoring and Management of Pediatric Patients Before, During, and After Sedation for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures

The safe sedation of children for procedures requires a systematic approach that includes the following: no administration of sedating medication without the safety net of medical/dental supervision, careful presedation evaluation for underlying medical or surgical conditions that would place the child at increased risk from sedating medications, appropriate fasting for elective procedures and a balance between the depth of sedation and risk for those who are unable to fast because of the urgent nature of the procedure, a focused airway examination for large (kissing) tonsils or anatomic airway abnormalities that might increase the potential for airway obstruction, a clear understanding of the medication’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects and drug interactions, appropriate training and skills in airway management to allow rescue of the patient, age- and size-appropriate equipment for airway management and venous access, appropriate medications and reversal agents, sufficient numbers of appropriately trained staff to both carry out the procedure and monitor the patient, appropriate physiologic monitoring during and after the procedure, a properly equipped and staffed recovery area, recovery to the presedation level of consciousness before discharge from medical/dental supervision, and appropriate discharge instructions. This report was developed through a collaborative effort of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry to offer pediatric providers updated information and guidance in delivering safe sedation to children.
A Vector-based EEG Signal Feature Extraction Technique for BCI Applications

Brain Computer Interface (BCI) systems offer the ability to effect actuations in the users environment, bypassing the neuro-muscular pathway. The optimal functioning of BCI systems is predicated on two important aspects of the analysis pipeline - informative feature extraction and accurate classification. We propose a simple yet distinct approach to perform the former using a vector-based treatment of signal data and covariance matrices. Our results show a comparable level of performance to certain variants of CSP algorithm. We also present the optimal classifier parameters obtained after parameter-tuning of certain standard classifier models over the BCI Competition III, data-set IVa.
Impact of armed conflict on cardiovascular disease risk: a systematic review

Objectives Prolonged armed conflict may constrain efforts to address non-communicable disease in some settings. We assessed the impact of armed conflict on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among civilians in low/middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods In February 2019, we performed a systematic review searching Medline, Embase, PsychINFO, Global Health and Web of Science without language or date restrictions. We included adult, civilian populations in LMICs. Outcomes included CVDs and diabetes, and eight clinical and behavioural factors (blood pressure, blood glucose, lipids, tobacco, alcohol, body mass index, nutrition, physical activity). We systematically reanalysed data from original papers and presented them descriptively. Results Sixty-five studies analysed 23 conflicts, and 66% were of low quality. We found some evidence that armed conflict is associated with an increased coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular and endocrine diseases, in addition to increased blood pressure, lipids, alcohol and tobacco use. These associations were more consistent for mortality from chronic ischaemic heart disease or unspecified heart disease, systolic blood pressure and tobacco use. Associations between armed conflict and other outcomes showed no change, or had mixed or uncertain evidence. We found no clear patterning by conflict type, length of follow-up and study quality, nor strong evidence for publication bias. Conclusions Armed conflict may exacerbate CVDs and their risk factors, but the current literature is somewhat inconsistent. Postconflict reconstruction efforts should deliver low-resource preventative interventions through primary care to prevent excess CVD-related morbidity and mortality. PROSPERO registration number CRD42017065722
Escalators, Rubber Clogs, and Severe Foot Injuries in Children

Background Reports in the media suggest that escalator-related foot injuries are on the rise. Trendy, bright-colored rubber clogs have been implicated in a significant number of these incidents involving children. We review the children who sustained severe foot injuries on escalators, were wearing rubber clogs at the time of injury, and who were admitted to hospital for emergency surgery. Methods A list of children who sustained foot injuries on escalators was generated from the hospital database and included for study. From clinical chart review, demographic data, footwear type, and injuries sustained were recorded. Inpatient or outpatient treatment rendered was also recorded for each patient. Results Between September 2006 and September 2008, we treated 17 children for escalator-related foot injuries. There were 10 boys and 7 girls who were between 2 and 9 years of age (mean: 5.5). Thirteen children (76.5%) from this group were wearing rubber clogs at the time of injury. Nine of these 13 (69.2%) children sustained severe foot injuries that required admission to hospital for emergency surgery and are the focus of this study. One child had an unsalvageable traumatic amputation of the great toe at the level of the interphalangeal joint. Two children sustained crush injuries to the great toe: 1 with severe degloving and the other with an open fracture of the proximal phalanx. One child had an open fracture-dislocation of the second metatarsophalangeal joint with a comminuted fracture of the second metatarsal. Five children sustained multiple deep lacerations in the foot and 2 of them had associated cut tendons that required repair. In the group not wearing rubber clogs, 3 of 4 children had severe foot injuries. In this series, 4 children with rubber clogs and another child with a different footwear sustained minor injuries; they were treated as outpatients. Conclusions Escalator-related foot injuries involving rubber clogs can result in severe crushing of the foot and even traumatic amputation. The broad toe-box design may give a false perception of the distance between the foot and the side of the escalator, whereas the ‘softness’ of these rubber clogs makes them vulnerable to crush by moving escalator steps. This is the first report in the literature describing escalator-related severe foot injuries in children who were wearing rubber clogs. Injuries sustained can be significant and permanent. The potential dangers of escalators and rubber clogs must not be underestimated. Level of Evidence Level IV, Case Series.
An Optimal Control Algorithm of Capacitor Voltage Balancing for Modular Multilevel Converter

Voltage-balancing is the prerequisite of Modular multilevel Converter (MMC) in normal Operation. In this paper, a sub-module capacitor voltage equalization algorithm is proposed. Compared with traditional sub-module voltage sorting algorithm, this scheme ensures the balance of sub-module capacitor voltage and has a strong dynamic regulation ability. Also, it avoids the problem of complex tuning of multiple controller parameters in the traditional control algorithm. In addition, the algorithm not only improves the utilization ratio of DC voltage, reduces the switching loss and output harmonic, but also greatly reduces the computation and the resource occupation of the digital controller only by requires a simple operation of addition, subtraction and shift when the sector judgement and vector action time are calculated. Consequently, a three-phase three-level low-power MMC experimental platform is built. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has good dynamic and steady-state performance for MMC system.
A Simple Analytical Technique for Evaluating the 2-D Conductive Losses in Isolated Rectangular Conductor

Due to the skin and proximity effect, the conductive losses of rectangular conductor under high frequency working conditions increase. And the conventional one-dimensional model, which is currently used for calculating the conductive losses of rectangular conductor, leads to a considerable error due to the ignorance of edge effect. To eliminate the error, this paper proposes a simple technique for evaluating the AC losses of isolated rectangular conductor including edge effects based on two-dimensional simulation results. The proposed technique is based on introducing a set of 2-D skin factors formulas to account for the two-dimensional skin effect. The finite element simulation and experimental results suggest the proposed technique a more effective and simple method for the AC losses calculation of the isolated rectangular conductor.
Neonatal Bisphenol A Exposure Affects the IgM Humoral Immune Response to 4T1 Breast Carcinoma Cells in Mice

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor of estrogenic nature. During the early stages of development, any exposure to BPA can have long-term effects. In this work, we study the potential alterations to the humoral antitumor immune (IgM) response in adult life after a single neonatal exposure to BPA. Female syngeneic BALB/c mice were exposed to a single dose of BPA of 250 μg/kg. Once sexual maturity was reached, a breast tumor was induced. After 25 days, the serum was obtained, and the populations of B cells in the spleen and lymph nodes were analyzed by flow cytometry. The reactivity of IgM was evaluated by 2D immunoblots. No significant changes were found in the B cell populations in the peripheral lymph nodes and the spleen. The level of ERα expression was not significantly different. However, the IgM reactivity was affected. In individuals treated with BPA, a decrease in the number of IgMs that recognize tumor antigens was observed. The possibility that these antibodies are the high affinity products of the adaptive response is discussed. The recognition of IgG was also evaluated but a null recognition was found in the controls as in the individuals treated with the 4T1 cells.
Cell Adhesion-Mediated Actomyosin Assembly Regulates the Activity of Cubitus Interruptus for Hematopoietic Progenitor Maintenance in Drosophila

The actomyosin network is involved in crucial cellular processes including morphogenesis, cell adhesion, apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, and collective cell migration in Drosophila, Caenorhabditis elegans, and mammals. Here, we demonstrate that Drosophila larval blood stem-like progenitors require actomyosin activity for their maintenance. Genetic loss of the actomyosin network from progenitors caused a decline in their number. Likewise, the progenitor population increased upon sustained actomyosin activation via phosphorylation by Rho-associated kinase. We show that actomyosin positively regulates larval blood progenitors by controlling the maintenance factor Cubitus interruptus (Ci). Overexpression of the maintenance signal via a constitutively activated construct (ci.HA) failed to sustain Ci-155 in the absence of actomyosin components like Zipper (zip) and Squash (sqh), thus favoring protein kinase A (PKA)-independent regulation of Ci activity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a change in cortical actomyosin assembly mediated by DE-cadherin modulates Ci activity, thereby determining progenitor status. Thus, loss of cell adhesion and downstream actomyosin activity results in desensitization of the progenitors to Hh signaling, leading to their differentiation. Our data reveal how cell adhesion and the actomyosin network cooperate to influence patterning, morphogenesis, and maintenance of the hematopoietic stem-like progenitor pool in the developing Drosophila hematopoietic organ.
Topology-Optimization-Based Conductor Pattern Design for Inductance Cancellation Structure to Reduce Common- and Differential-Mode Noise

Topology optimization, a simulation-based optimization technique to mathematically derive an optimal structure, is applied to the conductor design of an inductance cancellation structure to reduce common-and differential-mode noise. The design of an appropriate conductor pattern for an inductance cancellation structure is difficult due to the unintentional magnetic couplings between the multiple loops mounted to cancel the parasitic inductances of X and Y capacitors. In topology optimization, this design problem is formulated as an optimization problem and an optimal structure is obtained by repeated modification of the conductor pattern using mathematical programming. The performance of circuit boards before and after optimization is evaluated using mixed-mode s-parameters. Both simulation and experimental measurement verify that the effect of inductance cancellation is improved by this optimization.
Complexity and dynamic characteristics of a new discrete-time hyperchaotic model

Based on two of the existing one-dimensional chaotic maps and the two-dimensional Hénon map, a new two-dimensional Hénon-Gaussian-Sine model (2D-HGSM) is proposed. Basic dynamic characteristics of the 2D-HGSM are studied from the following three aspects: trajectory, bifurcation diagram and Lyapunov exponents. The complexity of 2D-HGSM is investigated by means of Approximate entropy. Performance evaluations show that the 2D-HGSM has higher complexity level, better ergodicity, wider chaotic and hyperchaotic region than different chaotic maps. Furthermore, the 2D-HGSM exhibits a qualitatively different chaotic behavior with respect to the variation of its corresponding parameters. Therefore, the 2D-HGSM has good application prospects in secure communication.
Intervention of the Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Type B Receptors of the Amygdala Central Nucleus on the Sensitivity of the Morphine-Induced Conditionally Preferred Location in Wistar Female Rats

Background The amygdala is one of the nerve centers involved in drug reward. It is suggested that the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is involved in morphine dependency. The CeA gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic (GABAergic) system is a mediator of morphine rewarding effects. In this research, the effects of stimulation or inhibition of CeA GABA type B (GABAB) receptors on sensitization acquisition to morphine-induced reward was evaluated in Wistar female rats using conditioned place preferential (CPP) method. Methods Wistar female rats provided by Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran, were allocated into 17 groups including 7 groups of determining morphine dose-response, 2 groups of sensitivity and control, and 8 groups of different doses of agonists and antagonists in the acquisition stage (n = 7 in each group). Various quantities of morphine (0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 mg/kg of animal weight) were used to determine the effective and neutral doses of morphine. After 5 days from the start of the surgery, sensitization was induced. After the end of the sensitization period, CPP was conducted. Baclofen and CGP35348, as an agonist and antagonist of GABAB respectively, with the dose of 1.5, 6 and 12 μg/rat were inserted to the CeA, ten minutes before taking morphine. Findings Administration of baclofen had no significant effect on the acquisition of morphine sensitization. In contrast, injection of CGP35348 reduced the sensitivity to morphine. Conclusion GABA receptors can be effective in reducing morphine tendency by specific receptors, so these sites can be important therapeutic targets in counteracting the effects of drug abuse.
An Integrated and Galvanically Isolated DC-to-15.3 MHz Hybrid Current Sensor

A wide-bandwidth galvanically isolated current sensor in a 180 nm CMOS technology is presented. It combines two sensing principles for the contactless and lossless current measurement in power electronic applications. A dedicated vertical Hall sensor (low frequencies) and an integrated helix-shaped Rogowski coil (high frequencies) enable to measure currents in any power line under the chip from DC up to 15.3 MHz, which exceeds prior art by 5x. Both sensing concepts are fully integrated on one microchip without the need for any kind of magnetics or post-processing. The wide bandwidth results in fast transient properties, verified by an IGBT double pulse measurement of current pulses with an amplitude of 60 A and slew rates up to 1 kA/μs. A sensitivity of 3.1 mV/A is achieved.
A Millimeter-Wave AlGaN/GaN HEMT Fabricated With Transitional-Recessed-Gate Technology for High-Gain and High- Linearity Applications

A high-linearity and high-gain AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with a 100-nm gate were demonstrated. The device employs transitional recessed gate (TRG) along the gate width for millimeter wave power application. The gradually changing gate recess depth was created using transitional dosed photoetching. Accurate etching ensured that the FET-elements have a continued <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{V}_{\mathrm {ts}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> offset in the local equivalent threshold voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{V}_{\mathrm {th}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) in different areas. The device exhibits a high <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{I}_{\mathrm {d,max}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 1.12 A/mm and a high peak extrinsic <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{g}_{\mathrm {m}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 374 mS/mm with an improved gate swing >2.6 V, much higher than that of Fin-HEMT. Excellent RF performance was shown, including <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{f}_{\mathrm {T}}/\text{f}_{\mathrm {max}} =61.8$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/148.8 GHz, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{G}_{\mathrm {as}}/\text{G}_{\mathrm {linear}} = {9.98}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/ 12dB at 30 GHz. To the best of our knowledge, this is the best associated gain and linearity performance reported to date for AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. This letter has great potential for high gain and linearity millimeter wave power applications, which are needed for future communication systems.
Hydrophase ferritization activation in Fe2+-Ni2+-SO42--OH− system

The work studies influence of ultrasonic treatment (US) and glow discharge (GD) on ferritization process in Fe2+-Ni2+-SO42-OH− system. Samples phase composition is studied with a help of X-ray diffraction and electronic microscopy. On the basis of X-ray diffraction and microscopic analysis revealed the disperse and phase composition of the and the precipitate, and its dependence on the conditions of preparation. The powder obtained with a help of glow discharge processing has more crystallinity and is finer. Also, the work reveals the influence of major factors on ferritization. It was found that the speed of the process is higher when glow discharge method is used. While intensifying factors used initial pH, temperature and treatment time have similar nature.
Treatment of Common Mental Disorders in the United States: Results From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III.

OBJECTIVE This study analyzed past 12-month disorder-specific mental health treatment patterns of common DSM-5 disorders in the United States. METHODS Nationally representative face-to-face household survey data from structured diagnostic interviews of the 2012-2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III) (n = 36,309) were used to estimate percentages of respondents with 12-month DSM-5 mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders who received disorder-specific treatment during the 12 months before the interview. RESULTS The percentage receiving treatment was highest for mood disorders (37.8%; 95% CI, 36.1%-39.6%), followed by anxiety disorders (24.1%; 95% CI, 22.6%-25.6%), and lowest for substance use disorders (18.8%; 95% CI, 17.8%-19.8%). Among anxiety disorders, panic disorder (47.9%; 95% CI, 43.9%-52.0%) had the highest treatment rate, and among substance use disorders, tobacco use disorder (20.3%; 95% CI, 19.0%-21.7%) had the highest treatment rate. Adults with mood and anxiety disorders (53.1%; 95% CI, 49.7%-56.4%) were more likely than those with only mood (32.0%; 95% CI, 29.5%-34.6%) or only anxiety (13.2%; 95% CI, 11.6%-15.0%) disorders to receive any mental health treatment. Lack of insurance coverage was associated with significantly lower odds of treatment for all disorders except specific phobia (0.55; 95% CI, 0.30-1.03), drug use disorders other than tobacco (0.80; 95% CI, 0.47-1.36), and alcohol use disorder (1.52; 95% CI, 1.12-2.07). CONCLUSIONS Most adults with common mental disorders in the United States were not treated for their disorders, and treatment rates varied considerably across disorders and sociodemographic groups, with particularly low rates of treatment for substance use disorders. Policy and clinical interventions are needed to promote greater access to treatment of adults with common substance use, anxiety, and mood disorders.