Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Construct and evaluate the classification models of six types of geological hazards in Bijie city, Guizhou province, China

Abstract. Debris flow, landslide, ground collapse, collapse and ground collapse are the dominating geological hazards in Bijie city, Guizhou province, which is situated in the area with high natural hazards in China. The primary purpose of this study is to construct different classification models by using the disaster conditioning factors of geological hazards and to evaluate the performance of the models in the classification of geological hazards in Bijie city. At the same time, the nonlinear relationship between various geological hazards and conditioning factors will be discussed. Firstly, the manual field survey data of Bijie city in 2019 were applied to construct and draw inventory map of six geological hazards. Then 16 conditioning factors were established from various data sources. According to the ratio of 70:30, the geological hazard location points were randomly divided into the training and validation set to complete the training and verification process of the classification models. In order to select the optimal subset of the conditioning factors, the multicollinearity of these factors was assessed using tolerances and variance inflation factors(VIF) and Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and factors with multicollinearity were excluded to optimize the model. Subsequently, ten classification models were structured, and the models were verified and compared by using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC), precision, sensitivity, Kappa coefficient and F1 values.In addition, the Friedman test was used to identify statistically significant differences between the results of the classification model used in this research. In general, average Area Under Curve (AUC) values under the ROC curves of the 10 classification models is above 0.8, indicating that all models have a corresponding high prediction ability. Among them, the average AUC value(0.941), AUC values for individual geological hazards (collapse: 0.949, ground crack: 0.907, ground collapse: 0.952, landslide: 0.830, displacement flow: 0.963, slope: 0.922), Kappa coefficient (0.845), Macro F1(0.851) and Micro F1(0.878) of SVM all had the highest values.
International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies (IJMBS)

Introduction: Cigarette smoking induces many chronic illnesses, but in developed countries it is a preventable risk factor. However, by increasing the protective protection mechanism, it may be possible to alleviate the smoke-induced damage. As smoking risk is minimised by vitamin C intake, it is recommended that smokers should take more vitamin C. This inverse correlation between both vitamin C intake and serum levels and smoking was independent of age, sex, body weight, ethnicity, and consumption of alcoholic beverages. The negative association between cigarette smoking and serum vitamin C levels continued, following further adjustment for dietary vitamin C intake. The risk of severe hypovitaminosis C, especially when not accompanied by vitamin supplementation, has been increased in smokers. These data indicate that the inverse relationship between smoking and serum vitamin C levels exists independently of dietary intake, while smoking adversely affects preferences for vitamin C rich foods. Methods: A survey method was performed, with 50 smokers (S) receiving either 500 mg of vitamin C or placebo (P) daily for 4 weeks, and 50 non-smokers receiving vitamin C without supplementation. All finished the hearing. Both groups were equal and C: 14.2 + /1.8 pack-years was the amount of cigarettes smoked. Concentrations of plasma vitamin C increased significantly (p < 0.005) only in the vitamin C supplement community. Results: At SMHRC Hospital Nagpur, we examined the relationship between smoking and vitamin C status, dietary and serum vitamin C levels of 100 participants. Smokers of 20 cigarettes a day had the lowest dietary intake of vitamin C and serum levels, whereas smokers of 1-19 cigarettes a day had lower intake of vitamin C and serum levels (compared to respondents who had never smoked. This inverse correlation between vitamin C and smoking intake and serum levels was independent of age, sex, body weight, race, and consumption of alcoholic beverages. The negative association between cigarette smoking and serum vitamin C levels continued, following further adjustment for dietary vitamin C intake. In smokers, the risk of severe hypo-vitaminosis C, particularly when not accompanied by vitamin supplementation, has increased. Conclusion: These data indicate that the inverse relationship between smoking and serum vitamin C levels exists independently of dietary intake, while smoking adversely affects preferences for vitamin C rich foods. A balanced diet for smokers will obtain a hearty recommendation at this time, but guidelines should remain cautious about high-dose nutrition supplements.
Kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies for phosphate adsorption on aluminum hydroxide modified palygorskite nano-composites

The objectives of this study were to synthesize aluminum hydroxide modified palygorskite nano-composites (Al–PG) and to investigate their suitability as adsorbents to remove phosphate from aqueous solution. The nano-composites were characterized by XRD, XRF and TEM. The characterization results showed that aluminum hydroxide gel was successfully loaded onto palygorskites (PGs) with diameters of nanometers, and the crystal composition of PG had not been changed after modification. The effects of modified mass ratios, pH, co-existing anions, and initial phosphate concentrations on phosphate removal were investigated by batch experiments. The Freundlich model provided a better description for the adsorption process than the Langmuir model. The maximum phosphate adsorption capacity was 16.86 mg g−1 for Al–PG, while it was 4.08 mg g−1 for natural PG. Of the adsorption isotherms and thermodynamic studies considered, the adsorption of phosphate by Al–PG was chemisorption, endothermic and spontaneous. Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption of phosphate onto Al–PG can be fitted by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model very well. Thus, the cost-effective and high adsorption capacity of Al–PG has wide potential use in phosphate removal from aqueous solutions.
The shrink-fit using the rotation heating

Hard-coupled model of rotation heating of a ferromagnetic clamping head is presented. The problem is described by three coupled partial differential equations whose coefficients are temperature-dependent functions. The system is solved numerically in the monolithic formulation and results from different software are compared together. The methodology is illustrated by a concrete example which was built and measured. The results are evaluated and discussed.
Economic impacts of a glacial period: a thought experiment.
Assessing the disconnect between econometrics and climate sciences

Anthropogenic climate change raises growing concerns about its potential catastrophic impacts on both ecosystems and human societies. Yet, several studies on damage induced on the economy by unmitigated global warming have proposed a much less worrying picture of the future, with only a few points of decrease in the world gross domestic product (GDP) per capita by the end of the century, even for a global warming above 4 C. We consider two different empirically estimated functions linking GDP growth or GDP level to temperature at the country level and apply them to a global cooling of 4 C in 2100, corresponding to a return to glacial conditions. We show that the alleged impact on global average GDP per capita runs from −1.8 %, if temperature impacts GDP level, to +36 %, if the impact is rather on GDP growth. These results are then compared to the hypothetical environmental conditions faced by humanity, taking the Last Glacial Maximum as a reference. The modeled impacts on the world GDP appear strongly underestimated given the magnitude of climate and ecological changes recorded for that period. After discussing the weaknesses of the aggregated statistical approach to estimate economic damage, we conclude that, if these functions cannot reasonably be trusted for such a large cooling, they should not be considered to provide relevant information on potential damage in the case of a warming of similar magnitude, as projected in the case of unabated greenhouse gas emissions.
Quantitative diet assessment of wobbegong sharks (genus Orectolobus) in New South Wales, Australia

The diets of three species of wobbegong (Orectolobus ornatus, O. maculatus, and O. halei) in New South Wales, Australia, were investigated using stomach contents from specimens caught by commercial fishers. Some 80% of wobbegongs caught by commercial setline, and 60% caught by trap or scuba diving, had empty stomachs, most likely due to regurgitation. Wobbegongs were frequently hooked in the stomach (80–90% of the catch), potentially contributing to the greater proportion of empty stomachs compared with other species of shark. The diet of all three species was primarily osteichthyans, but with some cephalopods and chondrichthyans. Interspecific differences in the diets were related to total length of the shark. Octopuses were more frequent in the diet of O. ornatus (dwarf ornate wobbegong) than other wobbegong species, possibly through the smaller adult size facilitating capture of octopuses in small holes/ crevices. Orectolobus halei fed more frequently on pelagic species and chondrichthyans, possibly because of their greater mobility. Wobbegongs feed at a high trophic level, and their removal from their ecosystem may impact lower trophic levels.
Noise Reduction on The Use of Different Ground Model on The EMI Filter of Reading LED Lighting for Passenger Train

Initial measurement showed that reading LED lighting used in this experiment produced excessive conducted emissions (CE). EMC filter is needed to suppress the CE noise. The LED light is AC powered through a two-wire cable without ground wire, whereas the EMC filter does have ground. Experiments were conducted to find out the attenuation effect of different filter’s grounding connection methods. Four cases of grounding connections are measured and compared, i.e. unconnected ground, earth-connected ground, chassis-connected ground, and additional ground plate. Measurements showed that chassis-connected ground had the strongest attenuation effect. Also, for the additional ground plate configuration, it turned out that larger plates exhibited stronger attenuation compared to smaller plates.
Evidence for an Intermediate-mass Milky Way from Gaia DR2 Halo Globular Cluster Motions

We estimate the mass of the Milky Way (MW) within 21.1 kpc using the kinematics of halo globular clusters (GCs) determined by Gaia. The second Gaia data release (DR2) contained a catalog of absolute proper motions (PMs) for a set of Galactic GCs and satellite galaxies. We select from the catalog only halo GCs, identifying a total of 34 GCs spanning , and use their 3D kinematics to estimate the anisotropy over this range to be , in good agreement with, though slightly lower than, a recent estimate for a sample of halo GCs using Hubble Space Telescope (HST) PM measurements further out in the halo. We then use the Gaia kinematics to estimate the mass of the MW inside the outermost GC to be , which corresponds to a circular velocity at of The implied virial mass is . The error bars encompass the uncertainties on the anisotropy and on the density profile of the MW dark halo, and the scatter inherent in the mass estimator we use. We get improved estimates when we combine the Gaia and HST samples to provide kinematics for 46 GCs out to 39.5 kpc: , , and . We show that these results are robust to potential substructure in the halo GC distribution. While a wide range of MW virial masses have been advocated in the literature, from below 1012 to above 2 × 1012 , these new data imply that an intermediate mass is most likely.
Soil and Crop Management Strategies to Ensure Higher Crop Productivity within Sustainable Environments

The rising population and reduction in the amount of land and some other resources have created tremendous pressure on current agricultural producers to meet the increasing food demands. To cope with this challenge, certain key inputs, such as fertilizers and other chemicals, are overused, which are worsening the surroundings. This intensive agricultural production without adherence to ecological sustainability has led to declining soil health, land degradation, and severe environmental problems. So, future efforts to feed the growing population should aim for greater agricultural production within sustainable environments. In this regard, innovative steps are needed, as business-as-usual policies lack the potential to cope with these challenges. The concept of agricultural sustainability and various soil and crop management strategies (SCMS) that have been designed to optimize crop yield under sustainable environmental conditions are discussed, including nutrient management, site specific nutrient management (SSNM), integrated nutrient management (INM), integrated soil fertility management (ISFM), integrated soil-crop system management (ISSM), ridge-furrow mulching systems (RFMS), sustainable water management (SWM), conservation agriculture (CA), sustainable land management (SLM), vertical/sky farming, and integrated crop management, and breeding strategies as well as other approaches combined with technological and behavioural changes. The present review suggests that a sustainable production system can be developed by combining the multifaceted efforts under SCMS practices with short- and long-term preventive measures. Reducing chemicals’ usage, such as that of fertilizers and pesticides, plus improvements in the crop input use efficiency could minimize greenhouse gases emissions while protecting the environment. Sustainable agriculture holds promise for humankind and the planet Earth, and it can be successful if all developed and developing nations stand together to seek ‘our common future’ to produce more food while generating less environmental pressure.
Investigation of Wooden Beam Behaviors Reinforced with Fiber Reinforced Polymers

Wood material can be demolished over time due to different environmental factors. Structural elements may need to be strengthened over time as a result of possible natural disasters or during use. Beams are elements under load in the direction perpendicular to their axes. Therefore, they are basically under the effect of bending. When the studies on the behavior of beams against bending test are examined, it is known that the bottom surface of the material generally breaks. For this reason, fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) materials have been used in recent years to reinforce beam members. It is a scientific fact that it is necessary to prefer FRPs for the solution of this problem, as well as their properties such as lightness, corrosion and flexibility, their application without disrupting the appearance of wood.In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of reinforcing wooden beams with fiber reinforced polymer materials with different properties on different bending behaviors such as load bearing capacity, ductility, modulus of elasticity. It was observed that the ductility and bearing capacity of wooden beams reinforced with fiber reinforced polymer materials increased significantly compared to non-reinforced beams.
AGROFORESTRY PRACTICES AS AN OPTION FOR CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION: A REVIEW

Climate change is one of the greatest global challenges in the 21st century that have captured the attention of many countries. It has become a centre of concentration by many governments worldwide due to its induced changes that affect the viability of livelihoods of the people especially the poor. Researches have been and are underway to establish basis for decision making to act upon the challenges of climate change. In this regard, the existing knowledge on climate change adaptation and agroforestry are synthesized as a basis for decision making for future adaptation strategies. With the aim of informing the policy makers the article focuses on overview of climate change, climate change and agriculture, climate change adaptation, opportunities and barriers to climate change and agroforestry practices as a means to climate change adaptation. It was noted that climate change is a reality in agriculture sector and agroforestry can be used as an effective adaptation strategy to the impacts of climate change. The review recommends that agroforestry practices that are potential to climate change adaptation and mitigation need to be given priority. Awareness creation and education on the linkage between climate change agroforestry is needed to create knowledge and encourage more farmers to practice agroforestry. Agroforestry practitioners need to be linked to carbon credits that they can get funds to be used to increase their adaptive capacity to climate change. Further studies are needed to identify farmers for financial assistance and areas for capacity building in adapting to climate change.
The interplay between organizational culture and the use of quality management techniques, and its impact on performance

This study analyzes the relationships between and among quality techniques, organizational culture, and performance. The research models and hypotheses proposed are tested using data collected from 250 manufacturing companies. The findings indicate that 1) some cultural profiles predict the use of some quality techniques better than others, and 2) quality techniques contribute to improve performance, provided they are supported by appropriate cultural characteristics.
Rebranding ex‐convicts

We develop a theoretical model explaining how the problem of poor labor market outcomes for ex-convicts might be alleviated by an external intervention. While employers wish to avoid associating with those who will end up returning to crime, they cannot be certain from the available information which convicts will reoffend and which will not. We illustrate that, notwithstanding this informational asymmetry, a government (or a civic society) can nevertheless design a costly, yet net socially beneficial program through which some ex-convicts can credibly convey their good intentions to employers. Such a “rebranding” program can help more ex-convicts find legitimate work, with fewer electing to return to crime than would otherwise have been the case.
Evaluation of bloom dynamics and seasonal abundance of cyanobacteria in eutrophic fish culture ponds at three different regions of Bangladesh

Received: 30 January 2019 Revised received: 26 February 2019 Accepted: 01 March 2019 Seasonal cycle and bloom dynamics of cyanobacteria in relation to environmental parameters were studied in three areasGodagari Upazila under Rajshahi district (GD ponds), Bogra city (BG ponds) and Singra upazila under Natore district (SG ponds) from September 2014 to August 2015. Standard methods were followed to analyze the water quality, sediment parameters and cyanobacterial cell density. Except temperature, mean values of all water quality parameters were found significantly different (P < 0.05) among the three study sites. 7 genera of cyanobacteria were identified whereas the highest density was recorded during September in all the studied ponds in order of BG ponds (130.36×10 cells/l) > SG ponds (84.93×10 cells/l) > GD ponds (58.74×10 cells/l). Gradual decrease in cell density was observed from November to January, whereas the lowest density (12.25×10 cells/l) was recorded at BG ponds in December, 2014. Higher values of soil organic matter, total nitrogen and pH were found to play significant role in determining higher cyanobacterial cell density at BG ponds compared to SG and GB ponds. The dominant species recorded in all the three studied regions was Microcystis sp.
ทัศนีย์ ศรีประยูร , ปิตุลักษณ์ อัศวกุล , สุพจน์ พงศ์ประสบชัย , นนทลี เผ่าสวัสด์ิ , อุดม คชินทร วัตถุประสงค์ : เพื่อศึกษาการตรวจเซลล์วิทยาด้วยวิธีเจาะดูดเนื้อเยื่อตับอ่อน และต่อมน้ําเหลืองผ่านทางกล้อง อัลตราซาวด์ซ้ําในผู้ป่วยที่สงสัยมะเร็งตับอ่อนหรือต่อมน้ําเหลืองในช่องท้องโต ที่ยังไม่ทราบสาเหตุช่วยเ

Background: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is considered as an effective technique to obtain cytology specimens for definite diagnosis of the patients who were suspected of having pancreatic cancer and unknown intra-abdominal lymphadenopathy. The value of repeated EUS-FNA in these patients who had inconclusive first EUS-FNA cytology is not well established. Objective: To determine the yield of repeated EUS-FNA in obtaining a definite diagnosis in patients with clinically suspect for pancreatic cancer and unknown intra-abdominal lymphadenopathy including the reasons for which initial EUS-FNA failed. Material and Method: The authors retrospectively reviewed the EUS database of Siriraj endoscopy center, from January 2007 to May 2011, to identify all patients who underwent repeated EUS-FNA for high index suspicion of pancreatic cancer and unknown intra-abdominal lymphadenopathy. The inconclusive results of the first EUS-FNA, the factors associated with nondiagnosed versus diagnosed cytology results were compared. Results: A total of 478 EUSFNA were performed in our institution. Fifteen patients (6M, 9F), mean age of 57 + 11.8 years (30-72 years) had repeated EUS-FNA done for the evaluation of possible malignant diseases. Eight of these patients presented with pancreatic masses and the other seven patients had unknown intra-abdominal lymphadenopathy. The second EUS-FNA diagnosed and was truly benign in 4 patients. Repeated EUS-FNA facilitated determination of the true status of the disease in 13 of 15 patients which 9 of whom were malignancy. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of repeated EUS-FNA for both inconclusive pancreatic masses and unknown intra-abdominal lymphadenopathy were 90%, 100%, 100%, 80% and 92.8% respectively. Conclusion: Repeated EUS-FNA for inconclusive initial cytology of patients with suspected pancreatic cancer and unknown intra-abdominal lymphadenopathy provided a very high yield for definite tissue diagnosis and should be recommended.
Title Response of the Wintertime Northern Hemisphere Atmospheric Circulation to Current and Projected Arctic Sea Ice Decline : A Numerical Study with CAM 5 Permalink

The wintertime Northern Hemisphere (NH) atmospheric circulation response to current (2007–12) and projected (2080–99)Arctic sea ice decline is examined with the latest version of the Community Atmospheric Model (CAM5). The numerical experiments suggest that the current sea ice conditions force a remote atmospheric response in late winter that favors cold land surface temperatures over midlatitudes, as has been observed in recent years. Anomalous Rossby waves forced by the sea ice anomalies penetrate into the stratosphere in February and weaken the stratospheric polar vortex, resulting in negative anomalies of the northern annular mode (NAM) that propagate downward during the following weeks, especially over the North Pacific. The seasonality of the response is attributed to timing of the phasing between the forced and climatological waves. When sea ice concentration taken from projections of conditions at the end of the twenty-first century is prescribed to the model, negative anomalies of the NAMare visible in the troposphere, both in early and late winter. This response is mainly driven by the large warming of the lower troposphere over the Arctic, as little impact is found in the stratosphere in this experiment. As a result of the thermal expansion of the polar troposphere, the westerly flow is decelerated and a weak but statistically significant increase of the midlatitude meanders is identified. However, the thermodynamical response extends beyond the Arctic and offsets the dynamical effect, such that the stronger sea ice forcing has limited impact on the intensity of cold extremes over midlatitudes.