Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“Macro-structure” of developmental participation histories and “micro-structure” of practice of German female world-class and national-class football players

ABSTRACT The study examined the “micro-structure” of football practice and the “macro-structure” of participation history of female professional football players. Participants were 29 German 1st league (Bundesliga) players, 14 of whom played on the senior national team (Olympic Champion in 2016). A questionnaire recorded the players’ positions, proportions of physical conditioning, drill-type skill exercises and playing forms within coach-led football practice, and the volume of coach-led practice and peer-led play, in both football and other sports, from childhood to adulthood. Analyses revealed that most athletes played various attacker and defender positions during development. National team players differed from their Bundesliga peers by less physical conditioning and greater proportions of playing forms within football practice. National team players also accumulated less total football practice until age 18 years, but more peer-led football and coach-led practice in other sports compared to their Bundesliga counterparts. Based on these variables, a binary logistic regression classified 93% of the national team and Bundesliga players correctly. Conclusion: A combination of long-term coach-led football practice involving a relatively large proportion of playing forms with considerable childhood/adolescent peer-led football play and coach-led practice in other sports may have facilitated adult performance among German female world-class football players.
Assessment of Smart Watches for Management of Non-Communicable Diseases in the Ageing Population: A Systematic Review

Advancement in wearable technologies is providing promising new ways to monitor and improve patient care to the ageing population. With the global demographic transition of developed countries to an ageing population, implementation of these technologies could benefit patients and clinicians. This systematic review assesses experimental studies performed utilizing these technologies. A systematic review of peer-reviewed literature was performed on the application of wearable technologies in the patients 60 years old or greater or what is considered ageing population. Search results were reviewed and synthesized to attempt to ascertain its possible clinical application and impact. A total of 422 papers were identified for review. Eight papers were relevant to the ageing population. The majority of papers identified were experimental studies. This was because the technology is still new to the field of medicine. The studies were performed in North America, United Kingdom, Germany and Indonesia. All showed promise that wearable technologies can benefit the management of non-communicable diseases in the ageing population. Current studies focus on the experimental nature of wearable technology. Further clinical trials are needed to assess the benefit in the management of ageing populations in the clinical setting.
Molecular Hydrogen, a Neglected Key Driver of Soil Biogeochemical Processes

The atmosphere of the early Earth is hypothesized to have been rich in reducing gases such as hydrogen (H2). H2 has been proposed as the first electron donor leading to ATP synthesis due to its ubiquity throughout the biosphere as well as its ability to easily diffuse through microbial cells and its low activation energy requirement. ABSTRACT The atmosphere of the early Earth is hypothesized to have been rich in reducing gases such as hydrogen (H2). H2 has been proposed as the first electron donor leading to ATP synthesis due to its ubiquity throughout the biosphere as well as its ability to easily diffuse through microbial cells and its low activation energy requirement. Even today, hydrogenase enzymes enabling the production and oxidation of H2 are found in thousands of genomes spanning the three domains of life across aquatic, terrestrial, and even host-associated ecosystems. Even though H2 has already been proposed as a universal growth and maintenance energy source, its potential contribution as a driver of biogeochemical cycles has received little attention. Here, we bridge this knowledge gap by providing an overview of the classification, distribution, and physiological role of hydrogenases. Distribution of these enzymes in various microbial functional groups and recent experimental evidence are finally integrated to support the hypothesis that H2-oxidizing microbes are keystone species driving C cycling along O2 concentration gradients found in H2-rich soil ecosystems. In conclusion, we suggest focusing on the metabolic flexibility of H2-oxidizing microbes by combining community-level and individual-level approaches aiming to decipher the impact of H2 on C cycling and the C-cycling potential of H2-oxidizing microbes, via both culture-dependent and culture-independent methods, to give us more insight into the role of H2 as a driver of biogeochemical processes.
Serum Level of Metalloproteinase‐2 but not Metalloproteinase‐9 Rises in Patients With Failed Back Surgery Syndrome After Spinal Cord Stimulation

The impact of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) on serum levels of metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) and metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) was assessed in a group of patients with failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS). The study was to give new insights into the SCS mechanism of action and the role of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 in the development of NP.
Feeding and food-hiding responses of Jackdaws and Magpies

In early March 1973 I was trying to train wild Jackdaws Corvus monedula and Magpies Pica pica to come to an area of sandy pasture close to the research buildings of the Estacion Biologica de Dofiana, southern Spain, so that I could perform experiments on their searching behaviour. This general training period presented a good opportunity to investigate in detail the birds' responses to food items of different sizes. Ten successful tests were performed between 5th and 13th March. Usually six large and 40 small pieces of bread were scattered over an area about 6 metres square. Several variations were tried involving mixed or separate areas but these did not affect the results. The pieces of bread were cut from slices 0.5 cm thick, the large pieces being 2 cm square (weight 0.7 gm) and the small pieces 0.5 cm square (weight 0.044 S m ) ^ n t n e first four days a few tests were also carried out with bread crumbs and with pieces 1 cm square. I watched from a first-floor veranda some 3 metres above ground level and 20 to 50 metres from the experimental area, using 8.5X and tripod-mounted 20X binoculars. The Jackdaws and Magpies fed over the sandy pasture and in small clumps of palmetto bushes and could be seen to catch craneflies and beetles, turn over dung or dig in sand exposed by the nocturnal rooting of Wild Boar Sus scrofa. Sometimes the birds would appear soon after a test had been set out ; more often there were delays of u p to several hours. As many as eight Jackdaws (median six) and six Magpies (median two) were present during the course of a test and I esti­ mated that at least six individual Jackdaws and four or five Magpies were actually involved in taking bread. As I got to know some individuals by plumage or behaviour during later experiments it became clear that particular birds returned from day to day over a period of several weeks.
Clinical features of Mycoplasma pneumoniae coinfection and need for its testing in influenza pneumonia patients.

Background To investigate the clinical features of coinfection due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae), a common copathogen in influenza, in influenza pneumonia patients. Methods We reviewed 4,465 patients with influenza who visited a tertiary care hospital emergency department in Seoul (Korea) from 2010 through 2016, and underwent immunoglobulin M (IgM) serology or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for M. pneumoniae. Influenza pneumonia was defined as laboratory-confirmed influenza plus radiographic pneumonia. Patients with healthcare-associated pneumonia or non-mycoplasma bacterial coinfection were excluded. Clinical, laboratory, and radiographic findings and outcomes of the influenza pneumonia patients with and without M. pneumoniae coinfection were compared. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with the coinfection. Results Of 244 influenza pneumonia patients, 41 (16.8%) had M. pneumoniae coinfection. These patients were younger with a higher frequency of age of 5-10 years, and had higher white blood cell (WBC) and lymphocyte counts; lower concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP). The coinfection had no association with specific radiographic findings and poor outcome. Multivariable analysis showed the age of 5-10 years (adjusted odds ratio, 18.83; 95% confidence interval, 5.899-60.08; P<0.001) as the factor associated with the coinfection. Conclusions M. pneumoniae coinfection in influenza pneumonia may be associated with the age of 5-10 years, and otherwise clinically indistinct from influenza pneumonia without the coinfection. This finding suggests the need for M. pneumoniae testing in patients aged 5-10 years with influenza pneumonia.
Output feedback adaptive control in the presence of unmodeled dynamics

An approach for designing an adaptive output feedback controller that augments an assumed existing observer based linear controller is developed. The unique attributes of this approach are that it can be used to augment an existing linear controller without modifying the parameters of that controller, it does not rely on the use of high gains neither in the observer nor in the the adaptation law, it is applicable to non-minimum phase systems, it does not require realization of a reference model, the only dynamics that are added to the original system are those of the adaptive law, and it is adaptive to the presence of matched unmodeled dynamics. A simple wing rock model appended with unmodeled dynamics and a model for attitude control of a flexible spacecraft are used to illustrate effectiveness of the approach.
Expression of Cell-Penetrating Peptides Fused to Protein Cargo

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short peptides that can cross cell membranes. CPPs enable the delivery of biomolecules into cells and can act as drug-delivery vectors. Because recombinant production of CPPs as fusions to protein “cargo” leads to low yields for some CPP-cargo fusions, approaches to enhance the recombinant expression of peptide-cargo fusions need to be identified. We optimized expression conditions in Escherichia coli for fusions of CPPs (SynB, histatin-5, and MPG) to the cargo proteins biotin carboxyl carrier protein, maltose-binding protein, and green fluorescent protein. We used Western blotting to evaluate induction temperatures of 37, 30, and 20°C, and induction times of 6, 10, and 24 h. Glutathione-S-transferase was incorporated as a fusion partner to improve expression. In general, expression at 37°C for 6 and 10 h led to the highest levels of expression for the different CPP-cargo constructs. The improvements in expression of CPP-cargo fusions will allow higher yields of CPP-cargo fusions for studies of their translocation into cells.
Hsp70 (HSP70A1A) downregulation enhances the metastatic ability of cancer cells

Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70; also known as HSP70A1A) is one of the most induced proteins in cancer cells; however, its role in cancer has not yet been fully elucidated. In the present study, we proposed a hypothetical model in which the silencing of Hsp70 enhanced the metastatic properties of the HeLa, A549 and MCF7 cancer cell lines. We consider that the inability of cells to form cadherin-catenin complexes in the absence of Hsp70 stimulates their detachment from neighboring cells, which is the first step of anoikis and metastasis. Under these conditions, an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway is activated that causes cancer cells to acquire a mesenchymal phenotype, which is known to possess a higher ability for migration. Therefore, we herein provide evidence of the dual role of Hsp70 which, according to international literature, first establishes a cancerous environment and then, as suggested by our team, regulates the steps of the metastatic process, including EMT and migration. Finally, the trigger for the anti-metastatic properties that are acquired by cancer cells in the absence of Hsp70 appears to be the destruction of the Hsp70-dependent heterocomplexes of E-cadherin/catenins, which function like an anchor between neighboring cells.
European Society of Endodontology position statement: Management of deep caries and the exposed pulp.

This position statement on the management of deep caries and the exposed pulp represents the consensus of an expert committee, convened by the European Society of Endodontology (ESE). Preserving the pulp in a healthy state with sustained vitality, preventing apical periodontitis and developing minimally invasive biologically based therapies are key themes within contemporary clinical endodontics. The aim of this statement was to summarize current best evidence on the diagnosis and classification of deep caries and caries-induced pulpal disease, as well as indicating appropriate clinical management strategies for avoiding and treating pulp exposure in permanent teeth with deep or extremely deep caries. In presenting these findings, areas of controversy, low-quality evidence and uncertainties are highlighted, prior to recommendations for each area of interest. A recently published review article provides more detailed information and was the basis for this position statement (Bjørndal et al. 2019, International Endodontic Journal, doi:10.1111/iej.13128). The intention of this position statement is to provide the practitioner with relevant clinical guidance in this rapidly developing area. An update will be provided within 5 years as further evidence emerges.
Efectividad del lavado de manos prequirúrgico en la reducción de la carga bacteriana, utilizando digluconato de clorhexidina y paraclorometaxilenol

Durante siglos, el lavado de manos con agua y jabon fue considerado una medida de higiene personal, sin embargo, la relacion entre el lavado de manos y la propagacion de la enfermedad, solo se establecio en los ultimos 200 anos. A mediados de la decada de 1800, los estudios de Ignaz Semmelweis en Viena y Oliver Wendell Holmes en Boston, establecieron que las enfermedades adquiridas en el hospital, ahora se sabe que por agentes infecciosos, se transmiten a traves de las manos del personal sanitario. En 1938, Price establecio que las bacterias recuperadas de las manos se pueden dividir en dos categorias: transitoria y residente. La flora residente consiste en microorganismos que residen en las celulas superficiales del stratum corneum y tambien se pueden encontrar en la superficie de la piel. La flora transitoria, que coloniza las capas superficiales de la piel, es mas susceptible de eliminarse por el lavado de manos rutinario. En el siglo XIX, Joseph Lister demostro el efecto de la antisepsia de manos en la reduccion de la infeccion del sitio quirurgico. La preparacion quirurgica de las manos es un elemento critico en la atencion quirurgica segura, su objetivo es reducir la liberacion de bacterias de la piel de las manos del equipo quirurgico durante el procedimiento en caso de puncion inadvertida del guante quirurgico y la potencial liberacion de bacterias a la herida abierta. En contraste con el lavado de manos higienico, o friccion de manos, la preparacion quirurgica de manos debe eliminar la flora transitoria y reducir la flora residente, asi como inhibir el crecimiento de las bacterias bajo la mano enguantada. El espectro de la actividad antimicrobiana para la preparacion quirurgica de manos debe ser lo mas amplia posible frente a bacterias y hongos. Los virus, raras veces estan implicados en la infeccion del sitio quirurgica de manos.
Metabolic effect of berberine–silymarin association: A meta‐analysis of randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trials

The aim of this study is to assess the impact of a combination of berberine and silymarin on serum lipids and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) through a systematic review of literature and meta‐analysis of the available randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trials (RCTs). A systematic literature search in SCOPUS, PubMed‐Medline, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases was conducted up to October 2, 2018, in order to identify RCTs assessing changes in plasma concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and FPG during treatment with berberine and silymarin in combination. Two review authors independently extracted data on study characteristics, methods, and outcomes. Quantitative data synthesis was performed using a random‐effects model. We identified five eligible RCTs, with 497 subjects overall included. Berberine and silymarin combination treatment exerted a positive effect on TC (mean difference [MD]: −25.3, 95% CI [−39.2, −11.4] mg/dl; p < 0.001), TG (MD: −28, 95% CI [−35.3, −20.6] mg/dl; p < 0.001), HDL‐C [MD: 6, 95% CI [3.2, 8.8] mg/dl; p < 0.001), LDL‐C (MD: −29.1, 95% CI [−39.7, −18.6] mg/dl; p < 0.001), and FPG (MD: −7.5, 95% CI [−13, −1.9] mg/dl; p = 0.008). The present findings suggest that the coadministration of berberine and silymarin is associated with an advantageous improvement in lipid and glucose profile, suggesting the possible use of this nutraceutical combination in order to promote the cardiometabolic health.
LncRNA expression profile and ceRNA analysis in tomato during flowering

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that play essential regulatory roles in various developmental processes and stress responses. However, the functions of lncRNAs during the flowering period of tomato are largely unknown. To explore the lncRNA profiles and functions during flowering in tomato, we performed strand-specific paired-end RNA sequencing of tomato leaves, flowers and roots, with three biological replicates. We identified 10919 lncRNAs including 248 novel lncRNAs, of which 65 novel lncRNAs were significantly differentially expressed (DE) in the flowers, leaves, and roots. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were carried out to identify the cis target gene of DE lncRNAs. The results showed that the lncRNAs might play an important role in the growth, development, and apoptosis of flowering tomato plant by regulating the formation of intima in flower tissues, binding to various molecules, influencing metabolic pathways, and inducing apoptosis. Moreover, we identified the interaction between 32, 78, and 397 kinds of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and mRNAs. The results suggest that the lncRNAs can regulate the expression of mRNA during flowering period in tomato by forming competitive endogenous RNA, and further regulate various biological metabolism pathways in tomato.
Investigation into reducing anthropomorphic hand degrees of freedom while maintaining human hand grasping functions

Underactuation is widely used when designing anthropomorphic hand, which involves fewer degrees of actuation than degrees of freedom. However, the similarities between coordinated joint movements and movement variances across different grasp tasks have not been suitably examined. This work suggests a systematic approach to identify the actuation strategy with the minimum number for degrees of actuation for anthropomorphic hands. This work evaluates the correlations of coordinated movements in human hands during 23 grasp tasks to suggest actuation strategies for anthropomorphic hands. Our approach proceeds as follows: first, we find the best description for each coordinated joint movement in each grasp task by using multiple linear regression; then, based on the similarities between joint movements, we classify hand joints into groups by using hierarchical cluster analysis; finally, we reduce the dimensionality of each group of joints by employing principal components analysis. The metacarpophalangeal joints and proximal interphalangeal joints have the best and most consistent description of their coordinated movements across all grasp tasks. The thumb metacarpophalangeal and abduction/adduction between the ring and little fingers exhibit relatively high independence of movement. The distal interphalangeal joints show a high degree of independent movement but not for all grasp tasks. Analysis of the results indicates that for the distal interphalangeal joints, their coordinated movements are better explained when all fingers wrap around the object. Our approach fails to provide more information for the other joints. We conclude that 19 degrees of freedom for an anthropomorphic hand can be reduced to 13 degrees of actuation distributed between six groups of joints. The number of degrees of actuation can be further reduced to six by relaxing the dimensionality reduction criteria. Other resolutions are as follows: (a) the joint coupling scheme should be joint-based rather than finger-based and (b) hand designs may need to include finger abduction/adduction movements.
The Effect of Increasing Levels of Dehulled Faba Beans (Vicia faba L.) on Extrusion and Product Parameters for Dry Expanded Dog Food

The growing pet food market is continuously in search for novel ingredients. Legumes such as faba beans are increasingly popular in human nutrition but have not yet been explored in pet foods. Extruded dog diets were produced with 0, 10, 20, and 30% dehulled faba bean (DFB) inclusion (FB0, FB10, FB20, and FB30, respectively) in exchange for rice and corn gluten meal. Fixed processing inputs were extruder screw configuration, die size (5.2 mm diameter), dry feed rate (237 kg/h), extruder water and steam (0%), and die knife speed (1100 rpm). Variable inputs were managed by an operator with the goal to obtain similar kibble bulk density at the extruder die (OE) across treatments. Output parameters were measured at the pre-conditioner, extruder, and kibble. Measurements were collected at uniform time increments during production of each experimental diet and considered treatment replicates. Single degree of freedom contrasts were analyzed on extrusion and product outputs. The target of producing diets with similar wet bulk density was achieved, with moderate modifications at the pre-conditioner (PC) and extruder. As DFB increased, diets had increased retention time and water at the PC to improve starch hydration and swelling. The FB20 and FB30 required a more restricted flow to improve kibble expansion. After drying, the FB20 and FB30 diets were denser, harder and tougher (p < 0.05) than FB0 and FB10. The increasing levels of DFB up to 30% can be effectively controlled in an extruded pet food application with modest changes to extrusion parameters.
Evaluation, projection et combinaison d'analyses syntaxiques robustes : Évolutions en analyse syntaxique

Dans cet article, nous proposons une methode de combinaison entre plusieurs analyses syntaxiques afin d'extraire une analyse plus precise et plus complete pour une phrase donnee, fondee sur une strategie de vote a la majorite. Cette proposition nous a amene a etudier les analyseurs syntaxiques et notamment a proposer un protocole pour les evaluer permettant de comparer les performances des differentes analyses et de definir un formalisme d'annotation dans lequel seront projetees les sorties de chaque analyseur pour faciliter la combinaison et l'evaluation.