Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The proto‐Oceanic language community∗

scattered almost two-thirds of the way round the tropical and subtropical world? was a feat with only one parallel in human history: the expansion of West European peoples after Columbus. In each case advances in sailing methods by maritime peoples, speakers ofa single language family originally living on continents or continental islands, enabled them to undertake long ocean voyages to explore and trade, and led to their rapid colonization of farflung lands.1 Yet the Austronesian expansion was more or less completed long before Columbus, and the challenge of reconstructing its course is more akin to that of reconstructing the original Indo-European expansion across Eurasia after 3500 B.C. We are dealing with prehistoric events and cir cumstances whose outlines may be recovered only by careful application of the methods available to prehistorians, especially those of archaeology and comparative-historical linguistics. This paper will focus on one stage in the Austronesian settlement of the Pacific ? that associated with the reconstructed language known as Proto Oceanic (POC). What makes this stage of particular importance is that Proto Oceanic is regarded by linguists as the immediate ancestor ofa subgroup which contains more than 400 languages, or about half the Austronesian total. The subgroup coincides almost exactly with those members of Austronesian that are spoken in the southwest and central Pacific. Into Oceanic fall nearly ail of the so-called Melanesian languages,2 plus the Polynesian group and the Microne sian languages other than Chamorro, Belauan (Palauan) and possibly Yapese. No Oceanic languages are found west of New Guinea. The boundary line bet ween the Oceanic group and the rest of Austronesian runs through the north coast of New Guinea between 136? and 138? E (east of the Bird's Head, bet ween Sarera Bay and the Sarmi Coast), and curves through the western islands of Micronesia between 132? and 140? E (see Figure 1).
Characterizing network events and their impact on routing

We call network events incidents that disturb the normal behavior of one or more elements of an IP network. Routers, network interface cards, and IP links can fail or malfunction for many reasons. For example, operators may need to reboot a router for a software upgrade, an interface card may crash, and IP links may be overloaded because of a denial-of-service attack. Any of these network events can impact customer's traffic (packets can be lost or delayed, and, in extreme cases, customers may lose connectivity to parts of the network). When customers complain, network operators need to intervene to diagnose and, hopefully, fix the problem. In this work, we characterize network events according to their causes by using data collected from the Virtual Private Network (VPN) backbone of a large European provider. The European VPN network do not connect to Internet, but interconnects sites of over ten thousand enterprise networks.
The importance of load pulse timing in aircraft generation

In this paper the effect of load pulse timing on the shaft of an aircraft generator is studied on terms of endurance and ultimate stresses. For this, two types of loads connections are considered: step electrical load and pulsating electrical loads. For the first case, it is proposed that a correct timing of a pulse load connection can zero the transients on the shaft. After for the case of a pulsating electrical load, like radar or a heating system, boundaries in terms of carrier frequency are defined in order to minimize the vibrations. For both cases results obtained by simulation are presented and compared with analysis.
Release of inositol phosphoglycan P-type by the human placenta following insulin stimulus: A multiple comparison between preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and gestational hypertension

Objective. Abnormal metabolism of inositol phosphoglycan P-type (P-IPG) has been described in insulin-resistant states. Recently, a definite link between P-IPG and preeclampsia has been reported. P-IPG release after insulin stimulus has been described in the placental tissue of healthy women and a complete absence of P-IPG release has been found in preeclamptic samples, associated with disturbed insulin signaling. This study was undertaken to assess the release of this mediator in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and hypertensive disorders other than preeclampsia. Methods. Seven women with IUGR, seven with gestational hypertension, 11 with preeclampsia, and 12 controls were recruited for this study. Fresh placental membranes were prepared and incubated with human recombinant insulin. Bioactivity of P-IPG released after insulin stimulus was assessed using a specific bioassay. A multiple comparison between groups was carried out. The study population provided a statistical power of 0.94. Results. P-IPG release was highest and lowest from healthy and preeclamptic samples, respectively (p < 0.01). Specimens from patients with IUGR and gestational hypertension released less P-IPG than did controls (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Abnormal release of P-IPG from placentas of IUGR and gestational hypertensive mothers seems to confirm an association between these disorders of human pregnancy and insulin resistance.
Micro-blog social moods and Chinese stock market: the influence of emotional valence and arousal on Shanghai Composite Index volume

Previous psychological researches prove that emotion is of importance in individual risk decision making. So could the public emotion (social moods) influence the collective risk decision making such as the stock market? We obtained the five basic social moods including happiness, sadness, fear, anger and disgust by analysing the text content of daily Sina Weibo using our emotion lexicon. Then we investigated the correlation between the daily social moods and Shanghai Composite Index volume by means of Granger causality analysis and linear regression model. We found sadness can significantly improve the predictive accuracy of the trading volume by 2.4% and reduce the MAPE by 8. The analyses for the five social moods indicated the arousal of sadness is the lowest, and the lowest 25% terms of sadness can predict the total trading amounts of SSEC too. The result indicated the negative emotion with lower arousal can improve the tendency of risk taking, which confirms emotional maintenance hypothesis in psychological discipline.
Convergent Validity of Alternative MMPI-2 Personality Disorder Scales

The Morey, Waugh, and Blashfield (1985) MMPI (Hathaway et al., 1989) personality disorder scales provided a significant contribution to personality disorder research and assessment. However, the subsequent revisions to the MMPI and the multiple revisions to the diagnostic criteria sets that have since occurred may have justified comparable revisions to these scales. Somwaru and Ben-Porath (1995) selected a substantially different set of items from the MMPI-2 (Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989) to assess Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) personality disorder diagnostic criteria. In our study, we compared the convergent validity of these alternative MMPI-2 personality disorder scales with respect to 3 self-report measures of personality disorder symptomatology in a sample of 82 psychiatric outpatients. The results suggested that Somwaru and Ben-Porath's scales are as valid as the original Morey et al. scales and might be even more valid for the assessment of borderline, antisocial, and schizoid personality disorder symptomatology.
FEM study on the effects of flip chip packaging induced stress on MEMS

Packaging induced stress may have considerable effect on performance of MEMS devices. This paper is focused on the performance change of MEMS devices after flip chip package. The warpage and stress distribution on die surface of flip chip package with different bumps layout are investigated using finite element method(FEM). Package of 4×4 all-array pattern is first studied. Then a comparison study between packages with bumps of 2×2,4×4 and 6×6 all-array patterns and one-circle 4×4, one-circle 6×6 and two-circle 6×6 peripheral patterns are presented. According to the FEM results, the packaging effect on the natural frequency of a flip-chipped microcbridge is case studied finally.
Acceleration of the reflectance field acquisition using independent component analysis

In order to generate photorealistic images, a central problem in computer graphics is the description of an object reflectance model. The reflectance field technique describes the object surface properties and can be used for photorealistic rendering. The reflection of surfaces can be described as a high dimensional reflectance function. For complex surfaces, an analytical model is not always easy to formulate, therefore the direct real-world surface acquisition is preferred. The reflectance is typically acquired with a camera or array of cameras that capture the reflectance field of the object surface but the reflectance information can be composed of thousands of images, depending on the surface material properties and the camera resolution. In this work we proposes a systematic strategy that incorporates Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to acquire the reflectance field and reducing by orders of magnitude the required number of captured images and keeping the same reflectance field quality. In our experiments, a reflectance field can be obtained with only 26 images, compared to the classical approach that require thousands of images, with an error less than 2%.
Energy balancing RPL-based routing for Internet of Things

RPL (IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks) is a standard routing protocol for low-power low-cost and resource constrained networks. To deal with the diversity in link qualities in these networks, the Minimum Rank with Hysteresis Objective Function (MRHOF, RFC 6719) is standardized as the de facto Objective Function (OF) for RPL. MRHOF helps a mote to select a path to forward traffic with the minimum cost among available paths. The Expected Transmission Count (ETX) defined in RFC 6551 is the most widely used MRHOF routing metric. ETX helps to achieve good Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and low latency since motes choose to relay their information along the path with the least number of retransmissions. However, since ETX does not consider the energy level of the motes, it does not balance the energy consumption between motes. In this paper, we develop other routing metrics by taking into consideration the energy consumption of motes as routing metric. We develop a Radio Duty Cycle (RDC) based method to estimate mote energy consumption. We also look into diverse combinations of ETX and energy consumption as routing metrics. The proposed methods achieve better energy balance while keeping good energy efficiency and packet delivery ratios.
Screening Wales: Portrayal, Representation and Identity: A Case Study

In 2004, the BBC took the decision to re-launch what had been one of its fl agship programmes over the past four decades, Doctor Who (1963–89, 1996, 2005–present). In most respects this was an unremarkable decision as similar re-launches had taken place, oft en aft er signifi cant amounts of time had elapsed between series. What was intriguing about the 2004 ‘re-launch’ was the decision to produce the programme in Wales rather than its customary London base. Many long-standing Doctor Who fans read the decision negatively, assuming that the programme had been sent to a far-fl ung outpost of the BBC to die. Th is was expressed very strongly during the audience research phase of a study for the BBC Trust and Audience Council Wales carried out by the authors of this article along with Dr Ruth McElroy and Dr Rebecca Williams in 2009–101. Th e study examined the complex question of portrayal in television drama from and about Wales in the context of the huge international success of both Doctor Who and Torchwood (2006–present) in the period 2005–9. One particular audience group made up of self-selecting ‘fans’ of Doctor Who living in Wales articulated very clearly the expectation at the time of the programme’s re-launch that the BBC was putting it out to grass and that this was based mainly on the decision to produce it in Wales:
Identification of protein kinase C isoenzymes in smooth muscle: partial purification and characterization of chicken gizzard PKC zeta.

The pattern of expression of protein kinase C (PKC) isoenzymes was examined in chicken gizzard smooth muscle using isoenzyme-specific antibodies: alpha, delta, epsilon, eta, and zeta isoenzymes were detected. PKC alpha associated with the particulate fraction in the presence of Ca2+ and was extracted by divalent cation chelators. PKC delta required detergent treatment for extraction from the EDTA-EGTA-washed particulate fraction. PKC epsilon, eta, and zeta were recovered in the cytosolic fraction prepared in the presence of Ca2+. PKC zeta, which has been implicated in the regulation of gene expression in smooth muscle, was partially purified from chicken gizzard. Two peaks of PKC zeta-immunoreactive protein (M(r) 76 000) were eluted from the final column; only the second peak exhibited kinase activity. The specific activity of PKC zeta with peptide epsilon (a synthetic peptide based on the pseudosubstrate domain of PKC epsilon) as substrate was 2.1 mumol P(i). min-1. (mg PKC zeta)-1 and, with peptide zeta as substrate, was 1.2 mumol P(i). min-1. (mg PKC zeta)-1. Activity in each case was independent of Ca2+, phospholipid, and diacylglycerol. Lysine-rich histone III-S was a poor substrate for PKC zeta (specific activity, 0.1-0.3 mumol P(i). min-1.mg-1). Two proteins, calponin and caldesmon, which have been implicated in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction and are phosphorylated by cPKC (a mixture of alpha, beta, and gamma isoenzymes), were also poor substrates of PKC zeta (specific activities, 0.04 and 0.02 mumol P(i). min-1.mg-1, respectively). Chicken gizzard PKC zeta was insensitive to the PKC activator phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate or the PKC inhibitor chelerythrine. The properties of PKC zeta are, therefore, quite distinct from those of other well-characterized PKC isoenzymes.
Evaluating the Use of Antibody Variable Region (Fv) Charge as a Risk Assessment Tool for Predicting Typical Cynomolgus Monkey Pharmacokinetics*

The pharmacokinetic (PK) behavior of monoclonal antibodies in cynomolgus monkeys (cynos) is generally translatable to that in humans. Unfortunately, about 39% of the antibodies evaluated for PKs in cynos have fast nonspecific (or non-target-mediated) clearance (in-house data). An empirical model relating variable region (Fv) charge and hydrophobicity to cyno nonspecific clearance was developed to gauge the risk an antibody would have for fast nonspecific clearance in the monkey. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictability of this empirical model on cyno nonspecific clearance with antibodies specifically engineered to have either high or low Fv charge. These amino acid changes were made in the Fv region of two test antibodies, humAb4D5-8 and anti-lymphotoxin α. The humAb4D5-8 has a typical nonspecific clearance in cynos, and by making it more positively charged, the antibody acquires fast nonspecific clearance, and making it less positively charged did not impact its clearance. Anti-lymphotoxin α has fast nonspecific clearance in cynos, and making it more positively charged caused it to clear even faster, whereas making it less positively charged caused it to clear slower and within the typical range. These trends in clearance were also observed in two other preclinical species, mice and rats. The effect of modifying Fv charge on subcutaneous bioavailability was also examined, and in general bioavailability was inversely related to the direction of the Fv charge change. Thus, modifying Fv charge appears to impact antibody PKs, and the changes tended to correlate with those predicted by the empirical model.
Biomechanical characteristics of the jump down of healthy subjects and patients with knee injuries.

PURPOSE The aim of this study is to investigate the drop jump performance of male patients who underwent ACLR and a control group using combined data acquisition system. METHODS A total of 28 male subjects aged 20 to 26 were studied: 22 did not show and were not diagnosed with any knee joint dysfunction (the control group) and six men who underwent ACLR of the left limb (group of patients). The control group was age, height and body mass matched. A data acquisition setup consisting of three independent modules including force platforms, position analysis system and electromyography was used. Subjects were jumping down from 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 m step heights. The acquired signals were used to determine the ground reaction force, muscular activity, mass centre position, velocity and acceleration. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were found between the groups (t-test, p < 0.05) in the maximum vertical ground reaction force in the left limb for 0.2 and 0.3 m step heights. Differences in the muscle activity between the groups were found to be statistically significant (t-test, p < 0.05) before the jump, during the landing phase, and after the jump for selected muscle groups and step heights. CONCLUSION Combing the three independent measurement systems provided new information on drop jump biomechanics. The distribution of loads in different muscles was not uniform across the groups. Patients allocated more energy to control their motion and seemed to protect their operated limb by shifting the bodyweight to the healthy limb.
Access block causes emergency department overcrowding and ambulance diversion in Perth, Western Australia

Objective: Access block refers to the situation where patients in the emergency department (ED) requiring inpatient care are unable to gain access to appropriate hospital beds within a reasonable time frame. We systematically evaluated the relationship between access block, ED overcrowding, ambulance diversion, and ED activity. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of data from the Emergency Department Information System for the three major central metropolitan EDs in Perth, Western Australia, for the calendar years 2001–2. Bivariate analyses were performed in order to study the relationship between a range of emergency department workload variables, including access block (>8 hour total ED stay for admitted patients), ambulance diversion, ED overcrowding, and ED waiting times. Results: We studied 259 580 ED attendances. Total diversion hours increased 74% from 3.39 hours/day in 2001 to 5.90 hours/day in 2002. ED overcrowding (r = 0.96; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91 to 0.98), ambulance diversion (r = 0.75; 95% CI 0.49 to 0.88), and ED waiting times for care (r = 0.83; 95% CI 0.65 to 0.93) were strongly correlated with high levels of ED occupancy by access blocked patients. Total attendances, admissions, discharges, and low acuity patient attendances were not associated with ambulance diversion. Conclusion: Reducing access block should be the highest priority in allocating resources to reduce ED overcrowding. This would result in reduced overcrowding, reduced ambulance diversion, and improved ED waiting times. Improving hospital inpatient flow, which would directly reduce access block, is most likely to achieve this.
2D MOSFET operation of a fully-depleted bulk MoS2 at quasi-flatband back-gate

In this paper, 2D MOSFET operation of a fully-depleted double-gate bulk MoS2 is studied at a quasi-flatband of the back-gate for the first time. Several key device parameters such as equivalent oxide thickness (EOT), carrier concentration, flatband voltage, dielectric constant and carrier mobility were extracted from I-V and C-V characteristics and at room temperature. In a similar operation to the inversion-mode SOI MOSFETs, the backgate was used to keep a sheet of mobile charges on the flake back-side by its quasi-flatband operation at a fixed voltage (0 V). Afterward, the top-gate was used as the active gate to perform mobile charge accumulation or depletion in the channel. Fig. 1 shows the device architecture together with the high frequency R-C equivalent circuit model for this underlap gate architecture. Fig. 2 represents the top-view microscope picture of the fabricated MoS2 bulk MOSFET with a flake thickness of 38 nm, measured by AFM. The fabrication steps include mechanical exfoliation of MoS2 crystals on a 260 nm thick oxidized Si substrate, e-beam lithography to make S/D pads, 50 nm Ni by thermal evaporation and lift-off, gate patterning, high-k/metal-gate stack deposition (1 nm of SiOx by thermal evaporation, 11 nm of ZrO2 by ALD deposition at 105 °C, 30 nm of Ni by thermal evaporation) and lift-off. The measurements were done at room temperature using an Agilent B1500A Semiconductor Parameter Analyzer. Fig. 3 shows its Id-Vg, reporting a subthreshold slope of 110 mV/dec. and Ion/Ioff of ~1×105, both at Vds=100 mV.
A population-based comparison of strategies to prevent early-onset group B streptococcal disease in neonates.

BACKGROUND Guidelines issued in 1996 in the United States recommend either screening of pregnant women for group B streptococcal colonization by means of cultures (screening approach) or assessing clinical risk factors (risk-based approach) to identify candidates for intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis. METHODS In a multistate retrospective cohort study, we compared the effectiveness of the screening and risk-based approaches in preventing early-onset group B streptococcal disease (in infants less than seven days old). We studied a stratified random sample of the 629,912 live births in 1998 and 1999 in eight geographical areas where there was active surveillance for group B streptococcal infection, including all births in which the neonate had early-onset disease. Women with no documented culture for group B streptococcus were considered to have been cared for according to the risk-based approach. RESULTS We studied 5144 births, including 312 in which the newborn had early-onset group B streptococcal disease. Antenatal screening was documented for 52 percent of the mothers. The risk of early-onset disease was significantly lower among the infants of screened women than among those in the risk-based group (adjusted relative risk, 0.46; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.36 to 0.60). Because women whose providers had no strategy for prophylaxis may have been misclassified in the risk-based group, we excluded all women with risk factors and adequate time for prophylaxis who did not receive antibiotics. The adjusted relative risk of early-onset disease associated with the screening approach in this secondary analysis was similar--0.48 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.37 to 0.63). CONCLUSIONS Routine screening for group B streptococcus during pregnancy prevents more cases of early-onset disease than the risk-based approach. Recommendations that endorse both strategies as equivalent warrant reconsideration.