Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
X‐Band Phased Array Antenna Using Ferroelectric (Ba,Sr)TiO3 Coplanar Waveguide Phase Shifter

A phased array antenna was fabricated using four‐element ferroelectric phase shifters with a coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line structure based on a Ba0.6Sr0. 4TiO3(BST)/MgO structure. Epitaxial BST films were deposited on MgO (001) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. To attain the large differential phase shift and small losses for a ferroelectric CPW phase shifter, an impedance‐matching‐part adding technique between the effective transmission line and connecting cable was used. The return loss and insertion loss for this technique‐adapted BST CPW device were improved with respect to those for a normal BST CPW device. For an X‐band phased array antenna system consisting of ferroelectric BST CPW phase shifters, power divider, dc block, patch antenna, and programmed dc power, the steering beam could be tilted by 15° in either direction.
Policy-relevant Webometrics for individual scientific fields

Despite over 10 years of research there is no agreement on the most suitable roles for Webometric indicators in support of research policy and almost no field-based Webometrics. This article partly fills these gaps by analyzing the potential of policy-relevant Webometrics for individual scientific fields with the help of 4 case studies. Although Webometrics cannot provide robust indicators of knowledge flows or research impact, it can provide some evidence of networking and mutual awareness. The scope of Webometrics is also relatively wide, including not only research organizations and firms but also intermediary groups like professional associations, Web portals, and government agencies. Webometrics can, therefore, provide evidence about the research process to compliment peer review, bibliometric, and patent indicators: tracking the early, mainly prepublication development of new fields and research funding initiatives, assessing the role and impact of intermediary organizations and the need for new ones, and monitoring the extent of mutual awareness in particular research areas.
Rectifying Various Scan-based Attacks on Secure IC'S

Designing of confidential ICs must satisfy many design rules in order to rectify the various attacks and to protect the secret data. Based on the concept of withholding information, on-chip comparisons for actual and expected response have already been proposed. From the security point of view, few limitations of existing method limit the security level. Some countermeasures have been proposed in order to secure the scan technique and on-chip comparison. In this paper, an additional inverter is introduced within the scan chain architecture. The introduction of flipped scan chain increases the switching of scan output and increases the complexity to retrieve the secret data. On comparing with Traditional scan chain, proposed method results in only negligible area overhead with high security level. This result shows that possible trials will be more than to hack the data. The proposed method can be applied for all scan testing.
The excellent charge storage stability of porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film electrets

The excellent charge storage stability both for negatively and positively corona charged porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was studied by the isothermal surface potential decay measurements after constant voltage corona charging at room and elevated temperatures. The corona charged samples were aged at different temperatures and open-circuit Thermally Stimulated Discharge (TSD) experiments carried out. The comparison of the charge storage stability was investigated among porous PTFE, solid PTFE and Teflon FEP electrets. Their charge lifetimes were estimated by means of isothermal depolarization program in the several selected temperatures.
Hector-a hierarchically structured shared memory multiprocessor

Hector is a shared-memory multiprocessor with a hierarchical interconnection structure that has three important advantages. First, it uses only short transmission lines and allows implementations with simple, modular hardware. This makes it scalable to match the needs of tomorrow's high speed microprocessors. Second, the cost and the overall bandwidth of the structure grow linearly with the number of processing modules. This makes Hector expandable to moderate sizes of up to 256 PMs, yet allows small-scale systems at a low cost. Finally, the cost of a memory access grows incrementally with the distance between the processor and memory location. This allows single threaded applications, applications with a small degree of parallelism, and applications with a high degree of locality in their memory accesses to exploit the low cost of localized memory accesses. <<ETX>>
Laser Beam Propagation in Nonlinear Optical Media

Light Propagation in Anisotropic Crystals Introduction Vectors Associated with Light Propagation Anisotropic Media Light Propagation in an Anisotropic Crystal Characteristics of the slow and the fast waves in a biaxial crystal Double Refraction and Optic Axes Propagation along the principal axes and along the principal Planes Uniaxial Crystals Propagation Equation in Presence of Walk-off Bibliography Nonlinear Optical Processes Introduction Second order susceptibility Properties of chi(2) d coefficients and the contracted notation The Non-zero d coefficients of biaxial crystals The Non-zero d coefficients of uniaxial crystals Frequency Conversion and Phase Matching Walk-off Angles Bibliography Effective d coefficient for Three-Wave mixing Processes Introduction Expressions for deff deff Values for Some Biaxial and Uniaxial Crystals of Different Classes deff for Uniaxial Crystals deff for Isotropic Crystals Nonlinear Propagation Equations and Solutions Nonlinear Propagation Equations Solutions to the Three Wave Mixing Equations in the Absence of Diffraction, Beam Walk-off and Absorption Unseeded Sum Frequency Generation (omega1 + omega2 = omega3) Unseeded Second Harmonic Generation (2omegap = omegas) SHG Conversion Efficiency for Focused Gaussian Beams Unseeded Difference Frequency Generation (omega1 = omega3 - omega2) Bibliography Quasi-Phase Matching Quasi Phase Matching, QPM Effects of focusing and pump depletion on quasi phase matched SHG Bibliography Optical Parametric Oscillation Optical Parametric Oscillation Bibliography Numerical Beam Propagation Methods Introduction Propagation in Linear Media Propagation in Nonlinear Media Application Examples Bibliography A Computer Codes for SFG Efficiency The MATLAB codes for the collimated Gaussian beam case The Fortran Source Codes For The Focused Beam Case Computer Codes for SHG Efficiency MATLAB code for SHG efficiency of collimated Gaussian Fortran Code For The Focused Beam Case The Fortran Source Code for QPM-SHG Efficiency qpmshg.f qpmshg _in. txt qpmshg_fileout. txt The Fortran Source Code for OPO Threshold and Efficiency OPO.f
Erlang Capacity of Cognitive Radio Systems Utilizing Buffer for Spectrum Handoff Calls

In this paper, the performance of cognitive radio network is analyzed in terms of Erlang capacity. To improve the Erlang capacity with respect to primary user (PU) and secondary user (SU) traffic, we propose an efficient radio resource management scheme utilizing the buffer for new SUs and interrupted SUs. Markov model is developed, and analyzed to derive the performances of the proposed spectrum sharing scheme in both primary system and secondary system. To determine the Erlang capacity region, the blocking probability, the forced termination probability and the non-completion probability are calculated. Simulation results provide insight into the advantages of the buffer utilization. It is observed that the supportable traffic loads of PU and SU can be increased significantly according to the buffer length.
Tracking Mobile Sink Without Assistance of GPS

Mobility for data gathering has drawn substantial interests in recent years; the mobility of the sink raises new issues of energy efficiency and connectivity in communications. The current research is either focused on planning a mobile sink’s moving trajectory in advance to achieve optimized network performance, or at collecting a small portion of sensed data in the network. The precalculated trajectories may not be applicable for mobile sinks in some deployed areas. To overcome these problems, the proposed system introduces new way for mobile sink-based data collection. The proposed protocols features have lowcomplexity and reduced control overheads.
Securing Java: getting down to business with mobile code

Mobile Code and Security: Why Java Security Is Important The Base Java Security Model: The Original Applet Sandbox Beyond the Sandbox: Signed Code and Java 2 Malicious Applets: Avoiding a Common Nuisance Attack Applets: Exploiting Holes in the Security Model Securing Java: Improvements, Solutions, and Snake Oil Java Security Guidelines: Developing and Using Java More Securely Java Card Security: How Smart Cards and Java Mix The Future of Java Security: Challenges Facing Mobile Code Appendices References Index.
Component-Based Development for Enterprise Systems: Applying the SELECT Perspective

1. Overview 2. The perspective architecture 3. Business process modeling 4. Use case modeling 5. Class modeling 6. Object interaction modeling 7. State modeling 8. Business oriented component modeling 9. Component modeling of legacy assets 10. Deployment modeling 11. The perspective process 12. The solution process 13. The perspective process 14. Perspective teams 15. Case study: VWX Software Inc. Appendix A. Deliverables Appendix B. Relational mappings Glossary.
IMMOBILE RANDOM SENSOR NETWORKS FOR INTRUDER DETECTION

Networks consisting of large number of small sensors can be used to watch over areas for intruders, fires and other threats. In the work presented here, we have used computer simulations to study how a network of randomly distributed sensor motes which know their geometrical location can be used to detect an intruder who is approaching a military base camp. If a mote detects an intruder it has to send an alarm to the base. Because the average distance from mote to base is much larger than the transmitting range these alarm messages must be picked up and forwarded by the direct neighbours of the mote. For an efficient energy usage an altered greedy algorithm is used to send the messages from one mote to the other until it is received by the basis. In order to avoid false alarms we state that a minimum of 3 messages should be received at the base before action is taken. Furthermore to be able to take the necessary measures, the messages should be received before the intruder gets half way to the base. Simulations with a variety of densities are performed to seek an optimum for detection and network load. Our simulations show that the demands can be fulfilled with at least an average number of neighbours of 7.
Statistical Source Channel Models for Natural Language Understanding

The problem of Natural Language Understanding (NLU) has intrigued researchers since the 1960's. Most researchers working in computational linguistics focus on linguistic solutions to their problems. They develop grammars and parsers to process the input natural language into a meaning representation. In this thesis, a new approach is utilized. Borrowing from the field of communication theory, an information theoretic approach to natural language understanding is applied. This is based on the source-channel model of communication. The source-channel model of NLU assumes that the user has a meaning in the domain of the application that he wishes to convey. This meaning is sent through a noisy channel. The observer receives the English sentence as output from the noisy channel. The observer then submits the English sentence to a decoder, which determines the meaning most likely to have generated the English. The decoder uses mathematical models of the channel and the meanings to process the English sentence. Thus, the following problems must be addressed in a source-channel model for NLU: (1) A mathematical model of the noisy-channel must be developed. (2) The parameters of the model must be set, either manually or by an automatic training procedure. (3) A decoder must be built to search through the meaning space for the most likely meaning to have generated the observed English. This dissertation focuses on the first two of these problems. Several mathematical models of the noisy channel are developed. They are trained from a corpus of context independent sentence pairs consisting of both English and the corresponding meaning. The parameters of the models are trained to maximize the likelihood of the model's prediction of the observed training data using the Expectation-Maximization algorithm. Results are presented for the Air Travel Information Service (ATIS) domain.
Propagação in vitro e aclimatização de Mentha piperita L.

A hortela-pimenta (Mentha piperita L.), tambem conhecida como menta ou sândalo e uma erva aromatica anual ou perene, com ramos de cor verde escura a roxa purpurea, originaria da Europa. E muito utilizada como condimento, bem como para fins medicinais, alimenticios e cosmeticos. O oleo essencial extraido de suas folhas e rico na mistura de mentol (50%), mentona e mentofurano, os quais sao responsaveis pelo seu agradavel odor. O oleo essencial extraido das suas folhas possui muitas propriedades, dentre elas antiespasmodica, anti-inlamatoria, antiulcera e antiviral. O cultivo in vitro tem importante papel na producao de plantas medicinais no que diz respeito a independencia da variacao sazonal, a producao em massa, identificacao e producao de clones com as caracteristicas desejadas e a manipulacao do microambiente para maior producao do metabolito de interesse, em larga escala, curto periodo e espacos reduzidos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi otimizar um protocolo de micropropagacao de hortela-pimenta, visando a producao de mudas uniformes e de boa qualidade fitossanitaria. Para o estabelecimento in vitro foram utilizados segmentos nodais de plantas cultivadas em casa de vegetacao, desinfestados em solucoes com hipoclorito de sodio na concentracao de 1,0 % de cloro ativo acrescidos de duas gotas de detergente, pelo tempo de exposicao de 10 minutos. Apos a assepsia os explantes foram inoculados em meio MS (100%), acrescido de 0; 1,0 e 2,0 mg L -1 de BAP (benzilaminopurina) e 0; 0,25 e 0,50 mg L -1 de ANA (acido naftalenoacetico). A aclimatizacao das plantas oriundas da fase de multiplicacao in vitro foi realizada em garrafas de 2L tipo PET, utilizando como substrato casca de arroz carbonizada e solo. Aos 30 dias de cultivo, houve maior desenvolvimento dos brotos e gemas axilares, quando tratadas com 2,0 mg L -1 de BAP, na ausencia de ANA. O maior numero de raizes formadas foi observado nos meios ausentes de BAP e com 0,5 mg L -1 de ANA, enquanto a altura atingiu maiores proporcoes tambem na ausencia de BAP e 0,25 mg L -1 de ANA. A combinacao dos reguladores de crescimento BAP e ANA e determinante para aumentar a taxa de multiplicacao in vitro de M. piperita, entretanto o uso de BAP nao e necessario para aumentar a media da altura das plantas e nem para a formacao de raizes. O numero medio de brotacoes e de gemas axilares desenvolvidos durante o processo de aclimatizacao nao e influenciada pelas combinacoes de BAP e ANA utilizadas na etapa de multiplicacao in vitro , porem as maiores medias de altura das plantas aclimatizadas foram observadas nas plantas tratadas previamente com ANA.
Enhanced SHA-1 on Parsing Method and Message Digest Formula

The Secure Hash Algorithm is one of the most commonly used hashing algorithms on the time being. Experts are proposing for much secured SHA-1 because of some reports and study conducted on SHA-1 collision attacks. The aim of the enhanced Secure Hash Algorithm -1 (SHA-1) is to strengthen its original version that is expected to resist possible SHA-1 collision attacks. The enhanced SHA-1 had integrated the following modification: 1) Enhancement on the preprocessing, specifically on the parsing method. 2) The message digest and the final message digest formula was enhanced by giving additional shifting, xoring and improved mathematical formula. The enhanced SHA-1 maintains its original rounds which consist of 80 rounds and message digest output of 160 bit. Based from the result, the enhanced algorithm specifically on mathematical calculation of parsing method and message digest had shown great effects on its result on the hash value despite of a very minimal time delay, the enhanced algorithm is better and more secure.
A Multimedia display extension to SQL: Language Design and Architecture

We propose here a loosely-bound SQL extension that will allow users to include high-level display speciications with an SQL query, particularly when dealing with multimedia databases. This way, the user can specify both the data that needs to be extracted and how it should be displayed. We also describe an architecture that will allow a relatively simple implementation of dynamic query browsers using the proposed query language on stand-alone applications or Web pages. We have implemented a major subset of our proposed extension and are working on a complete prototype.
Adaptive oscillators anticipate movements in human-robot interactions

Renaud Ronsse Centre for Research in Mechatronics Université catholique de Louvain 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium Email: renaud.ronsse@uclouvain.be Tommaso Lenzi, Nicola Vitiello, Stefano MM De Rossi, and Maria C Carrozza The Biorobotics Institute Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna 56025 Pontedera (Pi), Italy Bram Koopman, Edwin van Asseldonk, and Herman van der Kooij Biomechanical Engineering Laboratory University of Twente 7500 EA Enschede, The Netherlands Jesse van den Kieboom, and Auke J Ijspeert Biorobotics Laboratory École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Deanonymisation techniques for Tor and Bitcoin

This thesis is devoted to low-resource off-path deanonymisation techniques for two popular systems, Tor and Bitcoin. Tor is a software and an anonymity network which in order to confuse an observer encrypts and re-routes traffic over random pathways through several relays before it reaches the destination. Bitcoin is a distributed payment system in which payers and payees can hide their identities behind pseudonyms (public keys) of their choice. The estimated number of daily Tor users is 2,000,000 which makes it arguable the most used anonymity network. Bitcoin is the most popular cryptocurrency with market capitalization about 3.5 billion USD. In the first part of the thesis we study the Tor network. At the beginning we show how to remotely find out which Tor relays are connected. This effectively allows for an attacker to reduce Tor users’ anonymity by ruling out impossible paths in the network. Later we analyze the security of Tor Hidden Services. We look at them from different attack perspectives and provide a systematic picture of what information can be obtained with very inexpensive means. We expose flaws both in the design and implementation of Tor Hidden Services that allow an attacker to measure the popularity of arbitrary hidden services, efficiently collect hidden service descriptors (and thus get a global picture of all hidden services in Tor), take down hidden services and deanonymize hidden services. In the second part we study Bitcoin anonymity. We describe a generic method to deanonymize a significant fraction of Bitcoin users and correlate their pseudonyms with their public IP addresses. We discover that using Bitcoin through Tor not only provides limited level of anonymity but also exposes the user to man-in-the middle attacks in which an attacker controls which Bitcoin blocks and transactions the user is aware of. We show how to fingerprint Bitcoin users by setting an “address cookie” on their computers. This can be used to correlate the same user across different sessions, even if he uses Tor, hidden-services or multiple proxies. Finally, we describe a new anonymous decentralized micropayments scheme in which clients do not pay services with electronic cash directly but submit proof of work shares which the services can resubmit to a crypto-currency mining pool. Services credit users with tickets that can later be used to purchases enhanced services.
The WebLabs Project: Building New Formalisms for Mathematical and Scientific Ideas

This symposium will report the findings of the WebLabs project, a three-year research study funded by the European Union, investigating students' modelling of mathematical and scientific ideas. The fundamental idea of the project is twofold. First, to design and build "transparent modules" (TMs), carefully packaged sets of tools with which students can construct working models of their evolving knowledge in the specific domains chosen. TMs are modules in the sense that each has embedded within it a set of mathematical and scientific ideas that are operationalised in the form of working models. They are transparent in the sense that it is relatively straightforward to inspect the mechanism that makes the modules work, to manipulate and change them, and to rebuild them as necessary.
An introduction to urban geographic information systems

Geographic information systems (GIS) combine computer graphics technology with data base structures and techniques of spatial analysis. The technology is growing rapidly as cities and counties have begun to investigate GIS as a solution to their information processing problems. This book, the second in the series Spatial Information Systems, describes the basic concepts of automated mapping, data base structures, topological structures, land records information, and spatial analysis techniques with specific reference to US models.