Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Insulin detemir versus insulin glargine for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND Chronically elevated blood glucose levels are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Many diabetes patients will eventually require insulin treatment to maintain good glycaemic control. There are still uncertainties about the optimal insulin treatment regimens for type 2 diabetes, but the long-acting insulin analogues seem beneficial. Several reviews have compared either insulin detemir or insulin glargine to NPH insulin, but research directly comparing both insulin analogues is limited. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of insulin detemir and insulin glargine compared with each other in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, online registries of ongoing trials and abstract books. Date of last search was January 2011. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised controlled trials comparing insulin detemir with insulin glargine with a duration of 12 weeks or longer were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently selected the studies and extracted the data. Pooling of studies by means of random-effects meta-analysis was performed. MAIN RESULTS This review examined four trials lasting 24 to 52 weeks involving 2250 people randomised to either insulin detemir or glargine. Overall, risk of bias of the evaluated studies was high. Insulin glargine was dosed once-daily in the evening. Insulin detemir was initiated once-daily in the evening with the option of an additional dose in the morning in three studies and initiated twice-daily in one study. Of randomised patients 13.6% to 57.2% were injecting insulin detemir twice-daily at the end of trial.Glycaemic control, measured by glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and HbA1c equal to or less than 7% with or without hypoglycaemia, did not differ statistically significantly between treatment groups.The results showed no significant differences in overall, nocturnal and severe hypoglycaemia between treatment groups.Insulin detemir was associated with less weight gain. Treatment with insulin glargine resulted in a lower daily basal insulin dose and a lower number of injection site reactions.There was no significant difference in the variability of FPG or glucose values in 24-hour profiles between treatment groups. It was not possible to draw conclusions on quality of life, costs or mortality. Only one trial reported results on health-related quality of life and showed no significant differences between treatment groups. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Our analyses suggest that there is no clinically relevant difference in efficacy or safety between insulin detemir and insulin glargine for targeting hyperglycaemia. However, to achieve the same glycaemic control insulin detemir was often injected twice-daily in a higher dose but with less weight gain, while insulin glargine was injected once-daily, with somewhat fewer injection site reactions.
Face Liveness Verification Based on Hyperspectrum Analysis

Face liveness verification is an important procedure against fraud for many applications of face recognition. In this paper, a face liveness verification method based on hyper-spectrum analysis is proposed. Based on the hyperspectral face images collected by a hyperspectral camera, the spectral characteristics of real human faces and face photos in various lighting conditions and feature positions are studied. Firstly, the most distinguishing spectral bands are selected with a feature selection method. Secondly, the recognition results in single position is obtained using support vector machines (SVM). Lastly, the recognition results of multiple positions are voted to get a final classification result. The experimental results show that human faces display different spectral characteristics in different lighting conditions and feature positions, and the proposed approach can effectively distinguish real human faces from face photos.
One handed tracking in six degrees of freedom

The effect of movement in each of the six degrees of freedom (d.o.f.) on operator tracking performance is studied. Subjects used a single six-d.o. f. hand controller to track a target ball with a control ball on a computer monitor. Depth cues in the displayed tracking environment made tracking in three dimensions possible. Three sets of experiments were conducted in which movement occurred in one, three, and six d.o. f. at a time. Root mean square error (r.m.s.e.) was calculated for each d.o. f. as the measure of performance. The experiments were performed with velocity and acceleration control plant inputs. <<ETX>>
Prediction of total transfer capability using ANN in restructured power system

The work proposed embodies prediction of total transfer capability in a restructured power system using artificial neural network under normal and single line outage conditions. A suitable feed forward network with 14 hidden layer neurons is designed to predict transfer capability in a modified IEEE 14-bus test system. Line status, initial voltage magnitude at all the 14 buses and loading in buyer area are taken as input variables while total transfer capability is taken as output of neural network. A novel approach to introduce line stability index as one of the constraints along with voltage magnitude, reactive power limits and angular stability is presented in this work. Predicted results from artificial neural network (ANN) are compared with conventional repeated power flow method to determine relative error between the predicted and calculated results. Maximum relative error obtained is 1.698651% which is quite acceptable considering speed of prediction.
Artery‐to‐Artery Thromboembolism in Cervicocephalic Arteries and Its Potential Roles in Development of Brain Infarction

Artery-to-artery embolism from atherosclerotic lesions of the proximal arteries has been increasingly recognized as one of the mechanisms inducing cerebral ischemic lesions such as TIA, amaurosis fugax, and certain kinds of stroke. ' In the clinical study, however, artery-to-artery embolism is difficult to definitely diagnose, and thus, analysis of autopsy-proven cases is necessary to know the characteristics of artery-to-artery embolism and its potential role in development of brain infarcts. In the present study, we attempted to characterize not only the carotid arterial lesion as an embolic source, but also the brain lesions caused by atheromatous embolism.
Prostate Cancer Susceptibility Polymorphism rs2660753 Is Not Associated with Invasive Ovarian Cancer

Background: We previously reported an association between rs2660753, a prostate cancer susceptibility polymorphism, and invasive epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC; OR = 1.2, 95% CI=1.0–1.4, Ptrend = 0.01) that showed a stronger association with the serous histological subtype (OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.1–1.5, Ptrend = 0.003). Methods: We sought to replicate this association in 12 other studies comprising 4,482 cases and 6,894 controls of white non-Hispanic ancestry in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium. Results: No evidence for an association with all cancers or serous cancers was observed in a combined analysis of data from the replication studies (all: OR = 1.0, 95% CI = 0.9–1.1, Ptrend = 0.61; serous: OR = 1.0, 95% CI = 0.9–1.1, Ptrend = 0.85) or from the combined analysis of discovery and replication studies (all: OR = 1.0, 95% CI = 1.0–1.1, Ptrend = 0.28; serous: OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 1.0–1.2, Ptrend = 0.11). There was no evidence for statistical heterogeneity in ORs across the studies. Conclusions: Although rs2660753 is a strong prostate cancer susceptibility polymorphism, the association with another hormonally related cancer, invasive EOC, is not supported by this replication study. Impact: Our findings, based on a larger sample size, emphasize the importance of replicating potentially promising genetic risk associations. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(5); 1028–31. ©2011 AACR.
Freeze Tolerance of Seed-Producing Turf Bermudagrasses.

Bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. , suffers periodic severe winter-kill throughout much of its area of use in the contiguous USA. A research goal is to increase freeze tolerance in cultivars to lessen the risk of such damage. An identified research need is for Cynodon germplasm resources to be characterized for freeze tolerance and hybridization potential. Accordingly, the objective of this research was to characterize the relative freeze tolerance of selected fertile bermudagrass plants. Nine tetraploid (2n = 4x = 36) C. dactylon and two triploid (2n = 3x = 27) hybrid (C. dactylon x C. transvaalensis Burtt Davy) clonal plants (standards) were evaluated in two experiments. Plants were propagated clonally and established in Cone-tainers (Ray Leach Cone-tainer Nursery, Canby, OR) for about 10 wk. Acclimation took place for 4 wk in controlled environment chambers at 8/2 degrees C (day/night) temperatures with a 10-h photoperiod. Following acclimation, Cone-tainers were placed into a freeze chamber and cooled rapidly to -2 degrees C, induced to freeze with ice chips, then held overnight at -2 degrees C. The freeze chamber was then programmed to cool linearly at 1 degrees C per hour. For each cultivar, three Cone-tainers were removed at each test temperature. Following thawing, Cone-tainers were transferred to a greenhouse and regrowth was evaluated visually. Nonlinear regression was used to estimate T(mid), which corresponded to the midpoint of the sigmoidal response curve of survival vs temperature. Within experiment one, Tifgreen (T(mid) = -7.2 degrees C) was significantly less cold hardy than Quickstand (-9.0 degrees C), A-12204 (-9.2 degrees C), Midiron (-9.9 degrees C), and A-12195 (-10.5 degrees C). A-12195 was significantly hardier than all genotypes except Midiron. In the second experiment, Arizona Common (-6.6 degrees C), Tifgreen (-7.1 degrees C), and A-12205 (-7.1 degrees C) were less hardy than A-9959 (-8.7 degrees C), A-12156 (-8.9 degrees C), A-12198 (-9.5 degrees C), and Midiron (-10.0 degrees C). Midiron was hardier than all genotypes except A-12198. The range of test temperatures chosen did not allow estimate of a T(mid) value for Zebra, but nearly 50% of the plants were killed at -6.0 degrees C.
Conversion of biomass hydrolysates and other substrates to ethanol and other chemicals by Lactobacillus buchneri *

Aims: A Lactobacillus buchneri strain NRRL B‐30929 can convert xylose and glucose into ethanol and chemicals. The aims of the study were to survey three strains (NRRL B‐30929, NRRL 1837 and DSM 5987) for fermenting 17 single substrates and to exam NRRL B‐30929 for fermenting mixed substrates from biomass hydrolysates.
Calibration Maintenance and Transfer Using Tikhonov Regularization Approaches

Maintaining multivariate calibrations is essential and involves keeping models developed on an instrument applicable to predicting new samples over time. Sometimes a primary instrument model is needed to predict samples measured on secondary instruments. This situation is referred to as calibration transfer. This paper reports on using a Tikhonov regularization (TR) based method in both cases. A distinction of the TR design for calibration maintenance and transfer is a defined weighting scheme for a small set of new (transfer or standardization) samples augmented to the full set of calibration samples. Because straight application of basic TR theory is not always possible with calibration maintenance and transfer, this paper develops a generic solution to always enable application of TR. Harmonious (bias/variance tradeoff) and parsimonious (effective rank) considerations for TR are compared with the same TR format applied to partial least squares (PLS), showing that both approaches are viable solutions to the calibration maintenance and transfer problems.
Coverage Hole Repair in WSNs Using Cascaded Neighbor Intervention

Sufficient coverage of the sensing field is critical for many applications in wireless sensor networks. However, the network can experience coverage holes when one or more sensor nodes stop functioning due to energy depletion or physical damage. This impairs network connectivity and impedes performance. Therefore, it is imperative to automatically repair the coverage hole as it occurs. In this paper, we propose a novel distributed algorithm called neighbor intervention by farthest point that repairs coverage holes using mobile sensor nodes in the immediate vicinity. Participating nodes collaborate to approximate the area of the hole, then consider their coverage redundancy, residual energy, and moving distance to select a suitable replacement to cover it. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by simulation. We compared the performance of the proposed algorithm with several baseline approaches using extensive simulations. The results show that the proposed algorithm substantially outperforms the baseline algorithms.
Application of a New Energy-Efficient Protocol for MAC Layer for E-Health

The formula E = Pt still hold true as we forge ahead in our unending quest to extend power lifetime in e-Health wireless sensors. Our research work proposes predictive MAC manipulation and intelligent node clustering with associated algorithms to further lower the energy consumption of e-Health devices equipped with wireless sensors. Predictive manipulation of MAC involves powering on and off the wireless radio at predetermined intervals for maximum energy utilization, coupled with the ability of each node to predictively send messages only to predetermined nodes. Our approach equally utilizes a central gateway server to periodically optimize, and reprogram nodes' predictive behavior. This approach is similar to an orchestra conductor, predictively directing which instrument or tenor should be played and for how long. Our predictive MAC manipulation equally reduces channel contention rates amongst related nodes, since the channel is available only to the sending node within each cluster.
Evaluate an immunization record model by remote user interaction through Internet

Assessment of health information system (HIS) during development can help to identify and resolve system weakness. Prototype helps to depict system behavior and some of the features of the eventual program to the end-user in early development stages. Think aloud and constructive interactions are two common usability engineering methods that suggested for system evaluation. In this paper, we proposed to use constructive interaction method to evaluate an immunization record model, and we used Skype to test the model over distance with the help of health professionals. Constructive interaction was effective in this study because Skype allowed face-to-face communication, and tasks were distributed among people in each session. Skype helped users in separate location work collaboratively on evaluation process.
A Computational Study Using Time Reversal Focusing for Hyperthermia Treatment Planning

In hyperthermia treatment planning (HTP) the goal is to find the amplitudes and phases of antennas in the applicator to efficiently heat the tumor. To do this prior information regarding tumor characteristics such as the size, position and geometry, in addition to an exact model of the hyperthermia applicator is needed. Based on this information, the optimal frequency of operation can be determined. In this paper the optimum frequency for hyperthermia treatment based on the tumor and applicator characteristics, using time reversal as the focusing technique, is studied. As prior information, we consider tumor size and position, the number of the antennas in the applicator and the frequency characteristics. The obtained optimal frequency range is found using hyperthermia quality indicator values calculated from simulations. We also determine the optimum position of the virtual source in the initial step of the time reversal method to increase the quality of the treatment.
Evidence-based Dentistry and the Dental Research Community

T he dental research community (academic and nonacademic research and funding agencies) is supported Tby society principally in expectation that research findings will improve the public's oral health. Clinicians' incorporation of dental research findings into their care of individual patients is central to maximizing the benefit and reducing the harm of treatment (Clarkson et al., 1999). Taxpayers' investment in dental research over the last 50 years has led to significant improvements in oral health status. Yet the success of dental research in answering clinically relevant questions related to diagnosis, risk assessment, and outcomes of dental care has so far been limited. For some of these areas, there is evidence that has not been transferred into practice, and for others the evidence is either lacking or of poor quality. Currently, a new approach for facilitating the process of defining a clinically relevant research agenda and translating research into practice is being advocated in the health-related disciplines. Evidence-based health care depends on forging effective links among producing the evidence, making the evidence available, and using the evidence. An evidence-based approach can directly affect the process for defining research priorities and how the results of dental research are translated into practice. Evidence-based dentistry (EBD), if endorsed by the dental profession, including the research community, may well influence the extent to which society values dental research. Hence, dental researchers should understand the precepts of EBD, and should also recognize the challenges it presents to the research community to strengthen the available evidence and improve the processes of summarizing the evidence and translating it into practice.
Variable Step Size Adaptive Sub-Sample Delay Estimation Using a Quadrature Phase Detector

A new adaptive delay estimation algorithm with variable step size based upon a quadrature phase detector and a fractional delay filter (FDF) is introduced. The estimator improves the convergence rate of the recently proposed adaptive quadrature delay estimator (QDE). This convergence parameter is a function of the phase error. Simulation results verify the improved performance in terms of convergence rate and stability, especially when the convergence factor mu is small and SNR is low.
The Alleged Crisis and the Illusion of Exact Replication

There has been increasing criticism of the way psychologists conduct and analyze studies. These critiques as well as failures to replicate several high-profile studies have been used as justification to proclaim a “replication crisis” in psychology. Psychologists are encouraged to conduct more “exact” replications of published studies to assess the reproducibility of psychological research. This article argues that the alleged “crisis of replicability” is primarily due to an epistemological misunderstanding that emphasizes the phenomenon instead of its underlying mechanisms. As a consequence, a replicated phenomenon may not serve as a rigorous test of a theoretical hypothesis because identical operationalizations of variables in studies conducted at different times and with different subject populations might test different theoretical constructs. Therefore, we propose that for meaningful replications, attempts at reinstating the original circumstances are not sufficient. Instead, replicators must ascertain that conditions are realized that reflect the theoretical variable(s) manipulated (and/or measured) in the original study.
A multilayer gated bilinear classifier: From optimizing a deep rectified network to a support vector machine

A deep neural network (DNN) is called as a deep rectified network (DRN), if using Rectified Linear Units (ReLUs) as its activation function. In this paper, we show its parameters can be seen to play two important roles simultaneously: one for determining the subnetworks corresponding to the inputs and the other for the parameters of those subnetworks. This observation leads our paper to proposing a method to combine a DNN and an SVM, as a deep classifier. For a DRN trained by a common tuning algorithm, a multilayer gated bilinear classifier is designed to mimic its functionality. Its parameter set is duplicated into two independent sets, playing different roles. One set is used to generate gate signals so as to determine subnetworks corresponding to its inputs, and keeps fixed when optimizing the classifier. The other set serves as parameters of subnetworks, which are linear classifiers. Therefore, their parameters can be implicitly optimized by applying SVM optimizations. Since the DRN is only to generate gate signals, we show in experiments, that it can be trained by using supervised, or unsupervised learning, and even by transfer learning.
Hahn 1 A longitudinal analysis of women ’ s salivary testosterone and intrasexual competitiveness Short title : Sex hormones and intrasexual competition

Research on within-subject changes in women’s intrasexual competitiveness has generally focused on possible relationships between women’s intrasexual competitiveness and estimates of their fertility. While this approach is useful for testing hypotheses about the adaptive function of changes in women’s intrasexual competitiveness, it offers little insight into the proximate mechanisms through which such changes might occur. To investigate this issue, we carried out a longitudinal study of the hormonal correlates of changes in intrasexual competitiveness in a large sample of heterosexual women (N=136). Each woman provided saliva samples and completed an intrasexual competitiveness questionnaire in five weekly test sessions. Multilevel modeling of these data revealed a significant, positive within-subject effect of testosterone on intrasexual competitiveness, indicating that women reported greater intrasexual competitiveness when testosterone was high. By contrast, there were no significant effects of estradiol, progesterone, estradiol-toprogesterone ratio, or cortisol and no significant effects of any hormones on reported relationship jealousy. This is the first study to demonstrate correlated changes in measured testosterone levels and women’s reported intrasexual competitiveness, implicating testosterone in the regulation of women’s intrasexual competitiveness.
Stem Cell Characteristics of Amniotic Epithelial Cells

Amniotic epithelial cells develop from the epiblast by 8 days after fertilization and before gastrulation, opening the possibility that they might maintain the plasticity of pregastrulation embryo cells. Here we show that amniotic epithelial cells isolated from human term placenta express surface markers normally present on embryonic stem and germ cells. In addition, amniotic epithelial cells express the pluripotent stem cell–specific transcription factors octamer‐binding protein 4 (Oct‐4) and nanog. Under certain culture conditions, amniotic epithelial cells form spheroid structures that retain stem cell characteristics. Amniotic epithelial cells do not require other cell‐derived feeder layers to maintain Oct‐4 expression, do not express telomerase, and are nontumorigenic upon transplantation. Based on immunohistochemical and genetic analysis, amniotic epithelial cells have the potential to differentiate to all three germ layers—endoderm (liver, pancreas), mesoderm (cardiomyocyte), and ectoderm (neural cells) in vitro. Amnion derived from term placenta after live birth may be a useful and noncontroversial source of stem cells for cell transplantation and regenerative medicine.