Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pathogenicity and drug susceptibility of the Pasteurella anatis isolated in chickens in Taiwan.

SUMMARY. A strain of Pasteurella anatis (PA) was isolated from the sinus of an adult leghorn laying chicken with sinusitis, nasal discharge, drop in egg production, and low mortality, symptoms initially thought to indicate infectious coryza. The tiny, smooth, whitish colonies were identified as PA. To compare its pathogenicity with that of commercial broilers, nine groups, 10 birds per group, of 10-day-old broilers were individually inoculated with the strain of PA, Pasteurella multocida (PM), or Escherichia coli (EC) by intravenous, intraperitoneal, intramuscular, or subcutaneous inoculation. The PA was determined to cause the signs, lesions, and septicemic death, which are similar to the symptoms of PM or EC infection. At 1 wk postinfection (PI), the mortality rate was between that of PM and EC infection at 1 wk PI. Twenty antimicrobial-containing discs were evaluated, and the isolate was highly sensitive to cetiofer, amoxicillin, lincopectin, and furazolidone. Furthermore, it was moderately sensitive to tetracycline and enrofloxacin and only slightly sensitive to cephalothin, chloramphenicol, flumequine, nalidixic acid, neomycin, oxolinic acid, streptomycin, and trimethoprim. The PA infection was treated successfully with amoxicillin.
Comparison of changes in fatness of sows in high pregnancy and at weaning and determination of their association with reproduction results and rearing of piglets.

Sixty crossbred sows were investigated for the effect of the level of fat reserves in high pregnancy and pre-weaning changes in lipid reserves on reproductive performance of sows and rearing of piglets. At 104 days of pregnancy and at weaning, sows were analysed for body weight, P2 and P4 backfat thickness and M. Longissimus dorsi (MLD) thickness at P4M (Piglog 105). Sows were grouped according to mean backfat thickness (P2 + P4)/2 at 104 days of pregnancy into primiparous (P2 + P4)/2>18 mm (group I), primiparous (P2 + P4)/2≤18 mm (group II), multiparous (P2 + P4)/2>20 mm (group I) and multiparous (P2 + P4)/2≤20 mm (group II). The body weight of sows from group I was higher than sows from group II at 104 days of pregnancy (P ≤ 0.05) and at weaning (P ≤ 0.01). As assumed in the experiment, fatness in high pregnant sows (points P2 and P4) was significantly higher in group I than in group II (P ≤ 0.01), and the differences between the groups persisted when piglets were weaned (P ≤ 0.01). At weaning, sows from group II had a significantly greater P4M thickness compared to sows from group I. The differences in backfat thickness in late-pregnant sows in groups I and II and in the loss of fat reserves during a 21-day lactation had no effect on reproduction results and rearing of piglets. Sows lost body weight to a small extent and fat reserves to a moderate degree; the changes were greater in primiparous than multiparous sows, regardless of the group (I or II).
VH Gene Analysis of Primary Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphomas: Evidence for Ongoing Somatic Hypermutation and Isotype Switching

Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas are B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas that arise in the skin. The major subtypes discerned are follicle center cell lymphomas, immunocytomas (marginal zone B-cell lymphomas), and large B-cell lymphomas of the leg. In this study, we analyzed the variable heavy chain (VH) genes of 7 of these lymphomas, ie, 4 follicle center cell lymphomas (diffuse large-cell lymphomas) and 3 immunocytomas. We show that all these lymphomas carry heavily mutated VH genes, with no obvious bias in VH gene usage. The low ratios of replacement versus silent mutations observed in the framework regions of 5 of the 7 lymphomas suggest that the structure of the B-cell antigen receptor was preserved, as in normal B cells that are selected for antibody expression. Moreover, evidence for ongoing mutation was obtained in 3 immunocytomas and in one lymphoma of large-cell type. In addition, in 1 immunocytoma, both IgG- and IgA-expressing clones were found, indicative of isotype switching. Our data provide insight into the biology of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas and may be of significance for their classification.
Measuring the quality of long-term care in institutional and community settings

Our objective lies in clarifying the basic issues in long-term care LTC policy, describing instruments for the comprehensfve assessment of those receiving LTC In institutional and community settings. and demonstrating how the assessment database could be used to measure quality. A clearly defined LTC policy is needed to avoid distortions and fiscal strains in programmes designed for health, social welfare and housing. Since the need for LTC services can be broadly interpreted, policy-makers should first focus on developing entitlement standards to ensure equitable access. Next, the locus should be on measuring quality by collecting data on the process of care and how it impacts on the functional, cognitive and emotional status or the recipients. The development of the MOS (Minimum Data Set in the United States was a break through towards obtaining accurate data for this purpose. The MDS has been mandated In virtually every nursing home In the United States since 1991, and also In Iceland and two provinces In Canada. It has been translated and validated in over 20 countries. A home cere version of the MDS, the MDS-HC. has been developed by InterRAI, an International non-profit organisation of researchers and clinicians. This development shares core assessment items so that seamless care can be provided regardless of site. while also having specific items tailored to meet the unique needs in home care. Using the databases of the MDS and MDS-HC, quality indicators have been developed to compare quality among providers within and across countries. In Canada, data for hospitals providing complex continuing care in the province of Ontario showed that a third of patients were restrained on a daily basis, which might lead to pressure ulcers. This finding contributed to the recent adoption of more restrictive policies on restraint use in Ontario. Otherwise, the pilot Implementation of quality indicators in single point entry agencies to community and institutional services still in Ontario showed that a high proportion of clients who would potentially have benefited from rehabilitation did not receive such services.
Lung-protective perioperative mechanical ventilation

Intraoperative ventilation has the potential to cause lung injury and possibly increase risk of pulmonary complications after surgery. Use of large tidal volumes could cause overdistension of lung tissue, which can be aggravated by too high levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Too low levels of PEEP, though, could result in repetitive opening and closing of lung tissue. The main aim of this thesis was to investigate the effect of intraoperative use of higher levels of PEEP and recruitment manoeuvres on occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). We hypothesized that this strategy would protect against development of PPCs during low tidal volume ventilation. We further investigated several other aspects of perioperative ventilation, focussing on associations between ventilator settings and PPCs and outcome. The main finding is that ventilation with higher levels of PEEP does not seem to reduce development of PPCs during low tidal volume ventilation in non-obese patients undergoing major surgery. High levels of PEEP may even be detrimental by causing hemodynamic compromise and maybe even by increasing the risk of PPCs. We further show that lung-protective strategies using low tidal volumes combined with higher levels of PEEP reduce the incidence of PPCs, but do not shorten hospital length of stay, or improve survival. In the event of pulmonary complications, patients do have longer lengths of stay and higher incidence of mortality. Finally, use of higher levels of PEEP during postoperative ventilation after cardiac surgery resulted in better compliance and oxygenation, but this was not sustained after extubation.
Forest without prey: livestock sustain a leopard Panthera pardus population in Pakistan

Abstract Human–carnivore conflict is one of the major challenges in the management of populations of large carnivores. Concerns include the increasing human population; habitat loss as a result of degradation and fragmentation of forest; and livestock predation as a result of a lack of natural prey, leading to retaliatory killings of wild carnivores. Conflicts may be further aggravated by occasional attacks that result in injury and loss of human life. The level of consumption of prey species by a predator is a benchmark to evaluate the scale of this conflict. We used a newly developed DNA-based diet analysis to study the prey profile of common leopards Panthera pardus in Ayubia National Park, Pakistan. The results suggest that the common leopard is a generalist predator, subsisting mainly on domestic animals. Based on the frequency of occurrence of prey items in 57 faecal samples, the diet of the leopard is dominated by domestic goat Capra hircus (64.9%), followed by domestic dog Canis lupus familiaris (17.5%) and cow Bos taurus (12.3%). Domestic animals (goat, dog, cow, water buffalo Bubalus bubalis, horse Equus caballus and sheep Ovis aries) occurred in 54 (95%) of the 57 samples. We recommend a two-step strategy to mitigate this conflict: (1) introducing incentives for increased acceptance of leopards among local communities in the vicinity of the protected area and (2) increasing the availability of wild prey. We hope that the results of this study will contribute to the survival of the leopard in Pakistan.
Brucelosis, una zoonosis presente en la población: estudio de series de tiempo en México

Objetivo. Determinar el comportamiento de la incidencia de brucelosis humana en Mexico durante el periodo 2000-2011 y su relacion con la brucelosis en rumiantes domesticos. Material y metodos. En estudio ecologico de series de tiempo se analizaron, mediante regresion Poisson multinivel multiple, la incidencia de brucelosis humanas durante 2000-2011 y la incidencia en rumiantes, y su relacion con indice de desarrollo humano. Resultados. La alta incidencia de brucelosis bovina aumenta 15% la incidencia de brucelosis humana. La alta incidencia en caprinos aumenta 33% la incidencia de brucelosis humana. La presencia de casos nuevos de brucelosis ovina aumenta 13% la incidencia de brucelosis humana. Conclusiones. La brucelosis es un problema de salud publica; la presencia de la brucelosis en los rumiantes domesticos y el nivel de control de la enfermedad en ellos afecta la presencia de la enfermedad en humanos.
Stem Cell Factor, Interleukin-3, and Interleukin-6 Promote Retroviral-Mediated Gene Transfer Into Murine Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The efficiency of retroviral-mediated gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) is dependent on the survival and self-renewal of HSC in vitro during retroviral infection. We have examined the effect of prestimulation of bone marrow with various cytokines, including the product of the Steel gene, Steel factor or stem cell factor (SCF) (the ligand for the c-kit receptor) on the efficiency of retroviral transduction of the human adenosine deaminase (hADA) cDNA into murine HSC. Bone marrow cells were prestimulated for 48 hours with hematopoietic growth factors, then cocultivated with the packaging cell line producing the ZipPGK-ADA simplified retrovirus for an additional 48 hours with continued growth factor exposure. Nonadherant cells from these cocultures were injected into lethally irradiated recipients. The content of day 12 colony-forming unit-spleen (CFU-S12) in SCF/interleukin 6 (IL-6)-prestimulated and cocultured bone marrow was more than threefold greater than that of IL-3/IL-6-prestimulated bone marrow cells. All mice receiving bone marrow cells infected with the PGK-ADA virus after prestimulation with IL-3/IL-6 or SCF/IL-6 demonstrated hADA expression in the peripheral blood after full hematopoietic reconstitution. While all recipients of IL-3/IL-6- prestimulated bone marrow expressed hADA at 4 months posttransplant, in three independent experiments examining a total of 33 mice, in most recipients of SCF/IL-6-prestimulated and infected bone marrow cells, the expression of human enzyme was higher than IL-3/IL-6 mice. Southern blot analysis of DNA from hematopoietic tissues from these same mice prepared at least 4 months posttransplantation also demonstrated a higher infection efficiency of HSC as measured by proviral integration patterns and genome copy number analysis. These results suggest that the higher level of hADA expression seen in mice receiving marrow prestimulated with SCF/IL-6 before retroviral infection is due to more efficient infection of reconstituting HSC. Other growth factor combinations were also studied; however, prestimulation with SCF/IL-6 or IL-3/IL-6 appeared optimal. Using retroviral-mediated gene transfer and viral integration patterns, Steel factor (SCF) in combination with IL-6 appears to increase the survival and self-renewal of reconstituting hematopoietic stem cells and proves useful in effecting expression of foreign genes in transplant recipients. Such pretreatment may also be useful in the application of retroviral transfer methods to human cells.
Zymosan Coated Particles Used to Prepare Anti‐β1c

Yeast cells and extracts of yeast have been known for a long time to render complement non-haemolytic. It was shown that Zymosan, a purified cell wall residue of fresh yeast, would inactivate the third component of complement. Later, PILLEMER [9] showed that zymosan at 15°C forms an insoluble complex (PZ) with properdin and considered that properdin, complement and magnesium were constituents of the Properdin System, a natural defence mechanism of the body. NELSON [6] subsequently suggested that the Properdin System was just another expression of the classic antigen-antibody reaction. MULLER-EBERHARD and his associates [3, 4, 5, 71, in an investigation of the chemical nature of a number of C’ components, showed that C’4 is a P I E globulin and the third component of complement, C’3a, a PIC-globulin. These observations suggested to the author that zymosan, when i t inactivates the third component of complement, takes up properdin or antibody like substance, small amounts of P ~ F : and, much later, amounts of PIC. Experiments showed that zymosan coated particles could be used as a source of antigenic material for the preparation of anti-bl c antiserum. This paper describes this method of preparation of anti-plc. Reference is also made to the value of zymosan coated particles for the preparation of antiglobulin sera.
Modalités de prise en charge des accidents vasculaires cérébraux au Mali (Afrique de l’Ouest) : une enquête de pratiques

The upsurge and the impact of stroke in terms of mortality and morbidity in Africa are well documented. Methods : It is about investigating the practice of healthcare practitioners working in structures involved in stroke management in seven of the eight regions and the capital city of Bamako. During this study, 149 (90 %) practitioners including 68 general practitioners, 12 specialists, and 69 residents responded to the questionnaire. Six CT-scan, 15 echocardiographs, and 21 electrocardiographs were available. The team directly involved in patient management included six neurologists, seventeen cardiologists, six neurosurgeons, 86 physical therapists, three orthophonists, and two ergotherapists. Hemiplegia was the revealing symptom of stroke in 61.1 % of cases. Almost all infrastructures and the personnel are located in a geographic area representing less than 10 % of the country, where only 14 % of the population live. These data emphasize the lack and inequal distribution of resources allocated to stroke management. Conclusion : Problems related to stroke in Mali need a re-organization of patient management networks. An initial and continued training of health practitioners should be implemented.
Notas sobre o Trypanosoma cruzi e suas características bio-ecológicas, como agente de enfermidades transmitidas por alimentos Notes about of Trypanosoma cruzi and yours bio-ecology characteristcs with agents of the transmission by meals

Experimental evidence and field observations concerning the oral transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi to human beings and mammalian species are reviewed, confirming its unquestionable occurrence, mainly in the enzootic cycle of the parasite. Several types of foods and carriers of the flagellate have been involved in this transmission route, where the human cases are generally related to infected triatomines and/or natural reservoirs in the proximities of the event. The penetration points of the parasite (mouth, esophagus, stomach and intestinal mucosae) are reviewed, as well as the general anatomic and pathological processes, such as hemorrhagic phenomena, mesenteritis and interstitial hepatitis. In particular, different aspects of the biology and biochemistry of the parasite are analyzed, especially in terms of its epidemiology and the possibilities of the prevention of the oral transmission of Chagas’ disease.
Proliferation of normal and malignant human immature lymphoid cells

In this study, the proliferative activity of human B and T cell precursors in central lymphoid organs, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, and permanent cell lines was investigated with double- and triple-color-labeling methods for the analysis of cell cycle-associated features such as 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and the expression of a nuclear proliferation-associated antigen, Ki67, together with the phenotypic profile of the cells. In infant and regenerating bone marrow (BM), 41.5% +/- 4.0% of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT+) cells were Ki67+, and 30.0% +/- 4.0% incorporated BrdU. A similar proportion of TdT+ dividing cells was observed in adult BM. The proliferative activity of the B cell progenitors reached the peak at the pre-B stage: 80.8% +/- 7.6% and 35.3% +/- 6.1% of c mu +, RFB7- cells were Ki67+ and BrdU+, respectively. In contrast, greater than 95% of surface immunoglobulin- positive BM lymphocytes were resting cells. In infant thymus the highest dividing capacity (95% Ki67+, 60% to 90% BrdU+) was observed in large cortical thymocytes (TdT+, CD1-, cCD3+), and TdT+, CD1+ cortical thymocytes also showed a high proliferative activity (74.3% +/- 2.3% Ki67+, 22.0% +/- 1.0% BrdU+), but TdT-, mCD3+ thymic lymphocytes were mainly resting cells (less than 5% Ki67+, less than 1% BrdU+). The proliferative activity of null and common ALL blasts was significantly lower than that of normal BM TdT+ cells (15.5% +/- 4.2% Ki67+, 6.2% +/- 2.1% BrdU+; P less than .001). Dividing ALL blasts were TdT+ and expressed surface antigens detected by CD10 and/or CD19 antibodies. In T cell-ALL, the percentages of Ki67+ and BrdU+ blasts were also lower than those found in the corresponding normal immature thymocytes (13.0% +/- 3.1% and 2.4% +/- 1.3%, respectively; P less than .001). Thus, ALLs derive from actively proliferating lymphoid precursors but have a lower dividing capacity than the corresponding normal cell types. In ALL cases with heterogeneous expression of markers such as cmu and CD1, dividing blasts were distributed among both negative and positive populations, thus indicating that blasts with signs of differentiation also remain within the dividing pool.
Status assessment of the Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia and other large mammals in the Kyrgyz Alay, using community knowledge corrected for imperfect detection

Abstract The Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia occurs in the Central Asian Mountains, which cover c. 2 million km2. Little is known about its status in the Kyrgyz Alay Mountains, a relatively narrow stretch of habitat connecting the southern and northern global ranges of the species. In 2010 we gathered information on current and past (1990, the last year of the Soviet Union) distributions of snow leopards and five sympatric large mammals across 14,000 km2 of the Kyrgyz Alay. We interviewed 95 key informants from local communities. Across 49 400-km2 grid cells we obtained 1,606 and 962 records of species occurrence (site use) in 1990 and 2010, respectively. The data were analysed using the multi-season site occupancy framework to incorporate uncertainty in detection across interviewees and time periods. High probability of use by snow leopards in the past was recorded in > 70% of the Kyrgyz Alay. Between the two sampling periods 39% of sites showed a high probability of local extinction of snow leopard. We also recorded high probability of local extinction of brown bear Ursus arctos (84% of sites) and Marco Polo sheep Ovis ammon polii (47% of sites), mainly in regions used intensively by people. Data indicated a high probability of local colonization by lynx Lynx lynx in 41% of the sites. Although wildlife has declined in areas of central and eastern Alay, regions in the north-west, and the northern and southern fringes appear to retain high conservation value.
Evaluation of the use of recombinant proteins of Mycobacterium bovis as antigens in intradermal tests for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis

La prueba itradermica de la piel con derivados de proteina (PPD) purificada a partir de Mycobacterium bovis se ha utilizado para el diagnostico de la tuberculosis bovina. Sin embargo, debido a la especificidad suboptima de esta mezcla de proteinas, la mejora de las pruebas basadas en antigenos especificos definidos son necesarias. En el presente estudio, las proteinas recombinantes de M. bovis se evaluaron como antigenos en la prueba cutanea. Entre estas, EsxI, Mb0143, PE5 y PE13 son antigenos probados por primera vez en el ganado. Bovinos sensibilizados y no sensibilizados con la cepa AN5 inactivada de M. bovis fueron inyectados simultaneamente con cada proteina recombinante, un coctel con todas las proteinas recombinantes, PPD de M. bovis, PPD de M. avium y salina. Solo las proteinas EsxI, Mb0143 y PE5 fueron capaces de diferenciar ganado sensibilizado de lo no sensibilizado cuando se uso 320 irg de proteina y la lectura realizada 24 horas despues de la inyeccion. EsxI y PE5 exhibieron un nivel de sensibilidad de 83,33% y una especificidad de 100% y 80%, respectivamente. Los resultados del presente estudio sugieren que las proteinas recombinantes tienen el potencial de ser evaluadas como antigenos en las pruebas cutaneas en el ganado
Maintenance of high levels of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells in vitro: effect of stromal cells and c-kit

We show here that mouse pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells can be maintained in vitro on stroma for at least 3 weeks at levels close to those found in bone marrow. The extent of stem cell maintenance is affected by the nature of the stromal cells. The stromal cell line S17 supported stem cells significantly better than heterogeneous, primary stromal layers or the stromal cell line Strofl-1. Stem cells cultured on S17 repopulated all hematopoietic lineages in marrow-ablated hosts for at least 10 months, indicating that this culture system maintained primitive stem cells with extensive proliferative capacity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that, while pluripotent stem cells express c-kit, this receptor appears to play only a minor role in stem cell maintenance in vitro. The addition of an antibody that blocks the interaction of c-kit with its ligand essentially abrogated myelopoiesis in cultures. However, the level of stem cells in antibody-treated cultures was similar to that found in untreated cultures. Thus, it seems likely that the maintenance of primitive stem cells in vitro depends on yet unidentified stromal cell-derived factor(s).