Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Considerations in physical therapy management of a non-responding patient with low back pain

ABSTRACT Study Design: Case Study. Background and Purpose: Low back pain is a common condition managed by physical therapists (PT). Screening tools have been developed to assist the PT with medical screening of patients for serious disease. Sinister pathologies may present as musculoskeletal symptoms during the patient examination. It is important for the PT to frequently reevaluate their patient’s response to therapeutic interventions and refer for further evaluation if they are not responding to conservative care. Case Description: This case reports on the history and examination findings of a 36-year-old male presenting with recurrent low back pain. An emphasis is placed on the therapist’s understanding and use of screening tools when interviewing patients and determining when medical referral may be indicated based on the patients history and examination findings. A review of the evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of screening strategies for malignancy in patients presenting with low back pain is presented. Conclusion: Sinister causes for low back pain are extremely rare. It is important that PTs be familiar with specific signs and symptoms that may indicate serious pathology when evaluating patients with low back pain. Identification of two red flags from this patient’s history leads the clinician to refer the patient back to their primary care provider (PCP) for further investigation. They included: 1) the patient’s inability to improve after one month and 2) clinicians’ judgment. Use of “clinical judgment” may assist the PT in determining if their patient needs further investigation.
Treatment with statins and ischemic stroke severity

Objective: To examine the effects of pretreatment with statins at high doses (40 mg of rosuvastatin or 80 mg of any other statin) and low to moderate doses (<40 mg of rosuvastatin or <80 mg of any other statin) on ischemic stroke (IS) severity in clinical practice. Methods: Observational study of IS admissions to our stroke unit over a 3-year period (2008–2010). Mild stroke severity was defined as NIH Stroke Scale score ≤5 on admission. Multivariable regression models and matched propensity score analyses were used to quantify the association of statin pretreatment at high and low to moderate doses with mild stroke severity. Results: Of the 969 IS patients, 23% were taking low to moderate doses and 4.1% were taking high doses of statins prior to the stroke. Statins were associated with lower NIHSS scores on admission (median [interquartile range] 4 [9] for nonstatin patients, 4 [9] for low to moderate doses of statins, and 2 [4] for high doses of statins; p = 0.010). After multivariable adjustment, pretreatment with statins was associated with a higher probability of mild stroke severity in the unmatched analysis (odds ratio [OR] = 1.637, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.156–2.319 for the low to moderate doses and OR = 3.297, 95% CI 1.480–7.345 for the high doses of statins) as well as in the propensity score matched analysis (OR = 2.023, 95% CI 1.248–3.281 for the low to moderate doses and OR = 3.502, 95% CI 1.477–8.300 for the high doses of statins). Conclusion: Pretreatment with statins is associated with lower stroke severity, at high as well as at low to moderate doses.
Health and economic implications of HPV vaccination in the United States.

BACKGROUND The cost-effectiveness of prophylactic vaccination against human papillomavirus types 16 (HPV-16) and 18 (HPV-18) is an important consideration for guidelines for immunization in the United States. METHODS We synthesized epidemiologic and demographic data using models of HPV-16 and HPV-18 transmission and cervical carcinogenesis to compare the health and economic outcomes of vaccinating preadolescent girls (at 12 years of age) and vaccinating older girls and women in catch-up programs (to 18, 21, or 26 years of age). We examined the health benefits of averting other HPV-16-related and HPV-18-related cancers, the prevention of HPV-6-related and HPV-11-related genital warts and juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis by means of the quadrivalent vaccine, the duration of immunity, and future screening practices. RESULTS On the assumption that the vaccine provided lifelong immunity, the cost-effectiveness ratio of vaccination of 12-year-old girls was $43,600 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained, as compared with the current screening practice. Under baseline assumptions, the cost-effectiveness ratio for extending a temporary catch-up program for girls to 18 years of age was $97,300 per QALY; the cost of extending vaccination of girls and women to the age of 21 years was $120,400 per QALY, and the cost for extension to the age of 26 years was $152,700 per QALY. The results were sensitive to the duration of vaccine-induced immunity; if immunity waned after 10 years, the cost of vaccination of preadolescent girls exceeded $140,000 per QALY, and catch-up strategies were less cost-effective than screening alone. The cost-effectiveness ratios for vaccination strategies were more favorable if the benefits of averting other health conditions were included or if screening was delayed and performed at less frequent intervals and with more sensitive tests; they were less favorable if vaccinated girls were preferentially screened more frequently in adulthood. CONCLUSIONS The cost-effectiveness of HPV vaccination will depend on the duration of vaccine immunity and will be optimized by achieving high coverage in preadolescent girls, targeting initial catch-up efforts to women up to 18 or 21 years of age, and revising screening policies.
Effect of reproductive status on intraocular pressure in cats.

OBJECTIVE To measure intraocular pressure (IOP) and progesterone concentrations in cats and to examine their reproductive organs to determine whether reproductive status affects IOP in cats. ANIMALS 75 sexually intact domestic shorthair cats scheduled to be neutered, including 28 males, 21 females not in estrus, 13 females in estrus, and 13 pregnant females. PROCEDURES Applanation tonometry was conducted to measure IOP and radioimmunoassay was used to determine progesterone concentrations. Reproductive organs were examined at time of surgery. RESULTS The IOP in female cats that were in estrus was significantly higher than IOP in female cats that were not in estrus. Progesterone concentrations significantly affected IOP in pregnant cats. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In cats, IOP is affected by changes in reproductive status. Such changes should be considered when interpreting tonometry results in this species.
An Indwelling Subcutaneous FEP Cannula for Intermittent Insulin Injection: Patient Experience and Effect on Diabetic Control

The acceptability and efficacy of injecting insulin through a subcutaneous FEP cannula (to reduce the frequency of needle pricks) compared with conventional multiple injection therapy was examined in a cross‐over study. Thirty‐two insulin‐dependent diabetic patients injected through the cannula for 10 weeks using a pen injector, followed by 10 weeks using the injector alone, or vice versa. Rapid‐acting insulin was given before meals and intermediate‐acting insulin at bedtime. Blood glucose control was not affected by cannula use (glycosylated haemoglobin: cannula, 8.6±0.3 %; no cannula, 8.6±0.3 %). Twenty‐two of the 30 patients completing the study preferred to use the cannula and 21 requested to continue using it. There were no complications associated with its use.
Simulation of compressed sensing based passive radar for drone detection

Nowadays drones and RC planes come more and more popular since they are widely available. People enjoy filming from drones even in drone strictly forbidden places ignoring prohibition signs. That often makes problems for specialists working in an environment with demanded radio emission free zone. To avoid drones from flying in prohibited areas a drone radar is needed. This paper represents feasibility study on passive radar for drone detection using novel signal processing technique and Monte Carlo method. Radar simulation was made to study impact of different factors on the drone detection quality simulating different antennas setups: regular and irregular placement of the antennas, similar and different directivity antennas, stationary and randomly pointed antennas. Results show the impact of different drone quantity, antennas directivity, antennas placement, antennas rotation on the drone detection quality.
The occurrence of variant Ph translocations in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML): A report of SIX cases

Variants of Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) translocation were detected in six of 95 Ph positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients (6·3 per cent). Two of these patients showed a Ph variant of ‘simple’ type, involving chromosomes 10 and 12. In four patients, the variant Ph was of ‘complex’ type involving a third chromosome:chromosomes 1, 6, 7 and 12 in addition to 9 and 22. Two of these resulted in the occurrence of a ‘masked’ Ph. In addition to variant Ph translocations, variant breakpoints such as q12 (two patients) and q13 (one patient) on chromosome 22 were observed in another three patients with t(9;22).
Options for biochemical production of 4‐hydroxybutyrate and its lactone as a substitute for petrochemical production

Options are discussed for biochemical production of 4‐hydroxybutyrate (4‐HB) and its lactone, gamma‐butyrolactone (GBL), from renewable sources. In the first part of the study, the thermodynamic feasibility of four potential metabolic pathways from glucose to 4‐HB are analyzed. The calculations reveal that when the pathways are NAD+ dependent the intermediate succinate semialdehyde (SSA) accumulates leading to low 4‐HB yields at equilibrium. For NADP+ dependent pathways the calculated yield of 4‐HB improves, up to almost 100%. In the second part of this study, continuous removal of 4‐HB from the solution is considered to shift SSA conversion into 4‐HB so that SSA accumulation is minimized. One option is the enzymatic production of GBL from 4‐HB. Candida antarctica Lipase B shows good lactonization rates at pH 4, but unfortunately this conversion cannot be performed in‐vivo during 4‐HB production because of the neutral intracellular pH. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;99: 1392–1406. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fabrication of hierarchical structures by direct laser writing and multi-beam-interference

We present a new method for the creation of hierarchical structures by two subsequent steps of laser ablation. To create certain functionalization of surfaces hierarchical structures are often required. These structures can be considered as a microstructure with a superposed nanostructure. Therefore the approach presented in this paper divides the patterning process into two parts: The microstructures are accomplished by direct laser writing with feature sizes down to a few microns whereas the nanostructure is subsequently added by Multi-beam-interference (MBI). Multi-beaminterference is a promising tool for the generation of nanostructures on 3D surfaces. Within this work the feasibility and limitations of this method are investigated.
Time to end the political rhetoric on health tourism

The recent news article that systematically refuted Nigel Farage’s allegations of so called HIV health tourism is commendable.1 It is deeply worrying that as the election debate comes to a climax, false political claims are increasingly made in a vacuum of scientific evidence. Farage’s deliberate inflammatory comments undermine public health efforts to tackle the rising incidence of HIV infections in the …
Cytoskeletal proteins inside human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virions

We have identified three types of cytoskeletal proteins inside human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) virions by analyzing subtilisin-digested particles. HIV-1 virions were digested with protease, and the treated particles were isolated by sucrose density centrifugation. This method removes both exterior viral proteins and proteins associated with microvesicles that contaminate virion preparations. Since the proteins inside the virion are protected from digestion by the viral lipid envelope, they can be isolated and analyzed after treatment. Experiments presented here demonstrated that this procedure removed more than 95% of the protein associated with microvesicles. Proteins in digested HIV-1(MN) particles from infected H9 and CEM(ss) cell lines were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography, protein sequencing, and immunoblotting. The data revealed that three types of cytoskeletal proteins are present in virions at different concentrations relative to the molar level of Gag: actin (approximately 10 to 15%), ezrin and moesin (approximately 2%), and cofilin (approximately 2 to 10%). Our analysis of proteins within virus particles detected proteolytic fragments of alpha-smooth muscle actin and moesin that were cleaved at sites which might be recognized by HIV-1 protease. These cleavage products are not present in microvesicles from uninfected cells. Therefore, these processed proteins are most probably produced by HIV-1 protease digestion. The presence of these fragments, as well as the incorporation of a few specific cytoskeletal proteins into virions, suggests an active interaction between cytoskeletal and viral proteins.
Prevalence of Epilepsy in Rochester, Minnesota: 1940–1980

Summary: : The prevalence of epilepsy in Rochester, Minnesota has been determined for a specific date in each of 5 decennial census years. Individuals with a diagnosis of epilepsy (recurrent unprovoked seizures) who were known to have experienced a seizure or who had received antiepileptic medication in the preceding 5 years were considered active prevalence cases. By this definition, the age‐adjusted prevalence per 1,000 population, increased steadily from 2.7 in 1940 to 6.8 in 1980. At each of five prevalence dates, for all prevalence cases, 60% had epilepsy manifest by partial seizures, and 75% had no known etiology. Prevalence was higher for males than females for all except the last prevalence day. After 1950, prevalence tended to increase with advancing age and was highest in the oldest age groups. On the average, the 1980 prevalence cases had epilepsy <10 years and >50% had their first diagnosis in the first 20 years of life.
A homomorphic encryption scheme over integers based on Carmichael's theorem

The homomorphic properties of the cryptographic techniques take the attention of the scholars and makes it open research problem. The traditional encryption schemes don't support the operations to be computed on the encrypted data, which may compromise the privacy of the sensitive data. The homomorphic encryption supports the algebraic operations to be computed on the encrypted data. This property of the homomorphic encryption scheme have a wide application areas such as secure electronic voting, multiparty computation, private searching, delegation of computation and many more. In this paper we proposed a homomorphic encryption scheme based on the Carmichael's theorem over integers. The operations in the scheme are modular arithmetic. The paper also discuss the security scheme and further optimization are pointed out.
Site migration in seeking care services from multiple providers is associated with worse clinical outcomes among HIV-infected individuals in Washington, DC

Washington, DC, is a metropolitan city with a severe HIV epidemic and faces challenges in retaining people living with HIV (PLWH) in quality care. This study assessed site migration in seeking care services and its correlates among PLWH in DC. PLWH diagnosed before 2008 and living through the end of 2010 were analyzed. Six scenarios of site migration were examined as patients visited =2, =3, and =4 different providers for their CD4 cell count and/or viral load (VL) tests in the past 3 years from 2008 to 2010 and 2 years from 2009 to 2010, respectively. Of 6480 patients analyzed from 2008 to 2010, 18.4% had CD4 < 200 cells/mm3, 30.5% had VL > 400 copies/mL, and 76.6% were retained in same care sites; 23.4%, 5.0%, and 0.9% visited =2, =3, and =4 sites in the past 3 years from 2008 to 2010, respectively. Of 5954 patients analyzed from 2009 to 2010, 16.8% had CD4 < 200 cells/mm3, 29.4% had VL > 400 copies/mL, and 81.9% were retained in same care sites; 18.1%, 3.1%, and 0.6% visited =2, =3, and =4 sites in the past 2 years from 2009 to 2010, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that migration across six scenarios are consistently associated with CD4 < 200 cells/mm3 and VL > 400 copies/mL. Site migration was common and associated with lower CD4 and higher VL among PLWH in DC. Frequent migration might be a factor in achieving optimal health outcomes for a subset of patients. Site migration might potentially limit effective delivery of high quality care and treatment services. The preliminary findings underscore the need for further research to assess the predictors of migration and its impact on stage of care.
A model-based controller for a DC-DC boost converter with an LCL input filter

This paper studies a modified DC-DC boost converter where the input inductance has been replaced by an LCL filter. The voltage conversion ratio of the proposed converter is equivalent to the conversion ratio of a conventional boost converter, and it has only one active switching device. A controller is proposed to regulate the output voltage to a given reference with guaranteed reduced input current ripple, i.e., high-frequency current components are minimized at the input current source. Low current ripple is required when dealing with sensitive electric power sources such as fuel cells, batteries and electrolytic capacitors used at DC-links in power electronics applications. The controller design follows a Lyapunov approach, and provides active damping to the input LCL filter. Numerical simulations are presented to evaluate the closed-loop performance.
Kentucky's war on weight & type 2 diabetes in youth: the battle continues as a legislative victory emerges.

(Continued on Page 4) 1982, type 2 diabetes accounted for 2-4% of all childhood diseases; it increased to 16% by 1994. This observed increase of type 2 diabetes in youth is attributed to factors that have led to increased prevalence of obesity. The typical American child is becoming less active, watching more television, and eating a diet higher in fat content. Most consume only one serving of fruit and/or vegetables in a given day, and 25% of the time that one serving is French-fried potatoes. Additionally, parents of children who are obese are often overweight themselves. If both parents are obese, 80% of their children are overweight; if one parent is overweight, the occurrence in children drops to about 40%.
Finite time controller design for single inverted pendulum system

Following the definition of finite time stability, corresponding fundamental theories are given, including qualitative conclusion and application area results regarding finite time stabilization controller design. A detailed description of a class of nonlinear systems is provided. Modeling and linearization problem of single inverted pendulum system are considered. Finally, with the help of linear transformation, finite time stabilization controller for single inverted pendulum system is constructed, followed by relevant simulations.
Ageing‐associated large‐scale deletions of mitochondrial DNA in human hair follicles

Hair follicles plucked from the bi‐temporal region of the scalp of 433 Chinese subjects of different ages were used for the examination of ageing‐associated mutations of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). By use of PCR techniques, we detected the 4,977 bp and 7,436 bp deletions of mtDNA in hair follicles from aged individuals. The frequencies of occurrence of both mtDNA deletions were found to increase with age of the subject. Moreover, we employed a semi‐quantitative PCR method to determine the proportion of the 4,977 bp deleted mtDNA (dmtDNA) in hair follicles. The results showed that the average proportion of the 4,977 bp dmtDNA in hair follicles were 0.05%±0.01%, 0.00%, 0.55%±0.05%, 0.52%±0.24%, 0.65%±0.17%, 1.33%±0.25%, and 1.89%±0.81% for the subjects in the age groups of 21‐30, 31‐40, 41‐50, 51‐60, 61‐70, 71‐80, and 81‐99, respectively. Furthermore, we screened all the subjects harboring the 4,977 bp and/or 7,436 bp deletions for tandem duplications in the D‐loop region of mtDNA by PCR with back‐to‐back primers. The results showed that none of the previously reported tandem duplications were present in all the hair follicles examined. This indicates that tandem duplications do not predispose to large‐scale deletions of mtDNA. However, the data suggest that mtDNA deletions occur and accumulate in hair follicles during human ageing. As hair follicles can be easily and non‐invasively obtained from the human, we suggest that the age‐dependent accumulation of dmtDNAs in hair follicles may be used for the monitoring of human ageing process.
Triclabendazole-resistant Fasciola hepatica: β-tubulin and response to in vitro treatment with triclabendazole

Resistance in Fasciola hepatica to triclabendazole (‘Fasinex’) has emerged in several countries. Benzimidazole resistance in parasitic nematodes has been linked to a single amino acid substitution (phenylalanine to tyrosine) at position 200 on the β-tubulin molecule. Sequencing of β-tubulin cDNAs from triclabendazole-susceptible and triclabendazole-resistant flukes revealed no amino acid differences between their respective primary amino acid sequences. In order to investigate the mechanism of triclabendazole resistance, triclabendazole-susceptible and triclabendazole-resistant flukes were incubated in vitro with triclabendazole sulphoxide (50 μg/ml). Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed extensive damage to the tegument of triclabendazole-susceptible F. hepatica, whereas triclabendazole-resistant flukes showed only localized and relatively minor disruption of the tegument covering the spines. Immunocytochemical studies, using an anti-tubulin antibody, showed that tubulin organization was disrupted in the tegument of triclabendazole-susceptible flukes. No such disruption was evident in triclabendazole-resistant F. hepatica. The significance of these findings is discussed with regard to the mechanism of triclabendazole resistance in F. hepatica.