Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Absorption of labelled vitamin A in children during infection

1. The intestinal absorption of [11,12 3H2] retinyl acetate was studied in five apparently normal children, eight children with respiratory infection and three with gastroenteritis. 2. The absorption of vitamin A was significantly lower in children with respiratory infection or gastroenteritis than in normal children. 3. In the light of these observations, it is suggested that repeated attacks of infections may significantly contribute to the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in children of poor communities.
Guided Migration of Neural Stem Cells Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells by an Electric Field

Small direct current (DC) electric fields (EFs) guide neurite growth and migration of rodent neural stem cells (NSCs). However, this could be species dependent. Therefore, it is critical to investigate how human NSCs (hNSCs) respond to EF before any possible clinical attempt. Aiming to characterize the EF‐stimulated and guided migration of hNSCs, we derived hNSCs from a well‐established human embryonic stem cell line H9. Small applied DC EFs, as low as 16 mV/mm, induced significant directional migration toward the cathode. Reversal of the field polarity reversed migration of hNSCs. The galvanotactic/electrotactic response was both time and voltage dependent. The migration directedness and distance to the cathode increased with the increase of field strength. (Rho‐kinase) inhibitor Y27632 is used to enhance viability of stem cells and has previously been reported to inhibit EF‐guided directional migration in induced pluripotent stem cells and neurons. However, its presence did not significantly affect the directionality of hNSC migration in an EF. Cytokine receptor [C‐X‐C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4)] is important for chemotaxis of NSCs in the brain. The blockage of CXCR4 did not affect the electrotaxis of hNSCs. We conclude that hNSCs respond to a small EF by directional migration. Applied EFs could potentially be further exploited to guide hNSCs to injured sites in the central nervous system to improve the outcome of various diseases. STEM CELLS 2012; 30:349–355.
PCA-based approach for inhomogeneous PSF estimation and partial volume correction in PET

The quality of the measurements obtained in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is severely limited by partial volume effects (PVE). This study proposes a Partial Volume Correction (PVC) technique that considers the spatial variability of the system's Point Spread Function (PSF) across the Field Of View (FOV). The proposed PSF model uses Principal Component Analysis to express their variability according to a small number of components called eigen-PSF, forming an orthonormal basis. The interpolation of the coordinates of these PSFs in this created basis allows their precise estimation across the FOV of the system. The resulting image degradation model can be expressed as a weighted sum of convolutions that can be integrated efficiently into classical PVC algorithms. Initial results shows accurate PSF estimation as well as significant image restoration.
Phototoxicity to the Retina: Mechanisms of Damage

Light damage to the retina occurs through three general mechanisms involving thermal, mechanical, or photochemical effects. The particular mechanism activated depends on the wavelength and exposure duration of the injuring light. The transitions between the various light damage mechanism may overlap to some extent. Energy confinement is a key concept in understanding or predicting the type of damage mechanism produced by a given light exposure. As light energy (either from a laser or an incoherent source) is deposited in the retina, its penetration through, and its absorption in, various tissue compartments is determined by its wavelength. Strongly absorbing tissue components will tend to “concentrate” the light energy. The effect of absorbed light energy largely depends on the rate of energy deposition, which is correlated with the exposure duration. If the rate of energy deposition is too low to produce an appreciable temperature increase in the tissue, then any resulting tissue damage necessarily occurs because of chemical (oxidative) reactions induced by absorption of energetic photons (photochemical damage). If the rate of energy deposition is faster than the rate of thermal diffusion (thermal confinement), then the temperature of the exposed tissue rises. If a critical temperature is reached (typically about 10° C above basal), then thermal damage occurs. If the light energy is deposited faster than mechanical relaxation can occur (stress confinement), then a thermoelastic pressure wave is produced, and tissue is disrupted by shear forces or by cavitation—nonlinear effects. Very recent evidence suggests that ultrashort laser pulses can produce tissue damage through nonlinear and photochemical mechanisms; the latter because of two-photon excitation of cellular chromophores. In addition to tissue damage caused directly by light absorption, light toxicity can be produced by the presence of photosensitizing agents. Drugs excited to reactive states by ultraviolet (UV) or visible light produce damage by type I (free radical) and type II (oxygen dependent) mechanisms. Some commonly used drugs, such as certain antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and psychotherapeutic agents, as well as some popular herbal medicines, can produce ocular phototoxicity. Specific cellular effects and damage end points characteristic of light damage mechanisms are described.
THE FIVE YEARS PREDICTIVE VALUE OF QTc INTERVAL AND QTc INTERVAL DISPERSION IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY

Summary. The aim of the paper is a study of QTc interval, QTcp interval (interval from Q wave to the peak of T wave), Tp-Tendc interval (interval from the peak of T wave to the end of T wave) and their dispersion with respect to the five-year predictive value of these intervals in patients with essential arterial hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. A total of 90 patients (56 males and 34 females) were examined, average age 55.2 ± 8.3 years, who suffered from essential arterial hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. The control group comprised 35 healthy subjects (20 males and 15 females), average age 54.5 ± 7.1 years. The average left ventricular mass index was 171.9 ± 32.4 g/m 2 in hypertensive patients and 102.4 ± 13.3 g/m 2 in healthy controls. The QTc interval and QTcp interval (interval from Q wave to the peak of T wave) were longer in the left ventricular hypertrophy group than in healthy controls (p < 0.01) in the baseline electrocardiogram. During exercise testing, QTc interval shortened in the hypertensive group (p < 0.001) but was unchanged in controls. QTc dispersion (p < 0.001) and QTcp (p < 0.001) had higher values in the hypertensive group before and after exercise testing, compared to healthy subjects. Fifteen (16.7%) patients had cardiovascular and cerebrovascular adverse events during the five-year follow-up. In the group of hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular adverse events were more frequent in those patients who had higher values for the left ventricular mass, left ventricular mass index, wall thickness, and QTc dispersion before and after exercise testing, as well as a wider QRS complex, and slower rise of heart rate during exercise testing. Independent predictors of bad outcome were greater posterior wall thickness and QTc dispersion after exercise testing. Intervals and their dispersion as 'Q wave–peak of T wave' and 'peak of T wave– end of T wave' were less useful than QTc interval and QTc dispersion according to the prognosis.
Amino Acid Transporters in the Human Placenta

Amino acid transport across the human placenta is active, mediated by specific transporters in syncytiotrophoblast plasma membranes. Using functional criteria such as substrate specificity and sodium dependence, approximately 15 transport systems have been identified in the human placenta. Recently, the area of molecular biology of amino acid transporters has evolved rapidly and at least 25 cDNA clones coding for mammalian amino acid transporters or transporter subunits have been identified. The primary objective of this review is to integrate the available functional data on placental amino acid transport systems with recent molecular information on mammalian amino acid transporters. Furthermore, models for the mechanisms for net materno-fetal transfer of amino acids are discussed. Finally, the evidence to suggest that alterations in placental amino acid transport systems may play a crucial role in the regulation of fetal growth are presented briefly.
Invalid Forensic Science Testimony and Wrongful Convictions

This is the first study to explore the forensic science testimony by prosecution experts in the trials of innocent persons, all convicted of serious crimes, who were later exonerated by post-conviction DNA testing. Trial transcripts were sought for all 156 exonerees identified as having trial testimony by forensic analysts, of which 137 were located and reviewed. These trials most commonly included testimony concerning serological analysis and microscopic hair comparison, but some included bite mark, shoe print, soil, fiber, and fingerprint comparisons, and several included DNA testing. This study found that in the bulk of these trials of innocent defendants - 82 cases or 60% - forensic analysts called by the prosecution provided invalid testimony at trial - that is, testimony with conclusions misstating empirical data or wholly unsupported by empirical data. This was not the testimony of a mere handful of analysts: this set of trials included invalid testimony by 72 forensic analysts called by the prosecution and employed by 52 laboratories, practices, or hospitals from 25 states. Unfortunately, the adversarial process largely failed to police this invalid testimony. Defense counsel rarely cross-examined analysts concerning invalid testimony and rarely obtained experts of their own. In the few cases in which invalid forensic science was challenged, judges seldom provided relief. This evidence supports efforts to create scientific oversight mechanisms for reviewing forensic testimony and to develop clear scientific standards for written reports and testimony. The scientific community can through an official government entity promulgate standards to ensure the valid presentation of forensic science in criminal cases and thus the integrity and fairness of the criminal process.
Sequence Summarizing Neural Networks for Spoken Language Recognition

This paper explores the use of Sequence Summarizing Neural Networks (SSNNs) as a variant of deep neural networks (DNNs) for classifying sequences. In this work, it is applied to the task of spoken language recognition. Unlike other classification tasks in speech processing where the DNN needs to produce a per-frame output, language is considered constant during an utterance. We introduce a summarization component into the DNN structure producing one set of language posteriors per utterance. The training of the DNN is performed by an appropriately modified gradient-descent algorithm. In our initial experiments, the SSNN results are compared to a single state-of-the-art i-vector based baseline system with a similar complexity (i.e. no system fusion, etc.). For some conditions, SSNNs is able to provide performance comparable to the baseline system. Relative improvement up to 30% is obtained with the score level fusion of the baseline and the SSNN systems.
High efficiency RF power amplifiers featuring package integrated load insensitive class-E devices

Doherty and Mixed-mode outphasing RF power amplifiers (PAs) that make use of package integrated quasi-load insensitive (Pi-QLI) Class-E GaN transistors are presented. The package integrated harmonic terminations facilitate very simple and compact amplifier implementations. Using these proposed devices, a “Class-E” Doherty PA with 58.3% average efficiency and −49 dBc ACPR after linearization, as well as, a Mixed-mode “Class-E” outphasing PA with an average efficiency of 66.6% and −51.6 dBc ACPR, after linearization using a single carrier WCDMA, PAR=7dB at 2.14GHz, are presented.
Health services research in workers' compensation medical care: policy issues and research opportunities.

OBJECTIVE To describe some of the unique aspects of medical care offered under workers' compensation insurance systems and discuss the major policy considerations relevant to health services researchers undertaking investigations in this area. BACKGROUND AND FINDINGS State-based workers' compensation (WC) insurance systems requiring employers to pay for medical care and wage replacement for workplace injuries and illnesses were first developed between 1910 and 1920 in the United States. Employers are generally required to purchase state-regulated workers' compensation insurance that includes first-dollar payment for all medical and rehabilitative services and payment of lost wages to workers with work-related illness or injury. Injured workers have variable but usually limited latitude in choosing their health care provider. Employers and workers' compensation insurers have incentives for controlling both the cost of medical care and lost wages. CONCLUSION The major policy issues in WC medical care--the effect of patient choice of provider and delivery system structure, the ensuring of high-quality care, the effect of integrating benefits, and investigation of the interrelationships between work, health, and productivity--can be informed by current studies in health services research and by targeted future studies of workers' compensation populations. These studies must consider the extent of patient choice of physician, the regulatory environment, the unique role of the workplace as a risk and modifying factor, and the complex interaction between health and disability insurance benefits.
Risk factor analysis for early mortality and morbidity following pneumonectomy for non-small cell lung cancer.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this report is to analyze factors affecting morbidity and mortality following pneumonectomy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS We reviewed our institutional experience with all consecutive patients undergoing pneumonectomy for NSCLC from 1998 to 2010. Patients were analyzed with regard to hospital mortality and morbidity and long-term outcome. RESULTS There were 310 patients following pneumonectomy. Overall 30-day mortality rate was 5.5 %. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, induction therapy, smoking habits and obesity had no statistical influence on short-term outcome. Coronary artery disease and respiratory failure were identified as risk factors for increased 30-day mortality (p<0.01). Right pneumonectomy and presence of respiratory failure with mechanical ventilation increases the incidence of bronchopleural fistula (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Patients with right pneumonectomies are at increased risk. Coronary artery disease and respiratory failure adversely affect morbidity and mortality after this procedure (Tab. 3, Ref. 19). Full Text in free PDF www.bmj. sk.
[Study on diarrhea disease caused by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Xuzhou city, Jiangsu province in 2000].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the proportion of hemorrhagic colitis (HC) caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7 in bacterial diarrhea in Xuzhou city, Jiangsu province. METHODS All stool samples from patients with diarrhea were screened for O157 antigen, using Immuno-gold kits. Positive samples were cultured to detect the existence of pathogens. All of the HC patients confirmed by bacterial isolation and identification were investigated for clinical symptoms and laboratory tests. RESULTS Of the diarrhea patients identified in Feng county in May, and in Tongshan county of Xuzhou city in June 2000, Jiangsu province 0.98% and 5.89% were caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7 respectively, confirmed by bacteriological isolation and identification of stool samples. At the early phase of hemorrhagic colitis, 18.5% patients had at least one abnormal clinical laboratory test results including protein in urea and increased BUN or creatinine that indicating the possibility of kidney damage. In 27 strains of E. coli O157:H7 isolated from those patients, 13 and 14 were identified as Shiga toxin producing and Shiga-toxin negative E. coli O157:H7 (Stx-positive or Stx-negative) respectively. By analysis of the two groups of patients divided by according to the nature of Shiga toxin, four of 13 patients of Stx-positive group showed positive urea protein. However only 1 of the 13 patients of Stx-negative group was urea protein positive. The decreased Platelets counts were observed in 6 of 13 patients with Stx-positive group, but only in 1 of 14 patients with stx-negative group. These differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSION HC patients caused by E. coli O157:H7 were commonly seen (up to 5.89%) in Xuzhou city, Jiangsu province. Early laboratory tests should be conducted for HC patients as early as possible in order to find early indictor of kidney failure which was critical for prevention of hemolytic uremic syndrome.
Research on self-optimization control methods for single phase PV system

Actual characteristics of single phase PV cell are simply introduced. The traditional perturbation & observation method, incremental conductance algorithm and an improved self-optimization control strategy of dynamically adjusting tracking paces are analyzed considering different work conditions and the applications are discussed in detail. Simulation results firstly show that the automatic optimization process can be realized with all of the proposed methods the feasibility of which are testified; besides, the superiority of the improved solution scheme is effectively verified through comparison of the measured results and with the developed regulation system on the basis of fuzzy logic technology, excellent electrical power quality can be sent out with smooth amplitude, rapid response and low fluctuation content.
Developmental anatomy of reeler mutant mouse

The reeler mouse is one of the most famous spontaneously occurring mutants in the research field of neuroscience, and this mutant has been used as a model animal to understand mammalian brain development. The classical observations emphasized that laminar structures of the reeler brain are highly disrupted. Molecular cloning of Reelin, the gene responsible for reeler mutant provided insights into biochemistry of Reelin signal, and some models had been proposed to explain the function of Reelin signal in brain development. However, recent reports of reeler found that non‐laminated structures in the central nervous system are also affected by the mutation, making function of Reelin signal more controversial. In this review, we summarized reported morphological and histological abnormalities throughout the central nervous system of the reeler comparing to those of the normal mouse. Based on this overview of the reeler abnormalities, we discuss possible function of Reelin signal in the neuronal migration and other morphological events in mouse development.
Low-osmolality contrast media: premises and promises.

After more than 30 years of experience in the United States with high-osmolality, ionic, radiopaque contrast media (HOCM), low-osmolality contrast media (LOCM), both ionic and nonionic, have recently been introduced into the marketplace. Under the current atmosphere of cost controls (prospective payment system) and consumerism in medicine, the higher cost of these newer agents has sparked heated debate, with the lingering question, "Can we afford to use them? " The new LOCM are not the only "expensive" drugs undergoing an economically constrained introduction into clinical practice, but they represent a significant challenge for radiologists in terms of our doctor-patient relationships and the monetarization of medical care. Review of the extensive literature documenting improvement in patient acceptance, tolerance, and safety, with equal or improved diagnostic efficacy, suggests that the question now at hand is, "Can we afford not to use them? " This premise is discussed with text and references designed to aid the practicing radiologist and referring physician in developing guidelines for utilization of the new LOCM.
Comparison of three enzyme immunoassays to tissue culture for the diagnosis of rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants and young children

Three enzyme immunoassays (EIAs), Rotazyme II, IDL, and Pathfinder, were evaluated for rotavirus detection in stool and rectal swab specimens from children with symptomatic gastroenteritis and compared with virus isolation in primary African green monkey kidney cells. Of 125 specimens tested, 49 were rotavirus positive by tissue culture isolation; of these 49, 40 were positive by Rotazyme II, 43 were positive by IDL, and 46 were positive by Pathfinder EIAs. As compared with tissue culture isolation, the Rotazyme II, IDL, and Pathfinder EIAs had sensitivities of 82, 88, and 94%, specificities of 90, 99, and 95%, and overall agreements of 86, 94, and 94%, respectively.
Mapmail: restructuring an email client for use in distributed teams

In this paper we examine a solution for coping with information sharing across location, time zone, and organizational boundaries. Email, a principal tool for such collaboration, relies on textual and/or numeric sorting, filtering and presentation by subject, data, sender addresses and/or time. Typically, spatial properties of presentation are limited to filtering incoming messages into folders. We have been designing for a different form of social expressiveness. mapping email by geographic region. We describe an example of how an email client was extended, preserving its original familiarity and functions, but augmented with new features expressed in a spatial map arrangement. We describe how this approach exemplifies a general technique we call.application surrogates. We discuss application surrogates in terms of emerging.mashup. approaches to application development.
Weakly measurable cardinals

In this article, we introduce the notion of weakly measurable cardinal, a new large cardinal concept obtained by weakening the familiar concept of a measurable cardinal. Specifically, a cardinal κ is weakly measurable if for any collection \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\mathcal {A}$\end{document} containing at most κ+ many subsets of κ, there exists a nonprincipal κ‐complete filter on κ measuring all sets in \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\mathcal {A}$\end{document}. Every measurable cardinal is weakly measurable, but a weakly measurable cardinal need not be measurable. Moreover, while the GCH cannot fail first at a measurable cardinal, I will show that it can fail first at a weakly measurable cardinal. More generally, if κ is measurable, then we can make its weak measurability indestructible by the forcing Add(κ, η) for any η while forcing the GCH to hold below κ. Nevertheless, I shall prove that weakly measurable cardinals and measurable cardinals are equiconsistent. © 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Deramp Space–Time Adaptive Processing for Multichannel SAR Systems

This letter proposes a novel deramp space-time adaptive processing (Deramp-STAP) method for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems to achieve effective clutter suppression. Compared with the traditional STAP, the proposed method can overcome the spectral wrapping problem of a moving target from a Doppler shift. Furthermore, in the case of signal undersampling, the ambiguously focused position in azimuth for a moving target can be avoided by the proposed method. Moreover, the computational complexity can be drastically reduced because we only need to consider the baseband velocity of the moving target; here, the range of the baseband velocity is much smaller than that of the real target velocity, for clutter suppression in this method. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.