Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nutritional goals of wild primates

Summary 1. Primates meet their nutritional goals by prioritizing certain nutritional parameters when choosing the types and quantities of different foods. 2. There are five major models applied in primate nutritional ecology, each of which proposes that diet selection subserves a different primary nutritional goal: (i) energy maximization; (ii) nitrogen (protein) maximization; (iii) avoidance or regulation of intake of plant secondary metabolites; (iv) limitations on the intake of dietary fibre; and (v) nutrient balancing. 3. Here, we review the evidence in support of each of these nutritional goals as drivers of primate diet selection. We discuss some of the costs and benefits associated with different methodological approaches used in primate nutritional ecology. 4. New approaches developed outside of primatology have provided better frameworks for understanding the nutritional goals of some primate species. We suggest that the field of primate nutritional ecology needs to take greater advantage of the techniques developed by nutritional ecologists working in other fields. 5. Specifically, we recommend (i) the increased application of the Geometric Framework for nutrition, (ii) the application of methodological approaches that enable the estimation of nutrient and energy availability from food sources, and (iii) continuous follows of individual primates in the wild for determining primary nutritional goals.
Utilisation du Web pour la reconnaissance de mots manuscrits hors vocabulaire

Handwriting recognition systems rely on predefined classifiers. Small and static dictionaries are usually exploited to obtain high in-vocabulary (IV) accuracy at the expense of coverage. Thus the recognition of out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words cannot be handled efficiently. To improve OOV recognition while keeping IV dictionaries small, we introduce a multi-step approach that exploits Web resources. After an initial IV-OOV classification, external resources are used to create OOV sequence-adapted dynamic dictionaries. A final CTC-based decoding is performed over the dynamic dictionary to determine the most probable word for the OOV sequence. We validate our approach with experiments conducted on the RIMES dataset. Results show that improvements are obtained compared to standard handwriting recognition. MOTS-CLES : reconnaissance d’ecriture manuscrite, dictionnaires dynamiques, Wikipedia
How Safe is a Safe Asset?

This contribution focuses on a recent proposal put forward by the European Systemic Risk Board to create a “safe asset” for the eurozone based on a repackaging of the risks of sovereign bonds, in the hope of stabilising an otherwise unstable system of sovereign bond markets. In the present paper, however, authors Paul De Grauwe and Yuemei Ji argue that a financial system that is fundamentally unstable cannot be stabilised by financial engineering. To this end, they first describe the nature of the instability of the government bond markets in a monetary union and then analyse whether this proposal of creating a safe asset will succeed in stabilising government bond markets in the eurozone.
Predicting the visual demand of finger-touch pointing tasks in a driving context

Finger-touch based interactions with capacitive touchscreen devices in cars are becoming increasingly common. As such, it is critical to understand the basic human factors of target acquisition (pointing/touching) in this context. We describe a simulator study that aims to build Fitts' Law relationships for predicting the visual demands (mean glance duration and total glance time) associated with finger-touch pointing tasks as a function of target size, location and design. The observed data show strong linear relationships between all visual demand measures and Fitts' index of difficulty, indicating that finger-touch pointing tasks conform well with the Fitts' Law model under conditions of divided attention. The derived equations are discussed in the context of designing in-vehicle touchscreen interfaces for minimal visual demand.
Automatic Speaker Recognition by Speech Signal

Acoustical communication is one of the fundamental prerequisites for the existence of human society. Textual language has become extremely important in modern life, but speech has dimensions of richness that text cannot approximate. From speech alone, fairly accurate guesses can be made as to whether the speaker is male or female, adult or child. In addition, experts can extract from speech information regarding e.g. the speaker’s state of mind. As computer power increased and knowledge about speech signals improved, research of speech processing became aimed at automated systems for many purposes. Speaker recognition is the complement of speech recognition. Both techniques use similar methods of speech signal processing. In automatic speech recognition, the speech processing approach tries to extract linguistic information from the speech signal to the exclusion of personal information. Conversely, speaker recognition is focused on the characteristics unique to the individual, disregarding the current word spoken. The uniqueness of an individual’s voice is a consequence of both the physical features of the person vocal tract and the person mental ability to control the muscles in the vocal tract. An ideal speaker recognition system would use only physical features to characterize speakers, since these features cannot be easily changed. However, it is obvious that the physical features as vocal tract dimensions of an unknown speaker cannot be simply measured. Thus, numerical values for physical features or parameters would have to be derived from digital signal processing parameters extracted from the speech signal. Suppose that vocal tracts could be effectively represented by 10 independent physical features, with each feature taking on one of 10 discrete values. In this case, 1010 individuals in the population (i.e., 10 billion) could be distinguished whereas today’s world population amounts to approximately 7 billion individuals. People can reliably identify familiar voices. About 2-3 seconds of speech is sufficient to identify a voice, although performance decreases for unfamiliar voices. One review of human speaker recognition (Lancker et al., 1985) notes that many studies of 8-10 speakers (work colleagues) yield in excess of 97% accuracy if a sentence or more of the test speech is heard. Performance falls to about 54% when duration is shorter than 1 second and/or distorted e.g., severely highpass or lowpass filtered. Performance also falls significantly if training and test utterances are processed through different transmission systems. A study
Anterior segment morphology after acute primary angle closure treatment: a randomised study comparing iridoplasty and medical therapy

Purpose To compare the effect of argon laser peripheral iridoplasty (ALPI) and conventional medical therapy in the immediate treatment of acute primary angle closure (APAC) using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT). Methods In this single tertiary centre, prospective comparative study, we randomised 30 consecutive patients with unilateral APAC into two groups: ALPI and medical treatment (n=15 each). Immediately before and 1 h after either intervention, ASOCT imaging was performed. Custom software was used to measure pupil diameter, anterior chamber depth, iris curvature (I-Curv), iris area (I-Area), and the angle opening distance (AOD750), trabecular iris space area (TISA750) and the iris thickness at 750 µm from the scleral spur. The main outcome measure was the change in anterior segment biometrical parameters. Results The mean age of the patients was 62.8±7.7 years; 13 (43.3%) were male. APAC eyes treated with ALPI had a larger increase in AOD750 (p=0.002) and TISA750 (p=0.006); a smaller increase in I-Area (p=0.004) and a decrease in I-Curv (p=0.001) after treatment compared with those eyes which received medical therapy. An optimal model consisting of age, gender, pretreatment and post-treatment pupil diameter, treatment modality and pretreatment I-Curv explained 53.2% of the variance in AOD750 change after treatment, with the treatment modality accounting for 35.0% and I-Curv accounting for 12.4% of the variability. Conclusions We observed a greater increase in angle width after ALPI compared with after medical treatment in eyes with APAC. Treatment modality and pretreatment I-Curv were the most significant predictors of angle width change after treatment.
Sustaining the nursing workforce through transformational leadership: a Tasmanian perspective

Objective : To identify strengths and opportunities for transformational leadership (FL) development in the Tasmanian Health Service (THS) nurse and midwife managers (NMMs). Background: Healthcare organisations face a dwindling nursing workforce by high turnover and ageing. TL is a developmental relationship-focused leadership style and offers ways to surmount such challenges based on positive empirical outcomes. Methods: TL was measured using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ-6S). Responses were analysed with the one-way ANO VA to identify any statistically significant associations. Overall MLQ scores.from this study were compared with previous studies undertaken in similar contexts. Result: NHMs reported TL as their primary leadership style. Statistical significance was found between specific TL elements and NMMs' education, age and gender. The comparison of MLQ scores revealed strengths and development opportunities in the NMMs. Conclusion: Health organisations may benefit from the practise of TL, informed by empirical measurements of TL using the MLQ, to overcome nursing workforce shortage.
The nutritional property of endosperm starch and its contribution to the health benefits of whole grain foods

ABSTRACT Purported health benefits of whole grain foods in lowering risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer are supported by epidemiological studies and scientific researches. Bioactive components including dietary fibers, phytochemicals, and various micronutrients present in the bran and germ are commonly considered as the basis for such benefits. Endosperm starch, as the major constituent of whole grains providing glucose to the body, has been less investigated regarding its nutritional property and contribution to the value of whole grain foods. Nutritional quality of starch is associated with its rate of digestion and glucose absorption. In whole grain foods, starch digestion and glucose delivery may vary depending on the form in which the food is delivered, some with starch being rapidly and others slowly digested. Furthermore, there are other inherent factors in whole grain products, such as phenolic compounds and dietary fibers, that may moderate glycemic profiles. A good understanding of the nutritional properties of whole grain starch is important to the development of food processing technologies to maximize their health benefits.
Modulation of Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor Type 2 Channel Activity by Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase II (CaMKII)-mediated Phosphorylation*

Background: The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R) is a ubiquitous intracellular calcium release channel. Results: CaMKII phosphorylates the InsP3R at Ser-150 and modulates the intrinsic calcium channel activity. Conclusion: InsP3R-mediated calcium release is negatively feedback-modulated by CaMKII-mediated phosphorylation. Significance: Elucidating the regulation of the InsP3R is crucial for understanding calcium-mediated signaling events. InsP3-mediated calcium release through the type 2 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R2) in cardiac myocytes results in the activation of associated CaMKII, thus enabling the kinase to act on downstream targets, such as histone deacetylases 4 and 5 (HDAC4 and HDAC5). The CaMKII activity also feedback modulates InsP3R2 function by direct phosphorylation and results in a dramatic decrease in the receptor-channel open probability (Po). We have identified S150 in the InsP3R2 core suppressor domain (amino acids 1–225) as the specific residue that is phosphorylated by CaMKII. Site-directed mutagenesis reveals that S150 is the CaMKII phosphorylation site responsible for modulation of channel activity. Nonphosphorylatable (S150A) and phosphomimetic (S150E) mutations were studied in planar lipid bilayers. The InsP3R2 S150A channel showed no decrease in activity when treated with CaMKII. Conversely, the phosphomimetic (S150E) channel displayed a very low Po under normal recording conditions in the absence of CaMKII (2 μm InsP3 and 250 nm [Ca2+]FREE) and mimicked a WT channel that has been phosphorylated by CaMKII. Phopho-specific antibodies demonstrate that InsP3R2 Ser-150 is phosphorylated in vivo by CaMKIIδ. The results of this study show that serine 150 of the InsP3R2 is phosphorylated by CaMKII and results in a decrease in the channel open probability.
The analysis of KMV-Merton model in forecasting default probability

The paper gives brief review on two models called as Merton model and KMV-Merton model. Merton model is known as the triggers to the development of many credit risk models. Of all the credit risk models developed, the KMV-Merton model is the most popular. KMV-Merton model is developed to provide probabilistic assessment of firm's likelihood to default. Its ability in forecasting default for firms is proven when most of studies done by researchers and practitioners portray positive results. However in certain circumstances, the model becomes unavailable due to its structural constraints. Therefore, analysis is done on the KMV-Merton model so that modified default probability formulae are obtained for certain circumstances where the model becomes unavailable. Analysis is done using the mathematical approach. Then, the paper did data testing observation to justify the analysis. It is found that the results from the data testing satisfied the analysis done on KMV-Merton model. Thus, it verified that the modified default probability is true. The main contribution of this paper is it able to fill the gap exists in the KMV-Merton model in forecasting default for firms.
A FACTOR ANALYSIS ON JOB SATISFACTION AND PROBLEMS FACED BY THE PRINTING INDUSTRIES EMPLOYEES

For the success of any organization, job satisfaction is vital importance. The employees who are satisfied with the job are the biggest assets. The employees who are not satisfied are biggest liabilities. The organization cannot achieve its goals and target unless its workforce who constitutes the organization is satisfied with his/their job. Job satisfaction plays important role in the happiness and prosperity of the individual and the organization which has employed them. The needs of the workers, their undertaking and their aspiration have undergone a rapid industrial growth. Therefore, the attitude and behaviour of men have become an object and critical study for behavioural scientists these days. Printing industry is less risky compare with matches and fireworks. Therefore employers do not care about the working conditions. As a result it leads to poor working condition and welfare facilities. To reduce the cost of production, most of the printing presses are not providing the adequate welfare facilities to their labour and their compensation plans are also not attractive one. It reduces the job satisfaction of the labour and increases the labour problems. Ultimately it reduces the quality of the product as well as increases the labour turnover. This paper analyses the job satisfaction and problems faced by the employees in printing industry.
The pedestrian navigation system using vision and inertial sensors

Is this paper pedestrian inertial navigation system with vision is proposed. The navigation system using inertial sensors has problems that it is difficult to determine the initial position and the position error increases over time. To solve these problems, a vision system in addition to an inertial navigation system is used, where a camera is attached to a pedestrian. Landmarks are installed to known positions so that the position and orientation of a camera can be computed once a camera views the landmark. Using this position information, estimation errors in the inertial navigation system is compensated.
The Effect of Capital Structure and Ownership Structure on Financial Performance and Dividend Policy on Manufacturing Companies in the Indonesia Stock Exchange

This study aimed to examine the effect of capital structure and ownership structure on financial performance and dividend policy. The study involved the manufacturing companies listed on IDX from 2012 to 2016. The data were analyzed by applying PLS (Partial Least Square). Research method used in this research was explanatory research using purposive sampling. The results of this study were: Capital Structure had a positive significant effect on Financial Performance, Capital Structure had non-significant effect on Dividend Policy, Ownership Structure had a positive significant effect on Financial Performance, Ownership Structure had non-significant effect on Dividend Policy, and Financial Performance had a positive significant effect on Dividend Policy.
FaultTracer: a spectrum‐based approach to localizing failure‐inducing program edits

Detecting faults in evolving systems is important. Change impact analysis has been shown to be effective for finding faults during software evolution. For example, Chianti represents program edits as atomic changes, selects affected tests, and determines a subset of affecting changes that might have caused test failures. However, the number of affecting changes related to each test failure in practice may still be overwhelming for manual inspection. In this paper, we present a novel approach, FaultTracer, which ranks program edits according to their suspiciousness to reduce developer effort in manually inspecting affecting changes. FaultTracer adapts spectrum‐based fault localization techniques, which assume the statements that are primarily executed by failed tests are more suspicious, and applies them in tandem with an enhanced change impact analysis to identify failure‐inducing edits more precisely. We conducted an experimental study using 23 real versions of four real‐world Java programs from the Software Infrastructure Repository. The experimental results show that FaultTracer localizes a real regression fault within top three atomic changes for 14 out of 22 studied real failures. When ranking only method‐level changes, compared to the existing ranking heuristic, FaultTracer reduces the number of changes to be manually inspected by more than 50% on the data set of real regression faults, and by more than 60% on the data set of seeded faults. The fault localization component of FaultTracer is 80% more effective than traditional spectrum‐based fault localization, and enables similar benefits when using either our enhanced change impact analysis or Chianti. The runtime overhead for FaultTracer to collect extended call graphs is 49.83 s for each subject on average and is only 8.26% more than that for Chianti to collect traditional call graph information. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Online Grocery Shopping and Consumer Perception: A Case of Karachi Market in Pakistan

This research study aims to comprehend the attitude and behavior of Pakistani consumers towards online grocery shopping. Factors identified (quality of product, service quality, guarantee on products, convenience or consumers, cost of services and products, range of products and varieties, perceived risk, social norms and design or interface of the online platform/website) in this research study can influence customers to switch to online grocery shopping and adopt online shopping as their prime mode of purchase. High perceived risk was observed to be the most important and significant factor in case of online grocery shopping as compared to all other factors. Consumers who are less familiar with technological devices find it difficult to trust today’s technology; these include, domestic housewives. Whereas young generation is relatively excited about the emerging medium. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used to collect the data using questionnaires. The results show that lack of variety and overpriced products also appeared to be the major factor when choosing online grocery as the prime source of shopping. This research study provides the existing online shopping trends and perception of people towards online grocery shopping. Furthermore, this study provides insights into the future scope of online grocery shopping trends in Karachi, Pakistan.
Assessment of the Effects of Moderating Factors of Entrepreneurial Orientation on the Performance of SMEs in Tanzania

This conceptual study was conducted in order to assess the effects of the Moderating Factors of Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) on the performance of SMEs in Tanzania. According to the literature EO refers to the strategy making process that provides organizations with the basis for entrepreneurial decisions and actions. The dimensions of EO are innovativeness, proactiveness, risk taking, competitive aggressiveness and autonomy. The need for firms to exercise EO has been widely recognized. In less developed countries like Tanzania where the growth rate of SMEs is very limited, the subject matter has not been fully exploited for firms to cope and understand the effects of EO on firm performance especially the SMEs. To the authors’ best knowledge there exists only a few studies in Tanzania on EO especially those looking at the oderating factors and linking them to SMEs performance. According to the literature several moderating factors such as cultural orientation and organizational structure (internal factors), social economic factors and political and legal factors (external factors) have a contribution on the applicability of EO hence performance of SMEs. The study found out that the moderating factors have an effect on performance of SMEs. However there is a need for research to test the applicability of moderating factors of EO and firm performance in a Tanzanian context.
Enhancing Resident Morning Report with “Daily Learning Packages”

The daily “Morning Report” is a fixture in many residency programs. In the past, librarians have attended this meeting and, in various ways, worked to enhance the resident learning experience. At the academic children's hospital discussed in this study, the concept was taken a step further. Together with the chief residents, the librarian provided a complete “learning package” consisting of the case write-up along with relevant, librarian-filtered, evidence-based information. The learning package was then e-mailed to all residents and some of the attending physicians. This program led to a huge increase in the use of library resources and services as well as a renewed recognition of the value of the library and the librarians.
Output feedback stabilisation for nonlinear systems with unknown output function and control coefficients and its application

ABSTRACT This paper solves the problem of output feedback stabilisation for nonlinear systems with unknown output function and control coefficients. Since output function is Lipschitz continuous but not necessary derivable, the maximal sector region of output function is given. As long as output function belongs to the sector, an output feedback controller can be designed to render the closed-loop system globally asymptotically stable. The effectiveness of controller is demonstrated by two examples.