Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant Capacity and Total Phenol Content of Commonly Consumed Indigenous Foods of Asian Tropical Regions

In order to screen the antioxidant capacity of commonly consumed indigenous foods of tropical region, vegetables, fruits, tea, oil seeds, legumes, spices and cereal were analyzed. Among the vegetables, green chili showed the highest total oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC(subscript FL)) and lipophilic ORAC (L-ORAC(subscript FL)); whereas, bean showed highest hydrophilic ORAC (H-ORAC(subscript FL)) content. The H-ORAC(subscript FL) of vegetable samples varied between 2.26 to 23.08 μmol of Trolox equivalent (TE)/g of fresh weight (FW) and L-ORAC(subscript FL) content widely varied from 0.20 (sweet pumpkin) to 16.95 (green chili). The range of H-ORACFL values of fruits showed large variation (0.45-178 μmol of TE/g FW). All four different types of tea showed high H-ORAC(subscript FL) (1,295.84-2,709.11 μmol of TE/g), in contrast to negligible amount of L-ORAC(subscript FL). In legumes, H-ORAC(subscript FL) content ranged from 16.22 to 140.54; whereas, L-ORAC(subscript FL) ranged from 4.43 to 25.78. Porso millets showed higher L-ORAC(subscript FL) value (19.4) as compared to H-ORAC(subscript FL) (0.8). In case of spices, L-ORAC(subscript FL) content varied from 29.75 ± 0.00 to 1,575.24 ± 39.63, which is considerably higher as compared to H-ORAC(subscript FL) (61.68 ± 1.71 to 272.82 ± 1.05) content. Comparatively, spices showed much higher H-ORAC(subscript FL) values as compared to fruits analyzed. In case of selective vegetables, fruits and tea samples, the total phenol content was highly correlated with the H-ORAC(subscript FL) content.
Preparation and Characterization of Reduced Graphene Oxide Based Natural Rubber Nanocomposites

Abstract This work describes the effect of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) addition in natural rubber (NR). Firstly, RGO was synthesized based on the improved Hummer’s method then characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to confirm that the RGO surface contains hydroxyl, epoxy, and carboxyl functional groups to improve graphene interaction with the NR matrix. In a second step, the synthesized RGO was predispersed in NR latex using the co-coagulation technique then added at different amounts (0 to 2 parts per hundred rubber (phr)) to a basic NR formulation and compounded in an internal mixer. The results show that the crosslink density of the developed NR/RGO nanocomposites increased by 65% for RGO concentration of 2.0 phr. For the same RGO concentration, a significant increase in tensile strength (53%) and Young’s modulus (31%) were also observed. Finally, a significant improvement (26%) of the thermal conductivity was obtained with the addition of only 0.5 phr of RGO.
Adaptive backstepping sliding mode control for direct driven hydraulics

Due to the advantages of high energy efficiency and environmental friendliness, the electronic-hydraulic actuator (EHA) plays an important role in fluid power control. One variation of EHA, double pump direct driven hydraulic (DDH), was proposed, which consists of double fixed-displacement pumps, a servo motor, an asymmetric cylinder, and auxiliary components. This paper proposed an adaptive backstepping sliding mode control strategy for DDH to eliminate the negative effect producing by parametric uncertainty, nonlinear characteristics and the uncertain external disturbance. Firstly, the DDH model and a crane dynamics model were constructed in MATLAB/Simulink and validated by experiment. Based on theoretical analysis, the nonlinear system model was built and transformed. Further, by defining the sliding manifold and selecting a proper Lyapunov function，the nesting problems (of the designed variable and adaptive law) causing by uncertainty coefficients were solved. Moreover, the adaptive backstepping control and the sliding mode control were combined to boost system robustness. At the same time, the adaptive law with uncertain parameters was selected. Simulations of the DDH with the proposed control strategy and proportional-integral-differential (PID) were performed respectively. The simulation results show that the designed control strategy can realize better position tracking, and has stronger robustness to parameter changes compared with PID．
Public Debt and Economic Growth in Niger: An Autoregressive Distributed Lag Approach

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to examine the existence or not of a long run or a short run relationship between public debt and economic in Niger and investigate the significance of this relationship. Approach/Methodology/Design: The study first applied time series econometrics tests such as Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test, Bound cointegration test and Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) on annual data obtained from the International monetary fund (IMF) and the West African States Central Bank (BCEAO). The observations cover the period from 1970 to 2019. The study then performed some residual tests including serial correlation, normality and heteroskedasticity for the accuracy of the prediction of the model. Findings: The empirical results showed no long run relationship between public debt and economic growth in Niger. The short run analysis revealed that public debt and budget balance have short run causal effects on economic growth in Niger. The coefficients are significant at 10% significance level. Practical Implications: This article gives valuable information to Niger policy makers regarding the effects of public debt on Niger economic growth. The article highlights the effects that public debt has on economic growth in Niger in the short and long run. Therefore helping policy makers decide whether to increase or reduce the borrowing trend. Originality/value: The results of the paper give valuable information on the relationship that public debt may have with economic growth in Sub Saharan African countries with the similar macroeconomic indicators with Niger.
Essential Oil Composition of Three Balkan Micromeria Species

Abstract The composition of the essential oil of aerial parts of Micromeria kosaninii Šilic, Micromeria parviflora (Vis.) Re-incheb. and Micromeria juliana (L.) Benth. ex Reich was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. One hundred and twenty-four compounds were identiified in M. kossaninii oil, 143 in M. parviflora oil, and 111 in M. juliana oil, accounting for more than 96.0%, 97.5% and 97.9% of the total oils, respectively. Sixty-three compounds were common for all three oils. The major constituents of both M. kosaninii and M. juliana oils were borneol (8.2% and 9.3%, respectively), isomeric verbenols (11.7% and 8.7%) and furanoid linalool oxides (9.8% and 6.5%). The oil of M. parviflora was marked by a high content of the main constituent spathulenol (29.9%).
Ceramic electrolytes and electrochemical sensors

The electrochemical method involving solid electrolytes has been known as a selective and an accurate way of sensing chemical species in the environment and even in liquid metal for some time. The most successful among the electrochemical sensors are the emission control sensor (λ-sensor) for the automobile engine and the oxygen sensor used in steelmaking, both made of stabilized zirconia. This article presents an overview of basic principles of various types of electrochemical sensors including active (potentiometric) and passive (amperometric) sensors. Recent advances in oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2) sensors are also presented.
Relationships between adsorption mechanisms and pore structure for adsorption of natural organic matter by virgin and reactivated granular activated carbons during water treatment

Abstract Temporal changes in the pore structure of granular activated carbons (GACs) were investigated for two reactivated and one virgin GAC during water treatment. One reactivated GAC had experienced five cycles of treatment and reactivation (5xReac), whereas the other had experienced twelve cycles (12xReac). For the virgin GAC that became loaded with natural organic matter (NOM), nearly all pore volume loss occurred in pores 40 A. For the 5xReac, the greatest loss of pore volume occurred in the 100–500 A pores. The 12xReac GAC experienced some loss of pore volume in the 100–500 A pores. For each GAC, NOM adsorption initially caused pore volume loss in pores that were only slightly wider than the NOM itself. Subsequent to this initial stage, NOM was mostly retained in the 20–40 A pores for the virgin GAC and in the 100–500 A pores for the 5xReac GAC. This was followed by gradual migration of the NOM into smaller pores. A lull in NOM loading revealed distinctions in ho.
Practical Aspects of Hyaluronan Based Medical Products

OVERVIEW Discovery Primary Structure Molecular Formula Member of Glycosaminoglycans HA Structures of Higher Orders Viscosity, Molecular Weight, and Structures Source and Isolation Distribution and Catabolism Influence on Cell Behavior Chemical Modification HA-Based Medical Products Ever-Growing Interest References CHEMISTRY Chemistry in Structural Investigation Chromogenic Reactions Chemistry of HA Degradation Chemistry in Isotopic Labeling Synthesis of Fluorescent HA Biotinylated HA HA Derivatives with Various Side Chains HA-Drug Conjugation Chemical Crosslinking of HA Preparation of Oligosaccharides Sulfation of HA Summary of Methods of Chemical Modification References RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF HYALURONAN AS RELATED TO ITS STRUCTURE, SIZE, AND CONCENTRATION Some Basic Concepts of Intrinsic Viscosity Hydrodynamic Volume and Molecular Structures Absolute Viscosity Measured at Steady State Viscoelasticity References STANDARDS, TESTS, AND ANALYTICAL METHODS Standards and Specifications Analyses of HA Structure, Size, and Quantity Natural Polymeric Impurities Other Bioassays Lipoteichoic Acid Chemical Methods of Radiolabeling References SAFETY OF HYALURONAN-BASED MEDICAL PRODUCTS IN THEIR INDICATED APPLICATIONS General Safety Considerations Safety Information from Specific Human Use References CLINICAL PERFORMANCE, MECHANISM OF ACTION, AND PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS Ophthalmic Surgeries Injections for Osteoarthritic Knees Adhesion Prevention and Wound Healing Tissue Augmentation Dental and Bone Application References INDEX
Social rumor detection based on multilayer transformer encoding blocks

The propagation of rumors on social media has been identified as a critical problem in recent years that causes social panic or economic turmoil (to some extent), thereby giving rise to the need for faster identification. With the advancements in deep learning, researches based on neural networks become popular. Most of the existing methods extensively adopt recurrent neural networks (RNNs), such as gated recurrent unit and long short‐term memory. This results in a significant degradation in the concurrency performance of the models, implying an increased consumption of time and resources. This study proposes a model with multilayer transformer encoding blocks for detecting rumors. The self‐attention mechanism in the transformer encoding blocks provides better concurrency to the proposed model and improves its performance. The proposed model performs faster executions using less or no recurrences in comparison to other models based on RNNs. Experiments on two real social datasets verified that our model could achieve significantly better results than baseline methods. The accuracy rate increased by 1.1% and 2.2% on the Weibo and PHEME datasets, respectively. In comparison to the methods that use RNNs as a feature extractor, the training duration in the proposed model was reduced by 16% and 70% in Weibo and PHEME, respectively.
Revealing the Dynamical Transition of Anisotropy Behind the HOST by Koopman Analysis

The hockey‐stick transition (HOST), which is depicted by the “local and global shear” assumption, about the turbulence kinetic energy with the averaged flow intensity is noticed widely. However, the intrinsic mechanism of averaged flow influences turbulence kinetic energy via shear and buoyancy is missing. In this research, we deploy the Koopman operator to expose invariant subspaces of the Ri series to identify the quasiperiodic coherent structures from the single tower observation. Analysis of turbulence fluxes and anisotropy demonstrates the mechanism, that is, horizontal kinetic energy coupled with vertical downward flux, whereby anisotropy evolution is changed. Examining the anisotropy invariants changing with kinetic energy reveals a dynamical transition that determines the threshold of HOST. Moreover, the mechanism about how the shear and vertical momentum influences the transition point of HOST is at first given by a group of a quadratic relationship when the anisotropy crossed over the transition point.
Methane release from Gulf coast wetlands

A seasonal study of methane release from adjoining salt, brackish and fresh marsh sediment andthe adjacent open water areas in Louisiana’s Barataria Basin indicates that methane emission isa significant process in the carbon and energy flow of the ecosystem. Methane emission wasinversely related to salinity and sulfate concentration, with methane increasing and salinity andsulfate decreasing with increasing distance from the coast. The annual amounts of methaneevolved were 4.3, 73 and 160 g C m -2 for the salt, brackish and fresh marshes, respectively. Invitro experiments show that methane production is sensitive to the addition of sulfate, highconcentrations (10 mM SO,) inhibiting methane evolution. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.1983. tb00002.x
Genomic signals reveal past evolutionary dynamics of Quercus schottkyana and its response to future climate change

Understanding the past and future evolutionary dynamics of dominant species in a forest is important for guiding decisions for biodiversity conservation, forest management, and vegetation restoration. This study used Quercus schottkyana, a dominant tree in subtropical evergreen broad‐leaved forests in southwest China, to investigate the influences of past environmental fluctuations and future changes in climate on the dynamics of tree demographics. Genomic data were obtained for 133 samples of Q. schottkyana from 22 populations using double‐digest genotyping by sequencing. The single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in the genome showed a uniform distribution. Based on principal component analysis and Admixture analysis, two distinct lineages and one mixed group were identified that corresponded to their geographical distribution. Approximate Bayesian computation analyses provided evidence that the divergence among Q. schottkyana populations could be driven by the collision between the Asian and Indian plates during the Miocene, and that climatic fluctuations in the late Pleistocene led to the introgression. The analysis of genotype‐environment relationships showed that annual precipitation and geographic distance were associated with spatial genetic variation. Populations of Q. schottkyana in the northern area of the Jinsha River basin were predicted to be the most vulnerable to future climate change. To increase genetic diversity in the northern Jinsha River basin and to buffer threats from future climate change, managers could use a mixture of local and alien seeds during forest restoration and management. This case study can promote further investigations into assessing how past and future climate change impacts genetic divergence and local adaptation of trees in forests.
Late Miocene Deformation Kinematics Along the NW Zagros Fold‐Thrust Belt, Kurdistan Region of Iraq: Constraints From Apatite (U‐Th)/He Thermochronometry and Balanced Cross Sections

Apatite (U‐Th)/He (AHe) thermochronometric results are integrated with geologic cross sections, structural relationships, and stratigraphic data to reconstruct the growth of the NW Zagros orogenic belt in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. Prolonged exhumation is documented across the belt with deformation advances and retreats from ~14 Ma onward. After in‐sequence propagation of deformation during middle to late Miocene times, preserved growth strata and AHe data show a deformation retreat by latest Miocene time (~5 Ma). In the NW Zagros, the Phanerozoic succession contains two principal décollements in Lower Triassic and middle Miocene units. The Triassic strata are interpreted as the main décollement for a thin‐skinned system that was dominant during most of the Cenozoic. By ~8–5 Ma, the fold‐thrust belt shifted to basement‐involved deformation in association with growth of the mountain front flexure and reactivation of frontal structures. The shift from thin‐skinned to a hybrid thin‐ and thick‐skinned mode of shortening may reflect variations in the mechanical behavior of the upper crust and the presence of inherited basement discontinuities. On the basis of two NE‐SW balanced cross sections spanning the NW Zagros, the estimated total minimum horizontal shortening is ~18.2 km (6%) in the central and ~16 km (7%) in the southern sectors of the Kurdistan region of Iraq. These findings suggest that the evolution of the NW Zagros orogenic belt was likely driven by the mechanical stratigraphy of the sedimentary cover, inherited basement discontinuities, and the dynamic and thermomechanical effects of potential slab breakoff and lithospheric mantle delamination events.
Fast, scalable, and automated identification of articles for biodiversity and macroecological datasets

Aim: Understanding broad-scale ecological patterns and processes is necessary if we are to mitigate the consequences of anthropogenically driven biodiversity degradation. However, such analyses require large datasets and current data collation meth-ods can be slow, involving extensive human input. Given rapid and ever-increasing rates of scientific publication, manually identifying data sources among hundreds of thousands of articles is a significant challenge, which can create a bottleneck in the generation of ecological databases. Innovation: Here, we demonstrate the use of general, text-classification
Compact stack EBG structure for enhanced isolation between stack patch antenna array elements for MIMO application

Abstract In this research article, a compact wideband stack patch antenna array integrated with compact stack electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) application is proposed. The wide resonance bandwidth is achieved at 2.45 GHz band by stack arrangement of compact meander line slot driven and parasitic patch elements. The isolation bandwidth is matched with resonance bandwidth with the design of a compact stack L slot EBG structure. The polarization diversity and three-layer EBG structure ensure an enhancement in isolation level. To validate the performance of the proposed stack antenna array, a prototype was fabricated and tested for different MIMO parameters. The measured result confirms the effectiveness of the proposed antenna array in a diverse MIMO environment.
Noncovalent interactions in high-rank coals

On fait reagir des charbons bitumineux de divers rangs avec de l'anhydride maleique et on fait l'extraction a la pyridine et au THF. Cette technique permet d'evaluer l'importance des liaisons par «empilement» entre les polynucleaires aromatiques, suivant le degre de houillification du charbon
An Empirical Evaluation of Nuclei Segmentation from H&E Images in a Real Application Scenario

Cell nuclei segmentation is a challenging task, especially in real applications, when the target images significantly differ between them. This task is also challenging for methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which have recently boosted the performance of cell nuclei segmentation systems. However, when training data are scarce or not representative of deployment scenarios, they may suffer from overfitting to a different extent, and may hardly generalise to images that differ from the ones used for training. In this work, we focus on real-world, challenging application scenarios when no annotated images from a given dataset are available, or when few images (even unlabelled) of the same domain are available to perform domain adaptation. To simulate this scenario, we performed extensive cross-dataset experiments on several CNN-based state-of-the-art cell nuclei segmentation methods. Our results show that some of the existing CNN-based approaches are capable of generalising to target images which resemble the ones used for training. In contrast, their effectiveness considerably degrades when target and source significantly differ in colours and scale.
Amorphous FeOOH Decorated CoSe2 Nanorod Heterostructured Arrays for Efficient Water Oxidation

In meeting the energy demand of green resources, the fabrication of effective yet cheap electrocatalytic active catalysts for the rate‐limiting half reaction, oxygen evolution reaction (OER), of electrochemical water splitting is highly desired. In this study, it is presented that a deliberately deposited amorphous FeOOH layer can drastically promote the electrocatalytic OER activity of CoSe2. Unlike the pristine CoSe2 which is consumed gradually, the amorphous FeOOH layer facilitates the capture and fixation of dissolved Co2+ ions, which is confirmed by the stable element contents during OER process. As a result, a low overpotential of 253 mV (@ j = 40 mA cm−2) is displayed by CoSe2@FeOOH nanorod arrays (NAs) on carbon cloth (CC) with a small Tafel slope of 69 mV dec−1, which are comparable or even lower than the state‐of‐the‐art OER electrocatalysts. In addition, the long‐time durability test indicates the remarkable stability of this material over 20 h. These outcomes provide new perception in design and large scale fabrication of cheap yet effective heterostructured OER catalysts.
Partial wall slip in polymer flow

Recently a great deal of attention has been given to the slip of polymers on the walls of containing channels. We discuss the question of where slip begins in a plane stick-slip flow when the pressure gradient far upstream is insufficient to cause complete slip. Some experimentally verifiable results are produced using the J-integral method
In vitro shoot regeneration of hypocotyl explants of Foeniculum vulgare-a culinary and medicinal herb

A reproducible protocol for in vitro shoot regeneration and plantlet establishment was developed from hypocotyl-derived callus explants of Foeniculum vulgare. Callus induction frequency was the highest (92%) on SH (Schenk & Hildebrandt) medium supplemented with 4.44 μM BA (N 6 -benzyladenine) and 1.34 μM NAA (α-naphthaleneacetic acid) followed by 86% and 80% on MS (Murashige & Skoog) and NN (Nitsch & Nitsch) medium respectively after 40 d of culture. The organogenic callus induced better shoot regeneration frequency (92%) on SH medium containing 6.66 μM BA as compared to 87% and 75% on MS and NN medium respectively. The highest number of 9.2 shoots per callus explant was achieved with the mean shoot length of 5.48 cm on SH medium supplemented with 6.66 μM BA followed by decreasing shoot production of 8.2 shoots and 7.3 shoots per callus explant on MS and NN medium respectively. The in vitro regenerated shoots produced the maximum root induction frequency of 94% on SH medium with 1.34 μM NAA, while on MS and NN media,frequencies of root induction were 86% and 77% respectively. There were 6.6 roots per shoot with an average root length of 6.4 cm on SH medium with a level of1.34 μM NAA, while MS and NN media with the same level of auxin (1.34 μM NAA) induced an average of 5.8 and 5.3 roots per shoot respectively after 60 d of culture. In vitro derived plantlets acclimated successfully with 100 % survival.