Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accuracy Limits in the Computed Transients on Overhead Lines Due to Inaccurate Ground Return Modeling

Electromagnetic transients on overhead transmission lines are strongly affected by the resistivity ¿ of ground return, which, however, is often poorly known. Therefore, the calculation of transients with very high accuracy for a given ¿ may not make good engineering sense if it entails loss of computational efficiency. The effect of ¿ on the transients comes primarily via the ground return impedance. In order to judge what accuracy is reasonable, the paper derives the sensitivities of the ground return impedances for line and ground modes with respect to the resistivity ¿. The results are simple and may assist to decide on the accuracy of computations in EMTP-type simulation programs.
Trends in incidence and prevalence of major transfusion-transmissible viral infections in US blood donors, 1991 to 1996. Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study (REDS)

CONTEXT Evaluating trends in blood donor infectious disease rates is essential for monitoring blood supply safety and donor screening effectiveness. OBJECTIVE To determine changes over time in blood donor population infection rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV). DESIGN Cross-sectional survey data from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-sponsored Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study. SETTING Five blood centers in different regions of the United States. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1.9 million volunteer blood donors with 1 or more nonautologous donations from January 1991 to December 1996. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Changes in rates of HIV, HTLV, HCV, and HBV infections were evaluated by comparing yearly prevalence estimates (per 100,000 donations) for first-time allogeneic donors and period-specific incidence rates (IRs) (per 100,000 person-years) for repeat allogeneic donors between 1991 and 1996 (for HCV, from about March 1992 to June 1996). RESULTS Prevalence of HIV decreased in first-time donors from 0.030% to 0.015% (P=.006) and HCV prevalence decreased from 0.63% to 0.40% (P<.001). Trends were not statistically significant for the proportion of first-time donors with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) or HTLV. For repeat donors, IRs did not change significantly, indicating a stable but low level of seroconversion. The overall IRs (95% confidence intervals) per 100,000 person-years were 2.92 (2.26-3.70) for HIV, 1.59 (1.12-2.19) for HTLV, 3.25 (2.36-4.36) for HCV, and an estimated 10.43 (7.99-13. 37) for HBV (based on an HBsAg rate of 2.66 [2.04-3.41] with presumed false-positive results considered negative). The HBV IR estimate with presumed false-positive results considered positive (for comparability to previous analyses) was 17.83 (14.60-21.56). CONCLUSION The decrease in HIV and HCV prevalence rates, combined with the previously documented lower rates of infection in first-time donors compared with the general population, suggests the continued benefit of behavioral risk factor screening. JAMA. 2000;284:229-235
Geographic patterns in the distribution of social systems in terrestrial arthropods

The role of ecology in the evolution and maintenance of arthropod sociality has received increasing research attention in recent years. In some organisms, such as halictine bees, polistine wasps, and social spiders, researchers are investigating the environmental factors that may contribute to high levels of variation in the degree of sociality exhibited both among and within species. Within lineages that include only eusocial members, such as ants and termites, studies focus more on identifying extrinsic factors that may contribute to the dramatic variation in colony size, number of queens, and division of labour that is evident across these species. In this review, I propose a comparative approach that seeks to identify environmental factors that may have a common influence across such divergent social arthropod groups. I suggest that seeking common biogeographic patterns in the distribution of social systems or key social traits may help us to identify ecological factors that play a common role in shaping the evolution of sociality across different organisms. I first review previous studies of social gradients that form along latitudinal and altitudinal axes. Within families and within species, many organisms show an increasing degree of sociality at lower latitudes and altitudes. In a smaller number of cases, organisms form larger groups or found nests cooperatively at higher latitudes and altitudes. I then describe several environmental factors that vary consistently along such gradients, including climate variables and abundance of predators, and outline their proposed role in the social systems of terrestrial arthropods. Finally, I map distributions of a social trait against several climatic factors in five case studies to demonstrate how future comparative studies could inform empirical research.
Gravitational-wave measurements of the mass and angular momentum of a black hole.

A deformed black hole produced in a cataclysmic astrophysical event should undergo damped vibrations which emit gravitational radiation. By fitting the observed gravitational waveform h(t) to the waveform predicted for black-hole vibrations, it should be possible to deduce the hole’s mass M and dimensionless rotation parameter a=(c/G)(angular momentum)/M^2. This paper estimates the accuracy with which M and a can be determined by optimal signal processing of data from laser-interferometer gravitational-wave detectors. It is assumed that the detector noise has a white spectrum and has been made Gaussian by cross correlation of detectors at different sites. Assuming, also, that only the most slowly damped mode (which has spheroidal harmonic indices l=m=2) is significantly excited—as probably will be the case for a hole formed by the coalescence of a neutron-star binary or a black-hole binary—it is found that the one-sigma uncertainties in M and a are ΔM/M≃2. 2ρ^-1(1-a)^0.45, Δa≃5. 9ρ^-1(1-a)^1.06, where ρ≃hs(πSh)^-1/2 (1-a)^-0.22. Here ρ is the amplitude signal-to-noise ratio at the output of the optimal filter, hs is the wave’s amplitude at the beginning of the vibrations, f is the wave’s frequency (the angular frequency ω divided by 2π), and Sh is the frequency-independent spectral density of the detectors’ noise. These formulas for ΔM and Δa are valid only for ρ≳10. Corrections to these approximate formulas are given in Table II.
Effiziente Simulation von Gateoxiddefekten auf Gatterebene mit Transistorlevel-Genauigkeit

Die fortschreitende Skalierung integrierter Schaltungen fuhrt dazu, dass Verschleiserscheinungen wie Gateoxiddefekte immer mehr in den Fokus von Schaltungsdesignern geraten, da sie ein Ausmas erreichen, das die Lebensdauer dieser Schaltungen signifikant begrenzt. Um dieser Entwicklung Rechnung zu tragen, verwenden viele Tools, die oberhalb der Transistorebene angesiedelt sind, allerdings nur pauschale Erhohungen der Verzogerungszeit, um den Verschleis zu modellieren. Dieser Beitrag stellt daher einen Simulator vor, der Gateoxiddefekte ausgehend von Transistormodellen auf die Gatterebene ubertragt. Damit wird bereits nach der Synthese der Gatternetzliste eine genaue Abschatzung moglich, inwieweit Verschleiseffekte die Schaltung mit der Zeit beeinflussen. Daruber hinaus bietet der Simulator verschiedene Einstellungen der Fehlerverteilung und erstellt sowohl Berichte uber Spannungspegel aller Netze als auch Gatterbibliotheken, mit denen das Zeitverhalten analysiert werden kann. Als Ergebnis zeigt dieser Beitrag wie mit dem vorgestellten Ansatz effiziente Simulationen von Gateoxiddefekten auf Gatterebene durchfuhrbar sind. Damit kann das sich verandernde Verhalten (aufgrund von Alterung und Verschleis) eines Designs uber die Zeit modelliert werden. Die Ergebnisse belegen auserdem, dass die Genauigkeit der berechneten Werte die Qualitat von komplexeren Transistormodellen erreicht.
Amplifying a Sense of Emotion toward Drama-Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Network for dynamic emotion recognition

This paper tried to amplify a sense of emotion toward drama. Using Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Network to model and predict dynamic emotion(Arousal and Valence) recognition. After building model, we transplant whole framework and take results from it on visualizing. We have two demo version: RGB version and Vignette version. RGB version is to modulate the RGB value of frame in video. The Vignette one is to add the vignette effect. Both version all are to amplify a sense of emotion toward drama. Let people have more fun during watching videos. The database we used is NNIME (The NTHU-NTUA Chinese Interactive Multimodal Emotion Corpus) [1]. NNIME is a newly-collected multimodal corpus. This database includes recordings of 44 subjects engaged in spontaneous dyadic spoken interaction. The length of data is about 11 hours containing audio, video and electrocardiogram. The database is also completed with a rich set of emotion annotations on continuous-in-time annotation by four annotators. This carefully-engineered data collection and annotation processes provide us to create amplify framework.
Tools for monitoring patients with hepatocellular carcinoma on the waiting list and after liver transplantation

Norman Kneteman, Tito Livraghi, David Madoff, Eduardo de Santibanez, and Michael Kew Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Interventional Radiology, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy; Division of Interventional Radiology, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY; General Surgery and Liver Transplant Unit, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
Was kostet die Krise? Mittelfristige Wachstumsperspektiven in Deutschland, 2010 - 2014

Nach dem aus historischer Perspektive ausergewohnlich starken Ruckgang des weltweiten Bruttoinlandsprodukts im Jahr 2009 ist eine Diskussion daruber entbrannt, inwieweit die derzeitige Finanzkrise Einfluss auf die mittelfristigen Wachstumsperspektiven einer Volkswirtschaft hat. So war der Produktionseinbruch wahrend der Rezession in Deutschland von kumuliert -6,8 % besonders ausgepragt. Da derartige Krisen meist langer anhaltende Einkommensverluste nach sich ziehen, wird im vorliegenden Beitrag versucht abzuschatzen, mit welchen mittelfristigen Folgen fur Produktion und Beschaftigung in Deutschland zu rechnen ist. Dazu wird das Produktionspotenzial im Rahmen einer Wachstumsbilanzierung unter Zuhilfenahme von strukturellen Zeitreihenmodellen abgeschatzt. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass das Niveau des Produktionspotenzials aufgrund der Finanzkrise zwischen 2007 und 2009 um 2,3 % gesunken ist. Daraus lasst sich fur jeden Bundesburger eine Einkommenseinbuse in Hohe von 1570 Euro ableiten. Demgegenuber durfte die Trendwachstumsrate in den kommenden Jahren bei 1,3 % liegen und damit nur geringfugig niedriger ausfallen als vor Ausbruch der Krise. Als Hauptursache fur den dauerhaften Einkommensruckgang wird eine Verringerung der Arbeitsproduktivitat identifiziert, die sowohl durch einen Entwertung des existierenden Kapitalstocks als auch durch eine Stagnation des technischen Fortschritts verursacht wird. Die Auswirkungen der Finanzkrise auf die mittelfristige Entwicklung des Produktionsfaktors Arbeit beschranken sich darauf, dass die trendmasige Entwicklung der Erwerbstatigkeit etwas weniger optimistisch zu beurteilen ist, als vor Ausbruch der Krise. Die Trendarbeitslosenquote durfte demzufolge bei knapp 9 % stagnieren.
Persistence of altered 5‐hydroxytryptamine turnover following hemibody X‐irradiation in the rat distal colon

Purpose: Acute gastrointestinal responses to ionizing radiation exposure include a role for 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT), but it is not known whether involvement of 5‐HT persists and contributes to late effects. The aim was to investigate the acute and later effects of lower hemibody irradiation on 5‐HT turnover and the biological effect in the rat distal colon. Materials and methods: Rats were exposed to 10 Gy lower hemibody X‐radiation. 5‐HT and 5‐hydroxyindole acetic acid tissue levels were measured in the distal colon along with the serotonin re‐uptake transporter and tryptophan hydroxylase mRNA. 5‐HT‐containing cells and crypt cell numbers were estimated in addition to 5‐HT‐stimulated short‐circuit current responses in isolated mucosa. Studies were performed from 3 days to 3 months post‐exposure. Results: During the acute phase, at 3 days post‐irradiation, reductions in cell number, tissue resistance, serotonin re‐uptake transporter expression and secretory responses to 5‐HT were observed. However, at later times when secretory responses were normal, 5‐HT tissue levels and enterochromaffin cell numbers were increased. Conclusions: The results provide evidence that after 10 Gy hemibody irradiation, modifications persist past the acute phase. In particular, 5‐HT turnover in the distal colon is altered during a longer period.
Peptostreptococcus micros cell wall elicits a pro-inflammatory response in human macrophages

Peptostreptococcus micros is a Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium associated with periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease affecting tooth-supporting tissues. In the present study, we investigated the response of human macrophages to stimulation with a cell wall preparation from P. micros. In addition, the effect of the preparation on the phosphorylation of macrophage kinases was studied. The preparation, which was non-toxic for macrophages, significantly increased the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. It also increased the secretion of two potent chemokines IL-8 and, to a lesser extent, RANTES. Lastly, stimulation of macrophages by the P. micros cell wall preparation induced a significant increase in MMP-9 secretion but had no effect on the production of prostaglandin E2. The phosphorylation of macrophage kinases, including cAMP-dependent protein-serine kinase (PKA) catalytic subunit beta, G protein-coupled receptor-serine kinase 2, mitogen-activated protein-serine kinase p38 alpha (p38a MAPK), extracellular regulated protein-serine kinase 2 (ERK2) and Jun N-terminus protein-serine kinases (JNK), increased following stimulation with cell wall. In summary, our study showed that the P. micros cell wall preparation induced intracellular signaling pathways, leading to an increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and MMP-9 by macrophages.
Effects of medium and inoculum on antimicrobial susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria.

Inhibitory activities of twofold dilutions of penicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and clindamycin were determined against two different inocula (104, 105) in parallel in supplemented brain-heart infusion agar, Brucella agar, and Mueller-Hinton agar. Incubation was in an anaerobic chamber for 48 hours. To compare MIC values of each antibiotic by medium and inoculum size, ! [Graphic][1] was determined and averages were calculated. In general, MIC values in brain-heart infusion agar were almost twice as great as those in Mueller-Hinton agar; in general, MIC values in Mueller-Hinton agar with inocula of 105 were almost twice those with 104. Results with Brucella agar generally were intermediate between results with the other media. These differences, however, were not sufficiently great to alter the clinical interpretation of the results in terms of resistance or susceptibility of the strains tested. [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Performance Analysis of a CSMA/CA Based MAC Protocol for Cognitive Radio Networks

We develop an analytical model to investigate the performance of a decentralized MAC protocol based on IEEE 802.11 DCF for cognitive radio networks with single spectrum band. Our analysis provides the throughput obtained by secondary users and the interference ratio perceived by primary users (SUs). The theoretical approach is verified by comparing its numerical results to simulation results. Numerical and simulation results depict the fundamental properties on the performance under various network parameters such as the number of SUs, the packet size of SUs and the minimum contention window size.
Crowded Scene Understanding by Deeply Learned Volumetric Slices

Crowd video analysis is one of the hallmark tasks of crowded scene understanding. While we observe a tremendous progress in image-based tasks with the rise of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), performance on video analysis has not (yet) attained the same level of success. In this paper, we introduce intuitive but effective temporal-aware crowd motion channels by uniformly slicing the video volume from different dimensions. Multiple CNN structures with different data-fusion strategies and weight-sharing schemes are proposed to learn the connectivity both spatially and temporally from these motion channels. To well demonstrate our deep model, we construct a new large-scale Who do What at someWhere crowd data set with 10 000 videos from 8257 crowded scenes, and build an attribute set with 94 attributes. Extensive experiments on crowd video attribute prediction demonstrate the effectiveness of our novel method over the state-of-the-art.
Using PeptideAtlas, SRMAtlas, and PASSEL: Comprehensive Resources for Discovery and Targeted Proteomics

PeptideAtlas, SRMAtlas, and PASSEL are Web‐accessible resources to support discovery and targeted proteomics research. PeptideAtlas is a multi‐species compendium of shotgun proteomic data provided by the scientific community; SRMAtlas is a resource of high‐quality, complete proteome SRM assays generated in a consistent manner for the targeted identification and quantification of proteins; and PASSEL is a repository that compiles and represents selected reaction monitoring data, all in an easy‐to‐use interface. The databases are generated from native mass spectrometry data files that are analyzed in a standardized manner including statistical validation of the results. Each resource offers search functionalities and can be queried by user‐defined constraints; the query results are provided in tables or are graphically displayed. PeptideAtlas, SRMAtlas, and PASSEL are publicly available freely via the Web site http://www.peptideatlas. org. In this protocol, we describe the use of these resources, we highlight how to submit, search, collate and download data. Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 46:13.25. 1‐13.25. 28. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Integral Line-of-Sight Guidance for Path Following Control of Underwater Snake Robots: Theory and Experiments

This paper proposes and experimentally validates a straight line path following controller for underwater snake robots in the presence of constant irrotational currents of unknown direction and magnitude. An integral line-of-sight guidance law is presented, which is combined with a sinusoidal gait pattern and a directional controller that steers the robot toward and along the desired path. The stability of the proposed control scheme in the presence of ocean currents is investigated by using Poincaré map analysis. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed path following controller for both lateral undulation and eel-like motion. In addition, the performance of the path following controller is investigated through experiments with a physical underwater snake robot. The experimental results show that the proposed control strategy successfully steers the robot toward and along the desired path in the presence of an unknown constant irrotational current in the inertial frame.
Identification of time-varying dynamics of reflex EMG in the ankle plantarflexors during time-varying, isometric contractions

The dynamic relationship between the joint position and reflex EMG in ankle muscles of healthy human subjects was studied for time-varying (TV) contractions. A linear parameter varying (LPV) identification algorithm was used to estimate the Hammerstein system relating ankle position to the reflex EMG response. The estimated Hammerstein system comprised a time-invariant (TI) linear element and a TV static nonlinearity that resembled a half-wave rectifier with a threshold and linear gain. The results demonstrated a systematic change in the reflex nonlinearity with the activation level. The gain of TV nonlinearity increased with activation level reaching its peak at 20-30% maximum voluntary contraction and then decreased. The threshold of the nonlinearity decreased with increasing activation level reaching it minimum at the same point where the gain was maximal. Using the LPV-Hammerstein method in this work, the underlying TV dynamics were extracted from small number of trials. Thus, this method can be used to study stretch reflexes in subjects with neuromuscular disorders.
Human retinohypothalamic tract as revealed by in vitro postmortem tracing

Animal experimental studies have shown that the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT) is an anatomical and functionally distinct retinofugal pathway mediating photic entrainment of circadian rhythms. In the present study, RHT projections were studied in the human brain by our recently developed postmortem tracing technique with neurobiotin as a tracer. Similar patterns of labeling were observed in brains of one control subject without nuerological or mental disorders and five patients with Alzheimer's disease. The topography of RHT projections has several characteristics. (1) RHT fibers leave the optic chiasm and enter the hypothalamus medially and laterally at the anterior level of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). (2) The medial fibers enter the ventral part of the SCN and innervate the ventral SCN over its entire length, but the density decreases gradually from anterior to posterior. Labeled RHT fibers in the SCN make contact mainly with immunocytochemically positive neurotensin or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide neurons and only occasionally with vasopressin‐positive neurons located in the ventral part of the SCN. (3) Only few projections to the dorsal part of the SCN and the anteroventral part of the hypothalamus were found. (4) Lateral projections reach the ventral part of the ventromedial SON and the area lateral to the SCN. No projections were observed to other hypothalamic areas. The presence of an RHT in humans suggests that the RHT may serve a function in humans similar to that demonstrated in animals. J. Comp. Neurol. 397:357–370, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.