Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correlates of Psychosocial Health-related Quality of Life Measures for NormalWeight and Obese Children Participating in an Active Play Program

Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to examine changes in quality of life indicators from normal weight (NW) and overweight (OW) children to a play-based fun physical activity (PA) intervention. Methods: Children (n=33) were assessed prior to and following an eight-week (4 d/wk; 55 min/d) active play program. Children were assessed by the PedsQL survey for psychosocial function and perception of physical function, PA enjoyment and PA participation. Results: These were related to changes in body composition, cardiovascular measures and physical activity participation. OW children showed a reduction in waist circumference (1 mm) and sum of skinfold (12 mm) (p 0.05). NW and OW groups experienced similar reductions in blood pressure (p<0.05). The changes in body composition (body mass waist circumference and sum of skinfolds) were related (r from -0.36 to -0.51) with psychosocial function for NW and OW children (p<0.05). In contrast the cardiovascular measures were related to changes in the OW group for blood pressures and heart rate. Conclusions: In summary NW children had a less pronounced response for cardiovascular measures to playbased PA when compared to the OW group. Nonetheless both groups benefitted in terms of improvements in body fat (waist circumference; sum of Skinfolds). Therefore active play PA programs, in contrast to training programs, are effective in mediating obesity and beneficial to physical health regardless of a child’s weight or risk status
Mechanisms of Control

This chapter is mainly concerned with functional imaging studies that illustrate different approaches to the study of control mechanisms. The prefrontal cortex does not act by itself. The executive properties of prefrontal cortex emerge through interactions with other brain areas. However, in this chapter we are largely concerned with attempts to assign specific control functions to different regions of prefrontal cortex. First, it discusses why it has proved so difficult to anatomize prefrontal function. The main problem with prefrontal cortex is that no obvious mapping has been found between subregions and function. Then it focuses on the evidence for functional specialization in prefrontal cortex. This chapter further discusses imaging frontal tasks. This includes the Wisconsin Card Sorting test (WCST), the Tower of London (TOL) task, and the Stroop Task. If one is to understand the role of prefrontal cortex in higher cognitive functions one need to take into account a much wider range of evidence. One needs to be much more precise in characterization of cognitive functions and much more accurate in the localization of brain activity. © 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
DNA looping provides stability and robustness to the bacteriophage (cid:1) switch

The bistable gene regulatory switch controlling the transition from lysogeny to lysis in bacteriophage (cid:1) presents a unique challenge to quantitative modeling. Despite extensive characterization of this regulatory network, the origin of the extreme stability of the lysogenic state remains unclear. We have constructed a stochastic model for this switch. Using Forward Flux Sampling simulations, we show that this model predicts an extremely low rate of spontaneous prophage induction in a recA mutant, in agreement with experimental observations. In our model, the DNA loop formed by octamerization of CI bound to the O L and O R operator regions is crucial for stability, allowing the lysogenic state to remain stable even when a large fraction of the total CI is depleted by nonspeciﬁc binding to genomic DNA. DNA looping also ensures thattheswitchisrobusttomutationsintheorderofthe O R binding sites. Our results suggest that DNA looping can provide a mechanism to maintain a stable lysogenic state in the face of a range of challenges including noisy gene expression, nonspeciﬁc DNA binding, and operator site mutations.
The Assessment of Tobacco Smoke Toxicity onSelected Tissues from the Cardiovascular andRespiratory Systems of the Albino Rat, anUltrastructural Study

____________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT Objectives: This work focuses on the effect of cigarette smoke exposure toxicity on the ultrastructure of selected albino rats’ cardiovascular and respiratory systems tissues from and their recovery within three months after exposure. Materials and Methods: Sixty male albino rats ( Rattus norvegicus ) were used in this study. Two groups, each consists of thirty rats. The first group was exposed to the cigarette smoke for three months on a daily basis, using a special modified smoking machine, while the second group (control) was left untreated. The exposure to smoking was followed by a period of three months of non-exposure to smoking as a recovery period. Following each period, the ultrastructural study was performed. Results: Cigarette smoke caused ultrastructural changes in the tracheal epithelium, heart ventricles and lung alveoli. Thin section of tracheal epithelium showed low number of cilia, a high degree of cytoplasmic vacuolization. Mitochondria aggregates in the apical portion of epithelial cells, inclusion bodies are present, and disrupted endoplasmic reticulums were also observed. The alveolar epithelium showed damaged multilamellar bodies of type II pneumocyte, together with cytoplasmic vacuolization and chromatin condensation, membrane blebs projecting from the cytoplasm, and degeneration of alveolar epithelium. The ventricular cardiomyocytes revealed mitochondria with deteriorated and partially disrupted or disappeared cristae. Also it showed areas with disrupted Z-discs. After the recovery period, those tissues showed partial recovery. Conclusion: Smoking induces ultrastructural changes in the respiratory passages and heart that affects the gaseous exchange and may predispose to cancerous changes due to accumulation of toxic and carcinogenic compounds, chromatin condensation and tissue inflammation. Cessation of exposure to cigarette smoking is important in returning most these changes to their normal ultrastructure.
Decision making by pension fund trustees in the face of demographic and economic shocks: a vignette study*

Abstract How do pension fund trustees deal with demographic and economic shocks? We examine this issue by using a vignette study among pension fund trustees in the Netherlands. Trustees show asymmetric reactions to shocks in the level of reserves of pension funds. Pension premiums are upwardly flexible but trustees are reluctant to decrease premiums. Asymmetries are also revealed by choices regarding the inflation indexation of benefits and changing real (defined) benefits. Asymmetry is not visible in the policy responses to demographic shocks: increases in life expectancy are reflected by taking structural measures for a defined benefit contract: raising pension premiums and the pension age. Furthermore, trustees allow their choices to be affected by the forces of social comparison: the reserve position of their fund compared to the position of other funds has a significant influence in choosing pension fund policy instruments.
Far field from near field measurements. An approach to solve the inverse problem of electromagnetic radiation via genetic algorithms

In this paper the application of the Genetic Algorithms (GA) as a search method of a geometric configuration of elementary dipoles that solve the inverse problem of electromagnetic radiation are reported. The inverse problem of electromagnetic radiation appears as a new application in the electromagnetic compatibility area that allows estimating the far field radiation from near field measurements.
Ovarian characteristics, serum hormoneconcentrations, and fertility in lactating dairy cows inresponse to equine chorionic gonadotropin

We appreciate the donations of CIDR inserts and Lutalyse (Pfizer Animal Health, New York, NY), Pregnecol 6000 and Norvomon 5000 (John Hasler, Bioniche, Canada), and Fertagyl and Estrumate (Intervet-Schering Plough Animal Health, Millsboro, DE to conduct this study. Partial funding was provided by Select Sires Inc., Plain City, OH.
The Prevalence of Obesity in School Children of Zahedan-Iran; Double Burden of Weight Disorders

Background: Obesity has a permanent effect on childrens’ health and acts as a major risk factor for chronic diseases. Therefore considering children BMI is a vital parameter at each visit. Objectives: This study was performed to assess the prevalence of obesity and its determinants in school children of Zahedan in Iran. Zahedan is the capital of Sistan-and-Balouchestan province known to have the highest prevalence of underweight in Iranian children. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 3582 school children, among which 1786 were girls and 1796 boys in 2012. The students aged 6 to 13 years old and selected based on a stratified random method. The body mass index (BMI) was measured for each student and being overweight/obesity was determined based on CDC 2000 definitions. Prevalence proportions were estimated by weighing the sample. The study was performed at primary and guidance schools of Zahedan. Samples were stratified from two geographic regions of Zahedan (Zone 1 and 2). Results: In the sample, 78.9% were under 85th percentile, 11.8% were overweight (85th - 95th percentile) and 9.3% were obese (> 95th percentile). Weighted estimate for the prevalence of obesity/overweight in girls, boys and all 6 - 13 years old students were 16.2%, 18.4% and 17.4%, respectively. Presence of overweight/obesity was related to school type (private to public schools OR = 2.13, 1.80 - 2.52) and increasing age (OR = 1.12, 1.04 - 1.20). Conclusions: A high prevalence of obesity was found in Zahedan students. Concurrent high prevalence of obesity/overweight and underweight demonstrates amplitude of weight problems in school children. There is an urgent need for special health programs to conduct proper diagnosis and management of obesity in Zahedan.
Exploring the Mental Health of Living Kidney Donors

markdownabstractAbstract Living donor kidney transplantation is the best option for extending and improving the lives of patients with end-stage renal disease. The benefits for the donor are less straightforward: a donor is a healthy person who undergoes a surgery in the first place for the benefit of another person. It is therefore of great importance to minimize negative medical and psychologi¬cal outcomes after living kidney donation and optimize positive outcomes. There is little research on the psychological outcomes after living kidney donation and how donors should be supported in order to prevent negative psychological outcomes. Therefore the aims of this thesis were to examine whether there is a change in mental health between predonation and postdonation among living kidney donors and to identify the socio-demographic, psychological, and medical factors that have an influence on (change in) living kidney donors’ mental health. The main conclusion is that mental health remained the same for the majority of living kidney donors till one year after donation, while mental health im¬proved or deteriorated for a minority after donation. However, the changes among the minority of donors were not more or less than the changes found in mental health among the general population. This indicates that the changes among donors are not triggered by the donation process. Therefore, we did not find evidence to reject potential donors based on psychological reasons, except for donor candidates who are incompetent to give informed consent due to an impaired mental health status. In addition, we identified a number of donors who may benefit from additional psycho¬logical support during the donation process. It is recommended that professionals examine the risk profile prior and during the donation process and the need for additional psychological support in the case of one or more risk factors. Interventions could be focused on decreasing stress/psychological symptoms, increasing wellbeing, and/or the risk factors, such as an intervention on unrealistic expectations. These recommendations will strengthen the psychosocial support of living kidney donors.
Nurses make a difference in immunisation service delivery

Results Immunisations were delivered by 95% of practice nurses. Factors associated with higher practice immunisation coverage and less delay were a lower ratio of nurses to children ‐ in the practice (1:1 to 1:74 (85)1:75 to 1:1290 (30) coverage P=0.04, timeliness P=0.03), nurse comfort with their own immunisation knowledge (Yes (105), No (4) coverage P<0.001, timeliness P=0.01) and their perception of parental apathy (Yes (56) No (53) coverage P=0.01, timeliness P=0.02), or fear (Yes (66) No (43) coverage P=0.01), as a barrier to immunisation.
Dillenia indica: A Review on Morphology, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Aspects

The present work is carried out to study gel formulation in the treatment of periodontal disease. Periodontal diseases are the group of disease occurring in the sulcus-the gap between the gums and tooth. Carbopol can be utilized as an important intra-pocket delivery vehicle for the treatment of the disease because it can easily pass through a cannula into a periodontal pocket where it solidifies in situ to deliver the therapeutic agent for a prolonged period. The use of Carbopol 934 gel base led to improvement in Metronidazole availability at the periodontal pocket. Carbopol gel base containing Metronidazole studied for physicochemical properties like drug release, syringybility, drug content and pH to evaluate the characterization of the gel formulation. From the prepared formulations 0.5% Carbopol gel base showed the highest release of Metronidazole (81.7%) than the 1% Carbopol gel bases (27%) after 120 min. The thixotropic behavior of the gel was expressed by its syringybility. It can be injected directly into the periodontal pocket using a syringe or cannula. The results shown that syringybility and drug release from the medicated gel decrease with the increase in the concentration of Carbopol 934.
Kualitas Tulang Mandibula pada Wanita Pasca Menopause

The need to use a dental prostheses in women increases with age. Low estrogen level is characteristic in post menopausal women, they are therefore more prone to severe osteoporosis than women at other ages. Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and the developemtn of fractures as a direct result of the low bone mass. In this preliminary study, five women aged between 53 - 62 years were observed. Bone density was determined by means of bone densitometry Lunar DPX-L and panoramic radiographs. The results showed that the tendency of osteopenie (L1, L2 and L3) was associated with the increase of age, while using panoramic radiography there were no mandible radiolucency among those under 60 years. In addition, based on densitometry and panoramic radiography, osteoporos was detected in subjects over 60 years of age. It can be concluded that the quality of the mandible in this study was relatively low among those over 60 years old.
The evolving HIV epidemic in South Africa

This paper traces the evolution of the HIV epidemic in South Africa placing it in historical context including an insiders view of the national response to it. It was noted that the first case of HIV infection in South Africa was reported in 1982 which heralded the start of the first wave of HIV epidemic. The epidemic was limited to the gay community blood transfusion recipients and hemophiliacs. However the Apartheid regime in South Africa saw the HIV epidemic as a problem in Blacks or gays that is not seen as a priority deserving of serious attention. Similarly as late as 1989 the progressive anti- Apartheid movement was more concerned with dealing with the immediacy of liberating the country than the possibility of a future AIDS threat. In 1990 Chris Hani chief of the ANC promoted the importance in addressing the AIDS epidemic in the country. Unfortunately before democracy was achieved Hani was tragically assassinated. Since political liberation in 1994 many have commented on what went wrong with the campaign of curbing the epidemic. It was noted that the historic change achieved by liberation forces was not harnessed to confront the epidemic and the prophetic words of Hani went unheeded. Hence it is suggested that the campaign must be continued to bring the epidemic under control.
Distributed Model-Based Science Scientific Models Are Not Fictions

In the current epistemological debate scientific models are not only considered as useful devices for explaining facts or discovering new entities, laws, and theories, but also rubricated under various new labels: from the classical ones, as abstract entities and idealizations, to the more recent, as fictions, surrogates, credible worlds, missing systems, make-believe, parables, functional, epistemic actions, revealing capacities. The chapter discusses these approaches showing some of their epistemological inadequacies, also taking advantage of recent results in cognitive science. The main aim is to revise and criticize scientific fictionalism, also reframing the received idea of abstractness and ideality of models with the help of recent results coming from the area of distributed cognition (common coding) and abductive cognition (manipulative). The chapter also introduces the concept of epistemic warfare, later on further studied in chapter four. It will be illustrated how scientific modeling activity can be better described taking advantage of the concept of “epistemic warfare”, which sees scientific enterprise as a complicated struggle for rational knowledge in which it is crucial to distinguish epistemic (for example scientific models) from non epistemic (for example fictions, falsities, propaganda) weapons. Finally a reference to new epistemological perspectives on the role of ignorance in model-based science is also provided.
Neuroblastoma

The survival of patients with high‐risk neuroblastoma has improved significantly with the use of intensive multimodality treatment regimens, including chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy, myeloablative chemotherapy followed by stem cell rescue, and immunotherapy. This report summarizes the current treatment strategies used in the COG and SIOP for children with neuroblastoma. The improved global collaboration and the adoption of a uniform International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Staging System will help facilitate comparison of homogeneous pretreatment cohorts across clinical trials. Future research strategies regarding the indications for and dosages of radiation therapy to the primary and metastatic sites, and the integration of meta‐iodobenzyl guanidine therapy into the multimodal treatment program, are discussed.
The Analgesic Properties of Certain Drugs and Drug Combinations

A convenient and reasonably accurate method for assaying the analgesic potency of drugs is described and data indicating its reliability are presented. This method was applied to the determination of the analgesic properties of certain drugs and drug combinations, with the following results; 1. Little analgesia is conferred by the ordinary analgesics, (aminopyrine, aspirin, etc.) either alone or in combination, unless very large doses are given. Of these aminopyrine was most effective. 2. Little analgesia is conferred by barbiturates, either alone or in combination with the above group. 3. A considerable degree of potentiation of the analgesic properties of morphine and codeine is obtained by using aminopyrine, cyclopal (a barbiturate) either alone or, better, together, in combination with the opiate. This potentiation is greater when the agents are given intraperitoneally than orally. Magnesium sulfate with cyclopal is also effective. 4. It is quite possible that even better results might be achieved with other combinations or dosages.
Postoperative analgesia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy by preemptive use of intravenous paracetamol or ketorolac: A comparative study

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with postoperative pain due operative ports site and residual intraperitoneal gas CO 2 . Preemptive analgesia is one of the promising strategies of postoperative pain relief. The present study is undertaken to compare the efficacy of preemptive intravenous paracetamol versus ketorolac for post operative analgesia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Method: Ninety adult consented patients 18-58 yr of age, of either sex, of ASA grade I/II were randomized into two equal groups of 45 patients each. Patients of group I received infusion of paracetamol 1 g and group II received infusion of ketorolac 30 mg, 30 minutes before the induction of general anaesthesia. Postoperative pain was evaluated by standard 10 cm linear visual analogue scale at different time intervals. When VAS was more than 3 rescue analgesic 50 mg tramadol intravenously stat was given. Intraoperative hemodynamic and any side effects were also recorded for statistical analysis. Results: Demographic profile and hemodynamic parameters i.e intraoperative heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure were comparable in both the groups. Post operative VAS scores were persistently higher in paracetamol group with statistically significant difference (P value < 0.05). All 45 patients in paracetamol group and 8 patients in ketorolac group required rescue analgesic within 6 hrs of study time. Total tramadol consumption was much higher (2250 mg) in paracetamol group as compared to 400 mg in ketorolac group. Conclusion: Preemptive use of ketorolac exerted superior postoperative analgesia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in comparison to paracetamol without any significant side effect.
Ebola Virus Uptake into Polarized Cells from the Apical Surface

Ebola virus (EBOV) causes severe hemorrhagic fever with high mortality rates. EBOV can infect many types of cells. During severe EBOV infection, polarized epithelial and endothelial cells are damaged, which promotes vascular instability and dysregulation. However, the mechanism causing these symptoms is largely unknown. Here, we studied virus infection in polarized Vero C1008 cells grown on semipermeable Transwell by using EGFP-labeled Ebola virus-like particles (VLPs). Our results showed that Ebola VLPs preferred to enter polarized Vero cells from the apical cell surface. Furthermore, we showed that the EBOV receptors TIM-1 and Axl were distributed apically, which could be responsible for mediating efficient apical viral entry. Macropinocytosis and intracellular receptor Niemann–Pick type C1 (NPC1) had no polarized distribution, although they played roles in virus entry. This study provides a new view of EBOV uptake and cell polarization, which facilitates a further understanding of EBOV infection and pathogenesis.
Soya ; The Health Food of the Next Millennium

The health benefits of soy food have become increasingly recognized in Western society. The prevalence of dairy products in the Western diet has been implicated as a significant dietary risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This risk is related to the high load of cholesterol and saturated fat that is presented in dairy produce. Several agencies in Western society have started to propose soymilk and other soy foods as potential, more healthful substitutes for dairy produce. Soy protein appears to be equivalent in its nutrient to dairy protein and it is devoid of cholesterol. The association of soy isoflavones with soy protein in soymilk anal soy food has hen perceived as particularly ideal fear potential disease prevention. Soy isoflavones are among the most versatile and potent biologicals known to humans and they possess diverse health-diving benefits. A discussion of the inclusion of phytochemicals into a soy diet that has its basis in vegetable protein, rather than animal protein, is one of the most significant debates in human nutrition as we approach the next millennium. Considerable evidence has accured that soy foods may represent the food of the next millennium.