Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Empty Substrate-Integrated Waveguide-Fed Patch Antenna Array for 5G Millimeter-Wave Communication Systems

This letter presents a microstrip patch antenna array fed with a low-loss and highly efficient feeding structure called empty substrate-integrated waveguide (ESIW). The proposed antenna array targets 5G wireless communication systems operating at 28 GHz. The antenna array consists of 4 × 4 radiating patches, where every four radiating elements are grouped together forming a 2 × 2 subarray and each of the subarrays is fed by ESIW feeding network by aperture coupling. The experimental results demonstrate good agreement with the simulated results, offering a wide |S11| < −10 dB bandwidth of 12.4%, i.e., 26.5–30 GHz. A peak gain of 18.2 dBi and a high efficiency of about 91% are achieved using the proposed structure. Furthermore, the low-profile substrate of the ESIW feeding structure makes seamless integration of the proposed antenna array with the millimeter-wave front end. The advantages, such as low fabrication cost and high efficiency, make the proposed antenna array a suitable solution for millimeter-wave 5G wireless communication systems.
Forcing dependence of atmospheric lapse rate changes dominates residual polar warming in solar radiation management climate scenarios.

Simulations of solar radiation management (SRM) geoengineering using comprehensive general circulation models show a residual surface warming at high latitudes. Previous work attributes this to the difference in forcing structure between the increase in greenhouse gases and decrease in insolation, but this neglects the role of the induced reduction in atmospheric energy transport. Here we show that the difference in vertical structure of temperature change between increasing CO2, decreasing insolation, and decreasing atmospheric energy transport is the dominant reason for the residual near‐surface warming at high latitudes. A single‐column model (SCM) is used to decompose the high‐latitude temperature change and shows the importance of the enhanced near‐surface warming from the CO2 increase in explaining the residual polar warming. This suite of models invites caution when attributing high‐latitude surface temperature changes to the lapse rate feedback, as various forcings and nonlocal processes affect the vertical structure of temperature change differently. Plain Language Summary Solar radiation management (SRM) geoengineering has been proposed as a way of counteracting the warming effects of increasing greenhouse gases by reflecting solar radiation. When the carbon dioxide concentration (CO2) is quadrupled and the solar constant is reduced in climate models to reach zero global mean surface temperature change, there is still residual warming in polar regions. Previous analyses suggested that it was caused by the latitudinal difference in forcing between the CO2 increase and insolation reduction. This work shows the importance of the differences in vertical structure of atmospheric temperature change between the CO2 increase and solar radiation reduction in explaining this residual polar warming. This underlines the importance of considering the vertical structure of temperature change caused by a given forcing when trying to understand what shapes the pattern of surface temperature change.
Metazoan parasites of smooth-backed blow fish Lagocephalus inermis from Kerala, south-west coast of India

The smooth-backed blow fish (puffer), Lagocephalus inermis Temminck and Schlegel, 1850 (Tetraodontidae), of Indian coastal waters were being till recently, wasted in huge quantities as by-catch. But now, these are utilised in the edible form as salted or sun-dried after proper pre-processing. Reports on the parasites of smooth-backed blow fish are scarce. The present study was aimed at understanding the parasite fauna of this species occurring along the south-west coast of India. A total of 138 fishes were examined for metazoan parasites. Altogether, 13 species of parasites were collected, which included eight species of Digenea, two of Copepoda and one each of Nematoda, Cestoda and Acanthocephala. Of these, nine are reported for the first time from this host species: six digeneans (Heterolebes maculosus, Opistholebes diodontis, Prosogonotrema bilabiatum, Tetrochetus coryphaenae, didymozoid metacercaria and Prosorhynchus sp. metacercaria); the nematode, Amplicaecum tetradonti; trypanorhynchid larva and the copepod, Pseudocaligus laminatus. The overall prevalence of infection was 99.3% and mean intensity 51.7. The most prevalent parasite was the copepod, Taeniacanthus lagocephali (prevalence = 89.1%) and the least, 3 species of digeneans (Maculifer indicus, Bianium plicitum and didymozoid larva) (prevalence = 0.7%).
Pseudo bulbs types and number of buds in the rooting and shooting of Dendrobium nobile.

The Dendrobium nobile is a specie belonging to orchiacea family, being one of the orchids more cultivated and collected. With the objective of inducing the rooting and shooting in orchid cuttings, different concentrations of NAA and IBA were tested. The pseudo bulbs, also known as cuttings, were retired of plants cultivated in tree log without any previous treatment. In the same day the leaves were removed and submerged the cuttings in water for 18 hours. After this period, the cuttings were sterilized and divided in 3 parts: basal, medium and apical, with number of buds varying between 3 and 5. The experimental delineate was randomized, constituted of 12 treatments (3 types of cuttings x 4 concentrations of IBA) with four repetitions with five cuttings each and 12 treatments (3 numbers of us x 4 concentrations of NAA). After the immersion for 3 minutes in AIB and NAA’s solution, the cuttings were placed in 48 perforated plastic trays, filled out with substratum of peel of rice charred and maintained in a greenhouse with irrigation for micro aspersion. Medium cuttings, without IBA immersion and cuttings containing two us, without immersion of NAA, provide more satisfactory results in the obtaining of seedlings of Dendrobium nobile. Key-words. orchid, cuttings, vegetative propagation.
A pH ratiometrically responsive surface enhanced resonance Raman scattering probe for tumor acidic margin delineation and image-guided surgery†

Surgery remains the mainstay for most solid tumor treatments. However, surgeons face challenges in intra-operatively identifying invasive tumor margins due to their infiltrative nature. Incomplete excision usually leads to early recurrence, while aggressive resection may injure adjacent functional tissues. Herein, we report a pH responsive ratiometric surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERRS) probe that determined physiological pHs with a high sensitivity and tissue penetration depth via an innovative mechanism named spatial orientation induced intramolecular energy transfer (SOIET). Due to the positive correlation between tumor acidity and malignancy, an acidic margin-guided surgery strategy was implemented in live animal models by intra-operatively assessing tissue pH/malignancy of the suspicious tissues in tumor cutting edges. This surgery remarkably extended the survival of animal models and minimized their post-surgical complications, showing promise in precisely identifying invasive tumor boundaries and achieving a balance between maximum tumor debulking and minimal functional impairment.
The influence of cellulose, starch and different sources of nitrogen on the growth of rumen ciliate protozoon Epidinium ecaudatum in vitro

The rumen ciliate Epidinium ecaudatum was grown in vitro in one species culture. The culture medium consisting of salt solution, powdered hay and wheat gluten provided appropriate conditions for maintenance of the protozoa. The population density was influenced by the proportion of cellulose, starch and urea in the culture medium as well as by the solubility of protein. The ciliates did not require rumen fluid for the growth.
Micosis por Pythium Insidiosum primer caso con diagnóstico definitivo en Colombia

Pythium insidiosum is a globally distributed fungus that causes a fungal infection called Pythiosis is considered an emerging disease in humans and animals. A definitive diagnosis involves clinical, epidemiological, histopathological and molecular correlations. There are no reports of Pythiosis diagnosis involving all these correlations in Colombia. In this study were confirmed Phytiosis in two horses in rural area of Puerto Boyaca (Boyaca, Colombia) presenting single,
Dense fibrillar collagen-based hydrogels as functional osteoid-mimicking scaffolds

There is an increasing need to generate novel materials for the treatment and augmentation of bone defects, affecting millions of people worldwide. Fibrillar type I collagen is the most abundant tissue matrix protein in bone, providing its key native scaffolding material. However, while in vitro reconstituted collagen hydrogels of physically entangled, nano-fibred meshes, have long served as three-dimensional cultures, their highly-hydrated nature impacts their physiological relevance. In an effort to create biomimetic collagen gels, approaches have been undertaken to generate osteoid-like environments with increased collagen concentrations, controlled fibrillar orientation, defined micro-architectures, and tailored mechanical properties. This review describes the state-of-the-art on collagen densification techniques, exploring their advantages, limitations and future perspectives for applications as bone grafts. Ultimately, by successfully mimicking the organic milieu of bone through acellular or cell-mediated mineralisation of the designed osteoid-like structure, functional collagen scaffolds with potential applications in bone tissue engineering can be realised. Abbreviations: 3D: three-dimensional; BG: bioactive glass; CFD: collagen fibrillar density; CHA: carbonated-hydroxyapatite; Col1: Type I collagen; ECM: extracellular matrix; GAE: gel aspiration-ejection; HHC: highly hydrated collagen; MSC: mesenchymal stem cell; NCPs: non-collagenous proteins; PC: plastic compression; PILP: polymer-induced liquid precursor; SBF: simulated body fluid
Hierarchical Attention Transfer Networks for Depression Assessment from Speech

A growing area of mental health research is the search for speech-based objective markers for conditions such as depression. However, when combined with machine learning, this search can be challenging due to a limited amount of annotated training data. In this paper, we propose a novel crosstask approach which transfers attention mechanisms from speech recognition to aid depression severity measurement. This transfer is applied in a two-level hierarchical network which mirrors the natural hierarchical structure of speech. Experiments based on the Distress Analysis Interview Corpus - Wizard of Oz (DAIC-WOZ) dataset, as used in the 2017 Audio/Visual Emotion Challenge, demonstrate the effectiveness of our Hierarchical Attention Transfer Network. On the development set, the proposed approach achieves a root mean square error (RMSE) of 3.85, and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 2.99, on a Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-8 scale [0], [24], while on the test set, it achieves an RMSE of 5.66 and an MAE of 4.28. To the best of our knowledge, these scores represent the best-known speech-only results to date on this corpus.
Seed heteromorphism and the life cycle of plants: a literature review

The species which produce two or more seed types represent groups where divergent strategies usually existing in different taxa are combined by one individual. In such groups, the re is a tendency for seed functions to diverge. each type specializing on some aspect of environment al variation to which it is predisposed whil e being buffered by the other seed type . Two main types of this behaviour are distingui shed, i.e . heterodiaspory and amphi carpy, based on the morphology of diaspores, their spatial distribution on a plant, di spers ibility, and other ecological functions. Ecology of heterodiasporic and amphicarpic plants is reviewed in relation to parti cular life cycle stages and habitat conditions. It is concluded that seed heteromorphi sm represents (a) a form of bet-hedging in the face of temporal variation in environmental suitability in habitats where changes of environmental conditions from season to season and year to year are ve ry frequent and no single pattern of ecological behaviour can ensure successful survival . (b) escape from negative effects of density or (c) sib competition and occurs because intermediate adaptation have low fitn ess .
Frege Systems for Quantified Boolean Logic

We define and investigate Frege systems for quantified Boolean formulas (QBF). For these new proof systems, we develop a lower bound technique that directly lifts circuit lower bounds for a circuit class C to the QBF Frege system operating with lines from C. Such a direct transfer from circuit to proof complexity lower bounds has often been postulated for propositional systems but had not been formally established in such generality for any proof systems prior to this work. This leads to strong lower bounds for restricted versions of QBF Frege, in particular an exponential lower bound for QBF Frege systems operating with AC0[p] circuits. In contrast, any non-trivial lower bound for propositional AC0[p]-Frege constitutes a major open problem. Improving these lower bounds to unrestricted QBF Frege tightly corresponds to the major problems in circuit complexity and propositional proof complexity. In particular, proving a lower bound for QBF Frege systems operating with arbitrary P/poly circuits is equivalent to either showing a lower bound for P/poly or for propositional extended Frege (which operates with P/poly circuits). We also compare our new QBF Frege systems to standard sequent calculi for QBF and establish a correspondence to intuitionistic bounded arithmetic.
Folding, stability and aggregation of the long-lived eye lens protein human gamma D crystallin

Human yD crystallin (HyD-Crys) is a monomeric, two domain, primarily P-sheet protein found in high concentrations in the human eye lens. HyD-Crys and other crystallins are found in insoluble protein inclusions associated with the eye disease cataract. HyD-Crys is expressed in utero and does not regenerate during life, thus necessitating high stability and solubility. Covalent damage, including glutamine deamidation, of the lens crystallins increases with age and as a result of exposure to environmental insults. Such covalent damage may cause partial-unfolding into aggregation-prone confomations that cause cataract. The in vitro stability of HyD-Crys was analyzed in the denaturant guanidine hydrochloride at pH 7.0 and 37°C. An off-pathway aggregation reaction that competed with refolding was previously reported when HyD-Crys was refolded to less than 1 M GuHCl. Equilibrium transitions of HyD-Crys were best fit to a three-state model suggesting the presence of a partially-folded intermediate that likely had a structured Cterminal domain (C-td) and unstructured N-terminal domain (N-td). Similarly, previous analyses revealed a sequential domain refolding pathway where the C-td refolds first followed by the N-td. These findings suggest that the inter-domain interface of HyDCrys is important in both folding and stability. The domain interface of HyD-Crys contains a central hydrophobic cluster of six residues and two pairs of peripheral interacting residues. To test this importance of these residues in folding and stability, site-directed alanine mutants were constructed at all ten positions and properties of the mutant proteins were analyzed. Single mutations of hydrophobic domain interface residues caused a decrease in stability of the N-td, but did not affect stability of the C-td. Similarly, stability of the N-td but not the C-td was reduced as a result of single and double mutations of peripheral interface residues. Minimal to no interaction energy was observed for the peripheral residues suggesting they contribute to stability indirectly, perhaps by shielding the central hydrophobic cluster from solvent. Both the hydrophobic and peripheral domain interface alanine mutants also had reduced rates of productive refolding for the N-td while refolding rates for the C-td were unchanged. These results suggest a productive folding pathway where the C-td refolds first and domain interface residues of the structured C-td act as a nucleating center for refolding of the N-td. Effects on N-td refolding rates were most prominent for the
The natural history of the Hardangerfjord 7. Horizontal distribution of the fauna of rocky shores

Abstract As part of a joint survey of the natural history of Hardangerfjorden, western Norway, a study of the fauna of rocky shores was made; this was carried out in the years 1955–63. In the mountains around the inner parts of the 180 km long fjord there are glaciers and numerous fields of eternal snow. Melting of snow and ice in spring and summer causes a lowering of the salinity in the surface layers of the fjord. In summer there is a gradient from euhaline conditions in the outer part to mesohaline waters in the inner parts. Detailed records of distribution and notes on ecology are given for all the species together with maps of distribution for selected species. The fauna changes in composition from the outer to the inner reaches of the fjord, and the fjord was therefore divided into four areas, an outer, an intermediate, and an inner fjord area, and the fjord branches, each characterized by the presence or absence of certain species. The features marking the change in fauna were 1) a decrease in the.
Dynamic Coarsening and Local Reordered Nonlinear Solvers for Simulating Transport in Porous Media

We present a robust and flexible sequential solution approach in which the flow equation is solved on the original grid, whereas the transport equations are solved with a new dynamic coarsening method that adapts the grid resolution locally to reduce the number of cells as much as possible. The resulting grid is formed by combining precomputed coarse partitions of an underlying fine model. Our approach is flexible and makes very few assumptions on cell geometries and the topology of the grid. To further accelerate the transport step, we combine dynamic coarsening with a local nonlinear solver that permutes the discrete transport equations into an optimal block-triangular form so that these can be solved very efficiently using a nonlinear back-substitution method. Efficiency and utility of the overall approach are assessed through a number of conceptual test cases, including the Olympus field model.
Hominin Evolution in the Middle-Late Pleistocene

Hominins from Europe and Africa shed light on functional adaptations and other aspects of lifeways during the Middle Paleolithic. By the end of that time span, Neanderthals and modern humans clearly differed physically and perhaps behaviorally. Explanations of the anatomical differences have largely focused on adaptation (directional selection) to climate and habitual activity, but it is hard to rule out the alternative of genetic drift. Drift would have accelerated during periods of low population numbers, while selection operates best when populations are large and expanding. Demographic changes almost certainly tracked climatic conditions in both continents. Environmental and genetic data suggest that European hominins were primarily shaped by drift, while both factors operated in Africa.
Use of local genetic ancestry to assess TOMM40-523′ and risk for Alzheimer disease

Objective Here, we re-examine TOMM40-523′ as a race/ethnicity-specific risk modifier for late-onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD) with adjustment for local genomic ancestry (LGA) in Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 haplotypes. Methods The TOMM40-523′ size was determined by fragment analysis and whole genome sequencing in homozygous APOE ε3 and APOE ε4 haplotypes of African (AF) or European (EUR) ancestry. The risk for LOAD was assessed within groups by allele size. Results The TOMM40-523′ length did not modify risk for LOAD in APOE ε4 haplotypes with EUR or AF LGA. Increasing length of TOMM40-523′ was associated with a significantly reduced risk for LOAD in EUR APOE ε3 haplotypes. Conclusions Adjustment for LGA confirms that TOMM40-523′ cannot explain the strong differential risk for LOAD between APOE ε4 with EUR and AF LGA. Our study does confirm previous reports that increasing allele length of the TOMM40-523′ repeat is associated with decreased risk for LOAD in carriers of homozygous APOE ε3 alleles and demonstrates that this effect is occurring in those individuals with the EUR LGA APOE ε3 allele haplotype.
In vitro fermentation patterns and methane production of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) hay with different condensed tannin contents

Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) is a perennial legume recently reappraised for some positive characteristics leading to highly satisfactory animal performance. Sainfoin’s characteristics may be partly explained by the presence of moderate levels of condensed tannins (CTs) able to protect dietary protein from microbial degradation in the rumen. Decreased CH4 emissions have been reported for ruminants consuming CT-containing forage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of CT content on the in vitro fermentation characteristics and kinetics and methane production of four samples of O. viciifolia cut at different phenological stages. Sainfoin hays and one sample of alfalfa hay were incubated at 39� C in anaerobiosis using the in vitro gas production technique. The chemical composition, tannin content and fermentation characteristics and kinetics of sainfoin samples were significantly affected by phenological stage. After 48 h, the CH4 production in sainfoin hays showed a tendency to increase with the advancement of phenological stage [from 38AE 6t o 49 AE 8m L g )1 of degraded organic matter (OM)]. The best period to cut sainfoin for hay making is between early and late flowering, when the forage combines high OM digestibility, low CH4 production and more efficient microbial fermentation.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Sympetrum striolatum (Odonata: Libellulidae) and phylogenetic analysis

Abstract Here, we sequenced and annotated the complete mitogenome of Sympetrum striolatum (Odonata: Libellulidae). This mitogenome is 15,435 bp in length, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNA unit genes, and a large non-coding region (putative control region). The S. striolatum mitogenome with an A + T content of 71.54% presented a positive AT-skew (0.081) and a negative GC-skew (−0.127). Twelve PCGs started with a typical ATN codon, the remaining one PCG started with TTG (nad1). All tRNAs had a typical secondary cloverleaf structure, except for trnS1 which lacked the dihydrouridine arm. The Bayesian phylogenetic tree of 29 Odonata species based on the concatenated nucleotide sequences of 13 PCGs supported the monophyly of Libellulidae and a closer relationship of S. striolatum and Brachythemis contaminata.