Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Problems and Challenges on Urban Water Management in Darjeeling Hill Town

Provision of basic services such as portable water and sanitation are vital for health and wellbeing of the society. The growing intensity of use of water in urban environment due to increasing urbanization and rapidly growing population has posed significant challenges for efficient water supply and conservation in many developing countries. Darjeeling town alike most of these developing countries struggle for the improved access of water for urban population. The urban dwellers in Darjeeling Town struggles for the improved access of water due to increasing urban population. The daily uncertainty and anxiety over the access to water has been a common sight to the people in urban Darjeeling hills. The rapidly growing urban population associated with the increasing demand for water has led to striking challenges in the management practice of water resources. Consequently, a huge imbalance has generated between the demand and supply of water in the town. The present study therefore attempts to explore the existing situation of water resources and discuss the issues and challenges around the management of water resources in the urban landscape of Darjeeling hills. The study revealed that the gradual introduction of developmental activities, faulty construction plans relating to water, political intrusion, poor governance system and lack of public awareness are some of the prominent factors for insufficient water supply and creating a situation of scarcity in Darjeeling.
Phenology of Zostera caespitosa in Tongyeong on the
 coast of Korea

The variations of morphological features, density and biomass of vegetative shoots and characteristics of reproductive shoots of Zostera caespitosa were examined in Tongyeong, Korea. Morphological features such as leaf length, width and sheath length of Z. caespitosa showed significant seasonal variation (p < 0.001). The highest aboveground value was recorded in late spring to summer and the lowest value in winter. Density and biomass also showed seasonal variations. Annual average shoot density and biomass of Z. caespitosa were recorded as 1,223.4 leaf m and 5,956.9 g w.w. m, respectively, and had the highest value in June and lowest values in November and January. Reproductive shoots were observed from April (13°C) to June (21°C). Pistils erected outside sheath, anther dehiscing and small embryos were found in April. Mature fruit and released seeds were found in May and June. These results suggest that this species had a high growth rate in late spring and early summer (15°C–20°C). Reproductive shoots of Z. caespitosa may initially appear at about 10°C in spring and seed have been released at about 20°C in fall.
IMAL preprints

The Tikhonov-Phillips method is widely used for regularizing ill-posed inverse problems mainly due to the simplicity of its formulation as an optimization problem. The use of different penalizers in the functionals associated to the corresponding optimization problems has originated a variety other methods which can be considered as “variants” of the traditional Tikhonov-Phillips method of order zero. Such is the case for instance of the Tikhonov-Phillips method of order one, the total variation regularization method, etc. In this article we find sufficient conditions on the penalizers in generalized Tikhonov-Phillips functionals which guarantee existence, uniqueness and stability of the minimizers. The particular cases in which the penalizers are given by the bounded variation norm, by powers of seminorms and by linear combinations of powers of seminorms associated to closed operators, are studied. Several examples are presented and a few results on image restoration are shown.
A Conceptual Model of Social Entrepreneurial Motivation

This paper contributes to the theory of social entrepreneurship (SE) by analysing five generic motivations (extrinsic, intrinsic and complex motivations; employment status; and start-up capital) that credibly influence individuals’ intention to engage in SE. This research uses an exploratory and inductive methodology in analysing the literature across four schools of thought based on the research conceptual model and developed six research propositions for further empirical testing. As a major contribution, this paper suggests for the first time that ‘complex motivation’ may have a significant role in social venturing.
Business Process Risk Modelling in Theory and Practice

Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to introduce SW based decision-making tool that helps managers cope with risks and uncertainties of selected industrial processes. The solution is substantiated by the theoretical background. Methodology/Approach: The research is based on combination of contextual interviews with process management experts and Business Process Modelling Notion (BPMN). The former is aimed at the identification of industrial processes with highest risk exposure the latter is conducive to the design of processes to be subjected to stochastic simulation. Findings: The findings show that the risks and uncertainties in the management of industrial processes can be kept under control when using advanced tools of risk analysis as simulation approaches. The solution proposed comes in handy to risk analysts or process managers. Research Limitation/Implication: The library of process models which were included into stochastic simulation includes selected processes as investments, service providing or economic value-added engineering. Additional processes are being included on ongoing basis. Originality/Value of paper: The paper offers the solution to industrial process risk management which goes far beyond academic sphere and provides industrial practitioners SW tool that facilitates process risk management. Category: Technical paper
Stilbenoids: chemistry, occurrence, bioavailability and health effects—a review

Stilbenoids are synthesized by plants in response to external stimuli such as infection and UV-irradiation, thus known as phytoalexins. Stilbenoids include resveratrol, piceid, piceatannol, pterostilbene, astringin, and viniferin and have been of interest due to their myriad of health benefits, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and anti-diabetic effects. Despite their numerous health effects, the bioavailability of stilbenoids is poor. However, the existing literature on this subject is fragmented and thus collective effort is needed to better understand their role before and after consumption. Therefore, this contribution provides an overview of the synthesis, occurrence, bioavailability and health benefit of stilbenoids.
LEGAL AUDIT QUALITY AND FRAUD RISK: THE CASE OF TUNISIAN LISTED COMPANIES

The aim of this study is to examine the impact of legal audit quality on the likelihood of accounting fraud, for a sample of 48 companies listed on the Tunisian stock market over the period between 2014 and 2018. Based on the logit panel regression, we have shown that the audit firm's membership in one of the Big networks and the rotation of external auditors are two major determinants in the reduction of cases of fraud in Tunisian companies. In addition, the results showed that joint audit deteriorates the quality of auditing and thus increases the risk of fraud. This study provides new insights in terms of legal audit and fraud risk in the Tunisian context based on the econometrics of panel data, which is a valuable method to measure the impact of several actions alone or simultaneously. It has allowed us to analyze the behaviors of companies by considering the effect of many proxies of legal audit quality.
Development and Characterization of Nanoemulgel Containing Piper betle Essential Oil as Active Ingredient

This study aims to formulate and characterize a stable nanoemulgel containing Piper betle essential oil as the active ingredient for topical drug delivery. Nanoemulgel is a mixture of nanoemulsion and a gelling agent. Nanoemulsion was prepared by mixing the oil phase that containing soybean oil and Piper betle essential oil at different ratios, tween 80 as the surfactant and glycerol as the co-surfactant with the aqueous phase (distilled water). The essential oil of Piper betle was extracted by using a steam distillation method. The droplet size of nanoemulsion was in the range of 28 to 161 nm. The sizes were confirmed by dynamic light scattering method. Carbopol 940 was used as the gelling agent to increase the viscosity of the nanoemulsion and turn it into nanoemulgel. Nanoemulsion and nanoemulgel were characterised by using the Tyndall effect, spreadability test, and pH test. The pH of nanoemulgel with essential oil was in the range of 7 to 6, which is safe to be used on the skin. Nanoemulgel can be a suitable carrier for the active ingredient (essential oil) to be penetrated with ease into the skin because of its small droplets size. In conclusion, Piper betle nanoemulgel has shown great potential in helping the transdermal delivery.
Approach to psychotherapy in generalized anxiety disorder in the primary health care

Although medications have shown great efficacies in managing generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), recent evidence shows that patients tend to psychotherapy as their first-line of management due to the frequency of side effects resulting from the prolonged use of these medications. Psychotherapy is defined as the using certain and defined psychological modalities for the management of an emotional or mental illness on the condition that the aim and deadline of the therapy have been pre-determined. In this review, we present a brief about the psychological management of patients with GAD. We have identified three psychological modalities for the management of GAD as previous studies have compared them to the usual care by pharmacological modalities or a placebo. These include cognitive-behavioral (CBT), interpersonal, and supportive therapies. We found that management of GAD using CBT, interpersonal or supportive therapies is significantly efficacious in reducing GAD symptoms and increase the possibilities of recovery in addition to reducing the recovery or relapse rates. By doing this, we expect that the managed patient’s quality of life would be improved. We also recommend that the management approach should be case-sensitive for each patient depending on the patient’s status, the severity of the disease, and the responsiveness of the patient.
Factors Influencing on Export Engagement of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Sri Lanka: Resource Based View

Purpose: Sri Lankan government has recognized small and medium enterprises (SMEs) as the backbone of the economy. Export is the most adapted internationalization mechanism by SMEs. Export activities of SMEs are caused to reduce trade balance deficit, increase capital inflow, increase employment, create balance of payment surplus and increase the production. In the most of the developing countries, considerable amount of total export activities is performed by SMEs. However, a few numbers of SMEs are exporting in Sri Lanka. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that influence on export engagement of SMEs in Sri Lanka. Methods: Explanatory research approach followed by quantitative method used in this study. Based on literature, financial capability, management capability, government policy and marketing information were selected as influencing factors on export engagement of SMEs. Scope of the study consisted with SMEs in the manufacturing sector, located in Western province. A structured questionnaire was used for the primary data collection. Findings: The survey was conducted on 151 SMEs. The multiple regression analysis results revealed that 72.6% of the variation in export engagement can be explained by financial capability, management capabilities and government policies. However, marketing information was not a Original Research Article Madushanka and Sachitra; SAJSSE, 9(3): 38-49, 2021; Article no.SAJSSE. 64680 39 significant determinant of export engagement of SMEs. Among the factors, management capability recorded the highest beta value (beta = 0.487) followed by financial capabilities. Research Implications: This study helps to enhance the development of the country through assisting the SMEs to enhance their exports by having a better understand about the factors influence for export engagement of SMEs. The SMEs which are not engaged with export, can get a knowledge about the most important factors of the export-engaged enterprises have. Further Study Suggestions: Future studies might concern in depth analysis of problems face by SMEs when engaging with exports and remedies for those problems by using many sample size within a long period of time.
RANTES as a novel biomarker for atherogenic dyslipidemia and metabolic disturbances in patients with Type 2 Diabetes

RANTES (Regulated upon Activation, Normal T cell Expressed and presumably Secreted) is a chemokine engaged in the pathophysiology of diabetes type 2 (T2DM), related cardiovascular complications, dyslipidemia and hypertension that are major modifiable risk factors of T2DM. VEGF (Vascular endothelial growth factor) plays a role in diabetic vascular complications. Atherogenic dyslipidemia (AD) is a lipid aberration defined as the incidence of raised triglycerides (TG) and dimished high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and associated with residual cardiovascular risk. However, the association between chemokine and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and metabolic disturbances is still unclear, and few data are available. The aim of this study was to estimate serum RANTES, serum lipid composition, VEGF, and metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients with T2DM and elucidate their relationship in a sample of Egyptian premenopausal women. Serum level of RANTES, VEGF, lipids and body composition were assessed in 100 premenopausal women with T2DM (mean age 35 years old) and 100 healthy controls. Significant increase in serum RANTES level and VEGF was observed in T2DM compared to the control group. Positive correlations between elevated RANETS and increased values of VEGF, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fat mass, LDL-C, TG, total cholesterol and presence of MS were observed in T2DM patients. Elevated RANTES concentration is associated with AD risk, abnormal metabolic components and VEGF levels. This study pinpoints the importance of RANTES as a novel biomarker for dyslipidemia and metabolic disturbance in T2DM patients.
Methylation Status of p16 gene in Iraqi Colorectal Cancer Patients

The CDKN2A gene (encode cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A) is considered as a tumour suppressor gene involved in cell-cycle control, and methylation in promoter regions of this gene is a frequent event in CRC patients as it associated with the loss of p16 protein expression in cancer cells leading to gene silence. The methylation status of the p16 gene was examined in 35 samples of Iraqi colorectal cancers (primary carcinomas) and the five samples of Iraqi bowel inflammation patients using Methyl Sensitive High Resolution Melting and the correlation between the methylation status and the clinicopathological findings was evaluated. The results show aberrant methylation of the p16 gene was detected in 17 colorectal tumor samples out of the 35 (48.75% ) primary colorectal carcinomas but there no change in methylation status was found, suggesting that the aberrant methylation of p16 was frequently observed in Iraqi colorectal carcinomas. The clinicopathological data were then correlated with these results. Significant differences were observed with age (p<0.01), tumour location (p<0.01), moderately differentiated (p<0.01) and (T3) lymphatic invasion (p<0.01). This study provides evidence for hypermethylation status p16 gene in CRC patients, which may serve as useful information on CRC cancer progression.
NFLUENCES OF INTERMEDIATION OF SUPPORT INSTITUTIONS ON INNOVATIVENESS AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE

Purpose: Identify the inf luence of relationships with support institutions on innovativeness and organizational performance. Theoretical framework: The innovation intermediaries are organizations that act as a link between those involved in the innovation process and whose purpose is to develop the innovative aspects of organizations. Although studies have pointed out the importance of relationships with support institutions for the development of innovation, the present study investigated the role of these institutions as intermediary actors in the innovation process. Design/methodology/approach: A systematic literature review was conducted. The Methodi Ordinatio Index was used as a protocol. In order to identify the most central theoretical approaches in the studies, as well to map the interactions between these approaches, the Social Network Analysis SNA technique was used. Findings: The relationship with support institutions increases access to non-redundant contacts; these, in its turn, inf luence innovativeness. The performance of these actors as intermediaries will only inf luence innovativeness in the circumstances in which the idiosyncrasy of these institutions does not prevent or makes impossible access to nonredundant contacts. Originality/value: The study contributed with literature from the f ields of interorganizational relations, innovation and strategy by identifying the theoretical approaches in which the role of innovation support organizations is inserted, as well as by identifying the inf luence for access to non-redundant contacts, relevant to the innovation process; in addition, theoretical propositions and a research agenda are presented.
Comparative study between oral acetaminophen and lidocaine spray on endotracheal tube-related sore throat in adult intensive care

Background/Purpose: Endotracheal tube (ETT)-related sore throat is a common source of stress in intensive care. Quantitative studies on therapy for ETT-related sore throat remain limited. The current study evaluated the therapeutic effects of oral acetaminophen (ACT) and lidocaine (LIDO) spray on pain relief for ETT-related sore throat in intensive care.Methods: Patients who could communicate with caregivers non-verbally and who had acquired ETT-related sore throat at a medical intensive care unit (ICU) were enrolled. The medications were dispensed at the request of the patients. The intensity of ETT-related throat pain was recorded for quantitative comparison before and after patients received 500 mg of ACT orally or one dose of 10% LIDO spray locally. Before leaving the ICU, the patients were interviewed by a research nurse to assess the effect of these interventions on satisfaction with pain management for ETT-related sore throat. Results: We enrolled 89 patients during the study period, and the intensity of ETT-related throat pain significantly decreased after treatment (6.97 in 5 min before vs. 3.60 in 120 min after oral ACT, P < 0.001; 8.56 in 5 min before vs. 4.12 in 120 min after LIDO application, P < 0.001). The degree of pain reduction over time differed between the ACT and LIDO groups. Patients in the LIDO group made more requests for additional therapy compared with patients in the ACT group (1 LIDO spray per request for an average of 4.7 requests vs. 1 ACT dose per request for an average of 1.3 requests, P < 0.001). Patients in both the ACT and LIDO groups reported high satisfaction with pain management for ETT-related sore throat (87.3 of 100 vs. 86.5 of 100, respectively, P = 0.805). Conclusion: ACT and LIDO treatment can effectively attenuate ETT-related sore throat. Patients were highly satisfied with pain management for ETT-related sore throat after both oral ACT and local LIDO application.
Alfred Schutz's Perspective in Phenomenology Approach: Concepts, Characteristics, Methods and Examples

Alfred Schutz with his phenomenology introduced the concept of multiple reality. For Schutz, the reality in this world is not only in the reality of social life, but also includes fantasy reality, dream reality, etc. Therefore, the aim of this research is to analyze and describe how the concepts, characteristics, methods and examples of the use of the phenomenological approach in Alfred Schutz's perspective qualitative research methodology. The results of the study explain that the phenomenological approach pioneered by Edmund Husserl has a watchword: zuruck zu den sachen selbst (back to things themselves) that a method for explain phenomena in their purity, where these phenomena are anything that in some way appears in human consciousness . Whether in the form of something as a result of fiction or in the form of something real.
Hydrogels for management of chronic wound healing

Chronic wounds occur when one wound healing process or a sequence of wound healing events are affected resulting in slow healing of the wound thereby placing the patient in deep pain. Various diseases and conditions can delay the process of wound healing. Wound healing can be classified into four main stages: hemostasis, inflammation, remodeling, and scar tissue formation with each phase overlapping one another. The skin is the largest organ in the body. It protects the entire external surface of the human body and is the primary site of interaction with the outside environment. There is therefore a need to fabricate an ideal dressing through scientific research and investigations. Hydrogels are a three-dimensional network of hydrophilic polymers that can swell in water and absorb copious amounts of water while maintaining their structure because of their chemical or physical crosslinking of individual polymer chains. A hydrogel must be composed of at least 10% water. Hydrogels possess the flexibility and water percentage which is remarkably like tissues. They are biocompatible and biodegradable which makes them ideal for dermal wound healing.
Detection of Toxoplasma gondii-specific immunoglobulin (IgG) antibodies in meat juice of beef

Article history: Received March 21, 2020 Accepted April 22, 2020 Available online March 15, 2021 Toxoplasmosis is an important worldwide foodborne zoonotic disease. Infected cattle meats are considered a serous cause of human toxoplasmosis. Here, this study assesses the infection with Toxoplasma gonddi (T. gondii) in cattle using meat juice samples from diaphragmatic muscles collected at the slaughter. An in house indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and commercial latex agglutination test (LAT) followed by immunoblotting were developed on the meat juice (fluids) using tachyzoites of locally isolated T. gondii strain. The comparative analysis of the results of the tested juice samples showed an excellent agreement between the in-house indirect ELISA and LAT test in the positive and negative of meat juice. Relative sensitivity was higher for ELISA on diaphragms fluids random samples 80.39%, for the LAT test was 68.6%. Immune-reactive bands of T. gondii local strain Ag with naturally infected meat juice were 116, 83, 65, 30 and 23 KDa. The obtained results concluded that the development of an effective ELISA test to be used in for detection of toxoplasmosis infection of slaughtered cattle in large-scale would be exactly valuable, since the important role that beef plays in epidemiology of T. gondii, in particular the hazard of transmission to human and food safety.