Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A case of less than meets the eye

deletion of the proteolipid protein gene (PLP) in a family with X-linked Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease. Am J Hum Genet 1991; 49:1355–1360. 9. Sistermans EA, de Wijs IJ, de Coo RF, et al. A (G-to-A) mutation in the initiation codon of the proteolipid protein gene causing a relatively mild form of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease in a Dutch family. Hum Genet 1996;97:337–339. 10. Sistermans EA, de Coo rFM, De Wijs IJ, Van Oost BA. Duplication of the proteolipid protein gene is the major cause of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease. Neurology 1998;50:1749–1754. 11. van der Voorn JP, Pouwels PJW, Hart AAM, et al. Childhood white matter disorders: quantitative MR imaging and spectroscopy. Radiology 2006;241:510–517.
A 1-year trial of telbivudine, lamivudine, and the combination in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B.

BACKGROUND & AIMS A previous 4-week trial of telbivudine in patients with chronic hepatitis B indicated marked antiviral effects with good tolerability, leading to the present 1-year phase 2b trial. METHODS This randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of telbivudine 400 or 600 mg/day and telbivudine 400 or 600 mg/day plus lamivudine 100 mg/day (Comb400 and Comb600) compared with lamivudine 100 mg/day in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive adults with compensated chronic hepatitis B. RESULTS A total of 104 patients were randomized 1:1:1:1:1 among the 5 groups. Median reductions in serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels at week 52 (log(10) copies/mL) were as follows: lamivudine, 4.66; telbivudine 400 mg, 6.43; telbivudine 600 mg, 6.09; Comb400, 6.40; and Comb600, 6.05. At week 52, telbivudine monotherapy showed a significantly greater mean reduction in HBV DNA levels (6.01 vs 4.57 log(10) copies/mL; P < . 05), clearance of polymerase chain reaction-detectable HBV DNA (61% vs 32%; P < .05), and normalization of alanine aminotransferase levels (86% vs 63%; P < .05) compared with lamivudine monotherapy, with proportionally greater HBeAg seroconversion (31% vs 22%) and less viral breakthrough (4.5% vs 15.8%) (P = NS for both). Combination treatment was not better than telbivudine alone. All treatments were well tolerated. In exploratory scientific analyses, clinical efficacy at 1 year appeared related to reduction in HBV DNA levels in the first 6 months of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with telbivudine exhibited significantly greater virologic and biochemical responses compared with lamivudine. Results with the combination regimens were similar to those obtained with telbivudine alone. These data support the ongoing phase 3 evaluation of telbivudine for treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B.
Delusions and Other Irrational Beliefs

Delusional people are people saying very bizarre things like they are dead, their spouse is a robot, the TV star is talking to them, they are possessed by the devil, aliens are following them, and so on. Even though we know that they are not identical, terms like “delusion” and “mental illness” are often used as synonyms in ordinary language. This comes from what psychopathology tradition handed down: delusion is the key psychopathological phenomenon, although essentially un-understandable (Jaspers, 1959). In her book Delusion and Other Irrational Beliefs, Lisa Bortolotti explores the topic of delusion from the epistemological perspective of analytical philosophy. Do delusional people really believe what they say? This question is as interesting as it is pressing for clinics. From the very beginning however this work is engaged in defending two core ideas. First, understanding belief, regardless of whether it is a “real pattern” or not (Dennett, 1991), is relevant to understanding what delusions are. Second, delusions can be beliefs like others. This is only a small part of what makes this book a fascinating and indispensable work. The aim of the book is arguing against accounts which deny the doxastic nature of delusion. In philosophy of mind, the claim that delusions are not beliefs is taken as a modus tollens argument deriving from the general premise that all beliefs presuppose a background rationality, as assumed by belief attribution theory in the Davidson-Dennett tradition. In other words, since delusions do not meet the rationality constraint (since they are irrational phenomena), they are not beliefs at all. Chapter 1 is an opening background section devoted both to the rationality constraint in belief attribution theory and to conceptions and taxonomy of
Amendment history : Corrigendum ( December 2004 ) Stem cells : science , policy , and ethics

Human embryonic stem cells offer the promise of a new regenerative medicine in which damaged adult cells can be replaced with new cells. Research is needed to determine the most viable stem cell lines and reliable ways to promote the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into specific cell types (neurons, muscle cells, etc.). To create new cell lines, it is necessary to destroy preimplantation blastocysts. This has led to an intense debate that threatens to limit embryonic stem cell research. The profound ethical issues raised call for informed, dispassionate debate. Science and Society
The impact of novel fermented products containing extruded wheat material on the quality of wheat bread.

Summary Lactobacillus sakei MI806, Pediococcus pentosaceus MI810 and Pediococcus acidilactici MI807, able to produce bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances, were originally isolated from Lithuanian spontaneous rye sourdough and adapted in the novel fermentation medium containing extruded wheat material. The novel fermented products (50 and 65 % moisture content) were stored at the temperatures used in bakeries (15 days at 30–35 °C in the summer period or 20 days under refrigeration conditions at 0–6 °C). The number of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was determined during the storage of fermented products for 15–20 days. Furthermore, the effect of novel fermented products stored under different conditions on wheat bread quality was examined. Extruded wheat material was found to have a higher positive effect on LAB growth compared to the control medium by lowering the reduction of LAB populations in fermented products with the extension of storage time and increase of temperature. During storage, lower variation and lower decrease in LAB count were measured in the novel fermented products with a moisture content of 65 % compared to those with 50 %. Furthermore, this humidity allows for the production of a product with higher moisture content in continuous production processes. The addition of the new fermented products with 65 % humidity to the wheat bread recipe (10 % of the quantity of flour) had a significant effect on bread quality: it increased the acidity of the crumb and specific volume of the bread, and decreased the fractal dimension of the crumb pores and crumb firmness. Based on the microbiological investigations of fermented products during storage and baking tests, the conditions of LAB cultivation in novel fermentation media were optimized (time of cultivation approx. 20 days at 0–6 °C and approx. 10 days at 30–35 °C).
Role Forgetting for ALCOQH(universal role)-Ontologies Using an Ackermann-Based Approach

Forgetting refers to a non-standard reasoning problem concerned with eliminating concept and role symbols from description logic-based ontologies while preserving all logical consequences up to the remaining symbols. Whereas previous research has primarily focused on forgetting concept symbols, in this paper, we turn our attention to role symbol forgetting. In particular, we present a practical method for semantic role forgetting for ontologies expressible in the description logic ALCOQH(O), i.e., the basic description logic ALC extended with nominals, number restrictions, role inclusions and the universal role. Being based on an Ackermann approach, the method is so far the only approach for forgetting role symbols in description logics with number restrictions. The method is goal-oriented and incremental. It always terminates and is sound in the sense that the forgetting solution is equivalent to the original ontology up to the forgotten symbols, possibly with new concept definer symbols. Despite our method not being complete, performance results of an evaluation with a prototypical implementation have shown very good success rates on real-world ontologies.
User acceptance towards a personalised hands-free messaging application (iSay-SMS)

Mobile phone usage in Malaysia is spreading rapidly and has gone through great changes due to new developments and innovations in mobile phone technology. There is no doubt that more and more Malaysians are using short message service (SMS) instead of making voice calls. In order to satisfy the needs and demands of users, mobile phone manufacturers are constantly adapting and innovating to ensure that they can survive in this competitive market. An important innovation in SMS technology lately is the speech recognition technology that can convert voice messages into text messages. In other words, messages can be voice/speech typed. Currently, voice messages can only be converted into text messages in the form of normal/standard text using fully spelled words. This paper attempts to evaluate the level of acceptance of a software application which uses either standard or abbreviation text messaging dictionary for voice messaging. The product is known as iSay-SMS, a hands-free voice messaging application that enables users to send messages without the need of using keypad to type messages in the form of original fully spelled word or abbreviations or shortened form of a word. Among various technology acceptance models studied, MOPTAM was chosen as the basis of the survey. The result of the survey concluded that iSay-SMS would be accepted by the majority of mobile phone users because of its ease of use.
Architectures and algorithms for track association and fusion

Target tracking using multiple sensors can provide better performance than using a single sensor. One approach to multiple target tracking with multiple sensors is to first perform single sensor tracking and then fuse the tracks from the different sensors. Two processing architectures for track fusion are presented: sensor to sensor track fusion, and sensor to system track fusion. Technical issues related to the statistical correlation between track estimation errors are discussed. Approaches for associating the tracks and combining the track state estimates of associated tracks that account for this correlation are described and compared by both theoretical analysis and Monte Carlo simulations.
Characterization of Stroma from Fuchs' Endothelial Dystrophy Corneas

Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy is commonly regarded as an endothelial cell disorder. In the present study we compared glycoconjugates of Fuchs' and normal corneas using FITC conjugated lectins [peanut agglutinin (PNA), castor bean agglutinin (RCA120), soybean agglutinin (SBA), and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)]. Our results showed increased staining with RCA120 and PNA in the posterior region of the Fuchs' corneas, indicating an accumulation of terminal beta-galactose and B-D-galactose (1–3)-D-N-acetylgalactosamine residues. The stromal and epithelial regions of normal and Fuchs' corneas exhibited similar staining patterns with all lectins tested. Our collagen studies showed an increased extractability and abnormal amino acid analyses of collagen from Fuchs' corneas as compared with normals. The purified collagens did have similar banding patterns by sodium dodecyl sulfate gels. However, further characterization by 1251 two-dimensional peptide mapping revealed that Fuchs' alpha1-sized chains contained fingerprints that were distinctly different from normal cornea stromal collagen. These data suggest that in addition to abnormal accumulation of RCA120- and PNA-specific glycoconjugates in the posterior cornea, Fuchs' corneas contained stromal collagens with altered biochemical properties. We postulate that the characteristic deterioration of endothelial function in Fuchs' dystrophy may compromise the microenvironment of the stroma and its keratocytes, and thereby lead to an altered collagenous extracellular matrix.
Management of Broken Dental Implant Abutment in a Patient with Bruxism: A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature

This rare case report describes prosthodontic complications resulting from a dental implant was placed surgically more distally in the area of the missing mandibular first molar with a cantilever effect and a crest width of >12 mm in a 59-year-old patient who had a history of bruxism. Fracture of abutment is a common complication in implant was placed in area with high occlusal forces. Inability to remove the broken abutment may most often end up in discarding the implant. Adding one more dental implant mesially to the previously placed implant, improvisation of technique to remove the broken abutment without sacrificing the osseointegrated dental implant, fabrication with cemented custom-made abutment to replace the broken abutment for the first implant, and the use of the two implants to replace a single molar restoration proved reliable and logical treatment solutions to avoid these prosthodontic complications.
Diseño e implementación de un sistema de reconstrucción en 3d a partir de una nube de puntos

Diferentes dispositivos se estan usando para investigacion en campos como la realidad aumentada y reconstruccion 3D. Una de estas herramientas es el sensor Kinect que permite obtener informacion de profundidad de los objetos en el mundo real. En articulos como [11], [14], [27], [28] se encuentran trabajos desarrollados con este sensor, algunos de estos tratan la correccion de datos capturados, la deteccion de movimientos y figuras humanas, el reconocimiento de gestos humanos y la captura de datos de profundidad. Su asequibilidad y popularidad ha logrado motivar el desarrollo de muchos trabajos de investigacion. En este trabajo se utilizo el sensor Kinect para hacer reconstruccion 3D con el uso de MatlabR . En este software se realizo todo el procesamiento necesario para que cada una de las capturas hechas se ordene de tal forma que la combinacion de todas resultara en la imagen digital en tercera dimension del objeto capturado. Para lograr esto se utilizaron algoritmos como SURF [18] e ICP [16] con los que se determinaron puntos que correspondian entre una nube de puntos y otra, y se encontraron matrices de rotacion y traslacion que permitian el mejor acople de las capturas. Ademas la integracion de estos algoritmos con funciones propias de MatlabR hizo posible la obtencion de objetos en 3D como se presenta en los resultados.
Hda, a novel DnaA‐related protein, regulates the replication cycle in Escherichia coli

The bacterial DnaA protein binds to the chromosomal origin of replication to trigger a series of initiation reactions, which leads to the loading of DNA polymerase III. In Escherichia coli, once this polymerase initiates DNA synthesis, ATP bound to DnaA is efficiently hydrolyzed to yield the ADP‐bound inactivated form. This negative regulation of DnaA, which occurs through interaction with the β‐subunit sliding clamp configuration of the polymerase, functions in the temporal blocking of re‐initiation. Here we show that the novel DnaA‐related protein, Hda, from E.coli is essential for this regulatory inactivation of DnaA in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicate that the hda gene is required to prevent over‐initiation of chromosomal replication and for cell viability. Hda belongs to the chaperone‐like ATPase family, AAA+, as do DnaA and certain eukaryotic proteins essential for the initiation of DNA replication. We propose that the once‐per‐cell‐cycle rule of replication depends on the timely interaction of AAA+ proteins that comprise the apparatus regulating the activity of the initiator of replication.
Continuous infusion of glucagon induces severe hyponatremia and thrombocytopenia in a premature neonate.

We report on a 35-week gestation infant who developed severe hyponatremia and thrombocytopenia after continuous infusion of glucagon for the treatment of intractable hypoglycemia. Given these serious side effects,glucagon infusion should be avoided in the treatment of premature infants.hypoglycemia, glucose, small for gestational age. Hypoglycemia is commonly seen in premature infants, and the provision of a standard glucose intake is often not sufficient to maintain euglycemia. For these infants, an increase in glucose infusion to provide 4 to 8 mg/kg/min is initially recommended.1 Should this approach fail, pharmacologic agents such as corticosteroids or diazoxide are indicated.1 When the serum glucose in premature or small for gestational age infants cannot be adequately maintained, a glucagon infusion is now suggested as the best treatment approach.2,3 We report the use of glucagon infusion for the treatment of severe hypoglycemia in a premature infant. A severe hyponatremia associated with transient convulsions and thrombocytopenia was observed in the neonate after treatment. Discontinuation of the glucagon infusion resulted in prompt resolution of these abnormalities.
Dental caries in a cohort of very young American Indian children.

OBJECTIVES This paper reports the prevalence and severity of caries in a group of 16-month-old American Indian children. METHODS The study is an ongoing longitudinal study of risk factors for caries in children from a Northern Plains Tribal community. Children were examined for caries and risk factor data collected at approximately 1, 4, 8, 12, and 16 months of age. Surface-specific caries data were collected and the presence of precavitated "white spot" lesions was recorded at the subject level. RESULTS The mean age was 15.4 months for the sample of 232 children. Caries prevalence was 31.9 percent, while an additional 29.3 percent had white spot lesions only. Mean dmfs was 1.57, and ranged from 0 to 44 surfaces. Nearly 3 percent of all erupted tooth surfaces were affected and maxillary central incisors had the highest prevalence of caries (22 percent). CONCLUSIONS Among the very youngest children, dental caries prevalence was very high among these American Indian children.
Cyclical Unemployment: Sectoral Shifts or Aggregate Disturbances?

Recent work by David Lilien has argued that the positive correlation between the dispersion of employment growth rates across sectors (σ) and the unemployment rate implies that sectoral shifts in labor demand are responsible for a substantial fraction of cyclical variation in unemployment. This paper demonstrates that, under empirically satisfied conditions, traditional single-factor business-cycle models will produce a positive correlation between σ and the unemployment rate. Information on the job vacancy rate permits one to distinguish between a pure sectoral shift and a pure aggregate demand interpretation of this positive correlation. The finding that σ and the volume of help wanted advertising (a job vacancy proxy) are negatively related supports an aggregate demand interpretation.
Utilizando Testes de Unidade no Ciclo de Desenvolvimento de Software para Processamento e Análise de Imagens

Este artigo tem por objetivo descrever algumas aplicacoes de casos de testes de unidade que foram desenvolvidas no decorrer do ciclo de desenvolvimento de software . Neste trabalho, e apresentada a utilizacao do framework JUnit para a realizacao dos testes de unidade em um software para processamento e analise de imagens, desenvolvido em Java. Finalizando, sao apresentados alguns casos de testes que irao verificar a corretude do software analisado e demonstrar a eficacia dos casos de testes de unidade que foram produzidos.
A Pseudo-Random Encryption Mode

Block ciphers are length-preserving private-key encryption schemes. I.e., the private key of a block-cipher determines a permutation on strings of the length of its input. This permutation is used for encryption while the inverse permutation is used for decryption. Using a length-preserving encryption scheme saves on memory and prevents wasting communication bandwidth. Furthermore, it enables the easy incorporation of the encryption scheme into existing protocols or hardware components. Often, block-ciphers have fixed (and relatively small) input length. This is especially true for hardware implementations. For example, the highly influential Data Encryption Standard (DES) has input length of 64 bits.1 In such a case, the block-cipher is used in some mode of operation that enables the encryption of longer messages. The standard modes of operation (proposed in the context of DES) are ECB, CBC, CFB and OFB. Unfortunately, all these modes reveal information on their inputs or on relations between different inputs. For instance, when using the CBC-mode, the encryptions of two messages with identical prefix will also have an identical prefix. The ECBmode reveals even more information (i.e., equalities between any pair of plain-text blocks). For some applications it is essential to have better security than that of the standard modes of operation. Such security is formalized by the concept of a pseudo-random permutation: Let f be a pseudo-random permutation, then if the encryption of a message M is f(M) then the only information this encryption leaks on M is whether or not M is equal to a previously encrypted message. For further discussion on the usage of pseudo-random permutations for encryption (and on the usage of length-preserving encryption in general) see [3, 5, 9]. This note describes a mode of operation for block-ciphers that achieves a strong notion of security: If the original block-cipher is a pseudo-random permutation then we get a pseudo-random permutation on the entire message (see a more quantitative statement below). The description is extracted from [9] where a framework for constructing and proving the security of pseudorandom permutations is introduced. In such a construction a pseudo-random permutation Π is defined to be the composition of three permutations: Π ≡ h−1 2 ◦A ◦h1. In general, h1 and h −1 2 are “lightweight,” and A is where most of the work is done. Intuitively, there are only a few bad inputs for A and the role of h1 and h −1 2 is to “filter” out these inputs.
Apport de la modélisation ontologique pour le partage des connaissances en psychiatrie

La psychiatrie est une specialite medicale qui vise a fournir un diagnostic et a traiter des troubles mentaux. Malgre des classifications internationalement reconnues, la categorisation des patients selon des criteres diagnostiques reste problematique. Les categories actuelles peinent a prendre en compte l'heterogeneite interindividuelle, les difficultes de delimitations des syndromes et l'influence sur les symptomes de nombreux facteurs dans l'histoire individuelle ou dans l'environnement. La recherche en psychiatrie necessite une amelioration de la description des comportements, des syndromes ou des dysfonctionnements associes aux troubles psychiatriques. A cette fin, nous proposons OntoPsychia, une ontologie pour la psychiatrie, divisee en deux modules : les facteurs sociaux et environnementaux des troubles mentaux, et les troubles mentaux. L'utilisation d'OntoPsychia associee a des outils dedies permettra la prise en compte des facteurs sociaux et environnementaux, la representation de la comorbidite et une proposition de consensus autour des categories descriptives des troubles psychiatriques. Dans un premier temps, nous avons developpe les deux modules ontologiques selon deux methodes differentes. La premiere propose une analyse de comptes rendus d'hospitalisation, tandis que la deuxieme propose un alignement de differentes classifications psychiatriques, pour repondre au besoin de consensus. Dans un deuxieme temps, nous avons developpe un cadre methodologique pour valider la structure et la semantique des ontologies.