Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Polar and ice-edge marine systems

Cold, seasonal and dominated by ice, the two polar regions are similar in many ways. Oceanographically, however, they are very different. The Arctic is a deep basin surrounded almost completely by extensive shallow continental shelves and continental land masses. Large river systems (Chapter 2) discharge significant volumes of fresh water and sediment into the Arctic basin, some of them carrying substantial pollution, and exchange with the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans is highly constrained. In direct contrast, the Antarctic is a single isolated land mass surrounded on all sides by a deep ocean contiguous with the three great ocean basins (Fig. 21.1). Climate change has been identified as the key environmental trend in both polar regions, with the most likely effect in the marine environment being mediated through changes in sea-ice dynamics (Clarke & Harris 2003) (Table 21.1). The polar regions play a critical role in the
SPECIFIC EMITTER IDENTIFICATION BASED ON TRANSIENT ENERGY TRAJECTORY

Speciflc emitter identiflcation (SEI) is the technique which identifles the individual emitter based on the RF flngerprint of signal. Most existing SEI techniques based on the transient RF flngerprint are sensitive to noise and need difierent variables for transient detection and RF flngerprint extraction. This paper proposes a novel SEI technique for the common digital modulation signals, which is robust to Gaussian noise and can avoid the problem that difierent variables are needed for transient detection and RF flngerprint extraction. This makes the technique more practical. The technique works based on the signal's energy trajectory acquired by the fourth order cumulants. A relative smoothness measure detector is used to detect the starting point and endpoint of the transient signal. The polynomial fltting coe-cients of the energy trajectory and transient duration form the RF flngerprint. The principal component analysis (PCA) technique is used to reduce the feature vector's dimension, and a support vector machine (SVM) classifler is used for classiflcation. The signals captured from eight mobile phones are used to test the performance of the technique, and the experimental results demonstrate that it has good performance even at low SNR levels.
Long-Term Influence of Giant Earthquakes: Backward Empirical Evidence and Forward Test

Abstract We investigate the capability of the strongest earthquakes to modify significantly the seismicity in a wide spatiotemporal window. In particular, we show that the strongest earthquakes of last century were probably able to influence the seismicity at large spatiotemporal distances, extending their reach over thousands of kilometers and decades later. We report statistically significant differences in worldwide seismicity before and after the occurrence of the strongest earthquakes of the last century, whose perturbation is modeled by means of coseismic and postseismic stress variations. This long-term coupling has produced time variations in worldwide seismic activity that appear related to the physical coupling between the focal mechanism of source earthquakes and the tectonic setting of each zone. These results could provide new important insights on seismic hazard assessment because they raise doubts on the validity of two paradigms; that is, the steadiness of the mainshock rate and the isolation of a seismic region from the surrounding areas. Finally, in addition to this backward analysis, we also provide a formal forward test by forecasting the effects on global seismicity of the recent Sumatra–Andaman earthquakes; this is maybe a unique chance to test the long-term hypothesis with an independent dataset that avoids, by definition, any kind of (often unconscious) optimization of the results that is an unavoidable possibility in backward analyses.
Osteoarthritis of the knee.

Copyright © 2006 Massachusetts Medical Society. A 66-year-old woman who is overweight reports bilateral knee pain of gradual onset during the past several months that increasingly has limited her activities. Last week, when walking down the stairs, she nearly fell when her knee gave way. She does not recall having injured her knee, and she has no morning stiffness and no pain in other joints. She has tried taking up to eight extra-strength (500 mg each) acetaminophen tablets daily without success and has never had ulcers or stomach bleeding. How should the patient be evaluated and treated?
UTD Mote System ( UTMOST ) : Improving Functionalities in Wireless Sensor Nodes

The UTD mote system (UTMOST) is a low power all purpose platform for wireless sensor nodes (WSN) based on offthe-shelf components. UTMOST offers a number of improved functionalities over previously designed platforms, e.g., energy consumption, wireless reprogramming, processing frequency, an d storage capability. This paper details how hardware components are selected and integrated to enable such improvements. Experimental measurements demonstrate, among other things, a reduction of 37% in sleep current compared to previous platforms. The proposed design enables extended remote programming and lower maintenance, longer lifetime, and the support of more computational intensive applications.
Electron Microscopic Exploration of Human Endothelium in Step‐Serial Sections of Early and Advanced Atherosclerotic Lesions

A transmission electron microscopic study of step-serial sections of numerous human early and advanced atherosclerotic lesions obtained under conditions preventing artificial endothelial loss was undertaken. It was found that (1) no endothelial denudation with platelet aggregation occurred over any early myoproliferative lesions, (2) endothelial denudation with platelet aggregation had developed only over the mostly necrotic caps of some advanced end-stage lesions, and (3) all stages of atherosclerosis showed endothelial changes that indicated increased permeability of the endothelium over plaques for plasma constituents, namely, opened interendothelial junctions and endothelial lipid inclusions. These results suggest that endothelial denudation and platelet aggregation is not an initiating event in human atherogenesis but something that happens late over the disintegrating surface of some end-stage lesions as a prelude to supra-plaque thrombosis--in agreement with our light microscopic findings of 25 years ago that thrombosis in human atherosclerotic arteries is usually triggered by a breakdown of the mostly necrotic caps of advanced plaques.
Analysis of Multihop Relaying Networks: Communication Between Range-Limited and Cooperative Nodes

The focus of this article is on analyzing the impact of the number of hops and the number of transmit and receive antennas, at the relay nodes, on the performance of multihop networks. The vision of future wireless networks includes a greater role for ubiquitous ad hoc networks based on multihop transmissions between machines and general mobile devices carried around by users. With this in mind, the standards are set to include greater capabilities and specifications regarding ad hoc mesh networks, especially ones that employ multiple antennas for transmissions. Therefore, there is a need for an in-depth analysis of the performance of such networks. In this analysis, we consider equidistant distributed relays between the source and destination. The statistics of the channels of all hops and the noise powers at all terminals are assumed to be the same. The capacity for the amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF) relaying schemes over the single-input single-output (SISO) channel is compared. Moreover, we derive a closed-form solution of the ergodic capacity in the presence of Rayleigh fading for multihop wireless transmissions when the DF-relaying scheme and SISO links between the relay nodes are employed. The quality of service (QoS) of the single-input multiple-output (SIMO) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) [Alamouti space-time block code (STBC)-based scheme] multihop networks are studied, and their performance is compared analytically with each other.
Long-term effects of sexual victimization in childhood: an attributional approach.

Recherche sur les effets a long terme du trauma du a des violences sexuelles pendant l'enfance. Cent trois ex-victimes sexuelles (femmes) et un groupe controle ont rempli un questionnaire sur leur presente sexualite, etat social et psychologique. Une batterie de tests (notamment portant sur l'attribution de causalite des evenements de vie) leur a ete administree
Remote myocardium gene expression after 30 and 120 min of ischaemia in the rat

The aim of the present study was to investigate how early the onset of ischaemia‐induced changes in gene expression is in remote myocardium, and whether these changes would be different for left and right ventricles. Wistar rats (n= 27) were randomly assigned to left coronary artery (LCA) ligation for 30 or 120 min and sham groups. Evans Blue infusion revealed antero‐apical left ventricle (LV) and left intraventricular (IV) septal ischaemia (35.5 ± 0.6% of LV mass). LCA ligation induced transient LV systolic dysfunction and sustained biventricular slowing of relaxation. Regarding mRNA levels, type B natriuretic peptide (BNP) was upregulated in the LV at 30 (+370 ± 191%) and 120 min (+221 ± 112%), whilst in the right ventricle (RV) this was only significant at 120 min (+128 ± 39%). Hipoxia‐inducible factor 1α and interleukin 6 overexpression positively correlated with BNP. Inducible NO synthase upregulation was present in both ventricles at 120 min (LV, +327 ± 195%; RV, +311 ± 122%), but only in the RV at 30 min (+256 ± 88%). Insulin‐like growth factor 1 increased in both ventricles at 30 (RV, +59 ± 18%; LV, +567 ± 192%) and 120 min (RV, +69 ± 33%; LV, +120 ± 24%). Prepro‐endothelin‐1 was upregulated in the RV at 120 min (+77 ± 25%). Ca2+‐handling proteins were selectively changed in the LV at 120 min (sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase, 53 ± 7%; phospholamban, +31 ± 4%; Na+–Ca2+ exchanger, 31 ± 6%), while Na+–H+ exchanger was altered only in the RV (−79 ± 5%, 30 min; +155 ± 70%, 120 min). Tumour necrosis factor‐α and angiotensin converting enzyme were not significantly altered. A very rapid modulation of remote myocardium gene expression takes place during myocardial ischaemia, involving not only the LV but also the RV. These changes are different in the two ventricles and in the same direction as those observed in heart failure.
Mother-to-child transmission of HIV among women who chose not to exclusively breastfeed their infants in Pune, India.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE The percentage of HIV cases attributed to mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) has increased several fold in recent years. No reports are available on HIV MTCT rates among HIV-infected choosing not be exclusively breastfeed their infants in India. We examined HIV MTCT rates among 41 Indian women in a prospective cohort who chose predominantly not to exclusively breastfeed. METHODS Of the 41 women, 27 (66%) received MTCT prophylaxis: 3 received short course zidovudine (AZT), 19 single-dose nevirapine (NVP), and 5 both AZT and NVP. Maternal HIV-I RNA levels (viral load) were measured at the time of delivery. Infants were tested for HIV-1 infection by PCR up to 11 times is first year of life and viral load was measured in PCR positive infants. RESULTS All infants received single dose NVP. Thirty two (76%) infants were exclusively formula-fed, 10 (24%) were mixed fed. Four infants were diagnosed with HIV infection for an overall 12- month transmission probability of 8 per cent [95% confidence interval (CI) of 3.2 to 22.1%]. Restricting analysis to 31 women who exclusively formula-fed, only one (3.1%) transmission event occurred. The 41 HIV-infected women gave birth to 42 live-born infants. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION Our data from a small cohort of HIV-infected women suggest that short-course AZT or single dose NVP are effective in reducing MTCT in an Indian setting. Larger studies are needed to assess HIV MTCT rates in India, but in this small study rates were comparable to that observed among women who chose not to exclusively breastfeed in other resource-limited settings.
A two‐step process in the emergence of neurogenesis

Cnidarians belong to the first phylum differentiating a nervous system, thus providing suitable model systems to trace the origins of neurogenesis. Indeed corals, sea anemones, jellyfish and hydra contract, swim and catch their food thanks to sophisticated nervous systems that share with bilaterians common neurophysiological mechanisms. However, cnidarian neuroanatomies are quite diverse, and reconstructing the urcnidarian nervous system is ambiguous. At least a series of characters recognized in all classes appear plesiomorphic: (1) the three cell types that build cnidarian nervous systems (sensory‐motor cells, ganglionic neurons and mechanosensory cells called nematocytes or cnidocytes); (2) an organization of nerve nets and nerve rings [those working as annular central nervous system (CNS)]; (3) a neuronal conduction via neurotransmitters; (4) a larval anterior sensory organ required for metamorphosis; (5) a persisting neurogenesis in adulthood. By contrast, the origin of the larval and adult neural stem cells differs between hydrozoans and other cnidarians; the sensory organs (ocelli, lens‐eyes, statocysts) are present in medusae but absent in anthozoans; the electrical neuroid conduction is restricted to hydrozoans. Evo‐devo approaches might help reconstruct the neurogenic status of the last common cnidarian ancestor. In fact, recent genomic analyses show that if most components of the postsynaptic density predate metazoan origin, the bilaterian neurogenic gene families originated later, in basal metazoans or as eumetazoan novelties. Striking examples are the ParaHox Gsx, Pax, Six, COUP‐TF and Twist‐type regulators, which seemingly exert neurogenic functions in cnidarians, including eye differentiation, and support the view of a two‐step process in the emergence of neurogenesis.
Synthesis of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl alpha-L-fucopyranoside: a substrate for alpha-L-fucosidase (AFU).

An effective method to prepare the substrate of alpha-L-fucosidase (AFU) is described. Ethyl 1-thiofucoside with a free 2-OH group was used as the glycosyl donor, and there was found no self-condensed side product. The use of the HF.pyridine reagent to remove the silyl protecting group in the last step afforded a target molecule of high purity.
A Novel Drain Design for ESD Improvement of UHV-LDMOS

This paper investigates the electrostatic discharge (ESD) failure mechanism in the human body model of circular ultrahigh voltage lateral diffused MOS-type devices. Failure occurs due to the current crowding effect at the N+ junction edge of the drain adjacent to the field oxide. Instead of a large single N+ diffusion, a novel drain design with small multidiffusions is proposed to eliminate the current crowding and to enhance its ESD performance.
Analysis of Facultative Lithotroph Distribution and Diversity on Volcanic Deposits by Use of the Large Subunit of Ribulose 1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase

ABSTRACT A 492- to 495-bp fragment of the gene coding for the large subunit of the form I ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) (rbcL) was amplified by PCR from facultatively lithotrophic aerobic CO-oxidizing bacteria, colorless and purple sulfide-oxidizing microbial mats, and genomic DNA extracts from tephra and ash deposits from Kilauea volcano, for which atmospheric CO and hydrogen have been previously documented as important substrates. PCR products from the mats and volcanic sites were used to construct rbcL clone libraries. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the rbcL sequences from all isolates clustered with form IC rbcL sequences derived from facultative lithotrophs. In contrast, the microbial mat clone sequences clustered with sequences from obligate lithotrophs representative of form IA rbcL. Clone sequences from volcanic sites fell within the form IC clade, suggesting that these sites were dominated by facultative lithotrophs, an observation consistent with biogeochemical patterns at the sites. Based on phylogenetic and statistical analyses, clone libraries differed significantly among volcanic sites, indicating that they support distinct lithotrophic assemblages. Although some of the clone sequences were similar to known rbcL sequences, most were novel. Based on nucleotide diversity and average pairwise difference, a forested site and an 1894 lava flow were found to support the most diverse and least diverse lithotrophic populations, respectively. These indices of diversity were not correlated with rates of atmospheric CO and hydrogen uptake but were correlated with estimates of respiration and microbial biomass.
Guest Editorial: Special Section on Asset Management in Smart Grid

Electric power system and its components, most of which developed based on the rising electricity demand during economic growth periods of 1970s and 1980s, have aged and some are not being replaced quickly. In addition, the integration of variable sources of energy has changed the way assets are being managed for optimal operation. Aging assets and uncertainty in power system load profile and demand management create a challenge for the optimal operation and maintenance of the electricity grid. This special section aims at addressing the challenges and opportunities in deployment of smart grid technologies such as wireless sensors for condition monitoring and intelligent electronic devices to improve transmission and distribution asset maintenance and repair strategies, asset management in microgrids for enhancing power system sustainability, reliability, and efficiency, and further bring together the state-of-the-art technologies and best practices in asset management in the smart grid era. Through a careful peer review process, 14 papers representing diverse topics on asset management and aging infrastructure are included in this special section. Based on the various aspects of contributions, these papers are categorized into five groups.
Associations of T→A Mutation in the Promoter Region of Myostatin Gene with Birth Weight in Yorkshire Pigs**

A T→A mutation in the promoter region of porcine myostatin (MSTN) gene has been identified in our previous work. This study analyzed the associations of the myostatin genotypes (TT, TA) caused by this mutation with birth weigh in Yorkshire pigs. Data from 211 unrelated individuals were collected three times from one breeding farm. Detections of the mutation were carried out by PCR-RFLPs approach. The effects of MSTN genotypes (TT and TA) on birth weight were compared by least square means. The results showed that for birth weight of Yorkshire pigs, individuals with TA genotype were significantly higher than those with TT genotype (p<0.05), and the birth weight for pigs with TA genotype were 1.37 kg in average but only 1.25 kg for pigs with TT genotype, indicating a positive effect of birth weight for A allele. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2002. Vol 15, No. 11 : 1543-1545)
Monitoring voltage disturbances based on LES algorithm, wavelet transform and Kalman filter

This paper presents a new approach to detect and measure voltage disturbances based on the compound operation of wavelet transform (WT), least error squares (LES) algorithm and Kalman filter. The function of WT is to detect occurrence and duration of disturbances. The estimation of the phasors of the three-phase voltages is performed through the application of a LES algorithm. The Kalman filter works in conjunction with the LES output as a flicker meter. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated through extensive numerical simulations, simulations in MATLAB/Simulink and real-time implementation. Selected results presented in the paper confirm the accuracy and correct performance of the proposed method.
βIII Spectrin Binds to the Arp1 Subunit of Dynactin*

Cytoplasmic dynein is an intracellular motor responsible for endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi vesicle trafficking and retrograde axonal transport. The accessory protein dynactin has been proposed to mediate the association of dynein with vesicular cargo. Dynactin contains a 37-nm filament made up of the actin-related protein, Arp1, which may interact with a vesicle-associated spectrin network. Here, we demonstrate that Arp1 binds directly to the Golgi-associated βIII spectrin isoform. We identify two Arp1-binding sites in βIII spectrin, one of which overlaps with the actin-binding site conserved among spectrins. Although conventional actin binds weakly to βIII spectrin, Arp1 binds robustly in the presence of excess F-actin. Dynein, dynactin, and βIII spectrin co-purify on vesicles isolated from rat brain, and βIII spectrin co-immunoprecipitates with dynactin from rat brain cytosol. In interphase cells, βIII spectrin and dynactin both localize to cytoplasmic vesicles, co-localizing most significantly in the perinuclear region of the cell. In dividing cells, βIII spectrin and dynactin co-localize to the developing cleavage furrow and mitotic spindle, a novel localization for βIII spectrin. We hypothesize that the interaction between βIII spectrin and Arp1 recruits dynein and dynactin to intracellular membranes and provides a direct link between the microtubule motor complex and its membrane-bounded cargo.
Atomistic simulation of the melting behavior of the Au-Ag nanoparticles with core-shell structure

Melting of the Au-Ag nanoparticle with core-shell structure was investigated by molecular dynamic simulation. Structural behavior of the nanoparticle was investigated in the range of temperature from 300 to 1300K. To detect the melting point Lindemann index was calculated during the simulation in the whole temperature range. It is shown that the melting of the Au-Ag nanoparticle under consideration occurs at the temperature of about 900 K. To detect the structural changes the radial distribution function was computed before and after melting. It is shown that the core-shell structure of the nanoparticle is not preserved due to the increased diffusion.
Cooperative control of VAV air-conditioning systems

A dynamic model for a heating ventilating air-conditioning (HVAC) system is developed. Assuming the power of air supply fan is fixed, the air pressure in different rooms and air transmission ducts can be controlled by adjusting variable air volume (VAV) box and its terminals and air diffusers. Since the inlet air pressures in different rooms are interactive, traditional VAV controller, which is to control the dampers individually, will unavoidably generate a large overshoot. In this paper, we consider a novel VAV control strategy which is to control the air diffusers and VAV dampers in a cooperative way. This consensus-based approach can lead to a smoother air pressure change comparing with the traditional approaches. The simulation validates the effectiveness of the new control strategy.