Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CONTINUOUS BLOOD GLUCOSE MONITORING: A BAYES-HIDDEN MARKOV APPROACH

Real-time monitoring of blood glucose density is essential for managing diabetes. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems have been developed to help address this need. Many CGM systems are built around an electrochemi- cal biosensor that may be inserted into the subcutaneous tissue of an individual and allows for nearly continuous monitoring of an electrical current generated by glucose molecules near the sensor site. This electrical current is correlated with blood glucose density and, in principle, provides a means for real-time monitoring of blood glucose density. One of the major challenges in CGM is developing algo- rithms for converting sensor measurements into accurate estimates of blood glucose density in real time. In this paper, we describe fundamental statistical problems that arise in developing CGM algorithms. We propose statistical algorithms based on Kalman filtering, nonparametric empirical Bayes methods, and ideas from se- quential change-point detection, and apply them to a very rich CGM dataset. The performance of our methods compares favorably to that of an existing widely used CGM algorithm. A simulation study sheds light on other interesting and important aspects of the problem. More broadly, this paper highlights an important appli- cation that has received little attention in the statistics literature and our results suggest that the appropriate application of statistical methodology may lead to significant contributions in diabetes technology research.
A Distributed Method for Fast Force-Directed Layout of Large Scale-free Network Graphs

vii List of Abbreviations Used . viii Acknowledgements . ix Chapter
Chronic increase in sugar consumption and visual attention in Wistar rats

High sugar consumption is known to elevate the risk of obesity and related metabolic disturbances, but far less is known about its effects on cognition, learned behavior and mental health. Experimental findings in rodents indicate that increased sugar intake can induce cognitive impairment, most consistently in regard to memory functions. Studies examining the effects of an increase in dietary sugars on attention are lacking. The present study investigated the effects on visual attention of chronic high intake of sucrose and glucose in Wistar rats. Two groups of Wistar dams and their offspring were fed either a diet high in sugar, containing a high percentage of sucrose and glucose, or a standard sucrose/glucose diet. Attention was examined using a 3-choice-serial-reactiontime task. The present results demonstrated detrimental effects of high pre- and postnatal sugar consumption on visual attention in rats. The previously demonstrated memory impairments following increased sugar consumption may be mediated, at least partly, by attentional deficits. Future studies should investigate the translational relevance of these findings in humans, particularly in regard to mental disorders such as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Emerging evidence suggests that the mechanisms underlying the behavioral impairments related to diets high in sugar and/or fat may include neuroinflammation, changes of the blood–brain barrier and altered levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The elucidation of these mechanisms requires further investigations.
Lightweight and Seamless Distributed Scheme for the Smart Home

Security of the smart home in terms of behavior activity pattern recognition is a totally dissimilar and unique issue as compared to the security issues of other scenarios. Sensor devices (low capacity and high capacity) interact and negotiate each other by detecting the daily behavior activity of individuals to execute common tasks. Once a device (e.g., surveillance camera, smart phone and light detection sensor etc.) is compromised, an adversary can then get access to a specific device and can damage daily behavior activity by altering the data and commands. In this scenario, a group of common instruction processes may get involved to generate deadlock. Therefore, an effective suitable security solution is required for smart home architecture. This paper proposes seamless distributed Scheme which fortifies low computational wireless devices for secure communication. Proposed scheme is based on lightweight key-session process to upheld cryptic-link for trajectory by recognizing of individual’s behavior activities pattern. Every device and service provider unit (low capacity sensors (LCS) and high capacity sensors (HCS)) uses an authentication token and originates a secure trajectory connection in network. Analysis of experiments is revealed that proposed scheme strengthens the devices against device seizure attack by recognizing daily behavior activities, minimum utilization memory space of LCS and avoids network from deadlock. Additionally, the results of a comparison with other schemes indicate that scheme manages efficiency in term of computation and communication. Keywords—Authentication, key-session, security, wireless sensors.
Epitaxial growth of sexithiophene on mica surfaces

Clemens Simbrunner,1,* Gerardo Hernandez-Sosa,1 Martin Oehzelt,2 Tatjana Djuric,3 Ingo Salzmann,4 Martin Brinkmann,5 Gunther Schwabegger,1 Irene Watzinger,1 Helmut Sitter,1 and Roland Resel3 1Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstrasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria 2Institute of Experimental Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstrasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria 3Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria 4Institut fur Physik, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strase 6, D-12489 Berlin, Germany 5Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS Universite de Strasbourg, 23 rue du loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France (Received 1 December 2010; revised manuscript received 9 February 2011; published 24 March 2011)
RESEARCH OF REGISTRATION APPROACHES OF THERMAL INFRARED IMAGES AND INTENSITY IMAGES OF POINT CLOUD

Abstract. In order to realize the analysis of thermal energy of the objects in 3D vision, the registration approach of thermal infrared images and TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanner) point cloud was studied. The original data was pre-processed. For the sake of making the scale and brightness contrast of the two kinds of data meet the needs of basic matching, the intensity image of point cloud was produced and projected to spherical coordinate system, histogram equalization processing was done for thermal infrared image.This paper focused on the research of registration approaches of thermal infrared images and intensity images of point cloud based on SIFT，EOH-SIFT and PIIFD operators. The latter of which is usually used for medical image matching with different spectral character. The comparison results of the experiments showed that PIIFD operator got much more accurate feature point correspondences compared to SIFT and EOH-SIFT operators. The thermal infrared image and intensity image also have ideal overlap results by quadratic polynomial transformation. Therefore, PIIFD can be used as the basic operator for the registration of thermal infrared images and intensity images, and the operator can also be further improved by incorporating the iteration method.
The Changing Availability of TV White Space in the UK

The UK regulator Ofcom has held a Pilot of TV white space (TVWS) technology in the UK. Based on the results of this Pilot, Ofcom has varied its calculations of allowed white space device EIRPs. Further, WRC 2015 has assigned 694-790 MHz to mobile broadband on a co-primary basis, in ITU Region 1 (which includes the UK/EU). We provide fundamental observations on the effects of these changes on TVWS availability in the UK.
Ligand-Specific Charge Localization in the MLCT Excited-State of Ru(bpy)2(Dpphen)2+ Monitored by Time-Resolved Resonance Raman-Spectroscopy

Time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy has been employed to examine the location of the promoted electron in the metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excited state of Ru(bpy)_2(dpphen)^(2+) (bpy) = 2,2'-bipyridine; dpphen = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline). Variations in the environment about Ru(bpy)_2(dpphen)^(2+) shift the localization of charge in the MLCT excited state from bpy in neutral micelles (Brij 35) to dpphen in the presence of DNA and anionic surfactants (C_(12)H_(25)OSO_3Na, C_(10)H_(23)OSO_3Na, and C_8H_(21)OSO_3Na), whereas in water the electron is localized on both ligands. The shifts in the electronic absorption spectrum and the dependence of the ground-state resonance Raman (rR) signal with excitation wavelengths coincident with the high- and low-energy sides of the MLCT absorption band are consistent with a lowering of the energy of the Ru(II)-dpphen transition with respect to that of bpy in anionic micelles.
Survey Paper on Load Rebalancing for Distributed File Systems in Clouds

Distributed file systems (DFS) are key building blocks for cloud computing applications based on the MapReduce programming paradigm. In Distributed file systems (DFS), nodes simultaneously serve computing and storage functions; a file is partitioned into a number of chunks and allocated in distinct nodes so MapReduce tasks can be performed in parallel over the nodes. And in a cloud failure is the norms/files, and nodes/files may be upgraded, replaced, added in the system. Files can also be dynamically created, deleted, and updated/appended. However, this results in load imbalance in a distributed file system (DFS); that is; the file chunks are not distributed as uniformly as possible among the nodes/files. Emerging distributed file systems in production systems strongly depend on the central node for chunk reallocation/migration. And this dependence is clearly inadequate in a large-scale, failure-prone environment because of the central load balancer is put under considerable workload that is linearly scaled with the system size. This may thus become the performance bottleneck and the single point of failure in DFS. In this paper, a fully distributed load rebalancing algorithm is used to present to cope with the load imbalance problem. Our algorithm is compared against a centralized approach in a production system and a competing distributed solution presented in the literature (related work). The simulation results indicate that our proposal system is comparable with the existing centralized approach to and considerably outperforms the prior distributed algorithm in terms of load imbalance factor, movement cost, and algorithmic overhead.
Teaching Research Ethics on Clinical Trials to Multidisciplinary and International Trainees in Global Infectious Disease Research

The term global health is used to stress health issues that transcend national borders, class, race, ethnicity, income, and culture. Such global health issues result in the need for development of drugs and vaccines, which in turn demand ethical recruitment and informed participation of sufficient numbers of participants for clinical trials [1]. The number of clinical trials continues to rise as evidenced by their registration at repositories [2,3].
Symposium: Food Fortification in Developing Countries Iron Fortification Technology Development: New Approaches

The objective of our fortification technology development has been to deliver meaningful levels of bioavailable iron via commonly consumed foods and beverageswithout compromising taste, appearance, and stability. However, fortification of foods is accompanied with unsolved problems such as unacceptable taste, color, stability, and bioavailability. To solve these problems, we developed a fortification technology that prevents the iron-mediated undesirable taste and appearance of the final product while preserving stability andbioavailability. Ironwas stabilized by applying principles of colloid chemistry (encapsulation), chelation, and electrochemical chemistry (redox modulation). Results from color and sensory evaluations showed that formulation of products using the new fortification technology known as ‘‘GrowthPlus’’ eliminated detrimental effects on taste, appearance, and product stability. Bioavailability evaluation using animal models and human subjects showed the GrowthPlus technology does not interfere with the bioavailability of iron from either ferrous bis-glycinate or ferrous fumarate. Multiple intervention trials showed that repeated consumption of the redox stabilized iron in the form of a powdered fruit beverage increased iron status indicators (hemoglobin and ferritin) and reduced iron deficiency anemia significantly in school children, adolescent girls, and pregnant women. J. Nutr. 136: 1059–1063, 2006.
"Just get on with it." Linking data systems to report on infant mortality and the First Nations population in Manitoba (Canada)

The routine reporting of actionable statistics to improve system performance and prevent premature mortality has been promoted for decades. A key statistic produced nationally and globally is infant mortality. State governments define, collect and report vital events. In Canada, vital statistics is a provincial responsibility. The provinces, however, do not uniformly collect vital events for First Nations who are under Federal fiduciary responsibility or uniformly maintain a registration group field for disaggregation purposes. In 2008, Canada's Public Health Agency conceded that a lack of a First Nations identifier has obscured any understanding of First Nations perinatal health. Given these drivers of variability and the complex multi-jurisdictional vital statistics environments in which they occur, this paper demonstrates, using data linkage methods, a way to improve the estimation of infant mortality for the First Nations population in Manitoba, Canada. The method improved estimation, and demonstrated a persistent gap in infant mortality.
Migrants at School: Educational Inequality and Social Interaction in the UK and Germany

We test potential social costs of educational inequality by analysing the influence of spatial and social segregation on educational achievements. In particular, based on recent PISA data sets from the UK and Germany, we investigate whether good neighbourhoods with a relatively high stock of social capital lead to larger 'social multipliers' than neighbourhoods with low social capital. Estimated 'social multipliers' are higher for the German early tracking schooling system than for comprehensive schools in the UK. After aggregating data and employing the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, the results suggest that the educational gap between natives and migrants is mainly due to the 'endowment effect' provided by the socioeconomic background of parents and cultural capital at home. Some adverse 'integration effects' do exist for female migrants in Germany who lose ground on other groups.
Gender, family and career in the era of boundarylessness: determinants and effects of intra- and inter-organizational mobility

Changes in patterns of long-term employment make understanding the determinants of different career forms increasingly important to careers research. At the same time, the rise of dual-earner families demands greater attention to the ways in which gender and family characteristics shape careers than has been paid by traditional research. This paper addresses these issues, examining the determinants and consequences of intra-organizational and inter-organizational mobility, using a sample of employees from dual-earner couples. We find significant gender differences in these different types of career mobility, and in the effect of family relations on different forms of mobility. Women experience more inter-organizational mobility, while men experience more intraorganizational mobility. Having more children positively influences men's intra-organizational mobility, but increases inter-organizational mobility for women. Marital instability increases intra-organizational mobility among women, but has no effect among men. Each form of mobility has distinctive effects on objective and subjective indicators of career success for both men and women. Moving between organizations tends to depress earnings, but has no effect on how successful people feel in their careers. Job changes within an organization increase earnings, but have a negative effect on perceived success.
Domestic laundering: Environmental audit in Glasgow with emphasis on passive indoor drying and air quality

As the UK and Scottish governments aim for zero-carbon housing, with tightly sealed building envelopes becoming paramount, indoor air quality (IAQ) and its implications for health has become a concern. This context relates to a 2008–2011 study, ‘Environmental Assessment of Domestic Laundering’, concerning the prevalence of passive indoor drying (PID). Assessment of PID impacts, shaped by built and social context including occupants’ habits and trends, draws on monitored data from 22 case studies out of a wider survey of 100 dwellings in Glasgow. The smaller group included analysis of air samples and provided scenarios for enhanced dynamic modelling via laboratory work on moisture buffering. The evidence suggests PID has important implications for energy consumption and IAQ; in the latter case because moisture levels are likely to boost dust mite populations and concentrations of airborne mould spores. Thus, findings indicate possible negative impacts on health, and the paper recommends amended standards allied to design guidance for improved practice, as well as further work related to volatile organic compounds.
Evaluating the Effect of Graphite Source and Operating Conditions on the Synthesis of Graphene Oxide

In this research graphene oxide was synthesized by two methods. These methods were achieved by changing the improved Hummers’ and modified Hummers’ methods. Structure of graphene oxide was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. According to SEM image, the thickness of graphene oxide sheets prepared by improved Hummers’ method is about 66 nm. In improved Hummers’ method excluding NaNO3 from reacting gel and performing reaction in a 9:1 volume ratio of concentrated H2SO4/H3PO4 mixture improved the oxidation process by elimination of toxic gases, finally the prepared GO contains well-oxidized carbon materials. XRD results implied more oxidation for synthesized GO by improved Hummers’ based method. Importance of graphite source was shown in synthesis of pure GO. Two sources of graphite supplied by Daejung and Fluka Companies were used to synthesis GO in improved Hummers’ method. According to SEM images and XRD patterns, the graphite source prepared by Fluka Co. was more efficient towards production of pure GO than other graphite source. The results also indicated that temperature and mixing condition are two important factors for synthesis of GO.
Current fluctuations for anharmonic chains in thermal equilibrium

We study the total current correlations for anharmonic chains in thermal equilibrium, putting forward predictions based on the second moment sum rule and on nonlinear fluctuating hydrodynamics. We compare with molecular dynamics simulations for hard collision models. For the first time we investigate the full statistics of time-integrated currents. Generically such a quantity has Gaussian statistics on a scale . But if the time integration has its endpoint at a moving sound peak, then the fluctuations are suppressed and only of order t1/3. The statistics is governed by the Baik–Rains distribution, known already from the fluctuating Burgers equation.
Long Memory and the Relation between Implied and Realized Volatility

We argue that the predictive regression between implied volatility (regressor) and realized volatility over the remaining life of a European option (regressand) is likely to be a fractional cointegrating relation. Because cointegration is associated with long-run comovements, this classical regression cannot be used to test for option market efficiency and short-term unbiasedness of implied volatility as a predictor of realized volatility. Using narrow-band spectral methods, we provide consistent estimates of the long-run relation between implied and realized volatility even when implied volatility is measured with error and/or volatility is priced but the volatility risk premium is unobservable. Although little can be said about short-term unbiasedness, our results largely support a notion of long-run unbiasedness of implied volatility as a predictor of realized volatility. Copyright 2006, Oxford University Press.
Aerosol Evolution from a Busy Road in North-West England

Motor vehicle emissions are the most significant source of particulate matter (PM) in urban environments. This study was undertaken to observe the evolution of aerosols downwind from a busy road, concentrating specifically on the aerosol total number maximum and number size distribution. A Grimm Aerosol Technik (5.400) CPC and DMA 5.5-900 classifier were used to measure ultra-fine particles from 9.8 nm to 1.1 μm at varying distances up to 100 m from the road side. Contrary to current accepted aerosol theory particle number concentration was seen to rise with increasing horizontal distance from the road side up to a maximum distance of about 100 m. As this occurred the number of fine particles was seen to increase as numbers of larger particles declined. These findings are discussed in light of existing aerosol literature on aerosol formation and dispersion.
Overwintering seeds as reservoirs for seedling pathogens of wetland plant species

Seed germination and seedling establishment are central to the distribution and abundance of plant species in wetlands. While fungal and oomycete pathogens are known to affect seed viability and emergence, relatively little is known about which fungi and oomycetes are associated with seeds in the soil or how these species affect seeds and seedlings. We characterized the fungi and oomycetes associated with overwintering seeds in wetlands and determined their potential to influence seed germination and subsequent seedling mortality. Fungi and oomycetes did not affect seed germination, despite the isolation of high frequencies of known seed and seedling pathogens in the fungal genera Alternaria, Peyronellaea, Epicoccum, and Fusarium. However, many of the most frequently isolated fungal species from overwintering seeds were highly virulent to seedlings. While both native and nonnative plant species were tested, we did not observe consistent differences in either seed germination or seedling susceptibility based on the invasive status of plants tested, contrary to what we expected given several established hypotheses for invasive success. The high seedling virulence of fungi from overwintering seeds coupled with the differential abundance of some of the more pathogenic fungi among seeds of different plant species, led us to the conclusion that the fungal pathogens that colonize seeds in the seed bank over winter are likely to strongly impact subsequent seedling establishment in wetlands the following spring despite not reducing overwintering seed germination in the seed bank or differently effecting invasive plant species.