Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Survey on Marker-Based Tracking Systems in Augmented Reality and Design of Multi-Layer Marker Model

Anahtar Kelimeler Arttırılmış Gerçeklik, Sanal Gerçeklik, Bilgisayar Grafikleri, Bilgisayarlı Görü, İşaretçi Tabanlı Takip Sistemleri, Çok Katmanlı İşaretçi Modeli Özet: Arttırılmış gerçeklik, bilgisayarlı görü teknikleri kullanılarak, bilgisayar ortamında oluşturulan sanal içeriklerin, gerçek dünya üzerinde gerçek zamanlı olarak görüntülenebilmesine olanak sağlayan bir teknolojidir. Takip yöntemleri arttırılmış gerçeklik uygulamalarında önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında, arttırılmış gerçeklikte işaretçi tabanlı takip sistemleri üzerine bir literatür çalışması yapılmakta ve tasarlanan çok katmanlı işaretçi modeli tanıtılmaktadır. Çok katmanlı işaretçi modeli, gerçek dünya üzerine düşürülen sanal içeriklerin detaylarının yakından görülmesini ve işaretçiden uzaklaşıldığında oluşan görüntü kaybının önüne geçilmesini sağlamaktadır. Her bir katmanda bulunan işaretçi için görüntülemenin yapılabildiği takip mesafelerine çalışmada yer verilmektedir. İç katman kısa mesafeler için, dış katman uzak mesafeler için başarılı sonuçlar vermektedir.
Towards a Model to Compare and Analyze Accountability Standards: The Case of the UN Global Compact

Although accountability standards (e.g. the Global Reporting Initiative and SA 8000) have made their way on to the agendas of managers and researchers, a model to compare and analyze these tools in a systematic way is a conspicuous omission. This paper aims to develop such a model. First, we briefly introduce the nature of accountability standards and explore commonalities and differences between them. Second, we present a model to compare and analyze these initiatives. This model allows interested parties to discuss accountability standards based on an analysis of the content of their underlying norms, the implementation processes they suggest, and their context of application. Third, we apply the model to the UN Global Compact. Finally, we show how this initiative differs from other standards and also discuss its strengths and weaknesses according to the outlined model.
P o S ( I S C C 2 0 1 5 ) 0 2 5 A Road Network Construction Method Based on Clustering Algorithm

Based on clustering algorithm, a road network construction method is presented to solve the existing problems underlying the road network structure, such as low efficiency, high input, slow update, and so on. In this paper, the clustering algorithm is designed to detect the crossings of the road from the turning point of the vehicle by using the taxi GPS trajectory data. These corssings are connected with the line to form a road network topology. Results show that the proposed method can detect most locations of the road crossings, and is a kind of relatively reasonable extraction method for the road network construction.
COMPARISON OF PHASES FORMATION PROCESS IN INITIAL AND MECHANICALLY ACTIVATED BATCHES WITH PYROCHLORE FORMULATIONS

Formation of two pyrochlore ceramics with formulations CaZr0.25U0. 75Ti2O7 and CaUTi2O7 within the temperature range 1000-1500 C from batches prepared by grinding of oxide powders in a mortar and an activator with hydrostatic yokes AGO-2U as well as soaking of a Ca, Zr, and Ti oxide mixture with uranylnitrate solution was studied. The pyrochlore ceramics are produced through intermediate calcium uranate formation. Phase formation reactions in the batch pre-treated in the AGO-2U unit were completed within the temperature range 1000-1100 C that is lower than in the batches prepared by two other methods.
Characteristics of elastic wave propagation in thick beams - when guided waves prevail?

Characteristics of wave propagation in thick beams are analyzed using a three-dimensional (3-D) spectral element method (SEM) for the purpose of damage detection. Analysis of wave propagation in beams of different thickness under excitations with different central frequency reveals that when the thickness of the beam is comparable to the wavelength of the elastic wave, a local wave mode, besides quasi-symmetric and quasi-anti-symmetric modes, exist simultaneously in the beam. In particular, when the wavelength is more than two times the beam thickness, the local wave modes are suppressed and the wave modes in the beam can be regarded as traditional guided waves, i.e., Lamb waves. It is demonstrated that the central frequency of wave signals can be selected according to the dimensions of the beam to obtain simple wave modes like those in thin beams. The characteristics of wave propagation in an intact beam and beams with a lateral crack are analyzed and the results are also validated by experiments, where wave propagation signals in thick steel beams are activated and captured using PZT elements.
Bootstrapping pronunciation models

Bootstrapping techniques can accelerate the development of language technology for resource-scarce languages. We define a framework for the analysis of a general bootstrapping process whereby a model is improved through a controlled series of increments, at each stage using the previous model to generate the next. We apply this framework to the task of creating pronunciation models for resource-scarce languages, iteratively combining machine learning and human knowledge in a way that minimizes the human intervention required during this process. We analyse the effectiveness of such an approach when developing a mediumsized (5000–10 000 word) pronunciation lexicon. We develop such an electronic pronunciation lexicon in Afrikaans, one of South Africa’s official languages, and provide initial results obtained for similar lexicons developed in Zulu and Sepedi, two other South African languages. We derive a mathematical model that can be used to predict the amount of time required for the development of a pronunciation lexicon of a given size, demonstrate the various tools that can accelerate the bootstrapping process, and evaluate the efficiency of these tools in practice.
RESONANT SWITCH MODEL OF HF QPOS AND EQUATIONS OF STATE OF NEUTRON STARS AND QUARK STARS

The mass and spin estimates of the 4U 1636−53 neutron star obtained by the Resonant Switch (RS) model of high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (HF QPOs) are tested by a large variety of equations of state (EoS) governing the structure of neutron stars. Neutron star models are constructed under the Hartle–Thorne theory of slowly rotating neutron stars calculated using the observationally given rotational frequency f rot = 580 Hz (or alternatively f rot = 290 Hz) of the neutron star at 4U 1636−53. It is demonstrated that only two variants of the RS model are compatible with the parameters obtained by modelling neutron stars for the rotational frequency f rot = 580 Hz. The variant giving the best fit with parameters M ~ 2.20M ʘ and a ~ 0.27 agrees with high precision with the prediction of one of the Skyrme EoS [1]. The variant giving the second best fit with parameters M ~ 2.12M ʘ and a ~ 0.20 agrees with lower precision with the prediction of the Gandolfi EoS [2].
Open Access book publisher

Chitosan is a polysaccharide derived from chitin; chitin is the second most abundant pol‐ ysaccharide in the world, after cellulose. Chitosan is biocompatible, biodegradable and non-toxic, so that it can be usedin medicalapplications such as antimicrobial and wound healing biomaterials. It also used as chelating agent due to its ability to bind with choles‐ terol, fats, proteins and metal ions. Chitosan is difficult to electrospun into a fibrous structure because it has a polycationic character in an acidic aqueous solution due to the many amino groups in its backbone. Fibrous structures were successfully formed by electrospinning chitosan solutions in 90 wt. % aqueous acetic acid solution or trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) or TFA/dichloromethane (DCM) in the presence of poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) or Poly ethylene oxide(PEO). Chitosan nanofibers are biocompatible and biodegradable, so they can used as hemostatic and wound healing materials.
Chapter 2 Proteomic screen identifies IGFBP 7 as a novel component of endothelial cell-specific Weibel-Palade bodies

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Gravitational lensing in WDM cosmologies: the cross-section for giant arcs

The nature of the dark sector of the Universe remains one of the outstanding problems in modern cosmology, with the search for new observational probes guiding the development of the next generation of observational facilities. Clues come from tension between the predictions from CDM and observations of gravitationally lensed galaxies. Previous studies showed that galaxy clusters in the CDM are not strong enough to reproduce the observed number of lensed arcs. This work aims to constrain the warm dark matter cosmologies by means of the lensing efficiency of galaxy clusters drawn from these alternative models. The lensing characteristics of two samples of simulated clusters in the warm dark matter ( WDM) and cold dark matter ( CDM) cosmologies have been studied. The results show that even though the CDM clusters are more centrally concentrated and contain more substructures, the WDM clusters have slightly higher lensing efficiency than their CDM counterparts. The key difference is that WDM clusters have more extended and more massive subhaloes than CDM analogues. These massive substructures significantly stretch the critical lines and caustics and hence they boost the lensing efficiency of the host halo. Despite the increase in the lensing efficiency due to the contribution of massive substructures in the WDM clusters, this is not enough to resolve the arc statistics problem.
Genetic divergence among seabuckthorn (Hippophae sps. (L)) using molecular marker based analysis with respect to seed protein and anti-oxidant properties.

| The genetic diversity among thirty six genotypes of Hippophae Salicifolia D. Don of Uttarakhand region and Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. Turkestanica of Laddakh region was studied; using simple sequence repeats DNA (SSRs)-PCR analysis. The protein profiling and antioxidant profiling (quantitative and qualitative) of seeds was also done to select the superior genotypes having high economic importance. A total of seven simple sequences repeat primers used for detecting genetic variability in Sea buck thorn seeds out of which Seven SSR primers were highly reproducible and found suitable for use in PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) analysis. SSRs profile obtained by primer UTR-15 was containing total of 8 bands (0.150.6 kb), among these eight bands, one was found to be polymorphic (12.5%). The similarity coefficients based on SSR markers ranged from 0.011 to 0.999 with an average value of 0.226. The polymorphism information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.1686 (UTR-015) to 0.2975 (UTR-12) with a mean of 0.351. A dendrogram constructed based on the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) clustering method revealed two major clusters of Uttarakhand (with subclusters) and Laddakh region (no subclusters). The analysis of total seed storage protein (quantitative) and protein profiling (qualitative) among the genotypes was performed to indentify novel proteins of important functional attributes. Sodium dodecayl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) based generated profiles of seed proteins showed major differences in banding patterns among these genotypes with respect to altitude besides differences in seed protein contents. The phenol contents of the H. salicifolia (Particularly Genotype ST 10) was found significantly higher (P<0.05) than H. rhamnoides (Genotype DIHAR-6). The flavonoid content of the DIHAR-14 was higher as compared to ST-1. Total scavenging antioxidant was quite high and equally good in all the genotypes. This study helps in the selection of superior genotypes having higher nutraceutical value by using developed molecular and protein based markers in Uttarakhand and Laddakh regions.
Interrelationship among Capital Structure, Corporate Governance Measures and Firm Value: Panel Study from Pakistan

The aim of the study is to test most discussed relationship between capital structure and firm value. This research also investigated the impact of corporate governance measures on firm value and impact of capital structure on corporate governance measures. The study used the 775 firm year observations of 155 non-financial companies listed at Karachi Stock Exchange for financial years containing 2008 to 2012. Keeping in view the nature of data (balanced panel), fixed effects regression method is employed to estimate the formulated relationships. For first relationship of interest (impact of capital structure on firm value) the study found significant positive impact, but in case of corporate governance, only board independence and ownership concentration measures are found affecting firm value significant with positive sign. For third relationship i.e., impact of leverage on governance measures, this study found no significant affects.
Multi-mode surface waveform tomography of the Pacific Ocean: A closer look at lithospheric cooling

We present a regional surface waveform tomography of the Pacific upper mantle, obtained using an automated multimode surface waveform inversion technique on fundamental and higher mode Rayleigh waves, to constrain the VSV structure down to ∼400 km depth. We have improved on previous implementations of this technique by robustly accounting for the effects of uncertainties in earthquake source parameters in the tomographic inversion. We have furthermore improved path coverage in the South Pacific region by including Rayleigh wave observations from the French Polynesian Pacific Lithosphere and Upper Mantle Experiment deployment. This improvement has led to imaging of vertical low-velocity structures associated with hotspots within the South Pacific Super-Swell region. We have produced an age-dependent averagecross-sectionforthePacificOceanlithosphereandfoundthattheincreaseinVSV with age is broadly compatible with a half-space cooling model of oceanic lithosphere formation. We cannot confirm evidence for a Pacific-wide reheating event. Our synthetic tests show that detailed interpretation of average VSV trends across the Pacific Ocean may be misleading unless lateral resolution and amplitude recovery are uniform across the region, a condition that is difficult to achieve in such a large oceanic basin with current seismic stations.
Indoor Building Reconstruction from Occluded Point Clouds Using Graph-Cut and Ray-Tracing

Despite the increasing demand of updated and detailed indoor models, indoor reconstruction from point clouds is still in an early stage in comparison with the reconstruction of outdoor scenes. Specific challenges are related to the complex building layouts and the high presence of elements such as pieces of furniture causing clutter and occlusions. This work proposes an automatic method for modelling Manhattan-World indoors acquired with a mobile laser scanner in the presence of highly occluded walls. The core of the methodology is the transformation of indoor reconstruction into a labelling problem of structural cells in a 2D floor plan. Assuming the prevalence of orthogonal intersections between walls, indoor completion is formulated as an energy minimization problem using graph cuts. Doors and windows are detected from occlusions by implementing a ray-tracing algorithm. The methodology is tested in a real case study. Except for one window partially covered by a curtain, all building elements were successfully reconstructed.
Sizing optimization of piezoelectric smart structures with meta-modeling techniques for dynamic applications

This article shows an efficient method with a high industrial applicability to design piezoelectric smart structures for dynamic applications. This method allows sizing structures with requirements of dynamic displacements. The first step of this method consists in extracting dynamic reduced models from Finite Element simulations which will enable us to obtain a model for any structure, whatever its complexity, as opposed to analytical modeling methods. These models are computed for a set of design parameters. Then a meta-model, which is a simplified descriptive model of other models, is computed as a surface response model that expresses the design objectives and constraints as a function of the design variables. The combination of the results stemming from the meta-model allows working out the optimal values of the design parameters. The main advantage of the proposed method is to enable the quick design exploration of structures. As an example, the method is applied to a flexible structure whose dynamic displacements need to be controlled in bending and twisting. The theoretical results are validated in the end by experiments.
Shading of the fruit zone to reduce grape yield and quality losses caused by sunburn

Aim: To test the hypothesis that shading of the fruiting zone of the plants might reduce yield losses caused by excessive exposure to sun while avoiding the most damaging effects associated with reduced radiation.Methods and results: A number of grapevine rows were shaded with a double layered white plastic netting on their south-facing side, from the ground to about 20 cm above the cluster zone. Data on meteorological conditions, plant growth, plant water availability, yield components and must characteristics were recorded during three growing seasons. Shading significantly increased yield but did not alter significantly the must characteristics.Conclusion: Partial shading of the grapevine canopy reduced yield losses attributable to excessive radiation. The must obtained from shaded berries had a lower concentration of anthocyanins, and the wines made from these musts had a lighter colour which may be detrimental to their quality.Significance and impact of the study: The study highlights the effects of solar radiation on the composition of grape musts and suggests a potentially cost-effective method to control excessive radiation in vineyards.
Wave Run-Up Analyses Under Dissipative Condition Using X-Band Radar

An X-band nautical radar system was employed to examine wave run-up during a typhoon around the research pier HORS in Hasaki, Japan. Analyses on radar echo images were done to estimate the spatio-temporal variation of water fronts by manually digitizing cross-shore time stack images. Digitized instantaneous water fronts were validated with wave gauge measurements with an acceptable agreement. Longshore distribution of mean shoreline positions and inter-tidal foreshore slopes were then estimated using time-averaged images. Run-up, the height of discrete water level maxima, was estimated from the digitized water fronts with the help of foreshore profile. Run-up variations under dissipative condition were parameterized with surf similarity parameter. Low frequency variances in the run-up motion were observed, which travelled in the longshore direction.
Efficient algorithms for the dynamics of large and infinite classical central spin models

We investigate the time dependence of correlation functions in the central spin model, which describes the electron or hole spin confined in a quantum dot, interacting with a bath of nuclear spins forming the Overhauser field. For large baths, a classical description of the model yields quantitatively correct results. We develop and apply various algorithms in order to capture the long-time limit of the central spin for bath sizes from 1000 to infinitely many bath spins. Representing the Overhauser field in terms of orthogonal polynomials, we show that a carefully reduced set of differential equations is sufficient to compute the spin correlations of the full problem up to very long times, for instance up to ${10}^{5}\ensuremath{\hbar}/{J}_{\mathrm{Q}}$ where ${J}_{\mathrm{Q}}$ is the natural energy unit of the system. This technical progress renders an analysis of the model with experimentally relevant parameters possible. We benchmark the results of the algorithms with exact data for a small number of bath spins and we predict how the long-time correlations behave for different effective numbers of bath spins.
Carbon cycling by microbes influenced by light in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean

The goal of this study was to examine the relationships between phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria and the effect of light on bacterial growth and respiration in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean in summer. Heterotrophic microbes were a substantial component of the plankton as indicated by the ratio of bacterial biomass to phytoplankton biomass, which varied from 0.15 to 0.83, averaging 0.60. Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic (AAP) bacteria made up on average 10% of bacterial abundance and 13 % of bacterial biomass. AAP bacterial biomass was on average 2-fold higher than Synechococcus sp. biomass, whereas Prochlorococcus sp. was never more than 1 % of bacterial biomass. The bacterial production to primary production ratio ranged from 0.04 to 0.14 and was on average 0.07. The bacterial growth efficiency (BGE) in light incubations (10%) was 3-fold lower than in the dark (32 %). Consequently, the calculated flux of carbon through bacteria in the light was also about 3-fold lower in the dark, since ratios of bacterial carbon demand (BCD) to primary production inferred from light and dark estimates of BGE were 0.7 and 0.2, respectively. However, BCD and respiration rates were not greater than primary production, suggesting that this region of the North Atlantic was net autotrophic even after the spring bloom. The BGE data and the abundance of photoheterotrophic microbes, such as AAP bacteria, highlight the importance of the effects of light on carbon cycling by bacteria in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean.