Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The administration of PRN medication by mental health nurses.

: The use of PRN or 'as required' medication by mental health nurses is an important, yet little explored aspect of psychiatric inpatient care. In a survey of 100 inpatients in Canada (Craven et al. 1987), it was reported that 88% had been prescribed PRN medication. The most frequently administered drugs were antipsychotics, anticholinergics, and benzodiazepines. Similar results were found in a study by Walker (1991). Craven et al. (1987) also highlight that people over the age of 50 are more likely to be given PRN medication, and suggest that gender and legal status do not influence administration. Vitello et al. (1991), in a study of factors affecting the administration of PRN medication on a children's psychiatric unit, demonstrated that 91% of administrations were given orally (compared to 9% via intramuscular injection); however it is unclear if this finding can be generalized to an adult psychiatric setting. Mental health nurses' reasons for administering PRN medication have not been examined.
A High-Speed Low-Distortion CMOS Source Follower Buffer

This paper discusses the design and implementation of a pseudo-differential high-speed and highly linear novel Source-Follower Buffer in 0.35 μm CMOS. The high linearity of Source Follower is achieved by means of a cascode transistor and an auxiliary structure to mitigate impact of channel modulation and parasitic capacitances. The new architecture consumes 10 mW from a 3.3-V supply and it achieves a total harmonic distortion of -74.5 dB at 100 MHz, yielding 12-b resolution. Design methodology, simulation and experimental results are presented.
In vivo dosimetry and seed localization in prostate brachytherapy with permanent implants

This paper reports on the development of an interactive, intraoperative dose planning system for seed implant brachytherapy in cancer treatment. This system involves in vivo dosimetry and the ability to determine implanted seed positions. The first stage of this project is the development of a urethral alarm probe to measure the dose along the urethra during a prostate brachytherapy treatment procedure. Ultimately, the system will be used to advise the physicians upon reaching a preset dose rate or dose after total seed decay in the urethra during the seed placement. The second stage is the development of a method and instrumentation for in vivo measurements of the location of implanted seeds in the same frame as for dose planning and the use of these in intraoperative treatment planning. We have developed a silicon mini-detector, miniature front-end, and shaping amplifier with discriminator, connected to the mini-silicon detector at the end of a cable placed in a urological catheter, to satisfy the spectroscopic requirements of the urethral probe. This technique will avoid complications related to overdosing the urethra and the rectum.
A wide-band reflection-type phase shifter at S-band using BST coated substrate

The design and experimental results of a wide-band monolithic reflection-type phase shifter are presented in this paper. The phase shifter fabricated on Ba/sub 0.6/Sr/sub 0.4/TiO/sub 3/ (BST)/sapphire consists of a coplanar waveguide (CPW) Lange coupler, a series resonated LC termination, and a bias network. The CPW Lange coupler results in a power split of 3.5 dB/spl plusmn/0.5 dB in the range of 1.6-3.2 GHz. The BST interdigital capacitor has a tunability (C/sub max//C/sub min/) of 3.1 with 140 V. Measured and simulated performance of a series resonated LC termination was described. The phase shifter has achieved a phase-shift range of over 90/spl deg/ with an insertion loss of better than 2.0 dB and a return loss of higher than 14 dB in the frequency range of 1.9-2.5 GHz over a bias voltage range from 0 to 160 V. A figure-of-merit of maximum 72/spl deg//dB at 2 GHz was obtained. The smaller phase shifter using the folded-type CPW Lange coupler, which maintains a smaller aspect ratio for easier packaging, has an insertion loss of better than 2.3 dB with a phase-shift range of over 130/spl deg/ at 2.5 GHz. Two-tone measurements of the phase shifter indicate an input IP/sub 3/ of 32 dBm with 0 V and 41.9 dBm with 60 V. Total size of the monolithic BST phase shifter is 11.2 mm /spl times/ 4.9 mm /spl times/ 0.43 mm for the straight coupler design and 5.4 mm /spl times/ 6.5 mm /spl times/ 0.43 mm for the folded-type design.
Persistent organochlorine pesticide levels in cow's milk samples from tropical regions of Mexico

Organochlorine pesticides have been used in agriculture as a seed dresser, in sanitation, in malaria control programmes and in livestock to combat ectoparasites. Their residues accumulate in lipid-rich tissues due to their chemical stability and persistence. In the body they circulate throughout all compartments, deposit themselves in adipose fat and can be excreted during lactation. These pesticides are applied in tropical zones and drift to areas where cattle graze. Therefore, analyses of cow's milk samples can serve as an indicator of environmental and cows'exposure to them. One hundred and fifty milk samples were taken each year in 1998 and 2001 and analysed to determine concentrations of HCB, β-HCH, pp′;-DDE, op′-DDT and pp′-DDT. Results obtained indicate that β-HCH is one of the main contaminants (0.106 and 0.087 mg kg-1 on fat basis) followed by pp′-DDT (0.078 and 0.037 mg kg-1 on fat basis) and pp′-DDE (0.051 and 0.033 mg kg-1 on fat basis). The HCB and op′-DDT were detected in lower quantities respectively (0.008 and 0.006 mg kg -1, and 0.031 and 0.010 mg kg-1 on fat basis). When comparing the results obtained with those from the previous study, it was noted that DDT levels decreased significantly in 2001 as a result of the substitution of the organochlorine insecticides with pyrethroids sprayed by the Mexican Ministry of Health to combat malaria since 1999.
A Two-Stage State Estimator for Dynamic Monitoring of Power Systems

Fault recorders can track the transients in the power system during a fault. However, they cannot provide a wide area picture of the power system operating condition. The provision to track the transients is of great interest for the power system operators. In this paper, a two-stage state estimator (SE), based on both conventional and phasor measurement unit (PMU) measurements, is presented. The estimator is able to track the dynamics of the power system states during a fault. The advantage of the proposed SE is that it does not require full power system observability by the PMU measurements. The two-stage SE was successfully tested on the IEEE 14 and 118 bus systems.
Polarization characteristics of the paraboloidal reflector antenna

This paper presents a parametric equation approach to the formulation of the radiation integrals for a paraboloidal reflector antenna, whose cross-section is elliptic. In order to then examine the reflector's polarization properties, it is taken that it is illuminated by a cosine feed radiation, through which expressions for the co-polarized and cross-polarized fields become available. Computational results obtained through the invocation of a physical optics approximation appropriate to the problem in a MATLAB environment, are presented in graphical formats, and shown to be consistent with published data reported in the open literature.
A Comprehensive Conflict Resolution Approach for Multiagent Systems

The paper contributes a novel conflict resolution approach in multiagent systems. The approach proposes methods namely conflict avoidance, conflict prevention and conflict detection, for handling conflicts in any generic interaction protocol in multiagent systems. The proposed approach is comprehensive as it considers avoidance, prevention, detection and resolution of conflict and presents a complete solution.
Software engineering research on libre software: data sources, methodologies and result

Con la implantacion de Internet han surgido nuevas maneras de desarrollar software que hacen uso de herramientas telematicas, emplean metodologias flexibles e incorporan contribuciones por parte de personas externas al equipo de desarrollo, Uno de los ejemplos paradigmaticos de desarrollo software que cuenta con las caracteristicas mencionadas se puede encontrar en el fenomeno del software libre, siendo de especial interes en proyectos de gran tamano (en numero de participantes y en tamano del software). A pesar de que en un principio estos nuevos entornos son menos controlables que los tradicionales (debido a que el desarrollo se realiza generalmente de manera distribuida geograficamente, a que no hay detras una empresa que lleve la mayor parte del desarrollo o, al menos, no se sigan las estructuras jerarquicas tradicionales y a que las contribuciones externas son dificilmente predecibles), gracias a que tanto el producto del desarrollo (el software en si), como muchos de los subproductos del equipo de desarrollo, sistemas para almacenar los errores del software o sistemas de control y de versiones) se encuentran normalmente disponibles de manera publica en Internet, podemos realizar analisis exhaustivos con gran cantidad de datos, muchos de ellos dificilmente conseguibles en ambitos tradicionales. Esta tesis tiene como objetivo identificar las fuentes de datos que ofrecen los proyectos de software libre de manera publica, presentar algunas metodologias para el analisis de las fuentes y de los datos que podemos extraer de las mismas, y mostrar algunos resultados de las metodologias empleadas para proyectos de software libre. Se pretende con ello conocer mejor el fenomeno del software libre, en particular, y los procesos de creacion de software, en general, ya que parte del conocimiento adquirido no tiene por que ser especificos del software libre, sino que puede aplicarse en cualquier otro entorno de desarrollo. Entre las principal
Proposal for standardized ultrasound descriptors of abnormally invasive placenta (AIP)

*The Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; †The Fetal Medicine Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK; ‡Department of Obstetrics and Division of Experimental Obstetrics, Study Group Perinatal Programming, Charité Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany; §Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Faculty Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; ¶Department of Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; **Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; ††Fetomaternal Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; ‡‡Prenatal Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; §§Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; ¶¶University of Liège, CHR de la Citadelle, Liège, Belgium *Correspondence. (e-mail: sally.collins@obs-gyn.ox.ac.uk)
The Effect of Ketamine on the Functional Residual Capacity in Young Children

The effect of ketamine on the functional residual capacity (FRC) was measured in nine ASA class I children prior to elective surgery. FRC was determined by the closed-circuit helium dilution method on the day prior to surgery in the awake state and also following induction of anesthesia on the day of the operation. Anesthesia consisted of ketamine by continuous intravenous infusion following preanesthetic sedation with atropine and triclofos or flunitrazepam. There were no significant differences in FRC between the measurements in the awake state and anesthetized (392 ± 43 SEM ml, and 411 ± 53 SEM ml, respectively), and the authors conclude that ketamine does not affect resting lung volume in young children.
Characterization of Tarakeshwara Rasa: An Ayurvedic herbomineral formulation

Tarakeshwara Rasa (TR) is an Ayurvedic herbomineral compound formulation used in the intervention of Prameha vis-à-vis diabetes mellitus. The present study was executed to establish a fingerprint for this unique formulation, which can be adopted by the Ayurvedic pharmacies for drug standardization. TR is a formulation prepared by the trituration of four ingredients Abhraka Bhasma (AB), Loha Bhasma (LB), Vanga Bhasma (VB) and Rasa Sindhura (RS) in equal quantities with honey for one day. Each of the ingredients were prepared according to the norms of Ayurvedic classical texts and by employing Electric Muffle Furnace as heating device for incineration. To ensure the proper preparation of Bhasmas, standard tests (Bhasma Pariksha) were employed. After Bhasma complies these tests, TR was prepared and subjected for qualitative analysis, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) studies. LB, AB, VB, RS and TR were also studied for free metal presence by employing phosphomolybdic acid. Chemical analysis of TR reveals that it contains Fe, Sn, Hg, Al, Mn, Ca and Mg. XRD study indicates that TR contains Fe2O3 (maghamite) in major phase and SnO2 (cassiterite), HgS, SiO2, HgO in minor phases. SEM study revealed that the compound is an agglomeration of particles. The particle size was in between 0.5 and 2 μ. Free metal detection by phosphomolybdic acid revealed the absence of free metals in the final Bhasmas. This is the first study establishing the characterization of Tarakeshwara Rasa.
Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of the Brain during Acute Hypoxia-Ischemia and Delayed Cerebral Energy Failure in the Newborn Piglet

Studies of the brains of severely birth-asphyxiated infants using proton(1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) have shown changes indicating a rise in cerebral lactate (Lac) and a fall in N- acetylaspartate (Naa). The aim of this study was to test two hypotheses: 1) that these changes can be reproduced in the newborn piglet after transient reversed cerebral hypoxia-ischemia, and their time course determined; and 2) that changes in Lac peak-area ratios are related to changes in phosphorylation potential as determined by phosphorus(31P) MRS. Eighteen piglets aged <24 h were anesthetized and ventilated. Twelve underwent temporary occlusion of the carotid arteries and hypoxemia, and six served as sham-operated controls. 1H and 31P spectra were acquired alternately, both during the insult and for the next 48 h, using a 7-tesla spectrometer. During hypoxia-ischemia, the median Lac/total creatine (Cr) peak-area ratio rose from a baseline of 0.14 (interquartile range 0.07-0.27), to a maximum of 4.34 (3.33-7.45). After resuscitation, Lac/Cr fell to 0.75 (0.45-1.64) by 2 h, and then increased again to 2.43(1.13-3.08) by 48 h. At all stages after resuscitation Lac/Cr remained significantly above baseline and control values. Naa/Cr was significantly reduced below baseline and control values by 48 h after resuscitation. The increases in the Lac peak-area ratios were concomitant with the falls in the[phosphocreatine (PCr)*]/[inorganic phosphate (Pi)] ratio, during both acute hypoxia-ischemia and delayed energy failure. The maximum Lac/Naa during delayed energy failure correlated strongly with the minimum[nucleotide triphosphate (NTP)]/[exchangeable phosphate pool (EPP)](r = -0.94, p < 0.0001). We conclude that both hypotheses have been confirmed.
Dissociation From a Cross-Cultural Perspective: Implications of Studies in Brazil

Abstract A major issue in the study of dissociation concerns the cross-cultural validity of definitions and measurements used to identify and classify dissociative disorders. There is also extensive debate on the etiological factors underlying dissociative experiences. Cross-cultural research is essential to elucidate these issues, particularly regarding evidence obtained from countries in which the study of dissociation is still in its infancy. The aim of this article was to discuss Brazilian research on the topic of dissociation, highlighting its contributions for the understanding of dissociative experiences in nonclinical populations and for the validity and relevance of dissociative disorders in the contexts of psychiatry, psychology, and psychotherapy. We also consider the ways in which dissociative experiences are assimilated by Brazilian culture and religious expressions, and the implications of Brazilian studies for the sociocultural investigation of dissociation. We conclude by addressing the limitations of these studies and potential areas for future research.
Morphine toxicity with dilated pupils.

Dr Rampen's review is inaccurate in several other particulars. Day et al did not indicate that microscopic satellites were absent around lesions less than 1 mm thick-rather they wrote that no satellites were detected around 168 lesions of 0-75 mm or less thick; for 151 patients with 0-76-1-50 mm thick lesions 7/151 (4-6%) were found to have satellites.3 Furthermore, Elder et al indicated that they found no local recurrences in their patients (which they defined as reappearances of biopsyproved melanoma within or contiguous to the definitive excision scar). 4 Dr Rampen's analysis5 of the WHO study6 concluded that a 9 40' rate for local recurrence after excision of stage I melanomas with tumour free excision margins of 2 cm or less was unacceptably high. We have recently found in a minimum 10 year follow up study of stage I melanomas treated with conventional wide excision margins (most 5 cm or greater) that the rate of local tumour recurrence was 26/258 (10%). 7 Not only should patients treated for melanoma be followed up for prolonged periods to determine the accurate rate of local tumour recurrence, but the relative proportions of thin and thick tumours should be detailed as well as the surgical excision margins.8 Despite wide resection margins thick tumours are likely to be associated with an increased rate of local tumour recurrence, which will reflect simply the continuing growth of what were initially microscopic satellites outwith the margins of the resection-however wide they may have been.
Visual function in autism spectrum disorders: a critical review

Studies have shown considerable evidence of visual dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders. Anomalies in visual information processing can have a major effect on the life quality of individuals with autism spectrum disorders. We summarise the hypotheses and theories underlying neural aetiologies and genetic factors that cause these disorders, as well as the possible influences of unusual sensory processing on the communications and behaviour characterised by the autistics. In particular, we review the impact of these dysfunctions on visual performance.
Nucleoprotein Transitions During Spermiogenesis in Mice with Transition Nuclear Protein Tnp1 and Tnp2 Mutations1

Abstract Chromatin remodeling during spermiogenesis is characterized by a series of nuclear protein replacements. Histones are replaced by transition nuclear proteins, which are in turn replaced by protamines. The transition nuclear proteins, TP1 and TP2, and the protamines, PRM1 and PRM2, are the major nuclear proteins involved in this process. Biochemical studies of mice with null mutations in one of the Tnp genes showed that the absence of one TP led to an apparent elevation in the amount of the remaining TP in the testis. To investigate the mechanism of changes of protein levels and effects of one Tnp mutation on other nuclear proteins, we used immunohistochemistry techniques to determine the distribution of these nuclear proteins. In contrast to previous biochemical analyses, which indicated that nuclear protein replacement was sequential with little overlap between the protein types, we found considerable overlap in the nucleoprotein types during spermiogenesis. The TPs, which appear in the nucleus before histone displacement is complete, were shared among genetically inequivalent spermatids. The absence of one TP did not affect the time of appearance of the other TP or of the protamines, but it did affect the displacement of the other TP, leading to its abnormal retention in the nucleus. The elevated levels of the remaining TP in Tnp-mutant mice appeared to be a consequence of the prolonged retention, rather than increased synthesis. Thus the absence of one of the TPs did not significantly affect transcription or translation of the other basic proteins, but it did affect posttranslational events.
Sphingomyelin exhibits greatly enhanced protection compared with egg yolk phosphatidylcholine against detergent bile salts.

Inclusion of phosphatidylcholine within bile salt micelles protects against bile salt-induced cytotoxicity. In addition to phosphatidylcholine, bile may contain significant amounts of sphingomyelin, particularly under cholestatic conditions. We compared protective effects of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (similar to phosphatidylcholine in bile), egg yolk sphingomyelin (mainly 16:0 acyl chains) and dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine against taurocholate in complementary in vitro studies. Upon addition of taurocholate-containing micelles to sonicated egg yolk phosphatidylcholine vesicles, subsequent micellization of the vesicular bilayer proved to be retarded when phospholipids had also been included in these micelles in the rank order: egg yolk phosphatidylcholine < dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine < sphingomyelin. Hemolysis of erythrocytes and LDH release by CaCo-2 cells after addition of taurocholate micelles were strongly reduced by including small amounts of sphingomyelin or dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine in these micelles (PL/(PL + BS) >/= 0.1), whereas egg yolk phosphatidylcholine provided less protection. Amounts of non-phospholipid-associated bile salts (thought to be responsible for cytotoxicity) in egg yolk phosphatidylcholine-containing micelles were significantly higher than in corresponding sphingomyelin- or dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine-containing micelles (tested at PL/(PL + BS) ratios 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2). LDH release upon incubation of CaCo-2 cells with taurocholate simple micelles at these so-called "intermixed micellar-vesicular" concentrations was identical to LDH release upon incubation with corresponding taurocholate-phospholipid mixed micelles. In conclusion, we found greatly enhanced protective effects of sphingomyelin and dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine compared to egg yolk phosphatidylcholine against bile salt-induced cytotoxicity, related to different amounts of non-phospholipid-associated bile salts. These findings may be relevant for protection against bile salt-induced cytotoxicity in vivo.
Implementation of Quasi-Z-Source Four-Leg Inverter with PV by using Model Predictive Control Scheme

The Implementation of Quasi-Z-Source Four-Leg Inverter with PV by using Model Predictive Control Scheme is proposed in this paper. In order to reduce the drawbacks of traditional three phase voltage source inverter (VSI). Photovoltaic (PV) is a term which converts the light into electricity. This topology features a wide range of voltage gain which is suitable for applications in renewable energy-based power systems, where the output of the renewable energy sources varies widely with operating conditions such as wind speed, solar irradiation and temperature. To improve the capability of the controller, an MPC scheme is used which implements a discrete-time model of the system. The controller handles each phase current independently, which adds flexibility to the system. The performance of quasi z source three-phase four-leg VSI with PV by using model predictive control (MPC) was simulated using MATLAB Simulink under balanced and unbalanced load conditions as well as single-phase opencircuit fault condition.
A computationally efficient direction-of-arrival estimation algorithm, robust against coherent sources and small sample size

Direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation algorithms usually impose high computation burden and most of them are incapable of facing the coherent sources. In this paper, a new computationally efficient algorithm that is robust against the coherent sources is proposed. This method is based on a combination of the Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Orthogonal-Matching-Pursuit (OMP) algorithms. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has good performance in the small sample size cases and the coherency does not affect its performance.