Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Globalization and the Size of Public Expenditure: Analysis of Growth Effect of Globalization on Tanzanian Economy

The main focus of this paper was to examine the impact of the progress of globalization on the economy of Tanzania. The Dickey-Fuller test was employed to determine stationarity nature of the time series data while Engle-Granger test of cointegration was used to determine the long-run associationship among the variables under the study. Moreover, the study employed growth curves with and without the dummy variable to analyse the change of various economic and financial variables before and after globalization. The dummy variable was used to determine the impact of the policy change (globalization) on the economy. With the use of Dickey-Fuller test we found all variables to be non stationary. However, the variables were found to be stationary when subjected to Engle-Granger test. This indicates existence of a long-run associationship among the variables. Besides with the use of the growth curves we observed that the progress of globalization has negatively affected the size and role of government in economic affairs. All other variables including GDP are also adversely affected by the progress of globalization. Hence, this is the evidence that the policies of globalization implemented in Tanzania since 1986 through the World Bank and IMF have no significant role in the growth of Tanzanian economy. Keywords: Globalization, Public Expenditure, Economic Growth, Tanzania
Changes in Several Inflammatory and Oxidation Markers after Ovalbumin-Sensitization in a Guinea Pig Model of Allergic Asthma - A Pilot Study

Changes in Several Inflammatory and Oxidation Markers after Ovalbumin-Sensitization in a Guinea Pig Model of Allergic Asthma - A Pilot Study Ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitization is a common way to evoke changes similar to changes in allergic asthma in humans. Activated cells produce various pro-inflammatory and vasoactive substances including reactive oxygen species. The goal of this pilot study was to evaluate mobilization of leukocytes into the lungs and oxidation processes induced by OVA-sensitization in a guinea-pig model of allergic asthma. Guinea-pigs were divided into OVA-sensitized and naïve animals. After sacrificing animals, blood samples were taken and total and differential leukocyte counts were calculated, and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and total antioxidant status (TAS) in the plasma were determined. Left lungs were saline-lavaged and total number of cells and differential leukocyte count in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) were calculated. Right lung tissue was homogenized, ECP, TAS and products of lipid and protein oxidation (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and lysine-lipoperoxidation end-products) were determined in the lung homogenate. OVA-sensitization increased a total number of cells and percentages of eosinophils and neutrophils and slightly increased ECP in the blood and in the BAL fluid. In addition, increased lipid and protein oxidation in the lung homogenate, and decreased TAS in the plasma was found in OVA-sensitized compared to naïve animals. In conclusion, OVA-sensitization increased mobilization of leukocytes into the lungs and elevated production of reactive oxygen spesies (ROS), accompanied by a decrease in plasma TAS.
Global Technology Trends Monitoring: Theoretical Frameworks and Best Practices*

Monitoring and accurate interpretation of the data on technological trends is a key prerequisite for the gaining competitive advantages in various economic sectors. Validation of expert assessments via quantitative methods helps to reveal inexplicit signs of technological change based on the analysis of large data sets. Synthesis of qualitative and quantitative methods enables identification of global technological trends, formalization of their criteria, and creation of automated information processing tools. The paper presents an analytical review of international practices for monitoring global technology trends, as well as the key theoretical approaches and methods, which have been developed in this field.
8-Prenylnaringenin from hop (Humulus lupulus L.) – a panacea for menopause?

Summary 8-Prenylnaryngenin (8-PN) is the strongest known phytoestrogen (PE). Its main source is the female inflorescences of hops (Humulus lupulus L.). 8-PN, which, in contrast to other PEs, is proven to have stronger activity and higher affinity for the α subtype of estrogen receptor (ER). Therefore, it may be an effective substitute for hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The studies in postmenopausal women have shown its particular effectiveness in reducing hot flashes. However, a strong stimulation of uterus by 8-PN may be associated with the occurrence of adverse effects (eg. bleeding) and increase the risk of carcinogenesis. The H. lupulus extracts preparations are currently supplements which makes control of the doses used and thus increases the occurrence of uncontrolled self-treatment difficult. This paper presents the current knowledge on 8-PN and discusses the potential risks associated with use of hops to alleviate the symptoms of menopause.
Membranes with anchored polymers at the adsorption transition

Polymers which are anchored to membranes exert bending moments onto these membranes. It is shown by general scaling arguments and explicit calculations for ideal chains i) that the polymer-induced \spontaneous" curvature Msp has the scaling form ›sp(†N ` )=N " , where N and † are the chain length and the distance from the adsorption-desorption transition, respectively, and ii) that Msp changes its sign close to this transition. Thus, if the polymer and the membrane experience efiectively attractive and repulsive interactions, the membrane is bent towards and away from the polymer, respectively.
ROXAS - an efficient and accurate tool to detect vessels in diffuse-porous species

Wood-anatomical parameters form a valuable archive to study past limitations on tree growth and act as a link between dendrochronology and ecophysiology. Yet, analysing these parameters is a time-consuming procedure and only few long chronologies exist. To increase measurement efficiency of wood-anatomical parameters, novel tools like the automated image-analysis system ROXAS were developed. So far, ROXAS has only been applied to measure large earlywood vessels in ring-porous species.In this study, we evaluate if ROXAS is also suitable for efficient and accurate detection and measurement of vessels in diffuse-porous European beech. To do so, we compared the outcome of ROXAS with that of the established measurement programme Image-Pro Plus in terms of efficiency and accuracy.The two methods differed substantially in efficiency with automatic measurements using ROXAS being 19 times faster than with Image-Pro Plus. Although the procedures led to similar patterns in annual variation of mean vessel area and vessel density, the absolute values differed. Image-Pro Plus measured systematically lower mean vessel areas and higher vessel densities than ROXAS. This was attributed to the species-specific technical settings in ROXAS, leading to more realistic results than those obtained using the default settings in Image-Pro Plus. A shortcoming of ROXAS was, however, that small vessels (<100 μm²) could not be detected with sufficient accuracy. Yet, based on thin sections of European beech, it is generally difficult to distinguish such small vessels from parenchyma cells. Moreover, these small vessels do not contribute substantially to conductive efficiency. Therefore, we do not foresee any problems for most studies if the lower vessel area threshold to be measured is set to 100 μm². Overall, ROXAS proved to be useful for measuring vessel parameters in diffuse-porous tree species, allowing accurate and efficient analyses of large numbers of samples.
Overview of Meteorological Surface Variables and Boundary-layer Structures in the Seoul Metropolitan Area during the MAPS-Seoul Campaign

The meteorological surface variables and boundary-layer structures in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) were examined during the MAPS-Seoul (Megacity Air Pollution Studies in Seoul) intensive field experiment (18 May–13 June 2015). Data were obtained from a surface energy balance system and a ceilometer installed at a UMS-Seoul (urban meteorological observation system in the SMA) station located in the eastern part of the city of Seoul. A series of migratory anticyclone passages under a strong El Nino event meant that the experimental period was much warmer and drier than the climatological ones. The mean air temperature during this period was 2.6°C higher than the recent 30-year (1981–2010) climatological value, while only one-eighth of the climatological precipitation was recorded. Twelve mist event days were recorded, as were four of haze and six of rainfall events. The SMA was found to be affected by the sea-land breeze: Westerly winds (sea-breezes) were dominant from the afternoon till the early evening, while easterlies (land-breezes) were dominant before the morning. Finally, the vertical profile of the attenuated backscatter obtained by the ceilometer indicated that the maximum daily mixing-layer heights (MLHs) on days with mist/haze and much cloud cover were lower than on days with no-mist/haze and less cloud cover, respectively, mainly due to a decrease in the downward solar radiation. However, the effect of mist/haze on the daytime MLH evolution was larger than that of cloud cover. The MLH also exhibited an altitude similar to that of the steepest vertical gradient of sulfate and organic aerosol concentration, obtained from the airborne measurement on 13 June 2015.
Pseudo-Haptic Feedback for Promoting Narrative Comprehension.

Skill in reading comprehension requires reading sentences to understand an intention embedded between the lines. In the case of narrative, it is particularly necessary to read a narrative and find essential concepts such as emotions of the characters embedded between the lines for comprehending an intention of the narrative. In this work, we focus on reading between the lines and to require learners to compose a narrative map including a concept (called interlinear concept) between the lines, which is related to the narrative intention. We also demonstrate a tablet tool, which allows learners to compose a narrative map including interlinear concept from narrative. This tool presents pseudo-haptic feedback when learners operate the nodes and links representing the interlinear concept and narrative intention on the map. The results of a case study suggest that the pseudo-haptic feedback could enhance awareness of the interlinear concept and narrative intention.
Comparing the magnetic resonant coupling radiofrequency stimulation to the traditional approaches: Ex-vivo tissue voltage measurement and electromagnetic simulation analysis

Recently, the design concept of magnetic resonant coupling has been adapted to electromagnetic therapy applications such as non-invasive radiofrequency (RF) stimulation. This technique can significantly increase the electric field radiated from the magnetic coil at the stimulation target, and hence enhancing the current flowing through the nerve, thus enabling stimulation. In this paper, the developed magnetic resonant coupling (MRC) stimulation, magnetic stimulation (MS) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) are compared. The differences between the MRC RF stimulation and other techniques are presented in terms of the operating mechanism, ex-vivo tissue voltage measurement and electromagnetic simulation analysis. The ev-vivo tissue voltage measurement experiment is performed on the compared devices based on measuring the voltage induced by electromagnetic induction at the tissue. The focusing effect, E field and voltage induced across the tissue, and the attenuation due to the increase of separation between the coil and the target are analyzed. The electromagnetic stimulation will also be performed to obtain the electric field and magnetic field distribution around the biological medium. The electric field intensity is proportional to the induced current and the magnetic field is corresponding to the electromagnetic induction across the biological medium. The comparison between the MRC RF stimulator and the MS and TENS devices revealed that the MRC RF stimulator has several advantages over the others for the applications of inducing current in the biological medium for stimulation purposes.
A Multi-Period Model for Managing Used Products in Green Supply Chain Management under Uncertainty

Green supply chain management in consequence of global warming, in particular, closed-loop logistics, has drawn the attention researchers. Moreover, accounting of uncertainty in supply chain network design will lead to more realistic problem as a result of inherent uncertain parameters such as customer demand in establishment of closed-loop logistics network design problem. This paper proposes a multi-period-stage closed-loop logistics network design under risk incorporating the strategic network design decisions along with tactical material flow to avoid sub-optimalities led from separated design in both parts. The proposed network structure includes suppliers, plants, distribution centers in forward direction and collection/inspection centers, and redistribution centers in reverse direction. The demands of first market customer zones are assumed stochastic. The problem is formulated in a mixed integer non-linear programming (SMINLP) decision making form as a multi-stage stochastic program with objective function maximizing the total expected profit.
Os ritmos da vida : uma visão actualizada da cronobiologia aplicada

As flutuacoes ambientais, tais como o ciclo dia-noite, as estacoes do ano e as variacoes de temperatura e humidade, sao um desafio a sobrevivencia dos seres vivos, os quais desenvolveram mecanismos de ajustamento e adaptacao dos seus processos fisiologicos a essas variacoes ciclicas - o chamado Relogio Endogeno. Este relogio percebe a variacao temporal, e regulado por diversos sincronizadores e, informa todo o organismo atraves de sistemas humorais e neurais. A Cronobiologia e um novo ramo da ciencia que estuda os ritmos das funcoes biologicas relacionando-os com a saude e com a doenca, dando origem a outras ciencias como a cronofarmacologia, a cronotoxicologia e a cronoterapia, cujos principios (cronobiologicos) sao hoje utilizados para, por exemplo, determinar a melhor hora do dia para a administracao de um farmaco de forma a maximizar a eficacia e a minimizar as reaccoes adversas. A presente revisao pretende definir e explicar os conceitos basicos e o funcionamento do relogio endogeno e dos ritmos circadianos, defini-lo para os diferentes sistemas biologicos e, atraves da pele, demonstrar como o conhecimento pratico destas especialidades, contribui, de forma aplicada, para o desenvolvimento do nosso conhecimento especifico, ilustrando assim o estado-da-arte destes dominios
A new look at sulphur chemistry in hot cores and corinos

Sulphur-bearing species are often used to probe the evolution of hot cores since their abundances are particularly sensitive to physical and chemical variations. However, the chemistry of sulphur is not well understood in these regions, notably because observations of several hot cores displayed a large variety of sulphur compositions, and because the reservoir of sulphur in dense clouds, in which hot cores form, is still poorly constrained. In order to help disentangled its complexity, we present a fresh comprehensive review of sulphur chemistry in hot cores along with a study of its sensibility to temperature and pre-collapse chemical composition. In parallel, we analyse the discrepencies that result from the use of two different types of models (static and dynamic) to highlight the sensitivity to the choice of model to be used in astrochemical studies. Our results show that the pre-collapse chemical composition is a critical parameter for sulphur chemistry in hot cores and could explain the different sulphur compositions observed. We also report that differences in abundances for a given species between the static and dynamic models can reach six orders of magnitude in the hot core, which reveals the key role of the choice of model in astrochemical studies.
Meal Patterns and Practical Applications for Obesity Management

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Microbial Extraction of Antimony from Stibnite of Qillah Abdullah

The study involve bioleaching of antimony ore collected from Qillah Abdullah Balochistan (Pakistan) by using Thiobacillus ferrooxidans isolated from coal mine drainage of district Harnai. Analysis of ore revealed that it has 19.54% antimony along with 42.24% SiO 2 as gangue material. Trails for bioleaching were conducted in shake flasks having 10% (w/v) ore and growth medium. Isolated microorganisms were found more efficient for liquification of antimony contents at grain size -150#. Liquefied antimony was recovered as antimony sulphide by precipitation with H 2 S. Parameters affecting the process of bioleaching such as aeration, time period, temperature, grain size of ore and pH were also optimized. Overall recovery of product was estimated as 73% in 120 days.
Salmonella and Antimicrobial Resistance in Fresh Produce

Contamination of fresh produce with Salmonella may occur during any point from fork to table. It may occur during produce production, harvest, processing, and transportation. Fresh produce has been recognized as a common source for Salmonella since the bacteria has the ability to attach and internalize in produce. Salmonella has been isolated from produce including mangoes, cantaloupe, cucumbers, alfalfa sprouts, and lettuce. Bacteria from fresh produce include a number of opportunistic human pathogens which may be resistant to several antibiotics. Antimicrobial resistant bacteria may have the poten- tial to make their way over to fresh produce through contaminated irrigation water and manure applied to agricultural fields. Salmonella resistant to antibiotics including vanco- mycin, erythromycin, ampicillin and penicillin has been isolated from vegetables. With the increasing foodborne illness associated with fresh produce, there is a lot of emphasis on good agricultural practices (GAPs) to validate that farms are producing fresh produce in the safest means possible. With proper education and training on GAPs, produce growers will be able limit the occurrence of Salmonella and other foodborne pathogens in fresh produce.
Applying the Fuzzy Ant-Miner Algorithm to Extract the Success Indicators of Balloon Dilation in PA-IVS

Several studies have sought to identify the parameters that determine the outcome of balloon dilation in pulmonary atresia with ventricular septum. However, none of these studies was based on the ant colony algorithm. In this paper we focus on the implementation of an algorithm based on ant colonies: Fuzzy Ant-Miner. This method uses the concepts of fuzzy logic to extract rules from the training data. These rules are exploited using a Mamdani fuzzy inference system for classification and prediction. The results obtained by this method in the form of fuzzy rules are easy to interpret, and close to human reasoning.
xpenditures and postsecondary graduation : An investigation using ndividual-level data from the state of Ohio ouglas

Using detailed individual-level data from public universities in the state of Ohio, I estimate the effect of various institutional expenditures on the probability of graduating from college. Using a competing risks regression framework, I find differential impacts of expenditure categories across student characteristics. I estimate that student service expenditures have a larger impact on students with low SAT/ACT scores, while instructional expenditures are more important for high test score students and those majoring in scientific/quantitative 22
Pulmonary rehabilitation: today and tomorrow

Educational aims To review the rationale for and the components of comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation. To evaluate the role of pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation. To discuss the potential role of pulmonary rehabilitation in the critically ill patient and the patient with lung cancer Summary Comprehensive and effective clinical management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) requires an interdisciplinary, integrated care approach that includes both pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies. Pulmonary rehabilitation is a nonpharmacological, interdisciplinary, patient-centred intervention that is a crucial component of the optimal care for patients with COPD, and, as such, has a prominent place in all current guidelines for the treatment of this disease [1–3]. This article will begin by outlining the components of pulmonary rehabilitation and the rationale behind its effectiveness. It will then focus on some emerging areas of clinical and research interest which will illustrate how the principles of pulmonary rehabilitation can be adapted to nontraditional areas to improve patient outcomes. These include COPD exacerbations, lung cancer and critical illness.
Modern Approaches into Biochemical and Molecular Biomarkers: KeyRoles in Environmental Biotechnology

Biomarkers are characterized by a unique order in their molecular structures and are the first sentinel’s tools for sensitive effect measurements in environmental quality or biotechnological processes assessment. Most of the importance of biomarkers resides in their property to be measurable using different biochemical and molecular approaches. The recent application and or studies of biomarkers and its correlation at the omics era, has revalorized new roles of biomarkers in environmental biotechnology. In this work, some of the common biomarkers actually used, viz, pigments, cytochrome P4501A enzyme induction, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, DNA integrity and metallothiones are analyzed concomitantly to recent applications of Omics technologies to optimize metabolic networks in living biomes. New developments under the umbrella of the culture independent molecular tools applied for the analyses of mixed microbial communities have contributed in understanding catabolism from contaminants in extreme and fragile environments. These approaches open the venue for the new biomarkers for an increased biodiversity expectative of ca. 99% higher than conventional classification. Functional genes by metagenomic arrays, will greatly improve our understanding of microbial interaction and metabolism to facilitate the development of suitable bioremediation strategies for environment clean up.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF A NEW VIRAL DISEASE AFFLICTING CULTURED CYPRINUS CARPIO IN ISRAEL

Since spring 1998, a new disease causing high mortality has afflicted cultured ornamental and common carps (Cyprinus carpio) in Israel. The clinical signs of the disease are fatigue, gasping movements in shallow water, gill necrosis, sunken eyes, pale patches on the skin and increased mucus secretion. The disease was experimentally transmitted to koi and common carp of various ages by injection with affected tissue filtrates, cohabitation trials and exposure to the isolated viral agent. Immersion of healthy fish in tanks containing 2.7 x 104 plaque forming units (PFU) per l or intraperitoneal injection (0.2 ml) of a viral inoculum of 1000 PFU/ml were sufficient to induce the terminal disease in over 80% of the fish. Here we report that the disease is restricted to C. carpio, that young fish of 2.5 g and 6 g are more sensitive to the virus than adults (230 g) and that the virus remains active in the water for at least four hours.