Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Internet Key Exchange (IKEv2) Protocol

This document describes version 2 of the Internet Key Exchange (IKE) protocol. IKE is a component of IPsec used for performing mutual authentication and establishing and maintaining security associations (SAs). This version of the IKE specification combines the contents of what were previously separate documents, including Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP, RFC 2408), IKE (RFC 2409), the Internet Domain of Interpretation (DOI, RFC 2407), Network Address Translation (NAT) Traversal, Legacy authentication, and remote address acquisition. Version 2 of IKE does not interoperate with version 1, but it has enough of the header format in common that both versions can unambiguously run over the same UDP port. [STANDARDS- TRACK]
Secondary loss of chloroplasts in trypanosomes

On page 1067 in this issue of PNAS, Hannaert et al. (1) present evidence for the idea that trypanosomes once possessed a chloroplast that they lost some time in their distant evolutionary past. It would probably be going overboard to call trypanosomes algae in disguise, but for a protozoan parasite without any trace of chloroplast remnants, the trypanosome is now shown to possess a remarkable number of enzymes of plant-related origin. This finding advances our understanding of trypanosome biology and could even help efforts to discover drugs to treat trypanosomatid-caused diseases.
Accelerated parallel imaging for functional imaging of the human brain

Accelerated parallel imaging (PI) techniques have recently been applied to functional imaging experiments of the human brain in order to improve the performance of commonly used single‐shot techniques like echo‐planar imaging (EPI). Potential benefits of PI‐fMRI include the reduction of geometrical distortions due to off‐resonance signals, the reduction of signal‐loss in areas with substantial signal inhomogeneity, increases of the spatial and temporal resolution of the fMRI experiment and reduction of gradient acoustic noise. Although PI generally leads to a substantial decrease in image signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), its effect on the temporal stability of the signal, which ultimately determines fMRI performance, is only partially determined by image SNR. Therefore, the penalty for using PI is generally not as severe as the SNR reduction. The majority of problems related to single‐shot techniques become more severe at an increased magnetic field strength, making PI an important tool in achieving the full potential of fMRI at high field. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brain Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF) and hypothalamic control of energy homeostasis

Cytokines play an important role in energy-balance regulation. Notably leptin, an adipocyte-secreted cytokine, regulates the activity of hypothalamic neurons that are involved in the modulation of appetite. Leptin decreases appetite and stimulates weight loss in rodents. Unfortunately, numerous forms of obesity in humans seem to be resistant to leptin action. The ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is a neurocytokine that belongs to the same family as leptin and that was originally characterized as a neurotrophic factor that promotes the survival of a broad spectrum of neuronal cell types and that enhances neurogenesis in adult rodents. It presents the advantage of stimulating weight loss in humans, despite the leptin resistance. Moreover, the weight loss persists several weeks after the cessation of treatment. Hence, CNTF has been considered as a promising therapeutic tool for the treatment of obesity and has prompted intense research aimed at identifying the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying its potent anorexigenic properties. It has been found that CNTF shares signaling pathways with leptin and is expressed in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), a key hypothalamic region controlling food intake. Endogenous CNTF may also participate in the control of energy balance. Indeed, its expression in the ARC is inversely correlated to body weight in rats fed a high-sucrose diet. Thus hypothalamic CNTF may act, in some individuals, as a protective factor against weight gain during hypercaloric diet and could account for individual differences in the susceptibility to obesity.
On the design of spherical gradient index lenses

Classical spherical gradient index (GRIN) lenses (such as Maxwell Fish Eye lens, Eaton lens, Luneburg lens, etc.) design procedure using the Abel integral equation is reviewed and reorganized. Each lens is fully defined by a function called the angle of flight which describes the ray deflection through the lens. The radial refractive index distribution is obtained by applying a linear integral transformation to the angle of flight. The interest of this formulation is in the linearity of the integral transformation which allows us to derive new solutions from linear combinations of known lenses. Beside the review of the classical GRIN designs, we present a numerical method for GRIN lenses defined by the Abel integral equation with fixed limits, which is an ill-posed problem.
Planificar la enseñanza universitaria para el desarrollo de competencias

Planificar y utilizar de manera efectiva distintas estrategias para disenar y desarrollar con exito la ensenanza es una de las competencias docentes mas importantes para afrontar el reto de la convergencia europea que tiene planteada la universidad en la presente etapa de creacion del Espacio Europeo de Educacion Superior (EEES). En este articulo se presenta una reflexion sobre la importancia de la planificacion docente para el desarrollo de competencias en la formacion universitaria, las caracteristicas y componentes, asi como los elementos diferenciales en el sistema de convergencia europea. La incorporacion del conocimiento actual sobre el proceso de aprendizaje, el uso de criterios validos para seleccionar estrategias adecuadas para lograr diferentes resultados de aprendizaje y un fuerte impulso a la tutoria academica son algunas de las caracteristicas mas relevantes, junto a las implicaciones que el sistema ECTS tiene en la planificacion y gestion del tiempo de aprendizaje y ensenanza. La funcion docente se ve intensamente afectada por estos cambios y necesita reforzar una nueva caracterizacion profesional.
Increased platelet Fc receptor expression as a potential contributing cause of platelet hypersensitivity to collagen in diabetes mellitus

Summary. Recent clinical and laboratory observations support a potential role for the platelet FcγRIIA receptor (FcR) in collagen‐mediated platelet activation associated with arterial thrombosis. Stable age‐ and sex‐independent variation in receptor expression exists. Flow cytometry showed that 100 diabetes patients had increased mean platelet FcR expression levels compared with 201 non‐diabetes patients (P < 0·001). Aggregation studies following FcR cross‐linking supported a receptor role in increased activation of diabetes platelets after collagen stimulation (P = 0·018). Immunoprecipitation of collagen‐stimulated and FcR‐crosslinked platelets demonstrated enhanced levels of tyrosine‐phosphorylated Syk in diabetic platelets. Increased platelet FcR‐mediated sensitivity to collagen may contribute to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in diabetes.
Culex Population Dynamics and West Nile Virus Transmission in East-Central Illinois

ABSTRACT Temporal changes in the abundance Culex restuans and Culex pipiens were monitored in east-central Illinois for over a decade using infusion-baited oviposition traps. The 2 species typically exhibited a seasonal shift in relative abundance with a mean crossover date (when the proportion of egg rafts from both species is equal) of August 10 or 11, depending on leap year, with a 95% confidence interval of ±10.7 days. The date of crossover was linearly related to the date of last spring frost and occurred on average about 123 days after the last spring frost. Despite the predictability of crossover, the weekly pattern in the proportion of Cx. pipiens before and after crossover varied considerably, even between years with similar crossover dates. After West Nile virus became established in our area, we found that transmission based on Culex from gravid traps did not increase until Cx. pipiens abundance increased in oviposition traps. Infection rates peaked within the half-month period after crossover. The peak in Cx. pipiens abundance in oviposition traps during this 3-year period was between the 2nd half of August and the end of September. A higher magnitude of transmission in 2002 coincided with warmer temperatures during July and August and an extended period in which the 2 Culex species were in relatively equal abundance.
The Detailed Structure and Behavior of Discrete Cooling Jets in a Turbine

Abstract: Three‐dimensional jets are an efficient way of cooling the walls of modern high‐pressure turbines. Introduced in the external flow that develops around the turbine blade, they are associated with a set of vortex structures. The purpose of this paper is to underline the respective origin and importance of these structures, with reference to both experimental and numerical results. Steady and unsteady vortices will be analyzed. Recommendations for numerical simulations will be proposed from these observations.
Organic Foods: Do Eco-Friendly Attitudes Predict Eco-Friendly Behaviors?

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether student awareness and attitudes about organic foods would predict their behaviors with regard to organic food consumption and other healthy lifestyle practices. A secondary purpose was to determine whether attitudes about similar eco-friendly practices would result in socially conscious behaviors. Participants: The sample was students (N = 443) enrolled in 1 of 2 core courses in a mid-sized Southern university. Method Summary: Students completed an anonymous 28-item survey about their awareness, attitudes, and behaviors. Linear regression and path analysis were used to test whether attitudes were related to purchase of organic foods and eco-friendly behaviors. Results: Many students (49%) possessed factual knowledge about organic foods. More (64%) felt positively about having organic food options available to them both on campus and elsewhere. Taste and price most influenced the purchase of such foods. Attitudes were significant predictors of consumption behaviors and healthy practices. Conclusions: Positive attitudes toward organic foods and other environmentally friendly practices significantly predicted similar behaviors. Student consumers seem to act upon their beliefs.
A Variant of Genetic Algorithm Based Categorical Data Clustering for Compact Clusters and an Experimental Study on Soybean Data for Local and Global Optimal Solutions

Almost all partitioning clustering algorithms getting stuck to the local optimal solutions. Using Genetic algorithms (GA) the results can be find globally optimal. This piece of work offers and investigates a new variant of the Genetic algorithm (GA) based k-Modes clustering algorithm for categorical data. A statistical analysis have been done on the popular categorical dataset which shows the user specified cluster centres stuck at local optimal solution in K-modes algorithm even in all the higher iterations and the proposed algorithm overcome this problem of local optima. To the best of our knowledge, such comparison has been reported here for the first time for the case of categorical data. The obtained results, shows that the proposed algorithm is better over the conventional k-Modes algorithm in terms of optimal solutions and within cluster variation measure.
Identification of Postpartum Depression

Postpartum depression (PPD) is the most common medical complication of childbearing. Universal screening maximizes the likelihood of prompt identification of PPD. Obstetrician-gynecologists routinely evaluate postpartum women for a general health examination and review of family planning options at approximately 6 weeks after birth; therefore, they are well positioned to identify PPD. In this study, we review the diagnostic criteria for postpartum depressive disorders and clinical risk factors predictive of PPD. We examine depression screening tools, appropriate cut-points associated with positive screens, the optimal timing for screening, and the acceptability of depression screening in obstetrical settings. Finally, we explore how to manage patients who screen positive for depression and treatment options for women with PPD.
INTERACTION OF IONIZING RADIATION AND ULTRAVIOLET‐LIGHT IN DIPLOID YEAST STRAINS OF DIFFERENT SENSITIVITY *

Abstract— The interaction of ionizing radiation and UV‐light regarding colony forming ability in 3 diploid yeast strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated. A wild type and two radiation sensitive mutants were used. No difference in the response of the three strains could be detected when the UV dose was given first, but when ionizing radiation was applied shortly before UV, there were essential differences depending on the kind of mutation. The involvement of repair mechanisms in the interaction is discussed.
Estimación de proyectos de software pequeños basada en el juicio de expertos

La estimacion de esfuerzo de productos de software basada en el juicio de expertos es el metodo mas difundido en la industria del software y existen evidencias que puede tener la misma o mejor precision cuando este es comparado con modelos de estimaciones formales. Con la finalidad de brindar una mayor evidencia de esta afirmacion se plantea un caso de estudio de una aplicacion compleja desarrollada en el contexto de una empresa publica. Se compara el metodo de estimacion de expertos versus los metodos formales de Regresion lineal y Analogias, utilizando modelos de una sola variable Tamano (medido en COSMIC) o Complejidad (medida en Paths). Los resultados muestran que no fue posible superar la precision del juicio de expertos debido a su nivel de experiencia medio-alto.
Family Members’ Experience With Hospice in Nursing Homes

Research has documented numerous benefits and challenges associated with receipt of hospice care in nursing homes; however, study of this partnership from the perspective of residents’ family members has been limited. The purpose of this qualitative investigation was to explore family members’ experience with hospice services received in the nursing home setting. Researchers conducted a secondary data analysis of 175 family member interviews using a thematic analytic approach. Findings highlighted the critical role of communication in supporting residents and their family members. Care coordination, support and oversight, and role confusion also impacted family members’ experience of hospice care in the nursing home. Efforts directed at enhancing communication and more clearly articulating the roles of members of the health care team are indicated.
Battery SoC-based DC output voltage control of BESS in stand-alone DC microgrid

This paper proposes a new DC output voltage control for the battery energy storage system (BESS) based on the battery state of charge (SoC). The proposed control scheme was verified through computer simulations for a typical standalone DC microgrid, which consists of BESS, photo-voltaic (PV) panel, engine generator (EG), and DC load. A scaled hardware prototype for stand-alone DC microgrid was set up in the lab, in which the proposed control scheme was loaded in DSP controller. The experimental results were compared with the simulation results for performance verification. The proposed control scheme provides relatively lower variation of the DC grid voltage than the conventional droop control.
Broilers Serum Cholesterol and Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase and Their Relation to Antibiotic in Feed and Medication Programs in Four Broiler Producers in Semarang Region-Central Java, Indonesia

This study was carried out to investigate the use of antibiotic in feed and medication programs and their effects on broilers Serum Cholesterol and Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT). The broilers were sampled randomly from four small-scale broiler producers (BP1, BP2, BP3, BP4) in Semarang region- Central Java, Indonesia. Observed data comprising medication programs and the types of feed ingredients in the commercial complete feed were obtained from medication program brochures and feed labels respectively. Four unsexed broilers from each poultry producer were randomly sampled at selling point in poultry slaughterhouse. Broilers market body weight and abdominal fat percentage were measured on the spot. Blood was taken to obtain the serum samples for determination of serum cholesterol and SGOT. An independent experimental study (E1) was also carried out approximately the same time as the field study using the same feed as in BP-4 and raised under similar condition as in the broiler producers. However, no medication program was employed. The results showed that all feeds from four different feed companies (FC1, FC2, FC3, FC4) used by the four BPs respectively contained antibiotics. Antibiotics were also administered in medication program via drinking water. The market age was found to be 34-35 days old and market weight was in average 1760.38±54.14 g with no significant difference among producers. This market weight had no significant difference to E1. There was no significant difference in broilers abdominal fat percentage and SGOT among BPs. However, these abdominal fat and SGOT were significantly higher than E1. There is a significant difference in serum cholesterol of broilers among BPs, where BP-4 had the highest (145.2±6.59 mg dl ) and BP-3 had the lowest serum cholesterol level (117.53±9.76 mg dl ). These serum 1 1 cholesterol and SGOT levels were significantly higher than those in E1 or in those published results that used in-feed antibiotic and no-medication (E2) or no antibiotic in feed nor medication (E3). These results suggested that antibiotic in feed and medication program affect lipid and hepatic metabolism of broiler s which is reflected by an increase in serum cholesterol and SGOT.
Effect of Fenugreek Fiber on Satiety, Blood Glucose and Insulin Response and Energy Intake in Obese Subjects

Eighteen healthy obese subjects participated in a single blind, randomized, crossover study of three test breakfasts, containing 0 g (control), 4 g or 8 g of isolated fenugreek fiber. Subjects recorded ratings of hunger, satiety, fullness and prospective food consumption using visual analog scales (VAS) every 30 min for 3.5 h. Postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses were measured. Energy intake from an ad libitum lunch buffet and for the remainder of the day was assessed. The 8 g dose of fenugreek fiber significantly increased mean ratings of satiety and fullness, and reduced ratings of hunger and prospective food consumption (P < 0.05). Palatability was significantly reduced with increasing doses of fenugreek fiber (P < 0.05). No differences were observed for area under the curve (AUC) for blood glucose among treatments. An increase in insulin AUC was found with 8 g fenugreek fiber. Energy intake at an ad libitum lunch buffet was significantly lower for 8 g than 4 g fenugreek fiber, but not significantly different from control, although there was a trend towards a lower intake (p = 0.11). No differences were observed for energy intake for the remainder of the day. Fenugreek fiber (8 g) significantly increased satiety and reduced energy intake at lunch, suggesting it may have short‐term beneficial effects in obese subjects. Satiety results were not related to postprandial blood glucose. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Issues concerning the propagation of uncertainty in ADC figures of merit in the frequency domain

The paper deals with the uncertainty evaluation for the most used figures of merit of analog to digital converters in technical standards. Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), Spurious-Free Dynamic Range (SFDR), Signal to-Noise And Distortion ratio (SINAD) and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), as defined in IEEE Std.1057, have been considered in order to derive practical uncertainty propagation formulas. The proposed formulas have been validated on simulated and actual signals.
The interaction of p53 with 3'-terminal mismatched DNA

The diversity of p53 functions involves its interaction with sequence-specific, non-sequence-specific and various damaged sites in DNA. The preferential excision of misincorporated over correct nucleotides by the 3′→5′ exonuclease activity of p53 provides a molecular basis for p53 involvement in the correction of the DNA replication errors. However, p53 exhibits variations in its comparative efficiency to excise different 3'-terminal mismatched nucleotides. To determine the importance of the binding capacity of the protein to various 3'-terminal damaged sites, we have examined the interaction of p53 with linear dsDNAs containing various 3'-terminal mismatches, employing a gel retardation assay. The data demonstrate the intrinsic 3'-terminal mismatched DNA binding capacity of p53. Since p53 binds directly to various 3'-terminal purine:pyrimidine and purine:purine mispairs to an equal extent, p53 can be considered as a general 3'-mismatched DNA binding protein. Apparently, 3'-terminal mismatched bases are structural element to which p53 can bind, that extends the spectrum of damage sites to which p53 may respond. The formation of the p53-mismatched DNA complex is independent of the sequence context. Thus, the dissimilarities in mispair excision efficiency are probably due to an inherent property of the p53 in excision of 3'-mismatched nucleotides by a bound protein. The results establish a framework for understanding the mechanism of cooperative interaction between p53 and exonuclease-deficient DNA polymerase (e.g. HIV-1 RT). Within the context of error-correction events, p53 by recognition and excision of 3'-mismatched nucleotides from DNA, may be involved in DNA repair, thus increasing the accuracy of DNA synthesis by DNA polymerases.
Desarrollo del muestreador pasivo Chemcatcher para la monitorización y cuantificación mediante GC-ICP-MS de mercurio y compuestos organoestánnicos en medios acuáticos

La actualizacion de la informacion relativa a los principales contaminantes de naturaleza organica e inorganica, y el aseguramiento de la calidad de los resultados ofrecidos son dos de los objetivos primordiales de la legislacion Europea en materia de aguas. En la actualidad existen tecnicas instrumentales de determinacion cuantitativa que aseguran el control de la calidad analitica de los resultados ofrecidos por los laboratorios. Sin embargo, este hecho no es extrapolable a la toma de muestra. La toma de muestra constituye el punto de partida de todo analisis y cualquier error cometido en este paso no puede ser corregido a posteriori. Actualmente, la metodologia mas extendida para el muestreo de aguas es el muestreo por puntos. Sin embargo, este tipo de estrategia proporciona informacion del instante en que se toma la muestra y, para aquellas especies que se encuentran en muy baja concentracion, la recogida de grandes volumenes de agua es necesaria para superar los limites de deteccion de las tecnicas utilizadas. Dentro de las metodologias que se estan desarrollando en la actualidad se encuentran las tecnicas de muestreo pasivo. La reciente aplicacion del muestreo pasivo constituye una buena herramienta para la consecucion de los objetivos de calidad y control plasmados dentro de la Directiva Marco Europea de Aguas 2000/60/EC. En el marco del proyecto europeo STAMPS (no contrato EVK1-CT-2002-00119) “Standarised Aquatic Monitoring by Passive Sampling” ejecutado entre 2002-2006, se desarrollan, amplian y mejoran las prestaciones y el uso del muestreador pasivo Chemcatcher para la determinacion de una gran cantidad de contaminantes organicos en agua. Los objetivos globales fijados en el presente trabajo han sido el desarrollo, la calibracion y la aplicacion “in situ” del muestreador pasivo Chemcatcher para la monitorizacion y determinacion de mercurio y compuestos organoestannicos en aguas continentales y marinas de la Union Europea.