Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gas‐phase hydrolysis of SOF2 and SOF4

The rates for gas‐phase hydrolysis of SOF2 (thionylfluoride) and SOF4 (thionyl tetrafluoride) have been measured at a temperature of 298 K. The second order rate constant for SOF2 hydrolysis in SF6 buffer gas was found to have the value (1.2±0.3)×10−23 cm3/s which agrees with previous estimates of Sauers et al., but is three orders of magnitude lower than the value obtained by Ruegsegger et al. at 340 K. The rate constant for SOF4 hydrolysis has not previously been measured and its value in both SF6 and N2 buffer gases was found here to be (1.0±0.3)×10−21 cm3/s.
Neural Encoding and Representation of Time for Sensorimotor Control and Learning

The ability to perceive and produce movements in the real world with precise timing is critical for survival in animals, including humans. However, research on sensorimotor timing has rarely considered the tight interrelation between perception, action, and cognition. In this review, we present new evidence from behavioral, computational, and neural studies in humans and nonhuman primates, suggesting a pivotal link between sensorimotor control and temporal processing, as well as describing new theoretical frameworks regarding timing in perception and action. We first discuss the link between movement coordination and interval-based timing by addressing how motor training develops accurate spatiotemporal patterns in behavior and influences the perception of temporal intervals. We then discuss how motor expertise results from establishing task-relevant neural manifolds in sensorimotor cortical areas and how the geometry and dynamics of these manifolds help reduce timing variability. We also highlight how neural dynamics in sensorimotor areas are involved in beat-based timing. These lines of research aim to extend our understanding of how timing arises from and contributes to perceptual-motor behaviors in complex environments to seamlessly interact with other cognitive processes.
N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide and Longitudinal Risk of Hypertension.

BACKGROUND Hypertension is a common condition that increases risk for future cardiovascular disease. N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is higher in individuals with hypertension, but studies of its association with hypertension risk have been mixed. METHODS The REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study enrolled 30,239 Black or White adults aged ≥45 years from 2003-2007. A subcohort included 4,400 participants who completed a second assessment in 2013-2016. NT-proBNP was measured by immunoassay in 1,323 participants without baseline hypertension, defined as blood pressure ≥140/90 or self-reported antihypertensive prescriptions. Two robust Poisson regression models assessed hypertension risk, yielding incidence rate ratios (IRRs): Model 1 included behavioral & demographic covariates and Model 2 added risk factors. A sensitivity analysis using a less conservative definition of hypertension (blood pressure ≥130/80 or self-reported antihypertensive prescriptions) was conducted. RESULTS 466 participants developed hypertension after mean follow-up of 9.4 years. NT-proBNP was not associated with hypertension (Model 2 IRR per SD log NT-proBNP 1.01, 95% CI 0.92-1.12), with no differences by sex, BMI, age, or race. Similar findings were seen in lower-threshold sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSIONS NT-proBNP was not associated with incident hypertension; this did not differ by race or sex. Cross-sectional associations of natriuretic peptides with hypertension are likely due to myocardial stretch due to increased afterload.
MicroRNA‐141‐3p regulates cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion in esophageal cancer by targeting tuberous sclerosis complex 1

MicroRNA (miR)−141‐3p, which functions as an oncogene in multiple malignancies, has been shown to be highly overexpressed in esophageal cancer cells in our previous work. miR‐141‐3p is predicted to bind the messenger RNA (mRNA) of tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (TSC1), a tumor suppressor, with high affinity. In this study, we investigated the expression and functional interaction between miR‐141‐3p and TSC1 in esophageal cancer cells. Experiments were conducted in four esophageal cancer lines and in tumor cells isolated from human esophageal cancer specimens by laser capture microdissection. miR‐141‐3p expression was measured by real time and droplet digital PCR. Biotinylated RNA pull‐down and luciferase reporter assays were used to assess binding. miR‐141‐3p function was tested by assessing proliferation, migration, invasion, and induction of autophagy following its silencing. We found that miR‐141‐3p levels were increased in TE7, OE33, and TE10 esophageal cancer cells compared to FLO‐1 cells, with similar heterogeneity observed in human esophageal cancer specimens. Silencing of miR‐141‐3p led to increased TSC1 protein expression in these cells and was associated with increased TSC1 translation. Binding studies reveal that miR‐141‐3p binds to each of the predicted binding sites in the 3′‐untranslated region of TSC1 mRNA. Following miR‐141‐3p silencing, TE7, OE33, and TE10 cells exhibited decreased proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as enhanced autophagy. Importantly, these phenotypic effects were replicated by overexpression of TSC1 alone in these cells. Our results indicate that miR‐141‐3p functions in an oncogenic capacity in a subset of esophageal cancer cells, in part by suppressing TSC1 expression.
Breakthrough percepts of online identity: Detecting recognition of email addresses on the fringe of awareness

A key issue facing cybercrime investigations is connecting online identities to real‐world identities. This paper shows that by combining the Fringe‐P3 method with a concealed information test, we can detect a participant's familiarity with their own email address, thus connecting their real‐world identity to their online one. Participants were shown Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) streams of email addresses, some including their own email address (probe) or a target email address. Familiarity with the probe was accurately detected with significant results at the group level and for 7 of 11 participants at the individual level. These promising results demonstrate that the method can be successfully used to detect online identities. Factors that may affect how well an email address probe stands out in the RSVP streams are also discussed.
Peritoneal Lavage Cytology Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Gastric Adenocarcinoma: Low Yield in Detecting Peritoneal Metastases

Background Peritoneal lavage cytology (PLC) can detect advanced disease in gastric adenocarcinoma (GC); however, routine practice remains controversial. Furthermore, the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) on cytological detection of carcinomatosis is unknown. Methods Using a 2012-2020 prospective database, we retrospectively reviewed patients with GC who underwent NAC followed by a staging laparoscopic peritoneal lavage with or without biopsy of suspicious peritoneal nodules. PLC results were considered discordant if they did not align with the peritoneal biopsy results. Patients with benign peritoneal cytology (Cyt-) or biopsy results who had postoperative time to carcinomatosis of <6 months were considered to have diagnostic failure of peritoneal lavage. Results Fifty-five patients with GC who underwent NAC followed by staging diagnostic laparoscopy with peritoneal lavage were identified. The majority of the patients in the cohort had Cyt- lavage (89.1%). Of the patients who underwent resection, 76.1% had T3 or greater disease on final pathology and 66% had nodal metastases. In 23 patients (41.8%) who had both peritoneal lavage and biopsy, four cases (17.4%) had discordant results. Diagnostic failure rate was 20% at 6 months and 42.2% at 12 months. The median time to carcinomatosis in patients who were Cyt- or biopsy negative was 7.9 months. Conclusion PLC after NAC has a high diagnostic failure rate and inaccurately predicts carcinomatosis in 20% of patients with GC. Novel methods for identifying cytology positive GC after NAC should also be developed and evaluated, since the risk of peritoneal dissemination is high.
Microvascular Density, Endothelial Area, and Ki-67 Proliferative Index Correlate Each Other in Cat Post-Injection Fibrosarcoma

Soft tissue sarcomas are a large group of different tumor types both in humans and in animals. Among them, fibrosarcoma is the most frequent malignant mesenchymal tumoral form in cats, representing up to 28% of all cat skin tumors, while human fibrosarcoma, fortunately, only represents 5% of all sarcomas and 0.025% of the world-wide burden of tumors. This low incidence in humans leads to consideration of this group of tumoral diseases as rare, so therapeutic options are few due to the difficulty of starting clinical trials. In this context, the identification of research models for fibrosarcomas could be of great interest to deepen knowledge in this field and recognize new or possible biological pathways involved in tumor progression and metastasis. Angiogenesis is considered a fundamental scattering cause of tumor aggressiveness and progression in all forms of cancer, but only a few research parameters were developed and reported to express them quantitatively and qualitatively. The role in angiogenesis of microenvironmental stromal cells, such as fibroblasts, lymphocytes, mast cells, and macrophages, was largely demonstrated since this topic was first approached, while quantification of new vessels and their blood capacity in tumoral area is a relatively recent approach that could be well developed thanks to expertise in immunohistochemistry and image analysis. In this paper, a crossing study evaluating microvascular density (MVD), endothelial area (EA), and Ki-67 proliferative index was reported for a series of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 99 cat patients, affected by cat post-injection fibrosarcoma, by using a till ×400 magnification light microscopy. We aim to demonstrate that cat pets may be considered a useful animal model for better studying the correspondent human diseases and we report, for the first time to our knowledge, experimental data in terms of correlation among MVD, EA, and Ki-67 strictly involved in aggressiveness and tumoral progression.
Catalytic dehydration of fructose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by ion-exchange resin in mixed-aqueous system by microwave heating

Catalytic dehydration of fructose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by microwave heating was studied in acetone-water mixtures in the presence of a cation exchange resin catalyst. The use of acetone–water reaction media resulted in yields of 5-HMF as high as 73.4% for 94% conversion at 150 °C. It was confirmed that there was no decrease of catalytic activity and selectivity for five reuses of the resin, which was in accordance with the elemental analysis results that showed that sulfonic acid groups attached on the resin were stable at the experimental conditions. A comparison between conventional sand bath heating and microwave heating revealed that the latter had a remarkable accelerating effect not only on fructose conversion, but also on 5-HMF yield. Under the conditions (5 ml of 2 wt% fructose solution, 0.1 g of resin, 150 °C and 10 min), fructose conversion and HMF yields by microwave heating (91.7% and 70.3%, respectively) were higher than those by sand bath heating (22.1% and 13.9% respectively). Therefore, the process that we developed in this study showed that high 5-HMF yields from fructose could be achieved under mild conditions.
Hold on or Cut? Integrin- and MMP-Mediated Cell–Matrix Interactions in the Tumor Microenvironment

The tumor microenvironment (TME) has become the focus of interest in cancer research and treatment. It includes the extracellular matrix (ECM) and ECM-modifying enzymes that are secreted by cancer and neighboring cells. The ECM serves both to anchor the tumor cells embedded in it and as a means of communication between the various cellular and non-cellular components of the TME. The cells of the TME modify their surrounding cancer-characteristic ECM. This in turn provides feedback to them via cellular receptors, thereby regulating, together with cytokines and exosomes, differentiation processes as well as tumor progression and spread. Matrix remodeling is accomplished by altering the repertoire of ECM components and by biophysical changes in stiffness and tension caused by ECM-crosslinking and ECM-degrading enzymes, in particular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). These can degrade ECM barriers or, by partial proteolysis, release soluble ECM fragments called matrikines, which influence cells inside and outside the TME. This review examines the changes in the ECM of the TME and the interaction between cells and the ECM, with a particular focus on MMPs.
Mechanisms Underlying the Antifibrotic Potential of Estradiol for Vocal Fold Fibrosis

Vocal fold fibrosis remains a significant clinical challenge. Estrogens, steroid hormones predominantly responsible for secondary sexual characteristics in women, have been shown to alter wound healing and limit fibrosis, but the effects on vocal fold fibrosis are unknown. We sought to elucidate the expression of estrogen receptors and the effects of estrogens on TGF‐β1 signaling in rat vocal fold fibroblasts (VFFs).
Chronic Intradiploic Organizing Hematoma of the Skull Mimicking Calvarial Tumor Diagnosed Using Zero TE MRI: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Chronic intradiploic organizing hematoma of the skull is a rare lesion that usually presents as a progressively growing mass after head trauma, thus making it difficult to diagnose. To date, only nine cases that have been histopathologically confirmed as organizing hematoma of the skull have been reported in the literature. Herein, we describe a case of a chronic organizing hematoma involving the right parietal bone, presenting as a slowly growing mass in a 54-year-old man. The lesion was also visualized on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a zero echo time sequence. In this case report, we emphasize that chronic intradiploic organizing hematoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a palpable scalp mass. We also highlight the importance of meticulous radiological review in the context of appropriate clinical suspicion and the usefulness of the zero TE sequence in evaluating calvarial lesions.
Identification of a 15-pseudogene based prognostic signature for predicting survival and antitumor immune response in breast cancer

Pseudogenes are noncoding RNAs that have been revealed to play critical roles in oncogenesis and tumor progression. However, their functional roles have not been comprehensively clarified in breast cancer. Here, we systematically analyzed the RNA sequencing data of 13931 pseudogenes in 775 breast cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset, and ultimately identified 15 prognostic pseudogenes by univariate Cox proportional hazard regression. A risk score model was constructed based on the prognostic pseudogenes via LASSO analysis and dichotomized patients into low- and high-risk subgroups. Patients in the high-risk group had a significantly shorter overall survival than those in the low-risk group. The prognostic value of these 15 pseudogenes and the risk score model were further validated in the European Genome-Phenome Archive dataset. Furthermore, we performed consensus clustering of the 15 prognostic pseudogenes and found that their expression pattern was significantly associated with tumor malignancy and host antitumor immune response, in terms of infiltrating immune cell compositions, antigen presenting genes expression, cytolytic activity and T-cell exhausted markers. This study indicated that these 15 prognostic pseudogenes were significantly correlated with tumor malignancy and host antitumor immune response in breast cancer, and might serve as potential targets for immunotherapy.
Dysregulation of sonic hedgehog signaling causes hearing loss in ciliopathy mouse models

Defective primary cilia cause a range of diseases known as ciliopathies, including hearing loss. The etiology of hearing loss in ciliopathies, however, remains unclear. We analyzed cochleae from three ciliopathy mouse models exhibiting different ciliogenesis defects: Intraflagellar transport 88 (Ift88), Tbc1d32 (a.k.a. bromi), and Cilk1 (a.k.a. Ick) mutants. These mutants showed multiple developmental defects including shortened cochlear duct and abnormal apical patterning of the organ of Corti. Although ciliogenic defects in cochlear hair cells such as misalignment of the kinocilium are often associated with the planar cell polarity pathway, our results showed that inner ear defects in these mutants are primarily due to loss of sonic hedgehog signaling. Furthermore, an inner ear-specific deletion of Cilk1 elicits low-frequency hearing loss attributable to cellular changes in apical cochlear identity that is dedicated to low-frequency sound detection. This type of hearing loss may account for hearing deficits in some patients with ciliopathies.
Chronometric vs. Structural Hypercoagulability

Prolonged tourniquet stasis induced by venepuncture can lead to the release of the plasma of cell lysis products, as well as tissue factor (TF), impairing the quality of coagulation test results. The accidental presence of TF in vitro can trigger the coagulation mechanism, generating a false decrease in prothrombin time (PT). Background and Objectives: Identification of short PT tests below the normal reference value that could suggest a situation of hypercoagulability. The study aimed to compare the results of the shortened PT tests at their first determination with the eventual correction following duplication of the analysis from the same sample. Materials and methods: Identification of the shortened PT tests has been carried out for a period of 4 months, upon 544 coagulation samples referred to the Hematology department of Sf. Spiridon County Clinical Emergency Hospital from Iasi, Romania. Results: Out of the 544 samples of which the results indicated a state of hypercoagulability, by repeating the determination from the same sample, for 200 (36.76%) PT tests (p = 0.001) the value was corrected, falling within the normal reference range. For 344 (63.24%) tests, the results suggested a situation of hypercoagulability. Conclusions: In order to guarantee the highest quality of the laboratory services, a proper interpretation and report of the patients’ results must be congruent and harmoniously associated to the actual clinical condition of the patient. Duplication of the PT determination from the same sample would exclude situations of false hypercoagulability and would provide significant improvement for the patient’s safety.
Economic evaluation of adjuvant trastuzumab emtansine in patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer and residual invasive disease after neoadjuvant taxane and trastuzumab-based treatment in Canada.

Background In the katherine trial, adjuvant trastuzumab emtansine [T-DM1, Kadcyla (Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, U.S.A.)], compared with trastuzumab, significantly reduced the risk of recurrence or death by 50% (unstratified hazard ratio: 0.50; 95% confidence interval: 0.39 to 0.64; p < 0.0001) in patients with her2-positive early breast cancer (ebc) and residual invasive disease after neoadjuvant systemic treatment. A cost-utility evaluation, with probabilistic analyses, was conducted to examine the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (qaly) gained associated with T-DM1 relative to trastuzumab, given the higher per-cycle cost of T-DM1. Methods A Markov model comprising a number of health states was used to examine clinical and economic outcomes over a lifetime horizon from the Canadian public payer perspective. Patients entered the model in the invasive disease-free survival (idfs) state, where they received either T-DM1 or trastuzumab. Transition probabilities between the health states were derived from the katherine trial, Canadian life tables, and published literature from other relevant clinical trials (emilia, cleopatra, and M77001). Resource use, costs, and utilities were derived from katherine, other clinical trials, published literature, provincial fee schedules, and clinical expert opinion. Sensitivity analyses were conducted for key assumptions and model parameters. Results Compared with trastuzumab, adjuvant T-DM1 was associated with a cost savings of $8,300 per patient and a 2.16 incremental qaly gain; thus T-DM1 dominated trastuzumab. Scenario analyses yielded similar results, with T-DM1 dominating trastuzumab or producing highly favourable incremental cost-utility ratios of less than $10,000 per qaly. Conclusions Adjuvant T-DM1 monotherapy is a cost-effective strategy compared with trastuzumab alone in the treatment of patients with her2-positive ebc and residual invasive disease after neoadjuvant systemic treatment.
Comparison of Allergenic Properties among Commercially Available House Dust Mite Allergen Extracts in Korea

Precise allergy diagnosis and effective allergen specific immunotherapy are largely dependent on the quality of allergen extract. A new extract of Dermatophagoides farinae was commercially developed by Prolagen. The allergenic properties of the new extract were compared with those of other commercial products. The allergenic properties of the new extract were compared according to protein concentration, protein profiles, major allergen (Der f 1) contents, and allergenic potency to those for three commercially available extracts imported in Korea (Jubilant HollisterStier Allergy, Lofarma S.p.A., and Stallergenes Greer). Protein concentrations varied up to 2.62-fold (0.404 to 1.057 mg/mL), and Der f 1 contents varied up to 11.3-fold (3.597 to 40.688 µg/mL). Protein profiles of the extracts showed no major discrepancies, although there were some differences in SDS-PAGE band intensities, reflecting protein concentrations. Allergen potency ranged from 37038 to 60491 PAU/mL. The Prolagen product was highest in terms of protein concentration and allergen potency. The Lofarma product displayed Der f 1 content similar to that in Prolagen (19.4 µg/mg vs. 19.3 µg/mg). Endotoxin levels varied 8.9-fold (1020 to 8985 EU/mL). The newly developed house dust mite extract showed equal or better allergenic properties than available commercial extracts. This new product may be useful for better diagnostics and allergen-specific immunotherapeutics.