Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Misspecification in Moment Inequality Models: Back to Moment Equalities?

Consider the linear model E[y | x] = x'β where one is interested in learning about β given data on y and x and when y is interval measured; that is, we observe ([y'8 y1], x) such that P(y ∈ [y'8 y1]) = 1. Moment inequality procedures use the implication E[y0 | x] ≤ x'β ≤ E[y1 | x]. As compared to least squares in the classical regression model, estimates obtained using an objective function based on these moment inequalities do not provide a clear approximation to the underlying unobserved conditional mean function. Most importantly, under misspecification, it is not unusual that no parameter β satisfies the previous inequalities for all values of x, and hence minima of an objective function based on these moment inequalities are typically tight.We construct set estimates for β in the linear model that have a clear interpretation when the model is misspecified. These sets are based on moment equality models. We illustrate these sets and compare them to estimates obtained using moment inequality-based methods. In addition to the linear model with interval outcomes we also analyse the binary missing data model with a monotone instrument assumption (MIV), we find there that when this assumption is misspecified, bounds can still be non-empty, and can differ from parameters obtained via maximum likelihood. We also examine a bivariate discrete game with multiple equilibria. In sum, misspecification in moment inequality models is of a different flavour than in moment equality models, and so care should be taken with (1) the˙interpretation of the estimates and (2) the size of the ‘identified set’.
Route vs. Segment: An Experiment on Real‐Time Travel Information in Congestible Networks

We report the results of an experimental study of route choice in congestible networks with a common origin and common destination. In one condition, in each round of play network users independently committed themselves at the origin to a three‐segment route; in the other condition, they chose route segments sequentially at each network junction upon receiving en route information. At the end of each round, players received ex‐post complete information about the distribution of the route choices. Although the complexity of the network defies analysis by common users, traffic patterns in both conditions converged rapidly to the equilibrium solution. We account for the observed results by a Markov adaptive learning model postulating regret minimization and inertia. We find that subjects' learning behavior was similar across conditions, except that they exhibited more inertia in the condition with en route information.
ESTIMATING MARKET POWER BY RETAILERS IN THE ITALIAN PARMIGIANO REGGIANO AND GRANA PADANO CHEESE MARKET

In this paper, we evaluate the role of market power by retailers within the supply chain of Parmigiano Reggiano and Grana Padano, the two most famous Italian quality cheeses. Market power is analysed in the context of an imperfect competition model of the supply chain, in which retailers are allowed to exercise market power both downstream and upstream. We jointly estimate market power parameters together with supply and demand elasticities, by means of a structural system of demand, supply and price transmission equations, estimated using the Generalised Method of Moments. We find clear evidences of downstream market power by retailers (toward final consumers), and no evidences of upstream market power (toward processors/ripeners). These results may be justified by the structure of the supply chain and by the peculiar characteristics of the two cheeses.
Suivi 3D de nanoparticules d'or par holographie digitale

Nous presentons dans ce manuscrit un dispositif optique combinant l'holographie digitale et la microscopie en champ noir dans le but de suivre en trois dimensions des nanoparticules d'or en mouvement dans des fluides transparents ou des milieux biologiques. Ce montage permet a partir d'un seul hologramme de localiser simultanement plusieurs particules en mouvement dans un volume epais, avec une precision de localisation independante de la positions des particules. Nous rappelons tout d'abord le principe de l'holographie et nous dresserons un etat de l'art des techniques de suivi 3D existantes utilisant l'holographie digitale. Nous expliquons pourquoi l'utilisation d'une illumination en champ noir est necessaire a l'observation de nanoparticules, etant donne leur tres faible section efficace de diffusion. Ensuite, nous decrivons le dispositif mis en place ainsi que le logiciel developpe pour la reconstruction des hologrammes numeriques en temps reel. Enfin, nous presentons les resultats experimentaux obtenus sur des particules en mouvement brownien ainsi que des resultats preliminaires de localisation de nanoparticules injectees dans des cellules vivantes
On determining "Close equals groups" in decomposing redistributive and reranking effects.

Recently van De Van, Creedy and Lambert (2001) and Urban and Lambert (2008) have reconsidered the original Aronson, Johnson and Lambert (1994) decomposition of the redistributive effect in order to identify the optimal bandwidth that should be used in decomposing the redistributive effect when groups with close pre-tax incomes are considered. The methodology proposed by van De Van, Creedy and Lambert (2001) suggests choosing as the optimal bandwidth the one which maximizes the ratio between the potential effect V (which depends on the bandwidth) and the actual redistributive effect RE (which is invariant). Urban and Lambert (2008) discuss a set of further possible decompositions of the redistributive effect together with a decomposition of the Atkinson-Plotnick-Kakwani index into three terms. In this paper we want to throw some more light on the behavior of three of the main decompositions analyzed by Urban and Lambert (2008) in order to look for criteria to choose a bandwidth which allows the three different definitions of potential redistributive effect to be assumed as coherent as possible values and, in the meanwhile, to catch as much as possible of the potential vertical effect. We suggest looking for the bandwidth where the ratio between the maximum distance among the different potential vertical effect definitions and the minimum among the different potential vertical effects is minimum.
Chemical composition of essential oil from the bark of Croton cajucara Bentham

The essential oil from the bark of Croton cajucara Bentham, popularly known as sacaca or cajucara, was obtained by hydrodistillation, yielding 1.28% of the former bark mass, and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In total, 50 compounds were identified, with oxygenated sesquiterpenes composing the majority of components. The main compounds identified were: cyperene (12.36%), α-guaiene, (11.50%) and epi-β-Santalene (8.70%).
Weekend/weekday differences in concentrations of ozone, nox, and non-methane hydrocarbon in the metropolitan area of São Paulo

Ozone and inhalable particulate matter are the major air pollutants in the Metropolitan Area of Sao Paulo, Brazil, a region that has more than 19 million inhabitants and approximately 7 million registered vehicles. Proximity of roadways, adjacent land use, and local circulation are just some of the factors that can affect the results of monitoring of pollutant concentrations. The so-called weekend effect (higher ozone concentrations on weekends than on weekdays) might be related to the fact that concentrations of ozone precursors, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and Non Methane-Hydrocarbon (NMHC), are relatively lower on weekends. This phenomenon has been reported in some areas of the United States since the 1970s. The differences between the concentrations of ozone in period of weekend and weekday, were obtained from analysis of data hourly average of CETESB for 2004, studied the precursors to the formation of troposphere ozone, the meteorological variables and traffic profile for RMSP. Because of the proximity to sources of emissions from the station Pinheiros showed higher concentrations of NO and NO 2 and greater variations to the periods weekend and weekday. With fewer vehicles circulating during the weekend, and consequently less emission of pollutants, it has cleaner air and less concentration of NO and NO 2 , there is the ideal setting to the formation of troposphere ozone, despite the lower concentration of NO 2 . The proximity with the source emissions,
Physiological Characteristics of Bacillus sp. HR6 in the Process of Decomposing Bean Curd Refuse

Bacillus sp. HR6 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC6051 were compared in terms of their growth, activity of α -amylase, and pattern of heat evolution. Bacillus sp. HR6 grew faster than B. subtilis ATCC6051 at temperatures higher than 45 °C. The maximum activities of α -amylase were 304 and 280 U/ml for Bacillus sp. HR6 and B. subtilis ATCC6051, respectively. The highest activity of α-amylase from Bacillus sp. HR6 was observed at 70 °C, and more than 60% of that was still seen at 75 °C. In case of B. subtilis ATCC6051, the maximum activity was observed at 65 °C, and 30% of that was seen at 75 °C. A rapid heat evolution was found for Bacillus sp. HR6 in comparison with that for B. subtilis ATCC6051 when cultivation was initiated in bean curd refuse at 50 °C. However, there was no obvious difference in the heat evolution patterns between two strains at the starting temperature of 27 °C. These results suggest that Bacillus sp. HR6 has a higher activity in decomposing bean curd refuse than B. subtilis ATCC6051 at higher temperatures.
Antiplatelet Drugs in Coronary Artery Disease

Human platelets (PLTs) are anucleate, discoid small cells (2 4 μm by 0.5 μm) that normally circulate at concentrations of 150 400 x 109/L for a maximum of 10 days. They are primed to undergo explosive activation following damage from the vessel wall and play a central role in both primary hemostasis and arterial thrombosis, including adhesion, aggregation, and coagulation but also chemotaxis, inflammation, and proliferation. The normal vascular endothelium produces potent PLT inhibitors such as nitric oxide, prostacyclin and natural ADPase (CD39). However, once sub-endothelial components like collagen, fibronectin, laminin, or von Willebrand factor (vWF) become exposed, PLTs undergo a highly regulated set of functional responses including adhesion, followed by spreading, release reactions (degranulation), induction of pro-coagulant activity, microparticle formation, and clot retraction. These activities result in rapid formation of a vascular (white) plug, which then is stabilized by the activation of soluble plasma components resulting in the formation of fibrin and the inclusion of erythrocytes and leukocytes. This red plug initiates the healing process during which a part of fibrin is degraded again by fibrinolysis. Under physiological conditions thrombus formation is strongly limited to the region of the damaged vessel wall by inhibitory mechanisms of intact endothelial cells and the coagulation cascade. PLTs are enriched in surface glycoprotein (GP) receptors that mediate interactions among PLTs themselves, with the sub-endothelium and with white blood cells. PLTs also contain specific granules for the storage of calcium (Ca++), adenine/guanine nucleotides, and serotonin (dense bodies) and the storage of coagulation factors (e.g. vWF, FV), multimerin, thrombospondin-1, fibrinogen, IgE, growth factors (e.g. PDGF, TGF-┚, ECGF, EGF, VEGF, bFGF, IGF-I), and cytokines (e.g. PF4, RANTES) (┙ granules). Serotonin (5hydroxytryptamine) acts predominantly as a local vasoconstrictor but has also proinflammatory properties by stimulation of monocytes and attraction of T lymphocytes (IL16).
Enhanced TV as brand extension: TV viewers' perception of enhanced TV features and TV commerce on broadcast networks' web sites

Interactive TV and enhanced TV features on the Web have received enormous attention from the TV industry as the future direction of TV technology development (Kontzer 2001). Indeed, more than 78 per cent of U.S. Web users have visited a TV web site within the past year (Schlosberg 2000). Enhanced TV includes all the features of the Internet that can improve or enhance the viewing experience of TV viewers. Television programmers believe that enhanced TV can build viewer loyalty; and for cable networks, enhanced TV can increase subscriber retention and attract new subscribers (Fahey 2000; Griffin 1996).
A Note on Radamacher Cycles

It is proved that the fields Zp, p a prime number, can be partitioned into subsets of cardinality three if p ≡ 2 mod 3 (omitting the neutral elements). The subsets are formed by numbers which are related to each other by taking the successor of the dual in an iterated way. The same theorem holds if p ≡ 1m od 3, except that in this case there are also two equivalence classes of length one. These results are closely related with the Hecke congruence subgroups. 1. It is well known that the units in Zp ,p a prime number, form a multiplica- tive cyclic group, however these fields have also other patterns of cyclicity. We show that these fields have remarkable cyclic properties determined by duality and successors. These features are also shared, in some ways, with the rings Zm ,m ∈ N. It is quite possible that Radamacher (5) was aware of this cyclic properties when he exhibited presentations for the fuchsian groups Γ0(p) ,p a prime number, that is the transformation group associated to the group of matrices
Why are some BL Lacertaes detected by FErmi,but others not

By cross-correlating an archival sample of 170 BL Lacs with a 2 year Fermi/LAT AGN sample, we have compiled a sample of 100 BL Lacs with Fermi detection (FBLs) and a sample of 70 non-Fermi BL Lacs (NFBLs). We compared various parameters of FBLs with those of NFBLs, including the redshift, the low-frequency radio luminosity at 408 MHz (L-408 MHz), the absolute magnitude of host galaxies (M-host), the polarization fraction from the NVSS survey (P-NVSS), the observed arcsecond scale radio core flux at 5 GHz (F-core), and the jet Doppler factor. All these parameters are directly measured or derived from available data in the literature. We found that the Doppler factor is on average greater in FBLs than in NFBLs, and the Fermi gamma-ray detection rate is higher in sources with higher Doppler factor. In contrast, there are no significant differences in terms of the intrinsic parameters of redshift, L-408 MHz, M-host, and P-NVSS. FBLs seem to have a higher probability of exhibiting measurable proper motion. These results strongly indicate a stronger beaming effect in FBLs compared to NFBLs. The radio core flux is found to be strongly correlated with gamma-ray flux, which remains after excluding the common dependence of the Doppler factor. At the fixed Doppler factor, FBLs have systematically larger radio core flux than NFBLs, implying lower gamma-ray emission in NFBLs since the radio and gamma-ray flux are significantly correlated. Our results indicate that the Doppler factor is an important parameter of gamma-ray detection, that the non-detection of gamma-ray emission in NFBLs is probably due to low beaming and/or low intrinsic gamma-ray flux, and the gamma-rays are very likely produced cospatially with the arcsecond-scale radio core radiation and mainly through the SSC process.
Uncertainty quantification of film cooling effectiveness in gas turbines

In this study the effect of uncertainty of velocity ratio on jet in crossflow and particualrly film cooling performance is studied. Direct numerical simulations have been combined with a stochastic collocation approach where the parametric space is discretized using Multi-Element general Polynomial Chaos (ME-gPC) method. Velocity ratio serves as a bifurcation parameter in a jet in a crossflow and the dynamical system is shown to have several bifurcations. As a result of the bifurcations, the target functional is observed to have low-regularity with respect to the paramteric space. In that sense, ME-gPC is particularly effective in discretizing the parametric space. One particular case of a jet in a crossflow is numerically solved with the velocity ratio variations assumed to have a truncated Gaussian distribution with mean of 1.5 and the standard variation of approximately 0.5. Five elements are used to discretize the parametric space using ME-gPC method. Within each element general polynomial chaos of order 3 is used. A fast convergence of the polynomial expansion in the parametric space was observed. Time-dependent Navier-Stokes equations are sampled at Gauss-quadrature points using spectral/hp element method implemented in N κT αr. Overall due to the low-regularity of the response surface, ME-gPC is observed to be a computationally effective strategy to study the effect of uncertainty in a jet in a crossflow when velocity ratio is the random parameter.
Distribution of frogs in riparian areas of an urban forest fragment in Central Amazonia

This study aimed to evaluate how environmental variables (width of valley, stream size, forest edge distance, and leaf-litter depth) affect the abundance and richness of species of frog species in riparian areas of an urban forest fragment in Central Amazonia. The study was conducted at the campus of the Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil, between May 2008 and April 2009, when three nocturnal and diurnal samples were taken from ten plots. A total of 17 species belonging to seven families were registered. The number of species recorded per plot varied from seven to 14. We detected a relationship between the edge distance and richness: the plots with lower richness were located near the fragment border. The variables had no significant effect on abundance of each species.
Molecular Gas in Three z ∼ 7 Quasar Host Galaxies

We present ALMA band 3 observations of the CO(6–5), CO(7–6), and [C i] 369 μm emission lines in three of the highest-redshift quasar host galaxies at . These measurements constitute the highest-redshift CO detections to date. The target quasars have previously been detected in [C ii] 158 μm emission and the underlying FIR dust continuum. We detect (spatially unresolved, at a resolution of >2″, or ≳14 kpc) CO emission in all three quasar hosts. In two sources, we detect the continuum emission around 400 μm (rest-frame), and in one source we detect [C i] at low significance. We derive molecular gas reservoirs of (1–3) × 1010 in the quasar hosts, i.e., approximately only 10 times the mass of their central supermassive black holes. The extrapolated [C ii]-to-CO(1–0) luminosity ratio is 2500–4200, consistent with measurements in galaxies at lower redshift. The detection of the [C i] line in one quasar host galaxy and the limit on the [C i] emission in the other two hosts enables a first characterization of the physical properties of the interstellar medium in z ∼ 7 quasar hosts. In the sources, the derived global CO/[C ii]/[C i] line ratios are consistent with expectations from photodissociation regions, but not X-ray-dominated regions. This suggest that quantities derived from the molecular gas and dust emission are related to ongoing star-formation activity in the quasar hosts, providing further evidence that the quasar hosts studied here harbor intense starbursts in addition to their active nucleus.
Sustainable management of an exhaustible resource:a viable control model

We examine sustainability conditions of an economic production-consumption system based on the use of an exhaustible natural resource. But instead of studying the environmental and economic interactions in terms of optimal control, we pay much attention to the viability of the system. The ex ante viability, defined by a set of constraints combining a guaranteed consumption and a stock of resource to preserve at any time, refers to a Rawlsian intergenerational equity perspective. Using the mathematical concept of viability kernel dealing with the consistency between the constraints and the controlled dynamics, we reveal the sustainable technological configurations and, whenever possible, policies options and environmental-economic states to guarantee a perennial system. We point out the flexibility in “extractionconsumption” choices. Numerical simulations illustrate the general results. Key-words: Exhaustible resource, Sustainability, Viability kernel. JEL Classification: Q01, Q32, O13, C61. ∗THEMA (THeorie Economique, Modelisation et Applications). Universite Paris X-Nanterre, 200 Av. de la Republique, 92001 Nanterre Cedex, France. Email: vincent.martinet@u-paris10.fr †CNRS, CIRED (Centre International de Recherche pour l’Environnement et le Developpement), Campus Jardin Tropical de Paris, 45bis Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, 94736 Nogent sur Marne, France. Email: doyen@centre-cired.fr
Prospective Validation Of Heart Score For Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients.

BACKGROUND The HEART score is reported to be a useful tool for the assessment of suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients, however, data regarding its validity in our population is scarce. Therefore, aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic utility of the HEART score to predict major adverse cardiac events (MACE) within 6 weeks in patients presenting to emergency department with chest pain. METHODS This prospective observational study included suspected ACS patients presented with chest pain to the emergency department of a tertiary care cardiac center. Inclusion criteria for the study were consecutive adult patients with suspected ACS, patients with definite diagnosis of ACS based on history, electrocardiography (ECG), and cardiac enzymes were excluded from the study. HEART score was calculated and patients with ≥7 score were also excluded. MACE over the 6-weeks after discharge were observed. RESULTS Total of 281 patients were included in this analysis, 191 (68%) were male and mean age was 52.58±10.63 years. Mean HEART score was calculated to be 4.27±1.06 with 70.8% (199) in moderate risk [4-6]. Area under the curve of HEART score for the prediction of 6-weeks MACE was 0.874 [0.827-0.920] with MACE rate of 31.7% vs. 0% for low- and moderate-risk group respectively. CONCLUSIONS HEART score showed good discriminating power for the prediction of 6-weeks MACE. Risk of MACE for the patients with HEART score of 0-3 is very low and such patients can be discharged from ER without extensive cardiac workup with proper follow-up planned.
ASSOCIATIONOF PROINSULIN WITH CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN NONDIABETIC SUBJECTS

Background: There are data which suggest that high proinsulin concentration may be a better predictor for cardiovascular risk compared to insulin concentration. In this study we evaluated the relations between proinsulin and cardiovascular risk factors. We also evaluated the association between proinsulin and common carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). Methods: The study included 80 nondiabetic subjects (41 men and 39 women), free of coronary heart disease (CHD). Both intact proinsulin and insulin were measured by ELISA method. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in all individuals. Results: In univariate analysis intact proinsulin was associated positively with BMI, waist diameter and triglyceride in both sexes. Only in men proinsulin was positively associated with fibrinogen and negatively with HDL-cholesterol. After adjusting for BMI the correlations between intact proinsulin and cardiovascular risk factors and between fasting insulin and cardiovascular risk factors were no longer statistically significant. Fasting insulin and fasting intact proinsulin were not related to CIMT. Conclusions: Data suggest that fasting insulin and fasting intact proinsulin do not predict cardiovascular risk in nondiabetic subjects.