Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MotionWave - a tool for wavelet-based video transformation and visualization

MotionWave is a tool for the wavelet-based transformation of video sequences. It can display the original video in its spatial domain as well as its representation in the three-dimensional wavelet domain. MotionWave thus provides an interactive real-time mode and a volume visualization. The motivation for writing the tool was to provide an insight into the frequency domain of wavelet-transformed video. It should aid in discovering structures in the spatial grouping of wavelet coefficients in order to develop advanced compression methods.
Avaliação da efetividade de um programa de preparo para o parto

Introducao: Programas de preparo para o parto sao recomendados mundialmente para que se possa promover uma gravidez saudavel, com maior autonomia durante o trabalho de parto e parto, prevenindo desconfortos fisicos e altos niveis de ansiedade. Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade do Programa de Preparo para o Parto (PPP) na prevencao de dor, incontinencia urinaria, ansiedade na gestacao e resultados perinatais de nuliparas, comparativamente a gestantes que nao participaram do programa. Metodos: Foi realizado um ensaio controlado aleatorizado com 197 participantes, e um estudo qualitativo baseado em entrevistas semi-estruturadas com 21 participantes. Participaram nuliparas entre 16 e 40 anos, com idade gestacional ? 18 semanas, sem contraindicacao para realizar exercicios fisicos. O PPP consistiu de encontros no pre-natal que incluiu exercicios fisicos e informacoes sobre prevencao de dor na gravidez, papel da musculatura perineal, fisiologia do trabalho de parto e tecnicas de alivio da dor. Foram avaliadas: incontinencia urinaria, pratica de atividade fisica, lombalgia e dor pelvica posterior, ansiedade, variaveis perinatais, controle do trabalho de parto, tecnicas de alivio da dor e satisfacao com o parto. Resultados: As participantes do PPP tiveram menor risco de apresentar incontinencia urinaria nas avaliacoes intermediaria (RR 0,69; IC 95% 0,51-0,93) e final (RR 0,60; IC 95% 0,45-0,81), e referiram maior pratica de exercicio fisico (p=0,009). Nao houve diferencas em relacao ao nivel de ansiedade, algias lombopelvicas e dados perinatais. Na analise qualitativa, as participantes do PPP relataram maior controle do trabalho de parto, facilidade no uso das tecnicas de alivio da dor, utilizaram maior variedade de posicoes verticais e relataram uma maior satisfacao com o a experiencia do trabalho de parto e parto. Conclusao: O PPP foi efetivo no controle da incontinencia urinaria e na melhora da pratica de exercicios fisicos, aumentou a autonomia das mulheres no controle do trabalho de parto, promoveu maior satisfacao com o parto, e nao apresentou efeitos adversos maternos-fetais. Abstract
Pharmacogenetics, Race, and Psychiatry: Prospects and Challenges

&NA; Although the field of pharmacogenetics has existed for nearly 50 years, it has begun to enter mainstream clinical practice only recently. Researchers and clinicians have now demonstrated that a wide assortment of genetic variants influence how individuals respond to medications. Many of these variants are relevant for psychiatry, affecting how patients respond to most antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, and mood stabilizers. Enthusiasts hope that pharmacogenetics will soon usher in a new era of individualized medicine. However, determining the practical relevance of pharmacogenetic variants remains difficult, in part because of problems with study design and replication, and in part because a host of nongenetic factors (including age, diet, environmental exposures, and comorbid diseases) also influence how individuals respond to medications. Since individualized pharmacogenetic assessment remains difficult, some researchers have argued that race provides a convenient proxy for individual genetic variation, and that clinicians should choose medications and doses differently for different races. This approach remains extremely controversial because of the complexity of the genetic structure of the human population, the complexity of gene‐environment interactions, and the complexity of the meanings of race in the United States.
Dynamische Beanspruchungsmessung - Zusätzliche Beanspruchung durch Online-Rating?

Ziel der Forschungsarbeit ist die Entwicklung einer Methode zur kontinuierlichen Beanspruchungsmessung beim Fahren, um damit dynamisch die Auswirkungen von Belastungsfaktoren untersuchen zu konnen. N = 20 Probanden nahmen an einer Simulatorstudie teil, bei der sie neben der normalen Fahraufgabe kontinuierlich ihre subjektive Beanspruchung beurteilen sollten. Um mogliche Interferenzen zwischen der Sekundaraufgabe „Beanspruchungsrating“ und der Primaraufgabe „Fahren“ zu analysieren wurden sowohl die Ratingbedingung (wahrend versus nach der Fahrt) als auch die Ratingmethode (Tasten- versus Spracheingabe) variiert. Als Belastungsfaktoren wurden vier Fahrmanover sowie drei Streckenabschnitte untersucht. Es zeigen sich weder auf Verhaltens- noch auf subjektiver Ebene signifikante Haupteffekte der Ratingbedingung und der Ratingmethode. Dagegen zeigen sich die Einflusse der Belastungsfaktoren in vergleichbarer Grosenordnung bei den verschiedenen Ratingmethoden und Ratingbedingungen. Signifikante Wechselwirkungen weisen darauf hin, dass bei hoher Beanspruchung ein Rating uber Tasten wahrend der Fahrt schwierig sein konnte. Allerdings ist dieser Effekt nicht so stark, dass dadurch Effekte nicht mehr zu finden sind. Insgesamt findet sich damit keine grose zusatzliche Beanspruchung durch die hier vorgestellte Methode des Beanspruchungsratings wahrend der Fahrt, so dass dies fur entsprechende Untersuchungen gut genutzt werden kann.
Language-depedent I-Vectors for LRE15

A standard recipe for spoken language recognition is to apply a Gaussian back-end to i-vectors. This ignores the uncertainty in the i-vector extraction, which could be important especially for short utterances. A recent paper by Cumani, Plchot and Fer proposes a solution to propagate that uncertainty into the backend. We propose an alternative method of propagating the uncertainty.
Hepatitis C virus protein expression causes calcium‐mediated mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction and nitro‐oxidative stress

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection induces a state of oxidative stress that is more pronounced than that in many other inflammatory diseases. In this study we used well‐characterized cell lines inducibly expressing the entire HCV open‐reading frame to investigate the impact of viral protein expression on cell bioenergetics. It was shown that HCV protein expression has a profound effect on cell oxidative metabolism, with specific inhibition of complex I activity, depression of mitochondrial membrane potential and oxidative phosphorylation coupling efficiency, increased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, as well as loss of the Pasteur effect. Importantly, all these effects were causally related to mitochondrial calcium overload, as inhibition of mitochondrial calcium uptake completely reversed the observed bioenergetic alterations. Conclusion: Expression of HCV proteins causes deregulation of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis. This event occurs upstream of further mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to alterations in the bioenergetic balance and nitro‐oxidative stress. These observations provide new insights into the pathogenesis of hepatitis C and may offer new opportunities for therapeutic intervention. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.)
Improving Search Speed on Pointer-Based Large Data Structures Using a Hierarchical Clustering Copying Algorithm

The increasing processor-memory performance gap makes improving the cache locality as important as the virtual memory locality. In many applications, especially in search algorithms on pointer-based large data structures, breadth-first copying algorithms increase cache misses, page faults and TLB misses. Since the depth-first copying only achieves limited locality improvement, several clustering copying algorithms have been proposed. In this paper, we propose "hierarchical clustering" which groups data objects at multiple hierarchical levels and provides better locality at both the cache and virtual memory levels of the memory hierarchy. We also propose a new copying algorithm for the hierarchical clustering, which uses multiple scan pointers and bounded workspace. Our copying algorithm almost always outperforms other algorithms; after copying, two representative microbenchmarks, employing a search tree and an array of associative lists, run approximately two (sometimes five) times faster than breadth-first copying.
Lecciones de economía española

Como en las nueve ocasiones precedentes (la primera data de 1993), la decima edicion de esta obra actualiza y mejora la anterior, buscando el contenido y la forma que mas adecuadamente contribuyan a explicar los componentes y rasgos que definen la estructura economica de la Espana de nuestro tiempo. Esta decima entrega, cuyas paginas recogen la honda crisis economica con que arranca el segundo decenio del siglo xxi, ofrece dos aportaciones de orden didactico: primera, una seleccion de ejercicios -uno por cada leccion, veinte en total-, debidamente resueltos, utiles para la preparacion de las clases practicas que ya hoy, en el escenario del «proceso de Bolonia», son el complemento exigido de la docencia universitaria; segunda, la vinculacion de su contenido a una direccion electronica (http://www.leccionesdeeconomia.es) donde se ofrecen materiales adicionales organizados para que, en cada leccion, alumnos y profesores hallen un cuestionario sobre el contenido, recuadros que facilitan la comprension del texto, orientacion bibliografica, vinculos directos con bases de datos y otras direcciones de interes, cuadros en formato Excel de los ejercicios y, en fin, un amplio catalogo de otros ejercicios resueltos.La pluralidad de firmas que reune Lecciones de economia espanola -once son las universidades espanolas representadas por los autores- no obsta para que, con redoblado empeno, sus paginas aspiren a constituir un manual unitario, bien ensamblado y con pautas homogeneas.
Three-step reconstruction of complex saddle nose deformities.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate a reproducible surgical technique for augmentation rhinoplasty of complex saddle nose deformities, which are characterized by substantial loss of nasal structural support and result in multiple nasal abnormalities. DESIGN Case series and surgical outcome study. SETTING Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS A total of 43 patients (32 female and 11 male; mean +/- SD age, 36 +/- 12 years) with complex saddle nose deformities and extensive loss of nasal volume, shape, and support who underwent reconstructive surgery between 1997 and 1999. INTERVENTION A standardized 3-step surgical procedure using autogenous costal cartilage. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Assessment of additional nasal abnormalities, graft recipient site conditions, postoperative complications, postoperative analgesic consumption, and subjective outcome assessed with a standardized telephone interview 2 years following surgery. RESULTS Besides nasal abnormalities characteristic of complex saddle nose deformities, several additional nasal abnormalities were frequently encountered. Forty of the 43 patients had undergone previous septorhinoplasty, 26 of whom through multiple procedures. One transplant extrusion was recorded, which required revision surgery. In 8 patients, minor surgical corrections were performed. Nasal airflow was judged satisfactory or good by 30 of the 37 patients who were contacted by telephone and aesthetic appearance was considered good by 17, satisfactory by 10, and unsatisfactory by 10. CONCLUSIONS Three-step nasal reconstruction with costal cartilage is indicated in severe saddle nose deformities. It is a comparatively reliable surgical procedure yielding satisfying results even in patients with severe deformities and unfavorable recipient site conditions.
Full abstraction for first-order objects with recursive types and subtyping

We present a new interpretation of typed object-oriented concepts in terms of well-understood, purely procedural concepts, that preserves observational equivalence. More precisely, we give compositional translations of (a) Ob/sub 1/spl mu//, an object calculus supporting method invocation and functional method update with first-order object types and recursive types, and (b) Ob/sub 1<:/spl mu//, an extension of Ob/sub 1/spl mu// with subtyping, that are fully abstract on closed terms. The target of the translations are a first-order /spl lambda/-calculus with records and recursive types, with and without subtyping. The translation of the calculus with subtyping is subtype-preserving as well.
INITIALIZATION OF MULTI-BERNOULLI RANDOM-FINITE-SETS OVER A SENSOR TREE

We study a framework of multi-target state initialization employed over a tree-like sensor network. Such network provides graceful aggregation of target state statistics by exploiting limited bandwidth, and makes it possible to approximate the target states based on particle filtering defined in the context of Random-FiniteSet (RFS) theory. This contrasts with conventional multi-target filtering approach based on RFS over a star topology. In the tree structure, the root sensor node launches the initialization and passes messages downward to its leaf sensors. Each leaf sensor node collects upward messages from its subsidiary nodes and updates target state statistics. We implement the initialization process through the Sequential Monte-Carlo (SMC) method, which requires the sampling and re-sampling steps different from that in a non-RFS type initialization and aggregation.
Gastric digestion of α-lactalbumin in adult human subjects using capsule endoscopy and nasogastric tube sampling

In the present study, structural changes in the milk protein α-lactalbumin (α-LA) and its proteolysis were investigated for the potential formation of protein–fatty acid complexes during in vivo gastric digestion. Capsule endoscopy allowed visualisation of the digestion of the test drinks, with nasogastric tubes allowing sampling of the gastric contents. A total of ten healthy volunteers had nasogastric tubes inserted into the stomach and ingested test drinks containing 50 g/l of sucrose and 25 g/l of α-LA with and without 4 g/l of oleic acid (OA). The samples of gastric contents were collected for analysis at 3 min intervals. The results revealed a rapid decrease in the pH of the stomach of the subjects. The fasting pH of 2·31 (sd 1·19) increased to a pH maxima of pH 6·54 (sd 0·29) after ingestion, with a subsequent decrease to pH 2·22 (sd 1·91) after 21 min (n 8). Fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform IR spectroscopy revealed partial protein unfolding, coinciding with the decrease in pH below the isoelectric point of α-LA. The activity of pepsin in the fasting state was found to be 39 (sd 12) units/ml of gastric juice. Rapid digestion of the protein occurred: after 15 min, no native protein was detected using SDS–PAGE; HPLC revealed the presence of small amounts of native protein after 24 min of gastric digestion. Mirocam® capsule endoscopy imaging and video clips (see the online supplementary material) revealed that gastric peristalsis resulted in a heterogeneous mixture during gastric digestion. Unfolding of α-LA was observed during gastric transit; however, there was no evidence of a cytotoxic complex being formed between α-LA and OA.
Operating and Runtime Systems Challenges for HPC Systems

Future HPC systems will be characterized by extreme heterogeneity. We will see increasing heterogeneity in virtually every aspect of node architecture from computational engines to memory systems. We will see increasing heterogeneity in applications, including heterogeneity within applications (as previously independent applications are composed to build new applications). We will see increasing heterogeneity in system usage models; in some cases, the HPC system is not the most precious resource being managed. We will also see increasing heterogeneity in the shared services (e.g., storage and visualization systems) that are connected to HPC systems. All of this increasing heterogeneity is certain to create new challenges in the design and implementation of operating and runtime systems. There will be new kinds of resources to manage and many resource management tactics will be invented (and some re-discovered and adapted) to address the new heterogeneity. In essence, we will tacitly agree that the operating and runtime systems need to adapt to enable the inevitable integration of new technologies, applications, usage models, and shared services. While this agreement is critical for our ability to make incremental progress, we, as a community, must step back and ask the relevant question: Does the OS or runtime system bear the brunt of the adaptation, or will we be able to insist on changes in the technologies, applications, and environment? In the past decade, we have seen a similar tradeoff play out between the application teams and the architects of computational engines: how much floating point precision is required and how is this precision implemented? How can we define similar tradeoffs that are important in the design and implementation of operating and runtime systems?
The effect of dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV inhibition on bone in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes

Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at greater risk of bone fractures than those without diabetes. Certain oral diabetic medications may further increase the risk of fracture. Dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV (DPP‐IV) inhibitors are incretin‐based therapies that are being increasingly used for the management of T2D. It has been hypothesized that these agents may reduce fracture risk in those with T2D. In this study, we used a mouse model of T2D to examine the effects of the DPP‐IV inhibitor, MK‐0626, on bone.
Light source separation from image sequences of oscillating lights

Light has a significant influence on the color of objects in the image. Sometimes scene light is comprised of mixture of several light sources, and this mixture makes it hard to achieve color constancy across the image. Having precise control over the intensity of the light sources at the capturing stage, can enable an easy light source separation by turning on a single light source for each captured frame. In other cases - prior knowledge on the cyclic behavior of the light intensity over time can be used instead, by describing each light source as a set of base functions. This enables the reconstruction of the light sources by means of inner multiplication of the video scene with the base functions. This analysis method assumes that the signal is linear, but this assumption fails when secularities or high illuminance values cause clipping or when low light conditions causes noise to be apparent in the image. By using a cyclic High Dynamic Range (HDR) sampling method the scene becomes linear and good reconstruction results are obtained. Two experiments are used to demonstrate the approach. The first shows the decomposition of two oscillating light sources and the second the decomposition of an oscillating light and sunlight.
Interactions Between Anti‐Infective Agents and Immunosuppressants in Solid Organ Transplantation

Infectious diseases are among the leading complications of immunosuppression for solid organ transplantation (1). The first few months posttransplant are particularly critical because immunosuppression is usually at high levels, acute rejection episodes are most likely to occur during this time frame requiring further increases in immunosuppression, and patients are receiving anti-infective prophylaxis (2). However, it is essential for the clinician to consider drug interactions and infectious complications for the life of the recipient. Although the risk of infection is highest in the first year posttransplant, the risk of infection may increase at any time during the posttransplant course when the patient’s cumulative immunosuppressive state is enhanced (e.g. during treatment of rejection episodes when immunosuppression is intensified; Ref. 3). In addition, infectious diagnosis may be complicated by lack of signs and symptoms of inflammation, alterations in anatomy as a result of transplant surgery, denervation of the transplanted graft and preexisting diseases (4). Optimal treatment of specific infections, therefore, should be guided not only by knowledge of the pathogen’s susceptibility to antimicrobial agents but also by the effects the agents will have on the pharmacokinetics and/or pharmacodynamics of the immunosuppressants that the patient is receiving.
Dynamics of voltage stability in a multimachine system

In this paper, dynamics of voltage stability in a multimachine system is investigated. To obtain dynamics of voltage stability, static and dynamic techniques are used. This study shows that the use of static approach is limited in determining the dynamic behavior of voltage stability. Results of time domain simulation are presented to clarify the phenomenon of voltage instability. The results show the importance of maintaining the voltage control capability of generators. It has been shown that the dynamic characteristics of load influence the dynamics of voltage stability.
Complex interaction of the sleep-wake cycle and circadian phase modulates mood in healthy subjects.

BACKGROUND Several studies of healthy volunteers have revealed that subjective mood may vary with the duration of prior wakefulness and with the time of day. However, in these studies, the effects of extended wakefulness and circadian phase remained confounded, and the interaction of these 2 processes could not be assessed quantitatively. METHODS In the present study, a total of 24 healthy young subjects (16 men, 8 women) lived on a 30-hour sleep-wake schedule for 19 to 23 days or on a 28-hour sleep-wake schedule for 33 to 36 days; both schedules induced desynchrony between the subjects' sleep-wake cycle and their endogenous circadian pacemaker. Subjective mood was assessed by 2 types of visual analog scales, which were administered twice every 2 hours and every 20 minutes, respectively, during all scheduled wakefulness episodes. A circadian phase and an interval elapsed since awakening were attributed to each data point, and circadian and wake-dependent fluctuations of mood were assessed. RESULTS A significant variation of mood with circadian phase was observed, but no reliable main effect of the duration of prior wakefulness was found. A statistically significant interaction of circadian and wake-dependent fluctuations was evident; when the analysis was restricted to specific circadian phases, mood improved, deteriorated, or remained stable with the duration of prior wakefulness. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that, in healthy young subjects, subjective mood is influenced by a complex and nonadditive interaction of circadian phase and duration of prior wakefulness. The nature of this interaction is such that moderate changes in the timing of the sleep-wake cycle may have profound effects on subsequent mood.
STRUCTURAL RACISM AND HEALTH INEQUITIES

Abstract Racial minorities bear a disproportionate burden of morbidity and mortality. These inequities might be explained by racism, given the fact that racism has restricted the lives of racial minorities and immigrants throughout history. Recent studies have documented that individuals who report experiencing racism have greater rates of illnesses. While this body of research has been invaluable in advancing knowledge on health inequities, it still locates the experiences of racism at the individual level. Yet, the health of social groups is likely most strongly affected by structural, rather than individual, phenomena. The structural forms of racism and their relationship to health inequities remain under-studied. This article reviews several ways of conceptualizing structural racism, with a focus on social segregation, immigration policy, and intergenerational effects. Studies of disparities should more seriously consider the multiple dimensions of structural racism as fundamental causes of health disparities.