Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of forest fire on the Squirrel and Tree Shrew community dynamic in Southern Sumatra

A study to investigate the effect of forest fire on the dynamic of squirrel and tree shrew community was conducted in the south of Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP), Lampung, Indonesia. The park is surrounded by agricultural and plantation areas but contains some of the largest intact tracts of lowland forest remaining on the island which undergoing the most rapid forest conversion. The study focused on 8 squirrel (Ratufa bicolor, R. affinis, Callosciurus notatus, C. nigrovittatus, Sundasciurus hippurus, S. lowii, S. tenuis, and Lariscus insignis; Mammalia: Rodentia) and 3 tree shrew species (Tupaia tana, T. glis and T. minor; Mammalia: Scandentia) and described how pre- and post-fire conditions of habitat affect the density and distribution of squirrels and tree shrews in the study area. Data were collected before the fire in 1997, then each year subsequently after that until 2001. The study showed that density was significantly lower after the fire and in the burned area. The ground dwelling species were the most suffered species as fire destroyed their preferred disturbed habitat more severely than the undisturbed ones. The study has showed that fire caused changes in habitats and would change the structure of the animal community.
Inter- and intra-population morphological differences between wild and farmed Atlantic salmon juveniles

Whether population-specific morphological differences were detectable in small (26–52 mm) Atlantic salmon Salmo salar parr reared under similar conditions was tested. Discrimination based on morphological characters was total (100%) between the fish of farmed origin (from AquaGen) and four wild fish populations. Between the four wild populations the corresponding discrimination was 59·8–86·3%. The inter-population variation in morphological characters was larger than the intra-population variation. The fish originating from the local populations at Driva and Innfjord were narrower in body form, whereas fish from the AquaGen and Innfjord populations had smaller and less pointed heads with smaller eyes. The Driva population fish had the smallest mouth while the longest pectoral fin was found in the Bjoreio population, the river that also has the largest fall gradient. Population-specific morphological characters were thus detectable among Atlantic salmon parr relatively rapidly after yolk absorption.
Contribution of DNA-typing to bushmeat surveys: assessment of a roadside market in south-western Nigeria

Context Following recent socioeconomic transformations in western and central Africa, the volume of bushmeat hunting, a traditional source of proteins and revenue for rural populations, has reached unsustainable levels. The morphological identification of species sold on bushmeat market stalls may be challenging because of the presence of cryptic taxa and smoked or processed carcasses. Aims To assess the contribution of DNA-typing to traditional bushmeat surveys. We conducted a case study at a roadside bushmeat market in Asejire, south-western Nigeria, to characterise the mammalian diversity and sketch out the dynamics of the bushmeat trade. Methods We generated a 402-bp Cytochrome b fragment using a ‘universal’ mitochondrial primer pair that successfully amplified across five mammalian orders, and used assignment procedures to assess the taxonomic identification of the traded species. We combined DNA-typing with morphological-based market surveys and questionnaires to half (n = 20) of the market stakeholders. Key results Our combined morphological–DNA-based survey revealed a total of 17 species, representing seven mammalian orders (Rodentia, Lagomorpha, Primates, Hyracoidea, Carnivora, Pholidota and Artiodactyla). DNA-typing allowed identifying the Walter’s duiker, a cryptic, newly described species from the Dahomey Gap, and diagnosing an unidentified primate as the white-throated monkey, Cercopithecus erythrogaster, a species of high conservation concern in Nigeria. K2P pairwise genetic distances among all species exceeded the 11% threshold, indicative of species-level distinction. The most hunted species were the Walter’s duiker and, to a lesser extent, the greater cane rat, Thryonomys swinderianus. Questionnaires to traders revealed that the Asejire roadside market was a straightforward trader–hunter system centralising off-takes from distant hunting sites. Conclusions We showed how mitochondrial DNA-typing combined with assignment procedures improved the characterisation of the mammalian diversity sold on bushmeat markets. The hunted mammalian community consisted of versatile, small- to medium-sized secondary forest species characteristic of the Dahomey Gap assemblage; their sustainable management is in doubt because of the lack of conservation and health awareness within the traders’ community. Implications Given the utility of mitochondrial DNA-typing in identifying species sold in bushmeat markets, we argue in favour of multi-entry investigations to reach a comprehensive characterisation of the bushmeat trade. The building of a web-accessible mtDNA database covering the spectrum of the species hunted for bushmeat would appear to be a valuable diagnostic tool that may help Nigeria and neighbouring countries to set up a rigorous monitoring of wildlife extirpation.
Revision of Marenzelleria Mesnil, 1896 (Spionidae, Polychaeta)

Marenzelleria is revised on the basis of material from the Arctic, North America, Europe and the Far East. Types of all species included in the genus are examined. Five species are registered. Marenzelleria neglecta sp. nov. is described from the coastal waters of the southern Baltic. Two species, M. arctia and M. wireni, occur in the Arctic, whereas M. viridis and Marenzelleria sp. A are found in coastal waters of the Atlantic. Marenzelleria neglecta occurs both in arctic and boreal estuaries. Complete description of Marenzelleria sp. A must await additional material. A generic diagnosis and a key to the species are given.
Adaptive Balanced Allocation for Peer Assessments

SUMMARY Peer assessments, in which people review the works of peers and have their own works reviewed by peers, are useful for assessing homework. In conventional peer assessment systems, works are usually allocated to people before the assessment begins; therefore, if people drop out (abandoning reviews) during an assessment period, an imbalance occurs between the number of works a person reviews and that of peers who have reviewed the work. When the total imbalance increases, some people who diligently complete reviews may su ﬀ er from a lack of reviews and be discouraged to participate in future peer assessments. Therefore, in this study, we adopt a new adaptive allocation approach in which people are allocated review works only when requested and propose an algorithm for allocating works to people, which reduces the total imbalance. To show the e ﬀ ectiveness of the proposed algorithm, we provide an upper bound of the total imbalance that the proposed algorithm yields. In addition, we extend the above algorithm to consider reviewing ability. The extended algorithm avoids the problem that only unskilled (or skilled) reviewers are allocated to a given work. We show the e ﬀ ectiveness of the proposed two algorithms compared to the existing algorithms through experiments using simulation data.
The Comparative Study of Teachers as Reform Leaders in Middle School Between Hong Kong and Mainland

This proposal compares and analyzes the development trends of middle school teacher education reforms in the Mainland and Hong Kong. The common problems and countermeasures in the reform of teacher education in the two places under the new situation are explored. In the development prospects of the new era, teacher leadership, has unique significance, functions, and characteristics. This proposal attempts to explore new influencing factors and meanings of teacher as reform leaders in practice and expects to be worthy of attention and enlightenment. It gives the existing teacher leadership research a practical basis to promote the important content of education modernization and education equity, thereby improving school quality.
Introgressive hybridization in fishes: the biochemical evidence

Biochemical methods can detect variation at individual genetic loci, making possible the direct assessment of natural hybridization and introgression between fish populations. Protein electro-phoresis has been used to confirm and extend knowledge of many situations where species hybrids have been detected by morphological analyses. New cases of natural hybridization, including some at the subspecies level, have also been identified. Biochemical studies have provided the first conclusive evidence of natural post F1 hybrids and of introgression between fish taxa. The strongest cases for introgression have used a combined analysis of nuclear protein genes and taxaspecific maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA variation. Information on the significance of introgression as a source of gene flow between taxa, particularly below the species level where sympatric subspecies and sibling species are involved, should expand in the future as the numbers and types of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA loci which can be assayed for variation increase. The full importance of introgressive hybridization in speciation may then be understood.
Oceanic pelagic prey of benthopelagic fish in the benthic boundary layer of a marginal oceanic region

The availability of oceanic plankton and micronekton to the benthopelagic fish assemblages on the slopes of the Rockall Trough, a marginal region of the northeast Atlantic deep-sea environment, is examined. The vertical distribution of pelagic species predated by the fish was determined in the off-slope water column, as were the depths at which they are predated by the fish in the benthic boundary layer of the slope. The benthopelagic fish predated pelagic species a t depths on thta slope corresponding to the daytime depths of the pelagic prey. The occurrence of these pelagic species a t the benthic boundary layer is primarily through truncation of their pelagic vertical distributions rather than horizontal impingement, although this does occur: thls applies not only to epiand mesopelagic but also to the bathypelagic species which can even reach abyssal sediments. Die1 vertical migration of the pelagic species did not make them available to slope fishes in shallower depths presumably because vertical migration is strictly upwards within the pelagic water column and not u p the contours of the slope sediment.
Carcass yield of three genetic groups of broiler chickens submitted to diets with different protein levels

Este experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o rendimento de carcaca de tres grupos geneticos de frangos de corte, produzidos na UFV, denominados UFV1, UFV2 e UFV3, alimentados com racao unica na fase inicial e racoes isoenergeticas contendo 16,5; 18,0; 19,5; e 21,0% de proteina bruta (PB) na fase final. Duzentos e quarenta pintos de cada grupo genetico, no total de 720 pintos, foram alojados em 48 boxes ate 42 dias de idade. No 43o dia, dois machos e duas femeas, de cada box, foram pesados e abatidos para determinacao do rendimento de carcaca. O delineamento experimental usado foi o inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 3 x 4 x 2 (grupo genetico, nivel de proteina e sexo), com quatro repeticoes, num total de 192 aves. Os valores dos dados de duas aves por sexo foram usados para o calculo da media. Houve diferenca entre grupos geneticos para rendimentos de carcaca, peito e coxa, e o grupo UFV1 apresentou os melhores resultados. Entre sexo, os machos foram superiores nos rendimentos de coxa e sobre-coxa, porem observaram-se maiores rendimentos de peito e gordura abdominal para as femeas. A medida que o nivel de PB da racao aumentou, o rendimento de carcaca e gordura abdominal reduziu e o de coxa aumentou (efeito linear). Nao foi verificado efeito significativo de interacao simples dos fatores grupo genetico, niveis de proteina e sexo.
Flexibility In Mathematics: Case Of Open-Ended Graphing Task In College Algebra

This study aims to analyze the flexibility in Mathematics seen from the students work in working with graphing task in the College Algebra course. Flexibility is one of important aspects in problem solving which builds capability to connect the existing knowledge with the previous knowledge by extracting the information needed to be used in solving the problem. This connection will build the robust conceptual understanding. Researcher starts to routinize the flexibility in the teaching process by emphasizing the use of discussion, exploration, and analysis to train students see the specific information among concepts. Researcher also used flexible type questions to routinize the reversibility thought of students. After the teaching process, to assess the flexibility performance of students, researcher gives 4 open-ended graphing questions with different number of competences covered. Interview is also conducted for further investigation. The results showed that students are successfully developed their flexibility in Mathematics regardless their level of Mathematical ability. Their conceptual understanding is also improved, justified by the ability to give the reason of every answer they have made. However, the flexibility performance of students gets weaker when working with more linked competences in a question.
Effect of Protein and Calcium Microparticle feeding with Lactobacillus acidophilus or Citric Acid on Meat Quality

This research aims to determine the effect of administering a combination feed of calcium microparticle protein with Lactobacillus acidophilus or citric acid on fat digestibility and the meat of broiler chicken. The cattle used in this research are 15 days old broiler chickens, amounted in 160 chickens. The study uses complete random design (RAL) with 5 treatments and 4 repeat treatmens (8 chickens each). The treatment applied were as follows: T0 (non-microbial feed (protein 21%)), T1 (non-microparticle feed (18% protein + Lactobacillus acidophilus 1.2 ml (108 CFU/ml)), T2 (non-microparticle feed (18% protein + Citric acid 1.2%), T3 (Microparticle feed (18%) + Lactobacillus acidophilus 1.2 ml (108 CFU/ml)), T4 (microparticle feed (18% protein + Citric acid 1.2%). The observed parameters are the digestibility of fat, fat mass of meat, the percentage of abdominal fat and the increase in body weight. The analyzed data results were variegated and continued using Duncan's multiple range test at a 5% probability. Treatment was given from the age of 15 days to 42 days. The results of the study show that the digestibility of fats that had the treatment of feeding protein and calcium microparticles with the addition of real effect Lactobacillus acidophilus is lower than the T0 and T2 but not unlike the T1 and T4 (P<0.05). The fat mass of meat and abdominal fats in the T4 treatment has a real difference (P<0.05) and at the lowest of the T0, T1 and T2 but different from T3. Higher weight increase in T3 treatment is compared to T1, T2 and T4 but not different from T0. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that feeding microparticles of protein and calcium with Lactobacillus acidophilus 1.2 ml can decrease fat digestibility and increase weight gain but not in the fat mass of meat and abdominal fat percentage. Keywords : broiler, citric acid, Lactobacillus acidophilus , microparticle.
Comparative studies on the biology of dryinid wasps in Japan. 6. Hibernation and development of Haplogonatopus atratus Esaki et Hashimoto (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) on overwintering leaf- and planthoppers (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha).

松江市の水田と畦畔で越冬しているウンカ・ヨコバイ類に寄生しているクロハラカマバチの寄生率,越冬ステージと発育などについて1982, 1983, 1985, 1986年に調査した。 クロハラカマバチはヒメトビウンカ,シロオビウンカの幼虫体内で越冬していた。 また,ナカガワカマバチはヒメトビウンカ幼虫に寄生させると,それの体内で越冬できる。 キアシカマバチは繭内で越冬したが,寄主であるトビイロウンカは越冬できないので,羽化後,死亡すると考えられる。 クロハラカマバチの被寄生寄主数は12月中旬以降急激に減少した。 寄生率は11月上旬から12月上旬に上昇したが,12月中旬以降は比較的安定した。 春季における寄生率は調査年度によって9. 3∼34.4%の範囲内で変動した。 越冬期のクロハラカマバチの発育ステージは大部分が1齢幼虫で,一部が2齢幼虫であった。 これら越冬世代幼虫の寄主離脱開始は4月の中旬から下旬の間となった。 この寄主離脱時期は春季の気温の影響をうけていた。 また,寄主離脱期は寄主の5齢幼虫から離脱したものが成虫から離脱したものより早かった。 成虫の出現開始は幼虫の寄主離脱開始後約3週間後の5月上旬から中旬であった。 寄主であるヒメトビウンカ第1世代幼虫の孵化開始はクロハラカマバチ成虫出現開始の約1週間前にあたり,クロハラカマバチの成虫出現期と同調していた。 クロハラカマバチの繭からの成虫出現時刻は大部分が6:00∼9:00であった。 越冬世代の成虫の性比は雌にやや偏っていた。
Metabolic control analysis and regulation of the conversion of sucrose to starch in growing potato tubers

Starch is of great importance both as a carbon storage reserve in plants and as a biotechnologically important product. The potato tuber is an attractive model system for the study of starch metabolism, because it is a relatively homogenous tissue in which conversion of sucrose to starch represents the dominant metabolic flux. All the major genes of the potato tuber sucrose to starch pathway have been cloned in recent years, allowing the generation of a suite of antisense transgenic lines to be produced in which the activity of each individual enzyme in the pathway is progressively decreased. Investigations of these plants have provided a complete picture of the distribution of control in this important pathway. Sucrose synthase, UGPase, hexokinase, cytosolic phosphoglucomutase, plastidial phosphoglucomutase, the amyloplastidial adenylate translocator, AGPase, starch synthase and starch branching enzyme have flux control coefficients (FCCs) of 0.10, approximating 0.00, approximating 0.00, 0.15, 0.23, 0.98, 0.35, 0.12 and approximating 0.00 for starch accumulation. These results show that the majority of the control on starch accumulation in potato tubers resides in the transfer of adenylate between the cytosol and the amyloplast, with a minor contribution being made by the first two steps of the plastidial starch synthesis pathway (the reactions catalysed by plastidial phosphoglucomutase and AGPase). This contrasts with leaves, in which the majority of the control has been found to reside in the reactions catalysed by plastidial phosphoglucomutase and AGPase. In leaves, ATP for starch synthesis is generated within the plastid via photophosphorylation. Several studies have attempted to increase the rate of starch synthesis by overexpressing pathway enzymes in tubers. The results of these studies and the role of other ATP producers in the starch synthetic process are reviewed. In the same time period methods of non-aqueous fractionation have been adapted to potato tuber tissue in order to ascertain subcellular metabolite levels. Results obtained from these studies allow the calculation of mass action ratios of the constitutive enzymes of the sucrose to starch transition. When taken together with the known regulatory properties of these enzymes the combination of broad control analysis studies and assessment of the mass action ratios of the respective enzymes allows a comprehensive description of this important metabolic network. Some illustrative examples of how this network responds to environmental change are presented. Finally implications of this whole pathway evaluation for more general studies of plant metabolic pathways and networks are discussed.
Genetic characterization of Gremmeniella abietina var. abietina isolates from Spain

The taxonomic placement of Spanish isolates of Gremmeniella abietina var. abietina (Gaa) (race and biotype) was determined, for the first time, using RAPD markers and comparison of RAPD patterns for Spanish isolates and those originating from different regions of Europe and North America. Fifteen Spanish isolates of Gaa were isolated from recently dead shoots of 10 Pinus halepensis trees. Additionally, 17 isolates of Gaa from Canada, Finland, Switzerland and the USA, previously characterized according to race and biotype, were used. Five primers, previously reported to yield readable, reproducible and polymorphic fragments, were used in PCR reactions. The results showed that the Spanish isolates represent the European race and not the Alpine or northern biotypes. Spanish isolates appear to be clearly separated from all other biotypes within the EU race and preliminary data suggest that Spanish isolates have low genetic variability.
Boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation in a superparameterized GCM: effects of air-sea coupling and ocean mean state

Abstract. The effect of air-sea coupling on the simulated boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) is examined using atmosphere—ocean-mixed-layer coupled (SPCAM3-KPP) and uncoupled configurations of the Super-Parameterized (SP) Community Atmospheric Model, version 3 (SPCAM3). The coupled configuration is constrained to either the observed ocean mean state or the mean state from the SP coupled configuration with a dynamic ocean (SPCCSM3), to understand the effect of mean state biases on the BSISO in the latter. All configurations overestimate summer mean subtropical rainfall and its intraseasonal variance. All configurations simulate realistic BSISO northward propagation over the Indian Ocean and western Pacific, in common with other SP configurations. Constraining SPCAM3-KPP to the SPCCSM3 mean state reduces the overestimated BSISO variability, but also weakens BSISO propagation. Using the SPCCSM3 mean state also introduces a one-month delay to the BSISO seasonal cycle compared to SPCAM3-KPP with the observed ocean mean state, which matches well with the reanalysis. The phase relationship between intraseasonal rainfall and sea surface temperature (SST) is captured by all coupled models, but with a shorter delay between suppressed convection and warm SST relative to the reanalysis. Prescribing the 31-day smoothed SSTs from the SPCAM3-KPP simulations in SPCAM3 worsens the overestimated BSISO variance. This suggests that air-sea coupling improves the amplitude of the simulated BSISO. Based on a Taylor diagram, SPCCSM3 mean state SST biases and air-sea coupling both lead to higher simulated BSISO fidelity, largely due to their ability to suppress the overestimated subtropical BSISO variance.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Communication Research on Artificial Intelligence and Big Data

The development of artificial intelligence (AI), big data and other communication technologies have multiple implications for the consumption and production of media content. Communication researchers have recently discussed several methodological and thematic challenges, ranging from the ways in which they disrupt the news production and consumption, to the digital transformation of the media and content ecosystems. With the aim to provide a systematic overview of the latest development of communication research in relation to AI and Big Data, this paper has mapped out the main sources, disciplines, and keywords based on a bibliometric analysis of 685 articles collected from Web of Science database. The findings show that the main clusters are “Communication and Sociology”, “Journalism”, and “Information and Telecommunications”, with the cluster of “Communication and Political Science” being in-between them. Also, the visualization of the author keywords indicates the main “Communication and Sociology” cluster includes the main research topics such as surveillance, algorithms, datafication, privacy, ethics, etc., and the “Journalism” cluster includes computational journalism, data journalism, automated journalism. Although future work is needed to provide detailed synthesis, the paper nonetheless provides a succinct summary for communication researchers and professionals to have an overview of the latest discussions.