Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
L'influence des accréditations sur la transformation du Business Model des écoles de management : le cas de la Burgundy School of Business

La plupart des travaux s'interessant a l'evolution des Business Models (BM) privilegie les facteurs internes comme les choix strategiques du dirigeant en matiere de clients, d'activites ou de ressources. Les facteurs externes ou environnementaux comme determinants dans l'evolution des BM restent, eux, largement moins explores. La conception de l'environnement communement admise dans les approches BM considere que ce dernier est produit par la reflexion et les actions des dirigeants plus qu'il ne s'impose a eux. En partant d'une revue de la litterature axee sur l'approche par composantes du BM comme cadre d'analyse et plus particulierement le modele RCOV (Warnier, Lecocq et Demil, 2006) et les capacites dynamiques (Teece, 2007, 2017), cette contribution propose de traiter l'influence d'une variable environnementale institutionnelle, a savoir les accreditations internationales (EQUIS, AACSB) sur une ecole de management francaise, Burgundy School of Business. En integrant une variable environnement au travers les capacites dynamiques, nous proposons d'enrichir ce modele RCOV par de nouvelles propositions d'analyse non seulement dans les composantes du BM mais egalement dans les interactions possibles entre les differentes composantes. Pour tester nos hypotheses et alimenter notre cadre theorique qui cherche a integrer la variable environnement-accreditation dans le modele RCOV, nous proposons de realiser une etude de cas a visee exploratoire sur BSB (Burgundy School of Business) qui a vu son BM transformer suite a la montee en puissance des accreditations. Toutes les composantes du BM de l'ecole ont ete impactees par les accreditations internationales. Nous rehabilitons ainsi le role moteur de l'environnement en mettant en evidence le developpement d'une capacite dynamique d'accreditation dans l'evolution voire la transformation du BM des entreprises et cherchons a caracteriser le BM de l'entreprise sur la base des modifications des composantes. Mots Clefs : Business model (RCOV)-Capacites Dynamiques-Environnement-Accreditations-Ecoles de management.
Resistance to the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus thornei of Iranian landrace wheat

Pratylenchus thornei is widespread throughout the wheat-growing regions in Australia and overseas and can cause yield losses of up to 70% in some intolerant cultivars. The most effective forms of management of P. thornei populations are crop rotation and plant breeding. There have been no wheat accessions identified as completely resistant to P. thornei, therefore breeding programs have used moderately resistant parents. The objective of the present research was to evaluate 274 Iranian landrace wheats for resistance to P. thornei and identify accessions with resistance superior to the current best resistance source (GS50a). Plants were grown in P. thornei inoculated soil under controlled conditions in a glasshouse pot experiment for 16 weeks. Ninety-two accessions found to be resistant or moderately so were retested in a second experiment. From combined analysis of these experiments, 34 accessions were identified as resistant with reproduction factors (final population per kg soil/initial inoculum rate per kg soil) ≤1. In total, 25 accessions were more resistant than GS50a, with AUS28470 significantly (P<0.05) more resistant. The resistant Iranian landraces identified in the present study are a valuable untapped genetic pool offering improved levels of P. thornei resistance over current parents in Australian wheat-breeding programs.
Static versus dynamic prosthetic weight bearing in elderly trans-tibial amputees

The purpose of this study was to compare prosthetic weight-bearing tolerance in the standing position to the dynamic vertical ground reaction forces (VGRF) experienced during walking in elderly dysvascular trans-tibial amputees. Ten unilateral trans-tibial amputees attending an amputee clinic (mean age =67±6.5 years) were selected as subjects. Selection criteria were the level of amputation, age, medical fitness to participate and informed consent. Each participant completed five trials of standing (static) weight bearing measurement followed by 10 walking (dynamic) trials on a 10m level walkway, five trials for each limb. Static weight bearing (SWB) was measured using standard bathroom scales. Dynamic weight bearing (DWB) was measured during gait using a Kistler multichannel force platform. T-tests for dependent means indicated that the forces borne in prosthetic single limb stance (mean=0.97±0.03 times body weight (BW)) were significantly lower than the forces borne by the prosthetic limb during the first peak (weight acceptance) VGRF (mean = 1.08±0.08 BW; t = −4.999; p = 0.001) and significantly higher than the midstance VGRF (mean = 0.82±0.07 BW; t = 5.401; p<0.001). However, there was no significant difference between SWB and the second peak (push-off) VGRF generated by the prosthetic limb during walking (mean = 0.96±0.03 BW). It was concluded that clinical gait training may utilise SWB as a guide to an amputees' prosthetic weight bearing tolerance and requirements during walking.
Influenza vaccination in MS

Background: Natural infections bear the risk of triggering MS bouts, whereas epidemiologic studies have not delineated an increased risk for disease activity after influenza virus vaccination. Objective: To examine influenza A virus–specific and myelin protein–reactive T-cell frequencies by interferon gamma (IFNγ)–enzyme-linked immunospot and the response of these cells by IFNγ-reverse transcription (RT) PCR after immunization and any incidental upper respiratory tract infection (URI) in 12 patients with MS (seven with a relapsing-remitting course; five with a secondary progressive course; Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] score from 1.0 to 6.5, without immunosuppressive treatment) and 28 healthy volunteers. Results: A cellular immune response against influenza A virus was mounted in both populations at 2 weeks after vaccination. Patients with MS showed a higher relative increase (p = 0.008) than controls with respect to the number of influenza-specific T cells. Mean antibody responses against influenza A virus were increased in both populations after 2 weeks (p < 0.01). Despite these virus-specific reactions, no increase in T-cell frequencies responsive to human myelin basic protein (MBP) or recombinant human myelin oligodendrocyte protein (MOG) was observed after immunization, arguing against a general immune stimulation by influenza vaccination. In contrast, MBP-specific T-cell responses became detectable in several individuals after febrile infection. Conclusion: These data support the clinical observations that influenza vaccination is effective and safe in patients with MS with respect to cellular immunoreactivity against two main CNS myelin proteins.
Maximal Constant Heart Rate - A Heart Rate Based Method to Estimate Maximal Lactate Steady State in Running

The aim of the present study was to investigate the accuracy of the maximal constant heart rate method for predicting anaerobic threshold (AnT) in running. This method only requires a common heart rate (HR) monitor and is based on the identification of the maximal constant HR maintainable for 30 min (HRMC). HRMC, 4-mmol threshold, and maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) were determined in 31 probands. 17 probands underwent an additional MLSS retest within 2 weeks. The correlation between HR at MLSS and at MLSS retest was very close (r = 0.807; SEE = 5.25 beats x min(-1); p < 0.001). So were the correlations between HR at 4-mmol threshold and MLSS (r = 0.844; SEE = 6.43 beats x min(-1); p < 0.001) and between HRMC and HR at MLSS (r = 0.820; SEE = 6.73 beats x min(-1); p < 0.001). Mean velocities at maximum constant HR trials and MLSS (r = 0.895; SEE = 0.185 m x s(-1); p < 0.001) as well as 4-mmol threshold and MLSS (r = 0.899; SEE = 0.186 m x s(-1); p < 0.001) were highly correlated. In conclusion, data presented in this study confirm that the determination of HRMC is a manageable method giving a highly accurate estimation of both HR and velocity at MLSS in running.
Evaluation of three simple direct or indirect carbonyl detection methods for characterization of oxidative modifications of proteins

Among disruptions induced by oxidative stress, modifications of proteins, particularly irreversible carbonylation, are associated with the development of several diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Carbonylation of proteins can occur directly or indirectly through the adduction of lipid oxidation products. In this study, three classical and easy-to-perform techniques to detect direct or indirect carbonylation of proteins were compared. A model protein apomyoglobin and a complex mixture of rat liver cytosolic proteins were exposed to cumene hydroperoxide oxidation or adduction to the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal in order to test direct or indirect carbonylation, respectively. The technique using a specific anti-4-hydroxynonenal-histidine adduct antibody was effective to detect in vitro modification of model apomyoglobin and cytosolic proteins by 4-hydroxynonenal but not by direct carbonylation which was achieved by techniques using biotin-coupled hydrazide or dinitrophenylhydrazine derivatization of carbonyls. Sequential use of these methods enabled the detection of both direct and indirect carbonyl modification in proteins, although constitutively biotinylated proteins were detected by biotin-hydrazide. Although rather classical and efficient, methods for carbonyl detection on proteins in oxidative stress studies may be biased by some artifactual detections and complicated by proteins multimerizations. The use of more and more specific available antibodies is recommended to complete detection of lipid peroxidation product adducts on proteins.
Actions of ketamine, phencyclidine and MK‐801 on NMDA receptor currents in cultured mouse hippocampal neurones.

1. Stable N‐methyl‐D‐aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor‐mediated currents in cultured mouse hippocampal neurons were evoked by 20 ms pressure pulse applications of L‐aspartate, repeatedly applied at 30 or 40 s intervals, to the cell body region of the neurone. We have characterized the voltage‐ and use‐dependent blockade of the currents by three dissociative anaesthetics: ketamine, phencyclidine (PCP) and MK‐801 in mouse hippocampal neurones grown in dissociated tissue culture. 2. We have used a simple model of the blockade, based on the ‘guarded receptor hypothesis’ to interpret our data. The model assumes that receptors are maximally activated at the peak of the response with an open probability (Po) approaching 1, that there is no desensitization and that the blocking drug only associates with, or dissociates from, receptor channels which have been activated by agonist (e.g. open channels). 3. The model allows us to estimate forward and reverse rate constants for binding of the blockers to open channels from measurements of the steady‐state level of blockade and the rate of change of the current amplitude per pulse during onset and offset of blockade. As predicted by the model, the estimated reverse rate was independent of blocker concentration while the forward rate increased with concentration. Changing the level of positively charged ketamine (pKa 7.5) tenfold by changing pH from 6.5 to 8.5 caused a corresponding change in the forward rate while having no effect on the reverse rate. Most of the voltage dependence of the blockade could be accounted for by reduction of the reverse rate by depolarization. 4. Estimated forward rate constants for ketamine, PCP and MK‐801 were similar to one another when measured under similar conditions and were 3 x 10(4) ‐ 3 x 10(5) M‐1 S‐1. Most of the differences in potency of the three blockers could be accounted for by differences in the reverse rate constants which were approximately 0.2, 0.03 and 0.003 s‐1 for ketamine, PCP and MK‐801, respectively. The estimated rate constants actually are the product of the rate constants and 1/Po. Suggestions that maximum Po is much less than 1 for NMDA channels imply that both forward and reverse rate constants of blockade may in fact be larger than we have calculated. However, their magnitudes, relative to one another, are unaffected by this consideration. 5. The reverse rate constant of blockade increased at positive potentials. This increase was prevented when the neurone was loaded with N‐methyl‐D‐glucamine, an impermeant cation which prevented outward currents. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Experimental Pancreatitis Induced by Synthetic Prooxidant Tert-butyl Hydroperoxide

The purpose of this study was to verify whether injection of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (ButOOH, a well-known prooxidant agent) into the bile–pancreatic duct can induce acute pancreatitis. A rapid blockade of the secretion was observed in the majority of the animals after 3 hours of observation. After 6 hours, the secretion reached a very low level, significantly different compared with controls. In groups of rats injected with ButOOH, pancreatic weight gain was observed compared with the rats injected with physiologic saline. Histology of pancreata removed 3 hours after injection of ButOOH showed acinar cell vacuolization, interstitial edema, focal necrosis of pancreatic acini, fat-tissue necrosis, and leukocyte infiltration of the organ. These changes were considerably greater after the 6-hour observation period. Electron-microscopic inspection revealed profound morphologic changes 3 hours after ButOOH injection. The control rats receiving physiologic saline alone had well-preserved pancreatic tissue structure. In conclusion, injection of the prooxidant agent, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, into common bile–pancreatic duct induces acute necrotizing pancreatitis, which indicates the crucial role of free radical reactions in pathogenesis of this disease.
pRb2/p130 and p107 control cell growth by multiple strategies and in association with different compartments within the nucleus *

It has been recently reported that retinoblastoma family proteins suppress cell growth by regulating not only E2F‐dependent mRNA transcription but also rRNA and tRNA transcription and, through HDAC1 recruitment, chromatin packaging. In the present study we report data showing that these various control strategies are correlated, at least in part, with nuclear compartmentalization of retinoblastoma proteins. In a first series of experiments, we showed that pRb2/p130 and p107 are not evenly distributed within the nucleus and that cell cycle‐dependent binding with E2F4 changes also as a function of their subnuclear localization. Namely, in the nucleoplasm pRb2/p130‐E2F4 complexes are more numerous during G0/G1 while in the nucleolus they increase in S phase. Partially different functions for p107 are suggested since p107‐E2F4 complexes in the nucleoplasm are more numerous is S phase with respect to G0/G1 and no cell cycle change is observed in the nucleolus. In a second series of experiments we showed that pRb2/p130, p107, E2F4, and pRb2/p130‐HDAC1 complexes are all inner nuclear matrix‐associated proteins and localize to sites different from pRb/p105 ones. We provide further evidence of multiple and partially distinct retinoblastoma protein family functional roles during cell cycle. Moreover, our data support emerging evidence for functional interrelationships between nuclear structure and gene expression. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transaminitis in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy.

BACKGROUND Persistently raised transaminase levels often prompt the clinician to investigate for liver pathology. Previously, some of our patients with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy have had investigations to look for liver disorders when the alanine transaminases (ALTs) were found incidentally to be high. AIM The objective of the study was to ascertain the levels of the transaminases in patients with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy and to see if the levels of transaminases correlated with muscle enzymes such as creatine kinase (CK). MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a case series of 19 patients with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. Alanine and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels and CK levels were measured in the serum of the patients. RESULTS In this series, ALT and AST levels were all found to be raised significantly in patients with biopsy-proven Duchenne's muscular dystrophy and Becker's muscular dystrophy. Alanine transaminase, in particular, was raised to a mean of 356 mmol/L, 9 times above the mean for normal. There was also good correlation between ALT and CK levels with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.80 and P value 0.01. Similar to CK, the transaminase levels were inversely proportional to mobility and to age. CONCLUSION The presence of hypertransaminasemia in patients with muscular dystrophy should be attributed to muscle breakdown rather than to liver pathology and such patients should not be over-investigated for liver disease. In the absence of liver pathology, raised transaminases may be an early sign of occult muscular dystrophy and such patients should have CK levels checked to look for evidence of muscular dystrophy.
Load frequency control in an interconnected power system with an embedded HVDC Grid

To reduce emission of carbon dioxide the proportion of renewable energies is rapidly growing in German and European grids in general. Additionally, the bulk of them are generated in only a few spots in European transmission grid, whereas conventional power plants will shut down and the load center distribution will still be decentralized. This results in the need of a new and powerful transmission grid, which is able to transport bulk power over long distances. To overcome this challenge one of the discussed solutions for Europe is an Overlay-Network based on HVDC technology connecting spots of bulk renewable energy plants and important load centers. Because of different performance compared to an ac grid, it is necessary for an HVDC-Overlay-Network to actively sustain system services such as load frequency control to ensure system stability and service security as well as the ac grid does. A novel method for realizing participation of an HVDC-Overlay-Network in load frequency control is presented. It hasn't only an advantage for load frequency control caused power flows, but also for contracted balancing power flows, which are also feed via the dc grid pro rata. Numerical case studies are made to show some benefits of this method in case of various disturbances. It is shown that an HVDC-Overlay-Network with the developed operating control releases the ac grid by an adjustable amount of power flows and improves the load frequency control for example in terms of promptness and smaller frequency deviations.
Significant association of an XRCC4 single nucleotide polymorphism with bladder cancer susceptibility in Taiwan.

BACKGROUND The DNA repair gene XRCC4, a member of NHEJ for double strand breaks, is very important in maintaining the overall genome stability, and may play an important role in carcinogenesis. To reveal the relationship between XRCC4 and bladder cancer, seven polymorphic variants of XRCC4, including C-1622T (rs7727691), G-1394T (rs6869366), G-652T (rs2075685), C-571T (rs2075686), intron3 DIP (rs28360071), S247A (rs3734091) and intron7 DIP (rs28360317) were investigated and analyzed for their association with bladder cancer susceptibility. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this case-control study, the association of these variants of XRCC4 with bladder carcinogenesis in Taiwan was investigated. Bladder cancer patients (158) and 158 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were recruited and their genotypes were analyzed by PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS It was found that XRCC4 G-1394T is a significant SNP in bladder carcinogenesis after analyzing the frequencies of each variant in both bladder cancer and control groups. The data indicated that the heterogeneous G of G-1394T is an obvious risk factor of bladder cancer susceptibility (p=0.005) and the data of G allele also showed a similar situation (p=0.0099). As for the other six polymorphisms, there was no difference between the bladder cancer and control groups. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the G allele of XRCC4 G-1394T may be involved in bladder carcinogenesis and useful in early detection of bladder cancer.
The impact of China on the latin American security environmente

During the last week of May 2018, I had the opportunity to travel to Barcelona, Spain to discuss the impact of Chinese engagement in Latin America and the Caribbean on the regional security environment, and on U.S.-Latin American security cooperation. The topic is an important one for U.S. policymakers and the defense community, as well as a topic of interest for international relations scholars. The reality is that, while Chinese activities in Latin America and the Caribbean are principally economic (although also military, political and cultural), they impact the dynamics of the region and the relationships that the U.S. maintains with the countries the region in profound, albeit subtle and often indirect ways. The Changing Global Security Environment. To frame the nature of China’s impacts on the Latin America and Caribbean security environment, it is important to understand that the rise of the PRC is simultaneously affecting the region in multiple interdependent ways, often indirect and unintentional. These include altering its economic structure, changing the dynamics of the regional arms market, and contributing to transpacific organized crime, among other. Perhaps most importantly, however, it is also impacting the perceptions and calculations of political. military leaders and business elites in the region, non-state actors and others, and by affecting those perceptions, it is altering their actions and the dynamics of the countries in which they operate. The changes wrought by China’s engagement with the region are magnified by the region’s increasing interconnectedness with other parts
Preface to Dust Events in the Environment

The special volume entitled ‘‘Dust Events in the Environment’’ updates the state of the art and perspectives focused on the interactions between natural and urban events of dust with the environment, keeping an eye to the associated impacts and to sustainable development. The volume updates previous studies on dust as the topic is timely and future discussions are necessary to further investigate such events.
Study of Consumer Behavior Related to Bankruptcy and Enterprise Products: from Brand Commitment and Willingness toPay Perspectives in Behavioral Economics

Brand commitment was positioned as a central concept. If consumers have high brand commitment, even if the relevant companies go bankrupt, a decline in product value is not observed. This study aims to explore new possibilities of consumer behavior based on the findings of behavioral economics. First we look at consumption, which is measured by experimental economics mechanisms. Then, we assess the changes in consumer behavior using willingness to pay (WTP). Moreover, we assemble a realistic model and conduct a covariance structure analysis (SPSS AMOS). Finally, this conclusion is explained by “Bounded rationality,” advocated by Simon (1957). A completely rational man looks for the highest possible utility.