Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
"When you witness an evil act, you should stop it with your hand." Citizenship Learning and Engagement of Muslim Youth Activists in Toronto, Canada

This thesis is about being young, Muslim and politically engaged in contemporary Toronto, Canada. Young Muslims attempting to come to terms with the complex and contradictory promises of Canadian citizenship must confront what it means to “be Canadian”—a national identity marked by historical legacies of oppressions, and shaped by ideals of western liberal democracy. Post-9/11 Canada is marked by intensified suspicion and repression of Muslims and those who “look like” Muslims. This thesis examines how 18 young people, ages16 to 29, who self-identity as “Muslim” and “activist” learned “to reflect and act upon the world in order to transform it” (Freire, 1970). Through life history interview methods, this study attempts to capture how the participants had come to their political activism, critical experiences of learning inside and outside of schools that they understood as influential in shaping their political subjectivities and practices, the range of issues of injustice that concerned them, and the various actions they took to address those issues. The young Muslims expressed concern for and acted on access to quality affordable housing, police brutality, gender-based violence, Islamophobia and other forms of hate, and the question of Palestine. Their actions included creating safe spaces, (dis-) engaging formal systems of governance and public authority, providing public education, producing cultural narratives, and
DISTRIBUTION OF ASCORBIC ACID, METABOLITES AND ANALOGUES IN MAN AND ANIMALS

One of the earliest attempts to gauge the involvement of ascorbic acid (AA) in the overall metabolism was thc determination of its distribution in thc tissues. A thorough knowledge of its occurrence was believed to be pertinent to the elucidation of the physiological role of the vitamin in the organism. The availability of labeled AA, metabolites, and analogues has made it possible to follow up the appearance of these compounds or mctabolites thereof in thc various tissues of animals by means of dissecting the animals with subsequent determination of the radioactive material accumulated by the tissues or by means of whole-body autoradiography, as described in detail by Kalberer. '
The Relationship between Incentives and Opportunities of Investment (An evidence from of the Based on Economic Psychological in Iran)

The aims of this study was the survey of the relationship between investment incentives and opportunities to make a profit of the stock price based on economic psychological factors and advances behavioral finance in the capital market of Iran. The population in this study, including manufacturing and investment companies accepted in the Stock Exchange for the period of 2003 to 2013. The present study method according to the purpose has been application and also based on implementation method has been descriptive and correlation. As the population of the study was open-ended, to determine the sample size in this study is used of a random sample, according to Kerjsi and Morgan table were selected 384 people in level 95%. In this study, standard questionnaires investment incentives and standard questionnaire opportunities to profit share price is used based on economic psychological factors and new behavioral finance. For the validity used of the analysis of experts and get their opinions about the questionnaire, those experts have confirmed the questionnaire in terms of the validity. And reliability, each of the questionnaires is used of Cronbach's alpha. The reliability is in order for the questionnaire of investment incentives (QII),equal to (0.878), and the reliability of the questionnaire opportunities profit of stock price (QOPSP),equal to (0.955). Also, given that hypothesis studied the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable, the result is used of a test, Pearson correlation and regression analysis ordinary last square (OLS). For data analysis using descriptive and inferential statistical methods and data analysis was used respectively statistical software packages include: (Excel, and SPSS). The Results of this study indicate that there are significant positive relationship between investment incentives and opportunities for profit stock price, according to new behavioral finance economic and psychological variables is among share holders the Tehran Stock Exchange and given the positive and significant coefficient of the regression line equation was estimated (αi,t), is confirmed the main hypothesis of research. Implies that investment incentives, opportunities, profits stock price based on economics psychological factors and new behavioral finance at the Tehran Stock Exchange are detected earlier, than other behavioral variables affecting investment in the Tehran stock market. The results of this study can be applied to all individuals and active investor in Tehran Stock Exchange.
Factors Related to Diabetes Mellitus in Puerto Rican Men

Urban-rural comparisons of the prevalence of diabetes were made in a cohort of 2567 rural and 6190 urban participants aged 45 to 64, in the Puerto Rico Heart Health Program. The prevalence of diabetes in the urban population was more than double that in the rural. Consistent with this, blood glucose concentrations were significantly higher in urban than in rural populations. The prevalence of diabetes increased with age and relative weight. It was associated with elevations of serum cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting serum triglycerides. A positive family history was found more commonly in diabetics than in nondiabetics. If there was a history in both a sibling and a parent, there was at least a threefold increased prevalence over those with no family history. The reason for the higher prevalence of diabetes in the urban than in the rural area is elusive. In obese men, the urban and rural prevalence rates are the same, but, among relatively lean men, the prevalence in the urban area is twice that of the rural men.
Oral Contraceptives in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Risk-Benefit Assessment

Combined oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) have been a key component of the chronic treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) by improving androgen excess and regulating menstrual cycles. Earlier epidemiologic studies with second- and third-generation OCPs in the general population have raised important questions regarding long-term cardiometabolic effects of these agents. In PCOS, there are only a few short-term studies with contradictory results evaluating potential adverse effects of OCPs on cardiovascular risk factors and glucose homeostasis. These studies included a small number of participants and did not take into account several confounding factors that might influence the outcome. Nevertheless, limited available data support the benefits of long-term OCP use in PCOS. By contrast, solid evidence for cardiometabolic adverse outcome with the use of these agents, especially with newer OCPs containing antiandrogenic progestins, is lacking. More studies are needed to resolve controversies regarding the safety of long-term OCP use in PCOS. Meanwhile, assessment of each PCOS patient's personal cardiometabolic risk profile should be an essential component of the evaluation before prescribing OCPs and also during follow-up.
Synaptic mechanisms involved in the inspiratory modulation of vagal cardio‐inhibitory neurones in the cat.

The respiratory modulation of the activity of vagal cardio‐inhibitory neurones of the nucleus ambiguus of the cat has been investigated by electrophysiological and neuropharmacological techniques. All twenty‐four vagal efferent neurones studied had axons with conduction velocities indicative of B fibres and projected to the right cardiac branches of the vagus. Their spontaneous or DL‐homocysteic acid (DLH)‐evoked activity showed a marked reduction during the phase of inspiration and all showed signs of receiving a baroreceptor input. Ionophoretic application of DLH always excited cardiac vagal motoneurones (c.v.m.s). Application of acetylcholine to these same cells provoked a decrease in firing rate in twelve of the fifteen neurones tested. In ten of these twelve cells simultaneous application of atropine antagonized the effect of acetylcholine. Atropine applied alone enhanced neuronal firing, particularly in inspiration. Stable intracellular recordings have been made from two c.v. m.s. These were inhibited during inspiration. Input resistance fell markedly during inspiration and injection of chloride reversed this wave of hyperpolarization to a wave of depolarization indicating that this resulted from chloride‐mediated inhibitory post‐synaptic potentials (i.p.s.p.s). These c.v. m.s were activated during Stage I expiration, and showed a weak and variable wave of inhibition in Stage II expiration. Pulse‐rhythmic depolarizing potentials were reduced in their amplitudes during the periods of decreased neurone input resistance. It is concluded that c.v. m.s receive an excitatory input during post‐inspiration and a powerful inhibitory synaptic input during inspiration. The implications of these observations for the physiology of cardiorespiratory reflexes are discussed.
The partial tandem duplication of ALL1 in acute myeloid leukemia with normal cytogenetics or trisomy 11 is restricted to one chromosome.

The molecular defects responsible for tumorigenesis in adult de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with a normal karyotype or an additional copy of one chromosome (i.e., trisomy) remain largely unknown. We recently discovered that approximately 90% of adult patients with de novo AML and trisomy 11 (+11) as a sole abnormality and 11% of adult patients with de novo AML and normal cytogenetics carry a molecular rearrangement of the ALL1 (MLL, HRX, or HTRX) gene. The rearranged ALL1 gene has been shown to result from the direct tandem duplication of a portion of ALL1 itself. To better understand the underlying mechanisms of leukemogenesis, we asked whether in cytogenetically normal cases one or both chromosomes carry the mutated allele and whether in trisomic cases the mutation is present in one, two, or three chromosomes. Herein we show that in cytogenetically normal cases of AML and in cases with +11 as a sole cytogenetic abnormality, only one chromosome contains the mutated ALL1 allele. Thus a single mutated ALL1 allele with the partial tandem duplication is sufficient for ALL1-associated leukemogenesis, irrespective of the number of normal genes present. The frequently occurring specific association of +11 and ALL1 gene mutation in the leukemic clone remains unexplained.
Reactive power optimization control of wind farms with fixed-speed wind turbine generators

As the level of wind power penetration into the grid increases, reactive power control will become more critical for wind farms with fixed-speed wind turbine generators. Capacitor banks are used for reactive power compensation in wind power plant (WPP). This paper focuses on our effort to develop a method to determine the number, sizes and control strategy of capacitor banks. To solve this problem, the number and control strategy of capacitor banks is determined by the characteristics of wind turbine, local wind resources and power grid. Then the size of capacitor banks was determined by genetic algorithms (GA). Objective of optimization is to reduce the switching frequency of compensating capacitor banks installed at its terminals, maintain an acceptable voltages profile and minimize active losses of a power system. The proposed method is carried out in a modified IEEE 39-bus system. According to simulation results, the grouping and control strategy of capacitor banks is feasible and effective for reactive power optimization control of wind power plants.
Do Islamic banks shift from mark-up to equity financing when their contracting environments are improved?

ABSTRACT Islamic banks should share their profits and losses with their customers through equity financing but most of their assets are mark-up financing, which resembles loans. Theoretically, one of the reasons is Islamic banks operate in poor contracting environments where equity financing is very risky. Using fixed-effects models, we examine whether better contracting environments induce Islamic banks to shift from mark-up to equity financing. We find no evidence that contracting environments do, which means debt-like instruments will continue dominating Islamic banks’ assets in the near future.
The Norwegian version of the Experiences in Close Relationships measure of adult attachment: Psychometric properties and normative data

Background: Self-report questionnaires have facilitated attachment research, and validation of these instruments in different languages and cultures has become of importance. The Experiences in Close Relationships measure (ECR) is a well-established and suitable tool for cross-cultural comparisons of adult attachment. Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the ECR and to develop a shorter version. We also investigated the associations between socio-demographic characteristics and attachment styles as measured by the ECR on the anxiety and avoidance subscales. Methods: Data were anonymously collected by a mailed questionnaire to young adults aged 30, 40 and 45 years. With a response rate of 29%, 437 individuals were included. Exploratory factor analysis was performed and confirmatory factor analysis was done by structural equation modelling. Results and conclusions: The psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the ECR were satisfying and comparable with the properties reported by other translations. Individuals who scored low on both avoidance and anxiety scales were more likely to live in paired relations, have paid work, rate themselves with good health and in general be more satisfied with their lives. A new 12 item short version of the ECR showed good psychometric properties and similar associations to socio-demographic variables. Taking into account its brevity and feasibility further research on attachment style with ECR in clinical samples should be performed.
Prevalence of migraine in patients with a history of self-reported or physician-diagnosed "sinus" headache.

BACKGROUND Symptoms referable to the sinus area are frequently reported during migraine attacks, but are not recognized in diagnostic criteria. Underrecognition of migraine may be partly attributed to a variable clinical presentation, and migraines with "sinus" symptoms contribute to this problem. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of migraine-type headache (International Headache Society [IHS]-defined migraine without aura [IHS 1.1], migraine with aura [IHS 1.2], or migrainous disorder [IHS 1.7]) in patients with a history of self-described or physician-diagnosed "sinus" headache. METHODS During a clinic visit, patients with a history of "sinus" headache, no previous diagnosis of migraine, and no evidence of infection were assigned an IHS headache diagnosis on the basis of headache histories and reported symptoms. RESULTS A total of 2991 patients were screened. The majority (88%) of these patients with a history of self-described or physician-diagnosed "sinus" headache were diagnosed at the screening visit as fulfilling IHS migraine criteria (80% of patients) or migrainous criteria (8% of patients). The most common symptoms referable to the sinus area reported by patients at screening were sinus pressure (84%), sinus pain (82%), and nasal congestion (63%). CONCLUSIONS In this study, 88% of patients with a history of "sinus" headache were determined to have migraine-type headache. In patients with recurrent headaches without fever or purulent discharge, the presence of sinus-area symptoms may be part of the migraine process. Migraine should be included in the differential diagnosis of these patients.
A stress relief method for copper filled through silicon via with parylene on sidewall

Though silicon via (TSV) with parylene layer has many advantages, such as low temperature, CMOS matched low-temperature process and so on. In this paper, we use parylene layer as the sidewall to relieve the thermal stress in TSVs. Thermo-mechanical simulation of TSVs is performed to disscuss the effect of the parylene layer. It is found that the introduction of parylene layer can reduce the thermal stress in TSV, and this improvement tends to be larger when it is closer to the practical situation. We also discuss the effects of the temperature, the parylene thickness and the diameter of via on thermal stress distribution in TSVs. And it is indicated that as the parylene thickness increased, the thermal stress in TSVs decreased.
The involvement of the major surface glycoprotein (gp63) of Leishmania promastigotes in attachment to macrophages.

The interaction between the macrophage and the parasite plays a central role in the continued success of Leishmania infection. The promastigote surface ligand, and its complementary macrophage membrane receptor, involved in attachment and phagocytosis are likely to exert considerable influence over the outcome of a new infection. In this study, we report experiments pertaining to one such parasite membrane protein. Initial examination of promastigote surface proteins by radiolabeling and two-dimensional-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed an abundant polypeptide with an apparent m.w. of 63,000. Lectin-binding studies indicated that it was a glycoprotein containing mannose, N-acetyl glucosamine, and N-acetyl galactosamine residues. Monospecific antiserum raised against this glycoprotein, gp63, decorated the entire promastigote plasmalemma. Univalent antibody fragments from this antiserum blocked the interaction between promastigotes and macrophages by inhibiting attachment. Anti-gp63-inhibition reduced parasite/macrophage binding to 30 to 35% of the control binding level. Additional evidence of the involvement of gp63 in attachment to macrophages was provided by studies that made use of gp63-containing proteoliposomes. These vesicles were avidly phagocytosed by macrophages. Uptake of the gp63-containing liposomes was suppressed by greater than 90% by both anti-gp63 F(ab) fragments and the oligosaccharide mannan, indicating that their phagocytosis was receptor dependent. These results demonstrate that the abundant glycoprotein gp63 plays an important role in attachment of promastigotes to macrophages, and attachment via this parasite ligand is sufficient to trigger phagocytosis.
GNSS-based passive radar for maritime surveillance: Long integration time MTI technique

The exploitation of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) as transmitters of opportunity in passive radar systems for maritime surveillance is particularly attractive because of the main advantages consisting in a global coverage (even in open sea) and in the availability of multiple sources (different satellites and constellations). The main drawback stays in the restricted power budget provided by navigation satellites. This makes necessary to conceive, define and develop innovative moving target detection techniques specifically tailored for the system under consideration, in order to make this technology a powerful tool for persistent surveillance of sea areas of interest. To this aim, a long integration time Maritime Moving Target Indication technique is proposed in this work, and its effectiveness is proved against experimental data involving a small maritime target, not detectable by conventional MTI techniques. Obtained results prove the feasibility of a maritime MTI mode for GNSS based passive systems.
A role for Sec8 in oligodendrocyte morphological differentiation

In the central nervous system, oligodendrocytes synthesize vast amounts of myelin, a multilamellar membrane wrapped around axons that dramatically enhances nerve transmission. A complex apparatus appears to coordinate trafficking of proteins and lipids during myelin synthesis, but the molecular interactions involved are not well understood. We demonstrate that oligodendrocytes express several key molecules necessary for the targeting of transport vesicles to areas of rapid membrane growth, including the exocyst components Sec8 and Sec6 and the multidomain scaffolding proteins CASK and Mint1. Sec8 overexpression significantly promotes oligodendrocyte morphological differentiation and myelin-like membrane formation in vitro; conversely, siRNA-mediated interference with Sec8 expression inhibits this process, and anti-Sec8 antibody induces a reduction in oligodendrocyte areas. In addition, Sec8 colocalizes, coimmunoprecipitates and cofractionates with the major myelin protein OSP/Claudin11 and with CASK in oligodendrocytes. These results suggest that Sec8 plays a central role in oligodendrocyte membrane formation by regulating the recruitment of vesicles that transport myelin proteins such as OSP/Claudin11 to sites of membrane growth.
Salivary Flow Dynamics after Parotid Surgery: A Preliminary Report

BACKGROUND: Tumors in the parotid gland may affect salivary flow. The effects of tumor on glandular function and postoperative changes in both resected gland and contralateral gland were not formerly reported. We prospectively evaluated salivary flow rates and composition in patients undergoing parotidectomy preoperatively and postoperatively. METHOD: Stimulated parotid saliva from 17 patients undergoing parotidectomy was collected bilaterally preoperatively and postoperatively by using a parotid cup. Subjective complaints were recorded. Salivary flow rates, sodium, potassium, and amylase levels were evaluated. RESULTS: None of the patients complained of “dry mouth” before or after surgery. Analysis of the individual results revealed 3 patterns of preoperative and postoperative response, compatible with either a preoperative or postoperative compensatory mechanism in the contralateral gland. The postoperative decrease in flow rate corresponds with the amount of gland removed. Salivary electrolyte composition was unchanged. CONCLUSION: This study is the first to demonstrate the effects of parotid tumors and their surgery on salivary flow and a compensatory response and its different patterns in human parotid glands after their excision.
Does School Accountability Reduce Inequality in Education? Lessons from South Korea

This study takes note of changes in school accountability policies from 2009 to 2015 in Korea utilizing OECD PISA data from 2006 to 2015. We found that active implementation of the accountability policy (2009-2012 period) were effective in raising the academic performance of students and schools in the lowest socioeconomic strata. However, when the school accountability policies were gradually abolished (2012-2015), education achievements of students from poor family background as well as the overall performance of low achieving public schools worsened significantly. We particularly noted that it was only public schools that experienced gains and exacerbations in school performance in accordance with the status of accountability policy, conversely, private schools somewhat gained from the implementation of the policy and resisted negative consequences following the gradual abolishment of the policy.