Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shadows of fuzzy sets-a natural approach towards describing 2-D and multi-D fuzzy uncertainty in linguistic terms

Fuzzy information processing systems start with expert knowledge which is usually formulated in terms of words from natural language. This knowledge is then usually reformulated in computer friendly terms of membership functions, and the system transforms these input membership functions into the membership functions which describe the result of fuzzy data processing. It is then desirable to translate this fuzzy information back from computer-friendly membership functions language to human-friendly natural language. In general, this is difficult even in a 1-D case, when we are interested in a single quantity y; however, the fuzzy research community has accumulated some expertise of describing the resulting 1-D membership functions by words from natural language. The problem becomes even more complicated in 2-D and multi-D cases, when we are interested in several quantities y/sub 1/,. ,y/sub m/, because there are fewer words which describe the relation between several quantities than words describing a single quantity. To reduce this more complicated multi-D problem to a simpler (although still difficult) 1-D case, Zadeh proposed (1966) to use words to describe fuzzy information about different combinations y=f(y/sub 1/,.,y/sub m/) of the desired variables. This idea is similar to the use of marginal distributions in probability theory. The corresponding terms are called shadows of the original fuzzy set. The main question is: do we lose any information in this translation? Zadeh has shown that under certain conditions, the original fuzzy set can be uniquely reconstructed from its shadows. We prove that for appropriately chosen shadows, the reconstruction is always unique. Thus, if we manage to describe the original membership function by linguistic terms which describe different combinations y, this description is lossless.
Closed versus open vitrification systems for human oocytes and embryos : a mini-review

Vitrification is an established and successful technique for preserving human oocytes and embryos. It can be achieved either by direct (open systems) or indirect (closed systems) contact with liquid nitrogen and there is not a consensus on the optimum vitrification protocol. Scientific societies agree that there are no particular concerns regarding vitrification other than direct contact with a non sterile product. Moreover, European directives pose the need for aseptic procedures as a critical point. Therefore, several strategies have been developed in order to avoid the risk of contamination, including closed devices and liquid nitrogen sterilization. There have been concerns with closed vitrification devices that a reduction in cooling rate compared to open vitrification systems due to thermal insulation of samples would cause ice crystal formation resulting in impaired results. It has been proposed that a correct exposure to cryoprotective agents before closed vitrification and a high warming rate can adequately compensate the reduction in cooling rates. This reduction in cooling rate can also be prevented with direct plunging of samples in sterile liquid nitrogen followed by hermetical cryostorage (semi-closed system). Studies comparing different protocols suggest that aseptic vitrification is an effective strategy both for embryos and oocytes.
FUZZY ABDUCTION AND ITS APPLICATION TO DIAGNOSIS OF THERMAL STORAGE SYSTEM

Fuzzy abduction is a procedure for deriving fuzzy sets of hypotheses which explain a given fuzzy set of events. The derived fuzzy sets of hypotheses are called fuzzy explanations. The paper designates some problems in diagnosis using conventional expert systems. Then, it proposes a new approach using fuzzy abduction, and applies it to diagnosis of a thermal storage system for air conditioning used in large buildings.
Changes in Enzymatic Activity of Fish and Slaughter Animals Meat after High Pressure Treatment at Subzero Temperatures

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine changes in the activity of proteolytic enzymes and transglutaminase of fish and mammal meat after pressurization at subzero temperatures. The activity was measured at the optimal pHs determined for enzymes from particular types of tested meat. It was found that increasing the pressure in the range of 60-193 MPa, did not change significantly the activity of acidic proteases of cod flesh, while the activity of neutral and alkaline proteases decreased drastically. Proteolytic enzymes from salmon flesh were more resistant than those from cod flesh. They maintained or increased (neutral protease) activity after pressurization. The activity of the endogenous enzymes of bovine meat increased with pressure increase, except for acidic proteases, the activity of which was reduced after treatment at 193 MPa to the level similar to unpressurized meat. Endogenous proteases of porcine meat were activated by high-pressure treatment. It has been shown that activity of TGase in unpressurized flesh from cod was 5 times higher than that from unpressurized salmon. Depending on the type of meat, these enzymes were also significantly different in their sensitivity to pressure. The pressure of 60 and 193 MPa led to a complete inactivation of the TGase in cod flesh, while the activity of salmon flesh TGase was decreased only by 15 and 21%, respectively.
AN ENERGY-EFFICIENT LOCOMOTION: SAMURAI-INSPIRED NAMBA WALKING

Namba walking, in which the arm and the ipsilateral leg are moved at the same time, in contrast to normal walking, is believed to be more energy-efficient. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences between Namba walking and normal walking in terms of their gait kinematics and energetics. Our findings indicated that different lower limb energy absorption strategies were adopted for Namba walking, as compared to normal walking. In Namba walking, energy absorption capacities were increased in both hip and ankle joints, suggesting that Namba walking can potentially dissipate external impact forces more effectively.
An improvement over the normal distribution for log-growth rates of city sizes: Empirical evidence for France, Germany, Italy and Spain

We study the decennial log-growth population rate distributions of France (1990-2009), Germany (1996-2006), Italy (1951-1961, 2001-2011) and Spain (1950-1960, 2001-2010). It is obtained an excellent parametric description of these log-growth rates by means of a modification of the normal distribution in that the tails are mixed by means of convex linear combinations with exponential distributions, giving rise to the so called “double mixture exponential normal”. The normal distribution is not the one empirically observed for the same datasets.
THE NUMBER OF DIGITAL PAD SCALES - A NEW SEX CHARACTER IN THE CHICK?

Hampl A. : The Number oj Digital Pad Scales - a New Sex Character in the Chick? Acta vet. Brno, 61, 1992: 93-98. The conformation of the skin relief of soleal surface of the pulvinus digitalis distalis of the third digit (PDD III) was studied in two groups of one-day-old (;hicks. Besides, the length and width of PDD III and the width of the digital claw base were estimated in one group of chicks. These studies gave the following results: The soleal surface ofPDD III has a corrugated relief resulting from the presence of small scales which do not overlap each other. The shape of scales depends on the localisation of scales on the pad; near its circumference elongated scales predominate while in its central part those of rounded and polygonal shape may be mostly found. Scales are arranged in 4 main and 2 - 3 accessory rows. The main rows are arched from the medial towards the lateral edge of the pad while the accessory ones are incomplete and situated between the main rows. The total numbers of scales on PDD III are the same on both legs and they are significantly higher in males than in females. The size ofPDD III and the width of claw base show bilateral symmetry and are identical in both sexes.
Evolution and spherical collapse in Einstein-Æther theory and Hořava gravity

We compare the initial value formulation of the low-energy limit of (nonprojectable) Hořava gravity to that of Einstein-aether theory when the aether is assumed to be hypersurface orthogonal at the level of the field equations. This comparison clearly highlights a crucial difference in the causal structure of the two theories at the nonperturbative level: in Hořava gravity evolution equations include an elliptic equation that is not a constraint relating initial data but needs to be imposed on each slice of the foliation. This feature is absent in Einstein-aether theory. We discuss its physical significance in Hořava gravity. We also focus on spherical symmetry, and we revisit existing collapse simulations in Einstein-aether theory. We argue that they have likely already uncovered the dynamical formation of a universal horizon and that they can act as evidence that this horizon is indeed a Cauchy horizon in Hořava gravity.
Title Spectral curve and Hamiltonian structure of isomonodromicSU ( 2 )

This paper presents a new approach to the Hamiltonian structure of isomonodromic deformations of a matrix system of ODE’s on a torus. An isomonodromic analogue of the SU(2) Calogero-Gaudin system is used for a case study of this approach. A clue of this approach is a mapping to a finite number of points on the spectral curve of the isomonodromic Lax equation. The coordinates of these moving points give a new set of Darboux coordinates called the spectral Darboux coordinates. The system of isomonodromic deformations is thereby converted to a non-autonomous Hamiltonian system in the spectral Darboux coordinates. The Hamiltonians turn out to resemble those of a previously known isomonodromic system of a second order scalar ODE. The two isomonodromic systems are shown to be linked by a simple relation. arXiv:nlin.SI/0111019
Metabolic engineering in plants for food security

Over 800 million people around the world do not have enough to eat, and many more endure monotonous diets that fall short of even basic nutritional requirements. Food and nutritional insecurity are perhaps the most pressing and intractable social issues now faced by the world’s governments and populations, and they can only be addressed by a combination of measures that aim to improve health, wealth and agricultural productivity in a sustainable fashion. Genetically modified plants represent one of these measures, and many different strategies can be used to improve the yield, nutritional properties and agronomic performance of our crops. In particular, the metabolic engineering of crop plants is a versatile approach for enhancing the production of beneficial, small metabolites. Such molecules can provide nutritional benefits, protect plants against biotic and abiotic stresses and improve the ripening and storage properties of harvested products. In this review, we focus on two examples – vitamin biosynthesis and polyamine metabolism – to show how advances in plant metabolic engineering can offer hope to the world’s poor and hungry.
Studying Some Physicochemical Characteristics of Crust Coated with White Egg and Chitosan Using a Deep-Fried Model System

In this paper, the effects of frying time, white egg (0%, 5% and 10% w/w) and chitosan (0%, 0.5% and 1.5% w/w) addition to the batter formulation on the quality of simulated crispy deep-fried Kurdish cheese nugget crusts was studied by using a deep-fried crust model. Moisture content, oil content, color and hardness of the samples were determined. Crust models were fried at 190℃ for 60, 120 and 180 s. Batter formulations and frying time significantly (p < 0.01) affected moisture, oil content, color and hardness of Crust models. Batter formulation contain 10% white egg was found to be an effective ingredient in decreasing oil content of Crust models. The mean moisture and fat content of Crust models formed with batter contained 10% white egg, fried at 190℃, for 180s were 6.207 ± 0.447 and 5.649 ± 0.394. Batters containing 5% white egg and 1.5% chitosan showed the lowest moisture content and the highest oil content among all the formulations. Crust models containing combination of white egg and chitosan were the darkest. Hardness of samples containing chitosan were the highest, specially for ch1.5 The mean hardness in 60, 120 and 180s of frying in this formulation were 21.518 ± 0.481, 36.871 ± 1.758 and 49.563 ± 1.847 respectively.
Seasonal contrasting changes of foliar concentrations of terpenes and other volatile organic compound in four dominant species of a Mediterranean shrubland submitted to a field experimental drought and warming

To test the effect of forecasted drought and warming conditions for the next decades by GCM and ecophysiological models on foliar concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and especially of volatile terpenes, we studied four typical Mediterranean woody plants (Pinus halepensis L., Pistacia lentiscus L., Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Globularia alypum L.) under a field experimental drought and warming generated using automatically sliding curtains. Terpenes were detected in the four studied species (R. officinalis L., P halepensis L., Pistacia lentiscus L. and G. alypum L.). In general, maximum concentrations of terpenes were found in the coldest periods and minimum concentrations in the summer. Their concentrations ranged between 0.003 mg g−1 DM (eugenol) in G. alypum under drought conditions and 37 mg g−1 DM in R. officinalis under control conditions. Main volatile terpenes found in all studied species except in G. alypum were α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene, β-phellandrene and caryophyllene. In general, VOC leaf concentrations increased when soil moisture increased and decreased when air temperature increased. However, contrasting not consistent responses to the drought and warming treatments were found among species, seasons and years. For example, in P. halepensis, the concentrations decreased in response to drought in winter and instead increased in summer. Contrarily, drought decreased concentrations in summer and increased them in winter in Pistacia lentiscus. In any case, the data on seasonal VOC concentration in Mediterranean woody species provided here will add new knowledge of seasonal variation in essential oil contents of these species. These data might help in the study of flammability of Mediterranean ecosystems and in improving prediction algorithms, inventories and modelling of monoterpene emissions in response to climate change, which mostly do not consider the changes in concentration under drought stress. However, the lack of general and consistent response patterns to increasing drought and warming among species, seasons and years found here makes this task difficult.
El deterioro cognitivo: una mirada previsora

Segun las proyecciones demograficas de hoy dia, se estima que la proporcion de personas mayores de 65 anos alcanzara el 20-25 % en el ano 2020.1 En la actualidad, el segmento de la piramide poblacional que mas se expande es el correspondiente a los mayores de 75 anos, mientras que la base se reduce drasticamente por la caida brutal de la natalidad. Esta tendencia al crecimiento constituira uno de los retos mas formidables a los que tendran que enfrentarse las sociedades occidentales en un futuro cercano.2
Leadership Styles' Importance On The Organisational Innovation And Creativity

Nowadays innovation and creativity are seen as the key things for keeping the leading position in the world markets. Creativity is the constituent that improves the organisations’ capability to preserve their competitive advantage as well as to stay ahead of their competitors. In order to achieve the required innovation and creativity, leadership style is an important issue (Adair, J.E. (2007). This article discusses the relationship between innovation and leadership as part of internal organisation, specifically, three leadership theories and intrinsic motivation, by using thematic analysis (Braub nad Clarke, 2006) and systematic literature review methodology (Tranfield et. al. 2003). 20 articles that were published between 2009 and 2014 have been analysed. As a result, seven prevalent themes are found out. These are creativity and innovation in the organisations, different innovation perspectives, different leadership styles, individual creativity, team innovation and intrinsic motivation and leader follower relationship.
Effects of Salicornia herbacea Powder on Quality Traits of Sun-Dried Hanwoo Beef Jerky during Storage

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality characteristics of sun-dried Hanwoo beef jerky added with Salicornia herbacea (SH). Sliced Hanwoo beef shank were marinated and sun-dried at 28-30oC, relative humidity (RH) 30-35% for 3.5 h. The physicochemical and microbiological traits of the Hanwoo beef jerky were analyzed during the aerobically packaged storage at 25oC. The water activities of beef jerky with 0.5% and 1.0% SH were lower than those of the control at 0 d (p<0.05). The pH values of beef jerky with SH were significantly higher than those of the control (p<0.05). The beef jerky with SH and ascorbic acid showed significantly lower TBARS values than the control (p<0.05). The beef jerky with SH showed a significantly lower redness (a*) than the control (p<0.05). Total plate count (TPC) of beef jerky with 1.0% SH was significantly lower than that of the control during the storage of 20 d (p<0.05). Yeast/mold was detected in the control and beef jerky with SH after storage periods of 10 and 20 d, but was not detected in jerky with ascorbic acid. With regard to the sensory properties, beef jerky with SH showed significantly greater flavor scores than the others (p<0.05). The result shows that SH powder can be used to increase the sensory quality and microbial safety of beef jerky.
Evaluation of antimicrobial activity and identification of yellow pigmented marine sponge-associated fungi from Teluk Awur, Jepara, Central Java

Marine sponge associated fungi are known as potential source of metabolites with various biological activities. Natural pigment is one of metabolite which produced by microorgisms. Several researches reported the antimicrobial activity from natural pigment. Unfortunatelly there are lack of information about marine fungi natural pigment and its producer. The aims of this research were to identify yellow pigmented Indonesian marine sponge-associated fungi, to extract the pigment, and to study the antimicrobial activity of the pigment against clinical MDR bacteria and clinical pathogenic fungi. Sponge associated-fungus isolate MT23 was successfully identified as Trichoderma parareesei . The fungal pigment could be extracted only in methanol with yield 6,22±0,29%. The pigment could inhibitted S. typhi and E. coli MDR strains. The biggest antibacterial activity was shown by concentration 1000µg/mL against S. typhi with inhibition zone was 4.03±0.06 mm.
"A Day in the Life:" A simulated experience

An experiential learning activity titled, “A Day in the Life” was implemented with nineteen baccalaureate nursing students in order to achieve a holistic understanding of the challenges faced by persons living with Schizophrenia and a physical disability, such as a fracture in an upper extremity or a visual impairment. The role play simulation required that students interact with public transportation and community resources, while assuming the role of a person with Schizophrenia and a physical disability. Using a qualitative descriptive methodology, reflective journals, aesthetic expressions, and post conference discussions about “A Day in the Life” were reviewed and analyzed by the authors. Two major themes were identified from the journal data: Changed Person, and Eye-Opening. Exemplars illustrating each theme are provided in the manuscript. Based on the results of this study, the authors believe that the role play simulation, “A Day in the Life” was effective in helping students to achieve a holistic understanding of the challenges faced by persons living with Schizophrenia and a physical disability. Further use of this experiential learning activity, with multi-method evaluation, along with short and long term follow-up is recommended.
Spectral stability of Schrödinger operators with subordinated complex potentials

We prove that the spectrum of Schroedinger operators in three dimensions is purely continuous and coincides with the non-negative semiaxis for all potentials satisfying a form-subordinate smallness condition. By developing the method of multipliers, we also establish the absence of point spectrum for Schroedinger operators in all dimensions under various alternative hypotheses, still allowing complex-valued potentials with critical singularities.
MWD for shallow water demultiple: a Hibernia case study

Summary Model-based Water-layer Demultiple (MWD) is a recently-developed method aimed at tackling the challenge of multiple attenuation in shallow water. MWD works by modeling the Green’s function of the water-bottom primary reflections based on a user-supplied water-layer model, then convolving it with the recorded data to predict water-layer-related multiples. In this paper, MWD is applied to Hibernia field data which has a water depth of around 70-90 meters. The results show that while SRME by itself has limited success, MWD is effective in attacking water-layer-related multiples. The effectiveness is attributed to the fact that MWD predicts the multiple models with correct relative amplitude and a spectrum similar to the input data’s. SRME, on the other hand, suffers in shallow-water situations, primarily due to cross-talk between multiples. Once the water-layer-related multiples are removed by MWD, SRME can then be applied to predict and eliminate other types of surface-related multiples which tend to have longer periodicity and less cross-talk. The combination of MWD and SRME is demonstrated as an effective demultiple package for shallow-water data and results in fewer residual multiples and better-preserved primaries over tau-p gapped deconvolution. This, in turn, contributes to a more realistic velocity model and, finally, higher quality images.
GRAZING MANAGEMENT, AMMONIA AND NITROUS OXIDE EMISSIONS: A GENERAL VIEW

The grazing management of grassland has a direct effect on nitrogen (N) recycling. This is an important reason why management has become an alternative to improve the grassland production and quality, in turn to make it more suitable for the environment. However, the livestock system intensification induces changes in the natural dynamics of the N cycle, accelerating gas emmisions (e.g. ammonia, NH3 and nitrous oxide, N2O) and leaching losses from soil under grazing. When the amount of N in the environment increases, there is an impact on smog episodes, global warming, stratospheric ozone depletion, acid rain and eutrophication of fresh water. There are different techniques to evaluate the gases emitted from the soil. This klonowledge is useful to design the strategies to reduce the negative consequences of theses gases on the environment. In this review, the effect of grazing managements on N gas emissions from soils and the current techniques for N gas emission measurements in the field and laboratories conditions are discussed.
On the mixing time of the Diaconis--Gangolli random walk on contingency tables over $\mathbb{Z}/ q \mathbb{Z}$

The Diaconis--Gangolli random walk is an algorithm that generates an almost uniform random graph with prescribed degrees. In this paper, we study the mixing time of the Diaconis--Gangolli random walk restricted on $n\times n$ contingency tables over $\mathbb{Z}/q\mathbb{Z}$. We prove that the random walk exhibits cutoff at $\frac{n^2}{4(1- \cos{\frac{2 \pi}{q}})} \log n, $ when $\log q=o\left (\frac{\sqrt{\log n}}{\log \log n}\right )$.