Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microwave-assisted ionic liquid microextraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of naphthoquinones from Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst

Abstract A simple, rapid, and green microwave-assisted ionic liquid microextraction was established and applied to the extraction of naphthoquinones in Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst. , including shikonin, acetylshikonin, and β,β′-dimethylacrylshikonin. In this study, 100 μL of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C6mim][PF6]) was used as extraction solvent. After the sample powder and ionic liquid were mixed homogeneously by the vortex, microwave extraction was performed. The sample extract was diluted with methanol and then filtered. Finally, the resulting solution was separated and determined by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection. In this work, the experimental parameters affecting the extraction yields, including size of sample particle, sample amount, type and volume of ionic liquid, microwave power, and time were optimized. The experimental results showed that the compounds have a good linear relationship (r > 0.9999). The limits of detection and quantification were 5.0–19.2 ng mL−1 and 16.7–63.9 ng mL−1. The spiked recoveries were between 76.95% and 93.55%. The intra-day and inter-day precision were lower than 3.14% and 8.53%, respectively. Compared with ultrasound-assisted extraction and soxhlet extraction, the present method consumed less sample, extraction solvent, and extraction time. So, the present method can be used for the extraction and determination of naphthoquinones in Chinese herbal medicine. Graphical Abstract
Mobility Management for Small Cells in 5G Ultra-Dense Wireless Network

One of the most anticipated approaches to overcoming the uncertainty of millimeter wave (mmWave) network is the deployment of ultra-dense small-cells in future fifth generation (5G). In order to produce a seamless and extremely dependable user mobility connection, mobility management is a crucial issue that needs to be solved. Given that fourth generation (4G) networks and 5G ultra dense small cells coexist, handover (HO) in heterogeneous networks (HetNets) has brought attention. The most frequent mobility problems in HetNets are handover rate and failure, which can be prevented by modifying handover control parameters (HCPs) such time-to-trigger (TTT) and handover margin (HOM). In this paper, a dynamic HCPs algorithm is proposed in HetNets that adapts HOM and TTT based on user speed and received signal reference power (RSRP). Furthermore, in a high-speed environment, the RSRP signal is used to predict travel time in order to reduce the number of unnecessary handover (UHO) and HO failure. For various user mobile speed scenarios, the proposed algorithm was compared to static HCPs. Finally, according to the simulation results, the dynamic HCPs algorithm greatly lowers the handover rate (HOR), handover ping pong rate (HOPP), and handover failure rate (HOF), hence enhancing network performance at varied mobile speeds.
Innovative Activated Carbon Based on Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) and H3PO4

In this present work, a novel method for synthesis of palm kernel shell activated carbon was established using DES (choline chloride/urea)/H3PO4 as the activating agent. The pore characterization, morphology, and adsorption properties of the activated carbons were investigated. The activated carbon samples made from the same feedstock at two pyrolysis temperatures (500 and 600 °C) were compared for their ability to adsorb Pb(II) in aqueous solution. The results demonstrated that the production of the activated carbon and adsorptive properties were significantly influenced by the pyrolysis temperature and the ratio of precursor to activating agent. DES/H3PO4 activated carbon (having surface area 1413 m2/g and total pore volume 0.6181 cm3/g) demonstrated good Pb(II) removal. Although all the tested activated carbon samples adsorbed Pb(II) from aqueous solution, they demonstrated different adsorption capabilities according to their various properties. The pyrolysis temperature, however, showed little influence on the activated carbon adsorption of Pb(II) when compared to the impregnation ratio. Their good desorption performance perhaps resulted from the porous structure.
Optimaliseren van de hydrolytische efficiëntie van Trichoderma reesei- enzymcocktails

The conversion of the lignocellulosic biomass to bioethanol consists out of several processes; the two main processes are enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. For an optimal conversion of the biomass, an efficient pretreatment and a high glucose and xylose conversion during the enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation are a necessity. The conversion into monosaccharides is a complex and costly process, the enzymatic hydrolysis is one of the major bottlenecks of the process. The filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei is an efficient producer of cellulases and hemicellulases. After multiple rounds of mutagenesis and selection, starting from the wildtype strain QM6a, the cellulase overproducing strain RUT-C30 has been obtained. For the optimization of the enzymatic hydrolysis, two different experiments were carried out: the enzyme dosage experiments and the addition experiments. The enzymatic hydrolysis of NH3 pretreated Miscanthus was assessed at eight different enzyme dosages (0,25 25 mg enzyme/g biomass) using enzyme dosage experiments. To do this, different enzyme strains (QM6a and RUT-C30) and inducers were used. Optimization of the T. reesei enzyme cocktails was performed via addition experiments. The industrial enzyme mixtures, Accellerase (Acc) Trio and Acc 1500, and RM were used as the core enzyme mixtures in combination with the accessory enzyme mixtures QM and Novozyme 188. Conclusion: The enzyme dosage experiments demonstrated that (i) the industrial enzyme cocktails exhibit an improved enzymatic hydrolysis in comparison with the self-produced enzyme mixtures and (ii) the enzyme mixture RUT-C30 induced by Miscanthus can achieve an efficiency equivalent to the industrial mixtures. QM and Novozyme 188 were used as accessory enzyme mixtures in combination with the core enzyme mixtures Acc Trio, Acc 1500 and RM. The addition experiments showed that addition of QM can improve the hydrolytic efficiency of core enzyme mixtures.
Chitosan molecularly imprinted polymers cross linked with (E)-3, 7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienoic acid, With Binding Sites For Phenylalanine Amide .

Here we present molecularly imprinted polymer materials having Geranic acid as cross linker, Phenylalanine amide templated cavities within a Chitosan matrix synthesized in a Phosphate buffer saline solution (pH 7.4) porogen; as recognition material for selective entrapment of cigarette smoke carcinogens. Functional group studies of the prepolymer and polymerized products confirmed cross linking and polymerization. Transmission Electron Micrograms show hollow cavities with diameters ranging from 100 to 200nm. Thermal profile of the samples, presented them with average decomposition temperatures above 110 o C with initial weight loss of less than 1%. Surface morphology of products shows them as being spherical and Nano sized. Rebinding studies gave a maximum template material adsorption of 78.25% and minimum of 59.6% for real-life experiments with imprinting factors of between 1 and 12.5. Consequently products from this activity will serve as better environmentally friendly, recyclable and sustainable option to existing synthetic based filter materials.
Keggin-structure heteropolyacid supported on alumina to be used in trans/esterification of high-acid feedstocks

Heteropolyacids (HPA) with Keggin structures, such as H3PMo12O40 (H3PMo), have been described as efficient catalysts in trans/esterification reactions due to their tolerance to water and free fatty acids contents, with particularly well-suited characteristics of high proton mobility and stability. The versatile array of HPA is considerably increased when such catalysts are supported onto solid matrices. In this sense, Al2O3 was assessed as support for H3PMo to be used in trans/esterification reactions to produce biodiesel from high-acid feedstocks. The catalyst structure was characterized and applied on trans/esterification reaction of acid oils using ethanol as acyl acceptor. A face centered composite design was employed to conduct the experimental design and results analysis, taking macaw palm oil as study model. The process achieved an optimum level of 99.8% ester content and 4.1 mm2 s−1 viscosity under the following reaction conditions: 190 °C reaction temperature, 50 : 1 ethanol-to-oil molar ratio and 13.0% catalyst concentration. Other tested feedstocks (fungal single cell oil and residual frying oil) were also tested promoting satisfactory results, though the parameters were found to be slightly outside the limits set by the USA (ASTM D6715) standard. The H3PMo/Al2O3 catalyst presented good regeneration and can be reused for up to four reaction cycles and requires lower ethanol-to-oil ratio, temperature, and catalyst concentration in comparison with other data from the literature.
Bringing Synthetic Optogenetics to the Clinic

The history and progress in neuroscience goes hand-in-hand with the development of tools, mostly because the brain is extremely difficult to study. Not only is it physically inaccessible, it also houses billions of different cells [1], interweaved in complex patterns of connectivity [2]. The advent of modern optical tools marks a new era for neuroscience; with optogenetics representing an emerging class of such transformative tools [3]. This method makes use of light (i.e., opto) to control the function of select proteins (i.e., genetics); to then modulate cellular function. Optogenetic tools make clever use of various light-sensitive proteins found in nature, known as photoreceptors. The outcome of photoreceptor activation on cellular function depends on the type of photoreceptor used. For example, increase in neuronal excitability can be obtained when a light-gated channel, specifically channelrhodopsin, is photoactivated [4,5]. Here, we would like to focus on a sister approach, recently titled synthetic optogenetics [6]. Synthetic optogenetics, which first emerged in 1968 [7], provides the means to control protein and cellular function by light, but with the help of synthetic chromophores; entitled photoswitches.
Transport Phenomenon of Nanoparticles in Animals and Humans

Nanoparticles (NPs) are microscopic objects with at least one dimension less than 100 nm. These were first discovered by Michael Faraday in 1857 when he prepared gold nanoparticles and observed that nanostructured gold produced red color. This distinct feature of nanoparticles could be due to very small size. NPs are very small compared to the wavelengths of light, hence absorb light in the blue-green portion of the spectrum (~450 nm) and reflect the red light (~700 nm) thus yield a rich red color. NPs also possess very high surface to mass ratio that could be utilized in several application areas wherein a very high surface area is required. Nanoparticles witnessed tremendous growth in research and application areas especially in medicine in twentieth century after discovery of carbon nanotubes in 1991. Nanoparticles have been explored in medicine as targeted delivery carriers to deliver macromolecules such as proteins, enzymes, to the target organ up to cellular levels. Of late, these carriers have been employed to treat several tumors owing to its capacity to deliver chemotherapeutic agents to the tumor cells only thus improving efficacy and minimizing side effects of anticancer agents.
Dough bread from refined wheat flour partially replaced by grape peels: Optimizing the rheological properties

The valorization of grape peels by‐product to supplement wheat bread has immense potential, particularly in refined wheat flour (RWF) to increase the dietary fibers. The main aims of this study were successful modeling of dough rheological properties using predictive models, investigating the effect of factors, grape peels flour (GPF) variety, level and particle size (PS) of GPF added in RWF on responses, and finally, optimizing the formulation with respect to dough rheological behavior. The rheological properties of grape peels–wheat composite flour formulated with GPF from two variety and increasing levels of GPF (0–9%) in the presence of different PS (large, L > 500 μm; medium, 200 μm > M .82) developed to predict dough rheological properties highlighted an improved estimation and predictive capabilities compared with response surface methodology models (R² > .77). The multiobjective optimization approach allowed anticipation of the optimal value for each response in terms of dough rheological properties as function of GPF from white variety of small PS, which replaced RWF at level of 3.81%. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In the composite flour formulation to produce effectiveness and nutritive bread, optimizing dough rheology in relation to the formulation factors represents the actual need for the bread‐making industry. Dough behavior during mixing (water absorption, dough stability, dough development time, and degree of softening), alveograph parameters (dough tenacity, extensibility, and deformation energy), and dynamic rheological properties (elastic modulus, viscous modulus, loss tangent, and complex viscosity) are considered essential to optimization of grape peels–wheat composite flour formulation. The current study revealed the efficacy of modeling and optimization between response surface and artificial neural network techniques for the grape peels–wheat flour dough rheological properties. The information given from this study would help the industry to develop new bread‐making products with the desired particle size with optimum functional and nutritional properties.
Direct Mom solution of electrically large problems with N2 complexity

A new fast direct (non iterative) method for the solution of electromagnetic scattering and radiation problems with the MoM is presented, the Multiscale Compressed Block Decomposition. The computational complexity of the method is theoretically shown to be N2. The monostatic RCS of the NASA almond at 75 GHz is computed for 1,000 incidence angles, using over one million RWG basis function, with an overall computation time of 72 hours.
Adaptive execution method for multithreaded processor based parallel systems

How the present invention by using a multi-threaded processor based to reflect the structural properties of a parallel system using a performance prediction model at compile time or when running, predict the performance of the parallel loop of the next adaptive execution method for executing a parallel program, It relates to, The method of the present invention and the step of executing a single loop constituting the generating a thread as much as the physical processor number of a parallel system for the execution of parallel loops with more than one, the parallel loops within the parallel program through the thread the execution time for the execution of the single-loop, by determining the number of the thread used to execute each of the parallel loop a step of measuring the number and cache miss the number of executed instructions and, based on the measured value depending on the determination result, and determining a run mode, each of the parallel loop and assigning the threads on each of the physical processor, characterized by including the step of running each of the parallel loop. The present invention through the configuration as described above can dramatically improve the performance of a parallel program that runs on a parallel system based on multi-threaded. Parallel system, a parallel program, the parallel loop, the threads
Changes in Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity of Coffee under Different Roasting Conditions

Roasting has revealed coffee’s potentials as a good source of bioactive compounds. This study was done to investigate the quantitative presence and activity of bioactive compounds including caffeine, chlorogenic acid (CGA), amino acids, and antioxidant capacity on Coffea arabica L. (Guatemala finca San Sebastian) and C. robusta L. (India Azad Hind). Analysis was performed on Green Bean (GB) Medium-Light (ML), Medium (ME) and Medium-Dark (MD) samples of both varieties. From the results, caffeine content was highest in ME samples of both varieties. GB samples of both varieties had high CGA content which decreased after increasing roasting time and temperature. Most amino acids in GB samples was highest, however, glutamic acid, valine, tyrosine, isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine had highest quantitative increase in ME samples for both varieties. IC50 of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity was highest in ML samples of both varieties. IC50 of reducing power and total phenolic content was highest in GB sample of both varieties but decreased after increasing roasting conditions. Generally Robusta had the highest quantity of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. From this study, the optimal roasting condition for coffee is ME above which there is a significant reduction of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity.
Convolutional neural networks and face recognition task

Computer vision tasks are remaining very important for the last couple of years. One of the most complicated problems in computer vision is face recognition that could be used in security systems to provide safety and to identify person among the others. There is a variety of different approaches to solve this task, but there is still no universal solution that would give adequate results in some cases. Current paper presents following approach. Firstly, we extract an area containing face, then we use Canny edge detector. On the next stage we use convolutional neural networks (CNN) to finally solve face recognition and person identification task.
Digital evaluation of a simplified technique for resin splinting used for multiunit implant restoration impressions: An in-vitro comparative study

Objectives: This study aims to simplify the conventional resin-on-floss splinting technique and study the precision of this modified multiimplant impression technique. Material and Methods: Twenty-four (n=24) impressions were done for one mandibular completely edentulous model with six implants placed at the canines, first premolars and first molars. Group I (n=12) used the sectional resin-on-floss splinting technique. Group II (n=12) used the simplified tray-resin splint technique. The reference model and casts were scanned. Obtained STLs were aligned. Virtual implants on each cast were compared to reference model measuring angular and positional deviations. All variables and were compared at p value <. 05. Results: Group I had significantly lower differences in angular deviations in vertical and horizontal axes of each implant except the left first molar implant, vertically, and the left first premolar implant, horizontally. The overall angular deviations of all implants were significantly lower in group I at the vertical axis. Group I had significantly lower positional deviations in XY axes of each implant except the left first molar implant. Group I showed significantly lower values on the left canine and left first premolar implant in the Z axis. The overall positional deviations of each implant of group I were significantly lower on the left canine and right first molar implants. The overall positional deviations of all implants were significantly lower in group I at the XY axes. Conclusions: Conventional resin-on-floss technique showed less deviation values. Values of both techniques remained within the accepted level of clinical misfit values proposed in literature.
Neuropeptide Y receptors mediate ERK1/2 activation via transactivation of the IGF receptor

Neuropeptide Y binds to G-protein coupled receptors whose action results in inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity. Using HEK293 cells stably expressing the native neuropeptide Y Y1 receptors, we found that the NPY agonist elicits a transient phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2). We first show that ERK1/2 activation following Y1 receptor stimulation is dependent on heterotrimeric Gi/o since it is completely inhibited by pre-treatment with pertussis toxin. In addition, ERK1/2 activation is internalization-independent since mutant Y1 receptors unable to recruit β-arrestins, can still activate ERK signaling to the same extent as wild-type receptors. We next show that this activation of the MAPK pathway is inhibited by the MEK inhibitor U0126, is not dependent on calcium signaling at the Y1 receptor (no effect upon inhibition of phospholipase C, protein kinase C or protein kinase D) but instead dependent on Gβ/γ and associated signaling pathways that activate PI3-kinase. Although inhibition of the epidermal-growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase did not influence NPY-induced ERK1/2 activation, we show that the inhibition of insulin growth factor receptor IGFR by AG1024 completely blocks activation of ERK1/2 by the Y1 receptor. This Gβ/γ-PI3K-AG1024-sensitive pathway does not involve activation of IGFR through the release of a soluble ligand by metalloproteinases since it is not affected by the metalloproteinase inhibitor marimastat. Finally, we found that a similar pathway, sensitive to wortmannin-AG1024 but insensitive to marimastat, is implicated in activation of ERK signaling in HEK293 cells by endogenously expressed GPCRs coupled to Gq-protein (muscarinic M3 receptors) or coupled to Gs-protein (endothelin ETB receptors). Our analysis is the first to show that β-arrestin recruitment to the NPY Y1 receptor is not necessary for MAPK activation by this receptor but that transactivation of the IGFR receptor is required.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation on Aqueous Solution of Calcium Carbonate System

Molecular dynamics simulation was used to investigate two models of aqueous solution ofcalcium carbonate system between 283K and 373K. The diffusion coefficients of water moleculesdemonstrated that both the electropositive surface (110) on Model-I and neutral surface (104) onModel-II showed interaction with the water molecules, and the surface (110) exhibited strongerelectrostatic interaction with water molecules than the latter, besides obvious anomaly appeared near343K on Model-I. On the other hand, surface (110) exhibited anomalous influences on Ca2+ andCO32- ions near 313K and 343K on Model-I, and only a broad anomaly on CO32- ions near 343K onModel-II. The binding energies between surface (110) / (104) and Ca2+ /CO32- ions demonstrated thatthe surface (104)were more favorable for the growth of the new crystal but weak for the diffusion.