Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving Diabetes Outcomes Using a Web‐Based Registry and Interactive Education: A Multisite Collaborative Approach

Introduction: To support the adoption of guideline concordant care by primary care practices, the New York Diabetes Coalition (NYDC) promoted use of an electronic diabetes registry and developed an interactive educational module on using the registry and improving patient communication. The NYDC hypothesized that use of a registry with immediate feedback would achieve measurable and clinically meaningful improvement in the proportion of patients at goal for diabetes health metrics. Research Design and Methods: In 2006‐2007, the NYDC recruited 7 small to midsized primary care practices to implement the registry and to receive education and coaching on registry use, practice work flow, and patient engagement. The patient cohort included those with 2 or more visits with a diagnosis of diabetes within a 12‐month period. Each patient's health measure status (at goal, above goal, not recorded) was assessed quarterly for hemoglobin A1C, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), and blood pressure (BP), and most recent A1C value was noted. A cohort analysis was performed using random effects regression models to assess the impact of the registry over time for each diabetes health metric. Results: After controlling for variability between sites, with each subsequent quarter during the registry period patients were 1.4 times more likely to have A1C ≤ 9, almost twice (OR = 1.8) as likely to have LDL < 100, and 1.3 times more likely to have BP < 140/90. These improvements in compliance were statistically significant. Average A1C also improved over time, though this did not reach statistical significance. Discussion: Utilizing a Web‐based registry and interactive education, the project demonstrated improved patient outcomes, as well as the feasibility of collecting aggregate data from unrelated, independent practices.
Occupational Exposure to 131I—A Case Study

AbstractIn a laboratory in a company manufacturing radiopharmaceuticals, a laboratory technician was contaminated with 131I. The employee was preparing 131I capsules for thyroid carcinoma treatment. The employee was wearing two pairs of protective gloves and, when changing gloves, noticed a rupture in the right inner glove but no visible rupture in the outer glove. Only 3-4 h later, routine monitoring revealed heavy contamination of the back of the right hand. Immediate actions to decontaminate the hand were taken on-site. Stable iodine was not administered. On the next day, besides persisting heavy contamination of the hand, 131I was also detected in the thyroid gland. Based on original measurements on-site and later follow-up at STUK, including surface contamination measurements and whole body counting, the original 131I activity on the hand was estimated at 12 MBq and the superficial skin dose at 33 Gy, affecting a skin area of about 10 cm2. The thyroid dose was estimated at 430 mGy. Eleven days after the incident, the skin was dry and slightly desquamated. After 15 d, the skin was intact with no desquamation left. No further signs of skin damage have occurred. Cytogenetic analysis of circulating lymphocytes indicated a slight elevation of chromosomal aberrations.
The Impact of the SAGE & THYME Foundation Level Workshop on Factors Influencing Communication Skills in Health Care Professionals

Introduction: The “SAGE & THYME Foundation Level Workshop” delivers evidence‐based communication skills training to 30 health care workers in 3 hours. It teaches a structured approach (the SAGE & THYME model) to discuss patient/carer concerns. The aim of this study was to determine whether the workshop had a positive outcome on factors that influence communication skills. Methods: The study had a pragmatic, mixed methods design. Workshops were run in an acute hospital. One hundred seventy health care workers completed questionnaires pre‐ and post‐workshop; 141 were sent follow‐up questionnaires at 2 weeks and 2 months; and 9 were filmed talking to a simulated patient pre‐ and post‐workshop. Results: From pre‐ to post‐workshop, there was a significant increase in knowledge (p < 0.001), self‐efficacy (p < 0.001), and outcome expectancy (p < 0.001). An expert's rating of behavior with the simulated patient also significantly increased after the training (p = 0.011). Motivation to use the training, and the perceived usefulness of the SAGE & THYME model, were high post‐workshop. There was a poor response rate in the follow‐up period; hence, the quantitative data are not reported. The qualitative data are described, however, as they give an insight into the impact of the training on staff and their patients. Discussion: The SAGE & THYME Foundation Level Workshop significantly increases communication skills knowledge, self‐efficacy, and outcome expectancy of hospital health care workers who are predominantly white, female, nursing, or nonclinical staff. This suggests that the workshop may have a positive impact on some factors influencing communication skills in this group.
Survey burden, response rates, and the tragedy of the commons.

Surveys are an essential tool in the repertoire of educational researchers and evaluators. However, overuse of surveys— whether they be end-of-course evaluations, needs assessments, or opinion polls—can undermine their utility. * In this editorial, I argue that indiscriminate use of surveys may be undercutting their effectiveness as a data collection approach by creating survey fatigue and lowering response rates. Concerted efforts are needed to husband and optimize the use of an endangered resource: the cooperation of survey populations we seek to describe and understand. In the analysis that follows, I focus on self-administered online surveys, but my observations can be applied to other modes as well, including interviews, mail questionnaires, and focus groups.
How and where the R&D takes place in creative industries? Digital investment strategies of the book publishing sector*

ABSTRACT The innovative and strategic models of creative industries (CIs) in the digital economy are capturing an increasing interest in recent years. Yet, most of the literature deals with creation and talent and very little with technological and innovation perspectives. Innovation is in general considered from a single viewpoint: a means to develop new creative contents. This article investigates an important issue that has been surprisingly neglected in scientific literature and public reports: the topic of R&D and technological innovations in CIs. The article characterises how and where R&D takes place in the book publishing industry. A systematic identification of R&D developments concerning e-book technology has been achieved using an original methodology set up to feature the technological strategic evolutions. The results provide a reliable cartography of the value chain through an adaptation of the open systems interconnection layers model. This framework helps to understand the new digital ecosystem of the book publishing sector and the strategies carried out by the editorial houses.
Replacement and desmoplastic histopathological growth patterns: A pilot study of prediction of outcome in patients with uveal melanoma liver metastases

Up to 50% of uveal melanomas (UM) metastasise to the liver within 10 years of diagnosis, and these almost always prove rapidly fatal. As histopathological growth patterns (HGPs) of liver metastases of the replacement and desmoplastic type, particularly from colon and breast carcinoma, may import valuable biological and prognostic information, we have studied HGP in a series of 41 UM liver metastases originating from 41 patients from the period 2006–2017. Twenty patients underwent enucleation while 21 had radiation therapy. Analysis of UM by array comparative genomic hybridisation revealed: 25 (64%) patients with high risk (monosomy3/8q gain); 13 (33%) intermediate risk (M3/8normal or disomy3/8q gain); and 1 low risk (disomy3/8normal). The principal HGP was replacement in 30 (73%) cases and desmoplastic in 11 (27%) cases. Cases with replacement demonstrated striking vascular co‐option/angiotropism. With the development of liver metastasis, only the replacement pattern, largest primary tumour diameter, and R2 (incomplete resection) status predicted diminished overall survival (OS; p < 0.041, p < 0.017, p < 0.047, respectively). On multivariate analysis, only HGP (hazard ratio; HR = 6.51, p = 0.008) and resection status remained significant. The genomic high‐risk variable had no prognostic value at this stage of liver metastasis. Chi‐square test showed no association of HGP with monosomy 3 or 8q gain. Eighteen of 41 (44%) patients are alive with disease and 23 (56%) patients died with follow‐up ranging from 12 to 318 months (mean: 70 months, median: 47 months). In conclusion, we report for the first time the frequency of the replacement and desmoplastic HGPs in liver UM metastases resected from living patients, and their potential important prognostic value for UM patients, as in other solid cancers. These results may potentially be utilised to develop radiological correlates and therapeutic targets for following and treating patients with UM metastases.
Effects of Intravenous Fructose Infusion on Sodium Handling and Peripheral Vascular Tone in Pre-Hypertensive Subjects

The hemodynamic and humoral effects of i.v. fructose infusion and a control infusion were studied in 12 borderline hypertensive patients according to a single-blind, cross-over, randomized protocol. Fructose infusion decreased urinary sodium excretion and significantly increased plasma insulin, plasma Na+/K+ ATPase inhibitory activity, and forearm arterial and venous tone (+13%), the last of which was not observed during the control infusion (-2.5%). Levels of ANF and PRA in plasma were not altered by either infusion. We conclude that the sodium retention caused by acute i.v. fructose loading could be related to the increase in plasma insulin levels, which may directly affect individual susceptibility to sodium by enhancing sodium reabsorption at renal tubules. This sodium retention could contribute to the release of a plasma Na+-pump inhibitor apparently unrelated to extracellular volume expansion and potentially responsible for the early peripheral vascular involvement found in hypertension-prone men. (Hypertens Res 1994; 17: 239-242)
Support-vector-based emergent self-organising approach for emotional understanding

This study discusses the computational analysis of general emotion understanding from questionnaires methodology. The questionnaires method approaches the subject by investigating the real experience that accompanied the emotions, whereas the other laboratory approaches are generally associated with exaggerated elements. We adopted a connectionist model called support-vector-based emergent self-organising map (SVESOM) to analyse the emotion profiling from the questionnaires method. The SVESOM first identifies the important variables by giving discriminative features with high ranking. The classifier then performs the classification based on the selected features. Experimental results show that the top rank features are in line with the work of Scherer and Wallbott [(1994), ‘Evidence for Universality and Cultural Variation of Differential Emotion Response Patterning’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 310–328], which approached the emotions physiologically. While the performance measures show that using the full features for classifications can degrade the performance, the selected features provide superior results in terms of accuracy and generalisation.
The relationship between patients' perception of care and measures of hospital quality and safety.

BACKGROUND The extent to which patient experiences with hospital care are related to other measures of hospital quality and safety is unknown. METHODS; We examined the relationship between Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems scores and technical measures of quality and safety using service-line specific data in 927 hospitals. We used data from the Hospital Quality Alliance to assess technical performance in medical and surgical processes of care and calculated Patient Safety Indicators to measure medical and surgical complication rates. RESULTS The overall rating of the hospital and willingness to recommend the hospital had strong relationships with technical performance in all medical conditions and surgical care (correlation coefficients ranging from 0.15 to 0.63; p<.05 for all). Better patient experiences for each measure domain were associated with lower decubitus ulcer rates (correlations -0.17 to -0.35; p<.05 for all), and for at least some domains with each of the other assessed complications, such as infections due to medical care. CONCLUSIONS Patient experiences of care were related to measures of technical quality of care, supporting their validity as summary measures of hospital quality. Further study may elucidate implications of these relationships for improving hospital care.
Principles of robotics: regulating robots in the real world

ABSTRACT This paper proposes a set of five ethical principles, together with seven high-level messages, as a basis for responsible robotics. The Principles of Robotics were drafted in 2010 and published online in 2011. Since then the principles have influenced, and continue to influence, a number of initiatives in robot ethics but have not, to date, been formally published. This paper remedies that omission.
Designing and implementing transparency for real time inspection of autonomous robots

ABSTRACT The EPSRC's Principles of Robotics advises the implementation of transparency in robotic systems, however research related to AI transparency is in its infancy. This paper introduces the reader of the importance of having transparent inspection of intelligent agents and provides guidance for good practice when developing such agents. By considering and expanding upon other prominent definitions found in literature, we provide a robust definition of transparency as a mechanism to expose the decision-making of a robot. The paper continues by addressing potential design decisions developers need to consider when designing and developing transparent systems. Finally, we describe our new interactive intelligence editor, designed to visualise, develop and debug real-time intelligence.
Rapporteur’s report

ABSTRACT This report summarises the papers, presentations and discussion of the Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behaviour special workshop re-evaluating the Engineering and Physical Science and Arts and Humanities Research Councils (EPSRC and AHRC) 2010 Principles of Robotics. We describe the call for papers re-examining the workshop, summarise the papers and discussions that took place, and the voting that lead to our workshop adopting a series of proposals for amending the original Principles. The workshop discussed and voted on 14 specific “amendments, additions, or reflections” on the Principles. Of these, 9 out 14 were adopted by majority vote, 6 receiving strong support (67% or more in favour), 1 majority support (53%), with several of the remaining receiving mixed support of between 33% and 47%. An important and unanimous conclusion of the workshop was that “the Principles should be amended through a thorough and inclusive process”. Adopted proposals also highlighted the need to “focus on the protection of humanity” from possible future risks created by AI and robotics, and to take into account how society is changing and adapting to technological advances.
Analysis of the EPSRC Principles of Robotics in regard to key research topics

ABSTRACT In this paper, we review the five rules published in EPSRC Principles of Robotics with a specific focus on future robotics research topics. It is demonstrated through a pictorial representation of the five rules that these rules are questionably not sufficient, overlapping and not explicitly reflecting the true challenges of robotics ethics in relation to the future of robotics research.
An investigation of a personal norm of condom-use responsibility among African American crack cocaine smokers

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the unique contribution of a personal norm of condom-use responsibility to the formation of intentions to use male condoms during vaginal sex. Data were collected from 402 male and 157 female heterosexual African American crack cocaine smokers in Houston, Texas, US. Two structural equation models of the intention to use a condom with the last sex partner were estimated. One model included measures of condom-use attitudes, subjective norms and condom-use self-efficacy. A second model included these three measures and a fourth measure of a personal norm of condom-use responsibility. Separate models were estimated for men and women. The addition of a personal norm of condom-use responsibility provided a significantly better fit to the data than did models including only outcome expectations, subjective norms and self-efficacy. Results also showed distinctly different underlying cognitive structures of condom-use intention for men and women. A personal norm of condom-use responsibility had a strong direct effect on men's intentions to use condoms with the last sex partner. Other variables appeared to have no direct effect on men's intentions. Women's intentions were strongly influenced by a personal norm and social subjective norms. Situational self-efficacy and outcome expectations had weaker, yet significant, effects on women's intentions. Given the strong effect of personal norms on men's intentions to use condoms, further research should be undertaken.
An assessment of the understanding of the offer of routine HIV testing among pregnant women in rural Zimbabwe1

Abstract The objective of this study is to assess the understanding of routine offer of HIV testing among women using antenatal care (ANC) services in a rural African district. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted in Murewa district, Zimbabwe, among women consecutively enrolled during their first ANC visit in 10 health centres offering prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV services including routine offer of HIV testing. Ninety-three (64%) ofthe 146 respondents had received some form ofeducation on the importance ofHIV testing before visiting the health centre on the day of their interview. Almost all respondents (n=139; 95%) felt that the information provided during the group education was sufficient to make a decision on whether or not they should have an HIV test. HIV testing uptake was high with 136 (93%) women being tested for HIV on the day ofthe interview. Ofthese, 128 (94%) were aware that they had been tested for HIV when interviewed before the time of receiving results. Fifty percent (n=67) ofthe women who accepted HIV testing directly after group education as part oftheir routine ANC blood tests were not aware, however, ofthe possibility of opting for individual pre-test counseling. The study found that in Zimbabwe, implementation of routine offer of HIV testing allowed women using ANC services to make an informed conscious decision to undertake an HIV test as part of the PMTCT package ofservices. There is a need to emphasize the availability off urther individual pre-test counseling if necessary since a selected subgroup of women may still benefit from it.
Acceptance of HIV testing among women attending antenatal care in south-western Uganda: risk factors and reasons for test refusal

Abstract A problem commonly encountered in programs for prevention of mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT) of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa is low rates of HIV test acceptance among pregnant women. In this study, we examined risk factors and reasons for HIV test refusal among 432 women attending three antenatal care clinics offering PMTCT in urban and semi-urban parts of the Mbarara district, Uganda. Structured interviews were performed following pre-test counselling. Three-hundred-eighty women were included in the study, 323 (85%) of whom accepted HIV testing. In multivariate analysis, testing site (Site A: OR = 1.0; Site B: OR = 3.08; 95%CI: 1.12–8.46; Site C: OR = 5.93; 95%CI: 2.94–11.98), age between 30 and 34 years (<20 years: OR = 1.0; 20–24 years: OR = 1.81; 95%CI: 0.58–5.67; 25–29 years: OR = 2.15; 95%CI: 0.66–6.97; 30–34 years: OR = 3.88; 95%CI: 1.21–13.41), mistrust in reliability of the HIV test (OR = 20.60; 95%CI: 3.24–131.0) and not having been tested for HIV previously (OR = 2.15; 95%CI: 1.02–4.54) were associated with test refusal. Testing sites operating for longer durations had higher rates of acceptance. The most common reasons claimed for test refusal were: lack of access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-infected women (88%; n=57), a need to discuss with partner before decision (82%; n=57) and fear of partner's reaction (54%; n=57). Comparison with previous periods showed that the acceptance rate increased with the duration of the program. Our study identified risk factors for HIV test refusal among pregnant women in Uganda and common reasons for not accepting testing. These findings may suggest modifications and improvements in the performance of HIV testing in this and similar populations.
MRI of Cortical Dysgenesis

for 8.8% and multiple factors for 14.9%. In 31.5%, no cause could be assigned (6). In many of the cryptogenic cases, the new imaging or genetic methods would be likely to detect congenital lesions. In a survey of cerebral palsy, epilepsy was found in 52% of those with severe cerebral palsy and in 23% of those with mild or moderate cerebral palsy. The frequency of epilepsy was correlated with . the degree of mental and motor disability. Clinical features can be categorised under three main headings:
CHECKING THE FOUNDATION: RECENT RADIOBIOLOGY AND THE LINEAR NO-THRESHOLD THEORY

The linear no-threshold (LNT) theory has been adopted as the foundation of radiation protection standards and risk estimation for several decades. The “microdosimetric argument” has been offered in support of the LNT theory. This argument postulates that energy is deposited in critical cellular targets by radiation in a linear fashion across all doses down to zero, and that this in turn implies a linear relationship between dose and biological effect across all doses. This paper examines whether the microdosimetric argument holds at the lowest levels of biological organization following low dose, low dose-rate exposures to ionizing radiation. The assumptions of the microdosimetric argument are evaluated in light of recent radiobiological studies on radiation damage in biological molecules and cellular and tissue level responses to radiation damage. There is strong evidence that radiation initially deposits energy in biological molecules (e.g., DNA) in a linear fashion, and that this energy deposition results in various forms of prompt DNA damage that may be produced in a pattern that is distinct from endogenous (e.g., oxidative) damage. However, a large and rapidly growing body of radiobiological evidence indicates that cell and tissue level responses to this damage, particularly at low doses and/or dose-rates, are nonlinear and may exhibit thresholds. To the extent that responses observed at lower levels of biological organization in vitro are predictive of carcinogenesis observed in vivo, this evidence directly contradicts the assumptions upon which the microdosimetric argument is based.