Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pedestrian Injury Severity in Automobile Crashes

This paper analyzes pedestrian injury severity from automobile crashes at signalized intersections in a medium-size city. It estimates an ordered logit model of injury severity and finds that vehicle type, gender, land-use, speed limit, traffic volume, the presence of sidewalks and visual-obstruction significantly explain pedestrian injury severity in vehicle-pedestrian crashes at signalized intersections. Females also are found to be disproportionately involved in these crashes, while sidewalks increase the probability of a pedestrian sustaining a serious injury, passenger cars, sport utility vehicles and pickups are associated with less severe pedestrian injuries.
Solution structure of the DNA‐binding domain of the TyrR protein of Haemophilus influenzae

The TyrR protein of Haemophilus influenzae is a 36‐kD transcription factor whose major function is to control the expression of genes important in the biosynthesis and transport of aromatic amino acids. Using 1H and 15N NMR spectroscopy, we have determined the 3D solution structure of the TyrR C‐terminal DNA‐binding domain (DBD) containing residues from 258 to 318 (TyrR[258–318]). The NMR results show that this segment of TyrR consists of a potential hinge helix at its N terminus (residues 263–270) as well as three well‐defined α‐helices extending from residues 277–289 (HR‐2), 293–300 (HR‐1), and 304–314 (HR). Helix HR‐1 and HR fold in a typical helix–turn–helix (HTH) motif. The three helices and the hinge helix are tightly bound together by hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonds. Several hydrophilic residues whose side chains may directly interact with DNA are identified. A hydrophobic patch that may be part of the interaction surface between the domains of TyrR protein is also observed. Comparisons with the structures of other HTH DNA‐binding proteins reveal that in terms of the spatial orientation of the three helices, this protein most closely resembles the cap family.
Initial Experience of Face Augmentation Using Fat Graft-Platlet Rich Plasma Mix

Plastic surgeons accustomed to use autologous fat grafs for augmentation of soft tissues in the last two decades. The main drawback of fat grafting is unpredictable graft resorption. Several studies have searched for new ways of increasing the viability of the transplanted tissue to overcome this disadvantage. The most recent and promising approach is to mix the fat graft with Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) before transplantation. The purpose of this article is to present the initial experience using the autologous fat injection with platlet rich plasma as a method for fascial augmentation.
Early phacoemulsification in diabetic cataract for early recognition and management of diabetic macular oedema.

OBJECTIVE To get optimal visualization of fundus by early phacoemulsification in diabetic cataract for early recognition and management of diabetic macular oedema. STUDY DESIGN Interventional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Ophthalmology Unit III, Sindh Government Lyari General Hospital and Dow University of Health Sciences and Al-Noor Eye Hospital, Karachi, from July 2008 to June 2009. METHODOLOGY Patients with uncontrolled type-II diabetes mellitus of more than 10 years of duration were selected. Patients with clinical significant macular oedema (CSME), non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) were excluded. Follow-up was done on day 1, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months. RESULTS The male to female ratio was 1:1.44. Out of 218 patients; 129 (59.2%) were males and 89 (40.8%) were females. CSME was found in 82 patients (37.6%) at first postoperative week which declined to 29 cases (13.3%) at first month follow-up. Three subjects developed mild to moderate NPDR. In majority of the subjects, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) gradually improved in each subsequent follow-up visit. CONCLUSION Early phacoemulsification in diabetic cataract offers optimal posterior pole visualization and clears the ambiguity of decreased vision either caused by cataract or macular oedema. Uncomplicated phacoemulsification does not accelerate diabetic macular oedema or retinopathy provided glycemic control and co-morbids are well addressed.
Veterinary public health: Human health hazards associated with the administration of antimicrobials to slaughter animals

Summary Risks for the consumer regarding the acquisition of resistant bacteria and/or resistance genes via the consumption of pork are discussed. In general, Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli that originate from animals do not easily transfer their resistance genes to the resident intestinal flora of humans. The prevalence of resistant E. coli in humans seems more associated with being a vegetarian (odds ratio (OR) 1.89) than with the consumption of meat and meat products. Other risk factors are treatment with antimicrobials (OR 2–5), becoming hospitalized (OR 5.93), or working in a health setting (OR 4.38). In the Netherlands, annually an estimated 45,000 people (0–150,000) become a carrier of resistant E. coli and/or resistance genes that originate from pigs, while an estimated 345,000 persons (175,000–600,000) become a carrier of resistant E. coli and/or resistance genes that originate from hospitals, e.g. other patients. Any problems with resistant Salmonella spp. that stem from pigs are, in fact, an integral part of the total problem of food‐borne salmonellosis. Sometimes there are outbreaks of a specific multi‐resistant clone of S. typhimurium that causes problems in both farm animals and humans. The probability that in the next 30 years there is no or maximally one outbreak of a specific clone that originates from pig herds is estimated at about 75%. Antimicrobials used as a growth promoter can have a measurable influence on the prevalence of resistant bacteria. The likely chain of events regarding avoparcin and the selection and dissemination of resistance against vanco‐mycin in the enterococci gives the impression that the impact of the use of antimicrobials in animals on the prevalence of resistance in humans is largely determined by whether resistance genes are, or become, located on a self‐transferable transposon. Furthermore, consumer health risks of antimicrobials used in slaughter pigs are mainly determined by the selection and dissemination of bacterial resistance and much less by the toxicological properties of any residues in pork. It is also concluded that most of the problems with resistant bacteria in humans are associated with the medical use of antimicrobials, and that the impact of particularly the veterinary use of antimicrobials is limited. However, the impact of antimicrobials used as a feed additive appears to be much greater than that of antimicrobials used for strictly veterinary purposes. The use of antimicrobials as a feed additive should therefore be seriously reconsidered.
Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase : Biochemical and Physiological Properties

The semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) is an enzyme widely distributed in many organs of mammals. The functional role of SSAO is not yet quite clear, but it is suggested that it plays roles in protection against exogenous amines, glucose transport, apoptosis, atherogenesis, cell adhesion, local generation of hydrogen peroxide as signal molecule, cross-linking of proteins and leucocyte trafficking. Plasma SSAO is reported to be elevated in diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, Alzheimer’s disease and some inflammatory diseases. SSAO-mediated deamination of substrates produces formaldehyde and methylglyoxal, which have been proposed to be cytotoxic to the various tissues and might be involved in the pathogenesis of some disesases such as atherosclerosis, aging, cancer and skin disorders. Although SSAO has been known for years, its physiological and pathological implications are just beginning to be recognized. This review summarizes the molecular, functional and pathological properties of SSAO.
Intracellular signaling pathways that regulate dendritic spine morphogenesis

Rac is a member of the Rho family of small GTPases and acts as a molecular switch. When GTP‐bound, Rac binds specific effectors to induce downstream signaling events, including actin cytoskeletal rearrangements (Hall, Science 1998;279:509–514). Herein we review the recent evidence suggesting that Rac is involved in the morphogenesis of dendritic spines (Luo et al., Nature 1996;379:837–840; Nakayama et al., J Neurosci 2000; 20:5329–5338). In addition, we discuss how Rac activity is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors, which may be further regulated by extracellular factors. Thus, the Rac signal transduction pathway may provide links between extracellular ligands or synaptic activity and the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton in spine morphogenesis. Hippocampus 2000;10:582–586. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Implementing Neural Networks on GPU Hardware

Modern graphics processing units (GPUs) are cheap, ubiquitous, and increasing in performance at a rate two to three times that of traditional CPU growth. As GPUs evolve in function and become more programmable each generation, they are increasingly put to use in various high throughput parallel calculations, such as solving fluid flow equations or simulating plate tectonics. In this paper, we discuss the recent trend in implementing Neural Network architectures on the GPU, allowing in some cases real time input processing, and in other cases dramatic speedup of traditional algorithms.
Susceptibility of Chlamydia trachomatis to trovafloxacin.

Chlamydia trachomatis infections are a major cause of morbidity in the sexually active. While current therapy is usually effective, isolates demonstrating relative resistance to erythromycin or heterotypic resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline and their congeners have been described, establishing a need to continue to evaluate other antimicrobial agents for possible efficacy. In this study trovafloxacin, a compound related to the fluoroquinolones, was tested in tissue culture for in-vitro efficacy against 19 strains of C. trachomatis, including three strains known to exhibit heterotypic resistance. All strains were fully sensitive to trovafloxacin with a minimum inhibitory concentration at which 90% of inclusions were reduced (IR90) of 0.05 +/- 0.07 mg/L (mean +/- S.D.). The IR90 for the comparison antibiotics erythromycin, doxycycline and ofloxacin were 0.17 +/- 0.07, 0.10 +/- 0.03 and 0.35 +/- 0.15 mg/L respectively. Trovafloxacin is very active on a weight basis and deserves further evaluation.
Comparative study of semiconductor devices based on a meta-parameterised approach: SiC MOSFET vs Si IGBT technologies

This paper presents a meta-parameterised approach for evaluation and comparison of Power Semiconductors Devices (PSD). General models and main PSD parameters needed for evaluation of power electronics switches are presented. Then, meta-parameterisation is performed for two PSD technologies, Si-IGBT and SiC-MOSFET. A comparative analysis based on current capability, frequency dependency and overrated factor for these PSD technologies is presented. Even more, a 50kW 2L-VSI and a 20kW DC-DC converter are considered to show how meta-parameters can be used to evaluate the impact of PSD technology on converter performance.
The role of mathematical modelling in thermal medicine

The use of thermotherapies in treating diseases has its origin in antiquity. There are historical accounts in ancient cultures of the use of thermal therapies for treatment and healing. However, it was more of an art than a science. Modern scientific research unveiled that the deposited thermal energy may cause physiological changes due to molecular or cellular responses to thermotherapies. The human race has come a long way in using thermal effects for medical treatment by designing special purpose devices to control the delivery of thermal energy to targeted regions. Today, commonly used modalities of thermal medicine include cryotherapy, hypothermia, hyperthermia, and thermal ablation depending on the temperature range of operation. The delivery technology may involve laser, microwave, radio-frequency (RF), and focused ultrasound. Cutting edge delivery systems may also involve nanoparticle-mediated thermal therapy. As part of medical practice it is clear that the relationship between dosages and effects need to be established. Obviously it is an impossible task to determine that by experience. It is necessary to establish mathematical models based on underlying human and biology biophysics to predict the effects by deposited thermal energy via computer simulation.
Laparoscopic Splenic Procedures in Children: Experience in 231 Children

Objectives:The purpose of this report is to evaluate the efficacy of and complications observed after laparoscopic splenic procedures in children. Methods:Review of a prospective database at a single institution (1995–2006) identified 231 children (129 boys; 102 girls; average age 7.69 years) undergoing laparoscopic splenic procedures. Results:Two hundred twenty-three children underwent laparoscopic splenectomy (211 total; 12 partial) by the lateral approach. Indication for splenectomy was hereditary spherocytosis (111), immune thrombocytopenic purpura (36), sickle cell disease (SCD) (51), and other (25). Four (2%) required conversion to an open procedure. Eight additional laparoscopic splenic procedures were performed: splenic cystectomy for epithelial (4) or traumatic (2) cyst, and splenopexy for wandering spleen (2). Average length of stay was 1.5 days. Complications (11% overall, 22% in SCD patients) included ileus (5), bleeding (4), acute chest syndrome (5), pneumonia (2), portal vein thrombosis (1), priapism (1), hemolytic uremic syndrome (1), diaphragm perforation (2), colonic injury (1), missed accessory spleen (1), trocar site hernia (1), subsequent total splenectomy after an initial partial (1), and recurrent cyst (1). Subsequent operations were open in 3 (colon repair, hernia, and missed accessory spleen) and laparoscopic in 2 (completion splenectomy, and cyst excision). There were no deaths, wound infections, or instances of pancreatitis. Conclusions:Laparoscopic splenic procedures are safe and effective in children and are associated with low morbidity, higher complication rate in SCD, low conversion rate, zero mortality, and short length of stay. Laparoscopic splenectomy has become the procedure of choice for most children requiring a splenic procedure.
Five-Level Active-Neutral-Point-Clamped DC/DC Converter for Medium-Voltage DC Grids

This paper proposes a five-level active-neutral-point-clamped (5L-ANPC) dc/dc converter for applications in medium-voltage dc grids. A modulation strategy is proposed for the 5L-ANPC dc/dc converter to generate multilevel voltage waveforms, which can effectively reduce voltage change rate $\text{dv/ dt}$, reduce voltage stress on the transformer, and thus reduce the electromagnetic interference and increase reliability. An elimination method for the dead time effect is also proposed along with the proposed modulation strategy by employing a switch in series with the flying capacitor, which can effectively eliminate high voltage leaps caused by the dead time effect. In addition, a capacitor voltage control strategy is proposed for the 5L-ANPC dc/dc converter to ensure the balanced flying capacitor voltage and desired five-level voltage waveforms. Finally, simulation and experimental studies are conducted, and the results have verified the proposed converter and control strategies.
Experimental Characterisation of an IEEE 802.15.6-Based Body Area Network

This paper presents the implementation of Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol based on the IEEE 802.15. 6 standard on a hardware platform developed for Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) applications. The CSMA/CA allows each node to detect an ongoing transmission and consequently wait until the channel is idle. A testing campaign has been conducted in order to evaluate the performance of the protocol in terms of packet loss rate, average packet delay and network throughput.
A Non-Radiating Composite Right-/ Left-Handed Transmission Line Derived from Substrate Integrated Rectangular Hollow Waveguide

The majority of up-to-date conceived composite right-handed / left-handed (CRHLH) transmission lines (TL) are open configurations derived from microstrip technology. We present here a closed CRHLH architecture derived from the H10 rectangular hollow waveguide mode, which is realised in substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) technology and is thus easy to fabricate. The dispersion characteristic is validated by two separate methods, based on FEM and MatrixPencils. The attenuation performance is also examined and proves to be well comparable with peer designs. Prototypes are realised and measured.
Note - Optimal Component Acquisition for a Single-Product, Single-Demand Assemble-to-Order Problem with Expediting

We consider a component acquisition problem for a contract manufacturer who faces a one-time stochastic demand for a single product consisting of a number of components. Components can be ordered early at normal prices before the demand is revealed, or they can be replenished later at higher prices due to expediting. In addition, the customer pays a price for the final product that is nonincreasing in the delivery lead time to discourage late delivery. We propose a cost-minimization model and develop an efficient polynomial time algorithm to solve the problem.
Using an optical equalizer to transmit a 43-Gb/s signal with an 8-GHz bandwidth modulator

We demonstrate that a simple general optical equalizer permits the generation of 42.7-Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero data from an 8-GHz bandwidth LiNbO/sub 3/ modulator. The sensitivity at 10/sup -9/ bit-error ratio is only 1 dB poorer than using a 36-GHz bandwith modulator. Since the equalizer can act on many channels simultaneously and be used in a set-and-forget mode, we can potentially reduce the cost of 40-Gb/s transmitters.
Antihypertensive treatment decreases arterial stiffness at night but not during the day. Results from the Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial

Abstract The main Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial (HYVET) demonstrated a very marked reduction in cardiovascular events by treating hypertensive participants 80 years or older with a low dose, sustained release prescription of indapamide (indapamide SR, 1.5 mg) to which was added a low dose of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor in two-thirds of cases (perindopril 2–4 mg). This report from the ambulatory blood pressure sub-study investigates whether changes in arterial stiffness and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) could both explain the benefits observed in the main trial. A total of 139 participants were randomized to placebo [67] and to active treatment [72] and had both day and night observations of BP and arterial stiffness as determined from the Q wave Korotkoff diastolic (QKD) interval. The QKD interval was 5.6 ms longer (p = 0.017) in the actively treated group at night than in the placebo group. This was not true for the more numerous daytime readings so that 24-h results were similar in the two groups. The QKD interval remained longer at night in the actively treated group even when adjusted for systolic pressure, heart rate and height. The reduced arterial stiffness at night may partly explain the marked benefits observed in the main trial.
Targeted Integration of a Recombinant Globin Gene Adeno‐Associated Viral Vector into Human Chromosome 19 a

Abstract: Transfer of a globin gene into stem cells along with the regulatory elements required to achieve high level expression in maturing erythroid cells would provide effective gene therapy for Cooley's Anemia. We have explored the use of recombinant adeno‐associated viral (rAAV) vectors for this purpose. A vector designated rHS32Aγ*3′RE that contains regulatory elements from the locus control and flanking regions, integrates as a stable head‐to‐tail concatamer in erythroleukemia cells at a high multiplicity of infection and exhibits high level, regulated γ globin gene expression. Inducible expression of the non‐structural Rep proteins of wild‐type AAV in HeLa cells transduced with rAAV vectors does not increase overall integration frequency, but targeted integration of rHS32Aγ*3′RE into human chromosome 19 was documented.
Effect of different growth promoters on broiler performance and gut morphology

Un total de 240 pollos broiler Hybro de 1 día de edad se dividieron en cuatro grupos. Estos grupos fueron alimentados con una dieta completa basada en maíz/soya, con y sin la adición de antibiótico promotor del crecimiento (AGP, Flavomycin®, 15 PPM, Intervet), alimento microbiano dirigido (DFM, All-Lac® 0,1%, Alltech Inc. USA) y Manano Oligosacárido (MOS) (Bio-MOS® 2 kg/T, Alltech Inc. USA). Los pollos fueron introducidos en el experimento después de nacer. En el día 42 de ensayo todas las aves fueron sacrificadas en una planta de faenamiento y sus rendimientos al sacrificio fueron medidos. Muestras de intestinos con su contenido de 6 aves promedio, seleccionadas al azar de cada grupo (n = 24), fueron tomadas para su examen. Al final del ensayo, el peso corporal (BW) y la ganancia diaria promedio (ADG) de los pollos alimentados con las raciones que contenían Bio-MOS® (1915,23 y 44,58 g), AGP (1869,40 y 43,50 g) y DFM (1855,50 y 43,17 g) fueron significativamente mayores que las de los pollos del grupo control (1815,67 y 41,96 g). Comparado con el grupo control (91,19 g), el consumo promedio diario de alimento (ADFI) también fue reducido significativamente en los grupos experimentales suplementados con Bio-MOS® (81,84 g), DFM (83,50 g) o AGP (86,16 que g), lo cual disminuyó la relación de conversión (FCR) de 2,17 en el grupo control a 1,83, 1,93 y 1,98 kg, respectivamente. Una disminución significativa del pH del contenido intestinal en diversas partes del tracto gastrointestinal fue observada en los grupos de pollos suplementados con Bio-MOS (6,25, 6,50 y 6,78) y DFM (6,16, 6,46 y 6,72), comparado con los grupos control (6,55, 6,81 y 7,21) y adicionado de AGP (6,61, 6,87 y 7,14). El uso de DFM y de Bio-MOS® aumentó la longitud y el ancho de las vellosidades intestinales y disminuyó la profundidad de criptas. El número de células caliciformes no se diferenció estadísticamente entre grupos experimentales. En conclusión, los grupos suplementados con Bio-MOS® y DFM presentaron ventajas nutricionales, farmacológicas y económicas con respecto al grupo que incorporó un promotor de crecimiento antibiótico.