Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetische Variation und lokale Anpassung bei Waldbaumarten im Zeichen des Klimawandels

Anpassung an lokale Umweltbedingungen wird durch verschiedene Prozesse beeinflusst, wobei das Einwirken natürlicher Selektion auf vorhandene genetische Variation eine wichtige Rolle spielt. Quantitativ-genetische und molekular-genetische Ansätze zeigen, welche Umweltfaktoren selektiv auf welche Merkmale beziehungsweise Gene wirken. In diesem Kapitel wird für wichtige Baumarten in der Schweiz die Anpassung an heutige und vergangene Standortbedingungen wie Klima, Topografie und Bodeneigenschaften dargestellt und deren Anpassungspotenzial an veränderte Klimabedingungen abgeschätzt. Genökologische Studien mit Fichte, Tanne, Buche und Waldföhre zeigten, dass Provenienzen je nach Baumart unterschiedlich stark differenziert und durch verschiedene Klimafaktoren beeinflusst sind. Auf molekularer Ebene wurde bei drei Eichenarten und bei der Buche Variation in ausgesuchten Genen gefunden, die einen Zusammenhang mit verschiedenen Umweltfaktoren aufweisen. Beide methodischen Ansätze zeigen, dass in den Schweizer Provenienzen der untersuchten Waldbaumarten grosse genetische Variation vorhanden ist, die als Basis für die Anpassung an sich verändernde Umweltbedingungen dient. Zudem weisen die molekular-genetischen Ansätze auf einen hohen Genfluss hin, der zur Ausbreitung vorteilhafter Genotypen (durch Pollen und Samen) beiträgt. Aufgrund der Beziehung zwischen genetischer Variation und Umweltvariation lässt sich abschätzen, dass beispielsweise die Stieleiche gegenüber zunehmender Temperatur als besser gewappnet erscheint als Traubenoder Flaumeiche. Weil jedoch viele Faktoren und Prozesse auf die lokale Anpassung wirken, sind solche Abschätzungen noch mit vielen Unsicherheiten behaftet. Es wird deshalb empfohlen, waldbauliche Strategien zu wählen, die die natürlichen Prozesse fördern und so genetische Vielfalt erhalten und Genfluss begünstigen. Dadurch wird lokale Anpassung weiterhin ermöglicht, sodass die heutigen Bestände und die ihnen zugewiesenen Waldfunktionen erhalten bleiben.
Psychometric Issues in the ELL Assessment and Special Education Eligibility

Assessments in English that are constructed for native English speakers may not provide valid inferences about the achievement of English language learners (ELLs). The linguistic complexity of the test items that are not related to the content of the assessment may increase the measurement error, thus reducing the reliability of the assessment. Language factors that are not relevant to the content being assessed may also be a source of construct-irrelevant variance and negatively impact the validity of the assessment. More important, the results of these tests used as the criteria for identification and classification of ELL students, particularly those at the lower end of the English proficiency spectrum, may be misleading. Caution must be exercised when the results of these tests are used for special education eligibility, particularly in placing ELL students with lower English language proficiency in the learning/reading disability category. This article discusses psychometric issues in the assessment of English language learners and examines the validity of classifying ELL students, with a focus on the possibility of misclassifying ELL students as students with learning disabilities.
Rates and components of carbon turnover in fish muscle: insights from bioenergetics models and a whole-lake 13C addition

Stable isotopes are widely employed to describe energy flow in aquatic communities, though interpretation of results can be confounded by the fact that organisms integrate over vastly different time scales. We used results from a 56-day whole-lake 13C addition and a bioenergetic modeling approach to estimate dorsal muscle carbon turnover rates in a natural setting for three sizes of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), and yellow perch (Perca flavescens). Generally, dynamic δ13C models with a metabolic tissue replacement term were better supported than models predicting isotopic change from growth alone, except when relative growth rates were highest (age 0 bluegill). Across species and size classes, the percentage of carbon change due to tissue replacement was variable (2%–80%) and independent of fish size. The half-life of δ13C in age 0 fishes was similar and ranged from 8 to 18 days. In contrast, adult tissue half-lives were much longer (116–173 days). Based on these.
Crosslinguistic Cineradiographic Studies of the Temporal Coordination of Speech Gestures

Morita. Y . 1981. Kiso Nihongo, joo-chuu-ge. [Basic Japanese, Vol 1-3]. Tokyo: Kadogawa Shoten. Ono, H. 1973. Japanese Grammar. Tokyo: The Hokuseido Press. Pollock, J . -Y. 1989. "Verb movement, U G and the structure of IP' . Linguistic Inquiry 20, 365-424. Radford, A . 1988. Transformational grammar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Takano, H . 1989. 'Relative clause formation and Japanese phrase structure'. Linguistic Analysis 19, 220-231. Takezawa, K. 1991. 'Predication and "ni"-marked phrases in Japanese'. In Conference Handbook of the English Linguistic Society of Japan. Society of Japan, 23-24 November 1991, Doshisha University, 145-150. Tokyo: Ninon Eigo Gakkai. Lund University, Dept. of Linguistics Working Papers 40 (1993), 251-263 251
Correlations between concentrations of plasma homocysteine and phospholipid fatty acids in healthy male Australian

Li, D. and Sinclair, A.J. Correlations between concentrations of plasma homocysteine and phospholipid fatty acids in healthy male Australian Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol. , 2006, 28(Suppl. 1) : 139-144 An increased plasma homocysteine level has been claimed as an independent risk factor, and increased levels of tissue membrane omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) has been suggested to have a protective effect on cardiovascular diseases. However, there is no data on the relationship between the concentrations of plasma homocysteine and phospholipid fatty acid. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of plasma homocysteine with phospholipid fatty acids in healthy male Australian. One hundred and thirty six healthy male subjects aged 20-55 years were recruited from Melbourne metropolitan area. Each volunteer completed a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and gave a blood sample. Plasma homocysteine concentrations were determined using HPLC, and plasma phospholipid fatty acids were determined with standard methods. Plasma homocysteine concentration was significantly negatively correlated with plasma phospholipid concentration of PUFA 20:5n-3 (r = -0.226, P = 0.009), 22:5n-3 (r = -0.182, P = 0.036), 22:6n-3 (r = -0.286, P = 0.001), total n-3 (r = -0.270, P = 0.002) and ratio n-3/n-6 PUFA (r = -0.265, P = 0.002), and significantly positively correlated with 20:4n-6 (r = 0.180, P = 0.037). Present results showed that increased concentration of n-3 PUFA in tissues was negatively correlated with plasma homocysteine levels.
Video Broadcast Using Secure IP Multicast Techniques

The technological evolution is leading telecommunications to all-IP network scenarios, where multiple services are transported as IP packets. Among these services is the broadcast of video which is expected to reach users with quality and security better than those available today in analog cable TV. Architectures for transmitting multimedia contents over IP networks have already been defined by IETF, which include protocols such as the RTP. A possible mechanism for broadcast multiple video channels over IP could be to use IP multicast, and let each client to decide about the reception of a video channel. The secure IP multicast being specified by IETF MSEC working group is a candidate solution for this problem. Using it, users can access and decode a video channel only if they have a correct cryptographic key. The secure IP multicast solution uses symmetric encryption techniques, which lead to a single key for all the group members; it also requires group key renewal when the group composition changes. In order to be usable in video broadcast (e.g. cable TV), secure IP multicast needs also to address scenarios supporting multiple video channel transmission, where some clients are authorized to view only a subset of the video channels transmitted. These new scenarios imply that (1) the user access is controlled per video channel, and (2) the network needs not to transport channels which are not visioned. The work carried out in this Master thesis addressed these problems and lead us to 4 main results: (1) a video transmission system architecture, (2) a multicast filtering network element, (3) a group management and access control mechanism, and (4) a video system prototype. The first result consists of a video transmission system capable of delivering multiple video channels over secure IP multicast, using symmetric encryption but still allowing the access control of clients per video channel. The second is a network element that can filter the multicast video transmission based on the client characteristics and requests; it filters the transmission of un-requested video channels into the last mile network. The third enables a client to join a multicast group; by manifesting its interest, the client receives an individual cryptographic key which gives him access to the ciphered video transmission. The fourth result consists in a 3 PC testbed, each PC emulating a video system component and implementing protocols for secure multicast transmission, group management and access control. We claim that, to the best of our knowledge, the second result is new, and it constitutes an original contribution.
THE EFFECT OF URBAN FORM ON TRAVEL BEHAVIOUR - A review of the Literature

This paper analyses the growing body of research on the relationship between urban form and travel behaviour. Continuing urbanization trends along with high car dependency calls for the need to assess the complex inter-relationships between urban form and travel behaviour to strike a balance for sustainable growth. As the existing body of literature on the influence of urban form on travel behaviour is continuously expanding, a major concern is the lack of general consensus in terms of the validity and strength of this relationship. Also the major emphasis in research in this area has been on the quantitative association of this relationship explaining “how” people travel while the qualitative dimension of “why” people travel remains less explored. More recently studies in travel behaviour research are now investigating the realms of qualitative research along with quantitative assessment to provide a deeper insight into understanding and predicting future growth trends; however these studies are still rare in the field of urban form and travel behaviour. Another observation is the complexity of these inter-relationships and the dynamics owing to the multitude of variables involved and their mechanism which result in interesting patterns of interdependencies. Variations in results are also found by the studies reflecting their high spatiotemporal dependency and contextual legacy. The socio-demographic composition, attitudes and preferences and above all the complexity of human nature involved lends to this diversity and the variations in the strength of this relationship. Finally research design and analysis techniques play a major role in assessing these inter-relationships as studies have shown diversity in findings owing to the level of analysis, type of data used and the type of analysis used. These observations reinforce the need for a re-assessment of this relationship using a more comprehensive approach including socio-demographic factors, urban form indicators, preference and attitudinal factors, as the existing body of research needs a new dimension. This paper thus concludes that although the vast body of literature does give an in-depth insight into the inter-relationships between the built form and travel behaviour, refinement in terms of data matching at the individual level, life trajectory considerations and extensive qualitative exploration within their contextual settings still require further research in this area. This paper aims to highlight these issues and point out at the key areas where further research can aid in a better understanding for policy information and addressing sustainability targets.
Application of Streptococcus thermophilus DPC1842 as an adjunct to counteract bacteriophage disruption in a predominantly lactococcal Cheddar cheese starter: use in bulk starter culture systems

A significant amount of Cheddar cheese manufactured world-wide relies on bulk starter cultures instead of direct vat set (DVS) cultures. While the inclusion of S. thermophilus is some- times used to counteract failure due to lactococcal phage in the latter system, it is considered difficult to implement in bulk starter systems and is normally avoided. This stems from the problem in con- trolling the ratio of S. thermophilusto lactococci during the bulk starter preparation such that suitable acidification rates can be achieved. The current study demonstrates how S. thermophilusnumbers can be controlled during growth in the bulk starter medium prior to inoculation of a culture, based on three lactococcal strains and S. thermophilusDPC1842, into the cheese vat. The concentration of inor- ganic phosphate necessary to inhibit the growth of strain DPC1842 in a whey-based bulk starter medium was found to be 0.18 mol.L -1 . Since higher levels of phosphate exist in different commer- cial bulk starter media used for mesophilic cultures, a number of these media can be used for prop- agation of this starter blend without domination of strain DPC1842 over its lactococcal counter- parts. Strain DPC1842 is highly phage resistant and is particularly acid-fast in the cheese milk and reduces the pH efficiently at very low inocula. Cheddar cheese was manufactured in a commercial plant with this system and the resulting cheese had good flavour characteristics. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the S. thermophilus DPC1842 component in rescuing the fermentation in the event of severe lactococcal phage attack.
Jurassic Paleoclimates in Argentina, a review

New paleoclimatic evidence from palynologic and vertebrate proxies provides more detailed data on climatic change during the Jurassic in Argentina. Comparison with paleomagnetic data shows that the Neuquen basin shifted from the highest paleolatitudes (50oS), by the end of the Triassic until the end of the Sinemurian. During the Pliensbachian-Toarcian it moved northward, reaching the lowermost paleolatitudes (25oS), and subsequently (Middle to Late Jurassic) the area moved again and attained eventually a position similar to its present-day position (30oS). These movements are reflected in the Jurassic palynofloras. The high frequency of the pollen genus Classopollis (Cheirolepidiacean gymnosperms) is of special paleoclimatic importance in the Argentinian Jurassic, as it is indicative of seasonal aridity or semiarid conditions during large intervals of this Period. During the shift of the South American continent to the northernmost position, the arrival of an important group of Araucariaceae, represented by Callialasporites spp. , in the Toarcian could indicate an amelioration related to more humid conditions. Jurassic dinocyst assemblages studied in the Neuquen basin have proved to be useful paleoclimatic and paleobiogeographic proxies. Abundant remains of marine crocodiles in the Mid- and Late Jurassic of the Neuquen basin indicate warm water temperatures for this basin, probably in excess of 20° C. The occurrence of abundant turtles and other ectothermic vertebrates in the Middle Jurassic Canadon Asfalto Formation of Chubut is in general accordance with the warm climate indicated for this unit by geologic evidence.
Open Loop Operational Strategies of a Virtual Power Plant and their Impacts on the Distribution Grid

As an aggregation of multiple Distributed Energy Resources (DER), Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) are able to participate in a much broader range of market activities in comparison to a single DER. Depending on the operational strategy, different power flows occur resulting in different voltage states and loading conditions of the electrical equipment (such as cables and transformers). In this paper several open loop operational strategies of a VPP are introduced and the impacts on a real distribution grid are analyzed with the help of a grid simulation. The term open loop expresses the fact that a feedback of grid states into the strategy control system is not applied. The economic impacts of the operational strategies are not evaluated.
Presence of zoonotichelminths in cats (Feliscatus) of condominiums in City of Mexico with special concern to Toxocara cati infection

Ignacio Martínez-Barbabosa1* Rodrigo de Jesús Pimienta Lastra2 Hilda Ortiz Pérez1 José Rodolfo Marcos Aguilar Venegas1 Ana María Fernández Presas3 1Department of Health Care, Autonomous Metropolitan University-Xochimilco, Mexico 2Department of Politics and Culture. Metropolitan Autonomous University-Xochimilco, Mexico 3Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, University City, Mexico
九州大学学術情報リポジトリKyushu Biological Monitoring to Detect Both Water Pollution and Water Pollution and Water Quality Recovery Based on Value Movements of Freshwater

The valve movement pattern of the freshwater bivalve Corbicula japonica ( C. japonica ) following exposure to test chemicals was monitored. We conducted the exposure test with two heavy metal compounds, cadmium chloride (CdCl 2 ; 0, 0.1, 1, or 10 mg/L) and copper (II) chloride (CuCl 2 ; 0, 0.1, 1, or 10 mg/L) in a continuous flow system. After a pre–exposure period in a test chamber, which was filled with dechlorinated tap water for 1 h, the bivalves were exposed to the test chemicals for 3 h. After that, only dechlori- nated tap water was released again into the test chamber for 2 h. Thus, the valve movements were continu-ously recorded for a total of 6 h. On exposure to CdCl 2 (1 and 10 mg/L), the valve movement of C. japonica closed. However, the valve movements of C. japonica in all CdCl 2 groups recovered after termination of the exposure. C. japonica showed decreased distance between the valves on exposure to CuCl 2 (0.1, 1, and 10 mg/L). However, C. japonica restarted their valve movements only in the recovery period at 0.1 mg/L CuCl 2 . Therefore, we conclude that real–time monitoring of the valve movement of C. japonica is a useful method to detect both the contamination with a toxicant and recovery of the water quality in an aquatic ecosystem. In addition, it can be used for the assurance of the water quality.
El haz de rectas para la comparación gráficade series temporales geográficas

espanolA pesar de la importancia que tienen las herramientas de representacion grafica en el analisis de datos es sorprendente la escasez de trabajos relativos a la representacion de conjuntos masivos de series temporales y, en particular, de series temporales geograficas. En este trabajo se propone una metodologia, a la que denominaremos Metodologia del haz de rectas, para la comparacion grafica de series temporales que midan un mismo fenomeno o variable sobre distintas regiones geograficas. EnglishStatistical graphics are essential tools in data analysis but, surprisingly, there has been relatively little work on massive time series data set, particularly in geographic time series. This paper offers a methodology, which we will denominate Sheaf Methodology, for graphical comparison of time series that measure the same phenomenon or variable in different regions.
University of Groningen From methods to meaning in functional neuroimaging

The significance of task-induced cerebral blood flow responses, assessed using statistical parametric mapping, depends, among other things, on the signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) of these responses. Generally, positron emission tomography sinograms of H 15 2 O activation studies are reconstructed using filtered backprojection (FBP). Alternatively, the acquired data can be reconstructed using an iterative reconstruction procedure. It has been demonstrated that the application of iterative reconstruction methods improves image SNR as compared to FBP. The aim of this study was to compare FBP with iterative reconstruction, to assess the statistical power of H 15 2 O-PET activation studies using statistical parametric mapping. For this case study, PET data originating from a bimanual motor task were reconstructed using both FBP and maximum likelihood expectation maximization (ML-EM), an iterative algorithm. Both resulting data sets were statistically analyzed using statistical parametric mapping. It was found, with this dataset, that the statistical analysis of the iteratively reconstructed data confirm the a priori expected physiological response. In addition, increased Z scores were obtained in the iteratively reconstructed data. In particular, for the expected task-related response, activation of the posterior border of the left angular gyrus, the Z score increased from 3.00 to 3.96. Furthermore, the number of statistically significant clusters doubled while their volume increased by more than 50 %. In conclusion, iterative reconstruction has the potential to increase the statistical power in H 15 2 OPET activation studies as compared to FBP reconstruction.
Understanding Organisational Culture and Organisational Performance: Are They Two Sides of the Same Coin?

The understanding of organisational culture is increasingly viewed as a necessary requirement for high performance in the organisation. This is also suggestive that the culture of an organisation may have a significant impact on the success of the organisation. The term ‘organisational culture’ is used widely, however inappropriately and occasionally defining and using it incorrectly. While there is universal agreement that organisational culture exists and that it plays a crucial role in shaping behaviour and performance in organisations, there is little consensus on what organisational culture is and how it impacts on organisational performance. Without a reasonable understanding of the concept of organisation culture and its definition, we cannot understand its relationships with organisational performance. This paper explores the notion and the understanding of the concepts of organisational culture and organisational performance. If we can define and understand the concept of organisational culture, then we can understand how it can impact on organisational performance.
Multi-Criteria Decision Making for Seismic Retrofitting of RC Structures

The upgrading of existing structures that are not adequate to withstand seismic demand is a widely adopted and effective approach aimed at risk reduction. Nowadays, many are feasible retrofit strategies, employing traditional and/or innovative materials, and several options are available to professionals. Each one has different performances in respect to some criteria, i.e., technical and/or economical, by which each alternative can be evaluated. The selection of the most suitable retrofit strategy for a particular structure may be not straightforward since, in many applications, there is no alternative which clearly emerges among others as the best one according to the whole of the criteria considered. Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods are decision-support procedures used in many fields allowing the evaluation and comparison of a set of alternatives when many evaluation criteria are involved. Ranking the alternative solutions leads to the identification of the optimal solution, which better performs in respect to all relevant goals. This article discusses how such methodological framework may be applied to the seismic retrofit of sub-standard structures. The procedure is presented via an application to an under-designed reinforced concrete (RC) building. Four different seismic upgrading alternative strategies, reflecting common as well as innovative retrofit approaches, are designed to get the required performance level and compared by using the TOPSIS – MCDM method.