Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sulphur application does not improve wheat yield and protein concentration

Karamanos, R. E. , Harapiak, J. T. and Flore N. A. 2013. Sulphur application does not improve wheat yield and protein concentration. Can. J. Soil Sci. 93: 223-228. Grain protein plays an important role in the milling and baking quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum). The question is whether application of sulphur, an important constituent of proteins and amino acids, impacts wheat grain protein concentration. A 3-yr 10-site experiment was set up to determine if of sulphur (S) fertilization (0 and 25 kg S ha-1) affects Canada west red spring (CWRS) and Durum grain yield and protein levels, when combined with various rates of nitrogen (N) fertilizer (0, 40, 60, 80 and 100 kg N ha-1). Soils at the 10 sites varied from S deficient to S sufficient, based on criteria in western Canada. Application of 25 kg S ha-1 resulted in no yield or grain protein concentration increases, regardless of the level of N fertilizer applied or the level of soil “available” S (0-30 cm). However, high N fertilizer rates (80 and 100 kg N ha-1) plus S fertilization improved yield and protein concentration when growing season (May, June, July) precipitation was favourable for CWRS and Durum wheat. In conclusion, we suggest that indiscriminate application of S fertilizer will not increase protein concentration for CWRS and Durum wheat grain.
Growth modeling of dairy heifers in Québec based on random regression

Cue, R. I. , Pietersma, D. , Lefebvre, D. , Lacroix, R. , Wade, K. , Pellerin, D. , de Passillé, A-M. and Rushen, J. 2012. Growth modeling of dairy heifers in Québec based on random regression. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 92: 33-47. A total of 144 006 weight (calculated from tape girth measurements) and height data records from Québec dairy heifers were analyzed using random regression to estimate growth curve parameters of Ayrshires, Brown Swiss and Holstein animals to permit prediction of individual heifer growth from 0 to 32 mo. There were, on average, 5.15 records per heifer (minimum 3 records, maximum 25 records). The body weight data were analyzed using linear and quadratic fixed and random regressions, with a power-of-the-mean (POM) function to model the residual variance. The POM was 1.2 for Holstein and Ayrshire and slightly less than 1 for Brown Swiss. Estimated body weight at 24 mo was 507, 564, 624 kg, for Ayrshires, Brown Swiss and Holstein, respectively. The height data were analyzed with a Brody, monomolecular non-linear growth curve model. Mature height was estimated to be 148 cm in both Holstein and Ayrshires, and 150 cm in Brown Swiss. Random regression models were shown to be able to predict individual growth, and can be incorporated in decision-support tools to help producers reducing the average age at first calving.
Towards balanced discussions in the classroom using ambient information visualisations

In a collaborative learning environment, the promotion and support of well-balanced student participation is an important step towards the achievement of learning outcomes. Ambient information visualisations can help raise awareness of the balance of distribution in meetings and small learner groups. This paper explores the use of ambient information in the classroom, where we attempt to encourage a proper balance of feedback between student groups during 'design critique' studio sessions. The contribution of the paper is two-fold: (1) we present necessary design choices for ambient visualisations that promote feedback balance in classrooms, motivating under-participators while limiting over-participation (2) we show the effects on student perception and feedback participation through the actual deployment of such visualisations in 'real classroom sessions'.
Chapter 5. Semi-automatic approaches to Anglicism detection in Norwegian corpus data

This article describes corpus-based research methods and language processing tools that are used for the systematic study of the influence of English on Norwegian lexis. The tools are developed in connection with the Norwegian Newspaper Corpus (NNC) project. The study presents a survey of the types of phenomena that an Anglicism detection tool should aim at identifying and the problems associated with the orthographic and morphological variability of Anglicisms. It also describes the development of an Anglicism detection tool and accounts for a set of experiments using lexicon-based, n-gram-based and combinatory methods. Finally it describes recently developed machine learning techniques that have been developed by the NNC team, arguing that the computational approach to Anglicism identification is a fruitful one.
ARE PLEOPODS JUST “MORE LEGS”? THE FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY OF SWIMMING LIMBS IN EURYTHENES GRYLLUS (AMPHIPODA)

Abstract Amphipods, like most swimming crustaceans, employ a drag-based mechanism to produce thrust. The propulsors are paddle-shaped pleopods that move parallel to the direction of motion. These paired abdominal limbs generate both the propulsive thrust and the respiratory currents that bathe the thoracic gills. This study addresses the basic kinematics of motion and the pleopodal skeletomusculature of the deep-sea scavenger Eurythenes gryllus. The limb beat cycle consists of a power stroke where the three pleopod pairs, with their setal fan outstretched, swing sequentially through an arc parallel to the body axis, and then return anteriorly in a collapsed and bent configuration. The joint connecting the body to the muscular peduncle is complex, allowing promotion and remotion along the main body axis. Several hard plates for extrinsic muscle attachment are surrounded by arthrodial membrane. The extrinsic musculature is proportioned accordingly, with a large mass of muscles controlling the power stroke and a few long muscles generating the recovery stroke forces. The intrinsic musculature within the peduncle and annular rami serves two functions: (1) many long, thin muscle fibers within the peduncle function as support muscles responsible for shape changes; (2) large, strap-like muscles control flexion for the recovery stroke and abduction-adduction of the exopod for the power stroke. Several ancillary skeletal structures enhance swimming efficiency: reinforcement in the pleonal wall for muscle attachment, coupling hooks between the pleopod pair to effectively create a single paddle, the complementary shapes of the exopod and endopod, and an exopodal hook that facilitates the complete collapse of the pleopods on the recovery stroke. The functional design of the pleopod maximizes efficient recovery stroke motion while still providing strong remotion during the recovery stroke.
Evaluating the interaction between progesterone, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and cortisol on early loss of transferred embryo in beef cows

Mason, M. , Cuadra, E. J., Elsasser, T. H. , Lopez, J. and Yoonsung, J. 2013. Evaluating the interaction between progesterone, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and cortisol on early loss of transferred embryo in beef cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 217-225. Fifty-eight non-lactating cows previously synchronized for estrus were assigned to two treatments to assess the effects of progesterone supplementation and its correlation with tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and cortisol on the survival of the transferred embryos. On day 7 after exhibiting estrus (day 0), cows in both groups received embryos. In contrast with the control group, animals in the CIDR-group had a controlled internal drug release (CIDR) additionally inserted. Blood samples for progesterone, TNF-a and cortisol analysis were taken immediately before insertion and removal of CIDRs and 7 d after insertion. Progesterone did not differ between the control and the CIDR animals at any day of the study; however, it significantly increased at 7 and 14 d after insertion of the embryos in the control animals, compared with the levels observed in that same experimental group at the time of the transfer. Regardless of the treatment, all pregnant cows experienced a significant increase in progesterone from day 0 to day 7. Progesterone on day 0 was correlated to itself (r=0.46) on day 14 and to TNF-a (r=-0.37) on day 0 in pregnant animals; TNF-a on day 7 was significantly higher in pregnant cows compared with non-pregnant and correlated between day 0 and day 14. These results suggest that high levels of progesterone during the first 14 d after the transfer are indicative of the survival of transferred embryos. Additionally, these data also indicate that the decrease in TNF-a concentration on day 7 after the transfer of embryos may be associated with the low concentrations of progesterone observed in the non-pregnant animals.
Seasonal variations in phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of Cornus stolonifera plant material: Applications in agriculture

Isaak, C. K. , Petkau, J. C. , O, K. , Ominski, K. , Rodriguez-Lecompte, J. C, and Siow, Y. L. 2013. Seasonal variations in phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of Cornus stolonifera plant material: Applications in agriculture. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 725-734. The present study was carried out to establish the antioxidant capacity of plant material of Cornus stolonifera (syn. Cornus sericea, Red Osier Dogwood) grown in Manitoba, by measuring total phenolic content and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) over a 3-yr period. The presence and concentrations of flavonoids that might account for antioxidant abilities were investigated using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and a total anthocyanins assay. Both ORAC levels and phenolic content increased during the spring, peaked during the summer months (1631.65±166.30 µmol trolox equivalents g-1 DW in July 2011, 220.38±2.29 mg gallic acid equivalents g-1 DW in August 2012), and then declined during the fall in all 3 yr. Analysis of individual flavonoids in 2010 samples revealed that high levels of rutin, a glycoside of quercetin, were present ranging from 7.46±0.09 (July 2010) to 18.77±0.23 mg g-1 dried sample (October 2010). Anthocyanin content was high in the spring, very low in the summer months, and increased in the fall over all 3 yr. Although polyphenolic and antioxidant content in Cornus spp. plants have been largely attributed to their berries, results from this study demonstrate that other plant material may also be an abundant source of these compounds.
Short Communication: Ruminal pH profile and feeding behaviour of feedlot cattle transitioning from a high-forage to a high-concentrate diet

Holtshausen, L. , Schwartzkopf-Genswein, K. S. and Beauchemin, K. A. 2013. Short Communication: Ruminal pH profile and feeding behaviour of feedlot cattle transitioning from a high-forage to a high-concentrate diet. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 529-533. Sixteen ruminally cannulated cattle (384±33.9 kg) were transitioned from a high-forage to a finishing diet over 21 d using three steps (+15% concentrate DM wk-1). Following the initiation of each transition step, mean daily ruminal pH declined and DM intake, meal size and meal duration were reduced. Recovery time to baseline feeding behaviour increased with severity of acidosis. Changes in feeding behaviour can be indicative of sub-optimal ruminal pH conditions during dietary transition. Transition protocols such as more steps, smaller grain increments or shorter initial and longer final steps may aid in reducing the incidence of acidosis.
Evaluation of Fipronil Oral Dosing to Cattle for Control of Adult and Larval Sand Flies Under Controlled Conditions

Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a vector-borne disease endemic to the Indian subcontinent. The Phlebotomus genus of sand ßies is the vector for VL in the Old World, with the vector on the Indian Subcontinent being Phlebotomus argentipes. Cattle are a commodity in this region and a frequent host source of P. argentipes bloodmeals. The purpose of this study was to determine the efÞcacy of a single oral dose Þpronil against adult and larval P. argentipes. Ten Bos indicus cattle were used during the study in a controlled environment. The study was conducted in Bihar, India, and involved adult and larval bioassays using laboratory-reared P. argentipes. The results were positive in that they led to up to 100% mortality in both adult and larval sand ßies over a 21-d period after a single dose of Þpronil.
A New Francisella (Beggiatiales: Francisellaceae) Inquiline within Dermacentor variabilis Say (Acari: Ixodidae)

Abstract While estimating the prevalence of the Dermacentor variabilis (Say) symbiont (DVS) in dog ticks on Martha‘s Vineyard, MA, we identified DNA that may represent a heretofore unrecognized Francisella sp. Polymerase chain reaction targeting a portion of the 16S rDNA specific for DVS yielded an amplicon that was only 96.6% similar to that of DVS accessioned in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S and 23S rDNA genes suggests the presence of a distinct bacterium closely related to the other endosymbionts of Dermacentor spp. Fifty-five percent of dog ticks tested from three sites in Massachusetts showed evidence of infection with this new agent, called Dermacentor variabilis francisella (DVF), whereas 100% tested positive for DVS. All larval progeny of dog ticks known to contain DVF also showed evidence of colonization, demonstrating that this agent may be maintained by transovarial transmission. Coinfection of ticks with both Francisella species did not seem to interfere with transmission.
Combined Data Mining

— There exists complex data in applications of data mining for enterprise. To combine large data sources for mining patterns that consist of multiple information is a time consuming as well as space consuming. To establish a successful approach for mining patterns combining relevant information is critical. In this paper combined mining approach is presented in which relevant patterns from either multiple data sets or by multiple methods.
Evaluation of the European Union Maize Landrace Core Collection for Resistance to Sesamia nonagrioides (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Two corn borer species are the principal maize insect pests in Europe, the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), and the pink stem borer, Sesamia nonagrioides (Lefebvre). Hence, it would be advisable to evaluate the European maize germplasm for corn borer resistance to generate European varieties resistant to corn borer attack. The creation of the EuropeanUnionMaize Landrace Core Collection (EUMLCC) allowed the screening of most of the variability for European corn borer resistance present among European maize local populations from France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Portugal, and Spain, testing a representative sample. The objective of this study was the evaluation of stem and ear resistance of the EUMLCC to European corn borer and pink stem borer attack. Trials were made at two Spanish locations that represent two very different maize-growing areas. Populations that performed relativelywell under cornborer infestation for stemandear damage were ÔPRT0010008Õ and ÔGRC0010085Õ, amongvery early landraces; ÔPRT00100120Õ and ÔPRT00100186Õ, among early landraces; ÔGRC0010174Õ, among midseason landraces; and ÔESP0070441Õ, among late landraces.Either the selection that couldhavehappenunderhigh insect pressureor the singular origin of determined maize populations would be possible explanations for the higher corn borer resistance of some landraces. Landraces ÔPRT0010008Õ, ÔFRA0410090Õ, ÔPRT00100186Õ, and ÔESP0090214Õ would be selected to constitute a composite population resistant to corn borers and adapted to short season, whereas populations ÔESP0090033Õ, ÔPRT00100530Õ, ÔGRC0010174Õ, and ÔITA0370005Õ would be used to make a resistant composite adapted to longer season.
Online Approaches to Missing Data Estimation

The.use. of.inferential. sensors.is. a.common. task.for. online.fault. detection.in. various.control. applications. A.problem. arises.when. sensors.fail. when.the. system.is. designed.to. make.a. decision.based. on.the. data. from.those. sensors.Various. techniques.to. handle.missing. data.are. discussed.in. this.chapter. First,. a.novel. algorithm that classifies and regresses in the presence of missing data online is presented. The algorithm was tested for using both classification and regression problems and was compared to an off-line trained method.that. used.auto-associative.networks. as.well. as.a. Hybrid.Genetic. Algorithm. (HGA). method.and. a.Fast. Simulated.Annealing. (FSA). technique.The. results.showed. that.the. presented.methods. performed. well.for. online.missing. data.estimation. Second,. an.online. estimation.algorithm. that.uses. an.ensemble. of.multi-layer.perceptron. regressors,. HGA.and. FSA.and. genetic.programming. is.presented. for.missing. data.estimation. and.compared. with.a. similar.procedure. that.was. trained.off-line.
Nitrogen loss on tile-drained Mollisols as affected by nitrogen application rate under continuous corn and corn-soybean rotation systems

Helmers, M. J., Zhou, X. , Baker, J. L. , Melvin, S. W. and Lemke, D. W. 2012. Nitrogen loss on tile-drained Mollisols as affected by nitrogen application rate under continuous corn and corn-soybean rotation systems. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 493-499. Nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) loss from production agricultural systems through subsurface drainage networks is of local and regional concern throughout the Midwestern United States. The increased corn acreage and the practice of growing continuous corn instead of a corn-soybean rotation system due to the increasing demand for food and energy have raised questions about the environmental impacts of this shift in cropping systems. The objective of this 4-yr (1990-1993) study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) application rate (0-168 kg N ha-1 for corn following soybean and 0-224 kg N ha-1 for corn following corn) on NO3-N concentration, NO3-N losses, and crop yields in continuous corn and corn-soybean production systems on tile-drained Mollisols in north central Iowa. The results show that NO3-N concentrations from the continuous corn system were similar to NO3-N concentrations from the corn-soybean rotation at equivalent N application rates.When extra N fertilizer (approximately 56 kg N ha-1) was applied to continuous corn than the corn-soybean rotation, this resulted in 14-36% greater NO3-N concentrations in subsurface drainage from the continuous corn system. While corn yield increased as N application rate increased, corn yields at the recommended N application rates (112-168 kg N ha-1) in the corn-soybean rotation were up to 3145 kg ha-1 greater than corn yields at the recommended application rates (168-224 kg N ha-1) in the continuous corn system. The corn-soybean rotation with recommended N application rates (168-224 kg N ha-1) appeared to be beneficial environmentally and economically.
Positive Correlation of Fitness with Group Size in Two Biotypes of Russian Wheat Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Abstract Changes in fitness parameters as a function of colony size (one versus 10 aphids) were measured in two biotypes (RWA1 and RWA2) of the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Homoptera: Aphididae), feeding on three cultivars of wheat, Triticum aestivum L. , at two temperatures. ‘Trego’ is a cultivar with no specific resistance to D. noxia, whereas, ‘Stanton’ and ‘Halt’ express Dny and Dn4 resistance sources, respectively. Feeding in a group accelerated the development of RWA1 on Trego and Stanton at 20°C, but not at 24°C, whereas grouped RWA2 developed faster than solitary RWA2 on all three cultivars at 24°C, but not at 20°C. Survival (first instar–adult) of RWA2 also was improved by grouping on Stanton and Halt at 24°C, but solitary RWA2 survived better at 20°C on all three cultivars. The reproductive rate of RWA1 was improved by grouping on Trego and Stanton at both temperatures, but only on Halt at 24°C. Lifetime fecundity of RWA1 also was increased by grouping in all cases except for Trego at 20°C. Grouped development increased the reproductive rate of RWA2 on all three cultivars at 24°C, but had no effect at 20°C. Grouped RWA2 developed and reproduced faster than grouped RWA1 on all three cultivars at 24°C. Thus, the fitness of D. noxia was positively correlated with group size during colony establishment, but the effects were sensitive to temperature, being more pronounced at 20°C for RWA1 and at 24°C for RWA2.
Analysis of slotted p-detection multi-channel and random multi-access protocol for wireless communication network

The slotted p-detection multi-channel and random multi-access (SPMRM) protocol was preseted. This SPMRM protocol can provided multimedia traffic through load equilibrium and multi-priority and p-detection multi-channel, and ensured the wireless channel-utilizing rate. Furthermore, a mathematical model was used to analyze the throughput of SPMRM protocol. The efficiency of the new protocol was validated by theoretical analysis and com-puter simulation. In other words, the simulation results of SPMRM protocol is better than a continuous-time p-detection multi-channel and random multi-access protocol.
Practical Hydration Solutions for Sports

Personalized hydration strategies play a key role in optimizing the performance and safety of athletes during sporting activities. Clinicians should be aware of the many physiological, behavioral, logistical and psychological issues that determine both the athlete’s fluid needs during sport and his/her opportunity to address them; these are often specific to the environment, the event and the individual athlete. In this paper we address the major considerations for assessing hydration status in athletes and practical solutions to overcome obstacles of a given sport. Based on these solutions, practitioners can better advise athletes to develop practices that optimize hydration for their sports.
Solute transport in a hummocky landscape: II. Vertical and seasonal redistribution of bromide and 15N-labelled nitrate

Olatuyi, S. O. , Akinremi, O. O. and Hao, X. 2012. Solute transport in a hummocky landscape: II. Vertical and seasonal redistribution of bromide and 15 N-labelled nitrate. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 631-643. Bromide (Br-) tracer is often used to estimate potential nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) leaching in soil. An alternative is to use 15N-labelled fertilizer to provide a direct measure of NO3-N leaching losses. We employed a dual application of Br- and 15N to estimate NO3-N leaching in a hummocky landscape. The study was carried out near Brandon, Manitoba, in 2007 and 2008, using two separate plots (Site-2007 and Site-2008). The plots were delineated into three landscape positions as upper (UPP), middle (MID) and lower (LOW) slope. A microplot at each landscape received KBr at the rate of 200 kg Br- ha-1, and 15N-labelled KNO3 fertilizer at the rates of 0, 90 and 135 kg N ha-1. Site-2007 and Site-2008 were seeded to canola and winter wheat, respectively. Soil samples were taken in the fall and spring. The soil samples for the 90 and 135 kg N ha-1 fertilization treatments were analyzed for vertical distribution of Br-, 15N, and NO3-N. The smallest amounts of Br-, nitrogen derived from 15N-labelled fertilizer (NDFF), and NO3-N were measured in the soil profile (0 to 120 cm) at the LOW slope position for both N fertilizer rates. The greatest amounts were at the MID slope, indicating that the downward movement of solute followed the order of: LOW>UPP>MID (P<0.05). Crop uptake of fertilizer N was 35 and 63% in canola and winter wheat, respectively, while Br- uptake was negligible. In the absence of crop uptake, Br- transport was similar to that of NDFF as 38% of each solute was lost between fall and spring in Site-2007 and 33% in Site-2008. Unlike Br- and NDFF, NO3-N distribution remained unchanged between fall and spring measurements, possibly due to its replenishment from native soil N sources. The dual tracer technique, as used in this study, showed the limitations of using soil profile NO3-N alone as an indicator of nitrate leaching and for making treatment comparisons.