Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Briefly Noted

A fatal air embolism was seen following an appropriately managed removal of a double lumen jugular vein catheter (1). The event was attributed to the patient’s minimal subcutaneous fat (he was very lean), a short perpendicular entry to the vein, a heparinized state, and a postremoval coughing spell. Use of an ointment at the time of hemostasis with subsequent use of an air occlusive dressing is advised along with not using heparin on the day of catheter removal.
Macrogeographic patterns of genetic differentiation in the pocket gopher Thomomys umbrinus

Electromorphic and chromosomal variation is analyzed in 26 populations of Tho- momys umbrinus sampled from throughout the range of the species. Interpopulation levels of genic differentiation are extreme, generally exceeding values measured between conspecific populations of most animals or plants. Two principal groups of T. umbrinus are recognized based on chromosomal evidence, one with 2n = 76 chromosomes and the other with 2n = 78. Further, the 2n = 78 group (but not the 2n = 76 group) is bisected into geographic subgroups with respect to chromosome morphology and heterochromatin position. The kind and degree of chromosomal differentiation observed suggests that the three groups may be reproductively incompatible. Allozymic evidence corroborates the above groupings, and an analysis of patterns of allele sharing suggests the absence of gene flow among the groups. A cladistic analysis of electro- morphic data indicates that the two 2n = 78 groups may be independently derived from the 2n = 76 lineage. The combined evidence supports the hypothesis that T. umbrinus is actually a composite of at least three biological species and confirms the observation that speciation in the genus Thomomys is unrelated to the level of genic differentiation between populations. (Evolu- tionary genetics; geographic variation; evolutionary concordance; pocket gophers; cladistic anal- ysis; paraphyly; speciation.)
Feedforward Responses of Stomata to Humidity

Models for the responses of stomatal conductance to changes in humidity difference between leaf and air are developed. Feedforward of the stomatal response to humidity difference is present when stomata respond to a portion of the rate of transpiration of the leaf that is unaffected by changes in stomatal aperture (cuticular transpiration). A simple linear model of the responses of conductance is sufficient to predict many phenomena reported in the literature. These include the presence, under specified conditions, of a peak rate of transpiration, and an increase in the conductance and humidity difference at which this peak occurs, with increased general levels of stomatal opening.
An experimental study of the reproductive behaviour and success of farmed and wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

1. Escape of cultured organisms into natural ecosystems may threaten wild populations both ecologically and genetically. In the aquaculture industry, farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) often escape and enter the spawning grounds of wild salmon. We report experiments to assess the competitive and reproductive abilities of fifth-generation farmed salmon and their potential impacts upon wild salmon. 2. The farmed and wild females had similar levels of competitive behaviour; however, they differed in reproductive behaviour and success. Farmed females displayed less breeding behaviour, constructed fewer nests, retained a greater weight of eggs unspawned, were less efficient at nest covering, incurred more nest destruction, and suffered greater egg mortality than wild females. As a result, farmed females had less than one-third of the reproductive success of wild females. 3. The farmed males were even less successful than the farmed females in competition with the wild fish. They were less aggressive, courted less, partook in fewer spawnings, and achieved only an estimated one to three percentage of the reproductive success of the wild males. 4. The farmed males exhibited inappropriate mating behaviour, that led to poor fertilization success, even in the absence of competition with wild males. 5. Adult farmed fish are thus likely to be relatively unsuccessful in natural environments due to a competitive and reproductive inferiority apparently resulting from domestication.
Broiler Tenderness: Effects of Postchill Deboning Time and Fillet Holding Time

Abstract The tremendous increase in volume of new products containing broiler breast meat has caused many processors to abbreviate the traditional postmortem aging period necessary to ensure ultimate tenderness in the cooked meat. Differences in the tenderness of broiler breast muscle were examined by varying the time prior to deboning breast muscle (0, 1, or 24 hours postchill) and by holding the deboned muscles at refrigerated temperature for various times prior to freezing (0, 12, or 24 hours). Removing breast muscles immediately postchill resulted in the toughest meat. Muscles left on the carcass for 1 hour postchill were less tough than the muscles removed immediately postchill, and the muscles removed after 24 hours were the most tender.
A Critique on the Foundational Response Surface Methodology for Exploring Optimal Regions

The interest of most process engineers in industries is usually to optimize the yield of their processes. Not until 1951, imprecise methodologies were used in industries for this purpose. However, in 1951, G. E. P. Box and K. B. Wilson invented the technique of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) as one used for the optimization of the yield of processes. Being an initial idea, this paper has considered RSM as a foundational idea. In particular, it criticizes this foundational idea from the angle of its intuitive approach to searching for near-optimal settings of industrial processes, should such processes fail to run at optimal settings. RSM uses the tools of canonical transformation and analysis (a trial-and-error routine) for this search. Regardless, the foundational response surface methodology is acknowledged to be primarily efficient for determining the optimum response.
The effect of extracellular pH on the adherence and differentiation of isolated rat osteoclasts

Colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) は, 破骨細胞の生存・融合促進因子であり, 骨代謝に重要な影響を及ぼす. また, 破骨細胞は細胞外pHが低くなると活性化されるという報告もある. 本研究では単離した破骨細胞を用いてCSF-1による細胞分化促進に及ぼす細胞外pH変動の影響について, 融合現象とアクチンリング形成を分化の指標として検索した. 破骨細胞に500pM CSF-1を添加すると融合促進効果がみられるが, これは細胞外pH 7.0で最大となり, アクチンリング形成は, pH 6.8, 7.0で最も強く促進された. 形態的特徴としてpH 6.8の場合, 破骨細胞は融合作用が抑制され丸く小さく, pH 7.0, 7. 2では, 細胞は丸みを帯び大きく広がり, pH 7. 5の場合, 細胞は偽足を持ち遊走した. 一方, CSF-1無添加の対照群では, pH 6.8～7. 5のいずれの群でも破骨細胞の融合促進作用も最終分化の指標であるアクチンリング形成も誘導されなかった. 以上のことより, 細胞外のpHの変動はCSF-1による破骨細胞の生存, 融合, 分化に影響を及ぼすことが示唆された.
A prospective, double‐blind, randomized study of high‐versus low‐dose OK3 induction immunosuppression in cadaveric renal transplantation

Abstract We undertook a prospective, double‐blind study of high‐(5‐mg) versus low‐(2‐mg) dose OKT3 for induction immunosuppression (12 days) in cadaveric renal allograft transplantation. Maintenance immunosuppression was identical in both groups and consisted of azathioprine and prednisone initially, with cyclosporine beginning on the 5th postoperative day. Twenty‐six patients were randomized. The groups were similar in terms of age, kidney ischemia time, peak PRA, and latest PRA. There were more diabetics and women in the high‐dose group. Patient survival at 12 months was 100% in both groups. Graft survival at 12 months was 92% and 100% in the high‐and low‐dose groups, respectively. Infections were mostly minor and equal in frequency in the two groups. All patients receiving high‐ or low‐dose OKT3 had manifestations of the cytokine release syndrome; these were delayed in onset in the low‐dose group. Eleven patients (85%) in each group produced anti‐OKT3 antibodies. Lymphocyte depletion after 1 day was major (> 98%) and identical in both groups. CD3 antigens were removed more slowly in the low‐dose group but eventually at equal rates in both groups. Cost was significantly lower in the low‐dose group. We conclude that while both doses of OKT3 were effective and safe for induction immunosuppression, it may be prudent to use a lower dose of OKT3 for induction immunosuppression because of its potential to reduce cytokine‐mediated effects and to avoid the complications of overimmunosuppression and because of the lower costs associated with it.
Induction of Cadmium-resistance of Pseudomonas putida GAM-1

Several bacteria have been isolated that grew on a medium containing high concentrations of Cd2+. Resistance to Cd2+ in these bacteria has been shown to be caused by a decreased uptake of Cd2+ into cells,1~6) the production of Cd2 +-binding proteins,5J) or the formation of insoluble CdS.8) Wehave reported that Cd2+-resistant Pseudomonas putida GAM-1, isolated from soil in a rice paddy, harbors a plasmid (52.2 kilobases) designated pGUlOO that specifies Cd2+-resistance of this bacterium.9) Wedescribe in this paper the induction of Cd2+resistance in P. putida GAM-1by Cd2+. P. putida GAM-1grew in concentrations of CdCl2 as high as 7 mM, but when this bacterium precultured without Cd2+ was inoculated into L-broth containing 3.5mM
Protein and Energy Intake in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease: How Much is Too Much?

Uremic wasting is strongly associated with increased risk of death and hospitalization events in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recent evidence indicates that patients with advanced chronic kidney disease are prone to uremic wasting due to several factors, which include the dialysis procedure and certain comorbid conditions, especially chronic inflammation and insulin resistance or deficiency. While the catabolic effects of dialysis can be readily avoided with intradialytic nutritional supplementation, there are no established alternative strategies to avoid the catabolic consequences of comorbid conditions other than treatment of their primary etiology. To this end, there is no indication that simply increasing dietary protein and energy intake above the required levels based on level of kidney disease is beneficial in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease. However, aside from the potential adverse effects such as uremic toxin production, dietary protein and energy intake in excess of actual needs might be beneficial in maintenance dialysis patients as it may lead to weight gain over time. Clearly, the role of obesity in advanced uremia needs to be examined in detail prior to making any clinically applicable recommendations, both in terms of ‘‘low’’ and ‘‘high’’ dietary protein and energy intake.
Structure and composition of the liana assemblage of a mixed rainforest in the Congo Basin

Background and aims – The Congo Basin lowland forest represents one of the largest tropical forest blocks in the world, but its liana assemblage has never been characterized. We evaluate liana floristics, diversity, and structure in the Ituri Forest, and determine the effects of forest structure and edaphic variation on liana species composition. Methods – Two permanent 10-ha plots (200 × 500 m), 500 m apart, were established in mixed forest. All liana individuals = 2 cm dbh were identified, measured, mapped, and marked. For 20 × 20 m subplots we distinguished terra firme and swamp, and we estimated canopy openness. Key results – The combined 20-ha area contains 15,008 lianas (dbh = 2 cm) representing 195 species, 83 genera, and 34 families. Per hectare, species number averaged 64, mean basal area was 0.71 m2 and mean Fisher's alpha, Shannon index, and Simpson diversity index values were 17.9, 3.1 and 11.4, respectively. Ten dominant plant families represented 69% of total species richness, 92% of liana abundance and 92% of basal area, while ten dominant species accounted for 63% of abundance and 59% of basal area. A single species, Manniophyton fulvum, dominated the liana community (22% of all individuals). Forty-one species (21%) had one individual only. Twiners, zoochorous, light-demanding, and meso- or microphyllous species dominated. Liana abundance increased with abundance of medium-sized and large trees but was, surprisingly, independent of small-tree abundance. Canopy openness, habitat type, and tree size were the most important factors influencing abundance and distribution of liana individuals. Conclusions – The Ituri liana assemblage stands out by showing an extreme one-species dominance. Species floristic composition is, however, generally similar to that in other tropical African forests.
Effects of plant functional group loss on soil biota and net ecosystem exchange: a plant removal experiment in the Mongolian grassland

The rapid loss of global biodiversity can greatly affect the functioning of above‐ground components of ecosystems. However, how such biodiversity losses affect below‐ground communities and linkages to soil carbon (C) sequestration is unclear. Here, we describe how losses in plant functional groups (PFGs) affect soil microbial and nematode communities and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) in a 4‐year removal experiment conducted on the Mongolian plateau, the world's largest remaining natural grassland. Our results demonstrated that the biomasses or abundances of most components of the two below‐ground communities (microbes and nematodes) were negatively affected by PFG loss and were positively related to above‐ground plant biomass. The removal of dominant PFGs (perennial bunchgrasses and perennial rhizomatous grasses) reduced the biomass or abundance of below‐ground community components while removal of less dominant PFGs (perennial forbs and annuals/biennials) did not change or increased the biomass or abundance of below‐ground community components. The biomass‐based ratio of fungal to bacterial microbes and the number‐based ratio of fungal‐feeding to bacterial‐feeding nematodes decreased with increasing PFG losses. Variation partitioning analyses showed that the identity of PFGs together with above‐ground plant biomass explained most of the total variation in soil microbes and that the identity of PFGs and above‐ground plant biomass together with nematode food resources explained most of the total variation in soil nematodes. The increase in NEE with PFG loss was mainly explained by decreases in above‐ground plant biomass and the ratio of fungi to bacteria. Synthesis. The shift of below‐ground communities from a fungal‐based to a bacterial‐based energy channel as PFG richness decreases indicates that less diverse grassland ecosystems will have lower nutrient retention and hence be more sensitive to land‐use or climate change. The dominant effects of above‐ground plant biomass and below‐ground communities on NEE indicate that PFG loss resulting from land‐use or climate change has the potential to reduce C sequestration in semi‐arid grassland soils. These findings suggest that predictive models may need to consider the composition of above‐ground and below‐ground communities in order to accurately simulate the dynamics of CO2 fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems.
Peregrine Falcon Observed Feeding Far at Sea

on, 17 min off; 20 April, 11:30-12:45, 75 min on. The nest was fully exposed to the sun, and on 19 and 20 April the bird stood in the nest with drooping wings, panting with open bill, so that its orangeyellow gape was clearly visible. Sometimes the bird answered its calling mate. In the case in which the second egg had been laid on 30 April, both eggs hatched on 14 May, an incubation period of 14 days. Nestling period. The nestlings are fed by both parents and almost exclusively on insects, only one at a time. My observations of a nest in which the eggs hatched on 14 May 1961 are shown in table 1. The quick feeding rate on 21, 22, and 29 May I attribute to the fact that both parents snapped insects from branches immediately below the nest in flight in the same way as the tody flycatchers (Todirostrum) feed (Haverschmidt, Auk 72:325, 1955). The excrements of the nestlings were taken away by both parents and on 21 May I saw one bird "nest probing" after having fed. Then it covered the nestlings. The nestlings were no longer covered after they were eight days old. On 31 May (when they were 17 days old) both nestlings left the nest and I lost sight of them. The main food of Phaeomyias in my garden were the orange berries of Phthirusa pirifolia (Loranthaceae). Sometimes a bird with a berry in its bill alighted on the nest rim but swallowed it, and only twice, when they were eight and ten days old, did I see that a berry was fed to the nestlings. Nest defense. Both birds were very aggressive towards other birds that ventured near the nest. I saw them chasing away (by divebombing) Bananaquits (Coereba flaveola), House Wrens (Troglodytes aedon), Barred Antshrikes (Thamnophilus doliatus), Blue-gray Tanagers (Thraupis episcopus), Silverbeaked Tanagers (Ramphocelus carbo), and even the much larger Smooth-billed Ani (Crotophaga ani), which I suspect as a potential nest robber.
Mechanisms of hypertension in hyperinsulinemic and insulin resistant fructose hypertensive rats

The fructose-induced hypertensive (FH) rat is a diet-induced model of mild hypertension. In this model, feeding normal Sprague Dawley rats a fructose-enriched diet (66% fructose) results in hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and hypertension (independent of obesity). Several lines of evidence suggest that insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia may play a pathogenic role in the development of high blood pressure in this model. This view is supported by observations which indicate that drugs that specifically counter insulin resistance (and attenuate hyperinsulinemia) exhibit antihypertensive effects. Despite the increasing use of this model, very little information is available regarding the mechanism(s) that link hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance to high blood pressure in FH rats. A growing body of recent evidence suggests, that insulin, in addition to its well known effects on carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism, exerts important hemodynamic effects by modulating both vascular tone and sympathetic activity. This has led to the hypothesis that in states of insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia, alterations in the hemodynamic actions of insulin may be important in the development and/or reinforcement of hypertension. The experiments outlined in this thesis were designed to examine this proposition in insulin resistant and hyperinsulinemic FH rats. In the first series of experiments, we studied the direct effects of insulin on the reactivity of aortae and perfused mesenteric arteries (MVB) from control (C) and FH rats to norepinephrine and angiotensin JJ. The key observation from this study was that the vascular effects of insulin were vessel-specific and dose-dependent. In the C rat aortae, pharmacological insulin concentrations (100 mU/ml) attenuated the contractile responses,
Effects of Phosphorus Nutrition on Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase Activation, Photosynthetic Quantum Yield and Amounts of Some Calvin-Cycle Metabolites in Spinach Leaves

When spinach plants were transferred to nutrient solutions without phosphorus, the photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area gradually declined. Stomatal conductance also decreased but was not the sole cause of the decreased photosynthetic rate because the partial pressure of CO2 in the intercellular spaces (CI) was unaltered. Measurements of the photosynthetic rate as a function of CI indicated reductions in both ribulosebisphosphate (RuP2) carboxylase activity and RuP2 regeneration capacity. From assays of RuP2 carboxylase activity in vitro and 'percentage activation', it was concluded that low-P leaves had less enzyme per unit area than controls and that the enzyme was also less activated. The photosynthetic quantum yield was reduced by phosphorus deficiency with no effect on leaf absorptance or chlorophyll content. The reduced quantum yield was accompanied by changes in chlorophyll fluorescence of photosystems I and II measured at 77K. However, since phosphorus deficiency did not affect the uncoupled rate of whole-chain electron transport in vitro, some factor(s) other than photoinhibition probably contributed to the reduced quantum yield. The lack of effect on this electron-transport rate also indicates that the maximal RuP2 regeneration rate in low-P leaves was not limited by the amount of electon-transport components. At ambient [CO2], low-P leaves had significantly less RuP2 and 3-phosphoglycerate (PGA) than controls and the response of photosynthesis to low [O2] was similar to control leaves. Therefore photosynthesis did not appear to be limited by triose-phosphate utilization. The low concentrations of RuP2 and PGA (and presumably other Calvin-cycle intermediates) might have reduced the rate of the Calvin cycle. After returning low-P plants to nutrient solutions with PO4, the percentage activation of RuP2 carboxylase, amounts of RuP2 and PGA, quantum yield and maximal RuP2 regeneration rate increased within 24 h. The quantum yield and photosynthetic rate at higher irradiance also increased when leaf discs from low-P plants were floated on 10 mM PO4 solutions for 2 h.
Penicillin-Resistant Anthrax Bacilli Isolated from a Dead Dairy Cow

Gram-positive bacilli were isolated from the venous blood of a dairy cow which died of suspected anthrax in Ryugasaki, Ibaraki Prefecture, in August, 1970. They were identified as Bacillus anthracis (Ryugasaki strain), since they had a capsule, gave a positive phage test, and were pathogenic for mice. As they gave a negative pearl test, they were subjected to the penicillin sensitivity test. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 8,000u/ml for the Ryugasaki strain, while it was 0.05-0.10u/ml for the control strain of B. anthracis. There were no great differences in sensitivity to other antibiotics than penicillin or sulfa drugs, or in biological properties between the Ryugasaki and control strains. Pathogenicity for mice, as examined by the method of ROTH et al., seemed to be a little lower in the isolated strain than in the control. The centrifugal supernatant of an overnight culture fluid of that strain in tryptosoy broth inactivated 2,000u/ml of penicillin G completely. This result suggests the presence of penicillinase as the mechanism of resistance of this strain to penicillin. Attention should be paid to the occurrence of penicillin-resistant anthrax bacilli when the diagnosis and treatment of anthrax are to be performed.
Channels

Work Experience Broadband Information Transmission and Signaling Laboratory (BITS) Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Texas at Dallas Position: Graduate Research Assistant Period: 01/2005 – present • Masters Thesis Optimum DCT-Based Multicarrier Transceivers for Frequency Selective Channels Design of a novel cyclic prefix for DCT-based Multicarrier Transceiver Demonstrated that DCT-based OFDM system outperforms DFT-based OFDM system in the presence of several channel impairments like, Frequency offset, Narrowband Interference, Channel Estimation and Doppler Effect. • Study of Narrowband Interference in ADSL systems Implemented the Throughput model and compared the performance of DCT and DFT-based OFDM system, in the presence of Narrowband Interference Larson and Toubro InfoTech Telecommunication Department Church Street, Bangalore, India. Position: Software Engineering Trainee Period: 07/2003 – 07/2004 • Robust Header Compression (RoHC) Designed and developed the Compressor, CRC and Encoding protocols for ROHC using C. Participated in unit testing and integration testing of the protocol. Assisted in code optimization to make the protocol OS independent. • Hybrid Access Terminal (HAT) Designed the HAT Simulator to monitor handoff between CDMA1x and WLAN networks Designed and developed GUI for HAT using C under Linux/UNIX