Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydrodynamic cavitation - an alternative to ultrasonic food processing

The paper presents a detailed analysis of the physico-chemical effects of acoustic cavitation used in food processing. The mechanism of interaction between acoustic cavitation and food media is discussed. An overview of recent studies carried out on dairy processing using acoustic cavitation is provided. The acoustic cavitation reactors available in the market are not suitable for large-scale food processing despite positive results obtained with laboratory and pilot scale experiments. Considering a new approach to the theory of cavitation in rotary machines, it has been suggested that hydrodynamic cavitation can be an alternative to acoustic cavitation in food processing applications involving large volumes. A model has been developed that is suitable for the construction of new generation cavitational rotary disintegrators. Keywords: food sonochemistry, acoustic cavitation, hydrodynamic cavitation, cavitational rotary disintegrator. INTRODUCTION Ultrasonic sonochemistry, despite its young age in science, has firmly taken the place of a separate section in high energy chemistry [1]. Now it has separate research areas such as ultrasonic food processing that are actively being developed [2–5]. It promises to solve many problems faced by the food industry, such as the efficient replenishment of moisture lost during the storage and primary processing of edible raw materials. The mankind has been forced to keep the ever-increasing supplies of raw food materials in the dried and frozen form. Therefore, the effective binding of water with food biopolymers – rehydration process – is one of the major problems in the modern food industry. The advantages derived from the addition of water during food processing were established by Henry IV Bolingbroke. A global scientific community for the first time focused its attention to the importance of water in food in 1974 at the International Symposium «Water relations of food» in Glasgow. Then the Proceedings of the Science Forum, edited by Professor R. B. Duckworth of the University of Strathclyde [6], was released which is now more popular among professionals. Biochemists at the symposium reported that chemically pure protein can theoretically bind up
A REVIEW ON MEDICINAL PLANTS AND HERBAL DRUG FORMULATIONS USED IN DIABETES MELLITUS

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder in the endocrine system. This dreadful disease is found in all parts of the world and is becoming a serious threat to mankind health. It is caused by the deficiency or ineffective production of insulin by pancreas which results in increase or decrease in concentrations of glucose in the blood. There are lots of chemical agents available to control and to treat diabetic patients, but total recovery from diabetes has not been reported up to this date. Alternative to these synthetic agents, many herbal plants with hypoglycemic properties are known from across the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) has listed 21,000 plants, which are used for medicinal purposes around the world. Among these 2500 species are in India, out of which 150 species are used commercially on a fairly large scale. India is the largest producer of medicinal herbs and is called as botanical garden of the world. This paper focuses mainly on diabetes, plants used as Antidiabetic in various traditional medicines, constituents isolated from these plants, various mechanisms through which herbs act against diabetes and few examples of antidiabetic formulations available in the market.
Simultaneous confidence bands in spectral density estimation

We propose a method for the construction of simultaneous confidence bands for a smoothed version of the spectral density of a Gaussian process based on nonparametric kernel estimators obtained by smoothing the periodogram. A studentized statistic is used to determine the width of the band at each frequency and a frequency-domain bootstrap approach is employed to estimate the distribution of the supremum of this statistic over all frequencies. We prove by means of strong approximations that the bootstrap estimates consistently the distribution of the supremum deviation of interest and, consequently, that the proposed confidence bands achieve asymptotically the desired simultaneous coverage probability. The behaviour of our method in finite-sample situations is investigated by simulations and a real-life data example demonstrates its applicability in time series analysis. Copyright 2008, Oxford University Press.
Understanding Land–Atmosphere Interactions across a Range of Spatial and Temporal Scales

What: Scientists from 15 different countries met to update the state of the science on land– atmosphere interactions considering a wide range of spatial and temporal scales and to discuss how to improve both our understanding of biophysical processes that occur at the land surface and their representation in atmospheric models. When: 8–10 October 2012 Where: Madrid, Spain UNDERSTANDING LAND– ATMOSPHERE INTERACTIONS ACROSS A RANGE OF SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL SCALES
Effects of Partially Replacing Soybean Meal in Grower Diets with Pawpaw (Carica papaya) Leaf Meal on Nutrient Digestibility and Growth Performance of Japanese Quails (Cortunix japonica)

This study assessed nutrient digestibility and growth performance of Japanese quails (Cortunix japonica) fed diets with 0, 2, 4 and 6% pawpaw (Carica papaya) leaf meal (PLM) as a protein source. Fresh pawpaw leaves were collected, dried under a shade to a crispy feel, and pounded into a fine PLM. The PLM was used to formulate diets in which it replaced soybean meal at 0, 2, 4 and 6%. Thereafter, 108 three-weeks-old quails were individually weighed, divided into four groups based on body weights, and groups randomly assigned 0, 2, 4 and 6% PLM-diets. The diets, and drinking water were offered to the birds ad libitum until 42d of age. Feed intake, weight gain, body weights, feed conversion ratios (FCR), and digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), ether extract (EE) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) were assessed. Feed intake, weight gain, body weights, FCR, and digestibility of DM, CP, CF, EE, and NFE significantly improved with increase in PLM content in the diets. Birds fed 6% PLM-diet were superior (p < 0.05) in all these parameters, followed by those in 4% PLM group. No significant differences were observed between control and 2% PLM-diet fed birds. Thus, partially replacing soybean meal with PLM improved nutrient digestibility and growth performance of quails, and optimal results were achieved at 6% PLM replacement level.
Mechanisms of crack bridging by composite and metallic rods

Experiments are reported that explore the mechanics of single pins or rods that bridge a delamination crack in a miniature model specimen. The effects of material and geometrical parameters are determined by varying the angle of the rod, its material, and the material in which it is embedded. Different tests represent mode I and mode II loading, with respect to a pre-existing delamination crack. Many observed mechanisms are similar to those previously reported for stitches and in limited studies on rods. They include debonding and sliding of the rod relative to the substrate, lateral deflection of the rod into the substrate (when mode II is present), rod pullout, and rod rupture. Sliding in mode I can be explained by assuming that pullout is resisted by uniform friction, which has a modest value (,1–20 MPa). However, when mode II loading is present and the rod deflects laterally, a more complicated friction behaviour is suggested. Peak load occurs well after the whole rod has begun to slide out of the specimen, implying that the pullout process is stable in mode II to large displacements. This, together with the high values observed for the peak loads and displacements suggest the presence of an enhanced friction zone (snubbing effect) extending over the segment of the rod that has been laterally deflected by mode II loading. This zone can grow under increasing shear displacements even after the whole rod begins to slide, leading to increasing shear loads (stable pullout). Various characteristics of the pullout experiments are consistent with this model. q 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Prevalence of Canine Heartworm Disease in Stray Dogs of Grenada, West Indies

Dirofilariasis (heartworm disease) has been reported in Grenadian dogs. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in stray dogs (n = 523) from the six Parishes of Grenada. Necropsy records were reviewed; information on the distribution and lesions of Dirofilaria immitis was recorded. A total of 144 from 523 dogs (27.5%; 95% CI: 23.9% to 31.5%) were positive for Dirofilaria immitis on necropsy. This study shows that heartworm disease is prevalent in stray dogs in all the Parishes of mainland Grenada. This is a progressive, life-threatening disease and thus, there is a need to screen and prevent it within the stray dog population of Grenada.
NATURAL PRODUCTS : HEALTHY AND SAFE ALTERNATIVES TO HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY

A major concern for many aging women is menopause and how to deal with bodily changes associate with this phase of life. Menopause, most commonly occurring in women between the ages of 48 and 55, is the end of menstruation. Imbalances in both estrogen and progesterone often cause women to endure discomforts such as mood swings, hot flashes, depression and sleeping disorders. In order to remedy menopause, women in the past would have the choice of undergoing Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT), which consists of taking doses of synthetic hormones. This treatment, however, has been shown to be linked to health problems such as an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and breast cancer. In fact, the number of health professionals completely disapproving this treatment is ever-increasing. To alleviate the anxiety of HRT many sought out natural alternatives. Many countries in Asia are known to have lower rates of problems related to menopause due to use of natural products as alternatives to HRT. One notable herb that has attracted a great deal of attention is black cohosh. Other important natural products are isoflavonoids from soybeans, as well as chasteberry, red clover, St. John’s wort, vitamin E, and wild yam. The effectiveness of each of these natural products has been assessed in various studies.
Reconstructing marine productivity of the Cariaco Basin during Marine Isotope Stages 3 and 4 using organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts

[1] An organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst analysis was carried out on sediment core MD03-2622, retrieved from the Cariaco Basin. The core comprises the 73–30 ka interval. Down core changes in cyst abundance, accumulation rate, and composition of cyst assemblages were used to identify climatic and oceanographic changes at orbital and millennial time scales in this near-equatorial seasonal upwelling area. Throughout the sequence, dinoflagellate cyst assemblages were dominated by heterotrophic dinocysts (mainly Brigantedinium spp.), with the exception of four autotrophic-dominated (mainly Spiniferites ramosus) intervals around 58, 53, 46, and 37 ka. At orbital time scales, changes in the dinoflagellate productivity seem to follow low-latitude insolation, with the highest productivities coinciding with maximum February insolation (47–38 ka). At millennial scales, cyst accumulation rates appeared to coincide with Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) variability, with significant increments occurring during warm interstadials. The opposite was true during stadials. Short periods of high nutrient availability and stratified conditions followed Heinrich events H4, H5, H5a, and H6 and concurred with enhanced river runoff. Spectral analyses confirm the existence of these and other higher-frequency periodicities and support the idea of a tightly coupled terrestrial/marine and tropical/high-latitude climate system during the last glacial period.
Use of Laser Direct-Write in Microelectronics Assembly

The use of a laser-based direct-write (LDW) process is presented for the transfer of unpackaged semiconductor bare die for microelectronics assembly applications. Previous work using LDW techniques at the Naval Research Laboratory had been aimed towards demonstrating the use of a laser-based microfabrication process for direct-writing the materials required for the fabrication of microelectronic components such as interconnects, passives, antennas, sensors and power sources. Recently, we have applied the LDW process in forward-transfer mode to the release and transfer of single devices, such as semiconductor bare die, inside a pocket or recess in a substrate, thus performing the same function as pick-and-place machines used in circuit board assembly. The use of this technique is ideally suited for the assembly of microelectronic components and systems while allowing the overall circuit design and layout to be easily modified or adapted to any specific application or form factor. This paper presents examples of how the LDW process can be used as an effective laser die transfer tool and analysis of the laser-driven release process as applied to various types of silicon bare dies.
Peach Summer School 2007 Extended Abstract : Presence in stressful environments

The need for training in dangerous situations in all stages of an educational system through secure environments, so that the maximum experience transfer of equivalent real situations is to be gained, leads to the implementation of suitable Educational Virtual Environments (EVEs). Participants’ sense of presence in such synthetic environments is a factor of major importance. The goal of this work is the estimation of the factors that contribute to the sense of presence in an educational virtual environment in earthquake situations. We study the factors of mental transfer, virtual environment’s realism and the contribution of sensory stimuli. The results from a pilot study show that the sense of presence depends on the attribution of virtual environment’s content and on its enrichment with external sensory stimuli.
Freezing Wheat Root Tips Causes Hyperphospharylation of Histone H3 at Serine 10 in the Cell during Mitosis

Plants are able to produce various responses to environmental changes. In this report, we demonstrate that freezing of wheat root tips results in hyperphospharylation of Histone H3 at serine10. In normal conditions, the serine10 phosphorylation of histone H3 occurs at the condensed chromosomes at prophase and vanishes at telophase. The phosphorylated H3 is present mainly in the pericentromeric regions at metaphase and anaphase. However, in the frozen cells, the phosphorylation of histone H3 at serine10 is distributed throughout the chromosome arms at all of the phases during mitosis, even at interphase and cytokinesis. The results support the notion that hyperphospharylation of Histone H3 at serine10 is related to a stringent response.
Validating and understanding the ENSO simulation in two coupled climate models

Abstract A newly developed Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM) at T62 spectral truncation with 28 terrainfollowing (σ=pps) levels coupled to the Modular Ocean Model version 3.0 (MOM3.0) is evaluated for its simulation of El Ni˜no and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO). It is also compared with an older version of the AGCM coupled to the same ocean model. A dozen features of ENSO are validated. These characteristics of ENSO highlight its influence on global climate at seasonal to interannual scales. The major improvements of the ENSO simulation from this new coupled climate model are the seasonal phase locking of the ENSO variability to a realistic annual cycle of the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean, the duration of the ENSO events and its evolution that is comparable to the ocean data assimilation. The two apparent drawbacks of this new model are its relatively weak ENSO variability and the presence of erroneous split ITCZ. The improvement of the ENSO simulation in the new coupled model is attributed to realistic thermocline variability and wind stress simulation.
Stress 2.0: Social Media Overload Among Swiss Teenagers

Technostress and information overload are serious challenges of the information age. An alarming number of people exhibit dangerously intensive media consumption, while Internet and mobile phone addictions are a widespread phenomenon. At the same time, new media overexposure among young people is understudied, even more so when social network sites are concerned. Our study explores how feelings of overexposure and stress relate to the self-expressive needs of teenagers, made explicit through their digital interactions. It presents and discusses the results of a large-scale survey conducted during an exhibition on media overload in Berne, Switzerland. A total of 6989 adolescents provided answers on their media overload and stress. Through a quantitative analysis, significant factors fostering and inhibiting SNS overload are found.
Visualizing Clickstream Data

Clickstream data is ubiquitous in today’s web-connected world. Such data displays the salient features of big data, that is, volume, velocity and variety. As with any big data, visualizations can play a central role in making sense and generating hypotheses from such data. In this paper, we present a systematic approach of visualizing clickstream data. There are three basic questions we aim to address. First, we explore the interdependence between the large number of dimensions that are measured in clickstream data. Next, we analyze spatial aspects of data collected in web-analytics. Finally, the web designers might be interested in getting a deeper understanding of the website’s topography and how browsers are interacting with it. Our approach is designed for business analysts, web designers and marketers; and helps them draw actionable insights in the management and refinement of large websites.
Active Queue Management Mechanisms and its Effects on Voice over IP Makkawi

Due to the increase in the data been transmitted every single second around the networks all over the world, also the integration of both data and voice over the existing network infrastructure which ensure low cost, and enhance the network management which result of a huge amount of data crossing the links from this point come the need of queue management to control this data from the source to the destination , there been various development in this area , so two classifications was founded which is passive queue management (PQM) and active queue management, this paper focus in active queue management and its variant, basically this thesis presents an inclusive study about the effect of active queue management (AQM) on Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) quality of service Using simulations. The valuation is done using the OPNET Modeler, which offers a appropriate and easy-touse plat form for simulating all types of networks and this also give option to go through different levels of designing a network even with the ability to program the mechanism you want which is used here to implement two types of AQM mechanism which is not involved by default in the OPNET and these two mechanisms are ARED and GRED. The performance parameters used in the study are queue size, packet drop probability, and packet loss rate. The study shows that, among the four algorithms, ARED and GRED are more effective in reducing end-to-end delay and stabilizing the queue size which automatically reduce delay and jitter. In addition to that, it showed a significant impact on controlling the packet loss rate while maintaining high link utilization.
Relation & Association of Mean Ocular Perfusion Pressure in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma

Purpose: To find out relationship of mean ocular perfusion pressure(MOPP), Systolic ocular perfusion pressure (SPP) & diastolic ocular perfusion pressure with occurrence of primary open angle glaucoma(POAG) Study Design: Hospital based cross sectional study Study period: August ‘2016February ’2017. A period of 6 months. Setting: Sankara eye hospital, krishnankoil, tamilnadu. Method: In a period of 6 months we examined total 836 patients of 40-80 years age group from southern part of Tamilnadu, of which 431 patients were male & 405 were female. All patients are evaluated with dilated fundus bio microscopy with +90D lens,IOP measurement by applanation tonometer,gonioscopy by goldman 4 mirror goniolens& Humphrey 30-2 perimetry test. Only primary open angle glaucoma patients were included. Blood pressure was checked in each patient with digital BP measuring instrument. After collecting all data MOPP, SPP, DPP were calculated. Result: The mean IOP in POAG group was 21.8± 8.4 mm of Hg, whereas in normal group it was 15.7± 4.2 mm of Hg. MOPP in POAG patients was 59.9± 9.4 mm of Hg & normal group 62.7 ± 10.4 mm of Hg. SPP & DPP in POAG patients were 136.2± 15.4 & 62.2±11.8 mm of Hg. In normal group SPP & DPP was 134.6±18.4 mm of Hg & 64.6±10.6 mm of Hg respectively. The relation of OPP in POAG was done by multivariate logistic regression analysis, where pressure related factors i.e. MOPP, SPP, DPP were taken as variable. Lower DBP, lower MOPP was significantly associated with OAG risk. Lower DBP (OR= 1.65; 95% CI, 1.12 –2.82, comparing persons in the lowest quartile with those in highest quartile [Q1 vs. Q4] of DBP), lower MOPP (OR=1.63; 95% CI, 1.02–2.85; [Q1 vs. Q4]) and lower DPP (OR,=1.56; 95% CI, 1.23–2.92; [Q1 vs. Q4]) were significantly associated with OAG risk. Higher SBP wasnot associated with increased risk of glaucoma(p= 0.64)
Major Changes and Attrition: An Information Theoretic and Statistical Examination of Cohort Features Stratified on Major Switches

George D. Ricco is the KEEN Program Coordinator at Gonzaga University in the School of Engineering and Applied Science. He completed his doctorate in engineering education from Purdue University’s School of Engineering Education. Previously, he received a M.S. in earth and planetary sciences studying geospatial imaging and a M.S. in physics studying high-pressure, high-temperature FT-IR spectroscopy in heavy water, both from the University of California, Santa Cruz. He holds a B.S.E. in engineering physics with a concentration in electrical engineering from Case Western Reserve University. His academic interests include longitudinal analysis, visualization, semantics, team formation, gender issues, existential phenomenology, and lagomorph physiology. He lives in romantic Spokane with his leporidae partner, Rochelle Huffington Nibblesworth.
Hidden Tractable Classes

Tractable classes constitute an important issue in CP, at least from a theoretical viewpoint. But they are not actually used in practice. Either their treatment is too costly for time complexity. Or, even if there exist efficient algorithms to manage them, they do not appear in the real problems. We propose here to address this issue thanks to the notion of hidden tractable classes. Such classes are based on a known tractable class C, and a transformation t, and are defined by sets of instances P such that their transformation using t is in C, that is t(P ) ∈ C. We propose a general framework to study such notions. After, we focus our study on the tractable class BTP, and several transformations which are the filterings classically used in CP. We show then that the use of filterings allows sometimes to highlight the occurrence of BTP in the benchmarks generally considered for solver comparisons, i.e. that BTP is therefore sometimes “hidden” in the benchmarks. Thus, this approach allows to extend the set of known tractable classes.