Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Skopos Theory: An Exemplification of Fiction

The Skopos Theory is one of the most recognized theories in modern translation field. The ‘Skopos Theory’ is originated in Germany, and then it becomes widely accepted and recognized in modern translation study field. The meaning of Skopos in Latin means aim, purpose, intention or function. The key idea in Skopos Theory is that the translation action is the way to deliver information, which means, the translations don’t need to be word by word but need to present the key meaning from source text. It is found that, translators always cannot deliver all the meaning by translating the source text word by word. It adds the subjective initiative based on equivalent translation Theory, which becomes more real and easily accepted by people. The Chinese edition of Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone from People's Publishing House in 2000 is widely accepted by the Chinese readers. Based on this research model, this paper expects to analyze the reasons behind the success of Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone and its translation from the perspective of ‘Skopos Theory’ and improve the practical skills in translation field. The current paper analyzes the author, the story and the Chinese edition of answer: why is it so successful in China? It compares the Chinese version and English version of Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone. It includes the translation of proper nouns, the translation of Chinese idioms, and the translation
Online Videos: What Every Instructor Should Know

Instructors in STEM fields are increasingly developing online videos for use in flipped courses or simply as supplementary resources for students. Although research interest in video predates the rise of massive open online courses (MOOCs) in the last few years, [11] the rapid proliferation of these courses with video at their core has helped reinvigorate interest in video as a medium for communication, learning, and research. This renewed attention opens up two significant opportunities for researchers and instructors. First, the scale with which researchers can now collect data not just on video usage, but also from video usage, opens up avenues for inquiry that were not feasible before. [7] Second, the experimentation that video producers, instructors, and researchers can now carry out is both faster and wider than before. [5] One byproduct of this creative opportunity, however, is the challenge faced by instructors in identifying practical insights and principles to apply when considering and/or developing videos.
A binomial tree approach to stochastic volatility driven model of the stock price

In this article we attempt to deal with the problem of finding option prices when the volatility component of the price is stochastic. The model we use is: dSt = μStdt + σ(Yt)StdWt, where Yt is a mean-reverting type process. First, we show how to estimate the distribution of the volatility component, using an algorithm due to Del Moral, Jacod and Protter [6]. Second, using this distributon we are able to construct a binomial tree model which converges to the solution of the given equation. In order to price options on the stock, we use the Monte Carlo method to sample from this tree, and obtain a smaller, recombing tree easier to work with. Finally, we use this method to compute the price of European Call Options on the SP500 index price in April. We use daily data and our method gives good results that are proximate to the reported bid-ask spread. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary: 90A09; Secondary: 60G35, 65C.
Karyotype differentiation and cytotaxonomic considerations in species of Serrasalmidae (Characiformes) from the Amazon basin

Seis especies de Serrasalmidae da Amazonia central, representantes dos generos Serrasalmus (S. elongatus, S. maculatus, S. cf. rhombeus e S. rhombeus ), Pygocentrus (P. nattereri) e Colossoma (C. macropomum), foram analisadas quanto a distribuicao das Ag-RONs, heterocromatina C-positiva e dos genes de RNAr 18S e 5S nos cromossomos. Todos os especimes apresentaram 2n = 60 cromossomos, exceto S. cf. rhombeus, com 2n = 58, e C. macropomum com 2n = 54 cromossomos. As Ag-RONs foram multiplas e localizadas nos bracos curtos de cromossomos subtelo-acrocentricos em todas as especies de Serrasalmus e em P. nattereri, mas foram encontrados em cromossomos metacentricos em C. macropomum. Os sitios de DNAr 18S, foram geralmente coincidentes com as Ag-RONs, embora algumas especies tenham apresentado um maior numero e/ou uma localizacao distinta desses sitios. A heterocromatina C-positiva foi preferencialmente encontrada como uma conspicua banda proximal no par metacentrico numero 7 em todas as especies de Serrasalmus e numero 3 em P. nattereri. Os sitios de DNAr 5S foram detectados em um unico par cromossomico nas seis especies sendo que nas especies de Serrasalmus, este par foi o de numero 7 e em P. nattereri o de numero 3, colocalizados com bandas heterocromaticas conspicuas. No entanto, em C. macropomum, apenas um homologo (provavelmente pertencente ao par numero 12) apresentou sitios de DNAr 5S nos bracos curtos, proximos ao centromero. Os dados apresentados revelaram confiaveis marcadores citotaxonomicos, permitindo a avaliacao da diferenciacao cariotipica, e as inter-relacoes entre Serrasalmidae, bem como a provavel ocorrencia de um complexo de especies em S. rhombeus.
Psychological needs, self-regulation, and motivation profiles among a sample of Hong Kong Chinese university students: a person-centered approach

Abstract To better understand factors that influence individuals’ motivation to engage in physical activity, this study aimed to identify the motivational profiles among the Chinese university students, compare the motivational profiles between genders, and explore whether satisfaction of various psychological needs vary with different motivational profiles. Two thousand and twenty-two Chinese university students completed a battery of self-report questionnaires assessing motivation regulation and psychological needs satisfaction. Three motivational profiles were identified for both genders. The overall patterns of the motivational profiles for both genders were similar. However, males (44%) were more likely than their female counterparts (19%) in self-determined profile group. Students with self-determined motivation profile, compared to non self-determined motivation profile, had higher values on three types of needs satisfaction. Findings and implication of the study were discussed.
Decomposing a decade's growth of Central and Eastern Europe's trade

After the breakdown of the central planning system, Central and East European countries (CEECs) took considerable effort in liberalising their economies leading to lasting changes in CEEC trade. As a result, between 1996 and 2004 almost all of these countries displayed very high growth rates of both exports and imports, exceeding OECD and Russian performance. These trade developments are described and interpreted in this note on a descriptive rather than an analytical basis. First, trade volumes by goods categories are examined to account for what kind of goods are the major trade growth drivers. In general, growth in exports and imports is mainly driven by goods used in production rather than consumer goods. Specifically for the Central and East European EU members (EU-8), export and import growth is mainly driven by capital goods and two-way trade in a special subgroup of intermediate goods, i.e., parts and accessories of capital goods. This result can be associated with increasing offshoring activities between the old EU member states and the new EU-8 countries. A closer look at EU-8 exports to and imports from Germany confirms this finding: EU-8 states tend to import parts and accessories of capital goods from Germany to produce and export parts and accessories of capital goods or final capital goods to Germany. Second, the effects of liberalisation on the variety versus the intensity of trade are described. Here as well, CEEC growth in trade at the extensive margin is driven by intermediate rather than consumer goods. Considering the import side this finding has important implications: While more consumer goods “only” have static welfare effects, a higher input variety might signal a change of the economy’s state of technology. The author is a graduate student at the Department of Economics, University of Regensburg and a research assistant at the OEI. I am grateful to Richard Frensch for many helpful discussions and guidance on this note.
Clinical techniques to assess the visual and optical performance of intraocular lenses:a review

A number of clinical techniques are available to assess the visual and optical performance of the eye. This report aims to review the advantages and limitations of techniques used in previous studies of patients implanted with intraocular lenses (IOLs), whose designs are ever increasing in optical complexity. Although useful, in-vitro measurements of IOL optical quality cannot account for the wide range of biological variation in ocular anatomy and corneal optics, which will impact on the visual outcome achieved. This further highlights the need for a standardised series of visual performance tests that can be applied to a wide range of IOL designs. The conclusions of this report intend to assistresearchers in developing a comprehensive series of investigations to evaluate IOL performance. Repeatable and reproducible in-vivo assessments of visual and optical performance are desirable to further develop IOL concepts and designs, in the hope of improving current postoperative visual satisfaction.
Finding the Optimal Way of Electricity Production in Pakistan

Present study reveals the impact of electricity production on economic growth in Pakistan. It covers the period of 1975-2010 and assumes a log-linear relationship between the variables. Both the bounds test and Johansen test for cointegration indicate a unique long-run relationship between the variables. However; higher tariff rates, associated with thermal power plants, are eroding the private business investment in short-run. Based on these facts, this study advocates the promotion of hydropower plants that are beneficial for two reasons. First, it would produce clean power in the country. Second, cost of production would also drop resulting in lower tariff rates. Finally; it finds bi-directional causal relationship between the variables in long-run, whereas no causal relationship has been found in short-run.
Early Retirement and Youth Employment in Norway

This paper studies the short term and micro level effects of the number of jobs released through early retirement on labour market outcomes for young potential entrants. Causal estimates of old-young substitution effects in local labour markets are obtained by means of instrumental variable estimation, exploiting a unique administrative data set covering the entire population of Norway and exogenous variation created by the gradual phasing in of an early retirement programme. The resulting short term substitution effects are rather sizable: For every additional early retirement pensioner there is room for one new labour market entrant.
Multithread Affinity Scheduling Using a Decision Maker

In a multiprocessor-multithread Operating System (OS), scheduling has two dimensions. The operating system has to decide which thread to run and which Central Processing Unit (CPU) to run it on. Assume the threads are independent and each thread has a priority, the operating system selects a thread with the highest priority and assigns it to the first free CPU. Usually, each CPU has its private cache. To increase the throughput of the system, it is preferred to use affinity scheduling. The affinity scheduling concept is to make an effort to have a thread run on the same CPU it ran on the last time. The existing affinity scheduling is implemented by using a two-level scheduling algorithm. In this paper a new approach is designed to implement independent multithread scheduling on a multiprocessor system. The design approach uses a decision maker to compute a new priority for each ready thread according to the thread pre-priority and affinity. The results show that by using the new priority, the goal of having affinity is satisfied in addition to taking the pre-priority of the thread in consideration. Also, the design approach reduces the scheduling time because it implements affinity scheduling and priority scheduling by employing a one level scheduling algorithm.
Universality of Power-of-d Load Balancing in Many-Server Systems

We consider a system of $N$ parallel single-server queues with unit exponential service rates and a single dispatcher where tasks arrive as a Poisson process of rate $\lambda(N)$. When a task arrives, the dispatcher assigns it to a server with the shortest queue among $d(N)$ randomly selected servers ($1 \leq d(N) \leq N$). This load balancing strategy is referred to as a JSQ($d(N)$) scheme, marking that it subsumes the celebrated Join-the-Shortest Queue (JSQ) policy as a crucial special case for $d(N) = N$. We construct a stochastic coupling to bound the difference in the queue length processes between the JSQ policy and a scheme with an arbitrary value of $d(N)$. We use the coupling to derive the fluid limit in the regime where $\lambda(N) / N \to \lambda 0$ as $N \to \infty$ with $d(N)/(\sqrt{N} \log (N))\to\infty$ corresponds to that for the JSQ policy. These results indicate that the optimality of the JSQ policy can be preserved at the fluid-level and diffusion-level while reducing the overhead by nearly a factor O($N$) and O($\sqrt{N}/\log(N)$), respectively.
Smart Utilization of Batteries in Grid-Connected PV-Plants

Energy storage is undoubtedly a crucial aspect for the optimal managing of modern active distribution systems. In this paper, a smart utilization of batteries within grid-connected PV-plants is introduced and discussed. Batteries are utilized for maximizing the power generation of a PV-field operating under partial shading conditions, also obtaining the conventional energy storage task. In fact, batteries are proposed to be utilized in a distributed framework together with simple boost-type DC-DC converters; by this way, the power generated by a PV-field can be maximized also in presence of significant mismatches among different PV-modules connected in series, attaining some important advantages with respect to both conventional PV-plants with a centralized energy storage system or to conventional distributed Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) systems with no batteries. Experimental and numerical data are presented, analyzed and discussed.
MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS FOR YIELD AND ITS COMPONENT TRAITS IN MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) UNDER HIGH AND LOW N LEVELS

A study was carried out using 256 full sib progenies of a large random mating population of maize composite Mahidhawal under two environments of fertility viz., (i) high N (E 1 ) and (ii) low N (E 2 ) to identify efficient full sibs under variable N levels. The highest per cent increase in mean values under high N was observed for grain yield plant -1 (9.21%) followed by ASI (6.51%) and stover yield plant -1 (6.22%). This suggested high N level had more effect on expression of these traits. Principal component analysis on 11 traits, seven principal components had eigen values more than one and accounted for 75.32% of the total variation. Nitrogen efficiency index with N responsiveness at high N showed that 70 and 112 full sibs respectively, were the best full sibs for N-deficient soils of this region. Presence of significant and positive phenotypic correlation was observed for grain yield plant-1 with ear length, ear girth, 100-grain weight, number of cobs plant -1 , stover yield plant -1 and harvest index under both N levels except kernel row ear -1 under low N level. The magnitude of phenotypic correlation of grain yield with other traits was numerically higher at low N level than high N level.
Letter of Clarification to the ISOLDE and Neutron Time-of-Flight Committee concerning Letter of Intent : INTC-2015-008 , I-161 Emission Mössbauer Spectroscopy of high energy transition isotopes June 3

The INTC has requested a clarification letter for Letter of Intent: INTC-2015-008, I-161, Emission Mössbauer Spectroscopy of high energy transition isotopes. We are pleased to note that the INTC felt positive towards the proposal, and we are happy to provide clarifications to the points raised by the INTC. It should be emphasized that at this stage with our Letter of Intent, we are asking for shifts to develop the use of specific beams produced at ISOLDE produced isotopes for emission Mössbauer spectroscopy with particular applications in biophysics and solid state physics. Once the feasibility of the requested beams has been demonstrated and documented, and the experimental equipment demonstrated to work, producing data in a reliable and reproducible way we expect that proposals on specific applications will be submitted to the INTC. Requested shifts: 4 shifts, (split into ~4 runs over ~2 years)
Protecting Against Labour Market Risk: Employment Protection or Unemployment Benefits?

We document the presence of a trade-off between unemployment benefits (UB) and employment protection legislation (EPL) in the provision of insurance against labour market risk. The mix of quantity restrictions and price regulations adopted by the various countries would seem to correspond to a stable politico-economic equilibrium. We develop a model in which voters are required to cast a ballot over the strictness of EPL and over the generosity of UB. Agents are heterogeneous along two dimensions: employment status — there are insiders and outsiders — and skills — low and high skills. We show that if there exists a majority of low-skill insiders, the voting game has a politico-economic equilibrium with low UB and high EPL; otherwise, the equilibrium features high UB and low EPL. Another testable implication of the model is that a larger share of elderly workers increases the demand for EPL. Panel data on institutions and on the age and educational structures of the populations are broadly in line with our results. We also find that those favouring EPL over UB in a public opinion poll carried in 2001 in Italy have precisely the same characteristics predicted by our model.
Vibration Criteria Considered from Case Studies of Active Magnetic Bearing Equipped Rotating Machines

The main part of turbo machinery is conventionally supported by oil film lubricated bearings. The rotor vibrations can be suppressed within low levels as to satisfy vibration criteria, e.g., ISO standards for general rotors and API 617 for process compressors. Recently, the sophisticated advantages of the active magnetic bearing (AMB) have been increasing the number of applications to industrial rotors. The AMB vibration control design requires the weak support which induces inevitably large vibration amplitude, though it is normal for AMB itself. Vibration criteria indicated by present standards are thus too strict for AMB equipped rotors. The difference of the bearing dynamic characteristics between the oil film lubricated bearing and the AMB compels us to prepare a new ISO standard which recommends the acceptance of higher vibration levels for AMB operation.
Spatial coherence and Young-Michelson interferometry

Abstract The intensity distribution at the exit of a Young-Michelson interferometer is analysed in Fourier domain. It shows that two numbers are necessary for describing properly the variation of the visibility of the interferogram fringes. One of them is the complex degree of spatial coherence, which describes the correlation between the contributions from the Young's slits. The second number describes the correlation between the Young's interferograms reflected by the mirrors of the Michelson interferometer, that is, the correlation of optical fields that contain another correlation term.
Income Elasticity of Demand and the Transfer Paradox in New Economic Geography Framework

The transfer paradox refers to the phenomenon that an international income transfer decreases the recipient’s regional income, and/or increases the donor’s regional income. This paper presents a new mechanism for the transfer paradox to occur in a general equilibrium framework. Three facts are important in this mechanism. Firstly, the change of the mobile capital rent. Secondly, the existence of an inferior good. Thirdly, the income elasticity of demand is larger than one.
How Should India Reform Its Labour Laws

We examine the current policy debate around the reform of labour laws in India, which has been stimulated in part by the success of the Gujarat model of economic development. Gujarat’s deregulatory reforms have included changes to the legal regime governing employment terminations, which could form a basis for a change in national-level labour laws. Evidence linking labour law deregulation to growth, however, is weak, whether the focus is on India or the experience of other countries. Building labour market institutions is a long-term process which requires investment in state capacity for the management of risks associated with the transition to a formal economy.
Comparison of different Laser-based methods to measure stem diameter.

The Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS), the Laser-camera and the Laser-relascope were used to measure tree diameter at breast height (dbh) in boreal forest conditions. Reference diameters were measured with steel calipers, which are the most common measuring equipments for diameter. The data consisted of 122 trees from six forest sample plots in Nuuksio National Park and the Saunalahti area in southern Finland. The results showed that the TLS and the Laser-camera are about as accurate as traditional means in diameter measurements, where as using Laser-relascope the same accuracy was not obtained. The standard errors for the TLS, Laser-camera and Laser-relascope were 8.3 mm (4.5%), 8.5 mm (4.9%) and 17.5 mm (10.1%), respectively. The bias in the TLS measurements was only 0.5 mm (0.3%) and in the Laser-camera measurements 0.6 mm (0.3%). The Laser-relascope's bias was overall 9.1 mm (5.2%). The TLS and Laser-camera were determined to be accurate methods of measuring dbh. These methods also enable the measurement of other characteristics, such as diameters at multiple heights, which can improve volume or tree quality estimates. These possibilities need further research.