Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Home ranges, movements and spatial relationships in an expanding population of black rhinoceros in the Great Fish River Reserve, South Africa : research article

Over 3000 sightings and fixes of individually identified black rhinoceros ( Diceros bicornis minor ) over a 14-year period provided information on the spatial organization and movements of these introduced animals and their offspring in the Great Fish River Reserve, South Africa. Core home ranges based on 50% adaptive kernel calculations proved useful for depicting spatial associations among individuals and shifts in areas of occupation. The mean home range size (minimum convex polygon) was 11.7 kmlsupg2l/supg and that of core adaptive kernel 6.8 km 2 . Annual and individual variations in home range size were great and social factors clearly affected size. For these and other reasons great caution is recommended in interpretation and inter-population comparisons of home range sizes. Most individuals in this expanding population showed mobility, with home ranges shifting over time. Although clearly exhibiting individual home ranges, most females associated in clusters of three or more individuals. Calves generally moved away from their mothers at the time of her next calving, but some subsequently moved back into their mothers' core home range. In addition to mother-offspring pairs, some females also showed multiple-year associations in these clusters. Male home ranges overlapped, and individuals showed multiple-year associations until they reached approximately nine years of age. Males over age 8 were rarely sighted in the core home range of other similarly aged males.
Content-Based Image Retrieval , Face Annotation , Search Based Face Annotation , Weak Label , Web Facial Images

Face annotation related to face detection and recognition. Automatic Image Tagging seeks to assign relevant words to images that describe the actual content found in the images without intermediate manual labeling. Recently researches interests in labeling with appropriate name in place of wrongly labeled facial images on the internet to resolve research challenge in computer vision and image understanding. This paper provides various techniques or methods that are used to annotating facial images.
Performance Comparison of Canadian Hedge Funds and Mutual Funds

In this paper, I used performance measurement tools and other risk adjusted measures to analyse, evaluate, and compare the performance of Canadian hedge funds and mutual funds. In my analysis I have compared the performance of Canadian hedge funds with Canadian mutual funds having an investment focus in Canadian equity market as well as with various benchmark indices. The aim of this paper is to provide an evaluation of the performance of Canadian Hedge Funds and Mutual Funds. My main findings are; (1) the alphas of Hedge fund are much higher than those of comparable mutual funds. (2) Both Hedge funds as well as Mutual Funds have outperformed benchmarks, (3) during recession or when market is down or stable, hedge funds outperform mutual funds (4) while hedge funds and mutual funds generates almost same returns in bull market.
FLASH UPGRADE AND FIRST RESULTS

The free-electron laser facility FLASH at DESY, Germany finished its very successful 2 nd user period late summer 2009. Recently FLASH has been upgraded. The 3 rd user period starts in September 2010. In many aspects the upgraded FLASH is an FEL with a new quality of performance. It can provide thousands of FEL pulses per second with wavelengths approaching the carbon 1s absorption edge and the water window. The extension of the photon wavelength range is realized by increasing the electron beam energy up to 1.2 GeV by adding a 7 th superconducting accelerating module. The dynamics behavior of the electron beam is improved by installing 3 rd harmonic superconducting RF cavities. In addition, an experiment for seeded FEL radiation, sFLASH, is integrated to the FLASH linac. Recently, FLASH achieved a beam energy above 1.2 GeV and lasing at 4.45 nm with a remarkably improved performance.
J un 2 01 9 Charge noise induced spin dephasing in a nanowire double quantum dot with spin-orbit coupling

Unexpected fluctuating charge field near a semiconductor quantum dot has severely limited the coherence time of the localized spin qubit. It is the interplay between the spin-orbit coupling and the asymmetrical confining potential in a quantum dot, that mediates a longitudinal interaction between the spin qubit and the fluctuating charge field. Here, we study the 1/f charge noise induced spin dephasing in a nanowire double quantum dot via exactly solving its eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. Our calculations demonstrate that the spin dephasing has a nonmonotonic dependence on the asymmetry of the double quantum dot confining potential. With the increase of the potential asymmetry, the spin dephasing first becomes stronger sharply then becomes weaker softly. Also, we find that the applied external magnetic field contributes to the spin dephasing, the dephasing is strongest at the anti-crossing point B0 in the double quantum dot.
A Comparative Static Analysis For Invasive Species Management Under Risk Neutral Preferences

This thesis investigates the optimal ex-ante mix of self-protection and self-insurance technologies employed to reduce the risk of biological invaders in the presence of exogenous variables within the probability and damage functions. This is accomplished by using a theoretical endogenous risk model that extends previously developed frameworks. This thesis contributes to the previous work in two ways. (1) Employing a general framework with simultaneous decision making over self-protection and self-insurance, this thesis analyzes how each parameter including income, the costs of each activity, an exogenous factor that affects only the probability of an invasion, and a separate exogenous factor that affects only the damages influence the level of self-protection and self-insurance. (2) The comparative static results are derived in the benchmark case of risk neutral preferences and qualitatively compared to an extended case of risk averse preferences. The results of the analysis indicate that under risk neutral preferences the signs of the comparative statics are unambiguous while under risk aversion the results are not clearly defined. Thus, the ambiguity of signs in the latter case can be attributed to the unobservable utility terms present under risk averse preferences. Therefore, it can be concluded that the model is not capable of yielding a decision criteria that will hold universally because the results are dependent on the nature of the risk averse curve.
The Strong Confidence: The Process of Computational Dynamic Trust Model for Secure Communication in Multi-Agent Systems

The license for development of mechanisms for information security across a wide range of users in open environment is an important factor in the growing world of Internet problem. In this article the confidence of a dynamic user permission model For calculations is proposed, and rooted in the results of the social sciences. Unlike most existing trusted computational models, and this model distinguish estrusting integrity belief that in the jurisdiction in different contexts, and represents oneself in evaluating and particular trustee different Trusters. Simulation studies to compare the performance model believes the proposed security trustee with other forms of literature for the various patterns of user behavior made. Experiments show that the proposed model achieves higher performance other models, especially in predicting the behavior of users uncomfortable.
Estimation of potential elastic energy during the countermovement phase of a vertical jump based on the force-displacement curve.

PURPOSE One inconvenience in finding experimental evidence for the relationship between potential elastic energy and vertical jump height is the difficulty of estimating the value of the stored potential elastic energy. Therefore, the aim of this study is to present a simple method of estimating the potential elastic energy stored by lowering the center of mass during the countermovement phase of a vertical jump. METHODS The research was conducted on 30 able-bodied male university students (age: 20 years, body height: 183.1 ± 7.9 cm, body mass: 80.3 ± 10.4 kg). Each participant performed 10 single countermovement jumps with arms akimbo to maximal height. Measurements employed a Kistler force plate. The value of potential elastic energy was estimated based on the curve of dependence of the ground reaction force on the vertical displacement of the jumper's center of mass. RESULTS The mean value (±SD) of potential elastic energy collected due to lowering of the center of mass during the countermovement phase of a vertical jump was 183 ± 69 J. 24.3% of this value can be considered the part of the potential elastic energy (44 ± 21 J) that comes from the transformation of kinetic energy. The total change in gravitational potential energy due to lowering the center of mass was 240 ± 58 J. CONCLUSIONS This estimation of potential elastic energy is only general and rough. However, certain estimations of potential elastic energy may offer some insight into the phenomenon relating vertical quasi-stiffness and the ability to store potential elastic energy with vertical jump height.
Abundance and diversity of gut-symbiotic bacteria, the genus Burkholderia in overwintering Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae) populations and soil in South Korea

Riptortus pedestris is a major agricultural pest on leguminous plants in South Korea and Japan. Recent studies have revealed that R. pedestris can form beneficial symbiosis with bacteria belonging to genus Burkholderia acquired from soil newly for every generation. Although their physiological interactions are relatively well-understood, infection rate and abundance of the Burkholderia in overwintering natural populations of R. pedestris remain unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize Burkholderia infection ratio and clade composition of overwintering R. pedestris populations as well as prevalence and diversity of the genus Burkholderia in soil by conducting a two-year field survey. From the field survey, we found 29 overwintering R. pedestris adults in forested areas nearby soybean fields. Diagnostic PCR analysis revealed that overall infection rate of the symbiotic Burkholderia was 93.1% from overwintering adults. Among the Burkholderia-infected R. pedestris, 70.4% of individuals harbored unclassified Burkholderia clades whereas 22.2% and 7.4% of R. pedestris harbor stinkbug-associated beneficial and environmental (SBE) group and Burkholderia cepacia and complex (BCC), respectively. All R. pedestris were infected with a single clade of Burkholderia. In soil, 56.2% of soil samples were Burkholderia positive, and unlike R. pedestris, multiple Burkholderia clades were detected from 62.2% of those samples. Clade composition of the genus Burkholderia in the samples with the bacteria was 91.1%, 60.0%, 31.1% and 8.8% for plant-associated beneficial and environment (PBE), BCC, SBE and unclassified clade, respectively.
ESR1 mutations: a new biomarker in breast cancer

ABSTRACT Introduction: In hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, ESR1 mutations have emerged as a key mechanism of resistance to endocrine therapy. Areas covered: Here, we review currently available data on ESR1 mutations, regarding their functional impact, prevalence at different stages (and according to the material used: tissue-based analysis vs. liquid biopsy), prognostic impact and predictive value of resistance to aromatase inhibitors. Possible strategies to overcome this resistance by using selective estrogen receptor downregulators (such as fulvestrant) are also discussed. Expert opinion: ESR1 mutation detection will probably become a prognostic and predictive biomarker in the future, used in clinical practice for hormone-receptor breast cancer, especially in the metastatic setting. In the future, we should expect to assess ESR1 mutations, using liquid biopsy (by digital-PCR or next-generation sequencing), in the same way as other prognostic or predictive biomarkers, such as EGFR mutations in lung cancer, and possibly even have targeted-therapies against these mutations.
The impact of integrated circuit detector technology in routine MDCT: Improved image quality compared to conventional detector design for constant SSDE

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the image quality and radiation dose of routine CT scans acquired with a third-generation scanner built with integrated circuit detector technology (Stellar®-detector) to those acquired with a conventional solid-state detector (UFC-ultra fast ceramic solid-state detector) equipped with a discrete system using the same protocol setting on the same 128-MDCT scanner. Material and Methods: 262 routine CT examinations of 240 patients (140 male, 100 female) with a mean age of 61.7 years (range: 20-89 years) were reviewed retrospectively. 131 examinations were acquired with a UFC solid-state detector and 131 with the new digital Stellar®-detector (23 CT chest and abdomen, 50 CT chest and 58 CT abdomen). The following parameters were recorded: BMI, scan length, kVp, CT dose index (CTDI vol ) and dose-length-product (DLP). CTDI vol multiplied with a conversion factor depending on the patient size determined the size-specific dose estimates (SSDE). The image noise was defined as standard deviation of mean attenuation values in Hounsfield units and was quantitatively assessed by circular region of interest at predefined size of 31.4 mm 2 (20 mm diameter) manually placed in the center of the left liver lobe. Iterative reconstruction (SAFIRE, level 3) was used. Results: Changing the detector unit from a UFC solid-state detector with distributed electronics (conventional) to a fully-digital Stellar® detector leads to a significant decrease of image noise by 7.5% in the liver (mean ± SD: 25.5 ± 5.4 HU vs. 23.6 ± 5.8 HU; p=0 .0019) for all CT scans included in this study. In the subgroup CT chest ( n =100) the average noise reduction was 6% (mean ± SD: 28.2 ± 5.7 HU vs. 26.5 ± 7.1 HU; p=0 .038) and 6,4% for the subgroup CT abdomen ( n =116) (mean ± SD: 23.2 ± 3.7 HU vs. 21.9 ± 3.7 HU; p=0 .022). kVp, mAs and total scan length were the strongest predictors for effective dose (ED, p <0.0001) whereas SSDE shows a strong positive correlation with kV, mAs and effective diameter ( p <0.0001). The liver noise correlates negatively with both ED as well as SSDE ( p =0.0002 and p <0.0001, respectively). Conclusion: For the same applied radiation level the implementation of an integrated circuit digital detector reduces image noise compared to detectors having distributed electronics. Using a detector with integrated circuit detector technology provides great potential to reduce radiation dose. Further measures such as changing the CT-image noise level must be performed to achieve dose reduction.
Hospital Technical Efficiency Measurement Through of a Stochastic Frontier Cost Panel

This article aims to evaluate the relative technical efficiency of the three clinics belonging to the University Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Catarina, RS, Brazil, in a two years period. The specification of the econometric model includes the analysis of productive sectors from the same institution in different periods of time. A stochastic frontier cost CD function using the composed error model was estimated by maximum likelihood (MLE) for a monthly data panel. The efficiency measures were computed using the formula adapted to the costs, based on parameters estimated by MLE. The results are encouraging and intriguing, especially regarding the inclusion of new variables, the expansion of the sample and the real utility of the efficiency ratios in the effective management task of productive resources within a single firm.
Triggered RNAi therapy using metal inorganic nanovectors.

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is as a very interesting therapeutic alternative to treat genetic diseases such Alzheimer´s or some types of cancer, but its effective delivery still remains a challenge. Herein, Au nanorods (GNRs)-based platforms functionalised with polyelectrolyte (PE) layers were developed and analysed as potential siRNA nanocarriers. The polymeric layers were successfully assembled on the particle surfaces by means of the layer-by-layer (LbL) technique through the alternating deposition of oppositely charged poly(styrene) sulfonate, PSS, poly(lysine), PLL, and siRNA biopolymers, with a final hyaluronic acid (HA) layer in order to provide the nanoconstructs with a potential targeting ability as well as colloidal stability in physiological medium. Once the hybrid nanocarriers were obtained, their release, colloidal stability, cytotoxicity, cellular uptake and gene silencing potential were studied. In this regard, these hybrid particles release the genetic material inside cells by means of a protease-assisted and/or a light-triggered release mechanism in order to control the delivery of the oligonucleotides on demand. In addition, the hybrid nanovectors were observed to be non-toxic to cells and could efficiently deliver the genetic material in the cell cytoplasms. The GNR-based nanocarriers here proposed can provide a suitable environment to load and protect sufficient amount of the genetic material to allow an efficient and sustained knockdown gene expression for a prolonged period of time (up to 93% for 72 h) thanks to the slow degradation of PLL, and without the observation of adverse side toxic effects. It was also found that the knockdown activity correlated with the number of siRNA layers assembled in the nanoplatforms.
Histochemical and Ultrastructural Study of Developing Gonial Bone With Reference to Initial Ossification of the Malleus and Reduction of Meckel's Cartilage in Mice

Development of mouse gonial bone and initial ossification process of malleus were investigated. Before the formation of the gonial bone, the osteogenic area expressing alkaline phosphatase and Runx2 mRNA was widely recognized inferior to Meckel's cartilage. The gonial bone was first formed within the perichondrium at E16.0 via intramembranous ossification, surrounded the lower part of Meckel's cartilage, and then continued to extend anteriorly and medially until postnatal day (P) 3.0. At P0, multinucleated chondroclasts started to resorb the mineralized cartilage matrix with ruffled borders at the initial ossification site of the malleus (most posterior part of Meckel's cartilage). Almost all CD31‐positive capillaries did not run through the gonial bone but entered the cartilage through the site where the gonial bone was not attached, indicating the forms of the initial ossification site of the malleus are similar to those at the secondary ossification center rather than the primary ossification center in the long bone. Then, the reducing process of the posterior part of Meckel's cartilage with extending gonial bone was investigated. Numerous tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase‐positive mononuclear cells invaded the reducing Meckel's cartilage, and the continuity between the malleus and Meckel's cartilage was completely lost by P3.5. Both the cartilage matrix and the perichondrium were degraded, and they seemed to be incorporated into the periosteum of the gonial bone. The tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini muscles were attached to the ligament extending from the gonial bone. These findings indicated that the gonial bone has multiple functions and plays important roles in cranial formation. Anat Rec, 302:1916–1933, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Lab-on-Chip Microfluidics System for Single Cell Mass Measurement: A Comprehensive Review

Single cell mass (SCM) is one of the intrinsic properties of cell and is a vital part of single cell analysis (SCA). To date, a myriad numbers of works has been successfully reported for single cell mass measurement but the reported information are scattered, consequently a comprehensive review becomes mandatory to bring them together. Lab-on-chip microfluidics system integrated with micro-resonator provided an excellent platform to measure single cell mass directly (in presence of cells). On-chip microfluidics system like suspended micro channel resonator ( SMR ) was reported for non-adherent single yeast cell mass while ‘living cantilever arrays’ ( LCA ) was proposed to measure adherent HeLa cell mass. On the other hand, cantilever based resonant mass measurement system ha s non-uniform mass sensitivity; this issue has been overcome by pedestal mass measurement system (PMMS). PMMS has a unique geometrical structure that provide d uniform mass sensitivity to the sensing surface . Moreover, we presented a comprehensive discussion of each of the available methods of SCM elaborating the sensing mechanism, geometry of the sensor and governing equations. It is hoped that, information presented in this comprehensive review paper will be a valuable source for the single cell mass analysers and biological researchers.
Biologics in Acute Burn Injury.

There have been significant advances in the care of burns over the past decade. As a result of the improved survival of burn patients, attention has shifted to the optimized management of their wounds. Traditionally, autografts have been described as the gold standard treatment in cases of deep second- and third-degree burn wounds; however, they are limited especially in large surface area burns. As such, advancements have been made in the development of biologic dressings, which attempt to mimic the function of the lost epidermis and/or dermis. The ideal biologic dressing is nontoxic, lacks antigenicity, is immunologically compatible, and is sterile. Additionally, easy storage conditions, long shelf lives, and reasonable costs are key determinants of whether biologic dressings may truly be widely used in the clinical setting. Biologic dressings serve an important role as skin substitutes in the setting of acute burn injury. This review aims to summarize the multitude of available biologic dressings and their applications. METHODS: The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched for the following terms either alone or in combination: "burn injury," "biologic membrane," "skin substitutes," "biosynthetic dressings," and "acellular membrane. "
Adaptive uniform polar quantization

A simple and complete analysis for an optimal uniform polar quantizer with respect to mean-square error (MSE) as efficient quantization technique for any number of points N (Fixed-Rate) is given. Conditions for the optimality of the polar quantizer and all main equations for phase partitions and optimal number of levels are presented. Improved performance over product polar quantization and scalar uniform quantization proposed in the literature is afforded by allowing a variable number of phases at each magnitude level.