Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Smart Grid and Smart Homes: Key Players and Pilot Projects

The smart grid (SG) is envisioned as providing a communications network for the energy industry, similar to that which the Internet now provides for business and personal communications. The SG offers new business opportunities for different kind of industries, such as smart-meter vendors, electric utilities, and telecom operators from all around the world. This article deals with issues related to smart homes (SHs) and smart metering, which are key elements in the new SG. It introduces the key players in this field and points out the research challenges. Finally, SG pilot projects and field tests from all around the world and the deployment of advance metering infrastructure projects in North America, Asia, and Europe are summarized.
Trading rules on stock markets using genetic network programming with subroutines

The purpose of this paper is to enhance the performance of Genetic Network Programming (GNP) to be used for creating trading rules on stocks, where a new method named GNP with Subroutines has been proposed. Compared to the conversional GNP, a new kind of node named subroutines node is added, which can call subprograms (subroutines) from GNP main programs. This reusable subroutines, which has judgment nodes and processing nodes working like small scale GNP, can evolve concurrently during the evolution of main GNP. In the simulations, the stock prices of different brands from 2001 to 2004 are used to test the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The RtcB RNA ligase is an essential component of the metazoan unfolded protein response

RNA ligation can regulate RNA function by altering RNA sequence, structure and coding potential. For example, the function of XBP1 in mediating the unfolded protein response requires RNA ligation, as does the maturation of some tRNAs. Here, we describe a novel in vivo model in Caenorhabditis elegans for the conserved RNA ligase RtcB and show that RtcB ligates the xbp‐1 mRNA during the IRE‐1 branch of the unfolded protein response. Without RtcB, protein stress results in the accumulation of unligated xbp‐1 mRNA fragments, defects in the unfolded protein response, and decreased lifespan. RtcB also ligates endogenous pre‐tRNA halves, and RtcB mutants have defects in growth and lifespan that can be bypassed by expression of pre‐spliced tRNAs. In addition, animals that lack RtcB have defects that are independent of tRNA maturation and the unfolded protein response. Thus, RNA ligation by RtcB is required for the function of multiple endogenous target RNAs including both xbp‐1 and tRNAs. RtcB is uniquely capable of performing these ligation functions, and RNA ligation by RtcB mediates multiple essential processes in vivo.
Genetic, anatomic, and clinical determinants of human serum sterol and vitamin D levels

Significance Cholesterol is the major sterol in blood and in excess causes cardiovascular disease. In addition to cholesterol, numerous other sterols of unknown function and pathogenicity circulate in the bloodstream. Here, we use chemical methods to screen for over 60 different sterols and sterol derivatives in the sera of 3,230 clinically well-characterized individuals. Twenty-seven sterols and two sterol derivatives (vitamin D2 and D3) were routinely detected in vastly different amounts in a majority of individuals. Genes, ethnicity, gender, age, clinical phenotype, and anatomy were identified as significant sources of interindividual variation in these lipid metabolites. An unknown fraction of the genome participates in the metabolism of sterols and vitamin D, two classes of lipids with diverse physiological and pathophysiological roles. Here, we used mass spectrometry to measure the abundance of >60 sterol and vitamin D derivatives in 3,230 serum samples from a well-phenotyped patient population. Twenty-nine of these lipids were detected in a majority of samples at levels that varied over thousands of fold in different individuals. Pairwise correlations between sterol and vitamin D levels revealed evidence for shared metabolic pathways, additional substrates for known enzymes, and transcriptional regulatory networks. Serum levels of multiple sterols and vitamin D metabolites varied significantly by sex, ethnicity, and age. A genome-wide association study identified 16 loci that were associated with levels of 19 sterols and 25-hydroxylated derivatives of vitamin D (P < 10−7). Resequencing, expression analysis, and biochemical experiments focused on one such locus (CYP39A1), revealed multiple loss-of-function alleles with additive effects on serum levels of the oxysterol, 24S-hydroxycholesterol, a substrate of the encoded enzyme. Body mass index, serum lipid levels, and hematocrit were strong phenotypic correlates of interindividual variation in multiple sterols and vitamin D metabolites. We conclude that correlating population-based analytical measurements with genotype and phenotype provides productive insight into human intermediary metabolism.
A Note on Vertex Transitivity in Isomorphic Graphs

In the graph theory, two graphs are said to be isomorphic if there is a one-one, onto mapping defined between their set of vertices so as to preserving the adjacency between vertices. An isomorphism defined on a vertex set of a graph to itself is called automorphism of the given graph. Two vertices in a graph are said to be similar if there is an automorphism defined on its vertex set mapping one vertex to the other. In this paper, it has been discussed that every such automorphism defines an equivalence relation on the set of vertices and the number of equivalence classes is same as the number of rotations that the automorphism makes on the vertex set. The set of all automorphisms of a graph is a permutation group under the composition of permutations. This group is called automorphism group of the graph. A graph is said to be vertex transitive if its automorphism group acts transitively on its vertex set. The path degree sequence of a vertex in a graph is the list of lengths of paths having this particular vertex as initial vertex. The ordered set of all such sequences is called path degree sequence of the graph. It is conjectured that two graphs are isomorphic iff they have same path degree sequence. In this paper, it has been discussed that this conjecture holds good when both the graphs are vertex transitive. The notion of functional graph has been introduced in this paper. The functional graph of any two isomorphic graphs is a graph in which the vertex set is the union of vertex sets of isomorphic graphs and two vertices are connected by an edge iff they are connected in any one of the graph when they belong to the same graph or one vertex is the image of the other under the given isomorphism when they are in different set of vertices. It has been proved that the functional graphs obtained from two isomorphic complete bipartite graphs are vertex transitive. Keywords : graph automorphism ; functional graph ; vertex transitive graph ; path degree sequence.
Infanticide and expulsion of females in a cooperative mammal

In cooperative groups of suricates (Suricata suricatta), helpers of both sexes assist breeding adults in defending and feeding pups, and survival rises in larger groups. Despite this, dominant breeding females expel subordinate females from the group in the latter half of their (own) pregnancy, apparently because adult females sometimes kill their pups. Some of the females that have been expelled are allowed to rejoin the group soon after the dominant female's pups are born and subsequently assist in rearing the pups. Female helpers initially resist expulsion and repeatedly attempt to return to their natal group, indicating that it is unlikely that dominant females need to grant them reproductive concessions to retain them in the group.
Diet quality in young adults and its association with food-related behaviours

Abstract Objective To determine the diet quality of a group of young adults and explore its associations with two food-related behaviours (involvement in meal preparation and consumption of commercially prepared meals). Design Cross-sectional study of young adults. Sample characteristics, food-related behaviours and dietary intake were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire including an FFQ. Diet quality was measured using the fifteen-item Dietary Guideline Index (DGI) designed to assess adherence to Australian dietary guidelines. One-way ANOVA, t tests and multiple linear regression analyses were used to explore the relationships between DGI scores, sample characteristics and food-related behaviours. Setting University students enrolled in an undergraduate nutrition class, Melbourne, Australia. Subjects Students (n 309) aged 18–36 years. Results The DGI score was normally distributed, with a mean score of 93·4 (sd 17·1) points (range 51·9–127·4 points), out of a possible score of 150 points. In multivariate analyses adjusted for age, sex, nationality, BMI and maternal education, cooking meals for oneself was positively associated with DGI score (β = 0·15; 95 % CI 1·15, 10·03; P = 0·01); frequency of takeaway and frequency of convenience meal consumption were inversely associated with DGI score (β = −0·21; 95 % CI −9·96, −2·32; P = 0·002 and β = −0·16; 95 % CI −7·40, −0·97; P < 0·01, respectively). Conclusions Cooking meals for oneself was linked to higher diet quality among young adults, while consumption of commercially prepared meals was associated with poorer diet quality. Maintaining education programmes that promote cooking skills within young adults has the potential to improve DGI scores.
GHox-7: a chicken homeobox-containing gene expressed in a fashion consistent with a role in patterning events during embryonic chick limb development.

Homeobox-containing (HOX) genes are thought to be involved in the regulation of pattern formation and specification of positional information during vertebrate limb development. We report the isolation from a chick limb bud cDNA library of several overlapping chicken HOX cDNAs, which on the basis of their nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences have been identified as corresponding to the chicken cognate of mouse Hox-7.1. The gene encoding these chicken (Gallus) HOX cDNAs has been designated GHox-7, and is a member of a family of vertebrate HOX genes that are highly similar in sequence to the Drosophila msh gene. GHox-7 encodes an mRNA transcripts of about 1.8-2.0 kb that is expressed at early stages of chick limb development. In situ hybridization analysis has revealed that GHox-7 is expressed in limb bud mesoderm in a temporal and spatial fashion. This is consistent with its involvement in specifying anterior positional identity and/or in the response of limb mesenchymal cells to the apical ectodermal ridge (AER), which directs polarized proximodistal limb outgrowth. At early stages (stages 20-21) of chick limb development when positional values along the anterior-posterior (A-P) axis are being specified, GHox-7 exhibits an asymmetric arc of expression extending from the anterior border of the limb bud to the mesenchymal cells directly subjacent to the AER. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Limits on the production of the standard model Higgs boson in pp collisions at √ s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for the Standard Model Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) running at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is reported, based on a total integrated luminosity of up to 40 pb − 1 collected by the ATLAS detector in 2010. Several Higgs boson decay channels: H → γ γ , H → ZZ ( ∗ ) → (cid:4)(cid:4)(cid:4)(cid:4) , H → ZZ → (cid:4)(cid:4)νν , H → ZZ → (cid:4)(cid:4)qq , H → WW ( ∗ ) → (cid:4)ν(cid:4)ν and H → WW → (cid:4)νqq ( (cid:4) is e, μ ) are combined in a mass range from 110 GeV to 600 GeV. The highest sensitivity is achieved in the mass range between 160 GeV and 170 GeV, where the expected 95% CL exclusion sensitivity is at Higgs boson production cross sections 2.3 times the Standard Model prediction. Upper limits on the cross section for its production are determined. Models with a fourth generation of heavy leptons and quarks with Standard Model-like couplings to the Higgs boson are also investigated and are excluded at 95% CL for a Higgs boson mass in the range from 140 GeV to 185 GeV.
Patient profiling: an application of random coefficient regression models to depicting the response of a patient to outpatient psychotherapy.

Adaptive treatment planning is a dynamic process that is dependent on valid, systematic assessments. The dosage and phase models provide theoretical bases for the development of such "patient-focused" information. Given an underlying mathematical regularity to the recovery process, growth modeling techniques can be used to determine an expected treatment response for every patient. By mapping the patient's actual status against such an expected change trajectory, it is possible to address the most clinically relevant question, "Is this treatment working? "
An arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus significantly modifies the soil bacterial community and nitrogen cycling during litter decomposition.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) perform an important ecosystem service by improving plant nutrient capture from soil, yet little is known about how AMF influence soil microbial communities during nutrient uptake. We tested whether an AMF modifies the soil microbial community and nitrogen cycling during litter decomposition. A two-chamber microcosm system was employed to create a root-free soil environment to control AMF access to (13) C- and (15) N-labelled root litter. Using a 16S rRNA gene microarray, we documented that approximately 10% of the bacterial community responded to the AMF, Glomus hoi. Taxa from the Firmicutes responded positively to AMF, while taxa from the Actinobacteria and Comamonadaceae responded negatively to AMF. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that AMF may influence bacterial community assembly processes. Using nanometre-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) we visualized the location of AMF-transported (13) C and (15) N in plant roots. Bulk isotope ratio mass spectrometry revealed that the AMF exported 4.9% of the litter (15) N to the host plant (Plantago lanceolata L.), and litter-derived (15) N was preferentially exported relative to litter-derived (13) C. Our results suggest that the AMF primarily took up N in the inorganic form, and N export is one mechanism by which AMF could modify the soil microbial community and decomposition processes.
Lithium in the prevention of suicidal behavior and all-cause mortality in patients with mood disorders: a systematic review of randomized trials.

OBJECTIVE Observational studies suggest that long-term lithium treatment has a strong antisuicidal effect in mood disorders, but it is uncertain whether this association is a genuine therapeutic effect or is due to confounding factors in nonrandomized studies. The authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials to investigate the effect of lithium, compared to placebo and other active treatments, on the risk of suicide, deliberate self-harm, and all-cause mortality in patients with mood disorder. METHOD The data source was the Cochrane Collaboration Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Controlled Trials Register, incorporating results of searches of MEDLINE (1966-June 2002), EMBASE (1980-June 2002), CINAHL (1982-March 2001), PsycLIT (1974-June 2002), PSYNDEX (1977-October 1999), and LILACS (1982-March 2001). The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) was searched with the term "lithium" for new records entered into the database from 1999 to 2003. Studies selected included randomized, controlled trials comparing lithium with placebo or all other compounds used in long-term treatment for mood disorders (unipolar depression, bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, dysthymia, and rapid cycling, diagnosed according to DSM or ICD criteria). Of 727 references identified in the search, 52 articles were marked as possibly relevant on the basis of the abstract, and 32 randomized, controlled trials were eligible for inclusion in the review. Two independent reviewers extracted the data, and disagreements were resolved by consensus with a third reviewer. Methodological quality was assessed according to the criteria of the Cochrane Collaboration. When the outcomes of interest were not reported, an attempt was made to obtain the required data from the original authors. RESULTS In 32 trials, 1,389 patients were randomly assigned to receive lithium and 2,069 to receive other compounds. Patients who received lithium were less likely to die by suicide (data from seven trials; two versus 11 suicides; odds ratio=0.26; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.09-0.77). The composite measure of suicide plus deliberate self-harm was also lower in patients who received lithium (odds ratio=0.21; 95% CI=0.08-0.50). There were fewer deaths overall in patients who received lithium (data from 11 trials; nine versus 22 deaths; odds ratio=0.42, 95% CI=0.21-0.87). CONCLUSIONS Lithium is effective in the prevention of suicide, deliberate self-harm, and death from all causes in patients with mood disorders.
Investigation of the GTP-binding/GTPase cycle of Cdc42Hs using fluorescence spectroscopy.

We have developed several high-resolution assays for the nucleotide state of a rho-subfamily low molecular weight GTP-binding protein, Cdc42Hs. The first involves the use of the fluorescent N-methylanthraniloyl derivative of GDP (mant-GDP). As has been shown for the ras protein, mant-dGDP fluorescence is significantly enhanced (approximately 20%) upon binding to Cdc42Hs. It was further found that the binding of mant-nucleotides results in an efficient energy transfer between the single tryptophan residue of Cdc42Hs and the mant moiety. The exchange of mant-dGDP for GDP bound to Cdc42Hs, as read-out either by the enhancement of the mant fluorescence or by energy transfer, is inhibited by physiological (mM) Mg2+ concentrations and correlates exactly to the rate of [3H]GDP exchange observed in filter-binding assays. Moreover, changes in the fluorescence of mant-dGDP are also sensitive to nucleotide dissociation induced by the dbl-oncogene product, a known nucleotide exchange factor for Cdc42Hs. A second fluorescence read-out for the nucleotide-bound state of Cdc42Hs involves the measurements of intrinsic fluorescence of a single tryptophan residue (W97) which is highly sensitive to whether GDP or GTP is bound in the nucleotide pocket. The hydrolysis of GTP to GDP by Cdc42Hs results in an approximately 30% enhancement of the protein fluorescence. The rate of this fluorescence change corresponds well to the rate of conversion of [gamma-32P]GTP to GDP plus [32P]Pi as measured by filter-binding assays. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
High viral burden and rapid CD4+ cell depletion in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected SCID-hu mice suggest direct viral killing of thymocytes in vivo

The mechanism of CD4+ cell loss in lymphoid organs is unknown. In this study, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of human fetal thymus/liver implants in severe combined immunodeficient mice was used to investigate the mechanism of HIV-induced depletion of CD4-bearing cells in vivo. The implants were assessed for depletion of CD4+ thymocytes, apoptosis, and viral burden. We detected two phases of CD4 cell depletion, an initial rapid phase and a more gradual later phase. Compared to mock-infected implants, HIV-infected implants did not demonstrate detectable increases in the levels of apoptosis while severe depletion of CD4-bearing cells was ongoing. During peak loss of CD4+ cells, high viral burden was observed, suggesting that loss of CD4+ cells in this in vivo system is due to direct killing of infected thymocytes. Increased levels of apoptosis were observed during the later phase of thymocyte depletion; however, these apoptotic cells lacked CD4. This finding suggests that a second indirect mechanism may be responsible for the destruction of CD4- CD8+ thymocytes in vivo. Taken together, these results suggest that CD4+ and CD4- cells may die by different mechanism(s).
EVALUACIÓN DE LA PESQUERÍA DEL ROBALO BLANCO Centropomus undecimalis (PERCIFORMES: CENTROPOMIDAE), TABASCO, MÉXICO

El robalo blanco (Centropomus undecimalis) es una especie demersal con caracteristica protandrica hermafrodita y habitos diadromicos. Se distribuye desde el norte de Florida E.U.A. , hasta el sur de Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; en el Golfo de Mexico, es abundante en los estados de Tamaulipas, Veracruz y Tabasco. En su area de distribucion, el robalo blanco presenta alta importancia comercial y deportiva, esto debido a sus caracteristicas alimenticias, abundancia, alto valor en el mercado local y regional, asi como a la facilidad de obtenerlo por parte de las comunidades pesqueras. En los ultimos diez anos, el incremento de la demanda en el consumo regional y nacional, asi como la modificacion de sus habitats, ha causado que sus niveles de explotacion sean altos en el Golfo de Mexico, reduciendo las tallas de captura y la captura por unidad de esfuerzo.
Fecal microbiota transplant from a rational stool donor improves hepatic encephalopathy: A randomized clinical trial

Recurrent hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a leading cause of readmission despite standard of care (SOC) associated with microbial dysbiosis. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) may improve dysbiosis; however, it has not been studied in HE. We aimed to define whether FMT using a rationally derived stool donor is safe in recurrent HE compared to SOC alone. An open‐label, randomized clinical trial with a 5‐month follow‐up in outpatient men with cirrhosis with recurrent HE on SOC was conducted with 1:1 randomization. FMT‐randomized patients received 5 days of broad‐spectrum antibiotic pretreatment, then a single FMT enema from the same donor with the optimal microbiota deficient in HE. Follow‐up occurred on days 5, 6, 12, 35, and 150 postrandomization. The primary outcome was safety of FMT compared to SOC using FMT‐related serious adverse events (SAEs). Secondary outcomes were adverse events, cognition, microbiota, and metabolomic changes. Participants in both arms were similar on all baseline criteria and were followed until study end. FMT with antibiotic pretreatment was well tolerated. Eight (80%) SOC participants had a total of 11 SAEs compared to 2 (20%) FMT participants with SAEs (both FMT unrelated; P = 0.02). Five SOC and no FMT participants developed further HE (P = 0.03). Cognition improved in the FMT, but not the SOC, group. Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score transiently worsened postantibiotics, but reverted to baseline post‐FMT. Postantibiotics, beneficial taxa, and microbial diversity reduction occurred with Proteobacteria expansion. However, FMT increased diversity and beneficial taxa. SOC microbiota and MELD score remained similar throughout. Conclusion: FMT from a rationally selected donor reduced hospitalizations, improved cognition, and dysbiosis in cirrhosis with recurrent HE. (Hepatology 2017;66:1727–1738)
A Longitudinal Study of Tooth Erosion in Adolescents

Incidence studies on tooth erosion among adolescents are scarce. This longitudinal study aimed at estimating the prevalence, incidence, progression, and distribution of erosion in young adolescents over a 1.5-year period. Erosion at baseline was present in 32.2% of the 622 children (mean age, 11.9 ± 0.9 yrs) and increased to 42.8% over 1.5 yrs. The prevalence of deep enamel or dentin erosion increased from 1.8% to 13.3%. It was hypothesized that more boys will suffer from erosion than girls. At baseline, no difference was found (p = 0.139), whereas 1.5 yrs later, more boys showed erosion than girls (p = 0.026). Of the erosion-free children, 24.2% developed erosion. Progression of erosion in terms of lesion depth and/or in number of lesions was 61.0% and was found more frequently in boys than in girls (p = 0.034). The distribution of erosion showed a predominance of occlusal surfaces of molars, especially the mesiobuccal cusp top, and palatal surfaces of upper anterior teeth.