Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The IN/ON Continuum and Three Japanese Verbs

One of the basic facts of living in a three-dimensional world is that entities exist in some location, and humans often find it useful to talk about the location of these entities. This fixing of a location in space necessarily involves considering the relation between two or more entities. The location of anything would be impossible to describe without referring to some second entity. Even when we merely say that something is ‘here’, the location of the object is encoded as being near another entity (in this case, the speaker.) However, there is great crosslinguistic variability in which relations are treated as relevant or imporant in different languages. Different languages refer to different types or categories of spatial relations in their morpholexical resources (such as prepositions, as in English, or relator nouns, as in Mandarin, or case endings, as in Finnish). What's more, some languages appear to be representing completely different types of information in their terms for spatial relations. For example, it is difficult to compare English in and on, which are based on concepts such as containment and support, with Korean terms covering similar spatial relationships, which fundamentally refer to loose and tight fit (Bowerman and Choi 2001, Choi and Bowerman 1991), and neither of these seems comparable
Teacher’s Attitude and Use of Instructional Resources in Early Childhood Education and Development Centres in Bungoma County, Kenya

This paper reports finding of a study that sought to establish the attitude of teachers and its influence on the selection and use of instructional resources in ECDE centres in Bungoma County, Kenya. The research was based on Piaget’s theory of cognitive development 1964. The study adopted the descriptive survey design and involved use of purposive, stratified and simple random sampling techniques to select a sample size of 81 respondents from the target population of educational officers, head teachers and teachers of the selected ECDE centers. Data was collected using questionnaire, observation and interview schedules. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics including frequencies and percentages and the chi-square which was used to determine the relationship between the variables. The findings of the study showed that there are challenges related to attitude and resource utilization in the teaching and learning in early childhood education. These challenges are associated with the attitude towards the use of instructional resources, instruction methods and ECDE instruction. The study is envisaged to provide useful information for the education policy makers to produce relevant learning resources for the ECDE teachers. Keywords : Teacher attitude, Early childhood, instructional resources
Evaluation of traits of resistance to postharvest insect pests in tropical maize

The maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) is among the most grain damaging insect in sub-saharan Africa. The objective of the study was to determine differences in traits associated with resistance to the maize weevil in the field and in storage. Two hundred and ninenty five (295) maize genotypes comprising of 120 inbred lines, 100 hybrids and open pollinated varieties (OPVs), and 75 landraces including resistant and susceptible checks were used in the study. The test materials were planted in two rows of 5 m replicated three times in alpha lattice designs. Husk tip length (cm) was measured in 10 plants of each row. Grain texture was rated visually and mechanical hardness of grain samples determined using a force displacement meter. Grain samples of 100 grams were taken from each plot of the three replications of each of the experiments and tested in the screening laboratory for resistance to maize weevil. Analysis of variance for the individual traits, correlation analysis and weight loss (%) was performed. High phenotypic variation in traits associated with postharvest resistance was evident. Grain hardness was high in the resistant compared to the susceptible genotypes. Genotypes with flint grain texture had longer tip length. The resistant hybrids and inbred lines were flinty in texture whereas the susceptible were dent. There was a positive relationship (r=0.77) between grain texture and husk cover. The study showed that mechanisms of resistance vary among genotypes hence resistance should not be based on a single trait
Bacterial Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of External Ocular Infections in Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia

Bacteria are the major etiologic agents causing external ocular infections. Resistance of ocular bacteria to antimicrobial agents is a worldwide concern. In this study we sought to determine the bacterial profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of external ocular infections patients attending Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study design was employed from January 2012 to June 2012 from which a total of 198 patients with external ocular infections were included in the study. The samples thus collected were transported and are microbiologically processed using standard operating procedure (SOP) under standard laboratory conditions. The data acquired was analysed by computer for statistical analysis using SPSS version 16 for Windows. A total of 198 ocular samples were collected for microbiological evaluation, of which 148 (74.7%) had bacterial growth. The gram-positive cocci comprised 52.0% and the predominant isolate was S. aureus (28.4%). Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 48.0% and the predominant isolate was P. aeruginosa (20.9%). Majority of gram-positive cocci were susceptible to ciprofloxacin (71; 92.2%) and vancomycin (70; 90.9%) and gram-negative isolates to amikacin (67; 94.4%) and ciprofloxacin (57; 91.5%). These findings indicated that gram-positive cocci were the most common bacteria isolated from external ocular infections and were more susceptible to ciprofloxacin and vancomycin, whereas gram-negative isolates were more susceptible to amikacin and ciprofloxacin.
Patent-Based Estimation Procedure of Private R&D: The Case of Climate Change and Mitigation Technologies in Europe

Information on R&D expenditure of the private sector is very limited, both in term of availability and data quality, especially when interest focuses on Climate Change Mitigation Technologies (CCMTs). This has an impact on the robustness of quantitative analyses, and, consequently, on the insights deriving from them. This paper proposes a methodology to estimate R&D expenditure in firms simultaneously active in multiple technology sectors, with the focus on those contributing to the development of CCMTs. The methodological approach is applied to measure how the private sector invests in R&D dedicated to CCMTs, and how this differentiates among European countries. Further the paper proposes metrics to analyse the geographical distribution of the R&D expenditures in Multinational Corporations (MNCs) across subsidiaries located in Europe. Early findings are formulated into useful insights for stakeholders and policy makers.
An Approach for Information Hiding Using Inverse Z-Transform and Genetic Algorithm

Abstract - Steganography is an art that involves communication of secret data in an appropriate carrier, e.g., image, audio, video or TCP/IP header file. Steganography’s goal is to hide the very existence of embedded data so as not to arouse an eavesdropper’s suspicion. For hiding secret data in digital images, large varieties of steganographic techniques are available, some are more complex than others, and all of them have their respective pros and cons. Steganography has various useful applications and the technique employed depends on the requirements of the application to be designed for. This paper intends the encryption of secret message and hiding the data in cover image. Also inverse Z-transform is used to modify the pixel location and then genetic algorithm is used to have more secure message. Keywords: Steganography, cryptography, Genetic Algorithm, Inverse Z-transform.
Simple model for post seismic ionospheric disturbances above an earthquake epicentre and along connecting magnetic field lines

The detection of ionospheric disturbances associated with seismic activity is one of the main objectives of the DEMETER micro-satellite. Its scientific payload provides a comprehensive set of electron and ion measurements. The present work describes a simple model of post-seismic disturbances in the ionosphere above the epicentre. Following a major seism, the neutral atmosphere is assumed to be subject to an acoustic pulse propagating upward, to high altitudes. By coupling this perturbation to the two-dimensional ionospheric model SAMI2 it is then possible to calculate the variations in a number of plasma parameters in the plume region and along connecting magnetic field lines, for an event of representative magnitude. The feasibility of identifying the signature of seismic events from satellite observations is then assessed in view of representative DEMETER measurements and of their natural variability.
Repair of bone defect using bioglass-chitosan as a pharmaceutical drug: An experimental study in an ovariectomised rat model

Bone loss associated with skeletal trauma or metabolic diseases often require bone grafting. The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of bioactive glass-chitosan composite (BG-CH) produced by a freeze-drying process. BG containing 17% wt% CH was implanted in the femoral condyl of an ovariectomised rat. The resected bone was prepared for analysis using several physico-chemical techniques such as fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). After 2 weeks, the implanted sample gave a spectrum in which two pronounced absorption bands with the maxima at 932 and 1036 cm-1 arising from (Si-O-Si) groups disappeared 15 days after surgery. These bands were replaced 30 days after implantation by 601 and 564 cm-1(P- O) arisen form bone apatite bands. After 4 weeks, peaks at 31.6 and 25.8° (2θ) were registered thus inducing a degradation of BG-CH which occurred simultaneously with the implant replacement by the bone cells. Our data showed that the incorporation of 17% wt% CH with BG matrix promoted a highly significant bioactivity and generated an osteoinductive property. These effects might make BG-CH an effective biomaterials choice for the biomedical field. Key words: Chitosan-glasses, biominiralisation, osteoinductivity, biomedical applications, bone defect healing.
Ten years of marine current measurements in Espartel Sill, Strait of Gibraltar

More than 10 year of Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler observations collected at the westernmost sill (Espartel sill) of the Strait of Gibraltar by a monitoring station have been carefully processed to provide the most updated estimation of the Mediterranean outflow. A comprehensive quality control of the factors affecting the uncertainty of the measurements has been carried out and great care has been paid to infer the current at the bottom layer, where direct observations are lacking. The mean outflow in the southern channel of the sill section has been estimated as −0.82 Sv (1 Sv = 1 × 106 m3 s−1), with an average contribution of the eddy fluxes of −0.04 Sv. This figure is an overestimation, as the mooring measurements, assumed valid for the whole section, ignore the lateral friction. On the other hand, it only gives the flow through the southern channel and disregards the fraction flowing through shallower northern part. Both drawbacks have been addressed by investigating the cross-strait structure of the outflow from hindcasts produced by the MITgcm numerical model, run in a high-resolution domain covering the Gulf of Cadiz and Alboran Sea basins. An overall rectifying factor of 1.039 was found satisfactory to correct the first estimate, so that the final mean outflow computed from this data set is −0.85 Sv, complemented with an uncertainty of ±0.03 Sv based on the interannual variability of the series. The temporal analysis of the series shows an outflow seasonality of around the 8% of the mean value, with maximum outflow in early spring.
Measuring Models

Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) is an approach to software development that uses models as primary artifacts, from which code, documentation and tests are derived. One way of assessing quality assurance in a given domain is to deﬁne domain metrics. We show that some of these metrics are supported by models. As text documents, models can be considered from a syntactic point of view i.e., thought of as graphs. We can readily apply graph-based metrics to them, such as the number of nodes, the number of edges or the fan-in/fan-out distributions. However, these metrics cannot leverage the semantic structuring enforced by each speciﬁc metamodel to give domain speciﬁc information. Contrary to graph-based metrics, more speciﬁc metrics do exist for given domains (such as LOC for programs), but they lack genericity. Our contribution is to propose one metric, called σ , that is generic over metamodels and allows the easy speciﬁcation of an open-ended wide range of model metrics.
A Model of Competing Narratives

We formalize the argument that political disagreements can be traced to a “clash of narratives. ” Drawing on the “Bayesian Networks” literature, we represent a narrative by a causal model that maps actions into consequences, weaving a selection of other random variables into the story. Narratives generate beliefs by interpreting long-run correlations between these variables. An equilibrium is defined as a probability distribution over narrative-policy pairs that maximize a representative agent's anticipatory utility, capturing the idea that people are drawn to hopeful narratives. Our equilibrium analysis sheds light on the structure of prevailing narratives, the variables they involve, the policies they sustain, and their contribution to political polarization. (JEL D72, D83, D85, F52)
Notes on functions of hyperbolic type

Functions of hyperbolic type encode representations on real or complex hyperbolic spaces, usually infinite-dimensional. These notes set up the complex case. As applications, we prove the existence of a non-trivial deformation family of representations of SU(1,n) and of its infinite-dimensional kin Isom(H^\infty_C). We further classify all the self-representations of Isom(H^\infty_C) that satisfy a compatibility condition for the subgroup Isom(H^\infty_R). It turns out in particular that translation lengths and Cartan arguments determine each other for these representations. In the real case, we revisit earlier results and propose some further constructions.
Learning of a postural control task by elderly post-stroke patients

The aim of this study was to compare the learning process of a postural control task between post-stroke patients and healthy subjects. The sample was composed of 20 post-stroke individuals (Experimental Group) and 20 aged matched healthy individuals (Control Group). Participants practiced a postural control task in a virtual environment with increasing of complexity. The study design involved four phases: pre-test (five trials), acquisition phase (four blocks of thirty minutes), post-test (five trials), and retention test (five trials after a week without practice). The statistical analysis was run by a 2 x 3 ANOVA (groups x learning tests). Results: There was no difference in motor learning between Experimental Group and Control Group (F= 41.22; p=0.88). In addition, it was founded that the Control Group could learn the task in a higher-level complexity than Experimental Group (F = 4.77; p = 0.01), and both groups increased the error during the trials of practice (F = 0.53; p = 0.00) because of task complexity. Conclusion: Therefore has been found that post-stroke individuals have the ability to learn a postural control task similar to healthy subjects, and the task complexity seems to be a key-factor in order to differentiate stroke from healthy subject's motor learning process.
Fabric Defects Detection based on SSD

In this paper, Fabric defect detection is a challenging task because of the complex texture. Deep learning technology provide a promising solution. As a kind of deep learning object detection model. Single Shot Multibox Detector(SSD)achieves good detection performance. However, the original SSD model may fail to detect the small objects. In this paper, we proposed a novel SSD model for fabric defect detection. Experimental results showed that the improved SSD model can accurately detect the defect region.
Fault models and tests specific for FIFO functionality

First-in-first-out (FIFO) memories are becoming increasingly popular as buffer storage between subsystems operating at different data rates. One way to implement a FIFO is to use a single-port SRAM memory with arbitration logic to resolve conflicts due to simultaneous read and write requests. The well-know functional tests for SRAMs cannot be applied to FIFOs because of their built in access restrictions. Functional fault models and functional tests for FIFOs have been presented by van de Goor (1992). This paper presents functional fault models together with a set of tests and their correctness proofs for the logic implementing the FIFO functionality; e.g. embedded address registers, multiplexers, empty and full flags, etc.<<ETX>>
Optimization of heat-dried silane application for CAD / CAM ceramic resin bonding

Aim:Evaluate surface treatments and silane application methods and their effect on shear bond strength (SBS) before and after aging. Materials and methods. Slices of IPS e.max CAD and Vitablocs Mark II, were embedded in acrylic resin. The block was randomly assigned to 5 groups; E:etching with hydrofluoric acid (HF), rinsing, followed by cleaning in ultrasonic bath; E/S:HFetching and cleaned as group E followed by silane application for 20s, air drying and hot drying; E/S+:HFetching and cleaned as group E, followed by silane application for 60s, air drying and hot air drying, rinsing with boiling water and hot air drying; S:silane application for 20s followed by air drying and hot air drying; S+:silane application for 60s followed by air drying, air drying and hot air drying, rinsing in boiling water and hot drying. Cylinders of composite resin (n=12) were bonded with adhesive. SBS testing was carried out after 24h or after thermocycling for groups E; E/S and E/S+. Results. For 24h SBS showed sign
Localization on freeways using the horizon line signature

We explore the horizon line as a viable signature for vision-based localization on a freeway. Our proposed system uses a single forward facing camera mounted on the dash of a vehicle. Preliminary testing shows successful localization for 10 video sequences conducted on a freeway, travelling up to 100km/h, under varying weather conditions (sunny/cloudy/rainy). A particle filter is employed for localization. For the motion model, we use a purely vision-based method that counts the number of lane markings per frame. Overall, we conducted over 240 km of localization experiments.
Genetic Requirement For The Rna Helicase Mov 10 l 1 In Pirna Biogenesis

GENETIC REQUIREMENT FOR THE RNA HELICASE MOV10L1 IN PIRNA BIOGENESIS Qi Fu P. Jeremy Wang Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs required for transposon silencing, germ cell development, and fertility in many eukaryotic species. However, many of the mechanisms underlying piRNA biogenesis have not been elucidated. Studies of MOV10L1 support its function as an RNA helicase in the processing of piRNA precursors. In this study, we elucidate the requirement for MOV10L1 RNA helicase activity in piRNA biogenesis. To determine the requirement for MOV10L1 RNA helicase activity in piRNA biogenesis in vivo, we generated two knock-in mouse models containing mutations in residues of Mov10l1 that are critical for its RNA helicase activity. The two Mov10l1 knockin mutants displayed numerous phenotypes associated with impaired piRNA biogenesis. Adult male Mov10l1 knockin mutants exhibited meiotic arrest and sterility. piRNAs associated with the Piwi proteins MILI and MIWI2 were depleted in the Mov10l1 knockin mutants. The retrotransposons LINE1 and IAP were de-repressed in the germ cells of the Mov10l1 knockin mutants. Finally, the levels of piRNA precursor transcripts were upregulated in one of the Mov10l1 knockin mutants. Interestingly, the piRNA pathway proteins MOV10L1, MILI, and MIWI2 formed a polar conglomerate in the embryonic germ cells of the Mov10l1 knockin mutants, and MOV10L1 was not expressed post-natally in the Mov10l1 knockin mutants. Studies of the two Mov10l1 knockin mutants show that MOV10L1 RNA helicase activity is required for the processing of piRNA precursors and piRNA biogenesis. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Cell & Molecular Biology First Advisor P. Jeremy Wang
Dissolved Organic Carbon in Coniferous Forests of Central Siberia

Release of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from boreal forest ecosystems of central Siberia including permafrost, mountain and south taiga zones was compared in terms of influence of site­ specific environmental conditions. Pinus sylvestris (southern part), Abies sibirica (mountain) and Larix gmelinii (permafrost) have different adaptational strategies and cover areas with unique hydroclimatic conditions. Among forest patterns, litter is characterized by large dissolved organic carbon DOC flux compared to that of forest floor vegetation and throughfall. Precipitation and temperature of decomposing layers were found to be the most important factors determining DOC release. Insufficient heat supply has led to a sharp decrease in extractable DOC contents in the forest floor and litter in the larch stand. DOC influx in throughfall was also important for the DOC dynamics in the organic horizon. The formation of impermeable layers of permafrost and basalt bedrock have resulted in a high DOC concentration in stream water in the watershed. Precipitation magnitude considerably affected DOC output in stream water. After long-term rainfall, DOC flux in stream water in the larch basin reached 38 mgC'm- 2 d-I, almost IOO-fold higher than that during
A study on organizational culture, structure and information technology as three KM enablers: A case study in five Iranian medical and healthcare research centers

Article history: Received July 12, 2012 Received in revised format 29 October 2012 Accepted 15 November 2012 Available online November 17 2012 This study investigates organizational structure, culture, and information technology as knowledge management (KM) infrastructural capabilities, and compares their significance and status quo in five medical research centers in Tehran, Iran. Objectives of this research were pursued by employing two statistical methods, regression analysis and Friedman test. Included in the study were 135 people (researchers and support staff) from five medical and healthcare research centers of Tehran. A survey questionnaire including 23 questions was utilized to examine organizational structure, culture and information technology indicators. And another 12 questions examined KM effectiveness. The Friedman test indicated that in terms of their status quo, the three studied KM enablers are at different conditions, with organizational culture having the best (mean rank=1.79) and IT the worst (mean rank=2.14) status. Moreover, it was revealed by regression analysis that organizational structure is believed to have the most significant impact (Beta= 0.397) on the effectiveness of knowledge management initiatives, while information technology gained the least perceived impact (Beta= 0.176). © 2013 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.