Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study on leaning methods for kansei quality management of food products

The study on leaning methods for kansei quality management of Chinese food products has captured constant attention, as Chinese enterprises are endeavoring to improve kansei quality of food products and thus refine the people's lifestyle. In this thesis, the author applies both questionnaire and model analysis to compare kansei quality of certain tea drinks, evaluates kansei quality of Chinese food products, explores leaning methods for kansei quality management of tea drinks, and gives a close examination of kansei quality management process. The methodology of industrializing kansei quality management is confirmed. The intrinsic link between kansei quality management and lean thinking lies in realizing the exact kansei quality expected by customers. Creating kansei value is fundamental to understanding and improving the relation between enterprises and customers. Leaning methods for kansei quality management are a basic form of knowledge integration, a thinking strategy geared up for improving product quality, enhancing product competitiveness and creating world-class consumer brands. In essence, it is a philosophical business approach benefiting everyone involved.
Therapy of primary and metastatic mouse mammary carcinomas with doxorubicin encapsulated in long circulating liposomes

The purpose of our study was to compare the therapeutic effects of doxorubicin in 3 different formulations: (1) in PBS, (2) in conventional liposomes composed of egg phosphatidylglycerol/ egg phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol/dl‐α tocopherol, and (3) in sterically stabilized, long‐circulating “Stealth” liposomes composed of hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol/ polyethylene glycol‐distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine. The doxorubicin formulations were used to treat recently implanted and well‐established, growing primary mouse mammary carcinomas, and to inhibit the development of spontaneous metastases from intra‐mammary tumor implants. In the treatment of recently implanted primary tumors, the formulations were given in 3 i.v. injections over 15 days, starting 3 or 10 days after tumor implantation. In the treatment of well‐established primary tumors, the mice received 4 i.v. injections over 22 days, starting an average 38 days after tumor implantation. In the preventive treatment against metastases, the formulations were given in 4 i.v. injections over 22 days, starting 22 days or 58 days after primary tumor implantation. The Stealth liposome formulation was significantly more effective than the conventional liposome formulation or the free drug in reducing the incidence of metastases from intra‐mammary implants of tumor MC19 and tumor MC65, in curing mice with recent implants of tumor MC2A, tumor MC2B, and tumor MC65, and in increasing the 8‐week survival of mice with well‐established implants of tumor MC2B. It is concluded that the long circulation time of the Stealth liposome doxorubicin formulation accounts for its superior therapeutic effectiveness. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Revised nomenclature for eukaryotic DNA polymerases.

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA Department of Biochemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, USA Department of Chemistry, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA Department of Biochemistry, Uniformed Services University Health Sciences, Bethesda, USA Department of Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, USA Institut fur Pharmakologie und Biochemie, Universitit Zurich-Irchel, Zurich, Switzerland ’ Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Berkeley, USA
L-SIGN (CD 209L) is a liver-specific capture receptor for hepatitis C virus

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects nearly 3% of the population of the world and is a major cause of liver disease. However, the mechanism whereby the virus targets the liver for infection remains unknown, because none of the putative cellular receptors for HCV are both expressed specifically in the liver and capable of binding HCV envelope glycoproteins. Liver/lymph node-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing integrin (L-SIGN) is a calcium-dependent lectin expressed on endothelial cells of liver and lymph nodes. Dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN), a homologous molecule expressed on dendritic cells, binds HIV and promotes infection. By using a virus-binding assay, we demonstrate that L-SIGN and DC-SIGN specifically bind naturally occurring HCV present in the sera of infected individuals. Further studies demonstrate that binding is mediated by the HCV envelope glycoprotein E2 and is blocked by specific inhibitors, including mannan, calcium chelators, and Abs to the lectin domain of the SIGN molecules. Thus, L-SIGN represents a liver-specific receptor for HCV, and L-SIGN and DC-SIGN may play important roles in HCV infection and immunity.
Dose- and Time-dependency of the Toxicity and Pharmacokinetic Profiles of Bedaquiline and Its N-desmethyl Metabolite in Dogs

Bedaquiline (BDQ) is an antibiotic to treat pulmonary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Studies up to 39 weeks were conducted orally in dogs to assess the toxicity and pharmacokinetics of BDQ and its N-desmethyl metabolite (D-BDQ). Phospholipidosis (PLD) seen in the monocytic phagocytic system was considered an adaptive change. Skeletal muscle, heart, stomach, liver, and pancreas toxicities with D-BDQ as the main contributor were associated with a less-than-dose-proportional increase in plasma exposure and an overproportional tissue uptake of BDQ and D-BDQ at high-dose levels. Tissue concentrations of BDQ and D-BDQ slowly decreased after lowering the dose, contributing to the recovery of the pathological findings. Treatment was better tolerated at mid-dose levels, characterized by a dose-proportional increase in plasma and tissue exposures. Treatment at a low dose, reaching exposures approximating therapeutic exposures, was without adverse effects and not associated with PLD. There was no evidence of delayed toxicities after treatment cessation. Intermittent dosing was better tolerated at high doses. Since MDR-TB patients are dosed within the linear plasma exposure range and plasma levels of BDQ and D-BDQ are similar or lower than in dogs, PLD and adverse findings related to tissue accumulation that occurred at high doses in dogs are unlikely to occur in humans.
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using a diode laser with a potential new photosensitizer, indocyanine green-loaded nanospheres, may be effective for the clearance of Porphyromonas gingivalis.

BACKGROUND Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a new treatment method for the removal of infectious pathogens using a photosensitizer and light of a specific wavelength, e.g., toluidine blue with a wavelength of about 600 nm. We explored a new photosensitizer and focused on indocyanine green (ICG), which has high absorption at a wavelength of 800-805 nm. We investigated the bactericidal effect of PDT on Porphyromonas gingivalis using a new photosensitizer, ICG-loaded nanospheres with an 805 nm wavelength low-level diode laser irradiation. METHODS We designed ICG-loaded nanospheres coated with chitosan (ICG-Nano/c) as a photosensitizer. A solution containing Porphyromonas gingivalis (10(8) CFU/mL) with or without ICG-Nano/c (or ICG) was prepared and irradiated with a diode laser or without laser irradiation as a negative control. The irradiation settings were 0.5 W with a duty ratio of 10%, for 3-100 ms in repeated pulse (RPT) or continuous wave mode. CFU were counted after 7 d of anaerobic culture. RESULTS We observed that ICG-Nano/c could adhere to the surface of P. gingivalis. When ICG-Nano/c was used for aPDT, irradiation with RPT 100 ms mode gave the lowest increase in temperature. Laser irradiation with ICG-Nano/c significantly reduced the number of P. gingivalis (i.e., approximately 2-log10 bacterial killing). The greatest bactericidal effect was found in the RPT 100 ms group. However, laser irradiation (RPT 100 ms) with ICG, as well as without photosensitizer, had no effect on the number of bacteria. CONCLUSIONS Within the limits of this study, ICG-Nano/c with low-level diode laser (0.5 W; 805 nm) irradiation showed an aPDT-like effect, which might be useful for a potential photodynamic periodontal therapy.
Pressure—Temperature—Time Paths of Regional Metamorphism I. Heat Transfer during the Evolution of Regions of Thickened Continental Crust

The development of regional metamorphism in areas of thickened continental crust is investigated in terms of the major controls on regional-scale thermal regimes. These are: the total radiogenic heat supply within the thickened crust, the supply of heat from the mantle, the thermal conductivity of the medium and the length and time scales of erosion of the continental crust. The orogenic episode is regarded as consisting of a relatively rapid phase of crustal thickening, during which little temperature change occurs in individual rocks, followed by a lengthier phase of erosion, at the end of which the crust is at its original thickness. The principal features of pressure-temperature-time (PTt) paths followed by rocks in this environment are a period of thermal relaxation, during which the temperature rises towards the higher geotherm that would be supported by the thickened crust, followed by a period of cooling as the rock approaches the cold land surface. The temperature increase that occurs is governed by the degree of thickening of the crust, its conductivity and the time that elapses before the rock is exhumed sufficiently to be affected by the proximity of the cold upper boundary. For much of the parameter range considered, the heating phase encompasses a considerable portion of the exhumation (decompression) part of the PTt path. In addition to the detailed calculation of PTt paths we present an idealized model of the thickening and exhumation process, which may be used to make simple calculations of the amount of heating to be expected during a given thickening and exhumation episode and of the depth at which a rock will start to cool on its ascent path. An important feature of these PTt paths is that most of them lie within 50 °C of the maximum temperature attained for one third or more of the total duration of their burial and uplift, and for a geologically plausible range of erosion rates the rocks do not begin to cool until they have completed 20 to 40 per cent of the total uplift they experience. Considerable melting of the continental crust is a likely consequence of thickening of crust with an average continental geotherm. A companion paper discusses these results in the context of attempts to use metamorphic petrology data to give information on tectonic processes. © 1984 Oxford University Press.
A preliminary synthesis of major scientific results during the SALSA program

The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the primary results of the Semi-Arid Land–Surface–Atmosphere (SALSA) Program in the context of improvements to our overall understanding of hydrologic, ecologic, and atmospheric processes and their interactions in a semi-arid basin. The major findings and future research needs associated with the different core components of the program are emphasized. First, remote-sensing investigations are discussed, especially those directed toward taking full advantage of the capabilities of the new generation of satellites (ERS2/ATSR2, VEGETATION, LANDSAT7, NASA-EOS). Second, we discuss parameterization of the water and energy fluxes in arid and semi-arid regions, with special emphasis on methods to aggregate these fluxes from patch scale to grid scale. Third, we address the issues related to grassland ecology and competition for water between native grass and invasive mesquite species. Fourth, findings related to the interactions between surface water, ground water, and vegetation in a semi-arid riparian system are discussed. Next, an assessment of land use and land cover change over the entire basin over a quarter century is reviewed. Finally, unsolved issues and the needs for further research are outlined. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Demonstration of Functional Requirement of Polypyrimidine Tract-binding Protein by SELEX RNA during Hepatitis C Virus Internal Ribosome Entry Site-mediated Translation Initiation*

Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTB) has been previously shown to physically interact with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA genome at its 5′- and 3′-noncoding regions. Using high affinity SELEX RNA molecules, we present evidence for the functional requirement of PTB during HCV internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-controlled translation initiation. This study was carried out in rabbit reticulocyte translation lysates in which the HCV IRES-driven reporter RNA was introduced along with the PTB-specific SELEX RNA molecules. The SELEX RNAs specifically inhibited the HCV IRES function in the context of mono- and dicistronic mRNAs. The cap-dependent translation of a reporter (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase) RNA or naturally capped brome mosaic virus RNA, however, was not affected by the presence of SELEX during in vitro translation assays. The SELEX-mediated inhibition of the HCV IRES is shown to be relieved by the addition of recombinant human PTB in an add-back experiment. Thein vivo requirement of PTB was further confirmed by cotransfection of Huh7 cells with reporter RNA and PTB-specific SELEX RNA. The HCV IRES activity was inhibited by the SELEX RNA in these cells, but not by an unrelated control RNA. Together, these results demonstrate the functional requirement of cellular PTB in HCV translation and further support the feasible use of SELEX RNA strategy in demonstrating the functional relevance of cellular protein(s) in complex biological processes.
Single Injection Peribulbar Anesthesia with a Short Needle Combined with Digital Compression

BACKGROUND: We compare the efficacy of using a 15 mm to the standard 25 mm needle for performing peribulbar blockade. METHODS: Blocks were performed on 150 patients using 15 or 25 mm needle length. Digital compression was applied by the thumb and index finger around the needle hub during injection with 15 mm needle. Anesthetic was injected until lid fullness was noted. Inadequate block was augmented. RESULTS: No significant differences were noted between groups with respect to local anesthetic volume, supplementation, and akinesia. CONCLUSION: Peribulbar blockade performed with a 15 mm needle with digital pressure is comparable to blockade using a 25 mm needle.
Low Complexity Coordinated Beamforming in 2-User MIMO Systems

In this paper, We propose a new noniterative coordinated beamforming scheme to obtain full multiplexing gain in 2-user MIMO systems. In order to find the beamforming and combining matrices, we solve a generalized eigenvector problem and describe how to find generalized eigenvectors according to the Gaussian broadcast channels. Selected simulation results show that the proposed method yields the same sum-rate performance as the iterative coordinated beamforming method with a lower complexity non-iterative computation of the beamforming and combining matrices. We also show that the proposed method can easily exploit selective gain by choosing the best combination of generalized eigenvectors.
Escherichia coli ribosomes translate in vivo with variable rate.

The question of whether or not ‘rare’ codons are translated with the same rate as ‘common’ codons was investigated by measuring the translation time for two genes, lacI and bla, rich in rare codons, and comparing the results with the translation times measured on fus, tsf, tuf and rpsA which have very few rare codons. The rate of synthesis of the lac repressor was first measured with the up‐promoter mutation lacIq1 present on the high copy number plasmid pBR322. In such a strain the average translation times for lacI and bla were 50% slower than the rate calculated from the translation time for the four ribosomal proteins. In a strain having lacIq1 on an F'lac episome this difference was much smaller, thus slow translation of genes rich in rare codons is exaggerated in strains with increased drain on the rare codon tRNAs. The data do not exclude that only a subset of the rare codons is translated more slowly. Translation times were also measured in cells growing in different media, and the translation chain growth rate was found to increase by approximately 40% going from acetate medium to a fully supplemented medium.
Formation of a crystal nucleus from liquid

Crystallization is one of the most fundamental nonequilibrium phenomena universal to a variety of materials. It has so far been assumed that a supercooled liquid is in a “homogeneous disordered state” before crystallization. Contrary to this common belief, we reveal that a supercooled colloidal liquid is actually not homogeneous, but has transient medium-range structural order. We find that nucleation preferentially takes place in regions of high structural order via wetting effects, which reduce the crystal–liquid interfacial energy significantly and thus promotes crystal nucleation. This novel scenario provides a clue to solving a long-standing mystery concerning a large discrepancy between the rigorous numerical estimation of the nucleation rate on the basis of the classical nucleation theory and the experimentally observed ones. Our finding may shed light not only on the mechanism of crystal nucleation, but also on the fundamental nature of a supercooled liquid state.
Development of Heterojunction Back Contact Si Solar Cells

An energy conversion efficiency of 25.1% was achieved in heterojunction back contact (HBC) structure Si solar cell utilizing back contact technology and an amorphous silicon thinfilm technology. A new patterning process was established, and it was applied to the fabrication process of HBC cells. In addition, the unique technology of the surface mount technology concept contributed to the superior performance of HBC cell. A short circuit current density (Jsc) and an open-circuit voltage (Voc) were 41.7 mA/cm2 and 736 mV, respectively. The high Jsc as well as the high Voc indicates the strength of HBC structure cell. Besides, a high fill factor of 0.82 was obtained, which shows that HBC structure cell does not have any fundamental critical losses caused from series resistance or shunt resistance. Such high values of I-V parameter means that the patterning process was properly performed.
Obfuscation of the activity of antifungal antimicrobics by culture media.

The potential of six culture media in current use for antagonism of the antifungal activity of amphotericin B, 5-fluorocytosine, and clotrimazole was assessed by comparison with a totally defined, nutritionally adequate, well-buffered, synthetic amino-acid medium, SAAMF. Of the six conventional media, only one was a synthetic formulation; although it was nutritionally adequate, it was essentially unbuffered. The remaining five media were complex, undefined, and undefinable. All five undefined media were nutritionally adequate, two were modestly well buffered, but all nullified the activity of one or more of the three antimicrobics studied. The obfuscatory capacity of each medium was quantitated by determination of the absolute minimal inhibitory concentration (M'IC) of each antimicrobic for a strain of Candida albicans. With 5-fluorocytosine and clotrimazole, but not with amphotericin B, there was significant increase in M'IC values as incubation was continued. By adding (individually) pyrimidines and pyrimidine ribosides to SAAMF, it was shown that cytosine and uridine blocked expression of the anticandidal activity of 5-fluorocytosine. Meaningful data cannot be obtained from susceptibility testing of fungi in vitro unless the potential for interaction between antimicrobic and culture medium is recognized and compensated for, most expeditiously, through use of a totally defined culture medium.
Glyphosate skin binding, absorption, residual tissue distribution, and skin decontamination.

Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum postemergence translocated herbicide. Its interactions with skin and potential systemic availability through percutaneous absorption was studied by skin binding, skin absorption, residual tissue distribution, and skin decontamination. Glyphosate in a final formulation (Roundup) undiluted and diluted with water 1:20 and 1:32, would not partition into powdered human stratum corneum (less than 1%). In vitro percutaneous absorption through human skin into human plasma as receptor fluid was no more than 2% over a concentration range of 0.5-154 micrograms/cm2 and a topical volume range of 0.014-0.14 ml/cm2. Disposition of glyphosate following iv administration of 93 and 9 micrograms doses to rhesus monkeys was mainly through urine excretion, 95 +/- 8 and 99 +/- 4% in 7 days, respectively. Percutaneous absorption in vivo in rhesus monkey was 0.8 +/- 0.6% for the low dose (25 micrograms/cm2) and 2.2 +/- 0.8% for the high dose (270 micrograms/cm2). No residual 14C was found in organs of the monkeys euthanized 7 days after the topical application. Washing the skin application site with soap and water removed 90 +/- 4% of applied dose, and washing with water only removed 84 +/- 3% of applied dose. Both soap and water and water only were equal in ability to remove glyphosate from skin over a 24 hr skin application period. About 50% of the initially applied dose could be recovered after 24 hr. Glyphosate is very soluble in water and insoluble in most organics (octanol/water log P = -1.70) and therefore not compatible with the lipid-laden stratum corneum. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A 2G-RFID-based e-healthcare system

Radio frequency identification technology has received an increasing amount of attention in the past few years as an important emerging technology. However, the intrinsically passive features of existing RFID systems, to which we refer as first-generation RFID systems, render their adaptation to real-world dynamics in order to efficiently comply with up-to-date application-specific requirements difficult. To address this challenging issue, we propose an evolution to second-generation RFID systems characterized by the introduction of encoded rules that are dynamically stored in RFID tags. This novel approach facilitates the systems¿ operation to perform actions on demand for different objects in different situations, and enables improved scalability. Based on 2G-RFID-Sys, we propose a novel e-healthcare management system, and explain how it can be employed to leverage the effectiveness of existing ones. It is foreseeable that the flexibility and scalability of 2G-RFID-Sys will support more automatic and intelligent applications in the future.
Zero-Sequence Circulating Current Reduction Method for Parallel HEPWM Inverters Between AC Bus and DC Bus

In this paper, a real-time circulating current reduction method for parallel harmonic-elimination pulsewidth modulation (HEPWM) inverters is proposed. HEPWM techniques are often used in high-capacity inverters. For instance, in a hybrid microgrid, the inverters are employed to transfer power between the dc and ac buses. If the inverters are in parallel operation, the zero-sequence path can be established, and the zero-sequence circulating current will circulate among the inverters. The proposed method installs a cascade null-vector control system behind the conventional three-phase HEPWM modulator. The proposed null-vector control system can be disabled to save switching losses when the zero-sequence circulating current is small, whereas it can be enabled when the zero-sequence circulating current becomes large. The proposed method does not affect the line-to-line voltage waveforms of HEPWM inverters, and it can easily enable/disable the null-vector control system to provide bumpless transfer. Compared with the conventional HEPWM with zero-sequence harmonics elimination, the proposed method can provide an extra 15% modulation index range. Results that were obtained from both simulation and experiments confirmed the performance and effectiveness of the proposed method.