Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Visual techniques for cervical cancer screening in Colombia

Introduction: Direct visual inspection for cervical cancer screening remains controversial, whereas colposcopy-biopsy is considered the gold standard for diagnosis of preneoplastic cervical lesions. Objectives: To determine the rates of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or more and of false positives for colposcopy and direct visual inspection. Materials and methods: Women aged 25-59 underwent direct visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), Lugol’s iodine (VIA-VILI), and colposcopy. Punch biopsies were obtained for all positive tests. Using histology as the gold standard, detection and false positive rates were compared for VIA, VIA-VILI, and colposcopy (two thresholds). Sensitivity and false positive ratios with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Results: We included 5,011 women in the analysis and we obtained 602 biopsies. Positivity rates for colposcopy high-grade and low-grade diagnosis were 1.6% and 10.8%. Positivity rates for VIA and VIA-VILI were 7.4% and 9.9%. VIA showed a significantly lower detection rate than colposcopy with low-grade diagnosis as the threshold (SR=0.72; 95% CI 0.57-0.91), and significantly lower false positive rate (FPR=0.70; 95% CI 0.65-0.76). No differences between VIA-VILI and colposcopy low-grade threshold were observed. VIA and VIA-VILI showed significantly higher detection and false positive rates than colposcopy high-grade threshold. Sensitivity rates for visual inspection decreased with age and false positive rates increased. For all age groups, false positive rates for VIA and VIA-VILI were significantly higher than colposcopy. Conclusions: Detection rates for VIA-VILI similar to colposcopy low-grade threshold represent a chance to reduce cervical cancer mortality through see-and-treat approaches among women with limited access to health care. Lower detection rates suggest reviewing high-grade colposcopy findings as the threshold for biopsy in certain settings.
6 – Microdiets as alternatives to live feeds for fish larvae in aquaculture: improving the efficiency of feed particle utilization

: Marine fish larvae fed microdiets have not, at this stage, matched the growth and survival performances demonstrated by larvae fed live feeds such as rotifers and Artemia. This chapter discusses the issues related to the use of microdiets as a sole or partial feed for marine fish larvae. The techniques and methods of manufacturing microdiet particles, chemical and physical properties of microdiet particles are described. The use of feeding systems and advantages and disadvantage of the current feeding systems is reviewed. The chapter also looks at advances in feeding regimes such as co-feeding and feeding systems.
Clinical Approaches in Prostate Cancer Therapies

Prostate cancer is the most frequent tumor found in men worldwide and in Brazil and represents their secondleading cause of cancer-related death. Metastatic disease is largely resistant to conventional chemotherapies, and targeted therapies are urgently needed. The PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) blood test has been used in various stages of prostate cancer management, including screening and the assessment of future risk of prostate cancer development, detection of recurrent disease after local therapy and in the management of advanced disease. Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) is a prototypical cell-surface marker of prostate cancer. PSMA is expressed in the neo-vascular of other solid tumours. This work aims to reach the publications of therapies utilized to treat prostatic cancer, mainly the physiotherapy, used to facilitate the life of patients with this disease. PubMed and World-Wide Science databases were used to screening about prostatic cancer therapies and biomarkers. The results showed that cryo-therapy and pelvic floor exercises were useful by physiotherapy to treat prostatic cancer. Chemotherapy showed to be the better treatment for this type of cancer. Though PSMA is a biomarker used in researches in the last 20 years, the PSA levels is still the best biomarker dosed in our days.
SAT0448 Report of 86 cases of congenital heart block: data from the italian registry (LU.NE REGISTRY)

Background Cardiac neonatal lupus is due to placental transfer of maternal anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB autoantibodies to the fetus and mainly includes congenital heart block (CHB) and dilated cardiomyopathy. The prevalence of CHB has been estimated as 1%–2% in anti-Ro/SSA women while the recurrence rate is 16%–19%(.1 This condition is associated with a high rate of fetal/neonatal mortality and in the majority of cases requires pacemaker pacing.2–6 Objectives The rarity of this condition requires the establishment of collaborative registries in order to improve our knowledge. Here we report the data of the ongoing Italian Registry of the autoimmune congenital heart block (Lu.Ne), which was created in 2016 Methods The aim was to collect retrospective and prospective pregnancies complicated with CHB in patients with antibodies. Data regarding demography, treatment, maternal and neonatal outcome and follow-up were collected through an online electronic datasheet prepared in a Research Electronic Data Capture platform. Results Eighty-six cases of CHB were collected in 82 women with 85 pregnancies that occurred between 1969–2016. CHB was mostly detected in utero (81 cases, 90.6%) with 5 neonatal CHB. Demographic description of the mothers, pregnancy outcomes and treatment are reported in table 1. Child mortality was observed in 22 (25.5%) cases: 12 fetal, 5 termination of pregnancy and 5 postnatal. Maternal and fetal risk factors for fetal mortality were analysed and, at univariate analysis, factors associated with death were an earlier detection of CHB (20.9±0.9 weeks vs 24.8±5.4 weeks; p=0.007), hydrops (p=0.002;OR=11.3;CI95%1.84–69.2) and pericardial effusion (p=0.025;OR >100;CI95%2.88->100). Conclusions The Lu.Ne registry is an ongoing project aiming at collecting all Italian CHB. Our data showed similar rate of fetal/neonatal death and of PM implantation previously reported. We confirmed that hydrops and pericardial effusion are risk factors for fetal death. A peculiarity of our cohorts is that the majority of the mothers (59%) had an established diagnosis of systemic autoimmune disease at CHB detection. This is in contrast with other registries showing that usually CHB was incidentally detected in healthy women and related to the recruiting Centres all belonging to Rheumatology Society. The collection of cases from Gynaecological and Paediatric Centres, planned in the next months, will complete our analysis References [1] Brucato, et al. Arth Rheum2001;1831–35. [2] Eliasson H, et al. Circulation2011;124:1919–26. [3] Izmirly PM, et al. Circulation2011;124:1927–35. [4] Levesque K, et al. Autoimmun Rev2015;14:1154–60. [5] Lopes LM, et al. Circulation2008;118:1268–75. [6] Van den Berg NW, et al. Int J Cardiol2016;225:167–171. Acknowledgements This project was funded by Italian Society of Rheumatology Disclosure of Interest None declared
EMR Access and Confidentiality Based on Patient and Hospital Staff Perspectives

The Electronic Medical Records (EMR) system is a longitudinal electronic record consisting of all the information relevant to a patients’ health and well-being, generated by at least one encounter in a healthcare setting. It can be accessed within an institution with multi-level accessibility based on authentication customized to the type of user. Since the EMR system potentiates an organised and holistic medical history specific to a patient, it enables medical professionals to deliver a higher quality of healthcare services. The aims of this study were to understand the global perspective of EMR and its implementation as well as to locate the gaps of knowledge that still existed in the understanding and definition of EMR amongst patients and hospital staff. All major bibliographic databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar and several specialist datasets such as PsycINFO, MEDLINE and EBSCOhost from the previous 10 years (2007-2017) were employed in our search. Paper citations which utilised a reference standard were incorporated for quality assessment. An initial search found 2700 articles however after factoring in the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only 78 articles were included in this review. Our findings indicated a discrepancy between the expectation of patients and what was actually practiced. Patient concerns mainly involved easy access of healthcare professionals other than doctors to their EMR in addition to non-medical information. The assumption of confidentiality was expected to be maintained by indifference; however, a good face-to-face explanation cannot be substituted with control over content and access to EMR. In the event of a breach in patient confidentiality, lawsuits against healthcare providers will rise exponentially as patients are now well-informed and more empowered to ask questions regarding the care they are receiving and information being disclosed to other parties. Security of information can be attained with better modelling protocols, end-user training and refresher courses done on a regular basis. Finally, controls of access will need to be implemented via passwords and digital signatures.
Seroprevalence, Epidemiology and Genetic Characterization of Hepatitis C Virus, India

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes serious hepatic manifestations viz. chronic liver cirrhosis, necrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Globally 3% of the population is highly affected by HCV infection. A total of 751 HCV suspected samples collected from Primary Health Care centres, both from Private and Government hospitals in Tamil Nadu were screened with anti HCV antibodies-ELISA test revealed a prevalence of 0.5% of the population to have HCV diseases burden in different age groups. The pediatric age groups (1-5 and 6-12 years) were predominantly HCV affected and statistical analysis of the data revealed the significant differences between the age groups. The 28% of the blood transfusion cases showed HCV infections, followed by haemodialysis (12%), intravenous drug abuse (02%), tattoos and piercing (01%), sexual contact and abusement (08%), plasmapheresis (08%), contact to HCV infected material (01%), perinatal (02%), intravenous immunoglobulin treatment (03%), transplantation (18%) and unknown (17%). The predominant symptoms of HCV infection were jaundice (90%), fever (60%), dark urine (48%), hepatomegaly(35%), and spleenomegaly (20%). A severe impact of the Hepatitis C virus infections was on the biomarkers viz. bilirubin, SGOT, and SGPT which were found to be significantly elevated. The elevated levels of total bilirubin were 70%, serum glutamine oxalo transaminase (SGOT) Research article
Anti-diabetic effect of loganin by inhibiting FOXO1 nuclear translocation via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in INS-1 cell

Objective(s): JiangTangXiaoKe (JTXK) granule, a Chinese traditional herbal formula, has been clinically used and demonstrated to be beneficial in controlling high glucose and to relieve the symptoms of Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients for decades. In this study, we explored how loganin, one of the components in JTXK granule, mediated the anti-diabetic effect. Materials and Methods: We generate a cell model with the dysfunction of insulin secretion by over-expression FOXO1 in INS-1 cells. MTT method was used to detect cytotoxicity after treated with Loganin. ELISA analysis was used to examine insulin secretion. The expression levels of FOXO1 and Akt were evaluated by Western blot. Results: Treatment with Loganin did not change the expression level of FOXO1 in INS-1 cells, but increased phosphorylation of FOXO1 and inhibited the nuclear translocation and accumulation of FOXO1, which improved the insulin secretion of the cells. Mechanistically, we found PI3K/Akt signaling pathway involved in these effects, which were blocked by an Akt inhibitor, LY294002. Conclusion: Loganin mediated the subcellular distribution of FOXO1 via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which protected the function of insulin secretion in islet INS-1 cells.
Prognostic value of platelet to lymphocyte ratio in patients with non-small cell lung cancer

Background: The prognostic value of Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still indistinct. We conducted this study to assess the prognostic significance of pretreatment PLR in patients with unresectable NSCLC.Aim of the Work: To assess the prognostic significance of pre-treatment PLR in patients with NSCLC.Material and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 130 patients treated for NSCLC with definitive/palliative chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy in Ain-Shams Universit hospital, Clinical Oncology department between January 2014 and December 2016. Pre-treatment CBC was available for the 130 patients to calculate PLR by dividing the absolute platelet count by the absolute lymphocytic count.Results: Out of 130 patients with available pre-treatment complete blood picture, population age ranged from 23 to 87 years. Male to female ratio was 4.8:1. Adenocarcinoma presents 51% of cases. Unresectable stage II and stage III present 2% and 27% respectively, while Stage IV presents 69%. Using a cut-off value of 150, a statistically significant correlation between baseline PLR > 150 and presence of distant metastases was found (p = .043); with a trend towards less advanced stage disease among group of patients with baseline PLR < 150 (p = .064). High PLR > 150 was significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS) (median OS: 10.33 months; 95% CI: 6.23-14.42, compared to patients with PLR < 150; (median OS: 24.63 months, 95% CI:11.5-37.76, p = .008), but not PFS. In multivariate analysis, PLR < 150 was an independent good prognostic factor for OS; (HR = 0.549; 95% CI: 0.314-0.958; p = .035). Conclusion: High PLR is associated with poor OS in patients with unresectable NSCLC.
Response of the Retina of Flying Squid Sthenotiuthis oualaniensis (Lesson) to Light Changes

The Hokkaido University training ship Hokusei-Maru has carried out squid investigations in ocean waters near Hawaii since 1981. The most predominant species of squid distributed in this area is the flying squid Sthenotiuthis oualaniensis, as has been previously reported. The authors has carried out the present study to examine the movement of black pigment in the flying squid retina in response to varying levels of artificial light. Response of retinal pigment is expressed as precentage of the height from the external limiting membrance "b" and the thickness of the retina "a", as (b/a) X 100%. Results of these experiments can be summarized as follows: 1) The black pigment response rose to 100% after from 10 to 30 minutes exposure to between 25 and 170 lux light illumination. 2) Black pigment response, up or down, was noted at a critical point of 1.0 lux light illumination.
Modulation of calcium signalling in human sperm by nitric oxide

Nitric oxide (NO) generation by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is implicated in gamete interaction and fertilization. In vitro studies were undertaken to assess the ability of human sperm and cumulus cells (surrounding the oocyte) to generate NO, investigate the mechanism of action of NO, the NO-mediated [Ca\(^{2+}\)]\(_i\) signalling pathways, the possible interaction of NO with progesterone (a product of cumulus) and its impact in the regulation of human sperm functions. Immunofluorescent staining revealed constitutive NOS in human cumulus. DAF-FM diacetate staining demonstrated NO production by cumulus cells. Human sperm exposure to NO donors caused mobilization of stored Ca\(^{2+}\) by a mechanism not requiring guanylate cyclase activation but mimicked by S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO; an S-nitrosylating agent). Dithiothreitol application, to reduce protein –SNO groups, rapidly reversed the actions of NO and GSNO on [Ca\(^{2+}\)]\(_i\). The effects of NO, GSNO and dithiothreitol on protein S-nitrosylation, assessed using the biotin-switch assay, closely paralleled their actions on [Ca\(^{2+}\)]\(_i\). Progesterone mobilizes stored Ca\(^{2+}\) in human sperm, by a mechanism involving ryanodine receptor (RyR) activation. Pre-treatment with NO reduced the amplitude of the Ca\(^{2+}\) response to ryanodine (a RyR agonist), suggesting convergence of the actions of NO and ryanodine. Sperm pre-treatment with NO greatly enhanced the progesterone effect on [Ca\(^{2+}\)]\(_i\), causing a prolonged increase in flagellar excursion. We conclude that NO regulates mobilization of stored Ca\(^{2+}\) in human sperm by protein (possibly RyRs) S-nitrosylation, that this action is synergistic with that of progesterone and that this synergism is potentially highly significant in gamete interactions leading to fertilization.
AB0091 Mechanical exposure and diacerein treatment modulates integrin-fak-mapks mechanotransduction in human osteoarthritis chondrocytes

Background Progression of osteoarthritis (OA) is characterised by destruction of articular cartilage, thickening of subchondral bone, and formation of osteophytes. The disease modifying OA drug (DMOAD) diacerein functions as a slow acting drug through anti-inflammatory, anti-catabolic, and pro-anabolic effects on cartilage and the synovial membrane. Mechanical loading of joint tissue directly affects the homeostasis of matrix degrading enzyme production and matrix repair. Objectives To explore the impact of diacerein and moderate mechanical stimulation on the anabolic metabolism of OA and non-OA chondrocytes, as well as on the integrin-FAK-MAPKs signal transduction cascade in these cells. Methods Mechanical stimulation was applied in terms of three different intensities by the Flexcell tension system. Influence on catabolic parameters such as MMPs, ADAMTS, and IL-6 were assessed by qPCR. Changes in phosphorylation of FAK, STAT3 as well as MAP kinases were verified by western blot analysis. Intracellular calcium was measured fluorimetrically using fura-2. Results Mechanical stimulation at moderate intensity (SM/SA) proved to be most efficient in terms of reducing production of matrix degrading enzyme and IL-6 expression. Treatment with diacerein by itself and diacerein in combination with SM/SA reduced phosphorylation of FAK and STAT3, which is more pronounced in OA cells. Pretreatment with diacerein for 7 days resulted in an increase in the sensitivity to Yoda1, the agonist for the mechanically activated ion channel Piezo1. However, in OA cells a significant reduction in Piezo1 expression was observed following treatment with diacerein. Conclusions Cyclic tensil strain can reduce matrix destroying enzymes, and when used in combination with diacerein, the activity of integrin signalling components is changed. The observed effects can be mainly attributed to diacerein’s capacity to modulate STAT3 and Piezo1, which are both potential targets to prevent the progression of OA. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Klebsielle Pneumoniae pathogène nosocomial, résistance et virulence

Dans la premiere partie du travail, suite a deux epidemies a K. pneumoniae productrices de carbapenemases, nous avons defini une strategie precise qui nous a permis de maitriser et de stopper la premiere epidemie et de tres rapidement controler la seconde. Des mesures similaires ont ete appliquees avec succes dans d'autres hopitaux en France, en Israel et aux USA. Ces deux epidemies etant liees a la diffusion de clone epidemique, nous avons etudie la prevalence des facteurs de virulence parmi une collection internationale de souches de K. pneumoniae multiresistantes aux antibiotiques. Nous avons pu etablir un lien entre resistance et virulence avec, en particulier une forte prevalence (42%) d'un ilot de pathogenicite portant la yersiniabactine, Ybts, qui joue essentiel dans l'expression du phenotype hyper-virulent de Yersinia sp. Dans la deuxieme partie, nous montrons que les souches de K. pneumoniae productrices de BLSE de type CTX-M-15, sont associees a des plasmides appartenant au groupe d'incompatibilite IncF alors que les plasmides portant les genes blaSHV et ceux portant les carbapenemases, sont moins bien caracterises et souvent non typables par la methode de PCR. Ces resultats incitent au sequencage des plasmides. Nous avons procede au sequencage et a l'annotation du premier plasmide portant a la fois KPC-2 et SHV-12 isole d'une souche de K. pneumoniae. Cette analyse nous a permis de mettre en evidence un nouveau groupe d'incompatibilite (IncX) implique pour la premiere fois dans la multiresistance chez K. pneumoniae. Nous avons pu montrer l'insertion du transposon Tn4401 (KPC) au sein du transposon portant la BLSE de type SHV-12
Interactions between xylem structure and water relations of Southern pines

of Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy INTERACTIONS BETWEEN XYLEM STRUCTURE AND WATER RELATIONS OF SOUTHERN PINES By Carlos A. González May 2009 Chair: Timothy A. Martin Major: Forest Resources and Conservation This dissertation focused on the study of xylem structure and water relations of three major species of Southern pines: loblolly (LO), longleaf (LL) and slash pine (SL). The study was divided in two principal areas: (1) assessment of water availability and genetic family effects on water relation traits, growth and wood properties of mid-rotation LO; and (2) characterize water relation traits and secondary xylem structure of mature LL and SL. For the first study, water availability was controlled by irrigation into two fast growing families, one from Atlantic Coastal Plain (SC) and the other composed by a mix of Florida families (FL). The second study was carried out in a naturally-regenerated mixed stand of mature LL and SL on a flatwood site in north-central Florida. For LO, increasing water availability via irrigation increased transpiration and stomatal conductance scaled at canopy level; whole-tree water conduction efficiency was maintained at high levels due to avoidance of xylem embolism. LO tends to maintain constant maximum water potential gradient from roots to shoots at a cost of loss of conductivity under water-limited conditions. The two genetic families evaluated showed differences in canopy conductance response to water-limited conditions: SC adjusted their overall canopy conductance in response to drought, while FL did not. At age 11, irrigation increased specific gravity and latewood
Ekstrak Daun Rumput Kebar (Biophytum petersianum) sebagai Antikapang Aspergillus flavus Toksigen dan Antiaflatoksin serta Aplikasinya Pada Sistem Pangan

Some fungal species are toxigenic, for example Aspergillus flavus which can produces aflatoxin. Various methods have been conducted to reduce aflatoxin contamination in foods, among others using antimicrobial compounds derived from natural plant extract. Kebar grass (Biophytum petersianum) is one of herbs that has potency as antimicrobe. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of three types of model media i.e. carbohydrateenriched media, fat-enriched media, and proteinenriched media containing kebar grass leaf extract on the growth of aflatoxigenic A. flavus. Kebar grass leaf extract at concentrations of 5, 10, and 20 mg mL -1 was extracted using various solvents, i.e. hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, hexane-ethyl acetate, hexane-ethyl acetatemethanol, and aquadest. The extracts were tested on the growth of A. flavus. The result showed that kebar grass leaf extract of hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol at concentration of 20 mg mL -1 in carbohydrate-enriched medium, fat-enriched medium, and protein-enriched medium caused highest growth inhibition of A. flavus compared to extracts, i.e. 96.2, 100, and 96.1%, respectively. The other extracts caused growth inhibition less than 90%. The results showed that kebar grass leaf extract can inhibit the growth of toxigenic A. flavus.