Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variations in pelagic bacterial communities in the North Atlantic Ocean coincide with water bodies

Physical and chemical characteristics define oceanographic regions. The potential for a distinct biogeography of bacterial communities in these oceanic provinces was studied in epi- pelagic and upper mesopelagic water bodies of the North Atlantic Ocean by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA genes and flow cytome- try. Water samples from 67° N to 34° N along the 30° W meridian contained epipelagic populations of Synechococcus in the north and Prochlorococcus in the south. Bacterial communities were gen- erally more diverse in phototrophic layers above the pycnocline. Communities significantly dif- fered in the epipelagic zone along the latitudinal transect through the different oceanic provinces and between the epipelagic and the upper mesopelagic zone. Differences in the T-RFLP patterns coincided well with differences in the physico-chemical conditions of the sampling sites. Changes in bacterial communities were traced to characteristic terminal restriction fragments (TRFs). In sil- ico assignments of phylogenetic groups to TRFs, e.g. populations of high-light and low-light eco- types of Prochlorococcus, supported our T-RFLP analysis of bacterial communities. Distinct bacte- rial communities in water bodies of the North Atlantic Ocean hosted different bacterial populations, which may serve as biological markers for oceanic provinces.
PAP and NT 5 E inhibit nociceptive neurotransmission by rapidly hydrolyzing nucleotides to adenosine Street

Background: Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and ecto-5’-nucleotidase (NT5E, CD73) produce extracellular adenosine from the nucleotide AMP in spinal nociceptive (pain-sensing) circuits; however, it is currently unknown if these are the main ectonucleotidases that generate adenosine or how rapidly they generate adenosine. Results: We found that AMP hydrolysis, when measured histochemically, was nearly abolished in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and lamina II of spinal cord from Pap/Nt5e double knockout (dKO) mice. Likewise, the antinociceptive effects of AMP, when combined with nucleoside transport inhibitors (dipyridamole or 5iodotubericidin), were reduced by 80-100% in dKO mice. In addition, we used fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) to measure adenosine production at subsecond resolution within lamina II. Adenosine was maximally produced within seconds from AMP in wild-type (WT) mice but production was reduced >50% in dKO mice, indicating PAP and NT5E rapidly generate adenosine in lamina II. Unexpectedly, we also detected spontaneous low frequency adenosine transients in lamina II with FSCV. Adenosine transients were of short duration (<2 s) and were reduced (>60%) in frequency in Pap, Nt5e and dKO mice, suggesting these ectonucleotidases rapidly hydrolyze endogenously released nucleotides to adenosine. Field potential recordings in lamina II and behavioral studies indicate that adenosine made by these enzymes acts through the adenosine A1 receptor to inhibit excitatory neurotransmission and nociception. Conclusions: Collectively, our experiments indicate that PAP and NT5E are the main ectonucleotidases that generate adenosine in nociceptive circuits and indicate these enzymes transform pulsatile or sustained nucleotide release into an inhibitory adenosinergic signal.
THERMAL COMFORT EFFECTS ON PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS RAISED IN NIGERIA

Physiological traits and growth performance of West African dwarf (WAD ) goats raised under hot-humid conditions were assessed, 12 growing WAD goats managed intensively were used for the study. Temperature and relative humidity of the farm were monitored across seasons (rain and dry) using thermo-hygrometer, the study was conducted during rainy and dry seasons to compare parameters in normal and heat stress conditions. Months of December, 2012 to February, 2013 were considered as the dry season, while the months of March, 2013 to May, 2013 were considered as the rainy season. Data obtained for temperature and relative humidity were used to develop an index for measuring thermal comfort level for the goats. Data were collected on growth performance and physiological characteristics of the goats. Rectal temperature and respiration rate were significantly affected (P<0.001) by temperature humidity index (THI). However, pulse rate was the only physiological trait of the goats that was not significantly affected (P>0.001) by THI. Also, the body weight and average daily gain of the goats significantly differed with increase in the THI. Rising ambient temperature and relative humidity as expressed in form of THI are associated with poor growth performance as well as adverse effects on physiological characteristics of the animals.
Animals on display: principles for interpreting captive wildlife

The goals of modern zoos include education, research, conservation and preservation. As tourism ventures, they also depend upon visitor enjoyment. To achieve these goals with people at leisure requires careful planning and interpretation. The exotic, fascinating and beautiful animals on display often trigger the curiosity, appreciation and respect that zoo staff are seeking to instill in visitors. However, it is important to assist visitors to interpret what they experience through accessible and interesting information. In addition, it is vital to avoid giving visitors incorrect or misleading information through presenting wildlife in a manner that is alien to their natural state. This paper reviews research to develop a set of principles for interpreting and displaying animals in captive environments such as zoos, sanctuaries and wildlife parks.
Short term load forecasting based on Internet of Things (IoT)

In the era of internet every device is getting connected to the internet. In this paper, we have assumed that IoT devices can share their power consumption history. Based on data points collected from real world environment we have conducted experiments to show that IoT can be used as a reliable backbone of a short term load forecasting system. In the experiment four machine learning algorithms Long Short-term Memory (LSTM), Support Vector Machines Regression (SVR), Decision Forest Regression with AdaBoost and Nearest Neighbors Regression were used to analyze the performance of the load forecasting system. In the experiment Long Short Term Memory Network has given comparatively better result than other three machine learning algorithm with a root mean square error of 1.82.
Generation of stable engineered chromosomes in soybean

A system for engineering plant chromosomes has been developed to facilitate the introduction of novel genes into the plant genome. he system is based on the establishment of a unique genetic locus within the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) region of the host chromosome to provide a permissive environment for expression of the introduced genes of interest (GOI). he genetic locus can exist within an independent, fully functional “minichromosome” (MC) or as a segment of a modiied host chromosome (termed Engineered Trait Locus or ETL). he site-speciic integration of transgenes to the rDNA locus isolates them from other endogenous genes, an advantage over conventional transformation in which foreign genes are inserted randomly into the host genome. Furthermore, MCs or ETLs can confer stability and high expression of the transgenes, as demonstrated in mammalian systems. To evaluate this system in plants, several MC and ETL lines have been generated in soybean, an important crop used worldwide for protein and oil consumption. he characterization of a soybean line containing an MC demonstrates that 1) the MC is stable over multiple generations as well as in ield conditions, 2) maintaining the MC has no adverse phenotypic consequences, and 3) the MC can provide high-level expression of the introduced GOI.
Is the desire to eat familiar and unfamiliar meat products influenced by the emotions expressed on eaters ’ faces ?

The aim of the present study was to test if the social context represented by eaters’ faces expressing emotions can modulate the desire to eat meat, especially for unfamiliar meat products. Forty-four young men and women were presented with two series of photographs. The first series (non-social context) was composed of eight meat pictures, four unfamiliar and four familiar. The second series (social context) consisted of the same pictures presented with eaters expressing three different emotions: disgust, pleasure or neutrality. For every picture, the participants were asked to estimate the intensity of their desire to eat the meat product viewed on the picture. Results showed that meat desire depended on interactions between product familiarity, social context and the participant’s gender. In the non-social context, the men liked the familiar meat products more than the women, whereas their desire to eat unfamiliar meat products was similar. Compared to the non-social context, viewing another person eating with a neutral and a happy facial expression increased the desire to eat. Furthermore, the increase in the desire to eat meat associated with happy faces was greater for the unfamiliar than for the familiar meat products in men, and greater for the familiar than for the unfamiliar meats in women. In the presence of disgusted faces, the desire to eat meat remained constant for unfamiliar products in all participants whereas it only decreased for familiar products in men. r 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The phenomenon of social networks and the effectiveness of Facebook page measuring ( the case of Slovakia )

The authors aim to identify the latest opinions regarding theoretical backgrounds of the current review of available platforms in the field of social media with a focus on social networks and how companies can use them for marketing communications. At the same time, the authors present the evaluation of the effectiveness of communication activities of Slovnaft. Slovnaft is a part of MOL Group and one of the key businesses in the Slovak market. It is also an integrated refinery and petrochemical plant, which is among the key industrial business entities in Slovakia. The evaluation is based on data of Facebook, the most famous social network, through LikeAlyzer portal, which allows us to compare Slovnaft results with its largest competitor in the Slovak market OMV Slovakia. The results of the analysis demonstrate the level of effectiveness of communication activities of Slovnaft on the Facebook page as the current phenomenon in the market of social media from the perspective of consumers with regard to the technology options for the assessment of the companies’ communication activities effectiveness in the application of their innovative forms. The research was conducted in May, 2016. According to the data obtained from its Facebook, Slovnaft has more than 51,000 «likes» and its marketing communication, exercised through the social network Facebook, is set effectively within evaluations, overcoming its competitors.
INHIBITIVE AND ADSORPTION PROPERTIES OF PUNICA GRANATUM EXTRACT ON BRASS IN ACID MEDIA

The inhibition efficacy of Punica granatum extract on the corrosion of Brass in 1N HCl has been studied by mass loss measurments at various time and temperature. The inhibition efficiency is markedly higher in HCl environment with addition of Punica granatum extract compared with those in the inhibitor free solution. The inhibition efficiency increased with increase of inhibitor concentration but decreased with rise in temperature and time. Based on the values of activation energy, free energy of adsorption and variation of inhibition efficiency with temperature, a physical adsorption mechanism is proposed for the adsorption of Punica granatum on the surface of Brass. It is found to follows Langmuir and Fremkin adsorption isotherms. The alcoholic extract of bio-inhibitor and the corrosion product (with inhibitor) is analysed by UV, IR and XRD studies leads to the bio-inhibitor as an adsorption inhibitor. Key words: Corrosion inhibition, Brass, Punica granatum , Isotherm P. Deepa Rani and S. Selvaraj. Inhibitive and Adsorption Properties of Punica granatum Extract on Brass in Acid Media. J Phytol 2/11 (2010) 58-64
Novel Defect Terminolgy Beside Evaluation And Design Fault Tolerant Logic Gates In Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata

Quantum dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is one of the important nano-level technologies for implementation of both combinational and sequential systems. QCA have the potential to achieve low power dissipation and operate high speed at THZ frequencies. However large probability of occurrence fabrication defects in QCA, is a fundamental challenge to use this emerging technology. Because of these various defects, it is necessary to obtain exhaustive recognition about these defects. In this paper a complete survey of different QCA faults are presented first. Then some techniques to improve fault tolerance in QCA circuits explained. The effects of missing cell as an important fault on XOR gate that is one of important basic building block in QCA technology is then discussed by exhaustive simulations. Improvement technique is then applied to these XOR structures and then structures are resimulated to measure their fault tolerance improvement due to using these fault tolerance technique. The result show that different QCA XOR gates have different sensitivity against this fault. After using improvement technique, the tolerance of XOR gates have been increased, furthermore in terms of sensitivity against this defect XORs show similar behavior that indicate the effectiveness of improvement have been made.
Reference Tracking of Nonlinear Dynamic Systems over AWGN Channel Using Describing Function

This paper presents a new technique for mean square asymptotic reference tracking of nonlineardynamic systems over Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel. The nonlinear dynamic systemhas periodic outputs to sinusoidal inputs and is cascaded with a bandpass filter acting as encoder.Using the describing function method, the nonlinear dynamic system is represented by an equivalentlinear dynamic system. Then, for this system, a mean square asymptotic reference tracking techniqueincluding an encoder, decoder and a controller is presented. It is shown that the proposed referencetracking technique results in mean square asymptotic reference tracking of nonlinear dynamic systemsover AWGN channel. The satisfactory performance of the proposed reference tracking technique isillustrated using practical example simulations.
Effect of Extreme Light Regime on Production and Characteristics of Egg in Laying Geese

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of long light regime (20 h light and 4 h dark, 20L:4D) and short light regime (4 h light and 20 h dark, 4L:20D) on egg production and egg characteristics of laying geese. Thirty-six laying birds, 4 replicates of 3 birds per treatment were allotted to three light regimes, i.e., 20L:4D, 4L:20D, and natural light (NAT) from March 7 to June 20. Results showed that the geese in 20L:4D consumed 54 g less feed per goose daily and laid 17.5 less eggs per goose (p<0.05) comparing to those in 4L:20D. The number of days from initiation of light treatment till cease of laying was 22 days shorter (p<0.05) in 20L:4D comparing to that in NAT. Five geese (41.7%) in 4L:20D kept laying by the end of applying light regime. Weight and surface area of the eggs in 4L:20D were greater (p<0.05) comparing to those in the other two light regimes. It is concluded that the period of egg production in goose could be manipulated by light regime in the ways such as using short light regime of 4 h light daily to prolong egg production through summer and using long light regime of 20 h light daily to induce cease of egg production. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2002. Vol 15, No. 8 : 1182-1185)
Electrical double layer at the Cu2O/aqueous solution of alkali metal chlorides interface

Cuprite, copper oxide (I), is commonly found as an oxidation product of copper sulphides in the upper zones of copper deposits. This oxide in a dispersion form has found wide application. The structure of its double layer at copper oxide/electrolyte solution interface was not described yet because of its relatively high solubility and redox reactions. Experiments, presented in the paper, were performed on the copper oxide sample obtained by reduction of alkaline solution of copper(II) acetate by glucose. Surface charge density measurements were taken by potentiometric titrations taking into account solubility of the oxide. Zeta potential versus pH was calculated from electrophoretic measurements of the Cu2O in 1:1 electrolyte solutions of alkali metal chlorides. Adsorption density of the background electrolyte was measured as a function of pH. To avoid CuCl precipitation all measurements were taken at concentrations lower than 0.001M of Cl. Basing on surface charge density versus pH dependence the ionization and complexation reaction constants were calculated.
Optical sensing of mercury using fluorescent silver and gold nanoclusters

In this study, gold and silver nanoclusters were employed for optical sensing of mercury. Nanoclusters used in this research had different chemical properties and showed different interactions with mercury producing specific optical responses including UV-Vis absorbance and f luorescence. These responses were quantitatively studied in the solution phase. The sensitive methods developed in this study were tested using mercury standards and accurate and precise results were obtained. Optical responses could also be monitored by naked eye. Finally, portable and simple glass fiber pads were developed for mercury sensing.
WAGE STRUCTURE, INEQUALITY AND SKILL-BIASED CHANGE: IS ITALY AN OUTLIER?

This paper investigates the relation between wage structure, inequality and skill-biased change in Italy between 1993 and 2004. Using a quantile decomposition analysis, we point out that changes in wage structure are mainly driven by the negative coefficients component, which represents also one of driving force of the trends of wage inequality. This evidence suggests that the changes in wage structure in Italy can hardly be explained referring to a skill-biased change explanation. Evidence that is further reinforced by a set of descriptive statistics showing that the increasing educational attainments of the workforce might have been crowded out by a stable trend in the demand for skills.
Microencapsulation: A Promising Technique to Reduce the Environmental Contamination by Antibiotics

The massive and irrational consumption of antibiotics for several decades, combined with their high rates of excretion as parental compounds, is becoming a serious problem once it leads to an increasing concentration of antibiotics in active form in the environment. This is becoming progressively more alarming due to development and spread of antibiotic resistance, that leads to the lack of functions of these drugs that once saved millions of lives. Thus, microencapsulation of antibiotics may be a promising solution to this problem. With this technique the amount of the administered antibiotic required to cure the infections is reduced, since it allows less drug doses and a small amount per dose. In this work, metronidazole (MNZ) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) loaded ethylcellulose microparticles were prepared by double emulsion solvent evaporation technique (w/o/w). UVVis spectrophotometry methods for MNZ and SMX determination were developed and validated. The methods presented good linearity with correlation coefficients greater than 0.995, and good precision results with coefficients of variation values lower than 5%. In case of MNZ, the limits of detection were 1.29 mg/L for PBS pH 2 and 0.92 mg/L for PBS pH 7, while the limits of quantification were 4.30 mg/L and 3.06 mg/L, respectively. For SMX, the limits of detection were 1.19 mg/L for PBS pH 2 and 0.37 mg/L for PBS pH 7, while the limits of quantification were 3.97 mg/L and 0.92 mg/L, respectively. It was concluded that is possible to encapsulate MNZ and SMX using ethylcellulose through a double emulsion process. The product yield was 71.4% for MNZ and 95.7% for SMX. Drug loadings of 1.1% for MNZ and 7.8% for SMX were obtained and encapsulation efficiency was 4.6% in case of MNZ and 32.1% in case of SMX. SEM analysis revealed round microparticles with smooth and porous surface and mean particle sizes of 0.50 μm (SMX) and 1.26 μm (MNZ) were obtained. In vitro release studies in PBS buffer at pH 2 and pH 7 showed a first initial burst release, a constant sustained release of the remaining antibiotic, and a constant concentration after complete release of antibiotic. MNZ microparticles exhibited, for both pH values, a fast initial release (≈ 80% after 3 h) and a sustained behavior until complete MNZ release at around 20 h. In case of SMX loaded ethylcellulose microparticles, different release profiles were observed for the two studied pH values. At pH 2, SMX microparticles showed a slower release profile, reaching low % of release (≈ 40% after 2 h). It means that these microparticles are a good approach for the delivery of SMX in the gastrointestinal tract, once the antibiotic is not significantly released in the stomach. Regarding pH 7, SMX microparticles exhibited a fast initial release (≈ 30% after 15 min) and it was observed 80% of release after 5 h. Complete SMX release occurred at around 16 h. In the future, the development of safe and efficient microencapsulation techniques for antibiotics will require in-depth investigations of both the biological and technological fields.
Growth performances, carcasses parameters and meat fatty acid composition of lamb fed green oak acorns (Quercus ilex) based diet.

The aim of this experiment is to compare the effects of diets containing green oak acorns (GO) and barley (BL) on the growth performances, carcasses parameters and the composition in fatty acids of lambs. Two groups of five lambs each were fed, respectively, during 105 days with diets containing 50% of oaks acorns and 50% of barley. At the end of the test, the animals of the two diets expressed comparable body weights and weight gain. A significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed for the thickness of fat cover which is 3 mm for the BL group against 1.6 mm for GO group even if no significant difference was revealed concerning the output with slaughtering. The intramuscular lipids were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the group of animals fed with GO diet compared to the BL diet (3.88 vs 2.83 g.100-1 g of muscle). Among the saturated fatty acids (SFA), the stearic acid significantly appeared in higher proportion (P < 0.05) in GO diet (20.8 vs 18.1%) whereas the palmitic acid is prevalent in the group of animals fed with the BL diet (25 vs 30%). For the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), no significant difference was observed between the two groups. The linoleic acid is prevalent among the PUFA of two groups without significant difference. The linolenic acid is higher in the animal fed BL. The n-6: n-3 ratio is higher in the BL group (8.9 vs 7.3). At the end, the low level of incorporation of PUFA in muscle of the lamb because of biohydrogenation, suggests us supplementing the diet by green grass.