Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gastric Cryptosporidiosis in Snakes, a Review

Abstract Cryptosporidium is a genus of unicellular parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa, which includes well-known genera such as Eimeria and Toxoplasma. Cryptosporidium can persist in the environment for prolonged periods as oocysts. Cryptosporidium serpentis can cause severe, life-threatening gastric disease in snakes known as gastric cryptosporidiosis. This review will provide an overview on the existing knowledge of the biology of the parasite, explain the current treatment and management options for gastric cryptosporidiosis, and describe a synopsis of current and next-generation approaches that could spearhead further research in combating C. serpentis in snakes.
Adapting estimation methods of daily solar radiation for crop modelling applications in Canada

Abstract: Estimating daily solar radiation from common meteorological variables plays an important role in agricultural applications, such as driving crop growth models. Relatively simple and accurate estimation methods, which use only daily air temperature together with precipitation, are often required. Based on all available solar radiation data across Canada, the most common and representative solar radiation models were evaluated. All estimation models provided more accurate estimates, in terms of all performance statistics used in this study, than those extracted directly from a high-resolution global dataset of meteorological forcings for land surface modelling. The DS model adapted from one originally developed for the Canadian Prairies performed better than other representative models for all stations. The DS model was then adapted for regional use in southern Canada, mostly the major agricultural regions. We compared simulated crop yields using the CSM–CERES–wheat and CSM–CROPGRO–canola models driven by observed and estimated daily solar radiation data, and we found a difference of approximately 5% for spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and 12% for canola (Brassica napus L.). Based on the results for two locations under different climate regimes with relatively long records (45 and 40 yr, respectively) of solar radiation data, the models using daily temperature range and precipitation were found to be robust for daily solar radiation estimation for the entire time periods of the data records.
Influence of feedlot manure amendments on runoff hydrology and sediment loss during transition between continuous and legacy phases

Abstract: Little research has been conducted on the effect of beef feedlot manure amendments on runoff hydrology and soil loss during the transition between continuous and legacy application phases. We conducted a 6 yr (2013–2018) study and utilized surface (0–5 cm) soil collected from a long-term (since 1998) field experiment on a clay loam soil in southern Alberta, Canada. The treatments were stockpiled or composted feedlot manure with straw (ST) or wood-chip (WD) bedding applied at 13, 39, and 77 Mg ha-1 (dry weight). There was also an unamended control and inorganic fertilized treatment (IN). Disturbed surface soil was collected from all treatments after 15 (C15), 16 (C16), and 17 (C17) continual annual applications (2013–2015), and then 1 (L1), 2 (L2), and 3 (L3) yr (2016–2018) after manure applications were discontinued in 2015. The soil was packed into runoff trays, and a Guelph rainfall simulator (70 mm h-1) was used to generate 30 min of runoff. The time to runoff, total runoff depth, and flow-weighted mean concentrations (FWMCs) and mass loads of total suspended solids (TSS) were determined. Mean values of runoff variables were significantly greater for ST than WD in certain years for time to runoff (by 28%–127%), runoff depth (44%), TSS FWMCs (58%–137%), and FWMC loads (28%–230%). Mean TSS was generally significantly greater at the two lower than highest manure rates for FWMC (48%–135%) and loads (21%–253%). Overall, choice of bedding material showed the most potential to maximize infiltration and reduce water and sediment loss.
Immune Responses Contribute to Depression, Fatigue, and Pain in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients

Depression, fatigue, and pain are prevalent and distressing quality of life concerns for individuals recovering from hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Recent research in other cancer populations suggests inflammatory cytokines can activate central nervous system pathways, evoking adverse behavioral responses including depressed mood, fatigue, and pain. We hypothesized that inflammatory responses also contribute to these symptoms among HSCT recipients. Participants (24 allogeneic and 68 autologous transplant recipients) completed well-validated measures of depressive symptoms, fatigue, and pain prior to transplant and 30, 100, and 200 days post-transplant. Circulating proinflammatory (IL-6, TNFI±) and regulatory (IL-10) cytokines were measured by ELISA in peripheral blood plasma at the same time points. Subject-level fixed effects and mixed effects linear regression models were employed to examine relationships between cytokine levels and quality of life assessments. Results indicated that depression and fatigue were most severe 30 days post-transplant, with allogeneic recipients showing markedly slower improvement than autologous recipients at later assessments. Pain did not change significantly over time. Among individual patients, changes in IL-6 levels across the assessment points were associated with corresponding changes in depressive symptoms (t = 2.0, p = .048), fatigue (t = 2.7, p = .008), and pain (t = 2.0, p = .048), after adjusting for the effects of time since transplant. Similarly, participants with elevated IL-6 levels reported more severe depression (z = 2.9, p = .004), fatigue (z = 2.9, p = .004), and pain (z = 3.0 p = .003) compared to participants with low/normal IL-6 levels. All models adjusted for graft type and recipient's age. Similar relationships were seen for IL-10, while TNFI± was not significantly associated with symptoms. Results provide evidence for a novel biobehavioral pathway by which inflammatory processes secondary to treatment and/or treatment-related complications may contribute to depression, fatigue, and pain among HSCT recipients. Findings may assist health care providers in identifying patients at risk for this constellation of symptoms. This abstract is one of the 20 highest scoring abstracts of those submitted for presentation at the 36th Annual ASPO meeting held March 4–6, 2012, in Washington, DC.
Nursing Simulation: It's Not Just for Skills Anymore

Ever since “Mrs. Chase” in 1911 nursing education has utilized the mannequin for skills (Herrmann, 2008). The earliest mannequins in nursing were used for transfers, positioning, and other non-invasive skills & learning activities. Following the lead of medicine, especially anesthesiology (Jeffries, 2012), they were now being used for the training of nurses instead of doctors. The mannequins used were very low fidelity and were literally dolls, but quickly became useful for CPR training, skills demonstrations, practice, and testing while maintaining the all important patient safety (Ulrich & Mancini, 2014). They were often just skills trainers or partial torsos with an orifice/lumen to accommodate a tube’s insertion.
Assessment and Faculty Support: Fostering Collegial Community to Strengthen Professional Practice

ABSTRACT:At its best, the assessment process can inspire meaningful and authentic conversations among faculty about their practice as teachers, about their students as learners, and about their hopes and frustrations with both. However, in the literature on assessment there is little attention given to how departments or universities can foster these conditions. In the experience of the authors, assessment’s potential will not be realized without faculty support, and faculty support is most effective when guided by assessment. The success of both relies on a culture that respects faculty expertise and encourages inquiry and vulnerability. This article describes the history and current practice of assessment and faculty support in University Studies, a general education program at Portland State University. It reflects on the tension between authentic, faculty-engaged inquiry and approaches that call for quick change and accountability. It also considers the challenges of practicing assessment and faculty support with faculty representing a range of professional ranks and spanning multiple colleges and departments. Finally, it offers examples of assessment and faculty support efforts that foster collegial communities and critical reflection on individual and program-level practices.
Impacts of Congenital Deafness on Language and Cognitive Development of Primary Schools Deaf Students in Addis Ababa

Abstract:This study explores the effects of congenitally profound deafness on language and cognitive development of deaf students in primary schools, in Addis Ababa. A qualitative case study design was used to investigate the problem by selecting four deaf students, their mothers and two teachers using purposive sampling. Interview was employed as the main instrument for collecting data from participants of the study and observation and focus group discussion were used to supplement data obtained through interviews. Data were analysed using themes and narrations. The outcomes of the study suggest that the language and cognitive development of deaf students were significantly limited due mainly to the inadequacy of the socio-linguistic environment provided for them. It is, therefore, essential to understand deaf students properly and help parents, school administration and teachers to provide the environment suitable for them to obtain better education.
High-Frequency Return-Implied Volatility Relationship: Empirical Evidence from Nifty and India VIX

ABSTRACT:The risk-return trade-off is a fundamental query in financial literature. Theories envisage the relationship to be positive in long run. However, empirical evidence suggests that the relationship is negative in short-run. This paper investigates the short-term relationship of risk-return using model-free implied-volatility as a proxy for risk. The relationship is tested by employing high-frequency five-minute interval data of return and model-free implied volatility. Previous studies argue three competing hypotheses to elucidate the short-term relationship. Leverage hypothesis and volatility-feedback hypothesis are founded on the causality of the relationship between return and volatility. Recent developments of the behavioural finance offer explanations based on existing biases of the market participants. This study examines the short-run relationship considering these three competing hypotheses. The Vector Auto regression (VAR) is employed to test the traditional leverage and volatility-feedback hypotheses. The VAR predicts unidirectional relationship in favour of leverage hypothesis, albeit inconclusive in case of extreme distributions of these two time-series. The exploratory analysis of intra-day behaviour of return and implied-volatility in a short interval of reveal that VAR methodology is inadequate to elicit the extreme behaviour of the relationship. The quantile regression framework captures the relationship in the extreme movements of return and model-free implied-volatility. The relationship elicits that traditional hypotheses namely leverage and volatility-feedback are inadequate to capture the complete spectrum of the dynamic relationship between these two time-series. Rather, results from quantile regressions reveal that the explanation of the relationship is improved considering recently developed behavioural hypotheses. The study gathers support for the affect's heuristics of behavioural theory in which traders react differently to positive and negative returns. The negative innovation in returns are the most significant factors for the sharp rise of India VIX, indicating the consistency of the behavioural explanation. The study reveals that the short-term relationship between risk-return is not only negative but also asymmetric. Among the three competitive hypotheses, the behavioural hypothesis best explicates the negative and asymmetric relationship between risk and return.
Erweiterte Charakterisierung substratspezifischer Effekte genetischer Polymorphismen im organischen Kationentransporter OCT1

Der humane organische Kationentransporter (OCT1) ist stark genetisch variabel. Genetische Polymorphismen konnen zu interindividuellen Unterschieden in der hepatischen Aufnahme von Medikamenten fuhren. Dadurch konnen Unterschiede in der hepatischen Elimination und in der systemischen Blutplasmakonzentration resultieren. Etwa 9% der deutschen Bevolkerung sind Trager zweier inaktiver OCT1-Allele (poor OCT1 transporter). OCT1 ist ein polyspezifischer Transporter. Er kann Substrate mit stark unterschiedlichen Strukturen erkennen und uber die Plasmamembran der Hepatozyten transportieren. Anderseits sind geringfugige Veranderungen der Struktur ausreichend, damit das Molekul nicht mehr durch OCT1 als Substrat erkannt und transportiert wird. Die zugrundeliegenden Mechanismen sind aber kaum bekannt. Ziel dieser Arbeit war, durch systematische Mutationsanalysen neue Erkenntnisse zu den zugrundeliegenden Mechanismen der Polyspezifitat des OCT1-Transporters zu gewinnen. Es wurden die Effekte von 20 genetischen OCT1-Varianten auf die Aufnahme der acht OCT1-Substrate untersucht. Im Anschluss wurden anhand der generierten Daten zweidimensionale Clusteringanalysen (genetische Varianten vs. Substrate) durchgefuhrt. Es konnten zwei grose Substratcluster generiert werden (Substratgruppe A und Substratgruppe B). Bei der Substratgruppe A (Morphin, Fenoterol, Sumatriptan, ASP+, Ranitidin, Debrisoquin und MPP+) fuhrten die genetischen Varianten von OCT1 zu geringen Funktionseinschrankungen. Bei der Substratgruppe B (Metformin, Tropisetron, Zolmitriptan, TEA+, Monocrotalin, Tyramin und O-Desmethyltramadol) kam es dahingegen zu starken OCT1-Funktionseinschrankungen. Cycloguanil konnte weder Substratgruppe A noch B zugeordnet werden und stellt die erste Substanz einer Substratgruppe C dar. Das Vorliegen von drei verschiedenen Substratgruppen ist ein Hinweis auf die Existenz von verschiedenen polyspezifischen Bindungstaschen. Zukunftig mussen aber weitere genetische OCT1-Varianten und Medikamente umfassend untersucht werden. Dies kann ein Mehrgewinn fur die medikamentose Behandlung von Patienten darstellen, der vor allem im Rahmen einer personalisierten Medizin ausgenutzt werden kann. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit geben einen Hinweis darauf, dass in Zukunft optimale Dosisempfehlungen fur Pharmaka nur auf der Grundlage der zuvor bestimmten OCT1-Aktivitat gegeben werden konnen.
PATRONES ALIMENTARIOS EN EMBARAZADAS DE BAJO PESO DE LA REGIÓN METROPOLITANA FEEDING PATTERNS OF UNDERWEIGHT PREGNANT WOMEN FROM THE METROPOLITAN REGION

The aim of this study was to determine food and nutrient intake of underweight pregnant women of the SouthEast Metropolitan Region. We studied 411 pregnant women attending health control clinics in years 2002 to 2004. Dietary intake was determined by a 24-hour recall taken at home in week 20 and 35 by trained nutritionists. Nutrient intake was analyzed using the software Food Processor 7.9, and compared with the recommended servings from the Ministry of Health. Baseline characteristics (mean ± SD): age 23.8 ± 5.4 years, weight 49.3 ± 4.7 kg, height 156.9 ± 5.9 cm, gestational age 11.5 ± 3, 7 weeks. Compared with the recommendations the intake of energy and macronutrients was adequate while the intake of vitamin A, C, E and B6, calcium and zinc were 75% of the recommendations. The intake of omega-3 fatty acids averaged 61 ± 50 and 71 ± 24 mg/day in week 20 and 35, respectively, a sixth of the NIH recommendation. Deficient intakes were found for dairy products, fruits, vegetables and meats, however there was a higher intake of cereals. Conclusions: The nutrient intake of pregnant women in this group is insufficient in several micronutrients, resulting from inadequate food intake; this should be correc ted by improving the quality of their diet or other measures such as supplementation with these micronutrients.
Applications and perspectives of chitosan as functional biopolymer; an extended review

Chitosan, a deacetylated derivative of chitin, has gained high importance for its nontoxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability and antioxidant properties. The main objective of this review is to explore various applications of chitosan in different fields of life. It is used in food preservatives or coating material in natural origin due to its antimicrobial activity and film forming prpoerties. Chitosan-based coatings are made up by the combination of chitosan with organic, inorganic or with non-coating materials which includes gas fumigation, heat treatment and hypobaric treatment. It is used in various biomedical applications such as wound dressings, antibacterial coatings, tissue engineering scaffolds, drug delivery, stent coatings, biosensors and membrane seprations. Chitosan is a biopolymer which have different functional properties including enhacnced gelling properties, treatment of seafood industry effluent, drug compounds from aqua culture and sea food and nanocarrier abilities for bioactive compounds. Chitosan is also used for nasal formulations because of its efficient mucoadhesive properties including greater convenience, stability and long-term availability of drug in nasal cavity. Chitosan and its derivatives are used in nanocarriers for drug/ gene delivery or other healthcare purposes, due to their efficient hydrophilic properties.
Beyond Born–Oppenheimer theory for spectroscopic and scattering processes

We review our development on beyond Born–Oppenheimer (BBO) theory and its implementation on various models and realistic molecular processes as carried out over the last 15 years. The theoretical formulation leading to the BBO equations are thoroughly discussed with ab initio calculations. We have employed first principle based BBO theory not only to formulate single surface extended Born–Oppenheimer equation to understand the nature of nonadiabatic effect but also to construct accurate diabatic potential energy surfaces (PESs) for important spectroscopic systems, namely, NO radical, Na and K clusters, NO radical, benzene and 1,3,5-trifluorobenzene radical cations ( and ) as well as triatomic reactive scattering systems like and . The nonadiabatic phenomena like Jahn–Teller (JT), Renner–Teller, pseudo Jahn–Teller effects and the accidental conical intersections are the key players in dictating spectroscopic and reactive scattering profiles. The nature of diabatic coupling elements derived from ab initio data with BBO theory for molecular processes in Franck-Condon region has been analysed in the context of linearly and bilinearly coupled JT model Hamiltonian. The results obtained from quantum dynamical calculations on BBO based diabatic PESs of the above molecular systems are found to be in accord with available experimental outcomes.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Misinterpretation and Misrepresentation of Active Detection and Isolation

during the study period. A regional survey on MRSA performed in 2005 by the Public Health Authorities revealed that the prevalence of MRSA carriage in the randomly sampled general population was 0.08% (2 of 2500 individuals), 2–3fold lower than the prevalence in our study [5]. The prevalence of MRSA carriage of 0.2% at our ICU is markedly lower than the 6.9% observed by Lucet et al. [6] among 2400 screened patients in 14 ICUs in France in 2003. We consider the approach of active selective screening of patients to be useful in a high-risk department such as the ICU, because active surveillance has been shown to decrease the incidence of MRSA infection elsewhere [7]. Active surveillance has prevented outbreaks in our ICU, after 3 outbreaks of infection due to multidrug-resistant bacteria in the years before its implementation. The 0.2% prevalence of MRSA among patients on admission to our ICU was 7-fold higher than that found during a previous screening for MRSA among hospital-admitted patients performed 5 years earlier elsewhere in The Netherlands, which demonstrated a low prevalence rate of 0.03% [8]. Weighing the costs of a prescreening program for all or for a selected group of hospital-admitted patients versus the cost of unexpected epidemics will be necessary to optimize or refine a prevention strategy. The current MRSA policy has been reconfirmed recently by a report released by The Netherlands National Health Council in November 2006 [9]. McGinigle et al. [1] defined the Dutch policy as the most aggressive approach and not one that is generally applicable in other settings. In view of the calculated higher costs of early closures of our ICU versus the cost of our targeted admission culture-screening program, our goal was fulfilled in the department most susceptible to MRSA outbreaks, the ICU.
Thiosulfonates as Emerging Reactants: Synthesis and Applications

The synthetic strategies towards thiosulfonates (RSO2SR1) are comprehensively reviewed from their original discovery to recent advances. Incorporation of the green credentials of the synthetic procedures towards thiosulfonates allows one to judge the merits of the state of the art, beyond the typical yield of a product and availability of the reactants. As reactant for organic transformations, thiosulfonates are particularly interesting given their possibility to react with nucleophiles, electrophiles and radicals. This review aims to give researchers, not familiar with the field, a good understanding of the general applications of thiosulfonates, while not skipping the recent important advances. The related, but less explored, selenosulfonates (RSO2SeR1) are also covered. (Figure presented.).
Associations of Weight-Based Teasing and Emotional Well-being Among Adolescents

Background Verbal harassment, such as bullying and hate speech, has received considerable attention recently, but less is known about weight-based teasing and its potential harmful effects on young people's psychosocial well-being. Objective To determine the associations of weight-based teasing and body satisfaction, self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts using a large sample of adolescents. Design Secondary analysis of survey and anthropometric data. Setting Ethnically and socioeconomically diverse communities in the urban and suburban school districts of the Minneapolis/St Paul metropolitan area. Participants A school-based sample of 4746 adolescents in grades 7 to 12 at 31 public middle schools and high schools. Main Outcome Measures Weight-based teasing from peers or family members, body satisfaction, self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Results Of the eligible students, 81.5% participated; 30.0% of adolescent girls and 24.7% of adolescent boys were teased by peers, and 28.7% of adolescent girls and 16.1% of adolescent boys were teased by family members. Approximately 14.6% of adolescent girls and 9.6% of adolescent boys reported teasing from both of these sources. Teasing about body weight was consistently associated with low body satisfaction, low self-esteem, high depressive symptoms, and thinking about and attempting suicide, even after controlling for actual body weight. These associations held for adolescent boys and girls, across racial, ethnic, and weight groups. Furthermore, teasing from 2 sources was associated with a higher prevalence of emotional health problems than either teasing from a single source or no teasing. Conclusions Physicians and other health care providers should recognize the importance of weight-based teasing for young patients. Policy, programs, and education should focus on increasing awareness of what constitutes weight-based teasing, its potentially harmful effects on adolescents' emotional well-being, and reduction of this behavior.