Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nutrition and the Patient with Cancer

Previous papers in this symposium have been concerned largely with nutrition as a factor in the aetiology of cancer. It is right that we should be concerned with these aspects of the problem for a large proportion of oncological disease is environmentally induced and therefore at least potentially preventable. This is the more urgent for our attention because the results of treatment are far from good, at least for the more common kinds. Treatment of breast cancer, for instance, is scarcely more successful now in terms of five year, and certainly in terms of ten year, survival than it was forty years ago. It is equally urgent that we consider the nutrition of the patient with cancer, for the successful treatment of the disease is of little consequence if the patient dies of malnutrition in the process. Moreover, it may be that nutrition, and possibly individual nutrients, may be exploited to increase the effectiveness of treatment and that nutrition can therefore play an adjuvant role in the treatment of the disease.
The Spatial Distribution of Commodity Housing and Price in Nanjing Based on the Spatial Analysis

Based on the commodity housing information of Nanjing city in 2007, this paper analyzed the developing situation and the agglomeration characteristics of Nanjing’s commodity housing, and did some research on its spatial distribution by using the methods of trend surface analysis and spatial interpolation. Then, this paper summarized the spatial characteristics of commodity housing price, and discussed the major influencing factors of price spatial distribution.
How I would manage a woman with COPD who is symptomatic but at low risk of an exacerbation: a primary care perspective from the UK.

A 61 year-old lady is concerned about her increasing breathlessness. When she retired last year from her job as a secretary she was looking forward to gardening, and joining in activities with her grandchildren. She has discovered that anything more than gentle exercise makes her breathless and she has to stop for rest. COPD was first diagnosed 10 years ago and spirometry last year recorded an FEV1/FVC ratio of 0.45 and a post-bronchodilator FEV1 of 55% predicted. After nearly 40 years of smoking between 10 and 20 cigarettes a day, she managed to quit a few months ago, but this has not made any apparent difference. Her only prescription is a short-acting β2-agonist.
Progress in scanning electron microscopy of frozen-hydrated biological specimens.

Modern scanning electron microscopy yields structural information down to 2 to 5 nm from thin, beam transparent biological specimens. This paper examines the possibilities of garnering this level of structural information from bulk, frozen-hydrated samples. Freeze-fractured, frozen-hydrated yeast cells, frequently taken as a yardstick to monitor progress in low-temperature scanning electron microscopy, have been used to optimize both metal shadowing methods and observation parameters (e.g. accelerating voltage, electron beam irradiation of the specimen). Uncoated frozen-hydrated yeast cells do not change electrically at an accelerating voltage of 30 kV. Increasing charging effects are however observed with decreasing accelerating voltages. Very thin metal films are therefore used for specimen coating to localize and enhance the specific secondary electron signal. Planar-magnetron sputtering of a 1 nm metal layer provides high resolution secondary electron images, at 30 kV, of freeze-fractured, frozen-hydrated yeast cells in an in-lens field-emission scanning electron microscope. Structural information comparable to that of transmission electron microscopy of freeze-fractures is attained. Planar-magnetron sputtering of either chromium, tungsten or platinum results in essentially the same information density (smallest visible significant structural detail). Frozen-hydrated samples are very beam sensitive and have to be observed under minimum dose conditions.
Apolipoprotein B Sequence Requirements for Hepatic Very Low Density Lipoprotein Assembly

We studied the structural requirements of apolipoprotein (apo) B for assembly of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) using rat hepatoma McA-RH7777 cells expressing human apoB (h-apoB). Recombinant h-apoB48, like endogenous rat apoB48 (r-apoB48), was secreted as VLDL in addition to high density lipoproteins (HDL) by transfected cells, indicating that the N-terminal 48% of apoB contains sequences sufficient for VLDL assembly. Truncation of the C terminus of h-apo-B48 to -B42 or -B37 had little effect on the ability of apoB to assemble VLDL, whereas truncation to -B34 or -B29 markedly diminished or abolished VLDL formation. None of the truncations affected the integration of apoB into HDL. To determine whether the ability to assemble VLDL is governed by apoB length or by sequences beyond apoB29, we created chimeric proteins that contained human apoA-I and a segment derived from between the C-terminal 29 and 34%, 34 and 37%, or 37 and 42% of apoB100. The resulting chimeras, namely AI/B29-34, AI/B34-37, and AI/B37-42, were secreted by the transfected cells as lipoproteins with buoyant density (d < 1.006 g/ml), electrophoretic mobility (pre-β), and size characteristics of human plasma VLDL. The chimeras could assemble discrete VLDL particles devoid of endogenous r-apoB100, and could actively recruit triglycerides and phospholipids into the lipoproteins. However, these chimeras were secreted inefficiently. Pulse-chase analysis showed that less than 5% of the newly synthesized AI/B proteins were secreted, and more than 70% was degraded intracellularly. Degradation of the chimeras could be blocked by the cysteine protease inhibitor N-acetyl-leucyl-leucyl-norleucinal, but the treatment did not enhance their secretion. Protease protection analysis of microsomes isolated from transfected cells indicated that >65% of AI/B chimeras (compared with <25% of r-apoB100) were inaccessible to exogenous trypsin. These data suggest that the recruitment of large quantities of triglycerides during VLDL formation is not governed simply by apoB length, but is mediated by short hydrophobic sequences ranging from 152 to 237 amino acids (3-5%) of apoB. The existence of multiple such hydrophobic sequences within apoB48 may facilitate efficient assembly of hepatic VLDL particles.
Colorimetric assay method for determination of the tannin acyl hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.20) activity.

A new colorimetric method of tannase (tannin acyl hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.20) assay has been developed using its specific substrate tannic acid. It is based on the changes in optical density of substrate tannic acid after enzymatic reaction at 530 nm. The residual tannic acid was measured by a modified BSA precipitation method. This assay is very simple, reproducible, and very convenient, and with it tannase activity can be measured in relation to the growth of the organism.
A hazardous profession: war, journalists, and psychopathology.

OBJECTIVE War journalists often confront situations of extreme danger in their work. Despite this, information on their psychological well-being is lacking. METHOD The authors used self-report questionnaires to assess 140 war journalists, who recorded symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (with the Impact of Event Scale-Revised), depression (with the Beck Depression Inventory-II), and psychological distress (with the 28-item General Health Questionnaire). To control for stresses generic to all journalism, the authors used the same instruments to assess 107 journalists who had never covered war. A second phase of the study involved interviews with one in five journalists from both groups, using the Structured Clinical Interview for Axis I DSM-IV Disorders. RESULTS The rates of response to the self-report questionnaires were approximately 80% for both groups. There were no demographic differences between groups. Both male and female war journalists had significantly higher weekly alcohol consumption. The war journalists had higher scores on the Impact of Event Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory. Their lifetime prevalence of PTSD was 28.6%, and the rates were 21.4% for major depression and 14.3% for substance abuse. War journalists were not, however, more likely to receive treatment for these disorders. CONCLUSIONS War journalists have significantly more psychiatric difficulties than journalists who do not report on war. In particular, the lifetime prevalence of PTSD is similar to rates reported for combat veterans, while the rate of major depression exceeds that of the general population. These results, which need replicating, should alert news organizations that significant psychological distress may occur in many war journalists and often goes untreated.
QoE assessment of group synchronization in networked chorus with voice and video

In this paper, we apply group (or inter-destination) synchronization control, which adjusts the output timing of media generated at multiple terminals, to chorus with voice and video generated at multiple points in order to synchronize singing voices for a listener. By QoE (quality of experience) assessment, the paper shows that the group synchronization control can maintain QoE higher than the case in which the control is not carried out.
Asymmetric spillover effects between the Shanghai and Hong Kong stock markets: evidence from quantile lagged regression

ABSTRACT This article surveys the asymmetric spillover effects between the mainland China-based Shanghai Composite Index (SCI) and the Hong Kong based Hang Seng Index (HSI) using a quantile lagged regression model. Compared to previous studies, this article, based on data before and after the 2008 global financial crisis, presents a more detailed analysis, as we investigate the spillovers in terms of returns, volatilities and exchange rates between the renminbi (RMB) and the Hong Kong dollar (HKD) throughout the entire conditional return distribution, including the central quantiles, which are closely related to the normal circumstances, and the extreme quantiles, which correspond to the bear and bull markets. First, we find that the return spillovers from its lagged returns or from the other index not only vary across time but also depend on stock state. Second, while return volatility may boost the stock market in a bull market, it accelerates the decline in a bear market. Third, the depreciation of the RMB relative to the HKD does not significantly affect current returns for the HSI, while it negatively affects current returns for the SCI in a bad state after the crisis. The findings presented in this article will facilitate investors’ understanding of the two stock markets.
Influenza Type A Virus Escape Mutants Emerge In Vivo in the Presence of Antibodies to the Ectodomain of Matrix Protein 2

ABSTRACT The ectodomain of matrix protein 2 (M2e) of human influenza type A virus strains has remained remarkably conserved since 1918. Because M2e-specific immunity has been shown to decrease morbidity and mortality associated with influenza virus infection in several animal models and because natural infection and current vaccines do not appear to induce a good M2e-specific antibody (Ab) response, M2e has been considered as potential vaccine for inducing cross-reactive protection against influenza type A viruses. The high degree of structural conservation of M2e could in part be the consequence of a poor M2e-specific Ab response and thus the absence of pressure for change. To assess this possibility, we studied the course of infection in SCID mice in the presence or absence of passive M2e-specific monoclonal Abs (MAbs). We found that virus mutants with antigenic changes in M2e emerged in 65% of virus-infected mice treated with M2e-specific but not control MAbs. However, the diversity of escape mutants was highly restricted since only two types were isolated from 22 mice, one with a proline-to-leucine and the other with a proline-to-histidine interchange at amino acid position 10 of M2e. The implications of these findings for the use of M2e as a broadly protective vaccine are discussed.
Source-drain symmetry in unified regional MOSFET model

This letter investigates major sources of asymmetry in a MOSFET compact model by comparing source versus bulk reference in the drain current, effective field, and effective mobility equations. Contrary to the general belief that a regional threshold voltage (V/sub t/)-based model may pose a symmetry problem, we demonstrate that even with the simple source-extrapolated V/sub t/-based model, it can be symmetric if the drain current and the effective transverse field are derived with bulk as the reference, and the lateral-field effective mobility are properly modeled.
Purification, Characterization, and Cloning of the cDNA of Human Signal Recognition Particle RNA 3′-Adenylating Enzyme*

The 3′-terminal adenylic acid residue in several human small RNAs including signal recognition particle (SRP) RNA, nuclear 7SK RNA, U2 small nuclear RNA, and ribosomal 5S RNA is caused by a post-transcriptional adenylation event (Sinha, K., Gu, J., Chen, Y., and Reddy, R. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 6853–6859). Using the Alu portion of the SRP RNA as a substrate in an in vitro adenylation assay, we purified an adenylating enzyme that adds adenylic acid residues to SRP/Alu RNA from the HeLa cell nuclear extract. All the peptide sequences obtained by microsequencing of the purified enzyme matched a unique human cDNA corresponding to a new adenylating enzyme having homologies to the well characterized mRNA poly(A) polymerase. The amino terminus region of the human SRP RNA adenylating enzyme showed ∼75% homology to the amino terminus of the human mRNA poly(A) polymerase that includes the catalytic domain. The carboxyl terminus of the human SRP RNA adenylating enzyme showed less than 25% homology to the carboxyl terminus of poly(A) polymerase, which interacts with other factors and provides specificity. The SRP RNA adenylating enzyme is coded for by a gene located on chromosome 2 in contrast to the poly(A) polymerase gene, which is located on chromosome 14. A recombinant protein for the SRP RNA adenylating enzyme was prepared, and its activity was compared with the purified enzyme from HeLa cells. The data indicate that in addition to the SRP RNA adenylating enzyme, other factors may be required to carry out accurate 3′-end adenylation of SRP RNA.
Mechanical and thermal design of an aeroengine starter/generator

The paper describes the mechanical and thermal design of a high speed, high power density synchronous permanent magnet machine for an aero engine starter generator system with a power rating of 150 kW and maximum speed of 32,000 rpm. The electrical machine is designed to minimise the weight and maximise the efficiency so both mechanical and thermal aspects are considered. The cooling strategy adopts an inner stator sleeve for enhanced cooling of the stationary components whilst minimising the windage loss. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is used for the static structural analyses of critical components of the machine and the dynamic performance of the rotating shaft. Heat transfer phenomena are also investigated by the means of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Lumped Parameter Thermal Network (LPTN) for the optimisation of the proposed cooling arrangement and prediction of the machine temperature distribution.
DAY OF THE MONTH EFFECT IN EMERGING MARKETS

ÖZET Bu çalışmanın amacı İstanbul, Bovespa, Merval, Shanghai ve Sensex hisse senedi piyasalarında ayin gün etkisinin varlığını ve yatırımcıların bu yüksek getirilerden fayda sağlama şansının olup olmadığını araştırmaktır. Çalışmada Asya – Pasifik’ ten ve Amerika’ dan gelişmekte olan piyasalar seçilmiş ve sonuçlar Türk hisse senedi endeksi ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Her piyasaya ait günlük getiriler, endekslerin işlem görmeye başladığı tarihten 31 Aralık 2012 tarihine kadar hesaplanmıştır. Beş endekse ait 31 hipotez Z istatistiği kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Bulgular beş hisse senedi piyasasında da negatif ve pozitif normal olmayan getirilerin varlığını göstermektedir.
Prevalence and Correlates of Cannabis Use in Outpatients with Serious Mental Illness Receiving Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorders

Abstract Introduction: People with serious mental illness (SMI) use cannabis more than any other illicit drug. Cannabis use is associated with increased psychotic symptoms and is highly comorbid with alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Despite the national trend toward decriminalization, little is known about the prevalence, correlates, and impact of cannabis use on those with SMI receiving treatment for substance use disorders, a group at high risk for the negative effects of cannabis use. Methods: In this secondary data analysis, cannabis use prevalence, correlates, and impact on treatment outcomes were examined in 121 adults with cooccurring SMI and AUDs receiving outpatient addiction treatment in a randomized trial of contingency management (CM) for alcohol. Prevalence and frequency of cannabis use were calculated across the 7-month study period using self-report and urine tests. Cannabis users were compared with nonusers by SMI diagnosis, psychiatric symptoms, medical problems, legal problems, and HIV-risk behavior. The relationship between cannabis use and longest duration of alcohol abstinence in participants randomized to CM (n=40) was assessed. Results: Fifty-seven (47%) of participants submitted at least one cannabis-positive urine sample during the study. Out of the 2834 total samples submitted, 751 (27%) were positive for cannabis. Cannabis users were 2.2 times more likely to submit an alcohol-positive sample, and 2.5 times more likely to submit a cocaine-positive sample at baseline, relative to noncannabis users (p=0.01). Cannabis users were more likely to engage in risky sexual behavior (p=0.01) and to report being homeless (p=0.03) than nonusers. When controlling for pretreatment alcohol use, the relationship between comorbid cannabis use and alcohol abstinence during CM was not significant (p=0.77). Conclusion: Rates of comorbid cannabis use were high in this sample of adults with SMI and AUDs. Cannabis use was correlated with recent alcohol and cocaine use, risky sexual behavior, and homelessness, but not with alcohol abstinence during CM.
Fluoxetine treatment increases trabecular bone formation in mice

Mounting evidence exists for the operation of a functional serotonin (5‐HT) system in osteoclasts and osteoblasts, which involves both receptor activation and 5‐HT reuptake. In previous work we showed that the serotonin transporter (5‐HTT) is expressed in osteoclasts and that its activity is required by for osteoclast differentiation in vitro. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of treatment with fluoxetine, a specific serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on bone metabolism in vivo. Systemic administration of fluoxetine to Swiss–Webster mice for 6 weeks resulted in increased trabecular BV and BV/TV in femurs and vertebrae as determined by micro‐computed tomography (µCT). This correlated with an increase in trabecular number, connectivity, and decreased trabecular spacing. Fluoxetine treatment also resulted in increased volume in vertebral trabecular bone. However, fluoxetine‐treated mice were not protected against bone loss after ovariectomy, suggesting that its anabolic effect requires the presence of estrogen. The effect of blocking the 5‐HTT on bone loss following an LPS‐mediated inflammatory challenge was also investigated. Subcutaneous injections of LPS over the calvariae of Swiss–Webster mice for 5 days resulted in increased numbers of osteoclasts and net bone loss, whereas new bone formation and a net gain in bone mass was seen when LPS was given together with fluoxetine. We conclude that fluoxetine treatment in vivo leads to increased bone mass under normal physiologic or inflammatory conditions, but does not prevent bone loss associated with estrogen deficiency. These data suggest that commonly used anti‐depressive agents may affect bone mass. J. Cell. Biochem. 100: 1387–1394, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Self-concept, Self-esteem and Body Weight in Adolescent Females

Eighty girls aged 12.8 (0.6) years, completed self-concept, depression and anxiety scales over three years and had their height and weight measured. All nine self-concept domains were lower in the Highest BMI group, compared to the Lower BMI group and this trend was stable over three years. Highest BMI girls were substantially lower than population norms on all nine scales. Over three years, the Physical Appearance and Close Friendship scores of Highest BMI girls decreased compared to Lower BMI girls. This pattern was similar for all of the other self-concept domains. Several aspects of early adolescent girls' self-image may be adversely influenced by a heavy weight status.
Detection algorithm for two air holes in underground using particle swarm optimization

We have considered the estimation algorithm using PSO for the detection of underground objects. Noting the cost functional measured scattered waves and calculated ones for the estimated parameters of the objects, we proposed the detection algorithm with PSO for an optimization problem that is minimized the functional. In order to raise a convergence of the algorithm to the optimal solution, we introduced modified update equations of PSO and a technique to narrow down estimation regions for the objects top rogressively. Furthermore, the method to maintain a variety of the swarm and the technique to avoid local minima are employed in the algorithm. For a case of two cylindrical air holes with circular cross sections, we estimate the location, radius, and relative permittivity of these holes. We also pay attention to the positional relationship between two holes in numerical calculation. Numerical results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for the detection of the air holes in underground. Study on the numerical consideration for various buried objects remains a topic for future work.
Intracranial pressure and surgical decompression for traumatic brain injury: Biological rationale and protocol for a randomized clinical trial

Abstract Commonly, severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients undergo amputation of contused brain; the rationale being that edema in presumed unsalvageable cerebrum increases intracranial pressure (ICP). Neuro-critical care expends great effort to control ICP and prevent secondary injury. Non-randomized investigations have employed hemicraniectomy with duraplasty after developing refractory ICP. We undertook a randomized pilot of hemicraniectomy with duraplasty as the initial surgery for severe TBI patients. Goals included reduced ICP therapeutic intensity and return to the operating room, and improved neurological outcome. Upon hospital presentation, the study was to randomize 92 patients with midline shift greater than the size of a surgically removable hematoma. One group was to receive standardized hemicraniectomy and duraplasty; the other would undergo 'traditional' craniotomy (with brain amputation at the neurosurgeon's discretion). A standardized medical protocol followed. The six-month Glasgow Outcome Scale was the primary outcome, with secondary measures including quality of life one year after TBI, duration and frequency of elevated ICP, intensive care unit (ICU) therapeutic intensity, operating room return, and ICU and hospital lengths-of-stay. This article presents the biological rationale and the evidence-based standardized protocols of the study and its outcome measures. The study has stopped and a phase III outcome trial is being organized. [Neurol Res 2001; 23: 277-290]
Collaborative Computer Security and Trust Management

Collaborative Computer Security and Trust Management combines perspectives of leading researchers in collaborative security to discuss recent advances in this burgeoning new field. Practitioners, researchers, and academicians are presented with lessons learned by international experts to meet the new challenges of security in the global information age. Covering topics such as trust-based security, threat and risk analysis, and data sharing, this reference book provides a complete collection of the latest field developments.