Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Formação de professores e profissionais de saúde para a promoção da autorregulação em saúde na infância | Formation of professors and health professionals to promote self-regulation in childhood health

Aborda-se a temática da autorregulação da aprendizagem, no contexto da promoção do autocuidado em saúde. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo. A pesquisa teve por objetivos: (a) realizar um programa de formação, com profissionais da Atenção Básica participantes do Programa Saúde na Escola e com professores de escolas de Educação Básica no Sul do Brasil, sobre a temática autocuidado em saúde; (b) acompanhar a intervenção em autorregulação em saúde, conduzida pelos professores e profissionais de saúde participantes da formação, junto a alunos do 5º ano, adotando-se como referencial a autorregulação da aprendizagem. Participaram do estudo 35 profissionais: dentistas, enfermeiros, técnicos de enfermagem, agentes comunitários de saúde, professores, supervisora, orientadoras educacionais e uma vice-diretora. O estudo desenvolveu-se em duas fases: (1) formação de professores e profissionais de saúde com vistas à promoção da autorregulação da saúde nos domínios de alimentação saudável e saúde bucal em escolares; (2) intervenção para a promoção da autorregulação em saúde, junto a alunos do 5º ano da Educação Básica, conduzida pelos professores e profissionais que realizaram a formação. Ambas as etapas estão descritas neste estudo. Os profissionais de ensino e de saúde envolvidos na formação e no desenvolvimento da intervenção engajaram-se no propósito de se tornarem autorreguladores e modeladores de práticas cotidianas na escola. Isso os subsidiou para o uso de metodologias que proporcionaram o aprender a aprender e o uso de estratégias autorregulatórias em sala de aula. As crianças participantes desse estudo mostraram-se capazes de planejar, executar e avaliar em outras situações do cotidiano, organizando objetivos coerentes com as atividades e desenvolvendo a competência de transpor para outros domínios as aprendizagens sobre os processos de autorregulação. O estudo mostra-se promissor para pensar a autorregulação no domínio da saúde e na formação de educadores, em especial na infância.
Determinants of Health Care-Seeking Delay among Tuberculosis Patients in Rural Area of Central China

Background The prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) in low and middle-income countries is a significant public health and social concern. TB is a common infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, which has a widespread infection rate. Health care-seeking delay maybe one of the most important neglected risk factors for the spread of TB. Objectives The aim of this study was to understand the situation of health care-seeking delay among rural tuberculosis patients in Hubei Province, and explore its risk factors. Methods A total of 1408 rural tuberculosis patients were surveyed using a standard structured questionnaire in three cities of Hubei Province during the past two years. Results For the 1408cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, 39.70% of them were health care-seeking delayed. Logistic regressions indicate that the Han nationality, farming careers, the over 45 min walk to the township’s hospital, and awareness of the national TB free treatment policy, were significantly associated with higher odds of a delay in care seeking. Conclusions The prevalence of health care-seeking delay among tuberculosis patients was high in rural areas. It is essential to take comprehensive targeted interventions to reduce care-seeking delay.
User Experiences of Prescription and Over-The-Counter Drug Abuse in Aden City, Yemen

Khat chewing is commonplace in Yemen, but little else is known about the misuse of other drugs, especially how such misuse may intersect with Khat use. The aim of this study was to investigate misuse of prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs in community pharmacies in Aden city, from the users’ perspective. A qualitative in-depth-interview study was undertaken with fifteen known or suspected drug misusers, recruited through community pharmacies. Thematic analysis was used to identify the main emergent themes around experience of prescription and OTC drug misuse. The majority of interviewees were male (n = 11/15) with an age range of 21–40 years. Benzodiazepines, Tramadol, and Ketoprofen were the most commonly misused drugs. Four main themes were identified: Experience sought with drugs; awareness of problematic drug use; pattern and methods of misuse; and the role of healthcare professionals in responding to misuse. The study highlighted different issues, such as the practice of mixing different OTC and prescription drugs with Khat to heighten the effects or manage associated pain, and drug misuse by females and by health care professionals. The study also suggested that physicians and pharmacists fear counselling such people, probably with the risk of violence as a contributory factor.
Social behaviours by Bacillus subtilis: quorum sensing, kin discrimination and beyond

Here, we review the multiple mechanisms that the Gram‐positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis uses to allow it to communicate between cells and establish community structures. The modes of action that are used are highly varied and include routes that sense pheromone levels during quorum sensing and control gene regulation, the intimate coupling of cells via nanotubes to share cytoplasmic contents, and long‐range electrical signalling to couple metabolic processes both within and between biofilms. We explore the ability of B. subtilis to detect ‘kin’ (and ‘cheater cells’) by looking at the mechanisms used to potentially ensure beneficial sharing (or limit exploitation) of extracellular ‘public goods’. Finally, reflecting on the array of methods that a single bacterium has at its disposal to ensure maximal benefit for its progeny, we highlight that a large future challenge will be integrating how these systems interact in mixed‐species communities.
Chemical Instability and Promiscuity of Arylmethylidenepyrazolinone-Based MDMX Inhibitors

Targeting the protein–protein interaction between p53 and MDM2/MDMX (MDM4) represents an attractive anticancer strategy for the treatment of p53-competent tumors. Several selective and potent MDM2 inhibitors have been developed and entered the clinic; however, the repertoire of MDMX antagonists is still limited. The arylmethylidenepyrazolinone SJ-172550 has been reported as a selective MDMX antagonist; yet, uncertainties about its mechanism of action have raised doubts about its use as a chemical probe. Here, we show that, in addition to its unclear mode of action, SJ-172550 is unstable in aqueous buffers, giving rise to side products of unknown biological activity. Using an SJ-172550-derived affinity probe, we observed promiscuous binding to cellular proteins whereas cellular thermal shift assays did not reveal a stabilizing effect on MDMX. Overall, our results raise further questions about the interpretation of data using SJ-172550 and related compounds to investigate cellular phenotypes.
Contribution to Reduce the Influence of the Free Sliding Edge on Compression-After-Impact Testing of Thin-Walled Undamaged Composites Plates

Standard Compression-After-Impact test devices show a weakening effect on thin-walled specimens due to a free panel edge that is required for compression. As a result, thin-walled undamaged samples do not break in the free measuring area but near the free edge and along the supports. They also show a strength reduction due to the free edge which can become potentially relevant for very weakly damaged panels. In order to reduce the free edge influence on the measured strength, a modified Compression-After-Impact test device has been developed. In an experimental investigation with carbon fiber reinforced plastics, the modified device is compared with a standard device. It is shown that thin-walled undamaged specimens investigated with the modified device now mainly break within the free measuring area and no longer at the free edge and along the bearings as it is the case for standard test devices. The modified device does not cause a free edge weakening effect in comparison to standard devices. The modified device is therefore more suitable for determining the compression strengths of undamaged thin-walled composite plates.
SEP-1: The Lactate Myth and Other Fairytales.

In 2015, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services instituted the Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Early Management Bundle (SEP-1) and began to monitor its compliance by all hospitals in the United States (1). The SEP-1 bundle requires lactate measurements, blood cultures, and broadspectrum antibiotics within 3 hours of sepsis onset, with repeat lactate measurements within 6 hours if the initial lactate is greater than 2.0 mmol/L. The septic shock bundle requires 30 cc/kg of IV fluids within 3 hours and vasopressors within 6 hours for persistent hypotension. All elements of the bundled are afforded equal weight, and all qualifying elements must be met to pass the bundle. Recognizing that sepsis is a common, costly, and deadly disease (2), the presumed goal of this “quality measure” was to improve the outcome of patients with sepsis and septic shock. Unfortunately, apart from the timely administration of antibiotics, none of the other elements of the bundle are supported by any scientific data, nor have they been demonstrated to improve patient outcomes (3, 4); the reason for their inclusion in the SEP-1 “quality measure” is therefore quite mysterious. In this issue of Critical Care Medicine, Rhee et al (5) performed a retrospective study of data from seven U.S. hospitals comparing the outcomes of sepsis patients that passed versus failed the SEP-1 measure during the first 2 years after the measure was implemented. As in previous studies, these authors demonstrated that delays of greater than 3 hours until the administration of antibiotics were significantly associated with death, whereas failing SEP-1 for any other reason was not. The most common reason for failing the measure was omission of the 3and 6-hour lactate measurement. This is an important observation because meeting the lactate requirement is resource intensive and failure to measure lactate was not associated with a worse outcome. This finding is not surprising because the interpretation of a serum lactate level in patients with sepsis is shrouded in myth (6, 7). It is widely regarded that in the setting of sepsis, an increased serum lactate is a marker of impaired microcirculatory flow with tissue hypoxia (6, 7). There are, however, scant data that tissue hypoxia occurs in patients with sepsis.
Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy on Treatment Outcomes in a Prospective Study of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (XDR-TB) HIV Coinfection Treatment in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Background: Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB)/HIV coinfection has been associated with high mortality and poor TB outcomes. We performed a prospective study to comprehensively characterize a cohort of patients with XDR-TB. Methods: Adult patients with XDR-TB were enrolled at treatment initiation at a TB referral hospital in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa, and followed through the end of treatment. Clinical data, questionnaires, adherence data, and sputum were collected monthly. Whole genome sequencing was performed on baseline Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates. Treatment outcomes were defined using standard definitions. Results: One hundred five patients with XDR-TB (76.1% HIV-infected) were enrolled from August 2009 to July 2011. Among HIV-coinfected patients, 82.5% were on antiretroviral therapy initially and 93.8% cumulatively over the study period. At 24 months, 31.4% had a successful outcome and 68.6% had an unsuccessful outcome with 41% mortality. Antiretroviral therapy was associated with improved mortality in HIV-coinfected patients (P = 0.05), as was TB culture conversion (P < 0.0001). On whole genome sequencing, most strains were LAM4/KZN lineage (68%), with few single nucleotide polymorphism differences. Conclusions: Despite improved HIV care, treatment outcomes and mortality were only modestly improved compared with previous South African XDR-TB/HIV treatment cohorts. Of note, this study was completed before the introduction of new antimycobacterial agents (eg, bedaquiline and delamanid). As new TB drugs and regimens become available, it is important to monitor treatment to ensure that benefits seen in clinical trials are reproduced in high-burden, low-resource settings.
GRU: Exploring Computation and Data Redundancy via Partial GPU Computing Result Reuse

Graphics processing units (GPUs) have been widely adopted by major cloud vendors for better performance and energy efficiency. Recent research has observed a considerable degree of redundancy in managing computation and data in many datacenters, particularly for several important categories of GPU-accelerated applications such as log mining and machine learning. In this paper, we present GRU, an ecosystem that smartly manages and shares GPU resources through exploiting redundancy. GRU transparently interprets GPU-accelerated computing requests and memoizes results for potential future reuse. To enhance reusability, GRU implements a partial result reuse idea, where GPU computation requests even with different input data and functionality may become reusable w.r. t. each other. To guarantee correctness of partial reuse, GRU employs a compiler-assisted approach that analyzes general data parallel patterns that are reliable for the reuse purpose, and is capable of smartly recognizing such reusable data parallel patterns of incoming requests. We have fully implemented GRU and conducted extensive sets of experiments running micro-benchmarks on local machines and real-world applications including Spark-based uses cases in an AWS cluster. Evaluation results show that GRU is effective in identifying and eliminating redundant GPU computations, achieving up to 5x (2.5x) speedup for compute-intensive (data-intensive) benchmarks. In addition, GPU-managed Spark observes a reduction of 25.3% (39.8%) on average w.r. t. turnaround time (GPU occupation time) over state-of-the-art solutions.
On information-theoretic limits of code-domain NOMA for 5G

Motivated by recent theoretical challenges for 5G, this study aims to position relevant results in the literature on code-domain non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) from an information-theoretic perspective, given that most of the recent intuition of NOMA relies on another domain, that is, the power domain. Theoretical derivations for several code-domain NOMA schemes are reported and interpreted, adopting a unified framework that focuses on the analysis of the NOMA spreading matrix, in terms of load, sparsity, and regularity features. The comparative analysis shows that it is beneficial to adopt extreme low-dense code-domain NOMA in the large system limit, where the number of resource elements and number of users grow unboundedly while their ratio, called load, is kept constant. Particularly, when optimum receivers are used, the adoption of a regular low-dense spreading matrix is beneficial to the system achievable rates, which are higher than those obtained with either irregular low-dense or dense formats, for any value of load. For linear receivers, which are more favourable in practice due to lower complexity, the regular low-dense NOMA still has better performance in the underloaded regime (load < 1).
Next Generation Digital Twin

Der seit einigen Jahren vielfältig verwendete Begriff Digital Twin beinhaltet nach wie vor visionäre Aspekte. Deren Berücksichtigung wird zur Entwicklung einer nächsten Generation digitaler Zwillinge führen. In der in diesem Beitrag beschriebenen Vision werden die Lebenszyklus-übergreifenden Perspektiven vorgestellt und anhand von zwei Beispielen diskutiert. Neben seinem Einsatz in der Entwicklung wird der digitale Zwilling als Abbild des realen Systems im Betrieb und Service zunehmend neue simulationsbasierte Lösungen ermöglichen. Die Lebenszyklus-übergreifende Perspektive gepaart mit der Veränderung der Wertschöpfungsketten wird zu einem Digital-Twin-Ökosystem führen.
Biopsy‐Proven Small‐Fiber Neuropathy in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: Neuropathic Pain Characteristics, Autoantibody Findings, and Histopathologic Features

Painful small‐fiber neuropathies (SFNs) in primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) may present as pure or mixed with concurrent large‐fiber involvement. SFN can be diagnosed by punch skin biopsy results that identify decreased intra‐epidermal nerve‐fiber density (IENFD) of unmyelinated nerves.
The Spatial Dimming Scheme for the MU-MIMO-OFDM VLC System

Multiuser visible light communication (MU-VLC) systems utilizing multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) are gaining increased attentions recently. Visible light communication (VLC) links are expected to work under different illumination conditions and, thus, the need for dimming control mechanisms. However, the traditional analog- and digital-based dimming schemes have adverse effects on the data communications performance, such as clipping distortion and the variation of the duty cycle. In this paper, spatial dimming schemes based on the zero-forcing and the minimum mean-squared error precoding schemes are proposed for direct-current biased optical OFDM based indoor MU-MIMO VLC system, and the bipolar optical OFDM signal is biased by a fixed dc level. Transmit antenna selection algorithms are designed for the optimum working light emitting diodes (LEDs) subset at each dimming level. Owing to the simultaneously exploration of the selection diversity of LEDs-based lights and the channel state information, the proposed spatial dimming schemes outperform the traditional dimming schemes, which is also verified by simulation results. Thus, the proposed schemes are shown to have a great potential to be applied in practical MU-MIMO-OFDM VLC systems.
Network-based assessment of the vulnerability of Italian regions to bovine brucellosis

The endemic circulation of bovine brucellosis in cattle herds has a markedly negative impact on economy, due to decreased fertility, increased abortion rates, reduced milk and meat production. It also poses a direct threat to human health. In Italy, despite the long lasting efforts and the considerable economic investment, complete eradication of this disease still eludes the southern regions, as opposed to the northern regions that are disease-free. Here we introduced a novel quantitative network-based approach able to fully exploit the highly resolved databases of cattle trade movements and outbreak reports to yield estimates of the vulnerability of a cattle market to brucellosis. Tested on the affected regions, the introduced vulnerability indicator was shown to be accurate in predicting the number of bovine brucellosis outbreaks, thus confirming the suitability of our tool for epidemic risk assessment. We evaluated the dependence of regional vulnerability to brucellosis on a set of factors including premises spatial distribution, trading patterns, farming practices, herd market value, compliance to outbreak regulations, and exploring different epidemiological conditions. Animal trade movements were identified as a major route for brucellosis spread between farms, with an additional potential risk attributed to the use of shared pastures. By comparing the vulnerability of disease-free regions in the north to affected regions in the south, we found that more intense trade and higher market value of the cattle sector in the north, likely inducing more efficient biosafety measures, together with poor compliance to trade restrictions following outbreaks in the south were key factors explaining the diverse success in eradicating brucellosis. Our modeling scheme is both synthetic and effective in gauging regional vulnerability to brucellosis persistence. Its general formulation makes it adaptable to other diseases and host species, providing a useful tool for veterinary epidemiology and policy assessment.
Lymphatic vessel density is associated with CD8+ T cell infiltration and immunosuppressive factors in human melanoma

ABSTRACT Increased density of tumor-associated lymphatic vessels correlates with poor patient survival in melanoma and other cancers, yet lymphatic drainage is essential for initiating an immune response. Here we asked whether and how lymphatic vessel density (LVD) correlates with immune cell infiltration in primary tumors and lymph nodes (LNs) from patients with cutaneous melanoma. Using immunohistochemistry and quantitative image analysis, we found significant positive correlations between LVD and CD8+ T cell infiltration as well as expression of the immunosuppressive molecules inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and 2,3-dioxygénase (IDO). Interestingly, similar associations were seen in tumor-free LNs adjacent to metastatic ones, indicating loco-regional effects of tumors. Our data suggest that lymphatic vessels play multiple roles at tumor sites and LNs, promoting both T cell infiltration and adaptive immunosuppressive mechanisms. Lymph vessel associated T cell infiltration may increase immunotherapy success rates provided that the treatment overcomes adaptive immune resistance.
Night Light Pollution and Ocular Fatigue

https://jkms.org Environmental brightness is an important factor in synchronizing human circadian rhythms to solar light-dark cycles. Therefore, disruption of the environmental light-dark cycle can cause abnormal circadian rhythm and may result in various psychological or physiological human dysfunctions. It is a fact that civilization makes the night brighter; in addition to streetlights and car lights, smart pads, cell phones, computers, and TVs further increase urban night illumination. As a result, undesired environmental alteration called ‘light pollution’ spreads widely across the world with the constant growth of human civilization.1 In contrast to natural solar light, artificial light sources emit more blue light (a short wavelength of light with a range of 460–500 nm). Notably, constant or excessive exposure to blue light can cause inadvertent retinal damage by oxidative stress.2
Evaluation of the effect of various main elements on the PrPSc detection by real-time quaking-induced conversion assay

In order to definitively diagnosis sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD), brain tissue is currently required. Therefore, there is a great need for tests that can detect sCJD in body fluids or other types of tissues. Different variables, including the amount of recombinant celluar prion protein (rPrPC), salt, cleaning surfactants and thioflavin T (ThT), in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were evaluated. The reagent concentrations of 1X PBS, 170 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 0.01 mM ThT and 0.001% SDS, and the amounts of 10 µg rPrPC and 10 µl CSF were considered to be optimal for the real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) assay. Using these conditions, the RT-QuIC assay for prion protein (PrPSc) detection was observed to be sensitive to 10−8 diluted brain homogenates of hamsters infected with the 263K scrapie strain. Furthermore, CSF samples from 70 probable sCJD cases and 48 non-CJD cases were preliminarily screened. A substantial proportion of sCJD samples (57.14%) tested positive by RT-QuIC, with a short lag phase (<50 h post-reaction) and high peak ThT values (>25,000 relative fluorescence units). By contrast, only a small number of non-CJD samples displayed weakly positive results, and these were detected at a later stage (>50 h post-reaction) and had much lower ThT values. In conclusion, the RT-QuIC assay in CSF samples reported in the present study may provide a useful pre-mortem tool for the diagnosis of sCJD, particularly in China where postmortem examination is rarely conducted.