Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inward rectification in submucosal arterioles of guinea‐pig ileum.

1. The current‐voltage relationships of short segments of submucosal arteriole of guinea‐pig have been determined using constant current and voltage clamp techniques. 2. The current‐voltage relationships were non‐linear over the membrane potential range ‐60 to ‐90 mV, the conductance increasing with hyperpolarization. 3. The membrane potential ranges over which the membrane conductance increased were changed by changing the external concentration of potassium ions. 4. Changing the external concentrations of sodium and chloride ions had no effect on the arteriolar current‐voltage relationships. 5. The hyperpolarization‐activated conductance increase was prevented by low concentrations of barium ions. 6. It is suggested that these arterioles display potassium‐selective inward rectification and that the rectifier supplies the dominant resting potassium conductance. The properties of this rectifier are compared with those of other tissues.
THE INFLUENCE OF TRUSTWORTHINESS AND EXPERTISE TO CUSTOMER PURCHASE INTENTION FOR SAMSUNG AND APPLE PRODUCTS IN MANADO CITY

ABSTRACT There are some factors on the trustworthiness and expertise to customer purchase intention. This research is design to analyze the influence of trustworthiness and expertise to customer purchase intention for Samsung and Apple products in Manado city. Use the multiple regression analysis method, so the researcher can analyze the influence of the independent variable to dependent variable, which is employee performance. The independent variables in this research are trustworthiness and expertise. Based on the result on the analysis of data using multiple linear regression analysis techniques, the t test, obtained results which indicate that the influence of trustworthiness and expertise to customer purchase intention for Samsung and Apple products in Manado city. This shows that there is no significant difference for trustworthiness between Samsung and Apple smartphone products purchasing intention in Manado. There is no significant difference for expertise between Samsung and Apple smartphone products purchasing intention in Manado city. Keywords: Trustworthiness, Expertise, Customer Purchase Intention
Neuronal 3′,3,5-Triiodothyronine (T3) Uptake and Behavioral Phenotype of Mice Deficient in Mct8, the Neuronal T3 Transporter Mutated in Allan–Herndon–Dudley Syndrome

Thyroid hormone transport into cells requires plasma membrane transport proteins. Mutations in one of these, monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8), have been identified as underlying cause for the Allan–Herndon–Dudley syndrome, an X-linked mental retardation in which the patients also present with abnormally high 3′,3,5-triiodothyronine (T3) plasma levels. Mice deficient in Mct8 replicate the thyroid hormone abnormalities observed in the human condition. However, no neurological deficits have been described in mice lacking Mct8. Therefore, we subjected Mct8-deficient mice to a comprehensive immunohistochemical, neurological, and behavioral screen. Several behavioral abnormalities were found in the mutants. Interestingly, some of these behavioral changes are compatible with hypothyroidism, whereas others rather indicate hyperthyroidism. We thus hypothesized that neurons exclusively dependent on Mct8 are in a hypothyroid state, whereas neurons expressing other T3 transporters become hyperthyroid, if they are exposed directly to the high plasma T3. The majority of T3 uptake in primary cortical neurons is mediated by Mct8, but pharmacological inhibition suggested functional expression of additional T3 transporter classes. mRNAs encoding six T3 transporters, including L-type amino acid transporters (LATs), were coexpressed with Mct8 in isolated neurons. We then demonstrated Lat2 expression in cultured neurons and throughout murine brain development. In contrast, LAT2 is expressed in microglia in the developing human brain during gestation, but not in neurons. We suggest that lack of functional complementation by alternative thyroid hormone transporters in developing human neurons precipitates the devastating neurodevelopmental phenotype in MCT8-deficient patients, whereas Mct8-deficient mouse neurons are functionally complemented by other transporters, for possibly Lat2.
The Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Encoded Glycoprotein B Diverts HLA-DR into the Exosome Pathway

Neutralizing Abs play an important role for immunity against HSV-1 infection. This branch of the immune response is initiated by MHC class II Ag presentation and activation of T cell help. In this study, we show that the HSV-1 encoded glycoprotein B (gB) manipulates the class II processing pathway by perturbing endosomal sorting and trafficking of HLA-DR (DR) molecules. Expression of gB in the human melanoma cell line Mel JuSo results in formation of enlarged DR+ intracellular vesicles. Costaining of the vesicles revealed the presence of DR, gB, and the late endosomal marker CD63. The lumen of these late endosomal membranes shows a variable content, containing either gB or CD63, or both CD63 and gB. gB targets DR molecules on their biosynthetic route, after the MHC class II invariant chain is released from the DR heterodimer. gB-DR complexes were detected in a post-Golgi compartment and in exosomes, but not on the cell surface. Interestingly, increasing expression of gB strongly elevated the amount of DR and CD63 released into the exosome pathway. In conclusion, this is a previously undescribed mode of viral immune evasion involving hijacking of DR from its normal transport route to the cell surface, followed by viral-mediated release of DR into the exosome pathway.
Managing a nosocomial outbreak of carbapenem‐resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: an early Australian hospital experience

Carbapenems are traditionally reserved as the last line of defence for treatment of serious infections with multiresistant Gram‐negative bacilli. Reports of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)‐producing organisms have been emerging globally, but rare in Australasia to date. We describe an outbreak of KPC‐2 producing K. pneumoniae at an Australian hospital.
Tourism, ecotourism and sport tourism: the framework for certification

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework for identifying the need for ecotourism certification within ecotourism and sport tourism (EST) by discussing the overlapping characteristics on the dimensions of EST. Design/methodology/approach – Qualitatively, the Social Exchange Theory was used to discover segments of tourists based on the two dimensions: EST. Findings – The findings discovered four strategic segments (namely; vacation, green, action oriented and active tourists), their related activities, and the level of need for eco certification. Practical implications – EST activities offer a unique opportunity for tourism managers to positively influence conservation in and around communities, protected areas and sport events. Applying and implementing a global eco certification is paramount to attract tourists and enhance credibility of sport tourism. Originality/value – Identification of the four tourists segments and their relative need for certification is the novelty of the study.
Introducing link between information and innovation with diverse polar topics

Both information and innovation in the polar topics are closely linked to attitudes towards innovation, complexity and change. The information can be seen like a valuable asset and resource for any collaboration and development in polar attentions. The information has a clear linkage to innovations and additionally, it can be shown that innovations might have a number of positive outcomes. Though the importance of information and innovation exist, however, the linkage between those is many times challenging. The idea of information and innovation in the public administration and governance has evolved in conjunction with a more detailed understanding of innovation. Public sector organizations often have multiple objectives which can be imprecise compared to business objectives. Often the issues faced by public authorities are complex, wicked and the certain policy can even have opposing effects. This article tackles some key issues alongside information and innovation in diverse polar topics.
A study on Management Mechanism of Malicious Node in Ad-hoc Networks

An Ad-hoc network will operate properly and provide smooth communication when nodes cooperate mutually with each of them having equal authority. Although it is possible to form a network consisting only of authenticated nodes in order to ensure reliability, authentication by itself is not sufficient to remove malicious nodes and their activities jeopardizing the whole network. Detection and prevention of such activities are vital for maintaining a safe and reliable network, but research on this matter is relatively lacking. Hence a suggestion is made on how to detect and prevent malicious or uncooperative ones among the nodes forming a network by a relationship of mutual trust, thereby maintaining safety and stability of the network and improving its processing abilities
Trust : a key success factor in the online retail industry

This paper examines the role of consumer trust in the North American online retail industry. Consumers perceive risks associated with online shopping and are concerned about loss of personal privacy, as well as the possibility of financial loss. Using literature reviews, the role of trust is examined as a key success factor for online retailers, focusing on the quasi-commodity market segment (books, music, and video). An external analysis reveals that the market is highly concentrated and can be described as a 'tight' oligopoly or duopoly in the growth phase of the industry life cycle. Amazon.com, an exemplary firm in the online retail industry, is strategically analysed to understand the reasons for its success and to determine how consumer trust may impact future earnings. The analysis suggests that its success is attributed to a first mover advantage in the industry, a passion for innovation, and leadership in service differentiation. A scenario evaluation predicts that a loss of consumer trust would have a devastating impact on Amazon's future earnings, while an increase in trust would contribute to a stronger and more favourable business reputation and increased profits. Finally, nine recommendations are presented to help online retailers improve consumer perceived trustworthiness, with the goal of ensuring long-term sustainable rents. Overall conclusions confirm that trust plays a vitally important role in contributing to business success in the online retail industry.
Capability Reconfiguration: An Analysis of Incumbent Responses to Technological Change

I present a model of capability reconfiguration, integrating the Schumpeterian perspective on technological discontinuities with the dynamic capabilities literature to explain the responses of incumbents to technological change. I identify substitution, evolution, and transformation as three mechanisms of capability reconfiguration and then link the choice of reconfiguration mechanism to the nature of technological change and to the attributes of capabilities. I conclude that the extent to which the chosen mechanism enables incumbents to overcome cognitive and operational impediments influences their capacity to bridge capability gaps.
Improving the quality of lamb meat — taste, fatness and consumer appeal

Lamb has some positive attributes so far as consumers are concerned i.e. high levels of tenderness and flavour, a low incidence of quality problems (such as PSE muscle in pigs) and a ‘natural’ image. However, a major reduction in fatness of the meat on display in supermarkets is seen as essential to maintain sales in the UK and increase them abroad. Analyses of lamb cuts on retail sale shows that insufficient trimming is or can be done to produce a lean product. An increase in carcass weight would allow more scope for new methods of butchery and presentation. Changes in the way that lamb is marketed are essential in order to reduce carcass fatness. More use of carcass classification and an objective scheme can provide the basis for grading which penalizes over-fat carcasses. Tenderness and flavour can both be modified by changes on the farm and in processing. Chilling rate and ageing/conditioning are major factors controlling tenderness and diet is important in producing desirable flavour. There is considerable scope for improving eating characteristics by ensuring that the factors which affect them are at appropriate levels. However, the major factor in increasing consumer appeal remains a reduction in the fat content of lamb.
Effect of palivizumab prophylaxis in decreasing respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations in premature infants

Background. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of hospitalization in preterm infants and infants with chronic lung disease (CLD). Palivizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, was approved in Europe in 1999 as prophylaxis against severe RSV-related respiratory illness. No multiple season data have been published on palivizumab effectiveness in European populations. Data collected during 4 years in Spain compared RSV hospitalization rates and risk factors in a cohort of palivizumab-prophylaxed and nonprophylaxed preterm infants. Methods. The first cohort was derived from 2 previous studies and included 1583 infants followed during 2 RSV seasons (1998 to 1999, 1999 to 2000) before palivizumab initiation in Spain. The second cohort included 1919 infants who received palivizumab prophylaxis for 2 subsequent respiratory seasons (2000 to 2001, 2001 to 2002). Both cohorts were preterm (≤32 weeks gestational age) and ≤6 months old at onset of RSV season. Results. The RSV hospitalization rate in the palivizumab-prophylaxed cohort was 3.95, and it was 13.25% in nonprophylaxed infants This 70% overall difference in RSV hospitalization was observed despite the palivizumab-prophylaxed group’s lower gestational ages, more severe neonatal intensive care unit respiratory courses and higher incidence of CLD. Significant risk factors for RSV hospitalization in both cohorts included: lower gestational age; chronologic age <3 months at RSV season onset; school age siblings; and lower parental education. Nonprophylaxed children had a higher risk for RSV-related hospitalization than did prophylaxed patients (odds ratio, 3.86; 95% confidence interval, 2.83 to 5.25). Conclusion. Data from this study support the effectiveness of palivizumab in significantly modifying RSV-related hospitalizations in high risk preterm infants, with and without CLD, during two respiratory seasons.
Study on measure to shorten work time, through the haptic device in teleoperation system

When controlling the slave device through the teleoperation, the haptic device is often used as the master device. Recently, the image information through the camera and the virtual guide are used for the stability of the teleoperation. In this study, it is assumed that the freedom constraint of the master device will shorten the work time of the teleoperation work and increase the accuracy of the teleoperation work. Experiments were carried out through three kinds of freedom constraint cases and the position data of the master and slave devices were analyzed. Experimental results show that it reduces the working time and increase accuracy for teleoperation work using the freedom constraint of the master device.
The Empirical Study of the Long-run Extra Stock Returns of the Listed Corporate Recombination in Different Recombination Forms

With the empirical study on pure samples of the listed companies without their ownership transferred,the thesis uses the method of market model to detect the long-run extra stock returns of companies after their recombination of different forms.Empirical study shows that only the listed companies without their ownership transferred in recombination will obtain stable gain;otherwise the listed companies will gains the least after recombination.
Short communication: The complications of external cephalic version: results from 805 consecutive attempts

Most breech babies at term are now delivered by caesarean section. Although external cephalic version reduces the number of term breech presentations, its uptake has not been as wide as is recommended by professional bodies. This may be because of fears over safety. Pooled safety data do exist, largely from case series. However, the possibility of reporting and publication biases in such studies maybe preventing both women and obstetricians from being adequately reassured. In this series of 805 consecutive version attempts, we report an extremely low complication rate and 0.5% risk of emergency caesarean section after the procedure.
Differential expression of five N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor subunit mRNAs in the cerebellum of developing and adult rats

Five N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits have been identified thus far: NR1, NR2A, NR2B, NR2C, and NR2D. Here, we have analyzed the expression patterns of mRNAs for the NMDA receptor subunits in the developing and adult rats by in situ hybridization. The developmental changes of the expression patterns were most salient in the cerebellum.
A model of artefacts produced by stray capacitance during whole body or segmental bioimpedance spectroscopy

We have developed a novel model for the simulation of artefacts which are produced by stray capacitance during bioimpedance spectroscopy. We focused on whole body and segmental measurements in the frequency range 5-1000 kHz. The current source was assumed to be asymmetric with respect to ground as is the case for many commercial devices. We considered the following stray pathways: 1, cable capacitance; 2, capacitance between neighbouring electrode leads; 3, capacitance between different body segments and earth; 4, capacitance between signal ground of the device and earth. According to our results the pathways 3 and 4 cause a significant spurious dispersion in the measured impedance spectra at frequencies >500 kHz. During segmental measurements the spectra have been found to be sensitive to an interchange of the electrode cable pairs. The sensitivity was also observed in vivo and is due to asymmetry of the potential distribution along the segment with respect to earth. In contrast to previously published approaches, our model renders possible the simulation of this effect. However, it is unable to fully explain the deviations of in vivo measured impedance spectra from a single Cole circle. We postulate that the remaining deviations are due to a physiologically caused superposition of two dispersions from two different tissues. Keywords: bioimpedance spectroscopy, stray capacitance, segmental measurement, modelling, -dispersion
Accessing the Audience Community: How Newspapers Connect with Audience Communities in Finland, Japan, and Korea

The article contributes to the research on media management by approaching the audience as consisting of communities, instead of considering it a mass audience. By developing audience community as a concept in media management and audience research and investigating mainstream newspapers’ perceptions and practices of audience community relations, the study aims to provide a future outlook for the changing community nature of audiences. Newspaper organizations are starting to perceive the audience as a more concrete network of people, and journalistic processes can increasingly consist of generating platforms and practices for communication and communal activities with and among the audience. In the article, these processes are studied empirically by means of a qualitative study carried out in Finnish, Japanese, and Korean newspapers. Interestingly, the findings indicate that audience communities do not, after all, play an important role in the daily practices of the newspapers. The engagement with audience communities in social media is only occasional, intermittent, and by no means systematic. By contrast, interaction with offline communities seems to be more familiar and considered more valuable than connecting with audience communities in social media.
Carrier-envelope phase dependent photoemission from a nanometric metal tip

We tightly focus ∼ 6fs Ti:sa pulses onto a nanome-tric metal tip and record photoelectron spectra at laser intensities of about ∼ 4 × 1011 W/cm2. Here we present a strong carrier-envelope phase (CEP) dependent current modulation. In the high energy region of the spectra the CEP modulation rises up to 100%, meaning that the CEP can switch the photocurrent fully on and off. The metal tip resembles a record sensitive miniaturized CEP sensor with a precision exceeding about 15 mrad in 20s measurement time. Even CEP-stabilizing a Ti:sa-oscillator with the signal of the emitted photoelectrons of a tip seems feasible.
Improved survival in the Danish center‐treated cystic fibrosis patients: Results of aggressive treatment

We report survival data for Danish center‐treated cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, covering the period 1974–1993 and using cross‐sectional cumulative survival probability based on annual age‐specific mortality rates. Analyses by age and by years after diagnosis were made. No significant differences were noted in the survival probability when patients were grouped according to sex or absence/presence of meconium ileus. The annual mortality rate for 1989–1993 was 0–1.2%. Using the age‐specific mortality rate for 1989–1993, we were unable to calculate the median survival probability because the curve did not fall below 50% (age up to 45 years); however, it was possible to show that the survival probability for a newborn CF child to reach his 45th birthday was 80.4% (confidence interval 76.5–84.6%). The median age at diagnosis was 0.63 years with no sex difference. The probability of surviving 40 years after the diagnosis of CF was made was 83.3% (confidence interval 80.1–86.6%). This is considerably higher than any other published survival probability. An early anti‐Pseudomonas aeruginosa treatment regimen seemed important in achieving the observed improved survival. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1996; 21:153–158. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
‘New-wave’ global firms: Web 2.0 and SME internationalisation

Abstract It is now widely accepted that the Internet and allied information communication technologies have facilitated small and medium enterprises' internationalisation. Moreover, as the World Wide Web (WWW) has evolved, it has provided new tools that enable such firms to internationalise more rapidly and engage more effectively with customers in a wider range of more complex business activities. Within the last decade, significant advances in the WWW (Web 2.0), open-source architecture, and open-innovation strategies have led to the emergence of a ‘new wave’ of global firms. For these firms the Internet is a key driver of business development and speedy internationalisation. In this paper, having synthesised the literature on the Internet and rapid internationalisation and on open innovation, we discuss how these new-wave firms leverage value through close collaboration with other firms and co-creation with customers. Thereafter, we provide illustrative cases of these new-wave firms developed using Internet sources. These cases demonstrate how the focal firms have used Web 2.0 tools and techniques to leverage their internal and external capabilities, and become rapidly internationalising firms with fuzzy porous boundaries. Finally, we reflect upon the implications of Web 2.0 for business strategy, public policy, and academic enquiry, and propose an agenda for further research.