Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Absence of exercise-induced variations in adiponectin levels despite decreased abdominal adiposity and improved insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic men.

OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of an intensive training program on fasting leptin and adiponectin levels. METHODS Sixteen middle-aged men with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to either a training or control group. The training program consisted of 8 weeks of supervised endurance exercise (75% VO(2peak), 45 min) twice a week, with intermittent exercise (five 2 min exercises at 85% VO(2peak) separated by 3 min exercises at 50% VO(2peak)) once a week, on an ergocycle. RESULTS Training decreased abdominal fat by 44%, increased mid-thigh muscle cross-sectional area by 24%, and improved insulin sensitivity by 58% without significant change in body weight. Compared with controls, no significant variation in leptin or adiponectin levels was observed. However, in the trained group, change in adiponectin correlated with change in body weight (Spearman rank correlation, r(s):-0.76, P=0.03) but not with insulin sensitivity or abdominal adiposity variations. CONCLUSIONS An 8 week intensive training program inducing a marked reduction in abdominal fat and increase in insulin sensitivity does not affect adiponectin and leptin levels in men with type 2 diabetes.
Research progress of long noncoding RNA in China

RNA is essential for all kingdoms of life and exerts important functions beyond transferring genetic information from DNA to protein. With the advent of the state‐of‐the‐art deep sequencing technology, a large portion of noncoding transcripts in eukaryotic genomes has been broadly identified. Among them, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been emerged as a new class of RNA molecules that have regulatory potential in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Here we summarize recent research progresses that have been made by scientists in China on lncRNAs, including their biogenesis, functional implication and the underlying mechanism of action at the current stage. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(11):887–893, 2016
Development and regulation of dendritic stratification in retinal ganglion cells by glutamate-mediated afferent activity

In the mature retina, the dendrites of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are segregated into either ON or OFF sublaminae of the inner plexiform layer (IPL), but early in development the dendritic processes of these cells are multistratified, ramifying throughout the IPL. We examined the time course of dendritic stratification in developing beta cells, the largest class of ganglion cells in the cat retina, by retrograde labeling of fixed tissue with Dil. Dendritic stratification begins in the central and peripheral retina by embryonic day 50, about 2 weeks before birth and is not fully completed until 5 months postnatally. A clear central-to-peripheral gradient in the incidence of stratified beta cells first becomes evident shortly after birth. This stratification process was effectively halted by short-term intraocular injections (4–11 d) of the glutamate analog 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (APB), which hyperpolarizes rod bipolar cells and ON cone bipolar cells, thereby preventing the release of glutamate by these interneurons. APB treatment did not alter the somal sizes or the tangential extent of the dendrites of developing beta cells, nor did it cause abnormal loss of these neurons. The organization of the inner nuclear layer, containing the APB-sensitive bipolar cells, was also not compromised by such injections. When APB treatment was discontinued there was a rapid resumption of dendritic stratification resulting in a normal incidence of stratified RGCs. Thus, short-term APB treatment causes a delay rather than a permanent arrest of the stratification process. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Characteristics, complications, and gaps in evidence-based interventions in rheumatic heart disease: the Global Rheumatic Heart Disease Registry (the REMEDY study).

AIMS Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) accounts for over a million premature deaths annually; however, there is little contemporary information on presentation, complications, and treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS This prospective registry enrolled 3343 patients (median age 28 years, 66.2% female) presenting with RHD at 25 hospitals in 12 African countries, India, and Yemen between January 2010 and November 2012. The majority (63.9%) had moderate-to-severe multivalvular disease complicated by congestive heart failure (33.4%), pulmonary hypertension (28.8%), atrial fibrillation (AF) (21.8%), stroke (7.1%), infective endocarditis (4%), and major bleeding (2.7%). One-quarter of adults and 5.3% of children had decreased left ventricular (LV) systolic function; 23% of adults and 14.1% of children had dilated LVs. Fifty-five percent (n = 1761) of patients were on secondary antibiotic prophylaxis. Oral anti-coagulants were prescribed in 69.5% (n = 946) of patients with mechanical valves (n = 501), AF (n = 397), and high-risk mitral stenosis in sinus rhythm (n = 48). However, only 28.3% (n = 269) had a therapeutic international normalized ratio. Among 1825 women of childbearing age (12-51 years), only 3.6% (n = 65) were on contraception. The utilization of valvuloplasty and valve surgery was higher in upper-middle compared with lower-income countries. CONCLUSION Rheumatic heart disease patients were young, predominantly female, and had high prevalence of major cardiovascular complications. There is suboptimal utilization of secondary antibiotic prophylaxis, oral anti-coagulation, and contraception, and variations in the use of percutaneous and surgical interventions by country income level.
Simulation and visualization of guided wave propagation by large-scale 3 D FEM

Abstract. Ultrasonic guided waves have been widely applied to the long-range inspection of straight piping. The interpretation of the guided wave ultrasonic testing data beyond welds and elbows is challenging because there are many wave modes with different sound velocity. One of the key techniques to examine the beam path of each guided wave mode is the visualization of ultrasonic wave propagation. The authors have employed a large-scale FEM code for bulk wave propagation to the interpretation of UT data, analysis of suitable UT condition and training of UT. This paper describes the simulation and visualization of guided wave propagation in pipes and beyond elbows and welds via a large-scale 3D pure FEM code, which has over one billion elements and parallel computing system. This study presents the comparisons between the simulated and experimental results.
The hidden structure of overimitation

Young children are surprisingly judicious imitators, but there are also times when their reproduction of others' actions appears strikingly illogical. For example, children who observe an adult inefficiently operating a novel object frequently engage in what we term overimitation, persistently reproducing the adult's unnecessary actions. Although children readily overimitate irrelevant actions that even chimpanzees ignore, this curious effect has previously attracted little interest; it has been assumed that children overimitate not for theoretically significant reasons, but rather as a purely social exercise. In this paper, however, we challenge this view, presenting evidence that overimitation reflects a more fundamental cognitive process. We show that children who observe an adult intentionally manipulating a novel object have a strong tendency to encode all of the adult's actions as causally meaningful, implicitly revising their causal understanding of the object accordingly. This automatic causal encoding process allows children to rapidly calibrate their causal beliefs about even the most opaque physical systems, but it also carries a cost. When some of the adult's purposeful actions are unnecessary—even transparently so—children are highly prone to mis-encoding them as causally significant. The resulting distortions in children's causal beliefs are the true cause of overimitation, a fact that makes the effect remarkably resistant to extinction. Despite countervailing task demands, time pressure, and even direct warnings, children are frequently unable to avoid reproducing the adult's irrelevant actions because they have already incorporated them into their representation of the target object's causal structure.
A novel type-2 fuzzy logic control of induction motor drive using Scalar Control

This paper presents three PWM techniques, space vector PWM (SVPWM), Bus clamped SVPWM1 (BCSVPWM1) and Bus clamped SVPWM2 (BCSVPWM2), which results in the same average switching frequency for a given sampling time, and speed of induction is control using Scalar Control. SVPWM gives the more rms stator flux ripples in induction motor at 0.76 modulation indices, which gives more ripples in current and torque distortion. The flux performance of the induction motor is improved using three PWM (TPWM) due to twin switching transition with less area of rms stator flux ripple. The PI-control (PIC) doesn't give the good dynamic performance of the induction motor drive using two level Voltage Source Inverter due to sudden changes in the load or speed. Further to improve dynamic performance in the torque and Flux of induction motor drive is simulated using type-2 fuzzy logic control (TP2FLC) in place of PIC because; TP2FLC is effectively dealing with uncertainties, and simulation results of speed, torque, flux and stator current of induction motor is compare with PIC of SVPWM and TPWM.
An overview of social network analysis

Data mining is being increasingly applied to social networks. Two relevant reasons are the growing availability of large volumes of relational data, boosted by the proliferation of social media web sites, and the intuition that an individual's connections can yield richer information than his/her isolate attributes. This synergistic combination can show to be germane to a variety of applications such as churn prediction, fraud detection and marketing campaigns. This paper attempts to provide a general and succinct overview of the essentials of social network analysis for those interested in taking a first look at this area and oriented to use data mining in social networks. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Telecommunications systems engineering using SDL

Specification of Telecommunication Systems. Specifying a Telecommunication System. Basic Constructs. The Role of CCITT. SDL History. Behaviour Representation. Example of a Telecommunication Service. SDL Process. Instance. SDL Representation of a Telecommunication Service. Communication. Communication Model. Explicit Signal Communication. Communication via Shared Data. Communication via Instance Activation. Hand Shake Communication. Channel. Signal Route. Example of Communication Representation. Structure Representation. Structuring Model. System. Internal Structure. Communication Structure. Behaviour Structure. Partitioning. Visibility Structure. Examples of Structure Representation. Declarative Specification. Data Overview. Abstract Data Types. Sorts Easily Defined. Defining Sorts from First Principles. Further Explanation of the Predefined Type. Writing Our Own Sorts. Use of Abstract Data Types. Example of a Fully Declarative Specification. System Specification. Language and Methodology. Selecting the Mixing. Building up the Documentation. Mixing GR and PR. Generic System Specification. System Specification Implications. Specification Example. Appendices: PR Production Rules. GR Production Rules. Overview of Applications and Tools. Bibliographical References. Subject Index.
An Introduction to Aggregation Grid

Aggregation grid enables all grid nodes connected with a hierarchical architecture into a world-wide grid which can provide all services to all grid nodes for anyone who visits any grid node in the aggregation grid. Once users submit service requests anywhere, the aggregation grid would find the service regardless of where the service is, and will provide the service to users’ desktop. Service discovery is fast through lookup service snapshot, aggregation path table and aggregation route table, can find the best service provider through man-made response latency, and is safe through agent aggregation node’s symmetrical password. The grid channel, which is very safeguarded by authentication of the display, the borrower node’s public key for encryption, the lender node’s public key for encryption, the grid channel’s symmetrical password, directly connects users and services in order to cut down transfer time.
Epigenetic performers in plants ‡

Epigenetic research is at the forefront of plant biology and molecular genetics. Studies on higher plants underscore the significant role played by epigenetics in both plant development and stress response. Relatively recent advances in analytical methodology have allowed for a significant expansion of what is known about genome‐wide mapping of DNA methylation and histone modifications. In this review, we explore the different modification patterns in plant epigenetics, and the key factors involved in the epigenetic process, in order to illustrate various putative mechanisms. Experimental technology to exploit these modifications, and proposed focus areas for future plant epigenetic research, are also presented.
THE SUBTYPES OF PANCREATIC DUCTAL ADENOCARCINOMAS

Being the 4 th leading cause of cancer deaths in the U.S and with a global increase in incidence, above 80% of pancreatic cancers are locally advanced or metastatic at the time of diagnosis. As surgical resection is the only hope for a cure, the answer is probably in early screening, proper classification and right therapy. The advancing research will likely lead to a better understanding of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) as well as enhance the techniques for screening, diagnosis, accurate subtyping and enable the use of targeted therapy. Thus, instead of clubbing together various subtypes of PDAC for trials, improving the subcategorization will ensure statistical significance for the academicians, and the clinicians would avoid administration of placebo drug to a vast number of patients
Treatment of Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus in the Preterm Infant with a Ventricular Access Device

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and subsequent posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) commonly complicate the course of extremely preterm infants. Many methods for treating the hydrocephalus have been used, none of which are ideal. We present the largest series of infants with PHH treated with one modality, the ventricular access device (VAD). One hundred and forty-nine preterm infants with PHH were treated by placement of a VAD and serial taps to control intracranial pressure and ventricular size. Variables recorded include gender, race, gestational age, weight at birth, IVH grade, incidence of VAD infection, malfunction or local wound problems and indwelling time to either shunt placement or VAD removal. Of the 149 preterm infants, 91 were males and 58 females. The average birth weight was 994 g and the average gestational age at birth was 26.3 weeks. Three infants were IVH grade 1, 8 were grade 2, 62 were grade 3 and 76 were grade 4. VAD occlusion occurred in 15 infants (10%). Nine infants required contralateral VAD placement for a trapped ventricle. VAD infection occurred in 12 infants (8%), 5 of whom were treated successfully with a combination of systemic and intra-VAD antibiotics without removal of the VAD. The total rate of revision was thus 20% (15 for occlusion, 9 for trapped ventricle, 7 for infection). Wound problems were minimal and consisted of 4 cerebrospinal fluid leaks and 14 subgaleal fluid collections. For the 133 survivors, the rate of shunt placement was 88%. The VAD, while not ideal, is an excellent treatment at this time for PHH. It can be utilized for several months with acceptable rates of infection, blockage and wound complications. The VAD tap is simple to perform, not disruptive to minimal stimulation protocols, and can be done by physician extenders. In addition, medications can be administered via the access device, thus allowing treatment of some infections without VAD removal as well as instillation of thrombolytic agents such as urokinase.
Test de propriété pour l'homomorphisme de graphes et d'hypergraphes

Dans ce rapport, nous nous interessons a l'utilisation de testeurs de proprietes pour la recherche d'homomorphismes de graphes et d'hypergraphes. Apres avoir montre quel genre de resultat nous pouvions attendre, nous etudions comment adapter les meilleurs testeurs connus a ce jour pour la resolution du probleme k-max-csp, les limites de ces algorithmes utilises dans le cadre de l'homomorphisme de graphes, et donnons de nouvelles bornes inferieures theoriques concernant ce genre d'algorithmes. En particulier, nous montrons que l'homomorphisme de graphe n'est pas effi cacement testable dans les modeles non-dense, ce que nous prouvons en generalisant le concept de graphe de Behrend.
Microalbuminuria predicts cardiovascular events and renal insufficiency in patients with essential hypertension

Background Some patients with essential hypertension manifest greater than normal urinary excretion of albumin (UAE). Authors of a few retrospective studies have suggested that there is an association between microalbuminuria and cardiovascular risk. Objective To evaluate whether microalbuminuria is associated with a greater than normal risk of cardiovascular and renal events. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of 141 hypertensive individuals followed up for approximately 7 years. Hypertensive patients were defined as having microalbuminuria if the baseline average UAE of three urine collections was in the range 30–300 mg/24 h. Results Fifty-four patients had microalbuminuria and 87 had normal UAE. At baseline, the two groups were similar for age, weight, blood pressure, and rate of clearance of creatinine. Serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and uric acid in patients with microalbuminuria were higher than levels in those with normal UAE, whereas levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with microalbuminuria were lower than levels in patient with normal UAE. During follow-up, 12 cardiovascular events occurred among the 54 (21.3%) patients with microalbuminuria and only two such events among the 87 patients with normal UAE (P < 0.0002). Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that UAE (P = 0.003), cholesterol level (P = 0.047) and diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.03) were independent predictors of the cardiovascular outcome. Rate of clearance of creatinine from patients with microalbuminuria decreased more than did that from those with normal UAE (decrease of 12.1 ± 2.77 versus 7.1 ± 0.88 ml/min, P < 0.03). Conclusions This study suggests that hypertensive individuals with microalbuminuria manifest a greater incidence of cardiovascular events and a greater decline in renal function than do patients with normal UAE.
Wide Distribution and Diversity of Members of the Bacterial Kingdom Acidobacterium in the Environment

ABSTRACT To assess the distribution and diversity of members of the recently identified bacterial kingdom Acidobacterium, members of this kingdom present in 43 environmental samples were surveyed by PCR amplification. A primer designed to amplify rRNA gene sequences (ribosomal DNAs [rDNAs]) from most known members of the kingdom was used to interrogate bulk DNA extracted from the samples. Positive PCR results were obtained with all temperate soil and sediment samples tested, as well as some hot spring samples, indicating that members of this kingdom are very widespread in terrestrial environments. PCR primers specific for four phylogenetic subgroups within the kingdom were used in similar surveys. All four subgroups were detected in most neutral soils and some sediments, while only two of the groups were seen in most low-pH environments. The combined use of these primers allowed identification of a novel lineage within the kingdom in a hot spring environment. Phylogenetic analysis of rDNA sequences from our survey and the literature outlines at least six major subgroups within the kingdom. Taken together, these data suggest that members of theAcidobacterium kingdom are as genetically and metabolically diverse, environmentally widespread and perhaps as ecologically important as the well-known Proteobacteria and gram-positive bacterial kingdoms.
EIGHTY YEARS OF FOUNDATIONAL STUDIES

Abstract A survey is made of work since 1879 on foundational problems viewed as an analysis, by reduction and formalization, of the concepts proof, feasible, number, set, and constructivity. It is suggested that there are five domains of concepts and methods, viz., anthropologism, finitism, intuitionism, predicativism, and platonism. It is also suggested that the central problem is to characterize these domains by formalization and to determine their interrelations by different forms of reduction. Finally, the range of logic in the narrower sense is discussed, and applications of mathematical logic are briefly outlined. Zusammenfassung Die Entwicklung der Grundlagenforschung seit dem Jahre 1879 wird hier im Uberblick dargestellt und zwar vom Standpunkt einer Analyse durch Reduktion and Formalisierung der Begriffe Beweis, Zahl, Menge und Konstruktivitat aus gesehen. Funf Bereiche von Begriffsbildungen und Methoden werden zu Grunde gelegt, namlich: Anthropologismus, Finitismus, Intuitionismus, Pradikativismus und Platonismus. Als zentrale Aufgabenstellung wird hier die Charakterisierung dieser Bereiche durch Formalisierung betrachtet und weiterhin die Bestimmung ihrer gegenseitigen Zusammenhange durch verschiedene Arten von Reduktionen. Schliesslich wird das Gebiet der Logik im engeren Sinne diskutiert und Anwendungen der mathematischen Logik skizziert. Resume L'article reexamine les travaux faits depuis 1879 sur les problemes du fondement des mathematiques, que P'on considere comme des analyses par reduction et formalisation des concepts de demonstration, de nombre, d'ensemble, et de constructivite. On suggere qu'il existe cinq domaines de concepts et de methodes, a savoir: anthropologisme, finitisme, intuitionisme, « predicativism » et platonisme. On suggere aussi que le probleme essentiel consiste a caracteriser ces domaines par formalisation et a determiner leurs relations reciproques par differentes formes de reduction. Finalement, on etudie la portee de la logique prise dans son sens le plus etroit et on esquisse rapidement les applications de la logique mathematique.
Distrofia muscular de duchenne. Perspectivas desde la rehabilitación

La Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne (DMD) es una enfermedad hereditaria de tipo neuromuscular progresiva, que se presenta durante la infancia; afecta aproximadamente 1 de cada 3500 a 6000 ninos varones nacidos vivos. El gen DMD que codifica para la distrofina, una proteina estructural del musculo, se localiza en el brazo corto del cromosoma X en la region p21, puede sufrir diferentes mutaciones ocasionando la perdida parcial o total de la proteina lo que origina la DMD y otras enfermedades relacionadas como la Distrofia Muscular de Becker, que es una distrofia de forma mas leve. Esta es una enfermedad discapacitante que se caracteriza por un deterioro progresivo de los musculos, y en las etapas avanzadas de la enfermedad se presentan generalmente complicaciones cardiorespiratorias que son las causas principales que ocasionan la muerte al paciente. Desde el punto de vista de la rehabilitacion, cuyo objetivo es retrasar la progresion de la enfermedad, se han venido desarrollado una serie de estrategias de tratamiento y manejo que involucran grupos multidisciplinarios; estas van desde trabajo en gimnasio con terapeutas para estiramientos hasta prescripcion de sillas de ruedas y formulacion de ventilacion mecanica no invasiva, que si bien se sabe no modifican las bases geneticas de la enfermedad, si mejoran de forma importante la independencia del paciente, facilitan los cuidados por parte de la familia y los cuidadores y permiten una mejor calidad de vida.