Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disturbed blood flow induces erosive injury to smooth muscle cell‐rich neointima and promotes thrombus formation in rabbit femoral arteries

Summary. Background: Plaque erosion is a cause of atherothrombosis that preferentially occurs on smooth muscle cell (SMC)‐ and proteoglycan‐rich rather than lipid‐rich plaques. However, its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Objective: To determine whether disturbed blood flow induces erosive injury and thrombus formation on SMC‐rich neointima. Methods: Three weeks after balloon injury, SMC‐rich neointima with increased tissue factor (TF) activity developed in rabbit femoral arteries that were narrowed with a vascular occluder to disturb blood flow after stenosis. Neointimal injury and thrombus formation were assessed at 15, 30, and 180 min after the vascular narrowing. Results: Endothelial detachment, platelet adhesion and neointimal cell apoptosis became evident at the post‐stenotic regions of all femoral arteries (n = 5) within 15 min of narrowing. Mural thrombi composed of platelet and fibrin developed after 30 min, and then occlusive thrombi were generated in three out of five vessels after 180 min. The identical vascular narrowing of normal femoral arteries also induced endothelial detachment with small platelet thrombi at post‐stenotic regions, but fibrin and occlusive thrombi did not develop. Computational simulation analysis indicated that oscillatory shear stress contributes to the development of erosive damage to the neointima. Conclusions: These results suggest that disturbed post‐stenotic blood flow can induce erosive injury in SMC‐rich plaques and promote thrombus formation that results in vascular events.
Biochemical, Molecular, and Genetic Analyses of the Acetone Carboxylases from Xanthobacter autotrophicus Strain Py2 and Rhodobacter capsulatus Strain B10

ABSTRACT Acetone carboxylase is the key enzyme of bacterial acetone metabolism, catalyzing the condensation of acetone and CO2 to form acetoacetate. In this study, the acetone carboxylase of the purple nonsulfur photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus was purified to homogeneity and compared to that of Xanthobacter autotrophicus strain Py2, the only other organism from which an acetone carboxylase has been purified. The biochemical properties of the enzymes were virtually indistinguishable, with identical subunit compositions (α2β2γ2 multimers of 85-, 78-, and 20-kDa subunits), reaction stoichiometries (CH3COCH3 + CO2 + ATP→CH3COCH2COO− + H+ + AMP + 2Pi), and kinetic properties (Km for acetone, 8 μM; kcat = 45 min−1). Both enzymes were expressed to high levels (17 to 25% of soluble protein) in cells grown with acetone as the carbon source but were not present at detectable levels in cells grown with other carbon sources. The genes encoding the acetone carboxylase subunits were identified by transposon mutagenesis of X. autotrophicus and sequence analysis of the R. capsulatus genome and were found to be clustered in similar operons consisting of the genes acxA (β subunit), acxB (α subunit), and acxC (γ subunit). Transposon mutagenesis of X. autotrophicus revealed a requirement of σ54 and a σ54-dependent transcriptional activator (AcxR) for acetone-dependent growth and acetone carboxylase gene expression. A potential σ54-dependent promoter 122 bp upstream of X. autotrophicus acxABC was identified. An AcxR gene homolog was identified 127 bp upstream of acxA in R. capsulatus, but this activator lacked key features of σ54-dependent activators, and the associated acxABC lacked an apparent σ54-dependent promoter, suggesting that σ54 is not required for expression of acxABC in R. capsulatus. These studies reveal a conserved strategy of ATP-dependent acetone carboxylation and the involvement of transcriptional enhancers in acetone carboxylase gene expression in gram-negative acetone-utilizing bacteria.
Product-representative 'at speed' test structures for CMOS characterization

The design of product-representative test structures for measuring and characterizing CMOS circuit performance, power, and variability at speeds characteristic of present-day microprocessors is described. The current use of this set of test structures in the IBM partially depleted silicon-on-insulator CMOS technologies covers diagnostics in early process development, monitoring mature processes in manufacturing, enabling model-to-hardware correlation, and tracking product performance. The designs focus on measuring high-frequency performance early in the product fabrication cycle while minimizing test and data analysis time. The physical layouts are compact, facilitating placement in the chip. A subset of these test structures can be measured at the first metal level, while more complex designs use three or more metal layers. Most designs are compatible with standard in-line parametric test equipment, although a limited number of bench tests continue to play an important role. Differential measurement techniques are key to many of the test structure designs. Hardware data analysis also relies heavily on differencing schemes for relating MOSFET parameters and associated parasitic components to circuit delays in a self-consistent manner.
Protective effects of a dual endothelin converting enzyme/neutral endopeptidase inhibitor on the development of pulmonary hypertension secondary to cardiac dysfunction in the rat

Endothelium‐derived nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin (ET)‐1 interact to regulate the vascular tone in pulmonary hypertension (PH). We investigated the protective effects of an orally active, dual endothelin converting enzyme (ECE)/neutral endopeptidase (NEP) inhibitor/CGS 26393 on pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary expressions of ET‐1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) during the development of PH secondary to cardiac dysfunction. Significant increases in the mean pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary arteriolar medial thickness, and pulmonary expression of ET‐1 were seen in rats subjected to aortic banding for 4 weeks, compared with sham‐operated rats. Treatment with CGS 26393 (30 mg/kg, twice daily, p.o.) began on 1 day after aortic banding. CGS 26393 treated rats had lower mean pulmonary arterial pressure (15 ± 1 mmHg, mean ± SEM, P < 0.05) compared to vehicle‐treated rats (37 ± 1 mmHg). It also normalized pulmonary arteriolar medial thickness and reduced the levels of pulmonary ET‐1 and big ET‐1 by 55% (P < 0.05) and 28% (P < 0.01), respectively, when compared with vehicle‐treated animals. Meanwhile, the expressions of eNOS mRNA and eNOS protein and cGMP levels in the lung of CGS 26393‐treated rats were increased by 62% (P < 0.05), 100% (P < 0.05), and 32% (P < 0.01), respectively, compared to the vehicle‐treated rats. These results suggest that CGS 26393 could offer preventive effects on the development of PH by ameliorating pulmonary remodeling, decreasing ET‐1 production, and up‐regulating eNOS and cGMP in aorta‐banded rats. However, the molecular mechanisms by which treatment with CGS 26393 results in altered expressions of eNOS and cGMP awaits further investigation. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010;45:1076–1085. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Incretin-based therapies in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

CONTEXT Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide are incretins secreted from enteroendocrine cells postprandially in part to regulate glucose homeostasis. Dysregulation of these hormones is evident in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Two new drugs, exenatide (GLP-1 mimetic) and sitagliptin [dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) 4 inhibitor], have been approved by regulatory agencies for treating T2DM. Liraglutide (GLP-1 mimetic) and vildagliptin (DPP 4 inhibitor) are expected to arrive on the market soon. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The background of incretin-based therapy and selected clinical trials of these four drugs are reviewed. A MEDLINE search was conducted for published articles using the key words incretin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, GLP-1, exendin-4, exenatide, DPP 4, liraglutide, sitagliptin, and vildagliptin. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Exenatide and liraglutide are injection based. Three-year follow-up data on exenatide showed a sustained weight loss and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) reduction of 1%. Nausea and vomiting are common. Results from phase 3 studies are pending on liraglutide. Sitagliptin and vildagliptin are orally active. In 24-wk studies, sitagliptin reduces HbA(1c) by 0.6-0.8% as monotherapy, 1.8% as initial combination therapy with metformin, and 0.7% as add-on therapy to metformin. Vildagliptin monotherapy lowered HbA(1c) by 1.0-1.4% after 24 wk. Their major side effects are urinary tract and nasopharyngeal infections and headaches. Exenatide and liraglutide cause weight loss, whereas sitagliptin and vildagliptin do not. CONCLUSIONS The availability of GLP-1 mimetics and DPP 4 inhibitors has increased our armamentarium for treating T2DM. Unresolved issues such as the effects of GLP-1 mimetics and DPP 4 inhibitors on beta-cell mass, the mechanism by which GLP-1 mimetics lowers glucagon levels, and exactly how DPP 4 inhibitors lead to a decline in plasma glucose levels without an increase in insulin secretion, need further research.
Epsilon-Aminocaproic Acid (EACA)

Epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) is a synthetic inhibitor of the plasmin-plasminogen system. It is the only potent antifibrinolytic agent which is commercially available in the United States. Effective blood levels of the drug are readily obtainable with either oral or intravenous administration, with very high levels of the drug being found in the urine since the drug is greatly concentrated during excretion. EACA has been used in numerous clinical situations to control bleeding and has been claimed to be an effective agent in subarachnoid hemorrhage, genitourinary bleeding from many causes, and in dental surgery in hemophiliacs. It may also be effective in several less well studied situations such as prophylaxis of bleeding episodes in hemophiliacs, control of menorrhagia, gastrointestinal bleeding, obstetrical bleeding and in bleeding following cardiac and thoracic surgery. Major side effects from EACA include hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, rhabdomyolysis, and generation of thrombi. The incidence of thrombotic events secondary to the inhibition of the fibrinolytic system by EACA is unknown, but may be particularly increased in those patients who have some underlying predisposition to develop thrombosis. The potential benefit from the use of EACA must be weighed against the possible serious complications, particularly the development of widespread thrombi.
Clozapine Rechallenge After Neutropenia or Leucopenia

Abstract To rechallenge with clozapine for a patient who previously has experienced neutropenia or leucopenia or during clozapine treatment is a difficult clinical decision. Herein, we analyzed the results of such a rechallenge in 19 patients. We analyzed all the reports, from the database of the pharmacovigilance department of the Argentine National Administration of Drugs, Foods, and Medical Devices, of patients who were rechallenged with clozapine after a leucopenia or a neutropenia. Nineteen cases of rechallenge after leucopenia or neutropenia were reported between 1996 and 2014. One third of the patients re-exposed to clozapine developed a new hematologic adverse reaction. The second blood dyscrasia was less severe in 83% of the cases and had a shorter median latency as compared with the first (8 weeks vs 182 weeks, P = 0.0045). There were no significant differences for demographic and clinical characteristics of patients who developed a second dyscrasia as compared with those who did not. The present study shows that almost 70% of the patients rechallenged with clozapine after a leucopenia or a neutropenia did not develop a new hematological adverse effect, whereas the remaining 30% had a faster but less serious neutropenia.
Validation of a nonrigid registration framework that accommodates tissue resection

We present a 3D extension and validation of an intra-operative registration framework that accommodates tissue resection. The framework is based on the bijective Demons method, but instead of regularizing with the traditional Gaussian smoother, we apply an anisotropic diffusion filter with the resection modeled as a diffusion sink. The diffusion sink prevents unwanted Demon forces that originates from the resected area from diffusing into the surrounding area. Another attractive property of the diffusion sink is the resulting continuous deformation field across the diffusion sink boundary, which allows us to move the boundary of the diffusion sink without changing values in the deformation field. The area of resection is estimated by a level-set method evolving in the space of image intensity disagreements in the intra-operative image domain. A product of using the bijective Demons method is that we can also provide an accurate estimate of the resected tissue in the preoperative image space. Validation of the proposed method was performed on a set of 25 synthetic images. Our experiments show a significant improvement in accommodating resection using the proposed method compared to two other Demons based methods.
MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS OF THE MECHANICAL DEFORMATION OF NANOPOROUS GOLD

Nanoporous (np) materials are a class of high strength and low density materials that have unique mechanical, chemical and physical characteristics that accompany them due to the size effect and high surface-area to volume ratio. Their mechanical properties play a vital role in many of their applications such as actuators, sensors and energy absorbers. In this work, the mechanical deformation behavior of np-Au under tensile and compressive stresses was studied by molecular dynamics simulations. The models representing np-Au were generated to capture the morphological features of np metals that have been processed via dealloying techniques. From the results of the simulations, it was found that these materials are brittle under uniaxial tensile loading and are very ductile under compressive loading. The engineering stress-strain relationship suggests that they have characteristic high yield strength and that these unique materials may even be stronger than bulk Au and also have the advantage of being highly porous. The macroscopic brittleness of np-Au presents a problem for useful application of these materials, but the microstructural features can be tailored to reduce the catastrophic failure. Under compression, their deformation behavior is similar to that of the Gibson and Ashby cubic unit cell model where cell wall bending is predicted to be the main deformation mechanism. One important difference between the predicted behavior according to the Gibson and Ashby model and the behavior observed from the atomistic simulations is that for the latter there is considerable strain hardening before foam densification occurs. By examining the crystallographic defects, the strain hardening behavior has been attributed to defects in the crystal structure that accumulates at the joints.
Improved convergence of numerical device simulation iterative algorithms

Two techniques are described which serve to minimize the problem of slow Newton convergence and, at times, divergence sometimes experienced in applying this iterative technique to the solution of nonlinear semiconductor equations. The truncated correction method limits the wide excursions in the solution parameters which can occur during the Newton iterative procedure and thereby permits fewer voltage increments to be used in applying large bias voltages (1000 V)in simulating semiconductor power device operation. The doping-incrementation method uses the technique of gradually incrementing the doping levels in the heavily doped regions in a device structure to provide better solution first guesses in the simulation of devices containing such regions. Substantial savings in computer time are obtained in applying these two numerical procedures.
A Novel Image Searching/Retrieving Approach using Sample Image and Text

: The current image searching approach is successful in retrieving images, using keyword based approach for image content based approach. This system are design to analysis the images from query log and its fail to retrieve the new query’s which are not present in query log and in this system first user give input in the form of text and then system provide click-thorough session. Then user click on images to retrieve more similar, relevant images as an output, but this process was time consuming and its gives images from log history. This existing system have some limitations discuss in literature review, to overcome this limitations develop new search engine system. In this paper we see that how our new image searching approach works and what would be the results are gives to users.
AN ACADEMIC-BUSINESS PARTNERSHIP FOR Advancing Clinical Informatics

A jointly funded partnership between the school of nursing at a large midwestern university and a premier health care information technology supplier represents a pioneering event for education and for the health care information technology industry. The impetus for this partnership arose from Institute of Medicine reports published in late 1999 and early 2001 addressing the quality, error, and waste in the health care system in the United States. The Simulated E-hEalth Delivery System (SEEDS) provides opportunities based on best practices in education to learn and practice clinical skills in a state-of-the-art environment using a live-production, clinical information system designed for care delivery. A pilot project that began with a small cohort of baccalaureate nursing students has been implemented and extended. SEEDS will also be extended to other health professional programs.
Effect of a targeted subsidy on intake of fruits and vegetables among low-income women in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children.

OBJECTIVES Intake of fruits and vegetables protects against several common chronic diseases, and low income is associated with lower intake. We tested the effectiveness of a subsidy for fruits and vegetables to the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). METHODS Women who enrolled for postpartum services (n=602) at 3 WIC sites in Los Angeles were assigned to an intervention (farmers' market or supermarket, both with redeemable food vouchers) or control condition (a minimal nonfood incentive). Interventions were carried out for 6 months, and participants' diets were followed for an additional 6 months. RESULTS Intervention participants increased their consumption of fruits and vegetables and sustained the increase 6 months after the intervention was terminated (model adjusted R(2)=. 13, P<. 001). Farmers' market participants showed an increase of 1.4 servings per 4186 kJ (1000 kcal) of consumed food (P<.001) from baseline to the end of intervention compared with controls, and supermarket participants showed an increase of 0.8 servings per 4186 kJ (P=.02). CONCLUSIONS Participants valued fresh fruits and vegetables, and adding them to the WIC food packages will result in increased fruit and vegetable consumption.
Research of capacitor voltage balance control method for H-bridge inverter of hybrid 9-level inverter

This paper proposes a capacitor voltage balance control method for low-voltage H-bridge inverter of hybrid 9-level inverter based on capacitor voltage imbalance predictive estimation and the injection of zero-sequence voltage. To investigate the proposed method, the charging model of capacitor voltage of H-bridge inverter is established and the inherent mechanism of capacitor voltage imbalance is analyzed in detail. The principle of the proposed method is simple to implement without additional hardware equipment. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.
Percolation Models and Animals

Abstract We first define site- and bond-percolation models on a general graph. We underline the link between the percolation probability and the enumeration of animals. Next, we focus on certain polynomials introduced as approximants to the percolation probability for several specific graphs. We show that such polynomials can be defined for any graph and explain why they often converge in the algebra of formal power series. The difference between these polynomials—denotedPn(q)—and their formal limitP∞(q)is characterized by a doubly indexed family of correction termsdn,k. These correction terms play an important role, since they permit to extend the expansion ofP∞(q)whenPn(q)can no longer be computed. For a givenk, thedn,k's are related to ‘compact’ animals, i.e. animals with small site-perimeter with respect to their height. These animals are often easier to enumerate than general animals, and this is why some researchers were able to conjecture formulas fordn,k, forksmall, over several specified graphs. We prove some of these formulas: for site and bond directed percolation on the square lattice, and for bond directed percolation on the honeycomb lattice.
Channel MAC Protocol for Opportunistic Communication in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks

Despite significant research effort, the performance of distributed medium access control methods has failed to meet theoretical expectations. This paper proposes a protocol named "Channel MAC" performing a fully distributed medium access control based on opportunistic communication principles. In this protocol, nodes access the channel when the channel quality increases beyond a threshold, while neighbouring nodes are deemed to be silent. Once a node starts transmitting, it will keep transmitting until the channel becomes "bad. " We derive an analytical throughput limit for Channel MAC in a shared multiple access environment. Furthermore, three performance metrics of Channel MAC—throughput, fairness, and delay—are analysed in single hop and multihop scenarios using NS2 simulations. The simulation results show throughput performance improvement of up to 130% with Channel MAC over IEEE 802.11. We also show that the severe resource starvation problem (unfairness) of IEEE 802.11 in some network scenarios is reduced by the Channel MAC mechanism.
Early postnatal dexamethasone decreases hepatocyte growth factor in tracheal aspirate fluid from premature infants.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate in preterm infants the effect of dexamethasone on hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), an epithelial cell mitogen, and on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an endothelial cell mitogen, in tracheal aspirate fluid (TAF). METHODS Thirty preterm infants (birth weight: 1000-1500 g) with respiratory distress syndrome were randomized to receive dexamethasone or to serve as control subjects. Dexamethasone was started at the age of 12 to 24 hours at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/d for 2 days and 0.25 mg/kg/d for the subsequent 2 days. HGF and VEGF levels were examined from TAF samples during the first postnatal week. For eliminating the effect of dilution, the concentration of the secretory component of immunoglobulin A was determined. Student t test, 1-way analysis of variance, chi2, and simple regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Mean HGF concentrations were similar in the dexamethasone and control groups on days 1 to 2, but the dexamethasone group had a lower mean HGF concentration on days 3 to 4 and 5 to 7. In contrast, no differences existed in mean VEGF levels between the dexamethasone and control groups. CONCLUSIONS In preterm infants who received early postnatal dexamethasone, reduced levels of HGF were seen in tracheal aspirates. This reduction may participate in the suppressive effects of dexamethasone on lung development.