Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Declining Higher Education Quality Affects Postsecondary Choices: a Peruvian Case

Few adolescents in the developing world receive sufficient guidance to make crucial life decisions during the transition from secondary to postsecondary education and into the labor market. Consequently, a significant number of graduates regret the decisions they make. The excessive rigidity of most higher education systems prevents lateral shifts between programs or from technical to university education. In addition, in Peru limited information about the range of programs and their labor market outcomes, combined with an increasing number of low-quality providers, contribute to the problem. A recent survey of Peru’s urban working-age population revealed that only 35 percent of young professionals (ages 22 to 30) were satisfied with the postsecondary choices they had made. This implies that, if given the opportunity, nearly two-thirds of young professionals would choose another career or institution, a different degree (university or technical), or would have entered the labor market directly after completing their secondary education.
Real time Recognition and monitoring a Child Activity based on smart embedded sensor fusion and GSM technology 1

------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT---------------------------------------------------HUMAN activity recognition is one of the most promising research topics for a variety of areas, including pervasive and mobile computing, surveillance-based security, context-aware computing and AAL (Ambient Assistive Living). Activity recognition means, a task which involves identifying the physical activity a user is performing. In this proposed system, we describe the method of recognition of a child activity of both sexes up to the age of 16 to 29 months by using 3-axis accelerometers on leg, hand and waist of the body to prevent child accidents such as unintentional injuries at home. Falls are a major cause of injury in children. Child activities are classified into 6 daily activities which are rolling, standing still, sitting down, walking, toddling, crawling. The proposed system consists of five main components: 1) 3-axial accelerometer to measure movement in X, Y, Z direction. 2) the wireless receiver to receive the measured data over ZiGBee wireless protocol and transmit it to PC over USB connection; 3) the activity monitor and analyzer working on the PC to aggregate the measured raw data and to analyze behavioral characteristics using features and classifiers and 4) the GSM modem to broadcast emergency message alerts to their parents or a guardian. 5) The temperature sensor measures the body temperature of child.
A forward model of the respiratory system during airflow interruption

The paper presents a methodology of complex electrical model formulation for the respiratory system during airflow interruption. Adequacy of both structural and parametric description to the real physiological system has been taken care of. Properties of the valve-transducer unit, upper airways, bronchial tree, lung tissue chest wall and abdomen have been noted in an equivalent description of the electrical circuit. The resulting analog, combining more than 180 parameters, gives the possibility to imitate conditions of normal breathing and airflow interruption. A qualitative verification of the model has been conducted in the time and frequency domain, based on reported numerous experimental findings. The proposed linear description of the respiratory system can be the source of synthetic data for a verification of the interrupter method and for the procedure of model reduction to its identifiable form.
Title : THE EFFECT OF DATA CHARACTER O N EMPIRICAL CONCEPT LEARNING Contact :

T h e effect of d a t a character on empirical concept learning has typically been studied using “natural” d a t a from real domains. This presents problems, however, because natural d a t a are often limited and uncontrollable. After many years of experimentation with systems such as ID3 and PLS1, we understand their behavior only partially. Rather t han using natural da ta , this paper takes a more complex approach. Firs t we examine typical problems in an effort t o characterize concepts more completely. Then we exploit the characterization t o generate d a t a artificially. F rom these controlled da ta , we measure learning performance (speed and accuracy) as a precise function of several da t a characteristics. Our experiments and analyses refine previous results, and they lead t o some novel conclusions: 0 A useful s tar t ing point t o clarify da t a character is t he definition of t he te rm concept, which is effectively a function over instance space. 0 Characterizing a concept as a function allows us t o mimic natural d a t a and t o control the generation of artificial d a t a for extensive experimentation. 0 Data characteristics are numerous and easy t o overlook, which can easily mislead our assessments of system performance. 0 Compared with significant design factors of learning algorithms, certain d a t a characteristics are highly significant; this encourages certain research directions.
A Survey on Medical Image Segmentation

: Image segmentation may be a method of partition of a picture into completely different objects. there's a major distinction between image sweetening and segmentation. In image sweetening method is to boost the given image quality with relation to image look (brightness, contrast, texture). In this segmentation method, the actual portion of a image is highlighted in keeping with the matter outlined. Here during this paper we have a tendency to see the performance of the varied algorithms for various pictures. Medical image process desires continuous enhancements in terms of techniques and applications to assist improve quality of services in health care business. The techniques used for interpolation, image registration, compression, diagnosis area unit to be improved to be abreast with growing demands within the business and rising technologies bearing on mobile computing and cloud computing. the combination of medical instrumentation and applications with wearable devices is additionally promising space for more analysis. This paper provides helpful insights into the sphere of medical image process and tries to outline the longer term scope of labour.
Structural aspects of polyanion and hydrophobically modified polycation multilayers on hydrophilic or hydrophobic surfaces

Multilayer films of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), a polyanion, and bromide salts of poly(4-vinylpyridine) quaternized with linear aliphatic chains of 2 (ethyl) and 5 (pentyl) carbon atoms, coded as QPVP-C2 and QPVP-C5, respectively, were fabricated by layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly onto Si/SiO2 wafers (hydrophilic substrate) or polystyrene, PS, films (hydrophobic substrate). The films were characterized by means of ex situ and in situ ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact angle measurements and sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG). Antimicrobial tests were used to assess the exposure of pyridinium moieties to the aqueous medium. In situ ellipsometry indicated that for Si/SiO2 the chains were more expanded than the PS films and both substrates systems composed of QPVP-C5 were thicker than those with QPVP-C2. For dried layers, the alkyl side group size had a small effect on the thickness evolution, regardless of the substrate. At pH 2 the multilayers showed high resistance, evidencing that the build-up is driven not only by cooperative polymer–polymer ion pairing, but also by hydrophobic interactions between the alkyl side chains. The LbL films became irregular as the number of depositions increased. After the last deposition, the wettability of QPVP-C2 or QPVP-C5 terminated systems on the Si/SiO2 wafers and PS films were similar, except for QPVP-C2 on Si/SiO2 wafers. Unlike the morphology observed for LbL films on Si/SiO2 wafers, PS induced the formation of porous structures. SFG showed that in air the molecular orientation of pyridinium groups in multilayers with QPVP-C5 was stronger than in those containing QPVP-C2. The exposure of pyridinium moieties to the aqueous medium was more pronounced when the LbL were assembled on Si/SiO2 wafers.
Consumer Credit & the Housing Market: An Examination of Trends in Home Equity Lines of Credit

Any conversation regarding the current financial crisis must include a discussion of home prices. After dramatic home-price increases through the 1990’s and early 2000’s, U.S. home prices began a severe downturn during 2006. During this time period of significant price appreciation, as previous research has shown, consumers used the increased equity in their homes to finance additional consumption. A main financing vehicle for these types of purchases has been the home equity line of credit (HELOC). During the last recession, it is likely that the HELOC served as one of the only sources of additional financing for many homeowners due to job loss and/or maxed out forms of unsecured credit. Given the continued downward trend in home prices since late 2006, though, it is at least plausible that banks have been exposing themselves to greater risk than in previous recessions by continuing to fund additional HELOC lending. It is also possible that some of this added risk has been passed on to other institutions through the securitization of HELOC loans (just as with first mortgages). This paper examines trends in the HELOC segment of U.S. banks’ lending portfolios. Unlike the previous research cited, this paper examines the issue of HELOC lending solely from the bank side rather than the consumer side. The evidence suggests that much of the recent HELOC lending is, at best, no more secure than it was at the onset of the 2006 financial crisis.
Removal of Potassium from Molasses by Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange

The high content of potassium in molasses limits its usage as a raw material for stock feed. Moreover, its high viscosity makes it difficult to develop an efficient removal process. In this study, ion exchange and solvent extraction experiments have been performed to investigate the removal of potassium from a mixture of molasses with water. Cationic exchange resins (AG50W-X8 and Diphonix) showed a high loading percentage of potassium but the occurrence of breakthrough in few bed volumes was a drawback to the industrial application. Among the cationic extractants (D2EHPA, PC 88A, Cyanex 272) tested in this study, saponified PC 88A was found to be the best extractant for the removal of potassium. Batch simulation studies on a three stage counter current extraction confirmed that 85% of potassium was removed from 50 wt % molasses solution in water by using saponifed PC 88A.
Left-Handed Completeness via Cyclic Proofs

We give a new proof that the axioms of left-handed Kleene algebra are complete with respect to language containments. This proof is significantly simpler than both the proof of Boffa (which relies on Krob’s completeness result), and the more recent proof of Kozen and Silva. Our proof builds on a recent non-wellfounded sequent calculus which makes it possible to explicitly compute the invariants required for left-handed Kleene algebra.
on-destructive determination of anisotropic mechanical properties f pharmaceutical solid dosage forms

The mechanical property anisotropy of compacts made from four commercially available pharmaceutical excipient powders (microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate, ascorbic acid, and aspartame) was evaluated. The speed of pressure (longitudinal) waves in the uni-axially compressed cubic compacts of each excipient in the three principle directions was determined using a contact ultrasonic method. Average Young’s moduli of each compact in the axial (x) and radial (y and z) directions were characterized. The contact ultrasonic measurements revealed that average Young’s modulus values vary with different testing orientations which indicate Young’s modulus anisotropy in the compacts. The extent of Young’s modulus anisotropy was quantified by using a dimensionless ratio and was found to be significantly different for each material (microcrystalline cellulose > lactose > aspartame > ascorbic acid). It is
The physicochemical characteristics of residual oil and fibers from oil palm empty fruit bunches.

Abundant oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) generated from the palm oil mill industry create huge problems for the environment and the palm oil mill itself. Despite the importance of determining the amount of oil left in the OPEFB, little research of that nature has been reported. This study describes the oil content and physicochemical characteristics of OPEFB fibers, detection of oil attachment on the fiber’s surface using sudan red dye, contact angle values, and also the quality of the residual oil. The OPEFB fibers, which are normally used as mulch for the palm oil mill, have been found to be a rich source of lignocellulosic materials, especially cellulose, which constitutes 33.70 to 35.10% for a press-shredded fiber. Residual oil (3 to 7% on dry basis) extracted from the OPEFB exhibits good quality parameters such as deterioration of bleachability index (DOBI), free fatty acid (FFA), and peroxide value (PV). The DOBI values were still in the acceptable range, which is from 1.94 to 2.43, while the PV results are within the range of about 1.84 to 2.80 meq/kg. The major fatty acids of the residual fiber oil were palmitic and oleic acids, at 39.77% to 39.89% and 39.55% to 42.60%, respectively. There were no significant changes in the macronutrients and quality of the OPEFB residual oil. Therefore, the residual oil from the OPEFB should be recovered and reused as a raw material for industrial applications, boosting the oil extraction rate (OER) in the palm oil industry.
Improving self‐ and peer assessment processes with technology

Purpose – As a way of focusing curriculum development and learning outcomes universities have introduced graduate attributes, which their students should develop during their degree course. Some of these attributes are discipline‐specific, others are generic to all professions. The development of these attributes can be promoted by the careful use of self‐ and peer assessment. The authors have previously reported using the self‐ and peer assessment software tool SPARK in various contexts to facilitate opportunities to practise, develop, assess and provide feedback on these attributes. This research and that of the other developers identified the need to extend the features of SPARK, to increase its flexibility and capacity to provide feedback. This paper seeks to report the results of the initial trials to investigate the potential of these new features to improve learning outcomes.Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews some of the key literature with regard to self‐ and peer assessment, discusse.
Mass Loss from the Nuclei of Active Galaxies

■ Abstract Blueshifted absorption lines in the UV and X-ray spectra of active galaxies reveal the presence of massive outflows of ionized gas from their nuclei. The “intrinsic” UV and X-ray absorbers show large global covering factors of the central continuum source, and the inferred mass loss rates are comparable to the mass accretion rates. Many absorbers show variable ionic column densities, which are attributed to a combination of variable ionizing flux and motion of gas into and out of the line of sight. Detailed studies of the intrinsic absorbers, with the assistance of monitoring observations and photoionization models, provide constraints on their kinematics, physical conditions, and locations relative to the central continuum source, which range from the inner nucleus (»0.01 pc) to the galactic disk or halo (»10 kpc). Dynamical models that make use of thermal winds, radiation pressure, and/or hydromagnetic flows have reached a level of sophistication that permits comparisons with the observational constraints.
Speak English or What?: Codeswitching and Interpreter Use in New York City Courts

Chapter 1. Indexicalities of language choice in small claims court Chapter 2. Challenging claims: Immigrants in small claims court Chapter 3. "I've heard your story:" How arbitrators decide Chapter 4. Only translating? The role of the interpreter Chapter 5. Testifying in another language: What's lost in translation Chapter 6. Codeswitching in the courtroom Chapter 7. Language ideology and legal outcomes Appendix References
Domestic demand and global production in the Eurozone: A multi-regional input-output assessment of the global crisis

This paper studies the effects of domestic and foreign demand impulses in euro area economies following the Great Recession of 2008–2009 and the Eurozone crisis of 2011–2012. Using a global Input–Output framework we apply a set of metrics to assess spillover effects of international trade in intermediates triggered by the dynamics of final demand. Our findings suggest that while cross-country trade spillovers have played a crucial role during the Great Recession, they have had a moderate impact when compared with the role of domestic sources of final demand during the Eurozone crisis. Hence, a strategy of coordinated fiscal austerity cannot be sustained by empirical evidence.
Revisiting Electoral Volatility in Post-Communist Countries: New Data, New Results and New Approaches

This article provides a detailed set of coding rules for disaggregating electoral volatility into two components: volatility caused by new party entry and old party exit, and volatility caused by vote switching across existing parties. After providing an overview of both types of volatility in post-communist countries, the causes of volatility are analysed using a larger dataset than those used in previous studies. The results are startling: most findings based on elections in post-communist countries included in previous studies disappear. Instead, entry and exit volatility is found to be largely a function of long-term economic recovery, and it becomes clear that very little is known about what causes ‘party switching’ volatility. As a robustness test of this latter result, the authors demonstrate that systematic explanations for party-switching volatility in Western Europe can indeed be found.
Planar aggregation and the Brownian web

Diffusion limited aggregation (DLA) is a random growth model which was originally introduced in 1981 by Witten and Sander. This model is prevalent in nature and has many applications in the physical sciences as well as industrial processes. We consider a simplified version of DLA known as the Hastings-Levitov HL(0) model, and show that under certain scaling conditions this model gives rise to a limit object known as the Brownian web.
Enhanced external radiative efficiency for 20.8 efficient single-junction GaInP solar cells

We demonstrate 1.81 eV GaInP solar cells approaching the Shockley-Queisser limit with 20.8% solar conversion efficiency, 8% external radiative efficiency, and 80–90% internal radiative efficiency at one-sun AM1.5 global conditions. Optically enhanced voltage through photon recycling that improves light extraction was achieved using a back metal reflector. This optical enhancement was realized at one-sun currents when the non-radiative Sah-Noyce-Shockley junction recombination current was reduced by placing the junction at the back of the cell in a higher band gap AlGaInP layer. Electroluminescence and dark current-voltage measurements show the separate effects of optical management and non-radiative dark current reduction.
Monetary Policy and Exchange Rate Shocks in Brazil: Sign Restrictions versus A New Hybrid Identification Approach

This paper analyzes the impacts of monetary policy, exchange rate, demand, and supply exogenous disturbances on the Brazilian economy using a structural vector autoregression model identified by two alternative methodologies. The first uses sign restrictions on impulse responses based on an open-economy macroeconomic model. The second (hybrid) is a new methodology that combines the first with restrictions on the contemporaneous causal interrelationships among variables, derived by Directed Acyclic Graphs. A comparison of the results shows that while the effects of exchange rate shocks are nearly the same, the effects of monetary policy shocks depend on the methodology adopted. There is a strong response of the exchange rate to demand shocks and to shocks originating in the foreign exchange market. Exchange rate shocks have an important role in explaining short-run fluctuations of prices and output. We conclude that the exchange rate is an independent source of shocks and a shock absorber.
Dietary Intake of Purple Corn Extract Reduces Fat Body Content and Improves Antioxidant Capacity and n‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Profile in Plasma of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

A study was conducted to determine the benefits of the intake of purple corn extract (PCE), a natural source of anthocyanins, in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. A control or test diet supplemented with 5% PCE was fed to triplicate tanks with 25 fish each for 8 wk. The concentrations of three anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, and peonidin-3-glucoside, were measured in PCE. The chemical composition and fatty acid profiles of fish, as well as the fatty acid profiles in plasma, liver, and muscle were determined. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the concentration of oxidative damage biomarkers, for example, protein carbonyls, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), were determined in plasma. Transcription of two antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase 1 (gpx1) and superoxide dismutase 1 (sod1), was measured in erythrocytes. Significant lower adiposity and significant higher percentage of total n-3 and total n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the body of fish fed the test diet were detected. Significant higher plasma percentage of total n-3 PUFA, significant higher plasma TAC, and significant higher expression of gpx1 in erythrocytes of fish fed the test diet were measured. Overall, our results suggest potential protection against in vivo lipid peroxidation in fish fed the PCE supplemented diet. This is especially true due to detection of an enhanced antioxidant protection in plasma and erythrocytes in fish, the reduced adiposity and greater proportion of total n-3 and n-6 PUFA in the fish body, as well as a tendency toward lower TBARS plasma concentration in fish fed the test diet when compared to the control group.
Dressings can prevent pressure ulcers: fact or fallacy? The problem of pressure ulcer prevention

Martyn Butcher is an Independent Non-medical Prescriber, Independent Tissue Viability and Wound Care Consultant; Geoffrey Thompson is an Infection Prevention/Control Audit and Research Nurse, Worcestershire Acute Hospitals Trust NHS UK, Independent Tissue Viability Nurse, Trustee member, Wound Care Alliance UK In part one of this two-part article, the authors discuss the aetiology of pressure ulcers, the means of identifying those patients at risk, the range of clinical intervention strategies implemented to try and prevent their formation and the problems faced by clinicians in developing cost-effective solutions to pressure ulcer prevention. Part two will set out the scientific evidence to support the use of dressing materials to prevent pressure damage, discuss the clinical realities faced by clinicians and explore if the use of wound dressing materials has any part in a modern pressure ulcer prevention strategy.