Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Los desafíos para una educación integral: Proyecto de Tutorías y Mentorías Escuela de Trabajo Social

El presente articulo, da cuenta de la estrategia de educacion integral que aborda la Escuela de Trabajo Social, buscando alcanzar estandares de calidad en la educacion disciplinaria que imparte desde hace 25 anos. El compromiso de un equipo directivo – academico, constituye el motor de un proceso de busqueda de alternativas de formacion superior, desde las caracteristicas particulares de nuestros estudiantes, adecuando a sus demandas nuestro modelo educativo, lo que nos permite dar una respuesta efectiva a los desafios que actualmente nos plantea la educacion: “innovar en la formacion de nuestro capital humano, para enfrentar las cambiantes y crecientes necesidades que surgen en el mundo moderno. ” Nuestra sociedad hoy enfrenta la imperiosa necesidad de alcanzar estandares de calidad de vida, para lo cual se han implementado grandes reformas en educacion, salud, trabajo y las distintas areas que componen la vida del ser humano y el entorno natural y social que lo rodea, las que han resultado poco e cientes, desde la formas de intervenir. En educacion, para alcanzar dichos estandares de calidad, es pertinente la transformacion de las instituciones educativas, especialmente en lo que se re ere a dejar atras los modelos educativos “tradicionales” y asumir esa “innovacion educativa” que impacta en la labor del docente universitario de todas las disciplinas. Es necesario que los estudiantes aprendan a crear, a pensar, a sentir libremente. Que la ciencia les permita descubrir su relacion con los seres humanos, con la naturaleza, con todas las cosas. Nuestra Escuela de Trabajo Social, con satisfaccion y orgullo en el presente ano cumple 25 anos formando profesionales en esta disciplina, aplicando con exito su modelo educativo cognitivo contextualizado, que complementa con una serie de estrategias entre las que se destaca el funcionamiento de las comunidades pedagogicas y el apoyo a los estudiantes de primer ingreso que apuntan al aseguramiento de la calidad en la formacion integral. Nuestra formacion favorece en los estudiantes el despertar de la conciencia y sus inteligencias, llevandolos por el camino del progreso interior. Este modelo educativo cognitivo contextualizado, desde que ingresan los relaciona con el contexto social en que se desenvuelve nuestra profesion, desde un proceso integrador en el que experimentan el conocimiento cienti co con nes transformativo de la realidad. Ademas y de acuerdo con las necesidades cognitivas y socioemocionales de cada alumno, se elabora un programa de apoyo individualizado a n a su rendimiento academico y bienestar personal Proceso que se va graduando de acuerdo a la adaptacion que este vaya experimentando hasta lograr su autodisciplina y autonomia.
Bovine pericardium vs dacron for patch angioplasty after carotid endarterectomy: a prospective randomized study.

HYPOTHESIS Bovine pericardium (BP) demonstrates improved intraoperative hemostasis and equivalent perioperative morbidity compared with Dacron when used as patch material for angioplasty following carotid endarterectomy. OBJECTIVE To prospectively compare BP and Dacron patch angioplasty after carotid endarterectomy in a randomized fashion. METHODS Ninety-five consecutive primary carotid endarterectomies were performed in a prospective randomized fashion in 92 patients. Fifty-one procedures were performed using BP and 44 using Dacron. Intraoperative suture line bleeding was subjectively evaluated by observing bleeding at 3 and 4 minutes following carotid cross-clamp removal and then objectively weighing the sponge used to tamponade bleeding during these time intervals. Perioperative morbidity, including cervical wound hematoma, transient ischemic attack, and stroke, and perioperative mortality were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t tests, chi(2) analysis, Fisher exact test, or multiple linear regression as appropriate. RESULTS Suture line bleeding at 3 minutes was present in 7 (14%) of 51 patients in the BP group and 24 (55%) of 44 patients in the Dacron group (P<.001). Suture line bleeding evaluated at 4 minutes was present in 2 (4%) of 51 patients in the BP group and 13 (30%) of 44 patients in the Dacron group (P =.001). Net +/- SEM sponge weight (total intraoperative suture line bleeding) was 6.25 +/- 0.55 g in the BP group and 16.34 +/- 1.85 g in the Dacron group (P<.001). Total suture line bleeding was significantly affected by activated clotting time; however, multivariate analysis demonstrated that bleeding was significantly less with BP (P<.001) even after adjusting for differences in activated clotting time. CONCLUSIONS Bovine pericardium demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in intraoperative suture line bleeding compared with Dacron. Handling characteristics were judged by the surgeons to be superior for BP. Therefore, we believe BP may be an alternative to Dacron when performing patch angioplasty of the carotid artery after endarterectomy.
Cutting Edge: Vitamin D-Mediated Human Antimicrobial Activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Is Dependent on the Induction of Cathelicidin1

Host defense against intracellular pathogens depends upon innate and adaptive antimicrobial effector pathways. TLR2/1-activation of monocytes leads to the vitamin D-dependent production of cathelicidin and, at the same time, an antimicrobial activity against intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis. To determine whether induction of cathelicidin was required for the vitamin D-triggered antimicrobial activity, the human monocytic cell line THP-1 was infected with M. tuberculosis H37Ra and then activated with the active vitamin D hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3). 1,25D3 stimulation resulted in antimicrobial activity against intracellular M. tuberculosis and expression of cathelicidin mRNA and protein. Using small interfering RNA (siRNA) specific for cathelicidin, 1,25D3-induced cathelicidin mRNA and protein expressions were efficiently knocked down, whereas a nonspecific siRNA control had little effect. Finally, 1,25D3-induced antimicrobial activity was completely inhibited in the presence of siRNA against cathelicidin, instead leading to enhanced intracellular growth of mycobacteria. These data demonstrate that cathelicidin is required for the 1,25D3-triggered antimicrobial activity against intracellular M. tuberculosis.
Identification of distinct classes and functional domains of Wnts through expression of wild-type and chimeric proteins in Xenopus embryos

Wnts are secreted signaling factors which influence cell fate and cell behavior in developing embryos. Overexpression in Xenopus laevis embryos of a Xenopus Wnt, Xwnt-8, leads to a duplication of the embryonic axis. In embryos ventralized by UV irradiation, Xwnt-8 restores expression of the putative transcription factor goosecoid, and rescues normal axis formation. In contrast, overexpression of Xwnt-5A in normal embryos generates defects in dorsoanterior structures, without inducing goosecoid or a secondary axis. To determine whether Xwnt-4 and Xwnt-11 fall into one of these two previously described classes of activity, synthetic mRNAs were introduced into animal caps, normal embryos, and UV-treated embryos. The results indicate that Xwnt-4, Xwnt-5A, and Xwnt-11 are members of a single functional class with activities that are indistinguishable in these assays. To investigate whether distinct regions of Xwnt-8 and Xwnt-5A were sufficient for eliciting the observed effects of overexpression, we generated a series of chimeric Xwnts. RNAs encoding the chimeras were injected into normal and UV-irradiated Xenopus embryos. Analysis of the embryonic phenotypes and goosecoid levels reveals that chimeras composed of carboxy-terminal regions of Xwnt-8 and amino-terminal regions of Xwnt-5A are indistinguishable from the activities of native Xwnt-8 and that are the reciprocal chimeras elicit effects indistinguishable from overexpression of native Xwnt-5A. We conclude that the carboxy-terminal halves of these Xwnts are candidate domains for specifying responses to Xwnt signals.
Identification of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Genes Important for Survival in the Swine Gastric Environment

ABSTRACT Since the stomach is a first line of defense for the host against ingested microorganisms, an ex vivo swine stomach contents (SSC) assay was developed to search for genes important for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium survival in the hostile gastric environment. Initial characterization of the SSC assay (pH 3.87) using previously identified, acid-sensitive serovar Typhimurium mutants revealed a 10-fold decrease in survival for a phoP mutant following 20 min of challenge and no survival for mutants of rpoS or fur. To identify additional genes, a signature-tagged mutagenesis bank was constructed and screened in the SSC assay. Nineteen mutants were identified and individually analyzed in the SSC and acid tolerance response assays; 13 mutants exhibited a 10-fold or greater sensitivity in the SSC assay compared to the wild-type strain, but only 3 mutants displayed a 10-fold or greater decrease in survival following pH 3.0 acidic challenge. Further examination determined that the lethal effects of the SSC are pH dependent but that low pH is not the sole killing mechanism(s). Gas chromatography analysis of the SSC revealed lactic acid levels of 126 mM. Upon investigating the effects of lactic acid on serovar Typhimurium survival in a synthetic gastric fluid, not only was a concentration- and time-dependent lethal effect observed, but the phoP, rpoS, fur, and pnp genes were identified as involved in protection against lactic acid exposure. These studies indicate a role in gastric survival for several serovar Typhimurium genes and imply that the stomach environment is defined by more than low pH.
The Hemodynamic Effects of Pediatric Caudal Anesthesia Assessed by Esophageal Doppler

Pediatric caudal anesthesia is an effective method with an infrequent complication rate. However, little is known about its cardiovascular consequences. Transesophageal Doppler, a noninvasive method, provides the opportunity for a reappraisal of the hemodynamic effects of this technique. After parental informed consent, we studied 10 children aged 2 mo to 5 yr who were scheduled for lower abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was induced using sevoflurane and was followed by the insertion of a transesophageal Doppler probe. Caudal anesthesia was performed using 1 mL/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine with 1/200,000 epinephrine. Hemodynamic variables were collected before and after caudal anesthesia. No complications arose during insertion of the probe. The mean time between the two sets of measurements was 15 min. Heart rate, systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures were not modified by caudal anesthesia. Descending aortic blood flow increased significantly from 1.14 to 1.92 L/min. (P = 0.0002). Aortic ejection volume increased from 8.5 to 14.5 mL (P = 0.0002). Aortic vascular resistances decreased from 6279 to 3901 dynes · s−1 · m−5 (P = 0.005). Caudal anesthesia did not affect heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure but induced a significant increase in descending aortic blood flow.
Modulation of cis-platinum resistance in Friend erythroleukemia cells by c-myc.

The molecular genetic basis for cancer cell resistance to the important family of platinum coordination complex drugs is poorly understood. The observation that malignant cells commonly become resistant to therapy, while normal cells rarely do, suggests that certain molecular processes involved in malignancy, e.g., oncogene activation, might also play a role in drug resistance. Since aberrant expression and amplification of various myc oncogenes have been implicated in the prognosis of human cancers, the poor therapeutic response of some of these tumors might be explained if high levels of myc gene products rendered cells more refractory to therapy. We tested this hypothesis by determining the effect of varying the level of c-myc expression on resistance to cis-platinum and ionizing radiation in Friend murine erythroleukemia cells expressing varying levels of c-myc gene product. We found that a) the degree of cis-platinum resistance correlated directly with the level of c-myc expression, b) glucocorticoid induction of murine mammary tumor virus promoter-driven c-myc sequences significantly increased cis-platinum resistance, c) restoring c-myc transcript levels to normal restored the original cis-platinum sensitivity at a rate which paralleled that of induced c-myc transcript depletion, and d) c-myc transcript level had no effect on ionizing radiation response. These findings suggest that c-myc levels may influence therapeutic success in some tumors and may regulate specific processes by which cells cope with DNA damage caused by DNA cross-linking agents such as the platinum analogues, but not ionizing radiation.
Mutation Spectra of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Thymidine Kinase Mutants

ABSTRACT To examine whether the exonuclease activity intrinsic to the polymerase (Pol) of herpes simplex virus type 1 can influence the mutational spectra, we applied the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) system combined with sequencing to characterize thymidine kinase mutants isolated from both the wild-type virus and a mutant deficient in exonuclease activity, Y7. Wild-type viruses produced predominately frameshift mutations (67%), whereas Y7 replicated a significantly lower proportion of frameshifts (21%; P < 0.005). Furthermore, the majority of substitutions were transitional changes in both groups, although they distributed differently. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Quantization of Compressed Video Sequences

This paper presents a novel color quantization algorithm for compressed video data. The proposed algorithm extracts discrete cosine (DC) transform coefficients and motion vectors of blocks in a shot to estimate a cumulative color histogram of the shot and, based on the estimated histogram, design a color palette for displaying the video sequence in the shot. It significantly reduces the complexity of the generation of a palette by effectively reducing the number of training vectors used in training a palette without sacrificing the quality. The palette obtained can provide a good display quality even if zooming and panning exist in a shot. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve a significant signal-to-noise ratio improvement as compared with conventional video color-quantization schemes when zooming and panning are encountered in a shot.
Modifier genes for disorders of thrombosis and hemostasis

Summary. Most inherited hemostatic disorders exhibit incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity, which can be because of genetic or environmental interactions. This wide phenotypic variability for a given disease can be partly explained by modifier gene interactions. Modifier gene interactions have been described for VWD, TTP and venous thrombosis associated with the factor V Leiden mutation. We have exploited advances in mouse genetics in an effort to identify novel genetic loci that may serve as candidate genetic modifiers for bleeding and thrombosis in humans. We have identified several loci affecting plasma VWF levels and have identified and characterized mouse models of ADAMTS13 deficiency and Factor V Leiden that could be useful for identifying novel genes contributing to thrombosis risk in humans.
Chapter 23 Deinstitutionalization through Business Model Evolution : Women Entrepreneurs in the Middle East and North Africa

This chapter is among the first to examine the interplay between deinstitutionalization and the rollout of novel business models by women entrepreneurs in developing countries. Much of the existing literature has examined the ways in which policy directives by formal institutions are the key drivers of entrepreneurial activity among women. Implicitly, this orientation suggests that the fate of women entrepreneurs is tied to, and cascades from, macro-level deinstitutionalization efforts, arising through changes in policies, laws and regulations championed at the highest levels. While this top-down view may intuitively be attractive, there are empirical reasons to doubt that the “institutional cascading” model accurately captures the underlying mechanisms of entrepreneurial activity among women. Taking a radically different tack, we develop and test an alternative, market-based perspective in which novel business models developed by women drive deinstitutionalization in bottom-up fashion. The context for our study involves detailed case histories of 95 women who started new businesses in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), 1960–2012. Using a question-driven research design, our findings indicate that deinstitutionalization is strongly associated with the timing and substance of entrepreneurial action taken by MENA women.
Simultaneous Linear and Deformable Registration

In this paper, we present a new approach to tackle simultaneously linear and deformable registration between two images. Our combined formulation avoids the bias created when linear registration is performed independently before a deformable registration. Our registration problem is formulated as a discrete Markov Random Field and a higher order objective function. Usually, a grid is superimposed on the image domain where the latent variables correspond to the local image displacement vectors. Here, we decouple the linear part and the deformable part of the displacement vectors into two conjugate nodes of the grid. We enforce the smoothness of the deformable displacements vectors with binary potentials while the linearity is imposed through third and fourth order potentials. The resulting formulation is modular with respect to the image metric used to evaluate the correctness of mapping as well as with respect to the nature of the linear transformation (rigid, similarity, affine). Inference on this graph is performed efficiently through Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers. Promising results on medical 3D images demonstrate the potentials of our approach.
In-vitro-Verfahren zur Aktivierung basophiler Granulozyten unter Verwendung des Oberflächenmarkers CD63 bei Patienten mit Bienen- und Wespengiftallergie

Zellulare In-vitro-Tests konnen zur Abklarung einer Hymenopterengiftallergie herangezogen werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde der Basophilenaktivierungstest (BAT) an 57 Patienten durchgefuhrt. Fur das jeweilige anamnestisch angegebene Hymenopterengift ergab sich dabei fur den BAT eine Sensitivitat zwischen 97,4% und 100% und eine Spezifitat von 100%. Der BAT stellt damit einen sensitiven und spezifischen zellularen In-vitro-Test bei der Diagnose der Hymenopterengiftallergie dar, der allerdings keinen Hinweis auf die Schwere der klinischen Symptomatik gibt. Zwischen dem Grad der Zellaktivierung im BAT und der Schwere der anaphylaktischen Reaktion in der Anamnese sowie zwischen dem Grad der Basophilenaktivierung und dem Risiko fur gravierende Nebenwirkungen bei der Hyposensibilisierung konnte kein Zusammenhang festgestellt werden.
Comparative analysis of the SOH estimation based on various resistance parameters for LiCoO2 cells

State of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) are the most important part of the battery management system (BMS). Typical parameters for implementing the SOH of the cell are the equivalent resistance R and capacitance C. Cell resistances in equivalent circuit model (ECM) are divided into internal ohmic resistance Ri and diffusion resistance Rdiff by the electrochemical dynamic characteristics. This paper introduces a detailed comparison of the SOH estimation based on various resistance parameters for lithium-ion, especially LiCoO2 cells. Firstly, two resistances such as Ri and Rdiff of 1.3Ah LiCoO2 cells are extracted according to the aging levels. Secondly, real experimental data is utilized for determination of the optimal resistance that can expect an improved performance on SOH estimation of LiCoO2 cells. Finally, this work proposes the simple method using the capacity and various resistance information according to the charging and discharging current duration for SOH.
Recurrent subarachnoid hemorrhage from untreated ruptured vertebrobasilar dissecting aneurysms.

The clinical characteristics of vertebrobasilar dissecting aneurysms occurring with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) were reviewed in 42 patients, with particular focus on the time, incidence, and outcome in association with subsequent rupture. Twenty-nine patients underwent 31 surgical procedures, and the remaining 13 patients were managed without surgery. Surgical details included 19 proximal vertebral artery obliterations (including 1 case of endovascular surgery using balloon occlusion), 9 trappings, 1 wrapping, 1 bleb clipping, and 1 bleb clipping combined with wrapping. Surprisingly, subsequent rupture occurred in 30 (71.4%) of the 42 patients. Excluding one patient with postoperative rupture, 29 patients suffered a subsequent rupture in the unsecured stage. Of these 29 patients, 19 were operated on after the subsequent rupture and 10 were not operated on because of deteriorated clinical condition (9 patients) or anatomic considerations (1 patient). Of the 30 patients that suffered a subsequent rupture, 14 died. Twelve of the deaths were directly related to the second episode of rupture. Of the 12 patients who did not suffer a subsequent rupture, 10 underwent operations and there were no operative deaths. Only one patient died as the result of the initial critical SAH. The mortality (46.7%) of the patients with subsequent rupture was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that (8.3%) of the patients without subsequent rupture. Seventeen (56.7%) of the 30 subsequent ruptures occurred within 24 hours after the first SAH, and 24 (80%) occurred within the first week. Six (66.7%) of the 9 patients operated on within 24 hours after the first SAH and 11 (68.8%) of the 16 patients operated on within a week suffered preoperative subsequent ruptures. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
‘Behavioral modernity’ as a process, not an event, in the human niche

ABSTRACT The search for ‘firsts’ is a common trope in the study of human evolution. Both popular books and scientific articles attempt to discern the key moments in evolutionary history that indicate the true appearance of our species (or subspecies, depending on one’s classificatory scheme). While scientists are cognizant of the problematic nature of this work, we often use a specific set of dates and material markers as tipping points for the origins and spread of modern humans. Here, we summarize the available data used to indicate behavioral modernity and suggest (1) that key factors traditionally seen as indicative of ‘behaviorally modern’ humans had their origin across the Middle Pleistocene and (2) were not lumped into one cohesive package (or associated with only one species) until more recently. Fossil, genetic, and archaeological datasets indicate that members of our genus (Homo) have been engaging in complex cognitive thought and semiosis since circa 400–300 ka, and perhaps earlier. These data point to a more complex, but more accurate and realistic, depiction of the braided steam of human evolution.