Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Total Antioxidant Capacity of Unstimulated Saliva in HIV Seropositive Patients on HAART

BACKGROUND : Total antioxidant capacity is a novel early bio-chemical marker of oxidative stress in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected individuals. Oxidative stress can affect the initiation and progression of many infectious diseases such as HIV. Oxidative stress induced by the production of reactive oxygen species may play a critical role in the stimulation of HIV replication and contribute to immunodeficiency by reduction of cellular immunity. Salivary antioxidants constitutes a line of defense against free radical mediated oxidative stress of cells of the immune system. AIM : To assess the Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) of unstimulated saliva of HIV seropositive patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART). MATERIALS AND METHODS : Unstimulated saliva was collected from HIV seropositive patients and seronegative controls. Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) was calculated from the unstimulated saliva samples of HIV seropositive patients and seronegative controls by spectrophotometric analysis. RESULTS : The study includes 100 subjects comprising of HIV seropositive patients (n=50) and HIV seronegative controls (n=50). We compared the mean Total Antioxidant Capacity-Average (TAC-Average) of the HIV seropositive patients and HIV seronegative controls. The mean TAC-Average of the HIV seropositive and HIV seronegative controls were 0.744±0.12 and 0.576±0.24 respectively. There was a significant difference in the mean TAC levels of the 50 HIV seropositive patients and 50 HIV seronegative controls (p = 0.002). There was a significant correlation in the mean TAC levels and the diet quality of HIV seropositive patients. (p= 0.001) CONCLUSION : We observed that mean TAC was higher in HIV seropositive patients than in seronegative controls which was partly related to the consumption of balanced diet by the HIV seropositive patients as a result of proper diet counselling and also due to the adherence to the HAART regimen.
Daily energy expenditure in the pouched mouse (Saccostomus campestris Peters 1896)

ABSTRACT Previous studies of the pouched mouse (Saccostomus campestris) have revealed that during reproduction there is no increase in food consumption, although resting energy demands, measured by respirometry, increase substantially. One explanation for this anomalous situation is that these mice may routinely use torpor to compensate their energy budgets. We measured the daily energy expenditure of eleven individual pouched mice over three consecutive days using the doubly-labelled water technique. The mice were housed in cages where they had free access to food and water, at an average temperature of 26.5 °C, and exposed to a natural photoperiod (February Pretoria). There was a large day-to-day variation in energy expenditure within each individual. The coefficient of variation in daily energy demand averaged 24.5%. By comparing the correlation of estimates for consecutive and nonconsecutive days we established that this variation was not a consequence of errors in the isotopic technique. The scaling .
Feature-based Clustering of Web Data Sources

The proliferation of web data sources increasingly demands the integration of these sources. To facilitate the integration process, a pre-analysis step is required to classify and group data sources into their correct domains. In this paper, we propose a feature-based clustering approach for clustering web data sources without any human intervention and based only on features extracted from the source schemas. In particular, we make use of both linguistic and structural schema features. We experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in terms of both the clustering quality and runtime.
Evaluation Metrics for Split and Rephrase

Long and complicated sentences can often be difﬁcult to understand for humans and machines. Split-and-rephrase task aims to make sentences easier to read by splitting a long sentence into shorter ones that are meaning preserving. However, there is no optimal evaluation metric for this task. In addition, there are only two existing datasets for model training. To address these problems, we ﬁrst design an a human evaluation tool that are reliable for evaluating split-and-rephrase output. We also develop a methodology for comparing the quality of datasets for training split-and-rephrase systems, which will facilitate future development for this task
A STUDY ON ACADEMIC ANXIETY AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS OF SIRSADISTRICT

Limited Academic anxiety is need sometimes because, it affect the academic progress of the students. But class X students, appearing first time board exam seem to more under pressure of Academic anxiety. The main objectives of the topic are, to find out the relationship between Academic Anxiety and Academic Achievement between students of class X. Descriptive survey method of research was adopted for conduct the study. A sample of 200 students with equal number of boys and girls of rural and urban of class X was taken through purposive sampling technique. Academic Anxiety Scale developed by Dr. A. K. Singh and Dr. A. Sen Gupta was used for the study. It has been found that, there is a significant mean difference of Academic anxiety between Boys and Girls Class-X Students. But there is no significant mean difference is found between class-X Students of Rural and Urban area on their academic anxiety level. According to this study a negative correlation indicates that as the level of academic anxiety increases, academic achievement decreases and vice-versa. As a conclusion it is the prime duty of the teachers and parents to create a positive learning environment at school and home with proper counselling and guidance so that they can contribute to good academic achievement.
Projected impacts of climate change on regional capacities for global plant species richness

Climate change represents a major challenge to the maintenance of global biodiversity. To date, the direction and magnitude of net changes in the global distribution of plant diversity remain elusive. We use the empirical multi-variate relationships between contemporary water-energy dynamics and other non-climatic predictor variables to model the regional capacity for plant species richness (CSR) and its projected future changes. We find that across all analysed Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change emission scenarios, relative changes in CSR increase with increased projected temperature rise. Between now and 2100, global average CSR is projected to remain similar to today (+0.3%) under the optimistic B1/+1.8°C scenario, but to decrease significantly (−9.4%) under the ‘business as usual’ A1FI/+4.0°C scenario. Across all modelled scenarios, the magnitude and direction of CSR change are geographically highly non-uniform. While in most temperate and arctic regions, a CSR increase is expected, the projections indicate a strong decline in most tropical and subtropical regions. Countries least responsible for past and present greenhouse gas emissions are likely to incur disproportionately large future losses in CSR, whereas industrialized countries have projected moderate increases. Independent of direction, we infer that all changes in regional CSR will probably induce on-site species turnover and thereby be a threat to native floras.
How do Tregs Regulate Systemic and Local Metabolism?

The rapidly evolving field of immunometabolism deals with the interaction between metabolism and immunity. Given the central role of Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the regulation of immune responses, it is of pivotal importance to understand the mechanisms that control their homeostasis and function. In this review, we discuss recent advances that reveal an intricate relationship between metabolism and Tregs. First, we summarize studies describing how Tregs affect systemic and local metabolism, with a particular focus on metabolic disorders. Second, we discuss how metabolic cues and immunological signals, especially those conveyed by mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR, best known as mTOR, for mammalian target of rapamycin), regulate Treg differentiation, expansion, and activity. Finally, we present a metabolic perspective on the biology of Tregs by integrating the knowledge originating from these recent studies. How do Tregs Regulate Systemic and Local Metabolism?
Special Double Issue — Aspergillus , Aflatoxins , Cyclopiazonic Acid and Biological Control of Aflatoxins

Several nonaflatoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus have been registered in the United States to reduce aflatoxin accumulation in maize and other crops, but there may be unintended negative consequences if these strains produce cyclopiazonic acid (CPA). AF36, a nonaflatoxigenic, CPA-producing strain has been shown to produce CPA in treated maize and peanuts. Alternative strains, including Afla-Guard brand biocontrol agent and K49, do not produce CPA and can reduce both aflatoxin and CPA in treated crops. Chronic toxicity of CPA has not been studied, and recent animal studies show significant harmful effects from short-term exposure to CPA at low doses. Grower and industry confidence in this approach must be preserved through transparency.
Crabs, waves, and snails: testing for adaptations in the dangerous benthos

Gastropods of the genus Lavigeria form a species flock in Lake Tanganyika where many of the approximately 45 species live sympatrically or microallopatrically (West et al., 2003). Lavigeria grandis and L. nassa are conspicuous grazers in the rocky benthic zone, but have somewhat offset depth distributions at Jakobsen’s Beach; L. grandis is the most common gastropod from 1-2m whereas L. nassa densities peak from 5-10m (Sekandende, 1999). These closely related species may have adaptively radiated in this area to occupy different niches. One major factor in this radiation may be the primary predator of these snailsthe crab Platythelphusa armata. Platythelphus armata lives at depths below 5m and devours its snail prey by crushing or peeling back its shell (Marijnissen, personal communication). Therefore, it may be beneficial for snails living sympatrically with this crab to expend energy in producing a thick shell, though it may not be worth the expense where the predator is not a significant threat. Lavigeria grandis have thinner shells than do L. nassa (West et al., 2003), and we suspect that these two species have diverged to adapt to the shallow predator-free and deep predator-present areas respectively. But the predator-free shallows have a trade-off; shallower water is subject to increased wave action and is often a limiting factor in determining gastropod distributions (Prowse and Pile, 2005). To test this prediction we carried out five studies that address feeding preference of the predator, morphology of the snail, and the environments in which they live.
IL-23, A Novel Marker in the Diagnosis of Psoriasis: A Case Control Study

BACKGROUND : Psoriasis is one among the most common dermatological inflammatory skin diseases. It is a chronic, mutilating, inflammatory, and proliferative skin condition. In psoriasis both genetic and environmental influences have a crucial role. As per recent studies, IL-23 has promptly shifted as a key player, and a probable therapeutic object in psoriasis than just a pro-inflammatory cytokine and over expression of these proinflammatory cytokines especially the IL-23/Th 17 axis, in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. AIM : To assess the serum IL-23 in psoriatic patients and compare with controls. METHODS : Total number of age and sex matched 90 persons were enrolled in the study out of which 45 are patients and these cases are selected as per Dermatologist’s opinion and 45 were controls. Routine blood investigations were carried out along with IL-23. RESULTS : The serum urea, sugar and creatinine show no significant relation in controls and cases. The total and differential cell count and CRP levels also slightly higher except neutrophils in cases, but statistically not significant. The IL-23 levels were shows no significant change in p values. CONCLUSION : In this study there is an insignificant relationship between cases and controls in IL-23 values. May be due to the study population is selected from low socioeconomic state people, have been relatively associated with elevated levels of inflammatory markers due to their lifestyle or may be many patients are going without treatment due to unawareness of the disease as or the influence of exercise, diet and body mass like factors in the levels of inflammatory markers.
COMPARISON BETWEEN SUBBAND AND FULLBAND NLMS FOR IN-CAR AUDIO COMPENSATION AND HANDS-FREE SPEECH RECOGNITION

This paper deals with audio compensation in the car environment for the development of a hands-free spoken dialogue sys-tem with barge-in functionalities. While in a preliminary work we investigated the problem, given an interfering radio signal to compensate, here we focus only on the compensation of speech audio generated by a text to speech synthesizer. The latter one is a more difﬁcult signal to manage, as speech is colored and non stationary or quasi stationary and this degrades the performance of the AEC if a simple NLMS is used. In this paper we will introduce a Subband Acoustic Echo Cancellation (SAEC) for compensating the synthetic prompt speech and we will compare it with a Fullband Acoustic Echo Cancellation (FAEC) demonstrating the good effectiveness in terms of speed of convergence, robustness against noise and computational complexity. The sys-tem performance are being measured in terms of Word Error Rate % (WER) by recognizing isolated and connected digits.
Guidelines as Europe and North America to Halt the Spread of COVID-19?

Social distancing has become the primary policy prescription for combating the COVID-19 pandemic, and has been widely adopted in Europe and North America. We combine country-specifi c economic estimates of the benefi ts of disease avoidance with an epidemiological model that projects the spread of COVID-19 to analyze whether the benefi ts of social distancing and suppression varies across rich and poor countries. This modeling exercise yields the following key insights:
The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 39(1): 119 -124

119 Histopathological study of cecal tonsils in broilers exposed to heat stress after treatment with lactobacillus acidophilus Balqees, H. A. ; Ebtasam, J. A. and Nawals, J. Department of Pathology and Poultry Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Baghdad University, Iraq. E-mail: lbc_lg@yahoo.com Accepted: 02/04/2015 Summary This study was designed to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus spp on the histology of cecal tonsils in broiler chicks exposed to heat stress. eighty broiler chicks were divided randomly into four groups equally and treated as follows: 1 group was administred orally with 1×10/0.1 CFU/ml of (L.B.) at one day old, 2 group was treated as 1 group but at 21 days old, and 3 group (control positive), all three groups were exposed to heat stress (38-40Co) for period 10 days for three hours continuously, 4 group (control negative) was kept under natural condition. Organ samples from cecal tonsils were taken for histopathological test after 48 hrs. , 120 hrs. and 240 hrs. of exposure to heat stress. The result revealed that most important lesions in 3 group occur after 48 hrs. Cellular debri and marked cellularity (inflammatory cell) occur after 120hrs. was vacculation and degeneration of epithelial layer cell. While the first 1 group after 48 hrs. showed moderate cellularity, after 120 hrs. showed marked lymphocyte proliferation and after 220 hrs. Increased goblet cell in the epithelial cell and 2 group showed after 48 hrs. mild cellarity of lamina properia, and after 120 hrs. showed moderate lymphocytic hyperplasia. In conclusion exposure to heat stress caused destructive lesion in the cecal tonsil especially after 48 hrs. and 120 hrs. and gave lactobacillus acidophilus at 21 days more effective that at one day in reducing the effect of heat stress on histology of cecal tonsils.
Typing with Leftovers 1 A mechanization of Intuitionistic Multiplicative-Additive Linear Logic

6 We start from an untyped, well-scoped λ-calculus and introduce a bidirectional typing relation correspond-7 ing to a Multiplicative-Additive Intuitionistic Linear Logic. We depart from typical presentations to adopt 8 one that is well-suited to the intensional setting of Martin-Löf Type Theory. This relation is based on 9 the idea that a linear term consumes some of the resources available in its context whilst leaving behind 10 leftovers which can then be fed to another program. 11 Concretely, this means that typing derivations have both an input and an output context. This leads to 12 a notion of weakening (the extra resources added to the input context come out unchanged in the output 13 one), a rather direct proof of stability under substitution, an analogue of the frame rule of separation logic 14 showing that the state of unused resources can be safely ignored, and a proof that typechecking is decidable. 15 Finally, we demonstrate that this alternative formalization is sound and complete with respect to a more 16 traditional representation of Intuitionistic Linear Logic. 17 The work has been fully formalised in Agda, commented source ﬁles are provided as additional mate-18 rial available at https://github.com/gallais/typing-with-leftovers . 19
Numerical Simulation of a Magnetocaloric Heat Pump for Domestic Hot Water Production in Residential Buildings

Previous studies showed that magnetocaloric heat pump, based on the active magnetic regenerator technology, can be used for space heating of low energy buildings. This innovative solution has performances comparable to conventional vapour-compression systems. However, magnetocaloric heat pumps have limited temperature span between heat source and heat sink. That compromises their use for high temperature span purposes such as domestic hot water production. To overcome this issue, the authors suggest a cascading configuration of several magnetocaloric heat pumps. The results of the current numerical study show that such cascading network can provide for the hot water needs of a single-family house with coefficient of performance which is similar to conventional heat pump systems.
Breast cancer classification, staging and prognosis: the importance of DNA methylation signatures

the importance of DNA methylation signatures Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with very different therapeutic responses and outcomes. It has traditionally been staged by histopathological criteria that are based on size, level of invasiveness and lymph node infiltration, and by immunochemical characteri­ zation of cell surface receptors, including estrogen recep­ tor (ER), the progesterone receptor (PR) and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). However, in many instances staging breast cancer fails to predict prognosis or therapeutic response because of the hetero­ geneity of the disease. More recently, molecular approaches focusing on gene expression profiles have been used. Classifications based on gene expression profiles have expanded the detailed classification of breast cancer by revealing cellular identity profiles, with particular emphasis on presence of stem cells and the nature of the immune response to the tumor. These new molecular­based classifications are termed ‘intrinsic subtypes of breast cancer’ because they reveal the molecular identity of the breast cancer cell in the tumor rather than its stage. Several distinct tumor types and normal breast­like intrinsic classes of breast cancer were previously described [1] (see list in Table 1). These differ­ ent subtypes are found in all stages of breast cancer, even in the early stages, and therefore serve as early prognostic and therapeutic predictors. They have contri buted prog­ nostic value in breast cancer management as they are now guiding prediction of patient relapse, survival and response to chemotherapy. However, there are still major challenges in accurate early prediction of breast cancer, prognosis, and prediction of therapeutic outcome. There is significant room for improving our predictive and prognostic tools, particularly in guiding therapeutic choices. DNA methylation is a molecular modification of DNA that is tightly associated with gene function and cell­ type­specific gene function and therefore provides an exquisite identity descriptor of a cell. In the recent past, DNA methylation analysis was targeted at a few candi­ date genes using either methylation­sensitive restriction enzymes or gene­specific DNA methylation mapping by Abstract
Examining the level, mix and deficiencies in skills-upgrading among South African manufacturing enterprises in the late 1990s; skill-upgrading as basis for enterprise development and for addressing equity issues

As the South African economy get more integrated into the global economy, the competitive restructuring of local firms will be critical to their survival and future growth. Consequently, skills and technological upgrading will be crucial in upgrading the international competitive advantage of local firms. Enterprise-provided training is one means used by local firms to continuously upgrading their knowledge bases, increase their competitiveness, and enhance employment growth over time. The objective of the study is to examine the effectiveness and deficiencies of different types of skills-upgrading or training strategies used by manufacturing firms in South Africa. The effectiveness of such upgrading efforts is important at both firmand government policy-level. One means to upgrade the absorptive capacity of the country’s labour force is through enterprise training. In the context of South Africa’s racially-based past, the focus and content of enterprise training has a wider social agenda. The majority of unskilled and semi-skilled workers are black. Enterprise training is expected to partly contribute to re-addressing the legacy of past Apartheid discrimination in access to skills and employment opportunities. Raising the skillbase of such labourers is expected to increase their effective participation in the labour market, reduce their venerability to losing employment, increase their relative wages over time, and help address issues of rampant poverty in the African population group. The study examines enterprise training in South African (SA) manufacturing firms, using various sources of secondary data. Despite much progress since 1994, the research questions whether trends and features of skill-development in SA’s manufacturing firms are able to promote equity issues, taking into account the backlog in skill development of black South African workers. Black South African overwhelmingly occupy most of the semiand unskilled level occupations – a legacy of South Africa’s Apartheid past. They are at the bottom of the skill-ladder in most firms. Addressing ‘Equity issues’ will require such employees’ training contribute to increasing their (future) wage earnings. This study provides no evidence that such a trend was taking place. The study is pertinent, since efficient development of competitive, dynamic and growing skills and enterprises is critical to sustainable job-creation and economic growth. With South Africa’s ‘broad’ unemployment rate hovering close to 40%, sustainable job creation is a pre-request to poverty reduction. Tentative Public policy implications of the study findings are outlined.