Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Calcium Channel Blockers

Vasospasm refers to a condition in which an arterial spasm leads to vasoconstriction. This can lead to tissue ischemia and necrosis. Coronary vasospasm can lead to significant cardiac ischemia associated with symptomatic ischemia or cardiac arrhythmia. Cerebral vasospasm is an essential source of morbidity and mortality in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients. It can happen within 3–15 days with a peak incidence at 7 days after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Calcium channel blockers are widely used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmias, and other disorders like SAH vasospasm related and Migraine. The specific treatment of cerebral vasospasm helps improving cerebral blood flow to avoid delayed ischemic neurologic deficit by reducing ICP, optimizing the rate of cerebral oxygen demand, and enhancing cerebral blood flow with one of the following approaches: indirect pharmacological protection of brain tissue or direct mechanical dilation of the vasospastic vessel. Nimodipine is the standard of care in aneurysmal SAH patients. Nimodipine 60 mg every 4 hours can be used for all patients with aneurysmal SAH once the diagnosis is made for 21 days.
Evaluation of Chemical Composition and Lipid Components in Maize Straw based Complete Feed Diets Supplemented by Conden Tannin and Myristic Acid

Although maize straw as an agricultural by products could be used as an alternative feed ingredient for ruminants, its low nutritional value and palatability require an early processing. Supplementation of feed additive that functions as a methane inhibitor. The study was to examine the chemical composition in maize straw based complete feed diets supplemented by conden tannin and myristic acid. The experimental method used a group-randomized trials by ANOVA with 4 dietary treatments and 3 replications. The treatments are T1: Maize Straw Based Complete Rations (Control Diet), T2: Control diet +Mimosa powder (MP) 1,5%/kgDM + Myristic acid (MA)2%/kgDM, T3: Control diet + MP 1,5%/kg DM + MA 3%/kg DM, and T4: Control diet + MP 1,5%/kg DM + MA 4%/kg DM. Proximate and van soest analysis was analysed in the Feed and Nutrition Laboratory, animal Science faculty, Brawijaya University, Malang. The result showed that the maize straw complete feed without supplemented has not different with a chemical compositions Maize straw with 3 level of Conden tannin and myristic acid supplementation. Besides higher EE components contained on T4 which supplemented by CT 1,5 %/kg DM and MA 40 g/kg DM. It can be concluded that CT and MA in Maize Straw based complete feed diets can be used as rumen modifier without effected on chemical component.
Energy distribution of an ion cloud in a quadrupole Penning Trap

Ions are confined in Penning trap by the combination of electric field and magnetic field, as the electric field confines ions in the axial direction through an electric potential minimum and the magnetic field applied along the axis of the trap confines the ions in the radial direction. In the high temperature limit Coulomb interaction of ions can be neglected and the total energy is due to the electrostatic potential energy of the charge of ions and kinetic energy due to thermal energy. However, in the low temperature limit the trapping potential created by the dc voltage applied between the end cap and ring electrodes is cancelled by Coulomb interaction of ions and the total energy is mainly kinetic energy of ions. The probability density of energy distribution of ions along axial direction, in radial plane and total probability density of energy distribution due to resulting motion of both axial and radial motion of ions under high temperature and low temperature limits in a Quadrupole Penning trap are presented here. These results reveal the energy properties of ion cloud and are useful to carry out accurate measurement experiments on single stored particle, antiparticles with energy related parameters, under high temperature and low temperature limits in a Quadrupole Penning trap.
Determinants of plant-animal coevolution: the case of mutualistic dispersal of seeds by vertebrates

Patterns contradicting expectations from earlier coevolutionary models, and the observation that optimality and fine scale adjustments are conspicuously absent in many instances, suggest that coevolved, interdependent plant-vertebrate seed dispersal systems are, at best, very rare in nature. Weak selective pressures of dispersers on plants, temporal and spatial unpredictability of favourable germination sites and disperser behaviour, extensive plant gene flow derived from distant seed dispersal and frequent dioecy, and slow evolutionary rates relative to recurrence of environmental perturbations (animal species' extinctions), all combine to render close coevolution between particular plant and disperser species unlikely. Slower species turnover of woody plants over geological time relative to vertebrate disperses may have favoured a sort of very coarse diffuse coevolution, through long-lived plant species having acted as "carriers" of information through evolutionary time. This may suffice to explain patterns of successful plant-disperser interaction commonly observed not only in natural habitats, but also in artificial systems recently assembled by man and lacking a common historical background to participant organisms. This background is indispensable for non-diffuse, species-to-species coevolution to have actually taken place.
Severe Magnetic Fluctuations in the Near‐Earth Magnetotail: Spectral Analysis and Dependence on Solar Activity

Magnetic fluctuations in the near‐Earth magnetotail are an important signature of substorm onset. In a previous statistical study, we reported their occurrence rates, spatial distributions, and relationship with plasma flows. In the present study, we investigated their spectral properties using 11 years of measurements from the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms mission for 2008–2018. We found 10,848 severe magnetic fluctuation events with σB/B¯>0.5 , where σB and B¯ are the standard deviation and average, respectively, of the magnetic field intensity for the local proton gyroperiod. The occurrence rates of severe magnetic fluctuations show no clear dependence on the F10.7 index in one solar cycle. We extracted 36 dipolarization events with severe magnetic fluctuations. In the power spectral density (PSD) of the magnetic fluctuations during dipolarizations, the steepness of the spectral slope increased with increasing frequency in almost all the events. The average PSDs are shown sorted by (a) distance to the neutral sheet and (b) ambient magnetic field intensity. In all groups, the slopes of the average PSDs increased abruptly from below ∼10−1.3 Hz (0.05 Hz) to above ∼10−1.3 Hz, which is close to the gyrofrequency of O+ ions. It is the first time that a change of slope near the proton gyrofrequency (frequency range: 0.05–1 Hz) was found in cases of larger ambient magnetic field intensity, implying that the magnetic fluctuations were relatively strong near the proton gyrofrequency. These results suggest that the magnetic fluctuations contribute to the nonmagnetohydrodynamic effect in the ion motion.
Evaluating Feruloyl Esterase—Xylanase Synergism for Hydroxycinnamic Acid and Xylo-Oligosaccharide Production from Untreated, Hydrothermally Pre-Treated and Dilute-Acid Pre-Treated Corn Cobs

Agricultural residues are considered the most promising option as a renewable feedstock for biofuel and high valued-added chemical production due to their availability and low cost. The efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of agricultural residues into value-added products such as sugars and hydroxycinnamic acids is a challenge because of the recalcitrant properties of the native biomass. Development of synergistic enzyme cocktails is required to overcome biomass residue recalcitrance, and achieve high yields of potential value-added products. In this study, the synergistic action of two termite metagenome-derived feruloyl esterases (FAE5 and FAE6), and an endo-xylanase (Xyn11) from Thermomyces lanuginosus, was optimized using 0.5% (w/v) insoluble wheat arabinoxylan (a model substrate) and then applied to 1% (w/v) corn cobs for the efficient production of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) and hydroxycinnamic acids. The enzyme combination of 66% Xyn11 and 33% FAE5 or FAE6 (protein loading) produced the highest amounts of XOS, ferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid from untreated, hydrothermal, and acid pre-treated corn cobs. The combination of 66% Xyn11 and 33% FAE6 displayed an improvement in reducing sugars of approximately 1.9-fold and 3.4-fold for hydrothermal and acid pre-treated corn cobs (compared to Xyn11 alone), respectively. The hydrolysis product profiles revealed that xylobiose was the dominant XOS produced from untreated and pre-treated corn cobs. These results demonstrated that the efficient production of hydroxycinnamic acids and XOS from agricultural residues for industrial applications can be achieved through the synergistic action of FAE5 or FAE6 and Xyn11.
PID Controller for IEEE 802.17 with Dead Time Compensation

ABSTRACT Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) is defined by IEEE 802.17 to achieve fairness and high bandwidth utilization. Fairness is important in RPR where fairness algorithm has two types of operation, aggressive and conservative. The current algorithm is simple; however, it becomes unstable, if the traffic is unbalanced which cause resources loss. In this paper, the control theory is applied by designing a PID controller to calculate the fair rate. The controller operates well in resolving the fairness issue, but becomes unstable if the system’s delay is huge. Therefore, the delay influence on the stability is studied. Furthermore, a Smith predictor is suggested to compensate the delay. The enhanced controller reassures ring utilization and stability.
An Explanation for Low Dispersal Rates: a Simulation Experiment

A model for analyzing the role of dispersal in temporally as well as spatially varying environments is discussed. The specifications of the model are best met by organisms like desert annual plants or semelparous wind-dispersing insects. The model, originally developed by KUNO (1981) and extended by METZ et al., (1983), is analyzed by simulation methods. The results are compared with those of an approximation procedure for the case of small environmental variation. The model is found to predict that (1) there is an optimal dispersal fraction, (2) this fraction is low, and (3) does not depend sensitively on the number of environmental patches. But, (4) increasing the number of patches decreases the selective pressure towards the optimal dispersal fraction.
School Bullying and the Perception of Mato Grossense Students

O bullying e a pratica da violacao dos direitos humanos que constrange e inferioriza suas vitimas. Metade das criancas e jovens do mundo ja sofreu algum tipo de bullying . No Brasil, cerca de 43% da populacao dos escolares vivencia ameacas, opressao, intimidacao, humilhacao e maus-tratos. O objetivo da pesquisa e a percepcao dos estudantes do Ensino Basico quanto ao bullying . O estudo e quantitativo e de cunho descritivo, utilizando-se do software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences - SPSS para a analise dos dados coletados. Nesta pesquisa participaram 271 estudantes, sendo de duas escolas publicas e uma particular do Estado do Mato Grosso. Identificou-se que aproximadamente 25% e 55% dos alunos das escolas publicas e particulares, respectivamente, sofreram alguma violacao de seus direitos no ambiente escolar. Entre as agressoes se destacam apelidos, insultos pelas caracteristicas fisicas e as agressoes fisicas. Conclui-se que tais dados confirmam a emergencia de acoes de conscientizacao e de prevencao da violencia e mostram a necessidade de incluir no curriculo das escolas essas acoes.
Canis: A High‐Level Language for Data‐Driven Chart Animations

In this paper, we introduce Canis, a high‐level domain‐specific language that enables declarative specifications of data‐driven chart animations. By leveraging data‐enriched SVG charts, its grammar of animations can be applied to the charts created by existing chart construction tools. With Canis, designers can select marks from the charts, partition the selected marks into mark units based on data attributes, and apply animation effects to the mark units, with the control of when the effects start. The Canis compiler automatically synthesizes the Lottie animation JSON files [Aira], which can be rendered natively across multiple platforms. To demonstrate Canis’ expressiveness, we present a wide range of chart animations. We also evaluate its scalability by showing the effectiveness of our compiler in reducing the output specification size and comparing its performance on different platforms against D3.
Analysis of Information Risks and Strategies for Protecting Schoolchildren from the Negative Consequences of Digitalization of Education

The article provides a brief overview of the stages of the Russian education digitalization, identifies the main problems associated with this trend, including the relevance of the risks of the digital environment in the field of information security of participants in the educational process. The list of actual risks associated with the violation of confidentiality, integrity, accessibility, authenticity, and non-repudiation of the digital environment users, as well as basic recommendations for their possible minimization are given. The relevance of these risks is confirmed by a survey of teachers conducting their activities in secondary and higher education institutions.
CEOs of SMEs: How IT-Governance Compensates the Lack of Digital Competencies

The literature assumes that the small and medium-sized enterprises enterprise (SMEs) depends on the (digital) skills of the chief executive officer (CEO). In this paper, we examine the influence of CEOs competencies regarding digital transformation of SMEs and show, based on explorative research, which competencies of CEOs are necessary for a successful digital transformation. We conducted five IT expert interviews within the framework of the study to examine these influences. Subsequently, 20 CEOs of different SMEs were interviewed to discover their (digital) skills. The interview data showed that not only competencies are responsible for a successful digital transformation, but that the organization's Information Technology (IT)-Governance makes a significant difference. The interviews show that IT-Governance decisions are closely linked to the competencies of the CEOs. Based on the implicit and explicit competencies, interesting insights into the structuring behavior of the CEOs were gained. Especially for CEOs with a good digital competence profile, some pitfalls became visible, which can only be avoided by IT-Governance measures. Access to IT knowledge became another decisive factor. Based on our findings, we propose IT-Governance strategies depending on CEOs competencies. This enables to implement IT-Governance structures which best suits CEOs individual level of competencies, giving insights of potential behavioral structures.
EFFECTS OF ALEWIFE PREDATION ON ZOOPLANKTON POPULATIONS IN LAKE MICHIGAN1

The zooplankton populations in southeastern Lake Michigan underwent striking, sizerelated changes between 1954 and 1966. Forms that declined sharply were the largest cladocerans ( Leptodoru kindtii, Daphnia galeata, and D. retrocurva), the largest Calanoid copepods (Limnocalunus macrurus, Epischura lacustris, and Diaptomus sics there was a massive dieoff in spring 1967, and abundance remained relatively low in 1968. The composition of zooplankton populations in 1968 generally had shifted back toward that of 1954, although D. gnleuta and M. edux remained rare. The average size, and stie at onset of maturity, of D. retrocurvu decreased noticeably between 1954 and 1966 but increased between 1966 and 1968.
Effects of biodiversity loss and disturbance on the survival and performance of two Ranunculus species with differing clonal architectures

Seedlings of Ranunculus repens and R. acris were transplanted into an array of experimental grasslands with differing plant species richness and number of functional groups. Half of the plots were also subjected to simulated horse trampling, to examine how the interrelationship between diversity and disturbance affected the survivorship, growth and biomass of the Ranunculus transplants. Survivorship increased with increasing initial size of individuals or decreasing species richness of the plots. Vegetative growth, reproduction and aboveground biomass were strongly enhanced in response to a log-linear loss of species richness and secondarily by a decline in the number of functional groups. Disturbance had no effect on performance of transplants with one exception, ramet formation of R. acris, which was enhanced under the trampling regime. Despite differences in clonal architecture, both Ranunculus species behaved similarly. Our results demonstrate the importance of species richness in controlling invasibility of grassland communities.
The snout of Cricosaurus araucanensis: a case study in novel anatomy of the nasal region of metriorhynchids

Metriorhynchids are the only crocodyliforms adapted to pelagic marine life. Snout natural endocasts of the Tithonian (Late Jurassic) metriorhynchid Cricosaurus araucanensis indicated that skeletal changes defining the peculiar metriorhynchid body plan were coupled with changes of the soft cephalic anatomy such as the enlarged salt glands and restructuring of the paranasal sinus system. Seven new natural endocasts of the snout and a 3-D reconstruction of C. araucanensis are described. Data from these casts and the reconstruction are congruent, and they are combined into an accurate reconstruction that improves our knowledge of the pre-orbital anatomy. The olfactory tract, bulbs, olfactory nasal region and the anterior extension of the antorbital sinus within the maxilla are recognized. Osteological correlates of the salt gland body are also proposed. Palaeobiological inferences are erected based on the integration of natural endocasts and 3-D reconstruction data. It is proposed that C. araucanensis nasal salt glands were highly vascularized with a blood supply comparable with those of extant marine birds. Reduced olfactory bulbs and olfactory nasal region indicate that the aerial olfaction, differing from extant crocodilians, was not well developed.
Repair of methyl lesions in RNA by oxidative demethylation

Nucleic acid methylation is one of the most important epigenetic modifications that have been studied intensively for the past several decades. Many diseases, such as cancer, neurological diseases and developmental defects, are closely associated with alkylation damage of nucleic acids. Although the majority of research on nucleic acid modification involves DNA methylation, RNA is also extensively modified. RNA methylation is a common and naturally occurring modification in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. The methylation of N6-methyladenine (m6A) is the most abundant modification in RNA and plays a fundamental regulatory role in gene expression. Alkylation damage in RNA can be repaired by RNA demethylases, including Escherichia coli AlkB and human AlkB homologues ALKBH1, ALKBH3, ALKBH5 and FTO. ALKBH5 and FTO are the only two m6A RNA demethylases identified so far. In this review, recent findings on RNA demethylases as well as biological functions and inhibitors will be discussed.
Assembly of Type IV Collagen

Type IV collagen includes six genetically distinct polypeptides named α1(IV) through α6(IV). These isoforms are speculated to organize themselves into unique networks providing mammalian basement membranes specificity and inequality. Recent studies using bovine and human glomerular and testis basement membranes have shown that unique networks of collagen comprising either α1 and α2 chains or α3, α4, and α5 chains can be identified. These studies have suggested that assembly of α5 chain into type IV collagen network is dependent on α3 expression where both chains are normally present in the tissue. In the present study, we show that in the lens and inner ear of normal mice, expression of α1, α2, α3, α4, and α5 chains of type IV collagen can be detected using α chain-specific antibodies. In the α3(IV) collagen-deficient mice, only the expression of α1, α2, and α5 chains of type IV collagen was detectable. The non-collagenous 1 domain of α5 chain was associated with α1 in the non-collagenous 1 domain hexamer structure, suggesting that network incorporation of α5 is possible in the absence of the α3 chain in these tissues. The present study proves that expression of α5 is not dependent on the expression of α3 chain in these tissues and that α5 chain can assemble into basement membranes in the absence of α3 chain. These findings support the notion that type IV collagen assembly may be regulated by tissue-specific factors.
Fate of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides in Dried Chorda filum a Brown Alga During Water Washing

A brown alga Chorda filum (L.) Lam. called tsuru-mo in Japanese is harvested and consumed only in a few towns that lie on the coast of the Japan Sea. In Wajima, Ishikawa, Japan, the alga was dried under the sun and stored for 1 year before being sold in retail shops. The dried product of C. filum was washed and rubbed well with plenty of water five to 10 times before cooking. The recovery of crude fucoidan and alginate from dried product was 12 and 16% (w/w), respectively. Molecular ratio of galactose/fucose in the crude fucoidan was lower than 0.1. The ratio of SO4/fucose was about 1.0. Most of the crude fucoidan was lost by washing with 50 volumes of water five times, though half of the crude alginate remained in the washed product.
Measuring Student Engagement Perceptions in University Level Business Finance Courses.

This research addresses university student perceptions of a digital learning platform, such as MindTap by Cengage Learning, and how the technology affects student engagement within finance courses. Areas of impact and features of the product were surveyed via a Likert scale of effectiveness. As expected, perceptions were generally positive across most categories measured. Students expressed higher perceived effectiveness of homework and problem-solving areas but were less likely to agree that the product improved learning outcomes. This disconnect raises questions about the relationship between the perception of such interactive tools and actual outcomes. To the extent that students are engaged in the way that they learn would be expected to produce increased learning outcomes. Further research is suggested to measure perceptions and actual observations.
Un regard neuf sur les gouttelettes lipidiques des adipocytes : jouent-elles un rôle dans la détection de l'état du stock de triglycérides ?

Les gouttelettes lipidiques ont longtemps ete considerees comme des depots intracytoplasmiques inertes apparaissant dans les cellules suivant diverses conditions. De nouveaux outils et de nouvelles approches ont recemment ete utilises afin de visualiser et d'etudier ces structures intracellulaires. Ils ont permis de reveler de nouveaux aspects de la biologie des gouttelettes lipidiques et de mettre en evidence une structure organisee ainsi qu'une composition dynamique. Dans les adipocytes, qui sont les cellules specialisees dans le stockage energetique sous forme de lipides, les gouttelettes lipidiques sont des organites particulierement bien developpees et semblent avoir des proprietes originales. Nous discuterons egalement ici l'idee selon laquelle les gouttelettes lipidiques, via des partenaires specifiques a leur surface, pourraient egalement etre impliquees dans la detection par l'adipocyte de l'etat de ses reserves lipidiques.