Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Response of a Proprioceptor to the Undulatory Movements of Dogfish

1. Recordings were made from segmental nerve fibres in dogfish while body-wall strips were bent sinusoidally at frequencies and angles comparable with the movements of intact fish. 2. The sensory discharge recorded from a slowly adapting mechanoreceptor in the body wall was proportional to the angular velocity and to the amplitude of the movements. 3. The receptor discharged bursts of sensory impulses during every movement cycle near to the time of maximum velocity. 4. The impulse frequency and the number of potentials in each sensory burst was dependent on the frequency of the bending movement. The number of active units depended on the angle of displacement and on the position of the receptor. 5. These experiments show that this mechanoreceptor could provide information about the frequency and the angle of bending of the body of dogfish during swimming movements.
Gα16 Couples Chemoattractant Receptors to NF-κB Activation1

The guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein α-subunit, Gα16, is primarily expressed in hemopoietic cells, and interacts with a large number of seven-membrane span receptors including chemoattractant receptors. We investigated the biological functions resulting from Gα16 coupling of chemoattractant receptors in a transfected cell model system. HeLa cells expressing a κB-driven luciferase reporter, Gα16, and the formyl peptide receptor responded to fMLP with a ∼7- to 10-fold increase in luciferase activity. This response was accompanied by phosphorylation of IκBα and elevation of nuclear κB-DNA binding activity, indicating activation of NF-κB. In contrast to Gα16, expression of Gαq, Gα13, and Gαi2 resulted in a marginal increase in κB luciferase activity. A GTPase-deficient, constitutively active Gα16 mutant (Q212L) could replace agonist stimulation for activation of NF-κB. Furthermore, expression of Gα16 (Q212L) markedly enhanced TNF-α-induced κB reporter activity. The Gα16-mediated NF-κB activation was paralleled by an increase in phospholipase C-β activity, and was blocked by pharmacological inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC) and by buffering of intracellular Ca2+. The involvement of a conventional PKC isoform was confirmed by the finding that expression of PKCα enhanced the effect of Gα16, and a dominant negative PKCα partially blocked Gα16-mediated NF-κB activation. In addition to formyl peptide receptor, Gα16 also enhanced NF-κB activation by the C5a and C3a receptors, and by CXC chemokine receptor 2 and CCR8. These results suggest a potential role of Gα16 in transcriptional regulation downstream of chemoattractant receptors.
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AND BY-PRODUCTS AS A LOW COST ADSORBENT FOR HEAVY METAL REMOVAL FROM WATER AND WASTEWATER: A REVIEW

The use of agricultural products and by-products has been widely investigated as a replacement for current costly methods of removing heavy metals from water and wastewater. Some of the agricultural materials can be effectively used as a low-cost sorbent. Modification of agricultural by-product could enhance their natural capacity and add value to the by-product. In this review, an extensive list of sorbent literature has been compiled to provide a summary of available information on a wide range of low-cost agricultural product and by-product sorbent and their modification for removing heavy metals from water and wastewater. Key words: Agricultural products, adsorbent, low cost, heavy metals, water, wastewater.
Developing spatially-explicit weighting factors to account for bias associated with missed GPS fixes in resource selection studies

Global positioning system (GPS) collars are prone to locational error and missed fixes caused by vegetation and topography, meaning that locational error may be greater, or fix success lower, in certain habitats. These forms of error can lead to bias associated with data loss or censoring. The goals of this paper were to: 1) estimate resource selection functions using logistic regression to map probability of acquisition (Pacq) of a GPS location and subsequent censoring of locational error in relation to landscape features and 2) develop a spatially-explicit map of weighting factors across the landscape to avoid over- or underestimating resource selection. Female mule deer Odocoileus hemionus were used as a case example and to validate maps. Locational error and Pacq were influenced by vegetation and topography, thus necessitating a means to weight the data. Applying logistic regression to quantify Pacq allowed an easy and straightforward approach to mapping Pacq and subsequently, weighting factors (weight = 1/Pacq). Weighting landscape characteristics improved validation of deer-occurrence maps compared to using the original, unweighted landscape values. Using the best validating deer-occurrence map, we found that 87.5-90.2% of locations (N = 1,043) from an independent sample of deer (N = 4) occurred within the highest probability of use bin (∼ 20% of the landscape); 95.4-96.9% of independent locations occurred within the two highest probability of use bins (∼ 40% of the landscape). By accounting for, and modeling, missed GPS fixes and locational error, we improved the predictive ability of maps based on an independent sample of deer. Without correction (i.e. weighting) factors, the importance of habitat types and terrain features may be over- or underestimated, which could have serious consequences when interpreting resource selection by animals and developing management recommendations.
CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION OF BEE HONEY – IDENTIFYING SENSOR OF THE ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION

Changes in the quality of bee honey are also caused by the contamination with micro-polluting agents, toxic to consumers. This research is about chemical contamination of honey. The honey used in this study was harvested from beehives situated in Copsa Mica (Sibiu region), famous for the ecological unbalances induced by the non-ferrous metal industry through pollution produced by SC Sometra SA. The amount of Pb, Cd and Zn contained in the samples harvested in the area specifi ed above have been determined using an atomic absorption spectrometer AAS. Amounts of heavy metals above the admitted limit by the OMS 975/88 have been discovered. The results suggested that honey could be used to detect contaminating agents from the environment.
Population genetic structure of brown crab (Cancer pagurus) in Irish waters

The brown crab (Cancer pagurus) fishery in Ireland is one of the most important financially and socio-economically, with the species worth approximately €15m per year in the first half of the decade. Only mackerel (Scomber scombrus) and Dublin Bay prawn (Nephrops norvegicus) are of greater value. Despite this, very little research has been conducted to describe the stock structure of brown crab on a national scale. In this study a country-wide assessment of genetic population structure was carried out. Sampling was conducted from commercial fishing boats from 11/06 to 04/08 at seven sample sites representing the central Irish brown crab fisheries, with one sample site from the UK also included in the study. Six microsatellite markers, specifically developed for brown crab, were used to assess genetic diversity and estimate population differentiation parameters. Significant genetic structuring was found using F-statistics (Fst = 0.007) and exact tests, but not with Bayesian methods. Samples from the UK and Wexford were found to be genetically distinct from all other populations. Three northern populations from Malm Head and Stanton Bank were genetically similar with Fst estimates suggesting connectivity between them. Also, Stanton Bank, again on the basis o f Fst estimates, appeared to be connected to populations down the west coast of Ireland, as far south as Kerry. Two Galway samples, one inside and one outside of Galway Bay, were genetically differentiated despite their close geographic proximity. It is hypothesised that a persistent northerly summer current could transport pelagic larvae from populations along the southwest and west coasts of Ireland towards Stanton Bank in the North, resulting in the apparent connectivity observed in this study.
Déterminants moléculaires et spécificité du priming immunitaire chez le mollusque d'eau douce Biomphalaria glabrata

L'immunite des invertebres a longtemps ete definie comme reposant sur une immunite innee simple basee sur une reconnaissance peu specifique. Cependant depuis 20 ans les preuves que l'immunite des invertebres presente de la specificite se multiplient. De la meme facon un phenomene de memoire immunitaire nomme priming immunitaire a egalement ete decrit chez ces derniers. Dans le cadre de ce travail de these j'ai pu etudier sous differents aspect le priming immunitaire chez Biomphalaria glabrata, un mollusque d'eau douce, face a son parasite naturel Schistosoma mansoni. Dans un premier temps nous avons pu demontrer que le priming immunitaire etait specifique du genotype du premier parasite entrant dans le mollusque. De plus, il apparait que la succession des differents stades de developpement du parasite stimule l'immunite sequentiellement afin d'engendrer une protection totale. Enfin nous nous sommes interesses aux mecanismes sous jacents a ce priming immunitaire en focalisant notre attention sur les facteurs humoraux impliques dans cette reponse de priming immunitaire. Nous avons observe differentes molecules pouvant etre associees a la reponse de priming tant dans la specificite de reconnaissance que dans la phase effectrice de la reponse immunitaire.
Neither a Rodent nor a Platypus: a Reexamination of Necrolestes patagonensis Ameghino

Abstract We present new descriptions, figures, and interpretations of well-preserved cranioskeletal elements of the early Miocene, fossorial mammal Necrolestes patagonensis from Argentina. As previously noted, this animal is highly apomorphic and its phylogenetic affinities are difficult to interpret. Its derived features include hypsodont upper cheek teeth, a partially fused cervical spine, an unfused atlas consisting of separate right and left massae, and a distally ossified flexor tendon of the forearm. Characters that support its status as a therian mammal include a coiled cochlear housing of the inner ear. Consistent with its status as a metatherian is the presence of five upper incisors, transverse canal foramina, and a broad proximal fibula. However, we cannot confirm other characters claimed by previous researchers as evidence for affinity with marsupial or nonplacental mammals, such as the presence of an inflected mandibular angle and epipubic bones. Furthermore, Necrolestes shows similarities to eutherian mammals, such as small incisive foramina and possibly three molars. On biogeographic and some anatomical grounds, identification of Necrolestes as a metatherian remains a compelling option. However, pending a combined-data phylogenetic analysis encompassing Theria and accounting for the anatomical diversity of Necrolestes, possible membership in Eutheria should not be ruled out.
KERAGAMAN ISOLAT ACTINOMYCETES BERDASARKAN ANALISIS RFLP TERHADAP GEN NRPS

Actinomycetes is one of the types of microorganisms that is essential for producing the active compounds, one of which is an antibiotic. Isolation of Actinomycetes from the rhizosphere of rice plant (Oryza sativa L.) and tin plant (Ficus carica L.) has yielded 13 isolates of antibiotic-producing Actinomycetes. This study aims to determine the diversity of isolates by RFLP analysis (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) of the NRPS (Non Ribosomal Peptide Synthetase) gene. The study was carried out by isolating Actinomycetes isolate DNA and performed PCR on the 16SrRNA and NRPS genes. The RFLP analysis of the NRPS gene PCR products is then performed using the enzyme HaeIII. Identify the presence of DNA, the PCR product and RFLP results was performed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The diversity of isolates was analyzed by multivariate analysis. The results showed that the diversity of 13 isolates of Actinomycetes can be grouped into 5 groups: isolates 5 (group 1), isolates 8 (group 2), isolates 11 (group 3), isolates 6,7,9 (group 4) and isolates 1,2,3,4,10,12,13 (group 5).
Transformation of Alliin and Alliin Homologues by C-S-Lyases from Enterobacteriaceae

Much literature can be found concerning the degradation of phenolic compounds by bacteria and fungi in connection with plant pesticides (1— 3). However, only a minimal amount of literature exists about the degradation of natural substances (4, 5). The aim of these bacteriological investigations should be to find microorganisms which can cleave or chemically change phenolic substances. These transformed substances should show improved pharmacological effects and be used for increased pharmaceutical applications.
Degree of intraspecific genetic divergence and variability in three Sciaenid species

Abstrllct Genetic variations in Nibea mitsukurii, N. albijfora and Pennahia argentara from different localities were assayed electrophoretically. The genetic variability in N. mirsukurii was relatively high. According to the chi-square values for heterogeneity between two localities and genetic distance (D) values, N. albijfora from the Ariake Sea and the Inland Sea or the East China Sea (D=O.OO92 in average), and N. misukurii, from Tosa Bay vs, Atsumi Bay (D=~O.OO67) were considered to be independent subpopulations, The D value in N. albifiora from the Inland Sea VS, the East China Sea was quite small (D=O.OOlO), In P. argenrara populations, the D values were also small. Further, the relationship between genetic and geographic distances observed in the three species were discussed, P. argenrata showed a positive relationship between these two factors as compared to N. mirsukurii or N, albifiora. It seemed that the lower level of genetic divergence might be due to the frequent gene flow within the large-scale and wide distributional range of the population. During the past decade the application of gel electrophoresis coupled with selective enzyme stain­ ing has shown that a large amount genetic variation exists in natural populations of many species (Allen­ dorf and Utter, 1979). Phenotypes of allozyme can be scored during most stages of their life cycle and their genetics more easily interpreted than the pro­ portional and meristic characters employed in fish taxonomy. Genetic differences among populations within a defined body of water may conceivably decrease with time, due to gene flow by migration within sub­ populations. Alternatively, genetic differentiation could become· accentuated through time, perhaps because subpopulations become increasingly associ­ ated with discrete breeding areas (Felley and Avise, 1980). The fishes of the family Sciaenidae contribute sub­ stantially to the fisheries of the warm and shallow seas and estuaries of the world. Nibea mitsukurii (Jordan et Snyder) commonly known as nibe croak­ er, extends along the coast of the Pacific Ocean from Sendai Bay in the north to Hyuga Basin (an open bay) in the south. Nibea albiflora (Richardson), commonly known as roncader, occurs in Hong­ kong, the East China Sea and northwards to Port Arthur and southern Japan. Pennahia argentata (Houttuyn), commonly known as white croaker, is widely distributed in Japanese, Korean and Chinese waters (Trewavas, 1977).
Problemas motores asociados al Trastorno por Déficit de Atención/Hiperactividad: una revisión

espanolEl Trastorno por Deficit de Atencion/Hiperactividad (TDAH) es una de las alteraciones psiquiatricas mas prevalentes en ninos y adolescentes. Aunque este trastorno comporte tres tipos diferentes de sintomas (deficit de atencion, actividad motora excesiva e impulsividad), la mayoria de las investigaciones realizadas hasta la fecha se han enfocado en variables de tipo cognitivo, subestimando el impacto que tienen las alteraciones motoras en las actividades de la vida cotidiana, especialmente en la infancia. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es analizar las alteraciones motoras asociadas al TDAH y su influencia sobre el rendimiento academico y las relaciones sociales de los ninos y ninas afectados por este trastorno. Tras una revision bibliografica de las investigaciones publicadas sobre este tema en revistas cientificas, ofrecemos una descripcion del perfil motor idiosincrasico del TDAH, su variabilidad en los distintos subtipos y una serie de pautas a considerar para una intervencion exitosa y eficaz. Como conclusion destacamos la importancia de que las intervenciones en el area motora adopten una perspectiva integral del desarrollo, que tenga en cuenta el resto de dominios y factores que repercuten en la adaptacion del alumnado con TDAH, asi como la combinacion de tratamientos farmacologicos y psicologicos. EnglishAttention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. Although this disorder behave three different types of symptoms (attention deficit, excessive motor activity and impulsivity), most research to date has focused on cognitive variables, underestimating the impact of motor impairment in activities of everyday life, especially in childhood. The main objective of this work is to analyze the motor disorders associated with ADHD and their influence on academic performance and social relationships of children affected by this disorder. After a literature review of published research on this topic in scientific journals, we show a description of the engine idiosyncratic profile of ADHD, its variability in different subtypes and a set of guidelines to consider for a successful and effective intervention. We like to emphasize the importance that interventions in the motor area adopt a comprehensive development perspective, taking into account the rest of domains and factors affecting the adaptation of students with ADHD.
Grimmia curviseta sp. nov. (Musci) a new species from Tenerife

Abstract Grimmia curviseta, a new species from Tenerife (Spain, Canary Islands) is characterized by autoecious gametoecia, the upper and perichaetial leaves with long hyaline denticulate hair-point, the leaves unistratose with bistratose margins and the nearly always gymnostomous capsule on an arcuate seta.
THE ROLE OF AUXIN IN DIFFERENTIATION OF XYLEM AROUND A WOUND

THE DEVELOPMENT of living organisms is usually classified into two maj or groups of phenomena: those connected with growth and those connected with differentiation. This paper is an attempt to answer experimentally a few of the questions concerning the hormonal nature of some of the limiting factors in cell differentiation which are raised by accounts of plant anatomists. The selection of a cell-type for this investigation was guided by the following considerations: (1) the typical developmental history of the cell-type should be relatively well established; (2) the pattern of differentiation of the cell-tiype should preferably show some features which distinguish it from the pattern followed by other cell-types and which make it more amenable to experimentation; (3) the cell-type, when fully differentiated, should be easily recognizable by the simplest histological techniques. These characteristics are well shown by xylem cells. For the purposes of experiment, attention was focused on the regeneration of xylem strands after the vascular strands in a stem internode had been severed by a wound. The most striking peculiarity of such regeneration, as described by Simon (1908), Kaan Albest (1934) and Sinnott and Bloch (1945), is that the new xylem cells are differentiated in a strictly basipetal direction, by the transformation of already existing parenchyma cells, the new cells always being in continuity with the previously differentiated ones. What could be limiting the differentiation of these xylem cells? A clue is perhaps given by an experiment of Kaan Albest: she found that excising the distal leaves and buds (whether axillary or apical) markedly reduces the speed and amount of xylem-regeneration around a wound. No additional reduction was obtained when isolated internode sections devoid of all leaves and buds were used.
The origin of entodermal cells from the primitive streak of the chick embryo

In the preceding paper of this series (Hunt, '37) it was shown that . when the mesectoderm of the early chick embryo is grown as a graft, it has the capacity to give rise to digestive tract, whereas the mesentoderm lacks this capacity until the head-process stage. Although these experiments suggested that the definitive entoderm may originate at least partially from the ectoderm of primitive streak stages, they do not prove conclusively that this is the source of gut in normal devcllopment ; therefore, it has seemed desirable to subject the inference to further investigation. If an interchange of cells between the germ layers could be demonstrated, this idea would rest on a firmer basis. To determine whether such a rearrangement occurs, the vital staining method has been emp1oyed.l
Modeling wildlife exposure to toxic chemicals: Trends and recent advances

Abstract Modeling wildlife exposure to toxic chemicals and associated risk is a practical approach to ecological risk assessments at hazardous waste sites. However, screening‐level models to estimate wildlife exposure typically assume that the receptor spends all of its foraging time at the site, that chemical concentrations and habitats are stable over space and time, and that chemicals are 100% bioavailable. Currently, many ecological risk analysts are developing new methods for exposure analysis that lead to more realistic estimates of risk (e.g., spatial analysis, which includes quantifying the distribution of receptors in various habitats in relation to the distribution of chemicals; toxicokinetic modeling to estimate body burdens of chemicals; Monte Carlo analysis to derive probabilistic estimates of risk; interspecies extrapolation based on allometric models for exposure variables [e.g., feeding rate, metabolic rate]; and validation of exposure models at specific sites). To better support risk mana.
Distribution of Adult Cerambycidae and Buprestidae (Coleoptera) in a Subalpine Forest under Shelterwood Management

Abstract We examined the distribution of adult Buprestidae and Cerambycidae in the Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest in the Little Belt Mountains of central Montana, U.S.A. , using pan traps and sweep samples on different species of flowering plants. Using several methods during multi-year (2001–2004), summer-long surveys, we documented the presence of adults of three species of Buprestidae and ten Cerambycidae. Pan traps were placed along transects within meadows, unlogged lodgepole pine forests, and in differentially-logged plots initially logged in 1999–2000 and managed by the U.S. Forest Service. Results from pan trap samples support the conclusion that, compared to unlogged plots and meadows, adult buprestids and cerambycids were more abundant in the shelterwood areas after 2001, perhaps because of the greater abundance of decaying wood in the logged areas. Cerambycids, particularly Cosmosalia chrysocoma (Kirby) and Gnathacmaeops pratensis (Laicharting), were also commonly collected on flowers, and were most likely to be found on those with white blossoms and readily accessible nectar and pollen.
Ammonia Induces Starch Degradation in Chlorella Cells

L'ammoniac induit la conversion de l'amidon en saccharose dans toutes les especes de Chlorella testees, sauf chez C. pyrenoidosa. Dans la plupart des especes testees, les effets stimulants de l'ammoniac et de la lumiere bleue sur l'absorption d'O 2 , ainsi que sur la degradation de l'amidon, etaient accrus dans les cellules privees de phosphates, alors que l'effet stimulant de l'ammoniac sur la fixation de CO 2 a l'obscurite etait beaucoup plus important chez les cellules en milieu enrichi