Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Wheel as a Brownian Motor

A system is considered in which transitions between two states occur through two reaction channels. Because of coupling with an external process which consists of cyclic switching between two regimes (each characterized by a certain fixed set of rate constants), the net circulation flux arises in the system even in the absence of an external generalized force. Such a mechanism underlying a catalytic wheel of many biological processes is considered as a Brownian motor. The basic operational motor characteristics are calculated for the regular and random inter-regime switching, being better in the former case and reaching the optimum at equal relaxation-to-lifetime ratios for the two regimes. The general Brownian motor formalism is exemplified by two particular realizations, the electroconformational-coupling model and the flashing-potential model. The former concerns enzymatically catalyzed ligand pumping through a membrane, and the latter describes particle motion under two sets of potential wells and bar.
Modèle pour les pics de frottement interne observés a haute température sur les monocristaux

Abstract A model for internal friction peaks observed at high temperatures in single crystals A model is presented for treating internal friction peaks observed between 0-3 T t and 0-6 T t (T t being the absolute melting temperature) in high purity copper and aluminium single crystals. The relaxation is related to the migration, by vacancy diffusion, of geometrical jogs along dislocation lines. In the case of peaks observed at about 0-3 T t, the activation energy is close to one half of the self-diffusion energy, and it is supposed that vacancies diffuse along dislocation lines. In the case of higher temperature peaks the activation energy is close to the self-diffusion energy and corresponds to bulk vacancy diffusion. From this model it may also be seen that the peaks probably correspond to isolated dislocation climb and that the high temperature background is due to dislocations belonging to polygonization cells.
On the failure of certain integral equation theories to account for complete wetting at solid-fluid interfaces

We examine the usefulness of the integral equations derived from the HNC and PY closures of the wall-particle Ornstein-Zernike equation for describing the density profile and pairwise distribution function of models of the solid-fluid interface. It is shown that these, and closely related closure approximations, cannot account for complete wetting of a solid-gas interface by liquid or complete wetting by gas of a purely repulsive substrate at a solid-liquid interface. The closure approximation to the first YBG equation which sets the total pairwise correlation function equal to that of the bulk fluid exhibits the same failings. Since none of these approaches can describe liquid-gas coexistence, they cannot be used as a basis for a self consistent theory of contact angle and wetting phenomena. Moreover, they cannot account for the growth of thick, liquid-like, adsorbed films which develop at solid-gas interfaces at temperatures T above the wetting transition temperature Tw. Such approaches also give an inadequate description of pairwise correlations in the interface. This is illustrated by the introduction of a ' surface ' compressibility sum rule which relates an integral over the interracial part of the pairwise distribution function to (SI'/~/~)T, the derivative with respect to chemical potential/~ of the coverage r. For T> T,¢ r and, hence, (er/~,)T diverge as p~ approaches its value at saturation with exponents that reflect the asymptotic behaviour of the attractive part of the solid-gas potential. The sum rule shows that the range of transverse (parallel to the surface) pairwise correlations must diverge in an equivalent fashion. Divergences of this kind are not predicted by the integral equation approaches. The growth of long-ranged transverse correlations has important repercussions for computer simulations of thick adsorbed films. It iS the purpose of this paper to point out the limitations of several widely used theories of solid-fluid interfaces. In particular we show that these theories cannot account for the phenomenon of complete wetting by liquid or by gas. There are three main theoretical approaches employed in calculations of the microscopic structure of simple fluids near model solid substrates. The first of these makes use of closure approximations to the wall-particle OrnsteinZernike equation. This approach was pioneered by Perram and White [I] and Henderson et al. [2] and has been applied to a variety of model systemssee, for example, [3, 4] and references therein. Two of the simplest and most commonly used closures are the hypernetted-chai n (HNC) and Percus-Yevick
Dark traits as a potential feature of leadership in the high-performance sports coach

High-performance sport coaches are leaders in their field; therefore, they sometimes operate under ‘regular’ workplace leadership role requirements. However, they are also subject to highly uncertain and pressured environments. Thus, most coaching/leadership positions in high-performance sport may be both ‘normal’ and ‘unique’ in leadership role requirement. Consequently, understanding what high-performance sport leaders ‘look like’, behaviorally, would be valuable. This study aimed to 1) describe personality traits of coaches in high-performance sport, and 2) describe differences between high-performance sport coaches and other leaders. Hogan’s personality profile data was collected from fulltime coaches working in high-performance sport. Experienced and developing high-performance sport coaches were compared, and high-performance sport coaches were compared to other sector leaders. No differences exist between coaching groups for any personality traits. However, while high-performance sport coaches shared similar ‘light’, or ‘socially desirable’, traits to leaders in ‘regular’ workplaces they differed for some ‘dark’/maladaptive traits. That is, as is the case for leaders in sectors including business, finance and healthcare high-performance coaches may be experienced as being balanced, stable, calm under pressure, approachable, friendly, accessible, planful, responsible, and mindful of details. However, unlike leaders in ‘regular’ workplace environments, high-performance coaches may also be experienced as moody, hard to please, creative but unusual, risk-taking, and limit-testing; which is more similar to scientists and artists. In conclusion, coach personality traits were both similar and unique to leaders from ‘regular’ workplaces. Thus, leadership is context specific both within sectors and between sectors.
Seasonally Distinctive Growth and Drought Stress Functional Traits Enable Leucaena Leucocephala to Successfully Invade a Chinese Tropical Forest

The nitrogen-fixing mimosid Leucaena leucocephala continues to be used for afforestation in degraded tropical forests. Yet, fast-growth and high drought stress tolerance enables L. leucocephala to outperform native species and L. leucocephala has been identified as one of the 100 most invasive species globally. This warrants development of effective control measures, including bio-controls, to prevent the spread of this species particularly across tropical islands. Here, we compare differences in key functional traits between L. leucocephala and eight dominant native species (Bridelia tomentosa, Radermachera frondosa, Lepisanthes rubiginosa, Rhaphiolepis indica, Pterospermum heterophyllum, Fissistigma oldhamii, Psychotria rubra and Cudrania cochinchinensis) in L. leucocephala invaded tropical forests of Hainan Island, China. Functional traits related to growth (photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate) and drought stress tolerance (leaf turgor loss point) were measured in wet and dry seasons to investigate whether these functional traits differed between L. leucocephala and the eight dominant native species. Our results demonstrate that L. leucocephala has significantly increased growth rates (at least two-fold) in both wet and dry seasons. Additionally, L. leucocephala shows significantly higher drought stress tolerance (lower TLP) in the dry season. These results indicate that L. leucocephala would almost certainly outperform the eight dominant native species and might successfully invade Hainan tropical forests. There is an urgent need to identify native species that have similar growth and drought stress tolerance traits to enable the development of effective strategies to control L. leucocephala on Hainan Island.
Phytopharmacognostic Evaluation of the Leaves OF Gnetum africanum Welw (Gnetaceae)

Background: Gnetum africanum Welw (Gnetaceae) also called African salad and Afang in Ibibio language is an evergreen, perennial, shade-tolerant vine with woody stems which can climb up to 12m or more from a tuberous root-stock. It has culinary and medicinal importance. Original Research Article Umoh et al.; JOCAMR, 11(3): 32-41, 2020; Article no.JOCAMR. 61489 33 Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate pharmacognostic parameters of Gnetum africanum. Methods: The leaves were identified, collected, air-dried, pulverized, weighed and subjected to the evaluation of its microscopy, micromeritics, chemomicroscopy, fluorescence, soluble extractive values, moisture content and ash values using standard procedures. Results: The results obtained from microscopy revealed that the leaf has brachyparacytic, stomata, 3-5 armed and stellate trichromes on the abaxial surface. The epidermal cell wall pattern was undulate on the abaxial surface and sinuous on the adaxial surface. Stomatal number was found to be 3.1 ± 0.25 on the abaxial surface and Stomatal index was found to be 16.8% on the abaxial surface. The micromeritics analysis of the leaf powder revealed passable flow with the angle of repose of 42 0 . The result of chemomicroscopy of the leaf revealed the presence of mucilage, lignin, calcium oxalate crystals, starch and oil. For water-soluble extractive value, the result was 13.25% w /w, methanol-soluble extractive value 4.25% w /w, ethanol-soluble extractive value 4% w /w, moisture content 10.5% w /w, total ash value was 5% w /w, acid-insoluble ash value 1% w /w, water-soluble ash value 2% w /w and sulfatedash value 6% w /w. Conclusion: The results obtained from the pharmacognostic study provides information for the identity, quality and purity of Gnetum africanum.
Use of In vitro Technique in Predicting In vivo Response of Poultry to Enzyme Supplementation

The need for rapid test in evaluation of feedstuffs in poultry nutrition cannot be overemphasized. Such test must however be able to replace exactly the response in the animal concern. This study was conducted to determine the suitability of In vitro technique in predicting the In vivo response of poultry to enzyme supplemented feedstuffs. Rice husk was used in a Completely Randomized Design with individual and cocktail of enzymes for both In vitro and In vivo trials. Three exogenous enzymes namely a xylanase, a multipurpose and a phytase were used individually, pairwise and altogether with the feedstuff to constitute the treatments namely T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, and T8. Each treatment was replicated thrice for both In vitro and In vivo trials. The In vitro trial was done to simulate the chicken digestive system while the In vivo trial was done using the intubation method. Parameters measured for both trials were digestibility values for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fiber and fiber fractions. All data collected were statistically analyzed using Analysis of Variance procedure and treatment means were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test. Correlation analysis was carried out to compare the results of both trials. Results show that enzymes individually and as cocktails significantly improved the digestibility of parameters for both In vitro and In vivo trials. Cocktails of enzymes were significantly better than the individual enzymes for dry matter and crude fiber digestibility for both In vitro and In vivo trials. Correlation analysis shows positive correlation (r=0.99, r=0.96, r=0.94, r= 0.86, r=0.78) between In vitro and In vivo trials in most of digestibility values for the rice husk. It was concluded that In vitro trial can be used as both criterion and replacement for In vivo trial when determining the efficacy of exogenous enzymes in poultry nutrition.
International economic policy: a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis on think tanks in the press

Abstract This study examines the conditions that explain leading think tanks’ successful strategies for the growth of world media representation of the European Union’s (EU) international economic policy (N = 19). A fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was developed throughout 2009–2018, which begins with the euro crisis. The causal conditions used are: the years of experience of each think tank; the attributes of its media representation (number of languages in which they spread their messages in the media, thematic concentration, and media concentration); and the macroeconomic characteristics of the countries from which they carry out their main activity (competitiveness and belonging to the euro). This data has been obtained through Factiva® (Dow Jones & Company©), the Global Competitiveness Index (World Economic Forum), and the European Central Bank. The core conditions analysis shows the importance of the think tank experience and the diversity of languages for their successful strategies. Likewise, the different pathways suggest that the thematic concentration and membership of the euro are sufficient conditions to explain the increased influence of the EU think tanks on the international public agenda.
Carbon species solvated in molten carbonate electrolyser cell from first-principles simulations

We study the solvation of molecules and ions that are key in the context of Molten Carbonate Electrolyser Cells using first-principles simulations. Focusing on the electroreduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to CO in a molten carbonate medium, we investigate the solvation of both the reactant CO<sub>2</sub> and the product CO in the eutectic LiKCO<sub>3</sub>, (containing 62 % Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, 38 % K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>,). CO<sub>2</sub> is found to spontaneously react with the carbonate ions to form the transient pyrocarbonate species, C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub><sup>2-</sup>. To investigate the similar reaction that could occur with CO and CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup> to form an oxalate, we simulated that species and found it to be stable in the melt, supporting this hypothesis. We further present the solvation of O<sup>2-</sup>, finding that it shows preferential formation of a complex with four lithium cations in a tetrahedral arrangement. Estimates of the diffusion coefficients of these species are then reported, showing that CO has the faster diffusion of all the molecules and ions studied. <br>
Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Portulaca oleracea (Regla seeds) extract and its biomedical applications

In the present study, the biosynthesis of ZnONPs utilizing Portulaca oleracea seeds aqueous extract has been reported. The reported method is a green, plant-extract mediated and low-cost approach that is capable of synthesizing ZnONPs at pH 7 with heating at 60 oC for one hour. To demonstrate the efficiency of the capping bioorganic molecules on ZnO nanoparticles, a part of the product was dried at 60 oC (denoted ZnO-60) and the other part was annealed at 500 oC (denoted ZnO-500). Both synthesized ZnONPs was crystalline in nature and hexagonal in shape with an average size of 14 nm and 34.5 nm for ZnO-60 and ZnO-500, respectively, as evidenced by XRD and TEM analysis. The synthesized nanoparticles showed high antioxidant, good antibacterial activity, which has inhibited the growth of Helicobacter pylori (ATCC 700392) and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and anticancer activity for HCT-116 cells with a higher efficiency of ZnO-60 than ZnO-500.
Critical exponent of the heat of transport of water– isobutyric acid mixtures

The Dufour effect (diffusion thermoeffect) has been used to obtain the critical exponent of the heat of transport in binary mixtures of isobutyric acid and water near the liquid–liquid critical point. As the critical temperature is approached experimentally, the heat of transport vanishes with a critical exponent of about 2/3. The i critical exponent for the Onsager coefficient Ω01 is zero. This value is consistent with the semidefinite positive entropy production r requirement and is identical to the best literature value for the critical exponent of the reciprocal Onsager coefficient Ω10. In order to explain the observed critical behavior of the heat of transport a new molecular interpretation based on the random thermal motion model for diffusion is suggested.
Option Pricing beyond Black-Scholes Model: Quantum Mechanics Approach

Article history Received: 24 August 2020 Accepted: 1 September 2020 Published Online: 26 October 2020 Based on the analog between the stochastic dynamics and quantum harmonic oscillator, we propose a market force driving model to generalize the Black-Scholes model in finance market. We give new schemes of option pricing, in which we can take various unexpected market behaviors into account to modify the option pricing. As examples, we present several market forces to analyze their effects on the option pricing. These results provide us two practical applications. One is to be used as a new scheme of option pricing when we can predict some hidden market forces or behaviors emerging. The other implies the existence of some risk premium when some unexpected forces emerge.
The first direct enzymatic hydrolysis of alicyclic β-amino esters: A route to enantiopure cis and trans β-amino acids

The first direct enzymatic method is reported for the synthesis of cis and trans beta-amino acid enantiomers through the lipase-catalyzed enantioselective hydrolysis of alicyclic beta-amino esters in organic media. High enantioselectivities (E usually >100) were observed when the Candida antarctica lipase B catalyzed reactions were performed with H2O (0.5 equivalents) in iPr2O at 65 degrees C. The resolved products, obtained in good yields (>or=42%), could be easily separated.
Supervised Retinal Vessel Segmentation Based Average Filter and Iterative Self Organizing Data Analysis Technique

Retinal fundus is the inner surface of the eye associated with the lens. The identification of disease needs some parts of retinal fundus, such as blood vessel. Blood vessels are part of circulation system which functions to supply blood to retina area. This research proposed a method for segmentation of blood vessel in retinal image with Average Filter and Iterative Self-Organizing Data Analysis (ISODATA) Technique. The first step with the input image changed to Gamma Correction, increasing contrast with Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE), the filtering process with Average Filter. The segmentation is used for ISODATA. Region of Interest was applied to take the center of a vessel object and remove the background. In the final stage, the process of noise reduction and removal of small pixel values with Median Filter and Closing Morphology. Datasets used in this research were DRIVE and STARE. The average result was obtained for STARE dataset with an accuracy of 94.41%, Sensitivity of 55.57%, Specification of 98.31%, F1 Score of 64.81% while for the DRIVE dataset with accuracy of 94.78%, Sensitivity of 43.46%, Specification of 99.81%, and F1 Score of 59.39%.
On the Differences between General Cross-Lagged Panel Model and Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model: Interpretation of Cross-Lagged Parameters and Model Choice

ABSTRACT Many methods have been developed to infer reciprocal relations between longitudinally observed variables. Among them, the general cross-lagged panel model (GCLM) is the most recent development as a variant of the cross-lagged panel model (CLPM), while the random-intercept CLPM (RI-CLPM) has rapidly become a popular approach. In this article, we describe how common factors and cross-lagged parameters included in these models can be interpreted, using a unified framework that was recently developed. Because common factors are modeled with lagged effects in the GCLM, they have both direct and indirect influences on observed scores, unlike stable trait factors included in the RI-CLPM. This indicates that the GCLM does not control for stable traits as the RI-CLPM does, and that there are interpretative differences in cross-lagged parameters between these models. We also explain that including such common factors as well as moving-average terms in the GCLM makes this interpretation very complicated.
İlkokula Hazırlık Becerilerine İlişkin Okul Öncesi ve Birinci Sınıf Öğretmenleri ile Öğretmen Adaylarının Görüşleri

Arastirmanin amaci, okul oncesi ogretmenleri ve birinci sinif ogretmenleri ile okuloncesi ve sinif ogretmenligi 4. sinif ogrencilerinin, cocuklarin ilkokula geciste sahip olmasi gereken ilkokula hazirlik becerilerine iliskin goruslerini incelemektir. Ayrica arastirmanin bir diger amaci ise, katilimcilarin ilkokula hazirlik becerilerinden hangilerine daha cok onem verdiklerini belirlemektir. Arastirma betimsel tarama modelinde tasarlanmistir. Kolay ulasilabilir ornekleme yolu ile arastirmaya 80 okul oncesi ogretmeni, 50 sinif ogretmeni, 51 okul oncesi ogretmen adayi ve 88 sinif ogretmen adayi olmak uzere toplam 269 kisi katilmistir. Arastirmada veri toplama araci olarak arastirmacilar tarafindan gelistirilen “Genel Bilgi Formu” ve “Ilkokula Hazirlik Becerileri Anketi” kullanilmistir. Arastirma sonucunda, okul oncesi ogretmenlerinin, sinif ogretmenlerinin ve okul oncesi ogretmen adaylarinin ilkokula hazirlik becerilerine iliskin gorusleri incelendiginde en yuksek ortalamanin; oz bakim becerileri alanina ait oldugu gorulmustur. Sinif ogretmenligi adaylarinin ise ilkokula hazirlik becerilerine iliskin gorusleri incelendiginde en yuksek ortalamanin fiziksel gelisim alanina ait oldugu gorulmustur.
Primer and probe conservation issue in the quantification of hepatitis B virus DNA

Current treatment strategies for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection aim at long‐term suppression of the viral replication since a cure remains elusive. Its clinical management therefore relies greatly on routine monitoring of serum HBV DNA levels using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays. Designing a highly conserved oligonucleotide set for the qPCR assay can be challenging due to the high genetic heterogeneity of the virus. The ever‐increasing number of HBV genomes deposited in the GenBank nucleotide database warrants a revisit to previous primer and probe designs. We examined primer and probe sets from 53 qPCR assays published in the past 2 decades for their coverage in 9864 complete HBV genomes retrieved from GenBank. Of all the 53 qPCR assays, only 17% achieved ≥80% coverage. About 40% of the 53 assays covered less than 20% of the 9864 genomes. In silico DNA thermodynamics analysis demonstrated reduced primer/probe binding affinity, which further increases the risk of viral load misdetection and underestimation for certain HBV variants. Taken together, there is a pressing need for improving available qPCR designs for the quantification of HBV DNA based on the updated genome data.