Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cytosolic Prion Protein Is Not Toxic and Protects against Bax-mediated Cell Death in Human Primary Neurons*

Recently, it was observed that reverse-translocated cytosolic PrP and PrP expressed in the cytosol induce rapid death in neurons (Ma, J., Wollmann, R., and Lindquist, S. (2002) Science 298, 1781–1785). In this study, we investigated whether accumulation of prion protein (PrP) in the cytosol is toxic to human neurons in primary culture. We show that in these neurons, a single PrP isoform lacking signal peptide accumulates in the cytosol of neurons treated with epoxomicin, a specific proteasome inhibitor. Therefore, endogenously expressed PrP is subject to the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway and is degraded by the proteasome in human primary neurons. In contrast to its toxicity in N2a cells, reverse-translocated PrP (ERAD-PrP) is not toxic even when neurons are microinjected with cDNA constructs to overexpress either wild-type PrP or mutant PrPD178N. We found that ERAD-PrP in human neurons remains detergentsoluble and proteinase K-sensitive, in contrast to its detergent-insoluble and proteinase K-resistant state in N2a cells. Furthermore, not only is microinjection of a cDNA construct expressing CyPrP not toxic, it protects these neurons against Bax-mediated cell death. We conclude that in human neurons, ERAD-PrP is not converted naturally into a form reminiscent of scrapie PrP and that PrP located in the cytosol retains its protective function against Bax. Thus, it is unlikely that simple accumulation of PrP in the cytosol can cause neurodegeneration in prion diseases.
Ionic products of bioactive glass dissolution increase proliferation of human osteoblasts and induce insulin-like growth factor II mRNA expression and protein synthesis.

Bioglass 45S5 is an osteoproductive material, which resorbs by releasing its constitutive ions into solution. Treatment with the ionic products of Bioglass 45S5 dissolution in DMEM for 4 days increased human osteoblast proliferation to 155% of control. Two days after treatment, differential gene expression was analyzed by cDNA microarrays. Expression of a potent osteoblast mitogenic growth factor, insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II), was increased to 290%. Additionally, there was a 168% increase in the concentration of unbound IGF-II protein in the conditioned media of treated osteoblasts. Expression levels of IGFBP-3, an IGF-II carrier protein, metalloproteinase-2 and cathepsin-D were also increased to 200, 340, and 310% of control levels, respectively. Metalloproteinase-2 and cathepsin-D are proteases that cleave IGF-II from its carrier proteins, resulting in the release of the unbound biologically active IGF-II. We suggest that the stimulatory effect of the ionic products of Bioglass 45S5 dissolution on osteoblast proliferation may be mediated by IGF-II.
A dual mechanism controlling the localization and function of exocytic v-SNAREs

SNARE [soluble NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor) attachment protein receptor] proteins are essential for membrane fusion but their regulation is not yet fully understood. We have previously shown that the amino-terminal Longin domain of the v-SNARE TI-VAMP (tetanus neurotoxin-insensitive vesicle-associated membrane protein)/VAMP7 plays an inhibitory role in neurite outgrowth. The goal of this study was to investigate the regulation of TI-VAMP as a model of v-SNARE regulation. We show here that the Longin domain (LD) plays a dual role. First, it negatively regulates the ability of TI-VAMP and of a Longin/Synaptobrevin chimera to participate in SNARE complexes. Second, it interacts with the adaptor complex AP-3 and this interaction targets TI-VAMP to late endosomes. Accordingly, in mocha cells lacking AP-3δ, TI-VAMP is retained in an early endosomal compartment. Furthermore, TI-VAMPc, an isoform of TI-VAMP lacking part of the LD, does not interact with AP-3, and therefore is not targeted to late endosomes; however, this shorter LD still inhibits SNARE-complex formation. These findings support a mechanism controlling both localization and function of TI-VAMP through the LD and clathrin adaptors. Moreover, they point to the amino-terminal domains of SNARE proteins as multifunctional modules responsible for the fine tuning of SNARE function.
Effects of endogenous glucagon on glucose kinetics in shivering dogs.

Intravenous infusion of D-[3-3H]glucose at a constant rate was used to measure glucose production (rate of appearance, Ra) and utilization (rate of disappearance, Rd) in normal overnight-fasted dogs exposed to either neutral (TaN = +25 degrees C) or cold (TaC = -21 degrees C) ambient temperature. At TaC the metabolic rate was 4.1 times greater than at TaN and the dogs remained normothermic under both conditions. During control periods, cold exposure provoked a 2.2 times increase in hepatic Ra while plasma glucagon remained unaffected. Between two control periods somatostatin (1 microgram.kg-1.min-1 iv) and insulin (0.5 mU.kg-1.min-1 intraportal) were infused in such a manner that plasma insulin remained fairly constant at basal levels while glucagon dropped by 51% (TaN) and 66% (TaC), these percentages being not significantly different. This selective glucagon deficiency resulted in a 24% (TaN) and 30% (TaC) reduction in plasma glucose concentration, due to a 23% (TaN) and 25% (TaC) reduction in glucose production. There was a significant (r = 0.82, P less than 0.01) correlation between the control Ra and the reduction induced by the glucagon deficiency. At TaN and TaC, two significant parallel relationships were found between hepatic Ra and plasma glucagon concentration suggesting that glucagon has a modulatory effect on more fundamental mechanisms triggered by the cold-increased metabolic needs.
Intracellular periodontal pathogen exploits recycling pathway to exit from infected cells

Although human gingival epithelium prevents intrusions by periodontal bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis, the most well‐known periodontal pathogen, is able to invade gingival epithelial cells and pass through the epithelial barrier into deeper tissues. We previously reported that intracellular P. gingivalis exits from gingival epithelial cells via a recycling pathway. However, the underlying molecular process remains unknown. In the present study, we found that the pathogen localized in early endosomes recruits VAMP2 and Rab4A. VAMP2 was found to be specifically localized in early endosomes, although its localization remained unclear in mammalian cells. A single transmembrane domain of VAMP2 was found to be necessary and sufficient for localizing in early endosomes containing P. gingivalis in gingival epithelial cells. VAMP2 forms a complex with EXOC2/Sec5 and EXOC3/Sec6, whereas Rab4A mediates dissociation of the EXOC complex followed by recruitment of RUFY1/Rabip4, Rab4A effector, and Rab14. Depletion of VAMP2 or Rab4A resulted in accumulation of bacteria in early endosomes and disturbed bacterial exit from infected cells. It is suggested that these novel dynamics allow P. gingivalis to exploit fast recycling pathways promoting further bacterial penetration of gingival tissues.
Combining of feature extraction for real-time facial authentication system

The face is one of the biometric personal identification in access to services both private and public which uses authentication system. Naturally it is easy recognized from long distance, unfortunately its performance is still low compared to other biometric. To improve performance of face recognition there should be some of feature extraction techniques because this section is the basic process for authentication purposes by combining. This paper presents the combining of two feature extraction are principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) using Euclidean distance classifications to improve the performance of face-based real time authentication system for users. Combining of feature extraction to calculate values of PCA and LDA so are acquired the matching scores. The matching scores are sums of both of feature extraction values. The combined extractor can improve distinctive values of face images. Distance measure to find the shortest distance between the template images with the test images using Euclidean distance. The system performance provide authentication of personal identification based on each face image of user. Results obtained from image of the 11 users show that combined extractor give the best performance compared to the performance of a single feature extraction. Proposed method provides better average performance than single extractor, it can solve low performance on facial authentication system. The real time system will be more flexible and compatible with the existing conditions of services so need better performance.
Thoracic Core Needle Biopsy Using Ultrasound Guidance

This article demonstrates the usefulness of ultrasound (US)-guided core needle biopsy in the diagnosis of thoracic lesions. Between January 1997 and June 2000, 45 US-guided core needle biopsies were performed in the department of radiology. This method was chosen in every case when the lesion abutted the chest wall. Conventional histologic examinations supplemented by immunohistochemical methods were performed. The location and size of the mass, the number of samplings, the needle size, the histologic results, and any complications were recorded. Twenty-two lesions reached the anterior, six reached the lateral, and 14 reached the posterior chest wall. Biopsies were performed on three masses from the supraclavicular region. The mean diameter was 4.5 cm and the number of passes was 1.8; 18-G, 16-G, and 14-G needles were used in 41, two, and two cases, respectively. In 43 of the 45 cases (95.68%), an exact histologic diagnosis could be provided. In two cases, only necrotic tissue was seen in the biopsy sample. No major complications occurred. Minor complications, including pain and collaptiform weakness, were documented in four patients. Ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy of thoracic lesions is a safe, quick, and accurate method. For diagnosing thoracic lesions, a single sample with an 18-G biopsy needle is sufficient to achieve a final diagnosis when using appropriate histologic methods.
Detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in skeletal muscle and blood of ewes from a sheep farm in New Zealand

Abstract AIM: To determine whether viable Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) is present in skeletal muscle and blood in ewes with and without Johne's disease confirmed histologically. METHODS: A total of 51 mixed-aged ewes in poor body condition from a farm with a history of clinical Johne's disease were culled and examined at necropsy. BACTEC radiometric culture was performed on samples of skeletal muscle from the biceps femoris, mononuclear cells in peripheral blood (hereafter referred to as blood), and ileum. Histological sections and Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN)-stained impression smears of terminal ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes were examined. Ewes were defined as having confirmed Johne's disease if there was histopathological evidence typical of the disease within the ileum and adjacent lymph nodes. RESULTS: Eighteen of 21 (86%) ewes with confirmed clinical Johne's disease were culture-positive for Map from sites peripheral to the alimentary tract, comprising 15 from skeletal muscle and 13 from blood. Five of 30 (17%) ewes that did not have Johne's disease were culture-positive, with four from skeletal muscle and one from blood. The likelihood that ewes with confirmed Johne's disease had systemic Map infection compared with ewes without was determined as OR=30 (95% CI=6.3–142.0; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of Map infection of skeletal muscle and blood in ewes with confirmed Johne's disease was 71% and 62% respectively, and in unaffected ewes was 13% for muscle and 3% for blood. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Skeletal muscle and blood are potential sources of exposure of humans to Map, and the risk appears higher from sheep with Johne's disease.
Improvement of semi-quantitative small-animal PET data with recovery coefficients: A phantom and rat study

AimTo evaluate the accuracy of semi-quantitative small-animal PET data, uncorrected for attenuation, and then of the same semi-quantitative data corrected by means of recovery coefficients (RCs) based on phantom studies. Materials and methodsA phantom containing six fillable spheres (diameter range: 4.4–14 mm) was filled with an 18F-FDG solution (spheres/background activity=10.1, 5.1 and 2.5). RCs, defined as measured activity/expected activity, were calculated. Nude rats harbouring tumours (n=50) were imaged after injection of 18F-FDG and sacrificed. The standardized uptake value (SUV) in tumours was determined with small-animal PET and compared to ex-vivo counting (ex-vivo SUV). Small-animal PET SUVs were corrected with RCs based on the greatest tumour diameter. Tumour proliferation was assessed with cyclin A immunostaining and correlated to the SUV. ResultsRCs ranged from 0.33 for the smallest sphere to 0.72 for the largest. A sigmoidal correlation was found between RCs and sphere diameters (r2=0.99). Small-animal PET SUVs were well correlated with ex-vivo SUVs (y=0.48x−0.2; r2=0.71) and the use of RCs based on the greatest tumour diameter significantly improved regression (y=0.84x−0.81; r2=0.77), except for tumours with important necrosis. Similar results were obtained without sacrificing animals, by using PET images to estimate tumour dimensions. RC-based corrections improved correlation between small-animal PET SUVs and tumour proliferation (uncorrected data: Rho=0.79; corrected data: Rho=0.83). ConclusionRecovery correction significantly improves both accuracy of small-animal PET semi-quantitative data in rat studies and their correlation with tumour proliferation, except for largely necrotic tumours.
Physical Activity Behavior of People With Multiple Sclerosis: Understanding How They Can Become More Physically Active

Background People with multiple sclerosis (MS) are less physically active than those without the disease. Understanding the modifiable factors that are related to physical inactivity is important for developing effective physical activity programs. Objective The objectives of this study were to determine levels of physical activity and to determine factors related to the physical activity behavior of adults with MS by use of the Physical Activity for People With a Disability (PAD) model. The PAD model combines the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework of disability and theoretical models of physical activity behavior. Design This investigation was a cross-sectional study. Methods The study participants were 106 people who had MS and who, since their definite diagnosis, had been participating in a prospective cohort study. Physical activity was assessed with the Short Questionnaire to Assess Health-Enhancing Physical Activity. The independent roles of disease characteristics and demographic, cognitive-behavioral, and environmental factors were determined using questionnaires for which reliability and validity have been established. Results The median total level of physical activity of participants with MS (mean age=42.8 years, median Expanded Disability Status Scale score=3, disease duration=6 years) was 10.68 metabolic equivalents × h/d (interquartile range=3.69–16.57). On average, participants spent 30 h/wk on activities with metabolic equivalents of 2 or more (interquartile range=10.7–45.0 h/wk). The regression models predicting physical activity behavior on the basis of demographic (29.4%) and disease-related (28.3%) variables explained more variance than the models based on cognitive-behavioral (12.0%) and environmental (9.1%) variables. Combining significant variables yielded a final regression model that explained 37.2% of the variance in physical activity. Significant determinants were disease severity, a disability pension, and having children to care for. Limitations Changes in physical activity behavior were not measured. Conclusions Participants with MS were less active if their disease was more severe, if they received a disability pension, or if they had children to care for. The PAD model was helpful in understanding the physical activity behavior of participants with MS.
Amplification of Signaling Activity of the Arc Two-component System of Escherichia coli by Anaerobic Metabolites

In Escherichia coli, changes in redox condition of growth are sensed and signaled by the Arc two-component system. This system consists of ArcB as the membrane-associated sensor kinase and ArcA as the cytoplasmic response regulator. ArcB is a tripartite kinase, possessing a primary transmitter, a receiver, and a secondary transmitter domain that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ArcA via a His → Asp → His → Asp phosphorelay, as well as the dephosphorylation of ArcA-P by a reverse phosphorelay. When ArcA and ArcB were incubated with ATP, the peak levels of phosphorylated proteins increased in the presence of the fermentation metabolitesd-lactate, acetate, or pyruvate. In this study, we report that these effectors accelerate the autophosphorylation activity of ArcB and enhance the transphosphorylation of ArcA, but have no effect on the dephosphorylation of ArcA-P. Moreover, the presence of the receiver domain of ArcB is essential for the effectors to influence the autophosphorylation rate of the primary transmitter domain of ArcB.
Introduction to the special section on psychological and behavioral approaches to occupational health.

The history of the International Commission on Occupational Health is deeply bound to that of the 20th century. First and only international scientific society of such an importance, it was founded in 1906 to bring solutions to the problems caused by a great number of occupational injuries and diseases due to the developing of industry. With the passing years, from a small medical group it has become a multidisciplinary society, present in 90 countries, where researchers, government authorities, and practitioners are coexisting in a permanent exchange between practice and research. It is composed of international scientific committees, which organize regular conferences and meet every 3 years on the occasion of the great International Congress in Occupational Health. Owing to the changes due to the new technologies of work and to the globalization of economy, the orientation of its activities is in progress: larger opening toward developing countries and the phenomenon of development in general, emphasis on prevention in occupational health, and opening of a new field of research on the psychosocial factors and work organization. At the first conference on this theme, held in Copenhagen in August 1998, occupational health and occupational psychology specialists met. Indeed, new approaches are needed, like the setting up of adapted tools to face the consequences of these factors on health and the construction of a new paradigm of occupational health. Today, both the transcultural approach of the problems of occupational health and the ethical thought on fundamental values are necessary.
Effects of 8 Weeks of Isoinertial vs. Cable-Resistance Training on Motor Skills Performance and Interlimb Asymmetries

Abstract Madruga-Parera, M, Bishop, C, Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe, A, Beato, M, Gonzalo-Skok, O, and Romero-Rodríguez, D. Effects of 8-weeks of Isoinertial vs. Cable-resistance Training on Motor Skills Performance and Interlimb Asymmetries. J Strength Cond Res 36(5): 1200–1208, 2022—The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 8 weeks of isoinertial vs. cable-resistance training on motor skills performance and interlimb asymmetries in handball players. Thirty-four young male handball players (mean ± SD: age: 15.96 ± 1.39 years; height: 1.74 ± 0.73 m; body mass: 70.5 ± 13.3 kg) participated in a randomized trial. The players performed an isoinertial program using a portable flywheel device or a cable-resistance device. Performance variations and interlimb asymmetries in dominant (D) and nondominant (ND) limb means of the unilateral countermovement jump (UCMJ), the unilateral lateral jump (ULJ), the unilateral broad jump (UBJ), handball throwing (HT), change of direction speed (COD180), the linear sprint (S20), the V-CUT test, and the repeated change of direction (RCOD) were recorded. Significant interactions were shown in RCODD (p = 0.003, ηp = 0.25), HT (p = 0.015, ηp = 0.17) and UCMJASY (p = 0.037, ηp = 0.13). Post-hoc testing revealed higher effect sizes in the isoinertial group (p < 0.05) for the performance improvements in RCODD (−1.35 large vs. −0.22, small) and HT (0.88, moderate vs. 0.00, trivial), in addition to interlimb asymmetry reductions in UCMJASY (−0.70 moderate vs. −0.32, small). Significant main effects of time in COD180, RCOD, UCMJ, and UBJ for both limbs (p < 0.05, from moderate to large effect size), and in ULJND (p < 0.001, large), UCMJASY (p < 0.001, moderate), V-CUT (p = 0.014, small), and HT (p = 0.015, large) were found. The effect sizes revealed greater magnitudes in the isoinertial group. In conclusion, although both resistance training programs improve players' to physical performance and reduce interlimb asymmetries, greater improvements were recorded with the isoinertial resistance training than with the cable-resistance methodology.
Analyse syntaxique et formalisation d'énoncés en langue des signes française

La question de l’etude linguistique de la langue des signes francaise (LSF) est relativement recente compte tenu de l’histoire difficile de la reconnaissance des langues signees (LS) en Europe et plus particulierement en France. Le travail de these que nous avons mene s’inscrit dans une perspective syntaxique. Notre recherche a tout d’abord porte sur l’organisation syntaxique de la phrase simple avant de s’attacher plus particulierement a la notion de verbe. Cette etude prend appui sur l’etude comparee de langues differentes telles que le francais, et d’autres langues orales, LO, (telles que des langues africaines ou amazoniennes) mais aussi des LS telles que la langue des signes americaine (ASL), la langue des signes quebecoise (LSQ) par exemple. L’enjeu de cette recherche est de mettre a jour des correlations entre les systemes linguistiques des LO et des LS. En effet, nous remarquons que le verbe presente des similitudes dans son fonctionnement avec des langues amazoniennes : la flexion du verbe en LSF peut se voir comme une marque de l’incorporation nominale. C’est ce phenomene en particulier que nous avons decrit d’un point de vue syntaxique. Par la suite, nous proposons une formalisation du phenomene de l’incorporation nominale dans le cadre theorique de la grammaire generative. La these pose la question du point de vue a adopter sur un systeme linguistique particulier et tente d’y repondre en ouvrant a une plus large comparaison entre les LS et les LO dans le but d’enrichir les deux systemes linguistiques (systemes auditivo-oral et visuo-gestuel).