Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment and Control in the Urban District of Wuhan, China: Implications for Community Nursing Practice

Background: Hypertension is a significant public health challenge contributing to cardiovascular disease and stroke, and leads to premature mortality and disability both globally and locally. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of hypertension and to determine the awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in an urban Chinese population. Methods: A cross-sectional, quantitative survey design. A total of 1448 community residents were recruited from the SuiGuoHu district using a stratified random sampling strategy. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires and health examination. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 35.4%, significantly higher in women (40.8%) than in men (30.7%) (P<0.001). More than one third (37.9%) of those with hypertension were not compliant with prescribed medications, significantly higher among women (44.4%) than men (28.6%). Approximately 68% were aware, with women (75.6%) significantly higher than men (60.3%) (P<0.001). The treatment rates were 87.7% and women were less likely (46.7%) to have their blood pressure controlled than men (47.2%).
Does Driver Suicide Occur in Iran

Background: Iran has a relatively low suicide rate and the highest road death rate in the world. Objectives: To explore the possibility that driver suicide occurs in Iran. Methods: Examination of the relevant suicide and road traffic literature. Results: Suicide in Iran includes self-immolation, hanging and other violent methods. It is stigmatized and suicidal intent and actions may be denied. The choice of suicide method depends on availability and culture. Driver suicide is reported in many countries and represents a small percentage of the total number of suicides. It is a method which may hide the fact of suicide and suggest accident. We could find no report of driver suicide from Iran. Conclusions: There is great interest in reducing the road toll in Iran. Driver suicide may be occurring but not being reported. If driver suicide has a role in the road deaths of Iran, identification and quantification would be helpful.
A Fibrinolytic Enzyme Produced by Bacillus subtilis Using Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) as Substrate

A Fibrinolytic Enzyme (BSFE) was isolated from fermented chickpeas using Bacillus subtilis. BSFE was purified with ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The fibrin (ogen) olytic activity of BSFE was investigated by means of fibrinolysis plate and hydrolysis of fibrinogen. Through these steps, the purity of the enzyme increased with 74.60-fold with 6.88% recovery activity. The molecular weight of the BSFE was estimated to be 30 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The optimum pH, optimum temperature, pH stability and thermal stability of BSFE were measured, respectively as 8.0, 55°C, 6.0-8.0 and less than 45°C. The activity was inhibited by serine protease inhibitor PMSF as well as metalloprotease inhibitor EDTA, indicating that the BSFE is a serine metalloprotease. In fibrin plate assay, BSFE showed more stronger fibrinolytic activity than that of nattokinase and it specifically hydrolyzed Aα and Bβ chains followed by γ chain of fibrinogen. Therefore, this study provided a method and it for the preparation of multifunctional food of chickpeas which has strong fibrinolytic activity.
Thirty Years of Perinatal Care in Portugal

From the daunting figures for maternal, perinatal and infant mortalities and morbidities of the past, in the last three to four decades, Portugal has set remarkable standards of care with the gratifying results of, either overlapping or even surpassing, those of many of the western countries. This is the case for maternal mortality at just over 5-8/100,000 live births per year and perinatal mortality at below 5/1.000 live births, in the last ten years. Although a decrease in maternal and perinatal mortalities has also been achieved in all European countries Portugal was one of those with the most significant falls. Rationalization of human and financial resources was instrumental, with sophisticated technologies playing a subsidiary role for the high risk pregnancies and sick neonates. Above all, it has been a successful example of collaboration and goodwill between professionals and politicians alike regardless of the, often, conflicting interests.
Crustal geotherm in southern Deccan basalt province, India: The Moho is as cold as adjoining cratons

Deccan basalts have long been considered to be a product of Reunion plume – Indian lithosphere interaction, about 65 Ma ago. However, recent studies call into question their plume origin. In this study, we investigate whether there is or not a thermal signature of the plume in the present-day thermal regime of the Deccan crust. Our study is limited to the southeastern Deccan province, where surface heat flow values are abundant and the radiogenic heat contribution of the underlying crust (~2.7-2.5 Ga old eastern Dharwar craton) can be well constrained from its exposed crustal cross-section. Surface heat flow varies from 33 to 73 mW m with a mean of 45 mW m. Heat production of the Deccan basalts (tholeiite) is 0.39 μW m, and heat production of the basement rocks is assigned on the basis of the data from the Dharwar craton. The basement Dharwar crust is composed of middleto late Archaean greenstone belts, gneisses, granites and granulites, whose heat production has been determined from > 1500 sites, which belong to various crustal depth layers (greenschist, amphibolite and granulite facies) of the exposed crustal section. The data suggest a radiogenic heat contribution of Deccan crust of ~38 mW m, implying a Moho heat flow of ~7 mW m and Moho temperature of ~280 C, which are similar to those in the adjoining Archaean Dharwar craton. Therefore, it appears that there is no thermal trace of the supposed plume in the present-day crustal thermal regime of the southeastern Deccan basalt province.
Martingale Approach to Pricing Perpetual American Options

Abstract The method of Esscher transforms is a tool for valuing options on a stock, if the logarithm of the stock price is governed by a stochastic process with stationary and independent increments. The price of a derivative security is calculated as the expectation, with respect to the risk-neutral Esscher measure, of the discounted payoffs. Applying the optional sampling theorem we derive a simple, yet general formula for the price of a perpetual American put option on a stock whose downward movements are skip-free. Similarly, we obtain a formula for the price of a perpetual American call option on a stock whose upward movements are skip-free. Under the classical assumption that the stock price is a geometric Brownian motion, the general perpetual American contingent claim is analysed, and formulas for the perpetual down-and-out call option and Russian option are obtained. The martingale approach avoids the use of differential equations and provides additional insight. We also explain the relationship between Samuelson's high contact condition and the first order condition for optimality.
Nutritional plans on the intake, digestibility, and performance of dairy heifers of different breed compositions.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of nutritional plans and breed composition on nutrient intake and digestibility, nitrogen balance, and performance of dairy heifers in tropical conditions. Thirty-six heifers – 12 Holstein, 12 Gyr, and 12 Gyrolando F1 (½ Holstein × ½ Gyr) – were housed in a tie-stall system and randomly distributed, adopting a completely randomized design in a 3×3 factorial arrangement (nutritional plans and breed composition). The diets were formulated to enable weight gains of 200, 400, and 800 g per day, corresponding to the nutritional plans 11, 14, and 19 g kg -1 body weight (BW), respectively. The intake of dry matter, fibrous fractions (g kg -1 BW -0.75 ), and metabolizable energy (kcal -1 BW -0.75 ) in the 11-g kg -1 plan were greater for Gyr heifers than for Gyrolando and Holstein heifers. Ether extract digestibility was 13.85% higher for Gyr heifers compared with Gyrolando F1 in the 19-g kg -1 plan. The increase in the nutritional plans shows a quadratic response to nutrient intake and a linear response to average daily gain, but does not affect the digestibility coefficients. Gyr and Gyrolando F1 heifers present similar nutritional efficiency to that of Holstein heifers.
Investigating the Interaction between the Volatility of Exchange Rate and Stock Returns in Four Asian Countries

In this paper, we are interested to investigate how changes in exchange rate regime/ flexibility can affect the interaction between the volatility of exchange rate and stock returns in four selected Asian countries (Indonesia, Korea, Philippines and Thailand). The reason to focus the study on these countries is due to the drastic change in their exchange rate regime from fixed to flexible regime and inflation targeting aftermath the Asia financial crisis of 1997. In particular, we are interested to investigate the above matter by comparing the results of pre- inflation targeting (IT) and post-IT periods in addition to reveal macroeconomic factors that determine the relationship. For the purpose of analyses, a wide range of generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity, GARCH-type models are used to model the volatility of exchange rate and stock returns respectively for each country. The generated volatility series are used to be analyzed for the interaction effects under vector autoregressive (VAR) model. Our results detect significant bi-directional relationship between volatility of exchange rate and stock returns in three markets: Indonesia, Korea and Thailand. Also, the monetary variables (interest rate, money supply, international reserves) have significant impacts on determining the volatility of exchange rate and stock returns in Indonesia, Korea and Thailand. In general, the adoption of inflation targeting leads to different significant impacts across the four countries.
An amplifier-sharing technique for pipeline ADCs

An amplifier-sharing technique for pipeline ADC is introduced, which share a common residual amplifier between two adjacent MDACs. The circuit and work principle are given in detail. Besides the amplifier-sharing, the comparators are also shared by proper clock schedule. The measurement shows that the pipeline ADC adopting this technique consumes only half of the traditional pipeline ADC.
What do we really know about emerging risks ? A literature review and some comments

The issue of emerging risks is today recognized as an important concern for risk governance. Several organisations have developed their own definitions of this concept and deduced from that a framework to deal with them. This paper aims to compare the various definitions associated today with this term and tries to infer a conceptualization of the concept of emergence in risk management.
Testing of reactive materials for phosphorus removal from water and wastewater – comparative study

Abstract Testing of reactive materials for phosphorus removal from water and wastewater - comparative study. Excess of phosphorus in surface water is a global problem. Phosphorus found in rivers, streams, agricultural ditches and lakes comes from both point and diffuse sources. To keep water bodies in a good ecological status it is necessary to manage it a at local level. One of the possible solutions is to use reactive materials in wastewater treatment plants as well as in case of diffuse sources of pollution to implement it in water bodies transporting pollutants from small catchments. This paper presents results of research made over the period of 6 years (2008-2013) in the Department of Environmental Improvement and Water Center WULS-SGGW. Seventeen different materials available in Poland and in other parts of the world were tested as potential reactive materials for phosphorus. The most effective P-sorption reactive materials are: Polonite®, shell sand, AAC, Pollytag and limestone with the apparent sorption capacities of: 94.32, 48.39, 43.17, 28.95, and 11.12 mg/g respectively. Streszczenie Badanie materiałów reaktywnych do usuwania fosforu z wód i ścieków - studium porównawcze. Obecność nadmiernych stężeń fosforu w wodach powierzchniowych jest problemem globalnym. Fosfor występujący w rzekach, strumieniach, rowach i jeziorach pochodzi zarówno ze źródeł punktowych, jak i obszarowych. Aby utrzymać wody w dobrym stanie ekologicznym, należy podejmować działania na poziomie lokalnym. Jednym z możliwych rozwiązań jest zastosowanie materiałów reaktywnych w oczyszczalniach ścieków, jak również w przypadku obszarowych źródeł zanieczyszczeń w małych ciekach wodnych. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań prowadzonych w ciągu ostatnich 6 lat w Katedrze Kształtowania Środowiska i Centrum Wodnym SGGW. Siedemnaście różnych materiałów dostępnych zarówno w Polsce, jak i w innych częściach świata testowano jako potencjalne materiały reaktywne do usuwania fosforu. Najbardziej efektywnymi materiałami są: Polonite®, shell sand, AAC, Pollytag oraz wapień, dla których maksymalną zdolność sorpcyjną dla fosforu określono na poziomie odpowiednio: 94,32; 48,39; 43,17; 28,95 i 11,12 mg/g.
Direct observations of N2O5 reactivity on ambient aerosol particles

N2O5 reactivity has been measured directly for the first time on ambient aerosol particles using an entrained aerosol flow reactor coupled to a custom‐built chemical ionization mass spectrometer at two urban locations during summer. The observed N2O5 reactivity is a strong function of both relative humidity (RH) and particle chemical composition. We show that particulate organic mass loadings, together with ambient relative humidity, play a leading role in determining the reaction rate of N2O5 with particles. Our observed reactivity values are both more variable and, at times, as much as a factor of ten lower than currently implemented large‐scale model parameterizations would predict. Such discrepancies have likely consequences for predictions of NOx availability and ozone production, and the sensitivity of these quantities to aerosol particle loadings.
A Comprehensive Evaluation of Measures of Core Inflation for Canada

This paper evaluates the usefulness of various measures of core inflation for the conduct of monetary policy. Traditional exclusion-based measures of core inflation are found to perform relatively poorly across a range of evaluation criteria, in part due to their inability to filter unanticipated transitory shocks. In contrast, measures such as the trimmed mean and the common component of CPI perform favorably, since they better capture persistent price movements and tend to move with macroeconomic drivers. All measures of core inflation, however, have limitations – consequently, there is merit in monitoring a set of measures. Moreover, core inflation measures are best viewed as complements to, rather than substitutes for, the thorough analysis of inflation and capacity pressures that informs the monetary policy process.
Pip and Pop

Dynamic and complex command and control situations often require the timely recognition of changes in the environment in order to detect potentially malicious actions. Change detection can be challenging within a continually evolving scene, and particularly under multitasking conditions whereby attention is necessarily divided between several subtasks. On-screen tools can assist with detection (e.g., providing a visual record of changes, ensuring that none are overlooked), however, in a high workload environment, this may result in information overload to the detriment of the primary task. One alternative is to exploit the auditory modality as a means to support visual change detection. In the current study, we use a naval air-warfare simulation, and introduce an auditory alarm to coincide with critical visual changes (in aircraft speed/direction) on the radar. We found that participants detected a greater percentage of visual changes and were significantly quicker to detect these changes when they were accompanied by an auditory alarm than when they were not. Furthermore, participants reported that mental demand was lower in the auditory alarm condition, and this was reflected in reduced classification omissions on the primary task. Results are discussed in relation to Wickens’ multiple resource theory of attention and indicate the potential for using the auditory modality to facilitate visual change detection.
Morphological Divergence of Native and Recently Established Populations of White Sands Pupfish (Cyprinodon tularosa)

Abstract We used landmark-based geometric morphometric methods to describe patterns of body shape variation and shape covariation with size among populations of the threatened White Sands Pupfish (Cyprinodon tularosa), a species that occurs in dissimilar aquatic habitats. White Sands Pupfish populations include two genetically distinct, native populations that have been historically isolated in Salt Creek, a saline river, and Malpais Spring, a brackish spring. In addition, two populations were established approximately 30 years before this study by translocation of fish from Salt Creek to Lost River (a saline river) and Mound Spring (a brackish spring). We found significant body shape variation among populations and between males and females. Body shapes were more slender for females than for males and more slender for saline river populations than brackish spring populations. Introductions of pupfish to new habitats resulted in significant departures in body shape and shape allometry from the native Salt Creek population. Shape divergence was more pronounced for the Mound Spring population, which is consistent with a greater change in abiotic conditions. Although Mound Spring pupfish, like Malpais Spring pupfish, were more deep-bodied than saline river pupfish, differences in body shape and the level of sexual dimorphism were significant between the two brackish spring populations, indicating that deep-bodied shapes may be achieved from different anatomical configurations. The significant shape divergence of introduced populations warrants consideration for the conservation of this rare species, as creation of refuge populations for native stocks is a current management strategy.
Nonlinear and linear robust control of switching power converters

Switching power converters are nonlinear and time variant systems. The classical controller design for a switching power converter based on the linear model is derived by one of the conventional modelling methods. However the parameter and load variations and input unregulated voltage are not taken into consideration simultaneously in a controller design. In this paper, we use "input-output feedback linearization" technique for nonlinear control issue, and "Kharitonov, H/spl infin/ and /spl mu/-synthesis" techniques for robust control in design of nonlinear and linear robust controllers to access both satisfactory stability and satisfactory performance, even in case of uncertainties and disturbances, for typical fifth-order DC-DC switching power converter. The stability and performance of the converter and the effectiveness of the proposed controllers are demonstrated by some simulated results. Making use of simulation results, various comparisons between these controllers and a variety of other controllers are then made, exhibiting the high efficiency of these methods compared to conventional methods.
Consistency of (Intertemporal) Beta Asset Pricing and Black-Scholes Option Valuation

It is well-known that the CAPM valuation formula results from a quadratic utility of the representative investor. In this paper we show that the CAPM valuation rule remains valid if the representative investor exhibits an exponential utility and asset and market returns are bivariate normally distributed. In contrast to quadratic utility, exponential utility implies a positive stochastic discount factor that guarantees positive (option) prices. In particular, within our discrete-time framework, options are priced according to the Black-Scholes formula. In addition, our approach allows the valuation of single assets if their return follows an intertemporal market model with stochastic beta. The resulting valuation formula differs from the standard CAPM only in that the expected beta replaces the deterministic one. It turns out that the expected beta can easily be estimated from the return time series.
Superresolution Using Perceptually Significant Side Information

We investigate the problem of super-resolution of images in the presence of side information. In some situations, when some information of the original image is available to the sender, it can be embedded into the low resolution images, either in the pixels themselves or in the headers. This information can be later used when required to reconstruct the superresolved image. For this, a novel multiresolution histogram matching based superresolution procedure is outlined. The proposed technique gives better results compared to contemporary resolution enhancement algorithms, and is especially useful for de-blurring text images captured from mobile phone cameras.
Spatiotemporal patterns of the fossil-fuel CO 2 signal in central Europe: Results from a high-resolution atmospheric transport model

Abstract. The emission of CO2 from the burning of fossil fuel is a prime determinant of variations in atmospheric CO2. Here, we simulate this fossil-fuel signal together with the natural and background components with a regional high-resolution atmospheric transport model for central and southern Europe considering separately the emissions from different sectors and countries on the basis of emission inventories and hourly emission time functions. The simulated variations in atmospheric CO2 agree very well with observation-based estimates, although the observed variance is slightly underestimated, particularly for the fossil-fuel component. Despite relatively rapid atmospheric mixing, the simulated fossil-fuel signal reveals distinct annual mean structures deep into the troposphere, reflecting the spatially dense aggregation of most emissions. The fossil-fuel signal accounts for more than half of the total (fossil fuel + biospheric + background) temporal variations in atmospheric CO2 in most areas of northern and western central Europe, with the largest variations occurring on diurnal timescales owing to the combination of diurnal variations in emissions and atmospheric mixing and transport out of the surface layer. The covariance of the fossil-fuel emissions and atmospheric transport on diurnal timescales leads to a diurnal fossil-fuel rectifier effect of up to 9 ppm compared to a case with time-constant emissions. The spatial pattern of CO2 from the different sectors largely reflects the distribution and relative magnitude of the corresponding emissions, with power plant emissions leaving the most distinguished mark. An exception is southern and western Europe, where the emissions from the transportation sector dominate the fossil-fuel signal. Most of the fossil-fuel CO2 remains within the country responsible for the emission, although in smaller countries up to 80 % of the fossil-fuel signal can come from abroad. A fossil-fuel emission reduction of 30 % is clearly detectable for a surface-based observing system for atmospheric CO2, while it is beyond the edge of detectability for the current generation of satellites with the exception of a few hotspot sites. Changes in variability in atmospheric CO2 might open an additional door for the monitoring and verification of changes in fossil-fuel emissions, primarily for surface-based systems.