Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Influence of CYP3A5 Expression on the Extent of Hepatic CYP3A Inhibition Is Substrate-Dependent: An in Vitro-in Vivo Evaluation

Despite several studies suggesting that CYP3A5 expression can influence the extent of hepatic CYP3A-mediated inhibition, a systematic in vitro-in vivo evaluation of this potential clinically important issue has not been reported. Using representative probes from two distinct CYP3A substrate subgroups (midazolam, erythromycin), the inhibitory potency of fluconazole was evaluated in pooled human liver microsomes (HLM) with a low or high specific CYP3A5 content, in recombinant CYP3A enzymes (rCYP3A), and in healthy volunteers lacking or carrying the CYP3A5*1 allele. Fluconazole was a slightly more potent inhibitor of CYP3A activity in CYP3A5-HLM than in CYP3A5+ HLM with midazolam (Ki of 15 and 25 μM, respectively) but not with erythromycin (IC50 of 70 and 54 μM, respectively). In comparison, fluconazole was a much more potent inhibitor of rCYP3A4 than rCYP3A5 with both midazolam (Ki of 7.7 and 54 μM, respectively) and erythromycin (IC50 of 100 and 350 μM, respectively). As predicted from HLM, with i.v. midazolam, the average (± S.D.) in vivo Ki (Ki,iv) was significantly higher in CYP3A5*1 carriers (24 ± 17 and 17 ± 8 μM for homozygous and heterozygous groups, respectively) than in noncarriers (13 ± 6 μM) (p = 0.02). With the erythromycin breath test, the average Ki,iv was not different between homozygous CYP3A5*1 carriers (30 ± 12 μM) and noncarriers (58 ± 53 μM). In conclusion, the effect of CYP3A5 on hepatic CYP3A-mediated inhibitory drug-drug interactions is substrate-dependent, and HLM, rather than rCYP3A, are the preferred in vitro system for predicting these interactions in vivo.
Pre‐diagnostic alcohol consumption and breast cancer recurrence and mortality: Results from a prospective cohort with a wide range of variation in alcohol intake

The association between pre‐diagnostic alcohol consumption and breast cancer recurrence and breast cancer specific mortality was investigated in 1,052 women diagnosed with early breast cancer in a prospective cohort of 29,875 women. Known clinical, lifestyle and socioeconomic risk factors were evaluated and adjusted for in multivariate analysis. We found a modest but significant association between pre‐diagnostic alcohol consumption and breast cancer recurrence with a median follow‐up of six years after date of diagnosis, both when using baseline measures of alcohol intake (HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.02–2.67; >2 units/day vs. ≤1 unit/day) and cumulated alcohol intake (HR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.06–3.85; >40 drinking years vs. 0
Genetic heterogeneity in human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type II

DNA from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 17 different individuals infected with human T-cell lymphoma/leukemia virus type II (HTLV-II) was successfully amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the primer pair SK110/SK111. This primer pair is conserved among the pol genes of all primate T-cell lymphoma viruses (PTLV) and flanks a 140-bp fragment of DNA which, when used in comparative analyses, reflects the relative degree of diversity among PTLV genomes. Cloning, sequencing, and phylogenetic comparisons of these amplified 140-bp pol fragments indicated that there are at least two distinct genetic substrains of HTLV-II in the Western Hemisphere. These data were confirmed for selected isolates by performing PCR, cloning, and sequencing with to 10 additional primer pair-probe sets specific for different regions throughout the PTLV genome. HTLV-II isolates from Seminole, Guaymi, and Tobas Indians belong in the new substrain of HTLV-II, while the prototype MoT isolate defines the original substrain. There was greater diversity among HTLV-II New World strains than among HTLV-I New World strains. In fact, the heterogeneity among HTLV-II strains from the Western Hemisphere was similar to that observed in HTLV-I and simian T-cell lymphoma/leukemia virus type I isolates from around the world, including Japan, Africa, and Papua New Guinea. Given these geographic and anthropological considerations and assuming similar mutation rates and selective forces among the PTLV, these data suggest either that HTLV-II has existed for a long time in the indigenous Amerindian population or that HTLV-II isolates introduced into the New World were more heterogeneous than the HTLV-I strains introduced into the New World.
Generic class-based statistical language models for robust speech understanding in directed dialog applications

We investigate the usage of class-based statistical language models (SLMs) for robust speech understanding. Generic class-based SLMs are built using data from several applications and then tested on data from a distinct target application to benchmark their portability. The results show that these generic class-based SLMs perform as well as those trained on data from the target testing application. This leads us to conclude that, for directed dialog applications, words that do not fall within a rule (class) are generic across applications. Also, the generic class-based SLMs can be used to automatically transcribe utterances from the target application with high accuracy. These transcriptions are then used to train a word-based SLM; the resulting word-based SLM outperforms the class-based ones.
Maltose chemoreceptor of Escherichia coli: interaction of maltose-binding protein and the tar signal transducer

The maltose chemoreceptor in Escherichia coli consists of the periplasmic maltose-binding protein (MBP) and the Tar signal transducer, which is localized in the cytoplasmic membrane. We previously isolated strains containing malE mutations that cause specific defects in the chemotactic function of MBP. Four of these mutations have now been characterized by DNA sequence analysis. Two of them replace threonine at residue 53 of MBP with isoleucine (MBP-TI53), one replaces an aspartate at residue 55 with asparagine (MBP-DN55), and the fourth replaces threonine at residue 345 with isoleucine (MBP-TI345). The chemotactic defects of MBP-TI53 and MBP-DN55, but not of MBP-TI345, are suppressed by mutations in the tar gene. Of the tar mutations, the most effective suppressor (isolated independently three times) replaces Arg-73 of Tar with tryptophan. Two other tar mutations that disrupt the aspartate chemoreceptor function of Tar also suppress the maltose taxis defects associated with MBP-TI53 and MBP-DN55. One of these mutations introduces glutamine at residue 73 of Tar, the other replaces arginine at residue 69 of Tar with cysteine. These results suggest that regions of MBP that include residues 53 to 55 and residue 345 are important for the interaction with Tar. In turn, arginines at residues 69 and 73 of Tar must be involved in the recognition of maltose-bound MBP and/or in the production of the attractant signal generated by Tar in response to maltose-bound MBP.
Splenic Autotransplantation Is Always Valid after Splenectomy

ABSTRACT When splenectomy is performed, autotransplantation is the only method to preserve splenic function. The most frequently used technique for splenic autotransplantation in humans is the implantation of multiple sections of the splenic parenchyma into pouches created in the greater omentum. However, this technique of autotransplantation is associated with complications. For this reason, a technique in which only one 35-g slice of spleen is transplanted into the greater omentum but positioned within the native hypochondrium can be considered safe and useful for patients. Experimental studies continue to add valuable information to the ongoing research in the field of autotransplantation, providing a baseline for future studies in humans and adding arguments in favor of autotransplantation when the spleen cannot be preserved.
Massive MIMO in Line-of-Sight Propagation

By calculating the effective max-min SINR (signal- to-interference-plus-noise ratio) and the corresponding power controls explicitly, and selectively dropping a small number of mobiles based on a simple and effective algorithm, we demonstrate that for both downlink and uplink, employing maximum-ratio or zero-forcing linear pre-coding and de-coding, Massive MIMO with max- min power control performs comparably in LoS (Line-of-Sight) and iid (independent and identically distributed) Rayleigh fading propagation environments.
Application of inertial sensors for detecting movements of the human body

Usage of inercial sensors is widespread in many areas, especially in aueronautics. Another field of use for such sensors is capturing and recognizing gestures from sensors placed on human body parts, for example hand or shoulder. This article is dealing with a proposal of weareable sensors, capable of detecting simple gestures such as rotation, elevation, movement etc. System will be based on STM32 platform, which will guarantee low energy consumption and sufficient performance to evaluate the captured motions. Multilayer neural network capable of recognizing the elementary gestures was designed to detect movements such as hand rotations, hand vertical and horizontal movements.
[The effects of two different multimodal analgesic regimens in total hip replacement surgery].

OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the effectiveness of two different multimodal analgesia protocols in terms of postoperative pain relief, tramadol consumption during patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) and side effects after total hip replacement surgery. METHODS Group F (n=18) received general anesthesia after a 3-in-1 femoral nerve block (FNB) was applied using 40 ml of bupivacaine 0.25%. Group FD (n=18) received general anesthesia after the same block and dexketoprofen p.o. was given. All patients received intravenous tramadol at the end of surgery via a PCA device. Group FD was given dexketoprofen 75 mg/day for 48 hours postoperatively. Pain scores were evaluated at 0, 1/2, 1, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48h at rest and on movement of the hip. Side effects and global satisfaction scores in both groups were also evaluated in this setting. RESULTS Total tramadol consumption was lower in Group FD (377.7+/-137.4) than in Group F (593.9+/-132.3) (p<0.05). Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were </=3 in all follow-up periods in both groups. While in Group FD, 6 patients had nausea, 3 vomiting and 1 sedation, in Group F, 5 patients had nausea, 3 vomiting and 2 sedation. Patient global satisfaction scores in Group F were very good in 14 patients and good in 4 patients, and in Group FD were very good in 13 patients and good in 5 patients. CONCLUSION Both analgesia protocols were effective in pain relief in total hip replacement patients, with similar side effects. The effect of additional dexketoprofen was to reduce postoperative tramadol consumption.
A longitudinal evaluation of the relationship between first morning urinary and salivary cortisol

Cortisol is one of the most frequently used stress biomarkers in humans. Urine and saliva are the matrices of choice to longitudinally monitor cortisol levels. Salivary and urinary cortisol are often discussed as though they provide similar information. However, the relationship between “free” cortisol levels in urine (nonconjugated) and saliva (non‐protein‐bound) has yet to be properly evaluated using naturalistic designs.
Quality assessment of subjectively labelled training data for improving the reliability of status prediction

In order to improve the reliability of the status perception, this paper defines a metric QoSTD to measure the quality of the subjectively labelled training data used with K-means clustering. On the basis of QoSTD, we propose a method that utilizes a support vector support (SVM) model to predict the specified states of an individual's status. We also present a way to determine a threshold for QoSTD so that it rejects states that cannot be predicted with sufficient certainty. A high positive correlation between the QoSTD and the quality of the perception of the status is verified by experimental results with predictions based on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Zhengs.
Vergleichende Untersuchungen zum postnatalen Wachstum der Hintergliedmaßen verschiedener Hunderassen

Zusammenfassung: Gegenstand: Das Wachstum der Knochen der Hintergliedmaßen wurde an Hunden vier verschiedener Rassen, getrennt nach Geschlechtern, im longitudinalen Modus untersucht. Material und Methoden: Die Tiere wurden von der Geburt bis zum Wachstumsabschluss vermessen. Die biomathematische Aufbereitung der Messdaten erfolgte mithilfe der modifizierten Janoschek-Funktion. Ergebnisse: Bei allen Skelettmaßen tritt ein Geschlechtsunterschied zugunsten der Rüden auf. Bei den Beckenmaßen ist dieser Unterschied am wenigsten ausgeprägt. Das Längenwachstum der Gliedmaßenknochen zeigt ein rassespezifisches Muster. Auch zwischen den annähernd gleich großen Rottweilern und Berner Sennenhunden gibt es deutliche Unterschiede. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Die häufig geäußerte Auffassung, dass große Hunderassen länger wachsen müssen, um ihre Adultwerte zu erreichen, trifft nicht generell zu. In der Zeit der höchsten Wachstumsintensität weist das Skelett eine geringe Stabilität auf. Überernährung in dieser Phase begünstigt Skelettdefekte.
Stem cells and cell therapies in lung biology and lung diseases.

The Alpha-1 Foundation, American Thoracic Society, Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation, University of Vermont College of Medicine, University of Vermont Department of Medicine, and the Vermont Lung Center provided financial support for the conference. The conference was also supported in part by R13HL088903 from the NHLBI (D.J.W.). This article has an online supplement, which is accessible from this issue's table of contents at www.atsjournals. org Conflict of Interest Statement: D.J.W. does not have a financial relationship with a commercial entity that has an interest in the subject of this manuscript. J.K. K. does not have a financial relationship with a commercial entity that has an interest in the subject of this manuscript. L.A. O. does not have a financial relationship with a commercial entity that has an interest in the subject of this manuscript. A.P.-M. does not have a financial relationship with a commercial entity that has an interest in the subject of this manuscript. D.J.P has several patent applications submitted and two U. S. patents issued on mesenchymal stem cells; he has received royalties of less than $40,000 a year on several of these through Thomas Jefferson University and Drexel University. Organizing committee participants are as follows: Zea Borok, M.D., University of Southern California; Diane Krause, M.D., Ph.D., Yale University; Luis Ortiz, M.D., University of Pittsburgh; Darwin J. Prockop, M.D., Ph.D., Tulane University; Jeffrey Spees, Ph.D., University of Vermont; Benjamin T. Suratt, M.D., University of Vermont; Daniel J. Weiss, M.D., Ph.D., University of Vermont. A list of conference participants, executive summaries of speaker presentations, and poster abstracts are included in the online supplement.
Relationship between sperm transport and penetration of eggs in the rabbit oviduct.

Unfertilized eggs recovered fronu donor ral)bits shortly after ovulation induced by injection of HCG were transferred to the oviducts of mated recipients or recipients inseminated with 200 nuillion spermatozoa and injected with HCG at known times. It was found that although only 407r of such eggs were penetrated in 1.5 h following transfer to mated recipients at 9-9.75 h after mating, 58 and 66� were penetrated during the same period if transfers were delayed until 13.75-14.25 and 19.5-20.0 h after mating, respectively. By 24 h after nuating the percentage of eggs penetrated had fallen again to 43%. It was shown by ligation of the oviduct at the uterotubal junction that adequate sperm were in the oviduct by 9.25-9.75 h after inselllinatiOn to ensure this enhanced fertilization following transfer at 14 or 17 h hut not 20 lu after insemination. Tiuese results implied that although spernu continued to migrate from the utenis into the oviduct, more sperm in the oviduct at later times was not responsible for this plsenomellon. Further experiments in which ligation was done at the anipullar-isthmic junction or the middle of the isthnuls showed that sperm were retaiiued in the proxilnal isthmus just above the uterotuhal junction for several hours. When whole ovidncts were fixed and serially sectioned and the number . ‘. nd distribution of sperm determined, it waS fnund that at 9 h after insemination few sperm were at the site of fertilization. In the oviducts of animals killed at 14 or 20 h after insemination, the spernu in tlue oviduct (irrespective of whether tile uterotubal junction luad been ligated or not) had become redistributed with many more found at the site of fertilization. It is concluded that more eggs are penetrated in a short period of time (1.5 h) followed late transfers because there is tile ilnmediate posSii)ility of egg and sperm Ineeting.
The effect of acute normovolemic hemodilution on homologous blood requirements and total estimated red blood cell volume lost

Background:Acute normovolemic hernodilution combined with retransfusion is one of the various techniques proposed to avoid homologous blood transfusion in cardiac surgery. The purpose of the present paper is to study the effect of the volume of autologous blood collected pre‐cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on homologous blood requirements and total estimated red blood cell (RBC) volume lost in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery.
Extended Analysis of the In Vitro Tropism of Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus

ABSTRACT We previously reported that mitogenic activation of porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells resulted in production of porcine endogenous retrovirus(es) (PERV[s]) capable of productively infecting human cells (C. Wilson et al., J. Virol. 72:3082–3087, 1998). We now extend that analysis to show that additional passage of isolated virus, named here PERV-NIH, through a human cell line yielded a viral population with a higher titer of infectious virus on human cells than the initial isolate. We show that in a single additional passage on a human cell line, the increase in infectivity for human cells is accounted for by selection against variants carrying pig-tropic envelope sequences (PERV-C) as well as by enrichment for replication-competent genomes. Sequence analysis of the envelope cDNA present in virions demonstrated that the envelope sequence of PERV-NIH is related to but distinct from previously reported PERV envelopes. The in vitro host range of PERV was studied in human primary cells and cell lines, as well as in cell lines from nonhuman primate and other species. This analysis reveals three patterns of susceptibility to infection among these host cells: (i) cells are resistant to infection in our assay; (ii) cells are infected by virus, as viral RNA is detected in the supernatant by reverse transcription-PCR, but the cells are not permissive to productive replication and spread; and (iii) cells are permissive to low-level productive replication. Certain cell lines were permissive for efficient productive infection and spread. These results may prove useful in designing appropriate animal models to assess the in vivo infectivity properties of PERV.
The preliminary study of animation dictionary for onomatopoeic learning

In this paper we discuss the effectiveness of animation dictionaries. We focus on a design solution to Japanese onomatopoeic accessibility problems for the children who are hearing-impaired. Our approach is to design educational materials for deaf or hard-of-hearing children at the learning of the onomatopoeic expressions, to make the best of their abilities rather than compensating for their disabilities. Our preliminary investigation suggests that the onomatopoeic expressions accompanied by animation would be able to transmit emotional images of words. The animations were more effective than text or video clips. We believe that an animation dictionary would be an effective educational material that is understandable by hearing-impaired children.
WHOLE-BODY IRON LOSS IN NORMAL MAN MEASURED WITH A GAMMA SPECTROMETER.

Radioiron loss by hvelvc normal subjects wa.s studied for 300 daya with a. whole-body counter after intravenous Fe59 injection. Ten subjects' average loss rate was 0.030 o/o per day or 0.89 ing per · day. which v. ·aa obtained by a. caxeful analysis of geometry ! actors and by the supplemental data obtained £rom peripheral blood, stool, and urine. Radioiron loss in two subjects• stool and urine and that measured by the whole -body counte~ showed good agreement. From the analysis of stool data. it is concluded that normal man loaes: . blood in the h:. tcstinal tract and this is the route of largest iron loss in man. It wao found that the whole-body radioactivity curve enables us to measure the red cell life span.
The Unheavenly Chorus: Unequal Political Voice and the Broken Promise of American Democracy

List of Figures ix List of Tables xiii Preface xvii Acknowledgments xxv Chapter 1. Introduction: Democracy and Political Voice 1 PART I: Thinking about Inequality and Political Voice Chapter 2. The (Ambivalent) Tradition of Equality in America 31 Chapter 3. The Context: Growing Economic Inequality and Weakening Unions 69 Chapter 4. Equal Voice and the Dilemmas of Democracy 96 PART II: Inequality of Political Voice and Individual Participation Chapter 5. Does Unequal Voice Matter? 117 Chapter 6. The Persistence of Unequal Voice 147 Chapter 7. Unequal at the Starting Line: The Intergenerational Persistence of Political Inequality with Nancy Burns 177 Chapter 8. Political Participation over the Life Cycle with Jennifer Erkulwater 199 Chapter 9. Political Activism and Electoral Democracy: Perspectives on Economic Inequality and Political Polarization 232 PART III: Inequality of Political Voice and Organized Interest Activity Chapter 10. Political Voice through Organized Interests: Introductory Matters 265 Chapter 11. Who Sings in the Heavenly Chorus? Th e Shape of the Organized Interest System with Traci Burch and Philip Edward Jones 312 Chapter 12. The Changing Pressure Community 347 Chapter 13. Beyond Organizational Categories 370 Chapter 14. Political Voice through Organized Interest Activity with Philip Edward Jones and Traci Burch 393 PART IV: Can We Change the Accent of the Unheavenly Chorus? Chapter 15. Breaking the Pattern through Political Recruitment 447 Chapter 16. Weapon of the Strong? Participatory Inequality and the Internet 483 Chapter 17. What, if Anything, Is to Be Done? with Shauna Shames 534 Chapter 18. Conclusion: Equal Voice and the Promise of American Democracy 574 Appendixes Appendix A: Equality and the State and U.S. Constitutions 605 Appendix B: The Persistence of Political and Nonpolitical Activity 608 Appendix C: The Intergenerational Transmission of Political Participation 616 Appendix D: Age, Period, and Cohort Effects 619 Appendix E: The Washington Representatives Database 621 Appendix F: Additional Tables 645 Appendix G: Do Online and Offline Political Activists Differ from One Another? 649 Index 655