Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Music recommendation and discovery in the long tail

Music consumption is biased towards a few popular artists. For instance, in 2007 only 1% of all digital tracks accounted for 80% of all sales. Similarly, 1,000 albums accounted for 50% of all album sales, and 80% of all albums sold were purchased less than 100 times. There is a need to assist people to filter, discover, personalise and recommend from the huge amount of music content available along the Long Tail. Current music recommendation algorithms try to accurately predict what people demand to listen to. However, quite often these algorithms tend to recommend popular —or well–known to the user— music, decreasing the effectiveness of the recommendations. These approaches focus on improving the accuracy of the recommendations. That is, try to make accurate predictions about what a user could listen to, or buy next, independently of how useful to the user could be the provided recommendations. In this Thesis we stress the importance of the user’s perceived quality of the recommendations. We model the Long Tail curve of artist popularity to predict —potentially— interesting and unknown music, hidden in the tail of the popularity curve. Effective recommendation systems should promote novel and relevant material (non–obvious recommendations), taken primarily from the tail of a popularity distribution. The main contributions of this Thesis are: (i) a novel network–based approach for recommender systems, based on the analysis of the item (or user) similarity graph, and the popularity of the items, (ii) a user–centric evaluation that measures the user’s relevance and novelty of the recommendations, and (iii) two prototype systems that implement the ideas derived from the theoretical work. Our findings have significant implications for recommender systems that assist users to explore the Long Tail, digging for content they might like.
The zinc and copper content of seeds and nuts

Extract: The zinc and copper content of various seeds and nuts were determined by wet digestion and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. These foods were found to contain high concentrations of both zinc and copper. Seeds and nuts can provide a considerable portion of the RDA for both zinc and copper, and this emphasizes the nutritional value of such foods. In particular, their inclusion in the diet of vegetarians is important for adequate zinc and copper nutriture.
Clubes de Programação com Scratch nas Escolas e a Interdisciplinaridade

This work is the result of a study with elementary school students who attended the Code Club conducted in Palotina-PR, whose main goal is to contribute to the development of the logical reasoning and computational thinking of the students in an interdisciplinary way. This study, in what concerns interdisplinarity, incited on three distinct disciplines: Math, History and Geography. One of the performed activities, in the context of History and Geography, focused mainly in providing the students with a reflection on the history of Brazil’s discovery. As a result, students developed a game by means of the Scratch programming environment which simulated the discoveries. In this game, additionally to the History and Geography contents, it was also needed the application of Math concepts which are essential to game and animation development. Given this study, it can be observed that the Scratch environment is a tool with great educational potential in Basic Education, enabling the creation of programs involving various areas of knowledge in an interdisciplinary and contextualized way. Resumo. Este trabalho é o resultado de um estudo com alunos do ensino fundamental participantes do clube de programação realizado na cidade de PalotinaPR, cujo objetivo principal é contribuir para o desenvolvimento do raciocı́nio lógico e do pensamento computacional dos discentes de forma interdisciplinar. O referido estudo, no âmbito interdisciplinar, incidiu sobre três disciplinas distintas: Matemática, História e Geografia. Uma das atividades desenvolvidas, no contexto de História e Geografia, teve como foco principal propiciar aos alunos uma reflexão crı́tica acerca da história do descobrimento do Brasil. Para o feito, os alunos desenvolveram um jogo no ambiente de programação Scratch que simulava o descobrimento do Brasil. Nesse jogo, além dos conteúdos de História e Geografia, foram necessários também conhecimentos de Matemática, essenciais para o desenvolvimento de jogos e animações no Scratch. Tendo como base o estudo realizado, observa-se que o ambiente Scratch é uma ferramenta com grande potencial educativo na Educação Básica que permite a criação de programas envolvendo várias áreas do saber de forma interdisciplinar e contextualizada.
Quantification of known and unknown terpenoid organosulfates in PM10 using untargeted LC–HRMS/MS: contrasting summertime rural Germany and the North China Plain

Environmental contextSecondary organic aerosols account for a major fraction of atmospheric particulate matter, affecting both climate and human health. Organosulfates, abundant compounds in organic aerosols, are difficult to measure because of the lack of authentic standards. Here we quantify terpene-derived organosulfates in atmospheric particulate matter at a rural site in Germany and at the North China Plain using a combined target/non-target high-resolution mass spectrometry approach. AbstractOrganosulfates (OSs) are a ubiquitous class of compounds in atmospheric aerosol particles. However, a detailed quantification of OSs is commonly hampered because of missing authentic standards and the abundance of unknown OSs. Using a combined targeted and untargeted approach of high-resolution liquid chromatography–Orbitrap mass spectrometry (LC–Orbitrap MS), we quantified for the first time the total concentrations of known and unknown monoterpene (MT) and sesquiterpene (SQT) OSs in summertime PM10 particulate matter from field studies in rural Germany (MEL) and the North China Plain (NCP). At each site, we observed more than 50 MT-OSs, 13 of which were detectable at both sites. For both locations, median concentrations of MT-OSs were in the range of 10 to 40ngm−3, to which the 13 common MT-OSs contributed on average >50%. The main contributor to MT-OSs was C9H16O7S (MT-OS 267) with average mass concentrations of 2.23 and 6.38ngm−3 for MEL and NCP respectively. The concentrations of MT-OSs correlated with the concentrations of MT oxidation products only for MEL. For NCP, the low concentrations of MT oxidation products (i.e. typically <1ngm−3) suggested a suppression of carboxylic acid formation under high concentrations of NOx and particulate sulfate. Furthermore, we observed 17 SQT-OSs for the MEL samples, whereas 40 SQT-OSs were detected in the NCP samples. Only five of these SQT-OSs were detectable at both sites. Correspondingly, the total concentrations of SQT-OSs were larger for NCP than for MEL, which suggested large differences in the particle chemistry. In particular, aerosol acidity was found to be a key factor during SQT-OS formation, and was probably not sufficient in the PM10 from MEL.
Measuring the influence of map label density on perceived complexity: a user study using eye tracking

ABSTRACT We combine eye tracking and a questionnaire-based approach to explore the influence of label density on the perceived visual complexity of maps. We design two experiments in which participants are asked to search for the names of point features on maps and to rate the map complexity and legibility for different label densities. Specifically, we conduct a highly controlled experiment in which all the map variables except the label density are held constant (the controlled experiment). Then, we conduct a second experiment following the same protocol but using real maps as visual stimuli (the real-map experiment) to verify if the results of the controlled experiment were applicable to real maps. The results of both experiments indicate a significantly positive correlation between perceived visual complexity and label density and between the response time in visual search tasks and label density. Surprisingly, we observe a significant inverse correlation between the label density and two eye movement parameters (fixation duration and fixation frequency) between the two experiments. We discuss how the variables of real maps might have affected these eye movement parameters and why the results of the two experiments are inconsistent. Our findings suggest that eye tracking parameters are not reliable indicators of map complexity. These empirical results can be helpful to future map design and map complexity investigation.
Electrocatalytic Reduction of Gaseous CO2 to CO on Sn/Cu‐Nanofiber‐Based Gas Diffusion Electrodes

Earth‐abundant Sn/Cu catalysts are highly selective for the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO in aqueous electrolytes. However, CO2 mass transport limitations, resulting from the low solubility of CO2 in water, so far limit the CO partial current density for Sn/Cu catalysts to about 10 mA cm−2. Here, a freestanding gas diffusion electrode design based on Sn‐decorated Cu‐coated electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers is demonstrated. The use of gaseous CO2 as a feedstock alleviates mass transport limitations, resulting in high CO partial current densities above 100 mA cm−2, while maintaining high CO faradaic efficiencies above 80%. These results represent an important step toward an economically viable pathway to CO2 reduction.
Health Risk Assessment of Inorganic Arsenic Through Groundwater Drinking Pathway in some Agricultural Districts of Hamedan, West of Iran

Groundwater resources are an important portion of potable water in Hamedan Province, Iran. Therefore, monitoring the pollutants especially heavy metals in these resources are vital to protect the residents’ health. This study aimed to assess the health risks caused by inorganic arsenic pollution through groundwater drinking pathway in four important agricultural areas of Hamedan Province, Iran. In so doing, a total of 180 groundwater wells were chosen randomly for sampling during the spring and summer seasons in 2015. The samples were filtered (0.45 μm), preserved with HNO3 at a pH level lower than 2, and stored in acid-washed polyethylene bottles at 4°C for further analysis. Finally, arsenic content was determined using inductively coupled plasma- optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The results showed that the mean contents of arsenic (mg/L) in groundwater samples taken during the spring were 0.052 for Asadabad plain, 0.007 for Ghahavand plain, 0.006 for Razan plain, and 0.004 for Toyserkan Plain; whereas, the mean content in groundwater samples taken during the summer from Asadabad, Ghahavand, Razan, and Toyserkan plains were 0.058, 0.009, 0.007, and 0.004, respectively. Moreover, based on the computed values of the noncarcinogenic risk of groundwater samples from Asadabad plain, the hazard quotient (HQ) was greater than 1. Therefore, a non-carcinogenic effect is considered to be possible for the inhabitants of this study area. Accordingly, serious considerations including managing the use of agricultural inputs especially arsenical pesticides or herbicides and treatment of arsenic-contaminated groundwater with some proper methods before water ingestion are recommended.
Measuring light absorption by freshly emitted organic aerosols: optical artifacts in traditional solvent-extraction-based methods

Abstract. Recent studies have shown that organic aerosol (OA) could have a nontrivial role in atmospheric light absorption at shorter visible wavelengths. Good estimates of OA light absorption are therefore necessary to better estimate radiative forcing due to these aerosols in climate models. One of the common techniques used to measure OA light absorption is the solvent extraction technique from filter samples which involves the use of a spectrophotometer to measure bulk absorbance by the solvent-soluble organic fraction of particulate matter. Measured solvent-phase absorbance is subsequently converted to particle-phase absorption coefficient using scaling factors. The conventional view is to apply a correction factor of 2 to absorption coefficients obtained from solvent-extracted OA based on Mie calculations. The appropriate scaling factors are a function of biases due to incomplete extraction of organic carbon (OC) by solvents and size-dependent absorption properties of OA. The range for these biases along with their potential dependence on burn conditions is an unexplored area of research. Here, we performed a comprehensive laboratory study involving three solvents (water, methanol, and acetone) to investigate the bias in absorption coefficients obtained from solvent-extraction-based photometry techniques as compared to in situ particle-phase absorption for freshly emitted OA from biomass burning. We correlated the bias with OC∕TC (total carbon) mass ratio and single scattering albedo (SSA) and observed that the conventionally used correction factor of 2 for water and methanol-extracted OA might not be extensible to all systems, and we suggest caution while using such correction factors to estimate particle-phase OA absorption coefficients. Furthermore, a linear correlation between SSA and the OC∕TC ratio was also established. Finally, from the spectroscopic data, we analyzed the differences in absorption Ångström exponents (AÅE) obtained from solution- and particulate-phase measurements. We noted that AÅE from solvent-phase measurements could deviate significantly from their OA counterparts.
Improvements in the registration of multimodal medical imaging: application to intensity inhomogeneity and partial volume corrections

Alignment or registration of medical images has a relevant role on clinical diagnostic and treatment decisions as well as in research settings. With the advent of new technologies for multimodal imaging, robust registration of functional and anatomical information is still a challenge, particular in small-animal imaging given the lesser structural content of certain anatomical parts, such as the brain, than in humans. Besides, patient-dependent and acquisition artefacts affecting the images information content further complicate registration, as is the case of intensity inhomogeneities (IIH) showing in MRI and the partial volume effect (PVE) attached to PET imaging. Reference methods exist for accurate image registration but their performance is severely deteriorated in situations involving little images Overlap. While several approaches to IIH and PVE correction exist these methods still do not guarantee or rely on robust registration. This Thesis focuses on overcoming current limitations af registration to enable novel IIH and PVE correction methods.
A Novel Antibody Detection Technique Using the Agglutination of Surface Displaying Yeasts

Blood screening for disease in the developing world remains an enormous challenge despite significant advances in modern biotechnology. Simple, affordable, and easily deployed tools for antibody detection in blood and other fluids are still desperately needed. A simple yeast-based agglutination assay that requires no electricity, no sophisticated equipment, and minimal training is described here, using established methods for displaying stable fusion proteins on the surface of S cerevisiae. Strains displaying peptides with known binding regions for generic human immunoglobulin G antibodies, and for specific human antibodies against T. cruzi (the causative agent for Chagas’ disease) and dengue virus were created and grown. The cells displaying disease epitopes were mixed with the samples positive for the disease antibodies, and have been shown to capture the specific antibodies to their surfaces. After washing, the coated cells were mixed with cells displaying the Z domain derived from S. aureus, which binds to the Fc region of the captured antibodies, linking the cell types together. The links formed between the cell types cause the cells to agglutinate, resulting in positive and negative signals that are easily distinguishable to the naked eye. Factors affecting the agglutination, including ionic strength, cell mass, the geometry of the well, and proper growth conditions were studied to produce a working protocol for the assay. The key strengths of the assay: simplicity, stability, modularity, low cost, iii low technical requirement, and broad familiarity with similar tests, give it promising potential to be a new alternative to current industry methods.
Utility of Sulfobutyl Ether beta-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes in Drug Delivery: A Review

The potential of beta-cyclodextrins as a pharmaceutical aid has been established through several decades of research. However, some beta-cyclodextrins are reported to be toxic causing deleterious effects on long term usage. In the recent past, sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin, a modified beta-cyclodextrin has captured interest as a comparatively safer and effective beta-cyclodextrin for increasing the solubility and the bioavailability of biopharmaceutical classification system class II drugs. Sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin has demonstrated immense potential in addressing solubility and stability issues associated with formulation of drugs. Till date no comprehensive report on their utility in drug development has been published. Hence, this review focusses on the structure, properties, preparation techniques and applications of sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes. Investigation of the feasibility of forming stable inclusion complexes of sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin and various drugs as guest molecules using molecular modelling techniques have been elaborated in the review. Incorporation of sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin complexes into novel drug delivery systems (liposomes and nanoformulations) have been summarized along with various methods of preparation and the clinical safety. Molecular modelling approach discussed in this review, coupled with wet-lab validation of the complexes, will enable a faster transit of the delivery systems into the clinical setting.
Simultaneous biological nitrogen removal and electrochemical phosphorus recovery from municipal wastewater

I TABLE OF CONTENTS . IV LIST OF FIGURES . VII LIST OF TABLES . IX GLOSSARY OF TERMS . X 1 BACKGROUND . 1 1.1 NITROGEN REMOVAL FROM MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER . 1 Nitrification/Denitrification . 2 1.1.1 Nitritation/Denitritation . 6 1.1.2 Completely Autotrophic Nitrogen Removal . 9 1.1. 3 1.2 PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL AND RECOVERY FROM MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER . 12 Phosphorus Removal . 13 1.2.1 Phosphorus recovery . 17 1.2.2 2 OBJECTIVES AND RESEARCH STRATEGY . 22 2.1 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM . 22 2.2 MAIN OBJECTIVE . 23 2.3 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES AND STRUCTURE OF THE PROJECT . 25 3 EASY STRUVITE RECOVERY. 28 3.
Towards Attaining Reliable and Efficient Green Cloud Computing Using Micro-Smart Grids to Power Internet Data Center

Energy generation and consumption are the main aspects of social life due to the fact that modern people’s necessity for energy is a crucial ingredient for existence. Therefore, energy efficiency is regarded as the best economical approach to provide safer and affordable energy for both utilities and consumers, through the enhancement of energy security and reduction of energy emissions. One of the problems of cloud computing service providers is the high rise in the cost of energy, efficiency together with carbon emission with regards to the running of their internet data centres (IDCs). In order to mitigate these issues, smart micro-grid was found to be suitable in increasing the energy efficiency, sustainability together with the reliability of electrical services for the IDCs. Therefore, this paper presents idea on how smart micro-grids can bring down the disturbing cost of energy, carbon emission by the IDCs with some level of energy efficiency all in an effort to attain green cloud computing services from the service providers. In specific term, we aim at achieving green information and communication technology (ICT) in the field of cloud computing in relations to energy efficiency, cost-effectiveness and carbon emission reduction from cloud data center’s perspective.
REAL TIME DATA STREAM AGGREGATION AND WINDOWING

Now a Days Real time data analysis and Real time data processing is in demand and its demand is getting increase day by day, as we know Real time data processing is the continuous data stream processing and the data stream could be flow in rate of millions data points per seconds. This real time data stream information which will be further used for various purposes, it could be for commercial use or for scientific use . while processing the real time data stream proper methodologies with good approximations have to be used for stream data preparation and aggregation . In my survey I have provided the study about data stream aggregation techniques and their characteristics to improve the performance. Here we would discuss the way of stream aggregation and time based grouping (Windowing) using suitable techniques, the important thing in data stream aggregation is to aggregate right set of data and for using windowing of stream for aggregation, Here we would discuss different windowing techniques.
Effect of inorganic nitrogen sources with foliar application of Zn and B on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivated in alluvial soil.

Feeding millions of poor people depend on wheat for both diet and livelihood, two field experiments were carried out at Abo-Zaher, Sherbin, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt during the two successive winter seasons of 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 under alluvial soil conditions. Different sources of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers at recommended dose including urea (U), ammonium nitrate (AN), ammonium sulfate (AS) and calcium nitrate (CN) were applied to soil with foliar application of zinc (Zn) and/or boron (B). Several parameters of yield and yield components were recorded including vegetative growth, grain yield, total N, P and K content in grain and straw, total Zn and B content in grain and straw as well as quality parameters in grain and straw of wheat plant. The experiments were conducted in split plot design which consisted of the main plot (inorganic sources of nitrogen including U, AN, AS and CN as well as control) and sub plots (four treatments of micronutrient compounds including control, Zn, B, and Zn + B). The results revealed that Zn and/or B as foliar application of wheat plant under different sources of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers cause highly significant increases in all studied parameters of wheat grain and straw yields. Most of these parameters gave the highest values treated with ammonium sulfate as a soil application followed by urea. Foliar application of Zn or B as an individual effect caused high significantly increases for all studied parameters of wheat grain and straw in compared with the control (untreated). Combine foliar application of zinc + boron gave the highest values of all studied parameters of wheat grain and straw followed by individual Zn foliar application. Foliar application of Zn +B in addition to ammonium sulfate or urea results recorded the uppermost all studied parameters of wheat grain and straw. Therefore, it could be recommended that, under these experimental conditions, foliar application of both Zn and B in addition to ammonium sulfate followed by urea as soil application at recommended dose for wheat recorded the uppermost of vegetative growth (plant height and tillering height), yield components (weight of 100 grain and grain yield), N, P and K content in grain and straw, Zn and B content in grain and straw, chlorophyll a, b, protein content in grain and straw of wheat plant.