Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low temperature magnetoresistance and the magnetic phase diagram of La1-xCaxMnO3.

The complete phase diagram of a ``colossal'' magnetoresistance material ( ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{x}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$) was obtained for the first time through magnetization and resistivity measurements over a broad range of temperatures and concentrations. Near $x\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0.50$, the ground state changes from a ferromagnetic (FM) conductor to an antiferromagnetic (AFM) insulator, leading to a strongly first order AFM transition with supercooling of $\ensuremath{\sim}30%$ ${T}_{N}$ at $x\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0.50$. An unexpectedly large magnetoresistance is seen at low temperatures in the FM phase, and is largely attributed to unusual domain wall scattering.
Multiple Classes of Antiviral Agents Exhibit In Vitro Activity against Human Rhinovirus Type C

ABSTRACT Human rhinovirus type C (HRV-C) is a newly discovered enterovirus species frequently associated with exacerbation of asthma and other acute respiratory conditions. Until recently, HRV-C could not be propagated in vitro, hampering in-depth characterization of the virus replication cycle and preventing efficient testing of antiviral agents. Herein we describe several subgenomic RNA replicon systems and a cell culture infectious model for HRV-C that can be used for antiviral screening. The replicon constructs consist of genome sequences from HRVc15, HRVc11, HRVc24, and HRVc25 strains, with the P1 capsid region replaced by a Renilla luciferase coding sequence. Following transfection of the replicon RNA into HeLa cells, the constructs produced time-dependent increases in luciferase signal that can be inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by known inhibitors of HRV replication, including the 3C protease inhibitor rupintrivir, the nucleoside analog inhibitor MK-0608, and the phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIβ (PI4K-IIIβ) kinase inhibitor PIK93. Furthermore, with the exception of pleconaril and pirodavir, the other tested classes of HRV inhibitors blocked the replication of full-length HRVc15 and HRVc11 in human airway epithelial cells (HAEs) that were differentiated in the air-liquid interface, exhibiting antiviral activities similar to those observed with HRV-16. In summary, this study is the first comprehensive profiling of multiple classes of antivirals against HRV-C, and the set of newly developed quantitative HRV-C antiviral assays represent indispensable tools for the identification and evaluation of novel panserotype HRV inhibitors.
Pharmacological Characterization of Glycine-Activated Currents in HEK 293 Cells Expressing N-Methyl-D-aspartate NR1 and NR3 Subunits

N-Methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are important targets for drugs of abuse such as ethanol, toluene, and ketamine. Ligand-gated ion channels assembled from the NR1 and NR3 subunits have functional and pharmacological properties that are distinct from those of conventional NMDA receptors containing NR2 subunits. In the present study we used voltage-clamp electrophysiology to characterize excitatory glycine-activated receptors assembled from NR1, NR3A, and NR3B subunits expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. These glycine-activated receptors were not stimulated by glutamate or kainic acid and were resistant to magnesium block. A wide variety of NMDA receptor antagonists including d-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid, ifenprodil, memantine, (5R,10S)-(+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclo-hepten-5,10-imine hydrogen maleate (MK-801) or acamprosate did not inhibit glycine-activated NR1/NR3A/NR3B receptors. Likewise, these receptors were not affected by antagonists of inhibitory glycine receptors or glycine transporters. The NMDA receptor glycine site agonist, d-serine, partially activated NR1/NR3A/NR3B receptors, whereas the antagonist, 5,7-dichloro-kynurenic acid, inhibited receptor currents. Conversely, the antagonist, 7-chlorokynurenic acid, and the partial agonist, R-(+)-3-amino-1-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinone (HA-966), potentiated glycine-stimulated currents of these receptors. NR1/NR3A/NR3B receptor currents were inhibited by 10 to 21% by ethanol and toluene but were relatively insensitive to ketamine. Ethanol inhibition was enhanced in receptors expressing the NR1(L819A) mutant, whereas those containing NR1(F639A) or NR1(M813A) showed no change relative to the wild-type NR1. The results of this study indicate that coexpression of NR1, NR3A, and NR3B subunits in HEK 293 cells results in glycineactivated receptors with novel functional and pharmacological properties.
Empirical formula for optical absorption by fractal aerosol agglomerates.

An empirical formula for calculating the optical absorption of fractal aerosol agglomerates over a broad frequency range is derived based on extensive calculations made on five smoke agglomerates having a widely varying number of particles ranging from 12 to 372 and an almost constant fractal dimension in the 1.7-1.9 range. The expansion coefficients in the empirical formula were determined by least-squares curve fiting of numerical data obtained using the volume integral equation formulation (VIEF). (1) The formula satisfies the frequency dependence of the absorption at lower frequencies and up to the resonance frequency of the agglomerate. Expressions for the resonance frequency (f(0)), as well as the constant coefficients in the empiricial formula, are derived in terms of the structural dimensions, number and size of the primary particles, and the complex permittivity of the aerosol agglomerate. Numerical results obtained from the empirical formula are generally in good agreement with those calculated by the VIEF for soot particles with a magnitude of complex permittivity |epsilon*| in the 1-7 range. The average error in the absorption calculation is <5%. The formula thus provides a simple and inexpensive method for calculating the optical absorption of aerosol agglomerates, which otherwise require complicated and expensive methods of calculation. This formula also facilitates the implementation of the accurate VIEF results in large climate codes such as the general circulation model.
Assessment of mycorrhizal colonisation and soil nutrients in unmanaged fire-impacted soils from two target restoration sites

The mycorrhizal colonisation of plants grown in unmanaged soils from two restoration sites with a fire history in Northern Portugal was evaluated from the perspective of supporting restoration programmes. To promote restoration of original tree stands, Quercus ilex L. and Pinus pinaster Ait. were used as target species on two sites, denoted Site 1 and 2 respectively. The aim of the study was to assess whether mycorrhizal propagules that survived fire episodes could serve as in situ inoculum sources, and to analyse the spatial distribution of soil nutrients and mycorrhizal parameters. In a laboratory bioassay, P. pinaster and Q. ilex seedlings were grown on soils from the target sites and root colonisation by ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi was determined. The ECM root colonisation levels found indicated that soil from Site 2 contained sufficient ECM propagules to serve as a primary source of inoculum for P. pinaster. The low levels of ECM and AM colonisation obtained on the roots of plants grown in soil from Site 1 indicated that the existing mycorrhizal propagules might be insufficient for effective root colonisation of Q. ilex. Different ECM morphotypes were found in plants grown in soil from the two sites. At Site 2 mycorrhizal parameters were found to be spatially structured, with signif icant differences in ECM colonisation and soil P concentrations between regions of either side of an existing watercourse. The spatial distribution of mycorrhizal propagules was related to edaphic parameters (total C and extractable P), and correlations between soil nutrients and mycorrhizal parameters were found. Additional key words: arbuscular mycorrhiza, ectomycorrhiza, Pinus pinaster, post fire, Quercus ilex, spatial variation, soil restoration.
Edible Insects in a Food Safety and Nutritional Perspective: A Critical Review

Increasing world population worsens the serious problem of food security in developing countries. On the other hand in industrialized countries, where the problem of food security is of minor concern, health problems related to food refer to 2 main factors: food safety and environmental sustainability of food production. For these reasons, new ways must be found to increase yields while preserving food quality, natural habitats, and biodiversity. Insects could be of great interest as a possible solution due to their capability to satisfy 2 different requirements: (i) they are an important source of protein and other nutrients; (ii) their use as food has ecological advantages over conventional meat and, in the long run, economic benefits. However, little is known on the food safety side and this can be of critical importance to meet society's approval, especially if people are not accustomed to eating insects. This paper aims to collect information in order to evaluate how insects could be safely used as food and to discuss nutritional data to justify why insect food sources can no longer be neglected. Legislative issues will also be discussed.
Control characteristics of a neuromuscular system in reaching movements

The purpose of this study is to examine a control mechanism of a neuromuscular system and to investigate its control characteristics in reaching movements. Here, a control mechanism for achieving antagonistic behavior between muscles is newly incorporated into a neuromuscular system. In addition, a performance criterion is defined from physiological viewpoints and a procedure for producing optimal trajectories is mathematically formulated. The human arm trajectories produced under various movement conditions are compared with ones observed in experiments and significant features of a proposed neuromuscular system are evaluated. Finally, characteristics of a neuromuscular system are investigated according to the results of computer simulations.
Einfluss von Übergewicht und Adipositas auf die Lungenfunktion bei Einschulkindern

Asthma ist die haufigste chron. Krankheit bei Kindern. Die Untersuchung an Lernanfangern sollte die Auswirkungen von Ubergewicht und Adipositas auf die Lungenfunktion evaluieren. Bei 242 Jungen und 276 Madchen wurden die Korpermase und Lungenfunktionswerte erhoben. Verwendet wurden die forcierte Spirometrie und die Impulsoszillometrie. Uberpruft wurden die Abhangigkeiten der ermittelten Parameter von den Referenzwerten fur diese Altersgruppe. Es ergab sich keine Korrelation des BMI zur Grose und zum Alter. FVC und FEV1 stimmten mit den Referenzwerten uberein. PEF sowie \(MEF_{75, 50, 25}\) zeigten dagegen deutliche Abweichungen von den Normwerten. Auch wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen Gewicht und Lungenfunktionswerten untersucht. Eine Abhangigkeit der Werte vom BMI fand sich nicht. Ubergewicht scheint zu keinen Schaden der Lunge zu fuhren. Masnahmen zur Adipositasbehandlung haben positive Effekte auf die Asthmapravention, eine Herausforderung fur die Gesundheitsforderung im Schulbereich.
Conservative interventions for treating distal radial fractures in adults.

BACKGROUND Fracture of the distal radius is a common clinical problem particularly in elderly white women with osteoporosis. OBJECTIVES To determine the most appropriate conservative treatment for fractures of the distal radius in adults. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Injuries Group specialised register (January 2002), the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (The Cochrane Library, Issue 4, 2001), MEDLINE (1966 to January 2002), EMBASE (1988 to 2002 Week 04), CINAHL (1982 to December Week 2 2001), the National Research Register (up to Issue 4, 2001) and reference lists of articles. No language restrictions were applied. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised or quasi-randomised clinical trials involving skeletally mature patients with a fracture of the distal radius, which compared commonly applied conservative interventions for fracture fixation. These included the application of an external support (plaster cast or brace) and fracture manipulation. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS All trials, judged as fitting the selection criteria by both reviewers, were independently assessed by both reviewers for methodological quality. Data were extracted for anatomical, functional and clinical, including complications, outcomes. The trials were grouped into categories relating to cast position, extent and duration of immobilisation, use of braces, cast material and fracture manipulation. Although quantitative data from some trials are presented, the lack of good quality trials and trial heterogeneity inhibited pooling of results. MAIN RESULTS Two trials were newly included in this update. In all, there are 33 trials, involving a total of 3664 mainly female and older patients, meeting the inclusion criteria for this review. Comprehensive details of the individual trials are provided in tabular form, and their results, grouped as indicated above, have been presented in text and analyses tables. The poor quality and heterogeneity in terms of patient characteristics, interventions compared and outcome measurement, of the included trials meant that no meta-analyses were undertaken. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS There remains insufficient evidence from randomised trials to determine which methods of conservative treatment are the most appropriate for the more common types of distal radial fractures in adults. Therefore, at present, practitioners applying conservative management should use an accepted technique with which they are familiar, and which is cost-effective from the perspective of their provider unit. Patient preferences and circumstances, and the risk of complications should also be considered. Further research to clarify the most appropriate conservative treatment for this common fracture is warranted but requires careful preparation with an emphasis on undertaking a systematic approach. For this, it is important to reflect on the issues raised in this review, to ascertain patient preferences, prioritise researchable questions and agree a core data set for classification of fractures and outcomes.
INTRAVITREAL INJECTION OF BEVACIZUMAB FOR MACULAR EDEMA SECONDARY TO BRANCH RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION: Results After 12 Months and Multiple Regression Analysis

Purpose: To evaluate the 12-month follow-up results of intravitreal bevacizumab therapy for macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion and to identify the pretreatment factors that were associated with an improvement of the final visual outcome. Methods: Fifty eyes of 50 patients with macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion received an injection of 1.25 mg/0.05 mL bevacizumab. Additional injections were done when recurrence of macular edema occurred or the treatment was not effective. The best-corrected visual acuity and foveal thickness were measured. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were also performed. Results: The mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity improved significantly from 0.53 to 0.26, and the mean foveal thickness decreased significantly from 523 to 305 &mgr;m during the 12-month follow-up period. The mean number of injections was 2.0 (range, 1–4). Stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that younger patients had both better visual acuity at 12 months and greater improvement of visual acuity during 12 months. In addition, better pretreatment visual acuity was associated with better visual acuity at 12 months but with less improvement of the visual acuity. Conclusion: Intravitreal bevacizumab therapy can be a long-term effective treatment for macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion.
Inmersión de la virtualidad en la modalidad presencial: medición de la satisfacción del estudiante bajo criterios de clasificación de modelos de un ideal imaginario

El presente informe de investigacion da a conocer la pertinencia de las asignaturas virtuales y sus procesos de transformacion en los programas presenciales de la Universidad Manuela Beltran (UMB), desde el punto de vista de las percepciones de los estudiantes. La informacion se recolecta por medio de una encuesta en linea que permite diferenciar algunas variables inmersas en el proceso ensenanza-aprendizaje, valoradas bajo una escala de Likert. Estas variables miden el grado de satisfaccion que manifiestan los estudiantes frente a la interaccion en el aula virtual, teniendo en cuenta elementos del modelo pedagogico de la Universidad, tales como: materiales, recursos, contenidos, el rol del docente, estrategias pedagogicas y didacticas empleadas en los cursos. Su analisis se hace bajo un diseno cuantitativo centrado en identificar la correlacion y la correspondencia entre las variables involucradas y de esta manera determinar su incidencia en la satisfaccion de los estudiantes. Se inicia con un analisis descriptivo que arroja resultados que refuerzan lo encontrado en el diseno estadistico a partir de los cuales se proponen estrategias para cualificar el modelo b-learning propuesto, comenzar su rediseno, busqueda de recursos y materiales, fortalecimiento de las estrategias pedagogicas, la cualificacion y formacion de los docentes. PALABRAS CLAVE . E-learning; modalidad presencial; satisfaccion del estudiante. Doi:10.21703/rexe. Especial3_2018911018
Clinicopathological Study of the Idiopathic Macular Hole: Comparison of Epiretinal Membrane Peeling and Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling

The aim of this study was to identify the internal limiting membrane (ILM) and epiretinal membrane (ERM) harvested during macular hole surgery under light microscopy and electron microscopy and to evaluate the difference in specimen loss rate with and without the aid of indocyanine green (ICG) staining. Thirty-two consecutive patients (34 eyes) with stage 2–4 macular holes were included. ERM peeling (macular hole with ERM) or ILM peeling (macular hole without ERM), with or without the use of ICG, was used during macular hole surgery with vitrectomy. There were 26 specimens for pathology; 12 specimens (46%) were lost during processing. ICG staining did not reduce the specimen loss rate. The specimens harvested from intentional ILM peeling displayed a smooth, translucent ILM. The specimens harvested from ERM peeling showed moderate cellular proliferation abutting on the ILM, and all specimens had an ILM. The pathological findings confirmed the clinical observations in all the cases studied. The ILM appeared in all specimens harvested by ERM peeling during macular hole surgery. ICG staining does not alter the specimen loss rate during pathological processing.
Impact of skeletal complications on total medical care costs in prostate cancer patients with bone metastases.

6057 Background: Prostate cancer patients with bone metastases often experience skeletal-related events (SREs) including pathological fracture, spinal cord compression, or pain requiring surgery, radiotherapy, or opioid analgesics. Previous studies have estimated the costs of SREs by tallying costs for services specifically attributable to these events. This approach may underestimate costs if SREs have effects on other services. METHODS We used a large US health insurance claims database (7/94 - 6/02) to quantify impact of SREs on total medical care costs in patients with bone metastases of prostate cancer. Subjects included in this analysis had ≥2 encounters with a diagnosis of primary prostate cancer and ≥2 encounters with a diagnosis of metastases to bone. Expected total medical care costs were compared for propensity-matched samples of patients with SREs versus patients without SREs. SREs were identified based on the occurrence on or after the date of first diagnosis of bone metastases, of (1) ≥1 encounter with a diagnosis of pathological fracture or spinal cord compression, or (2) ≥1 bone surgery or radiotherapy procedure, or (3) initiation of opioid analgesic therapy. RESULTS We identified 542 prostate cancer patients with bone metastases, including 282 (52%) with ≥1 SRE. After matching, there were 181 patients each in the SRE and no-SRE groups with mean follow-up of 13 and 10 months respectively. In the SRE group, expected costs of care directly attributable to SREs were $9,783 per patient. Expected total medical-care costs were $20,484 greater in SRE patients ($59,522 vs $39,038 in the no-SRE group) Conclusions: The costs of SREs in patients with prostate cancer and bone metastases are substantial and potentially greater than previously estimated. Treatments which prevent SREs, such as the intravenous bisphosphonate zoledronic acid, may reduce these costs. [Table: see text].
Cloning, characterization, and expression in Escherichia coli of the genes encoding the cytochrome d oxidase complex from Azotobacter vinelandii

Azotobacter vinelandii is a free-living nitrogen-fixing bacterium that has one of the highest respiratory rates of all aerobic organisms. Based on various physiological studies, a d-type cytochrome has been postulated to be the terminal oxidase of a vigorously respiring but apparently uncoupled branch of the electron transport system in the membranes of this organism. We cloned and characterized the structural genes of the two subunits of this oxidase. The deduced amino acid sequences of both subunits of the A. vinelandii oxidase have extensive regions of homology with those of the two subunits of the Escherichia coli cytochrome d complex. Most notably, the histidine residues proposed to be the axial ligands for the b hemes of the E. coli oxidase and an 11-amino-acid stretch proposed to be part of the ubiquinone binding site are all conserved in subunit I of the A. vinelandii oxidase. The A. vinelandii cytochrome d was expressed in a spectrally and functionally active form in the membranes of E. coli, under the control of the lac or tac promoter. The spectral features of the A. vinelandii cytochrome d expressed in E. coli are very similar to those of the E. coli cytochrome d. The expressed oxidase was active as a quinol oxidase and could reconstitute an NADH to oxygen electron transport chain.
The Dimension of Ecocs for Multiclass Classification Problems

Several classification problems involve more than two classes. These problems are known as multiclass classification problems. One of the approaches to deal with multiclass problems is their decomposition into a set of binary problems. Recent work shows important advantages related with this approach. Several strategies have been proposed for this decomposition. The strategies most frequently used are All-vs-All, One-vs-All and Error Correction Output Codes (ECOC). ECOCs are based on binary words (codewords) and have been adapted to deal with multiclass problems. For such, they must comply with a number of specific constraints. Different dimensions may be adopted for the codewords for each number of classes in the problem. These dimensions grow exponentially with the number of classes present in a dataset. Two methods to choose the dimension of a ECOC, which assure a good trade-off between redundancy and error correction capacity, are proposed in this paper. The proposed methods are evaluated in a set of benchmark classification problems. Experimental results show that they are competitive with other multiclass decomposition methods.