Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Symbolic derivation and numeric computation of dyadic Green's functions using Mathematica

This paper presents a mathematical-software functional package that is capable of performing symbolic derivation and numeric computation of dyadic Green's functions for certain multilayered structures: a planar stratified multilayered medium, a spherical multilayered medium, a cylindrical multilayered medium, and a conducting rectangular waveguide with a multilayered dielectric load. The algorithms of this software package are based on the eigenfunction-expansion method. Using Mathematica/sup TM/, two packages were written to fulfill the aforementioned objectives. Upon completion of the software development, dyadic Green's functions for three-layered media were generated. A comparison of these outputs with published results showed good agreement. This demonstrated the applicability of the symbolic package. For the numeric package, the Green's dyadics for a particular three-layered spherical isotropic multilayered medium were generated as an illustration. These packages have been successfully implemented, and future derivation of dyadic Green's functions for these media may be performed.
Gender Classification Based on Integration of Multiple Classifiers Using Various Features of Facial and Neck Images

To reduce the rate of error in gender classification,we propose the use of an integration framework that uses conventional facial images along with neck images.First,images are separated into facial and neck regions,and features are extracted from monochrome,color,and edge images of both regions.Second,we use Support Vector Machines(SVMs) to classify the gender of each individual feature.Finally,we reclassify the gender by considering the six types of distances from the optimal separating hyperplane as a 6-dimensional vector.Experimental results show a 28.4% relative reduction in error over the performance baseline of the monochrome facial image approach,which until now had been considered to have the most accurate performance.
LDPC coding proposal for pulsed-OFDM modulation for WPAN systems using UWB communication in indoor propagation channels

In this paper, we describe a combined approach where low density parity check (LDPC) codes are used to reduce the complexity and power consumption of pulsed orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (pulsed-OFDM) ultra-wideband (UWB) systems. The proposed system will use LDPC codes to achieve higher code rates without using convolution encoding and puncturing thereby reducing the complexity and power consumption of pulsed-OFDM system. The LDPC-pulsed-OFDM system will achieve channel capacity with different code rates and will have good performance in different channel fading scenarios. The proposals from pulsed OFDM system is used where pulsed signals could spread the frequency spectrum of the OFDM signal. The performance of LDPC-pulsed-OFDM system for wireless personal area networks (WPAN) is analysed for different UWB indoor propagation channels (CM3 and CM4) provided by the IEEE 802.15. 3a Standard activity committee. To establish this, we present a design of LDPC-pulsed-OFDM system using the digital video broadcasting-satellite-second generation (DVB-S2) standard and provide the simulation results for the different code rates supported by LDPC codes.
Describing and Classifying Networked Information Resources

The need for effective directories of networked information resources becomes more critical as these resources—online library catalogs, file archives, online journal article repositories, and information servers—proliferate, and as demand grows for intelligent tools to navigate and use such information resources. The existing approaches are based primarily on print‐oriented directories, but print‐oriented directories will not scale to support the future services that will help network users navigate tens of thousands of resources. The paper first explores the “user” perspective in various usage scenarios for employing a database of descriptive information to navigate or access networked information resources. It then considers specific data elements that will be required in a description of these networked information resources. Classification of networked information resources will ultimately rely on large‐scale prototypes, coupled with a new generation of advanced information‐seeking tools, and within t.
A suggestion for low-power current-sensing complementary pass-transistor logic interconnection

In this paper, a new circuit interconnection scheme of the low-power current-sensing complementary pass-transistor logic (LCSCPTL) is proposed and analyzed. The proposed new circuit scheme using full-swing and non-full-swing output signals to control the NMOS pass transistor logic tree network. Due to the non-full-swing outputs and the current-sensing scheme, the new logic circuit scheme can improve the power dissipation and operation speed. The non-full-swing LCSCPTL is applied to the design of the parallel multiplier. The 4-2 compressors and the conditional carry selection scheme are used in this design to achieve regular layout and improve the operation speed. Moreover, the 1.2 V 8/spl times/8-bit parallel multiplier can be fabricated without changing the conventional 5 V CMOS process. The operation speed of the parallel multiplier is 32 ns for 1.2 V supply voltage.
An object‐oriented representation for musical pattern definition

Abstract Pattern definition is a fundamental component of music composition. Musical patterns may exist at any level of a composition, from transitory surface phenomena to deep structural organization. A pattern may be defined for a single sound attribute such as frequency, or it may relate multiple sound attributes (such as frequency, rhythm and amplitude) in parallel. This paper describes the implementation of item streams, an object‐oriented representation of musical patterns that is capable of controlling any number of sound attributes simultaneously. The facility predefines a number of ready‐to‐use pattern types, from simple sorts of serial orderings to more complex random selection and networking strategies. Because of its object‐oriented design, item streams are easily extended to include new patterns, functionality and relationships between sound variables. As a rule, all patterns permit each element of data or pattern control information to be a basic value or another pattern. Hybrid patterns are.
Robust H/sup /spl infin// controller design for linear time-varying uncertain systems with delayed state and control

This paper focuses on the analysis and synthesis of robust H/sup /spl infin// control for linear time-varying uncertain dynamic systems with delayed state and control. Two methods are given for robust H/sup /spl infin// controller synthesis: one is to construct the robust H/sup /spl infin// controller by an equivalent linear time-invariant structural description for the sufficient conditions; and the other method is to transform the sufficient conditions into an linear matrix inequality problem and thus no tuning of the parameters is needed to obtain a robust H/sup /spl infin// controller.
The comparative analysis of English and Lithuanian transport terms and some methods of developing effective science writing strategies by non‐native speakers of English

Abstract The paper addresses the problem of developing more effective strategies and skills of writing scientific and technical texts by non‐native speakers of English. The causes of poor writing are identified and general guidelines for developing effective science writing strategies are outlined. The analysis of difficulties faced by non‐native speakers of English in writing research papers is made by examining transport terms and international words which are based on different nomination principles in English and Lithuanian. Case study of various names given to a small vehicle used for passenger transportation in many countries is provided, illustrating the alternative ways of naming the same object of reality in different languages. The analysis is based on the theory of linguistic relativity. Differences in the use of similar international terms in English and Lithuanian, which often cause errors and misunderstanding, are also demonstrated. The recommendations helping non‐native speakers of English .
New structured light encoding method for range-data acquisition

The encoding method has a considerable influence on the resolution, speed, and robustness of structured light measurement systems. A synthetic encoding method based on spatial and temporal encodings is presented. The method can achieve a spatial resolution of 231 codewords with only five projected images, which would require many more images if other binary codes were employed. The encoding and decoding processes are given, and experimental results verify the robustness and the reliability of the method. It is concluded that the combination of spatial and temporal information can further improve the efficiency of the encoding and make it more flexible in different applications of 3-D object profile measurement.
A stronger Bertrand’s postulate with an application to partitions

In this paper we give a stronger form of Bertrand's postulate and use it to prove that every positive integer, except 1, 2, 4, 6, and 9, can be written as the sum of distinct odd primes. Introduction. The purpose of this paper is to derive, in an elementary manner, a stronger form of Bertrand's postulate and to use this stronger form to prove the following: THEOREM. Every positive integer, except 1, 2, 4, 6, and 9 can be written as the sum of distinct odd primes. 1. The stronger form. Bertrand's postulate states that if pn is the nth prime then pn+1 2. In fact, we note that one can adapt the proof to show that for any positive integer k, there exists a positive integer M such that p,+, M. The result we need is this: LEMMA. Pn+1 6. PROOF. We will sketch the proof by indicating the necessary modifications in the proof which appears in [2] and we will use the same notation as [2]. To begin with, assume there is some integer n> 1000 such that there is no prime q satisfying n<q<2n-10. For the binomial coefficient N= (2n-10) and any prime p, o 2n ( ] [] n;ml]) where kD is defined to be the largest power of p which divides N. For Received by the editors May 24, 1971. AMS 1970 subject classifications. Primary IOJI5.
DERIVATIVE-FREE OPTIMIZATION OF NOISY FUNCTIONS

Derivative-free optimization (DFO) problems with noisy functions are increasingly prevalent. In this thesis, we propose two algorithms for noisy DFO, as well as termination criteria for general DFO algorithms. Both proposed algorithms are based on the methods of Conn, Scheinberg, and Vicente [9] which use regression models in a trust region framework. The first algorithm utilizes weighted regression to obtain more accurate model functions at each trust region iteration. A weighting scheme is proposed which simultaneously handles differing levels of uncertainty in function evaluations and errors induced by poor model fidelity. To prove convergence of this algorithm, we extend the theory of Λ-poisedness and strong Λ-poisedness to weighted regression. The second algorithm modifies the first for functions with stochastic noise. We prove our algorithm generates a subsequence of iterates which converge almost surely to a first-order stationary point, provided the number of successful steps is finite and the noise for each function evaluation is independent and identically normally distributed. Lastly, we address termination of DFO algorithms on functions with noise corrupted evaluations. If the function is computationally expensive, stopping well before traditional criteria (e.g., after a budget of function evaluations is exhausted) are satisfied can yield significant savings. Early termination is especially desirable when the function being optimized is noisy, and the solver proceeds for an extended period while only seeing changes which are insignificant relative to the noise in the function. We develop techniques for comparing the quality of termination tests, propose families of tests to be used on general DFO algorithms, and then compare
Accessibility is no alternative to alternatives

Linguistic constituents that encode salient information are often prosodically reduced. Recent studies have presented evidence that higher contextual accessibility of referents results in lower prosodic prominence. Accounts of reduction in terms of accessibility set out to explain a range of phenomena that include those that are in the domain of linguistic theories of focus and givenness. The tacit assumption is that more general and independently motivated accessibility factors will be able to supplant the more specialised grammatical accounts of prosodic prominence. This paper reviews previous results and finds that existing accessibility accounts cannot explain a range of data easily captured by the alternatives theory of focus, and that various experimental studies motivating the accessibility view actually fail to distinguish between the two accounts. New experimental data are presented that tease the effects of accessibility and linguistic focus apart.
Finding Data Sets Online

Data seems to be an increasingly important part of everyone’s life, both within librarianship and the social sciences. Most librarians are able to easily find charts and tables, but sometimes more detailed information is needed. Sometimes custom charts and tables need to be built. This is where data sets come in. These collections of raw data allow users to manipulate and massage variables as they see fit. Where a chart or a table is limited by whichever variables the author chose to include and make available, raw data represents all of the data collected for a given project, allowing endusers to select and manipulate whichever components strike their fancy in whatever manner makes sense for their own research. While one could devote a book to all of the interesting data sets freely available online, here is a sample of some of the more interesting ones.
Comparative analyses of live‐action and animated film remake scenes: finding alternative film‐based teaching resources

Live‐action and animated film remake scenes can show many topics typically taught in organizational behaviour and management courses. This article discusses, analyses and compares such scenes to identify parallel film scenes useful for teaching. The analysis assesses the scenes to decide which scene type, animated or live‐action, more effectively shows concepts or emphasizes concepts differently. Analyses comparatives des scenes de remake des films tournes en direct et des films d’animation: en quete de nouvelles ressources pour l’enseignement base sur les films. Les scenes de « remake » de films tournes en direct ou de films d’animation peuvent illustrer de nombreux themes que l’on enseigne dans les cours de comportement organisationnel et de gestion. Cet article discute, analyse et compare un certain nombre de ces scenes afin d’identifier des sequences filmiques paralleles utiles pour enseigner. L’analyse evalue ces sequences pour determiner quel type de scene, animee ou filmee en direct, fait apparaitr.
Clinical value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing by Illumina and Nanopore for the detection of pathogens in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in suspected community-acquired pneumonia patients

At present, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) based on Illumina platform has been widely reported for pathogen detection. There are few studies on the diagnosis of major pathogens and treatment regulation using mNGS based on Illumina versus Nanopore. We aim to evaluate the clinical value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) by Illumina and Nanopore for the detection of pathogens in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in suspected community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients. BALF samples collected from 66 suspected CAP patients within 48 hours of hospitalization were divided into two parts, one for conventional culture and the other for mNGS by two platforms (Illumina and Nanopore). The clinical value based on infection diagnosis, diagnostic performance for main pathogens and treatment guidance were assessed. More types of species were detected by Nanopore than Illumina, especially in viruses, fungus and mycobacterium. Illumina and Nanopore showed similar detectability in bacterium except for mycobacterium tuberculosis complex/nontuberculosis mycobacteria. Pathogenic infection was established or excluded in 53 of 66 patients. There was little difference in the coincidence rate between Illumina and Nanopore with the clinical diagnosis, but both were superior to the culture (57.81%, 59.38%, 25%, respectively). Compared with Illumina, the diagnostic area under the curve of Nanopore was higher in fungi, but lower in bacteria and Chlamydia psittaci. There was no statistically significant difference between Illumina and Nanopore in guiding drug treatment (56.1% vs. 50%, p=0.43), but both were superior to the culture (56.1% vs. 28.8%, p=0.01; 50% vs. 28.8%, p=0.01). Single inflammatory indicators could not be used to determine whether the patients with culture-negative BALF were established or excluded from infection. The species detected at 1 h and 4 h by Nanopore were consistent to some extent, and its turn-around time (TAT) was significantly shorter than Illumina (p<0.01). Illumina and Nanopore both have its own advantages in pathogenic diagnosis and play similar roles in infection diagnosis and guiding clinical treatment. Nanopore has a relatively short TAT, which may be promising in rapid etiological diagnosis of acute and critically ill patients.
Content adaptation resilient low-level visual features for content based image retrieval

In content based image retrieval (CIBR), low-level visual features are usually extracted from the highest quality and resolutions of visual contents. When content is scalable coded, their bit streams can be adapted at various nodes in multimedia usage chains to cater the variations in network bandwidths, display device resolutions and resources and usage preferences by just discarding insignificant resolution-quality layers. This can result in the existence of different version of the same content with dissimilar low-level visual features. Therefore, mapping of low level visual descriptors into content resolution- quality spaces is important in order to obtain low-level visual features that are resilient to content adaptations. A new scalable domain feature extraction using the compression modes and decisions is presented and its CBIR performance is evaluated. The proposed scheme outperforms MPEG-7 visual descriptors in both the original image and scaled resolution-quality space domains.
IRIS BIOMETRIC RECOGNITION SYSTEM EMPLOYING CANNY OPERATOR

Biometrics has become important in security applications. In comparison with many other biometric features, iris recognition has very high recognition accuracy because it depends on iris which is located in a place that still stable throughout human life and the probability to find two identical iris's is close to zero. The identification system consists of several stages including segmentation stage which is the most serious and critical one. The current segmentation methods still have limitation in localizing the iris due to circular shape consideration of the pupil. In this research, Daugman method is done to investigate the segmentation techniques. Eyelid detection is another step that has been included in this study as a part of segmentation stage to localize the iris accurately and remove unwanted area that might be included. The obtained iris region is encoded using haar wavelets to construct the iris code, which contains the most discriminating feature in the iris pattern. Hamming distance is used for comparison of iris templates in the recognition stage. The dataset which is used for the study is UBIRIS database. A comparative study of different edge detector operator is performed. It is observed that canny operator is best suited to extract most of the edges to generate the iris code for comparison. Recognition rate of 89% and rejection rate of 95% is achieved.
Model-Driven Vision Using Procedure Description: Motivation And Application To Photointerpretation And Medical Diagnosis

We present a general scheme for the representation and use of procedural knowledge in an image understanding system. Each procedure has associated with it a procedure descriptor, which characterizes the procedure's capabilities in terms of its input/output behavior and its performance characteristics. A general control paradigm, based on descriptor-directed invocation of procedures, is presented and shown to allow for: intelligent, goal-directed invocation; dynamic planning using local context; modular addition and change of procedural knowledge; and flexible allocation of computing resources. The representation scheme and control paradigm are being applied in the domains Of medical imagery (ultrasonograms and radiographs) and aerial imagery (of industrial sites).
Cognitive modeling of symbolic-like relationships with the adaptive neural network associator (ANNA)

In their influential articles (Science, 283, 1999), Marcus, Vijayan, Bandi Rao and Vishton (pp. 77-80) and Pinker (pp. 40-41) argue that a prominent model of associative learning, the simple recurrent network, SRN, would fail to simulate rule-learning by seven-month-old infants. Furthermore, the authors argue for the consideration of rule based, symbolic explanations. Subsequently, several authors proposed variations of the simple recurrent network that were better able to model the infant data, but Marcus argued that these models would themselves implement (hidden) rule-mechanisms. Moreover, he was able to show in a further experimental test that one of these models predicted exactly the opposite of what was found in an infant learning experiment. The paper proposes ANNA, a new recurrent neural network architecture that is fully based on associative mechanisms, i.e. ANNA does not implement rules. ANNA succeeds in simulating the infant results. This includes Marcus' recent experimental tests. The author therefore argues that the results of Marcus do not necessarily prove that infants make use of rules (though they might apply rules). Moreover, ANNA shows that rule/symbolic-like relationships can at least sometimes arise out of associations.
People Recognition for Entering and Leaving a Video Surveillance Area

The authors proposed a people recognition method for moving people of entering and leaving a video surveillance area employing the spatial-based feature of single-pedestrian image in conjunction with color vector. The spatial-based features are employed for its different location from variant parts of the human body. A histogram-based framework is used to describe the color vector of variant parts of the moving people. Th is method is able to track and identify the moving people successfully in different outdoor environment based on variance of samples. A series of experimental results illustrate that th is method can track and identif y automatically while the moving people enter or leav e a video surveillance area.