Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thermal Conductivity Enhancement of Benzocyclobutene With Carbon Nanotubes for Adhesive Bonding in 3-D Integration

Thermal management is one of the critical challenges in 3-D integration. The intermediate bonding interfaces between two chips, such as silicon dioxide and polymer adhesives, are the major source of internal thermal resistance in 3-D integrated circuits, leading to thermal issues such as high temperature spots and larger temperature gradients. This paper reports an approach to reduce the thermal resistance of a common bonding adhesive benzocyclobutene (BCB) by loading carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to improve the thermal conductivity. By exploiting the aromatic property of BCB, an ultrasonication-assisted noncovalent dispersion method is developed to disseminate CNTs with different concentrations into BCB. Thanks to the high thermal conduction ability of CNTs, the thermal conductivity of BCB is improved as much as 20% by loading 1.5 wt% CNTs. The surface temperature of bonded chips during heating are measured to evaluate the dynamic heat transfer ability, and a 13% improvement is achieved for BCB-CNT composites. The bonding strength of pure BCB and BCB-CNT composites are tested and the results show that CNTs is beneficial to improving the bonding strength.
Effects of a moderate-intensity aerobic program on blood viscosity, platelet aggregation and fibrinolytic balance in young and middle-aged sedentary subjects

Regular physical activity is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease although the mechanisms are unclear. Recent population-based studies suggest that the effect of physical activity may be at least partly a result of action on hemostasis. We tested the hypothesis that moderate-intensity aerobic training improves fibrinolytic activity and reduces platelet aggregation and blood viscosity. In 15 young (11 males and four females; age, 24–32 years) and 15 middle-aged (11 males and four females; age, 45–65 years) healthy, non-smoker, sedentary subjects, the maximum oxygen consumption, adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation, tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1, antigen, hematocrit and blood viscosity were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training (40 min three times a week at a training intensity adjusted to 60% of the individual heart rate reserve). After training, the maximum oxygen consumption was increased by 9% (P < 0.01) in the young group and by 7.3% (P < 0.05) in the middle-aged group. Adenosine diphosphate-platelet aggregation significantly decreased in the young (−30%; P < 0.05). The middle-aged group showed a 10.4% decrease in hematocrit (P < 0.05), and a 11.6 and 16.6% decrease in blood viscosity at 450/s and at 90/s rates of shear, respectively (P < 0.05), while the plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 antigen plasma level increased 135% (P < 0.01). These data, some not consistent with others, only partially support the hypothesis that the beneficial effects of physical activity result from action on hemostatic balance. In particular, the changes in the fibrinolytic system in middle-aged subjects might suggest increased thrombotic risk. Thus a simple, straightforward conclusion is not possible at present, and further studies are required.
A modified direct torque control of surface permanent magnet synchronous motor drives without a speed sensor

A modified speed sensorless direct torque control (DTC) scheme for surface permanent magnet synchronous machine (SPM) is investigated in this paper, which features in very low flux and torque ripple and almost fixed switching frequency. Instead of the switching table and hysteresis controllers in the basic DTC, a reference flux vector calculator (RFVC) is used to determine the reference stator flux linkage vector. The reference flux vector is produced according to the amplitude of the reference and estimated stator flux linkages, the position of the estimated stator flux linkage, the amplitude of the reference and estimated torques and the estimated rotor speed. Then the voltage vectors applied on the machine is calculated to compensate the flux and torque errors exactly, so the flux and torque are controlled in the deadbeat fashion. A speed estimation method is also introduced in this paper, in which the rotor flux linkage is calculated from the stator flux linkage and the stator current. Then the rotor speed is calculated from the rotor flux linkage. Simulation results show that the flux and torque ripples are greatly reduced when compared with those of the basic DTC. With the new scheme, the quick dynamic torque response of the basic DTC is still retained. Fixed switching frequency at different operating conditions becomes possible by means of space vector modulation.
Examining pitch and numerical magnitude processing in congenital amusia: A quasi-experimental pilot study

ABSTRACT Introduction: Congenital amusia is a developmental disorder associated with deficits in pitch height discrimination or in integrating pitch sequences into melodies. This quasi-experimental pilot study investigated whether there is an association between pitch and numerical processing deficits in congenital amusia. Since pitch height discrimination is considered a form of magnitude processing, we investigated whether individuals with amusia present an impairment in numerical magnitude processing, which would reflect damage to a generalized magnitude system. Alternatively, we investigated whether the numerical processing deficit would reflect a disconnection between nonsymbolic and symbolic number representations. Method: This study was conducted with 11 adult individuals with congenital amusia and a control comparison group of 6 typically developing individuals. Participants performed nonsymbolic and symbolic magnitude comparisons and number line tasks. Results were available from previous testing using the Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia (MBEA) and a pitch change detection task (PCD). Results: Compared to the controls, individuals with amusia exhibited no significant differences in their performance on both the number line and the nonsymbolic magnitude tasks. Nevertheless, they showed significantly worse performance on the symbolic magnitude task. Moreover, individuals with congenital amusia, who presented worse performance in the Meter subtest, also presented less precise nonsymbolic numerical representation. Conclusions: The relationship between meter and nonsymbolic numerical discrimination could indicate a general ratio processing deficit. The finding of preserved nonsymbolic numerical magnitude discrimination and mental number line representations, with impaired symbolic number processing, in individuals with congenital amusia indicates that (a) pitch height and numerical magnitude processing may not share common neural representations, and (b) in addition to pitch processing, individuals with amusia may present a deficit in accessing nonsymbolic numerical representations from symbolic representations. The symbolic access deficit could reflect a widespread impairment in the establishment of cortico-cortical connections between association areas.
Un objet qui manque à sa place : les données probantes dans l'enseignement et la formation

Introduction Depuis quelques années, les bienfaits des pratiques fondées sur les données probantes sont évoqués en sciences sociales et humaines. Cette idée d’une « evidence-based practice » n’est pourtant pas nouvelle. Elle a fait son entrée en médecine il y a quelques décennies avant d’être introduite graduellement dans diverses disciplines telles que la psychologie, la santé publique, l’architecture, etc. (La Roche, 2008). « Quand on parle de pratique fondée sur les données probantes, on fait généralement référence à des pratiques de prévention ou d’intervention validées par une certaine forme de preuve scientifique, par opposition aux approches qui se basent sur la tradition, les conventions, les croyances ou les données non-scientifiques » (La Roche, 2008, p. 2). Plus qu’une mode passagère, la pratique fondée sur les données probantes apparaît comme une véritable vague de fond appelée à se généraliser.
Capacity Enhancement with Joint Precoding for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Downlink System

Multiple antennas can provide huge capacity gains when the transmitter knows the channel state information (CSI). In multiple-input multiple- output (MIMO) wireless system, CSI at transmitter (CSIT) side can significantly improve system performance by increasing the transmission rate and enhancing reliability. Precoding is a technique that exploits CSIT by processing the signal before transmitting. In this paper, a new precoding scheme called hybrid multiple-input multiple-output precoding (HMP) is proposed. HMP is the combination of a linear and a nonlinear precoder. In HMP, nonlinear precoding in the good channel and linear precoding in the bad channel is used. The well-known Tomlinson-Harashima precoding (THP) is considered as nonlinear precoding. If number of transmit antennas is chosen less than or equal to four, HMP has no use, conventional antenna selection scheme would better perform. Therefore, for perform better at least four or more Tx antennas need to be chosen. The system achievable rate is calculated to show the performance of HMP scheme compared with the conventional scheme.
Multidetector row computed tomography: imaging congenital coronary artery anomalies in adults

The quality of the imaging of the main coronary arteries and side branches provided by multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) may have importance when assessing congenital coronary artery anomalies. This review discusses the rationale for using MDCT for this indication and examines the advantages and disadvantages of the technique. Examples of MDCT imaging of congenital coronary artery anomalies are presented. These images provide persuasive evidence to support clinical use of MDCT cardiac imaging in the context of suspected congenital coronary artery anomalies as a first line investigation.
Technique and Outcomes of Laparoscopic-combined Linear Stapler and Hand-sutured Side-to-Side Esophagojejunostomy With Roux-en-Y Reconstruction as a Treatment Modality in Patients Undergoing Proximal Gastrectomy for Benign and Malignant Disease of the Gastroesophageal Junction

Background:Circular stapler and hand-sutured esophagojejunostomy has been the most popular technique utilized in patients undergoing proximal gastrectomy through Roux-en-Y reconstruction for disease processes of the gastroesophageal junction. In recent years, with the advent of laparoscopic bariatric surgical techniques and refined linear stapler cutters, surgeons have developed the linear stapler side-to-side technique as a valid option. The aim of this study is to describe our technique and review the outcomes using the Roux-en-Y reconstruction with linear staplers after laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy for malignant and benign disease. Methods:After Internal Review Board approval and with adherence to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act guidelines, a retrospective review of a prospectively collected database was conducted. A total of 14 patients underwent proximal laparoscopic gastric resection at our institution during a 3-year period from January 2008 to January 2011. Sex, body mass index, prior surgeries, complications of the prior surgery, intraoperative complications, pathologic findings, postoperative complications, hospital stay, and outpatient follow-up were measured in the preoperative and postoperative period. Results:Our patient population consisted of 9 women and 5 men, with a mean age and body mass index of 45.42 years and 35.64 kg/m2, respectively. Indications for proximal gastrectomy was in 4 patients a leak at the angle of His secondary to sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity, 1 patient was a stricture after a vertical banded gastroplasty, 1 patient a revision of a eroded gastric band, 1 patient a revision of a eroded mesh secondary to a hiatal hernia repair, 1 patient a conversion of a failed Nissen, 3 patients had a total gastrectomy due to a stage 2 gastric cancer, and 1 patient a gastrointestinal stromal tumor. There were no intraoperative complications. All the procedures were completed laparoscopically. The mean operative time was 137.16 minutes. The mean hospital stay was 7.6 days. One patient had a postoperative stricture at the esophagojejunal anastomosis that required multiple dilatations. All patients with gastric cancer are free of tumor recurrence. Conclusion:The use of a laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction through combined side-to-side linear stapler and hand-sewn esophagojejunal anastomosis seems to be a feasible and safe approach.
Genetic analysis of mch mutants in two Methanosarcina species demonstrates multiple roles for the methanopterin‐dependent C‐1 oxidation/reduction pathway and differences in H2 metabolism between closely related species

A mutation in the mch gene, encoding the enzyme 5,10‐methenyl tetrahydromethanopterin (H4MPT) cyclohydrolase, was constructed in vitro and recombined onto the chromosome of the methanogenic archaeon Methanosarcina barkeri. The resulting mutant does not grow in media using H2/CO2, methanol, or acetate as carbon and energy sources, but does grow in media with methanol/H2/CO2, demonstrating its ability to utilize H2 as a source of electrons for reduction of methyl groups. Cell suspension experiments showed that methanogenesis from methanol or from H2/CO2 is blocked in the mutant, explaining the lack of growth on these substrates. The corresponding mutation in Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A, which cannot grow on H2/CO2, could not be made in wild‐type strains, but could be made in strains carrying a second copy of mch, suggesting that M. acetivorans is incapable of methyl group reduction using H2. M. acetivorans mch mutants could also be constructed in strains carrying the M. barkeri ech hydrogenase operon, suggesting that the block in the methyl reduction pathway is at the level of H2 oxidation. Interestingly, the ech‐dependent methyl reduction pathway of M. acetivorans involves an electron transport chain distinct from that used by M. barkeri, because M. barkeri ech mutants remain capable of H2‐dependent methyl reduction.
The Library Barometer 2000.PDF

4 What is the use of user studies? 5 Background and aim of the report 5 Organisational aspects of quality assurance and the development of university libraries 6 Library Barometer 2000 – point of departure 8 The main standpoints of the reference group 8 The aim of the Barometer 9 Method of procedure 10 Results 11 Level 1 – A framework for interpretation: Information channels and library relations in knowledge development 11 Level 2 – Quality indication: Importance of and satisfaction with library services 14 Level 3 – Organisational aspects: Significance of library services in knowledge development 15 Discussion: Experiences and conclusions 20 The character of the Barometer – a user study as a base for university self-evaluation 20 The Barometer as a study of the relation between the university and the library services 21 The Library Barometer as a path to a new organisational identity? 22
Energy consumption behaviour characterization with mobile gamification

Excessive electric energy consumption results in high costs for consumers, and often on using non-renewable resources. Additionally, in many cases, it is difficult for the consumer or for the energy provider to determine if one or more equipment is being used efficiently. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to promote awareness about energy consumption. For that purpose, a mobile application with a gamification approach was designed to identify users' behaviors towards the use of energy and, based on the user's answers, offer advices to save energy and promote ecological awareness. The outcome of using gamification on a mobile application with such goals results in a streamlined data collection application that combines information and entertainment. The collected information is being gathered to potentially create consumer profiles that better reflect the user's energy consumption.
Direct Interactions of Runx2 and Canonical Wnt Signaling Induce FGF18*

Canonical Wnt signaling is clearly required for skeletal development and bone formation. However, the targets of Wnt signaling that convert this signal into bone are unclear. Identification of these targets will yield insight into normal bone physiology and suggest new therapeutics for treatment of bone disease. Here we show that an essential regulator of bone development, FGF18, is a direct target of canonical Wnt signaling. A single DNA binding site for the Wnt-dependent transcription factors TCF/Lef accounted for the stimulation of the fgf18 promoter in response to Wnt signaling. Additionally, targeted disruption of βcat blocked fgf18 expression in vivo. Partially overlapping the TCF/Lef binding site is a Runx2 binding site and experiments showed that Runx2 and TCF/Lef work cooperatively to induce fgf18 expression. RNA interference knockdown of Runx2 inhibited and Runx2 forced expression augmented the induction of fgf18 by canonical Wnt signaling. Significantly, Runx2 formed a complex with Lef1 or TCF4 and this complex bound the composite binding site in the fgf18 promoter. These results demonstrate that two transcription pathways that are essential for bone, physically and functionally converge at the fgf18 promoter.
Identification with the winner of a fight and name mediation: their differential effects upon subsequent aggressive behaviour.

The present study aims at measuring the effects of name mediation and of identification with the winner on subsequent aggressive behaviour. After having been angered by an experimental confederate, subjects watched a 6 1/2 min. clip from the film The Champion (Berkowitz, 1965). Upon conclusion of the film, the subjects were given an opportunity to administer electric shocks to the confederate. More aggression was exhibited by subjects who identified more strongly with the winner of the fight. The high-identifiers also described themselves as more refreshed, light-hearted and pleased than the low-identifiers.
Lean T ype 2 D iabetes Mellitus

Type 2 diabetes is increasing in epidemic proportions across the globe. Obesity is generally considered to be the major contributor to the epidemic of diabetes mellitus. In NHANES 1999–2002 study from USA around 55% of diabetics were obese (Eberhardt & Ogden, 2004) The focus in the Western world remains on the more prevalent overweight or obese patient, but a significant proportion of diabetes cannot be attributable to obesity using current criteria. A large proportion of patients with type 2 diabetes are ‘lean or underweight. ’ In the Diabetes and Informatics (DAI) study in Italy involving over 13,000 patients with type 2 diabetes, approximately 25% had a body mass index (BMI) ≤ 25 kg/m2 and rates of obesity were 23% in men and 37% in women (Mannucci et al. 2004). Likewise, in a study involving over 2700 people with type 2 diabetes attending a secondary care diabetes clinic in the UK, 14% had a BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2 and 52% were Obese (Daousi & Casson, 2006). There is some controversy, however, as to what exactly defines a lean patient with type 2 diabetes. There is uncertainty regarding the choice of the most appropriate parameters and their thresholds for defining overweight and obesity, the influence of different patient characteristics, such as ethnicity and age (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Expert Panel on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults, 1998). In South Asians, people who are not overweight by traditional weight criteria (i.e. BMI) may have an increased percentage of body fat, particularly the more metabolically active intra-abdominal fat (Deurenberg-Yap et al.,
Urodynamic investigation of cyclophosphamide-induced overactive bladder in conscious rats.

BACKGROUND Overactive bladder (OAB) can be caused by many factors such as inflammation, bladder outlet obstruction, neurogenic factors. We performed an intraperitoneal (ip) injection of cyclophosphamide to induce cystitis in rats, which causes their detrusors to overact, to provide a valuable disease model for discussing OAB pathogenesis and to study effective curing methods. METHODS Female Sprague-Dawley rats were induced to form cystitis by cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg, ip). The day after the injection, two catheters were inserted into each rat's bladder to study its urodynamics. The BL-410 model bio-function experimental system was used to monitor bladder pressure while the rats were conscious. Unstable detrusor contractions appear in the urine storage period as a standard to determine OAB, and the positive rate was calculated. Urodynamic parameters such as bladder basal pressure (BP), maximum voiding pressure (MVP), intercontraction interval (ICI), spontaneous activity (SA), maximum cystometric capacity (MCC), and bladder compliance (BC) were recorded in each group, and a light microscope was used to observe the pathological changes in the rat bladder tissue. RESULTS The detrusor instability rate of the model group was 83.33%. The MVP, MCC and BC of rats in the model group were lower than the control group (P < 0.01), and the BP, ICI and SA of the model group rats were higher than the control group (P < 0.01). The difference between the control group and the model group is statistically significant. The model group rats' bladder walls swelled and bled, the submucosa thickened and leukocyte infiltration became serious. CONCLUSIONS Acute cystitis and OAB symptoms can be induced by ip injections of cyclophosphamide in rats. This can provide a valuable animal model to study OAB in human beings.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the patellar tendon after harvesting its central third: a comparison between traditional and subcutaneous harvesting techniques.

The aim of this study was to compare the 2-year results after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using patellar tendon autografts harvested through a paratenon-splitting, traditional technique (group A) with the results of a subcutaneous technique aiming at protecting the infrapatellar nerves and the paratenon (group B). Special emphasis was placed on evaluating the donor site. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the patellar tendon was performed to evaluate the reconstitution after harvesting its central third. Examinations of knee-walking ability and assessments of anterior knee sensitivity were made in order to evaluate donor-site discomfort and the function of infrapatellar nerves. Seventy-two consecutive patients were included in the study; group A comprised 35 patients and group B, 37 patients. At the 2-year follow-up, the Tegner activity level, the Lysholm score, and the IKDC evaluation system showed no significant differences between groups A and B. The median loss of normal anterior knee sensitivity was 16 cm2 (range, 0 to 200 cm2) in group A and 0 cm2 (range, 0 to 285 cm2) in group B (P = .20). In group A 20% of the patients and in group B 58% had normal sensitivity (P < .01). MRI showed that the donor-site gap (area corresponding to non-tendinous-like tissue signal) was 5 mm (range, 0 to 9 mm) in group A and 2 mm (range, 0 to 5 mm) in group B (P < .0001). At 2-year follow-up, the subcutaneous graft-harvesting technique resulted in less disturbance of anterior knee sensitivity and a smaller donor-site gap than the traditional technique.