Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High efficiency rectification by SOI based gate controlled diode for RF energy harvesting

For realization of the RF energy harvesting of the ultra low power RF input, the gate controlled diodes (GCD) which can achieve the near zero turn-on voltage were compared with the conventional PN-diode's (PND) and the Schottky Barrier Diode's (SBD). The results of the measurement and the theoretical calculations show that the on-resistance of the GCD could be less than the PND's and also the SBD's, when compared with the same area. It is due to the scaling of MOS. The mechanism of the leakage current of the GCD was analysed from the measurements. It is found that the gate induced drain leakage (GIDL) and the diffusion current are contributed to the leakage current of the GCD. Therefore, it is pointed out that the thickness of the gate oxide and the threshold voltage (Vt) of MOS should be optimized, in order to reduce the leakage of the GCD. From examination of the curvature coefficient γ which represents the efficiency of rectification, it was found for the first time that the γ of the SOI_GCD with the optimum gate oxide thickness and the Vt exceeds the γ of the PND's and the SBD's. The SOI_GCD was also found to be excellent at the product of RsC0 which the C0 affects the efficiency of rectification, especially at the high frequency. Thus, the most desirable device for the RF energy harvesting will be obtained by optimizing the gate oxide thickness and the Vt of the SOI_GCD.
Dynamical suppression of unwanted transitions in multistate quantum systems

Summary form only given. Experiments in many fields of quantum physics require well-defined quantum states and well-defined interactions. For example, the basic ingredient of the quantum computer is a well-defined qubit - a two-state quantum system. Real quantum systems, however, possess many states and special care is needed to isolate just two of them. In real and artificial atoms this is usually done with polarized laser light, carefully aligned with the quantization axis. However, unwanted transition channels may still be present, which reduce the fidelity of the operations. For example, when an ultracold atomic ensemble held in an optical dipole trap is addressed by right circularly polarized light, many atoms often “see” an admixture of σ+ and σ- light (i.e., elliptical polarization [1]) since not all of them are exactly in the focus of the laser fields. Unwanted transitions may be present also due to imperfect polarization or alignment, off-resonant couplings, perturbing excitations in molecules and solids, etc.We propose a simple and efficient technique for automatic compensation of such errors, even without knowing their magnitudes, which uses composite pulse sequences [2-5] to dynamically suppress unwanted transitions, while simultaneously controlling the qubit in a robust way. We illustrate the technique in threeand four-state quantum systems forming linkages reminiscent of the letters V, Ξ and Y, but it can readily be adapted to more complex systems. By suitably choosing the phases of the constituent pulses, the unwanted transitions can be suppressed with very high fidelity, while compensation of deviations in laser polarizations, intensities and detunings can be done simultaneously. The accuracy, the flexibility and the simplicity of the proposed technique make it a potentially important tool in applications requiring high control fidelity, such as quantum information processing and quantum optics.transitions
Bias Formulas for Sensitivity Analysis for Direct and Indirect Effects

A key question in many studies is how to divide the total effect of an exposure into a component that acts directly on the outcome and a component that acts indirectly, ie, through some intermediate. For example, one might be interested in the extent to which the effect of diet on blood pressure is mediated through sodium intake and the extent to which it operates through other pathways. In the context of such mediation analysis, even if the effect of the exposure on the outcome is unconfounded, estimates of direct and indirect effects will be biased if control is not made for confounders of the mediator-outcome relationship. Often data are not collected on such mediator-outcome confounding variables; the results in this paper allow researchers to assess the sensitivity of their estimates of direct and indirect effects to the biases from such confounding. Specifically, the paper provides formulas for the bias in estimates of direct and indirect effects due to confounding of the exposure-mediator relationship and of the mediator-outcome relationship. Under some simplifying assumptions, the formulas are particularly easy to use in sensitivity analysis. The bias formulas are illustrated by examples in the literature concerning direct and indirect effects in which mediator-outcome confounding may be present.
Pharmacokinetics of a Once-Daily Oral Dose of Moxifloxacin (Bay 12-8039), a New Enantiomerically Pure 8-Methoxy Quinolone

ABSTRACT The pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of oral moxifloxacin, a new 8-methoxy quinolone, were assessed in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in which healthy male and female volunteers received either 400 mg of moxifloxacin once daily (n = 10) or a placebo once daily (n = 5) for 10 days. Plasma moxifloxacin concentrations on days 1 and 10 were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorometric detection. Standard pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by noncompartmental methods. Natural logarithmic estimates for each pharmacokinetic variable of each subject were analyzed by a two-way analysis of variance. Hematology, blood chemistry, vital signs, and adverse events were monitored, and electrocardiograms (ECG) were performed. Plasma moxifloxacin concentrations of predicted therapeutic relevance were achieved in this study. For day 1, the mean maximum concentration of drug in serum (Cmax) and the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC0–24) were 3.4 mg/liter and 30.2 mg · h/liter, respectively. Corresponding means on day 10 were 4.5 mg/liter and 48 mg · h/liter, respectively. On day 10, the mean elimination half-life was approximately 12 h. Plasma moxifloxacin concentrations exceeded the MIC for Streptococcus pneumoniae throughout the 24-h dosing period. The day 1 and day 10 mean AUC/MIC ratios were 121 and 192, respectively, and the meanCmax/MIC ratios were 13 and 18, respectively. Moxifloxacin was well tolerated; no clinically relevant changes in the standard laboratory tests, vital signs, or ECG were observed. Pharmacokinetic parameters demonstrated linearity, and estimates of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic ratios (AUC/MIC andCmax/MIC) indicate that the regimen of 400-mg once daily should be effective for treating a variety of infections. Moxifloxacin was found to be safe and well tolerated in healthy volunteers when it was given as a single daily 400-mg dose for 10 days.
Development of the Private Practice Management Standards for Psychology

&NA; This paper describes the process of developing a set of private practice management standards to support Australian psychologists and promote high quality services to the public. A review of the literature was conducted to identify management standards relevant to psychology, which were further developed in consultation with a panel of experts in psychology or in the development of standards. Forty–three psychologists in independent private practice took part in either a survey (n=22) to provide feedback on the relevance of, and their compliance with, the identified standards, or a 6–month pilot study (n=21) in which a web–based self–assessment instrument evaluating the final set of standards and performance indicators was implemented in their practice to investigate self–reported change in management procedures. The pilot study demonstrated good outcomes for practitioners when evaluation of compliance to the standards was operationalized in a self–assessment format. Study results are based on a small sample size. Nevertheless, relevance and utility of the standards was found providing an initial version of management standards that have relevance to the practice of psychology in Australia, along with a system for evaluating psychological service provision to ensure best practice in service delivery.
Differential effect of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia on pathways of hepatic glycogen repletion.

To delineate the roles of hyperglycemia and insulin on the direct vs. indirect pathways of liver glycogen synthesis, we performed euglycemic (group I; n = 8), hyperglycemic (group II; n = 9), and euglycemic pharmacological hyperinsulinemic clamp studies (120 min) with an infusion of [1-13C]glucose in chronically catheterized conscious rats after a 24-h fast. Portal vein plasma glucose concentrations and portal vein plasma insulin concentrations, respectively, obtained at the end of the study in groups I-III were as follows: group I 110 +/- 4 mg/dl, 29 +/- 7 ng/ml; group II 219 +/- 7 mg/dl, 24 +/- 7 ng/ml; and group III 112 +/- 9 mg/dl, 174 +/- 25 ng/ml. Mean liver glycogen concentrations at the end of the three studies were 0.68 +/- 0.07, 1.22 +/- 0.08 (P less than 0.001 compared with groups I and III), and 0.60 +/- 0.17 g/100 g wet wt liver in groups I-III respectively, which yielded hepatic glycogen synthetic rates of 0.16 +/- 0.03, 0.41 +/- 0.04 (P less than 0.001 compared with groups I and III), and 0.13 +/- 0.08 mumol glucosyl U.g liver-1.min-1 in groups I-III, respectively. From the enrichments of 13C in the C-1 and C-6 positions of the glucosyl unit in glycogen compared with the enrichment in the C-1 position in portal vein glucose as determined by 13C- and 1H-NMR, the amount of glycogen synthesized by the direct pathway was calculated to be 18 +/- 2, 41 +/- 3 (P less than 0.0001 compared with groups I and III), and 17 +/- 3% in groups I-III, respectively. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Congenital myopathy with nemaline rods and cap structures caused by a mutation in the beta-tropomyosin gene (TPM2).

OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical, morphologic, and genetic findings in a family in which one woman had nemaline myopathy, whereas her daughter showed features of cap disease. PATIENTS A 66-year-old woman and her 35-year-old daughter had congenital, slowly progressive muscle weakness. They had weakness in both proximal and distal muscles and facial diplegia with bilateral ptosis, a long narrow face, a high arched palate, and micrognathia. RESULTS Muscle biopsy specimens in the mother at age 57 years had shown nemaline myopathy, whereas a biopsy specimen at age 32 years had demonstrated no rods. Muscle biopsy specimens in the daughter at age 26 years had shown features of cap disease and no apparent nemaline rods. A missense mutation, Glu41Lys, in the beta-tropomyosin gene TPM2 was identified in both patients but was absent in their healthy relatives. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that mutations in TPM2 may cause nemaline myopathy as well as cap disease with a dominant mode of inheritance. These disorders may thus be phenotypic variants of the same genetic defect.
A control strategy for paralleled bi-directional DC-DC converters used in energy storage systems

According to the control requirements of modular power used in energy storage systems, a parallel control strategy for bi-directional DC-DC converter is proposed and applied to the bi-directional DC-DC converter combined by current-fed half bridge and voltage-fed half bridge. While converters operate in parallel, the master-slave control based on digital communications can solve the problem of unequal current distribution caused by different parasitic parameters between parallel modules, and the strategy is with strong anti-interference ability. When running, each slave module will modify the reference of its own internal current loop by comparing its bus side current with the master module's bus side current via its current-sharing loop, so that the current sharing at the DC bus side can be achieved. Meanwhile, with the auto-master-selected strategy, a new master module will arise immediately when the former master module fails, which solves the problem of system failure when master module breaks down with traditional master-salve control. The simulation and experimental results prove the validity of the parallel control strategy.
TD: The case of Diogenes Syndrome—deficit or denial?

ABSTRACT Diogenes Syndrome (DS) is characterised by extreme self-neglect, domestic squalor, hoarding, social withdrawal, and lack of concern and shame for the individual’s residential situation. This paper describes TD who was unable to identify emotional expressions of disgust and was borderline-impaired for facial recognition associated with perceptual difficulties. Problems interpreting expressions of disgust were interesting as TD was living in squalor, neglecting himself, and lacked concern for his circumstances. This led us to question whether the basis of his difficulties were neuropsychological or psychological in nature, which became the objective of this study, with a focus on shame and disgust. TD completed neuropsychological and psychological assessments alongside an experimental task investigating processing of disgust and his living situation. Results highlighted executive dysfunction but understanding of living with the consequences of squalor was spared as was emotion based decision-making. Assessment indicated difficulties with olfactory processing and aspects of interoceptive awareness. TD showed poor awareness of his living conditions and a lack of shame. Disgust sensitivity was unimpaired. It is unclear if TD’s difficulties were caused by psychological or neuropsychological impairments, although both likely play a part. Further research is required to understand processes underpinning DS, particularly disgust and shame.
Partial Fault-Tolerant Relay Node Placement in Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

Existing work on placing additional relay nodes in wireless sensor networks to improve network connectivity typically assumes homogeneous wireless sensor nodes with an identical transmission radius. In compare, this paper addresses the problem of deploying relay nodes to provide fault tolerance with higher network connectivity in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks, where sensor nodes have different transmission radii. Depending on the level of preferred fault tolerance, that type of problems categorized as: 1) full fault-tolerant relay node placement, which deploy a minimum number of relay nodes to establish vertex disjoint paths between every pair of sensor and/or relay nodes and 2) partial fault-tolerant relay node placement, which can organize a number of relay nodes to establish vertex-disjoint paths only between every pair of sensor nodes. Due to the variation of transmission radii of sensor nodes, these problems are complicated by the existence of two different kinds of communication paths in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks, and two-way paths, along which wireless communications exist in both directions; and one-way paths, it is also along which wireless communications exist in only one direction. Assuming that sensor nodes are different transmission radii, while relay nodes are uses the same transmission radius, this paper expansively analyzes the range of problems introduced by the different levels of fault tolerance (full or partial) coupled with the different types of path. As each problems is NP-hard, we develop -approximation algorithms for both one-way and two-way partial fault-tolerant relay node placement, as well as -approximation algorithms for both one-way and two-way full fault-tolerant relay node placement ( is the best performance ratio of existing approximation algorithms for finding a minimum k-vertex connected spanning graph). To make possible the applications in higher dimensions, we are also extended these algorithms and derive their performance ratios in d-dimensional heterogeneous wireless sensor networks . Finally, heuristic implementations of these algorithms are evaluated via QualNet simulations.
Pyogenic Bacterial Infections in Humans with IRAK-4 Deficiency

Members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) and interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) superfamily share an intracytoplasmic Toll–IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain, which mediates recruitment of the interleukin-1 receptor–associated kinase (IRAK) complex via TIR-containing adapter molecules. We describe three unrelated children with inherited IRAK-4 deficiency. Their blood and fibroblast cells did not activate nuclear factor κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and failed to induce downstream cytokines in response to any of the known ligands of TIR-bearing receptors. The otherwise healthy children developed infections caused by pyogenic bacteria. These findings suggest that, in humans, the TIR-IRAK signaling pathway is crucial for protective immunity against specific bacteria but is redundant against most other microorganisms.
On the average path lengths of typical sensor-based path-planning algorithms by uncertain random mazes

In the sensor-based path-planning, the lower bounds of worst path lengths of all algorithms have been completely evaluated. However, it is quite difficult for us to evaluate their average path lengths. However, in a practical use, the evaluation is worth much. Moreover, an algorithm whose worst path length is optimal does not always equal to an algorithm whose average path length is optimal. In this paper, average path lengths of almost all the sensor-based path-planning algorithms are simulated and compared in more than 1000 kinds of unknown mazes. For all pairs of start and goal points in each uncertain maze, all path lengths are obtained and their sum is calculated by simulation. As a result, we can see that our algorithm HD-I whose worst path length is not bounded is the best and our algorithm Rev2 whose worst path is optimal is the better concerning to the average path length.
Regional Differences and Convergence Analysis of Energy Efficiency in China:on Stochastic Frontier Analysis and Panel Unit Root

Exploring status quo and trend of regional differences of energy efficiency in China is the prerequisite of realizing energy saving target of the Twelfth Five-Year Guideline.Based on the stochastic frontier border analysis framework,firstly,the energy efficiency of 29 provinces and autonomous regions from 1980 to 2010 are calculated.Then regional differences and influence factors of energy efficiency are analysed.Finally,by using panel unit root,stochastic convergence analysis of energy efficiency in China is given.Results show that regional differences of energy efficiency are relatively obvious and the trend is from expanding to downsizing significantly;Under the 1% significant level,when coal consumption proportion decreases by 1%,energy efficiency will increase by 0.335% and when title structure,energy price index and export dependence increase by 1%,energy efficiency will increase by 0.672%,0.166% and 0.166% respectively;eastern randomness convergence does not exist but the midwest appears club convergence under 10% significant level,however,the level of western randomness convergence is low.Therefore,formulating differential targets of energy consumption structure,title structure,energy price and export dependency and so on are beneficial to narrow the gap in energy efficiency between regions and improve the level of the convergence of eastern region and Midwest.
Randomized trial of peginterferon alpha‐2b plus low and escalating dose of ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C with high viral load genotype 1

It has been reported that elderly patients with chronic hepatitis C infection cannot tolerate standard combination therapy. In this randomized, controlled trial, the efficacy and safety of peginterferon alpha‐2b plus a low and escalating dose of ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C patients with high viral load genotype 1 were investigated. Sixty‐two patients were randomized into combination therapy with standard ribavirin dosing (group 1) or low and escalating ribavirin dosing (group 2). Patients were evaluated for safety and efficacy of treatment. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of virological response between the groups throughout the treatment as well as 24 weeks after treatment. However, the response in patients ≥60 years of age was higher in group 1 than in group 2 at early treatment phase (P = 0.015). The prevalence of completion of therapy in patients ≥60 years of age tended to be higher in group 2 than in group 1 (50% vs. 0%, P = 0.055). There was no significant difference in dose modification of peginterferon alpha‐2b between the groups. However, dose modification of ribavirin was significantly more frequent in group 1 than in group 2 (60% vs. 24%, P = 0.005). These data suggest that combination therapy with low and escalating dosing of ribavirin may be safer in elderly patients than that with standard dosing of ribavirin without impairing the treatment response. J. Med. Virol. 87:625–633, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Toward Best Practices for Developing Regional Connectivity Maps

Abstract: To conserve ecological connectivity (the ability to support animal movement, gene flow, range shifts, and other ecological and evolutionary processes that require large areas), conservation professionals need coarse‐grained maps to serve as decision‐support tools or vision statements and fine‐grained maps to prescribe site‐specific interventions. To date, research has focused primarily on fine‐grained maps (linkage designs) covering small areas. In contrast, we devised 7 steps to coarsely map dozens to hundreds of linkages over a large area, such as a nation, province, or ecoregion. We provide recommendations on how to perform each step on the basis of our experiences with 6 projects: California Missing Linkages (2001), Arizona Wildlife Linkage Assessment (2006), California Essential Habitat Connectivity (2010), Two Countries, One Forest (northeastern United States and southeastern Canada) (2010), Washington State Connected Landscapes (2010), and the Bhutan Biological Corridor Complex (2010). The 2 most difficult steps are mapping natural landscape blocks (areas whose conservation value derives from the species and ecological processes within them) and determining which pairs of blocks can feasibly be connected in a way that promotes conservation. Decision rules for mapping natural landscape blocks and determining which pairs of blocks to connect must reflect not only technical criteria, but also the values and priorities of stakeholders. We recommend blocks be mapped on the basis of a combination of naturalness, protection status, linear barriers, and habitat quality for selected species. We describe manual and automated procedures to identify currently functioning or restorable linkages. Once pairs of blocks have been identified, linkage polygons can be mapped by least‐cost modeling, other approaches from graph theory, or individual‐based movement models. The approaches we outline make assumptions explicit, have outputs that can be improved as underlying data are improved, and help implementers focus strictly on ecological connectivity.