Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is Enbrel (Etanercept) Safe and Effective in Treating Patients With Sciatic Nerve Pain Resulting From Lumbar Disc Herniation or Spinal Stenosis

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not Enbrel (etanercept) is safe and effective in treating patients with sciatic nerve pain resulting from lumbar disc herniation or spinal stenosis. STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language primary randomized controlled trials from 20122013. DATA SOURCES: One triple-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, one double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, and one prospective randomized clinical trial were found using PubMed. These studies compared treatment with etanercept to treatment with saline and steroids (dexamethasone or methylprednisolone). OUTCOMES MEASURED: Clinical outcomes of leg and back pain were measured using numeric pain rating scales, global perceived effect (GPE) surveys, and the oswestry disability index (ODI). RESULTS: One triple-blind and one double-blind placebo controlled trial were reviewed, in addition to one prospective randomized trial. Cohen et al did not find any statistically significant differences in pain relief between the etanercept and saline groups, and subjects in the etanercept group did not experience any improvement in disability. Freeman et al found clinically and statistically significant improvements in leg and back pain as well as improvements in disability in the etanercept group when compared to placebo. Ohtori et al found that etanercept provided better pain relief and improvement in disability than dexamethasone. However, this difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the studies reviewed in this paper, the evidence is conflicting in determining whether or not etanercept is safe and effective in treating radiculopathy and sciatica resulting from lumbar herniation and spinal stenosis.
Decision-making following sexual assault: Reporting decisions and exposure to the criminal justice system

Violent crimes represent significant costs to society and survivors; costs which include mental health conditions which may emerge afterward. Victims of sexual assault are at particularly heightened risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Breslau, Davis, Andreski, & Peterson, 1991). Although Crime Victims’ Compensation (CVC) is available to assist with healthcare costs for some individuals who report the event to police (NACVCB, 2009), many crimes are not reported. Theories of crime-reporting behavior suggest that victims decide whether to report crimes to police through the use of a “cost-benefit analysis” (Gottfredson & Gottfredson, 1988, p. 25). Little research, however, has been conducted on how emotional and cognitive sequelae of violent crime affect choices made in the aftermath of a sexual assault. Further, some authors suggest that survivors of sexual assault may experience worsened PTSD symptoms due to participation in the legal system (Campbell & Raja, 1999; Campbell, Wasco, Ahrens, Sefl, & Barnes, 2001; Orth & Maercker, 2004). Yet, this existing body of research lacks comparisons of those who report the crime to police to those who do not, and does not account for post-event PTSD symptom severity. This study collected survey data from 834 male and female participants who reported experiencing an unwanted or forced sexual event. Researchers found that, in addition to assault characteristics and victim perceptions of the event, symptoms of PTSD accounted for a significant portion of the variance in reporting behavior. Specifically, avoidance symptoms decreased report likelihood, while re-experiencing and hyperarousal symptoms increased the probability of police notification. As greater avoidance symptom severity is thought to be related to chronic and severe cases of PTSD (Foa & Cahill, 2001), it is notable that these symptoms may also reduce the likelihood of police notification. In particular, these results suggest
Biomechanical simultation for surgery planning: osteogenic distraction of the mandible

In the biomechanical modeling for computer-aided surgery planning in the oral and maxillofacial area the situation at the temporomandibular joint is especially complex and, at the same time, important. We study the effects of a surgical method used for the correction of certain craniofacial deformities, the so-called osteogenic callus distraction. In the case of a median distraction of the mandible, the lower jaw is gradually widened by moving the left and right halves apart from each other (approximately 1mm per day). The biomechanical modeling is eventually intended to give insight into the bone loads – stresses, strains and forces – caused by forcing the condylar head of the mandible towards the articular eminence of the temporal bone. Here, we suggest as a first step an approach to represent the distraction process on the mandible and callus regions alone, without consideration of restrictions near the joint. Résumé. Dans la modélisation biomécanique pour la planification chirurgicale assistée par ordinateur il y a des problèmes particulièrement difficiles et, au même temps, importants. Nous étudions les effets d’une intervention chirurgicale permettant d’allonger ou créer de l’os, la distraction osseuse. En cas d’une distraction médiane, la mandibule est fragilisée par une ostéotomie et, après une a période de latence postopératoire qui permet la formation d’un cal précoce, ce cal sera distracté par degrés, a raison de 1 mm par jour. Le but final de la modélisation biomécanique est d’obtenir une meilleure compréhension des efforts qu’ expériencent les os à cause de l’ expansion de la mandibule. Nous proposons comme un premier pas une approche pour représenter le processus de distraction seulement sur les regions de la mandibule et du cal, sans considérer des restrictions près? de la jointure temporo-maxillaire .
GIS Cellular Automata Using Artificial Neural Network for Land Use Change Simulation of Lagos, Nigeria

Tremendous land use change has occurred in Lagos in recent times. Modelling urban systems now extends beyond the use of geographic information systems models. This research therefore presents a loose coupling of geographic information systems and artificial neural network for simulating land use change in Lagos. The experiment is based on three land use epochs of Lagos: 1963-1978, 1978-1984, and 1984-2000. Twelve salient land use explanatory variables (distance to water, distance to residential structures, distance to industrial and commercial centres, distance to major roads, distance to railway, distance to Lagos Island, distance to international airport, distance to international seaport, distance to University of Lagos, distance to Lagos State University, income potential, and population potential) are used for the simulation. Using the Kappa statistic, the result of the simulation in terms of the order of best-fit of the reference data is: 1978-1984, 1984-2000, and 1963-1978. An evaluation of the simulation using the receiver operating characteristics corroborates the Kappa estimates. A non black-box experiment using a one-neuron neural network to assess the performance of the spatial independent variables used for the simulation indicates that for all three epochs distance to residential structures has the highest impact in the simulation while population potential has the lowest impact.
The Effect Value Orientation, Ecological Knowledge, Ecological Affect, Internal Locus of Control on Green Purchase Intention

Environmental issue such as global warming become highlight issue in the world. Some environmental issue pointed out as the effect of consumer behavioral which ignored the effect of purchasing to the environmental conservation. For this time environmental issue becoming the important factor for the consumer in considering product choosing, even in choosing diapers. This study aims to examine the influence of value orientations on ecological knowledge and ecological affect. This research also aims to investigate the influence of ecological knowledge on ecological affect, also to investigate the influence of ecological knowledge, ecological affect, internal locus of control on green purchase intention. The sampling method is nonprobability sampling with purposive sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire survey. The sample in this study consisted of 229 women aged over 17 years old and who have children aged 0 to 24 months in Yogyakarta. The study was based on the confirmatory model. Structural equation modeling (SEM) by using AMOS statistical program used to test validity and reliability of the instrument, the goodness of fit model and the relationship hypothesized in the theoretical model proposed. Findings from structural models have proved nearly all the hypothesized relationships. This study reveals that value orientations have a positive effect on ecological knowledge but the effect of value orientations on ecological affect is not supported. Ecological knowledge has a positive effect on ecological affect. Ecological knowledge and internal locus of control have a positive effect on green purchase intention, but the effect of ecological affect on green purchase intentions is not supported.
Analysis of a Stock–Recruit Relationship for Red King Crab off Kodiak Island, Alaska

Abstract Waters of the northern Gulf of Alaska around Kodiak Island once supported the world's largest fishery for the red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus. Commercial fisheries began at low levels in the 1930s, increasing rapidly in the 1960s to a peak harvest of 42,800 metric tons in 1965. Stock abundance declined sharply in the late 1960s, moderated in the 1970s, and crashed in the early 1980s. A commercial fishery closure since 1983 has not resulted in stock recovery. To improve understanding of stock dynamics, we examined spawner–recruit (S-R) relationships for the Kodiak red king crab stock. The shape of the S-R relationship helps describe average stock productivity at different stock levels, thus relating directly to fishery management objectives. Due to limited female data, we used only male data and two currencies of male abundance as a proxy for spawners: either (1) all males greater than or equal to 125 mm carapace length (CL) or (2) legal males (≥145 mm CL). Due to age uncertainty, we considered lag times of 5 to 8 years between reproduction and recruitment. Residuals from fitting a standard Ricker model were strongly negative for brood years from the mid-1970s to the mid-1980s and positive from the early to mid-1990s. A Ricker model with autocorrelated errors resulted in better fits with corrected Akaike's information criterion (AICc) values minimized for a 5-year lag using all males. Among model configurations, estimates of peak production ranged from 2.0 to 3.4 million recruits from a range of 11.3 to 37.7 million males. A model separating the time series into three productivity periods corresponding to different ecological regimes further improved model fit. Although abundances of both spawners and recruits have been less than 1.0 million males since 1985, depensation at low stock sizes was not detected. Future analyses will examine the contribution of ecological and environmental factors to crab recruitment.
Marketing Development Strategy in Chinese Companies Working in the Medical Devices Industry

This article describes the peculiarity and marketing strategy development for the quick growth of Chinese companies working in the Medical Devices field in the international market. This strategy is analyzed through the perspective of Chinese traditional values, particularly based on the work of Sun Tzu, The Art of War, where the main strategy principles mentioned are moral virtue, foreknowledge, dispositions, adaptability, and strategic advantage. The researchers use interviews with top and middle level managers of several companies and their own experiences to describe the policy of marketing activities undertaken by these Chinese companies in recent years.
Downscaling planning's fashions: network formation and application in the small city

Small cities in Australia are typically home to growing populations and changing economies. Many of the issues central to the politics and planning of metropolitan Australia resonate here, yet these smaller cities also have their own tensions in planning and development. They are important spaces for exploring key planning concepts for the Twenty-First Century. The application of contemporary planning concepts to these cities is not simply a process of downscaling existing metropolitan models. Using the example of "20-minute" neighbourhoods, increased urban density and walkability metrics, (concepts drawn from, among others, metropolitan Portland, Oregon) this paper considers their application as planning concepts in Bendigo Australia. The paper considers the very real limitations to policy acceptance and suitability in locations where the metropolitan diseconomies of scale, including congestion and housing costs, are less evident and where scope for innovative niche development markets is limited. The paper reviews recent policy along with interviews with local planners to explore the attraction, success and limitations of 'downscaling' metropolitan planning concepts to smaller cities and the suitability of methods of enquiry that seek to understand assemblages of dynamic networks in framing planning problems and mobilizing and maintaining networks of support.
The role of corticotrophin-releasing hormone in the diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome

Background: Corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) was identified by Vale and co-workers in 1981 and has since been used extensively in the diagnosis of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome (CS). It was hoped that the CRH test would discriminate between pituitary and ectopic ACTH secretion. In adults, a rise from basal to peak plasma cortisol of ≥ 20% and ACTH of >50% is consistent with Cushing's disease (CD). Methods: Twenty-seven paediatric patients, with CD (mean age±S.D. 13.1±3.2; range 6.4-17.8 years) were investigated in our centre between 1982 and 2005. Results: During the CRH test, all patients showed an increase in cortisol of > 20% (range 106-5 54%). In one patient with ectopic ACTH syndrome, there was no increase in cortisol after CRH. In six paediatric patients with CS due to primary adrenal hyperplasia, no patient showed an increase in cortisol after CRH of >1%. Conclusions: A further suggested use of CRH is to increase the sensitivity of the central to peripheral and interpetrosal ratios of ACTH during inferior petrosal sinus catheterisation (IPSS). Bilateral IPSS with human CRH (hCRH) has been performed in our unit in 21 children with CD, as part of the preoperative preparation prior to trans-sphenoidal surgery (TSS). Its principal role was to identify the site of the microadenoma. Sixteen of 21 patients (76%) who underwent IPSS with hCRH were cured following TSS. In our view, the CRH test is of value during IPSS by clarifying the position of the microadenoma and in this way contributed to the overall outcome of TSS in paediatric patients with CD.
Prediction of spatial distribution for some land use allometric characteristics in land use planning models with geostatistic and Geographical Information System (GIS) (Case study: Boein and Miandasht, Isfahan Province, Iran)

Although traditional census can present unbiased information about different land uses, it is spatial independent and do not present particular information about spatial distribution of studied characteristic. In this study, we used geostatistic and Geographical Information System (GIS) to estimate some different land uses allometric characteristics in Isfahan Province (Iran). Thus, samples information was surveyed considering their geographic position in the studied area. After optimizing variogram parameters, empirical variogram was prepared to investigate spatial structure of different land uses allometric characteristics. Our results confirme that spatial structure for the quantitative characteristics of different land uses has a moderate degree of spatial correlation, except for type variable that has no spatial structure. Nugget effect for variogram obtained from the quantitative characteristics of different land uses was equal to 35 to 64%. We used ordinary Kriging for preparing Kriging map and Kriging standard deviation of different land uses. Also, we used geostatistic and GIS to compare geostatistical and algebraic interpolation methods and nine different interpolation methods (Kriging, local polynomial methods, inverse distance weighted, radial basis functions, global polynomial, moving average weighted, natural neighbor, nearest neighbor and triangulation with Linear Interpolation) were investigated. Spatial distribution of different land uses quantitative characteristics were validated with ordinary Kriging and algebraic methods. Our results confirm that ordinary Kriging has more accuracy than other methods for spatial prediction of different land uses quantitative characteristics. Key words : Geostatistic, interpolation method, land use allometric characteristics, Kriging.
Nutritional and health functions of carbohydrate for pigs

The greatest progress in carbohydrate study in pig nutrition and health is that the carbohydrates are classifi ed more clearly not only based on their structure, but also on their nutritional functions. Carbohydrates serve as components of cell structures, energy substrate and have regulatory functions. There are large differences in the digestion, absorption and the speed of the carbohydrates appearance in the portal vein blood plasma. Non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and particularly soluble one and resistant starch (RS) may have negative effects on dietary nutrient utilization in pig growth, however, some of the NSP and RS have health benefi ts.
ARCHAEOBIM: AN INNOVATIVE METHOD FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF AN ETRUSCAN TEMPLE IN MARZABOTTO

The digital reconstruction of the recently discovered Tuscanic temple of Uni in Marzabotto gave the chance to test the application of the Building Information Modeling (BIM) process to the combined fields of Archaeology and Engineering. In addition to the traditional historic and archaeological analysis, a new methodology in Experimental Archaeology is proposed; it proved to be original and innovative in the examination of the buried building, taking advantage of technologies focused on the architectural reliability validated by inferred digital models.
A SURVEY ON HARDWARE PLATFORMS FOR BIG DATA ANALYTICS

The Aim of this paper is to provide an in-depth analysis of different platforms available for performing big data analytics. We carried out different hardware platforms available for big data analytics Also we try to assesses the advantages and drawbacks of each of these platforms based on various metrics such as real-time processing, data size supported ,scalability, data I/O rate, fault tolerance. Some of the critical characteristics described here can potentially aid the readers in making an informed decision about the right choice of platforms depending on their computational needs.
Voting and Power in the Small Firm: Alternatives to the One-Share, One-Vote Rule

The one-share, one-vote rule applicable to the governance of most business firms provides for proportional voting power which differs substantially from proportional shareholdings of investors. This problem is particularly acute in small firms where several (or many) shareholders may hold significant proportions of shares. This paper reviews well-known game theoretic algorithms (weighting or vote assignment schemes) for the alignment of power with proportional shareholdings. It also provides a simple measure of the “misalignment of power from proportional shareholdings” and discusses its application in determining more equitable vote reassignment schemes.
Multicultural Policy and Political Support in European Democracies

In response to growing demographic diversity, European countries have selectively implemented political multiculturalism, a set of policies that seek to redefine prevailing conceptions of national identity. We explore the consequences of such policies for mass political support. Applying multi-level modeling to the 2002 and 2010 waves of the European Social Survey and analyzing multiple dependent variables including trust in regime institutions and assessments of the government of the day and the political system’s performance, we show that the extensive adoption of multicultural policies magnifies the degree to which hostility to immigration is negatively associated with political support. This finding, robust to multiple specifications, is corroborated using European Values Survey data. It underscores how policies that challenge citizens’ conceptions of national identity strengthen the link between opposition to immigration and political discontent, furnishing ongoing opportunities for rightist fringe parties to capitalize on anti-immigrant sentiment among the politically alienated.
How satisfying is rural life? Fact and value

textabstractABSTRACT It is widely believed that life in the country is more satisfying than life in the city. This belief is propagated in romantic arts as well as in some social scientific theories. The belief is firmly rooted in public opinion, especially in the most urbanized parts of the world. This idea is not without consequences for planological decisions. The belief is false however. Analysis of various studies on life-satisfaction shows no advantage of rural dwelling. In developed countries rural people tend to be equally satisfiied with life as city-people. In the underdeveloped countries rural dwellers are markedly less happy than city-dwellers. Some explanations for the discrepancy between belief and reality are suggested.
Structuring effects of climate-related environmental factors on Antarctic microbial mat communities.

Both ground-based and satellite data show that parts of Antarctica have entered a period of rapid climate change, which already affects the functioning and productivity of limnetic ecosystems. To predict the consequences of future climate anomalies for lacustrine microbial communities, we not only need better baseline information on their biodiversity but also on the climate-related environmental factors structuring these communities. Here we applied denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of the small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) to assess the genetic composition and distribution of Cyanobacteria and eukaryotes in 37 benthic microbial mat: samples from east Antarctic lakes. The lakes were selected to span a wide range of environmental gradients governed by differences in lake morphology and chemical limnology across 5 ice-free oases. Sequence analysis of selected DGGE bands revealed a high degree of potential endemism among the Cyanobacteria (mainly represented by Oscillatoriales and Nostocales), and the presence of a variety of protists (alveolates, stramenopiles and green algae), fungi, tardigrades and nematodes, which corroborates previous microscopy-based observations. Variation partitioning analyses revealed that the microbial mat community structure is largely regulated by both geographical and local environmental factors of which salinity (and related variables), lake water depth and nutrient concentrations are of major importance. These 3 groups of environmental variables have previously been shown to change drastically in Antarctica in response to climate change. Together, these results have obvious consequences for predicting the trajectory of biodiversity under changing climate conditions and call for the continued assessment of the biodiversity of these unique ecosystems.