Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Soils Classification System on the Basis of Dmt and Cpt Data

The paper presents methods of the soils classification on the basis of DMT and CPT data obtained from Warsaw University of Life Sciences campus. The applied methods use the features selection such as Fast Correlation-Based Filter (FCBF), Fisher measure, Correlation-based Feature Selection (CFS) and the automatic classifiers in the form of Support Vector Machine (SVM) and k Nearest Neighbours to estimate the soil category. The starting point are the data from CPT and DMT probes in the form of m x n matrix. The results of experiments have shown that the proposed numerical features of similar nature are strongly related with the soils types. The features collected from the DMT tests are: the A pressure, required to just begin to, move the membrane ("lift-off"), the B pressure, required to move the center of the membrane 1.1 mm against the soil, a third reading C ("closing pressure") can also optionally be taken by slowly deflating the membrane soon after B is reached,  [kN/m 3 ], vo [MPa], u [MPa]. These descriptors have been used as the diagnostic features forming inputs to the automatic classifier, which performs the final recognition of soil profiles. The average discrepancy rate between the score of our system and the human expert results, estimated on the basis of 625 measurements, is below 5%. The proposed method appears to be useful for the automatic classification of the soil profiles. The obtained results have shown that the system is able to recognize seven different soil profiles with good statistical accuracy and good concordance with experts. This result gives good hope to apply the system for supporting and accelerating the geotechnical process of soil profiles measurement. Moreover the system allows to save the time of manual analysis of the data in comparison to the human expert assessment and to accelerate the research in this area.
Language and Literacy in Bilingual Children

Bilingual development is of scientific interest for (at least) two reasons: It is an experiment that tests the human language acquisition capacity, and it is a widespread social phenomenon with poorly understood consequences for children. Oller and Eilers’s book is of scientific interest for both these reasons as well. In the mid to late 1990s, Oller, Eilers, and their colleagues in the Miami, F lorida area undertook a massive investigation of the effects of bilingualism and bilingual education, studying over 900 children in the MiamiDade county public schools. They assessed the oral language and literacy skills of U.S. born monolingual and bilingual children in Kingergarten (5-year-olds), second grade (seven-year-olds), and fifth grade (10-year-olds). The study was masterfully designed and executed. Because the Hispanic population of South Florida is well represented across social strata, the study provided for a comparison of monolingual and bilingual children unconfounded by socioeconomic status (SES). Because the school system has two neighborhood schools that provide two-way bilingual education (with 40% of instruction in Spanish) and other schools that provide bilingual education through English immersion with only a small amount of instruction in Spanish, the effects of these two instructional methods could be compared in samples that were not self-selected. Another unique and valuable aspect of this study is that the bilingual children’s skills in both English and Spanish were assessed. This book is a multipart report of this study. Twelve chapters, each authored by one or more members of the research team, present the study in four parts: (1) the background, including a discussion of the political issues surrounding bilingual education, a summary of the previous literature, a description of the design, and a description of the demographics and education system in South F lorida that make the design possible (2) the findings with respect to the children’s use of English and Spanish and their levels of proficiency in each language as assessed by standardized tests (3) the results of the investigations using several researcher-designed tasks, which included a study of children’s narrative performance in each language, tests of the children’s mastery of grammatical devices in each language, and an investigation of the children’s skill at a posited measure of phonological awareness, and (4) a summary and conclusions. The book is not an easy read because the issues, the design, and the findings are complex. (The basic design yields a MANOVA table with 38 sources of variance.) The authors do an excellent job, however, 101
Evaluation of new molecules against scarlet mite, Raoiella indica Hirst in arecanut

Scarlet mite Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) is an important sucking pest on young arecanut palms during dry weather in areca growing tracts. The registered insecticides that provide adequate control of the pests need repeated application in higher doses which result in adverse effects on the environment and health. In order to circumvent the problems, replacement of conventional insecticides with new powerful molecules at lower dose is necessary. Hence, a replicated field experiment was conducted at five different locations for two consecutive years (2008/2009 and 2009/2010). Two sprays each of the new molecules fenazaquin (10EC at 1.5 ml/L), diafenthiuran (50WP at 1.2 g/L) and propargite (57EC at 0.5 ml/L) were compared with wettable sulphur (80% WDG at 2.5 g/L), dicofol (20EC at 2.5 ml/L), azadirachtin 1300 ppm (0.03% at 3 ml/L) and untreated control. Pooled results showed that five days after spray, all the treatments recorded significantly less number of mites (per cm2 leaf) as against control. Propargite and diafenthiuran were on par with each other and were significantly superior over dicofol and wettable sulphur by registering the lowest number of mites. Fenazaquin was on par with dicofol and wettable sulphur with less number of mites. However, the botanical azadirachtin recorded maximum number of mites. Results suggested that the new molecules, propargite (57EC at 0.5 ml/L) or diafenthiuran (50WP at 1.2 g/L) can be used for effective management of mites in arecanut. Further, fenazaquin (10EC at 1.5 ml/L) can also be used as an alternative to existing conventional insecticides. Key words: Raoiella indica Hirst, arecanut mite management.
Regulation of the glutamate transporter EAAC1 by expression and activation of δ‐opioid receptor

Glutamate transporters play an essential role in regulating temporal and spatial glutamate concentration in the synaptic cleft. The excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1) is a neuronal‐specific transporter. Opioid receptors are found to modulate the glutamatergic system in brain, but the regulatory mechanism remains to be investigated. Here we report that the δ‐opioid receptor (DOR) co‐expressed with EAAC1 in Xenopus oocytes, but not the µ‐opioid receptor, down‐regulates EAAC1 function, and that [d‐Pen2,5]‐enkephalin stimulation of DOR can counteract the down‐regulation of the EAAC1‐mediated uptake. Results from co‐immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence microscopy in both oocytes and rat hippocampal neurons indicate co‐localization and suggest direct interaction between DOR and EAAC1. The results suggest that DOR can reduce EAAC1 function by direct protein–protein interaction and that activation of DOR releases the inhibitory interaction. We suggest that this mechanism may be important for modulation of the glutamatergic system following opioid stimulation.
Coding Self Representations: Linking Postural Dynamics to Egocentric Tuning

The modern concept of the neural representation of the self, evoked in circumstances where the body is dynamically engaged in intentional actions, has evolved from several experimental legacies traced to the notion of the motor image [1-3]. This image is so designated to indicate a covert action undertaken only mentally and as a simulation of a non-executed action. In its current understanding the motor image represents the feature elements of an intended motor trajectory, that is, the projected series of motions that will be executed in a motor plan. Accordingly, it contains the signal features needed for plan execution [4].
Search for decompensation risk factors within the EGPRN multimorbidity’s definition themes. Cohort pilot study, follow up at 18 months in nursing home

Chronic diseases are widely expanding, notably because of ageing population. Actual practice guidelines basing on a disease approach are not suitable anymore. Multimorbidity and its outcomes heavily matter, especially in Nursing Homes (NH) residents. Management of multimorbidity has become a daily challenge for General Practitioners (GPs). This study’s objective was to highlight some risk factors of decompensation of multimorbidity. Methods : A prospective cohort study was carried out in Lanmeur’s NH from July 2014 to December 2015. Patients matching the European General Practitioners Research Network (EGPRN)’s definition of multimorbidity were included. Decompensation corresponded to death or a hospitalization lasting at least seven successive days. Eighteen months after inclusion, patients were classified in two groups, "Decompensation" ("D") or "Nothing to Report" ("NTR"), depending on their status. A logistic regression following a Cox model was performed to identify potential risk factors. Results : 64 patients were included. After eighteen months, 31 belonged to the group "D" and 33 to the group "NTR". The multivariate analysis using a Cox’s model, brought out two variables statistically significant : pain (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 2.18; 95% CI [1.07-4.44], p-value= 0.012) and unhealthy lifestyle (no healthy diet, physical activity nor correct hygiene) (HR= 2.53 ; 95% CI [1.23-5.19], p=0.033). Conclusion : Pain and unhealthy way of life were suggested to increase the risk of death or hospitalization among the multimorbid elderly living in nursing homes. More powerful studies after some methodological adjustments are needed to confirm these findings.
Greater Interference from Living Mulches than Weeds in Organic Broccoli Production

Twelve winter cover crops were planted in Citra and Live Oak, FL, in 2004, to evaluate their potential for use as living mulches in organic vegetable production: black oat, rye, annual ryegrass, hard fescue, two cultivars of white clover, berseem clover, crimson clover, subterranean clover, arrowleaf clover, barrel medic, and a hybrid disc × strand medic cultivar. The best canopy development and weed suppression occurred with black oat, rye, and annual ryegrass. In 2005, black oat, two rye cultivars, and annual ryegrass were evaluated as living mulches in broccoli at Citra and Live Oak, using organic production methods. ‘Florida 401’ (FL 401) rye was tallest, black oat was intermediate, and ‘Wrens Abruzzi’ (WA) rye and ‘Gulf’ ryegrass were of similar height and were the shortest living mulches. Biomass harvested at 12 and 13 wk after planting at Citra and Live Oak, respectively, was greatest with FL 401 rye. At Live Oak, the three other mulches had similar amounts of biomass; however, at Citra, black oat biomass was greater than that of WA rye, and biomass of ryegrass was lowest. The greatest weed infestation occurred with the weedy control. Weed biomass was highest with the weedy control, intermediate with ryegrass, and lowest with rye and black oat. However, the biomass of the weedy control was lower than that of the living mulches plus any associated weeds. Marketable broccoli yield was highest with the weed-free control. Yields with black oat, WA rye, and ryegrass were similar to that of the weedy control, whereas yield with the FL 401 rye was lower than with the weedy control. Suppression of living mulches by mowing at 3 and 7 wk after planting had no effect on broccoli growth or yield. Nomenclature: Annual ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum Lam. ; arrowleaf clover, Trifolium vesiculosum Savi, barrel medic, Medicago truncatula Gaertn. , berseem clover Trifolium alexandrinum L. , black oat, Avena strigosa Shreb. , broccoli, Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck. , cereal rye, Secale cereale L. , crimson clover Trifolium incarnatum L. , disc × strand medic hybrid, Medicago tornata (L.) Mill. × Medicago littoralis Rohde ex Loisel. , hard fescue, Festuca longifolia Thuill. , subterranean clover, Trifolium subterraneum L. , white clover, Trifolium repens L
Data analysis through social media according to the classified crime

The amount and variety of data generated through social media sites has increased along with the widespread use of social media sites. In addition, the data production rate has increased in the same way. The inclusion of personal information within these data makes it important to process the data and reach meaningful information within it. This process can be called intelligence and this meaningful information may be for commercial, academic, or security purposes. An example application is developed in this study for intelligence on Twitter. Crimes in Turkey are classified according to Turkish Statistical Institute criminal data and keywords are defined according to this data. A total of 150,000 tweet data in the Turkish language are collected from Twitter between specified dates and processed by Turkish Zemberek natural language processing. It is seen that 56 % of the people are talking about terrorist attacks and bombing attacks on the study dates. The words "bomb", "terror", "attack", "organization", and "explode" have percentages of 24 %, 12 %, 8 %, 6 %, and 6 %, respectively. Moreover, associations between words and situations are found. Correlations are important to create new subclusters like "terror" and "rape" in this study with 0.90 correlation. Bigger masses can be accessible by expanding keyword groups to have a clear picture of the real situation.
A systematic revision of Edwardsiidae (Cnidaria, Anthozoa)

Difficulties in addressing relationships among sea anemones are explored in the context of a revision of the family Edwardsiidae. This family has been important in discussions of relationships within Zoantharia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa), but has been poorly characterized. Genera within Edwardsiidae are characterized by a mosaic distribution of a few key characters whose actual distribution is not well understood; generalized and idealized morphology, rather than the actual distribution of characters, has been previously used to delimit genera. Micro- anatomy of muscles and the body wall, qualitative and quantitative information about muscle shape, and nematocyst size are combined with 18s rDNA sequences in a cladistic analysis. The results demonstrate that some traditional diagnostic features support groups different from those previously recognized. Character support is identified for several previously proposed taxa or clades, including the genus Edwardsiella and a clade containing Nematostella and Drillactis. Edwardsiidae and several of its genera are monophyletic; however, groups within the subfamily Edwardsiinae require revision and recircumscription. The genus Edwardsia is paraphyletic, and these data do not resolve Edwardsia species into monophyletic groups. Additional key word.s: sea anemones, Actiniaria
The Ecology of Interfaces: Riparian Zones

Riparian zones possess an unusually diverse array of species and environmental processes. The ecological diversity is related to variable flood regimes, geographically unique channel processes, altitudinal climate shifts, and upland influences on the fluvial corridor. The resulting dynamic environment supports a variety of life-history strategies, biogeochemical cycles and rates, and organisms adapted to disturbance regimes over broad spatial and temporal scales. Innovations in riparian zone management have been effective in ameliorating many ecological issues related to land use and environmental quality. Riparian zones play essential roles in water and landscape planning, in restoration of aquatic systems, and in catalyzing institutional and societal cooperation for these efforts.
Feeding behaviour of Lumbriculus variegatus as an ecological indicator of in situ sediment contamination

3 Acknowledgements 5 List of Tables 15 List of Figures 18 1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 23 1.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 23 1.2 ESTABLISHED SEDIMENT ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES 24 1.2. 1 Chemistry-based assessments and sediment quality values 24 1.2. 2 Macro-invertebrate community analysis 26 1.2. 3 Laboratory-based invertebrate bioassays 28 1.2. 4 Integrated “weight of evidence” approaches 30 1.3 FIELD (IN SITU) BIOASSAYS 31 1.3. 1 Pros and cons with in situ bioassays for sediment assessment 32 1.3. 2 Single species in situ bioassays and sub-lethal endpoints 34 1.3. 3 Feeding inhibition as a bioassay endpoint 35 1.3. 4 Feeding inhibition as an in situ bioassay endpoint 37 1.4 SELECTION OF FEEDING INHIBITION OF LUMBRICULUS VARIEGATUS AS AN IN SITU BIOASSAY ENDPOINT 38
Biphasic Geographic Variation in Sexual Size Dimorphism of Turtle (Mauremys leprosa) Populations Along an Environmental Gradient in Morocco

Abstract The varying influences of selective forces throughout a species' range can result in geographic variation in sexual size dimorphism (SSD). The Moroccan turtle, Mauremys leprosa, occupies an extremely wide variety of ecoregions and habitats, including coastal rivers, mountain streams, oases, and intermittent rivers in the northern fringe of the Sahara Desert. To assess geographic variation in SSD, we collected specimens along an environmental gradient in central Morocco, including Oued (River) Ksob on the Atlantic coast, Oued Zat in the High Atlas Mountain foothills, and Oued Drâa in the Sahara Desert. Only turtles with conspicuous secondary sexual characteristics were included in our analysis. We calculated a sexual dimorphism index (SDI) using the mean size of the larger sex divided by the mean size of the smaller sex and subtracted one from that ratio. The direction of SSD was biphasic: in one population males and females exhibited the same body size, whereas, in two other populations, females were larger than males. Mean straight-line carapace lengths of males and females were not statistically different at Oued Ksob (SDI = 0.08), and females were relatively small. In contrast, females from Oued Zat were significantly larger than males (SDI = 0.56) and females were larger than those from Oued Ksob. SSD was most dramatic at Oued Drâa (SDI = 0.92) and much greater than any value previously reported for the species, with females exhibiting a mean carapace length greater than those in the other 2 rivers. A 2 × 3 factorial analysis of variance that compared the mean size of the sexes among the 3 sites yielded a significant SEX × LOCALITY interaction (p < 0.001), which demonstrated geographic variation in SSD. Geographic variation in SSD appears to represent the interaction of natural and sexual selection on growth rates and maturity schedules of males and females in different environments.
Absence of kin structure in a population of the group-living rodent octodon degus

Variation in sociality may have an important impact on population genetic structure. In highly social species, the formation of kin clusters leads to decreasing variation within but increasing genetic variation among social groups. Studies on less social species in which social groups may be more short lived have revealed a greater diversity of consequences on the genetic structure of populations. Thus, studies on populations of less social species can more precisely highlight how social structure and genetic structure covary in wild populations. We explored the relationship between natal dispersal and social structuring (i.e., whether social group are composed of kin) at the local population in a social rodent, Octodon degus, using a combination of direct (capture--mark--recapture) and indirect (codominat genetic markers) methods. Previous studies of degus indicated that social groups were characterized by high turnover rate of group members and no sex bias dispersal. As we expected, there was an absence of correlation between social and genetic structure; moreover, social groups were not characterized by high levels of genetic relatedness (R: no different form background population). Direct and indirect (corrected assignment index) methods revealed an absence of sex-biased dispersal. Moreover, this method reveled that our study population was composed of resident and immigrant individuals. Moreover, dispersal distances have no effect on kin structure as reveled by the spatial genetic autocorrelation analysis. Beside some degree of offspring association (R: among juveniles of a same group higher than background population), high turnover rate, dispersal, and perhaps a promiscuous or polyandry mating system seem to avoid a kin genetic structure, thereby limiting the opportunity for the evolution of kin-selected social behavior. Copyright 2011, Oxford University Press.
Experimental Chronic Exposure of the Foraminifer Pseudotriloculina rotunda to Zinc

Miliolid (calcareous imperforated test) foraminifera have large diffusion all over the world in a wide range of marine environ- ments, but their distributional pattern in relation to heavy metal pollution is not clearly understood yet. The aim of this study was to better understand the biological response of the miliolid species Pseudotriloculina rotunda to experimental chronic exposure at several zinc con- centrations. The duration of the experiment was 10 weeks, and six different concentrations of zinc were tested between 0 and 100 mg/L. Increasing zinc concentrations led to increasing delay or to complete cease of the new chambers' construction, with consequences on growth rates and affected vitality and biomass variations at medium to high concentrations. Moreover, our results showed that, even at high concen- trations, zinc did not cause macroscopic test deformities due to anomalous arrangements of chambers.
Concentration of fixed plankton samples via settling: how long is long enough?

Enumerating plankton cells, especially ciliates, usually requires settling of samples in order to concentrate the cells. Poorly settled samples could introduce large errors into plankton counts. The time sufficient to settle all ciliates has, however, never been established in the literature. Here, using both theoretical and empirical studies, we suggest improvements of the current method, which mostly relies on experience to determine settling times. Ciliate density was used to calculate the theoretical settling time of fixed ciliates with the Stokes equation. To determine ciliate density (g mL 21 ), we modified and established a density gradient centrifugation method. We found that ciliate density was in the range 1.02‐1.08 g mL 21 . Additionally, empirical sinking rates were gathered semiautomatically with a digital camera system. The theoretical and experimental settling times were in the same range, though there were differences for some species. From this, we recommend working with the empirical sinking rates that are more reliable: 0.5 and 1.7 mm min 21 for fixed marine (at salinities of 16 and 40, respectively) samples and 2.4 mm min 21 for fixed freshwater samples. Using these rates potentially saves up to 95% of the time for settling compared to old, experience derived times. Although ciliate density was significantly correlated with settling rates, there was no correlation with particle size and shape.