Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conflict in World Heritage Sites of Kathmandu Valley: A Case Study on the Conservation of Private Houses in Three Durbar Squares

Conflict between heritage management authorities and the local residents has been critical to sustainable management of the World Heritage Sites (WHS) in Kathmandu Valley. This paper attempts to find out the reasons of such conflict by analyzing the facets of prevalent non-compliance of rules and regulations in Kathmandu Valley’s three World Heritage Sites: Hanuman Dhoka, Patan and Bhaktapur Durbar Squares. This is a qualitative analysis of perceptions, understanding and interests of the local people and the heritage management authorities. The paper also reviews the existing national and international policy provisions on conservation of WHS and makes special notes about the conservation of private houses in the WHS. Cases were selected using snow-ball sampling technique. Structured interviews were conducted with key informants including concerned government officials and the local residents. The findings include such reasons of non-compliance of WHS regulations as overlapping and unclear roles of multiple institutions involved in the management of the WHS, lack of public participation in decision making, inadequate economic incentives to locals, ineffective implementation of compliance mechanisms. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/ntdr.v2i1. 7381 Nepal Tourism and Development Review Vol.2(1) 2012 87-104
Benefaction from Carbonation of Flue Gas CO2 as Coal Mining Filling

CO2 capturing, transport and sequestration by pressurized water dissolution and reacting by natural alkali lime and magnesia in coal fly ash or other sources become an industrial advantageous sequestration option resulting in green waste solutions or solid fines. Mg and Ca containing minerals are reacting with CO2 to form carbonates. Various types of fly ash materials may react with CO2 to form carbonate regarding ash composition and reaction parameters. Mineral sequestration of CO2 will also allow using the products in cement industry or as cement material in constructions with low cost. This paper discussed progress on coal mining filling by carbonation method using coal fly ash of Soma, Yatagan, Afsin Elbistan Power Stations. Other filler materials containing coal mine waste shale, fly ashes and foam concrete, and additives were searched for pretreatment methods to enhance cement reactivity; and in analyzing the structural changes to identify reaction paths and potential barriers.
Heat kernel upper bounds on a complete non-compact manifold.

Let M be a smooth connected non-compact geodesically complete Riemannian manifold, ? denote the Laplace operator associated with the Riemannian metric, n = 2 be the dimension of M. Consider the heat equation on the manifold ut - ? u = 0, where u = u(x,t), x I M, t > 0. The heat kernel p(x,y,t) is by definition the smallest positive fundamental solution to the heat equation which exists on any manifold (see [Ch], [D]). The purpose of the present work is to obtain uniform upper bounds of p(x,y,t) which would clarify the behaviour of the heat kernel as t ? +8 and r = dist(x,y) ? +8.
Carbendazim alters kidney morphology, kidney function tests, tissue markers of oxidative stress and serum micro-elements in rats fed protein-energy malnourished diet

The effects protein-energy malnourishment on the kidney morphology, kidney tissue markers of oxidative stress, tissue toxicity and plasma micro-elements in carbendazim-treated adult male Wistar rats were evaluated. Forty rats were divided into 4 groups fed low (4.11%) or normal (17.78%) protein-energy diets (LP and NP, respectively) and orally administered 200 mg carbendazim/kg body weight (LPC; NPC)/day for 14 days. Control groups received oil (LPO; NPO). Carbendazim reduced the relative body weight gains of the rats relative to the NPO, independent of their protein-energy diet status. Significant elevations (ρ < 0.05) in the profiles of MDA, GSH, SOD, total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, urea, Ni, Se and lead were observed in the LPC group relative to the NPO group. The NPC group showed significantly decreased (ρ < 0.05) levels of MDA and Zn relative to the NPO. However, the concentrations of CAT, GSH, total bilirubin, unconjugated bilirubin, Se and As were significantly elevated in the NPC relative to the NPO groups. Although histomorphological changes were observed in the kidney of the carbendazim-treated group on normal protein diet, protein-energy malnutrition did not exacerbate lesions which were contrary to tissue MDA which was elevated in LPC. The alterations in the profiles of tissue markers of oxidative stress, kidney function tests and some micro-nutrients observed in the kidney suggest that the toxic effects of carbendazim is more pronounced in the kidney of protein-energy malnourished rats. Keywords : Carbendazim, protein-energy malnourishment, kidney toxicity, micro-elements.
Neurophenomenology A Defense of Introspection from Within

> Context • We are presently witnessing a revival of introspective methods, which implicitly challenges an impressive list of in-principle objections that were addressed to introspection by various philosophers and by behaviorists. > Problem • How can one overcome those objections and provide introspection with a secure basis? > Results • A renewed definition of introspection as “enlargement of the field of attention and contact with re-enacted experience,” rather than “looking-within,” is formulated. This entails (i) an alternative status of introspective phenomena, which are no longer taken as revelations of some an sich slice of experience, but as full-fledged experiences; and (ii) an alternative view of the validity of first-person reports as “performative coherence” rather than correspondence. A preliminary empirical study of the self-assessed reliability of introspective data using the elicitation interview method is then carried out. It turns out that subjects make use of reproducible processual criteria in order to probe into the authenticity and completeness of their own introspective reports. > Implications • Introspective inquiry is likely to have enough resources to “take care of itself. ” > Constructivist content • It is argued that the failure of the introspectionist wave of the turn of the 19th/20th centuries is mostly due to its unconditional acceptance of the representationalist theory of knowledge, and that alternative non-representationalist criteria of validity give new credibility to introspective knowledge. >
Molecular evidence for the association of a strain of Uganda variant of East African Cassava Mosaic Virus to symptom severity in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) fields in Togo.

Problem statement: This study was carried out to demonstrate that the severity of Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD) in Togo, is not only influenced by synergism between cassava Begomoviruses in presence, but essentially by recombination between the different Begomoviruses infecting cassava. Approach: Foliar samples presenting typical biological features of Begomoviruses infection were collected from cassava and wild infected plants from different regions of Togo and analysed by PCR targeting the Coat Protein (CP). The PCR products obtained from different isolates of two major Begomoviruses species infecting cassava in Togo were then sequenced and compared with the sequenced of the African cassava mosaic Begomoviruses identified to date and available in NCBI GenBank database by phylogenetic analysis. Results: The results indicate that not only the two major Begomoviruses could be in synergistic interaction in infected cassava in Togo as it has been shown between African Cassava Mosaic Virus (ACMV) and East African Cassava Mosaic Virus (EACMV) elsewhere, but could also create recombinants which would be highly interfering in the development of symptom severity in the country. Conclusion/Recommendations: The study confirmed the assumption that the symptom severity in cassava fields in Togo is rather caused by recombination between different Begomoviruses in presence than by synergistic interaction. More investigations should be done to give insight to this founding.
Gating and Residential Segregation. A Case of Indonesia

--------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT----------------------------------------------------------Gating is an effort to control access to the settlement, especially to unwanted social contact. Gating usually manifested on spatial elements such as gate, wall, fence, security check point, swing up portal, etc. at their main entrance. The term gating then relates to gated community as a modern-exclusive residential which is in some cases, reinforce both spatial and social segregation. This paper analyzes gating and its relation to segregation from spatial point of view. The role and function of wall, gate, and border is analyzed to define whether it is a manifestation of security or a matter of life style. This paper concludes gating as both security and life style aspect, and gives influence to semi-restricted segregation.
Franziska ' ' Interactive Storytelling ' ' and Media Enjoyment Forecasting the Experience of Future Entertainment Technology :

Advances in gaming and other entertainment technologies are evolving rapidly and create new conceptual challenges for understanding and explaining the user experiences they can facilitate. The present article reports a prospective study on a particularly promising entertainment technology of the future: Interactive storytelling (IS). Integrating various streams of computing technology, such as advanced visualization, natural speech processing, and autonomous agents, IS systems are envisioned to offer new, personalized and thus unique kinds of entertainment to mass audiences of the future. The authors refer to existing models of media entertainment for a theoretical analysis and analyze expert interviews with members of the international IS development community to lay out the foundations for a forecast model of the entertainment experience of future IS systems. The resulting model organizes 1 Hanover University of Music, Drama, and Media, Hannover, Germany 2 VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands 3 University of Mannheim, Germany Corresponding Author: Christoph Klimmt, Hanover University of Music, Drama, and Media, EXPO-Plaza 12, D-30539 Hannover, Germany Email: christoph.klimmt@ijk.hmtm-hannover.de Games and Culture 7(3) 187-208 a The Author(s) 2012 Reprints and permission: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/1555412012451123 http://gac.sagepub.com at Vrije Universiteit 34820 on May 2, 2013 gac.sagepub.com Downloaded from fundamental requirements, modes of users’ information processing, and specific types of (pleasant) experiences, which holds implications for (future) entertainment theory and research that accompanies further development of IS media.
PRESENTING THE FORMAL THEORY OF HIERARCHICAL

The formal theory of the Model of Hierarchical Complexity is presented. Complexity theories generally exclude the concept of hierarchical complexity; Developmental Psychology has included it for over 20 years. It also applies to social systems and non-human systems. Formal axioms for the Model are outlined. The model assigns an order of hierarchical complexity to every task, using natural numbers, establishing a quantal notion of stage and stages of performance. This formalizes properties of stage theories in psychology. The formal theory of the model enables extending the concept of hierarchical complexity to any field where tasks and their performances exist.
EIF5A2 promotes tumor metastasis and angiogenesis

The pathogenesis of solid tumors is a long-term process involving the accumulation of multiple genetic and epigenetic changes causing activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Gene amplification is one of the most common causes of oncogene activation that plays a critical role in the development and progression of various cancers because over expression of candidate oncogene(s) within the amplicon confers a selective growth advantage. Amplification of the long arm of chromosome 3, especially 3q26, is one of the most frequently detected genomic alterations in various cancers, such as lung cancer [1,
ASSESSMENT OF DISEASES AFFECTING DAIRY CATTLE AND THEIR MANAGEMENT IN MEKELLE

Cross sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence of major diseases affecting dairy cattle as well as their management in dairy farms of Mekelle. Questionnaire survey was done to assess the major dairy cattle diseases and associated risk factors. California Mastitis Test (CMT) was used as a screening test for sub clinical bovine mastitis. A total of 52 respondents with mean age of 43 years were included in the survey. Most of the respondents (73.08%) replied that animal health problem was not a major obstacle. 63.56%, 13.46%, 7.69% and 3.58% of respondents replied that Mastitis, Actinomycosis, Hypocalcaemia and Calf disease, are some of the common diseases respectively. The majority of feed used include straw, hay, milling by-products concentrate mostly wheat bran, none-conventional feeds (Atela) and bean bran. 38.52% of the milk samples collected was positive using CMT screening test and the degrees of positivity were also assessed that 1+, 2+ and 3+ was recorded to be 7.38 %, 28.69 and 2.46%, respectively. During group discussion, it was indicated that majority of the dairy farm owners poorly report diseases occurrences. The bovine mastitis, actinomycosis, hypocalcaemia and calf disease were reported to be the major dairy diseases affecting dairy cattle production in the study area.
Analytical study and numerical experiments for degenerate scale problems in the boundary element method for two‐dimensional elasticity

For a plane elasticity problem, the boundary integral equation approach has been shown to yield a non‐unique solution when geometry size is equal to a degenerate scale. In this paper, the degenerate scale problem in the boundary element method (BEM) is analytically studied using the method of stress function. For the elliptic domain problem, the numerical difficulty of the degenerate scale can be solved by using the hypersingular formulation instead of using the singular formulation in the dual BEM. A simple example is shown to demonstrate the failure using the singular integral equations of dual BEM. It is found that the degenerate scale also depends on the Poisson's ratio. By employing the hypersingular formulation in the dual BEM, no degenerate scale occurs since a zero eigenvalue is not embedded in the influence matrix for any case. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Informatische Grundbildung – ein Ländervergleich

In dieser Publikation wollen wir, basierend auf einer Literaturrecherche, einen Uberblick uber die implementierten bzw. in naher Zukunft geplanten Masnahmen zur informatischen Grundbildung geben, indem ausgewahlte europaische und ausereuropaische Lander gegenubergestellt werden. Zuerst wird erlautert, dass das "Gebaude der informatischen Bildung" durch die 3 Saulen "Informatik", "Digital Literacy" und "Medienbildung" aufgebaut wird. Danach folgt eine Betrachtung der informatischen Bildung im deutschsprachigen Europa. Ein genauerer Blick wird zudem auf die Slowakei, auf Polen und insbesondere auf England geworfen, das mit der Einfuhrung des Unterrichtsfaches "Computing" im Jahr 2014 mit gutem Beispiel vorangeht. Auch international gibt es sehr viel Bewegung, wenn es um die Integration einer fundierten informatischen Grundbildung im Schulsystem geht. Dazu werden Masnahmen in den USA und in Australien beleuchtet und weltweite auserschulische Initiativen genannt.
Genetic variation in the planktonic chaetognaths Parasagitta elegans and Eukrohnia hamata

Two species of planktonic chaetognaths, Parasagitta elegans (Verrill) and Eukrohnia hamata (Mobius), from waters off Japan were analyzed electrophoretically and found to display very low levels of genetic variabhty. Nineteen enzyme loci were examined for 7 population samples of P, elegans, and the proportion of polymorphic loci (P,,,,) and average frequency of heterozygotes per locus (H) were calculated as 0.11 and 0.026, respectively. Fifteen enzyme loci were examined for 2 populations of E. hamata, and and H were calculated as 0.10 and 0.038, respectively. On the basis of allele frequencies at 2 enzyme loci it is possible to suggest that P. elegans population samples collected in the Sea of Japan were reproductively isolated from those in the Oyashio. Moreover it would appear that 4 population samples of P. elegans in the Sea of Japan are representative of a panmictic population. Differences in allele frequencies between population samples of the Oyashio suggest that these populations are genetically structured. It appears that genetic structuring exists in the 2 population samples investigated for E. hamata also. P. elegans and E. hamata expressed no common alleles over all the loci assayed indicating that the 2 species are phylogenetically very distant within the phylum Chaetognatha.
A VLA Study of High-redshift GRBs. I. Multiwavelength Observations and Modeling of GRB 140311A

We present the first results from a recently concluded study of GRBs at z ≳ 5 with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA). Spanning 1 to 85.5 GHz and 7 epochs from 1.5 to 82.3 days, our observations of GRB 140311A are the most detailed joint radio and millimeter observations of a GRB afterglow at z ≳ 5 to date. In conjunction with optical/near-IR and X-ray data, the observations can be understood in the framework of radiation from a single blast wave shock with energy erg expanding into a constant density environment with density, . The X-ray and radio observations require a jet break at days, yielding an opening angle of and a beaming-corrected blast wave kinetic energy of erg. The results from our radio follow-up and multiwavelength modeling lend credence to the hypothesis that detected high-redshift GRBs may be more tightly beamed than events at lower redshift. We do not find compelling evidence for reverse shock emission, which may be related to fast cooling driven by the moderately high circumburst density.
Groupware Support for Software Inspections: The Impact of Group Interaction and Interface on Performance

The software inspection meeting is one of the bestknown techniques for quality assurance in software development and has become a standard practice in many software development groups (Ebenau and Strauss, 1994). The application of groupware has been suggested as a particularly promising way to improve the inspection process (Johnson, 1998). This paper discusses a “research in progress” study that concerns the application of groupware to software inspection meetings. A controlled experimental study involving eighty teams is presently being conducted to address two fundamental research questions relating to the use of groupware to support software inspections: 1) Is it more effective to use groupware in an interactive or nominal group mode? ; and 2) Is it worthwhile to incorporate task structure into the design of the groupware interface? The research design is a 2 X 2 factorial design using the inspection team as the unit of analysis. One independent variable manipulates the type of group interaction (nominal vs. interactive) and the second independent variable manipulates task structure (a partitioned groupware interface vs. an unpartitioned interface). The dependent variable will be team performance.
Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from the Semiconductor Industry

This paper examines the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) in semiconductor fabrication plants in 24 countries over the period 1985 to 2002. Semiconductor investment is of interest because semiconductor manufacturing is a large, high technology industry that is economically important in many advanced and developing countries. Using a unique international dataset of semiconductor fabrication plants, combined with macroeconomic data from home and host countries, we compare FDI and domestic investments to understand what factors explain why a firm invests in a given country as opposed to remaining a purely domestic entity. Our empirical estimates are based on a theoretical framework that uses Tobin's q theory, which is a significant departure from the knowledge-capital models of multinational enterprises that dominate the existing literature. Our results indicate that labor costs and the real exchange rate are important factors in explaining FDI in the semiconductor industry; we find almost no evidence to support gravity-type variables such as distance or language differences as being motivations for FDI in this industry.
The Whorfian Hypothesis: A Cognitive Psychology Perspective

The linguistic relativity (Whorfian) hypothesis states that language influences thought. In its strongest form, the hypothesis states that language controls both thought and perception. Several experiments have shown that this is false. The weaker form of the hypothesis, which states that language influences thought, has been held to be so vague that it is unprovable. The argument presented herein is that the weaker Whorfian hypothesis can be quantified and thus evaluated. Models of cognition developed after Whorf 's day indicate ways in which thought can be influenced by cultural variations in the lexical, syntactical, semantic, and pragmatic aspects of language. Although much research remains to be done, there appears to be a great deal of truth to the linguistic relativity hypothesis. In many ways the language people speak is a guide to the language in which they think.
Carbon and energy exchange by a black spruce – moss ecosystem under changing climate: testing the mathematical model ecosys with data from the BOREAS experiment

There is some uncertainty whether net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of boreal black spruce forests is positive or negative under current climates and how NEP would change under hypothesized changes in future climates. The mathematical model ecosys was used to examine NEP of a boreal black spruce forest by testing rates of C transfer simulated from an integrated set of scientific hypotheses against rates measured with chamber, micrometeorological, isotopic and allometric techniques at the northern old black spruce site of the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS). Daily aggregations of modeled and measured hourly C fluxes indicated that NEP rose with solar radiation if air temperatures remained below 15°C, but declined if air temperatures rose above 20°C. Daily NEP was thus largest under the higher radiation and lower temperatures of June, but declined under the lower radiation and higher temperatures of July and August. Yearly aggregations of modeled hourly C fluxes indicated that under current (1994–1996) climate NEP of the 150 year old northern old black spruce site was about 40 (wood) + 15 (soil) = 55 g C m−2 yr−1. Moss was estimated to contribute about 0.25 of net primary productivity (NPP) at this site and was thus an important component of ecosystem C exchange. The model was then used to predict changes in NEP at the old northern old black spruce site under the IS92a climate change scenario. After 150 years NEP was predicted to be 120 (wood) minus 10 (soil) = 110 g C m−2 yr−1. Cumulative gains of C under this scenario were predicted to be 5700 (wood) minus 700 (soil) = 5000 g C m−2 after 150 years. Gains of wood C would be vulnerable to loss by fire and insects, both of which could also increase under warmer climates.