Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Basal Ganglia Lesions and the Theory of Fronto-Subcortical Loops: Neuropsychological Findings in Two Patients with Left Caudate Lesions

Basal ganglia lesions have a high prevalence for associated behavioural impairments. However, the exact pattern of cognitive impairments and its relationship to individual basal ganglia lesion have rarely been investigated by means of a detailed neuropsychological and lesion study. Furthermore, different mechanisms have been proposed as relevant for the observed cognitive deficits; among these, the hypothesis of fronto-subcortical loops (Alexander et al., 1986) has made predictions regarding the relationship between the damage of particular striato-frontal circuits and the resulting behavioural impairment which await clinical confirmation. We present a study of two subjects who suffered a MRI-documented focal left basal ganglia hematoma. The two patients differed in their lesions; in one patient (PJ) large parts of the caudate nucleus were destroyed whereas in the other (AS) mainly the pallidum and putamen were lesioned and the caudate suffered only minor damage. In the acute phase, the behavioural and neuropsychological abnormalities were similar in both cases and included mainly abulia, an impairment of executive and attentional functions, and a severe amnestic syndrome. After several months many functions were restored in AS, whereas PJ’s abilities remained largely defective. Based on these data and on previous case studies several conclusions are drawn. Left caudate lesions induce marked and long-lasting behavioural and neuropsychological impairments comprising predominantly drive, executive control, attention, and memory. The extent of lesion in the head of the caudate nucleus is the critical factor regarding the severity and the outcome of the syndrome, whereas damage to the putamen and pallidum is less crucial for cognitive functions. A subset of behavioural alterations, among them abulia, attentional and frontal-executive dysfunctions, can well be attributed to lesions of the anterior cingulate circuit and the dorsolateral-frontal circuit at the basal ganglia level. Other impairments, most importantly the prominent amnestic syndrome, are more difficult to interpret on the grounds of this hypothesis and may be related to other pathomechanisms.
Employee driven innovation; A case of implementing high-involvement innovation

This case study describes how a service company aimed to enhance its market position and service quality by a learning project targeted at high-involvement innovation. The case study was accomplished as an action research project spanning nearly two years. The goal for the company was not to undertake any amount of specific innovation, but merely to enhance the foundation for innovation. Five service characteristics are used to describe the challenges the company is facing and the advantages from which it would benefit. A group of employees selected and implemented the improvement projects in collaboration with the rest of the employees. Even though the implemented projects might look generic, the differences are found in the implementation. The projects were adapted to the service company and the case study demonstrates how the projects supported the desired strategy. The conclusion was reached that high-involvement innovation is especially useful for service companies.
Wnt‐mediated regulation of chondrocyte maturation: Modulation by TGF‐β

Wnt proteins are expressed during limb morphogenesis, yet their role and mechanism of action remains unclear during long bone growth. Wnt expression, effects and modulation of signaling events by BMP and transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) were evaluated in chick embryonic chondrocytes. Chondrocyte cell cultures underwent spontaneous maturation with increased expression of colX and this was associated with an increase in the expression of multiple Wnts, including Wnt 4, 5a, 8c, and 9a. Both parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHrP) and TGF‐β inhibited colX, but had disparate effects on Wnt expression. While TGF‐β strongly inhibited all Wnts, PTHrP did not inhibit either Wnt8c or Wnt9a and had lesser effects on the expression of the other Wnts. BMP‐2 induced colX expression, and also markedly increased Wnt8c expression. Overexpression of β‐catenin and/or T cell factor (TCF)‐4 also induced the type X collagen promoter. Overexpression of Wnt8c induced maturation, as did overexpression of β‐catenin. The Wnt8c/β‐catenin maturational effects were enhanced by BMP‐2 and inhibited by TGF‐β. TGF‐β also inhibited activation of the Topflash reporter by β‐catenin, suggesting a direct inhibitory effect since the Topflash reporter contains only β‐catenin binding sequences. In turn β‐catenin inhibited activation of the p3TP‐Luc reporter by TGF‐β, although the effect was partial. Thus, Wnt/β‐catenin signaling is a critical regulator of the rate of chondrocyte differentiation. Moreover, this pathway is modulated by members of the TGF‐β family and demonstrates the highly integrated nature of signals controlling endochondral ossification. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Technology Assessment Need: Review on Attractiveness and Competitiveness

Technology assessment is crucial in managing technology for the purpose of technology exploitation. With business environment continuously changing, firms have to address this issue critically as technology is considered one of the important elements to evaluate performance and gain competitive advantage. Missteps in deciding the best technology to be developed, employed or maintained would cost the firm overall value. To fulfil the need of finding the appropriate scale to assess suitable technology, this paper summarizes that technology assessment (TA) should cover two main aspects, namely technology attractiveness and competitiveness. These components are seen capable to link the scale suggested towards evaluation of financial and non-financial performance towards competitive advantage.
Anti-HBc and HBV-DNA detection in blood donors negative for hepatitis B virus surface antigen

Occult HBV infection is defined as the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in blood or liver tissues in patients negative for Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg). Those patients may or may not be positive for HBV antibodies. The objective of this study is to determine the presence or absence of HBV DNA in the serum samples from HBsAg negative blood donors. In addition we aimed to assess the magnitude of occult HBV infection and to reduce the risk of HBV infection. Over a period of one year a total of 7340 blood units were collected at blood transfusion center in our locality for the prevalence of HBV infection and 180 HBsAg negative blood specimens were randomly selected for anti-HBcIgM, anti-HBs antibody and HBV DNA. Ninety seven out of 7340 collected blood units were positive for HbsAg (1.3%). The randomly selected 180 tested donors revealed 7 (3.8%) positive for antiHBc IgM and 34 (18.8%) were positive for anti-HBs antibodies. Four out of 7 positive for anti-HBc IgM were also positive for anti-HBs and 2/180 (1.1%) specimens were positive for HBV DNA by PCR. Anti-HBc antibody should be tested routinely at any blood transfusion center and if they were positive regardless of anti-HBs titer, the blood should be discarded. Also HBV DNA is preferable to be performed to all blood donors to present completely safe blood transfusion.
G Protein-induced Trafficking of Voltage-dependent Calcium Channels*

Calcium channels are well known targets for inhibition by G protein-coupled receptors, and multiple forms of inhibition have been described. Here we report a novel mechanism for G protein-mediated modulation of neuronal voltage-dependent calcium channels that involves the destabilization and subsequent removal of calcium channels from the plasma membrane. Imaging experiments in living sensory neurons show that, within seconds of receptor activation, calcium channels are cleared from the membrane and sequestered in clathrin-coated vesicles. Disruption of the L1-CAM-ankyrin B complex with the calcium channel mimics transmitter-induced trafficking of the channels, reduces calcium influx, and decreases exocytosis. Our results suggest that G protein-induced removal of plasma membrane calcium channels is a consequence of disrupting channel-cytoskeleton interactions and might represent a novel mechanism of presynaptic inhibition.
THE ROLE OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN THE CORPORATE BRAND BUILDING

Corporate brand will always portray positive image of a business. A good corporate brand is also associated with positive value perception of the stakeholders (consumers, suppliers and even the employees) and shareholders towards the business. The corporate brand has been long-time known as the best strategic distinguisher that differentiates a business with other businesses which simultaneously became a strong competitive advantage against others. In real entrepreneurship world, companies and organizations (mostly profit oriented) have spent noteworthy time and huge investment to develop, manage and protect their corporate brand. There are even organizations that exhaustively spent their significant resources on the ranking and rating of their brands to be the “super-brand” which is also becomes the top corporate brands among others. The corporate brand also broadly viewed as a structured object that can be manipulated, controlled, projected and brought “to life” by an organization. When described in more detail, it is said that “a corporate brand will potentially posses rich heritage, assets and capabilities, people, values and priorities, a local or global frame of reference, citizenship programs, and a performance record
A Descriptive Analysis of Parents of Women Entrepreneurs in Turkey

As recognition of the importance of entrepreneurship to the economy has increased, the profile of entrepreneurs became an interesting issue to discuss. In order to encourage the entrepreneurship of women, it seems to be necessary to clarify the profile of those entrepreneurs by investigating their parents’ educational level or their jobs as motivating factors. In this study the data were collected from 104 women entrepreneurs and 108 women who are not entrepreneurs, but work in the public sector. The results showed that while women entrepreneurs’ parents and especially their fathers had entrepreneurial status, the fathers of women who are not entrepreneurs, but working in a public firm, had governmental status.
Statistical characteristics of cloud variability. Part 1: Retrieved cloud liquid water path at three ARM sites

Statistical characteristics of cloud variability are examined for their dependence on averaging scales and best representation of probability density function with the decade‐long retrieval products of cloud liquid water path (LWP) from the tropical western Pacific (TWP), Southern Great Plains (SGP), and North Slope of Alaska (NSA) sites of the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program. The statistical moments of LWP show some seasonal variation at the SGP and NSA sites but not much at the TWP site. It is found that the standard deviation, relative dispersion (the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean), and skewness all quickly increase with the averaging window size when the window size is small and become more or less flat when the window size exceeds 12 h. On average, the cloud LWP at the TWP site has the largest values of standard deviation, relative dispersion, and skewness, whereas the NSA site exhibits the least. Correlation analysis shows that there is a positive correlation between the mean LWP and the standard deviation. The skewness is found to be closely related to the relative dispersion with a correlation coefficient of 0.6. The comparison further shows that the lognormal, Weibull, and gamma distributions reasonably explain the observed relationship between skewness and relative dispersion over a wide range of scales.
Self-presentation Strategy of WeChat Users with Motives Impact on the Formation of Online Social Capital

WeChat is a social networking platform. WeChat users create the content online to present themselves online, called self-presentation strategy, to build a personal network identity. This identity has the form of capital -the social capital. If the WeChat users take full account of the dimensions of the relationship maintenance and relationship initiation, the selfpresentation of individual online social capital will be shaped more effective, and this effect will be positively magnified. The study proved the moderator role of motive of WeChat usage in effectively adjustment the formation of WeChat users’ online social capital shaped by self-presentation. Keywords—self-presentation; WeChat; social capital; motive
Dietary intake of Zinc, serum levels of Zinc and risk of gastric cancer: A review of studies

Gastric cancer (GC) is considered as most fourth common cancer in the world. Findings from animal, experimental and epidemiologic studies indicate that diet plays an important role in the etiology of stomach cancer. Among dietary factors, Zinc status has received great attention in recent years. The purpose of the present study was to review the association of serum levels of Zinc, dietary intake of Zinc and GC risk. A complete search was performed about the association of Zinc status and risk of GC was in databases electronic through such as ISI web of science, PubMed, Scopus, IrMedx and SID. Our results of current review suggest that dietary intake of Zinc and serum levels of Zinc are lower in GC patient. In other word, high serum levels of Zinc may be protective in GC risk. However, it seems further studies in particular epidemiological studies with large scale setting are required to reach a definite conclusion.
Functional Anatomy of Obsessive–Compulsive Phenomena

Regional cerebral blood flow was measured with H2 15O positron emission tomography in four patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder. Patients were scanned on 12 occasions in the same session, with each scan paired with brief exposure to one of a hierarchy of contaminants that elicited increasingly intense urges to ritualise. The relationship between symptom intensity and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF; an index of neural activity) was subsequently examined in the group and in individual patients. The group showed significant positive correlations between symptom intensity and blood flow in the right inferior frontal gyrus, caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus and thalamus, and the left hippocampus and posterior cingulate gyrus. Negative correlations were evident in the right superior prefrontal cortex, and the temporoparietal junction, particularly on the right side. The pattern in single subjects was broadly similar, although individual differences in neural response were also observed. A graded relationship between symptom intensity and regional brain activity can thus be identified in obsessive–compulsive disorder. It is hypothesised that the increases in rCBF in the orbitofrontal cortex, neostriatum, global pallidus and thalamus were related to urges to perform compulsive movements, while those in the hippocampus and posterior cingulate cortex corresponded to the anxiety that accompanied them.
Identification and localization of collagen types I and IV in the ruminant follicle and corpus luteum.

The ovarian cycle is characterized by marked changes in tissue structure and cell function. In particular, the transition from follicle to corpus luteum involves rapid tissue remodelling accompanied by endocrine differentiation. Evidence from several tissues shows that endocrine cell phenotype can be regulated by components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The speed and intensity of events in the ovary suggest a close relationship between ovarian cells and their extracellular environment (Luck, 1994). Preliminary evidence for this relationship in cows, involving a differential response of luteinizing granulosa cells to various collagen types, has been reported by Luck et al, (1991). Despite the abundance of collagen in ECMs, its presence in the ovary is poorly described. Little is known about its cellular origin, or its involvement in the transition from follicle to corpus luteum. The follicular basement membrane contains the network collagen type IV (Bertolussi et al., 1989; Luck, 1994), while the fibrillar collagen type I is the most abundant in the corpus luteum (up to 3% of tissue mass; Luck and Zhao, 1993). Granulosa cells can secrete the components of the basement membrane in culture (Lavranos ef al., 1994), but have not been demonstrated to do so in situ. Enzymes regulating collagen turnover are expressed in the mature follicle and early corpus luteum (Freudenstein et al., 1990; Chun et al., 1992; Tadakuma et al., 1993), but the expression of particular collagen types has not been studied. In the study reported here immunological techniques were used to locate specific collagens in ruminant follicles and corpora lutea and the potential for collagen synthesis of particular tissues examined.
Bad Times, Good Credit

Asymmetric information between lenders and borrowers is understood to be a key friction in credit markets. Can amplified information problems explain why the supply of corporate credit contracts in recessions and crises? Alternatively, asymmetric information may be reduced by economic slowdowns. We test these opposing views of information frictions in the credit market using data on lending from a large bank, through two business cycles. We find that this banks’ ability to sort borrowers by credit quality is best in bad times. This suggests that information frictions are counter-cyclical in corporate credit markets.
Stem Cell Physiology and Pathophysiology Identification of a common Wnt-associated genetic signature across multiple cell types in pulmonary arterial hypertension

James D. West, Eric D. Austin, Christa Gaskill, Shennea Marriott, Rubin Baskir, Ganna Bilousova, Jyh-Chang Jean, Anna R. Hemnes, Swapna Menon, Nathaniel C. Bloodworth, Joshua P. Fessel, Johnathan A. Kropski, David Irwin, Lorraine B. Ware, Lisa Wheeler, Charles C. Hong, Barbara Meyrick, James E. Loyd, Aaron B. Bowman, Kevin C. Ess, Dwight J. Klemm, Pampee P. Young, W. David Merryman, Darrell Kotton, and Susan M. Majka Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Veterans Administration Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Vascular Biology Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute, Kochi, and AnalyzeDat Consulting Services, Kerala, India; and Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
Is Mianzi the only Face of Chinese Consumers of Wine?: A Typology of Chinese Consumers of Imported Wine

This paper describes a cluster analysis, using the K-means method, conducted on a quota sample of 1,260 Chinese consumers of imported wine interviewed via an online questionnaire. Agreement is broad that the Chinese market has great potential for many products, including wine. With its huge population of 1.37 billion and its growing middle class, China is very attractive for winemakers, particularly the European wineries hoping to compensate for the decrease in domestic wine consumption by exporting to China. However, consumers of a product category are rarely homogeneous and market segmentation is needed to adapt the product appropriately to consumer groups presenting similar needs and wants. Studies on the segmentation of the Chinese wine market are nevertheless scarce in the academic literature. This paper aims to address that lack. The analysis described identified six clusters (indifferent occasionals, wine lovers, relaxed amateurs, social networkers, stay-at-home connoisseurs and infrequent money-minded) and provides winemakers with greater detail on the various profiles of Chinese consumers of imported wine. This should help them to make their offerings more suitable to their targeted segments.
A Controlled Study Evaluation of Adeno-Tonsillectomy in Children

THE first paper (Mawson et al., 1967) reviewed the facts relevant to the question of the value of the operation of adeno-tonsillectomy in children suffering repeated upper respiratory tract infections and/or obstructive symptoms. It then set out the principles upon which the controlled trial was based and the method which was employed. In that paper, it was decided to consider the effect of operation upon only those conditions which occur usually in distinct attacks: recurrent tonsillitis, sore throats, cervical adenitis and recurrent colds, earache or otitis media. A noticeable reduction in the frequency of these conditions in all except the last was noticed post-operatively when compared with the controls. In addition, it was seen that there was an improved weight gain in the operated group compared with the controls. This second paper deals, in the first part, with the symptoms of catarrh, mouth breathing, snoring and cough. In the second part, the post-operative progress of those children transferred from the control group "Y" to the operated group "X" is considered. These children had developed such frequent and severe symptoms that it was felt that to withhold operation was no longer justified since medical treatment was failing to maintain them in good health.
Modeling and Optimization for Efficient Electrical Mobility: Challenges from the E-Tour Project

Introduction. Electrical vehicles (EVs) will play a tremendously important role in the road traffic of the future. The main reasons are that EVs offer the potential to reduce the dependency on dwindling fossil fuel reserves, while at the same time they help curb the emission of climate-relevant gases and other harmful pollutants. Against that background, the German government has launched an initiative to bring one million electrical vehicles to the street by the year 2020 [1]. Interestingly, a significant portion of the funding is devoted to research and development of information and communication technology centered around electrical mobility. As part of this research effort, the Technical University of Munich participates in the E-Tour Allgau project, which was granted a total funding of 5.8 million Euros and runs from 2009 to 2011. The goal of E-Tour Allgau is to show how sustainable electrical transportation, using local and renewable energy sources, can be realized in a rural hilly region southwest of Munich, called the Allgau. In this region, a diverse fleet of 30 EVs will be operated and monitored under typical modes of usage, such as commuting to nearby Munich. Although the project has only recently started, it is already apparent that electrical mobility rises several challenges that can and need to be addressed by constraint reasoning and optimization methods. Below, we outline two of the problems considered in E-Tour Allgau: