Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Mechanism Producing Discrete Spurious Components in Fractional- $N$ Frequency Synthesizers

Fractional- frequency synthesizers have long been known to suffer from a set of spurious components, often referred to as fractional spurs, which are usually attributed to the operation of the modulator. This paper proposes a new phenomenon-based on cross-coupling and sampling of the nonharmonically related signals present in such synthesizers-which is capable of producing a family of spurious components of identical form to fractional spurs, with support from a range of analytic, simulated and measured results. A unique experimental arrangement is described, allowing controlled cross-coupling of signals within a synthesizer, which provides convincing experimental validation of this mechanism. Finally, techniques are suggested to allow at least partial mitigation of the effect.
Thymosin beta 4 promotes corneal wound healing and decreases inflammation in vivo following alkali injury.

Previously, thymosin beta 4 (Tbeta(4)) was found to promote wound healing in full thickness skin wounds and heptanol debrided corneas. Here, the effect of Tbeta(4) was examined treatment on corneal wound healing and inflammation in vivo after alkali injury, a more severe wound of the eye. Corneas from 129 Sv mice were chemically burned with a 2 mm disc soaked in 1 N NaOH for 30 sec. Eyes were irrigated copiously with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and then treated topically with either Tbeta(4) (5 microg/5 microl PBS) or 5 microl PBS twice daily. Animals were killed, the eyes were enucleated, fixed and embedded in plastic resin or prepared for mRNA analysis. Mouse corneas topically treated with 5 microg of Tbeta(4) twice daily after alkali injury demonstrated accelerated re-epithelialization at all time points and decreased polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) infiltration at 7 days post injury (p.i.) when compared to PBS-treated controls. mRNA transcript levels were decreased several fold for interleukin (IL)-lbeta, and the chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, MIP-1beta, MIP-2 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 from 1 to 7 days after injury in the Tbeta(4)- vs. PBS-treated corneas. Thus, Tbeta(4) may provide a new clinical treatment for severe traumatic corneal wound disorders by promoting rapid corneal wound healing and decreasing both PMN infiltration and inflammatory cytokine and chemokine mRNA levels.
Low incidence of Vibrio vulnificus among Vibrio isolates from sea water and shellfish of the western Mediterranean coast

A specific search for Vibrio vulnificus in natural marine samples from the Spanish Mediterranean Sea was carried out by nested PCR and cultural approaches using thiosulphate‐citrate‐bile salts‐sucrose agar (TCBS) and cellobiose‐polymixin B‐colistin agar (CPC), incubated at 40 °C, as selective media. Presumptive colonies were identified by PCR using specific primers against 23S rRNA sequences. This species was isolated from sea water and edible bivalves, mainly after pre‐enrichment in alkaline peptone water (APW) at 40 °C followed by CPC agar. None of the V. vulnificus isolates identified corresponded to serovar E. Dominant Vibrio species on directly inoculated TCBS plates incubated at 25 °C were V. splendidus below 20 °C and V. harveyi and V. mediterranei above that temperature. Low percentages of several pathogenic vibrios were recorded but V. vulnificus was never recovered at this incubation temperature. The incidence of this species in the samples studied was lower than that described for other geographical areas, probably due to the high salinity values of the Mediterranean Sea.
Early Improving Recurrent Elastic Highway Network

To model time-varying nonlinear temporal dynamics in sequential data, a recurrent network capable of varying and adjusting the recurrence depth between input intervals is examined. The recurrence depth is extended by several intermediate hidden state units, and the weight parameters involved in determining these units are dynamically calculated. The motivation behind the paper lies on overcoming a deficiency in Recurrent Highway Networks and improving their performances which are currently at the forefront of RNNs: 1) Determining the appropriate number of recurrent depth in RHN for different tasks is a huge burden and just setting it to a large number is computationally wasteful with possible repercussion in terms of performance degradation and high latency. Expanding on the idea of adaptive computation time (ACT), with the use of an elastic gate in the form of a rectified exponentially decreasing function taking on as arguments as previous hidden state and input, the proposed model is able to evaluate the appropriate recurrent depth for each input. The rectified gating function enables the most significant intermediate hidden state updates to come early such that significant performance gain is achieved early. 2) Updating the weights from that of previous intermediate layer offers a richer representation than the use of shared weights across all intermediate recurrence layers. The weight update procedure is just an expansion of the idea underlying hypernetworks. To substantiate the effectiveness of the proposed network, we conducted three experiments: regression on synthetic data, human activity recognition, and language modeling on the Penn Treebank dataset. The proposed networks showed better performance than other state-of-the-art recurrent networks in all three experiments.
Audit quality: does gender composition of audit firms matter?

Using a sample of Portuguese audit firms and their client companies, this study examines the association between gender composition of the partnership structure of audit firms and audit quality. Audit quality is measured through the earnings quality of audit clients. We find that gender diversity in the partnership structure of audit firms, per se, has no association with audit quality. In turn, we find significant evidence that a predominant presence of female Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) in partner positions in audit firms is associated with higher audit quality. In particular, the results indicate that audit firms with female-dominated partnership structures are negatively related with aggressive accounting practices in audit clients.
Micro-high-performance liquid chromatography/Fourier transform mass spectrometry with electron-capture dissociation for the analysis of protein enzymatic digests.

Electron-capture dissociation (ECD) Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS) employed to generate comprehensive sequence information for the chromatographic analysis of enzymatic protein digests is described. A pepsin digest of cytochrome c was separated by reversed-phase micro-high-performance liquid chromatography (microHPLC) and ionized 'on-line' by electrospray ionization (ESI). The ions thus formed were transferred to and trapped in the FTMS analyzer cell. Typically, no precursor ion isolation was performed. The trapped ions were subjected to a pulse of electrons to induce fragmentation. Mass spectra were acquired continuously to produce a three-dimensional LC/MS data set. The spectra were dominated by c and, to a lesser degree, z ions, which provided near complete sequence coverage. External calibration provided good mass accuracy and resolution, typical of FTMS. Thus microHPLC/ECD - FTMS is shown to be a highly informative method for the analysis of enzymatic protein digests.
The effects of value chain expanded brand communication on innovation acceptance

Ingredient branding (IB) is a strategy between a component supplier and an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) where both companies promote components and final products together. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the spill-over effects from the consumer perception of the supplier, the component and final product and how these effects influence the end user's intention of buying. Therefore, the study uses Partial Least Squares as a method to evaluate causal dependency between different perceptions of the component and final product. The findings show that the perception of innovativeness of the supplier changes the perception of the component and a positive expectation of the component allows the consumer to judge the final product positively. These effects have an impact on the intention of buying. One limitation of this work is that the study only analyses material innovation in the sports markets. However, it could be shown that supplier and OEM should, in order to increase the adoption of their joint offering, not only focus on technical or physical aspects of the material but also on the metaphysical enrichment and the possible spill-over effects. Therefore, this study throws light on the partnerships created between suppliers and OEMs.
Performing stock closing price prediction through the use of principle component regression in association with general regression neural network

Abstract Many problems existed in conventional Multiple Regression model constantly bother the researchers. These problems include multicollinearity problem and nonlinear problem among independent variables, which lead to the difficulty of accurate prediction of many problems. Therefore, in this article, an analysis method based on hybrid model is proposed, which combines Principle Component Regression (PCR) model and General Regression Neural Network (GRNN) to solve these two problems at the same time. First, in this article, the financial ratio data of companies with stocks listed in regular stock market and over-the-counter stock market in Taiwan and Mainland China are collected and used as sample data; moreover, Grey Relational Analysis is used to rank enterprise’s operation performance, and the enterprises in Taiwan and Mainland China with business operation performance in the first place are selected and their stock information collected to perform the prediction of stock closing price. In this article, the stock information are divided into training data and test data to perform model construction and verification; meanwhile, five indexes such as the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Revision Theil Inequality Coefficient (RTIC), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Coefficient of Efficiency (CE) of the test result are calculated; the empirical results show that the prediction power of the hybrid model of PCR+GAGRNN is obviously better than the model of PCR, GRNN and PCR+GRNN.
Structuring PPP toll-road contracts to achieve public pricing objectives

Although the success of public–private partnership (PPP) contracts is often evaluated on financial terms, an even more fundamental question is whether these contracts achieve the public objectives for which they were designed. The state's responsibility as contracting agency for public infrastructure gives it a crucial role in defining these goals, which fall into multiple categories and can vary for each procurement. For toll-road PPPs, the category of pricing objectives is a significant component of these broader public goals. Such pricing objectives often include (1) achieving an affordable toll rate, (2) managing congestion and (3) minimizing state subsidy/maximizing up-front payment from concessionaires. To identify the specific PPP contract elements which support these pricing-related objectives, the method of qualitative comparative analysis was applied. Through this recently developed approach for evaluating qualitative data quantitatively, patterns of PPP contract strategies which correspond to t.
Safe Debt and Uncertainty in Emerging Markets: An Application to South Africa

This paper develops a methodology for estimating a safe public debt level that would allow countries to remain below a maximum sustainable debt limit, taking into account the impact of uncertainty. Our analysis implies that fiscal policy should target a debt level well below the debt ceiling to allow space to absorb shocks that are likely to hit the economy. To illustrate our findings we apply the methodology to estimate a safe debt level for South Africa. Our results suggest that South Africa’s debt ceiling is around 60 percent of GDP, although uncertainty is high. Simulations suggest targeting a debt-to-GDP ratio of 40 percent of GDP would allow South Africa to remain below this debt ceiling over the medium-term with a high degree of confidence.
Prolonged Storage of Frozen Unbuffered Rapid Urease Test

Unbuffered rapid urease test (RUT) is an accurate, rapid, and inexpensive method of detecting Helicobacter pylori. However, it is generally recommended to prepare the reagent daily. This prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the shelf-life of our unbuffered RUT at −20°C. Two sets of antral biopsies (X2) and body biopsies (X1) were taken from all patients. They were subjected to histologic examination and RUT stored at −20°C. We studied 303 patients. One hundred seventy-nine (59%) were infected as defined by histologic examination. The reagent was classified according to the storage time (group I, 0–30 days [n = 109]; group II, 31–60 days [n = 63]; group III, 61–90 days [n = 80]; and group IV, &tgr;91 days [n = 51]). There was an excellent agreement between the histologic examination and the RUT of the four groups (kappa coefficient: group I, 0.88; group II, 0.80; group III, 0.87; group IV, 0.88). The sensitivity of our RUT in groups I, II, III, and IV were 92%, 92%, 91%, and 89%, respectively. The corresponding specificity were 97%, 88%, 97%, and 100%. Our RUT remains highly sensitive and specific when it is stored at −20°C for 4 months.
Higher Education, Adult Learning, and Greening of the Economy

As formal learning communities, colleges and universities can readily integrate social, economic, and environmental considerations in day-to-day operational practices and curricular offerings. Moreover, a college or university can work with, and model for, the local community, implementing ideas that then can be adopted by the surrounding community—or even by others in the region. Most importantly, the students and citizens participating in a well-structured campus and community interaction can adopt the modeled values as a bridge to lifelong adult learning.
The Need for Capacity Building at Universities in CEE Countries for Successful Technology Transfer

: Owing to the rapid multiplication of related information, the acceleration in its dissemination and the constant reduction in the costs of access to it, technology transfer processes have undergone signif! icant transformation in recent years. Adaptation to the changing circumstances causes difficulties for sev! eral institutions even in countries with more developed economies and considerable traditions in innovation management. The transition economies of Central! and Eastern Europe, however, have to face the chal! lenges of combating general economic fallback and establishing institutions that can enter the competition with the operating institutional system of modern economies. These latter ones also include effective tech! nology transfer institutions. With the help of a case study, the present paper introduces how the main sources of technologies can be utilized and what basic measures universities should take in order to build up a successful technology transfer system.
The impact of transaction costs on the use of mixed service delivery by local governments

When governments deliver services through mixed delivery arrangements, the sponsoring government and an implementing partner split or share service production, delivery, or management responsibilities. By combining aspects of contract and direct service delivery, mixed service delivery may combine the benefits of contracting with those of direct service delivery. Analyses of 87,009 services delivered by 2174 local governments in the USA shows that over 20% of local government services are delivered through approaches that mix elements of direct and contract production. Local governments choose mixed approaches in response to the transaction cost and market factors that affect their choice of direct and contract approaches. Mixed service delivery may provide the opportunity to harness the upsides of both contract and direct delivery approaches. If conditions are favorable, mixed service delivery allows governments to simultaneously evaluate alternative suppliers while maintaining a degree of their own internal production capacity.
Managers' Information Security Awareness in Russian ICT Small and Medium Sized Enterprises

This research in progress studies the nature and level of information security culture in North West Russian SMEs as part of a project aiming to benefit Finnish-Russian corporate information security and international business activities. This paper focuses on analyzing further a prior category of information security awareness (ISA) that resulted from grounded theory analysis in open coding. Theoretical sampling is conducted by utilizing a literature review on the ISA concept, i.e., literature is used as a novel source of data. On the basis of the review we propose a concept of managers’ information security awareness (MISA) to be used in refining prior categorization. The contribution of this paper is in the identification of new properties for MISA concept dimensions. Also, our results suggest that emotional aspects of ISA, e.g. motivation, are essential to foster higher levels of ISA in SMEs.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI AUDIT REPORT LAG PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR DI INDONESIA DAN MALAYSIA

The purpose of the research is determining the factors that influence audit report lag inmanufacturing companies in Indonesia and Malaysia from 2009 to 2010. Factors are firmsize, profitability, corporate income and debt to equity ratio. The data used were obtainedfrom Indonesia and Malaysia Stock Exchange. This study used purposive sampling methods.Analysis methods used descriptive analysis, the assumptions of classical test (such as normality,multicolinearity, autocorrelation and heterocedasticity) and multiple linear regressions.The results of multiple linear regression show that audit report lag in Indonesia andMalaysia simultaneously influenced by firm size, profitability, corporate income and debt toequity ratio, audit report lag in Indonesia partially influenced by firm size and debt to equityratio, and in Malaysia audit report lag partially influenced by firm size.
The Study on the Stock Market Co-movement between China and America after the Introduction of QFII and QDII

China stock market has been witnessing fast development in recent years,particularly since the introduction of QFII in November,2002 and of QDII in April,2006.Accordingly,the international comovement between the Chinese stock market and the major international stock markets is increasing.As the world’s most developed stock market,the American stock market has great significance in terms of the research on the international co-movement between the Chinese stock market and the major international stock markets.Using the correlation analysis,the unit-root test,the co-integration test and the Granger-causality test,the paper makes an analysis of the co-movement between China stock market and the American market after the introduction of QFII and QDII.It is found that the co-movement relationship is steadily increasing and that the investor can predict the trend of the market according to the fluctuations of the co-movement markets,which suggests that it is an imperative issue now for the decision-makers to find out how to handle the stock market crisis and maintain the stability of Chinese stock market.
Media Groups' Management Strategies: Business Areas, Platform Strategies, Content Distribution Strategies and Business Strategies

본 연구는 다음과 같은 연구 목적에서 수행되었다. 첫째, 한국 지상파 방송이 직면한 경영위기와 이들 방송사의 플랫폼 전략 및 콘텐츠 유통 전략을 살펴보고자 하였다. 둘째, 이러한 현황 분석을 토대로 글로벌 미디어 그룹의 관련 분야의 대응전략과 사업영역 조정 전략을 다각도로 살펴보고자 하였다. 셋째, 이러한 분석을 토대로 우리나라 방송 산업이 경쟁력을 확보할 수 있는 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 또한 디지털융합 시대의 세계 여러 나라의 디지털 전환 정책과 실제 사례들을 면밀히 비교 분석하여 우리나라 지상파 방송의 경영전략 모색을 위한 시사점을 제시하고자 하였다. 【This article was to study the following three purposes. First, to identify and describe the platform strategies, content strategies, and management challenges that currently define the South Korean terrestrial broadcasting business. Second, to analyze from various angles the business area of global media group, in terms of platform strategies, content strategies, and management challenges. Third, to suggest how Korea's terrestrial broadcasting industry can become competitive with media groups. Looking at the digital conversion process and strategy as well as terrestrial broadcasting in each country, when digital switchover point and Action Plan, and the similarities in values and the role of digital terrestrial broadcasting times there are differences may be found. 】
The Effectiveness of Governance Check-and-Balance Ownership Structure Based on Real Earnings Management

Some scholars early have shown that a number of corporate governance factors should play a limited role in terms of accrual-based earnings management,but we don't have sufficient evidence that whether corporate governance could affect the real earnings management.Therefore,this article takes an empirical test to check the relation between the check-and-balance ownership on the governance structures and the extent of real earnings management,we find that the check-and-balance ownership has a certain degree effectively reduce the face of product cost and discretionary expenses in real earnings management and the overall degree adjust the profit manipulation.The findings of this research article,which is check-and-balance ownership inhibits the real earnings management provides us a new interpretation,furthermore,in order to further understand the effectiveness of the balances of shares on the corporate governance,it also provides some supporting evidence.