Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF THE POSTHARVEST PROCESSING METHOD ON THE BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND SENSORY ANALYSIS OF ARABICA COFFEE

The objective of this work was to study the influence of two postharvest processing methods on the biochemical composition and sensory analysis of a Colombian specialty coffee. For this purpose, coffee beans (Coffea arabica) of the Castillo variety were collected and processed using the wet and semi-dry methods, and the drying process was conducted in a sun drier prototype with a plastic parabolic cover, with a maximum drying air temperature of 50 °C; green coffee beans were managed according to the official Specialty Coffee Association cupping protocol and roasted to a medium and dark degree. Physicochemical determinations (pH, color, titratable acidity, caffeine content, and chlorogenic acid quantification) in green coffee and roasted coffee beans were performed; the sensory analysis was performed by a panel of trained tasters. The wet and semi-dry processing methods resulted in differences in color parameters, pH values, and caffeine content. However, the titratable acidity, chlorogenic acid, and sensory evaluation did not have any difference; therefore, the type of coffee processing method used is not relevant to the final chemical properties of the roasted coffee (i.e., the Castillo variety) evaluated in this study; the coffee cup score is also not affected, and the post-fermentation washing process can be dispensed with.
Cyber Security, Forensics and Its Impact on Future Challenges in Saudi Arabia Smart Cities Case Study on the Modern, Urban Planning and Design

This study discloses major challenges of maintaining smart cities in Saudi Arabia. The smart city provides several amazing facilities for the population of the city that ensures the effective e - governance system with data-driven decision-making. The major challenges of smart cities include maintenance of modern technology and infrastructure, public awareness regarding usage of digital equity, cyber security, forensics etc. The research initiatives reveal the impacts of cyber security and forensics on modern and urban planning & design in Saudi Arabia that ensure the protection from unethical practices like cybercrime by using holistic and comprehensive strategy. Based on the review of significant literatures and analysis of the selected articles, the findings provide the gap between challenges for smart cities in Saudi Arabia and actual initiatives to protect through cyber security and forensics. The results of the present study describe the implementation of cyber security and forensics to protect from illegal access of valuable information and occurrences happening physical disruptions in public services for smart cities in Saudi Arabia. The outcomes of the research work revealed the positive impacts and prospects of revolutionary changes of developing and maintaining smart cities by implementing modern and urban strategic planning and design.
Temporal and spatial harvesting of irregular systems of parcels

Spatial management issues have assumed a central position in planning for forest ecosystems in the United States on both public and private lands. The arrangement of management activities, especially harvesting activities, can often have adverse impacts on other neighboring areas of the forest. Thus, spatially explicit programming models, which can account for or prevent certain arrangements of activities or land allocations through the use of harvest adjacency constraints, have received considerable attention in the literature. The need for spatial specificity in programming models has led to the development of integer programming or mixed integer programming models. Given that integer programming problems are often viewed as a difficult class of problems to solve, heuristic solution methods have most often been used to solve spatially constrained forest management models. In this paper, a discrete (0–1) integer programming model that maximizes harvested timber volume over a multiperiod time horizon subj.
Size Displacement in Salamanders: A Criticism of the Concept of a Developmental Constant

In birds and mammals differences in the sizes of feeding structures among sympatric ongeners have been interpreted as character displacements which permit coexistence by reducing competition. Hutchinson (1959), in reviewing a number of cases, suggested that a ratio of 1.28 in the linear dimensions of feeding structures of the larger to the smaller species may represent an average lower limit of similarity for coexistence. Such a ratio corresponds to a difference inmass by a factor of about 2. Differences of this magnitude are in accord with a more recent theoretical treatment of competition which predicts eparation of species on a resource continuum by diw 1, where d = the distance between means and w = the standard deviations of the utilization functions (MacArthur 1972; May and MacArthur 1972; May 1973). Size displacement by a ratio in linear dimensions near 1.28 characterizes not only sympatric congeners but instars of insects and other classes of objects (Horn and May 1977). Maiorana (1978) found that year classes within species of salamanders are sometimes size displaced by a factor of this magnitude, which she designated a developmental constant. She postulated that size displacement either of species or age classes is constant because variability inmorphology isrelatively constant. Her explanation was that variability in resource use is always greater than that of size of feeding structures, and that a linear displacement of larger to smaller of 1.28 may often correspond to a separation in resource use of dlw = 1. Wiens and Rotenberry (1981) offered a strong challenge to Maiorana's interpretation of the ecological (interspecific) onstant by demonstrating that size displacements among species vary widely in grassland bird communities. These authors uggested that such communities may not be tightly structured by competition, in which case the rationale for an ecological constant disappears. Ideally, independent confirmation fcompetition as the organizing factor of a community represents a necessary step for interpreting size displacements, even when the latter conform to the predictions of the displacement hypothesis (Hairston 1980). A general critique of the ecological constant has recently been provided by Roth (1981), who showed that the concept is deficient on both empirical and theoretical grounds. Maiorana (1978) equated the ecological constant o an intraspecific developmental constant. Her evidence was drawn from studies of immature insects and salamanders. However, her interpretation f data on the latter is contradictory to the known facts on salamander growth. In any animal, if successive age classes separated by equal age intervals how a constant ratio of body lengths, m = 1.28, then length must be an exponential function of time. Moreover, if body weight varies with the cube of length, according to the power function y = axb, where y =
Evaluación del bienestar animal de gallinas ponedoras Bovans White alojadas en piso

El interes por el bienestar de las gallinas ponedoras ha ido en aumento y algunos estudios consideran que el sistema de alojamiento en jaulas proporciona un bienestar deficiente en las gallinas. Este tipo de estudios son de gran interes en Mexico debido a que es el principal consumidor mundial de huevos (22.8 Kg per capita anual) y cuarto productor a nivel internacional. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de la investigacion fue realizar un estudio sobre el bienestar de gallinas ponedoras en piso. Para este proposito, 50 gallinas Bovans White fueron alojadas en piso, con espacio de 1,200 cm2 por ave. Fueron evaluadas a las 22, 30 y 62 semanas de edad su comportamiento, estado de salud, las variables de produccion y la calidad fisica del huevo. Durante el estudio se observaron de manera general diferencias (P<0.05) en tiempo y frecuencia de las siguientes conductas: bano de tierra, echarse, explorar y forrajear. Por otra parte, la calidad fisica del huevo cumplio las normativas al respecto. Al final del estudio las gallinas mostraron un buen estado de salud y un amplio repertorio de conductas.
OBSERVATIONS ON DIGESTION IN THE PIG USING A RE-ENTRANT INTESTINAL FISTULA

Sixty-four 12- to 24-hour collections were made of digesta flowing from re-entrant ileal fistulas of two pigs used to study the digestibility and rate of passage of various materials in the proximal digestive tract. An average of 88 per cent of the digestible dry matter and 91 per cent of the digestible protein of a 20 per cent protein ration was digested in the stomach and small intestine. The ration was very finely ground and fed only for short periods. The dry matter content of the fistula digesta was considerably higher when the concentrate ration was fed than when dried skim milk powder or various soluble carbohydrates were fed. Glucose was the most completely digested of all carbohydrates tested, usually followed in decreasing order by corn starch, galactose, sucrose, lactose and potato starch. Undigested soluble carbohydrates were accompanied by large volumes of fluid which seldom exceeded isotonic concentrations. Undigested potato starch resulted in digesta which at times contained 42 per cent dry.
Assessing habitat selection when availability changes

We present a method of comparing data on habitat use and availability that allows availability to differ among observations. This rnethod is applicable when habitats change over time and when animals are unable to move throughout a predeter- mined study area between observations. We used maximum-likelihood techniques to de- rive an index that estimates the probability that each habitat type would be used if all were equally available. We also demonstrate how these indices can be used to compare relative use of available habitats, assign them ranks, and assess statistical differences between pairs of indices. The set of these indices for all habitats can be compared between groups of animals that represent different seasons, sex or age classes, or experimental treatments. This method allows quantitative comparisons among types and is not affected by arbitrary decisions about which habitats to include in the study. We provide an example by comparing the availability of four categories of sea ice concentration to their use by adult female polar bears (Ursus maritimus), whose movements were monitored by satellite radio tracking in the Bering and Chukchi Seas during 1990. Use of ice categories by bears was nonrandom, and the pattern of use differed between spring and late summer seasons.
Economic growth and environmental degradation: evidence from the US case environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis with application of decomposition

ABSTRACT This study re-tests the environmetal Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for the US, based on a methodology that differentiates this study from previous empirical studies.To this aim, the per-capita income series (variable) is decomposed into its increases and decreases as two new time series and only one series, which contains income increases, is used. The rationale of this decomposition method is that the EKC hypothesis is originally postulated based on the impacts of income increases on environmental degradation. Therefore, this decomposition may allow us to test the EKC hypothesis more accurately through only income increases in accordance with its original postulation. Following decomposition, the ARDL approach to cointegration is applied between 1990M1 and 2019M7. Empirical findings of decomposed and undecomposed models are exactly opposite to each other. While the undecomposed model does not detect evidence of the EKC hypothesis for the US, the decomposed model strongly does so. This can lead to the interpretation that the decomposed model discovers-detects the existing but concealed validity of the EKC hypothesis, which the undecomposed model is not capable of detecting. Based on this result, this study proposes using this method as well, as an alternative technique for the EKC hypothesis testing models.
Anemia and upper digestive tract at the Yalgado Ouédraogo university hospital in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Introduction: The World Health Organization has classified anemia as one of the ten most serious health problems of the modern world. The detection of anemia should lead to a precise etiologic assessment supported by clinical and biological data. Objective : To describe the epidemiological and diagnostical characteristics of upper digestive tract pathologiesin non-sickle cell disease anemic patients at the OuédraogoYalgado university hospital in Ouagadougou. Patients and methods : This was a prospective and cross- sectional study carried out from March 1,2016 to July 31, 2017 in the Department of clinical hematology, diagnostic and interventional endoscopy and pathological anatomy and cytology of the aforementioned university hospital. The study involved all non-sickle cell patients above 15 years’ old who were seen in hematology consultation for anemia. Results : The study involved a total of 58 patients including 42 women with a sex ratio of 0.4. Age ranged from 17 to 87 years with a mean age of 36.9. Most of the patients (44 cases out of 58) had iron-deficiency microcytic anemia. There were 5 cases of macrocytic anemia: vitamin B12 deficiency with 3 cases of Biermer’s disease and 2 cases of vitamin B9 deficiency. We observed a prevalence of grade I peptic esophagitis (50.99%) in esophageal pathology, a predominance of gastropathies (81.25%) in gastric pathology and a predominance of bulbar ulcers (60%) in duodenal pathology. Histology revealed chronic gastritis in all patients and chronic atrophic gastritis with the presence of pylori H in 53 out of 58 cases (91.38%). Conclusion : Upper digestive tract diseases diagnosed through endoscopy and histology (in particular pylori H ) can cause iron-deficiency anemia.
The Investment Performance of U.S. Islamic Mutual Funds

Islamic investment funds have become increasingly important because of high demand from many investors, including those outside the Muslim investment community. This article compares the performance and risk sensitivity of Islamic mutual funds in the United States with that of their conventional peers. This article also analyzes the performance of Islamic funds, and compares this performance with that of socially responsible investment (SRI) mutual funds. Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)-based methodology was used for the analysis. The results suggest that over the entire study period (1987–2018), Islamic funds outperformed conventional funds with comparable characteristics. However, over the most recent period (2000–2018), there were no significant differences in performance. Moreover, Islamic funds achieved levels of adjusted performance that did not significantly differ from those of SRI funds. Conversely, for the earlier period (1987–2000), Islamic funds performed worse than SRI and conventional funds with similar characteristics.
Quantitative Trait Loci for Endosperm Modification and Amino Acid Contents in Quality Protein Maize

The deficient protein quality of corn (Zea mays L.) grain can be improved by replacing normal Opaque2 (02) alleles with nonfunctional mutant o2 alleles. Unfortunately, o2 alleles are associated with soft endosperm texture, poor yield, and susceptibility to diseases and insects. Plant breeders have been able to restore a desirable ratio of hard to soft endosperm in o2 germplasm. These modified genotypes are known as Quality Protein Maize (QPM). Neither the mechanism nor the genetic components controlling endosperm modification in QPM lines are well understood. Using a population of recombinant inbred lines, derived from a cross between an o2 line and a QPM line, and a novel evaluation method for endosperm modification, quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped for traits related to the modification of endosperm texture and the content of the essential amino acids lysine, tryptophan, and methionine. Quantitative trait loci clusters for endosperm texture traits were detected on chromosomes 3, 5, 6, and 8, together accounting for 62 to 68% of the observed variation. For traits related to amino acid contents, QTL clusters were located on chromosomes 7 and 8, explaining up to 39% of the observed variation. The elucidation of the genetic mechanisms of the modification of o2 endosperm and essential amino acid contents provides valuable information and important tools to plant breeders and plant scientists interested in improving the quality of cereal grains.
Thin Films of Homochiral Metal-Organic Frameworks for Chiroptical Spectroscopy and Enantiomer Separation

Chiral nanoporous solids are a fascinating class of materials, allowing efficient enantiomer separation. Here, we review the status, applications, and potential of thin films of homochiral metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Combining the advantages of MOFs, whose well-defined, crystalline structures can be rationally tuned, with the benefits of thin films enables new opportunities for the characterization of the enantioselectivity, e.g., via chiroptical spectroscopy and straightforward molecular uptake quantifications. By incorporating photoresponsive molecules in the chiral MOF films, the enantioselectivity of the material can be dynamically remote-controlled. The most promising application of MOF films is their use as membranes, where the enantioselective separation of chiral molecules is demonstrated and parameters for further improvements are discussed.
Influence of Consumer’s Long-term Orientation and Safety Consciousness on Intention to Repurchase Certified Functional Foods

ABSTRACT The functional food industry has been growing because consumers increasingly recognize the nutritional benefits of functional foods. This study investigated the effect of personal psychological characteristics (i.e., long-term orientation [LTO], safety consciousness, and health consciousness) on consumer attitudes and intention to repurchase certified functional foods. We collected 398 valid questionnaires from Taiwanese consumers of certified functional foods. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results revealed that LTO and safety consciousness positively affect health consciousness, which consequently affects consumers’ attitude toward and repurchase of certified functional foods. In addition, LTO resulted in a more positive attitude toward certified functional foods. These findings aid functional food marketers in their formulation of marketing communication and marketing strategies.
Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China.

With the deepening of the understanding and research in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 have been constantly updated and improved. In China, since the implementation of "Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of COVID-19 (1st Trial Version)" on Jan. 15, 2020, 2nd to 7th versions (including revision of 5th version) was updated from Jan. 18, Jan. 22, Jan. 27, Feb. 4, Feb. 8, Feb. 18 and Mar. 3, respectively. Versions updated subsequently provide more detailed information in many ways than the 1st and 2nd versions, so this paper will introduce the development of the main contents of the 3rd to 7th versions of COVID-19 guidelines in China, which hopes to provide help for clinical medical staff in other countries fighting with this disease.
Activation of the Interferon-β Promoter During Hepatitis C Virus RNA Replication

In this study we examined the impact of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA replication on the innate antiviral response of the host cell. Replication of an HCV subgenomic replicon stimulated the activation of the interferon (IFN)-β promoter and the production of IFN in human hepatoma cells. Using a variety of functional assays, we found that HCV RNA replication induced the activation and DNA-binding activity of NFκB and interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-1. In addition, microscopy experiments revealed a higher frequency of cells containing the nuclear-localized, active form of IRF-3 in HCV replicon cultures versus control cultures. Consistent with these observations, cells harboring the HCV replicon exhibited high basal level expression of a subset of IFN-stimulated antiviral genes. Our results indicate that HCV RNA replication can stimulate cellular antiviral programs that contribute to the assembly and activation of the IFN-β enhanceosome complex and initiation of the antiviral state. Stable HCV RNA replicatio.
Union Density Effects on Productivity and Wages

We exploit changes in tax subsidies for union members in Norway to identify the effects of changes in firm-level union density on productivity and wages. Increased deductions in taxable income for union members led to higher membership rates and contributed to a lower decline in union membership rates over time in Norway. Accounting for selection effects and the potential endogeneity of unionisation, the results show that increasing union density at the firm level leads to a substantial increase in both productivity and wages. The wage effect is larger in more productive firms, consistent with rent-sharing models.
Within‐population genetic structure in Quercus robur L. and Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. assessed with isozymes and microsatellites

The spatial distribution of alleles is described in a forest stand of natural origin of 5 ha comprising 355 mature Quercus petraea and Q. robur trees. Each tree was genotyped for six microsatellite loci. Previous studies on the same population based on isozymes allowed a comparison of different markers for the detection of spatial genetic structure. Different statistics were used: differentiation measures at different spatial scales, and spatial autocorrelation analysis based on Moran’s index I. For microsatellites, differentiation and autocorrelation were calculated with unordered alleles (identity in state) and with alleles ordered according to their size. Results showed the same tendency of a significant, but low, spatial genetic structure for markers and different statistics. Some differences could, however, be detected. First, microsatellites interpreted as unordered alleles exhibit stronger spatial structure than isozymes or microsatellite interpreted as ordered alleles. Second, differentiation and autocorrelation values were higher in Q. petraea than in Q. robur. These differences were attributed to species differences in gene flow via pollen or seed.
A cytogenetical analysis of reproduction in common shrews (Sorex araneus) from a karyotypic hybrid zone

Searle, J. B. 1990. A cytogenetic analysis of reproduction in common shrews (Sorex araneus) from a karyotypic hybrid zone. —Hereditas 113: 121–132. Lund, Sweden. ISSN 0018–0661. Received May 21, 1990. Accepted June 25, 1990 Sixteen pregnant female common shrews were collected near Oxford (U.K.) from a hybrid zone between two karyotypic races which differ by Robertsonian rearrangements. Some females were homozygotes and others were ‘simple’ or ‘complex’ Robertsonian heterozygotes. The females and their fetuses were karyotyped and number of ovulations and regressing implants scored. Prenatal losses were noted in female simple Robertsonian heterozygotes. Some losses, including two trisomics, were likely to be due to anaphase I nondisjunction of the maternal autosomal trivalent. However, numbers of ovulations were found to be higher in these heterozygotes than in the homozygotes, and this could compensate for prenatal losses due to nondisjunction. Overall, fertility of females from the hybrid zone did not differ substantially from that of females from other areas of karyotypic polymorphism or monomorphism. There was no evidence for assonative mating or assortative fertilisation within the hybrid zone. On chromosomal grounds, the hybrid zone is unlikely to be a major barrier to gene flow.