Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surface Analysis of Paper

Physical Characterization of Surfaces Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Paper Surfaces Using Confocal Microscopy, M. -C. Beland and P.J. Mangin Scanning Electron Microscopy: A Tool for the Analysis of Wood Pulp Fibers and Paper, G. de Silveira, P. Forsberg, and T.E. Conners Mechanical and Physical Properties of Paper Surfaces, J.F. Waterhouse The Surface Chemistry of Paper: Its Relationship to Printability and Other Paper Properties, F.M. Etzler and J.J. Conners Brightness Properties of Pulp and Paper, A.J. Ragauskas Spectroscopic Methods FT-IR Spectroscopy, M.A. Friese and S. Banerjee Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Wood Products, J.M. Pope Raman Spectroscopy, U.P. Agarwal and R. Atalla Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopic Analysis, G. de Silveira and T.E. Conners SIMS: Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry, L.D. Detter-Hoskin and K.L. Busch X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, W.K. Istone Emerging Technologies Principles of Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy and Its Application to the Analysis of Paper, G. Botton Surface Analysis Using Millimeter-Wave Resonant Instruments, J.S. Martens Atomic Force Microscopy, S.J. Hanley and D.G. Gray Using the Photon Tunneling Microscope to View Paper Surfaces, T.B. Arnold, T.E. Conners, and G.L. Dyer Index
Group 13 metal oxide and pnictide thin films: developing novel single-source precursors for the deposition of functional materials

This thesis describes the synthesis and characterisation of molecular, single-source precursors for the deposition of group 13 metal oxides and pnictides and their subsequent application in the formation of thin films of those materials by Aerosol Assisted Chemical Vapour Deposition (AACVD). A range of tetradentate β-ketoimine ligands have been developed and subsequently employed in the formation and isolation of complexes of group 13 metals aluminium, gallium and indium through a variety of synthetic routes. In particular, the ligand systems have been successfully employed in the stabilisation of rare gallium mono-hydride species, which exhibit considerable thermal stability. The thermal decomposition of the group 13 β-ketoiminate complexes was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and subsequently the deposition of gallium oxide was carried out on glass substrates in an AACVD process. The resulting films were amorphous as-deposited, however crystalline gallium oxide was obtained in some cases through the addition of a post-deposition annealing step. The single-source deposition of InAs by AACVD has been investigated, including an investigation of the alkane elimination reaction between trimethyl indium and tert-butyl arsine in the formation of InAs cluster complexes. InAs was successfully deposited, representing the first report of the deposition of this material by AACVD. Thin films were analysed and characterised by multiple common techniques, including glancing angle powder X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, confirming the formation of InAs, though film quality was hampered by varying degrees of indium oxide formation within the films, in particular at the surface. Hall effect measurements provided an initial investigation of the electrical properties of the films, showing the formation of conductive, n-type InAs. However, electron mobility was poor by comparison to literature suggesting that optimisation of the deposition conditions is required in order to yield device-quality materials.
Screening of non-food biodiesel plant resources in Shaanxi province.

Sustainable feedstock supply is the basis of biodiesel industry development.Consequently,it is very important to understand the characteristics and distribution of non-food biodiesel plant(NFBP) resources and the physicochemical property of the vegetable oil and their methyl esters(MEs) for the development of nonfood biodiesel feedstock production.Samples of thirty-seven plant species(seeds or kernels) which were plentifully distributed in Shaanxi province were collected and analyzed chemically.The result showed that the oil content varied between 10.0% and 62.8% and the iodine value,acid value,and saponification value of the exacted oil varied,respectively,between 43.43 and 129.44 g/100 g,between 1.89 and 57.92 mg/g,between 124.18 and 367.00 mg/g.Based on these tested data,5 parameters closely related to the fuel quality were calculated using regression models described in various literature.The results showed that the cetane number,kinematic viscosityof the vegetable oil MEs varied between 34.86 and 63.08,between 2.67 and 4.19 mm2/s;and the MEs density,high heating values,cold filter plugging point varied between 833.94 and 884.22 kg/m3,between 33.40 and 42.91 kJ/g,between-13.10 and 15.60 ℃,respectively.Ultimately,11 species were selected according to the preliminary evaluation standard of NFBP.The comprehensive evaluation of oil yield,adaptability and resistance ofthe screened 18 speciessuggested that the Prunusdavidiana Carr. ,Magnolia of icinalis Rehd.et Wils and Ligustrumlucidum Ait could all be promising oil plants to bedeveloped in North China.
FENOMENA PENGEMUDI TAKSI ONLINE (DITINJAU DARI TEORI JOB CHARACTERISTIC MODEL : ONLINE TAXI DRIVER PHENOMENA (REVIEWED FROM THE THEORY OF JOB CHARACTERISTIC MODELS)

Maraknya transportasi online di Indonesia akhir-akhir ini memberikan peluang kerja kepada masyarakat. Tingginya animo masyarakat untuk bekerja sebagai pengemudi taksi online, dapat dijelaskan dengan teori Job Characteristic Model yang dapat mengidentifikasi motivasi instrinsik yang dimiliki oleh para pengemudi tersebut. Dalam teori tersebut dijelaskan lima karakterististik utama suatu tugas, yaitu: a. Skill Variety b. Task Identity c. Task significance d. Autonomy e. Feedback.
Courtship and male-male interaction behaviour of Orsima ichneumon (Simon, 1901), an ant-mimicking jumper spider (Arachnida: Salticidae)

This is the first description of male-female courtship and male-male agonistic interactions of Orsima ichneumon (Simon, 1901) jumping spiders. Orsima ichneumon inhabit low shrubs and grasses along sunny forest edges across South East Asia, including Malaysia and Singapore. They are small-medium sized jumping spiders ranging from 5–8 mm in body length, with no obvious sexual size dimorphism. However, there is sexual dimorphism in body shape, most obviously due to a distinct constriction in the male’s abdomen that is less defined in females, and different colouration of the pedipalps. Twenty-eight major behavioural elements were described during intraspecific interactions. Courtship interactions were significantly longer in duration than agonistic interactions, but agonistic interactions were made up of a higher number of behavioural elements. Like most jumping spiders, male O. ichneumon had a more complex behavioural repertoire than females, and displayed their colourful body appendages during courtship and contests. This suggests that females are the choosier sex and there is selection on male ornamentation and signalling behaviour. Our behavioural study will form a useful framework from which to base future work on this colourful species.
The platypus: an extraordinary animal for teaching

In this paper, we intend to understand how the Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) is a paradoxical animal both for an epistemologist and for a science education researcher in science education. Firstly, we’ll expose the historical identification process of this animal. Second, we’ll analyze the content of three storybooks that can be presented to primary school pupils (aged 8-11). The history of the platypus is well known but it reflects many difficulties in morphology, anatomy and classification. Today, some paradoxical characters of the Platypus are investigated from a genetic, genomic or evolutionary viewpoint. But at primary school, is the Platypus, a curiosity and an exception, a good example to show some difficulties of description and classification in biology? In biology education, exceptions are often excluded while the popular science puts. At primary school, mediation is needed to explain classification to pupils. We chose three storybooks about The Platypus. Content analysis of these storybooks focuses the different ways characters classify the Platypus and what arguments they use. These fictional narratives underline the met failures when characters want to classify the Platypus: its similarities with mammals or birds constitute an obstacle to integration in a definite class.
"Spreading Depolarization" bei Migräneaura und Schlaganfall im menschlichen Gehirn

Spreading Depolarization in Migraine Aura and Stroke in the Human Brain. Recent studies have shown a high frequency of spreading depolarizations in patients with aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage, delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage, malignant ischemic stroke, spontaneous intra-
Genomic metrics of individual autozygosity, applied to a cattle population

High throughput genotyping technology provides information about a large number of genetic markers roughly evenly spread across the genome. Levels of individual homozygosity and homozygous segments (runs of homozygosity) provide information about levels of inbreeding of animals. We computed several indicators of autozygosity for a population of 1851 Simmental/Fleckvieh bulls genotyped with the Illumina Bovine SNP50 Beadchip and compared them to inbreeding coefficients calculated from pedigrees with a completeness of >6 complete generation equivalents. The genomic metrics of autozygosity, applied to all autosomal loci and pseudo-autosomal loci on the X chromosomes were: 1) Level of homozygosity: number of homozygous loci/number of all loci. 2) Runs of homozygosity: overall length of homozygous segments >3 (>1, >5) MB. 3) Diagonal element of the genomic relationship matrix as implemented in genomic selection procedures, considering average and base population allele frequencies. 4) Inbreeding coefficient (F), as calculated by FEstim software, after applying MASEL software for selecting unlinked markers 5) Inbreeding coefficient (F), as calculated by PLINK software, with and without pruning to include loci in approximate linkage disequilibrium. Results indicate that level of homozygosity seems to be more closely correlated with pedigree inbreeding coefficients than other, more sophisticated metrics of autozygosity. Among the metrics compared, the approach as implemented in the diagonal elements of the genomic relationship matrix had the lowest correlation with pedigree inbreeding.
The Lipid Handbook with CD-ROM

Fatty Acid and Lipid Structure Fatty acid structure Lipid structure Occurrence and Characterization of Oils and Fats Introduction Major oils from plant sources Minor oils from plant sources Milk fats, animal depot fats, and fish oils Waxes Egg lipids Milk lipids Liver and other tissue lipids Cereal lipids Leaf lipids Algal lipids Fungal lipids Bacterial lipids Lipids of viruses Production and Refining of Oils and Fats Introduction Production of animal oils and fats Production of vegetable oils and fats Degumming of oils and fats Alkali refining of oils and fats Soap stock and by-product treatments Bleaching of oils and fats Dewaxing of oils Vacuum stripping of oils and fats HACCP for oils and fats supply chains Modification Processes and Food Uses Introduction Hydrogenation Interesterification. Fractionation Food grade emulsifiers Food uses of oils and fats Synthesis Unsaturated fatty acid synthesis via acetylene Fatty acid synthesis by the Wittig reaction Isotopically labelled fatty acids Synthesis of acylglycerols Fullerene lipids Glycerophospholipids Sphingolipids Glycosylglycerides Bulk separation procedures Analysis Introduction Requirements stemming from quality control and process investigation Some selected analytical methods Chromatographic analysis of lipids Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Physical Properties: Structural and Physical Characteristics Introduction Crystallisation and melting Phase behavior Lipid/water interactions Interaction between lipids and proteins Biological membranes Chemical Properties Autoxidation and photo-oxidation Enzymatic oxidation Epoxidation, hydroxylation and oxidative fission Halogenation and halohydrins Oxymercuration Metathesis Stereomutation Double-bond migration and cyclization Cyclization Dimerization Chain branching and extension Hydrolysis, alcoholysis, esterification, and interesterification Acid chlorides, anhydrides, and ketene dimers Peroxy acids and related compounds Nitrogen-containing compounds Other reactions of the carboxyl group Oleochemical carbonates Guerbet compounds Nonfood Uses of Oils and Fats Introduction Basic oleochemicals Surfactants Lipids as formulating tools in skin care and cosmetics Lubricants Biofuels Surface coatings and inks Castor oil products Lipid Metabolism Fatty acids Glycerophospholipids Glyceride metabolism Glycosylglycerides Sphingolipids Lipids as signaling molecules Sterol esters Control mechanisms Nutritional, Medical and Agricultural Aspects of Lipids Human dietary requirements Lipids and cardiovascular disease Clinical aspects of lipids with emphasis on cardiovascular disease and dyslipaemia Skin lipids and medical implications Sphingolipidoses Other disorders of lipid metabolism Pulmonary surfactant (lung surfactant) Agricultural aspects
Vers une aide à la mobilité basée sur la connaissance de l'espace pour les personnes ayant une déficience visuelle

Cette communication presente un nouveau concept de dispositif d'assistance a la mobilite pour les personnes presentant une incapacite visuelle (PPIV), son implantation dans un simulateur, et son evaluation preliminaire. Ce systeme, ACCESSPACE, permet de representer l'essentiel (gist) de l'agencement spatial des alentours immediats de l'utilisateur, sur une tablette a stimulation tactile. En combinant des donnees cartographiques, GPS et visuelles, ce systeme effectue un bi-partitionnement de l'espace (en zones accessibles ou non) et transmet cette information sous forme d'une carte egocentree augmentee, evoluant en temps reel avec les mouvements de l'utilisateur. L'evaluation preliminaire du simulateur d'ACCESSPACE confirme sa pertinence pour la mobilite en interieur, notamment dans les musees.
Die Rolle des Neurotransmitters GABA bei der Gedächtnisbildung und Modulation neuronaler Aktivität in Honigbiene und Fruchtfliege

Der inhibitorische Neurotransmitter GABA beeinflusst in Saugetieren und Insekten die Gedachtnisbildung. Da die zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen unklar sind, wurde die Funktion ionotroper und metabotroper GABA-Rezeptoren sowohl beim assoziativen olfaktorischen Lernen der Honigbiene als auch an isolierten Neuronen der beteiligten Pilzkorper analysiert. Die Aktivierung metabotroper GABA-Rezeptoren fuhrt zu einer besseren Unterscheidung von Duften und in den Neuronen des Pilzkorpers zu einer aktivitatsabhangigen Faszilitierung neuronaler Aktivitat. Dies deutet auf eine Funktion metabotrober GABA Rezeptoren bei der Scharfung duftspezifischer Aktivitatsmuster wahrend des Lernens hin. Die Aktivierung ionotroper GABA-Rezeptoren verursacht Gedachtnisdefizite, die sich durch ein verstarktes Training kompensieren lassen. Die Wahrnehmung von Duft (CS) und Belohnung (US) wird nicht beeinflusst. Die lichtinduzierte Freisetzung von GABA, die erstmals eine schnelle, zeitlich und raumlich definierte Aktivierung der GABA-Rezeptoren ermoglicht, fuhrt nur dann zu einem Gedachtnisdefizit, wenn GABA genau zum Zeitpunkt der CS/US-Paarung freigesetzt wird. In den Neuronen des Pilzkorpers fuhrt GABA zur Hyperpolarisation, die der CS/US induzierten Depolarisation entgegenwirkt und dadurch spannungsabhangige Calcium-Kanale reguliert. Diese Ergebnisse lassen darauf schliesen, dass GABA wahrend der Acquisition mit Prozessen der CS/US-Paarung interagiert und somit die Stabilitat des Gedachtnisses reguliert. In mammals and insects the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA influences memory formation. As the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, the function of ionotropic and metabotropic GABA receptors has been studied in associative olfactory learning in the honey bee as well as in its isolated neurons of the involved mushroom body. Activation of metabotropic GABA receptors improves discrimination between odors and induces an activity dependent facilitation of neuronal activity in mushroom body neurons. This indicates a role for metabotropic GABA receptors in sharpening odor-specific activity patterns during learning. Activation of ionotropic GABA receptors causes memory deficits, which are compensated by an intensified training. However, the perception of the odor (CS) and the reward (US) is unaffected. Light-induced release of GABA, which for the first time offers the opportunity for a fast, temporally and locally restricted activation of GABA receptors, only causes a memory deficit if GABA is released at the exact time during CS/US pairing. In mushroom body neurons GABA causes a hyperpolarization which counteracts the depolarization induced by CS/US and thus regulates voltage gated calcium channels. These results indicate that GABA interacts with processes of the CS/US pairing during acquisition and therefore regulates the stability of memories.
Developing a tool to evaluate the sustainability of intra-urban farms

An increasing urbanisation is now followed by a developing growth of urban agriculture supported by political frameworks in France. Urban agriculture projects have an exponential development with very diversified technical and business models from low to high tech, purely productive to multifunctional. This type of agriculture aims at sensitizing citizens to agriculture, link city-dwellers to the countryside and claims to participate to the sustainable development of cities. However, the current models established to evaluate farm sustainability are not adapted to the intra-urban context. Our goal is to build a tool to evaluate the sustainability of intra-urban farms, with two purposes: 1/ to provide a tool for project leaders allowing them to assess the strengths and weaknesses of their project; 2/ to produce a tool destined to enable surface providers to compare answers to their call for projects. A participatory approach was chosen to build this tool. A first panel meeting determined the objectives of this tool and a list of criteria for the agro-environmental, socio-territorial and economic dimensions. These objectives and criteria were then submitted to the approval of urban farmers and surface provider via an online survey. In parallel, an adaptation of existing environmental indicators is under way as well as a search for adapted sociological and economic indicators. Some indicators have been identified in the literature and shall be submitted to a large panel of urban farmers and surface provider to evaluate their pertinence and feasibility.
Factors Affecting Intellectual Capital Disclosure and Company Value

This study examined the effect of profitability, firm age, firm size, leverage, earnings growth and profit growth on the intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) and the effect of intellectual capital disclosure on firm value. Sample in this research was obtained from 78 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange with specific observations to the financial data in the period 2012-2015. By using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis techniques operated through the AMOS Version 21 program, the results show that profitability, and growth have a positive and significant effect on intellectual capital disclosure. Furthermore, intellectual capital disclosure as a mediating variable has an significant influence on firm value. Other findings indicate that the variables of company age, firm size, and leverage did not significantly affect intellectual capital disclosure. The findings of this study underline the importance of creating and strengthening intellectual capital disclosure in public companies in Indonesia.
Inflation dynamics analysis in selected MENA countries

The current paper analyses the new Keynesian Phillips curve (NKPC) in the context of selected MENA countries over the 1990-2016 period. This study has used Pooled Mean Group (PMG) and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) estimation methods for the empirical analysis. For the dynamic heterogeneous panels, PMG developed by Pesaran et al. (1999) is the most suitable technique. The outcomes by FMOLS asserted that inflation and unemployment are unrelated in the long run, corroborating the long run Philips Curve theory. While, the empirical outcomes obtained by PMG indicate negative linkage between unemployment and inflation in the long run. Nevertheless, the notion of the tradeoff between the inflation and unemployment that expressed by a short-run Phillips curve is not observed in the selected MENA countries. The findings of this study corroborate the hybrid version of NKPC. Moreover, it establishes of the study suggest that the dynamic inflation can be used as a HNKPC model for understanding the inflation behavior in selected MENA countries.
BENZYLOXYPHENYL-BASED SYNTHESES OF SOME NOVEL N-ACETYLPYRAZOLINES

Substituted benzyloxyphenyl chalcones 1a-j on reaction with hydrazine hydrate 2 and glacial acetic acid 3 in 2-methoxyethanol as reaction medium gave novel substituted Nacetylpyrazol ines 4a-j . Newly obtained N-acetylpyrazol ines were characterized on the basis of FT-IR, 1H-NMR, GC-MS, and elemental analysis.