Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Amorphous Soft Magnetic Materials for the Stator of a Novel High-Speed PMBLDC Motor

This paper presents results of a research work related to the development of the production technology of the amorphous cores designed for application in permanent magnet brushless direct current (PMBLDC) motors. The cores were made from the Metglas 2605 SA1 amorphous ribbon, from which rings of the specific external and internal diameters were cut using a laser technique. Next, the rings were stacked up so as to form a core of a required height, subjected later to the consolidation by pressing, followed by an appropriate heat treatment. Finally, the cores were coated with an epoxy resin to protect them against delamination and used as stators in a prototype high-speed electric motor, 1 kW in rated power and 70 000 rpm in a rotary speed. The motor incorporating these amorphous cores was subjected to the performance tests, which confirmed their proper operation and satisfactory mechanical characteristics and efficiency. It was found that power losses in the stators from the amorphous material were considerably smaller than those in the conventional stators from the silicon steel, and they did not exceed 7 W. Therefore, an application of the amorphous soft magnetic materials in the high-speed PMBLDC motors may contribute to eliminating the need of using additional cooling systems in these motors.
Bovine Tuberculosis in a Free Ranging Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) from Doñana National Park (Spain)

During 1997 and 1998, a survey of Iberian carnivores was conducted to study the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in the Doñana National Park and surrounding areas in southwestern Spain. Post-mortem examinations were done on seven red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), two Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon), one weasel (Mustela nivalis), two genets (Genetta genetta), one Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus), one Eurasian badger (Meles meles), and two polecats (Mustela putorius). Lesions suggestive of bovine tuberculosis were not detected but, in culture, Mycobacterium bovis was isolated from the retropharyngeal lymph nodes of one adult male red fox. This is the first report of M. bovis infection in red fox in Spain.
The Nifty way to call hell from heaven

Often Erlang programmers want or need to use existing C libraries. Also, occasionally they have good reasons to implement parts of their applications directly in C. To cater for such situations, the Erlang/OTP system comes with various mechanisms to call C from Erlang. The most modern of them allows to call C functions from Erlang as natively implemented functions (NIFs). Unfortunately, the use of a NIF library currently requires writing by hand a fair amount of code that to a large extent is boilerplate. To ease the lives of Erlang programmers and simplify the task of using existing C code bases from Erlang, we have created Nifty, a tool that automates the process of creating NIF libraries from C header files containing declarations of types and functions that the library supplies. This paper describes the functionality and implementation of Nifty, its current limitations and our experiences with it so far.
Ranibizumab and Aflibercept: Intraocular Pharmacokinetics and Their Effects on Aqueous VEGF Level in Vitrectomized and Nonvitrectomized Macaque Eyes.

PURPOSE We evaluated the pharmacokinetics of intravitreally injected ranibizumab and aflibercept, and their effects on VEGF in the aqueous humor of vitrectomized and nonvitrectomized macaque eyes. METHODS Intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR; 0.5 mg/50 μL) or intravitreal aflibercept (IVA; 2 mg/50 μL) was injected into the previously vitrectomized right eyes of three macaques and nonvitrectomized right eyes of three macaques. The left eyes served as controls (nonvitrectomized, noninjected). Aqueous humor was obtained from both eyes just before injection and on days 1 and 3, and weeks 1 to 8 after IVR and IVA. The ranibizumab, aflibercept, and VEGF concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS The half-lives in aqueous humor of nonvitrectomized and vitrectomized eyes were, respectively, 2.3 and 1.4 days for ranibizumab, and 2.2 and 1.5 days for aflibercept. Concentration of VEGF was decreased below the limit of detection (LOD) by IVR for 3 weeks in nonvitrectomized eyes and 1 week in vitrectomized eyes, respectively, and by IVA for 6 weeks in nonvitrectomized eyes and 4 weeks in vitrectomized eyes, respectively. In the untreated control eyes, the ranibizumab and aflibercept concentrations were below the LOD, and the VEGF aqueous concentrations remained unchanged after IVR and decreased for 3 days after IVA. CONCLUSIONS Intravitreally injected ranibizumab and aflibercept have similar half-lives in aqueous humor and shorter half-lives in vitrectomized eyes. Compared to IVR, IVA suppresses VEGF level for a longer time period.
Phosphoinositide metabolism at fertilization of sea urchin eggs measured with a GFP‐probe

Fertilization elicits a dramatic, transient rise in Ca2+ within the egg which is an essential component of egg activation and consequent initiation of development. In the sea urchin egg, three distinct Ca2+ stores have been identified which could, either individually or in combination, initiate Ca2+ release at fertilization. Inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (IP3) production by phospholipase C (PLC) has been suggested as the singular signal in initiating the Ca2+ transient. Other studies indicate that Ca2+ stores gated by cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (cADPR) or nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) are also necessary. We have examined the temporal relationship between the Ca2+ rise and IP3 production at fertilization in vivo within individual eggs using a green fluorescent protein (GFP) coupled to a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain that can detect changes in IP3. Translocation of the probe occurred after the Ca2+ rise was initiated. Earlier, and possibly smaller, IP3 changes could not be excluded due to limitations in probe sensitivity. High IP3 levels are maintained during the decline in cytoplasmic Ca2+, suggesting that later IP3 metabolism might not be related to regulation of Ca2+, but may function to modulate other PIP2 regulated events such as actin polymerization or reflect other novel phosphoinositide signaling pathways.
Non-reciprocal gyrotropy in graphene: New phenomena and applications

The non-reciprocal gyrotropic properties of magnetically biased graphene are presented and subsequent potential applications are proposed. Graphene exhibits strong Faraday rotation at microwave frequencies. The amount of rotation can be controlled by both an applied static magnetic field, which controls the cyclotron resonance frequency, and an applied static electric field, which tunes the chemical potential of the material. As an application of Faraday rotation, we present, beyond recently reported non-reciprocal components, a waveguide setup for the extraction of the conductivity tensor of graphene. Moreover, it is shown that a graphene strip supports surface magneto-plasmon modes, each of which propagates along one of its edges, at THz frequencies. Exploiting this effect, a non-reciprocal phase shifter can be realized by placing a conducting plate along one side of the strip.
The impact of pre-existing anxiety on affective and cognitive processing of a Virtual Reality analogue trauma

Dysfunctional processing of traumatic events may be in particular related to high trait anxiety as a pre-traumatic risk factor for the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, as this has rarely been investigated in prospective, experimental studies, we aimed to analyse the association between high trait anxiety and affective as well as cognitive processing of stress using a new prospective Virtual Reality analogue trauma paradigm to overcome limitations of retrospective or current analogue designs. Individuals with high and low trait anxiety (N = 80) were exposed to a multi-sensory Virtual Reality emergency scenario while psychophysiological stress response, emotion regulation and intrusive memories were assessed. Our results showed that high trait anxiety individuals display increased (i) subjective stress responses, (ii) emotion dysregulation and (iii) intrusive memories upon VR analogue trauma exposure. In particular, our sample of high trait anxiety individuals displayed limited access to different emotion regulation strategies as well as increased worry and rumination regarding perceived intrusive memories. Considering the complex interplay of multiple risk factors, our findings suggests that peri-traumatic affective processing seems to mediate high trait anxiety and post-traumatic intrusive memories thereby pointing out the central role of peri-traumatic processes for intrusion development. In addition, HA as a modulating pre-traumatic risk factor might further increase the risk of later dysfunctional processing of an analogue trauma by interacting with factors of affective processing during analogue trauma exposure. Implications of these findings which may contribute to a higher risk to develop PTSD are discussed.
Enhanced solubility and dissolution rate of lamotrigine by inclusion complexation and solid dispersion technique

The solid‐state properties and dissolution behaviour of lamotrigine in its inclusion complex with β‐cyclodextrin (βCD) and solid dispersions with polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP K30) and polyethyl‐eneglycol 6000 were investigated. The phase solubility profile of lamotrigine with βCD was classified as AL‐type, indicating formation of a 1:1 stoichiometry inclusion complex, with a stability constant of 369.96 ± 2.26 M−1. Solvent evaporation and kneading methods were used to prepare solid dispersions and inclusion complexes, respectively. The interaction of lamotrigine with these hydrophilic carriers was evaluated by powder X‐ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. These studies revealed that the drug was no longer present in crystalline state but was converted to an amorphous form. Among the binary systems tested, PVP K30 (1:5) showed greatest enhancement of the solubility and dissolution of lamotrigine.
Transparent Execution of Task-Based Parallel Applications in Docker with COMP Superscalar

This paper presents a framework to easily build and execute parallel applications in container-based distributed computing platforms in a user transparent way. The proposed framework is a combination of the COMP Superscalar and Docker. We have built a prototype in order to evaluate how it performs by evaluating the overhead in the building, deployment and execution phases. We have observed an important gain compared with cloud environments during the building and deployment phases. In contrast, we have detected an extra overhead during the execution, which is mainly due to the multi-host Docker networking.
Decline in lung function in patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis treated with or without progesterone.

STUDY OBJECTIVE Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), a disease affecting women and causing cystic lung lesions, and, in some instances, leading to respiratory failure and death, appears to be exacerbated by estrogens. Hence, hormonal therapy with progesterone is frequently employed; however, efficacy has not been demonstrated. Our aim was to determine whether progesterone administration slowed the decline in lung function in LAM. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS The study population comprised 348 patients with LAM participating in a longitudinal research protocol. Declines in diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (Dlco) and FEV(1) were measured in 275 patients observed for approximately 4 years. The declines in Dlco and FEV(1) of patients treated with progesterone, po (n = 67) or IM (n = 72), were compared with those of untreated patients (n = 136). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Overall yearly rates of decline in Dlco and FEV(1) were 2.4 +/- 0.4% predicted (0.69 +/- 0.07 mL/min/mm Hg) and 1.7 +/- 0.4% predicted (75 +/- 9 mL), respectively (mean +/- SEM). The most significant predictors of functional decline were initial lung function and age. After adjusting for initial FEV(1), age, and duration of disease, patients treated with IM progesterone tended to have lower rates of decline in FEV(1) than patients treated po (1.9 +/- 0.6% predicted vs 3.2 +/- 0.8% predicted, respectively; p = 0.081). However, there was no significant difference in rates of decline in FEV(1) between patients treated with IM progesterone and untreated patients (1.9 +/- 0.6% predicted vs 0.8 +/- 0.5% predicted, respectively; p = 0.520), and patients treated with po progesterone and untreated patients (3.2 +/- 0.8% predicted vs 0.8 +/- 0.5% predicted, respectively; p = 0.064). After adjusting for initial Dlco, rates of decline in Dlco were significantly higher in patients treated with po progesterone (3.6 +/- 0.7% predicted, p = 0.002) and IM progesterone (2.8 +/- 0.5% predicted, p = 0.022) than in untreated patients (1.6 +/- 0.6% predicted). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of a retrospective study, our data suggest that progesterone therapy does not slow the decline in lung function in LAM.
Diagnosis and Management of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in the Mother, Fetus, and Newborn Infant

SUMMARY Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the leading cause of congenital viral infection and mental retardation. HCMV infection, while causing asymptomatic infections in most immunocompetent subjects, can be transmitted during pregnancy from the mother with primary (and also recurrent) infection to the fetus. Hence, careful diagnosis of primary infection is required in the pregnant woman based on the most sensitive serologic assays (immunoglobulin M [IgM] and IgG avidity assays) and conventional virologic and molecular procedures for virus detection in blood. Maternal prognostic markers of fetal infection are still under investigation. If primary infection is diagnosed in a timely manner, prenatal diagnosis can be offered, including the search for virus and virus components in fetal blood and amniotic fluid, with fetal prognostic markers of HCMV disease still to be defined. However, the final step for definite diagnosis of congenital HCMV infection is detection of virus in the blood or urine in the first 1 to 2 weeks of life. To date, treatment of congenital infection with antiviral drugs is only palliative both prior to and after birth, whereas the only efficacious preventive measure seems to be the development of a safe and immunogenic vaccine, including recombinant, subunit, DNA, and peptide-based vaccines now under investigation. The following controversial issues are discussed in the light of the most recent advances in the field: the actual perception of the problem; universal serologic screening before pregnancy; the impact of correct counseling on decision making by the couple involved; the role of prenatal diagnosis in ascertaining transmission of virus to the fetus; the impact of preconceptional and periconceptional infections on the prevalence of congenital infection; and the prevalence of congenitally infected babies born to mothers who were immune prior to pregnancy compared to the number born to mothers undergoing primary infection during pregnancy.
Taxonomic comments on Anouria caudifer, Artibeus lituratus and Molossus molossus.

Among a collection of bats made in 1962–1963 in the Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia, were specimens of Anoura caudifer, Artibeus lituratus and Molossus molossus . Measurements, reproductive and ecological data are given for each of these taxa. The currently recognized subspecies of A. caudifer, A. c. caudifer Geoffroy and A. c. aequatoris Lonnberg, are not distinguishable, and A. caudifer should be considered monotypic. The South American races of Artibeus lituratus are reviewed, and it is suggested that recognition of two rather than the four current races should be considered. Taxonomic aspects of South American Molossus molossus are discussed.
Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Surgical Outcomes in Sports Medicine

Abstract Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects a significant proportion of the patients evaluated and treated by orthopedic surgeons who specialize in sports medicine. Sports-medicine-related conditions associated with DM include tendinopathy, adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder, and articular cartilage disease. This article reviews the current literature adressing the effect of DM on surgical outcomes in sports medicine. In general, patients with DM undergo operations more frequently and experience inferior surgical outcomes compared with patients without DM. Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased rates of complications from sports medicine procedures, such as infection, delayed healing, and failure of the operation. However, additional research is needed to determine the full impact of DM on patient outcomes in sports medicine. Surgeons should be cognizant of special considerations in the population of patients with DM and aim to tailor the surgical management of this growing patient population.
The incidence of ischemic heart disease and mortality in people with subclinical hypothyroidism: reanalysis of the Whickham Survey cohort.

CONTEXT The Whickham Survey evaluated vascular events over 20 yr in community-dwelling subjects stratified by thyroid function and thyroid autoantibody status. No association between ischemic heart disease (IHD) and a composite autoimmune thyroid disease group, comprising individuals with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), with positive thyroid antibodies or those using levothyroxine, was found. This result appears to be at odds with the findings of other cohort studies. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to evaluate incident IHD and mortality in participants in relation to their thyroid status. OUTCOMES, DESIGN, AND PARTICIPANTS: Data were reanalyzed assessing incident IHD events and mortality during 20 yr of follow-up in individuals with endogenous SCH (n = 97; TSH 6.0-15 mIU/liter) vs. the euthyroid group (n = 2279), who were IHD free at baseline. RESULTS Incident IHD was significantly higher in the SCH group [adjusted hazard ratio 1.76 (95% confidence interval 1.15-2.71); P = 0.01]. IHD mortality was also increased in the SCH group [hazard ratio of 1.79 (1.02-3.56); P = 0.05]. These findings lost their significance when subsequent treatment with levothyroxine was excluded from the regression model. There was no difference in all-cause mortality between the groups. CONCLUSION In the Whickham Survey, there is an association between incident IHD events and IHD-related mortality with SCH over the 20 yr of follow-up. Furthermore, subsequent treatment of SCH with levothyroxine appears to attenuate IHD-related morbidity and mortality, and this may explain why some other longitudinal studies of SCH have not shown such an association; properly designed controlled trials of treatment of SCH are required to answer this question definitively.
Mammalian genes coordinately regulated by growth arrest signals and DNA-damaging agents

More than 20 different cDNA clones encoding DNA-damage-inducible transcripts in rodent cells have recently been isolated by hybridization subtraction (A. J. Fornace, Jr., I. Alamo, Jr., and M. C. Hollander, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:8800-8804, 1988). In most cells, one effect of DNA damage is the transient inhibition of DNA synthesis and cell growth. We now show that five of our clones encode transcripts that are increased by other growth cessation signals: growth arrest by serum reduction, medium depletion, contact inhibition, or a 24-h exposure to hydroxyurea. The genes coding for these transcripts have been designated gadd (growth arrest and DNA damage inducible). Two of the gadd cDNA clones were found to hybridize at high stringency to transcripts from human cells that were induced after growth cessation signals or treatment with DNA-damaging agents, which indicates that these responses have been conserved during mammalian evolution. In contrast to results with growth-arrested cells that still had the capacity to grow after removal of the growth arrest conditions, no induction occurred in HL60 cells when growth arrest was produced by terminal differentiation, indicating that only certain kinds of growth cessation signals induce these genes. All of our experiments suggest that the gadd genes are coordinately regulated: the kinetics of induction for all five transcripts were similar; in addition, overexpression of gadd genes was found in homozygous deletion c14CoS/c14CoS mice that are missing a small portion of chromosome 7, suggesting that a trans-acting factor encoded by a gene in this deleted portion is a negative effector of the gadd genes. The gadd genes may represent part of a novel regulatory pathway involved in the negative control of mammalian cell growth.
5-Aza-2''-deoxycytidine inhibits retinoblastoma cell by reactivating epigenetically silenced RASSF1A gene.

AIM To investigate the effect of 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR), a DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor, on the growth and survival of the Chinese retinoblastoma (RB) cell line HXO-RB44. METHODS The DNA methylation status of the Ras association domain family (RASSF1A) promoter in the presence of 5-Aza-CdR at different concentrations was analyzed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). RASSF1A mRNA and protein levels were measured by semiquantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry staining, respectively, when cells were treated with 5. 0µmol/L of 5-Aza-CdR. The effect of 5. 0µmol/L 5-Aza-CdR on the proliferation and viability of HXO-RB44 cells was examined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry. RESULTS 5-Aza-CdR efficiently induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 and apoptotic death in HXO-RB44 cells. MSP analysis showed that unmethylated RASSF1A DNA increased and methylated RASSF1A decreased in a dose-dependent manner in a range of 0.5-5. 0µmol/L 5-Aza-CdR. Accordingly, RASSF1A expression was reactivated at both mRNA and protein levels. Incubation time of 5-Aza-CdR treatment also functioned as a factor for the demethylation status of RASSF1A promoter DNA, with a plateau on day four. 5-Aza-CdR at 5. 0µmol/L completely demethylated the RASSF1A promoter in HXO-RB44 cells on day four, and as a result, RASSF1A expression increased significantly from day 4 to day 7. CONCLUSION 5-Aza-CdR inhibits the growth of the HXO-RB44 RB cell line and induces apoptosis by demethylating the RASSF1A gene.
Exploring the market appeal of Indigenous tourism: A netnographic perspective

Indigenous tourism in Australia continues to decline in spite of the global marketing efforts of the country’s national tourism organization. One suggestion is that social desirability bias in previous visitor demand studies has been masking the underlying causes for this low market appeal. A netnographic approach was adopted in this exploratory study that utilized 4684 online reviews from international visitors to elicit qualitative insights into visitor’s satisfaction and dissatisfaction with their Indigenous tourism experiences in Australia, with the aim of uncovering the underlying factors which may account for declining visitor demand. The netnographic approach provided a wealth of insights into the aspects of the experience that visitors viewed both favourably and unfavourably. In fact, it is demonstrated that international visitors are overwhelmingly positive about their experiences, a finding not typically supported in the existing research. As such, this study has highlighted that there is a dissonance between those who actually participate in an Indigenous experience and non-visitors; a number of potential reasons for this are discussed, as are the marketing implications.