Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparison study of genetic codings for the traveling salesman problem

In applying the genetic algorithm (GA) to optimization problems, both a genetic coding method and a method of genetic operations are essential for making a search effective. Moreover, freedom in a genetic representation, e.g. redundant coding, is indispensable for achieving a successful self-organization in GA. This paper treats the case of the application of a GA to the traveling salesman problem (TSP), and proposes four ways of redundantly coding a tour plan. Then, based on several computational experiments, the coding methods have been mutually compared from the viewpoints of the search efficiency, i.e. the effects of genetic operators, the quality of the obtained tours, and the number of generations required for finding near-optimal tours. As a result, the search for the optimal tour is found to be most effective in the case of the coding based on the link information, while the simple GA is found not to be sufficient for solving large-scale problems. Then, the GA is modified by supplementing some new mechanisms. The results of the computational experiments suggest the applicability of the modified GA to large-scale problems. <<ETX>>
Structure and function of the adhesive type IV pilus of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius.

Archaea display a variety of type IV pili on their surface and employ them in different physiological functions. In the crenarchaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius the most abundant surface structure is the aap pilus (archaeal adhesive pilus). The construction of in frame deletions of the aap genes revealed that all the five genes (aapA, aapX, aapE, aapF, aapB) are indispensible for assembly of the pilus and an impact on surface motility and biofilm formation was observed. Our analyses revealed that there exists a regulatory cross-talk between the expression of aap genes and archaella (formerly archaeal flagella) genes during different growth phases. The structure of the aap pilus is entirely different from the known bacterial type IV pili as well as other archaeal type IV pili. An aap pilus displayed 3 stranded helices where there is a rotation per subunit of ∼138° and a rise per subunit of ∼5.7 Å. The filaments have a diameter of ∼110 Å and the resolution was judged to be ∼9 Å. We concluded that small changes in sequence might be amplified by large changes in higher-order packing. Our finding of an extraordinary stability of aap pili possibly represents an adaptation to harsh environments that S. acidocaldarius encounters.
Prevalence and Costs of Co-occurring Traumatic Brain Injury With and Without Psychiatric Disturbance and Pain Among Afghanistan and Iraq War Veteran VA Users

Background:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the “signature injury” in the Afghanistan and Iraq wars [Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan (OEF)/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF)]. Patients with combat-related TBI also have high rates of psychiatric disturbances and pain. Objectives:To determine the prevalence of TBI alone and TBI with other conditions and the average cost of medical care for veterans with these diagnoses. Methods:Observational study using national inpatient, outpatient, and pharmacy data from Veterans Health Administration (VHA) datasets. Costs are estimated from utilization related to care within the VHA system. Participants were all OEF/OIF VHA users in 2009. Results:Among 327,388 OEF/OIF veterans using VHA services in 2009, 6.7% were diagnosed with TBI. Among those with TBI diagnoses, 89% were diagnosed with a psychiatric diagnosis [the most frequent being posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at 73%], and 70% had a diagnosis of head, back, or neck pain. The rate of comorbid PTSD and pain among those with and without TBI was 54% and 11%, respectively. The median annual cost per patient was nearly 4-times higher for TBI-diagnosed veterans as compared with those without TBI ($5831 vs. $1547). Within the TBI group, cost increased as diagnostic complexity increased, such that those with TBI, pain, and PTSD demonstrated the highest median cost per patient ($7974). Conclusions:The vast majority of VHA patients diagnosed with TBI also have a diagnosed mental disorder and more than half have both PTSD and pain. Patients with these comorbidities incur substantial medical costs and represent a target population for future research aimed at improving health care efficiency.
Euskararen kronologia erlatiboa nkatzeko lehen hurbilketa

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Euskararen kronologia erlatiboa finkatzeko lehen hurbilketa Urtzi Reguero Ugarte
Investigating Feed Mix Problem Approaches: An Overview and Potential Solution

Feed is one of the factors which play an important role in determining a successful development of an aquaculture industry. It is always critical to produce the best aquaculture diet at a minimum cost in order to trim down the operational cost and gain more profit. However, the feed mix problem becomes increasingly difficult since many issues need to be considered simultaneously.Thus, the purpose of this paper is to review the current techniques used by nutritionist and researchers to tackle the issues. Additionally, this paper introduce an enhance algorithm which is deemed suitable to deal with all the issues arise. The proposed technique refers to Hybrid Genetic Algorithm which is expected to obtain the minimum cost diet for farmed animal, while satisfying nutritional requirements. Hybrid GA technique with artificial bee algorithm is expected to reduce the penalty function and provide a better solution for the feed mix problem.
Nutritional intervention with fish oil provides a benefit over standard of care for weight and skeletal muscle mass in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer receiving chemotherapy

Involuntary weight loss is a major contributor to mortality and morbidity in patients with advanced cancer. Nutritional intervention with fish oil (FO)‐derived eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) may prevent deterioration of body composition. This study compared intervention with FO with standard of care (SOC; no intervention) with regard to weight, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue in newly referred patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer from the time of initiation to completion of first‐line chemotherapy.
Neural network filters for speech enhancement

In adaptive noise cancelling, linear digital filters have been used to minimize the mean squared difference between filter outputs and the desired signal. However, for non-Gaussian probability density functions of the involved signals, nonlinear filters can further reduce the mean squared difference, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio at the system output. This is illustrated with a two-microphone beamformer for cancelling directional interference. In the case of a single uniformly distributed interference, we establish the optimum nonlinear performance limit. To approximate optimum performance, we realize two nonlinear filter architectures, the Volterra filter and the multilayer perceptron. The Volterra filter is also examined for speech interference. The beamformer is adapted to minimize the mean squared difference, but performance is measured with the intelligibility weighted gain. This criterion requires the signal-to-noise ratio at the beamformer output. For the nonlinear processor, this can only be determined when no target components exist in the reference channel of the noise canceller so that the target is transmitted without distortion. Under these ideal conditions and at equal filter lengths, the quadratic Volterra filter improves the intelligibility-weighted gain by maximally 2 dB relative to the linear filter.
Numerical computation of the space-domain mixed potential Green's functions for planar layered structures with arbitrarily magnetized ferrites

This work reports a numerical method to generate the space-domain Green's functions used in the mixed potential integral equation (MPIE) formulation for planar structures when arbitrarily magnetized ferrite slabs are present. The presence of ferrite slabs in planar layered structures has been previously accounted for in the framework of the spectral-domain electric field integral equation (EFIE) formulation of the problem. The proposed numerical approach will allow the MPIE formulation to deal this kind of substrates. Asymptotic extraction and interpolation techniques have been used in order to keep the computational effort within reasonable limits.
Relationship between systemic nitric oxide metabolites and cyclic GMP in healthy male volunteers

Aim: Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenous mediator of many physiological processes, many of which are mediated by cyclic guanosine 3′,5′‐monophosphate (cGMP). Much effort has been made to validate clinical markers of NO production or bioavailability. While the measurement of plasma nitrate, nitrite, and cGMP concentrations have been suggested to reflect endogenous production of NO, there is no study showing whether there is correlation between these three markers. In the present study, we investigate whether there is correlation between the plasma concentrations of nitrate, nitrite, and cGMP in a relatively homogeneous group of 141 healthy subjects.
Oxoammonium cation intermediate in the nitroxide-catalyzed dismutation of superoxide.

Dismutation of superoxide has been shown previously to be catalyzed by stable nitroxide compounds. In the present study, the mechanism of superoxide (.O2-) dismutation by various five-membered ring and six-membered ring nitroxides was studied by electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometry, UV-visible spectrophotometry, cyclic voltammetry, and bulk electrolysis. Electron paramagnetic resonance signals from the carbocyclic nitroxide derivatives (piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, and pyrrolinyl) were unchanged when exposed to enzymatically generated . O2-, whereas, in the presence of . O2- and reducing agents such as NADH and NADPH, the nitroxides underwent reduction to their respective hydroxylamines. The reaction of 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-hydroxypiperidine (Tempol-H) with . O2- was measured and, in agreement with earlier reports on related compounds, the rate was found to be too slow to be consistent with a mechanism of . O2- dismutation involving the hydroxylamine as an intermediate. Voltammetric analyses of the carbocyclic nitroxide derivatives revealed a reversible one-electron redox couple at positive potentials. In contrast, oxazolidine derivatives were irreversibly oxidized. At negative potentials, all of the nitroxides studied exhibited a broad, irreversible reductive wave. The rate of . O2- dismutation correlated with the reversible midpoint redox potential. Bulk electrolysis at positive potentials was found to generate a metastable oxidized form of the nitroxide. The results indicate that the dismutation of . O2- is catalyzed by the oxoammonium/nitroxide redox couple for carbocyclic nitroxide derivatives. In addition to the one-electron mitochondrial reduction pathway, the present results suggest the possibility that cellular bioreduction by a two-electron pathway may occur subsequent to oxidation of stable nitroxides. Furthermore, the cellular destruction of persistent spin adduct nitroxides might also be facilitated by a primary univalent oxidation.
Unsupervised seed determination for a region-based color image segmentation scheme

A color image segmentation technique is presented for use in coding and/or compression of video-conferencing sequences. The proposed technique utilizes the perceptual HSI (hue, saturation, intensity) color space and incorporates an unsupervised seed determination algorithm that finds the seed pixels that are in the spatial center of the regions in the image. The algorithm employs a hierarchy system where seeds found at the highest level produce the best results. The region growing algorithm uses these seeds to grow regions by appending to each seed pixel those neighboring pixels that satisfy a certain homogeneity criterion. The technique is found to be robust and relatively computationally inexpensive. The effectiveness of the algorithm is found to be much improved over techniques used in the past.
Knowledge and Attitude of Primary School Teachers in Tehran/Iran towards ADHD and SLD.

The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of primary school teachers in Tehran (Iran) towards attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and specific learning disability (SLD). This study was conducted on 205 primary school teachers in Tehran. Using multi-stage sampling, 25 schools were selected randomly. The selected teachers completed a self-report questionnaire on knowledge and attitude towards ADHD and SLD. They were found to have average knowledge of as well as mostly neutral attitudes towards SLD and ADHD. There was a positive significant relationship between knowledge and attitude scores of the participants on the two disorders. Regarding students with ADHD or SLD, instead of referring to specialists, most teachers chose to inform the parents. Our findings mainly indicate average knowledge and attitude scores for both ADHD and SLD-compared to lower findings in previous studies. Those responsible for organizing and holding in-service training workshops on these issues need to have complete mastery and up-to-date information. It is necessary that the results of such studies be used in educational planning and policy making in the Ministry of Education.
Incorporating anthropogenic water regulation modules into a land surface model

AbstractAnthropogenic activities have been significantly perturbing global freshwater flows and groundwater reserves. Despite numerous advances in the development of land surface models (LSMs) and global terrestrial hydrological models (GHMs), relatively few studies have attempted to simulate the impacts of anthropogenic activities on the terrestrial water cycle using the framework of LSMs. From the comparison of simulated terrestrial water storage with the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite observations it is found that a process-based LSM, the Minimal Advanced Treatments of Surface Interaction and Runoff (MATSIRO), outperforms the bucket-model-based GHM called H08 in simulating hydrologic variables, particularly in water-limited regions. Therefore, the water regulation modules of H08 are incorporated into MATSIRO. Further, a new irrigation scheme based on the soil moisture deficit is developed. Incorporation of anthropogenic water regulation modules significantly improves river di.
Analysis of Global and Local Force Harmonics and Their Effects on Vibration in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines

This paper aims to clarify global and local force harmonics and their effects on vibration in permanent magnet (PM) synchronous machines. The local force includes both the tangential and radial forces distributing on the stator bore while global force refers to cogging torque and torque ripple. First, the expressions of local tangential and radial forces are derived based on the periodicity of magnetic field. The relationship between local tangential force and global force is also established. Then, the work continues with the effects of global and local forces on vibration. It is found global force may induce remarkable lateral motion when the mounting stiffness is low, while the main combined effect of local radial and tangential forces is inducing radial vibration. At last, influence of reducing global force on the vibration is investigated. It is shown even the vibration induced by global force itself does not always decrease, because this sort of vibration depends on both the harmonic components of optimized global force and the specific mounting conditions. The influence on vibration induced by local force is determined by the overall variation of flux density harmonics. Moreover, it is shown that PM arc shaping is a promising candidate for vibration mitigation.
1.27Gb/s/pin 3mW/pin wireless superconnect (WSC) interface scheme

A low-power high-speed chip-to-chip interface scheme is described having a density of 625pins/mm/sup 2/. The interface utilizes capacitively coupled contactless minipads, return-to-half-V/sub 00/ signaling and sense amplifying F/F. The measured test chip fabricated in 0.35/spl mu/m CMOS delivers up to 1.27Gb/s/pin at 3mW/pin.
Taxonomic Classification Kingdom Plantae Subkingdom

Rheum emodi Wall. ex Meissn (family Polygonaceae) is a stout perennial herb that grows predominantly in sub-tropical and temperate regions of Asian countries including India, Nepal, China and Bhutan. In India, it is distributed in altitudes ranging from 2800 to 3800 m in the temperate and subtropical regions of Himalayas [1]. It is commonly known as Rhubarb in English and revand-chini in Hindi. It is also known by some other names such as amla-vetasa, Indian rhubarb, Himalayan rhubarb, archu, Chinese Rhubarb, Bangla Revanchini, Reval-chini, Rhabarber, Rheuchini, Tursak and Variyattu. Roots of R. emodi are widely used in Ayurvedic and Asian folk medicine as a stomachic, purgative, astringent, and tonic. It is also used by traditional healers in certain skin diseases, fevers, ulcers, bacterial infections, fungal infections, jaundice and liver disorders [2-5]. Compounds isolated from R. emodi reported to have, antiviral, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, tumor cell-growth inhibitory and cytostatic activities. Anthraquinones, a type of polyphenolic compounds with much pharmaceutical importance are the major active constituents of this plant showing significant biological activities [3-7]
Duration of hypoxaemia after uncomplicated upper abdominal and thoraco‐abdominal operations

Abdominal operations are often followed by hypoxaemia which persists for several days after operation. Gordh et al. 1 and Diament & Palmer2 found markedly decreased arterial oxygen tensions on the first postoperative day, and Palmer & Gardiner3 have noticed decreased oxygen saturations up to 5 days after clinically uncomplicated upper abdominal operations. The present investigation was designed to estimate the degree and, especially, the duration of the decrease in arterial oxygen tension (Pa,) after uncomplicated upper abdominal and thoraco-abdominal operations on the digestive system.
Type Error Customization in GHC ( DRAFT ) Controlling expression-level type errors by type-level programming

Abstract Embedded domain specic languages (DSLs) are a common paern in the functional programming world, providing very high-level abstractions to programmer. Unfortunately, this abstraction is broken when type errors occur, leaking details of the DSL implementation. In this paper we present a set of techniques for customizing type error diagnosis in order to avoid this leaking. ese techniques have been implemented in the GHC Haskell compiler. Our customizations are declared in the type signatures of functions provided by the DSL, leading to type error message that are context-dependent: the same kind of error can be reported in a dierent way depending on the particular expression in which it occurs. We make use of the ability to manipulate constraints using type-level programming which is already present in GHC, and which enables reuse and abstraction of common type error paerns.
Effects of altering palmitylation sites on biosynthesis and function of the influenza virus hemagglutinin

Mutagenesis studies indicated that the three cytoplasmic cysteines of the influenza virus A/Japan/305/57 hemagglutinin (HA) are all palmitylated, but to an unequal extent. Replacement of all three cysteines abolished palmitylation, but affected neither HA biosynthesis nor function. Palmitate was not required for HA to be incorporated into virions.
Facilitation of Plasmid Transfer in Streptococcus pneumoniae by Chromosomal Homology

The frequency of plasmid establishment in the transformation of Streptococcus pneumoniae by plasmid DNA was increased more than 10-fold when the plasmid carried DNA homologous to the host chromosome. Perfect homology was not necessary for such facilitation; small additions or deletions were tolerated, but extensive deletions in the homologous segment of either plasmid or chromosome reduced or eliminated facilitation. The facilitated plasmid transfer showed a linear dependence on monomeric plasmid concentration rather than the quadratic dependence found in the absence of homology, which indicated that entering plasmid fragments interacted with the chromosome rather than with each other to establish a plasmid replicon. Restriction enzyme cleavage of the plasmid in the nonhomologous segment destroyed its activity, but cleavage in the homologous segment or even enzymatic removal of part of that segment did not prevent plasmid transfer, and plasmids of the original size were established. In facilitated transfer, chromosomal markers (additions and deletions as well as single-site mutations) entered the plasmid with a frequency ranging from 10 to 90% depending on the marker location. Several possible mechanisms for the establishment of plasmids in the presence of chromosomal homology and for the transfer of chromosomal information are considered. They depend on synapsis of the newly entered single-strand plasmid fragment with the host chromosome and subsequent copying of, donation from, or integration into the homologous chromosomal segment. After plasmid establishment, equilibration of donor and chromosomal markers between the chromosome and the plasmid pool, presumably by homologous recombination events, was observed.
Recommender systems: An overview of different approaches to recommendations

This paper presents an overview of the field of recommender systems and describes the present generation of recommendation methods. Recommender systems or recommendation systems (RSs) are a subset of information filtering system and are software tools and techniques providing suggestions to the user according to their need. Many popular Ecommerce sites widely use RSs to recommend news, music, research articles, books, and product items. Recommendation systems use personal, implicit and local information from the Internet. This paper attempts to describe various limitations of recommendation methods and their advantages.
Learning Multimodal Parameters: A Bare-Bones Niching Differential Evolution Approach

Most learning methods contain optimization as a substep, where the nondifferentiability and multimodality of objectives push forward the interplay of evolutionary optimization algorithms and machine learning models. The recently emerged evolutionary multimodal optimization (MMOP) technique enables the learning of diverse sets of effective parameters for the models simultaneously, providing new opportunities to the applications requiring both accuracy and diversity, such as ensemble, interactive, and interpretive learning. Targeting at locating multiple optima simultaneously in the multimodal landscape, this paper develops an efficient neighborhood-based niching algorithm. Bare-bones differential evolution is used as the baseline. Further, using Gaussian mutation with local mean and standard deviations, the neighborhoods capture niches that match well with the contours of peaks in the landscape. To increase diversity and enhance global exploration, the proposed algorithm embeds a diversity preserving operator to reinitialize converged or overlapped neighborhoods. The experimental results verify that the proposed algorithm has superior and consistent performance for a wide range of MMOP problems. Further, the algorithm has been successfully applied to train neural network ensembles, which validates its effectiveness and benefits of learning multimodal parameters.