Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Smart switching in feedforward control of grip force during manipulation of elastic objects

Switching systems are common in artificial control systems. Here, we suggest that the brain adopts a switched feedforward control of grip forces during manipulation of objects. We measured how participants modulated grip force when interacting with soft and rigid virtual springs when stiffness varied nearly continuously between trials. We identified a sudden phase transition between two forms of feedforward control that differed in the timing of the synchronization between the anticipated load force and the applied grip force. The switch occurred several trials after a threshold stiffness level. These results suggest that in the control of grip force, the brain acts as a switching control system. This opens new research questions as to the nature of the discrete state variables that drive the switching.
Desenvolvimento do esqueleto em embriões de Caiman yacare (Daudin 1802) (Crocodylia, Alligatoridae)

The cranium is a singular structure to vertebrates, and their actual anatomy is the result of thousands years of evolution, so the main focus of morphological and systematic studies. Given the importance of their detailed study aimed to clarify the processes of formation of the cranium in embryos of Caiman yacare. Embryos were collected at regular intervals throughout the incubation period, which were later submitted to the protocol of clearing and staining bones by the method of Davis and Gore (1936). The ossification pattern in C. yacare following general parameters in reptiles and other tetrapods, where the first bones to ossify are those involved in primary functions such as eating, and they, the upper jaw, some elements of the lower jaw, the pterygoid, jugal, ectopterygoides and it includes teeth, later. The bones of the dorsal portion of the skull ossify later, showing a cranial fontanelle that remains until the time of hatching. The parietal, frontal and opsthotic bones have more than one ossification center that fuse during ontogeny. The occipital portion also does not form completely until the hatching, once the morphology of young individuals is very similar to that present in adults.
Biology of Pontia daplidice (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) on its New Host Plant Lepidium pinnatifidium from Potohar Region, Pakistan

The butterfly Pontia daplidice (L.) was found in large numbers during April to September 2014 in Pother Region. Its eggs and larvae were found on Raphanus sativus, Brassica napus, Coronopus didymus and Lepidium pinnatifidium which were the major part of local flora in the study area. Among host plants L. pinnatifidum was found to be a new host plant for P. daplidice, where its eggs and larvae were found on young leaves and inflorescence. Life cycle of P. daplidice was studied on L. pinnatifidum in laboratory from February to September 2014. During study it was observed that temperature affect the life cycle of P. daplidice significantly. The local nectar flora of the study area was Lantana camara, Rosa indica, Jasminum officinale, J. grandiflorum, Conyza bonariensis and Fumaria indica.
Isolation and Expression of Anthocyanin Pathway Related Genes in Actinidia

Twelve genes related to anthocyanin synthesis were isolated from the red flesh of the kiwifruit cultivar, Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis 'Hongyang', by cDNA and SSH library sequencing and homologue cloning. These genes include partial- or fulllength structural genes, chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), leucoanthocyanin deoxygenase (LDOX), UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-Oglucosyltransferase (UFGT) and UDPG, regulatory genes as myeloblast (MYB) and tryptophan-aspartate (WD) proteins, and transporting proteins such as multidrug resistance-associated proteins(MRP)-like ABC transporters. The isolated AcF3H ORF was 1101 bp in length, which encoded a 366 amino-acid peptide. AcF3H expression level was high before coloration, and then decreased at the early stage. Real-time PCR showed that AcDFR1 expression was extremely high in a greenfleshed cultivar, A. chinensis var. deliciosa 'Jinkui', at anthesis, and remained very high during later development, but was lower in the yellow-fleshed cultivar, A. chinensis var. chinensis 'Jinnong', and the red-fleshed 'Hongyang'. Expression of AcDFR2 was very low at all stages of 'Jinkui', but higher in 'Jinnong' and 'Hongyang'. Nevertheless, transcription levels of AcDFR1 and AcDFR2 increased with fruit coloration of the yellow/red-fleshed cultivars, especially in the later stages of development.
Ekstraksi Propolis dan Sintesis Nanopropolis Lebah Madu Trigona spp

NURUL SYIFA QURBATUSSOFA. The Extraction of Propolis and Synthesis of Nanopropolis Honey Bee Trigona spp. Under the direction of I MADE ARTIKA and EMAN KUSTAMAN. Propolis is a resin adhesive material collected from worker bees from the buds, bark, and other plant parts. Propolis have many benefits are as antibacterial, aniviral, and anticancer. The purpose of this study is to search method of extraction and nanopropolis synthesis that will produce the high effectiveness, knowing antibacterial activity and knowing value of optimization nanopropolis as antibacterial against E. coli . Propolis extracted uses the method maceration with modification MAE (microwave-assisted extraction). Futhermore synthesis of nanopropolis use Aimi methode modified by high speed homogenization, hopefully nanopropolis more effective than propolis as antibacterial. The yield of propolis extract is 10.93%. The values of PSA from nanopropolis are 176.30 nm, 205.10 nm, and 295.80 nm. Result activity antibacterial nanopropolis with disc diffusion methode againts E. coli indicated nanopropolis does not have antibacterial, because nanopropolis does not produce cleare zones in disc paper area. The result from ampicilin is does not have antibacterial againts E. coli. Key word : antibacterial, nanopropolis, propolis. EKSTRAKSI PROPOLIS DAN SINTESIS NANOPROPOLIS LEBAH MADU Trigona spp NURUL SYIFA QURBATUSSOFA Skripsi sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Sains pada Departemen Biokimia DEPARTEMEN BIOKIMIA FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR BOGOR 2013
SYSTEMATICS, MORPHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY Morfología de los Estados Inmaduros y Adulto de Neohydatothrips denigratus (De Santis) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), con Datos sobre su Biología

ABSTRACT - The adult female of Neohydatothrips denigratus (De Santis) is redescribed, the male and immature stages (larva, prepupa and pupa) are described for the ﬁ rst time, and aspects of the biology of this species are made known. Descriptions of the different stages of development were made from laboratory-reared specimens on using twigs of Phaseolus vulgaris as a feeding and oviposition substrate. Neohydatothrips denigratus undergoes its life cycle on the leaves of P . vulgaris , no immature stages were found in ﬂ owers or fruits. Under controlled conditions (21 ± 2oC; 80 ± 4% RH; photophase: 12h), this species needed 21.6 ± 1.60 d to complete development (egg: 7.0 ± 1.00 larva I: 3.7 ± 1.40; larva II: 4.2 ± 1.10; prepupa: 1.8 ± 0.70, pupa: 5 ± 1). Longevity was 6.0 ± 2.00 days and observed sex ratio was 2:1. From the sixteen plants belonging to ten families recorded as hosts to this species, larvae were found only on two species of Fabaceae and one of Solanaceae. KEY WORDS: Life cycle, host plant,
Short-term external effects of increment coring on some tropical trees

The invasive technique of increment coring may be unavoidable in forest ecology research requiring data on wood traits. Despite this, no study has examined the effects of increment coring on tropical forest trees. We cored 35 trees of 11 species from nine families, with wood densities ranging from 0.30 to 0.69 g cm -3 , at two sites in Singapore. Tree survival, borehole closure and external signs of damage resulting directly from the coring were monitored for 1 year. Tree radial growth was estimated from changes in diameter at breast height. Of the cored trees, only one died after 1 year. Twenty-five out of the 35 trees had at least one closed borehole, and the median time to closure was 10 months. The species of tree cored was the only significant predictor of borehole closure. We observed three main categories of external damage: discoloured bark, surface wounds and the presence of fungal fruiting bodies or insects within the boreholes. Changes in the trunk diameter were not significantly different between cored and uncored trees. Our results suggest that increment coring in the tropics does not negatively impact the survival and growth of some species of tropical forest trees within the first year after coring.
Diversity, Distribution and Ecology of decapod shrimps in the Ross Sea, Antarctica

i Acknowledgements . iii Chapter 1 . 1 1 Thesis Overview. 1.1 Natant Decapods . 1 1.2 The Southern Ocean . 2 1.2. 1 Biodiversity studies in the Southern Ocean . 5 1.2. 2 Decapods in Southern Ocean . 7 1.3 The Ross Sea . 9 1.3. 1 Studies on the Ross Sea ecosystem . 11 1.4 Species Distribution Modelling to predict species potential distribution . 12 1.5 Thesis objectives . 15 1.6 Chapters overview and aims . 16 1.6. 1 Chapter 2: Decapod Shrimps in the Antarctica . 16 1.6. 2 Chapter 3: Diversity and distribution of decapod shrimps in the Ross Sea region Antarctica . 16 1.6. 4 Chapter 4: Dispersion and faunal association pattern of common Antarctic shrimps . 17 1.6. 5 Chapter 5: Global marine environment datasets (GMED) for environment visualisation and species distribution modelling. 17 1.6. 6 Chapter 6: Past, present and future distribution of deep-sea shrimp in the Antarctica . 18 1.6. 7 Chapter 7: General discussion, conclusions and future directions . 18 1.7 References . 19 Chapter 2 . 29 2 Decapod Shrimps in the Antarctica . 2.
Transition to Seizure in the CA3 Hippocampal Network: Predominant Preictal GABAergic Potentials, followed by Predominant Ictal Glutamatergic Potentials

The mechanisms underlying the transition to seizure are still unresolved. Proposed mechanisms include excitatory GABAergic drive, loss of interneuron-mediated inhibition, and glutamatergic input potentiation. The objective of this thesis was to investigate the relative contributions of synchronized glutamatergic and GABAergic inputs and their functional roles during ictogenesis in the epileptic neonatal (postnatal days 6-12) mouse hippocampus, induced with 0.25mM Mg/5mM K perfusion. Simultaneous field and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were obtained from CA3 stratum-oriens interneurons and pyramidal cells. The antagonists for GABAA and glutamate receptors abolished the preictal and ictal discharges, respectively, suggesting that the preictal state is mediated by the coherent discharges of GABAergic inhibitory interneurons, whereas the recurrent excitatory inputs are required for ictogenesis. Synaptic charge transfers underlying the synchronized discharges showed a dynamic change in the balance between the inputs: GABAergic currents markedly diminished by ictal onset whereas glutamatergic currents dominated at ictal onset and throughout the ictus.
The Anatomy of Teleocrater rhadinus, an Early Avemetatarsalian from the Lower Portion of the Lifua Member of the Manda Beds (Middle Triassic)

ABSTRACT Bird-line archosaurs (= Avemetatarsalia, the clade containing birds, dinosaurs, pterosaurs, and their kin) originated in the Triassic Period. However, the earliest evolution of this group is poorly documented because fossils are extremely rare and consist mostly of postcrania. Here, we document the osteology of Teleocrater rhadinus, an early avemetatarsalian from the lower portion of the Middle Triassic Lifua Member of the Manda Beds of the Ruhuhu Basin, southwestern Tanzania. Material of Teleocrater rhadinus includes the holotype partial skeleton comprising a single individual, including cervical, trunk, and caudal vertebrae, pectoral, pelvic, forelimb, and hind limb material, and referred specimens representing parts (skull elements, vertebrae, pectoral, pelvic, and limb elements) of at least three other individuals collected from a bonebed. Character states of the skull elements, vertebrae, girdles, and limbs indicate that Teleocrater rhadinus represents the first documented non-ornithodiran avemetatarsalian known from well-preserved, associated material. Furthermore, Teleocrater rhadinus forms part of a newly recognized clade, Aphanosauria, which also contains formerly enigmatic archosaur taxa from across Pangea, including Dongusuchus efremovi from the Middle Triassic of Russia, Yarasuchus deccanensis from the Middle Triassic of India, and Spondylosoma absconditum from the ? Middle Triassic of Brazil. This new clade and other new discoveries from the Middle to Late Triassic elucidate the sequence of character acquisitions at the base of Avemetatarsalia and fill a crucial gap in the understanding of the anatomical transformations that enabled dinosaurs to flourish later in the Mesozoic.
Lysine and methionine+cystine on performance and egg quality of laying hens: review.

Poultry industry success achieved in Brazil is due to nutrition advances. Many studies have emerged aiming to improve birds performance and especially egg production by manipulating the nutrient levels of diets in order to comply the requirements for obtaining higher yields. Methionine and lysine are considered as the first and second limiting amino acid for birds, respectively. Therefore, the correct diet supplementation is necessary to ensure the laying hens aspects of maintenance, growth and production.
Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant properties of Indigofera longeracemosa - An in vitro study

Antioxidant compounds present in many plants can protect cells against damage caused by ROS. The present study is focused on the assessment of antioxidant potential of Indigofera longeracemosa by evaluating both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. The activities of enzymatic antioxidants (Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, Glutathione-s-transferase, Glutathione peroxidase, Peroxidase, Ascorbate oxidase and Polyphenoloxidase) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (Total reduced glutathione, Vitamin E, Vitamin A and Vitamin C) were determined. From the present study, it can be concluded that the plant has the capability to scavenge the free radicals and protect against oxidative stress related disorders. In future, Indigofera longeracemosa may serve as a good pharmacotherapeutic agent.
Caracterización y evaluación de PGPRs sobre el crecimiento de plántulas de Dioscorea rotundata in vitro

El objetivo de esta investigacion fue aislar y caracterizar rizobacterias promotoras de crecimiento vegetal (PGPRs, por sus siglas en ingles) nativas de la rizosfera en cultivos de Dioscorea rotundata de zonas productoras representativas del Caribe Colombiano como Montes de Maria, Sabanas Colinadas, Valle del Sinu. Ademas, evaluar el efecto de la inoculacion de estas, a nivel de invernadero, sobre el crecimiento de plantulas in vitro de Dioscorea rotundata . Se determinaron caracteristicas de promocion de crecimiento vegetal in vitro mediante la produccion de auxinas por el metodo colorimetrico de Salkowsky y solubilizacion de fosforo. Las cepas fueron probadas a nivel invernadero en plantulas in vitro de Dioscorea rotundata , en las que se determino variables de altura, longitud radicular, peso seco parte aerea y peso seco radicular. Todas las cepas presentaron la capacidad de producir auxinas y solubilizar fosforo. Se evidencio en invernadero un efecto positivo en los parametros de crecimiento de plantulas despues de 60 dias de siembra, la mayoria de las cepas por zona generaron incrementos, principalmente en el peso seco radicular de las plantulas de Dioscorea rotundata , en comparacion con el control sin inocular, destacandose Enterobacter cloaca e DSC6 con un incremento significativo (p≤0,05) de 147%, Azotobacter vinelandii DVS9 con un 126%, Azotobacter vinelandii DCR11 con un 108% (p≤0,05), Brevibacillus laterosporus DSC19 con un 96%, Bacillus subtilis DSC82 con un 88% (p≤0,05), Azotobacter vinelandii DSC72 con un 54% y Pseudomonas denitrificans DVS10 con un 48%. Los resultados sugirieron que los microorganismos aislados de la rizosfera tienen potencial como biofertilizantes.
Systems and Synthetic Biology in E. coli Cells Quantitative System Characterization, Programming and Engineering Novel Cellular Functions

The emerging field of synthetic biology aims to use artificially designed genetic circuits to program living cells, much as engineers program a computer or control electronic or mechanical systems. This thesis focuses on the design and implementation of synthetic gene circuits in the bacterium Escherichia coli to create new cellular functions, and on the quantitative characterization and modelling of these circuits. Though important in any engineering discipline, quantitative system characterization has been poorly explored in synthetic biology. We have performed a quantitative system characterization by implementing simple gene circuits in Escherichia coli. The work showed that the level and variability of gene expression varied across different cell strains, and we investigated how these effects manifested through the coupled effects of cell division, cellular growth rate, and plasmid copy number regulation. The work suggests that gene circuit modules from a standard library cannot be used universally; the cellular context and the time dependent dynamics must be considered when implementing gene circuits.
Quantitative Analysis of Endocytosis of Macrophage Growth Factor Receptor by Molecular Imaging

Endocytosis is a critical cellular process responsible for nutrient uptake, sampling the environment, and cellular signaling. Endocytosis of growth factor receptors is an important step in the regulation of receptor signaling functions. The macrophage growth factor receptor controls growth and differentiation of macrophages, however, the pathway by which the receptor is internalized is not well understood. The analysis showed that for the first time, knockout of endophilin A2 decreases the internalization of macrophage growth factor receptor in primary bone marrow macrophages. This shows that fast endophilinmediated endocytosis plays a role in the control of the amount of growth factor receptors internalized in macrophages.
Planning for the future: Incorporating global and local data to prioritize coral reef conservation

It is necessary, yet challenging, to manage coral reefs to simultaneously address a suite of global and local stressors that act over the short and long term. Therefore, managers need practical guidance on prioritizing the locations and types of conservation that most efficiently address their goals using limited resources. This study is one of the first examples of a vulnerability assessment for coral reefs that uses downscaled global climate change projections and local anthropogenic stress data to prioritize coral reef locations for conservation investment. Vulnerability was separated into manageable and unmanageable components (bleaching likelihood and local anthropogenic stressors, respectively), and the highest priority was given to places with low levels of unmanageable threats and high levels of manageable threats. Following prioritization, resilience characteristics were derived from standard reef monitoring data and used to identify the specific conservation strategies most likely to succeed given local ecological conditions and threats. Using Indonesian coral reefs as a case study, 9.1% of total coral reef area was identified as of high conservation priority, including parts of Raja Ampat, Sulawesi, and Sumatra that are not currently included in marine protected areas (MPAs). Existing MPAs tend to be located in areas less threatened by local-scale anthropogenic activities, which has implications for both the implementation costs and the likely impact of conservation investment. This approach employs common and publicly available data and can therefore be replicated wherever managers face the familiar challenge of allocating limited conservation resources in the face of rapid global change and uncertainty.
Fluid Structure Interaction in Blood Flow: a Stable Loosely Coupled Algorithm

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the major death causes in first-wolrd countries. It is well accepted by the medical community that the development of cardiovascular diseases is related to alterations in the fluid-dynamical features of the blood flow. In this framework computational fluid dynamics can help in understanding physiological and pathological phenomena in a cheap and fast way.
Comparative Fatty Acids Profiling and Antioxidant Potential of Pawpaw and Watermelon Seed Oils

Seed oils of watermelon, unripe and ripe pawpaw were extracted and analyzed for their fatty acid composition using GC/EIMS, phenolic content and antioxidant potential using free radical scavenging effect on 2, 2-diphenyl2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. Watermelon seed oil has eight fatty acids ranging from C16 – C21, unripe pawpaw seed oil has nine fatty acids also ranging from C16 – C21 and ripe pawpaw seed oil has twelve fatty acids ranging from C15-C27. The major chemical component identified in both watermelon seed oil (49.41 %) and unripe pawpaw seed oils (39.07 %) was 11-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester while 14-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester (40.25 %) was the major component identified in ripe pawpaw seed oil. Only watermelon seed oil contained an essential fatty acid; Linoleic acid (17.23 %) in contrast to previous literatures values (60 %). The fatty acids present in these oils are mixtures of saturated and unsaturated homologues. Ripe pawpaw seed oil showed more chemical compounds than the unripe pawpaw seed oil and this may be due to ripening. The phenolic contents of the oils ranged from 1.41-1.55 mg GAE/g. The three oils showed significant DDPH free radical scavenging potential. The order of inhibition are; watermelon > ripe pawpaw > unripe pawpaw seed oil. The IC50 values of these oils were are, 36 mg/mL, 44 mg/mL and 56 mg/mL for watermelon, ripe pawpaw and unripe pawpaw seed oils respectively. This study, however did not show a positive correlation between the phenolic contents and antioxidant activity. We recommend further studies into the use of these oils for treating various specific diseases.
High sFlt‐1 Concentrations During Pregnancy Modulate the Ppara Promoter Methylation in the Fetal Liver

An adverse prenatal environment significantly increases the risk of chronic metabolic diseases in the offspring. The mechanisms underlying such programming are unclear but may involve epigenetic modifications that lead to altered fetal gene expression. It was demonstrated that poor maternal nutrition affects the DNA methylation status of important transcriptional factors in the liver. However, little attention has been given to other pathological events during pregnancy e.g. increased concentrations of soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1). Our working hypothesis is that increased sFlt‐1 concentrations in the mother can influence the developmental plasticity and the phenotype of the offspring via resetting of DNA methylation marks.