Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unsuccessful placement of transesophageal echocardiography probe because of esophageal pathology.

T he use of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is rapidly becoming an accepted technique for intraoperative cardiovascular monitoring. TEE examinations are performed with an ultrasound transducer mounted at the tip of a modified gastroscope; hence, the risk of this procedure can be compared with routine gastroscopy. The safety aspects of conventional endoscopic procedures have been well documented. However, when compared with routine endoscopy, TEE studies require increased diligence because of the lack of optical control during probe insertion and manipulation in the esophagus.
First Trimester Human Endovascular Trophoblast Cells Express Both HLA‐C and HLA‐G

PROBLEM: In human pregnancies, trophoblasts, in contrast to placental connective tissue and the fetus itself, come into direct contact with the maternal allorecognizing system at special sites. Villous syncytiotrophoblasts washed around by maternal blood lack HLA class I proteins, whereas extravillous trophoblasts, which deeply invade maternal uterine tissues, express high amounts of HLA‐G and also HLA‐C, the latter to a lesser degree, however. A subpopulation of extravillous trophoblasts, the endovascular trophoblast, enters maternal spiral artery lumen and, like syncytiotrophoblast, comes into direct contact with maternal blood. Less is known about HLA class I distribution on this endovascular trophoblast subpopulation.
Indications, Hospital Course, and Complexity of Patients Undergoing Tracheostomy at a Tertiary Care Pediatric Hospital

Objective The purpose of this study was to review inpatients undergoing tracheostomies at a tertiary care pediatric hospital in a 24-month period and to identify the indications, comorbidities, hospital course, patient complexity, and predischarge planning for tracheostomy care. The goal was to analyze these factors to highlight potential areas for improvement. Study Design Case series with chart review. Setting Tertiary care pediatric hospital. Subjects Ninety-five inpatients at Boston Children’s Hospital requiring a primary or revision tracheostomy during the 24-month period encompassing 2010 to 2011. Methods Inpatients undergoing tracheostomy during the study period were identified using 2 different databases: the Boston Children’s Hospital Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement database and institution-specific information from the Child Health Corporation of America’s Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS). We extracted the specified metrics from the inpatient charts. Results Patients undergoing tracheostomy are complex, with an average of 3.4 comorbidities and 13.6 services involved in their care. The tracheostomy was mentioned in 97.9% of physician and 69.5% of nurse discharge notes, and 42.5% of physician discharge notes contained a plan or appointment for follow-up. Of the patients, 33.7% were discharged home (27.3% of the nonanatomic group and 52.4% of the anatomic group). Overall, 8.4% of tracheostomy patients died before discharge. Conclusion The complexity of pediatric tracheostomy patients presents challenges and opportunities for optimizing quality of care for these children. Future directions include the introduction and assessment of multidisciplinary tracheostomy care teams, tracheostomy nurse specialists, and tracheostomy care plans in the pediatric setting.
Ryanodine receptor fragmentation and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ leak after one session of high-intensity interval exercise

Significance High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has become popular because it is a time-efficient way to increase endurance. An intriguing and so-far-unanswered question is how a few minutes of HIIT can be that effective. We exposed recreationally active men to one session of three to six sets of 30-s high-intensity cycling exercise. Muscle biopsies taken 24 h later showed an extensive fragmentation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ channels, the ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1). In isolated mouse muscle fibers, this fragmentation was accompanied by increased SR Ca2+ leak, which can trigger mitochondrial biogenesis. The HIIT-induced RyR1 fragmentation did not occur in muscles exposed to antioxidant, which offers an explanation for why antioxidants blunt effects of endurance training. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a time-efficient way of improving physical performance in healthy subjects and in patients with common chronic diseases, but less so in elite endurance athletes. The mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of HIIT are uncertain. Here, recreationally active human subjects performed highly demanding HIIT consisting of 30-s bouts of all-out cycling with 4-min rest in between bouts (≤3 min total exercise time). Skeletal muscle biopsies taken 24 h after the HIIT exercise showed an extensive fragmentation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release channel, the ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1). The HIIT exercise also caused a prolonged force depression and triggered major changes in the expression of genes related to endurance exercise. Subsequent experiments on elite endurance athletes performing the same HIIT exercise showed no RyR1 fragmentation or prolonged changes in the expression of endurance-related genes. Finally, mechanistic experiments performed on isolated mouse muscles exposed to HIIT-mimicking stimulation showed reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS)-dependent RyR1 fragmentation, calpain activation, increased SR Ca2+ leak at rest, and depressed force production due to impaired SR Ca2+ release upon stimulation. In conclusion, HIIT exercise induces a ROS-dependent RyR1 fragmentation in muscles of recreationally active subjects, and the resulting changes in muscle fiber Ca2+-handling trigger muscular adaptations. However, the same HIIT exercise does not cause RyR1 fragmentation in muscles of elite endurance athletes, which may explain why HIIT is less effective in this group.
A structured literature review on the role of mindfulness, mindful eating and intuitive eating in changing eating behaviours: effectiveness and associated potential mechanisms

Abstract The role of mindfulness, mindful eating and a newer concept of intuitive eating in modulating eating habits is an area of increasing interest. In this structured literature review, a summary of the current evidence is presented, together with details of interventions undertaken and the tools to measure outcomes. It is broad in scope given the emerging evidence base in this area. The review yielded sixty-eight publications: twenty-three interventions in obese/overweight populations; twenty-nine interventions in normal-weight populations; sixteen observational studies, three of which were carried out in overweight/obese populations. Mindfulness-based approaches appear most effective in addressing binge eating, emotional eating and eating in response to external cues. There is a lack of compelling evidence for the effectiveness of mindfulness and mindful eating in weight management. Mindfulness-based approaches may prevent weight gain. Reduced food intake was seen in some of the studies in overweight and obese populations, but this was less apparent in the studies in normal-weight populations. The evidence base for intuitive eating is limited to date and further research is needed to examine its potential in altering eating behaviours. Mindfulness appears to work by an increased awareness of internal, rather than external, cues to eat. Mindfulness and mindful eating have the potential to address problematic eating behaviours and the challenges many face with controlling their food intake. Encouraging a mindful eating approach would seem to be a positive message to be included in general weight management advice to the public.
A randomized, controlled trial of creatine monohydrate in patients with mitochondrial cytopathies

Fatigue in patients with mitochondrial cytopathies is associated with decreased basal and postactivity muscle phosphocreatine (PCr). Creatine monohydrate supplementation has been shown to increase muscle PCr and high‐intensity power output in healthy subjects. We studied the effects of creatine monohydrate administration (5 g PO b.i.d. × 14 days → 2 g PO b.i.d. × 7 days) in 7 mitochondrial cytopathy patients using a randomized, crossover design. Measurements included: activities of daily living (visual analog scale); ischemic isometric handgrip strength (1 min); basal and postischemic exercise lactate; evoked and voluntary contraction strength of the dorsiflexors; nonischemic, isometric, dorsiflexion torque (NIDFT, 2 min); and aerobic cycle ergometry with pre‐ and post‐lactate measurements. Creatine treatment resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) increased handgrip strength, NIDFT, and postexercise lactate, with no changes in the other measured variables. We concluded that creatine monohydrate increased the strength of high‐intensity anaerobic and aerobic type activities in patients with mitochondrial cytopathies but had no apparent effects upon lower intensity aerobic activities. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 20: 1502–1509, 1997
The principles and conduct of anaesthesia for emergency surgery

In this second article we examine the principles underlying delivery of the components of anaesthesia. Topics considered include anaesthetic technique, management of the airway and lung ventilation, induction and maintenance of anaesthesia, patient monitoring including the place of cardiac output devices. We summarise recent research on the management of shock and sepsis syndromes including goal directed therapy and examine some controversies around intravenous fluid therapy. Finally, we discuss intra‐operative awareness and challenges during emergence including peri‐operative cognitive dysfunction.
Teaching cyber physical systems engineering

CPS engineers need to possess both technical and social skills to run CPS-engineering projects successfully. Especially social skills are crucial as the project fails are mostly caused because of lacking social skills of project members. Besides strong social skills, CPS engineers need to have a wide range of various technical skills as the products they deal with are getting increasingly complex integrating hardware, software and some kinds of communication mechanism with their environment. Students studying CPS engineering need to be well prepared for their future jobs. Therefore, they need to get an opportunity to face with realistic project situations. In this work we describe our experience gathered during the first run of a CPS engineering course based on a novel task-centric holistic agile teaching approach (T-CHAT).
Temporal PDMs for gait classification

Gait classification is a developing research area, particularly with regards to biometrics. It aims to use the distinctive spatial and temporal characteristics of human motion to classify differing activities. As a biometric, this extends to recognising different people by the heterogeneous aspects of their gait. This research aims to use a modified deformable model, the temporal PDM, to distinguish the movements of a walking and running person. The movement of 2D points on the moving form is used to provide input into the model and classify the type of gait present.
THE LABOR DEMAND CURVE IS DOWNWARD SLOPING : REEXAMINING THE IMPACT OF IMMIGRATION ON THE LABOR MARKET

Immigration is not evenly balanced across groups of workers who have the same education but differ in their work experience, and the nature of the supply imbalance changes over time. This paper develops a new approach for estimating the labor market impact of immigration by exploiting this variation in supply shifts across education-experience groups. I assume that similarly educated workers with different levels of experience participate in a national labor market and are not perfect substitutes. The analysis indicates that immigration lowers the wage of competing workers: a 10 percent increase in supply reduces wages by 3 to 4 percent.
THE CONSUMER LOAN'S PAYMENT DEFAULT PREDICTIVE MODEL: AN APPLICATION IN A TUNISIAN COMMERCIAL BANK

For the alarming growth in consumer credit in recent years, consumer credit scoring is the term used to describe methods of classifying credits' applicants asgood' andbad' risk classes. In the current paper, we use the logistic regression as well as the discriminant analysis in order to develop predictive models allowing to distinguish between "good" and "bad" borrowers. The data have been collected from a commercial Tunisian bank over a 3-year period, from 2010 to 2012. These data consist of four selected and ordered variables. By comparing the respective performances of the Logistic Regression (LR) and the Discriminant Analysis (DA), we notice that the LR model yields a 89% good classification rate in predicting customer types and then, a significantly low error rate (11%), as compared with the DA approach (where the good classification rate is only equal to 68.49%, leading to a significantly high error rate, i.e. 31.51%).
Connections Between the Ivory Tower and the Multicolored World: Linking Abstract Theories of Social Justice to the Rough and Tumble of Affirmative Action

This article seeks to combine the social psychologist's interest in articulating and testing concepts with the public policymaker's interest in the effective implementation of specific policies and programs. The first part of the article applies knowledge about distributive and procedural justice to understanding some of the opposition to affirmative action. The application also reveals some lacunae—specifically concerning rule change—in how social psychologists have looked at procedural justice issues. In the second part of the article, we discuss the problem of rule change and propose a set of conceptualizations about the conditions that govern people's reactions to rule change. We end by reflecting on some changes in our studies of procedural justice.
Differential uptake of 125i− and 99mtco4− in a histologically unusual metastatic thyroid carcinoma

A case is presented of a histologically unique thyroid carcinoma metastatic to cervical lymph nodes which concentrated 99mTcO4− to a significantly greater degree than 125I−. This phenomenon may be related to 1. a decreased ability of the tumor to organify iodine, 2. an increased rate of turnover of the iodine‐labeled hormone by the tumor, or 3. the unusual “angiomatoid” pattern of the tumor and the difference in the blood levels of the two tracers at the time of the scans. Hot pertechnetate nodules must be rescanned with radioiodine.
Functional Semantics for Non-prenex QBF

We propose in this article a functional semantics for non-prenex Quantified Boolean Formulae. The proposed formalism is symmetrical for validity and non-validity and allows to give different interpretations to the quantifiers. This formalism is also sufficiently flexible to allow the definition of a certificate for the search-based algorithms for non-prenex QBF.
Outcome of salvage total laryngectomy following organ preservation therapy: the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group trial 91-11.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the incidence of morbidity, mortality, and disease control for patients requiring salvage total laryngectomy (TL) following organ preservation therapy. DESIGN Patients entered into a 3-arm randomized prospective multi-institutional trial for laryngeal preservation who required TL following initial treatment. SETTING The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 91-11 trial for laryngeal preservation. PATIENTS From 1992 to 2000, 517 evaluable patients were randomized to receive chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy (arm 1), concomitant chemotherapy and radiation therapy (arm 2), or radiation therapy alone (arm 3). RESULTS Overall, TL was required in 129 patients. The incidence was 28%, 16%, and 31% in arms 1, 2, and 3, respectively (P =.002). Of these, 7 patients (5%) required TL for aspiration or necrosis. Following TL, the incidence of major and minor complications ranged from 52% to 59% and did not differ significantly among the 3 arms. Pharyngocutaneous fistula was lowest in arm 3 (15%) and highest in arm 2 (30%) (P>.05). There was 1 perioperative death. Local-regional control following salvage TL was 74% for arms 1 and 2 and 90% for arm 3. At 24 months, the overall survival was 69% (arm 1), 71% (arm 2), and 76% (arm 3) (P>.73). CONCLUSIONS Laryngectomy following organ preservation treatment is associated with acceptable morbidity. Perioperative mortality is low but up to one third of patients will develop a pharyngocutaneous fistula. Local-regional control is excellent for this group of patients. Survival following salvage TL was not influenced by the initial organ preservation treatment.
[Study on amplification of ZNF217 in primary gastric carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE To investigate amplification of zinc finger protein 217(ZNF217) and its association with clinicopathologic parameters in primary gastric carcinoma. METHODS Semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine DNA copies of ZNF217 in the specimens from forty- seven cases with primary gastric carcinoma. RESULTS There was no difference in DNA copies between tumor specimens and paratumor normal tissues. The incidence of ZNF217 amplification was 11.36% in gastric cancer. The amplification of ZNF217 was significantly associated with tumor size(P< 0.01) and intestinal type of stomach cancer(P< 0.05). CONCLUSION Oncogene ZNF217 may play a role in specific tumor types or subtypes of gastric cancer. There may be other oncogenes associated with gastric carcinoma in 20(q)13.
Psychopathology in Preadolescent Children at High Risk for Substance Abuse: A Review of the Literature

&NA; Despite the high prevalence of the psychoactive substance use disorders (PSUDs), relatively little is known about the childhood antecedents of these disorders. To examine this issue a comprehensive review of the English‐language literature on studies of preadolescents (< 12 years) who subsequently developed PSUDs or were offspring of parents with PSUDs was undertaken. In all, nine longitudinal studies and 13 cross‐sectional studies were identified. Data from studies of subjects at high risk for PSUDs indicate that children of parents with PSUDs are at increased risk for the development of temperamental, personality, non‐PSUD psychiatric, cognitive, and psychosocial disturbances. Longitudinal studies also indicate that children with these neuropsychiatric disturbances are at increased risk for the development of PSUDs in adolescence and adulthood. We conclude that neuropsychiatrically impaired children of parents with PSUDs may represent those at highest risk for later development of PSUDs. Because these neuropsychiatric disorders are potentially treatable, their identification may lead to effective early intervention strategies.
Chasing the heaviest black holes of jetted active galactic nuclei

We investigate the physical properties of 10 blazars at redshift greater than 2 detected in the 3-yr all-sky survey performed by the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) on board the Swift satellite. We find that the jets of these blazars are among the most powerful known. Furthermore, the mass of their central black hole, inferred from the optical–ultraviolet bump, exceeds a few billions of solar masses, with accretion luminosities being a large fraction of the Eddington one. We compare their properties with those of the brightest blazars of the 3-month survey performed by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi satellite. We find that the BAT blazars have more powerful jets, more luminous accretion discs and larger black hole masses than LAT blazars. These findings can be simply understood on the basis of the blazar sequence, which suggests that the most powerful blazars have a spectral energy distribution with a high-energy peak at MeV (or even sub-MeV) energies. This implies that the most extreme blazars can be found more efficiently in hard X-rays, rather than in the high-energy γ -ray band. We then discuss the implications of our findings for future missions, such as the New Hard X-ray Mission (NHXM) and especially the Energetic X-ray Imaging Survey Telescope (EXIST) mission which, during its planned 2-yr all-sky survey, is expected to detect thousands of blazars, with a few of them at z 6.
Resonant Optical Antennas

We have fabricated nanometer-scale gold dipole antennas designed to be resonant at optical frequencies. On resonance, strong field enhancement in the antenna feed gap leads to white-light supercontinuum generation. The antenna length at resonance is considerably shorter than one-half the wavelength of the incident light. This is in contradiction to classical antenna theory but in qualitative accordance with computer simulations that take into account the finite metallic conductivity at optical frequencies. Because optical antennas link propagating radiation and confined/enhanced optical fields, they should find applications in optical characterization, manipulation of nanostructures, and optical information processing.
STRATEGIC NETWORKS

This paper introduces the important role of networks of interfirm ties in examining fundamental issues in strategy research. Prior research has primarily viewed firms as autonomous entities striving for competitive advantage from either external industry sources or from internal resources and capabilities. However, the networks of relationships in which firms are embedded profoundly influence their conduct and performance. We identify five key areas of strategy research in which there is potential for incorporating strategic networks: (1) industry structure, (2) positioning within an industry, (3) inimitable firm resources and capabilities, (4) contracting and coordination costs, and (5) dynamic network constraints and benefits. For each of these issues, the paper outlines some important insights that result from considering the role of strategic networks.Copyright  2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Primary Cutaneous Eosinophil-Rich Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: Report of an Unusual Case and Literature Review

Background: Cutaneous, neutrophil-rich anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is an uncommon variant of ALCL that may be confused with inflammatory dermatoses. Objective and methods: We describe an eosinophil-rich variant of ALCL occurring on the left ear without systemic involvement. The lesion had inflammatory characteristics, which led initially to a histological diagnosis of an inflammatory process. Two months later, a second biopsy diagnosed eosinophil-rich variant of ALCL. The patient underwent radiation therapy, but due to the extensive deformation and mutilation of the ear, the patient elected to have the ear amputated. We discuss the clinicopathological findings and the differential diagnosis Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, the occurrence of a cutaneous, eosinophil-rich variant of ALCL has not been previously reported. It is important to alert pathologists to this variant of ALCL so that this possibility may be considered in the early differential diagnosis of inflammatory cutaneous conditions.