Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
VORTEX FORMATION

High-speed filming has been used to investigate the performance of the peacock butterfly Inachis io while flying in a wind-tunnel. The wake of the butterfly in 'feeding' flight is a system of discrete pairs of vortex rings: in each pair the vortex rings are coupled at right angles. The flow distribution around the butterfly and the dynamics of the vortex rings suggest that useful force is produced continuously throughout the wingbeat. The butterfly's flapping flight can be divided into three successive stages: during the downstroke, force generation can be explained by quasi-steady aerofoil action; during the upstroke and supination, by unsteady aerofoil action; and during pronation, by a jet mechanism. The study of airflow around the peacock butterfly throws light on the evolutionary changes in the pattern of interaction between insect wings and the air. At the first stage of the evolution of insect flight, documented in a subimago of the mayfly Heptagenia sulphurea and some other primitive insects, flapping wings generate a system of coupled vortex rings; the aerodynamic force, being perpendicular to the stroke plane, coincides with the direction of the longitudinal body axis. At the second stage, this force is directed forwards and upwards relative to the body axis; the vortex wake is the same as that at the first stage. From this point, two paths of evolution are possible. The first leads to the vortex pattern recorded in the peacock butterfly. The second is typically found in higher orders, where the narrow and relatively short wings flap with lower amplitude and higher frequency, leaving in their wake two chains of uncoupled small vortex rings.
VIDEO SIGNAL TRANSMISSION WITH ADAPTIVE CODING PROCEDURE BASED ON MULTIAGENT MODEL

The paper proposes the use of an adaptive coding al-gorithm for processing and transmitting video signals. Encoding process of video signals intend to divide the color of each pixel into three components (red, green and blue). The whole video frame could be represented as networked system where each pixel is a independent agent. In this case, agents are understood as a system having any dynamics. Thus, the movement of a pixel is described by a change in the intensity of its RGB components. This approach allows us to consider the process of intensity change as the trajectory of the dynamic sys-tem and apply observation and coding methods to it. The proposed approach allows to encode signals in real time without their prior complete analysis. Depending on the coding rate and the nature of the signal, it is possible to save the amount of information transmitted as a result of the algorithm. Observer is used to get estimation of colors signals and multiagent model is used to get to accurate estimation process.
A Modiﬁed Proximal Symmetric ADMM for Multi-Block Separable Convex Optimization with Linear Constraints

: We consider the linearly constrained separable convex optimization problem whose objective function is separable w.r. t. m blocks of variables. A bunch of methods have been proposed and well studied. Speciﬁcally, a modiﬁed strictly contractive Peaceman-Rachford splitting method (SC-PRCM) has been well studied in the literature for the special case of m = 3. Based on the modiﬁed SC-PRCM, we present a modiﬁed proximal symmetric ADMM (MPS-ADMM) to solve the multi-block problems. In MPS-ADMM, all subproblems but the ﬁrst one are attached with a simple proximal term, and the multipliers are updated twice. In addition, at the end of each iteration, the output is corrected via a simple correction step. Without stringent assumptions, we establish the global convergence result for the new algorithms. Preliminary numerical results show that our proposed methods are eﬀective for solving the linearly constrained quadratic programming and the robust principal component analysis problems.
The Effect of Oxycodone on Post-operative Pain and Inflammatory Cytokine Release in Elderly Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Gastrectomy

Background: To evaluate the effect of oxycodone on post-operative pain and inflammation in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrectomy. Methods: Sixty patients who were of both sexes, American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA-PS) Class I or II, over 65 years of age and undergoing an elective laparoscopic radical gastrectomy were randomly divided into two groups: an oxycodone group (Group O) including 20 males and 10 females and a sufentanil group (Group S) including 21 males and 9 females. The post-operative analgesia regimen was as follows: 40 mg of parecoxib sodium and 0.1 mg/kg of oxycodone was intravenously injected into Group O before the abdomen closure, while 40 mg of parecoxib sodium and 0.1 μg/kg of sufentanil was injected intravenously into Group S. Both groups were infiltrated with 20 ml of 1% ropivacaine at the end of the operation. The level of serum IL-6 and IL-10 were assayed immediately at the following timepoints: at the conclusion of surgery (T1), 1 h (T2), 6 h (T3), and 24 h (T4) after the completion of the surgery. The numerical rating scale (NRS), the Ramsay sedation score, analgesic-related adverse events, post-operative pulmonary inflammation events and the post-operative stay were recorded. Results: Compared with Group S, the serum IL-6 concentrations of Group O decreased at T3 and T4, while the serum IL-10 concentrations increased (P < 0.05). In Group O, the serum IL-6 concentrations at T3 and T4 were lower than those at T1 (P < 0.05). The incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and pulmonary inflammation in Group O was lower than that in Group S (P < 0.05). At each time point, the NRS of visceral pain in Group O was lower than that in Group S. At 6 and 24 h after extubation, the NRS of incision pain in Group O was lower than that in Group S (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Oxycodone can regulate the level of inflammatory cytokines and reduce post-operative inflammatory response.
Inner-tubular physicochemical processes of carbon nanotubes

Nanosized inner cavities of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) afford quasi-one-dimensional (1D) confined space, in which materials adsorbed or filled are of reactivity greatly different from the materials adsorbed on a planar surface and quite a number of curious physicochemical processes will possibly occur. In other words, 1D CNT nanochannels may serve as “nanosized test tubes”. In this article, on the basis of the unique chemical and physical properties of CNTs, the latest progresses of the research on peculiar inner-tubular physicochemical processes of CNTs are briefly reviewed from several aspects. The extraordinary 1D adsorption, capillary filling and nanoscale-confined reaction are discussed in detail. Moreover, the characteristics of “nanosized test tubes” are summarized and many unfamiliar inner cavity chemical processes are expected. Finally, the future direction and challenges on basic researches and potential applications of inner-tubular chemistry of CNTs are discussed.
Accelerating Database Queries for Advanced Data Analytics: A New Approach

The rising popularity of data science in recent times has resulted in the diversification of data processing systems. The current ecosystem of data processing software consists of conventional database implementations, traditional numerical computational systems, and more recent efforts that build a hybrid of these two systems. As many organizations are building complex applications that integrate all the three types of data processing systems, there is a need to look at a holistic optimization strategy that can work with any of the three, or their combinations. In this paper, we propose an advanced analytical system HorsePower, based on HorseIR, an array-based intermediate representation (IR). The system is designed for the translation of conventional database queries, statistical languages, as well as the mix of these two into a common IR, allowing to combine query optimization and compiler optimization techniques at an intermediate level of abstraction. Our experiments compare HorsePower with the column-based database system MonetDB and the array programming language MATLAB, and show that we can achieve significant speedups for standard SQL queries, for analytical functions written in MATLAB and for advanced data analytics combining queries and UDFs. The results show a promising new direction for integrating advanced data analytics into database systems by using a holistic compilation approach and exploiting a wide range of compiler optimization techniques.
Combine and Re-Rank: The University of Maryland at the TREC 2020 Podcasts Track

The University of Maryland submitted ﬁve runs to Task 1 of the TREC 2020 podcasts track. The best results, achieved by combining seven system variants and then re-ranking with using combinations of two neural models, achieved a 27% improvement in NDCG over a simple Indri baseline in the oﬃcial evaluation.
ReLU Neural Networks for Exact Maximum Flow Computation

Understanding the great empirical success of artiﬁcial neural networks (NNs) from a theoretical point of view is currently one of the hottest research topics in computer science. In this paper we study the expressive power of NNs with rectiﬁed linear units from a combinatorial optimization perspective. In particular, we show that, given a directed graph with n nodes and m arcs, there exists an NN of polynomial size that computes a maximum ﬂow from any possible real-valued arc capacities as input. To prove this, we develop the pseudo-code language Max-Aﬃne Arithmetic Programs (MAAPs) and show equivalence between MAAPs and NNs concerning natural complexity measures. We then design a MAAP to exactly solve the Maximum Flow Problem, which translates to an NN of size O ( m 2 n 2 ).
Space charge, elastic field, and dipole contributions to equilibrium solute segregation at interfaces

The interaction potentials between solute ions and grain boundaries in ionic solids are identified as (1) the electrostatic interaction between the charged solutes and grain boundaries, (2) the elastic energy due to the size misfit of solutes in the matrix, and (3) the dipole interactions between the solute‐vacancy dipoles and the electric field in the grain‐boundary region. We include these interaction potentials to evaluate the minimum free energy and the equilibrium solute and defect distributions in the grain‐boundary region. Numerical calculations show that these interaction mechanisms, either acting individually or coupling with each other, lead to a nonuniform solute distribution near the grain boundary. Under certain conditions, both the elastic and dipole interactions can significantly modify the electrostatic potential near the boundary. Calculations also show that the grain‐boundary segregation of an aliovalent solute can be induced or altered by another aliovalent solute of different size misf.
Democratizing power in the global economy:

For many people throughout the world, the ideal of democracy is now accepted – at least in principle – as the pre-eminent source of political authority and legitimacy. Accordingly, as global-level systems of power, interconnection and organized political governance have expanded in recent years, the challenge of holding the exercise of power in global politics to democratic account has attracted increasing attention. Most commentators concur that increasing the democratic accountability of those wielding power in the global domain is in principle a desirable goal, and agree with proponents of ‘global democracy’ that the exercise of power at a global level – beyond the jurisdictional boundaries of democratic states – frequently suffers from significant and problematic ‘democratic deficits’.
Effects of a sugar-reduction intervention on diet and continuous blood glucose in adolescents on the remote Pacific island of Kiritimati: a pilot randomized controlled trial

Jasmine F Plows Children's Hospital of Los Angeles https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1421-3387 Claudia Rios Children's Hospital of Los Angeles Paige K Berger Children's Hospital of Los Angeles Roshonda B Jones Children's Hospital of Los Angeles Tanya L Alderete University of Colorado Boulder Skylar Steinberg University of Southern California Teraira Bangao Kiribati Ministry of Health and Medical Services Elizabeth Beale University of Southern California Michael I Goran (  mgoran@chla.usc.edu ) Children's Hospital of Los Angeles
Dynamic connectedness and integration among large cryptocurrencies

This study applies a set of measures developed by Diebold and Yilmaz (2012, 2016) to examine connectedness via return and volatility spillovers across six large cryptocurrencies from August 7, 2015 to February 22, 2018. Regardless of the sign of returns, the results show that Litecoin is at the centre of the connected network of returns, followed by the largest cryptocurrency, Bitcoin. This finding implies that return shocks arising from these two cryptocurrencies have the most effect on other cryptocurrencies. Further analysis shows that connectedness via negative returns is largely stronger than via positive ones. Ripple and Ethereum are the top recipients of negative-return shocks, whereas Ethereum and Dash exhibit very weak connectedness via positive returns. Regarding volatility spillovers, Bitcoin is the most influential, followed by Litecoin; Dash exhibits a very weak connectedness, suggesting its utility for hedging and diversification opportunities in the cryptocurrency market. Taken together, results imply that the importance of each cryptocurrency in return and volatility connectedness is not necessarily related to its market size. Further analyses reveal that trading volume and global financial and uncertainty effects as well as the investment-substitution effect are determinants of net directional spillovers. Interestingly, higher gold prices and US uncertainty increase the net directional negative-return spillovers, whereas they do the opposite for net directional positive-return spillovers. Furthermore, gold prices exhibit a negative sign for net directional-volatility spillovers, whereas US uncertainty shows a positive sign. Economic actors interested in the cryptocurrency market can build on our findings when weighing their decisions.
Activation and de-activation of fluorine synthons by nitrogen substitution in fluorinated aza-distyrylbenzenes

Three derivatives of E,E-1,4-bis[2-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)ethenyl]benzene, two of which bear nitrogen atoms in the ethenyl spacers, while in a third the central benzene ring is replaced by a pyrazine moiety, have been synthesized. The supramolecular structures of the resulting set of four compounds have been studied using single-crystal X-ray diffraction to gauge the influence of the position of the nitrogen atoms on the organisation of the molecules in the solid state. The crystal packing patterns were analyzed in terms of intermolecular interactions involving the fluorine and nitrogen atoms, i.e., CH⋯F, F⋯F, F⋯π and CH⋯N interactions. The analysis shows that in two of the three solid-state structures the main effect of the nitrogen atoms is an indirect one: they do not participate in intermolecular contacts themselves, but activate nearby hydrogen atoms and phenyl rings in fluorine synthons to form new interactions.
Special Section on Drug Delivery Technologies — Minireview Ocular Drug Delivery: Present Innovations and Future Challenges

Ocular drug delivery has always been a challenge for ophthalmol- ogists and drug-delivery scientists due to the presence of various anatomic and physiologic barriers. Inimitable static and dynamic ocular barriers not only exclude the entry of xenobiotics but also discourage the active absorption of therapeutic agents. Designing an ideal delivery scheme should include enhanced drug bioavailability and controlled release of drug at the site of action, which can overcome various ocular barriers. Conventional ophthalmic medi-cationsincludetheuseoftopical eyedropsandintravitrealinjections of anti – vascular endothelial growth factor agent for treatment of anterior and posterior segment disorders, respectively. Current inventions for anterior ocular segment disorders such as punctum plugs, ocular implants, drug-eluting contact lenses, and ocular iontophoresis represent state-of-the-art inventions for sustained and controlled drug release. Parallel efforts for ocular drug delivery technologies for back of the eye disorders have resulted in the approval of various intravitreal implants. Novel drug-delivery technologies, including nanoparticles, nanomicelles, dendrimers, micro- needles, liposomes, and nanowafers, are increasingly studied for anterior and posterior disorders. To achieve patient compliance for back of the eye disorders, novel approaches for noninvasive delivery of potent therapeutic agents are on the rise. In this review article, we discuss past successes, drug-delivery systems in clinical trials for the treatment of posterior segment disorders. evaluate the in of axitinib-loaded nanowafers. laser-scanning reverse-transcription further evaluation in clinical trials.
Multi Modal RGB D Action Recognition with CNN LSTM Ensemble Deep Network

Human action recognition has transformed from a video processing problem into multi modal machine learning problem. The objective of this work is to perform multi modal human action recognition on an ensemble hybrid network of CNN and LSTM layers. The proposed CNN LSTM ensemble network is a 2 stream framework with one ensemble stream learning RGB sequences and the other depth. This proposed framework can learn both temporal and spatial dynamics in both RGB and depth modal action data. The hybrid network is found to be receptive towards both spatial and temporal fields because of the hierarchical structure of CNNs and LSTMs. Finally, to test our proposed model, we used our own BVCAction3D and three RGB D benchmark action datasets. The experiments were conducted on all the datasets using the proposed framework and was found to be effective when compared to similar deep learning architectures. Keywords—Human action recogniiton; RGB D video data; convolutional neural networks; long short-term memory
Stepwise syntheses of complex μ-oxo-linked heterochromophore arrays containing phthalocyanine, porphyrin and subphthalocyanine ligands

The article reviews the exploitation of the serendipitous discovery that dihydroxysilicon 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octakis(hexyl)phthalocyanine 1 reacts at one face only to form a μ-oxo linked bond to dichlorosilicon phthalocyanine. Reaction of 1 with dihydroxysilicon octaethylporphyrin led to an unstable μ-oxo linked Pc-O-Pn heteroligand dyad that could not be isolated. However, reaction with dihydroxygermanium octaethylporphyrin gave a stable dyad that showed substantial broad band absorption attributable to exciton effects. A small amount of the μ-oxo linked homo dyad formed by self-condensation of dihydroxygermanium octaethylporphyrin was detected by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry but was not isolated. Reaction of 1 with chloroboron subphthalocyanine afforded the stable Pc-O-SubPc heterodyad as the main product and the SubPc-O-Pc-O-SubPc triad as a minor side product. Both gave absorption spectra that showed the main features of the ligands present, implying limited exciton coupling. A further reaction of 1 with axial-hydroxy, axial-methyl silicon phthalocyanine provided a key Pc-O-Pc′ dyad that proved to be an ideal intermediate for developing a synthetic strategy to access a series of hetero-metalloid/hetero-ligand Pc-O-Pc′-O-Pn triads. X-ray structural data for examples of these arrays are discussed. A feature of the triad compounds is their very broad band absorption spectra that extends from the UV through the visible region to near IR wavelengths.
Quad Layouts via Constrained T‐Mesh Quantization

We present a robust and fast method for the creation of conforming quad layouts on surfaces. Our algorithm is based on the quantization of a T‐mesh, i.e. an assignment of integer lengths to the sides of a non‐conforming rectangular partition of the surface. This representation has the benefit of being able to encode an infinite number of layout connectivity options in a finite manner, which guarantees that a valid layout can always be found. We carefully construct the T‐mesh from a given seamless parametrization such that the algorithm can provide guarantees on the results' quality. In particular, the user can specify a bound on the angular deviation of layout edges from prescribed directions. We solve an integer linear program (ILP) to find a coarse quad layout adhering to that maximal deviation. Our algorithm is guaranteed to yield a conforming quad layout free of T‐junctions together with bounded angle distortion. Our results show that the presented method is fast, reliable, and achieves high quality layouts.
Determinants of the Perception of Asbestos Determinanty postrzegania azbestu

Aim: The purpose of the article is to provide general information about the properties, application, legal aspects and methods of asbestos disposal. In addition, studies on the harmfulness of asbestos impact on the incidence of asbestos-related diseases among people are presented on the example of asbestosis in Poland. The threats that asbestos may cause during rescue and firefighting operations are discussed. Introduction: Asbestos has been used in a variety of ways since ancient times. It gained popularity in the mid-twentieth century, when it began to be used in many building materials. It has become popular because of its unique properties. However, after 1990 there was a drastic change in the approach to the use of asbestos and asbestos products. Asbestos has been banned in 55 countries, including the EU, due to its harmfulness to human health. In Poland, the use and production of asbestos was banned in 1997, and in 2009 the “Asbestos Removal Programme” was introduced, which shows that by 2032 asbestos-containing products should be removed from Poland. Although asbestos has been widely used for many years, safe commercial methods of asbestos disposal have not been developed yet. In the world, many scientific studies are carried out to develop a method for processing and neutralising asbestos products. The research is aimed at developing modern and ecological methods for dealing with asbestos-containing waste. Methodology: The article has been compiled on the basis of a review of selected literature on the subject matter covered. Conclusions: The analysis of the subject allows a statement that both in Poland and in the world the problem of the disposal of asbestos products, which were widely applied in the 20th century, is large. It is necessary to develop safe, environmentally friendly and cost-effective technologies to reduce asbestos waste in the environment to be utilised on an industrial scale. Every effort should be made to provide proper training for firefighters, who may be exposed to inhaling asbestos fibres during rescue and firefighting operations on collapsed or burning buildings.
Dextran‐spermine conjugate: an efficient vector for gene delivery

Cationic Polysaccharides based on oligoamine-dextran conjugates were synthesized and tested as vectors for gene transfection. Dextran with 40 kDa in average molecular weight was oxidized under mild conditions by potassium periodate to obtain the respective polyaldehydes in relatively high yields (∼90%). The oxidized dextran was reacted by reductive amination with various oligoamines of 2 to 4 amino groups to obtain the corresponding imine-conjugates. These water-soluble polymers were then reduced by excess of sodium borohydride to obtain the corresponding amine-conjuagtes in 30-40% overall yield. The electrostatic interactions of the representative polycations with plasmid DNA were evaluated as a function of charge ratio (+/-, polymer/DNA) and ionic strength of the medium applying the ethidium-bromide quenching assay. Although most synthetic polycations formed stable complexes with Plasmid DNAs, only the dextran-spermine conjugate of a defined amino content and molecular weight was able to transfect cells with high efficiency.