Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ompositional changes in cell wall polysaccharides from apple fruit callus ultures modulated by different plant growth regulators aula

The cell wall composition of apples callus cultures showed changes in the presence of 5 mg l−1 of three different plant growth regulators (PGRs), namely picloram, abscisic acid and gibberellic acid. Although the structural functions of cell walls do not generally allow for pronounced variations of the total pectin and matrix glycan content, this work provides evidence that the addition of these plant growth regulators can rule, at least partly, cell wall metabolism in apple callus cultures. The chelatorand carbonate-extracts always had the analytical characteristics of pectins, with high proportions of uronic acids, arabinose and galactose as the main monosaccharides, and a significant proportion of rhamnose, but the cross-linking glycan fractions were still rich in RG-I-like material. The application of PGRs produced shifts of uronic acid and neutral sugars between fractions. Arabinose was the neutral sugar exhibiting more variations in apple callus cell wall. Picloram and abscisic acid produced an increase of the uronic acid contents of the cell walls. The AIRs obtained from calluses treated with different PGRs did not show large amounts of high lant growth regulators molecular weight products, as determined by size-exclusion chromatography. For the carbonate-extract only the callus treated with picloram displayed two separated peaks for products of different molecular weights. The chromatographic profiles for the 4% KOH-extract displayed two peaks for all the treatments, one very sharp with high molecular weight, and another one wider of smaller molecular weight, whereas the difference between treatments can only be appraised through the areas of the peaks. This is the first sition report on cell wall compo
Prevention of fetal suffering during ovariohysterectomy of pregnant animals.

JAVMA, Vol 240, No. 10, May 15, 2012 V who neuter cats and dogs sometimes find, for a variety of reasons, that they are required to spay pregnant animals. Ovariohysterectomy of pregnant animals in animal shelters and humane societies, for example, is commonly recommended to help reduce the overpopulation of unwanted dogs and cats and because shelters have a limited capacity to care for neonatal animals and neonatal animals often fare poorly in shelter environments. For feral cat control programs, ovariohysterectomy of pregnant females furthers the mission of population control and allows all animals brought to the clinic to be spayed the same day, eliminating the need for retrapping or extensive foster care. In the case of owned animals, owners may request pregnancy termination, and ovariohysterectomy is considered the best alternative for termination of unwanted pregnancies in cats and dogs not intended for breeding. Many veterinarians performing ovariohysterectomy in dogs and cats in the middle to later stages of pregnancy question the most appropriate way to ensure a humane death for in utero fetuses removed from the dam. Unfortunately, little guidance is available from published veterinary sources. For example, the 2007 AVMA guidelines on euthanasia, in the section on prenatal and neonatal euthanasia, simply state that “When ovarian hysterectomies are performed, euthanasia of feti should be accomplished as soon as possible after removal from the dam. Neonatal animals are relatively resistant to hypoxia. ” However, the guidelines do not cite any research on whether chemical or physical means of euthanasia are recommended for in utero fetuses. In addition, the guidelines do not state the developmental stage at which fetuses might require euthanasia, nor do they recommend effective methods for euthanasia of fetuses or methods for determination of successful euthanasia. Similarly, no mention of fetal disposition is made in the Association of Shelter Veterinarians veterinary medical care guidelines for spay-neuter programs, nor is the topic discussed in other veterinary publications aimed at practitioners in the United States, including journals, textbooks, published guidelines, and trade magazines. The 2011 revision to the AVMA guidelines on euthanasia cites recent reviews indicating that euthanasia of fetuses is unnecessary, but this section is brief and may not provide sufficient information to assuage veterinarians’ concerns about fetal sensory awareness and suffering or provide veterinarians with an understanding of the various factors that influence fetal consciousness. Prevention of fetal suffering during ovariohysterectomy of pregnant animals
Meningitis and meningoencephalomyelitis in horses: 28 cases (1985-2010).

OBJECTIVE To describe clinical and clinicopathologic findings and outcome of horses with meningitis and meningoencephalomyelitis. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 28 horses. PROCEDURES Medical records of horses admitted to the hospital during a 25-year period were reviewed. Horses with a definitive diagnosis of meningitis or meningoencephalomyelitis were included in this study. Information extracted from the medical records included signalment, history, reason for admission, clinical signs, results of clinicopathologic testing and diagnostic procedures, treatment, outcome, and necropsy findings. RESULTS 22 horses had confirmed infectious disease (19 bacterial, 2 parasitic, and 1 fungal), 4 had suspected infectious disease on the basis of CSF cytologic examination findings, and 2 had noninfectious meningitis or meningoencephalomyelitis. Trauma of the head and vertebral column with disruption of the blood-brain barrier and local ascending or hematogenous spread were the most common routes of infection. Common neurologic signs included abnormal mental status, cranial nerve deficits, vestibular dysfunction, ataxia, tetraparesis, and apparent neck pain. Common hematologic abnormalities included leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, and hyperfibrinogenemia. Cytologic examination of CSF samples revealed moderate to marked suppurative inflammation. Mortality rate was 96.4%. Microbial culture of CSF yielded bacterial growth in 15 of 23 horses (before death [2 horses], after death [11], and both [2]). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that meningitis and meningoencephalomyelitis are uncommon disorders in horses. Infectious disease was more common than noninfectious disease. Local trauma, ascending infection, or hematogenous spread of infection were the most common causes of meningitis or meningoencephalomyelitis. Neurologic deficits, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, hyperfibrinogenemia, and CSF with neutrophilic pleocytosis were common findings in affected horses.
The Impact of Pneumonia on Development of Chronic Respiratory Illness in Childhood

Pneumonia is the leading cause of mortality in children under 5 years of age in low- and middle-income countries. As most deaths are preventable, the primary focus has been on mortality reduction, with relative neglect of the potential long-term morbidity, particularly the development of chronic respiratory illness. Nevertheless, chronic respiratory illness is common among children in low- and middle-income countries and causes substantial morbidity. The aim of this article was to review the evidence for an association between pneumonia and the development of chronic respiratory illness, specifically bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis, and bronchiolitis obliterans. In addition, the effects of modifying factors known to be associated with respiratory illness in children, including exposure to biomass fuel smoke, malnutrition, lack of access to healthcare, and poverty, were considered. Medline search using pneumonia and each of the chronic respiratory illness terms, limited to children, was conducted. Artic.
CDC to Take Over FDA's Evaluation of Bacterial Identification Methods

For years, the Diagnostic Microbiology Section of the CDC’s Hospital Environment Laboratory Branch has tested and published extensively on the accuracy and utility of commercially available instruments and methods used to identify bacterial agents of infectious disease. Until this year, the FDA evaluated these instruments prior to their introduction to the marketplace and subsequently cleared them for use through the 510 application process. However, Congress recently passed legislation preventing the FDA from “clearing” instruments and methods for the phenotypic identification of organisms before they could be marketed. As a result, the role of the Diagnostic Microbiology Section in evaluating commercially available instruments and methods will expand substantially and will work closely with the FDA in providing the laboratory community with critical information about available bacterial identification methods.
Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) expression is regulated by insulin and glucose

Introduction: Trefoil factors are effector molecules in gastrointestinal tract physiology. They are classified into three groups: the gastric peptides (TFF1), spasmolytic peptide (TFF2) and intestinal trefoil factor (TFF3). Previous studies have shown that trefoil factors are located and expressed in human endocrine pancreas suggesting that TFF3 play a role in: a) pancreatic cells migration, b) β-cell mitosis, and c) pancreatic cells regeneration. We speculated that the presence of TFF3 in pancreas, could be associated to a possible regulation mechanism by insulin and glucose. To date, there are not reports whether the unbalance in carbohydrate metabolism observed in diabetes could affect the production or expression of TFF3.Methods: We determined the TFF3 levels and expression by immunoassay (ELISA) and semi-quantitative RT-PCR technique respectively, of intestinal epithelial cells (HT-29) treated with glucose and insulin. Also,Real Time-PCR (RTq-PCR) was done.Results: Increasing concentrations of glucose improved TFF3 expression and these levels were further elevated after insulin treatment. Insulin treatment also led to the up-regulation of human sodium/glucose transporter 1 (hSGLT1), which further increases intracellular glucose levels. Finally, we investigated theTFF3 levels in serum of diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM) and healthy patients. Here we shown that serum TFF3 levels were down-regulated in T1DM and this levels were up-regulated after insulin treatment. Also, the TFF3 levels of healthy donors were up-regulated 2 h after breakfast.Conclusion: Our fi ndings suggest for the fi rst time that insulin signaling is important for TFF3 optimal expression in serum and intestinal epithelial cells.
Developing Shared Knowledge: Family Group Conferencing as a Means of Negotiating Power in the Child Welfare System

Families engaged with the Anglo-American child welfare system frequently feel as though their own experiences, perspectives and needs are given less credence than those of child protection workers. While this is attributable to a range of factors, a central issue revolves around how and what information is obtained, interpreted and shared by those in the child welfare system as information sharing can be utilised by service providers as a means of controlling and having power over families. The manner and language in which information is transmitted between the child welfare workers and the child's relatives often creates barriers to communication and frequently leaves family members feeling that their knowledge is disqualified. Family Group Conferencing — which invites the family circle into the decision-making processes regarding their child — offers a potential alternative and effective means for negotiating the complexities of power in this context as it facilitates a process that allows a holistic, culturally connected, explicit, clear presentation of the professionals' information that creates space for families' knowledges and inhibits the use of information in an oppressive way.
Effect of acute arteriolar vasodilation on capacitance and resistance in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

BACKGROUND Pulmonary vascular capacitance (PVC) is reduced in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In normal lung, PVC is largely a function of vascular compliance. In PAH, increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) arises from the arterioles. PVR and PVC share pressure and volume variables. The dependency between the two qualities of the vascular bed is unclear in a state of intense vasoconstriction. METHODS We compared PVC and PVR before and during nitric oxide (NO) inhalation during right-sided heart catheterization in eight NO-responsive patients with PAH. NO only directly affects tone in parenchymal vessels. RESULTS During NO inhalation, pulmonary arterial systolic pressure decreased, 80 ± 20 SD to 48 ± 20 mm Hg, and stroke volume increased, 62 ± 19 mL to 86 ± 24 mL (P < .01). PVR dropped from 10 ± 4.4 Wood units to 4.7 ± 2.2 Wood units (P < .012), and PVC increased from 1.4 ± 1.1 mL/mm Hg to 3.2 ± 1.8 mL/mm Hg (P < .018). The magnitude of PVR drop was 57% ± 6% and the decrease in 1/PVC was 54% ± 14% (P = not significant). CONCLUSIONS In vasoresponsive PAH, PVC is a function of the pressure response of the vasoconstricted arterioles to stroke volume. Immediately upon vasodilation, the capacitance increases markedly. The compliance vessels are, thus, the same as the resistance vessels. The immediate reduction in pulmonary arterial pressure during NO inhalation suggests that large vessel remodeling is not a major contributor to systolic pressure in these patients.
Social, health and drug use characteristics of primary crack users in three mid-sized communities in British Columbia, Canada

Aims: Despite the increased prevalence of crack use, research on street drug use in Canada currently focusses mainly on injection drug use and/or use in large urban centres. This study's objective was to assess the distinct socio-demographic characteristics, drug-use patterns, health profiles and risk behaviours as well as intervention needs of primary crack users in three mid-sized communities in British Columbia, Canada. Methods: Study participants were recruited with the help of local service agencies and peer recruiters, and assessed between July and November 2008 based on a protocol involving quantitative, qualitative and biological measures. Findings: The majority of the samples: reported unstable housing/homelessness; relied on social benefit payments for income generation; were under current criminal justice supervision; were poly-drug users, using other drugs like alcohol, cannabis or opioids; reported physical and mental health problems; were hepatitis C virus positive; had numerous crack-use episodes per day; frequently shared crack-use paraphernalia; and obtained crack pipe paraphernalia from makeshift items. Conclusions: This study documents crack use as a prevalent street drug use activity associated with extensive social and health risks and harms, which currently are not sufficiently addressed by the existing interventions in the study sites. Concerted attention to, and delivery of, targeted prevention and treatment interventions for the public health problem of crack use in Canada is urgently required.
Nurses in Advanced Roles: A Description and Evaluation of Experiences in 12 Developed Countries

Many countries are seeking to improve health care delivery by reviewing the roles of health professionals, including nurses. Developing new and more advanced roles for nurses could improve access to care in the face of a limited or diminishing supply of doctors. It might also contain costs by delegating tasks away from more expensive doctors. This paper reviews the development of advanced practice nurses in 12 countries (Australia, Belgium, Canada, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Ireland, Japan, Poland, United Kingdom and United States), with a particular focus on their roles in primary care. It also reviews the evaluations of impacts on patient care and cost. The development of new nursing roles varies greatly. The United States and Canada established “nurse practitioners” in the mid-1960s. The United Kingdom and Finland also have a long experience in using different forms of collaboration between doctors and nurses. Although development in Australia and Ireland is more recent, these two countries have been very active in establishing higher education programmes and posts for advanced practice nurses in recent years. In other countries, the formal recognition of advanced practice nurses is still in its infancy, although unofficial advanced practices may already exist in reality. Evaluations show that using advanced practice nurses can improve access to services and reduce waiting times. Advanced practice nurses are able to deliver the same quality of care as doctors for a range of patients, including those with minor illnesses and those requiring routine follow-up. Most evaluations find a high patient satisfaction rate, mainly because nurses tend to spend more time with patients, and provide information and counselling. Some evaluations have tried to estimate the impact of advanced practice nursing on cost. When new roles involve substitution of tasks, the impact is either cost reducing or cost neutral. The savings on nurses’ salaries – as opposed to doctors – can be offset by longer consultation times, higher patient referrals, and sometimes the ordering of more tests. When new roles involve supplementary tasks, some studies report that the impact is cost increasing.
The Three‐Level Collaboration Exercise – Impact of Learning and Usefulness

The aim of the study was to examine the emergency personnel's perception of the effects of exercises, with regard to learning and usefulness. The exercises were quasi‐experimental and constructed in such a way that employees from different organizations overlapped each other's tasks. This was accomplished by: having asymmetries included in the scenarios, repeating exercise procedures and testing different strategies, which were discussed at joint seminars. The exercises were compared to a similar study, published in this journal, of non-quasi experimental but merely traditional exercises. Surveys were distributed and collected from emergency personnel in connection with seven exercises. At the exercises, 94.3% of the personnel thought that the exercises had a focus on collaboration (traditional exercises, 75.6%).
Pain and its clinical associations in individuals with COPD: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND Pain is emerging as a clinical complication in COPD, but the clinical impact of this comorbidity and the measurement properties of instruments used to assess pain require evaluation. METHODS Electronic searches of five databases were performed up to September 2014 for the two phases of this review. To be included in phase 1, studies reported the clinical associations of pain and prevalence in individuals with COPD. To be included in phase 2, studies reported measurement properties of an instrument assessing pain in COPD. Two independent reviewers rated the quality of quantitative and qualitative evidence (phase 1) and the measurement properties using the four-point Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Status Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist (phase 2). RESULTS Of the 358 studies identified in the literature, nine met the inclusion criteria for phase 1 and five for phase 2. The mean (SD) quality score (of 16) for the quantitative studies was 13.1 (1.7). The pooled prevalence of pain in moderate to very severe COPD was 66% (95% CI, 44%-85%). Higher pain intensity was associated with increased dyspnea, fatigue, poorer quality of life, and a greater quantity of specific comorbidities. Of the two identified instruments (Brief Pain Inventory and McGill Pain Questionnaire), the measurement properties analyzed were construct validity, internal consistency, and criterion-predictive validity, with variable findings based on "fair" or "poor" quality studies. CONCLUSIONS In people with COPD, pain has negative clinical associations with symptoms and quality-of-life measures. Further research exploring the measurement properties of instruments assessing pain is required.
Magnesium in the Central Nervous System: Magnesium, hyperactivity and autism in children

For many years, magnesium has been described as a crucial factor for cellular activity. In this chapter, a brief overview of pharmacology and genetics of magnesium transport will be followed by a review of clinical and biological studies of Mg-vitamin B6 supplementation in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism (autistic spectrum disorders family, ASD) in children. Although no study carried out on a rational basis has been published to date, some experimental and/or clinical works support a positive effect of such therapy in these pathologies. All the individual observations report a decrease in hyperactivity and a stabilization of scholarly behaviour with treatment. These data strongly support the need for a controlled study to confirm or invalidate these assumptions.
Pseudonymization for Secondary Use of Cloud Based Electronic Health Records

This paper presents a security solution for cloud based eHealth (electronic health) systems to facilitate storing and secondary use of EHR (electronic health records). By utilizing a proposed pseudonym scheme and communication protocols, the solution aims to protect the privacy of patients during both the ordinary healthcare activities (e.g. medical treatments based on the EHR) and secondary use of the EHR (e.g. medical research). We implement a prototype of the system on a PaaS (Platform as a Service) cloud to demonstrate the feasibility of the system in practice.
Detection of Classical Enterotoxins of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated From Raw Meat in Esfahan, Iran

Results: Totally, 223 (60.3%) S. aureus were isolated. Among the 223S. aureus isolates 30 (13.5%) were found to be enterotoxigenic. Twenty-six (86.7%) were positive only for one type of SEs (14 SEA, 1 SEB, 6 SEC and 5 SED) while the remaining (13.3%) were positive for more than one SEs. None of the isolates were positive for SEE. Conclusions: Only 8.3% of the total meat samples examined in the current study showed this count or above. This low degree of contamination by S. aureus is tolerated in most food stuffs and they are not considered a risk for public health. However, we need more epidemiological investigations about enterotoxigenic S. aureus isolates and their toxins for better management of food products and to decrease human diseases. The results of this study showed that most S. aureus strains isolated from samples produced SEA and SED compared to other SEs.
Medicinal Properties of Aragvadha (Cassia fistula Linn.)

Ayurveda, the Indian system of medicine, practiced since a long time for leading a disease free life. It relies mainly upon the medicinal plants for the management of various ailments. Aragvadha ( Cassia fistula Linn.) is a plant drug which is being used in the medicines in Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha systems of medicine since ages. It has good ornamental and medicinal value. It is mentioned to be useful in the diseases like fever, skin disorders, rheumatic disorders etc and acts as anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic etc. The pharmacological potential of Cassia fistula Linn is enumerated with the modern day researches.