Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scale invariant spatio-temporal patterns of field vole density

1 Recent characterizations of the spatial scale of population dynamics have typically considered patterns at a single scale and ignored the possibility that different patterns may arise at different scales. In this study we assessed population densities of field voles with cyclic dynamics in northern England at 147 sites from three spatial scales on five occasions over a 2·5‐year period. 2 The scale over which densities were similar was estimated by comparing the variance of density at the three scales (< 1 km2, 10 km2, and 70 km2) and by using autocorrelation techniques. Closer sites were more similar in density than more distant sites and the autocorrelations suggested that sites up to within 8–20 km had more similar densities and higher population synchrony than the average similarity for all the sampling sites. 3 A generalized additive model fitted to all the data showed that the data supported the hypothesis of a travelling wave of vole densities moving through the study area. The model assumed that the wave moved at a constant speed and in a uniform direction. Estimates of the wave’s speed (14 km year−1) and direction (travelling in a direction of 66° from north) were consistent with the estimates which had previously been calculated from a time series of vole densities covering a much smaller spatial area but a longer temporal scale. 4 The spatio‐temporal pattern of vole densities detected over a small spatial scale therefore appears to extend over much larger scales and occurs despite the fragmentation of suitable vole habitat at local (a few square kilometres) and regional (hundreds of square kilometres) scales.
Pour un développement des recherches sur les potentialités de la biodiversité végétale à protéger la santé du consommateur

Introduction . Les produits de l’agro-industrie representent aujourd’hui une part importante et croissante des aliments consommes par l’homme. La transformation industrielle des productions agricoles reduit la densite nutritionnelle des produits transformes. Productions agricoles majeures . Les productions agricoles mondiales majeures sont pour une bonne part des matieres premieres pour l’agro-industrie. Ce sont principalement des cereales et les deux plantes sucrieres majeures (canne a sucre et betterave). La disponibilite spatio-temporelle des produits transformes permet de repondre aux besoins caloriques et de lutter contre la faim. Or, pour l’entretien de la vie cellulaire et des equilibres physiologiques, il faut aussi consommer des micro-constituants dont les antioxydants, particulierement communs et abondants dans les fruits et legumes. Fruits, legumes et sante . La consommation des fruits et legumes, sous des formes fraiches ou peu raffinees, est favorable a la protection de la sante du consommateur. Huiles, aromates et sante . Les oleagineux et les aromates contiennent aussi des substances pouvant contribuer a proteger la sante. Des connaissances sont a developper pour une meilleure integration des huiles et aromates dans les preparations culinaires. Antioxydants et biodiversite . Leur connaissance peut etre favorisee par l’essor et la mise en synergie des techniques et outils analytiques, de la physiologie du developpement des vegetaux, de la nutrition et de la physiologie humaine. La zone intertropicale americaine constitue une aire ressource particulierement riche. Conclusion et perspectives . Il y a opportunite a rechercher, dans la biodiversite vegetale, des especes d’interet pour la protection de la sante du consommateur. Il faut realiser une demarche integrative allant de la ressource genetique aux produits transformes.
Effect of conjugated linolenic acid (cis-9, trans-11, cis-13–18:3) on growth performance and lipid composition of fingerling rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

: This study investigated the effect of conjugated linolenic acid (CLNA) on the growth and lipid composition of fingerling rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Thirty individuals in each tank with three dietary treatments and duplicate groups were subjected to three dietary levels (0:4, 2:2, 4:0) of CLNA and linolenic acid (LNA) at 16°C in the laboratory for a period of 9 weeks. Punicic acid (cis-9, trans-11, cis-13–18:3) and linseed oil were used as sources of CLNA and LNA, respectively. The hepatosomatic index and body lipid content of the 2% CLNA dietary treatment increased significantly (P < 0.05) with respect to the control (LNA treatment). But the specific growth rate and percent gain did not improve significantly. After 6 weeks’ observation, the 4% CLNA dietary treatment exhibited higher mortality and liver weight but lower weight gains (1.1–1.9 g). No significant differences were observed in the results of the feed efficiency and moisture as well as the protein content of the whole body among the treatments. Incorporation of CLNA into fish tissues was at a distinctly higher level in neutral lipids than in polar lipids. Increased levels of 22:6n-3 were found in the 4% CLNA treatment but decreased levels were found in the 2% CLNA treatment in both neutral and polar fractions. In the CLNA treatments, saturated fatty acid was relatively unaffected, the level of 18:1 was increased and the level of 18:2n-6 was decreased. These results indicate that the lower level (2%) of CLNA had no significant effect on the growth and the higher level (4%) of CLNA caused higher mortality as well as attenuating the growth of the fish. Dietary CLNA accumulated in a greater amount in the neutral lipids and modulated the fatty acid composition in the whole body of rainbow trout fingerlings.
Traumatic Injuries in Two Neotropical Frogs, Dendrobates auratus and Physalaemus pustulosus

served juvenile V bengalensis which contained an average of almost 12 items per lizard, with predatorprey mass ratios of 0.006:0.5. He also stated that body fat accounted for over 28% of body mass in juvenile V bengalensis from Pakistan, where the animals do not feed for several months at the age of nine months. In contrast, juvenile V niloticus contained only negligible amounts of body fat. Their relatively low rate of food intake is unlikely to be the result of local food shortages, because all specimens appeared in good condition. Lack of fat accumulation in these animals therefore suggests that they do not undergo extended fasting. Acknowledgments. -Thanks to G. A. Punguse, N. K. Ankudey, M. Komoah, and B.Basuglo of Ghana Wildlife Department, S. Yeboah of Cape Coast University, and P. Racey of Aberdeen University for their assistance. Anonymous referees gave valuable suggestions on earlier drafts of the manuscript.
Effects of manipulation of number of tillers and water supply on grain yield in barley

Summaey The effects of several detillering treatments on dry-matter production and grain yield in barley were investigated in a series of pot experiments using two water regimes. When ample water was provided, even quite severe reductions in the number of tillers only slightly reduced grain yield in spite of large effects on total shoot dry weight. When all the plants were grown with the same amount of water, however, the plants with few tillers tended to have greater grain yield, higher water use efficiency (in terms of grain yield) and higher harvest index than the plants permitted to tiller freely. This effect was probably related to the greater transpiration rates from the freely tillering plants which led to their suffering a greater degree of water stress than the plants with few tillers. This led to the freely tillering plants having a greater proportion of sterile ears and a lower harvest index. Water stress apparently had no effect on the grain yield of the main shoot or first tiller. It is concluded that genotypes which produce few large tillers having a high rate of survival should be able to achieve relatively high yields in drought conditions without sacrificing yield potential under optimal conditions.
Testing for Bias in the Climate Record

This technical comment includes two major comments on an article by David J. Thompson on bias in the climate record, and a reply by the author. The first critique describes the results of using daily insead of yearly data to look at variations in climate, finding that concerns about the manner in chich clmatologists have calculated trends based on monthly and annual time series to be of little consequence during the instrumental climate record. The second critique addresses specifically misidentification of the anomalistic year signature in temperature time series; decrease in amplitude of seasonal temperature variation; variability in the phase curves from different locations; and Post-1930 epoch: phase and carbon dioxide correspondence. 19 refs., 3 figs.
Impact of mRNA chemistry and manufacturing process on innate immune activation

A combination of uridine modification and process optimization minimizes innate immune response to therapeutic mRNA. Messenger RNA (mRNA) represents an attractive therapeutic modality for potentially a wide range of clinical indications but requires uridine chemistry modification and/or tuning of the production process to prevent activation of cellular innate immune sensors and a concomitant reduction in protein expression. To decipher the relative contributions of these factors on immune activation, here, we compared, in multiple cell and in vivo models, mRNA that encodes human erythropoietin incorporating either canonical uridine or N1-methyl-pseudouridine (1mΨ), synthesized by either a standard process shown to have double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) impurities or a modified process that yields a highly purified mRNA preparation. Our data demonstrate that the lowest stimulation of immune endpoints was with 1mΨ made by the modified process, while mRNA containing canonical uridine was immunostimulatory regardless of process. These findings confirm that uridine modification and the reduction of dsRNA impurities are both necessary and sufficient at controlling the immune-activating profile of therapeutic mRNA.
Periegopidae (Arachnida: Araneae)

Two species of Periegopidae, both in the genus Periegops Simon, 1893, are found in New Zealand; P. suterii (Urquhart, 1892) and P. keani sp. nov. The genus and both species are described or redescribed, with information on synonymy, type data, material examined, and geographical distribution. Habitus images of adults, illustrations of important morphological features, and distribution maps are provided. A key is given. The mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and the nuclear gene 28S ribosomal RNA were sequenced for both species. COI divergence between some specimens of P. suterii was unexpectedly high (8.6%, uncorrected distance), but there was no morphological differentiation or 28S sequence divergence between those specimens. A molecular phylogenetic analysis examining the relationships between eight specimens of P. suterii and three specimens of P. keani using COI data is presented. Checklist of taxa Genus Periegops Simon, 1893 suterii (Urquhart, 1892) keani new species
Sympatric Speciation: Models and Empirical Evidence

Sympatric speciation, the evolution of reproductive isolation without geographic barriers, remains highly contentious. As a result of new empirical examples and theory, it is now generally accepted that sympatric speciation has occurred in at least a few instances, and is theoretically plausible. Instead, debate has shifted to whether sympatric speciation is common, and whether models’ assumptions are generally met in nature. The relative frequency of sympatric speciation will be difficult to resolve, because biogeographic changes have obscured geographical patterns underlying many past speciation events. In contrast, progress is being made on evaluating the empirical validity of key theoretical conditions for sympatric speciation. Disruptive selection and direct selection on mating traits, which should facilitate sympatric speciation, are biologically well supported. Conversely, costs to assortative mating are also widely documented, but inhibit speciation. Evaluating the joint incidence of these key fac.
Caracterización molecular de tres líneas de Cavia porcellus mediante la aplicación de AFLP

Los marcadores moleculares son una herramienta eficaz para determinar variabilidad genetica entre y dentro de poblaciones, pero en el caso de Cavia porcellus , no existen reportes referentes al uso de estas tecnicas. Con los marcadores moleculares AFLP´s (Amplified Fragment Length Polimorphism), se analizaron tres poblaciones, dos criollas y una mejorada geneticamente, sometida a seleccion durante varias generaciones y obtenida a partir del cruzamiento entre animales peruanos y nativos de Narino. Para obtener los marcadores moleculares AFLP´s (Amplified Fragment Lenght Polimorphism), se utilizaron en total cinco combinaciones de cebadores, tres combinaciones recomendadas para el orden Rodenthia y dos por la casa fabricante del Kit, de las cuales solo una de ellas, con 116 loci , permitio establecer diferencias entre las poblaciones estudiadas, de acuerdo con el valor de distancia genetica insesgada de Nei (p Palabras clave: AFLP´s, Cavia porcellus , variabilidad genetica. Summary Molecular markers are a powerful tool to determine genetic variability within and among populations, but for the Cavia porcellus there are no reports on the use of these techniques. Three populations, two native and another one, genetically improved which was obtained by crossing native and Peruvian animals and submitted to genetic selection through several generations were analyzed by means of AFLP markers. Five primer's combinations recommended for Rodenthia were used, but only one allowed to establish significant differences (p Cavia porcellus in the southwest region of Colombia. Key words: AFLP, Cavia porcellus , genetic variability.
bushy, a dominant pea mutant characterised by short, thin stems, tiny leaves and a major reduction in apical dominance

The spontaneous, single-gene dominant, pea (Pisum sativum L.) mutant bushy is characterised by short, thin stems, tiny leaves and a proliferation of basal lateral branches. We symbolised the dominant mutant allele bsh and the recessive wild-type allele BSH. Some effects were very large, e.g. the reduction in internode length was around 10-fold in pure mutant plants. The effect on branching was qualitative under our conditions as the wild-type did not branch and the mutant branched extensively. Analysis of epidermal cells indicated the reduction in internode length arose principally from a reduction in cell length. The bushy mutation also altered root morphology with a reduction in the number and length of lateral roots. Time to first open flower was increased but node of flower initiation was not affected. In a few cases, bushy plants died before producing an open flower even though tiny abortive flower buds were produced in the upper leaf axils. In pure mutant plants, individual seed weight was reduced by 30%, number of seeds per pod was reduced 3-fold, and seed number per plant was reduced 4-fold. However, pod size was essentially normal for a given seed content, and the flowers were fertile and of normal structure. Grafting studies showed the primary action of the bushy mutation occurred in the shoot. In summary, the reduced cell and shoot elongation, loss of apical dominance and a primary action in the shoot, all point toward auxin deficiency (or perceived deficiency) as a possible cause of the bushy phenotype. The overall characteristics of bushy make it a useful mutant for research on plant development.
Genetic isolation by distance reveals restricted dispersal across a range of life histories: implications for biodiversity conservation planning across highly variable marine environments

Isolation by distance (IBD) analyses are an effective tool for determining genetic connectivity among populations, providing a basis for estimating dispersal and thus contributing to spatial biodiversity planning. Here, we use an IBD approach to determine patterns of connectivity to infer dispersal distances for a phylogenetically diverse range of marine species.
Morphology of Seed Germination and Seedling in Annona squamosa

1. In the seeds of Annona squamosa the very large endosperm is ruminate, and the tiny embryo located near the hilum develops slowly. Contrary to the situation reported in many other dicotyledons, the enlargement of the first leaf is delayed until after the seedling has attained a height of about 8 cm. 2. The embryo possesses either a very short or no period of dormancy. This species provides one of the few known exceptions to the observation that large seeds germinate rapidly; it takes 1-3 months to germinate. It is postulated that an undifferentiated embryo is a primitive feature. 3. It is suggested that the degree of specialization of the embryo is of more importance in the determination of phylogenetic tendencies than the size of the seed.
Simple Sequence Repeat Markers Developed from Maize Sequences Found in the GENBANK Database: Map Construction

Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are rapidly becoming an important class of DNA markers that are being widely used to map both plant and animal genomes. SSRs have the advantage of providing a codominant marker system based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methodology. Although the presence of SSRs is now well documented in the plant kingdom, a mapped set of primer sequences in maize (Zea mays L.) is not available. Polymorphic primer pairs developed from maize sequences in GENBANK were mapped to 42 loci in maize by means of either a B73 × Mo17, Mo17 × H99, or B73 × G35 recombinant inbred population. All SSR loci were found to be linked to one or more adjacent restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and/or isozyme loci. Segregation followed a pattern of Mendelian inheritance with one SSR locus deviating from expected ratios at a 1% level of significance. The SSRs were distributed throughout the maize genome with no evidence of clustering. Each SSR marker detected a single locus.
Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity in the Rat and Human Colon1

We have investigated the effect of age, a high-fat diet, sodium deoxycholate, and the ornithine analogue a-difluoromethylornithine on ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in the rat colon. The relative levels of ODC activity were also determined in normal mucosa and tumor tissue from rat and human colon. The colonie ODC activity induced by intrarectal instillation of sodium deoxycholate in male Sprague-Dawley rats was highest in young animals, and it decreased with increasing age. A high level of dietary fat caused both an increase in basal colonie ODC activity and enhanced ODC induction by deoxycholate. a-Difluoromethylomithine given in drinking water inhibited, in a dosedependent fashion, deoxycholate-induced ODC activity. The fre quency of azoxymethane-induced intestinal tumors was also significantly reduced by a-difluoromethylomithine. Since colonie ODC activity is increased in carcinogenesis by known promoting agents and decreased by tumor inhibitors, this short-term assay may provide a useful system for identifying colon tumor promoters and inhibitors. The ODC activity in colon tumors of Sprague-Dawley rats was found to be significantly higher than in normal-appearing mucosa in the same animals. Similarly, ODC activity in human colon cancer was found to be higher than that of the normal-appearing mucosa in the same specimen. These results strengthen the utilization of the rat model for studies, the results of which may apply to the human situation.
Evaluation of predation on Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acari:Tetranychidae) from feeding traces on eggs

To evaluate the effect of predation on spider mite populations in the field, we identified the predator species that caused the death of the eggs of Panonychus species using scanning electron micrographs of their feeding traces. The predator species could be distinguished from the shape of the feeding traces, which showed clear differences among the species studied. We evaluated the predation of individual predator species on Panonychus citri eggs from their feeding traces in comparison with their abundance on pear in Tsukuba, eastern Japan. The proportion of feeding traces by Oligota spp. was dominant, although both Oligota spp. and Scolothrips takahashii Priesner showed high population densities. Stethorus japonicus H. Kamiya with a low population density, showed a similar proportion of feeding traces to that of S. takahashii. These differences seemed to be due to differences in predation capacity among the species. Therefore, this study revealed the impact of individual predator species on Panonychus species more directly than simple population dynamics analyses in the field.
A sea anemone, Edwardsia meridionalis sp. nov. from Antarctica and a preliminary revision of the genus Edwardsia de Quatrefages, 1841 (Coelenterata: Actiniaria)

SUMMARY A newly recognized sea anemone, Edwardsia meridionalis sp. nov., from McMurdo Sound, Antarctica is described and compared with other Edwardsia species. Its habitat and geographical distribution are described. The generic name Edwardsia de Quatrefages, 1841 and the familial name Edwardsiidae Andres, 1881 are invalid. A summary of a proposal made to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to conserve these names is given. The genus Edwardsia is defined and its known synonyms are given. A review of the published descriptions found of nominal Edwardsia species revealed many nomina nuda, nomina dubia, synonyms and homonyms. The remaining nomina clara comprize forty currently accepted nominal species, which are listed with their known synonyms and geographical distributions.
Rapid recovery of a fish assemblage following an ecosystem disruptive algal bloom

Abstract: Disturbance of freshwater ecosystems through cultural eutrophication has resulted in an increased global occurrence of harmful algal blooms (HABs). Ecosystem disrupting algal blooms (EDABs) are a subset of HABs that produce extensive disturbances across entire ecosystems. Prymnesium parvum is an EDAB species that has invaded freshwater systems worldwide, causing massive fish kills and other negative effects. Fish kills frequently occur during HABs and EDABs, but few studies exist of the long-term implications of these fish kills and the resilience and recovery of fish assemblages following kills. We sampled fish near- and offshore over an annual cycle encompassing a P. parvum EDAB in 2 coves (i.e., a bloom site and a reference site) of a southern Great Plains reservoir, Lake Texoma, Oklahoma—Texas (USA). Our objective was to document the extirpation and recovery of a fish assemblage in response to the disturbance of an EDAB event. Prymnesium parvum bloomed in 1 cove from mid-December 2008 until May 2009 and eliminated all fish during this period. Fish toxicity bioassays indicated no substantial differences in susceptibility among fish species to P. parvum toxins. Fish recolonized the bloom site rapidly in May 2009 after the bloom diminished. Fish assemblages were resilient to the P. parvum EDAB, and recovered to previous abundance, richness, and composition within 6 mo. Our results suggest that the reservoir-wide fish meta-assemblage enabled a rapid recovery of local fish assemblages after a spatially heterogeneous EDAB.