Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The meaning and practice of stewardship in South Africa

Stewardship offers a means of addressing social-ecological sustainability challenges, from the local to the global level. The concept of stewardship has had various meanings attached to it over time, and the links between the theory and practice of stewardship are not well understood. We sought to characterise the practice of stewardship in South Africa, to better understand the relationship between theory and practice. We found that practitioners’ understandings of stewardship coalesce around two core notions: the idea of stewardship as ‘responsible use and care’ of nature, and stewardship as a ‘balancing act’ between stewards’ use of natural resources for agricultural production and their responsibility to protect and manage the wider ecosystem. Stewardship practice in South Africa is strongly influenced by the biodiversity stewardship tool; however, many practitioners are integrating biodiversity stewardship with other approaches. These emerging social-ecological stewardship initiatives operate at landscape-level and work towards integrated social and ecological stewardship outcomes, by facilitating collaboration among diverse stakeholders. Further research is needed to better understand what is required to support these integrated, collaborative and cross-sectoral initiatives. Policy mechanisms that facilitate integrated place-based stewardship practice can contribute to expanding the practice of biodiversity stewardship in South Africa. Significance: Our findings contribute to a growing understanding of what stewardship looks like in South Africa and how it is put into practice. We show that biodiversity stewardship is a prevalent understanding of stewardship practice in South Africa and is often combined with other approaches for sustainable landscape management. A broader understanding of stewardship, for example through the concept of social-ecological stewardship, can enable more integrated, collaborative approaches to landscape management, addressing the wide range of environmental and social development challenges faced in rural landscapes across South Africa.
Medicinally Important Herbal Flowers in Sri Lanka

Background The plant kingdom is rich with a numerous number of plants with various medical properties which can be used to treat various medical issues. Sri Lanka is a country full of biodiversity which is gifted with many plant resources. It has a rich history of traditional medicine systems consisting of Ayurveda, Unani, and Deshiya Chikitsa, where these plant resources are used as remedies for the diseases. In the traditional medicine system, various plant parts such as leaves, roots, fruits, flowers, and bark are used to treat disease conditions. Although less attention is paid to the medicinal importance of the flowers, some of them have been used to treat many diseases from the ancient time. Some properties of the flowers may differ from the properties of the other plant parts. For example, Sesbania grandiflora (Katuru murunga) flowers have shown anticancer properties against various cell models whereas some flowers have shown antispermatogenic properties. Flowers of Woodfordia floribunda (Militta) are added as fermenting agents in the preparation of Arishtas in Ayurveda. Also the most popular Clove oil is obtained from the flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum (Karabu-neti) which is used to treat toothaches since it has antibiotic and antiseptic properties. This article gives an overview of herbal flowers used in the traditional medicine system of Sri Lanka and their pharmacological importance. Method A comprehensive literature survey was done on the medicinally important flowers in Sri Lanka. Data was collected from Libraries of Ayurveda in Sri Lanka and from scientific databases. Results According to the survey many flowers are used as astringent, cardiac tonic, and febrifuge. Also some flowers are used to treat dysentery, diarrhoea, and indigestion. Some flowers are useful in the treatment of bleeding piles while some are useful in the treatment of asthma and bronchitis. Conclusion It was revealed that there are many flowers with valuable therapeutic effects. Traditional medicine systems prevailing in Sri Lanka have made use of these flowers with therapeutic effects to cure so many diseases. The review of medicinally important herbal flowers provides knowledge and pharmacological leads which will help for the wellbeing of the human beings. Although there are phytochemical studies done to identify the chemical compounds on some flowers, chemical composition of many flowers remains unrevealed. So further studies need to be done to identify the chemical composition of these flowers.
The Comparison of Anxiety Sensitivity and Coping Stress Strategies between Patients with Non-Cardiac Chest Pain, Cardiac Patients and Normal Subjects

The main propose of this study was to compare the anxiety sensitivity and coping stress strategies between patients with non-cardiac chest pain, cardiac disease and healthy individuals. An expostfacto design was used as the research design. The population included all patients with noncardiac and cardiac chest pain who referred to Shiraz health centers in 2013. Subjects were 50 cardiac patients (28 females and 22 males), 50 patients with non-cardiac chest Pain (29 females and 21 males) and 50 people as normal matched group (27 female and 23 male) within 22 to 81 years old age range who were selected through purposive sampling method. The instruments for data collection consisted of Anxiety Sensitivity Index (Taylor & Cox, 1998), Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (Parker & Endler, 1990), and a researcher-made demographic information checklist. Then the data was analyzed with one way analysis of variance and chi square. Results indicated that both cardiac and noncardiac chest pain patients significantly are lower than normal matched group in using problem solving coping strategies (P<0.01) and higher in using emotional (P<0.01) and avoidance coping strategies (P<0.05). Results also indicated that non-cardiac chest pain patients showed highest sensitivity to all 6 subscales and normal group showed lowest sensitivity. In this regard, patients with cardiac disease could stand between the two groups and both groups of patients were significantly different from the normal healthy group (P<0.05). As a conclusion, psychological variables such as anxiety sensitivity and coping stress strategies can predict pain frequency, severity and treatment seeking especially for patients with Non –cardiac chest pain.
A methodical approach for macromodeling of analog circuits

Accurate and reliable models of analog and mixed-signal ICs are essential for simulation of board-level designs. The modeling approach outlined in this paper presents a methodical way of generating accurate analog models. It relies heavily on the build-out techniques of modeling, and allows the designer to simplify the modeling process by subdividing a circuit function into a hierarchy of function modules, where each function module provides an accurate and independent control of one or two model parameters. The modular nature of the resulting model allows it to be useful as a "template" for a broad class of similar circuits.
The Circulating Cell-free Genome Atlas (CCGA) Study: Follow-up (F/U) on non-cancer participants with cancer-like cell-free DNA signals.

5574 Background: A noninvasive cell-free DNA (cfDNA)-based cancer detection assay offers the hope of a blood test that might reduce morbidity and mortality of cancers, particularly those without recommended screening tests (eg, some gynecologic cancers). CCGA (NCT02889978) is a prospective, multi-center, longitudinal, case-control study evaluating models for discriminating cancer versus non-cancer. Here, we report F/U of control participants (pts) who demonstrated a cancer-signal in CCGA. Methods: Clinically evaluable samples (N = 2508) from pts enrolled without a cancer diagnosis (dx; NC) and treatment-naive pts with newly diagnosed cancer (C) were divided into training (n = 1564; 580 NC, 984 C) and test (n = 944; 368 NC, 576 C) sets. Classification performance (cancer/non-cancer) was assessed via 3 prototype assays: whole-genome bisulfite (WGBS), whole-genome (WGS), and targeted (507 gene) sequencing. Notable outlier NC pts were identified with cancer-like scores in either ≥2 assay classification results or by the presence of known cancer drivers with ≥1 assay classification result suggesting cancer. All pts are currently in F/U in accordance with study protocol (to date: 80% with > 10 mo and 15% with > 22 mo F/U). Results: Among training and test sets, 8 ( < 1%) NC pts were identified with a cancer-like signal. To-date, 2 have been diagnosed with a gynecologic malignancy: 1 stage IIIc clear cell endometrial carcinoma and 1 stage IIIc ovarian cancer, 3 and 2 months (mo) post-enrollment [PE], respectively. Among C pts in the study, sensitivity (at 98% specificity; WGBS) in these cancer types was: uterine/endometrial: 11% (n = 27 train) and 22% (n = 9 test); ovarian: 82% (n = 17) and 71% (n = 7). In addition, a third NC pt was diagnosed with a stage IV lung cancer 15 mo PE. Conclusions: This cfDNA-based assay detected a cancer-like signal that anticipated a clinical presentation of cancer in undiagnosed pts as early as 15 months prior to the actual dx. High specificity ( > 99%) requires accounting for undiagnosed cancers in study design and analysis. Together, these data suggest that this prototype assay may have high performance detecting a variety of gynecological and other cancers. Clinical trial information: NCT02889978.
Designing regular graphs with the use of evolutionary algorithms

The paper deals with a fundamental problem arising in the design of optimal networks-the maximization of the number of spanning trees. To make the problem computationally tractable, we consider a class of regular graphs. The problem is solved with the use of the evolutionary algorithm and compared to the 2-opt method. The problem-specific genetic operators are introduced, Various experiments with different graph structures have been performed, the results are reported and discussed. The influence of introducing some preliminary knowledge about the problem on the algorithm effectiveness is studied.
A comparison of two morphosyntactic tagsets of Polish

Abstract. TheaimofthispaperistopresentthemaindiﬀerencesbetweentheIPIPANTagset,usedforthemorphosyntacticannotationoftheIPIPANCorpusofPolish,andtheNKJPTagset,employedintheNationalCorpusofPolish. 1 Introduction Morphosyntactictagsets,i.e.,formalspeciﬁcationsofmorphosyntacticinterpretationsassignedtowords in a given language, are usually developed for the purpose of the morphosyntactic anno-tationofcorpora.Whilepresentationsofmorphosyntacticsystemsofvariouslanguagesfoundintextbooks and grammars may be suﬃcient for many linguistic purposes, the task of assigning amorphosyntactictag(inshort:tag)toeachwordinalargecorpusrequiresacodiﬁcationofsucha system. The resulting tagset must exhaustively specify the repertoire of grammatical classes(partsofspeech)assumedforthelanguage,morphosyntacticcategoriesappropriateforparticularclasses,andpossiblevaluesofthesecategories.A tagset of Polish called the IPI PAN Tagset was proposed in a series of papers (in En-glish: Przepiorkowski and Wolinski 2003a,b; in Polish: Wolinski 2003 and Przepiorkowski 2003;summarised in the bilingual publication Przepiorkowski 2004a,b) within the IPI PAN Corpus(http://korpus.pl/) project.
High-throughput identification of genes involved in single and multi-drug resistance in pancreatic cancer with pooled CRISPR screening

SUMMARY Chemoresistance is the norm in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) leading to an abysmal five-year survival rate of less than 10%. We performed genome-wide CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) and CRISPR knock out (CRISPRko) screens to identify mechanisms of resistance to four cytotoxic chemotherapies (gemcitabine, 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin) used to treat PDAC patients in two PDAC cell lines. Mirroring patient treatment outcomes, we found that multi-drug resistance genes were more likely to be associated with patient survival. We identified activation of ABCG2, a well-described efflux pump, as the most consistent resistance gene in four drugs and two cell lines. Small molecule inhibitors of ABCG2 restored sensitivity to chemotherapy. Our screen demonstrated that activation of members of the hemidesmisome complex and transcriptional repressor complexes conferred resistance to multiple drugs. Finally, we describe an approach for applying our results to predict drug sensitivity in PDAC tumors and cell lines based on gene expression.
A phase Ib trial of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor dinaciclib (dina) in combination with pembrolizumab (P) in patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

1072 Background: Increased expression of the MYC transcriptional oncogene is found in 70% of TNBC and is associated with poor prognosis. In MYC-overexpressing TN xenografts, CDK1 inhibition with dina results in synthetic lethality, and attenuates distant metastasis. In syngeneic models, the combination of dina with anti-PD1 therapy is synergistic and increases immune cell tumor infiltration and activation. Methods: Patients (pts) with advanced TNBC were enrolled. Pts received intravenous dina day 1 and 8 in combination with fixed dose P 200 mg once every 21 days. Dina was dose escalated using a toxicity probability interval design targeting a dose limiting toxicity (DLT) rate of 25%. Evaluable disease and pre-treatment metastatic biopsies were required. After 17 pts were enrolled, eligibility was amended to require ≤2 lines of prior chemotherapy, and LDH ≤1.5x normal. Results: 22 pts were enrolled (median age 50, median 2 prior lines of therapy, 10 pts (45%) had disease which was previously ER+). Dina was dose escalated from 12 to 33 mg/m2 in 4 cohorts. No DLTs were observed. Of the first 5 patients in the 33 mg/m2 cohort, 2 pts required a dose reduction (1 pt due to recurrent grade (G) 3 fever and G2 chills; 1 pt due to recurrent G2 diarrhea, chills, fatigue), and 1 pt discontinued due to G3 hemolytic anemia. 4 additional pts were treated at 33 mg/m2 without DLT or dose reduction. G ≥3 adverse events (AEs) in all pts included neutropenia (ntp) (36.3%), febrile ntp (13.6%), and fatigue (13.6%). Most common all-grade AEs included fatigue (73%), diarrhea (59%), nausea (50%), ntp (45%), mucositis (32%), anorexia (23%). Immune-related AEs included sinusitis (3 pts), hemolytic anemia (1 pt), pneumonitis (1pt), and rash (2 pts). Of 21 pts evaluable for response, 1 pt had complete response (4.8%), 2 pts had partial response (9.5%), and 5 pts had stable disease (23.8%). Dose expansion and correlative biomarker studies are ongoing. Conclusions: The recommended phase 2 dose of dinaciclib given in combination with pembrolizumab is 33 mg/m2 on D1, 8 of 21-day cycle. Toxicities are generally manageable with dose reduction and dose delay. Clinical trial information: NCT01676753.
Rhyme's Challenge: Hip Hop, Poetry, and Contemporary Rhyming Culture

Introduction: Because It Rhymes Chapter 1 Reduced to Rhyme: Contemporary Doggerel Chapter 2 The Art of Rhymed Insult Chapter 3 Making Love in Mirrors: Hip-Hop Seduction Verse Chapter 4 The Inheritors of Hip Hop: Reclaiming Rhyme Conclusion Notes Index
Prevalence of fatty liver disease in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a transient elastography study on the basis of a controlled attenuation parameter

Objective: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract which has an unknown etiology. In this study, we aimed to investigate the fatty liver disease frequency in IBD patients using transient elastography (TE) which is a non-invasive and accurate method for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis. Material and Methods: The data were collected from registered patients retrospectively. On the basis of previous studies, a cut-off value of 238 dB/m for controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) was used for the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis. In this study we have also settled CAP value above 238 dB/m as fatty liver. Results: A total of 99 patients were enrolled in the study. Mean age was 45.59 ± 11.72 years and 41 (41.4%) patients were female. Fifty-eight patients (58.6%) had Crohn’s disease, 39 (39.4%) had ulcerative colitis and 2 (2.0%) had indeterminate colitis. In 8 (8.1%) patients extra-large probe and in 91 (91.9%) patients medium probe was used to detect liver steatosis. Fatty liver disease was detected in 44 (44.4%) patients with IBD. Conclusion: Despite the nutrition disorders in IBD, fatty liver disease was seen in 44.4% of patients in our cohort. However, fatty liver disease may be seen without any aminotransferase elevation in IBD patients. Therefore, liver steatosis should always be kept in mind and careful attention should be paid during follow-up of patients with IBD in our daily practice.
Normal-tension glaucoma: Pathogenesis and genetics

Normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) is a multifactorial optic neuropathy which, similar to open-angle glaucomas, is characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell death and glaucomatous visual field loss. The major distinction of NTG from open-angle glaucomas is that the intraocular pressure (IOP) does not exceed the normal range. Missing the major risk factor and target of therapy, the elevated IOP, NTG poses a clinical challenge. Several insightful reviews have been published on the pathophysiology of NTG describing the possible underlying mechanisms. The current literature available also suggests that a significant percentage of patients with NTG (as high as 21%) have a family history of glaucoma, indicating a genetic predisposition to the disease. These facts strengthen the indication that NTG remains an enigmatic process. The aim of this review was to summarize the vascular, mechanical and genetic components considered to be responsible for NTG development and to discuss the mechanisms through which they are involved in the pathogenesis of NTG.
Regression Analysis of Relative Survival Rates

Survival from cancer or other chronic diseases is often measured using the relative survival rate. This, in turn, is defined as the ratio of the observed survival rate in the patient group under consideration to the expected survival rate in a group taken from the general population. At the beginning of the follow-up period, apart from the disease under study, factors affecting survival (e.g. age and sex) should be similar in the two groups. This paper outlines how a proportional hazards regression model may be adapted to the relative survival rates using GLIM. The method is illustrated by data on lung cancer patients diagnosed in Finland in 1 968-1 970.
Silencing PDK1 limits hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in mice via the Akt/p70S6K signaling pathway.

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) on hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). A mouse model of hypoxia-induced PAH was generated using normal or PDK1-knockout mice. Histological analysis and hemodynamic evaluations were performed to identify the progression of PAH. The expression and phosphorylation of PDK1/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway associated proteins were detected by western blot analysis. Increased lung vessel thickness, right ventricular (RV) systolic pressure (RVSP), RV hypertrophy index (RVHI) values [the RV weight-to-left ventricular (LV) plus septum (S) weight ratio] and PDK1 expression were observed in the hypoxia-induced PAH model compared with the normal control. The phosphorylation of AktT308, proline-rich Akt1 substrate 1 (PRAS40) and S6KT229 was also notably increased in the PAH model compared with the control. The changes of proteins were not observed in the hypoxia treated PDK1flox/+ : Tie2-Cre mice. Similarly, the RVSP and RVHI values, and PDK1 expression were reduced in the hypoxia treated PDK1flox/+: Tie2-Cre mice to a level comparable with those in the control, suggesting that PDK1 partial knockout significantly limited hypoxia-induced PAH. The results of the present study indicate that PDK1 is essential for hypoxia-induced PAH through the PDK1/Akt/S6K signaling cascades.
Velocity-Aware Parallel Encryption Algorithm with Low Energy Consumption for Streams

In the environment of cloud computing, the data produced by massive users form a data stream and need to be protected by encryption for maintaining confidentiality. Traditional serial encryption algorithms are poor in performance and consume more energy without considering the property of streams. Therefore, we propose a velocity-aware parallel encryption algorithm with low energy consumption (LECPAES) for streams in cloud computing. The algorithm parallelizes Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) based on heterogeneous many-core architecture, adopts a sliding window to stabilize burst flows, senses the velocity of streams using the thresholds of the window computed by frequency ratios, and dynamically scales the frequency of Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) to lower down energy consumption. The experiments for streams at different velocities and the comparisons with other related algorithms show that the algorithm can reduce energy consumption, but only slightly increases retransmission rate and slightly decreases throughput. Therefore, LECPAES is an excellent algorithm for fast and energy-saving stream encryption.
19-Million-Year-Old Spondioid Fruits from Panama Reveal a Dynamic Dispersal History for Anacardiaceae

Premise of research. Recent classifications of Anacardiaceae recognize two subfamilies, Anacardioideae and Spondioideae. Most genera within Spondioideae are still recognized for having drupes with sclerified stones that vary in locule number and germination mechanisms. Spondioid fruits have been recognized in the Cenozoic fossil record of Europe, Asia, and North America. However, they have remained elusive in the Neotropics, where today they are an important component of tropical rain forests and seasonally dry tropical forests. Here, we describe three new species of fossil endocarps related to Spondias, Dracontomelon, and Antrocaryon. Methodology. Fossil endocarps were collected from the 19–18.5 Ma (early Miocene) Cucaracha Formation, Panama Canal. The fossils were studied by physical sections, acetate peels, and X-ray microtomography. The fossil endocarps were exhaustively compared with all extant genera of Spondioideae. Pivotal results. Spondias rothwellii sp. nov. and Antrocaryon panamaensis sp. nov. are so far the earliest and best evidence of these genera in the Neotropics. Dracontomelon montesii sp. nov. extends the occurrence of this genus to the early Miocene in Central America. Conclusions. The new Cucaracha fossils reveal that Spondioideae were a significant part of the early Miocene forests in Panama. The extant natural habitats and occurrences of the newly recognized genera suggest multistratified rain forests and active biogeographical patterns for Spondioideae approximately 19 million years ago in southern Central America.