Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Habitat and Avifaunal Recovery from Livestock Grazing in a Riparian Meadow System of the Northwestern Great Basin

Riparian habitats are centers of biological diversity in arid and semiarid portions of western North America, but despite widespread loss and degradation of these habitats there is little quantitative information concerning restoration of native riparian biota. We examined the recovery of a riparian meadow system in the context of long‐term versus short‐term release from livestock grazing. We compared the structure and dynamics of plant and avian communities on 1.5‐ha plots inside a long‐term (>30 years) livestock exclosure (“exclosure plots”), with adjacent plots outside the exclosure (“open plots”) for 4 years following removal of livestock from open plots. Throughout the study, sedge cover, forb cover, and foliage height diversity of herbs were greater on exclosure plots; bare ground, litter cover, shrub cover, and shrub foliage height diversity were greater on open plots. Forb, rush, and cryptogamic cover increased on open plots but not on exclosure plots. Grass cover increased, whereas litter and bare ground decreased on all plots in conjunction with increased availability of moisture. Sedge cover did not change. Avian species richness and relative abundances were greater on exclosure plots; species composition differed markedly between exclosure and open plots ( Jaccard Coefficient = 0.23–0.46), with exclosure plots dominated by wetland and riparian birds and open plots dominated by upland species. The appearance of key species of wet‐meadow birds on open plots in the third and fourth years following livestock removal signaled the beginning of restoration of the riparian avifauna. We interpret the recovery of riparian vegetation and avifaunal composition inside the exclosure as a consequence of livestock removal, which led to a rise in the water table and an expansion of the hyporheic zone laterally from the stream channel. The lack of change in sedge and shrub cover on open plots suggests that restoration to a sedge‐dominated meadow will not happen quickly.
Error estimates for the unilateral buckling critical load of a thin plate

The paper deals with error estimates for the unilateral buckling critical load of a thin plate in presence of an obstacle. First, using the Kirchhoff-Love’s plate model, an abstract error estimate is given up. Its drawback is that it contains a hard term to evaluate. Then, by using the Mindlin’s plate model together with a finite elements scheme of degree one, an error estimate, depending on the mesh size h, is established. The last part of the paper is devoted to some numerical results in order to validate the error estimate formula.
Life tables for the artichoke plume moth in California.

Populations of Platyptilia carduidactyla (Riley) were studied in Castroville and Carmel Valley, CA, during spring and fall 1977–78. Factors contributing to the mortality of P. carduidactyla are presented in life tables and discussed. The egg-instar 1 was identified as the critical age interval, and drowning and predation were the critical lethal factors. Two fertility schedules were compiled for the laboratory development of the plume moth through adult egg-laying and death.
The Forest Formations of Boulder County, Colorado

(WITH TWELVE FIGURES) The present paper purposes to describe the forest formations of the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains in Boulder County, Colorado. There has been a large amount of work done on the flora of Colorado from the systematic and distributional standpoint, the results of which are contained in RYDBERG'S Flora of Colorado (Bull. ioo, Colorado Agricultural College Experiment Station, i906). In the publications of the Forestry Bureau, U. S. Department of Agriculture, and the U. S. Geological Survey, there are a few papers treating of the economy (and incidentally the ecology) of the forests of the state; while a popular paper by RAMALEY ("Remarks on the distribution of plants in Colorado east of the divide") appeared in Postelsia for i9oi, in which is given a considerable mass of data on the distribution and ecology of the plants of this region; but as yet there has been done no work of an exact character in the determination of the physical conditions under which the forests exist. For this reason I hope that the following discussion will prove of value. The discussion will cover the following points: introduction, being a brief account of methods employed and a short description of the physical features of the region studied; composition of the forests with reference to the controlling and most common secondary species, and the relationship between them; physical character of the habitat with reference to water content of the soil, temperature of air and soil, humidity, light, pressure (altitude), slope, and expo-
Carbon Flux Distributions at the Pyruvate Branch Point in Corynebacterium glutamicum during Lysine Overproduction

In order to achieve the theoretical maximum yield of lysine from glucose (75% molar), flux partitioning at principal branch points (glucose 6‐phosphate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and pyruvate) in the primary metabolic network of Corynebacterium glutamicum must be significantly altered from that observed during balanced growth, so that lysine precursors are synthesized in optimal stoichiometric ratios. In this article, we employ flux analysis, which provides a snapshot of metabolic flux distributions from extracellular measurements, in conjunction with two metabolic perturbations of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) to examine the possibility that flux partitioning at the pyruvate (Pyr) branch point (i. e., pyruvate availability) limits lysine yield. The two perturbation experiments involved (1) isolation and flux analysis of a PDC‐attenuated mutant of C. glutamicum and (2) flux analysis following the addition of fluoropyruvate (FP) to a standard fermentation during the initial period of lysine overproduction. No significant alteration in flux partition was observed at any of the three principal nodes in the PDC‐attenuated strain. However, the PDC mutation did cause a 70% uniform decrease in carbon flow throughout the network, which indicates that the lysine yield is not limited solely by a weakly rigid Pyr branch point. The addition of FP did not affect the lysine synthesis rate, but did temporarily redirect carbon flow away from the TCA cycle toward pyruvate excretion, which further confirms that the lysine yield is not pyruvate‐limited and that the Pyr branch point is not weakly rigid.
The Priming of Material Values on Consumer Information Processing of Print Advertisements

Abstract This study examines the effects of consumers' internal contexts on judgments and evaluations of the advertised product. Here, the context refers to the material values of the consumer. Experimental findings illustrate that similarity/dissimilarity between the internal context and the product information presented in the ad, along the materialism dimension, produces context effects. These findings support the assimilation/contrast framework. Implications for context effect research and materialism are also discussed.
Dietary habits, lipoprotein metabolism and cardiovascular disease: From individual foods to dietary patterns

Abstract Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the first cause of mortality in Western countries. Among cardiometabolic risk factors, dyslipidemia, and especially high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations, have been extensively linked to the development and progression of atherosclerosis and to CVD events. Recent evidence has shown that the prevention of unhealthy dietary habits and sedentarism is crucial in the management of dyslipidemia. In this sense, a number of scientific societies recommend the adherence to certain healthy dietary patterns (DPs), such as the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), the Portfolio diet, the Vegetarian diet, the Nordic diet and low-carbohydrate diets, as well as increased physical activity between others. This nutritional and lifestyle advice could be adopted by government bodies and implemented in different health programs as a reliable way of providing health-care professionals with efficient tools to manage cardiometabolic risk factors and thus, prevent CVD. In this narrative review, we will discuss recent data about the effects of nutrition on dyslipidemia, mainly focusing on high LDL-C concentrations and other lipid particles related to atherogenic dyslipidemia such as triglycerides (TG) and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), that are related to CVD. On the other hand, we also comment on other cardiometabolic risk factors such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), high blood pressure (HBP), inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. This review includes food groups as well as different healthy DPs.
Predicting optical spectra for optoelectronic polymers using coarse-grained models and recurrent neural networks

Significance Coarse-graining of atomistic molecular models has become an essential tool for simulation of large molecular systems. However, analysis of the resulting structures can be limited by the ambiguity in the mapping from coarse-grained to atomistic structures. This is a fundamental problem when quantum properties are of interest because their direct calculation requires the full molecular configuration. Here, for conjugated polymers, we develop a machine-learning model relating coarse-grained conjugated polymer conformations and absorption spectroscopy and demonstrate that it can bridge between these. The results suggest that coarse-grained simulations aimed at elucidating the physics of organic optoelectronics can directly provide a useful description of electronic properties and open up the possibility of including spectroscopic information in the evaluation of coarse-grained models. Coarse-grained modeling of conjugated polymers has become an increasingly popular route to investigate the physics of organic optoelectronic materials. While ultraviolet (UV)-vis spectroscopy remains one of the key experimental methods for the interrogation of these materials, a rigorous bridge between simulated coarse-grained structures and spectroscopy has not been established. Here, we address this challenge by developing a method that can predict spectra of conjugated polymers directly from coarse-grained representations while avoiding repetitive procedures such as ad hoc back-mapping from coarse-grained to atomistic representations followed by spectral computation using quantum chemistry. Our approach is based on a generative deep-learning model: the long-short-term memory recurrent neural network (LSTM-RNN). The latter is suggested by the apparent similarity between natural languages and the mathematical structure of perturbative expansions of, in our case, excited-state energies perturbed by conformational fluctuations. We also use this model to explore the level of sensitivity of spectra to the coarse-grained representation back-mapping protocol. Our approach presents a tool uniquely suited for improving postsimulation analysis protocols, as well as, potentially, for including spectral data as input in the refinement of coarse-grained potentials.
Effect of Bovine Leukemia Inhibitory Factor on Hatching and Numbers of Inner Cell Mass and Trophectoderm of Bovine Intact and Biopsied Blastocysts

The effect of bovine leukemia inhibitory factor (bLIF) on hatching and numbers of inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) of bovine intact and biopsied blastocysts was examined. Experiment 1: bovine blastocysts produced in vitro were cultured with 0, 2, 10, 25, 50 and 100ng/ml of bLIF. The hatching rate of blastocysts cultured with varied concentrations of bLIF was significantly higher than that of the blastocysts cultured without bLIF. The numbers of TE cells of surviving blastocysts cultured in medium with bLIF significantly increased compared with that cultured without bLIF. However, there were no differences in the numbers of ICM cells. Experiment 2: bovine blastocysts were biopsied and the remaining embryos were cultured for 72h with 10ng/ml of bLIF. There were no differences in survival rates of blastocysts in cultures with or without bLIF. The number of TE cells of biopsied blastocysts cultured with bLIF significantly increased compared in culture with that without bLIF. However, there were no differences in the numbers of ICM cells. These results indicate that bLIF acts on the hatching process and increases the number of TE cells.
Todd’s paresis following vasovagal syncope provoked by tilt-table testing

A 38-year-old woman presented with a history of recurrent episodes of transient loss of consciousness (TLOC) with seizure-like activity and post-TLOC left sided paresis. Electroencephalogram and MRI of the brain were normal, and events were not controlled by anti-convulsant therapy. Tilt testing produced reflex mixed pattern vasovagal syncope, with exact symptom reproduction, including bilateral upper and lower limb myoclonic movements and post-TLOC left hemiparesis that persisted for 27 min. A witness for the tilt event confirmed reproduction of patients ‘typical’ TLOC event. Syncope is the most frequent cause of TLOC. Myoclonic movements during syncope are not uncommon and can be misdiagnosed as epilepsy. It is rare to experience paresis after syncope, which in this case, lead to misdiagnosis and unnecessary anti-convulsant treatment.
Cold-Pressed Nigella Sativa Oil Standardized to 3% Thymoquinone Potentiates Omega-3 Protection against Obesity-Induced Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Markers of Insulin Resistance Accompanied with Conversion of White to Beige Fat in Mice

Excessive lipid accumulation in white adipose tissue (WAT) results in adipocyte hypertrophy and chronic low-grade inflammation, which is the major cause of obesity-associated insulin resistance and consequent metabolic disease. The development of beige adipocytes in WAT (browning of WAT) increases energy expenditure and has been considered as a novel strategy to counteract obesity. Thymoquinone (TQ) is the main bioactive quinone derived from the plant Nigella Sativa and has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory capacities. Fish oil omega 3 (ω3) enhances both insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis in obesity, but the involved mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of TQ and ω3 PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids) on obesity-associated inflammation, markers of insulin resistance, and the metabolic effects of adipose tissue browning. 3T3-L1 cells were cultured to investigate the effects of TQ and ω3 on the browning of WAT. C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD), supplemented with 0.75% TQ, and 2% ω3 in combination for eight weeks. In 3T3-L1 cells, TQ and ω3 reduced lipid droplet size and increased hallmarks of beige adipocytes such as uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1), PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), Mitofusion 2 (Mfn2), and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) protein expression, as well as increased the phosphorylation of Protein Kinase B (AKT) and insulin receptors. In the adipose tissue of HFD mice, TQ and ω3 treatment attenuated levels of inflammatory adipokines, Nephroblastoma Overexpressed (NOV/CCN3) and Twist related protein 2 (TWIST2), and diminished adipocyte hypoxia by decreasing HIF1α expression and hallmarks of beige adipocytes such as UCP1, PRDM16, FGF21, and mitochondrial biogenesis markers Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α), Sirt1, and Mfn2. Increased 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation and HO-1 expression were observed in adipose with TQ and ω3 treatment, which led to increased pAKT and pIRS1 Ser307 expression. In addition to the adipose, TQ and ω3 also increased inflammation and markers of insulin sensitivity in the liver, as demonstrated by increased phosphorylated insulin receptor (pIR tyr972), insulin receptor beta (IRβ), UCP1, and pIRS1 Ser307 and reduced NOV/CCN3 expression. Our data demonstrate the enhanced browning of WAT from TQ treatment in combination with ω3, which may play an important role in decreasing obesity-associated insulin resistance and in reducing the chronic inflammatory state of obesity.
Behavioral responses of coyotes to wolf recolonization in northwestern Montana

Recent recolonization of northwestern Montana by wolves (Canis lupus) provided an opportunity to examine behavioral responses of coyotes (Canis latrans) to a reestablished wolf population. Coyote and wolf annual home ranges overlapped extensively; however, seasonal overlap was not as pronounced. Most seasonal coyote home ranges were located between wolf packs or along the edge of wolf territories, but wolves and coyotes did not use the seasonal overlap area differently than expected. Most of the coyotes maintained random separation distances from wolves, though three coyotes were closer to wolves than expected. No difference in summer activity was found between the canids; however, temporal partitioning occurred during the winter, which may have allowed the increase in home-range overlap observed during the winter. Additionally, temporal partitioning occurred through differential arrangement of canid home ranges (i.e., wolf home ranges were smaller in summer) and reduced overlap of seasonal home ranges. C.
Genetic optimised serial hierarchical fuzzy classifier for breast cancer diagnosis

Accurate early-stage medical diagnosis of breast cancer can improve the survival rates and fuzzy rule-base system (FRBS) has been a promising classification system to detect breast cancer. However, the existing classification systems involves large number of input variables for training and produces a large number of fuzzy rules, which lead to high complexity and barely acceptable accuracy. In this paper, we present a genetic optimised serial hierarchical FRBS, which incorporates lateral tuning of membership functions and optimisation of the rule base. The serial hierarchical structure of FRBS allows selecting and ranking the input variables, which reduces the system complexity and distinguish the importance of attributes in datasets. We conduct an experimental study on Original Wisconsin Breast Cancer Database and Wisconsin Breast Cancer Diagnostic Database from UCI Machine Learning Repository, and show that the proposed system can classify breast cancer accurately and efficiently.
Testosterone supplementation rescues spermatogenesis and in vitro fertilizing ability of sperm in Kiss1 knockout mice.

Restoration of spermatogenesis and fertility is a major issue to be solved in male mammals with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Kiss1 knockout (KO) male mice are postulated to be a suitable animal model to investigate if hormonal replacement rescues spermatogenesis in mammals with this severe reproductive hormone deficiency, because KO mice replicate the hypothalamic disorder causing hypogonadism. The present study investigated if testosterone supplementation was able to restore spermatogenesis and in vitro fertilization ability in Kiss1 KO mice. To this end, spermatogenesis, in vitro fertilization ability of Kiss1 KO sperm, and preimplantation development of wild-type embryos inseminated with Kiss1 KO sperm, were examined. The newly generated Kiss1 KO male mice showed infertility with cryptorchidism. Subcutaneous testosterone supplementation for 6 weeks restored plasma and intratesticular testosterone levels, elicited testicular descent, and induced complete spermatogenesis from spermatocytes to elongated spermatids in the testis, resulting in an increase in epididymal sperm number in testosterone-supplemented Kiss1 KO male mice. Epididymal sperm derived from the testosterone-supplemented Kiss1 KO mice showed normal in vitro fertilization ability, and the fertilized eggs showed normal preimplantation development, while the males failed to impregnate females. These results suggest that the failure of spermatogenesis in Kiss1 KO mice is mainly due to a lack of testosterone production, and that Kiss1 KO sperm are capable of fertilizing eggs if the animals receive the appropriate testosterone supplementation without local kisspeptin signaling in the testis and epididymis. Thus, testosterone supplementation would restore spermatogenesis of male mammals showing hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with genetic inactivation of the KISS1/Kiss1 gene.
Rearticulating with extra assumptions: a response to Eibye‐Jacobsen and Nielsen

A recent paper by myself and K. Fauchald on the status of the taxon Annelida (Rouse & Fauchald 1995: hereafter R & F) has been the subject of comment by Eibye-Jacobsen & Nielsen (1996): (hereafter referred to as ‘E-J & N’). E-J & N summarise part of R & F as a review and synthesis of phylogenetic relationships among spiralian taxa and suggest that the “synthesis is somewhat incomplete, in content as well as execution”. They then state that they wish to discuss the “profound influence the choice of input taxa has on the results of a cladistic analysis, provide an alternative interpretation of R & F‘s data and ultimately take issue with their conclusion regarding the monophyly of the Annelida”. I will here examine the various points raised by E-J & N and argue that these are either incorrect, irrelevant or make additional assumptions, and hence that their critique does not effectively challenge the analysis by R & F. The problems that E-J & N perceive with R & F can be summarised as follows:
Mechanistic studies of blood pressure in rats treated with a series of cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors

ILLUMINATE, the Phase 3 clinical trial of morbidity and mortality (M&M) with the cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor (CETPi), torcetrapib (CP‐529,414), was terminated in December 2006 due to an imbalance in all cause mortality. The underlying cause of the M&M remains undetermined. While torcetrapib produced dose‐related increases in blood pressure in clinical trials, the mechanism of the increase in blood pressure is also undetermined. The pressor effects of torcetrapib and structurally related compounds were studied in several pathways involved in blood pressure control. Studies were conducted in rats treated with a series of structurally related molecules (CP‐529,414, CP‐532,623, PF‐868,348, CP‐746,281, CP‐792,485, PF‐868,343, and CE‐308,958). CP‐529,414, CP‐532,623, CP‐868,343, and CP‐792,485 are potent CETP inhibitors; PF‐868,348 is weakly potent and CP‐746,281 and CE‐308,958 are CETP‐inactive. Changes in blood pressure were determined in conscious animals in conjunction with pharmacologic blockade of numerous pressor agents/pathways. Torcetrapib and CP‐532,623 increased blood pressure following both chronic PO and acute IV administration. The CETP‐inactive enantiomer of CP‐532,623, CP‐746,281 failed to raise blood pressure. PF‐868,348, a structural analogue with ∼50‐fold lower CETPi activity also displayed pressor activity. Blockade of adrenergic, cholinergic, angiotensin, endothelin, NOS, Rho kinase, and thromboxane pathways failed to attenuate the pressor response. These data demonstrate that the blood pressure activity seen with torcetrapib can be dissociated from CETP inhibitor pharmacology and numerous pharmacology pathways can be discounted in the attempt to understand the molecular basis of the pressor pharmacology. Drug Dev Res 70:2009 © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.