Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ecology of Foraminifera in northeastern Gulf of Mexico

________________________________________ 179 Introduction______________________________________ 179 Previous work___--_______-___-____. -_------____-___ 180 Method of study. ----__--___-________-. _. -. _---__ 181 Faunal zonation__________________________________ 181 General features. _______________________________ 181 Brackish habitat______________________________ 182 Tampa Bay. ______ ________________________ 182 Charlotte Harbor, Pine Island Sound, and San Carlos Bay___--_----___________--__ 183 Offshore faunal zones__________________________ 184 Faunal (8-40 feet)_________. ________________ 185 Fauna 2 (41-105 feet)____---. _______________ 185 FaunaS (106-180 feet)___ —_______ __________ 185 Fauna 4 (181-250 feet)______________________ 186 Page Faunal zonation—Continued Offshore faunal zones—Continued Fauna 5 (251-600 feet)_____---_---_ —------186 Planktonic species__________-_-_-__---_-_-_ 186 Environmental analyses____________________________ 187 General_____________________---__-__-_--__-_ 187 Brackish habitat—--_____ — _---_------_-------187 Offshore area________-. __________-___-_-__--__-188 Paleoecological implications. ____________-_-_____-_--_ 189 Conclusions ___________-__________-_---__-_-_------191 Faunal reference list. _______________-_---_-----_--_ 192 Systematic paleontology—---------------------------,198 Literature cited_______-__-___-_--___--_------------201 Index—_______________--_____-_--__-----------_--203
Preparation and characterization of poly(ethylene glycol) stabilized nano silver particles by a mechanochemical assisted ball mill process

Nano silver particles with an average mean crystallite size of between 10 and 12 nm were synthesized from different molecular weights of poly(ethylene glycol) as a stabilizing agents, through solid state oxidation of silver nitrate using a higher energy planetary ball mill. Ultraviolet-Visible spectra were used to confirm the synthesis of nano silver particles. The surface plasmon resonance bands were observed around 410 nm. Fourier transformed infrared spectrum, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electronic microscopy techniques were used to characterize the nano silver particles synthesized. Thermal stability was determined using thermogravimetic analysis and the elemental composition of the sample was determined by energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The nano silver particles synthesized, exhibited very good antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Based on the obtained results, it was additionally explored that the size and the stabilization of the nano silver particles synthesized, strongly depend on the molecular weight of poly(ethylene glycol). © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43027.
Volatile selenium fluxes from selenium-contaminated sediments in an Australian coastal lake

Environmental context Methylation of sedimentary selenium to volatile dimethylselenide is a natural remediation process for contaminated aquatic systems. We present flux estimates for the loss of dimethylselenide from sediments of an anthropogenically affected lake and observe a 6-fold difference between late autumn–early winter and summer. The loss of dimethylselenide represents a significant sediment loss vector, of the same order as the diffusive loss flux for inorganic selenium across the sediment–water interface. Abstract Overflows from ash dams associated with the operation of coal-fired power stations in Lake Macquarie, NSW, Australia, have been a historical source of selenium to the lake. Although dissolved selenium concentrations have been marginally elevated, sediments are the major sink. Methylation of sedimentary selenium to volatile dimethylselenide (DMSe) is known to be a natural remediation process. Sediments from north of Wyee Bay and the Vales Point Power Station were the subject of field sampling and monitoring to determine the extent to which selenium is being lost to the atmosphere as DMSe. Flux estimates were obtained by trapping volatile selenium species using benthic domes, followed by analysis in the field using a fully automated cryogenic trapping system with atomic fluorescence detection. The detection limit of the system was 0.1ngL–1 for DMSe and 1ngL–1 for dimethyl diselenide (DMDSe). Measurements in both summer and late autumn–early winter showed a distinct seasonal difference, with a higher summer DMSe flux of 53±25ng Se m–2h–1 (±s.d.) compared with 8±5ng Se m–2h–1 in late autumn–early winter. No DMDSe was detected. These fluxes are similar to those measured in Europe and North America, and represent an annual loss of 1.3kg of selenium per year from the nearby lake area. Lake-wide this would represent a significant loss to the atmosphere.
Effects of Hydrothermal Crystallization on the Morphologies and Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Nanotubes

Anatase titania (TiO2) films with highly photocatalytic activity were prepared by hydrothermal treatment of amorphous TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) via electrochemical anodization of titanium (Ti) in fluorine-containing electrolyte. The as-prepared TiO2 films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared TiO2 films was evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) aqueous under UV-light irradiation. The effects of hydrothermal temperature and time on the morphologies, microstructure and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 films were investigated and discussed. It was found that TiO2 NTs were converted to nanoparticles after hydrothermal treatment. The mechanism of deformation of TiO2 NTs was discussed. Hydrothermal treatment enhances the phase transformation of TiO2 films from amorphous to anatase and crystallization of anatase. An optimal hydrothermal condition (150 oC for 8 h) was determined. The anatase TiO2 films prepared under optimal hydrothermal conditions posses larger surface area and higher relative anatase crystallinity and its photocatalytic activity is higher than that of anatase TiO2 films prepared under other hydrothermal conditions.
Pulsed-Gradient Spin-Echo NMR for Planar, Cylindrical, and Spherical Pores under Conditions of Wall Relaxation

Abstract The theory of pulsed-gradient spin-echo NMR in the case of molecules trapped within pores has been extended to include wall-relaxation effects. Expressions are obtained for the echo attenuation under the narrow-gradient-pulse condition for rectangular, cylindrical, and spherical pores. The cylindrical result is new, while those for rectangular and spherical pores differ from previously published formulas. The present results are verified in a number of special limits. It is shown that "diffraction" effects are still strongly apparent when wall relaxation is taken into account. Furthermore, deviations in the pore radius, a , obtained from the position of the echo minimum, are weak in practice, provided that the time between the gradient pulses exceeds a 2 / D , where D is the molecular self-diffusion coefficient.
Use of Conducting Electroactive Polymers for Drug Delivery and Sensing of Bioactive Molecules. A Redox Chemistry Approach

We have examined the properties of polypyrrole (PPy) as a model electroactive membrane which can simultaneously serve as a medium sensing, and bioactive molecule releasing, material using optical spectroscopic, potentiometric, and conductometric methods. In particular, PPy membranes can sense hydrazine in aqueous solution with linear logarithmic potentiometric and conductometric responses between 10-4 and 10-1 M. The sensing properties of the PPy membranes are discussed in terms of both its redox properties and specific acid−base behavior. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has been used as a model drug which is easily loaded into PPy during electrochemical synthesis. ATP release processes from PPy/ATP membranes have been studied spectroscopically using electrochemical and chemical triggering. Electrochemical triggering allowed ATP to be delivered with a variety of release profiles and adjustable rates (up to 20 μg cm-2 min-1 for a 10 μm thick membrane). The mass transfer through the membranes has been successf.
Effect of the bacterial quality of raw milk on the bacterial quality and some other properties of low-heat and high-heat dried milk

The relation between the bacteriological quality of raw milk and the quality of low-and high-heat powder made from it has been investigated. Powder quality is largely unrelated to raw milk quality and is determined by the heat treatment applied during manufacture. Nevertheless, evidence is presented which suggests that raw milk with bacterial counts greater than 2 × 106 colony forming units per ml should not be used for the manufacture of powders to be used for recombination.
A Computational Examination of Detonation Physics and Blast Chemistry

Abstract : This report makes preliminary steps in considering the detonation process for condensed explosives and the chemistry in the field of detonation products as linked physical entities. The desired end state of this research is improved control over explosive energy release. The report begins with a review of detonation physics with attendant algorithms for predicting detonation pressures. The second part of the report includes calculations of turbulent blast chemistry based upon an initial detonation solution for an HMX-based explosive. This chemistry includes a basic carbon soot model. Soot production is calculated over the first 27.5 microseconds of the blast event. Comparisons are shown between models of pure soot nucleation and nucleation with surface growth. Recommendations for further research are included.
Kinetics of Heterogeneous Nucleation of n-Alcohol Crystals from Solution Assisted by Template Thin Films of Monoacylglycerols and Fatty Acids

Kinetic measurements have been made on heterogeneous nucleation of long-chain n-alcohol crystals (herewith referred to as guest crystals) from solution, which was accelerated by the presence of vapor-deposited thin films (referred to as templates) of monoacylglycerols and long chain fatty acids. The host templates were put in slightly supersaturated solution (decane solvent), in which no crystallization occurred over several hours without the template films, yet the template films accelerated the crystallization within several minutes of induction times. The crystallization behavior was examined by microscopic observation and induction time measurements, with specific attention to the template−guest relationships in terms of polymorphism, molecular orientation, and chain length limitation. It was confirmed that the host template films of the monoacylglycerols and the fatty acids accelerated the nucleation of the n-alcohol crystals, exhibiting the polymorphic matching, preservation of the molecular orienta.
4,4′,4″‐Tris(5‐nonyl)‐2,2′ : 6′,2″‐terpyridine as ligand in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP)

The bulk atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene or methyl acrylate was carried out in the presence of CuCl or CuBr complexed by equimolar amounts of 2,2′: 6′,2″-terpyridines (tpy) as ligands. Uncontrolled reactions were observed in the presence of unsubstituted ligands whereas relatively fast but controlled polymerization of styrene and methyl acrylate was observed for CuCl and CuBr complexed by tpy with three 5-nonyl substituents (tNtpy). Molecular weights evolved linearly with conversion and polymers with relatively low polydispersities were formed (Mw/Mn < 1.2).
Study of charge, spin and orbital states in novel transition-metal oxides using X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Transition-metal compounds show a wealth of intriguing properties such as superconductivity, piezoelectricity, giant magnetoresistance, spin and metal-insulator transitions, which are governed by the interplay of charge, spin, and orbital degrees of freedom. The knowledge of their electronic structure is crucial for understanding and predicting the fascinating properties of these often strongly correlated materials. In this thesis x-ray absorption spectroscopy including x-ray magnetic circular dichroism is combined with theoretical calculations to investigate the orbital occupation and orbital ordering of La4Ru2O10, which shows a 4d orbital-ordering transition with spin-gap opening due to spin-singlet formation, and of Ca2RuO4 for which the orbital occupation across phase transitions have been studied. The valence state, spin state and orbital moment has been studied for Ca3Co2O6, which have peculiar step-wise jumps in the magnetization, and in Ca3CoRhO6 and Ca3FeRhO6. For LaMn0.5Co0. 5O3 the valence, spin state, magnetic alignment, and magnetocrystalline anisotropy was investigated.
Chemical Constituents of Some Endemic Conifers in Taiwan

Chemical constituents of conifers of families of Cupressaceae, Pinaceae and Taxodiaceae, of which endemic species such as Chamaecyparis taiwanensis, Chamaecyparis formosensis, Calocedrus formosana, Pinus armandii, Tsuga chinensis and Taiwania cryptomerioides are emphasized. The chemical constituents mainly include terpenes, lignans and flavones. Methods and significance of this research are discussed. Extraction, crystallization and chromatography are general methods for separation of plant constituents. Chemical and spectral methods including IR, MS and NMR are frequently used for structural determination along with X-ray crystallography and circular dichroic spectroscopy to establish absolute configuration in appropriate cases. Finding hinokitiol from Taiwan cypress has initiated the emerging study of troponoid chemistry and nonbenzenoid aromatic compounds. A norsesquiterpene chamaecynone and a mixture of sesquiterpenes T-cadinol and T-muurolol exhibit respectively termiticide and antifidant activities. The flavonoid and stilbene constituents are analyzed to support the chemotaxonomy of armand pine and Taiwan white pine. A study of the constituents of armand pine indicates that 30-nor-3β-methoxyserrat-14-en-21-one is biogenetically derived from 3β-methoxyserrat-14-en-21-one by an oxidative degradation via intermediacy of the 30-alcohol and the 30-aldehyde.
Propriétés mécaniques des nanotubes de carbone en tant que nanosondes et leur fonctionnalisation par bio-nanoparticules

La fixation d'un nanotube de carbone a l'extremite d'une pointe AFM constitue une des approches privilegiees pour ameliorer l'exploitation des sondes locales de force. Nous presentons ici une etude comparative de nanotubes de carbone obtenus par depot chimique de vapeur soit en simple ou double feuillets (diametre typique de l'ordre de 2 a 4 nm) soit en multiples feuillets (diametre de l'ordre de 70 nm) ancres sur la pointe. L'etude en mode dynamique de modulation de frequence des proprietes mecaniques des nanotubes permet de mettre en evidence la competition entre l'adhesion du nanotube sur la surface et l'energie elastique stockee au cours de sa deformation. En tant que nanosonde, le nanotube de carbone presente plusieurs avantages et, par le biais d'une fonctionnalisation specifique, peut meme devenir une sonde bien adaptee pour l'etude des systemes biologiques. Nous proposons ici une methode de mesure de la reconnaissance specifique entre un peptide et un materiau non biologique afin d'envisager par la suite la fonctionnalisation des pointes AFM. Cette methode exploite des nanoparticules fonctionnalisees avec des sequences d'acides amines, synthetisees a partir de resultats d'approche de biologie moleculaire. Ces sequences peptidiques seront ensuite fixees sur une pointe AFM sur laquelle est ancre un nanotube de carbone ou sur une pointe usinee avec un faisceau d'ions focalises. La fonctionnalisation se realise ensuite par trempage, a l'aide d'un AFM dynamique, de la pointe oscillante dans une solution diluee de nanoparticules. Les mesures des deplacements de frequence et de la dissipation peuvent nous indiquer comment les nanoparticules interagissent avec la pointe.
The Effects of Chemical Additives on the Induction Phase in Solid-State Thermal Decomposition of Ammonia Borane

The thermal decomposition of ammonia borane (AB) in the absence and presence of chemical additives was investigated to develop an approach for reducing the induction period for hydrogen release in the solid state. Gas chromatography techniques were used to measure the yield of hydrogen as a function of time under isothermal conditions between 75 and 90 °C to set the baseline. Solid-state 11B-NMR spectroscopy of the products produced after 1 mol equiv of hydrogen had been desorbed from AB (i.e., polyaminoborane) showed a complex mixture of sp3 boron species. Raman microscopy was used to follow the transformation of crystalline AB to amorphous AB upon heating and the subsequent formation of the diammoniate of diborane (DADB). A gas buret was used to monitor the time-dependent release of hydrogen from AB in the presence of chemical additives. The combination of these approaches provides insight into the mechanism of hydrogen release from solid AB. The release of molecular hydrogen is described by a process i.
Avaliação da atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana do extrato etanólico bruto e frações orgânicas obtidas a partir da casca do caule da espécie Guettarda uruguensis Cham. & Scthdl. (Rubiaceae)

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial antioxidante e antimicrobiano do extrato bruto e fracoes obtidas das cascas do caule da especie Guettarda uruguensis. Os ensaios antioxidantes indicaram alto potencial antioxidante. No ensaio de reducao de fosfomolibdenio, a fracao acetato de etila apresentou atividade antioxidante de 41,67% em relacao ao padrao de acido ascorbico e superou em 35,21% a atividade do padrao rutina. No ensaio de reducao do DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), a fracao acetato de etila apresentou um IC50 de 10,91 μg mL-1, valor proximo ao do acido ascorbico (IC50 = 4,78 μg mL-1) e da rutina (IC50 = 6,62 μg mL-1). Pelo ensaio de TBA (acido tiobabiturico) o extrato bruto (IA = 71,48%) e a fracao hexano (IA = 47,85%) apresentaram indices superiores ao controle de BHT (butil hidroxi tolueno) (IA = 42,66). Atraves do ensaio de microdiluicao em placas, foi observado que o extrato bruto e fracoes apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana. O estudo fitoquimico qualitativo revelou a presenca de alcaloides, cumarinas, esteroides e/ou triterpenos, heterosideos saponinicos, taninos e aminogrupos. Palavras-chave: Guettarda uruguensis. Antioxidante. Antimicrobiano. ABSTRACT Assessment of the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the crude ethanolic extract and organic fractions obtained from the stem bark of the specie Guettarda uruguensis Cham. & Scthdl. (Rubiaceae) This main purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of the crude extract and fractions obtained from the stem bark of the plant species. The antioxidant assays indicated high antioxidant capacity. In the reduction assay of the phosphomolybdenum, the ethyl acetate fraction showed antioxidant activity of 41.67% compared to standard ascorbic acid and exceeded in 35.21% the activity of the standard rutin. In the reduction assay of the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), the ethyl acetate fraction showed an IC50 of 10.91 μg mL-1, equivalent to the ascorbic acid (IC50 = 4.78 μg mL-1) and rutin (IC50 = 6.62 μg mL-1). By the TBA (thiobarbituric acid) assay the crude extract (IA = 71.48%) and hexane fraction (IA = 47.85%) had an index higher than the control of BHT (butyl hydroxy toluene) (IA = 42.675). Through of assay of microdilution on plates was verified that the crude extract and fractions showed antimicrobial activity. The qualitative phytochemical study revealed the presence of alkaloids, coumarins, steroids and/or triterpenoids, saponin glycosides, tannins and amino groups. Key words: Guettarda uruguensis. Antioxidant effect. Antimicrobial activity.
Chemical Solution Deposition Of Semiconductor Films

Fundamentals. General Review. Mechanisms of Chemical Deposition. II-VI Semiconductors. PbS and PbSe. Other Sulphides and Selenides. Oxides and Other Semiconductors. Ternary Semiconductors. Photovoltaic and Photoelectrochemical Properties. Nanocrystallinity and Size Quantization in Chemical Deposited Semiconductor Films. Index.
Highly enhanced dielectric strength and energy storage density in hydantoin@BaTiO3–P(VDF-HFP) composites with a sandwich-structure

A sandwich-structured composite consisted of a pure poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF-HFP)) central layer and two BaTiO3–P(VDF-HFP) neighboring layers was developed for high energy storage density. The sandwiched structure effectively enhanced dielectric properties and energy storage capacity of the composites. Breakdown strength and energy storage density of the composite with 35 vol% P(VDF-HFP) central layer reached 315 kV mm−1 and 5.22 J cm−3, which were enhanced by 68% and 125% compared to 187 kV mm−1 and 2.32 J cm−3 of the single layer composite, respectively. The dielectric constant of the composites with sandwich-structure was approximately 3 times higher than the pure P(VDF-HFP) and the dielectric loss was as low as 0.026 at 1 kHz. These results demonstrated that the sandwich-structured ceramics/polymer composite was an effective way to produce high energy density composites.
Improving thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy composites by using functionalized graphene

Perylene tetracarboxylic anhydride (PTCDA) was reacted with 6-aminocaproic acid to form the corresponding perylene bisimide (PBI). PBI was used as the foundation for oligomerisation of glycidol in a ring-opening reaction of glycidol leading to a hyper branched, water-soluble glycidol derivative of perylene (PBI-HPG). PBI-HPG was bound to the reduced graphene oxide via π–π stacking resulting in a compound termed PBI-HPG/RGO. The structure and morphology of PBI-HPG/RGO were investigated by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), wide angle X-ray diffractometry (WAXD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). PBI-HPG/RGO was blended at different loadings in order to improve the thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy composites. The maximum Tg of the epoxy composites was about 20 °C and the decomposition temperature (Td) was 26 °C higher than that of neat epoxy. The incorporation of PBI-HPG/RGO yields a material with an impact strength of 39.6 kJ m−2 and a tensile strength at 0.7 wt%. It increased by 50.8% and 62.3%, respectively, compared to the neat epoxy.
Statistical evaluation of triacylglycerol composition by HPLC/APCI-MS

Summary The statistical evaluation of triacylglycerol profiles in plant oils based on HPLC/MS analysis permits differentiation based on the multidimensional data matrix. The data set of 93 oils from 60 plants composed from 355 triacylglycerols is evaluated using the principal component analysis (PCA). Similarities among some plant oils are visualized by the formation of clusters in the PCA plot. The authentication of plant oils is tested with model samples of olive oil adulterated with sunflower oil at different concentration levels. Our HPLC/MS method using the statistical multivariate data analysis of large data matrix enables a clear identification of adulterated olive oils from 1% of added sunflower oil as an adulterant.
Nouveaux débats sur le vivant

Cet ouvrage est un recueil d'articles et d'entretiens menes par des biologistes et des philosophes qui s'interrogent sur les origines de la vie, l'emergence de la complexite biologique ou bien encore sur les roles de l'adaptabilite et du hasard au cours de l'evolution biologique. De nombreuses questions sont egalement abordees autour des notions de gene, de programme genetique et de leur utilisation metaphorique. Les auteurs insistent egalement sur la place du determinisme dans les sciences biologiques et sur l'influence de la pensee essentialiste en biologie. Pour finir, un philosophe presente l'interet des modeles auto-organises de Stuart Kauffman d'un point de vue epistemologique et un historien dresse le bilan des travaux portant sur la memoire organique. Avec les contributions de Christian de Duve, Henri Atlan, Evelyne Fox Keller.