Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estrutura, dieta e padrão longitudinal da comunidade de peixes de dois rios da Estação Ecologica da Jureia-Itatins e sua regulação por fatores bioticos e abioticos

Algumas teorias e hipoteses sobre o padrao de organizacao e a dinâmica de comunidades de riachos foram desenvolvidas em regioes temperadas. Essas teorias postulam que as mudancas temporais observadas na estrutura de comunidades aquaticas sao mais influenciadas pelas condicoes abioticas, enquanto as diferencas espaciais podemestar mais ligadas as interacoes biologicas que ocorrem entre os membros de uma comunidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar quais os fatores abioticos responsaveis pela geracao e manutencao da diversidade de peixes em dois rios da Estacao Ecologica da Jureia, Itingucu e Tetequera. Quatro pontos de coletas foram determinados em cada rio. Realizamos duas coletas no verao e duas no inverno de 1997. Nao foi observado diferencas entre verao e inverno em relacao ao padrao de similaridade entre os diferentes locais de coleta baseado nas caracteristicas fisico-quimicas. Entretanto, esses parâmentros variaram longitudinalmente. Nas zonas inferiores as condicoes fisico-quimicas sofreram alteracoes diarias por causa da influencia de mares. Os trechos medio e superior apresentaram essas condicoes mais estaveis, com algumas caracteristicas sendo peculiares em cada trecho. Quanto a diversidade e riqueza de especies, estas foram maiores, geralmente no verao. Uma das causas foi que nesta epoca houve aumento no volume de agua, o que propiciou maior disponibilidade de habitats para serem explorados por novas especies e por um numero maior de individuos Abstract
Hybrid Spatio-Temporal Artificial Noise Design for Secure MIMOME-OFDM Systems

This paper investigates artificial noise (AN) injection along the temporal and spatial dimensions of a legitimate system to secure its transmissions from potential eavesdropping. In particular, we consider a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) system in the presence of a multiple-antenna passive eavesdropper and characterize both the secrecy rate and average secrecy rate of the legitimate system. We assume that the legitimate transmitter knows the full channel state information (CSI) of the links connecting it with its legitimate receiver but does not know the instantaneous CSI of the passive eavesdropper. Closed-form expressions for the secrecy rate and average secrecy rate are derived for the asymptotic case of a large number of transmit antennas. We compare the degrading effects of spatial and temporal AN on the eavesdropper's rate. We also investigate the power allocation between the data and the AN and the power allocation between the spatial and the temporal AN. An upper bound on the secrecy rate loss due to the presence of the eavesdropper is also derived, and computer simulations are carried out to demonstrate the performance of our proposed AN scheme.
Intrathecal Humoral Responses Are Inversely Associated with the Frequency of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Macrophage-Tropic Variants in the Central Nervous System

ABSTRACT Sustained simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of the central nervous system (CNS) depends on macrophage-tropic (M-tropic) strains that are often easily neutralizable. The CNS is often thought of as an immunologically privileged site that fosters replication of M-tropic quasispecies. Yet, there are limited data addressing the intrathecal antibody response or the role of the humoral response, in general, to control M-tropic strains. We investigated the temporal course of the intrathecal fusion inhibitory activity against an M-tropic viral variant and found an inverse relationship between the magnitude of this neutralization and the prevalence of M-tropic populations. These studies suggest a role for the humoral response in the suppression of M-tropic viral species in the CNS in experimental SIV infection.
BotProfiler: Detecting Malware-Infected Hosts by Profiling Variability of Malicious Infrastructure

Ever-evolving malware makes it difficult to prevent it from infecting hosts. Botnets in particular are one of the most serious threats to cyber security, since they consist of a lot of malware-infected hosts. Many countermeasures against malware infection, such as generating networkbased signatures or templates, have been investigated. Such templates are designed to introduce regular expressions to detect polymorphic attacks conducted by attackers. A potential problem with such templates, however, is that they sometimes falsely regard benign communications as malicious, resulting in false positives, due to an inherent aspect of regular expressions. Since the cost of responding to malware infection is quite high, the number of false positives should be kept to a minimum. Therefore, we propose a system to generate templates that cause fewer false positives than a conventional system in order to achieve more accurate detection of malware-infected hosts. We focused on the key idea that malicious infrastructures, such as malware samples or command and control, tend to be reused instead of created from scratch. Our research verifies this idea and proposes here a new system to profile the variability of substrings in HTTP requests, which makes it possible to identify invariable keywords based on the same malicious infrastructures and to generate more accurate templates. The results of implementing our system and validating it using real traffic data indicate that it reduced false positives by up to two-thirds compared to the conventional system and even increased the detection rate of infected hosts. key words: malware, botnet, dynamic analysis, template
Genesis, Neurotrophin Responsiveness, and Apoptosis of a Pronounced Direct Connection between the Two Eyes of the Chick Embryo: A Natural Error or a Meaningful Developmental Event?

Unilateral intraocular injections of either of two fluorescent carbocyanine dyes into the embryonic chick eye resulted in both retrograde staining of ganglion cells (GCs) in the eye contralateral to site of injection and anterograde labeling of axons whose cell bodies were located within the injected eye. This prominent retino-retinal projection formed by thousands of GCs having a nasal origin and temporal termination appeared at embryonic day 6 (E6), attained its maximum intensity at E13–E14, and gradually disappeared until E18. The axonal growth cones ended superficially and never penetrated deeper layers of the retina. Treatment of the projection with BDNF resulted in massive terminal branching of the axons within deeper layers of the target retina. Double injection into the eye and the isthmo-optic nucleus showed a concomitant ingrowth of axons in the contralateral retina. Individual GCs died between E9 and E13, but massive apoptotic cell death was mainly monitored at E14 and later. Disintegrated cells showed typical images of apoptosis. Because degenerating cells were prelabeled with the membranophilic fluorescent carbocyanine dye, their death allowed the concomitant visualization of phagocytosing cells, too. Radial Müller glia were the only class of cells observed to become phagocytotic between E9 and E16. These cells became replaced exclusively with microglial cells from E17 on. The results suggest that the topologically restricted retino-retinal projection may have some developmental significance rather than representing a massive erroneous projection. Most likely, the projection may serve as a “template” to guide centrifugal isthmo-optic axons into the retina.
Vero cytotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection in dairy farm families.

Fecal samples from 335 dairy farm residents and 1458 cattle on 80 farms were tested for Vero cytotoxin (VT)-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC). Residents were also tested for antibodies to VT1 and O157 lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Residents and cattle on farms with VTEC-positive persons or E. coli O157:H7-positive cattle were retested. Twenty-one persons (6.3%) on 16 farms (20.8%) and 46% of cattle on 100% of the farms had VTEC in fecal samples. Human VTEC isolates included E. coli O157:H7 and 8 other serotypes, 4 of which were present in cattle on the same farms. More persons had antibodies to VT1 (41%) than to O157 LPS (12.5%). Seropositivity to O157 LPS was associated with isolation of E. coli O157:H7 on the farm (P = .022). Human VTEC infection was negatively associated with age (P < .05) and was not associated with clinical illness. Many dairy farm residents experience subclinical immunizing VTEC infections at a young age, which frequently involve non-O157 VTEC found in cattle.
Results of the 2nd International Workshop on the Impact of Agile Practices (ImpAct 2017)

At present, agile development is a dominating development process in software engineering. Yet, due to different contexts, also agile methods require adaptations (e.g. Scrum-but). Since adaptation means adding, modifying or dropping some agile elements, it is important to know what the effects and importance of these elements are. Given the weak state of empirical evidence in this area, we initiated the workshop series on the Impact of Agile Practices (ImpAct). This paper provides a summary of the second workshop of this series, especially its lightning talks and discussions. The major outcomes include interesting observations such as negatively rated practices and contradicting experiences as well as follow-up activities ordered in a roadmap.
Representations of finite group schemes and morphisms of projective varieties

Given a finite group scheme G over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic char(k)=p>0 , we introduce new invariants for a G ‐module M by associating certain morphisms imMj:UM,j⟶Grdj(M)(1⩽j⩽p−1) to M , which take values in Grassmannians of M . These maps are defined for two classes of finite algebraic groups, infinitesimal group schemes and elementary abelian group schemes. They often give rise to degrees degj(M) ranging between 0 and jrkj(M) , where rkj(M) is the generic j ‐rank of M . If M is a module of constant j ‐rank with dual module M* , these data are linked by the formula degj(M)+degj(M*)=jrkj(M). The extreme values for degj(M) are attained when the module M has the equal images property or the equal kernels property. For a self‐dual module M of constant Jordan type, our formula provides information concerning the indecomposable constituents of the pullback α*(M) of M along a p ‐point α:k[T]/(Tp)⟶kG .
Antibacterial activities of extracts from twelve Centaurea species from Turkey

Members of the genus Centaurea (Asteraceae) have been used in traditional plant-based medicine. The methanol extracts of twelve Centaurea species, of which five are endemic to Turkey flora, were screened for antibacterial activity against four bacteria (Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus). The antibacterial activity was evaluated by the microdilution method and the minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC) of the extracts were determined. C. cariensis subsp. microlepis exhibited an antimicrobial effect on all tested microorganisms. The extracts from eight Centaurea species (C. balsamita, C. calolepis, C. cariensis subsp. maculiceps, C. cariensis subsp. microlepis, C. kotschyi var. kotschyi, C. solstitialis subsp. solstitialis, C. urvillei subsp. urvillei and C. virgata) possessed antibacterial activity against several of the tested microorganisms.
Complex Ancestries of Isoprenoid Synthesis in Dinoflagellates

Isoprenoid metabolism occupies a central position in the anabolic metabolism of all living cells. In plastid‐bearing organisms, two pathways may be present for de novo isoprenoid synthesis, the cytosolic mevalonate pathway (MVA) and nuclear‐encoded, plastid‐targeted nonmevalonate pathway (DOXP). Using transcriptomic data we find that dinoflagellates apparently make exclusive use of the DOXP pathway. Using phylogenetic analyses of all DOXP genes we inferred the evolutionary origins of DOXP genes in dinoflagellates. Plastid replacements led to a DOXP pathway of multiple evolutionary origins. Dinoflagellates commonly referred to as dinotoms due to their relatively recent acquisition of a diatom plastid, express two completely redundant DOXP pathways. Dinoflagellates with a tertiary plastid of haptophyte origin, by contrast, express a hybrid pathway of dual evolutionary origin. Here, changes in the targeting motif of signal/transit peptide likely allow for targeting the new plastid by the proteins of core isoprenoid metabolism proteins. Parasitic dinoflagellates of the Amoebophyra species complex appear to have lost the DOXP pathway, suggesting that they may rely on their host for sterol synthesis.
Medición de la calidad de vida en la ciudad de Guatemala y su importancia en el diseño de una política pública municipal

La ciudad de Guatemala ha crecido rápidamente y de forma desordenada, lo cual implica que no todas las zonas o los barrios de la ciudad reciben o se benefician de los servicios prestados por el gobierno municipal. A fin de determinar el impacto de la provisión o ausencia de servicios municipales en los hogares en diferentes zonas de la ciudad, estudiamos la calidad de vida en la ciudad de Guatemala de modo de ver cómo esta puede apoyar la definición de políticas públicas tanto en materia de inversión como de provisión de servicios municipales. Para ello, utilizamos dos métodos complementarios: precios hedónicos y preguntas de satisfacción. El método de precios hedónicos se basa en los precios o rentas de las viviendas para inferir la contribución de las características de los vecindarios y la ciudad sobre la calidad de vida. Para complementar este método se emplearon preguntas de satisfacción enfocadas en la vida, el vecindario y la ciudad. Al igual que en estudios previos, encontramos que la satisfacción en la vida aumenta significativamente con los ingresos, pero que el nivel de ingresos no afecta la satisfacción de vida, aun cuando la desigualdad de ingresos en la ciudad es alta. Con ambas metodologías se muestra que la provisión del servicio de recolección de basura aumenta la calidad de vida. Los daños en las viviendas a consecuencia de las precipitaciones reducen significativamente los niveles de satisfacción con la vida, la vivienda, el vecindario y la ciudad. Las tasas de criminalidad reducen significativamente las rentas de las viviendas pero no están asociadas con los niveles de satisfacción. Se concluye que para que esta metodología sea útil en la generación de políticas públicas novedosas y a la medida de las necesidades de los vecinos en los barrios que tienen espacio para mejorar su calidad de vida, la administración municipal debe contar con información adecuada de forma geo-referenciada, un plan de ordenamiento territorial actualizado y capacidad para ejecutarlo, catastros de propiedad y fiscal actualizados, una gestión financiera moderna, participación ciudadana, y capacidad de desplegar la administración municipal en el territorio.
The Computational Anatomy of Visual Neglect

Abstract Visual neglect is a debilitating neuropsychological phenomenon that has many clinical implications and—in cognitive neuroscience—offers an important lesion deficit model. In this article, we describe a computational model of visual neglect based upon active inference. Our objective is to establish a computational and neurophysiological process theory that can be used to disambiguate among the various causes of this important syndrome; namely, a computational neuropsychology of visual neglect. We introduce a Bayes optimal model based upon Markov decision processes that reproduces the visual searches induced by the line cancellation task (used to characterize visual neglect at the bedside). We then consider 3 distinct ways in which the model could be lesioned to reproduce neuropsychological (visual search) deficits. Crucially, these 3 levels of pathology map nicely onto the neuroanatomy of saccadic eye movements and the systems implicated in visual neglect.
Upregulation of multi drug resistance genes in doxorubicin resistant human acute myelogeneous leukemia cells and reversal of the resistance

Abstract The major problem in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients results from multidrug resistance to administered anticancer agents. Drug resistance proteins, MDR1 and MRP1, which work as drug efflux pumps, can mediate the multidrug resistance of human leukemia cells. In this study, the mechanisms of resistance to doxorubicin-induced cell death in human HL60 AML cells were examined. Continuous exposure of cells to step-wise increasing concentrations of doxorubicin resulted in the selection of HL60/DOX cells, which expressed about 10.7-fold resistance as compared to parental sensitive cells. The expression analyses of MRP1 and MDR1 drug efflux proteins in doxorubicin-sensitive and -resistant HL60 cells revealed that there was an upregulation of MRP1 gene in HL60/DOX cells as compared to parental sensitive cells. On the other hand, while there was no expression of MDR1 gene in parental cells, the expression of MDR1 gene was upregulated in HL60/DOX cells. HL60/DOX cells also showed cross-resistance to cytosine arabinoside (Ara-c). This resistance was reversed by a combination therapy of Ara-c and cyclosporine A. However, the expression levels of CD15 and CD16 surface markers were significantly decreased in HL60/DOX cells.
Requirement of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase in Focal Adhesion Kinase-promoted Cell Migration*

We have previously shown that overexpression of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells promoted their migration on fibronectin. This effect was dependent on the phosphorylation of FAK at Tyr-397. This residue was known to serve as a binding site for both Src and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), implying that either one or both are required for FAK to promote cell migration. In this study, we have examined the role of PI3K in FAK-promoted cell migration. We have demonstrated that the PI3K inhibitors, wortmannin and LY294002, were able to inhibit FAK-promoted migration in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, a FAK mutant capable of binding Src but not PI3K was generated by a substitution of Asp residue 395 with Ala. When overexpressed in CHO cells, this differential binding mutant failed to promote cell migration although its association with Src was retained. Together, these results strongly suggest that PI3K binding is required for FAK to promote cell migration and that the binding of Src and p130Cas to FAK may not be sufficient for this event.
The Value of the Perpetual American Call on the Time-Average of the Stock

We consider the problem of pricing the perpetual American call on the time-average of the stock. We prove that the value of this American contingent claim is the optimal expected payoff function g* of the associated optimal stopping problem. And g* is characterized by a unique solution of the associated free-boundary problem. We also identify an integral equation solved by the boundary function.
Parler après une cordectomie : intelligibilité et qualité de vie

La chirurgie des cancers des voies aero-digestives superieures entrave les patients dans leur communication. Les chirurgies lourdes comme la laryngectomie totale sont un bouleversement dans la vie des operes. Neanmoins, des chirurgies moins visibles comme la cordectomie affectent egalement les patients. Nous avons voulu comprendre le ressenti des patients operes d une cordectomie. Du point de vue de l auditeur afin d evaluer l intelligibilite de la parole ; puis, de celui du patient, pour comprendre son ressenti quotidien. Objectifs : Evaluer l intelligibilite et la qualite de vie relative a la parole de ces patients operes et determiner s il existe une correlation entre ces deux elements. Methode : Evaluation filmee de l intelligibilite et auto-questionnaire (Parole Handicap Index) de 17 patients operes d une cordectomie laser endoscopique au CHU Pellegrin de Bordeaux. Cette evaluation a ete realisee avec un recul post-operatoire minimum de 6 mois. Deux jurys ont visionne la video, l un expert dans le domaine vocal, l autre non expert ; afin de comparer l intelligibilite selon l expertise. Puis comparaison des scores d intelligibilite et de qualite de vie pour determiner l existence d une correlation. Resultats : Les patients se plaignent de troubles de parole retentissant sur leur vie sociale et familiale. L analyse de l intelligibilite a mis en evidence les phonemes perturbes. L intelligibilite varie selon l expertise de l auditeur et est correlee a la qualite de vie. Conclusion : L auto evaluation de la parole a mis en evidence les plaintes concernant la communication. L intelligibilite semble etre une piste interessante de reeducation, dans la mesure ou elle permet d ameliorer la communication du patient et influe sur sa qualite de vie. Neanmoins, son evaluation reste difficile car elle varie avec l auditeur.
Impact of PET and CT in PET/CT Studies for Staging and Evaluating Treatment Response in Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas

Purpose: Study impact of F-18 FDG PET/CT on initial staging, restaging, and evaluating treatment response (ETR) in bone and soft tissue sarcomas (BSTS), focusing on discrepancy between CT and PET portions. Patients and Methods: Ninety-three BSTS patients having 204 F-18 FDG PET/CT studies were retrospectively reviewed. They were divided into 4 groups. Group I for initial staging included 16 patient studies. The other 3 groups were divided according to the time interval from last treatment received. Group II for ETR up to 2 months included 83 studies. Group III was for early restaging after 2 to 6 months included 45 studies. Group IV was for long-term follow-up after 6 months included 60 studies. All results were confirmed either by pathology, or by clinical follow-up. Results: Sixteen studies for initial staging were concordant in 14 and discordant in 2 patients (48 lesions, 46 concordant, and 2 discordant). PET showed 97.2% sensitivity and 100% specificity versus 100% and 91.6% on CT. Regarding the other 3 groups, 498 lesions were detected; PET and CT were concordant in 436/498 (88%) and discordant in 62/498 (12%). In group II for ETR, PET and CT were concordant in 64/83 (77%) and discordant in 19/83(23%) studies—13 showed excellent to complete response on PET with partial response (PR) or stable disease (SD) on CT; 6 studies in PET showed PR versus SD or progression of disease (PD) on CT. In group III, for early restaging of disease 36/45 (80%) concordant and 9/45 (20%) discordant (3 showed excellent to complete response and 2 PR on PET versus CT SD, 3 PET PR versus CT PD, and 1 PET study showed PD while CT showed SD). In group IV, for long-term restaging, 49/60 (82%) were concordant and 11/60 (18%) were discordant; 9 PET studies were negative for active disease versus CT positive and 2 PET studies showed PD, CT was negative. PET alone showed 94.1% sensitivity and 94.6% specificity versus 97.2% and 63.5% for CT, 100% and 95.9% for PET/CT. Conclusions: In BSTS for the purpose of initial staging, ETR, short-term, or long-term restaging, FDG-PET is more accurate than CT. Combined PET/CT has higher accuracy than either alone.
Design of embedded automatic face recognition system based on arm 9

Face recognition system makes use of latest, less power consumptive, small size and fast working micro controller like S3C2440.It uses an USB camera to take a snapshot of the users that are present in front of camera. The captured images are stored into NAND flash. Advanced security to identify particular person (criminals) based on the images stored already inside the data connected to the USB port of ARM9. The embedded system is designed based on face recognition algorithm to detect the particular person (criminals). If any person identification is matched with the images present in data automatically sends message to the police station through GSM Modem & automatically Video display show in LCD.