Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bin packing, number balancing, and rescaling linear programs

Bin packing, number balancing, and rescaling linear programs Rebecca Hoberg Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Assistant Professor Thomas Rothvoss Mathematics and CSE This thesis deals with several important algorithmic questions using techniques from diverse areas including discrepancy theory, machine learning and lattice theory. In Chapter 2, we construct an improved approximation algorithm for a classical NPcomplete problem, the bin packing problem. In this problem, the goal is to pack items of sizes si ∈ [0, 1] into as few bins as possible, where a set of items fits into a bin provided the sum of the item sizes is at most one. We give a polynomial-time rounding scheme for a standard linear programming relaxation of the problem, yielding a packing that uses at most OPT + O(logOPT ) bins. This makes progress towards one of the “10 open problems in approximation algorithms” stated in the book of Shmoys and Williamson [WS11]. In fact, based on related combinatorial lower bounds, Rothvoss conjectures that Θ(logOPT ) may be a tight bound on the additive integrality gap of this LP relaxation. In Chapter 3, we give a new polynomial-time algorithm for linear programming. Our algorithm is based on the multiplicative weights update (MWU) method, which is a general framework that is currently of great interest in theoretical computer science. An algorithm for linear programming based on MWU was known previously, but was not polynomial time – we remedy this by alternating between a MWU phase and a rescaling phase. The rescaling methods we introduce improve upon previous methods such as those of [PS16] by reducing the number of iterations needed until one can rescale, and they can be used for any algorithm with a similar rescaling structure. Finally, we note that the MWU phase of the algorithm has a simple interpretation as gradient descent of a particular potential function, and we show we can speed up this phase by walking in a direction that decreases both the potential function and its gradient. In Chapter 4, we show that an approximate oracle for Minkowski’s Theorem gives an approximate oracle for the number balancing problem, and conversely. Number balancing is the problem of minimizing |〈a, x〉| over x ∈ {−1, 0, 1}n \ {0}, given a ∈ [0, 1]. While an application of the pigeonhole principle shows that there always exists x with |〈a, x〉| ≤ O( √ n 2n ), the best known algorithm only guarantees |〈a, x〉| ≤ n−Θ(logn) [KK82a]. We show that an oracle for Minkowski’s Theorem with approximation factor ρ would give an algorithm for NBP that guarantees |〈a, x〉| ≤ 2−nΘ(1/ρ). In particular, this would beat the bound of [KK82a] provided ρ ≤ O(logn/ log log n). In the other direction, we prove that any polynomial time algorithm for NBP that guarantees a solution of difference at most 2 √ /2 would give a polynomial approximation for Minkowski as well as a polynomial factor approximation algorithm for the Shortest Vector Problem. This rescaling was discovered in a parallel and independent work by Dadush, Végh and Zambelli [DVZ16].
Extraction et recherche d'information en langage naturel dans les documents semi-structurés

La recherche d'information (RI) dans des documents semi-structures (ecrits en XML en pratique) combine des aspects de la RI traditionnelle et ceux de l'interrogation de bases de donnees. La structure a une importance primordiale, mais le besoin d'information reste vague. L'unite de recherche est variable (un paragraphe, une figure, un article complet\dots). Par ailleurs, la flexibilite du langage XML autorise des manipulations du contenu qui provoquent parfois des ruptures arbitraires dans le flot naturel du texte. Les problemes poses par ces caracteristiques sont nombreux, que ce soit au niveau du pre-traitement des documents ou de leur interrogation. Face a ces problemes, nous avons etudie les solutions specifiques que pouvait apporter le traitement automatique de la langue (TAL). Nous avons ainsi propose un cadre theorique et une approche pratique pour permettre l'utilisation des techniques d'analyse textuelle en faisant abstraction de la structure. Nous avons egalement concu une interface d'interrogation en langage naturel pour la RI dans les documents XML, et propose des methodes tirant profit de la structure pour ameliorer la recherche des elements pertinents.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Respiratory Diseases in Adults 8

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was first used in adults in 1972 in a young patient with posttraumatic acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The technology is derived from the cardiopulmonary bypass machine used for cardiac surgery, modified for a longer-term support of respiratory and/or cardiac function. There are two major types of support that may be provided with ECMO, veno-venous ECMO (VV-ECMO) and venoarterial ECMO (VA-ECMO). The former is used in patients with good cardiac function, in an effort to support lung function, while the latter is used in patients with poor cardiac function, in an effort to support the failing heart. Significant advances continue to be made in the field of extracorporeal life support (ECLS) and the modality promises to supplement the management options available for the niche role in management of patients with severe cardiac and respiratory disease. In this review, we discuss the latest developments and usage of ECMO in respiratory diseases in adults.
Redistribution, production inefficiency and decentralized efficiency

This paper analyzes the role of production distortion in income redistribution in an international trade model. In particular, it examines the role of the Stolper and Samuelson effect on efficient income redistribution. It first shows that production inefficiency can be part of a Pareto-efficient tax system for a small country when there is an asymmetric information problem between the government and individuals. Second, the paper shows that such production inefficiency is not only Pareto-improving for a small country, but is also essential in achieving worldwide tax-constrained Pareto-efficient allocation. These two results suggest important implications for commercial policies.
THE POSTFLEDGING DEPENDENCE PERIOD OF THE LESSER KESTREL (FALCO-NAUMANNI) IN SOUTHWESTERN SPAIN

--We studied the post-fledging dependence period of individually marked lesser kestrels (Falco naumanni) in southwestern Spain. Chicks fledged at a mean age of 37 d and remained at the breeding colony, depending on their parents for food, on average 5 d more. Parents declined food provisioning to offspring during the post-fledging dependence period. We did not observe play with objects, social play, training or learning of hunting skills among the fledglings. Family groups dissolved once the fledglings dispersed from the colony. The adults tend to remain at the breeding colony while juveniles have been observed up to 164 km NE-NW from their natal colony before starting fall migration.
Membrane Transport: A Cellular Probe of Heat Stroke.

Abstract : In vitro effects of temperature on permeation of Na+ and K+ were explored in red cells of guinea pig to evaluate the Energy Depletion Hypothesis of heatstroke. Prior to Midterm Report it was found that large changes in cell Na+ and K+ do not occur at 410C and 450C, that increase in pump activity matches elevated Na+ permeation at 410C and that steep rise in K-Cl cotransport at 410C and 450C accounts for most increase in passive K+ permeation. Since Midterm Report this large temperature effect on K-Cl cotransport has been shown to operate indirectly through regulation of the carrier, most probably the phosphates that activates it. Increased net loss of K+ through this pathway protects the cell from swelling at 410C and 450C. In vitro this loss is balanced by uptake of K+ through the Na-K pump, but if pumps are limited in vivo, it could account for hyperthermic hyperkalemia. Cell acidification (and swelling) causes an enormous increase in Na+ uptake at 410C and 450C through an unknown amiloride sensitive pathway. This devastating rise in Na permeation could, if general, meet the primary condition for cell failure postulated by the Energy Depletion Hypothesis.
Change Implementation in the School

Processes taking place in schools in the modern era are very dynamic and the school as an organization must make adjustments and adaptation to a modern society. Therefore, it is crucial for the school principals to lead the necessary changes based on the management tools and methods of organizational excellence. The article deals with organizational changes in Israeli school, including Kotter's 8 step change model (2003), which includes a description of each stage and its implementation during the change management process, the objections to change inside and outside the organization, finding creative solutions based on analysis of the responses and monitoring. The article reviews the E.F. Q.M. Excellence Model and its integration in the school and the staff, as a central axis of the change that took place and which led the school to an organizational excellence. The article presents the school's significant successes, which is positioned as one of the best schools in the district. © 2016 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy. org.uk
BRIEF REPORT: Intrinsic Motivation in Two Exercise Interventions: Associations with Fitness and Body Composition

Objective: To examine the motivational process through which increases in aerobic capacity and decreases in total body fat are achieved during High Intensity Intermittent Training (HIT) and Moderate Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) interventions. Methods : Eighty-seven physically inactive adults (65% female; age= 42 ± 12, BMI = 27.67 ± 4.99 kg/m 2 ) took part in a 10-week randomized intervention testing group-based HIT (repeated sprints of 15-60 s interspersed with periods of recovery cycling ≤ 25 mins/session, 3 sessions.wk -1 ) or Moderate Intensity Continuous Training (MICT; cycling at constant workload of (~65% VO 2max , 30-45 min.session -1 , 5 sessions.wk -1 ). Assessments of aerobic capacity (VO 2max ) and total body fat were made pre- and post-intervention. Motivation variables were assessed mid-intervention and class attendance was monitored throughout. Path analysis was employed, controlling for treatment arm and baseline values of VO 2max and total body fat. Results : The two groups differed in adherence only (in favour of HIT). Baseline VO 2max predicted intrinsic motivation mid-intervention. Intrinsic motivation predicted program adherence, which in turn predicted increases inVO 2max and decreases in total body fat by the end of the study. Conclusions: Intrinsic motivation in HIT and MICT is positively linked to adherence to these programs, which can facilitate improvements in fitness and body composition.
Drifting plastic debris as a potential vector for dispersing Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) species

Macroscopic observations of floating plastic debris collected at several places along the Catalan coast (northwestern Mediterranean) showed conspicuous green-yellow patches adhered to them. The microscopic examination of these patches showed that they were constituted mainly of benthic diatoms and small flagellates ( Ostreopsis sp. and Coolia sp. , resting cysts of unidentified dinoflagellates and both temporary cysts and vegetative cells of Alexandrium taylori were also found. Plastic debris is considered to be one of the most serious problems affecting the marine environment. We suggest drifting plastic debris as a potential vector for microalgae dispersal.
EVALUACIÓN DEL PROYECTO: “COMPRENSIÓN LECTORA, ESCRITURA Y PENSAMIENTO MATEMÁTICO: FORTALECER EL APRENDIZAJE A TRAVÉS DE LAS TIC”

Este articulo es un reporte parcial de investigacion donde difunde la elaboracion de un Instrumento Diagnostico como parte de la evaluacion del Proyecto Sureste: "Comprension lectora, escritura y pensamiento matematico: Fortalecer el aprendizaje a traves de las TIC ", que coordina el Programa de Escuelas de Calidad (PEC). Entre los resultados mas importantes se encuentran la revision y la comparacion de otras pruebas aplicadas en el ambito nacional e internacional como lo son PISA y ENLACE, que sirvieron como base para el diseno de un instrumento diagnostico que evalua las competencias VI.1. 3 y VI.2. 2 del acuerdo 592 de la Reforma Integral de la Educacion Basica (RIEB). Este proyecto forma parte de un estudio descriptivo de corte cuantitativo, con enfoque no experimental y diseno longitudinal, donde los resultados se compararan con los que se obtengan en la aplicacion del mismo instrumento, y a los mismos alumnos, en Junio de 2015.
The Role of Electronic Channels in Micro-Sized Brick-and-Mortar Firms

Abstract The purpose of this study is to increase understanding of the role of electronic channels in micro-sized brick-and-mortar firms, which are just starting to utilize new channels in the promotion of their goods and services. With the use of a multiple case study method containing six cases, the study first identifies external and internal factors affecting the adoption and use of e-channels in micro-sized firms. Secondly, the results propose, in line with previous literature, that different e-channel utilization levels can be identified. The paper provides both theoretical and managerial implications.
Aneurisma del tronco de la coronaria izquierda e insuficiencia aórtica de origen sifilítico.: Reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura

Correspondencia: Dr. Oscar René González Hernández. Venustiano Carranza No. 325, Interior 4, Colonia Centro, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. Código Postal 44280. Teléfono: 3313843966. E-mail: oscar_vol76@hotmail.com Servicio de Cardiología. Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Acalde”. Calle Hospital #278 SH Centro CP 44280. Guadalajara. Jalisco. México. Tel. : +52 33 39424400 ext 49272 y 49312.
EL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO EN LA INDUSTRIA ASEGURADORA CON UN ENFOQUE ANTE LA INCERTIDUMBRE

La gestion estrategica en la industria aseguradora es un factor clave para organizaciones y gobiernos. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la importancia de incorporar la incertidumbre en el desarrollo de modelos de riesgos. La deteccion y tratamiento oportuno de los efectos del cambio climatico van a resultar fundamentales en el rediseno de las politicas de contingencias que deberan asumir las entidades aseguradoras en condiciones de incertidumbre. Los resultados permitiran impulsar una gestion y toma de decisiones mas eficaz y eficiente.
Use of complementary and alternative medicine before and after organ removal due to urologic cancer Jens

License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Limited. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress. com/permissions.php Patient Preference and Adherence 2015:9 1407–1412 Patient Preference and Adherence Dovepress
Reconstitution of Superoxide-forming NADPH Oxidase Activity with Cytochrome b 558 Purified from Porcine Neutrophils

Cytochrome b658 of pig blood neutrophils was purified from the membranes of resting cells to examine its ability to reconstitute superoxide (0;)-forming NADPH oxidase activity in a cell-free assay system containing cytosol and fatty acid. The membrane-associated cytochrome b658 was solubilized with a detergent, n-heptyl P-thioglucoside, and purified by DEAESepharose, heparin-Sepharose, and Mono Q column chromatography. The final preparation of cytochrome containing 11.5 nmol of protoheme/mg of protein gave bands of the large and small subunits on immunoblotted gel. The cell-free system with the purified cytochrome alone as a membrane component showed little 0;-generating activity in the absence of exogenous FAD. However, the system showed high 0;-generating activity of 31.8 mol/s/mol of cytochrome b558 (52.5% of the original 0;-generating activity of the solubilized membranes) in the presence of a nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) reductase fraction that was separated from the cytochrome b fraction by heparin-Sepharose chromatography. Heat treatment of the NBT reductase fraction resulted in loss of the 0;-generating activity in the reconstituted system. The 0;-forming activity of the reconstituted system was markedly decreased by removal of FAD from the NBT reductase fraction and was restored by readdition of FAD to the FAD-depleted reductase. The reconstituted system containing purified cytochrome bS68 plus the NBT reductase showed -100 times higher 0;-generating activity than a system containing rabbit liver NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase instead. These results suggest that both the FAD-dependent NBT reductase and cytochrome b558 a re required as membrane redox components for 0;forming NADPH oxidase activity. The present data a re discussed in comparison with previously reported results on reconstituted systems containing added free FAD.
Abciximab in the treatment of coronary artery disease

Antiplatelet therapy constitutes a cornerstone in the strategies aimed at the effective management of acute coronary syndrome. Abciximab is the oldest and most commonly used intravenous antiplatelet agent in this context, in particular when an invasive strategy is adopted. It is very commonly used in more unstable and high- risk patients. Trials have proven the event-free survival benefits of using abciximab in the right context. This agent also has some adverse outcomes associated with its use that the clinicians need to be well aware of and take precautions against. The comparative cost efficacy with its use too is of significance. There is a growing evidence base on the different ways abciximab is used and the benefits and risks thereof. Since the development and introduction of novel anticoagulants and more potent oral anti-platelet agents, the place of abciximab in the treatment of acute coronary syndrome today needs to be reviewed and clearly defined. This review attempts to study the cross - section of the evidence base to date on the clinical use, efficacy and risks related to the use of abciximab and spotlight the most recent guidelines published by the different global peak bodies to provide a practical overview to the clinician.
Synchrotron flaring behaviour of Cygnus X-3 during the February-March 1994 and September 2001 outbursts

Aims. In this paper we study whether the shock-in-jet model, widely used to explain the outbursting behaviour of quasars, can be used to explain the radio flaring behaviour of the microquasar Cygnus X-3. Methods. We have used a method developed to model the synchrotron outbursts of quasar jets, which decomposes multifrequency lightcurves into a series of outbursts. The method is based on the Marscher & Gear (1985, ApJ, 298, 114) shock model, but we have implemented the modifications to the model suggested by Bjornsson & Aslaksen (2000, ApJ, 533, 787), which make the flux density increase in the initial phase less abrupt. We study the average outburst evolution, as well as specific characteristics of individual outbursts and physical jet properties of Cyg X-3. Results. We find that the lightcurves of the February−March 1994 and September 2001 outbursts can be described with the modified shock model. The average evolution shows that, instead of the expected synchrotron plateau, the flux density is still increasing during the synchrotron stage. We also find that high frequency peaking outbursts are shorter in duration than those peaking at lower frequencies. Finally, we show that the method can be used, complementary to radio interferometric jet imaging, for deriving the physical parameters such as the magnetic field strength and the energy density of relativistic electrons in the jet of Cyg X-3.
Grigori Kuzmin and Stellar Dynamics

Abstract Grigori Kuzmin was a very gifted dynamicist and one of the towering figures in the distinguished history of the Tartu Observatory. He obtained a number of important results in relative isolation which were later rediscovered in the West. This work laid the foundation for further advances in the theory of stellar systems in dynamical equilibrium, thereby substantially increasing our understanding of galaxy dynamics.
The Relationship Between Personality Characteristics and Emotional Intelligence and Academic Performance at the Students of Medical Sciences the Alborz Province

The concepts Spiritual Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence play a very important and vital role in determining many variables in health psychology. Spiritual Intelligence is adaptive use of Spiritual information (SI) to facilitate everyday problem solving and goal attainment. Emotional intelligence (EI) is the ability to identify, assess, and control the emotions of oneself, of others, and of groups. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Spiritual Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence with Happiness and Stress Tolerance. The sample consisted of 270 students that were selected through random sampling from University of Medical Sciences in Alborz Province. Participants completed the oxford happiness questionnaire, Spiritual Intelligence Scale, scaling of life events, Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire. In this study Happiness and Stress Tolerance have been considered as criterion variables as well as four factors Emotional Intelligence (self-awareness, self-management, relationship management, social awareness) and spiritual Intelligence have been considered as predictor variables. Finally, we used Pearson correlation test, and Univariate and multivariate linear regression test for Analysis of data. It should be noted that the number of incomplete questionnaire were 21 from 270 that were left out and data related to the remaining 249 participants (118 girls, 131 boys) were used in the Analysis. The result showed that there were a positive meaningful relationship between Emotional Intelligence (selfawareness, self-management, relationship management, social awareness) and Spiritual Intelligence with happiness and stress tolerance. The result of regression analysis also revealed that four factor Emotional Intelligence (self-awareness, self-management, relationship management, social awareness) and spiritual Intelligence were the best predictors of Happiness and Stress Tolerance. Theoretical literature and researches studying have displayed that Spiritual Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence are relevant to many variables in mental health and psychological wellbeing. consistent with theories and previous findings present study showed that all dimension of the Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence were significantly related to Happiness and Stress Tolerance among the students.
Promoting Conceptual Change with Science Texts and Discussion.

If you had difficulty answering these questions, you are in good company. Researchers have asked questions like these of students in elementary school (Maria, 1987), high school (Alvermann & Hynd, 1989b), and college (Alvermann & Hynd, 1989a). Over 90% of students, many of whom have taken physics courses, have misconceptions about the motion of objects. Students' answers often resemble pre-Newtonian