Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Operation-oriented reliability and availability evaluation for onboard high-speed train control system with dynamic Bayesian network

The reliability and availability of the onboard high-speed train control system are important to guarantee operational efficiency and railway safety. Failures occurring in the onboard system may result in serious accidents. In the analysis of the effects of failure, it is significant to consider the operation of an onboard system. This article presents a systemic approach to evaluate the reliability and availability for the onboard system based on dynamic Bayesian network, with taking into account dynamic failure behaviors, imperfect coverage factors, and temporal effects in the operational phase. The case studies are presented and compared for onboard systems with different redundant strategies, that is, the triple modular redundancy, hot spare double dual, and cold spare double dual. Dynamic fault trees of the three kinds of onboard system are constructed and mapped into dynamic Bayesian networks. The forward and backward inferences are conducted not only to evaluate the reliability and availability but also to recognize the vulnerabilities of the onboard systems. A sensitivity analysis is carried out for evaluating the effects of failure rates subject to uncertainties. To improve the reliability and availability, the recovery mechanism should be paid more attention. Finally, the proposed approach is validated with the field data from one railway bureau in China and some industrial impacts are provided.
A social network of collaborating industrial assets

The IoT (Internet of Things) concept is being widely regarded as the fundamental tool of the next industrial revolution – Industry 4.0. As the value of data generated in social networks has been increasingly recognised, social media and the IoT have been integrated in areas such as product-design, traffic routing, etc. However, the potential of this integration in improving system-level performance in industrial environments has rarely been explored. This paper discusses the feasibility of improving system-level performance in industrial systems by integrating social networks into the IoT concept. We propose the concept of a social internet of industrial assets (SIoIA) which enables the collaboration between assets by sharing status data. We also identify the building blocks of SIoIA and characteristics of one of its important components – social assets. A sketch of the general architecture needed to enable a social network of collaborating industrial assets is proposed and two illustrative application examples are given.
Vibrational and thermoelastic behavior of punched-beam micro resonators containing odd-number of slots

Thermoelastic quality factor is an important mechanism for determining quality factor of a microelectromechanical system resonator, which works in near vacuum, and the resonant frequency is an important characteristic of a resonator. This paper studies variations of the thermoelastic quality factor and the resonant frequency of three- and five-slotted clamped-clamped beam microelectromechanical system resonators. The study has been done by using three-dimensional simulations based on finite element method by COMSOL Multiphysics. Resonant frequency is a function of stiffness and mass of the beam, therefore punching slots in the beam changes the resonant frequency. In addition, slots usually decrease the amount of coupling between mechanical resonant mode and thermal modes, thus improve the thermoelastic quality factor. The C–C beam lengths are considered to be 30.5 µm, 100 µm, and 400 µm. The results show the resonant frequency and corresponding thermoelastic quality factor of the three-slotted beams are greater than five-slotted beams, and a maximum resonant frequency of the three-slotted beams is achieved when the length of inner slot is about 32%–36% of the beam length.
Detecting Rumors in Twitter for Humanitarian Activities

In this Master Thesis project, the objective is to study how can Supervised Machine Learning be used to detect text-based rumours for humanitarian activities in Twitter. A model was developed in this project in order to classify a tweet at question whether is a rumour or not and whether is relevant to humanitarian activities or not. The findings of this research were promising as the classification modules developed were able to score 75.8% in Recall classifying tweets to rumours and non-rumours and 96.6% in Recall classifying tweets to relevant to humanitarian activities and not relevant.
Thin empirics

In the Target Article Relative Plausibility and Its Critics, Ron Allen and Michael Pardo set out to make the empirical claim that Relative Plausibility provides the best account of juridical proof. While I tend to agree with this conclusion, the article suffers from notable weaknesses. Allen and Pardo do not define a unit of analysis, they offer no testable hypotheses, and they present no data–all of which render the empirical claim befuddling. The empirical claim cannot be salvaged by the recruitment of the Story Model. For all its brilliance, the Story Model provides too narrow a foundation to sustain a general model of legal fact-finding. Allen and Pardo’s reliance on holistic processing stands on sounder scientific grounds, but the casual referencing cannot amount to empirical proof. More importantly, Allen and Pardo refrain from reckoning with the implications of holism, and thus ignore both the promise and perils of the cognitive process they espouse. The experimental paradigm of Coherence Based Reasoning reveals a number of such implications. Notably, holism cannot deliver the objectivity and accuracy that Allen and Pardo seem to ascribe to it. Moreover, holistic processing entails a distortion of the evidence, which could lead to dismissing evidence that would otherwise raise a valid doubt, and inflate a hesitant fact-finder’s confidence up to a firm conviction in the defendant’s guilt. Holism also entails vast interconnectivity among the evidence items, which can trigger non-normative inferences and enable extra-evidential information to alter the fact-finder’s perception of correctly-admitted evidence.
Terrain-blind walking of planar underactuated bipeds via velocity decomposition-enhanced control

In this article, we develop and assess a novel approach for the control of underactuated planar bipeds that is based on velocity decomposition. The new controller employs heuristic rules that mimic the functionality of transverse linearization feedback control and that can be layered on top of a conventional hybrid zero dynamics (HZD)-based controller. The heuristics sought to retain HZD-based control’s simplicity and enhance disturbance rejection for practical implementation on realistic biped robots. The proposed control strategy implements a feedback on the time rate of change of the decomposed uncontrolled velocity and is compared with conventional HZD-based control and transverse linearization feedback control for both vanishing and non-vanishing disturbances. Simulation studies with a point-foot, three-link biped show that the proposed method has nearly identical performance to transverse linearization feedback control and outperforms conventional HZD-based control. For the non-vanishing case, the velocity decomposition-enhanced controller outperforms HZD-based control, but takes fewer steps on average before failure than transverse linearization feedback control when walking on uneven terrain without visual perception of the ground. The findings were validated experimentally on a planar, five-link biped robot for eight different uneven terrains. The velocity decomposition-enhanced controller outperformed HZD-based control while maintaining a relatively low specific energetic cost of transport (~0.45). The biped robot “blindly” traversed uneven terrains with changes in terrain height accumulating to 5% of its leg length using the stand-alone low-level controller.
Empowering the urban medicinal garden through descriptions and benefits of medicinal plants

Widyawati AT, Rizal M. 2015. Empowering the urban medicinal garden through descriptions and benefits of medicinal plants. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1: 1890-1895. Karangkitri garden or herb garden is actually a forerunner of what is known today that the family of drugs plant. Medicinal plant can be used as traditional medicine, from mild illness to a degenerative disease or as an addition to fitness, but is still very necessary dissemination on the utilization of medicinal plants for traditional medicine (herbal) as well as knowledge of dose, harvesting time, method of use and the selection of correct raw materials as traditional medicine, not much is known widely in urban communities. Various types of traditional medicinal plants which are grown in home garden of urban communities and can be recommended as a familyâ€™s medicinal plant as it has efficacy among others Curcuma domestica L. , Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb, Kaempferia galanga L. , Zingiber officinale Rosc, Languas girder (L) Stuntz. , Syzigium polyanthum Walp, Morindra citrifolia, Orthosiphon aristatus, Gynura procumbent, Ixora sp, Jasmium sambac, Carica papaya, Calanchu pinnata, Psidium guajava, Averrhoa carambola, Piper betle, Momordica charantia, Citrus aurantum, Sauropus androggynus, Curcuma longa, Aloe sp, Imperata cylindrica, Averrhoa bilimbi, Curcuma heyneana, Ipomoea batatas and Plucea indica.
Magnetostratigraphy of the Campanian/Maastrichtian boundary succession from the Middle Vistula River section, Central Poland

The magnetic polarities of the upper Upper Campanian–Lower Maastrichtian interval of the Middle Vistula River composite section (central Poland), were studied. Sixty-six hand-oriented samples for palaeomagnetic studies were taken from the sections of Raj, Raj North, Podole, Kludzie and Dziurkow. The inter-correlation between them is based primarily on bio-events. The sampled rocks generally revealed a very weak magnetic signal, however quite reliable results were obtained. The whole interval studied, well constrained biostratigraphically, is referred to magnetostratigraphic chron C32n. The Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary, placed biostratigraphically in the upper part of the ‘Inoceramus’ redbirdensis inoceramid Zone, is located near the top of the C32n2n Subchron. Thin reversed polarity intervals in the rocks correlated with the C32n2n chron most probably result from their partial remagnetization (maghemitization).
Affection analysis of coal mining drainage for regional water resources: taking coal mining area of upper reaches of Yangwu river valley as example

The large-scale coal mining actions make great impact on water resources.The pollution and quantity decrease of water resources resulting from coal mining are analyzed in the paper,taking coal mining area of upper reaches of Yangwu river valley,Shanxi,as an example.The non-treatment mining groundwater is directly drained to surface,which pollutes river water,Quaternary unconfined groundwater and confined groundwater.Decrease of regional and usable water resources quantity are visible.Changes of water resources quantity for two different coal mining periods are contrasted.It is put forward that main reason of water resources quantity decrease resulting from coal mining is change of relationship among surface water,groundwater and precipitation.Decrease of usable water quantity are caused by groundwater flow field change,drainage modulus greater than flow modulus,destroy of aquiclude,water inrush of coal seam bottom and water resources pollution etc.
Role of teachers in decision-making process in secondary schools: a case of Gucha District, Nyanza Province-Kenya

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study . 1.2 Statement of the problem " ". " 1.3 The purpose of the study . 1.4 Objectives of the study . 1.5 Research questions " . 1.6 Basic assumptions . 1.7 Significance of the study . 1.8 Scope and limitation of the study " ". 1.9 Theoretical framework . 1.10 Conceptual Framework . : . 11 Operational definitions . CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.
Enhanced face detection framework based on skin color and false alarm rejection

Fast and precise face detection is a challenging task in computer vision. Human face detection plays an essential role in the first stage of face processing applications such as recognition tracking, and image database management. In the applications, face objects often come from an inconsequential part of images that contain variations namely different illumination, pose, and occlusion. These variations can decrease face detection rate noticeably. Besides that, detection time is an important factor, especially in real time systems. Most existing face detection approaches are not accurate as they have not been able to resolve unstructured images due to large appearance variations and can only detect human face under one particular variation. Existing frameworks of face detection need enhancement to detect human face under the stated variations to improve detection rate and reduce detection time. In this study, an enhanced face detection framework was proposed to improve detection rate based on skin color and provide a validity process. A preliminary segmentation of input images based on skin color can significantly reduce search space and accelerate the procedure of human face detection. The main detection process is based on Haar-like features and Adaboost algorithm. A validity process is introduced to reject non-face objects, which may be selected during a face detection process. The validity process is based on a two-stage Extended Local Binary Patterns. Experimental results on CMU-MIT and Caltech 10000 datasets over a wide range of facial variations in different colors, positions, scales, and lighting conditions indicated a successful face detection rate. As a conclusion, the proposed enhanced face detection framework in color images with the presence of varying lighting conditions and under different poses has resulted in high detection rate and reducing overall detection time.
Quality appraisal of documents producing recommendations for breast, colorectal and cervical cancer screening

Background: Breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening are evidence-based interventions recommended by most governmental agencies and scientific societies. The aim of this review is to assess the quality of guidelines on screening and to describe differences according to the context in which they were produced. Methods: A literature search of the main databases, websites on health care, and guidelines, as well as the websites of several scientific societies was carried out in order to identify the most recent guidelines (since 2000) on cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer screening. Only documents written in Italian or English were included. Two investigators independently assessed quality by using the AGREE (Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation in Europe) instrument. Results: Thirty-three, 32, and 18 relevant documents for cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer, respectively, were identified. Only some documents (19, 12 and 13 for cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer, respectively) could be evaluated with AGREE. Items included in the domain “scope and purpose” obtained the highest scores, followed by “clarity of presentation” domain, while “applicability”, “patient involvement,” and “conflict of interest disclosure” domains obtained the lowest scores. The quality did not improve in more recent documents. Documents produced by governmental agencies, on average, had higher scores than documents by scientific societies, particularly for “stakeholder involvement” and “applicability”. Conclusions: Documents from different countries and health systems differ in terms of the main recommendations given and in the quality of the documents. Those produced by governmental agencies have a more multidisciplinary authorship and pay more attention to applicability than do those produced by scientific societies.
Physicians' perceptions regarding body temperature in health and disease.

: Although body temperature has been monitored for more than a century as a means of distinguishing health from disease, physicians' perceptions of concepts of clinical thermometry are largely unknown. To characterize such perceptions, we did a descriptive analysis of responses to a survey questionnaire dealing with body temperature. Seventy-five percent of the 268 physicians and physicians-in-training surveyed offered 37 degrees C (98.6 degrees F) as their definition of "normal body temperature. " Only 10 (4%) specified a particular body site (eg, oral or rectal) of temperature measurements in their definition. Although 98% believed that body temperature normally varies during the day, there was not a consensus as to the magnitude of such variability. There was also considerable disagreement as to the specific temperatures defining the lower and upper limits of the febrile range. Subjects exhibited a clear preference for the Fahrenheit scale in their responses. Medical students differed significantly from graduate physicians in several of the areas examined.
The effects of infant feeding on speech quality.

In an effort to examine retrospectively the influence of bottle feeding compared with breast feeding a speech survey was carried out on 131 5- and 6-year-old European boys and girls from 2 schools in Putaruru New Zealand 1 state and the other parochial. Speech assessments were all made before information was gathered on the feeding regime in order to avoid any possibility of bias. Each child was interviewed alone for a period of 6-40 minutes. An assessment of his/her speech was made under the following headings: articulation; tonal quality; and fluency. Speech defects such as substitutions omissions and intrusions denasalization and positive nasalization were analyzed and recorded phonetically on each childs record form. Notes were also made regarding the effect of missing teeth or malocclusion auditory perception substandard speech and tonal quality-phonatory defects. There was a distinct relationship between breast feeding and clarity of speech in the male. Breast feeding was associated with improved tonal quality in both male and female children with a more marked improvement in the case of the male. Improved speech was associated with improved reading ability. The feeding regime was found to have no effect on a childs confidence. The dramatic effect of breast feeding on the development of speech and reading in boys as revealed in this study suggests that the natural breast feeding method accelerates the rate of maturation of the male infant.
Ecological function and restoration measures of oyster reef in estuaries.

In many temperate estuaries,oyster reef is a very special marine habitat which plays many important ecological functions such as purifying water body,providing aquatic animals’ habitat,protecting biodiversity,and coupling ecosystem energy flow. In last century,as the results of over-fishing,environmental pollution,disease,and habitat destruction,the oyster population in many temperate estuaries had a persistent decrease,which led to the destruction of estuarine ecosystem and the serious eutrophication in estuaries. To restore estuarine ecosystem,purify water quality,and promote sustainable fisheries,a series of oyster reef restoration activities were developed in many estuaries in the past two decades. Especially in the eastern coast and Mexico gulf of USA,lots of artificial oyster reefs were built,and many studies revealed that the established artificial oyster reefs could restore the ecological function of natural habitat after 2-3 years. This paper introduced the first oyster releasing and breeding engineering in China,i.e.,the oyster reef in the southern and northern dams of Yangtze River estuary. The recent two years monitoring results showed that the oyster population on the oyster reef increased promptly,and the ecosystem was being restored gradually. There are many scientific issues needed be studied in the future,including the basic biology (diseases and molecular systematic evolution),key techniques,scientific procedure,and success criteria of oyster reef restoration.
Numerical Simulations of Climate Change under IPCC A1B Scenario in Southwestern China

Climate change over southwestern China is simulated by a regional climate model(RegCM3),using the output from a global coupled atmosphere-ocean model(ECHAM5/MPI-OM) as lateral and surface boundary conditions.Two sets of 15 years of simulations at 20-km gird resolution for present days(1986-2000) and future(2011-2025,under IPCC_A1B scenario) are conducted to analyze the effects of surface air temperature and precipitation on the drought as a focal area.Results show that RegCM3 can reproduce well the spatial distribution of surface air temperature and precipitation in southwestern China compared with the observed data of 32 meteorological stations and grid data of CRU,and simulated annual and summer precipitation is much higher than winter precipitation.The simulated precipitation in winter is higher than observed values.During 2011-2025,there might be a remarkably warming either annually or in other seasons.The temperature change in the northern region is bigger than that in the southern region.The maximum and minimum temperature changes in winter are bigger than those in summer.Annually,precipitation increase is consistent with that in autumn and winter,while precipitation increase is significant in winter.Precipitation decrease in spring and summer is not significant.Temperature increase and precipitation decrease in spring and summer might induce high temperature and droughts to parts of the region,while precipitation increase in winter might increase the risk of local flood disasters.
Sativex for the management of multiple sclerosis symptoms.

: Sativex (R) is a cannabis-based pharmaceutical product containing delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) in a 1:1 ratio, delivered in an oromucosal (mouth) spray. It has been approved as adjunctive treatment for neuropathic pain in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). It is being investigated for the management of other MS symptoms, such as spasticity. THC:CBD spray is regulated as a narcotic. Five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) compared the benefits and harms of THC:CBD spray with placebo. A total of 368 patients with various neurological conditions (including MS) were recruited. In some trials, THC:CBD spray significantly reduced neuropathic pain, spasticity, muscle spasms and sleep disturbances. The most common adverse events (AEs) reported in trials were dizziness, sleepiness, fatigue, feeling of intoxication and a bad taste. Long-term safety and the potential for dependence, abuse, misuse and diversion are unknown.
Discussion on Nomenclature of the Karst Desertification Regions and Illustration for Their Environment Characteristics in Southwest China

Suitable climatic,geological and geomorphologic conditions for tropical karst landforms,such as cone and tower karst hills,are illustrated and the relationship of spatial distribution of cone and tower karst hills with those conditions in the karst areas of Southwest China.Aiming at the problem of scientific systems on the standing nomenclature of "karst desertification division",some modification suggestions for the nomenclature are putted forward: the karst areas in southwest China are divided into two regions: the cone and tower karst region and the non-cone and tower karst region.According to the karst morphology,the cone and tower karst region is further divided into three subregions: the Peak-Cluster Depression region of shallow dish type;the Peak-Cluster Depression region of funnel type;and the peak forest plain region.Those subregions are correspondent to the karst plateau region,the Peak-Cluster Depression region and the peak forest plain region,respectively.According to the regional landforms,the non-cone and tower karst region is further divided into five subregions: the plateau basin valley region;plateau gorge valley region;the plateau and mid-low mountain trough valley region;the high-mid plateau region;and the mid-low mountain region,respectively.