Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CONSPECIFIC SUPERPARASITISM IN TWO PARASITOID WASPS, APHIDIUS ERVI HALIDAY AND APHELINUS ASYCHIS WALKER: REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES INFLUENCE HOST DISCRIMINATION

Abstract Conspecific host discrimination and larval competition in two aphid parasitoid species were studied in the laboratory using the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera: Aphididae), as a host. Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) used internal host cues to discriminate between unparasitized and conspecific parasitized hosts. When only parasitized hosts were available, females oviposited into recently parasitized ones where their progeny had a good chance to survive, but rejected those parasitized ≥24 h earlier where their offspring normally died. Competitions occurred only after both eggs had hatched. Larvae eliminated supernumeraries by means of physical combat and physiological suppression. In Aphelinus asychis Walker (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), factors, or changes in host internal condition, associated with hatching of the first egg resulted in suppression of conspecific competitors which could be in either larval or egg stage. The older larvae always won competitions through physiological means. A wasp’s oviposition decision is shown to be influenced by the probability of its progeny’s survival. Species that have different reproductive strategies may respond differently to identical host conditions. Résumé La discrimination des hôtes par des individus de la même espèce et la compétition entre larves de deux parasitoïdes du puceron du pois ont été étudiées au laboratoire, en utilisant le puceron du pois, Acyrthosipon pisum (Harris) (Homoptère : Aphididae), comme hôte. Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptère : Aphidiidae) utilisait des indications internes pour distinguer les hôtes non parasités de ceux parasités par des guêpes de la même espèce. Lorsque les hôtes parasités étaient seul disponibles, les femelles déposaient leurs oeufs dans ceux qui étaient les plus récemment parasités dans lesquels leur progéniture avait une meilleure chance de survivre, mais rejetaient ceux parasités plus de 24 h plus tôt où la descendance mourait. La compétition avait lieu seulement après éclosion des oeufs. Les larves de l’espèce en plus grand nombre étaient éliminées par combat physique et suppression physiologique. Dans Aphelinus asychis Walker (Hymenoptère : Aphidiidae), les facteurs associés à l’éclosion du premier oeuf entrainaient la suppression des compétiteurs de la même espèce qui pouvaient être soit au stade larvaire, soit à l’état d’oeuf. Les larves les plus âgées gagnaient les compétitions toujours par des moyens physiologiques. Il a été montré que la décision d’une guêpe de déposer un oeuf est influencée par la probabilité de survie de la progéniture. Des espèces ayant différentes reproductives stratégies pourraient repondre differemment à d’identiques conditions d’hôtes.
Tree Shape Priors with Connectivity Constraints Using Convex Relaxation on General Graphs

In this work we propose a novel method to include a connectivity prior into image segmentation that is based on a binary labeling of a directed graph, in this case a geodesic shortest path tree. Specifically we make two contributions: First, we construct a geodesic shortest path tree with a distance measure that is related to the image data and the bending energy of each path in the tree. Second, we include a connectivity prior in our segmentation model, that allows to segment not only a single elongated structure, but instead a whole connected branching tree. Because both our segmentation model and the connectivity constraint are convex a global optimal solution can be found. To this end, we generalize a recent primal-dual algorithm for continuous convex optimization to an arbitrary graph structure. To validate our method we present results on data from medical imaging in angiography and retinal blood vessel segmentation.
Origin and evolution of petals in angiosperms

Background and aims – The term ‘petal’ is loosely applied to a variety of showy non-homologous structures, generally situated in the second whorl of a differentiated perianth. Petaloid organs are extremely diverse throughout angiosperms with repeated derivations of petals, either by differentiation of a perianth, or derived from staminodes. The field of evo-devo has prompted re-analysis of concepts of homology and analogy amongst petals. Here the progress and challenges in understanding the nature of petals are reviewed in light of an influx of new data from phylogenetics, morphology and molecular genetics. Method and results – The complex web of homology concepts and criteria is discussed in connection to the petals, and terminology is subsequently defined. The variation and evolution of the perianth is then reviewed for the major clades of angiosperms. From this pan-angiosperm variation, we highlight and discuss several recurrent themes that complicate our ability to discern the evolution of the petal. In particular we emphasise the importance of developmental constraint, environmental stimuli, interrelationship between organs and cyclic patterns of loss and secondary gain of organs, and the development of a hypanthium or corona. Conclusions – A flexible approach to understanding ‘petals’ is proposed requiring consideration of the origin of the floral organ (stamen-derived or tepal-derived, or other), the functional role (sepaloid or petaloid organs), evolutionary history of the organismal lineage, and consideration of developmental forces acting on the whole flower. The variety and complex evolutionary history of the perianth may necessitate the exploration of petal development within phylogenetically quite restricted groups, combining data from morphology with evo-devo.
Comparison of motor functions according to stroke type in hemiplegic patients with a specific level of disability

Aim: Stroke is basically classified as hemorrhagic and ischemic etiologically. Stroke type can be a factor influencing recovery and evidence is insufficient on this issue. Therefore, the purpose of study is to compare motor and functional recovery in terms of stroke type. Material and Methods: 20 patients with stroke between 30 and 65 years of age participated in the study voluntarily. The volunteers were grouped according to the stroke type as ischemic (n=10) or hemorrhagic (n=10). Disability levels of patients determined using Functional Independence Measure (FIM). The patients were compared with isokinetic knee strength, static-dynamic balance test, and 6-minutes walking test according to stroke type. Results: According to isokinetic strength test results, no statistically significant difference was found between groups in the parameters of hemiplegic side knee extension peak torque, knee flexion peak torque, values obtained in the flexion and extension phases of the average power, total work in the flexion phase and extension phase of the movement and hamstring/quadriceps (H/Q) muscle groups strength ratio (p>0.05). According to the data of balance test and 6-minute walk test, no statistically significant difference was found between groups in the parameters of balance indexes and test completion time and 6 minute-long walk distance (p>0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that a stroke’s being ischemic or hemorrhagic did not create a difference in the recovery of motor function such as strength, balance, and walking. The fact that there are contradictory results and that there is no consensus shows that more studies are required in literature. Keywords: Hemiplegia; Stroke type; Motor function; Disability.
HISTOLOGIC EVALUATION OF TISSUE REPAIR POST-PARTIAL PALECTOMY EQUINE

Objective To evaluate the tissue repair posterior to realization of technical partial paladin, as treatment of palatitis in equine. Materials and methods. Materials and methods. Materials and methods. Materials and methods. Materials and methods. 12 horses were used, divided aleatorily in two groups, both with six animals, to those of first group were practiced partial paladin with saturation and to those of the second group, partial paladin were practiced and then cauterization. The groups CASO CLINICO-QUIRURGICO
Identification of Staphylococcus aureus, S. intermedius and S. hyicus by PCR amplification of coa and nuc genes

Sixty-five strains of coagulase positive staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus, S. intermedius and S. hyicus) were identified at species level by PCR amplification of the coa gene, specific for S. aureus, and of the nuc gene, specific for S. intermedius and for S. hyicus.
Carcass composition of jungle fowl in comparison with broilers and indigenous chicken.

Carcass composition of three breed of chicken was compared: jungle fowl, broiler and Malaysian indigenous chicken. The chickens were sacrificed and were divided into forequarter and hindquarter. The forequarter was further divide into breast, wing and ribs. The muscle, bone, fat and skin of all different portions were separated, weighed and recorded. The results showed that broilers have significantly higher muscle weight compared to indigenous chicken and jungle fowl. The jungle fowl has significantly higher bone weight with least fat compared to the other two breeds The carcass composition of indigenous chicken is always in between the broiler and jungle fowl. Present results show that different habitat and feeding pattern of these chickens do contribute to these changes.
Design of novel carbamate acetylcholinesterase inhibitors based on the multiple binding sites of acetylcholinesterase

This work describes the design, synthesis, AChE inhibitory activity, and structure-activity relationship of compounds related to a recently discovered series of AChE inhibitors: phthalimide alkyloxyphenyl N-methylcarbamates. The influence of structural variations on inhibitory potency was carefully investigated by modifying different alkyloxy chain lengths and positions between phthalimide and phenyl N-methylcarbamate. The biological properties of the series were investigated in some detail by considering their activity on isolated enzymes. All of the newly synthesized derivatives, when tested on isolated AChE from the brain of the housefly (Musca domestica), were more active than phenyl N-methylcarbamate. In particular, compound I1 displayed the best AChE inhibition (352-fold higher than phenyl N-methylcarbamate, and 29-fold higher than metolcarb), which suggested that the phthalimide group of I1 bound strongly to the residues lining the gorge, and phenyl N-methylcarbamate bound at the catalytic sites.
Epidemiology of enteritis in broiler chickens in the state of Haryana and its association with different meteorological parameters.

Enteritis in poultry is a major syndrome caused by different infections and etiology. The present work was carried out to study the epidemiology of enteritis in broiler chickens during the period from April 2008 to March 2010. During this period, a total of 481 cases of enteritis were recorded in broiler chickens. Though the disease was recorded consistently, the number of cases was more in rainy and winter seasons. The highest percent prevalence of enteritis was in rainy and winter seasons and was significantly positively correlated with mean relative humidity. Maximum cases of enteritis 146 (30.35%) were recorded in broiler birds of 29-35 days of age. The enteritis cases were found to be associated with coccidiosis which indicates that coccidiosis is a significant predisposing factor for enteritis. Enteritis is a major syndrome in poultry with diverse causes and is routinely found associated with different infections. Clostridium perfringens is the main causative agent of necrotic enteritis (NE) which is a financially devastating disease. Main characteristic feature is fibronecrotic enteritis mainly of the mid small intestine. Subclinical form is the most important manifestation which goes undetected and hence untreated (Kaldhusdal and Hofshagen, 1992). C. perfingens is a spore forming, anaerobic, rod shaped, encapsulated and non-motile organism. This organism is readily found in water, soil, sediment and also as a normal inhabitant of the intestinal tract of healthy poultry birds and humans. Petit et al. (1999) divided C. perfringens into 5 toxinotypes based on production of four major toxins, alpha, beta, epsilon and iota. Type A is considered to be the main causative factor for NE in poultry. The present work was undertaken to study the epidemiological factors associated with enteritis in broiler chickens in parts of Haryana.
Revue bibliographique : Variations quantitatives et métabolisme des lipides dans les tissus adipeux et le foie au cours du cycle gestation-lactation 2e partie : chez la brebis et la vache

This comprehensive review describes changes in body lipids, energy balance and metabolic pathways and endocrine regulations in the adipose tissues and liver of ewes and cows during pregnancy and lactation. These profiles are discussed in relation to litter size, food intake and diet composition. The interactions between teleophoretic mechanisms (that direct nutrients to the gravid uterus or to the mammary gland) and homeostatic mechanisms (that ensure maintenance of the mother organism) have been emphasized.
Effectiveness of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in the Treatment of Temporomandibular Disorders - A Clinical Study

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation in the symptomatic relief of pain in temporomandibular disorders. Materials & Methods: Twenty patients received TENS therapy and VAS was used to measure changes in pain during and after therapy. Also changes in mouth opening were recorded and analyzed. Results: A significant improvement was observed regarding orofacial pain, muscles and TMJs tenderness and interincisal distance. Conclusion: Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation is superior in complete elimination of pain as well as in reduction of severity in temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome.
Galerkin-Vlasov Variational Method for the Elastic Buckling Analysis of SSCF and SSSS Rectangular Plates

This paper presents the Galerkin-Vlasov variational method for the elastic buckling analysis of SSCF and SSSS rectangular plates. The thin plate problems studied are: (i) simply supported along two opposite sides x = 0, and x = a, clamped along the third side y = 0, and free along the fourth side y = b; (ii) simply supported along the four sides x = 0, x = a, y = 0 and y = b. In each case the edges x = 0 and x = a are subjected to uniform compressive load. Mathematically, the considered stability problem is a Boundary Value Problem (BVP) expressed by a domain fourth order partial differential equation (PDE) whose general solution should satisfy all the boundary conditions determined by the edge support conditions. By the GalerkinVlasov method, the unknown deflection shape function is chosen as the product of the eigenfunctions of a vibrating thin beam of identical span in the x direction and an unknown function of y(Gn(y)). The Galerkin-Vlasov variational integral equation is simplified using the Leibnitz rule, integration by parts and the orthogonality properties of the eigenfunctions of simply supported thin beams to a system of fourth order ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The general solution of the system of ODEs is obtained using trial function methods in terms of hyperbolic and trigonometric functions. The imposition of boundary conditions is used in each of the two cases to find the characteristic buckling equation. The buckling equation is obtained in each case as a transcendental equation, which is solved to obtain the eigenvalues from which the buckling loads are determined. The results obtained in each case for the buckling equation are identical to previous results obtained by other scholars who used classical methods and energy minimization methods. The results obtained for the buckling loads are in agreement with previously obtained solutions in the literature. The results obtained in each presented case in this study are found to be exact because exact shape functions were used in the x direction and the general solution was obtained for the domain PDE at every point in the plate domain. In addition, the solution obtained was made to satisfy all the boundary conditions at all the edges of the plate.
The psychology of digital media at work

Derks & Bakker, The psychology of digital media @ work: Introduction. PART 1: ONLINE COMMUNICATION AND COLLABORATION Rennecker & Derks, Email overload: Fine-tuning the research lens. Rennecker & Derks, Online Social Network in the Work Context. Jarvenpaa & Hedlund, Mobilizing Knowledge Collaboration: Today's reality vs. Future possibility. Krumm & Hertel Knowledge, Skills, Abilities and Other Characteristics (KSAO's) for virtual teamwork. PART 2: GAMING AND ONLINE TESTS Xanthopoulou & Papagiannidis Games-Work Interaction: The beneficial impact of computer games on work behaviors. Korteling, Helsdingen & Theunissen Serious gaming @ work: Learning job-related competencies using serious gaming. van der Klink, Drachsler & Sloep Technology-enhanced learning in the workplace. Oostrom, Born & van der Molen Webcam tests in personnel selection.
Rapid immuno‐monitoring of inoculant plant growth‐promoting microorganisms

Rapid, specific techniques are essential to monitor the quality of inoculant plant growth‐promoting strains at all stages of manufacture from starter culture to the final product in its carrier medium. In this study, colony immunoblotting was evaluated for the specific detection and enumeration of Citrobacter freundii, one component of a Vietnamese commercial inoculant plant growth‐promoting product used to improve the yield and nutrient efficiency of paddy rice. For quality control of either sterilised or unsterilised carrier media in commercial products colony immunoblotting proved to be a promising tool. Furthermore, it was possible using this technique to measure the survival of this strain in soil and the rhizosphere.
Parameterizing plankton functional type models: insights from a dynamical systems perspective

The spectre of anthropogenic global climate change has focused attention on biogeochemical cycling in the oceans as marine plankton ecosystems are involved in the cycling of several compounds thought to have significant implications for climate. To better understand these processes, modellers are developing plankton functional type (PFT) models that group plankton according to their biogeochemical properties. There is some debate as to whether our understanding of plankton ecosystems is sufficiently well developed for PFT models to be reliable and for their predictions to be treated with confidence. In this paper, we examine the dynamical properties of a generic predator-prey-prey PFT model, then apply these analysis techniques to a simple example PFT model with two phytoplankton and one zooplankton in order to explore its parameter space. We find that parameter combinations for which all PFTs stay extant for all time appear rare, but develop a simple heuristic that allows such parameter sets to be identified relatively easily for many PFT models. We observe that such systems often have phytoplankton with similar growth rates, but that differ in other properties such as differing nutrient utilisation strategies or different susceptibilities to grazing. We also note that persistent PFT systems are more likely if neither phytoplankton have a low specific mortality rate or is a highly nutritious food for the grazer.
Natural Hybridization as an Evolutionary Process

Studies of natural hybridization have generally addressed evolutionary questions using one of the three following frameworks: (i) taxonomy or systematics (57, 59, 73, 79, 111, 172); (ii) mechanisms of reproductive isolation and speciation (21, 23, 24, 26, 32, 34, 47, 56, 60, 82, 91, 110, 132, 134, 136, 141, 143, 157, 158, 167, 169, 173); or (iii) natural hybridization as a fundamental evolutionary process that produces consequences that are significant in their own right (1-4, 6, 31, 62, 77, 90, 100, 116, 122, 128, 130, 162, 166, 174). This review emphasizes the conceptual and empirical basis for the last of these contexts. The evolutionary significance of natural hybridization is thus addressed through two general questions: "To what extent has this process been involved in the evolutionary history of plant and animal species? " and "How does the fitness of hybrid individuals compare with that of the parental taxa? " Natural hybridization and introgression (the transfer of genetic material between the hybridizing taxa through backcrossing; 2, 3) have been ascribed varying levels of importance with regard to the genetic makeup of species and the evolutionary history of species complexes (2, 4, 6, 24, 61, 62, 72, 86, 89, 90, 97, 100, 116, 122, 124, 136, 156, 170, 172). In the extreme, introgression may lead to either the merging of the hybridizing forms (61, 178) or the reinforcement of reproductive barriers through selection for assortative (conspecific) mating (45, 76; but see 37, 136). Another potential consequence is the production of more or less fit introgressed genotypes (107; 87), allowing the expansion of the introgressed form into a novel habitat (89; but see 33, 55). Hybrid individuals may also act as a "hybrid sink" to which pest species are preferentially attracted, thus limiting the ability of pest species
3D-Printed Interaction: Digital Fabrication of Touch, Deformation, and Environmental Sensing

The progressing digitalization increases the demand for interactive devices that bridge the physical and digital world. While there is great potential for customized interactive devices tailored to specific applications or users, until recently, integrating interactivity in custom devices required pre-defined components (e.g., rectangular buttons or flat touchscreens) that constrains the shape of the device. A more flexible alternative has opened up with the advent of 3D printing which empowers companies, developers, and end users to design and fabricate custom-shaped individual objects on demand with relatively low effort. Even though recognized as revolutionizing the manufacturing process, the 3D printing of custom-made interactive devices still requires novel sensor concepts, that operate on complex geometries, and significant design or assembly effort. This thesis concerns the 3D printing of interactive input devices that respond to a variety of external stimuli and are printed in a single pass without requiring significant assembly steps. It consists of the following five major contributions: The first contribution is a fabrication pipeline to design and 3D print custom-shaped touch sensors on complex 3D objects. Then, the second contribution extends the first pipeline to detect hovering, touching, or pressing of a finger on a 3D-printed object. The third contribution continues to explore deformation-aware 3D-printed objects that detect pressure, squeeze, and bending in combination with a capacitive touchscreen. The fourth contribution adds liquid to 3D-printed objects to detect tilting and motion interactions. Based on these liquid-filled objects, the fifth contribution is an alternative sensing approach that does not require powered electronics during the interaction. Instead, each sensor concept memorizes the effect of a pre-defined external stimulus by changes in its internal structure. These changes can be read-out at a later time through a capacitive touchscreen. A series of evaluations and applications show the feasibility and broad applicability of all contributions for 3D printing of custom-made interactive devices.