Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Covariation between intraspecific genetic diversity and species diversity within a plant functional group

1 Species diversity and genetic diversity are fundamental components of biodiversity. A primary goal of biodiversity studies is to explain the distribution of species and alleles in space and time. A new challenge is to cross discipline boundaries and explore the relationship between these two scales of diversity. 2 In the biodiverse northern sandplain shrublands of south‐western Australia, the woody shrub Banksia attenuata occurs on patchily distributed sand dunes, and coexists with B. hookeriana, B. menziesii, and two small tree species, Eucalyptus todtiana and Xylomelum angustifolium, which together comprise a plant functional group of large shrubs/small trees. 3 Genetic variation (alleles per locus and heterozygosity) between 736 B. attenuata individuals on 27 discrete dunes was assessed using 11 polymorphic microsatellite markers. For each dune, the physical properties of area and height, and species diversity (richness and evenness) of the functional group, were measured. 4 Synthesis. Genetic diversity of B. attenuata covaried positively with species diversity, which in turn covaried strongly with dune height rather than dune area. The positive relationship between species and genetic diversity demonstrated here supports the theory of common environmental, rather than neutral, processes acting directly or indirectly on both scales of diversity, and suggests the possibility of predicting one component of diversity on the basis of the other.
Contribución a la comprensión de la microcirculación periférica y a su regulación a través de los componentes oscilatórios de flujo medido por láser doppler

The skin is a recognized model to study normal and abnormal microcirculation, and the progressive development of non-invasive technologies, such as the laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and transcutaneous (tc) gasimetry reinforced that view. However, these technologies record oscillatory phenomena, complex in nature and difficult to interpret, which limits the in vivo utility of this information. The present study was designed to deepen our knowledge on these matters through the question ? how do LDF oscillatory components contribute to the regulation of microcirculatory function? To answer this question the following objectives were established: (i) to develop methodologies that will allow to obtain functional microcirculatory parameters in vivo in healthy patients of different ages, and to characterize eventual changes related to ageing; (ii) to find the best calculation tools to refine the LDF signal analysis; (iii) to develop an animal model that allows us to test the best instruments developed, looking deeper, if possible, to the related phenomena; For the first objective two groups of healthy volunteers were studied ? one group of 35 healthy volunteers (22.1 ± 3.7 y.o.), and one other group of 30 volunteers, also healthy but older (50.8 ± 7.6 y.o.). In both groups the LDF signal was recorded following the application of three experimental protocols ? passive leg raising (PLR), suprasystolic occlusion at the ankle level (SAO), and 100% oxygen breathing (OB). For the second objective three analytical tools were applied ? the wavelet transform (WT), the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), and the multiscale entropy analysis (MSE). For the third objective, one group of 16 C57BL/6 mice was used (mean age 17 weeks old), submitted to a 100% oxygen breathing while anesthetized, and another group of 9 mice, 16 weeks old, submitted to an unilateral hindlimb ischemia, breathing 100% oxygen before and after procedure.
Development of value added ostrich (Struthio Camelus) meat products

29 INTRODUCTION 30 MATERIALS AND METHODS 31 Emulsified sausage manufacture 31 Chemical analyses 33 Physical analyses 33 Fatty acid composition analysis 34 Sensory analyses 35 Statistical analysis 35 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 36 Descriptive characteristics 36 Chemical composition 38 Total Meat Equivalent (TME) 38
Wound Healing Activity of Brown Algae plus Polyherbal Extract in Normal and Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats

The aim of the present study was to assess the wound healing efficacy of the experimental medicinal extract mixture (EMEM) composed of brown algae, Cystoseira trinodis, plus three medicinal plants (garlic, liquorice and ginger). The extract was applied on induced excised wounds in rats, either healthy or induced hyperglycemia by alloxan. Healing activity was evaluated for up to 21 days after wounding in terms of decrease in surface area of wound, percentage of wound closure and tissue regeneration using digital planimetry analysis and histopathological examination. The study revealed that topical application of the extract improved and enhanced the healing process in diabetic rat model when compared with diabetic non-treated rats. The extract promoted wound contraction, reduced the wound closure time and induced proliferation of fibroblast as well as angiogenesis and re-epithelialization.
The impacts of chemical discharges on the reproductive biology of the bullhead Cottus gobio and the dipper Cinclus cinclus in the Tamar catchment

iii Acknowledgements . vii Disclaimer . viii List of Figures . xv List of plates. xviii List of tables. xviii List of abbreviations . xx Latin names of species . xxiii CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL INTRODUCTION . 27 1.1 Endocrine disruption . 27 1.2. The endocrine system . 29 1.2.1. Vitellogenesis . 32 1.3. The oestrogen receptor (ER) . 33 1.4. Mechanisms of endocrine disruption . 33 1.5. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) . 35 1.5. 1. Natural steroid oestrogens . 37 1.5. 2. Synthetic oestrogens . 39 1.5. 3. Natural and synthetic steroid androgens . 41 1.5. 4. Synthetic anti-androgens . 43 1.5. 5. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) . 44 1.5. 6. Polybrominated flame retardants (PBDEs) . 46 1.5. 7. Organochlorine pesticides and fungicides . 49 1.6. Endocrine activity of WwTWs effluents . 50 1.6. 1. Factors affecting endocrine activity of WwTWs effluents . 52 1.7. Endocrine disruption in wildlife . 53 1.7. 1. Fish. 53 1.7. 2. Birds . 56 1.7. 3. Macroinvertebrates . 58 1.8. Animals chosen for study . 60 1.8. 1. The bullhead Cottus gobio L. 60 1.8. 1.1. Bullheads and endocrine disruption . 63 1.8. 2. The dipper Cinclus cinclus . 64 1.8. 2.1. Dippers and endocrine disruption . 69 1.9. The Tamar catchment – the study area . 70 1.10. Thesis aims . 73 CHAPTER TWO: ENDOCRINE ACTIVITY IN FIVE TRIBUTARIES OF THE RIVER TAMAR . 77 2.
Evaluating the efficacy of a topical anaesthetic formulation and ketoprofen, alone and in combination, on the pain sensitivity of dehorning wounds in Holstein-Friesian calves

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a topically applied local anaesthetic and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ketoprofen, alone and in combination, on the pain sensitivity response of calves to dehorning (mean age 2.2 months). Calves were randomly allocated and blocked by age to one of four groups. Groups were: scoop dehorning (D, n = 8), scoop dehorning + i.m. administration of 3 mg/kg ketoprofen (DK, n = 8), scoop dehorning + application of topical anaesthetic (DTA, n = 7) and scoop dehorning + application of topical anaesthetic and i.m. administration of ketoprofen (DKTA, n = 7). A pressure algometer was used to determine the mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT), being the pressure (kg/f) at which calves withdrew from the stimulus. Measurements were taken before dehorning and at 1 min, 1, 2, 5 and 24 h post-dehorning at both the cut skin edge of the wound and the peri-wound area. The effect of treatment changed over time (P < 0.001). MNT was highest before treatment (MNT = 5.03 kg/f) and tended to decrease over time (MNT = 1.16 kg/f 24 h post-treatment). Overall, D calves exhibited the lowest MNT with an average of 1.77 kg/f. DTA calves had the highest MNT (3.89 kg/f), followed closely by DKTA calves (3.24 kg/f). DK calves exhibited an intermediate MNT of 2.61 kg/f. MNT of the cut skin edge was generally lower than that of the peri-wound area(2.01vs3.81kg/f,respectively,P=0.02). Thetopical anaesthetic formulationsignificantlyreduced thepain sensitivity of dehorning wounds. There was no observed enhanced analgesic effect with addition of ketoprofen. The cut skin edge was more sensitive to pressure than the peri-wound area.
[18O]‐Peroxides: Synthesis and Biological Applications

The peroxidation reactions of the main cellular targets including nucleic acids, proteins and unsaturated lipids have received major attention during the last two decades. This was particularly the case for the hydroperoxides generated by 1O2, one of the main reactive oxygen species that usually oxidizes biomolecules in a more specific way than either •OH or one-electron oxidants. Most of the endoperoxides and hydroperoxides produced by 1O2 have been shown to be unstable and therefore their identification is often difficult. The use of [18O]-labeled 1O2 released from thermolabile endoperoxides in association with HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis provides a highly suitable way to gain relevant mechanistic insights into the formation and the decomposition pathways of initially generated peroxidic compounds. The possibility of cell penetration afforded by suitable naphthalene endoperoxides has also been exploited for investigating the reaction of 1O2 with DNA for accrediting the mechanism of oxidation of guanine in the nucleus and providing an elegant approach for assessing the validity of DNA isolation methods used in the measurement of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine, an ubiquitous oxidation product. Further developments are expected both in mechanistic studies and applications in cells using [18O]-labeled 1O2 generators. Keywords: [18O]-Peroxides; hydroperoxides; [18O]-labeled singlet molecular oxygen; mass spectrometry; [18O]-labeled molecular oxygen; naphthalene endoperoxides; DNA; protein; cardiolipin; lipid
Sexual recruitment in Zostera marina: A patch to landscape‐scale investigation

Seagrasses are a diverse group of clonal marine macrophytes. Their disappearance in recent decades has been an alarming component of estuarine urbanization, effectively transitioning vast portions of global coverage to disturbed or recovering states. Understanding dispersal and recruitment patterns within and among extant populations is now vitally important to predicting both the form and pace of recovery. Working with a perennial ecotype of Zostera marina within a shallow lagoon in Long Island, New York, U.S.A. , we combined high resolution, decade‐long seagrass mapping with polymorphic microsatellite analysis to examine the interactive effects of pollination and seed dispersal distance on the dynamics of sexual recruitment across a range of spatial scales (centimeters to decameters). We found clone structure to be restricted to less than three meter across a 56,250‐m2 study site. Pollination distances ranged from 0.57 m to 73.91 m, while seed dispersal varied systematically from 1.85 m to 5.31 m for naked seeds, and randomly throughout the study site (0.17 m to 34.54 m) for seeds deposited by floating reproductive shoots. Pedigree analyses corroborated these findings, with full sibling groups clustering neatly within larger half‐sibling kinships at spatial scales of 2‐6 m. We successfully demonstrate that over a four‐year period sexual reproduction and seedling recruitment played appreciable roles in the colonizing process of Z. marina, configuring the landscape through the deposition of rafted seeds, and contributing to patch expansion via the limited dispersal of naked seeds.
Shroom3 and planar cell polarity couple apical constriction and convergent extension during neural tube morphogenesis

Neural tube closure is a critical developmental event that provides an extraordinary example of how coordinated cell behavior orchestrates the shaping of a complex tissue during vertebrate embryogenesis. Neural tube closure relies on actomyosin contractility to drive specific cellular behaviors such as apical constriction, tissue bending, and directional cell rearrangements. These complicated processes are facilitated by coordinating the activity of Rho-Kinase (Rock), to regulate cytoskeletal dynamics and actomyosin contractility, and the Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) pathway, which controls polarized cellular reorganization to mediate convergent extension of the tissue. Failure to properly coordinate these processes results in a class of highly prevalent, severely debilitating congenital malformations known as neural tube defects. The work described here investigates the role of Shroom3, a regulator of localized Rock activity, as a direct linker between planar cell polarity and actomyosin contractility to facilitate apical constriction, directional bending, cell topography, and subsequent neural tube morphogenesis. In mice, simultaneous depletion of Shroom3 and the planar cell polarity components Vangl2 or Wnt5a results in convergent extension failure and an increased liability to neural tube defects. The Shroom3 and planar cell polarity pathways intersect at Dishevelled, as Dishevelled2 (Dvl2), Shroom3, and Rock co-distribute in cells. Dvl2 and Shroom3 form a physical complex mediated by discrete protein-protein domain interactions. Imaging of the neural plate of E8.5 embryos demonstrates that multiple components of the Shroom3 pathway are planar polarized along mediolateral cell junctions in vivo in a PCP-dependent manner. Finally, Shroom3 mutant embryos exhibit defects in planar cell arrangement during neural tube closure, suggesting a role for Shroom3 activity in convergent extension. These findings support a model in which the Shroom3 and planar cell polarity pathways interact to control convergent extension and polarized bending of the neural plate. The results of this study lend insight into the intricate set of mechanisms that regulate neural tube closure and provide a clear illustration of the complex genetic basis of neural tube defects.
Genetics and Analysis of Quantitative Traits

I. The Genetic Basis of Quantitative Variation - An Overview of Quantitative Genetics - Properties of Distributions - Covariance, Regression, and Correlation - Properties of Single Loci - Sources of Genetic Variation for Multilocus Traits - Sources of Environmental Variation - Resemblance Between Relatives - Introduction to Matrix Algebra and Linear Models - Analysis of Line Crosses - Inbreeding Depression - Matters of Scale - II. Quantitative-Trait Loci - Polygenes and Polygenic Mutation - Detecting Major Genes - Basic Concepts of Marker-Based Analysis - Mapping and Characterizing QTLs: Inbred-Line Crosses - Mapping and Characterizing QTLs: Outbred Populations - III. Estimation Procedures - Parent-Offspring Regression - Sib AnalysisTwins and Clones - Cross-Classified Designs - Correlations Between Characters - Genotype x Environment Interaction - Maternal Effects Sex Linkage and Sexual Dimorphism - Threshold Characters - Estimation of Breeding Values - Variance-Component Estimation with Complex Pedigrees - Appendices - Expectations, Variances and Covariances of Compound Variables - Path Analysis - Matrix Algebra and Linear Models - Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Likelihood-Ratio Tests - Estimation of Power of Statistical Tests -
Experimental rearing of spiny lobster, Panulirus homarus (Palinuridae) in land-based tanks at Mirbat station (Sultanate of Oman) in 2009-2010.

Two experiments on the rearing of the spiny lobster Panulirus homarus were conducted in land-based tanks at Mirbat Aquaculture Unit from June to December 2009 and January-December 2010. In the first experiment 14 lobsters with an average size of 64.9±7.4 mm CL and weight of 297.8±98.0 g were reared to an average of 71.7±7.2 mm CL and weight of 384.0±114.8 g over 187 days. In the second experiment 45 lobsters were reared from an initial length of 45.4±4.6 mm CL and weight of 118.9 g to a length 66.0±7.1 mm CL and a weight of 304.1 g over 335 days. Total length increment was 45.8% and weight increment 155.1%. The daily food ration was 3.0-8.8%. The survival rate in the first experiment was 92.9%, in the second experiment it was also high (86.7%) during the first six months. In both experiments males grew faster than females. While the water temperature, pH, salinity and dissolved oxygen reflected the ambient condition of the Arabian Sea, these were not optimal levels for lobsters culture. The salinity was higher (37.5 ppt), while the water temperature was low (<20 o C) during the summer monsoon. The study demonstrated the possibility of cultivating sub-adult lobsters in Oman from 40 – 45 mm CL and 100 g to maturity stage, obtaining the legal size of 70 mm CL and a weight of about 350 g over a year. It is recommended that the next experiment be conducted in floating sea cages from October to June.
Contribution to integrated control against bacterial wilt in different pedoclimatic situations : Guadeloupe experience

Des essais de lutte contre le fletrissement bacterien de la tomate ont ete menes en Guadeloupe sur vertisols et oxisols. Sur vertisols, le controle de l'irrigation permet de maintenir les proprietes suppressives de ces sols. Sur oxisols, l'apport de fortes doses d'azote sous forme organique reduit significativement la severite du fletrissement bacterien sur plusieurs cycles successifs de culture de tomate
An unanticipated role for the Phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R1) as a novel cellular senescence regulator and tumour suppressor gene

Activee dans les stades precoces du developpement tumoral, la senescence empeche la progression tumorale en induisant un arret de proliferation cellulaire. Ainsi, tout comme l’apoptose, ce mecanisme doit etre altere pour qu’une cellule devienne tumorale. Malgre ce role crucial de protection contre la progression tumorale, nous connaissons peu les mecanismes moleculaires qui regulent l’echappement a la senescence. A l’aide d’une banque de shRNA ciblant 8000 genes, nous avons realise un criblage genetique dans le but d’isoler de nouveaux regulateurs, qui lors qu’ils sont inhibes, favorisent un echappement a la senescence. Ce criblage nous a ainsi permis d’isoler PLA2R1 comme un nouveau regulateur de la senescence. Nous avons montre que ce gene regulait la senescence par l’activation du gene suppresseur de tumeurs p53. Un deuxieme travail nous a ensuite permis d’identifier PLA2R1 comme un nouveau gene suppresseur de tumeurs. Dans un futur proche PLA2R1 pourra, peut-etre, etre utilise comme bio-marqueur. De plus nous avons recemment demontre que cette proteine pourrait avoir un potentiel a visee therapeutique etant donne son potentiel d’action sur les cellules tumorales. L’ensemble de ces travaux nous ont donc permis d’isoler PLA2R1 comme un nouveau regulateur de la senescence et gene suppresseur de tumeurs.
Aromatic amine metabolism: immunochemical relationships of N-acetyltransferase and N,O-acyltransferase

Mutagenic and carcinogenic aromatic amines are acetylated in most organisms. Acetyl CoA and arylhydroxamic acids can serve as acetyl donors for N-Acetylation of amines to yield stable amides, or by O-acetylation of hydroxylamine derivatives to produce reactive metabolites that can react covalently with nucleic acid. Polyclonal antibodies against rat arylhydroxamic acid, N,O-acyltransferase (AHAT) have been compared for their abilities to react with this enzyme and the acetyl CoA-dependent N-acetyltransferase (NAT) of the rat, rabbit, hamster, mouse and human. Liver cytosols were treated with increasing quantities of antibodies from immune or control rabbits. Immune complexes were removed by treatment with protein A-Sepharose before assay of nucleic acid adduct formation by AHAT activation of N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene and the acetylation of 2-aminofluorene by NAT. Both rat activities, the AHAT of the hamster and the NAT of the mouse and human were removed by this treatment. No decrease in NAT activity of hamster, or of either rabbit cytosol activity was observed. Neither mouse nor human liver has appreciable AHAT activity. These data support the idea that AHAT and NAT of rat, AHAT of hamster and NAT of mouse and human liver are immunochemically related, but that NAT of the hamster is an immunochemically distinct peptide.
Retinoic Acid-induced Expression of CD38 Antigen in Myeloid Cells Is Mediated through Retinoic Acid Receptor-α

Abstract CD38 is a leukocyte differentiation antigen that has been thought to be a phenotypic marker of different subpopulations of T-and B-lymphocytes. In myeloid cells, CD38 is expressed during early stages of differentiation. Virtually no information is available on regulation and functions of CD38. Recently we reported that all- trans -retinoic acid (ATRA) is a potent and highly specific inducer of CD38 expression in human promyelocytic leukemia cells. Here we report that ATRA-induced expression of CD38 antigen in myeloid cells is mediated through retinoic acid-α receptor (RARα). ATRA failed to induce CD38 expression in a mutant subclone of the HL-60 myeloid leukemia cell line (designated HL-60R) that is relatively resistant to ATRA-induced granulocytic differentiation. Retroviral vector-mediated transduction of RA receptor (RARα) into this HL-60R subclone completely restored the sensitivity of these cells to ATRA in terms of their ability to express CD38. In contrast, CD38 expression was not inducible by ATRA in HL-60R cells, transfected with a functional RARβ, RARγ, or RXRα receptor. Induction of CD38 in acute promyelocytic and acute myeloblastic leukemia cells was independent of ATRA-induced cytodifferentiation. Following culture with ATRA, increased CD38 protein levels were also observed in normal CD34 + bone marrow cells, but not on normal circulating granulocytes. From these results, we conclude that CD38 is ATRA inducible in myeloid leukemia cells and normal CD34 + bone marrow cells. This effect is independent of differentiation and is mediated by RARα in HL-60 cells, suggesting a similar role for RARα in CD38 expression in other hematopoietic cells.
Unit-free strongly commuting Regular Rings

In this paper, ring R satisfying in the condition xy = ( yx ) 2 a ( yx ) 2 for all x; y 2 R n U with some a in R and is called Unit-free strongly commuting Regular Rings. We observe the structure of a Unit-free strongly commuting regular ring. In this paper shown that R is a Unit-free strongly commuting regular ring, then R is an abelian ring. we also proved that R is a Unit-free strongly commuting regular ring, then J ( R ) _ N ( R ) and shown that R is a local ring with J ( R ) 2 = 0 and also, we proved some main properties of the Unit-free strongly commuting regular rings and we give a necessary and su cient condition that a ring is Unit-free strongly commuting regular. Keywords : regular rings; Strongly commuting regular rings; Unit free commuting regular rings; reduced rings:
CINÉTICA DE DEGRADACIÓN IN SITU DE LA Leucaena leucocephala Y Panicum maximum In situ Degradation Kinetics of Leucaena leucocephala and Panicum maximum

An experiment was carried out at El Guayabo-INIA Experimental Station, in Catatumbo municipality, Zulia state, in the western region of Venezuela, in a tropical humid forest; in order to evaluate in situ dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) degradability of Leucaena leucocephala and guinea grass (Panicum maximum). Incubation times were 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours, in a completely randomized design wit ha2x6 factorial arrangement and three replications. The obtained results showed significative effects (P<0.05) of species on in situ degradability kinetics of DM. A greater initial (20.83%) and effective (49.53%) degradability was observed in leucaena, while, guinea grass showed the highest maximum degradability (58.68%). The lower degradation rate of DM (0.0389 h -1 ) was observed in guinea grass and potential degradability was not different between species. The highest CP percentage of initial (6.12%) and potential (52.10%) degradability was obtained in guinea grass, while, the degradation rate was lower (0.013 h -1 ) in leucaena. The