Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Common Low Back Pain: A New Approach to an Old Problem

Low back pain is very common, but the pathophysiology is poorly understood. We present a new hypothesis regarding the pathophysiology of common low back pain supported by our flexible endoscopic observations of the epidural cavity (epiduroscopy), anatomic dissection of embalmed and fresh cadavers, and careful review of preexisting information available on the anatomy of the epidural space and neuroforamen. A new approach to the treatment of common low back pain based on the hypothesis was developed and is presented in the case reports of five patients. Treatment focuses on a perichondrium derivative; the peridural membrane, which creates a suprapedicular compartment in the neuroforamen where we hypothesize inflammatory material accumulates. This produces common low back pain by causing inflammation and sensitization of the peridural membrane and periosteum that forms the boundaries of this compartment. Percutaneous Ablation and Curettage and Inferior Foraminotomy (PACIFsm) aims to destroy the peridural membrane, denervate sensitive structures, and remove inflammatory tissues from the suprapedicular canal. The proposed mechanism of action and safety of PACIFsm is discussed in the context of epidural and neuroforaminal anatomy. As shown by the five case reports, PACIFsm appears to be highly effective and safe, warranting further evaluation.
First x-ray scattering studies on electrostatically levitated metallic liquids: demonstrated influence of local icosahedral order on the nucleation barrier.

To explain the unusual stability of undercooled liquids against crystallization, Frank hypothesized that the local structures of undercooled liquids contain a significant degree of icosahedral short-range order, which is incompatible with long-range periodicity. We present here the first direct experimental demonstration of Frank's complete hypothesis, showing a correlation between the nucleation barrier and a growing icosahedral short-range order with decreasing temperature in a Ti39.5Zr39. 5Ni21 liquid. A new experimental facility, BESL (Beamline Electrostatic Levitation), was developed to enable the synchrotron x-ray structural studies on deeply undercooled, reactive liquids.
Modeling and simulation of motion of a quadcopter in a light wind

The complete dynamics for controlling a quad-copter are complex. Therefore, although simplified models of a quadcopter requiring a minimum number of states and inputs have been considered, unified methods to describe the dynamic state equations of quadcopters have yet to be established. This paper presents how system dynamics and system control equations for a quadcopter in a light wind were reliably derived using an Arnold-type operator together with moving and stationary inertia coordinate systems. The relationship between the Euler angles, the stationary inertia coordinate system and the moving coordinate system is clarified. The Lagrangian Method is also discussed and the simulation results are illustrated.
Transplantation of Cultured Thymic Fragments: Results in Nude Mice

Transplantation of F344 rat cultured thymic fragments was able to restore immune function to nude mice. Approximately half of such animals displayed increased lifespan (7–8 months). These mice were also capable of rejecting allogeneic mouse skin and rat skin from a strain (Buffalo) unrelated to the thymus donor; however, they were incapable of rejecting rat skin from the thymus donor strain. Proliferative responses to T‐cell mitogens were restored. Proliferative responses to alloantigens and xenoantigens in mixed leucocyte cultures were also restored and showed the same patterns of specific reactivity and non‐reactivity as in skin graft rejection. The ability to make antibody responses to specific antigens was also restored, but the responsiveness was more variable than for cell‐mediated responses. Some mice were able to make antibody to rabbit serum proteins; however, fewer mice made antibody to ovalbumin. The inability to respond to ovalbumin may be due to the fact that F344 rats are low responders to this protein. These results suggest that cultured xenogeneic thymus is effective in restoring two major differentiation functions of the normal thymus gland: development of specific antigen responsiveness and non‐responsiveness.
Cytokines and Migraine: Increase of IL‐5 and IL‐4 Plasma Levels

Thirty‐two patients suffering from migraine without aura were assessed during the interictal period to evaluate the contribution of cytokines to the pathophysiology of migraine. To this end, plasma levels of IFN‐γ, IL‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐10 were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELlSA) techniques. Plasma levels of both IFN‐γ and IL‐10 were not increased in the patients and did not differ significantly from healthy controls. Of interest, we observed a strong increase of IL‐5 levels in 84.3% as well as increased IL‐4 levels in 37.5% of patients with migraine without aura. These results suggest a preferential enhancement of some Th2‐type cytokines and may support the growing arguments of an immunoallergic mechanism in the pathophysiology of migraine.
Constraint Satisfaction In "Conscious" Software Agents--A Practical Application

ABSTRACT The U.S. Navy has been trying for many years to automate its personnel assignment process. Periodic assignment of personnel to new jobs is mandatory according to Navy policy. Though various software systems are used regularly, the process is mainly done manually and sequentially by Navy personnel called detailers. This paper is a case study in applying cognitive theories implemented via new AI techniques to produce flexible adaptive human-like software. In it we present a sketch of an intelligent distribution agent that aims to largely automate the detailer's tasks. In particular, we look inside its constraint satisfaction, which is mainly responsible for satisfying the requirements of the Navy's policies, the command's needs, and the sailor's preferences in order to achieve “satisfactory” job assignments, according to ever-evolving Navy standards.
Past, current, and future trend in reconfigurable transceiver research and development

In 1990's a concept of software-defined radio has been proposed by Mitola. A reconfigurability of the operating parameters; center frequency, bandwidth and power level in transceivers only altered by software is one of the most important features in the software-defined radio to realize a versatile transceiver. Here we will review research and development in the field of reconfigurable transceiver, and discuss the future trend of this technology. In addition, our work of direct sampling receivers will be introduced on the context of reconfigurability of several characteristics such as image rejection, pass-band widening, etc.
The effect of variation in the concentration of individual extracellular electrolytes on the response of the sheep's parotid gland to Na+ depletion

It has been shown (Denton, 1956, 1957 b) that withdrawal ofthe supplementary Na+ intake from a sheep with a parotid fistula results in progressive Na+ depletion, and deficits of 500-1000 m-equiv of Na+ occur. Na+ depletion of this degree causes the parotid salivary Na+:K+ ratio to fall from a normal value of 18-0 (180:10 m-equiv/l.) to as low as 0-06 (10:180 m-equiv/l.). Restoration of the dietary NaHCO3 supplement, in an amount sufficient to correct the Na+ depletion, causes the Na+:K+ ratio in the parotid saliva to return to normal. Recent work in this laboratory, aimed at elucidating the mechanism of this striking phenomenon, has established the following facts: (i) The fall of the salivary Na+: K+ ratio during Na+ depletion is associated with a 5-20 m-equiv/l. decrease of plasma Na+ concentration (Denton, 1957 b). (ii) A local parotid mechanism associated with a decrease of secretion rate is a contributory cause of the fall of the salivary Na+: K+ ratio during Na+ depletion, but this factor accounts for only 25-50% of the fall (Denton, 1956, 1957a). (iii) An increase of the plasma Na+ concentration by 4-40 m-equiv/l. in the parotid arterial field of a Na+-depleted sheep, produced by slow intracarotid infusion of a concentrated NaCl solution, does not cause any significant immediate change in the salivary Na+:K+ ratio. However, if the amount of Na+ injected is sufficient to cause a significant change in the sheep's Na+ balance, the parotid salivary Na+:K+ ratio rises rapidly after a latent period of 1-2 hr. The latter effect may be reproduced by rapid bilateral adrenalectomy in a Na+-depleted sheep, suggesting that the response is due to inhibition of electrolyte-active adrenal secretion (McDonald & Denton, 1956; Denton 9 PHYSIO. CXL
Fast Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulations Using Hash Table Based Caching with Applications to Nanowire Growth and Sintering

We describe an implementation of a rate cache designed to eliminate redundant calculations in kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations. The cache is a hash table of rates, indexed by local neighborhoods of an atom configuration. We present numerical evidence suggesting that the set of such local neighborhoods seen during KMC is small and repeating, implying that the utilization of such a cache is advantageous. We present a simulated annealing technique to search for effective, system-specific hash functions. In tandem with an optimized hash function, the implementation of the rate cache results in significant performance gains. Equipped with an efficient implementation, we are able to simulate nanowire growth by the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) method as an example. An energy parameter study is presented. We show that the KMC model captures a wide range of observed phenomena, including faceting at the liquid-solid interface and nanowire kinking. Simulation results illustrating the role of faceting on nanowire ki.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common, disabling disease in adults. Newly developed diagnostic measures are available to screen for and support the diagnosis. ADHD typically causes complaints of disturbances of attention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity, although a subgroup of patients have only problems with attention. The disorder may be subtle or it may be obscured by secondary problems; the boundaries of the syndrome often blur with those of other disease entities. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, effective pharmacologic treatments are available. Psychologic treatment serves an important adjunctive role for associated problems and concurrent psychologic disorders. Marked improvement in quality of life often occurs after diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Interference-aware multi-hop path selection for device-to-device communications in a cellular interference environment

Device-to-Device (D2D) communications is widely seen as an efficient network capacity scaling technology. The co-existence of D2D with conventional cellular (CC) transmissions causes unwanted interference. Existing techniques have focused on improving the throughput of D2D communications by optimising the radio resource management and power allocation. However, very little is understood about the impact of the route selection of the users and how optimal routing can reduce interference and improve the overall network capacity. In fact, traditional wisdom indicates that minimising the number of hops or the total path distance is preferable. Yet, when interference is considered, we show that this is not the case. In this paper, we show that by understanding the location of the user, an interference-aware routing algorithm can be devised. We propose an adaptive Interference-Aware-Routing (IAR) algorithm, that on average achieves a 30% increase in hop distance, but can improve the overall network capacity by 50% whilst only incurring a minor 2% degradation to the CC capacity. The analysis framework and the results open up new avenues of research in location-dependent optimization in wireless systems, which is particularly important for increasingly dense and semantic-aware deployments.
Fertility‐sparing treatment in young women with endometrial cancer or atypical complex hyperplasia: a prospective single‐institution experience of 21 cases

We conducted a prospective study of conservative treatment in 21 young nulliparous women with grade (G)1 endometrial cancer stage IA (11) or atypical complex hyperplasia (10). All were treated with a low‐dose cyclic natural progestin therapy (200 mg/day from day 14–25) and encouraged to attempt pregnancy immediately. No adverse therapy‐related effects were recorded. Overall response rate to progestin therapy was 57%. Nine women conceived (43%). There were 13 pregnancies, of which 13 were spontaneous and 8 were in women with persistent disease or partial response to hormonal treatment. Three additional complete responses were observed after delivery. Only women with known primary infertility or severe polycystic ovary syndrome showed inadequate pregnancy rate. Fifteen women underwent definitive surgery after enrolment (median 27 months, range 3–56 months). All 21 women are alive and disease free after a median follow up of 98 months.
Mechanisms and catheter ablation therapy of atrial fibrillation.

Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation is an evolving field. We've made a lot of progress, but we have not yet determined the best way to ablate this very challenging arrhythmia. Just about every other arrhythmia that we've tackled in the EP laboratory is very discrete, and you can use mapping to determine where the target site is; you ablate it, and that's that. But atrial fibrillation is such a complex arrhythmia that the best technique still is not clear.
Feasibility Study of Rice Growth in Plant Factories

Global food production will need to increase more than 50% before 2050 to satisfy the food demands of an increasing human population. To solve this food crisis, an increase in rice production will be necessary as rice is especially vital for the nutrition of much of the population in many countries. One solution to the future food shortage worldwide would be to cultivate crops in places where plants to do typically grow (e.g., desert and Antarctic). The technology for “plant factories”, a new facility to grow plants under a controlled environment that would enable high yield and high quality production year-round, is progressing. Through the computer-based, automated control of environmental conditions for optimal rice growth, the external environmental conditions would have little effect on the plants growing inside the plant factory. In the near future, the plant factory could play an important role in areas where field productions are difficult or impossible. Moreover, since producing biopharmaceuticals in plants through genetic engineering technologies has many economic and qualitative benefits, the trial to produce useful materials in transgenic plants is examined in the plant factory. Transgenic plants might therefore expand the usefulness of plant factories. In this review article, feasibility of rice growth in plant factories is summarized.
Review: tricyclic antidepressants, capsaicin, gabapentin, and oxycodone are effective for postherpetic neuralgia

(2002) J Fam Pract 51, 121; Alper BS, Lewis PR. Treatment of postherpetic neuralgia. A systematic review of the literature. Feb; . : . –8 . [OpenUrl][1][PubMed][2][Web of Science][3] QUESTION: In patients with postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), are any treatments effective in reducing pain or disability? Studies were identified by searching Medline (1966 to October 2000) and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry with the terms postherpetic neuralgia, neuropathy, and pain; searching Current Contents , bibliographies of relevant studies, and the US Food and Drug Administration web site; and contacting authors and content experts. English language studies were selected if they were full reports of randomised controlled trials that included patients with PHN (history of herpes zoster, pain in the dermatomal distribution of the zoster rash, and pain persisting after resolution of the rash) and addressed relevant outcomes (pain resolution, pain severity, or quality of life). 2 reviewers independently reviewed trials for quality and extracted data on patient age and duration of PHN, type of treatment, treatment dosage and duration, results, and adverse effects. 27 trials were included. 6 trials evaluated topical treatments (follow up of 2 d to 6 wk). Of 2 trials that compared a lidocaine patch with placebo, 1 showed no difference and 1 showed … [1]: {openurl}? query=rft.jtitle%253DThe%2BJournal%2Bof%2Bfamily%2Bpractice%26rft.stitle%253DJ%2BFam%2BPract%26rft.aulast%253DAlper%26rft.auinit1%253DB. %2BS. %26rft.volume%253D51%26rft.issue%253D2%26rft.spage%253D121%26rft.epage%253D128%26rft.atitle%253DTreatment%2Bof%2Bpostherpetic%2Bneuralgia%253A%2Ba%2Bsystematic%2Breview%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bliterature. %26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F11978209%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=11978209&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F7%2F5%2F147.atom [3]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=000173776900004&link_type=ISI
A fast face detection method for JPEG image

Face detection is a key technology of face recognition, in this paper, a fast face detection method based on JPEG image is proposed. According to analyzing the feature of face image, the combination of reconstruction of low resolution image in the compressed domain and face detection in the pixel domain method is proposed. For JPEG image, we propose the reconstruction method of low resolution image by using few DCT coefficients. We compare our method with conventional face detection in the pixel domain. The testing results show our method has high face detection precision while greatly improve the detection speed.
Survival Prediction by an Integrated Learning Criterion on Intermittently Varying Healthcare Data

Survival prediction is crucial to healthcare research, but is confined primarily to specific types of data involving only the present measurements. This paper considers the more general class of healthcare data found in practice, which includes a wealth of intermittently varying historical measurements in addition to the present measurements. Making survival predictions on such data bristles with challenges to the existing prediction models. For this reason, we propose a new semi-proportional hazards model using locally time-varying coefficients, and a novel complete-data model learning criterion for coefficient optimization. Experiments on the healthcare data demonstrate the effectiveness and generalizability of our model and its promise in practical applications.
A memory hierarchy-aware metadata management technique for Solid State Disks

Solid State Disk (SSD) drives are rapidly replacing conventional hard disk drives (HDDs) due to their remarkable performance gains. For emulating HDDs, SSDs require a flash translation layer (FTL) which hides the out-of-place-update feature of NAND flash memories. In the latest large-capacity SSDs, FTLs must manage huge metadata such as a logical-to-physical address mapping table, a pool of free blocks, or a list of garbage blocks with their erase counts. The total metadata cannot reside on a small on-chip SRAM so that it must be hierarchically distributed in DRAM or NAND flash memories. This paper presents an efficient metadata management technique for SSDs which fully exploits memory hierarchy of an SSD. By the proposed technique, the distributed metadata can be efficiently searched or updated with small overheads. Experimental results show that overheads of metadata management become considerably large in the latest SSDs and they are minimized efficiently by the proposed technique.
Human motion recognition based on neural network

This paper proposes a method that can perform human motion pattern recognition using principal component analysis (PCA) and a neural network. The moving target is detected from a set of video image sequences, and the silhouette is extracted. The two-dimensional signal of the contour is converted into a one-dimensional signal through measuring the distance of pixels between centroid and boundaries of the silhouette. The feature of human motion is extracted by PCA, and then a neural network is employed to classify the motion pattern into three categories: walking, running, and other motions. Experimental results have shown that this method is capable of recognizing the motion pattern mentioned above effectively.
Paramyxovirus Reverse Genetics Is Coming of Age

The family Paramyxoviridae is divided into two sub families, Paramvxovirinae and Pneumovirinae. Paramyx ovirinae comprises three genera, Respirovirus (formerly named Paramvxovirus), Morbillivirus and Rubulavirus , whereas Pneumovirinae has a single genus Pneumovirus (Table 1). The paramyxoviruses are enveloped viruses with a linear, non-segmented negative-sense RNA genome of approximately 15.5 kb. A single molecule of negative-sense RNA also features the genomes of three other families, Rhabdoviridae, Filoviridae and Bor naviridae, constituting altogether the superfamily (order) Mononegavirales. In this superfamily, there are not only those human and animal pathogens which have been recognized since early studies in virology but also various newly emerging agents (Table 1). The entire genome nucleotide sequence had been determined for many classical members of Mononegavirales by the end of the 1980s. Since then, researchers have had the fore sight to assemble the cloned cDNAs used for sequencing into a full-length copy and recover an infectious virus from the DNA. In the case of positive-strand RNA viruses, either the introduction into cells of in vitro syn thesized RNA from cDNA or intracellular expression of RNA following DNA transfection automatically results in the production of infectious progeny, because the naked RNA genome functions as a template to initiate the infectious cycle. Therefore, the plasmid-based reverse genetics technology was established for these viruses with relative ease (reviewed in 3). In contrast, the naked genome RNA of Mononegavirales, either as the genom ic negative () strand or antigenomic positive ( + ) strand, is not infectious and can form a functional tem plate only in association with the structural protein sub units and RNA polymerase. The active polymerase is usually a complex of two protein components and some times requires an additional cofactor. Crucial to the initiation of the viral life cycle from cDNA is thus the
Expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2, MMP‐9, MMP‐13, and MT1‐MMP in skin tumors of human papillomavirus type 8 transgenic mice

Abstract: Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are small DNA viruses that induce a wide variety of hyperproliferative lesions in cutaneous and mucosal epithelia. It is proposed that HPV is involved in non‐melanoma skin cancer development. We have previously shown that HPV8 transgenic mice spontaneously develop papillomatous skin tumors. Histology revealed epidermal hyperplasia, acanthosis and hypergranulosis and in some cases squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Zymographic and immunoblot analysis of normal skin extracts identified increased amounts of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9, MMP‐13 and MT1‐MMP in HPV8‐positive mice compared with HPV8‐negative animals. In situ gelatin zymography of tumor specimens displayed a strong proteolytic activity in papillomas, and SCC putatively attributed to the increased amounts of activated MMP‐9 found in tissue extracts. In addition, immunoblot analysis revealed increased amounts of active MMP‐13 and MT1‐MMP in tumor extracts as compared with control extracts. Immunohistochemical stainings of SCC specimens depicted MMP‐13 to be specifically expressed in stromal fibroblasts neighboring the tumor islands, whereas MT1‐MMP was detected both in tumor cells and in stromal cells. Taken together, these results implicate a role for MMPs in the development of HPV8‐induced cutaneous tumors.