Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation de différentes stratégies de prévention des incompatibilités médicamenteuses dans le contexte de la perfusion continue

La perfusion intraveineuse occupe une large place dans les services de soins cliniques. Les patients recoivent de nombreux medicaments simultanement dans la meme voie centrale, ou des problemes de compatibilite entre les medicaments peuvent survenir. La maitrise de ces incompatibilites medicamenteuses, generatrices de particules, represente donc un enjeu majeur dans la prise en charge des patients polymediques.La premiere partie de ce travail est une analyse de la litterature portant sur les incompatibilites medicamenteuses et leurs principales consequences sur le plan clinique. A ce titre, un chapitre est dedie a l’ensemble des moyens de prevention de ces problemes, parmi lesquels l’usage de filtres en ligne de perfusion ou de dispositifs de perfusion multi-lumieres.La premiere partie de nos travaux experimentaux est consacree a l’evaluation de la filtration terminale comme strategie de prevention de l’administration de particules aux patients. Dans ce contexte, nos travaux ont porte sur le noircissement des filtres en ligne observe dans un service de reanimation neonatale. L’objectif etait de definir la nature de l’incompatibilite en cause et de s’assurer, dans un second temps, de l’efficacite des filtres malgre les phenomenes de noircissement. Les filtres ont ete examines par microscopie electronique et comptage particulaire. Un aminogramme de la nutrition parenterale a egalement ete realise. Une interaction specifique a ete mise en evidence entre un acide amine (la cysteine) et un oligoelement (le cuivre) dans les poches. De plus, le maintien de la fonction des filtres en ligne a ete demontre.La seconde partie de nos travaux est axee sur l’evaluation de l’interet d’un dispositif medical multi-lumieres innovant dans la prevention des incompatibilites medicamenteuses. Le premier travail mene dans cette thematique a montre in vitro son interet a prevenir la survenue d’incompatibilites physiques entre plusieurs associations medicamenteuses, allant de deux a six medicaments administres simultanement. Nos resultats indiquent que la conception de ces nouveaux dispositifs de perfusion et notamment leur geometrie interne permet de minimiser le temps de contact entre les produits, et ainsi d’ameliorer la compatibilite entre les produits, au meme titre que le type de solution d’hydratation. Le second travail consistait a poursuivre l’evaluation de ces dispositifs de perfusion multi-lumieres en reproduisant un protocole de perfusion utilise habituellement en hematologie pediatrique et associant plusieurs medicaments incompatibles a l’origine de precipite. Un comptage particulaire realise de maniere dynamique a permis de montrer que l’emploi de ces dispositifs permettait de reduire significativement la charge particulaire administree aux patients, en comparaison avec les dispositifs standard de perfusion (rampes de robinets). Les resultats de l’ensemble de nos travaux sont prometteurs pour l’amelioration de la prise en charge des patients. Ils doivent etre maintenant confirmes au travers d’une etude clinique.
Cytochrome P450 2a of nasal epithelium: Regulation and role in carcinogen metabolism

In this study, we found that rat nasal coumarin‐7–hydroxylase (a) activity was two orders of magnitude higher than rat hepatic COH activity and could be induced by adding coumarin to the rats' drinking water. In western blot analysis, an anti‐cytochrome P450 (a) 2a‐5 (mouse liver COH) antibody recognized a sharp band in the microsomal fraction of rat nasal epithelium but not of the liver; the band comigrated with Cyp2a‐5. The intensity of the band was increased by the coumarin treatment. Similarly, in northern blot analysis, a cDNA probe specific for Cyp2a‐5 recognized an mRNA in the nasal epithelium having the same size as mouse liver Cyp2a‐5 mRNA; however, no hybridizable mRNA was recognized in liver preparations. Unlike the protein level, the level of the mRNA was not increased by coumarin. When northern blot analyses were performed with two oligoprobes specific for rat lung CYP2A3, an mRNA of similar size to Cyp2a‐5 mRNA was recognized. In immunoinhibition analysis, anti‐Cyp2a‐5 antibody inhibited rat nasal COH activity and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) metabolism completely. It inhibited N‐nitrosodiethylamine (a) and 4‐ (a) ‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanone (a) metabolism by 80–90%. In contrast, the hepatic metabolism of the four compounds was not affected by the antibody. When coumarin instead of anti‐Cyp2a‐5 antibody was used, a strong but variable inhibition of the nasal metabolism of AFB1, NDEA, and NNK was seen. The results suggest that an enzyme or enzymes similar to mouse liver Cyp2a‐5, one of which may be CYP2A3, is expressed at high levels in rat nasal epithelium but not in the liver and that its expression is increased by coumarin, an odorant and a substrate of Cyp2a‐5. The increase probably occurs by protein stabilization or stimulation of translation. The results also show that the enzyme has a key role in the nasal metabolism of three well‐known carcinogens, AFB1, NDEA, and NNK and may therefore be an important contributing factor in nasal carcinogenesis. ©1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Percutaneous versus Surgical Insertion of PD Catheters in Dialysis Patients: A Meta-Analysis

Purpose Several small studies have suggested that the percutaneous method of peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter insertion is effective and has a lower complication rate than surgical techniques (open, laparoscopic or peritoneoscopic), although no randomized, controlled study has compared these methods. Our objective was to compare percutaneous PD catheter insertion vs surgical placement in terms of 1-year catheter survival, catheter dysfunction, fluid leak and incidence of peritonitis. Methods We searched Medline for English-language literature from 1966 through June 2014, along with national conference proceedings and reference lists of all included publications to identify relevant studies. Inclusion criteria were having a measure of catheter survival at 1 year, catheter dysfunction, peritonitis rate per patient-month or fluid leak as outcomes. Studies were excluded if they were not in English or if they included pediatric patients. Random effects models were used to derive the pooled risk ratios, differences in patency and their variations. Results Thirteen studies with a total of 2,681 subjects met the inclusion criteria. There was no significant difference in 1-year catheter survival in percutaneous vs surgical PD catheter placement (relative risk [RR] = 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59-1.11, p = 0.19). Catheter dysfunction also did not differ significantly between the groups (pooled odds ratio [OR] = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.57-1.29, p = 0.46). The prevalence of peritoneal fluid leak also was similar for percutaneous and surgical groups (OR = 1.10; 95% CI: 0.58-2.09, p = 0.77). However, there was a significant lower incidence of peritonitis among those with percutaneous placement (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.62-0.96, p = 0.02). Significant heterogeneity was detected across studies (I2 = 78.4%, p<0.0001). Conclusions Our results suggest that there is no significant difference in catheter survival between percutaneous and surgical placement of PD catheters. Whether there are significant benefits from percutaneous placement in terms of peritonitis rates requires further robust studies. These findings have significant implications for future design of clinical trials in the placement of PD catheters and the delivery of dialysis-related services.
Potenciales aplicaciones de películas de quitosano en alimentos de origen animal: una revisión.

En la actualidad se ha observado un incremento constante del numero de intoxicaciones y muertes humanas alrededor del mundo debido a la contaminacion de los alimentos de origen animal con patogenos perjudiciales para la salud. Es por esto que varias tecnologias se han investigado, desarrollado y aplicado para mejorar la inocuidad alimentaria. Dentro de estos metodos cabe mencionar la utilizacion de bioembalajes con polimeros naturales con una alta actividad antimicrobiana, como el quitosano,obtenido a partir de la desacetilacion alcalina de la quitina. El quitosano presenta una gran variedad de propiedades biologicas como biodegradabilidad, biocompatibilidad, baja toxicidad, actividad antimicrobiana de amplio espectro, y capacidad de formacion de peliculas comestibles. Esto lo convierten en un biomaterialatractivo para aplicaciones biotecnologicas e industriales. Un ejemplo de esto son las peliculas de quitosano,que hansido probadas en conservacion de alimentos y la tecnologia de envasado, ya que exhiben una alta actividad contra patogenos, como hongos, levaduras,bacterias Gram-positivas y negativas, disminuyendo el deterioro de los alimentos de origen animal y vegetal. Este articulo revisa las potenciales aplicaciones del quitosano debido a su accion antimicrobiana sobre los principales patogenos que afectan la inocuidad de los productos de origen animal como carne, cecinas, embutidos, leche, huevos, queso, pescado y mariscos, que repercuten en la mejora de la calidad y el aumento de la vida util de estos productos.
Tumour necrosis factor alpha and use of infliximab. Safety during pregnancy.

QUESTION A 27-year-old patient of mine with rheumatoid arthritis has been treated with infliximab for the last 5 years. She is planning her first pregnancy. How should I advise her regarding use of infliximab during pregnancy, bearing in mind that infliximab substantially improved her medical condition? ANSWER Infliximab (Remicade) has not been tested in pregnant animals because it does not interact with non-human tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha. Several case reports describing women who used infliximab during pregnancy do not suggest a strong association with adverse pregnancy outcomes. More studies are required to determine infliximab's safety during pregnancy.
Epicutaneous exposure to proteins and skin immune function

The skin has a sophisticated and highly orchestrated immune system. The ability of proteins encountered at skin surfaces to access that immune system remains controversial, however. In this article the question considered is whether proteins encountered epicutaneously (on the skin) at abraded or tape-stripped skin surfaces, but also at sites where the skin is intact, can engage with the cutaneous immune system to provoke and regulate responses. The available evidence suggests that epicutaneous exposure to foreign proteins is able to elicit immune and allergic responses, and that encounter with protein via this route may favour the development of selective Th2 responses and allergic sensitisation. It is also clear that proteins can modify immunological function when delivered topically and that intact skin may provide an effective route of exposure for active immunotherapy of allergic disease. An appreciation that epicutaneously applied proteins can interact with the skin immune system, even when delivered at intact skin sites, opens up important opportunities for immunotherapy, local immune modulation and the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases. It also indicates that this route of exposure must be considered as part of the safety assessment and risk management of protein-induced allergic sensitisation.
Neural Networks In Action : “ An Engine For The Marketing Information System ” Efficiency of NN Decisions vs . human being in selection of new prospects

This paper describes an empirical approach, a model of a Neural Segmentation Process. This paper gives an overview of the efficiency of MLP trained by Backpropagation decisions vs. humans in the selection of new prospects, and an overview of the reference model, its application in the target organisation (the Bank) and experiences of the utilisation of the new segmentation system as part of the whole Marketing Information System.
Growth , Characterization and Integration of Si / SiGe Heterostructures into TUNFETs

Si/Si1-xGex Heterostructured nanowires are grown by Reduced Pressure-Chemical Vapor Deposition (RP-CVD) using catalyst assisted Vapor Liquid Solid (VLS) and Vapor Solid Solid (VSS) method. We aim to obtain compositional (Si/Si1xGex) and/or doped (p-i-n) heterostructures with abrupt interfaces. The resulting NW heterostructures are structurally characterized using e.g. transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-Ray diffraction and confocal Raman microscopy so that the optimum synthesis parameters can be identified. Then, doping level is evaluated by four points contacts techniques and local probes measurements to study the dopants distribution. Kelvin Probe force microscopy (KPFM) and scanning capacitive microscopy (SCM) will be used for the characterization of dopant distribution. Further, these Nanowire structures are integrated to TFET applications, a detailed I-V characterization will be conducted on these devices in order to assess their performances in terms Ion/Ioff levels, subthreshold slope, and low frequency noise.
Variability of the canonical loop conformations in serine proteinases inhibitors and other proteins

Canonical loops of protein inhibitors of serine proteinases occur in proteins having completely different folds. In this article, conformations of the loops have been analyzed for inhibitors belonging to 10 structurally different families. Using deviation in Cα‐Cα distances as a criterion for loop similarity, we found that the P3‐P3′ segment defines most properly the length of the loop. When conformational differences among loops of individual inhibitors were compared using root mean square deviation (rmsd) in atomic coordinates for all main chain atoms (Δr method) and rmsd operating in main chain torsion angles (Δt method), differences of up to 2.1 Å and 72.3°, respectively, were observed. Such large values indicate significant conformational differences among individual loops. Nevertheless, the overall geometry of the inhibitor‐proteinase interaction is very well preserved, as judged from the similarity of Cα‐Cα distances between Cα of catalytic Ser and Cα of P3‐P3′ residues in various enzyme‐inhibitor complexes. The mode of interaction is very well preserved both in the chymotrypsin and subtilisin families, as distances calculated for subtilisin‐inhibitor complexes are almost always within the range of those for chymotrypsin‐inhibitor complexes. Complex formation leads to conformational changes of up to 160° for χ1 angle. Side chains of residue P1 and P2′ adopt in different complexes a similar orientation (χ1 angle = −60° and −180°, respectively). To check whether the canonical conformation can be found among non–proteinase‐inhibitor Brookhaven Protein Data Bank structures, two selection criteria—the allowed main chain dihedral angles and Cα‐Cα distances for the P3‐P3′ segment—were applied to all these structures. This procedure detected 132 unique hexapeptide segments in 121 structurally and functionally unrelated proteins. Partial preferences for certain amino acids occurring at particular positions in these hexapeptides could be noted. Further restriction of this set to hexapeptides with a highly exposed P1 residue side chain resulted in 40 segments. The possibility of complexes formation between these segments and serine proteinases was ruled out in molecular modeling due to steric clashes. Several structural features that determine the canonical conformation of the loop both in inhibitors and in other proteins can be distinguished. They include main chain hydrogen bonds both within the P3‐P3′ segment and with the scaffold region, P3‐P4 and P3′‐P4′ hydrophobic interactions, and finally either hydrophobic or polar interactions involving the P1′ residue. Proteins 32:459–474, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of low level laser therapy on wound healing after palatal surgery in Beagle dogs

The effect of low level laser therapy on wound healing and wound contraction after palatal surgery in Beagle dogs of 12 weeks of age was investigated. A total of 30 Beagle dogs was used and assigned to a control group (Group C; n=6) and two experimental groups (Group L; n=12 and group LL; n=12). In both experimental groups, Von Langenbeck's palatal repair was simulated. Then in the LL group the denuded bony areas were treated with low level laser therapy using a continuous Ga‐As‐Al laser beam (830 nm) and energy output set at 30 mW. Per treatment a dosage of 1 J/cm2 wound surface area was used. Therapy was carried out three times a week with a total of ten treatments.
As we wait: coping with an imperfect nomenclature for extracellular vesicles

There is increasing evidence that secreted vesicles play important roles in numerous aspects of biology (e.g. intercellular vesicle traffic, immunity, development, neurobiology and microbiology), contribute to many human diseases (e.g. cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and HIV/AIDS) and have significant biotechnological potential. This expanding interest in extracellular vesicles has also highlighted some vexing problems related to their nomenclature. At the first meeting of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) in Gothenburg, Sweden (April 2012), the authors chaired a session on the issue of vesicle nomenclature. (Published: 15 February 2013) Citation: Journal of Extracellular Vesicles 2013, 2 : 20389 - http://dx.doi. org/10.3402/jev.v2i0. 20389
Estimating the benefits of low flow alleviation in rivers: the case of the Ticino River

In Switzerland 60% of electricity is produced by hydropower plants. The construction and operation of these plants determine some negative environmental externalities, such as diminishing groundwater levels and spring flows, and a reduction in river flow, which can severely curtail recreational and fishing activities. This study concentrates on an ex-ante appraisal of the monetary benefits resulting from an enhancement of river flow for recreational fishing purposes. A comparison of estimates of these benefits to the corresponding costs, in terms of loss of electricity production, incurred by hydropower plants to alleviate low flows may be useful for policy makers. For this analysis, as suggested by Layman et al. (Land Economics 72, pp. 113-128, 1996), the Travel Cost Method (TCM) is extended to estimate the economic value of recreational fishing in the Ticino River (the most important river of the Canton Ticino) under existing and hypothetical river flow conditions. Anglers were asked to state how the number of trips they took to the Ticino River would change if an increase in the river flow was imposed on the hydropower plants. The empirical results show that an enhancement of river flow increases the annual consumer surplus for a typical angler by approximately 440 SFr.
EMG parameter identification for controlling electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves to provide certain paraplegics with primitive walking functions

In this paper we present the first patient-based results for a microcomputer-based EMG signature-controlled functional electrical stimulation (FES) system, for restoring walker-supported and brace-free primitive walking to complete paraplegics, at the patients own command. Stimulation is thus controlled directly by the patient's own EMG signatures, generated by him at will, and which are produced by him at his erector spinae back muscles (while activating these muscles more or less as he would during normal walking, had the person not been a paraplegic). In this manner a switch-free simplistic but reliable information-gap is produced across the paraplegic's lesion, such that the above lesion's relatively normal EMG provides the control command to electrical stimulation of paralyzed peripheral (lower limb) nerves, to provide the basic functions of standing up, sitting-down and walking. The FES signals are at pulse rates close to the average ones occurring naturally at the corresponding nerves. The paper reports actual patient results for 3 paraplegics, two at T-9 (one complete, one with only residual sensation) and one T-6 complete paraplegic, who all subsequently achieved walking between parallel bars and two even with a walker (no braces in all cases), using the FES system developed by A. Kralj, this walking being, to our knowledge the first hand-switch-free patient-controlled FES walking reported ever. The EMG signature-discrimination for control is as previously developed by D. Graupe for artificial-limb control, and it depends only on the EMG signature temporal parameters, while completely ignoring EMG power (amplitude) level. Whereas all 3 patients produced EMG parameters in the range reported below, adequate for controlling all functions involved, only one, a T-6 complete paraplegic, has so far (due to time limitations) achieved EMG controlled walking between parallel bars and by now also a few steps with a walker. One T-9 complete paraplegic, injured 5 years before coming to our program, was however able, within 4 weeks, to walk via FES with a walker, though with manual control. A movie on the above will be shown at this CDC-1982 Conference, to illustrate the patients' walking performance.
Prevalence and Outcomes of Childhood Visual Disorders

Purpose: This population-based study examines the prevalence of childhood visual disorders: amblyopia (strabismus, refractive errors) and organic disease. It also assesses treatment outcomes, visual impairment and residual amblyopia. Methods: 1582 children were retrospectively analysed on treatment completion (age 8-9 years). Significant visual disorders included: esotropia, exotropia, anisometropia (hyperopia ≥1.50DS, astigmatism ≥1.00DC, myopia ≥1.50DS), ametropia (hyperopia ≥1.50DS, astigmatism ≥1.0DC, myopia ≥0.75DS) and organic defects. Results: 198 children (12.5%) had a significant visual disorder: strabismus (3.98%), eso:exo rate 5:1, anisometropia (2.34%), ametropia (5.82%), organic defects (0.38%). Organic disease caused visual handicap (< 6/18 in better eye) in 0.13%. Amblyopic visual impairment (6/18; 6/24-6/60) occurred in 1.13%; 2.02% had residual amblyopia (6/12 or worse). Conclusions: Childhood visual disorders are a common problem. Unfavourable visual outcomes in esotropia are related to two sub-groups and particularly with poor concordance to treatment. Suggested strategies to improve outcomes include health promotion, an “Amblyopia Nurse” and a “Patch Club”.
A case study of integrating Interwise: Interaction, internet self-efficacy, and satisfaction in synchronous online learning environments

This paper reports research on the implementation of a web-based videoconferencing tool (Interwise) for synchronous learning sessions on an industrial technology course offered through a university in northern Taiwan. The participants included undergraduate students from the same course offered in two different semesters. We investigated students' perceptions of interactions with the instructor and fellow students, their confidence in utilizing the Internet (Internet self-efficacy), and the satisfaction level that students perceived throughout the learning process with Interwise. We also examined the effect of interactions and Internet self-efficacy on student satisfaction. Data collected through paper-based and online surveys were analyzed using correlation and multiple regression. The results revealed that overall, learners perceived Interwise as a tool that was moderately easy to use for synchronous learning. Learners seemed to prefer using the Interwise features, such as emotion icons, talk, or raise hand, to interact with their instructor. Learners had high confidence in gathering data or getting support through the Internet, but low confidence in resolving Internet related problems. Both learner-learner and learner-instructor interactions were significant predictors of student satisfaction, while Internet self-efficacy did not significantly contribute to satisfaction. Learner-instructor interaction was found to be the strongest predictor of student satisfaction.