Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
KAYNAŞTIRMA SINIF ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN KAYNAŞTIRMA KONUSUNDAKİ YETERLİLİKLERİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI

Her insanin beden, kisilik, ilgi, duygu, dusunce, yetenek gibi bircok yonden diger insanlardan ayrildigi farkliliklar vardir. Ancak bu farkliliklarin bircogu (boy, goz-sac rengi vb.) egitim-ogretim acisindan onemli degildir. Bununla beraber bazi bireysel farkliliklar var ki, gormezden gelindigi takdirde o kisinin butun egitim yasamini etkileyecek sonuclar dogurur. Ornegin; sozel ifadeleri takip etmekte zorlanan bir ogrencinin bulundugu sinifta, sadece “anlatim” yontemiyle dersi anlatmak, bu ogrenciye hic kazanim sunmayacak, dolayisiyla bir ust kazanimi elde etmesi olanaksiz olacaktir. Bu arastirmada kaynastirma sinif ogretmenlerinin, kaynastirma egitim uygulamalarindaki yeterliligi belirlenmeye calisilmistir. Bu amacla Istanbul’un Bagcilar, Fatih ve Gaziosmanpasa ilcelerindeki ilkogretim okullarinda gorev yapan 452 kaynastirma sinif ogretmenine anket uygulanmistir. Arastirma sonuclarina gore, siniflardaki kaynastirma egitiminde en az kullanilan uygulamalar acisindan ilk besi sirasiyla; “kaynastirma ogrencilerinin ders sirasinda konuyu daha iyi anlayabilmesi icin hesap makinesi, bilgisayar vb. gibi teknolojik aletleri kullanmasina imkân saglama”, “Kaynastirma ogrencisinin sinavini gerektiginde bireysel yapma”, “Sinavlarda ek sure verme”, “Ders oncesinde ogrencinin hazir olmasini saglama” ve “Aile ve uzmanlara isbirligi yaparak kaynastirma ogrencisine yonelik alinacak onlem ve strateji belirleme” seklinde belirlenmistir. Ayni zamanda ogretmenlerin buyuk cogunlugunun Ozel Egitim dersini almadiklari ve Kaynastirma konusunda kitap okuma duzeyinin oldukca dusuk oldugu saptanmistir. Ogretmenler, arastirma kapsamindaki okullarda bulunan Psikolojik Danisman ve Rehberlik (PDR) ogretmeni ile ilcelerde bulunan Rehberlik Arastirma Merkezi (RAM) faktorlerinin, kaynastirma uygulamalarinda cok etkili olmadiklarini belirtmislerdir.
[Effect of electroacupuncture on mRNA expression of NGF and IGF-1 in injured nerve].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture on mRNA expression of NGF and IGF-1 in injured nerve. METHODS Sciatic nerve injury model was established by transection of right side sciatic nerve in 90 male SD rats, which were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group was treated with electroacupuncture, no treatment in the control group. The distal part of the injured nerve was harvested after 1, 2, 4, 6 and 10 weeks of operation and stored in the liquid nitrogen. The total RNA was extracted by the TRIzol reagent. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was used to detected the mRNA expression of NGF and IGF-1. RESULTS The mRNA expression of NGF in the experimental group was increased quickly from the second week, and reached to highest level in the fourth week. It was much higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Then it began to decline in following time and approximately reached to the level of the first week after 10 weeks of operation. The mRNA expression of IGF-1 in the experimental group was remarkably increased in the second and fourth week, and which was much higher than that of the control group respectively(P < 0.05). Although the mRNA expression of IGF-1 after 10 weeks of operation in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups(P > 0.05). There was linear correlation in the fourth week between mRNA expression of NGF and IGF-1 in the experimental group. CONCLUSION The mRNA expression of NGF and IGF-1 can be elevated in injured nerve at early stage interfered with electroacupuncture.
Eliciting self-explanations improves problem solving : What processes are involved ?

La recherche presentee analyse le role des auto-explications, que les sujets developpent a propos de corriges de problemes, sur la construction de structures de connaissances plus ou moins generales. L'etude concerne le domaine du calcul algebrique. Quatre conditions experimentales ont ete definies. Dans la condition publique, les sujets doivent expliquer des problemes corriges a un experimentateur. Dans la condition privee, ils doivent chercher a s'auto-expliquer ces memes corriges. Dans les conditions controle, soit les sujets doivent resoudre les problemes presentes dans les deux conditions precedentes, soit ils ne font rien entre le pre-test et le post-test concernant le calcul algebrique. Les resultats montrent qu'il existe de grandes differences entre les performances des groupes controles et celles des deux autres groupes experimentaux (en faveur de ces dernieres). L'analyse des verbalisations des sujets indique que la recherche d'explications relatives aux corriges a permis a certains d'entre eux de re-elaborer leurs connaissances initiales. Certains sujets auraient construit un nouveau schema de resolution relativement abstrait, permettant de resoudre tous les problemes presentes. D'autres sujets auraient stocke et annote les problemes traites en conservant leur specificite, ceci leur permettant de raisonner ensuite a partir de cas particuliers. Nous avons ainsi pu contraster deux populations de sujets, des sujets schema abstrait, et des sujets raisonnement a partir de cas.
Automotive Radome Design - Reflection Reduction of Stratified Media

This letter summarizes the electromagnetic field theory of stratified media and provides an approach for designing antireflection structures. The theory of stratified media has been well known for over half a century. Nevertheless, the calculation of reflection degradation is often done using the assumption of load matching. This assumption turns out to be not accurate enough for efficient design of antireflection media for radomes in the millimeter-wave regime. We introduce an approach for optimized matching in this case and show a tolerance analysis of an example structure (rib profile).
Sensitivity of myeloid progenitors to NK‐cell depletion

To gain additional informations on the role played by Natural Killer cells (NK) in the differentiation of human hematopoietic precursors, we have studied the effect of NK‐cell depletion on the in vitro proliferation of hematopoietic cells. NK cells were depleted from blood mononuclear cells by FACS using anti CD3 and anti CD56 monoclonal antibodies. Depletion of NK cells suppressed CFU‐GM up to 69% (P < 0,01), while no significant effect on either BFU‐E and CFU‐Mix growth was observed. To define the threshold of CD56+ cells required to support CFU‐GM formation, NK cells were added to NK‐depleted cells in a titrated fashion. Enhancement of CFU‐GM colony growth was observed at NK/NK ‐ depleted cells ratio of 0.15/1. A dose dependent suppression of CFU growth was observed at ratios ranging from 0.25/1 to 0.5/1. Addition of neutralizing antibodies against IL3 and GM‐CSF abrogate the stimulating effect of NK cells.
Faithful Model Inversion Substantially Improves Auto-encoding Variational Inference

In learning deep generative models, the encoder for variational inference is typically formed in an ad hoc manner with a structure and parametrization analogous to the forward model. Our chief insight is that this results in coarse approximations to the posterior, and that the d-separation properties of the BN structure of the forward model should be used, in a principled way, to produce ones that are faithful to the posterior, for which we introduce the novel Compact Minimal I-map (CoMI) algorithm. Applying our method to common models reveals that standard encoder design choices lack many important edges, and through experiments we demonstrate that modelling these edges is important for optimal learning. We show how using a faithful encoder is crucial when modelling with continuous relaxations of categorical distributions.
Insomniacs' perception of wake instead of sleep.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To establish if insomniacs' underestimation of sleep time is due to reduced ability to discriminate between sleeping and waking states. DESIGN Two night's home polysomnography were compared to sleep diaries. Five laboratory nights employed a series of recorded questions regarding perception of prior sleep-wake state, which were presented during sustained wake and interrupted Stage 2 and REM sleep. SETTING Sleep laboratory and participants' homes. PARTICIPANTS Fourteen insomniacs were compared to 8 good sleepers. Mean age for both groups was 58 years. INTERVENTIONS N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS A signal detection theory analysis was applied to participants' responses to questions presented overnight in the laboratory concerning judgement of prior sleep-wake state and confidence in their decision. Insomniacs had reduced sleep-wake discriminability in addition to a greater bias toward reporting prior wakefulness in the laboratory compared to good sleepers. These measures correlated significantly with the degree of underestimation of total sleep and overestimation of wake recorded at home. CONCLUSIONS Insomniacs' underestimation of total sleep time is the product of prior sleep being misperceived as wake time upon awakening overnight. This misperception may play a role in the perpetuation of insomnia.
FREE FATTY ACIDS PROFILING IN RESPONSE TO CARNITINE SYNERGIZE WITH LUTEIN IN DIABETIC RATS

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the fatty acids profiling in diabetic rats induced by sterptozocine (STZ) and their response to administration of lutein and carnitine. Materials and methods: Ninety male albino rats were divided into 6 groups as follows: Normal control. The remaining rats were injected i.p a single dose of STZ (65 mg /kg bw) for induction of diabetes. Diabetic rats were grouped as: GP II: (Untreated): GP III: Rats were given orally with L-lutein (100 mg/kg bw). GP IV: Rats were given carnitine (30 μg/kg) i.p. GP V: Rats were given carnitine and lutein GP VI were given metformin (100mg/kg bw/d) for 6 weeks. Results: Treatment of diabetic rats with lutein, L-carnitine, combined decreased the levels of glucose, HA1C compared with untreated diabetic (p<0.001). Administration of L-lutein, carnitine, combined to normal rats significantly decreased the levels of myristic, palmitice, palmitoleic, stearic, linoleic, α-linolenic, arachidic and eicosadienoic when compared with control normal rats (p<0.001). Conclusion: Abnormalities of fatty acids composition was observed in diabetic rats. Combination treatment with lutein and carnitine could ameliorate deleterious effect induced by STZ and attenuate the changed fatty acid composition
Preferential apoptosis of CD56dim natural killer cell subset in patients with cancer

Natural killer (NK) cells (CD56+/CD3–) in the circulation of cancer patients were reported to have low NK activity and undergo spontaneous apoptosis. A possible relationship between apoptosis and impaired NK activity was studied by Annexin V‐binding and NK‐cell assays performed with peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with head and neck cancer (HNC), breast cancer (BC) and normal controls (NC). Cells stained with Annexin V (Anx) and antibodies to CD56, CD3, CD95, CD25, CD122 or CD132 were examined by flow cytometry. NK activity was tested against K562 targets in 4‐h 51Cr‐release assays. The ratio of CD56dim/CD56bright NK cells was significantly different in patients vs. controls (10 vs. 16; p<0.01). A significantly greater percentage of CD56dim NK cells bound Anx in HNC patients (27±17%, median ± SD) or BC (46±18%) than in NC (15±18%, p<0.04and p<0.0002, respectively). CD56dim NK cells were preferentially targeted for apoptosis. NK activity was significantly lower in patients with HNC and BC than in NC (p<0.009). An inverse correlation between NK activity and the percent of Anx+CD56dim NK cells was observed in cancer patients (p =0.002) but not in NC. In patients, circulating CD56dim NK cells were targeted for apoptosis, leading to low levels of NK activity.
Sulforaphane Attenuates Muscle Inflammation in Dystrophin-deficient mdx Mice via NF-E2-related Factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated Inhibition of NF-κB Signaling Pathway*

Background: Sulforaphane attenuates inflammation in different tissues via activation of Nrf2. Results: Sulforaphane-induced Nrf2 ameliorates muscle inflammation in mdx mice and inhibits NF-κB signaling pathway. Conclusion: Sulforaphane-mediated Nrf2 mitigates muscle inflammation in mdx mice via inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway. Significance: Nrf2 may represent a new and promising therapeutic target for dystrophic muscle inflammation. Inflammation is widely distributed in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and ultimately leads to progressive deterioration of muscle function with chronic muscle damage, oxidative stress, and reduced oxidative capacity. NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a critical role in defending against inflammation in different tissues via activation of phase II enzyme heme oxygenase-1 and inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. However, the role of Nrf2 in the inflammation of dystrophic muscle remains unknown. To determine whether Nrf2 may counteract inflammation in dystrophic muscle, we treated 4-week-old male mdx mice with the Nrf2 activator sulforaphane (SFN) by gavage (2 mg/kg of body weight/day) for 4 weeks. The experimental results demonstrated that SFN treatment increased the expression of muscle phase II enzyme heme oxygenase-1 in an Nrf2-dependent manner. Inflammation in mice was reduced by SFN treatment as indicated by decreased infiltration of immune cells and expression of the inflammatory cytokine CD45 and proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 in the skeletal muscles of mdx mice. In addition, SFN treatment also decreased the expression of NF-κB(p65) and phosphorylated IκB kinase-α as well as increased inhibitor of κB-α expression in mdx mice in an Nrf2-dependent manner. Collectively, these results show that SFN-induced Nrf2 can alleviate muscle inflammation in mdx mice by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway.
[Involvement of EGF receptor and PI3K in ICAM-1 expression in human airway epithelial cells exposed to zinc sulfate].

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of zinc sulfate on the expression of intercellular adhension molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and underlying mechanisms. METHODS A human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) was treated with zinc sulfate. The expression of ICAM-1 mRNA and protein and activation of epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) and PI3K was determined using PCR and immunoblotting. RESULTS Zinc sulfate stimulation induced overexpression of ICAM-1 mRNA and protein. Under the same experimental condition, exposure to zinc sulfate increased phosphorylatihon of EGFR and Akt, the downstream kinase of PI3K. Pretreatment of BEAS-2B cells with the EGFR inhibitor PD153035 and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 significantly blocked zinc sulfate-induced ICAM-1 expression, CONCLUSION Zinc sulfate stimulation could activate the EGFR and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, further leading to upregulation of ICAM-1 expression.
Hsp60 expression, new locations, functions, and perspectives for cancer diagnosis and therapy

Hsp60 in eukaryotes is considered typically a mitochondrial chaperone (also called Cpn60) but in the last few years it has become clear that it also occurs in the cytosol, the cell surface, the extracellular space, and in the peripheral blood. Studies with prokaryotic models have shown that Hsp60 plays a role in assisting nascent polypeptides to reach a native conformation, and that it interacts with Hsp10 (which also resides in the mitochondria and is also named Cpn10). In addition to its role in polypeptide folding in association with Hsp10, other functions and interacting molecules have been identified for Hsp60 in the last several years. Some of these newly identified functions are associated with carcinogenesis, specifically with tumor cell survival and proliferation. Thus, assessing the levels of Hsp60 in tumor cells and in sera of cancer patients is becoming an attractive area of investigation aiming at the development of means for practical applications in clinical oncology. Since Hsp60 participates in extracellular molecular interactions and cell signalling and also in key intracellular pathways of some types of tumor cells, the idea of using Hsp60 in anti-cancer therapy (chaperonotherapy) is being investigated. The Hsp could be used either as an anticancer agent alone or in combination with tumor antigens, or as target for anti-chaperone compounds. In this article, a brief review is presented of representative research efforts aimed at assessing Hsp60 in a variety of tumors with the purpose of illustrating possible implications and applications for making early and differential diagnoses, assessing prognosis, monitoring response to treatment, and for developing novel anti-cancer strategies.
Sublethal Effects of Imidacloprid on Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Under Laboratory Conditions

ABSTRACT The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is one of the most important pests in tropical and subtropical agriculture and is a key pest in greenhouse production worldwide. Current management of B. tabaci relies upon frequent applications of insecticides. Insecticide use not only directly affects pest populations through acute toxicity but also has indirect (sublethal) effects on pest physiology or behavior. In this study, we described sublethal effects of imidacloprid on adult feeding, immature development, adult fecundity, and F1 development of B. tabaci. Honeydew excretion of adults feeding on leaves treated with LC20 and LC40 concentration was significantly lower than that on untreated leaf discs. Egg production of B. tabaci adults subject to LC20 and LC40 concentrations also was less than untreated individuals. Upon transfer to untreated leaves, honeydew excretion and egg production recovered well within 24 and 48 h, respectively. Exposure to LC20 and LC40 concentrations significantly affected developmental time of B. tabaci eggs and nymphs, whereas it did not affect adult molting rate. We did not find sublethal effects on longevity and fecundity of B. tabaci adults when exposed to LC20 and LC40 concentrations for 24 h, and on egg hatching rate, nymphal mortality, and molting rate of the subsequent F1 generation. Exposure to imidacloprid at LC40 concentration significantly decreased the number of females in the F1 generation. Imidacloprid negatively affects development and reproduction of exposed individuals, and sex ratio of subsequent (F1) generation of B. tabaci, which probably disrupts B. tabaci population dynamics, slows population increase, and reduces infestation levels. Therefore, it is necessary to consider potential impact from imidacloprid for integrated management of the pest.
Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 4 Regulates Two Wnt7a Signaling Pathways and Inhibits Proliferation in Endometrial Cancer Cells

In the endometrium, hormonal effects on epithelial cells are often elicited through stromal hormone receptors via unknown paracrine mechanisms. Several lines of evidence support the hypothesis that Wnts participate in stromal-epithelial cell communication. Wnt7a is expressed in the luminal epithelium, whereas the extracellular modulator of Wnt signaling, secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4), is localized to the stroma. Studies have reported that SFRP4 expression is significantly decreased in endometrial carcinoma and that both SFRP4 and Wnt7a genes are differentially regulated in response to estrogenic stimuli. Aberrant Wnt7a signaling irrevocably causes organ defects and infertility and contributes to the onset of disease. However, specific frizzled receptors (Fzd) that bind Wnt7a and the particular signal transduction pathway each Wnt7a-Fzd pair activates have not been identified. Additionally, the function of SFRP4 in the endometrium has not been addressed. We show here that Wnt7a coimmunoprecipitates with Fzd5, Fzd10, and SFRP4 in Ishikawa cells. Wnt7a binding to Fzd5 was shown to activate β-catenin/canonical Wnt signaling and increase cellular proliferation. Conversely, Wnt7a signaling mediated by Fzd10 induced a noncanonical c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase–responsive pathway. SFRP4 suppresses activation of Wnt7a signaling in both an autocrine and paracrine manner. Stable overexpression of SFRP4 and treatment with recombinant SFRP4 protein inhibited endometrial cancer cell growth in vitro. These findings support a mechanism by which the nature of the Wnt7a signal in the endometrium is dependent on the Fzd repertoire of the cell and can be regulated by SFRP4. (Mol Cancer Res 2008;6(6):1017–28)
Lesion Burden and Cognitive Morbidity in Children With Sickle Cell Disease

The effect of increased tissue injury in children with sickle cell disease and silent cerebral infarcts is not known. We determined the relationship between the extent of injury and IQ scores in children with silent cerebral infarcts. Participants were 27 children with sickle cell disease who had received magnetic resonance imaging. Children were divided into three groups: group 1, small lesion volume ( n = 9, < 6.8 cm3); group 2, large lesion volume (n = 9; > 6.8 cm3); and group 3, no cerebral infarcts (n = 9). The Wechsler Full-Scale IQ was significantly lower for group 2 (mean = 76.1) when compared with group 1 (mean = 87.7) or group 3 (mean = 89.9). In children with silent cerebral infarcts, large tissue loss is associated with lower Wechsler Full-Scale IQ and small tissue loss is associated with no apparent change in IQ compared with children with no cerebral infarcts. The progressive accumulation of silent infarcts may lead to poorer intellectual functioning. (J Child Neurol 2002; 17: 890—894).
Active CMOS biochip for time-resolved fluorescence detection

This paper describes the design of an active CMOS biosensor array for fluorescence-based assays which enables time-gated, time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The array is sensitive to photon densities as low as 1.15 /spl times/ 10/sup 8//cm/sup 2/, has a dynamic range of over 74 dB, and has sub-nanosecond timing resolution. High sensitivity is achieved through subsampling and averaging.
Coherence and Misunderstanding in Everyday Conversations

En se basant sur un corpus d'italien parle, les As. examinent une cause frequente de coherence perturbee : les malentendus conversationnels. Ils peuvent se manifester de deux manieres differentes, soit par un decalage entre l'intention du locuteur et l'interpretation de l'interlocuteur, soit par une non prise de conscience du malentendu par l'interlocuteur. Les deux types de malentendu conduisent a un point dans la conversation ou la coherence n'est plus suffisamment negociee et donc s'effondre. La detection d'un tel non alignement de l'interpretation conduit a differents types de comportements de reparation qui convergent vers le retablissement de la coherence partagee. Les As. soulignent que le malentendu qui conduit a une perturbation de la coherence depend des participants et, en tant que telle, n'est pas une notion bien definie et est ouverte a la negociation
Treatment Outlines for the Management of the Somatoform Disorders

The Quality Assurance Project is developing explicit and detailed treatment outlines for each of the major psychiatric disorders. Three sources of information are used: the treatment outcome literature, the opinions of a sample of practising psychiatrists and the views of a panel of nominated experts. The recommendations for the treatment of somatoform disorders were as follows: brief dynamic psychotherapy, family therapy and excellent medical consultation are the basis for the treatment of hypochondriasis. Limited long-term supportive psychotherapy and good medical consultation are important in somatization disorder. Symptom relief, psychotherapeutic support and meticulous collaboration with physicians are the keys to managing psychogenic pain disorder. Physiotherapy to improve physical functioning and patient education to facilitate the distinction between normal symptoms and abnormal illness behaviours are important in all three conditions. Neither the benzodiazepines nor behaviour therapy appear to be of use in these conditions.