Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strain differences in embryonic and early chick growth

The e x t e n t t o w h i c h egg w e i g h t m o d i f i e s g e n e t i c d i f f e r e n c e s i n bodyw e i g h t o f t h e embryo and c h i c k and t h e c o r r e l a t i o n between embryonic growth r a t e and p o s t h a t c h i n g g r o w th r a t e were i n v e s t i g a t e d . T h i s was done b y s t u d y i n g t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p s between (l) egg w e i g h t and body w e i g h t o f embryo and c h i c k ; (2) s t r a i n and body w e i g h t o f embryo and c h i c k ; (3) s t r a i n and p e r c e n t a g e growth r a t e o f embryo and c h i c k ; and (k) t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p between emb r y o n i c g r o w t h r a t e and p o s t h a t c h i n g growth r a t e . T h i s s t u d y was c o n d u c t e d on f i v e s t r a i n s and one s t r a i n c r o s s . Two o f t h e s t r a i n s were b r e d f o r meat, (White P l y m o u t h Rock and White C o r n i s h ) ; two were b r e d f o r h i g h egg p r o d u c t i o n , (White L e g h o r n s ) ; and one was an i n t e r m e d i a t e t y p e , (White-New H a m p s h i r e ) . The s t r a i n c r o s s was d e r i v e d f r o m m a t i n g males o f one White L e g h o r n s t r a i n w i t h f e m a l e s o f t h e o t h e r . I n d i v i d u a l egg w e i g h t s were r e c o r d e d f o r o v e r 2,200 eggs. Between n i n e and e i g h t e e n embryos o f each c a t e g o r y were we i g h e d f r o m each o f two i n c u b a t o r s f r o m t h e n i n t h t o t h e e i g h t e e n t h day o f i n c u b a t i o n . Between f i f t e e n and t h i r t y t h r e e c h i c k s o f each c a t e g o r y were we i g h e d a t h a t c h i n g and a t w e e k l y i n t e r v a l s f o r t h r e e weeks. A n a l y s e s o f v a r i a n c e o f embryonic w e i g h t s , c h i c k w e i g h t s , and embryo n i c o r c h i c k w e i g h t s e x p r e s s e d as p e r c e n t a g e s o f egg w e i g h t were done. A n a l y s e s o f v a r i a n c e were a l s o done on embryonic and p o s t h a t c h i n g g r o w th r a t e s . C o e f f i c i e n t s o f c o r r e l a t i o n ( r ) between egg w e i g h t and embryonic o r c h i c k w e i g h t and a l s o c o e f f i c i e n t s o f r e g r e s s i o n o f c h i c k w e i g h t on egg w e i g h t were computed. The c o r r e l a t i o n between embryonic and p o s t h a t c h i n g growth r a t e s was e s t i m a t e d .
Integrating Literacy and Science in Biology: Teaching and Learning Impacts of Reading Apprenticeship Professional Development

This study examined the effects of professional development integrating academic literacy and biology instruction on science teachers? instructional practices and students? achievement in science and literacy. The intervention consisted of 10 days of professional development in Reading Apprenticeship, an instructional framework integrating metacognitive inquiry routines into subject-area instruction to make explicit the tacit reasoning processes, problem-solving strategies, and textual features that shape literacy practices in academic disciplines. The study utilized a group-randomized, experimental design and multiple measures of teacher implementation and student learning and targeted groups historically unrepresented in the sciences. Hierarchical linear modeling procedures were used to estimate program impacts. Intervention teachers demonstrated increased support for science literacy learning and use of metacognitive inquiry routines, reading comprehension instruction, and collaborative learning structures compared to controls. Students in treatment classrooms performed better than controls on state standardized assessments in English language arts, reading comprehension, and biology.
Influence of vitamins on the prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in boars under the conditions of heat stress

The intensity of reproduction of the live-stock of pigs largely depends on environmental factors, in particular fluctuations in indoor temperature, which is often seasonal. It was found out the fact that in the summer with a long rise in temperature it is worsened the quality of sperm in boars, which is accompanied by a decrease in the fertility of sperm, and in multiplicity and large foetus fertility of sows. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of antioxidant vitamins on the prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in blood of boars under the conditions of heat stress. In the study it was used the adult boars of the Large White breed. The duration of the experiment was 120 days, including: preparatory one is 30 days, basic one is 60 days (feeding vitamin A, vitamin E, ascorbic acid) and final one is 30 days. In the main period of the experiment, the diet of animals in the control group remained unchanged, and it was for two experimental ones with the addition of vitamin A, vitamin E and ascorbic acid. The level of biologically active components in the diet of the experimental groups was higher by 10 % and 20 % compared with the control group. In the received blood samples it has been determined the state of prooxidant-antioxidant state. It has been determined that housing boars in conditions of increased temperature is accompanied by the acceleration of peroxidation processes and the depletion of the antioxidant defense system in blood. The introduction of a vitamin supplement in the feed mixture to boars significantly changes the state of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in this tissue depending on the amount of additionally fed vitamins with antioxidant action. The addition of these biologically active substances by 10 % above the norm after 60 days of feeding increases the content of vitamin A (P < 0.05), vitamin E (P < 0.05), reduced glutathione and slows down the processes of peroxidation – reducing the concentration of diene conjugates (P < 0.01) and TBA-active complexes. Feeding vitamins with antioxidant action in the feed mixture is 20 % more than the norm for boars, compared with the control group, after a month of the use, inhibits peroxidation processes. Two months of using these compounds probably reduced the number of diene conjugates (P < 0.01) and TBA-active complexes. It is accompanied by an increase in the content of low molecular weight antioxidants – vitamin A (P < 0.01), vitamin E (P < 0.05) and ascorbic acid, the level of which is maintained for at least a month after their use.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES TOMOGRAPHY BASED ON LINEAR INTEGRAL EQUATION DERIVED FROM THE GENERALIZED CAUCHY FORMULA

Magnetic resonance electrical properties tomography has attracted attentions as an imaging modality for reconstructing the electrical properties (EPs), namely conductivity and permittivity, of biological tissues. Current reconstruction algorithms assume that EPs are locally homogeneous, which results in the so-called tissue transition-region artifact. We previously proposed a reconstruction algorithm based on a Dbar equation that governed electric fields. The representation formula of its solution was given by the generalized Cauchy formula. Although this method gives an explicit reconstruction formula of EPs when two-dimensional approximation holds, an iterative procedure is required to deal with three-dimensional problems, and the convergence of this method is not guaranteed. In this paper, we extend our previous method to derive an explicit reconstruction formula of EPs that is effective even when the magnetic field and EPs vary along the body axis. The proposed method solves a linear system of equation derived from the generalized Cauchy formula using the conjugate gradient method with fast Fourier transform algorithm instead of directly performing a forward calculation, as was done in our previous method. Numerical simulations with cylinder and human-head models and phantom experiments show that the proposed method can reconstruct EPs precisely without iteration even in the three-dimensional case.
Simulating Strict Priority Queueing, Weighted Round Robin, and Weighted Fair Queueing with NS-3

—Strict priority queueing, weighted fair queueing, and weighted round robin are amongst the most popular differentiated service queueing disciplines widely used in practice to ensure quality of service for speciﬁc types of trafﬁc. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of these three methods in Network Simulator 3 (ns-3). ns-3 is a discrete event network simulator designed to simulate the behavior of computer networks and internet systems. Utilizing our implementations will provide users with the opportunity to research new solutions to existing problems that were previously not available to solve with the existing tools. We believe the ease of conﬁguration and use of our modules will make them attractive tools for further research. By comparing the behavior of our modules with expected outcomes derived from the theoretical behavior of each queueing algorithm, we were able to verify the correctness of our implementation in an extensive set of experiments. These implementations can be used by the research community to investigate new properties and applications of differentiated service queueing.
Is plant collecting in Germany coming to an end?

Abstract: We analysed plant collecting in Germany between 1826 and 2014 by counting specimens of common, rare, and invasive species deposited in the herbaria of Munich during that period. Plant collecting increased in the late 1940s and continued until the mid-1980s, but has since declined to levels similar to 1900. In spite of the decline in collecting, the number of specimens of invasive species has strongly increased. The only other attempt to analyse botanical collecting in a large European region, an analysis of botanical recording in the British Isles 1836 to 1988, did not find a decline by the mid-1980s. For the United States, an analysis of collecting between the 1890s and 1999 found that it peaked in the 1930s. Museum time-series (representing the same species collected at different times) have been integral to identifying temporal responses to environmental change, for example, changed flowering times in response to an earlier onset of spring and the change of a region's floristic composition. A possible way to combat the likely loss of time-series in European herbaria is for collection personal to engage with biology teachers at high schools and universities to encourage the collecting of local plants as part of courses in the life sciences. Citation: Renner S. S. & Rockinger A. 2016: Is plant collecting in Germany coming to an end? — Willdenowia 46: 93–97. doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.3372/wi.46. 46106 Version of record first published online on 25 March 2016 ahead of inclusion in April 2016 issue.
Plant Regeneration and Thiophene Production in Hairy Root Cultures of Rudbeckia hirta L. Used as an Antagonistic Plant to Nematodes

In Rudbeckia hirta L. , an antagonistic plant to nematodes, hairy roots were induced by infection with a wild strain (A-5) of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Hairy roots cultured in half-strength MS agar medium without phytohormones showed vigorous growth and extensive lateral branching. Mikimopine (opine) was detected in the extract of hairy root by paper electrophoresis. Adventitious shoots were induced on the surface of hairy roots after 30 to 50 days of transfer to half-strength MS agar medium supplemented with BAP at 0.5-10.0 mg/l. The highest frequency of shoot formation was obtained at 0.5 or 1.0 mg/l BAP in combination with 0.1mg/l NAA. Plants regenerated from hairy roots showed morphological alterations such as wrinkled leaves, small size of flowers and abundant lateral branching of roots. A nematocidal compound, α-terthienyl, was detected in the extract from lateral roots of the regenerant.
Tourism Supply TERRITORIAL INTENSIVE PRODUCTS AND QUALITY TOURISM EXPERIENCES

Tourism appears characterized by a change in the motivations and behaviours within tourist experiences. In fact, tourists show an increasing interest for all those forms of experimental tourism that permit to rediscover the sense of identity and the authenticity of places by participation to the host people’s daily life. In this scenario, there is a great interest regarding the use of typical products in formulating di! erent types of tourist packages and excursions as well as supporting tourism development and promotion. Typical products may be de"ned as ‘territorial intensive products’(TIPs), since they contain a strong reference to the territory in which they are produced. They establish a local community and its identity. They are also a marketing vehicle for a geographic area and its cultural heritage. This paper discusses this topic, in order to emphasize the importance of the TIPs in helping to develop integrated relational tourism in rural areas of the Mediterranean countries, o! ering tourists quality tourism experiences in terms of sustainability and authenticity. The article considers wine tourism as an example of a tourism product created around TIPs. The paper concludes that the key factor for assuring a quality tourism experience at the destination is the participation of the local community in planning and managing tourism supply. In fact, host communities and local stakeholders are integral part of tourism experience, in#uencing its quality.
Orange Carotenoid Protein (OCP): A Key Player in Non-photochemical Quenching of Cyanobacteria under Fluctuating Light Condition

Fluctuating light condition poses major threat to photosynthetic organisms by evoking the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To endure the high irradiance level, plants and algae have evolved a photo-protective mechanism, referred as non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). This mechanism concerns with minimizing arrival of the excess excitation energy on reaction centers by dissipating surplus energy in form of harmless heat. Earlier cyanobacteria were not considered to capable of performing NPQ. Alternatively, state transition was supposed to be the major means that cyanobacteria preferably carried out to be protected under high light. Recently it was substantiated with evidence that these organisms can execute NPQ as a prominent photo-protective strategy. NPQ in cyanobacteria is mediated by a water soluble orange carotenoid protein (OCP) which is structurally and functionally modular. OCP consists of two domains (i) N-terminal domain (NTD) and (ii) C-terminal domain (CTD) with a single carotenoid as a chromophore spanning symmetrically in both domains. Blue-green or strong white light induces conversion of OCP from an inactive orange state (OCPO) to active red state (OCPR). Active form of OCP (OCPR) binds to core of light harvesting antenna complex, phycobilisome (PBS), where it quenches fluorescence and assists in dissipation of excess energy by non-radiative pathway. Prior to prevent wasteful quenching of fluorescence under light starvation, another protein named fluorescence recovery protein (FRP) partakes in decoupling OCPR from PBS and accelerates conversion of OCPR state back to OCPO state.
Isolation of Listeria species and characterization of Listeria monocytogenes from a ready-to-eat seafood processing facility in British Columbia : examination of source, persistence, and risk

ii! Preface . iii! Table of contents . iv! List of tables. x! List of figures . xii! List of abbreviations . xiv! Acknowledgements . xvi! Dedication . xvii! Chapter 1: Literature review and research overview . 1! 1.1! Foodborne disease and food safety in Canada . 1! 1.1.1! L. monocytogenes, listeriosis, and food safety in British Columbia . 2! 1.2! Overview of L. monocytogenes . 2! 1.2. 1! Characteristics and classification of L. monocytogenes . 2! 1.2. 2! Distribution of L. monocytogenes . 5! 1.3! Foodborne transmission of L. monocytogenes . 7! 1.3. 1! Ready-to-eat foods and L. monocytogenes . 7! 1.3. 2! L. monocytogenes contamination and the food processing environment . 9! 1.3. 3! L. monocytogenes control policies and regulations . 11! 1.4! Persistence of L. monocytogenes in the food processing environment . 14! 1.4. 1! L. monocytogenes surface adherence and biofilm formation . 16! 1.4. 1.1! Overview of biofilms . 16! 1.4. 1.2! Characteristics of L. monocytogenes biofilms . 17!
Participation in environmental conservation and protected area management in Romania: A review of three case studies

SUMMARY Since the collapse of Central and Eastern Europe's communist regimes in the early 1990s, the ensuing environmental, social and economic changes have permitted development of new forms of multi-level governance. However, a coherent participatory approach to environmental conservation is yet to emerge. This review examines the changing approaches in environmental conservation and protected area governance in Romania during the country's pre-communist, communist, transition and current European Union eras. Three case examples are examined in depth to assess how changing environmental governance is playing out in practice in Natura 2000 sites, in a national park, and on privately owned (unprotected) forest land. Similar to other countries in Central and Eastern Europe, Romania's environmental governance practices still face substantial challenges in consolidating an inclusive and integrated approach to environmental governance and conservation. A lack of historical involvement of communities in decision making, reluctance within government to drive forward more inclusive environmental governance approaches, and a lack of non-governmental organizations focusing on environmental conservation, have resulted in slow progress towards more inclusive environmental governance. Civil society and solutions for institutionalizing participation across all levels of governance are needed to reorient environmental governance towards a more inclusive and multi-stakeholder approach that better links economic, social and environmental objectives.
Developing a Kalman filter approach to home range estimation: Applied to the Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus)

Accurate estimation of an animal's home range, or utilization distribution, is of great importance to understanding the animal's role in the ecosystem, and for effective population management. Current methods for home range estimation often do not incorporate uncertainty in the observations of monitored animals. Given days without observations, they also have the potential to omit migration corridors when describing important habitat. Here the Extended Kalman filter is modified to return daily predicted geolocations, creating a most probable estimation of the true path the observed animal followed. Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods were used to map the uncertainty in this path to create a probability of use distribution, representing the animal's utilization distribution. The modified method was applied to Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) observed using pop-off satellite archival tags with light-based geolocation. The home range estimation technique developed can be used for any animal with a time-series of locations.
GeospatialVR: A web-based virtual reality framework for collaborative environmental simulations

This research introduces GeospatialVR, an open-source collaborative virtual reality framework to dynamically create 3D real-world environments that can be served on any web platform and accessed via desktop and mobile devices and virtual reality headsets. The framework can generate realistic simulations of desired locations entailing the terrain, elevation model, infrastructures, dynamic visualizations (e.g. water and fire simulation), and information layers (e
Root-zone heating at a night air temperature of 8°C does not decrease starch accumulation in Chrysanthemum morifolium

Summary To study whether root-zone heating during cold nights could increase root growth and nutrient uptake, plants of Chrysanthemum morifolium were grown in nutrient solution cultures at a day temperature (DT) of 20°C, and four combinations of night air temperatures (NAT) and night root-zone temperatures (NRT) in a controlled climate chamber experiment. The NAT/NRT temperatures of the four treatments were 8°/8°C, 8°/20°C, 20°/8°C and 20°/20ºC, respectively. Plants grown at 8°C NAT had increased starch accumulation in the leaves, which explained the increase in leaf dry matter (DM), and which occurred at the expense of stem and root DM. Furthermore, plants grown at 8°C NAT had fewer leaves, reduced leaf area, and shorter stems. Root-zone heating of plants grown at 8°C NAT, did not affect total leaf number, or leaf area, but the root length increased. However, this had no effect on NO3- uptake. Furthermore, root-zone heating did not reduce leaf starch accumulation and the increase in leaf DM. The present results do not support the hypothesis that root-zone heating in chrysanthemum can be used to increase root demand for carbohydrates, and increase the export of carbohydrates from leaves at night, when the night air temperature is 8ºC.
Topical Review

Gastric HCl secretion by the parietal cell involves the secretagogue‐regulated re‐cycling of the H+–K+‐ATPase at the apical membrane. The trafficking of the H+–K+‐ATPase and the remodelling of the apical membrane during this process are likely to involve the co‐ordination of the function of vesicular trafficking machinery and the cytoskeleton. This review summarizes the progress made in the identification and characterization of components of the vesicular trafficking machinery that are associated with the H+–K+‐ATPase and of components of the actin‐based cytoskeleton that are associated with the apical membrane of the parietal cell. Since many of these proteins are also expressed at the apical pole of other epithelial cells, the parietal cell may represent a model system to characterize the protein‐ protein interactions that regulate apical membrane trafficking in many other epithelial cells.
Population growth parameters of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, on three peach varieties, in Iran

The two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae Koch is one of the most important pests of peach trees in Iran. The reproduction, survival, and life table parameters of TSSM on three peach cultivars: Redtap, G.H. Hale and Kardi, were studied at 27 +/- 1 °C, 50 +/- 10 % RH and a photoperiod of 12L:12D. The average developmental time from egg to female adult on the cultivars was 10.3 +/- 0.303, 9.431 +/- 0.176 and 9.9 +/- 0.166, respectively. Intrinsic rates of increase (rm) were 0.07 +/- 0.02, 0.21 +/- 0.01 and 0.18 +/- 0.008, respectively. Based on some biological and demographic parameters of T. urticae on the different peach varieties, along with the significant differences between Redtap and the other 2 varieties, it was concluded that the Redtap variety is not as suitable a host as the other two varieties.
Photoinduced cleavage of plasmid DNA in the presence of pterin

Summary The photoinduced cleavage of plasmid DNA by UV -A light in the presence of pterin was investigated. Electrophoretic analysis of the irradiated plasmid pUCI8 in the presence of pterin showed that UV light of 350 nm induced the transformation of a significant proportion of the supercoiled plasmid to its relaxed form. A minor proportion of plasmid forms are also converted to the linear plasmid isomer at the longer irradiation times. All these transformations during irradiation can be observed in the absorption spectrum of DNA as function of time. Such spectral modifications correlated with the extent and the kinetics of plasmid relaxation, but not with the appearance of the linear plasmid. None of the exchanges were operative without the irradiation with UV-A light. Control experiments with pterin or plasmid DNA irradiated separately, showed no photochemical changes. Results taken together suggest that the observed changes in the supercoiled plasmid as well as the spectral modifications both derive from the generation of single-strand break in the DNA.