Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RAMET BEHAVIOUR AND POPULATION GROWTH IN THE CLONAL HERB POTENTILLA ANSERINA

SUMMARY (1) Potentilla anserina is a stoloniferous plant in which the daughter ramets become independent during their first year of life. Ramets of P. anserina behave in four different ways. They may be inactive, flowering only, stolon-producing only, or both flowering and stolon-producing. The relationships between ramet size and type of behaviour, and transition probabilities between behavioural states during four successive years were derived from a field study of P. anserina on a Baltic seashore meadow. (2) Ramet behaviour and mortality were significantly size related. The results suggest that flowers and stolons are initiated when the physiological condition of ramets has reached some internal resource threshold. The size relationships form the basis for inferring phenotypically-expressed costs of different behaviour patterns from transition probabilities. (3) Several transition probabilities varied significantly between years, but some patterns of variation emerged. Inactive ramets which changed behaviour usually became 'flowering only' next year. There were no indications that reproduction per se incurred any costs for ramets. Flowering ramets had the greatest probability of flowering the following year. In contrast, stolon production had negative consequences both for survivorship and for future reproduction of ramets. (4) Simulations of a matrix model yielded different population growth rates (1 05, 0 91 and 0-68) during the study years. Simulated stable state distributions differed from the observed ones, which also varied significantly between years. Population growth rate was most sensitive to alterations in transitions from inactive to stoloniferous ramets, but these transitions are not common in the real population. Elasticity analysis revealed that growth rate instead depends mainly on survivorship of inactive ramets, and transitions from ramets which were flowering only. In addition, population growth rate depends much more on vegetative propagation than on seed reproduction. (5) The relevance of behavioural variation among ramets for genets and populations are further discussed. Behavioural variation among ramets appears to reflect both environmental variation, e.g. in resource availability, and cost relations for different behaviour patterns. The distribution of ramet behaviour patterns is an important aspect of the properties of genets, and thereby also of interpretations of life-history variation among clonal plants.
MapReduce processing challenges in cloud environment

MapReduce is a programming model, proposed by Google initially to process large datasets. It consist of two components Map and Reduce motivated from functional languages e.g. Lisp and Haskell. To achieve desirable result programs task is to define and implement Map and Reduce functions. Map and Reduce should describe the logic encapsulated in both components to achieve desirable result. There are various big data based operations e.g. culling, highlighting, indexing, searching, faceting. It impossible for a single node machine to manage and process such a huge data. Map Reduce regarded as an important function to tackle continuous increasing demands of computing resources required for processing big data sets. MapReduce highly scalability nature permits parallel and distributed processing on multiple computing nodes. This paper talks about MapReduce usages in cloud computing and motivate its use for big data processing into cloud heterogeneous environment
Anther-filament Extension in Lilium: Potassium lon Movement and Some Anatomical Features

The growth of the anther filaments in the Lilium bud is essentially exponential after a length of 5 mm is reached, when the cell division rate declines and growth is by cell extension, particularly of cells in the central part of the filament. During the period of extension, fresh vascular tissue is formed and xylem continuity is conserved up to the time of anther dehiscence, in contrast to the Graminae where the filament extends much more rapidly. The expansion of the lily filament depends in part on the continuous transfer of potassium ions from the receptacle throughout the period of growth. Although starch to sugar conversion may be an important source of osmoticum as the cells expand, regulation of K+ ion movement would be likely to provide a more sensitive and faster method of regulation of cell osmoticum.
Neuroanesthesia and intensive care medicine: Cerebral ischemia

patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Anesthesiology 1989: 71: 16-25. 17. Roewer N, Bednarz F, K O C ~ R E et al. Intraoperative Bestimmung des Herzzeitvolumens mit der transosophagealen gepulsten Doppler-Echokardiographie. Anaesthesist 1988: 37 345-355. 18. Darmon PL, Hillel Z , Mogtader A et al. Cardiac output by transesophageal echocardiography using continuous-wave Doppler across the aortic valve. Anesthesiology 1994: 80: 796805. 19. Gorcsan 111 J, Gasior TA, Mandarin0 WA et al. On-line estimation of changes in left ventricular stroke volume by transesophageal echocardiographic automated border detection in patients undergoing coronary artery bapass grafting. A m J Curdiol 1993: 7 2 721-727. 20. Mcconnell MV, Solomon SD, Rayan ME et al. Regional right ventricular dysfunction detected by echocardiography in acute pulmonary embolism. A m J Cardiol 1996 78 469473. 21. Steiner P, Lund GK, Debatin JF et al. Acute pulmonary embolism: value of transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography in comparison with helical CT. A m J Roentgenol
Reexamination of the taxonomic disposition of and deoxynivalenol production by Fusarium nivale NRRL 3289

Many strains and species of Fusarium produce mycotoxins that have been implicated in an? imal and human disease. Identification of Fu? sarium strains can be quite difficult and because of this, toxin production has occasionally been attributed to incorrectly identified strains. Mara? sas et al. (1984) reexamined many toxigenic strains of Fusarium to establish their correct identity. Their reassessment showed that some reported toxigenic species produce no toxins. Among these was Fusarium nivale which was recently transferred to Microdochium nivale (Samuels and Hallett, 1983; Gams, 1989). Mar? asas et al. (1984) were able to exclude trichoth? ecene toxin formation from M. nivale with the exception of one strain, NRRL 3289, which was reported to produce a low level of deoxyniva? lenol (DON, vomitoxin) (1 Mg/g) on corn (Vesonder et al, 1981). Strain NRRL 3289 does not preserve by lyophilization, as noted by Vesonder et al (1981) and, thus, was maintained as a repeatedly transfered culture for many years. Nucleic acid comparisons have recently been used to aid in the correct placement of fungal
Genetic mapping of QTL for Fusarium head blight resistance in winter wheat cultivars Art and Everest

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a fungal disease, mostly commonly associated with F. graminearum, which affects cereal crops such as wheat resulting in substantial yield losses and reductions in grain quality. The onset of the disease can occur rapidly when warm, wet or humid weather coincides with flowering in the spring. The pathogen also produces mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON) that accumulate in the grain and can be toxic to humans and animals. This results in additional economic losses as contaminated grain must be discarded or blended to reduce the amount of toxin in order to meet federal regulatory limits. Development and deployment of resistant cultivars has proved to be an effective method to combat the disease, and many resistant sources have been reported in the literature with the majority of major resistance coming from Chinese landraces. Transferring resistance from these sources into cultivars adapted to the U.S. has been a slow process due to linkage of FHB resistance genes with poor agronomic traits. Therefore, it is important for breeders to search for sources of resistance in native material adapted to their local conditions. In this study, we aimed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to spread of FHB within the head (Type II resistance), accumulation of DON toxin in grain (Type III resistance), and resistance to kernel infection (Type IV resistance). Plant material consisted of 148 doubled haploid (DH) lines from a cross between the two moderately resistant hard red winter wheat (HRWW) cultivars Art and Everest. The study was conducted for two years using a point inoculation technique in a greenhouse in Manhattan, KS. Three QTL conferring resistance to FHB traits were detected on chromosomes 2D, 4B, and 4D. The QTL on chromosomes 4B and 4D overlapped with the major height genes Rht1 and Rht2, respectively. Plant height has shown previous associations with FHB, though the underlying cause of these associations is not well understood. The majority of results have reported increased susceptibility associated with shorter plant types; however, in this study, the haplotype analysis for the Rht-B1 and Rht-D1 loci showed an association between the dwarfing alleles and increased resistance to FHB. This suggests either pleiotropic effects of these loci or perhaps linkage with nearby genes for FHB resistance. Markers close to the peaks of the FHB resistance QTL have the potential for Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) marker development and subsequent use in marker assisted selection (MAS) to help improve overall FHB resistance within breeding programs.
Effects of exopolysaccharides produced by the Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. 3-3-1-2 on the growth and immune activity of Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of the exopolysaccharides( EPS) produced by the Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. 3- 3- 1- 2( 0,0. 5,1. 0,1. 5 and 2. 0 g / kg) on the growth and the immune activities of Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae. The results showed that the body weight and the body length of Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae were significantly increased in the 1. 5 g / kg EPS supplementation group compared with the control group( P 0. 05). The respiratory burst activities of lymphocytes of spleen and hindgut in 1. 0 and 1. 5 g / kg EPS groups were extremely significantly higher than that of the control group( P 0. 01). Meanwhile,the lymphocyte proliferation of the spleen was also observed a significant increase( P 0. 05) in 1. 0 and 1. 5 g / kg EPS groups. Furthermore,compared to control,the protein content of spleen and acid phosphatase( ACP) activities of spleen and liver markedly went up( P 0. 05) in 1. 5 g / kg EPS group. The protein content and the total superoxide dis- mutase( T- SOD) activity of liver were also significantly increased in 1. 5 and 2. 0 g /kg EPS groups( P 0. 05). Additionally,the challenge experiment showed that the experimental group received the immune protection,and the highest immune protection rate was up to 50. 0% in 1. 5 g / kg EPS group. Thus,it is suggested that EPS supplementation in diet could promote the growth,enhance the specific and nonspecific immune activity,and improve the disease resistance of Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae,especially 1. 5 g / kg EPS supplementation which had the greatest effects on Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae in this trial.
Corrigendum

In a recent study by McElwee and coworkers (McElwee et al ., 2003), the authors described an insulin-like peptide (ins-7/ zc334.2) which, when inhibited by RNAi, resulted in increased lifespan of the long-lived C. elegans mutant daf-2. To prevent confusion, we would like to point out that this paper used an older naming convention for the insulin-like peptides in C. elegans, and that zc334.2 now corresponds to ins-30 (Pierce et al ., 2001). References
Prevalência e características de Salmonella spp em carne bovina brasileira para exportação: contribuição para uma avaliação de risco

VII 1. REVISAO DA LITERATURA 1 1.1 Carne bovina brasileira: importância da exportacao 2 1.2 Contaminacao microbiana da carne bovina 3 1.3 Salmonella spp: caracteristicas gerais 5 1.3. 1 Taxonomia 5 1.3. 2 Fisiologia e Bioquimismo 6 1.3. 3 Patogenicidade 8 1.3. 4 Caracteristicas epidemiologicas 12 1.3. 5 Isolamento e identificacao 13 1.3. 6 Subtipagem molecular 14 1.3. 7 Resistencia a antimicrobianos 16 1.4 Analise de Risco microbiologico 18
Expression of P.mume PGIP Gene in Transgenic Dendranthema morifolium Increased Tolerance to Disease Resistance

In order to improve resistance of fungal pathogens,we transferred PGIP gene into flowered pot chrysanthemum'05-44-2'by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.We obtained 232 Hyg resistant plants.40 out of 232 lines were randomly selected for PCR analysis,PGIP fragment was amplified from 8 out of 40 lines.RT-PCR analysis further confirmed that PGIP gene expressed in 5 lines.Disease resistance in transgenic plants was improved to some extend as compared with untransformed plants(control). Disease occurrence was postponed,and the disease index was reduced too.The transgenic Line 7 showed the highest disease resistance with a minimum disease index of 33 at seeding stage.
Identifying Long-Memory Trends in Pre-Seismic MHz Disturbances through Support Vector Machines

In this paper, a novel algorithm is introduced for the analysis of long-memory patterns hidden in electromagnetic (EM) readings prior to earthquakes. The algorithm builds upon previous work on long-memory detection in EM measurements by fusing Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers with well-deployed power law fit tests and Rescaled-Range (R/S) time-series variability methods. To apply the algorithm, fractal power law in the wavelet domain is assessed so as to identify fractional Brownian motion (fBm) segments of continuously monitored pre-earthquake EM activity. The selected segments are then further processed through R/S Analysis in order to further refine the detection of prominent fBm behaviour. The combined output of the two methods is used to train a SVM classifier which is subsequently employed to verify similar fBm states in existing EM data and to allow for rapid fBm detection in large data sequences of unprocessed or newly incoming EM readings. The SVM classifier is added in a modular fashion, on top of pre-earthquake monitoring algorithms, and can be trained with a small fraction of a huge available dataset of EM readings. Three earthquake events in Greece, corresponding to different time occurrences and geographic locations, were investigated. For each of the three earthquakes, data collected by a nearby EM measurement station one month prior to the peak event were analysed by the proposed method. The results yielded an overall accuracy rate of at least 90% for the detection of specific, prominent fBm segments despite the fact that the fBm profile in the three investigated earthquake sequences was very different.
Decrease of Gray Matter Volume in Treatment-refractory Schizophrenia Patients

Objective:To investigate the gray matter alterations in treatment-refractory schizophrenia (TRS) patients and to explore the correlations between gray matter alterations and clinical characteristics in these patients. Methods:Voxel based morphometry (VBM) in conjunction with statistical parametric mapping on the structural magnetic resonance images of TRS patients (n=24) and healthy controls (n=21) was performed to assess differences between the two groups in gray matter volume(GMV). Results: We found GMV decreased in the left olfactory, bilateral insula and right anterior cingulate of TRS patients compared to healthy controls (p<0.05, FWE corrected). However, we did not find any correlation between gray matter reduction and clinical characteristics in these patients. Conclusion:TRS patients have GMV decreased in the left olfactory, bilateral insula and right anterior cingulate
Genetic transformation of banana with extracellular secreted plant ferredoxin-like protein (es-pflp) gene

Banana Xanthomonas wilt (BXW) caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum (Xcm) is the most devastating diseases of banana (Musa spp.) in East Africa. There are no effective control measures for this disease. All cultivars of bananas are susceptible for BXW disease. Most cultivated cultivars are triploids and difficult to improve through conventional breeding due to sterility and long generation life cycle. Genetic engineering offers an alternative and effective approach to control BXW disease. The objectives of this study were to express Extracellular secreted-Plant ferredoxin like protein (ES-Pflp) gene in banana and evaluate transgenic lines for resistance against Xcm. A signal peptide directs the Pflp to the cell‟s extracellular space. ES-Pflp has shown to offer bacterial resistance in Arabidopsis. It is therefore anticipated that over expression of ES-Pflp in banana would enhance resistance against Xcm. Embryogenic cell suspensions (ECSs) of cultivars Gross Michel and Sukali Ndizzi were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium strain EHA105 harboring a binary vector pBI-ES-Pflp followed by selection of kanamycin-resistant calli and regeneration of plantlets. Transgenic banana plants were generated expressing Extracellular secreted-Plant ferredoxin like gene driven by Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S constitutive promoter. Molecular analyses of transgenic lines performed by polymerised chain reaction (PCR), Southern blot hybridization analysis and reverse transcription polymerised chain reaction (RTPCR) revealed stable integration and expression of the transgene. Growth analysis revealed that most transgenic lines did not differ significantly (p>0.05) from the nontransgenic plants in growth under glass house conditions and were therefore advanced to screening for resistance to BXW disease. Agronomic data was taken on all lines screened in comparison with control lines. Screening of transgenic lines by artificial inoculation with Xanthomonas campestris pv. Musacearum confirmed enhanced resistance to banana Xanthomonas wilt disease. Development of banana cultivars resistant to banana Xanthomonas wilt, would improve banana production and contribute to food security of farmers that depend on banana as a staple food and cash crop.
Pleistocene Mammals of Europe

This book provides a comprehensive treatment of all the Pleistocene species in Europe, classified according to modern taxonomic principles. For each species there is a description of its descent and migration history, its range, and its mode of life. The first version of this book was a semipopular paperback in the Swedish Aldus series.
Random walks in a metapopulation : how much density dependence is necessary for long-term persistence ?

We describe analytical and simulation models of metapopulations consisting of local populations that obey a random walk between a reflecting upper boundary (population 'ceiling') and an absorbing lower boundary (local extinction). We present analytical results for the expected time to local extinction, expected size of local populations, and incidence of density dependence. The latter is defined as the frequency of hitting the ceiling per generation per population. With these models we examine the proposition that a metapopulation consisting of random walk local populations would persist without density dependence. Long-term persistence of a metapopulation is not possible without local populations occasionally becoming large and hence being affected by density dependence. But it is possible to construct examples in which a metapopulation persists for a long time with a low incidence of density dependence, in which cases local populations typically have very short expected lifetimes. We demonstrate that, paradoxically, a persisting metapopulation may consist of only 'sink' populations (negative average growth rate in the absence of migration). Contrary to some previous suggestions, increasing migration rate generally increases density dependence in persisting metapopulations.
Sex differences in diving and foraging behaviour of northern elephant seals

Sex differences in the foraging behaviour of adult northern elephant seals, Mirounga angustirostris, are predicted from the great disparity in size between the sexes, males being 1.5-10 times larger than females. Males must consume approximately three times more prey per day than females. By examining the diving behaviour, during which all foraging occurs, our aim was to elucidate how males do this and when the strategy develops. Dive data were collected by microcomputer time-depth recorders attached to the backs of free-ranging seals (nine adult males, 10 adult females, seven juvenile males
Molecular fingerprinting of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: does it help in understanding the epidemiology of tuberculosis?

Currently, reproducible, discriminatory typing methods for Mycobacterium tuberculosis are predominantly reliant on the presence of repetitive sequences in the bacterial genome. Such sequences include IS 6110, the direct repeat region, and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive sequence units (MIRU). The most established method is IS 6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) but this technique is technically demanding and several polymerase chain reaction-based methods have been developed to overcome its limitations. The molecular typing methods have been widely used to understand the epidemiology of the organism, and help to control its spread. Laboratory contamination can be confirmed, or discovered, on the basis of identical genotypes and suspected institutional or community outbreaks can be corroborated or refuted. Such methods have also greatly assisted in the understanding of the transmission of infection in the wider population, and the pathogenesis of disease in the individual patient. Finally, these techniques have been used to explore the evolutionary emergence and global distribution of this very significant human pathogen.
Speichel

Neben diesen nicht zu unterschätzenden physikalisch-mechanischen Funktionen hat Speichel auch eine schützende Funktion für die oralen Hartund Weichgewebe sowie möglicherweise auch für die tieferliegenden Bereiche des gastro-intestinalen Trakts. Die Mundhöhle nimmt in vielerlei Hinsicht eine Sonderstellung ein. Sie stellt die Haupteintrittspforte zum Innern des Körpers dar. Potenziell schädliche Stoffe oder pathogene Keime der Außenwelt treten hier zum ersten Mal mit dem Organismus in Kontakt. Entsprechend sind in der Mundhöhle immunologische und nichtimmunologische Abwehrsysteme eingerichtet, zu denen nicht zuletzt Inhaltsstoffe des Speichels entscheidend beitragen.
Ecomorphological Relationships in Ontogeny: Anatomy and Diet in Gag, Mycteroperca microlepis (Pisces: Serranidae)

in the oral jaws. The modes of attachment of all tooth-bearing elements, previously undescribed for an epinepheline serranid, are documented. This study provides a detailed description of the early feeding ecomorphology of a shallow water, marine perciform and indicates that general features of anatomical and dietary ontogeny may be shared by those fishes whose pelagic larvae settle out of the plankton to undergo transformation.