Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Dose Rate and Photon Energy Dependence of Gafchromic EBT3 Film Irradiating with 6 MV and Co-60 Photon Beams

Gafchromic films are utilized for two-dimensional dose distribution measurements, especially in radiotherapy. In this study, we investigated a close connection between energy and dose rate of Gafchromic EBT3 films irradiating with 6 MV and Co-60 photon beams over a broad dose range. EBT3 films were exposed to 6 MV and Co-60 photon beams using 4 and 2 Gy/min dose rates over a 10–400 cGy dose range. The films were scanned in red, green, and blue channels to obtain the optical density (OD)–dose curves. The OD–dose curves resulted from three-color scans for different photon energies and dose rates were compared by statistical independent t-test. For the radiations of Co-60 and 6 MV photon beams, the highest correlation was obtained between the 2 and 4 Gy/min dose rates with red and green channels, respectively. Moreover, the red channel had a greater OD response per dose value, following the green and blue channels. There was no significant difference between different photon energies' (Co-60 and 6 MV) and dose rates' (2 and 4 Gy/min) dependence on OD-dose response of EBT3 films over a broad domain of radiation dose, except for different photon energies in the blue channel. Our results revealed that the OD-dose response of EBT3 films is independent on photon energies (Co-60 and 6 MV) and dose rate (2 and 4 Gy/min) in the evaluated dose range (10–400 cGy). Therefore, the EBT3 films are suitable, consistent, and reliable instruments for dose measurements in radiotherapy.
Most cited 100 articles in herniology: Bibliometric study

BACKGROUND: Being cited by another article is valuable for scientific publications. Citation analysis of previously published papers by bibliometric methodology have been performed in different disciplines do date. The present study was done with the purpose of listing the most cited articles in the field of abdominal wall hernias, in other words herniology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A search was conducted through all databases in the Web of Science to determine the most cited articles related to the abdominal wall hernias. RESULTS: The total number of citations of the top 100 articles in herniology was 26.316. The mean number of citations was 263.16. The top 100 articles originated from 13 countries, and were published in 37 journals. The most productive decade was 2000-2009 with 55 papers. Journal impact factors correlated with citation counts positively. Inguinal hernia and incisional hernia were the leading topics in 41 and 40 related articles. The number of the authors also did not show any correlation with citation counts. There was no relationship between the number of the cited references and the citations counts of the articles. CONCLUSION: Citation counts of the articles about abdominal wall hernias are somewhat lower than those in other fields. Most articles in the top 100 list are related to inguinal and incisional hernias. BACKGROUND: Being cited by another article is valuable for scientific publications. Citation analysis of previously published papers by bibliometric methodology have been performed in different disciplines do date. The present study was done with the purpose of listing the most cited articles in the field of abdominal wall hernias, in other words herniology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A search was conducted through all databases in the Web of Science to determine the most cited articles related to the abdominal wall hernias. RESULTS: The total number of citations of the top 100 articles in herniology was 26.316. The mean number of citations was 263.16. The top 100 articles originated from 13 countries, and were published in 37 journals. The most productive decade was 2000-2009 with 55 papers. Journal impact factors correlated with citation counts positively. Inguinal hernia and incisional hernia were the leading topics in 41 and 40 related articles. The number of the authors also did not show any correlation with citation counts. There was no relationship between the number of the cited references and the citations counts of the articles. CONCLUSION: Citation counts of the articles about abdominal wall hernias are somewhat lower than those in other fields. Most articles in the top 100 list are related to inguinal and incisional hernias.
Does Functional Lateralization in Birds Have any Implications for Their Welfare?

We know a good deal about brain lateralization in birds and a good deal about animal welfare, but relatively little about whether there is a noteworthy relationship between avian welfare and brain lateralization. In birds, the left hemisphere is specialised to categorise stimuli and to discriminate preferred categories from distracting stimuli (e.g., food from an array of inedible objects), whereas the right hemisphere responds to small differences between stimuli, controls social behaviour, detects predators and controls attack, fear and escape responses. In this paper, we concentrate on visual lateralization and the effect of light exposure of the avian embryo on the development of lateralization, and we consider its role in the welfare of birds after hatching. Findings suggest that light-exposure during incubation has a general positive effect on post-hatching behaviour, likely because it facilitates control of behaviour by the left hemisphere, which can suppress fear and other distress behaviour controlled by the right hemisphere. In this context, particular attention needs to be paid to the influence of corticosterone, a stress hormone, on lateralization. Welfare of animals in captivity, as is well known, has two cornerstones: enrichment and reduction of stress. What is less well-known is the link between the influence of experience on brain lateralization and its consequent positive or negative outcomes on behaviour. We conclude that the welfare of birds may be diminished by failure to expose the developing embryos to light but we also recognise that more research on the association between lateralization and welfare is needed.
A New on-Demand Recharging Strategy Based on Cycle-Limitation in a WRSN

Recently, Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks (WRSNs) have been attracting increasing attention and seen rapid development. However, in previous studies, pioneering work on charging issues and data gathering strategies are always discussed separately. In this paper, we aimed to develop a strategy which can guarantee a short data acquisition cycle and high charging efficiency. We used a new Combined Recharging and Collecting Data Model (CRCM) to set-up a WRSN. In this network, mobile chargers were used to separately collected data and charge sensor nodes. A K-means algorithm was used to group sensor nodes into different clusters, from which mobile chargers collected data from sensor nodes in the center of these clusters. The Nearest-Job-Next with Preemption (NJNP) algorithm was used to determine the charging route. The data acquisition cycle was first discussed in this model in order to ensure all data from the sensor nodes could be gathered within a certain time period. Additionally, the Periodically Restricted Dynamic Mobile Chargers (PRDMCs) algorithm was proposed to determine the number of mobile chargers. Lastly, we used the normal CRCM for comparison with our new CRCM, and the results showed that the new CRCM can effectively safeguard the data acquisition cycle without requiring the addition of more mobile chargers.
Multilevel Design for the Interior of 3D Fabrications

This article presents a multilevel design for infill patterns. The method partitions an input model into subareas and each subarea are applied with different scales of infill patterns. The number of subareas can be decided by users. For each subarea, there are different values of the scaling parameter that determines the number of columns and rows of pattern elements, which is useful to change the weight and strength of a certain area by user demands. Subareas can be symmetric or asymmetric to each other depending on the geometry of a 3D model and the application requirements. In each subarea, there are generated symmetric patterns. The proposed method is also applicable to combining different patterns. The aim of our work is to create lightweight 3D fabrications with lighter interior structures to minimize printing materials and supplementary to strengthen thin parts of objects. Our approach allows for the composition of sparse and dense distributions of patterns of interior 3D fabrications in an efficient way so users can fabricate their own 3D designs.
The Viable Smart Product Model: Designing Products that Undergo Disruptive Transformations

Abstract Smart, interconnected products are transforming the industry. Construction is a paradigmatic example of digital transformation incorporating systems to improve safety and productivity. This research uses the lens of the Viable System Model (VSM) to design smart products that adhere to the organization strategy in disruptive transformations. Our design science research involving a construction group defines the necessary and sufficient conditions for the smart system cohesion and endurance in changing environments. For theory, we propose a product-level adoption of VSM. For practice, we assist managers in creating viable smart products for their industry 4.0 strategy.
Forecasting for Ultra-Short-Term Electric Power Load Based on Integrated Artificial Neural Networks

Energy efficiency and renewable energy are the two main research topics for sustainable energy. In the past ten years, countries around the world have invested a lot of manpower into new energy research. However, in addition to new energy development, energy efficiency technologies need to be emphasized to promote production efficiency and reduce environmental pollution. In order to improve power production efficiency, an integrated solution regarding the issue of electric power load forecasting was proposed in this study. The solution proposed was to, in combination with persistence and search algorithms, establish a new integrated ultra-short-term electric power load forecasting method based on the adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and back-propagation neural network (BPN), which can be applied in forecasting electric power load in Taiwan. The research methodology used in this paper was mainly to acquire and process the all-day electric power load data of Taiwan Power and execute preliminary forecasting values of the electric power load by applying ANFIS, BPN and persistence. The preliminary forecasting values of the electric power load obtained therefrom were called suboptimal solutions and finally the optimal weighted value was determined by applying a search algorithm through integrating the above three methods by weighting. In this paper, the optimal electric power load value was forecasted based on the weighted value obtained therefrom. It was proven through experimental results that the solution proposed in this paper can be used to accurately forecast electric power load, with a minimal error.
Vaccine Development against the Renin-Angiotensin System for the Treatment of Hypertension

Hypertension is a global public health issue and the most important preventable cause of cardiovascular diseases. Despite the clinical availability of many antihypertensive drugs, many hypertensive patients have poor medication adherence and blood pressure control due, at least partially, to the asymptomatic and chronic characteristics of hypertension. Immunotherapeutic approaches have the potential to improve medication adherence in hypertension because they induce prolonged therapeutic effects and need a low frequency of administration. The first attempts to reduce blood pressure by using vaccines targeting the renin-angiotensin system were made more than half a century ago; however, at the time, a poor understanding of immunology and the mechanisms of hypertension and a lack of optimal vaccine technologies such as suitable antigen design, proper adjuvants, and effective antigen delivery systems meant that attempts to develop antihypertensive vaccines failed. Recent advances in immunology and vaccinology have provided potential therapeutic immunologic approaches to treat not only infectious diseases but also cancers and other noncommunicable diseases. One important biotechnology that has had a major impact on modern vaccinology is virus-like particle technology, which can efficiently deliver vaccine antigens without the need for artificial adjuvants. A human clinical trial that indicated the effectiveness and safety of a virus-like particle-based antiangiotensin II vaccine marked a turning point in the field of therapeutic antihypertensive vaccines. Here, we review the history of the development of immunotherapies for the treatment of hypertension and discuss the current perspectives in the field.
Epigenetic Profiles Reveal That ADCYAP1 Serves as Key Molecule in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) refers to the condition which shows abnormal glucose metabolism that occurs during pregnancy, while normal glucose metabolism before pregnancy. In the present study, a novel analytical procedure was used to explore the key molecule of gestational diabetes mellitus. First, the weighted pathway model was carried out subsequently to eliminate the gene-overlapping effects among pathways. Second, we assessed the enriched pathways by a combination of Fisher's t-test and the Mann–Whitney U test. We carried out the functional principal component analysis by estimating F values of genes to identify the hub genes in the enriched pathways. Results showed that a total of 4 differential pathways were enriched. The key pathway was considered as the insulin secretion pathway. F values of each gene in the key pathway were calculated. Three hub molecules were identified as hub differentially methylated genes, namely, CAMK2B, ADCYAP1, and KCNN2. In addition, by further comparing the gene expression data in a validation cohort, one key molecule was obtained, ADCYAP1. Therefore, ADCYAP1 may serve as a potential target for the treatment of GDM.
The role and therapeutic implications of T cells in cancer of the lung

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. The disease is classified into two major subtypes, small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) and the more prevalent non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). First‐line conventional therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery, have offered limited benefit, and patient prognosis remains poor with post‐treatment recurrences representing a major cause of morbidity. Consequently, there is an urgent need for improved therapeutic options. Historically, NSCLC has been considered a non‐immunogenic disease. However, increased understanding of tumor‐immune interactions has challenged this paradigm in both lung and other malignancies, with cancer elimination by tumor‐specific T cells increasingly well described in a myriad of solid tumors. Recent evidence has demonstrated that absent or weak anticancer responses are likely a product of tumor‐derived immunosuppression. This knowledge, along with a greater appreciation for the role of T cells in lung cancer elimination, has driven development of novel immunotherapeutic approaches which are demonstrating remarkable clinical efficacy. This review examines the role of T cells in lung cancer, discussing the direction and clinical significance of current and future immunotherapeutic strategies.
SMC1 promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis through the NF-κB signaling pathway in colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and a leading cause of cancer-associated mortality globally. Increasing evidence has indicated that structural maintenance of chromosomes 1 (SMC1) may serve an important role in solid tumors as a tumor enhancer. In the present study, it was identified via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analyses that expression of SMC1 was significantly upregulated in CRC cell lines (SW480, HCT-116 and SW620) compared with NCM460 normal epithelial cells. To determine the potential involvement of SMC1 in the malignant phenotypes of CRC cells, SMC1 was knocked down in SW620 cells and SMC1 was overexpressed in SW480 cells in vitro. As a result, cell viability, proliferation, invasion and migration were suppressed in transduced SW620 cells but enhanced in SW480 cells, as determined using MTT, colony formation and Transwell assays; conversely, flow cytometric analysis revealed that cell apoptosis was increased in SW620 cells and inhibited in SW480 cells following lentiviral infection. In addition, an in vivo mouse xenograft model revealed that knocking down SMC1 suppressed tumor growth and increased apoptosis; however, overexpressing SMC1 enhanced tumor growth and suppressed apoptosis. Further experiments demonstrated that the role of SMC1 on CRC may involve downregulation of the NF-κB-associated signaling pathway. Finally, the present data from clinical CRC tumor samples showed that increased expression of SMC1 was significantly associated with distant metastasis, higher TNM stage, primary tumor size, lymph node metastasis and worse overall survival. Collectively, the present results suggested that SMC1 served an important role in the development of CRC and may be a predictive prognostic biomarker in patients with CRC.
The Role of Exosomes in Bone Remodeling: Implications for Bone Physiology and Disease

Bone remodeling represents a physiological phenomenon of continuous bone tissue renewal that requires fine orchestration of multiple cell types, which is critical for the understanding of bone disease but not yet clarified in precise detail. Exosomes, which are cell-secreted nanovesicles drawing increasing attention for their broad biosignaling functions, can shed new light on how multiple heterogeneous cells communicate for the purpose of bone remodeling. In the healthy bone, exosomes transmit signals favoring both bone synthesis and resorption, regulating the differentiation, recruitment, and activity of most cell types involved in bone remodeling and even assuming an active role in extracellular matrix mineralization. Additionally, in the ailing bone, they actively participate in pathogenic processes constituting also potential therapeutic agents and drug vectors. The present review summarizes the current knowledge on bone exosomes and bone remodeling in health and disease.
Membranstruktur in Pflanzen: Wirkung von Xenon auf die Mimosen-Reaktion

Xenon (1—3 atm added to air) was found to bring about a marked diminuation or total inhibition in the response of Mimosa pudica to seismonic stimulation. Since the most conspicuous property of xenon is to form hydrate crystals of the clathrate type4, the result may stress the importance of water structure for the properties of cellular structures like membranes 16,22. Associations of globular macromolecules (proteins or lipoproteins) with water molecules which may play an essential role in the structure of membranes (and protoplasm) and in certain functional changes of membranes 16,20,21 may be visualized as rather labile and (in specialized cells particularly) susceptible to changes in the environment. Incorporation of apolar gases may increase the rigidity of the intramolecular hydrogen bonds of globular membrane proteins and of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds of water phases and therefore prevent the sudden loss of water from the pulvinus of Mimosa which is reported to be due to, 1. a sudden increase in membrane permeability and, 2. a loss in the “water brinding power” of protoplasmatic components 13,14. Alternative hypotheses such as the inhibition of oxygen diffusion by inert gases 24 are considered.
Syntaphilin-Mediated Docking of Mitochondria at the Growth Cone Is Dispensable for Axon Elongation In Vivo

Abstract Mitochondria are abundantly detected at the growth cone, the dynamic distal tip of developing axons that directs growth and guidance. It is, however, poorly understood how mitochondrial dynamics relate to growth cone behavior in vivo, and which mechanisms are responsible for anchoring mitochondria at the growth cone during axon pathfinding. Here, we show that in retinal axons elongating along the optic tract in zebrafish, mitochondria accumulate in the central area of the growth cone and are occasionally observed in filopodia extending from the growth cone periphery. Mitochondrial behavior at the growth cone in vivo is dynamic, with mitochondrial positioning and anterograde transport strongly correlating with growth cone behavior and axon outgrowth. Using novel zebrafish mutant lines that lack the mitochondrial anchoring proteins Syntaphilin a and b, we further show that Syntaphilins contribute to mitochondrial immobilization at the growth cone. Syntaphilins are, however, not required for proper growth cone morphology and axon growth in vivo, indicating that Syntaphilin-mediated anchoring of mitochondria at the growth cone plays only a minor role in elongating axons.
The Impact of Shear and Elongational Forces on Structural Formation of Polyacrylonitrile/Carbon Nanotubes Composite Fibers during Wet Spinning Process

Wet spinning of polyacrylonitrile/carbon nanotubes (PAN/CNT) composite fibers was studied and the effect of spinning conditions on structure and properties of as-spun fibers influenced by the presence of CNTs investigated. Unlike PAN fibers, shear force had a larger effect on crystalline structure and physical and mechanical properties of PAN/CNT composite fibers compared to the elongational force inside a coagulation bath. Under shear force CNTs induced nucleation of new crystals, whereas under elongational force nucleation of new crystals were hindered but the already formed crystals grew bigger. To our knowledge, this key effect has not been reported elsewhere. At different shear rates, strength, Young’s modulus and strain at break of PAN/CNT as-spun fibers were improved up to 20% compared to PAN fibers. Application of jet stretch had less influence on physical and mechanical properties of PAN/CNT fibers compared to PAN fibers. However, the improvement of interphase between polymer chains and CNTs as a result of chain orientation may have contributed to enhancement of Young’s modulus of jet stretched composite fibers.
Host–transposon interactions: conflict, cooperation, and cooption

In this review, Cosby et al. argue that the evolutionary success of TEs cannot be explained solely by evasion from host control mechanisms; rather, some TEs have evolved commensal and even mutualistic strategies that mitigate the cost associated with their propagation. These coevolutionary processes promote the emergence of complex cellular activities, which in turn pave the way for cooption of TE sequences for organismal function.