Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validation Procedures in Research and Evaluation: Implications for Quality Education in Nigeria

This study investigated the influence of validation procedures in research and evaluation in the south-South zone of Nigeria using survey research design. The population for the study is made up of all the lecturers in the South-South tertiary institutions. The proportionate stratified simple random sampling technique was used to draw two thousand (2000) lecturers as the sample size of the study. The instrument for data collection was the modified four point Likert Scale, titled “influence of validation procedures in research and evaluation (IVPRE)” designed by the researcher. The instrument was validated by experts in educational research, measurement and evaluation. 0.86 was the reliability coefficient obtained as a measure of internal consistency by the RULON statistical technique. Five research questions were answered using Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) while five hypotheses were tested by transforming the scores to ttest statistics at 5% probability level. The results revealed significant influence or validation procedures in research and evaluation based on the planning stage of the objectives of instruction, specifying the research and evaluation content areas to be covered, the use of table of specifications on the content areas covered, group of resources persons (experts) and item analysis on the content areas covered respectively. Therefore, the researcher recommends proper and adequate planning stage of objectives of instruction, the involvement of research and evaluation experts and the use of item analysis among others for the improvement of validation procedures in research and evaluation.
Real-time Audio Coordination Framework for Immersive Sound Reproduction

Accurate sound reproduction as close to the original sound as possible creates a rich, engaging user experience. Music fans would like to listen to music on fine-tuned high-end audio systems, embracing the feeling of being at a live concert. The widespread use of mobile devices opens an opportunity to enable a new class of audio applications, namely Mobile Multispeaker Audio (MMA) applications; they utilize loudspeakers on multiple mobile devices to deliver immersive in-situ sound reproduction even in poor acoustic setting (e.g., outdoors). As shown in Figure 1, imagine a group of friends on a camping trip. After dinner, one suggests watching an action movie together. They find no video/audio equipment at the camping site but the loudspeakers on their own smartphones. They have little expertise and experience for audio set-up. They would be happy with a click-away construction of a spectacular srruound sound for movie through MMA applications.
Loss of histone macroH2A1 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells promotes paracrine-mediated chemoresistance and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells activation

Rationale: Loss of histone macroH2A1 induces appearance of cancer stem cells (CSCs)-like cells in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). How CSCs interact with the tumor microenvironment and the adaptive immune system is unclear. Methods: We screened aggressive human HCC for macroH2A1 and CD44 CSC marker expression. We also knocked down (KD) macroH2A1 in HCC cells, and performed integrated transcriptomic and secretomic analyses. Results: Human HCC showed low macroH2A1 and high CD44 expression compared to control tissues. MacroH2A1 KD CSC-like cells transferred paracrinally their chemoresistant properties to parental HCC cells. MacroH2A1 KD conditioned media transcriptionally reprogrammed parental HCC cells activated regulatory CD4+/CD25+/FoxP3+ T cells (Tregs). Conclusions: Loss of macroH2A1 in HCC cells drives cancer stem-cell propagation and evasion from immune surveillance.
Aportación de Pedro Vergara Lozano a la Fisioterapia Respiratoria.

La Fisioterapia Respiratoria ha evolucionado desde el empirismo de sus antecedentes historicos a una practica cientifica y controlada. La contribucion de Pedro Vergara Lozano, fisioterapeuta y profesor titular de la Facultad de Fisioterapia de la Universidad de Valencia, en esta lenta evolucion, queda plasmada en su actividad asistencial, docente e investigadora. Esta semblanza pretende reunir sus principales aportaciones en los diferentes campos de actuacion de la fisioterapia respiratoria, como el entrenamiento de los musculos respiratorios, la ventilacion mecanica no invasiva y las tecnicas dirigidas a la eliminacion de las mucosidades.
Muskuloskelettale Anpassung bei Immobilisation

Zusammenfassung Julius Wolff hatte schon 1892 in seinem “Das Gesetz der Transformation der Knochen” beschrieben, dass der Knochen sich seiner Funktion anpasst. In Studien zur Immobilität (Bed-Rest-Studien) wird dokumentiert, dass der Knochen innerhalb weniger Stunden bis Tage seinen Metabolismus anpasst, sobald die Verformung (Strain) des Knochens abnimmt oder zunimmt. Während die Knochenmarker diese Änderung des Metabolismus unmittelbar anzeigen, ändert sich die Knochenmasse deutlich langsamer und es können erst nach ca. 40 Tagen signifikante Änderungen nachgewiesen werden. Dem schnellen Knochenabbau bei Beginn einer Immobilisation folgt ein langsamer Knochenaufbau nach Wiederbelastung. Da der Knochen seine Last zu über 90 % durch die Muskelkraft erfährt und nicht durch das Körpergewicht, ist die Muskelkraft ein wichtiger Stimulator für den Knochenaufund -abbau. Bei Immobilisation, Paraplegie und anderen Muskelfunktionsstörungen kann die Knochendichte um bis zu 75 bis 80 % abfallen. Durch lebenslanges Muskelkrafttraining kann die Muskelkraft und damit auch die Knochenmasse erhalten werden, was am Beispiel der Studie mit Master-Athleten bewiesen werden konnte. Für die Stimulation des Knochens ist die Muskelkraft und nicht die Muskelausdauer entscheidend. Demzufolge ist auch im hohen Alter noch ein Krafttraining empfehlenswert.
La stratégie scanner corps entier systématique : est-elle applicable aux traumatisés graves stables des urgences ?

Introduction : Le scanner corps entier est utilise pour etablir le bilan lesionnel des traumatises graves stables. Sa realisation systematique pour les traumatises graves stables pauci ou asymptomatiques est controversee. Le but de notre etude est de determiner si l'utilisation du protocole scanner corps entier est appropriee pour cette population. L'objectif principal est d'evaluer la concordance entre l'examen clinique et les resultats scannographiques. Nous souhaitons egalement preciser les caracteristiques des lesions muettes cliniquement. Methode : Notre etude observationnelle retrospective s'est deroulee aux urgences traumatologiques du Centre hospitalo-universitaire de Grenoble de janvier 2010 a decembre 2011. Etaient inclus les patients traumatises graves stables ayant beneficie d'un scanner corps entier. Un medecin relevait a posteriori les donnees generales, cinetiques et cliniques contenues dans le dossier medical, ainsi que les resultats du scanner corps entier. L'analyse statistique a ete realisee a l'aide des logiciels Statview et Stata. Resultats : 429 patients ont ete inclus. L'âge moyen etait de 36 ans avec 75% d'hommes. Les accidents de la voie publique representaient 52% des traumatismes. Le scanner corps entier retrouvait au moins une lesion pour 55% des patients. Le coefficient de concordance kappa revenait de mauvais a moyen selon les etages. Tous segments confondus, 103 lesions asymptomatiques etaient retrouvees au scanner. Elles etaient globalement peu severes mais ont mene a des interventions therapeutiques urgentes dans quelques cas. Seules 3 lesions occultes ont ete retrouvees au niveau cerebral. Conclusion : La frequence des lesions retrouvees est un argument en faveur de la realisation systematique de la tomodensitometrie corps entier, scanner cerebral mis a part, chez les traumatises graves stables aux urgences.
SACCADIC SELECTION DOES NOT ELIMINATE

13 Attribute amnesia (Chen & Wyble, 2015, 2016) demonstrates that we may not always be able to spontaneously 14 retrieve a simple attribute of a visual object (e.g., its color) for conscious report, even though the object had 15 just been the target in a visual task. Attribute amnesia has been suggested to reflect a lack of consolidation of 16 the task-irrelevant attribute in visual working memory. Here, we tested whether saccadic selection eliminates 17 or attenuates attribute amnesia. Saccade targets have been shown to be preferentially encoded into visual 18 working memory and may therefore be spared. We used simple color pop-out displays, asking participants to 19 indicate the location of the color singleton letter target on each trial either by keypress or by making a saccade 20 towards it. After a couple of trials and unannounced to the participants, we asked for the color and identity of 21 the last target letter on a surprise trial. We found that saccade targets were not spared from attribute amnesia: 22 participants were as bad in correctly reporting the color in the saccade as in the keypress condition. For letter 23 identity, the effect was attenuated, but not abolished when the target was foveated for a short period of time. 24 We argue that the current results do not refute an obligatory coupling between saccadic selection and 25 encoding in visual working memory. However, the encoded information may not necessarily be stored in a 26 manner that is robust enough to persist in the face of a surprise question. 27
Histochemical Study of Rabbit Masseter Muscle: The effect of the alteration of food on the muscle fibers.

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of a fine-grained food on the composition and development of the masseter fibers in the rabbits. Masseter fibers were classified as one of three types based on their levels of staining for myofibrillar ATP ase. In Type I (slow) fibers, the diameter and ratio of the fiber was most remarkably decreased by the fine-grained diet. The ratio of type IIa and IIb fibers in the fine-grained diet subjects were increased. The diameter of all fibers in the deep region showed significant decrease. In the superficial region, the diameter of Type I and IIa fibers decreased; however, the diameter of Type IIb increased. These findings suggest that the histochemical characteristics of the masseter muscle are reflected in size and composition of the muscle fibers by decreasing the masticatory loads.
Initial placement and ATP coverage of the channel for the MSM construction

Electron density maps of the mVDAC1–ATP complex. (a) A Fo-Fo difference Fourier map calculated between mVDAC1 ATP co-crystal and an apo crystal contoured at 3.1 σ displayed on the refined complex coordinates. (b) A solvent annealed omit map for the ATP molecule contoured at 3.3 σ. (c) A 2Fo-Fc electron density map of the refined model contoured at 1 σ. Color scheme is the same as in Fig. 1 of the main text. See Supporting Online Material for details.
ORIGINALIA SOcIAL dIffeReNceS IN SchOOL eNtRy heALth exAmINAtION

283 Deutsche Zeitschrift für sportmeDiZin Jahrgang 63, nr. 9 (2012) Im Sinne einer ganzheitlichen Entwicklung sollten schulfähige Kinder neben kognitiven und sprachlichen auch über motorische Kompetenzen verfügen. Hohe Bewegungsaktivität in der Kindheit unterstützt zudem die Prävention vor Übergewicht und Adipositas im Jugendund Erwachsenenalter, Überbelastungen des Halteund Stützapparates sowie Erkrankungen des Herz-Kreislaufsystems. Um Frühindikatoren für einen gesunden Lebensstil zu finden und zielgerichtete Fördermaßnahmen zu ermöglichen, erfolgte in dieser Studie eine Fokussierung auf den motorischen Entwicklungsstand und das Bewegungsverhalten von Vorschulkindern sowie auf soziale Einflüsse auf diese Faktoren. 1.489 Kinder nahmen an der Einschulungsuntersuchung für das Schuljahr 2011/2012 und an sportmotorischen Tests teil. Über Elternfragebögen wurden Freizeitaktivitäten der Kinder sowie Sprachhintergrund und Bildungsstand der Eltern erfasst. Die Daten wurden deskriptiv und inferenzstatistisch ausgewertet. Sowohl ein geringer Bildungsstand der Eltern als auch ein nicht-deutscher Sprachhintergrund zeigten starke Zusammenhänge mit Übergewicht, weniger körperlicher Aktivität und höherem Medienkonsum der Kinder. Signifikant weniger Kinder aus diesen Familien konnten bereits Fahrradfahren und Schwimmen. Für diese Kinder zeigten sich auch Nachteile im Standweitsprung, nicht jedoch im Balancieren und Hinund Herspringen. Normalgewichtige Kinder schnitten in allen motorischen Testaufgaben am besten ab. Um ähnliche kognitive, emotionale und aktionale Grundlagen für ein gesundes und bewegungsaktives Leben zu gewährleisten, muss folglich verstärkt darauf geachtet werden, explizit Kinder aller Schichten und Kulturen mit Bewegungsangeboten anzusprechen. Damit könnte ein bedeutender Beitrag für die Gesundheit und die Gesamtentwicklung der kindlichen Persönlichkeit geleistet werden.
A REVIEW OF RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELING

The instantaneous unit hydrograph.With the foregoing as a p r e l u d e , the IUH can be seen as a t o o l of l i n e a r systems a n a l y s i s . The IUH i s t h e i m p u l s e ; r e s p o n s e f u n c t i o n of a l i n e a r , t i m e i n v a r i a n t s y s t e m . An i m p u l s e r e s p o n s e f u n c t i o n i s t h e r e s p o n s e of a s y s t e m t o a u n i t of i n p u t a p p l i e d
Asymptomatic children with venous lead levels >100 μg/dL

Childhood lead poisoning is a preventable condition that may result in significant developmental disabilities and multi-organ involvement. Past research has shown that long-term neurocognitive deficits can result from lead exposure during the first few years of life.1 In 1991, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended that blood lead screening be instituted for all children between the ages of 6 months and 6 years, because subtle morbidity has been documented in children with levels as low as 10 µg/dL.2 Critics of universal screening cite limited health care resources, parental anxiety, and the invasive nature of screening as reasons to modify the current CDC recommendations.3
STUDIES OF POSTSTRIKE AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SPECIALIST TRAINEES: III. CHANGES IN DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ACADEMY ENTRANTS AND BIODEMOGRAPHIC PREDICTORS OF SUCCESS IN AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER SELECTION AND ACADEMY SCREENING

A biographical questionnaire (BQ) was completed by 3,578 air traffic control students who entered the Federal Aviation Administration Academy between October 1985 and September 1987. The demographic characteristics of these recent Academy trainees (from a more stabilized poststrike selection process) were compared with two previous groups of Academy entrants. The impact of biodemographic characteristics on success in air traffic control specialist (ATCS) training was evaluated for all entrants, and then for gender and minority status subgroups. Also, results were obtained from the aptitude tests that were used to select the Academy entrants. Pooled within-groups correlations between the discriminating variables and the canonical discriminant function were calculated to determine the characteristics related to Academy pass/fail status. Some of the variables that were significantly related to Academy performance included high school math grades, personal performance expectations, age, and the number of times an ATCS applicant had taken the qualifying aptitude tests. The most consistent and important predictor of success was the average grade in high school mathematics courses, while other predictors had varying significance depending on the demographic subgroup. While the age of Academy students (despite the age-30 limitation) bears a strong and consistent relationship to Academy success, other biodemographic factors can be used to improve recruitment and selection of ATCSs.
Evaluación de la composición corporal mediante absorciometría fotónica dual de rayos x: aplicaciones y limitaciones en el ámbito del deporte

La DEXA es la tecnica de evaluacion de la composicion corporal cuya validez ha sido mas extensamente verificada, tanto por metodos directos como indirectos. Los datos publicados demuestran, en general, que la DEXA permite determinar el contenido mineral oseo, la masa magra y la masa grasa, ya sea del cuerpo entero, o de regiones seleccionadas, con gran precision y fiabilidad. De hecho, presenta una gran reproductibilidad a largo plazo por lo que resulta ideal para la realizacion de estudios longitudinales. No obstante, existen algunas causas de imprecision que van siendo controladas a traves de cambios en el software y/o hardware, debidas a: 1) el efecto de endurecimiento de los rayos X al atravesar estructuras de similar composicion pero diferente grosor; 2) la imposibilidad de determinar la composicion de los tejidos blandos localizados encima o debajo de las estructuras oseas; y 3) la dificultad para identificar el limite entre pixels oseos y blandos. Si bien, en el estado actual de desarrollo de esta tecnica aun no podemos afirmar categoricamente que constituya el metodo patron para el analisis de la composicion corporal, las prestaciones actuales le confieren una gran utilidad en la evaluacion de la composicion corporal.
Hamstring muscle tear with recurrent complaints: An isokinetic profile

The purpose of this study was to determine the isokinetic profile of specialized athletes with previous hamstring tears and recurrent complaints upon return to sports activities, using a Kintrex 500 dynamometer. Twenty-three subjects were examined through a concentric protocol and fifteen of them benefited from a complementary eccentric assessment. Despite the fact that some cases presented normal isokinetic results, the statistical analysis has demonstrated particular features. In reference to the non-involved side performances, the average reduction of peak torque (PT) of the injured muscles surpassed 20% in eccentric contraction. The relationship between bodyweight normalized PT and angular velocity demonstrated significant differences in comparison with those of selected non-injured sprinters, most notably in the eccentric sector. A mixed ratio (Flexors eccentric /Quadriceps concentric ) appeared significantly reduced (0.75 ± 0.23) for the injured leg, in comparison with the contralateral non-injured limb (0.90 ± 0.16) and with a control population (0.98 ± 0.14). For the eccentric mode, the angle of peak torque (APT) of the strained muscle occurred in an abnormal articular sector corresponding to a weaker hamstring muscle lengthening than normal. These observations strongly suggest that, among the causative factors, the persistence of muscle strength abnormalities gives rise to recurring hamstring injuries.
Rapid Magma Generation or Shared Magmatic Reservoir? Petrology and Geochronology of the Rat Creek and Nelson Mountain Tuffs, CO, USA

The San Luis caldera complex in the Southern Rocky Mountain Volcanic Field (CO, USA) consists of three overlapping calderas that overlie the sources of three large-volume mid-Cenozoic ignimbrites: the Rat Creek Tuff (RCT; zoned dacite-rhyolite, 150 km3), the Cebolla Creek Tuff (mafic dacite, 250 km3) and the Nelson Mountain Tuff (NMT; zoned dacite-rhyolite, 500 km3), which are indistinguishable in age by 40Ar/39Ar dating. In this study, we argue for a shared magmatic history for the three units on the basis of mineral trace element compositions (plagioclase, sanidine, biotite, pyroxene, amphibole, titanite and zircon), as well as zircon U-Pb geochronology in the RCT and NMT. It is postulated that these latter two are cogenetic, having occupied an elongated magma reservoir that erupted in two stages, prior to and following the eruption of the Cebolla Creek Tuff. This necessitates large-scale lateral magma transport of the NMT magma, which is corroborated by the formation of the nearby Cochetopa caldera with a paucity of intracaldera eruptive products. The implications of lateral magma transport and evolution in integrated magma chambers are discussed in the context of calculating magma fluxes, which can be redefined as an area-normalized flux to avoid inconsistencies in flux estimations.
Commentary: Montelukast Prevents Mice Against Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury

Montelukast sodium (CAS-No.: 151767-02-1), marketed as Singulair, acts as a selective orally active leukotriene receptor antagonist inhibiting the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLTR1). It is a medication for treatment of exercise-induced asthma, bronchospasm, allergic rhinitis, and was applied in some patients as a beneficial add-on remedy in the therapy of chronic idiopathic urticaria. Molecularly, this drug selectively antagonizes the activities of the cysteinyl leukotrienes LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4, thereby displaying important anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in various tissues and organs (Singh et al., 2013). Recent work conducted in fibroblast-like synoviocytes, which are the main contributors in rheumatoid arthritis, has shown that Montelukast attenuated IL-1β-induced phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, nuclear translocation of p65 and NF-κB activity (Dong et al., 2018). These findings supports previous findings showing that Montelukast highly potently prevents the activation of NF-κB signaling, which is a central pathway controlling the inflammatory response (Maeba et al., 2005). In regard to liver, Montelukast treatment improved hepatic fibrosis in rats in a bile duct ligation model by modulating hepatic expression of TGF-β, NF-κB, changing the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio, and mediating other hepatoprotective effects (El-Swefy and Hassanen, 2009; Kuru et al., 2015). In humans, the drug is usually well-tolerated and reported adverse drug-reactions are mild and similar in type and frequency to side effects induced by a placebo. However, it is already known for long time that some patients under Montelukast therapy occasionally developed bleeding tendency, allergic reactions, hepatitis, and joint pain, muscle aches, and muscle cramps (Russmann et al., 2003; Duchemin et al., 2004; Goldstein et al., 2004). Pu et al. (2019) tested whether the pharmacological inhibition of CysLTR1 by Montelukast impacts acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver failure in C57BL/6J mice. APAP-induced liver injury is a rather complex process in which intracellular and extracellular events are involved including mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum oxidative stress, sterile inflammation, microcirculatory dysfunction and liver regeneration (Yan et al., 2018). The authors found that Montelukast-induced CysLTR1 expression and significantly prevented drug-induced liver damage when given at 3 mg/kg body weight by gavage 1 h after APAP administration. In addition, the authors demonstrated that Montelukast upregulated hepatic GSH/ GSSH level, provoked expression of Glutathione S-transferase A2 (GSTA2), and prevented liver inflammation, oxidative stress, as well as activation of the c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) (Figure 1). Moreover, Montelukast was in vitro effective in blocking cell death and inflammation induced by