Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Review of Nutritional Characteristics of Organic Animal Foods: Eggs, Milk, and Meat

It is known there are many environmental benefits when food is grown in the organic system. However, there is little scientific evidence to identify the variations and the real benefits of the nutrient levels of organic food. Therefore this review aimed to clarify the nutritional characteristics of organic foods such as eggs, milk, and meat and highlight the importance of its production in the world and in Brazil. The research showed the difference between the profile of lipids on meats, eggs and dairy products obtained from both organic systems and conventional ones. For example, Conjugated Linolenic Acid (CLA), Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) can be higher in cheeses and meat, but not in eggs or chicken. The results for levels of protein, minerals or cholesterol from analyses are inconclusive. In conclusion, few studies show better nutritional value from organic eggs, milk or meat. However, we can claim that higher PUFA in meat and cheese give them a better quality as observed in the majority of the studies. The selected studies are organized and showed in tables with data of nutrients, food, and characteristics of the essay.
An introduction to language and society 3rd ed

In this new edition of the bestselling classic textbook, Martin Montgomery explores the key connections between language and social life. Guiding the student through discussions on child language, accent and dialect, social class and gender, as well as a number of other topics, Montgomery provides a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the function of language in modern society. This new edition includes: new sections on dialect leveling and estuary English; hip-hop and rapping as anti-language and 'crossing' between Creole, Panjabi and South Asian English; new material on the Gulf War and the 'War on Terror'; discussions on language in internet usage and new technologies; and, updated examples and references. With detailed suggestions for further reading and practical work for each chapter, An Introduction to Language and Society is the ideal resource for students and teachers of Communication Studies and Language Studies.
Developing A Clinical Trials Ontology: Comments on Domain Modeling and Ontological Reuse

We report on the methods used to conceptualize the domain of clinical trials, and on the reuse of concepts from another ontology. The goals of our clinical trials ontology are to (1) have a standardized representation for reporting trials of any experimental design, and (2) facilitate the use of trials data for multiple knowledge-based activities. To conceptualize the domain, we identified a target user group, metaanalysts, and explored their conceptualization of clinical trials. This informal conceptualization was then compared to the ontology from the T-Helper system, and the classes related to the modeling of protocols were reused. We also comment on efforts to collaborate with the user community in standardizing the ontology.
Analysis of SELDI mass spectra for biomarker discovery and cancer classification

The thesis focused on data analysis of surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) for biomarker discovery and cancer classification. It investigated quantitative measures of reproducibility and found that SELDI protein profiles are affected by sample storage and processing procedure. Two new peak alignment algorithms were proposed, one of which achieved the best performance when compared to the existing methods. The assumption of normality of SELDI protein profiles, on which the standard statistical methods are based, was examined. Normality tests and the multiple testing procedures revealed that SELDI protein profiles do not follow normal distributions, implying that it may be reliable to use non-parametric methods for detecting disease-associated proteins. A new normalisation algorithm was proposed, and was shown to give a better improvement of normality compared with the existing methods. An integrated algorithm to discover proteomic biomarkers for cancer diagnosis was proposed and applied to two published SELDI data sets. The results demonstrated that the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve method may be more reliable to determine the discriminatory powers of the identified biomarkers compared to Wilcoxon test. The methods for proteomic biomarker discovery presented here may be generalisable and applicable to other mass spectrometry and genomics approaches.
Student Interaction with a Computer Tablet Exam Application Replicating the Traditional Paper Exam

The purpose of this study was to develop a computer tablet-based examination application (TabExam) and to explore its potential to replace the traditional paper-based exams. It was completed in digital handwriting with a stylus pen and submitted online for marking and feedback. Comparisons of student exam scores on both the TabExam and a parallel traditional paperbased exam indicated no difference, suggesting that the change in exam mode did not affect academic performance. While students reported that the TabExam had some advantages over paper exams, they had a neutral view on using it as a complete replacement for paper-based exams. More than half of the students accessed the online feedback provided after the TabExam while none of the students requested feedback on their paper exams. In addition to the quantitative data, this paper also provides a students’ perspective into aspects that they perceive as positive or negative, or need improvement, with regards to the use of tablets for examinations.
on the design of a formal debugger for system architecture

System level design helps alleviate much of the burden of usual RTL level design except verification. Functional verification of system architecture may first seem easier at the higher level of abstraction. In fact, insight on fundamental aspects of semantics of system level design and impact on lower levels of abstraction makes it much harder. Formal verification has received till now little attention for functional verification of system architecture. However, formal verification may provide great benefits to the system level designers. In this paper, starting from the experiments we have conducted with analyzing and verifying SystemC models using formal verification techniques, we describe what a potentially very useful approach to build a formal debugger to verify system architectures designed using a modern system model language like SystemC or SystemVerilog. Key–Words: Formal debugger, SystemC, Hypergraphs, Abstract interpretation
Minimum Mass for Haptic Display Simulations

This paper addresses the issue of providing stability guarantees during the implementation of multibody simulations for haptic display. Within the framework of the virtual coupling, we discuss the passivity of the haptic display. Previous work has established that, if the numerical methods used in the virtual environment are discrete time passive, it is possible to decouple the stability of the device from the virtual environment simulation. In the present work, we prove that discrete time passive operators must be implicit, making them unlikely candidates for real time implementation. Given restrictions on environment parameters, however, passivity can sometimes be preserved even when using explicit numerical methods. An important benchmark simulation is that of a point mass, and restrictions take the form of a minimum mass that can be simulated passively. This minimum mass is derived for several simple numerical integrator-virtual coupling pairs.
A Pragmatic Textual Analysis of English Sales Letters

A sales letter appears typically at the initial stage of a business transaction, whose communicative purpose is to persuade readers to respond favorably to the product or service offered in the letter. This paper applies a pragmatic-oriented textual analysis to a 15 authentic English sales letter corpus with an aim at reporting its schematic structures at the macro level and the realization of politeness strategies at the micro level. The findings from the textual analysis can be used by language teachers to foster in students the development of a metacognitive awareness of the sales promotional genre. Also they can be introduced in the business writing course to increase the effectiveness of the instruction.
Pleural empyema in children.

Parapneumonic effusion and pleural empyema in children are more frequently encountered in the age group . 2 years. This is explained by routine vaccination with the pneumococcal conjugated vaccine for Streptococcus pneumoniae in children aged,2 years. In every child treated for a lower respiratory tract infection, a complicated pneumonia should be suspected in case of clinical changes. Differential diagnosis and treatment are based on radiographic assessment with ultrasonography and computed tomographic scan of the chest, and biochemical and microbiological analysis of the pleural fluid. For early cases of parapneumonic effusion, drainage with a small drain (f16 French) is advised. In the case of loculation or a pleural peel, thoracoscopic surgery is indicated. For more severe cases, a thoracotomy or a conservative treatment with surgery in a second stage is advised, especially for lung abscesses. Intrapleural fibrinolysis has shown contradictory results, but a recent prospective trial showed great promise for the combination of fibrinolysis and DNAse for stage 1 and 2 complicated pneumonia. *Dept of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, and Dept of Paediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Public Health and Surveillance, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, and National Reference Centre for Pneumococci, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
On least-cost path for realistic simulation of human motion

We are interested in "human-like" automatic motion simulation with applications in ergonomics. The apparent redundancy of the humanoid wrt its explicit tasks leads to the problem of choosing a plausible movement in the framework of redundant kinematics. Some results have been obtained in the human motion literature for reach motion that involves the position of the hands. We discuss these results and a motion generation scheme associated. When orientation is also explicitly required, very few works are available and even the methods for analysis are not defined. We discuss the choice for metrics adapted to the orientation, and also the problems encountered in defining a proper metric in both position and orientation. Motion capture and simulations are provided in both cases. The main goals of this paper are: to provide a survey on human motion features at task level for both position and orientation, to propose a kinematic control scheme based on these features, to define properly the error between motion capture and automatic motion simulation.
Erken Çocukluk Eğitimi ve Nöroplastisite

Bu calismanin amaci; erken cocukluk doneminde beyin gelisimi, noroplastisite ve erken cocukluk egitiminde noroplastisiteye bagli egitim iceriklerinin duzenlenmesine isik tutmaktir. Insan beyni ve sinir sistemi uzerinde yapilan son zamanlardaki calismalar beyne iliskin bilgilerin yeniden gozden gecirilmesini ve beynin gelisimi ve gelistirilmesi ile ilgili yeni sonuclar ortaya cikarmistir. Noroplastisite uzerinde oldukca fazla arastirma yapilan ve sonuclarinin bircok bilissel islevsellik alaninda kullanilabilecegine iliskin degerlendirmeler yapilan bir alandir. Noroplastisite, en basit anlamiyla beynin surekli kendisini yenileyebilme, yeni durumlara kendisini adapte edebilmesi, daha zengin ve daha islevsel sinir baglantilari olusturabilme kapasitesidir. Noroplastisite kapasitesi olumlu kosullar ve durumlarda gelistirilebilme ozelligine sahiptir. Ozellikle erken cocukluk doneminin noroplastisite gelisimi ile ilgili kritik donem olmasi acisindan bu yaslarda noroplastisite gelisimini tesvik etmek ve ust duzeye cikarmak mumkun olabilmektedir. Erken cocukluk egitiminin yapisi ve dogasina yonelik uygun mudahalelerin noroplastisite gelisimini artirabilecegi ve bu dogrultuda okul oncesi egitime daha fazla onem verilmesi ortaya cikmaktadir.
Female age at marriage in India: trends and determinants.

This article describes trends and determinants of female age at marriage in India and among its states. Data were obtained from the 1992-93 National Family Health Survey for India and its 24 states. The average age at marriage rose from 12.5 years during 1921-31 to 15.6 years in 1951 and to 20.0 years in 1992-93. Female singulate mean age at marriage (SMAM) rose by a single year every decade after 1951. The proportion of ever-married females aged under 20 years declined during 1971-91. Among rural women about 48% of women aged 40-44 years and only 32% aged 20-24 years were married by the age of 15 years. Marriage age by state varied widely in 1992-93. SMAM was lowest in Rajasthan at 17.5 years followed closely by Madhya Pradesh and Bihar. Declines in marriage age between younger and older cohorts were sharp in rural West Bengal the Jammu region of Jammu-Kashmir Maharashtra and Orissa. Coales nuptiality model indicates that there were four distinct groups of states: almost completed nuptiality transition later age at marriage high proportions of child marriages and little progress toward change. Bongaarts model indicates that the impact of marriage age on fertility was highest in Kerala and lowest in Madhya Pradesh Uttar Pradesh Bihar Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh. The determinants of late marriage in Kerala and Tamil Nadu were female education work participation religious affiliation and other cultural factors. In Gujarat and West Bengal the determinants were the same modernization factors as in Kerala. In Uttar Pradesh the key determinants were low levels of female education and family background.
Hemodialysis reverses acyclovir-induced nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity

Acyclovir-induced nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity were first described more than two decades ago. There is, however, relatively limited experience with regard to the treatment of acyclovir intoxication by hemodialysis (HD). We present a case of acyclovir-induced nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity that was successfully treated by HD. A 67-year-old male patient developed rapidly progressing acute renal failure accompanied by severe changes in mental status following the administration of intravenous acyclovir (60 mg/kg/day) for 2 days to treat presumptive herpetic encephalitis. The cumulative dose of acyclovir-the half-life of which is greatly prolonged in patients with renal failure-was 6,000 mg. Because of the resulting severe neurological symptoms and the high level of plasma acyclovir (15.2 pg/ml), two 4-hour HD sessions were conducted, resulting in a dramatic resolution of the neurological symptoms and a reduction of the plasma acyclovir (2.3 pg/ml). It is concluded that HD can play an important role in resolving cases of acyclovir-induced neurotoxicity, especially when accompanied by renal failure.
Scalable Equivalence Checking for Behavioral Synthesis

Behavioral synthesis is the process of compiling an Electronic System Level (ESL) design to a register-transfer level (RTL) implementation. ESL specifications define the design functionality at a high level of abstraction (e.g., with C/C++ or SystemC), and thus provide a promising approach to address the exacting demands to develop feature-rich, optimized, and complex hardware systems within aggressive time-to-market schedules. Behavioral synthesis entails application of complex and error-prone transformations during the compilation process. Therefore, the adoption of behavioral synthesis highly depends on our ability to ensure that the synthesized RTL conforms to the ESL description. This dissertation provides an end-to-end scalable equivalence checking support for behavioral synthesis. The major challenge of this research is to bridge the huge semantic gap between the ESL and RTL descriptions, which makes the direct comparison of designs in ESL and RTL difficult. Moreover, a large number and a wide variety of aggressive transformations from front-end to back-end require an end-to-end scalable checking framework. A behavioral synthesis flow can be divided into three major phases, including 1) front-end : compiler transformations, 2) scheduling : assigning each operation a clock cycle and satisfying the user-specified constraints, and 3) back-end : local optimizations and RTL generation. In our end-to-end and incremental equivalence checking framework, we check each of the three phases one by one. Firstly, we check
HS2: Active Learning over Hypergraphs

We propose a hypergraph-based active learning scheme which we term $HS^2$, $HS^2$ generalizes the previously reported algorithm $S^2$ originally proposed for graph-based active learning with pointwise queries [Dasarathy et al., COLT 2015]. Our $HS^2$ method can accommodate hypergraph structures and allows one to ask both pointwise queries and pairwise queries. Based on a novel parametric system particularly designed for hypergraphs, we derive theoretical results on the query complexity of $HS^2$ for the above described generalized settings. Both the theoretical and empirical results show that $HS^2$ requires a significantly fewer number of queries than $S^2$ when one uses $S^2$ over a graph obtained from the corresponding hypergraph via clique expansion.
Complementary feeding of young children in developing countries: a review of current scientific knowledge.

This review is intended primarily for health professionals and others concerned with the nutrition health and well-being of children. The objective is to provide the background information that is necessary for the development of scientifically sound feeding recommendations and appropriate intervention programmes to enhance childrens dietary intake and nutrition status. Although much of the information may be relevant for young children in industrialized countries the review focuses on the particular needs of children in low-income settings and the recommendations have been formulated with consideration for the economic and environmental constraints that are common in developing countries. The review is organized in nine sections. An introductory chapter provides the rationale for the exercise and defines some of the terms used. Chapter 2 discusses the importance of breast-feeding and the appropriate age of introduction of complementary foods and breast-feeding duration. Chapter 3 is devoted to technical information including energy requirements at different ages feeding frequency energy density and organoleptic characteristics of food while Chapter 4 discusses protein and micronutrients. Chapter 5 considers the role of caregivers chapter 6 food processing and food safety chapter 7 child feeding practices and childrens dietary intake and chapter 8 a range of programmatic interventions to promote improved child feeding. Lastly chapter 9 summarizes current conclusions regarding appropriate child feeding and future research needs. (excerpt)
Approximate Evaluation of Label-Constrained Reachability Queries

The current surge of interest in graph-based data models mirrors the usage of increasingly complex reachability queries, as witnessed by recent analytical studies on real-world graph query logs. Despite the maturity of graph DBMS capabilities, complex label-constrained reachability queries, along with their corresponding aggregate versions, remain difficult to evaluate. In this paper, we focus on the approximate evaluation of counting label-constrained reachability queries. We offer a human-explainable solution to graph Approximate Query Processing (AQP). This consists of a summarization algorithm (GRASP), as well as of a custom visualization plug-in, which allows users to explore the obtained summaries. We prove that the problem of node group minimization, associated to the creation of GRASP summaries, is NP-complete. Nonetheless, our GRASP summaries are reasonably small in practice, even for large graph instances, and guarantee approximate graph query answering, paired with controllable error estimates. We experimentally gauge the scalability and efficiency of our GRASP algorithm, and verify the accuracy and error estimation of the graph AQP module. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first system capable of handling visualization-driven approximate graph analytics for complex label-constrained reachability queries.
Wireless at the "Connected Games": How the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games Utilized the Latest Wi-Fi Technology

—The London 2012 Olympic and Paraolympic Games drew together tens of thousands of people in the form of athletes, organisers, media, VIPs, public and many more groups and individuals. With the growth in smart phones and tablets coupled with the ever expanding volume and range of content accessed via Aps and browsers, this huge volume of people expected connectivity from their mobile devices during their time on the Olympic sites. It was BT’s role in the games as the oﬃcial communications services partner to deliver Wi-Fi connectivity across the venues, covering the range of users from the public, athletes, organisers and ticket scanners. This paper examines this state of the art Wi-Fi solution.
Development & implementation of the Phytotest project

Introduction The Irish shellfish industry, worth approximately €60 million to the economy in 2006 (Browne et al., 2007), is adversely affected by the presence of harmful microalgae such as Dinophysis and Pseudo-nitzschia species. Several Dinophysis species have been shown to produce okadaic acid and dinophysistoxins (DTXs), which are associated with Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP). The DSP toxin producing species D. acuta and D. acuminata occur in Irish coastal waters throughout the year, primarily from late Spring through to early Autumn, and the majority of closures of Irish mussel-farms during the summer months are attributed to their presence. Members of the Pseudo-nitzschia genus are the causative agents of Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP) in scallops. In 2005, an extended toxicity period caused by ASP and DSP resulted in prolonged closures at many sites. The first closures due to ASP toxicity in rope mussels occurred in that year.
Optimization of the Belief Propagation algorithm for Luby Transform decoding over the Binary Erasure Channel.

Live-streaming media applications over the Internet are characterized by time deadlines and bandwidth constraints. Reliability over the Internet has been provided traditionally by the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) based on retransmissions. However, resending the missed information leads to a waste in time and bandwidth. Erasure correcting codes can be used as an alternative to TCP. In this thesis, we consider the use of Luby Transform (LT) codes, which are part of the Digital Fountain (DF) codes. LT codes show a low encoding and decoding time as opposite to other erasure codes as Reed-Solomon (RS) and Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes. They are also the first realization of rateless codes, where the number of encoded symbols is potentially limitless. Therefore, they are suitable for Internet applications, where the channel conditions can change very fast or be unknown. The accepted efficient decoding algorithm for LT codes is the Belief Propagation (BP) algorithm, unfortunaly it shows a rather poor performance when used with small sizes of message symbols. This turns out to be a limitation in live-streaming applications, as they should wait until that number of source symbols have been received for attempting decoding. In our project, we explore optimisations of the BP decoding process for LT codes when the number of information symbols is small. We present two new decoding algorithms that improve the performance of BP while keeping a low complexity. We show simulation results of the new LT decoding algorithms success rate and complexity versus overhead when used with small sizes, proving the gain in performance compare with BP.