Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding Activities and Intentions for Human-Robot Interaction

As robots move from the factory and into the daily lives of men, women, and children around the world, it is becoming increasingly clear that the skills they will require are vastly different from the majority of skills with which they were programmed in the 20th century. In fact, it would appear that many of these skills will center on the challenge of interacting with humans, rather than with machine parts or other robots. To this end, modern-day roboticists are actively studying the problem of human-robot interaction – how best to create robots that can interact with humans, usually in a social setting. Among the many problems of human robot interaction, one of the most interesting is the problem of intent recognition: the problem of predicting the intentions of a person, usually just by observing that person. If we understand intentions to be non-observable goal-directed mental activities, then we may (quite understandably) view the intent recognition problem for robots as one of reading peoples’ minds. As grandiose as this claim may sound, we believe that this understanding of intent recognition is quite reasonable; it is this interpretation that we seek to justify in the following pages. Every day, humans observe one another and on the basis of their observations “read people’s minds,” correctly inferring the intentions of others. Moreover, this ability is regarded not as remarkable, but as entirely ordinary and effortless. If we hope to build robots that are similarly capable of successfully interacting with people in a social setting, we must endow our robots with an ability to understand humans' intentions. In this paper, we review the intent recognition problem, and provide as an example a system we have been developing to recognize human intentions. Our approach is ultimately based on psychological and neuroscientific evidence for a theory of mind (Premack & Woodruff, 1978), which suggests that the ease with which humans recognize the intentions of others is the result of an innate mechanism for representing, interpreting, and predicting other's actions. The mechanism relies on taking the perspective of others (Gopnick & Moore, 1994), which allows humans to correctly infer intentions. Although this process is innate to humans, it does not take place in a vacuum. Intuitively, it would seem that our understanding of others' intentions depend heavily on the contexts in which we find ourselves and those we observe. This intuition is supported by Source: Human-Robot Interaction, Book edited by: Daisuke Chugo, ISBN 978-953-307-051-3, pp. 288, February 2010, INTECH, Croatia, downloaded from SCIYO.COM
Reactive Oxygen Species and Sperm Cells

Many cases of male factor infertility are idiopathic, but 30–40% of cases may have excessive levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in their semen. The origins of endogenous ROS are leukocytes and immature spermatozoa, and external causes are various. On the contrary, seminal plasma contains various antioxidants. Low levels of ROS are essential for the fertilization process, but excessive levels of ROS lead to oxidative stress and can have harmful effects such as lipid peroxidation of a membrane, sperm deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation, and apoptosis on the fertile capacity. In order to evaluate oxidative stress appropriately, ROS is measured by the chemiluminescence method with neat semen and quantification of 8-OH-2′-deoxyguanosine and malondialdehyde in seminal plasma. Antioxidant potential is often measured using total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assay. The oxidation-reduction potential measured by a MiOXSYS analyzer is a novel, easier, quicker, and less expensive technology to measure oxidative stress. In order to minimize oxidative stress and improve clinical outcomes, sperm-sorting methods, lifestyle modifications, shortening the ejaculatory abstinence, and treatments such as oral antioxidants, varicocelectomy, and testicular sperm extraction are taken into account. As a future prospect, proteomics, metabolomics, and genomics are still developing areas that have the potential to discover new findings and highly sensitive biomarkers.
The Effect of Resistance Training on Telomere Length in Women Recovering from Breast Cancer

The purpose of this exploratory analysis was to examine the effects of resistance training (RT) on leukocyte telomere length in breast cancer survivors. Samples from 33 breast cancer survivors were analysed following a 16-week RT or usual care intervention (RT: n = 19, control: n = 14). The RT group performed supervised exercise three times per week. Leukocyte telomere length was assessed before and after training using quantitative PCR. Changes in telomere length were analysed using ANCOVA, with the change score being the dependent variable, and the baseline value the covariate. Effect sizes (ES) were calculated via partial eta squared. We found a non-statistically significant change in telomere length, and a small associated ES in the RT group compared to the control group for change in telomere length (p = 0.78, ES = 0.003). Our exploratory study demonstrates that a 16-week RT intervention does not have a significant effect on telomere length in women recovering from breast cancer. Therefore, RT is a safe intervention that does not accelerate biological ageing.
Synthesis, Characterization and Studies on Antimicrobial Properties of Copper Nanocomposite

Copper nanocomposite has been synthesized by simple chemical precipitation method. Firstly, the polymer metal complex was synthesized which was followed by the application of calcination technique. The synthesized polymer metal complex was analyzed by (IR) infra-red spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Thereafter chemical composition and crystallographic structure of nanocomposite was confirmed by XRD measurement, which reveals that crystal system and size of nanoparticles is 19.34. While the scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images were taken for finer details of surface morphology of nanocomposite. These synthesized nanocomposites were also studied for antimicrobial activity.
TECOMÁN EARTHQUAKE: PHYSICAL IMPLICATIONS OF SEISMIC SOURCE MODELING, APPLYING THE EMPIRICAL GREEN'S FUNCTION METHOD, AND EVIDENCE OF NONLINEAR BEHAVIOR OF GROUND

In this study, we generate a source model for the Tecoman Mexico earthquake of January 22, 2003. The presence of soft soils and the location of eight of the ten major cities of Colima state in its earthquake prone area are important factors to model the seismic source. We model in the frequency interval of 1–10 Hz, because many buildings, bridges and civil construction have their dominant vibration periods in this range. For generating the model, we apply the empirical Green’s function method (EGFM) considering the Tecoman earthquake ( W M = 7.5) as the target event and the November 19, 2006 ( W M = 5.5) earthquake as the element event. At the recording site of MANZ, we did a spectral analysis to compare weak and strong ground motions in order to identify if some energy distribution is biased and concentrated at certain frequencies in the frequency interval of 1–10 Hz. The synthetic waveforms and Fourier spectra show good fitting with the observed ones at five stations. The latter roughly correspond to the dislocation model found by Yagi et al. (2004).
Uncovering the dynamics of interaction in development cooperation: a review of the ‘new actors in development’ research agenda

The rising prominence of new state and non-state actors in international politics has stimulated extensive discussion in the social sciences over the last decade and development cooperation has been a central arena for conceptualising the encounter between old and new powers. This working paper critically reflects on the substantial body of scholarship that seeks to document the characteristics of new actors in international development and chart the consequences of their engagement for global development governance. This review underlines the importance of questioning the homogeneity of actor constellations, relationships and ideas. Specifically, it addresses the extent to which the commonly-used binary concepts of development cooperation provider groups adequately capture relevant distinctions among the actors and add analytical value to research on development cooperation. The paper advocates adopting more analytically and conceptually diverse approaches to study the interaction between heterogeneous development actors and homogenising forces in the field of development cooperation, recognising the complexity and (dis)continuities of stability and change in this arena.
A Promising Approach for Expanding and Sustaining School-Wide Positive Behavior Support

Educators and psychologists are concerned about problem behavior. Fortunately, effective interventions and practices have been documented for addressing this problem behavior. However, sustained and expanded uses of these interventions and practices have not been consistent or widespread. One promising approach to the systemic and sustained implementation of these practices is school-wide positive behavior support (SWPBS). The SWPBS effort emphasizes an integration of measurable outcomes, data-based decision making, evidence-based practices, and overt support systems for implementers. This behaviorally based, comprehensive systems approach is suggested as a means of achieving durable implementation of effective school-based interventions. Although the SWPBS approach is conceptually sound and comprised of supportable behavioral practices, further systems-level demonstrations and validations of efficacy, effectiveness, and expansion are recommended.
THE COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF TWO FATIGUE PROTOCOLS ON TRICEPS SURAE MUSCULOTENDINOUS STIFFNESS IN HEALTHY FEMALE STUDENTS

Background : Previous studies have investigated different effects of muscle fatigue on body systems. However, there are no reports on the effect of fatigue protocol and its level on musculotendinous stiffness (MTS) of the tricep-surae. This study was designed to compare the effects of 2 levels of submaximal fatigue contraction on MTS of triceps-surae. Methods: Twenty female students by simple randomized sampling participated in this study. Triceps-surae musculotendinous stiffness was measured before and after two fatigue protocols. The fatigue protocols were comprised of a continuous isometric voluntary plantar flexion contraction (25% and 70% maximum voluntary contraction) until the contraction could no longer be maintained. The free oscillation technique was used to measure MTS of the triceps-surae. A Kistler force plate was used to measure the force applied. Results: Musculotendinous stiffness decreased immediately after both fatigue protocols (P value ≤ 0.05). Data analysis with RM ANOVA showed that there was no significant difference between the two protocols with respect to the decrease in MTS stiffness of the triceps-surae. Moreover, the decrease in stiffness did not change for 15 min after the two fatigue protocols (P>0.05). Conclusion: Musculotendinous stiffness of the triceps-surae decreased significantly after both fatigue protocols, and there was no significant difference between the two protocols with respect to change in triceps-surae musculotendinous stiffness. This result may be due to similar type of contraction in protocols, the learning effect, or the effect of central fatigue.
Repressive effect of curcumin against 2-amino-3-methylimidazo [4, 5-f] quinoline induced hepato- and immunotoxicity in mice

The mutagenic heterocyclic amine, 2-amino-3-methylimidazo [4,5-f] quinoline (IQ), produced during cooking of protein rich foods is known to affect liver. Curcumin, a component of turmeric Curcuma longa L. , is a safe agent characterized with powerful therapeutic potential. In this study, we explored the possible protective role of curcumin against IQ induced liver damages on immunological, serological, inflammatory and apoptotic levels. Mice were administered IQ alone or IQ and curcumin together for 1, 15 and 30 days. Our results revealed that IQ exerts time dependent down regulation of p53 and upregulation of bcl2 in mice liver, no significant changes were observed in bax and cleaved caspase 3 levels. Curcumin coadministration increased the levels of p53, Bax and cleaved caspase 3 and reduced the level of Bcl2 compared with their levels in IQ treated mice. In addition, it was found that curcumin co-administration protects against IQ-induced modulations of some selected serum proteins, leucocytes percentage and cytokines level. Also, the curcumin protected liver cells from IQ-induced inflammation as detected by mRNA level of the inflammatory marker Ccl5. We conclude that the dietary curcumin is a powerful repressive natural agent against IQ-induced liver injury.
Più and Dictionary Syntax: A Case Study

The aim of this paper* is to show that the insertion of appropriate part of speech indicators will ease the work of lexicographers in defining the grammatical context of use for function words. By appropriate lexical categories I mean syntactic labels drawn not only from the traditional descriptive grammars, but also from current (formal) syntactic theories. To prove this hypothesis I have analysed how Italian dictionaries 2 deal with entries used in comparative constructions. More specifically, the attention has been focused on the piu-dilche ('more-than') pair, trying to determine how far dictionary definitions miss generalizations and ignore syntactic constraints placed on the use of these words.
Cytological quality of milk of primiparous cows kept in cubicles bedded with separated manure

Abstract. A study was conducted on the effect of separated manure as bedding material on milk quality as manifested in the somatic cell count. Cows were maintained in a loose barn in cubicles bedded with fresh separated cattle manure (SCM) with 40 % solids content. Analyses were conducted on 242 primiparous Polish Black and White Holstein-Friesian cows in the course of a 305-day lactation. Mean milk yield in that period amounted to over 9000 kg per cow. Somatic cell counts, daily milk yields and chemical composition of milk were analysed. Data were obtained from analyses of 2324 milk samples. It was found that 93.3 % of samples contained less than 400 000 somatic cells per 1 mL milk. Approximately 4.3 % of milk samples contained the number of somatic cells indicating subclinical mastitis (200 000 cells mL−1), while in 2.4 % it was clinical mastitis (> 800 000 cells mL−1). The incidence rate for both forms of mastitis was similar in the beginning and at the end of lactation. Mean daily milk yield of cows producing milk classified according to quality (SCC) grades 1 ( cells mL−1) was statistically significantly greater than the yields of other cows. For analysed milk constituents a relationship was found between SCC classes and contents of milk fat and solids. Conducted analyses showed that SCM as bedding in cow cubicles had no effect on somatic cell counts in milk of primiparous cows. The study was conducted in a single holding, in one lactation, on cows calving in 2014.
The Main Factors Should Be Considered by TNCS to Choose a Country as Emerging Market

This paper is to valuate the main factors that should be considered by TNCS (transnational corporations) when they want to choose a country as emerging market. The main factors include the advantages of TNCS as well as the key conditions of the country. This paper takes the Wal-Mart for example, as the Wal-Mart is the representative transnational corporation, which chose China as emerging market years ago, and grows to an efficient scale now. This paper firstly uses the Eclectic Theory to analyze the advantages of the Wal-Mart, and secondly uses the Porter diamond Model to analyze environment in China. The conclusion of report will get ideas for TNCS to evaluate whether a country is qualified for an emerging market more efficiently.
Empirical Analysis of Causal Relationship between Electricity Production and Consumption Demand in Turkey Using Cobb-Douglas Model

Energy is one of the most crucial data of economical and social development in Turkey. Therefore, energy planners have to design different policies to direct justifiable energy consumption for which various modeling techniques need to be adopted. In this study, the main idea is the causality relationship between electricity production - consumption demand and economical growth in per capita and aggregate levels in the emerging economies during the period 2003 - 2014 by using Cobb Douglas Model and Granger causality tests. Electricity production and consumption demand in Turkey are studied through economical models for residential and industrial sectors. Industrial sector is the largest electricity consuming sector in Turkey. The economical model developed here focuses on the use of only significant variables that are not collinear. Hence, statistical tests have been used to recommend significant economical models. In Turkey, between 2003 and 2014, while real per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth averaged 16.3% per annum, annual electricity production and consumption growth averaged 11.67 %. In spite of the fact that real per capita GDP and electricity consumption demand are positively correlated, it is still not clear the direction of causality between real per capita GDP, electricity consumption. The positive impact of electricity production and consumption demand on the economical growth and the bidirectional causality between economical growth and electricity consumption are evaluated. The analysis shows that not all the socio - economic variables used in other studies can be useful for model representation for Turkey’s electricity consumption. The chosen models provide a very small absolute difference with actual electricity consumption demand. Recently, government has been focusing in industrial development in non - hydrocarbon sectors. So, the study of electricity production and consumption in these two sectors is considered as significant. An understanding of relationship between electricity consumption and various socio - economic variables is expected to help the planners to make appropriate generation and transmission planning in the country.
Limited memory bundle algorithm for inequality constrained nondifferentiable optimization

Many practical optimization problems involve nonsmooth (that is, not necessarily differentiable) functions of hundreds or thousands of variables with various constraints. In this paper, we describe a new efficient adaptive limited memory interior point bundle method for large, possible nonconvex, nonsmooth inequality constrained optimization. The method is a hybrid of the nonsmooth variable metric bundle method and the smooth limited memory variable metric method, and the constraint handling is based on the primal-dual feasible direction interior point approach. The preliminary numerical experiments to be presented confirm the effectiveness of the method.
Fransız , Japon , Koreli , İsveçli ve Amerikalı Yaşıtlarıyla

Cross-national studies demonstrate that the East Asian students are more successful relative to their Western counterparts in mathematics. In these studies, there are some evidences indicating the effect of East Asian numerical language on mathematical thinking, especially on cognitive representation of number and understanding of base-ten concepts. It is hypothesized that language characteristics on representing numerical concepts could be an important factor in East Asian students’ success. The aim of this study was to add Turkey, whose numerical language characteristics are between East Asian and Western language groups, to these research studies. According to our hypothesis, Turkish students are expected to perform at a level between East Asian and Western students. It was found that Turkish students performed slightly better than Western students, but much lower than all East Asian students in the study. So, it is concluded that language seems to be a minimal factor in mathematical thinking and learning. Also, when it is considered that Turkey is below all of these countries in cross-national test results such as TIMSS, PISA, it can be claimed that apart from language there might be other factors for mathematical performance
When is Trade Good for the Poor? Evidence from Recent Literature

The paper reviews recent literature that tries to find the relationship of trade with economic growth, poverty and inequality. The analysis suggests that trade may be good for the poor but if it leads to inequality especially in industrial wages, it may be detrimental to sustainable economic development. A valid strategy to make trade good for growth and the poor is to invest in education at all levels. A gender sensitive education policy may go a long way in sowing the seeds of better economic management.
Risk faktors for fracture in middle-aged men and women

The number of fractures is increasing worldwide, and fractures frequently cause long-term disability, impaired quality of life and sometimes death. The Malmo Preventive Project, a population-based, prospective study, consisting of 22 444 men, mean age 44 and 10 902 women, mean age 50 years, provides data for evaluation of common public health conditions, such as fracture and diabetes. The follow-up was 19 and 15 years for men and women, respectively. Multiple risk factors for fracture were identified. In women, the most important risk factors were advancing age (relative risk RR 1.56, Confidence Interval 95% 1.45-1.68), previous fracture (RR 2.00, CI 95% 1.56-2.58) and diabetes (RR 1.87, CI 95% 1.26-2,79). In men, advancing age (RR 1.19, CI 95% 1.12-1.26), mental health problems (RR 1.92, CI 95% 1.47-2.51), increased levels of ? glutamyl transferase (RR 1.24, CI 95% 1.18-1.31) and diabetes (RR 2.38, CI 95% 1.65-3.42) were major risk contributors. Impaired glucose tolerance, evaluated through an oral glucose tolerance test, was in both genders associated with a substantially decreased risk of fractures, independent of age, BMI and smoking. This thesis has identified multiple risk factors for low-energy fracture, in both men and women, highlighting diabetes and mental health problems as major contributors in this age group. Current management strategies and therapeutic guidelines are not addressing a number of the identified risk factors. Subsequently, risk assessment can be substantially improved by adding these risk factors to intervention algorithms for middle-aged individuals.