Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dental caries, gingivitis and the treatment needs among 12-year-olds.

BACKGROUND One of the World Health Organisation (WHO) global health goals stated that the global average for dental caries should not have been more than 3 DMFT at 12 years of age by the year 2000. However, the prevalence of dental caries, gingivitis and dental treatment needs among 12-year-old children in many regions of the developing world had then hardly been investigated. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis and the dental treatment needs among 12-year-old children in Kitale Municipality in North- Western Kenya. DESIGN Descriptive cross-sectional study. SETTING Primary schools in Kitale Municipality. SUBJECTS Two hundred and ninety two children aged 12 years were randomly selected from eight schools that were also randomly selected. Data were collected according to the WHO Oral Health Survey Methods. The children were examined for decayed (D), missing due to decay (M) and filled teeth and the caries experience using the DMFT index was computed. Gingivitis and treatment needs were assessed using the CPITN index. RESULTS The overall prevalence of dental caries was 50.3% while its prevalence when only the permanent teeth were considered was 44.5% with a mean DMFT of 0.92 +/-50 1.36. Girls had a significantly higher caries experience (DMFT) than boys (p<0.05). The main treatment need indicated for decayed teeth was one surface restoration with 46.9% of all the children requiring this kind of treatment. Endodontics was indicated in 7.5% of the children while extractions were the least required treatment with 5.1% of the children examined requiring this treatment. The prevalence of gingivitis was 77.7%. Out of these 38.7% of the children required professional dental care entailing scaling and oral prophylaxis. CONCLUSION The prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis was high hence there was greater need for one surface restoration and full mouth scaling for these children. School based oral health programme to improve oral hygiene of these children is recommended.
Effects of prior information on decoding degraded speech: An fMRI study

Expectations and prior knowledge are thought to support the perceptual analysis of incoming sensory stimuli, as proposed by the predictive‐coding framework. The current fMRI study investigated the effect of prior information on brain activity during the decoding of degraded speech stimuli. When prior information enabled the comprehension of the degraded sentences, the left middle temporal gyrus and the left angular gyrus were activated, highlighting a role of these areas in meaning extraction. In contrast, the activation of the left inferior frontal gyrus (area 44/45) appeared to reflect the search for meaningful information in degraded speech material that could not be decoded because of mismatches with the prior information. Our results show that degraded sentences evoke instantaneously different percepts and activation patterns depending on the type of prior information, in line with prediction‐based accounts of perception. Hum Brain Mapp 35:61–74, 2014. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modeling Risk Management in Oligopolistic Electricity Markets: A Benders Decomposition Approach

This paper presents a model for addressing the market risk management problem faced by a hydrothermal generation company trading in an oligopolistic market. The risk is due to uncertainty in fuel prices, power demand, water inflows, and electricity prices. The model permits the representation of a diversified generation portfolio and measures risk exposure by means of conditional value at risk. The model is formulated and solved as a stochastic linear complementarity problem. In order to deal with realistically sized problems, Bender's decomposition technique is adapted to solve equilibrium models. A numerical example illustrates the possibilities of the algorithm we propose.
La enfermedad de amor en Lucrecio y Catulo: dos visiones opuestas de un mismo tópico literario

En el presente articulo nos proponemos llevar a cabo un analisis desde una perspectiva comparatista de la presencia del topico literario de la �enfermedad de amor� en la obra de dos autores coetaneos como son Lucrecio y Catulo. Este analisis nos permitira, no solo conocer mejor la manera de pensar de cada uno de estos autores, sino, ademas y mas importante aun, mostrar el modo en que el topico evoluciono con ellos e indagar en las razones de dicha evolucion.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva in the south of Israel: A study of 50 cases

Background and Objectives: Vulvar carcinoma accounts for 4.9% of all female genital tract malignancies in the south of Israel. The most common histologic type is squamous cell carcinoma (82%). The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical findings, treatment, and outcome of patients with vulvar squamous cell carcinoma in the south of Israel.
The Jumonji family: past, present and future of histone demethylases in cancer

Abstract The first Jumonji gene was cloned in 1995 by Takeuchi et al. [Takeuchi T, Yamazaki Y, Katoh-Fukui Y, Tsuchiya R, Kondo S, Motoyama J, Higashinakagawa T. Gene trap capture of a novel mouse gene, jumonji, required for neural tube formation. Genes Dev 1995; 9: 1211–22. ]. Several genes sharing similar biological features have since been discovered, and are currently grouped into the JMJ family. Interestingly, their deregulation has been associated with cardiac disease, obesity, neurological disorders and cancer. One of the mechanisms underlying their function is gene expression modulation via histone post-translational modifications (PTMs). Increasing evidence of Jumonji deregulation in tumours such as colon, prostate, haematological and breast cancer is continually emerging, hence the need to acquire a better understanding. The Genesapiens.org database of patient arrays allows target expression levels to be investigated in a wide range of cancers, corroborating and extending the role of the JMJ family. Here, we provide an overview of the expression profile and regulation of JMJ family members in cancer, examining the most recent literature in the light of analyses drawn from this database.
Differences between ethnic groups in physical working capacity.

Maximum oxygen intake per kilogram body weight of Caucasian, Bantu, and Bushmen males in a similar state of physical training are not significantly different, being about 48 ml/min kg. This figure is similar to that of Robinson's Negro sharecroppers and to the U. S. Army recruits of Taylor et al. Very highly trained men, i.e., Astrand's gymnasts and international class athletes, have higher values. Landy's is 76 ml/min kg. Sedentary existence reduces this figure to about 40 ml/min kg. Oxygen consumption plotted against work rate is significantly lower for Bantu men than for Caucasian; Bushmen are like the Bantu. Ventilation volume (BTPS) plotted against oxygen consumption is about 30 liters/ liter oxygen consumption at 6,000 ft altitude, compared with 20.6 liters for Astrand's men at sea level. Submitted on July 1, 1962
Epac1‐induced cellular proliferation in prostate cancer cells is mediated by B‐Raf/ERK and mTOR signaling cascades

cAMP‐dependent, PKA‐independent effects on cell proliferation are mediated by cAMP binding to EPAC and activation of Rap signaling. In this report, we employed the analogue 8‐CPT‐2‐O‐Me‐cAMP to study binding to EPAC and subsequent activation of B‐Raf/ERK and mTOR signaling in human cancer cells. This compound significantly stimulated DNA synthesis, protein synthesis, and cellular proliferation of human 1‐LN prostate cancer cells. By study of phosphorylation‐dependent activation, we demonstrate that EPAC‐mediated cellular effects require activation of the B‐Raf/ERK and mTOR signaling cascades. RNAi directed against EPAC gene expression as well as inhibitors of ERK, PI 3‐kinase, and mTOR were employed to further demonstrate the role of these pathways in regulating prostate cancer cell proliferation. These studies were then extended to several other human prostate cancer cell lines and melanoma cells with comparable results. We conclude that B‐Raf/ERK and mTOR signaling play an essential role in cAMP‐dependent, but PKA‐independent, proliferation of cancer cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 998–1011, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes of Respiratory Mechanics in COPD Patients from Stable State to Acute Exacerbations with Respiratory Failure

ABSTRACT Symptoms, clinical course, functional and biological data during an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (EXCOPD) have been investigated, but data on physiological changes of respiratory mechanics during a severe exacerbation with respiratory acidosis requiring noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) are scant. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes of respiratory mechanics in COPD patients comparing data observed during EXCOPD with those observed during stable state in the recovery phase. In 18 COPD patients having severe EXCOPD requiring NIMV for global respiratory failure, we measured respiratory mechanics during both EXCOPD (T0) and once the patients achieved a stable state (T1). The diaphragm and inspiratory muscles effort was significantly increased under relapse, as well as the pressure-time product of the diaphragm and the inspiratory muscle (PTPdi and PTPes). The resistive loads to breathe (i.e., PEEPi,dyn, compliance and inspiratory resistances) were also markedly increased, while the maximal pressures generated by the diaphragm and the inspiratory muscles, together with forced expired volumes were decreased. All these indices statistically improved but with a great intrasubject variability in stable condition. Moreover, tension-time index (TTdi) significantly improved from the EXCOPD state to the condition of clinical stability (0.156 ± 0.04 at T0 vs. 0.082 ± 0.02 at T1 p < 0.001). During an EXCOPD, the load/capacity of the respiratory pump is impaired, and although the patients exhibit a rapid shallow breathing pattern, this does not necessarily correlate with a TTdi ≥ 0.15. These changes are reverted once they recover from the EXCOPD, despite a large variability between patients.
A Background Modeling-Based Faithful Approach to the Disocclusion Problem in Depth Image-Based Rendering

In this paper, we address the disocclusion problem that occurs during view synthesis in depth image-based rendering (DIBR). We propose a method that can recover faithful texture information for disoccluded areas. In contrast to common disocclusion filling methods, which usually work frame-by-frame, our algorithm can take information from temporally neighboring frames into account. This way, we are able to reconstruct a faithful filling for the disocclusion regions and not just an approximate or plausible one. Our method avoids artifacts that occur with common approaches and can additionally reduce compression artifacts at object boundaries.
A practical example of a software factory : building a custom application for analysing EU Cyber Physical System ( CPS ) projects using Open Source

This paper is a retrospective analysis describing the development of a custom tool to organise data snippets derived from a substantial body of information, and a summary of the insights that this means of analysis provided in a very short time scale. The creation of data driven visualisations are of particular interest as they uncovered more cross-domain aspects of CyberPhysical Systems projects than expert opinion had anticipated. These findings will be discussed fully in a second paper. The focus here is the development of the "Vulture" data scavenging tool using Open Source software as system components to create a custom application to serve the data collection and analysis requirements of a REA (Rapid Evidence Assessment) work-package within an EU funded project, Road2CPS.
Adapting Stanford's Chronic Disease Self-Management Program to Hawaii's multicultural population.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Stanford's Chronic Disease Self-Management Program (CDSMP) has been proven to increase patients' ability to manage distress. We describe how we replicated CDSMP in Asian and Pacific Islander (API) communities. DESIGN AND METHODS We used the "track changes" tool to deconstruct CDSMP into its various components (e.g., recruitment and staffing) and the "adaptation traffic light" to identify allowable modifications to the original program. We monitored local leaders' fidelity of delivery of CDSMP and tracked participants' attendance, satisfaction, and 6-month outcomes. RESULTS Between July 2007 and February 2010, 584 completed a CDSMP workshop. Baseline and 6-month data were available for 422 (72%), including 53 Caucasians, 177 Asians, and 194 Pacific Islanders. All 3 groups realized significant decreases in social and role activity limitations and significant increases in communication with physicians. Asians and Pacific Islanders also realized significant increases in self-rated health and time spent engaging in stretching/strengthening exercise. Asians also reported significant reductions in health distress and self-reported physician visits and increases in time spent in aerobic exercise, ability to cope with symptoms, and self-efficacy. IMPLICATIONS Our experience suggests that CDSMP can be modified for increased cultural appropriateness for API communities while maintaining the key components responsible for behavior change.
A Critical Review of Sentiment Analysis

analysis is the process which helps in recognizing people's perspective and emotional conditions. Sentiment analysis appeared in the roots of the disciplines of psychology, sociology and anthropology. Sentiment analysis takes place from the hypothesis of emotive attitude and assessment hypothesis. It emphasis on sensation in forming perceptions. Feelings that are generated from both conscious and unconscious processing are called emotions. The feelings of the people can be expressed in positive or negative ways. Mostly, parts of speech are used as feature to extract the sentiment of the text. Sentiment analysis is an evolving field with a variety of use applications. Further, the evaluation of the accuracy of the existing systems, from which it is analyzed that the result can be improved by calculating the sentiments of word instead of calculating sentiment of complete sentence or paragraph. KeywordsAnalysis, Opinion mining, NLP, Linguistic
Bioavailability of Highly Purified Bovine Ultralente Insulin

Bioavailability of Highly Purified Bovine Ultralente Insulin In our study of blood glucose control in 10 patients treated in random order by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) or multiple injections of porcine soluble insulin (Actrapid, Novo) and bovine ultralente insulin (Ultratard, Novo), we noted that patients on the latter regimen required higher daily doses of insulin for less adequate control. Such dose changes have been recorded by others. This difference (51 ± 5 U/day on CSII versus 80 ± 9 U/day on Actrapid and Ultratard, P = 0.004, and 60 ± 6 U/day on prior twice-daily injections) was largely due to a disparity in basal insulin requirements (29 ± 3 U/day on CSII versus 53 ± 9 U/day on Ultratard, P = 0.013). Possible explanations of the difference were either decreased bioavailability of the complexed zinc crystalline insulin or a rebound of insulin antibody levels in patients being rechallenged with bovine insulin. Previous routine insulin therapy in all the patients had included periods on conventional recrystallized bovine insulins. We have now measured the insulin-binding capacity in the plasma of these patients using the optimized method of Reeves and Kelly. The intra-assay coefficient of variation is 9% in the range 2-10 |xg/L, and normal subjects have binding capacities of 1.0-2.5 u,g/L. Blood samples for antibody estimation were taken at the end of the 10-wk period on each treatment regimen. Insulin IgG binding capacity using I bovine insulin was 5.4 ± 1 . 1 |xg/L (mean ± SE) on Actrapid and Ultratard, and 5.7 ± 0.7 fig/L on CSII. No relationship could be found between insulin doses and antibody levels. The high Ultratard requirements were thus not due to immunologic insulin resistance. The manufacturer confirms the insulin content of the complex after formulation by dissociation and reassay. It would thus appear that the explanation of the high insulin requirements, and perhaps some of the control problems, with ultralente insulins lies in reduced bioavailability after injection.
Reliability, validity, and application of the medical outcomes study 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) in schizophrenic patients treated with olanzapine versus haloperidol.

UNLABELLED Schizophrenia leads to impairments in mental, social, and physical functioning, which should be included in evaluations of treatment. OBJECTIVES This study was designed to determine the reliability and validity of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) for schizophrenic patients, to characterize perceived functioning and well being and to compare short-term change in SF-36 scores for patients treated with olanzapine or haloperidol. RESEARCH DESIGN Data were obtained from a randomized, double-blind trial comparing these agents for safety, efficacy, and cost effectiveness. A 6-week acute treatment portion preceded a 46-week "responder extension" phase. SUBJECTS A subsample (n = 1,155) completing a pre-treatment SF-36 provided data for this study. MEASURES Psychometric analyses were conducted, and perceived level of functioning was compared with that for the US adult population. Change from baseline to 6 weeks was examined by treatment group. RESULTS Clear evidence was obtained for the instrument's reliability and validity for these patients. There were marked deficits in General health, Vitality, Mental health, Social functioning, and in Role limitations resulting from both physical and emotional problems. Olanzapine-treated patients improved in 5 of 8 domains to a significantly greater degree than did haloperidol patients. CONCLUSIONS The SF-36 can be a reliable and valid measure of perceived functioning and well being for schizophrenic patients. The perceptions of functioning can be valuable indices of disease burden and can help to demonstrate the effectiveness of newer antipsychotic medications such as olanzapine.
[Effect of ethanol and its metabolites on acetylcholine-sensitive K(+) channel Kir3.1 protein expression of neonatal rat primary atrial cardiomyocytes].

OBJECTIVE To identify the effect of ethanol and its metabolite acetaldehyde on acetylcholine-sensitive K(+) channel Kir3.1 protein expression, and explore the potential role of this channel and acetaldehyde in arrhythmia caused by acute alcoholic intoxication. METHODS Primary atrial cardiomyocytes were isolated from 150 newborn SD rats by typsin and type II collagenase, cultured and troponin I was determined by immunofluorescence. Cell survival in 200-800 mmol/L ethanol or 50-500 µmol/L acetaldehyde treated cells for 24 hours was measured by CCK-8 assay to determine the concentration of ethanol and acetaldehyde for inducing apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. The highest non-apoptotic concentration (200 mmol/L) of ethanol and acetaldehyde (100 µmol/L) was used in the main study. Kir3.1 protein expression was detected by Western blot. RESULTS (1) Cellular immunofluorescence results showed that cultured cells are cardiomyocytes, and more than 90% of these cells are troponin I positive. (2) CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the survival rate of cardiomyocytes in the groups treated by ethanol over 400 mmol/L for 24 hours or acetaldehyde over 400 µmol/L was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05), while the survival rate was similar in cardiomyocytes treated by ethanol less than 200 mmol/L or acetaldehyde less than 350 µmol/L for 24 hours and the control group (P > 0.05). (3) Western-bolt assay revealed that ethanol and acetaldehyde treatment for 24 hours upregulated Kir3.1 protein expression in primary atrial cardiomyocytes of newborn SD rats by (44.52 ± 23.07)% and (45.04 ± 22.01)% respectively compared with the control group (all P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Acute ethanol and acetaldehyde treatment could significantly upregulate the protein expression of acetylcholine-sensitive K(+) channel Kir3.1, this might serve as a potential mechanism for arrhythmia caused by acute alcoholic intoxication.
La influencia de la amistad en la formación de cualidades morales en escolares cubanos de 9 y 10 años

La presente investigacion esta dirigida a estudiar la influencia de la amistad en la educacion moral de los ninos. Como muestra de la investigacion se seleccionaron intencionalmente 18 ninos que cursan el cuarto grado en la escuela "Marcelo Salado Lastra". Para cumplimentar el objetivo propuesto fueron aplicados varios metodos y tecnicas como: el cuestionario de "Redes sociales de ninos", el cuestionario "Amigos y Grupos", entrevista focalizada a la maestra, "Relatos Reactivos", cuestionario a los padres, observaciones participantes, entrevistas focalizadas a los ninos y el experimento formativo, asi como la triangulacion metodologica y por fuentes para validar la informacion obtenida. Los principales resultados muestran que el grupo de amigos con sus reglas formales e informales contribuye a la formacion de cualidades morales como la responsabilidad en el estudio, la disciplina, la solidaridad, la honestidad y la lealtad. De esta manera la amistad constituye una condicion que por su propia naturaleza intima, reciproca en la afectividad y en la colaboracion favorece la estructuracion de actividades que posibilitan la formacion de cualidades morales. Las principales recomendaciones se dirigen al diseno y aplicacion de acciones educativas encaminadas a aprovechar la amistad como una condicion catalizadora en la formacion de cualidades morales y en otra direccion encaminadas a estimular cualidades morales que subyacen a las relaciones de amistad, las cuales a su vez, contribuiran a la formacion de relaciones amistosas.
C-reactive protein as a predictor of cardiovascular events in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease.

BACKGROUND Few studies have evaluated the relationship between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and vascular events in the elderly with chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS The association of hs-CRP with vascular events was examined according to CKD status in 3,166 participants of the Intervention Project on Cerebrovascular Diseases and Dementia in the Community of Ebersberg, Bavaria (INVADE study). CKD was defined as a creatinine clearance <60 ml/min estimated by the Cockcroft-Gault formula. hs-CRP was used as a binary variable > or <2.1 mg/L (median value). Vascular events were defined as a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke and vascular death. RESULTS After 4 years of follow-up, 204 participants (6.4%) experienced a major cardiovascular event. High hs-CRP levels and CKD at baseline were associated with a greater risk of vascular events. Compared with patients with low hs-CRP and non-CKD, the adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for vascular events was 1.42 (1.11-2.21) for low hs-CRP and CKD, 1.57 (1.21-2.34) for high hs-CRP and non-CKD and 1.93 (1.45-2.89) for high hs-CRP and CKD. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that high hs-CRP levels provide prognostic information in patients with CKD.