Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor use in patients with malignancy: is it safe?

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 245 malignancy, there could be raised 3 questions. First, evidencebased, what effects do TNFis use in IBD have on the malignancy progression? Second, practically, how should TNFis use in IBD be managed in patients with a previous or recent history of malignancy? Third, practically, how should TNFis use in IBD be managed in patients with a newly diagnosed malignancy? Considering the first question, there was a research assessing IBD patients with a recent within 5 years’ history of malignancy and use of TNFis. Cancer-free survival rate at 5 years was 72%. In addition, a multicenter study in the United States assessing IBD patients having a previous malignancy history and use history of TNFis. TNFi use was not associated with developing a recurrent or new cancer as compared with no users. Contrastingly, a predictive model in the United States suggested that a second cancer could be increased elevenfold following 9.5 year-TNFi use. Taken together, in IBD, there was no solid and clear evidence of relationship between increased risk of developing a new or recurrent cancer and TNFi use. With regard to the second question, however, the effects of TNFis on malignancy are unpredictable. Infliximab has been effectively used to treat ipilimumab-associated severe colitis without changing the clinical outcome of the melanoma. However, this was from a small number of patients with relatively short follow-up time. Furthermore, there was a case of lung cancer developed during adalimumab use in IBD and regressed after adalimumab discontinuation. Taken together, TNFi should be discontinued until cancer therapy completion, for 2 years pISSN 1598-9100 • eISSN 2288-1956 https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2020. 00061 Intest Res 2020;18(3):245-246
Waist to Height Ratio is the Preferred Way to Measure the Association between Obesity and Bisphenol a Exposure

In the United States there has been a chronic epidemic of people who are obese or overweight, which has a connection with diabetes and other disorders. However, the definition of obesity has been highly connected with BMI, which is basically a height to weight ratio. There have been calls in research to try other definitions of obesity using WC, WHtR, and ABF%. The challenge is that these are not as well-known and cut-off points are not as understood.
Novel quercetin derivatives: synthesis and screening for anti-oxidant activity and aldose reductase inhibition

The direct acylation of quercetin (I) with 3-chloro-2,2-dimethylpropanoyl chloride (II) gives a complex reaction mixture. The synthesis of different acylated quercetin with from mono- to tetra-O-substituted functions was achieved in a simple procedure wherein the yield of isomers depended on the stoichiometric ratio of reagents. The crude reaction mixtures were analysed (LC-MS) and compared with the isolated products. Unambiguous structural characterisation of isomeric quercetin derivatives was confirmed by NMR analysis. In addition, the quercetin dimer can be obtained in a high yield in the simple procedure. The anti-oxidant activity and aldose reductase inhibition of the compounds were screened with the aim of providing bi-functional remedies to treat diabetic complications and other diseases where oxidative stress and the polyol pathway are key etiological factors.
Accuracy of Online Pictorial Resources for Common Hand Surgery Procedures

Background: Online medical platforms can provide patients with easily accessible information and greater opportunities to self-advocate. However, the lack of quality control and presence of inaccurate information can lead to miscommunications between the physician and the patient. The objective of this study was to examine the quality and accuracy of online pictorial information regarding common hand conditions. Methods: Medical image information was searched on the search engine Google (http://www.google.com) using the terms “de Quervain’s tenosynovitis,” “carpal tunnel syndrome,” and “trigger finger. ” The first 20 illustrations to appear on the search were recorded along with the type of source. The images were then examined for veracity of information conveyed. Results: Sixty images were collected from 48 different Web sources. Nonacademic/private medical institutions were the most common image source (35%). The rate of erroneous images was 40%. Web sites of academic hospitals were most frequently the source of incorrect images. Of the conditions, trigger finger had the highest rate of errors (55%), most commonly occurring in positioning of the annular pulleys. The search results did not contain any Web sites from professional hand societies. Conclusion: The quality of online medical information is a significant but often overlooked aspect of health professional and patient education. This study demonstrates the prevalence of incorrect information online and the misunderstandings that patients can have about common conditions. Higher quality online resources are needed to improve patient education and patient-physician interactions. Avenues for improvement are to provide greater accessibility of educational resources offered by professional hand surgery organizations.
Narrative Review: The Process of Expanding the Manual of Antimicrobial Stewardship by the Government of Japan

The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare has published the Manual of Antimicrobial Stewardship (1st edition) in June 2017 to improve the prescribing practice of antimicrobials for immunocompetent adult and pediatric (both school-aged and older children) patients. Due to the increasing demand for further promoting outpatient antimicrobial stewardship, we conducted a literature and national guideline review to identify the area of need. The results of our review revealed a high antimicrobial prescription rate in the Japanese pediatric population. Furthermore, although the Japanese clinical guidelines/guidance covered the fields of almost all infectious diseases, no system exists to estimate the incidence and treatment patterns of important infectious diseases such as asymptomatic bacteriuria, skin and soft tissue infections, and dental practices in Japan. Therefore, addressing the issues of both establishing surveillance systems and the implementation of guidelines/guidance can be the next step to promote further outpatient antimicrobial stewardship.
Tumorigenic p53 mutants undergo common structural disruptions including conversion to α‐sheet structure

The p53 protein is a commonly studied cancer target because of its role in tumor suppression. Unfortunately, it is susceptible to mutation‐associated loss of function; approximately 50% of cancers are associated with mutations to p53, the majority of which are located in the central DNA‐binding domain. Here, we report molecular dynamics simulations of wild‐type (WT) p53 and 20 different mutants, including a stabilized pseudo‐WT mutant. Our findings indicate that p53 mutants tend to exacerbate latent structural‐disruption tendencies, or vulnerabilities, already present in the WT protein, suggesting that it may be possible to develop cancer therapies by targeting a relatively small set of structural‐disruption motifs rather than a multitude of effects specific to each mutant. In addition, α‐sheet secondary structure formed in almost all of the proteins. α‐Sheet has been hypothesized and recently demonstrated to play a role in amyloidogenesis, and its presence in the reported p53 simulations coincides with the recent re‐consideration of cancer as an amyloid disease.
How is family involved in clinical care and decision-making in intensive care units? A qualitative study

Background: Involving family members in patient care is considered as a significant dimension of family-centered care in intensive care units (ICUs). Aims: To describe family members’ perceptions and experiences regarding involvement in clinical care delivery and decision-making in ICUs in Iran. Design: A qualitative research method using conventional content analysis. Methods: A total number of 24 participants were selected through purposive sampling method between 2018 and 2019. Each interview also lasted between 30 and 60 min and the inductive data analysis was used. Results: The findings revealed that non-agreed involvement in clinical care delivery and family involvement in decision-making is being implemented on a continuum of paternalistic views. Conclusion: Healthcare providers, particularly nurses, and policy makers can thus exploit these findings to strengthen family involvement in this regard and consequently improve quality of care. Impact statement: A non-agreed approach and paternalistic views along with some barriers can affect family members’ involvement in providing clinical care and making decisions in ICUs in Iran.
Dosimetric comparison of TomoDirect, helical tomotherapy, and volumetric modulated arc therapy for postmastectomy treatment

Abstract Purpose To compare dose to the targets and organs at risk (OARs) in different situations for postmastectomy patients who require radiation to the chest wall with or without regional nodal irradiation when using three treatment techniques. Methods and materials Thirty postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) patients previously treated by helical tomotherapy (HT) at our institution were identified for the study. The treatment targets were classified in three situations which consisted of, the chest wall (CW) only, the chest wall plus supraclavicular lymph nodes (CW + SPC), and the chest wall plus supraclavicular and whole axillary lymph nodes irradiation (CW + SPC+AXLN). The volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans and Tomodirect (TD) plans were created for each patient and compared with HT treatment plans which had been treated. The target coverage, dose homogeneity index (HI), conformity index (CI), and dose to OARs were analyzed. The quality scores were used to evaluate the appropriate technique for each situation from multiparameter results. Results The HT and VMAT plans showed the advantage of target coverage and OARs sparing for the chest wall with regional nodal irradiation with the higher plan quality scores when compared with TD plans. However, TD plans demonstrated superiority to contralateral breast sparing for the chest wall without regional nodal situation reaching the highest of planned quality scores. HT plans showed better HI, CI, and target coverage (P < 0.01) than TD and VMAT plans for all patient situations. Volumetric modulated arc therapy plans generated better contralateral breast and heart sparing at a lower dose than HT. Conclusion The arc‐based techniques, HT and VMAT plans, provided an advantage for complex targets in terms of target coverage and OARs sparing. However, the static beam TD plan was superior for contralateral organ sparing meanwhile achieving good target coverage for the chest wall without regional node situations.
Fast Identification of Short Circuit Fault Based on Average Curvature of Current Waveform

Using fault current limiter (FCL) is an effective way to solve the problem that short circuit current exceeds the standard. How to quickly identify short circuit faults is one of the keys. Thus, this paper presented a fast identification method for short circuit fault based on the average curvature of current waveform. A simple fault current limiter system was built in PSCAD, and the method was studied. The results show that it is faster than using current instantaneous value or the current change rate as the criterion. In view of the situation that the average curvature may exceed when the load changes sharply. It was proposed that the average curvature and the current change rate could be used as the combination criterion, and the fault could be identified quickly and accurately too. Keywords—fault current limiter; fast identification; short circuit Current; average curvature
STUDIES ON FUSARIUM CULMORUM BLIGHT OF CRESTED WHEAT AND BROME GRASS SEEDLINGS

A number of pathogenic fungi were isolated from blighted brome grass and crested wheat grass seedlings grown in Saskatchewan and Ontario soils. The parasitism of one of the widely distributed and commonly occurring of these, Fusarium culmorum (W. G. Sm.) Sacc, was studied in more detail.One per cent of F. culmorum sand–cornmeal inoculum caused more blight of brome grass seedlings in sterilized soil than did 6% in unsterilized soil. The development of F. culmorum in sterilized soil was optimum at 25 °C. and declined rapidly with rising and more slowly with falling temperatures. Seedling blight was severe in sterilized soil at all temperatures from 10° to 35 °C. , but was significantly more severe near the optimum for the fungus provided the soil was not infested too heavily. In unsterilized soil, however, both the development of F. culmorum and the incidence of seedling blight were much greater at 10 to 20 °C. than at 25 °C. and higher, whereas other soil fungi and bacteria were more numerous at 25° C. and .
MIGRAINE ASSOCIATION WITH ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT- a case report

Migraine belongs to the group of primary headaches, in whose pathogenesis, despite the involvement of neurovascular, significant part, has the genetic factors, as well. The prevalence of migraine with aura in patients with atrial septal defect ranges from 11-22%. We present a case of a patient at the age of 28, with persistent headaches,18 months backwards. Headaches were usually preceded by phosphenescence, blurred vision, buzzing in both ears, nausea, feeling of tingling of the right hemicranium. An incomplete hour later severe headaches appeared, followed by tingling and a feeling of weakness on the left arm and lower extremities. Neurological examination was with left sided paresthesias and hemiparesis. Routine biochemical examinations, hormone status, magnetic nuclear resonance of the brain and magnetic resonance angiography of intracranial vessels, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and neurophysiological examinations was normal. At the transthoracic, and then transoesophageal echocardiography, was proved the presence of Atrial septal defect (ASD) in the central part of the interatrial septum. In the patient, an occlusion of ASD with ASD occluder was made, there was a reduction in the frequency of occurrence of migraine headaches. Controlled echocardiography was performed where the absence of the pre-established ASD occluder was observed in the aortic arch, where the removal of the dive (occlusion) was done and the closing of the ASD with a direct suture. A pathogenetic mechanism that explains the association of ASD / PFO with migraine is interatrial communication, which may result in the occurrence of paradoxical embolism and humoral factors of the pulmonary circulation.
La vulnérabilité des régimes de taux de change fixes: le rôle des facteurs économiques fondamentaux

Cet article evalue le role joue par les facteurs economiques fondamentaux dans le declenchement de devaluation ou de changements de regimes de change dans 12 pays de l'OCDE depuis la fin des annees 70, en utilisant une procedure d'estimation non lineaire (modele probit). Le calcul des probabilites de changement de parite montre que, dans le passe, des devaluations sont survenues a la suite d'une deterioration des conditions economiques fondamentales. En outre, si l'on fait une comparaison avec le debut des annees 80, des deteriorations plus faibles des facteurs economiques fondamentaux peuvent aboutir a une pression sur le taux de change. Les perspectives d'une devaluation semblent etre egalement sensibles aux mutations de variables internes cles qui ne sont pas, traditionnellement, considerees comme un determinant direct du "taux de change d'equilibre", telles que les modifications du taux de chomage.
Fast Distributed Backbone Construction Despite Strong Adversarial Jamming

This paper studies jamming-resilient distributed backbone construction in multi-hop wireless networks. Specifically, a strong adversarial jamming model is proposed that captures the general jamming phenomena suffered by wireless communications. The jamming model is based on the realistic Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise-Ratio (SINR) interference model, and is featured by local-uniformity, unrestricted energy budget and reactivity, which covers more jamming scenarios and is much closer to reality than existing jamming models. Under the strong adversarial jamming model, we propose a randomized distributed algorithm that can construct a backbone in $\mathcal{J} (O(\log n + \log R))$ rounds with high probability, where $\mathcal{J} (O(\log n + \log R))$ is the number of rounds in the interval from the beginning of the algorithm execution that contains $O(\log n + \log R)$ unjammed rounds for every node. This result is asymptotically optimal considering the trivial lower bound of $\Omega (\log n)$ for a successful transmission even without interference and jamming.
Efficacy and Safety of Mecobalamin on Peripheral Neuropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of mecobalamin on peripheral neuropathy. Background: Mecobalamin is an active form of vitamin B12 that has been suggested to be beneficial in improving nerve conduction and neuropathic pain symptoms. Although it is already widely used in Asia for the treatment of peripheral neuropathies, its efficacy remains unclear. Methods: Relevant electronic databases were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials investigating the efficacy and safety of mecobalamin on peripheral neuropathy, from inception through December 2019. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers. The clinical therapeutic efficacy, pain score, neuropathic symptom score, nerve conduction velocities (NCVs), and adverse events of mecobalamin were assessed and were pooled by using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed by I2 and chi-squared tests. Results: Fifteen studies with 1707 peripheral neuropathy patients caused by diabetic peripheral neuropathy and herpetic neuropathy were included. Based on Cochrane's risk of bias criteria, most of the included studies (11/15, 73%) were rated high risk of bias, whereas 20% and 7% were rated some concerns and low risk of bias, respectively. In terms of the proportion of patients achieving clinical therapeutic efficacy, mecobalamin alone (risk ratio [RR] = 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.33) and mecobalamin in combination (RR = 1.32; 95% CI 1.21-1.45) are more effective than active control. For NCV outcomes, only mecobalamin combination treatment was effective. Neither mecobalamin alone nor mecobalamin in combination is effective on the pain score and neuropathic symptom outcomes. No serious adverse events associated with mecobalamin were reported during the treatment periods. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that mecobalamin in combination may be effective in improving clinical therapeutic efficacy and NCV outcomes for peripheral neuropathy patients, but the evidence is not clear for mecobalamin alone. More high-quality studies are required to confirm this finding.
Phylogenetic position of Pelusios williamsi and a critique of current GenBank procedures (Reptilia: Testudines: Pelomedusidae)

We re-examine the phylogenetic position of Pelusios williamsi by merging new sequences with an earlier published data set of all Pelusios species, except the possibly extinct P. seychellensis, and the nine previously identified lineages of the closely allied genus Pelomedusa (2054 bp mtDNA, 2025 bp nDNA). Furthermore, we include new sequences of Pelusios broadleyi, P. castanoides, P. gabonensis and P. marani. Individual and combined analyses of the mitochondrial and nuclear data sets indicate that P. williamsi is sister to P. castanoides, as predicted by morphology. This provides evidence for the misidentification of GenBank sequences allegedly representing P. williamsi. Such mislabelled GenBank sequences contribute to continued confusion, because only the original submitter can revise their identification; an impractical procedure impeding the rectification of obvious mistakes. We recommend implementing another option for revising taxonomic identifications, paralleling the century-old best practice of natural history museums for new determinations of specimens. Within P. broadleyi, P. gabonensis and P. marani, there is only shallow genetic divergence, while some phylogeographic structuring is present in the wide-ranging species P. castaneus and P. castanoides.
Origins of Plant Diversity in the California Floristic Province

Recent biogeographic and evolutionary studies have led to improved understanding of the origins of exceptionally high plant diversity in the California Floristic Province (CA-FP). Spatial analyses of Californian plant diversity and endemism reinforce the importance of geographically isolated areas of high topographic and edaphic complexity as floristic hot spots, in which the relative influence of factors promoting evolutionary divergence and buffering of lineages against extinction has gained increased attention. Molecular phylogenetic studies spanning the flora indicate that immediate sources of CA-FP lineages bearing endemic species diversity have been mostly within North America—especially within the west and southwest—even for groups of north temperate affinity, and that most diversification of extant lineages in the CA-FP has occurred since the mid-Miocene, with the transition toward summer-drying. Process-focused studies continue to implicate environmental heterogeneity at local or broad geographic.
Accountability Policies and Readiness for College for Diverse Students

Following a national trend, state policy has focused on accountability measures such as high-stakes high school exit exams, standards-based reforms, and graduation curriculum requirements. Yet the effect of these accountability policies on students’ readiness for college is relatively untested. In a multilevel model (students within states), the study asked, “Are accountability school reform policies positively or negatively associated with readiness for college for students from different ethnic and income groups? ” Exit exam policies and degree of implementation of state standards were not significantly related to academic readiness as measured by composite SAT scores. Math graduation numeric curriculum requirements were negatively related to SAT score for Whites.