Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Differentiation Potential of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Intracytoplasmic Delivery of Coactivator‐Associated Arginine Methyltransferase 1 Protein Using Cell‐Penetrating Peptide

Recent studies suggest that epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation and histone modification, can alter the differentiation potential of stem cells or progenitor cells. Specifically, coactivator‐associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) is known to act as a coactivator for various transcription factors and to regulate gene expression by chromatin remodeling through histone methylation. Here, for the first time, we have used direct protein delivery of CARM1 using cell‐penetrating peptide (CPP) to regulate the differentiation potential of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Immunofluorescence showed that the CPP‐CARM1 protein is successfully delivered into the nuclei of hMSCs. Further experiments using immunofluorescence and Western blotting showed that the delivered CARM1 protein can effectively methylate the arginine 17 residue of histone H3 in both bone marrow (BM)‐ and adipose‐derived (AD)‐hMSCs, thus suggesting that the CARM1 protein delivered by the CPP system is biologically active in hMSCs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay and genome‐wide gene expression profiling supported the result that delivered CARM1 protein can cause chromatin remodeling through histone methylation. Finally, the CPP‐CARM1 protein efficiently elevated the differentiation efficiency of BM‐hMSCs and AD‐hMSCs into adipogenic, osteogenic, and myogenic cell lineages in vitro. Altered expression of critical genes after hMSC differentiation was reconfirmed by real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Collectively, our results suggest that CPP‐CARM1 can elevate the differentiation potential of hMSCs into various cell types, and that this system using CPP is a useful tool for exogenous protein delivery in clinical applications of cell‐based therapy. Stem Cells2012;30:1703–1713
Pathology‐related differential expression regulation of NGF, GDNF, CNTF, and IL‐6 mRNAs in human vasculitic neuropathy

The mRNA levels of nerve growth factor (NGF), glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) were examined in sural nerves of 22 patients with acute necrotizing vasculitic neuropathies. NGF, GDNF, and IL‐6 mRNAs were upregulated and CNTF mRNA was downregulated in the lesioned nerves, but their up‐ and down‐regulation levels were not correlated with each other, showing that these mRNAs were independently expressed. The expression of NGF and CNTF mRNAs was clearly correlated with the degree of infiltrated macrophages and T cells, and myelinated fiber density, respectively. These findings indicate that these neurotrophic factors are differentially expressed temporally and spatially in the vasculitic nerve lesion by an underlying pathology‐related process. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 830–833, 2001
Inter-View Rate Allocation Using Efficient Layer Extraction for Stereo Video Streaming Over IP

We propose an efficient layer extraction method for scalable stereo video coding in order to effectively allocate any given stereo bitrate budget among the views. A few heuristic inter-view rate allocation algorithms are investigated for the analysis of a specific SMVC encoding configuration. The objective of the proposed method is to maximize performance in rate-visual-distortion sense. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm helps that the shape of the R-D curve becomes concave.
Start-up Financing : From Banks to Venture Capital

I develop a model in which entrepreneurs and investors can hold-up each other once the venture is under way: investors can deny further funding, and entrepreneurs can withdraw from the venture. The entrepreneurs’ exit option determines which party needs protection. If the exit option is good, venture capital financing protects the investor through control rights, technological monitoring, and staged financing. As the exit option increases, control, monitoring and staging become tighter. If the exit option is bad, bank debt protects the entrepreneur as it involves little technological monitoring, limited control rights, and committed finance. The exit option depends on the legal environment and on the stigma of failure, endogenized in a career concern model. When entrepreneurs can choose project risk, multiple equilibria arise with different financial institutions. Venture capital prevails in the high-risk equilibrium and bank debt in the low-risk equilibrium. The paper investigates why the forms of start-up financing differ across sectors, regions and countries. It offers an explanation for why venture capital has been more prevalent in the US than in Europe. ∗The University of Chicago, Graduate School of Business, Department of Finance, 1101 E. 58th Street, IL 60637. Email: alandier@gsb.uchicago. edu. I thank Daron Acemoglu, Olivier Blanchard, Denis Gromb and Sendhil Mullainathan. For their useful comments, I am grateful to Manuel Amador, Jessica Cohen, Matthias Dewatripont, Andrew Hertzberg, Bengt Holmstrom, Hans K. Hvide, Simon Johnson, David Scharfstein, Antoinette Schoar, Jean Tirole, Masako Ueda. All remaining errors are mine.
A case of polydactyly with multiple thresholds in the mouse

A spontaneous occurrence of polydactyly in mice failed to comply with any acceptable segregation ratio, but its genetic basis was established by its rapid response to selection. Both the incidence and the severity of abnormality increased. Initially manifested as one extra digit on one hind foot only, the polydactyly spread to both hind feet, and the number of supernumerary digits rose. Subsequently, the fore feet became affected as well, and in those cases, the hind legs became deformed in a manner reminiscent of the luxate mutant. The genetic interpretation of the data was compatible with a model of liability to the abnormality based on a continuously distributed underlying variable, with two thresholds, one corresponding to hind foot polydactyly alone and a higher threshold which, when exceeded, made the mice polydactylous on the fore feet as well. Further analyses indicated that the threshold for the hind foot condition was in fact a cluster of thresholds, corresponding to increasing digit numbers. The data revealed complex interactions between systemic and local influences on digit number, with implications for the gene control of limb development.
Reaction of the C30A Mutant of Trimethylamine Dehydrogenase with Diethylmethylamine*

The role played by the 6-S-cysteinyl-FMN bond of trimethylamine dehydrogenase in the reductive half-reaction of the enzyme has been studied by following the reaction of the slow substrate diethylmethylamine with a C30A mutant of the enzyme lacking the covalent flavin attachment to the polypeptide. Removal of the 6-S-cysteinyl-FMN bond diminishes the limiting rate for the first of the three observed kinetic phases of the reaction by a factor of 6, but has no effect on the rate constants for the two subsequent kinetic phases. The flavin in the C30A enzyme recovered from the reaction of the C30A enzyme with excess substrate is found to have been converted to the 6-hydroxy derivative, rendering the enzyme inactive. The noncovalently bound FMN of the C30A mutant enzyme is also converted to 6-hydroxy-FMN and rendered inactive upon reduction with excess trimethylamine, but not by reduction with dithionite, even at high pH or in the presence of the effector tetramethylammonium chloride. These results suggest that one significant role of the 6-S-cysteinyl-FMN bond is to prevent the inactivation of the enzyme during catalysis. A reaction mechanism is proposed whereby OH− attacks C-6 of a flavin-substrate covalent adduct in the course of steady-state turnover to form 6-hydroxy-FMN.
Trophic ecology of seven Antarctic gorgonian species

The trophic ecology of Antarctic anthozoans and their role in benthicpelagic cou- pling processes is poorly understood. We studied 7 gorgonian species (Primnoisis sp., Fannyella nodosa, Ainigmaptilon antarcticum, Notisis sp., Primnoella sp., Dasystenella sp. and Thouarella sp.) in 2 Antarctic regions: the Eastern Weddell Sea and the Bransfield Strait (Antarctic Peninsula) in austral autumn 2000, a period in which primary productivity drastically decreases. We aimed at finding the main food sources for these gorgonians and to elucidate the strategies of the 7 species in this season, relating the obtained data with their biology and ecology. Stable isotope data of the 7 gorgonian species was virtually the same as that measured in the phytodetritus of the so called 'green carpets' and in microzooplankton (δ 13 C from �27.7 to �24.8‰; δ 15 N from 4.1 to 7.5‰). A large proportion of the gorgonian's diet seems to be based on sedimented and resuspended mate- rial, which supports the hypothesis that some suspension feeders deal successfully with the Antarctic winter by consuming phytoplankton sedimented in the 'green carpets'. While stable iso- tope analysis suggested similar food sources for 7 species, the biochemical balance indicated dif- ferent energy storage as lipid values (mean ±SD) ranged from 105.1 ± 99 to 776.4 ± 354.1 µg lipids mg �1 organic matter depending on the species. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the trophic ecology of benthic Antarctic gorgonians and their strategies for coping with autumn conditions in this polar environment.
Ophthalmological outcome after orbital entry during anterior and anterolateral skull base surgery.

OBJECT Partial resection of the orbital bones is not uncommon during the excision of anterior and anterolateral skull base tumors. Controversy exists regarding the need for and extent of reconstruction after this procedure. The authors studied this factor in a series of patients. METHODS The authors conducted a retrospective review of 56 patients in whom resection of 57 anterior or anterolateral skull base tumors and partial excision of the orbital bone were performed. Adverse ophthalmological outcomes were noted in 16 patients, in nine of whom adverse outcomes were believed to be directly related to resection of the orbital walls. Some degree of orbital reconstruction was performed during 23 of the 57 procedures. An adverse orbital outcome was strongly associated with resection of the orbital floor and resection of two thirds or more of two or more orbital walls, but not with the presence or absence of orbital reconstruction. The later finding, however, is likely a function of selection bias. CONCLUSIONS In most patients elaborate orbital reconstruction is not necessary after partial excision of the orbital bones. Isolated medial and lateral orbital wall defects, or combined superior and lateral orbital wall defects, especially in cases in which the periorbita is intact, probably do not require primary reconstruction. In cases of orbital floor defects, whether isolated or part of a multiple-wall resection, primary reconstruction is recommended.
SVM-DT-based adaptive and collaborative intrusion detection

As a primary defense technique, intrusion detection becomes more and more significant since the security of the networks is one of the most critical issues in the world. We present an adaptive collaboration intrusion detection method to improve the safety of a network. A self-adaptive and collaborative intrusion detection model is built by applying the Environmentsclasses, agents, roles, groups, and objects U+0028 E-CARGO U+0029 model. The objects, roles, agents, and groups are designed by using decision trees U+0028 DTs U+0029 and support vector machines U+0028 SVMs U+0029, and adaptive scheduling mechanisms are set up. The KDD CUP 1999 data set is used to verify the effectiveness of the method. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed collaborative and adaptive intrusion detection method. Also, the proposed method is shown to be more predominant than the methods that use a set of single type support vector machine U+0028 SVM U+0029 in terms of detection precision rate and recall rate.
An efficient reactive model for resource discovery in DHT-based peer-to-peer networks

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks have become prevalent recently, thanks in large part to the publicity surrounding file-sharing networks, but P2P is evolving to encompass a wide- ranging set of applications. For many of these, a resource discovery mechanism is an essential basic service, but the properties of P2P networks make provision of this a nontrivial task. Solutions proposed have included central indexes, flooding and message forwarding, but the most promising appears to be the use of Distributed Hash Tables (DHTs). DHTs have been used to provide data lookup within logarithmic message costs whilst only requiring maintenance of limited amounts of routing state. One of the most widely known DHTs is Chord, which provides lookup in typically O(log n) hops across the network, where n is the number of nodes in the structure. Understanding that this message cost is proportional to the network size, our contribution is ROME (Reactive Overlay Monitoring and Expansion), a set of processes which run on top of the Chord DHT to provide control over network size. Every node acts as an autonomous agent in order to react to node underload and overload events, trying to maximise capacity utilisation and only increase the size of the ring when existing capacity is inadequate. Through simulation and calculation we show ROME can reduce the hop counts in networks where available node capacity exceeds workload, closely converging with that of Chord where capacity and workload become equal.
A Fuzzy Based Green Supply Chain Performance Appraisement Platform

Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology, Rourkela-769008 * Communicating Author: (Email: sdattaju@gmail.com) Abstract Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) is increasingly becoming a necessity for industries to compete globally, and is now a part of the majority of large organization’s structure. GSCM can be defined as ‘Integrating environment thinking into supply chain management, including product design, material sourcing and selection, manufacturing processes, delivery of the final product to the consumers, and end-of-life management of the product after its useful life’ (Srivastava, 2007). While implementing green practices in the organizational supply chain management, evaluation of green performance metric is indeed necessary. Such an assessment would help the industries to assess their existing status of green performance practices, to compare different industries those are adapting green practices and also to identify areas which require future improvement towards successful ‘green implementation’. In this context, the present work introduces an appraisement platform to evaluate green supply chain performance extent, in fuzzy environment. In order to deal with subjective qualitative green performance attributes; the concept of fuzzy numbers has been utilized. Theory of generalized positive triangular fuzzy numbers has been explored to facilitate such an appraisement module. Apart from estimating overall performance index; the proposed appraisement platform helps in identifying ill-performing areas which necessarily require future attention to prosper. A case study has also been presented.
Spinal Anaesthesia for Ambulatory and Short-Stay Plastic Surgery Procedures

Outpatient and short-stay plastic surgery procedures have increased recently up to 457% [1] due to lower prices, global availability of plastic surgeons, better and safer anaesthetic techniques. This exponential growth has been increased by greater information in the media, most notably by means of the enlightenment shown in the internet. Every day more complex patients force anaesthesiologists to develop better techniques using multimodal approaches before, during and after anaesthesia. Nowadays it is possible to perform ambulatory plastic surgery procedures in people with medical conditions that in the past were rejected; myocar‐ dial ischemia, arrhythmias, hypertension, coagulation disorders, lung diseases, diabetes, etcetera. Improved safety and efficacy in all anaesthesia procedures for plastic surgery is mandatory; surgeons, patients, relatives and media have their own concerns regarding anaesthesia patient safety.
Involvement of waaY, waaQ, andwaaP in the Modification of Escherichia coliLipopolysaccharide and Their Role in the Formation of a Stable Outer Membrane*

The waaY, waaQ, andwaaP genes are located in the central operon of thewaa (formerly rfa) locus on the chromosome ofEscherichia coli. This locus contains genes whose products are involved in the assembly of the core region of the lipopolysaccharide molecule. In the R1 core prototype strain, E. coli F470, there are nine genes in this operon, and all butwaaY, waaQ, and waaP have been assigned function. In this study, the waaY,waaQ, and waaP genes were independently mutated by insertion of a non-polar antibiotic resistance cassette, and the structures of the resulting mutant core oligosaccharides were determined by chemical analyses and phosphorus-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. All three of these mutations were shown to affect the modification of the heptose region of the core, a region whose structure is critical to outer membrane stability. Mutation ofwaaY resulted in a core oligosaccharide devoid of phosphate on HepII. Mutation of waaQ resulted in loss of the branch HepIII residue on HepII and impeded the activity of WaaY. Mutation ofwaaP resulted in loss of phosphoryl substituents on HepI and obviated WaaQ and WaaY activity. Only mutation of waaPresulted in hypersensitivity to novobiocin and sodium dodecyl sulfate, a characteristic of deep-rough mutations.
Consensus formalisé: recommandations de pratiques cliniques pour la prise en charge de la lombalgie aiguë du patient africain

La lombalgie aiguë est la pathologie rhumatismale la plus fréquente en Afrique. L’épidémiologie et la présentation clinique ne diffèrent pas de celles observées sur les autres continents. En revanche, les aspects psycho-sociaux, la disponibilité des traitements, l'accès aux soins et le poids culturel des médecines traditionnelles sont autant de spécificités qui ont conduit à la réalisation du 1er consensus d'experts en rhumatologie pour la prise en charge du patient africain. Destiné aux praticiens, ce travail collaboratif multinational a pour objectif de fournir 11 recommandations de pratiques cliniques simples, fondées sur les preuves, et adaptées aux conditions de l'exercice médical en Afrique. Leur ambition est d'améliorer la prise en charge de la lombalgie aigue par une évaluation initiale clinique pertinente, une diminution des examens radiologiques inutiles, une prescription médicamenteuse adéquate et l'abandon de procédures invasives inappropriées.
Requirements problems in twelve software companies: an empirical analysis

A study of the problems experienced by twelve software companies in their requirements process is discussed. The aim of the work is to develop a more holistic understanding of the requirements process, so that companies can more effectively organise and manage requirements. The findings suggest that most requirements problems are organisational rather than technical, and that there is a relationship between companies' maturity and patterns of requirements problems.
T suppressor cells as well as anti-hapten and anti-idiotype B lymphocytes regulate contact sensitivity to oxazolone in mice injected with purified protein derivative from Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Purified protein derivative from Mycobacterium tuberculosis inhibits contact sensitivity to oxazolone in mice when given intravenously 24 to 72 h before the antigen. Transfer experiments showed that various types of suppressor cells occurred in the lymph nodes draining the site of sensitization: (i) anti-oxazolone idiotype + B lymphocytes, found at day 3 after sensitization, transferred suppression to syngeneic recipients at the moment of their sensitization; (ii) anti-idiotype B lymphocytes, found at day 3 after sensitization, transferred suppression to syngeneic recipients when sensitization of these animals had been performed 3 days before cell transfer; (iii) T lymphocytes, found only at day 6 after sensitization, inhibited the passive transfer of contact sensitivity, indicating that they were effective on the efferent phase of the immune response. These results indicate that purified protein derivative from M. tuberculosis interferes with contact sensitivity by activating a complex and multiple immunoregulatory circuit.
Abdominal visceral findings in patients with Marfan syndrome

Purpose: Marfan syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder historically defined by well-characterized features in the cardiovascular, ocular, and skeletal systems. To date, there have been no reports concerning abdominal visceral findings in this disorder. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of abdominal visceral findings in patients with Marfan syndrome.Methods: Computed tomography or magnetic resonance studies of 69 patients with Marfan syndrome and an age- and sex-matched cohort of control subjects were reviewed. The presence of abdominal visceral findings was noted. Chi-square and Student t tests were used to determine significance of differences between the patient and control groups. This retrospective study was approved by the local institutional review board and determined to be exempt from Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act reporting requirements.Results: Renal cysts were present in 41 Marfan patients (59.4%) versus 21 control subjects (30.4%), P = 0.001. The average number of renal cysts was greater in Marfan patients than controls (2.4 vs. 0.9, P = 0.005). Hepatic cysts were present in 24 Marfan patients (34.8%) versus 12 control patients (17.3%), P = 0.02. The average number of hepatic cysts was also greater in Marfan patients than controls (0.9 vs. 0.3, P = 0.027). Cholelithiasis was present in 12 Marfan patients (18.1%) versus one control patient (1.5%), P < 0.001. Conclusions: Marfan syndrome patients have liver and renal cysts more often, in increased number, and at an earlier age than controls, in addition to an increased prevalence of cholelithiasis. Further study will be needed to relate these findings to recent developments concerning the underlying molecular genetics of this disorder.
OWA aggregation of intuitionistic fuzzy sets

We recall the concept of an intuitionistic fuzzy subset (IFS). Fundamental to an IFS is the fact that it is defined using two values, a degree of membership and degree of non-membership. The ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator is introduced and several of its features are described. Particularly notable is the idea of the dual of an OWA operator. We next discuss the aggregation of a collection of IFS using a prescribed OWA operator. It is shown that while the aggregation of the degrees of membership is performed using the prescribed OWA operator, the aggregation of the degrees of non-membership requires use of the dual of the prescribed OWA operator. The Choquet integral aggregation operator is introduced and applied to the aggregation of IFSs. Here again the concept of the dual is needed to perform the aggregation of the degrees of non-membership. We also discuss the aggregation of IFSs using the Sugeno integral. Fundamental to this work is our realisation of the importance of the concept of the dual operators in dealing with the aggregation of IFS.