Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Capturing Likeness in Eyewitness Composites: The Police Artist and His Rivals

In recent years considerable experimental research has been conducted into police composite systems like Photofit and Identikit. By contrast, the techniques and effectiveness of the police artist have been neglected. The existing literature on the police sketch artist is surveyed to demonstrate differing procedures and attitudes toward the creation of a likeness. A distinction is drawn between the North American method, where the artist interacts directly with the witness in drawing a face, and the traditional British method where the artist works indirectly from descriptions provided for him by the police. An experiment is described which compared the effectiveness of the British technique to that of Photofit and line transcriptions of Photofits. Sets of composites of both good and poor quality were included in the comparison. Good quality Photofits proved superior to either artist's impressions or line transcriptions, though there was no difference for poor quality Photofits. The implications of these findings for theory and practice are discussed and some conclusions drawn regarding the new generation of composite procedures.
Overt female mate competition and preference for central males in a lekking antelope

In mammals, there exists only scant evidence of female mate choice in species mating on arenas, so-called leks. This has led to hypotheses of lek evolution that are based on benefits to females from reduced harassment by males, low predation risk, or improved availability of scarce nutrients. Here I report that female topi antelopes (Damaliscus lunatus) compete aggressively for matings with preferred males on central lek territories. Females fight at higher rates and more likely disrupt mating attempts of others in the lek center than elsewhere. Contrary to the predictions of the alternative hypotheses, food resources were insignificant, and harassment levels and estimated predation risk were higher on than off lek. These results clearly demonstrate female competition for mates in a lekking mammal in which a female chooses between males for the sole purpose of mating. The finding suggests that the forces leading to lek evolution in mammals and birds may be more similar than previously acknowledged.
A methodology for choosing data representations

The process of matching the type of information of interest with the ability of the different representation properties to convey this information is formalized in a generic framework. Visualization approaches are discussed, and the natural scene paradigm on which the methodology for choosing a representation is based is described. Data types and interpretation aims are explored. The use of the paradigm, the matching process, and implementation and display of the representation are described. The advantages of the methodology over ad hoc display approaches are examined. >
Connectedness of number theoretical tilings

Let T=T(A,D) be a self-affine tile in \reals^n defined by an integral expanding matrix A and a digit set D. In connection with canonical number systems, we study connectedness of T when D corresponds to the set of consecutive integers \0,1,. , |det(A)|-1\. It is shown that in \reals^3 and \reals^4, for any integral expanding matrix A, T(A,D) is connected. We also study the connectedness of Pisot dual tilings which play an important role in the study of β -expansion, substitution and symbolic dynamical system. It is shown that each tile generated by a Pisot unit of degree 3 is arcwise connected. This is naturally expected since the digit set consists of consecutive integers as above. However surprisingly, we found families of disconnected Pisot dual tiles of degree 4. Also we give a simple necessary and sufficient condition for the connectedness of the Pisot dual tiles of degree 4. As a byproduct, a complete classification of the β -expansion of 1 for quartic Pisot units is given.
A 15q24 microdeletion in transient myeloproliferative disease (TMD) and acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia (AMKL) implicates PML and SUMO3 in the leukaemogenesis of TMD/AMKL

Transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD) of the newborn and acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia (AMKL) in children with Down syndrome (DS) represent paradigmatic models of leukaemogenesis. Chromosome 21 gene dosage effects and truncating mutations of the X‐chromosomal transcription factor GATA1 synergize to trigger TMD and AMKL in most patients. Here, we report the occurrence of TMD, which spontaneously remitted and later progressed to AMKL in a patient without DS but with a distinct dysmorphic syndrome. Genetic analysis of the leukaemic clone revealed somatic trisomy 21 and a truncating GATA1 mutation. The analysis of the patient's normal blood cell DNA on a genomic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array revealed a de novo germ line 2·58 Mb 15q24 microdeletion including 41 known genes encompassing the tumour suppressor PML. Genomic context analysis of proteins encoded by genes that are included in the microdeletion, chromosome 21‐encoded proteins and GATA1 suggests that the microdeletion may trigger leukaemogenesis by disturbing the balance of a hypothetical regulatory network of normal megakaryopoiesis involving PML, SUMO3 and GATA1. The 15q24 microdeletion may thus represent the first genetic hit to initiate leukaemogenesis and implicates PML and SUMO3 as novel components of the leukaemogenic network in TMD/AMKL.
Immunological Studies of Duck Myoglobin∗

Summary Purified duck myoglobin was prepared by ammonium sulfate precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography. Its sedimentation constant was estimated to be approximately 1.75. A specific precipitating antiserum to duck myoglobin was prepared in rabbits. This antiserum did not form precipitates with duck plasma, hemoglobin, liver extract or with components of crude muscle extracts other than myoglobin. No immunologic differences were detectable between duck cardiac or skeletal muscle myoglobin, and none were noted between myoglobins of goose, duck, or chicken present in muscle extracts. Chicken pectoral muscle lacked myoglobin. Precipitin data suggest that three regions on the duck myoglobin molecule act as combining sites or determinants for the rabbit serum. The myoglobin content of several avian muscles was measured immunologically. Skeletal muscle of newly hatched ducklings was deficient in myoglobin content, while cardiac muscle of these immature birds contained almost one-half the adult amount 2 days after hatching, and reached nearly adult levels at 8 days after hatching.
mRNA-based dendritic cell vaccines

Cancer immunotherapy has been proposed as a powerful treatment modality. Active immunotherapy aspires to stimulate the patient’s immune system, particularly T cells. These cells can recognize and kill cancer cells and can form an immunological memory. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the professional antigen-presenting cells of our immune system. They take up and process antigens to present them to T cells. Consequently, DCs have been investigated as a means to stimulate cancer-specific T-cell responses. An efficient strategy to program DCs is the use of mRNA, a well-defined and safe molecule that can be easily generated at high purity. Importantly, vaccines consisting of mRNA-modified DCs showed promising results in clinical trials. Therefore, we will introduce cancer immunotherapy and DCs and give a detailed overview on the application of mRNA to generate cancer-fighting DC vaccines.
Estudio comparativo de las dificultades para la realización de la contabilidad y la interpretación de la información en la agricultura aplicando coste histórico y valor razonable en la valoración de los activos biológicos

This paper presents empirical research comparing the accounting difficulties that arise from the use of two valuation methods for biological assets, fair value (FV) and historical cost (HC) accounting, in the agricultural sector. It also compares how reliable each valuation method is in the decision-making process of agents within the sector. By conducting an experiment with students, farmers, and accountants operating in the agricultural sector, we find that they have more difficulties, make larger miscalculations and make poorer judgements with HC accounting than with FV accounting. In-depth interviews uncover flawed accounting practices in the agricultural sector in Spain in order to meet HC accounting requirements. Given the complexities of cost calculation for biological assets and the predominance of small family business units in advanced Western countries, the study concludes that accounting can be more easily applied in the agricultural sector under FV than HC accounting, and that HC conveys a less accurate grasp of the real situation of a farm.
Does Residential Density Increase Walking and Other Physical Activity?

Many agree that increasing physical activity will improve public health. This paper reports on empirical findings on the relationship between the density of the residential environment, walking and total physical activity. Using multiple objective and self-reported measures for 715 participants in the US, and improved techniques for sampling and analysis, it finds that density is associated with the purpose of walking (travel, leisure) but not the amount of overall walking or overall physical activity, although there are sub-group differences by race/ ethnicity. Overall, higher densities have many benefits in terms of efficient use of infrastructure, housing affordability, energy efficiency and possibly vibrant street life. But higher densities alone, like other built environment features, do not appear to be the silver bullet in the public health campaign to increase physical activity.
A Comparison of RISC and CISC Architectures

Both CISC and RISC architectures continue to be widely used. RISC processors are present in most embedded devices, while x86 is the most popular architecture for desktops. Since modern processors have to address both power consumption and performance, it is important to compare these architectures to support future project decisions. Keywords—RISC; CISC; comparison
Linkage of acquired quinolone resistance (qnrS1) and metallo-beta-lactamase (blaVIM-1) genes in multiple species of Enterobacteriaceae from Bolzano, Italy.

OBJECTIVES Twenty-four of 209 oxyimino-cephalosporin- and/or aztreonam-resistant Enterobacteriaceae collected around Bolzano had reduced susceptibility or resistance to carbapenems and gave positive metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) tests. Their resistance mechanisms were investigated. METHODS Resistances were identified by Vitek 2 and MIC tests and isolates were genotyped by PFGE. Resistance genes were identified by PCR and sequencing, and plasmids were transferred by conjugation and/or transformation. Plasmid-borne genes were identified by Southern blotting, and their genetic surroundings were investigated by PCR mapping. RESULTS The 24 isolates with positive EDTA/imipenem synergy tests had bla(VIM-1) carried on 40-150 kb plasmids. Imipenem MICs ranged from 2 to >32 mg/L, while those of meropenem and ertapenem were lower. The isolates included a clonal cluster of 10 Klebsiella pneumoniae, two other K. pneumoniae isolates, and diverse isolates of Escherichia coli (seven), Klebsiella oxytoca (three) and Citrobacter freundii (two). Six MBL producers were aztreonam-susceptible; the 18 aztreonam-resistant isolates had co-resident extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. bla(VIM-1) occurred as the first cassette in class 1 integrons, with aacA4 as the second cassette. Quinolone resistance gene qnrS1 was detected in 21 of 24 (87.5%) bla(VIM-1)-positive isolates versus 14 of 185 (7.6%) bla(VIM)-negative isolates (P < 0.0001), with 13 of the latter belonging to a clonal cluster of E. coli. qnrS1 was located on the same plasmids as bla(VIM-1) and aacA4, but was not closely linked, as judged by PCR mapping. CONCLUSIONS bla(VIM-1) has become disseminated among enterobacteria in a small Italian town. The frequent association of genes conferring carbapenem, aminoglycoside and quinolone resistance on single plasmids will facilitate co-selection.
Reconfigurable metamaterial dipole antenna

In this paper a reconfigurable dipole antenna at the frequency of 3.33 GHz is presented. This antenna offers a gain enhancement of about 3 dB over a conventional dipole and also provides a reconfigurable pattern in the E-plane. To produce these features, the antenna uses a new reconfigurable metamaterial unit-cell. Three PIN diodes are embedded in the structure of the unit-cell so it can switch between a double split-ring resonator (DSR) and a spiral resonator. Using this reconfigurable metamaterial media, a gain enhancement of about 3 dB is achieved and also the main beam of the antenna can be tilted from -15 to +10 degrees in the E-plane.
The Newest Recruit to the Army of β-lactamases

In the recent popular press much discussion has been made of a new group of ‘super bugs’ that are emerging from India and Pakistan. These organisms have a specific resistance gene designated as NDM-1 (New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1). The gene encoding this β-lactamases associated with organisms that demonstrate multiple antimicrobial resistance profiles, limiting the treatment options for these infections.
Haemoglobin, C‐reactive protein and androgen levels in uncomplicated and complicated pregnancies of women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Objective. We studied a possible association between pregnancy complications and blood/serum levels of haemoglobin, C‐reactive protein, sex hormones and lipids in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Material and methods. Twenty‐one women with polycystic ovary syndrome were followed prospectively from the first trimester to delivery. Women with pregnancy complications (n = 10) were compared to women without complications (n = 11). Outcome measures were blood/serum levels of haemoglobin, C‐reactive protein, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, androstenedione, testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, free testosterone index, oestrogens and lipids. Results. Haemoglobin levels were higher in complicated pregnancies compared to uncomplicated pregnancies throughout the complete pregnancy, while C‐reactive protein levels were higher for complicated pregnancies at gestational weeks 19 and 32. Serum levels of lipids, androgens and oestrogens did not differ throughout pregnancy. Conclusion. In women suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome, pregnancy complications were associated with elevated blood/serum levels of haemoglobin and C‐reactive protein. Androgen, oestrogen and lipid levels did not differ between groups.
Vertical Cross Contamination of Trichloroethylene in a Borehole in Fractured Sandstone

Boreholes drilled through contaminated zones in fractured rock create the potential for vertical movement of contaminated ground water between fractures. The usual assumption is that purging eliminates cross contamination; however, the results of a field study conducted in a trichloroethylene (TCE) plume in fractured sandstone with a mean matrix porosity of 13% demonstrates that matrix‐diffusion effects can be strong and persistent. A deep borehole was drilled to 110 m below ground surface (mbgs) near a shallow bedrock well containing high TCE concentrations. The borehole was cored continuously to collect closely spaced samples of rock for analysis of TCE concentrations. Geophysical logging and flowmetering were conducted in the open borehole, and a removable multilevel monitoring system was installed to provide hydraulic‐head and ground water samples from discrete fracture zones. The borehole was later reamed to complete a well screened from 89 to 100 mbgs; persistent TCE concentrations at this depth ranged from 2100 to 33,000 μg/L. Rock‐core analyses, combined with the other types of borehole information, show that nearly all of this deep contamination was due to the lingering effects of the downward flow of dissolved TCE from shallower depths during the few days of open‐hole conditions that existed prior to installation of the multilevel system. This study demonstrates that transfer of contaminant mass to the matrix by diffusion can cause severe cross contamination effects in sedimentary rocks, but these effects generally are not identified from information normally obtained in fractured‐rock investigations, resulting in potential misinterpretation of site conditions.
Provably total functions of intuitionistic bounded arithmetic

This note deals with a proof-theoretic characterisation of certain complexity classes of functions in fragments of intuitionistic bounded arithmetic. In this Introduction we survey the background and state our main result. We follow Buss [B1] and consider a language for arithmetic whose nonlogical symbols are 0, S (the successor operation Sx = x + 1), +, ·, ∣ ∣ (∣x∣ being the number of digits in the binary notation for x), rounded down to the nearest integer), # (x#y = 2∣x∣∣y∣) and ≤. We define 1 = S0, 2 = S1, s0x = 2x and s1x = 2x + 1. In Buss's approach the functions s0 and s1 play a special role. Notice that six is the number obtained from x by suffixing the digit i to its binary representation, and thus the natural numbers are generated from 0 by repeated applications of the operations s0 and s1. This means that they satisfy the induction scheme Using the fact that is x with its last binary digit deleted, this can be stated more compactly in the following form, called by Buss the polynomial induction or PIND schema: Buss defined a theory S2 consisting of a finite set BASIC of open axioms and the PIND-schema restricted to bounded formulas ϕ. The topic of bounded arithmetic is concerned with S2 and its fragments.
FROM STATES OF CONFUSION TO A NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR DEMENTIA CARE: THE DEVELOPMENT OF POLICIES FOR DEMENTIA CARE IN AUSTRALIA

The release of Australia's National Action Plan for Dementia Care in 1992 was the culmination of more than a decade of policy development over which the federal government assumed an increasing role, and the participatory approach fostered under its Social Justice Strategy promoted collectivist and political attempts to address the issues of dementia care. This article begins with an account of four phases of policy development, with the transition from one to the next marked by changes in thinking about dementia care being incorporated into policy and then expressed in programmes and in care practices. In the second part of the article, the goals and structure of the National Action Plan are outlined and its implementation and outcomes discussed. Continuation of the policy climate in which the National Action Plan was formulated is a crucial, but uncertain, factor for future development. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What Do We Know about Asthma Triggers? A Review of the Literature

Objective. For patients with asthma, exacerbations and poor control can result from exposure to environmental triggers, such as allergens and air particulates. This study reviewed the international literature to determine whether a global checklist of common asthma triggers might be feasible for use as a research or management tool in clinical practice. Methods. Literature published from 2002 to 2012 was identified through PubMed and EMBASE using the following search terms: asthma, asthma triggers, prevalence, among others. A total of 1046 abstracts were found; 85 articles were reviewed covering six continents (number of articles): Africa (1), Asia (22), Australia (1), Europe (27), North America (22), and South America (4). Results. The literature consistently pointed to asthma triggers as one contributor to poor asthma control. Frequently cited triggers were similar across countries/regions and included allergens (particularly pollens, molds, dust, and pet dander), tobacco smoke, exercise, air pollutants/particulates, weather patterns/changes, and respiratory infections. Definitions of asthma triggers, how triggers are taken into account in definitions of asthma control, and scientific inquiry into optimal management techniques for triggers were inconsistent and sparse. Conclusions. Given the apparent importance of triggers in attaining and maintaining asthma control, empirical research concerning optimal trigger management is needed. Results demonstrate that asthma triggers are similar across continents, suggesting a global checklist of triggers for use in research and clinical practice would be feasible.
Acromegaly and Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor I

Random levels of growth hormone (GH) are usually not helpful in diagnosing either GH deficiency or GH hypersecretion because GH is secreted in a pulsatile fashion. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), however, is a good indicator of GH secretion and action, particularly at the level of the liver. There is a good correlation between IGF-I and several clinical indices of acromegaly. Measurements of both IGF-I and GH are cornerstones of biochemical diagnosis and follow-up of acromegaly, although in patients treated with pegvisomant, IGF-I levels should be followed rather than GH levels. IGF-I immunoassays differ in assay design, label, intra- and inter-assay precision, and calibrator or standard used, so IGF-I assays may be difficult to compare with one another. Hence, it is essential that the assays used in the laboratory are well validated and adequate normal ranges are available for the levels to be interpreted in a robust manner.
Different aspects of non-metalized silicon dies joining with using low temperature and low pressure sintered silver nanoparticles

The mechanical strength of non-metalized silicon joints made with low-temperature and low-pressure silver nanoparticles sintering was discussed. Material composition, as far as sintering process parameters impact on mechanical strength was presented in the paper. The X-Ray, X-Ray computed tomography, optical microscope images for layer surface and cross-sections were considered.
Stability Analysis of HTS Power Cable With Fault Currents

We numerically calculated the transient temperature distribution of flowing subcooled liquid nitrogen in a high-Tc superconducting (HTS) model cable when faults occur. The coolant and cable core temperatures were calculated by numerically solving the heat equation using the finite difference method. In the calculation, we assume that the heat transfer coefficient between the flowing subcooled liquid nitrogen and the cable core surface is described by the Dittus-Boelter correlation. The calculation results reveal that the coolant temperature increases even after the fault has been removed and that it continues increasing until fresh coolant arrives from the inlet. The calculated temperature profile of the coolant agrees well with measured data obtained by conducting over-current tests on a model HTS cable. Using our computational code, we also evaluated the maximum HTS cable lengths that ensure that the coolant remains in the liquid phase for certain fault currents for an HTS model cable.