Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MUSCLE METABOLISM AND MEAT QUALITY OF PIGS AND POULTRY

Structural and functional properties of the skeletal muscle determine the meat quality in agriculturally used animals. Post-mortem changes of these properties vary among individual animals and can eventually lead to occurrence of poor meat quality depending on environmental conditions at slaughter. In pigs, as well as in poultry species, the PSE meat condition (pale, soft, exudative meat) predominates among meat quality alterations. Pigs genetically predisposed for PSS (porcine stress syndrome) and suffering stress before slaughter are characterized by an accelerated post mortem glycolysis. The ryanodine receptor gene (RYR1) was shown to bear the causal mutation for the PSS. Research on structure and function of skeletal muscle in pigs with different RYR1 - genotypes demonstrated differences in the diameter of all three muscle fiber types. In stress susceptible animals an increased diameter of the fibers can be observed. Chicken and turkey underwent a comparably intense selection for high meat yield like pigs. As a result, the breast muscle consists of more than 90% of white (i.e., glycolytic fibers) with higher diameters in turkey than in M. longissimus of pigs. It is suspected that this provides the basis for the occurrence of PSE - like conditions in meat from chicken and turkey. Besides the described structural and biochemical alterations, the so-called extracellular matrix gains more attention in current research. The analysis of the genome and of its translation into messages and proteins will increase our knowledge about muscle biology and may finally lead to selection criteria for favourable meat quality.
Special Issue on Control and Optimization in Cooperative Networks

This special issue of the SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization is motivated by the emerging disciplines of multi-agent networks, distributed motion coordination, and cooperative control. It is foreseen that, in the near future, large numbers of coordinated devices communicating through ad hoc networks will perform a variety of challenging sensing tasks. The potential advantages of employing arrays of sensors are numerous: certain tasks are difficult, if not impossible, when performed by a single agent; and a group of agents inherently provides robustness to failures of single agents or communication links. Although the individual components of these networked systems are increasingly sophisticated, we lack a fundamental understanding of how to assemble and coordinate the individual physical devices into a coherent whole. As a consequence of this limitation, there exists a strong need for the integration of the sensing, computing and networking aspects of coordinated control of networks. This special issue gathers recent developments aimed at providing new sets of control and distributed optimization tools to address the research challenges posed by multi-agent networks. This volume presents 16 papers that deal with a wide range of coordination tasks such as consensus, connectivity maintenance, spatial process estimation, formation stabilization, localization, coverage, and target detection. The topics considered include the characterization of convergence speeds, the design of algorithms that tolerate delays, noisy measurements, and packet drops, and the study of the controllability of graph structures and the influence of the interconnection topology in the control design. Collectively, the papers detail deep connections between a wide variety of scientific disciplines, including cooperative, distributed and decentralized control theory, distributed algorithms and systems, communication networks, graph theory, geometric optimization, differential and computational geometry, game and learning theory, and process estimation. We believe this special issue contains an excellent sample of current research on multi-agent networks and we envision that it will be of great interest to the broad readership of the SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization. A million thanks are due to all the authors who submitted their work to this special issue. We would also like to thank the proficient and timely editorial support provided by Brian Fauth and Mitch Chernoff and the insightful and gracious advice that we received from the editor-in-chief, John Baillieul.
Open Source Adoption Index: Quantifying FOSS Adoption by an Organisation

This paper reports the preliminary results of a study conducted to assess and quantify the adoption of Free/Open Source Software FOSS by organisations and enterprises. While almost all organisations use FOSS in some form today, there is a wide variation in the manner and extent to which they do so, and presently no quantitative measure exists that can capture the true picture. The present work has built a model with two sets of parameters that, when fed with relevant data about an organisation, generates a single number, the FOSS Adoption Index FAI, for that organisation. The index is so defined that the higher its value for an organisation, the greater is the extent of FOSS adoption in that organisation. Beyond the single measure FAI that gives a coarse assessment, the model also allows drilling down to finer levels of granularity that provides deeper insights into the status and role of FOSS within a given organisation. Primary data collected for two classes of organisations through questionnaire based surveys and interviews have been used to demonstrate the working of the model as well as its potential usefulness for real world situations.
Pathology Update Bilateral and Multifocal Breast Cancer

Widespread mammography and the increasing use of breast-conserving therapy make bilateral and multifocal breast cancer more important issues in patient care. The biologic mechanisms of these two cancer types differ. Bilateral breast cancer results from independent primaries in the two breasts, while multifocal breast cancer can result from either intramammary spread from a single index tumor or, probably less commonly, from multiple synchronous primary tumors. This article discusses in situ cancer from the point of view of multifocality and bilaterality, as well as the biologic differences between ductal carcinoma in situ and lobular carcinoma in situ. The term "multifocal" is used in this report to describe cases in which two or more discrete tumors can be detected clinically, radiographically, or pathologically in the same breast, and the term is used without etiological implications. In some articles, the words "multifocal" and "multicentric" may be used interchangeably. In other articles, the term "multicentric" may describe multiple independent primary tumors in one breast, and "multifocal" may describe multiple tumor nodules derived from a single primary tumor that occur close to the primary lesions. In this article, synchronous bilateral tumors are those detected within one year of one another, whereas metachronous tumors are detected after an interval greater than one year.
Cytopathogenic agent resembling human salivary gland virus recovered from tissue cultures of human adenoids.

Smith (1) recovered a cytopathogenic virus from a human salivary gland demonstrating intranuclear inclusions characteristic of the human salivary gland virus. Subsequently, Weller(2) isolated a similar virus from a liver biopsy from an infant with a clinical diagnosis of cytomegalic inclusion disease. During the course of studies in this laboratory of the presence of adenoidal-pharyngeal-conjunctival (APC) viruses(3-5) in human adenoids, 3 strains of an intranuclear inclusion body-producing virus were isolated from adenoid tissue cultures in which the fibroblasts underwent spontaneous degeneration. This report describes some of the properties of the virus, the development of a complement fixation . test, and the serological relationship of this yirus to the strains isolated by Smith and Weller.Materials and methods. Adenoids were obtained from children undergoing tonsillectomy-adenoidectomy at the Children's Hospital, Washington, D.C., and the Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health. Roller tu.
Toxoplasmosis : Role of Cytokines in Disease Modulation & Tissue Pathology

Toxoplasmosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii parasite has a world wide distribution effecting one third of the world population. A number of parasite and host factors determine the outcome of prevalence, disease severity and tissue damage ranging from asymptomatic self limiting infection in health adults to serious destructive inflammatory consequences in congenitally infected infants and in individuals with a weakened immune system. There is strong experimental evidence that the cytokines play a major role in the pathogenesis of Toxoplasma gondii and manipulation of these cytokines can put forth a beneficial or damaging effect on the host and thus modulate the disease pathology. The importance of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) was clearly demonstrated when the neutralization of interleukin (IL) IL-12 and of IFN-γ using anti-IFN-γ & anti-IL-12 monoclonal antibodies (MAb) resulted in reactivation and loss of control on the parasite’s multiplication leading to disease. Cytokine IL-27 was deemed as an endogenous suppresser on IL-17, the inflammatory cytokine that is capable of enhancing the inflammatory response in the brain. Although Toxoplasma is an intracellular pathogen thereby requiring a cell mediated immune response from the host, the cytokine IL-10 protects the infected mice from an exaggerated cellular immune response by inhibiting the production of pro inflammatory cytokines: IL12, IFN-γ, and TNF-β. Following Toxoplasma infection the host triggers a sequential balanced cytokine response to limit the infection and the disease pathology. However, cytokines can sometimes exert a negative effect on the host and augment the disease leading to severe irreversible tissue damage.
Neurogenic influence on local cerebral blood flow

Local cerebral blood flow was measured continuously in conscious rabbits (thermoclearance technique), and PaO2 and PaCO2 were recorded by mass spectrometry. Though inhalation of CO2 increased flow in caudate nucleus and lateral geniculate body, catecholamines only had effect on caudate nucleus where isoproterenolenhanced and epinephrine and norepinephrine reduced flow. Reduction by electrical stimulation of the neck sympathetic trunk was particularly evident in the caudate. Blood flow increased markedly in both regions after preganglionic conduction blockade. The effects were correlated with a significantly lower degree of sympathetic arteriolar innervation (fluorescence histochemistry) in the lateral geniculate body compared with the caudate nucleus.
Extinction ratio improvement using the regenerative properties of four-wave mixing

This work proposes a simple and efficient technique to improve the extinction ratio of a transmitter by using the regenerative properties of four-wave mixing (FWM) in a highly non-linear dispersion shifted fiber. We developed a theoretical model that shows the possibility of a 3 dB increase in the optical transmitter extinction ratio, which is an important design parameter. The numerical simulations confirm the theoretical model and reveal that there should be a trade-off among fiber and systems parameters to avoid eye closure penalty.
Chlamydia–host cell interaction not only from a bird's eye view: some lessons from Chlamydia psittaci

Chlamydia psittaci causes psittacosis/ornithosis in birds and is an economically important pathogen for poultry farming. It also infects nonavian domestic animals as well as rodents, and is a zoonotic human pathogen responsible for atypical pneumonia. The bacterium efficiently disseminates in host organisms causing pulmonary and systemic disease. Its rapid entry, fast replication cycle, and tight control of intracellular transport routes contribute to the host‐to‐host transmission and efficient growth observed with C. psittaci. Recent studies have revealed that the pathogen copes better than other chlamydial strains with proinflammatory effectors produced during the early immune reaction of infected hosts. These features likely contribute to successful infections and might explain the potent adaptation and evasion characteristics of the agent. Current findings on cell‐autonomous, innate, and adaptive defenses against C. psittaci provide novel insights into the concerted immune mechanisms involved in the clearance of the pathogen. Further in‐depth studies on C. psittaci and other related agents in cellular as well as animal models are needed to develop more efficient antichlamydial therapies and vaccination strategies.
Mean platelet volume as a fibrosis marker in patients with chronic hepatitis C

Hatice KARAMAN*, Cigdem KARAKUKCU, Ahmet KARAMAN, Tuba KAYMAN, Samet YALCIN, Erdem Arzu TAŞDEMIR, Gokmen ZARARSIZ, Orhan Kursat POYRAZOĞLU 1 Department of Pathology, Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey 2 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey Department of Gastroenterology, Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey 4 Department of Clinical Microbiology, Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey 5 Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey 6 Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
The transport of microspheres from the gastro‐intestinal tract to inflammatory air pouches in the rat

Abstract— The distribution of latex microspheres (1·1 μ diam) has been investigated in‐vivo, as a potential passive targeted system for the treatment of inflammation. Microspheres administered orally were found in the circulation and in inflamed tissues and exudates of inflammatory air pouches in rats. Oral absorption was also found in a rabbit. Particles administered directly into the circulation also penetrated into the air pouch tissues and fluids. The possibility of using microspheres as a passive targeted system for the treatment of inflammation is discussed.
Late onset Pneumocystis pneumonia in renal transplantation after long‐term immunosuppression with belatacept

Abstract: Interference with T‐cell function increases the risk of infections, especially during the early post‐transplant period. Belatacept, a costimulation blocker, is currently being tested in phase III clinical trials. Here we report a renal transplant recipient who received belatacept and developed severe Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) with fatal superinfections 4 years post transplant. Cytomegalovirus infection preceded PCP, which typically occurs in overimmunosuppressed patients, but has not yet been reported under T‐cell costimulation blockade in transplant patients. This case illustrates the possibility of excessive immunosuppression even with a lymphocyte‐specific regimen.
Design and implementation of Hyper-connected IoT-VR Platform for customizable and intuitive remote services

This paper proposes a Hyper-connected IoT-VR (HI) Platform that designed interconnection of human, device and space. We utilized the high interoperability of IoT platform based services and the intuitive services from VR contents. HI Platform can provide customizable and intuitive remote services. Furthermore, this paper shows a Hyper-connected IoT-VR Office (HIO) Zone in order to implement the HI Platform.
The Senior Visiting Surgeons program: a model for sustained military-civilian collaboration in times of war and peace.

Abstract : The use of civilian expertise to assist the military medical corps during times of conflict is not a new concept. Perhaps, one of the most noted examples was the service of Edward D. Churchill, MD, who volunteered to serve as the chief surgical consultant in the North African and Mediterranean theaters during World War II. A colonel in the US Army, Dr. Churchill followed his deployed surgical unit from Harvard Medical School into the war zone, making major contributions to the care of the wounded, most notably in advocating for the use of whole blood for resuscitation. In addition to Churchill and DeBakey, other surgical giants who contributed to combat care during World War II included Loyal Davis, Fred Rankin, Isidor Ravdin, Robert Zollinger, Ben Eiseman, and J. Englebert Dunphy (former chief of surgery at the University of California, San Francisco). For a more in-depth review of the contributions of Dr. Churchill and others, interested readers are referred to the excellent article authored by Cannon et al. The war that has engaged US troops for the past 10 years in Iraq and Afghanistan is unique in American history. This prolonged war has been fought with an all-volunteer military service, including the members of the medical corps. A portion of the surgeons in theater are recent residency graduates and thus relatively inexperienced in trauma surgery. Other deployed surgeons may be reservists in the Army, Navy, or Air Force Medical Corps who have been deployed multiple times from their private or academic practices. Modern technology has brought the war into our living rooms and onto our computer screens, giving civilians a unique look at battlefield injuries. These considerations as well as many others culminated in the development of the Senior Visiting Surgeons (SVS) program composed primarily of civilian trauma surgeons.
Detection of Platinum in the Brain of Mice Treated with Cisplatin and Subjected to Short‐term Hypoxia

Cisplatin is widely used for cancer treatment but has strong side‐effects, including nephrotoxicity. Neurotoxicity has been thought to be limited to peripheral damage because the blood‐brain barrier is thought to be impervious to hydrophilic substances such as cisplatin. Because anoxic ischaemia has been associated with lesions of the barrier, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry has been used to monitor the accumulation of platinum in the brains of mice treated with cisplatin and exposed to oxygen‐deficient atmospheres.
Robust Stability and Stabilization of Fractional-Order Interval Systems: An LMI Approach

This technical note presents necessary and sufficient conditions for the stability and stabilization of fractional-order interval systems. The results are obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Two illustrative examples are given to show that our results are effective and less conservative for checking the robust stability and designing the stabilizing controller for fractional-order interval systems.
Comparison of different techniques for keyword searching over encrypted data

Since it is necessary to store data on different storage devices so to have privacy and security. It is desirable to encrypt the data before storing them. Since data is stored in a third party storage device in encrypted form it is very difficult to search data in its encrypted form. Thus making the retrieval process is difficult in large scale databases. In this paper we study and compare different techniques for key word search on encrypted data and we study and analyze their efficiency and security provided by them.
Classical and Modern Strategies to Enhance Plant DiseaseResistance Against Fungi-A Review

Pathogenic fungi are associated with devastating plant diseases since centuries, causing huge epidemics in history. Plant pathogenic fungi have been managed by employing multiple strategies including chemical control, biological control, organic management etc. Despite, being a quick mean to provide an effective control, chemical management has hazardous effects on human health and environment. Fungal pathogens can be managed by using transgenic technology, molecular technology and other approaches aiming at genetic manipulation. Genetic engineering technology has been widely researched in recent era and many transgenic plants with remarkable resistance against potential fungal pathogens have been developed. Transgenic plants have the advantage of being environment friendly. Transgenic technology has aimed at engineering for the expression of many antifungal genes including pathogenesis related (PR) proteins, phytoalexins, hydrolytic enzymes, antimicrobial peptides and resistance (R) genes. The expression of these antifungal genes was successfully imparted into plants via, transgenic technology contributing to significant resistance against fungal pathogens. Another approach include RNA silencing “switching off” of the expression of specific genes by introducing double stranded RNA’s is gaining huge importance since last decade. Many fungal genes encoding for pathogenicity factors have been sequenced successfully. The application of RNA silencing against fungal pathogens is still limited. In this review all strategies which have been employed so far to enhance resistance against fungi will be discussed briefly.
Biological Properties and Therapeutic Applications of Propolis

Propolis is a resinous material collected by bees from bud and exudates of the plants, mixed with bee enzymes, pollen and wax. In this review, the biological properties of propolis and some therapeutic applications are discussed. The same biological activities have been investigated until today, using samples from different geographic regions. Thus, the study of the biological properties of a given sample should always be associated with its chemical composition and botanical source, representing a particular sample of a given geographic area, exploring its biological potential and the role of its constituents. Efforts have been carried out to explain propolis' mechanisms of action in vivo and in vitro, but the majority of propolis' targets and actions are still unclear. The number of formulations containing propolis and patents have increased, although propolis extracts have been used deliberately with different recommendations, not always mentioning the chemical composition, vegetal source and the methods of extraction. Clinical studies will help to obtain criterious recommendations in view of the expected outcomes. Further investigation should explore the effects of common compounds found in the samples from all over the world in an attempt to standardize the research on propolis and to obtain new drugs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hippocampal Function during Adolescence: A Unique Target of Ethanol Effects

Abstract: Behaviors mediated by the hippocampus have long been known to be sensitive to the acute, chronic, and prenatal effects of ethanol. It has recently become clear that hippocampal function is uniquely responsive to ethanol during periadolescent development, and that alcohol affects behavior and brain function differently in adolescents and adults. We have used behavioral techniques, as well as extracellular and whole‐cell electrophysiological techniques, to assess the effects of acute and chronic ethanol exposure on hippocampal function during adolescence and adulthood. Our results are consistent with the view that the hippocampus is more sensitive to the acute effects of ethanol during adolescence and may be more susceptible to the neurotoxic effects of ethanol during this developmental period. Studies of this type have yielded valuable information for prevention, education, and public policy efforts related to underage drinking.