Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
JEL Classification : A 13 , E 24 , J 28 , J 64 JOBLESS SOCIETY – PHENOMENON OF GLOBAL ECONOMY

The main characteristics and causes of the jobless society formation based on the demographic indicators and trends in the global labour market observed have been identified in the article. The structural changes in youth employment and a number of new challenges for modern society have been investigated. The extent and nature of youth employment crisis according to the particular country and region have been analyzed. The process of young people into the virtual labour market integration as one of the possible solutions of global unemployment problem among young people has been described.
Thermodynamics and the Global Optimization of Lennard-Jones clusters

Theoretical design of global optimization algorithms can profitably utilize recent statistical mechanical treatments of potential energy surfaces (PES’s). Here we analyze the basin-hopping algorithm to explain its success in locating the global minima of Lennard-Jones (LJ) clusters, even those such as LJ38 for which the PES has a multiple-funnel topography, where trapping in local minima with different morphologies is expected. We find that a key factor in overcoming trapping is the transformation applied to the PES which broadens the thermodynamic transitions. The global minimum then has a significant probability of occupation at temperatures where the free energy barriers between funnels are surmountable.
Campus Adaptations Vary On Source of College Expense among Engineering Undergraduate Students

Objective: The study aims to empirically test the relationship between types of campus adaptations and sources of college expenses across engineering undergraduate B. Tech students pursuing a four-year study at Indian Institute of Technology (IIT’s) and National Institute of Technology (NIT’s) in India. Method: The Multivariate Analysis of Variance (Manova) test was run with SPSS vs. 21 to compare the student’s campus adaptations of IIT’s and NIT’s by student’s academic year level. Multistage random sampling with n = 1420 students were selected with parents income (n = 956), bank loan (n =144), government scholarship (n =85), private scholarship (n = 06), loan from private source or money lender for stipulated interest (n = 1) borrowing from relatives (n = 1), income from internship project at institute (n = 1), parents income and bank loan (n = 52) parents income and government scholarship (n =121), parents income, government scholarship and private scholarship (n=09), government scholarship and bank loan (n =16), parents income, government scholarship and bank loan (n =07), parents income and private scholarship (n = 09), parents income, private scholarship and bank loan (n =3), government scholarship, income from internship project (n =1) , parents income and income from internship project (n =2), parents income and donor donation (n =3), parents income and borrowing from relatives (n =7). Result: -. The source of expenses delve on derived multiple sources that heavily influences students adaptability at campuses. Conclusion: Campus adaptations do vary across source of college expense influencing student’s experiences at IIT’s and NIT’s.
Extracting protein-protein interactions from text using rich feature vectors and feature selection

Because of the intrinsic complexity of natural language, automatically extracting accurate information from text remains a challenge. We have applied rich featurevectors derived from dependency graphs to predict protein-protein interactions using machine learning techniques. We present the first extensive analysis of applyingfeature selection in this domain, and show that it can produce more cost-effective models. For the first time, our technique was also evaluated on several large-scalecross-dataset experiments, which offers a more realistic view on model performance. During benchmarking, we encountered several fundamental problems hindering comparability with other methods. We present a set of practical guidelines to set up ameaningful evaluation. Finally, we have analysed the feature sets from our experiments before and after feature selection, and evaluated the contribution of both lexical and syntacticinformation to our method. The gained insight will be useful to develop better performing methods in this domain.
The impact of price satisfaction on supplier commitment in the Australian wine supply chain

Commitment is an important relational dimension of any business to business relationship. While many studies have investigated the antecedents and effects of commitment on business to business relationships, the impact of price satisfaction on suppliers’ commitment has not been investigated. As a result, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect that price satisfaction has on suppliers’ commitment in a business to business relationship utilising the Australian wine industry as a context. The results of the study show that price reliability and relative prices have a strong affect on suppliers’ commitment and these aspects of price satisfaction should be heeded by buyers of business to business good and services.
A theory on games with self-blind randomization

One of the most central concepts in game theory is mixed strategy. Following Nash [Nash 1951], a mixed strategy of a game, is defined to be a distribution over a set of pure strategies of the game. To carry out a mixed strategy in the original (pure-strategy) game, a player samples from the distribution specified by the mixed strategy, observes the realized pure strategy and then plays it accordingly. An important assumption, yet, to our best knowledge, always taken for granted, is that the sampling result is perfectly observable by the play taker. In this paper, we relax of this assumption, by allowing the sampling result to be unobservable by the play taker. We coin the resulting strategy self-blind mixed strategy. To implement such a strategy, a player simply turns to a device which carries out an equiprobable mixed strategy on the player’s behalf, without informing the player actual pure strategy played. Depends on the extend to which such strategy can inform others, we have two possible definitions of self-blindness. In the first definition, the device that acts on behalf of the play taker announce to others the actual action realized but not the underlying distribution from which the action is drawn. So, the effects such self-blindness have on others are exactly the same as an equiprobable mixed-strategy: others only form “belief” about the distribution, without knowing the actual one based on which the device operates. In the second definition, the device announces to others not only the realized action but also the distribution from which it makes the draw. As a result, the distribution is now a piece of “knowledge” to others: as long as the strategy is taken, others know for sure the play taker is committed to this distribution. In this paper, we restrict attentions on mindless device: the device, if it reports anything at all, always reports truthfully. For the first definition, unfortunately, self-blindness does not make any difference in one-shot normal-form game. A player, regardless of being able to observe the action played, cannot utilize this information later to change the outcome of the game. In fact, in any normal-form game, playing a self-blind randomized strategy is outcomeequivalent to playing an equiprobable mixed strategy. For the second definition, selfblindness turns a normal form game into a stackelberg game where one player has the commitment power. The problem, aka. “computation of the optimal strategy to commit to”, is thoroughly studied by Conitzer and Sandholm [2006]. In contrast, for the first definition, in extensive-form games, self-blindness can make an essential distinction. A player who plays such a strategy can place herself in a
Long-term aspen exclosures in the Yellowstone ecosystem

Aspen has been declining in the Yellowstone Ecosystem for more than 80 years. Some authors have suggested that aspen is a marginal plant community in Yellowstone and that recent climatic variation has adversely affected aspen, while others contend that excessive browsing by native ungulates is primarily responsible for aspen’s widespread decline. To test these hypotheses, I measured all the long-term aspen exclosures (n = 14) in the Yellowstone Ecosystem. Aspen stands inside all exclosures successfully produced new stems greater than 2 m tall without fire or other disturbance, while few outside stands successfully regenerated due to repeated browsing. Understory species composition was also significantly different inside and outside exclosures. Protected aspen understories were dominated by tall, palatable shrubs and forbs, while grazed understories were dominated by exotic grasses and unpalatable, low-growing forbs. None of the enclosed aspen exhibited any signs of physiological stress, even on dry south-facing hillsides, an indication that climatic variation has not adversely impacted aspen. Instead, exclosure data suggest that aspen has declined throughout the Yellowstone Ecosystem due to repeated browsing by native ungulates, primarily elk.
EFFECT OF CULTIVATION TIME AND WEED CONTROL ON WEED AND SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF BROAD BEAN (VICIA FABA L.)

A field experiment was laid out in order to evaluate the effects of two cultivation time and six weed control methods on yield and some yield components of broad bean based on randomized complete block design with four replications. Results showed that lowest density and dry weight of weed obtained at night cultivation and application of Bentazon+once hand weeding treatments. Also, broad bean yield and some of it components was significantly higher in night cultivation and application of Bentazon+once hand weeding treatments.
Paleoceanographic changes in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific over the last 10 Myr

To examine the Late Neogene evolution of tropical Pacific oceanography, we determined multiple geochemical proxy records for temperature (U-37(K)' and TEX86H indices) and primary productivity (algal biomarkers and diol indices) in sediments recovered at ODP Site 1241 in the East Equatorial Pacific (EEP) spanning a record of the last 10 Myr. The TEX86H temperatures are lower than those recorded by U-37(K)' indices, exhibiting large fluctuations and suggesting strong warming during the Mid Pliocene Warm Period (MPWP; 4.5-3.2 Ma) and significantly colder temperature during the Late Miocene cooling period (7-5 Ma) and after the Middle Pliocene Warm Period (MPWP). Such variations could reflect changes in the EEP thermocline temperatures, but we suggest that they instead reflect changes in the depth of export production of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids in response to changes in the upper ocean structure. A combination of temperature records, inferred to represent different and likely varying depths in the water column, as well as algal biomarker records for export production and ecosystem structure, suggest that both productivity and inference upwelling were reduced in the EEP during warmer periods, such as the MPWP and prior to 7 Ma. In contrast, stronger upwelling conditions and associated increased productivity likely prevailed from 7 to 5 Ma and for the past 3 Myr, both corresponding to globally cool intervals. A further increase in EEP productivity occurred at ca 1.8 Ma, coincident with the development of the E-W Pacific SST gradient. These results confirm previous work that protracted El Nino-like conditions prevailed during warmer intervals of the Pliocene before ultimately descending into the current climate state.
Using sensitivity functions to simulation of complex processes

The paper deals with the use of sensitivity functions that allow us to develop mathematical models of complex processes using short-time experimental samples. The process is said to be complex if variables which describe the states of the process in time are interrelated. The models of complex processes proposed in the paper are presented in the form of regression equations which can be used for the analysis of mutual influences of process variables as well as for the short-time prediction of future process states. The discussed approach is based on the assumption that the process to be studied exhibits the regularity property. As is shown in the paper, under this condition, it is sufficient to have five or six experimental samples to start synthesis of models which can be further modified during simulation. Streszczenie. ´ Artykul dotyczy wykorzystania funkcji czulości do konstrukcji matematycznych modeli zlozonych procesow w celu dokonywania krotkoter- minowej predykcji. Proces nazywamy zlozonym, kiedy zmienne opisujące stany tego procesu w czasie są wzajemnie zalezne. Modele zlozonych pro- cesow, ktore proponujemy są przedstawione w postaci ukladow rownan, ktore mogą byc uzywane do analizowania wzajemnych wplywow zmiennych tych procesow oraz krotkoterminowej prognozy przyszlych stanow tych procesow. Proponowane podejście oparte jest na zalozeniu, ze obserwowany proces wykazuje pewne regularności. W takiej sytuacji wystarczy piec, sześc probek danych eksperymentalnych, aby rozpocząc synteze modeli, ktore nastepnie bedą modyfikowane podczas symulacji. (Wykorzystanie funkcji czulości do symulacji procesow)
On the accuracy of AGA positioning algorithm in multipath environment

The quality of location-based services (LBS) services depends on the available accuracy of the used positioning method. There are generally several ones for wireless networks. The more accurate methods are way more expensive to implement. On the contrary, there are methods with lower accuracy and much lower costs as well. Received signal strength (RSS) method, which is described below, belongs to the latter case. The purpose of this paper is to describe a performance of adaptive geometric algorithm (AGA) for estimation of mobile station position in multipath environment. The algorithm is an improved version of basic geometric algorithm and it is compared to it as well as to Standard Least Squares method. The properties of the proposed algorithm are evaluated in a simulation and experimental scenario. Both scenarios are implemented in typical multipath conditions, which are crucial in wireless communication.
Los efectos adversos de la luz artificial por la noche

Our body has a biological clock and all tissues are oscillators that follow the daily light-dark cycle in order to change the intensity of behavior and physiological functions and make us more efficient according to whether we are awake or asleep. The invention and use of electric lights, which began around the last century, have affected this temporal organization. Light exposure at night has social, ecological, behavioral and health consequences that just now begin to be apparent. People with nocturnal habits are mostly exposed to light at night, and among them night workers are at risk. Due to changes in life style, young people, including children, are now individuals exposed to this factor that affects their physiology. The excess of light at night, also called “light pollution”, is the cause of diverse health problems. The aim of this paper is to present evidence from clinical studies and experimental models that points out the deleterious effects of light at night as a factor that affects the circadian system, physiological systems and behavior leading to disease. Here we offer evidence that light at night is a risk factor for public health.
Immunotherapy for Fungal Infections

Opportunistic fungal infections are a major health problem being appointed by some studies as the fourth main cause of hospital-acquired infection in susceptible populations. The constantly growing incidences of these diseases are associated with the growing number of susceptible individuals, such as immunocompromised individuals (leukemia, AIDS, etc) and treatment-induced immunodeficiency (hematopoietic stem cell, solid organ transplant, anticancer therapy). Furthermore, other advances in medical care, patient’s long-term hospitalization and antimicrobial therapies have created sev- eral vulnerable populations to fungal infections. Currently, antifungal drug therapies are several times inefficient, and the poor outcomes are linked to difficulties in the early diagnosis of fungal infections and drug resistance among fungal pathogens. In this con-text, novel therapeutic approaches are welcome to stimulate efficiently the host immune response to eliminate the fungal pathogen. This chapter is intended to review advances in immunotherapy strategies for fungal infections.
Interannual variability of the quasi two-day wave over Central Europe (52°N, 15°E)

Using the spaced receiver method in the low-frequency (LF) range, lower E-region ionospheric drifts are measured at Collm Observatory, Germany since several decades. These drifts are interpreted as upper mesospheric winds at the reflection height of the used amplitude modulated LF radio waves, the latter being measured since 1983 using travel time differences between the ground wave and the ionospherically reflected sky wave within a small sideband range near 1.8 kHz above and below the carrier frequency. One regular feature of midlatitude upper mesosphere winds is the quasi twoday wave (QTDW), known as a wavenumber 3 or 4 wave in the middle atmosphere, usually occurring as one or more bursts during the summer season at midlatitudes. The OTDW bursts, as measured in LF winds, shows substantial decadal and interannual variability. Comparison with the background winds show that the onset of QDTW bursts is found near maximum values of the vertical wind shear, and maximum QTDW amplitudes are measured, on average, about one week after the maximum wind shear. This supports the theory that the QTDW is forced by instability of the summer mesospheric wind jet.
Hα line profiles for a sample of supergiant HII regions I. The main spectral component

We present an analysis of the Hα emission line profiles of a sample of giant extragalactic HII regions, selected from among the brightest and most isolated in a group of spiral galaxies for which we have photometric and spectroscopic data: NGC 157, NGC 3631, NGC 6764, NGC 3344, NGC 4321, NGC 5364, NGC 5055, NGC 5985, NGC 7479. Our study confirms that the majority of the line profiles are composed of a bright, main component and two fainter, high velocity components that we denominate wings. Here, we analyze the kinematics of the principal components, finding a relation between the Hα luminosity, LHα, and the turbulent velocity dispersion, σnt. A linear fit to the relation between these quantities yields log LHα = (35.6 ± 0.4) + (2.87 ± 0.2) log σnt, in agreement with previous studies. We compute the mass of each HII region using both the virial theorem and the Hα luminosity, confirming that, though these estimates do not coincide exactly, they are comparable within the uncertainties and consequently that the HII regions in our sample are approximately virialized.
Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending medicine out-patient department of a tertiary care hospital in Alappuzha, Kerala, India

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication affecting the eyes of both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus due to long-term hyperglycaemia. Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness among working aged adults around the world. There are various factors leading to the development of diabetic retinopathy namely duration of diabetes, glycaemic control, age at onset of diabetes, uncontrolled hypertension. This is a hospital based cross-sectional study which aimed to study the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending Medicine out-patient department of Government T. D. Medical College, Alappuzha, Kerala, India. The factors contributing to the development of retinopathy was also studied. Methods: 200 already diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects were included in the study. Subjects were explained about the study and once the consent was received, data regarding age, gender, age at onset of diabetes, duration of diabetes, history of smoking, alcohol intake, and socio-economic status was documented. Height and weight was measured. Blood pressure was recorded with mercury sphygmomanometer. Then the subjects were evaluated for diabetic retinopathy by fundus examination after dilating the eyes. Findings were noted and subjects were categorized as no retinopathy, nonproliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy using the ETDRS classification. Results: In present study, out of 200 subjects, 63 subjects (31.5%) were affected with diabetic retinopathy (non-proliferative retinopathy=22.5%, proliferative retinopathy=9%). Prevalence of mild, moderate and severe non-proliferative retinopathy was 7.5% each. Significant association was found between diabetic retinopathy and duration of diabetes. Conclusions: Therefore, periodic screening of diabetic patients should be carried out for early detection and prevention of loss of vision.
Willingness to Pay for Environmental Service Functions of Mangrove Forest in Uzere, Delta State, Nigeria

This study was carried out to determine the estimate value of the environmental service functions of Uzere mangrove forest using the Willingness to pay method. We used questionnaires to elicit information on the willingness to pay (WTP) for environmental service functions of Uzere mangrove forest. Contingent valuation approach was used to elicit information on WTP and the socio-economic variables that influence the WTP. Data were obtained from a systematic randomly sampled 300 residents within the three communities in Uzere. The data were subjected to descriptive statistics, F and student’s t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation and multiple regression analyses using statistical package of social sciences (SPSS). The results show that 21.7% of the respondents were willing to pay (WTP) various amounts ranging from N 50- N 5000 monthly, N 50 being the modal value. The mean monthly WTP value is N 36.8. This gave an aggregate estimated value of between N 147,798.09 and N 681,097.19 (US$1= N 150) for the environmental service functions of the 2,004.2hectares of Uzere mangrove forest. The semi-log regression equation revealed that the years of residence and occupation are the only socio-economic variables that significantly influenced WTP. The results of this study indicate that the forest is of high value and therefore, there is a need for concerted effort for sustainable management of the mangrove forest. Keywords : Willingness to pay (WTP), ecological services, socio-economic factors, mangrove forest, Uzere