Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is Unfavourable Cervix prior to Labor Induction Risk for Adverse Obstetrical Outcome in Time of Universal Ripening Agents Usage? Single Center Retrospective Observational Study

Cervical assessment on the Bishop scale prior to induction of labor (IOL) is one of the strongest prognostic criteria in relation to the success of the procedure. The commonly used preinduction methods are mainly aimed at reducing the percentage of cesarean sections. Our study has analyzed obstetric results of patients who had unripe cervix (Bishop score <7) before IOL and used preinduction (Foley catheter or misoprostol vaginal insert releasing 7 mcg of misoprostol per hour for 24 hours) with obstetric results of patients in whom, due to favourable cervix, only a low-dose infusion of oxytocin was used. We reviewed the medical records of 1010 single pregnancies in whom IOL was performed. We divided the patients into two groups: group A (where preinduction was used) and group B (Bishop score ≥7 points) where preinduction was not used. Patients in group A were more likely to complete the delivery by caesarean section (OR = 4.58, 95% CI 3.22-6.51), and more likely to have events that were indications for operative delivery: unreassuring fetal heart rate trace (OR = 3.29, 95% CI 2.07-5.23) and arrested labor or failed induction (OR = 3.4, 95% CI 2.06-5.62). The groups did not differ in the percentage of vacuum extraction, postpartum haemorrhage, and meconium stained amniotic fluid. In group B, more infants were born with umbilical cord blood pH <7.1 (1.38% vs. 0%), both groups included no deliveries of newborns with Apgar score ≤3 points, the groups did not differ in terms of the percentage of newborns with Apgar score between 4 and 7 at birth (OR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.29-1.49). The immature cervix and the need to use labor preinduction is a risk factor for caesarean section. The necessity of preinduction does not impair neonatological results.
Are fission–fusion dynamics consistent among populations? A large‐scale study with Cape buffalo

Abstract Fission–fusion dynamics allow animals to manage costs and benefits of group living by adjusting group size. The degree of intraspecific variation in fission–fusion dynamics across the geographical range is poorly known. During 2008–2016, 38 adult female Cape buffalo were equipped with GPS collars in three populations located in different protected areas (Gonarezhou National Park and Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe; Kruger National Park, South Africa) to investigate the patterns and environmental drivers of fission–fusion dynamics among populations. We estimated home range overlap and fission and fusion events between Cape buffalo dyads. We investigated the temporal dynamics of both events at daily and seasonal scales and examined the influence of habitat and distance to water on event location. Fission–fusion dynamics were generally consistent across populations: Fission and fusion periods lasted on average between less than one day and three days. However, we found seasonal differences in the underlying patterns of fission and fusion, which point out the likely influence of resource availability and distribution in time on group dynamics: During the wet season, Cape buffalo split and associated more frequently and were in the same or in a different subgroup for shorter periods. Cape buffalo subgroups were more likely to merge than to split in open areas located near water, but overall vegetation and distance to water were very poor predictors of where fission and fusion events occurred. This study is one of the first to quantify fission–fusion dynamics in a single species across several populations with a common methodology, thus robustly questioning the behavioral flexibility of fission–fusion dynamics among environments.
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: Toward cell-free therapeutic strategies in regenerative medicine

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells with marked potential for regenerative medicine because of their strong immunosuppressive and regenerative abilities. The therapeutic effects of MSCs are based in part on their secretion of biologically active factors in extracellular vesicles known as exosomes. Exosomes have a diameter of 30-100 nm and mediate intercellular communication and material exchange. MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) have potential for cell-free therapy for diseases of, for instance, the kidney, liver, heart, nervous system, and musculoskeletal system. Hence, MSC-Exos are an alternative to MSC-based therapy for regenerative medicine. We review MSC-Exos and their therapeutic potential for a variety of diseases and injuries.
Effect of gut microbiota on α‐amanitin tolerance in Drosophila tripunctata

Abstract The bacterial gut microbiota of many animals is known to be important for many physiological functions including detoxification. The selective pressures imposed on insects by exposure to toxins may also be selective pressures on their symbiotic bacteria, who thus may contribute to the mechanism of toxin tolerance for the insect. Amatoxins are a class of cyclopeptide mushroom toxins that primarily act by binding to RNA polymerase II and inhibiting transcription. Several species of mycophagous Drosophila are tolerant to amatoxins found in mushrooms of the genus Amanita, despite these toxins being lethal to most other known eukaryotes. These species can tolerate amatoxins in natural concentrations to utilize toxic mushrooms as larval hosts, but the mechanism by which these species are tolerant remains unknown. Previous data have shown that a local population of D. tripunctata exhibits significant genetic variation in toxin tolerance. This study assesses the potential role of the microbiome in α‐amanitin tolerance in six wild‐derived strains of Drosophila tripunctata. Normal and antibiotic‐treated samples of six strains were reared on diets with and without α‐amanitin, and then scored for survival from the larval stage to adulthood and for development time to pupation. Our results show that a substantial reduction in bacterial load does not influence toxin tolerance in this system, while confirming genotype and toxin‐specific effects on survival are independent of the microbiome composition. Thus, we conclude that this adaptation to exploit toxic mushrooms as a host is likely intrinsic to the fly's genome and not a property of their microbiome.
Assessment of G×E interaction for fibre quality traits in recombinant inbred lines of cotton

The quality of textile processing depends on the several cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fibre quality traits, such as micronaire value, fibre length, and fibre strength. The objective of this investigation was to identify stable genotype(s) and suitable season for expression of five fibre quality traits among 220 recombinant inbred lines of cotton. This evaluation was done at Department of Cotton, TNAU, Coimbatore during three seasons (kharif 2017-18, Summer 2018 and kharif 2018-19) in randomized complete block design with two replications. Genotype×environment interaction (GEI) was studied using the Additive main effect and multiplicative interaction analysis. Pooled analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among genotypes, environments and interaction effect for Upper half mean length of fibre, uniformity index, bundle strength and fibre fineness. Principal component 1 for upper half mean length of fibre, uniformity index, bundle strength, elongation percentage and fibre fineness accounted for 67.58, 75.40, 80.30, 81.20 and 74.90 per cent respectively of the total variation. Based on genotype stability index, RIL 120 emerged as stable performer for four quality traits viz., UHML, bundle strength, elongation percentage and fibre fineness. Also, six other genotypes viz., RIL 145,151,74,82,96 and 152 were stable for atleast two quality traits. Based on PC1, AMMI stability value and Genotype stability index, 52 entries were shortlisted for GGE biplot analysis. RIL 134 exhibited the best fibre qualities viz., bundle strength and elongation percentage in E1 season and uniformity index in E3. The genotype RIL 93 expressed its best fibre qualities viz., bundle strength and upper half mean length in E2. So also, the potential of RIL 82 for elongation percentage could be witnessed in both seasons E2 and E3 and for fibre fineness during E1. These genotypes are ideal for multiple traits in same or different seasons. E 1 season (Kharif 2017-18) emerged as representative and discriminating environment for three out of five traits viz., bundle strength, elongation percentage and fibre fineness. Thus the present investigation has led to identification of ideal RI lines for different fibre traits and ideal season for selection and development of improved cotton varieties with good fibre quality.
I O T D EVICES VS . D RONES FOR D ATA C OLLECTION IN A GRICULTURE

: Modern agriculture requires constant plant, animal and machine monitoring so as to ensure optimal functioning. In the current age of agricultural robotization it is necessary to arrange for a suitable automated data collection system, primarily for plant and animal status which can provide the required data within a short time period. There are generally two alternatives for this purpose: a network of IoT (Internet of Things) devices
Influence of Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter with the NICAM on High Latitudes

Data assimilation is one of the most important techniques in numerical weather predictions. In some operational centers, 4D-Var (e.g., H. Liu and X. Zou 2001, and Pierre and Jean-Noël 2001) has been used recently, but many operational centers use 3D-Var (Parrish and Derber 1992), which is an economical and accurate statistical interpolation scheme. The 4D-Var’s accuracy is much higher than the 3D-Var. In addition to 4D-Var’s high accuracy, it allows the assimilation of many observations, for example asynchronous observations such as satellite radiances, at their correct observation time. However, the computational cost of the 4D-Var implementation is very expensive because the 4D-Var requires a linear tangent model and its adjoint model. Evensen (1994) suggested an ensemble Kalman filter (hereafter EnKF), which approximates the covariance matrix of the Kalman filter (Kalman 1960) using ensemble predictions. The EnKF does not require calculation of a linear tangent model and its adjoint model of GCMs. They have very large degrees of freedom, so the KF requires very large covariance matrices, but the EnKF does not require computing the covariance matrices, directly. Moreover, The EnKF is able to generate the optimum ensemble perturbations which reflect analysis error. Local ensemble transform Kalman filter (Hunt et al. 2007, hereafter LETKF) is a kind of EnKFs. In the LETKF each grid point has a local patch. The LETKF has an important advantage in which the observations are assimilated in each local patch. Because of this advantage, the LETKF has a higher performance to implement in parallel computers. Miyoshi et al. (2007a) applied the LETKF to AFES with a T159L48 resolution to perform an experimental reanalysis and investigated the stability of the LETKF. Miyoshi et al. (2007b) constructed LETKF without the local patch, and the non-local patch LETKF improves analysis errors in polar region. There have been a few researches applying EnKF to nonhydrostatic models. Snyder and Zhang (2003) applied an ensemble square root filter (EnSRF, Whitaker and Hamill 2002) which is a kind of EnKFs. Miyoshi and Aranami (2006) applied the LETKF to JMA’s operational version of NHM. On the other hand, NICAM (Nonhydrostatic ICosahedral Atmospheric Model, Sato et al. 2008) is a nonhydrostatic global atmospheric model. It adopted the nonhydrostatic equations and icosahedral grid structure. So, the NICAM can calculate convection directly. The NICAM is developed to resolve clouds, and has high performance in the case of high parallel computing. It is expected to understand the rainfall system more. However, assimilation system of the NICAM has not been constructed. So in this study, we apply non-local patch version of the LETKF to the NICAM (NICAM-LETKF), and investigate the influence of the NICAM-LETKF in high latitudes under perfect model assumption.
Irradiation of Ar/CH4/H2 Pulse Modulated Induction Thermal Plasmas to Si Substrate 変調制御した高熱流Ar/CH4/H2誘導熱プラズマのSi基板照射実験

The silicon substrate was irradiated by Ar/CH4/H2 Pulse Modulated Induction Thermal Plasma (PMITP) at 15 kW. The irradiated surface of the substrate was analyzed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. Results showed that the substrate irradiated by the PMITP had a sharp peak at 1328 cm -1 which indicates diamond of Raman shift, while the substrate by the non modulated thermal plasmas has a large G-band. The SEM results showed that polycrystalline diamond films were grown almost uniformly in 25x25 mm 2 in case of PMITP.
Modal Energy Analysis of Nearly Rectangular Rooms at Low Frequencies

This paper describes a method where the normal modes of a rectangular room are analysed as independent resonant systems with internal losses derived from the absorption properties of the room surfaces. Thus the resonance frequency, the bandwidth, and the decay rate of each normal mode can be calculated. A new method using a representative wave has been applied to calculate the decay rate of a normal mode. By adding the frequency responses of all normal modes up to a sufficiently high order the global frequency response below 200 Hz is found. The decay curve within a frequency band can be calculated by adding together the individual decay curves of the relevant modes. Typically the axial modes have longer reverberation times than tangential and oblique modes, and thus the total decay curve will not be a perfectly straight line. The effect of angled walls or scattering treatment of surfaces is modelled in terms of modal energy analysis, the most important result being that sound energy is transferred from the powerful axial modes to other modes with less energy, and thus leading to a shorter reverberation time. A new theoretical model for energy losses of axial modes due the scattering or angled walls is presented. The presented model using modal energy analysis is suggested as a tool for the analysis and design of small music practice rooms and recording studios.
Leveraging Social Media in New Product Development: Organisational Learning Processes, Mechanisms and Evidence from China Abstract

Purpose – The main purpose of this paper is to investigate how social media can provide important platforms to facilitate organisational learning and innovation in new product development (NPD) process. Design/methodology/approach – Using a multiple case-study approach, this study assesses qualitative data collected via 56 interviews from 13 world-leading Chinese companies in the high-technology industry. Findings – The study identified three distinct types of organisational learning mechanisms for firms to extract potential innovation inherent in social media. It further determined various organisational enablers that facilitate the connections between these mechanisms and NPD performance. Research limitations/implications – This research contributes to the emerging literature on digital product development and organisational learning. The cases were conducted in the Chinese context, hence, the results may not be fully generalisable to other organisations, industries and countries without appropriate re-contextualisation. Practical implications – The empirical evidence showcases the various mechanisms adopted by managers in different NPD phases. It identifies several technological and organisational adaptations that managers can apply to smartly scale their social presence and facilitate NPD. Originality/value – Despite the exponential growth of social media use in identifying and interacting with external stakeholders, managerial practice and academic research have paid little attention to how social media can be leveraged for NPD. The value of this research comes from applying a qualitative method to gain in-depth insights into the mechanisms for leveraging social media to facilitate innovation in NPD.
The Origins and Evolution of the Energiya Rocket Family

Energiya rose from the ashes of the cross-starred N-1/L-3 manned lunar programme as part of an effort to develop a standardised family of launch vehicles for a variety of missions. Although the goal of sending Soviet cosmonauts to the Moon was not immediately abandoned, the focus eventually shifted to a reusable space transportation system that would provide a response to the military capabilities of the US Space Shuttle. Unlike the US Shuttle, the Soviet Buran orbiter would be just one payload of a heavy-lift launch vehicle that could be adapted for a wide variety of other missions. Although Energiya and Buran did eventually fly successfully, the changing political climate gradually undermined their very raison d’être. International détente obviated the need for the military missions they had been designed for and the disintegration of the Soviet Union left no room in Russias shoestring space budgets for any other payloads that Buran and the Energiya rocket family might carry. In a bizarre repeat of history, Energiya ultimately met the same fate as the N-1, being relegated to the scrapheaps of the space programme after a titanian multi-billion ruble effort.
A NOVEL METHOD FOR IMPROVING BORESIGHT RADIATION BANDWIDTH BY METAMATERIAL INLEAKY-WAVEANTENNA

Improvement of boresight radiation Bandwidth in leakywave antenna is a primary concern.The novelty of our proposed method is based on using substrate integrated metamaterial The proposed leaky-wave antenna based on a composite right/left-handed substrate integrated waveguide consists of two leaky-wave radiator elements which are with different unit cells. The dual-element antenna prototype featuresboresight gain of 12.0 dBi with variation of 1.0 dB over the frequency range of 8.775-9.15 GHz or 4.2%. In addition, the antenna is able to offer a beam scanning from -60o to 66o with frequency from 8.25 GHz to 13.0 GHz. Keywords—Beam scanning, leaky-wave antenna, metamaterial, substrate integrated waveguide, wideband boresight radiation.
A Novel Approach to Clustering Malware Behaviour to Improve Malware Detection

This article is based on my thesis A Novel Approach to Clustering Malware Behaviour to Improve Malware Detection a study to evaluate the accuracy of clustering-based malware detection to see whether it improves malware detection. Clustering malware behaviour can be very useful, but it is unknown how accurate clustering algorithms are when dealing with malware. In this article I will describe an attempt to measure the accuracy of these algorithms. My results show that the accuracy of clustering-based malware detection is highly subjective as it depends on many factors such as the type of methods used and the features selected. a aThis article is published online by Computer Weekly as part of the 2020 Royal Holloway information security thesis series https://www.computerweekly. com/ehandbook/Royal-Holloway-A-novel-approach-to-clusteringmalware-behaviour-to-improve-malware-detection. It is based on an MSc dissertation written as part of the MSc in Information Security at the ISG, Royal Holloway, University of London. The full thesis is published on the ISG’s website at https://www.royalholloway. ac.uk/research-and-teaching/departments-and-schools/ information-security/research/explore-our-research/isg-technical-reports/.
Analytical Testing of Vortex Generators with an Airfoil Profile

When a wing is exposed to an airstream, the air tends to flow along the surface of the wing while sticking to it. This region, closest to the surface of the airfoil, is said to be boundary layer. However, an adverse pressure gradient formed aft of the maximum thickness of the wing leads to a boundary layer separation. If severe enough, this can lead to loss in lift and might even cause the wing to stall. Vortex generators were therefore invented to ensure that the air sticks to the surface of the wing. They are placed at the leading edge of the wing to create minor vortices that push the air down to ensure that it sticks to the surface. Vortex generators are nothing but flat plates placed at an angle to the relative airflow. While this serves the purpose, a vortex generator with an airfoil profile will be more effective and provide better control over the wing. In order to compare the two, analytical tests were carried out. The analytical testing mainly consisted of a CFD analysis between the flat plate and airfoil profiles.
A study on N(k)−contact metric manifolds

In this paper, we studyN(k)−contact metric manifolds. Firstly, we characterize the N(k)−contact metric manifold endowed with a concircular vector field. Then, we discuss N(k)−contact metric manifolds admitting quasi-Yamabe solitons and obtain some necessary conditions for an N(k)−contact metric manifold to be Sasakian. Finally, we investigate N(k)−contact metric manifolds satisfying the curvature conditions R.h = 0, h.R = 0, R.Q = 0 and Q.R = 0. M.S.C. 2010: 53C15, 53C25, 53D15.
Stacy, J and Regmi, YN and Leonard, B and Fan, M (2017)The recent progress and future of oxygen reduction reaction catalysis: A review. Renew-

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) technology is an exciting alternative energy prospect, especially in the field of transportation. PEMFCs are three times as efficient as internal combustion (IC) engines and emit only water as a byproduct. The latter point is especially important in a day and age when climate change is upon us. However, platinum required to catalyze the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) which takes place on the cathode of the PEMFC has rendered fuel cell automobiles economically unviable until now. Therefore, the pursuit of an inexpensive replacement for platinum has become an active research area. This review covers the promising progress made in this field since 2011. Some of the more promising catalysts reviewed include alloys such as Pt/Pd nanotubes which outperform their platinum counterpart by nine fold and a Pt/Ni alloy which improves upon Pt activity by 16 times. Platinum-free catalysts such as iron carbide and modified graphene which rival Pt activity are also reviewed. Table of
Characterization of thermophilic aerobic granular sludge for the treatment of bleached kraft pulp mill effluent

The objective of this work was to evaluate the physical characteristics of the thermophilic granular aerobic sludge used in the treatment of bleached kraft pulp mill effluents. Four sequential batch reactors (SBRs) were operated with cycles of 12 hours. Reactor (R1-FSR) with flocculent sludge was used as control. The other three reactors (R2-GSR, R3-GSR+100, and R4-GSR+200) were operated with granular aerobic sludge. Concentrations 100 and 200 mg. L-1 of calcium were applied in the R3-GSR+100 and R4-GSR+200, respectively. The pH was maintained in the neutral range in all reactors. The experimental plan was carried out for 490-day period, in 5 phases at different temperatures of 35 °C to 55 oC. All SBRs showed COD removal efficiency above 60% in all temperature ranges. The granule average diameter in the R2-GSR, R3-GSR+100, and R4-GSR+200 ranged from 5 to 8 mm. The reactor R3-GS+100 showed better stability due to the addition of 100 mg. L-1 of calcium. The granular sludge sedimentation velocity was 40 m.h-¹, which was eight times higher than the flocculent sludge. Thermophilic treatment (55 °C) using aerobic granular sludge proved to be a promising way for treating bleached kraft pulp mill effluent without a prior cooling process.