Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ACTRIS ACSM intercomparison - Part 2: Intercomparison of ME-2 organic source apportionment results from 15 individual, co-located aerosol mass spectrometers

Abstract. Chemically resolved atmospheric aerosol data sets from the largest intercomparison of the Aerodyne aerosol chemical speciation monitors (ACSMs) performed to date were collected at the French atmospheric supersite SIRTA. In total 13 quadrupole ACSMs (Q-ACSM) from the European ACTRIS ACSM network, one time-of-flight ACSM (ToF-ACSM), and one high-resolution ToF aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) were operated in parallel for about 3 weeks in November and December~2013. Part 1 of this study reports on the accuracy and precision of the instruments for all the measured species. In this work we report on the intercomparison of organic components and the results from factor analysis source apportionment by positive matrix factorisation (PMF) utilising the multilinear engine 2 (ME-2). Except for the organic contribution of mass-to-charge ratio m/z 44 to the total organics (f44), which varied by factors between 0.6 and 1.3 compared to the mean, the peaks in the organic mass spectra were similar among instruments. The m/z 44 differences in the spectra resulted in a variable f44 in the source profiles extracted by ME-2, but had only a minor influence on the extracted mass contributions of the sources. The presented source apportionment yielded four factors for all 15 instruments: hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA), cooking-related organic aerosol (COA), biomass burning-related organic aerosol (BBOA) and secondary oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA). ME-2 boundary conditions (profile constraints) were optimised individually by means of correlation to external data in order to achieve equivalent / comparable solutions for all ACSM instruments and the results are discussed together with the investigation of the influence of alternative anchors (reference profiles). A comparison of the ME-2 source apportionment output of all 15 instruments resulted in relative standard deviations (SD) from the mean between 13.7 and 22.7 % of the source's average mass contribution depending on the factors (HOA: 14.3 ± 2.2 %, COA: 15.0 ± 3.4 %, OOA: 41.5 ± 5.7 %, BBOA: 29.3 ± 5.0 %). Factors which tend to be subject to minor factor mixing (in this case COA) have higher relative uncertainties than factors which are recognised more readily like the OOA. Averaged over all factors and instruments the relative first SD from the mean of a source extracted with ME-2 was 17.2 %.
Interactive comment on “ A 3-D tomographic trajectory retrieval for the air-borne limb-imager GLORIA ” by J . Ungermann

We thank the reviewers for their helpful comments and recommendation, which we used for improving the paper. We’d like to thank reviewer #1 for his attention to detail with respect to sentence structure and implied meaning. We’d like to thank reviewer #2 for pointing out that a detailed discussion of the observation geometry is missing, the addition of which improves the accessibility of our results.
Latitudinal trends in O 3 , CO, CH 4 and SF 6 over the Indian Ocean during the INDOEX IFP-1999 ship cruise

Surface measurements of ozone (O 3 ), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH 4 ) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) were made over the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean during the INDOEX field experiment in January- March 1999 covering the latitude range from 17°N to 20°S. Observations show decreasing trends in all these trace gases from the Indian coastal region to the open Indian Ocean. Ozone with a lifetime of few days, shortest among the species presented here, shows large variations while SF 6 , which has relatively longer lifetime, shows smaller variations. Ozone also shows clearly the effect of ITCZ and its movement. These observations show higher ozone near the Indian coastal region in January 1999 than in March 1999 and also compared to the observed ozone during the INDOEX-1998 cruise. This is believed to be due to strong anti-cyclonic conditions in January 1999 bringing more polluted air from the Indian continent. A decrease in the latitudinal gradient in CH 4 was observed in 1999 compared to that in 1998 in the same region, indicating slower growth rate in 1998-1999 period.
A Siliceous Microfossil View of Middle Eocene Arctic Paleoenvironments

Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 302, “The Arctic Coring Expedition” (ACEX), unearthed the most significant find of Paleogene siliceous microfossils in nearly 2 decades. 100 m of early middle Eocene, organic-rich, finely laminated sediments contain abundant marine and freshwater siliceous microfossils allowing intriguing insights into central Arctic paleoenvironments during the start of Cenozoic cooling. Largely endemic assemblages of marine diatoms and ebridians are preserved along with very high abundances of chrysophyte cysts, the endogenously formed resting stage of freshwater algae. An overall brackish environment is invoked, but variations in group dominance suggest episodic changes in salinity, stratification, and trophic status. With the backing of inorganic geochemistry we synthesize the sediment characteristics by hypothesizing an environmental model for the cooccurrence of these diverse siliceous microfossil groups. We also report on initial insights into the composition of some of the laminations, which may help explain the formation of this rich sediment archive.
A neural network based algorithm for complex pattern classification problems

Abstract This work presents an application of neural networks in pattern classification. A new algorithm for automatic classification of data is presented. The algorithm makes use of a competitive neural network to aid the classification process. The algorithm gets a data set D and segments it into clusters. The only prior given information is a number of auxiliary centers and a threshold distance. The algorithm uses the Mahalanobis metrics to cluster the data and find itself the number of classes. Some tests were made in artificially generated data sets with complex distributions and compared to standard classification methods that use Euclidian distance as its metrics.
Sound Localization by Cetaceans

Cetaceans (whales and dolphins) use acoustic cues to determine the locations and identities of envi- ronmental stimuli within their underwater habitats. Dolphins evolved unique auditory systems for spatially differentiating ultrasonic signals, whereas the larger baleen whales appear to have evolved different mechanisms for localizing lower frequency sound sources. Many of the cues that terrestrial mammals use to localize sounds in air are less well suited for localizing sounds underwater. Never- theless, cetaceans can localize sounds as well as or better than most terrestrial mammals. Position- dependent spectral filtering likely plays an important role in sound localization by toothed whales, whereas phase differences between the ears may be important for baleen whales. However, it is ex- ceedingly difficult to determine how filtering and phase differences contribute to spatial hearing by whales and dolphins because, in contrast to terrestrial mammals, the structures through which cetace- ans receive sounds are completely internalized (and thus invisible). Computational models of ceta- cean auditory processing provide one viable approach to generating testable predictions about the mechanisms cetaceans use to localize and identify sound sources.
A Study on the Criminal Threat and Privacy Protection with a Proxy Service

Internet service provider is able to collect personal information to prevent the violations of the rights of service providers and customers using internet. But there are still many debates going on between a personal privacy and a regulation. Proxy servers are used in various technical purposes include bypass access. Although the proxy server users are increasing but there are not any proper institutional mechanisms and regulations to protect users. In this study, we discuss the two sides of a proxy service includes its privacy protection function and the cyber-crime threat and propose supplementary measures to mediate between the interests of public and private.
Searching for similarity in topographic controls on carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus export from forested headwater catchments

Topography influences hydrological processes that in turn affect biogeochemical export to surface water on forested landscapes. The differences in long‐term average annual dissolved organic carbon (DOC), organic and inorganic nitrogen [NO3−‐N, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON)], and phosphorus (total dissolved phosphorus, TDP) export from catchments in the Algoma Highlands of Ontario, Canada, with similar climate, geology, forest and soil were established. Topographic indicators were designed to represent topographically regulated hydrological processes that influence nutrient export, including (1) hydrological storage potential (i.e. effects of topographic flats/depressions on water storage) and (2) hydrological flushing potential (i.e. effects of topographic slopes on potential for variable source area to expand and tap into previously untapped areas). Variations in NO3−‐N export among catchments could be explained by indicators representing both hydrological flushing potential (91%, p < 0.001) and hydrological storage potential (65%, p < 0.001), suggesting the importance of hydrological flushing in regulating NO3−‐N export as well as surface saturated areas in intercepting NO3−‐N‐loaded runoff. In contrast, hydrological storage potential explained the majority of variations among catchments in DON (69%, p < 0.001), DOC (94%, p < 0.001) and TDP (82%, p < 0.001) export. The lower explanatory power of DON (about 15% less) compared with that of DOC and TDP suggests another mechanism influencing N export, such as controls related to alternative fates of nitrogen (e.g. as gas). This study shows that simple topographic indicators can be used to track nutrient sources, sinks and their transport and export to surface water from catchments on forest landscapes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two-component solution processing of oxide semiconductors for thin-film transistors via self-combustion reaction

Indium zinc oxide (IZO) thin films were fabricated via self-combustion of In and Zn salts coordinated with fuel and oxidizer ligands. The intense heat generated from the exothermic reaction compensated for the energy required for oxide formation and reduced the temperature required to anneal the oxide films. Thermal analysis of the fuel and oxidizer precursors confirmed the generation of exothermic heat at a relatively low annealing temperature. With the aid of the internal energy that evolved as heat from the combustion reaction, the formation of the metal–oxygen–metal lattice and the removal of organic ligands could be easily accomplished with lower amounts of externally supplied energy. IZO thin-film transistors (TFTs), obtained from this combustive In–Zn pair at a low annealing temperature of 350 °C, showed a significantly enhanced field-effect mobility of 13.8 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a high on/off current ratio of 1.06 × 108. Inkjet printing of the combustive precursors yielded TFTs with a high field-effect mobility of 5.3 cm2 V−1 s−1 and an on/off ratio of 106. The high performance, good device uniformity, and high yield of TFTs fabricated by our self-combustion method demonstrate the potential of the proposed system to facilitate the processing of flexible printed electronics.
Biorational insecticides for control of the tomato potato psyllid

Since its discovery in 2006, the tomato potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (TPP), has been considered a signiicant pest of solanaceous crops in New Zealand, resulting in an intensiication of insect pest control measures, often with the use of broad-spectrum insecticides. In the search for more sustainable control methods in outdoor potato crops, several biorational insecticides were tested in laboratory bioassays to assess their effects on TPP behaviour and mortality. The products tested were Organic JMS Stylet-Oil®, Excel Oil®, Eco-Oil®, Neem 600 WP and Sap Sucker Plus. Given the eficacy of JMS Stylet- Oil®, Sap Sucker Plus and Excel Oil® at reducing TPP numbers and their probing/feeding deterrent qualities, these products are now being tested in a ield trial. The impacts of the tested biorational insecticides on beneicial insects are also being assessed in laboratory and ield trials.
Solar-like oscillations in Delta Scuti stars

Model computations of Delta Scuti stars, located in the vicinity of the red edge of the classical instability strip, suggest amplitudes of solar-like oscillations larger than in cooler models located outside the instability strip. Solar-like amplitudes in our Delta Scuti models are found to be large enough to be detectable with ground-based instruments provided they can be distinguished from the opacity-driven large-amplitude pulsations. There would be advantages in observing simultaneously opacity-driven and stochastically excited modes in the same star. We anticipate their possible detection in the context of the planned asteroseismic space missions, such as the French mission COROT (COnvection ROtation and planetary Transits). We propose known Delta Scuti stars as potential candidates for the target selection of these upcoming space missions.
CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR BANKS

Backgrounds/Objectives: The present study attempts to identify the effectiveness of CRM and to determine the lacunae in the process of CRM by establishing an empirically tested CRM model. Methods/Analysis: Analytical and descriptive types of research have been carried out for the purpose of the study. The majority of the study is conducted using primary data. Simple Random Sampling Method is used to gather the primary data. The sample for the research study is selected scientifically. Two sets of questionnaires have been used for the study to collect information from Customers and Bank Employees. Findings: The average mean scores of six elements of CRM of customers and employees are 21.23 and 24.53 respectively. This parametric yield is a perfect projection of customers and employees perception. Since the services/facilities are offered by the banks, it is considered to be 100% for CRM effectiveness. The total mean scores of the employees are considered as the effectiveness of CRM in customers’ perceptions. The percentage JIBC November 2016, Vol. 21, No.S5 2 difference would reveal the effectiveness side of CRM as well as the lacunae in the process. The model concludes that the customers’ perception of the CRM elements is effective at 86.55% (21.23/24.53*100) level and the lacuna is 13.45%. The banks have to employ specific strategies to fulfill the lacunae in the process of CRM and to obtain the full effectiveness of CRM. The study has given a clear message that the real challenge before the banks is to translate sentiments into dealings, and a dealings-based relationship into a psychologically linked and dedicated one within a time period. Novelty: The study has developed an empirically tested CRM model for the banks to acquire new customers and retain the existing ones.
Community‐wide impacts of herbivore‐induced plant regrowth on arthropods in a multi‐willow species system

It has been widely accepted that herbivory induces morphological, phenological, and chemical changes in a wide variety of terrestrial plants. There is an increasing appreciation that herbivore-induced plant responses affect the performance and abundance of other arthropods. However, we still have a poor understanding of the effects of induced plant responses on community structures of arthropods. We examined the community-level effects of willow regrowth in response to damage by larvae of swift moth Endoclita excrescence (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) on herbivorous and predaceous arthropods on three willow species, Salix gilgiana, S. eriocarpa and S. serissaefolia. The leaves of sprouting lateral shoots induced by moth-boring had a low C:N ratio. The overall abundance and species richness of herbivorous insects on the lateral shoots were increased on all three willow species. Densities of specialist chewers and sap-feeders, and leaf miners increased on the newly emerged lateral shoots. In contrast, the densities of generalist chewers and sap-feeders, and gall makers did not increase. Furthermore, ant and spider densities, and the overall abundance and species richness of predaceous arthropods increased on the lateral shoots on S. gilgiana and S. eriocarpa, but not S. serissaefolia. In addition to finding that effects of moth-boring on arthropod abundance and species richness varied among willow species, we also found that moth-boring, willow species, and their interaction differentially affected community composition. Our findings suggest that moth-boring has community-wide impacts on arthropod assemblages across three trophic levels via induced shoot regrowth and increase arthropod species diversity in this three willow species system.
Determination of reverse-current coil turns layout to mitigate over-coupling in resonant inductive power transfer links

The transfer efficiency of two-coil resonant inductive power transfer links is known to significantly degrade with a reduction of the coil distance, due to an over-coupling at shorter distances. In this work, a simple technique is introduced to determine the spatial layout of reverse-current coil turns, which suppresses the overcoupling-induced transfer efficiency drop. By employing the spatial layout of reverse-current turns as a design parameter, the proposed method provides more generality in its implementation compared to other reverse-current turn methods. Simulation and experimental results validate the method, suggesting a potential for distanceinsensitive implementations.
MODELLING AND SEPARATION OF SINGING VOICE BREATHINESS IN POLYPHONIC MIXTURES

Most current source separation methods only target the voiced component of the singing voice. Besides the unvoiced consonant phonemes, the remaining breathiness is very noticeable to humans and it retains much of the phonetic and timbral information from the singer. We propose a low-latency method for estimating the spectrum of the breathiness component, which is taken into account when isolating the singing voice source from the mixture. The breathiness component is derived from the detected harmonic envelope in pitched vocal sounds. The separation of the voiced components is used in conjunction with an existing iterative approach based on spectrum factorization. Finally, we conduct an objective evaluation that demonstrates the separation improvement, supported also by a number of audio examples.
UNDERSTANDING SELF-HARM IN YOUNG PEOPLE: AN EMOTIONAL UNBALANCE IN NEED FOR INTERVENTION

Self-harm behavior refers to the intentional self-destruction or alteration of body tissue without deliberate suicidal intent. Studies claimed self-harm as being associated to obsessive-compulsive characteristics and eating disorders, emotion-regulation functions when interpersonal distress occurs and physiological reactivity during a distressing task in association to social problem-solving deficits. Three national studies referring to young people will be presented. The main study’s aim was to understand frequency of self-harm in Portuguese students and understanding the associations between self-harm and risk behaviors. A convenience sample of 206 was collected among high school and university students. The instrument used was a self-completed questionnaire: “Teens Self-Destructive Scale”. A minority of self-harmers was found. Results suggested associations between self-harm, eating disorders and difficulties regarding self-regulation of emotions and that self-harm can be considered a non-adaptive and not successful personal strategy to manage emotions. Findings from the other two national studies will be referred. All together, these findings demonstrate the relevance of studies in this domain and helped producing guidelines in terms of therapeutic interventions. During the last decades, young people became more literate regarding health information and more aware of risk behaviors, but did not improve their literacy about emotions and how to deal with them. Are we in need for a "positive" approach to mental health promotion in young people? Key words: protective factors, risk factors, self-harm, students.
Ileal true digestibility of amino acids in wheat milling by-products for pigs

Ten batches of wheat milling by-products - 3 of wheat middlings (WM), 4 of wheat feed (WF), 3 of wheat bran (WB) - were analysed and studied for their protein and amino acid ileal true digestibility (ITD). Each batch was tested on four castrated male pigs weighing between 35 and 95 kg, and fitted with an end-to-end ileo-rectal anastomosis. In all types of by-products, lysine and threonine were among the least digestible amino acids, whereas methionine was among the most digestible ones. N and all amino acids ITD decreased significantly ( P < 0.05) from WM to WF and to WB. In WM, the average N, lysine, threonine and methionine ITD values were 93.6, 90.8, 90.4 and 95.1%, respectively. They decreased to 85.5, 86.6, 83.3 and 91.5%, respectively in WF and down to 70.1, 68.3, 68.4 and 78.9%, respectively in WB. N and all amino acids ITD was predicted according to either the ratio of the feedstuff fibre to amino acid concentrations, or the proportion of total N bound to the NDF (neutral detergent fibre) residue, or both. For most amino acids, the use of CF (crude fibre), ADF (acid detergent fibre) or ADL (acid detergent lignin) as fibre criteria provided accurate equations with coefficient of determination higher than 90%.
Hydrographic changes in the Agulhas Recirculation Region during the late Quaternary

Abstract. The strength of Southern Hemisphere westerlies, as well as the positions of the subtropical front (STF), Agulhas Current (AC) and Agulhas Return Current (ARC) control the hydrography of the southwestern Indian Ocean. Although equatorward migration of the STF and reduction in Agulhas leakage were reported during the last glacial period, the fate of ARC during the last glacial–interglacial cycle is not clear. Therefore, in order to understand changes in the position and strength of ARC during the last glacial–interglacial cycle, here we reconstruct hydrographic changes in the southwestern Indian Ocean from temporal variation in planktic foraminiferal abundance, stable isotopic ratio (δ18O) and trace elemental ratio (Mg/Ca) of planktic foraminifera Globigerina bulloides in a core collected from the Agulhas Recirculation Region (ARR) in the southwestern Indian Ocean. Increased abundance of G. bulloides suggests that the productivity in the southwestern Indian Ocean increased during the last glacial period which confirms previous reports of high glacial productivity in the Southern Ocean. The increased productivity was likely driven by the intensified Southern Hemisphere westerlies supported by an equatorward migration of the subtropical front. Increase in relative abundance of Neogloboquadrina incompta suggests seasonally strong thermocline and enhanced advection of southern source water in the southwestern Indian Ocean as a result of strengthened ARC, right through MIS 4 to MIS 2, during the last glacial period. Therefore, it is inferred that over the last glacial–interglacial cycle, the hydrography of the southwestern Indian Ocean was driven by strengthened westerlies, ARC as well as a migrating subtropical front.