Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Population structure and human evolution

It is well known that random fluctuations in gene frequencies are due to the process of sampling with which zygotes are produced at every generation, that they are among the causes of evolution by determining what is somewhat inappropriately called ‘genetic drift’, and that this was the centre of an early and substantially unsettled controversy between Sir Ronald Fisher and Sewall Wright. It is, perhaps, less widely appreciated that Sir Ronald, who was against the importance of random fixation, was also the first to consider it theoretically under the name of ‘Hagedoorn effect’ (Fisher 1922). The reason that led Fisher to a negative conclusion is summarized in the relationship between the chance of success of the rare mutant and its selective advantage. This relationship is given in detail in his 1930 paper on the distribution of gene ratios for rare mutations, in which it is shown that the chance of success rises almost proportionately to the selective advantage, in such a way that even small changes in the selective coefficient affect deeply the chance for success. Clearly, the overall chance with which mutants showing selective disadvantage will be fixed depends also on the relative frequency with which such mutants arise, that is, on the distribution of selective coefficients for mutations.
A model based design framework for safety verification of a semi-autonomous inspection drone

In this paper, we present a model based design approach to the development of a semi-autonomous control system for an inspection drone. The system is tasked with maintaining a set distance from the target being inspected and a constant relative pose, allowing the operator to manoeuvre the drone around the target with ease. It is essential that the robustness of the autonomous behaviour be thoroughly verified prior to actual implementation, as this will involve the flight of a large multi-rotor drone in close proximity to a solid structure. By utilising the Robotic Operating System to communicate between the autonomous controller and the drone, the same Simulink model can be used for numerical coverage testing, high fidelity simulation, offboard execution and final executable deployment.
Coordinated expression of oestrogen and androgen receptors in HER2-positive breast carcinomas: impact on proliferative activity

Aims Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancers are aggressive neoplasms associated with a variable response to systemic therapies. Therefore, the identification of biomarkers to better characterise this heterogeneity would improve treatment efficacy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of androgen receptor (AR) and oestrogen receptor (ER) on clinicopathological features in a series of HER2-positive breast carcinomas. Methods A total of 104 carcinomas were selected and reviewed. Immunohistochemical studies for ER, progesterone receptor and Ki-67 were analysed on tumour whole histological sections. AR expression was analysed on samples represented on tissue microarrays. According to steroid receptor expression, cases were classified into three groups: AR positive/ER positive (48 cases), AR positive/ER negative (41 cases) and AR negative/ER negative (13 cases). Results AR-positive tumours corresponded to 89 (85.6%) of 104 carcinomas. AR-positive carcinomas were associated with a higher frequency of ER and progesterone receptor co-expression and lower proliferative activity determined by the expression of Ki-67. AR-negative carcinomas were more often high grade. The group of AR-positive/ER-negative carcinomas was associated with the highest frequency of apocrine morphological features. The group of AR-negative/ER-negative carcinomas was associated with the highest proliferative activity and the highest frequency of high histological and nuclear grade. The lowest frequency of high-grade tumours and the lowest proliferative activity were seen among tumours with expression of both receptors. Conclusions These results suggest that co-expression of AR and ER can provide a protective effect based on phenotypical presentation of HER2-positive carcinomas. Furthermore, lack of both steroid hormone receptors characterises the most aggressive phenotype.
It Tools Used in the Management of New Model of Economy, the Knowledge-Based Economy (Narzędzia it Stosowane W Zarządzaniu Nowym Modelem Gospodarki Opartej Na Wiedzy)

The modern IT tools significantly influence the changes in the management methods, and their use also influences the changes of organisation methods and business processes management. Th e scope, range, time, and functional character of business are changed. The Internet plays a special role in the change of the nature and scope of the operations of the business. Our article tries to identify IT tools such as Data Warehouse (DM) systems, Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems, Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), and Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP), an integrated IT system for management support, and to indicate their influence on the change of the traditional production process management model.
Biochemistry and applications of aprotinin, the kallikrein inhibitor from bovine organs.

The basic proteinase inhibitor from bovine organs, aprotinin (active ingredient of Trasylol) has been extensively studied with respect to its chemical, physical and biochemical properties and its inhibitory mechanism of action. It is widely used as a valuable tool for studying protein/protein interactions and protein conformation at the molecular level. There are numerous examples of the usefulness of aprotinin in biochemical and biomedical research. It has also become a valuable drug for the treatment of various diseases like, e.g. hyperfibrinolytic hemorrhage and traumatic-hemorrhagic shock. The purpose of this paper is threefold. It summarizes our present knowledge of the subject in various disciplines; it provides the active scientist with basic data for his experimental work; and above all it points the way to future directions of aprotinin research.
Angiotensin II blockade: A therapeutic strategy with wide applications

Evidence now exists suggesting a pathologic role for angiotensin II in patients with cardiovascular disease and those with risk factors. Clinical trials such as the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension Study (LIFE), the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study (HOPE), the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK), and the Reduction of Endpoints in NIDDM with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan (RENAAL) study have clearly demonstrated that blood pressure reduction is important in hypertension and diabetes. If this can be accomplished with agents that block the renin‐angiotensin system, then additional clinical benefit will be achieved. Clinical data on angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) are well established, while emerging data on the use of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) continue to grow. There is evidence supporting the concept of angiotensin II escape in the presence of ACEIs. The question that remains to be answered is whether a combination of both agents (ACEIs and ARBs) can improve clinical outcomes. Ongoing clinical trials will answer this question.
Predictors of Sexual Risk Practices among Women of Childbearing Age in Sub-urban Communities of Rivers State, Nigeria

Aim: The study was carried out to explore the sexual risk practices of women of childbearing age in sub-urban communities of Rivers State, Nigeria in order to redirect programme interventions. Study Design: The study utilized a quantitative household-based cross-sectional design to generate information among women of childbearing age. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in five sub-urban communities in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria between December 2012 and February 2013. Methodology: Study participants were recruited through the cluster sampling method and data analyzed using the SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariate analysis, using unconditional Original Research Article Tobin-West and Okeafor; IJTDH, 20(3): 1-9, 2016; Article no.IJTDH. 29469 2 logistic regression was done with dependent and independent variables. A p≤ . 05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The majority of the women, 658 (85.6%) were sexually exposed, out of which 245 (37.2%) were involved in sexual risks: early sexual initiation (before 15 years), 110 (16.7%), participation in multiple sexual relationships, 85(12.9%), consumption of alcohol 195 (29.6%) or recreational drugs 39 (5.9%) before sex, and inconsistent use of condoms with casual sexual partners, 55 (22.4%). Logistic regression analysis confirmed that women in the age bracket (15-24 years) were 2.2 times more prone to sexual risk behaviours compared to women in (25-49 years) age bracket, [O.R (95% C.I) = 1.57 (1.11-2.23)], p= . 01. Similarly, women currently unmarried: singles, widowed, separated, and divorced were 2.5 times more predisposed to sexual risks than currently married, [O.R (95% C.I) = 1.71 (1.19-2.47)], p= . 00. Furthermore, adequate knowledge of HIV was protective against sexual risk behaviors, [A.O.R (95% C.I) = 0.68 (0.47 -0.95)], p= . 02. Conclusion: The study brings into focus the high prevalence of sexual risk behaviours among women in non-marital relationships and underscores the need to intensify HIV prevention education, condom programming and entrepreneurial skills at the community level for this vulnerable group.
The use of boluses of propofol for the management of severe tetanus in a child

Tetanus is endemic in many developing countries. Although propofol has been proposed for sedation in tetanus, the routine use of this drug has not been clearly documented in published reports. A few studies have reported its beneficial effects but no randomized studies are available. We describe the case of a five-year-old boy who presented with severe tetanus in East Africa. The antispastic therapy consisted of benzodiazepine infusion with the addition of titrated boluses of propofol. Intubation and mechanical ventilation were avoided.
CCC1 Is a Transporter That Mediates Vacuolar Iron Storage in Yeast*

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae can grow for generations in the absence of exogenous iron, indicating a capacity to store intracellular iron. As cells can accumulate iron by endocytosis we studied iron metabolism in yeast that were defective in endocytosis. We demonstrated that endocytosis-defective yeast (Δend4) can store iron in the vacuole, indicating a transfer of iron from the cytosol to the vacuole. Using several different criteria we demonstrated that CCC1encodes a transporter that effects the accumulation of iron and Mn2+ in vacuoles. Overexpression of CCC1, which is localized to the vacuole, lowers cytosolic iron and increases vacuolar iron content. Conversely, deletion ofCCC1 results in decreased vacuolar iron content and decreased iron stores, which affect cytosolic iron levels and cell growth. Furthermore Δccc1 cells show increased sensitivity to external iron. The sensitivity to iron is exacerbated by ectopic expression of the iron transporter FET4. These results indicate that yeast can store iron in the vacuole and thatCCC1 is involved in the transfer of iron from the cytosol to the vacuole.
Modulation of the Affordance Effect through Transfer of Learning

Consistent evidence shows that practising with spatially incompatible stimulus–response trials modulates performance on following tasks requiring the solution of cognitive conflict such as the Simon and Stroop tasks. In the present study we assessed whether a spatially incompatible practice can modulate another effect that is thought to be due to a conflict between two response alternatives, the affordance effect. To this end, we requested participants to categorize pictures of common objects on the basis of their upright or inverted orientation. A group of participants performed the categorization task alone, while the other two groups performed the categorization task after practising with a spatial compatibility task with either a compatible or an incompatible mapping. Results showed that the spatially incompatible practice eliminated the affordance effect. These results indicate that the conflict at the basis of the affordance effect is not unavoidable but it rather permeable to modulations affecting the response selection stage. Indeed the “emit the alternative spatial response” rule acquired during the spatially incompatible task can transfer to and modulate how the subsequent affordance task is performed.
The Possible Role of Endoscopy in Diagnosis of Benign Tumors of the Nasal Cavity

Background: Benign tumors of the nasal cavity represent a large variety of different histopathological entities. Although advances in nasal endoscopy over the past couple of decades have made it possible to detect the vast majority of these lesions, accurate diagnosis and proper management can be delayed since they are misdiagnosed as inflammatory paranasal sinus disease or simple epistaxis. Objectives: The aims of the present study are to determine the relative incidence of benign tumor of the nasal cavity and to provide typical endoscopic features of common tumors. This information can potentially improve clinicians’ comprehension of benign tumors of the nasal cavity and be helpful in making provisional diagnosis. Results: The present study included 32 patients (25 males, 7 females) with benign tumor of the nasal cavity, which was pathologically confirmed. The most common symptom was nasal obstruction (12/37.5%), followed by recurrent epistaxis (7/21.9%). The most common involving site was anterior nasal septum (17/53.1%), followed by nasal vestibule (7/18.8%) and inferior turbinate (4/12.5%). The most common pathology was squamous papilloma (12/37.5%), followed by lobular capillary hemangioma (7/21.9%). The provisional diagnosis was easily made by nasal endoscopy in 19 (59.4%) patients with typical endoscopic features, especially squamous papilloma, lobular capillary hemangioma, and verruca vulgaris. Conclusions: Clinicians should keep in mind that benign tumors of the nasal cavity are included in the differential diagnosis of unilateral nonspecific nasal symptoms such as nasal obstruction and epistaxis. Also, clinicians should be familiar with the endoscopic findings of various benign tumors and perform the diagnostic approaches with the provisional diagnosis on the basis of those findings.
Ischaemic conditioning: pitfalls on the path to clinical translation

The development of novel adjuvant strategies capable of attenuating myocardial ischaemia‐reperfusion injury and reducing infarct size remains a major, unmet clinical need. A wealth of preclinical evidence has established that ischaemic ‘conditioning’ is profoundly cardioprotective, and has positioned the phenomenon (in particular, the paradigms of postconditioning and remote conditioning) as the most promising and potent candidate for clinical translation identified to date. However, despite this preclinical consensus, current phase II trials have been plagued by heterogeneity, and the outcomes of recent meta‐analyses have largely failed to confirm significant benefit. As a result, the path to clinical application has been perceived as ‘disappointing’ and ‘frustrating’. The goal of the current review is to discuss the pitfalls that may be stalling the successful clinical translation of ischaemic conditioning, with an emphasis on concerns regarding: (i) appropriate clinical study design and (ii) the choice of the ‘right’ preclinical models to facilitate clinical translation.
Absence of fumarate hydratase mutation in a family with cutaneous leiomyosarcoma and renal cancer

A 41‐year‐old man was diagnosed with a cutaneous leiomyosarcoma on the left shoulder. Family history revealed that his brother had died of a metastatic kidney tumor at young age. Although apparently rare, the familial occurrence of cutaneous leiomyosarcoma with renal cancer has been described in the context of hereditary cutaneous leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC). This rare genetic syndrome is caused by heterozygous mutations in the fumarate hydratase (FH) gene. Hence, the manifestation of these two rare malignancies within one family was strongly suggestive of a common underlying genetic defect. However, mutation analysis in the FH gene excluded HLRCC in this family. Although the familial occurrence of these rare tumors might be coincidental, it cannot be ruled out that, beside FH, mutations in another as yet unknown gene could give rise to both leiomyosarcoma and kidney cancer.
Predicting motor decline and disability in Parkinson disease: a systematic review.

CONTEXT The clinical course of Parkinson disease (PD) varies from patient to patient. A number of studies investigating predictors of prognosis in patients with PD have been performed. OBJECTIVE To summarize evidence on predicting the rate of motor decline and increasing disability in early PD. DATA SOURCES English-language and French-language literature cited in the MEDLINE database (1966-2002). STUDY SELECTION Cohort and case-control studies investigating associations between clinical features and subsequent motor impairment or disability were selected. DATA EXTRACTION Study methods and results were abstracted by a single reviewer. DATA SYNTHESIS The results of 13 studies were summarized qualitatively. Study methods were highly variable, particularly regarding the choice of outcome measure. Baseline motor impairment and cognitive impairment are probable predictors of more rapid motor decline and disability. A lack of tremor at onset and older age both appear to be predictive of increasing disability, but conflicting results exist for their association with the rate of change of motor impairment. Family history of PD does not appear to be prognostically important. The prognostic value of many other factors studied is uncertain owing to conflicting or unconfirmed results. CONCLUSIONS Uncertainty remains about the prognostic importance of many baseline clinical features in PD. Greater baseline impairment, early cognitive disturbance, older age, and lack of tremor at onset appear to be adverse prognostic factors.
Dual polarized versus single polarized MIMO: A study over NLOS propagation with polarization discrimination and spatial correlation effects

We investigate in this paper the use of dual polarized antennas in Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems[1][2]. Among the existing channel models for MIMO systems, we perform the geometric NLOS (Non Line of Sight) propagation channel model. Our analysis evaluates the gain in capacity of a MIMO system with two transmit antennas and two receive antennas when comparing the capacity of the dual polarized MIMO system to the capacity of MIMO system with single polarized antennas. The effect of the antenna depolarization as well as the spatial correlation of antennas are considered when evaluating the capacity gain.
Corporate Governance and the Level of Compliance with International Accounting Standards (IAS-1): Evidence from Bahrain Bourse

Harmonization of financial reporting standards reduces information asymmetry and improves the confidence of users of financial information while making decisions . Similarly, corporate governance enhances the transparency of financial information through reducing agency conflicts. Moreover, in order to increase the confidence of investors, attract prospective investors and reduce conflict of interests, Bahrain encourages firms to adhere to both the International Financial Reporting Standards and Bahrain’s Code of Corporate Governance. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between corporate governance and the level of compliance by 39 firms listed on Bahrain Bourse with International Accounting Standards (IAS-1). The results indicate that the level of corporate governance applied in Bahrain listed companies was 72.5% and it has a significant relationship with the level of compliance with IAS-1 disclosure. The findings and recommendations presented in this study might support regulatory bodies and standard setters in Bahrain to formulate strategies that would promote compliance with IFRSs by the listed firms. Additionally, the study contributes to financial reporting literature relating to the GCC countries.
The effects of risk management practices in performance of hotels in Mombasa county

xii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Background of the study . 1 1.1.1 Risk management practices . 1 1.1.2 Financial performance of firms . 3 1.1.3 Risk management and financial performance . 4 1.1.4 Hotel industry in Mombasa . 5 1.2 Statement of the problem . 5 1.3 Objective of the study . 6 1.4 Value of the study . 6 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW . 8 2.
Following the cyberspace "breadcrumbs": modeling options and interactions among consumers, advertisers and search engine providers

OF THE DISSERTATION FOLLOWING THE CYBERSPACE “BREADCRUMBS”: MODELING OPTIONS AND INTERACTIONS AMONG CONSUMERS, ADVERTISERS AND SEARCH ENGINE PROVIDERS By Ming Cheng Dissertation Director: Professor S. Chan Choi Sponsored search-engine advertising, as one of the dominant online marketing paradigms, has been widely adopted by many advertisers in the contemporary marketplace. Its success can be largely attributed to search engine providers’ ability to facilitate a connection between an individual consumer and firms advertising their products and services. In this dissertation, we develop two essays to examine two major aspects of the interactions between consumers and advertisers, as facilitated by a leading China’s search engine company. In the first essay, we focus on examinations of the impact of various types of branded keywords on consumer click-through rates. Using a two-stage joint probability model, we find that various types of advertisers experience significantly different performance in the field of sponsored search advertising. The difference is not merely drawn from the search engine’s various ranking decisions, but also by consumers who differentiate from one kind to another. On the basis of these observations, we further drill into the explorations of branded keywords strategies applied to each type of
A low phase-noise VCO for multi-band transceiver using fully packaged MEMS electrostatic varactors

This paper reports the low-phase noise performance of the VCO (Voltage Controlled Oscillator) using the digital MEMS varactors with the MIM (Metal-Insulator-Metal) capacitors and an electrostatically actuated contact switch. A packaged 2-bit MEMS varactor was operated at 35 V dc to alter the capacitor values in four different states ranging from 0.55 pF to 0.73 pF with a 0.06-pF-step at 1 GHz. A 2-bit MEMS-VCO module was also assembled by using the MEMS chip on the high frequency PWB (Printed Wiring Board, 40 mm × 35 mm). Due to the digital operation, the free-running oscillation frequency was controlled in between 802 MHz to 822 MHz. A phase noise level was measured on a 1-bit MEMS VCO module to be as low as -101 dBc/Hz at a 10 kHz offset from the peak frequency 776 MHz.
An efficient gradual scene boundary detection algorithm for H.264/AVC in compressed domain

Scene boundary detection is the essential step for video analysis such as retrieval, indexing, browsing and so on. There have been quite a lot of scene boundary detection methods for MPEG video streams and they work well. However, the variable size of macroblocks and more type information of macroblocks in H.264/AVC bitstreams make it different from MPEG bitstreams. Consequently, most of the algorithms can not be applied to the H.264/AVC directly. In this paper, an algorithm based on the percentage of blocks coded with the same mode in each frame is proposed. After analyzing the statistics of type information of the sequence contain gradual scene changes, the algorithm sets appropriate thresholds to locate the gradual scene boundaries. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm performs well and can detect 90.9% of the boundaries and make few false alarms.