Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Células madre hematopoyéticas, generalidades y vías implicadas en sus mecanismos de auto-renovación

Blood tissue is composed approximately in 45% by cells and its derivatives, with a life span of around 120 days for erythrocytes and 3 years for certain type of lymphocytes. This lost is compensated with the hematopoietic system activity and the presence of an immature primitive cell population known as Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) which perform the hematopoiesis, a process that is active from the beginning of the fetal life and produces near to 2 x 1011 eritrocytes and 1010 white blood cells per day (1). Hematopoietic Stem Cells are capable of both self-renewal and differentiation into multiple lineages, are located in a particular niche and are identified by their own cell surface markers, as the CD34 antigen. Recently it has been possible to advance in the understanding of self-renewal, differentiation and proliferation processes and in the involvement of the signaling pathways Hedgehog, Notch and Wnt. Studying the influence of these mechanisms on in vivo and in vitro behavior and the basic biology of HSCs, has given valuable tools for the generation of alternative therapies for hematologic disorders as leukemias.
Steroid transformations by a strain of Arthrobacter oxydans incapable of steroid ring degradation

Arthrobacter oxydans 317 which is able to bring about the complete degradation of β‐sitosterol was treated with acridine orange to obtain a plasmid cured strain Arthrobacter 317AL, incapable of producing steroid ring degradation. The strain was neither able to form 4‐androstene‐3,17‐dione(AD) from β‐sitosterol nor to convert AD to 1,4‐androstadiene‐3,17‐dione(ADD). It was, however, able to hydroxylate AD and ADD at the C‐17 position to form testosterone and 1,4‐androstadiene‐17β‐ol‐3‐one respectively. The strain could grow on β‐sitosterol presumably utilizing the degradation products of the sterol side chain. Partial degradation of the β‐sitosterol side chain was demonstrated by the isolation of 27‐norcholest‐4‐en‐3,24‐dione, a metabolic product of the side chain degradation. The existence of metabolic blocks in a further degradation of the side chain to AD, in 1,2‐dehydrogenation and 9α‐hydroxylation of the steroid ring structure was postulated.
No foundation of a “3/4 power scaling law” for respiration in biology

Respiration rate (R ) as a function of body mass (W ) is usually expressed as R = aW b. Empirically, the b value is often close to 3/4 when organisms covering a large span in body mass are compared. But recent years research on the energetic cost of growth demonstrate that young and fast growing stages show higher weight specific respiration rates than older and adult stages, and this implies that the b values tend to be higher: b∼ 1 in small (young) organisms falling to b = 0.6–0.7 in larger (older) stages. Thus, respiration and growth are integrated through the energetic costs of growth. This explains why the b value is not a “natural constant” and why a “3/4 power scaling law” cannot be deduced from the interplay between pure physical and geometric constraints of the transport of oxygen.
The Metabolism of Analogs of Abscisic Acid in Cercospora cruenta

also produced (+)-4, which was considered to be a biosynthetic precursor of ABA. In order to examine the metabolism of ABA analogs, we received the strain of C rosicola from Dr. Assante, but the fungus was not suitable for practical purposes. This is because the liquid culture needs a long time of over a month. Therefore, we newly selected a strain of Cercospora cruenta IFO 6164 from cultures of Cercospora species collected from insti-
CLIMATIC CONDITIONS FOR CROP PRODUCTION IN NORDIC COUNTRIES

Ilmasto vaikuttaa nykyaan satoon oleellisesti. Sen sijaan ennen maaperan viljavuus rajoitti satoa ilmastoa enemman. Pohjoismaissa sateily vaihtelee alueellisesti vahemman kuin lampotila kasvukauden aikana. Kasvukauden aikana mitatuista sateilysta ja lampotilasta voidaan laskea kasvin kasvua kuvaava kumuloituva indeksiluku. Tama vuotuinen kasvuindeksi saa 56.pohjoisella leveysasteella (Odum, Lansi-Jyllanti) arvon 106 ja pienenee arvoihin 90, 60 ja 44 siirryttaessa pohjoiseen 60. , 67. ja 70. leveysasteille. Norjan rannikolla ja Suomen sisamaassa 67. leveysasteella mitattujen kasvuindeksien ero oli hyvin pieni tai vain noin 10 % Suomen sisamaan eduksi. Kun kasvuindeksia laskettaessa otettiin huomioon myos kuvitteellisen hietamaalla viljellyn laitumen kosteusolot, saatiin sateilya, lampotilaa ja kosteusoloja kuvaavan kasvuindeksin summaksi Odumissa 71. Norjan rannikolla 60. , 67. ja 70. leveysasteilla lasketut arvot olivat 72, 49 ja 37, kun taas Suomessa vastaavilla leveysasteilla indeksit olivat 56, 43 ja 35. Kasvintuotannon potentiaalia voitaneen suoraan arvioida kumuloidun kasvuindeksin avulla.
A study of fungal endoparasitism of the cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae) by scanning electron microscopy

The sequential development of fungal endoparasites from eggs of the cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae) was studied by scanning electron microscopy using both critical point dried and frozen, fully hydrated specimens. Fully hydrated specimens were much closer to the natural state than those that had been critical-point dried. Several stages of fungal infection were observed that are similar to those reported for entomopathogenic fungi. Cereal cyst nematode eggs from white females or from cysts were examined before plating on agar. Eggs from both sources had two distinct shapes. This was caused by differences in the developmental stage of the eggs from white females and by the presence or absence of internal fungal material in eggs from cysts.
Influence of bioturbation by the amphipod Corophium volutator on fluoranthene uptake in the marine polychaete Nereis virens

The uptake kinetics of fluoranthene in the polychaete worm Nereis virens were investigated in the presence and in the absence of amphipods to examine the effects of sediment bioturbation by the benthic amphipod Corophium volutator on the uptake in worms. Worms only and worms together with two different densities of amphipods were exposed to fluoranthene‐spiked sediment for 12 d. Worms and overlying water samples for fluoranthene analyses were taken and total suspended solids in water column were measured after 1, 2, 5, 8, and 12 d. Results showed that in all treatments fluoranthene was rapidly accumulated by N. virens during the first two days and a steady state was reached within five days of exposure. Biota to sediment accumulation factors normalized to lipid concentration and to sediment organic carbon (BAFloc) of worms exposed with the highest number of amphipods were significantly higher (two to three times) compared to worms exposed with fewer or without amphipods after one and two days of exposure. Bioconcentration factors (BCFs), calculated as the ratio between the uptake (k1) and elimination (k2) rate constants were not significantly different among treatments. When BCFs were calculated on the basis of dissolved fluoranthene concentrations (BCFdiss), values of the treatments where worms were exposed with 100 and 300 amphipods were slightly higher than those calculated on the basis of total (dissolved + particle‐bound) aqueous fluoranthene (BCFtot). However, the presence of fluoranthene bound to dissolved organic matter could have accounted for lower than expected BCFdiss values. The results suggest that bioturbation by amphipods affected the concentration of fluoranthene in the worms not by changing the worm to water partitioning (k1/k2) but by changing the worm to sediment partitioning (BAFloc). In the treatments with worms a higher mortality of amphipods was found compared to those without worms. The presence of worms might have contributed to lower BCF values than expected.
Effect of Growth Restriction on Reproductive Performance of Turkeys

Abstract INTRODUCTION CONSIDERABLE evidence supports the view that the longevity of animals is increased by limiting feed intake during growth to an amount less than necessary for normal growth (Comfort, 1960). In rats, restricted intake led to decreased body size and fat deposition and increased health and fertility (Berg, 1960). Restriction was also found to increase life span and delay the onset of disease (Berg and Simms, 1960). The restriction in this case was to 54% of the control rats fed ad libitum. Ross (1961) fed rats a low protein high carbohydrate diet ad libitum. This resulted in a decreased total intake and an increased life span. However, he also found that restricting intake of protein, carbohydrate and total calories led to the greatest beneficial effects in life. A brief review of the literature by Gowe et al. (1960) cites the beneficial effects of feed restriction on reproduction and longevity for .
Effect of phytase on ileal amino acid digestibility, nitrogen retention and AMEN for broilers fed diets containing low and high phytate phosphorus.

A 42 d broiler experiment was conducted to determine the effect of added Escherichia coli phytase (Phyzyme-XP 5000G) to low and high phytate P (PP) diets on performance and nutrient digestibility. The experiment consisted of 12 treatments with 2 levels of PP: 0.24% low-phytate (LP) group and 0.32% highphytate (HP) group. Both LP and HP groups had respective positive controls (PCS) with 0.39% in the starter and 0.29% NPP in the grower, respectively, and 5 basal diets with graded levels (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 FTU’s/kg diet) of added phytase. The PP level in the HP diets was increased by substituting part of the corn and soybean meal with canola and rice bran. Ileal GE digestibility and GE retention were significantly higher in the PCLP group compared to the PC-HP fed group. Ileal GE digestibility at d 42 was lower in the HP groups and increased with the addition of phytase. A PP x phytase interaction was detected for ileal GE retention at d 21, due to a significant phytase response in the LP groups, but no response in the HP groups. In contrast, at d 42 a significant PP x phytase interaction was detected for ileal GE retention due to a significant response to phytase addition in the HP groups, but not in the LP groups. The % ileal digestibility of threonine, tryptophan, and serine were affected by PP levels and phytase, with a significant interaction of PP and phytase for 21 d broilers, and cystine for 42 d broilers. In general, interactions of phytase and PP for ileal digestibility of specific amino acids were due to a lack of positive response to phytase when added to the HP diet for 21 d broilers, compared to improvements in ileal digestibility of all amino acids (P=0.1284) in either the HP or LP fed broilers at d 42. The slight improvement of ileal digestible amino acids seemed to correlate with a 6.2 percentage point improvement in ileal N digestibility for 42 d broilers fed either the LP or HP diets. Broilers fed the LP PC diet had a higher % ileal nitrogen and energy digestion than broilers fed the HP PC diet at 21 d but there was no difference in 42 d broilers fed different PP levels. In summary adding phytase to broiler diets improved energy utilization by 2.1-4.9% for both LP and HP fed broilers and an improved ileal total AA (TAA) digestibility by 1.9-6.1% for LP fed broilers.
Rye as a Feed for Poultry

Abstract THERE is a considerable area of sandy soil in Wisconsin and several sections in other states where rye can be grown to advantage. In those sections where rye is produced extensively, soil conditions are usually favorable for poultry production. Rye has never been favorably known as a poultry feed. Whenever the price of rye is low it would be desirable, in those sections where rye is the main grain crop, to feed a part of the crop to the poultry flocks. Many farmers report that rye is not palatable. Experience shows that if rye is finely ground it has a tendency to be “sticky. ” Halpin and Holmes (1932) in an attempt to learn ways of incorporating rye in the chick ration report that the droppings of the rye-fed chicks contained a pasty material which clung to the toes of the chicks. Large round balls adhered to each toe. The average .
Determinantes da degradabilidade entre clones de cana-de-açúcar no rúmen de bovinos.

iv 1 INTRODUÇÃO. 1 2 REFERENCIAL TEÓRICO . 4 2.1 A tecnologia brasileira em cana-de-açúcar . 4 2.2 A cana-de-açúcar como alimento para bovinos . 6 2.3 Características agronômicas da cana-de-açúcar. 11 2.4 Características químicas da cana-de-açúcar. 14 2.5 Digestibilidade da cana-de-açúcar em bovinos.21 2.6 Seleção de forrageiras visando ganho genético em produção e digestibilidade.25 3 MATERIAL E MÉTODOS . 28 4 RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO. 39 6 CONCLUSÕES. 57 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS. 58 ANEXOS.69
EFFECTS OF HIGH RATES OF NITROGEN ON NEEPAWA WHEAT GROWN UNDER IRRIGATION. III. PROTEIN QUALITY FOR BREADMAKING AS REFLECTED BY VARIOUS TESTS

Eleven samples of hard red spring wheat Triticum aestivum L. em Thell cv. Neepawa, selected from a fertilizer–irrigation study and ranging in protein content from 9.3 to 16.4%, were subjected to various breadmaking quality tests, protein solubility fractionation, amino acid composition analysis and gliadin electrophoresis analysis. Loaf volumes showed a decrease in breadmaking quality with increasing protein for samples at the top of the protein content range. Conversely, the Pelshenke and Zeleny Sedimentation values showed a reverse trend in the same region of protein content. Most of the decreasing rate of change in the loaf volume with protein content at the top of the protein range can be explained by the gradual change in solubility of the glutenin. The gradual decrease in the amount of damaged starch can make a small contribution to the observed loss of quality. Minor quantitative differences (slightly stronger stain intensity for a few bands) were observed in the gliadin electrophoregrams of sample.
Phylogenetic relationships of Dipsacales based on rbcl sequences

Nucleotide sequences of the chloroplast gene rbcL were obtained from Lonicera, Sambucus, Adoxa, and Cornus. Phylogenetic analyses of these sequences, along with previously sequenced Dipsacales and placeholders for other Asteridae and Rosidae, lead to the following conclusions: (1) the genera of Caprifoliaceae (in any traditional sense) do not form a monophyletic group; (2) Symphoricarpos and Lonicera (representing Caprifoliaceae sens. str.) are related and are united with Valerianaceae and Dipsacaceae; and (3) Adoxa and Sambucus are directly linked and are possibly related to Viburnum
Immunohistochemical localization of several neuropeptides in the adrenal gland of five species belonging to the order of Squamata

Abstract Recent studies have shown that several peptides coexist together with catecholamines within chromaffin cells. It has been demonstrated that the same chromaffln cell contains two or more bioactive substances forming several cellular subpopolations. These peptides play an important physiological role within the adrenal gland. Since very few data were available about the localization of peptides in reptiles, the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of different neuropeptides within the adrenal gland of species belonging to different families of this class of vertebrates. In particular, the immunohistochemical distribution of Leu‐enkephalin (Leu‐ENK), neuropeptide Y (NPY), somatostatin (SOM), substance P (SP), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was studied in several species belonging to the order of Squamata. The results obtained showed that some of these peptides, e.g. SP, NPY, and VIP were widely distributed in most chromaffin cells, whereas Leu‐ENK was present only in a small number. Considering the distribution of all neuropeptides, there were no fundamental differences among different species, except for the peculiar localization of SOM in the Tarentola mauritanica adrenal gland. The results obtained represent a morphological basis for further studies about the role played by these peptides in the control of reptilian adrenal gland functionality.
Genome fluidity. The case of plants

La publicacio de la sequencia completa de grans genomes esta esdevenint una rutina. L'analisi d'aquestes dades proporciona una visio general de les estructures dels genomes, la qual cosa ens ajuda a entendre com estan formats els genomes. Obviament un genoma no es un polimer completament a l'atzar, pero tampoc ens apareix com una estructura rigida i optimitzada. Els genomes de les plantes semblen especialment fluids i, per tant, hi ha diferencies importants en la longuitud i l'organitzacio, fins i tot entre especies molt properes. En aquest article analitzarem alguns aspectes de l'estructura dels genomes de plantes i discutim macanismes que contribueixen a generar variabilidad en els genomes, en particular, la funcio dels elements mobils que son components abundants i actius en els genomes de les plantes.
The Interrelationships of Winter Wheat Cultivars, Crop Density and Competition of Naturally Occurring Weed Flora

ABSTRACT The effects of intraspecific and interspecific competition on a wide range of winter wheat cultivars were investigated in two consecutive split plot field experiments. Significant reductions of grain yield at greatly reduced seed rates were observed in the first experiment, whereas increasing crop density up to 380 plants m−2 in the second experiment failed to produce a significant yield response due to compensation through increased ears and grains per plant at lower crop densities. Appreciable weed suppression and acceptable grain yield can be achieved at crop densities between 150 and 270 plants m−2. Reductions in final yield due to weed competition occurred in both experiments; 11.7 and 13.6% for the first and second experiment, respectively, with the onset of weed competition occurring from tillering in the first experiment and from stem elongation in the second. The possibility of enhancing crop competitiveness for weed suppression and improved grain yield is discussed.
Suppression of major and minor pathogens by fluorescent pseudomonads in solarized and nonsolarized soils

Strains of fluorescent pseudomonads increased the growth of tomato plants in nonsolarized soil but not in solarized soil. Vital staining showed that fluorescent pseudomonads colonize the root cortex and, apparently, internally colonize the younger lateral roots of artificially inoculated plants growing in nonsolarized soil. The minor pathogen Penicillium pinophilum caused growth retardation of tomato and cotton plants. It colonized tomato roots in nonsolarized, methyl bromide-fumigated, and solarized soils (to a much lesser extent). Inoculation of tomato roots with fluorescent pseudomonads or transplanting tomato roots to solarized soil suppressed colonization by Penicillium pinophilum and nullified plant-growth retardation []
Beyond the regeneration phase: differentiation of height–light trajectories among tropical tree species

1 A height–light trajectory (HLT, a fitted curve relating canopy exposure to tree height) was determined for populations of individuals of each of 47 tree species in a Liberian lowland rainforest. The HLTs were compared and related to tree allometry and adult stature. Crown exposure was measured for 7460 trees and related to tree height using a multinomial regression analysis. Individual trees were followed for 2.8–9.8 years. 2 The trajectories of the 47 species were compared with the average vertical light profile in the forest canopy. Evidence was found for the existence of all nine trajectories hypothesized on the basis of three possible light environments (high, intermediate and low) for juveniles and adults. The classical paradigm of pioneer vs. shade tolerant, based on seed and seedling responses, does not therefore apply to post‐seedling stages. 3 The majority of the species followed the vertical light profile in the forest canopy, starting in low light environments in the juvenile stage and ending up in high light environments in the adult stage. Only two species complied with the classic notion of whole‐life shade tolerants and whole‐life shade intolerants (one each). 4 The predictable vertical light gradient in the forest canopy has led to a close association between adult height, light trajectories and allometric traits. Large‐stature species tend to have relatively slender stems and narrow crowns, and therefore realize a faster temporal and height‐related increase in crown exposure. 5 Tree species have different height–light trajectories when they grow from seedling to adulthood. This may have profound repercussions for our current views on plasticity and adaptation, light partitioning and species coexistence, and on silviculture and management.
Photoperiodism in Relation to Hormones as Factors in Floral Initiation and Development

1. A description is given of a simple method whereby one portion of a plant may be subjected to one photoperiod while another portion of the same plant is being subjected to another photoperiod. 2. Floral initiation in Xanthium pennsylvanicum results if plants are subjected to photoperiods shorter than 15 hours with accompanying dark periods of longer than 8 hours. If Xanthium plants are subjected continuously to photoperiods longer than 16 hours with accompanying dark periods shorter than 8 hours they remain strictly vegetative. 3. The initial effect of the photoperiodic stimulus is perceived by the leaves which are subjected to short photoperiod. However, this stimulus, resulting in floral initiation, may be transported from these leaves to other portions of the same plant which are maintained under conditions of long photoperiod and may also move across a diffusion contact from a plant subjected to short photoperiod to a plant subjected to long photoperiod. The stimulus to floral initiation may therefore be attributed to a substance or substances manufactured in leaves subjected to short photoperiod. 4. The response of Xanthium to photoperiod is primarily a response to length of dark period rather than to duration of photoperiod. Thus reactions resulting in the formation of floral initiation substances may take place during the dark period. These reactions are adversely affected by light and by low temperature. 5. Fully expanded leaves on receptor branches subjected to long photoperiod may exert some influence inhibitory to floral initiation; under similar circumstances young expanding leaves exert a promotive effect on floral initiation and flower development. 6. In Xanthium the development of mature flowers and fruits from floral primordia is also promoted by a substance or substances formed in portions of the plant which are exposed to short photoperiod and which may move across a diffusion contact. Whether or not this substance or substances is identical with the floral initiation substance has not as yet been determined. 7. A portion of a plant maintained under long photoperiod may be influenced by a portion of the same plant subjected to short photoperiods in such a way that it may behave as though it has been photoperiodically induced by direct exposure to short photoperiod. Flowers and fruits continue to develop on such portions of a branch which has never itself been subjected to short photoperiods. 8. Evidence is presented that the floral initiation substance is not identical with any of the following known plant growth factors: vitamins B1, B2, and B6, ascorbic acid, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, theelin, theelol, inositol, or indoleacetic acid.
Nitrogen content of manure from older broiler breeders fed varying quantities of crude protein

Abstract Two experiments attempted to evaluate the nitrogen balance of older broiler breeder hens fed different levels of dietary protein while maintaining adequate levels of limiting amino acids. The study also evaluated the relationship between the intake, retention, and output of nitrogen as well as the uric acid output of the birds. In Experiment 1 (14 to20% CP diets), nitrogen and uric acid excretion increase linearly (P