Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The allocation of time spent in different stages of problem solving: problem finding and the development of engineering expertise

Context: Four major steps of problem solving include understanding the problem, planning the solution/s, implementation and evaluation. Despite a significant body of research on engineering problem solving, it is unclear how the problem solving steps occur in practice and whether there are any differences in the approaches of engineers with varying industry experience. Purpose: The research questions investigated were: a) Based on the first 3 stages of problem solving process: i) Understanding the problem, ii) Planning, and iii) Implementation, what proportion of time is devoted by engineering practitioners to each step? and b) Does the time devoted to the different stages of problem solving change over the years in profession? Approach: A survey method was undertaken and 215 engineers with varied industry experiences as well as fields were involved in the study. The responses were then categorised based on different levels of industry experience from novice to experts. The data were analysed statistically with SPSS software. Results: It was found that differences exist between the responses of the different groups of engineers. It was observed that there is a link between industry experience and the time spent at different stages of problem solving, especially in Stage 1 (Understanding the problem). Conclusions: A number of key findings are presented in this study. It was found that industry exposure is crucial for the acquisition of skills that are important for proper problem understanding. The study also provides the evidence that around 10 years of industry experience really formed engineering expertise. These findings have implication to the future development of educational strategies, including in the choices of the type of heuristics that may assist young engineers in developing their problem analysis skills more effectively.
Object-oriented programming-the problems of validation

The authors consider software validation, a process common to both maintenance and development, in the context of systems written in an object-oriented language. The problems in using current testing techniques for object-oriented systems are shown. The question of whether the language features present in object-oriented programming languages enhance or inhibit the testing process is raised. Also considered is whether any new techniques designed for object-oriented programming could be used to ease the testing process, which in turn would help both developers and maintainers produce more reliable code. <<ETX>>
Sample-based Probabilistic Estimation for Indoor Positioning and Tracking Under Ranging Uncertainty

The critical problem in range-based indoor positioning is the severe ranging uncertainty, which typically resorts to the probabilistic perspective. Since there is no analytical solution to the nonlinear and non-Gaussian positioning problem, the research trends have moved towards exploring samplebased approximations in the probabilistic frame. However, the sample-based methods are generally inaccessible for application not only because of the high complexity, but also for the sampling difficulty and divergence. This thesis studies the sample-based probabilistic positioning to achieve the tradeoff in performance (accuracy and robustness), cost (time and space complexity), and usability (in terms of the required number of samples and implementation difficulty). The work of this thesis covers both the theoretical and practical sides of sample-based probabilistic algorithms positioning. The proposed algorithms are tested by extensive simulations and real-world experiments on the Nanotron platform. Specifically, the contributions of this thesis can be summarized in the following: • Chapter 3.3 characterizes the indoor TOF ranging, i.e., the relationship of the ranging error to time, space, anchor connectivity and the ground truth of the ranging, etc. Then, intensive distribution fitting, hypothesis test, and model verification of different parametric models are carried out. • Via the imposition of the state constraints from the most recent observation, four constrained sampling methods are developed (see Chapter 4), with the advantages including: 1) effectively reduce the sample size; 2) suppress sample degeneracy and impoverishment without resampling; 3) no requirement of keeping all samples’ properties in memory. • The NLOS mitigation proposed in Chapter 4 refines the measurement model as a positively biased and right-tail distribution. • Both the theoretical and practical anchor deployment are suggested in Chapter 4. • To address the estimation instability and sparsity problems, the one time-step smoothing methods are incorporated in the sample-based Bayesian estimation.
Backward / Forward Sweep Load Flow Algorithm for Radial Distribution System

This paper presents Backward / Forward (BW/FW) Sweep algorithm for load flow analysis of radial distribution network. In backward sweep, Kirchhoff's Current Law and Kirchhoff's Voltage Law are used to compute the bus voltage from farthest node. In forward sweep, downstream bus voltage is updated starting from source node. The procedure stops after the mismatch of the calculated and the specified voltages at the substation is less than a convergence tolerance. Line losses are calculated afterwards using updated bus voltage. Using this method, load flow solution for a distribution network can be obtained without solving any set of simultaneous equations. The proposed algorithm is tested with 15 bus and IEEE 33 bus radial distribution system. Test results are obtained by programming using MATLAB.
Conjunction errors as a tool for the study of perceptual processing

Illusory conjunction studies emerged within the context of Treisman's feature integration theory of attention. Later on, conjunction-like errors were also systematically examined in the domains of both written word recognition and speech processing. While the relation between these different kinds of integration errors to both Treisman's original account of visual, non-linguistic illusory conjunctions, and integration errors in speech production remains uncertain, it is argued that conjunction error studies may provide a useful tool in exploring the nature of early processing codes.
Schussverletzungen – Diagnostik und Therapie in der Präklinik

Zusammenfassung In der Notfallmedizin tätige Ärzte in Deutschland haben, verglichen mit den USA, nur relativ geringe Erfahrungen mit Schussverletzungen. Dieser Beitrag vermittelt Basiswissen über die verschiedenen Schusswaffen und die damit hervorgerufenen unterschiedlichen Verletzungen, um bereits präklinisch eine gezielte Diagnostik und erste therapeutische Schritte einleiten zu können.
A Factor VIII Concentrate, Highly Purified and Heated in Solution

A Factor VIII Concentrate, Highly Purified and Heated in Solution N. Heimburger H. Schwinn P. Gratz G. Kumpe B. Herchenhan N.Heimburger, Albert-Demnitz-Weg 3, D-3550 Marburg-Marbach (FRG) A method to produce a highly purified factor VIII concentrate, heated in solution, is described: Pooled cryoprecipitate from citrate plasma is adsorbed on aluminium hydroxide. The fibrinogen is removed by heat denaturation in the presence of glycine, and the factor VIII remaining in the supernatant is precipitated with sodium chloride. This precipitate is dissolved in a sucroseglycine solution which is heated for 10 h at a temperature of 60 °C. The factor VIII is then separated by re-precipitation with sodium chloride. Subsequently, it is dissolved, dia-lyzed, and filtered under sterile conditions through membrane filters. The factor VIII concentrate contains 3.5 units of factor VIII: C/mg protein. The ratio factor VIII R:Ag _í factor VIII: C ~ ¿’ The product is free from coagulable protein and protein globulins. The yield of factor VIII is about 8% of the initial plasma. The reduction in infectiousness obtained by heating was assessed in a study on chimpanzees; in these experiments, hepatitis B virus was added to the cryoprecipitate pool.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS INFLUENCING THE UTILIZATION OF MATERNAL HEALTH CARE SERVICES IN AMUWO-ODOFIN LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA

The use of maternal healthcare services reduces maternal mortality, which is unimaginably high in Nigeria. Therefore, this study investigates the socio-economic factors influencing the utilization of maternal healthcare services in Amuwo-Odofin Local Government Area of Lagos state, Nigeria. Each of the socioeconomic factors of women and their spouses which include: income, occupation, education and culture were examined. Primary data was gathered through administration of questionnaires in the study. A total sample size of 230 respondents was selected. The univariate, bivariate, chi-square test and Analyses of variance (ANOVA) were employed in order to identify the influence of socio-economic variables on the use of maternal health care services in the study. Findings from Chi-square analyses depict that respondents’ income (p=0.000), culture (p=0.000) and educational status (p=0.000) have significant influences on the use of maternal healthcare services in the study. Further results from one-way ANOVA reveal that respondents’ occupational status (p=0.011) has significant influence on the use of maternal healthcare services in the study. Therefore, this study recommends that the government should channel more of her resources and attention to ensuring a more sustainable growth of women’s socio-economic status in Nigerian society. Keyword: Maternal healthcare services, utilization, socio-economic factors
Impact of Baseline Lung Function on Future Exacerbations in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Asthma

Introduction Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by reversible and variable expiratory airflow obstruction. It is well known that abnormalities of airway structure and hyperresponsiveness contribute to impaired lung function. Airway remodeling and hyperinflation are also associated with accelerated decline in lung function. In addition, severe asthma exacerbations are correlated with a rapid decline in lung function and reduction in airway reversibility, leading to the progression of irreversible airflow limitation over time. Although reduced lung function is associated with worsened outcomes and increased mortality risk, limited real-world evidence exists on the effect of forced expiratory volume in 1 second percent predicted (FEV1pp) on exacerbations in patients with moderate-to-severe asthma. In this retrospective database study, we aimed to determine the baseline distribution of FEV1pp in patients with moderate-to-severe asthma and the association between baseline FEV1pp and risk of severe asthma exacerbations in a large UK dataset.
SOBRE A ICONICIDADE DA FORMA DE MÃO Y

RESUMO Como parte de um projeto de pesquisa de dois anos, o estudo examina a iconicidade diagramática da forma de mão Y de duas línguas de sinais não-cognatas; a língua de sinais americana e a língua de sinais grega. Em uma amostra de sessenta e quatro sinais, e através de uma metodologia de leitura próxima, o estudo demonstra a associação da forma de mão específica com referentes do mundo real que têm simultaneamente forma redonda e angular (por exemplo, cilíndrica, cônica), ou apenas forma angular/linear. Também apoia a sua associação histórica com o antigo signo mano cornuta, abordando sua metonímia em significados relativos à quantidade, terra, vida, perda, luz e cavidade.
Application of the Karhunen-Loeve transform to 4D reconstruction of cardiac gated SPECT images

Reconstruction of gated SPECT images is intrinsically a four-dimensional problem. Gated SPECT studies are normally reconstructed frame by frame; thus, the time frames are treated independently. This approach fails to exploit the strong signal correlations among the time frames which are critical for noise reduction and resolution recovery. We investigated two reconstruction approaches, developed for dynamic PET by Wernick et al. [997] which utilize the compression and decorrelation properties of the Karhunen-Loeve (KL) transform. In Method I, we temporally filter the data by using only the first few KL components, then perform frame-by-frame reconstruction. In Method II, we KL transform the projection data, reconstruct only the significant KL component images, then perform an inverse KL transformation to obtain the full 4D image sequence. Results indicate that Methods I and II provide better noise performance than ordinary frame-by-frame reconstruction. Additionally, Method II requires substantially fewer computations than conventional reconstruction methods.
Discourse Markers and Modal Particles. Categorization and description.

Discourse markers and modal particles are fuzzy linguistic categories that are difficult to describe. The contributions in this volume go beyond this statement. They discuss the intersection between modal particles and discourse markers and examine whether or not it is possible to draw a line between these two types of linguistic expressions. On the basis of new synchronic and diachronic data, from speech and writing, from European and Asian languages or cross-linguistically, the authors answer the question whether discourse markers and modal particles are distinct categories, whether they form a cline, or whether modal particles are a subcategory of discourse markers. This common question shows up throughout all chapters, which makes the book to a coherent whole. By disentangling the complexity of categorizing multifunctional expressions, this book also sheds new light on the processes of meaning extension. The traditional discourse and modal functions are complemented by interactional and textual ones. A must read for functional linguists
REPORT OF A WORKSHOP FOR CLINICAL RESEARCH: Care of human immunodeficiency virus-infected children in developing countries

Context. There is urgent need to strengthen the area of pediatric HIV/AIDS care in developing countries. Clinical research in this area is also scarce. Methodology. A literature review and a postal survey were used to obtain updated information on mortality, morbidity and current standards of care of children born to HIV-infected mothers in developing countries. A 2- day workshop was organized to review the available data and to identify the key areas where clinical research should be conducted. Main findings. Rates of mortality and morbidity were very different from one study to another but generally higher than in industrialized countries. Prognostic studies for HIV-1-infected children in developing countries were not available. Based on the report of 14 teams from 11 countries, specific protocols for HIV-infected children with persistent diarrhea or severe malnutrition were documented in fewer than one-half of the cases. Secondary antimicrobial prophylaxis after interstitial pneumonia or recurrent infections was still infrequent, as primary prophylaxis of opportunistic infections. The following list of clinical research priorities was identified by the workshop participants: primary prophylaxis of opportunistic and bacterial infections; case management of persistent diarrhea; reassessment of the performance of p24 antigen for diagnostic and prognosis use; studies on the etiology of pulmonary infections; long term observational pediatric cohorts; current weaning practices and duration of breast-feeding; counseling and HIV testing of children and families; prevention of HIV sexual transmission in children and adolescents.
Impact of document consolidation on healthcare providers’ perceived workload and information reconciliation tasks: a mixed methods study

Background Information reconciliation is a common yet complex and often time-consuming task performed by healthcare providers. While electronic health record systems can receive "outside information" about a patient in electronic documents, rarely does the computer automate reconciling information about a patient across all documents. Materials and Methods Using a mixed methods design, we evaluated an information system designed to reconcile information across multiple electronic documents containing health records for a patient received from a health information exchange (HIE) network. Nine healthcare providers participated in scenario-based sessions in which they manually consolidated information across multiple documents. Accuracy of consolidation was measured along with the time spent completing 3 different reconciliation scenarios with and without support from the information system. Participants also attended an interview about their experience. Perceived workload was evaluated quantitatively using the NASA-TLX tool. Qualitative analysis focused on providers' impression of the system and the challenges faced when reconciling information in practice. Results While 5 providers made mistakes when trying to manually reconcile information across multiple documents, no participants made a mistake when the system supported their work. Overall perceived workload decreased significantly for scenarios supported by the system (37.2% in referrals, 18.4% in medications, and 31.5% in problems scenarios, P < 0.001). Information reconciliation time was reduced significantly when the system supported provider tasks (58.8% in referrals, 38.1% in medications, and 65.1% in problem scenarios). Conclusion Automating retrieval and reconciliation of information across multiple electronic documents shows promise for reducing healthcare providers' task complexity and workload.
A design technique for a high-gain, 10-GHz class-bandwidth GaAs MESFET amplifier IC module

A design procedure is proposed for a high-gain and wideband IC module, using stability analysis and a unified design methodology for ICs and packages. A multichip structure is developed using stability analysis and the requirements for stable operation are determined for each IC chip, package, and interface condition between them. Furthermore, to reduce the parasitic influences, several improvements in the interface and package design are clarified, such as wideband matching and LC resonance damping. IC design using effective feedback techniques for enlarging the bandwidth are also presented. The ICs are fabricated using 0.2- mu m GaAs MESFET IC technology. To verify the validity of these techniques, an equalizer IC module for 10-Gb/s optical communication systems was fabricated, achieving a gain of 36 dB and a bandwidth of 9 GHz. >
Música y publicidad. Una aproximación metodológica al análisis músico-audiovisual de anuncios televisivos / Music and publicity. A methodological approach to music-audiovisual analysis of television spots

Nowadays music forms a part of the human and social dimension, sometimes without being aware of it. In this regard, publicity, especially around the media, is one of the areas in which music presents a great visibility, versatility and semantic relevance. Attending to this fact, in this paper we make an approach to the presence of the music in publicity, from its origin to the establishment of a methodology for analyzing the music in relation to other elements with which it coexists in TV spots.
Downlink Signal-to-Interference Ratio and Spectral Efficiency of MIMO Cellular Networks Using Truncated Lognormal Approximation

This work focuses on analytical performance evaluation of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multicellular radio access network, while taking into account distance-dependent path loss, lognormal-distributed shadowing, and Rayleigh-distributed multipath fading. We propose a truncated moment-matching method for approximating the distribution of the sum of independent lognormal random variables in order to model the statistical behavior of the downlink signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) experienced by user equipment at a particular location in the presence of cochannel interference. The proposed method offers a good match with the simulated results in terms of the downlink SIR as well as mean and outage spectral efficiency for various MIMO schemes such as transmit and receive diversity, closed- and open-loop spatial diversity, and closed-loop multiuser MIMO. We compare the semianalytical results with that obtained from Monte Carlo simulations and quantify the relative error in terms of statistical metrics such as Kullback–Leibler divergence and Kolmogorov–Smirnov distance. In contrast to the existing works, the proposed model is useful for a wide range of shadowing standard deviation (4–12 dB) and activity of neighboring base stations (0.4–1). Moreover, the presented method is shown to achieve a comparable accuracy with the state of the art in spite of being less time consuming.
Musicking: The Meanings of Performing and Listening

Extending the inquiry of his early groundbreaking books, Christopher Small strikes at the heart of traditional studies of Western music by asserting that music is not a thing, but rather an activity. This new work outlines a theory of what Small terms "musicking, " a verb that encompasses all musical activity from composing to performing to listening to a Walkman to singing in the shower. Using Gregory Bateson's philosophy of mind and a Geertzian thick description of a typical concert in a typical symphony hall, Small demonstrates how musicking forms a ritual through which all the participants explore and celebrate the relationships that constitute their social identity. This trip through the concert hall will have readers rethinking every aspect of their musical worlds.
Virtual Machine Detection Method Based on Monitor Time-overhead

Aming at the shortcomings that conventional detection methods can only be practicable for a special Virtual Machine(VM), this paper presents, a VM detection method based on time-overhead of Virtual Machine Monitor(VMM). Executions of some special instructions produce remarkable additional Virtual Machine Monitor-overhead. It produces different time-overheads while VMM executes different instruction sequences. By making use of the relative time-overhead, the method implements VM detection. Experimental results show that OVD can detect three kinds of popular VMs accurately.
Instruction Scheduling Using Simulated Annealing

Most nodes of modern massively-parallel computing systems contain processors that use instruction-level parallelism to increase the speed of the individual processor. In order to achieve the greatest speedup possible, the compiler must perform instruction scheduling so that instructions are presented to the processor in the order that is most efficient. Instruction scheduling is a compiler problem that, due to its NP-complete nature, requires heuristic solutions for any significant programs. One promising stochastic search technique that shows promise in the realm of instruction scheduling is the use of simulated annealing (SA.) Simulated annealing can be thought of as modified hill-climbing that includes “occasional perturbations” in the search space under investigation to avoid the problem of getting stuck in a local minimum or maximum. The process gets its name from the fact that it closely follows the physical process of annealing which is gradual cooling of a liquid until it solidifies. We implemented an SA-driven instruction scheduler in our compiler for instruction-level parallel (ILP) architectures. This allows us to compare our SA instruction scheduler with a more traditional list scheduling approach. Experimental comparison of 114 data dependence graphs efficiency improvement of more than 6% when using an SAdriven scheduler over results obtainable with the standard list scheduling technique.