Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conception des systèmes multi-agents: pistes de réflexion en vue de futures coopérations entre ergonomes et informaticiens

Issued from Distributed Artificial Intelligence, agents and multi-agent systems are more and more present in systems in interaction with users. Consequently, their using may necessitate the adaptation or definition of analysis, design and evaluation methods, dedicated to new agent-based systems. Ways of study are proposed from several new application fields, with a view of future cooperations between ergonomists and computer scientists.
Topographic customized photorefractive keratectomy for regular and irregular astigmatism after penetrating keratoplasty using the LIGI CIPTA/LaserSight platform.

PURPOSE To evaluate the use of a software ablation program (Corneal Interactive Programmed Topographic Ablation [CIPTA]) that provides customized photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) to correct astigmatism after keratoplasty. METHODS In this prospective, noncomparative, consecutive case series, 44 eyes underwent CIPTA for correction of astigmatism after penetrating keratoplasty. Eighteen eyes were treated for regular astigmatism and 26 eyes were treated for irregular astigmatism after penetrating keratoplasty. Orbscan II topography (Bausch & Lomb) and a flying-spot laser (LaserScan 2000; LaserSight) were used. Epithelial debridement with alcohol was performed before PRK in 16 eyes and transepithelial PRK was performed in 28 eyes. Mean target-induced astigmatism was 8.19 +/- 2.68 diopters (D) and 7.68 +/- 4.50 D in the regular and irregular astigmatism groups, respectively. RESULTS Mean follow-up was 25.4 +/- 13 months. At last postoperative follow-up, 13 (72.2%) and 18 (69.2%) eyes in the regular and irregular astigmatism groups, respectively, had uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) better than 20/40. Four (22.2%) and 8 (30.7%) eyes in the regular and irregular astigmatism groups, respectively, had UCVA of 20/20. Fourteen (77.7%) and 18 (69.2%) eyes in the regular and irregular astigmatism groups, respectively, were within 1.00 D of attempted correction in spherical equivalent manifest refraction. No eye lost Snellen lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity. Mean surgically induced astigmatism was 7.66 +/- 2.70 D and 6.99 +/- 3.80 D for the regular and irregular astigmatism groups, respectively. Index of success of astigmatic correction was 0.138 and 0.137 for the regular and irregular astigmatism groups, respectively. Haze developed in three eyes. CONCLUSIONS Topography-driven PRK using CIPTA software is a suitable solution for correcting regular and irregular astigmatism after penetrating keratoplasty.
Disruptive Process Innovation in Semiconductor Industry

Firms concentrate more in capturing market by performing product innovations as their key strength. However the key to increase the market share is in their strategy: apart from enhancing the product performance they should concurrently focus in the process innovation, which involves in both technological and business processes. Earlier researches have shown disruptive innovation as a distinct difference from the continuous and radical innovation in product development. However in this study it is shown that it can be extended to process type innovation of high tech industries. For every product there is a close relationship between the product development and its manufacturing process, hence knowledge transfer and technology diffusion between the two teams is crucial to explore and exploit each other's strength. Secondly, to enable process innovation, emphasis should be made to introduce the concept of modularity and flexibility in a product's manufacturing process. Accordingly, this paper introduces a framework for concurrent product and process development that will help a firm to achieve a highest level in its competitive strategy.
Myotatic Reflex: Its Input-Output Relation

The dynamic properties of the myotatic reflex and of its components were determined by a systems-analysis approach. The gain and phase relations between an applied stretch, whiclh initiates the reflex, and the output of the primary mulscle spindles, which impinge upon α-motoneurons, are not further changed by the properties of the motoneurons. The dynamic relation between motoneuron activity and the resultant muscle tension balances these changes in gain and phase; the result is a flat gain and nearly zero phase difference between stretch and tension produced by the myotatic reflex. Moreover, the distribution of activity in multiple channels extends the range in which the overall reflex is linear.
Effect of Different Tillage Methods on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Soil

Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of different tillage methods on some physical and mechanical properties of soil, i.e. moisture content (MC), bulk density (BD) and penetration resistance (PR). Tillage treatments in the study were moldboard plow followed by two passes of disk harrow (MDD) as conventional tillage, two passes of disk harrow (DD) as reduced tillage, one pass of disk harrow (D) as minimum tillage and no-tillage (NT). The statistical results of the study indicated that tillage method significantly (P = 0.05) affected physical and mechanical properties of soil. The highest MC (20.6%) and the lowest BD (1.34 g cm ) and PR (487 kPa) was observed in case of MDD treatment; while the lowest MC (17.6%) 3 and the highest BD (1.44 g cm ) and PR (1087 kPa) was noted in case of NT treatment. Therefore, conventional 3 tillage method was found to be more appropriate and profitable tillage method in enhancing selected physical and mechanical properties of soil in the arid lands of Iran.
Flavonoids protect human retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidative-stress-induced death.

PURPOSE To determine whether specific dietary and synthetic flavonoids can protect human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells from oxidative-stress-induced death. METHODS The efficacy and potency were determined of a variety of dietary and synthetic flavonoids on the survival of human ARPE-19 cells and primary human RPE cells treated with either hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or t-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH). We determined the effective concentrations (EC50s) and the toxicities (LD50s) of the flavonoids after 24 hours, by using the MTT assay. The efficacy of vitamins E and C on RPE cell survival were compared under identical conditions. The ability of specific flavonoids to protect RPE cells from cell death was determined at various time intervals after the cells were exposed to oxidative stress. The ability of flavonoids to block the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species was examined with dichlorofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence. Finally, the ability of flavonoids to induce phase-2 detoxifying enzymes was tested by immunoblot analysis for the transcription factor Nrf2 and the phase-2 gene product heme-oxygenase 1. RESULTS Specific flavonoids protected human RPE cells from oxidative-stress-induced death with efficacies between 80% and 100% and potencies in the high-nanomolar and low-micromolar range. The toxicities of most of the effective flavonoids were low. The effective flavonoids included the dietary flavonoids fisetin, luteolin, quercetin, eriodictyol, baicalein, galangin and EGCG, and the synthetic flavonoids, 3,6-dihydroxy flavonol and 3,7 dihydroxy flavonol. Several flavonoids can protect RPE cells even when they are added after the cells have been exposed to oxidative stress. The flavonoids acted through an intracellular route to block the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Many of these flavonoids induced the expression of Nrf2 and the phase-2 gene product heme-oxygenase 1 in human RPE cells. CONCLUSIONS The results identify a select group of flavonoids that protect RPE cells from oxidative-stress-induced death with a high degree of potency and low toxicity. Many of these flavonoids also induce the expression of phase-2 detoxification proteins which could function to provide additional protection against oxidative stress. This select group of flavonoids and the foods that contain high levels of these compounds may have some clinical benefit for patients with retinal diseases associated with oxidative stress.
Tumor and Stem Cell Biology Histone Methyltransferase EZH 2 Induces Akt-Dependent Genomic Instability and BRCA 1 Inhibition in Breast Cancer

Increased levels of EZH2, a critical regulator of cellular memory, signal the presence of metastasis and poor outcome in breast cancer patients. High levels of EZH2 are associated with nuclear pleomorphism, lack of estrogen receptor expression, and decreased nuclear levels of BRCA1 tumor suppressor protein in invasive breast carcinomas. The mechanism by which EZH2 overexpression promotes the growth of poorly differentiated invasive carcinomas remains to be defined. Here, we show that EZH2 controls the intracellular localization of BRCA1 protein. Conditional doxycycline-induced upregulation of EZH2 in benign mammary epithelial cells results in nuclear export of BRCA1 protein, aberrant mitoses with extra centrosomes, and genomic instability. EZH2 inhibition in CAL51 breast cancer cells induces BRCA1 nuclear localization and rescues defects in ploidy and mitosis. Mechanistically, EZH2 overexpression is sufficient for activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/ Akt (PI3K/Akt) pathway specifically through activation of Akt isoform 1. EZH2-induced BRCA1 nuclear export, aneuploidy, and mitotic defects were prevented by treatment with the PI3K inhibitors LY294002 or wortmannin. Targeted inhibition of Akt-1, Akt-2, and Akt-3 isoforms revealed that the EZH2-induced phenotype requires specific activation of Akt-1. The relevance of our studies to human breast cancer is highlighted by the finding that high EZH2 protein levels are associated with upregulated expression of phospho-Akt-1 (Ser473) and decreased nuclear expression of phospho-BRCA1 (Ser1423) in 39% of invasive breast carcinomas. These results enable us to pinpoint one mechanism by which EZH2 regulates BRCA1 expression and genomic stability mediated by the PI3K/Akt-1 pathway. Cancer Res; 71(6); 2360–70. 2011 AACR.
Upper extremity kinetics during walker-assisted gait of knee joint stiffness simulation

Because of various inflammations and fractures of low limbs, the number of patients with knee joint stiffness is increasing. Walkers are commonly prescribed to improve these patients' stability and ambulatory ability. The evaluation on the assisted walking effect has become a hot problem, whose prerequisite is a comprehensive mechanical understanding of the upper extremity force. In order to study the upper extremity kinetics during walker-assisted gait of knee joint stiffness, this paper developed a new method to collect upper extremity kinetics data based on a special-designed walker dynamometer system. Handle reaction vector (HRV) data were collected from 15 healthy right-handed young subjects by simulation experiments for four knee joint stiffness modes. T test and support vector machine (SVM) were used to analyze these HRV data. The results indicated that knee joint stiffness had a great influence on the upper extremity force during the walker-assisted walking. The proposed method is hoped to beneficially influence walker-assisted gait retraining strategies for knee joint stiffness.
Rationale , Design , and Findings from the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study : Toward Understanding theTotal Societal Burden of Sleep-Disordered Breathing

Over the past 2 decades, clinical and public health recognition of the importance of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and other sleep disorders has increased markedly. Findings from epidemiology studies, many of which were presented at the University of Pennsylvania–Hershey symposium (November 2007, ‘‘Epidemiology of Sleep Disorders: Clinical Implications’’) have been critical in identifying the high prevalence of undiagnosed SDB and in linking this disorder with significant morbidity. Identification of the high prevalence of undiagnosed SDB by populationbased studies in the 1990s contributed to the growing increase in clinical recognition of SDB. The increase in clinical interest, in turn, prompted the need for additional epidemiology studies to quantify the adverse health outcomes of this condition, to determine the total societal burden of SDB. Thus, the rationale for the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study (WSCS) and other population-based studies, and the significance of findings, must be explained in the context of the fascinating history of sleep medicine.
Three 20‐Minute Interspaced Salbutamol Inhalations as a Test for the Diagnosis of Reversible Airflow Limitation in Adult Asthmatics

Reversible airflow limitation represents an important parameter for the diagnosis of bronchial asthma. The aim of this study was to design a simple and useful test for the detection of reversible airflow limitation. The subjects were 29 patients with asthma and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) < 80% predicted. Following baseline spirometry, subjects inhaled 1.5 mg of salbutamol by a nebulizer and then spirometry was performed 20 min later. The procedure was repeated three times. Subsequently, 13 patients received 30 mg of predonisolone orally once daily for 1 week. Spirometry was performed before and after the oral predonisolone therapy, and results were compared with those of salbutamol inhalation test. The mean increase in FEV1 over the baseline was 18.3% after the first salbutamol inhalation, 26.4% after the second inhalation, and 30.2% after the third inhalation. The increases in FEV1 were significant after each inhalation. The mean increases in the maximum expiratory flow rate at 50% (V50) and that at 25% (V25), measured from the flow volume loop, were 53.5% and 46.9% after the first inhalation, but there were no significant changes by repeated inhalations. A significant reversal of airflow limitation was demonstrated in 18 subjects after the first inhalation, 22 subjects after the second inhalation, and 27 subjects after the third inhalation. Improvement in FEV1 after oral predonisolone was equivalent to that after the third inhalation of salbutamol. A test composed of three 20‐min interspaced salbutamol inhalations is useful for the diagnosis of asthma by demonstrating the presence of reversible airflow limitation.
Neurons of the Human Frontal Cortex Display Apolipoprotein E Immunoreactivity: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a plasma protein that regulates lipid transport and cholesterol homeostasis. In humans, apoE occurs as 3 major isoforms (apoE2, E3, and E4). Genetic evidence demonstrates an overrepresentation of the apoE 4 allele in Alzheimer's disease (AD). While apoE immunoreactivity (IR) is associated with the amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of AD, few studies have characterized the localization of apoE in normal human brains. We examined the distribution of apoE in the cerebral cortex of normal aged individuals and compared the results to clinically diagnosed and pathologically confirmed AD cases. In addition, we characterized the apoE IR in brains from high plaque non-demented (HPND) cases. We observed consistent and widespread apoE staining in cortical neurons from normal and HPND individuals. This finding was confirmed by double immunostaining which colocalized apoE with microtubule-associated protein-2, as well as low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein, an apoE receptor found on neurons. In contrast, AD brains displayed apoE IR in plaques and neurofibrillary tangles with little neuronal staining. These data clearly establish the presence of apoE in normal neurons, supporting an intracellular role for apoE. Moreover, the results suggest that this function of apoE is disrupted in AD, where apoE staining of neurons was drastically reduced
Advances in Brief Identification of a Transactivation Activity in the COOH-Terminal Region of p 73 Which Is Impaired in the Naturally Occurring Mutants Found in Human Neuroblastomas 1

p73 is a recently cloned tumor suppressor gene that is highly homologous top53, and the products of both possess similar functions in inhibiting cell growth and inducing apoptosis. Interestingly, the COOH-terminal region of p53 displays no significant homology with that of p73. Moreover, p73 has an additional segment at its COOH terminus. Recently, we have found two mutations of p73 with amino acid substitution (P405R and P425L) in primary neuroblastomas. Because the region (amino acid residues 382–491) contains a glutamineand proline-rich domain, we hypothesized that it has a transactivation function, and the mutations found in tumors result in loss of function. To test it, we used the yeast GAL4 DNA-binding fusion system. Yeast transformants expressing a GAL4-p73(1–112) or a GAL4-p73a(380–513) fusion protein were grown in SD medium lacking histidine and tryptophan and exhibited a significant induction of b-galactosidase activity. Transient transfection experiments revealed that both of fusion proteins could induce the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity in mammalian cells, indicating that the COOH-terminal as well as NH2-terminal regions of p73 had significantly high levels of transactivation activity. Furthermore, the former activity was severely impaired in two naturally occurring mutant forms found in neuroblastomas. These suggest that, unlike p53, p73 has two domains with transactivation function, one in the NH2-terminal region and the other in the COOH-terminal region. Loss of function mutation in the latter might be involved in tumorigenesis and/or tumor progression.
2 Anonymization Approach for Protect Privacy of Medical Data and Knowledge Management

The evolution and development of information and technology have facilitated greater sharing and knowledge management of the collection of electronic information provided by data owners, including governments, corporations, and individuals. Such owners create significant opportunities for knowledge management and information retrieval, thus improving decision-making.Correspondingly; the increase in the use of the Internet and its applications in various aspects of life has led to the need to secure data in the medical and research fields, in government offices, corporations, and individual agencies in various fields. Two questions are addressed in the present study. First, why is there an increasing demand for data sharing and knowledge management? This increasing demand is reflected in the rate of demand for data sharing (Figure 1), which is the base reference data for all users (Gardner and Xiong 2009; El Emam et al. 2011).
Service oriented cross-industry innovation as one category of open innovation

In open innovation, every company is seeking for external resources for internal innovation activities. Meanwhile, other companies are also in desperate need of the internal resources owned by this company. Such resources can be either engineering technologies or managerial experiences. Hence, open innovation can be performed not only for engineering purpose but also for management purpose, such as business model, product or even service. In this article, we will only focus on one typical kind of open innovation named cross-industry innovation for discussion. Particular attention will be paid to the cases in which services are integrated together with product. By introducing product service system, the advantages of open innovation can be most obviously incarnated. This is only a theoretical research, which is composed based on the foundations of previous researches. This paper will firstly compliment the theory structure of open innovation. And then special attention will be paid on customer integrated cross industry (CICI) open innovation because of its high level of openness. By taking telematics service as an example, this paper will continue to discuss the industrial business model of CICI open innovation.
Age-related auditory loss and genetics: an electrocochleographic comparison of six inbred strains of mice.

A genetic baseline was established for age-related auditory loss in the laboratory mouse (Mus musculus). Auditory nerve isoelectric thresholds were obtained in young, middle aged, and elderly mice at frequencies from 2 to 64 kHz. Six inbred strains of diverse genetic origin and widely varying life spans (298 to 774 days) were examined. Each strain displayed an age-related loss similar to that most often seen in the aging human (i.e., high-frequency losses occurred earliest, followed by losses of middle, and then of lower frequencies). The ranking of these strains in terms of the best to the poorest cochlear function in old age is as follows: SJL/J, AU/SsJ, AKR/J, A/J, C57BR/cdJ, and LP/J. Males and females were equally affected by the aging process.
Desmoplasic Ameloblastoma in Maxilla: Report of Case and Review of the Literature

El ameloblastoma es una neoplasia benigna de origen epitelial odontogenica de crecimiento lento, localmente invasiva y constituye el tumor odontogenico mas comun en los maxilares. Histologicamente, existen varios tipos descritos en la literatura. La variante desmoplastica es rara y se caracteriza por diferencias en los hallazgos tipicos del ameloblastoma, incluso la localizacion y aspectos radiograficos e histologicos. Los objetivos de este articulo son relatar un caso de ameloblastoma desmoplasico en el lado izquierdo del maxilar superior y presentar una revision de la literatura relevante, enfatizando aspectos peculiares de esta rara lesion
A binding site outside the canonical PDZ domain determines the specific interaction between Shank and SAPAP and their function

Significance Synaptic scaffold proteins, such as Shank and SAPAP, play critical roles in organizing protein complexes essential for neuronal development and signaling. Approximately 50% of protein concentration changes resulting from genetic mutations can cause various forms of psychiatric disorders; however, the molecular mechanism underlying such dosage-sensitive functional changes for the two scaffold proteins are not clear. Here we discover that a previously unrecognized PDZ domain-mediated binding mode renders an exquisitely specific interaction between Shank and SAPAP. Mutations of either of these proteins lead to quantitative reductions of the Shank/SAPAP complex in synapses. We also demonstrate that a Shank/SAPAP complex inhibitory peptide can modulate excitatory synaptic activities, providing a proof of concept of modulating synaptic activities by targeting the Shank PDZ domain. Shank and SAPAP (synapse-associated protein 90/postsynaptic density-95–associated protein) are two highly abundant scaffold proteins that directly interact with each other to regulate excitatory synapse development and plasticity. Mutations of SAPAP, but not other reported Shank PDZ domain binders, share a significant overlap on behavioral abnormalities with the mutations of Shank both in patients and in animal models. The molecular mechanism governing the exquisite specificity of the Shank/SAPAP interaction is not clear, however. Here we report that a sequence preceding the canonical PDZ domain of Shank, together with the elongated PDZ BC loop, form another binding site for a sequence upstream of the SAPAP PDZ-binding motif, leading to a several hundred-fold increase in the affinity of the Shank/SAPAP interaction. We provide evidence that the specific interaction afforded by this newly identified site is required for Shank synaptic targeting and the Shank-induced synaptic activity increase. Our study provides a molecular explanation of how Shank and SAPAP dosage changes due to their gene copy number variations can contribute to different psychiatric disorders.