Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improved hyperspectral vegetation detection using neural networks with spectral angle mapper

Hyperspectral images have been used in many areas including city planning, mining and military decision support systems. Hyperspectral image analysis techniques have a great potential for vegetation detection and classification with their capability to identify the spectral differences across the electromagnetic spectrum due to their ability to provide information about the chemical compositions of materials. This study introduces a vegetation detection method employing Artificial Neural Network (ANN) over hyperspectral imaging. The algorithm employed backpropagation MLP algorithm for training neural networks. The performance of ANN is improved by the joint use with Spectral Angle Mapper(SAM). The algorithm first obtains the certainty measure from ANN, following the completion of this process, every pixels’ angular distance is computed by SAM. The certainty measure is divided by angular distance. Results from ANN, SAM and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms are compared and evaluated with the result of the algorithm. Limited number of training samples are used for training. The results demonstrate that joint use of ANN and SAM significantly improves classification accuracy for smaller training samples.
Light exposure and the risk of cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular cataracts: the Pathologies Oculaires Liées à l'Age (POLA) study.

BACKGROUND Exposure to light may be an important risk factor for the development of cataracts. OBJECTIVE To present the relation of ambient solar radiation and professional and leisure exposures to light with the different types of cataracts. METHODS Pathologies Oculaires Liées a l'Age (POLA) is a population-based study on cataract and age-related macular degeneration and their risk factors in 2584 residents of Sète (southern France). Cataract classification was based on lens examination at slitlamp according to Lens Opacities Classification System III. A questionnaire about light exposure was administered. RESULTS After multivariate adjustment, participants who had higher ambient solar radiation had a 2.5-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-5.0), 4.0-fold (95% CI, 2.0-8.0), and 2.9-fold (95% CI, 1.5-5.3) increased risk of cortical and mixed cataract and cataract surgery, respectively. Solar ambient radiation was not significantly associated with posterior subcapsular and nuclear cataracts. By contrast, posterior subcapsular cataracts were significantly associated with professional exposure to sunlight (odds ratio [OR], 1.63; 95% CI, 1.01-2.63) and frequent use of sunglasses (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.43-0.90). Mixed cataract was also associated with professional exposure to artificial light (OR, 3.02; 95% CI, 1.03-8.82). CONCLUSION Our study further confirms the role of sunlight exposure in the pathogenesis of cataract, in particular in its cortical localization.
Raman spectroscopy hyperspectral imager based on Bragg tunable filters

A new type of Raman spectroscopy hyperspectral imager based on Bragg tunable filter has been developed by University of Montreal and Photon etc. The technology of Bragg tunable filter significantly reduces the acquisition time by selecting a single wavelength in a full camera field and scanning the wavelength with a high efficiency. The transmission is continuously tunable over 400 nm range with a spectral resolution of 0.2 nm. We here present the principle of this novel Raman imaging system as well as hyperspectral images of Si taken with a spectral resolution of 0.2 nm on the whole field of view of the microscope.
Overexpression of cyclin D2 is associated with increased in vivo invasiveness of human squamous carcinoma cells

Overexpression of cyclin D2 was studied in 10 human squamous cell carcinoma lines, to establish whether this gene plays a role in tumor progression. We found that those cell lines that overexpressed cyclin D2 (CCND2) had the most invasive in vivo behavior. The invasive ability of the cell lines was determined by evaluating the penetration of carcinoma cells into the tracheal wall in an in vivo assay with de‐epithelialized tracheas transplanted into the subcutaneous tissue of nude mice. From five cell lines that exhibited low invasive ability, we selected two that had very little CCND2 expression (SCC9 and SCC15), to evaluate whether CCND2 gene transfer would increase the invasive behavior. After confirming the successful transfer of CCND2 by Northern, Western, and kinase‐activity assays, we assessed the in vivo invasive behavior of the CCND2‐transfected cells and their respective vector alone–transfected controls. The cell lines containing the transferred CCND2 gene had a significantly higher invasive ability than respective controls. This was accompanied by a moderate increase in gelatinase activity. In addition, the in vitro proliferative abilities, under normal culture conditions, of the parental CCND2‐transfected and vector alone–transfected cells were found to be similar, as was the in vivo labeling index of Ki‐67 in the tracheal transplants. These results indicated that the overexpression of CCND2 in squamous cell carcinoma lines modulates cell proliferation after induced quiescence and also has a powerful enhancing effect on in vivo aggressive growth behavior. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maintenance of human sperm motility and prevention of oxidative damage through co‐culture incubation

Summary. Co‐culture incubation is one of the important techniques used in basic and clinical research of assisted reproduction. In this study, sperm samples from 40 healthy donors were prepared for co‐culture incubation with Vero cells which had been derived from the kidney fibroblasts of the African green monkey, Cercopithecus aethiops. We found that the motility characteristics of ejaculated human sperm co‐cultured with Vero cells were largely maintained and the percentage of hyperactivated sperm in the co‐culture group was not affected. While the sperm of the control group completely lost the motility at 12 h incubation at 37°C in 5% CO2, the sperm co‐cultured with Vero cells still maintained 74% of the original motility. Lipid peroxidation and accumulation of 8–hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine in spermatozoa were also reduced by the co‐culture incubation, which strongly indicates that intercellular interactions may play some role in the maintenance of sperm functions. We conclude that the oxidative damage in vitro of the sperm can be reduced by the co‐culture system and thereby maintains the function of sperm from oxidative damage.
Acoustooptoelectronic receiver

Results ofthe development ofthe acoustooptoelectronic receiver for the detection and parameter determination of radio signals in L, C, and X bands are given. The basic advantage of this receiver in comparison with the conventional panoramic radio electronic receiver with the successive survey is the possibility of the simultaneous reception of signals in the big frequency bandwidth, that increases the probability of detection and allows to process signals with the unknown carrier, signals with the frequency jumps and other signals with the complicated timefrequency structure.
Wavelet-based multicomponent denoising on GPU to improve the classification of hyperspectral images

Supervised classification allows handling a wide range of remote sensing hyperspectral applications. Enhancing the spatial organization of the pixels over the image has proven to be beneficial for the interpretation of the image content, thus increasing the classification accuracy. Denoising in the spatial domain of the image has been shown as a technique that enhances the structures in the image. This paper proposes a multi-component denoising approach in order to increase the classification accuracy when a classification method is applied. It is computed on multicore CPUs and NVIDIA GPUs. The method combines feature extraction based on a 1Ddiscrete wavelet transform (DWT) applied in the spectral dimension followed by an Extended Morphological Profile (EMP) and a classifier (SVM or ELM). The multi-component noise reduction is applied to the EMP just before the classification. The denoising recursively applies a separable 2D DWT after which the number of wavelet coefficients is reduced by using a threshold. Finally, inverse 2D-DWT filters are applied to reconstruct the noise free original component. The computational cost of the classifiers as well as the cost of the whole classification chain is high but it is reduced achieving real-time behavior for some applications through their computation on NVIDIA multi-GPU platforms.
A New Idea for Enterprise Resource Management

Nowadays the mobile market, thanks to latest generation smartphones, is still spreading: this is mainly due to increasingly powerful computing tools (microprocessors quad core) and to the used operating systems; Android stands among those with the greatest growth. The fields with a strong growth are those linked to mobile advertising, mobile infotainment and B2C mobile services, within which our proposal takes place. The starting idea of this paper is to show the abilities of the implementation of an integrated platform able to support an organization on its authorization, communication and sharing processes, accessible from mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets belonging to employees or customers of an enterprise.
Wearable 6-DoF wrist haptic device "SPIDAR-W"

By recent development of HMD technology, it becomes possible to provide a feeling as if his own intrudes into the VE. HMD is a wearable visual equipment used by being mounted on a human head, so user can retract into VE without seeing the outside of the information by blocking the outside world information and reflecting only VE image in front of user's eye. Therefore, using HMD is possible to reproduce a roller coaster experience, freely exploration of virtual house, etc.
Source engineering for ESD robust NLDMOS

ESD robustness dependences on the source structures of NLDMOS are studied. Improved ESD durability and smaller die-to-die variations are successfully obtained with an extended source diffusion width and an island shape body contact. Mechanisms of ESD durability improvements were analyzed by the emission microscope measurements and 3D TCAD simulations.
Liveness and spoofing in fingerprint identification: issues and challenges

The fingerprint liveness detection refers to the inspection of the finger characteristics to ensure whether the input finger is live or artificial. A number of fingerprint identification systems are used widely and implemented at various important places such as border and immigration services. However, it is not declared by the manufacturers of these systems whether liveness detection is actually implemented. Possible measures to detect liveness are only proposed in patents and published literature. There are three major schemes, which are reported in fingerprint liveness literature. These coupled with the additional hardware, software, or combination of fingerprint with other identifications is aimed to verify the liveness in submitted fingerprints. The hardware-based methods use auxiliary sensors to detect the biological and physiological measurements from finger, whereas software-based methods utilize changes in physical properties that take place in early stages of pressing the finger. In this paper, various fingerprint liveness detection methods, which are categorized as voluntary and involuntary, are explored. These categories are based on determining the presence of a user by different responses from either voluntary (e.g. passwords or multiple biometrics) or involuntary (e.g. pulse oximetry or blood pressure) liveness detections. The main objective of this paper is to critically review the voluntary and involuntary fingerprint liveness detection techniques proposed in the literature, and discuss their effectiveness and possible limitations.
Perceptual convexity

Often objects which are not convex in the mathematical sense are treated as 'perceptually convex'. We present an algorithm for recognition of the perceptual convexity of a 2-d contour. We start by reducing the notion of 'a contour is perceptually convex' to the notion of 'a contour is Y-convex'. The latter reflects an absence of large concavities in the OY direction of an XOY frame. Then we represent a contour by a G-graph and modify the slowest descent the small leaf trimming procedure recently introduced for the estimation of shape similarity. \'Ve prove that executing the slowest descent down to a G-graph consisting of 3 vertices allows us to detect large concavities in the QY direction. This allows us to recognize the perceptual convexity of an input contour.
Image recognition using multi-layer sparse feature extraction with ADMM

Being motivated by the Saak (Subspace approximation with augmented kernels) transform, we propose an image recognition scheme using multi-layer sparse feature extraction with a convex solver ADMM (Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers). The Saak transform consists of a multi-layer PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and S/P (Sign-to-Position) conversion to avoid sign confusion. This paper adopts sparse representation instead of PCA and also compares the S/P conversion with the activation function ReLU (Rectified Linear Unit), which is realized by involving the projection mapping onto the non-negative set in convex formulas. The Saak transform uses PCA not only for feature extraction but also for dimension compression of feature vectors. We expect that our method does not need the dimension compression since sparse representation compresses features more than PCA. Experimental results on the MNIST and Fashion-MNIST dataset show that the proposed method is equivalent to the Saak transform in recognition accuracy, and that our method can make features more sparse and extract features that have high discriminant power locally.
A metrical template account of children's weak syllable omissions from multisyllabic words

ABSTRACT Young children learning English as well as many other languages frequently omit weakly stressed syllables from multisyllabic words. In particular, they are more likely to omit weak syllables from word-initial positions than from word-internal or -final positions. For example, the weak syllable of a weak-strong (WS) word like giraffe is much more likely to be omitted than the weak syllable of a SW word like tiger. Three hypotheses for this omission pattern have been offered. In two, children's weak syllable omissions reflect innate perceptual biases either to ignore initial weak syllables or to encode word-final syllables. In contrast, the SW Production Template Hypothesis states that children have a template for producing a strong syllable followed by an optional weak syllable. When they apply a series of SW templates to their intended utterances, weak syllables that do not fit the templates are more likely to be omitted than those that do. To compare the three hypotheses, young two-year-olds were asked to say four-syllable SWWS and WSWS nonsense words. Children's pattern of weak syllable preservations was highly consistent with the SW production template hypothesis, but not with the perception-based hypotheses. Implications of this research for children's function morpheme omissions and for the relation of metrical and segmental production templates are discussed.
Cholesterol cholelithiasis in the prairie dog: Role of mucin and nonmucin glycoproteins

The aims of this study were to examine the effect of exogenous prostaglandin on mucin secretion and to determine the role of nonmucin glycoproteins on gallstone formation in the prairie dog model of cholesterol cholelithiasis. The concentration of total glycoprotein and nonmucin glycoproteins was measured in gallbladder bile from four groups of prairie dogs fed a control diet or a diet supplemented with 1.2% cholesterol with or without simultaneous subcutaneous administration of prostaglandin E1. Cholesterol feeding resulted in an increased concentration of concanavalin‐A binding–proteins in gallbladder bile associated with an increase in pronucleating activity in vitro. Treatment with prostaglandin E1 and cholesterol feeding was associated with a significant increase in the incidence of cholesterol gallstone formation. Prostaglandin E1 treatment in the cholesterol‐fed animals increased biliary concentrations of total glycoprotein and concanavalin‐A–binding glycoproteins. Therefore the increased biliary glycoprotein level in cholesterolfed, prostaglandin E1‐treated prairie dogs, which reflects higher levels of mucin and nonmucin glycoproteins, appears to be an important factor in gallstone formation. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;17:693–700.)
Survey of computer vision technology for UVA navigation

Navigation based on computer version technology, which has the characteristics of strong independence, high precision and is not susceptible to electrical interference, has attracted more and more attention in the filed of UAV navigation research. Early navigation project based on computer version technology mainly applied to autonomous ground robot. In recent years, the visual navigation system is widely applied to unmanned machine, deep space detector and underwater robot. That further stimulate the research of integrated navigation algorithm based on computer version technology. In China, with many types of UAV development and two lunar exploration, the three phase of the project started, there has been significant progress in the study of visual navigation. The paper expounds the development of navigation based on computer version technology in the filed of UAV navigation research and draw a conclusion that visual navigation is mainly applied to three aspects as follows. (1) Acquisition of UAV navigation parameters. The parameters, including UAV attitude, position and velocity information could be got according to the relationship between the images from sensors and carrier’s attitude, the relationship between instant matching images and the reference images and the relationship between carrier’s velocity and characteristics of sequential images. (2) Autonomous obstacle avoidance. There are many ways to achieve obstacle avoidance in UAV navigation. The methods based on computer version technology ,including feature matching, template matching, image frames and so on, are mainly introduced. (3) The target tracking, positioning. Using the obtained images, UAV position is calculated by using optical flow method, MeanShift algorithm, CamShift algorithm, Kalman filtering and particle filter algotithm. The paper expounds three kinds of mainstream visual system. (1) High speed visual system. It uses parallel structure, with which image detection and processing are carried out at high speed. The system is applied to rapid response system. (2) The visual system of distributed network. There are several discrete image data acquisition sensor in different locations, which transmit image data to the node processor to increase the sampling rate. (3) The visual system combined with observer. The system combines image sensors with the external observers to make up for lack of visual equipment. To some degree, these systems overcome lacks of the early visual system, including low frequency, low processing efficiency and strong noise. In the end, the difficulties of navigation based on computer version technology in practical application are briefly discussed. (1) Due to the huge workload of image operation , the real-time performance of the system is poor. (2) Due to the large environmental impact , the anti-interference ability of the system is poor. (3) Due to the ability to work in a particular environment, the system has poor adaptability.
Relationship between imaging biomarkers of stage I cervical cancer and poor-prognosis histologic features: quantitative histogram analysis of diffusion-weighted MR images.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether histogram analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values from diffusion-weighted MRI can be used to differentiate cervical tumors according to their histologic characteristics. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Sixty patients with International Federation of Gynecology stage I cervical cancer underwent MRI at 1.5 T with a 37-mm-diameter endovaginal coil. T2-weighted images (TR/TE, 2000-2368/90) followed by diffusion-weighted images (TR/TE, 2500/69; b values, 0, 100, 300, 500, and 800 s/mm(2)) were acquired. An expert observer drew regions of interest around a histologically confirmed tumor on ADC maps by referring to the T2-weighted images. Pixel-by-pixel ADCs were calculated with a monoexponential fit of data from b values of 100-800 s/mm(2), and ADC histograms were obtained from the entire tumor volume. An independent samples Student t test was used to compare differences in ADC percentile values, skew, and kurtosis between squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, well or moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated tumors, and absence and presence of lymphovascular space invasion. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in ADC percentiles between squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, but the median was significantly higher in well or moderately differentiated tumors (50th percentile, 1113 ± 177 × 10(-6) mm(2)/s) compared with poorly differentiated tumors (50th percentile, 996 ± 184 × 10(-6) mm(2)/s) (p = 0.049). Histogram skew was significantly less positive for adenocarcinoma compared with squamous cell carcinoma (p = 0.016) but did not differ between tumor grades. There was no significant difference between any parameter with regard to lymphovascular space invasion. CONCLUSION Median ADC is lower in poorly compared with well or moderately differentiated tumors, while lower histogram-positive skew in adenocarcinoma compared with squamous cell carcinoma is likely to reflect the glandular content of adenocarcinoma.
The Marine System of the Western Antarctic Peninsula

The Ecosystems Center, MBL, Woods Hole, MA, USA British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK Virginia Instute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA, USA Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY, USA MIT-WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA Polar Oceans Research Group, Sheridan, MT, USA
Data mining technique for a secure electronic payment transaction using MJk-RSA in mobile computing

Due to the evolution of the Electronic Learning (E-Learning), one can easily get desired information on computer or mobile system connected through Internet. Currently E-Learning materials are easily accessible on the desktop computer system, but in future, most of the information shall also be available on small digital devices like Mobile, PDA, etc. Most of the E-Learning materials are paid and customer has to pay entire amount through credit/debit card system. Therefore, it is very important to study about the security of the credit/debit card numbers. The present paper is an attempt in this direction and a security technique is presented to secure the credit/debit card numbers supplied over the Internet to access the E-Learning materials or any kind of purchase through Internet. A well known method i.e. Data Cube Technique is used to design the security model of the credit/debit card system. The major objective of this paper is to design a practical electronic payment protocol which is the safest and most secured mode of transaction. This technique may reduce fake transactions which are above 20% at the global level.