Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of Enterobacteriaceae producing β-lactamase and methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolated from the hospital environment and catheters in two public hospitals in Benin, Republic of Benin

Antimicrobial resistance is a real public health problem. All over the world, it has a considerable impact in hospitals. The present study was conducted to ascertain the bacterial ecology in two hospitals in Benin as well as the resistance genes present in the recovered isolates. A total of 146 environmental and catheter samples were collected at the University Hospital Center of Abomey-Calavi / So-Ava and at the Beninese Army Hospital of Cotonou. These samples were inoculated on Mannitol Salt and Eosin Methylene Blue agars. The colonies obtained were identified and their sensitivity to antibiotics were tested, using the Kirby Bauer technique. Four resistance genes encoding the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (blaCTX-M1, blaCTX-M2, blaCTX-M9, blaCTX-M15) and the gene coding for methicillin resistance (mecA) were screened. The gene coding for methicillin resistance (mecA) was sought in staphylococci. A total of 69 (53,49%) and 60 (46,51%) strains belonging to Enterobacteriaceae family and staphylococci were identified, respectively. A predominance of Staphylococcus aureus (25.6%) followed by Enterobacter cloacae (21.0%) and coagulase negative staphylococci (21.0%) was observed. These bacterial strains showed multidrug-resistance, particularly to beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and macrolides. Beta-lactamases were identified in the genome of bacterial strains with a predominance of blaCTX-M15 (42.8%). The frequency of the mecA gene in staphylococci was 50%. These results show the magnitude of the antimicrobial resistance situation in the hospitals investigated. They can be used to support advocacy for urgent action at the national level, especially with regards to the management and efficient use of antimicrobials in Benin.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Knowledge among University Students

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the knowledge of ALS among students in a university in Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional and observational study was performed among the students of three different healthcare provider faculties (Medical, Pharmacy and Dental) in a university with the help of pre-validated research questionnaire. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 24.0 was used to analyze and present the data. Results: A total of 268 university students from three faculties participated in the current study. The medical faculty students and final year students had more appropriate knowledge towards the ALS. Conclusion: Overall appropriate knowledge was observed among the studied faculty students. The present study concluded that medical students had adequate knowledge of ALS than the other two faculty students.
Armed conflict, violence, and the decision to migrate: explaining the determinants of displacement in Syria

ABSTRACT Instead of regarding violence as a homogenous event, this article deconstructs the violence in Syria through Galtung’s concept of structural violence in order to understand the impact it has on the decision to move at a disaggregated level. It outlines the determinants of migration processes in Syria, relying on semi-structured interviews. By doing so, this research aims at enhancing the understanding of the determinants of forced displacement and migration patterns in response to violence. The research shows that enduring structural violence profoundly affects individuals` decision to leave their homes and become refugees. Beyond actual violence per se, refugee movements from Syria to neighbouring countries are linked to the gradual increase in structural violence, as well as proximate conditions and intervening factors. While pointing direct and actual violence as a determinant of internal displacement, this research also highlights that individuals forced to abandon their homes are not passive victims of the conflict.
Examining Co-activation Through Cross-Linguistic Influence among Bilinguals in Spoken Language Processing: Evidence from Eye Movements

The aim of this paper is to examine the cross-linguistic influences of both early and late bilinguals in spoken language processing and the differences between them. There were four undergraduates, comprising of two early and two late bilinguals, participated voluntarily in this research. The Tobii X 300 was used as the equipment to be applied when measuring and recording the eye-movements of students. Four conditions, namely between competition, within competition, simultaneous competition, and no competition, were designed as the stimuli. Findings were coded as containing zero or greater-than-zero fixations of each condition (if it was present) along with their respective filler (control). The presence of competition can be measured by employing time course sensitive response measures which is the time to first fixation. The results of this study have illustrated through the presence of cross-linguistic influence in bilinguals that the two languages in the bilinguals mind exist in a state of co-activation regardless of their age of acquisition, consistent with previous studies conducted. However, the age of acquisition of a bilingual’s second language differentiates the type of cross-linguistic influence that a bilingual is likely to face when processing their second language. Keywords: Co-activation; cross-linguistic; early and late bilinguals; spoken language processing; eye tracking
Sustainable development of China's smart energy industry based on artificial intelligence and low‐carbon economy

With the continuous advancement of urbanization, the contradiction between urban development and environmental resources has become increasingly prominent, and environmental pollution has become increasingly serious. To fundamentally solve the problems of environment, energy, and low carbon, we must rely on the intelligence of energy. This paper aims to study the sustainable development of China's intelligent energy industry based on artificial intelligence and low‐carbon economy. In view of the problems existing in the optimization of power generation industry, this paper uses the annual load, electricity price, weather, and climate data of a southern power grid, uses the statistical variation particle swarm optimization algorithm, uses the historical runoff and rainfall data to optimize it, and studies the analysis methods, characteristics and laws of short‐term load, electricity price and runoff, as well as the uncertain factors affecting their changes. The experimental results show that the predicted price is close to the actual price, and the median error of each period is <1% in statistical analysis, so the forecast value can be used to replace the actual value for scheduling. This method makes full use of the adaptive mutation in the late stage of particle optimization, and introduces the mechanism of particle size selection, which fully ensures the diversity of particles and improves the search ability of particles.
Sargassum crasifolium Extract Could Prevent the Decrese in the Thyroxine Hormone and the Body Weight Loss of Javanese Randu Goats during Transportation

Thyroxine hormone (T4) was one of the hormones related to metabolism rate. Animal transportation could be stressor interfering metabolism. Sargassum crasifoium was one of brown algae species that contained some important nutrients and also flavonoids. The study aimed at finding out the effect of the Sargassum on the decrase in thyroxine hormone and body weight loss. It used 9 Javanese Randu goats that were classified into 3 treatment groups. Group I served as control, Group II was treated with 450 mg/kg BW of Sargassum estract and Group III was treated with vitamin B1. All of the goats were transported for 12 hours using pickup truck at the speed of 60 km/hour. Blood samples were drawn before the transportation, during loading, 6 hours after the transportation and at the end of the transportation, while the body weight of the goats was weighed before and after the transportation. The results of the study showed that the T4 hormone decreased in the Group I and increased in the Group III during the transportation, while it was stable in the Group II. The biggest percentage of the body weight loss took place to the Group III (0.13%), while the smallest percentage took place to the Group II (0.063%). Statistical analysis showed that the Sargassum extract did not have any significant effect (p>0.05) on both the thyroxine hormone and the body weight loss during the transportation. Based on the results of the study it could be concluded that the Sargassum extract could stabilize the thyroxine hormone during the transportation so that it could prevent the body weight loss
Influence of Soil and Manure Management Practices on Surface Runoff Phosphorus and Nitrogen Loss in a Corn Silage Production System: A Paired Watershed Approach

Best management practices (BMPs) can mitigate erosion and nutrient runoff. We evaluated runoff losses for silage corn management systems using paired watershed fields in central Wisconsin. A two-year calibration period of fall-applied liquid dairy manure incorporated with chisel plow tillage (FMT) was followed by a three and a half-year treatment period. During the treatment period FMT was continued on one field, and three different systems on the others: (a) fall-applied manure and chisel tillage plus a vegetative buffer strip (BFMT); (b) a fall rye cover crop with spring manure application and chisel tillage (RSMT), both BMPs; a common system (c) fall manure application with spring chisel tillage (FMST). Year-round runoff monitoring included flow, suspended sediment (SS), total phosphorus (TP), dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), ammonium (NH4+-N), nitrate, and total nitrogen (TN). Results showed BFMT reduced runoff SS, TP, and TN concentration and load compared to FMT. The RSMT system reduced concentrations of SS, TP, and TN, but not load because of increased runoff. The FMST practice increased TP, DRP, and NH4+-N loads by 39, 376, and 197%, respectively. While BMPs showed mitigation potential for SS, TN, and TP, none controlled DRP, suggesting additional practices may be needed in manured corn silage fields with high runoff potential.
Impact of Optical Filter Bandwidth on Performance of All-optical Automatic Gain-controlled Erbium-doped Fiber Amplifiers

We have investigated the impact of optical filter bandwidth on the performance of all-optical automatic gain-controlled (AGC) erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs). In principle, an optical bandpass filter (OBPF) should be placed within the feedback gain-clamping loop to set the lasing wavelength as well as the passband of the feedback amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) in all-optical AGC EDFA. From our measurement results, we found that the power level of feedback ASE with 0.1 nm passband of the optical filter was smaller than the ones with >0.2 nm passband cases. Therefore, the peak-to-peak power variation of the surviving channel with 0.1 nm passband was much larger than the ones with >0.2 nm passband. In addition, no significant difference in the power level of the feedback ASE was observed when the passband of the optical filter was ranging from 0.2 nm to 4.5 nm in our measurements. From these results, we have concluded that the passband of the optical filter should be slightly larger than 0.2 nm by taking into account the effect of feedback ASE power and the efficient use of the EDFA gain spectrum for the lasing ASE peak.
Retroperitoneal sarcomas: Outcomes of repeated resections

Purpose Retroperitoneal sarcomas (RPS) are rare malignant tumors arising from mesenchymal cells. The objective of this study was to review the treatment experiences and to identify prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) after primary resection and subsequent reoperations for recurrences. Methods The medical records of patients who underwent resection for RPS at our institution between June 2002 and December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to assess the prognostic factors for OS. Results A total of 48 patients were enrolled. On multivariable analysis in primary resection group, the FNCLCC (Fédération Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer) grade was a significant prognostic factor for OS (P=0.006). The patients who received chemotherapy after primary resection were significantly associated with poor prognosis (P=0.009). The 5-year OS rate after primary resection (n=48) were 58.1% and the 5-year cumulative reoperation rate after primary resection was 62.5%. After second resection for recurrence after primary resection (n=23), the 5-year OS rate was 64.3%. There was a tendency towards decreased surgery-free survival rate as the number of repeated resections for recurrent RPS increased. In the subset of patients (n=16) who underwent more than 3 repeated resections at our institute, the 5-year OS rate was 75.0%, indicating that repeated resections are not associated with worse outcome. Conclusion Only low tumor grade was an independent favorable prognostic factor for OS. Although the prognosis for RPS remains poor, repeated resections for recurrence are not associated with poor prognosis. Aggressive surgical strategies for recurred RPS patients are warranted.
Response surface methodology for the extraction of bioactive compound from black glutinous rice

This study was aimed at the extraction of total phenolic compounds, as well as, the antioxidant activity of black glutinous rice (Oryza sativa L.). Black glutinous rice of three varieties consists of Leum Pua, Doi Saket, and Phayao were extracted using citric acid solvent. The influences of temperature, time and pH value on total phenolic content and antioxidant activity (percentage of inhibition of DPPH free radical) were investigated. A central composite design was employed to determine the optimum extraction condition to obtain the highest total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The regression models of total phenolic content were significant (p0.05) and determination coefficients values were 0.8028, 0.8089, and 0.8603 of Leum Pua, Doi Saket, and Phayao, respectively. The regression models of DPPH inhibition were significant (p0.05) and determination coefficients values were 0.8084, 0.8928, and 0.8243 of Leum Pua, Doi Saket, and Phayao, respectively. The selected optimum conditions were 72°C, 91 mins at pH 1.44 for Leum Pua, 72.5°C, 83 mins at pH 1.39 for Doi Saket, and 66.3°C, 75 mins at pH 1.32 for Phayao. Under the optimum condition, total phenolic content and percentage of inhibition of DPPH free radical of extract from Leum Pua, Doi Saket and Phayao were 0.3814 mg GAE g DW with 89.36%, 0.2607 mg GAE g DW with 73.33%, and 0.2617 mg GAE g 1 DW with 75.27%, respectively. The results showed that the total phenolic content of the extract indicated a highly positive correlation with antioxidant activity.
Drug-Drug-Dietary interactions in pharmacotherapy of GIT medication: A review

Successful drug therapy depends on the interaction between drug-drug and drug-diet. Drug interactions are a vital reason for causing adverse drug reactions and modify one drug effect by another drug and these kinds of interactions can increase or decrease the effectiveness of the drug. Polypharmacy could be a major risk for Drug-Drug and Drug-food interactions. Food Consumption can alter the effect of drugs by interfering either with their pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics processes. Anti-ulcer drugs are used to treat different types of ulcer and that may interact with another drug showing undesirable effects. GIT medications interfere with another type of medication either with at the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic level. The main objective of this article is to review data regarding common Drug-drug & Drug-food interactions related to GIT medications. Data was collected from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus databases, and they were reviewed for publication on drug-drug&drug-food interactions related to GITmedications. This data is very helpful for pharmacists while reviewing and analyzing prescribed medication, especially in geriatrics prescriptions.
Recent Experiments Raised Doubt On the Vertebrate Temporal Collinearity of the Hox Genes. A Biophysical Model May Reconcile the Conflicting Findings

Hox gene collinearity (HGC) is a multiscalar property of many animal phyla particularly important during embryogenesis. It relates events occurring in Hox clusters inside the chromosome DNA and embryonic tissues. These two entities differ in size by more than four orders of magnitude. HGC is observed as spatial collinearity (SC) where the Hox genes are located in the order H1, H2, H3 … along the 3’ to 5’ direction of the DNA sequence. The corresponding embryonic tissues (E1, E2, E3, …) are activated along the Anterior – Posterior axis in the same order. Besides this collinearity a temporal collinearity (TC) has been also observed in many vertebrates. According to TC first is H1 expressed in E1, later is H2 in E2, followed by H3,… Lately doubt has been raised whether TC really exists. A biophysical model (BM) has been formulated and tested in the last twenty years. According to BM, physical forces are created which pull the Hox genes one after the other driving them to a transcription factory domain where they are transcribed. The existing experiments support this BM description. In the present work two equivalent realizations of BM are presented which explain the recent findings on TC as observed in the vertebrates.
Kişilerarası Gerilimin Örgütsel Hafıza Üzerindeki Etkisi: Bir Alan Araştırması

The aim of study was to examine the impact of the interpersonal strain at work on organizational memory. In addition, it aimed to make suggestions based on results. For analysis of the proposed theoretical model, 128 teachers, employed in schools in Arhavi, were sampled and the data were gathered by means of a questionnaire. The data was analyzed with the SPSS 25.0 software by conducting Pearson correlation and simple linear regression analyzes and presented in tables. The results revealed that the interpersonal strain at work has a negative and significant impact on organizational memory. The study concluded that managers should pay attention to prevent interpersonal strain at work in order to develop organizational memory.
Effects of the Fertilizer Added with DMPP on Soil Nitrous Oxide Emissions and Microbial Functional Diversity

Agricultural sites contribute extensively to atmospheric emissions of climate-altering gases such as nitrous oxide. Several strategies have been considered to mitigate the impact of agriculture on climate, among these the utilization of fertilizers added with nitrification inhibitors such as DMPP (3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate) may represent a suitable solution. DMPP inhibits the growth and activity of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms, particularly the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, which are involved in N2O production. At present, little information is available on the effects of DMPP on the catabolic diversity of soil microbial community. In this study, the N2O emission by soil was performed by using the static chamber technique. The biological determinations of the microbial biomass carbon and the catabolic profile were assessed by measuring the substrate-induced respiration during the entire growing season of a potato crop under two nitrogen treatments: fertilization with and without DMPP. Our results did not show a clear mitigation of N2O emission by DMPP, even if a tendency to lower N2O fluxes in DMPP plots occurred when soil temperatures were lower than 20 °C. Conversely, DMPP deeply affected the microbial biomass and the catabolism of soil microorganisms, exerting a negative effect when it accumulated in excessive doses in the soil, limiting the growth and the capacity of soil microorganism communities to use different substrates.
Revisión Bibliográfica Alto Consumo de Fructosa y Daño Hepático

En la actualidad la ingesta de nutrientes en la dieta se caracteriza por el contenido de altos niveles de fructosa, un monosacárido encontrado en las frutas y muy usado artificialmente como edulcorante, presente en una amplia variedad de productos procesados, generando, junto a las grasas saturadas, un aumento del contenido calórico de los alimentos. Ese alto contenido calórico en el cual la fructosa aporta de manera considerable, se ha señalado como la causa de trastornos metabólicos. Aunque los azúcares son una fuente de energía inmediata necesaria, su consumo sobrepasa en muchas ocasiones el gasto energético, favoreciendo la síntesis de ácidos grasos, proceso realizado por el hígado; este órgano es un centro de regulación metabólico y a pesar de los mecanismos compensatorios que posee, la ingesta de fructosa en altas cantidades y por periodos prolongados de tiempo puede llevar a desencadenar daño tisular, por lo que es importante dilucidar los mecanismos de daño hepático que se ven reflejados en la pérdida de la funcionalidad. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta revisión bibliográfica es documentar la relación del alto consumo de fructosa con el deterioro hepático.
Block chain-Logistics and Proposed Layer Flow Model

Data protection and transparency are highly recommended modern approaches for any transaction domain. The proposed layer model will provide an improved and secure approach for transporting of goods using crypto currencies and excluding intermediate parties. Paper gives temporarily overview of crypto currency, logistics movement channels, block chain evaluation, challenges, types, applications and layer model that shows movements of good from scratch (source) to delivery (client destination) through secured transactions medium, excluding intermediate parties (banks etc.) storing signatures in distributed ledger.
A High Efficiency Linear Power Supply with Pure Sine Wave for High Voltage Test

The input part of the high-voltage test power supply is usually composed of switching devices; however, the pulse-type periodic interference caused by the switching devices makes the monitoring of the test power supply partial discharge more difficult. Therefore, this paper proposes a high-efficiency and distortion-free linear power supply based on piecewise-linearization with all N-type transistor. Under the same DC input, multiple power transistors are connected to different taps of the same transformer. By controlling the period of linear conduction of each power transistor in turn, we ensure that the power transistor works on the linear side (biased towards saturation) to reduce its conduction voltage drop and the output realizes sinusoidal piecewise linearization, so that the converter can greatly improve the system efficiency. After that, from the perspective of the lowest sum of the transistor loss, an optimization method for the design of the multi-winding transformer ratio at each stage is proposed. Finally, a power supply prototype based on four-piece linear converter with an output voltage of 220 V was built. The experimental efficiency reaches 87.03%, and, additionally, if the linear amplification is divided into more sections, the efficiency can be further improved.
Diglossic situation in sorani kurdish dialect

Diglossia is a sociolinguistic phenomenon that has deduced the interest of many sociolinguists. The first linguist is Ferguson (1959) who introduced the concept of diglossia to explain the distribution of naturally related varieties in different situations of the same speech community. One is a standard language where it is used as formal language in written and spoken communities and it is mainly learned in the way of education. While the other variety is used for normal interaction and communication. This is an attempt to investigate the diglossic situation of Sorani Kurdish dialect in Iraqi Kurdistan Region. Also of the problematic situation of using formal language in official institutions and informal language for daily communication.