Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Avulsión humeral de los ligamentos glenohumerales (HAGL-RHAGL): técnica de reparación artroscópica

Desde la descripción de la lesión de Bankart como la alteración anatomopatológica fundamental en la inestabilidad del hombro, la base del tratamiento quirúrgico ha sido la reposición del labrum antero-inferior a su posición anatómica natural. Con el desarrollo de las técnicas artroscópicas se ha observado que la inestabilidad de hombro es una entidad compleja caracterizada por la existencia de diferentes lesiones anatomopatológicas que se presentan de manera aislada o asociadas: lesiones del labrum anterior (Bankart), lesiones del labrum superior (SLAP), lesiones capsulares y labrales posteriores, lesiones del manguito rotador, desinserciones capsulares a nivel humeral y defectos óseos en glena y húmero. Describimos la técnica artroscópica utilizada para la reparación de la avulsión humeral de los ligamentos glenohumerales a nivel anterior (HAGL) y posterior (RHAGL). El punto crítico de la reparación quirúrgica es la elección y colocación de los anclajes en la posición óptima, obteniendo una buena tensión de los ligamentos glenohumerales. A menudo, para el correcto posicionamiento de los anclajes es necesaria la utilización de portales percutáneos accesorios (Portal 5 y portal 7). En la actualidad, creemos que las técnicas artroscópicas permiten una reparación óptima a su posición anatómica de la desinserción humeral de los ligamentos glenohumerales, aunque es un procedimiento exigente y con alta demanda para el cirujano.
Use of Quadratic Time-Frequency Representations to Analyze Cetacean Mammal Sounds

Abstract : The research presented in this report outlines the time-frequency characterization of mammalian click and whistle sounds. Analysis of the group delay structure of the mammalian vocal communication signals was matched to the appropriate quadratic time-frequency class for proper signal processing with minimal skewing of the results. The presented material includes a discussion of the recorded mammalian data recordings from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, and a mathematical introduction into quadratic time-frequency classes, properties, and mathematical structure. This report determines the computational formulations appropriate for analyzing underwater mammalian vocal sounds using quadratic time-frequency representations. Once the proper quadratic time-frequency representations were identified for use in the analysis of clicks and whistles, a large selection of sound files was analyzed to characterize the time-frequency structure. The time duration and bandwidth of the clicks and whistles of various genera of dolphins and whales are presented in this report.
Sample Size Requirements for Multivariate Models to Predict Between-Patient Differences in Best Treatments of Major Depressive Disorder

Clinical trials have documented numerous clinical features, social characteristics, and biomarkers that are “prescriptive” predictors of depression treatment response, that is, predictors of which types of treatments are best for which patients. On the basis of these results, research is actively under way to develop multivariate prescriptive prediction models to guide precision depression treatment planning. However, the sample size requirements for such models have not been analyzed. We present such an analysis here. Simulations using realistic parameter values and a state-of-the-art cross-validated targeted minimum loss-based prescription treatment response estimator show that at least 300 patients per treatment arm are needed to have adequate statistical power to detect clinically significant underlying marginal improvements in treatment response because of precision treatment selection. This is a considerably larger sample size than in most existing studies. We close with a discussion of practical study design options to address the need for larger sample sizes in future studies.
Factors Affecting the Application of On-Line Milk Urea Sensing

Estimation of urea in the milk of dairy cows is routinely done to determine how efficiently the animals are using dietary nitrogen. The observed values are used to adjust the herd ration to minimize feeds costs, improve the health of the herd, and reduce nitrogenous waste from the farm. Real–time data supplied by a recently developed on–line urea sensor may improve the quality of nutritional management by allowing more frequent sampling and automated analysis of milk. For effective application and interpretation of data from the device, we undertook an analysis of several factors affecting the dynamics of milk urea in dairy cows. Analysis of variations among cows indicated that interpretation of milk urea should be based on averages of 10 or more cows in a group. Based on observed changes in milk urea during milking, milk sampled as soon as possible after ejection of the foremilk would be representative of the entire milking. Consistent diurnal patterns in milk urea were observed, stressing the importance of uniform sampling time when evaluating milk urea. The nitrogen content of the ration was shown to have a strong positive effect on milk urea and no significant effect on yield, demonstrating the importance of balancing the diet. Evidence of heat stress was observed, with a positive effect on milk urea and a negative effect on yield. High nitrogen in the diet and periods of possible heat stress were both associated with an increase in the variation of milk urea in a group of cows, indicating that monitoring variance as well as mean milk urea may improve the ability to identify abnormal conditions at the dairy. Finally, changes in milk urea were observed within 3 days of changes in experimental conditions, suggesting that the ability to track milk urea every day may lead to faster and less ambiguous diagnosis of nutritional problems.
MembraneDamageandInterleukin-1 Production inMurine Macrophages Exposed toListeriolysin 0

chemiluminescence responseofmacrophages. Second, itsuppressed thephagocytic ingestion ofopsonized sheeperythrocytes andlatex beads. Third, exposureofmacrophages toLLOresulted inan increase indeadcells, asdetermined bythetrypanbluedye exclusion method. Aninteresting observation ofthis study isthat theLLO-induced production ofinterleukin-1 frommacrophages couldnotbeblocked bypreincubation withcholesterol, while themembrane-damaging ability could beblocked bycholesterol. Thedissociation oftheblocking effects ofcholesterol suggests thatthe interleukin-1-inducing ability ofLLO may bedistinct fromitsmembrane-damaging ability.
Characterization of TLR expression in Staphylococcus aureus induced mastitis in mice model by probe based real time PCR

Staphylococcus aureus infection of the bovine mammary gland can result in a spectrum of clinical outcomes ranging from acute to chronic and subclinical. A molecular understanding of the principles causing this is particularly important to eventually develop innovative strategies for prevention and treatment in mastitis. The present study characterized the temporal (2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48h) expression of 5 important toll like receptors (TLR 2, TLR 4, TLR 9, TLR 11 and TLR 12) induced by S. aureus intramammary inoculation (IMI) in established mice model employing probe based real time PCR (RT-PCR). S. aureus challenge provoked transcriptional expression of each of the 5 TLRs in a temporal manner with maximum expression at 8 h after IMI. S. aureus maximally altered the mRNA concentration of TLR 9 and TLR 12 (> 5 fold) over the PBS control. We found TLR2 to be weakly (1- to 2- fold) regulated by the S. aureus challenge in this study. This study emphasized the contribution of other TLRs besides the most commonly studied TLR 2 and TLR 4 in activating immune response by switching on several receptors mediated signalling cascades. This study sheds light into the diverse pathogen recognition receptor (PRR) mediated mechanisms involved in host pathogen interaction.
Reproductive behaviour of insects. Individuals and populations.

Individual perspectives on insect reproductive behaviour, Winston J.Bailey and James Ridsdill-Smith evolution of insect mating systems - the impact of individual selectionist thinking, John Alcock and Darryl T.Gwynne mate finding - selection on sensory cues, Winston J.Bailey host location and oviposition on animals, Paul W.Wellings host location and oviposition on plants, Rhondda E.Jones host location and oviposition in tephritid fruit flies, Brian Fletcher and Ron Prokopy host selection in the Heliothinae, Gary P.Fitt reproduction and host selection by aphids - the importance of "rendez-vous" hosts, Seamus A.Ward oviposition and the defence of brood in social wasps, J.Philip Spradbery competition in dung-breeding insects, James Ridsdill-Smith larval contribution to fitness in leaf-eating insects, Duncan Reavey and John H.Lawton.
Influence of matrix and fluid microenvironments on cancer cell migration, survival, and metastasis

Metastasis is the most common cause of lethality in patients with solid tumors. This complex cascade of events begins with invasion of local tissue by cancer cells of the primary tumor and eventually leads to dissemination of cancer cells through the bloodstream. In order to colonize a distant tissue, circulating cancer cells must first survive the physical stresses within the vasculature, and then traverse the endothelium, by a process called extravasation. After extravasation, colonized cancer cells face several additional challenges including proliferation in a nutrient-deprived microenvironment. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process by which cells lose their epithelial characteristics and gain a mesenchymal, often migratory phenotype. There is much evidence that EMT augments cancer cell invasion, however little is known about how mesenchymal cells interact with their microenvironment during metastasis. We investigated the migratory behavior of EMT-like cancer cells on different basement membrane constituents as well as in the presence of other cell types. We showed that ZEB1, a driver of EMT, regulates pro-migratory genes, resulting in cells which must coopt their matrix and cellular surroundings to elicit invasive migration. Additionally, we show that RNAi-mediated knockdown of ZEB1 results in significantly reduced anchorage-independent growth as well as metastatic colonization in mice. Thus, ZEB1 and EMT-states may facilitate both extravasation and survival of cancer cells in vivo. In experimental and clinical settings, metastasis is viewed as an inefficient process; of the many cancer cells which enter the bloodstream, very few go on to form secondary tumors. The events which contribute to this inefficiency are debated. A popular theory is that most cancer cells die in circulation, under hemodynamic shear forces. There is evidence, however, which challenges this paradigm. Direct analyses of the response of cancer cells to shear forces are lacking. Therefore, we designed an in vitro model of fluid shear stress, which allows high throughput analysis of various cell
Insect dispersal in fragmented agricultural landscapes

Dispersal is an important process for any organism, but especially for endangered species in fragmented landscapes. To enhance the dispersal of a certain species, connectivity measures are implemented, which require knowledge on the species’ dispersal behaviour and habitat. It is often assumed, that the preferred reproductive habitat of a species is also used as the main dispersal habitat. While this assumption has often been confirmed, there are also cases where it has been disproved. With a combination of a mark-resight study and genetic analysis conducted in a fragmented agricultural landscape in Switzerland, the dispersal habitats of the threatened damselfly Coenagrion mercuriale were analysed for different distance classes. Additionally, maximum dispersal distances were estimated. The mark-resight study detected movement over short distances (≤ 500m) mainly within the reproductive habitat of C. mercuriale (i.e. streams). In contrast, the genetic study detected both shortand long-distance dispersal. Shortdistance dispersal occurred along streams, and discontinuity of streams hindered dispersal. Long-distance dispersal was suggested to happen along more or less straight lines and crossing agricultural land. Genetic analysis also showed that populations were well connected and that few individuals dispersed over larger distances (≤ 4500 m). Our study showed that connected reproductive habitat enhanced short-distance dispersal in C. mercuriale. While short-distance dispersal occurred frequently, long-distance dispersal was rare, but important to connect more isolated populations. Therefore, it would be relevant to differentiate between these two dispersal types when planning connectivity measures.
Describing and understanding patient safety incidents in primary care dentistry and building consensus on never events

i Lay summary . v Declaration . vii Dedication . ix Acknowledgements . xi Table of contents. xiii List of tables . xix List of figures . xxi Abbreviations and key terms . xxiii Chapter 1 . Introduction . 1 1.1 Terms and concepts in patient safety . 2 1.1.1 Patient safety is a dimension of quality. 3 1.1.2 Measurement of error and harm . 5 1.1.3 Human error in healthcare . 6 1.1.3.1 Violation, malpractice and negligence . 8 1.1.4 System approach to error and harm in healthcare . 9 1.1.5 The Yorkshire Contributory Factors Framework. 11 1.2 Two decades of progress in secondary care . 12 1.2.1 United States . 13 1.2.2 United Kingdom . 14 1.2.2.1 Policies and strategic developments for improving patient safety . 15 1.2.2. 2 Incident reporting systems . 18 1.2.2.3 Professional compliance with regulations. 19 1.2.2.4 Education and training . 20 1.3 International response towards the prevention of patient safety incidents in secondary care . 21 1.4 International call to action to patient safety in primary care . 23 1.5 Patient safety in primary care dentistry . 24
Comparing the Performance of the Laryngeal Tube Suction with Cuffed Endotracheal Tube during General Anesthesia with Controlled Ventilation in Elective Surgeries : A Prospective, Block - Randomized, Single - Blinded, Parallel Group Trial

Introduction: Maintaining a safe airway in patients who are candidates for surgery and who are required to undergo general anesthesia is one of the most important duties of the anesthesiologist. This study was conducted to compare the performance of laryngeal tube suction (LTS) and endotracheal tube (ETT) in terms of leak and peak pressures, intubation time, peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SPO2), Endtidal CO2 (ETCO2) and perioperative complications. Methods: The prospective, block-randomized, single-blinded, parallel group trial was conducted on the 100 patients with ASA class 1 and 2 who were scheduled for the elective surgery under general anesthesia and volume-controlled ventilation. The convenience sampling and then, blocked randomization, were used to randomly assign the patients to two groups of LTS and ETT. Outcomes variables were intubation rate, ventilation quality, leak and peak pressures and complications. Data were analyzed using independent sample t-test and Chi-square test by SPSS-19. Results: The mean age of LTS and ETT group was 35.94±5.96 and 34.76±4.20 years, respectively, (P=0.25). The mean peak pressure in the LTS group (28.54±1.55 CmH2O) was significantly higher than in the ETT group (25.76±1.93 CmH2O), (P<0.001). The mean leak pressure in the LTS and ETT groups was 20.84±3.59 cmH2O and 18.16±2.5 CmH2O, respectively, (P<0.001). The time required for placement of LTS and ETT devices was 25.66±2.09 and 28.28±2.17 seconds (P<0.001). Both devices exhibited a good performance, and the difference between the two groups in terms of dysphonia and sore throat incidence rate was low and insignificant (P>0.05). Conclusion: LTS and ETT are highly effective devices for airway management and protection. Although peak and leak pressures were significantly higher in the LTS group, there was no significant difference between the two devices in terms of complications.
Crustacean muscles: atrophy and regeneration during molting.

The ultrastructural basis of atrophy of claw closer muscle of the land crab and the organization of myofibrils and sacroplasmic reticulum during the hydrolysis of protein that occurs during proecdysis was examined. The changes that occur in contractile proteins during claw muscle atrophy and the involvement of Ca/sup 2 +/-dependent proteinases (CDP) in myofilament degradation were investigated. (ACR)
The Effects of Temperate Phage on Streptococcus Pneumoniae During Colonization

The first step in the pathogenesis of bacterial pathogens is colonization of the host. During colonization, bacteria encounter host defenses, other commensal flora and selective pressures from lytic and temperate bacteriophage. Phages and bacteria have a long history of co-evolution, which has led to bacterial resistance mechanisms and phage counter-resistance mechanisms. One mechanism that phage have adapted is to provide a fitness advantage to the host during colonization and disease, thereby promoting survival of both bacteria and phages. Herein I examine how temperate phages affect streptococcal fitness while colonizing the host, specifically looking at the interactions between Streptococcus pneumoniae, phage element Spn1 and colonization of a murine nasopharynx. Temperate phages have been identified in the genomes of up to 70% of clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. How these phages affect the bacterial host during colonization has not been previously demonstrated. To ask this question, we used a clinical isolate, which carries a novel prophage Spn1. Spn1 was detected as integrated and episomal forms both in vitro and in vivo. Surprisingly, Spn1 also expresses both lytic and lysogenic genes during normal growth conditions. Since Spn1 could not be spontaneously cured, a clean deletion was made to create the Spn1strain. We used a competitive colonization assay in a murine model to test the fitness of the Spn1+ vs. the Spn1strain. The Spn1strain outcompeted the Spn1+ strain seventy-fold after seven days of colonization. To determine if Spn1 is causing a fitness defect by a trans-acting factor, we made an Spn1+ mutant that does not become an episome or express any phage genes. This mutant competed equally with the Spn1strain, indicating that the fitness defect required expression of phage genes. Further experiments interrogating autolysis, chain length and resistance to lysis by penicillin indicated differences in the cell wall physiology associated with the presence of Spn1. This change in cell wall physiology may be responsible for the fitness defect of Spn1+ strain during colonization. This study provides new insight into how bacteria and prophages can interact and how these interactions may impact the relationship between bacteria and the host. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Cell & Molecular Biology First Advisor Jeffrey N. Weiser
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DOS PACIENTES COM INSUFICIÊNCIA RENAL AGUDA DE UMA UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA SUBMETIDOS À HEMODIÁLISE

Os pacientes acometidos com Insuficiencia Renal Aguda (IRA) internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) tem mortalidade e perfil epidemiologico diferenciados dos pacientes internados em enfermarias . Objetivou-se com este estudo tracar o perfil dos pacientes com IRA submetidos a hemodialise. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal, retrospectivo de natureza quantitativa, com coleta de dados em prontuarios. A amostra foi obtida atraves da consulta de 37 prontuarios dos pacientes internados na UTI do Hospital do interior de Pernambuco no periodo de julho a dezembro de 2014. A faixa etaria predominante da populacao estudada foi de 65 anos (57%), sendo 62% do sexo masculino. As principais comorbidades foram o diabetes mellitus 48,64% e a hipertensao arterial 45,94%. Em relacao ao diagnostico de admissao a IRA foi mais prevalente com 37,83%, seguido pela doenca cronica renal agudizada com 21,62%. O tempo de permanencia no tratamento hemodialitico foi de 1 a 5 dias. Identificou que 57% dos pacientes nao apresentaram intercorrencia durante as sessoes de hemodialise, enquanto que 43% apresentaram, sendo a hipotensao arterial a intercorrencia prevalecente (68,75%). A mortalidade da IRA dialitica se mostrou inferior a maioria dos estudos realizados desta natureza com indice de 35% sendo o Choque Cardiogenico e o Choque Septico as causas de obito que mais prevaleceram com 31% cada. Atraves dessas informacoes verificou a importância da enfermagem na prevencao da IRA e durante as sessoes dialiticas na identificacao de ocorrencias das complicacoes.
The Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Bovine Hepacivirus in China

Hepacivirus has been identified in cattle in Africa, Europe, and South America. In this survey of bovine hepacivirus (BovHepV) in 131 serum samples from Chinese cattle herds using RT-PCR, five of 131 sera were BovHepV positive, with the infection rate of 3.82%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the partial NS3 coding sequence showed that the BovHepV of the five positive samples clustered with other BovHepV but formed a separate branch. The results indicated that these new BovHepV represent emerging and novel strains. Further investigations are necessary to determine the epidemiology and viral pathogenesis of these BovHepV strains, as well as the potential threat to ruminant and livestock workers in China.
The role of AlgK in alginate biosynthesis by Pseudomonas aeruginosa : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Science in Microbiology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

Alginate is a polysaccharide produced by brown seaweeds and two bacterial genera Azotobacter and Pseudomonas. While seaweed alginate finds numerous industrial and medical applications, alginate produced by Azotobacter and Pseudomonas spp. , is important for cyst and biofim formation, respectively. A member of Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is the leading cause of death in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients. This pathogen over-produces alginate upon infection of the CF lung, protecting it from host immune responses and antibiotics while clogging up the patients’ airways leading to poor prognosis. Alginate biosynthesis occurs in four stages: (1) precursor synthesis in the cytoplasm (AlgA, D and C), (2) polymerisation at the inner membrane (Alg8 and Alg44), (3) periplasmic translocation and modification (AlgK, X, L, G, I, J and F), and (4) secretion (AlgE) across the outer membrane. The latter three stages are facilitated by a putative multi-protein complex spanning the entire envelope fraction. Currently, it is unknown how this complex is assembled and the roles certain components of the complex play in alginate biosynthesis are not clear. The periplasmic protein AlgK is a key component of this complex. This protein has multiple protein-protein interaction domains, suggesting that it could be critical for assembling functional alginate biosynthesis machinery. In the present study, an algK mutant was generated and used to determine the impact of AlgK’s absence on (i) alginate yield and size, and (ii) the stability of other components of the alginate biosynthesis machinery. This study demonstrates that AlgK is essential for polymerisation and is required for the stability of components involved in polymerisation (Alg44), translocation (AlgX), and secretion (AlgE). We also show that AlgK interacts with periplasmic AlgX but not with inner membrane Alg44 or outer membrane AlgE. Overall, this study sheds light on the role of AlgK in alginate production and the assembly of the alginate biosynthesis machinery.