Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Réseaux et signal : des outils de traitement du signal pour l'analyse des réseaux

Cette these propose de nouveaux outils adaptes a l'analyse des reseaux : sociaux, de transport, de neurones, de proteines, de telecommunications. Ces reseaux, avec l'essor de certaines technologies electroniques, informatiques et mobiles, sont de plus en plus mesurables et mesures ; la demande d'outils d'analyse assez generiques pour s'appliquer a ces reseaux de natures differentes, assez puissants pour gerer leur grande taille et assez pertinents pour en extraire l'information utile, augmente en consequence. Pour repondre a cette demande, une grande communaute de chercheurs de differents horizons scientifiques concentre ses efforts sur l'analyse des graphes, des outils mathematiques modelisant la structure relationnelle des objets d'un reseau. Parmi les directions de recherche envisagees, le traitement du signal sur graphe apporte un eclairage prometteur sur la question : le signal n'est plus defini comme en traitement du signal classique sur une topologie reguliere a n dimensions, mais sur une topologie particuliere definie par le graphe. Appliquer ces idees nouvelles aux problematiques concretes d'analyse d'un reseau, c'est ouvrir la voie a une analyse solidement fondee sur la theorie du signal. C'est precisement autour de cette frontiere entre traitement du signal et science des reseaux que s'articule cette these, comme l'illustrent ses deux principales contributions. D'abord, une version multiechelle de detection de communautes dans un reseau est introduite, basee sur la definition recente des ondelettes sur graphe. Puis, inspiree du concept classique de bootstrap, une methode de reechantillonnage de graphes est proposee a des fins d'estimation statistique.
Proposal of guidelines for stroke units.

Stroke is among the leading causes of death and disability in the European countries and in the United States of America. Improvement has been made in acute pharmacological interventions aimed chiefly at acute reperfusion (thrombolysis), neuroprotection of brain tissue in the ischemic penumbra and acute secondary prevention (antiplatelet therapy and anticoagulation). In addition, it is important to recognize the progress made in the more practical aspects of acute stroke organization and management. In particular, the development of Stroke Units also represents an acute approach that has been shown to significantly reduce mortality and morbidity after acute stroke (1). These guidelines discuss the setting for Stroke Units and the evidence that Stroke Units, incorporating expert multidisciplinary stroke teams, improve outcome after stroke and reduce hospital-associated costs. A large amount of evidence is now available in the literature on the organization of Stroke Units. The following features of Stroke Unit will be discussed :
A classification algorithm for multi-classes based on SVM

Support vector machine (SVM) constructs an optimal hyperplane utilizing a small set of vectors near boundary. The proximal SVM is an extremely simple procedure to generate linear and nonlinear classifier based on proximity to one of two parallel planes that are separated as far as possible. However, when the two-class are very unbalanced, the proximal SVM tends to fit better the class with more samples and has higher error in fewer samples. Further more, this draw back exists in K-category classification by using one-from-the-rest (OFR) separation for each class. To solve the problem, an improved SVM algorithm is presented in this paper. Experimental results show that the novel approach is prior to the proximal SVM.
Neurodevelopmental expression and localization of the cellular prion protein in the central nervous system of the mouse

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are neurodegenerative disorders caused by PrPSc, or prion, an abnormally folded form of the cellular prion protein (PrPC). The abundant expression of PrPC in the central nervous system (CNS) is a requirement for prion replication, yet despite years of intensive research the physiological function of PrPC still remains unclear. Several routes of investigation point out a potential role for PrPC in axon growth and neuronal development. Thus, we undertook a detailed analysis of the spatial and temporal expression of PrPC during mouse CNS development. Our findings show regional differences of the expression of PrP, with some specific white matter structures showing the earliest and highest expression of PrPC. Indeed, all these regions are part of the thalamolimbic neurocircuitry, suggesting a potential role of PrPC in the development and functioning of this specific brain system. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:1879–1891, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modélisation d'essais de relaxation, de fluage et de torsion par la théorie de Hart

Les structures metalliques travaillant a hautes temperatures sont soumises a des contraintes elevees, pouvant entrainer la rupture du materiau a plus ou moins long terme. Il est donc interessant de connaitre les lois d'evolution des materiaux composant ces structures afin de prevoir, par exemple, les contraintes maximales d'utilisation ou la duree de vie d'une piece. A cet effet deux types de formalismes sont souvent utilises : 1) les methodes parametriques ; 2) les methodes basees sur les relations constitutives d'etat du materiau. Ce travail presente et developpe la theorie de Hart en s'appuyant sur de nombreux resultats relatifs a des materiaux de compositions et de structures metallographiques differentes. Cette extension de la theorie de Hart nous permet : 1) d'envisager une correlation entre les equations de Hart et les lois classiques de relaxation ou de fluage ; 2) de prevoir le taux de deformation plastique sans atteindre la rupture du materiau ; 3) d'introduire le parametre de Zener-Hollomon pour faciliter la construction de la courbe maitresse ; 4) d'elargir la validite de cette methode aux essais de torsion et d'extrusion. D'une maniere generale nous avons constate qu'il est possible d'appliquer cette theorie sans les precautions experimentales suggerees par Hart, que les energies d'activation deduites de ce formalisme sont comparables a celles trouvees par d'autres methodes, que les extrapolations sont meilleures.
Nonreciprocal exchanges of information between DNA duplexes coinjected into mammalian cell nuclei

We have examined the mechanism of homologous recombination between plasmid molecules coinjected into cultured mammalian cells. Cell lines containing recombinant DNA molecules were obtained by selecting for the reconstruction of a functional Neor gene from two plasmids that bear different amber mutations in the Neor gene. In addition, these plasmids contain restriction-length polymorphisms within and near the Neor gene. These polymorphisms did not confer a selectable phenotype but were used to identify and categorize selected and nonselected recombinant DNA molecules. The striking conclusion from this analysis is that the predominant mechanism for the exchange of information between coinjected plasmid molecules over short distances (i.e., less than 1 kilobase) proceeds via nonreciprocal homologous recombination. The frequency of homologous recombination between coinjected plasmid molecules in cultured mammalian cells is extremely high, approaching unity. We demonstrate that this high frequency requires neither a high input of plasmid molecules per cell nor a localized high concentration of plasmid DNA within the nucleus. Thus, it appears that plasmid molecules, once introduced into the nucleus, have no difficulty seeking each other out and participating in homologous recombination even in the presence of a vast excess of host DNA sequences. Finally, we show that most of the homologous recombination events occur within a 1-h interval after the introduction of plasmid DNA into the cell nucleus.
OFDM for optical wireless systems under severe clipping conditions

In this paper, we analytically model the impact of clipping and quantization for optical wireless communication systems which employ direct-current biased optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DCO-OFDM). Considering uniform quantization for both digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and analog-to-digital converter (ADC), analytical expression for signal-to-distortion-quantization ratio has been evaluated. A lower bound on required bit resolution for DAC/ADC, as a function of clipping ratio has also been determined for a target bit-error-rate (BER). Gain in modulation power at the output of the DAC under severe clipping conditions has been analytically evaluated. Furthermore, an iterative method for clipping mitigation is presented, which can be employed to relax the bit resolution required by the DAC, and further, to mitigate the clipping distortions.
Removal of Anionic Dye in Acid Solution by Self Crosslinked Insoluble Dendronized Chitosan

Insoluble Dendronized Chitosan (DCTS) was prepared to improve the adsorption capacity of chitosan (CTS) as well as to lower its solubility at lower pH for efficient removal of acid dye, Acid Blue 9 (AB 9) from aqueous solutions. Dendronized chitosan was prepared by grafting ‘dendrimer-like’ Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) onto CTS surface using Michael addition reaction followed by amidation reaction. The obtained CTS derivative became insoluble at any pH medium due to self inter- and intra-molecular cross linking during the reaction without any external crosslinker. The adsorption capacity of the CTS derivative was studied using batch method with respect to various parameters like, initial pH of the dye solution, initial dye concentration, adsorption temperature and adsorption time. The batch study showed that the adsorption capacity of CTS derivative increased many times than that of chitosan. From the adsorption kinetic study, it was found that the adsorption of dye molecule on the adsorbent surface obeyed pseudosecond- order kinetic instead of generally reported pseudo-first-order kinetic. Dsorbent surface obeyed pseudo-second-order kinetic instead of generally reported pseudo-first-order kinetic. The adsorption equilibrium showed that the Langmuir equation represented best fit of the experimental data than that of Freundlich equation. The desorbed DCTS could be reused for the adsorption of the acid dyes. The results in this study showed that DCTS may be an attractive candidate for removing anionic dyes from the wastewater.
Gp63 gene polymorphism and population structure of Leishmania donovani complex: influence of the host selection pressure?

The gp63 encoding genes were characterized by PCR–RFLP in 35 isolates representative of the Leishmania donovani complex (L. infantum, L. donovani, L. archibaldi and L. chagasi), with special attention to Mediterranean L. infantum from different geographical origins, and in separate groups from Old World Leishmania (L. major, L. tropica and L. aethiopica). The aim was to evaluate how the possible selective pressure by the host on these important surface proteins would influence structuring of our sample. Comparison was carried out with the structure obtained (i) from reported isoenzyme data, characters supposed to vary neutrally, and (ii) from PCR–RFLP analysis of gp63 inter-genic regions, containing non-translated spacers and regulatory genes. Polymorphism within the gp63-encoding region, was much higher than in gp63 inter-genic regions. In the gp63 intra-genic dendrogram, the 4 species of L. donovani complex were discriminated and quite distinct from outgroups. Within L. infantum, geographical structuring was observed and did not overlap with the structure built-up from isoenzymes and inter-genic data. These results support the idea of a strong host-selection on gp63, at vector level but most of all at vertebrate (human or dog) immunological level. Furthermore, they illustrate how the nature of genetic characters may influence the perception of population structuring.
A Comparative Analysis of the Phosphoinositide Binding Specificity of Pleckstrin Homology Domains*

Pleckstrin homology (PH) and phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domains are structurally related regulatory modules that are present in a variety of proteins involved in signal transduction, such as kinases, phospholipases, GTP exchange proteins, and adapter proteins. Initially these domains were shown to mediate protein-protein interactions, but more recently they were also found to bind phosphoinositides. Most studies to date have focused on binding of PH domains to phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns)-4-P and PtdIns-4,5-P2 and have not considered the lipid products of phosphoinositide 3-kinase: PtdIns-3-P, PtdIns-3,4-P2, and PtdIns-3,4,5-P3. Here we have compared the phosphoinositide specificity of six different PH domains and the Shc PTB domain using all five phosphoinositides. We show that the Bruton’s tyrosine kinase PH domain binds to PtdIns-3,4,5-P3 with higher affinity than to PtdIns-4,5-P2, PtdIns-3,4-P2 or inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (Ins-1,3,4,5-P4). This selectivity is decreased by the xid mutation (R28C). Selective binding of PtdIns-3,4,5-P3 over PtdIns-4,5-P2 or PtdIns-3,4-P2 was also observed for the amino-terminal PH domain of T lymphoma invasion and metastasis protein (Tiam-1), the PH domains of Son-of-sevenless (Sos) and, to a lesser extent, the PH domain of the β-adrenergic receptor kinase. The oxysterol binding protein and β-spectrin PH domains bound PtdIns-3,4,5-P3and PtdIns-4,5-P2 with similar affinities. PtdIns-3,4,5-P3 and PtdIns-4,5-P2 also bound to the PTB domain of Shc with similar affinities and lipid binding was competed with phosphotyrosine (Tyr(P)-containing peptides. These results indicate that distinct PH domains select for different phosphoinositides.
Influencia de los parámetros de un filtro de partículas en la solución al problema de SLAM

Resumen—En este articulo se realiza un analisis sobre los parametros mas significativos de un filtro de particulas en su aplicacion para la solucion del problema de SLAM. Se evaluan los resultados obtenidos en la creacion de un mapa visual mediante un robot movil. Un mapa visual esta formado por un conjunto de puntos significativos tridimensionales que pueden ser extraidos a partir de imagenes del entorno. En este trabajo, los puntos significativos mencionados se emplean a modo de landmarks que pueden ser detectadas desde diferentes distancias y puntos de vista, permitiendo la localizacion del robot. Se supone que el robot cuenta con un sensor de vision estereo que le permite detectar puntos significativos y obtener medidas relativas de distancia mientras se desplaza por el entorno. En
Health policy-makers' perceptions of their use of evidence: a systematic review

Objectives: The empirical basis for theories and common wisdom regarding how to improve appropriate use of research evidence in policy decisions is unclear. One source of empirical evidence is interview studies with policy-makers. The aim of this systematic review was to summarise the evidence from interview studies of facilitators of, and barriers to, the use of research evidence by health policy-makers. Methods: We searched multiple databases, including Medline, Embase, Sociofile, PsychLit, PAIS, IBSS, IPSA and HealthStar in June 2000, hand-searched key journals and personally contacted investigators. We included interview studies with health policy-makers that covered their perceptions of the use of research evidence in health policy decisions at a national, regional or organisational level. Two reviewers independently assessed the relevance of retrieved articles, described the methods of included studies and extracted data that were summarised in tables and analysed qualitatively. Results: We identified 24 studies that met our inclusion criteria. These studies included a total of 2041 interviews with health policy-makers. Assessments of the use of evidence were largely descriptive and qualitative, focusing on hypothetical scenarios or retrospective perceptions of the use of evidence in relation to specific cases. Perceived facilitators of, and barriers to, the use of evidence varied. The most commonly reported facilitators were personal contact (13/24), timely relevance (13/24), and the inclusion of summaries with policy recommendations (11/24). The most commonly reported barriers were absence of personal contact (11/24), lack of timeliness or relevance of research (9/24), mutual mistrust (8/24) and power and budget struggles (7/24). Conclusions: Interview studies with health policy-makers provide only limited support for commonly held beliefs about facilitators of, and barriers to, their use of evidence, and raise questions about commonsense proposals for improving the use of research for policy decisions. Two-way personal communication, the most common suggestion, may improve the appropriate use of research evidence, but it might also promote selective (inappropriate) use of research evidence.
Disruption of the checkpoint kinase 1/cell division cycle 25A pathway abrogates ionizing radiation-induced S and G2 checkpoints

Checkpoint kinase (Chk)1 is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase that was first identified in fission yeast as an essential component of the DNA damage checkpoint. In mice, Chk1 provides an essential function in the absence of environmentally imposed genotoxic stress. Here we show that human cells lacking Chk1 exhibit defects in both the ionizing radiation (IR)-induced S and G2 checkpoints. In addition, loss of Chk1 resulted in the accumulation of a hypophosphorylated form of the Cdc25A protein phosphatase, and Chk1-deficient cells failed to degrade Cdc25A after IR. The IR-induced S and G2 checkpoints were partially restored in Chk1-deficient cells when Cdc25A accumulation was interfered with. Finally, Cdc25A was phosphorylated by Chk1 in vitro on similar sites phosphorylated in vivo, including serine-123. These findings indicate that Chk1 directly phosphorylates Cdc25A during an unperturbed cell cycle, and that phosphorylation of Cdc25A by Chk1 is required for cells to delay cell cycle progression in response to double-strand DNA breaks.
Bromoanaindolone, a novel antimicrobial exometabolite from the cyanobacterium Anabaena constricta

A new brominated indole alkaloid, designated as bromoanaindolone, was isolated from culture media of the cyanobacterium Anabaena constricta and was identified as 6-bromo-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-indol-2-one with a slight excess of the (3R) enantiomer. The molecular structure was elucidated on the basis of IR, MS and NMR data. This extracellular metabolite of A. constricta possessed antimicrobial (anticyanobacterial and antibacterial) activity in different test systems, such as suspension and porous matrix tests.
ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF TEMPORAL AND LOCATIVE NP ADVERBIALS

Aoun (1985), Higginbotham (1985), Parsons (1991) and Streik (1992) have argued that temporal and locative adverbs possess various properties not shared by other adverbs. Aoun Claims that temporal and locative adverbs are referential, while other types of adverbs are not; Higginbotham and Parsons claim that temporal and locative adverbs are predicated of events, but other adverbs are not; and Stroik Claims that temporal and locative adverbs are head governed by verbs, whereas the other adverbs are not Because the above analyses focus exclusively on the linguistic similarities between temporal and locative adverbs, they give the impression that these adverbs do not possess significantiy dissimilar linguistic properties. Here, I debunk this impression, showing that there is at least one such property that differentiates temporal and locative adverbs: the distribution of temporal and locative NP adverbials. In this article, after demonstrating that temporal and locative NP adverbials distribute dilferently, I offer a predication-based explanation for their dissimilar distribution. I combine Rothstein's (1985) syntactic theory of predication and Safir's (1987) Predicate Principle with Ens's (1985) theory of temporal arguments and Stroik's (1990) theory that temporal adverbs are V-sisters at D-structure to argue that the distributions of temporal and locative NP adverbials diverge because these adverbials have different predicational statuses: temporal NP adverbials are (secondary) predicates, but locative NP adverbials are not. Further, I argue that, since NP predicates, according to Safir, need not be constrained by the visibility conditions that restrict non-predicate NPs, temporal NP adverbials, äs (secondary) predicates, have a wider distribution than do
Delayed projection neural network for solving degenerate quadratic program

A delayed projection neural network model is presented for solving degenerate quadratic programming problem with general linear constraints. By constructing suitable Lyapunov functions, the proposed neural network is proved to be global convergent to the equilibrium points set. Compared with the existing neural networks for solving strict convex quadratic program, the proposed delayed neural network for solving degenerate convex quadratic program has wider domain for implementation. The transient behavior of the neural network is simulated and the validity of the result obtained in this paper is verified with an illustrative example. Keywords-delayed neural networks; projection equation; quadratic optimization;global exponential stability; optimal solution (key words)
Increased gene expression of TGF‐β in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from renal transplant patients with polyomavirus BK viremia

We aimed to investigate the roles of cytokines during polyomavirus BK (BKV) reactivation in renal transplant patients. Forty‐eight renal allograft recipients were enrolled, and their sera BKV viral load and mRNA expression levels of cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were measured by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Patient's age and gene expression levels of interleukin (IL)‐2 (10.04 ± 2.63 vs. 8.70 ± 2.40, p = 0.049) and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β (12.58 ± 2.59 vs. 10.89 ± 1.91, p = 0.015) were significantly higher in BKV viremia (+) renal transplant patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age and mRNA expression levels of TGF‐β, but not IL‐2, significantly correlated with the presence of BKV viremia. Sera BKV viral loads showed a positive correlation with patient age and the levels of TGF‐β and IL‐6 mRNA. After adjusting for age and sex in the regression model, both age and TGF‐β mRNA levels maintained a significant positive association with sera BKV viral loads. Serum TGF‐β concentration tended to be higher in BKV viremia (+) patients (p = 0.079). In conclusion, expression levels of TGF‐β were found to correlate with both BKV viremia positivity and sera BKV viral loads in renal transplant patients.
FPGA based 1 channel fiber optic analog signal link using 8B/10B encoding scheme

The paper presents the details of development of the fiber optic link that will be used to interconnect the various analog signals. Speciality of the link is that the analog signal of frequency up to 1 kHz is transmitted through digital technology. In order to resolve the problem of DC balance and clock/data recovery during the fiber optic data transmission, paper gives a simple and practical solution of 8B/10B encoding and decoding techniques. The paper also gives the solution of clock and data recovery (CDR) by using the 4×-oversampling based digital techniques. The design of 8B/10B encoder has been implemented on transmitter and 8B/10B decoder in receiver module. This solution gives a method of checking scheme and logic operation, through VHDL description language. The proposed circuit is simulated in Xilinx 14.2 ISE tool and implemented on Spartan 3E FPGA. The results obtained from the various tools are presented in this paper. For analog signal link, paper gives the interfacing of analog to digital convertor (ADC) with FPGA in transmitter module and digital to analog convertor (DAC) with FPGA in receiver module.