Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Germination and morphology of progeny from controlled pollinations of Eucalyptus nitens (Deane & Maiden) Maiden

The germination and morphology of progeny from interspecific and intraspecific controlled pollinations on Eucalyptus nitens mothers were examined. All interspecific hybrids were morphologically intermediate overall with respect to parental controls, as determined by discriminant function analyses. Single univariate characters displayed additive inherit- ance on 72% of the 154 occasions where differences amongst hybrids and parents were significant. The degree of dominance of characters is discussed. Compared with outcrossing, self-fertilisation resulted in lower seed viability and a higher incidence of abnormality and mortality in developing E. nitens seedlings. Outcrossed progeny were generally distinctly different from appropriate parental controls. Reciprocal crosses were very similar, indicating no observable maternal effects.
Conditional Entropy and Data Processing: An Axiomatic Approach Based on Core-Concavity

This work presents an axiomatization for entropy based on an extension of concavity called core-concavity. We show that core-concavity characterizes the largest class of functions for which the data-processing inequality holds, under the assumption that conditional entropy is defined as a generalized average. Also, under the same assumption, we show that data-processing and “conditioning reduces entropy” properties are equivalent. We prove several properties of core-concave functions, including generalization of perfect secrecy and of Fano’s inequality. We also show that definitions of conditional entropy based on worst-case can be retrieved as limit cases of generalized averages. A connection between statistical decision making and this axiomatic approach is also presented.
Binding of aflatoxin B1 by probiotic bacteria

The ability of six probiotic bacteria to bind a common food carcinogen, aflatoxin B1, was assessed. The studied strains included Lactobacillus strains and one Bifidobacterium strain. The strains were incubated in vitro with alfatoxin B1 and the toxin residue in the supernatant was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. The aflatoxin-binding capacity of the strains was found to range from 5.8 to 31.3%. The results further support the observation that a number of probiotic bacteria are able to bind specific dietary contaminants. Although the extent of binding varies depending on the bacterial strain used, the data may explain some of the antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effects of probiotic micro-organisms. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
A dual-polarized cavity-backed Vivaldi antenna with simple feeding structure for telemetry system application

ABSTRACT This paper proposes a dual-polarized cavity-backed Vivaldi antenna with wide bandwidth for telemetry system. The designed dual-polarized antenna is composed of two orthogonal printed dipole antennas, and each polarized antenna is fed by Non-Coplanar Strip line. A wideband Balance to Un-balance transformer (Balun) is employed to connect the input microstrip transmission line with the antenna Vivaldi radiator. The designed feeding structure makes the two antenna substrates to be directly mounted and the occlusion problem is resolved, and the port isolation is also improved. A cylindrical metal cavity is introduced to enhance the radiation pattern and efficiency. The dual-polarized antenna can be operated in the frequency band of 1.9–2.5 GHz, which covers the band frequencies of the designed telemetry system. The simulated results through the full-wave electromagnetic simulation technique show that the gains of two polarization ports are higher than 6.9 dBi at central frequency. A prototype with dual linear polarization has been fabricated for validation. Both the simulation and measured results show that the proposed antenna has a bandwidth of 27% when the voltage standing wave ratio is less than 2 with desirable directional radiation patterns as well as high isolation better than −25 dB between the two input ports. The antenna scheme proposed in this paper is suitable for the telemetry system application.
Use of Starches and Milk Proteins in Microencapsulation

Whey milk proteins and starches are important sources of wall materials applied in spray-drying, extrusion, and molecular inclusion microencapsulation processes commonly used in food and medicine manufacturing. The objective is protect active components, including aroma, color, and flavor, during processing and packaging. In these processes, sensitive components are coated in, or protected by, wall materials that improve handling and application and increase the shelf-life of core materials. Whey milk proteins and starches may be able to replace the common wall material arabic gum and could be used alone or in mixes to improve their characteristics and specific applications in microencapsulation.
Conservation planning in an agricultural landscape: the case of Sharpe's Longclaw

Lens, L. , Muchai, M. , Bennun, L.A. & Duchateau, L. 2000. Conservation planning in an agricultural landscape: the case of Sharpe's Longclaw. Ostrich 71 (1 & 2): 300–303. We studied the distribution and habitat use of Sharpe's Longclaw, Macmnyx sharpei, a Kenyan montane grassland endemic, in a fragmented agricultural landscape at two spatial scales. Monthly counts in a fixed number of plots selected in contrasting habitat types provided insight in the species' distribution in relation to the available habitat. Simultaneously, focused ecological work in a smaller area provided information on its behaviour, movements and habitat choice, and allowed us to interpret the wider distribution patterns in a biologically meaningful way. Sharpe's Longclaw occurs only in grasslands, not in cultivated fields or plantations of exotic trees. It prefers short grassland with a well-developed tussock structure, apparently because tussocks provide good cover while foraging and nesting. However, as tussock grass is unpalatable to livestock, this grassland type is being ploughed up, re-seeded and converted to cultivation at an alarming rate, and the remaining patches are becoming ever more isolated from each other. Although only limited information on the species' population dynamics and dispersal ability is available, there is a clear need to conserve and manage the remaining natural grassland habitat. Since most of the land within the species' distribution range is privately owned, keeping viable populations of Sharpe's Longclaw may be extremely difficult.
Estudio histológico e histoquímico de la organogénesis del tubo digestivo de Rhamdia quelen en condiciones de larvicultura intensiva

The development and the chronological differentiation of the digestive tract in Rhamdia quelen larvae were histologically studied from hatching up to 20 days post-hatch (dph) with 530 accumulated thermal units (ATU). Larvae were kept under intensive larviculture conditions and fed with Artemia nauplii. The anatomical and histological differentiation of the digestive tract was an asynchronous process with an undifferentiated straight tube at 1 dph (4.87 mm). Whereas, at the onset of feeding it was organized into four different histological regions: oropharyngeal cavity, oesophagus, incipient stomach and intestine. At 15 dph (397.5 ATU), the organization was similar to that found in adults. At hatching, taste buds were observed in barbels and oropharyngeal cavity, distributed among a stratified epithelium with mucous cells. A stratified epithelium with mucous cells secreting neutral and acid mucopolysaccharides was observed in the esophagus at the onset of feeding. In the stomach, gastric glands became visible between 8-10 dph (212 a 265 ATU), being entirely active at 20 dph. On the first day of life, the intestine showed a simple columnar epithelium without evident characteristics of absorptive activity, whereas 4 dph (106 ATU) microvilli on the apical region and a significant accumulation of intracytoplasmic lipid and protein in the anterior and posterior intestine were observed, respectively. In the intestine, the mucous cells were acid and neutral, being both types of cells most abundant in the distal region. Histological results indicate that R. quelen larvae are able to efficiently digest and absorb food from the first days of life.
Aurora-A Regulation of Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling by Phosphorylation of IκBα

The Aurora-A/STK15 gene encodes a kinase that is frequently amplified in cancer. Overexpression of Aurora-A in mammalian cells leads to centrosome amplification, genetic instability, and transformation. In this study, we show that Aurora-A activates nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) via IκBα phosphorylation. Inhibition of endogenous Aurora-A reduces tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)–induced IκBα degradation. We analyzed primary human breast cancers, and 13.6% of samples showed Aurora-A gene amplification, all of which exhibited nuclear localization of NF-κB. We propose that this subgroup of patients with breast cancer might benefit from inhibiting Aurora-A. We also show that down-regulation of NF-κB via Aurora-A depletion can enhance cisplatin-dependent apoptosis. These data define a new role for Aurora-A in regulating IκBα that is critical for the activation of NF-κB–directed gene expression and may be partially responsible for the oncogenic effect of Aurora-A when the gene is amplified and overexpressed in human tumors. [Cancer Res 2007;67(4):1689–95]
Temperature Related Growth Patterns In Amblystegium riparium1

Freshly collected Amblystegium riparium (Hedw.) B.S.G. plants were grown submersed at various temperatures ranging from 6 to 330C. Peak growth rates occurred at 230C and death at 330C. Response curves for main axis elongation, lateral branch formation, branch elongation and reproductive branch formation differed in shape, and elongation rates changed over time. Lateral branch growth of branches initiated later was lower than growth of branches initiated earlier in the experiment. High temperature stress resulted in a proliferation of branches. Branch and main axis apices appeared to be the most heat resistant parts of the plants. Amblystegium riparium (Hedw.) B.S.G. (Leptodictyum riparium (Hedw.) Warnst. ) is typically found submerged in streams but can grow on wet soils. The type specimen was collected in the Thames River, England, and the species is found widely distrib- uted in the United States (Grout, 1928; Lawton, 1971). Taxonomic relationships of Amblystegium riparium were investigated by Conard (1959). Ecological relationships have received little attention, other than what may be found in floristic studies. An interesting ecological phenomenon in relation to this moss was observed in the Al- exandra Botanic Garden located at Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts. Am- blystegium riparium grows abundantly in a small artificial stream which extends ca. 400 m within the botanical garden; however the moss is found only in the upper 200 m of the stream. The stream, fed by well water from a stand pipe at the stream origin, was constructed in a naturalistic style with alternating pools, riffles and small (10-20 cm) water falls. The latter habitats, formed by rocks anchored in the cement bottom, are the most common location at which the moss may be found. Since the stream channel is sealed by cement there are no differences in substrate which can explain the lack of the moss in the lower section of the stream. Many sites exist in the lower section which are similar in exposure and current velocity to sites supporting moss growth in the upper section. While biotic factors such as competition can not be excluded as having a role in preventing growth of the moss in the lower section, the distribution patterns of other organisms do not form convincing evidence that such factors are highly important. Since the stream has only one source of water and flows only a short distance, one would suspect that abiotic factors, such as water chemistry, would be relatively con- stant. An analysis of 20 chemical parameters demonstrated little difference in water chemistry. Two factors were discovered which did change significantly along the stream, carbon dioxide concentrations and temperature. This paper represents prelim-
Realizing Constant Current and Constant Voltage Outputs and Input Zero Phase Angle of Wireless Power Transfer Systems With Minimum Component Counts

In both normal and fast wireless electric vehicle charging systems, constant current/constant voltage (CC/CV) charging profile, regardless of the variation of the battery state of charge, is one of the most essential characteristics to ensure the battery performance and reliability. The input zero phase angle (ZPA) is able to minimize the system volt-ampere rating, enhance the power transfer capability, and make it easy to achieve soft-switching operation over the full range of battery charging profile. Therefore, the load-independent CC and CV output characteristics with ZPA conditions are necessary for wireless charging systems. However, the existing methods that can achieve these functions either add power switches or need a large number of compensation components, which make the system inefficient, uneconomical, and bulky. In this paper, a unified resonant tuning configuration with minimum passive component counts is proposed to achieve CC and CV outputs at two ZPA operating frequencies. According to the proposed configuration, all the possible inductive power transfer (IPT) and capacitive power transfer (CPT) topologies are analogized. With these topologies, both CC and CV outputs with ZPA are achieved using a minimum number of compensation components and no additional power switches. Among all the simplest IPT topologies, a primary Series-secondary Series and Parallel (S-SP) compensation topology is illustrated to demonstrate the analysis.
Identification of Characteristic Vibration Signal Parameters During Transport of Fruit and Vegetable

The occuring vibrations during the transport of fruit and vegetables contributes to damage and accelerates their deterioration. In order to protect transported products against negative changes caused by vibrations during transport, it is necessary to know the values of these vibrations. The article presents the identified characteristic parameters of the vibration signal during transport of fruit and vegetables. The experimental investigations of the actual mechanical loads were carried out on various roads during transport by selected vehicles. Vibration spectra that represented the relation between the acceleration amplitudes and the vibration frequencies were obtained and analyzed. The vibration spectral analysis identified characteristic repetitive values of vibration signal parameters.
Second generation bioenergy crops and climate change: a review of the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 and drought on water use and the implications for yield

Second‐generation, dedicated lignocellulosic crops for bioenergy are being hailed as the sustainable alternative to food crops for the generation of liquid transport fuels, contributing to climate change mitigation and increased energy security. Across temperate regions they include tree species grown as short rotation coppice and intensive forestry (e.g. Populus and Salix species) and C4 grasses such as miscanthus and switchgrass. For bioenergy crops it is paramount that high energy yields are maintained in order to drive the industry to an economic threshold where it has competitive advantage over conventional fossil fuel alternatives. Therefore, in the face of increased planting of these species, globally, there is a pressing need for insight into their responses to predicted changes in climate to ensure these crops are ‘climate proofed’ in breeding and improvement programmes. In this review, we investigate the physiological responses of bioenergy crops to rising atmospheric CO2 ([Ca]) and drought, with particular emphasis on the C3Salicaceae trees and C4 grasses. We show that while crop yield is predicted to rise by up to 40% in elevated [Ca], this is tempered by the effects of water deficit. In response to elevated [Ca] stomatal conductance and evapotranspiration decline and higher leaf–water potentials are observed. However, whole‐plant responses to [Ca] are often of lower magnitude and may even be positive (increased water use in elevated [Ca]). We conclude that rising [Ca] is likely to improve drought tolerance of bioenergy crop species due to improved plant water use, consequently yields in temperate environments may remain high in future climate scenarios.
Theoretical study of Isoxazoles and their derivatives for evaluating its pharmaceutical properties with density functional theory

Isoxazoles and their derivatives extracted from natural sources are limited in numbers. The isoxazole compounds and their derivatives have many importance in pharmaceutical industries like work as anti -tumor, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, antifungal and antimicrobial agents. Therefore, this research work was focused to design the isoxazoles and their derivatives which have strong medicinal and pharmaceutical activities with computational chemistry. During this research work, UV/Visible absorption spectra of isoxazole and their derivatives were estimated for analyzing its absorption properties. Herein current simulation analysis different functionals of density functional theory like B3LYP, CAMB3LYP, WB97XD and MPW1PW91 with 6-31G (d,p) basis set were employed for calculating energy gap (Eg) between highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital states at ground state level. The calculated result reveals that our designed molecules have better pharmaceutical activities and can be use as anti-bacterial, antifungal and antimicrobial agents. Copy rights: © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Sift Desk Journals Group This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Theoretical study of Isoxazoles and their derivatives for evaluating its pharmaceutical properties with density functional theory Journal of Computational Chemistry & Molecular Modeling (ISSN: 2473-6260) DOI: 10.25177/JCCMM.4. 3.RA. 10623 Research U. Ali, M. Shoaib et al. ——————————————————————————————————————————————————– WWW.SIFTDESK. ORG 416 Vol-4 Issue-3 SIFT DESK
Student Attention in the Modern Classroom: An Eye‐Tracking Field Study

Multitasking, commonly perceived to be a method of increasing productivity and maximizing time, is increasingly commonplace among student populations. However, considering recent work examining split attention and the cognitive demands of multitasking behaviour, multitasking is negatively associated with several key learning outcomes in laboratory environments such as information retention, comprehension and academic performance. To better characterize multitasking behaviours in modern classrooms, a field study was conducted using self‐reported student data coupled with gaze behaviour on attention during lectures. Specifically, this study contrasts graduate (GS) and undergraduate (UGS) students’ self‐assessments to in‐class attention to explore whether students are self‐aware of multitasking behaviours.
Integral reinforcement learning solutions for a synchronisation system with constrained policies

A class of the differential games is considered where the agents employ constrained control strategies, and the mutual interactions between the agents are restricted by an undirected graph topology. The dynamical behaviour of the agents and the applied control policies are evaluated using local non-linear performance indices. The solution of the differential game is obtained via a game-theoretic mathematical framework based on adaptive integral reinforcement learning (IRL) schemes. The constrained optimality conditions for the graphical game are found using Bellman's optimality principles. It is demonstrated that, solving the game's coupled IRL-Bellman optimality equations with constrained control policies yields a Nash equilibrium solution. Online adaptive learning solutions are developed using value iteration processes and means of the adaptive critics. Neural network structures are adopted to approximate the constrained optimal control strategies and the respective optimal value functions for each agent in a distributed fashion. The robustness of the proposed solutions is tested using uncertain dynamical learning environment and graph with large time-varying deviations in the connectivity weights.
An Overview of Electric Machine Trends in Modern Electric Vehicles

Electric machines are critical components of the drivetrains of electric vehicles. Over the past few years the majority of traction drive systems have converged toward containing some form of a permanent magnet machine. There is increasing tendency toward the improvement of power density and efficiency of traction machines, thereby giving rise to innovative designs and improvements of basic machine topologies and the emergence of new classes of machines. This paper provides an overview of present trends toward high specific power density machines for traction drive systems. The focus will be on current technology and the trends that are likely to be pursued in the near future to achieve the high specific power goals set for the industry. The paper discusses machines that are applied in both hybrid and battery electric drivetrains without distinction and does not discuss the associated power electronic inverters. Future electric machine trends that are likely to occur are also projected.
Plant Biotechnology of Flavonoids

Flavonoids, including anthocyanins are ubiquitous compounds constituting about 5-10% of the known secondary metabolites imparting vivid floral, seed and foliage colors in plants ranging from bryophytes to angiosperms. Plants are specialized in synthesizing and accumulating specific combinations of flavonoids out of a pool of about 5000 known flavonoids implying their adaptive functions. The flavonoid pathway has been well characterized in a few select plants. The genetic and molecular analysis revealed that the pathway is governed by a number of loci dispersed across the plant genome and regulated by distinct regulatory gene families in a temporal and spatial manner. With the rapid growth in molecular and biochemical characterization of the genes and their products it has now become possible to precisely elucidate the role of flavonoids in plant survival. Flavonoids have been implicated in diverse functions such as UV-B protection, signal molecules in plant-microbe symbiotic associations, plant defense response, cold stress response, modulators of hormone response and pollen fertility. In addition, the role of flavonoids as very powerful dietary anti-oxidant supplements in human nutrition is increasingly demonstrated. The review highlights certain structural and functional aspects of flavonoids particularly their role in stress response. Further, recent advances in application of biotechnology tools to manipulate flavonoid pathway in different plants has been described. Flavonoid genes as benign and visible reporters of plant origin in transformation experiments appears to be promising. Studies on transgenic plants carrying genetically engineered flavonoid genes leading to the accumulation of flavonoids by sense over-expression or decrease or elimination by anti-sense suppression respectively, have been used to manipulate plants defense response against bacterial and fungal diseases. Flavonoid biotechnology has become a powerful tool to manipulate flower color in horticulture industry. This review critically evaluates various functions of flavonoids and describes specific instances and strategies of biotechnological manipulation to improve plant performance and value addition.