Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The time taken by cows to eat concentrates

The investigation was designed to measure the time taken to eat concentrate foods and to determine whether the type and quantity of food, the age of the cow, the length of time between feeds and the eating habits of the cow influence consumption rate. The data indicate that the main factor affecting eating time is the quantity eaten. Within the range of 2 to 8 Ib. , the larger the ration the faster the rate of eating. Further, the data show that up to 20 Ib. of concentrates can be consumed per cow per day in a parlour without any check in the faster rate of eating recorded when the higher levels of concentrates are offered. The type of concentrate is also important: cubes are eaten faster than meal. There are considerable variations between cows in the time taken to eat. The results of this investigation did not show any obvious effects on the time of eating of breed of cows, position of manger, nor of the length of interval between bulky and concentrate rations. Graphs relating the eating times of cows with the times available for eating in parlours are shown, and these can be used for reference on farms in parlour planning.
Competitive Organizational Behavior: Toward an Organizationally‐Based Theory of Competitive Advantage

Strategy implementation scholars have traditionally focused their attention on behavioral and social phenomenc in a firm that enable it to both choose and implement its strategies. Unfortunately, some of this work has assumed that it is possible to study strategy implementation independent of the content of a firm's strategies, and independent of the particular competitive context within which a firm operates. Recent developments in the resource-based view of the firm reaffirm the importance of studying the strategic consequences of behavioral and social phenomena within a firm, but suggest that separating this work from the content of strategy, or from the competitive context of a firm, is inappropriate. The papers in this special issue focus on important behavioral and social phenomena in a firm (e.g., organizational behavior), but do so in an explicit competitive context (e.g., competitive organizational behavior).
Pulp Capping Materials Alter the Toxicity and Oxidative Stress Induced by Composite Resins in Dental Pulp Culture

Objective: Direct pulp capping involves covering exposed pulp to preserve its viability. Calcium hydroxide materials have traditionally been the most commonly used pulp capping compounds; however, they can be toxic, and their success rate in pulp capping is variable. Recently, the compound mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has gained wide use for pulp capping. One advantage of MTA is its low toxicity. However, the effects of MTA and calcium hydroxide compounds on the toxicities of other dental materials have not been tested. The aim of this study is to determine whether different pulp capping materials can alter the toxicity of composite restoration materials. Methods: We used cultured human dental pulp cells to test the toxicities of the calcium hydroxide pulp capping material Dycal and MTA. We then tested the abilities of these compounds to alter the toxicity of the composite materials Durafill and Flow Line and to induce oxidative stress. Results: As expected, Dycal demonstrated toxicity, while MTA did not. However, when cells were exposed to subtoxic amounts of Dycal or MTA, then exposed to Durafill or Flow Line, changes in the composite materials induced toxicity. Treatment with Dycal had no effect on the toxicity of Durafill, but significantly attenuated the toxicity of Flow Line; meanwhile, MTA significantly enhanced the toxicity of Durafill but had no effect on the toxicity of Flow Line. Early changes in oxidative stress were correlated with later changes in cell death. Statistical calculations were performed using one-way ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni t-test. P-values <0.05 were considered to indicate significant differences. Conclusion: The results suggest that when choosing a pulp capping material, one factor that should be considered is the impact of that compound on the toxicity of the composite material used for restoration.
Establishment of an Animal Model for Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice Using Monocrotaline

A preliminary attempt at experimental induction of pulmonary fibrosis in which male ICR mice received 15 weekly sc injections of 200 or 100 mg/kg monocrotaline (MC) revealed that most animals treated with the larger dose died of severe interstitial pneumonia, whereas those given 100 mg/kg exhibited only relatively slight lung injury. Based on these results, male mice were administered sc injections of 200 and 100 mg/kg MC once a week for 9 and 18 times, respectively, and then maintained without any further treatment until week 28 after the start. Mice treated with 200 mg/kg MC showed severe pulmonary damage and died by week 25. Mortalities also occurred in the 100-mg group from week 16, with 11 of 40 animals surviving at the termination of the experiment. Histologically, both dose groups demonstrated severe interstitial pneumonia and/or pulmonary fibrosis. Ultrastructurally, inflammatory edema possibly attributable to injuries of alveolar capillary endothelial cells was observed in the high-dose group at week 8, and there was a remarkable increase in collagen fibers in alveolar septa in this group thereafter. The present study results suggest that lung injuries induced by MC treatment progress to irreversible lung fibrosis and that this animal model may have advantage for studying the pathogenesis of lung cancers in patients with pulmonary fibrosis.
A young binary Brown Dwarf in the R-CrA star formation region

We present imaging and spectroscopic observations with HST (WFPC2, ACS/HRC and STIS), VLT (FORS2) and Keck (HIRES) of the dM 8 ultra-cool dwarf DENIS-P J185950.9-370632, located in the R-CrA region. The presence of lithium absorption at 670.8 nm and the strong Hα emission indicate a young age and a sub-stellar mass. Our diffraction-limited images resolve a companion at the separation limit of HST/ACS (∼0. 06). The 2.1 mJy flux in the LW2 filter (5.0−8.5 µm) of the Infrared Space Observatory (Olofsson et al. 1999) likely corresponds to an infrared excess, suggesting the presence of circumstellar material. Proper motion and photometric measurements, as well as the Hα activity, confirm membership in the R-CrA star forming region. If confirmed by further observations, DENIS-P J185950.9-370632 would be the first accreting sub-stellar multiple system observed to date.
An integrated vendor-buyer inventory model with defective items and partial backlogging

This paper investigates the integrated vendor-buyer inventory model in which each buyer's arrival order lot contains a random proportion of defective items and the lead-time demand in the market has a normal distribution. The inspection strategy adopted here is that the buyer inspects all the items before selling, allowing defective items to be discovered and returned to the vendor. We formulated an integrated vendor-buyer inventory model with partial backlogging, in which the order quantity, reorder point and the number of shipments from the vendor to the buyer are decision variables. An algorithm was developed to obtain the optimal production and inventory strategy. Furthermore, the affect of parameters on the optimal solution is also discussed.
Organisational Pressure on Quality-of-worklife of Women in Tertiary Institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria

An approach to motivation in the contemporary world of work is the implementation of Quality-of-Worklife (QWL) programmes, which is aimed at easing the pressures faced at work by employees. Quality-of-Worklife is a philosophy of improving productivity by providing workers with the opportunities required to put in their best at work, without jeopardizing their personal self improvement and responsibilities at home. The effectiveness of organisational factors and QWL programmes in the Nigerian tertiary institutions is under-researched. This study, therefore, investigates the organisational pressure on Quality-of-Worklife of women in tertiary institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria. It is a survey of the ex-post facto type. 3,640 senior cadre women working in the four purposively selected degree awarding institutions in Lagos State (University of Lagos, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos State University and Lagos State University Teaching Hospital) and their managers formed the population. Out of these, 1000 women and 19 managers were randomly selected as sample. A QWL survey and structured interview made up the instrument. Four hypotheses were tested at 0.05 significance level. There were significant differences among the institutions in the compliance to International Labour Organisation (ILO) conventions and in the Quality-of-Worklife of their women workers. Moreover, there were significant relationships between QWL and sources of pressure and QWL and organisational pressure. Factors such as salary, health-care benefit, day-care services, recognition, workload and others, influenced QWL of women. Government and management committees of the tertiary institutions should ensure the reduction of organisational pressure and promote high QWL of women workers, in other to improve on their productivity and promote organisational growth.
Male sexual dysfunction and quality of life in schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence and clinical correlates of sexual dysfunction in a sample of adult male outpatients with schizophrenia treated with olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine, or haloperidol, focusing on associations between sexual dysfunction and patient-perceived quality of life. METHOD Sexual dysfunction was assessed in 139 outpatients with DSM-IV schizophrenia who were receiving olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine, or haloperidol, but no other medications associated with sexual side effects. Structured assessments were made of psychiatric symptoms, quality of life, and relationships. RESULTS Sexual dysfunction occurred in 45.3% of patients. Patients with and without sexual dysfunction did not significantly differ with respect to severity of psychiatric symptoms. However, as compared with patients without sexual dysfunction, patients with sexual dysfunction reported significantly lower ratings on global quality of life (t = 2.4, df = 136, p = .02) and the level of enjoyment in their life (t = 2.5, df = 136, p = .01). Patients with sexual dysfunction were significantly less likely than those without sexual dysfunction to report having a romantic partner (17.5% vs. 43.4%; chi(2) = 10.7, df = 1, p = . 001), though they were not significantly less likely to report difficulty making friends (27.0% vs. 32.9%; chi(2) = 0.57, df = 1, p = . 45). Among patients with romantic partners, those with sexual dysfunction reported significantly poorer quality of their relationships (t = 2.3, df = 42, p = .02) and were less likely to talk to their partner about their illness (t = 2.0, df = 42, p = .047). CONCLUSIONS Sexual dysfunction is common in men with schizophrenia who are treated with olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine, or haloperidol and is associated with diminished quality of life, decreased occurrence of romantic relationships, and reduced intimacy when relationships are established. High prevalence and substantial interference with quality of life combine to make sexual dysfunction an important area for clinical assessment and appropriate intervention in the community management of schizophrenia.
Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Levels in Extreme Prematurity: Development of Reference Intervals

OBJECTIVES. Establishing pediatric reference intervals has always been challenging, with most ranges used in pediatric laboratories developed over many years. The clinical interpretation of gonadotropins is important in the context of ambiguous genitalia. The aim of this study was to develop reference intervals for luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in infants born between 24 and 29 weeks’ gestation. METHODS. Samples were collected at 0 to 43 days after birth from 82 premature infants born <30 weeks’ gestation for analysis of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone by automated immunochemiluminometric immunoassays. RESULTS. The 43 male infants demonstrated a range of luteinizing hormone levels from 0.1 to 13.4 IU/L and of follicle-stimulating hormone levels from 0.3 to 4.6 IU/L. The 39 female infants demonstrated a range of luteinizing hormone levels from 0.2 to 54.4 IU/L and of follicle-stimulating hormone levels from 1.2 to 167.0 IU/L. The ratio of luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone levels differed with males, ranging from 0.3 to 9.4, and females, at <0.5. CONCLUSION. These data provide guidance for the interpretation of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels for the first 6 weeks of life in extremely premature infants born between 24 and 29 weeks’ gestation. The availability of age-appropriate reference intervals is essential for correct and timely interpretation of biochemical results to the clinician.
Maximizing the Utility of Customer Product Testing: Beta Test Design and Management

Abstract Many companies regularly use beta tests as part of their product development program. Beta testing can validate the product concept, eliminate performance problems prior to market introduction, and serve as an effective sales promotion device. The risks are significant, however, in that a poorly designed test can destroy account relationship, generate inaccurate data on product performance, and stimulate negative publicity. Robert Dolan and John Matthews present guidelines for effective management of beta test programs. They develop these guidelines based on a literature review, an analysis of twenty-one beta test programs as described in secondary sources, and four in-depth field investigations with cooperating firms.
Suppurative prostatitis in a German shepherd dog - a case report

The Suppurative prostatitis can arise at any age, but is more common in older dogs with benign prostatic hyparplasia, and uncommon in castrated dogs due to prostatic atrophy. The present case was Suppurative prostatitis in a German shepherd. A detailed clinical examination including per rectal digital examination of prostate, prostatic fluid cytology, clinic- haemato - biochemical evaluation and ultrasonography were carried out. Prostatic fluid cytology revealed presence of toxic neutrophills. Ultrasonographic examination of prostate revealed multifocal anechoic and hyperechoic areas in the prostatic parenchyma and both the kidneys were small, irregular with indistinct corticomedullary junction. Based on the above diagnostic techniques the condition was diagnosed as suppurative prostatitis. The increased serum creatinine value and ultarsonograaphic evaluation of kidneys revealed the presence of secondary renal failure. The case was not responded to the treatment and succumbed due to advanced renal failure.
Searching for a dynamic theory of the multinational enterprise: A transaction cost model

This paper constructs a transaction cost model that provides an explanation for the transition between two distinct governance modes for serving a foreign market; a wholly owned subsidiary and licensing. The paper initially outlines a single‐period model of the factors that influence a firm's choice of governance mode. The model is then extended, first to incorporate a temporal perspective and then a dynamic perspective. The completed model identifies organizational and environmental contingencies that shape dynamic multi‐period decision‐making for the choice of governance mode.
Introducing Scala-like function types into Java-TX

This paper considers the realisation of lambda expressions in Java 8 on the basis of a global type inference algorithm, which we have introduced in Java-TX. We demonstrate that the Java 8 approach has indeed some benefits but also a number of drawbacks. In order to eliminate the drawbacks, we take into consideration the approaches in a former experimental Java version (strawman approach) and in Scala. We show that an integration of these approaches eliminates the drawbacks without losing the benefits of the Java 8 approach. Additionally, we adapt our global type inference algorithm to this extended language.
A Novel Terminal Sliding Mode Control for the Navigation of An Under-actuated UUV

In this paper$we present a self-developed under-actuated Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (Hereinafter abbreviated as UUV). After analyzing the motion and actuating characteristics of the UUV, the maneuvering motion models are established in the horizontal plane and vertical plane separately. Considering the model parameter uncertainties and unknown environmental disturbances, the course and depth automatic operating controllers of UUV are designed respectively on the basis of the sliding mode variable structure control algorithm to overcome these problems. The stability of the presented control laws is proved in the sense of the Lyapunov stability theory. Simulations performed on the under-actuated UUV demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
European Liquidity: What Matters Most? A Factor Model Analysis

We study European liquidity by extracting factors from a dataset of macroeconomic and financial variables for 26 countries. Liquidity is driven by three factors, called monetary policy, credit supply and credit demand obtained from rotated factors, after imposing theoretical restrictions. Liquidity is also determined by using banking variables. Our three findings are: monetary policy is the main driver for liquidity, even if European liquidity is not determined by only one factor. The first liquidity factor from banking could be used as banking sentiment indicator. Finally, the focus of the monetary policy of the ECB has switched from macroeconomic to financial sector since the beginning of the financial crisis.
The Long-Term Variation of Trade Informativeness

This paper analyzes the time variation of the informativeness of trades for NYSE-listed stocks between 1998 and 2004. Trade informativeness is defined as the percentage of efficient price variance that is attributable to trades. The evidence suggests that trade informativeness was related to institutional buying and both uninformed and informed trading. The results indicate a positive relation between institutional buying and trade informativeness before Regulation Fair Disclosure and decimal pricing. After these events, the evidence is consistent with both a rise in uninformed trading and a fall in informed trading. Similar results are found for the period following the enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOA). While the decrease in informed trading may be a continuation of the decimalization effect, there is evidence pointing to a relation between uninformed trading and preceding-quarter institutional buying, a phenomenon that does not seem to be present before SOA.
Tactile sensor with 3-axis force and vibration sensing functions and its application to detect rotational slip

This paper concerns a new tactile sensor with both 3-axis force sensing and slip sensing functions. The first three axis force sensing is achieved with tactile heads, each of which is supported by three pressure sensing elements. The pressure sensing function is achieved with arrays of pressure transducers that measure a change in the contact resistance between a specially treated polyimide film and a resistive substrate. The slip sensing function is achieved through the use of a stress-rate sensor that responds to small-scale variations in a surface profile with roughness. Static and dynamic analyses of the new tactile sensor were made and compared with experimental results. Further experiments were conducted with an algorithm to detect rotational slip. <<ETX>>
Planar Hexa-Band Inverted-F Antenna for Portable Device Applications

This letter proposes an internal multiband inverted-F antenna (IFA) design for mobile device applications. The proposed antenna is comprised of a dual-band main inverted-F resonator and two parasitic elements to broaden the bandwidth. The operating bands are able to cover GSM900/DCS/PCS/UMTS2100/WiMAX /HIPERLAN2/IEEE802.11a/b/g. This work performs a simulation by HFSS to design the antenna and fabricates a practical structure. The measured data compared with the simulation results show good agreement. Since the occupied volume measures only 50 times 12 times 1.5 mm3, it is suitable for portable devices.
Normalization of subjective video test results using a reference test and anchor conditions for efficient model development

A set of five video subjective tests have been conducted for developing a video quality model. In this paper, we describe the prerequisites for merging the subjective tests results. In particular, we detail the use of a reference test and anchor conditions for normalizing the ratings. The reference test is designed and the anchor conditions selected so that they span a wide range of quality and contain all presumed perceptual dimensions present in the application domain of the model (IPTV). The anchor conditions are then used for normalizing the results of the tests, i.e. for mapping them to the ones of the reference test. Some non-anchor conditions are identical between at least two tests. The impact of using anchor conditions is thus evaluated by comparing the ratings of those identical conditions in terms of Pearson correlation and Root Mean Square Error. Since we used the test results for modeling video quality, the impact of using anchor conditions is further examined in terms of modeling performance.
Advances in Electronic-Nose Technologies for the Detection of Volatile Biomarker Metabolites in the Human Breath

Recent advancements in the use of electronic-nose (e-nose) devices to analyze human breath profiles for the presence of specific volatile metabolites, known as biomarkers or chemical bio-indicators of specific human diseases, metabolic disorders and the overall health status of individuals, are providing the potential for new noninvasive tools and techniques useful to point-of-care clinical disease diagnoses. This exciting new area of electronic disease detection and diagnosis promises to yield much faster and earlier detection of human diseases and disorders, allowing earlier, more effective treatments, resulting in more rapid patient recovery from various afflictions. E-nose devices are particularly suited for the field of disease diagnostics, because they are sensitive to a wide range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and can effectively distinguish between different complex gaseous mixtures via analysis of electronic aroma sensor-array output profiles of volatile metabolites present in the human breath. This review provides a summary of some recent developments of electronic-nose technologies, particularly involving breath analysis, with the potential for providing many new diagnostic applications for the detection of specific human diseases associated with different organs in the body, detectable from e-nose analyses of aberrant disease-associated VOCs present in air expired from the lungs.