Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determination of inorganic mercury using a polyaniline and polyaniline-methylene blue coated screen-printed carbon electrode

Inorganic mercury ions (Hg2+) in laboratory prepared solutions were determined with a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) coated with a polyaniline-methylene blue (PANI-MB) polymer layer. The structure and properties of the PANI-MB polymer layer were compared to that of normal polyaniline (PANI) in order to elucidate the structure of the PANI-MB layer. The electrically-conducting polymers were prepared by electrochemical polymerisation of monomer solutions of aniline, and mixed solutions of aniline with methylene blue onto respective screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses of the SPCE polymer coated electrodes have shown that nanostructured materials have formed with the diameters of the PANI nanoclusters and PANI-MB nanorods at approximately 200 nm. Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) was used to evaluate a solution composed of 1 × 10−6 M Hg2+, in the presence of the SPCE/PANI-MB polymer sensor electrode. The Hg2+ ions were determined as follows: (i) pre-concentration and reduction on the modified electrode surface and (ii) subsequent stripping from the electrode surface during the positive potential sweep. The experimental conditions optimised for Hg2+ determination included the supporting electrolyte concentration and the accumulation time. The results obtained have shown that the SPCE/PANI-MB polymer sensor electrode operates optimally at a pH 2, with the supporting electrolyte concentration at 0.5 M HCl. A linear calibration curve was found to be in the range of 1 × 10−8 M to 1 × 10−5 M Hg2+ after 120 s of pre-concentration. The detection limit was calculated and found to be 54.27 ± 3.28 µg L−1 of Hg2+. The results have also shown that a conducting polymer modified SPCE sensor electrode can be used as an alternative transducer for the voltammetric stripping and analysis of inorganic Hg2+ ions.
Web Design Basics for Educators

With free web design tools like Google Sites, Wix, Weebly, and Wordpress, you can create a class website, digital portfolio, blog, online course or tutorial, or another type of educational site with relative ease. However, there's more to designing a website than just putting together some text and multimedia on a page. If you want to create an educational website that enriches and amplifies learning, then this is the book for you! This book will help you learn how to build an educational website that is accessible, visually appealing, easy-to-navigate, easy-to-scan, and increases learning of the site content. The book features five chapters that cover the fundamental skills and knowledge you need for developing a website that educates, inspires, motivates, and/or empowers readers.
The Potential Use of Phytoremediation for Sites With Mixed Organic and Inorganic Contamination

Contaminated sites often contain a mixture of different organic and inorganic compounds that necessitate a more complex remediation process. The authors review the use of phytoremediation for both inorganic and organic substances and consider the evidence for the applicability of the use of plants for the remediation of mixed contaminant sites. The literature suggests that the interaction between plant and microbial communities within the rhizosphere is critical to remediation success and the use of diverse communities may further enhance this potential, but a specific understanding of function within the community is required before this can be achieved.
Aemass: A Self-Sustaining Robotic Swarm

—Aemass is a robotic organism that lives in a Petri Dish. It can eat food and excrete waste. If Aemass cannot eat food at a rate greater than or equal to the rate that it excretes waste Aemass will slowly shrink and then die; therefore, an unsustainable environment. Can we make this environment self-sustainable? If so, how? What if Aemass is really not an organism, but a swarm of robots. What emergent behaviours would it have?
Generalized stacking fault energy in body centered cubic iron

The energies of the generalized stacking faults in bcc iron are systematically evaluated by the molecular mechanics method with the Finnis-Sinclair potential as functions of two-dimensional relative displacement of one side of the two half- crystals in the directions parallel to the fault planes, where the {110} plane and the planes generated by rotation of the {110} plane about the � 111� , � 110� and � 001� axes are taken into account. The maximum value of the fault energies for the {110} plane is remarkably small compared with those for the other planes. The maximum energy on the fault energy line for the {110}� 111� slip system is the smallest among those on all minimum energy paths between two nearest equivalent points corresponding to perfect crystal on the fault energy surfaces for the currently analyzed planes. There is not inverse correlation between the maximum energy on the fault energy line for the specified slip system and the interplanar spacing of the considered slip system, although inverse correlation between the fault energy averaged on the crystallographic plane and its interplanar spacing can be observed.
Analysis of disinformation regarding the referendum on 1 October detected by Maldito Bulo

Resum Aquest article pren els fets succeïts al voltant del referèndum d’independència de Catalunya del dia 1 d’octubre de 2017 com a referència per fer una anàlisi sobre l’ús de la desinformació en un context de contenciós polític i un escenari d’alta polarització com a part d’una narrativa estratègica. A partir d’una proposta metodològica d’anàlisi, i aplicant-la a les desinformacions contrastades pel fact-checker Maldito Bulo, hem constatat que la desinformació té com a objectiu el descrèdit dels actors implicats, l’amplificació dels fets o bé la recerca d’adhesions als diferents argumentaris, i que el format de la desinformació és un element clau en el seu grau de difusió, així com la dificultat a l’hora de determinar amb exactitud l’impacte d’aquesta desinformació.
Nonequilibrium Lipid Domain Growth in the Gel−Fluid Two-Phase Region of a DC16PC−DC22PC Lipid Mixture Investigated by Monte Carlo Computer Simulation, FT-IR, and Fluorescence Spectroscopy

The nonequilibrium ordering dynamics of lipid domains in the gel−fluid coexistence region of an equimolar DC16PC−DC22PC lipid mixture has been studied by means of Monte Carlo computer simulation, fluorescence, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results reveal that the nonequilibrium phase separation process after a sudden temperature or pressure quench of the binary mixture from the one-phase fluid region into the two-phase gel−fluid coexistence region has a strong influence on the lateral membrane organization on different length scales. This is manifested as the formation of a heterogeneous lateral bilayer structure composed of long-living gel and fluid lipid domains characterized by a relaxation time on the order of hours. In the early time stage of the phase separation process a distinct local lipid structure of ordered DC16PC lipids is formed at the dynamically changing network of domain boundaries. Our combined theoretical and experimental investigations suggest that nonequilibrium eff.
Measurement of strain in InGaN/GaN nanowires and nanopyramids

The growth and optoelectronic properties of core-shell nanostructures are influenced by the strain induced by the lattice mismatch between core and shell. In contrast with planar films, nanostructures contain multiple facets that act as independent substrates for shell growth, which enables different relaxation mechanisms. In this study, X-ray diffraction data are presented that show that InGa1-N shells grown on GaN cores are strained along each of the facets independently. Reciprocal space maps reveal multiple Bragg peaks, corresponding to different parts of the shell being strained along the individual facet planes. The strained lattice constants were found from the positions of the Bragg peaks. Vegard's law and Hooke's law for an anisotropic medium were applied in order to find the composition and strain in the InGaN shells. A range of nanowire samples with different InGaN shell thicknesses were measured and it is concluded that, with an In concentration of around 30%, major strain relaxation takes place when the thickness reaches 23nm. InGaN shells of 6 and 9nm thickness remain nearly fully strained biaxially along each of the facets of the nanowires and the facets of the nanopyramids. (Less)
A Reverse Flow Reactor for Turbulence/Chemistry Interaction Studies

Abstract For the purpose of studying turbulence/chemistry infractions in a regime where the mean mixture fraction, ξ, is close to stoichiometric with fluctuations such that most of the mixture lies within the flammability limits, a reverse flow reactor (RFR) has been designed and developed to create a partially premixed flame with intense turbulent mixing. Al high turbulent mixing rates, where chemical kinetics effects on turbulent flame structure are significant, this flame can yield a bank of valuable data for testing and refinement of theoretical models. This preliminary investigation has been carried out to optimize the degree of premixing and the design parameters of the burner. The mixing characteristics and the global flame structure have been studied, using measurements of mixture fraction, ξ (or concentration ϱξ) temperature, T; and velocity field by Mie-scattering, thermocouple and LDV techniques respectively. The data show that the final version of the burner satisfies most of its design object.
STUDY OF THE LIPID PROFILE IN PATIENTS HAVING BENIGN BREAST DISEASE

: Benign breast diseases constitute a heterogeneous group of lesions including developmental abnormalities, inflammatory lesions, epithelial and stromal proliferations. The aim of my study is to determine the correlation between hyperlipidemia or dyslipidemia and benign breast diseases. Although a lot of work has been done regarding the serum lipid profile alteration in malignant breast diseases, a very little work has been done on serum lipid profile alteration in benign breast diseases especially in developing country like India where the dietary habits of people have changed towards the western style in the last few decades. The study was conducted on 50 patients who came to the OPD of MKCG Medical College & Hospital, Brahmapur, Odisha for treatment during the period from August 2012 to July 2014. Four types of benign breast disease patients namely fibroadenoma, fibroadenosis, breast abscess and mastalgia were included in the study. The patients underwent thorough clinical breast examination, Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology, & biopsy. Fasting venous blood sample of fifty normal subjects (controls) and 50 patients of benign breast disease were investigated for serum total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride. Comparison was made between serum lipid profile of various types of benign breast disease and controls. It was observed that there was significant rise in serum total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride. However no significant difference was found in low density lipoprotein cholesterol in different groups of benign breast disease and controls.
Electron transfer in weakly interacting systems

A recently proposed semiclassical model, in which an electronic transmission coefficient and a nuclear tunneling factor are introduced as corrections to the classical activated-complex expression, is described. The nuclear tunneling corrections are shown to be important only at low temperatures or when the electron transfer is very exothermic. By contrast, corrections for nonadiabaticity may be significant for most outer-sphere reactions of metal complexes. The rate constants for the Fe(H/sub 2/O)/sub 6//sup 2 +/-Fe(H/sub 2/O)/sub 6//sup 3 +/, Ru(NH/sub 3/)/sub 6//sup 2 +/-Ru(NH/sub 3/)/sub 6//sup 3 +/ and Ru(bpy)/sub 3//sup 2 +/-Ru(bpy)/sub 3//sup 3 +/ electron exchange reactions predicted by the semiclassical model are in very good agreement with the observed values. The implications of the model for optically-induced electron transfer in mixed-valence systems are noted. 6 figures, 4 tables, 53 references.
Targeting cancer cells using aptamers: cell-SELEX approach and recent advancements

Aptamers are short single stranded nucleic acid molecules, isolated from a pool of nucleic acid molecules by the method called SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential Enrichment) that can bind to the target with high affinity and specificity. A modified SELEX method where the targets are living whole cells is referred as cell-SELEX, and is of great interest because it opens up a simple and effective method for disease diagnostics and therapeutics. The cell-SELEX based approach and recent developments of the technique for identifying aptamers as well as their application in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics are summarized here.
Improving the efficiency of pyroelectric conversion

Pyroelectric conversion utilizes low‐grade waste heat as a heat source, and thus produces clean energy. Low‐grade heat is abundant in the various industries and it is practically free. It can be converted to high‐voltage electricity by pyroelectric conversion. Our pyroelectric converter uses copolymer of poly‐vinylidene fluoride with trifluoroethylene [60/40% P(VDF–TrFE)]. Previously, we encountered a substantial power loss due to internal leakage at high temperature and voltage. In order to increase the power output, we examined the effect of polymer purification using solvent extraction. We compared the electrical properties of purified copolymer with those of ‘as‐received’ copolymer. Although we removed only 0.4 wt% of the copolymer by solvent extraction, the electrical resistivity of purified copolymer was 35% higher than that of the ‘as‐received’ copolymer. We also observed that thin films produced using purified copolymer were able to withstand 50% higher electric field before they were ruined by the electrical short circuit. Subsequently, we conducted pyroelectric conversion using 25 µ m thick 60–40% P(VF2–TrFE) copolymer films. Copolymer purification resulted in a three‐fold increase in net power output. Net power output per unit volume of the ‘as‐received’ copolymer was 95 J L−1 but it increased to 279 J L−1 for purified copolymer. © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources, 2007. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy of Fe3+-bearing Mg-silicate post-perovskite at 128–138 GPa

Abstract The effect of ferric iron on the properties of Mg-silicate post-perovskite (PPv) were studied up to 138 GPa using synchrotron X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Our diffraction measurements revealed that the incorporation of Fe3+ has virtually no effect on the volume of PPv, in contrast to Fe2+, which increases the volume. Therefore, incorporation of Fe3+ increases the density of PPv much more effectively than Fe2+. Mössbauer spectroscopy suggests that Fe3+ enters PPv through chargecoupled substitution and is high spin in the bipolar prismatic site and low spin in the octahedral site (i.e., mixed spin state). Our results may have important implications for the gravitational stability of lower-mantle heterogeneities.
Best practice strategies to eradicate business growth challenges of female-owned small businesses in Uganda

Small businesses of which the majority are female-owned are the backbone of many economies across the globe. Despite the increasingly important role of female-owned small businesses to economic development and poverty alleviation, the growth of femaleowned businesses in Uganda remains a major concern. The purpose of this study, therefore, was twofold – to identify business growth challenges of female small business entrepreneurs in Uganda and also to identify the strategies for overcoming these small business growth challenges to add to existing theory within the small business management field. The study followed a qualitative research with an exploratory descriptive case study design approach. A comprehensive international and national literature on female entrepreneurship, the Ugandan business environment, small business growth challenges in Uganda, and global best practice strategies for stimulating small business growth was conducted. Primary data were collected using face-to-face and telephonic interviews with semi-structured interview guides. Twelve (three female small business entrepreneurs and nine small business support specialists) participants were selected using purposive, theoretical, and expert sampling methods. The biographical profiles of the participants interviewed during the study were presented as case studies. Firstly, the biographical profiles of the three Ugandan small businesses (supermarket, restaurant and hairdressing salon) and the female entrepreneurs were presented. Secondly, the biographical profiles of the nine small business support institutions (two governmental, two funding, two training, one export promotion) and two business associations, as well as the profile of the small business support specialists were presented.
Thermoelectric Conversion by Thin-Layer Thermogalvanic Cells with Soluble Redox Couples

Thermogalvanic cells containing a redox couple of [Fe(CN)6]4−⁄3− or Fe2+⁄3+ as an electroactive species were built for thermoelectric conversion from low-grade heat with a temperature less than 100 °C. The distance between high- and low-temperature electrodes was set to 1 mm in order to produce a high power density. Thermoelectric powers, inner resistances, and heat fluxes of the cells, which were placed horizontally (i.e. in which the temperature gradient was vertical) were measured under steady state conditions. Natural convection, which was induced by a temperature difference and current flowing in appropriate directions, produced lower inner resistances than those with no convection by several times. It had only a small effect on thermoelectric powers and heat-transfer coefficients. Thus, both the power densities and the thermal efficiencies increased by nearly one order of magnitude due to the convection. A power density of 2.6 W m−2 was obtained during steady state using a cell containing an aqueous.
Speciation, photosensitivity, and reactions of transition metal ions in atmospheric droplets

Dissolved transition metal ions (TMI) are common constituents of atmospheric droplets. They are known to catalyze sulfur oxidation in droplets and are suspected of being involved in other chemical processes as well. We have reviewed the relevant equilibrium constants and chemical reactions of the major TMI (iron, manganese, copper, and nickel), their ability to form complexes in aqueous solution, and their potential involvement in photochemical processes in atmospheric droplets. Among the results are the following: (1) The major Fe(III) species in atmospheric water droplets are [Fe(OH)(H2O)5]2+, [Fe(OH)2(H2O)4]+, and [Fe(SO3)(H2O)5]+; the partitioning among these complexes is a function of pH. In contrast, Cu(II), Mn(II), and Ni(II) exist almost entirely in the droplets as hexaquo complexes. (2) Within the tropospheric solar spectrum, some of the complexes of Fe(III) have large absorption cross-sections. In this work we report cross-section data for several of the complexes. Absorption of solar photons by such complexes is generally followed by cleavage, which in the same process reduces the iron (III) atom and produces a reactive free radical. This mechanism has the potential to be a significant and heretofore unappreciated source of free radicals in atmospheric droplets. (3) TMI participate in redox reactions with H2O2 and its associated species HO2· and O2−. These reactions furnish the potential for catalytic cycles involving TMI in atmospheric droplets under a variety of illumination and acidity conditions. (4) A number of organic processes in atmospheric droplets may involve TMI. Among these processes are the production and destruction of alkylhydroperoxides, the chemical chains linking RO2· radicals to stable alcohols and acids, and the oxidation of aliphatic aldehydes to organic acids.
High-temperature and long-term stable solid- state electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cells by self-assembly

Ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate was solidified by silica nanoparticles (> 2 wt %) even up to 85 degrees C. The mechanism of solid-state composites was inferred to self-assemble through hydrogen bond networks between the anion BF4- and the hydroxyl group in the surface of silica nanoparticles, which was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry measurement and Fourier transition infrared spectra. The solid-state composite was introduced to form high-temperature solid-state electrolytes for highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cells with an overall energy-conversion efficiency of 4.7% at room temperature and 5.0% at 60 degrees C under AM 1.5 sunlight illumination (75 mW cm(-2)).
QUANTIFICATION OF PROTEINURIA IN PRE ECLAMPSIA USING PROTEIN AND CREATININE RATIO IN RANDOM URINE SPECIMEN

Hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy are common and form one of the deadly triad along with haemorrhage and infection that results in much of the maternal morbidity and mortality related to pregnancy. Proteinuria is essential for the diagnosis of preeclampsia. As the Proteinuria increases, the likelihood of complications also increases and hence a rapid and accurate detection and quantization of Proteinuria is essential for the management of hypertensive pregnant women. The protein creatinine ratio in a single urine specimen has been used for the rapid and accurate detection of proteinuria in hypertensive pregnant women as it avoids collection errors and gives physiologically more relevant information. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: To study the clinical profile of preeclampsia patients. To assess the degree of Proteinuria by 24 hour urine protein and spot urine protein Creatinine ratio in the study population To study if the spot urine protein and creatinine ratio will provide accurate quantification of proteinuria in hypertensive pregnant women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was observational study it was conducted in King George Hospital for a period of one year & 60 patients were included for the study. RESULTS: In the present study: spot urine p/c ratio sensitivity 100%, specificity 66.67%, and positive predictive value of 98.27% added. CONCLUSION: quantization of proteinuria, when properly interpreted, can provide valuable information.
Mutual diffusion coefficient of charged particles in the solvent-fixed frame of reference from Brownian dynamics simulation

An expression for the mutual diffusion coefficient of electrolyte solutions on the Smoluchowski level is proposed and is used in Brownian dynamics simulations. In particular, the divergence of this diffusion coefficient due to the long range of hydrodynamic interactions is solved by introducing explicitly the solvent-fixed frame of reference. The result is used to compute the mutual diffusion coefficient of KCl and LiCl aqueous solutions in the framework of the primitive model at room temperature. Simulations with and without hydrodynamic interactions were performed. Results are in excellent agreement with those obtained by an analytical transport theory which was recently proposed [J.-F. Dufreche et al., J. Chem. Phys. 116, 2085 (2001)] and which yields reliable estimates for transport coefficients. Moreover, it is shown that electrostatic relaxation effects which cancel exactly in the analytical theory have indeed little influence on the mutual diffusion.