Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-poisonings with drugs by adolescents in the Lund catchment area

Our objective was to investigate which drugs young people who attempt suicide use in the Lund catchment area eight municipalities in Skåne, southern Sweden. All patients aged up to 18 years admitted to Lund University Hospital after deliberate or probably deliberate self-poisoning from 1 January 1991 until 31 December 1995 were included. Forty-nine (58%) had used a single drug; 20 (24%) had used 3 or more drugs. Fifty-two (61%) used analgesics paracetamol was used by 38 (45%) and propoxyphene by 17 (20%). Thirty-one (36%) had ingested psychotropics 13 used benzodiazepines, 10 antidepressants, and 8 antipsychotics. Eleven (15%) had used drugs in combination with alcohol. We conclude that it is important to follow changes in self-poisoning patterns, to monitor the effects of preventive work and discover new trends in drug use.
Factors affecting uptake of cervical cancer screening among clinic attendees in Trelawny, Jamaica.

BACKGROUND Use of the Pap test has resulted in a decline in cervical cancer mortality in developed countries. Yet, despite established cervical cancer screening programs, a significant portion of Jamaican women are not undergoing screening for cervical cancer. This study was carried out to identify factors that affect Jamaican women's decisions to screen for cervical cancer. METHODS A population survey was administered to 367 clinic-attending women 25 to 54 years of age in the Parish of Trelawny from May to July of 2005. An interviewer-administered questionnaire assessed the women's knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding cervical cancer and cervical cancer screening. RESULTS Overall, 11% of the women had never had a Pap smear and only 38% had a Pap test within the last year. Annual visits to a health provider have a strong influence on women's decisions to regularly screen for cervical cancer. Provider recommendation also positively affected initial receipt of a Pap smear as well as continued regular screening. CONCLUSIONS Programs that promote annual health checkups, encourage consistent provider recommendations, and emphasize screening as a preventive measure might positively influence women's decisions to screen for cervical cancer.
Air pollution in relation to allergic and nonallergic rhinitis.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between allergic and nonallergic rhinitis and the exposure to air pollution. DESIGN Blood cadmium levels were measured in 30 patients with allergic rhinitis, 30 patients with nonallergic rhinitis, and 16 normal control subjects using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The cadmium level was used as a parameter of degree and proximity of exposure to air pollution from various sources. SETTING Ain Shams University, a tertiary care referral center in Cairo, Egypt. RESULTS Blood cadmium levels were significantly high in the allergic rhinitis group compared with the nonallergic rhinitis and control groups (P < .001). The mean blood cadmium level in the nonallergic rhinitis group was higher than that in the controls, yet the difference was statistically insignificant. Also, cadmium levels were above the 95% confidence interval in only 7% of this group. Blood cadmium levels in the controls (16.33 +/- 2.98 [SD] micromol/L [183.62 +/- 33.5 micrograms/dL) were much higher than those reported from areas of high cadmium pollution (0.88-2.66 micromol/L [10-30 micrograms/dL]). CONCLUSION The significantly high blood cadmium levels in patients with allergic rhinitis may reflect a causal relationship between air pollution and this condition. The exact mechanism, however, remains to be determined. In nonallergic rhinitis, it seems that the contribution of air pollution as a predisposing factor is small compared with the other known predisposing factors.
First International Symposium on Melanoma and Other Cutaneous Malignancies

The First International Symposium on Melanoma and Other Cutaneous Malignancies, held in New York City on 23 – 25 April 2004, brought together researchers and clinicians from all over the world to discuss recent advances in the prevention, treatment and diagnosis of melanoma and other cutaneous malignancies. Discussion topics included primary and secondary prevention; advances in surgical therapy, including sentinel and elective lymph node dissection; the biology and pathogenesis of melanoma, including pathways of drug resistance; genomic analysis of melanoma, serum and tumour cell markers; with point and counterpoint sessions debating therapeutic controversies. The role of vaccines in the management of melanoma was discussed, including cell vaccines, dendritic cell-based vaccination and present research to improve the generation of melanoma vaccine-specific immunity. Adjuvant immunotherapy with high-dose IFN-α and an ongoing trial with biochemotherapy were debated. In addition, the role of chemotherapy and novel targeted agents in metastatic melanoma were discussed. Among the emerging agents and therapeutic targets presented were Bcl-2 antisense therapy, RAF kinases, heat-shock proteins, thalidomide and newer immunomodulatory drugs, cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 antibody and topical imiquimod. The symposium also provided an overview of existing and emerging agents and modalities in the management of patients with cutaneous T cell lymphomas, ocular melanoma and melanoma involving brain metastases. Sessions also included case-based learning and devoted ample time to providing ‘how to’ information for practising physicians.
How Long and How Much Are Nurses Now Working?: Too long, too much, and without enough rest between shifts, a study finds.

Objective:Extended work schedules—those that vary from the standard eight hours per day, 35 to 40 hours per week—are common in nursing and contribute to problems with nursing recruitment and retention, in addition to compromising patient safety and the health and well-being of nurses. This study describes the nature and prevalence of such schedules across nursing settings. Methods:Quantitative survey data collected as part of the Nurses Worklife and Health Study were analyzed. The sample consisted of 2,273 RNs. Demographic data, information about respondents’ primary jobs (position, workplace, and specialty), and specific work schedule variables were analyzed, including data on off-shifts, breaks, overtime and on-call requirements, time off between shifts, and how often respondents worked more than 13 hours per day and on scheduled days off and vacation days. Respondents were also asked about activities outside of work, commuting time, and other nonnursing activities and chores. Results: More than a quarter of the sample reported that they typically worked 12 or more hours per day, as did more than half of hospital staff nurses and more than a third of those with more than one job. A third of the total sample worked more than 40 hours per week, and more than a third worked six or more days in a row at least once in the preceding six months. Nearly a quarter rotated shifts.Almost one-quarter of nurses with more than one job worked 50 or more hours per week, and they were more likely to work many days consecutively, without sufficient rest between shifts, and during scheduled time off. Single parents were as likely as those with more than one job to work 13 to 15 hours per day, 50 to 60 hours or more per week, and many days consecutively. Seventeen percent of all nurses worked mandatory overtime, as did almost a quarter of the single parents. Nearly 40% of the total sample and more than 40% of hospital staff nurses had jobs with on-call requirements. Conclusions: The proportion of nurses who reported working schedules that exceed the recommendations of the Institute of Medicine should raise industry-wide concerns about fatigue and health risks to nurses as well as the safety of patients in their care.
Germline mutations in MSR1, ASCC1, and CTHRC1 in patients with Barrett esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma.

CONTEXT Barrett esophagus (BE) occurs in 1% to 10% of the general population and is believed to be the precursor of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). The incidence of EAC has increased 350% in the last 3 decades without clear etiology. Finding predisposition genes may improve premorbid risk assessment, genetic counseling, and management. Genome-wide multiplatform approaches may lead to the identification of genes important in BE/EAC development. OBJECTIVE To identify risk alleles or mutated genes associated with BE/EAC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Model-free linkage analyses of 21 concordant-affected sibling pairs with BE/EAC and 11 discordant sibling pairs (2005-2006). Significant germline genomic regions in independent prospectively accrued series of 176 white patients with BE/EAC and 200 ancestry-matched controls (2007-2010) were validated and fine mapped. Integrating data from these significant genomic regions with somatic gene expression data from 19 BE/EAC tissues yielded 12 "priority" candidate genes for mutation analysis (2010). Genes that showed mutations in cases but not in controls were further screened in an independent prospectively accrued validation series of 58 cases (2010). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Identification of germline mutations in genes associated with BE/EAC cases. Functional interrogation of the most commonly mutated gene. RESULTS Three major genes, MSR1, ASCC1, and CTHRC1 were associated with BE/EAC (all P < .001). In addition, 13 patients (11.2%) with BE/EAC carried germline mutations in MSR1, ASCC1, or CTHRC1. MSR1 was the most frequently mutated, with 8 of 116 (proportion, 0.069; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.030-0.130; P < .001) cases with c.877C>T (p.R293X). An independent validation series confirmed germline MSR1 mutations in 2 of 58 cases (proportion, 0.035; 95% CI, 0.004-0.120; P = .09). MSR1 mutation resulted in CCND1 up-regulation in peripheral-protein lysate. Immunohistochemistry of BE tissues in MSR1-mutation carriers showed increased nuclear expression of CCND1. CONCLUSION MSR1 was significantly associated with the presence of BE/EAC in derivation and validation samples, although it was only present in a small percentage of the cases.
New oral anticoagulants in heart failure

Heart failure (HF) is one of the epidemics in cardiovascular disease of the21st century. Hypertension,myocardial infarction, valvular heart disease, diabetes, and atrial fibrillation (AF) are the most frequent risk factors. Although survival has improved over the years, the prognosis of HF remains awful, as 35% of thepatientswithHF will diewithin5 years. Stroke and thrombo-embolism contribute to morbidity and mortality in these patients. About 14–20% of patients with stroke have some form of HF or impaired LV function. The incidence of ischaemic strokehasbeenreported tobe18per1000patientsduring thefirst year following HF diagnosis, increasing to 47 per 1000 patients at 5 years follow-up. The risk of stroke is highest early after the diagnosis of HF. The reduction in risk after a longer duration of HF may relate to treatment of the disease and initiation of oral anticoagulation. If patients suffer fromatrial fibrillation (AF), therisk increasesby twoto three-fold. While HF thus increases the risk of stroke, there remains debate over the benefit of antithrombotic therapy in HF. Clearly patients with AF in association withHF with eithera reduced (HF-REF) or preserved ejection fraction (HF-PEF) have an indication for antithrombotic therapy. However, in HF patients who are in sinus rhythm, there is no evidence that oral anticoagulants reduce the occurrence of mortality and morbidity.
Space and terrestrial radiation response of silicon carbide power MOSFETs

Effects of heavy ion, terrestrial neutron and ionizing dose radiation on high voltage silicon carbide (SiC) power MOSFETs are reported along with likely failure modes due to single event effects resulting from heavy ion exposures. The tested SiC power MOSFETs exhibit excellent terrestrial neutron radiation responses with failure in time rates significantly lower than those of comparable silicon power MOSFETs and IGBTs especially near the rated device voltage. The same SiC MOSFETs also exhibit excellent ionizing dose radiation response with threshold voltage shifts significantly lower than those of silicon MOSFETs with similar oxide thicknesses. However the SiC power MOSFETs suffer significantly from heavy ion induced single event effects (SEEs) with sudden failures at high voltages during heavy ion exposure, and post exposure stress induced failures at low and medium voltages.
Verbal Skills, Finger Tapping, and Cognitive Tempo Define a Second-Order Factor of Temporal Information Processing

Adolescents with academic and social problems are often characterized as impulsive, having poor verbal skills, and having poor motor coordination. Language and skilled movements have long been hypothesized to share a common neural basis. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that verbal skills, fine motor tasks that require a continuous sequential response, and cognitive tempo (impulsiveness, time judgment) would interrelate to define a higher-order dimension of "temporal information processing. " Subjects were 155 males of high school age. The results confirmed the basic hypothesis.
Identification of Dioxygenases Required for Aspergillus Development

Aspergillus sp. contain ppoA, ppoB, and ppoC genes, which code for fatty acid oxygenases with homology to fungal linoleate 7,8-diol synthases (7,8-LDS) and cyclooxygenases. Our objective was to identify these enzymes, as ppo gene replacements show critical developmental aberrancies in sporulation and pathogenicity in the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus and the genetic model Aspergillus nidulans. The PpoAs of A. fumigatus and A. nidulans were identified as (8R)-dioxygenases with hydroperoxide isomerase activity, designated 5,8-LDS. 5,8-LDS transformed 18:2n-6 to (8R)-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid ((8R)-HPODE) and (5S,8R)-dihydroxy-9Z,12Z-octadecadienoic acid ((5S,8R)-DiHODE). We also detected 8,11-LDS in A. fumigatus and (10R)-dioxygenases in both Aspergilli. The diol synthases oxidized [(8R)-2H]18:2n-6 to (8R)-HPODE with retention of the deuterium label, suggesting antarafacial hydrogen abstraction and insertion of molecular oxygen. Experiments with stereospecifically deuterated 18:2n-6 showed that (8R)-HPODE was isomerized by 5,8- and 8,11-LDS to (5S,8R)-DiHODE and to (8R,11S)-dihydroxy-9Z,12Z-octadecadienoic acid, respectively, by suprafacial hydrogen abstraction and oxygen insertion at C-5 and C-11. PpoCs were identified as (10R)-dioxygenases, which catalyzed abstraction of the pro-S hydrogen at C-8 of 18:2n-6, double bond migration, and antafacial insertion of molecular oxygen with formation of (10R)-hydroxy-8E,12Z-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid ((10R)-HPODE). Deletion of ppoA led to prominent reduction of (8R)-H(P)ODE and complete loss of (5S,8R)-DiHODE biosynthesis, whereas biosynthesis of (10R)-HPODE was unaffected. Deletion of ppoC caused biosynthesis of traces of racemic 10-HODE but did not affect the biosynthesis of other oxylipins. We conclude that ppoA of Aspergillus sp. may code for 5,8-LDS with catalytic similarities to 7,8-LDS and ppoC for linoleate (10R)-dioxygenases. Identification of these oxygenases and their products will provide tools for analyzing the biological impact of oxylipin biosynthesis in Aspergilli.
Institutional Environment and Entrepreneurial Cognitions: A Comparative Business Systems Perspective

In this study, we investigate the relationship between institutional elements of the social environment and entrepreneurial cognitions, which lead to the individual's venture creation decision. Employing a sample of 757 entrepreneurs and non–entrepreneurs from eight countries we examine the extent to which institutions influence venture creation decisions, where entrepreneurial expert scripts act as a mediator. Results show that various institutional elements, such as legal and financial systems, affect venture arrangements and willingness scripts. Venture arrangements scripts, in turn, have the most significant impact on an individual's venture creation decision.
Biosecurity considerations for pork production units

This paper summarizes and critiques the peer-reviewed literature concerning biosecurity considerations in the pork industry. Manuscripts concerning source of genetic material and segregation procedures were examined to address the risks of introduction of new genetics. Other biosecurity risks reviewed include transmission of pathogens by aerosol, birds, insects, nonporcine animals, and vehicles; and pathogen survival in dead pigs, feed, manure, water, and soil. Many decisions regarding biosecurity protocols on pork production units are currently based on producer and veterinary experience and opinion, not on scientific research. Consequently, research is needed in many areas either to validate current protocols or to develop new scientifically sound biosecurity measures for the pork industry.
The Transformative Role of Bimodal IT in an Era of Digital Business

Digital transformation is challenging the traditional expectations of the IT function, as organizations demand a more agile IT function, capable of exploring innovative uses of IT in a digital business context. Using qualitative executive interview data, this paper explores the bimodal approach organizations can use to create an IT function that effectively supports and drives the organization’s digital agenda. The study finds that for many organizations, a bimodal IT design, of which we found three distinct archetypes to exist, serves as a transitional stage in the pursuit of embedding a higher level of agility and a stronger exploration focus in the IT function, which ultimately operates unimodal. This study’s investigation into bimodal IT has significant implications for how the IT function transforms in the digital business era and is of relevance to practitioners as digital transformation affects organizational structure, culture, and methods of working.
Effects of Physicochemical Factors on the Adhesion to Cellulose Avicel of the Ruminal Bacteria Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Fibrobacter succinogenes subsp. succinogenes

Ruminococcus flavefaciens adhered instantly to cellulose, while Fibrobacter succinogenes had the highest percentage of adherent cells after about 25 min of contact between bacteria and cellulose. Adhesion of R. flavefaciens was unaffected by high concentrations of sugars (5%), temperature, pH, oxygen, metabolic inhibitors, and lack of Na+. In contrast, the attachment was affected by the removal of divalent cations (Mg2+ and Ca2+), the presence of cellulose derivatives (methylcellulose and hydroxyethylcellulose), and cystine. Adhesion of F. succinogenes was sensitive to low and high temperatures, high concentrations of glucose and cellobiose (5%), hydroxyethylcellulose (0.1%), redox potential, pH, lack of monovalent cations, and the presence of an inhibitor of membrane ATPases or lasalocid and monensin. Cells of F. succinogenes heated at 100°C no longer were adherent. On the other hand, adhesion was insensitive to the lack of divalent cations (Mg2+ and Ca2+), the presence of 2,4-dinitrophenol, tetrachlorosalicylanilide, or inhibitors of the electron transfer chains. Adhesion of F. succinogenes seems to be related to the metabolic functions of the cell. External proteins and/or cellulases themselves might play a part in the attachment process. Several mechanisms are probably involved in the adhesion of R. flavefaciens, the main one being the interaction between the large glycocalyx and the divalent cations Ca2+ and Mg2+. Hydrophobic bonds and enzymes may also be involved.
More about: effect of hormone replacement therapy on breast cancer risk: estrogen versus estrogen plus progestin.

The influence of combined estrogen– progestin replacement therapy on breast cancer risk is important in the risk– benefit equation associated with hormone replacement therapy. Thus, the lack of data on this relationship is of considerable concern to the millions of treated women. Therefore, it was with great interest we read the report in the Journal by Ross et al. (1). Last year, we published results from a case–control study conducted in Sweden (2), where combined estrogen–progestin therapy has been the predominant therapy for many years. We thought it might be of interest to make a comparison between the only two studies where the influence of sequential estrogen plus progestin replacement therapy (SEPRT) and continuous combined estrogen plus progestin replacement therapy (CCRT) has been explored. The Swedish study included 3345 case patients and 3454 control subjects, with response rates of 84% and 82%, respectively (2). We reported that risk of breast cancer increased with duration of use of both SEPRT and CCRT, yet, in contrast to the findings of Ross et al. (see Table 1), the relative risk (RR) associated with SEPRT was substantially lower (RR 1.03 per year of use; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94–1.13) than the corresponding risk associated with CCRT (RR 1.19 per year of use; 95% CI 1.09–1.31). These estimates were statistically significantly different from one another (P for heterogeneity .03). To correctly interpret these differences, some comments are needed. First, our data refer to the use of mainly estradiol plus testosterone-like progestin, while the use of conjugated estrogens plus progesterone-like progestin (medroxyprogesterone acetate) is most common in the United States. Second, we chose to restrict our analyses to exclusive use of the different regimens (excluding women with mixed use), whereas Ross et al. adjusted their estimates for the use of one type of regimen for other types. However, it is not clear to us how detailed this adjustment was carried out (i.e., whether adjustment was made only for ever use or for duration of use of other regimens). The estimates presented from our study (Table 1) were not adjusted for as many other breast cancer risk factors as those described in study by Ross et al. (Table 1). We examined the additional risk factors as described by Ross et al. (i.e., age at menarche, family history of breast cancer, history of benign breast disease, use of oral contraceptives, and alcohol con-
AKSARAY İLİ GÜZELYURT İLÇESİ (GELVERİ) POTANSİYELİNİN EKOMÜZECİLİK KAPSAMINDA SWOT ANALİZİ İLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

1970’li yillarin baslangicindan itibaren Fransiz muzebilimciler tarafindan gelistirilen ekomuze kavrami; sinirlari belli bir cografi alanda, o bolgenin dogal yapisi ile uyumlu, bolgede yasayan yerel halkin tarihi ve kulturel mirasina saygili, yerel kimlige odakli, kaybolmaya yuz tutmus degerleri gun isigina cikararak onlari tekrar anlamlandirma, koruma ve gelecege aktarma fikrini benimseyerek surdurulebilir bir gelisme icin bu degerleri toplumun hizmetine sunmayi amaclayan bir muzecilik cesididir. Sinirlari belirli bir dogal cevre, bu dogal cevre icerisinde yasayan yerel halk ve yerel halkin sahip oldugu sosyo‐ kutuel ve tarihi miras unsurlaridan olusn ekomueler; bogeye has yoesel mutfak kutuu el sanatlari dogl, tarihi ve kutuel dokunun koruma bilinci ile gelecek nesillere aktarimasina yonelik olusurulan bir projedir. Bu bagamda arasimani konusunu, Kapadokya bogesi icrisinde yer alan, Ihlara Vadisi’i icrisinde baridian, 1924 yiida Buu Nuus Muadelesini yasmis sahip oldug dogl, tarihi ve kutuel degrleri ile kendine has yerel bir kimlig sahip aynizamanda Ortadoks mezhebinin kurucularidan Aziz Gregorios Nazions’n memleketi olmasidan dolayibin din merkezi oellig tasian Aksaray Iine bagiGuelyurt (Gelveri) ilcsinin sahip oldug potansiyelin ekomuecilik kapsamida SWOT analizi ile degrlendirilmesi olusurmaktadi. Arasima kapsamida Guelyurt’n ekomuze olabilmesi ve sahip oldug degrlerin korunarak gelecege aktariabilmesi icn, yerel yonetimler, kamu kurulusari sivil toplum oguleri ve yoe halkiile gousuerek ekomuzecilik ile ilgili paydasari bilincendirilmesi ve yapimasigerekenlerin tespit edilmesi amacanmaktadir. Arastima, bogenin sahip oldugu dogol, tarihi ve kulturel mirasi korunarak gelecege aktarimasi ve ilcenin sahip oldugu turizm potansiyelinin taniimasi aciidan onem teskil etmektedir.