Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structuring the Decision Process

This chapter includes a discussion of leadership decisions and stress. Many leaders are daily exposed to stress when they must make decisions, and there are often social reasons for this. Social standards suggest that a leader must be proactive and make decisions and not flee the situation. Conflict often creates stress in decision-making situations. It is important for leaders to understand that it is not stress in itself that leads to bad decisions, rather, bad decisions may be the result of time pressure in the sense that leaders have not been able to gather enough relevant information. Thus, it is worthwhile for leaders to be able to prioritize properly in order to cope with stressful situations. In some situations, a leader chooses to delegate the decisions to his/her team and then it is important to guard against «groupthink», a phenomenon where members of a team put consensus before anything else as a result of the peer pressure. A number of methods are presented that enable leaders to avoid this phenomenon. Often leaders are involved in decision-making situations where they are forced to navigate between objectives that are in strong conflict with each other. We are talking about «decision dilemmas». These are characterized by the existence of a conflict between the top leadership's desire to control the activities and their wish to give autonomy and independence to the various units. It is important for leaders to be able to strike a balance in different dilemma situations and understand how to best manage conflicts when they arise.
Individual differences in the way observers perceive humour styles

Humour has been conceptualized as styles, which vary based on their function (Martin, Puhlik-Doris, Larsen, Gray, and Weir, 2003). Research examining if and how observers perceive this intent is limited. The current study addresses this research gap by examining the perceptions of Martin et al.’s (2003) four humour styles. Additionally and of particular interest, was whether self-defeating humour and another self-directed humour style, self-deprecating humour, were perceived as two independent humour styles. Despite being similar in content, self-deprecating humour is associated with higher self-esteem and self-defeating humour with lower self-esteem. Two hundred and four students watched comedy clips and completed a survey online. Participants were asked to categorize each video clip by humour style and to rate the self-esteem of the target (i.e. comedian). Results revealed that humour styles are distinguishable by observers with participants predominantly selecting one humour style over the others for each clip. In support of the second hypothesis, targets who were categorised as using self-deprecating humour were perceived as having higher self-esteem than those categorised as using self-defeating humour, illustrating a distinction in the perception of these humour styles at an interpersonal level.
Social media influencers

iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT . iv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW . 2 2.1 Consumer Engagement with Brands . 2 2.2 Social Media Influencers . 6 2.3 SMIs Compared to Celebrity Brand Endorsers . 10 2.4 User Generated Content . 14 2.5 Parasocial Interaction Theory . 16 2.6 Opinion Leaders . 18 CHAPTER 3: METHOD . 22 3.1 General Information on Method, Context, and Data: Mixed Method . 22 3.2 Collecting the data . 23 3.3 Data Analysis Process . 26 3.3.1 Cognitive Processing Analysis Process . 27 3.3.2 Affection Process . 28 3.2.3 Activation Process . 29 3.4 Results for Top-Down Approach . 29 3.4.1 Cognitive Processing Results . 29 3.4.2 Affection Results . 33 3.4. 3 Activation Results . 37 3.5 Method for Second Part: Bottom Up Approach . 40 3.6 Results from Second Part: Bottom-Up Approach . 41 CHAPTER 4: DISCUSSION . 50 4.1 Social Media Influencers as a route to brand engagement . 50 4.2 How SMIs act as a route to brand engagement . 52
Facial Expressions Classification with Ensembles of Convolutional Neural Networks and Smart Voting

Facial Expression is a very important factor in the social interaction of human beings. And technologies that can automatically interpret and respond to stimuli of facial expressions already find a wide variety of applications, from antidepressant drug testing to fatigue analysis of drivers and pilots. In this context, the following work presents a model for Automatic Classification of Facial Expression using as a training base the dataset Challenges in Representation Learning (FER2013), characterized by examples of spontaneous facial expressions in uncontrolled environments. The presented method is composed by a Convolutional Neural Networks Ensemble architecture, using a non-trivial voting system, based on a smart model, Xtreme Gradient Boosting - XGBoost. As performance criteria for validation of the proposed model, were used K-fold and F1 Score Micro techniques to guarantee robustness and reliability of the results, which are competitive with state-of-the-art works.
Internet addiction among Indian help-seeking patients with mental health disorders

Internet addiction is a pernicious behavioural disorder that has received increasingly more interest as societies become more technological. This study addressed the current lack of data in the Indian context by examining problematic internet use among individuals receiving treatment for mental health disorders. In addition, it examined specific uses of the internet that have the potential to be problematic and impact on quality of life, namely social media use and online gaming, the reasons why people used the internet, and the perceived benefits and problems it gives rise to. Almost half (44%) of the sample reported severely dependent levels of internet addiction. Those with depressive disorders reported higher levels of internet addiction relative to other disorders. Findings regarding benefits and problems of internets use were somewhat paradoxical, whereby internet use could be both beneficial and problematic in the domain (e.g., increased and decreased social interaction). The use of screening for internet addiction, and the development of culturally-adapted treatments for Indians with mental health disorders may be indicated.
A critical realist appraisal of authenticity in tourism: the case of the Sámi

ABSTRACT This article explores the critical realist conceptualization of authenticity through its development in tourism, especially in relation to indigenous Sámi culture. Authenticity is discussed through the often relativistic perspectives surrounding it. This paper proposes a middle ground between objective and existential views; it considers authenticity to be a compromise, and it focuses on both universal components (present in all Sámi people in the tourism context) as well as mediated components (such as characteristics differently influenced by geo-history). The role of cultural tourism labels is also discussed. The overlying objective is to conceptualize authenticity so that it produces a positive effect on the tourism operations of Sámi people. Specifically, it argues that the use of certain labels or certifications, based on the concrete universal aspects of Sámi, can be beneficial. If the Sámi themselves are involved in the creation of such labels, they need not betray the objective of respecting Sámi culture.
Perception of Inequality and Societal Health: Analysis on Social Trust and Social Mobility

As societal interest in inequality increases in Korea, both public and academic discussion on inequality is also on the rise. In order to more effectively discuss the problems of rising inequality, however, it is essential to study the consequences and implications of inequality. This study examines one of the consequences of inequality, particularly on individuals -- the relationship between an individual's perception of inequality and his/her evaluation of societal health, such as social trust and social mobility. According to a statistical analysis of the Korean Academic Multimode Open Survey for Social Sciences (KAMOS), those who perceive the level of income and wealth inequality in Korea as more unequal tend to have a lower level of trust toward Korean society and Korean people, as well as a lower expectation for both intra- and intergenerational social mobility. This study, which shows that rising inequality could have a negative impact at the individual level, not only extends the scope of the consequence-of-inequality studies from the society-oriented toward the individual-oriented, but it also has significant implications for the field, suggesting a new direction for future studies.
Injury Frequency in Handball Players: A Descriptive Study of Injury Pattern in São Paulo State Regional Teams

– Aim: To assess the frequency of injuries among male and female handball athletes, identifying injured anatomic parts, injury diagnostics, their severity and type. Methods: The participants were composed of 122 handball players from São Paulo state teams, being 63 male (21.2±5.3 years) and 59 female (19.9±5.3 years) athletes who were interviewed using the “Champion Profile” questionnaire. The injuries were sorted by type: acute or overuse; and severity (major, moderate, slight, minor), given by the period of absence from team activities (training sessions and matches), and our results are presented as descriptive statistics. Results: The majority of injuries was found in the lower limbs, both in female (69.6%) and male (47.4%) players, as well as the knee was the most commonly injured anatomic part, representing 33.7% and 20.8% of the total number of injuries for the respective genders. We found a higher number of major injuries in female (35.8%) and male (20.8%) players when compared to the other severity categories. The acute injuries were more common among the total sample (48%) when compared to overuse injuries (22.7%), while a sprain was the most commonly diagnosed injury. Conclusion: It was observed that Brazilian handball players demonstrated an important number of major and acute injuries, forcing them to abstain from training sessions and matches, which can lead to both team and athlete performance losses. Furthermore, we suggest the inclusion of preventive training to reduce the frequency of injuries in handball athletes.
Impact of Body Condition Score on Reproductive Performance in Young Postpartum Range Cows Grazing Native Range

Body condition score (BCS) is used as a management tool to predict reproduction of young beef cows. The objective was to determine the effects of BCS at calving on pregnancy rates, days to first estrus (DTFE), nutrient status (assessed by blood metabolites), and calf BW change in 315, 2and 3-yr-old cows grazing native range over 5 yr at the Corona Range and Livestock Research Center, NM. Palpable BCS (1 to 9) were determined by experienced technicians prior to calving. Cows were assigned to 1 of 4 BCS groups: Thin (T; BCS = 3.5 to 4.25), Thin-Moderate (TM; BCS = 4.5), ModerateFat (MF; BCS = 4.75 to 5.25), or Fat (F; BCS = 5.5 to 7.0). Postpartum supplementation was terminated each year when cows reached BW nadir. Cows were weighed weekly and serum was collected 2×/wk for progesterone analysis to estimate DTFE. Year effects were also evaluated, with years identified as either above (AA) or below (BA) average rainfall. Data were analyzed as a 4 × 2 factorial. A calving BCS × rainfall interaction occurred for DTFE (P = 0.01). In AA years, all BCS groups achieved DTFE within 86 d postpartum with F cows cycling the earliest at d 68 postpartum. In contrast, during BA years, cows with a greater BCS (MF and F) took up to 61 d longer postpartum to reach DTFE compared to cows in a thinner BCS (T and TM). Pregnancy rates did not differ between BCS (P = 0.45; 90, 95, 90, 90 for T, TM, MF, and F, respectively). Calf weights at birth (P = 0.19), branding (P = 0.27), weaning (205-d weight; P = 0.51) were not affected by cow BCS at calving. Results suggest that BCS interacts with rainfall and may not be a consistent indicator of reproductive performance in young beef cows.
‘Dark reuse’: an empirical study of teachers’ OER engagement

There is scant evidence of OER reuse or sharing; OER apologists maintain that reuse is happening in private spaces, but others argue there is no evidence of such ‘dark reuse’. The OER lifecycle provides a model of OER engagement, defining five key practices: finding, composing, adapting, reusing and sharing. However, no empirical research has yet investigated whether teachers’ engagement with OER follows this model; evidence from OER repository analytics suggests not.This paper draws on an empirical study of engagement with an OER repository by language teachers at a distance university (The Open University UK). Through the applied thematic analysis of data generated through observation of lesson preparations, the paper’s contribution is to validate the OER lifecycle model and provide evidence of ‘dark reuse’. Qualitative tools, sensitive to the situated nature of OER engagement, are crucial to understanding invisible practices around ‘dark reuse’, and sophisticated models that embrace the complexity of OER ecosystems are needed.
Striving to maintain well-being :self-management of chronic pain by elderly people living in rural communitiesin North-East Thailand

Chronic pain is a common problem among elderly people. Proper self-management of chronic pain is crucial in promoting general well-being; however, elderly people who live in Thai rural communities have limited access to self-management resources. Understanding the way these people self-manage chronic pain within their life context will provide guidance on how to support them to achieve effective self-management, which in turn, enhances their well-being. The broad aim of the study was to describe and understand the ways in which elderly people, aged 60 years or over, who lived in rural communities in north-east Thailand, self-managed their chronic pain. The specific objectives were to: examine the strategies that they used to self-manage their chronic pain; identify the factors that moderated the way they self-managed their chronic pain; develop a substantive theory that explained the experience of self-managing chronic pain; and evaluate the developed theory within the context of current literature in the area.
Antibacterial mechanism of action of hydrogen peroxide preparations

Whereas the effectivity of H2O2 can be influenced only little through the acidulation (to pH 2.7) its combination with chinosole are distinctly superior to H2O2 in their effectivity. The most increase of effectivity is attainable with the admixture of anionic and cationic detegents. Ideas about different character of effectivity of combinations partner were discussed by reason of the influence of ATPase activity and optical dencity of E. coli cells.
GROSS MOTOR SKILLS OF PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN TERMS OF GENDER SPECIFICITIES

Motor skills are currently a very common topic that is being explored globally from different perspectives. From previous researches is known that motor skills are very important for socialization, academic achievement, self-concept and adaptation on school environment etc., therefore physical education should focus on improving in this area and increasing the level of gross motor skills. This paper will introduce the differences in level of gross motor skills between genders in children from Czech Republic. The aim of the paper is to assess gross motor skills of primary aged children in terms of gender specificities. The research group consisted of 200 children from elementary schools at the age 9,87 ± 0,65 years. For the assessment of gross motor skills was used TGMD-2 test battery. There was found a statistically significant difference between boys and girls in the level of gross motor skills (p=0,002). Girls achieved better results than boys. No significant difference in terms of gender was found in locomotor skills. But difference was found between boys and girls in object control skills (p=0,000), where girls performed better than boys. From the results is obvious that teachers in elementary schools should focus on the development of locomotor skills, which are strongly connected with object control skills, etc. Possible solutions are stated within this study, going from school curriculum towards leisure-time activities and family background etc. The issue deserves higher interest from Czech researchers and teachers in a way to improve rather alarming results. The data was obtained within the project GF_PdF_20119_0003.
CHILDREN IMITATION ON DAILY LANGUAGES FAMILY COUNSELING PERSPECTIVE

Humans learn differently. One way humans learn is to imitate (imitation). A child will imitate both parents and learn their habits and behavior patterns. Humans will learn many behaviors and habits in the early phases of his life by imitating his parents, older brothers, brothers and relatives around him. The position of the family in the development of the child's personality is very dominant. The family is a "Training Center" for the cultivation of values. Therefore, the family as a model to be imitated by the child has a very important role, both in language and behavior. This study discusses the imitation of children against everyday language in the family in Gampong Teungoh Langsa City, Aceh. The purpose of this research is to examine; The process of imitation of children against everyday language in the family in Gampong Teungoh and Parents efforts in overcoming the negative daily language imitation in the family.
Strategies for the Identification of Bioactive Neuropeptides in Vertebrates

Neuropeptides exert essential functions in animal physiology by controlling e.g., reproduction, development, growth, energy homeostasis, cardiovascular activity and stress response. Thus, identification of neuropeptides has been a very active field of research over the last decades. This review article presents the various methods used to discover novel bioactive peptides in vertebrates. Initially identified on the basis of their biological activity, some neuropeptides have also been discovered for their ability to bind/activate a specific receptor or based on their biochemical characteristics such as C-terminal amidation which concerns half of the known neuropeptides. More recently, sequencing of the genome of many representative species has facilitated peptidomic approaches using mass spectrometry and in silico screening of genomic libraries. Through these different approaches, more than a hundred of bioactive neuropeptides have already been identified in vertebrates. Nevertheless, researchers continue to find new neuropeptides or to identify novel functions of neuropeptides that had not been detected previously, as it was recently the case for nociceptin.
The tail fatness of FX returns reconsidered.

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Individual Cultural Values and Consumer Animosity: Chinese Consumers’ Attitude Toward American Products

The importance and interest in individual cultural values have been increased considerably in recent years. Cultural values have been examined as the antecedent to many consumer behaviors and attitudes. The individual cultural values of consumers are shaping attitude and behavior and how that influence consumer animosity is less studied in the literature. To address the research gap, the current study proposes a theoretically and empirically tested framework based on value–attitude–behavior (VAB) model. This study aims to investigate the role of individual cultural values on consumer animosity in the context of 2018 China–United States (U.S.) trade war. The study also examines the relationship between consumer animosity and reluctance to buy (RTB) U.S. products by Chinese consumers. The hypothesized model is tested in China in the context of the ongoing political conflict initiated by United States over Donald Trump’s administration’s tariffs policy targeting China. A convenience sample of Chinese consumers (n = 303) yielded a total of the questionnaire. The results point to a positive and significant relationship between collectivism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, and consumer animosity and a negative relationship between power distance and consumer animosity. Moreover, result shows an insignificant association between long-term orientation and consumer animosity. Finally, the result of this study shows a positive relationship between consumer animosity and RTB U.S. products. The theoretical and practical implications of the proposed study are also discussed.
Interdisciplinarity and academic writing: a corpus-based case study of three interdisciplines

This corpus-based study is aimed at exploring interdisciplinarity in academic writing in the light of two different linguistic aspects: citation practices and adjectives of importance. More specifically, these features have been compared across a corpus of Research Articles from the interdisciplines of Educational Neuroscience, Economic History, and Science & Technology Studies. In addition, comparisons between the interdisciplinary fields and their related single-domain disciplines have been carried out. The methodology applied for the study of the linguistic features combines the analysis of the quantitative data with their qualitative interpretation by means of close reading. It has been concluded that both citations and adjectives of importance are viable tools to explore typical features of interdisciplinary writing in the fields explored. Furthermore, it has been suggested that the findings reported are useful to the description of different types of relationships between disciplines when interacting in the matrix of interdisciplinary fields.
Are Children More at Risk of Being Sexually Abused if Their Mothers Were Sexually Abused as Children

Due to the increase in child sexual abuse allegations, it is essential to know possible predictors or risk factors to aid in prevention. This study examines the correlation between a mother who was sexually abused as a thild and the increased risk of her children being sexually abused. The sample consisted of 60 child sexual abuse investigations conducteG at Lucas County (Ohio) Children Services. A comparison was made between the investigations disposition, for instance substantiated, ind.cated or unsubstantiated, and the mothers' self-repo,". _ of being sexually abused as children. The results from this study showed a positive relationship between the mothers who were sexually abused during childhood and their having children who were sexually abused. Contains seven references. (Author) ********************************************************************:. :,A Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Child Sexual Abuse 1 Running head: CHILDREN AT RISK OF BEING SEXUALLY ABUSED Are Children More at Risk of Being Sexually Abused if Their Mothers Were Sexually Abused as Children? Nancy L. Savich Lucas County Children Services