Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the "Gypsy Question": The Tale of the Romanian Roma and Solutions to Romani Integration

The Roma are a misunderstood and often controversial minority in Europe and across the globe, even their name is a source of dispute; e.g., “Roma” versus “Gypsy. ” Although difficult, Romani integration into Romanian society is possible; however, this integration requires an informed approach in policy and public attitude. Often times, local governmental focus centers not on what can be done for the Roma, but what can be done about them. This approach lacks understanding, although its sentiment is the basis of the “Gypsy Question,” both in Romania and in Europe. Integration of the Roma, at its foundation, requires an understanding of (a) who the Roma are, including correct terminology when referring to the Romani people; (b) from where the Roma originate and their subsequent treatment since arriving in Europe; and (c) why previous integration policies have failed and what solutions exist to overcome barriers to integration. As policy makers move forward from this groundwork, the Roma may finally find a home in Europe and Romania.
Vision-based target detection in road environments

This paper describes a target detection system on road environments based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) and monocular vision. The final goal is to provide car-to-car time gap. The challenge is to use a single camera as input, in order to achieve a low cost final system that meets the requirements needed to undertake serial production in automotive industry. The basic feature of the detected objects are first located in the image using vision and then combined with a SVM-based classifier. An intelligent learning approach is proposed in order to better deal with objects variability, illumination conditions, partial occlusions and rotations. A large database containing thousands of object examples extracted from real road images has been created for learning purposes. The classifier is trained using SVM in order to be able to classify cars and trucks. In addition, the vehicle detection system described in this paper provides early detection of passing cars and assigns lane to target vehicles. In the paper, we present and discuss the results achieved up to date in real traffic conditions.
Effects of Withaferin A on A549 Cellular Proliferation and Apoptosis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells

Lung cancer is the leading cause for tumor-associated deaths, in which non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85% and most patients are in advanced stages with poor therapeutic efficacy when diagnosed (Jemal et al., 2010; Cho et al.,2013; Lu et al., 2013; Wang et al., 2013; Yan et al., 2013; Kim et al., 2014). Though there has been great development in clinical treatment of NSCLC, its prognosis is still unsatisfactory due to the low rate of 5-year survival in clinic (Verdecchia et al., 2007). Therefore, seeking more effective drugs for NSCLC is of great significance in its clinical treatment. Withaferin A is an active ingredient extracted from Withania omnifera (Yu et al., 2013), which possesses the functions of regulating immunity and anti-inflammation, etc. In recent years, it has also been discovered that Withaferin A has anti-tumor activity and is effective in inhibiting multiple tumors, such as breast cancer, etc. (Hahm et al., 2013; Lee et al., 2013). NSCLC cell line A549 was selected in this study to explore the effect of Withaferin A on A549 cellular
Introducing New Trends for Persian CAPTCHA

To distinguish between human user and computer program to enhance security, a popular test called CAPTCHA is used on Web. CAPTCHA has an important role in preventing Denial Of Service (DOS) attacks in computer networks. There are many different types of CAPTCHA in different languages. Due to the expansion of Persian-language and documents on internet, creating a suitable Persian CAPTCHA seems to be necessary. In this paper, we introduce three different types for Persian CAPTCHA in different domains. In the first type, based on the particular characteristics of Persian writing such as contiguous writing and image processing techniques, high strength CAPTCHA is provided. In the second type, the meaning of Persian words are used to creating CAPTCHA and in the third type, the combination of image processing techniques and the meaning of Persian words are used. Experimental results show that proposed CAPTCHAs has high security against attacks while Persian people can easily recognize them.
Overeducation in the Australian Labour Market : Its Incidence and Effects

Overeducation is a form of labour underutilisation which occurs when the formal education level of a worker exceeds that which is required for the job. It is a form of underemployment that imposes significant costs on individuals and economies. Using data from the Negotiating the Life Course survey this study determines the incidence and effects of overeducation in the Australian labour market. This study found that 27.1 per cent of individuals are overeducated, and the incidence is higher among those who are young, have preschool-aged children, work in large firms and have fewer years of tenure. A positive relationship was also found between timerelated and skill-related underemployment. Overeducation is found to impose costs on individuals, reducing earnings by between 10 and 20 per cent and lowering job satisfaction.
Pricing and Hedging Quanto Options in Energy Markets

In energy markets, the use of quanto options has increased significantly in recent years. The payoff from such options are typically written on an underlying energy index and a measure of temperature. They are suited to managing the joint price and volume risk in energy markets. Using a Heath-Jarrow-Morton approach, we derive a closed-form option pricing formula for energy quanto options under the assumption that the underlying assets are lognormally distributed. Our approach encompasses several interesting cases, such as geometric Brownian motions and multifactor spot models. We also derive Delta and Gamma expressions for hedging. Further, we illustrate the use of our model by an empirical pricing exercise using NewYork Mercantile Exchange-traded natural gas futures and Chicago Mercantile Exchange-traded heating degree days futures for New York.
ADABOOST-BASED FEATURE RELEVANCE ASSESSMENT IN FUSING LIDAR AND IMAGE DATA FOR CLASSIFICATION OF TREES AND VEHICLES IN URBAN SCENES

Abstract. In this paper, we present an integrated strategy to comprehensively evaluate the feature relevance of point cloud and image data for classification of trees and vehicles in urban scenes. First of all, point cloud and image data are co-registered by backprojection with available orientation parameters if necessary. After that, all data points are grid-fitted into the raster format in order to facilitate acquiring spatial context information per pixel/point. Then, various spatial-statistical and radiometric features can be extracted using a cylindrical volume neighborhood. Classification results as labeled pixels can be acquired from the classifier, and after appropriate refinements we obtain the objects of trees and vehicles. Compared to other methods which have assessed the classification and relevance simultaneously using a single classifier, we first introduce AdaBoost classifier combined with contribution ratio to provide both classification results and measures of feature relevance, and then utilize Random Forest classifier to evaluate and compare the feature relevance from a more independent viewpoint. In order to confirm the accuracy and reliability of classification and feature relevance results, we consider not only characteristics of the classifiers itself, but also errors of data co-registration and alterable parameters. We apply the procedure to two different datasets. In the dataset requiring co-registration a-priori, the AdaBoost classifier even achieves a great accuracy of 96.99% for trees and 83.45% for vehicles. The quantitative results of feature relevance assessment highlight the most important features for classification of tree covers and vehicles, such as NDVI, LiDAR intensity, planarity and entropy. By comparative analysis of the two independent approaches, the reliable and consistent feature selection for classification of trees and vehicles from LiDAR and image data could be validated and achieved, being unrelated to the classifiers.
Detecting the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect with stacked voids

The stacking of cosmic microwave background (CMB) patches has been recently used to detect the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect (iSW). When focusing on the locations of superstructures identified in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), Granett et al. (2008a, Gr08) found a signal with strong significance and an amplitude reportedly higher than expected within the CDM paradigm. We revisit the analysis using our own robust protocol, and extend the study to the two most recent and largest catalogues of voids publicly available. We quantify and subtract the level of foreground contamination in the stacked images and determine the contribution on the largest angular scales from the first multipoles of the CMB. We obtain the radial temperature and photometry profiles from the stacked images. Using a Monte Carlo approach, we computed the statistical significance of the profiles for each catalogue and identified the angular scale at which the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) is maximum. We essentially confirm the signal detection reported by Gr08, but for the other two catalogues, a rescaling of the voids to the same size on the stacked image is needed to find any significant signal (with a maximum at 2:4 ). This procedure reveals that the photometry peaks at unexpectedly large angles in the case of the Gr08 voids, in contrast to voids from other catalogues. Conversely, the photometry profiles derived from the stacked voids of these other catalogues contain small central hot spots of uncertain origin. We also stress the importance of a posteriori selection effects that might arise when intending to increase the S/N, and we discuss the possible impact of void overlap and alignment effects. We argue that the interpretation in terms of an iSW effect of any detected signal via the stacking method is far from obvious.
Loss Calculation and Optimization Design of High Frequency Transformer

In this paper, the magnetization and loss properties are analyzed and compared of topical magnetic materials. The calculation methods are studied for the losses of the core and windings of the High Frequency Transformer (HFT). Based on the evaluation of the temperature increment, an optimization method is presented for the design of HFT. Finally, the losses of a test model of HFT is calculated and the results are compared with those tested.
On radial reductions of international indirect taxes under the origin principle

This paper deals with the welfare effects of radial or equiproportional reductions of international indirect taxes when these are levied according to the origin principle. Focusing on the analysis of radial reductions of indirect taxes as a collective response to the tax-induced distortions on trade it is argued that this reform is potentially Pareto-improving. The discussion provides a further example of the parallelism that has sometimes been advanced between the welfare effects of multilateral tax reforms under the origin and destination principles.
EVALUATION AND TESTING OF SEVERAL FREE/OPEN SOURCE WEB VULNERABILITY SCANNERS

Web Vulnerability Scanners (WVSs) are software tools for identifying vulnerabilities in web applications. There are commercial WVSs, free/open source WVSs, and some companies offer them as a Software-as-a-Service. In this paper, we test and evaluate six free/open source WVSs using the web application WackoPicko with many known vulnerabilities, primary for false negative rates.
Estudio, definición e implementación de una ontología para la creación y consulta de una base de datos relacional sobre datos obtenidos del linaje de las parcelas catastrales.

En los ultimos anos la evolucion de la informacion compartida por internet ha cambiado enormemente, llegando a convertirse en lo que llamamos hoy la Web Semantica. Este termino, acunado en 2004, muestra una manera mas “inteligente” de compartir los datos, de tal manera que estos puedan ser entendibles por una maquina o por cualquier persona en el mundo. Ahora mismo se encuentra en fase de expansion, prueba de ello es la cantidad de grupos de investigacion que estan actualmente dedicando sus esfuerzos al desarrollo e implementacion de la misma y la amplitud de tematicas que tienen sus trabajos. Con la aparicion de la Web Semantica, la tendencia de las bases de datos de nueva creacion se esta empezando a inclinar hacia la creacion de ontologias mas o menos sencillas que describan las bases de datos y asi beneficiarse de las posibilidades de interoperabilidad que aporta. Con el presente trabajo se pretende el estudio de los beneficios que aporta la implementacion de una ontologia en una base de datos relacional ya creada, los trabajos necesarios para ello y las herramientas necesarias para hacerlo. Para ello se han tomado unos datos de gran interes y, como continuacion a su trabajo, se ha implementado la ontologia. Estos datos provienen del estudio de un metodo para la obtencion automatizada del linaje de las parcelas registradas en el catastro espanol. Abstract: In the last years the evolution of the information shared on the Internet has dramatically changed, emerging what is called Semantic Web. This term appeared in 2004, defining a “smarter” way of sharing data. Data that could be understood by machines or by any human around the world. Nowadays, the Semantic Web is in expansion phase, as it can be probed by the amount of research groups working on this approach and the wide thematic range of their work. With the appearance of the Semantic Web, current database technologies are supported by the creation of ontologies which describe them and therefore get a new set of interoperability possibilities from them. This work focuses in the study of the benefits given by the implementation of an ontology in a created relational database, the steps to follow and the tools necessary to get it done. The study has been done by using data of considerable interest, coming from a study of the lineage of parcels registered in the Spanish cadaster. As a continuation of this work an ontology has been implemented.
Reidemeister torsion of Seifert fibered homology lens spaces and Dehn surgery

We provide necessary conditions on the Alexander polynomial of a knot K in a homology sphere and on surgery coefficients p/q for the surgered manifold to be a Seifert fibered space over S 2 . As an application, we show that no p/q -surgery with p > 3 on a knot in a homology sphere with the same Alexander polynomial as the figure eight knot can produce a Seifert fibered space with base S 2 . The main tool is the abelian Reidemeister torsion.
Serovar and Drug Sensitivity of Salmonella Isolated in Kenya

Thirty-three strains of Salmonella isolated in Kwale District, Coast Province, Kenya, were tested for their serovars and drug sensitivities to tetracycline, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid and aminobenzyl-penicillin. Number of strains belong-
Aid and domestic resource mobilization with a focus on Sub-Saharan Africa

Increasing tax revenues in low income countries is essential to address future development finance requirements. This is particularly important for aid recipients, the focus of this paper. Theory shows that although there are many ways in which aid can have indirect effects on tax revenue, the direct effects arise because aid and tax are alternative sources of revenue and political economy factors influence the choices made by government. Aid may discourage tax effort if viewed as a politically less costly source of revenue. Under different conditions, the policies and reforms associated with aid may increase revenue, through promoting growth, encouraging more efficient tax structures or supporting reforms to tax administration. While cross-country evidence reveals no systematic pattern, country studies show that aid can be associated with administrative and efficiency reforms to increase tax revenue. The conclusion discusses how aid and donors can promote increasing domestic tax revenue.
Network-Coded Relaying in Multiuser Multicast D2D Network

D2D communication trades short-range communication for achieving high communication rate and short communication latency. Relay aided D2D communication can further tackle the problem of intermediate obstacles blocking the communication. In this work, multidevice multicast communication via a layer of parallel relay nodes is considered. Two relaying strategies, respectively, called the conventional relaying (CR) and network-coded relaying (NCR), are proposed. The throughput of these two schemes is analytically derived and evaluated through numerical study. Theoretically, NCR shows advantage over CR in twofold: one is higher throughput and the other is requiring less relay nodes and, hence, consuming less aggregate power. Numerical studies verify the analysis and show that the throughput performance gap between the two schemes increases significantly, actually exponentially with the number of devices.
Learning motivation and giftedness in sociocultural diverse Latin America and the Caribbean societies

This theoretical review aims to integrate state-of-the-art learning motivation theoretical concepts within the context of gifted and talent development models for native children living in Latin America and the Caribbean sociocultural diverse societies. Motivation as a determinant factor and a promoter of gifted achievement is analyzed. Also the relation between motivation, outstanding performance and underachievement is discussed and tendencies found in social-emotional development of the gifted linked to motivation are explored. Final remarks are given on the significant role of motivation in the achievement of gifted and talented children living under diverse socio-cultural influences that bias their performance on standardized measures. Recommendations highlight the importance of further research, in order to reach a convergence of theoretical and practical elements needed to promote Latin American childrens talent.
SEARCHING FOR THE ULTIMATE COW: THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF RFI AT BULL SALES

Selecting cattle that consume less feed without production losses can increase the profitability of cow/calf producers by reducing input costs. However, genetic selection based on historical measures of feed efficiency or feed to gain ratios (F:G) is unable to improve this trait because of correlations between feed efficiencies and gain traits. Residual feed intake (RFI) is an alternative measure of feed efficiency that is independent of body weight (BW) and growth traits. RFI is the difference between an animal’s actual feed intake and expected feed intake. For example, an animal that consumes 3 pounds less feed than expected would be assigned a RFI of -3 and is considered more feed efficient than those with larger RFI measures. Seed stock producers sell bulls to cow/calf producers. Cow/calf producers select bulls that are perceived to have the greatest potential to improve the genetics of breeding cows and/or their offspring. Bull sales often provide sale catalogs to potential buyers that contain various performance measures including expected progeny differences (EPDs) and simple performance measures (SPMs). These measures provide information to purchasers so that rational decisions regarding genetic improvements can be made. Midland Bull Test (MBT) in Columbus, MT conducts bull performance tests on 1,200 bulls annually for bull producers throughout the Unites States. In 2008 and 2009, MBT used a new technology (GrowSafe) to record individual feed intake which allows for the calculation of RFI. These measures, along with performance EPDs, provide the basis for a linear hedonic price model to determine if bull purchasers value RFI. Regression results indicate buyers are willing to pay additional amounts for bulls that are RFI efficient. However, buyers appear to be valuing RFI below its theoretical contribution to cost reductions because of risk and uncertainty. Purchasers at the MBT bull sales valued gain traits, birth weight, and age more highly than RFI. If this behavior is consistent in other markets and buyers continue to value RFI, it would be reasonable to expect an RFI EPD to be developed in the future.
Thermal & Hydraulic Characteristics ofSingle phase flow in Mini-channel forElectronic cooling Review

Limitations of air cooling give motivation to apply liquid cooling for high heat flux dissipation because the integrated circuits observe an exponential growth in number of transistors following the conjecture of Mooreâs Law over last few decades. Micro/Mini channel is one of the candidates for high heat flux dissipation. To understand performance of cooling at micro/mini scale, fluid flow & heat transfer need to study. The parameters which affect the behaviour of fluid flow are mass flow rate, specific heat of fluid, geometry & Surface texture of channel would play major role over here. According to scaling law, as compactness increases, heat transfer increases & pressure drop decreases. Increasing the hydraulic diameter from micro to mini scale configurations, we can get heat transfer coefficient sufficient at a relatively lower pressure drop for specific application. It is need to focus on applicability of conventional correlation at this scale, and analyze reasons for deviation from experimental result. So, here single phase liquid flow in mini channel is reviewed.
DETERMINATION OF ANTIRADICAL ACTIVITY OF Psidium guajava L. FRUIT WITH DPPH METHOD and TOTAL PHENOLIC AND FLAVONOID CONTENT Iqbal

Free radical has known as causes of some degenerative diseases. Antiradical compound in certain concenteration does not give effect significantly as antiradical has encourage the scientist to explore antiradical from natural exogen, Psidium guajava Linn fruit known has chemical substance that play as antiradical such as fenol an flavonoid. The aims of the research were to determine antiradical activity and correlation between phenolic and flavonoid content with antiradical activity of fruit extract of guava and the residue. Antiradical activities determine by DPPH method, and then IC50 calculated based on absorbance of sample and blank. IC50 is concentration that can catch 50% of DPPH radical. Total fenolic content measured by spectrophotometry Folin-Ciocalteu r e a g e n t and determined as GAE (Gallic Acid Equivalent). Total flavonoid content measured by colorimetric method usi n g AlCl3 reagent and determined as RE (Rutine Equivalent). The result showed that guava fruit extract and ethyl acetat residue extract has antiradical activity with value of IC50 380.74; 32.5 μg/mL, respectively. Concentration of total fenolic and flavonoid in guava extract and athyl acetat residue extract has a positive c o r r e l a t i o n w i t h antiradical wich total fenolic concentration of guava fruit in mg/g sample are 20.31 dan 56.53 while total flavonoid concentration in mg/g sample are 2.51 dan 90.70, respectively. Key word: Radical scavenger, guava fruit extract, ethyl acetat extract of guava fruit’s residue, DPPH, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content