Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Silicon quantum dots in microdisk resonators: whispering-gallery modes, stress-induced Q-factor tuning and enhancement

We report on visible light emission from Si quantum dot (QD) based optically active microdisk resonators. Room temperature photoluminescence from single microdisks shows the characteristic modal structure of whispering-gallery modes (WGM). Highest quality factors of up to 7000 at visible wavelengths, where Si QDs absorb strongly, have been measured for the first time. Apart from conventional flat and circular resonators, we demonstrate for the first time a new class of active microdisk resonators with out-of-plane bending. In these devices, composed of silicon nitride, Si3N4 and Si QD-rich silicon oxide, SiOx, materials, the engineered stress at the interfaces results in bent-up (cup-like) and bent-down (umbrella-like) resonators, depending on which material is used as a top layer. Both type of bent devices support perfectly WGMs and, quite unexpectedly, offer a rich and interesting physics, in particular, the possibility of tuning and enhancing the Q-factor band of WGM modes in bent disks. Generally, the wavelength dispersion of two main different loss-channels, the material absorption and radiative losses, result in a limited bandwidth where the highest Q-factors can be observed (Qband). We show here, that in a bent resonator, with respect to a flat one (same diameter, thickness and amount of Si3N4 and SiOx materials in both), the maximum of the Q-factor band blue-shifts by more than 70nm (from 832nm to 760nm). In addition, the absolute maximum of Q-band in a bent resonator is 3-4 times higher than that of the flat disk at the wavelength of 760nm. We explain this phenomenon by a smart interplay between the modified dispersions of material absorption and radiative loss related Q-factors (simultaneous increase of Qmat and decrease of Qrad). Importantly, this tuning scheme does not require larger device sizes, but rather utilizes self-adjustment properties of originally stressed resonator core. Remarkably, the bent resonators benefit from unmodified free-spectral range and cleaner WGM spectra due to the absence of higher order mode families.
The Children's Machine

A portable sheetboard cutting machine of the type in which a saw is slidably mounted on guide rails which extend upwardly across and in front of a work supporting frame. The guide rails may be moved horizontally along the frame and rotated in a plane parallel to the frame into any desired angular position with respect to the vertical. In this way, the operator can make both horizontal and angular cuts without moving the sheetboard on the frame.
Efficient calculation of relative binding free energies by umbrella sampling perturbation

An important task of biomolecular simulation is the calculation of relative binding free energies upon chemical modification of partner molecules in a biomolecular complex. The potential of mean force (PMF) along a reaction coordinate for association or dissociation of the complex can be used to estimate binding affinities. A free energy perturbation approach, termed umbrella sampling (US) perturbation, has been designed that allows an efficient calculation of the change of the PMF upon modification of a binding partner based on the trajectories obtained for the wild type reference complex. The approach was tested on the interaction of modified water molecules in aqueous solution and applied to in silico alanine scanning of a peptide‐protein complex. For the water interaction test case, excellent agreement with an explicit PMF calculation for each modification was obtained as long as no long range electrostatic perturbations were considered. For the alanine scanning, the experimentally determined ranking and binding affinity changes upon alanine substitutions could be reproduced within 0.1–2.0 kcal/mol. In addition, good agreement with explicitly calculated PMFs was obtained mostly within the sampling uncertainty. The combined US and perturbation approach yields, under the condition of sufficiently small system modifications, rigorously derived changes in free energy and is applicable to any PMF calculation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metabolic rate depression in animals: transcriptional and translational controls

Metabolic rate depression is an important survival strategy for many animal species and a common element of hibernation, torpor, aestivation, anaerobiosis, diapause, and anhydrobiosis. Studies of the biochemical mechanisms that regulate reversible transitions to and from hypometabolic states are identifying principles of regulatory control that are conserved across phylogenetic lines and that are broadly applied to the control of multiple cell functions. One such mechanism is reversible protein phosphorylation which is now known to contribute to the regulation of fuel metabolism, to ion channel arrest, and to the suppression of protein synthesis during hypometabolism. The present review focuses on two new areas of research in hypometabolism:(1) the role of differential gene expression in supplying protein products that adjust metabolism or protect cell functions for long‐term survival, and (2) the mechanisms of protein life extension in hypometabolism involving inhibitory controls of transcription, translation and protein degradation. Control of translation examines reversible phosphorylation regulation of ribosomal initiation and elongation factors, the dissociation of polysomes and storage of mRNA transcripts during hypometabolism, and control over the translation of different mRNA types by differential sequestering of mRNA into polysome versus monosome fractions. The analysis draws primarily from current research on two animal models, hibernating mammals and anoxia‐tolerant molluscs, with selected examples from multiple other sources.
Private sector participation in child health : a review of World Bank projects, 1993-2002

There is an increasing amount of evidence to support the view that the private sector significantly influences child health and nutrition outcomes through both service provision and supply of health related goods. In this context, this paper analyzes World Bank projects in Health, Nutrition and Population between fiscal years 1993-2002. The paper identifies the range of approaches taken to involve the private sector in improving child health outcomes; the actors involved; the type of activities supported by the projects; and examples of successful private sector participation. The paper's concludes: As measured by the proportion of projects (more than 50 perccent) that involved the private sector in child health, private sector participation was significant. As measured by the magnitude of involvement (budget amounts and stated project objectives), the degree of private sector participation was relatively small for most projects. Since most projects did not mention a systematic assessment of potential and opportunities to engage the private sector, it was difficult to assess whether or not engagement of the private sector was intentional. It was not possible to analyze how and if private sector participation resulted in better health for children, as private sector monitoring indicators measured process and not outcomes. The paper recommends: Encourage engagement of the private sector in World Bank projects addressing child health outcomes. Increase support to World Bank staff and its clients, for example through manuals or toolkits and field demonstrations of successful strategies to engage the private sector in child health programs. Conduct systematic assessments of the potential of the private sector to contribute to improved child health programs. Develop indicators that can measure which approaches lead from private sector engagement to better health for children. Incorporate mechanisms, such as health insurance, risk sharing, subsidies and targeted public health expenditures, to protect the poor and ensure that they are not further impoverished due to payments for health care services.
Prosthetic Abutment Height is a Key Factor in Peri-implant Marginal Bone Loss

In this study, we analyzed the influence of prosthetic abutment height on marginal bone loss (MBL) around implants in the posterior maxilla. In this retrospective cohort study, the radiographically determined MBL was related to the height of the abutments of internal conical connection implants at 6 and 18 months post-loading. Data were gathered on age, sex, bone substratum, smoking habit, history of periodontitis, and prosthetic features, among other variables. A linear mixed model was used for statistical analysis. The study included 131 patients receiving 315 implants. MBL rates at 6 and 18 months were mainly affected by the abutment height but were also significantly influenced by the bone substratum, periodontitis, and smoking habit. MBL rates were higher for prosthetic abutment < 2 mm vs. ≥ 2 mm, for periodontal vs. non-periodontal patients, for grafted vs. pristine bone, and for a heavier smoking habit. The abutment height is a key factor in MBL. MBL rates followed a non-linear trend, with a greater MBL rate during the first 6 months post-loading than during the next 12 months.
Internet connectivity among people experiencing poverty and deprivation

Access to the digital world can have a positive impact on people’s standard of living, life capabilities, sense of inclusion and wellbeing, and is fast becoming an ‘essential of life’ in developed countries. While the majority of Australians enjoy the benefits that access to the Internet can provide, millions are still missing out on important online services and opportunities. In-depth research is starting to uncover a range of factors that can influence digital inclusion among non-users of the Internet generally. Results from a 2013 Hardship Survey show the disparity in Internet connectivity between people experiencing poverty and deprivation and Australians generally. The paper presents detailed findings from the survey on Internet connectivity. It concludes with suggestions to enhance smartphone usage that might help bridge the ‘digital divide’ for this population subgroup.
Hadoop security models - a study

The new emerging technology to handle large number of dataset in an efficient manner is the big data which is used in various different platforms and domain to support several services and improve the system performance in a reliable manner. The main weakness in this domain is the security which can be easily destroyed or surpassed by the user. To enhance it in a protected way this paper provides a detailed survey about the various security mechanisms and methodologies used in the big data technique. These security measures should satisfy basic parameters such as Authentication, Authorization and confidentiality so that the system is stronger against different attacks and threats. Various different algorithms and technique can be proposed to improve the system protection and enables a reliable platform in the storage of datasets.
Too Much of a Good Thing? The Dual Effect of Public Sponsorship on Organizational Performance

Existing research provides contradictory insights on the effect of public sponsorship on the market performance of organizations. We develop the nascent theory on sponsorship by highlighting the dual and contingent nature of the relationship between public sponsorship and market performance. By arguing that sponsorship differentially affects resource accumulation and allocation mechanisms, we suggest two opposing firm-level effects, leading to an inverted U-shaped relationship between the amount of public sponsorship received and the market performance of sponsored organizations. This non-linear relationship, we argue, is moderated by the breadth, depth and focus of the focal organization's resource accumulation and allocation patterns. While horizontal scope (i.e. increased breadth) and externally oriented resource profile (i.e. reduced depth) strengthen the relationship, market orientation (i.e. increased focus) attenuates it. We test and find strong support for our hypotheses using population data on French film production firms from 1998 to 2008. Our work highlights the performance trade-offs associated with public sponsorship, and carries important managerial and policy implications.
UTILIZAÇÃO DO MÉTODO MULTICRITÉRIO TODIM-FSE PARA CLASSIFICAÇÃO DE BASE LOGÍSTICA DE BRIGADA

Logistic support is one of the most important aspects of military operations. A set of logistic facilities such as storages, hospitals and mechanic shops are needed in order to handle de demands of such operations. These facilities must be placed inside a zone known as “Base Logistica de Brigada”. The decisions involving this area are quite complex not only because the high number of candidate areas but also due to the conflicting criteria involved in the selection. The criteria may be subjective or dependent in different scales. This paper proposes the use of the analytic multi-criteria method TODIM-FSE for supporting in bases classification using rules established by the Brazilian Army. Our conclusion is that there are opportunities to improve logistic decisions and, consequently, improve resources management.
Implementing Risk Management Processes into a Cloud Computing Environment

With the significant advances in Information and Communications Technology ICT over the last half a century, the Cloud computing paradigm is one of the most discussed topics in the field of ICT today. Additionally, Cloud computing has a critical role in today's business world. Without risk management processes embedded into innovative technology that supports Cloud computing, businesses are setting themselves up for a fall. Hence, in this paper, the authors propose a conceptual model of implementing risk management processes into a Cloud computing environment. It highlights the different processes of risk management risk identification, risk analysis, risk planning, risk execution, and risk monitoring and how their existence can affect the Cloud environment to ensure proper protection of data and information in order to ensure Cloud networks and connections are secure.
Subcontracting dimensions in the small and medium enterprises: Study of auto components’ manufacturing industry in India

Small and medium enterprises occupy a place of strategic importance in the economic development of India. Growth of these enterprises depends on the large enterprises or the original equipment manufacturers as significant proportions of the small and medium enterprises are linked with the large enterprises through industrial subcontracting. Although the large enterprises have registered rapid growth with the advent of globalization and flow of foreign direct investment, a similar growth is not observed in the small and medium enterprises. Most of the small and medium enterprises are unable to perform as per the expectation of the partner large enterprises and are finding it difficult to maintain healthy subcontracting relationship with the large enterprises as the small and medium enterprises are constrained in their infrastructural resources such as technology, finance, marketing and human resources. In order to improve their subcontracting relationships, the small and medium enterprises need to develop their capabilities in line with the needs and the requirements of the large enterprises. In this article, a resource-based view of strategy is adopted to identify the key factors for the small and medium enterprises that would improve their sustenance. A survey on Indian automotive component manufacturing industry reveals that technological and financial dimensions are more important and “fostering new components development,” “customized investments” and “market-oriented pricing” are the key variables for the small and medium enterprises to develop healthy subcontracting relationships with the original equipment manufacturer.
Malaria: fluid therapy in severe disease.

INTRODUCTION Severe malaria mainly affects children aged under 5 years, non-immune travellers, migrants to malarial areas, and people living in areas with unstable or seasonal malaria. Cerebral malaria, causing encephalopathy and coma, is fatal in around 20% of children and adults, and may lead to neurological sequelae in survivors. Severe malarial anaemia may have a mortality rate of over 13%. The role of fluid resuscitation in severe malaria is complex and controversial. Volume expansion could help to improve impaired organ perfusion and correct metabolic acidosis. However, rapid volume expansion could aggravate intracranial hypertension associated with cerebral malaria, leading to an increased risk of cerebral herniation. METHODS AND OUTCOMES We conducted a systematic overview, aiming to answer the following clinical question: What is the optimal method of fluid resuscitation in patients with severe malaria? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to December 2014 (Clinical Evidence overviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this overview). RESULTS At this update, searching of electronic databases retrieved 187 studies. After deduplication and removal of conference abstracts, 93 records were screened for inclusion in the overview. Appraisal of titles and abstracts led to the exclusion of 82 studies and the further review of 11 full publications. Of the 11 full articles evaluated, two systematic reviews and three RCTs were added at this update. We performed a GRADE evaluation for seven PICO combinations. CONCLUSIONS In this systematic overview, we categorised the efficacy for three interventions based on information about the effectiveness and safety of human albumin, intravenous fluids, and whole blood or plasma.
Corporate social responsibility: management and methods

This article gives an overview of recent Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) handbooks to illustrate that the field is of immediate interest and relevance for scholars and practitioners. It gives a background to CSR and how the field relates to management and methods and introduces the four articles of this special issue. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Treatment of moderate rheumatoid arthritis with different strategies in a health resource-limited setting: a cost-effectiveness analysis in the era of biosimilars.

OBJECTIVES This paper aims to explore the cost-effectiveness of reduced doses or discontinuation of etanercept biosimilar (Yisaipu) in patients with moderately active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS A discrete event simulation model was developed to project lifetime medical costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) in moderately active RA. Strategies starting with Yisaipu 50 mg/week for nine months following Yisaipu 50 mg/week, 25 mg/week or MTX maintenance were compared. Resource consumptions related to RA were estimated from the perspective of the Chinese health care system. An endpoint of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) response was used to estimate the utility scores. Uncertainty in model parameters was analysed by sensitivity analyses. RESULTS When using ACR as an endpoint for determining successful treatment, strategies starting with Yisaipu 50 mg/week for nine months following Yisaipu 50 mg/week or 25 mg/week maintenance showed the greatest number of QALYs gained (nearly 11.9 and 11.3 with or without rituximab after the failure of Yisaipu, respectively). If decision makers use a threshold of 3×the per capita GDP of China or Shanghai City in 2012, then the strategies most likely to be cost-effective are initial treatment with Yisaipu 50 mg/week for nine months following MTX maintenance and Yisaipu 25 mg/week maintenance, respectively. Results were sensitive to the cost of Yisaipu. CONCLUSIONS The analysis indicates that, in China, replacing branded etanercept with Yisaipu is likely to be a cost-effective strategy in patients with moderately active RA.
Drivers and implications of change in global ocean health over the past five years

Growing international and national focus on quantitatively measuring and improving ocean health has increased the need for comprehensive, scientific, and repeated indicators to track progress towards achieving policy and societal goals. The Ocean Health Index (OHI) is one of the few indicators available for this purpose. Here we present results from five years of annual global assessment for 220 countries and territories, evaluating potential drivers and consequences of changes and presenting lessons learned about the challenges of using composite indicators to measure sustainability goals. Globally scores have shown little change, as would be expected. However, individual countries have seen notable increases or declines due in particular to improvements in the harvest and management of wild-caught fisheries, the creation of marine protected areas (MPAs), and decreases in natural product harvest. Rapid loss of sea ice and the consequent reduction of coastal protection from that sea ice was also responsible for declines in overall ocean health in many Arctic and sub-Arctic countries. The OHI performed reasonably well at predicting near-term future scores for many of the ten goals measured, but data gaps and limitations hindered these predictions for many other goals. Ultimately, all indicators face the substantial challenge of informing policy for progress toward broad goals and objectives with insufficient monitoring and assessment data. If countries and the global community hope to achieve and maintain healthy oceans, we will need to dedicate significant resources to measuring what we are trying to manage.
A new influenza virus virulence determinant: The NS1 protein four C-terminal residues modulate pathogenicity

The virulence of influenza virus is a multigenic trait. One determinant of virulence is the multifunctional NS1 protein that functions in several ways to defeat the cellular innate immune response. Recent large-scale genome sequence analysis of avian influenza virus isolates indicated that four C-terminal residues of the NS1 protein is a PDZ ligand domain of the X-S/T-X-V type and it was speculated that it may represent a virulence determinant. To test this hypothesis, by using mice as a model system, the four C-terminal amino acid residues of a number of influenza virus strains were engineered into the A/WSN/33 virus NS1 protein by reverse genetics and the pathogenicity of the viruses determined. Viruses containing NS1 sequences from the 1918 H1N1 and H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses demonstrated increased virulence in infected mice compared with wt A/WSN/33 virus, as characterized by rapid loss of body weight, decreased survival time, and decreased mean lethal dose. Histopathological analysis of infected mouse lung tissues demonstrated severe alveolitis, hemorrhaging, and spread of the virus throughout the entire lung. The increase in pathogenicity was not caused by the overproduction of IFN, suggesting the NS1 protein C terminus may interact with PDZ-binding protein(s) and modulate pathogenicity through alternative mechanisms.
Molecular order in mucolipidosis II and III nomenclature

Sara S. Cathey,* Mariko Kudo, Stephan Tiede, Annick Raas-Rothschild, Thomas Braulke, Michael Beck, Harold A. Taylor, William M. Canfield, Jules G. Leroy, Elizabeth F. Neufeld, and Victor A. McKusick Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina Genzyme Corporation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Lübeck, Germany Department of Human Genetics, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel Department of Biochemistry, Children’s Hospital, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany Children’s Hospital, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland