Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shelter Microhabitats Determine Body Temperature and Dehydration Rates of a Terrestrial Amphibian (Bufo marinus)

Abstract Selection of diurnal shelter sites varies significantly with season in the cane toad (Bufo marinus), and the aim of this paper is to determine how hydric and thermal conditions of shelter microhabitats changed with season and whether those changes explained seasonal differences in toad behavior. Body temperatures of cane toads were measured by telemetry, and dehydration rates and thermal conditions of shelter microhabitats were measured by using preserved toads as environmental probes. Live toads and preserved toad models were monitored monthly over a 18-month period. Laboratory experiments showed that toad models dehydrated at the same rate as live toads. In the field, dehydration rates varied significantly between seasons and shelter microhabitats, but dehydration rates were always significantly less in shelters compared to a nonshelter control. Daily average body temperature of toads was 16–30°C, and it changed seasonally in proportion to model temperature. Diurnal model temperature was significantly lower in shelters compared to the nonshelter control, but there were significant seasonal differences between shelter sites. It appears that access to suitable diurnal shelter sites is essential for survival of cane toads outside the wet season and that seasonal changes in environmental conditions influence shelter microhabitat selection.
Direct and indirect drivers of plant diversity responses to climate and clipping across northern temperate grassland

It is well known that climate can influence plant community assembly via a multitude of indirect and direct pathways. However, interpretations of plant diversity responses to simulated climate change experiments, and subsequent predictions of plant communities under future climate scenarios, rarely address the importance of indirect effects. Networks of direct and indirect effects are also critical in understanding linkages between climate and grazing, a common land use of grasslands, and implications for plant diversity. We characterized the roles of indirect vs. direct effects in determining plant diversity responses to climate and grazing using data from three northern temperate grasslands in which we conducted factorial experiments manipulating precipitation, air temperature, and clipping intensity. Utilizing a structural equation modeling framework to address the multivariate networks, we found warming operated directly, causing species loss at all sites. We identified shoot biomass as the key indire.
Treatment options in type-2 low asthma

Monoclonal antibodies targeting IgE or the type-2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13 are proving highly effective in reducing exacerbations and symptoms in people with severe allergic and eosinophilic asthma, respectively. However, these therapies are not appropriate for 30–50% of patients in severe asthma clinics who present with non-allergic, non-eosinophilic, “type-2 low” asthma. These patients constitute an important and common clinical asthma phenotype, driven by distinct, yet poorly understood pathobiological mechanisms. In this review we describe the heterogeneity and clinical characteristics of type-2 low asthma and summarise current knowledge on the underlying pathobiological mechanisms, which includes neutrophilic airway inflammation often associated with smoking, obesity and occupational exposures and may be driven by persistent bacterial infections and by activation of a recently described IL-6 pathway. We review the evidence base underlying existing treatment options for specific treatable traits that can be identified and addressed. We focus particularly on severe asthma as opposed to difficult-to-treat asthma, on emerging data on the identification of airway bacterial infection, on the increasing evidence base for the use of long-term low-dose macrolides, a critical appraisal of bronchial thermoplasty, and evidence for the use of biologics in type-2 low disease. Finally, we review ongoing research into other pathways including tumour necrosis factor, IL-17, resolvins, apolipoproteins, type I interferons, IL-6 and mast cells. We suggest that type-2 low disease frequently presents opportunities for identification and treatment of tractable clinical problems; it is currently a rapidly evolving field with potential for the development of novel targeted therapeutics. One-third of severe asthma is type-2 low, presenting a challenge to clinicians. This review provides an overview of the currently available treatment options, other treatable traits and a range of therapies in development. https://bit.ly/2YeNOQd
In vitro and in vivo induction of fetal hemoglobin with a reversible and selective DNMT1 inhibitor

Pharmacological induction of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) expression is an effective therapeutic strategy for the management of β-hemoglobinopathies such as sickle cell disease. DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors 5-azacytidine (5-aza) and 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (decitabine) have been shown to induce HbF expression in both preclinical models and clinical studies, but are not currently approved for the management of hemoglobinopathies. We report here the discovery of a novel class of orally bioavailable DNMT1-selective inhibitors as exemplified by GSK3482364. This molecule potently inhibits the methyltransferase activity of DNMT1, but not DNMT family members DNMT3A or DNMT3B. In contrast with cytidine analog DNMT inhibitors, the DNMT1 inhibitory mechanism of GSK3482364 does not require DNA incorporation and is reversible. In cultured human erythroid progenitor cells, GSK3482364 decreased overall DNA methylation resulting in derepression of the -globin genes HBG1 and HBG2 and increased HbF expression. In a transgenic mouse model of sickle cell disease, orally administered GSK3482364 caused significant increases in both HbF levels and in the percentage HbF-expressing erythrocytes, with good overall tolerability. We conclude that in these preclinical models, selective, reversible inhibition of DNMT1 is sufficient for the induction of HbF, and is well-tolerated. We anticipate that GSK3482364 will be a useful tool molecule for the further study of selective DNMT1 inhibition both in vitro and in vivo.
Differential regulation of corticotropin releasing factor 1α receptor endocytosis and trafficking by β‐arrestins and Rab GTPases

The corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) type 1α receptor, a member of the G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) subfamily B, is involved in the aetiology of anxiety and depressive disorders. In the present study, we examined the internalization and trafficking of the CRF1α receptor in both human embryonic kidney (HEK)293 cells and primary cortical neurons. We found that CRF1α receptor activation leads to the selective recruitment of β‐arrestin2 in both HEK293 cells and neurons. We observed distinct distribution patterns of CRF1α receptor and β‐arrestin2 in HEK293 cells and cortical neurons. In HEK293 cells, β‐arrestin2‐green fluorescent protein (GFP) co‐localized with CRF1α receptor in vesicles at the plasma membrane but was dissociated from the receptor in endosomes. In contrast, in primary cortical neurons, β‐arrestin2 and CRF1α receptor were internalized in distinct endocytic vesicles. By bioluminescence resonance energy transfer, we demonstrated that β‐arrestin2 association with CRF1α receptor was increased in cells transfected with G protein‐coupled receptor kinase (GRK)3 and GRK6 and decreased in cells transfected with GRK2 and GRK5. In both HEK293 cells and cortical neurons, internalized CRF1α receptor transited from Rab5‐positive early endosomes to Rab4‐positive recycling endosomes and was not targeted to lysosomes. However, CRF1α receptor resensitization was blocked by the overexpression of wild‐type, but not dominant‐negative, Rab5 and Rab4 GTPases. Taken together, our results suggest that β‐arrestin trafficking differs between HEK293 cells and neurons, and that CRF1α receptor resensitization is regulated in an atypical manner by Rab GTPases.
Deep Edu: A Deep Neural Collaborative Filtering for Educational Services Recommendation

In the modern world, people face an explosion of information and difficulty to find the right choice of their interest. Nowadays, people show interest in online shopping to meet their demands increasingly. For researchers and students, finding and buying the desired books from online shops is very tedious work. Recently Recommender System is an excellent tool to deal with such problems, but the Recommender System is suffering from multiple problems such as data sparsity, cold-start, and inaccuracy. To address these problems, we propose Deep Edu a novel Deep Neural Collaborative Filtering for educational services recommendation. A Deep Edu architecture consists of three parts of a Deep Neural Network model (such as input layer, a multilayered perceptron, and an output layer). The Deep Edu provides the following contributions: first, the users’ identifier and books identifier features are mapped into N-dimensional dense embedding vectors, second, the Multi-Layer-Perceptron (MLP) takes the N-dimensional and non-linear features. To increase the performance of Deep Edu in all metrics, we proposed the advance Loss function. Equipped with the following, Deep Edu not only capable of learning the N-dimensional and non-linear interactions between users’ identifier and books identifier, but moreover, it also considerably mitigates the cold-start, data sparsity, and inaccuracy problem. Over significant experiments performed on real-world good books dataset, the results show that Deep Edu’s recommendation performance obviously outperforms existing Educational services recommendation methods.
How do you Propose Your Code Changes? Empirical Analysis of Affect Metrics of Pull Requests on GitHub

Software engineering methodologies rely on version control systems such as git to store source code artifacts and manage changes to the codebase. Pull requests include chunks of source code, history of changes, log messages around a proposed change of the mainstream codebase, and much discussion on whether to integrate such changes or not. A better understanding of what contributes to a pull request fate and latency will allow us to build predictive models of what is going to happen and when. Several factors can influence the acceptance of pull requests, many of which are related to the individual aspects of software developers. In this study, we aim to understand how the affect (e.g., sentiment, discrete emotions, and valence-arousal-dominance dimensions) expressed in the discussion of pull request issues influence the acceptance of pull requests. We conducted a mining study of large git software repositories and analyzed more than 150,000 issues with more than 1,000,000 comments in them. We built a model to understand whether the affect and the politeness have an impact on the chance of issues and pull requests to be merged—i.e., the code which fixes the issue is integrated in the codebase. We built two logistic classifiers, one without affect metrics and one with them. By comparing the two classifiers, we show that the affect metrics improve the prediction performance. Our results show that valence (expressed in comments received and posted by a reporter) and joy expressed in the comments written by a reporter are linked to a higher likelihood of issues to be merged. On the contrary, sadness, anger, and arousal expressed in the comments written by a reporter, and anger, arousal, and dominance expressed in the comments received by a reporter, are linked to a lower likelihood of a pull request to be merged.
Dual Circularly Polarized Aperture Array Antenna in Gap Waveguide for High-Efficiency Ka-Band Satellite Communications

A novel fully metallic Ka-band dual circularly polarized antenna array is presented in this contribution. It consists of 64 circular apertures ( $8\times 8$ ) and it is implemented in gap waveguide technology. The antenna includes 4 layers, which are completely metallic, leading to a highly efficient performance. The experimental results confirm reflection coefficient values lower than −10 dB from 29 GHz to 31 GHz as well as stable radiation patterns throughout the whole frequency range. Good average axial ratio (AR) of 1.5 dB has been measured in the working band for both polarizations. Measured directivity is 28 dBi and antenna efficiency keeps close to 80%.
The Effects of UV‐B Radiation on Toad Mortality in Mountainous Areas of Central Spain

During the last decade, the decline and extinction of many amphibian species around the world have been reported in apparently undisturbed habitats in many geographic areas (Blaustein & Wake 1990; Wake 1991; Stebbins & Cohen 1995). Some emblematic species are the golden toad ( Bufo periglenes ; Pounds & Crump 1994) and the gastric-brooding frog ( Rheobatrachus silus ; Tyler 1991). Not all species, however, are affected within the same regions (Pechmann & Wilbur 1994). Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain this decline: natural fluctuations of the populations (see references in Blaustein et al. 1994 b ), global changes in climate, long drought periods, or the depletion of the ozone layer (Wake 1991; Tyler 1992; Blaustein 1994; Blaustein et al. 1994 a ; MacCoy 1994; Pechmann & Wilbur 1994; Pounds & Crump 1994; Travis 1994; Stebbins & Cohen 1995). A consequence of ozone depletion is an increase in UV-B radiation (280–315 nm), which is known to be harmful to many organisms (Worrest & Kimeldorf 1976; Diffey 1991; Moan 1991; Tevini 1993). Seasonal increases in UV-B radiation linked to ozone depletion have been documented for the polar regions (see references in Blaustein et al. 1994 b ), and now there is more evidence for an increase in UV-B levels in undisturbed temperate latitudes. Blaustein et al. (1994 a , 1995) related UV-B levels to different mortality rates in the embryos of several species of amphibians, especially anurans in mountain populations in Oregon, U.S.A. Although the phenomenon of mortality in amphibian embryos caused by UV-B is being studied increasingly in many populations in the United States, there are no studies of European species. The ozone layer has decreased by at least 10% in Spain in the last 20 years, especially in mountain areas (Cachorro et al. 1996). It is generally assumed that UV levels are greater at higher altitudes (Blumthaler & Ambach 1990). We present the results of a field study of the effect of UV-B on the mortality of embryos of two Palaearctic toad species, Bufo bufo and Bufo calamita .
Optimized joint LiFi coordinated multipoint joint transmission clustering and load balancing for hybrid LiFi and WiFi networks

Hybrid light fidelity (LiFi) and wireless fidelity (WiFi) networks provide a promising solution for future indoor wireless communication. Hybrid networks face the challenge of imbalanced cell load due to the uneven distribution of user equipment (UE), and they need to suppress inter-cell interference induced by the dense deployment of LiFi access points (APs). In this paper, with the aim to efficiently establish UE-AP associations and allocate resources, we propose a potential game (PG) aided design of joint user-centric LiFi coordinated multipoint (CoMP) joint transmission (JT) clustering and load balancing (LB). In our design, we formulate the joint design problem as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem, which integrates the requirement for the minimum data rate of each UE. With the aim to maximize the system throughput under proportional fairness constraints, we propose to build a PG model to solve the MINLP problem. Then we derive the Nash equilibrium based on the best-response dynamics, and thus a suboptimal solution is attained. Thanks to the space diversity gain brought by our joint LiFi CoMP-JT clustering and LB design, the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio can be improved. Thus, when the physical layer configurations remain the same, hybrid networks can achieve larger capacity and better reliability performances. Simulation results validate that hybrid networks using our presented design would achieve better throughput and satisfaction performances than benchmarks.
Concurrent advanced HIV disease and viral load suppression in a high-burden setting: Findings from the 2015–6 ZIMPHIA survey

Background As Zimbabwe approaches epidemic control of HIV, programs now prioritize viral load over CD4 monitoring, making it difficult to identify persons living with HIV (PLHIV) suffering from advanced disease (AD). We present an analysis of cross-sectional ZIMPHIA data, highlighting PLHIV with AD and concurrent viral load suppression (VLS). Methods ZIMPHIA collected blood specimens for HIV testing from 22,501 consenting adults (ages 15 years and older); 3,466 PLHIV had CD4 and VL results. Household HIV testing used the national serial algorithm, and those testing positive then received point-of-care CD4 enumeration with subsequent VL testing. We used logistic regression analysis to explore factors associated with concurrent AD and VLS (<1000 copies/mL). All analyses were weighted to account for complex survey design. Results Of the 3,466 PLHIV in the survey with CD4 and VL results, 17% were found to have AD (CD4<200cells/mm3). Of all AD patients, 30% had VLS. Concurrent AD and VLS was associated with male sex (aOR 2.45 95%CI 1.61–3.72), older age (35–49 years [aOR 2.46 95%CI 1.03–5.91] and 50+ years [aOR 4.82 95%CI 2.02–11.46] vs 15–24 years), and ART duration (<6 months [aOR 0.46 95%CI 0.29–0.76] and 6–24 months [aOR 2.07 95%CI 1.35–3.17] vs more than 2 years). The relationship between sex and AD is driven by age with significant associations among men aged 25–34, (aOR 3.37 95%CI 1.35–8.41), 35–49 (aOR 5.13 95%CI 2.16–12.18), and 50+ (aOR 12.56 95%CI 4.82–32.72) versus men aged 15–24. Conclusions The percentage of PLHIV with AD and VLS illustrates the conundrum of decreased support for CD4 monitoring, as these patients may not receive appropriate clinical services for advanced HIV disease. In high-prevalence settings such as Zimbabwe, CD4 monitoring support warrants further consideration to differentiate care appropriately for the most vulnerable PLHIV. Males may need to be prioritized, given their over-representation in this sub-population.
PR-Fuzzy Control Improvement of Doubly Fed Induction Generator During Grid Faults

By increasing the penetration of wind energy, it is necessary to study the behavior of different wind generators in different types of grid condition. One of the most important types of wind generators is a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). However, these generators also have problems during the power grid faults, which should be taken into account. Usually, these generators are controlled in a system that has a proportional integral controller. but proportional resonant controller (PR) has some advantages in comparison with PI controller. so, in this paper, an improved control strategy for rotor and grid side converter is presented based on the PR controller tuned to the grid frequency. On the other hand, DFIG is used in a dynamic system. so proportional and resonant gains must be adapted to the requirements of the system. Fuzzy controllers that designs based on information taken from system behavior can continuously adjust the control system parameters so that system performance improves. Therefore, in this paper, proportional resonant controllers tuned with fuzzy system are used to control the rotor and grid converter. The simulation result shows the improvement of generator performance during grid faults in comparison with control methods based on conventional strategies.
Regulation of Chloroplast Gene Expression

The research supported by this grant sought to understand how proteins required for photosynthesis in green algae and higher plants are made, and to understand how the synthesis of these proteins is regulated. The principai goal of the project was to identfi nuclear genes whose products are required for the synthesis of chloroplast-encoded photosynthetic proteins, and to determine how these nuclear gene products fi,mctionin the organelle. We focused our work on the synthesis of an important photosystem II protein called D2. This protein is required for electron transfer reactions within photosystem II and for oxygen evolution. D2 is encoded by a chloroplast gene called psbD. In the unicellular green alga Chlamydbmonas reinhardtii, the synthesis of D2 is dependent on the products of at least three nuclear genes. One gene (NAC2) codes for a protein which stabilizes the psbD messenger RNA. Two other nuclear genes (NAC1 and AC115) are required for D2 protein synthesis. The majority of our research focused on these latter two genes. Our results are summarized below. temporal and spatial COZvariability in NJ A moored&Oz to one the while an underwayflOz measurement system is being used every three to provide a more detailed spatial picture of jC02 variability and its relation to physical fields. The methods developed in this project being employed as an independent check on the methods.
Posttraumatic deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty dehiscence: Descemet's resistance

An 18-year-old girl who had undergone deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty in her left eye for keratoconus a year back presented with inferonasal graft dehiscence with intact host Descemet's membrane and intact anterior chamber after sustaining blunt injury a week prior. The graft was sutured to the host bed, and complete resolution of graft edema was seen in 4 weeks. One year later, she underwent cataract surgery with foldable intraocular lens implantation. At her final follow-up, the best-corrected visual acuity in her left eye was 20/40 with a clear corneal graft and a stable posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation.
Indications for Rituximab Use in an Integrated Health Care Delivery System

BACKGROUND: Rituximab is a top-selling biologic that was first approved by the FDA in 1997 for a non-Hodgkin lymphoma orphan indication. It has since been approved for additional orphan indications, with rheumatoid arthritis as the only FDA-approved, nonorphan indication. Evidence suggests that rituximab is frequently used off-label, but information on its use over time and indications for use in the United States is limited. OBJECTIVE: To assess incident rituximab use over time in an integrated health care delivery system. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, retrospective study. Data were collected from administrative databases and manual chart reviews. Patients who received their first rituximab infusion between October 1, 2009, and December 31, 2017, and who were not a part of a clinical trial were included. Indication for use (FDA-approved orphan/nonorphan, off-label) was determined. Proportions of use were assessed over time. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was performed to assess factors associated with receiving rituximab for an FDA-approved indication. RESULTS: A total of 1,674 patients were included. The majority (66.4%) of patients had an FDA-approved indication, with lymphoma being the most common approved indication (66.4%). The most common indication for off-label use was neurologic conditions (72.7%), predominantly demyelinating diseases. Off-label indication use increased from 1.2% in 2009 to 55.6% in 2017. Factors associated with rituximab use for an FDA-approved indication included increased age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.04-1.07) and increased burden of chronic disease (chronic disease score: AOR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.02-1.12; Charlson Comorbidity Index score: AOR = 3.52, 95% CI = 3.03-4.10). CONCLUSIONS: Off-label use of rituximab grew dramatically over the course of the study. With the recent FDA approval of the rituximab biosimilar and its expected lower price, off-label use will likely continue to rise. Opportunities for cost savings and to ensure appropriate use of these medications should be evaluated.