Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predation and risk factors associated with parasitic infestations of farmed fish in Kirinyaga county, Kenya

Predators affect aquaculture by feeding on fish, causing injuries and spreading diseases. Questionnaires were administered to 137 fish farmers in Kirinyaga County assessing farming practices, constraints, type of predators and extent of predation experienced by fish farmers. Prevalence of parasites was evaluated in 289 fish (203 tilapia, 86 catfish) and 50 piscivorous birds in the region. Tilapia, catfish and ornamental fish were the main species of fish farmed. Overgrown vegetation, low water levels and poor predator control methods were the main management constraints observed. Low quality and expensive feeds, water scarcity, predation, theft and lack of proper markets were major fish production constraints. Piscivorous birds (Herons, kingfisher, ibis, hamerkop), otters, monitor lizards and snakes were the main predators encountered. Predators were controlled by fencing (10%), pond netting (21%) and chasing them away (74%). Tilapia (39%) and catfish (45%) from earthen ponds were infested with at least one species of helminth parasite. Farms which had higher presence of birds also had more parasitic infestations. Prevalence of parasites isolated in tilapia were; Acanthocephala spp. (11%), Clinostomum spp. (5%), Dactylogyrus spp. (3%) and Diplostomum spp. (22%). In catfish, they were; Acanthocephala spp. (4%), Contracaecum spp. (24%), Dactylogyrus spp. (5%), Diplostomum spp. (11%), Gyrodactyrus spp. (6%) and Paracamallanus spp. (16%). Water birds including herons, cormorants, kingfishers, hamerkop, spoonbill and several stilts were infested with Clinostomum spp. (4%), Contracaecum spp. (2%), Acanthocephala spp. (16%), and cestodes (36%). Genera of parasites with documented zoonotic importance isolated from fish and predatory birds were; Clinostomum spp. , Contracaecum spp. and Acanthocephala spp. Predation has a
Supporting Complex Information Needs via Large-Scale Collaborative Search

The need for exploration comes from users’ information needs that are highly complex: open-ended and multifaceted information needs that are derived from complex search tasks such as learning tasks. Researchers have shown that exploratory search can be better supported through explicit search collaborations. More importantly, previous research has suggested that leveraging collaborations of a large group of users may lead to an improved user experience. However, there is still a lack of evidence in support of this hypothesis as past studies were usually conducted in restricted environments (laboratory studies with small groups of participants and simulated work tasks). In this paper, we briefly discuss how we will shed light on this research field, and we present current work and future directions.
TRP-PLIK, a Bifunctional Protein with Kinase and Ion Channel Activities

We cloned and characterized a protein kinase and ion channel, TRP-PLIK. As part of the long transient receptor potential channel subfamily implicated in control of cell division, it is a protein that is both an ion channel and a protein kinase. TRP-PLIK phosphorylated itself, displayed a wide tissue distribution, and, when expressed in CHO-K1 cells, constituted a nonselective, calcium-permeant, 105-picosiemen, steeply outwardly rectifying conductance. The zinc finger containing α-kinase domain was functional. Inactivation of the kinase activity by site-directed mutagenesis and the channel's dependence on intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) demonstrated that the channel's kinase activity is essential for channel function.
Intelligence, Attention, and Behavioral Outcomes in Internationally Adopted Girls with a History of Institutionalization

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of neurocognitive functioning with internalizing and externalizing problems and school and social competence in children adopted internationally. Method: Participants included girls between the ages of 6–12 years who were internationally adopted from China (n = 32) or Eastern Europe (n = 25) and a control group of never-adopted girls (n = 25). Children completed the Vocabulary and Matrix Reasoning subtests from the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence and the Score! and Sky Search subtests from the Test of Everyday Attention for Children. Parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist and the Home and Community Social Behavior Scales. Results: Compared to the controls, the Eastern European group evidenced significantly more problems with externalizing behaviors and school and social competence and poorer performance on measures of verbal intelligence, perceptual reasoning, and auditory attention. More internalizing problems were reported in the Chinese group compared to the controls. Using generalized linear regression, interaction terms were examined to determine whether the associations of neurocognitive functioning with behavior varied across groups. Eastern European group status was associated with more externalizing problems and poorer school and social competence, irrespective of neurocognitive test performance. In the Chinese group, poorer auditory attention was associated with more problems with social competence. Conclusions: Neurocognitive functioning may be related to behavior in children adopted internationally. Knowledge about neurocognitive functioning may further our understanding of the impact of early institutionalization on post-adoption behavior.
Effect of Footwear on Dynamic Stability during Single-leg Jump Landings

Abstract Barefoot and minimal footwear running has led to greater interest in the biomechanical effects of different types of footwear. The effect of running footwear on dynamic stability is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to compare dynamic stability and impact loading across 3 footwear conditions; barefoot, minimal footwear and standard running shoes. 25 injury free runners (21 male, 4 female) completed 5 single-leg jump landings in each footwear condition. Dynamic stability was assessed using the dynamic postural stability index and its directional components (mediolateral, anteroposterior, vertical). Peak vertical ground reaction force and vertical loadrates were also compared across footwear conditions. Dynamic stability was dependent on footwear type for all stability indices (ANOVA, p<0.05). Post-hoc tests showed dynamic stability was greater when barefoot than in running shoes for each stability index (p<0.02) and greater than minimal footwear for the anteroposterior stability index (p<0.01). Peak vertical force and average loadrates were both dependent on footwear (p≤0.05). Dynamic stability, peak vertical force, and average loadrates during single-leg jump landings appear to be affected by footwear type. The results suggest greater dynamic stability and lower impact loading when landing barefoot or in minimal footwear.
Understanding variations in exposure to social stress

Although exposure to stress is a central component of the stress process paradigm, little research has explicitly sought to identify antecedents of stress exposure. Based on a probability sample of 1393 adults aged 18-55 residing in Toronto, Canada, this research examines the effects of social status, past adversity, social and personal resources and history of mental disorder on recent exposure to stress. Consistent with earlier findings, results indicate that younger adults, divorced individuals and those with lower socioeconomic status, experience greater levels of social stress. Although respondent’s history of major depressive disorder was related to all types of stress exposure, past cumulative adversity was the most powerful predictor of both total current stress (operant burden) and the subsequent onset of life events, independent of other antecedents. Findings suggest that the onset of chronic stress is more affected by personal characteristics, such as emotional reliance and disorder history, than is onset of life events. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Sex steroids as pleiotropic factors in the nervous system from brain development to brain ageing

Starting from fetal life, estrogens are crucial in determining central gender dimorphism, and an estrogen-induced synaptic plasticity is well evident during puberty and seasonal changes as well as during the ovarian cycle. Estrogens act on the central nervous system (CNS) both through genomic mechanisms, modulating synthesis, release and metabolism of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides and neurosteroids, and through non-genomic mechanisms, influencing electrical excitability, synaptic function and morphological features. Therefore, estrogen’s neuroactive effects are multifaceted and encompass a system that ranges from the chemical to the biochemical to the genomic mechanisms, protecting against a wide range of neurotoxic insults. Clinical evidences show that, during the climacteric period, estrogen withdrawal in the limbic system gives rise to modifications in mood, behaviour and cognition and that estrogen administration is able to improve mood and cognitive efficiency in post-menopause. Many biological mechanisms support the hypothesis that estrogens might protect against Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by influencing neurotransmission, increasing cerebral blood flow, modulating growth proteins associated with axonal elongation and blunting the neurotoxic effects of b-amyloid. On the contrary, clinical studies of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) and cognitive function have reported controversial results, indicating a lack of efficacy of estrogens on cognition in post-menopausal women aged 365 years. These findings suggest the presence of a critical period for HRT-related neuroprotection and underlie the potential importance of early initiation of therapy for cognitive benefit. In this review, we shall first describe the multiple effects of steroids in the nervous system, which may be significant in the ageing process. A critical update of HRT use in women and a discussion of possible prospectives for steroid use are subsequently proposed.
Pattern Recognition by Graph Matching - Combinatorial versus continuous Optimization

A generalization of subgraph isomorphism for the fault-tolerant interpretation of disturbed line images has been achieved. Object recognition is effected by optimal matching of a reference graph to the graph of a distorted image. This optimization is based on the solution of linear and quadratic assignment problems. The efficiency of the procedures developed for this objective has been proved in practical applications. NP-complete problems such as subgraph recognition need exhaustive computation if exact (branch-and-bound) algorithms are used. In contrast to this, heuristics are very fast and sufficiently reliable for less complex relational structures of the kind investigated in the first part of this paper. Constrained continuous optimization techniques, such as relaxation labeling and neural network strategies, solve recognition problems within a reasonable time, even in rather complex relational structures where heuristics can fail. They are also well suited to parallelism. The second part of this paper is devoted exclusively to them.
Biochemical content in fatty acids and biological parameters of Harmonia axyridis reared on artificial diet

A flightless strain of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) was fed, at the larval and/or adult stage, on a liver- based artificial diet supplemented with lin-seed oil, which is rich in α-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3), an essential lipid for the fecundity of different insect species, and other unsaturated fatty acids. Biochemical analyses revealed that, compared to Ephestia kuehniella Zeller eggs (the control food for H. axyridis), the diet content of C18:3n-3 was higher (P 0.05). The composition in fatty acids of H. axyridis newly-emerged females, which were fed on the artificial diet during the larval stages, reflected the composition of the diet. In particular, these females showed a higher concentration of α-linolenic acid compared to control females. Moreover, no difference was found for total fatty acids between the control newly emerged females and those reared as larvae on the artificial diet. On this diet, fecund H. axyridis adults were obtained, but the emergence rates and a number of quality parameters (including the development times, the weights of the newly-emerged adults, the female fecundity and fertility) of the diet-fed H. axyridis were worse compared to the coccinel- lids fed on E. kuehniella eggs. The diet may however be utilized for adult maintenance, in order to reduce production costs, or in case of shortage of aphids or E. kuehniella eggs.
Isolated and interactive impact of common CYP2C19 genetic variants on the antiplatelet effect of chronic clopidogrel therapy

Summary. Background: With the cytochrome P450 CYP2C19*2 (*2) allelic variant resulting in complete loss of enzyme function and the CYP2C19*17 (*17) variant being linked to increased transcriptional activity with extensive metabolism of CYP2C19 substrates, two common variants of the CYP2C19 gene have been explored recently. Currently, the isolated and interactive impacts of both variants on the antiplatelet effects of chronic clopidogrel therapy are unknown. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the isolated and interactive impacts of *2 and *17 on clopidogrel responsiveness in patients under clopidogrel maintenance treatment. Methods: Patients (n = 986) eligible for this study were under therapy with coronary stent‐related chronic treatment with aspirin and clopidogrel. The ADP‐induced platelet aggregation was measured on a Multiplate analyzer (in AU*min), and genotypes were determined with a TaqMan assay. Results: Platelet aggregation values were significantly higher in carriers of at least one *2 allele than in homozygous wild‐type allele carriers (P < 0.001). For *17, platelet aggregation values were significantly lower in carriers of at least one *17 allele than in homozygous wild‐type patients (P = 0.01). A gene‐dose effect was observed for both variants, with a pronounced effect of the mutant allele (*2 or *17) in homozygous patients being seen. For the interactive effect of both variants on platelet aggregation values, a gradual increase in platelet aggregation values was observed from (+)*17/(−)*2 patients, who exhibited the lowest values (median of 207 AU*min) to (−)*17/(−)*2, (+)*17/(+)*2 and (−)*17/(+)*2 patients, who exhibited the highest values (median of 309 AU*min) (P < 0.001). Conclusions: *2 and *17 allele carriage are independent predictors for the antiplatelet effect of chronic clopidogrel therapy.
A Rubella Outbreak Among Dental Students Description of the Outbreak and Analysis of Control Measures

Abstract From February to April 1982, rubella was diagnosed in 17 Washington University dental students. The affected students represented 4.8% of all dental students and 21% of susceptible students. Because a high likelihood of rubella transmission was perceived, three adjacent university hospitals undertook an emergency program to ensure immunity to rubella in all personnel. The program reached 84.6% of all target personnel, but only 36% of physicians (p<0.001). We estimated that the program increased the level of rubella immunity from 92.2% to 98.1%, at a total cost of $140,274 of which $29,990 was in excess of ordinary expenditures. Our experience indicates that schools training health professionals face the possibility of rubella outbreaks unless they ensure rubella immunity in all students. The experience also supports the value of ongoing programs to ensure rubella immunity in hospital personnel. Without such programs, hospitals may be forced to undertake emergency programs that are likely to be disruptive and expensive and may have relatively little immediate measurable impact.
French and english determiners: Interaction of morphology, syntax and semantics in Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammars

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A Common Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 2 Induces a Specificity Switch That Leads to Altered Antigen Processing

Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases 1 and 2 (ERAP1 and ERAP2) cooperate to trim antigenic peptide precursors for loading onto MHC class I molecules and help regulate the adaptive immune response. Common coding single nucleotide polymorphisms in ERAP1 and ERAP2 have been linked with predisposition to human diseases ranging from viral and bacterial infections to autoimmunity and cancer. It has been hypothesized that altered Ag processing by these enzymes is a causal link to disease etiology, but the molecular mechanisms are obscure. We report in this article that the common ERAP2 single nucleotide polymorphism rs2549782 that codes for amino acid variation N392K leads to alterations in both the activity and the specificity of the enzyme. Specifically, the 392N allele excises hydrophobic N-terminal residues from epitope precursors up to 165-fold faster compared with the 392K allele, although both alleles are very similar in excising positively charged N-terminal amino acids. These effects are primarily due to changes in the catalytic turnover rate (kcat) and not in the affinity for the substrate. X-ray crystallographic analysis of the ERAP2 392K allele suggests that the polymorphism interferes with the stabilization of the N terminus of the peptide both directly and indirectly through interactions with key residues participating in catalysis. This specificity switch allows the 392N allele of ERAP2 to supplement ERAP1 activity for the removal of hydrophobic N-terminal residues. Our results provide mechanistic insight to the association of this ERAP2 polymorphism with disease and support the idea that polymorphic variation in Ag processing enzymes constitutes a component of immune response variability in humans.
CLINICAL IMMERSION: A Residency Model for Nursing Education

The education of future generations of nurses is in need of philosophic and programmatic transformation in keeping with the rapidly changing health care delivery system. The Nurse Residency Model is one baccalaureate nursing program's response to calls for reform. Rooted in a spirit of collegiality and lifelong learning, the three facets of its philosophy include enhanced socialization, improved transition to practice, and increased student accountability. Students gain increased competency and demonstrate increased accountability with each progressive semester in the program, which culminates in clinical immersion in the senior year. Unique programmatic features of this model include field experiences, the simulation lab, and a work requirement. Additional benefits include resource efficiency and patient safety. Implementation remains an ongoing process. Outcome indicators are expected to yield valuable data on which to develop an evidence base in support of the model.
Induction of antibacterial activity in larvae of the blowfly Lucilia sericata by an infected environment

Maggot debridement therapy (MDT) is a method for the treatment of intractable, infected and necrotic wounds. In MDT, sterile larvae of Lucilia sericata Meigen (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are applied to infected wounds, where they exert antibacterial effects. Once the larvae are placed in the wound, they are no longer germ‐free. This study analysed the influence of infected environments on larval antibacterial activities. Sterile larvae were mixed in a test tube containing a bacterial suspension of Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa, transferred to liver puree agar, and incubated at 25 °C for set periods. To collect the larval extracts, the incubated larvae were transferred to a test tube containing phosphate buffered saline (PBS), cut into multiple pieces with scissors, and centrifuged. The supernatant was used to test antibacterial activities. The results showed that infected larvae had better antibacterial capacities than sterile larvae. Antibacterial activities were induced by pretreatment with a single bacterial species, S. aureus or P. aeruginosa, within 24 h and 12 h, respectively, and disappeared after 36 h. The activities were effective against S. aureus, but not against P. aeruginosa. This natural infection model is very similar to the clinical wound context in MDT and will be a powerful tool with which to study the antibacterial activities of L. sericata larvae in MDT.
CloudLens, un langage de script pour l'analyse de données semi-structurées

Lors de la mise au point d'applications qui s'executent dans le nuage, les programmeurs ne peuvent souvent que tracer l'execution de leur code en multipliant les impressions. Cette pratique genere des quantites astronomiques de fichiers de traces qu'il faut ensuite analyser pour trouver les causes d'un bogue. De plus, les applications combinent souvent de nombreux micro-services, et les programmeurs n'ont qu'un controle partiel du format des donnees qu'ils manipulent. Cet article presente CloudLens, un langage dedie a l'analyse de ce type de donnees dites semi-structurees. Il repose sur un modele de programmation flot de donnees qui permet a la fois d'analyser les sources d'une erreur et de surveiller une application en cours d'execution.
Lack of critical thinking skills leading to research crisis in developing countries: A case of Pakistan

Key points Increasing funding for research may not improve the quality of research. Pakistan is investing heavily in research with commensurate increases in publications. Pakistan's increase in article output is not being matched with increased quality – is this due to a fundamental problem with critical thinking skills? All developing countries need to focus on critical thinking skills to realize the best use of their research funding.
Diversification and spectral tuning in marine proteorhodopsins

Proteorhodopsins, ubiquitous retinylidene photoactive proton pumps, were recently discovered in the cosmopolitan uncultured SAR86 bacterial group in oceanic surface waters. Two related proteorhodopsin families were found that absorb light with different absorption maxima, 525 nm (green) and 490 nm (blue), and their distribution was shown to be stratified with depth. Using structural modeling comparisons and mutagenesis, we report here on a single amino acid residue at position 105 that functions as a spectral tuning switch and accounts for most of the spectral difference between the two pigment families. Furthermore, looking at natural environments, we found novel proteorhodopsin gene clusters spanning the range of 540–505 nm and containing changes in the same identified key switch residue leading to changes in their absorption maxima. The results suggest a simultaneous diversification of green proteorhodopsin and the new key switch variant pigments. Our observations demonstrate that this single‐residue switch mechanism is the major determinant of proteorhodopsin wavelength regulation in natural marine environments.