Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalencia de insuficiencia renal oculta estimada mediante fórmulas de cálculo del grado de función renal en hipertensos mayores de 60 años, remitidos para medición ambulatoria de la presión arterial

Objetivos Validar las formulas de Cockcroft-Gault y la abreviada del estudio Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) en la poblacion hipertensa mayor de 60 anos en la que se realiza medicion ambulatoria de la presion arterial, y conocer la prevalencia de diferentes estadios de enfermedad renal cronica oculta en ese grupo de poblacion. Diseno Estudio descriptivo, de validacion de pruebas diagnosticas. Emplazamiento Atencion primaria. Centro de salud urbano. Participantes Un total de 113 pacientes mayores de 60 anos (el 53,8% mujeres), hipertensos, sin historia de enfermedad renal cronica conocida y a quienes se les realizo una sesion de medicion ambulatoria de presion arterial durante 24 h. Mediciones principales Estimacion del grado de filtracion glomerular. Parametros de validez de pruebas diagnosticas. Resultados El aclaramiento renal estimado por las formulas de Cockroft-Gault y MDRD fue similar (77,9 y 76,9 ml/min, respectivamente). Se encontro una prevalencia de enfermedad renal cronica del 37,3% en la ecuacion de Cockroft-Gault y del 27,0% en la de MDRD. El indice de concordancia de ambas ecuaciones fue excelente en la catalogacion de los pacientes con enfermedad renal cronica en estadio 2 (kappa = 0,9) y aceptable (kappa = 0,5) para el estadio 3. Los indices de validez de las 2 ecuaciones son discretos frente a la presencia de microalbuminuria como manifestacion de dano renal. Conclusiones Hay una alta prevalencia de enfermedad renal cronica oculta en la poblacion hipertensa mayor de 60 anos. La estimacion del filtrado glomerular deberia realizarse sistematicamente en esta poblacion, aunque sus cifras de creatinina plasmatica sean normales.
Quality of Nursing Home Care in Cyprus: Are Elder Residents Content with Their Treatment?

ABSTRACT Responding to a conspicuous dearth of knowledge on the quality of elder services in Cyprus, this study ventured to document Cypriot elders' feelings and experiences with nursing home care in Cyprus. Explicitly, four different types of nursing homes were called on (a governmental, a community-run, a faith-based, and a private one) to interview residents (n = 73; a response rate of 100%). Results suggest that Cypriot elders are clearly content with the level of primary care they receive in nursing homes, as mirrored in the quality of nutrition, medical treatment, staff professionalism, and sanitation of nursing home environment. However, the preponderance of residents feels loneliness and denial of essential entertainment opportunities in these institutions and a consequential motivational depletion. Finding implications for domestic and international policy, social work practice, and future research are explored.
The impact of lifestyle modification in preventing or delaying the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus among high-risk people in Jordan

Purpose: To investigate (1) the effectiveness of educational interventions in reducing the risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) among Jordanian adults at high risk, and (2) whether levels of self-esteem and self-efficacy affect the responses of participants towards educational interventions in reducing risks for developing type 2 DM. Design: A comparative experimental pretest–post-test control group design was used. One hundred and thirteen participants at high risk for developing type 2 DM were randomly assigned to a study group (n = 57) and a control group (n = 56) based on the matching technique according to the risk factors. Methods: The participants in the study group received 12 educational sessions about healthy diet guidelines and five educational sessions about guidelines for moderately intense physical activity. Participants in the control group received general written information about diet and exercises, but no specific individualised interventions were offered to them. Results: The risk of type 2 DM among the study group was reduced by 28%. The results also indicated that participants in the study group had significant reduction in their body weight, and body mass index, and fasting blood sugar level. Participants in the study group with higher self-esteem and self-efficacy levels before receiving interventions achieved lower weight loss comparing to those who had lower self-esteem and self-efficacy levels. Implications: The findings of the present study confirmed that lifestyle interventions concerned with educational sessions about dietary behaviours and exercises illustrate promising results in preventing or delaying the risk of developing type 2 DM by modifying its risk factors.
A Feasibility Study of the Use of Dust Wipe Samples to Assess Pesticide Exposures in Migrant Farmworker Families

Abstract While documentation of pesticide exposure among agricultural workers is increasing, similar data describing exposure in migrant farmworkers is lacking. Exposure assessment in migrant farmworker populations is difficult since this population travels seasonally for employment in temporary work environments. The present feasibility study addressed these obstacles by teaching participants to obtain dust samples that could be used to measure pesticide exposure at the time of exposure during the migration season. Using floor dust wipes in their temporary housing, mothers were asked to collect and return via U.S. mail, one house dust sample per week for four weeks. Of 10 mothers invited to participate in 2003, seven mothers submitted a total of 27 samples. Samples underwent chemical analysis for organophosphate and triazine pesticides. One or more pesticides were present in dust extracts at concentrations above the detection limit in 24 samples.
The Incidence of Leukemia, Lymphoma and Multiple Myeloma among Atomic Bomb Survivors: 1950–2001

A marked increase in leukemia risks was the first and most striking late effect of radiation exposure seen among the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors. This article presents analyses of radiation effects on leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma incidence in the Life Span Study cohort of atomic bomb survivors updated 14 years since the last comprehensive report on these malignancies. These analyses make use of tumor- and leukemia-registry based incidence data on 113,011 cohort members with 3.6 million person-years of follow-up from late 1950 through the end of 2001. In addition to a detailed analysis of the excess risk for all leukemias other than chronic lymphocytic leukemia or adult T-cell leukemia (neither of which appear to be radiation-related), we present results for the major hematopoietic malignancy types: acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, adult T-cell leukemia, Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Poisson regression methods were used to characterize the shape of the radiation dose-response relationship and, to the extent the data allowed, to investigate variation in the excess risks with gender, attained age, exposure age and time since exposure. In contrast to the previous report that focused on describing excess absolute rates, we considered both excess absolute rate (EAR) and excess relative risk (ERR) models and found that ERR models can often provide equivalent and sometimes more parsimonious descriptions of the excess risk than EAR models. The leukemia results indicated that there was a nonlinear dose response for leukemias other than chronic lymphocytic leukemia or adult T-cell leukemia, which varied markedly with time and age at exposure, with much of the evidence for this nonlinearity arising from the acute myeloid leukemia risks. Although the leukemia excess risks generally declined with attained age or time since exposure, there was evidence that the radiation-associated excess leukemia risks, especially for acute myeloid leukemia, had persisted throughout the follow-up period out to 55 years after the bombings. As in earlier analyses, there was a weak suggestion of a radiation dose response for non-Hodgkin lymphoma among men, with no indication of such an effect among women. There was no evidence of radiation-associated excess risks for either Hodgkin lymphoma or multiple myeloma.
Fukushima and the Future of Radiation Research

There are now a good deal of data, opinions and speculation regarding the multiple disaster incident in Japan that began March 11, 2011 (1–7). Worldwide attention has focused on the risks, benefits and consequences of potential exposure to and uses for radiation. This article presents personal observations from participation in the response to this incident and projections as to how this major radiological incident might impact the future of the Radiation Research Society, and the important positive contributions radiation sciences can make to society in general. This watershed incident has and will continue to have a profound impact on nuclear energy utilization and cancer care, and demonstrates the importance of sound scientific underpinnings for decisions regarding uses and risks of radiation. This paper emphasizes the societal benefit from broad based radiation research. This perspective on future directions for radiation research and biomedical research in general is that of a physician-scientist, radiation/medical oncologist in academia (Stanford 1975–1985 and Harvard 1985–1999) and government [National Cancer Institute (NCI) since 1999 and also Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR) since 2004]. The perspective of the Fukushima experience is from 8 years as a subject matter expert within the all-hazard planning team at ASPR, including a 3-week deployment in the U.S. Embassy in Tokyo during the crisis. My opinion of the spectrum of opportunities for the Radiation Research Society are from: (a) having been active in outreach to the medically underserved both locally and internationally since I graduated from Yale Medical School including the New Haven riots of the late 1960s, (b) working with the National Coalition for Cancer Survivorship since the early 1990s (8), (c) having seen the enormous change in health care and in federally supported research programs over periods of substantial growth over the 1980s and 1990s, and (d) experiencing as a laboratory researcher and as an NCI program leader regarding the pushback against rising health care costs and the effects of flat investment in biomedical research that has been front-and-center for the last 10 years. Since this is a personal perspective and not a review paper, only a limited number of representative references from the literature are provided. Two quotations attributable to Yogi Berra, the former New York Yankee catcher (9) were used to frame this presentation at the 2012 Radiation Research Society meeting that are as true as they are humorous:
Clinical approach to the dull donkey

The ‘dull donkey’ is a general descriptive term used by owners and clinicians to identify a donkey presenting with varying degrees of depression, dullness and inappetence. These cases can be frustrating to diagnose and manage successfully. This article provides an overview of the most common causes of dullness in donkeys in the UK and suggests appropriate first-line diagnostic and treatment options. It should be appreciated that, in many cases, dull donkeys may be very sick and may require high levels of intervention to recover. Such cases should be seen as priority patients.
The environment and childhood asthma (ECA) study in Oslo: ECA-1 and ECA-2.

: An observed increase in asthma admissions in Oslo during the 1980s prompted a prospective birth cohort study to ask the following question: was air pollution (outdoor and indoor) (in a broad sense) associated with asthma development in young children? During 12 months from 1 January 1992, 3,754 children (birth weight > or = 2,000 g) in Oslo were enrolled at birth into the Environment and Childhood Asthma (ECA) study and followed to 2 years of age (ECA-part I). Cord blood, a detailed questionnaire (family and pregnancy history of disease, environmental exposures, socio-economic status) completed by the mother and lung function measurements (n = 803) were collated at birth. Detailed questionnaires completed every 6 months for 2 years included the child's disease history, feeding habits and environmental exposures. A nested case-control study comprised 306 children with confirmed minimum two episodes of bronchial obstruction (rBO) and 306 controls (without lower respiratory tract disease) with clinical investigations (including tidal breathing lung function, beta-2 responsiveness and allergy assessment) and environmental exposure assessments (indoor and outdoor). Home dampness and low ventilation, as well as maternal smoking in pregnancy, but not outdoor air pollution increased the risk of rBO. Lung function at birth was decreased among newborns whose mother smoked during pregnancy. To understand better the early risk factors for asthma and allergy development, a follow-up study started (in 2001; ECA-part II) of all cases and controls, and those with lung function measured at birth (total 1,230 invited) (9-10 years of age). This involved clinical investigation, allergy assessments, lung function, airway hyper responsiveness measures, exhaled nitric oxide and immunological as well as allergen exposure investigations.
Chronic hepatitis B virus infection and interferon-α

1. Schadt JC, Ludbrook J. Hemodynamic and neurohumoral responses to acute hypovolemia in conscious animals. Am J Physio! 1991; 260: H305-H318 2. Converse RL, Jacobsen TN, Jost CMT et al. Paradoxical withdrawal of reflex vasoconstriction as a cause of hemodialysisinduced hypotension. J Clin Invest 1992; 90: 1657-1665 3. Bogaard HJ, De Vries JPPM, De Vries PMJM. Assessment of refill and hypovolaemia by continuous surveillance of blood volume and extracellular fluid volume. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1994; 9: 1283-1287 4. Steuer RR, Leypoldt JK, Cheung AK, Harris DH, Conis JM. Hematocrit as an indicator of blood volume and a predictor of intradialytic morbid events. ASAIO J 1994; 40: M691-M696 1793
Problem-solving abilities of radiography students at a South African university

Background. Developing the problem-solving skills of student radiographers is imperative for encouraging critical thinking and allowing them to work efficiently in an era of rapidly advancing technology. Students’ ability to demonstrate these skills was studied so that the Department of Radiography, at a comprehensive university in South Africa, could develop a more explicit curriculum to facilitate these competencies. Objective. To assess problem-solving skills of third-year radiography students at a comprehensive South African university. Methods. The study employed a descriptive exploratory design. The participants’ responses to vignettes (in the form of clinical scenarios) were analysed using a Likert scale and action verbs developed for evaluating evidence of problem-solving skills and providing quantitative data. Field notes were made while analysing responses to each question, providing qualitative data. Results. The findings indicate that the majority of participants demonstrated a minimal ability to problem solve in a vignette. This implies that to improve problem-solving skills of student radiographers, there is a need for curriculum adjustment to nurture and encourage this competency. Conclusion. Facilitators need to be taught methods to integrate problem solving into the curriculum, and learning material must be adjusted to accommodate problem solving for this skill to become part of the programme outcomes.
Physical and psychological dimensions of health-relate d quality of life among Lithuanian seamen

The aim of the study was a questionnaire- based investigation of the physical and psychological dimensions of health-relate d quality of life among Lithuanian seamen. Method. The WHOQOL-BRIEF questionnaire, an abbreviated 26-item version of the WHQOL-100, was developed using data from the field-trial version of the WHOQOL-100. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 12.0. 1 and MS Excel computer software. The research group consisted of 500 Lithuanian seamen (males) 20–64 years of age, whose health was examined at the XXX hospital Maritime Centre. Results. The study was designed to indicate the relations between the physical and psychological dimensions of HRQOL of Lithuanian seamen and their demographic characteristics (age, profession, type of ship). The study shows that physical QOL statistically significantly depends on the age group. The physical QOL is best among the youngest seamen (20–24 years old). Psychological QOL is also dependent on the age group. The psychological QOL is best among seamen aged 20–24 and 25–34 years. The physical and psychological QOL statistically significantly depends on profession: the QOL (according to these dimensions) is best among commanding group members. The physical QOL is worst among engineer ship service members, while the psychological QOL is worst among ship auxiliary service seamen. The third part of the study was dedicated to the relations between the physical and the psychological dimensions of QOL among Lithuanian seamen and the type of ship. Although the data showed that most items were statistically significantly dependent on the type of ship, there was no clear or essential correlation between QOL and the type of ship. Conclusion: The physical and psychological well-being that partly determines the quality of life is statistically significantly dependent on age group and profession. It is not statistically significantly dependent on the type of ship.
Return to Work Factors Following a Stroke

AbstractThe literature on the success rate for return to work after stroke reflects wide variability. Black-Schaffer and Osberg (1990) review of the literature on return to work after a stroke attributed these variances to 1) differing definitions of return to work; 2) patients of different ages having different results; 3) differences in rehabilitation programs; and 4) cultural factors such as availability of help from family, nature of the disability, and compensation affecting return to work. This article analyzes medical and demographic data of 200 inpatients and outpatients seen by the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago Vocational Rehabilitation Program over a four-year period. These patients had a stroke diagnosis and were 65 years old or younger. Data on variables considered of potential significance in predicting vocational outcomes were collected. Vocational outcomes were documented at case closure. Factors were analyzed to determine if they were fixed or could be changed through rehabilitation .
Evaluation of Postural Stability and Fall Risk in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influences of Ankylosing spondylitis on postural balance and the risk of falls. Methods: A total of 73 sobjects were recruited for the study, including 36 with AS (17 men, 19 women) and 37 healthy controls (19 men, 18 women). Patients were evaluated in terms of balance and risk of falls. Balance and risk of falls was assessed with the Biodex Stability System. Results: The mean age, gender and body mass index of the participants did not differ significantly between (p=0.308, p=0.724, p=0.766, respectively). When groups were evaluated in terms of postural stability indexes Overall Stability Index (OSI), Antero-Posteior Stability Index (APSI) and Medio-Lateral Stability Index (MLSI) had no statistically significant difference (p=0.190, p=0.437 ve p=0.144), respectively). Fall Risk Index (FRI) evaluations showed that as patients’ test scores were higher than control group (p=0.001). (Table 1). Conclusions: In this study, we present numerical data that suggests that AS are associated with risk of falling.
Avulsion of the insertion of the gastrocnemius tendon in three dogs

Three cases are described in which avulsion of the insertion of the gastrocnemius tendon occurred. All three dogs were presented with a lameness of long duration. In two cases the avulsion followed a treatment for tendinitis of the Achilles tendon by local infiltration of corticosteroids. One dog was presented with this condition after a long standing treatment for cystitis. The three dogs were presented with characteristic clinical and radiological signs accompanying this tendon injury. Two of these patients were treated by surgical repair of the avulsed tendon combined with temporary immobilization of the hock accomplished by transfixation using methyl methacrylate* as external fixation. Within twelve weeks following surgery, these dogs had regained normal function without any evidence of gait abnormality. The third dog, treated conservatively failed to regain normal function.
The smoking habits, attitudes towards smoking and knowledge regarding anti-smoking legislation of students in institutions of higher learning in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa

Abstract Background The study aimed to i) investigate the smoking habits of students attending tertiary institutions of learning in the Eastern Cape Province (ECP) and ii) determine the knowledge of the students about the health hazards of smoking and their attitude towards current government anti-smoking legislation. Methods This was a questionnaire-based study involving all seven tertiary institutions of learning in the ECP, viz. the Universities of Transkei, Fort Hare, Port Elizabeth and Rhodes University, and the Border, Eastern Cape and Port Elizabeth technikons. A total of 1 728 students were interviewed out of a student population of 30,080. Stratified random sampling was used to select the students. Two-way tables were used to test the independence of the variables and chi-square tests were applied. A ‘p’ value of below 5% was used as a test of significance. Results A total of 1 480 students completed the questionnaires (86%). The racial classification of the respondents was 79% Black, 13% White, 7% Coloured and 2% Indian. Twenty-six per cent of the students were smokers, of which 37% were male and 15% were female. Forty-five per cent of the Coloured students smoked, while the figures for Whites and Blacks were 26% and 25% respectively. Seventy per cent of the students smoked less than 10 cigarettes a day. Fifty-two per cent of the smokers said they wanted to stop smoking. Sixty-one per cent had been influenced to start smoking by their friends and only 13% were influenced by advertisements. Ninety-four percent agreed that smoking was dangerous to the smoker's health, while 73% responded that there was a relationship between mothers who smoke and low birth weight. Thirteen per cent thought the legislation was too tough, while 30% said it was good as it was. On measures to reduce smoking, 86% favoured restricting smoking in public places. Conclusion This study has demonstrated that smoking is prevalent in tertiary institutions of learning in the Eastern Cape Province. The demographic profile of the smokers reflects the national picture. The knowledge of the harmful effects of smoking is generally good.