Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The resistance against antibiotics of bacteria from a poultry house and their spreading to surroundings of the house

Indoor and outdoor air samples(down wind 10,50 and 100 m)as well as feces samples of a poultry house were collected and the concentrations of airborne aerobic bacteria,Escherichia coli,Samonella,Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus were measured.The isolated bacteria were identified with bacteriological method,furthermore the DNA G+C mol % of the bacteria was also analysed in order to determine the identity of the DNA.The obtained results showed that the bacteria all locations as mentioned above were identical.The antibiotics sensitive experiment of the isolated bacteria all locations showed that80 % of Escherichia coli,Salmonella were resistant against Ampicillion(AMP),Chloramphenicol(CMP),CFZ and80 % of the Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus resistant against CMP and oxazocillin(OXA). The high percentage and multiple resistant against CMP and out the poultry house were attributed also to its therapeutic usage or as nutritive supplements.Based on comparison of concentrations of the Escherichia coli,salmonella,Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus between indoor and outdoor air(10,50,100 m),it was found that both exhibited statistical significance or highly statistical significance(P0.05 or P0.01). No statistical significance among 10,50 or 100 m was observed.This could be concluded that the microbiological aerosols in the chicken house were relatively higher and were transmitted by air exchanging of the hen house through the atmosphere to the house surroundings and over quite considerable distance.This could cause environmental pollution of the bacteria within certain range.Based on comparison of concentrations of the Escherichia coli,salmonella,Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus between the poultry house air and feces,it was found that both indicated positive correlation(r=0.99). This from one side suggested that feces could be the main source of the airborne bacteria.
Design of Machine Learning and Rule Based Access Control System with Respect to Adaptability and Genuineness of the Requester

INTRODUCTION: Access control system (ACS) plays a major role in data security. It becomes more challenging for the system to provide accurate ACS, if data is huge and data requesters are not fixed. This is very predominant in the era of big data where new data are adding to the system very frequently. The main issue here is to justify adaptability in ACS. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research is to have a comparative analysis of machine learning based access control methods with Rule based access control methods. Propose the most suitable method in detail. METHODS: Role based access control methods are highly robust and works effectively under known scenarios. We need additional methods to handle unknown scenarios. A decision-making method is used to identify the certainty of the rules and Mamdani fuzzy model is used to evaluate the situation based on current environmental factors. For machine learning based access control method Random Forest is used. RESULTS: Limitations of machine learning methods are discussed with respect to imbalanced data and bias in the algorithm. The proof of concept for rule-based access control method is tested for all the three modules involved in the framework. Certainty of the rules were accessed with the help of domain experts and accuracy of fuzzy rules were evaluated. Under critical conditions our framework was found to be accurate. CONCLUSIONS: Machine learning systems are not suitable for access control if they suffer with imbalance data problem. Rule based system are consistent and highly adaptable to unknown situations. Rule based systems have evaluated the genuineness of the requester based on sensitivity of information, time, location, previous history and emergency parameters.
Hepatorenoprotective Potential of Cocos nucifera (coconut)Juice in Normal Male Humans

1 Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Madonna University, Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria 2 Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria 3 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Madonna University, Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria 4 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Construction of a set of vectors allowing inducible production of siRNA in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

RNA interference (RNAi) is a sequence-specific gene sil ncing mechanism. It is induced by the formation of dsRNA that are recognised by the D icer complex and processed into 21-23 long oligonucleotides called siRNA (short interferi ng RNA). Subsequently, RISC (RNAInducing Silencing Complex) binds siRNA that target s the complex towards its homologous mRNA (DYKXHOORN et al., 2003) which is eventually degraded.
Generation of random series in two-person strictly competitive games

A general conclusion, widely and uniformly supported by a variety of experiments, is that humans are unable to produce a random series of discrete responses, even when instructed to do so. Several arguments are advanced to show that the experimental evidence in support of this claim is plagued with logical and methodological difficulties. Using a new research paradigm, this article reports experimental results showing that people can generate binary sequences that satisfy standard tests of randomness more successfully when they participate in 2-person strictly competitive games inducing them to conceal their choices and protect themselves from their own frailty to maximize gain
Mitigating The Effects of Atmospheric Distortion

Various types of atmospheric distortion can influence the visual quality of a captured video signal. Distortions include fog or haze which reduce contrast, and atmospheric turbulence due to temperature variations or airborne contaminants. Atmospheric turbulence is sometimes referred to as scintillation or anisoplanatism. A variation in temperature causes different interference patterns in the light refraction, leading to unclear, unsharp, waving images of the objects. Examples of this effect are found in areas such as hot roads and deserts, as well as in the proximity of aircraft jet exhausts. This is a particular problem close to the ground in hot environments and, combined with other effects, can be detrimental to long range surveillance applications. Such obscurations in the lower atmosphere reduce the ability to see and interpret objects at a distance.
Comparative pathogenesis of Yersinia enterocolitica biotypes

Yersinia enterocolitica is a well known food-borne bacterium which belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family. Y. enterocolitica is pathogenic for humans and it causes a wide spectrum of diseases ranging from self-limiting gastrointestinal diseases to fatal sepsis depending on the age and the immunity of the infected person. Oral ingestion of undercooked raw meat products, unpasteurised milk and contaminated water are the main sources of acquisition of this bacterium. Y. enterocolitica strains are categorized into six biotypes (1A, 1B, 2, 3, 4 &5). These six biotypes are further classified into high pathogenic, low pathogenic and non-pathogenic biotypes depending on their pathogenicity in the mouse infection model. This project compared the pathogenic potential of Yersinia enterocolitica high pathogenic, low pathogenic and non-pathogenic biotypes. The HEp-2 laryngitic human epithelial cell line and the alternative infection model Galleria mellonella greater wax moth larvae are the main infection models used to investigate the pathogenic potential of Y. enterocolitica biotypes. A diverse collection of Y. enterocolitica strains was used by which this strains collection is encompassing all six biotypes and all major serotypes. These strains were isolated from human and animal origins. Here novel results are presented showing new infection phenotypes of the Y. enterocolitica strains. All Y. enterocolitica biotypes strains were invasive to the HEp-2 epithelial cell line and pathogenic to the Galleria insect model. The non-pathogenic biotype was the most lethal in the Galleria model while the high pathogenic biotype shows little to no pathogenicity. The low pathogenic biotypes were moderately pathogenic to the Galleria insect model. The pYV plasmid showed a minor role in modulating the virulence in the Y. enterocolitica pathogenic biotypes. Investigating the in vivo Y. enterocolitica-Galleria interaction showed that Y. enterocolitica pathogenic biotypes bacterial cells were growing inside the Galleria larvae while the non-pathogenic biotype bacterial cells were dying. The heat-killed Y. enterocolitica strains were completely avirulent to the Galleria larvae.
Cleavage and Ligation Studies in Hairpin and Hammerhead Ribozymes Using Site Specific Nucleotide Modifications

RNA catalysis is of fundamental importance in many biological functions, such as the peptidyl transferase activity of the ribosome and genetic control by riboswitches, among others. Small ribozymes are a convenient system to increase our understanding about the structure, folding and catalytic mechanism of ribozymes. This dissertation includes analysis of certain aspects of the catalytic mechanism in the hairpin and hammerhead ribozyme. In the hairpin ribozyme, we studied the functional consequences of molecular substitutions at two conserved positions, A9 and A10. These nucleotides are located close to the scissile phosphate but their exact function is unclear since they do not appear to be making any essential interactions with other nucleotides in the catalytic core. G, C, U, 2-aminopurine, 2, 6-diaminopurine, purine, and inosine were substituted at A9 and A10 and their effects on cleavage and ligation rates were analyzed. The effect of the variations on tertiary structure and docking was monitored by hydroxyl radical footprinting and native gel electrophoresis. It was observed that all the variants that exhibited poor docking and/or tertiary structure formation were also ligation challenged whereas they performed normally in the cleavage reaction. We found a unique variant, A10G that cleaved five times faster than A10 but did not exhibit any ligation. Results suggested that ligation required a more kinetically stable core than that needed to carry out cleavage. The hammerhead ribozyme field featured extensive disagreements between the crystal structure of the minimal hammerhead released in the mid 90s and the accumulating biochemical data. Much of the conflict was resolved with the new crystal structure of the extended hammerhead ribozyme. This structure confirmed many of the biochemical findings and brought out some new interactions, notably the G8·C3 base pair. We studied numerous base substitutions to establish the importance of the base pair for cleavage and ligation. Catalysis requires the formation of the base pair but even the fastest base paired variant was 10-fold slower than G8·C3 base pair. Docking and tertiary structure analysis by hydroxyl radical footprinting and native gel electrophoresis emphasized the importance of having a purine at position 8 and a pyrimidine at 3. Catalysis in the unmodified ribozyme was uniquely accompanied by hydrolysis of the 2′, 3′cyclic phosphate ring present on one of the cleavage products, leading to the generation of non-ligatable products during a ligation assay. We determined the ligation rate-pH profile for unmodified ribozyme that differed from the cleavage rate-pH profile only at high pH.
Phase-locked lasing in one- and two-dimensionally patterned metal-organic microcavities

Organic microcavities provide unique properties that are highly advantageous for designing microlasers, but lack in efficient ways to directly integrate electrodes able to drive high currents. The introduction of thin, patterned metal films, leading to the formation of local Tamm-plasmon-polariton states, has been recently demonstrated as a possible route to preserving coherence in the presence of significant optical loss. Here, periodic micron-scale gratings of silver are embedded into a high-quality organic microcavity, creating a crystal-like photonic potential structure. Despite strong absorption of metallic layers, these structures readily lase upon optical excitation. In that case, the above threshold emission originates not from isolate metal-free areas but instead from phase-locked supermodes spreading over several grating periods. Remarkably, in-plane coherence can spread even further when decreasing the grating period, covering distances of more than 50 μm and more than 10 metal stripes. Oneand two-dimensional gratings with varying periods are investigated using tomographic scanning of the k-space emission fine structure, which exhibits a strong dependence on the grating geometry. These results support the fabrication of highly customizable organic microlasers with tailored in-plane coherence, and demonstrate the coexistence of extended coherence and optical loss. Phase-locked lasing in oneand two-dimensionally patterned metal-organic microcavities Andreas Mischok1,2,*, Mona Kliem1, Robert Brückner1, Stefan Meister1, Hartmut Fröb1, Malte C. Gather2, Karl Leo1
Biomonitoring in the Assessment of Chemical Threats to the Environment

The notion of biomonitoring as an assessment of chemical exposure of humans to xenobiotics emerged about 130 years ago, when doctors monitored the content of salicyluric acid in the urine of patients treated with large doses of salicylic acid. Many years later, this term was used in the monitoring of ecosystems, when it typically meant long-term observations concerning the condition of the environment based on the presence and the number of indicator organisms. The first publications concerning contamination and accumulation of persistent organic compounds and their effects on the environment are 50 years old, while intensive application and development of biological methods in ecotoxicology date back to 30 years ago. The term “bioindication” has a slightly different, narrower meaning. Its aim is to establish the quality condition of the environment on the basis of reactions of biocenose organisms (including disorders of reproduction, behaviour, growth and development). Taking into account the generally non-specific reactions of biocenose organisms to stress, the main aim of bioindication is to assess physiological effects, instead of directly determining the concentration of harmful factors in the environment. In practice, misunderstandings associated with appropriate terminology, still are quite often. Chemical contamination of the environment and threats resulting from this fact are of crucial importance for the further existence of the mankind. It is estimated that the number of new chemical substances emitted to the environment is increasing every year by about 1,000. It is necessary to systematically conduct their analyses in order to quickly and reliably assess the condition of the environment before these unfavourable changes occur to a larger extent and became obvious. At the same time, it is also necessary to take into account factors which have a modifying effect on the behaviour of xenobiotics and on their interactions on biocenose organisms. It can be demonstrated by the example of human health, where the need for a complex assessment is emphasized in a diagnosis of effects of professional or environmental exposure. In 1997 Nelson listed the following factors as examples of interactions affecting the results of chemical exposure: 1) ontogenetic (age, sex, general health conditions, life style, inclination to addictions, 2) family and domestic (type of diet,
Humanizing the Seas A Case for Integrating the Arts and Humanities int o Ocean Literacy and Stewardship

This applicable definition is a broad description that covers the variety of sizes, and the world. Along with this broad definition, the IUCN presents six management categories of protected areas (Table 1) defining the management objectives of each. Abstract Using the theory of island biogeography as a framework, we seek to determine the potential impact of the lack of connectivity between parks and protected areas on large-scale conservation efforts. We analyze lessons learned from the current Yellowstone to Yukon (Y2Y) initiative and develop recommendations to improve connectivity while incorporating the motivations, needs, and emotions of stakeholder groups. We strongly encourage ecologists, geographers, biologists, and other academics and activists to partake wholly and enthusiastically in community-engaged scholarship through outreach, capacity building, and social capital building through the proven frameworks of consensus-based and structured decisionmaking. Further, we argue that large-scale conservation initiatives may greatly benefit from an approach focused on small, more tangible actions when working toward a larger goal. As human populations and urban–wildland interfaces continue to grow rapidly, former models of park and protected area development become increasingly ineffective. We must adopt new strategies, such as those listed here, in order to increase landscape connectivity and provide effective conservation for all species.
210 Evaluation Mental Workload Pattern Based Infbrmation Using Hierarchicalon Psychophysiology Clustering

Person will norrnally experience mental distress when they are doing activities like working, studying or cven browsing the internet. In addition, everybody have different behavior to cope with stress, and such kind ofbehavior couLd bc monitored from biosignal generated by human body. In view of fact, identifying mcntal workload pattern of persons who's were doing calculation task and browsing the internet were investigated by mcasuring heart rate signal. The two experiments, i.e., doing calculation tasks and browsing the inteniet, were conducted to understand mental workload behavior of students. During the experirnents, the heart activities of each partieipant werc measured using ECG sensors, Furthermore, the heart rate variability (H RV) features, i.e,, the ratio of the low-high frequency band (LFIHF), which was derived from ECG signal were extracted to obtajn rnental workload pattern using Symbolic Aggregate Approximation (SAX) and gray level co-occurrence matrices (GLCM). The cluster analysis was then employed to analyze patteni ef mentaL workload when persens wcre doing calculation task and browsing the intcrnet. The resu]ts showed several behavior patterns which
Sub-Bandgap Optical GIDL Current Method for Extracting the Interface States in the Gate-to-Drain Overlapped Region of MOSFETs

In this paper, a novel characterization technique is presented to quantitatively extract the energy distribution of interface states in the gate-to-drain overlapped region of MOSFETs. Optical excitation with a sub-bandgap optical power (Eph = 0.95 eV < Eg,Si = 1.12 eV) is applied over the MOSFETs and the gate-induced drain leakage (GIDL) current, named the optically-induced GIDL, and the energy distribution of interface states in the gate-to-drain overlapped region of MOSFETs can be extracted. The increased drain leakage current under sub-bandgap optical illumination is expected to be predominantly caused by optical trap-assisted tunneling (optical GIDL current, IOTAT = ∆IGIDL = ID,opt – ID,dark). Combining analytical models for the GIDL current, which is increased only by trap-assisted tunneling under sub-bandgap photonic excitation, we extracted interface-state density in the gate-to-drain overlapped region, excluding the band-to-band tunneling current in the off-state drain leakages in MOSFETs. Our optical GIDL current measurement is shown to be in good agreement with the results of the charge pumping and photonic gated diode method (PGDM) results for interface states in MOSFETs.
On the Burau representation of the braid group B4

In this thesis, we establish strong constraints on the kernel of the (reduced) Burau representation β4 : B4 → GL3 ( Z [ q±1 ]) of the braid group B4, addressing a conjecture originally posed in the 1930s. The strategy of the proof is a concrete interpretation of β4 (σ) in terms of the Garside normal form for σ ∈ B4. More specifically, if σ is a positive braid in B4 satisfying certain constraints, then we show that β4 (σ) is not a diagonal matrix by considering a new decomposition of positive braids and combinatorially interpreting β4 (σ) in terms of this decomposition.
Genetic effects from an Afrikaner, Bonsmara, and Nguni three-breed diallel and top-crosses of Angus and Simmental sires

Individual and maternal breed additive effects and heterosis exist for most economically important traits in cattle. Crossbreeding may therefore be valuable for emerging and commercial beef farmers in improving the productivity of their herds. Calves were produced by mating Afrikaner, Bonsmara and Nguni cows to Afrikaner, Bonsmara, Nguni, Angus and Simmental bulls. The cows used were from Vaalharts Research Station or were purchased from other herds. Data were collected over three years. Individual and maternal additive effects and individual heterosis were estimated simultaneously as continuous linear variates. The estimated genetic effects were then used to predict production levels that may be achieved through implementation of top-cross, two-breed rotation, and terminal sire crossbreeding systems. The individual estimates of the genetic effects were relatively small and in most cases were not different from zero, with the exception of the maternal additive effects of Nguni on preweaning traits and their individual additive effect on cow weight, which were less than those of Bonsmara. However, the alternative crossbreeding systems differed across traits. The straight-bred breeding system was least efficient, followed by the crisscross system (+2%) and the terminal sire system that utilized Simmental (+4%), with the terminal sire system utilizing Angus being on average most efficient (+8%). The inter-generational genetic differences in cow weight that resulted from the use of different breeds of sire increased its standard deviation by 5 to 6% in rotational crossing. Despite the relatively small magnitude of the genetic effects, advantages of crossbreeding systems became evident.Keywords: breed additive, crossbreeding, heterosis, post-weaning, pre-weaning
A research agenda for malaria eradication : diagnoses and diagnostics

Many of malaria's signs and symptoms are indistinguishable from those of other febrile diseases. Detection of the presence of Plasmodium parasites is essential, therefore, to guide case management. Improved diagnostic tools are required to enable targeted treatment of infected individuals. In addition, field-ready diagnostic tools for mass screening and surveillance that can detect asymptomatic infections of very low parasite densities are needed to monitor transmission reduction and ensure elimination. Antibody-based tests for infection and novel methods based on biomarkers need further development and validation, as do methods for the detection and treatment of Plasmodium vivax. Current rapid diagnostic tests targeting P. vivax are generally less effective than those targeting Plasmodium falciparum. Moreover, because current drugs for radical cure may cause serious side effects in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, more information is needed on the distribution of G6PD-deficiency variants as well as tests to identify at-risk individuals. Finally, in an environment of very low or absent malaria transmission, sustaining interest in elimination and maintaining resources will become increasingly important. Thus, research is required into the context in which malaria diagnostic tests are used, into diagnostics for other febrile diseases, and into the integration of these tests into health systems