Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus Cajan) Isoflavones Daidzein in Blood on Ovarian and Mammary Tissue Structure Rat Female

The use of synthetic hormone preparations, one of the hormones estrogen widely used by people in the care and treatment of diseases as hormone replacement therapy. Pigeon pea ( Cajanus cajan ) as local Leguminoceae plant has not been used optimally as estrogenic plants . The purpose of this study was to identify preclinical to analyze the Cajanus cajan in the blood profile and potential of the reproductive organs as phytoestrogens. The research method using 24 Sprague -Dawley female rats 6-7 months , grouped 3 treatment. The control group , the treatment group pigeon pea solution of 1 : 1 and group treatment solution pigeon pea 1 : 3. Blood sampling on the 8th, 16th hour and the 24th hour (fractions I, fractions II and fractions III ) for the analysis of isoflavones daidzein HPLC method . Treatment pigeon pea solution made up to 36 days. Surgery and organ harvesting ovarian and mammary continued hematoxylin eosin staining . The results showed levels of isoflavones daidzein maximum in treatment 1 : 1, fractions I, II , and III respectively 92773.474 pg / l ; 96766.278 pg / l ; 72033.062 pg / l. Tissue structure experiencing development of ovarian follicles and germinal proliferation, proliferation of mammary tissue experiencing the lobules and ducts interlobularis development. Conclusion of the study is the pigeon pea daidzein levels in the blood increased in the 24th hour and potential as a natural estrogen. Key Word : daidzein, phytoestrogens, ovarian, mammary
Phytochemistry, metabolism, and ethnomedical scenario of honey: A concurrent review

ABSTRACT Honey is a natural domestic sweet food material and a chemically diverse superfluous product of nectar acquired from flowers. Owing to the presence of higher amounts of antioxidant compounds covering phenolic, enzymes, organic acids, and bioactive peptides, it holds a strong ability to prevent various maladies. In addition, honey has also been exploited in certain cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, neoplastic, and inflammatory states along with its role in the treatment of copious infections and surgical wounds. Flavonoids and polyphenols are important bioactive components present in honey and have antioxidant properties. Some bioactive compounds, for example luteolin, galangin, isorhamnetin, quercetin, and kaempferol, are present in honey. Phenolic acids and flavonoids have important pharmacological activities such as anti-allergic, anti-biotic, anti-carcinogenic, and hypoglycaemic. Moreover, curative potential of bioactive components and their utilisation in value added food products are also the limelight of this article.
Effects of an early lipopolysaccharide challenge on growth and small intestinal structure and function of broiler chickens

Hu, X. F. , Guo, Y. M. , Li, J. H. , Yan, G. L. , Bun, S. and Huang, B. Y. 2011. Effects of an early lipopolysaccharide challenge on growth and small intestinal structure and function of broiler chickens. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 379-384. Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of early exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on small intestinal structure and function of broiler chickens. Seven-day-old birds were randomly allotted to two equal treatments: an LPS-injected treatment in which the birds were injected intraperitoneally with LPS 500 μg kg-1 body weight (dissolved in 1 mL saline) on 8, 10, 12, 15, 17, and 19 d of age, i.e., on days 1, 3, and 5 d for 2 continuous weeks, and a control treatment (CTRL) in which the birds were similarly injected with 1 mL saline as a placebo. In exp. 1, food intake and weight gain were monitored over the 2 wk, the weight of the small bowel was determined at 14 and 21 d of age and duodenal and jejunal villus height and crypt depth, D-xylose uptake were also measured at 21 d. In exp. 2, additional measurements of the intestinal peristalsis ratio and the BrdU-labeling index and duodenal sodium-glucose co-transporter-1 (SGLT1) mRNA level were made at 21 d of age. The results showed that LPS challenge decreased feed intake, daily gain, duodenal and jejunal villus height and crypt depth, plasma D-xylose concentration and intestinal BrdUrd-labeling index, respectively (P<0.05) as well as small bowel weight at 14 and 21 d of age (P<0.05). Conversely, LPS injection increased SGLT1 mRNA level in the small intestine (P<0.05) and the small intestinal relative weight at 14 (P<0.05) and 21 d of age (P=0.063). Following LPS injection there were non-significant changes in feed conversion ratio and intestinal peristalsis ratio (P>0.05). In conclusion, early LPS challenge delayed the growth of intestine and impaired small intestinal structure and absorptive function.
GlobalTreeSearch: The first complete global database of tree species and country distributions

ABSTRACT This article presents, for the first time, an overview of all known tree species by scientific name and country level distribution, and describes an online database—GlobalTreeSearch—that provides access to this information. Based on our comprehensive analysis of published data sources and expert input, the number of tree species currently known to science is 60,065, representing 20% of all angiosperm and gymnosperm plant species. Nearly half of all tree species (45%) are found in just 10 families, with the 3 most tree-rich families being Leguminosae, Rubiaceae, and Myrtaceae. Geographically, Brazil, Colombia, and Indonesia are the countries with the most tree species. The countries with the most country-endemic tree species reflect broader plant diversity trends (Brazil, Australia, China) or islands where isolation has resulted in speciation (Madagascar, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia). Nearly 58% of all tree species are single-country endemics. Our intention is for GlobalTreeSearch to be used as a tool for monitoring and managing tree species diversity, forests, and carbon stocks on a global, regional, and/or national level. It will also be used as the basis of the Global Tree Assessment, which aims to assess the conservation status of all of the world’s tree species by 2020.
Les plantes et les animaux lumineux ou l’expression de l’aequorine et des sondes « caméléon » : Un nouvel éclairage sur la signalisation calcique.

Le calcium est un second messager qui regule de nombreux processus physiologiques. Cet article presente le mode d’action des sondes calciques bioluminescentes (aequorine) et fluorescentes (sondes cameleon), leur utilisation aussi bien pour les systemes animaux que vegetaux, et fait le bilan des resultats obtenus sur les lignees cellulaires et les organismes genetiquement modifies exprimant ces sondes. Les avancees apportees par ces experiences d’expression dans le domaine de la signalisation calcique sont discutees.
La protéine Tat du VIH-1 induit la production d'IL-10 par le monocyte humain: Implication de la voie PKC et de la voie calcique : Rôle du calcium dans la signalisation cellulaire

Chez les patients infectes par le VIH-1 en phase asymptomatique, la quantite d'IL-10 produite, cytokine fortement immunosuppressive, est associee a l'evolution de la maladie vers le stade SIDA. Dans cette etude nous montrons que la proteine Tat induit la production de l'IL-10 par les monocytes humains du sang peripherique. L'analyse des voies de transduction du signal montre que la proteine kinase C joue un role crucial dans cette induction et que la stimulation par Tat a pour consequence d'activer la translocation nucleaire du facteur de transcription NFkB dont l'activation semble necessaire pour la production d'IL-10. Nous avons egalement observe par des techniques de microscopie confocale et microspectrofluorimetrie que Tat induit une augmentation de la concentration de calcium intracellulaire du monocyte.
Carotenoid pigments, polyphenols, tocopherols and fat composition of extra virgin olive oils produced in Chile

Bioactive and minor compounds (carotenoid pigments, polyphenols and tocopherols) and fat composition of Chilean extra virgin olive oils were determined in 52 Chilean monovarietal oils. Cultivars of âArbequinaâ, âFrantoioâ and âPicualâ were grown in various geographical areas along 1100 km (latitude 26-35Â°). Olives were sampled during May and June, which corresponded to stage of ripeness 2-4 during two consecutive crops (2008 and 2009). The results of this study indicate that the contents of fatty acid were within the limits established by the International Olive Council (IOC). âPicualâ showed significantly higher values (P<0.05) for oleic acid than âArbequinaâ and âFrantoioâ. On the other hand, linoleic acid in âPicualâ was significantly lower than in âArbequinaâ and âFrantoioâ. I²-carotene and lutein contents were the main carotenoid pigments, exhibiting values up to 8.1 and 17.4 mg/kg oil, respectively, with no significant differences between varieties. Alpha tocopherol and polyphenols showed no significant differences between cultivars, except for the 2008 crop, which presented alpha-tocopherol values ranging from 141 to 326 mg/kg, slightly higher than the 2009 crop (94-205 mg/kg), and a different behaviour was also observed for polyphenols, ranging from 93 to 378 mg/kg in 2008 and from 197 to769 mg/kg in 2009.
Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extracts of Phoenix loureiroi Thorns

Phoenix loureiroi is commonly known as ‘chittetha’ and the plant leaves are used for household purpose. Preliminary chemical studies of the plant reveal the presence of glycosides, tannins & flavonoids. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Phoenix loureiroi thorn extract on E. colli, Bacillus & Streptococcus. Both the aqueous and ethanolic extracts showed good activity against all the microorganisms used. The crude extracts at a dose of 500mg/ml showed potent activity against E. colli, Bacillus & Streptococcus. Ethanolic extract was found to be more potent when compared with aqueous extracts.
Antioxidant enzyme response of sorghum plant upon exposure to Aluminum, Chromium and Lead heavy metals

Abstract Objective Sorghum has received great interest for resistance to heavy metals. Therefore, effects of Aluminum (Al), Chromium (Cr) and Lead (Pb) concentrations (2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 ppm) on antioxidant enzyme systems of Sorghum in root and leaf tissues were investigated. Methods Seeds were cultivated in hydroponic Hoagland solution containing heavy metal concentrations in a growth chamber. Malondialdehyde (MDA), proline levels, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were evaluated after treatment. Results Al doses decreased chlorophyll a (Chl a) at 4 ppm and subsequent doses, and total Chl at 32 and 64 ppm doses, however, it did not cause any change at Chl b except at 2 ppm. Although 64 ppm of Al, Cr, and Pb decreased total Chl, it increased proline level (nearly 5, 21 and 40 times higher compared to control, respectively) in leaf. Common observation is that positive correlation was apparent between proline, MDA, APX and GST activity for Al and Cr treatments and GST activity for three elements in root. Also, the only positive correlation was evident between proline and MDA for Al and Cr applications in leaf. Conclusion Although sorghum is resistant to heavy metals, induction of antioxidant enzymes seem to be not enough at higher concentrations to protect cells from heavy metal toxicity; however, it has great importance for further studies to find out whether phenolic compounds produced in sorghum have additive role in this regard.
Taxonomy of the dung beetle genus Ochicanthon Vaz-de-Mello (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) of the Indian subcontinent, with notes on distribution patterns and flightlessness

The taxonomy of the genus Ochicanthon Vaz-de-Mello of the Indian subcontinent is revised and an identification key to the species is provided. The number of Ochicanthon species from the region is increased to 15, eight of which are new: O. besucheti Cuccodoro sp. nov., O. ceylonicus Cuccodoro sp. nov., O. devagiriensis Sabu & Latha sp. nov., O. ernei Cuccodoro sp. nov., O. gauricola Cuccodoro sp. nov., O. murthyi Vinod & Sabu sp. nov., O. mussardi Cuccodoro sp. nov. and O. vazdemelloi Latha & Sabu sp. nov. Four species from the upper montane cloud forests are wingless, raising the number of wingless species of Ochicanthon to five. At least two groups of Ochicanthon exist in the Indian subcontinent: i) the O. tristis group with dorsum predominantly black-brown, with a distinct pattern of orange-yellow patches on the elytra and ii) the O. laetus group with dorsum entirely brown or black and with or without a faint orange patch. The distributions in the moist forests of the southwestern and northeastern regions of the Indian subcontinent, the possible origin of the genus in the Western Ghats in the southwest of the subcontinent and the flightlessness of montane species are discussed.
Effects of different lighting schedules on broiler performance and welfare.

Broiler production represents an enormous industry and gaining much concern about the performance and welfare of the live animals involved. Currently, a wide variety of lighting (L) programs is using for broiler production. The potential for changing photoperiods needs to be considered, not only to prevent high mortalities during a power cut but to optimize the broiler flock’s performance. Broiler chickens have usually been kept on a continuous lighting (CL) schedule to maximize feed intake and growth rate. However, there are many disadvantages to this as compared to an intermittent (INT) or restricted (RES) programs. However, there are a number of disadvantages to this as compared to INT and RES lighting schedules. In recent years, researchers have found an association between the duration of environmental photoperiod and some immune parameters. Continuous light disrupts the diurnal rhythm and has some welfare concerns. The use of INT or RES programs can result in less leg disorders and lower mortality in broiler flocks. These lighting programs permit the birds to experience a dark period allowing rest, melatonin synthesis, and less stress. In this study, lighting programs as an important environmental factor and its effects on broiler performance and welfare were reviewed.
Reversal of a Walking Leg Reflex Elicited by a Muscle Receptor

Passive movement of the basal (thoracic-coxal) leg joint in the shore crab Carcinus maenas normally elicits a resistance reflex in the promotor and remotor motoneurones. Remotion of the joint excites promotor moto-neurones and promotion excites remotor motoneurones. This reflex behaviour may reverse and become an assistance reflex, where movement of the joint excites the motoneurones innervating the muscle which would assist the passive movement. This reversal of reflex activity appears to be dependent upon the central state of activity of the animal.
Unexpectedly high diversity in a small basin: A taxonomic revision of Eurycheilichthys (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), with descriptions of seven new species

Uma revisao taxonomica de Eurycheilichthys e apresentada e sete novas especies sao descritas alem das duas previamente conhecidas, E. pantherinus do alto rio Uruguai e E. limulus do alto rio Jacui. O genero e diagnosticado com base na presenca unicamente derivada de sete raios ramificados na nadadeira peitoral, bem como na presenca de rastros branquiais filamentosos reduzidos na superficie oral do esqueleto hiobranquial e de abas carnosas distintas ao longo da margem posterodorsal do espinho da nadadeira peitoral em machos adultos. As sete novas especies sao descritas de tributarios do alto rio Taquari, um afluente do rio Jacui no Rio Grande do Sul, sul do Brasil. As novas especies sao diagnosticadas com base em variacao de caracteristicas do colorido, placas abdominais, tamanho dos labios, forma do osso parieto-supraoccipital, numero de placas dermicas, numero de dentes e proporcoes corporais. A alta diversidade e grau de endemismo das especies em uma area limitada sao discutidos e comparados com outros grupos de peixes. Sequencias geneticas (GenSeq) de DNA nuclear e mitocondrial, mapas de distribuicao, uma chave de identificacao e ilustracoes sao fornecidas para todas as especies.
Dietary Fibre Profile of Selected Pulses

Dietary fibre is the plant material that cannot be digested by the digestive enzymes of the gastro-intestinal tract. Most dietary fibres are contained in the cell wall of the plant cells. The two major chemical classes of fibre are the polysaccharides and the lignins; the former are further divided into cellulose and noncellulosic polysaccharides. Recently few excellent methods to measure different types of dietary fibre have been developed.
Rôles et mécanismes moléculaires de l'apoptose cardiovasculaire en réponse à des antihypertenseurs

Sorne antihypertensive drugs, independently of blood pressure lowering, can reduce pathological cardiovascular remodeling. In the spontaneously hypertensive rat, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (enalapril) and AT1 receptors antagonists (valsartan) stimulate, at the onset of hypertrophy regression, a wave of aortic smooth muscle cells ($MC) and cardiac fibroblasts deletion by apoptosis. However, the cardiac ceil type targeted by calcium channel blockers (amiodipine), and the mechanisms of this transient cardiovascular apoptosis initiated by members of those three classes of antihypertensive drugs, which lower blood pressure by distinct rnechanisms, remain incompletely defined. The aim of this thesis was to define the molecular pathways involved in the apoptosis initiated by different classes of antihypertensive dnigs, along with the investigation of the role played by this apoptosis in regard of the reversai of the structural hypertensive rernodeling. In the aorta, enalapril transiently increased functional kinin B1 receptor expression in temporal correlation with the presence of apoptotic nuclei in the media. SMC apoptosis with enalapril was cornpletely prevented by blocking this inducible receptor, whule blocking the constitutive kinin B2 receptor did not modulate apoptosis. Vascular apoptosis triggered by valsartan (previously associated to AT2 receptor activation) and by arnlodipine (associated to the extrinsic pathway via caspase-8) also involved kinin B1 receptor. furthermore, this apoptosis contributed to haif of the vascular anti-hypertrophie action, without regards to the studied antihypertensive drug. In the heart, amiodipine reduced non-cardiornyocytes hyperplasia by selectively eliminating interstitial fibroblasts by apoptosis in temporal correlation with the onset of lefi ventricular hypertrophy regression and well before the reduction of cardiomyocytes size. Finally, kinin receptors blockers did flot affect cardiac apoptosis in our model. The elucidation of the moiecular pathways involved in the apoptotic response, notably the kinin B1 receptor, as well as the recognition of the role played by apoptosis in the reversai of cardiovascular hypertrophy, give a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the beneficial actions of antihypertensive drugs that usually give a better prognostic regarding cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Floral Visitation, Pollen Removal, and Pollen Transport of Tacca cristata Jack (Dioscoreaceae) by Female Ceratopogonid Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

Premise of research. Tacca is a monocot genus characterized by an unusual reproductive display, with plants possessing umbelliform inflorescences subtended by highly conspicuous leafy bracts and filiform bracteoles with colors ranging from dark maroon to white. Paradoxically, previous studies indicated very low levels of outcrossing in some showy Tacca species, implicating self-pollination as the primary reproductive strategy. Methodology. We describe visual observations and collections made of floral visitors to flowering individuals of Tacca cristata Jack in Singapore. Pivotal results. Female ceratopogonid midges were observed to visit the flowers at anthesis and were collected with pollen specifically placed on their dorsal thoracic region. A significant proportion of flowering plants was attacked by florivores. Conclusions. These findings suggest that at least some showy species of Tacca may be pollinated to some extent through insect visitation. The reproductive biology of Tacca, including inflorescence display, is discussed in the context of its natural history.
On the principles of cell decision-making: intracellular coupling improves cell responses fidelity of noisy signals

Reliability of cell fate decision-making is crucial to biological development. Until today it has not been clear what are biology’s design principles that allow for reliable cell decision making under the influence of noise. Here, we attempt to answer this question by drawing an analogy between cell decision-making and information theory. We show that coupling of intracellular signalling pathway networks makes cell phenotypic responses reliable for noisy signals. As a proof of concept, we show how cis-interaction of the Notch-Delta pathway allows for increased performance under the influence of noise. Interestingly, in this case, the coupling principle leads to an efficient energy management. Finally, our postulated principle offers a compelling argument why cellular encoding is organized in a non-linear and non-hierarchical manner.
Effect of two types biological fertilizers containing amino acids ongermination indices of wheat varieties under in vitro drought stress conditions

An experiment were done for evaluation effect of two types biological fertilizers containing amino acids on germination indices of 11 wheat varieties under in vitro drought condition in research laboratory of Islamic Azad University, Ardabil branch. For this purpose, factoriel experiment was applied on the basis of completley randomized block designe in three replications. Factor A was in two conditions (drought and normal); Factor B in three levels ( water, Aminol Forte and Fosnutren) and Factor C included 11 wheat genotypes. Results showed significant differences between amino acid compositions of this research for average duration of germination, germination speed, final germination percent and average daily germination at probability level of 5 %. Results of means comparison revealed that Sardari had the highest germination speed by 0.03322 and Cross Sabalan the lowest amount by 0.02661. Fosnutren was the best of all traits except of germination speed. We can conclude that biologically amino acid fertilizers Can contribute a great positive impact on the germination indices of wheat.
T Regulatory Cell and Body Tolerance

Humans are always exposed to environmental microbes, the micro biome studies that have under scored the trust of mammalian systems on appropriate microbial colonization to support metabolic and immune homeostasis. Chronic inflammatory disease including allergy, have increased dramatically over the past decades. The role of the Treg in defining both the local and systemic immune response, also in GI response to pathogenic microbes is important. In this review, we examined the role of regulatory T cells in Gut and whole body homeostasis.