Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Properties of action potentials from insect motor nerve fibres.

1. The properties of nerve action potentials in small insect motor nerves were studied using extracellular recording electrodes. 2. A length of nerve was lifted out of solution and recordings were made with respect to the solution either from an intact nerve (triphasic recording) or from near a cut end of the nerve (monophasic recording). 3. In a cockroach nerve, the number of spontaneously active fibres was small enough that corresponding nerve fibres could be identified in each preparation by their action potential amplitude and their pattern of activity. Under controlled conditions, the absolute amplitudes of either monophasic or triphasic records were reproducible and could be used to calculate fibre diameter. The calculations were confirmed from histological sections of the nerve. 4. Conduction velocity varied approximately as the 0.78 power of fibre diameter in a cockroach nerve and as 0.7 power of fibre diameter in a locust nerve. These values are considerably larger than the square root relation predicted if membrane properties are independent of fibre diameter. 5. Membrane properties probably vary with fibre diameter since the action potential duration increases dramatically for fibres below 5 µ in diameter. 6. For the cockroach nerve systematic structural differences between fibres of different sizes are also seen with the electron microscope and the relation of these to the functional differences is considered.
High power, high frequency traveling wave heterojunction phototransistors with integrated polyimide waveguide

A high power, high speed phototransistor has been demonstrated using a traveling wave structure with an integrated polyimide optical waveguide. In our configuration, optical power transfer is distributed along the length of the device via leaky mode coupling of light from the polyimide waveguide to the active region of the phototransistor. The traveling wave electrode design allows for an electrically long structure while maintaining high bandwidths. Due to the increased absorption volume, the optical power handling capabilities of the TW-HPT are improved over that of conventional lumped element HPT detectors. The experimental results show no compression of the fundamental at 60 GHz up to 50 mA of DC photocurrent.
Plantaciones forestales versus el bosque nativo

En el ultimo tiempo se ha criticado fuertemente por parte de sectores ambientalistas a las plantaciones forestales Pinus insignis D. Don y el Eucaliptus globulus Labill , afirmando lo perjudiciales y daninas que son para el medio ambiente y su impacto negativo en la mantencion del bosque nativo (INFOR, 2014). Las principales criticas apuntan a que se esta sustituyendo bosque nativo por plantaciones, que los monocultivos acidifican el suelo, no permitiendo posteriormente otros cultivos “mas nobles”, que estas especies secan los cauces de agua (Donoso & Otero, 2005) La realidad indica que lo senalado no tiene bases cientificas. En relacion a la amenaza de los monocultivos al bosque nativo, no existe una relacion entre estas dos formaciones vegetales. El bosque nativo ha visto aumentada su superficie en Chile, En efecto, hay 170.000 ha mas en la actualidad que en el ano 1997 (Lara et al., 2012).
Oral sequelae of head and neck radiotherapy.

In addition to anti-tumor effects, ionizing radiation causes damage in normal tissues located in the radiation portals. Oral complications of radiotherapy in the head and neck region are the result of the deleterious effects of radiation on, e.g., salivary glands, oral mucosa, bone, dentition, masticatory musculature, and temporomandibular joints. The clinical consequences of radiotherapy include mucositis, hyposalivation, taste loss, osteoradionecrosis, radiation caries, and trismus. Mucositis and taste loss are reversible consequences that usually subside early post-irradiation, while hyposalivation is normally irreversible. Furthermore, the risk of developing radiation caries and osteoradionecrosis is a life-long threat. All these consequences form a heavy burden for the patients and have a tremendous impact on their quality of life during and after radiotherapy. In this review, the radiation-induced changes in healthy oral tissues and the resulting clinical consequences are discussed.
Power saving efficiency of a novel packet aggregation scheme for high-throughput WLAN stations at different data rates

Multiple MCS and receiver aggregation (MMRA) is a method to aggregate several MAC protocol data units (MPDUs) that are intended for different receivers and can be transmitted at different modulation and coding schemes (MCS) in the next generation of WLAN, the IEEE 802.11n protocol. Traditional aggregation schemes only link MPDUs between the same source and destination device pair together. The main purpose of aggregation is to reduce the number of access attempts to the medium and thereby significantly increase the protocol efficiency and data throughput. Analytical computations show that MMRA performs better not only in time efficiency compared to other single-rate aggregation schemes, where MPDUs aggregates belonging to different receivers are limited to the lowest MCS, but above all MMRA outperforms single-rate aggregation schemes in terms of power efficiency. MMRA provides a power saving frame format structure, which will allow receiving stations to reduce power consumption and save battery life, crucial for small handled devices.
Semantically Linking Information Resources for Web-Based Sharing

Digital information resources on the web have been playing an important role during the information and knowledge propagation. Advanced applications such as intelligent information retrieval and information recommendation need the semantic relations among the digital information resources. Massive hyperlinks have existed in the current web; however, the semantic relations among the information resources are implicit or missing, and this has hindered the efficiency and effect of information sharing and information reuse, so it is necessary to evolve the hyperlinks to semantic links for enhancing the semantic connections between information resources on the web. Implicit and missing semantic links among the digital information resources are needed by the intelligent applications. In this paper, the authors propose an approach to enhance the semantic associations among digital information resources for realizing a semantic linked web. Applications based on semantic links are discussed and compared with applications on the current web. The semantic linked web can be regarded as a promising stage in the way to the semantic web.
Implant occlusion: biomechanical considerations for implant-supported prostheses

Clinically, natural occlusal concepts can be applied to implant prostheses. However, a natural tooth has a support design that reduces the forces to the surrounding crest of bone compared to the same region around an implant. If a clinical condition is likely to increase biomechanical stresses, dentists should implement occlusal mechanisms to decrease the stresses and develop an occlusal scheme that minimizes risk factors and allows the restoration to function in harmony with the rest of the stomatognathic system. By avoiding initial and long-term loss of crestal bone surrounding implant fixtures, implant-protected occlusion is proposed as a way to overcome mechanical stresses and strain from the oral musculature and occlusion. Implant-protected occlusion can be accomplished by increasing the surface area of implants, decreasing the width of the occlusal table, improving the force direction, and reducing the magnification of the force. By doing these things, we can minimize overload on bone-implant interfaces and implant prostheses, to maintain an implant load within the physiological limits of individualized occlusion, and ultimately provide long-term stability of implants and implant
Epitope studies indicate that histidyl‐tRNA synthetase is a stimulating antigen in idiopathic myositis

The most frequently found myositis‐specific antibody, the anti‐Jo‐1 antibody (anti‐HRS), binds to histidyl‐tRNA synthetase (HRS). Although this antibody reacts with HRS, it is unclear whether HRS is the stimulating antigen or is merely a protein that cross‐reacts with a yet undefined antigen. Because antibody directed against an unrelated antigen would not be expected to cross‐react with HRS at multiple sites, we mapped the epitopes on HRS to resolve this issue. We found by Western blot analyses that immunoglobulins G (IgG) from 18 of 19 anti‐HRS positive patient sera react with amino acids 2‐44 and 286‐509 of HRS. Patient IgG specific for these two epitopes were found not to inhibit HRS enzyme activity. Instead, the inhibitory property of anti‐HRS was found to be associated with antibodies that do not react to HRS in immunoblots, indicating the presence of other epitopes. In addition, antibodies that react in immunoblots were found to represent only a small fraction of total anti‐HRS antibody. Our finding that patient IgG recognized at least three distinct epitopes on HRS strongly suggests that the immunological response at some point in the disease is directed against HRS and not against a cross‐reactive anti‐gen.—Martin, A. , Shulman, M. J., Tsui, F. W. L. Epitope studies indicate that histidyl‐tRNA synthetase is a stimulating antigen in idiopathic myositis. FASEB J. 9, 1226‐1233 (1995)
The Rooting of the Mind in the Body: New Links Between Attachment Theory and Psychoanalytic Thought

The relationship between psychoanalysis and attachment theory is complex indeed. A brief review of the psychoanalytic literature as it concerns attachment theory and research, and of the attachment literature as it pertains to psychoanalytic ideas, demonstrates an increasing interest in attachment theory within psychoanalysis. Some of the difficulties that attachment theory faces in relation to psychoanalytic ideas are traced to its links to the now dated cognitive science of the 1960s and 1970s. Today, however, a second-generation cognitive neuroscience seeks neurobiologically plausible accounts in which links with brain and body are seen as shaping mind and consciousness, which increasingly are seen as “embodied,” as emerging from or serving the needs of a physical being located in a specific time, place, and social context. This idea has also been at the core of much psychoanalytic thinking, which has historically affirmed the rootedness of symbolic thought in sensory, emotional, and enacted experience with objects. Now neurobiological advances supporting the concept of embodied cognition offer an opportunity to forge powerful links between the hitherto separate domains of attachment theory and psychoanalysis. Speculations about the nature of language are presented that emphasize the origin of internal working models (and of representations in general) in early sensorimotor and emotional experiences with a caregiver. It is argued that language and symbolic thought may be phylogenetically and ontogenetically embodied, built on a foundation of gestures and actions, and are thus profoundly influenced by the experience of early physical interaction with the primary object. Finally, the clinical and research implications of these ideas are discussed.
Correction to Measuring Personal Exposure to Organophosphate Flame Retardants using Silicone Wristbands and Hand Wipes.

Environ. Sci. Technol. 2016, 50 (8), 4483−4491; DOI:10.1021/acs.est.6b00030 The urine concentrations reported in the original paper were raw values but mistakenly reported as specific gravity-corrected. These do not change the overall results of the paper as the associations among specific gravity-corrected urine concentrations are very similar to those among the raw values. Page 4486, Section, Statistical Analysis. The last sentence should read, “Analysis results using each set of urine concentrations were essentially not differentiable, and the associations and graphs with raw urine concentrations are presented here. ” Page 4487, Section, Specific-Gravity Corrected Urine. This section heading should be labeled, “Urine. ” Page 4487, Table 2. The values in this table are correct; however, the section heading under “matrix and compound” should be “Raw Urine” rather than “SG-Corrected Urine. ” Page 4488, Table 3 caption. The values in this table are correct, but the caption should read “Spearman Correlation Coefficients for PFR and PFR Metabolite Levels Measured in Paired Wristbands (n = 40), Hand Wipes (n = 38), and Urine (n = 40). ” Page 4488, Figure 2. The values within this figure are correct, but the headings should exclude “sg” prior to BDCIPP and BCIPHIPP. Page 4488, Section, Comparing Wristbands and Hand Wipes to Urine. In the first paragraph, it should read, “TPHP and mono-ITP concentrations on the wristbands were not correlated with DPHP, but TPHP concentrations on the wristbands were correlated to specific-gravity-corrected DPHP concentrations. ” Page 4489, Table 4 caption and headings. Again, the values in this table are correct for the raw urine concentrations. Therefore, the caption should read, “Results of Regression Analyses for Associations with Raw Urinary Metabolites Based on Parent Compounds on Wristbands and Hand Wipes Categorized as Tertiles. ” The headings within the table should exclude “SG-corrected” before each of the PFR metabolitesBDCIPP, BCIPHIPP, and DPHP. Page 4489, Table 5 headings. The regression analyses utilized raw urine concentrations as the outcome; therefore, the headings should exclude “SG-corrected” before each of the metabolites.
Update on micronutrients in bariatric surgery

Purpose of reviewObesity is a growing worldwide epidemic. Obese patients are often deficient in micronutrients despite macronutrient excess. Bariatric surgery is an increasingly utilized modality in the treatment of obesity and obesity-related conditions. Bariatric surgery itself may cause or exacerbate micronutrient deficiencies with serious sequelae. This review will focus on perioperative strategies to detect, prevent and treat micronutrient deficiencies in patients undergoing bariatric surgery, and will highlight practical and clinical aspects of these nutritional problems. Recent findingsMicronutrient deficiency is common in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery both preoperatively and postoperatively. Bariatric procedures with a malabsorptive component are more likely to result in postoperative micronutrient deficiency. A system-based approach will facilitate clinical suspicion of specific or combined micronutrient deficiencies, leading to appropriate laboratory tests for confirmation. Supplementation by the oral route is always tried first, reserving parenteral administration for specific situations. SummaryClinicians should be aware that micronutrient deficiencies are common in obese patients who may have macronutrient excess. Micronutrient deficiency may exist preoperatively or be caused by bariatric procedures themselves. A systematic and team-based approach will decrease morbidity associated with delays in diagnosis and treatment.
Non-adherence in difficult asthma and advances in detection

Non-adherence to anti-inflammatory therapies is common in patients referred for specialist assessment at difficult-to-treat asthma services. In the difficult asthma setting, non-adherence to treatment is associated with poor baseline asthma control, increased frequency of exacerbations and asthma-related hospitalizations, as well as increased risk of death. Here, we present a review of the current literature surrounding the prevalence and risks of non-adherence in difficult asthma and we report on current methods of measuring treatment adherence and advances in the detection of non-adherence. We will also explore methods by which non-adherence in difficult asthma can be addressed.
Pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase. IV. Studies on the reaction mechanism.

Abstract The sequence of the reaction catalyzed by pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase was investigated. The pyruvate14CO2 exchange reaction and acetoin formation are inhibited by electron acceptors such as ferredoxin, FAD, FMN, and dyes, but not by DPN. The enzyme catalyzes the formation of acetoin in the presence of pyruvate and acetaldehyde, which suggests that hydroxyethyl thiamine pyrophosphate is an intermediate of the reaction. When substrate levels of the enzyme reacted with pyruvate, a stoichiometric amount of HCO3- was formed but the enzyme chromophore is not reduced. The addition of coenzyme A to the reaction mixture in the absence of an electron acceptor leads to bleaching of the enzyme chromophore and formation of a stoichiometric amount of acetyl-CoA. The enzyme chromophore reduced by addition of pyruvate and CoA is reoxidized by FAD or ferredoxin. The chromophore is also reduced by reduced ferredoxin formed by the hydrogenase system. Based on these observations a reaction sequence is proposed and evidence in support of the mechanism is discussed. It is concluded that the enzyme chromophore, rather than ferredoxin, serves as a primary electron acceptor.
Florida Submergence Curve Revised: Its Relation to Coastal Sedimentation Rates

New data substantiate as well as modify the south Florida submergence curve, which indicates that eustatic sea level has risen continuously, although at a generally decreasing rate, during the last 6500 to 7000 sidereal years (5500 standard radiocarbon years) to reach its present position. Accumulation rates of coastal deposits are similar to the rate of sea-level rise, thus supporting the generalization that submergence rates largely determine as well as limit rates of coastal sedimentation in lagoonal and estuarine areas.
Understanding Personality and Predicting Outcomes: The Utility of Cognitive-Behavioral Probes of Approach and Avoidance Motivation

Approach and avoidance motivation may represent important explanatory constructs in understanding how individuals differ. Such constructs have primarily been assessed in self-reported terms, but there are limitations to self-reports of motivation. Accordingly, the present review concentrates on the potential utility of implicit cognitive-behavioral probes of approach and avoidance motivation in modeling and understanding individual differences. The review summarizes multiple lines of research that have documented the utility of such probes to the personality-processing interface. Although multiple gaps in our knowledge exist, and are acknowledged, the value of such implicit cognitive-behavioral assessments is emphasized both in modeling multiple subcomponents of approach and avoidance motivation and in showing that such tendencies matter in ways that transcend momentary experiences or manipulations.
A study of MRF-based circuit implementation

Probabilistic computing provides a new approach towards building fault-tolerant systems. In a fully digital system, the logic states are considered as random variables. One can no longer expect a correct logic signal at all nodes at all times, but only that the joint probability distribution of signal values has the highest likelihood for valid logic states. A case study on probabilistic architecture implementation based on Markov random field (MRF) is discussed. A comparison between MRF-based and standard CMOS-based inverters simulation results in microscale for both noisy and ideal conditions was performed using Cadence tools. The results show that MRF inverter is tolerant to noise as compared to the standard inverter.
Enforcing security for prevention of DoS attack in wireless sensor networks using economical modeling

This paper focuses on the assessment of the properties of security enforcement mechanisms for prevention of denial of service (DoS) attacks in wireless sensor networks. First part of the paper demonstrates the requirement for security enforcement using auction theory that allows detection of non cooperative nodes. In the proposed protocol, nodes prefer to participate in forwarding incoming packets and gaining reputation in the network. Nodes willing to do so must compete against each other. The competition is based on auction theory. We also formulate attack-defense problem as a non-cooperative nonzero-sum two-player game between an attacker and a wireless sensor network. This game achieves Nash equilibrium and thus leading to a defense strategy for the network. This approach is called utility based dynamic source routing (UDSR), which incorporates the total utility of each route in data packets. Results show that the proposed game frameworks significantly increase the chance of success in defense strategy for the wireless sensor network
A roadmap on QoE metrics and models

5G communications are expected to adopt a user-centric service provisioning approach, transforming the current Quality of Service (QoS) networking paradigm to a Quality of Experience (QoE) platform. Towards this direction, the design of QoE quantification methods is a vast necessity, prior to the design of QoE-driven service/network management techniques and the proposal of QoE-aware customer experience management and charging policies. Contributing to this effort, in this paper we provide a comprehensive overview and inventory of the currently available QoE estimation approaches and models. More specifically, we discuss the relation between QoS and QoE, the major QoE influence factors, the QoE evaluation end estimation process, and the dominant objective QoE estimation models.
Quantifying wet scavenging processes in aircraft observations of nitric acid and cloud condensation nuclei: WET SCAVENGING OF NITRIC ACID AND CCN

[1] Wet scavenging is an important sink term for many atmospheric constituents. However, production of precipitation in clouds is poorly understood, and pollutant removal through wet scavenging is difficult to separate from removal through dry scavenging, atmospheric mixing, or chemical transformations. Here we use airborne data from the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation project to show that measured ratios of soluble and insoluble trace gases provide a useful indicator for quantifying wet scavenging. Specifically, nitric acid (HNO3), produced as a by-product of combustion, is highly soluble and removed efficiently from clouds by rain. Regional carbon monoxide (CO), which is also an indicator of anthropogenic activity, is insoluble and has a lifetime against oxidation of about a month. We find that relative concentrations of HNO3 to regional CO observed in clear air are negatively correlated with precipitation production rates in nearby cloudy air (r2 = 0.85). Also, we show that relative concentrations of HNO3 and CO can be used to quantify cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) scavenging by precipitating clouds. This is because CCN and HNO3 molecules are both fully soluble in cloud water and hence can be treated as analogous species insofar as wet scavenging is concerned. While approximate, the practical advantage of this approach to scavenging studies is that it requires only measurement in clear air and no a priori knowledge of the cloud or aerosol properties involved.