Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ambulatory Surgery: Room Air Versus Nasal Cannula Oxygen During Transport After General Anesthesia

We compared outpatients transported to the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) while breathing room air to 2–4 L/min nasal cannula oxygen (O2) to test the hypothesis that routine supplemental O2 during transport is not required after general anesthesia in an ambulatory surgery center. We also examined whether the arbitrary arrival PACU O2 saturations of >92% may be used to predict an infrequent incidence of subsequent significant desaturations (<90%) in the PACU. One-hundred-ninety patients were randomized to receive either room air or 2–4 L/min nasal cannula for transport to PACU after receiving general anesthesia. O2 saturations were recorded before surgery, just before leaving the operating room, and upon arrival in the PACU. The lowest O2 saturation occurring in the PACU was also recorded. The mean arrival PACU O2 saturation was 95.0 in the Room Air group, compared with 97.2 for the Nasal Cannula (NC) group, a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). In the Room Air group, 20% had arrival O2 saturations ≤92%, and half of these (10%) had O2 saturations <90%. In the NC group, 6% had O2 saturations ≤92%, of which one third (2%) were <90% on arrival in the PACU. All of these initial desaturations were easily corrected with face-tent O2 administration, deep breathing, or both. Subgroup analysis revealed that patients whose ages were 60 yr or older or those weighing 100 kg or more had lower arrival room air saturations than their younger or slimmer counterparts. In the Room Air group, only three (3.9%) of the patients that arrived in PACU with O2 saturations >92% had subsequent desaturations <90%, compared with seven (7.9%) in the NC group. We conclude that most adult patients undergoing ambulatory surgery can be transported safely to the PACU breathing room air after general anesthesia. However, patients whose age was ≥60 yr or weight was ≥100 kg, or for whom transient O2 desaturation on transport may be harmful, should be transported while breathing nasal O2 via nasal cannula.
Log2 (N, m, p) strictly nonblocking networks

A class of self-routing strictly nonblocking switching networks, called the Log/sub 2/ (N, m, p) network, is introduced. The proposed networks are self-routing and have O (Log/sub 2/ N) stages between each inlet-outlet pair. The self-routing capability makes it attractive for high-speed switching; the small number of crosspoints between each inlet-outlet pair also makes the network well suited for many nonlogic photonic switching technologies. The complexity and the fault-tolerant capability of the strictly nonblocking Log/sub 2/ (N, m, p) network are analyzed. To show the merits of the proposed network, the authors compare it to the Cantor network, which is also strictly nonblocking and has similar characteristics. >
Multilevel Modulation Based Differentiated Data Aggregation for Wireless LANs

Data aggregation is a mechanism in which multiple frames are transmitted to a receiver, followed by a single acknowledgment. Compared with the typical acknowledgement scheme, the aggregation mechanism has the advantage of amortizing the network overhead over multiple frames for improved throughput performance. In this paper we propose a novel cross-layer based differentiated data aggregation scheme, which combines data aggregation at MAC layer and multilevel modulation at physical layer to increase the transmission efficiency of IEEE 802.11 based WLANs. Extensive simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms current data aggregation scheme up to 25%
Data-Based Considerations for Electronic Family Health History Applications

Family health history contains important information about the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to patterns of health and illness in families. Applications for collecting, managing, and analyzing family health history could be improved if their design were informed by an understanding of how consumers think about and report family health history. This article presents a descriptive analysis of themes from family health history interviews that have implications for development, selection, and use of family health history tools. Important themes included ways in which family is defined, including nonbiological family members and pets; ideas about health and disease, including degree of exposure and individual perceptions; and barriers to reporting family health history, including large biological families and uncertainty. Some themes identified (eg, uncertainty) have been recognized previously and continue to be important considerations. Other themes identified, such as perceptions about severity of illness or conditions and causal relationships, are newly recognized and may have implications for nurses and other providers designing, selecting, and using family health history applications.
The adipose organ of obesity-prone C57BL/6J mice is composed of mixed white and brown adipocytes[S]

White and brown adipocytes are believed to occupy different sites in the body. We studied the anatomical features and quantitative histology of the fat depots in obesity and type 2 diabetes-prone C57BL/6J mice acclimated to warm or cold temperatures. Most of the fat tissue was contained in depots with discrete anatomical features, and most depots contained both white and brown adipocytes. Quantitative analysis showed that cold acclimation induced an increase in brown adipocytes and an almost equal reduction in white adipocytes; however, there were no significant differences in total adipocyte count or any signs of apoptosis or mitosis, in line with the hypothesis of the direct transformation of white into brown adipocytes. The brown adipocyte increase was accompanied by enhanced density of noradrenergic parenchymal nerve fibers, with a significant correlation between the density of these fibers and the number of brown adipocytes. Comparison with data from obesity-resistant Sv129 mice disclosed a significantly different brown adipocyte content in C57BL/6J mice, suggesting that this feature could underpin the propensity of the latter strain to develop obesity. However, the greater C57BL/6J browning capacity can hopefully be harnessed to curb obesity and type 2 diabetes in patients with constitutively low amounts of brown adipose tissue.
Conversão de voz inter-linguística

Voice conversion is an emergent problem in voice and speech processing with increasing commercial interest, due to applications such as Speech-to-Speech Translation (SST) and personalized Text-To-Speech (TTS) systems. A Voice Conversion system should allow the mapping of acoustical features of sentences pronounced by a source speaker to values corresponding to the voice of a target speaker, in such a way that the processed output is perceived as a sentence uttered by the target speaker. In the last two decades the number of scienti c contributions to the voice conversion problem has grown considerably, and a solid overview of the historical process as well as of the proposed techniques is indispensable for those willing to contribute to the eld. The goal of this work is to provide a critical survey that combines historical presentation to technical discussion while pointing out advantages and drawbacks of each technique, and from this study, to develop new tools. Some contributions proposed in this work include a method for spectral decomposition in terms of radial basis functions, arti cial phonetic map, warping functions among others, in order to implement a text-independent crosslingual voice conversion system of high quality.
Development of Mobile Platforms Using PDA Bluetooth Control

This paper describes a prototype that uses Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) and Bluetooth communication in an information system designed to supervise Automated Robotic Maintenance systems. This work is a collaboration between different University departments with different specialties. The work focuses on the programming of PDA devices and its usage in monitoring systems with domotic applicability. One of the desired goals is to apply new technologies for deploying an information system on mobile and wireless devices. The system’s architecture and results are presented in this paper
New insights into ocular albinism type 1 (OA1): Mutations and polymorphisms of the OA1 gene

Albinism ocular type 1 (OA1) is an X‐linked type of albinism that mainly effects pigment production in the eye, resulting in hypopigmentation of the retina, nystagmus, strabismus, foveal hypoplasia, abnormal crossing of the optic fibers, and reduced visual acuity. The OA1 gene is located on chromosome Xp22.32 and the coding sequence is divided into nine exons. The protein is an integral transmembrane protein that has weak similarities to G protein‐coupled receptors. A total of 25 missense, two nonsense, nine frameshift, and five splicing mutations have been reported in the OA1 gene associated with OA1. There are also several deletions of some or all exons of the OA1 gene with deletions of exon 2 resulting from unequal crossing‐over, due to flanking Alu repeats. Mutation and polymorphism data on this gene is available from the International Albinism Center – Albinism Database web site (http://www.cbc.umn.edu/tad). Hum Mutat 19:85–92, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human hemopoietic growth factors

Hematopoiesis is regulated by a complex network of soluble stimulators and inhibitors, as well as by cellular interactions in the bone marrow microenvironment. Progress in molecular biology and protein biochemistry has provided a number of hemopoietic growth factors that are now available in large quantities for in vitro and in vivo studies. Several of them seem to hold great promise for patients suffering from insufficient hematopoiesis of various causes. This review focusses on new developments in the understanding of hemopoietic growth factors activity, and on recent clinical data.
Enhanced Accumulation of Pb in Indian Mustard by Soil-Applied Chelating Agents

Phytoremediation is emerging as a potential cost-effective solution for the remediation of contaminated soils. Because contaminants such as lead (Pb) have limited bioavailability in the soil, a means of solubilizing the Pb in the soil and facilitating its transport to the shoots of plants is vital to the success of phytoremediation. Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) was used to demonstrate the capability of plants to accumulate high tissue concentrations of Pb when grown in Pb-contaminated soil. Concentrations of 1.5% Pb in the shoots of B. juncea were obtained from soils containing 600 mg of Pb/kg amended with synthetic chelates such as EDTA. The accumulation of Pb in the tissue corresponded to the concentration of Pb in the soil and the concentration of EDTA added to the soil. The accumulation of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn from contaminated soil amended with EDTA and other synthetic chelators was also demonstrated. The research indicates that the accumulation of metal in the shoots of B. juncea can be enhanced t.
Socio-Cultural Factors of Gender Roles in Women’s Healthcare Utilization in Southwest Nigeria

Socio-cultural factors are threat to women’s health and well-being. A culture reinforces the gender role and life style of husbands and wives. No matter how equipped a health facility is, it is the patronage that makes the difference to good health. People’s socio-cultural background plays vital role in seeking and acceptance of health care. The consequence of these factors on the use of health facility among pregnant women is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality and a powerful brake on the road to the achievement of MDGs as well as overall development. Maternal mortality in Nigeria is very high, with an estimated 52,900 Nigerian women dying from pregnancy-related complications out of a global total of 529,000 maternal deaths. It is not encouraging to note that 62 percent of births in Nigeria occur at home and 96 percent of women who received no ANC services delivered at home. Several factors lead to health care facility utilization and among these the less studied is the socio-cultural dimension and hence the focus of the paper. The study was carried out in Ado-Odo/Ota local government area with 260 eligible respondents, selected randomly from the eight wards in the local government. Interview approach was employed with the aid of structured questionnaire to elicit required information from the respondents and data analyzed using SPSS. The main objective of this study is to understand the influence of socio-cultural factors influencing health care utilization among women during pregnancy and child birth. The findings show that husband perception of pregnancy complications, age at marriage, who pays ante-natal bills, family type, treatment place decision are significant towards use of health care services by mothers. Paper provides recommendations for improving the use of maternal health delivery services in the study area and beyond.
Elevated blood pressure levels in adolescents, Evans County, Georgia. Seven-year follow-up of 30 patients and 30 controls.

Hypertension in adolescents is still a debatable subject in regard to prognosis. Conclusions on the significance of "prehypertension" have been divided and no long-term follow-up has been reported in a representative population. In a group of 435 adolescents of the Evans County Epidemiologic Study, 11% had hypertension (≥140 and/ or ≥90 mm Hg) in 1961. After seven years, 30 of this group were reevaluated. Two deaths from cerebral hemorrhage occurred. One patient has hypertensive heart disease; sustained hypertension with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular symptoms developed in three more. Five were found to have asymptomatic sustained hypertension. Seven more had hypertension not reaching levels of sustained hypertension (≥160 and/or ≥95 mm Hg). Twelve have become normotensive. The most impressive associated finding was overweight and subsequent weight gain in eventual sustained hypertensives.
Reliability of field methods for estimating body fat

When health professionals measure the fitness levels of clients, body composition is usually estimated. In practice, the reliability of the measurement may be more important than the actual validity, as reliability determines how much change is needed to be considered meaningful. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of two bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) devices (in athlete and non‐athlete mode) and compare that to 3‐site skinfold (SKF) readings. Twenty‐one college students attended the laboratory on two occasions and had their measurements taken in the following order: body mass, height, SKF, Tanita body fat‐350 (BF‐350) and Omron HBF‐306C. There were no significant pairwise differences between Visit 1 and Visit 2 for any of the estimates (P>0·05). The Pearson product correlations ranged from r = 0·933 for HBF‐350 in the athlete mode (A) to r = 0·994 for SKF. The ICC's ranged from 0·93 for HBF‐350(A) to 0·992 for SKF, and the MD's ranged from 1·8% for SKF to 5·1% for BF‐350(A). The current study found that SKF and HBF‐306C(A) were the most reliable (<2%) methods of estimating BF%, with the other methods (BF‐350, BF‐350(A), HBF‐306C) producing minimal differences greater than 2%. In conclusion, the SKF method presented with the best reliability because of its low minimal difference, suggesting this method may be the best field method to track changes over time if you have an experienced tester. However, if technical error is a concern, the practitioner may use the HBF‐306C(A) because it had a minimal difference value comparable to SKF.
Thrombolytic therapy preserves vagal activity early after acute myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of thrombolytic therapy on vagal tone after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). DESIGN Holter monitoring for 24 h was performed at hospital discharge and 6 weeks after AMI in 74 consecutive male survivors of a first AMI, who fulfilled established criteria for thrombolytic therapy. Thirty-five patients received thrombolyses, while the remaining 39 patients did not (controls). In each Holter recording 24-h heart rate variability was calculated as pNN50, which represents the percentage of successive RR interval differences >50 ms. Alterations in pNN50 are known to reflect changes in vagal tone. RESULTS The analysis showed that controls early after AMI had low pNN50 values without any diurnal changes. Six weeks after AMI pNN50 values in controls exhibited a circadian rhythm with higher values during night-time. This pattern was similar to the pattern observed in thrombolysed patients early after AMI. In thrombolysed patients pNN50 values, particularly at night, were further improved 6 weeks after AMI (p = 0.037). CONCLUSION These observations indicate that thrombolytic therapy, given for a first AMI, preserves vagal activity when compared with patients who are not thrombolysed. The enhanced parasympathetic tone may be a part of the beneficial mechanisms responsible for the reduction in mortality after thrombolysis in AMI.
Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Oxidative DNA Damage

To maintain genomic integrity, cells are equipped with a defense capacity against DNA damage generated in genomic DNA. The avoidance of mutations in genomic DNA is especially critical for undifferentiated cells, such as Embryonic stem (ES) cells. Among the many factors damaging DNA, Reactive Oxidative Species (ROS) are crucial and unavoidable, and thus the roles of ROS in cell differentiation and cellular functions have been extensively studied. However, the biological significance of ROS generation in cell differentiation remains a matter of debate. Among the types of DNA damage due to ROS, 8-oxoguanine (8-oxo-Gua) has been well studied and is known to generate GC-to-TA point mutations in genomic DNA. We recently analyzed the differences in the resistance to 8-oxo-Gua generation between undifferentiated cells and their differentiated counterparts. Our studies indicated that undifferentiated cells were more resistant to 8-oxo-Gua generation, in comparison to differentiated cells. In this short review, we describe the relationship between ES cell differentiation and oxidative DNA damage / DNA repair systems, by summarizing our previous work and that of other researchers.
Repression of ESR1 through Actions of Estrogen Receptor Alpha and Sin3A at the Proximal Promoter

ABSTRACT Gene expression results from the coordinated actions of transcription factor proteins and coregulators. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that can both activate and repress the expression of genes. Activation of transcription by estrogen-bound ERα has been studied in detail, as has antagonist-induced repression, such as that which occurs by tamoxifen. How estrogen-bound ERα represses gene transcription remains unclear. In this report, we identify a new mechanism of estrogen-induced transcriptional repression by using the ERα gene, ESR1. Upon estrogen treatment, ERα is recruited to two sites on ESR1, one distal (ENH1) and the other at the proximal (A) promoter. Coactivator proteins, namely, p300 and AIB1, are found at both ERα-binding sites. However, recruitment of the Sin3A repressor, loss of RNA polymerase II, and changes in histone modifications occur only at the A promoter. Reduction of Sin3A expression by RNA interference specifically inhibits estrogen-induced repression of ESR1. Furthermore, an estrogen-responsive interaction between Sin3A and ERα is identified. These data support a model of repression wherein actions of ERα and Sin3A at the proximal promoter can overcome activating signals at distal or proximal sites and ultimately decrease gene expression.
Pralatrexate in patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma: results from the pivotal PROPEL study.

PURPOSE Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is a poor prognosis subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with no accepted standard of care. This study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of pralatrexate, a novel antifolate with promising activity. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with independently confirmed PTCL who progressed following ≥ 1 line of prior therapy received pralatrexate intravenously at 30 mg/m(2)/wk for 6 weeks in 7-week cycles. Primary assessment of response was made by independent central review using the International Workshop Criteria. The primary end point was overall response rate. Secondary end points included duration of response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Of 115 patients enrolled, 111 were treated with pralatrexate. The median number of prior systemic therapies was three (range, 1 to 12). The response rate in 109 evaluable patients was 29% (32 of 109), including 12 complete responses (11%) and 20 partial responses (18%), with a median DoR of 10.1 months. Median PFS and OS were 3.5 and 14.5 months, respectively. The most common grade 3/4 adverse events were thrombocytopenia (32%), mucositis (22%), neutropenia (22%), and anemia (18%). CONCLUSION To our knowledge, PROPEL (Pralatrexate in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma) is the largest prospective study conducted in patients with relapsed or refractory PTCL. Pralatrexate induced durable responses in relapsed or refractory PTCL irrespective of age, histologic subtypes, amount of prior therapy, prior methotrexate, and prior autologous stem-cell transplant. These data formed the basis for the US Food and Drug Administration approval of pralatrexate, the first drug approved for this disease.
In vitro tumor model for evaluating the lung cancer induced tumor angiogenesis

Angiogenesis is not only physiological changes necessary for some process, but also some scientists have found it plays a role in development of cancer. When the tumor is newly formed, the cancer cell itself or the surrounding connective tissue secretes many proteins to promote angiogenesis. These substances will activate endothelial cells, for example: (a) decomposition of the tumor surrounding connective tissue damage; (b) endothelial cell proliferation; (c) the place of endothelial cells to promote the secretion of angiogenic substance transportation; (d) endothelial cells is reassembled into new blood vessels. We try to mimic the phenomenon of the angiogenic by chip.
Partially Reassembled High Density Lipoproteins: Effects on Cholesterol Flux, Synthesis, and Esterification in Normal Human Skin Fibroblasts

The effects of a partially reassembled high density lipoprotein (PR-HDL) prepared by a detergent removal method on the cholesterol metabolism of fibroblasts has been tested under conditions of lipid depletion. The PR-HDL were composed of apoiipoprotein A-I (1 mol) from human plasma HDL, 1 -palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) 100 mol, and varying amounts of cholesterol. Below 15 moi%, the PR-HDL effected a net efflux of cholesterol from the fibroblasts; as a consequence, the activities of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and acyl coenzyme A acyltransferase, respectively, were increased and decreased. Above 15 mol% cholesterol in the PR-HDL, net influx of cholesterol was observed and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity was decreased, while acylcoenzyme A acyltransferase activity was increased. The uptake of several phosphatidylcholines, apo A-I, and cholesterol were measured as a function of time. The rates of lipid transfer to the cells decreased with increasing hydrophobicity of the transferring lipid. By contrast, in parallel experiments a relatively small quantity of l25I apo A-I was associated with the cells. Our results suggest that a component of lipid transfer from PR-HDL to fibroblasts occurs via monomeric transfer through the aqueous phase that is independent of apo A-I binding.