Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Linguistic typology and theory construction: Common challenges ahead

Abstract 1. Introduction The goal of this article is twofold: to present a brief overview of differences and similarities between formal grammars (regardless of particular mode of implementation) and typology, and to outline the common challenge faced by both. To anticipate our conclusion, typological approaches to language and theory construction have much to offer each other, but need to engage in a real dialogue, rather than merely talk about the need for such a dialogue. Otherwise both orientations run the risk of becoming (increasingly) irrelevant.
Atrial Fibrillation Following Investigation of Rhythm Management: AFFIRM Trial Outcomes. What Might Be Their Implications for Arrhythmia Control?

During the last decade or so, major changes have been made in the approaches to the control of supraventricular as well as ventricular tachyarrhythmias. A few landmarks need emphasis. A precise understanding of the mechanisms of the origin of cardiac arrhythmias led to the development of electrode catheter ablative techniques; these developments have resulted in an extraordinary high degree of success in curing a very large proportion of patients with re-entrant supraventricular arrhythmias. This striking degree of success, however, has been essentially elusive in the case of ventricular tachyarrhythmias, where the development and refinement of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator has substantially altered the therapeutic landscape of these life-threatening arrhythmias (1). Although they prolong survival in many patients, these important techniques and approaches have not made major inroads in the management of certain arrhythmias and, in particular, atrial fibrillation (2-5). Despite the rapid advances made in understanding how this arrhythmia arises, and how it is propagated and perpetuated (6,7), its treatment remains frustrating and undoubtedly challenging. Furthermore, pharmacologic therapy remains the mainstay of control and prevention of atrial fibrillation (2,3,8). No recent spectacular advances have been made in the synthesis and characterization of novel antiarrhythmic and antifibrillatory compounds (9-15). However, can we learn some lessons from the study of existing drugs and their effects in atrial fibrillation?
Determination of the Geographical Origin of Kimchi by 1H NMR-Based Metabolite Profiling

Kimchi is a well-known traditional Korean food. Its geographical origins can be determined by its biochemical composition. This study identified the biochemical compositions of kimchi extracts from Korea and China by (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy followed by multivariate data analysis. Principal component analyses (PCA) clearly discriminated between extracts prepared in the two countries. The identified metabolites, including amino acids, organic acids, sugars, and ethanol, contributed to discriminating the geographical origin of kimchi extracts. Furthermore, differences in composition by origin were predicted with high accuracy in external validation models. These results establish biochemical profiles for kimchi extracts, and indicate that metabolomics can be used in the discrimination of food origins.
Entanglement for metrology with atomic ensembles

Ultimate quantum fluctuations which limit the fundamental precision in metrology can be only reduced by entanglement of particles. In particular, squeezing of the fluctuations called the spin projection noise by means of generation of entanglement in an ensemble of atoms can improve the precision of spectroscopy and of atomic clocks. A powerful tool for generation of multiparticle entanglement is a quantum nondemolition measurement (QND). We will describe the fundamentals of QND measurement of atomic collective state with light and present a recent experiment [1] where this method has been used to reduce the projection noise on the clock transition in an ensemble of 105 cold and trapped Cesium atoms. Another method for generation of spin squeezing via electron-nucleus entanglement applicable only for atoms with angular momentum higher than ½ will be also discussed [2].
Design of Control and Switching Frequency Optimization of DC/DC Power Converter for Super-capacitor

The article discusses design of mathematical model buck and boost converter and the analysis of the optimal frequency choice of the PWM signal for IGBT. The converter is dedicated for charging and discharging of hybrid car drive super-capacitor energy storage. The main role of the converter is to optimize energy content in super-capacitor storage used to acceleration and deceleration during driving period. Mathematical model of the system in MATLAB/Simulink and converter prototype with Freescale Digital Signal Processor 56F8257 were designed. Comparing of simulation results and results measured on the prototype are discussed on the end of the article.
Neuropsychological and Virtual Reality Assessment in Topographical Disorientation

Although literature does not provide a unique explanation, the importance of hippocampus for human topographical learning and orientation is assumed to be relevant by most of the authors. There is considerable evidence that the hippocampus is necessary for acquiring cognitive maps of allocentric space, which includes topographical knowledge of large-scale real environments. This study aimed to investigate neuropsychological and behavioral characteristics of topographical disorientation in a 71 years old patient, affected by an ischemic bilateral occipital lesion involving the hippocampus. Several assessment methods have been involved: neuropsychological test, paper and pencil test for the evaluation of topographical abilities, and a Virtual Reality tool. Experimental evidences for the value of an integrated evaluation approach in underlying spatial orientation difficulties are provided.
Lateral Subcutaneous Brow Lift: Updated Technique.

Age-related changes affecting the periorbital area and resulting in eyebrow ptosis have a greater impact on the lateral eyebrow; correction of this deformity is a common request from patients seeking periorbital rejuvenation.1 Various techniques have been utilized to address eyebrow ptosis, including the coronal brow lift, endoscopic technique, anterior hairline approach, transpalpebral lift, midforehead lift, and direct brow lift. Furthermore, arguments for dissection in each of the different tissue planes—subcutaneous, subgaleal, or subperiosteal—have all been discussed. Each of these approaches has specific indications, risks, and benefits, and should be selected after comprehensive evaluation of the patient.2-4 In our experience, a full coronal incision often results in an obvious midline scar in the central forehead, increases the risk of elongating the vertical height of the forehead, and can result in paresthesias posterior to the hairline, a symptom that is very bothersome to patients. Endoscopic brow lifts require additional equipment with increased operative time, and the deeper dissection involved in this technique results in suboptimal brow elevation compared to the subcutaneous approach. Furthermore, not all patients are appropriate candidates for endoscopic brow lifts, including those with significant convex frontal bones, high or receding hairlines, deep transverse rhytides, or significant brow ptosis. In patients presenting with lateral brow descent, the temporal or lateral subcutaneous brow lift has produced consistent and effective results. This technique has been well described in the literature, and has several advantages, including shorter operative time, feasibility under local anesthesia, decreased …
The Growing Need to Teach about Complementary and Alternative Medicine: Questions and Challenges

With the increased popularity of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), there is a growing interest in the topic among physicians, residents, and medical students, who feel an increased need to have proper instruction about CAM therapies. Medical schools and residency programs are starting to respond to this demand, having realized that to provide better care and foster an improved patient—doctor relationship, physicians should become informed consultants, and be able to provide educated advice about CAM to their patients and help them integrate any CAM therapies shown to be safe and effective into their health care. The authors acknowledge that opinions differ about the adequacy of research findings to certify the safety and efficacy of specific therapies, and stress that physicians' decisions about CAM use should be subject to the same exacting criteria employed by researchers to evaluate any new therapies. The authors report on CAM curriculum developments in Germany, Canada, and the United States that illustrate various approaches to the question, “What should be taught in a CAM course? ” In most cases, the approach is to teach about CAM therapies, although in others, therapies that the curriculum planners considered useful and safe are being integrated into the medical curriculum.
Probabilistic Award Strategy for Contract Net Protocol in Massively Multi-agent Systems

We propose a probabilistic award selection strategy for a contract net protocol (CNP) in massively multi-agent systems (MMASs) for effective task allocations. Recent Internet and sensor network applications require sophisticated multi-agent system technologies to enable the large amounts of software and computing resources to be effectively used. Improving the overall performance of MMASs in which thousands of agents work concurrently requires a new negotiation strategy for appropriately allocating tasks to agents. Our proposed method probabilistically selects the awardee in CNP based on the statistical difference between bid values for subtasks that have different costs. We explain how our proposed method can significantly improve the overall performance of MMASs.
Drug-Related Hospital Admissions

OBJECTIVE: To review and summarize studies reporting rates of drug-related hospital admissions. DATA SOURCES: Manual and computerized literature searches using MEDLINE, Index Medicus, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts as databases (key words: Drug, drug-related, or iatrogenic; admission, hospital admission, or hospitalization; and ADR or adverse drug reaction). References from retrieved articles were searched to locate further studies. STUDY SELECTION: Included were English-language studies of humans admitted to the hospital because of medications. Problems investigated were admissions prompted by adverse drug reactions (ADRs) when drugs were used by the patient and admissions resulting from a patient's noncompliant or unintentionally inappropriate drug use. Excluded were cases involving drug abuse, alcoholism, suicide attempts, intoxication, or inadequate prescribing. DATA SYNTHESIS: Between 1966 and 1989, ADR rates from 49 hospitals or groups of hospitals in a variety of international settings were published in 36 articles. Sample sizes ranged from 41 to 11 891 patients, with a median of 714 (interquartile range [IQR] 275-1245) and a mean of 1412 (SD 2233). The prevalence of reported admissions resulting from ADRs ranged from 0.2 to 21.7 percent; the median was 4.9 percent (IQR 2.9–6.7 percent) and the mean was 5.5 percent (SD 4.1 percent). The weighted meta-analytic estimate was 5.1 percent (95 percent confidence interval 4.4–5.8). Of those ADR admissions, 71.5 percent were side effects, 16.8 percent excessive effects, 11.3 percent hypersensitivity reactions, and 0.4 percent idiosyncratic; 3.7 percent of patients admitted for ADRs died. Eleven reports indicated that 22.7 percent of ADR hospitalizations were induced by noncompliance. CONCLUSIONS: Drug-induced hospitalizations account for approximately five percent of all admissions. Results apply only to people from highly developed industrialized countries. Economic analyses have not been performed. Future research should include the Third World and nonindustrialized nations as well as specific cultural groups.
AuMID: An Authentication Mechanism based on Identity Tag under Future Internet Architecture

It has been commonly recognized that the current Internet faces serious security and scaling problems. To address these problems, the architecture of ID/locator separation is the focus of future Internet development. However, the relevant authentication mechanism has not been proposed under this architecture. In this paper, we advance a new authentication mechanism called AuMID under ID/locator separation architecture, and describe the detailed procedures of access authentication and handoff authentication, and simultaneously give the deployment of authentication centers. Besides, AuMID uniquely introduces the Identity Tag which represents the terminal’s identity information to implement the sustainable authentication for the terminal. This mechanism adopts the challenge-response approach and achieves the double-way authentication between the terminal and access network. At the same time, by the use of Identify Tag AuMID successfully guarantees the authenticity of the source under ID/locator separation architecture. In conclusion, this paper gives a qualitative analysis for the scalability and security of this AuMID and an evaluation of handoff authentication delay.
A randomized comparison of a durable polymer Everolimus-eluting stent with a bare metal coronary stent: The SPIRIT first trial.

BACKGROUND Everolimus is a sirolimus analogue with similar efficacy in animal models, and has been previously successfully tested in humans using an erodable polymer. METHODS This first-in-man single blind multi-centre randomized controlled trial assessed the safety and efficacy of everolimus eluting from a durable polymer on a cobalt chromium stent in patients with de novo native coronary artery lesions. Sixty patients were allocated to stent implantation with an everolimus-eluting stent (n=28) or an identical bare stent (n=32). Patients had either stable, unstable angina or silent ischaemia. Suitable lesions treated were single de novo native coronary lesions with 50-99% stenosis and could be covered by a 18 mm stent. The primary endpoint was in-stent late loss at 180 days, analysed on a per treatment basis. The major secondary endpoint was percent in-stent volume obstruction (%VO) as measured by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) at 180 days. The clinical secondary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at 180 days. RESULTS At 6 months, (matched pairs angiographic analysis), the in-stent late loss, percentage diameter stenosis and percentage of patients with binary restenosis were 0.10 mm, 16% and 0% respectively, in the everolimus arm (n=23), as compared with 0.87 mm, 39% and 25.9%, respectively in the bare stent arm (n=27, p<0.001 for late loss and diameter stenosis, p = 0.01 for restenosis). Significantly less neointimal hyperplasia was observed in the everolimus group compared to the bare stent group (10 +/- 13 mm3 vs 38 +/- 19 mm3, p<0.001) and similarly, less volume obstruction (8.0 +/- 10.4% versus 28.1 +/- 14.0%, p<0.001). A major adverse cardiac event occurred in 2 patients in the everolimus arm versus 6 in the bare stent arm. CONCLUSION Everolimus eluted from a durable polymer on a cobalt chromium stent effectively suppresses neointimal growth at 6 months compared to an identical bare stent.
Health attitudes and psychological distress in patients attending a lithium clinic

ABSTRACT– Health attitudes and psychological distress were investigated in 50 patients attending a lithium clinic and in 50 normal controls. Patients receiving lithium treatment did not report more worry about illness, hypochondriacal attitudes, concern about pain, disease phobia and bodily preoccupations than normals, even though they took fewer precautions about their health and exhibited more self‐rated psychological distress. Since most of the psychiatric patients were found to display more fears about illness and death than controls in other studies, this preliminary report may suggest that normal health attitudes are associated with lithium compliance in affective illness.
Thrombotic microangiopathy in association with cytomegalovirus infection in a renal transplant patient: a new treatment strategy.

BACKGROUND Cytomegalovirus (CMV) associated with thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) in transplant patients has not been extensively described. This case illustrates an association between CMV and TMA in a transplant patient with resolution of the latter after treatment of the CMV. METHODS AND RESULTS At 6 weeks after renal transplantation, a 57-year-old woman presented with TMA. Cyclosporine was discontinued, and plasmapheresis was started. However, the patient continued to deteriorate and developed CMV pneumonitis. Plasmapheresis was discontinued, and intravenous ganciclovir was initiated. Both the TMA and the CMV resolved after initiation of the ganciclovir. CONCLUSION This case identifies another potential etiological factor in the development of TMA after renal transplantation. It is the first reported case of TMA being cured with treatment of CMV.
Understandings of Social Mix and Community Opposition to Social Housing Constructed under the Nation Building Economic Stimulus Plan

Historically social housing has acted as a catalyst for community concern, resistance and activism (Bostock et al., 2004; Rose, 2004; Kleinman, 1999). Such resistance is couched in concerns over the changing nature of place and the character of local neighbourhoods and anxiety over social issues such as crime and stigmatisation (Jacobs et al., 2011; Arthurson, 2004; Randolph and Wood, 2004). However with the Australian context, under a neoliberal urban governance model, such conflict and community concern has been tempered as very few new social housing dwellings have been constructed (Jacobs et al., 2010; Beer et al., 2007). With the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) this position changed with major public expenditure on new social housing coming from the Federal government under the Nation Building Economic Stimulus Plan (NBESP) in 2009/2010. This new construction acted as a trigger for community opposition in a number of targeted neighbourhoods. Community concerns was as much about process as it was opposition to new social housing construction. As part of this resistance, the discourse of social mix was adopted to challenge construction.
Lac and lambda repressors relieve silencing of the Escherichia coli bgl promoter. Activation by alteration of a repressing nucleoprotein complex.

The Escherichia coli bgl promoter is kept in a repressed state by silencer sequences which flank the promoter and by the histone-like protein H-NS. Silencing of the bgl promoter is likely due to the formation of a repressing nucleoprotein complex of which H-NS is an essential component. Here, we show that silencing is abolished by the binding of Lac or lambda repressors to their respective operators that were inserted within the bgl upstream silencer. Efficient activation of bgl operon transcription by Lac and lambda repressors was independent of the position and phasing of the operators with respect to the promoter. Activation by Lac and lambda repressors as shown here is unprecedented. We conclude that the activation of bgl transcription by both repressors is achieved by a novel mechanism, that is by alteration of the repressing nucleoprotein complex rather than by protein-protein interactions with RNA polymerase and the catabolite activator protein, CAP.
Weaving a classical metric with quantum threads.

Results that illuminate the physical interpretation of states of nonperturbative quantum gravity are obtained using the recently introduced loop variables. It is shown that (i) while local operators such as the metric at a point may not be well defined, there do exist nonlocal operators, such as the area of a given two-surface, which can be regulated diffeomorphism invariantly and which are finite without renormalization; (ii) there exist quantum states which approximate a given metric at large scales, but such states exhibit a discrete structure at the Planck scale.
Allergic rhinitis in patients with asthma: the Swiss LARA (Link Allergic Rhinitis in Asthma) survey

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the characteristics of asthma (A) and allergic rhinitis (AR) among asthma patients in primary care practice. Research design and methods: Primary care physicians, pulmonologists, and allergologists were asked to recruit consecutive asthma patients with or without allergic rhinitis from their daily practice. Cross-sectional data on symptoms, severity, treatment and impact on quality of life of A and AR were recorded and examined using descriptive statistics. Patients with and without AR were then compared. Results: 1244 asthma patients were included by 211 physicians. Asthma was controlled in 19%, partially controlled in 27% and not controlled in 54%. Asthma treatment was generally based on inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) with or without long acting beta 2 agonists (78%). A leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) was used by 46% of the patients. Overall, 950 (76%) asthma patients had AR (A + AR) and 294 (24%) did not (A − AR). Compared to patients with A − AR, A + AR patients were generally younger (mean age ± standard deviation: 42 ± 16 vs. 50 ± 19 years, p < 0.001) and fewer used ICS (75% vs. 88%, p < 0.001). LTRA usage was similar in both groups (46% vs. 48%). Asthma was uncontrolled in 53% of A + AR and 57% of A − AR patients. Allergic rhinitis was treated with a mean of 1.9 specific AR medications: antihistamines (77%), nasal steroids (66%) and/or vasoconstrictors (38%), and/or LTRA (42%). Rhinorrhoea, nasal obstruction, or nasal itching were the most frequently reported AR symptoms and the greatest reported degree of impairment was in daily activities/sports (55%). Conclusions: Allergic rhinitis was more common among younger asthma patients, increased the burden of symptoms and the need for additional medication but was associated with improved asthma control. However, most asthma patients remained suboptimally controlled regardl-ess of concomitant AR.
Tissue‐specific cadmium and metallothionein levels in freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense during acute exposure to waterborne cadmium

The freshwater crabs Sinopotamon henanense were exposed to different concentrations of waterborne cadmium (Cd). The relationship between tissue‐specific Cd accumulation and metallothionein (MT) induction was investigated using the Cd saturation assay and atomic absorption spectrophotometry method. The results showed that Cd accumulation rose significantly in all tissues studied after Cd exposure, and the Cd accumulation level in various tissues followed the following order: gill > hepatopancreas > muscle > ovary. MT levels were clearly tissue‐specific after Cd exposure. Hepatopancreas was found to have the highest MT level, followed by the gill, muscle, and ovary. In conclusion, the results indicated although Cd exposure clearly resulted in MT induction, its synthesis does not correlate with Cd accumulation in the later stage of Cd exposure. The calculated ratios of actual Cd to theoretical maximum Cd‐MT in the hepatopancreas were <1.0 under acute waterborne Cd at all sampling points, indicating that the hepatopancreas had much greater Cd‐binding potential of MT than the gill, muscle, or ovary. It is clear from our results that a positive correlation was shown between MT induction and Cd accumulation both in hepatopancreas and gill. Therefore, MT induction can be considered as a biomarker for acute waterborne Cd pollution. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2008.