Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intraspecific diversity in prey body size influences survivorship by conferring resistance to predation

Intraspeci ﬁ c diversity can have as strong an effect on communities and ecosystems as more well-studied effects of species diversity. Intraspeci ﬁ c variation in prey body size may have particularly strong effects on populations by in ﬂ uencing the outcome of predator – prey interactions, but this has received little attention. We tested the hypotheses that (1) body size of the Sydney Rock Oyster, Sacosstrea glomerata , in ﬂ uences predation risk; (2) increasing intraspeci ﬁ c variation in body size of the oyster will enhance total survivorship; (3) oyster size phenotypes will differ in the magnitude of survivorship bene ﬁ ts they incur from association with other phenotypes; and (4) size-speci ﬁ c survivorship bene ﬁ ts of associating with other body sizes will vary with predator access. In a fully factorial ﬁ eld experiment, we manipulated the diversity of S. glomerata oyster body sizes (1 – 3 size classes per treatment) and predator access to prey (small vs. large mesh cages). Oyster total and individual phenotype survivorship was documented over an 8-week period. Overall, the relationship between diversity in S. glomerata body size and survivorship was positive and was related to changes in density of individual body sizes when grown in mixtures. In fact, no phenotype had lower percent survivorship in mixtures than in monoculture. Nevertheless, individual phenotypes displayed differing responses to predator access treatments and phenotype mixing that re ﬂ ected differences in the types of predators (e.g., shell drilling or removing) to which they were most susceptible. In general, the greatest survivorship bene ﬁ ts of phenotype mixing were seen in treatments where the most disparate (i.e., small, large) size classes were mixed. Our study adds to growing evidence of the importance of intraspeci ﬁ c diversity in mediating key population processes such as predation. Importantly, different oyster phenotypes bene ﬁ t from increasing phenotypic diversity depending on the predators that can access the oysters, suggesting that ﬂ exible complementarity among oyster phenotypes may be a useful tool for increasing the resistance and resilience of oysters in a range of environments which vary in their predator composition. These results will help to inform strategies for enhancing survivorship of species transplants in restoration projects.
CULTURAL INFLUENCE AND SOCIAL SUPPORT TOWARDS THE DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, AND STRESS LEVELS (CASE STUDY)

The student’s mental health has been a global issue. Students from various regions in Indonesia are more likely to be affected by mental health disorders caused by encountering an unfamiliar environment. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of culture shock and social support on depression, anxiety, and stress that is experienced. This research is a cross-sectional study using primary data taken from Polytechnic of Statistics students in the academic year of 2018/2019. The questionnaire refers to DASS-21, MOS Social Support, and 12 cultural concussion items formed by Taft and Mumford. The data obtained were analyzed by the PLS-SEM method. The results found that the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress experienced by students are 25.36%, 58.41%, and 17.20%, respectively. In addition, the high occurence of culture shock makes the depression, anxiety and stress experienced increased. Conversely, there was no significant effect between social support and culture shock, depression, anxiety, and stress. The high prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress experienced by students have a negative impact. All related parties are expected to help overcome students' mental health disorders.
Characterization of root‐nodule bacteria indigenous in the salt‐affected soils of Egypt by lipopolysaccharide, protein and plasmid profiles

Some characteristics of thirty isolates of root‐nodule bacteria, indigenous in the salt‐affected soil of Egypt, were studied. To recognize different isolates of these bacteria, the electrophoretic pattern of plasmids and of whole cell lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and proteins were analysed and compared using agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) and sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), respectively. The bacteria showed patterns of LPS, protein and plasmid which varied among isolates of different plant species as among isolates of a single plant species. Based on LPS and protein profile analysis, isolates from root‐nodules of broadbean and lupin plants were more diverse than isolates from root‐nodules of berseem plant. Root‐nodule bacteria of lupin and berseem were also less diverse than root‐nodule bacteria of broadbean when compared on the basis of plasmid profiles. This result indicate that root‐nodule bacteria of broadbean may have higher surviving ability in the salt‐affected soil. Most isolates of the root‐nodule bacteria synthesized specific LPS (smooth, ladder‐like type) and protein, which were different from LPS and protein of other well‐known (recognized) Rhizobium species. These specific forms of LPS and protein could be a prerequisite for the bacterial isolates to tolerate salt stress conditions of the salt‐affected soils.
Immunocytochemical and Ultrastructural Identification of Pituitary Cell Types in the Protogynous Thalassoma duperrey during Adult Sexual Ontogeny

Abstract Protogynous wrasses (Thalassoma duperrey): females (F), primary males (PM) along with a few terminal-phase males (TM) and sex-changed males (SM), were used to characterize the topographical organization of the pituitary. In general, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural features of the adenohypo-physeal cell types of the saddleback wrasse pituitary resemble those of other teleosts. In the rostral pars distalis (RPD), corticotropic cells were found bordering the neurohypophysis (NH) and surrounding the centroventrally located prolactin cells. Thyrotropic cells formed a small group in the anteriodorsal part of the rostral and proximal pars distalis (PPD). The somatotropic cells were distributed in large clusters, mostly organized in cell cords around the interdigitations of the NH of the dorsal PPD. Cells containing gonadotropin Ib subunit were localized in the dorsal parts of the PPD, in close association with somatotropic cells and gonadotropin IIb subunit containing cells were seen in the centroventral parts of the PPD and along the periphery of the pars intermedia (PI). The pars intermedia was composed of melanotropic cells and somatolactin cells that lined the neurohypohysis. Distinct ultrastructural differences in corticotropic and somatotropic cells were not observed between the four groups. In all groups, prolactin cells in the ventral-most RPD could be immature cells or actively secreting prolactin. Gonadotropic II cells of PM and F had relatively higher incidence of “nuclear budding” and cell organelles compared to TM and SM. Besides gonadotropic, the active melanotropic and somatolactin cells might be associated with some aspect(s) of reproduction.
Evaluating Detection Probabilities for American Marten in the Black Hills, South Dakota

Abstract Assessing the effectiveness of monitoring techniques designed to determine presence of forest carnivores, such as American marten (Martes americana), is crucial for validation of survey results. Although comparisons between techniques have been made, little attention has been paid to the issue of detection probabilities (p). Thus, the underlying assumption has been that detection probabilities equal 1.0. We used presence–absence data obtained from a track-plate survey in conjunction with results from a saturation-trapping study to derive detection probabilities when marten occurred at high (>2 marten/10.2 km2) and low (≤1 marten/10.2 km2) densities within 8 10.2-km2 quadrats. Estimated probability of detecting marten in high-density quadrats was p = 0.952 (SE = 0.047), whereas the detection probability for low-density quadrats was considerably lower (p = 0.333, SE = 0.136). Our results indicated that failure to account for imperfect detection could lead to an underestimation of marten presence in 15–52% of low-density quadrats in the Black Hills, South Dakota, USA. We recommend that repeated site-survey data be analyzed to assess detection probabilities when documenting carnivore survey results.
Universities, the Public Good, and the SDG 4 Vision

The inclusion of higher education in the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets signalled a significant shift from the focus on universal primary education in the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) framework. SDG 4 expresses a vision: ‘Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all’ (UNGA, 2015b, p. 17). This raises many issues concerning what it means for universities, which are historically associated with elites, to be inclusive and equitable, and what roles universities could and should play in society. What does quality higher education mean in the context of developing societies, or wealthy but unequal societies, or a world with growing inequality and looming environmental disasters? Given that universities serve individual learning and confer degrees, can the orientation expressed in SDG 4 to ‘lifelong learning opportunities for all’ sit alongside acquisition of specific and not easily accessible knowledge and skills, and promotion of highly technical areas of research? This chapter seeks to contribute to debate on these issues, and hence look closely at the higher education components of SDG Target 4.3, using research done on the public-good role of universities in four African countries: Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa.1 SDG Target 4.3 states: ‘By 2030, ensure equal access for all women and men to affordable and quality technical, vocational and tertiary education, including university’ (UNGA, 2015b, p. 17). The central focus of the chapter is to introduce ways to understand key terms, such as access, affordability, quality, and equality, as applied to tertiary education. To do this, we draw on views of these concepts in relation to questions about the public-good role of universities. A notion of the public good is implicit in the general SDG vision in which education is mentioned in targets for food security, women’s rights, decent work, health, and equalities. In the four African countries examined, the higher education sector is relatively small, but growing at a fast pace and confronted by a range of challenges around affordability, inequalities, and who defines quality.
PHYTOHEMAGGLUTINATION ASSAY OF CAMELLIA SINENSIS AND CAMELLIA ASSAMICA EXTRACTSON MEMBRANE RECEPTORS OF ERYTHROCYTE SURFACES

1. Department of Biotechnology, KLEF, Vaddeswaram, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India. 2. Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Assam, India. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History Received: 17 January 2020 Final Accepted: 20 February 2020 Published: March 2020
A multi-trait genetic analysis of protein yield, udder health, and fertility in first lactation Danish Holstein, Danish Red, and Danish Jersey using an animal model

Abstract The objective of this study was to estimate genetic correlations between yield and functional traits in Danish dairy cattle. For each breed information on about 250,000 first lactation cows were included in the analysis. The models used were similar to those used in the routine genetic evaluation. Heritabilities of protein yield (PY), somatic cell score (SCS), clinical mastitis (CM), and the fertility traits were 0.34, 0.14–0.15, 0.03–0.05, and 0.02–0.04, respectively (range describing variation between breeds). The genetic correlations between PY and the udder health traits and PY and the fertility traits were all positive and unfavorable. The genetic correlation between CM and SCS was as expected high, as were the correlations between the fertility traits. The genetic correlations between udder health and fertility traits were moderate to low and favorable. These results emphasize the importance of continuing including functional traits in the breeding goal.
Nitrogen budget in the euphotic zone of Lake Biwa from spring to summer, 1986

A seasonal study of photosynthetic products in Lake Biwa has made it possible to estimate the production rate of particulate nitrogen (PN). In the present study the production rate of PN (total production) from March to June 1986 was compared with the net decrease in the nitrate in the euphotic zone, which can correspondant to the new production, to estimate the nitrogen budget at the euphotic zone in Lake Biwa. The nitrogen budget obtained from a production model has been compared with measurements of the downward flux of PN, determined by sediment trap
The complete chloroplast genome of Sesbania cannabina (Fabaceae) from China

Abstract Sesbania cannabina (Retz.) Poir. (Fabaceae) is an annual herb, widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions. In this study, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of S. cannabina was reported and phylogenetic analysis was conducted with Fabaceae species based on the cp genome sequences. The cp genome of S. cannabina is 156,894 bp in length, consisting of a pair of inverted repeats (IR, 25,465 bp), a small single-copy (SSC, 18,837bp) and a large single-copy (LSC, 87128 bp) region. It encodes 126 genes including 81 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The Maximum Likelihood tree shows S. cannabina which is nested in Hologalegina clade of the subfamily Papilionoideae (Fabaceae).
Changes in particle size in the reticulorumen of sheep

Sheep fitted with 10-cm rumen fistulae were used to measure the changes occurring in the particle size of digesta under conditions of once daily feeding. Particle size distributions were determined by separation through sieves of various mesh sizes. In one experiment digesta samples were obtained from serial emptyings of the reticulorumen several times within 24-hr periods. In a second experiment particle size distributions resulting from various levels of food intake were measured 24 hr after feeding.
New species of Doliodrilus and other Limnodriloidinae (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae) from Hainan and other parts of the north-west Pacific Ocean

Thirteen species of Limnodriloidinae (Tubificidae) are recorded from marine and brackish-water habitats of Hainan Island, southern China, including 11 species of Doliodrilus and two species belonging to Limnodriloides. Eight species are new to science: D. bisaccus sp. n. (types from Japan), D. longidentatus sp. n. (types from Hong Kong), D. ciliatus sp. n. , D. adiacens sp. n. , D. fibrisaccus sp. n. (also from Fiji), D. brachyductus sp. n. , D. bidolium sp. n. and D. chinensis sp. n. In addition, material of D. puertoricensis Erséus and Milligan, 1988, from New Caledonia, is briefly described. This study shows that Doliodrilus is unexpectedly species-rich in Asian seas, in particular, around Hainan. Including an unnamed species from this island, the known members of this genus increase from three to 12.
¿Es leal el cliente de moda online? Claves de éxito para maximizar su lealtad en plataformas de venta online

En los ultimos anos, la moda se ha consolidado como uno de los sectores con mayor volumen de negocio a traves de Internet. Sin embargo, algunos estudios indican que los clientes de moda no son fieles a una plataforma concreta. En el presente estudio, mediante la metodologia de encuestas a una muestra de 405 clientes de plataforma de venta online en el sector de la moda, se analizan dos dimensiones de la experiencia online (calidad de servicio utilitaria y calidad de servicio hedonica), asi como sus efectos directos e indirectos sobre la satisfaccion y diversos factores de lealtad (recomendaciones, intencion de recompra y tolerancia al precio). La conclusiones obtenidas indican que tanto la calidad utilitaria como la calidad hedonica tienen un impacto similar en la satisfaccion, intenciones de recompra y tolerancia al precio. Sin embargo, la calidad hedonica tiene un efecto mayor sobre las recomendaciones (eWOM) de los consumidores que la calidad utilitaria (el doble). Asi pues, es relevante potenciar practicas de gestion de experiencias en las plataformas de venta online que impliquen una eficiente asignacion de recursos para conseguir un balance equilibrado entre calidad utilitaria y calidad hedonica. Palabras clave : Moda; calidad e-servicio; satisfaccion; lealtad
The effect of maternal phenology on offspring characters in the herbaceous plant Campanula americana

1 An individual's phenotype may influence the expression of traits in its offspring. I tested whether maternal flowering phenology influenced offspring germination and thus life history schedule in two populations of Campanula americana. Autumn‐germinating C. americana grow as annuals whereas individuals that germinate in the spring are biennials. 2 Under near‐natural conditions, early‐season flowers produced seeds that were more likely to germinate in the autumn than late‐season flowers, but spring germination was equally likely for all seeds. 3 Seed mass (two of three years) and percentage and timing of germination under constant environmental conditions (all three years) did not vary across the reproductive season. External environmental factors are therefore more likely to contribute to seasonal changes in the probability of germinating in the autumn than are the characteristics of the seeds. 4 The frequency of annual offspring varied among maternal plants. The association between the time a flower was open and offspring germination season suggests that evolution of life history schedule may be accomplished by altering maternal flowering phenology. 5 The association between the time of a flower's anthesis and its fruit maturation was weaker in two years when water was limiting. Limited water also resulted in earlier seed maturation, and consequently a greater proportion of a population's seed being produced during the period when autumn germination was likely. This, in combination with differences between populations, suggests that the magnitude of maternal phenological effects varies across years and populations.
Age Factor Influencing On Patients Subjected To Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Objective: To study age-dependent trends in long-term survival with its predictors in patients who underwent isolated CABG. Methods: 177 consecutive patients, operated on within 2014 were included in our study. The patients were divided into two age groups for the purposes of the statistical analysis: <60 year’s (n=96), and ≥60 years (n=81). The mean age was 54.5±2.9 year’s in the group of <60 years, whereas 63.6±2.5 in the ≥60 years. In both groups, the impact of the prevalence of comorbidities, severity of coronary lesion, revascularization degree (complete/incomplete) on postoperative outcome was assessed. Furthermore, the whole predictors of mortality were identified according to both age groups by means of multivariate analysis. End point of this study was overall survival. All data were obtained from patients’ medical, out-patient follow-up records, operative reports. Results: The mean follow-up of the overall cohort was 5.1±1.7 years. Chronic pulmonary disease, extracardiac arteriopathy, and neurologic dysfunction disease were significantly less frequent in the group of <60 years, whereas the prevalence of BMI ≥30, unstable angina, previous myocardial infarction, and preoperative severe depressed left ventricular ejection fraction were significantly higher in this population. At 5 years follow-up, survival rate was 94.8% in patients under 60 years (5 patients), 90.1% (8 patients) in those aged 60 and more year’s (p<0.001). By multivariate analysis, previous myocardial infarction, chronic renal failure, diabetes, chronic pulmonary disease, extracardiac arteriopathy and left main coronary artery disease were considered as independent predictors of mortality. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.834 (p<0.001, 95% CI: 0.724-0.902). Conclusion: Despite the coronary artery bypass grafting are more secure for both groups, a strict attention should be focused in order to design and improve preventive strategies aiming to reduce the impact of specific cardiovascular risk factors on younger patients, such as diet, lifestyle, weight control and more aggressive medical therapy. The reasonable revascularization strategy with its underscored threshold for elderly patients with multivessel and left main coronary artery diseases, potential risk factors for death as concomitant pathologies should be elaborated.
Selenium toxicity to aquatic life: An argument for sediment‐based water quality criteria

A number of streams in Colorado were found to contain waterborne selenium concentrations that consistently exceeded the current U.S. EPA chronic criterion of 5 μg/L and often exceeded the acute criterion of 20 μg/L. Despite these elevated concentrations, no biological impact was observed. These findings led to a review of selenium exposure pathways in freshwater. The literature strongly indicates that chronic selenium toxicity can result from accumulation of selenium in the sediment, movement into the food chain, and resulting dietary uptake. Chronic toxicity does not appear to be strictly a result of waterborne selenium concentrations. In fact, dissolved selenium concentrations are a poor predictor of potential chronic toxicity to freshwater organisms, when evaluated with Hill's criteria for causal association. To develop a more reliable chronic waterborne criterion, a sediment‐based method is needed to describe accurately potential chronic toxicity of selenium on a site‐specific basis.
Backbone NMR assignment of a hypothetical protein MJ0754 from Methanococcus jannaschii DSM 2661

MJ0754 is an unknown hypothetical protein from hyperthermophilic archaeon Methanococcus jannaschii DSM 2661. Here we report the protein purification and NMR spectroscopic study of the N-terminal deleted truncated form of recombinant MJ0754 protein (Δ10-MJ0754). We aquired 3D NMR spectra and assigned all the backbone chemical shifts including Cα, Cβ, CO, HN, and N of Δ10-MJ0754. The secondary structure of Δ10-MJ0754 was estimated from the assigned backbone chemical shifts. This NMR result is very useful for further structural and functional study of MJ0754 protein.