Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diseño y evaluación de un programa lúdico de intervención psicoeducativa con niños de 6-7 años

Este estudio tiene por objetivo disenar, aplicar y evaluar un programa de juego amistoso-cooperativo en sus efectos en distintas variables del desarrollo infantil de ninos de 6 a 7 anos. Para ello se emplea un diseno pretest-intervencion-postest, con una muestra de 125 sujetos experimentales (6 grupos) y 53 de control (2 grupos). En ambas fases de la evaluacion se miden las siguientes variables: conducta social en el aula, conducta social extraescolar, autoconcepto, status sociometrico, estabilidad emocional, esquema corporal, madurez para el aprendizaje, estrategias cognitivas de interaccion social y cooperacion grupal. La intervencion consiste en la aplicacion de 22 sesiones de juego, durante un curso escolar, cuya duracion oscila entre 60 y 90 minutos, en los que se realizan 4 o 5 actividades. Los 54 juegos que componen el programa estimulan la participacion, la aceptacion, la cooperacion, la ficcion y la diversion comun. Los analisis estadisticos (discriminantes, varianza, cluster) realizados con el spss/pc + pusieron de manifiesto que el programa de intervencion psicoeducativa estimulo significativamente en los sujetos experimentales: (1) una mejora en la conducta social en el aula, aumentando las conductas de liderazgo, jovialidad, sensibilidad social, respeto por las normas, y disminuyendo las conductas agresivas, de apatia y de ansiedad; (2) un cambio en la conducta social extraescolar, aumentando las conductas de liderazgo y sensibilidad social, y disminuyendo las conductas agresivas; (3) un progreso en las aptitudes de madurez para el aprendizaje escolar (comprension verbal, aptitud numerica), asi como un mayor reconocimiento de las partes del cuerpo; (4) una elevacion del autoconcepto; (5) un incremento en la cantidad de estrategias cognitivas de interaccion social indirectas, asi como una disminucion de las estrategias agresivas; (6) cambios positivos en las relaciones socioafectivas en el grupo escolar, y en la ca
Interleukin-18, a potential mediator of inflammation, oxidative stress, and allograft dysfunction.

This work was sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 30670819 and 30772051); Doctor Foundation of Education Ministry (20090181110026); and Sichuan Province Technology Foundation (2009SZ0144) of China. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Address correspondence to: Lanlan Wang, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People’s Republic of China. E-mail: wanglanlan85@126.com Y.L. designed the study, collected and analyzed the data, and wrote the article; B. Yang analyzed the data and contributed to the discussion; B.C. collected and analyzed the data; Y.S. designed the study and wrote the article; L.W. designed the study, coordinated the work group, and contributed to the discussion; and B. Ying designed the study, analyzed the data, and contributed to the discussion. Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text, and links to the digital files are provided in the HTML text of this article on the journal’s Web site (www.transplantjournal.com). Received 6 October 2010. Accepted 22 November 2010. Copyright © 2011 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ISSN 0041-1337/11/9105-589 DOI: 10.1097/TP.0b013e318208136b
A study of active compliant motion control methods for rigid manipulators based on a generic scheme

A generic control scheme is proposed to study the properties of a class of active compliant motion control methods that have been presented in literature. The paper concentrates on active force control methods. However, the similarity with other types of external sensor feedback is quite straightforward. It is shown that "type 1"-systems (i.e. one integration in the forward path) exhibit the most interesting properties. In addition it is shown that all active force control methods require a comparable degree of passive compliance in order to yield a comparable execution speed and disturbance rejection capability.
Combination chemotherapy of ovarian carcinoma with cisplatinum and treosulfan‐a phase II study

Summary. Twenty‐one patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma were treated with a Combination of cisplatinum and treosulfan. The overall response rate by clinical and ultrasound assessment was 86%, but ultrasound was less optimistic in assessing ‘completeness’ of response (48% compared with 67% clinically). The median actuarial survival was 21 months. There was a 54.9% probability of survival at 43 months in those patients with a complete response and a median survival of 15 months in patients with a partial response. The data suggest that while short‐term survival may depend upon the extent of residual disease, longer‐term survival is determined by response to chemotherapy. The only toxicity of note was haematological
Ribavirin and interferon‐α combination therapy vs interferon‐α alone in the retreatment of chronic hepatitis C: a randomized clinical trial

Summary. Interferon‐aL (IFN‐α) induces sustained remission of chronic hepatitis C in approximately 25% of patients. In patients who are non‐responders to the first course of therapy, retreatment with IFN‐α is of limited efficacy. Ribavirin has also been used to treat chronic hepatitis C, but it induces only a transient response. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of ribavirin and IFN‐α combination therapy for IFN‐α resistant chronic hepatitis C. Twenty‐four IFN‐α non‐responders and 24 relapsers were randomized to receive either ribavirin (1000 mg per day) together with IFN‐α (3–6 million units (MU) thrice weekly) or the same dose of IFN‐α alone, for 6 months. Both at the end of treatment and 6 months later, normal transaminase levels were more common in the patients receiving combination therapy than in the group receiving IFN‐α alone: 17 (70.8%) vs seven (29.2%) patients (P= 0.009) and six (25%) vs one (4.2%) patient (P= 0.034), respectively. At the end of treatment and 6 months later, serum HCV RNA was no longer detectable in eight (33.3%) and five (20.8%) patients in the combination therapy group and in six (25%) and one (4.2%) patient in the IFN‐α therapy group, respectively. Three patients (12.5%) were withdrawn prematurely from combination therapy because of side‐effects; ribavirin therapy was ceased or dosage reduced in six other patients (25%), again because of side‐effects. In conclusion, this combination treatment was more effective than retreatment with IFN‐α, alone, in inducing sustained biochemical remission of chronic hepatitis C that was resistant to a previous course of IFN‐α. The combination treatment, however, was frequently associated with significant side‐effects.
Childhood asthma and lung function in mid‐adult life

The longitudinal lung function data in 286 subjects from a 28 year follow‐up of childhood asthma is reported. Airway obstruction in mid‐adult life was present mainly in those with moderately severe asthma. Subjects who had been wheeze free for at least 3 years, even if asthma had been persistent in childhood, had normal lung function and no increased bronchial reactivity. Only two subjects, both with persistent asthma from childhood, failed to show an improvement in FEV1 of greater than 10% following inhalation of a beta‐adrenergic agonist. Subjects with relatively mild asthma who had not taken inhaled steroids did not appear to be disadvantaged with respect to lung function. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1997; 23:14–20. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new approach to improve the reconstruction quality in ultrasound elastography

The development of new medical imaging methods with high sensitivity and specificity for early cancer detection is of paramount interest in medical diagnostics. Since carcinomas are known to often show an increased stiffness compared to the surrounding healthy tissue, the so-called elastography is well-suited for their detection in soft tissue like the female breast. In elastography, the spatial distribution of elastic properties like the E-modulus is displayed as a two-dimensional map. In order to deduce the E-modulus distribution from the tissue's response (i.e. the estimated internal tissue displacements) to an external compression force, the inverse problem governed by the equilibrium equations of linear elastostatics must be solved. In this paper we propose a new approach to reduce the influence of the spatially non-stationary displacement estimation variance on the E-modulus reconstruction, and thus improve the reconstruction quality.
A novel detection technique for detecting sports motion based on electrostatic induction

In this study, we propose a technique for detecting sports motion by measuring the current generated because of a change in the capacitance between a given electrode and the human body by using wireless portable sensor. A theoretical model is proposed for the electrostatic induction current generated because of a change in the electric potential of the subject's body due to foot motions. We apply the proposed technique to determine the time for which an athlete's foot remains in contact with the ground and off the ground during pitching motion while playing baseball. Thus, we can quantitatively estimate the time for which an athlete's foot is in contact with the ground and off the ground on the basis of the time at which peaks were observed in the waveforms of the electrostatic induction current.
Properties of trypsin and of acid phosphatase immobilized in sol‐gel glass matrices

Trypsin and acid phosphatase‐containing silica sol‐gel glasses were obtained by mixing a solution of an enzyme with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 and tetramethoxy orthosilicate at room temperature, followed by gelation and drying. Activity of the immobilized trypsin toward small substrates, such as N‐benzoyl‐L‐arginine‐4‐nitroanilide at its Km, for the best preparations equaled that of the soluble enzyme. Polylysine (M(r) less than or equal to 13,000) and aprotinin (M(r) = 6,500) inhibited this activity. Larger polylysines as well as soybean trypsin inhibitor (M(r) = 20,100) were ineffective. The sol‐gel‐entrapped trypsin activity was stable when sol‐gel glasses were incubated at ambient temperature (pH 7.5) for several months. In comparison, trypsin, immobilized in sol‐gel glass by surface adsorption and incubated under the same conditions overnight, was completely autodigested. The firm interaction between the protein molecules and the silica matrix stabilized the enzymes. Thus, the half‐life of sol‐gel‐entrapped acid phosphatase at 70 degrees C (pH 8.0) was two orders of magnitude larger than that of the enzyme in solution. Transparent, mechanically and chemically stable bioactive sol‐gel glasses may be used for the development of robust on‐line biochemical photodetection sensors and for the purposes of chemical catalysis.
Metabolic effects of rosiglitazone in HIV lipodystrophy: a randomized, controlled trial.

BACKGROUND Patients with HIV infection who are treated with antiretroviral agents often lose subcutaneous fat and have metabolic abnormalities, including insulin resistance and reduced adiponectin levels, which may be related to disrupted subcutaneous adipogenesis and altered peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma signaling. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of rosiglitazone (4 mg/d), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist, in HIV-infected men and women with hyperinsulinemia and lipoatrophy. DESIGN A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 3-month study. SETTING University hospital. PATIENTS 28 HIV-infected men and women with hyperinsulinemia and lipoatrophy. MEASUREMENTS Insulin sensitivity measured by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp testing; subcutaneous leg fat area measured by computed tomography; adiponectin, free fatty acid, and lipid levels; and safety variables. RESULTS Rosiglitazone, when compared with placebo, improved insulin sensitivity (mean [+/-SD] change, 1.5 +/- 2.1 mg of glucose/kg of lean body mass per minute vs. -0.4 +/- 1.6 mg/kg per minute; P = 0.02), increased adiponectin levels (mean [+/-SD], 2.2 +/- 2.2 micro g/mL vs. 0.1 +/- 1.1 microg/mL; P = 0.006), and reduced free fatty acid levels (mean [+/-SD], -0.09 +/- 0.1 mmol/L vs. 0.01 +/- 0.1 mmol/L; P = 0.02). Mean percentage (+/-SD) of body fat (1.38% +/- 3.03% vs. -0.83% +/- 2.76%; P = 0.03) and subcutaneous leg fat area (2.3 +/- 8.4 cm2 vs. -0.9 +/- 1.9 cm2; P = 0.02) increased significantly with rosiglitazone compared with placebo. Mean total cholesterol levels (+/-SD) also increased with rosiglitazone compared with placebo (0.6 +/- 1.0 mmol/L [25 +/- 37 mg/dL] vs. -0.4 +/- 0.6 mmol/L [-15 +/- 25 mg/dL]; P = 0.007). LIMITATIONS The study was relatively small and of short duration. CONCLUSIONS The authors demonstrated positive effects of rosiglitazone on lipoatrophy; insulin sensitivity; and metabolic indices, including adiponectin levels, in HIV-infected patients with lipoatrophy and insulin resistance. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists may correct the metabolic abnormalities associated with disrupted adipogenesis in this population. Further studies must determine the clinical utility of such agents in HIV-infected patients.
A meta-analysis of estimated genetic and environmental effects on smoking behavior in male and female adult twins.

BACKGROUND Numerous twin studies on smoking behavior have shown that genetic and environmental factors play significant and approximately equal roles in the determination of smoking initiation (SI) and smoking persistence (SP). However, estimates of heritability (h2), shared (c2) and unique environmental effects (e2) from the literature display considerable variability for SI and SP, due most probably to differences in statistical analysis models, age, gender, sample size, origin of cohorts and measurement of smoking behavior. METHODS A systematic literature search identified six studies for SI and 10 studies for SP. Data from these studies were obtained and re-analysed by meta-analytical techniques. RESULTS For SI, our results indicate that the parameters h2, c2 and e2 are (mean +/- SEM): 0.37 +/- 0.04, 0.49 +/- 0.04 and 0.17 +/- 0.03 in male adults, and 0.55 +/- 0.04, 0.24 +/- 0.06 and 0.16 +/- 0.01 in female adults, respectively. These values were weighted by a combination of original estimates of variance from studies reporting variances plus estimated variances from studies where variances were not reported (called the combined variance method). Using the same approach for SP, we found that the parameters h2, c2 and e2 weighted by the combined variance method for the phenotype are (mean +/- SEM): 0.59 +/- 0.02, 0.08 +/- 0.04 and 0.37 +/- 0.03 in male adults, and 0.46 +/- 0.12, 0.28 +/- 0.08 and 0.24 +/- 0.07 in female adults, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that genetic factors play a more significant role for SI but a less significant role for SP in female adults compared to male adults. Significant gender difference was also detected in shared environmental factors for SI and SP. However, no significant gender difference was detected for e2 for either phenotype. These findings suggest that genetic and environmental factors may contribute differently to the determination of smoking initiation and persistence in male and female smokers.
Modulation of the proliferation and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells by copper

Copper plays important functional roles in bone metabolism and turnover. It is known that it is essential for normal growth and development of the skeleton in humans and in animals. Although at present the exact role that copper plays in bone metabolism is unknown, bone abnormalities are a feature of severe copper deficiency. Osteoblasts are derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) present in bone marrow stroma, which are able to differentiate into bone, adipocytes, and other cell phenotypes. Excess adipogenesis in postmenopausal women may occur at the expense of osteogenesis and, therefore, may be an important factor in the fragility of postmenopausal bone. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether an increase of the extracellular concentration of copper affects the ability of MSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts or adipocytes. The results showed that copper modified both the differentiation and the proliferative activity of MSCs obtained from postmenopausal women. Copper (50 μM) diminished the proliferation rate of MSCs, increasing their ability to differentiate into the osteogenic and the adipogenic lineages. Copper induced a 2‐fold increase in osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, measured as a increase in calcium deposition. Copper (5 and 50 μM) diminished the expression of alkaline phosphatase (50 and 80%, respectively), but induced a shift in the expression of this enzyme to earlier times during culture. Copper also induced a 1.3‐fold increase in the adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. It is concluded that copper stimulates MSC differentiation, and that this is preferentially towards the osteogenic lineage. J. Cell. Biochem. 85: 92–100, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electron impact, electron capture negative ionization and positive chemical ionization mass spectra of organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers.

Phosphate esters are important commercial products that have been used both as flame retardants and as plasticizers. To analyze these compounds by gas chromatographic mass spectrometry, it is important to understand the mass spectra of these compounds using various ionization modes. This paper is a systematic overview of the electron impact (EI), electron capture negative ionization (ECNI) and positive chemical ionization (PCI) mass spectra of 13 organophosphate esters. These data are useful for developing and optimizing analytical measurements. The EI spectra of these 13 compounds are dominated by ions such as H4 PO4 (+) , (M - Cl)(+) , (M - CH2 Cl)(+) or (M)(+) depending on specific chemical structures. The ECNI spectra are generally dominated by (M - R)(-) . The PCI spectra are mainly dominated by the protonated molecular ion (M + H)(+) . The branching of the alkyl substituents, the halogenation of the substituents and, for aromatic phosphate esters, ortho alkylation of the ring are all significant factors controlling the details of the fragmentation processes. EI provides the best sensitivity for the quantitative measurement of these compounds, but PCI and ECNI both have considerable qualitative selectivity.
Improving food provision in child care in England: a stakeholder analysis

Abstract Objective To review national policy governing nutrition in child-care settings and explore policy translation at a regional and local level in the South East of England. Design Semi-structured interviews with regional experts. Setting Child-care settings in Southampton, England, registered by OFSTED (Office for Standards in Education Children's Services and Skills). Subjects Thirteen subjects including child-care professionals in Southampton and policy advisors from the Government Office of the South East. Results Policy regarding early years food provision varies across the country. Although there appears to be consensus between local stakeholders on the importance of improving early years nutrition in Southampton, intentions have yet to be translated into cohesive action, with differences in food and nutrition practice in child-care settings across the city. There are also areas of incoherence, inequalities in access to training and development, and duplication in local and regional support mechanisms. Conclusions The importance of proper early nutrition to provide the building blocks for life-long health and well-being is grounded in a substantial evidence base. Outside the home, early years child-care settings are an ideal place for providing a strong foundation in nutritional health and dietary habits for young children. The long-term benefits of achieving optimum nutrition in the early years should be secured through the coherent efforts of national, regional and local policy makers, child-care practitioners and parents. Existing commitment and capacity to achieve this objective at a local and regional level must be supported and matched at a national level with the acceleration of policy development, including quality control and support mechanisms.
Comparison of three geographical isolates of Trichinella.

Isolates of Trichinella from Alaska. Canada, and Kenya were compared in laboratory hosts using three criteria: infectivity, interbreeding, and morphology. It was found that the Canadian (north temperate) isolate had the highest infectivity in the four species of hosts used. The Alaskan (arctic) isolate was less infective to white rats and A/J mice than the Kenyan (tropical) isolate, but the infectivity of the arctic isolate to cotton rats and guinea pigs was similar to that of the tropical isolate. Interbreeding experiments, using single pairs of infective larvae in all isolate combinations in A/J mice, have demonstrated a complete reproductive isolation between the arctic and the other two isolates, and it partial reproductive isolation between the north temperate and tropical isolates, such that the tropical females could not be fertilized by north temperate males nor by north temperate – tropical hydrid males. North temperate adults were found to be longer than those of the other isolates, and so were .
P‐cell Stimulating Factor: Characterization, Action on Multiple Lineages of Bone‐marrow‐derived Cells and Role in Oncogenesis

T-cell hybridomas have allowed us to define unequivocally a group of 3 distinct molecules, TCGF, T-cell GM-CSF, and PSF, as the products of the activated T-cell. It is becoming increasingly evident that these T-cell-derived molecules, together with a fourth, interferon-gamma, (Wong et al. 1982, 1983), affect a wide range of cell-types. The molecule which we have studied in greatest detail, PSF, probably effects every lineage of non-lymphoid bone-marrow-derived cells. We have evidence that PSF acts in vivo as an important mediator in a pleotropic defence and repair response to antigens that involves all the non-lymphoid elements of the blood. Finally, there is evidence that PSF-dependent cells can become immortal, and that activation and functional expression of the PSF gene can occur in such cells and result in autonomy and tumorigenesis. Clonal sources of T-cell lymphokines and clonal targets for lymphokine assays, formed the basis of recent progress in defining the number and nature of non-antigen-specific T cell products; cloning of the genes coding for these lymphokines should result in a similar impetus to the investigation of the physiology and possible therapeutic role of T-cell lymphokines, and lead to new insights into the control of gene expression and the role of these factors in oncogenesis.
Total Serum IgE Levels in Normals and Patients with Chronic Non–Specific Lung Diseases

Total serum IgE was measured, using a sensitive sandwich method, in a healthy control population, in healthy persons with a familial history of chronic non‐specific lung disease and in patients with chronic non‐specific lung disease (CNSLD). In the control population a median total serum IgE of 39 1.U. /ml was found. Total serum IgE levels were significantly lower in women that in men. Healthy persons with a familial history of CNSLD had significantly increased total IgE levels compared with the control population. The IgE level was even higher in the group of patients with CNSLD The presence of specific IgE antibodies and/or an early onset of the symptoms of CNSLD was accompanied by higher total serum IgE levels compared with the IgE values in the other CNSLD patients. But the total IgE levels were increased in all subgroups of CNSLD patients. A significant decrease of the IgE level with age was observed in CNSLD patients.