Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Test of Lorentz Invariance using sapphire optical resonators

Im Laufe dieser Arbeit wurde die Lorentz-Invarianz getestet, indem die Differenz der Resonanzfrequenzen von zwei kryogenen optischen Resonatoren aus Saphir als Funktion der raumlichen Orientierung gemessen wurde. In diesem Experiment werden zwei Nd:YAG-Laser Frequenz-stabilisiert auf die Resonanzfrequenzen zweier gekreuzten ultra-stabiler optischer Resonatoren. Dadurch, dass sie aus reinem Saphir bestehen, zeichnen sie sich durch einen sehr kleinen Warmeausdehnungskoeffizienten aus. Das reduziert ihre Anfalligkeit fur Temperatur-Schwankungen. Mit einem Puls-Rohr-Kuhler sind die Resonatoren auf 3,4 K abgekuhlt worden. Diese Technik ist ausgewahlt worden, um die Storungen zu vermeiden, die mit dem periodischen Wiederauffullen bei herkommlichen Flussighelium-Kryostaten einhergehen. Die vom Kryokuhler verursachten Vibrationen konnten durch Vibrationsisolierung, Faserkopplung der Laserstrahlen in die Resonatoren und Dekorrelation der Schwebungsfrequenz mit Hilfe der Fourier-Analyse bei der Kompressionsfrequenz in seinem Relevanz reduziert werden. Um die Statistik zu verbessern und einen experimentellen Wert fur einen zuvor ungemessenen Parameter einer dynamischen Testtheorie zu bestimmen, der fur die Lorentz-Invarianz charakteristisch ist, ist der gesamte Aufbau aktiv rotiert worden. Die systematischen Effekte auf Grund von Veranderungen der Neigung der Resonatoren sind gemessen und dekorreliert worden. Die systematischen Effekte auf Grund von Temperaturschwankungen oder Leistungsschwankungen der einfallenden Laserstrahlen auf die Resonatoren sind mit Hilfe aktiver Regelung verringert worden. Die Daten sind gemas der kinematischen Testtheorie von Robertson, Mansouri und Sexl analysiert worden und ergeben eine Verbesserung der vorherigen Ergebnisses um eine Grosenordnung. Wir erhalten eine obere Grenze von (beta - delta - 1/2) = (0,5 ± 3 ± 0,7) x1E-10, was einer Verletzung der Lorentz-Invarianz fur eine Isotropie des Raums von deltac/c = 6,4 x 1E-16 entspricht. Die Daten sind daruber hinaus auch gemas einer dynamischen Testtheorie, einer Erweiterung des Standard-Modells der Teilchenphysik, analysiert worden. Dieses Modell zeichnet sich aus durch eine Erweiterung der Maxwell-Gleichungen um Terme, welche die Lorentz-Invrianz verletzen. Ein Ergebnis dieses Experiments war die erstmalige Messung eines Parameters, der fur die Lorentzverletzung charakteristisch ist. Dieser Koeffizient kann nur mit einem aktiv rotierenden Aufbau gemessen werden. Fur diesen Parameter erhalten wie eine obere Grenze von 3 x 1E-14, ein Wert, der durch jungste Messungen anderer Gruppen bestatigt werden konnte.
Hereditary Degenerative Retinopathies: Optimism for Somatic Gene Therapy

Retinitis pigmentosa comprises a large and exceptionally heterogeneous group of hereditary disorders of the retina. As a result of an extensive investigation around the world, primary genetic lesions have been described in many genes. Some of these genes encode enzymes that are involved in the signal transduction pathway. On the basis of in vitro functional assays and standard transgenic and knock‐out experiments, it has been proposed that normal cell functions are disrupted because of an abnormal protein‐folding and metabolic errors or structural defects in the membrane. This ultimately leads to a gene‐mediated cell death known as apoptosis. Various gene transfer approaches using mouse models further suggest that the degeneration can be rescued to some extent. Although many questions remain to be answered, investigations during the last 10 years have enormously increased our understanding of this exceptionally heterogeneous disorder and give hope for an effective gene therapy and a possible cure.
Likelihood Estimation for Generative Adversarial Networks

We present a simple method for assessing the quality of generated images in Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). The method can be applied in any kind of GAN without interfering with the learning procedure or affecting the learning objective. The central idea is to define a likelihood function that correlates with the quality of the generated images. In particular, we derive a Gaussian likelihood function from the distribution of the embeddings (hidden activations) of the real images in the discriminator, and based on this, define two simple measures of how likely it is that the embeddings of generated images are from the distribution of the embeddings of the real images. This yields a simple measure of fitness for generated images, for all varieties of GANs. Empirical results on CIFAR-10 demonstrate a strong correlation between the proposed measures and the perceived quality of the generated images.
Letter: Treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis and herpes with levamisole.

SIR,-Your leading article on "Recurrent Oral Ulceration" (28 September, p. 757) points out the relevance of cell-mediated immunity in recurrent aphthous stomatitis. A year ago Verhaegen et al.1 reported improvement of recurrent aphthous stomatitis on treatment with levamisole, a drug that restores phagocytic function and cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity reactions when they are deficient.2-4 Recently Kint and Verlinden5 published similar data on the treatment of recurrent herpes infections. In a collaborative effort with 15 investigators we have further studied the therapeutic and prophylactic effects of levamisole in both conditions. All patients had had lesions at least once a month for more than one year. Levamisole (150 mg) was given as the sole treatment for three consecutive days every fortnight. During the first month of levamisole treatment 25 of 82 patients with aphthous ulcers became free of lesions, in 25 patients the lesions were less severe and the episode was shorter than usual, and in 32 patients the treatment was ineffective. During the second month of treatment the number of responders increased to about 70% and remained so during the six-month observation period (see table). When treatment was discontinued most responders did not relapse for several months, while eight patients who had not responded to treatment became symptom-free for the first time for an appreciable period. The results in herpes infections were also promising. All but one of 25 patients with recurrent herpes labialis or genitalis responded to therapy. Side effects, mainly gastric intolerance, were seen in approximately 10% of the patients. They could be overcome by dividing the daily dose into three parts. Preliminary data indicate that the response so levamisole was not a placebo effect; in four patients in whom a two-month doubleblind placebo period preceeded levamisole treatment the symptoms remained unchanged during that time. The tentative conclusion from this exploratory study is therefore that levamisole changes the natural course of recurrent aphthous stomatitis and herpes infections. It is reasonable to assume that levamisole influences a basic mechanism responsible for the recurrent character of these diseases. This is in contrast to the more symptomatic treatment with topical antibiotics and corticosteroids which suppress possible superinfection, autoimmunity, and inflammation. Further double-blind studies must now be designed and the dosage schedule further investigated to reach a valid conclusion on the therapeutic value of levamisole. In view of the effect of the drug on cell-mediated immunity,6 tumour immunology, 7 host defence mechanisms,8 9 and phagocytosis2 these studies might also shed some light on the immunopathology of recurrent aphthous ulceration. A detailed report is available on request. -We are, etc., J. SYMOENS J. BRUGMANS Janssen Pharmaceutica, Beerse, Belgium
CONTENT OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN WATER EXTRACTS OF PERIWINKLE ( CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS ( L . )

The experiment was carried out in the year 2013. The experimental plant material consisted of herb (leafy flowered stems) and leaves of periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don). The aim of the study was to compare the content of biologically active compounds (L-ascorbic acid, total polyphenols), dry matter, and antioxidant activity of fresh and dried plant material. Moreover, on the base of the dried plant material (herb and leaves of periwinkle), three kinds of water extracts were prepared: infusions, decoctions and macerates; with three times of extraction. In the obtained water extracts content of dry matter, L-ascorbic acid, total polyphenols and antioxidant activity were determined. On the base of the study results it was shown that fresh leaves of periwinkle had higher biological value in comparison with its herb. However, after drying process higher content of biologically active compounds was noted for the herb. 15 min/h decoction was found to be the most effective method of water extraction of dried perwinkle herb and leaves. Moreover, herb water extracts were characterized by higher content of polyphenols, while leaf water extracts – by higher content of dry matter, L-ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity.
A systematic review of the use of telehealth in speech, language and hearing sciences

Introduction We conducted a systematic literature review to investigate the domain of speech-language and hearing sciences (SLHS) in telehealth. Methods The databases used for the literature search were Web of Knowledge, Pubmed, Scopus, Embase and Scielo. The inclusion criteria consisted of papers published up to August 2014. Papers without peer-review evaluation, and those without abstracts or available full texts were excluded. Results A total of 103 papers were selected. The selected studies have focused primarily on hearing (32.1%), followed by speech (19.4%), language (16.5%), voice (8.7%), swallowing (5.8%), multiple areas (13.6%) and others (3.9%). The majority of the studies focused on assessment (36.9%) or intervention (36.9%). The use of telehealth in SLHS has been increasing in many countries, especially in the last 5 years. The country with the largest number of published studies was the United States of America (32.03%), followed by Australia (29.12%). The remaining studies were distributed in lower numbers among other countries. Discussion The advancement of information and communication technologies provides more favourable conditions for providing distance care in several areas. Most of studies concluded that the telehealth procedure had advantages over the non-telehealth alternative approach (85.5%); however, 13.6% reported that it was unclear whether the telehealth procedure had advantages. Some barriers still need to be overcome, such as technology, training, regulation, acceptance and recognition of the benefits of this practice by the public and professionals. The need for speech-language pathologists and audiologists to adapt to this new health care modality is evident.
I NTERVENTIONS AND M ENTAL S URGERY

The interventionist account of causation (Woodward 2003) analyzes causal claims in terms of correlations under interventions, manipulations of variables which satisfy certain explicitly causal conditions. Campbell (2007) has recently argued that one of these conditions – the so-called ‘surgical’ constraint on interventions – runs into trouble when we try and extend interventionism to model causation in psychology. The problem, he argues, is that the constraint implies that an intervention on an intention to A should remove that intention from the influence of its rational causes, such as a belief that doing A will make one happy. But it is implausible that our interest in psychological causation is an interest in what would happen in situations in which the rational autonomy of an agent is suspended in this way.
Prospective evaluation of clinical outcomes in all-comer high-risk patients with aortic valve stenosis undergoing medical treatment, transcatheter or surgical aortic valve implantation following heart team assessment.

OBJECTIVES Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been proposed as a treatment alternative for patients with aortic valve stenosis (AS) at high or prohibitive risk for surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR). We aimed to assess real-world outcomes after treatment according to the decisions of the multidisciplinary heart team. METHODS At a tertiary centre, all high-risk patients referred between 1 March 2008 and 31 October 2011 for symptomatic AS were screened and planned to undergo AVR, TAVI or medical treatment. We report clinical outcomes as defined by the Valve Academic Research Consortium. RESULTS Of 163 high-risk patients, those selected for AVR had lower logistic EuroSCORE and STS scores when compared with TAVI or medical treatment (median [interquartile range] 18 [12-26]; 26 [17-36]; 21 [14-32]% (P = 0.015) and 6.5 [5.1-10.7]; 7.6 [5.8-10.5]; 7.6 [6.1-15.7]% (P = 0.056)). All-cause mortalities at 1 year in 35, 73 and 55 patients effectively undergoing AVR, TAVI and medical treatment were 20, 21 and 38%, respectively (P = 0.051). Cardiovascular death and major stroke occurred in 9, 8 and 33% (P < 0.001) and 6, 4 and 2% (P = 0.62), respectively. For patients undergoing valve implantation, device success was 91 and 92% for AVR and TAVI, respectively. The combined safety endpoint at 30 days was in favour of TAVI (29%) vs AVR (63%) (P = 0.001). In contrast, the combined efficacy endpoint at 1 year tended to be more favourable for AVR (10 vs 24% for TAVI, P = 0.12). CONCLUSIONS Patients who are less suitable for AVR can be treated safely and effectively with TAVI with similar outcomes when compared with patients with a lower-risk profile undergoing AVR. Patients with TAVI or AVR have better survival than those undergoing medical treatment only.
Primary total knee arthroplasty for intercondylar fracture of the femur in a rheumatoid arthritic patient. A case report.

Complications following intercondylar fracture of the femur, including loss of motion, are frequent and often disabling. In a knee joint already involved with advanced rheumatoid destructive changes, an intra-articular fracture of the distal femur can be expected to result in severe functional deficit. Although infrequently indicated, salvage of such a joint by primary total knee arthroplasty using a custom long-stem femoral component can result in a very acceptable result.
Properties of Cortical Generators of Event-Related Potentials

Basic properties of cortical ERP generators, as disclosed by recording within the neocortex of mammalian animals and applying the current source-density analysis, are described. It is argued that all cortical generators are most likely caused by excitatory synaptic mass activities. The spatio-temporal pattern of the generators indicates the procedure of information processing, rather than the specific information being processed. It thus represents the physiological analogue of the uniform anatomical structure of the neocortex. Discordant with conclusions from single-cell studies concerning topography, all generators are tangentially widespread. The variations in the basic cortical activation pattern draw attention to the nonspecific central systems as their presumed main causes.
Current applications and future prospects of fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of locoregional lymph nodes in the management of breast cancer

Staging of disease is routine in the evaluation of patients newly diagnosed with breast cancer. Assessment of palpable and/or nonpalpable locoregional lymph nodes is an important component of the initial staging. Ultrasound (US) is the favored imaging modality for the initial investigation of lymph nodes and results in a significant increase in the specificity of the overall evaluation when used in conjunction with fine‐needle aspiration (FNA). This review provides a concise summary, based on published literature, of the current applications and future prospects of FNA biopsy of locoregional lymph nodes in the initial staging and subsequent surgical management of patients with breast cancer. Patients undergo either sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy or complete axillary lymph node dissection, based on whether the axillary lymph node status is determined to be negative or positive in the initial staging process. The status of lymph nodes in the supraclavicular, infraclavicular, and internal mammary regions provides more accurate staging information and also impacts subsequent surgical management. The identification and evaluation of intramammary lymph nodes can add value in the overall assessment of patients with breast cancer. The feasibility of noninvasive imaging modalities for SLN mapping in animal models has indicated a good potential for FNA biopsy in the subsequent investigation of SLNs identified noninvasively in humans. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Estimations non paramétriques par noyaux associés multivariés et applications

Dans ce travail, l'approche non-parametrique par noyaux associes mixtes multivaries est presentee pour les fonctions de densites, de masse de probabilite et de regressions a supports partiellement ou totalement discrets et continus. Pour cela, quelques aspects essentiels des notions d'estimation par noyaux continus (dits classiques) multivaries et par noyaux associes univaries (discrets et continus) sont d'abord rappeles. Les problemes de supports sont alors revises ainsi qu'une resolution des effets de bords dans les cas des noyaux associes univaries. Le noyau associe multivarie est ensuite defini et une methode de leur construction dite mode-dispersion multivarie est proposee. Il s'ensuit une illustration dans le cas continu utilisant le noyau beta bivarie avec ou sans structure de correlation de type Sarmanov. Les proprietes des estimateurs telles que les biais, les variances et les erreurs quadratiques moyennes sont egalement etudiees. Un algorithme de reduction du biais est alors propose et illustre sur ce meme noyau avec structure de correlation. Des etudes par simulations et applications avec le noyau beta bivarie avec structure de correlation sont aussi presentees. Trois formes de matrices des fenetres, a savoir, pleine, Scott et diagonale, y sont utilisees puis leurs performances relatives sont discutees. De plus, des noyaux associes multiples ont ete efficaces dans le cadre de l'analyse discriminante. Pour cela, on a utilise les noyaux univaries binomial, categoriel, triangulaire discret, gamma et beta. Par la suite, les noyaux associes avec ou sans structure de correlation ont ete etudies dans le cadre de la regression multiple. En plus des noyaux univaries ci-dessus, les noyaux bivaries avec ou sans structure de correlation ont ete aussi pris en compte. Les etudes par simulations montrent l'importance et les bonnes performances du choix des noyaux associes multivaries a matrice de lissage pleine ou diagonale. Puis, les noyaux associes continus et discrets sont combines pour definir les noyaux associes mixtes univaries. Les travaux ont aussi donne lieu a la creation d'un package R pour l'estimation de fonctions univaries de densites, de masse de probabilite et de regression. Plusieurs methodes de selections de fenetres optimales y sont implementees avec une interface facile d'utilisation. Tout au long de ce travail, la selection des matrices de lissage se fait generalement par validation croisee et parfois par les methodes bayesiennes. Enfin, des complements sur les constantes de normalisations des estimateurs a noyaux associes des fonctions de densite et de masse de probabilite sont presentes.
Gender differences in sleep, fatigue, and daytime activity in a pediatric oncology sample receiving dexamethasone.

OBJECTIVE To examine gender differences in sleep, fatigue, and daytime activity in a sample of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). METHODS Participants included 88 children in maintenance treatment for ALL (34 girls; 54 boys). Participants wore an actigraph for 10 consecutive days (5 days pre-dexamethasone and 5 days during dexamethasone administration). Fatigue instruments were also administered. RESULTS Girls napped more and had less fragmented night sleep than boys did. Wake time after sleep onset was sensitive to dexamethasone administration, revealing a differential direction of response for girls and boys. No gender differences were observed for subjective fatigue or daytime activity in the total sample. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary findings support gender differences in the sleep of children with cancer after controlling for differences in age, treatment, and risk group. Future research that focuses on the etiology of gender differences and developing interventions will help clarify the clinical application of our findings.
La méta-analyse sur données résumées

L’information scientifique et medicale est, de nos jours, abondante et facilement accessible, en raison des progres des systemes d’information et de l’evolution du nombre de travaux de recherche. Cette multiplicite impose un travail de synthese si l’on souhaite aboutir a une reponse precise a une question posee.La meta-analyse est une methode permettant de realiser un tel travail en combinant les resultats de plusieurs etudes pour faire une synthese objective selon un protocole precis et ainsi reproductible. Elle permet aussi de quantifier le resultat global pour l’ensemble des etudes considerees et ainsi obtenir une reponse plus precise et une generalisation plus acceptable. Les meta-analyses sur donnees resumees, presentees ici, par opposition a celles sur donnees individuelles sont plus frequemment utilisees car elles permettent plus facilement de tendre vers l’exhaustivite, condition essentielle pour une synthese non biaisee.Le travail de synthese doit etre protocolise afin d’assurer sa reproductibilite. Il se deroule en 4 etapes : la recherche des etudes, la selection, l’extraction des donnees et l’analyse. Sa faisabilite est essentiellement limitee a l’existence en nombre suffisant d’etudes pouvant etre incluses. Cette methode largement utilisee en recherche medicale depuis les annees 1970, tant a l’etre aussi en recherche en soins. Elle est devenue incontournable pour l’elaboration de recommandations. Le champ d’application est seulement limite a celui des etudes deja existantes. L’evaluation des effets de medicaments ou autres therapeutiques mais aussi l’epidemiologie, le depistage, le diagnostique ou la recherche en soin sont autant de domaines ou la meta-analyse peut etre appliquee.
O Impacto das Normas Internacionais de Contabilidade no Economic Value Added das empresas brasileiras do Setor de Telecomunicações listadas na BM&FBovespa

O processo de convergencia para as IFRS propiciaram volatilidade aos resultados devido ao uso de valor justo, mudancas relevantes nos conceitos contabeis e provocaram um aumento do nivel de divulgacao requerida. Neste sentido, este trabalho objetiva mensurar os impactos da convergencia as normas internacionais de contabilidade no valor agregado das empresas de telecomunicacoes. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, explicativo, quali-quantitativo e documental, tendo como fonte de coleta dos dados as demonstracoes financeiras disponibilizadas no Economatica®, Notas Explicativas, Comite de Pronunciamentos Contabeis e site do Instituto Assaf Neto. Para isso, analisam-se os relatorios referentes aos anos de 2006 a 2011 divulgados pelas cinco empresas do setor de telecomunicacoes da BM&FBovespa, que compuseram a amostra. Posteriormente, realizaram-se os calculos dos EVA® e das variacoes percentuais entre os periodos analisados. Os resultados indicam que a media do EVA® no periodo em analise, que compreende a adocao inicial e total das IFRS, foram superiores aos apurados pelo BRGAAP, quando comparado com a media de 2006, e que os resultados de 2008 sofreram os impactos da crise financeira internacional, confirmando as hipoteses de Santos e Calixto (2010) e Gray (1988). Conclui-se que nao e possivel afirmar que a introducao das IFRS proporcionou diretamente um novo calculo de EVA®, porem, observa-se uma clara tendencia de melhora do mesmo, sendo possivel relaciona-lo com o valor dos investimentos e NOPAT (Lucro Operacional Liquido Apos os Impostos).