Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) is a G protein–linked, 7–transmembrane domain (7-TMD) receptor that undergoes complex posttranslational processing unique to this glycoprotein receptor family. Due to its complex structure, TSHR appears to have unstable molecu- lar integrity and a prop

The thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) is a G protein–linked, 7–transmembrane domain (7-TMD) receptor that undergoes complex posttranslational processing unique to this glycoprotein receptor family. Due to its complex structure, TSHR appears to have unstable molecular integrity and a propensity toward overor underactivity on the basis of point genetic mutations or antibody-induced structural changes. Hence, both germline and somatic mutations, commonly located in the transmembrane regions, may induce constitutive activation of the receptor, resulting in congenital hyperthyroidism or the development of actively secreting thyroid nodules. Similarly, mutations leading to structural alterations may induce constitutive inactivation and congenital hypothyroidism. The TSHR is also a primary antigen in autoimmune thyroid disease, and some TSHR antibodies may activate the receptor, while others inhibit its activation or have no influence on signal transduction at all, depending on how they influence the integrity of the structure. Clinical assays for such antibodies have improved significantly and are a useful addition to the investigative armamentarium. Furthermore, the relative instability of the receptor can result in shedding of the TSHR ectodomain, providing a source of antigen and activating the autoimmune response. However, it may also provide decoys for TSHR antibodies, thus influencing their biological action and clinical effects. This review discusses the role of the TSHR in the physiological and pathological stimulation of the thyroid.
The benefits of risk factor prevention in Americans aged 51 years and older.

OBJECTIVES We assessed the potential health and economic benefits of reducing common risk factors in older Americans. METHODS A dynamic simulation model tracked a national cohort of persons 51 and 52 years of age to project their health and medical spending in prevention scenarios for diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and smoking. RESULTS The gain in life span from successful treatment of a person aged 51 or 52 years for obesity would be 0.85 years; for hypertension, 2.05 years; and for diabetes, 3.17 years. A 51- or 52-year-old person who quit smoking would gain 3.44 years. Despite living longer, those successfully treated for obesity, hypertension, or diabetes would have lower lifetime medical spending, exclusive of prevention costs. Smoking cessation would lead to increased lifetime spending. We used traditional valuations for a life-year to calculate that successful treatments would be worth, per capita, $198,018 (diabetes), $137,964 (hypertension), $118,946 (smoking), and $51,750 (obesity). CONCLUSIONS Effective prevention could substantially improve the health of older Americans, and--despite increases in longevity--such benefits could be achieved with little or no additional lifetime medical spending.
Predicting Clustered Dental Implant Survival Using Frailty Methods

The purpose of this study was to predict future implant survival using information on risk factors and on the survival status of an individual’s existing implant(s). We considered a retrospective cohort study with 677 individuals having 2349 implants placed. We proposed to predict the survival probabilities using the Cox proportional hazards frailty model, with three important risk factors: smoking status, timing of placement, and implant staging. For a non-smoking individual with 2 implants placed, an immediate implant and in one stage, the marginal probability that 1 implant would survive 12 months was 85.8% (95%CI: 77%, 91.7%), and the predicted joint probability of surviving for 12 months was 75.1% (95%CI: 62.1%, 84.7%). If 1 implant was placed earlier and had survived for 12 months, then the second implant had an 87.5% (95%CI: 80.3%, 92.4%) chance of surviving 12 months. Such conditional and joint predictions can assist in clinical decision-making for individuals.
Rising Syphilis Infection among Rural HIV-Infected Men who Routinely Received Risk-Reduction Counseling: New Challenges to HIV Prevention in Clinical Care.

OBJECTIVE Syphilis incidence has been steadily increasing among HIV-infected men in the United States, representing an important public health challenge to HIV prevention. Clinic-based HIV prevention interventions are available but may need to be revisited in response to syphilis epidemic. We wanted to better understand the current epidemiology of syphilis in rural HIV-infected men who routinely received HIV risk-reduction counseling in order to plan more effective HIV prevention strategies in clinical care. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study to examine factors associated with syphilis infections in rural HIV-infected men who received sexually transmitted disease screening and HIV risk-reduction counseling during HIV primary care from January 2008 to June 2013. We assessed patients' demographic, clinical, behavioral and psychosocial characteristics and performed a multivariable exact logistic regression to identify factors related to syphilis. RESULTS Despite routine risk screening and HIV risk-reduction counseling, a total of 51 syphilis infections were diagnosed among 702 HIV-infected men (5 patients were diagnosed ≥ 2 episodes). The majority of the study participants was sexually active and reported at least one unsafe sexual behavior, mainly inconsistent condom use. Younger age (<35 years, adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=3.09), higher educational attainment (some college or above, aOR=3.72), and perception that the partner may have sex with other people (aOR=3.10) were significantly associated with syphilis infection. Non-injection drug use was related to syphilis in HIV-infected men who have sex with men (aOR=2.86). DISCUSSION Some HIV-infected men, especially young, educated men, or those who perceived that their partners may have sex with other people, continue to have high-risk behaviors that increase their own risks of acquiring syphilis and may also facilitate HIV transmission. New strategies need to be developed for HIV primary care providers to help HIV-infected patients maintain safer sex practices.
Low protein diets for chronic kidney disease in non diabetic adults.

BACKGROUND For more than fifty years, low protein diets have been proposed to patients with kidney failure. However, the effects of these diets in preventing severe renal failure and the need for maintenance dialysis have not been resolved. OBJECTIVES To determine the efficacy of low protein diets in delaying the need to start maintenance dialysis. SEARCH STRATEGY Cochrane Renal Group trials register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, and EMBASE. Congress abstracts (American Society of Nephrology since 1990, European Dialysis Transplant Association since 1985, International Society of Nephrology since 1987). Direct contacts with investigators. Date of most recent search: December 2004. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised trials comparing two different levels of protein intake in adult patients suffering from moderate to severe renal failure, followed for at least one year. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers independently selected studies and extracted data. Statistical analyses were performed using the random effects model and the results expressed as relative risk (RR) for dichotomous outcomes with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Collection of the number of "renal deaths" defined as the need for starting dialysis, the death of a patient or a kidney transplant during the trial. MAIN RESULTS Eight trials were identified from over 40 studies. A total of 1524 patients were analysed, 763 had received reduced protein intake and 761 a higher protein intake. Two hundred and fifty one renal deaths were recorded, 103 in the low protein diet and 148 in the higher protein diet group (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.86, P = 0.0007). To avoid one renal death, 2 to 56 patients need to be treated with a low protein diet during one year. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Reducing protein intake in patients with chronic kidney disease reduces the occurrence of renal death by 31% as compared with higher or unrestricted protein intake. The optimal level of protein intake cannot be confirmed from these studies.
2D Map Building and Path Planning Based on LiDAR

This paper presents a method of map building and path planning in an unknown environment. The method employs Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) to construct the 2D grid map, on which Anytime D* (AD*) and Dynamic Window Approach (DWA) are used for path planning. The global path is generated by AD* algorithm while DWA is responsible for dynamic obstacle avoidance. Simulation and experiments verify the rapidity and robustness of the method.
Attitudes Towards People with a Mental Disorder: A Survey of the Australian Public and Health Professionals

Objective: The aim of this paper was to compare the Australian public's attitudes towards people who have been treated for a mental disorder with the attitudes of general practitioners, psychiatrists and clinical psychologists. Method: The study involved a household survey of 2031 members of the Australian public and a postal survey of 872 general practitioners, 1128 psychiatrists and 454 clinical psychologists. Survey participants were presented with a vignette describing a person with schizophrenia or one with depression. They were asked opinions about the person's long-term outcome in various areas of life after receiving treatment. Participants were also asked whether they thought the person described would be discriminated against by others. Results: Both the public and professionals rated outcomes as poorer and discrimination as more likely for the person with schizophrenia than for the one with depression. The professionals made more negative ratings than the public, although the clinical psychologists had similar attitudes to the public about depression. Conclusions: Compared to the public, health professionals rate long-term outcomes more negatively and discrimination as more likely. It is possible that these more negative attitudes are realistic, being based on greater knowledge of mental disorders. However, professional attitudes may be biased by greater contact with patients who have chronic or recurrent disorders. Either way, health professionals need to be aware of the effects that their negative attitudes might have on patients and the public.
A two-layer model predictive control system with adaptation to variables status values

This paper proposes a formulation of a linear Model Predictive Control system based on two layers. The formulation takes into account a status value associated with each variable. At the lower layer, a basic Model Predictive Control module minimizes a constrained quadratic cost function for the computation of the future control moves. At the upper layer, an additional module, based on a Linear Programming problem, searches for optimal steady state targets. To obtain resilience of the control system in particular conditions, at each control instant, the introduction of a parameter, the status value, associated to each process variable, is proposed. At this purpose, a suitable additional module has been introduced in the considered architecture that contributes to the definition of the status of each manipulated or controlled variable. Ad hoc modifications in the mathematical formulations of the optimization problems of the two layers are proposed to include the information provided by the status values. This strategy has been introduced in a control system that optimizes a pusher type reheating furnace of an Italian steel plant. Simulation results show the validity of the proposed approach. Field results prove the reliability of the designed control scheme, in terms of economic optimization, environmental impact reduction and productivity/product quality maximization.
Influence of supplemental light on sow performance during and after lactation.

A completely randomized block experiment with two treatments was designed to investigate the effect of supplemental light on sow performance during and after lactation. Crossbred multi- and primiparous sows were exposed to either limited (control, n = 164) or 16 h (n = 163) timer-controlled supplemental light beginning 3 to 9 d before expected farrowing. Overhead illumination (32 to 266 lux) was furnished by seven fixtures (two tubes each) of cool white fluorescent light at twice-daily feedings in control rooms (less than 1 h/d) and for 16 h/d in supplementally lighted rooms (16 h). Litter size was equalized within 48 h postpartum (10 +/- .1 pigs/litter; X +/- SE) in each of five identical rooms that served alternately as control or 16-h treatments during 10 consecutive weekly farrowings (September 24 to November 26, 1981). Litters were heavier (P less than .05) at weaning (26 +/- .1 d) for 16-h than for control sows (57.8 +/- 1 vs 54.3 +/- 1 kg) while pigs weaned (9.2 +/- .1 vs 9.1 +/- .1), piglet survival (90 vs 91%) and days to mating (5.9 +/- .4 vs 5.5 +/- .3) were similar (P greater than .05). However, more (P less than .01) 16-h than control sows (83 vs 68%) were mated by 5 d postweaning. Multiparous sows weaned heavier (P less than .05) litters than primiparous sows (57.9 +/- 1 vs 50.1 +/- 1 kg) while overall litter weight increased (P less than .05) 141 +/- 6 g for each 10 lux increase in light intensity. We concluded that litter weight is increased and return to postweaning estrus more synchronous when sows are exposed to 16 h supplemental ligh/d during a 4-wk lactation.
Complete Genome Sequences of Plasmid-Bearing Multidrug-Resistant Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Strains with Type VI Secretion Systems, Isolated from Retail Turkey and Pork

ABSTRACT We report the complete genome sequences of multidrug-resistant Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from retail turkey and pork, respectively. The chromosomes of these two isolates contained type VI secretion system genes. The two isolates also harbored large plasmids with antimicrobial resistance genes possibly contributing to their multidrug resistance.
Factors Associated with Adolescent Initiation of Injection Drug Use

Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent to which demographic, sexual, and non-injection drug use practices predict adolescent initiation of injection drug use. Methods. Street recruited injection drug users 15–30 years of age in Baltimore, Maryland, who initiated injection within five years of study enrollment, completed a questionnaire that included a year-by-year history regarding the five years prior to initiation of injection. Factors associated with initiation during adolescence (≤21 years of age) versus young adult-hood (>21) were determined using logistic regression. Results. Of 226 participants, most were female (61%) and African American (64%). Median age of participants was 25; median age at initiation of injection was 23. Factors significantly associated with adolescent initiation in multivariate analysis included race other than African American, and practices prior to initiating injection including condom use, lack of cocaine use, exclusive crack smoking just prior to initiation, and smoking marijuana. Adolescent initiates also had shorter durations of illicit drug use prior to initiating injection. Conclusion. Short-term non-injection drug use, particularly exclusive crack smoking, was associated with adolescent initiation of injection drug use. Early prevention efforts targeting this high-risk group of younger drug users are warranted in order to delay or prevent onset of injection drug use.
Research on Rural Poverty Measurement in China——Based the Data of Shanxi Province

With Atkinson(1987)'s one-dimensional poverty measurement method,as well as Alkire and Foster(2008)'s multidimensional poverty measurement method,the poverty level of rural households in Shanxi province was investigated in this paper.The monitoring data was from the national poverty reduction project in 2009,including 35 key counties in Shanxi province.The empirical results indicated that,from one-dimensional perspective.The poverty in rural areas was mainly reflected from the drinking water shortage,low income and low consumption,however,when it comes from the multi-dimensional perspective,the poverty problem was more severe and intensive.It has been proved that drinking water shortage problem is serious in the east of of Taihang Mountain,and in the north of the cold areas compared to the other two regions.And the education problem is more critical in northern cold areas.Housing problem should be paid more attentain in northwest cold areas and Lvliang Mountain areas.Therefore,the poverty problem should be solved from the multi-dimensional perspective in the future development in Shanxi province,and various policies and strategies concerning with the poverty reduction should be applied in different areas.
Searching Time Series with Invariance to Large Amounts of Uniform Scaling

Similarity search is arguably the most important primitive in time series data mining. Recent research has made significant progress on fast algorithms for time series similarity search under Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) and Uniform Scaling (US) distance measures. However, the current state-ofthe-art algorithms cannot support greater amounts of rescaling in many practical applications. In this paper, we introduce a novel lower bound, LBnew, to allow efficient search even in domains that exhibit more than a factor-of-two variability in scale. The effectiveness of our idea is validated on various large-scale real datasets from commercial important domains.
Dynamic semiparametric Bayesian models for genetic mapping of complex trait with irregular longitudinal data

Many phenomena of fundamental importance to biology and biomedicine arise as a dynamic curve, such as organ growth and HIV dynamics. The genetic mapping of these traits is challenged by longitudinal variables measured at irregular and possibly subject‐specific time points, in which case nonnegative definiteness of the estimated covariance matrix needs to be guaranteed. We present a semiparametric approach for genetic mapping within the mixture‐model setting by jointly modeling mean and covariance structures for irregular longitudinal data. Penalized spline is used to model the mean functions of individual quantitative trait locus (QTL) genotypes as latent variables, whereas an extended generalized linear model is used to approximate the covariance matrix. The parameters for modeling the mean–covariances are estimated by MCMC, using the Gibbs sampler and the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm. We derive the full conditional distributions for the mean and covariance parameters and compute Bayes factors to test the hypothesis about the existence of significant QTLs. We used the model to screen the existence of specific QTLs for age‐specific change of body mass index with a sparse longitudinal data set. The new model provides powerful means for broadening the application of genetic mapping to reveal the genetic control of dynamic traits. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Internalization Perspective Idea of Ecological Industry Policy Research Framework

Externalities are one of causations of the ecological environment deterioration, and it makes the market resources allocation mechanism failure, it also brings difficulties to the government regulating and controlling economy. First, we revealed realization problem of the public policy analysis method based on the internalization. Thus, we expatriated ecological industrial reasonability based on internalization perspective. Finally, we proposed ecological industry policy framework and quantitative calculation idea based on the internalization calculation
Magnetic resonance imaging findings in central nervous system cryptococcosis: comparison between immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients

Objective To assess the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) patterns associated with central nervous system infection with Cryptococcus sp. in relation to patient immune status. Materials and Methods This was a retrospective study of MRI data for 19 patients with neurocryptococcosis who underwent the examination between January 2000 and March 2014. The MRI characteristics examined included lesion topography, aspects of diffusion, T1-weighted images, T2-weighted images, and contrast enhancement patterns. Results In all cases, cryptococcal infection was confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Of the 19 patients, 10 were immunocompromised and 9 were immunocompetent. Abnormal imaging patterns occurred alone or in conjunction with other manifestations. The imaging patterns found in immunocompromised patients included the following: leptomeningeal enhancement, in 6; pachymeningeal enhancement, in 3 (due to intracranial hypotension in 2); perivascular space involvement, in 4; granulomas, in 2; hydrocephalus, in 2; miliary nodules, in 1; and plexitis, in 1. In immunocompetent patients, the following imaging patterns were observed: leptomeningeal enhancement, in 5; perivascular space involvement, in 3; granulomas, in 3; cryptococcoma, in 1; ventriculitis, in 1; and hydrocephalus, in 1. In 2 immunocompetent patients, diffusion-weighted imaging showed diffusion restriction in cerebral cryptococcal granuloma. Conclusion In both groups, the most common imaging finding was leptomeningeal enhancement, followed by dilatation of perivascular spaces with the presence of mucoid material. Rare presentations, such as miliary nodules, plexitis, ventriculitis, and pachymeningeal enhancement, were also observed. None of the imaging patterns common to immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients differed significantly in frequency between them.
The Winnecott "Set Situation"

D. W. Winnecott devised a short, simple test which he used to evaluate normal infants. In this study, we compared 9-month-old infants' behaviors elicited during the Winnecott Test (WSS), both with historical data and with their behavior during a structured separation from their mothers. We found significant correlations between the WSS, the structured separation, and historical data. This simple test can provide the practitioner with invaluable information regarding the infant, his temperamental style, and his relationship with others.
Neurological rehabilitation

Increasingly, neurologists are participating in the rehabilitation of disorders of the nervous system. Compelling reasons why neurologists, especially those with academic interests, should become involved in rehabilitation include the opportunity to observe patients in the recovery phases of their illnesses and to study issues relating to functional recovery, exposure to patients (such as those with spinal cord injury) who are often not seen by neurologists in the acute phase, and the opportunity to help establish a scientific base for rehabilitation medicine. Many areas of investigation can contribute to the scientific basis of neurological rehabilitation. Among the most promising are regeneration in the central (CNS) and peripheral nervous systems, adaptive mechanisms following CNS injury, computational neuroscience, neuromuscular physiology of chronic denervating conditions (e.g., the post‐polio syndrome), and outcome studies of both physical and pharmacological therapeutic modalities. While there may be financial advantages to involvement in neurological rehabilitation, these are probably overestimated and interest in this field would continue to grow without them. There is a need for enhanced training in this subspecialty, including the development of dual certification programs in neurology and rehabilitation medicine.