Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
the humanities : Assessing the fit through an examination of the literature on humanists and e-resources

Purpose – As patron-driven acquisition (PDA) becomes increasingly popular we must consider its impact on academic libraries and their communities of researchers. Of particular interest is how successfully e-book PDA programs serve humanities scholars, as traditional representations of their information-seeking behaviours suggest that e-books are largely unsuitable for their needs. More recent investigations into the research practices of humanists suggest that this perception is not completely accurate, making it important to assess the potential fit between PDA and the humanities based on available information. This paper seeks to address these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Based on published investigations into the information-seeking behaviours of humanities scholars, e-books in libraries, and e-book PDA programs the author determined ways in which e-book PDA programs intersect with the needs and practices of humanists, as well as the points of disconnect between them. Findings – Humanities scholars demonstrate many information-seeking behaviours that suggest they can be well-served by e-book PDA programs. Their growing acceptance of electronic resources, significant reliance on the monographic form, heavy use of library catalogues, and the increasingly interdisciplinary nature of their work mean that e-books and PDA programs can be viewed as compatible with their needs even though print remains their preferred format. Originality/value – While some note the number and monetary value of humanities titles purchased through PDA, no authors have assessed the nature of PDA programs in relation to the information-seeking behaviours of humanities scholars. Such analysis is necessary to get an accurate picture of how well the humanities will be served by PDA.
FDI in the Algerian telecommunication sector: an analysis of motivations, constraints and effects

The Algerian government pursues liberalisation and economic reforms to boost growth and diversify the economy from dependence on oil. It solicits foreign investment in infrastructure in sectors including telecommunications, roads, power and water supply. Still, the oil sector remains the main driver of GDP growth, leaving the Algerian economy exposed to fluctuations in the world oil market. This research assesses the attempt to develop one of these sectors, telecommunications, by encouraging foreign direct investment. This is a technologically advanced sector with the potential to increase productivity across the economy On the basis of an extensive literature review, I develop a model to assess the effects of FDI on the telecom sector. This model starts with the classical position that government policy is a key determinant of the extent and nature of FDI inflows, principally through incentives, specific regulations, specific benefits and subsidies, or general policies such as liberalisation, but also through second-round effects on the competitive structure of the market. The model differs from classical accounts of FDI in the attention it gives to rents and rent capture, which I argue strongly mediate the effects of FDI, particularly in developing economies where markets tend to be inefficient, and in sectors such as telecommunications arising from the natural monopolies present. I apply this model to data collected from official sources and from multiple case studies from the Algerian telecommunications sector, involving 90 field interviews. The results suggest that the country has strongly benefited from the increase of FDI in the telecommunications sector, where this has been accompanied by new technology, finance, know-how and resources. Key reasons for this are government intervention on the market through liberalisation, specific regulation and specific benefits increasing the competitive rivalry and the rent capture via lobbying. The spillovers from FDI are also influenced by the mode of entry and management style, which is associated with country risk analysis. These benefits may be available for other sectors where the same conditions can be put in place.
Earnings Management at the Segment Level

We provide new empirical evidence on segment-level earnings management for a large sample of multi-segment firms by examining whether and how managers exploit their discretion in cost allocation to avoid reporting losses. We document that prior to SFAS 131 there is a significant discontinuity at zero (a "kink") in the frequency distribution of segment profits. After the implementation of SFAS 131, however, we do not observe a kink. Further, we find that the extent of cost under-allocation is significantly greater for the "small profit segments" than for the "small loss segments" only in the pre-SFAS 131 period; it is insignificantly different across the two groups in the post-SFAS 131 period. Taken together, our results are consistent with the pre-SFAS 131 kink being driven by opportunistic cost allocation, and the new segment reporting standard deterring earnings management in the form of cost under-allocation.
The vascular arrangement beneath the sulcular and junctional epithelium in different degrees of cellular infiltration of dog gingiva.

The capillary arrangement under the crevicular and attachment epithelium was observed in relation to the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration in clinically healthy marginal periodontium in dogs. Both factors were investigated in adjacent tissue segments. The vascular bed was studied on corrosive specimens and the infiltration On histologic specimens stained by haematoxylin and eosin. There was to some extent a relation between the pattern of crevicular vessels and the degree of inflammatory cell infiltrate. Variability of the vascular bed was found, which was not related to the degree of infiltration. The anatomy of the vascular bed did not depend on the particular tooth, surface, arch or animal studied.
A multimedia oral health promoting project in primary schools in central Italy.

AIM The purpose of the study Project was to test the effectiveness of a multimedia game designed in order to attract the attention of primary school children to oral health basic concepts and use the instrument to assess students' knowledge. MATERIALS AND METHODS An originally designed multimedia game on oral health was administered in the computer class rooms, before (T0) and after (T1) an educational stage, to third (8-9 years) and fifth graders (10-11 years) of primary schools in urban and rural areas of two provinces of medium-small cities in Center Italy (Terni and Latina). Considered variables were: age, gender, school time schedule (only antemeridian, extended schedule). The statistical test used was the non-parametric Wilcox on signed-rank test. RESULTS Response rate was 90.6% (due to absence on the due date). 1,300 students were involved. Overall, the average of the correct answers was 40.7% before oral health lessons and 59.2% after. An improving trend of correct answers was recorded from T0 to T1, significantly (p < 0.05) among: fifth graders (+ 17.5%), extended school time schedulers (+18.1%) and females (+18.9%). The results, however, show poor global oral health knowledge, being total percentage of correct answers below 60%. CONCLUSIONS The results stress the importance of the school environment as access to health promotion for all socio-economic classes. The multimedia educational approach has proved a valuable and updated tool to attract the attention of digital native children.
Microarray Analyses Support a Role for Nurr1 in Resistance to Oxidative Stress and Neuronal Differentiation in Neural Stem Cells

Nurr1 is an orphan nuclear receptor required for the development of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. To better understand the molecular consequences of Nurr1 expression, we compared the transcriptomes of two independent control and Nurr1‐expressing NSC lines using Affymetrix cDNA microarrays. These data reveal the regulation of genes involved in promoting cell survival (trophic/growth factors and stress response genes) and in preventing cell death (decreased caspase‐3 and caspase‐11 expression). We found that conditioned medium from Nurr1‐expressing NSC lines enhanced the survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in primary cultures and that Nurr1‐expressing NSC lines themselves were more resistant to oxidative stress. These findings are accompanied by a dynamic pattern of gene regulation that is consistent with a role for Nurr1 in promoting both the acquisition of brain‐region‐specific identity (Engrailed‐1) and neuronal differentiation (tubulin β III). Interestingly, our gene expression profiles suggested that tenascin‐C was regulated by Nurr1 in developing dopaminergic neurons. This was further confirmed in vitro and in Nurr1 knockout mice where low levels of tenascin‐C mRNA were observed. Analysis of tenascin‐C‐null mice revealed an increase in the number of Nurr1+ cells that become tyrosine hydroxylase‐positive (TH+) dopaminergic neurons at embryonic day 11.5, suggesting that tenascin‐C normally delays the acquisition of TH by Nurr1+ precursors. Thus, our results confirm the presence of both secreted and cell‐intrinsic survival signals modulated by Nurr1 and suggest that Nurr1 is a key regulator of both survival and dopaminergic differentiation.
Single/Multiple Integral Inequalities With Applications to Stability Analysis of Time-Delay Systems

This technical note is concerned with the problem of stability analysis for time-delay systems. A new series of integral inequalities to bound a single integral term is presented by introducing some free matrices, which produces tighter bounds than some existing ones. Similarly, based on orthogonal polynomials defined in integral inner spaces, new series of multiple integral inequalities are presented as well, which include the existing double ones. To show the effectiveness of the proposed inequalities, their applications to stability analysis of systems with discrete and distributed delays are provided with numerical examples.
Nonprofit Sector Needs Assessment Survey: A Report of Findings for the Richmond Metro Area

This nonprofit needs assessment was initiated by a student from the Wilder School and was further developed in collaboration with Nonprofit Learning Point www.nonprofitlearningpoint. com and Division of Community Engagement www.community. vcu.edu. The purpose of this study was to broadly understand these issues from a nonprofit perspective as well as inform how universities can better meet current needs while proactively anticipating future needs of the nonprofit sector within the Richmond region. Keywords nonprofit, nonprofit sector, needs assessment, nongovernment organization Disciplines Higher Education This research report is available at VCU Scholars Compass: http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/community_resources/7 Virginia Commonwealth University Nonprofit Sector Needs Assessment Survey A Report of Findings for the Richmond Metro Area
How Reliable Are Psychopathy Checklist–Revised Scores in Canadian Criminal Trials? A Case Law Review

The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 2003) is a professional rating scale that enjoys widespread use in forensic and correctional settings, primarily as a tool to inform risk assessments in a variety of types of cases (e.g., parole determinations, sexually violent predator [SVP] civil commitment). Although widely described as "reliable and valid" in research reports, several recent field studies have suggested that PCL-R scores provided by examiners in forensic cases are significantly less reliable than the interrater reliability values reported in research studies. Most of these field studies, however, have had small samples and only examined SVP civil commitment cases. This study builds on existing research by examining the reliability of PCL-R scores provided by forensic examiners in a much more extensive sample of Canadian criminal cases. Using the LexisNexis database, we identified 102 cases in which at least 2 scores were reported (of 257 total PCL-R scores). The single-rater intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC(A1)) was . 59, indicating that a large percentage of the variance in individual scores was attributable to some form of error. ICC values were somewhat higher for sexual offending cases (.66) than they were for nonsexual offending cases (.46), indicating that poor interrater reliability was not restricted specifically to the assessment of sexual offenders. These and earlier findings concerning field reliability in legal cases suggest that the standard error of measurement for PCL-R scores that are provided to the courts is likely to be much larger than the value of 2.90 reported in the instrument's manual.
Tone choice and voice quality of dispreferred turns in the English of Finns

Authentic Finnish-English speech data was collected as part of an English conversation class in a Finnish college. Intonation was coded utilizing the framework involving ‘tone’, ‘key’ and ‘termination’. A categorization of voice quality was chosen (e.g., ‘modal voice’, ‘creak’, ‘breathy’, and ‘tense’). The tempo of speech was transcribed with such descriptors as, e.g., ‘fast’ and ‘slow’. The majority of dispreferred turns in the data represented mitigated disagreement, with structural complexity (involving, e.g., wordiness). The p tone was predominant: a low/mid key often accompanied mitigated disagreement. The r and r+ tones were virtually absent in the mitigated dispreferred turns. Instead, the speakers often used a very lax/breathy voice quality and a slow/decelerating tempo, often resulting in creak near a transition relevant place.
Host-parasite coevolution in a multilocus gene-for-gene system

This paper examines a mathematical model for the coevolution of parasite virulence and host resistance under a multilocus gene–for–gene interaction. The degrees of parasite virulence and host resistance show coevolutionary cycles for sufficiently small costs of virulence and resistance. Besides these coevolutionary cycles of a longer period, multilocus genotype frequencies show complex fluctuations over shorter periods. All multilocus genotypes are maintained within host and parasite classes having the same number of resistant/virulent alleles and their frequencies fluctuate with approximately equally displaced phases. If either the cost of virulence or the number of resistance loci is larger then a threshold, the host maintains the static polymorphism of singly (or doubly or more, depending on the cost of resistance) resistant genotypes and the parasite remains universally avirulent. In other words, host polymorphism can prevent the invasion of any virulent strain in the parasite. Thus, although assuming an empirically common type of asymmetrical gene–for–gene interaction, both host and parasite populations can maintain polymorphism in each locus and retain complex fluctuations. Implications for the red queen hypothesis of the evolution of sex and the control of multiple drug resistance are discussed.
Comparison of photoselective vaporization of the prostate and transurethral resection of the prostate: a prospective nonrandomized bicenter trial with 2-year follow-up.

PURPOSE To present our 2-year data comparing photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for patients suffering from lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). PATIENTS AND METHODS In this prospective non-randomized study, 210 patients with a prostate volume <70 mL underwent PVP (112) or TURP (98). Functional follow-up included measurement of maximum urinary flow rate (Q(max)), post-void residual urine volume (PVR), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and quality-of-life score (QoL) within a 24-month period. While anticoagulant therapy was discontinued before the operation in the TURP group, it was not discontinued in the PVP group. RESULTS Baseline characteristics of both groups were similar. Mean operative time was 55.5 +/- 21.8 minutes for PVP and 46.0 +/- 8.7 minutes for TURP (P < 0.001). No statistically significant difference was observed between postoperative serum sodium and hemoglobin values in both groups (P > 0.05). Catheter indwelling time and hospitalization time of the PVP group were shorter than those of the TURP group (P < 0.001). In both groups, an immediate and highly significant improvement of Q(max), PVR, IPSS, and QoL was evident. Within 24 months urethral stricture in 3 patients after TURP and bladder neck contracture in 2 patients after PVP were observed. CONCLUSIONS The postoperative micturition improvement was significant and lasting, and was equivalent in both groups. The rate of complications was equally low with both procedures. PVP had the advantage of shorter hospitalization and catheter indwelling times and no need for discontinuation of anticoagulant therapy compared to TURP.
How will they react? Textile organizations and crisis communication : effect of crisis type, information and product price on the perceived post crisis emotions, attitude and behavioural intentions of textile organizations

Crisis communication researchers have systematically examined how people perceive the crisis response strategies using experimental designs. The results of these experimental studies provide evidence for organizations which they can use. This study contributes to the knowledge of the excising experimental studies by investigating a 2×2×2 experimental design where the conditions; crisis response timing strategy (proactive- versus reactive crisis response strategy), two types of value-related crises (animal cruelty- versus human exploitation crisis) and price (high- versus low price) are tested within the textile industry. Results show that a proactive crisis response strategy has positive influence and results in less anger , more sympathy and more brand trust than a reactive crisis response strategy. An animal cruelty crisis results in more negative post crisis impact than a human exploitation crisis and results in less sympathy and less purchase intention. A crisis within an organization with high priced products results in more negative post crisis impact than a crisis within an organization with low priced products and results in less purchase intention. Crisis managers need to implement a proactive crisis response strategy prior to a crisis so they will always use this strategy. In order to avoid value related crises, crisis managers within the textile industry need to have sufficient supply chain management which, for instant, avoids subcontracting. Future research could go deeper into the unexplored conditions crisis type and price.
Antidepressant-like effects of essential oil and asarone, a major essential oil component from the rhizome of Acorus tatarinowii

Abstract Context: Depression is one of the most common psychiatric diseases. Acorus tatarinowii Schott (Araceae) has shown many bioactivities in treatment of senile dementia and epilepsy. However, there is no report on antidepressant-like effects of the essential oil (EO) and its major components on animals under standardized experimental procedures. Objective: This study was designed to investigate the antidepressant properties of EO and asarones from the rhizomes of A. tatarinowii. Materials and methods: Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to determine the composition of EO. The forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and open-field test (OFT) were used to evaluate the antidepressant-like effects of EO and asarones. EO [30, 60, 120 or 240 mg/kg, per os (p.o.)], asarones (α-asarone and β-asarone) [5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.)] and imipramine (15 mg/kg, i.p.) were administered at 1 h, 30 min and 30 min before the test, respectively. Results: From the results of GC/MS, it was found that the main components of the EO were α-asarone (9.18%) and β-asarone (68.9%). From the results of FST and TST, the immobility time can be reduced to 166 ± 17 s (p < 0.01) and 146 ± 15 s (p < 0.05) by EO at the dose of 120 mg/kg. Moreover, significant antidepressant-like effects were shown by α-asarone with the immobility time of 178 ± 15 s (p < 0.05) and 159 ± 17 s (p < 0.01) in FST, or 147 ± 12 (p < 0.05) and 134 ± 12 s (p < 0.01) in TST at the dose of 10 and 20 mg/kg. β-Asarone also displayed antidepressant-like effects with an immobility time of 179 ± 18 s (p < 0.05) in FST or 142 ± 14 (p < 0.05) in TST at 20 mg/kg. However, no change in ambulation was observed in the OFT. Conclusion: The results obtained indicate that the EO and asarones from the rhizomes of A. tatarinowii can be considered as a new therapeutic agent for curing depression.
Immunomodulatory Effect of Tungstate on Streptozotocin‐Induced Experimental Diabetes in Rats

Abstract: Immune dysfunction has been found to be associated with diabetes mellitus. Tungstate treatment restored the number and function of immune cells as well as the immunoglobulin level in STZ diabetic rats. This indicated the immunomodulatory effect of tungstate in diabetics and would be effective in inhibiting diabetic‐induced alterations.
Effects of Habitat Fragmentation on Effective Population Size in the Endangered Rio Grande Silvery Minnow

Abstract: We assessed spatial and temporal patterns of genetic diversity to evaluate effects of river fragmentation on remnant populations of the federally endangered Rio Grande silvery minnow (Hybognathus amarus). Analysis of microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA detected little spatial genetic structure over the current geographic range, consistent with high gene flow despite fragmentation by dams. Maximum‐likelihood analysis of temporal genetic data indicated, however, that present‐day effective population size (NeV) of the largest extant population of this species was 78 and the ratio of effective size to adult numbers (NeV/N) was ∼ 0.001 during the study period (1999 to 2001). Coalescent‐based analytical methods provided an estimate of historical (river fragmentation was completed in 1975) effective size (NeI ) that ranged between 105 and 106. We propose that disparity between contemporary and historical estimates of Neand low contemporary Ne/N result from recent changes in demography related to river fragmentation. Rio Grande silvery minnows produce pelagic eggs and larvae subject to downstream transport through diversion dams. This life‐history feature results in heavy losses of yearly reproductive effort to emigration and mortality, and extremely large variance in reproductive success among individuals and spawning localities. Interaction of pelagic early life history and river fragmentation has altered demographic and genetic dynamics of remnant populations and reduced Neto critically low values over ecological time.