Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Who is the Weak ? A Critical Examination of the Construction of ‘ Weak ’ and ‘ Strong ’ Interests From the Case of Dog Protection in Chinese Society

Mobilizations in defence of ‘companion animals’ have become major sites of contestation in Chinese society in recent years. They often reject the existing ambiguity between the use of these animals as pets and as meat, demanding unambiguous respect for and protection of dogs. However, in a society where inequalities are as significant as in China, where the level of poverty, sickness, and environmental and industrial tragedies appears overwhelming, one may ask how pets’ destinies have become such a symbolic focus and source of occasional fury – for both Chinese and foreign audiences. Taking this question seriously, this article aims to examine such mobilizations in China – demanding the protection of dogs – as a starting point to theoretically unwrap the more general problem of how the perception of certain beings as ‘weak’ and as deserving the protection of society is socially constructed, and what the related choices imply. I argue that to better understand these mobilizations to protect dogs, we should not separate the focus of the calls for protection from the social web of relationships and oppositions in which they are entrenched.
Low-rank Bandit Methods for High-dimensional Dynamic Pricing

We consider dynamic pricing with many products under an evolving but low-dimensional demand model. Assuming the temporal variation in cross-elasticities exhibits low-rank structure based on fixed (latent) features of the products, we show that the revenue maximization problem reduces to an online bandit convex optimization with side information given by the observed demands. We design dynamic pricing algorithms whose revenue approaches that of the best fixed price vector in hindsight, at a rate that only depends on the intrinsic rank of the demand model and not the number of products. Our approach applies a bandit convex optimization algorithm in a projected low-dimensional space spanned by the latent product features, while simultaneously learning this span via online singular value decomposition of a carefully-crafted matrix containing the observed demands.
A Generalization Model Based on OI-implication for Ideal Theory Refinement

A framework for theory refinement is presented pursuing the efficiency and effectiveness of learning regarded as a search process. A refinement operator satisfying these requirements is formally defined as ideal. Past results have demonstrated the impossibility of specifying ideal operators in search spaces where standard generalization models, like logical implication or t-subsumption, are adopted. By assuming the object identity bias over a space defined by a clausal language ordered by logical implication, a novel generalization model, named OI-implication, is derived and we prove that ideal operators can be defined for the resulting search space.
Query semantic data from relational database : an on-demand mapping approach

One of the tasks for semantic web is to integrate large amounts of current information in relational database, which behind Web into machine-understandable RDF data model to form a "web of data". So relational database semantic query namely RDF access to relational database is an important issue in semantic web research. To realize the query is to build mapping relation between relational database schema and ontology. However, there is natural isomerism between them. The traditional method to eliminate the isomerism is to convert relational database schema into a similar ontology form and then to build all concepts and attributes mappings between conversion ontology and input ontology. This paper realized an on-demanding mapping method when users request query, avoided building all concepts and attributes mappings between conversion ontology and input ontology and improved mapping efficiency.
Sensory Drive in Cichlid Speciation

The role of selection in speciation is a central yet poorly understood problem in evolutionary biology. The rapid radiations of extremely colorful cichlid fish in African lakes have fueled the hypothesis that sexual selection can drive species divergence without geographical isolation. Here we present experimental evidence for a mechanism by which sexual selection becomes divergent: in two sibling species from Lake Victoria, female mating preferences for red and blue male nuptial coloration coincide with their context‐independent sensitivities to red and blue light, which in turn correspond to a difference in ambient light in the natural habitat of the species. These results suggest that natural selection on visual performance, favoring different visual properties in different spectral environments, may lead to divergent sexual selection on male nuptial coloration. This interplay of ecological and sexual selection along a light gradient may provide a mechanism of rapid speciation through divergent sensory drive.
Enabling Green Wireless Sensor Networks: Energy Efficient T-MAC Using Markov Chain Based Optimization

Due to the rapidly growing sensor-enabled connected world around us, with the continuously decreasing size of sensors from smaller to tiny, energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks has drawn ample consideration in both academia as well as in industries’ R&D. The literature of energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is focused on the three layers of wireless communication, namely the physical, Medium Access Control (MAC) and network layers. Physical layer-centric energy efficiency techniques have limited capabilities due to hardware designs and size considerations. Network layer-centric energy efficiency approaches have been constrained, in view of network dynamics and available network infrastructures. However, energy efficiency at the MAC layer requires a traffic cooperative transmission control. In this context, this paper presents a one-dimensional discrete-time Markov chain analytical model of the Timeout Medium Access Control (T-MAC) protocol. Specifically, an analytical model is derived for T-MAC focusing on an analysis of service delay, throughput, energy consumption and power efficiency under unsaturated traffic conditions. The service delay model calculates the average service delay using the adaptive sleep wakeup schedules. The component models include a queuing theory-based throughput analysis model, a cycle probability-based analytical model for computing the probabilities of a successful transmission, collision, and the idle state of a sensor, as well as an energy consumption model for the sensor’s life cycle. A fair performance assessment of the proposed T-MAC analytical model attests to the energy efficiency of the model when compared to that of state-of-the-art techniques, in terms of better power saving, a higher throughput and a lower energy consumption under various traffic loads.
ON THE INVESTIGATION OF RESIDUAL STRESS AND SHAPE DEVIATION DEVELOPMENT IN MANUFACTURING OF GLARE

Integrated fuselage panels made of Fibre metal laminates (FMLs) encounter shape deviations and residual stresses after cure and post-cure processes due to different mechanisms. In this paper, the focus is on the methodology of research that is already started. After describing the manufacturing processes and their effects on the panel geometry and stress state, results from primary modelling and experiments are presented. Some thermal experiments are done on non-symmetric FMLs and remarks are made on the epoxy curing effects. The needed procedure is presented for adapting the model to become capable of predicting the final geometry of a fuselage panel made of FMLs.
P o S ( A L P S 2 0 1 8 ) 0 1 0 Search for exotic particles at NA 62

NA62 is successfully running in the North Area of the CERN SPS with the main goal of measuring the BR(K+→ π+νν) with 10% accuracy. Owing to the high beam energy and high beam intensity, the long decay volume and the hermetic detector coverage, NA62 also has the opportunity to directly search for a plethora of hidden-sector particles, both in visible or invisible final states. A large variety of searches for hidden sector particles can be performed using kaon decays and broad and rich physics programme is being proposed for the 2021-2023 data taking, including ∼ 1018 protons-on-target (pot) collected when the experiment is operated in dump mode. We will detail the status of the first analysis based on the 2×1015 pot already collected in dump mode.
2 Lithospheric Features of the São FranciscoCraton

Studying the thick lithosphere of cratons is important to help understand their formation and the mechanisms for their preservation. We present a synthesis of the information available for the deep structure in Eastern Brazil, from seismological and gravity data, to characterize the São Francisco Craton (SFC) and help better define its lateral boundaries at depth. Crustal thicknesses of the SFC, known mainly from receiver function studies, range from 38 to 42 km, except for a localized thickening (up to 44 km) in the northern part, and crustal thinning towards the Atlantic continental margin in Bahia state. Overall, the crust is slightly thicker near the geologically-defined surface boundaries (40–42 km) and slightly thinner in the center (38–40 km), which is consistent with generally low Bouguer anomalies and high topography to the East and to the West of the craton probably defining the suture zones during the Gondwana amalgamation. Modeling of gravity anomalies with some seismic constraints indicates a relatively low-density lithospheric mantle for the SFC, despite higher Pn velocity, which is consistent with a Fe-depleted, buoyant lithosphere, which helps preserve the cratons’s root. Surface-wave continental-scale tomography suggested the thickest lithosphere, around 200 km, to be in the Archean southern part of the SFC, consistent with regional Pand S-wave tomography. Both the surface-wave and the body-wave tomographies show high upper mantle velocities beneath the Brasilia fold belt, next to the SFC’s surface limits, which is interpreted as a continuation at depth of the craton’s lithosphere, beneath the low-grade external metamorphic domain of the Brasilia fold belt. Analysis of the SFC seismicity shows that most earthquakes now occur on shallow (<2 km) normal faults formed during the formation of the Brasiliano continental margin, now reactivated under the present E–W compressional stresses.
Current Research Into Specialized Processors For Text Information Retrieval

While there have been a number of projects involved with the design and construction of specialized processors to aid in the efficient operation of large structured database systems, such as RAP or CASSM, very little work has been done on comparable hardware for text information retrieval. This paper summarizes development efforts being carried out to produce backend systems for the efficient searching and retrieval of full text databases. The characteristics of text retrieval, and its special problems when compared to other database systems, are presented. Two representative applications are discussed, one the retrieval of relevant items from a database being updated online from messages originating from a large number of sources, and the second a legal reference system consisting of all court decisions. Processors to scan large amounts of data at speeds comparable to the transfer rate of the disks on which it is stored are presented, along with a network of simple processors to allow rapid merging of directory information for inverted file systems.
The Effects of Prudential Supervision on Bank Resiliency and Profits in a Multi-Agent Setting

This article studies the effects of prudential supervision on bank resiliency and profitability within an agent-based framework that allows us to simulate persistent crisis conditions. It focuses on the stabilizing effect of prudential supervision introduced alongside three "traditional" regulatory instruments: a norm, a market-based CDS insurance mechanism and a tax in the form of a bail-in instrument. The results show that: (i) supervision enhances the regulatory instruments’ efficiency, (ii) the regulatory norm can postpone the bank’s default, but not avoid it, (iii) the CDS mechanism only produces positive results on resiliency and profitability if the regulator supervises, and (iv) the tax bail-in instrument is the most powerful tool in the regulator’s arsenal as it potentiates profitable bank operation under long-lasting crisis conditions.
Using the visitor experiences for mapping the possibilities of implementing a robotic guide in outdoor sites

FROG (Fun Robotic Outdoor Guide) is a project that aims to develop an outdoor robotic guide that enriches the visitor experience in touristic sites. This paper is a first step toward a guide robot and presents a case study on how to analyze the visitors' experience and examine opportunities for a future robot guide in the sites. We adopted the participatory design method for mapping the visitor experience; the end users of the tourist sites participated actively in finding and discussing their experience of visiting. Results indicated that visitors especially like the structure of the tour and the stories provided, especially interesting little known facts the guide gives. However, they do not like the rushed pace of a guided tour. When exploring the site by themselves, they enjoy the freedom, the time to make pictures and to concentrate on what interests them. Visitors do not like a lack or overload of information or problems with route finding. Not all guide-related factors that influence a visitor's experience positively can be copied one-on-one to a robot guide. And care needs to be taken to identify those aspects of guided tours and guide behaviors that will be effective for robot-guided tours. In this paper we describe the first step towards the realization of an outdoor robotic guide. We evaluate people's experiences of guided tours to inform the design of robot-guided tours. This analysis forms the basis for ongoing research into the development of effective robot behaviors.
Numerical Solution on MHD Stagnation Point Flow in Ferrofluid with Newtonian Heating and Thermal Radiation Effect

Article history: Received 20 September 2018 Received in revised form 25 November 2018 Accepted 2 January 2019 Available online 10 May 2019 This study aims to investigate MHD stagnation point flow of Magnetite (Fe3O4) with Newtonian heating and thermal radiation effect over a flat plate. The governing equation which is in the form of dimensional nonlinear partial differential equations are reduced to non-linear ordinary equations by using appropriate similarity transformation, then solved numerically by using Keller-box method, which programmed in Matlab software. The influenced of significant parameter such as the magnetic parameter, radiation parameter and volume fraction on velocity and temperature profiles will be obtained. The study reveals the radiation parameter will enhance the temperature of the flow. On the other hand, the skin friction and Nusselt number will increase with an increase magnetic parameter.
Sevoflurane: A New Inhalational Anesthetic Agent

Laboratory screening of a series of halogenated methyl isopropyl ethers revealed sevoflurane (fluoromethyl-1, 1,1,3,3,3,-hexafluoro-2-propyl ether) as a potent nonexplosive inhalational anesthetic agent. Sevoflurane, a pleasant-smelling liquid, boils at 58.5°C at 760 torr and has a vapor pressure of 200 torr at 25°C. It is nonflammable in air and has lower flammability limits of 11 vols percent in O2 and 10 vols percent in N2O.Sevoflurane exhibits limited chemical reactivity in vitro; it is subject to slight but measurable hydrolysis, and reacts with soda lime to form traces of related ethers. It provides rapid anesthetic induction and recovery consistent with its low distribution coefficients (blood:gas, 0.6; corn oil:gas, 41.6; olive oil: gas, 53.4). In dogs, anesthetic concentrations of sevoflurane did not produce spontaneous cardiac arrhythmias and did not sensitize the heart to epinephrine. Electroencephalographic patterns were similar to those observed during anesthesia with halothane. In rats, small increases in the urinary excretion of inorganic fluoride ion occurred during the first 24 hours after anesthesia. Subacute studies in dogs and rats, using closed-circle absorption with soda lime, revealed no toxicologically significant changes in animals anesthetized frequently for 2 weeks. Sevoflurane appears to be a unique volatile anesthetic agent worthy of further study.
Analysis of rbcL sequences reveals the global biodiversity, community structure, and biogeographical pattern of thermoacidophilic red algae (Cyanidiales)

Thermoacidophilic cyanidia (Cyanidiales) are the primary photosynthetic eukaryotes in volcanic areas. These red algae also serve as important model organisms for studying life in extreme habitats. The global biodiversity and community structure of Cyanidiales remain unclear despite previous sampling efforts. Here, we surveyed the Cyanidiales biodiversity in the Tatun Volcano Group (TVG) area in Taiwan using environmental DNA sequencing. We generated 174 rbcL sequences from eight samples from four regions in the TVG area, and combined them with 239 publicly available rbcL sequences collected worldwide. Species delimita‐tion using this large rbcL data set suggested at least 20 Cyanidiales OTUs (operational taxono‐mic units) worldwide, almost three times the presently recognized seven species. Results from environmental DNA showed that OTUs in the TVG area were divided into three groups: (i) dominant in hot springs with 92%–99% sequence identity to Galdieria maxima; (ii) largely distributed in drier and more acidic microhabitats with 99% identity to G. partita; and (iii) primarily distributed in cooler microhabitats and lacking identity to known cyanidia species (a novel Cyanidiales lineage). In both global and individual area analyses, we observed greater species diversity in non‐aquatic than aquatic habitats. Community structure analysis showed high similarity between the TVG community and West Pacific‐Iceland communities, reflecting their geographic proximity to each other. Our study is the first examination of the global species diversity and biogeographic affinity of cyanidia. Additionally, our data illuminate the influence of microhabitat type on Cyanidiales diversity and highlight intriguing questions for future ecological research.
Direct Health Care Costs of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Within a Privately Insured Employed Population, 2000 and 2005

Objective: To assess the incremental economic burden of privately insured patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in 2000 and 2005 in the United States. Methods: Adults with T2DM and 24 months of continuous health plan enrollment were identified in the MarketScan databases (2000 and 2005). Control groups of persons without diabetes were selected for comparison using propensity score matching. Total adjusted health care costs were estimated using generalized linear modeling. Results: Adjusted health care costs of patients with T2DM in 2005 were 136% higher than those of the matched controls ($12,733 vs $5406, P < 0.001). Similarly, costs of patients with T2DM in 2000 were 146% higher than those of the matched controls ($12,423 vs $5058, P < 0.001). Expenditures were similar for individuals with T2DM in 2000 and 2005. Conclusions: T2DM continues to impose a substantial economic burden to self-insured employers.
XRF 434 S 2 PICOFOX Trace Elements in Biological Matrices and their Impact in Clinical Chemistry

A sufficient uptake of various vitamins and essential trace elements is of crucial importance to health. Essential trace elements or micronutrients are those with concentrations below 50 ppm (mg/kg) in human bodies or with a daily intake below 50 mg. Elements are classified as “essential”, when a deficiency causes a medical symptom and a specific nutritional supplementation will avoid or relieve such a symptom. A list of essential elements and their biological role is shown in table 1. Lab Report XRF 434
An Improved Adaptive Filtering Technique to Remove High Density Salt-and-Pepper Noise Using Multiple Last Processed Pixels

This paper presents an efficient algorithm which can remove high density salt-and-pepper noise from corrupted digital image. This technique differentiates between corrupted and uncorrupted pixels and performs the filtering process only on the corrupted ones. The proposed algorithm calculates median only among the noise-free neighborhoods in the processing window and replaces the centre corrupted pixel with that median value. The adaptive behavior is enabled here by expanding the processing window based on neighbourhood noise-free pixels. In case of high density noise corruption where no noise-free neighborhood is found within the maximum size of window, this algorithm takes last processed pixels into the account. While most of the existing filtering techniques use only one last processed pixel after reaching maximum window, the proposed algorithm considers multiple last processed pixels rather than considering a single one so that more accurate decision can be taken in order to replace the corrupted pixel.
The disintegration of a molecule: The role of gelsolin in FAF, familial amyloidosis (Finnish type)

Gelsolin is a dynamic actin-filament-severing and -capping protein (1) capable of the demolition of the actin cytoskeleton. Gelsolin undergoes large conformational changes on binding calcium and actin, transformations that can be reversed on interaction with phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and the removal of calcium. This structural plasticity goes askew in familial amyloidosis (Finnish type) (FAF), where a single amino acid mutation (2), at residue 187, produces an aberrant, protease-sensitive molecule. A series of protease cleavages follow that result in a fragment of gelsolin domain 2 (residues 173–243; Fig. 1) that spontaneously associates into amyloid fibrils. These fibrils are deposited mainly in the facial regions of FAF sufferers, producing physical and cosmetic dysfunction. Ratnaswamy et al. (3) provide insight into the mechanism of FAF-gelsolin degeneration and, hence, the progression of this disease, by assessing the conformational stability of the FAF mutant domain 2 in comparison with that of the wild type.