Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Media Naturalness and Compensatory Adaptation: Counterintuitive Effects on Correct Rejections of Deceitful Contract Clauses

Research problem: Deciding whether to accept or reject contract clauses in software purchasing contracts is a complex communication-related task, which is likely faced daily by a multitude of software purchasing professionals in a variety of organizations. Research question: What are the effects of viewing contract clauses as video clips, compared to viewing clauses as text only, in terms of cognitive effort, communication ambiguity, and correctness in the acceptance or rejection of clauses in software purchasing contracts? Literature review: The literature on the Media Richness and Media Naturalness theories suggest that viewing contract clauses as video clips should reduce cognitive effort and communication ambiguity. However, while Media Richness theory suggests that correctness in the acceptance or rejection of clauses in software purchasing contracts should increase with the use of video clips, Media Naturalness theory suggests a neutral overall effect. Methodology: An experiment was conducted in which student participants were asked to either accept or reject 20 clauses from a software contract, placing themselves in the position of buyers. Of the 20 clauses, 6 were intentionally deceitful and potentially harmful to the buyer. Approximately half of the participants reviewed the contract clauses as web-based text, and the remaining as web-based video clips. Results and conclusions: Viewing contract clauses as video clips was associated with significantly less cognitive effort and less communication ambiguity than viewing the clauses as text only. Counterintuitively, increases in perceived cognitive effort and communication ambiguity were associated with more successful identification and rejection of deceitful contract clauses. The combination of these competing effects led to an overall neutral effect of the medium on the correctness in the acceptance or rejection of clauses. These findings are consistent with expectations based on Media Naturalness theory, particularly its compensatory adaptation proposition, and inconsistent with expectations based on Media Richness theory.
ADMINISTRATORS’ LEADERSHIP SKILLS AND EMPLOYEES’ JOB ENGAGEMENT IN TERTIARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN OGUN STATE NIGERIA

The study examined administrators’ leadership skills and employees’ job engagement in tertiary educational institutions is Ogun State, Nigeria. The study was guided by three research questions. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. Four Hundred and Fifteen employees (academic and non-teaching staff) selected from six out of the 12 public tertiary institutions in Ogun State, Nigeria were sampled, using multi-stage sampling technique. A researcher–designed 30 item 4 point modified Likert rating scale instrument entitled “Administrators Leadership Skills and Employees’ Job Engagement Questionnaire” (ALSEJEQ) was used for data collection. The instrument was subjected to reliability test using the Crombach Alpha method and a value of 0.89 was obtained. Data analysis was statistically done using Multiple Regression Analysis. Findings revealed that, though low, the overall model of the three administrators’ leadership skills indicators significantly predicted employees’ job engagement in tertiary educational institutions in Ogun State (F (3, 411) = 47.195, p < 0.05) ; that, though low, the overall model of the administrators’ leadership skills indicators significantly predicted employees’ job engagement in tertiary educational institutions in Ogun State (F (3, 411) = 47.195, p < 0.05); and that although, administrators’ analytical skills significantly contributed to the model, the contribution was negative β = -. 284, t (411) = -3.028, p < 0.05. The administrators’ conceptual skills did not significantly contribute to the model β = -. 048, t (411) = -. 496, p = . 620. It was therefore recommended among others that appointment of Administrators of tertiary educational institutions should be hinged on evidence of haven undergone training at the National Institute for Educational Planning and Administration (NIEPA, Nigeria), and that serving institutional Administrators should as a matter of policy be required to engage in Mandatory Continuing Professional Education.
Central toxic keratopathy

Purpose of review To describe recent evidence from the literature regarding central toxic keratopathy syndrome (CTK). Recent findings CTK describes a rare, self-limited, noninflammatory postsurgical condition that presents with central corneal opacity and a significant hyperopic shift. Although its cause remains uncertain, CTK bears a striking clinical resemblance to other more serious conditions and is, therefore, often misdiagnosed and mismanaged. Despite its noninflammatory nature, the overlapping clinical features CTK shares with other inflammatory and infectious processes have led some to treat CTK with steroids. Recent studies discourage the use of steroids in CTK and recommend allowing the condition to resolve on its own. Summary Although CTK resembles other inflammatory conditions that are responsive to steroids, current studies suggest that steroid administration is contraindicated in CTK and can exacerbate preexisting refractive alterations in patients with the condition.
Diaphragm disuse reduces Ca2+ uptake capacity of sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Chronic phrenic tetrodotoxin (TTX) blockade and phrenic denervation (Dnv) of hamster diaphragm result in decreased maximum specific tension, prolonged contraction time, and improved fatigue resistance (W. Z. Zhan and G. C. Sieck, J. Appl. Physiol. 72: 1445-1453, 1992). An underlying increased relative contribution of type I fibers to total muscle mass appears to be consistent with, but does not completely account for, changes in contractile and fatigue properties. The present study was designed to evaluate a potential role for altered cellular Ca2+ metabolism in the adaptive response of the diaphragm to chronic disuse. An analytic method based on simulation and modeling of long-term 45Ca2+ efflux data was used to estimate Ca2+ contents (nmol Ca2+/g wet wt tissue) and exchange fluxes (nmol Ca2+.min-1.g-1) for extracellular and intracellular compartments in the in vitro hamster hemidiaphragm after prolonged disuse. Three groups were compared: control (Con, n = 5), phrenic TTX blockade (TTX, n = 5), and phrenic denervation (Dnv, n = 5). Experimental muscles were loaded with 45Ca2+ for 1 h, and efflux data were collected for 8 h by using a flow-through tissue chamber. Compartmental analysis of efflux data estimated that the Ca2+ contents and Ca2+ exchange fluxes of the largest and slowest intracellular compartment (putative longitudinal reticulum) were reduced by approximately 50% in TTX and Dnv muscle groups compared with Con. In addition, the kinetic model predicted significant decreases in total intracellular Ca2+ and total diaphragm Ca2+ in TTX and Dnv muscles. We conclude that the data support the hypothesis that the capacity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum for Ca2+ sequestration is reduced in chronic diaphragm disuse. The impact of this effect on diaphragm contractile and fatigue properties is discussed.
Hardware-Efficient QR-Decomposition Using Bivariate Numeric Function Approximation

Bivariate function approximation has proven its feasibility in terms of hardware-efficient arithmetic signal processing. However, its impact on high performance QR decomposition (QRD) has only been roughly studied so far. In this paper, a novel hardware architecture for Givens-Rotation-based QRD is proposed targeting hardware efficient signal processing. To this end, an ingenious triangular systolic array structure is considered. Complex-valued matrices are efficiently processed by means of a sophisticated bivariate numeric function approximation methodology. In order to get a comprehensive insight in the performance, exhaustive evaluation is carried out with a modern multi-antenna wireless communication system. In detail, the proposed QRD hardware architecture is used in a suitable channel pre-coding setup. For a meaningful proof-of-concept, our work is evaluated on several levels of the computing stack. In addition, our design is implemented and physically synthesized in a state-of-the-art 65-nm Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company technology and compared with other publications. The results indicate our approach to be a powerful solution for hardware-based QRD, especially in terms of energy and area requirements.
Financial Report for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise According to Financial Accounting Standards: Case Study Rafita Cake

The main obstacle faced by SME’s is capital problem. To overcome this problem, in 2007 the President launched the Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) program whose guarantee was facilitated by the government. In practice, the realization of KUR is still far from the target, the reason is the bank did not get enough information related to the condition of SME’s, so the bank became very careful in distributing credit. One of the information required by the banks is the financial statements, but many SME’s perpetrators have not prepared financial statements in accordance with the standards. In addition to the lack of accounting knowledge, existing standards are also considered quite complex. At the end of 2016 the Indonesian Institute of Accountants issued Financial Accounting Standards of Micro, Small and Medium Entities. This standard is very simple and easy to implement so it is expected to help the SME’s perpetrators in preparing financial statements.
Measuring the Barriers to Big Data for Development: Design-Reality Gap Analysis in Colombia's Public Sector

While big data has the potential to make a significant contribution to international development, that potential is currently constrained by a number of barriers. Systematic analysis of those barriers is rare, so this paper applies the design-reality gap model to identify and evaluate barriers to effective use of big data in one context: the Colombian public sector. The model provides a structured framework that exposes a broad set of barriers, and also helps highlight priority areas for action to accelerate the application of big data. The design-reality gap model can also be seen to provide the basis for related analyses such as readiness for big data, and risk identification for big data initiatives in developing countries.
Inflation Targeting: New Evidence from Fractional Integration and Cointegration

We investigate inflation persistence in six inflation targeting (IT) countries from the globaleconomy perspective. This view maintains that inflation persistence in IT countries has declined mainly because of the decline of inflation persistence in the global economy. We provide empirical evidence on two yet unanswered questions. First, we investigate whether each IT country in the sample share a common persistence with Germany and the US, two non-IT countries with a relatively good inflation record, which we use as proxies for the global economy. This tests the weak-form global hypothesis. Second, for the countries that share common inflation persistence with Germany and the US, we examine whether the same long memory component drives their inflationary processes to converge in the long-run to a common stochastic equilibrium with Germany and the US. This tests the strong-form global hypothesis. Our findings cast doubt on the relevance of IT in the industrial, but not developing, countries in the sample, suggesting that the global economy probably played an important role in the decline of inflation persistence in industrial, but not developing, countries.
Macrophage function in atherosclerosis

Cation channels of the Transient Receptor Potential Canonical (TRPC) group, which belong to the larger TRP superfamily of channel proteins, are critical players in cardiovascular disease. Recent studies underscored a role of TRPC3 in macrophage survival and efferocytosis, two critical events in atherosclerosis lesion development. Also, other members of the TRP channel superfamily are found expressed in monocytes/macrophages, where they participate in processes that might be of significance to atherogenesis. These observations set a framework for future studies aimed at defining the ultimate functions not only of TRPC3, but probably other TRP channels, in macrophage biology. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a timely revision of existing evidence on the role of members of the TRP channel superfamily, in particular TRPCs, in macrophages and discuss it in the context of the macrophage’s function in atherogenesis.
Information exposure and growth monitoring favour child nutrition in rural Indonesia.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Malnutrition is a health problem among under-five children in Indonesia. The mothers' knowledge on nutrition and health in addition to growth monitoring program are essential components that may influence nutritional status of children under-five. The objective was to observe the importance of maternal information exposure along with growth monitoring program to the nutritional status of children in rural areas. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN A cross sectional study of 233 randomly selected mothers of under-five children from different geographical rural settings in Indonesia were interviewed and observed as to their exposure to nutrition and health information, growth monitoring program and nutritional status of the children. RESULTS The prevalence of underweight, stunting, and wasting was 50.5%, 18.0%, and 28.4%, respectively. The mean of height-for-age z score was similar across villages, however, the mean of weight-for-age (p=0.039) and weightfor- height (p=0.047) were significantly lower in Kenduren compared with Karangrejo village. The possession of a growth monitoring card in Kenduren was significantly lower compared with Karangrejo (p<0.001) or Buko villages (p<0.001). The prevalence of underweight (p=0.001) or stunting (p=0.021) was higher among children who did not possess a growth monitoring card. The prevalence of stunting was higher among children who did not routinely go to Posyandu (Integrated Health Post) in the last 3 months (p=0.018). CONCLUSION Maternal exposure to nutrition and health information, along with growth monitoring programs, contribute to the prevalence of underweight and stunting among rural children who are under-five years old.
Challenges in Crowdsourcing Geospatial Data to Replace or Enhance Official Sources

Urban dwellers demand geospatial data on various aspects of contemporary life. Governmental sources account for several important data categories, but not necessarily up-to-date, or even covering all aspects. Technologies such as smartphones allow citizens to become geospatial data producers and to contribute with valuable georeferenced data in near real time. Crowdsourced often has problems in aspects such as coverage, reliability and positional accuracy. This paper focuses on challenges that exist in the integration of geospatial data provided by governmental or corporate sources to crowdsourced data, provided dynamically and voluntarily by concerned citizens, or unconsciously through online tools and social networks.
Innovation, Productivity, and Spillovers Effects: Evidence from Chile

This paper estimates the direct and spillover effects of two matching grants schemes designed to promote firm-level research and development (R&D) investment in Chile on firm productivity. Because the two programs target different kinds of projects—the National Productivity and Technological Development Fund (FONTEC) subsidizes intramural R&D, while the Science and Technology Development Fund (FONDEF) finances extramural R&D carried out in collaboration with research institutes—analyzing their effects can shed light on the process of knowledge creation and diffusion. The paper applies fixed-effects techniques to a novel dataset that merges several waves of Chile’s National Manufacturing Surveys collected by the National Institute of Statistics with register data on the beneficiaries of both programs. The results suggest that while both programs have had a positive impact on participants’ productivity, only FONDEF-funded projects have generated positive spillovers on firms’ productivity. The analysis reveals that the spillover effects on productivity display an inverted-U relationship with the intensity of public support. Spillover effects were found to occur only if firms were both geographically and technologically close.
Physical activity and cognitive function of community Chinese elderly in Hong Kong (HK) and Guangzhou (GZ)

ABSTRACT Background: Some studies demonstrated that physical activity may have beneficial effect on cognitive function. The objective of the study was to estimate the association between physical activity and cognitive function in community-dwelling elderly Chinese in Hong Kong (HK) and Guangzhou (GZ). Methods: In the neighborhood of HK and GZ, a convenience sample of 557 (260 in HK and 297 in GZ) older persons without dementia aged over 60 years (73.4 ± 6.5) was recruited. Physical activity was measured using a checklist. Information on physical activity participation, cognitive function, and other variables were collected. Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between physical activity and cognitive function. Results: Total number of physical activities showed significant association with the delayed recall test (p < 0.01) and category verbal fluency test (CVFT) (p < 0.01). However, with further adjustment for participation in intellectual activity, the coefficients were no longer statistically significant (p > 0.05) Conclusion: Physical activity may not be associated with better cognitive function among elderly Chinese independently of other factors.
Role of Cingulin in Agonist-induced Vascular Endothelial Permeability*

Agonist-induced activation of Rho GTPase signaling leads to endothelial cell (EC) permeability and may culminate in pulmonary edema, a devastating complication of acute lung injury. Cingulin is an adaptor protein first discovered in epithelium and is involved in the organization of the tight junctions. This study investigated the role of cingulin in control of agonist-induced lung EC permeability via interaction with RhoA-specific activator GEF-H1. The siRNA-induced cingulin knockdown augmented thrombin-induced EC permeability monitored by measurements of transendothelial electrical resistance and endothelial cell permeability for macromolecules. Increased thrombin-induced permeability in ECs with depleted cingulin was associated with increased activation of GEF-H1 and RhoA detected in pulldown activation assays. Increased GEF-H1 association with cingulin was essential for down-regulation of thrombin-induced RhoA barrier disruptive signaling. Using cingulin-truncated mutants, we determined that GEF-H1 interaction with the rod + tail domain of cingulin was required for inactivation of GEF-H1 and endothelial cell barrier preservation. The results demonstrate the role for association of GEF-H1 with cingulin as the mechanism of RhoA pathway inactivation and rescue of EC barrier after agonist challenge.
Sector offset configuration with static vertical beam-forming for LTE

Macrocellular networks with frequency reuse across sectors of the same eNodeB and neighbouring eNodeBs suffer from high interference at the cell boundaries, resulting in an uneven distribution of user throughputs. Recently, it has been shown that for LTE macrocell networks a horizontal sector offset configuration can mitigate this problem and significantly increase network performance. In this paper, applying static beam-forming ideas, we extend the proposed horizontal-only sector offset configuration to the vertical dimension, where two physical antennas with the same azimuth but different downtilt reuse the same antenna port. In this way, adding antennas with higher downtilt does not result in an increased number of cell boundaries per eNodeB. Simulation results show that, compared with traditional schemes, the proposed horizontal-and-vertical sector offset configuration can increase the average and 5%-tile UE throughputs by up to 102% and 157%, respectively. The approach is compatible with current channel dependent schedulers and gains scale well with higher sectorizations.
Large-rotation and low-voltage driving realized by micromirror with vertical comb and tense thin film torsion bar

A micromirror device is developed realizing the large-rotation and the low-voltage driving. The bulk Si micromirror is suspended with the thin film torsion bars. Inside the torsion bar, the tension is included for suppressing the additional movement (e.g., vertical movement or in-plane rotation). The torsion bar can be compliant in the mirror rotation and stiff in other movement. The rotation of 7.3 degrees is obtained at 5 V.
Invisible Search and Online Search Engines

This book is concerned with how search, searching and with them search engines have become so widely used that we have stopped noticing them. One of society’s key infrastructure for knowing and getting informed are computerised systems supporting the search for and locating of documents and information. The use of these systems, search engines, is curiously dispersed and centralised at the same time. It is dispersed across a vast array of social practices in which it has acquired close to naturalised positions and it is commercially and technically centralised and controlled by a handful very dominant companies, especially one extremely powerful global player, Google. Looking for mediated information is mostly done online and arbitrated by the various tools and devices that people carry with them on a daily basis. In addition, various algorithms and not least economic interests organise search. This way search engines contribute to structuring private as much as professional lives and public and personal memories in ways that might not be immediately obvious. Yet, what does that mean more specifically? How do people deal with search engines? How do we research their use and which strands of previous research help us understand this all-encompassing, increasingly invisible information infrastructure? In this book we encounter original research on the use of search engines in contemporary everyday life and the challenges they pose for media- and information literacy, together with reflections on previous research from fields such as library and information science, media studies and STS. By doing this the authors also reclaim the study of search for library and information science. They tap into the discipline’s multifaceted tradition of research in information retrieval, information seeking and information behaviour and highlight its significant contributions to understanding and researching search in contemporary society. (Less)