Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
STICKSTOFF- UND PHOSPHORVERWERTUNG, WIE AUCH VERDAULICHKEIT DER AMINOSAUREN BEI VERFUTTERUNG VON TRITICALE UND ENZYMEN AN HAHNCHEN, ENTEN UND GANSE

Zusammenfassung Zwei Versuche wurden gleichzeitig mit sieben Tage alten mannlichen Hybridkuken der mittelschweren Messa 243 - Henne bzw. Vedette-Hybrid; Barbarie (Carina mouschata) bzw. Mulard Entenkuken sowie Landaise 1. 2. Gosseln durchgefuhrt. Die Tiere wurden zu drei Behandlungsgruppen (insgesamt 27 Kafige im Versuch) zugeteilt. Die Haltung erfolgte in Batterie-Kafigen bei den gleichen Licht- und Haltungsbedingungen. Den Tieren wurden semi ad libitum Futtermischungen angeboten, in welche als Getreide 54% Mais und Weizen (I) bzw. 40% Triticale (II) eingesetzt wurde. Die berechneten Inhalte von Pentosanen in den Mischungen betrugen entsprechend 27,9 bzw. 32,8 g/kg und der β-Glukane 6,2 bzw. 6,1 g/kg. Der Rohproteingehalt betrug im Mittel 22,5%, die Konzentration an umsetzbarer Energie betrug 11,2–11,4 MJ/kg. Den Tieren aller Spezies wurden die Kontroll-Futtermischung (I), die Versuchsfuttermischung (II) bzw. die Versuchsmischung mit 200p.p.m. Roxazyme G-Zulage (III) verabreicht. In jedem Versuch wurden zwei Serien von N- und P-Bilanzversuchen durchgefuhrt und die scheinbare Verdaulichkeit der Aminosauren bestimmt. Alle Mittelwerte der N- und P-Verwertung lagen insgesamt hoch, fur Hahnchen betrugen sie im Mittel 47% fur N bzw. 51% fur P, bei den Enten entsprechend 47,8 bzw. 54,5% und bei den Gansen 50,9 bzw. 50,8%. Bei unerwartet gunstigen Resultaten, die in den negativen Kontrollgruppen (II) erlangt wurden, ergab sich beim Einsatz von Roxazyme in die Triticale-Diaten (III) daruber ein positiver Einflus zu sehen. Auf die Enzymsupplementierung negativ reagierten ausschlieslich die langsamer wachsenden leichte Messa-Hahnchen, wahrend bei den Vedette Broiler-Hybriden die Unterschiede zwischen Gruppe II bzw. III kaum festzustellen waren. Dagegen wurde durch Enzymsupplementierung bei Jungenten eine um 6,5% (Barbarie) bzw. um 4,8% (Mulard) verbesserte Stickstoff -und um 6,8 bzw. um 3,1% hohere Phosphorverwertung erreicht. Bei Gansen waren entsprechende Gruppen-Unterschiede geringer und betrugen -3,7% (Landaise 1, 2) fur Stickstoff bzw. 3,8% bzw. 4,5% fur die Phosphorverwertung. Die scheinbare Verdaulichkeit der Aminosauren zeigte eine relativ geringe Variabilitat. Bei dem Einsatz von Enzymkomplex - Roxazyme G war eine klare Steigerung der scheinbaren Verdaulichkeit der Aminosauren nur bei Hahnchen nachwisbar, bei anderen Tierarten hatte die Enzymzulage keinen Einflus.
Nomenclature of European Plethodontid salamanders: Speleomantes Dubois, 1984 has precedence over Atylodes Gistel, 1868

In a recent paper, Wake et al. (2005) unearthed Atylodes, a long forgotten nomen (see Dubois, 2000) proposed by Gistel in 1868 for the genus of the Sardinian Plethodontidae Speleomantes genei Temminck and Schlegel, 1838 (type species by monotypy). Atylodes Gistel, 1868 is thus an older, long forgotten, subjective synonym of Speleomantes Dubois, 1984 (type species Speleomantes italicus Dunn, 1923) if both are used for a taxon made of all European Plethodontid salamanders. The nomenclatural consequences of this discovery are not clearly exposed nor correctly tackled, however, since they fail to take the steps necessary to protect this nomen under the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (the Code hereafter) when Atylodes and Speleomantes are in concurrence to designate a taxon. Article 23.9. 1 of the Code specifies that “prevailing usage must be maintained when the following conditions are both met: 23.9. 1.1 the senior synonym (. . .) has not been used as a valid name after 1899, and 23.9. 1.2 the junior synonym (. . .) has been used for a particular taxon, as its presumed valid name, in at least 25 works, published by at least 10 authors in the immediately preceding 50 years and encompassing a span of not less than 10 years”. According to the Code (Article 23.9.2), an author who discovers that both the conditions of Article 23.9. 1 are met should cite the two nomina together and state explicitly that the younger nomen is valid, and that the action is taken in accordance with this
The colonisation of Anak Krakatau: interactions between wild sugar cane, Saccharum spontaneum, and the antlion, Myrmeleon frontalis

ABSTRACT The volcanic island of Anak Krakatau emerged from the sea in 1930. The antlion Myrmeleon frontalis has only become established on Anak Krakatau within the last five years, despite having been present on the other Krakatau Islands for at least 50 years. The appearance of the antlions on Anak Krakatau seems to have coincided with the construction of a shelter hut in 1986 which provides a suitable under-floor habitat of dry dusty soil for the larvae to construct their pits. From the hut site they have extended into sub-optimal locations around the bases of clumps of wild sugarcane, Saccharum spontaneum, on the adjacent lower slopes of the outer cone ash fields. The soil around the Saccharum chimps is variable. Fine deposits are suitable for antlion larvae, more gravelly soils are not. The antlion larvae inhabiting the Saccharum clumps are disturbed by rain which destroys their pits. These two habitats, the hut and Saccharum sites, are the only places on the island that are occupied by the antlion larvae. They have quite different micro-climates so that the two populations are out of synchrony with each other.
Field Measurements of Photosynthesis of Umbilicarious Lichens in Winter

: The photosynthetic performance of Lasallia pustulata and Umbilicaria spodochroa was measured both in the field on granitic rock in southern Norway and in the laboratory under controlled conditions of light and temperature. In the field thallus temperatures varied between − 2 and + 5 °C during the daylight period in January 1994. In situ water contents were between 50 and 400% d.wt. in L. pustulata and between 100 and 500% d.wt. in U. spodochroa. The lichens were active during the whole period of investigation. Photosynthetic rates reached 13.03 μmol CO2 g Chl−1 s−1 in L. pustulata and 5.56 μmol CO2 g Chl−1 s−1 in U. spodochroa. Ice formation on the thallus surface did not impede CO2 exchange. Light was mainly the limiting factor, as could be confirmed by the laboratory experiments. In general, habitat conditions never provided optimum photosynthetic rates but photosynthetic carbon balance was positive during 4 of the 5 days investigated. The coldest day was photosynthetically almost as efficient as the warmest day during this period.
Results of pop-up satellite tagging of spawning size class fish in the Gulf of Maine: do North Atlantic bluefin tuna spawn in the mid-Atlantic?

Twenty giant bluefin tuna were captured in September and October 1997 and tagged and released with pop-up satellite tags programmed to jettison from March through July, 1998. Seventeen tags successfully released from the fish (12 during the known May-July spawning period), all of which were located north of 33°N latitude, in a region of the mid-Atlantic bounded by Bermuda and the Azores. Our results argue for reconsideration of current assumptions about North Atlantic bluefin tuna migration patterns, mixing rates, spawning areas, and stock structure and highlight the need for additional studies.
Obtención, caracterización de antígenos y evaluación de la técnica de inmunotransferencia para la detección de candidiasis sistémica

A culture media containing peptone, glucose, yeast extract and serum was evaluated to promote the development of the mycelium formation in Candida albicans and it was compared with the commercial media Tc 199. No significant difference was found between them. Somatic antigens characterized by PAGE-SDS were obtained from yeast and mycelial forms. Proteins reported as having high diagnostic value were expressed in both antigens. It was determined by immunotransference that the antigenic proteins predominating in the mycelium formation had molecular weights of 19, 21, 27 and 57 Kda. The immunotransference was standardized for detecting antibodies in patients with systemic candidiasis. 24 positive sera were evaluated by this technique and it was compared with the ELISA technique, which proved to be more sensitive and less specific. The most recognized proteins were those of 136 and 21 Kda and the complex from 42 to 45 Kda.
Morfometria da flor e inflorescência de Butia capitata (Mart) Becc. (Arecaceae) em diferentes fases de desenvolvimento, no cerrado de Montes Claros - MG.

Revista Brasileira de Biociências, Porto Alegre, v. 5, supl. 1, p. 657-659, jul. 2007 Introdução Butia capitata (Mart) Becc. , pertence à família Arecaceae (Palmae), subfamília Arecoideae, tribo Cocoeae e subtribo Butiinae [1]. Suas inflorescências são paniculadas e apresentam flores monoclinas, estaminadas e pistiladas, na mesma ráquila; o fruto é uma drupa carnosa com uma a três sementes [2]. No norte de Minas Gerais esta espécie é comumente explorada, representando importante fonte de alimento e renda para populações rurais do cerrado. A compreensão das características da morfologia e biologia floral é condição primordial para se avaliar as interações entre o pólen e o estigma, flores e polinizadores, bem como o sucesso reprodutivo das espécies vegetais [3]. Assim, o presente trabalho objetivou caracterizar morfologicamente a flor e a inflorescência de B. capitata em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento, a fim de contribuir para a ampliação do conhecimento sobre a fenologia e aspectos adaptativos da biologia floral da espécie relacionados à frutificação.
Effect of honey as an immunomodulator against invasive aspergillosis in BALB/c mice

Summary Invasive aspergillosis has become an increasing problem in immunocompromised patients in recent years. Due to increased antimicrobial resistance, natural agents with medicinal and immunomodulatory effects have gained more attention. Honey is a natural substance with documented antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and wound healing effects. In this study the effects of three Iranian honeys on some aspects of innate immunity and survival rate during invasive aspergillosis were investigated. For this purpose, mice were divided into 10 groups (honey alone, honey and infection, negative and positive controls) each containing 10 individuals. Mice were treated with honey (1.5g/kg BW/orally) for 10 days. At day 6, Aspergillus fumigatus conidia (5 × 105/ml) were injected intravenously to the infected groups. Mice were euthanized at day 11, and spleen and peritoneal cell culture was performed. Pro-inflammatory cytokine production using ELISA and killing assay was also performed. For survival rate, 10 mice from each infected group were considered and monitored for 30 days. The results showed that honey treatment could significantly increase IL6 and IL1β production in infected mice as well as improve macrophage killing (p < 0.05). Also mice treated with honey had a greater survival time than the infected group. Our results suggest that honey could boost the immune system and increase survival time in invasive aspergillosis.
Insecticide-Induced Resurgence of the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens , on Rice Varieties with Different Levels of Resistance

Three rice varieties, IR29, IR40, and IR42, which are, respectively, susceptible, moderately resistant, and resistant, to Nilaparvata lugens Stal in the Philippines, were treated in the field with decamethrin, an insecticide known to cause resurgence. N. lugens populations increased to a significantly higher level in the treated plots than in untreated checks, but the degree of resurgence varied among varieties. the maximum population increases in the treated plots compared with the checks were ca. 74-, 50-, and 5-fold, respectively, for IR29, IR40, and IR42. Decamethrin was toxic to predators, and this reduction of natural enemies of N. lugens may have contributed to the pest resurgence. However, the differences between populations of N. lugens in treated and nontreated plots within varieties were larger than differences in predator numbers, suggesting that other factors were also involved.
Antibiotic Cement in Arthroplasty: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Introduction Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following arthroplasty surgery is a devastating complication. Antibiotic cement has been proposed as a way to reduce PJI rates. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to review all of the available randomized controlled trial (RCT) evidence on the use of antibiotic cement in arthroplasty. Methods PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase were searched. All records were screened in triplicate. Eligible RCTs were included. Data regarding study characteristics, patient demographics, and rates of superficial and deep infection were collected. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool 2.0. Results Five RCTs were included (n = 4,397). Four studies compared antibiotic cement to plain cement while one study compared high-dose dual-antibiotic (HDDA) cement to low-dose single-antibiotic (LDSA) cement. The mean age of included patients was 76.4 years (range: 68-83). There was no significant difference in superficial infection rates between antibiotic and plain cement (odds ratio (OR): 1.33, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.77-2.30, p = 0.3). There was a large but non-significant reduction in deep infection rates for antibiotic cement (OR: 0.20, 95%CI: 0.03-1.32, p = 0.09). There was a significantly lower rate of infection with HDDA as compared to LDSA (OR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.09-0.88, p = 0.041). Conclusion The available evidence from RCTs reveals a potential benefit for antibiotic cement in arthroplasty surgery, though this difference is non-significant and highly imprecise. Furthermore, HDDA cement was significantly more effective than LDSA cement. There is a need for large, pragmatic trials on this topic.
Application of Compensatory Growth to Enhance Production in Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus

Four treatment groups that received repeating cycles of fixed feed deprivation for either 0, 1, 2, or 3 d (control, treatment 1, treatment 2, and treatment 3, respectively), followed by periods of refeeding with a 36% protein commercial catfish feed once daily as long as the active phase of compensatory growth (CG) persisted, were assessed in flow-through aquaria. No-feed periods elicited the CG state and were immediately followed by days of ad libatum refeeding. At the end of 10 wk, average growth rate (AGR) of fish was higher (P < 0.05) than the control by 40%, 180%, and 191% for treatment 1, treatment 2, and treatment 3, respectively. The average weight of fish in treatment 3 was heavier (P < 0.05) than the average control group at the end of the study period. Mean daily feed consumption was 3.91%, 5.03%, 5.36%, and 5.98% for control, treatment 1, treatment 2, and treatment 3, respectively. Mean feed consumption per fish per day was 24%, 71.3%, and 70.7% higher than the control in treatment 1, treatment 2, and treatment 3, respectively. Restricted feeding is one of the effective methods to contain ESC-related losses in commercial channel catfish fingerling operations. The mean cumulative survival of treatment groups registered higher (P < 0.05) survival to Edwardsiella ictaluri infection compared to the daily fed control fish. Results from this study show that compensatory growth response triggered by periodic non-feeding days can improve growth rate, feed consumption, and improved survival to ESC infections in channel catfish fingerlings.
Terrain, vegetation and landscape evolution of the R4D research site, Brooks Range Foothills, Alaska

Maps of the vegetation and terrain of a 22 km2 area centered on the Department of Energy (DOE) R4D (Response, Resistance. Resilience to and Recovery from Disturbance in Arctic Ecosystems) study site in the Southern Foothills Physiographic Province of Alaska were made using integrated geobotanical mapping procedures and a geographic-information system. Typical landforms and surface forms include hillslope water tracks, Sagavanirktok-age till deposits, nonsorted stone stripes, and colluvial-basin deposits. Thirty-two plant communities are described; the dominant vegetation (51% of the mapped area) is moist tussock-sedge, dwarf-shrub tundra dominated by Eriophorum vaginatum or Carex bigelowii. Much of the spatial variation in the mapped geobotanical characters reflects different-aged glaciated surfaces. Shannon-Wiener indices indicate that the more mature landscapes, represented by retransported hillslope deposits and basin colluvium, are less heterogeneous than newer landscapes such as surficial till deposits and floodplains. A typical toposequence on a mid-Pleistocene-age surface is discussed with respect to evolution of the landscape. Thick Sphagnum moss layers occur on lower hillslopes, and the patterns of moss-layer development, heat flux, active layer thickness, and ground-ice are seen as keys to developing thermokarst-susceptibility maps.
Slab roll-back and trench retreat as controlling factor for basin subsidence in southern Central America

Slab roll-back and trench retreat are important factors for basin subsidence, magma generation and volcanism in arc-trench systems. Based on the sedimentary and tectonic record of the southern Central American island-arc we conclude that repeated phases of slab roll-back and trench retreats occurred the arc-trench system since the Late Cretaceous. These trench retreats were most probably related to the subduction of oceanic plateaus and seamounts and effected both the fore-arc and back-arc evolution. We used numerical basin modelling techniques to analyse the burial history of fore-arc and back-arc basins in Central America and combined the results with field data of the sedimentological evolution of the basin-fills.
Metabolomics in plant–herbivore interactions: challenges and applications

Metabolomics as the study of the entire set of metabolites of a given organism is an important frontier in life sciences. As a tool that captures the ‘front end’ of cellular machineries, metabolomics is particularly suited to investigate biotic interactions, including for instance the interplay between plants and insects. In this review, we discuss the opportunities and challenges of metabolomics to study plant–herbivore interactions. We first present a brief overview of the typical analytical workflows used in metabolomics and their associated issues, in particular those related to metabolome coverage and compound identification. Second, recent advances in the field of plant–herbivore relationships that are promoted by non‐targeted approaches are reviewed, with examples ranging from classical herbivore resistance patterns to plant‐mediated interactions across different spatial scales and volatile‐mediated tritrophic interactions. Through general considerations and the discussion of a few selected case studies, our review highlights the potential and challenges of metabolomics as a research approach to understand biological interfaces.
A Cold-Regulated Protein from Bermudagrass Crowns Is a Chitinase

Sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and fluorography of in vivo radiolabeled proteins has revealed that protein synthesis in crowns of ‘Midiron’ and ‘Tifgreen’ bermudagrasses (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy) is altered in association with cold acclimation (CA). Increased synthesis of some proteins in association with CA in Midiron crowns correlates with the greater freezing tolerance of Midiron compared with Tifgreen. This study was undertaken to (i) characterize further alterations in protein synthesis in Midiron and Tifgreen crowns utilizing analytical isoelectric focusing (IEF)/SDS-PAGE [two-dimensional (2D-) PAGE], and (ii) identify cold-regulated (COR) proteins, proteins encoded by genes persistently upregulated during CA, through sequence analysis of peptides recovered after micropreparative 2D-PAGE and protease digestion. Plants were grown for 26 d in controlled-environment chambers under acclimating [8/2°C (day/night) cycles with 10 h photoperiods] or nonacclimating [28/24°C] conditions. Proteins synthesized by isolated crowns were radiolabeled in vivo for 16 h with ³⁵S-methionine and ³⁵S-cysteine. Among several groups of COR proteins synthesized in Midiron and Tifgreen crowns, low molecular weight (about 20–28 kilodalton) basic (LB) COR proteins were synthesized in greater amounts and numbers in Midiron than Tifgreen crowns. Among the LB COR proteins, a 27-kD basic COR protein was synthesized prominently in crowns of both Midiron and Tifgreen plants. This protein from Midiron crowns was designated COR27 and identified as a chitinase (E.C. 3.2.1.14) through protein sequencing. Contribution of the Oklahoma Agric. Exp. Stn. , Project H-1361. Approved for publication by the Director, Oklahoma Agric. Exp. Stn. This paper reports cooperative research of the Oklahoma Agric. Exp. Stn. , the USDA-ARS, and the William K. Warren Medical Research Institute, supported in part by grants from the U.S. Golf Assoc. and Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology. Mention of a trademark or a proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of a product by the U.S. Dep. of Agriculture, and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable.
Host-locating response by the aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi to tomato plant volatiles

Abstract The blend of volatile compounds emitted by tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) infested with the potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) has been studied comparatively with undamaged plants and aphids themselves. Aphid-infested plants were significantly more attractive towards Aphidius ervi than undamaged plants and aphids themselves. Oriented response towards host-damaged plant, from which aphids were removed just before running the bioassay, did not differ from that recorded for infested plants. Collection of the volatiles and analysis by gas chromatography revealed only quantitative differences between uninfested and aphid-infested plants. Nine compounds, α-pinene, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, α-phellandrene, limonene, (E)-β-ocimene, p-cymene, methyl salicylate, (E)-β-caryophyllene and an unknown compound, were emitted at higher levels from aphid-infested plants than from undamaged control plants, whilst no differences were noted for hexanal, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, and humulene (=α-caryophyllene). Synthetic standards of these compounds were tested in wind tunnel bioassays and all elicited a significant increase in oriented flight and landings on the target by the aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi. (E)-β-caryophyllene resulted the most attractive towards female wasps. These results corroborate the hypothesis that the volatiles produced by the plant in response to aphid attack derive from both jasmonic and salicylic acid pathways, and are exploited by A. ervi as olfactory cues to locate its hosts.