Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global atmospheric budget of acetaldehyde: 3-D model analysis and constraints from in-situ and satellite observations

Abstract. We construct a global atmospheric budget for acetaldehyde using a 3-D model of atmospheric chemistry (GEOS-Chem), and use an ensemble of observations to evaluate present understanding of its sources and sinks. Hydrocarbon oxidation provides the largest acetaldehyde source in the model (128 Tg a−1, a factor of 4 greater than the previous estimate), with alkanes, alkenes, and ethanol the main precursors. There is also a minor source from isoprene oxidation. We use an updated chemical mechanism for GEOS-Chem, and photochemical acetaldehyde yields are consistent with the Master Chemical Mechanism. We present a new approach to quantifying the acetaldehyde air-sea flux based on the global distribution of light absorption due to colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) derived from satellite ocean color observations. The resulting net ocean emission is 57 Tg a−1, the second largest global source of acetaldehyde. A key uncertainty is the acetaldehyde turnover time in the ocean mixed layer, with quantitative model evaluation over the ocean complicated by known measurement artifacts in clean air. Simulated concentrations in surface air over the ocean generally agree well with aircraft measurements, though the model tends to overestimate the vertical gradient. PAN:NOx ratios are well-simulated in the marine boundary layer, providing some support for the modeled ocean source. We introduce the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGANv2.1) for acetaldehyde and ethanol and use it to quantify their net flux from living terrestrial plants. Including emissions from decaying plants the total direct acetaldehyde source from the land biosphere is 23 Tg a−1. Other terrestrial acetaldehyde sources include biomass burning (3 Tg a−1) and anthropogenic emissions (2 Tg a−1). Simulated concentrations in the continental boundary layer are generally unbiased and capture the spatial gradients seen in observations over North America, Europe, and tropical South America. However, the model underestimates acetaldehyde levels in urban outflow, suggesting a missing source in polluted air. Ubiquitous high measured concentrations in the free troposphere are not captured by the model, and based on present understanding are not consistent with concurrent measurements of PAN and NOx: we find no compelling evidence for a widespread missing acetaldehyde source in the free troposphere. We estimate the current US source of ethanol and acetaldehyde (primary + secondary) at 1.3 Tg a−1 and 7.8 Tg a−1, approximately 60{%} and 480% of the corresponding increases expected for a national transition from gasoline to ethanol fuel.
ELECTROCHEMICAL NANOFLUIDICS: THE MESOSCOPIC LIMIT

We have developed a lithography-based nanofluidic device for sensitive electrochemical detection applications. The device consists of a solution-filled channel bounded by parallel electrodes that are separated by ~50 nm. Redox cycling at the two electrodes is used to amplify the electrochemical signals from molecules in the volume between the electrodes, and can lead to dramatic improvements in sensitivity and/or selectivity. Interestingly, an important limit to sensitivity is placed by statistical fluctuations in the number of molecules present in the device, a consequence of its extremely small volume (a few femtolitres). In this Proceedings article, we focus on the consequences of these statistical fluctuations on the signal-to-noise ratio of electrochemical sensors based on redox cycling.
Simulation of Quadruple Tank Process for Liquid Level Control

: A Quadruple Tank Process (QTP) is a two double tank process in which the tanks are arranged in such a way that the upper two tanks have an effect on the liquid level of the lower two tanks. A PID controller is used to control the liquid level in the lower two tanks. This system is divided into two Single Input Single Output systems to make the system simpler and easy to operate. The inputs and outputs are grouped for the pair that yields a good Relative Gain Array. The Niederlinski Index (NI) and Condition Number (CN) are calculated to check that pairing chosen would lead to a stable system. A control technique known as decoupling is used in the decentralised model of the system. The PID controllers are applied in each SISO system along with a decoupler. The system is simulated in MATLAB environment and the results are obtained.
Child & Noise : How does the child percieve the sound environment?

Undisturbed sleep is essential for physiological and psychological health. Children have a special need for uninterrupted sleep for growth and cognitive development. Noise is an environmental factor that affects most children, but the knowledge of how children's health, wellbeing and cognitive development are affected by noise disturbed sleep due to road traffic is very incomplete. It has been shown that although children are less likely to wake up or react with sleep cycle shifts due to nighttime exposure, they might be more likely to react with physiological effects such as blood pressure reactions and related motility during sleep. The aim of this paper is to formulate a set of hypotheses as a base for future studies into the short and long term effects of noise induced sleep deprivation on health and child development and how this effects health and wellbeing later on in life. Because the literature is still trying to understand the nature of sleep disturbance among children in general a scoping review was used to achieve this, combining conceptual issues with a description of the scarce literature on noise and sleep disturbance in children as example. Based on this a set of hypotheses was formulated. It is concluded that future studies into the health effect of
On Design Of Multiband Monopole Antenna Using Defected Ground Structure For WLAN And Wimax Application

Mahesh H. Jadhav, Dipak S. Jadhav, Vikas U. Deshmukh 1 2 3 (EnTC Dept. VPCOE,Baramati,Savitribai Phule Pune,University,Maharashtra ,India. Abstract :-The antennas are very essential device for communication system. It is used for transmitting and receiving data. Now a day’s the demand is for the design of an antenna with tripleor multiband application has increased since such an antenna is very essential for integrating more than one communication standards in a single system. To achieve this recruitment we used monopole antenna with Defected Ground Structure. DGS is simple and effective method to reduce the antenna size with increasing resonance mode. This paper gives review on design of multiband monopole antenna using DGS for wireless application.
In Vitro Antibacterial Testing Of Fruit And Leaf Extracts Of Physalis angulata ( L ) On Multidrug Resistant Bacterial Isolates From HIV Patients

The menace of drug resistance in the treatment of infectious diseases is of serious public health concern all over the world (WHO, 2016). Antibiotics are basically chemicals produced from certain microorganisms through fermentation to inhibit or eliminate other bacteria (Atta, 2015). Generally, antibiotics used in the treatment of bacterial infections are categorized into broad spectrum and narrow spectrum antibiotics (Acar, 1997). Bacterial pathogens genetically build resistance against antibiotics due to prolonged exposure to these antibiotics (Roberts, 1996). These aetiological agents of infections resist treatment by antibiotics through various techniques such as; expulsion of antimicrobials by efflux pumps, modification of porin channels against entry of the antimicrobial agent, inactivation of antibiotics and alteration of the antibiotic-binding sites in the cell (Dever and Dermody, 1991). The increasing rate of drug resistance to various groups Abstract: This study was aimed at investigating the antibacterial activity of Physalis angulata (L) against multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial isolates from the blood of HIV patients attending a tertiary healthcare institution in Ondo State, Nigeria. A total of 293 bacterial species were isolated from the blood of the recruited HIV patients. The 16S rDNA technique was used for the molecular characterization of these isolates sequel to culturomic characterization. Drug resistance patterns were established using impregnated antibiotic discs in the Kirby Bauer’s method. The MDR bacterial species were Proteus mirabilis CYPM, Salmonella typhi Ty21, Salmonella typhimurium L-3553, Enterobacter aerogenes CAV1320 and Escherichia coli O103:H2. The antibacterial efficacy of the leaf and fruit extracts of Physalis angulata (L) on these organisms was evaluated using agar well diffusion method. The extracts were prepared by hot continuous extraction using Soxhlet apparatus with methanol and n-Hexane as extracting solvents. The phytochemical screening of their bioactive constituents was conducted, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations and Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations of these extracts were also determined. The structural elucidation of bioactive components of the most effective extracts was carried out by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrophotometry. Methanolic extracts of fruits and leaves of P. angulata, were highly effective against Proteus mirabilis CYPM, that displayed the highest antibiotic resistance while the n-hexane extract of P. angulata fruits was highly effective against S. typhi Ty21. P. angulata is a promising candidate of antibacterial effectiveness against MDR bacterial isolates, encountered in HIV Patients and other immunocompromised individuals. The structural elucidation of its extracts also points towards the possession of chemical compounds effective for anticancer therapy.
Evaluation of food consumption at public day care centers in São Paulo, Brazil

Objective: To evaluate the energy intake and dietary adequacy of children attending nurseries of public and not-for-profit daycare centers in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted at 16 nurseries, attended by 236 children between the ages of 12 and 29 months. Data collection was carried out by the direct weighing method over three nonconsecutive days. The DietWin 2.0 Professional software was used for nutritional calculations. The adequacy of energy, protein, iron, vitamin A and vitamin C intake was calculated, also with the aforementioned software, using 2002 National Research Council Estimated Average Requirements as a reference. Adequate Intake (1999) was used as the reference for calcium intake, and Estimated Energy Requirements (2002), for evaluation of energy intake. Data were analyzed using the Epi-Info 3.4. 3 software. Results: We identified deficiencies in energy, iron, and calcium intake (mean deficits of 49.78%, 81.67%, and 57.44% respectively), as well as excessive intake of protein (183.27%) and vitamins A and C (126.86% and 57.44% respectively). Regarding macronutrients, fat intake was also found to be inadequate. Endereco para correspondencia: Jose Augusto A. C. Taddei Rua Loefgreen, 1.647 – Vila Clementino CEP 04040-032 – Sao Paulo/SP E-mail: taddei.dped@epm.br; giovana_longo@yahoo.com. br Fonte financiadora: Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), processo no 2006/02597-0 Conflito de interesse: nada a declarar Recebido em: 4/4/2011 Aprovado em: 9/8/2011
The end of national standards: An opportunity to find creativity in primary mathematics?

Creative commons license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ Authors retain copyright of their publications. Author and users are free to: • Share—copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format • Adapt—remix, transform, and build upon the material The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms. • Attribution—You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use • NonCommercial—You may not use the material for commercial purposes. • ShareAlike—If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
Joint action in music performance

Ensemble musicians coordinate their actions with remarkable precision. The ensemble cohesion that results is predicated upon group members sharing a common goal; a unified concept of the ideal sound. The current chapter reviews research addressing three cognitive processes that enable individuals to realize such shared goals while engaged in musical joint action. The first process is auditory imagery; specifically, anticipating one’s own sounds and the sounds produced by other performers. The second process, prioritized integrative attention, involves dividing attention between one’s own actions (high priority) and those of others (lower priority) while monitoring the overall, integrated ensemble sound. The third process relates to adaptive timing, i.e., adjusting the timing of one’s movements in order to maintain synchrony in the face of tempo changes and other, often unpredictable, events. The way in which these processes interact to determine ensemble coordination is discussed.
Understanding of Pre-Service Biology Teachers Students Toward Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK)

The Research Objective is to know understanding pre-service biology teachers students toward Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) and to know teachers and lecturers responses to PCK of the pre-service biology teachers students on Field Practice. The research used qualitative approach with case study method. Research subjects were 40 students in semester VII at Department of Biology Education at a College in Cirebon. Techniques of collecting data used were interviews, observation, quisionare and documentation. Data analysis technique used was qualitative descriptive. The results showed that of the seven dimensions of PCK, four dimensions had been mastered by the pre-service biology teachers. Three dimensions of PCK that could not be mastered and understood. Supervising teachers and lecturers in the Field Practice responded positively to PCK of the pre-service biology teachers students. The conclusion of this research is that the understanding of PCK by pre-service biology teachers students is good, but the students still need to be equipped and trained to develop PCK component, the teachers and supervising lecturers provided positive and excellent responses to the basic teaching skills and PCK of the pre-service teachers students when they were conducting field practice activities.
Seguridad eléctrica eficiente mediante UPS en sistemas hospitalarios

La confiabilidad y eficiencia del sistema electrico que alimenta a un hospital son caracteristicas imprescindibles, ya que se utilizan equipos altamente sensibles y con un grado de precision elevado, por lo que este punto juega un papel vital en este sector. Para asegurar la calidad de energia requerida, es necesario contar con una alimentacion que pueda garantizar la continuidad electrica absoluta y que sea capaz de hacerle frente a cualquier falla o perturbacion que pueda presentarse. En este trabajo se ponen en evidencia los problemas fundamentales que justifican el diseno e instalacion de un Sistema de Respaldo de Energia (UPS) eficiente, tomando en cuenta sus actuales y futuras necesidades.
EVALUATION AND MODELLING OF THE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF PARTICULATE MATTER IN URBAN AREAS

This thesis contains three subject areas concerning particulate matter in urban area air quality. Firstly, there is analysis of the measured concentrations of particulate matter mass concentrations in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area in different locations in relation to traffic sources, and at different times of year and day. Secondly, the evolution of traffic exhaust originated particulate matter number concentrations and sizes in local street scale are studied by a combination of a dispersion model and an aerosol process model. And thirdly, some situations of high particulate matter concentrations are analysed with regard to their meteorological origins, especially temperature inversion situations, in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area and three other European cities. The prediction of the occurrence of elevated particulate matter concentrations in the studied cities is examined, and the performance of current numerical weather forecasting models in the case of air pollution episode situations is considered. The study of ambient measurement data revealed clear diurnal variation of the PM10 concentrations in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area sites, irrespective of the year and the season of the year. The diurnal variation of local vehicular traffic flows seemed to have no substantial correlation with the PM2.5 concentrations, indicating that the PM10 concentrations were originated mainly from local vehicular traffic, while the PM2.5 concentrations were mostly of regionally and long-range transported origin. The modelling study of traffic exhaust dispersion and transformation showed that the number concentrations of particles originating from street traffic exhaust undergo a substantial change during the first tens of seconds after being emitted from the vehicle tailpipe. The dilution process was shown to dominate total number concentrations. Minimal effect of both condensation and coagulation was seen in the Aitken mode, but not in the accumulation mode number concentrations. In the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, studied PM episodes were shown to be linked to predominantly stable atmospheric conditions with high atmospheric pressure and low wind speeds in conjunction with relatively low ambient temperatures. For the other European cities studied, the best meteorological predictors for the elevated concentrations of PM10 were shown to be temporal evolutions of temperature inversions, atmospheric stability and in some cases, wind speed. The studied weather prediction models were found to underpredict inversion magnitudes, and they overpredicted nocturnal ground surface temperatures and wind speed close to the ground. These tendencies would lead to underprediction of dilution and subsequently to underprediction of pollutant concentration levels. The original papers are associated with various projects of the Atmospheric dispersion modelling group at the Air Quality Research Department of the Finnish Meteorological Institute. Publishing unit Finnish Meteorological Institute, Air Quality Research Classification (UDK)
shareOGD: An Approach for Integrating Semantic Information in Open Government Data

Open Government Data are data that are published in digital format by administrative bodies. The Open Government Data Guidelines should cover how data have to be published to fulfil the requirements of the linked open data approach. The idea of open linked data is that resources published on the Internet can be interlinked and this combination leads to new information by utilizing semantic web technologies (BIZER et al. 2009). One essential premise to cover linked open data requirements is that the semantics of the data must be published in order to define the meaning of the objects of events represented by the data. At the moment these requirements are not covered within the existing Open Government Data guidelines. Hence, Open Government Data are published in a digital format but they do not follow a certain data specification, nor share a semantic model. Hence, the published data of various administrative bodies can hardly be compared, due to the lack of a standardized data model and missing semantic description. This paper attempts to list current shortcomings of Open Governmental Data and presents data modelling and presentation concepts for Open Governmental Data in order to follow linked data rules (BERNERS-LEE 2006).
Biogeochemical Reduction Processes in a Hyper-Alkaline Leachate Affected Soil Profile

Hyperalkaline surface environments can occur naturally or because of contamination by hydroxide-rich wastes. The high pH produced in these areas has the potential to lead to highly specialized microbial communities and unusual biogeochemical processes. This article reports an investigation into the geochemical processes that are occurring in a buried, saturated, organic-rich soil layer at pH 12.3. The soil has been trapped beneath calcite precipitate (tufa) that is accumulating where highly alkaline leachate from a lime kiln waste tip is emerging to atmosphere. A population of anaerobic alkaliphilic bacteria dominated by a single, unidentified species within the Comamonadaceae family of β-proteobacteria has established itself near the top of the soil layer. This bacterial population appears to be capable of nitrate reduction using electron donors derived from the soil organic matter. Below the zone of nitrate reduction a significant proportion of the 0.5N HCl extractable iron (a proxy for microbial available iron) is in the Fe(II) oxidation state, indicating there is increasing anoxia with depth and suggesting that microbial iron reduction is occurring. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Geomicrobiology Journal to view the free supplemental files.
Comparação da calibração em instalação de campo livre com técnicas em campo de pressão segundo o teste acústico da IEC 61672-3

The ABNT NBR IEC 61672-3 Testes Periódicos, the first Brazilian standard of sound level meters, has relevant challenges regarding the acoustical test. This is because several factors that influence the response of the sound level meter, such as your body, microphone diffraction, wind screen, fixation and other accessories, cannot be always contemplated in the calibration, either due to limitations of laboratories or manufacturers themselves. For laboratories that do not have conditions to proceed with free-field testing, there are three pressure-field methods that allow determining frequency response in free field, as stated by standard: multifrequency sound level calibrator, comparison coupler or electrostatic actuator. For those to be proceeded, the manufacturer must provide correction data for each of these techniques and associated uncertainties determined according to IEC 62585, which is not always observed. According to IEC 61672-3, the acoustical test performed at a free-field facility may include DOI: 10.17648/sobrac-87172 eventual accessories present in its use condition, besides, it does not need to apply manufacturer's corrections as well, thus being the most advantageous and comprehensive method. In this work, results of acoutical tests proceeded at a laboratory that is part of the Brazilian Calibration Network (RBC), accredited for all of the described methods, are presented and the differences observed between those as well. Responses were obtained by multifrequency sound level calibrator and electrostatic actuator, applying their respective corrections to free field, and also directly at a free-field facility, using Time Selective Technique based on IEC 61094-8. This study also provides relevant information to infer more accurately the compliance of the sound level meter to standard in the whole frequency range. Moreover, it promotes a healthy reflection on potential conflicts that arise by opposite conformity declarations when different techniques are used.