Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The relation between velocity dispersion and mass in simulated clusters of galaxies: dependence on the tracer and the baryonic physics

[Abridged] We present an analysis of the relation between the masses of cluster- and group-sized halos, extracted from $\Lambda$CDM cosmological N-body and hydrodynamic simulations, and their velocity dispersions, at different redshifts from $z=2$ to $z=0$. The main aim of this analysis is to understand how the implementation of baryonic physics in simulations affects such relation, i.e. to what extent the use of the velocity dispersion as a proxy for cluster mass determination is hampered by the imperfect knowledge of the baryonic physics. In our analysis we use several sets of simulations with different physics implemented. Velocity dispersions are determined using three different tracers, DM particles, subhalos, and galaxies. We confirm that DM particles trace a relation that is fully consistent with the theoretical expectations based on the virial theorem and with previous results presented in the literature. On the other hand, subhalos and galaxies trace steeper relations, and with larger values of the normalization. Such relations imply that galaxies and subhalos have a $\sim10$ per cent velocity bias relative to the DM particles, which can be either positive or negative, depending on halo mass, redshift and physics implemented in the simulation. We explain these differences as due to dynamical processes, namely dynamical friction and tidal disruption, acting on substructures and galaxies, but not on DM particles. These processes appear to be more or less effective, depending on the halo masses and the importance of baryon cooling, and may create a non-trivial dependence of the velocity bias and the $\soneD$--$\Mtwo$ relation on the tracer, the halo mass and its redshift. These results are relevant in view of the application of velocity dispersion as a proxy for cluster masses in ongoing and future large redshift surveys.
Corporate Identity as a Strategic Tool for Companies to Remain Competitiveness in Car Industry during Current Financial and Economic Crisis

The paper is based on analysis of the theoretical basis of one of the most important strategic business tools of building process in firms - Corporate Identity (CI), its importance, roles and functions, with emphasis on the use of the phenomenon in car industry which represents a strategic creator of GDP as well as an employer on the international markets, including Slovakia. The aim of this paper, (based on the theoretical basis and practical examples) is to identify the impact of financial and economic crisis on development of CI in selected business entities operating in car industry in the EU (in Slovakia), focusing on production of passenger cars. Also to outline possible future trends of this phenomenon while taking into account changes in consumer behavior as well as in the international business environment.
The Interleague Advantage: A Difference in Differences Analysis

It has been argued that the introduction of interleague play in Major League Baseball provides an advantage to American League teams due to their use of the designated hitter. This paper examines whether this advantage actually exists and if so how large any advantage may be. The question is analyzed using a difference in differences model based on player performance data on interleague games from 1997 to 2008. It is shown that American League teams do have a small and statistically significant offensive advantage during interleague play. American League teams are estimated to have a 1.1 to 7.3 point advantage in batting average, a 0.1 to 9.8 point advantage in on base percentage, and a 1.2 to 9.9 point advantage in slugging percentage.
Design of a body energy harvesting system for the upper extremity

Abstract Converting energy from human upper limb motions into electrical energy is a challenge, as low frequency movements have to be converted into repetitive movements to effectively drive electromechanical generators. The prototype of an electromagnetic linear generator with gyrating mass is presented. The mechanical motion model first was simulated and the design was evaluated during different activities. An average power output of about 50 μW was determined with a maximum power output of 2.2 mW that is sufficient to operate sensors for health monitoring.
Increasing the Tumoricidal Activity of Daunomycin-pHPMA Conjugates Using Vitamin B12 as a Targeting Agent

Many different types of tumour have previously been shown to over-express cell-surface receptors involved in the uptake of Vitamin B12 (VB12). We have examined the potential of using VB12 as a targeting agent for the delivery of pHPMA-conjugated daunomycin in four murine tumour models. VB12-targeted-duanomycin-HPMA conjugates were found to increase both the number of survivors and the survival time of tumour-bearing mice. The data indicate that VB12 may be highly effective in enhancing the efficacy of polymer-bound cytotoxins, particularly in those tumours that over- express receptors involved in vitamin B12 uptake.
Some Observations on Human Control of a Bicycle

The purpose of this study is to identify human control actions in normal bicycling. The task under study is the stabilization of the mostly unstable lateral motion of the bicycle-rider system. This is done by visual observation of the rider and measuring the vehicle motions. The observations show that very little upper-body lean occurs and that stabilization is done by steering control actions only. However, at very low forward speed a second control is introduced to the system: knee movement. Moreover, all control actions are performed at the pedaling frequency, whilst the amplitude of the steering motion increases rapidly with decreasing forward speed.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Comparision of Response of Oral Versus Injectible Vitamin D in Children Having Rickets

Malnutrition is one of the major issues around the world. According to one estimation, it is stated that one of three children daily die from malnutrition in all over the world. Rickets is one of the most prevalent metabolic bone diseases in children. Proper diet and treatment can help in prevention of rickets. Rickets is a bone disorder due to deficiency of vitamin D. The level of vitamin D tells the severity of nutritional rickets as vitamin D is the major factor of this disease. There were no undesirable side effects observed in either group of children and both oral and injectable forms of treatment were well-tolerated. Cost of oral and injectable vitamin-D was almost same.
Viscous and inviscid models in fluid-particle interaction

Some recent developments in the study of fluid-particle interaction models are reviewed. A viscous model governed by the NavierStokes-Smoluchowski system and an inviscid model governed by the Euler-Smoluchowski system are presented and analyzed. For the viscous model, results on global existence, asymptotic behavior, singular limits and weak-strong uniqueness are discussed, whereas the analysis on the inviscid model deals with the issue of existence of smooth solutions.
High-Fidelity Spectroscopy at the Highest Resolutions

High-fidelity spectroscopy presents challenges for both observations and in designing instruments. High-resolution and high-accuracy spectra are required for verifying hydrodynamic stellar atmospheres and for resolving intergalactic absorption-line structures in quasars. Even with great photon fluxes from large telescopes with matching spectrometers, precise measurements of line profiles and wavelength positions encounter various physical, observational, and instrumental limits. The analysis may be limited by astrophysical and telluric blends, lack of suitable lines, imprecise laboratory wavelengths, or instrumental imperfections. To some extent, such limits can be pushed by forming averages over many similar spectral lines, thus averaging away small random blends and wavelength errors. In situations where theoretical predictions of lineshapes and shifts can be accurately made (e.g., hydrodynamic models of solar-type stars), the consistency between noisy observations and theoretical predictions may be verified; however this is not feasible for, e.g., the complex of intergalactic metal lines in spectra of distant quasars, where the primary data must come from observations. To more fully resolve lineshapes and interpret wavelength shifts in stars and quasars alike, spectral resolutions on order R=300,000 or more are required; a level that is becoming (but is not yet) available. A grand challenge remains to design efficient spectrometers with resolutions approaching R=1,000,000 for the forthcoming generation of extremely large telescopes.
Pulmonary Complications of Sickle Cell Disease in the Pregnant Patient

Respiratory complaints are common symptoms in pregnancy, and it is important to delineate whether the causative factor is cardiac, pulmonary, or physiologic in origin. The pathophysiology of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) can further complicate the differential diagnosis. To our knowledge, there is little to no literature devoted to the management of pulmonary complications in the pregnant sickle cell patient. Therefore we present a review of the current literature and feature reports on the incidence and prevalence of the pulmonary complications in a sickle cell pregnancy. These include Acute Chest Syndrome (ACS), Pulmonary Hypertension (PH), Pulmonary Embolism (PE), and sickle cell chronic lung disease. We also aim to recommend management strategies that address the SCD-related pulmonary complications in the pregnant state. The most severe clinical consequences occur in the homozygous mutation because there is a nearly complete elimination of Hb A, and the majority of the hemoglobin phenotype is represented as Hb SS. Those patients who are heterozygous for the mutation generally do not experience the same degree of symptoms as their homozygous counterparts, because they only have one abnormal copy of the gene. These patients are known to have a sickle-cell trait, and are thus referred to as carriers [3]. The carrier condition is generally benign, and is characterized by one allele of beta globin chain of Hb A carrying the point mutation, while the other allele is normal. This produces the Hemoglobin AS (Hb AS) phenotype. There are other sickle cell syndromes which are characterized by the inclusion of any hemoglobinopathy in which the sickle mutation is inherited in combination with another globin gene mutation. These syndromes may have different clinical severity compared with Homozygous Sickle Mutation (Hb SS). For instance, if the other beta globin allele carries another mutation resulting in either a mild or severe reduction of beta chain expression (β+-thalassemia), complete gene deletion (β0-thalassemia), or an alternative abnormality (hemoglobin C), then that individual will have a sickle cell variant disease in the form of hemoglobin Sβ0, hemoglobin Sβ+, or hemoglobin SC [4]. In the setting of low oxygen states, Hb S changes configuration, causing the red blood cell to take on a REVIEW ARTICLE
Diet composition of wolves (Canis lupus) on the Scandinavian peninsula determined by scat analysis

Seasonal diet composition of wolves (Canis lupus) was studied on the Scandinavian Peninsula by analysing 2063 wolf scats. The scats were collected during summer and winter of the years 1992 to 2005. A reduced data set (n = 1594) was used to describe the seasonal feeding pattern of 10 Scandinavian wolf territories in detail. Although the diverse diet confirmed the wolves’ nature as opportunistic predators, moose was the most common item in percent frequency of occurrence in summer (53.7%) and winter (68.5%), representing 88.9% and 95.7% of the mammalian biomass consumed in summer and winter, respectively. Other prey species like roe deer, beaver, badger, hare, small rodents and birds were regularly used during the year, with emphasis on the summer months. Within the studied period domestic animals only contributed marginally to the diet of wolves. Nevertheless, domestic animals were more frequently identified in summer than in winter with 1.3% and 0.1%, respectively. Moose was the preferred prey in summer (Manly’s Alpha = 0.68) and winter (Manly’s Alpha = 0.54). Food niche breadth was broader in summer (BA = 0.11) than in winter (BA = 0.04). This may be explained by the higher availability of smaller prey species like beaver, hare, small rodents and birds during the summer period. The diet pattern described for the sub sample of 10 Scandinavian territories did not differ from the pattern shown by the remaining sample. The interterritorial comparison showed a high similarity among the seasons as well. Only two territories located in areas with comparably high roe deer densities differed from the others with respect to moose : roe deer ratio determined by the analysis of summer and winter scats. In comparison to previous studies on the foraging ecology of wolves in Scandinavia, moose appeared to be even more frequently consumed, also in areas with high roe deer densities.
LEVELS OF THE PROSODIC HIERARCHY IN ENGLISH

A relationship between prosody on the one hand and syntax and semantics on the other is generally acknowledged. Prosody is also influenced by other factors, both linguistic and extra-linguistic. Previous studies have found support for either a mapping between syntactic and prosodic structure or the use of a listener-directed strategy to avoid ambiguity. The current study supports the view that syntactic structure is cued by prosody even in the absence of ambiguity. It also reports evidence of a prosodic phrase in English, called an Accentual Phrase, that is larger than a word and smaller than an intermediate phrase.
Emergency Detection Method using Motion History Image for a Video-based Intelligent Security System

This paper proposed a method that detects emergency situations in a video stream using MHI (Motion History Image) and template matching for a video-based intelligent security system. The proposed method creates a MHI of each human object through image processing technique such as background removing based on GMM (Gaussian Mixture Model), labeling and accumulating the foreground images, then the obtained MHI is compared with the existing MHI templates for detecting an emergency situation. To evaluate the proposed emergency detection method, a set of experiments on the dataset of video clips captured from a security camera has been conducted. And we successfully detected emergency situations using the proposed method. In addition, the implemented system also provides MMS (Multimedia Message Service) so that a security manager can deal with the emergency situation appropriately.
Impact of the pycnocline layer on bacterioplankton: diel and spatial variations in microbial parameters in the stratified water column of the Gulf of Trieste (Northern Adriatic Sea)

Die1 variations in bacterial density, frequency of bvidlng cells (FDC) and bssolved organic carbon (DOC) in the stratified water column of the Gulf of Trieste were investigated at various depths. In the surface layers morning and afternoon DOC peaks (up to 10 mg I' ) were observed in 3 out of 4 diel cycles. Bacterial abundance remained fairly constant over the diel cycles; however, bacterial activity as measured by FDC showed pronounced peaks in late afternoon and dawn coinciding with the DOC maximum concentrations. The pycnocline layer exhibited DOC concentrations similar to those of the overlying waters. The frequency of dividing cells (FDC), however, remained high throughout the entire diel cycle. The observed pronounced diel variations in bacterial production were therefore largely restricted to the layers well above the pycnocline; bacterial production contributed less than 20 % to the overall diel production (500 to 1000 pg C 1-' d-') in the uppermost 5 m water body. Highest diel production was found in the pycnocline layer at the end of the phytoplankton bloom (June and July) probably reflecting the formation of nutrient-enriched microzones around decaying phytoplankton cells due to reduced sinking velocities in the pycnocline layer. Additionally, FDC-based bacterial secondary production estimates were compared with in situ incubations of dlalysis bags filled with 2 pm filtered seawater for 24 h. Bacterial biomass product~on estimates based on FDC for the 5 and 10 m layer were 3 and 14 times higher, respectively. The observed variations of microbial parameters within different layers point to the importance of small-scale investigations in both time and space.
Prevalence of Couple Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Discordance, and Prevention of New HIV Infection in the Negative Partner in Enugu, South-East Nigeria

Background: A large number of cohabiting HIV discordant couples do not know each other’s HIV status. The negative partners are unknowingly very vulnerable to HIV infections in such settings. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of HIV discordance among cohabiting couples in Enugu, review the literature on their health challenges, and discuss how to prevent new HIV infection in the negative partners. Methods: This was a retrospective study. The Couple HIV Testing and Counseling (CHTC) register in Enugu State University Teaching Hospital; Enugu was evaluated from October 31, 2012 back to January 1, 2009. Relevant data was analyzed using Excel 2007 software, and presented in percentages. Results: A total of 387 (i.e. 774 sexual partners) couples accessed the CHTC. Twenty eight (28/774, 3.6%) partners opted out while 746 (746, 96.4%) were tested. One hundred and nineteen (119/373, 31.9%) couples were discordant, 185 (185/373, 49.6%) were concordant negative, while 69 (69/373, 18.5%) were concordant positive. Eighty one (81/119, 68.1%) of the discordant female partners tested positive while 38 (38/119, 31.9%) males tested positive. Conclusion: Many cohabiting couples in Enugu were HIV discordant. The HIV positive female partners were about twice the HIV positive male partners. The HIV negative partners in such health challenging settings are vulnerable to new HIV infections, and need protection to remain negative.
Small piece of paper -- going out, flying around the world: A preliminary discussion on the reproduction of Aboriginal creativity on postage stamps

In this thesis the use of Aboriginal designs on postage stamps is examined from an anthropological perspective. Firstly the ways in which Australia Post reached decisions to use Aboriginal designs is considered and the protocols for their use exammed. The theoretical ide'lS of Munn on the ownership of designs, and of Morphy and Keen pertaining to the "economy of knowledge" provides an approach for considering the topic. The archival work for the writing of this thesis was conducted in a s~ort visit to the archives of Australia Post. The research showed the practices of Australia Post with regard to using Aboriginal designs reflects the attitudes of anthropologists and museums toward Aboriginal creativity in the respective time periods. The research has also shown that over time whilst Australia Post initially consulted nonAboriginal experts and used non-Aboriginal designers Australia Post now consults with prominent Aboriginal peoplE and Aboriginal organisations. Australia Post now uses Aboriginal artists to provide designs that are featured on postage stamps. However, Australia Post does not yet appear to appreciate that while designs may be produced by individual artists, the designs are owned on a community basis with a range of people having varying rights. These rights include the right to produce the design, the right to discuss the meaning of the design in it cultural context and the right to restrict the use and discussion of a design. All of these points are central to tl '" notion of an "economy of knowledge" which is the overriding theme of this thesis.
Supporting primary teachers to teach physical education: continuing the journey

Little attention was paid to professional development of primary teachers in Ireland to support them in teaching physical education (PE) until 2004 when specific support was provided to help them implement the revised Primary Physical Education Curriculum. A significant National In-service Physical Education Programme was undertaken involving the preparation of a cohort of tutors who were to facilitate the programme to all primary teachers. This study focuses on the findings from a study of the effectiveness of the programme from the tutors’ and teachers’ perspectives beginning with the preparation of the tutors for facilitation of the programme. Elements of good practice emerged that can inform future policy with regard to support of primary teachers teaching PE within the constraints of funding. These include (1) the importance of quality preparation of tutors acknowledging the advantage of technology that may provide a new and cost effective way of supporting them, and (2) retaining the practical exploration of content by both tutors and teachers that prompts reflection on the nature and content of programmes of PE.
Anti-nutrients composition and mineral analysis of allium cepa ( onion ) bulbs

Allium cepa (onion) bulbs are used as spice in the preparation of virtually all meals in Nigeria, and some researchers had reported its medicinal values. This study was designed to estimate the anti-nutrients and mineral composition of this spice. Standard procedures were used for the analysis of antinutrients. Estimation of the various minerals was done using flame photometer and atomic absorption spectrophotometers. The result showed presence of cyanogenic glycosides, total oxalate, soluble oxalate, phytate and tannin and it was found that, all were in low concentration (8.64+0.05, 70.40+0.01, 44.00±0.02, 34.20±0.01 and 51.32±0.03 mg/100 g, respectively) showcasing the safety in consumption of this spice. Mineral analysis of the spice showed presence of Ca 2+ > Mg 2+ > Mn 2+ > K + > P _ > Na + > Fe 2+ in this decreasing order. The determination of Ca 2+ /P and Na + /K + indices provided evidence that onion bulb is a good source of ingredients for bone, teeth and muscle growth. It can also serve as a good source of diet for hypertensive patients respectively.
Implant - Supported , Fiber - Reinforced Bridge : From Guided Surgery to Immediate Loading

CASE PRESENTATION For several years, the patient, aged 76 years and presenting no medical contraindications to implantation, has been wearing a screw-retained, implant-supported bridge on the lower jaw, with fiber reinforcements of the Fiber Force® CST (Cable Stayed Technology) type instead of the standard practice rigid metal bars. Bruno Clunet-Coste DDS Dental Surgeon | Grenoble, France| bclunet@wanadoo.fr