Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Bibliometric Framework for Identifying “Princes” Who Wake up the “Sleeping Beauty” in Challenge-type Scientific Discoveries

Abstract Purpose This paper develops and validates a bibliometric framework for identifying the “princes” (PR) who wake up the “sleeping beauty” (SB) in challenge-type scientific discoveries, so as to figure out the awakening mechanisms, and promote potentially valuable but not readily accepted innovative research. (A PR is a research study.) Design/methodology/approach We propose that PR candidates must meet the following four criteria: (1) be published near the time when the SB began to attract a lot of citations; (2) be highly cited papers themselves; (3) receive a substantial number of co-citations with the SB; and (4) within the challenge-type discoveries which contradict established theories, the “pulling effect” of the PR on the SB must be strong. We test the usefulness of the bibliometric framework through a case study of a key publication by the 2014 chemistry Nobel laureate Stefan W. Hell, who negated Ernst Abbe’s diffraction limit theory, one of the most prominent paradigms in the natural sciences. Findings The first-ranked candidate PR article identified by the bibliometric framework is in line with historical facts. An SB may need one or more PRs and even “retinues” to be “awakened. ” Documents with potential awakening functionality tend to be published in prestigious multidisciplinary journals with higher impact and wider scope than the journals publishing SBs. Research limitations The above framework is only applicable to transformative innovations, and the conclusions are drawn from the analysis of one typical SB and her awakening process. Therefore the generality of our work might be limited. Practical implications Publications belonging to so-called transformative research, even when less frequently cited, should be given special attention as early as possible, because they may suddenly attract many citations after a period of sleep, as reflected in our case study. Originality/value The definition of PR(s) as the first paper(s) that cited the SB article (selfciting excluded) has its limitations. Instead, the SB-PR co-citations should be given priority in current environment of scholarly communication. Since the “premature” or “transformative” breakthroughs in the challenge-type SB documents are either beyond the current knowledge domain, or violate established paradigms, people’s psychological distance from the SB is larger than that from the PR, which explains why the annual citations of the PR are usually higher than those of the SB, especially prior to or during the SB’s citation boom period.
ω-Transaminases as Promising Biocatalysts for the Chiral Synthesis of β-Amino Acids

Diese Arbeit erortert die Enzyme-Familie der ω-Transaminasen (ω-TA), die eine stereoselektive Ubertragung einer Stickstoffgruppe von einem Amino-Donor auf ein Akzeptor Molekul (mit Keton/Aldehyd-Funktion) katalysieren. ω-Transaminasen sind von grosem Interesse fur viele pharmazeutische Prozesse und Synthese-Strategien, da selbige es ermoglichen, stickstoffhaltige Wirkstoffe enantiomerenrein zu produzieren. Die Dissertation, angefertigt im Rahmen des vom Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung geforderten Projektes Molecular Interaction Engineering (MIE), beschaftigte sich hierbei mit der Enzymherstellung und Modifikation am Beispiel der Synthese von β-Aminosauren sowie dem Abbau selbiger durch Mikroorganismen. Im Fokus dieser Arbeit stand daher die Transaminierung von β-Ketosauren/estern, das dafur notwendige Enzym Engineering, sowie die Charakterisierung und Katalogisierung der ω-Transaminase-Familie. Das primare Ziel war hierbei die Synthese des chiralen Paclitaxel-Bestandteils, β-Phenylalanine(ester), durch ω-Transaminasen demonstrieren. Zusammenfassend konnten in dieser Thesis folgende Punkte erreicht werden: o Die Proteinproduktion und Reinigung der ω-TA aus Variovorax paradoxus konnte durch Codon-Optimierung sowie Fast-protein-liquid-chromatography (FPLC) mittels Ni-NTA-Saulen verbessert werden und die Langzeitstabilitat konnte erhoht werden. o Auserdem konnte eine ω-Transaminase-Engineering-Datenbank (oTAED) als hilfreiche Basis fur das Transaminase Engineering etabliert werden. o Funktionelle Aminosaurepositionen in der V. paradoxus ω-TA wurden mutiert und die Auswirkungen auf die Aktivitat untersucht. o Durch gezielte Mutagenese konnte die Proteinstabilitat der ω-TA aus V. paradoxus unter gleichzeitigem Erhalt der Aktivitat verbessert werden. o Es konnten die Schwierigkeiten bei der Synthese von β-Phenylalanin (β-PA) durch eine Lipase-ω-TA Kaskadenreaktion erortert und gezeigt werden. Hierbei wurden alternative Syntheseweg vorgeschlagen und analysiert. o Es wurden zwei ω-TA fur die Synthese von (R)- sowie (S)-β-PA-Ethylester identifiziert durch Screening einer ω-TA Bibliothek. o Eine ω-TA (namentlich 3FCR_4M) zeigte Potenzial fur eine Masstabsvergroserung um den Faktor 200 fur die Synthese des (S)-β-PA-Ethylester (200 mL - 30 mM Produktkonzentration). o Der Abbau von β-PA durch zwei Bakterien konnte unter kontrollierten Bedingungen genauer analysiert werden. Dabei wurde erstmals der simultane Abbau beider Enantiomere einer β-Aminosaure durch ein Bakterium gezeigt, wobei neben der Transaminierung noch ein weiterer, bislang unbekannter Abbaumechanismus erfolgt.
The ascent of water-rich magma and decompression heating: A thermodynamic analysis

Abstract The ascent of hydrous, silica-rich magmas from the lower crust drives volcanic eruptions, builds the upper crust, and concentrates metals such as Cu, Au, and Mo into ore deposits. Owing to the negative slope of the melting curve for granitic materials in the presence of water, it has long been assumed that water-saturated magmas move into the subsolidus field and freeze upon ascent; therefore, for magma to rise it must be water-undersaturated at a temperature well above the solidus. This assumption ignores the considerable energy released by crystallization. Here I show that if magma ascent is treated as an adiabatic, reversible process, then water-saturated magma can rise to the surface, following the solidus to shallow depth and higher temperature as it undergoes modest crystallization and vapor exsolution. Decompression heating is an alternative to magma recharge for explaining pre-eruptive reheating seen in many volcanic systems and accounts for paradoxical growth of quartz during a heating event. The viscosity increase that accompanies vapor exsolution as magma rises to shallow depth explains why silicic magmas tend to stop in the upper crust rather than erupting, producing the observed compositional dichotomy between plutonic and volcanic rocks.
Restoring Mechano-adaptation In Aged Murine Bone

of the Dissertation Restoring mechano-adaptation in aged murine bone by Judith Piet Doctor of Philosophy in Bioengineering Northeastern University, March 2019 Dr Sandra Shefelbine, Adviser Osteoporosis is an age-related deterioration of bone mass and structure, which leads to debilitating and costly fractures. Bone is a dynamic tissue that adapts to external loads. In young and mature healthy bone, high loads promote bone formation by osteoblasts, and reduced loads promote bone resorption by osteoclasts. With age, a myriad of factors contribute to bone loss. In particular, the mechano-adaptive response is impaired in old bone, which is the focus of this thesis. The central idea behind this work is that old bone is lacking cells to respond to mechanical cues: compared to young bone, osteoclasts are more numerous and active, osteoblasts are fewer and less active, and mesenchymal stem cells in the marrow tend to differentiate into adipocytes rather than osteoblasts. In turn, osteoclastic resorption overtakes osteoblastic formation. This thesis used a mouse model to examine the decrease in mechano-adaptation in aged bone (over 20 months of age). The research questions underlying this thesis are the following: Is old bone capable of a robust osteogenic response? Can old bone be primed to increase the adaptive response to loading? This thesis used the in vivo tibial loading model to deliver controlled compressive loads, intense treadmill running to deliver physiological loading, and sciatic neurectomy to induce disuse. Marrow aspiration was used to alter marrow adipose content. Intermittent parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and IL-15 were injected to promote a potential systemic response. Bone’s response to mechanical and biochemical cues was analyzed with quantitative micro-CT imaging, histomorphometry, and 3-point bending tests.
A Context Aware COI Model

: The Unwanted and untimely interruptions have been a major cause in the loss of productivity in recent years as they are mostly disadvantageous to the immediate task at hand. The cost of interruption (COI) gives as a measure the probabilistic value of harmfulness of an inopportune interruption. Context accuracy and uncertainties both is not model for calculation while utilizing context information. Hence, Dempster-Shafer Theory of Evidence to model cost of information is introduced. In the studies it is given about different contexts necessary for interruption management applications. Dempster-Shafer theory is used to get a better measurement of whether to interrupt or not.
Finding of the macrophagous deep-sea ascidian Dicopia antirrhinum Monniot, 1972 (Chordata: Tunicata) in the Tyrrhenian Sea and updating of its distribution

Abstract This study reports the in situ observations of a deep-sea ascidian, Dicopia antirrhinum (family Octacnemidae), on the deep seabed off the Aeolian Islands (Tyrrhenian Sea), between 569 and 813 m depth. These observations represent the first record of the species in Italian waters and the second observation in vivo to date. Peculiar macroscopic features are described here and the main differences from other species of the family Octacnemidae are highlighted, in order to allow the future identification of D. antirrhinum through visual technologies such as remotely operated vehicles. A total of 29 specimens were observed, with a maximum density of 0.012 specimens/m2. The global geographic and bathymetric distribution of D. antirrhinum known so far is also updated and discussed.
FT-IR. CHROMATOGRAPHIC AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF SOME POLYPHENOLICS FROM ACETONE EXTRACT OFTHE LEAVES OF CHENOPODIUM AMBROSIOIDES LINN.

The leaf powder of Chenopodium ambrosioides (Linn) was extracted using 70% acetone. Gel column chromatography (CC) was carried out using toluene, acetone and formic acid, respectively, as the eluting solvents. CC fractions were monitored using thin layer chromatography (TLC) with acetone-toluene-formic acid (6:6:1) as the solvent system and were combined based on similarities of Rf values; the combined fractions were tested for polyphenols and FT-IR, as well as High power liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses for tannins was performed on them. Fractions that tested positive for tannins were tested for antimicrobial activities on Escherichia Coli, Salmonella Typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. The TLC analysis on the crude extract gave 8 spots ( Rf 0.88, 0.10, 0.16, 0.40, 0.41, 0.50,0.56 and 0.60). The CC analysis gave 10 combined fractions based on similarities of Rf values, out of which 5 (labelled F39, F48, F50, F55 and F68 recoded YFL, YJL, YDL,YEL and YLL, respectively) tested positive for polyphenolics. The FT-IR spectrum revealed broad and sharp peak due to polymeric OH stretch at 3333cm-1; C-H stretch of aromatic ring at 2931cm-1;. there bands at 1931 cm-1, 1718 cm-1 and 1619 cm-1 which could be attributed to C=C stretching of ketenes, C=O stretching of ketones and C=C stretch of aromatic system. HPLC showed that the five fractions were hydrolysable tannins (YFL and YEL at 280 nm, YDL at 272 nm, YJL and YLL at 273 nm). Both TLC and HPLC showed that fraction F39 was tannic acid. They were all active on E. Coli, S. typhi, S. aureus and C. albicans. KEY WORDS: Chromatography, Gram negative, Gram positive and Yeast
Can fecal calprotectin be a marker of allergic enterocolitis in infants and young children?

Aim of the study: Aim of this study was to evaluate whether fecal calprotectin (FC) can be used as non-invasive biomarker of allergic enterocolitis and be helpful in differentiating with other inflammatory gastrointestinal conditions. Material and methods: The retrospective study was performed on the group of 48 children, aged 1–36 months (mean 9.0 ±6.6) admitted to our Department for diagnostics of complaints from gastrointestinal tract. The inclusion criteria to analysis was the increased FC concentration (> 150 µg/g of stool) evaluated using ELISA method. Subjects were reviewed for the diagnosis, gastrointestinal symptoms, infectious parameters and allergic tests. The study group was then divided into three subgroups considering the cause of the increased FC concentration including 17 children with food allergy, 10 with infection and 14 with both of them. Seven children were excluded from the study due to the other diagnosis; 18 healthy, age comparable children, were qualified to the reference group. Results: FC concentration was significantly higher in the group of children with allergy (mean 892.3 ±791.4 µg/g, p < 0.001), infection (mean 742.2 ±900.7 µg/g, p = 0.046) and both diagnosis (mean 1088.7 ±528.3 µg/g, p < 0.001) in comparison to the reference group (mean 81.5 ±37.3 µg/g), but no significant statistical differences were found between subgroups regarding to the cause of gut inflammation ( p > 0.05). The main cause of infection was Staphylococcus aureus (50.0%); of allergy – cow’s milk. The concentration of C-reactive protein was higher in the group of children with infection compared to allergic patients (14.3 ±32.5 mg/l vs. 3.1 ±3.7 mg/l; p = 0.305). Conclusions: Food allergy as well as infection can be a cause of increased FC concentration. FC might only be useful as a screening test of allergic enterocolitis in infants and young children.
A NOVEL MODEL FOR TIMED EVENT EXTRACTION AND TEMPORAL REASONING IN LEGAL TEXT DOCUMENTS

Information Retrieval is in a nascent stage to provide any type of information queried by naive user. Question Answering System is one such successful area of Information retrieval. Legal Documents (case law, statute or transactional document) are increasing day by day with the new applications (Mobile transactions, Medical Diagnosis reports, law cases etc.) in the world. Documentation of various Business and Human Resource (HR) applications involve Legal documents. Analysis and temporal reasoning of such documents is a demanding area of research. In this paper we build a novel model for timed event extraction and temporal reasoning in legal text documents. This paper mainly works on “how one can do further reasoning with the extracted temporal information”. Exploring temporal information in legal text documents is an important task to support legal practitioner lawyer, in order to determine temporal based context decisions. Legal documents are available in different natural languages; hence it uses NLP System for pre-processing steps, Temporal constraint structure for temporal expressions, associated tagger, Post-Processor with a knowledge-based sub system helps in discovering implicit information. The resultant information resolves temporal expressions and deals with issues such as granularity, vagueness, and a reasoning mechanism which models the temporal constraint satisfaction network .
Absence of Replication fork associated factor CTF4 and F-box motif Encoding Gene SAF1 leads to reduction in Cell Size and Stress Tolerance Phenotype in S. cerevisiae

Chromosome transmission fidelity factor, Ctf4 in S. cerevisiae associates with replication fork and helps in the sister chromatid cohesion. At the replication fork, Ctf4 links DNA helicase with the DNA polymerase. The absence of Ctf4 invokes replication checkpoint in the cells. The Saf1 of S.cerevisiae interacts with Skp1 of SCF-E3 ligase though F box-motif and ubiquitinates the adenine deaminase Aah1 during phase transition due to nutrient stress. The genetic interaction between the CTF4 and SAF1 has not been studied. Here we report genetic interaction between CTF4 and SAF1 which impacts the growth fitness and response to stress. The single and double gene deletions of SAF1 and CTF4 were constructed in the BY4741 genetic background. The strains were tested for growth on rich media and media containing stress causing agents. The saf1Δctf4Δ cells with reduced cell size showed the fastest growth phenotype on YPD medium when compared with the saf1Δ, ctf4Δ, and WT. The saf1Δctf4Δ cells also showed the tolerance to MMS, NaCl, Glycerol, SDS, Calcofluor white, H2O2, DMSO, Benomyl, and Nocodazole when compared with the saf1Δ, ctf4Δ, and WT cells. However, saf1Δctf4Δ cells showed the sensitivity to HU when compared with WT and saf1Δ. Based on these observations we suggest that SAF1 and CTF4 interact genetically to regulate the cell size, growth and stress response.
A Massively Parallel Finite Element Framework with Application to Incompressible Flows

The incompressible Navier-Stokes equations describe the flow of Newtonian fluids or gases. They are used in many numerical simulations of flow problems. These simulations have become an important task in research and industrial applications.In the recent years, one can observe a trend regarding flow simulations: the demand for higher accuracy in the numerical resolution with the need to get the results faster. The underlying geometry is getting more complex and the accuracy requirements ask for discretizing with smaller and smaller cells. All this results in a dramatic increase in the problem size -- and therefore computational complexity and memory requirements -- that must be solved. Additionally, to achieve higher accuracy more elaborate physical models will be required in order to capture more phenomena from the real problem.To cope with this trend, one has basically two options: First, increase the computational power, i.e., using faster and bigger computers. The requirements can typically only be met by parallel machines. In return, the finite element software must be designed to explicitly to run efficiently on a parallel machine. Second, one can try to improve the efficiency of the algorithms and solvers.This thesis combines these two approaches by deriving, implementing, and verifying a massively parallel, generic finite element framework with adaptive mesh refinement and by developing a fast and robust solver for the linear saddle point problems arising from the discretization of incompressible flow problems taking advantage of a stabilization term known as Grad-Div stabilization.
Haze removal for aerial degraded images

For aerial images with poor contrast and color fidelity due to foggy and hazy weathers,this paper proposes a technique of haze removal for aerial degraded images based on the dark-channel prior and the physical model to improve the visibility of vision system in an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.From the viewpoints of image restoration and image enhancement,the optimized models of global haze removal and self-adapting contract extending are established,respectively.Using the method,a high quality haze-free image can be recovered and the thickness of the haze can be also established.The experimental results on a variety of outdoor haze images demonstrate that it can enhance the contrast and color definition of hazy degraded images fast and efficiently and can achieve satisfactory visual effects.Moreover,the method overcomes the Kaiming He's drawback of more time consuming,and the aver-age processing time is 10% that of the traditional method.It provides a theoretical reference for the real-time haze removal processing in engineering projects.
Compliant Biped Walking on Uneven Terrain with Point Feet

In this paper, we aim to realize compliant biped walking on uneven terrain with point feet. A control system is designed for a 5-link planar biped walker. According to the role that each leg plays, the control system is decomposed into two parts: the swing leg control and the support leg control. The trajectory of the swing foot is generated in real-time to regulate the walking speed. By considering the reaction torque of the swing leg's hip joint as disturbance, a sliding model controller is implemented at the support leg's hip joint to control the torso's posture angle. In order to make sure the landing foot does not rebound after impact, the vertical contact force control is set as the internal loop of the hip's height control. In simulation, the control system is tested on a virtual 5-link planar biped walker in Matlab. Finally, stable biped walking is realized on uneven terrain with roughness up to 2cm.
Combining ability and gene action of some tomato genotypes under low light condition

Limitations in access to electricity in rural areas and substantial cost of supplemental lightning necessitate breeding as response to low light conditions. Seven inbred lines of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) and their F1 hybrids, including reciprocals, developed through a 7×7 full diallel cross were evaluated under two different levels of light. Mean square for light (L) effect was significant for total yield, average fruit weight and days to first flower. Variation attributable to Genotypes and genotype × light (G×L) interaction had significant effect on all studied traits except days to ripening for which G×L interaction was not significant. Diallel analysis across two environments indicated that general (GCA), specific (SCA) and reciprocal combining ability (REC) were significant for all characters implying importance of additive and non-additive gene action along with cytoplasmic effects on genetic expression of yield, yield components and earliness. Ratio of SCA variance to SCA variance and estimates of narrow sense heritability (h2n.s) demonstrated higher weight of additive effects in inheritance of yield, fruit number and days to ripening, while indicating predominance of non-additive effects for fruit weight and early flowering. Interactions GCA×L and SCA×L were significant for almost all studied features. A particular genotype could not be recommended for all traits, but variation among genotypes in response to ambient light was promising for feasibility of plant breeding for non-optimal light intensity and duration.
Bilayer tellurene–metal interfaces

Tellurene, an emerging two-dimensional chain-like semiconductor, stands out for its high switch ratio, carrier mobility and excellent stability in air. Directly contacting the 2D semiconductor materials with metal electrodes is a feasible doping means to inject carriers. However, Schottky barrier often arises at the metal–semiconductors interface, impeding the transport of carriers. Herein, we investigate the interfacial properties of BL tellurene by contacting with various metals including graphene by using ab initio calculations and quantum transport simulations. Vertical Schottky barriers take place in Ag, Al, Au and Cu electrodes according to the maintenance of the noncontact tellurene layer band structure. Besides, a p-type vertical Schottky contact is formed due to the van der Waals interaction for graphene electrode. As for the lateral direction, p-type Schottky contacts take shape for bulk metal electrodes (hole Schottky barrier heights (SBHs) ranging from 0.19 to 0.35 eV). Strong Fermi level pinning takes place with a pinning factor of 0.02. Notably, a desirable p-type quasi-Ohmic contact is developed for graphene electrode with a hole SBH of 0.08 eV. Our work sheds light on the interfacial properties of BL tellurene based transistors and could guide the experimental selections on electrodes.