Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Monitoring of inorganic ions, carbonaceous matter and mass in ambient aerosol particles with online and offline methods

Abstract. Year-long high timeresolution measurements of major chemical components in atmospheric sub-micrometer particles were conducted at an urban background station in Finland 2006–2007. Ions were analyzed using a particle-into-liquid sampler combined with an ion chromatograph (PILS-IC), organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC) by using a semicontinuos OC/EC aerosol carbon analyzer (RT-OCEC), and PM2.5 mass with a tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM). Long time series provides information on differences between the used measurement techniques as well as information about the diurnal and seasonal changes. Chemical mass closure was constructed by comparing the identified aerosol mass with the measured PM2.5. The sum of all components measured online (ions, particulate organic matter (POM), EC) represented only 65% of the total PM2.5 mass. The difference can be explained by the difference in cutoff sizes (PM1 for online measurements, PM2.5 for total mass) and by evaporation of the semivolatile/volatile components. In general, some differences in results were observed when the results of the continuous/semicontinuous instruments were compared with those of the conventional filter samplings. For non-volatile compounds, like sulfate and potassium, correlation between the filter samples and the PILS was good but greater differences were observed for the semivolatile compounds like nitrate and ammonium. For OC the results of the RT-OCEC were on average 10% larger than those of the filters. When compared to filter measurements, high resolution measurements provide important data on short pollution plumes as well as on diurnal changes. Clear seasonal and diurnal cycles were observed for nitrate and EC.
Quantitative aspects of phosphorus absorption and excretion in sheep

The aim of the present study was to compile data from previous studies dealing with true digestibility of different phosphorous (P) sources for sheep. The database consisted of results from some experiments carried out at the Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agri culture (CENA/USP, Piracicaba, Brazil), using sheep fed different sources of P: dicalcium phosphate (n = 14); monoammonium phosphate (n = 12); triple superphosphate (n = 12); bone meal (n = 28); rock phosphates (n = 32). True absorption of phosphorus was determined by the isotopic dilution technique. All parameters (PING: ingested P; PABS: absorbed P; PFECTOT: total faecal P excretion; PFECENDO: endogenous faecal P; PFECNABS: dietary non absorbed P; and PRET: retained P) were normalized according to dry matter intake (DMI) and linear regressions between PING and the other parameters were tested. Excretion of P was affected by intake. Endogenous fraction of faecal P (PFECENDO) was not affected by PING. The present study showed that only 0.37 of ingested P was absorbed, i.e. about two thirds of ingested P were excreted via faeces, contributing to environment al pollution. Some sources of phosphorus can, in the long term, promote environmental damages due to their low availability for the animals.
Community Intervention Strategies to Youth Alcoholism: A Case of Kinyago Village, Gatundu District, Kenya.

The intensity of alcohol abuse in Kenya has been a major concern in recent years, more so affecting the youth. Alcoholism continues to affect many families in Kenya usually leaving entire families deeply divided. In many parts of central Kenya, alcoholism has been blamed on the decreasing birth rates. It is therefore evident that if this problem is not checked, the entire society will crumble. This study focused on the youth aged between ages 15-25 years and was carried out in Kinyago Village, Gatundu District, where the problem of youth alcoholism was noted as highly prevalent. The study set out to find out the extent to which alcoholism affects the productivity of the youth, and to understand how the youth cope with the challenges of alcoholism in Kinyago village, Gatundu District. Survey research design was used in this study. Simple random sampling was used to gather a total of 140 respondents. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from the youth and unstructured interviews collected data from the key informants. The raw data collected were processed using the SPSS statistical package; both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Results indicated that the community and government were making attempts in mitigating the effects of alcoholism among the youth. Some of the methods used to curb youth alcoholism include police raids (21%), parents’ talks (16%), Youth fund (14%), chiefs’ barazas 13%, and games tournaments (5%) among others.
RAPD FINGERPRINTING: USE IN THE ANALYSIS OF MEDITERRANEAN POPULATIONS OF EUROPEAN FALLOW DEER, DAMA DAMA LINNAEUS, 1758 (MAMMALIA, ARTIODACTYLA)

The aim of the present paper is to present a preliminary genetic survey of the fallow deer (Dama dama L., 1758) population of the island of Rhodes (Greece) in order to verify its genetic variability. Italian population specimens were chosen as a control group because, as can be ascertained from literature, they have a very low level of variability. The analysis was carried out on hair samples obtained from each population. It was performed on a PCR modified method called RAPD which is based on the amplification of genomic DNA by using a single oligonucleotide of random sequence as a primer. The results of the analysis of the Rhodian specimens show clearly the presence of polymorphic individuals, absent in the Italian deer sampled.
Minimum Free Energy Based Evaluation of mRNAs Secondary Structures Constructed by 18 Clinically Significant Exonic Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and Haplotypes of 5 Missense SNPs of RB1 Gene

Clinically significant 18 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) from exon regions of Retinoblastoma gene (RB1) were analyzed to find out the structural variations in mRNAs. Online bioinformatic tools i.e., Vienna RNA, RNAfold were used for secondary structure analysis of mRNAs. Predicted minimum Free Energy Change (MFE) was calculated for mRNAs structures. It has been observed that the average of predicted MFE value from 13 nonsense mutations was higher (0.76 kcal/mol) in comparison to 5 missense mutations. Presumably, 13 nonsense mutations are responsible for Nonsense Mediated mRNA Decay (NMD), therefore, excluded from haplotype analysis. From the statistical analysis all the thermodynamic data obtained from four SNP haplotypes are significant (p≤0.05), followed by three-SNP haplotype data except Ensemble diversity (p≤0.10). Interestingly, MEF of Centroid Secondary Structure is highly significant (p≤0.01) in all the cases (Two-SNP haplotypes, Three-SNP haplotypes and Four-SNP haplotypes).
Character-based Neural Machine Translation

Out of vocabulary words are still an open problem in translation systems. The aim of this work is trying to solve the problem of a limited vocabulary using translation levels smaller than words (e.g: characters). We want to take advantage of characteristics like word compounding, morphological and semantical properties to try to translate unknown words from sub-word units already known. This way the translation model is not only able to deal with unseen words but also it will be capable of generating new words not seen during the training phase.
For Your Citations Only? Hot Topics in Bibliometric Analysis

This is an important point (Veugelers, this issue): As in all empirical research, one has to know not only “what” is measured, but also “with what” one is measuring. In other words, one has to know the characteristics of the measuring instrument. In this context, it is crucial to realize that the “bibliometric instrument” can be used for two main tasks: the evaluation of research performance (Garfield, 1979), and the study of science as a knowledge-generating and communication system and its interaction with technology (Feller, this issue; Veugelers, this issue). For a proper application of bibliometric indicators, the technical system on which these indicators are based must, first of all, be sufficiently advanced and sophisticated. A short discussion of several crucial technical issues that also illustrate the limitations of bibliometric analysis is given in Intermezzo 1. Methodological issues are under discussion in most of the further comments in this rejoinder. For a detailed, general discussion on the validity and reliability of evaluation of scholarly performance, I refer to Nederhof (1988). MEASUREMENT, 3(1), 50–62 Copyright © 2005, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Revenue Diversification: Non-Traditional Sources of Development Finance as Game Changers in Africa

It goes without saying that Africa needs a significant quantum of resources to address its development challenges. The World Bank estimates Africa’s infrastructure needs at USD 93 billion per annum and we estimate the social sector development needs at USD 109 billion per annum. We also find that the major sources of development finance in Africa are exhibiting either a declining or a constant trend. This, therefore, calls for significant increases in the fiscal space in which non-traditional sources of development finance can be game changers. This study discusses five sources of financing that are currently used by a relatively small number of African countries in spite of their potential to increase their fiscal space. Diaspora bonds, carbon sequestration and trading, renewable energy and Islamic finance, as sources of development finance are not traditional to many African countries. Tourism is traditional to all African countries, but is not optimally leveraged as in other parts of the world. We argue that African countries are not looking at the full range of options that could be available to them to increase the development finance space. We therefore argue that African policy makers should embark on revenue diversification to include non-traditional sources that could be game changers in their development finance mix.
Surface roughness influences Candida albicans biofilm formation on denture materials

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the influences of surface roughness (SR) of denture base and liner materials on Candida albicans biofilm formation. Methods: Discs were fabricated using poly (methyl methacrylate) acrylic resin and poly(ethyl methacrylate) denture liner, according to manufacturers’ instructions. Both acrylic resin and relined discs were finished or finished + polished and the SR was measured. Discs were saliva-coated, and C. albicans biofilms were developed on such surfaces for 48 hours. Biofilms were evaluated for cell counts, metabolic activity, and structural characteristics. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests using a significance level of 5%. Results: Finished acrylic resin and denture liner discs had higher SR compared to finished + polished discs (P 0.05). Bulky, thick and less rough biofilms were formed on only finished denture materials (P<0.05). Confocal images reveal increased presence of black spaces for biofilms developed on finished + polished discs. Conclusion: Reduced SR resulted in decreased C. albicans biofilm accumulation on both denture materials.
Consumer Food Safety Concerns And Fresh Produce Consumption

The linear approximation of an almost ideal demand system model was used to measure the impacts of prices, expenditures, and consumer food safety concerns on the consumption of 14 major fresh produce categories in the United States for the period 1970-92. The changes in fresh produce consumption due to food safety concerns was calculated. The results indicate that risk information has not had a significant impact on the consumption of most of the fresh produce items studied.
Resistive Switching in SiO x-Based Systems

Resistive Switching in SiOx-Based Systems by Jun Yao Voltage-controlled resistive switching in various gap systems on SiC>2 substrates is demonstrated. The nanosized gaps are made by several means using different materials including metals, semiconductors and amorphous carbon. The switching site is further reduced in size by using multi-walled carbon nanotubes and single-walled carbon nanotubes. The switching in all the gap systems shares the same characteristics. This independence of switching on the material compositions of the electrodes, accompanied by observable damage to the SiC>2 substrate at the gap region, bespeaks the intrinsic switching from post-breakdown SiCh. It calls for caution when studying resistive switching in nanosystems on oxide substrates, since oxide breakdown extrinsic to the nanosystem can mimic resistive switching. Meanwhile, the devices show promising memory properties. The observed intermediate states reveal the filamentary nature of the switching. The switching is further explored in a vertical representation as potential candidate for high-density memory applications.
Is the Karman Mode the Least Stable Mode Below the Critical Re

Flow past a circular cylinder looses stability at Re ~ 47 via Hopf bi-furcation. The eigenmode responsible for the instability leads to the von Karmanvortex shedding. In this work the linear stability of the flow to other modes, near thecritical Re, is investigated. In particular, the study explores the possibility of modesother than the Karman mode having the largest growth rate for Re < Recr. To this extent, global linear stability analysis (LSA) of the steady flow past a circular cylin-der is carried out for Re = 45 and 48. In addition to the Karman modes, two othermodes are tracked. The eigenvalue of one of the m is associated with a very small imaginary part; the mode is referred to as the St → 0 mode. The Strouhal number, St, is the non-dimensional vortex shedding frequency and is related to the imagi-nary part of the eigenvalue. The other mode is real and is referred to as the St = 0mode. The modes also differ in regard to their symmetry about the wake centerline.Unlike the Karman mode, the two modes are very sensitive to the spatial extent ofthe computational domain. Computations are carried out with domains of varyingspatial extent and their results are utilized to estimate the growth rate and St for theunbounded flow. All the modes are stable for the Re = 45 flow. Of the three modes,the Karman mode is most stable. Interestingly, the St → 0 mode is found to beleast stable. For the Re = 48 flow, the St → 0 mode is most stable followed by the St = 0 mode. The computations are utilized to determine the least stable mode forvarious Re. The Karman mode has the largest growth rate for Re ≥ 47.05 while the St → 0 mode is the least stable mode for Re ≤ 46.59. The St = 0 mode dominates for 46.59 < Re < 47.05. The results from the LSA are confirmed via direct timeintegration (DTI) of the linearized equations.
Analysis of Phenomenon at Quantum Capacitance Limit of SNWFET using FETToy

In The proposed paper several interesting phenomenon that happens at Quantum Conductance Limit (QCL) like transconductance of One Dimensional-Silicon Nano Wire Field Effect Transistor (1D-SNWFET), mobile electron density and injection velocity is studied and simulated using Fettoy simulation tool. The selected gate material in silicon nanowire field effect transistor is SiO2 with K=3.9 and HFO2 with K=20. A coaxial SNWFET is simulated and the results illustrate the essential physics and peculiarities of 1D nanowire FETs, such as the saturation of channel conductance at full degenerate limit and the saturation of transconductance at the quantum capacitance limit and the full degenerate limit.
SECURE VALIDATING AND CAPABLE RANKED KEYWORD SEARCH OVER OUTSOURCED CLOUD DATA

Cloud computing economically enables the paradigm of data service outsourcing. However, to protect data privacy, sensitive cloud data have to be encrypted before outsourced to the commercial public cloud, which makes effective data utilization service a very challenging task. Although traditional searchable encryption techniques allow users to securely search over encrypted data through keywords, they support only Boolean search and are not yet sufficient to meet the effective data utilization need that is inherently demanded by the large amount of users and huge amount of data files in cloud. In this paper, we defined and solve the problem of secure ranked keyword search over encrypted cloud data. Ranked search greatly enhances system usability by enabling search result relevance ranking instead of sending undifferentiated results, and further ensures the file retrieval accuracy. Specially, we explore the statistical measure approach, i.e., relevance score, from information retrieval to build a secure searchable index, and develop a one-to-many order-preserving mapping technique to properly protect those sensitive score information. The resulting design is able to facilitate efficient server-side ranking without losing keyword privacy. Thorough analysis shows that our proposed solution enjoys “as-strong-as-possible” security guarantee compared to previous searchable encryption scheme, while correctly realizing the goal of ranked keyword search. Extensive experiment results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed solution.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work Title Black strings in asymptotically plane wave geometries Permalink

We present a class of black string spacetimes which asymptote to maximally symmetric plane wave geometries. Our construction will rely on a solution generating technique, the null Melvin twist, which deforms an asymptotically flat black string spacetime to an asymptotically plane wave black string spacetime while preserving the event horizon.
Symmetry relations of two-dimensional photonic crystal cavity modes

Degeneracy of resonant modes in two-dimensional (2-D) photonic crystal cavities are investigated using the symmetry relations. The 2-D photonic crystal cavity tends to have either a pair of doubly degenerate modes or nondegenerate modes. We derive simple relations between degenerate modes without using a rigorous group theory. These relations are useful for classifying the resonant modes into degenerate pairs and nondegenerate ones.
Over- and Underdispersion Models

This chapter explores some count statistical models, which are tied to the phenomenon of over-/equi-/underdispersion. This concerns many fields in applied statistics, including public health, medicine, and epidemiology. In general, one says o v e r d i s p e r s i o n if the observed variability exceeds the expected variability and u n d e r d i s p e r s i o n if it is lower than expected; sometimes, e q u i d i s p e r s i o n means there is no discrepancy between both variabilities. For example, when applying generalized linear models (e.g., [69,73]) with a known scale or dispersion parameter, there are two possible scenarios to examine the quality of the fitting model through the similarity of residual deviance and residual degrees of freedom: standard model diagnostics (e.g., outliers, omitted terms or variables in the linear predictor, incorrect relationship between mean and explanatory variables) and the phenomenon of overunderdispersion (i.e., the empirical variance or variation may be greater/smaller than that predicted by model). The second scenario is of interest to us and it was observed a long time ago in the particular case of the Poisson model [103; see also 32]. Overdispersion considered as a burden by statisticians is most frequent than underdispersion hardly noticed, in several domains of statistics for which we can be inspired by it for clinical trials; see, for example, [2-23,28-32,36-40,65-122].
Spectral Element Numerical Investigation of Flow between Three Cylinders in an Equilateral-Triangular Arrangement with Different Spacing Distances

Two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are numerically solved using the high resolution spectral element method at Reynolds number 200. The flow between three cylinders in an equilateral-triangular arrangement is investigated. The center-to-center spacing distance ratio between two circular cylinders is varied from 1.5 to 12. Present numerical results show that the flow patterns and force characteristics are the result of the combined effects of Reynolds number, spacing distance, configuration arrangement, and incident angle. For the small spacing distance ratio of 1.5, the well-known biased flow phenomenon in the gap of downstream cylinders is found. And the biased flow is bistable in our study but not monostable. A small spacing distance means lower Strouhal number, drag, and root-mean-square lift coefficients. In the medium spacing distance ratio of 4.0, the suppressed effect of vortex shedding for the presence of the side-by-side downstream cylinders disappeared. Mean drag coefficients of downstream cylinders are basically identical to the value of flow past around a single circular cylinder. For the large spacing distance ratio of 8.0, the effects between three cylinders basically disappeared. The mean drag and lift coefficients, root-mean-square lift coefficients, and Strouhal number of three cylinders are essentially equivalent to those values of a single circular cylinder.
The Role of Psychological Empowerment and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors on Employee Resistance to Change

In today’s competitive business world, change is inevitable for organizations. During an organizational change, the toughest challenge of organizational leaders is to manage employee resistance to change. It is well established in literature that employee resistance is one of the leading causes for the failure of organizational change efforts. The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of psychological empowerment and organizational citizenship behaviors on employee resistance to change. It also investigates if psychological empowerment can be used as a human resource management strategy during a planned change in order to increase commitment to change. The study took place in Turkey in a private company which went under a strategic organizational change recently. Survey collection from employees and interviews with two human resource managers were the main tools in collecting information. The results from 85 respondents showed that both psychological empowerment and organizational citizenship behaviors have significant negative influence on employee resistance to change. The interview results showed that through psychological empowerment, employees were more involved in change process, took active role in decision making and were more committed to the change. The implications of the study can be used by organizational change practitioners to maintain employees’ positive reactions to change by considering psychological empowerment and organizational citizenship behaviors as a tool to lower the level of resistance.