Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ecologia da Polinização de Inga striata (Benth.) (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae) em um remanescente de Mata Atlântica no Nordeste do Brasil

Miller (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae) possui cerca de 300 especies com distribuicao neotropical [1]. Pouco se conhece sobre a ecologia da polinizacao de suas especies, mas a maioria parece ter flores com antese noturna e ser polinizada por morcegos (quiropterofilas) ou por esfingideos (esfingofilas) [2,3,4]. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a ecologia da polinizacao, a fenologia reprodutiva e vegetativa e o sistema reprodutivo de
Producing Quail for Home Consumption

The bobwhite is the best known quail and preferred by many consumers. However, the large strains of coturnix (Japanese) quail have become popular. These birds are larger, hardier and reach slaughter weight much earlier than most bobwhite strains. Texas A&M University researchers have developed a heavily muscled, light-fleshed coturnix strain that attains a live weight of 10 to 13 ounces at slaughter age of 7 weeks. Smaller coturnix strains yield small, dark-fleshed carcasses less desirable as a gourmet item.
Low CD40 Expression Levels in Leishmania Infantum-Infected Bone Marrow Dendritic Cells Evoke Regulatory Responses by Down-Regulating Interleukin-12 Production: Role of ERK1/2

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role in promoting resistance to leishmaniasis, both by activating CD4+ T cells and endorsing their differentiation into Th1 cells by producing interleukin (IL)-12. High level of IL-12 production, a decisive component of the DC maturation, requires not only microbial stimuli but also strong CD40-CD40L interactions. Until now, the mechanisms by which Leishmania (L.) infantum parasites affect DC functional maturation and consequently T cell polarization are not fully understood. In the present study, we investigated the response that is elicited when L. infantum promastigote-infected bone marrow-derived DCs (BM-DCs) to CD40 engagement and this way mimicking DC-T cells interactions at the early stages of infection. We found that L. infantum promastigotes-infected BM-DCs following CD40 engagement were capable of inducing significant amounts of TNF-α and IL-10, whereas IL-12 production remained unaffected compared to infected untreated cells. Interestingly, infected BM-DCs did not up-regulate CD40 surface expression. On the other hand, BM-DC stimulation with soluble Leishmania antigen (SLA) resulted not only in significant increase of co-stimulatory molecule expression but also IL-12 and IL-10 production. CD40 engagement on L. infantum-infected BM-DCs sustained ERK1/2 activation induced by the parasite alone. Inhibition of ERK1/2 activation with the use of PD98059 inhibitor prior to CD40 engagement on L. infantum-infected BM-DCs resulted in significant up-regulation of p38 MAPK phosphorylation and IL-12 production, whereas it did not affect TNF-α and IL-10 production. These findings suggest that L. infantum has evolved specific strategies to avoid efficient DC-T cell interactions by suppressing CD40 expression and consequently leading CD40 signaling pathways to ERK1/2 activation.
Fishes That Swim Heads to Tails in Single File

THAT the higher animals follow their leaders heads to tails, all who are country bred know from having seen sheep jumping over a fence or a fallen tree. But that the hindermost of any animals, other than elephants in a parade, lays hold of the tail of the preceding animal and so forms a living chain, short or long, may be a new thing. Yet in Junior Natural History there was recently published a charming picture of a baby polar bear which, tired of swimming, had with its mouth laid hold of its mother's stubby tail and was thus getting a tow through the icy water. Other like instances might be noted, but they will make another story-for another time and another hand. That fishes form living chains will strike the reader as something out of the ordinary, but it is true. Furthermore the earliest account goes far back in antiquity, the head-tail habit in fishes being mentioned by three ancient writers. The first of these is Ovid (43 B.C.-17 A.D.) who writes of this habit in the Scarus, of which the classical writers alleged that it never deserts its fellow fish. The account is found in his "Halieuticon," lines 9-17. The Latin is very difficult and the matter not clear even in Bostock and Riley's translation in their version of Pliny's Natural History (Vol. II, Bk. IX, chap. 29, footnote to Scarus). It reads thus:
The Regulation of Ontogenetic Diversity in Papaveraceae Compound Leaf Development

The leaf is almost ubiquitous throughout land plants but due to its complex and flexible developmental program is highly morphologically variable between taxa. Description of the functions of regulatory genes key to leaf development in different evolutionary lineages allows the study of changes in developmental mechanisms through evolutionary time as a means for anatomical and morphological diversification. The roles of homologs of CINCINNATA -like TCP family genes, ARP genes, and Class I KNOX genes were investigated in two members of the Papaveraceae, a basal eudicot lineage positioned in between major angiosperm groups, by phylogenetic analysis, in situ hybridization, expression profiling by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and virus-induced gene silencing in Eschscholzia californica and Cysticapnos vesicaria . Expression data were similar to those for homologous genes in core eudicot species, however, some gene functions found in core eudicots were not associated with basal eudicot homologs, and so have either been gained or lost from the ancestral state. This reflects the dynamism of the leaf developmental plan and its diversification through evolution.
Study on ion absorption of muskmelon seedlings under NaCl stress

The absorbability and distributions of Na~+,K~+,Ca~(2+) and Cl~- in different organs of two muskmelon vari- eties,Huanghemi and Baishami,were investigated under NaCl stress in artificially controlled conditions.The results in- dicated that Na~+ and Cl~- contents in different organs increased quickly as the severity of NaCl stress rose.However,K~+ content in different organs decreased,Ca~(2+) content also decreased in leaves,but it increased in roots.And Na~+/K~+ ra- tio was enhanced in different organs and Na~+/Ca~(2+) ratio was enhanced in leaves with the NaCl concentration increasing. Under NaCl stress,the increase of Na~+ content in stems and leaves,the increase of Cl~- content in stems,leaves and roots,the decrease in K~+ and Ca~(2+) in stems,leaves and roots,,and seedling fresh weight of Huanghemi were all lower than those of Baishami.The results suggested that the effects of NaCl stress on selective uptake and transport ability of Huanghemi for K~+ and Ca~(2+) were less than Baishami,and Huanghemi had the stronger salt tolerance and salt adaptabili- ty than Baishami.
Inter- and intra-individual differences in fluid reasoning show distinct cortical responses

Fluid intelligence is a general cognitive ability associated with problem solving in the absence of task-specific knowledge. Neuroscientific studies of fluid intelligence have studied both fluid intelligence tasks of varying difficulty and individual differences in fluid intelligence ability, but have failed to appropriately distinguish the two dimensions. Here we use task-based fMRI (N=34) to show that within and between subject dimensions show both partial overlap and widespread differences. Individuals with higher ability showed widespread increased activity including bilateral frontoparietal systems, whereas more difficult items were associated with more focal activity increases in middle frontal gyri, frontal poles and superior frontal poles. Finally, we show that when difficulty is equated across individuals, those with higher ability tend to show more fronto-parietal activity, whereas low fluid intelligence individuals tend to show greater activity in higher visual areas. The fMRI and behavioural data for our paper are freely available in online repositories.
Inhibitory Effects of Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews Extracts on VEGF Binding to VEGF Receptor

Tumor angiogenesis is a critical step f3r the growth and metastasis of solid tumors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most important angiogenic molecule associated with tumor-induced neovascularization. VEGF exerts its activity through binding to its receptor tyrosine kinase, KDR/Flk-1, expressed on the surface of endothelial cells. This study was carried out to investigate inhibitory effect of extracts from root cortex of Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews on VEGF binding to VEGF receptor. The MeOH extract from P. suffrutiocosa Andr. inhibited the binding of KDR/Flk-1-Fc to immobilized VEGF more than 45% at the concentration of 100 g/mL. The MeOH extract was further fractionated into n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-BuOH, and aqueous fractions. Among the four fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction from the root cortex of P. suffruticosa Andr. exhibited highly effective inhibition ( 79% inhibition) and then n-BuOH fraction ( 45% inhibition) on the binding of KDR/Flk-1-Fc to immobilized VEGF at the concentration of 100 g/mL. The ethyl acetate fraction from the root cortex of P. suffruticosa Andr. more efficiently blocked VEGF-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation, than the growth of HT1080 human fibrosarcoma. Our results suggest that P. suffruticosa Andr. may be used as a candidate fur developing anti-angiogenic agent.
Genetic variation in IL-28B and spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus

Objective Single nucleotide-polymorphisms(SNPs),close to the interleukin-28(IL-28B) gene,have been associated with spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus in acute hepatitis C patients in a heterogeneous population.The authors analyzed the association between IL-28B and spontaneous clearance of acute hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection in China.Methods A total of 122 HCV-infected persons were enrolled in the study.The rs12979860,rs8099917,rs10853728,rs12980275,rs4803219,rs4803223 and rs8105790 were detected by PCR and sequencing.They were compared between spontaneously cleared HCV and chronically infected group,and different level of HCV RNA in chronically infected patients.Results Patients who spontaneously cleared HCV were younger than chronically infected group;spontaneous clearance rate of rs12979860 genotype CC/CT,rs8099917 genotype TT/TG,rs10853728 genotype CC/CG,rs12980275 genotype AA/AG,rs4803219 genotype CC/CT,rs4803223 genotype AA/AG,rs8105790 genotype TT/TC were not significantly different(22.9% vs 7.7%,P=0.146;22% vs 9.1%,P=0.279;22.7% vs 14.9%,P=0.293;22.7% vs 8.3%,P=0.196;22.2% vs 8.7%,P=0.238;16.7% vs 30.8%,P=0.109;23.2% vs 7.4%,P=0.123). Conclusion No significant difference in IL-28B polymorphisms was found between the two groups.However,the age of infection was associated with spontaneous clearance.
Effects of Zingiber officinale as Feed Additive on the Common Carp Body Composition

The present study was conducted to evaluate the use of ginger powder in diet of common carp, Cyprinus capio (27±3 gr). Different levels of the plant powder (0, 0.25.0.5, 1 and 2 gr / per 100gr food) were spread on commercial diet. The feed was offered by 8 weeks. Results showed that fish fed experimental diets had no significant difference (P>0.05) in amount of NFE, but have significant difference in protein, lipid, ash, moisture percent and kcal energy from different diet (p<0.05) while in kruskal-wallis test illustrated significant difference in amount of carbohydrate and body fiber (p<0.05). So, the best results in amount of protein, lipid, and energy shown in maximum dosage of ginger powder in carp commercial diet and low amount of them shown in control group. There were high amount of carbohydrate and low amount of fiber in control group. There was the lack of fiber in control group and upper level of ash in the third treatment. So, this study presents that; to be improving the body composition of common carp we use the herbal medicine like Ginger powder in their commercial diets.
The genease activity of mung bean nuclease: fact or fiction?

The action of Mung Bean Nuclease (MBN) on DNA makes it possible to clone intact gene fragments from genes of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium. This “genease” activity has provided a foundation for further investigation of the coding elements of the Plasmodium genome. MBN has been reported to cleave genomic DNA of Plasmodium preferentially at positions before and after genes, but not within gene coding regions. This mechanism has overcome the difficulty encountered in obtaining genes with low expression levels because the cleavage mechanism of the enzyme yields sequences of genes from genomic DNA rather than mRNA. However, as potentially useful as MBN may be, evidence to support its genease activity comes from analysis of a limited number of genes. It is not clear whether this mechanism is specific to certain genes or species of Plasmodia or whether it is a general cleavage mechanism for Plasmodium DNA . There have also been some projects (Nomura et al., 2001;van Lin, Janse, and Waters, 2000) which have identified MBN generated fragments which contain fragments of genes with both introns and exons, rather than the intact genes expected from MBN-digestion of genomic DNA, which raises concerns about the efficiency of the MBN mechanism in generating complete genes. Using a large-scale, whole genome mapping approach, 7242 MBN generated genome survey sequences (GSSs) have been mapped to determine their position relative to coding sequences within the complete genome sequences of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum and the incomplete genome of a rodent malaria
Non-Invasive Ventilation in Neonatology.

BACKGROUND Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) has been replaced by early continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm infants aiming to reduce the rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Subsequently, modern non-invasive ventilation strategies (NIV) were introduced into clinical practice with limited evidence of effects on pulmonary and neurodevelopmental outcomes. METHODS We performed a selective literature search in PubMed including randomized controlled trials (RCT) (n ≥ 200) and meta-analyses published in the field of NIV in neonatology and follow-up studies focusing on long term pulmonary and neurodevelopmental outcomes. RESULTS Individual studies do not show a significant risk reduction for the combined endpoint death or BPD in preterm infants caused by early CPAP in RDS when compared to primary intubation. One meta-analysis comparing four studies found CPAP significantly reduces the risk of BPD or death (relative risk: 0.91; 95% confidence interval [0.84;0.99]). Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) as a primary ventilation strategy reduces the rate of intubations in infants with RDS (RR: 0.78 [0.64;0.94]) when compared to CPAP but does not affect the rate of BPD (RR: 0.78 [0.58;1.06]). CONCLUSION Early CPAP reduces the need for IMV and the risk of BPD or death in preterm infants with RDS. NIPPV may offer advantages over CPAP regarding intubation rates. Networking-based follow-up programs are required to assess the effect of NIV on long term pulmonary and neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Spring migration of the Knot Calidris c. canutus over southern Scandinavia, as recorded by radar

The bird migration pattern in June in southern Scandinavia was analysed on the basis of registrations from six years 1986-1991 by a long-range surveillance radar located in Scania, southern Sweden. The timing of migration, field observations and identification of some echoes suggested that mainly Knots Calidris c. canutus, on their way between the Wadden Sea and breeding grounds along the high arctic coasts of Siberia, were involved in the movements analysed. The daily timing was similar each year, with a peak passage across Scania in the night. The median time of passage (all years combined) was three hours after local sunset. The Knots have probably flown directly from well-known staging sites in the German Wadden Sea, and the median departure time from there was estimated to occur 1 /2 h before sunset. The average track direction was 63 ? + 140 angular deviation. This is slightly, but significantly, to the south of the constant compass bearing (rhumbline = 570) between the German Wadden Sea and possible destination areas on the north coast of the Taymyr Peninsula in Siberia. Track directions varied significantly with wind, suggesting partial drift or pseudodrift. The groundspeed (25.6 m s-1) was on average 6.1 or 7.6 m s-1 (depending on the assumed flight altitude) faster than the estimated airspeed, showing that the majority of flocks had considerable tailwind assistance. Significantly more echoes were recorded in tailwinds than in winds from other directions relative to the average track direction. Evaluation of course changes of echoes tracked while crossing five degrees of longitude, over distances up to 400 km, showed that the birds did not follow any of the predicted paths according to known orientation mechanisms (sun-, star-, magnetic compasses). Rather, the overall migration route may be influenced by topography in a way that maximizes association with coastal areas.
TOXIC EFFECTS OF NORMAL SERA AND HOMOLOGOUS ANTISERA ON THE CHICK EMBRYO

1. The specific objectives of the present investigation were at first two-fold: (1) to determine the antigenicity of the early chick embryo, and (2) to study the effects of homologous antisera on the chick embryo. However, because at the outset a profound toxic action of fresh normal rabbit serum was encountered, it became imperative to describe the toxic factor.2. The toxic action of normal rabbit serum, characterized by the puckering of the blastoderm, the sinking of the embryo and its ultimate death, was removed by heating at 56° C. for 30 minutes. The toxic action was not restored by adding fresh guinea pig serum to heated rabbit serum. The toxicity was not removed by absorption in the cold with nonspecific antigen-antibody precipitates and/or chicken red blood cells. These results are interpreted as indicating that complement is neither necessary nor sufficient for the toxic action of fresh rabbit serum. The toxic heat-labile substance can also act independently of heat-stable substances which are re.
Stuck and Sluggish Fermentations

Premature arrest of fermentation constitutes one of the most challenging problems in wine production. The causes of stuck and sluggish fermentations are numerous, troublesome to diagnose, and difficult to rectify. It has become well-established that fermentation rate decreases due to a targeted loss of hexose transport capacity. Factors which have been correlated with incomplete fermentations also regulate transporter expression, turnover and function. Several causes of slow and incomplete fermentations, including ethanol toxicity, have been well-characterized under enological conditions as described herein. Other potential factors that may impact cell growth, viability, and fermentative activity have not been sufficiently evaluated. The role of these factors in problematic enological fermentations is discussed.
Management of wilt disease complex in castor

The efficacy of biocontrol agents and chemicals under in vitro condition was evaluated against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ricini. Pot culture studies were conducted with biocontrol agents and chemicals for the management of wilt disease complex of castor caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. ricini and nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis. All the treatments significantly decreased wilt incidence and improved plant growth compared to untreated inoculated control. Combination treatment of carbofuran @ 2g/kg soil + carbendazim @ 1g/kg soil was found most effective in reducing wilt incidence and reniform nematode population followed by Trichoderma viride @ 4g/kg seed + Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10g/kg seed.
lxodofauna de cervídeos no Brasil Deer ixodofauna in Brazil

Deer ixodofauna in Brazil Ticks collected from deer bred free and/or into zoological garden were used to evaluate the ixodofauna of deers in Brazil. Four deer species were studied: Mazama gouazoubira, 8/astocerus dichotomus, Ozotochoerius bezoarticus and Odocoi/eus virginianus. Five genus of lxodidae tick were recognized. Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius 1787), Amblyomma mantiquirense Aragao, 1908, Anocentor nitens (Neumann, 1897), 8oophilus microp/us (Canestrini, 1887), lxodes luciae Senevet, 1953 were identified in M. gouazoubira; in 8. dichotomus the parasitism by Amblyomma tigrinum Koch, 1844, and 8. microplus was identified; this was the first report of A. tinigrium parasiting deers in Brazil. In O. bezoarticus the parasitism, by A. mantiquirense, 8. microplus and Haemophysalis koh/si Aragao & Fonseca, 1961 was registered, and in O. virginianus the parasitism by A. cajennense and 8Z. microplus was ais o identified.
Effects of different breeds and raising modes on meat flavors and candidate genes expression levels.

To research the effect of breeds and feeding patterns on chicken meat flavor, and screening of inosine monophosphate acid(IMP) and intramuscular fat(IMF) candidate genes, Chengkou chicken、Daninghe chicken、Qingjiaoma chicken were selected as the study populations, to analyze IMP content in breast muscle by high performance liquid chromatograph, extrac the IMF in breast muscle by soxhlet extraction. The expressions of 5 candidate genes related to IMP and 9 candidate genes related to IMF were detected with Real-time quantitative PCR. The results revealed that the IMP content of Chengkou chicken was higher than that of Daninghe and Qingjiaoma chickens, the IMP content of scatter-feed chicken was higher than that of henhouse-feed; the IMF content of Chengkou chicken was lower than that of Daninghe andQingjiaoma chickens, the IMF content of scatter-feed chicken was lower than that of henhouse-feed. The expression levels of IMP candidate genes, aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide transformylase/IMP cyclohydrolase(PURH) and adenosine monophosphate deaminase1(AMPD1), and the IMF candidate genes,heart fatty acid binding protein(H-FABP), leptin receptor(LEPR), fatty acid transport protein 1(FATP1) and uncoupling protein 3(UCP3) were correlated with the contents of IMP and IMF in breast muscle, respectively.The results showed that both breed and feeding pattern had significant influence on IMP, IMF contents and expression of their candidate genes. The expression levels of candidate genes were closely related with IMP and IMF content. The results of this research will provide some theoretical basis for high quality poultry breeding.