Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distinguishing Between the Content and Processing Accounts for Verbal Overshadowing 1

A substantial literature suggests that verbalization can be detrimental to face recognition, the term for this phenomenon being verbal overshadowing. Currently two explanations compete to explain verbal overshadowing: a content account, indicating that verbalization is an imperfect representation of the original stimuli, and a processing account indicating that verbalization causes a processing shift from global to local processing, which is detrimental to face recognition. We propose both accounts are valid and applicable under situations dictated by language ability and the verbalization task. The current studies aimed to support the situational applicability of both accounts as well as provide direct evidence for a processing shift. In study one, participants engaged in a face recognition task with a verbalization and control condition, as well as a measure of global/local processing. The results of study one indicate that European Canadians do experience a processing shift towards more local processing after verbalization. Evidence for verbal overshadowing, however, was not found. Study two utilized a similar paradigm, except faces were drawn from a more geographically relevant database and the verbalization task was more demanding. Evidence for verbal overshadowing was found among East Asians for whom English was not their primary language, a finding consistent with the content account. The results of both studies show preliminary evidence for the existence of both content and process effects under certain conditions.
Dietary Replacement Effects of Maize with Graded levels of Melon Shell on Growth Performance of Clarias gariepinus Fingerlings (Burchell, 1822)

A 60-day study was conducted to investigate the dietary effect of replacement of maize with graded levels of melon shell meal (MSM) on growth performance of Clarias gariepinus fingerling. Five isonitrogenous diets were formulated. MSM was added to the diet to replace maize at graded levels; 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. Total of 150 fish (3.40±0.05g) were randomly assigned to the five treatment diets. Each treatment contained 10 fish per tank and each treatment was triplicated in a completely randomised design (CRD). Fish were fed twice daily at 5% body weight in equal proportions. Results showed significant differences (P<0.05) for measured growth parameters. Fish fed diet containing 100% MSM had the highest mean weight gain (70.70±4.62g), specific growth rate ( SGR ) (5.06±0.10%), best feed conversion ratio ( FCR ) (0.54±0.04%) and protein efficiency ratio ( PER ) (1.68±0.11%) compared to other treatments and the control while fish fed 25% MSM had the poorest values for MWG (39.88±4.37g), SGR (4.20±0.16), FCR (0.60±0.02) and PER (0.95±0.11). MSM inclusion in diet of C. gariepinus up to 100% enhanced growth.
A Tentative Model of Conflict, Appropriation and Production in a two-sector Economy

This paper presents a model of conflict in an economy characterized by two sectors. In a first sector labelled as contested sector two agents struggle in order to appropriate the maximum possible fraction of a contestable output. In a second sector, the uncontested sector, each agent holds secure property rights over the production of some goods. Both agents maximize an income function which can be described as a function of contributions of both sectors. Results show that the degree of returns in the uncontested sector is a powerful force which countervails the impact of destructive and unproductive interaction in the contested sector.
Arabidopsis CRL4 Complexes: Surveying Chromatin States and Gene Expression

CULLIN4 (CUL4) RING ligase (CRL4) complexes contain a CUL4 scaffold protein, associated to RBX1 and to DDB1 proteins and have traditionally been associated to protein degradation events. Through DDB1, these complexes can associate with numerous DCAF proteins, which directly interact with specific targets promoting their ubiquitination and subsequent degradation by the proteasome. A characteristic feature of the majority of DCAF proteins that associate with DDB1 is the presence of the DWD motif. DWD-containing proteins sum up to 85 in the plant model species Arabidopsis. In the last decade, numerous Arabidopsis DWD proteins have been studied and their molecular functions uncovered. Independently of whether their association with CRL4 has been confirmed or not, DWD proteins are often found as components of additional multimeric protein complexes that play key roles in essential nuclear events. For most of them, the significance of their complex partnership is still unexplored. Here, we summarize recent findings involving both confirmed and putative CRL4-associated DCAF proteins in regulating nuclei architecture remodelling, DNA damage repair, histone post-translational modification, mRNA processing and export, and ribosome biogenesis, that definitely have an impact in gene expression and de novo protein synthesis. We hypothesized that, by maintaining accurate levels of regulatory proteins through targeted degradation and transcriptional control, CRL4 complexes help to surveil nuclear processes essential for plant development and survival.
Effect of Salt Pretreatment on the Growth and Yield of Oryza sativa L. (cv. Dendang) under Saline Condition

Productivity of rice as staple food of Indonesia needs to be improved. One of the efforts is by utilizing saline area for agricultural land. Salinity can be a serious problem leading to a decrease in crop productivity. Plant adaptation under salinity is an alternative to lower the risk, which can be improved by seedling pretreatment. The experiment was conducted in Baros, Kretek, Bantul, Yogyakarta. The objective of this research was to determine the growth and yield response of rice cv. Dendang to the salt pretreatment at early stage. The experiment was arranged in completely randomized design. The treatments used were salt pretreatment (T1) and without salt pretreatment (T2). The salt pretreatment increased K+ concentration, total dry matter, plant height and number of tillers. However, it decreased proline and Na+ concentration of leaf. There was no significant difference on the yield and yield component. Increasing EC values up to 8.35 dSm-¹ at generative phase reduced the rice ability to cope this level of salinity despite the application of salt pretreatment. The benefit of salt pretreatment was exhibited on rice grown under EC value 5 dSm-¹.
FORTCOMING IN THE BRITISH JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT The Impact of Investment Networks on Venture Capital Firm Performance: A Contingency Framework1

Venture capital (VC) syndicates involve repeated transactions among partners and therefore possess network-like characteristics. Although networks provide access to important externalities, extant literature has not studied the effects of the focal firm’s resource needs on performance benefits arising from different network structures. We investigate the impact of two proxies for firm-level resources, namely maturity and status, on the relationship between network cohesion and VC performance. We find that mature and high-status VCs benefit less from network cohesion. We also show that maturity and status simultaneously determine the performance effects of network cohesion.
A DEEP RADIO SURVEY OF HARD STATE AND QUIESCENT BLACK HOLE X-RAY BINARIES

We have conducted a deep radio survey of a sample of black hole X-ray binaries in the hard and quiescent states to determine whether any systems were sufficiently bright for astrometric follow-up with high-sensitivity very long baseline interferometric arrays. The one hard-state system, Swift J1753.5−0127, was detected at a level of 0.5 mJy beam−1. All 11 quiescent systems were not detected. In the three cases with the highest predicted quiescent radio brightnesses (GRO J0422+32, XTE J1118+480, and GRO J1655−40), the new capabilities of the Expanded Very Large Array were used to reach noise levels as low as 2.6 μJy beam−1. None of the three sources were detected to 3σ upper limits of 8.3, 7.8, and 14.2 μJy beam−1, respectively. These observations represent the most stringent constraints to date on quiescent radio emission from black hole X-ray binaries. The uncertainties in the source distances, quiescent X-ray luminosities at the times of the observations, and the power-law index of the empirical correlation between radio and X-ray luminosities make it impossible to determine whether these three sources are significantly less luminous in the radio band than expected. Thus it is not clear whether that correlation holds all the way down to quiescence for all black hole X-ray binaries.
A Simple Procedure for the Numerical Solution of Discrete Time Linear Two-Point Boundary-Value Problems with Finite Horizon and its use for Simulating Discrete Time Linear Models under Perfect Foresight

This paper presents a simple procedure for the numerical solution of discrete time linear two-point boundary-value problems with finite horizon. The paper illustrates its use for simulating discrete time linear models under perfect foresight. For that purpose two simple models were chosen from the standard macroeconomic literature.The outstanding feature of the proposed procedure is its simplicity.
Immortalization of Rat Growth Cartilage Cells by Retro Virus Carrying C-myc Oncogene and Their Histochemical and Immuno-Histochemical Characteristics

Growth cartilage (GC) cells comprise distinct cellular zones of proliferating, hypertrophic and calcifying stages. To obtain representative cell clones of each GC stage, the author immortalized primary cultured rat GC cells by retro virus carrying neo gene, cytomegalo virus promoter and c-myc oncogene. The GC cells were freed from rat costal GC by enzymatic digestion. Retro virus carrying neo gene, cytomegalo virus promoter and c-myc oncogene was infected onto the cultured GC cells. After screening and cloning, 22 clones with different characteristics were obtained, and examined for their morphology, nodule formation, proteoglycan formation, alkaline phosphatase activity, fiber formation, reactivity to late GC specific antibody and response to 1-34 PTH. Depending on these examined characteristics, they were assessed as fibroblasts (2 clones), resting cartilage cells (3 clones), or as GC cells (5 clones as proliferating GC cells, 5 clones as early hypertrophic GC cells, 6 clones as late hypertrophic GC cells, and 1 clone thought to be either late hypertrophic or calcifying GC cell).
Staging of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is relentless progressive interstitial lung disease (ILD) of unknown etiology (1). Main pathogenesis is epithelial injury and collagen deposition (2). Majority elderly men with smokers (3). The older, the more often have IPF Clinical point of view, non-productive cough, and progressive are main symptoms. In addition, scalene muscle hypertrophy, fine crackles and finger clubbing key findings (5). Serum marker such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Krebs van den Lungeng-6 (KL-6) are sensitive activity. Pulmonary function test (PFT) and 6-minute meaningful physiological examination. International IPF guideline published recently and highlighted on the importance of tomography (HRCT) findings. Key findings of IPF are honeycombing, bronchiectasis and subpleural reticular opacity. However, physiological status can predict future prognosis of IPF. Rece index were proposed for mortality prediction of IPF patients.In management, two anti-fibrotic agents such as pirfenidone and nintedanib of progression of IPF. In this review, I focus on clinical characterist and real management of IPF including comorbidities.
Cost-free lifespan extension via optimisation of gene expression in adulthood supports the developmental theory of ageing

Classic theory upholds that energy trade-offs between reproduction and somatic maintenance underpin the evolution of ageing and lifespan. In contrast, the developmental theory of ageing (DTA) suggests that organismal senescence is caused by dysregulated gene expression in adulthood due to decline in selection gradients with age. The DTA predicts that age-specific optimisation of gene expression can improve survival without fitness costs. Here we investigated consequences for survival, reproduction, egg size and fitness of early-life, adulthood and post-reproductive onset of RNAi knockdown of five well-described “longevity” genes involved in key biological processes in Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes: nutrient-sensing signalling via insulin/IGF-1 (age-1) and target-of-rapamycin (raga-1) pathways, global protein synthesis (ifg-1), global protein synthesis in somatic cells (ife-2) and mitochondrial respiration (nuo-6). Downregulation of these genes in adulthood and/or during post-reproductive period improves survival, while there was little evidence for a link between impaired reproduction and extended lifespan. Our findings demonstrate that hyper-function of diverse physiological processes after sexual maturation is detrimental for survival. Therefore, optimisation of gene expression in adult organisms can ameliorate ageing and increase fitness.
Sion's minimax theorem and Nash equilibrium of symmetric multi-person zero-sum game

About a symmetric multi-person zero-sum game we will show the following results. 1. Sion's minimax theorem plus the coincidence of the maximin strategy and the minimax strategy are proved by the existence of a symmetric Nash equilibrium. 2. The existence of a symmetric Nash equilibrium is proved by Sion's minimax theorem plus the coincidence of the maximin strategy and the minimax strategy. Thus, they are equivalent. If a zero-sum game is asymmetric, maximin strategies and minimax strategies of players do not correspond to Nash equilibrium strategies. If it is symmetric, the maximin strategies and the minimax strategies constitute a Nash equilibrium. However, with only the minimax theorem there may exist an asymmetric equilibrium in a symmetric multi-person zero-sum game.
A Brief Information Sheet On Opioid Effects Improves Quality Of Life In Cancer Patients On Opioids

Opioids are commonly employed in the treatment of severe pain in cancer patients. In an attempt to augment the benefit of quality of life obtained from the opioids, we prospectively evaluated the efficacy of a brief information sheet on opioid effects in 13 consecutive hospitalized cancer patients. They were randomized to receive (n=7) or not to recieve (n=6) this information sheet which shortly explained the likely side effects of and the indications for the opioids. EORTC QLQ-C30 was completed by each subject both at admission and discharge. Patients that received the information sheet had more improvement in fatigue, dyspnea, physical functioning and emotional functioning subscales (P=0.000, 0.043, 0.025 and 0.006, respectively). Our results suggest that increased awareness about the opioids, perhaps obtained from a written source, can better certain aspects of quality of life in cancer patients treated with these agents. This work was conducted by the departments of Medical Oncology and Internal Medicine at Akdeniz University Medical Faculty, in Antalya, Turkey. No support was recieved for this work.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Budding Yeast); Standard Operating Procedure Series : Toxicology (T)

Engineered Nano Materials (ENMs) are commercially used in everyday products, including zinc sunscreens and water resistant fabrics and surfaces, but in the future, they may be used in targeted treatment of cancer, printable monitoring systems, and foldable phones. Understanding the effects of ENMs on the environment is crucial for the responsible use of these technologies. The aim of this project is to develop a standard operating procedure (SOP) for investigating the effects of ENMs on budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The ENMs used to develop this protocol were Ag and CdSe/ZnS. Toxicity was determined using plate assays to analyze the effect of ENMs on the growth cycle, Fun-1 staining assays to understand the effects on cell metabolism, and quantitative reverse transcriptase-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and RNAseq to understand the effects on genetic expression. From plate assays, doubling times, average time spent in lag phase, maximum concentrations were determined and compared between yeast grown in varying concentrations of ENMs, and a yeast grown in a control environment. Fun-1 staining determines the amount of metabolically active cells present in a treated cell culture. RNAseq and Quantitative PCR results, in expression levels of genes, are used to determine potential toxic effects of ENMs. DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. DESTROY THIS REPORT WHEN NO LONGER NEEDED. DO NOT RETURN IT TO THE ORIGINATOR.
Epigenetic mechanism of carbohydrate sulfotransferase 3 (CHST3) downregulation in the aging brain

Neural extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex molecular meshwork surrounding neurons and glial cells in the extracellular space. Structural and functional state of ECM in the brain is tightly regulated by various components of neural ECM such as hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, link proteins, tenascins, various matrix-modifying enzymes such as chondroitin sulfate synthases and carbohydrate sulfotransferase together with matrix-degrading enzymes. Age-dependent accumulation of ECM molecules is implicated in the age-associated decline in synaptic and cognitive functions. Understanding age-associated changes in the expression of genes involved in regulating various components of ECM can provide an insight into the role of ECM in the aging brain. Hence, in this study, we compared the expression levels of ECM regulating genes in three groups of mice: 2-3 months old mice (2-3M), 22- to 26-month-old mice (22-26M) and more than 30-month-old mice (>30M). Using qPCR, we discovered that in the hippocampus of >30M old mice, the majority of ECM related genes are downregulated, while genes related to neuroinflammation are highly upregulated. This pattern was accompanied by a decrease in cognitive performance of the >30M old mice and was most correlated among ECM-related genes with the downregulation of carbohydrate sulfotransferase 3 (CHST3) gene expression. Interestingly, in 24-26M mice, no general decrease in the expression of ECM related genes was observed, although we still found the upregulation in neuroinflammatory genes and downregulation of CHST3. Further analysis of epigenetic mechanisms revealed a decrease in H3K4me3, three methyl groups at the lysine 4 on the histone H3 proteins, associated with the promoter region of CHST3 gene in non-neuronal (NeuN-negative) but not in neuronal (NeuN-positive) cells. We conclude that in 22-26 M old brains there are minor changes in expression of the studied bona fide neural ECM genes but there is a prominent epigenetic dysregulation of the CHST3 gene responsible for 6-sulfation of chondroitin sulfates, which may lead to impaired brain plasticity and cognitive decline.
Establishing unconsidered Factors that anchor the thrive of Micro Enterprises in Developing and under Developed Economy

The focus of this science paper is to microscopically; identify and analyze unconsidered newly factors in developed and underdeveloped countries that continue to hamper the growth of Micro Enterprise. It also seek to further produce an in-depth analysis of identified causes that promote the surviving existence of micro enterprise, lacking Entrepreneurial character to expand in developing and underdeveloped economy
Caribbean basin initiative beneficiary countries and the apparel sector : same preferences, different responses

This article analyzes the impact of the unilateral preferences on the performance of apparel exporting countries in Central America and the Caribbean. We mainly focus on the prices received by the exporters as they are better measures of the quality of the products and competitiveness of the exporting firms in global markets. Preferential market access, geographic proximity and restrictions on competitors lead to significant price advantages to the firms in Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI) countries. However, the author still observes significant variation in terms of relative prices across countries and over time (Ozden and Sharma, 2006). In order to identify the determinants, we include country-year dummies in the GSL estimation and then a regress the value of these coefficients of several country specific policy relevant variables. The author find that policies that create stable macroeconomic environment, better educated labor force and more energy efficient economy positively influence the export prices. Next section presents a brief history of CBI followed by some stylized facts that motivate the paper. Section three is the literature survey. In section four, the report presents an analytical model that forms the basis of the estimation and the report explains the data and the methodology. In section five, the main results are presented. Conclusions follow.
Effect of Eucalyptus globulus leaves extracts on in vitro rumen fermentation, methanogenesis, degradability and protozoa population

Abstract The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of three Eucalyptus globulus extracts rich in phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids, on rumen fermentation, methane (CH4) production, organic matter degradability and protozoa population using an in vitro gas production technique. Four concentrations (0, 50, 75 and 100 mg) of three Eucalyptus extracts (ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous) were added to a diet of ruminants (forage: concentrate ratio 60:40) and incubated at 39°C under anaerobiosis with buffered rumen fluid. After 24 h, the fermentation fluid was analysed for ammonia-N and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Organic matter degradability (OMD) and protozoa were also determined; in vitro gas production was also recorded and CH4 concentration was measured. Compared to the control, CH4 production was significantly lower for ethyl acetate extract (P<0.05), but higher for n-butanol and aqueous extracts. Production of ammonia- N was lower in all Eucalyptus extracts (P<0.05). Propionate production (P<0.05) increased for ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts, whereas no effect was registered for VFA, for all Eucalyptus extracts. Ethyl acetate extract decreased in vitro OMD (P<0.05), whereas n-butanol and aqueous extracts were comparable to the control. Protozoa population decreased (P<0.05) for all extracts in comparison with the control. Eucalyptus ethyl acetate extract might be promising to be used as a potent anti-methanogenic additive. Moreover, the assessment of the right dosage seems to be important to decrease methane production, without reducing feed nutritional value.