Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of spore crystal toxin complex of Bacillus thuringiensis isolates against Helicoverpa armigera larvae.

Helicoverpa armigera is a serious pest of legumes, cotton and vegetables in South East Asia with an ability to develop a quick resistance to all kind of chemical insecticides. Keeping in view the side effects of insecticides, there is strong need for development and evaluation of eco-friendly strategies for the management of this pest. Among the several alternative methods for pest management, biological control by entomopathogens is promising one. Entomopathogens are the disease causing agents in the insect population, which may help in keeping the insect population below economic threshold level. It is a class of insecticides which is called as biopesticide. Biopesticides provide desired degree of plant protection which is totally eco-friendly (Cannon, 1990). Of all the biological agents that have been evaluated as insect control products, the most successful so far is Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) which is being widely used as a biopesticidal formulation to control pest population among Lepidoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera (Beegle and Yamamoto, 1992, Schnepf et al., 1998) because these are generally specific, economically viable, environmentally safe and compatible with the other methods of pest control (Jayaraj and Raghupathy, 1993). Bt is extraordinary because of its unique capacity to synthesize crystal protein during sporulation. These crystal proteins have high insecticidal activity and quite selective in their toxicity to specific insect pests (Schnepf et al., 1998, Whitlock et al., 1991). Ingestion of delta endotoxin protein is a must for susceptible larvae; the crystal protein is solubilised in the alkaline midgut and then activated by digestive enzyme to yield a proteolyticaly stable toxin. The activated toxin passes through peritrophic membrane and binds to specific receptors in the brush border membrane vesicles. It opens up the K channel in the membrane and eventually cell lysis causes death of the insects (Karim and Riazuddin, 1997). These naturally occurring insecticidal proteins have been commercially produced and used as insecticides for decades. Entomopathogens have shown varying degrees of virulence under different environmental conditions so, in present study different Bacillus thuringiensis isolates at different concentrations of spore crystal toxin were evaluated for their virulence against second instar larvae of H.armigera.
Globular cluster tidal interactions and mergers in the Galactic disc

Abstract The Galactic globular cluster system went and is still going through dynamical processes that require to be explored in detail. Here we illustrate how primordial massive globular clusters born in the Milky Way’s disc evolved by stripping material from each other or even merging very early during their lives. These processes might explain the puzzling presence of star-by-star spreads in iron content observed in massive globular clusters and should be taken into account when studying globular cluster stellar populations. In this context, we show how the direct comparison between the predictions provided by our direct N-body simulations and observations can shed light on the origin and chemo-dynamical evolution of globular clusters.
Wirkungen des Influencer Marketing auf Instagram

This study examines the effects of medium-range influencer Instagram postings compared to traditional print ads. Using cosmetic products as an example, the study examines how these alternative forms of advertising influence attitude components and consumers' propensity to buy. As a result, the advertising impact of the Instagram posting is lower than that of the classic print ad. The Instagram posting has its greatest effect where consumers already follow influencers (follower status). The situational variable (type of advertising) proves to be more powerful in explaining consumers' attitudes as personal variables. Among the latter, product involvement has more explanatory power than the general personality traits of the Big Five. To explain the propensity to buy, product involvement is even more meaningful than the type of advertising. Overall, this shows that the effect of situational and personal factors on dependent variables of consumer behaviour cannot be generalised, but that it is generally recommended to include both situational and personal determinants in the analysis.
Recognition and Removal of Apoptotic Cells

This chapter discusses the recognition of apoptotic cells by phagocytes, the mechanisms of apoptotic cell phagocytosis (efferocytosis), and some of the consequences of this recognition. It illustrates, with a few nonexhaustive examples, some of the possibilities for contribution of apoptotic cell recognition and/or its mechanisms to host-parasite interrelationships. In viable cells, phosphatidylserine (PS) is generally located on the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, which is also enriched for phosphatidylethanolamine, whereas sphingomyelin is localized to the outer leaflet along with most of the phosphatidylcholine (PC). Under certain circumstances, activation of cells leads to increased flip-flop and, as a consequence, exposure of PS. Recent studies have implicated calreticulin as a ligand on apoptotic cells that can be recognized and contributes to their removal. The possibility that thrombospondin (TSP) can act as a glue to hold everything together is intriguing. The key feature of apoptotic cell removal is the ability of phagocytes to distinguish between living versus apoptosing, or dying, cells. The general conclusion from this discussion of receptors and bridge molecules is that recognition of apoptotic cells is a highly redundant process. Much work has been carried out on the signal pathways involved in uptake of apoptotic cells. The authors present a few examples to illustrate the potential for, and to raise questions about, other possible interactions between parasites and apoptotic cell recognition, ingestion, and consequences.
Effect of extrusion of rapeseed oilmeal on rumen degradability and intestinal digestibility

Effective ruminal protein degradation (EPD) and the intestinal digestibility of undegraded protein (IUPD) of rapeseed oilmeal (RSM) subjected to extrusion at a temperature of 140oC was determined. The protein EPD coefficient of the extruded rapeseed oilmeal (ERSM) was 55.5%, whereas that of the RSM not subjected to extrusion, 79.3%. The intestinal digestibility of rumenundegraded RSM protein was 55.5%, which was 38.3 percentage points lower than the IUPD of the ERSM. The total tract protein digestibility of both meals was similar. The high IUPD of the ERSM indicates a favourable shift of protein availability from the rumen to further sections of the gastrointestinal tract.
Protein absorption : development and present state of the subject

DEVELOPMENT OF THE SUBJECT Protein Absorption Before 1900 Protein Absorption in the 20th Century (1901-1920) Protein Absorption in the 20th Century (1921-1949) Protein Absorption in the 20th Century (1950- ) PRESENT STATE OF THE SUBJECT Protein Digestion and Absorption--Some General Considerations Absorption of Amino Acids Absorption of Peptides Absorption of Protein Digestion Products--Some Other Features Some Topics Related to Intestinal Transport of Peptides Appendix Notes References Index.
The tidal tails of open star clusters produced by early gas expulsion

Abstract We investigate, for the first time, the formation and evolution of the tidal tail released from a young Pleiades-like star cluster due to expulsion of primordial gas in a realistic gravitational field of the Galaxy. The tidal tails (as well as clusters) are integrated by nbody6 from their embedded phase for more than 300 Myr. We vary the star formation efficiency (SFE) from 33% to 100% and the timescales of gas expulsion as free parameters, and provide predictions for the morphology and kinematics of the evolved tail for each of the models. The resulting tail properties are intended for comparison with Gaia measurements, where an inverse analysis of our findings might constrain some of the poorly understood conditions and processes in embedded star clusters during the gas phase and gas expulsion.
Darwin's orchids : then and now

For biologists, 2009 was an epochal year: the bicentennial of Charles Darwin's birth and the 150th anniversary of the publication of a book now known simply as The Origin of Species. But for many botanists, Darwin's true legacy starts with the 1862 publication of another volume: On the Various Contrivances by Which British and Foreign Orchids Are Fertilised by Insects and on the Good Effects of lntercrossing, or Fertilisation of Orchids. This slim but detailed book with the improbably long title was the first in a series of plant studies by Darwin that continues to serve as a global exemplar in the field of evolutionary botany. In Darwin's Orchids, an international group of orchid biologists unites to celebrate and explore this legacy. Darwin's Orchids investigates flowers from Darwin's home in England, through the southern hemisphere, and on to North America and China as it seeks to address a set of questions first put forward by Darwin himself such as what pollinates this particular type of orchid and how has this orchid's lineage changed over time? Diverse in their colors, forms, aromas, and pollination schemes, orchids have long been considered ideal models for the study of plant evolution and conservation. Looking to the past, present, and future of botany, Darwin's Orchids will be a vital addition to this tradition.
Effects of 17α-Methyltestosterone Immersion Treatments on Sex Reversal of Mud Loach, Misgurnus mizolepis

Effects of 17ƒ¿-methyltestosterone (MT) immersion treatments at selected doses and durations on sex reversal of the mud loath Misgurnus mizolepis were examined. Fry were immersed in water contain ing MT 0, 25, 50, 100 or 200ƒÊg per 1 for one, two or three weeks. Survival decreased as dose and treat ment duration increased; in most instances it was significantly lower than that of the controls (p <0.05). Growth rate at all the treatment combinations did not differ, when compared to that of control (p > 0.05). The treatment with 200 ƒÊg MT l-1 for two or three weeks produced all male populations, and the group treated with 100 ƒÊg l-1 for three weeks also became nearly an all male population
Resistant starch in plantain (Musa AAB) and implications for the glycaemic index

Consumption of foods rich in resistant starch and slowly digestible starches has been associated with lower postprandial glycaemic responses. The need to identify and quantify resistant starch in potential resistant starch sources and optimise processing conditions to maximise their benefit is vital in the quest for more healthy diets required for the control and management of diabetes and related conditions. Significant quantities of three types of resistant starch were identified in plantains: these are physically entrapped starch (RS1), native resistant starch (RS2) and retrograded starch (RS3). However, the relative quantities of each type vary with the conditions/state of processing/storage conditions applied to the food before consumption. The high correlation (r2 = 0.8) obtained between increased total resistant starch content of plantain products and reduced glycaemic index suggests that factors which promote the formation of enzyme resistant starch in plantain can also influence the glycaemic response to the available carbohydrates. Apart from native resistant starch which has been commonly reported for the Musa ssp, our data suggest that some alcohol extractable components of plantain may act as enzyme inhibitors. The presence of these components resulted in an increase in the value of RS2 in flours when compared to the starch isolates. It may be necessary therefore to distinguish between resistant starch type 2 (RS2), which is due to the inherent nature of starch and resistant starch produced from the interference from other food components such as enzyme inhibitors. This type of resistant starch may not be present in all foods and its properties need to be further investigated.
Egg Diapause Induction in Multivoltine Silkworm Bombyx mori for Long-term Germplasm Preservation

At present, multivoltine silkworm races reared five times per year involving huge manpower and rearing expenditure. Egg diapausing behavior is facultative in multivoltine and egg diapause was induced in selected multivoltine races by regulating temperature at , relative humidity 80% and photoperiod (6L:18D) in the late stage silkworm rearing. The maximum percentage of egg diapause induction was recorded in Rong Diazo, Diazo and MW13 showed 94%, 93% and 92% respectively, whereas the races A14DY and OS-616 showed minimum diapause induction 15% and 18% respectively. The diapause induced multivoltine eggs were preserved up to six months by cold preservation schedule normally adopted for bivoltine. After three and six months egg preservation, the diapause induced layings were released and observed for hatching percentage, all races showed above 82 % of hatching except the race AP12, which showed only 78 % of hatching. This methods reduce the crop cycle, gives strong safety backup and preventing the genetic erosion. This study helps formulating a new conservation method for multivoltine silkworm germplasm.
Minerals release kinetics in the rumen from five commonly available dry fodders

The extent to which the macro and micro minerals present in various fodders released in the rumen were studied in 5 commonly fed dry fodders (paddy straw, ragi straw, wheat straw, maize kadbi and oat hay) in 3 adult cattle fitted with rumen cannula by in sacco nylon bag technique. The dry fodders were incubated in the rumen for different periods i.e. 10 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h and minerals release kinetics in the rumen were studied. There were significant differences in element release in the rumen between experimental fodders and the particular minerals. The rate of release of Ca and P was higher from oat hay and maize kadbi than from paddy, ragi and wheat straws. As compared to Ca, the release of P, Mg and K at different periods of incubation in the rumen was higher from various dry fodders. The pattern of Mg release was different from Ca and P. The release of individual elements over all incubation times is very well expressed by cubic polynomials (R2 > 0.9). Overall, across dry fodders, the release of mineral elements ranked as follows: K > Mg > P > Cu > Mn > Zn > Ca. Among all minerals, K showed the highest (98 to 100%) and Ca and Zn showed the lowest release in the rumen at different periods of incubation from fodders. It could, therefore, be concluded that the pattern of macro and trace minerals release in the rumen varied from feeds to feeds and the time of incubation influenced the release of minerals from fodders. Calcium and zinc need a longer time for their maximum release in the rumen for making it available for absorption.
The range of UV upturn strengths in early-type galaxies can be caused by dissolved metal-rich Globular Clusters

Abstract I summarize the scenario by Goudfrooij (2018) in which the bulk of the ultraviolet (UV) upturn of giant early-type galaxies (ETGs) is due to helium-rich stellar populations that formed in massive metal-rich globular clusters (GCs) and subsequently dissolved in the strong tidal field in the central regions of the massive host galaxy. These massive GCs are assumed to show UV upturns similar to those observed recently in M87, the central galaxy in the Virgo cluster of galaxies. Data taken from the literature reveals a strong correlation between the strength of the UV upturn and the specific frequency of metal-rich GCs in ETGs. Adopting a Schechter function parametrization of GC mass functions, simulations of long-term dynamical evolution of GC systems show that this correlation can be explained by variations in the characteristic truncation mass Mc such that Mc increases with ETG luminosity in a way that is consistent with observed GC luminosity functions in ETGs. These findings suggest that the nature of the UV upturn in ETGs and the variation of its strength among ETGs are causally related to that of helium-rich populations in massive GCs, rather than intrinsic properties of field stars in ETGs.
STUDENTS' HOUSING SATISFACTION IN PRIVATE HIGHER INSTITUTIONS

Student housing is essential to the attainment of quality education, most especially in higher institutions were students come from far distance to study. While research abounds on happenings with regards to student housing in public higher institutions, there is a paucity of information on this situation within the private higher institutions. This study, therefore, presents the result of an investigation of the satisfaction of students with housing facilities in private higher institutions in Nigeria. The study adopted a survey design and quantitative data were gathered through the use of a questionnaire administered to 216 students selected through stratified random sampling. The students' residence satisfaction was assessed from the physical, and social/management stands. Data gathered were analysed using percentage, mean score and Mann-Whitney U-Test. The study revealed that on a general level, while private institution students are more satisfied with the social and management characteristics of the residence than the physical characteristics. The study observed that although overall satisfaction is derived, there is still adequate room for improvement in order to deliver better housing for students. The outcome of this study provides a possible direction for the management of private higher institutions in improving their students' housing delivery in order to achieve higher students' satisfaction.
Assessment of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake in the average polish diet

The aim of the study was to establish the intake level of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids intake in the average Polish diet. The intake of fatty acids n-3 and n-6 in an average Polish diet was estimated using data gathered by the Central Statistical Office in 1998 using food composition tables. The consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids n-6 constituted 5.21% of the total energy in the diet (13.10 g/day), while n-3 only 0.95% of energy (2.40 g/day). The intake of PUFA n-3 alpha-linolenic acid was 0.9% of energy and was close to recommended levels (1%), but the intake of long-chain forms PUFA n-3 DHA and EPA amounted to 0.04% of energy and was much too low (recommended 0.3%). The intake of PUFA n-6 linoleic acid equalled 5% of energy and was much higher than the recommended upper limit (3% of energy). The results indicate that it is necessary to increase the intake of long chain PUFA n-3 by greater consumption of fish and fish products or EPA and DHA-enriched foods or supplements.
Root developmental responses to heterogeneous water and nitrogen supply

Better understanding of the interaction between the soil physical properties determining water and nitrate availability and the root proliferation and gene expression components of nutrient acquisition could contribute to food security, but may have been limited by experimental systems. A sand rhizotron system was developed to investigate Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) root responses to altered water and nitrate supply as manipulated by soil physical properties. When this system was compared to agar, root disparities were explained by differences in hydraulic properties, highlighting the importance of the soil physical component. The sand rhizotron system was adopted to quantify root proliferation and gene expression responses to altered water and nitrate availability in wild-type and selected mutant seedlings. In the sand rhizotron system, primary root length and lateral root density were oppositely regulated by water availability, but similarly independent of nitrate supply. The expression of the nitrate transporter AtNRT2.1 and the aquaporin AtPIP2.2 was coordinated across all treatments. Their concentration-dependent hydraulic regulation was confirmed for AtNRT2.1 by in situ imaging of a Green Fluorescent Protein reporter line. AtNAR2.1 and AtNRT2.1 expression demonstrated independent responses to water and nitrate availability despite the requirement of AtNAR2.1 for AtNRT2.1 uptake function. Root proliferation responses to water availability under high (10.0 mM) nitrate were lost in the atnar2.1 mutant and coincided with altered hormone-associated gene (AtEIN2, AtABI4 and AtIPT5) expression. Root proliferation and AtNAR2.1 responses to water availability under high (10.0 mM) nitrate required AtPIP2.2. The coordination of root proliferation and gene expression responses to altered water and nitrate availability is proposed, that includes novel roles for AtNRT2.1, AtNAR2.1 and AtPIP2.2.
Ehrlichia canis e Anaplasma platys em carrapatos de cães de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma platys in ticks of dogs in Cuiaba, Mato Grosso

Diseases transmitted by arthropods such as Rhipicephalus sanguineus, are caused by a spectrum of pathogens. Among these are the canine monocytic ehrlichiosis and cyclical thrombocytopenia with a cosmopolitan distribution. Aiming to verify the presence of DNA of Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis in ticks R. sanguineus collected in the period 2008 to 2009 of 380 infected dogs. Ticks, after maceration, were subjected to DNA extraction and then nested PCR was performed for amplification of A. platys and E. canis. Of these, 81 (29.7%) amplified DNA from ehrlichiais agents, where 38 (17.9%) amplified in E. canis and 32 (15.7%) for A. platys. The observation of two pathogens, combined with worldwide distribution of the tick R. sanguineus, demonstrates the high risk of infection with these pathogens in dogs in the city of Cuiaba.
ESTIMATION OF SHEAR-WAVE VELOCITY STRUCTURE USING MICROTREMOR MEASUREMENTS

Due to the recent construction boom in Ulaanbaatar city (UB), Mongolia, newly urban areas are rapidly expanded to the surrounded area of the city. According to the previous researches and reports, the thickness of the sedimentary basin in UB reaches 120m at the maximum in the area along the Tuul river. Therefore, the evaluation of site amplification is one of the essential parts of the estimation of earthquake hazard in this area. In this paper, the shear-wave velocity (Vs) structures in UB are estimated from single microtremor observations with the existing microtremor array observations. We carried out the microtremor observations at 50 sites and computed horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectral ratios. Inversion analysis is performed to the observed H/V spectral ratios based on the diffuse field approach (DFA) to determine the Vs structures. The site characterizations are evaluated from the amplification factors of the Vs structures.
Carnitine Acetyltransferase and Mitochondrial Acetyl-CoA Buffering in Exercise and Metabolic Disease

Carnitine Acetyltransferase and Mitochondrial Acetyl-CoA Buffering in Exercise and Metabolic Disease by Sarah E. Seiler Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology Duke University Date:__________________ Approved: ______________________ Deborah Muoio, Supervisor ______________________ Chris Newgard ______________________ Rosalind Coleman _______________________ Donald McDonnell _______________________ Tim Haystead _______________________ Pang Yao An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology in the Graduate School of Duke University 2013