Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multimodal MRI Brain Tumor Image Segmentation Using Sparse Subspace Clustering Algorithm

Brain tumors are one of the most deadly diseases with a high mortality rate. The shape and size of the tumor are random during the growth process. Brain tumor segmentation is a brain tumor assisted diagnosis technology that separates different brain tumor structures such as edema and active and tumor necrosis tissues from normal brain tissue. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology has the advantages of no radiation impact on the human body, good imaging effect on structural tissues, and an ability to realize tomographic imaging of any orientation. Therefore, doctors often use MRI brain tumor images to analyze and process brain tumors. In these images, the tumor structure is only characterized by grayscale changes, and the developed images obtained by different equipment and different conditions may also be different. This makes it difficult for traditional image segmentation methods to deal well with the segmentation of brain tumor images. Considering that the traditional single-mode MRI brain tumor images contain incomplete brain tumor information, it is difficult to segment the single-mode brain tumor images to meet clinical needs. In this paper, a sparse subspace clustering (SSC) algorithm is introduced to process the diagnosis of multimodal MRI brain tumor images. In the absence of added noise, the proposed algorithm has better advantages than traditional methods. Compared with the top 15 in the Brats 2015 competition, the accuracy is not much different, being basically stable between 10 and 15. In order to verify the noise resistance of the proposed algorithm, this paper adds 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% Gaussian noise to the test image. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has better noise immunity than a comparable algorithm.
Normalizador Neural de Datas e Endereços

Documents of any kind present a wide variety of date and address formats, in some cases dates can be written entirely in full or even have different types of separators. The pattern disorder in addresses is even greater due to the greater possibility of interchanging between streets, neighborhoods, cities and states. In the context of natural language processing, problems of this nature are handled by rigid tools such as ReGex or DateParser, which are efficient as long as the expected input is pre-configured. When these algorithms are given an unexpected format, errors and unwanted outputs happen. To circumvent this challenge, we present a solution with deep neural networks state of art T5 that treats non-preconfigured formats of dates and addresses with accuracy above 90% in some cases. With this model, our proposal brings generalization to the task of normalizing dates and addresses. We also deal with this problem with noisy data that simulates possible errors in the text.
Disentangling composite colour patterns in a poison frog species

A phylogenetic approach was performed to infer whether variation in conspicuous colour-patterns of a poison frog (Dendrobatidae: Dendrobates tinctorius) has evolved neutrally or under selection. Colour and pattern were split into components that were separately analysed and subsequently re-grouped via principal component analysis. This revealed four different ‘displayed’ factors on the dorsal and lateral views versus one ‘concealed’ factor on the ventral view. Based on the assumption that current patterns of trait variation contain information about the evolutionary history of the phenotype, we correlated these trait components to a neutrally evolving gene fragment (cytochrome b). The concealed factor was significantly correlated with the marker fragment, which identified it as having evolved under genetic drift. Noncorrelation of all displayed factors with the marker may indicate the evolution of colour patterns on dorsum and flanks under selection. In our example, colour pattern should therefore be regarded as a multicomponent signal system. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 93, 433–444.
A New Assessment Measure of Shadow Image Quality Based on Error Diffusion Techniques

A formal approach to study quality of shadow images in secret image sharing schemes based on error diﬀusion techniques is introduced. A novel secret sharing quality measure for assessment of shadow image quality, namely average ﬂipping rate (AFR), that formulates and judges the visual quality of shadow images is proposed. This quality measure gives an indication about the quality of shadow images, that could be computed before sharing, with less complex computation overhead than the modiﬁed peak signal-tonoise ratio (MPSNR). Numerical analysis shows that the proposed quantitative technique has lower computation overhead and keeps in step with those taken by MPSNR. The new quality measure for assessment of shadow image quality will be useful for the development of secret image sharing techniques
Evolution of group size in the dolphins and porpoises: interspecific consistency of intraspecific patterns

I investigated group size variability in dolphins and porpoises using intraspecific comparisons. Explanatory factors considered in the analysis were variables of the physical environment, the diet, and the life history of the species. Open habitat and small body size were viewed as increasing predation risk. This pattern was apparent in Risso's dolphins (Grampus griseus) and weakly apparent in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops spp.). Group size was negatively correlated with body size in pilot whales (Globicephala spp.) and positively correlated with the openness of habitat in killer whales (Orcinus orca), striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba), and common dolphins (Delphinus spp.). No such relationship was found for harbor and Dall's porpoises (Phocoena phocoena, P. dalli). Group size also seemed to vary depending on other physical measures of the habitat, which may indirectly reflect diet; group size showed U-shaped patterns if related to temperature. The predictive power of variables comprising detailed prey information on group size was variable. For example, pilot whales had smaller group sizes when they fed more on mesopelagic fish and less on mesopelagic cephalopods, and common dolphins had larger groups if they fed on varying types of fish. In most Delphinoidea species, group size could be described by the variables considered in this study. But each species showed its own pattern of correlations between group size and a specific set of explanatory variables. Thus, no general and consistent relation between group size and the other variables was found. It remains unknown whether these species-specific patterns result from a historical process or whether they are specialized adaptations. Copyright 2002.
Threat in Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET)

Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of communication devices or nodes that wish to communicate without any fixed infrastructure and predetermined organization of available links. The nodes in MANET themselves are responsible for dynamically discovering other nodes to communicate. Although the ongoing trend is to adopt ad hoc networks for commercial uses due to their certain unique properties, the main challenge is the vulnerability to security attacks. A number of challenges like open peer-to-peer network architecture, stringent resource constraints, shared wireless medium, dynamic network topology etc. To accomplish our goal, we have done literature survey in gathering information related to various types of attacks and solutions, as well as we have made comparative study to address the threats in different layers.
A SCALABLE RDF DATA MANAGEMENT WITH DE-DUPLICATION AND DATA DYNAMICS IN CLOUD

Regardless of late advances in appropriated RDF information administration, preparing cosmically massive measures of RDF information in the cloud is still extremely difficult. Notwithstanding its apparently basic information show, RDF genuinely encodes rich and involute diagrams commixing both occurrence and construction level information. Sharing such information using established methods or dividing the diagram using conventional min-slice calculations prompts exceptionally wasteful appropriated operations and to a high number of joins. In this paper, we portray DiploCloud, an effective and versatile conveyed RDF information administration framework for the cloud. As opposed to forerunner approaches, DiploCloud runs a physiological examination of both occasion and pattern data before dividing the information. In this paper, we depict the design of DiploCloud, its primary information structures, and in addition the beginning calculations we use to segment and disperse information. We also display a broad assessment of DiploCloud showing that our framework is regularly two requests of greatness more speedy than innovative frameworks on standard workloads. We further extended the system by adding data dynamics (update, delete) and data
Contribution du poisson zèbre à l’étude moléculaire du développement du cœur des vertébrés

Depuis les experiences de mutagenese a saturation suivie d’un criblage de mutants chez les embryons de poisson zebre, nous avons assiste a de rapides progres dans l’analyse des mutations et du clonage de genes de developpement. Leur etude a contribue a de nouvelles connaissances en embryogenese des vertebres, en particulier dans la comprehension du developpement du cœur, comme l’atteste cet article. Les technologies emergentes faciliteront la poursuite des analyses fonctionnelles des genes intervenant dans la morphogenese du cœur et dans les autres processus du developpement des vertebres.
Cichorium intybus L. as a root vegetable in Italy and remarks on the infraspecific classification of the cultivated races of this species

Cichorium intybus has become an important vegetable and technical crop. Areas of northern Italy could be characterized as evolutionary hotspots. Ongoing evolutionary pathways include introgressions from wild relatives, other cultivated races of this species and the similar species Cichorium endivia. An infraspecific classification of Cichorium intybus is proposed. The advantages and disadvantages of both available Codes (ICBN and ICBNCP) for the infraspecific classification of cultivated plants are briefly discussed. Cichorium intybus is used as a root and leaf vegetable, as surrogate for coffee, as medicinal plant and a number of other purposes.
Multifrequency search & classification of the transient radio sky

The radio sky can exhibit dynamic changes that provide an excellent opportunity to study the most exotic events in the Universe. In recent years the development and completion of advanced radio facilities has enabled the transient radio sky to be probed to unprecedented levels, especially at low frequencies with telescopes such as the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR) revolutionising observations in this regime. This work primarily focuses on the detection of radio transients both at low and high frequencies. I describe the analysis of a 60 MHz LOFAR monitoring campaign centred at the North Celestial Pole, and report the discovery of the first LOFAR transient source. I also present the initial transient search of the CHILES survey that was performed with the VLA at 1.4 GHz, supported by simultaneous optical observations. Three strong transient candidates are discussed along with identifying a further 72 possible candidates. Furthermore, I investigate the relation between the radio and optical flux properties of known transient and variable sources, with the aim of developing a classification method for these types of events. I show that from just radio and optical flux measurements, it is possible to separate certain classes of objects, with additional information provided by analysing how individual classes evolve in the radio and optical parameter space over time. Lastly, I explore the future prospects of the LOFAR and CHILES transient searches, detailing what techniques could be used to further define the transient parameter space. I also discuss how the radio and optical classification method can be advanced and incorporated into automatic transient pipelines, which may be a necessity in the future Square Kilometre Array era.
Impact of Simulator-based Training on Acquisition of Transthoracic Echocardiography Skills in Medical Students

Introduction: Due to the expanding role of ultrasound as a diagnostic tool in modern medicine, medical schools rapidly include ultrasound training in their curriculum. The objective of this study was to compare simulator-based training along with classical teaching, using human models, to impart focused transthoracic echocardiography examination. Subject and Methods: A total of 22 medical students, with no former transthoracic echocardiography training, undertook a 90-min e-learning module, dealing with focused echocardiography and important echocardiographic pathologies. Subsequently, they had to complete a multiple-choice-questioner, followed by a 120-min practical training session either on the Heartworks™, (Cardiff, UK) and the CAE Vimedix®, (Québec, Canada) simulator (n = 10) or on a live human model (n = 12). Finally, both groups had to complete a post-test consisting of ten video-based multiple-choice-questions and a time-based, focused echocardiography examination on another human model. Two blinded expert observers scored each acquired loop which recorded 2 s of each standard view. Statistical analysis was performed with SPPS 24 (SPSS™ 24, IBM, USA) using the Mann-Whitney-Test to compare both groups. Results: Analysis of measurable outcome skills showed no significant difference between transthoracic echocardiography training on human models and high-fidelity simulators for undergraduate medical students. Conclusions: Both teaching methods are effective and lead to the intended level of knowledge and skills.
Seasonal Changes in Fatty Acid Composition of Cod Liver, Flesh, Roe, and Milt Lipids

The fatty acid compositions of lipids from an isolated population of inshore cod (Gadus morhua L.) caught near Terence Bay, Nova Scotia, were determined each month on pooled samples of representative fish. Cod liver oil was studied over a period of 17 months, cod flesh for 12 months with the fatty acid compositions of milt, roe, flesh, and liver lipids being determined from some large, individual fish.The fatty acids of flesh lipids were independent of sex and showed very little, if any, seasonal changes except a slight variation in the long-chain monounsaturated acid 20:1 (max 2.8% vs. avg 1.6% and 1.1%). This was especially evident in large fish where the maximum (3.7%) coincided with the period of best "condition," August to November. There was also a significant difference between large and medium size fish in that in very large fish the content of 22:6 was much lower (26% vs. 33%). Liver oils in female fish contained increasing amounts of 20:1 (4.5 to 14.9%) and 22:1 (1.8 to 12.3%) fatty acids with i.
Comparative Thermal Physiological Ecology of Syntopic Populations of Cacama valvata and Tibicen bifidus (Homoptera: Cicadidae): Modeling Fitness Consequences of Temperature Variation

SYNOPSIS. This paper develops a model based on egg-laying rates and female oviposition temperature preferences in two species of cicada, Cacama valvata and Tibicen bifidus, from a central New Mexico desert grassland habitat. Output from the model indicates that C. valvata achieves maximal daily egg production (eggs female-' day-1) on days when maximum shade ambient temperatures reach 41*C; the corresponding value for T. bifidus is 33*C. These differences correlate with the thermal regime experienced by each species in its respective typical habitat. Simulations of the effects of variation in mean habitat ambient temperature on egg production demonstrated that known distributional limits for T. bifidus correspond to thermal conditions that reduce daily egg production by only about 5-10% relative to long-term means at the study site. The same is true for C. valvata only in lower-ambient temperature habitats. In higher-temperature habitats, C. valvata exhibits an unusual plasticity in the timing of adult activity and reproduction that allows it to occupy a much wider geographic range than T. bifidus. Contrary to expectations, frequency distributions of predicted daily egg production rates were negatively skewed in each species' respective 'typical habitat', and Gaussian only in thermally marginal habitats. The findings are discussed in the context of attempts to model population- and community-level effects of climatic change.
Investigation of the Experimental Characterization of the Different Inorganic Light Emitting Diodes (LEDS) and the Photovoltaic Effect on These LED

This paper describes our experiments on the electrical characterization of commercial light emitting diodes of different colors as well as their photoelectric effect. This experiment was conducted at the IMS of Bordeaux, which has a measurement bench allowing the intrinsic characterization of different light-emitting diodes in direct and reverse polarization. This bench also makes it possible to compare these experimental values with the theoretical values obtained by modeling.A second work done at the ENP of El-Harrach allowed us to put in place measurement means to show that there is a photovoltaic effect on the LEDs. For this purpose, we have measured the electrical characteristics of different LEDs and studied their light intensities using an EPLEY pyranometer. This work involved red, green , yellow ,white and blue LEDs. The photovoltaic behavior of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) was studied at ENP D'El Harrah Algeria, for a period of three days in March 2016. LEDs were exposed to solar radiation in the form of unitary units of LEDs. 9-16 hours These irradiated LEDs were monitored for photo-generated voltage and current at one-hour intervals. Solar radiation on a horizontal surface was measured using a Pyranometer.
Strain Influences on Broiler Parts Yields

Abstract An experiment was designed to establish whether the offspring of two crosses, Hubbard (♂) × Arbor Acre (♀), (HA), and Vantress (♂) × Arbor Acre (♀), (VA), had different parts to chilled carcass weight ratios. HA offspring gave greater breast and back and smaller drum and wing yields than VA offsrping. The findings strongly suggested a carcass weight influence on the ratio of parts to carcass. When carcass weights were grouped into 1100–1200 gm. and 1200–1300 gm. chilled carcass weights, few differences in yields due to strain remained. In the 1200–1300 gm. group, VA offspring had a larger percentage yield of drumsticks than HA (P
Discrete Breathing: An Energy Efficient Resource Scheduling for Future Wireless Networks

With ever growing smart applications and data demand, the energy consumption of a cellular network is increasing. Also, with increase in the number of base stations deployed, the cell edge users are greatly affected. Increase in energy consumption causes increase in operational expenditure of the system while inefficient handling of cell edge users results in decreased quality of experience (QoE) of users. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an energy efficient scheduling algorithm called discrete breathing which aims at minimizing the energy consumption of the system, such that the interference of cell edge users is mitigated. Furthermore, we analyze the proposed system and derive some important theorems that make the system energy efficient. We then propose a modified algorithm to consider QoE of users to schedule the resources (resource blocks). We also show that the proposed algorithm is generic and can be applied to various advanced networks, such as heterogeneous networks and dense femtocell networks. By extensive simulations we show the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm in terms of energy consumption, throughput, and energy consumption rating.
How Do Digital Platforms for Ideas, Technologies, and Knowledge Transfer Act as Enablers for Digital Transformation?

Digital platforms, along with their supporting tools and features, have emerged as important enablers for firms to leverage distributed knowledge (Sedera et al., 2016), because they offer new ways for organizations to collaborate with the external environment for ideas, technologies, and knowledge. Indeed, studies have explored efforts to promote such collaboration on digital platforms with various popular names, such as crowdsourcing platforms (Afuah & Tucci, 2012), open innovation platforms (Frey et al., 2011), and online marketplaces (Dushnitsky & Klueter, 2011). Among others, the open innovation phenomenon highlights that these platforms have a far-reaching impact on how various parties innovate together through alliances, networks, and ecosystems (West & Bogers, 2014). This impact is observable in the explosive surge in the popularity over the last decade of digital platforms for research and development (R&D), idea generation, prediction, freelance work, peer production, co-creation, product design, and public engagement, to name but a few. For example, Dell’s IdeaStorm (Hossain & Islam, 2015a) and Starbucks’ MyStarbucksIdea (Hossain & Islam, 2015b) are two digital crowdsourcing platforms that are used to engage crowds to solicit ideas from them (Bayus, 2013; Chua & Banerjee, 2013). Moreover, intermediary platforms, such as InnoCentive and IdeaConnection, are organizing online competitions to solve the problems of various organizations (Hossain, 2012). Although digital platforms provide new possibilities and competence, they however also bring new challenges for organizations, which call for new ways of organizing in order to fully embrace their potential. Understanding the role of these platforms in digital transformation is therefore crucial. We must recognize equally the opportunities and challenges digital platforms provide for organizations, and we need to understand the mechanisms and potential outcomes of various digital platforms. Consequently, we should consider digital platforms as a mechanism for accelerating the digital transformation endeavours many organizations are undertaking today (Berman, 2012). Despite the high significance of various digital platforms, there is limited knowledge in the extant literature about the effect of digital platforms on the organization. Thus, here we attempt to discuss how digital platforms for ideas, technologies, and knowledge transfer act as enablers for digital transformation.
Notes: The Failure and Rehabilitation of a Fish‐Conserving Device

Abstract A flow spoiler designed for attachment to the fish-catching rails of large water-intake screens was previously reported as being successful in reducing injuries to fish during the capture process. That spoiler and rail configuration failed to function as intended when applied to screens equipped with superfine screencloth. The desired fluid dynamical properties of the spoiler were restored by a change in the spoiler's geometry.