Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Summer Solar Radiation in the Canadian High Arctic

The limited number of weather stations in the Canadian Arctic Islands has prevented the mapping of incoming shortwave radiation. A cloud layer model, using cloud observations reported by summer field camps supported by the Polar Continental Shelf Project, allows the computation of solar radiation for these widely scattered arctic sites.The calculated values were combined with the measured data from the weather stations to examine the temporal and spatial variations of summer radiation. For the years studied (1974-93), incoming shortwave radiation was the highest in June and declined afterwards. On a local scale, coastal low clouds that are prevalent during the open-water periods reduce the solar radiation receipt, but local variability is unlikely to mask the regional trends. At a regional level, most field camps are highly correlated with their closest weather stations. The short-term field camp data were adjusted with the long-term means of the weather stations to map the distribution of solar radiation for the months of June to August. Throughout these months, the northern Queen Elizabeth Islands have relatively high radiation, which decreases towards the western sector. Both seasonal and spatial variations of solar radiation may be related to the distribution of clouds.
Microscopic basis for pattern formation and anomalous transport in two-dimensional active gels

Active gels are a class of biologically-relevant material containing embedded agents that spontaneously generate forces acting on a sparse filament network. In vitro experiments of protein filaments and molecular motors have revealed a range of non-equilibrium pattern formation resulting from motor motion along filament tracks, and there are a number of hydrodynamic models purporting to describe such systems. Here we present results of extensive simulations designed to elucidate the microscopic basis underpinning macroscopic flow in active gels. Our numerical scheme includes thermal fluctuations in filament positions, excluded volume interactions, and filament elasticity in the form of bending and stretching modes. Motors are represented individually as bipolar springs governed by rate-based rules for attachment, detachment and unidirectional motion of motor heads along the filament contour. We systematically vary motor density and speed, and uncover parameter regions corresponding to unusual statics and dynamics which overlap but do not coincide. The anomalous statics arise at high motor densities and take the form of end-bound localized filament bundles for rapid motors, and extended clusters exhibiting enhanced small-wavenumber density fluctuations and power-law cluster-size distributions for slow, processive motors. Anomalous dynamics arise for slow, processive motors over a range of motor densities, and are most evident as superdiffusive mass transport, which we argue is the consequence of a form of effective self-propulsion resulting from the polar coupling between motors and filaments.
DSTO Military Information Operations Analysis Using Influence Diagrams And Coloured Petri Nets

This report describes how Influence Diagrams, Coloured Petri Net models and related techniques may be used to analyse certain aspects of Military Information Operations. An example is employed to demonstrate these techniques. The example used is a very simplified representation of a Military Command Organisation dealing with a decision problem. The objective of the report is to provide theory, methods and techniques to support the assessment of the effect of Military Information Operations on such organisations. The simplicity of the example permits the basic concepts to be clearly conveyed. They may readily be extended to the analysis of more complex examples as required. The most fundamental and significant concept developed in this report is that of a common quantitative measure of effectiveness that encompasses all types of Information Operations relevant to Information Warfare. This permits the direct comparison of the effectiveness of alternative Information Operation options with one another and also with conventional operations options. This latter ability is essential if Information Operations are to be employed appropriately as part of a broader range of military options. APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE DEFENCE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION DSTO DTIC QUALITY mSPEiOJBD 4
Acoustic signals in domestic chicken (Gallus gallus): a tool for teaching veterinary ethology and implication for language learning.

In this study chicken were able to express about 30 sounds (Words/syllables) of which 19 were distinctly identified as: warning, alarm, contact, territorial, laying, nesting, mating, threat, submissive, distress, fear , contentment, food, dust bathing, perching, battle cries, privacy, dominance and time calls. And short sentences (A combination of two and three syllables/ cackle). There were also some sounds that were not deciphered. Local chicken have had a good sense of hearing to these sounds as observed from postural, visual and auditory displays. It was found that baby chicks from broody and non broody breeds responded to the acoustic stimulus. While the adults of the commercial breed, did not respond to the acoustic stimulus, showed less motor reactions, postural and vocal displays. Also they produced less syllables. It was concluded that they do not know the language. The songram indicate that chicken produced sound frequency ranging from 50Hz to 10 kHz, this hearing range is within the hearing realm of humans which is 20-20,000Hz. Thus, Birdsong can be used as a biological model of human language, and acoustic communication in chicken can be demonstrated to students without the requirement of special apparatus. The results showed the usefulness of the chicken model in teaching acoustic communication, animal behavior and the importance of imprinting in language learning.
Spatial variation in the relative strength of top-down and bottom-up forces : causes and consequences for phytophagous insect populations

Most ecologists acknowledge that both natural enemies and host-plant resources act in concert to influence populations of insect herbivores. What is poorly known is how the strength of top-down and bottom-up impacts on insect herbivores vary spatially and what factors.dictate the relative strength of these forces. We examined spatially-explicit change in top-down and bottom-up impacts along a tidal gradient on the inter-tidal marshes that fringe the Atlantic coast of North America. These marshes are dominated by extensive stands of Spartina cordgrass and its associated arthropod food web, comprised mostly of herbivorous planthoppers (Prokelisia) and their spider predators. Using "effect sizes" generated from experiments, we show that bottom-up forces dominate in low-marsh habitats and that top-down impacts increase up the elevational gradient. We develop a graphical model that integrates spatial variation in top-down (predation) and bottom-up variables (plant nutrition and vegetation complexity) to make habitat-related predictions concerning herbivore abundance.
Evaluation of the Elastic Mechanical Properties of a Hybrid Adhesive Material

Adhesive materials and adhesion have been the focal point of multiple research works related to numerous applications, particularly, aerospace, and aviation industries. To enhance the properties of conventional adhesive materials, additives have been introduced to the mix in order to enhance their mechanical and physical properties by creating a hybrid adhesive material. The evaluation of the mechanical properties of such hybrid adhesive materials is thus of an essential requirement for the purpose of properly modeling their behavior accurately. This paper presents an approach/tool to simulate the behavior such hybrid adhesives in a way that will allow researchers to better understand their behavior while in service. Keywords—Adhesive materials, analysis, hybrid adhesives, mechanical properties, simulation.
The antioxidant and anti-herpes simplex viruses activity of Morus alba leaves extract.

As viral resistance to available chemical drugs and virus latency duration leads to worries in herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 infections treatment, there are growing need for new anti-herpes treatments. Therefore, the present study was aimed to evaluate the antiviral activity of Morus alba extract against herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and 2) in Vero cells model and the antioxidant property of this extract using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) free-radical assay. HSV-infected Vero cells and cell-free virus suspensions were treated with M. alba extract, and virus yield and infectivity were quantified by cytopathic effect (CPE) assay. The results indicated that the 50% DPPH radical scavenging property of the extract was 122.4 μg/ml. In addition, the data of the present experiment showed that M. alba extract at 2 μg/ml provided 66.7% inhibition of plaque of HSV-1. In addition, M. alba extract at 4 μg/ml provided 48.6% inhibition of plaque of HSV-2. The extracts showed 100% inhibition against HSV-1 and 2 at 5, 7.5 and 10 μg/ml. These properties suggested that M. alba extract may be used as a topical prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent for herpes infections. However, further studies are required to illuminate the active constituents of this extract which may be useful in developing new anti-herpes drugs. Keyword: Morus alba, herpes simplex virus, antiviral, antioxidant.
ROLE OF VDR IN HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE TO PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS INFECTION by GULAM YEZDANI

Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the etiologic factors of periodontal disease, a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by the destruction of periodontal connective tissue and the subsequent loss of alveolar bone. Epidemiological and genetic studies have indicated an association between periodontal disease and the vitamin D system. However, little is known regarding how vitamin D signaling regulates the inflammatory immune process of this disease. The purpose of the study was to understand the role of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in regulating the host response to P. gingivalis infection by using a dual chamber mouse model. These chambers served both as infection and sample collection sites. Chamber exudates of wild type (WT) and VDR knock out (VDR -/) mice were sampled for neutrophil and monocyte levels, bacterial clearance and levels of TNFα, IL-6, IL-12p40, and IL-10 cytokines. In addition, serum cytokines, P. gingivalis specific CD4 + T cell cytokine responses and serum antibody responses were assessed. Our results showed similar levels of neutrophil and monocyte infiltration in WT and VDR -/mice following P. ginigvalis infection. However, VDR -/mice exhibited a significantly higher level of bacteria than WT mice. Furthermore, significant higher
Assessment of resistance spot welding quality based on ultrasonic testing and tree ‐ based techniques

Classification And Regression Tree (CART) and Random Forest techniques were proposed as pattern recognition tools for classification of ultrasonic oscillograms of Resistance Spot Welding (RSW) joints. The results showed that CART models produced an acceptable error rate with high interpretability. These features may be used to understand and control the decision processes, instruct other human operators, compare margins of safety or modify them depending on the criticality of the industrial process. Compared with CART trees, random forests reduced the error rate at the cost of decreasing decision interpretability. The use of the agreement of the forest was proposed as a measure to reduce the workload of human operators, who would only have to focus on the analysis of ultrasonic oscillograms that are difficult to interpret.
Improved Model Free Adaptive Control for Winding System

The winding system is a strong coupling system with parameter variability, uncertainty, structural complexity and external interference. Aiming at the problem that the saturation of the actuator of winding system affects the control effect, a modified partial form dynamic linearization(PFDL) model-free adaptive control(MFAC) method considering the actuator saturation is proposed. The MFAC method based on adaptive observer is used to reduce the complexity of pseudo-Jacobian parameter matrix. At the same time, considering the dynamic constraint of the control quantity, an anti-saturation compensator is designed to dispose the control variable input rate and the limitation of the magnitude. The results show that the improved control algorithm can dispose the actuator’ saturation problem, and can realize the fast tracking and stability control of tension and speed.
A metapopulation perspective for salmon and other anadromous fish

Salmonids are an important component of biodiversity, culture and economy in several regions, particularly the North Pacific Rim. Given this importance, they have been intensively studied for about a century, and the pioneering scientists recognized the critical link between population structure and conservation. Spatial structure is indeed of prime importance for salmon conservation and management. At first glance, the essence of the metapopulation concept, i.e. a population of populations, widely used on other organisms like butterflies, seems to be particularly relevant to salmon, and more generally to anadromous fish. Nevertheless, the concept is rarely used, and barely tested. Here, we present a metapopulation perspective for anadromous fish, assessing in terms of processes rather than of patterns the set of necessary conditions for metapopulation dynamics to exist. Salmon, and particularly sockeye salmon in Alaska, are used as an illustrative case study. A review of life history traits indicates that the three basic conditions are likely to be fulfilled by anadromous salmon: (i) the spawning habitat is discrete and populations are spatially separated by unsuitable habitat; (ii) some asynchrony is present in the dynamics of more or less distant populations and (iii) dispersal links populations because some salmon stray from their natal population. The implications of some peculiarities of salmon life history traits, unusual in classical metapopulations, are also discussed. Deeper understanding of the population structure of anadromous fish will be advanced by future studies on specific topics: (i) criteria must be defined for the delineation of suitable habitats that are based on features of the biotope and not on the presence of fish; (ii) the collection of long-term data and the development of improved methods to determine age structure are essential for correctly estimating levels of asynchrony between populations and (iii) several key aspects of dispersal are still poorly understood and need to be examined in detail: the spatial and temporal scales of dispersal movements, the origin and destination populations instead of simple straying rates, and the relative reproductive success of immigrants and residents.
A Proposed Concept of Operations for Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring

Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (ARAIM) is a concept that extends today’s RAIM by incorporating dual frequency and multiple constellations. ARAIM will dramatically improve the availability of horizontal guidance, and has the possibility to evolve to provide worldwide vertical guidance. A key feature of ARAIM is the Integrity Support Message (ISM). The ISM includes information about the constellations and satellites that the receiver requires in order to provide integrity to the user. Since it was first proposed, the concept of ARAIM and the ISM has evolved to take into account institutional and technical constraints, but there are still many open questions. In this paper we describe our vision for the ARAIM concept of operations for Horizontal ARAIM, which would be the first step in the deployment of ARAIM. We describe high level requirements for the different stakeholders (GNSS providers, the air navigation service providers, and the receiver manufacturers) by addressing the following topics: ISM origin, ISM latency, ISM broadcast, receiver requirements, and ICAO SARPs requirements.
Journey from Infertile Frame to Fertile Living

Longing for children and the heartbreak of futility have been a part and parcel of life since the beginning of mankind. The paper gives an in depth understanding of infertility as a medical, psychological and social condition with suitable theoretical frameworks. The paper identifies the key role of infertility counselor, a mental health professional trained in reproductive medicine, in an individual/couple journey from the beginning of treatment to beyond treatment. Infertility counselor contributes by providing effective therapeutic interventions to improve patient wellbeing and response to treatment and giving different perspectives for understanding the issue from cultural, gender and societal point of view. Finally, the paper discusses importance of the transition from childlessness to child-free and the role of infertility counselor in facilitating it.
Performance Modelling of Dynamic Server Allocation for Energy Efficiency using PEPA

Power consumption in data centres receive a huge concern by data centre providers. This project, consider modelling a policy in PEPA to control powering on or off servers dynamically. The main focus was to identify and reflect over the trade-off between saving energy (by powering down servers) and performance cost. While powering down servers save energy, it could increase the performance cost. The experiment analyses the effect of the policy on energy consumption and performance cost. Different combination of dynamic and static servers used in this policy against different scenarios including changes job arrival rate, job arrival duration and the time that is needed by servers to fully power on and serve jobs. This gives an interesting outcome because every scenario is unique and therefore no server combinations does gives low energy and high performance in all scenario.
Resolved imaging of the HD 191089 debris disc

Two-thirds of the F star members of the 12 Myr old β Pictoris moving group (BPMG) show significant excess emission in the mid-infrared, several million years after the expected dispersal of the protoplanetary disc. Theoretical models of planet formation suggest that this peak in the mid-infrared emission could be due to the formation of Pluto-sized bodies in the disc, which ignite the collisional cascade and enhance the production of small dust. Here we present resolved mid-infrared imaging of the disc of HD 191089 (F5V in the BPMG) and consider its implications for the state of planet formation in this system. HD 191089 was observed at 18.3 μm using T-ReCS on Gemini South and the images were compared to models of the disc to constrain the radial distribution of the dust. The emission observed at 18.3 μm is shown to be significantly extended beyond the point spread function (PSF) at a position angle of 80°. This is the first time dust emission has been resolved around HD 191089. Modelling indicates that the emission arises from a dust belt from 28 to 90 au, inclined at 35° from edge on with very little emission from the inner 28 au of the disc, indicating the presence of an inner cavity. The steep slope of the inner edge is more consistent with truncation by a planet than with ongoing stirring. A tentative brightness asymmetry F W /F E = 0.80 ± 0.12 (1.8σ) between the two sides of the disc could be evidence for perturbations from a massive body on an eccentric orbit in the system.
Preservice Teachers' Internet Addiction in Terms of Gender, Internet Access, Loneliness and Life Satisfaction.

The aim of this study is to investigate pre-service teachers’ Internet addiction in terms of gender, Internet accessibility, loneliness and life satisfaction. Statistical analyses were completed on the data by the 247 pre-service teachers that filled the surveys completely. According to findings, pre-service teachers’ level of loneliness and Internet addiction scores is low while their life satisfaction scores are high. Male participants are more addicted to the Internet than female participants. Also those, males and females, who had Internet access, had more tendencies to be addicted to the Internet. There is evidence to indicate a positive correlation between loneliness and Internet addiction, and negative correlation between life satisfaction and Internet addiction. Based on the results several different suggestions are made for continuing research in this field.
Sediment core fossils in ancient Lake Ohrid: testing for faunal change since the Last Interglacial

Abstract. Ancient Lake Ohrid is probably of early Pleistocene or Pliocene origin and amongst the few lakes in the world harbouring an outstanding degree of endemic biodiversity. Although there is a long history of evolutionary research in Lake Ohrid, particularly on molluscs, a mollusc fossil record has been missing up to date. For the first time, gastropod and bivalve fossils are reported from the basal, calcareous part of a 2.6 m long sediment succession (core Co1200) from the north-eastern part of Lake Ohrid. Electron spin resonance (ESR) dating of mollusc shells from the same stratigraphic level yielded an age of 130 ± 28 ka. Lithofacies III sediments, i.e. a stratigraphic subdivision comprising the basal succession of core Co1200 between 181.5–263 cm, appeared solid, greyish-white, and consisted almost entirely of silt-sized endogenic calcite (CaCO3>70%) and intact and broken mollusc shells. Here we compare the faunal composition of the thanatocoenosis with recent mollusc associations in Lake Ohrid. A total of 13 mollusc species (9 gastropod and 4 bivalve species) could be identified within Lithofacies III sediments. The value of sediment core fossils for reconstructing palaeoenvironmental settings was evaluated and the agreement between sediment and palaeontological proxies was tested. The study also aims at investigating major faunal changes since the Last Interglacial and searching for signs of extinction events. The combined findings of the ecological study and the sediment characteristics suggest deposition in a shallow water environment during the Last Interglacial. The fossil fauna exclusively included species also found in the present fauna, i.e. no extinction events are evident for this site since the Last Interglacial. The thanatocoenosis showed the highest similarity with recent Intermediate Layer (5–25 m water depth) mollusc assemblages. The demonstrated existence of a mollusc fossil record in Lake Ohrid sediment cores also has great significance for future deep drilling projects. It can be hoped that a more far reaching mollusc fossil record will then be obtained, enabling insight into the early evolutionary history of Lake Ohrid.