Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF BIOLUMINESCENCE AND OTHER EFFECTOR RESPONSES IN THE PENNATULID COELENTERATE

In benthic marine invertebrates with planktonic larval forms, the conversion from larva to adult usually involves significant morphological and physiological changes. The morphological changes can involve destruction and resorption as well as elaboration and reorganization of larval structures, the production of new tissues and structures, and renewed differentiation of adult organ rudiments (see, for example, Bonar, 1978; Cameron and Hinegardner, 1974, 1978). Despite a wealth of information concerning morphological changes which occur at metamorphosis of marine invertebrate larvae, little is known about the physiological changes at this critical time. In particular, little is known about functional changes in the nervous and effector systems during larval maturation and transformation to the adult form. The ideal preparation for studying changes in larval neuroeffector function is one in which the organization of nervous and effector elements is simple, the systems in question can be easily monitored, the adult neuroeffector systems are well understood, and the larval stages are relatively large and easy to raise through metamorphosis. These conditions are approached in the octocoral Renilla kollikcri. The nervous elements of Renilla are arranged in a diffuse neural network (Satterlie, Anderson and Case, 1976). This nerve net is through-conducting, that is, an impulse initiated in one area of the net is transmitted throughout the remaining portion without decrement (Anderson and Case, 1975 ; Satterlie, Anderson and Case, 1976). Effector function in Renilla, and other anthozoans, is based on perhaps the simplest integrative mechanism, peripheral frequency dependent facilitation (Pantin, 1935; Parker, 1920; Nicol, 1955a, b) and is therefore relatively predictable. Although larvae of Renilla are not large enough for electrophysiological recording, they possess an effector system, the bioluminescent system, which is easily monitored photometrically. Furthermore, in live preparations, the luminescent cells (photocytes) fluoresce when illuminated with the proper exciting wavelength of light. The luminescent system can therefore be monitored both morphologically and physiologically in live, intact specimens. The neuroeffector systems of adult Renilla colonies, including the luminescent system, have been examined in some detail (Anderson and Case, 1975). Electrical impulses were recorded from a colonial conduction system which controls bioluminescence, polyp withdrawal and colonial contraction. Semi-autonomous polyp conduction systems are also active (Anderson and Case, 1975).
Studies on function and dysfunction of the masticatory system. I. An epidemiological investigation of symptoms of dysfunction in Lapps in the north of Finland.

This paper gives the age- and sex distribution of symptoms of dysfunction of the masticatory system in 321 Lapps in Northern Finland. According to both an anamnestic and a clinical dysfunction index roughly the same prevalence of dysfunction was found among men as among women. The few sex differences which were found were small. Women had a significantly higher frequency of headache, pain in the neck and shoulders and fatigue of the jaws. On the average women had a worse dental state than men, who on the other hand reported luxations of the TMJ and some biting para-functions more frequently than women. The age distribution was remarkably even for most of the recorded symptoms. General symptoms as headache, general joint and muscle symptoms, however, increased in frequency with age. For some of the anamnestic variables (oral parafunctions, feeling of fatigue of the jaws and facial pain) the age group 35-44 years showed the highest frequencies. The lowest frequencies of both anamnestic and clinical symptoms.
New physical model for ultra-scaled 3D nitride-trapping non-volatile memories

In this paper, we present a semi-analytical model tailored for nitride Charge-Trap TriGate (CT-3G) non-volatile memories under uniform stress: Fowler-Nordheim (FN) program (P) and erase (E) performances are reproduced. This model presents innovations in the tunnelling current calculation at corners through the Hankel function formalism. The validation of the model is operated through extensive comparisons with experimental data obtained on ultra-scaled devices with different aspect ratios and gate stacks. Scaling opportunities of such kind of 3D devices are deeply discussed.
A systematic technique for optimizing multiple branch FIR filters for sampling rate conversion

A systematic approach is proposed for designing a class of special linear-phase FIR filters, called multiple branch filters, for sampling rate conversion such that the multiplication rate is minimized. The proposed filters consist of two basic parts. First, as for the polyphase decomposition, the first filter part is implemented using several branches. For the polyphase decomposition, the overall transfer function is constructed using D branches, where D is the sampling rate conversion ratio, and each branch is expressible as z/sup -(k-1)/B/sub k/(z/sup D/) for k=1, 2, /spl middot//spl middot//spl middot/, D. The key idea in reducing the arithmetic complexity in implementing the first filter part is based on the following two facts. First, the first part is expressed as A/sub k/(z)B/sub k/(z/sup D/) for k=1, 2, /spl middot//spl middot//spl middot/, K, where K is only two or three. Second, both the A/sub k/(z)'s are, instead of delay terms z/sup -(k-1)/, and the B(z/sup D/)'s are, instead of nonlinear-phase FIR filters, linear-phase FIR filters with either symmetrical or anti-symmetrical impulse responses, enabling one to exploit the coefficient symmetries in the implementation.
TRPV1 channels control synaptic plasticity in the developing superior colliculus

Long‐term depression (LTD) in the rodent superior colliculus (SC) is regarded as a model of synaptic refinement because it can be induced during development but not in adults. We investigated the role of transient receptor potential vanilloid type‐1 (TRPV1) channels in this type of synaptic plasticity. Experiments were carried out in pigmented mice aged between postnatal day 8 (P8) and 42 (P42) and in adult mice. Retinal axons to the SC were labelled by injection of cholera toxin‐β (CTβ) into the eye. Immunohistochemical staining for CTβ, TRPV1 and markers of glutamatergic and GABAergic cells and fibres (VGLUT1 and VGAT or GAD65, respectively) was performed by using multiple immunofluorescence. This showed that both glutamatergic retinal afferents to, and some GABAergic neurones in, the superficial SC are TRPV1 positive in juvenile but not adult mice. Field potential recordings were made from the superficial grey layer in parasagittal SC slices, and LTD (76 ± 8% of control responses) was induced with a 50 Hz, 20 s tetanus. Activation of TRPV1 with resiniferatoxin also reduced field potential amplitude to 84 ± 8% of control values. Blockade of TRPV1 with the selective antagonist 5′‐iodo‐resiniferatoxin prevented the induction of LTD (98 ± 4% of control values), but did not cause its reversal if LTD was already established. N‐acylphosphatidylethanolamine‐specific phospholipase D and 12‐lipoxygenase, two proposed endovanilloid biosynthesizing enzymes, were co‐expressed with TRPV1 in the SC at P14 and P28. These results suggest that TRPV1 modulates retinocollicular responses in the developing SC and is activated during tetanic stimulation by endovanilloid ligands to participate in the induction of LTD.
A New Efficient KEA Based Approach for E-mail Spam Detection

With the increased advancement in technology and the proliferation of internet applications, electronic mails become an increasingly essential means of communication, for both individuals and organizations. In the recent years, however, spam's become the most unsolicited forms of messages that invade the most important services of internet: Electronic mail and search engines. The last decade witnessed a great reaction towards these annoying spam's by applying a variety of filtering techniques to combat spammers, based on the assumption that in any spam mail, there are specific words/patterns that provide indications of spam's, that is, there are predefined barriers that distinguish a spam message from a legitimate one. The most used techniques for spam detection are Bayesian Classifiers that have been argued to be efficient for filtering E-mail spam. However, as spam detection techniques evolve, spammers evolve too so as to prove their excellence to adapt to the predefined barriers. Therefore, contentbased recognition techniques must be applied on emails to detect spams based on the semantic of their contents. In this paper, we propose a new approach for email spam detection based on k-means algorithm and the Keyphrase Extraction Algorithm (KEA). Our approach achieves high classification accuracy in the sense that it takes into consideration the semantic nature of the textual contents.
Cholinesterase levels and morbidity in pesticide sprayers in North India.

BACKGROUND Pesticide sprayers in North India use different application methods for different crops. AIMS To compare cholinesterase activity and symptoms in knapsack and tractor-mounted pesticide sprayers. METHODS Blood cholinesterase activity and symptoms were recorded for 42 knapsack and 66 tractor-mounted sprayers attending a health camp in North India in 2009 and for 30 controls. RESULTS One hundred and eight of 197 (55%) eligible sprayers consented to participate. Mean acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase activity was 33 and 60% lower, respectively, in knapsack sprayers than in controls (P < 0.001) and 56 and 62% lower, respectively, in tractor-mounted sprayers than in controls (P < 0.001). AChE depletion was greater in tractor-mounted sprayers than in knapsack sprayers (P < 0.001). In knapsack sprayers compared to controls, odds ratios (OR) were significantly raised for musculoskeletal symptoms (OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.03-18) but not for other symptoms. In tractor-mounted sprayers compared to controls, ORs were significantly raised for neurological (OR 7, 95% CI 2-23), ocular (OR 8.7, 95% CI 2.7-32), respiratory (OR 5.14, 95% CI 1-29), cardiovascular (OR 7.5, 95% CI 2-42), gastrointestinal (OR 5.43, 95% CI 2-18) and musculoskeletal (OR 6.12, 95% CI 2-26) symptoms but not for dermal symptoms (OR 1.93, 95% CI 0.3-20). CONCLUSIONS The risk of cholinesterase inhibition and symptoms is greater in tractor-mounted than in knapsack pesticide sprayers and in both groups compared to controls. Occupational exposure in pesticide sprayers in North India needs better control, perhaps through redesign of spraying equipment.
Is there a place for department stores on the Internet? Lessons from an abandoned pilot

The potential of Internet retailing is widely promoted yet some retailers have been slow to embrace the technology. Department stores typically have only an information presence on the World Wide Web. This paper describes a pilot project by one of Australia's leading department stores. The case is used to describe certain lessons about Internet retailing and the use of pilot projects. Department stores' decisions whether to adopt electronic retailing are analysed in terms of the opportunities and threats that face them and the capabilities required for success. The conclusion is reached that, as yet, there is no obvious place for established department stores on the Internet.
An Evolutionary Multi-centers Based Dynamical Clustering Algorithm

Clustering method is one of the important data mining techniques which is used to group objects into a pre-specified number of clusters. However to many datasets it is usually hard for users to estimate correctly its number of clusters. To solve the problem of existing clustering algorithms, a multi- center based evolutionary clustering method is proposed in this paper. To dynamically determine the number of clusters well and robustly on irregularly structured datasets, multiple centers are assigned to each cluster and each individual is evaluated with two modified fitness functions, i.e. heuristic intra-cluster variation fitness function and connectivity fitness function. The corresponding evolutionary operators are designed. Experimental results on the UCI datasets and artificial datasets show that our proposed method can obtain good clustering results and outperforms other comparative methods.
Anti-ribosomal P protein antibody in human systemic lupus erythematosus up-regulates the expression of proinflammatory cytokines by human peripheral blood monocytes.

OBJECTIVE Autoantibodies to ribosomal P proteins (anti-P antibodies) are detected in 12-16% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and have been found to be associated with some manifestations of the disease, including lupus psychosis and hepatitis. Recent studies have disclosed that anti-P antibodies react with activated T cells but not with B cells, suggesting possible direct effects of anti-P antibodies on immune regulation. The present study was designed to explore the presence of the epitope recognized by anti-P antibodies on human peripheral blood monocytes. METHODS Highly purified peripheral blood monocytes obtained from healthy donors were cultured with or without interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) in the presence of either anti-P antibodies purified by affinity chromatography from the sera of patients with SLE or control IgG. RESULTS Flow cytometry analysis disclosed that fresh (day 0) monocytes did not express the ribosomal P epitope, whereas expression of the ribosomal P epitope was induced on annexin V-negative monocytes after activation through plastic adherence for 48 hours. More important, anti-P antibodies (compared with normal IgG or IgG from SLE patients devoid of anti-P antibodies) enhanced the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by activated monocytes. Accordingly, anti-P antibodies also up-regulated the expression of TNFalpha and IL-6 messenger RNA in activated monocytes. Of note, F(ab')(2) fragments of anti-P antibodies, which do not result in Fcgamma receptor (FcgammaR) crosslinking, also effectively up-regulated the expression of TNFalpha and IL-6. CONCLUSION These results indicate that human peripheral blood monocytes express the ribosomal P epitope upon activation, irrespective of induction of apoptosis. Moreover, the data suggest that anti-P antibodies might modify a variety of inflammatory responses through up-regulation of the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in monocytes, in a manner that does not involve FcgammaR crosslinking.
A 94 GHz flip-chip packaged SiGe BiCMOS LNA on an LCP substrate

In this paper, the authors present for the first time a 94 GHz flip-chip packaged SiGe BiCMOS LNA on a liquid-crystal-polymer (LCP) substrate. The LNA is a custom design in a 0.13 μm SiGe BiCMOS process, and features a four stage common-emitter topology. The measured on-wafer gain equals 17.2 dB and the noise figure is below 7 dB at 94 GHz with a 3dB bandwidth of 18 GHz and a power consumption of 24 mW. For the packaging, the flip-chip technique is utilized on a flexible, light-weight LCP substrate material. Measured results show that the packaged LNA provides 15.9 dB gain (at the same power consumption), only 1.3 dB lower than the on-wafer case. These results demonstrate the suitability of the LCP as a substrate material, and the low-loss potential of the flip-chip packaging technique for millimeter-wave applications.
Design of self-contained biped walker with pneumatic actuators

A McKibben artificial muscle has suitable properties for realizing walking and running biped robots such as light weight, springy nature, and efficiency. Since controlling McKibben muscles is difficult because of their nonlinearity, we have to design robot dynamic parameters carefully. If the parameters are designed properly, the walking controller can be simple. In this paper, we describe a developed walking biped robot utilizing McKibben muscles and study on the influence of dynamic parameters on walking behaviors.
Assessing the Applicability of the GTR Nucleotide Substitution Model Through Simulations

The General Time Reversible (GTR) model of nucleotide substitution is at the core of many distance-based and character-based phylogeny inference methods. The procedure described by Waddell and Steel (1997), for estimating distances and instantaneous substitution rate matrices, R, under the GTR model, is known to be inapplicable under some conditions, ie, it leads to the inapplicability of the GTR model. Here, we simulate the evolution of DNA sequences along 12 trees characterized by different combinations of tree length, (non-)homogeneity of the substitution rate matrix R, and sequence length. We then evaluate both the frequency of the GTR model inapplicability for estimating distances and the accuracy of inferred alignments. Our results indicate that, inapplicability of the Waddel and Steel's procedure can be considered a real practical issue, and illustrate that the probability of this inapplicability is a function of substitution rates and sequence length. We also discuss the implications of our results on the current implementations of maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods.
2014 outbreak of enterovirus D68 in North America

Enterovirus D68 (EV‐D68) is an emerging picornavirus which causes severe respiratory disease, predominantly in children. In 2014, the largest and most widespread outbreak of EV‐D68 described to date was reported in North America. Hospitals throughout the United States and Canada reported surges in patient volumes and resource utilization from August to October, 2014. In the US a total of 1,153 infections were confirmed in 49 states, although this is an underestimate of the likely millions of cases that occurred but were not tested. EV‐D68 was detected in 14 patients who died; the role of the virus in these deaths is unknown. A possible association between EV‐D68 and cases of acute flaccid paralysis with spinal cord gray matter lesions, known as acute flaccid myelitis, was observed during the outbreak and is under investigation. The 2014 outbreak of EV‐D68 in North America demonstrates the public health importance of this emerging pathogen. J. Med. Virol. 88:739–745, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
24 GHz CMOS voltage controlled oscillator based on the open loop multiple split ring resonator

In this paper, CMOS voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) using the square open loop multiple split ring resonator (OLMSRR) structure is presented for the reduction of the phase noise. Compared with the conventional CMOS LC based resonator, the proposed CMOS resonator using the OLMSRR structure has the larger coupling coefficient value, which makes a higher Q-factor, and has improved the phase noise of the CMOS VCO. The output power and phase noise of the proposed CMOS VCO is −1.67 dBm and −99.67 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset in the oscillation frequency, respectively‥ The power consumption of the proposed CMOS VCO is 3.2 mW at 1.2-V VDD and the figure-of-merit (FOM) is −182.5 dBc/Hz. The prototype of the proposed CMOS VCO is implemented in 130nm CMOS technology and occupies a compact die area of 0.42 mm2.
On the Demand for High-Beta Stocks: Evidence from Mutual Funds

Prior studies have documented that pension plan sponsors often monitor a fund’s performance relative to a benchmark. We use a first-difference approach to show that in an effort to beat benchmarks, fund managers controlling large pension assets tend to increase their exposure to high-beta stocks, while aiming to maintain tracking errors around the benchmark. The findings support theoretical conjectures that benchmarking can lead managers to tilt their portfolio toward high-beta stocks and away from low-beta stocks, which can reinforce observed pricing anomalies.Received March 20, 2014; editorial decision October 25, 2016 by Editor Laura Starks.
Advances in Brief Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Genetic Aberrations in Single Cells by Spectral Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization 1

Spectral fluorescencein situ hybridization (S-FISH) is a novel molecular cytogenetic approach that detects multiple disease-specific chromosomal aberrations in interphase nuclei using combinatorial fluorescence and digital imaging microscopy. A panel of six centromeric probes for chromosomes 7, 8, 9, 10, X, and Y, using a unique two-dye combination of four fluorophores, was developed to assess ploidy in breast tumors, bladder washings, and leukemia. Validation of S-FISH was performed by classic cytogenetics when metaphases were available or by standard fluorescencein situ hybridization (FISH) analyses. S-FISH identified clonal aberrations in newly diagnosed breast tumors and recurrent bladder cancer and revealed minimal residual disease in hyperdiploid acute lymphocytic leukemia, providing “proof of concept. ” Like standard FISH, aberrations were identified in poor growth/no growth specimen at the single cell level; however, S-FISH provided increased sensitivity over standard FISH by surveying six genetic targets instead of one or two. Disadvantages of the current assay include labor intensive screening and interpretative challenges with signal overlap in highly aneuploid samples and focal plane distortions. S-FISH appears to be a sensitive oncology assay with significant clinical application for early detection of new or reemerging clones, allowing for earlier therapeutic intervention and development of probe panels for individualized therapy.
Case report of myometrial window following fetoscopic treatment of twin‐twin transfusion syndrome: indications of underlying collagen vascular disease?

Intraperitoneal amniotic fluid leak is a known complication of fetoscopic procedures that usually resolves spontaneously with expectant management. Intraperitoneal amniotic fluid leak may persist after fetoscopic procedures due to a myometrial window as well as to persistent chorioamniotic membrane disruption, which may be amenable to surgical repair.
Systems, networks, and ecosystems in service research

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to create awareness on the need for lifting up the level of analysis in service research by focusing on systems, networks, and ecosystems to contribute to the research expansion of the traditionally narrow view of service. Design/methodology/approach – This conceptual paper is built upon three blocks. First, the viable systems approach is revised to highlight the survival, viability, and complexity of service systems. Second, the dynamics of service networks is discussed using an ecological view of service with a nested, networked configuration. Third, these two previous perspectives are integrated using the fundamentals of ecosystems thinking. Findings – This paper outlines a novel, tri-level approach reorienting and reframing our thinking around systems, networks, and ecosystems. Some research challenges and directions that could expand the body of knowledge in service research are also discussed. Research limitations/implications – The tri-level approach proposed .