Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A numerical prediction of bed shear stresses in the wave-current turbulent boundary layer over flat sea beds

The turbulent boundary-layer flow over flat rough beds due to a wave or to combined wave-current interaction is studied using a numerical turbulence closure model of K-L type. Different cases of modelling are discussed and illustrated by numerical examples. The model was run for a wide range of parameters of wave, current, bed roughness and angle of interaction. The curves of dimensionless mean and maximum bed shear stresses obtained present the non-linearity of the wave-current interaction. The parameterization of results is realized in order to facilitate the incorporation of bed shear stresses into coastal morphodynamic models.
Chlorophylla Fluorescence Imaging Technique for Fresh Quality Assessment of Tomato and Pepper FruitsStoredUnder Different Conditions

The objective of this study was to find a rapid determination of the freshness of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) and pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.)fruits using portable chlorophyll fluorescence imaging instrument. To assess the fresh quality of tomato and pepper fruits, an imaging anlaysis of the photochemical responses of pericarp or exocarp of tomato and pepper fruits was performed with fruits preserved under the different storage conditions. The observed chlorophyll imaging photos were numerically transformed to the photochemical parameters on the basis of chlorophyll fluorescence.The storage conditions for fruits were regulated as follows; room temperature (control), heat (42°C), wet (25°C and 80% relative humidity), and chilling (4°C) conditions. Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging (CFI) method showed that the decrease in F v /F m ratios of pepper fruits was lower at room temperatureand under wet condition than the other conditions. Although F v /F m ratios and ΦPSII values in tomato fruits showed low fluorescence responses, the changing patterns have permitted to determine th freshness. In heat condition, the photochemical parameters calculated from the images of F v /F m ratios, ΦPSII and non-photoquenching (NPQ) were also available to determine the freshness of fruits. In our study, it was clearly indicated that the chillingcondition was the suitable condition for thelong storage of tomato and pepper fruits. The CFI analysis is applicable as a rapid screening method for the determination of freshness of tomato and pepper fruits.
What do Natural Categorization Studies Tell us about the Concepts of Apes and Bears

To properly test hypotheses about the emergence of cognitive capacities in humans and other animals, it is important to test species that differ in morphology and ecology. One of the most notable aspects of animal ecology that has been championed as a factor in the evolution of cognitive skills is social complexity. However, to determine the significance of social lifestyle on an organism"s cognitive abilities, it is important to test both social and less social species in similar tasks. We have conducted a series of natural categorization studies with three great ape species and recently extended this program of research to include American black bears (Ursus Americanus). Here we analyze the bears" choices of stimuli from our previously published categorization experiments and compare the pattern of their choices to that of apes tested previously. Like the apes, the individual bears show idiosyncratic choices that do not clearly differentiate between conceptual and perceptual strategies in performing categorization tasks. Despite their relatively asocial lifestyles, bears thus far appear to display cognitive abilities commiserate with those of the great apes. We suggest that researchers broaden their approach to study more diverse species in analogous tasks and make a concerted effort to view experimental tasks from the animals" perspectives.
SIMULATED ANNEALING TECHNIQUE TO DESIGN MINIMUM COST EXCHANGER

Owing to the wide utilization of heat exchangers in industrial processes, their cost minimization is an important target for both designers and users. Traditional design approaches are based on iterative procedures which gradually change the design and geometric parameters to satisfy a given heat duty and constraints. Although well proven, this kind of approach is time consuming and may not lead to cost effective design as no cost criteria are explicitly accounted for. The present study explores the use of non-traditional optimization technique called simulated annealing (SA), for design optimization of shell and tube heat exchangers from an economic point of view. The optimization procedure involves the selection of the major geometric parameters such as tube diameters, tube length, baffle spacing, number of tube passes, tube layout, type of head, baffle cut, etc., and minimization of total annual cost is considered as the design target. The presented simulated annealing technique is simple in concept, few in parameters and easy for implementations. Furthermore, the SA algorithm explores the good quality solutions quickly, giving the designer more degrees of freedom in the final choice with respect to traditional methods. The methodology takes into account the geometric and operational constraints typically recommended by design codes. Three different case studies are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of proposed algorithm. The SA approach is able to reduce the total cost of the heat exchanger compared to cost obtained by the previously reported GA approach.
Changes in Land Use and their Effectson Soil Properties in Huixian KarstWetland System

To gain a better understanding of the impact from the land-use change in the Huixian karst wetland system, we analyzed soil microflora, enzyme activities, and physicochemical properties from three land-use types (natural wetland, paddy field, and dry farmland). The results showed that soil pH, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, cation exchange capacity, exchangeable Ca and Mg, and the cellulase and alkaline phosphatase activities in the dry farmland were significantly lower than those in the paddy field and natural wetland (p<0.05). However, soil pH, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, cation exchange capacity, exchangeable Ca and Mg, and the cellulase and alkaline phosphatase activities made no significant difference to the paddy field and the natural wetland (p>0.05). Moreover, the soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in the dry farmland were also lower than those in the paddy field and natural wetland, although no significant differences were observed (p>0.05). This suggests that, in the alkali condition, natural wetland with high biomass and weak microbial activity may be an important carbon sink. In the CCA biplot, it can be seen that the natural wetland cluster intersects with the paddy field cluster and the dry farmland cluster in the same quadrant (although the paddy field and the dry farmland clusters are separate). Therefore, we concluded that the natural wetland usually was reclaimed as paddy field or dry farmland directly for agricultural output in the Huixian karst wetland system. The paddy field has a waterlogged condition and shows the similar results to natural wetland, which can be regarded as artificial wetland. In view of the similar ecosystem services by paddy fields as substitutes of natural wetland, if the degradation trend of natural karst wetland can’t be reversed, the paddy field should be preserved in the Huixian karst wetland system for its ecosystem service.
Logit Model of Computer-Based Data-Driven Creative Idea Generation in the Industry and Service Sectors

Organizational creativity and employee idea generation have become important and essential elements of an organization’s success, as creativity results to increased performance. The need of increased creativity is evident in industrial and service companies. The main idea behind this paper is to analyze and demonstrate if accessing various types of data in certain ways and/or situations affects creative idea generation by the people involved in different industrial/service sectors, considering that now most of the employees use digital data. The current paper discusses how seven different factors are related to digital data affect creativity.
Reaping the Economic Benefits of Decarbonization for China

China needs to reduce its carbon emissions if global climate change mitigation is to succeed. Conventional economic analysis views cutting emissions as a cost, creating a collective action problem. However, decarbonization can improve productivity and provide co-benefits that accord with multiple national policy objectives. We track China's progress in reducing the emissions intensity of the economy, and construct a macro scenario with China's carbon emissions peaking in the 2020s. Investment in greater energy productivity and economic restructuring away from heavy industries can bring productivity gains, and decarbonization of energy supply has important co-benefits for air pollution and energy security. Combined with lower climate change risks and the likelihood that China's actions will influence other countries, this suggests that cutting carbon emissions is not only in China's self-interest but also in the global interest. To properly identify the true costs and benefits of climate change action requires new thinking in economic analysis.
“ ABANDON ALL HOPE YE WHO ENTER HERE ” : THE CRITIQUE OF CONSUMER SOCIETY IN AMERICAN PSYCHO AND FIGHT CLUB

This article explores the politics of two films, namely American Psycho (Mary Harron, 2000) and Fight Club (David Fincher, 1999), both of which portray a privileged, white collar protagonist suffering from a personality disorder that leads him to commit violent acts. Set in the late 20th century America characterized by rampant consumerism, stark materialism and fierce competition, both films suggest that it is the debilitating impact of the commodifed, commodity-driven consumer society that leads the protagonists to resort to violence as a way of transcending their depthless, shallow, one-dimensional existence. The aim of this article is to demonstrate that both American Psycho and Fight Club present a critique of American society through the portrayal of protagonists whose pathologically violent behaviour stems from the dehumanizing effects of consumer culture on the individual psyche.
Analysis of Black Hole and Wormhole Attack using AODV Protocol

Ad hoc is used to describe solutions that are developed on-the-fly for a specific purpose or Ad hoc is used to indicate something that is done at the time without planning ahead of time. In this paper, we have analyzed the performance of Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET) under Black hole and wormhole attack. As for any network the delay, throughput are main parameter so here we are analyzing the throughput of the network. The NS2 network simulator has been used and graphs have been produced using xgraph.
A kinetic energy backscatter algorithm for use in ensemble prediction systems

Physical justification is provided for the use of kinetic energy backscatter in forecast models, particularly in respect of ensemble prediction systems. The rate of energy backscatter to scales near the truncation limit is controlled by a total energy dissipation function involving contributions from numerical diffusion, mountain drag and deep convection. A cellular automaton is used to generate evolving patterns that, together with the dissipation function, define a stream‐function forcing field. Each member of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ensemble forecast system is perturbed by a different realization of this backscatter forcing, and the resulting increase in ensemble spread, if not excessive, has a beneficial impact on probabilistic measures of forecast skill. The input of small‐scale kinetic energy by the backscatter algorithm also helps to correct a known problem with the energy spectrum in the ECMWF model—the absence of the observed −5/3 spectral slope in the mesoscales. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society.
High-Accuracy Point Positioning with Low-Cost GPS Receivers: How Good Can It Get?

High-accuracy, point positioning has been an attractive research topic in the GPS community for a number of years. The overall quality of precise point positioning results is also dependent on the quality of the GPS measurements and user’s processing software. Dualfrequency, geodetic-quality GPS receivers are routinely used both in static and kinematic applications for highaccuracy point positioning. However, use of low-cost, single-frequency GPS receivers in similar applications creates a challenge because of how the ionosphere, multipath and other measurement error sources are handled. In this paper, we examine the potential use of such receivers to provide horizontal positioning accuracies of a few decimetres. Practical applications of post-processed, high-accuracy, single-frequency point positioning include a myriad of terrestrial and spaceborne applications, where the size and cost of the GPS unit is an issue. Our processing technique uses pseudorange and timedifferenced carrier-phase measurements in a sequential least-squares filter. In developing our approach, we have attempted to separate and examine each measurement error, describe its properties and maximum error effect on the results, and implement algorithms to mitigate it. Ionospheric delay grid maps are used to remove the bulk of the ionospheric error, while tropospheric error is handled by a prediction model. Pseudorange multipath errors are mitigated by means of stochastic modelling and carrier-phase cycle slips are detected and corrupted measurements are removed in a quality-control algorithm. The technique was first tested on L1 measurements extracted from static datasets from static, high-quality GPS receivers. Accuracies better than two-decimetres in horizontal components (northing and easting r.m.s.), and three-decimetre accuracies in the vertical component (upcomponent r.m.s.), were obtained. A test dataset from a stationary low-cost GPS receiver has been processed to demonstrate the difference in data quality. Positioning results obtained are worse than those of a high-quality GPS receiver, but they are still within the few decimetre (dm) accuracy level (northing and easting r.m.s.). The use of the technique is not restricted to static applications, and the results of kinematic experiments are also presented.
Adaptive quadratic functional estimation of a weighted density by model selection

We consider the problem of estimating the integral of the square of a probability density function f on the basis of a random sample from a weighted distribution. Specifically, using model selection via a penalized criterion, an adaptive estimator for ∫ f 2 based on weighted data is proposed for probability density functions which are uniformly bounded and belong to certain Besov bodies. We show that the proposed estimator attains the minimax rate of convergence that is optimal in the case of direct data. Additionally, we obtain the information bound for the problem of estimating ∫ f 2 when weighted data are available and compare it with the information bound for the case of direct data. A small simulation study is conducted to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed estimator in finite sample situations.
A Visualization Tool for Computational Analysis of DNA Methylation Level Using Bisulfite Sequencing Data

Methylation of cytosine is a post-synthesis modification that does not affect the primary DNA sequence but greatly influences gene expression level and phenotypes of an organism. As high-throughput sequencing of bisulfite-treated DNA is the most efficient method to identify methylated sites, several tools to map sequencing reads on a reference are available. But tools to visualize and to interpret the methylation level of methylation sites are currently insufficient. Herein, we present a novel tool to visualize the methylation level of CpG sites.
The distance transform method in virtual endscope

With the constant Progress of the computer technology, the perfection of the virtual Reality theory, the figure picture treatment technology of the computer is developing, there is more and more function, the application is wider and wider. This article is mainly to topological thinning method and basing on range vary method go on research one this article. This paper introduces various centerline extraction algorithm based on distance transform. An the traditional boundary distance field is improved, the gradient inverse and Laplasse transform value calculation as the initial boundary distance field values, to improve the accuracy of the boundary distance field; Applying it to the official jargon route while drawing. It can not only handle single-branch structure of the object, but also to deal with multi-branch structure of the object. According to the starting Point or to find the center of the path on the current location of the point and the end of the relationship, identify the Position of the next plane cut. In order to extract structures in 3D medical volume data, a centerline extraction method based on Hessian matrix is proposed. KeywordsVirtual endoscope; Official jargon route abstract; Distance changing; Surgical navigation;volume data;
Analysis of Scrum practices for risk treatment

The adoption of the Scrum framework is growing in order to increase the success rate of software development projects. However, the risk treatment in Scrum is performed implicitly. In addition, the scientific literature on this topic is scarce. This study aims to identify and analyze the risk treatment practices proposed by Scrum. The research method used is the case study with the participation of the Scrum Masters from the Instituto Nacional de Telecomunicações. The results indicate that, unlike literature, the simple integration of the Extreme Programming and Scrum is not able to reduce the projects risks and the initial risk analysis is performed in possession of the Sprint backlog. The Scrum Master has key role in the risk treatment and this treatment must be done with an emphasis on Product Backlog and during the Sprint.
Effect of diets with varying starch content on muscle glycogen concentrations during training and replenishment after highintensity exercise

Muscle glycogen is an important energy substrate and a potentially limiting factor of performance in horses. Due to the large number of studies using low-starch, high-fat and fiber concentrates for the management of metabolic diseases, the use of such feeds has become widely popular. However, there is scarce evidence of the effectiveness of such feeds on glycogen maintenance and replenishment. To evaluate the effect of three diets varying in starch content on the maintenance of glycogen levels during a training period and on repletion of glycogen stores after high-intensity exercise, six previously conditioned Thoroughbred horses were used in a 3 x 3 Latin Square design. Horses were fed (at 1kg/100kg BW/day) either a high-starch (HS), a moderately starch-rich, high-fat concentrate (MS) or a low-starch, high-fat and fiber concentrate (LS). Forage was fed at 1.25 kg/100 kg BW/day in all treatments. Horses were trained for three weeks and then underwent three days of strenuous exercise designed to substantially deplete glycogen reserves, and were subsequently observed over four days of recovery. Muscle biopsies were obtained before depletion and at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours post-depletion. Day one of depletion was an incremental exercise test (IET) and blood was sampled at each speed step for plasma glucose and lactate. During the IET horses wore a loose-fit mask for assessment of Oxygen consumption (VO2), Carbon Dioxyde production (VCO2) and Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER). A submaximal exercise test was performed both before and after depletion of glycogen reserves to verify alterations in energy substrate utilization due to depletion. Plasma glucose, lactate and RER during the IET were not different among treatments. RER during the submaximal exercise test were lower for the LS treatment (P<0.05). Post-depletion RER for HS and MS were different from pre-depletion RER in the submaximal test (p<0.05). Muscle glycogen repletion was lower for the LS treatment after 72 hours of recovery (P<0.05). Low-starch concentrates seem to be inefficient in replenishing glycogen stores after high-intensity exercise bouts, although they are able to maintain glycogen levels during a regular training regime.
Mean shift for graph bundling

We present a fast and simple adaption of the well-known mean shift technique for image segmentation to compute bundled layouts of general graphs. For this, we first transform a given graph drawing into a density map using kernel density estimation. Next, we apply the equivalent of mean shift segmentation on this image, i.e. sharpen the image my moving the drawn edges upstream in the density’s gradient. We implement our method using standard graphics acceleration techniques. Our results are similar to state-of-the-art graph bundling methods but require a fraction of their cost. We demonstrate our method on several large graphs.
Diversity of pollinator bees from Paithan taluka of Aurangabad district (M.S.) India

The survey on diversity of pollinator bee was conducted from different locations of Paithan taluka. Total twenty two (22) bee species belonging to eleven (11) genera were identified as pollinators. Out of these, four (4) bee species were honeybees from Genus Apis and eighteen (18) species were solitary bees. Eighteen (18) species of solitary bees were dominant pollinators, during mid monsoon to winter season and was followed by bumblebees, wild bees and honey bees. In summer season honeybee species Apis florea F. , Apis dorsata F. , Apis mellifera L. and Apis cerana indica F. were the most dominant pollinators and only few species of solitary bees were observed. Amongst the honey bee species Apis florea F. was the most dominant bee species, which is widely distributed and is followed by Apis dorsata F. , an introduced species Apis mellifera L. and Apis cerana indica F.
Psychologiczne reakcje członków rodzin chorych leczonych na oddziałach intensywnej terapii

The environment of the intensive care unit (ICU) is burdensome to a patient and the patient’s family. There is a higher risk of depression, anxiety and stress-related disorders in the ICU patients’ family members. In relatives of critically ill patients, the cluster of adverse psychological reactions, such as: anxiety, acute stress disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, depression and complicated grief, is called post-intensive care syndrome — family (PICS-F). These complications may affect the relatives’ ability to perform the role of a caregiver and it can also hinder their daily functioning. Apart from negative psychological consequences experienced after a loved one’s stay in the ICU, there are also some positive changes observed in patient’s relatives called posttraumatic growth. In this review, the psychological repercussions in the ICU patient’s family and the means to prevent their undesirable responses are discussed.
Grazing and vigilance behaviour of breeding Eurasian

Grazing and vigilance behaviour in breeding Eurasian Wigeon at various distances from water were studied in ]983 and ]984 in western Norway. Females performed longer grazing bouts, pecked with a higher rate and were vigilant for shorter periods than males . The length of grazing bouts and peck rate in males decreased, whereas their length of vigilance bouts increased, with distance from water. ]n females, length of grazing and vigilance bouts and peck rate were independent of distance from water. We conclude that Wigeon generally feed close to water because they may be in more riskier areas when they move further ashore. The decreasing length of grazing bouts and increasing length of vigilance bouts in males with increasing distance from water, is explained by potential differences in predation pressure between the sexes.