Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Taxonomic Bias and Traits of the Global Amphibian Pet-Trade

The pet-trade is recognized as the major pathway for amphibian introductions worldwide, yet our understanding of the trade is limited. In this study, we systematically assess amphibian species in the pet-trade, i) characterising taxonomic bias and ii) evaluating species-traits as predictors of traded species and trade volume. We collated a global list of 443 traded amphibians and a regional dataset on trade volume. Species-traits (body size, native range size, clutch size, and breeding type) and conservation status, were considered as predictors of traded species and volume. We found a strong bias for certain Families, along with a preference for large-bodied and widely distributed species with a larval phase, in the pet-trade. However, species-traits performed poorly in predicting trade volume of pet amphibians in the USA. The identified species-traits and taxonomic bias of the trade is used to predict species likely to be traded as pets in the future.
The biochemical role of curcumin nano-suspension in the metabolism of experimentally induced diabetic rats

This study was designed to determine the biochemical effect of curcumin nano-suspension on alleviating metabolic disorders in experimentally induced diabetic rats. An experimental diabetic rat model was induced by 60mg/kg body weight of streptozoticin (STZ) as a single dose. Curcumin nanosuspension was administrated orally at a dose of 300mg/kg body weight daily for 56 days. Metabolic profile was examined biochemically. Administration of curcumin nano-suspension decreases CK-MB, LDH and AST serum values in STZdiabetic rats treated with curcumin nano-suspension (203±5.04 and 604±12.85; 1910±7.97 and 4739±120.17, and 125± 12.13 and 174 ± 16.10) respectively, when compared to untreated diabetic rats, it decreases triacylglycerol in serum (124±2.01 and 144±11.4mg/dl) compared to the diabetic rats also, with not so much increase the body weight (242±4.94 and214±18.04gm). On the other hand, there were no changes in concentrations of glucose (346.50±11.04 and 329.50±42.86mg/dl); insulin (0.92±0.66 and1.10±0.18μl/ml) and the total cholesterol level (105±5.04and 112±17.18mg/dl) in serum compared to diabetic rats. In conclusion, oral ingestion of curcumin nano-suspension reverses side effects result from metabolic disorders in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats via its anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic role.
Finding Their Voice: Co-Teaching, Communication, and Collaboration

1 Chapter 1: Introduction . 2 Background of the Problem . 4 Statement of the Problem . 6 Purpose of the Study . 8 Research Questions . 9 Limitations . 10 Delimitations . 11 Conclusion . 11 Chapter 2: Literature Review . 13 Special Education. 13 CO-TEACHING, COMMUNICATION, COLLABORATION v Historical Overview . 15 Inclusion . 22 Partners in Education . 24 Service Delivery Models. 25 Collaborative Teaching . 29 Co-teaching . 30 Communication and Collaboration . 37 Co-Teaching Preparation . 46 Significance of the Study . 48 Conclusion . 48 Chapter 3: Research Design and Methods . 5
Assessment of The Reliability of Cognitive (Attention and Memory) Tests

Research background and hypothesis. Special neuropsychological tests, which are used to assess cognitive functions in clinical practice, are often complicated, time-consuming, demanding special knowledge and expensive; therefore, cognitive functions frequently remain insufficiently assessed. For this reason, our selected and validated tests intended for the assessment of short-term memory and attention could be successfully applied in sports and clinical rehabilitation. Research aim. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of the tests of cognitive functions (memory and attention). Research methods. The reliability of the tests was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and variation coefficient (VC). Young and healthy students (n = 41), aged from 18 to 30 (24.6 ± 2.3), participated in the research. The participants accomplished the tests 4 times, i. e. 2 times (with a one-hour break) on the first day (teaching) and 2 times (with a one-hour break) on the second day (reliability testing). Research results. The results of testing the volume of spatial memory and even number recognition ranged from high to very high reliability of the tests. The results of ICC single of testing memory for figure recognition demonstrated low reliability, whereas ICC average proved average reliability. The results of complex reaction assessment, search for image samples and attention transfer ranged from high to a very high reliability of the tests. Discussion and conclusions. The reliability of the tests of memory and attention assessment is high (with the exception of figure recognition tests, the reliability of which is average/low); therefore, the tests are suitable to be used in sport and clinical rehabilitation practice, aiming at determining the changes in cognitive functions under the influence of external factors, e. g. cold, heat, etc.Keywords: brain functions, validity, stability, testing.
CHAPTER 3 SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE EPIDURAL HEMATOMAS

Reprints requests: Jamshid Ghajar, M.D., Ph.D., Brain Trauma Foundation, 523 East 72nd Street, New York, NY 10021. Email: ghajar@braintrauma.org RECOMMENDATIONS (see Methodology) Indications for Surgery ● An epidural hematoma (EDH) greater than 30 cm should be surgically evacuated regardless of the patient’s Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score. ● An EDH less than 30 cm and with less than a 15-mm thickness and with less than a 5-mm midline shift (MLS) in patients with a GCS score greater than 8 without focal deficit can be managed nonoperatively with serial computed tomographic (CT) scanning and close neurological observation in a neurosurgical center. Timing ● It is strongly recommended that patients with an acute EDH in coma (GCS score 9) with anisocoria undergo surgical evacuation as soon as possible. Methods ● There are insufficient data to support one surgical treatment method. However, craniotomy provides a more complete evacuation of the hematoma.
TOWARDS EXPLICIT METHODS FOR DAES

Explicit methods have previously been proposed for parabolic PDEs and for stiff ODEs with widely separated time constants. We discuss ways in which Differential Algebraic Equations (DAEs) might be regularized so that they can be efficiently integrated by explicit methods. The effectiveness of this approach is illustrated for some simple index three problems. AMS subject classification (2000): 65-L80, 34-04.
The Nexus of Interest Rate Deregulation, Lending Rate and Agricultural Productivity in Nigeria

The study examined the nexus of interest rate deregulation, lending rate and agricultural productivity in Nigeria by employing co-integration and error correction techniques on annual data spanning 1986 to 2009. Nigeria has embarked on several agricultural policy measures aimed at repositioning and enhancing variables that affects the sector's productivity. The findings from the study showed that interest deregulation had a positive and significance effect on agricultural productivity. Based on the findings, this study recommends a market determined interest as a stimulant in enhancing agricultural production. Also the government should ensure that the financial sector implements policies that will make credit available to the preferred sector, particularly to all categories of farmers and not only to bigger borrowers like the government alone because this will go a long way in boosting agricultural productivity in Nigeria. Key word: Agriculture, bank, co-integration, deregulation, error correction model, interest rate
A commentary on the respirometric evaluation of biodegradable cod fractions in industrial wastewater

Abstract This paper presents considerations on selected methodological aspects of respirometric COD fractionation in industrial wastewater which may differ from more common applications of such methodology for municipal wastewater. This concerns: the presence of interfering substances; problems with the elimination of nitrification; the importance of recognising biomass metabolism; differences of growth coefficient; the inclusion of non-canonical COD fractions and toxic effects. The discussion is based on a literature review and the authors’ own experience. As a conclusion, a preparatory procedure is proposed to assure the correct performance of respirometric COD fractionation for industrial wastewater, especially for more complex chemical effluents.
On the interference of vorticity and pressure fields of a minimal fish school

— In collective swimming, vorticity and pressure fields near a fish may be modified through hydrodynamic interactions between fish, and eventually influence swimming performance. We developed a three-dimensional (3D) computational approach and implemented a parametric study to: 1) make comparisons of the vorticity and pressure fields topology between a single fish and a pair of fish; 2) investigate the change of vorticity and pressure fields topology by varying the relative position and phase shift between the two fish in a pair; 3) investigate the perceivable pressure signals on the lateral line of fish due to the interference between the two fish.
COGNITIVE AND SOMATIC ITEM RESPONSE PATTERN OF OROFACIAL PAIN PATIENTS COMPARED TO FIBROMYALGIA PATIENTS AND A NON-PAIN CONTROL GROUP

OF THESIS COGNITIVE AND SOMATIC ITEM RESPONSE PATTERN OF OROFACIAL PAIN PATIENTS COMPARED TO FIBROMYALGIA PATIENTS AND A NON-PAIN CONTROL GROUP Previous work has suggested that chronic pain patients report psychological distress through higher endorsement of somatic rather than cognitive signs of anxiety and depression. The present study compared female Non-Pain (n=52), Orofacial Pain (n=317) and Fibromyalgia (n=50) groups, on SCL-90-R Somatization, Anxiety and Depression raw scores and cognitivesomatic symptom patterning of the Anxiety and Depression scales. Comparisons were also made amongst orofacial pain diagnostic subgroups and subgroups based on Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI) classification groups. The Somatization, Anxiety and Depression scores were higher in the Orofacial Pain and Fibromyalgia than Non-Pain group and higher in the Dysfunctional than Adaptive Coper MPI Profile group. No differences in somatic-cognitive symptom patterning existed among the diagnostic or the MPI groups/subgroups. Orofacial pain patients endorsing cognitive items stronger than somatic items on the Anxiety and/or Depression scales showed a tendency towards more psychopathology (higher SCL-90-R scale scores) than the participants endorsing somatic items more so than cognitive items. In conclusion, study results indicate that differentiation of cognitive-somatic patterns does not contribute to increased understanding of chronic pain conditions.
Optimization of Soil Remediation by Ozonation for PAHs Contaminated Soils

ABSTRACT Soil remediation is one of the most important issues in environmental engineering. In this study, the effect of phenanthrene, anthracene, and benz(a)anthracene chemical structures on their removal from different soil slurries were investigated. Also, the effects of initial pollution concentration, injected ozone, water content and processing time on soil remediation were examined by response surface methodology. In the optimized condition for the soil of industrial site, anthracene, phenanthrene, and benz(a)anthracene have 67.87%, 85.2%, and 45.9% removal efficiencies, respectively. Based on these results, better water solubility, and less fine-grained soil particles are contributors to more efficient soil remediation system by ozonation. Abbreviations: ANOVA: analysis of variance; RSM: response surface methodology; CCD: central composite design; PAHs: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; ANT: anthracene; PHE: phenanthrene; BaA: benz(a)anthracene; Vw: water volume; InjO3: injected ozone; T: time; CANT: initial anthracene concentration; CPHE: initial phenanthrene concentration; Wt: Weight percentage; PGSEZ: persian gulf special economic zone
[Intensified insulin therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus: pre- or postprandial injection of aspart insulin?].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Intensified insulin therapy using rapid acting insulin analogues is advocated in younger type 2 diabetic patients at risk of developing diabetic complications. Most patients prefer postprandial insulin injections. So far, however, there were no data on glycemic control by postprandial aspart insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes. PATIENTS AND METHODS To compare blood glucose responsiveness to preprandial vs. postprandial aspart injections, a randomised open intraindividual cross-over trial was carried out. Blood glucose was measured before and one hour after the three main meals and at bedtime. 18 insulin-naive patients with type 2 diabetes (age, 60 +/- 3 years (mean +/- SEM), known duration of the disease, 7 +/- 2 years) participated at this study. RESULTS Both with preprandial and postprandial injections of aspart insulin, the averages of the 7-point blood glucose profiles (8.27 +/- 0.50 vs. 8.5 +/- 0.61 mmol/l) were similar. With postprandial aspart insulin, however, 84 % of the blood glucose levels measured one hour after breakfast exceeded > 10 mmol/l in comparison to 38 % with preprandial aspart insulin (p < 0.05). Patients injected similar amounts of basal and aspart insulin on both experimental days (insulin glargin, 11 +/- 3 U, aspart insulin, 23 +/- 2 vs. 25 +/- 2 U/day, p = 0.4843). CONCLUSION Both preprandial and postprandial insulin aspart can be allowed to well-controlled type 2 diabetic patients. However, patients will benefit from the recommendation to inject insulin aspart immediately before meal if food with a high glycemic index such as the continental breakfast is to be consumed.
Dietary Patterns and Their Association with Depression among Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Gaza Strip, Palestine

Background: Depression is a common mental disorder. Globally, more than 340 million people of all ages suffer from depression. The aim of our study was to determine the association between major dietary patterns and depression among type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 480 type 2 diabetes patients attending primary healthcare centers in Gaza Strip, Palestine. The depression, anxiety, stress scales (DASS, 21-items) questionnaire was used to measure the score of depression. The participants’ demographic, socioeconomic and medical history data was collected and the 98-items semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used for evaluating the dietary patterns. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. Results: Based on depression scale, 29.0% of type 2 diabetes patients had depression, (58.3% females, and 41.7% males). The prevalence of mild, moderate, severe, and very severe depression was 11.7%, 8.5%, 6.7%, and 2.1%, respectively. Furthermore, two major dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis: The Western, and the grains-vegetables, and fruits patterns. After adjusting for the potential confounders, patients in the lowest tertile (T1) of the grains-vegetables, and fruits dietary pattern had a lower odds for depression (OR 0.763 95% CI (0.667 - 0.871), P value = 0.001); where as a higher odds for healthy (OR 1.443 95% CI (1.131 - 1.839), P value = 0.004), compared to those in the highest tertile (T3). Conclusion: The grains-vegetables, and fruits dietary pattern may be associated with a lower prevalence of depression, and has been shown to be the healthiest dietary pattern among type 2 diabetes patients.
NOMA/OMA Mode Selection-Based Cell-Free Massive MIMO

In this paper, non-orthogonal-multiple-access (NOMA)-based cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is investigated, where the users are grouped into multiple clusters. Exploiting conjugate beamforming, the bandwidth efficiency (BE) of the system is derived while the assumption that the users performing realistic successive interference cancellation (SIC) based on only the knowledge of channel statistics. The max-min fairness problem of maximizing the lowest user BE is investigated and an iterative bisection method is developed to determine the optimal solution to the max-min BE problem. Numerical results are presented for validating the proposed design's performance, and a mode switching scheme is conceived for selecting a specific Mode = {OMA, NOMA} that maximizes the system's BE.
Optimisation configuration of hybrid AC/DC microgrid containing electric vehicles based on the NSGA‐II algorithm

Based on the development of hybrid AC/DC microgrid, considering the objectives of microgrid life-cycle cost, self-balancing rate and converter losses, an optimisation configuration model of a hybrid AC/DC microgrid is established here. Based on the different model of EVs to connect with grid, the matching control strategies for the model are proposed. The elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is applied to solve the optimisation configuration model. With the example system simulation, the demand response function of EVs is analysed, and the impacts of different EVs charging modes on optimisation configuration results of the hybrid AC/DC microgrid are studied and discussed. The rationality and effectiveness of proposed models and strategies are verified.
Analysis Growth and Makro Hara Elements Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba), JATI (Tectona grandis) in Gorontalo

To know the growth analysis of Jabon (Antocephaluscadamba) and Teak (Tectona grandis). Need to measure and see the growth in a certain period where a certain moment of growth will decrease, analyze the soil nutrients in the lab so that the consideration in the maintenance and fertilizer done regularly. Consideration for harvesting as needed in wood or plywood processing. The method used Where all the jabon, mahogany, gmelina, pine, and teak trees in the pathway are measured in height and perimeter for use in the calculation of the basal area and the content or volume of the tree (100% Census). To find out the macronutrients on the soil, the samples were extracted by digging a depth of A. 0-20 cm, depth B, 20 - 40 cm, C depth, 40 - 60 cm at 4 (four) points in each type and mixed evenly each plot or stand as much as 1 kg for the macro elements analyzed namely: N, P, K, Ca, Mg S, to know which element is lacking on each stand of plant forest [1]. Implementation of research. This implementation was carried out to make a plot by using a metering string of raffia for the plot’s circumference; the tree began to be measured by using tree labels with sequential numbering. The tree was measured around using a tall meter of trees using Christenmeter with a 4 m. Soil sampling on topsoil using a crowbar to 0-60 cm depth of 1 kg each type of stand at each layer 0-20 m, 20-40 m and 40-60 m to be analyzed in laboratory quantitative and qualitative. Mean Growth at age 3 years and diameter of jabon 4.66 cm of trees, year total volume 52.28 m3ha1, MAI 17,43 m3, CAI 30,95 m3, Medium point intersection MAI (mean annual increment) 30,52 m3 and CAI (current annual increment) 30.69 m3 occurs at the age of 10 years with some of Volume 305,21 m3 ha1. In Jabon growing area it can be seen that the availability of macronutrients in Jabon plants, N content, at a depth of 20 cm low 0.1%, medium K element so low at a depth of 20, 40, 60 cm only 0.37, 0.29 and 0.61 me 100gr1 (< 10 me 100 gr1), Slayer 20 is 9.97 me 100gr1 (6- 20 me 100gr1) neutral soil with pH 7. So the jabon plants still lack N, P, K and S need to be added to the layer of 20 cm depth. Teak growth at age 10 years after the inventory of an area of I ha of 614 trees with a diameter of 13 cm tahun1, volume amount 42.40. m3 ha1 and MAI 4.24 and CAI 9.83 m3. At the time when MAI 10.55 m3 and CAI 10.26 m3, intersected at one point then it was allowed to harvest age 32 years the amount of volume 337.45 m3 ha1. Analysis of the growth of a tree species and know the nutrient needs of the soil nutrient qualitative nutrients needed Teak plant can be seen element N on the soil is still very low, Mg very high because more than 8 me 100gr1 medium Ca also very high more than 20me 100gr1, P 0.37 me 100gr1, K 0.32 me 100gr1 and S 0.16 depth 20 cm Very low at pH 7.7 So it is necessary to add N, P, K, and S.
Partisan Bias in Surveys

If citizens are to hold politicians accountable for their performance, they probably must have some sense of the relevant facts, such as whether the economy is growing. In surveys, Democrats and Republicans often claim to hold different beliefs about these facts, which raises normative concerns. However, it is not clear that their divergent survey responses reflect actual divergence of beliefs. In this review, we conclude that partisan divergence in survey responses is often not due to sincere, considered differences of belief that fall along party lines—but determining what it is due to is difficult. We review the evidence for possible explanations, especially insincere responding and congenial inference. Research in this area is still nascent, and much more will be required before we can speak with precision about the causes of partisan divergence in responses to factual questions.
Excavation Balance Routing Algorithm Simulation Based on Fuzzy Ant Colony

This paper proposes a new fuzzy ant colony routing strategy based on ant colony algorithm to realize the exploration-excavation capability balance. It uses the fuzzy control system based on likelihood inference to calculate the local heuristic information. At the same time, according to the traditional ant colony routing algorithm, it calculates the pheromone value of different paths, and finally makes a routing decision based on the proportion of both.
Nonlinear Estimation of Important Variables using Neural Network in Wind Farms

Utilising additional variables, which are normally not measured, could bring significant improvements to condition monitoring and control of a wind turbine and farm. However, incorporating additional sensors to measure such variables could increase the cost significantly. As a solution, instead of equipping every turbine in the wind farm with an expensive sensor to measure such a variable, it is proposed that only one turbine be equipped with a sensor and the neighbouring turbines with an estimator that essentially replaces the sensor; that is, each estimator would subsequently estimate what the sensor would measure. Each estimator is constructed based on Neural Network, and as a result, the cost could be significantly reduced. Note that the only turbine equipped with a sensor is used to train the NN. This work presents the results of a preliminary study to examine the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Circular-Polarized Substrate-Integrated-Waveguide Leaky-Wave Antenna With Wide-Angle and Consistent-Gain Continuous Beam Scanning

Circularly polarized (CP) antennas are in high demand for use in future wireless communications. To advance the development of CP substrate-integrated-waveguide (SIW) leaky-wave antennas (LWAs) with the intent to meet this demand, a novel benzene-ring-shaped slot-loaded LWA with partially reflecting wall (PRW) vias is investigated and verified to realize wide-angle continuous beam scanning with consistent gain. The dispersion features of slot-loaded SIW LWAs with PRW vias are theoretically explored using an equivalent circuit model. The CP radiation feature is investigated numerically utilizing the E- and H-field distributions of an initial design and its equivalent magnetic currents. The results of these studies are used to demonstrate that improved CP performance over a wide-angle scan range can be attained with a change from a standard slot shape to a benzene-ring-shaped slot. The resulting benzene-ring-shaped slot-loaded CP SIW LWA was optimized, fabricated, and measured. The measured results verify that a CP beam was continuously scanned through a wide angle from backward to forward directions with a consistent gain. The prototype exhibits a continuous 97.1° CP beam scan with a gain variation between 8 and 11.3 dBic when the source frequency is swept from 9.35 to 11.75 GHz.