Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biological function of CD40 on human endothelial cells: costimulation with CD40 ligand and interleukin‐4 selectively induces expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 and P‐selectin resulting in preferential adhesion of lymphocytes

The expression of adhesion molecules on vascular endothelial cells determines the pattern of migration and extravasation of leucocytes in inflammation and immunity. Here we show that costimulation with CD40 ligand (CD40L) and interleukin (IL)‐4 (or IL‐13) gives rise to a unique pattern of adhesion molecule expression by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). CD40 ligation alone enhanced expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1), intracellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) and E‐selectin whereas IL‐4 and IL‐13 increased expression of VCAM‐1 and P‐selectin but not ICAM‐1 or E‐selectin. When IL‐4 and CD40L were combined there was an additional increase of both VCAM‐1 and P‐selectin, but ICAM‐1 and E‐selectin were both inhibited. The combined effects of IL‐4 and CD40L signalling were not the result of altered response kinetics, enhanced sensitivity of the endothelium, or increased expression of CD40 or the IL‐4 receptor. The rise in VCAM‐1 expression induced by combined IL‐4 and CD40L stimulation was slower and more sustained than with tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and occurred only on a subset (75–80%) of the endothelial cell population compared to 100% with TNF‐α. Costimulation with IL‐4 and CD40L increased adhesion of T cells and B cells above levels obtained with either signal alone, but decreased adhesion of neutrophils. Furthermore, CD40 and IL‐4 synergistically increased IL‐6 but decreased IL‐8 production by HUVEC. These results show that interactions between IL‐4 and CD40 on endothelial cells give rise to specific patterns of adhesion molecule expression and cytokine production that may have important implications for lymphocyte and neutrophil migration and function at sites of inflammation.
The intermediate filament protein nestin occurs transiently in differentiating testis of rat and mouse.

Nestin is an intermediate filament (IF) protein (IFP) which occurs during early developmental stages and during regenerative processes in muscle and neuronal cells. The spatial and temporal localization of nestin in the developing testis of rat and mouse was studied by immunolabeling light and electron microscopy and by immunoblotting. Nestin localization was related to the localization of the other major IFPs specific for this tissue, i.e. cytokeratins, vimentin and desmin. Laminin immunocytochemistry and conventional microscopy were used to identify tissues and cells. With the incipient differentiation of the gonadal anlage, the reaction for nestin was weak in the gonadal ridge, whereas the cells of the mesonephric mesenchyme showed a prominent reaction for this IFP. The nestin-specific reaction in the epithelial mesonephric duct and tubules was weak and disappeared at an early phase of differentiation. With the development of the testis proper, nestin was transiently found in several cell types. Nestin was found as well as vimentin and cytokeratins in the Sertoli cells. In the interstitial cells nestin was found together with vimentin and desmin IFPs, and was most prominent in the differentiating myoid cells. After birth, nestin gradually disappeared from the testicular cells and in the rat at puberty was found only in the endothelial cells of some blood vessels. The abolished nestin synthesis in the testis was confirmed by immunoblotting. These results suggest that nestin is required transiently during the development of the testis and mesonephros. The temporary presence of nestin, and several other IFPs during these phases, coincides with key phases of urogenital sex differentiation. This may imply that the orchestrated synthesis of the IFPs nestin, cytokeratins, vimentin and desmin is likely to be linked with the genes regulating sex differentiation.
Light regulatory sequences are located within the 5′ portion of the Fed‐1 message sequence.

We have previously shown that element(s) mediating a light‐induced increase in the abundance of Fed‐1 mRNA in the leaves of transgenic tobacco plants are located within the transcribed portion of the gene. As part of an effort to define the mechanism of this effect, we report here that cis‐acting elements capable of mediating a 5‐fold light‐induced increase in the abundance of this mRNA are located within a region comprising the 5′ leader and first third of the Fed‐1 coding sequence. No activity was detected in the 3′ untranslated region of the gene. In a gain‐of‐function assay, the 5′ region was found to be capable of conferring light responsiveness on three different reporter sequences, although experiments with the gusA reporter were complicated by an apparent negative light effect on the stability of this mRNA. Deletion experiments show that at least one essential light regulatory element is located in the 5′ untranslated region of Fed‐1 between nucleotides +19 and +57. Additional Fed‐1 sequences, including a portion of the protein coding region, are required to confer positive responsiveness on the gusA reporter. These additional sequences may include specific light regulatory elements or simply provide an environment in which the leader element can function normally.
Antiplatelet and anticoagulant prophylaxis and postoperative blood loss in cardiac surgery.

through and a strong enough heightened and fear for a needle (3). The present results suggest the possibility of anesthetizing the skin without pain, thereby preventing patients from developing needle phobia. BMI 43.4 (cid:3) 6.7 2 (range, 35–68) identify factors complicating direct laryngoscopy ET. measurements (neck circumference, mobility of the articulations of the cervical spine, the temporomandibular joints mobility, and width of mouth opening, sterno-mental distance, presence of edema of throat, crowding of the pharynx by the tongue, proceeding teeth) and Mallampati score were recorded. The direct laryngoscopy (Cormack scale) and the intubation conditions (Krieg scale) were estimated. Neither absolute obesity nor BMI associated with intubation difficulties: DI predicting factors were present in 19 (21.8%) patients; Cormack Class 3 and 4, 17 (19.5%) patients. Actual DI occurred in 4 (4.6%) patients, BMI 41.9–46.2 kg/m 2 ; in 2 of 4 patients, DI expected; 2 8 points. All MO patients with BMI (cid:6) 50 kg/m 2 intubated by first attempt.
Structural Basis for Allosteric Coupling at the Membrane-Protein Interface in Gloeobacter violaceus Ligand-gated Ion Channel (GLIC)*

Background: Allosteric mechanisms in ligand-gated ion-channels (pLGIC) that couple neurotransmitter binding to channel opening are poorly understood. GLIC is an important prokaryotic surrogate. Results: EPR studies at the junctional interface of GLIC reveal structural changes during desensitization. Conclusion: The closed conformation is characterized by extensive intrasubunit interactions at the junctional interface that weaken during desensitization. Significance: These studies elucidate the role of structural dynamics in pLGIC function. Ligand binding at the extracellular domain of pentameric ligand-gated ion channels initiates a relay of conformational changes that culminates at the gate within the transmembrane domain. The interface between the two domains is a key structural entity that governs gating. Molecular events in signal transduction at the interface are poorly defined because of its intrinsically dynamic nature combined with functional modulation by membrane lipid and water vestibules. Here we used electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to delineate protein motions underlying Gloeobacter violaceus ligand-gated ion channel gating in a membrane environment and report the interface conformation in the closed and the desensitized states. Extensive intrasubunit interactions were observed in the closed state that are weakened upon desensitization and replaced by newer intersubunit contacts. Gating involves major rearrangements of the interfacial loops, accompanied by reorganization of the protein-lipid-water interface. These structural changes may serve as targets for modulation of gating by lipids, alcohols, and amphipathic drug molecules.
Quantitation of Photic Driving in Dementia with Normal EEG

The EEG is frequently normal when early dementia is clinically suspected. The presence or absence of occipital driving with intermittent photic stimulation is not helpful in detecting cerebral pathology, but quantitation of photic driving was shown to distinguish between dementia and depression in geriatric patients. We quantified photic driving in twenty clinically demented patients without diffuse or focal EEG abnormality, and compared this in 20 age-matched normal controls. Intermittent stimulation at odd-numbered frequencies between 1 and 31 Hz was carried out. The product of frequency of stimulation and duration of driving response was determined, and the incidence of absent, subharmonic and supraharmonic photic driving was determined. The quantitative measure of frequency times following duration was significantly greater in the nondemented individuals than in demented patients with normal EEGs. More nondemented individuals demonstrated supraharmonic and subharmonic responses than did demented patients. The range of normal variability in persistence, duration, and symmetry of photic driving is great, and caution in determining abnormality on this basis is appropriate. Subtle but measurable changes in photic driving may occur early in dementing illnesses, however.
Exploring gold nanoparticle interactions with proteins and the tumor microenvironment in biological systems.

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been widely studied as a theranostics agent, especially in the field of cancer treatment and diagnosis, due to their versatile physical and chemical properties (1). Their physical properties make them a good imaging enhancer under different modalities, including x-ray and computed tomography. Their surface plasmon resonance enables them to be combined with newer technologies, including photoacoustic imaging and thermal ablation. Their versatility in synthesis means that AuNPs can be different sizes and shapes, including colloidal gold nanoparticles, nanorods, nanostars, and nanoshells. Common surface modifications are achieved via gold-thiol bond conjugation, and this is a widely applied method of delivering anticancer drugs.
Rapid resource transfer for multilingual natural language processing

Until recently the focus of the Natural Language Processing (NLP) community has been on a handful of mostly European languages. However, the rapid changes taking place in the economic and political climate of the world precipitate a similar change to the relative importance given to various languages. The importance of rapidly acquiring NLP resources and computational capabilities in new languages is widely accepted. Statistical NLP models have a distinct advantage over rule-based methods in achieving this goal since they require far less manual labor. However, statistical methods require two fundamental resources for training: (1) online corpora, and (2) manual annotations. Creating these two resources can be as difficult as porting rule-based methods. This thesis demonstrates the feasibility of acquiring both corpora and annotations by exploiting existing resources for well-studied languages. Basic resources for new languages can be acquired in a rapid and cost-effective manner by utilizing existing resources cross-lingually. Currently, the most viable method of obtaining online corpora is converting existing printed text into electronic form using Optical Character Recognition (OCR). Unfortunately, a language that lacks online corpora most likely lacks OCR as well. We tackle this problem by taking an existing OCR system that was designed for a specific language and using that OCR system for a language with a similar script. We present a generative OCR model that allows us to post-process output from a non-native OCR system to achieve accuracy close to, or better than, a native one. Furthermore, we show that the performance of a native or trained OCR system can be improved by the same method. Next, we demonstrate cross-utilization of annotations on treebanks. We present an algorithm that projects dependency trees across parallel corpora. We also show that a reasonable quality treebank can be generated by combining projection with a small amount of language-specific post-processing. The projected treebank allows us to train a parser that performs comparably to a parser trained on manually generated data.
An overview of Natural Language Inference Data Collection: The way forward?

Understanding a Natural Language (NL) sentence amounts to understanding its consequences as well as the sentences that it is a consequence of. As Cooper et al. (1996) aptly put it ‘inferential ability is not only a central manifestation of semantic competence but is in fact centrally constitutive of it’ . Given the latter claim, it is no surprise that the same authors argue that the best way to test the semantic adequacy of NLP systems is to look at how well they perform with regard to Natural Language Inference (NLI). It is very hard not to agree with this statement. Indeed, NLI is considered by many researchers to be the crux of computational semantics. This paper is about the datasets created for this need. In particular, we discuss the most common NLI resources arguing that all these a) fail to capture the wealth of inferential mechanisms present in NLI and b) seem to be driven by the dominant discourse in the field at the time of their creation. In light of these observations, we want to discuss the requirements that an adequate NLI platform must satisfy both in terms of the range of inference patterns found in reasoning with NL as well as the range of the data collection mechanisms that are needed in order to acquire this range of inferential patterns.
A software metric combination model for software reuse

Software reuse is an important approach to increase software quality and productivity. In a software reuse procedure, extracting the software components with high reuse potential and high quality is a key step that may directly affect the steps that follow. Some software metrics can measure the quality characteristics of the RSC (Reusable Software Component) However, individual software metric cannot measure the overall quality characteristic of the RSC. Therefore, the software metrics shall be combined, and the conflict situations in metric combination should be reduced. In this paper, we propose a rule-based metric combination model that is based on dynamically weighted linear combinations and conflicts reducing production rules. Applying this model, a highly flexible and practical metric combination approach can be created, the conflict situations in metric combination can be reduced, and a RSC extraction tool can be generated.
Lecture Note for Graph Algorithms

A graph G = (V, E) is a structure which consists of a finite nonempty set V of vertices and a set E of edges that are unordered pairs of distinct vertices. We very often use uv as a short notation for {u, v}. Vertices u and v are called the end-vertices of an edge uv. Two vertices are adjacent if they form an edge; two edge are adjacent if they have a common end-vertex; an edge is incident to its end-vertices. For visual convenience, we often draw a graph by placing each vertex at a point and representing each edge by a curve joining the locations of its end-vertices, see Figure 1 for an example.
Within-individual versus between-individual predictors of antisocial behaviour: A longitudinal study of young people in Victoria, Australia

In an influential 2002 paper, Farrington and colleagues argued that to understand ‘causes’ of delinquency, within-individual analyses of longitudinal data are required (compared to the vast majority of analyses that have focused on between-individual differences). The current paper aimed to complete similar analyses to those conducted by Farrington and colleagues by focusing on the developmental correlates and risk factors for antisocial behaviour and by comparing within-individual and between-individual predictors of antisocial behaviour using data from the youngest Victorian cohort of the International Youth Development Study, a state-wide representative sample of 927 students from Victoria, Australia. Data analysed in the current paper are from participants in Year 6 (age 11–12 years) in 2003 to Year 11 (age 16–17 years) in 2008 (N = 791; 85% retention) with data collected almost annually. Participants completed a self-report survey of risk and protective factors and antisocial behaviour. Complete data were available for 563 participants. The results of this study showed all but one of the forward- (family conflict) and backward-lagged (low attachment to parents) correlations were statistically significant for the within-individual analyses compared with all analyses being statistically significant for the between-individual analyses. In general, between-individual correlations were greater in magnitude than within-individual correlations. Given that forward-lagged within-individual correlations provide more salient measures of causes of delinquency, it is important that longitudinal studies with multi-wave data analyse and report their data using both between-individual and within-individual correlations to inform current prevention and early intervention programs seeking to reduce rates of antisocial behaviour.
Contribution à la reconnaissance automatique de caractères manuscrits : application à la lecture optique de caractères sur supports mobiles

Cette these presente un travail de recherche en vision par ordinateur concernant la definition d'un systeme de vision, capable d'identifier des caracteres manuscrits isoles disposes sur un support horizontal mobile. La technique employee consiste en l'analyse de l'information contenue dans les contours du polygone circonscrit au caractere. Apres leurs extractions, ces contours sont decrits par des chaines de segments de droite pour donner lieu a une nouvelle methode de representation des caracteres : la representation a l'aide des profils gauche et droit et des invariants algebriques et topologiques. Nous presentons egalement une methode de reconnaissance par arborescence multiniveaux. Le premier niveau effectue une classification floue munie d'une comparaison dynamique entre les profils par application d'une distance definie par un codage des orientations des contours. Les niveaux suivants raffinent la decision par utilisation des invariants algebriques et topologiques. Des resultats concrets sont presentes et nous atteignons des taux de reconnaissance superieurs a 98% dans le cas des caracteres numeriques manuscrits, demontrant ainsi la puissance de notre algorithme.
Irreversible electroporation of stage 3 locally advanced pancreatic cancer: optimal technique and outcomes.

OBJECTIVE Irreversible electroporation (IRE) of stage 3 pancreatic adenocarcinoma has been used to provide quality of life time in patients who have undergone appropriate induction therapy. The optimal technique has been reported within the literature, but not in video form. IRE of locally advanced pancreatic cancer is technically demanding requiring precision ultrasound use for continuous imaging in multiple needle placements and during IRE energy delivery. METHODS Appropriate patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer should have undergone appropriate induction chemotherapy for a reasonable duration. The safe and effective technique for irreversible electroporation is preformed through an open approach with the emphasis on intra-operative ultrasound and intra-operative electroporation management. RESULTS The technique of open irreversible electroporation of the pancreas involves bracketing the target tumor with IRE probes and any and all invaded vital structures including the celiac axis, superior mesenteric artery (SMA), superior mesenteric-portal vein, and bile duct with continuous intraoperative ultrasound imaging through a caudal to cranial approach. Optimal IRE delivery requires a change in amperage of at least 12 amps from baseline tissue conductivity in order to achieve technical success. Multiple pull-backs are necessary since the IRE ablation probe lengths are 1 cm and thus needed to achieve technical success along the caudal to cranial plane. CONCLUSIONS Irreversible electroporation in combination with multi-modality therapy for locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma is feasible for appropriate patients with locally advanced cancer. Technical demands are high and require the highest quality ultrasound for precise spacing measurements and optimal delivery to ensure adequate change in tissue resistance.
The Measurement of Latvian and Russian Ethnic Attitudes, Using Evaluative Priming Task and Self-Report Methods

The purposes of researches to estimate implicit ethnic attitudes by direct and indirect methods, to determine the accordance of two types measuring, to investigate influence of task type used in an experiment, on the results of measuring, as well as to determine a presence or communication between recent episodic events and chronologic correlations of ethnic attitudes. Method of the implicit measuring an evaluative priming (EPT) carried out with the use of different SOA intervals, explicit methods of research are G.Soldatova’s types of ethnic identity, G.Soldatova’s index of tolerance, E.Bogardus scale of social distance. During five stages of researches received results open some aspects of implicit measuring, its correlation with the results of self-reports on different SOA intervals, connection of implicit measuring with emotional valence of episodic events of participants and other indexes, presenting a contribution to the decision of implicit measuring application problem for study of different social constructs. Keywords—Ethnic attitudes, explicit method, implicit method, priming.
Baseline Donor Characteristics in the Cornea Donor Study

Purpose: The Cornea Donor Study (CDS) is an ongoing study that is being conducted to determine whether donor age is related to long-term corneal graft survival. Characteristics of the donor population have been evaluated with respect to donor age, endothelial cell density, and death to preservation interval. Methods: Within the context of a prospective, double-masked, controlled trial, 1101 donor corneas were assigned without regard to donor age. Results: Slit-lamp characteristics of the donor corneas showed little variation with donor age, except for the presence of corneal arcus. As death to preservation time decreased, fewer epithelial abnormalities and a lower frequency of stromal edema and Descemet folds were observed. There was little change in the mean of the endothelial cell density with donor age beyond age 60, despite variation. Conclusion: With respect to donor age, there was little difference in either the slit-lamp characteristics or endothelial cell density of the donor corneas. Fewer epithelial abnormalities were observed with shorter death to preservation time.