Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SPACING INSTRUCTIONS IN APPROACH: BENEFITS AND LIMITS FROM AN AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER PERSPECTIVE

A new allocation of tasks between controller and flight crew is envisaged as one possible option to improve the sequencing of arrival flows. It relies on a set of new spacing instructions where the flight crew can be tasked by the controller to maintain a given spacing with respect to a designated aircraft. The investigations initially focussed on upstream sectors (en-route) highlighting a positive impact on controller activity and on control effectiveness. However, the application to downstream sectors (approach) appeared as an issue. The paper shows how this issue was addressed, in particular the how organisation of roles, the working methods and the airspace have been adapted for the effective use of spacing instructions. It also presents the results from the latest experiment which involved six approach controllers over four weeks. Overall feedback from controllers was positive. The proposed working method, though implying significant changes as compared to today, seems easy to use and assimilate. The analysis of instructions and eye-fixations shows a positive impact on controller activity (relief from late vectoring and earlier flow integration). In terms of effectiveness, the inter aircraft spacing on final is more regular. Concerning aircraft, in addition to receiving fewer instructions, spacing instructions would enable to fly, in approach sectors, under lateral navigation mode (as opposed to fly open vectors). The next step will consist in investigating interaction between upstream and downstream sectors when using an arrival manager.
Size-dependent colouration in larvae of Orgyia antiqua (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae): A trade-off between warning effect and detectability?

While the study of colour patterns is a traditional subject of evolutionary ecology, there are various hypotheses which suffer from a lack of experimental evidence. One intriguing possibility is a trade-off between warning efficiency and detectability. After a certain size threshold, the detrimental effect of increased detectability can outweigh the benefits of warning colouration. One may thus expect corresponding patterns at the level of ontogenetic development: as juveniles grow, they should first acquire warning colouration, and then lose it again. We analysed this possibility in Orgyia antiqua, a moth species with hairy larvae which are poly- phenic with respect to the intensity of warning colouration. We detected a regular change in colour patterns through larval life. Indeed, the larvae tend to display warning colouration at intermediate sizes while dull colours dominate in fully grown larvae. In aviary experiments, we confirmed that the colourful phenotype is the one that causes the strongest aversion in birds. Nevertheless, the effect was rather weak and most of the larvae were still eventually consumed when found. Unexpectedly, for human subjects, the warningly coloured larvae were harder, and not easier to find among natural vegetation, most likely due to the disruptive effect of the aposematic colour pattern. Importantly, the trend was reversed in the largest size class, suggesting that the disruptive colouration loses its advantage as the larva grows. This is consistent with the actual patterns of size-dependence of colouration. We present evi- dence against an alternative explanation which relates size-related change in colouration to behavioural changes prior to pupation. We conclude that even if the efficiency of the warning effect plays a role in determining the size-dependence of colouration, the pat- tern may be largely explained by the effects of size-dependent detectability alone.
Confiding Secrets and Well-Being

How does confiding secrets relate to well-being? The current work presents the first empirical examination of mechanisms by which confiding diverse real-world secrets to known others predicts well-being. We examined over 800 participants with more than 10,000 secrets in total, finding that confiding a secret does not predict reduced instances of concealment. Rather, confiding a secret predicts higher well-being through perceived coping efficacy. Correlational and experimental studies find that through confiding a secret, people feel they obtain social support and are more capable in coping with the secret. Additionally, through perceived coping efficacy, confiding a secret predicts less frequent mind wandering to the secret. Confiding predicts higher well-being through changing the way and how often people think about their secret.
Poleward range expansion of a non-indigenous bryozoan and new occurrences of exotic ascidians in southeast Alaska

We report a first record of the widely invasive bryozoan Bugula neritina in Ketchikan, Alaska (USA), on Revillagigedo Island (southeast Alaska). This represents the northernmost record of this fouling organism in the northeast Pacific Ocean. We also report a new occurrence of the solitary ascidian Ciona savignyi not found in Alaska since 1903, along with recent occurrences of the invasive colonial ascidians Botryllus schlosseri and Botrylloides violaceus in new localities. The high level of vessel traffic in this region and the precedent for historical ship-borne invasions worldwide suggest that future population growth and establishment of these taxa in the Ketchikan area could set the stage for further poleward range expansion, highlighting the need for continued monitoring.
CD8αα + T-cells and Immune Memory

A better understanding of T-cell memory formation is crucial for rationale vaccine design and the identification of correlates of immune protection. The CD8αα homodimer expressed on CD8 T-cells is not anymore considered to represent a TCR co-receptor, it may rather represent a mechanism to modulate T-cell avidity and identify a subset of memory T-cells. The aim of the work presented in this thesis was to characterize the CD8αα T-cell compartment in the context of vaccination, where Tcell memory plays a pivotal role. We analyzed in Paper I the phenotype of CD8αα Tcells in healthy donors and in rhesus macaque monkeys (Macaca mulatta) which represent a very valuable animal model for preclinical vaccine trials. CD8αα T-cells were present in healthy donors and in a higher frequency in rhesus monkeys. In both species, the CD8αα T-cell compartment was enriched in differentiated (effector and memory) T-cells, as compared to the CD4 and CD8αβ T-cell compartments, and displayed a polyfunctional capacity. We developed assays allowing to study the T-cell compartment in rhesus monkeys, and showed that CD8αα T-cells can be studied in rhesus monkeys. In Paper II, we assessed longitudinally the presence of CD8αα Tcells in patients with melanoma who underwent peptide-based vaccination and showed a partial or complete tumor regression. CD8αα T-cells represented a stable population with an effector or terminally differentiated phenotype, and Melan-A/MART-1-specific CD8αα T-cells were detected in one patient up to five years after vaccination. The oligoclonal TCR repertoire of CD8αα T-cells and the similar TCR repertoire of Melan-A/MART-1 of CD8αα and CD8αβ T-cells, supported our hypothesis that CD8αα T-cells arise from CD8αβ T-cells which downregulated CD8β chain expression upon Ag stimulation. We identified, in Paper III, an increase of Mtb-specific CD8αα T-cells in rhesus monkeys after TB vaccination. The characterization of CD8αα T-cells phenotype in rhesus monkeys after TB vaccination and after Mtb infection was further analyzed in Paper IV. CD8αα T-cells underwent similar phenotypical changes as observed in the CD4 and CD8αβ T-cell compartments, in vaccinated but not in non-vaccinated animals: loss of IL-7Rα after the first Ad boost, and transient decrease of precursor T-cells (defined by CD45RA/CCR7 expression) after Mtb challenge. These results suggest that CD8αα T-cells contribute to the formation of immunological memory and participate in the formation of the cellular immune response. We hypothesize that the expression of CD8αα enables to modulate the avidity of CD8 T-cells with high affinity TCRs. Yet, the mechanisms of CD8αα T-cells formation need to be further elucidated. Altogether, our data underscores the role of CD8αα T-cells in the establishment of immune memory in humans and rhesus monkeys. The detection and characterization of Ag-specific CD8αα T-cells may represent a relevant marker in the context of vaccine trials and to custom-tailor immune therapeutic strategies with the aim to establish long-lived and Ag-specific immune responses.
A Cloned Antigen (Recombinant K39) of Leishmania donovani Diagnostic for Visceral Leishmaniasis in Human

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or kala-azar is caused by an intracellular protozoan parasite of the Leishmania donovani complex and is considered as one of the most neglected diseases.To detect IgG antibody in the serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a recombinant antigen rK39, which is part of a Leishmania donovani kinesin-related protein, has been used successfully and showed high sensitivity and specificity. The rK39 dipstick showed a sensitivity of 95% (95 positive samples among 100 from VL patients) . The total human patients involved in this study were 100 divided into four age groups . Kala-azar infection found among children under one year old of the patient groups 60 (60 %). This higher rate than the other age groups which was began to decrease reaching to(1%) in age more than 40 years of age groups . Males were high infected 62 % (62/100) than females 38% (38/100)in patient groups Therefore, the ratio of male / female was 1.6 / 1.
Optimal Cutpoint Estimation with Censored Data Mithat Gonen

We consider the problem of selecting an optimal cutpoint for a continuous marker when the outcome of interest is subject to right censoring. Maximal chi square methods and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves-based methods are commonly-used when the outcome is binary. In this article we show that selecting the cutpoint that maximizes the concordance, a metric similar to the area under an ROC curve, is equivalent to maximizing the Youden index, a popular criterion when the ROC curve is used to choose a threshold. We use this as a basis for proposing maximal concordance as a metric to use with censored endpoints. Through simulations we evaluate the performance of two concordance estimates and three chi-square statistics under various assumptions. Maximizing the partial likelihood ratio test statistic has the best performance in our simulations. Optimal Cutpoint Estimation with Censored Data
Force Field Simulation Based Laser Scan Alignment

Alignment of sensor data, typically acquired from cameras, laser range scanners, or sonar sensors, is the basis for all robot mapping tasks. Recent advances in the development of laser range devices make research on laser range alignment a focus of robot mapping research. In contrast to cameras, laser range scanners offer relatively precise depth information, yet the feature density is relatively sparse. Since alignment algorithms are based on feature correspondence, a lack of features naturally causes problems. One way to approach that problem is to cover the area with a high number of scans, such that subsequent scans have a low relative displacement only. This guarantees sufficient scan overlap and a reliable detection of feature correspondences. Though this approach is feasible for many mapping applications, it can not be assumed for an important field of robotics, namely Urban Search and Rescue Robotics ("rescue robots"), in there especially the setting of multi robot mapping. In multi robot mapping, a number of robots scan the environment independently, without reliable knowledge of their relative position. Additional sensors, like GPS, can not be assumed due to the nature of the environment. Non autonomous rescue robots were e.g. deployed after the 9/11 attack to assist in the search for victims in the collapsed towers. In such an environment, GPS is not available because of the massive concrete walls surrounding the robots. The task of multi robot mapping in rescue environments imposes especially challenging constraints: • no precise or reliable odometry can be assumed, which means especially that the robots' relative poses are unknown • due to the nature of catastrophe scenarios no distinct landmarks are given • the overlap between pairs of the robots' scans is minimal Figure 1 shows 12 out of 60 single scans from multiple robots, taken in a disaster test area at NIST, Gaithers-burg, MD. Even for humans it is hard to detect overlapping features. Our approach to alignment of such a data set is to first give a rough estimate of the robots' poses, called the pre-alignment, and then to improve the achieved map. This article deals with the second step, the improvement, see figure 2. This article introduces of a new process, called 'Force Field Simulation' (FFS), which is tailored to align maps under the aforementioned constraints. It is motivated by simulation of dynamics of rigid bodies in gravitational fields, but replaces laws of physics with constraints derived from human perception. It is an approach of the family of gradient O pe n A cc es s D at ab as e w w w . in te hw eb . c om
edicine in focus uman H 5 N 1 influenza : Current insight into pathogenesis

Since their emergence as avian (1996) and zoonotic human pathogens (1997), H5N1 influenza viruses have become endemic among poultry in large parts of Asia, but outbreaks have also been seen in Africa and Europe. Transmission from animals to humans remains sporadic, but mortality of human infection is high (63%). To date, reported cases of human
Efficient Deep Learning Inference Based on Model Compression

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have evolved remarkably over the last decade and achieved great success in many machine learning tasks. Along the evolution of deep learning (DL) methods, computational complexity and resource consumption of DL models continue to increase, this makes efficient deployment challenging, especially in devices with low memory resources or in applications with strict latency requirements. In this paper, we will introduce a DL inference optimization pipeline, which consists of a series of model compression methods, including Tensor Decomposition (TD), Graph Adaptive Pruning (GAP), Intrinsic Sparse Structures (ISS) in Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Knowledge Distillation (KD) and low-bit model quantization. We use different modeling scenarios to test our inference optimization pipeline with above mentioned methods, and it shows promising results to make inference more efficient with marginal loss of model accuracy.
Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.): Processing, nutritional and functional aspects

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) being an annual herb is most commonly used for seasoning purpose. Its plant seeds, leaves and roots are edible, although they have very distinct flavors and uses. The herb has a light and fresh flavor. Coriander can be used as whole plant and can be processed because of its perishable nature of leaves and to increase the palatability of ripe fruits (seeds) before using it as flavoring agent in different food preparations. Whole plant of coriander mainly fresh leaves and ripe fruits are used for culinary purposes. Coriander leaves have different taste than its seeds, with citrus overtones. Coriander plant is a rich reservoir of micronutrients and nutritional elements which leads us to focus our study on this herb. Coriander is very low in saturated fat however, contains good amount of linoleic acid which is a good source of α-tocopherol and vitamin K. Leaves of plant are rich source of vitamins while seeds are rich in polyphenols and essential oils. Coriander taste is devoted to its essential oil comprising a significant content of linoleic and furanocoumarins (coriandrine and dihydrocoriandrine). Coriander is also well known for its antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-mutagenic, anti-anxiety and antimicrobial activity along with analgesic and hormone balancing effect that promotes its use in foods due to numerous health benefits and its protective effect to preserve the food for longer period. The aim of present study was to highlight the processing, nutritional and functional aspects of coriander. Key words: Coriander, processing, fatty acids, antioxidant content, anti-diabetic, anti-mutagenic, anti-anxiety, diuretic activity, metal detoxification, anti-hyperglycemic activity.
Water-use efficiency within a selection of indigenous and exotic tree species in South Africa as determined using sap flow and biomass measurements.

South Africa has limited indigenous timber-producin g forests. Recognition early in the 20 th century that demand for timber had exceeded the su pply available from indigenous forests forced South Africa to accelerat e the expansion of its own exotic plantation forest industry. This then resulted in c oncerns about impacts on water resources, and led to regulation of the industry. N umerous local and international studies have subsequently proven that exotic forest plantat ions do consume more water than the grasslands or scrublands they typically replace, an d hence reduce water yield (streamflow) from afforested catchments. Conversely, there is a widespread perception that indigenous tree species, in contrast to exotic plantation species, are water-wise and deserve to be planted more widely to expand forestr y while still conserving our scarce water resources. However, data on the water-use of indigenous trees and forests are scarce and indirect. To broaden understanding of both the growth and water-use rates of indigenous tree species, research was undertaken on their water-use efficiency (WUE), defined as mass of utilisable wood produced per uni t of water transpired. Hourly sap flow rates (water use) over a 12-month period were recor ded in a diverse selection of six indigenous tree species, while stem and branch dime nsions were recorded at fixed positions on the trees at the start and end of the monitoring period, to permit whole-tree volume growth increments to be recorded. Rates of growth and water-use were used to calculate WUE and were compared to existing data for exotic plantation species. WUE in the indigenous species studied was lower than for e xotic plantation species, however overall water-use was also low in the indigenous sp ecies. It was concluded that the relatively lower WUE of the indigenous species stud ied was more a consequence of slow growth rates as opposed to high water-use rates.
Active Watermarking Approach in Detecting Encrypted Traffic Attack by Making Correlation Scheme Robust

Network security is complex and challenging problem in today's world. Despite of many sophisticated techniques, attack on the network continues to increase. At present, in order to hide the identity of the attacker, attackers send their attack through a chain of compromised hosts that are used as "stepping stones". In this paper we present an approach to find the connection chain of an intruder for tracing back to the origin especially if the attack through the traffic is encrypted one. Our approach will based on analyzing correlations of encrypted connection between number of packets sent in outgoing connections and that of the incoming packets in the connection. We proposed a correlation scheme based on watermarking which will be robust against timing perturbation. This approach yields effective better results in terms of number of packets than in existing passive timing based correlation. This paper presents a new method of embedding a watermark in traffic flow. Here for the purpose of embedding the watermark, the packet timing is adjusted for specific intervals. By slightly changing the packet timing, we achieve robust correlation of encrypted network against random timing perturbation.
Refractory Stress Urinary Incontinence

Treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) caused by urethral hypermobility or intrinsic sphincter deficiency with urethral sling procedures may yield up to a 80-90% success rate depending on the definition of success. (Nilsson et al. 2001; Liapis et al. 2002; Rodriguez & Raz 2003; Nilsson et al. 2004; Ward & Hilton 2004) In a minority of patients, however, there is persistence or worse incontinence after surgical therapy. In the general population, risk factors for midurethral sling (MUS) failure are BMI >25, mixed incontinence, intrinsic sphincter deficiency, diabetes mellitus, advanced patient age >75 years old and prior continence surgery. (Cammu et al. 2009; Stav et al. 2010) Potential surgery related reasons for failure include improper adjustment of the sling or misplacement of the suburethral tape. Female patients with urethral incompetence and severe incontinence due to multiple failed surgeries, neurologic injury, or congenital anomalies represent a unique surgical challenge.
Robust Membranes for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment by Forward Osmosis in FOBs SERDP Project ER-2217 MAY

1 Background & Relevant Research . 3 Objective . 5 Materials and Methods . 5 Fabrication of High Performance Thin-film Composite FO Membranes . 5 Polysulfone Support Fabrication . 6 Synthesis of Polyamide TFC-FO Membranes . 7 In-situ Modification Fouling-resistant Polyamide Membranes . 8 Post Modification Fouling-resistant Polyamide Membranes . 9 Surface Characterization . 12 Characterization of Antifouling Performance . 13 Results and Discussion . 17 In-situ Fabrication Membrane Modification . 17 Post-Fabrication Membrane Modification . 17 Membrane Modification Using Jeffamine . 17 Membrane Modification with Superhydrophilic Silica Nanoparticles . 27 Membrane Modification with Zwitterionic Polymer Brushes . 33 Optimal Post-fabrication Modification for Development of TFC Membranes with the Highest Fouling Resistance. 38 Comparison of SiNPs and Zwitterionic Polymers Related Post Modification . 39 Demonstration of Fouling Resistance of Zwitterionic Polymer-Modified Membrane in an OsMBR Using Real Wastewater . 46 Conclusions and Implications for Future Research . 49 Appendices . 52 Literature Cited . 55
Physicochemical and sensory properties of blendsfrom beniseed, trifoliate yam and wheat flours

Composite flour blends of; wheat flour, beniseed flour and trifoliate yam of ratios; 90:5:5(WBT1), 70:15:15 (WBT2) and 50:25:25 (WBT3) respectively were utilized in the production of biscuits; WBTB1, WBTB2, WBTB3 respectively. Increase in beniseed and trifoliate yam substitution ensued improvements in; protein (0.78% and 3.49%, respectively), fat (5.47% and 2.79%, respectively), ash (0.89% and 0.80% respectively), and crude fibre (2.27% and 1.30% respectively) and decline (P<0.05) in; moisture (2.29% and 1.67%., respectively) and carbohydrate (7.08% and 6.24%, respectively) of both composite flours and biscuits. Magnesium (0.27%), manganese (0.07%), sodium (0.14%), Calcium (0.38%), Iron (0.09%) and copper (0.15%) contents of the composite flours were boosted with increase in beniseed and trifoliate yam. WBT1 had the superior; bulk density, water absorption capacity and swelling capacity (0.66g/ml, 149.92% and 6.85ml., respectively). WBTB1 was the most sensory accepted. This study further indicates the suitability of cereal-tuber based flours for the baking industry.