Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Public participation, values and interests in the procurement of infrastructure projects in Australia : a review and future research direction

In many countries, the main providers for major infrastructure projects are government or public agencies. Public infrastructure projects includes economic and social infrastructure such as transportation, education and health facilities. Most decision-making models for delivery of public infrastructure projects are heavily weighted towards financial/economic factors. In Australia, public participation is an essential instrument in the procurement of infrastructure and development within Australia. This study reviews the public participation, values and interests in the procurement of infrastructure projects in Australia, and identifies the research direction in this research area in order to improve the decision-making models that capture stakeholder social, economical and environmental concerns in infrastructure projects.
The Japanese Foreign Exchange Market

INTRODUCTION MARKET HISTORY, Early beginning of money in Japan Meiji Restoration and the birth of Yen Post-war developments Market liberalisation In the aftermath of the bubble GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS, Market participants Foreign exchange banks and brokers Customers, Market segments and transactions Spot and forward markets The role of foreign exchange swaps, Futures and options Attitudes towards risks Covering and Hedging Position taking and arbitrage, Trading Techniques Accounting THE RISKS Market risks Measures of variability Some stylised facts Limits to forecastibility Derivatives Asymmetries and Nonlinearities Risk management practices Market linkages and operational risks Payment system risks, Major payment systems Private sector initiatives POLICY ISSUES Market regulation Principles of bank regulation Exchange restrictions Risk monitoring and risk provision Exchange rate stabilisation Central bank interventions International policy co-operation CONCLUSION Bibliogrpahy
Valuation of Credit Default Swaps with Wrong Way Risk – Model Implementation and a Computational Tune-Up

In their work, Brigo and Capponi (2010) introduce a numerical approach for calculating credit valuation adjustments (CVA) for credit default swaps (CDS). In contrast to previous research, they consider the default of the party doing the calculation, and its correlation to the defaults of the counterparty and the reference entity. Assuming bilateral counterparty credit risk, this approach generates symmetric and arbitrage free CVA. The most elaborate part of this computation is the generation of the default probability structure of the reference entity conditional on the default of either the investor or the counterparty. Brigo and Capponi (2010) suggest the use of the Fractional Fourier Transformation (FRFT) technique for this purpose. In this paper, we introduce the precise and practical algorithm for this numerical approach and display the steps needed for the FRFT technique. In addition, we offer a computational tune-up for the calculation of the conditional value of the CDS through a lognormal approximation. Throughout a variety of examples we show that this robust approximation delivers satisfying results, while requiring less computational power and less excessive implementation than the FRFT approach.
Internal Capital Markets and Firm‐Level Compensation Incentives for Division Managers

Do multidivisional firms structure compensation contracts for division managers to mitigate incentive problems in their internal capital markets? I find evidence that compensation and investment incentives are substitutes: firms providing a stronger link to firm performance in incentive compensation for division managers also provide weaker investment incentives through the capital budgeting process. Specifically, as the proportion of incentive pay for division managers that is based on firm performance increases, division investment is less responsive to division profitability. These findings are generally consistent with a model of influence activities by division managers in interdivisional capital allocation decisions.
Time-resolved serial crystallography captures high-resolution intermediates of photoactive yellow protein

Serial femtosecond crystallography using ultrashort pulses from x-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) enables studies of the light-triggered dynamics of biomolecules. We used microcrystals of photoactive yellow protein (a bacterial blue light photoreceptor) as a model system and obtained high-resolution, time-resolved difference electron density maps of excellent quality with strong features; these allowed the determination of structures of reaction intermediates to a resolution of 1.6 angstroms. Our results open the way to the study of reversible and nonreversible biological reactions on time scales as short as femtoseconds under conditions that maximize the extent of reaction initiation throughout the crystal. Structural changes during a macromolecular reaction are captured at near-atomic resolution by an x-ray free electron laser. Watching a protein molecule in motion X-ray crystallography has yielded beautiful high-resolution images that give insight into how proteins function. However, these represent static snapshots of what are often dynamic processes. For photosensitive molecules, time-resolved crystallography at a traditional synchrotron source provides a method to follow structural changes with a time resolution of about 100 ps. X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) open the possibility of performing time-resolved experiments on time scales as short as femtoseconds. Tenboer et al. used XFELs to study the light-triggered dynamics of photoactive yellow protein. Electron density maps of high quality were obtained 10 ns and 1 µs after initiating the reaction. At 1 µs, two intermediates revealed previously unidentified structural changes. Science, this issue p. 1242
Visual-spatial ability in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's Disease (PD) has traditionally been viewed as primarily a disturbance of motor functioning, typically involving tremor, rigidity, hypokinesia, gait disturbance, and postural instability. More recently, decline in cognitive function has been recognized as a feature of PD. One prominent cognitive symptom of PD involves deficits on tasks of spatial ability. However, findings of visual-spatial deficits in individuals with PD have been inconsistent. There are several methodological issues in this area of research that potentially confound the interpretation of data and need to be taken into consideration, including subject characteristics (e.g., age, sex and education), duration of illness, the current level of disability, the presence of emotional depression, the current level of medications, and the presence of dementia. Further, the tests that have shown visual-spatial deficits in PD are often complex, showing sensitivity to other cognitive processes as well. Another problem in this area of research is the lack of a clear understanding of the brain mechanisms that underlie visual-spatial deficits in PD. One theory of cognitive dysfunction in PD suggests that these cognitive deficits are in some way related to disruption of frontal-basal ganglia neural circuits important in executive functions. However, frontal-basal ganglionic dysfunction does not appear to account entirely for the visual-spatial cognitive deficits seen in PD. Subtle differences in performance on executive function measures appear to dissociate individuals with frontal lobe damage from individuals with PD. Findings from two recent studies indicate that PD is indeed associated with deficits in visual-spatial ability. These findings also indicate that the relationship between visual-spatial ability and frontal-executive function in PD is likely complex, and that the visual-spatial deficits in PD may be sensitive to the sex of the individual with PD.
Evaluating a Strategic Initiative's Efficiency to Enhance Community College Financial Sustainability

Evaluating a Strategic Initiative’s Efficiency to Enhance Community College Financial Sustainability by Anne S. Williams MBA, Temple University, 1983 BA, University of Connecticut, 1978 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Business Administration Walden University September 2015
Call auctions: A Solution to some difficulties in Indian finance

The Indian financial system has been revolutionised by the application of a new market design : continuous trading with an anonymous limit order book at NSE and BSE. However, in certain situations, this market design has limitations. Call auctions represent an alternative strategy, where the order flow over a certain time period is pooled, and the market-clearing price obtained through an aggregated supply and demand curve. Call auctions trade off instantaneity of order execution in favour of elimination of impact cost, and can achieve a more trusted price. They can improve the functioning of the market on issues such as market opening, market close, extreme news events, and potentially for illiquid securities including bonds. Call auctions could usefully replace some existing market rules such as `circuit breakers\'. At the same time, there are many subtle elements in making a call auction market work, which require care in market design.
MFBIST: a BIST method for random pattern resistant circuits

This paper presents a test per clock BIST technique that uses multiple idler register segments with selective bit-fixing driven by multiple biased pseudorandom pattern generators to provide 100% fault coverage of detectable single stuck-at faults. The technique is particularly effective for random pattern resistant circuits. A BIST architecture that supports this technique, and a design tool (MFBIST) that implements the technique are presented. The amount of hardware overhead is controlled by user-specified parameters and can meet varying design specifications. Results and comparisons with prior techniques are presented for combinational benchmarks and combinational versions of sequential benchmark circuits. To better evaluate hardware overhead, automatic CMOS layouts were performed for the benchmark circuits. The results show that the additional area overhead, relative to that required by pseudorandom test per clock designs, is small.
Which News Disclosures Matter? News Reception Compared Across Topics Extracted from the Latent Dirichlet Allocation

Transparency regulations typically oblige companies listed on stock markets to publicly disclose any information that might have a significant impact on their stock prices. The corresponding press releases must be signed by those in authority to ensure that they contain information not yet disclosed. As a news source, this paper utilizes so-called ad hoc announcements in English language of firms listed on German stock markets and determines 40 news topics by using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation. Interestingly, research has investigated the list of news topics, but has only invested little effort into examining the corresponding news reception. Accordingly, how investors process the content of news varies greatly across topics: Sentiment of news on financial reports, management changes and loan distributions influences abnormal stock returns positively; tone in announcements on share issue and M&A impacts abnormal returns negatively at a statistically significant level.
Long-Term Effects of Irbesartan Treatment and Smoking on Nucleic Acid Oxidation in PatientsWith Type 2 Diabetes andMicroalbuminuria An Irbesartan in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Microalbuminuria (IRMA 2) substudy

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The Irbesartan in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Microalbuminuria (IRMA 2) study was a 2-year multicenter randomized doubleblind trial comparing irbesartan (150 and 300 mg once daily) with placebo. We studied a subgroup of 50 patients where urine samples were available for analysis of albumin and the oxidatively modified guanine nucleosides 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-29-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxoGuo).
Real-time water quality monitoring system using Internet of Things

The conventional method of testing water quality is to gather samples of water manually and send to the lab to test and analyze. This method is time consuming, wastage of man power, and not economical. The water quality measuring system that we have implemented checks the quality of water in real time through various sensors (one for each parameter: pH, conductivity, temperature) to measure the quality of water. The ZigBee module in the system transfers data collected by the sensors to the microcontroller wirelessly, and a GSM module transfers wirelessly the data further from the microcontroller to the smart phone/PC. The system also has proximity sensors to alert the officials by sending a message to them via the GSM module in case someone tries to pollute the water body. This system can keep a strict check on the pollution of the water resources and be able to provide an environment for safe drinking water.
Exploring consumer motivations towards buying local fresh food products: A means-end chain approach

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how consumers from a developing country background such as Indonesia make local fresh food decisions for daily eating. Design/methodology/approach – The use of the means-end chain approach is utilized as a measure of attributes, consequences and values of locally produced products. Findings – For Javanese ethnic group in Indonesia, “save money” and “health benefits” are identified views that motivate consumers purchasing their local foods. Research limitations/implications – Although investigating the largest ethnic groups in Indonesia, the results of this study cannot be generalized to all Indonesian consumers and a larger sample needs to be studied to generalize the results to the wider population of Indonesia. Practical implications – It is better for the Government to promote local food policies that is based on identified motivations of consumers. “Save money” and “health benefits” themes can be used as the central messages for the development of .
Preterm birth and developmental problems in infancy and preschool age Part II: cognitive, neuropsychological and behavioural outcomes

Abstract Few studies focus on the neuropsychological and behavioural outcomes of preterm children at preschool age. This article reviews the most recent and relevant contributions on cognitive, neuropsychological and behavioural outcomes, and the neuroradiological findings in extremely and very preterm infants. In the first 2 years of life, cognitive impairment is common: it has an incidence of 30–40% and a higher prevalence than neuromotor and neurosensorial impairments. Recent studies report that even preterm infants with no major disabilities at preschool age perform more poorly than term peers in multiple neuropsychological domains, such as language, attention, memory, visuomotor and visuospatial processing and executive functions. The incidence and severity of problems increase with decreasing gestational age. A delayed acquisition of neuropsychological functions and/or the occurrence of behavioural problems at preschool age are likely to be predictive of the high rate of cognitive deficits at school age and in adolescence. Neuropsychological functions across multiple developmental domains should be assessed longitudinally during routine follow-up checks.
Approaches to detecting growth faltering in infancy and childhood

One of the purposes of monitoring a child's weight or height is to detect growth faltering. In infancy the focus is on monitoring weight gain, primarily for detecting infants at risk of failure-to-thrive. In childhood, this switches to height gain, e.g. the response of a child that is growth hormone deficient to treatment with growth hormone. Cross-sectional charts provide no guidance in a longitudinal context. If we note the current weight or height of a child, but want to say something about a child's growth since the last weight and height measurement, we need to use a velocity/increment reference or take a conditional approach to the problem. Here we focus on growth faltering and review the mathematical approaches to this problem. Discussion will concentrate on the relative merits of the following approaches: velocity references and increment charts or tables; conditional gain Z-scores; infancy weight-monitoring charts and longitudinal growth norms implemented in the growth package LGROW; tracking indices and distance charts and centile crossing. Overall conditional gain Z-scores provide the most flexible means of assessing growth patterns.
Structure and Function of NAD Kinase and NADP Phosphatase: Key Enzymes That Regulate the Intracellular Balance of NAD(H) and NADP(H)

The functions of NAD(H) (NAD+ and NADH) and NADP(H) (NADP+ and NADPH) are undoubtedly significant and distinct. Hence, regulation of the intracellular balance of NAD(H) and NADP(H) is important. The key enzymes involved in the regulation are NAD kinase and NADP phosphatase. In 2000, we first succeeded in identifying the gene for NAD kinase, thereby facilitating worldwide studies of this enzyme from various organisms, including eubacteria, archaea, yeast, plants, and humans. Molecular biological study has revealed the physiological function of this enzyme, that is to say, the significance of NADP(H), in some model organisms. Structural research has elucidated the tertiary structure of the enzyme, the details of substrate-binding sites, and the catalytic mechanism. Research on NAD kinase also led to the discovery of archaeal NADP phosphatase. In this review, we summarize the physiological functions, applications, and structure of NAD kinase, and the way we discovered archaeal NADP phosphatase.
Risk , Return and Risk Aversion : A Behavioral Rendition

Behavioral finance and classical finance based on utility maximization appear to be mutually exclusive schools of thought. Despite the fundamental difference, we show that behavioral finance also has a linear relation between risk and return. This relation is obtained without the assumptions of market equilibrium, rational expectations, a specific utility function and the market portfolio. In the behavioral approach, the “pricing error” of CAPM is not an error. It is attributable to the higher-order moments of return. Empirical tests suggest that the relative risk aversion coefficient is positive and time-varying. Moreover, it correlates negatively with both volatility and return.
Open Source Software: From Open Science to New Marketing Models

This research report analyses several issues on the economics and management of Open Source Software (OSS). It offers an historical description of the emergence of OSS and of heterogeneous types of actors involved in the OSS phenomenon. From a theoretical perspective the paper discusses some crucial topics: the organization and performance of the development process in open source and traditional proprietary models, the incentives to innovation in different regimes of intellectual property protection, the ingredients of business models based on open source software. From an empirical perspective it presents some data on the diffusion of open source software in some segments of the software market and develops a detailed comparison of open source and proprietary licensing models, also drawing some implications on the use of different types of open source licences in the commercial market.
Would an Orthography Based on Chomsky and Halle's Underlying Phonological Representations Be Optimal?.

EDRS Price MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29 *English, Linguistics, *Linguistic Theory, Orthographic Symbols, Phonetics, *Phonetic Transcription, Phonology, Reading, *Reading Processes, Semantics, *Spelling Chomsky and Halle claim that an orthography based on their system of phonological representations of lexical items would be optimal. Their analysis assumes that (1) a reader need read only for meaning and not for sound, (2) an orthography based on their underlying phonological representations would not be exceptionally difficult to learn, and (3) there is no direct link between the phonetic aspect of a lexical item and its meaning. This paper argues that none of these assumptions is warranted and that an orthography based on a broad phonetic representation is to be preferred. (Author) Steinberg From: Working Papers in Linguistics; Vol. 3, No. 3, March 1971. WOULD AN ORTHOGRAPHY BASED ON CHOMSKY AND HALLE'S CY% UNDERLYING PHONOLOGICAL REPRESENTATIONS BE OPTIMAL? 1 rr\ Danny D. Steinberg L.C1 Department of English as a Second Language I.L. University of Hawaii The investigations of Chomsky and Halle (1968) into the sound system of English have led them to posit a certain system of underlying phonological representations (hereafter, UPR) for lexical items. This system is of prime importance in these researchers' consideration of the problem of an optimal orthography for English. They hold that the process of reading will be facilitated to the extent that an orthography corresponds to the UPR rather than to the phonetic (overt phonological) representations (hereafter, OPR) of lexical items. (Itis because our present. English orthography closely approximates their UPR system that they conclude that our spelling system is a near optimal system for the lexical representation of English words ( Chomsky and Halle, 1968: 49-50)). The rationale behind the view that an orthography based on UPR is more facilitating for reading than an orthography based on OPR is perhaps most clearly expressed by Carol Chornsky (1970) in what is essentially an elaboration of the Chomsky and Halle position. She states, 0 "Consider also the common items of words such as courage/courageous, or 440) anxi-ous/anxi-ety, or hoto ra ra hAlthough the phonetic variations are considerable, they are perfectly automatic, and the 0 lexical spellings [ "lexical spelling" is used here in a non-orthographic 0 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE 1 OFFICE OF EDUCATION krt THIS DOCUMENT MS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT. POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDUCATION 1 POSITION OR POLICY.