Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Model estimation of sulfate aerosol sources collected at Cape Hedo during an intensive campaign in October–November, 2015

ABSTRACTAn intensive observation campaign at Cape Hedo, Okinawa, Japan was conducted from late October to early November 2015 to investigate the behavior of long-range transported atmospheric pollutants. During this period, sulfate (SO42–) was the dominant aerosol component. The sources of SO42– were estimated by using the air quality model with the tagged tracer method. The main source of high SO42– concentration varied day-to-day. When the westerly wind was dominant (October 27), the main source was anthropogenic SO2 emissions in China. When the northerly wind prevailed (November 1), the impact of volcanoes in western Japan was significant and the conversion ratio from SO2 to SO42– was lowest, at less than 70%, because of the faster transport. During the latter part of the campaign, the northerly to easterly winds were prominent, and the impacts of Korea, Japan, and ships on SO42– observed at Cape Hedo were also clear. When the contributions from Korea, Japan, and ships were the highest (November 4), the conversion ratio was also the highest, at greater than 95% because of long-range transport. The modeled sources of volcanoes and ship emissions corresponded well with the observed coarse-mode SO42– and V/Mn ratio, respectively. The mutual evaluation of sources from model and observations enable SO42– sources to be estimated with higher confidence.
Ride-through-fault capabilities of DFIG wind farm connected to a VSC station during a DC fault

This work analyzes the capabilities of ride-through-fault (RTF) of a double-fed induction machine (DFIG), -based wind farm connected to a VSC-, in case of a fault in the DC side of the VSC. The modelling of the DFIG wind turbine takes into account key aspects that intervene in succeeding the fault ride-through such as the power capacity of its electronic converter and its control scheme. As result a better understanding of the behaviour and capabilities of such system to perform a successful RTF is achieved. This work also analyzes the behaviour of the momentary islanding of the system composed by the wind farm and the ac filters of the VSC station. Using that information, a novel control scheme for the offshore VSC station is proposed in order to enhance RTF capabilities of the wind farm in case of such DC faults.
Supply response for wheat in Turkey: a vector error correction approach

francaisLa reponse de l�offre de la production totale de ble a ete analysee en utilisant une approche de cointegration pendant la periode entre 1960 et 2009. La quantite de ble produit a ete analysee par rapport a la quantite produite pendant la periode precedente, la surface dediee a la production de ble et aux prix de production. La dynamique de l�equilibre a long terme a determine un modele de co-integration. Les resultats indiquent que les agriculteurs ne sont pas sensibles aux changements de prix. L�offre de ble se base sur les caracteristiques structurales de la production. L�equilibre a court terme est compense actuellement a raison de 90% sur la base de decisions concernant les prix, la quantite de production et la surface cultivee. Ceci signifie que l�equilibre a long terme depasse 90% pour la periode a l�etude. EnglishThe supply response of overall wheat production was analysed using a cointegration approach for the period 1960 and 2009. The amount of wheat produced was analysed with respect to the production amount of the previous period, to the land devoted to wheat production and the producer price. The dynamics of the long-run equilibrium led to the incorporation of a cointegration modelling. The findings indicated that farmers are not responsive to the price changes and the wheat supply is shaped according to structural characteristics of wheat production. The short-run equilibrium is offset by more than 90% in the current period, which was shaped by the past decisions on price, production amount and production lands. This means that the long-run equilibrium is reached by more than 90% in the period concerned.
Technical Optimization of Cross-Platform Software Development Process quality and Usability of 3rd-Party Tools

The article exposes developer's point of view on minimizing creation, upgrade, postrelease problem solving time for applications and components, targeted to multiple operating systems, while keeping high end product quality and computational performance. Non-uniformity of analogous tools and components, available on different platforms, causes strong impact on developer's productivity. In part. , differences in 3rd-party component interfaces, versions, quality of distinct functions, cause frequent switching developer's attention on issues not connected (in principle) with the target project. While loss of development performance because of attention specifics is more subjective value, at least physical time spent on tools/components misbehavior compensation and normal tools configuring is measurable. So, the main thesis verified is whether it's possible to increase continuity of the development process by technical improvements only, and by which value. In addition, a novel experimental tool for interactive code execution is described, allowing for deep changes in the working program without its restart. Question under research: minimizing durations of programming-build-test-correct loop and small code parts runs, in part. , improving the debugging workflow for the account of combining the interactive editor and the debugger.
Phytochemical Constituents and Effect of Combined Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Costus afer and Cleome Rutidosperma on Lipid Profile and Some Haematological Parameters in Wistar Rats

In the present study costus afer (CA) and cleome rutidosperma (CR) was screened for the of presence of plant products and the effect of combined ethanolic leaf extract of costus afer and cleome rutidosperma on some haematological and serum lipid parameters in rats during a 28 day administration of the doses of 50mg/kg and 100 mg/kg body weight orally was investigated. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, tannins and carbohydrates. The parameters evaluated include serum lipids, red and white blood cell indices. The results show that the extract administered significantly decreased (p 0.05) triglycerides concentration in the serum when compared with controls. The results of this study suggest that the combined leaf extract could be used in boosting immune system and may have beneficial effect on serum cholesterol concentration.
DIAGNOSTIC DÉLOCALISÉ PAR PCR TEMPS RÉEL DE LA LEISHMANIOSE CUTANÉE SÉVISSANT DANS LE FOYER DE CONSTANTINE (ALGÉRIE)

Compte tenu de la reemergence de la leishmaniose dans le monde, de la variabilite geographique de l'epidemiologie et de l'augmentation du nombre de voyageurs, une etude pilote sur le diagnostic de la leishmaniose cutanee a ete realisee a Constantine, l'un des foyers de l'est-algerien. 143 prelevements ont ete recoltes sur buvards et testes par PCR en temps reel et les resultats compares a ceux de l'examen direct. Le diagnostic de leishmaniose par PCR a ete positif dans 81% des cas pour la PCR contre 48% pour la microscopie. La PCR en temps reel a montre une difference quantitative significative entre les patients pour lesquels le diagnostic microscopique a ete positif et ceux dont l'examen direct a ete negatif. Les resultats presentes dans cette etude ont montre l'efficacite et la sensibilite de la PCR dans le diagnostic de la leishmaniose cutanee a partir des buvards. Avec cette technique, il a ete possible de realiser sur place un prelevement a chaque malade et d'obtenir des resultats dans un delai court. Une collaboration Nord-Sud basee sur l'utilisation de moyens simples de transmission des echantillons pour le diagnostic moleculaire a permis de creer un partenariat efficace en terme de diagnostic quotidien et de favoriser ainsi l'echange de chercheurs afin de preparer le transfert de technologie.
IFRS Implementation on a Utility Company

The acceptance of the International Financial Reporting Standards by Greece as a member of the EU, has created a major need to many large companies in the Greek market. In conjunction with the latest developments in Information System Technologies, these companies take advantage of this need and turn it into an opportunity to invest in international ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) systems for the support of their full business cycle. The objective of this study (case study) is to cover the implementation of an international ERP on a Greek Public Utility Company, analyzing the difficulties that appear due to the unique company culture and the lack of a former unified system for the company’s information system applications. Emphasis will be given on the IFRS implementation and the final solution that was formulated with the support and the interventions of the company’s financial staff. A decision was taken that the IFRS was affecting the company’s economic position mainly on the Fixed Assets and General Ledger areas and thus these where the two areas where the implementation took effect. The specific implementation has been developed, with great success, into a pilot solution for the coverage of the IFRS presentational and operational needs of similar companies with large volumes of transactional and financial data. The experience gained has enabled the financial staff of the company to look further into the future and take advantage of additional operational abilities provided by their new software for an horizontal spread of their MIS tools, enabling all the stakeholders to be able to get a clearer picture of the true financial position of the company, for the present and the future.
A Comparative Study of the Effect of Formative and Summative Evaluative Feedbacks on Students’ Self-Efficacy

The study investigated how teachers can shape students’ self-efficacy through the evaluative feedback they provide. With the aim of determining which of summative and formative evaluative feedback methods will have greater influence on changes in students’ self-efficacy. The study population comprised of 105 University Matriculation Examination (UME) candidates undergoing a remedial course in preparation for the examination. 55 of the UME candidates were randomly selected and were invited to participate in a “Vocabulary Builder Program”. Two questionnaires and two selfconstructed tests were used for data collection in the study. The collected data were analyzed using t-test and ANOVA to test the study hypothesis. The result after the first feedback indicates a significant increase in the performance of the formative feedback group in the second test, but the increase in the summative feedback group was not significant. Also, while the different in the self-efficacy measures of the formative feedback group was significant, the difference in the self-efficacy measures of the summative group was found not to be significant, and that there was a significant interaction effect between evaluative feedback methods and self-efficacy. Hence, it is suggested that teachers should endeavour to use formative feedback through which students will be provided with valuable information for performance improvement. Key words: Formative feedback, Summative feedback, Self-Efficacy, Evaluative, Performance
akAB Theory: Moving from Theory to Application

The energy efficiency community has long assumed that if energy efficiency programs can increase awareness or knowledge about energy efficiency (ak), then customers’ attitudes (A) toward energy efficiency will change, and energy-efficient behaviors (B) will follow. This paper presents the results of two market research studies conducted in California and Vermont that included indicators for assessing awareness/knowledge of energy-related issues (ak), concern and personal responsibility attitudes about energy use (A), and intention to act on a behavior (B). The two market research studies focused on very different energy efficiency programs - a residential appliance rebate program in California and an extensive home energy retrofit program in Vermont. In the California study, we found that program nonparticipants who had not planned to buy an ENERGY STAR® appliance had similar levels of awareness/knowledge and attitudes toward energy use as did the program participants. In the Vermont study, we found that respondents who had dropped out of the whole house/comprehensive upgrade program and nonparticipants who were not interested in installing a renewable energy system were more concerned about the financial impacts of energy use than program participants and nonparticipants who considered installing a renewable energy system. Findings from both studies demonstrate that awareness/knowledge, concern, and personal responsibility are effective in explaining some participant and nonparticipant differences or similarities. As for the intention indicator, further research is needed to refine this measure.
A study on effects of cash flow patterns and auditors' opinions in predicting financial distress

Article history: Received May 12, 2013 Received in revised format 25 June 2013 Accepted 27 June 2013 Available online June 29 2013 Bankruptcy has been one of the most important issues among investors in stock market and there are literally different techniques for predicting bankruptcy. In this paper, we study on effects of cash flow patterns and auditors’ opinions in predicting financial distress on some 80 selected firms traded on Tehran Stock Exchange over the period 2005-2011. In this study, the combination of cash flow patterns represent firm’s resource allocations and operational capabilities interacted with their strategy choices. In additions, predictions about each individual cash flow components, operational, investment, financial, are derived from economic theory, which forms a basis for the life proxy. We use cash flow patterns in the decline stage and compare the results with auditors’ opinions. The results indicate that cash flow patterns could predict financial distress companies in Iran. In addition, the effective cash flow patterns in predicting financial distress is more than auditors’ feedbacks. © 2013 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Dividend Policy and Stock Price Behaviour in Indian Corporate Sector: A Panel Data Approach

This paper attempts to explore the possible links between dividend policy and stock price behaviour in Indian corporate sector. A sample of 500 listed companies from BSE are examined for the years 1996-2006.Dividend policy has always been a source of controversy despite years of theoretical and empirical research both in developed countries and emerging economies. The present paper features a panel data approach to analyze the relationship between dividend-retention ratio and stock-price behaviour while controlling the variables like size and long-term debt-equity ratio of the firm. The sample is taken across six different industries namely electricity, food and beverage, mining, non-metallic, textile and service sector. The results are based on the fixed-effect model, as these perform statistically better than random effects and pooled OLS model. Results of the fixed-effect models indicate that dividend-retention ratio along with size and debt-equity ratio plays a significant role in explaining variations in stock returns. The fixed effect models show the presence of firm level effect in explaining the possible links between dividend policy and stock price behaviour of the firm. In another words it exhibits the possibility of "clientele effect" effect in case of some industries. Therefore the model helps to understand the intricacies of dividend policy and stock-return behaviour in Indian corporate sector for the same period. Although the results are not robust enough as in the case of developed markets but shades some more interesting facets to the existing corporate finance literature on dividend policy in India.
Linguistic Integration of the Descendants of Foreign Immigrants in Catalonia

Th is article analyzes the linguistic integration of the second generation of immigrants in Catalonia on the basis of the theory of segmented assimilation. Th e main objectives are to discover which factors help to determine the preference for the Catalan language (to the detriment of Spanish and the languages of origin) and the acquisition of written skills in Catalan among these young people. Th e sample comprises 3 578 descendants of foreign immigrants aged between 12 and 17. Various multivariable logistic regression models have been carried out on the basis of theoretically relevant predictors. Th e results of the analysis show that there are diff erent itineraries for linguistic adaptation among the teenage children of immigrants, refl ecting a linguistic segmentation. Th
Water flow facilitates recovery from bleaching in the coral Stylophora pistillata

Exposing partially bleached samples of Stylo- phora pistillata coral colonies to controlled water-flow treat- ments revealed differential recovery rates that varied in accordance with flow rate. Recovery of the number of zoo- xanthellae per unit area and chlorophyll a concentrations increased rapidly in moderate-flow treatments (of 20 cm s -1 ), after an initial 3 wk of stasis. Colonies in low-flow treatments (≤ 3 cm s -1 ) remained pale for the entire 7 wk experimental period and showed only slight increases in zooxanthellae per unit area. In an earlier study, we showed that when corals were subjected to high temperature and high irradiance, coral bleaching occurred in low-flow but not in moderate-flow treatments; the present study shows that recovery from bleaching is facilitated by flow treatment. In combination, prevention of and rapid recovery from bleaching by enhanced water flow suggest that the mechanisms that lead to dysfunction of the algae-coral symbiosis are driven by mass-transfer-limited processes.
SHADOW PRICES FOR PUBLIC INVESTMENT CRITERIA

A variety of discussions about how to construct investment criteria have appeared since the last half of the 1950's, partly out of experiences in making public investments both in advanced and developing countries, and partly out of the development of the theory of business finance". This problem is nothing other than an application of the theory of intertemporal resource allocation, so that it has a close connection with the traditional marginal analysis of capital and mathematical programming. In this paper, limiting the scope to the field of public investment, we shall focus our attention on the problem of the discount rate after a brief discussion about investment criteria. Then, using the idea of Fisherian (and Hirshleiferian) marginal analysis as a stepping-stone, we shall attempt to grasp the social rate of discount as a shadow price of a nonlinear program. In the last part of the paper, we shall give a brief comment on problems requiring further consideration.
Detecting traces of explosives

Detecting and identifying chemicals is critical for addressing security threats such as explosives. Those handling explosives tend to contaminate surfaces they touch with trace particles. Traditional trace detection technologies require surfaces to be swabbed and the swab placed into an instrument for analysis. For many reasons, non-contact methods are preferred, but these need to be safe to use around people, sensitive to small amounts of threat material, and sufficiently selective to distinguish chemicals of interest from the broad variety of surface types (vehicles, clothing, luggage, packages) in typical security scenarios. Many approaches to non-contact or ‘standoff’ detection of explosives have been explored. Most explosives evaporate slowly and, consequently, insufficient vapor is left in the air for ‘sniffing’ technologies. Previously deployed ‘puffer’ technologies (designed to blow particles off surfaces and collect them) were abandoned because they collected too much interfering dust. More recent non-contact approaches have been based on optical spectroscopies (such as laser-induced breakdown or Raman), but those typically use visible or UV lasers, which are not safe for our eyes. To overcome these issues, we have developed a novel method using IR spectroscopy.1–4 IR spectroscopy is based on the well-known absorption properties intrinsic to the specific chemical bonds within a molecule. IR spectrometers are ubiquitous in analytical chemistry laboratories and are a benchmark for chemical identification based on each material’s unique spectral ‘fingerprint. ’ In our method, we shine specific IR wavelengths on the surface of interest while observing the target using an IR camera as a thermal imager. Where the light is absorbed, the surface will warm slightly (by 1C), which is observed in the IR image.5 This thermal emission signal also contains spectroscopic signatures of the material emitting it, which we exploit using a series of IR filters before the camera.6 By comparing images captured as a function of incident wavelength, we generate a Figure 1. Schematic of photo-thermal IR imaging spectroscopy (PT-IRIS). A tunable IR quantum cascade laser is tuned to wavelengths ( ) characteristic of absorption bands in analytes of interest, such as explosives, and directed toward a target surface. The target surface is imaged using an IR camera to measure the local heating due to absorption by potential chemical threats.
Exploring the punctuating effect of emoji in Spanish whatsapp chats

espanolDesde la aparicion de internet, los investigadores se han interesado por el uso peculiar de la lengua en los entornos digitales. Uno de los elementos mas caracteristicos de la comunicacion digital son los emoticonos, secuencias de signos de puntuacion que representan expresiones faciales, que recientemente han sido sustituidos por pequenas imagenes en color, los denominados ‘emojis’. Pese a su popularidad, la investigacion sobre los emojis esta todavia en ciernes. El presente trabajo contribuye al estudio de los emojis, intentando comprobar si se utilizan como signos de puntuacion en la comunicacion digital, como se ha supuesto para los emoticonos tipograficos. Para ello hemos analizado un corpus de mensajes de WhatsApp en castellano que contenian estos pictogramas. Los datos cuantitativos indican que los emojis se utilizan de manera similar a la puntuacion final, sin embargo, una aproximacion mas discursiva al corpus muestra que los emoticonos graficos y los signos de puntuacion no llevan a cabo las mismas funciones. EnglishSince the early days of the internet, researchers have been interested in the distinctive use of language in digital settings. One particular feature is the use of emoticons, sequences of punctuation marks that represent facial expressions and which have recently been replaced by emoji, little colourful pictographs. Despite their popularity, research on emoji is still in its infancy. The present paper contributes to the study of emoji by testing one of the findings identified in linguistic research on typographic emoticons, namely that they may function as punctuation marks in computer-mediated communication. A corpus of messages in Spanish sent through the smartphone application WhatsApp was retrieved and chats containing emoji were selected and analysed. Quantitative analysis showed that emoji were used similarly to final punctuation marks. Nevertheless, a discursive analytical approach to the corpus revealed that emoji and punctuation do not carry out the same functions.