Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physician workload in mammography.

OBJECTIVE United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines for certification require that radiologists interpret > or = 960 mammography examinations within each 2-year period (approximately 480 annually). The purpose of our study was to estimate per-physician annual volumes of mammography interpretation. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Our study includes 4.2 million mammography examinations performed at 196 facilities between 1998 and 2004. We calculated the annual interpretive volumes per physician, the proportion of mammography examinations interpreted by radiologists in specified volume categories, and the impact on mammography capacity if annual interpretive volume requirements increased. RESULTS The mean annual mammographic interpretive volume was 1,777. Approximately 31% of radiologists interpreted < 1,000 mammography examinations annually, yet these low-volume radiologists interpreted only 10% of all mammograms. The 10% of radiologists who interpreted > or = 3,000 mammography examinations annually interpreted 32% of all examinations. Rural radiologists interpreted fewer examinations annually compared with urban radiologists. If the minimum annual volume requirement were increased to 1,000 mammograms per year, only 10% of the overall U.S. mammography capacity would be affected. If the requirement were increased to 2,000 mammograms annually, 47% of capacity would be eliminated, and a major rearrangement of workload would be required because most radiologists would no longer interpret enough examinations to meet the revised standards. CONCLUSION Doubling physician annual volume requirements would result in a small impact on overall mammography capacity. Increasing volume requirements to 2,000 mammography examinations annually would require a dramatic increase in the number of mammography examinations interpreted by the higher volume radiologists. Unless previously low-volume radiologists increased their volumes, raising requirements to 2,000 examinations could curtail access to mammography, particularly in rural areas.
Dietary gluten increases natural killer cell cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion

Dietary gluten influences the development of type 1 diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice and biobreeding rats, and has been shown to influence a wide range of immunological factors in the pancreas and gut. In the present study, the effects of gluten on NK cells were studied in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated that gliadin increased direct cytotoxicity and IFN‐γ secretion from murine splenocytes and NK cells toward the pancreatic beta‐cell line MIN6 cells. Additionally, stimulation of MIN6 cells led to a significantly increased proportion of degranulating C57BL/6 CD107a+ NK cells. Stimulation of C57BL/6 pancreatic islets with gliadin significantly increased secretion of IL‐6 more than ninefold. In vivo, the gluten‐containing diet led to a higher expression of NKG2D and CD71 on NKp46+ cells in all lymphoid organs in BALB/c and NOD mice compared with the gluten‐free diet. Collectively, our data suggest that dietary gluten increases murine NK‐cell activity against pancreatic beta cells. This mechanism may contribute to development of type 1 diabetes and explain the higher disease incidence associated with gluten intake in NOD mice.
Bed detection for monitoring system in hospital wards

Patient monitoring system has been providing a means for caregivers to regularly observe patients' condition in a multiple intensive care units from a single remote location in hospitals. In addition, the system may provide an addition layer of care, which includes software tools that support analysis of patients' vital signs, trends etc. To allow visual surveillance, cameras are installed in the patient wards. From the clinical observation, the key area in the hospital are around and on the bed as most of the activities take place and where patients spend most of their time. Therefore detecting the bed is the first basic task in studying and monitoring the patients' behavior. We have developed a novel technique in detecting the patient bed. This technique is based on Canny Edge detector and Hough Transformation. The algorithm is tested and the experimental results show that our proposed method can effectively locate the position of the patient bed.
The Circadian Rhythm of Core Temperature: Origin and some Implications for Exercise Performance

This review first examines reliable and convenient ways of measuring core temperature for studying the circadian rhythm, concluding that measurements of rectal and gut temperature fulfil these requirements, but that insulated axilla temperature does not. The origin of the circadian rhythm of core temperature is mainly due to circadian changes in the rate of loss of heat through the extremities, mediated by vasodilatation of the cutaneous vasculature. Difficulties arise when the rhythm of core temperature is used as a marker of the body clock, since it is also affected by the sleep‐wake cycle. This masking effect can be overcome directly by constant routines and indirectly by “purification” methods, several of which are described. Evidence supports the value of purification methods to act as a substitute when constant routines cannot be performed. Since many of the mechanisms that rise to the circadian rhythm of core temperature are the same as those that occur during thermoregulation in exercise, there is an interaction between the two. This interaction is manifest in the initial response to spontaneous activity and to mild exercise, body temperature rising more quickly and thermoregulatory reflexes being recruited less quickly around the trough and rising phase of the resting temperature rhythm, in comparison with the peak and falling phase. There are also implications for athletes, who need to exercise maximally and with minimal risk of muscle injury or heat exhaustion in a variety of ambient temperatures and at different times of the day. Understanding the circadian rhythm of core temperature may reduce potential hazards due to the time of day when exercise is performed.
Prospective memory function and cue salience in mild cognitive impairment: Findings from the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study

ABSTRACT Objective: Prospective memory (PM) is crucial to the maintenance of functional independence in late adulthood and is consistently impaired in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). There remains a need for brief but valid measures of this construct that can be used as part of a comprehensive clinical assessment of cognition. Since the distinctiveness of PM cues is argued to determine the degree of strategic, controlled demands of PM paradigms, two variants of a brief measure were developed, one of which presented low-salience and the other high-salience PM cues. Method: A large cohort of older adults with normal cognition or MCI was assessed with one of the two variants of our brief, novel measure of PM. Participants were asked to remember to execute PM tasks where the target cue was either high or low in salience, while concurrently engaged in an ongoing task of olfactory assessment. Results: The task was able to discriminate between groups of participants with MCI or no cognitive impairment, albeit with a small effect size. The high-salience cue improved performance on the PM task; however, there was no interaction of cue salience with group. Conclusions: These results suggest that the temporal reliability and construct validity of very brief measures of the type used in this study need further exploration to determine their potential to provide meaningful insights into PM function. This measure may have utility as a brief screening tool, with identified deficits being followed up with a more comprehensive PM assessment.
Dexamethasone Suppression Test and the Response to Antidepressant Depending on Their Central Monoaminergic Action in Major Depression

After 1 mg DST, 25 major depressive patients (DSM-III) received at random either a specific inhibitor of noradrenaline reuptake (Maprotiline) or an inhibitor of serotinin reuptake (Indalpine or Citalopram). After at least 3 weeks of treatment, no difference was found in treatment response between suppressors and non suppressors. This study is unable to confirm the usefulness of the DST in selection of treatment according to its central activity on serotonin or noradrenaline-reuptake.
Development of a conceptual framework for knowledge management within construction project supply chain

Knowledge management (KM) has become an important process in many industries since last decade. To sustain in the turbulent business environment, KM is seen as pre-requisite in the project-based industries including the construction industry to solve regular and emerging situations. Regular tasks and daily activities result into reuse/sharing of past experience and knowledge, whereas emergent situations provide opportunities to develop and adapt innovative and novel approaches to overcome critical challenges. In the construction projects, these project learning and shared experiences are valuable assets. The captured knowledge can be reused during a project and for future projects to improve project performance across all phases of construction. However, in reality, knowledge capture practices are hampered due to work pressure, time pressure, poor working conditions and dismantling of the project team at the end of the project. Integrated project supply chain for a construction project is an innovative and collaborative approach for solving many such challenges. First, the concepts of KM and integrated project supply chain in construction development processes are reviewed. Second, this paper differentiates between regular and emerging situations. Finally, the paper proposes a conceptual framework of KM for construction project supply chain partners to capture and reuse project knowledge.
Frequency of and Factors Associated With Contact Lens Dissatisfaction and Discontinuation

Purpose: To determine the frequency of and factors associated with contact lens dissatisfaction and discontinuation. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 730 subjects was conducted using a self-administered survey instrument. The survey collected information about present age and sex, history of contact lens wear, types of lenses worn, age at starting wear, current wearing schedule (hours per day, days per week), self-perceived contact lens satisfaction, and contact lens-related problems. A variety of statistical analyses including analysis of variance, logistic regression, and repeated-measures logistic regression were used to model the data. Results: Current or previous experience with contact lenses was reported by 453 (62%) of the subjects. Of these subjects, 119 (26.3%) reported that contact lenses were not the ideal form of visual correction for them (contact lens dissatisfaction) and another 109 (24.1%) had permanently discontinued contact lens wear. Dissatisfied contact lens wearers had reduced self-reported wearing times compared with satisfied contact lens wearers. Previous lens wearers were more likely than current lens wearers to be men, older (by ∼9.5 years), have started contact lens wear at a later age (∼4-5 years later), and have tried either rigid or both soft and rigid lenses. The primary self-reported reason for both contact lens dissatisfaction and discontinuation was ocular symptoms (dryness and discomfort), followed by preference for another corrective modality. Conclusion: A significant number of contact lens wearers are not satisfied with contact lenses and are at risk for discontinuation.
Towards Understanding the Impact of Human Mobility on Police Allocation

Motivated by recent findings that human mobility is proxy for crime behavior in big cities and that there is a superlinear relationship between the people's movement and crime, this article aims to evaluate the impact of how these findings influence police allocation. More precisely, we shed light on the differences between an allocation strategy, in which the resources are distributed by clusters of floating population, and conventional allocation strategies, in which the police resources are distributed by an Administrative Area (typically based on resident population). We observed a substantial difference in the distributions of police resources allocated following these strategies, what evidences the imprecision of conventional police allocation methods.
A study on non-invasive blood glucose estimation — An approach using capacitance measurement technique

Continuous blood glucose monitoring can help and prevent hyperglycemia level in diabetic patients. In the present study we aimed to estimate the blood glucose concentration using cost effective non-invasive forearm capacitance measurement technique. This technique is based on the fact that glucose level affects the dielectric properties of blood and underlying tissue. Test procedures were performed on 10 healthy subjects with age ranging from 25 to 35 years in two phases using a designed parallel plate capacitor circuit. Forearm part act as a dielectric medium of parallel plate capacitor and 555 timer circuits is used to produce pulse waveform based on measured capacitance. In first phase, capacitance was measured after consumption of sucrose (table sugar). In second phase, capacitance was measured after consumption of artificial sweetener. A total of 25 trials were made during the whole testing process. We observed that as the blood glucose value increases, magnitude of measured capacitance value also decreases. Therefore the trend of measured capacitance obtained after sucrose consumption is similar to the trend which was already established in oral glucose tolerance (OGT) test. Hence our results are promising and show the potential of this technique in predicting in-vivo blood glucose concentration; however, further improvement of the accuracy of the device is needed by doing more trails.
The fusion of multisensor images with multi-resolutions

Images taken by different sensors at different time instant with different resolutions are formulated by state space models, and are fused by use of Multiscale Kalman Filter (MKF). The effectiveness of the presented algorithm is shown by comparing it with the wavelet based method through experiments, where four performance measures are used. The performance evaluation indices are the root mean square errors (RMSE), the information entropy (Entropy), the space frequency (SF) and the space visibility (SV). Theretical analysis and experimental results show the effectiveness of the presented algorithm.
Effects of the hospitality industry’s code of ethics on organizational performance

Ethics refers to a system of rules, moral principles, and standards that govern behaviors and moral judgments (Nergiz, Kozak, & Balta, 2011). A code of ethics (CE) is “a written expression of an organization’s ethical norms and values that apply to all related stakeholders” (Valentine & Barnett, 2003; 359). CE serves as the foundation of a business’ core values and vision because this code affects decisions related to supervisor–employee behavior, customer treatment, social concerns, and public stakeholders (Jose & Thibodeaux, 1999; Koonmee, Singhapakdi, Virakul, & Lee, 2009; Lee, Choi, Moon, & Babin, 2014). The hospitality industry is one of the major industries that provide customer services to locals and international travelers. Hospitality practitioners are accountable for protecting the ethical rights of an organization, its employees, and customers. Accordingly, employees can refer to CE as a guideline for dealing with customers and other coworkers within the unit. Organizational structure is another important factor for the implementation of CE, whether an organization allows its employees to be flexible or limited to the rule or policy execution. Skaggs and Galli-Debicella (2012) stated that the set of codes of conduct in organizations could lead to the implementation of organizational structure. Consequently, organizational structure can play a mediating role in affecting CE, employee commitment, and organizational performance. Challenges remain in understanding and applying ethical concepts in hospitality management. First, various ethical practices are justified by different cultures, environments, and organizations (Payne & Dimanche, 1996; Tolkach, Pratt, & Zeng, 2017). Employees and customers are from different countries and cultures and may exhibit their distinct ethical and unethical philosophies and behaviors. Second, hospitality managers fail to inform employees and customers about the latest rules and regulations. Hence, employees follow outdated company policies or CE, thereby triggering arguments on business standards within organizations. Last, hospitality
Does AVID Higher Education (AVID HE) Increase Student Term-to-Term Progression, Persistence Toward Credited Classes and Social Capital for First-Generation College Students Placing Into Developmental Education: A Mixed Methods Study

Often considered the gateway to the middle class in the United States, community colleges are struggling to find ways to support all students in career planning and preparation. Unfortunately, increasing numbers of first generation students who enter community colleges through the door of open access, place into developmental education (remedial) courses and must satisfactorily complete this often-rigid sequence before beginning college level classes. For many first-generation, under-prepared, underresourced students, this is a frustrating and often insurmountable barrier, causing many students to abort their postsecondary training. Creating intentional conditions and instructional strategies that support student learning is essential in increasing the number of first-generation, under-prepared and under-resourced students who enter and complete postsecondary training and degrees. Advancement via Individual Determination Higher Education (AVID HE) is one identified holistic support strategy showing positive trends in supporting this student population on one community college campus. This study used a mixed methods approach which included both a statistical analysis of a treatment group in a combined reading/writing course called WR91 Mt Hood Community College AVID HE Learning Communities and two stand-alone reading/writing courses called RD90/WR90 courses, along with a case study qualitative methodology to investigate how AVID HE supports pre-college developmental education
Serotonin and noradrenaline excite GABAergic neurones of the guinea‐pig and cat nucleus reticularis thalami.

1. The actions of serotonin (5‐HT) and noradrenaline (NA) in the cat perigeniculate nucleus (PGN) and the guinea‐pig nucleus reticularis thalami (NRT) were investigated with extracellular and intracellular recordings obtained from neurones in thalamic slices maintained in vitro. 2. Single, local application of either 5‐HT or NA resulted in pronounced (5‐50 Hz) and prolonged (2‐10 min) excitation associated with the occurrence of single‐spike activity. Serotoninergic excitation was specifically blocked by the 5‐HT2/5‐HT1C antagonists ketanserin and ritanserin, but not by the 5‐HT1A antagonist pindolol or the 5‐HT3 antagonist ICS 205‐930. Furthermore, the 5‐HT response was mimicked by alpha‐methyl‐5‐HT, but not by the 5‐HT1A agonist 8‐hydroxydipropylaminotetralin (8‐OHDPAT) or the 5‐HT3 agonist 2‐methyl‐5‐HT. Together, these results indicate that this excitatory response is mediated through 5‐HT2 receptors with the possible involvement of 5‐HT1C receptors. 3. Noradrenergic excitation was specifically blocked by the alpha 1‐antagonist prazosin, but not by the beta‐antagonist propranolol or the alpha 2‐antagonist yohimbine. Similarly, the response was mimicked by the alpha‐agonist phenylephrine, but not by the beta‐agonist isoprenaline. These results indicate that the noradrenergic excitation is mediated by alpha 1‐adrenoceptors. 4. Block of synaptic transmission either by lowering external calcium concentration ([Ca2+]o) to 0.5 mM and raising external magnesium concentration ([Mg2+]o) to 10 mM or by local application of tetrodotoxin failed to block the excitatory or depolarizing response to 5‐HT or NA indicating that these responses are direct and not mediated through the release of other neurotransmitters. 5. Intracellular recordings revealed that the 5‐HT‐ and NA‐induced excitations are mediated by a pronounced slow depolarization associated with an apparent decrease in input conductance and an increase in the membrane time constant. Current versus voltage plots obtained under voltage clamp before and during the presence of 5‐HT and NA revealed that these neurotransmitters induced an inward current which reversed to an outward current at ‐107 and ‐110 mV, respectively, in 2.5 mM external potassium concentration ([K+]o). This reversal potential was identical to that associated with an increase in potassium conductance activated by acetylcholine (‐110 mV) in the same neurones. Plots of the amplitude of the 5‐HT‐ or NA‐induced current versus membrane potential revealed a linear relationship in the voltage range from ‐140 to ‐60 mV. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A Novel Sulindac Derivative Lacking Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitory Activities Suppresses Carcinogenesis in the Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate Model

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs including sulindac are well documented to be highly effective for cancer chemoprevention. However, their cyclooxygenase (COX)-inhibitory activities cause severe gastrointestinal, renal, and cardiovascular toxicities, limiting their chronic use. Recent studies suggest that COX-independent mechanisms may be responsible for the chemopreventive benefits of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and support the potential for the development of a novel generation of sulindac derivatives lacking COX inhibition for cancer chemoprevention. A prototypic sulindac derivative with a N,N-dimethylammonium substitution called sulindac sulfide amide (SSA) was recently identified to be devoid of COX-inhibitory activity yet displays much more potent tumor cell growth-inhibitory activity in vitro compared with sulindac sulfide. In this study, we investigated the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway as a potential target for its COX-independent antineoplastic mechanism and evaluated its chemopreventive efficacy against prostate carcinogenesis using the transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate model. The results showed that SSA significantly suppressed the growth of human and mouse prostate cancer cells expressing AR in strong association with G1 arrest, and decreased AR level and AR-dependent transactivation. Dietary SSA consumption dramatically attenuated prostatic growth and suppressed AR-dependent glandular epithelial lesion progression through repressing cell proliferation in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate mice, whereas it did not significantly affect neuroendocrine carcinoma growth. Overall, the results suggest that SSA may be a chemopreventive candidate against prostate glandular epithelial carcinogenesis. Cancer Prev Res; 3(7); 885–95. ©2010 AACR.