Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Milk L-lactate concentration is increased during mastitis

A study was undertaken in cattle to evaluate changes in milk L-lactate in relation to mastitis. A healthy, rear quarter of the udder of each of ten cows in mid-lactation was infused with 1000 colony-forming units (cfu) of Streptococcus uberis following an afternoon milking. Foremilk samples were taken at each milking from control and treated quarters and antibiotic treatment was applied following the onset of clinical mastitis or after 72 h. One cow did not become infected. Six quarters showed clinical symptoms of mastitis within 24–40 h and this was associated with a more than 30-fold increase in milk L-lactate (to 3·3 mM) and an increase in somatic cell count (SCC) from 4·5×103 to 1×107 cells/ml. Three cows were subclinical, with cell counts ranging from 1·5×106 to 1×107 cells/ml. In these animals, milk lactate ranged from 0·7 to 1·5 mM in the infected quarters up to 40 h post-infection, compared with less than 0·1 mM in control quarters. Milk was examined from 137 cows in mid-lactation which were known to have mastitis. Foremilk samples were taken aseptically from control and infected quarters of cows on commercial farms. Mean milk L-lactate concentrations and SCC were 0·14±0·02 mM and 1·85±0·3×105 cells/ml, respectively, in control (bacteriologically negative) samples. However, L-lactate concentrations exceeded 2·5 mM in the presence of some types of infection, the level of the lactate response being closely related to the impact of the infection on SCC. L-Lactate concentrations were relatively elevated in milk samples taken post partum, declining from 0·8 to 0·14 mM over the first few days of lactation. In conclusion, milk L-lactate has potential as an indicator of clinical and subclinical mastitis in dairy cows.
Lung Krüppel-like Factor Contains an Autoinhibitory Domain That Regulates Its Transcriptional Activation by Binding WWP1, an E3 Ubiquitin Ligase*

Lung Krüppel-like factor (LKLF/Krüppel-like factor 2), a member of the Krüppel-like factor family of transcription factors, is expressed predominately in the lungs, with low levels of expression in other organs such as heart, spleen, skeletal muscle, and testis. LKLF is essential during pulmonary development and single-positive T-cell development and is indispensable during mouse embryogenesis. In this study, we performed a series of experiments to define the activation domain of LKLF as a means to further advance the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying transcriptional regulation by this transcription factor. Using deletion analysis, it is shown that LKLF contains a transcriptional activation domain as well as a strong autoinhibitory subdomain. The inhibitory subdomain is able to independently suppress transcriptional activation of other strong activators such as viral protein 16, VP16. This occurs either when the inhibitory domain is fused directly to VP16 or when the inhibitory domain is independently bound to DNA by GAL4 DNA-binding domain independent of the VP16 activator. Overexpression of the LKLF autoinhibitory domain alone potentiates transactivation by wild type LKLF, suggesting that the inhibitory domain binds a cofactor that prevents LKLF from transactivating. A yeast-two hybrid screen identified WWP1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that binds specifically to the LKLF inhibitory domain but not to other transcription factors. In mammalian cells, WWP1 functions as a cofactor by binding LKLF and suppressing transactivation. These data demonstrate that LKLF contains multiple domains that either potentiate or inhibit the ability of this factor to function as an activator of transcription; moreover, regulation of LKLF transactivation is attenuated by an E3 ubiquitin ligase, WWP1.
O-notation in algorithm analysis

We provide an extensive list of desirable properties for an O-notation --- as used in algorithm analysis --- and reduce them to 8 primitive properties. We prove that the primitive properties are equivalent to the definition of the O-notation as linear dominance. We abstract the existing definitions of the O-notation under local linear dominance, and show that it has a characterization by limits over filters for positive functions. We define the O-mappings as a general tool for manipulating the O-notation, and show that Master theorems hold under linear dominance.
Changes in myocardial ischemic burden following percutaneous coronary intervention of chronic total occlusions.

Objectives: We assessed the potential for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of a chronic total occlusion (CTO) to decrease myocardial ischemia and established objective criteria to predict post-procedure improvement. Background: Optimal treatment for CTO of coronary arteries is controversial, and selection criteria for PCI of CTO are subjective. Methods: All patients undergoing CTO PCI at a single center between 2002 and 2007 were included if myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) was performed within 12 ± 3 months before and a follow-up study within 12 ± 3 months after PCI. Average summed difference scores were calculated and converted to percent ischemic myocardium to classify patients as having normal/minimal, mild, moderate, or severe ischemia. A significant improvement in ischemia following PCI was classified as an absolute ≥5% decrease in ischemic myocardium. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify ischemic thresholds predictive of decreased and increased ischemic burden on follow-up MPI. Results: In 301 patients, average baseline ischemic burden was 13.1% ± 11.9% and decreased to 6.9% ± 6.5% (P < 0.001) during follow-up. Overall, 53.5% of patients met criteria for improvement following PCI. These patients were more likely to be male, without diabetes, with CTO in the left anterior descending artery, and classified as having high ischemic burden at baseline. ROC analysis identified a baseline 12.5% ischemic burden as optimal in identifying those most likely to have a significantly decreased ischemic burden post-PCI. Those with a baseline ischemic burden less than 6.25% were more likely to have an increased ischemic burden post-PCI. Conclusions: Ischemic burden is reduced following CTO PCI, and the decrease is greater at high ischemic burden. A threshold of 12.5% ischemic burden is suggested as a criterion for performing PCI in the setting of CTO. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effects of metoclopramide on the growth hormone response to galanin in normal man.

One of the most prominent metabolic effects of the systemic administration of the synthetic neuropeptide galanin in man is the increase in growth hormone (GH) secretion. This stimulating action of galanin is thought to occur directly at the hypothalamic level through the release of GHRH. Recently, it has been shown that also dopaminergic drugs may elicit GH secretion through an increase in hypothalamic GHRH secretion. The aim of this study was to investigate if the action of galanin on GHRH and consequently on GH release may be mediated via dopaminergic pathways evaluating the effects of a potent central dopaminergic receptor blocker, metoclopramide (MCP), on the galanin-induced growth hormone (GH) secretion in normal subjects. We studied seven young non obese healthy subjects (three females and four males). GH secretion was evaluated after 45 min iv infusion of porcine galanin (0.5 mg in 100 ml of saline) from 0 to 45 min combined with a 60 min iv infusion of a) saline (100 ml) or b) MCP (10 mg in 100 ml of saline) from -15 to 45 min. In all the seven subjects, during galanin infusion, GH values increased with respect to baseline with peaks occurring between 30 and 60 min after the beginning of galanin infusion. Peak GH values ranged between 3.5 and 15.4 micrograms/l (mean 10.4 +/- 1.6 micrograms/l). During MCP infusion no significant differences in the GH response to galanin with respect to saline were observed both when absolute GH levels and GH AUC were examined. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Comparison of 22 nm virus from human faeces with animal parvoviruses.

Summary The 22 nm virus seen in the faeces of people with and without gastroenteritis has been shown to have the electron microscopic appearance of porcine parvovirus (PPV) and of mink enteritis virus (MEV). In CsCl gradients the density of the human virus (1.34 to 1.42 g/ml) was similar to that of PPV (1.31 to 1.39 g/ml).
Thyroid hormone and conditioned medium effects on astroglial cells from hypothyroid and normal rat brain: Factor secretion, cell differentiation, and proliferation

The effects of triiodothyronine (T3)on cell morphology were examined in cerebral hemisphere and cerebellar astrocyte cultures obtained from normal and hypothyroid neonatal rats. T3‐treatment induced morphological changes in astrocytes from cerebral hemispheres. This morphological effect was produced earlier if astrocytes were treated with conditioned medium obtained from cerebral hemisphere astrocyte cultures previously exposed to 50 nM T3. T3 or conditioned medium‐treatment produced faster morphological changes in hypothyroid rat cerebral hemisphere astrocyte monolayers. Cerebellar astrocytes from normal brain did not respond to thyroid hormone with morphological changes, but proliferated after T3‐treatment. However, hypothyroid cerebellar astrocyte cultures exhibited morphological changes, differently than normal cells.
Transient CNS deficits

The incidence of transient (<24 hour) neurologic loss was evaluated from a survey returned by 80/87 members of Cornell's Department of Neurology. Transient CNS dysfunction was reported by 25/80 (32%; 95% confidence interval, 21 to 44%). In most (15) only vision was affected, but ten (13%; 6 to 23%) reported nonvisual deficits. In nine of these ten, loss of power, balance, or coordination was noted, sometimes with other symptoms (visual in two), and the tenth subject had speech arrest. Seven of the ten had more than one episode. Episodes in these ten individuals began at age <30 in four, 30 to 34 in five, 35 to 39 in none, and 40 to 44 in one. The reported frequency of migraine was nonsignificantly higher in patients with nonvisual (4/10, 40%) or visual (7/15, 47%) episodes than in respondents without episodes (12/55, 22%; χ22 = 4.3). Except for inflammatory bowel disease in one respondent, no obvious cause of the nonvisual episodes was evident from follow-up structured interviews. Five of the ten with nonvisual loss and eight of the 15 with isolated visual symptoms thus had no obvious cause for their episodes. Follow-up is limited to a median of 5 years, but none of the 25 has had any residual deficit or chronic neurologic disorder, suggesting that these relatively common episodes of CNS deficit are benign. As new, hyperacute stroke therapies emerge, efforts to distinguish these episodes from true, early strokes will become increasingly important.
Bovina spongiformna encefalopatija i mlijeko

153 Pregledni ~lanak Bovina spongiformna encefalopatija (BSE) je prionska bolest goveda, koja se pojavila 1985. godine u Velikoj Britaniji i izazvala veliku epidemiju izrokovanu hranom. Oboljelo je vi{e od milijun ̀ ivotinja. Bolest se {irila izvozom britanskih prehrambenih proizvoda za goveda (mesno i ko{tano bra{no), najvi{e u europske zemlje, zatim Kanadu, Sjedinjene Ameri~ke Dr`ave i Japan. BSE je prenosiva na ljude konzumacijom inficiranog mesa; vi{e od 160 slu~ajeva ove »varijante« Creutzfeldt-Jacobove bolesti je bila potvr|ena u Velikoj Britaniji, 26 u Francuskoj i rijetki slu~ajevi u drugim zemljama. Konatalna infekcija u potomaka inficiranih goveda se javlja u nekih 10 %. Mlijeko je od ogromne va`nosti u ljudskoj prehrani, osobito djece, a infektivnost mlijeka u ovom ~asu još nije sasvim jasna, i premda je malo vjerojatna, ipak najnovija istra`ivanja pokazuju, da je mogu}a u odre|enim uvjetima, i stoga su potrebna dalja istra`ivanja, te epidemiolo{ke mjere za izolaciju mogu}ih rizi~nih `ivotinja. Za jednu drugu sli~nu prionsku bolest, a to je scrapie, infektivnost mlijeka je dokazana. Situacija na svjetskom tr`i{tu mlijeka je danas kaoti~na i zahtijevala bi usku suradnju odgovornih politi~ara i ekonomista, uz stru~ni nadzor veterinara i lije~nika u svijetu i u Hrvatskoj.
Insomnia symptoms in older adults: associated factors and gender differences.

OBJECTIVES the aim of this study was to examine the factors associated with insomnia in community-dwelling elderly as a function of the nature and number of insomnia symptoms (IS), e.g., difficulty with initiating sleep (DIS), difficulty with maintaining sleep (DMS), and early morning awakening (EMA). METHODS is were assessed in a sample of 2,673 men and 3,213 women aged 65 years and older. The participants were administered standardized questionnaires regarding the frequency of IS and other sleep characteristics (snoring, nightmares, sleeping medication, and sleepiness) and various sociodemographic, behavioral and clinical variables, and measures of physical and mental health. RESULTS more than 70% of men and women reported at least one IS, DMS being the most prevalent symptom in both men and women. Women reported more frequently two or three IS, whereas men reported more often only one IS. Multivariate regression analyses stratified by gender showed that men and women shared numerous factors associated with IS, sleeping medication, nightmares, sleepiness, chronic diseases, and depression being independently associated with two or three IS. For both sexes, age was associated with only one IS in all age categories. Loud snoring was strongly associated with increased DMS in men only. High body mass index increased the risk for DIS in men but tended to decrease it in women. In women, hormonal replacement therapy, Mediterranean diet, and caffeine and alcohol intake had a protective effect. CONCLUSION our data suggest that women may have specific predisposition factors of multiple IS, which may involve both behavioral and hormonal factors. Identification and treatment of these risk factors may form the basis of an intervention program for reduction of IS in the elderly.
Koulukotiin sijoitettujen nuorten psykiatrinen oirekuva ja ennuste

Koulukoti on vaikeasti kaytosoireilevien nuorten viimesijainen sijoituspaikka. Vakava nuoruusian kaytosoireilu ennustaa paihteiden ongelmakayttoa, rikollisuutta seka mielenterveyden ongelmia aikuisialla. Aikuisten rikollisten historiassa on usein koulukotisijoitus, mutta kaikista koulukotiin sijoitetuista ei rikollisia kuitenkaan tule. Mitka tekijat erottelevat kaytosoireilevien nuorten joukosta ne, joilla on kaikkein huonoin ennuste?
Towards a theory for diffusive coupling functions allowing persistent synchronization

We study synchronization properties of networks of coupled dynamical systems with interaction akin to diffusion. We assume that the isolated node dynamics possesses a forward invariant set on which it has a bounded Jacobian, then we characterize a class of coupling functions that allows for uniformly stable synchronization in connected complex networks—in the sense that there is an open neighbourhood of the initial conditions that is uniformly attracted towards synchronization. Moreover, this stable synchronization persists under perturbations to non-identical node dynamics. We illustrate the theory with numerical examples and conclude with a discussion on embedding these results in a more general framework of spectral dichotomies.
arly loss of measles antibodies after MMR vaccine among HIV-infected dults receiving HAART

Objective: : The objective of the study was to evaluate the immune response to measles vaccine of HIVinfected adults in comparison to HIV non-infected adults. Design: We conducted a cross-sectional study to identify adults lacking measles antibodies. 26 HIVinfected patients and 22 controls found to be measles seronegative in the cross-sectional study, received the MMR vaccine. We prospectively followed patients and measured measles antibodies, and cellular proliferative responses against measles antigens. We registered all adverse events at baseline, 3 and 12 months after vaccination. Methods: We determined measles antibodies by ELISA and cellular proliferative response in PBMC’s at baseline, and repeated measurements at 3 and 12 months after vaccination. Results: The humoral immune response to the vaccine between HIV-infected adults and the HIVuninfected group was not statistically different at 3 months (81% vs. 86% respectively). One year after vaccination, a higher proportion of HIV-infected adults had lost measles antibodies in contrast to controls. The cellular response was not statistically different between the groups at baseline, 3 and 12 months after immunization despite the waning of antibodies at 12 months. No severe adverse events were observed. Most patients were receiving HAART and had a mean CD4+ cell count of 496 cells/mL. Conclusions: The initial humoral immune response to measles vaccine was not different between HIVinfected adults and HIV-uninfected adults. However, HIV-infected adults have a rapid decline of measles igh C antibodies despite their h
Faithful interpolation in reciprocal tables

Describes a table compression method employing finite-precision linear interpolation in reciprocal tables. The interpolation method employs a compressed look-up table and a small-sized multiplier to yield an output reciprocal as a simple direct operation. The leading bits of the arbitrarily precise input are used to index the table, and a limited number of succeeding fractional bits are used to interpolate on the table employing a multiply/add operation. The low-order bits of the product are rounded off so that the output reciprocals are guaranteed to be correct to a unit in the last place and provide a round-to-nearest reciprocal for over 90% of arbitrarily precise input arguments. The interpolation method generates 2k-bit faithful reciprocals employing a k-bits-in, (2k+2)-bits-out table and a (k+3)/spl times/(k+3)-bit multiplier. A single-precision faithful reciprocal can be generated employing a table of size 13 kBytes and a 15/spl times/15-bit multiplier, compared to a table size of 46 MBytes for conventional reciprocal tables. The table and dedicated small multiplier efficiently characterize a functional reciprocator unit with, at most, a 2-cycle latency.
Consonant and Vowel confusions

Confusion analysis for closed-set recognition of 64 consonantvowel (CV) sounds, spoken by 18 talkers, is presented. In presence of speech-weighted noise the confusions patterns of the CV syllables categorize into three sets, depending on the consonant. The consonant confusions correlate closely with the high frequency spectra of the consonants while the vowel confusions correlate with the vowel durations and the second formant frequencies.
ACTION OF VARIOUS SUBSTANCES ON THE MITOCHONDRIA OF LIVING CELLS CULTIVATED IN VITRO

Several authors have attempted to modify, by the action of various physical or chemical agents, the structure or the enzymatic functions of mitochondria isolated by different techniques (centrifugation, dilaceration, etc.), or i~ sit14 (Anitschow,' Bensley,2 Z ~ l l i n g e r , ~ ~ Harman and F e i g e l s ~ n , ~ ~ elc.). I t must be stressed that most of these researches were made on unfavorable material, or on isolated mitochondria. I n the latter cases, the conneclions with other cellular elements with which the mitochondria have functional exchanges (ChCvremont and Frederic,2zl 23 Frederic16s 17) were severed. After having studied, with M. Chhremont, the chondriome of cells placed in normal conditions, it seemed to me interesting to follow, by means of phase microscopy and cinemicrography, directly on living cells, the behaviour of the chondriome under the influence of various substances of well-known properties. First I investigated the action of defergeg.ert/s (wetting agents),ls which concentrate a l interfaces. Then I proposed to study a series of substances which could modify cellular metabolism. These researches are still in progress and, until now, I have centered my attention on 2.1 dim' /roplzeiz~l~~ and plzetiylurelhane. It is well known that nitro derivatives, among them 2.4 dinitrophenol, increase notably the metabolism in general and particularly cellular oxidations (Heymans el U Z . , ~ ~ , 25 Dodds and Pope,12 Field-Martin and Field,13 ChC~remont,~ e k ) . The mechanism of action of dinitrophenol (DNP) has been the object of numerous investigations (cf. Summer and Myrba~k,"~ Krebs,'R etc.) ; its toxicity in tissue cultures has been studied by \'erne,36 On the other hand, phenylurethane, a narcotic, has been used in researches on metabolism and segmentation of frog eggs (Brachet3, HilleP) ; this substance adsorbs readily on the interfaces on which the cellular enzymes are fixed and inhibits dehydrogenases (Keilin" Quastel and Wheatley"). Working on an identical cellular material, also at the Institute of Histology of the University of LiCge, M. ChEvremont and S. ChCvremont-Comhaire, investigating the act ion of Triliydro.vy-n'-me/liyliiidole on growth, have shown its notable effect on the chondriome. These authors' results, which have been published in l1 will be quoted hcre and discussed in connection with our own findings.
Strategy for managing maternal variant RHD alleles in Rhesus D negative obstetric populations during fetal RHD genotyping

Fetal RHD screening programs that aim to reduce unnecessary antenatal anti‐D prophylaxis are being introduced into clinical practice. Strategies to manage women serologically typed as Rhesus D negative who have maternal RHD variants are needed. This study describes maternal RHD allelic variants detected in nonselected and alloimmunised Rhesus D negative obstetric populations and explores a mathematical approach to identify these variants.
Blood levels of chemotherapeutic agents and clinical outcome.

T IS PERHAPS surprising given the literature on antibiotics, dilantin, and the cardiac glycosides, that measurements of anticancer drug concentrations achieved in blood are not part of the routine use of these agents. Certainly, a strong argument may be made for this practice, since we often employ these agents at almost maximally tolerated doses, and the antitumor response obtained may be very dose-dependent. However, as reported by Rodman et al in this issue of the Journal,' as well as in a previous publication, 2 the concentration of drug achieved and the area under the curve (AUC) value obtained may vary as much as four- to sixfold among patients receiving the same dose schedule. More important, treatment outcome may be less than optimal in patients not achieving the desired blood levels. Without the benefit of these measurements, the clinician has a choice: to treat to a certain level of toxicity by dose adjustment; or to believe, like the ostrich with his head in the sand, that the "recipe" employed will give effective drug concentrations regardless of normal tissue toxicity. The implications of these and other studies that measure blood concentrations of drugs are of even greater significance, if one accepts that for certain chemotherapy-sensitive tumors, "dose intensity" is a crucial factor in outcome. Thus, dose intensity must be further defined as effective dose intensity, ie, the AUC achieved for drugs rather than the dose administered. While these considerations apply to certain
Expression of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors 1–4 in Human Chronic Tympanic Membrane Perforation

Objective: To locate fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFRs) 1–4 in human chronic tympanic membrane (TM) perforation. Methods: A sample of human chronic TM perforation was harvested during myringoplasty. The sample was immediately fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded in OCT compound. Immunohistochemistry was performed with FGFR 1–4 polyclonal antibodies. Results: FGFRs 1–4 were strongly and weakly expressed in the epidermal and mucosal layer of the TM perforation, respectively. Conclusions: As it is impossible to perform quantitative analysis based on the fluorescence intensity of each immunoreactivity, the presence of FGFRs 1–4 in the human chronic TM perforation is shown. The expressions of FGFRs 1–4 indicated that the clinical use of bFGF agent is useful for myringoplasty.