Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Fingerprint of Climate Change and Urbanization in South Korea

Understanding long-term changes in precipitation and temperature patterns is important in the detection and characterization of climate change, as is understanding the implications of climate change when performing impact assessments. This study uses a statistically robust methodology to quantify long-, medium- and short-term changes for evaluating the degree to which climate change and urbanization have caused temporal changes in precipitation and temperature in South Korea. We sought to identify a fingerprint of changes in precipitation and temperature based on statistically significant differences at multiple-timescales. This study evaluates historical weather data during a 40-year period (1973–2012) and from 54 weather stations. Our results demonstrate that between 1993–2012, minimum and maximum temperature trends in the vicinity of urban and agricultural areas are significantly different from the two previous decades (1973–1992). The results for precipitation amounts show significant differences in urban areas. These results indicate that the climate in urbanized areas has been affected by both the heat island effect and global warming-caused climate change. The increase in the number of rainfall events in agricultural areas is highly significant, although the temporal trends for precipitation amounts showed no significant differences. Overall, the impacts of climate change and urbanization in South Korea have not been continuous over time and have been expressed locally and regionally in terms of precipitation and temperature changes.
Mycielski, and queen graphs

We prove several results about three families of graphs. For queen graphs, defined from the usual moves of a chess queen, we find the edge-chromatic number in almost all cases. In the unproved case, we have a conjecture supported by a vast amount of computation, which involved the development of a new edge-coloring algorithm. The conjecture is that the edge-chromatic number is the maximum degree, except when simple arithmetic forces the edge-chromatic number to be one greater than the maximum degree. For Mycielski graphs, we strengthen an old result that the graphs are Hamiltonian by showing that they are Hamilton-connected (exceptM3, which is a cycle). For Keller graphsGd, we establish, in all cases, the exact value of the chromatic number, the edge-chromatic number, and the independence number; and we get the clique covering number in all cases except 5 ≤ d ≤ 7. We also investigate Hamiltonian decompositions of Keller graphs, obtaining them up to G6.
The d. a.

1 هدکشناد ،روشک ییاذغ عیانص و هیذغت تاقیقحت وتیتسنا ،ییاذغ عیانص و مولع تاقیقحت هورگ رایداتسا مولع ناریا ،نارهت ،یتشهب دیهش یکشزپ مولع هاگشناد ،ییاذغ عیانص و هیذغت 2 ،نایوجشناد تاقیقحت هتیمک هاگشناد ،ییاذغ عیانص مولع و هیذغت هدکشناد ،ییاذغ عیانص و هیذغت تاقیقحت وتیتسنا ،ییاذغ عیانص و مولع هورگ دشرا یسانشراک يوجشناد مولع ناریا ،نارهت ،یتشهب دیهش یکشزپ 3 شناد ،نایوجشناد تاقیقحت هتیمک يرتکد يوج دیهش یکشزپ مولع هاگشناد ،ییاذغ عیانص مولع و هیذغت هدکشناد ،ییاذغ عیانص و هیذغت تاقیقحت وتیتسنا ،ییاذغ عیانص و مولع هورگ ناریا ،نارهت ،یتشهب
REDUCTION OF ALKALI SUPPLEMENT IN A PILOT-SCALE THERMOPHILIC MULTI-STAGED UASB REACTOR TREATING ALCOHOL DISTILLERY WASTEWATER

One of the main disadvantages of anaerobic wastewater treatment at a low pH is the significantoperational cost due to the addition of necessary alkali. To reduce alkali supplement and thus the cost, thisstudy proposes a sequential multi-feed (SqMF) mode (distributed feeding) and effluent recycle (ER) mode.Experiments were conducted with a pilot-scale (2.5 m3) thermophilic (55°C) multi-staged up-flow anaerobicsludge blanket reactor. Alcohol distillery wastewater (shochu), a major source of industrial wastewater inJapan, was used for the study. The SqMF mode of operation (influent pH: 5.0; organic loading rate: 45kgCOD/m3/day; HRT: 12 hours; influent COD concentration: 20,900 mgCOD/L) successfully reduced thealkali supplement (24% NaOH solution) requirement by 67.2% compared with the single-feed mode. For theER mode operation (organic loading rate: 35 kgCOD/m3/day; HRT: 12 hours; influent COD concentration:17,400 mgCOD/L), operation was possible without any alkali supplement since the system uses the alkalinity generated during microbial metabolism.
Evolution of Human Resource Management and Theoretical Aspects of Productive Management

Human capital is one of the most important factors in determining the effectiveness of any organization and the density of human capital is as one of the indispensable necessities of every organization that can improve its efficiency and continuity. Human capital rather than physical or financial capital is considered as knowledge, skills, creativity, and individual health. In this study, we will examine theoretical aspects of the productive human resources management followed by formulating strategies for areas of r human resources with attention to macroeconomic strategies and environmental factors affecting human capital in any organization.
Managing grassland systems in a changing climate: the search for practical solutions.

By the end of the XXIst century, a global temperature rise between 1.5 and 4°C compared to 1980- 1999 and CO2 concentrations in the range 550-900 ppm are expected, together with an increased frequency of extreme climatic events (heat waves, droughts, and heavy rain) that is likely to negatively affect grassland production and livestock systems in a number of world regions. Grassland management has a large potential to mitigate livestock greenhouse gas emissions at a low (or even negative) cost, by combining a moderate intensification, the restoration of degraded pastures and the development of silvo-pastoral systems. Climate change vulnerability will be highest in regional hot spots with high exposure to climatic extremes and low adaptive capacity, such as extensive systems in dryland areas. Biome shifts, with expansion or contraction of the grassland biome, are projected by models. Resistance, resilience and transformation strategies can be used for grassland adaptation. With sown grasslands, adaptation options include changes in forage species (e.g. use of C4 grasses and of annual species) and genotypes and the use of grass-legume mixtures. Grazing management can be adapted to increase the resilience of plant communities to climatic variability. Our understanding of the synergies and trade-offs between adaptation and mitigation in the grassland sector is still limited and requires further research. Provided this understanding is gained, climate smart grassland systems that sustainably increase productivity and resilience (adaptation), reduce greenhouse gas emissions (mitigation), and enhance food security and development could be promoted. By reducing productivity gaps and increasing livestock production efficiency, they would also contribute to mitigate climate change from tropical deforestation and expansion of grasslands into savannahs. (Resume d'auteur)
Detection of Recurrent Copy Number Alterations in the Genome: a Probabilistic Approach

Copy number variation (CNV) in genomic DNA is linked to a variety of human diseases (including cancer, HIV acquisition, autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases), and array-based CGH (aCGH) is currently the main technology to locate CNVs. Several methods can analyze aCGH data at the single sample level, but disease-critical genes are more likely to be found in regions that are common or recurrent among samples. Unfortunately, defining recurrent CNV regions remains a challenge. Moreover, the heterogeneous nature of many diseases requires that we search for CNVs that affect only some subsets of the samples (without prior knowledge of which regions and subsets of samples are affected), but this is neglected by current methods. We have developed two methods to define recurrent CNV regions. Our methods are unique and qualitatively different from existing approaches: they detect both regions over the complete set of arrays and alterations that are common only to some subsets of the samples and, thus, CNV alterations that might characterize previously unknown groups; they use probabilities of alteration as input (not discretized gain/loss calls, which discard uncertainty and variability) and return probabilities of being a shared common region, thus allowing researchers to modify thresholds as needed; the two parameters of the methods have an immediate, straightforward, biological interpretation. Using data from previous studies, we show that we can detect patterns that other methods miss and, by using probabilities, that researchers can modify, as needed, thresholds of immediate interpretability to answer specific research questions. These methods are a qualitative advance in the location of recurrent CNV regions and will be instrumental in efforts to standardize definitions of recurrent CNVs and cluster samples with respect to patterns of CNV, and ultimately in the search for genomic regions harboring disease-critical genes.
The sandwich generation in Brazil: demographic determinants and implications

The paper analyzes the demographic determinants and implications of the ‘sandwich generation’ in Brazil. This generation is characterized by women who are likely to devote a significant amount of time to caring for both young children and elderly parents. In the past few decades, Brazil has been facing a rapid fertility and mortality decline, but the average fertility age has changed very little. The combination of these elements has had socioeconomic consequences on women and families. More specifically, we investigate: (i) what is the probability of a woman having a young child (less than one year of age) and a living parent; (ii) what is the average time that women spend within the sandwich generation and how has this duration changed over time; and (iii) what is the average age when children experience a grandparent’s death. We use a socsim microsimulation to analyze these three questions.
Security and integrity checker for JavaScript dependencies

Nowadays, most of web-based software includes heavy usage of external dependencies. However, the control over the security aspects of these dependencies is out of control of the developers, because dependency injectors do not check for the security or integrity. Thus, the software built on top of insecure dependencies become vulnerable too. We propose a novel solution by using the PumaScript meta-programming framework and browser capabilities to generate a safe JavaScript dependency injector that help in generation of software solutions less vulnerable.
Do Differences in Pleading Standards Cause Forum Shopping in Securities Class Actions?: Doctrinal and Empirical Analyses

Federal appellate courts have promulgated divergent legal standards for pleading fraud in securities fraud class actions after the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act (PSLRA). Recently, the U.S. Supreme Court issued a decision in Tellabs v. Makor Issues & Rights that could have resolved these differences, but did not do so. This article provides two significant contributions. We first show that Tellabs avoids deciding the hard issues that confront courts and litigants daily in the wake of the PSLRA's heightened pleading standard. As a consequence, the opinion keeps very much alive the circuits' disparate interpretations of the PSLRA's fraud pleading standard. To be sure, Tellabs might ultimately be applied by lower courts to narrow the range of permissible approaches to satisfying the strong inference standard, but leaves a good deal of room within which wide variations in approach will continue. Our second contribution is empirical in that we seek to answer the question: do plaintiffs' attorneys take advantage of the differences among the circuits' interpretation of the pleading standard to select more favorable venues to file their cases as some scholars have claimed? We find that 85% of the securities fraud class actions in our sample are filed in the home circuit of the defendant corporation. In the remainder of cases, those that are filed outside the defendant's home jurisdiction, our analysis shows that differences in the pleading standards do not explain a statistically significant amount of the reason for that decision. While the differences in the circuits' pleading standards do not have a statistically significant impact on the plaintiffs' choice of venue, we find that plaintiffs are more likely to file low value cases in jurisdictions other than the one in which the defendants' headquarters is located. In particular, we find that cases with smaller provable losses and without an accompanying SEC investigation are statistically significantly more likely to be filed in circuits other than where the defendant's principal place of business is located. We interpret the former result as consistent with the hypothesis that in lower value cases, plaintiffs' counsel is more likely to select jurisdictions that are convenient to themselves rather than to the defendant. Conversely, when an SEC investigation is proceeding on the basis of the same operative facts, our results are consistent with the claim that plaintiffs' counsel will avoid filing outside of the defendant corporation's home jurisdiction to avoid procedural delays.
Serie documentos de trabajo POTENTIAL GAINS FROM INTEGRATION OF INCOMPLETE MARKETS

In a economy without a complete set of security markets, we analyse the possibility of obtaining potential Pareto gains when a supply-side policy reform is introduced. As a particular case, we consider the formation of a Customs Union in which a group of countries frees trade among them sett ing a common external tariff. In either case we construct a mechanism for distributing the gains from productive efficiency. This mechanism has the government fix consumer prices, after tax returns to assets and capital gains whereas producer prices and asset prices are kept free to clear markets. With incomplete markets public policy will affect the distribution of risks among the population so changing risk taki ng behavior. General conclusions about its effectiveness, in econom ies with a stock market, require conditions to be specified that imply the unanimity of national consumers in the evaluation of the reform together with the compensatory policies used. In these kind of economies potential gains are possible. Our results require however strong assumptions to make governments able to compensate the losers from the reform. It will be very difficult to achieve Pareto gains.
Dendritic cell-based vaccination: powerful resources of immature dendritic cells against pancreatic adenocarcinoma

ABSTRACT Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) has a poor prognosis. One treatment approach, investigated here, is to reinforce antitumor immunity. Dendritic cells (DCs) are essential for the development and regulation of adaptive host immune responses against tumors. A major role for DCs may be as innate tumoricidal effector cells. We explored the efficacy of vaccination with immature (i)DCs, after selecting optimal conditions for generating immunostimulatory iDCs. We used two models, C57BL/6Jrj mice with ectopic tumors induced by the PAC cell line, Panc02, and genetically engineered (KIC) mice developing PAC. Therapeutic iDC-vaccination resulted in a significant reduction in tumor growth in C57BL/6Jrj mice and prolonged survival in KIC mice. Prophylactic iDC-vaccination prevented subcutaneous tumor development. These protective effects were long-lasting in Panc02-induced tumor development, but not in melanoma. iDC-vaccination impacted the immune status of the hosts by greatly increasing the percentage of CD8+ T-cells, and natural killer (NK)1.1+ cells, that express granzyme B associated with Lamp-1 and IFN-γ. Efficacy of iDC-vaccination was CD8+ T-cell-dependent but NK1.1+ cell-independent. We demonstrated the ability of DCs to produce peroxynitrites and to kill tumor cells; this killing activity involved peroxynitrites. Altogether, these findings make killer DCs the pivotal actors in the beneficial clinical outcome that accompanies antitumor immune responses. We asked whether efficacy can be improved by combining DC-vaccination with the FOLFIRINOX regimen. Combined treatment significantly increased the lifespan of KIC mice with PAC. Prolonged treatment with FOLFIRINOX clearly augmented this beneficial effect. Combining iDC-vaccination with FOLFIRINOX may therefore represent a promising therapeutic option for patients with PAC.
Guesthouses in the Maldives: Towards Community-Based Tourism

The Guesthouses sector in the Maldives is a rapidly growing sector which gives visitors a cheaper alternative for mid to low market segments. The permission to operate Guesthouses in the inhabited islands of Maldives was granted in 2009. These accommodations mostly provided only lodging facilities for the visitors although some are connected with FandB outlets. The sector accounts for 16% of the of the total bed capacity in the Maldives. This research proves that there are implications in proceeding with the Guesthouse businesses in the local islands. One negative impact is socio-cultural. Maldivians have been used to living in small island communities undisturbed from foreigners and for this reason, many locals in the island communities think that hosting foreigners year-round destroys their unique way of life, and hence they do not encourage the rapid progress of Guesthouse businesses. For this reason, the integration of local communities with Guesthouse tourism is not an easy endeavor. Even though this form of tourism is supported by the Maldivian government, it was found that many locals still have reservations on integrating with the tourists due to the socio-cultural differences. The findings of this research led the author to conclude that Community Based Tourism can be a solution if effectively implemented.
Anti‐acne properties of hydrophobic fraction of red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) and its active components

Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin that occurs when bacteria abnormally grow in hair follicles. The most common treatment is antibiotics, but they are limited due to antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this study was to identify the active ingredients of the antimicrobial effects of red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), compare it to existing antibacterial substances, and determine its potential efficacy as a natural drug product. The hydrophobic fraction in red ginseng ethanol extract (RGEF) showed the same or better antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes than benzoyl peroxide or azelaic acid. In addition, the antimicrobial component derived from red ginseng selectively showed a high antimicrobial effect on P. acnes. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis showed that the active antimicrobial substance in this fraction was panaxynol and panaxydol. Twenty subjects who had acne symptoms were treated with cream containing 3 mg/g of RGEF for 4 weeks. It was found that oxidized sebum contents and redness of the skin were reduced, and symptoms of the early to middle stage of acne were effectively improved. This study showed that red ginseng extract containing panaxynol and panaxydol can effectively control the symptoms of acne.
Seasonal variability of the composition and structure of parasite communities of red porgy, Pagrus pagrus (Perciformes: Sparidae) off Brazil

Abstract A study of seasonal variation of metazoan parasite community of Pagrus pagrus was conducted between January and December 2012. Two hundred forty specimens of Pagrus pagrus were collected in four seasons (autumn and winter in dry season and spring and summer in rainy season) from off the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Twenty one species of metazoan parasites were found, with larvae of Hysterothylacium sp. being the dominant species. The highest values of prevalence and abundance was during the rainy season with peak prevalence of monogeneans and nematodes, period of action of the South Atlantic Central Waters (SACW) and reproductive activity of the host, suggesting that the sasonal variation in the parasites community was influenced for these phenomena.
Prognostic Implications of Serum Lipid Metabolism over Time during Sepsis

Background. Despite extensive research and an improved standard of care, sepsis remains a disorder with a high mortality rate. Sepsis is accompanied by severe metabolic alterations. Methods. We evaluated 117 patients with sepsis (severe sepsis [n = 19] and septic shock [n = 98]) who were admitted to the intensive care unit. Serum cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), free fatty acid (FFA), and apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I levels were measured on days 0, 1, 3, and 7. Results. Nonsurvivors had low levels of cholesterol, TG, HDL, LDL, and Apo A-I on days 0, 1, 3, and 7. In a linear mixed model analysis, the variations in TG, LDL, FFA, and Apo A-I levels over time differed significantly between the groups (p = 0.043, p = 0.020, p = 0.005, and p = 0.015, resp.). According to multivariate analysis, TG levels and SOFA scores were associated with mortality on days 0 and 1 (p = 0.018 and p = 0.008, resp.). Conclusions. Our study illustrated that TG levels are associated with mortality in patients with sepsis. This may be attributable to alterations in serum lipid metabolism during sepsis, thus modulating the host response to inflammation in critically ill patients.
Heterogeneity and Variability in Pressure Autoregulation of Organ Blood Flow: Lessons Learned Over 100+ Years

Objectives: Pressure autoregulation is an organ’s intrinsic ability to maintain blood flow despite changes in perfusion pressure. The purpose of this review is to discuss autoregulation’s heterogeneity among different organs and variability under different conditions, a very clinically relevant topic. Data Sources: Systematic search of Ovid MEDLINE; nonsystematic search of PubMed, Google Scholar, and reference lists. Study Selection: Animal or human studies investigating the potency or variation of pressure autoregulation of any organs or the association between autoregulation and outcomes. Data Extraction: Two authors screened the identified studies independently then collectively agreed upon articles to be used as the basis for this review. Data Synthesis: Study details, including subjects, organ investigated, methods of blood pressure intervention and blood flow measurement, and values of the lower limit, upper limit, and plateau were examined. Comparative canine studies were used to demonstrate the heterogeneity of pressure autoregulation among different organs and validate the proposed scale for organ categorization by autoregulatory capacity. Autoregulatory variability is discussed per organ. The association between cerebral autoregulation and outcome is summarized. Conclusions: The organs with robust autoregulation are the brain, spinal cord, heart, and kidney. Skeletal muscle has moderate autoregulation. Nearly all splanchnic organs including the stomach, small intestine, colon, liver, and pancreas possess weak autoregulation. Autoregulation can be readily affected by a variety of clinically relevant factors. Organs with weak or weakened autoregulation are at a greater risk of suboptimal perfusion when blood pressure fluctuates. Cerebral autoregulation and outcomes are closely related. These lessons learned over 100+ years are instructive in clinical care.