Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Silica Triflate as an Efficient Reagent for the Chemoselective Formylation of Alcohols

Silica triflate, as a new and stable silica-based reagent, is prepared by a reaction of silica gel with trifluoromethane sulfonyl chloride at room temperature. This reagent can be used for the efficient and selective formylation of alcohols in the presence of phenols in a relatively short reaction time and high yields under heterogeneous reaction conditions.
Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on Carbon Fixation in Antarctic Nanophytoflagellates

Carbon fixation in Antarctic nanoflagellates dominated by cryptomonads collected during a summer cruise in 1995 decreased after short‐term exposition (3 h) under both UVA and UVA + UVB radiation compared to white light. The dose applied with artificial lamps was within the range of the natural UV radiation measured at the surface during the cruise. The depletion of C fixation was higher after UVA + UVB than after UVA alone. The inhibition of carbon fixation in the laboratory depended on the time of sample collection and, consequently, on the UV dose received in the natural environment before sampling. Thus, the cells collected in the morning showed 82% of inhibition by UVA + UVB but that collected at noon showed only 72%. The same effect was observed by UVA: 72% of inhibition in the morning samples and 62% at noon. Thus, photoprotection mechanisms seem to be operating during the day protecting the cells against a rise in UV radiation. Red fluorescence (attributed to chlorophyll) per cell, as determined by flow cytometry, was not affected by UV, however, orange fluorescence (attributed to phycoerythrin) increased clearly after UV radiation compared to that in white light. The increment of orange fluorescence was higher after UVA than after UVA + UVB radiation. The rapid increase in fluorescence emission could be due to an uncoupling of energy transfer and it is suggested as a protective mechanism against UV radiation by absorbing UV radiation.
Comparing two non-equilibrium approaches to modelling of a free-burning arc

Two models of high-pressure arc discharges are compared with each other and with experimental data for an atmospheric-pressure free-burning arc in argon for arc currents of 20–200 A. The models account for space-charge effects and thermal and ionization non-equilibrium in somewhat different ways. One model considers space-charge effects, thermal and ionization non-equilibrium in the near-cathode region and thermal non-equilibrium in the bulk plasma. The other model considers thermal and ionization non-equilibrium in the entire arc plasma and space-charge effects in the near-cathode region. Both models are capable of predicting the arc voltage in fair agreement with experimental data. Differences are observed in the arc attachment to the cathode, which do not strongly affect the near-cathode voltage drop and the total arc voltage for arc currents exceeding 75 A. For lower arc currents the difference is significant but the arc column structure is quite similar and the predicted bulk plasma characteristics are relatively close to each other.
The carbon budget of coarse woody debris in a temperate broad-leaved secondary forest in Japan

We evaluated the carbon budget of coarse woody debris (CWD) in a temperate broad-leaved secondary forest. On the basis of a field survey conducted in 2003, the mass of CWD was estimated at 9.30 tC ha-1, with snags amounting to 60% of the total mass. Mean annual CWD input mass was estimated to be 0.61 tC ha-1 yr-1 by monitoring tree mortality in the forest from 1999 to 2004. We evaluated the CWD decomposition rate as the CO2 evolution rate from CWD by measuring CO2 emissions from 91 CWD samples (RCWD) with a closed dynamic chamber and infrared gas analysis system. The relationships between RCWD and temperature in the chamber, water content of the CWD, and other CWD characteristics were determined. By scaling the measured RCWD to the ecosystem, we estimated that the annual RCWD in the forest in 2003 was 0.50 tC ha-1 yr-1 or 10%–16% of the total heterotrophic respiration. Therefore, 0.11 tC ha-1 yr-1 or 7% of the forest net ecosystem production was sequestered by CWD. In a young forest, in which CWD input and decomposition are not balanced, the CWD carbon budget needs to be quantified for accurate evaluation of the forest carbon cycle and NEP.
Infrared Spectrometric Purity Control of Organic Liquids and Water

For the purpose of purity control, spectral comparisons are performed by regressing the infrared spectrum of a potentially polluted sample on the reference spectrum of the pure compound. The resulting correlation coefficient, R, is a measure of the similarity between both spectra. It is shown that it is advantageous to transform R to Fisher's Z coefficient, especially in the case of relatively small impurities. Following this transformation, a critical value for Z can be determined by reproducibility measurements and if Z falls below this critical value for a certain sample, a contamination of the examined product will be diagnosed. As a first example, the manner in which a certain type of phthalate plasticizer containing small contaminations of another similar type can be analyzed, is described. The purity control of water is discussed as a second example. In this case, potassium hydrogen phthalate is the impurity that can be detected. All spectra are measured by multiple internal reflection using a Diamond Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) accessory. Impurities in the per mill range (ca. 0.1 ― 10%) can be detected using this technique.
One dimensional CuInS2–ZnS heterostructured nanomaterials as low-cost and high-performance counter electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells

Wurtzite CuInS2-ZnS heterostructured nanorods are synthesized via a seed-assisted synthetic route. Cu1.94S-ZnS heterostructured nanorods are transformed into CuInS2-ZnS by reacting with indium ions to convert copper sulfide to wurtzite CuInS2. The shapes of the CuInS2-ZnS heterostructured nanorods can be tuned from burning torch-like to longer rod-like by varying the concentration of added indium. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) using these heterostructured nanocrystals as counter electrodes had a power conversion efficiency (7.5%) superior to DSSCs made with conventional platinum electrode (7.1%) under the same device configuration.
Statistics of white dwarf properties in intermediate polars

Abstract Many intermediate polars are hard X-ray sources. The theory of their hard X-ray radiation is well developed and allows us to determine white dwarf masse in this kind of cataclysmic variables. Here we present the results of determination the masses of 35 white dwarfs in the intermediate polars observed by observatories NuSTAR (10 sources) and Swift/BAT (25 sources). The corresponding mass accrerion rates and the luminosity function were also derived due to accurate distance to the sources well known now after Gaia DR2.
Kinetics, thermodynamic, and adsorption studies on removal of chromium(VI) using Tulsion A-27(MP) resin

ABSTRACT The kinetics, thermodynamic, and adsorption studies on removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous and in presence of industrial solvents 2-methoxyethanol and 2-ethoxyethanol with macroporous resin Tulsion A-27 was studied at varying concentration of Cr(VI), adsorbent dosage, pH, contact time, and temperature. Batch shaking sorption experiments were carried out to evaluate the performance of Tulsion A-27(MP) anion exchange resin in the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous and mixed aqueous solvents, 2-methoxyethanol and 2-ethoxyethanol. The concentrations of Cr(VI) in aqueous and mixed aqueous solvents were determined by UV-Visible spectrophotometer. As the adsorption process is pH dependent, it showed maximum removal efficiency of Cr(VI) in the pH range of 5–6 for an initial chromium concentration of 0.0011 M. Effect of temperature on the equilibrium constant was studied and the thermodynamic parameters were evaluated. Kinetic experiments revealed the dominance of adsorption. The sorption models, Langmuir an.
Mass transfer in drops under conditions that promote oscillation and internal circulation

Single drops supported on hypodermic tubing have been studied in a wind tunnel to determine the effect of drop oscillation on mass transfer. The systems studied for the case where internal resistance controls consisted of absorption of sulfur dioxide gas by drops of glycerine, propylene glycol, and ethylene glycol. The results may be expressed in terms of effective diffusivity. No significant effect was noted in glycerine, whereas the glycols gave effective diffusivity values two to eight times greater than theoretically calculated values of molecular diffusivities. Frequencies, amplitudes, and internal circulation velocities in the drops were studied by cinematography. The effect of oscillation on external mass transfer coefficients was studied by sublimation of naphthalene spheres in air. In the cases where the vibrational velocity was less than the stream velocity, no effect was noted; this is in agreement with heat transfer studies. A technique has been developed for studying the effect of internal circulation on effective diffusivity by the use of forced circulation through a drop suspended on hypodermic tubing. A pseudofilm thickness is determined as a function of circulation velocity and presents a means of predicting effective diffusivities for the systems studied. This technique has been demonstrated, giving results in fair agreement with the correlation of Garner and Lane.
Vergleich von traditionellen und neuartigen Adsorberpolymeren bei der Adsorption von 1,2‐Dichlorethan aus Wasser

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden traditionelle und neuartige Adsorberpolymere bei der Adsorption von 1,2-Dichlorethan aus Wasser untersucht. Dabei konnte festgestellt werden, das die neuartigen (d.h. nachvernetzten) Adsorberpolymere aufgrund ihrer viel groseren spezifischen Oberflache wesentlich hohere Beladungen erreichen als die traditionellen (d.h. nicht nachvernetzten) Adsorberpolymere. In der Adsorptionskinetik unterscheiden sich dagegen die nicht nachvernetzten und die nachvernetzten Adsorberpolymere kaum voneinander. Comparison of Traditional and Novel Polymeric Adsorbents with Regard to the Adsorption of 1,2-Dichloroethane from Water The adsorption of 1,2-dichloroethane from water onto traditional and novel polymeric adsorbents was studied in this publication. It was found that the novel (cross-linked) polymeric adsorbents have a higher loading than the traditional (not crosslinked) polymeric adsorbents. The main reason for that is the larger specific surface. There is no remarkable difference between the crosslinked and not crosslinked polymeric adsorbents due to the kinetics of adsorption.
CSCI 699 ML4Know: Midterm Report

The ability to anticipate the future is an essential aspect of real-time decision-making. For example, experienced drivers are less likely to be involved in car accidents due to their ability to predict how other cars will move. For automated systems like social robots, self-driving cars, and augmented reality (AR) assistants to function effectively, it is necessary for them to have this ability to forecast the future. In computer vision, action anticipation is the problem of predicting the next action in a video, given video of previous actions (i.e., context video). This task is challenging because target video segment is invisible, and there may be many plausible next actions, given the context video. Meanwhile, understanding how the previous actions are associated with each other and with other actions is important for predicting which action is most likely to come next. For instance, after observing the action sequence [pour milk→ pick up milk → open fridge], if one recognizes the relationship between these actions, they might infer that the next action is to put the milk back in the fridge. Given the strong parallel between action anticipation and language modeling – i.e., predict next word/action, given previous words/actions – we propose to use GloVe (Pennington et al., 2014) to learn action embeddings which are semantically meaningful and reflect global action co-occurrence relationships. Just as word embeddings have been used to improve performance in various downstream language tasks, we hypothesize that using this kind of contextual action representation will be beneficial for the downstream task of action anticipation.
Optical Properties of Gold Nanosphere Arrays Formed on Polystyrene Templates

We present a systematic study on optical reflection (OR) and photoluminescence (PL) of gold nanosphere arrays formed on polystyrene (PS) templates. These optical coefficients are measured at room-temperature when the diameter of single nanosphere varies from 200 nm to 2000 nm and the shell thickness changes from 5 nm to 15 nm. The OR spectrum shows the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and two peaks at about 375 nm and 540 nm wavelengths for all samples. The strong PL emission is observed in 315–350 nm wavelength. We find that the amplitude of the OR and PL spectra depends quite sensitively on diameter and shell thickness of the nanosphere.
Mycotoxicological evaluation of barley grain and its products.

Summary The aim of the study was to perform the analysis of trichothecenes and zearalenone content in barley g rain and food commodities such as grits, flour and flakes, coming fr om organic and conventional farms. The analysed mat erial included 53 samples, with 31 from organic and 22 from conventio nal farms. The food products had been purchased in loca l shops in kujawsko-pomorskie province. Raw materials also cam e from the same region. Each sample was analysed in 3 replicates. Eight mycotoxins were determined using HPLC-MS/MS m ethod: nivalenol (NIV), deoxynivalenol (DON), 3acetyldeoxynivalenol (3ADON), monoacetoxyscirpenol (MAS), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), T-2 and HT-2 toxin s and zearalenone (ZEN). Sample preparation was made usin g Bond Elut ® Mycotoxin columns (Varian) and internal standards (IS) 13 C-DON, 13 C-T-2, 13 C-HT-2, ZAN. HT-2 toxin and NIV dominated in the an alysed grains and food products (30% and 28% respectively), while 3ADON was not detected in a single sample. Among the 8 analysed mycotoxins it was NIV that dominated and its highest concentration was 85.6 pp b in the raw material from an organic farm. The hig hest number of mycotoxins was found in the grain from a conventional farm, with HT-2 and T-2 toxins prevailing (80% and 70% samples, respectively). Their concentration was also the highe st in this group (13.8 ppb and 23.8 ppb, respective ly). The third highest concentration turned out to be of DON (65.1 ppb). Z EN was most commonly present in food products comin g from conventional farms - 42% samples. The contamination of or ganic and conventional products was comparable. Mea n concentration of the analysed mycotoxins was much lower in food p roducts than in raw material. None of the analysed products contained 3ADON or DAS. Moreover, neither DON was detected in any of the organic products nor MAS in the convent ional ones. No tested sample exceeded the maximum acceptable level s of mycotoxins (Commission Regulation 1881/2006 EC ).
A review paper on Optimization of model for estimating software effort Performance analysis of the software cost estimation methods

In programming designing, assessments are every now and again used to decide expected yet obscure properties of programming improvement measures or the created frameworks, for example, costs, time, number of engineers, endeavors, sizes, and complexities. A lot of assessment models exist, yet it is difficult to analyze and improve them as programming innovations develop rapidly. We recommend a way to deal with assessment model plan and robotized enhancement taking into consideration model correlation and improvement dependent on usually gathered information focuses. Along these lines, the methodology disentangles model enhancement and determination. It adds to an intermingling of existing assessment models to meet contemporary programming innovation rehearses and give a likelihood to choosing the most suitable ones.
FÓSFORO DA BIOMASSA MICROBIANA EM SOLOS SOB DIFERENTES SISTEMAS DE MANEJO

Microbial biomass plays an important role in phosphorus cycling in tropical and subtropical soils. The purpose of this research is to quantify the content of phosphorus stored in the microbial biomass in soils under different tillage and cropping systems. Four long term experiments were then used, involving no-tillage and conventional tillage and different crop rotations, installed in different soils (Heavy clay Rhodic Hapludox, Clay Rhodic Hapludox and fine-loamy Rhodic Paleudult) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil. In 1997, soil samples were collected in both soil tillage systems and different cropping systems in three soil layers. The content of phosphorus stored in the biomass was determined by the fumigation-extraction method. The use of the no-tillage system did not affect the biomass phosphorus content in the Heavy clay Rhodic Hapludox soil, but increased in the Clay Rhodic Hapludox and fine-loamy Rhodic Paleudult soils, as compared to the conventional tillage. Cropping of different annual plants did not affect the microbial phosphorus content. The flux of P through the microbial biomass ranged from 8 to 22 mg dm-3 year-1, and was higher in the no-tillage than in the conventional tillage in the Rhodic Paleudult.
Iraqi Journal for Computers and Informatics

The increase in the amount of data in encrypted databases has caused problems in data processing and retrieval time. In traditional query processing methods, there are many difficulties in execute query over an encrypted database because it is timeconsuming. In this paper, proposes technique for querying encrypted databases records, allows authorized users to execute queries without decrypting all the records of the encrypted database. In this technique, inverted tables include the numbers of 3D box cover locations that were created to enhance and speed up the retrieval time of query and improve an approach of data embedding according to the random 3D box. The proposed method has been examined on the Iraqi voter encrypted Database. The retrieval time in (second, millisecond) has been computed for the traditional method of query processing and proposed technique that using inverted tables. The retrieval time of query executing of proposed techniques without retrieval of all the records of the encrypted database is 10.870 (seconds, millisecond) where the retrieval time of query executing of conventional method that’s retrieval of all the records of the encrypted database is 40.682 (seconds, millisecond). Index Terms 3D Box; Encrypted Database; Inverted table; Query processing; Retrieval Time
REDISTRIBUTION OF HEAVY METALS IN ARID-ZONE SOILS UNDER A WETTING-DRYING CYCLE SOIL MOISTURE REGIME

Bioavailability, toxicity, and mobility of heavy metals in soils are determined by their partitioning between solution and solid-phase and their further redistribution among solid-phase components. The wetting-drying moisture regime is one of the most important factors in controlling the physical, chemical, and biological properties of irrigated soils. Solid-phase redistribution of Cu, Cr, Ni, and Zn, added as soluble salts to two arid-zone soils incubated under a wetting-drying cycle moisture regime, was studied for 1 year. The heavy metals were fractionated into six operationally defined fractions. During the long-term process in the two soils, Cr was transferred from the carbonate fraction (CARB) into the organic matter fraction (OM), and Cu, Ni, and Zn moved from the exchangeable (EXC) and CARB fractions into the reducible oxide (RO), OM, easily reducible oxide (ERO), and residual fractions (RES) with time. The soil moisture regime strongly affects metal redistribution. Compared with a field capacity regime, soils at the wetting-drying cycle and saturated paste regimes had higher metal reactivity, resulting in the more complete movement of metals toward stable fractions, especially in the loessial soil and for Ni, Zn, and Cu.
Ecological responsibility of tourism

As it becomes obvious that ecotourism is a growing market, governments around the world are showing a rising interest in drawing attention to ecotourism as part of their tourism development program. Ecotourism implies conscientious travel in nature while preserving the environment and improving the living standards of the local population and is one of the most dynamic segments of the international travel industry.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR SITUATIONALLY INDUCED IMPAIRMENTS AND DISABILITIES RESEARCH

Mobile devices are our constant companions. We use them in varied contexts and situations, such as outside on a cold street, lying down in a dark bedroom, and commuting to work on a train. These situations challenge our ability to use mobile devices and can negatively influence our interactions with them. For example, we slow down or make more errors when typing, or select a wrong button. These adverse contextual factors have been referred to as situationally induced impairments and disabilities (SIIDs), or sometimes just situational impairments for short. The experience of SIIDs during mobile interaction applies to users of all abilities, as SIIDs adversely affect both non-disabled and disabled user groups [1]. But SIIDs have been shown to exacerbate negative user experiences in mobile interaction for people with disabilities [2]. Thus, by accommodating SIIDs during mobile interaction, we can provide solutions to improve user experience for people with and without disabilities [1]
Conducting thin films of pentacene doped with alkaline metals

Donor doping of thin films of pentacene (PEN) with alkaline metals such as sodium, potassium, and rubidium was carried out. Drastic changes in conductivities of PEN films from an insulator to an n‐type semiconductor due to the doping was observed. Maximum conductivity of 2.8 Ω−1 cm−1 was shown in the film doped with rubidium. Alkaline metal doping of thin films of other acene compounds such as tetracene and hexacene was also performed.
Chitosan–poly(aminopropyl/phenylsilsesquioxane) hybrid nanocomposite membranes for antibacterial and drug delivery applications

We fabricated hybrid (CSSQ) membranes from chitosan and poly(aminopropyl/phenylsilsesquioxane) (PAPSQ) blends via a sol–gel reaction and solution casting followed by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. The CSSQ membranes were then used for loading of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as an anticancer drug as well as templates for the production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The physicochemical properties of the CSSQ membranes were examined using UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM results showed the controllable formation of AgNPs around PAPSQ. CSSQ–Ag nanocomposite membranes exhibited good antibacterial activity towards both Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, while the CSSQ membranes worked as good carriers for controlled release of 5-FU as model drug. The results suggest that both CSSQ and CSSQ–Ag nanocomposite membranes can be potentially applied for biomedical applications such as controlled release carriers as well as antibacterial wound dressing materials. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry Supporting information may be found in the online version of this article.