Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Editorial

The arrival of a new issue of the European Early Childhood Education Research Journal always generates excitement of what challenges it will bring and how this new information and ideas will support or challenge our own academic journeys. In their Editorial to EECERJ in March 2012, Tony Bertram and Chris Pascal characterised the journal as a highly rigorous and scholarly forum for early childhood research, which is multi-professional, multi-sector, multidisciplinary and multi-paradigmatic (Bertram and Pascal 2012, 1). It should certainly be a major ambition of this collective enterprise to empower both practitioners’ and academics’ ways of approaching early childhood practices and solve the problems that go with these practices in a never ending stream of new challenges which by its very nature produces diversity. This issue of EECERJ presents a variety of articles addressing different problems, all relevant to the improvement of early childhood education, both in practice and in theory. Even though the articles together don’t present a complete picture of ECEC (Early Childhood Education and Care), it is possible to read this collection of articles as one specific narrative about problems in the improvement of early childhood education and care in the future. A dominating socio-political demand on early childhood education and care institutions all over the world is their duty to give young children a good start for their current and future life as citizens in diverse cultural communities. A major educational task here is to support young children’s growing command of language, and improve the educational strategies to achieve this. In the article of Mi Song Kim The Multi-literacy Development of a Young Trilingual Child a rich longitudinal case study is presented of the language development of a young girl (from 2to 6-years-old) raised in varying cultural contexts in three different language communities. On the basis of careful observations of her daughter, the author proposes a hypothetical learning trajectory that is open for further testing. The article suggests that young children can learn three languages in a relatively short time, if the languages can be used in meaningful ways for real life communication. In addition to language learning, most societies agree on the necessity to foster mathematical thinking from an early age. Surprisingly, the importance to foster science thinking in young children seems to be less obvious for many kindergarten teachers, as is discussed by Mesut Sacķes, in his article How Often do Early Childhood Teachers Teach Science Concepts? , despite worldwide acknowledgement of the cultural importance of the mastery of science concepts and methods of inquiry for the future society. In his article, Sacķes studies the possible determinants of the frequency of science teaching in kindergarten and the outcomes reveal that it neither relates to the number of years of teaching experience nor to the teachers’ ability to control the curriculum content. The best predictors are the number of science courses the teacher has completed, the availability of science related instructional materials available in the
CALCIUM ENRICHED MIXTURE USED FOR PERMANENT MOLAR PULPOTOMY IN TEETH DIAGNOSED AS IRREVERSIBLE PULPITIS: A CASE SERIES

Aim: To evaluate the clinical and radiographic pulpotomy outcomes in permanent molars diagnosed as irreversible pulpitis using Calcium Enriched Mixture (CEM) as the pulpotomy material. Materials and Methods: Eight patients with 8 permanent molars demonstrating signs and symptoms of symptomatic / asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis were included. For all patients, after rubber dam application, standardized pulpotomy was performed. Sodium hypochlorite 5 % was used to obtain haemostasis. A mixture of CEM was placed in the pulp chamber. Molars were restored with a glass ionomer restoration. After seven days, the glass ionomer restoration was covered by stainless steel crowns. Recall assessment was appointed at 3, 6, 12 months. Results: Patients’ age at the time of treatment was at range from 9.10 to 15 years. Most of the molars (75%) were having symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, with 88% demonstrating symptomatic apical periodontitis. To stop pulpal hemorrhage time range was between 1-12 minutes (mean 4.8 ± 4.5 minutes). The follow-up examination period ranged from 15- 17 months with a mean of 16.6 ± 0.5 months. At the beginning of the study 3 molars that had open apices (38%) all of them showed continued root maturation. Four molars that showed radiographic apical radiolucencies (50%), all lesions healed completely by the end of the follow-up period. One case (13%) showed partial with no complete root canal obliteration. There were neither periradicular bone nor root resorption. Additionally, no evidence of internal root resorption was noticed. Conclusion: Successful outcomes of this case series recommend the use of CEM as a simple, useful and applicable pulpotomy agent in the treatment of permanent molars having irreversible pulpitis. However, more studies are needed to assess this procedure including larger number of patients over longer period of recalls.
Chremyloides tobiasi sp. n. from New Caledonia (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Pambolinae, Chremylini)

Description of the new species Chremyloides tobiasi sp. n. from New Caledonia is provided. This new species is similar to Australian Ch. naumanni Achterberg but differs in the sculpture of head and metasoma, the short first flagellomere, the shape of the first discal cell, and the colour of metasoma.
Control synthesis using modal logic and partial bisimilarity : a treatise supported by computer verified proofs

• A submitted manuscript is the author's version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Bacterial contamination of eggshells in deep litter floor systemsand conventional cages in Jordan

This study was carried out in Jordan with the purpose to investigate the bacterial micro flora of egg shells from cage systems and from deep litter floor systems. Another aim was to get a general impression of the hygiene, at farm level, of egg production in Jordan and the factors affecting it. Eggs from two cage systems and three floor systems were analyzed, regarding bacterial contamination of the egg shells. Egg samples were taken from the storage room, the egg cradle in the cage system and from the nest and floor in the floor system. To get a general impression of the hygiene at the farms, swab tests and air tests were performed. Swab tests were performed with a sterile cotton swab at the same units as the eggs were sampled and air tests were performed by opening petri dishes where the hens were staying. One hundred eggs from the storage room at three of the farms were also candled to examine the frequency of cracked eggs. Because the eggs were already collected from the nest/cradle, this implied that eggs with visible cracks were not included in the cracked eggs frequency. The egg samples were rinsed in a homogenizer bag containing sterile buffered peptone water. From this solution microbial testing was performed, including spreading on agar plates in order to receive quantitative results concerning the presence of Salmonella, coliforms/ E. coli and Campylobacter. The data were analyzed statistically. To get an overview of the factors affecting bacterial contamination at the different farms, questions including housing system and use of antibiotics were asked. The use of antibiotics was not regulated and antibiotics was given in water or feed at most of the farms. The cage system was significantly cleaner than the floor system regarding bacterial total count, Salmonella and E. coli on egg shells. The result regarding cracks is not reliable due to the removal if visible cracks. Regarding the hygienic aspect of egg production in Jordan much can be improved. Antibiotics and disinfectants were used without prescriptions and Salmonella and Campylobacter were found at all farms, either at the egg shell or at the egg cradle/nest. The temerarious use of antibiotics can also result in development of resistant bacteria which is a risk for the public health.
Study on psychological wellbeing between followers of Sri Aurobindo and others

Mental health is the state of well-being and the psychological well-being refers to how people evaluate their lives. The present study was intended to compare psychological wellbeing between followers of Sri Aurobindo and others. Sixty adults volunteered for the study. They were divided into two groups – followers of Sri Aurobindo and others. Their psychological wellbeing was tested with the Mental Health Inventory Questionnaire. All the responses were then converted into scores following the scoring guidelines. T –test was used to compare the result. The level of significance was set at 0.05 level. Apparently there were some mean differences in concerned items and sub scales but these are not significant.
The role of phosphatidylinositol metabolism and actin in polarized biosynthetic traffic

Polarized epithelial cell function relies on the proper sorting and distribution of newly synthesized proteins to either the cells apical or basolateral domains. If trafficking is altered by disruptions either the fidelity or efficiency of this sorting then disease can result. There is an increasing appreciation for the role of phosphatidylinositol metabolism in membrane traffic, including the sorting and delivery of newly synthesized proteins. I have studied how biosynthetic delivery pathways are regulated by the expression of phosphatidylinositol-metabolizing enzymes. The phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-synthesizing enzyme, murine phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase I alpha (PI5KIa) localizes to the apical pole of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and increases cellular PIP2 concentrations over control cell levels. Interestingly, expression of exogenous PI5KIa stimulated the rate of surface delivery of a subset apical proteins that associate with lipid rafts, including influenza hemagglutinin (HA). Conversely, overexpression of the PIP2-5'-phosphatase OCRL (oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe), which is defective or absent in patients with Lowe syndrome, decreased cellular PIP2 levels and inhibited the rate of HA delivery. The observation that increases in PIP2 stimulate apical delivery of HA suggests the possibility that depletion of OCRL may have a similar effect to overexpression of PI5K. I used siRNA to knock down OCRL in MDCK cells and human proximal tubule (HK2) cells and examined the consequence on HA surface delivery. Knockdown of OCRL slightly increased cellular PIP2 levels but did not stimulate HA delivery. PI5K-mediated increases in PIP2 results in activation of neuronal Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) leading to downstream actin cytoskeleton rearrangements including the formation of actin comets. To examine the potential role of N-WASP in HA delivery I expressed a dominant negative inhibitor of N-WASP function, the WA domain from a WASP family member, WAVE1. Expression of the WA domain significantly and selectively inhibited the rate of HA surface delivery. siRNA-mediated knockdown of N-WASP also inhibited HA delivery, confirming a role for N-WASP in biosynthetic traffic. Consistent with this, PI5KIa and HA (but not p75) were visualized on actin comets in formaldehyde-fixed MDCK cells. In summary, my data support a role for PI5K-stimulated actin comet formation in apical delivery of a subset of newly synthesized proteins.
Défenses immunitaires et division du travail chez les fourmis

Chez les insectes sociaux, les defenses immunitaires sont importantes a la fois pour la survie individuelle et pour la protection de la colonie contre les infections parasitaires. Nous avons etudie comment les defenses immunitaires, qui sont un trait couteux, etaient modulees par la division du travail concernant la reproduction ou les autres tâches. En effet, les differentes fonctions assurees par les individus au sein de la colonie peuvent etre associees a des contraintes selectives distinctes et donc faire varier l’investissement immunitaire. Reciproquement, considerer les defenses immunitaires comme un trait d’histoire de vie peut aider a comprendre certains aspects de l’evolution sociale. Les fourmis offrent des modeles interessants pour ces problematiques. Dans un premier temps, nous avons etudie l’impact des conflits reproducteurs dans une espece de fourmi sans reine, Diacamma sp. Nilgiri. Un taux plus faible de travail et une immunosuppression ont ete observes dans les groupes affectes par les conflits, ce qui suggere un cout des conflits reproducteurs. Dans un deuxieme temps, nous avons examine les niveaux de phenoloxydase (PO) et prophenoloxydase (PPO), deux enzymes importantes du systeme immunitaire des insectes, chez les ouvrieres de la fourmi Cataglyphis velox. Nous avons trouve que les fourrageuses presentaient des niveaux plus eleves de PO que les ouvrieres internes. Ceci semble indiquer une elevation du niveau de PO chez les fourrageuses en lien avec le risque eleve de blessures et d’infection a l’exterieur du nid. Enfin, nous avons fait l’hypothese que les ouvrieres inactives, frequemment observees dans les colonies, pourraient investir plus de ressources dans les defenses immunitaires. Nous avons conduit une etude comportementale chez Cataglyphis velox associee a des mesures de defenses immunitaires. Nous n’avons pas mis en evidence de lien entre l’inactivite des ouvrieres et leurs defenses immunitaires mais d’autres parametres immunitaires pourraient etre analyses. L’ensemble de ces travaux suggere que la division du travail pourrait influencer la variation intra-coloniale dans l’immunite et souligne l’importance de prendre en compte les defenses immunitaires dans l’etude des insectes sociaux.
Wood microstructure of ligneous species of Rhamnaceae from India.

GUPTA S & SAXENA V. 2011. Wood microstructure of ligneous species of Rhamnaceae from India. This study dealt with the wood microstructure of the family Rhamnaceae from India. The wood microstructure and salient diagnostic features of 22 species belonging to 8 genera were described. An identification key was developed for the 22 species. Perforated ray cells were reported for the first time in Sageretia brandrethiana, Rhamnus purpurea, Rhamnus ivightii, Zizyphus mauritiana, Z. oenoplia, Z. oxyphylla and Z. xylopyrus. The study revealed a need for reclassification of the family as anatomically the family is quite heterogeneous at the generic level.
Cell individuality in adhesin expression of Candida glabrata

Clonal cell populations are known to exhibit marked phenotypic heterogeneity at the single cell level, a phenomenon usually masked by conventional population-wide analyses. Two models of yeast cell heterogeneity were investigated during this study. First, expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad6 protein, known to facilitate DNA damage tolerance, was investigated. However, apparent bimodal Rad6 expression proved to be an artefact of a mixed-genotype culture source. The other model was adhesin expression heterogeneity in the opportunistic yeast pathogen Candida glabrata. Adherence to the host cell is an important step in the establishment of C. glabrata infection, mediated by adhesin proteins. The subtelomeric EPA family of adhesin genes encodes a large class of GPI-anchored cell wall proteins in C. glabrata, among which Epa1 is the best studied. Epa1 expression is highly heterogeneous between individual C. glabrata cells, a factor that can dictate adherence capacity and may have important implications for infection. Such cell-to-cell variability was dependent upon strain background. Variation in cell surface Epa1 level was correlated with variation in EPA1 mRNA, consistent with transcriptional regulation of heterogeneity. Indeed Sir-dependent silencing was found to be a major driver of heterogeneous Epa1 expression in a strain demonstrating high cell-to-cell variability but not in an alternative genetic background demonstrating lower heterogeneity. Inefficient silencing in the latter strain was overcome by ectopic SIR3 expression, and was not due to differences in EPA1 sequence or distance from the chromosome end compared with the heterogeneous strain. Moreover, strain-to-strain variation in the silencing-dependence of EPA1 expression was observed across a range of clinical isolates and was found to correlate with the extent of Epa1 heterogeneity. Thus, marked variation in adhesin expression exists between cells and between strains of C. glabrata. In addition, the data presented shed light on the regulation of such heterogeneity in particular the role of Sir-dependent transcriptional silencing.
Socio-psychological reactions in the EU to immigration: from regaining ontological security to desecuritisation

ABSTRACT This paper examines the EU and EU member states’ reactions to the 2015 refugee crisis from an ontological security perspective while arguing that these reactions are the product of three socio-psychological lenses, which have led to various responses to the perceived threat. The first reaction, ascribed especially to the Visegrad Four, is the “securitise-the-self” reaction to feelings of anxiety and ontological insecurity and involves reaffirmation of national biographical narratives and national immigration policies at the expense of supranational European policies. The second reaction is illustrated by the European Commission's response to the refugee crisis and involves “managing securitisation. ” Accordingly, the Commission's reaction to ontological insecurity when faced with the challenge of unmanaged migration was to reaffirm the EU's semi-sovereign identity (collective border control competencies) while preserving a global discourse on human rights and refugee-related inclusive norms. The third reaction stemmed from viewing the crisis with the lenses of “empathy” and “desecuritisation” and is best illustrated by Germany's temporary “open door” policy on refugees that was driven by a psychological lack of perceived threat from the “immigrant-other” and a “civilian power” collective identity. The paper argues that recognising these three lenses can help us to understand socio-psychological reactions to immigration in the EU.
Cyclic 3′,5′-Adenosine Monophosphate and N-Acetyl-glucosamine-6-Phosphate as Regulatory Signals in Catabolite Repression of the lac Operon in Escherichia coli

When an Escherichia coli mutant lacking the enzyme N-acetyl-glucosamine-6-phosphate (AcGN6P) deacetylase is grown in a succinate-mineral salts medium and exposed to an exogenous source of N-acetylglucosamine, approximately 20 to 30 pmoles of AcGN6P per μg of cell dry weight will accumulate in these cells. This accumulation occurs within 2 to 4 min after the addition of N-acetylglucosamine and is coincident with the production of a severe permanent catabolite repression of β-galactosidase synthesis. This repression does not occur if adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic phosphate (cyclic AMP) is added to the cells before AcGN6P accumulates. An immediate derepression occurs when cyclic AMP is added to cells that have already accumulated a large AcGN6P pool. These findings are consistent with the view that low-molecular-weight carbohydrate metabolites and cyclic AMP play key roles in the catabolite repression phenomenon, and that metabolites such as AcGN6P may participate in the represion mechanism by influencing either the formation or degradation of cyclic AMP in E. coli.
Pesquisando sobre Transparência: Resultados Preliminares de um Mapeamento Sistemático

This paper explores the use of systematic review in the area of transparency, with a particular emphasis on software related transparency. It lays out the overall steps of a systematic review according to the literature, and presents initial results, of an exploratory nature. One of the results so far, is the discovery of the lack secondary studies, which points out to novelty of this presentation.
Estrogen and Signaling in the Cells of Immune System

Hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis regulation of estrogen, which acts on reproductive tissues, is well established. However, it is also evident that estrogens physiologically act on not only reproductive tissues but also on a broad range of tissues such as immune system. It is well documented that estrogen regulates all facets of the immunoregulation thereby affecting the outcome of autoimmune and inflammatory immune responses. Given the broader role of estrogen in immunobiology, it is important to understand how estrogens act on the cells of the immune system. Estrogens act in estrogen receptor dependent and/or independent manner to affect the regulation of cytokines and chemokines. This review focuses on sources and biosynthesis of estrogens, differential expression of estrogen receptors on the cells of immune system, key signaling pathways and its effect on the induction of key pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Since estrogen has contrasting effects in female-predominant autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we briefly overview the mechanistic role of estrogen on these chronic diseases. Recent evidence suggests that estrogens also alter microRNAs, which regulate a broad range of transcription of genes. The review also addresses this and other newly discovered mechanisms of estrogen-induced immunomodulation in health and disease.
Evaluation of Effects of "Cash for Clunkers"-like programs on car markets and macroeconomic situation

Mr Florian Fiebig decided to analyze effects of German “cash for clunkers” program with the use of the traditional input-output methodology applied on data from the WIOT table. The text is relatively comprehensive and provides an overview of the relevant effects of the financial crisis and of the role of fiscal policy in the portfolio of instruments used to address the crisis (section 2), description of German “Car Scrappage” program (section 3), relatively detailed description of the WIOT and of the methodology used to work with IO data (section 4). Section 5 provides the results: authors calculation of effects of simulated shocks on Germany on other countries as well as comparison of sensitivity to shocks in other sector.
High-resolution imaging of Saturn’s main rings during the Cassini Ring-Grazing Orbits and Grand Finale

In its two-part end-of-mission maneuvers, the Cassini has obtained and (as of this writing) continues to obtain the sharpest and highest-fidelity images ever taken of Saturn’s rings. Among the results we can report so far are 1) radial variations in the degree of visible “clumpiness” in the ring, 2) a particle-size distribution for small “propellers,” yielding insights into the history and dynamics of the ring’s largest particles, 3) close-range flybys of three large “propellers,” obtaining new details of how the unseen moons disturb and interact with the ring in which they are embedded, and 4) expanded data on the size, frequency, and spectral properties of impact ejecta clouds in the rings. We will report on our ongoing analysis of these new images.