Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Language Planning Challenges and Prospects in Native American Communities and Schools

Executive Summary This policy brief addresses the dual challenges facing Native American communities in their language planning and policy (LPP) efforts: maintaining heritage/community languages, and providing culturally responsive and empowering education. Using profiles of heritage-language immersion programs that have enabled Indigenous communities to reclaim their languages and incorporate local cultural knowledge in school curricula, it is clear that " additive " or enrichment approaches are beneficial to students in such communities. These cases are significant because they show heritage-language immersion to be superior to English-only instruction even for students who enter school with limited proficiency in the heritage language. However, heritage-language immersion conflicts with the language policy of the federal No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, which provides no provisions for instruction or assessment in tribal or other non-English languages. Heritage language loss and shift toward English are occurring at an escalating pace in Indigenous communities throughout North America. Of 210 Native languages still spoken in the U.S. and Canada, only 34 (16 percent) are still being acquired as a first language by children. Unlike " world " languages, such as Spanish, Indigenous languages have no external pool of speakers to replace dwindling speech communities; the loss of an Indigenous language is terminal. Because language is the primary medium through which social, communal, and governance relationships are constructed, the loss of a heritage language negatively impacts those relationships as well. Thus, rights to language are fundamental to maintaining distinctive personal and tribal identities, and cannot be decoupled from larger struggles for Indigenous self-determination and cultural survival. In the past, Native languages were viewed as oppositional to the interests of state-controlled schooling; the prohibition of speaking Native languages in schools for Native American students has been a major cause of language shift. Paradoxically, schools today have, in some cases, become allies in LPP efforts to revitalize Indigenous languages. In the bulk of this article, we illustrate these efforts through four " telling " cases. In each case, heritage-language immersion has been employed as a primary strategy to cultivate heritage-language proficiency among youth. The Pueblos of the Southwest and the Blackfeet of Montana illustrate community-based approaches to language revitalization; Native Hawaiian and Navajo immersion represent school-based approaches. These programs have had salutary effects on both language revitalization and academic achievement. In particular, data from school-based heritage-language immersion indicates that children acquire the heritage language as a second language without " cost …
A CAD-oriented synthesis of fuzzy logic circuits

Parmi les fonctions logiques fondamentales, neuf fonctions et les fonctions composites derivees, peuvent etre representees par des additions arithmetiques et des differences bornees. Cette propriete montre que les unites de base pour representer ces fonctions sont l'addition arithmetique et la difference bornee. Sur cette base, on propose des regles qui simplifient la fonction complexe utilisant les proprietes de difference bornee et de somme arithmetique. On decrit une methode qui decrit de maniere automatique le diagramme du circuit a partir de l'expression simplifiee. On en deduit une methode de construction adaptee a la conception et a la fabrication automatique du circuit integre correspondant a une fonction floue
Decision Forests For Computer Vision And Medical Image Analysis

Thank you very much for downloading decision forests for computer vision and medical image analysis. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their favorite readings like this decision forests for computer vision and medical image analysis, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some malicious bugs inside their computer.
Gas‐Phase Thermolysis, 14. On the Isomerization of Dimethyl Carbonate and Its Mono‐, Di‐, and Trithio Analogs

Gas-phase pyrolysis of dimethyl carbonate and its mono-, di-, and trithio analogs has been performed in the temperature range from 1253 to 1404 K applying the gas phase Curie-point pyrolysis technique. Real-time analyses have been carried out by means of mass-spectrometric techniques. The possible isomerizations of the ester functions have been studied by collisional activation mass spectrometry in combination with appropriate D, 18O, and 34S labeling. It is demonstrated that methyl group migrations can be induced pyrolytically in cases where oxygen-to-oxygen or oxygen-to-sulfur isomerizations are involved; in contrast, sulfur-to-oxygen as well as sulfur-to-sulfur isomerizations apparently do not take place.
Language-specific information structure in German and Spanish route directions

espanolEn este articulo se investigan los recursos linguisticos que los hablantes utilizan para producir instrucciones de ruta coherentes y comprensibles. Estos recursos incluyen el manejo del flujo de informacion de una frase a la siguiente, la distribucion de las informaciones sobre los tramos de la ruta y la codificacion linguistica de la informacion para ser organizada como un texto. El objetivo del articulo es demostrar que las diferencias sintacticas entre el espanol y el aleman repercuten en la microestructura de las instrucciones de ruta, de forma que aparecen patrones caracteristicos para cada idioma. Estas diferencias incluyen la subordinacion y la restriccion del cruce de frontera en las lexicalizaciones de eventos de movimiento. Los analisis estan basados en un corpus de 124 instrucciones de ruta recogidas empiricamente. Los resultados consisten en patrones diferentes y caracteristicos para cada idioma que afectan el flujo y el empaquetamiento de la informacion. EnglishThis paper investigates which linguistic resources speakers use to produce understandable and coherent route directions. These resources include how the information flows from one sentence to the next, how the information is mapped onto the topological route and how this information is encoded linguistically in order to be organized into a text. The aim of this paper is to show that syntactical differences between Spanish and German (the marking of subordination and the boundary crossing constraint) have consequences for the way the information is structured in route directions. The analyses are based on a corpus of 124 empirically collected route directions. The results include language-specific differences regarding information flow and information packaging.
Extended x-ray absorption fine structure studies of the atomic structure of nanoparticles in different metallic matrices

It has been appreciated for some time that the novel properties of particles in the size range 1–10 nm are potentially exploitable in a range of applications. In order to ultimately produce commercial devices containing nanosized particles, it is necessary to develop controllable means of incorporating them into macroscopic samples. One way of doing this is to embed the nanoparticles in a matrix of a different material, by co-deposition for example, to form a nanocomposite film. The atomic structure of the embedded particles can be strongly influenced by the matrix. Since some of the key properties of materials, including magnetism, strongly depend on atomic structure, the ability to determine atomic structure in embedded nanoparticles is very important. This review focuses on nanoparticles, in particular magnetic nanoparticles, embedded in different metal matrices. Extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) provides an excellent means of probing atomic structure in nanocomposite materials, and an overview of this technique is given. Its application in probing catalytic metal clusters is described briefly, before giving an account of the use of EXAFS in determining atomic structure in magnetic nanocomposite films. In particular, we focus on cluster-assembled films comprised of Fe and Co nanosized particles embedded in various metal matrices, and show how the crystal structure of the particles can be changed by appropriate choice of the matrix material. The work discussed here demonstrates that combining the results of structural and magnetic measurements, as well as theoretical calculations, can play a significant part in tailoring the properties of new magnetic cluster-assembled materials.
Investigating Patterns of Writing Errors for Different L1 Groups through Error-Coded ESL Learners’ Essays

Automated error detection and feedback systems are becoming an important component of online writing practice services for ESL/EFL (English as a second/foreign language) learners. The main purposes of the study are to: (a) collect samples of essays written by ESL learners with different native language (or L1) backgrounds that are error-coded by an early version of an automated error-detection system (CritiqueTM) and trained human coders; and (b) identify some unique patterns of writing errors for different first language (L1) groups. Data analyzed in this study included 18, 439 TOEFL◯R CBT essays error-coded by CritiqueTM and a much smaller, combined sample of 480 TOEFL◯R CBT/TOEFL iBT◯R essays error-coded by trained human coders. A comparison of error rates across five different language groups showed some unique patterns: (a) the Arabic and Spanish groups were the highest on both spelling and punctuation errors; (b) the Korean and Japanese groups had the highest article error frequency; and (c) the Chinese group had the highest number of errors related to verb conjugations or adjective and noun inflections. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of understanding the nature of L1-related writing errors and enhancing the automated error detection and feedback systems.
Potency of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) pericarp on seminiferous tubules testes streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

The diversity of compounds in mangosteen peel (Garciniamangostana L.) is suspected to have hypoglycemic activity. The objective of this study to analyze the blood glucose level and seminiferous testicular tubules tissue structure of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The experiment animals were twelve male wistar strain white rats (Rattus norvegicus), 2-3 months old, weighing 120-150 g, put into four different groups i.e. (1) negative control treatment (P0), (2) streptozotocin (STZ) induced intraperitoneal as much as 80 mg/kg in 0.1 M buffer citrate with positive control pH 4.5 (P1), (3) 83.3 mg/kg mangosteen pericarp powder (P2), and (4) 0.09 mg/kg glibenclamide (P3) for 36 days. The analysis of the blood glucose levels and seminiferous testicular tubules tissue structure using HE staining, identification with the optilab microscope. The study found that diabetic tubules testes structure experienced degeneration, the spermatogenic cells were not much identified, lumen tubules testes diameter 703,25 μm (P1), spermatogonia cells were identified, the spermatogenesis developed, lumen tubules testes diameter 570,53 μm (P2). The mangosteen solution and glibenclamide could lower the blood glucose level and improve the spermatogenesis of the diabetic rats. The mangosteen pericarp solution did not damage the renal tissue structure, unlike the glibenclamide. It was concluded that the mangosteen solution has the potential as natural anti-diabetic substance.
Research Tri-training SVMS for remote sensing image classification

Tri-training applied in semi-supervised learning can improve the classification precision,but,how to construct two re-dundance data sets is the key for Tri-training.With the analysing on texture property of remote sensor image,the algorithm CTSVMTRS for Tri-training SVMS in remote sensing image based on two data sets that one is from pixel value and another is from calculating texture property is presented.In the experiment,the keeping distinction of tested result from different Tri-training SVMS generated from two kinds of data sets in each cycle proves the algorithm is effective.
Pedagogical Strategies to Facilitate Academic English Writers in Korean University Writing Classes

This study explores native English speaking teachers (hereafter NESTs)’s pedagogical strategies in L2 writing in a Korean university context. Nine NESTs who teach intermediate sophomore writing classes participated. Their writing classes were observed for two consecutive semesters and were videotaped. The study identified four main strategies employed: error correction for sentence-level accuracy, explicit knowledge transmission, thinking aloud strategy with demonstration, and free writing. The most popular pedagogical strategies were providing oral feedback on students’ accurate grammar at the sentence-level, and explicitly articulating what students should consider when organizing paragraphs and writing a thesis statement. Further, NESTs used the structural approach even when there are other available pedagogical strategies. Lastly, the study revealed that the think-aloud technique and free writing technique contributed students to work on fluent writing skill.
Improved Ant Colony Algorithm with Planning of Dynamic Path

In view of the shortcomings of slow rate of convergence and easy to fall into local optimal solution for the traditional ant algorithm,this paper put forward to improve distance heuristic factor to encrease effects on the next node,so as to enhance the global search ability,avoid trap in local optimal solution and improve the rate of convergence.Considering the complexity and diversity of the real environment,this paper introduced multiple path quality constraints to improve the rules of the pheromone update.The simulation results show the improved ant colony algorithm has a good effect in the dynamic path planning.
Machine Learning in Radiation Oncology

: Artificial intelligence (AI) is a computer science that tries to imitate human-like intelligence on machines using computer software and algorithms without direct human stimuli to perform certain tasks. Machine learning (ML) is the subunit of AI that uses data-driven algorithms that learn to emulate human behavior based on a previous example or experience. Deep learning (DL) is an ML technique that utilizes deep neural networks to construct a model. The growth and sharing of data, increased computing power, and developments in ML have initiated a transformation in healthcare. Advances in radiation oncology have generated substantial data that must be integrated with computed tomography (CT) imaging, dosimetry, and other imaging modalities before each fraction. There are many algorithms used in Radiation Oncology. Each of these methods has advantages and limitations and different computing requirements. In this paper, we aimed to review the radiotherapy (RT) process by identifying the specific areas in which the quality and efficiency of ML can be increased and a workflow chart can be created. The RT stage is divided into seven groups as patient assessment, simulation, contouring, planning, quality assessment (QA), treatment application, and patient follow-up. A systematic evaluation of the applicability, limitations and advantages of ML algorithms was performed at each stage.
Behavior aware data placement for improving cache line level locality in cloud computing

Due to the VM contention on shared computing resources, especially shared caches, in datacenters, cloud computing paradigm inevitably brings noticeable performance overhead of VMs to customers. Therefore, taking advantage of both spatial and temporal locality to efficiently excavate cache plays an important role in bridging the performance gap between processor cores and main memory. This paper is motivated by two key observations: (1) the access behavior is highly non-uniform and dynamic at the cache line level; (2) neither current spatial nor temporal cache management schemes can efficiently utilize cache capacity for excessively focusing on inter cache line, ignoring the optimization within cache line. Therefore, we propose a novel adaptive scheme, called BADP, which combines task's behavior to place data for improving locality at the cache line level. In the proposed scheme, a cache line level monitor captures the behavior of individual variables accessing and judiciously places variables together with similar behavior so that preventing the underutilized variables in the cache line occupying the valuable cache. The controller decides on the best placement for all variables. Further, our BADP can cooperate with current state-of-the-art cache management schemes.
Further improvement of some proxy signature schemes

This paper analyzes two public channel proxy signature schemes,we point out that both schemes are insecure;the scheme of 4 can’t resist the change original signer attack.In the scheme of 5,original signer can successfully forge a valid proxy signature scheme.A new public channel signature scheme is proposed.Analysis shows that the proposed scheme satisfies all security properties of the strong proxy signature scheme.
A Finger Vein Identification Method Based on Template Matching

New methods for extracting vein features from finger vein image and generating templates for matching are proposed. In the algorithm for generating templates, we proposed a parameter-templates quality factor (TQF) - to measure the quality of generated templates. So that we can use fewer finger vein samples to generate templates that meet the quality requirement of identification. The recognition accuracy of using proposed methods of finger vein feature extraction and template generation strategy for identification is 97.14%.
7. The study of multilingualism in educational contexts

In this article multilingual education is discussed in connection and comparison with bilingual education. An overview of the various forms of multilingual education and teaching is presented, focusing on the socio- and psycholinguistic aspects of multilingual learning. The question of the ideal onset age in a multilingual classroom is dealt with in more detail. Recent research in the Basque Country provides insight into the complexity of multilingual education. The discussion ends with a plea for a multilingual approach to multilingualism.
Hybridization of Bag-of-Words and Forum Metadata for Web Forum Question Post Detection

Background/Objective:A web forum is a problem-solving online community.Web forum research activitieshave been focused on answer mining with the assumption that the starting post is a question post. This paper proposes methods for mining standard web forum questions. Methods/Statistical Analysis:Popular methods for web forum question post detection are question mark, question words, higher n-grams and sequential pattern mining. These methods have problem of low detection rate and implementation complexity. Implemented in this paper is hybridization of simple bag-of-words model with web forum metadata, simple rule of question mark and question words. Dimensional reduction was performed using chi-square and wrapper techniques. Findings:The quality of web forum question posts varies from excellent to mediocre or even spam. Detecting good question posts is non-trivial. It requires utilization of salient features. Combination of simple rule of question mark and question words with forum metadata performed better than each of the two.Integration of bag-of-words model with simple rule of question marks, question words and forum metadata enhances question post detection. Dimensionality reduction using chi-square were found to perform better than other popular filters like info gain, gain ratio and symmetric uncertain. Applications/Improvements: Three publicly available datasets of varying technical degrees were used for the experiments.The experimental results revealed that an enhanced bag-of-words model can perform better than complex techniques that implement higher N-gram with part-of-speech tagging.
Escalating brink discerning color effigy by coalesce shifts accompanying logical approach

Brink detection is a fundamental step in computer vision that is necessary to point out the true brinks to get the best result for the matching process.various algorithms and techniques are used forbrink detection to understand the fundamental concepts in identifying sharp brinks. Brink discerning is a procedure of finding out significant changes in an image by improving its quality and corresponds to the brinks in the image. Here a sample effigy is taken as a case study and MATLAB software is used for analyzing the case. Here we are suggesting an escalation by coalesce simple shift and logical operations.Here we are convertingRBG effigy into a CMY(K)effigy,then the effigyisgiven as an input to MATLAB which convertsit to a binary image data is then shifted left, right, up and down. Once the shift operations are performed, then logical AND operation is performed betweenshifted and original effigy. Then the results are stored in different variables, XOR operations performed between the results that are stored and then OR operation is performed on all results obtained after XOR operation. This technique is repeated for different values of threshold to get the final resultant constituting of only brink of the input effigy.
Multi-platform MDE Workbench Architecture

A growing expectation from the users of a Model Driven Engineering (MDE) workbench is to have a unified engineering environment that is oblivious of the specificities of the used modelling tools. This issue is key for large industrial organisations such as Thales, where mastered, proven, robust and stable engineering methods and practices cannot easily and safely rely on commercial modelling tools that continuously emerge, evolve and disappear. This paper addresses the multi-platform MDE workbench architecture solution that gives the workbench the ability to be modelling-tool independent, that is to be able to substitute a modelling tool by another at any time. This achievement is presented through a set of lessons learned we have acquired in terms of development cost evaluation, architecture benefits and drawbacks, implementation main difficulties, constraints on the production chain and impacts on the development team. An insight is finally given of what the extension of the multi-platform workbench architecture to other engineering domains can bring for defining and implementing interoperability at engineering disciplines level instead of tool level and obtaining platform independent engineering ecosystems.
An adaptive hyper-heuristic for CHeSC 2011

The present study proposes a new selection hyper-heuristic providing several adaptive features to cope with the requirements of managing different heuristic sets. The approach suggested provides an intelligent way of selecting heuristics, determines effective heuristic pairs and adapts the parameters of certain heuristics online. In addition, an adaptive list-based threshold accepting mechanism was developed. It enables deciding whether to accept the solutions generated by the selected heuristics or not. The details of these mechanisms are presented in the following sections.