Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuronal Cbl Controls Biosynthesis of Insulin-Like Peptides in Drosophila melanogaster

ABSTRACT The Cbl family proteins function as both E3 ubiquitin ligases and adaptor proteins to regulate various cellular signaling events, including the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) pathways. These pathways play essential roles in growth, development, metabolism, and survival. Here we show that in Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila Cbl (dCbl) regulates longevity and carbohydrate metabolism through downregulating the production of Drosophila insulin-like peptides (dILPs) in the brain. We found that dCbl was highly expressed in the brain and knockdown of the expression of dCbl specifically in neurons by RNA interference increased sensitivity to oxidative stress or starvation, decreased carbohydrate levels, and shortened life span. Insulin-producing neuron-specific knockdown of dCbl resulted in similar phenotypes. dCbl deficiency in either the brain or insulin-producing cells upregulated the expression of dilp genes, resulting in elevated activation of the dILP pathway, including phosphorylation of Drosophila Akt and Drosophila extracellular signal-regulated kinase (dERK). Genetic interaction analyses revealed that blocking Drosophila epidermal growth factor receptor (dEGFR)-dERK signaling in pan-neurons or insulin-producing cells by overexpressing a dominant-negative form of dEGFR abolished the effect of dCbl deficiency on the upregulation of dilp genes. Furthermore, knockdown of c-Cbl in INS-1 cells, a rat β-cell line, also increased insulin biosynthesis and glucose-stimulated secretion in an ERK-dependent manner. Collectively, these results suggest that neuronal dCbl regulates life span, stress responses, and metabolism by suppressing dILP production and the EGFR-ERK pathway mediates the dCbl action. Cbl suppression of insulin biosynthesis is evolutionarily conserved, raising the possibility that Cbl may similarly exert its physiological actions through regulating insulin production in β cells.
Fumonisins, mycotoxins produced by fusarium species: biology, chemistry, and significance.

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi that are harmful to both animals and humans. Mycotoxicoses are diseases caused by the ingestion of foods or feeds made toxic by these fungal metabolites. Mycotoxins undoubtedly have presented a hazard to human and animal health for decades, and this threat only can become more important as the demand on the available food supply increases with the increase in population. If the food supply is limited, the mycotoxin hazard increases since more fungus-damaged, potentially mycotoxin-containing foodstuffs are consumed rather than discarded,
Preventive impacts of reliable family maltreatment criteria.

OBJECTIVE The U.S. Air Force recently implemented system-wide changes that both (a) clarified the criteria used to determine when family maltreatment has occurred and (b) made the process by which these decisions are made more consistent. The current study examined the effects of these changes on family maltreatment recidivism. METHOD Official records were obtained from the Air Force Family Advocacy Program. All cases decided during the last year of the old system and the first year of the new system at each base (total N = 14,298) were examined. For each incident, it was determined (a) whether the incident met criteria and (b) whether the same offender committed family maltreatment again within 1 year of the initial incident. RESULTS Overall substantiation rates were significantly lower (p = .003) under the new system (47%) than the old (56%). After the change, significant interaction effects were obtained for both alleged (b = -.51, p = .004) and substantiated (b = -.55, p = .015) reoffense, in that 1-year reoffense rates decreased significantly among initially substantiated cases but remained unchanged among initially unsubstantiated cases. Indeed, rates of substantiated reoffense by substantiated offenders were cut in half (from 14% to 7%). CONCLUSIONS Reductions in overall substantiation rates were most likely due to the use of more stringent criteria. The results of the recidivism analyses suggest that clear criteria and consistent decision processes can have secondary preventive effects on family maltreatment in their own right, possibly due to increases in informal community sanctions.
Constructive set theory

This paper is the third in a series collectively entitled Formal systems of intuitionistic analysis. The first two are [4] and [5] in the bibliography; in them I attempted to codify Brouwer's mathematical practice. In the present paper, which is independent of [4] and [5], I shall do the same for Bishop's book [1]. There is a widespread current impression, due partly to Bishop himself (see [2]) and partly to Goodman and the author (see [3]) that the theory of Gödel functionals, with quantifiers and choice, is the appropriate formalism for [1]. That this is not so is seen as soon as one really tries to formalize the mathematics of [1] in detail. Even so simple a matter as the definition of the partial function 1/x on the nonzero reals is quite a headache, unless one is prepared either to distinguish nonzero reals from reals (a nonzero real being a pair consisting of a real x and an integer n with ∣x∣ > 1/n) or, to take the Dialectica interpretation seriously, by adjoining to the Gödel system an axiom saying that every formula is equivalent to its Dialectica interpretation. (See [1, p. 19], [2, pp. 57–60] respectively for these two methods.) In more advanced mathematics the complexities become intolerable.
Reverse 3,3′,5′-Triiodothyronine (rT3) Enhances Hyperglycemic and Lipemic Effects of Heat-Stress in Chickens

The physiological role of rT is not fully elucidated. Current knowledge supports the idea that blood plasma rT3 increases in the case where it is necessary to decrease basal metabolic rate since rT3 acts hypometabolically in mammals and birds (1. 20,29) and attenuates the hypermetabolic properties of 3,3',5triiodothyronine (T3) (1). Reverse T reduces also the synthesis ofT3 from thyroxine (T4) by reducing the activity of 5'-deiodinase types I and 11(11,14). It is postulated that rT3 plays an antagonistic role to T3 (1). Pittman and Pittman (25) defined rT as antihormone.
Tradeoff between energy consumption and detection capabilities in collaborative cognitive wireless networks

In this paper, we analyze a cognitive wireless scenario, where a primary wireless network (PWN) coexists with a cognitive (or secondary) wireless network (CWN). The PWN uses licensed spectrum and the nodes of the CWN cooperate to detect idle subchannels (not used by the PWN's nodes), possibly taking into account the knowledge of their positions'. On the basis of this scenario, we present a simple, yet effective, framework to analyze the tradeoff between the CWN detection capabilities, i.e., the probability of detecting an unused lincensed subchannel, and the energy consumption needed to detect this subchannel. To this end, we introduce a novel performance indicator, denoted as detection energy efficiency. Our results show that there is an optimal working point, i.e., an optimal number of collaborating CWN nodes that allows to achieve the highest detection energy efficiency.
Structure–activity relationship for human cytochrome P450 substrates and inhibitors

Criteria governing the avidity of substrate binding to human hepatic cytochromes P450 (CYP) associated with Phase 1 metabolism of drugs are described. The results of extensive quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) analyses are reported for substrates of human P450s: CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4, representing the enzymes exhibiting major involvement in the metabolism of drug substrates in Homo sapiens. In particular, it is shown that hydrogen bond properties in each class of enzyme–substrate complex are especially important factors in determining substrate binding affinity towards those human P450s which are involved in drug metabolism.
Distinct Pathways of Antigen Uptake and Intracellular Routing in CD4 and CD8 T Cell Activation

The mechanisms that allow antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to selectively present extracellular antigen to CD8+ effector T cells (cross-presentation) or to CD4+ T helper cells are not fully resolved. We demonstrated that APCs use distinct endocytosis mechanisms to simultaneously introduce soluble antigen into separate intracellular compartments, which were dedicated to presentation to CD8+ or CD4+ T cells. Specifically, the mannose receptor supplied an early endosomal compartment distinct from lysosomes, which was committed to cross-presentation. These findings imply that antigen does not require intracellular diversion to access the cross-presentation pathway, because it can enter the pathway already during endocytosis.
Post-hospitalization transitions: Examining the effects of timing of primary care provider follow-up.

BACKGROUND The transition between the inpatient and outpatient setting is a high-risk period for patients. The presence and role of the primary care provider (PCP) is critical during this transition. This study evaluated characteristics and outcomes of discharged patients lacking timely PCP follow-up, defined as within 4 weeks of discharge. METHODS This prospective cohort enrolled 65 patients admitted to University of Colorado Hospital, an urban 425-bed tertiary care center. We collected patient demographics, diagnosis, payer source and PCP information. Post-discharge phone calls determined PCP follow-up and readmission status. Thirty-day readmission rate and hospital length of stay (LOS) were compared in patients with and without timely PCP follow-up. RESULTS The rate of timely PCP follow-up was 49%. For a patient's same medical condition, the 30-day readmission rate was 12%. Patients lacking timely PCP follow-up were 10 times more likely to be readmitted (odds ratio [OR] = 9.9, P = 0.04): 21% in patients lacking timely PCP follow-up vs. 3% in patients with timely PCP follow-up, P = 0.03. Lack of insurance was associated with lower rates of timely PCP follow-up: 29% vs. 56% (P = 0.06), but did not independently increase readmission rate or LOS (OR = 1.0, P = 0.96). Index hospital LOS was longer in patients lacking timely PCP follow-up: 4.4 days vs. 6.3 days, P = 0.11. CONCLUSIONS Many patients discharged from this large urban academic hospital lacked timely outpatient PCP follow-up resulting in higher rates of readmission and a non-significant trend toward longer hospital LOS. Effective transitioning of care for vulnerable patients may require timely PCP follow-up.
Air-born Satellite Emergent Transmission System based on Civil DVB-RCS Technical Scheme

The return link performance of conventional civil DVB-RCS transmission technology limits its direct application to air-borne satellite video transmission system. This paper studies the novel emergent DVB-RCS return link technique based on introducing adaptive parallel processing to the conventional civil DVB-RCS return link. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed return link transmission technique can achieve better performance compared to that of the conventional civil DVB-RCS return link technique over air-born satellite multipath fading channels.
The Ubiquitin-Specific Protease Subfamily UBP3/UBP4 Is Essential for Pollen Development and Transmission in Arabidopsis1[W][OA]

Deubiquitinating enzymes are essential to the ubiquitin (Ub)/26S proteasome system where they release Ub monomers from the primary translation products of poly-Ub and Ub extension genes, recycle Ubs from polyubiquitinated proteins, and reverse the effects of ubiquitination by releasing bound Ubs from individual targets. The Ub-specific proteases (UBPs) are one large family of deubiquitinating enzymes that bear signature cysteine and histidine motifs. Here, we genetically characterize a UBP subfamily in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) encoded by paralogous UBP3 and UBP4 genes. Whereas homozygous ubp3 and ubp4 single mutants do not display obvious phenotypic abnormalities, double-homozygous mutant individuals could not be created due to a defect in pollen development and/or transmission. This pollen defect was rescued with a transgene encoding wild-type UBP3 or UBP4, but not with a transgene encoding an active-site mutant of UBP3, indicating that deubiquitination activity of UBP3/UBP4 is required. Nuclear DNA staining revealed that ubp3 ubp4 pollen often fail to undergo mitosis II, which generates the two sperm cells needed for double fertilization. Substantial changes in vacuolar morphology were also evident in mutant grains at the time of pollen dehiscence, suggesting defects in vacuole and endomembrane organization. Even though some ubp3 ubp4 pollen could germinate in vitro, they failed to fertilize wild-type ovules even in the absence of competing wild-type pollen. These studies provide additional evidence that the Ub/26S proteasome system is important for male gametogenesis in plants and suggest that deubiquitination of one or more targets by UBP3/UBP4 is critical for the development of functional pollen.
Improvement of radiologists' characterization of mammographic masses by using computer-aided diagnosis: an ROC study.

PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) on radiologists' classification of malignant and benign masses seen on mammograms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The authors previously developed an automated computer program for estimation of the relative malignancy rating of masses. In the present study, the authors conducted observer performance experiments with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) methodology to evaluate the effects of computer estimates on radiologists' confidence ratings. Six radiologists assessed biopsy-proved masses with and without CAD. Two experiments, one with a single view and the other with two views, were conducted. The classification accuracy was quantified by using the area under the ROC curve, Az. RESULTS For the reading of 238 images, the Az value for the computer classifier was 0.92. The radiologists' Az values ranged from 0.79 to 0.92 without CAD and improved to 0.87-0.96 with CAD. For the reading of a subset of 76 paired views, the radiologists' Az values ranged from 0.88 to 0.95 without CAD and improved to 0.93-0.97 with CAD. Improvements in the reading of the two sets of images were statistically significant (P = .022 and .007, respectively). An improved positive predictive value as a function of the false-negative fraction was predicted from the improved ROC curves. CONCLUSION CAD may be useful for assisting radiologists in classification of masses and thereby potentially help reduce unnecessary biopsies.
Static and dynamic measurement and computer simulation of Diabetic mellitus foot biomechanics

The objective of this study was to evaluate static and dynamic results on the foot pressure measurement and computer simulation for diabetes mellitus patients. The finite element analysis was used to compare with pressure foot measurement. The foot and ankle model consisted of 28 bony segments is created from DICOM CT slice from specific patient with diabetes mellitus diagnosis. All material properties are considered as homogeneous, isotropic and linearly elastic. Foot pressure measurement for both static and dynamic condition gave topographic distribution of high pressure points which is in correlation with clinical tests results. The result for maximum pressure measurement of the left foot 124.74 kPa is in good comparison with finite element results for 121 kPa. It looks that numerical simulation in combination with foot pressure measurement device can be efficient and inexpensive screening tool, which could go in direction for prevention of the diabetic foot complications, associated with high mortality and morbidity that has significant economic impact on healthcare system.
Exploring the predictors and the role of trust and concern in the context of data disclosure to governmental institutions

ABSTRACT Recently, the number of online databases and the amount of personal information they store have escalated; the potential uses and misuses of these databases have consequently multiplied, and in Europe, there are now calls for a public rediscussion of their legal status. In this context, this paper uses survey data from a Portuguese sample to investigate some psychosocial processes involved in decision-taking related to the disclosure of personal data to governmental institutions. The study tests (1) what societal-level variables (e.g. Post-Materialistic values and System Justification motives) help predict trust and concern felt towards public institutions; (2) whether these societal-level variables are better predictors of disclosure-related decisions than are socio-demographic aspects and knowledge of the legal framework and (3) the capacity of both societal-level variables and trust and concern for predicting the willingness to disclose personal data and to complain about the misuse of data by governmental institutions. Findings show that trust is a key incentive for the disclosure of personal data to governmental institutions and is linked to a more passive engagement with citizenship. Concern, in turn, being negatively linked to system justification and positively to willingness to complain, seems associated with a more active civic citizenship. Implications of this pattern are discussed.
The Globalization Debate and India

We discuss the pros and cons of the liberalization of international capital flows and international trade in goods and services, with special reference to India. We look at both the theoretical and empirical literature studying the impact of capital flows and trade in goods on real incomes, growth and productivity growth. Both macroand micro-level evidence is surveyed. We also review country-specific analyses, including ones for India, of the additional benefits from greater varieties as a result of trade. Finally, we look at the impact of trade on poverty and on the welfare of workers.
A high-throughput analysis method of microdroplet PCR coupled 1 with fluorescence spectrophotometry 2

22 Here we report a novel microdroplet PCR method combined with fluorescence 23 spectrophotometry (MPFS), which allows for qualitative, quantitative and 24 high-throughput detection of multiple DNA targets. In this study, each pair of primers 25 was labeled with a specific fluorophore. Through microdroplet PCR, a target DNA 26 was amplified and labeled with the same fluorophore. After products purification, the 27 DNA products tagged with different fluorophores could be analyzed qualitatively by 28 the fluorescent intensity determination. The relative fluorensence unit was also 29 measured to construct the standard curve and to achieve quantitative analysis. In a 30 reaction, the co-amplified products with different fluorophores could be 31 simultaneously analyzed to achieve high-throughput detection. We used four kinds of 32 GM maize as a model to confirm this theory. The qualitative results revealed high 33 specificity and sensitivity of 0.5% (w/w). The quantitative results revealed that the 34 limit of detection was 10 3 copies and with good repeatability. Moreover, 35 reproducibility assay were further performed using four foodborne pathogenic 36 bacteria. Consequently, the same qualitative, quantitative and high-throughput results 37 were confirmed as the four GM maize. 38
Potential for growth factor treatment of muscle disease

The recent development of recombinant human growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) has provided the opportunity to study the effects of these growth factors in humans. The majority of studies have been performed in healthy young and older adults. Both GH and IGF-1 have shown very positive effects on muscle protein anabolism. Relatively few side effects have developed. Initial studies have shown a beneficial effect of GH in reversing the catabolic actions of oral prednisone, and GH treatment has led to an increase in muscle mass and protein synthesis in pilot studies of myotonic dystrophy. Combination therapy in normal subjects using both GH and IGF-1 has shown encouraging results. There is a greater enhancement of protein anabolism during combined treatment than there is with either agent alone, and concomitant therapy with GH diminished the side effects of IGF-1. It is now feasible to consider therapeutic trials in patients. Future studies of GH and IGF-1 treatment in patients with primary muscle disease and in patients receiving long-term corticosteroid therapy are needed.
The dual role of the novel Wnt receptor tyrosine kinase, ROR2, in human carcinogenesis

The Wnt signaling pathway is involved in the development and progression of many human cancers, yet attempts to target the pathway therapeutically have been disappointing to date. The recent discovery that the ROR2 receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) is a novel Wnt receptor provides the potential to target the non‐canonical Wnt pathway for cancer treatments. As a member of the RTK superfamily of surface receptors ROR2 appears to possess dual roles as a tumor suppressor or activator depending on tumor type. This review will explore the dual role of ROR2 in tumorigenesis and provide an up to date analysis of current literature in this rapidly expanding field.
Acid phosphatase localization in endocytosed horizontal cell gap junctions

Abstract Gap junction (GJ) endocytosis appears to be part of a cycle of GJ renewal in horizontal cells of the teleost fish retina. At least three stages of GJ endocytosis in these neurons have been identified using conventional electron microscopy (EM): invagination of GJ membranes (GJ blebs); free GJ vesicles; and GJ vesicle fusion with mature lysosomes (Vaughan & Lasater, 1990a). In the present study, EM-level acid phosphatase (AP) histochemistry of white bass retina was used to determine at what stage enzymatic degradation of endocytosed GJs begins. Electron-dense AP reaction product was observed within the trans face of the Golgi apparatus, mature lysosomes, and occasional, internal GJ vesicles. In contrast, GJ blebs, peripheral GJ vesicles, and most internal GJ vesicles lacked AP reaction product. These results support the idea that at least some of the GJ vesicles observed within these retinal neurons arise from endocytosis, are on a degradative pathway, and can be termed GJ “endosomes. ” Furthermore, GJ vesicles appear to be initially free of AP, but some later acquire it (presumably from transport vesicles bearing degradative enzymes). It is still unclear whether our previous report of GJ vesicle fusion with mature lysosomes is a subsequent step in GJ degradation or part of a different degradative pathway altogether.