Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Energy-Efficient Hip Joint Offsets in Humanoid Robot via Taguchi Method and Bio-inspired Analysis

Although previous research has improved the energy efficiency of humanoid robots to increase mobility, no study has considered the offset between hip joints to this end. Here, we optimized the offsets of hip joints in humanoid robots via the Taguchi method to maximize energy efficiency. During optimization, the offsets between hip joints were selected as control factors, and the sum of the root-mean-square power consumption from three actuated hip joints was set as the objective function. We analyzed the power consumption of a humanoid robot model implemented in physics simulation software. As the Taguchi method was originally devised for robust optimization, we selected turning, forward, backward, and sideways walking motions as noise factors. Through two optimization stages, we obtained near-optimal results for the humanoid hip joint offsets. We validated the results by comparing the root-mean-square (RMS) power consumption of the original and optimized humanoid models, finding that the RMS power consumption was reduced by more than 25% in the target motions. We explored the reason for the reduction of power consumption through bio-inspired analysis from human gait mechanics. As the distance between the left and right hip joints in the frontal plane became narrower, the amplitude of the sway motion of the upper body was reduced. We found that the reduced sway motion of the upper body of the optimized joint configuration was effective in improving energy efficiency, similar to the influence of the pathway of the body’s center of gravity (COG) on human walking efficiency.
A Novel Threat-Abatement Framework Confirms an Urgent Need to Limit Habitat Loss and Improve Management of Invasive Species and Inappropriate Fire Regimes for Australia’s Threatened Species

a School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia b Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, USA c School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia d Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences (Burwood campus), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia e NESP Threatened Species Recovery Hub, Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Research, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia; f Fenner School of the Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2602, Australia g NESP Threatened Species Recovery Hub, Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory 0909, Australia h School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Vic. , 3010, Australia i School of Technology, Environments and Design, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania. j CSIRO Land and Water, Box 2583, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia k Corresponding author. Email: stephen.kearney@uq.edu. au
The Electronic Structure and Reactivity of Sulfide Surfaces: Combining Atomic-Scale Observations with Theoretical Calculations

The electronic structure of clean pyrite {100} and covellite {001} surfaces have been investigated in ultra-high vacuum (UHV) for the purpose of understanding the nature of sulfide surface reactivity. Using primarily scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS), the electronic structure at atomic sites on these surfaces was directly probed, and chemical insight into the results was provided by ab-initio calculations. Pyrite is the most abundant sulfide at the earth’s near surface. Its oxidation influences a wide variety of natural and industrial chemical process, but very little is known about the stepwise oxidation reactions involved. For this reason, the first two chapters are directed at understanding the surface electronic structure and fundamental reactivity of pyrite surfaces at the atomic scale. UPS spectra show a characteristic peak at ~ 1 eV forming the top of the valence band for the near surface. Ab-initio calculated densities of states for the bulk crystal suggest that this band is comprised primarily of non-bonding Fe 3d t2g and lesser S 3p and Fe 3d eg states. Ab-initio slab calculations predict that the broken bonding symmetry at the surface displaces a Fe 3dz2 dangling bond state into the bulk band gap. Evidence confirming the presence of this surface state is found in low bias STM imaging and normalized single-point tunneling spectra, which are in remarkable agreement with calculations of the LDOS at surface Fe and S sites. The results predict that due to the dangling bond surface states, Fe sites are energetically favored for redox interaction with electron donors or acceptor species. STM/STS observations of
Compact wideband microstrip‐slotline bandpass filter with sharp selectivity and suppressed spurious harmonic

A novel compact wideband microstrip‐slotline bandpass filter (BPF) with roll‐off cutoff slop and extended upper stopband is proposed, which consists of two cascaded microstrip‐to‐microstrip vertical transitions. Under the influence of interdigital capacitor, a pair of transmission zeros (TZs) at both sides of passband are generated to effectively enhance shirt selectivity, the mechanism of cross‐coupling structure is theoretically interpreted in detail based on equivalent transmission line network. In order to well suppress the upper stopband spurious harmonic, there are additional five TZs are introduced by properly adjusting the electrical length of open‐ended slotline sections and etching a set of spurlines on the feeding lines. For experimental validation, two broadband BPFs with/without spurlines are designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured results demonstrate that the BPF with spurlines have more excellent electric performances compared with the one without spurlines. The return loss ≥17.38 dB, insertion loss ≤0.82 dB with the 3‐dB fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 134.52%, the extended upper stopband is up to 3.86 times center frequency with rejection level better than 20.63 dB, the spurious harmonic is significantly suppressed without increasing additional circuit dimension, the compact effective circuit size is only 0. 95λg*0. 29λg, λg is guided wavelength at center frequency. Finally, the theoretical analysis is well verified by measured and simulated results, excellent agreement between them is achieved.
Identification of Novel Mutations Controlling Cerebral Cortex Malformations Caused by ENU-Induced Mutagenesis in the Mouse

The aim of the study is to identify new gene mutations causing cerebral cortex malformations in mice. Materials and Methods. To identify genes causing cerebral cortex malformations, chemical mutagenesis was carried out using N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea as a mutagen. A total of 141 male C3H mice aged 8 weeks were injected with the mutagen in order to induce mutations in spermatogonial stem cells. After a period of sterility, the animals were used in three-generation backcross scheme. Satb2-LacZ reporter mice were involved in this strategy to label the neurons forming the corpus callosum. Results. The animal phenotype displaying primary microcephaly and 6 mutant lines demonstrating audiogenic epilepsy have been described. The phenotypes of these mutants will be further presented and discussed.
The Relationship of Physical Fitness and Academic Achievement of Urban School Students in Malaysia

Physical fitness is a factor which influences academic achievement. The purpose of this study is to know the relationship of physical fitness towards academic achievements (sciences subject) among the female students in the district of Petaling Jaya, Selangor. This is a descriptive study utilizes a comparative data analysis method. The respondents involved were 357 female students; 177 students were 16 years old and the remaining 180 students were 17 years old. Data was gathered from Standard Kecergasan Fizikal Kebangsaan Untuk Murid Sekolah Malaysia (SEGAK) evaluation, and later was compared to the respondents' year-end Science examination results. The findings show that the respondents' body mass index is in a normal range of physical fitness level (M = 3.74, SD = .795), whereas their Science examinations results were satisfying in the category of credit or grade C (M = 7.04, SD = 2.660). There was a significant relationship between the physical fitness test using the 3-minute step test and the flexibility of performing academically in the Science subject which is r = . 226, p > 0.01 and r = . 159, p < 0.01. The finding shows that their cardiovascular endurance and flexibility have influence on their academic achievements, particularly in the Science subject. The results of this study could be used by teachers and school administrators to improve physical fitness programs at school for the benefits of the students.
Antimicrobial activity of common endodontic materials on Enterococcus faecalis NEWP 0012

The elimination of the microorganisms in its totality, during the endodontic therapy, although desired, is hard to be achieved. Even after the canal filling, the microorganisms are able to be into the dentinal mass and into the periapical region. This essay aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of endodontic materials against to the Enterecoccus faecalis NEWP 0012. The inoculation of this microorganism in the glass plates was done using swabs pressing the cotton against the wall of the pipe. The bacterial suspension was sowed evenly on the sterile surface of the Ágar MH. The plates were incubated by aerobic conditions, in a constant temperature in the range of 35o a 37°c, for 24 hours. The endodontic materials tested were: Sealer 26, Endofill, AH plus, MTA Filapex, calcium hydroxide paste associated to the chlorhexidine, Maxxion R glass ionomer, MTA and MTA HP. After material manipulation, they were impregnated into absorbent paper discs of 5mm o f diameter and distributed sporadically on the plates that contained the microorganism. The experimental data were obtained by the measurement of the inhibition halo in the period of 24h, 72h, 7, 15 and 21 days; thus, the microorganism was classified as resistant or sensible to the different products. From the results, it was possible to verify that the calcium hydroxide paste associated to the chlorhexidine presented superior antimicrobial activity on Enterecoccus faecalis NEWP 0012. It was concluded that the calcium hydroxide paste associated to the chlorhexidine has satisfactory antimicrobial activity against the Enterecoccus faecalis NEWP 0012 in the period between 24h to 21 days. Keywords— Calcium hydroxide, Endodontics,
Survival assessment of Salmonella enterica in inoculated pork salami

Pork salami is an embedded, cured and ripened product commonly consumed in Brazil, and the presence of Salmonella enterica has already been reported in this product. During its preparation, the microbiological safety depends on the meat quality, addition of ingredients with antimicrobial activity, hygiene during processing, pH and water activity (Aw) reduction during maturation. In Brazil, the maturation protocol has not been determined in food regulation; therefore, the objectives of this study were (a) to identify the fermentation and drying phases during salami maturation; (b) to test the survival of S. enterica during salami processing; and (c) to compare xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD) and thin agar layer (TAL) agar for recovering Salmonella. The salami samples were prepared with a cocktail of S. enterica strains, fermented at 30°C and dried at 20°C with controlled relative humidity (RH). Periodic sampling for S. enterica quantification and Aw and pH analyses were performed during maturation, and curves were constructed. Fermentation occurred during the first 66 hours, and the pH decreased while the population of S. enterica increased over the first 21 hours. The drying step was able to reduce the bacterial population by approximately 5 log CFU after 875 hours, reaching an Aw of less than 0.78. However, elimination of S. enterica was not achieved. For Salmonella recovery, TAL agar was more efficient than XLD agar.
Response of extremophile microbiome to a rare rainfall reveals a two-step adaptation mechanism

Microbiomes play a predominant role in the biosphere and, as such, understanding the mechanisms underlying their resistance and resilience is essential to predict the impact of climate change on Earth’s ecosystems. The response of a highly specialized extremophile community from the Atacama Desert to a catastrophic rainfall provided the perfect opportunity to characterize microbial resilience to extreme perturbations. Our multi-year study revealed the contrasting dynamics of the initial response and recovery of this unique community after the rain, which resulted in a transient proteome adjustment and permanent taxonomic rearrangement. The recovered microbiome was comprised of an entirely new set of organisms, despite returning to the pre-rain functional potential. The response dynamics of this community allowed for the inference of a general model, outlining two differing modes of microbiome adaptation.
Chromosome missegregation causes somatic polyploidization in plants

Polyploidy, or genome multiplication, is common in plants and greatly impacts evolution and speciation. It is generally considered that genome duplication in plants mainly arises through sexual reproduction via unreduced gamete fusion. On the contrary, polyploidization in somatic cells occurs in the differentiated tissues; thus, it is not inherited. In this study, we show that chromosome missegregation during somatic cell division frequently induces polyploidization in the moss Physcomitrella patens. We carried out a comprehensive characterization of kinetochore components in moss and found that kinetochore malfunction induces lagging chromosomes, which inhibit the assembly of cytokinetic machinery. The resultant cells were polyploid, proceeded to the next cell cycle, and eventually developed into polyploid plants. We also showed that bi-nucleated Arabidopsis embryos that were generated by artificial inhibition of cytokinesis were able to execute the next round of cell division, suggesting that mitotic errors could potentially lead to inheritable polyploidization in diverse plant species.
THE EFFECTS OF USING ENGLISH LANGUAGE APPLICATIONS IN DIFFERENT BUSINESS

Technology and digitalization is viewed as an integral part of the today’s business world which has revolutionized the business operations. Digitalization has also affected marketing plans usage of social media and different business application is rapidly increasing to connect customers and business organizations. The growing number of foreigners in Thailand which has given rise to use of English language. This study is purposed to examine that how marketing performance of business are affected by different applications characteristic and contacts. The moderation effect of use of English language is also checked in this study. The relationship between these variables is analyzed by gathering responses from 372 foreigner’s through online survey. The structural equation modeling tool was selected to evaluate hypothetical relationship between these constructs. The results found that effective application characteristics and content of these applications enhance business marketing performance and confirmed significance relationship between direct relationship and raveled insignificant indirect relationship of use of English language between applications characteristics and marketing performance. This paper provides useful implications for both literature and practice. It offers informative insights to researchers to expand research work. This study can be utilized by marketers to develop effective marketing plans implementing English language applications.
Prevalence of bla VIM, bla IMP, and bla KPC Genes Among Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) Isolated from Kurdistan and Isfahan Hospitals, Iran

Background: carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) isolated from Kurdistan and Isfahan hospitals. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in Iran using 183 samples from the Besat and Alzahra hospitals in 2017. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion. The modified Hodge test (MHT) was used to investigate the presence of carbapenemase. The
An Approach to the Power System Interdiction Problem Considering Reconfiguration

This paper presents a metaheuristic approach to solve the power system interdiction problem considering reconfiguration. The problem consists on the interaction of two agents: an attacker that aims at causing the greatest damage to the network in terms of load shedding, and the system operator who reacts by re-dispatching available energy resources
Salt stress and mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]: effects, physiological perspective and management practices for alleviating salinity

ABSTRACT Mungbean is an important food grain legume with high economic status. It has an excellent source of dietary protein and nutritional health benefits, particularly for the vegetarians. It increases soil fertility and also plays an imperative role in major cropping systems due to its short life span. Production of mungbean is still decreasing due to its susceptibility towards various environmental stress factors. Salt stress is one of the most prevailing abiotic stress imposing threats for agriculture food crops along with increasing world population and limited natural resources. Fewer efforts have been made to develop an improved variety of mungbean. The present review summarizes the adverse effects of salt stress and mungbean response at the physiological and molecular level. It covers recent studies on introgression of useful traits in mungbean for its better adaptability and survival under stressed conditions. Modern biotechnological approaches and traditional breeding methods may assist the development of salt-tolerant cultivars of mungbean for salinity-affected area in arid and semi-arid regions. Researchers involved in this area should keep this goal on priority for sustainable mungbean production. Availability of protein-rich food may help to reduce the problem of malnutrition in poor families and national food security issue for a continuous rising population.
Parámetros morfométricos del espermatozoide de alpaca (Vicugna pacos), obtenidos por tres métodos de colección

Sperm morphology is essential in evaluating seminal quality and important for fertility prediction in breeding males. The aim of this study was to compare the morphometric parameters of alpaca sperm, collected using three methods of semen extraction, recovery of the vas deferens (DCD), electro ejaculation (EE) and vaginal aspira-tion (VA). The collection was made of 3 animals by each method. The mobility, concentration, vitality, mem-brane functionality and sperm morphometry parameters were determined in a computerized semen analysis kit – ISAS® CASA - Morph. For morphometric parameters, semen samples were processed with a Hemacolor® stain-ing kit and viewed under a phase-contrast microscope. For each sample, at least 200 sperm were captured at random, with an image resolution of 0.08 μm per pixel on the horizontal and vertical axes. The comparison of the morphometric parameters between the collection method and the animal was carried out using a random block design. Total motility was 16.27±11.96%, 14.68±11.21% and 12.44±7.27%; the sperm concentration of 247±186.70x106EPZ/mL, 67.92±67.92x106EPZ/mL and 100.32±56.13x106EPZ/mL, the vitality was 62.86 ±15.92%, 63±15.21% and 70.16±14.33% in sperm collected by DCD, EE and AV respectively. Regarding the morphometric parameters, a length of 5.49±0. 43μm, 5.53±0. 41μm and 5.75±0. 53μm was found, area 14.30±2.00 μm2, 15.05±1.77 μm2 and 15.88±2.00 μm2, perimeter of 16.10±1. 31μm, 17.11±1. 20μm and 17.41 ± 1.43, width of 3.22±0. 27μm, 3.30±0. 32μm and 3.33±0. 25μm and the acrosome percentage of 52.22±7. 82μm, 49.52±7. 47μm and 47.44±5. 77μm in sperm collected by DCD, EE and AV respectively. The morphometric parameters of the size and shape of the sperm head and the intermediate piece showed significant statistical differences (p <0.01) between the collection methods and between the animals. In conclusion, the morphometric parameters of alpaca spermatozoa were influenced by collection method, and show variations between animals.
Bio-efficacy of Different Ready-Mix Insecticides against Thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood Infesting Bt Cotton

Cotton, the king of fibre reside one of the momentous and important cash crop exercising profound influence on economics and social affairs of the world. As per world cotton scenario, commercial cotton is grown in 77 countries and 123 countries are involved in the cotton related activities. The area under cotton cultivation in the world is about 29.22 million hectares with annual production of 105.71 million bales. India was leading in raw cotton production in the world during 2016-17 and production was upto 35.1 million bales of 480 lb from 10.5 million hectares with a productivity of 568 kg/ha. Gujarat, Maharashtra and Telangana reside the major cotton growing states contributing around 70 per cent of the area and 67 per cent of cotton production in India. Gujarat ranks second in area (24.00lakh ha) and first in production (95.00 lakh bales of 170 kg) in the country (Anon., 2017). Almost 148 insect pests have been reported during the whole season of cotton, out of which 17 have been designated as major insect pests of cotton crop (Abbas, 2004). After introduction of Bt cotton, the population of sucking insect pests gradually increased. Among the different sucking insect pests attacking on cotton, owing to climate change thrips, S. dorsalis is one of the major concerned in cotton ecosystem. Four species International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 07 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Genetic variation, multiple paternity, and measures of reproductive success in the critically endangered hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata)

Abstract The Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico contains some of the largest breeding groups of the globally distributed and critically endangered hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata). An improved understanding of the breeding system of this species and how its genetic variation is structured among nesting areas is required before the threats to its survival can be properly evaluated. Here, we genotype 1195 hatchlings and 41 nesting females at 12 microsatellite loci to assess levels of multiple paternity, genetic variation and whether individual levels of homozygosity are associated with reproductive success. Of the 50 clutches analyzed, only 6% have multiple paternity. The distribution of pairwise relatedness among nesting localities (rookeries) was not random with elevated within‐rookery relatedness, and declining relatedness with geographic distance indicating some natal philopatry. Although there was no strong evidence that particular rookeries had lost allelic variation via drift, younger turtles had significantly lower levels of genetic variation than older turtles, suggesting some loss of genetic variation. At present there is no indication that levels of genetic variation are associated with measures of reproductive success such as clutch size, hatching success, and frequency of infertile eggs.