Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dorsal hand vein recognition based on 2D Gabor filters

Abstract Hand vein patterns are among the biometric traits being investigated today for identification purposes, attracting interest from both the research community and industry. A reliable and robust personal verification approach using dorsal hand vein patterns is presented in this paper. This approach needs less computational and memory requirements and has a higher recognition accuracy than similar methods. In our work, a near-infrared charge-coupled device camera is adopted as an input device for capturing dorsal hand vein images, due to its advantages of the low-cost and non-contact imaging. In the proposed approach, two finger-peaks are automatically selected to define the region of interest in the dorsal hand vein images. In order to obtain effective pattern of dorsal hand vein vascular, we proposed an innovative and robust adaptive Gabor filter method to extract the dorsal hand vein patterns and encode the vein features in bit string representation. The bit string representation, called VeinCode, offers speedy template matching and enables more effective template storage and retrieval. The similarity of two VeinCodes is measured by normalised Hamming distance. A total of 6160 dorsal hand vein images were collected from 308 persons to verify the validity of the proposed dorsal hand vein recognition approach. High accuracies (>99%) have been obtained by the proposed method, and the speed of the method (responding time <0·8 s) is rapid enough for real-time recognition. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed approach is feasible and effective for dorsal hand vein recognition.
Fault Analysis of Grid Connected MPPT Based Photovoltaic System

This paper presents the simulation model of a 158kW PV array followed by a boost converter, which boost up the output voltage of the PV array. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) can effectively improve the solar energy conversion efficiency of PV array, in this paper perturb- and – observe (P&amp;O) algorithm has been used to achieve this function. Grid connected PV system needs a three phase inverter for synchronization. The inverter control system modeling has been carried out in Matlab/Simulink 2010 environment with the aids of the proportional-integral controllers, sinusoidal vectored pulse width modulation technique and park transformation. Phase locked loop (PLL) is used to lock the grid frequency and phase. Finally different types of AC faults are created on the grid side and total harmonic distortion (THD) is calculated in each of the case.
Outgassing of quartz

The outgassing of quartz crystal plates was measured with a high resolution mass spectrometer using thermal desorption techniques. As the quartz was heated from 40/spl deg/C to 1200/spl deg/C in a vacuum, the mass spectrometer identified several types of gases. The primary species that appeared were NH/sub 3/, OH, and H/sub 2/O. The bonding sites of the OH and H/sub 2/O are discussed, including the temperature dependence of the desorption peaks which is used to calculate the activation energies of the surface states. Bakeout times and temperatures to insure clean surfaces are calculated. The effect of bakeout conditions on aging is also discussed. The presence of NH/sub 3/ was unexpected, but it is believed that the NH/sub 3/ was due to the sample preparation which included etching the samples in ammonium bifluoride. <<ETX>>
Statistical Techniques-based Characterization of FDIA in Smart Grids Considering Grid Contingencies

False data injection attack (FDIA) is a real threat to smart grids due to its wide range of vulnerabilities and impacts. Designing a proper detection scheme for FDIA is the 1stcritical step in defending the attack in smart grids. In this paper, we investigate two main statistical techniques-based approaches in this regard. The first is based on the principal component analysis (PCA), and the second is based on the canonical correlation analysis (CCA). The test cases illustrate a better characterization performance of FDIA using CCA compared to the PCA. Further, CCA provides a better differentiation of FDIA from normal grid contingencies. On the other hand, PCA provides a significantly reduced false alarm rate.
A 32×32 Pixel 0.46-to-0.75THz Light-Field Camera SoC in 0.13μ m CMOS

Light-field (LF) refers to the spatio-directional light flow in space. In LF imaging, light rays are recorded along different positions and directions, and a 3-D scene is reconstructed with back-propagation [1]. Modern visible-light LF cameras assemble a lens array atop a megapixel (Mpx) count focal-plane array (FPA), such that each lens (macro-pixel) provides spatial sampling while the FPA pixels within a lens (sub-pixels) provide angular sampling [2]. Likewise, THz LF cameras can allow real-time 3D see-through imaging for inspection and screening applications [3]. Unfortunately, THz Mpx FPAs are infeasible as a large THz pixel area (>10× visible-light pixel) would require wafer-scale FPA fabrication, leading to impractical costs and process variations. Multi-chip packaging is an alternative for scaling the THz FPA pixel count, but it requires compact THz camera ICs with serial data interfaces (small pin count) to allow dense integration.
Passive and Active Verification of Serial-Fed Patch Antenna Array for 77 GHz Automotive Corner Radar

To verify the simulation results of a 77 GHz serial-fed patch antenna array for a serious automotive corner radar product, both passive and active measurements have been extensively performed. The E- and H-plane radiation patterns of the designed 77 GHz antenna array were characterized each in passive and active way, then compared with simulated radiation pattern. Literally, this is the first time to compare both the passive and active verifications to the simulation results. Good agreements between simulation and both verification methods can be clearly observed. The field of view (FoV) measurement results have been extracted using corner reflectors with different radar cross section (RCS) values (0 dBsm, 5 dBsm, 10 dBsm, and 15 dBsm). The FoV diagrams show a satisfied coverage according to corner radar requirements for automotive applications.
An Air-filled Cavity-backed Circularly Polarized Antenna based on Multilayered dielectric substrate

An air-filled cavity-backed four-slot antenna for circular polarization is proposed in this paper. To reduce the resonant frequency, the n-shaped slot is utilized. The phase difference of 90 degree is achieved by controlling the length of the transmission line in the feeding network, and the air cavity is formed by hollowing the substrates. The simulated 10-dB frequency bandwidth is 17.62-18.61 GHz and the resonant frequency is 18.04 GHz. The antenna operates at right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) and the maximum antenna gain is 9.6 dBi at 18.3 GHz.
Next Generation X-in-the-Loop Validation Methodology for Automated Vehicle Systems

Testing self-driving vehicles is still a new and immature process; the globally harmonised procedure expected much later. The resource-demanding nature of real-world tests makes it indispensable to develop and improve the efficiency of virtual environment based testing methods. Accordingly, a novel X-in-the-Loop framework is proposed to fully exploit the recent advances in info-communication technologies, vehicle automation, and testing and validation requirements. This methodology real-time connects physical and virtual testing with high correlation while completely blurs the sharp boundaries between them. Measurement results confirm the superior performance of the 5G communication link in providing a stable, real-time connection between the real world and its virtual representation. The live demonstration proved the presented concept at the newly constructed Hungarian proving ground for automated driving. The performed investigation also includes comprehensive benchmarking, focusing on the most up-to-date automotive testing frameworks. The analysis considers the methodologies and techniques applied by the most relevant actors in the automotive testing sector worldwide. Accordingly, the newly developed testing framework is evaluated and validated in light of the state-of-the-art methods used by the automotive industry.
Virtual Oscillator Control of Distributed Power Filters for Selective Ripple Attenuation in DC Systems

In this article, a decentralized controller, based on the current mode virtual oscillator, is proposed to control the distributed power filters in dc systems. This communication-free solution only requires local dc bus voltage measurements as its control input. With the proposed control algorithm, the power filters can automatically share the target ripples based on their storage capacities, realizing modular and fault tolerant design. One typical application is that they can be placed on the dc subgrid of a hybrid ac/dc microgrid to attenuate the second-order harmonics from ac side. A frequency adaption mechanism is further embedded within the controller; hence, it can process any ripples at an unknown frequency for more general applications. To eliminate the circulating current caused by the power line dynamics, virtual impedance is employed to modify the feedback voltage measurement of the virtual oscillator. The proposed control algorithm has been verified by both simulation and down-scaled experiments.
Testing Microservices Architecture-Based Applications: A Systematic Mapping Study

Microservices is an architectural style that provides several benefits to develop applications as small, independent, and modular services. Building Microservices Architecture (MSA)-based applications is immensely supported by using software testing fundamentals. With the increasing interest in the development of MSA-based applications, it is important to systematically identify, analyze, and classify the publication trends, research themes, approaches, tools, and challenges in the context of testing MSA-based applications. The search yielded 2,481 articles, and 33 articles were finally selected as the primary studies with snowballing. The key findings are that (i) 5 research themes characterize testing approaches in MSA-based applications; (ii) integration and unit testing are the most popular testing approaches; and (iii) addressing the challenges in automated and inter-communication testing is gaining the interest of the community. Additionally, it emerges that there is a lack of dedicated tools to support testing for MSA-based applications, and the reasons and solutions behind the challenges in testing MSA-based applications need to be further explored.
Adiabatic slot-to-strip waveguide mode converters based on self-imaging effect of MMI structures

We present an efficient slot-to-strip mode converter utilizing adiabatic multimode interference (MMI) structures. In different self-imaging positions, polarization insensitivity (polarization-dependent loss < −20 dB) and TE1 mode suppression (transmission~-11.9 dB) have been achieved. © 2020 The Author(s)
K-Space Analysis of Aliasing in Millimeter-Wave Imaging Systems

This article focuses on analyzing the aliasing artifact in millimeter-wave imaging systems, with a special focus on multistatic arrays. The current framework to analyze the behavior of multistatic structures is based on the effective aperture concept. Based on this framework, an equivalent monostatic array, approximating the position of each transmitter–receiver pair by its midpoint, is used to quantify the response and efficiency of the system. Although this framework helps to simplify the study of the complex characteristics of multistatic arrays, it suffers from vital deficiencies. Especially, it fails to describe the aliasing artifacts, seen in the image of some sparse multistatic configurations, where the study of their equivalent monostatic arrays proves that the Nyquist sampling rate is satisfied. In order to explain such behaviors, we propose a k-space-based framework to evaluate multistatic imaging systems. This framework not only explains the reason behind the aliasing artifacts but also estimates the locations where the aliasing happens. Moreover, this analysis can be beneficial to design multistatic configurations with reduced aliasing artifacts. The provided simulations and the experimental results prove the accuracy of the proposed framework that can effectively estimate the occurrence and the place of aliasing artifacts.
Design Approach of N-Way Wilkinson Power Divider with Complex Isolation Units

A compact modified N-way Wilkinson power divider with complex isolation units is presented in this paper, where the complex isolation units are bridged between output ports. Through analyzing the equivalent circuit, the design equations of the proposed N-way power divider are summarized in detail. Several design examples are also given and compared. Finally, a three-way power divider ($N=31$) is fabricated for proving the proposed theory, and the measured results meet the simulation results very well.
Dual-frequency tunable optoelectronic oscillator

A dual-frequency tunable optoelectronic oscillator based on the nonlinear effect of an amplifier is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In the experiment, a dual-frequency signal with tuning ranges of 6.68-10.6 GHz and 20.04-31.9 GHz is generated. © 2020 The Author(s)
Energy and exergy‐based working fluid selection for organic Rankine cycle recovering waste heat from high temperature solid oxide fuel cell and gas turbine hybrid systems

This paper performed a comparative analysis of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) using different working fluids, in order to recover waste heat from a solid oxide fuel cell‐gas turbine hybrid power cycle. Depending on operating parameters, criteria for the choice of the working fluid were identified. Results reveal that due to a significant temperature glide of the exhaust gas, the actual ORC cycle thermal efficiency strongly depends on the turbine inlet temperature, exhaust gas temperature, and fluid's critical point temperature. When exhaust gas temperature varies in the range of 500 K to 600 K, R123 is preferred among the nine dry typical organic fluids because of the highest and most stabilized mean thermal efficiency under wide operating conditions and its reasonable condensing pressure and turbine outlet specific volume, which in turn results in a feasible ORC cycle for practical concerns. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of Wideband Filtering Power Divider with Compact Size and High Isolation

A compact wideband filtering power divider (FPD) with high isolation is designed based on a microstrip line (MSL) and coplanar waveguide (CPW) hybrid structure. By virtue of the broadside coupling, a three-port filtering network is wisely constructed with three parallel microstrip feeding lines and one CPW quarter-wavelength resonator. Then, to achieve the port-to-port isolation, a lumped resistor is loaded between the two ends of the output feeding lines. To explain the working principles of filtering and isolation, the even-/odd-mode analysis method is adopted. For demonstration, a prototype of wideband FPD operating at 2 GHz with a 3-dB fractional bandwidth of 100% is designed, fabricated and tested. Final circuit dimension is only 0.2 9λgXO. 07λg, where λg is the guided wavelength at the center frequency. Measured results indicate that the proposed wideband FPD has achieved 18-dB return loss and 21-dB in-band isolation.
A 7nm 5G Mobile SoC Featuring a 3.0GHz Tri-Gear Application Processor Subsystem

This paper describes a new CPU subsystem featured in a 5G mobile SoC. The High-Performance (HP) core achieves a 3GHz clock frequency with full production yield across the fabrication range and operating environment. In contrast to previously published work [1], a third, balanced-performance (BP), gear is introduced which features a power-optimized implementation of the high-performance (HP) core. Physical implementation differences of the BP and HP cores are illustrated, while circuit techniques developed to enable full-yield 3GHz operation are detailed. A die photograph alongside a more detailed HP core CAD drawing are shown in Fig. 4.1. 7 and the cluster topology, including architectural features, is summarized in Fig. 4.1. 1.
Range-Focused Fusion of Camera-IMU-UWB for Accurate and Drift-Reduced Localization

In this work, we present a tightly-coupled fusion scheme of a monocular camera, a 6-DoF IMU, and a single unknown Ultra-wideband (UWB) anchor to achieve accurate and drift-reduced localization. Specifically, this letter focuses on incorporating the UWB sensor into an existing state-of-the-art visual-inertial system. Previous works toward this goal use a single nearest UWB range data to update robot positions in the sliding window (“position-focused”) and have demonstrated encouraging results. However, these approaches ignore 1) the time-offset between UWB and camera sensors, and 2) all other ranges between two consecutive keyframes. Our approach shifts the perspective to the UWB measurements (“range-focused”) by leveraging the propagated information readily available from the visual-inertial odometry pipeline. This allows the UWB data to be used in a more effective manner: the time-offset of each range data is addressed and all available measurements can be utilized. Experimental results show that the proposed method consistently outperforms previous methods in both estimating the anchor position and reducing the drift in long-term trajectories.
Empirical Evaluation of Attacks Against IEEE 802.11 Enterprise Networks: The AWID3 Dataset

This work serves two key objectives. First, it markedly supplements and extends the well-known AWID corpus by capturing and studying traces of a wide variety of attacks hurled in the IEEE 802.1X Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) environment. Second, given that all the 802.11-oriented attacks have been carried out when the defenses introduced by Protected Management Frames (PMF) were operative, it offers the first to our knowledge full-fledged empirical study regarding the robustness of the IEEE 802.11w amendment, which is mandatory for WPA3 certified devices. Under both the aforementioned settings, the dataset, and study at hand are novel and are anticipated to be of significant aid towards designing and evaluating intrusion detection systems. Moreover, in an effort to deliver a well-rounded dataset of greater lifespan, and under the prism of an attacker escalating their assault from the wireless MAC layer to higher ones, we have additionally included several assaults that are common to IEEE 802.3 networks. Since the corpus is publicly offered in the form of raw cleartext pcap files, future research can straightforwardly exploit any subset of features, depending on the particular application scenario.
Optimization on Dry-Etching Process for High-Density STT-MRAM

STT-MRAM (Spin-Transfer-Torque Magnetic Random-Access-Memory) with high-density is considered as one of the most promising storage candidates with potential applications. Considering the fabrication process of STT-MRAM, the patterning process has an obvious influence on the density and the quality of the storage cells. In the paper, optimization on the plasma etching process is conducted for the improvement of the pattern density. By the adjustment of the process and the introduction of the amorphous carbon as the sacrificial hard mask, the density of the patterned cells is improved, in which the bottom electrode spacing is optimized. In this way, the etching process is suitable for higher density STT-MRAM integration, while providing an practical approach for the high-density MTJ arrays. The simulation results demonstrate that the density of STT-MRAM can be improved by the proposed etching process. The optimization would be useful for future high-density STT-MRAM fabrication.
The M-DUCG Methodology to Calculate the Joint Probability Distribution of Directed Cycle Graph With Local Data and Domain Causal Knowledge

Modeling a complex system with a large number of variables at one time and collecting global data on a large scale is usually not practical. It is ideal to model the global system according to only local data and structures, and then synthesize them together. Multiple local structures can be easily synthesized as a global structure through fusing same nodes, while multiple sets of local data cannot be combined as the global data. Therefore, we need a method to obtain the joint probability distribution (JPD) of the global system by utilizing local data only. When the global structure synthesized does not include directed cyclic graph (DCG), it is easy to calculate the JPD with Bayesian network (BN). When DCGs are included, BN does not work. This paper presents the multi-valued Dynamic Uncertain Causality Graph (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-DUCG) methodology to calculate the global JPD in the case of DCGs with only local data. The idea is to use multiple sets of local data to learn the parameters of the synthesized <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-DUCG structure with DCGs, and then use these parameters to calculate the global JPD.
Assessment of Spatio-Temporal Parameters of Human Gait Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor-Based Devices

Gait analysis is vital from the view of its established capacity as an indicator for neuromuscular disorders. Gait analysis is carried out in order to provide a quantified assessment of human movement which may aid orthopaedic and podiatric fraternity to suggest suitable therapeutic treatment. The proposed study comprises of two wearable non-invasive devices realized using FBG sensors i.e. Knee Angle Measurement Device (KAMD) for dynamic knee angle measurement and Forefoot Load Measurement Device (FLMD) for dynamic measurement of load on the forefoot. In the present study, the assessment of locomotion is illustrated and analyzed utilizing the developed devices without any time synchronization complexity. During locomotion, the swing and the stance phase is analyzed with respect to both knee joint angle and forefoot load which further reveals the complementary nature between them. In addition, FLMD can also be utilized for the evaluation of single and double limb support phases during locomotion. Furthermore, the novel cantilever approach utilized in the FLMD design ensures to acquire the load imparted specifically over the forefoot region which facilitates FLMD to be employed for assessment of other locomotory actions such as landing phase analysis during leaps, climbing stairs, treadmill tests etc. Also, the cantilever approach helps minimize the hysteresis effects on the device.
Probing Packet Retransmission Scheme in Underwater Optical Wireless Communication With Energy Harvesting

Underwater Optical Wireless Communication (UOWC) is an up-and-coming technology to support the perception layer of the Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT). However, UOWC channel behaviors can lead to a reduction of IoUT network reliability, while UOWC sensor nodes usually face with the issue of energy limitation. In this paper, we propose a retransmission scheme, which utilizes probing packets and energy harvesting mechanism to solve these issues. The scheme could provide more reliable transmission and energy efficiency for UOWC-based IoUT networks. To investigate the performance of the proposed scheme, we provide an analytical framework based on a two-dimensional Markov chain model. The Monte-Carlo simulation is used to validate the correctness of our analysis. From numerical results, we highlight the advantages of our scheme in comparison with the conventional one. We also determine appropriate values of network parameters to optimize the network performance.