Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High efficiency digital polar transmitter for cellular handsets

In this paper, the architecture of a digital polar transmitter system for cellular multi-mode handset is presented with hardware implementation emphasis on 2/2.5G systems (GSM/EDGE). The most prominent feature of this architecture is it's ability to employ a highly nonlinear PA, this highly efficient. This is accomplished via our novel real-time nonlinear closed-loop predictive calibration for correcting the PA's nonlinearity. In addition, our architecture makes it possible to eliminate or minimize the need for extensive factory calibration since our predictive realtime auto-calibration scheme does not require much prior knowledge of the system characteristics.
Genomic Structure of the Human UDP-GlcNAc:dolichol-P GlcNAc-1-P Transferase Gene

The UDP-GlcNAc:dolichol-P GlcNAc-1-P transferase catalyzes the first and committed step in the dolichol cycle, thus playing a fundamental role in the pathway for protein N -glycosylation. The structure of the GlcNAc-1-P transferase gene has been previously elucidated in mouse and hamster. Moreover, the human cDNA has been cloned. Using sequence database tools, we deduced the genomic structure of the human GlcNAc-1-P transferase gene, which was experimentally confirmed by sequence analysis. The gene is composed of 9 exons and spans 5.5 kb. All splice acceptor and donor sites conform to the canonical AG/GT rule. The 5'-end of the gene is different from previously reported, as, consequently, the N-terminal of the encoded protein, which is predicted to be 408 amino acids long. The transcription start site, determined by 5' RACE, occurs 180 nucleotides upstream of the translation initiation codon. Several potential transcription regulatory motifs, such as Sp-1, E4TF1 and ATF binding sites, were identified in the 5'-flanking region. A polyadenylation signal is located 466 bp downstream of the stop codon. The genomic organization of the gene is similar to that of the corresponding mouse and hamster genes, though extensive homology is restricted to the coding regions. Analysis of a panel of radiation hybrids led to the assignment of the GlcNAc-1-P transferase gene to chromosome 11, at 4.19 cR from NIB361, according to the location of the homologous sequences in the database at 11q23.
FAMA Is an Essential Component for the Differentiation of Two Distinct Cell Types, Myrosin Cells and Guard Cells, in Arabidopsis[W]

This work shows that the guard cell master regulator FAMA has a role in idioblast myrosin cell differentiation in Arabidopsis. Brassicales plants evolved a common regulatory pathway for specification of two distinct types of leaf cells: epidermal guard cells for gas exchange and myrosin cells in leaf inner tissue for defense. Brassicales plants, including Arabidopsis thaliana, have an ingenious two-compartment defense system, which sequesters myrosinase from the substrate glucosinolate and produces a toxic compound when cells are damaged by herbivores. Myrosinase is stored in vacuoles of idioblast myrosin cells. The molecular mechanism that regulates myrosin cell development remains elusive. Here, we identify the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor FAMA as an essential component for myrosin cell development along Arabidopsis leaf veins. FAMA is known as a regulator of stomatal development. We detected FAMA expression in myrosin cell precursors in leaf primordia in addition to stomatal lineage cells. FAMA deficiency caused defects in myrosin cell development and in the biosynthesis of myrosinases THIOGLUCOSIDE GLUCOHYDROLASE1 (TGG1) and TGG2. Conversely, ectopic FAMA expression conferred myrosin cell characteristics to hypocotyl and root cells, both of which normally lack myrosin cells. The FAMA interactors ICE1/SCREAM and its closest paralog SCREAM2/ICE2 were essential for myrosin cell development. DNA microarray analysis identified 32 candidate genes involved in myrosin cell development under the control of FAMA. This study provides a common regulatory pathway that determines two distinct cell types in leaves: epidermal guard cells and inner-tissue myrosin cells.
A study on lower limb's joint synergy in human locomotion with physical constraints on the knee

This article deals with the mode analysis of the kinematic structure of human locomotion. We investigated human locomotion using singular value decomposition. From motion-captured data of human locomotion, we extracted common basic movements and residual modes, and analyzed the kinematical structures. The results show the joint synergy that is derived by the residual modes (expresses strong dependencies on walking condition, and causes gait transitions according to walking speed.
Smart cloud-assisted computation offloading system: A dynamic approach for energy optimization

Recently, computation offloading has become one of the common and efficient ways to minimize the energy expenditure. Considering the aspects of mobile-cloud communication, energy optimization is from the necessities of this offloading. Moreover, the variable and mobile states of mobile devices environments have a significance on this communication. In this article, we are going to suggest an adaptable approach for computation offloading by appropriate choosing from the free resources of the neighboring devices with a smart and automatic way. Here, the significance is that the most appropriate resources close by will be chosen conditioning the estimation that other devices around will not complete the computation successfully. Thus, other devices are served as a mean for setting a connection to the cloud and offloading the computation on it. In this approach, we have an application of MapReduce programming model and algorithm of Lyapunov to optimize the expenditure of energy by considering a time limitation for the whole process of computation. Ultimately, the simulations show that in our suggested approach the expenditure of energy has been significantly optimized despite the state of variety and dynamicity in the features and environments of devices.
Depression of mechanical performance by active shortening during twitch and tetanus of vertebrate muscle fibres.

Shortening during activity of frog single muscle fibres caused a graded depression of the contractile force that persisted for 800-900 ms during a partially fused or completely fused tetanus. The depression of force was not associated with a change of the shortening velocity at zero load. Passive shortening performed just before stimulation had no effect on the subsequent course of contraction. The decrease in isometric force produced by shortening was not significantly affected by a stretch applied immediately before or after the shortening was not significantly affected by a stretch applied immediately before or after the shortening phase. For a given amount of shortening the depressant effect during a fused tetanus was 8-28% of that produced during a twitch. The effect was substantially reduced, both during twitch and tetanus, in the presence of 0.5 mM caffeine. The length dependence of the movement effect was studied between 1.7 and 2.9 micrometer sarcomere spacing. Maximum depression of force (in per cent of the control at each length) was obtained at 2.1-2.2 micrometer sarcomere length, the effect being steadily reduced at shorter and more extended lengths. The Q10 of the depressant effect was 0.95 +/- 0.16 (S.D.). The features of the movement effect are consistent with a true deactivation of the contractile system as would occur if shortening reduced the binding of activator calcium to the regulatory proteins of the myofilaments.
Antimicrobial prescribing practice in UK equine veterinary practice.

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Antimicrobial use is known to select for the emergence of resistant strains of bacteria; therefore prudent use in both human and veterinary medicine is essential to preserve their efficacy. OBJECTIVES To characterise antimicrobial prescribing patterns in UK equine practice and evaluate factors associated with prescribing. METHODS A postal questionnaire including 4 clinical scenarios was sent to 740 veterinary surgeons that treat horses. Data were collected on the clinician, their practice and sources of information regarding antimicrobials and their use. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to ascertain factors associated with 5 outcomes; prescribing off-licence drugs; prescribing at incorrect doses; prescribing 3rd or 4th generation cephalosporins; prescribing fluoroquinolones and prescribing potentiated sulphonamides. RESULTS Questionnaires were completed by 38% of veterinary surgeons who were sent questionnaires. Less than 1% of practices had antimicrobial use guidelines. Trimethoprim-sulphonamides were most commonly prescribed in each clinical scenario. Eleven percent of prescriptions were for antimicrobial drugs not licensed for use in horses in the UK. Five percent of prescriptions for licensed antimicrobials were under the recommended dose rate and 56% over the recommended dose rate. Fluoroquinolones and 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins accounted for 1 and 3% of prescriptions, respectively. Veterinary surgeons working at referral practices were more likely to prescribe 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones and off-licence antimicrobials whereas those working in first-opinion practices were more likely to prescribe potentiated sulphonamides. Sources of information regarding antimicrobials also had an effect on prescribing. CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Prescription of antimicrobials at inappropriate doses was common even when provided with the weight of the animal. It is uncommon for UK equine veterinary practices to have guidelines for antimicrobial use. The introduction of such guidelines could lead to more prudent use of antimicrobials.
Effectiveness of mood stabilizers and antipsychotics in the maintenance phase of bipolar disorder: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is a leading cause of disability. Systematic reviews of randomized trials for the treatment of the maintenance phase of BD are lacking. OBJECTIVES To determine the efficacy and tolerability of mood stabilizers and antipsychotics in the maintenance treatment of BD. METHODS We systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials of licensed medications for the treatment of any phase of BD. We included randomized controlled trials comparing a medication to placebo or another medication. Comprehensive searches of electronic databases were conducted to March 2005. Outcomes investigated were relapse due to mania, depression or any mood episode, and withdrawal due to any reason or due to an adverse event. Data were combined through meta-analysis. RESULTS Fourteen studies (n = 2,526) met the inclusion criteria. Lithium, lamotrigine, olanzapine and valproate semisodium each demonstrated evidence to support long-term use. Compared with placebo, all medications were more effective at preventing relapse because of any mood episode. Hazard ratios (HR) were 0.68 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.53-0.86] for lithium, 0.68 (95% CI = 0.55-0.85) for lamotrigine, and 0.82 (95% CI = 0.57-1.20) for valproate semisodium; for olanzapine, the risk ratio (RR) was 0.58 (95% CI = 0.49-0.69). Lithium and olanzapine significantly reduced manic relapses (HR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.35-0.79 and RR = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.24-0.57, respectively). Lamotrigine and valproate semisodium significantly reduced depressive relapses (HR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.46-0.91 and RR = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.20-0.82, respectively). Lithium significantly reduced manic relapses compared with lamotrigine (HR = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.34-0.92) and olanzapine significantly reduced manic relapses compared with lithium (RR = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.12-2.55). Withdrawal due to an adverse event was approximately twice as likely with lithium compared with valproate semisodium (RR = 1.81; 95% CI = 1.08-3.03) and lamotrigine (RR = 2.20; 95% CI = 1.31-3.70). There were few data for carbamazepine or medications given as adjunct therapy. CONCLUSIONS Mood stabilizers have differing profiles of efficacy and tolerability, suggesting complementary roles in long-term maintenance treatment.
Can urban coffee consumption help predict US inflation?

Motivated by the importance of coffee to Americans and the significance of the coffee subsector to the US economy, we pursue three notable innovations. First, we augment the traditional Phillips curve model with the coffee price as a predictor, and show that the resulting model outperforms the traditional variant in both in‐sample and out‐of‐sample predictability of US inflation. Second, we demonstrate the need to account for the inherent statistical features of predictors such as persistence, endogeneity, and conditional heteroskedasticity effects when dealing with US inflation. Consequently, we offer robust illustrations to show that the choice of estimator matters for improved US inflation forecasts. Third, the proposed augmented Phillips curve also outperforms time series models such as autoregressive integrated moving average and the fractionally integrated version for both in‐sample and out‐of‐sample forecasts. Our results show that augmenting the traditional Phillips curve with the urban coffee price will produce better forecast results for US inflation only when the statistical effects are captured in the estimation process. Our results are robust to alternative measures of inflation, different data frequencies, higher order moments, multiple data samples and multiple forecast horizons.
Breakdown of the Consent Process at a Quaternary Medical Center: Our Full Disclosure

Circumstances may arise in the intensive care unit (ICU) when the physician is unable to obtain informed consent. We undertook this study to determine the variations in the consent process. An anonymous survey was distributed to all critical care nurses (RN), resident physicians (RES), advanced practitioners (AP), and attending physicians (ATT). Participants were asked to describe the risks of nine common ICU procedures (central venous line, peripherally inserted central catheter, bronchoscopy, tube thoracostomy, tracheostomy, vena cava filter, angioembolization, image-guided drainage, and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube). Participants were also asked which member of the healthcare team should obtain consent. All groups were compared with ATT responses and RN responses were compared with the remaining groups. The response rate was 134 of 610 participants (22%) with 51 per cent RN (n = 68), 17 per cent RES (n = 23), 7 per cent AP (n = 9), and 25 per cent ATT (n = 34). Compared with ATT, RN assessment of important risks varied significantly for eight of nine procedures. RES responses varied in three procedures. A minority believed that nurses should obtain consent. However, many physicians (34% ATT and 27% RES) denied having informed consent discussions with 50 per cent or more of their patients. This study has exposed a wide variation in consent practices. Future efforts to standardize consent processes are needed to protect patients and physicians.
Re-examining differences between momentum and time series momentum among individual stocks

ABSTRACT In this paper, we provide a comprehensive comparison of momentum (CSMOM) and time series momentum (TSMOM) among individual stocks in the US stock market from January 1964 to December 2015 and find that the two are distinct among individual stocks. With zero-cost strategies on both of them, we find that the explanations in Goyal and Jegadeesh (2018) cannot fully explain the differences between the performances of CSMOM strategies and TSMOM strategies.
Voluntary Running Attenuates Memory Loss, Decreases Neuropathological Changes and Induces Neurogenesis in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of memory and cognitive abilities, and the appearance of amyloid plaques composed of the amyloid‐β peptide (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles formed of tau protein. It has been suggested that exercise might ameliorate the disease; here, we evaluated the effect of voluntary running on several aspects of AD including amyloid deposition, tau phosphorylation, inflammatory reaction, neurogenesis and spatial memory in the double transgenic APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mouse model of AD. We report that voluntary wheel running for 10 weeks decreased Aβ burden, Thioflavin‐S‐positive plaques and Aβ oligomers in the hippocampus. In addition, runner APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice showed fewer phosphorylated tau protein and decreased astrogliosis evidenced by lower staining of GFAP. Further, runner APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice showed increased number of neurons in the hippocampus and exhibited increased cell proliferation and generation of cells positive for the immature neuronal protein doublecortin, indicating that running increased neurogenesis. Finally, runner APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice showed improved spatial memory performance in the Morris water maze. Altogether, our findings indicate that in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice, voluntary running reduced all the neuropathological hallmarks of AD studied, reduced neuronal loss, increased hippocampal neurogenesis and reduced spatial memory loss. These findings support that voluntary exercise might have therapeutic value on AD.
Left heart lesions in patients with Ebstein anomaly.

OBJECTIVE To identify the incidence of left heart abnormalities in patients with Ebstein anomaly, recognizing that left-sided lesions in this patient group have been overlooked. PATIENTS AND METHODS According to the echocardiography database at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn, 106 consecutive patients with Ebstein anomaly underwent echocardiography between July 1, 2001, and February 28, 2003. Clinical data as well as electrocardiographic and echocardiographic reports and images were reviewed. RESULTS Ebstein anomaly was severe in 76 patients (72%). Previous tricuspid valve surgery was reported in 46 patients (43%), and previous closure of an atrial septal defect or patent foramen ovale was reported in 34 patients (32%). Left ventricular (LV) myocardial changes resembling noncompaction occurred in 19 patients (17.9%), LV systolic dysfunction in 7 patients (7%), LV diastolic dysfunction in 34 (36%) of 95 patients, and LV dilatation in 4 patients (4%). Additional left-sided cardiac lesions included mitral valve prolapse in 16 patients (15%), bicuspid aortic valve in 8 (8%), mitral valve dysplasia in 4 (4%), and ventricular septal defect in 8 (8%). Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome occurred in 22 patients (21%). The QRS axis tended to be different in LV noncompaction with a mean +/- SD axis of 12 degrees +/- 74 degrees vs 36 degrees +/- 66 degrees overall (P=.08). Otherwise, there were no differences in clinical or surgical data between the groups with normal and abnormal LV myocardium. CONCLUSIONS In patients with Ebstein anomaly, left heart abnormalities involving the myocardium or valves were observed in 39% of patients. Ebstein anomaly should not be regarded as a disease confined to the right side of the heart.
Genome wide profiling of Azospirillum lipoferum 4B gene expression during interaction with rice roots.

Azospirillum-plant cooperation has been mainly studied from an agronomic point of view leading to a wide description of mechanisms implicated in plant growth-promoting effects. However, little is known about genetic determinants implicated in bacterial adaptation to the host plant during the transition from free-living to root-associated lifestyles. This study aims at characterizing global gene expression of Azospirillum lipoferum 4B following a 7-day-old interaction with two cultivars of Oryza sativa L. japonica (cv. Cigalon from which it was originally isolated, and cv. Nipponbare). The analysis was done on a whole genome expression array with RNA samples obtained from planktonic cells, sessile cells, and root-adhering cells. Root-associated Azospirillum cells grow in an active sessile-like state and gene expression is tightly adjusted to the host plant. Adaptation to rice seems to involve genes related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification and multidrug efflux, as well as complex regulatory networks. As revealed by the induction of genes encoding transposases, interaction with root may drive bacterial genome rearrangements. Several genes related to ABC transporters and ROS detoxification display cultivar-specific expression profiles, suggesting host specific adaptation and raising the question of A. lipoferum 4B/rice cv. Cigalon co-adaptation.
In vitro inhibition of interferon alpha-2a antiproliferative activity by antibodies developed during treatment for essential thrombocythaemia.

BACKGROUND Various authors have reported the development of anti-interferon (IFN) antibodies following IFN-alpha treatment for haematological malignancies. So far the methods for detecting these antibodies have not considered the antiproliferative activity of this IFN, which is its most important property in anticancer therapy. METHODS In this in vitro study we evaluated the ability of anti-IFN alpha-2a neutralising antibodies to inhibit the antiproliferative activity of IFN alpha-2a and lymphoblastoid IFN alpha using megakaryocyte colony growth as the revelatory system. These antibodies were detected in two patients affected by essential thrombocythaemia (ET) who lost their haematological response to IFN alpha-2a, but responded to a subsequent treatment with lymphoblastoid IFN alpha. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The results show that the inhibition of megakaryocyte colony growth induced by IFN alpha-2a was totally suppressed in the presence of the two ET patients' sera, whereas the inhibition induced by lymphoblastoid IFN alpha was not significantly affected. These in vitro data demonstrate the high specificity and activity of these antibodies on the antiproliferative effect of IFN alpha-2a.
Comment on: Butler et al. Marked Expansion of Exocrine and Endocrine Pancreas With Incretin Therapy in Humans With Increased Exocrine Pancreas Dysplasia and the Potential for Glucagon-Producing Neuroendocrine Tumors. Diabetes 2013;62:2595–2604

In the study by Butler et al. (1) in the July issue of Diabetes , we noted several issues in study design and data interpretation that substantially limit the ability to form conclusions from this small autopsy series. The study was designed with a nondiabetic control group ( n = 14) that was age-, sex-, and BMI-matched to a group of 20 subjects with diabetes, 8 of whom had received incretin-based therapy and 12 of whom had not. However, the authors conducted a series of comparisons between the two subsets of subjects with diabetes who were not matched and who differed in important ways that were not adjusted for with respect to key characteristics. …