Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dissociation between Performances in Water Maze and Spontaneous Alternation in BALB/C versus A/J Mice

Learning processes are extensively studied in behavioral neuroscience. As experimental models, Morris Water Maze (MWM) and Spontaneous Alternation (SA) represent two of the most frequently used laboratory tests to respectively address spatial vs non-spatial tasks. Several factors have been shown to impact on those learning, including strain, gender, apparatus, conditioning, vision, lighting conditions and stress level. In order to focus on the later, we compared the acquisition of two learning tasks (MWM and SA) in BALB/c and A/J mice, which are known as fearful and stress-sensitive strains. Here, we report that BALB/c mice exhibited higher performances than A/J mice in the MWM (i.e. spatial reference memory task), whereas A/J mice performed better in the SA (i.e. spatial working memory task). These results indicate dissociated processes in the acquisition of spatial vs non-spatial tasks, and emphasize a varying influence of emotional reactivity on different forms of cognition.
Microslips as precursors of large slip events in the stick‐slip dynamics of sheared granular layers: A discrete element model analysis

We investigate the stick‐slip behavior of a granular system confined and sheared by deformable solid blocks using three‐dimensional discrete element method simulations. Our modeling results show that large slip events are preceded by a sequence of small slip events—microslips—whose occurrence accelerates exponentially before the large slip event onset. Microslips exhibit energy release several orders of magnitude smaller than the large slip events. The microslip event rate is proposed as a measure of slip activity in the granular gouge layer. A statistical analysis shows that microslip event rate correlates well with large slip event onset and that variations in it can be used to predict large slip events. The emergence of microslips and their duration are found to be controlled by the value of the slipping contact ratio and are therefore related to the jamming/unjamming transition of frictional granular packings.
A CLOSED FORM SOLUTION FOR THE BLIND SEPARATION OF TWO SOURCE S FROM TWO SENSORS USING SECOND ORDER STATISTICS

In this paper, we present a specific algorithm for the blind identification of a two input two output system. A closed form solution for the blind identification of the system is de rived by exploiting the temporal coherence properties of th e input sources. By exploiting the inherent indeterminacies of the blind processing, a simplified version is derived making the algorithm computationally cheaper and more suitable fo r hardware implementation. The weights of the zero forcing blind separator are then deduced. The performance of the pro posed solutions with respect to the signal to noise ratio (SN R) and sample size are provided in the simulation section.
Nonlinear mode interactions in a counter-rotating split-cylinder flow

The flow in a split cylinder with each half in exact counter rotation is studied numerically. The exact counter rotation, quantified by a Reynolds number $\mathit{Re}$ based on the rotation rate and radius, imparts the system with an $O(2)$ symmetry (invariance to azimuthal rotations as well as to an involution consisting of a reflection about the mid-plane composed with a reflection about any meridional plane). The $O(2)$ symmetric basic state is dominated by a shear layer at the mid-plane separating the two counter-rotating bodies of fluid, created by the opposite-signed vortex lines emanating from the two endwalls being bent to meet at the split in the sidewall. With the exact counter rotation, the additional involution symmetry allows for steady non-axisymmetric states, that exist as a group orbit. Different members of the group simply correspond to different azimuthal orientations of the same flow structure. Steady states with azimuthal wavenumber $m$ (the value of $m$ depending on the cylinder aspect ratio $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$ ) are the primary modes of instability as $\mathit{Re}$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$ are varied. Mode competition between different steady states ensues, and further bifurcations lead to a variety of different time-dependent states, including rotating waves, direction-reversing waves, as well as a number of slow–fast pulse waves with a variety of spatio-temporal symmetries. Further from the primary instabilities, the competition between the vortex lines from each half-cylinder settles on either a $m=2$ steady state or a limit cycle state with a half-period-flip spatio-temporal symmetry. By computing in symmetric subspaces as well as in the full space, we are able to unravel many details of the dynamics involved.
Current state of immunotherapy: chipping away at the tip of the iceberg.

The advent of immunotherapy has vastly altered the treatment landscape of many malignancies, with lung cancer being one of the biggest benefactors. We now have approved immunotherapy agents for both first- and second-line treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as well as promising results from immunotherapy agents in extensivestage small cell lung cancer (SCLC)[1-6]. Three check point inhibitors—nivolumab and pembrolizumab (monoclonal antibody against programmed death 1 (PD-1)), and atezolizumab (monoclonal antibody against programmed death ligand 1 (PDL-1))—have now demonstrated improved overall survival and a favorable toxicity profile when compared to chemotherapy, leading to their respective Federal Drug Administration (FDA) approvals[2-6]. There is now evidence that immunotherapy may also have efficacy in earlier stages of disease. The PACIFIC trial demonstrated a significant improvement in progression-free survival with use of durvalumab (anti-PDL1 monoclonal antibody) as consolidation therapy compared to placebo after definitive chemoradiation for inoperable stage III NSCLC. Mature overall survival data are awaited[7].
Cornered drops and rivulets

We present theoretical and experimental results for a drop of viscous liquid running down an inclined plane at speed U. For U>Ucr the rear of the drop forms a corner whose opening half-angle ϕ decreases with U. By matching the interior of the drop to the contact line, we calculate ϕ analytically. We find that above a second critical speed Uriv this solution no longer exists and instead a slender rivulet comes out of the tip of the corner. To compute the width of the rivulet, we match it to the front of the drop, where it is rounded. Our theoretical results on the opening angle, the rivulet width and the drop velocity are in good agreement with experiment.We present theoretical and experimental results for a drop of viscous liquid running down an inclined plane at speed U. For U>Ucr the rear of the drop forms a corner whose opening half-angle ϕ decreases with U. By matching the interior of the drop to the contact line, we calculate ϕ analytically. We find that above a second critical speed Uriv this solution no longer exists and instead a slender rivulet comes out of the tip of the corner. To compute the width of the rivulet, we match it to the front of the drop, where it is rounded. Our theoretical results on the opening angle, the rivulet width and the drop velocity are in good agreement with experiment.
Individual Differences in Sensitivity to Style During Literary Reading: Insights from Eye-Tracking

Style is an important aspect of literature, and stylistic deviations are sometimes labeled foregrounded, since their manner of expression deviates from the stylistic default. Russian Formalists have claimed that foregrounding increases processing demands and therefore causes slower reading – an effect called retardation. We tested this claim experimentally by having participants read short literary stories while measuring their eye movements. Our results confirm that readers indeed read slower and make more regressions towards foregrounded passages as compared to passages that are not foregrounded. A closer look, however, reveals significant individual differences in sensitivity to foregrounding. Some readers in fact do not slow down at all when reading foregrounded passages. The slowing down effect for literariness was related to a slowing down effect for high perplexity (unexpected) words: those readers who slowed down more during literary passages also slowed down more during high perplexity words, even though no correlation between literariness and perplexity existed in the stories. We conclude that individual differences play a major role in processing of literary texts and argue for accounts of literary reading that focus on the interplay between reader and text.
Apoptosis in the transplanted canine transmissible venereal tumor during growth and regression phases

Twelve male, mongrel, adult dogs were subcutaneously transplanted with cells originated from two canine transmissible venereal tumors (TVT). The aim was to demonstrate and to quantify the occurrence of apoptosis in the TVT regression. After six months of transplantation, a tumor sample was obtained from each dog, being six dogs with TVT in the growing phase and six in the regression phase as verified by daily measurements. Samples were processed for histological and ultrastructural purposes as well as for DNA extraction. Sections of 4μm were stained by HE, Shorr, methyl green pyronine, Van Gieson, TUNEL reaction and immunostained for P53. The Shorr stained sections went through morphometry that demonstrated an increase of the apoptotic cells per field in the regressive tumors. It was also confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, which showed cells with typical morphology of apoptosis and by the TUNEL reaction that detected in situ the 3’OH nick end labeling mainly in the regressive tumors. The regressive TVTs also showed an intensified immunostaining for P53 besides a more intense genomic DNA fragmentation detected by the agarose gel electrophoresis. In conclusion, apoptosis has an important role in the regression of the experimental TVT in a way that is P53-dependent.
Irradiance-induced changes in hydraulic architecture 1

The ability to acclimate to a range of light regimes is important, given that shady understory habitats can receive only a fraction of the light available at the top of the canopy. Sun and shade leaves are known to differ in their set of biochemical and morphological characteristics. In recent years, much has also been learned about the effect of shade on xylem structure and function. Several studies found that shaded plants had narrower xylem conduits than plants growing in full sun. Among the most notable responses induced by shade is a shift of xylem vulnerability to cavitation. Shaded plants are typically more vulnerable to cavitation than plants exposed to full light. This appears to coincide with the construction of weaker intervessel and intertracheid pit membranes in shade. Before entering and after exiting the xylem, water moves through living cells in roots and leaves, respectively. This nonvascular pathway can be modified by aquaporins. Rapid changes in root and leaf hydraulic conductance in response to changes in light and transpirational demand have been described. The role of aquaporins in these responses is discussed.
Chapter 2 MEMS-Based Terahertz Photoacoustic Chemical Sensing System

Advancements in microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology over the last several decades has been a driving force behind miniaturizing and improving sensor designs. In this work, a specialized cantilever pressure sensor was designed, modeled, and fabricated to investigate the photoacoustic (PA) response of gases to terahertz (THz) radiation under low-vacuum conditions associated with high-resolution spectroscopy. Microfabricated cantilever devices made using silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers were tested in a custom-built test chamber in this first ever demonstration of a cantileverbased PA chemical sensor and spectroscopy system in the THz frequency regime. The THz radiation source was amplitude modulated to excite acoustic waves in the chamber, and PA molecular spectroscopy of a gas species was performed. An optical measure‐ ment technique was used to evaluate the PA effect on the cantilever sensor; a laser beam was reflected off the cantilever tip and through an iris to a photodiode. As the cantile‐ ver movement deflected the laser beam, the beam was clipped by an iris and generated the PA signal. Experimental data indicated a predominantly linear response in signal amplitude from the photodiode measurement technique, which directly correlated to measured cantilever deflections. Using the custom-designed PA chamber and MEMS cantilever sensor, excellent low-pressure PA spectral data of methyl cyanide (CH3CN) at 2 to 40 mTorr range has been obtained. At low chamber pressures, the sensitivity of our system was 1.97 × 10−5 cm−1 and had an excellent normalized noise equivalent absorp‐ tion (NNEA) coefficient of 1.39 × 10−9 cm−1 W Hz-1⁄2 using a 0.5 s signal averaging time.
EVALUATION OF THE QUALITY OF ACTION CAMERAS WITH WIDE-ANGLE LENSES IN UAV PHOTOGRAMMETRY

Abstract. The application of light-weight cameras in UAV photogrammetry is required due to restrictions in payload. In general, consumer cameras with normal lens type are applied to a UAV system. The availability of action cameras, like the GoPro Hero4 Black, including a wide-angle lens (fish-eye lens) offers new perspectives in UAV projects. With these investigations, different calibration procedures for fish-eye lenses are evaluated in order to quantify their accuracy potential in UAV photogrammetry. Herewith the GoPro Hero4 is evaluated using different acquisition modes. It is investigated to which extent the standard calibration approaches in OpenCV or Agisoft PhotoScan/Lens can be applied to the evaluation processes in UAV photogrammetry. Therefore different calibration setups and processing procedures are assessed and discussed. Additionally a pre-correction of the initial distortion by GoPro Studio and its application to the photogrammetric purposes will be evaluated. An experimental setup with a set of control points and a prospective flight scenario is chosen to evaluate the processing results using Agisoft PhotoScan. Herewith it is analysed to which extent a pre-calibration and pre-correction of a GoPro Hero4 will reinforce the reliability and accuracy of a flight scenario.
Adaptive Algorithm to Improve Trajectory Prediction Accuracy of Climbing Aircraft

Aircraft climb trajectories are difficult to predict, and large errors in these predictions reduce the potential operational benefits of some advanced concepts in the Next Generation Air Transportation System. An algorithm that dynamically adjusts modeled aircraft weights based on observed track data to improve the accuracy of trajectory predictions for climbing flights has been developed. In real-time evaluation with actual Fort Worth Center traffic, the algorithm decreased the altitude root-mean-square error by about 20%. It also reduced the root-mean-square error of predicted time at top of climb by the same amount.
www.econstor.eu Community Enterprises – An Institutional Innovation

Management research has long focused on the theory of the firm, studying for-profit organizations that produce privately owned resources based on central authority and within well-defined boundaries. In recent times, a new kind of enterprise has emerged that we call Community Enterprises. They are barrier free and extend beyond the reach of strong, personal relationships and are characterized by the production of appropriation-free resources and the absence of boundaries. Wikipedia is the most successful example of such a Community Enterprise. Assumptions and principles underneath related fields such as organizational theory, innovation economics, and industrial organization should therefore be critically examined. JEL-Code: D210, D230, J000.
Laparoscopic personalized function-preserving gastrectomy with sentinel node mapping for early-stage gastric cancer

Laparoscopic gastrectomy is considered as an indispensable option between endoscopic resection and standard gastrectomy with open laparotomy for patients with early-stage gastric cancer. However, the extent of gastrectomy and remnant gastric function may affect patients’ quality of life (QOL) after surgery. Therefore, function-preserving gastrectomy in addition to laparoscopic surgery could be considered in patients with early-stage gastric cancer. A prospective multicenter trial and meta-analyses of sentinel node (SN) mapping and biopsy for early-stage gastric cancer have demonstrated favorable SN detection rates and accuracy of nodal metastatic status. Although a combination of radioactive colloids with blue dyes as tracers is currently considered as the promising procedure of SN mapping in earlystage gastric cancer, several new technologies, such as indocyanine green fluorescence imaging, may markedly improve its accuracy. For early-stage gastric cancer, the development of laparoscopic personalized minimized gastrectomy with SN mapping may help retain patents’ QOL after surgery. A recently developed full-thickness partial gastrectomy with SN mapping and basin dissection would become a reliable minimally invasive gastrectomy for treating patients with cN0 early-stage gastric cancer.
Chemical composition and antinociceptive effects of essential oil from aerial parts of Gundelia tournefortii L Asteraceae (Compositae) in rats

Purpose: To investigate the antinociceptive effect of the essential oil from the aerial parts of Gundelia. tournefortii (EOGT) in various experimental models Methods: The essential oil from the aerial parts of Gundelia tournefortii was extracted using steam distillation method median lethal dose (LD 50 ) of EOGT was evaluated using the method of Lorke. Antinociceptive effect of EOGT in rats was carried out using chemical (formalin and acetic acid) and thermal (hot-plate) nociceptive tests at doses of 10, 31.6, 100, 316 and 1000 mg/kg. The possible mechanism of action of EOGT was also examined. Results: In acute toxicity test, LD 50 for EOGT was 2500 mg/kg. EOGT at test doses (10, 31.6, 100, 316 and 1000 mg/kg, orally) significantly reduced pain response in all tests in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Glibenclamide (potassium channel sensitive to ATP antagonist) and yoimbina (α2 adrenergic receptor antagonist), partially antagonized the antinociceptive activity induced by EOGT. However, naloxone (opioid antagonist) and L-NAME (an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase) did not reverse the antinociception produced by EOGT. Conclusion: Essential oil from the aerial parts of G. tournefortii shows significant antinociceptive activity, which appeared to involve the participation of K+ channels sensitive to ATP and adrenergic receptors. These findings justify in part the traditional use of the plant in the treatment of various painful conditions. Keywords: Antinociceptive, Opioid receptors, Adrenergic receptor, Essential oil, Gundelia tournefortii , Formalin test
A New Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (TOF-AMS)—Instrument Description and First Field Deployment

We report the development and first field deployment of a new version of the Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS), which is capable of measuring non-refractory aerosol mass concentrations, chemically speciated mass distributions and single particle information. The instrument was constructed by interfacing the well-characterized Aerodyne AMS vacuum system, particle focusing, sizing, and evaporation/ionization components, with a compact TOFWERK orthogonal acceleration reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer. In this time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (TOF-AMS) aerosol particles are focused by an aerodynamic lens assembly as a narrow beam into the vacuum chamber. Non-refractory particle components flash-vaporize after impaction onto the vaporizer and are ionized by electron impact. The ions are continuously guided into the source region of the time-of-flight mass spectrometer, where ions are extracted into the TOF section at a repetition rate of 83.3 kHz. Each extraction generates a complete mass spectrum, which is processed by a fast (sampling rate 1 Gs/s) data acquisition board and a PC. Particle size information is obtained by chopping the particle beam followed by time-resolved detection of the particle evaporation events. Due to the capability of the time-of-flight mass spectrometer of measuring complete mass spectra for every extraction, complete single particle mass spectra can be collected. This mode provides quantitative information on single particle composition. The TOF-AMS allows a direct measurement of internal and external mixture of non-refractory particle components as well as sensitive ensemble average particle composition and chemically resolved size distribution measurements. Here we describe for the first time the TOF-AMS and its operation as well as results from its first field deployment during the PM 2.5 Technology Assessment and Characterization Study—New York (PMTACS-NY) Winter Intensive in January 2004 in Queens, New York. These results show the capability of the TOF-AMS to measure quantitative aerosol composition and chemically resolved size distributions of the ambient aerosol. In addition it is shown that the single particle information collected with the instrument gives direct information about internal and external mixture of particle components.
MULTIASSET MARKET DYNAMICS

This paper explores multiasset market dynamics. We consider a limited number of markets on which two types of agents are active. Fundamentalists specialize in a certain market to gather expertise. Chartists may switch between markets since they use simple extrapolative methods. Specifically, chartists prefer markets that display price trends but that are not too misaligned. The interaction between the traders causes complex dynamics. Even in the absence of random shocks, our artificial markets mimic the behavior of actual asset markets closely. Our model also offers reasons for the high degree of comovements in stock prices observed empirically.
Universal mechanism for air entrainment during liquid impact

When a millimetre-sized liquid drop approaches a deep liquid pool, both the interface of the drop and the pool deform before the drop touches the pool. The build-up of air pressure prior to coalescence is responsible for this deformation. Due to this deformation, air can be entrained at the bottom of the drop during the impact. We quantify the amount of entrained air numerically, using the boundary integral method for potential flow for the drop and the pool, coupled to viscous lubrication theory for the air film that has to be squeezed out during impact. We compare our results with various experimental data and find excellent agreement for the amount of air that is entrapped during impact onto a pool. Next, the impact of a rigid sphere onto a pool is numerically investigated and the air that is entrapped in this case also matches with available experimental data. In both cases of drop and sphere impact onto a pool the numerical air bubble volume $V_{b}$ is found to be in agreement with the theoretical scaling $V_{b}/V_{drop/sphere}\sim \mathit{St}^{-4/3}$ , where $\mathit{St}$ is the Stokes number. This is the same scaling as has been found for drop impact onto a solid surface in previous research. This implies a universal mechanism for air entrainment for these different impact scenarios, which has been suggested in recent experimental work, but is now further elucidated with numerical results.