Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Smoking patterns at different medical schools in Turkey

Objective - To assess smoking-related be haviour, beliefs, and attitudes of students at different medical schools in Turkey, in comparison to those of students in non medical schools. Design - First- and final-year medical and nonmedical (science) students from seven universities located in different geographical areas in Turkey replied anonymously to an adapted World Health Organisation questionnaire in Turkish. Subjects - First-, fourth- and sixth (final) year medical students (total 3073) and first- and fourth- (final) year non medical students (total 2401) from dif ferent universities. Results - The prevalence of daily smok ing among first-year medical students (both sexes combined) was 11.8% (range 8.7-14.9% for the universities), signifi cantly lower than that of nonmedical first-year students (21.0%, range 12.1 28.4%) (p 0.05). Daily smoking prevalence for medical students was three times higher among males (30.5 %) than females (10.1 %), but was twice as high in nonmedical students (32.4% for males and 16.4% for females). A serious attempt to quit had been made by 45.0% of smokers in medical and 47.9% in nonmedical schools (p > 0.05); 30.6% of smokers in medical and 27.2% in non medical schools thought that they would no longer smoke in five years' time (p > 0.05). 87.9% of medical and 85.7% of nonmedical students believed smoking to be harmful to health. In medical schools, there were important defects in know ledge of smoking as a major cause of pulmonary emphysema, coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, neo natal mortality, and bladder cancer. There were also important defects both in knowledge and motivation regarding counselling patients to stop smoking and the role of doctors in antismoking cam paigns. Legislative measures against smoking were equally likely to be sup ported by medical and nonmedical students. Conclusions - Smoking was much more prevalent among Turkish than among US, Australian, European, Asian (includ ing Japan but not Russia) and African medical students. This study indicates that the current system of medical edu cation in Turkey has little or no effect on the attitudes and behaviour of students regarding smoking.
Séparation et détection des trajets dans un guide d'onde en eau peu profonde

En acoustique sous marine, les ´etudes sur les zones en eau peu profondes sontredevenues strat´egiques. Cette th`ese porte sur l’ ´etude de la s´eparation et la d´etectionde trajet dans le cadre des eaux peu profondes tomographie acoustique oc´eanique. Dansune premi´ere ´etape de notre travail, nous avons donn´e un bref aperc¸u sur les techniquesexistantes de traitement acoustique sous-marine afin de trouver la difficult´e toujoursconfront´es `a ce type de m´ethodes. Par cons´equent, nous avons fait une conclusion qu’ilest encore n´e cessaire d’am´eliorer la r´esolution de s´eparation afin de fournir des informationsplus utiles pour l’ ´etape inverse de la tomographie acoustique oc´eanique.Ainsi, une enquˆete sur les mthodes haute r´esolution est effecut´ee. Enfin, nous avonspropos´e une m´ethode `a haute r´esolution appel´ee lissage MUSICAL (MUSIC Active largeband), qui combine le lissage de fr´equence spatiale avec l’algorithme MUSICAL, pourune s´eparation efficace de trajet coh´erentes ou totalement corr´el´es. Cependant, cettem´ethode est bas´ee sur la connaissance a priori du nombre de trajet. Ainsi, nous introduisonsun test (exponential fitting test) (EFT) `a l’aide de courte longueur des ´echantillonspour d´eterminer le nombre de trajets. Ces deux m´ethodes sont appliqu´ees `a la fois desdonn´ees synth´etiques et les donn´ees r´eelles acquises dans un r´eservoir `a petite ´echelle.Leurs performances sont compar´ees avec les m´ethodes conventionnelles pertinentes.
The Native Speaker: Myth and Reality

Preface to First edition Preface to Second edition Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Psycholinguistic aspects of the native speaker Chapter 3: Linguistic aspects of the native speaker Chapter 4: Sociolinguistic aspects of the native speaker Chapter 5: Lingualism and the knowledges of the native speaker Chapter 6: Communicative aspects of the native speaker Chapter 7: Intelligibility and the speech community Chapter 8: Losing one's language Chapter 9: Assessment and second language acquisition research Chapter 10: Conclusion: who is the native speaker? Appendix/References/ Index
Event Detection Method Based on Belief Model for Wireless Sensor Networks

Event area detection is one of the most important applications in complex environment for wireless sensor networks. The nodes in the networks may have faults due to many uncertainty factors( such as temperature,humidity,hardware etc.),which will reduce event detection quality. Considering the spatial correlation for the sensing information of neighboring sensors,a belief model based on network topology was proposed. A Bayesian fault tolerance model was further constructed by synthesizing sensor's own information and its neighbor nodes' information. The model can predict the probability as well as the optimum threshold on whether the event happens. The node makes the final decisions by comparing the two probability values. Simulations show that compared with the optimal threshold decision scheme,the proposed scheme can increase the percentage of the corrected nodes from 65% to 78% when node fault probability is 25%. The scheme can also increase the percentage of the corrected nodes from 50% to 70%when the node fault probability is 30% that reflects better fault-tolerance performance.
Energy Management in RFID-Sensor Networks: Taxonomy and Challenges

Ubiquitous computing is foreseen to play an important role for data production and network connectivity in the coming decades. The Internet of Things (IoT) research which has the capability to encapsulate identification potential and sensing capabilities, strives toward the objective of developing seamless, interoperable, and securely integrated systems which can be achieved by connecting the Internet with computing devices. This gives way for the evolution of wireless energy harvesting (EH) and power transmission using computing devices. Radio frequency (RF) based energy management (EM) has become the backbone for providing energy to wireless integrated systems. The two main techniques for EM in RF identification sensor networks (RSN) are EH and energy transfer (ET). These techniques enable the dynamic energy level maintenance and optimization as well as ensuring reliable communication which adheres to the goal of increased network performance and lifetime. In this paper, we present an overview of RSN, its types of integration and relative applications. We then provide the state-of-the-art EM techniques and strategies for RSN from August 2009 till date, thereby reviewing the existing EH and ET mechanisms designed for RSN. The taxonomy on various challenges for EM in RSN has also been articulated for open research directives.
Auditing of Dynamic Big Data Storage on Cloud Using TPA

Cloud computing has includes many areas like IT companies, business line , all online shopping sites ,it also including mobile phone service providers etc. But because of such widely speeded area it has arises issues related to storage capacity and security. Cloud user can no longer physically maintain direct control over their data, which makes data security one of the major concerns of using cloud. Existing research work already allows data integrity to be varied without possession of the actual data. The trusted third party known as auditor. And verification done by this auditor is known as authorized auditing. The existing system has many drawbacks regarding third party like any one can challenge to the cloud service provider for proof of data integrity. Also in it includes re-search in BLS signature algorithm to supporting fully dynamic data updates. This algorithm is used to update an only red-sized block known as coarse-grained updates. Though this system takes more time for updating data. Here we are providing a system which support authorized auditing and ne-grained update request. Thus, our system dose not only increases security and edibility but also providing a new big data application to all cloud service providers for large data frequent small updates. Maintaining the storages is very difficult task and it requires higher resource costs for the implementation. Here we have proposed a formal analysis technique called full grained updates. It includes the efficient searching for downloading the uploaded file and also focuses on designing the auditing protocol to improve the server-side protection for the efficient data confidentiality and data availability.
PENGARUH EVALUASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN (STUDI EMPIRIS PADA BANK PENGKREDITAN RAKYAT SYARI’AH MARGIRIZKI BAHAGIA YOGYAKARTA)

Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah melihat perkembangan evaluasi kerja berdasarkan seiring perkembangan zaman banyak satu organisasi atau perusahaan yang menjadikan evaluasi kerja untuk mengukur produktifitas kinerja karyawan, karena untuk mencapai tujuan operasional dan tujuan ideal atau tujuan strategik sebuah organisasi perusahan sangat tergantung pada kinerja karyawan. Adanya evaluasi kinerja karyawan berarti karyawan mendapatkan perhatian dari atasan, sehingga mendorong karyawan bersemangat untuk bekerja. Evaluasi kinerja juga dilakukan oleh bank BPR Syariah Margirizki Bahagia Yogyakarta perusahan yang bekerja dibidang keuangan dan jasa ini melakukan evaluasi kinerja untuk meningkatkan produktifitas kinerja karyawan dan mencari kendala-kendala yang dihadapi oleh para karyawan, disamping itu evaluasi kinerja juga digunakan sebagai pengambilan keputusan memberikan promosi kepada pegawai ternilai yang kinerjanya memenuhi ketentuan pemberian promosi.Yang menjadi permasalahan penelitian ini adalah pengaruh evaluasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan di BPRS Margirizki Bahagia Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif, dengan mengambil latar BPRS Margirizki Bahagia Yogyakarta. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara Quesioner atau angket, observasi dan dokumentasi. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis product moment. Analisis ini dipilih karena penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dugaan akibat antara variabael dependen dengan variabel independen. Teknik analisisnya akan di tentukan melalui komputasi analisis data program SPSS. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan: Evaluasi kerja bagi karyawan pada Bank BPRS Margirizki Bahagia Yogyakarta mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan, hal tersebut dapat dilihat pada perhitungan korelasi product moment bahwa F hitung = 3,360 dengan nilai signifikansi = 0,077, lebih besar dari F tabel = 2,225 dengan nilai signifikansi = 0,034 atau juga nilai signifikansi uji F lebh kecil dari nilai alfa 0,05 yang artinya regresi mempunyai pengaruh yang sangat signifikan. Sedangkan konstantanya 28,261 yang artinya jika variabel evaluasi kerja meningkat satu point maka variabel kinerja karyawan akan meningkat 28,262 point. Koefisien diterminasi dalam penelitian ini sebesar 0,327 dengan persamaan koefisien = 32,7% yang artinya kinerja karyawan disumbang oleh evaluasi kerja karyawan sebesar 32,7%, adapun 67,3% merupakan faaktor-faktor lain di luar evaluasi kerja melalui model persamaan regresinya. Kekuatan pengaruh evaluasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan, berdasarkan analisis perhitungan korelasi product moment bahwa r hitungnya adalah 2,225 pada taraf signifikansi (0.05) harga r table
Application of data-mining technologies in analysis of clinical literature on traditional Chinese medicine

Data-mining technologies commonly-used in mining clinical literature on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and their application in analysis of clinical literature on traditional Chinese medicine were described.The authors pointed out that the close cooperation model between TCM and data-mining experts in mining data of TCM can solve not only the clinical and theoretical difficulties in TCM,but also is the key method to mine and use the data of TCM.
Use of family history to improve risk prediction in clinical care: Colorectal cancer as an example

Family history has been called the “cornerstone of individualized disease prevention” but it is underutilized in clinical practice. In order to use it more effectively, its role in assessing risk for disease needs to be better quantified and understood. Family history has been identified as an important risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC) and risk prediction in CRC is potentially worthwhile because of the possibility of preventing the disease through application of individualized screening programs tailored to risk. The overall project objective was to explore how family history can be better utilized to predict who will develop CRC. First, we used the Utah Population Database (UPDB) to define familial risk for CRC in more detail than has previously been reported. Second, we explored whether individuals at increased familial risk for CRC or at increased risk based on other risk factors such as a personal history of CRC or adenomatous polyps, are more compliant with screening and surveillance recommendations using colonoscopy than those who are at normal risk. Third, we measured how well family history can predict who will develop CRC over a period of 20 years, using family history by itself as a risk factor, and also in combination with the risk factor, age. We found that increased numbers of affected first-degree relatives influence risk much more than affected relatives from the second or third degrees. However, when combined with a positive firstdegree family history, a positive secondand third-degree family history can significantly increase risk. Next, we found that colonoscopy rates were higher in those with risk factors, according to risk-specific guidelines, but improvements in compliance are still warranted. Lastly, it was determined that family history by itself is not a strong predictor of exactly who will acquire colorectal cancer within 20 years. However, stratification of risk using absolute risk probabilities may be more helpful in focusing screening on individuals who are more likely to develop the disease. Future work includes using these findings as a basis for a cost/benefit analysis to determine optimal screening recommendations and building tools to better capture and utilize family history data in an electronic health record system.
The Effect of Interactivity in E-learning Systems

This book is based on research conducted to investigate whether interactivity yields a learning effect when used appropriately in e-Learning Systems, and whether this effect enhances learning. There is no doubt interactivity is vital in learning. This statement is emphasized to such an extent that it is claimed that students with higher levels of interaction will obtain more positive and higher levels of achievement. However, little scientific evidence can be found to support this relationship. The importance of this book is based on the fact that it provides evidence of the impact of interactivity on e-Learning Systems considering the three main agents of an educational activity: the learner, the teacher and the environment. In addition, the concept of feedback as a key element in any interactive mechanism for enhancing learning is well documented in several studies throughout this book. Three empirical studies are presented that investigated interactivity within the educational triangle. These three studies were conducted based on the framework of positivism and action research paradigms. The first study, entitled "Interactive Pedagogical Feedback", gathers evidence for how highly interactive pedagogically designed formative feedback enhances students' memory and understanding. The second study, entitled "Interactive Audio Feedback", examines whether the speed enhancements of oral feedback improve the conditions for the production of the lecturer's feedback and the quality of the feedback delivered to the students. The final study, "Interactive Texting Feedback", takes a pedagogical approach to provide formative feedback to a student audience using mobile text messages, and determines whether Interactive Texting Feedback enhances the learning experience within the e-Learning environment. The information contained in the book is useful for academics and institutions to improve their teaching and the efficiency of their learning delivery mechanisms, and will guide the design of instructional content. It will also be of utility to other researchers and those in roles that require an understanding of interactivity.
Neuronaltoll-like receptors and neuro-immunity in parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and stroke

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are part of the innate immune system and can initiate an immune response upon exposure to harmful microorganisms. Neuronal TLRs are considered to be part of an established framework of interactions between the immune system and the nervous system, the major sensing systems in mammals. TLRs in the nervous system and neuronal TLRs are suspected to be important during inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this review is to offer an overview of the current knowledge about TLRs in neurodegenerative pathologies, with a focus on Parkinson’s disease. More research focusing on the role of TLRs in health and disease of the nervous system is needed and remains to be explored.
A hybridcontent based image retrieval system based onlocal binary pattern (LBP), color moment (CM) and edges

—In this paper a hybrid content based image retrieval system (CBIR) based on local binary pattern (LBP), color moment (CM) and edges have been efficiently used for image retrieval. LBP is used as it is sensible to noise so the neighboring pixels comparison is easy. CM is used as it is efficient in indexing the images based on the color in image retrieval system. Edges can be used to efficiently discover the shape information. So it will be better to combine all the three features and utilized the variable property of all the three. Wang database have been used for the experimentation. All the 10 classes are used for the results comparison. The results suggested that the proposed hybrid method have the capability over individual methods and also over the LBP and CM method in combination in efficient image retrieval.
Immune Evolutionary Model and ItsApplication for Optimization Computation

The intelligent evolutionary mechanisms of immune system are analyzed and two kinds of typical immune computational models are deeply researched. Based on the two models and immune regulation theory, and combined with mechanism of immune memory, a general immune evolutionary algorithm (GIEA) frame is proposed and its basic principles are discussed, and its convergence property and convergence speed is also analyzed. Aiming at the problem of multi-modal optimization, a multi-modal immune optimization algorithm (MIOA) according to this frame is designed. A simulation experiment is performed and its computational complexity is analyzed. The simulation and analysis results show that, compared with similar algorithms, it not only has advantages of less computational magnitude and better validity, but also needs none transcendental knowledge, so it realizes completely adaptive searching.
Deterministic transaction execution in distributed database systems

The concurrency control mechanisms traditionally used in database systems to support ACID transactions are highly nondeterministic. They allow (and often cause) in-progress transactions to abort for reasons unrelated to transaction logic, such as deadlock, hardware failures, and other unpredictable events. We propose an alternative approach to concurrency control that emulates a deterministic serial execution of an (explicitly logged) input sequence of transaction requests. In a database system using a deterministic concurrency control protocol, all system replicas that use the same transaction input log remain strongly consistent with no further synchronization. Distributed transactions that span multiple shards within a replica may also eschew the distributed commit protocols required by traditional nondeterministic database systems, reducing lock contention and thereby ameliorating one of the main hurdles to building horizontally scalable transactional database systems. To explore the possibilities opened by deterministic transaction processing, we implemented Calvin, a distributed transaction scheduling and replication management system that connects a deterministic concurrency control engine to a pluggable storage backend. Calvin scales near-linearly on clusters of commodity machines and supports strongly consistent Paxos-based replication—including across geographically distant datacenters—at no cost to transactional throughput. We demonstrate these performance characteristics first in the context of standard OLTP database benchmarks, and then by using Calvin to build a scalable metadata management subsystem for a highly available filesystem. We also observe that system components in Calvin operate more independently from one another than those in standard, monolithic database systems, encouraging more modular database system designs.
Culture and Authenticity

Introduction. Part I: Individual Authenticity: . 1. Authenticity and Art. 2. Authenticity and Music. 3. Seeking Authenticity in Travel and Adventure. 4. The Commodification of Authenticity. 5. Authenticity and the Self. Part II: Collective Authenticity: . 6. Authentic Cuisine and National Identity. 7. Authentic Dance and National Identity. 8. Modes of Authenticity in the Nation-State. 9. Israel and Authentic Jewish Identity. 10. Authenticity On the Margins. 11. Afterword: The Anthropology of Authenticity. Endnotes. Bibliography
Monuments of Egypt : the Napoleonic edition : the complete archaeological plates from la Description de l'Egypte

A related site of interest is the reconstruction of the TemplePalace of Ramses III at Medinet Habu, 1175 B.C., by Mohammed Motliband Matiu Carr. And a Color Tour of Egypt is offered by the University of Memphis.Princeton Architectural Press's Reprint Series was established in 1981 to make rare volumes on architecture available to a wider audience. The books' beautiful reproductions and finest quality printing and binding match those of the originals, while their 9-by-12-inch format makes them accessible and affordable. New introductions bring a modern voice to these classic texts, updating them to become invaluable contemporary resources. These critically acclaimed books are an essential addition to any library.
Understanding vaccination resistance: moving beyond risk

Mass childhood immunisation (MCI) is of primary importance to all modern public health systems and relies on high levels of uptake. Recent controversy in the UK about the safety of the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine has prompted widespread concerns and a government response that concentrates on providing more information to the public. This information has mainly adopted the language of risk, as exemplified in recent health promotion materials designed to persuade parents to choose the MMR vaccine. The paper analyses the key material and reveals three contestable assumptions; first, that individuals make decisions through a comparison of individual risk; second, that public concern about vaccination is due to a miscalculation of risk; third, that a policy of providing more risk statistics is the best response to the controversy. Through criticising these assumptions it is argued that some resistance to MCI is about alternative understandings of basic categories of health and disease. Further research is needed to investigate the role of uncertainty and trust in understanding anti-vaccination.