Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Polychaete distribution in the near-shore zone of Martel Inlet, Admiralty Bay (King George Island, Antarctica)

Although a considerable amount of literature exists on Antarctic polychaetes, comparatively few ecological studies have been carried out in shallow waters (to 30 m). In these environments, inherent factors such as freezing of the intertidal and upper sublittoral zones, iceberg scouring and formation of anchor ice greatly influence the faunal distribution and community structure. The aim of this study is to investigate the structure of the polychaete assemblages in a shallow soft bottom environment in the Antarctic and to assess the relationships with bottom type and ice effects. The samples were taken in December 1994 along a transect comprising four sampling stations ranging from 6-25 m depth, adjacent to the Brazilian Antarctic Station Comandante Ferraz at Martel Inlet, Admiralty Bay. Two additional stations were established at a depth of 18 m in order to study the effect of ice-scouring. Five replicates per station were sampled with corers taken by SCUBA divers. The polychaete distribution showed a distinct zonation pattern as a function of depth induced mainly by sedimentary differences and ice-scouring. The polychaete density, biomass and species diversity increased with depth. In the area affected by ice-scouring, these structural parameters were more variable. A total of 31 species in 18 families was recorded across the sampling area. Four species accounted for 80% of the total abundance: Apistobranchus gudrunae, Tharyx cf. cincinnatus, Leitoscoloplos kerguelensis and Ophryotrocha notialis. Certain tube-dwelling polychaetes, such as Leaena cf. collaris and Asychis amphiglypta, occurred only at the 18 and 25 m stations where the ice-effects are less than at the shallower stations. Conversely, some species, notably those belonging to taxa known to be opportunistic in life-style, such as Ophryotrocha notialis and Microspio cf moorei, were more abundant at the shallow stations.
Field establishment of little bluestem and prairie dropseed under managed conditions

Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash (Poaceae) (little bluestem) and Sporobolus heterolepis (A. Gray) A. Gray (Poaceae) (prairie dropseed) are ecologically important warm-season grass species for restoration of degraded Midwestern prairie habitats. Information about methods to establish these grass species is limited. Therefore, a combination of treatments were tested in a field setting over 2 y to enhance the success of these 2 species under field-production conditions and for prairie restorations. Treatments consisted of mowing, 3 herbicide rates, and 3 seeding rates. Imazapic ((±)- 2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-methyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid]) herbicide was applied at rates of 0, 0.14, and 0.28 kg/ha. Seeding rates were 4.5, 9.0, and 13.5 kg/ha (4.0, 8.0, and 12.0 lb/ac) for S. scoparium and 1.9, 4.8, and 7.6 kg/ha (1.7, 4.3, and 6.8 lb/ac) for S. heterolepis. After 2 growing seasons, mowing did not affect S. scoparium density or percent cover. Herbicide-treated plots had greater density and percent cover of S. scoparium than did untreated plots. The 13.5 kg/ha seeding rate for S. scoparium was associated with greater grass density and percent cover than the 2 lower seeding rates. Sporobolus heterolepis was detected in only 4 out of 164 sampling quadrats after 2 growing seasons. Emergence was too poor for data collection or testing of the hypothesis. Although mowing did not appear to influence seedling establishment of S. scoparium, herbicide application and generous seeding rates increased grass density and percent cover.
Adapt or disperse: understanding species persistence in a changing world

The majority of studies on environmental change focus on the response of single species and neglect fundamental biotic interactions, such as mutualism, competition, predation, and parasitism, which complicate patterns of species persistence. Under global warming, disruption of community interactions can arise when species differ in their sensitivity to rising temperature, leading to mismatched phenologies and/or dispersal patterns. To study species persistence under global climate change, it is critical to consider the ecology and evolution of multispecies interactions; however, the sheer number of potential interactions makes a full study of all interactions unfeasible. One mechanistic approach to solving the problem of complicated community context to global change is to (i) define strategy groups of species based on life‐history traits, trophic position, or location in the ecosystem, (ii) identify species involved in key interactions within these groups, and (iii) determine from the interactions of these key species which traits to study in order to understand the response to global warming. We review the importance of multispecies interactions looking at two trait categories: thermal sensitivity of metabolic rate and associated life‐history traits and dispersal traits of species. A survey of published literature shows pronounced and consistent differences among trophic groups in thermal sensitivity of life‐history traits and in dispersal distances. Our approach increases the feasibility of unraveling such a large and diverse set of community interactions, with the ultimate goal of improving our understanding of community responses to global warming.
Growth and swainsonine production of Swainsona galegifolia (Andr.) R. Br. untransformed and transformed root cultures

Untransformed and transformed root cultures of Swainsona galegifolla were established for swainsonine production. Transformed roots grew faster and produced higher swainsonine levels (62.3 μg g−1 DW) than untransformed roots (23.6 ,μg g−1 DW) or roots of intact plants (8.7 μg g−1 DW). Transformation of a number of plant genotypes using A. rhizogenes strain LBA 9402 showed that plant genotype Influences swainsonine level in transformed roots but that a wide range of swainsonine levels can be induced by separate transformation events in the same genotype. Enhancement of swainsonine production was attempted by treatment with sugars and induction of polyploid roots.
Complement receptor 3 plays a significant role in B-glucan induced ROS production in porcine neutrophils

CONCLUSION Proand prebiotics are known to stimulate the intestinal immune system. One of the most commonly used immunostimulants in animal husbandry are β-glucans. β-glucans are conserved glucose polymers found in the cell walls of plants, fungi, yeasts and bacteria. Through binding to their receptors they can activate innate immunity, thereby enhancing defense barriers. Several studies in mice have established that dectin-1 is the most efficient receptor on macrophages and dendritic cells for phagocytosis of β-glucan-rich cell walls [1]. In humans, however, a recent study [2] showed an indispensable role for complement receptor 3 (CR3) in phagocytosis as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by neutrophils in response to zymosan (β-glucan derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The integrin CR3 is a heterodimer consisting of an α subunit (CD18) and a β subunit (CD11b). Dectin-1 and complement receptor 3 are both expressed on porcine neutrophils and monocytes [3,4], but which receptor contributes to the response of immune cells towards βglucans in pigs is not known yet. Therefore, we studied the influence of β-glucan receptor inhibitors on the antimicrobial activity of porcine neutrophils.
Evaluation of Corn and Barley as Energy Sources for Cows in Early Lactation Fed Alfalfa-Based Diets

Abstract Twenty-four multiparous, lactating Holstein cows were used in an experiment to determine the value of corn or Steptoe barleys of one of three densities (.66, .73, or .79 kg/L) on production in early lactation. The corn diet also contained 11.8% beet pulp. Each cow was assigned to a sequence of three diets that were fed during three 21-d periods. Cows were fed TMR containing 56% concentrate and 44% mixed alfalfa forage (DM basis). The corn and . 73-kg/L barley diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Other barleys were included in their respective diets on an equal weight basis with the . 73-kg/L barley diet. The corn diet contained a greater amount of beet pulp than the barley diets to equalize NDF content. There was no effect of diet on milk production, milk composition, or DMI for cows in early lactation. Diets were quite palatable; DMI averaged more than 4% of BW. Results of an in situ study showed that the corn used in these diets contained DM, CP, and starch that was less degradable than the barleys, yet this did not affect intake or milk production. Results of this trial indicate that barley can be used effectively in rations of high producing cows. Energy values listed by the NRC for barley appear to be accurate for Steptoe barley and can be used to develop an alfalfa-barley ration of feeding value equal to an alfalfa, corn, and beet pulp ration.
Proteomic comparison between interphase and metaphase of isolated chloroplasts of Cyanidioschyzon merolae (Cyanidiophyceae, Rhodophyta)

With the completion of the Cyanidioschyzon merolae genome project, detailed analysis of organelle proteins with mass spectrometry has now become possible. Chloroplasts of the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae De Luca, Taddei et Varano (Rhodophyta, Cyanidiophyceae) were isolated from synchronized culture and the chloroplast lysates of both interphase and metaphase cells were prepared and subjected to 2D‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A total of 355 spots (170 identical spots) were recognized and quantified and then analyzed using mass spectrometry. A total of 105 proteins were identified, including 18 proteins for posttranslational functions, 17 photosynthesis‐related proteins, 10 carbohydrate‐related proteins, 15 proteins of unknown functions, and eight proteins predicted to be contaminated from other organelles. On the basis of spot quantity, photosynthesis‐related proteins were most dominant (45.3% in interphase and 56.4% in metaphase). In particular, the proteins forming phycobilisomal complexes were abundant. Comparison of interphase with metaphase revealed that CMG086C (aminomethyltransferase) notably increased in interphase. CMN235C (similar to chlorophyll a/b‐binding protein, CP24) increased in metaphase in agreement with a previously performed microarray analysis. Both CMQ295C (cell division protein FtsH) and CMS004C (plastid division protein FtsZ) increased in interphase. Seven proteins were detected to be interphase‐specific, and 12 proteins were metaphase‐specific. Proteins of unknown functions were poorly characterized by homology search, although thioredoxin‐like domains were predicted in several proteins.
Patrilocality in the Harivamsa’s Visnuparvan

This article suggests that the principle of patrilocality, as espoused by Krsna and Baladeva, can be applied as an interpretive frame to almost all of the narrative material that Vaisampayana presents to Janamejaya in the Harivamsa’s Visnuparvan (Hv 46–113), and that the principle of patrilocality is thus a key theme of the Visnuparvan, with Krsna and Baladeva as its heroes. This suggestion is supported by an overview of the Visnuparvan’s narrative from beginning to end, in eleven sections which repeatedly feature—or can be interpreted to feature—conflict with in-law families about where a couple will have children, and which of the two families the children will be raised for.
Discovering Escherichia coli K-12 Promoter Features Using Convolutional Neural Network

The mechanism of prokaryotic gene expression remains incompletely understood. Promoters are regions in genome that locating upstream to genes and regulate of gene expressions. Despite more and more E. coli K-12 promoter sequences have been obtained experimentally, and some regions such as -10 region and -30 region have been described, the features in promoter sequences are far from explicitly characterized. Here, we address this challenge using an approach based on the deep convolutional neural network (CNN). We collected six classes of E. coli K-12 promoter sequences which are all annotated as with strong evidence and belong to only one promoter class in RegulonDB database. Then, we applied the CNN model to recognize the six classes of promoters. The CNN model achieved an accuracy of above 97% for all six classes of promoters. Next, we extracted the weight matrix of the last convolution layer in CNN with the Grad-Cam algorithm, and convert the weight matrix to an information content matrix. Finally, we visualized the information content matrix as promoter logos using the logomaker tool and discover the promoter features in six classes of promoters. Our approach could not only find the previous described promoter feature regions, but could also discover promoter features with better sensitivity and accuracy. We provide a novel computational approach to discover features in biological sequences.
A review of the French Protonemura (Plecoptera, Nemouridae)

In this revision of the 25 French Protonemura, two new taxa are described : P. zhiltzovae sp. n. and P. ausonia padana ssp. n. Moreover, P. spinulosa (Navas 1921) is restored to the species level. Affinities, etymology, ecology and distribution are commented on for each species. Identification keys and drawings are given for males and females. Finally, Protonemura distributions within the main French mountainous massifs are discussed.
Fontes de fibra de coprodutos agroindustriais protéicos para coelhos em crescimento

The objective of this paper was to study the influence of fiber fractions from different sources (alfalfa hay, linseed bran and corn gluten meal) on performance, digestibility coefficients and meat characteristics of growing rabbits. The animals were distributed into a completely randomized design with three treatments and eight replications, with one reference and two test diets: AH- control diet, with alfalfa hay; LB- total substitution of alfalfa hay by linseed bran and GM- total substitution of alfalfa hay by corn gluten meal. The data were submitted to variance analysis and the averages were compared by Duncan test (P<.05). The largest amount of hemicellulose and the low hydration capacity of the diets AF and GM proportioned greater animals live weight at 89 days of age (2123 and 1934 g, respectively) versus 1797 g of the animals fed with the diet LB and better digestibility coeficients of DM and OM (average of 80.80 for DM and 81.76% for OM, respectively) in relation to diet LB (73.86 and 75.84%, respectively). The diet GM showed a higher digestibility coefficient of NDF (56.59%) against the average of 33.11% for the other diets. The shear force was lower for meat from animals fed with AH and GM (1.90 and 1.63 kgf) compared to LB (2.33 kgf) (P<.05), which indicates meat tenderness. The corn gluten meal proportioned live weight to the animals at 89 days of age similar to the alfalfa hay. The linseed bran, due to large amount of soluble fiber and high hydration capacity, impaired animal performance and meat tenderness.
Hábitos alimentarios e interacciones tróficas de Anisotremus interruptus (Pisces: Haemulidae) y Lutjanus argentiventris (Pisces: Lutjanidae) en el Pacífico Central Mexicano

Stomachs of adults of Anisotremus interruptus and Lutjanus argentiventris adults were collected to analyze the prey items of each species and trophic interactions during an upwelling season in the central Mexican Pacific. We identified 79 prey items grouped into 15 food categories. The diet of A. interruptus consists mainly of micro invertebrates (amphipods and crustacean larvae), holothurians and ophiuroids. L argentiventris feeds on macro invertebrates (shrimps, crabs and stomatopods), fish and cephalopods. Both species have a generalist feeding strategy and low dietary overlap. The diet of these species is related to the mouth shape opening.
Feminist Thinking

Elizabeth Fox-Genovese, Feminism Without Illusions: A Critique of Individualism, University of North Carolina Press, 1991, pp. 347, $27.45; Janet Wolff, Feminine Sentences: Essays on Women and Culture, Polity Press, 1990, pp. 146, £29.50, £9.95 pb; Mary Eagleton (ed.), Feminist Literary Criticism, Longman, 1991, pp. 241, pb. £8.99; Jennifer Birkett and Elizabeth Harvey, (eds.), Determined Women: Studies in the Construction of the Female Subject 1900-90, Macmillan, 1991, pp. 213, pb. £14.99.
Structural Transformation, Trade Policies and Income Distributional Impacts: A Computable General Equilibrium Model of India

The liberalization and globalization process which India initiated in the 1990s have been carried on successfully and this has taken the economy to higher growth path of more than 8 per cent GDP growth post-2000. However, there is no substantial achievement on the income distributional front and there are no convincing studies to empirically demonstrate the impact of various domestic and global policies of India on income inequality. This study proposed to simulate alternative scenario of external shocks and counterbalancing trade policies on income accounts of different groups of households classified by consumption expenditure by rural and urban using computable general equilibrium (CGE) modelling. The data pertain to social accounting matrix (SAM) of 2006–2007 for India. Apart from policies, it is also looked at the income distributional impacts of various anticipated structural changes in the domestic economy that will influence the Indian trade. Alternative GDP growth scenarios give a clear picture that higher GDP growth does not favour agriculture sector. Rural income share has come down from 61 to 56 per cent. It has a structural bias towards urban rich. This is a challenge for planners as the real issue is how to make agriculture progress when the economy is moving towards higher growth path. Among the policy scenarios, it is found that reduction in foreign capital inflow renders biggest loss to rural areas.
From signal to form: aspects of the cytoskeleton-plasma membrane-cell wall continuum in root hair tips.

Root hairs are excellent cells for the study of the exocytotic process that leads to growth in higher plants, because the exocytotic event takes place locally and because the cells are directly accessible for signals, drugs, fixatives, microinjection, and microscopic observation. Well-characterized lipochitooligosaccharides, signal molecules excreted by Rhizobium bacteria, induce root hair growth which can be recorded microscopically in a root hair deformation assay developed for Vicia sativa L. Root hair deformation is a morphogenetic process involving swelling of the hair tip and subsequent new hair outgrowth from that swelling. This response to the signal occurs at a specific developmental stage, namely when hairs are terminating growth. Thus, since polar growth can be triggered intentionally, the system allows the study of growth phenomena in higher plants at the cellular level. Furthermore, important advances are being made with molecular genetics that will allow the unravelling of the signal transduction pathways in root hair morphogenesis leading to growth. This paper first discusses cytological phenomena involved in the process of polar growth, such as cytoplasmic polarity, cytoplasmic streaming and the organization of actin filaments, the location of a spectrin-like antigen, the distribution of intracellular calcium, cortical microtubules and cell wall texture, endocytosis by means of coated pits, and physical aspects of the incorporation of exocytotic vesicles into the plasma membrane. In the second part, changes are discussed that occur in some of these phenomena when growth is influenced by growth regulators and mutations.
Transforming growth factor-β1 incorporated during setting in calcium phosphate cement stimulates bone cell differentiation in vitro

Growth stimulation of periimplant tissues by growth factors like transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) may increase the indication for and success of implant use. Calcium phosphate as a material for implants or for coating of implants is known for its good biologic interaction with bone. Therefore, calcium phosphate implants combined with TGF-beta1 might improve osseointegration. In this study we hypothesise that the addition of recombinant human TGF-beta1 (rhTGF-beta1) to calcium phosphate cement (CPC) affects the differentiation of bone cells growing on the cement layer. rhTGF-beta1 incorporated during setting in a CPC layer at 20 ng rhTGF-beta1/60 mg cement was found to be gradually released into tissue culturing medium leading to a 20% release after 24 h. Two cell populations were obtained from collagenase-treated fragments of adult rat long bones: preosteoblastic cells, which were released by the collagenase treatment, and osteoblastic cells, which grew from the collagenase-stripped bone fragments. Both cell populations were tested for their osteoblastic characteristic phenotype by measuring their alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity after vitamin D treatment and cyclic AMP after parathyroid hormone stimulation. After preculture the cells were plated on a layer of CPC containing 0 (control), 10, or 20 ng rhTGF-beta1/60 mg CPC. Bone cell differentiation was analyzed after 10 days by measuring the ALP activity, as well as the protein content of the cell layer. Incorporation of rhTGF-beta1 in the CPC did not change the ALP activity in osteoblastic cells, but a significant (analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance) increase was observed in preosteoblastic cells. Incorporation of 10 ng of rhTGF-beta1 in 60 mg of CPC increased the ALP activity in preosteoblastic cells by threefold and 20 ng rhTGF-beta1/60 mg CPC increased it by fivefold. The total protein content was not affected by rhTGF-beta1 in either of the cell populations. We conclude that rhTGF-beta1 incorporated during setting in CPC stimulates the differentiation of preosteoblastic cells in vitro. These results provide a basis for further studies on the use of this combination as an implant material in vivo.