Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Üç Boyutlu T1 Ağırlıklı Manyetik Rezonans Görüntülerinde Ön İşleme Yöntemleri

T1 agirlikli uc boyutlu yapisal manyetik rezonans goruntuleme, hastaliklardan dolayi beyinde meydana gelen doku bozukluklari ve hacimsel kayiplarin yuksek cozunurlukte goruntulenmesini saglayan bir goruntuleme teknigidir. Bu goruntuleme teknigi ile hastaya disaridan herhangi bir mudahale yapilmadan goruntuler alinabilmektedir. Fiziksel olarak goruntu aliminin temelinde radyo frekans teknolojisi bulunmaktadir. Oncelikle beyinde bulunan hidrojen atomlarindaki protonlarin etkilesime girecegi bir radyo frekans dalga gonderilir. Radyo frekans dalgasi durduruldugunda protonlar eski durumlarina geri donmek egilimindedir. Eski durumlarina donerken, yaydiklari enerji bir akim olarak toplanir ve induklenir, daha sonra goruntu Fourier donusumleri ile elde edilir. Goruntuler istege gore farkli sekanslarda alinabilir. Her bir sekansin hastaliga gore klinikte farkli ayirt edici ozellikleri bulunmaktadir. Manyetik rezonans goruntuleri birbirini takip eden kesitlerden olusur. Hastalik herhangi bir kesitte gozlemlenebilecegi gibi birbirini takip eden birkac kesitin beraber analiz edilmesi ile de gorulebilmektedir. Manyetik rezonans goruntu sekanslari icerisinde en cok kullanilan goruntuler uc boyutlu T1 agirlikli goruntulerdedir. Bu sekansta yumusak beyin dokusu yuksek cozunurlukte goruntulenebildigi icin hacimsel bozukluklar, dejenerasyon, simetri bozulmasi, doku bozulmasi, beyin kuculmesi ve buyumesi gibi bircok kati degisiklikler net bir sekilde izlenebilmektedir. Elde edilen goruntuler hastanelerde radyologlar tarafindan analiz edilerek yorumlanmaktadir. Ancak ozellikle yapay zeka ve siniflandirma calismalarinda birtakim sayisal araclara ihtiyac duyulmaktadir. Bu sayisal araclarin kullanilabilmesi icin goruntuler uzerinde bazi on islemelerin yapilmasi gerekmektedir. Bu calismada T1 agirlikli uc boyutlu yapisal manyetik rezonans goruntulerinin on isleme yontemlerinden olan eksen donusturme, goruntu reoryantasyonu, normalizasyon, modulasyon, segmentasyon, birlikte cakistirma, gurultu ve bias giderme, yumusatma, beyin disi yapilarin giderilmesi incelenmistir. On isleme icin kullanilan sayisal araclarin nasil ve hangi sirada kullanilacagi tanimlanmis ve uc boyutlu bir manyetik rezonans goruntu uzerinde uygulamalari yapilmistir.
Send Hardest Problems My Way: Probabilistic Path Prioritization for Hybrid Fuzzing

Hybrid fuzzing which combines fuzzing and concolic execution has become an advanced technique for software vulnerability detection. Based on the observation that fuzzing and concolic execution are complementary in nature, the stateof-the-art hybrid fuzzing systems deploy “demand launch” and “optimal switch” strategies. Although these ideas sound intriguing, we point out several fundamental limitations in them, due to oversimplified assumptions. We then propose a novel “discriminative dispatch” strategy to better utilize the capability of concolic execution. We design a novel Monte Carlo based probabilistic path prioritization model to quantify each path’s difficulty and prioritize them for concolic execution. This model treats fuzzing as a random sampling process. It calculates each path’s probability based on the sampling information. Finally, our model prioritizes and assigns the most difficult paths to concolic execution. We implement a prototype system DigFuzz and evaluate our system with two representative datasets. Results show that the concolic execution in DigFuzz outperforms than those in state-of-the-art hybrid fuzzing systems in every major aspect. In particular, the concolic execution in DigFuzz contributes to discovering more vulnerabilities (12 vs. 5) and producing more code coverage (18.9% vs. 3.8%) on the CQE dataset than the concolic execution in Driller.
Reengineering the Cardiac Catheterization Lab Processes: A Lean Approach

This paper presents a cross-functional effort in a US community hospital for an overall process improvement in its Cardiac Catheterization Lab (CCL). One of the key system performance metrics identified was the patient turnaround time. The objective of this study was to identify the sources of delays in the system that lead to prolonged patient turnaround time using a structured lean approach. A set of qualitative recommendations were proposed and implemented. Quantification of some of these recommendations and certain additional ‘what-if’ scenarios were evaluated using Discrete Event Simulation (DES). The simulation results showed that significant reduction in patient turnaround time could be achieved if the proposed recommendations were implemented. This study demonstrated the benefits of adopting the lean philosophy in the continuous process improvement journey in the healthcare delivery arena.
WHO EMRO | Développement d’un programme d’enseignement national fondé sur les compétences pour les infirmiers techniciens en Égypte

Nursing in Egypt has evolved over recent decades. Development has accelerated following recent government recognition of the contribution nurses make to healthcare access, quality and delivery. A vision to enhance nursing capacity resulted in a recent mandate requiring all nursing curricula to be competency based. Concurrently, the Educational Development Fund of the Egyptian Cabinet of Ministers drafted a nursing educational plan including a strategy to develop and implement a contextually congruent educational model with proven success comparable to international standards. This report discusses the 4-year curriculum development project designed to upgrade the current technical-level nursing curriculum to a consistent competency-based model. The competency-based educational model will be trialled in 3 technical institutes before nationwide rollout and implementation. Details of the project plan are described, including an overview of curriculum development considerations. This report
Massive binaries and the enrichment of the interstellar medium in globular clusters

Abstract Abundance anomalies observed in globular cluster stars indicate pollution with material processed by hydrogen burning. Two main sources have been suggested: asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars and massive stars rotating near the break-up limit (spin stars). We discuss the idea that massive binaries may provide an interesting alternative source of processed material. We discuss observational evidence for mass shedding from interacting binaries. In contrast to the fast, radiatively driven winds of massive stars, this material is typically ejected with low velocity. We expect that it remains inside the potential well of a globular cluster and becomes available for the formation or pollution of a second generation of stars. We estimate that the amount of processed low-velocity material that can be ejected by massive binaries is larger than the contribution of the two previously suggested sources combined.
A True Decentralized Implementation Based on IoT and Blockchain: a Vehicle Accident Use Case

In this paper, we will present a new model of distributed ledger-based IoT network, in which we combined Hyperledger Sawtooth as blockchain with Inter Planetary File System (IPFS) as a distributed storage system. The combination of these two types of distributed ledger technologies can allow more efficient data storage than in other blockchain implementations. This work was initiated by the automotive manufacturer Renault based on the idea of a new ecosystem of smart vehicles containing IoT devices. We will focus on an accident use case. After the accident, the cars send their data to a dedicated smart contract. We will also describe furthermore our implementation, the characteristics of Hyperledger Sawtooth and IPFS and finally, we demonstrate the realistic feasibility of this implementation by latency measurements.
Money Laundering in the Perspective of Local Culture and Banking Law in Indonesia

The research aims to describe money laundering in the context of local culture and banking law. The research differs to previous studies that stress merely on individual and institutional aspects. 36 cases is observed and made as qualitative study material using normative law method. Research result shows that local culture, especially catur purusa artha , believed by the society is giving no truth space in gaining wealth in the right way. Based on the banking law, the principle of know the customers as a weapon to close the movement of money laundering should be strongly implemented by bank management. Keywords: local culture, money laundering, banking law
Chemical Composition Evaluation and Ruminal Protein Kinetics of Some Feedstuffs Using a Gas and Ammonia Production in vitro Method

Chemical determinations and kinetics studies of nitrogen compounds of 24 concentrate feedstuffs and 10 grasses were made using the concentrations of soluble nitrogen in TCA and gas production. It was used 200 mL of ruminal fluid and 800 mL of medium for 100 vessels. It was used 1.0 g of trypticase and 0.1 mL of microminerals solution to prepare 400 mL of medium. It was used 0.8 g of ammonium bicarbonate and 7 g of sodium bicarbonate to prepare 200 mL of buffer solution and, to prepare 200 mL of macromineral solution, 1.15 g of Na2HPO4 anhydrous, 1.25 g of KH2PO4 anhydrous and 0.1 g of MgSO4.7H2O were weighed. Reducing solution was prepared with 0.64 g of cysteine-HCL, 0.64 g of sodium sulfide and 4 mL of 1N NaOH. The disappearance of nitrogen compounds of feedstuffs was determined at 6 and 12 hours, where 1.875 mg of N was incubated with 0, 33, 67, 100 mg oh starch, 6 mL of medium, 4 mL of ruminal fluid-medium mixture and 0.1 mL of reducing solution using CO2. Data of degradation rates indicated that corn gluten feed, casein, dry grounded peanut grain, cassava rasp, sorghum silage with or without inoculum, corn silage and honeygrass showed the highest rates of protein degradation and the slowest degradation rates were obtained by sugar cane yeast, feather meal, fish meal, broiler litter using wood rind as adsorvent and signalgrass. Estimates of degradation rates of forage feedstuffs were higher than degradation rates estimated previously by an inhibitor method. It is recommended to use 12 hours for incubation of concentrate feedstuffs and 6 hours for grasses.
Intentional Reimplantation of Left Lower Second Molar as an Alternative to Extraction: A Case Report

In patients who need endodontic re-treatment, and where the prognosis for surgical or non-surgical re-treatment is poor or treatment may be risky, one alternative is to opt for extraction of the affected tooth and replacement by an implant. However treatment by intentional reimplantation (IR) is also a possibility. The object of the present study was to present a case of a patient aged 71 years who needed endodontic re-treatment, where IR treatment was selected. The patient reported spontaneous pain which disappeared completely with the use of analgesics. This tooth had previously been treated endodontically around 1 year earlier, and no pain was reported in the first two months after treatment.Nonetheless, about 3 months before the present consultation, intensity of the symptoms had increased with a sensation of pressure in the apical-coronal direction. Cone-beam computerised tomography (CBCT) showed a periapical lesion in tooth 3.7. Based on the clinical and imaging examinations, acute apical periodontitis was diagnosed in tooth 3.7. The tooth was treated by IR. It was carefully extracted and inspected for cracks or perforations. It was treated under the microscope with root resection, and then retrograde obturation was carried out with bioceramic material. The tooth was then repositioned in its alveolus. It was immobilised for 15 days, after which the patient could return gradually to normal masticatory function. In the 6 months check-up the patient presented no pain or sensitivity to percussion. No root resorption or periapical radiolucency was observed in the periapical X-ray. We conclude that IR is an alternative to extraction followed or not by prosthetic treatment, for patients who need endodontic re-treatment. The treatment presents good levels of success, and of acceptance by the patient.
Hidden Order Transition in URu$_2$Si$_2$: Evidence for the Emergence of a Coherent Anderson Lattice from Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy

Using a slave-boson approach, we demonstrate that the differential conductance and quasiparticle interference pattern measured in recent scanning tunneling spectroscopy experiments [Schmidt et al., Nature (London) 465, 570 (2010); Aynajian et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107, 10383 (2010)] in URu2Si2 are consistent with the emergence of a coherent Anderson lattice below the hidden order transition (HOT). Its formation is driven by a significant increase in the quasiparticle lifetime, which could arise from the emergence of a yet unknown order parameter at the HOT.
Physiological requirements in triathlon

Millet GP, Vleck VE, Bentley DJ. Physiological requirements in triathlon. J. Hum. Sport Exerc. Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 184-204, 2011. This article aims to present the current knowledge on physiological requirements in Olympic distance and Ironman triathlon. Showing the data available from a “traditional point of view” (aerobic power, anaerobic threshold, heart rate, running economy) and from a “contemporary” point of view (V O2 kinetics), it
Determinants of the Business Performance of Women Entrepreneurs in the Developing World Context

Resource-based theory posits the deployment of resources by entrepreneurs to achieve performance without questioning the possibility of deploying these resources. The question, however, remains how resources are deployed in developing countries that constrain the choice in the deployment of resources. To answer this, we analyse the factors determining the business performance of women entrepreneurs in a developing country context. Data were collected through a survey sent to 211 Bangladeshi women entrepreneurs engaged in handicraft businesses. Results from hierarchical multiple regression analyses show that (1) the social environment in terms of socio-cultural norms and customs hinders the performance; (2) the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) dimensions, namely, combined Innovative–proactive EO and Risk-taking EO, and the business trainings positively affect the performance; and (3) the social ties negatively influence the performance, which may be due to the excessive presence of strong ties in a personal social network. Based on results, we suggest that environment (context) is a contingent factor for the way personal traits such as EO, human, and social capital can be used by women entrepreneurs to achieve performance in a developing world context.
COMPRESSIVE IMAGING WITH COMPLEX WAVELET TRANSFORM AND TURBO APPROXIMATE MESSAGE PASSING RECONSTRUCTION

We extend the “turbo” belief propagation framework for compressive imaging to the dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT) to exploit both sparsity and dependency across scales. Due to the near shift-invariance property and the improved angular resolution of DT-CWT, better reconstruction can be expected when incorporating with the compressed sensing (CS) algorithms. Two types priors to form the hidden Markov tree structure for the DT-CWT coefficients are considered. One models the real and imaginary components of DT-CWT separately while the other assumes the shared hidden states between the two. Simulation with natural images confirm an improved performance when iterating between the CS reconstruction and the DT-CWT HMT.
Construction and Validation of a Video Coding Tool for an Intervention to Improve Parental Feeding

Home-based interventions have used video-recorded meals to assess feeding practices, yet no studies have used videos to directly provide feedback on the practices observed. This study describes the development and initial validation of a video coding tool to assess feeding practices observed in video-recorded family meals in order to provide feedback to caregivers. The tool with operational definitions was developed based on the previous literature and other tools that capture caregiver feeding practices. To assess face validity, a sample of child feeding experts (n = 6) reviewed the tool and completed an 8-item online survey. Usability and content were assessed on a scale of 0–100, with 100 representing high usability and importance, respectively. The tool was modified based on expert feedback and used by trained research assistants to code 10 video-recorded family meals. Inter-rater reliability (IRR) was calculated and 3 videos were then randomly selected and coded by each research assistant at two different time points to assess test re-test reliability. Expert ratings of tool usability (81.83 ± 11.67) and content (87.67 ± 13.98) included feedback regarding the need to expand the operational definitions to better code practices, in particular with regards to pressure and encouragement. They also suggested merging practices, such as nutrition education and reasoning, which may be difficult to discern in an observational setting. Average IRR was 86.4% with pressure (75.1%) and encouragement (66.9%) having the lowest rates of agreement between coders. Limited choices (100%) and restriction (95.9%) had the highest rates of agreement. For test re-test reliability, the average agreement between the two timepoints was 80.0%. Following the feedback from experts, the face validity of the developed tool improved, and the inter-rater reliability and test re-test reliability of the tool was acceptable. Future studies should focus on the expansion of operational definitions and training efforts to further improve inter-rater and test re-test reliabilities. This work was supported by the National Institutes on Health National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute [Tovar/R34HL 140,229].
The Effects of Gender Sex on Cardiopulmonary Responses to Acute Normobaric Hypoxia Sex and Cardiopulmonary Responses to Normobaric Hypoxia

Acute hypoxia leads to a number of recognised changes in cardiopulmonary function including and acute increase in pulmonary artery systolic pressure. However, the comparative responses between men and women have been barely explored. Fourteen young healthy adult Caucasian subjects were studied at sea level rest and then after >150 minutes exposure to acute normobaric hypoxia (NH) equivalent to 4800m and again at sea level rest at two hours post NH exposure. Cardiac function, using transthoracic echocardiography, physiological variables and Lake Louise Scores for acute mountain sickness (AMS) were collected.
Are Thyroid Hormone and Tumor Cell Proliferation in Human Breast Cancers Positive for HER 2 Associated ?

Objective. This study investigated whether thyroid hormone (TH) levels are correlated to cell proliferation (Ki67), in euthyroid breast cancer patients.Design andMethods. 86 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients with estrogen receptor (ER) positive tumors, who referred for surgery, were included in the study. Results. FT3, FT4, and TSH were within normal range. No correlation was seen between Ki67 and FT3 (r = −0.17, P = 0.15), FT4 (r = −0.13, P = 0.25), or TSH (r = −0.10, P = 0.39) in all patients studied. However, subgroup analysis showed that, in HER2(+) patients, a negative correlation existed between FT3 levels and Ki67 (r = −0.60 and P = 0.004) but not between Ki67 and FT4 (r = 0.04 and P = 0.85) or TSH (r = −0.23 and P = 0.30). In HER2(−) patients, there was no significant correlation between Ki67 and FT3 (r = −0.06, P = 0.67), FT4 (r = −0.15, P = 0.26), or TSH (r = −0.09, P = 0.49). Phospho-p44/total p44 ERK levels were found to be increased by 2-fold in HER2(+) versus HER2(−) tumors. No difference was detected in phospho-p42/total p42 ERK levels. Conclusions. TH profile is not altered in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer. However, FT3 levels, even within normal range, are negatively correlated with cell proliferation in HER2(+) breast cancer tumors. This response may be due to the interaction between ERK and TH signaling.
Biodegradation of Starch Blended High Density Polyethylene using Marine Bacteria Associated with Biofilm Formation and its Isolation

The biofouling and biodegradation of starch blended high density polyethylene (HDPE) was studied by immersing it in Bay of Bengal (India) for a period of six months. A positive correlation was observed amongst the various constituents in the biofilm. FTIR spectrum showed the formation of C-O stretching band and decrease in ester and keto carbonyl bands indicating biodegradation. 17% weight loss was observed, while the polymer surface turned hydrophilic. Twenty two bacterial strains were isolated from the biofilm and biochemically characterized. 16sRNA sequence analysis was performed for three strains. In vitro biodegradation of the polymer exposed to sunlight for 150 days incubated with the isolated pure strain (Exiguobacterium) and combination of two strains (Exiguobacterium and B. subtilis) for 75 days, showed a gravimetric weight loss of 4.7 and 12.1% respectively indicating synergy between the two organisms. The current study indicated, the isolated microorganisms could degrade starch blended HDPE.
The relationship between aesthetics, perceived value and buying intention: a literature review and conceptual framework

This research aims to synthesize the scales of aesthetics, the perceived value of the consumers for the intention to buy smartphones. At the same time, this analyzes the relationship between aesthetics, perceived value and intention to purchase, thereby the study suggests the research model which can be applied in other places, other contexts, and related fields. The method in this study is to summarize the systematics theories and compare the relevant studies. As a result, this research can develop research hypotheses. The main results of the proposed model are to explore the scales and find out the relationship between aesthetics, perceived value and intention to buy smartphones directly and indirectly. Moreover, empirical research can, based on the proposed conceptual framework, be studied for different countries or technology-related products such as computers, tablets, and other smart devices.
Application of Polygonal Finite Elements to Two-Dimensional Mechanical and Electro-Mechanically Coupled Problems

Naturally evolving Voronoi discretisation of two-dimensional plane domains renders representative microstructures that turn out to be useful for the modelling and simulation of polycrystalline materials. Hybrid finite element approaches are employed on such polygonal discretisations to solve, for instance, mechanical and electromechanical problems within a finite element context. In view of solving mechanical problems, varying order of polynomial functions are suggested in the literature to sufficiently approximate stresses within the polygonal finite elements. These are, in addition to the order of the approximation functions for the displacements, characterised by the number of edges in the polygonal elements. It appears, as demonstrated in this work, that the naturally evolving Voronoi discretisations exhibit a specific property when combined with a hybrid polygonal finite element approach. This property allows the choice of stress approximating functions in polygonal finite elements to be based only on the order of the displacement approximating functions regardless of the number of edges in the element. Such a relation also appears to hold in coupled electromechanical problems between the approximating functions for the electric displacements and the electric potential. The realisation of such a property is demonstrated through several standard numerical examples and also with an application on a representative piezoceramic microstructure. (Less)