Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contribution of fine-scale vertical structure and swimming behavior to formation of plankton layers on Georges Bank

The roles of plankton behavior, stratification, and microstructure in the formation of fine-scale plankton layers were examined using a 3-dimensional video plankton recorder mounted on a remotely operated vehicle. Vertically compressed plankton patches were observed in associa- tion with a cold pool over the Southern Flank of Georges Bank, extending from the tidal mixing front to the shelf-slope break during the months of May and June, 1994, 1995, 1997. In June 1995, 3 major plankton layers were present: a 10 m thick layer above the thermocline, a 1 m thick layer within the thermocline, and a third, 2 to 5 m thick layer immediately below the thermocline. Energy dissipation rate was lowest in the central layer and increased in both top and bottom layers. Some passive organ- isms and particles, e.g. the colonial diatom Chaetoceros socialis and rod-shaped diatoms, were con- centrated in all 3 layers, while marine snow particles were found only in transitional regions. All stages of Calanus spp. were present in high numbers on the fringes of all 3 layers, while Oithona sp. was found only in the thin, central layer. Plankton were significantly aggregated only when the motility number, Mn (i.e. ratio of plankton swimming speed/rms turbulent velocity) was greater than 3, suggesting dominance of plankton behavior over physical structure. Under both quiescent and turbulent conditions, the Lagrangian frequency spectra (f ) for swimming plankton and passive particles decreased with a slope of f -2 . However, in quiescent conditions, the magnitude of the spec- trum for swimming plankton was 10-fold greater than for passive particles, illustrating a decoupling of plankton swimming from turbulent eddies. The air/water interface, the pycnocline, and multiple shear interfaces at density discontinuities act as boundaries to vertical zones where plankton be- havior may succumb to or dominate background microstructure, thus providing a mechanism for formation of plankton and particulate layers.
INVERTIBLE CONTRACTIONS AND ASYMPTOTICALLY STABLE ODE’S THAT ARE NOT C-LINEARIZABLE

We present an example of a contraction diffeomorphism in infinite dimensions that is not C-linearizable, and we construct a regular ordinary differential equation in a Hilbert space whose time-one map is that diffeomorphism. With this we have an example of an asymptotically stable ODE that is not C-conjugate to its linear part.
METHODOLOGY FOR THE CREATION OF VALUE CHAINS ADAPTED TO TECHNICAL AND RADICAL INNOVATION

Innovation, however beneficial for a company, introduces risks proportional to the degree of disruption caused by the suggested innovation. Moreover, the new product development process includes several operational, tactical and strategical decisions: new technologies involved, implementation and adjustment of manufacturing processes, make or buy decision, innovation protection, market introduction . Alternatives considered for each of these decisions can be translated into significantly different industrial and commercial scenarios. These scenarios will result in the creation and destruction of values for each stakeholder of the project and in a certain level of risk induced. In order to maximize this value creation and minimize the risks and value destruction, it is essential to have beforehand an accurate model of this value flow. In this article we describe a methodology that aims to simulate the value creation for each of these scenarios and apply it to the case of a small aeronautics integrator.
Effects of dietary administration of yarrow extract on growth performance and blood biochemical parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The present study was conducted to investigate the clinical effects and possible side effects of yarrow extract ( Achillea millefolium L.) as feed additive on biochemical blood parameters and growth performance of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ). Fishes were treated with 0 (control), 0.1, 0.5 and 1% of yarrow extract for 30 days. Plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatine kinase (CK), peroxidase activity, total complement and lysozyme activity, glucose, total protein, triglyceride and cholesterol were measured after 15 and 30 days of yarrow treatment. There were no significant changes in the lysozyme activity and glucose levels. Total protein and globulin levels were significantly higher in the fish fed with diets enriched with 1% yarrow extract on day 30. Triglyceride and cholesterol levels was significantly decreased in the fish fed with diets containing 0.5% and 1% yarrow extract on day 30 ( P <0.05). LDH, CK and peroxidase activities in the fish fed with diets having 1% yarrow extract were significantly decreased at the end of the experiment ( P <0.05). In contrast, a significant increase in AST, ALP and total complement activity was observed in the fish fed with 1% yarrow extract diet, on day 15 ( P <0.05). The weight gain and specific growth rate increased and food conversion ratio decreased in in the fish fed 1% yarrow extract on day 30. Condition factor in the fish fed with yarrow extract was significantly higher than control group on 30 day. In conclusion, on the basis of these results, oral administration of yarrow extract up to 0.5% have not side effect on blood biochemical and clinical parameters of fishes. However, oral administration of 1% of yarrow extract caused cytotoxicity and modifications in blood biochemical parameters of fish.
Designing an Instructional Model for Smart Technology—Enhanced Team-Based Learning

The purpose of this study is to explore and develop a new instructional approach to a technology-enhanced collaborative learning environment called Smart technology-enhanced Team-Based Learning (denoted as S-TBL). We designed a novel instructional model that combines mobile technology, collaborative teamwork, problem-solving process, and a variety of evaluation techniques in the perspective of a conventional team-based model. Team-Based Learning (TBL) is an instructional model that is based on procedures for developing high performance learning teams that can enhance the quality of student learning in various fields. TBL has the following defining characteristics and procedures: (1) Lesson Panning, (2) Pre-Class Preparation, (3) Readiness Assurance Process, and (4) Application Exercises. The traditional TBL has been implemented across a broad range disciplines and school levels, and proven to be educationally effective in various academic domains. We believe emerging technologies that are now available in classrooms will bring us new opportunities to maximize the merits of TBL even further. Along with the revision of the traditional TBL model, we integrated smart learning technologies (such as iPad or Galaxy Tab for 1:1 mobile computing): 1) to provide a holistic learning environment that integrates learning resources (including reading assignments), assessment tools, and problem solving spaces; and 2) to enhance collaboration and communication between team members, and between an instructor and students. The S-TBL instructional approach combines: 1) individual learning and collaborative team learning; 2) conceptual learning and problem-solving & critical thinking; 3) individual assessment and group assessment; 4) self-directed learning and teacher-led instruction; and 5) personal reflection and publication.
A Contribution to Documenting and Validating Dynamic Interaction Effects

On structures carrying humans (e.g. floors, grandstands in stadia etc.) there may be two different types of crowds present: Active and passive crowds of people. The active crowd, comprising people in motion, may generate dynamic loads causing the structure to vibrate. The passive (stationary) crowd, e.g. humans sitting or standing on the structure, interact dynamically with the structure in a passive sense and this crowd influences the dynamic characteristics of the structure such as its damping capacity. The paper looks into the dynamic interaction between the passive (stationary) crowd and a floor in vertical motion. The mechanism of crowd-structure interaction is not well understood and the primary aim of the paper is to present results of experimental investigations documenting effects of crowd-structure interaction and to exploring the validity of a crowd-structure interaction model. Controlled laboratory tests, employing a vibrating test floor carrying stationary crowds of people, are designed and carried out to investigate the dynamic interaction. The paper describes the tests and the modal identification procedures employed for the assessment of model validity. Besides from aspects of model validation, the experimental results also illustrate some of the essential implications of crowd-structure interaction. NOMENCLATURE fF Floor frequency f1 Empty floor frequency f2 Crowd frequency ζF Floor damping ζ1 Empty floor damping ζ2 Crowd damping w2 Weight of person m1 Empty floor modal mass m2 Crowd modal mass k Spring stiffness c Damping coefficient λ System root M Mass matrix C Damping matrix K Stiffness matrix
Homo sapiens 2

The new communication media are now ubiquitous in the modern world. During the past decade Internet, PC, and mobile phone have become common elements in our daily life. The development and spreading of these technologies has created a situation where a major part of our social structure is formed by the new convergent technology. We live an online existence, where PC, Internet, and mobile phone are becoming inescapable in workplace, education, and leisure. The spread of broadband technology in society, at home and work, eradicates time and space as limiting factors for interaction with others, for information access, and for participation in new self – formation and identity processes. Based on my contribution in the book The Role of Language in Human Life (forthcoming), I will use my time here to focus on two topics:  The debate about the social consequences of the new media  How can one interpret the mediated interactions of agents in a sociological perspective? Dealing with these topics, I will focus on some social and cultural aspects of the new media and, based on the sociologist Anthony Giddens’ theory of modernity, discuss some of the characteristics of the debate.
On the influence of solar activity on the mid-latitude sporadic E layer

To investigate the influence of solar cycle variability on the sporadic E layer (Es), hourly measurements of the critical frequency of the Es ordinary mode of propagation, fo Es, and of the blanketing frequency of the Es layer, fb Es, recorded from January 1976 to December 2009 at the Rome (Italy) ionospheric station (41.8° N, 12.5° E), were examined. The results are: (1) a high positive correlation between the F10.7 solar index and fo Es as well as between F10.7 and fb Es, both for the whole data set and for each solar cycle separately, the correlation between F10.7 and fb Es being much higher than the one between F10.7 and fo Es; (2) a decreasing long-term trend of the F10.7, fo Es and fb Es time series, with fo Es decreasing more rapidly than F10.7 and fb Es; (3) clear and statistically significant peaks at 11 years in the fo Es and fb Es time series, inferred from Lomb-Scargle periodograms.
Library of MATLAB Modules for Solving and Visualizing Electromagnetics Problems

Students that possess a firm grasp of the fundamentals involved in solving electrostatics and electrodynamics problems are well equipped to proceed in the fields of electrical and biomedical engineering. Relevant concepts hold true for more advanced course work and can provide a basis for research into a variety of areas. This paper introduces a library of simple MATLAB based modules employed to facilitate both the instruction and understanding of electromagnetics concepts for educators and students. Topics covered include: the electric field, surface and volume charges, material constitutive parameters, reflection and transmission in free space and between different media, wave polarization, critical angle, power transfer, Zenneck surface waves, plasmons, trapped surface waves, and surface impedance. These modules may augment undergraduate and graduate classes in electrical and computer engineering, biomedical engineering, and introductory physics and many have been created to complement Ulaby’s Fundamentals of Applied Electromagnetics text.
Ultralow surface recombination of c-Si substrates passivated by plasma-assisted atomic layer deposited Al2O3

Excellent surface passivation of c-Si has been achieved by Al2O3 films prepared by plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition, yielding effective surface recombination velocities of 2 and 13cm∕s on low resistivity n- and p-type c-Si, respectively. These results obtained for ∼30nm thick Al2O3 films are comparable to state-of-the-art results when employing thermal oxide as used in record-efficiency c-Si solar cells. A 7nm thin Al2O3 film still yields an effective surface recombination velocity of 5cm∕s on n-type silicon.
UWB-MIMO Quadruple with FSS-Inspired Decoupling Structures and Defected Grounds

─ In this paper, a quad element Ultra Wideband Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (UWB-MIMO) antenna system is presented. The proposed design is compact as it has four semielliptical shaped antennas along with the decoupling structures, fabricated on a compact substrate. The substrate employed is a low cost FR-4 laminate. The antenna elements are decoupled by employing Defected Ground Structures (DGS) and structures inspired from Frequency Selective Surfaces. An enhanced impedance match over lower to medium band is achieved by introducing dipole-like parasitic stubs on rear sides of the antennas. Measured results show that the isolation achieved by the proposed design is more than 20 dB over desired frequency band. Index Terms ─ Frequency Selective Surface (FSS), Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), Ultra Wideband (UWB).
Seamount benthic macrofauna off southern tasmania: community structure and impacts of trawling

The benthic macrofauna of a group of small seamounts south of Tasmania was surveyed with a dredge and camera to assess the impact of trawling for orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanti- cus; Trachichthyidae) and the efficacy of a proposed marine reserve. The seamounts were generally 300 to 600 m high and the peaks ranged from 660 to 1700 m depth. The fauna was diverse: 262 spe- cies of invertebrates and 37 species of fishes were enumerated, compared with 598 species of inver- tebrates previously reported from seamounts worldwide. On seamounts that peaked at depths 1400 m. These seamounts were dominated by sea urchins and had lower biomass and fewer species per sample. However, few species were restricted to either the shallowest or deep- est depths sampled. The fauna unique to the region's seamounts appears to be adequately repre- sented within a recently established 'Marine Protected Area' that encloses 12 seamounts that peak at depths >1150 m.
Variation in Fruit Morphological Traits and Bioactive Compounds in Different Populations of Ferula assa-foetida, F. gummosa, and F. ovina Collected from Iran

Variability in morphological traits, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity of 15 populations of Iranian Ferula species collected from natural habitats in different regions of Iran were investigated. Total Phenolic Content (TPC) of fruit extracts varied from 12.77 to 120.72 mg tannic acid per 1g dry weight. Total flavonoid of fruits extract varied from 5.45 mg quercetin per 1 g dry weight in F. assa-foetida to 8.09 mg QUE g in F. ovina. Antioxidant activity of fruits was assessed using three model systems. Fruits extract showed excellent radical scavenging activity as compared to BHT. Similar trend was also obtained in reducing power (FTC) and β-carotene-linoleic acid model systems. The cluster analysis subdivided the populations in three major groups. Group 1 possessed high inhibition of beta-carotene (> 60%), while group 2 showed low percent of inhibition (< 35%). Group 3 revealed the lowest TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity. Most of Ferula populations (group 1) were more potent for scavenging of free radicals in lipid phases in comparison with aqueous phase. In this study, some fruit morphological traits were also measured in populations. Among the studied species, F. gummosa had the highest fruit length and thousand kernel weight and length/width ratio as well as high antioxidant activity. In overall, the results revealed the scientific basis for traditional usage of the studied Ferula species as spice plants and their potential as a rich source of natural antioxidant and flavonoid source.
PREFERRED LEADERSHIP STYLE OF AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION TEACHERS: AN EXPRESSION OF EPISTEMOLOGICAL BELIEFS ABOUT YOUTH LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT

Supported by Bandura’s social cognitive theory, this study examined the preferred leadership style of agricultural education teachers, and determined if preferred leadership style and leadership factors differed on selected personal characteristics. The accessible sample consisted of agricultural education teachers (N = 234) who taught in Minnesota during the 2005-2006 school year, and a 75.2% response rate was achieved. Data were collected using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), and this study concluded that agricultural education teachers are more transformational in their preferred leadership style in contrast to transactional and laissez-faire styles. Teachers exhibited individualized consideration the most often as a transformational leadership factor, and used contingent reward the most often as a transactional leadership factor. A statistically significant difference was not found in preferred leadership style on gender, years of teaching experience, and highest academic degree earned. However, two statistically significant differences were found pertaining to the factors comprising transformational leadership: male and female teachers differed on individualized consideration, and teachers with bachelor’s degrees and those with master’s degrees differed on intellectual stimulation.
PLANTING TIMES AND SPACING OF CARROT CROPS IN THE SÃO FRANCISCO VALLEY, PERNAMBUCO STATE, BRAZIL

As variacoes climaticas ao longo do ano e a densidade de plantas tendem a influenciar de forma acentuada o desempenho agronomico da cultura da cenoura. Com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho produtivo da cultivar Brasilia em cultivo sob temperaturas amenas (inverno) e mais elevadas (verao) conduziu-se um experimento no periodo de maio de 2011 a fevereiro de 2012. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados, sendo os tratamentos dispostos em parcelas subdivididas, com tres repeticoes. A parcela foi constituida pelas epocas de plantio (inverno e verao) e as subparcelas pelos espacamentos entre plantas (4, 6, 8 e 10 cm), sendo utilizada a cultivar Brasilia. A altura de plantas apresentou reducao linear com o aumento do espacamento no cultivo de verao de 53,4 para 51,0 cm, enquanto no inverno a maior altura foi obtida no espacamento de 8 cm entre plantas com 50,7 cm. Menor produtividade comercial foi obtida no cultivo de verao e nos maiores espacamentos. O menor espacamento de 4 cm entre plantas obteve nos cultivos de verao e inverno produtividades de 45,9 e 63,1 t ha-1, respectivamente. Com relacao a massa fresca de raiz o plantio de inverno mostrou-se superior com maior massa fresca de raiz (89,9 g raiz-1) comparativamente ao verao que alcancou 81,4 g raiz-1, observando-se maior massa com o aumento do espacamento entre plantas. Maiores produtividades sao alcancadas no espacamento de 4 cm entre plantas, em condicoes de inverno, podendo a cenoura ser cultivada durante todo o ano nas condicoes do Submedio do Vale do Sao Francisco.
Does Repeated Human Intrusion Alter use of Wildland Sites by Red Squirrels? Multiyear Experimental Evidence

Abstract Intrusion by humans into wildlife habitat during recreational activities has become a worldwide conservation concern. Low levels of intrusion, which occur frequently in many wildlands, could influence use of sites by red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) and have important ramifications for conservation. Red squirrels can influence forest composition and regeneration by feeding on conifer buds, seeds, and vascular tissues, and they prey on avian nests. Attraction of red squirrels could increase the risk of these activities, whereas displacement of red squirrels may exacerbate demographic problems for small populations of red squirrels in isolated habitats. We implemented experimental intrusions during 10 consecutive weeks of the red squirrel breeding season, 1 or 2 times/week (1990–1993) in 1 area and 5 times/week (1991–1993) in another area in Wyoming. Each intrusion lasted 1 h and involved 1 person. Abundance of red squirrels at intruded sites did not differ significantly from that at control sites during either experiment. However, experiments should be conducted to examine longer-term effects and effects of higher levels of intrusion because alteration of distributions of red squirrels may affect forest conditions and demographics or fitness of birds and red squirrels.
Parent Workshops Focused on Mathematics Knowledge for Parenting (MKP): Shifting Beliefs About Learning Mathematics

The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which parents of first, second, and third grade students who attended a two-day workshop on mathematics strategies shifted beliefs about learning mathematics as compared to parents who did not attend the workshops. Parents impact their children’s mathematics learning when the students are at home working on homework. This can be an important barrier to overcome. The results suggested parents could benefit from workshops focused on solving mathematics problems in multiple ways, similar to ways their children are learning mathematics.
Formulação de Elementos Finitos Estabilizados para Estruturas Flexíveis no Espaço 3D

Apresentamos um modelo computacional para estruturas flexiveis de geometria arbitraria no espaco tridimensional com a cinematica governada pela teoria de barras com flexao, cisalhamento, torcao e efeito de membrana. Um metodo misto de Petrov-Galerkin e usado para construir uma aproximacao estabilizada de elementos finitos. Estimativas de erro indicando taxas de convergencia bem como resultados numericos comprovando tais taxas sao apresentados.
Market Structure and Communicable Diseases

Communicable diseases pose a formidable challenge for public policy. Using numerical simulations, we show under which scenarios a monopolist's price and prevalence paths converge to a non-zero steady state. In contrast, a planner typically eradicates the disease. If eradication is impossible, the planner subsidizes treatments as long as the prevalence can be controlled. Drug resistance exacerbates the welfare difference between monopoly and first best outcomes. Nevertheless, because the negative externalities from resistance compete with the positive externalities of treatment, a mixed competition/monopoly regime may perform better than competition alone. This result has important implications for the design of many drug patents.