Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mapping domains of gene expression in the Malpighian tubule of Drosophila melanogaster by enhancer trapping

The Malpighian tubule of Drosophila melanogaster is a valuable epithelial model for developmental, physiological and genetic studies. A set of 700 P{GAL4} enhancer-trap lines of D. melanogaster was screened for patterned -galactosidase reporter gene expression in the Malpighian tubules. Of these, around 20% show some internal patterning within tubules, and 1% appeared to be specific to tubule cell subpopulations. Staining patterns were compared and used to chart the patterns of gene expression in the tubule. By counterstaining nuclei with ethidium bromide, it proved possible to assemble a numerical map of the cell types in each tubule subdomain. It was found that tubules could be subdivided into at least five sub-domains and multiple cell types defined by gene expression. Remarkably, the patterns of gene expression and the numbers of both principal and secondary ("stellate") cell types within each domain, are reproducible to single-cell precision between individual animals. The numbers of cells, both in the whole tubule and in individual compartments, are practically invariant both between individuals of a particular line and between lines. Comparison with the regions previously identified by morphological or physiological techniques, revealed that a genetic boundary can always be found which corresponds with the known division. In addition, several new subdomains are proposed from enhancer trap analysis alone; additional experiments confirm the physiological significance of the proposed subdivisions. This is the first epithelium to be subjected to such a genetic analysis, and these results confirm the utility of enhancer trapping as a means of identifying genetic boundaries which can subsequently be shown to correspond with functional tissue domains
Effect of Application of Rice Straw and Compost on the Bacterial Communities Associated with Moina sp. in the Floodwater of a Paddy Soil Microcosm: Estimation Based on DGGE Pattern and Sequence Analyses

Bacterial communities associated with Moina sp. in the floodwater of a paddy field microcosm were examined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA. Eighteen out of 20 eubacterial DGGE bands were sequenced. The associated eubacterial communities mainly consisted of the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides group and α-, β-, and γ-Proteobacterial groups, irrespective of the application of rice straw and rice straw compost. The effect of the application of rice straw and compost on the communities was not appreciable, compared with host specificity. An uncultured Cytophagales bacterium was estimated to be specifically associated with Moina sp. Presence of bacteria that are specific to rice straw treatment was also estimated.
Actigraph as a Device for Estimation of Heat Production of White Leghorn Hens under High Ambient Temperature

Eight commercial Single Comb White Leghorn hens were used to study the effects of high ambient temperature on behavioral activities and to select a better parameter for the estimation of heat production between activity count and standing time. The hens were kept at ambient temperatures of 25, 29, and 33°C and fed ad libitum. Daily feed intake and heat production decreased with the increase of temperature. Daily total standing time increased significantly with the increase of temperature, specially the increase occurred in the dark periods at 29 and 33°C, and were 247% (P<0.01) and 413% (P<0.01), respectively, compared to the standing time at 25°C. Heat production per hour decreased significantly (P<0.01) in both the light and dark periods with the increase of temperature. On the other hand, the daily activity counts were almost the same at all the temperatures. The levels of activity counts per hour increased significantly (P<0.01) during the dark periods at 29 and 33°C in comparison with that of at 25°C. Heat production per activity count decreased significantly (P<0.01) with the increase of temperature. The hens changed their behavioral pattern, and minimized heat production when introduced to higher temperatures. From the analysis of variance of the multiple regression equations, the contribution rates of activity counts (counts/h) and standing time (min/h) towards total heat production (kJ/kg0.75/h) were 65% and 23%, respectively. Therefore, activity counts give better results in regards to estimating heat production in White Leghorn hens.
Reproductive responses of temperate and boreal Tengmalm's Owl Aegolius funereus populations to spatial and temporal variation in prey availability

Environmental variation across space and time can strongly inﬂuence life-history strate-gies in vertebrates. It has been shown that the reproductive success of birds of prey isclosely related to food availability. However, relatively little is known about intraspeciﬁcdifferences in reproductive success of birds in relation to varying ecological conditionsacross environmental gradients. We investigated the reproductive performance of Teng-malm’s Owls Aegolius funereus in a temperate (Czech Republic, 50°N) and a boreal (Fin-land, 63°N) population in relation to long-term variations in the abundance of theirmain prey (small rodents). Prey densities at the northern site were much higher, butthere were also large inter-annual ﬂuctuations and years with steep summer declines ofvole densities. Northern owls laid larger clutches but offspring production per nest wassimilar at both study sites. This resulted from higher nestling mortality in the northernpopulation, especially in nests established later in the season. Despite much greater nest-ing losses due to predation by Pine Martens Martes martes, productivity at the popula-tion level was about four times greater at the temperate site, mainly due to the muchhigher breeding densities compared with Finland. Tengmalm’s Owls at the temperatestudy site may beneﬁt from relatively stable prey abundance, a more diverse prey com-munity that offers alternative prey during vole scarcity, longer nights in summer thatallow more time for foraging, and a lower level of interspeciﬁc competition with othervole-specialized predators.Keywords: Aegolius funereus, Boreal Owl, life history, nesting success, predator–prey dynamics,prey abundance, reproductive strategy, seasonal decline.A central issue of evolutionary ecology is to under-stand how and why life-history traits vary acrossgeographical regions, both among and within spe-cies (Martin 2004). In birds, one of the most con-sistent patterns of variability in reproductivestrategies, illustrated both within and across spe-cies, is the latitudinal increase in clutch size (Lack1968, Klomp 1970, Jetz et al. 2008, Griebeleret al. 2010). At a species level, populations occur-ring in different parts of the range often facecontrasting ecological conditions; these local condi-tions can modify the selective pressures affectinglife-history characteristics, which in turn may leadto variation in reproductive strategies (Tieleman2009). Dark-eyed Juncos Junco hyemalis, whichbreed in North America across an extensive altitu-dinal gradient (Bears et al. 2009), provide a text-book example of within-species variation in lifehistories. Juncos inhabiting high elevations start tobreed later and their reproductive season is con-stricted so that on average they are able to raiseonly half the number of young compared withconspeciﬁcs living at lower elevations. Lower
Adenine analogs as potential differentiation therapy agents for acute myeloid leukemia

Although the frequency of complete remission in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has increased, the median duration of such remission is only 9–15 months, even when remission is achieved by treatment with conventional cytotoxic antileukemic drugs. These results clearly call for improved therapies. AML is characterized by a differentiation block leading to the accumulation of immature cells. This maturation arrest can be reversed by certain agents. Several adenine analogs effectively induce the morphologic and functional differentiation of leukemia cells. Thus, adenine analogs, alone or in combination with other differentiation‐inducing agents, may be effective for the therapy of AML. However, the antileukemic analog that is the most suitable for the treatment of AML may depend on the leukemia subtype, since the sensitivity of leukemia cells to these analogs varied greatly among leukemia subtypes. The clinical usefulness of these adenine analogs is discussed. Drug Dev. Res. 59:14–22, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutagenic and Teratogenic Effects of Indomethacin and Cyclosporine-A on Dams and Fetuses of Mice.

Eighty pregnant female mice were alloted among 16 groups. The animals were given intraperitoneal injection equalized to the therapeutic doses used for human. Indomethacin was given (25, 75 mg/kg b.wt.) and cyclosporine-A was given (5, 10, 15 mg/kg b.wt.). They induced significant increase in fetal resorption and significant decrease in fetal body weight. Also, reduction in the sizes of the skeletons of embryos was observed. Dosage of 150 mg/kg b.wt. of indomethacin was the lethal dose to dams. Various chromosomal aberrations in maternal bone marrow cells and embryos cells and mitotic activity were recorded, quantitated and statistically analyzed. Indomethacin (75 mg/kg) induced more chromosomal aberrations in both pregnant females as well as fetuses than the lower dose (25 mg/kg). Cyclosporine-A (15 mg/kg b.wt.) induced an increase in chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cells of female mice than lower dose (5, 10 mg/kg b.wt.), while no significant differences were observed between the (5, 10 mg/kg) doses. Also, cyclosporine-A (15 mg/kg) showed highly significant increase in chromosomal aberrations in embryos than medium (10 mg/kg) or lower doses (5 mg/kg).
The Lemna Bioassay: Contemporary Issues as the Most Standardized Plant Bioassay for Aquatic Ecotoxicology

The Lemna bioassay is one of the most standardized higher plant bioassays for assessing the impacts of contaminants in aquatic environments. The simple anatomy and ease with which Lemna sp. can be handled makes them ideal test organisms. They have been used to predict the cytotoxic, cytogenetic, and mutagenic effects of several chemical pollutants including, inter alia, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals, metalloids, organometallic compounds, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, radionuclides, and pharmaceuticals. However, there is still some contention as to the exact scope of application and definition of the Lemna bioassay regarding its accuracy of prediction and toxicity assessment. In this article, we review some critical issues on the development and effective use of the Lemna bioassay.
Effect of feeding canola meal to laying Japanese quails

This study evaluated the effect of different levels of canola meal in the diet to laying Japanese quails on productive performance, egg quality and economic viability. A total of 120 80-day-old Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) with average weight 146.54 ± 12 g were evaluated during 84 days. Dietary treatments consisted of the replacement of soybean meal with canola meal at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 or 50%. We evaluated economic viability, productive performance, internal and external quality of eggs. Data were analyzed by polynomial regression at 5%. Body weight decreased linearly as the level of canola meal increased (p = 0.0055). Egg weight (p = 0.0032) and diameter (p = 0.0398) showed a quadratic response, increasing up to 30% substitution with subsequent reduction. Yolk color increased linearly as the level of canola meal increased (p = 0.0039). Canola meal can substitute soybean meal up to 30% without impairing productive performance, egg quality and diet cost.
NOVEL DINOFLAGELLATE CLOCK‐RELATED GENES IDENTIFIED THROUGH MICROARRAY ANALYSIS 1

In a genome‐wide study of circadian gene expression, we constructed microarrays containing 3500 cDNAs from the dinoflagellate Pyrocystis lunula Schütt and compared the abundance of transcripts at circadian times separated by 12 h. About 3% of the unique genes screened were identified as circadian controlled, more than 50% of which could be identified with diverse known genes. Most were preferentially expressed in either early subjective day or late subjective night. Light exposures at times expected to induce phase shifts in the rhythm revealed 30 differentially expressed genes, including some potentially participating in photic entrainment and others in pathways connecting a central oscillator to output rhythms. Those that appeared in both screens were considered as possible core clock genes, but there were no similarities with such genes from other organisms. This is the first report of circadian regulation of transcript levels in a dinoflagellate.
Caracterización de los extractos metanólicos de poda de vid y paja de trigo y su oxidación por enzimas extracelulares de Lentinula edodes

Lentinula edodes is a mushroom of commercial interest which can be grown on several lignocellulosic substrates, such as vineyard pruning and wheat straw. In this study we obtained methanolic extracts from both of these substrates, and crude enzymatic extract from L. edodes. The methanolic extracts were analyzed and characterized by thin layer chromatography and spectrophotometry finding that vineyard pruning extracts contained at least six UV light-active fractions; the three most polar fractions (R < 0.5) were easily oxidized by the fungal extract with f or without ABTS intermediary. In contrast, the methanolic extract of wheat straw showed only three fractions dimly revealed to UV light, which were not oxidized by the enzymatic extract even using ABTS. The presence of a higher number or subfractions in vineyard pruning methanolic extract, their possible higher concentration and the easily with which some of them were transformed by the fungus extracellular enzymes would explain in part because vineyard
Diversity shifts and crude oil transformation in polluted microbial mat microcosms

Abstract Diversity shifts linked to crude oil transformation were studied in microbial mats developed under laboratory conditions using a molecular approach and basic biomass determination (protein and predominant pigment content). For this purpose two different microcosms were established, one simulating a four-day black tide and the other trying to reflect the colonisation of contaminated black sediment by the indigenous populations of Ebro Delta microbial mats inoculated over the polluted substrate. The crude oil used as a contaminant was Casablanca, a light oil with low viscosity and low sulphur content similar to Arabian light. In the first microcosm, Microcosm I, neither crude oil degradation nor changes of total and phototrophic biomass were detected. Nevertheless, DGGE profiles showed noticeable changes that suggested a slight increase in the diversity of the bacterial populations, assuming that the number of bands was directly correlated to the diversity of species. Furthermore, when attention is focused on the Chromatiaceae family, the same behaviour was observed in the pigmented zone, while in the black sediment diversity diminished over time. Cyanobacteria exhibited a decrease in the diversity in both depths analysed. In the second microcosm, Microcosm II, small changes to the aliphatic hydrocarbon fraction were observed in the initial millimetres of the contaminated black sediment. An increase in the total and phototrophic biomass was observed over time and when DGGE patterns were analysed, shifts were observed and the final consequence was a decrease in the diversity of total bacterial populations. The same trend was observed for Cyanobacteria and for the Chromatiaceae family. Despite the pressure on indigenous bacterial populations from Ebro delta microbial mats, they can grow after a short black tide and are able to successfully colonise contaminated sediment to ultimately form a well-established microbial mat.
An assessment of sustainable housing affordability in Klang Valley residential areas / Amir Saufi Nozin

The steep rise in housing price and rapid development has marginalized part of the population. As a consequence, the provision of affordable housing for the low and middle-income population has always been a hotly debated topic in Malaysia. The current practice of looking at affordability is somehow distorted. Affordable housing shall not be construed merely as short term price-to benefit that focuses too much on price but rather on an interconnectedness, dynamic set of elements within affordability and sustainability measures. Affordability and sustainability have long been defined separately by various schools of thought. Some, however, argue that the two terms go hand in hand, and one cannot exist without the other for effective application to solve this particular housing problem. It is, therefore, the purpose of this thesis to explore the said alternative and presented a viable mean of assessing both terms. In order to achieve the objective(s) of the thesis, a research design was developed to encompass data collection, analysis and interpretation. Secondary data was obtained through an extensive review of past literature in order to reveal all the criteria that can be admissible as contributing to sustainable housing affordability. A total of 44 elements was found to be relevant and were then incorporated into the questionnaire as a primary data tools. The questionnaire basically includes all of the elements divided into 4 of the factors existed under Affordable Housing Schemes (AHS) and Affordable Housing Principles (AHPs) and were dissipated to a sample population of five (5) key locations in the Klang Valley area. The resulting data were then analyzed using IBM SPSS 16.0 software as well as one of the multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) method, namely COPRAS. In addition, inferential statistics was used to illicit information on the reliability, significant and correlational strength of the result respectively. The final result suggests that locations with the highest utility degree, μ are more likely to satisfy the requirement for sustainable housing affordability.
On the expansion and occurrence of an invasive species - Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck et Schlegel, 1846) (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Gobioninae) in Poland.

The topmouth gudgeon, Pseudorasbora parva, originating from eastern Asia, was accidentally introduced in European waters (1961) with stocking material of imported herbivorous fishes. In Poland it was first recorded in 1990 in the Barycz R. system Fish Farm Stawno (SW, Poland); it probably came from Hungary with imported fry of Aristichthys nobilis. It was presumably from that region of Poland that it spread to other fish farms and then rapidly penetrated into rivers and other water bodies. At present 51 localities are known, mainly in the lowlands of Poland. The species still shows an expansion tendency which is favoured by stocking open waters with material containing an admixture of the topmouth gudgeon, using it as a bait-fish and by some aspects of its biology and ecology.
3rd Congress of the European Federation for Primatology

Folia Primatol 2009;80:106–174 DOI: 10.1159/000225941 3rd Congress of the European Federation for Primatology Zürich, August 12–15, 2009 Editor: Carel van Schaik, Zürich, Switzerland Plenary Presentations Non-Invasive Assessment of Physiological Status: A 30-Year Contribution to Primatology Michael Heistermann, Keith Hodges Department of Reproductive Biology, German Primate Centre, Göttingen, Germany E-Mail of first author: mheiste@gwdg.de
Forensic analysis of mitochondrial DNA hypervariable region HVII (encompassing nucleotide positions 37 to 340) and HVIII (encompassing nucleotide positions 438-574) and evaluation of the importance of these variable positions for forensic genetic purposes

The first objective of this study was the detection of mitochondrial hypervariable HVII and HVIII regions. Secondly, the study evaluates the importance of these positions for forensic genetic purposes and establishes the degree of variation characteristic of a fragment. Blood samples were collected from 270 healthy unrelated male living in Middle and South of Iraq. FTA® Technology was utilized to extract DNA. A portion of a noncoding region encompassing positions 37 to 340 for HVII and encompassing positions 438 to 574 for HVIII, was amplified in accordance with the Anderson reference sequence. By using EZ-10 spin column the PCR products were purified, sequenced and detected by using the ABI 3730xL Genetic Analyzer. New polymorphic positions 57, 63, 101, 469 and 482 are described that may be very important for forensic identification purpose in the future. This study shows the importance of the adoption of mitochondria in forensic medicine and criminal diagnosis and a private Iraqi society was discovered as the study sites. Further study on larger number of samples from different Iraqi ethics groups is suggested to confirm the results obtained by this study. Keywords: Forensic, frequency, HVII, HVIII, Iraq, polymorphism.
Sexual Habitat Segregation by American Redstarts Wintering in Jamaica: Importance of Resource Seasonality

ABsnTRCr. -We tested the hypothesis that wintering populations of American Redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla) segregate into different habitats by sex in response to ecological conditions associated with an extensive dry season, which typically develops after migrants arrive in northern Neotropical sites. Sex-specific distribution and overwinter persistence of redstarts were quantified at a Jamaican mangrove-scrub ecotone. We also contrasted vegetation structure and food availability in winter territories of the two sexes and in both habitats within and between seasons. Male and female redstarts were significantly segregated by habitat, with males holding territories in mangroves and females predominantly in contiguous scrub habitat. However, we found no significant sex-based difference in overwinter persistence on territories. The average mangrove territory had a higher canopy and more-open understory, higher relative humidity, and greater insect biomass within a season for several insect orders important in redstart diets. Canopy (leaf) cover and abundances of several insect taxa remained more constant over the dry season in mangrove than in scrub habitat. We argue that these between-habitat differences, especially seasonal stability of vegetation features and food abundances in mangrove habitats, affect winter habitat quality for nonbreeding redstarts. Received 3 March 1993, accepted 31 May 1993.
Development and Speed Comparison of Convolutional Neural Network Using CUDA

Currently Artificial Inteligence and Deep Learning are social issues, and These technologies are applied to various fields. A good method among the various algorithms in Artificial Inteligence is Convolutional Neural Network. Convolutional Neural Network is a form that adds convolution layers that extracts features by convolution operation on a general neural network method. If you use Convolutional Neural Network as small amount of data