Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bi-Variate Causal Estimates of Dividend Yield, Earning Yield Ratios and Stock Index: A Case of Karachi Stock exchange

The study examines the relationships between Pakistan’s market stock returns, dividend yields and earning yield ratios. Specifically, it examines the existence of long-run and short-run relationships between and among stock market return, dividend yield and earnings earning yield ratios. Using the monthly data from 1997-2007, the study finds that all these fundamental variables have a strong long run relationships. As for the short run relationship, the results show significant predictive power from dividend yield to stock return and stock market return to earning yield ratio. In addition to applying vector error correction model, the results show that there is the significant long-term equilibrium between stock market index, dividend yield and earning yield ratios. Hence, fundamental variables are an important source of information in determining the stock market returns and useful to investors and other stakeholders in making their investment decisions. Keywords: Causal Relationship, Dividend Yield, Earning Yield and Stock Index.
Energy efficient solutions based on beamforming for UMTS and LTE

The race for more energy aware systems is motivating the development of solutions that reduce the overall energy spent in telecommunication systems. Looking for the radio interface that UMTS and LTE present, beamforming is studied in order to assess the efficiency in terms of radiated power that is possible to be save when antenna arrays are placed where before static sector antennas were employed. Several multiple user scenarios were studied with different users’ arrangement. Two simulators, one for UMTS and another for LTE, were developed to evaluate in a statistical way the potential impact that adaptive antenna arrays have to reduce the radiated power, compared with actual BS static sector antennas. UMTS, besides signal improvement, has a lot of interference suppression potential due to its multiple access technique that separates users by codes in the same carrier frequency. LTE, due to the absence of co-channel intercell interference, is evaluated in terms of desired signal improvement. Through statistical results was possible to derive a model for UMTS that describes the power improvement achieved as a function of the number of users and of radiator elements. For UMTS carriers near top capacity, a power reduction of the order of 90% is achievable. For LTE, significant power improvements are reached, especially for antenna arrays with 8 elements, which are able to save near 65%. Keywords-Beamforming, adaptive antennas, energy efficiency, UMTS, LTE
Effect of Trimethyl-aluminum Preflow on The Structure and Strain Properties of AlN Films

We studied the effects of trimethyl-aluminum (TMAl) preflow on the properties of AlN films grown on (0001) sapphire substrates via metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using high-temperature treatments. Short TMAl preflow treatments had little effect on the surface morphology of the AlN films, but hexagonal islands appeared on the surface when the TMAl preflow time increased. As the preflow time increased, the crystalline quality decreased and the stress state of the AlN films also changed. The origin of this stress behavior can be explained through a combination of extrinsic stress and intrinsic stress.
Bent‐cable regression with autoregressive noise

Motivated by time series of atmospheric concentrations of certain pollutants the authors develop bent‐cable regression for autocorrelated errors. Bent‐cable regression extends the popular piecewise linear (broken‐stick) model, allowing for a smooth change region of any non‐negative width. Here the authors consider autoregressive noise added to a bent‐cable mean structure, with unknown regression and time series parameters. They develop asymptotic theory for conditional least‐squares estimation in a triangular array framework, wherein each segment of the bent cable contains an increasing number of observations while the autoregressive order remains constant as the sample size grows. They explore the theory in a simulation study, develop implementation details, apply the methodology to the motivating pollutant dataset, and provide a scientific interpretation of the bent‐cable change point not discussed previously. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 38: 386–407; 2010 © 2010 Statistical Society of Canada
PROTON BEAM REQUIREMENTS FOR A NEUTRINO FACTORY AND MUON COLLIDER

Both a Neutrino Factory and a Muon Collider place stringent demands on the proton beam used to generate the desired beam of muons. Here we discuss the advantages and challenges of muon accelerators and the rationale behind the requirements on proton beam energy, intensity, bunch length, and repetition rate. Example proton driver configurations that have been considered in recent years are also briefly indicated.
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Sustainable intensification is a process by which agricultural productivity is enhanced whilst also creating environmental and social benefits. We aimed to identify practices likely to deliver sustainable intensification, currently available for UK farms but not yet widely adopted. We compiled a list of 18 farm management practices with the greatest potential to deliver sustainable intensification in the UK, following a well-developed stepwise methodology for identifying priority solutions, using a group decision- making technique with key agricultural experts. The list of priority management practices can provide the focal point of efforts to achieve sustainable intensification of agriculture, as the UK develops post- Brexit agricultural policy, and pursues the second Sustainable Development Goal, which aims to end hunger and promote sustainable agriculture. The practices largely reflect a technological, production-focused view of sustainable intensification, including for example, precision farming and animal health diagnostics, with less emphasis on the social and environmental aspects of sustainability. However, they do reflect an integrated approach to farming, covering many different aspects, from business organization and planning, to soil and crop management, to landscape and nature conservation. For a subset of 10 of the priority practices, we gathered data on the level of existing uptake in English and Welsh farms through a stratified survey in seven focal regions. We find substantial existing uptake of most of the priority practices, indicating that UK farming is an innovative sector. The data identify two specific practices for which uptake is relatively low, but which some UK farmers find appealing and would consider adopting. These practices are: prediction of pest and disease outbreaks, especially for livestock farms; staff training on environmental issues, especially on arable farms.
A Simulation Model of Document Information Retrieval System with Relevance Feedback

Information retrieval systems are very complex in nature due to the complex interaction of document, query, and matching subsystems involved in the process. Researchers working on developing new techniques to improve system performance typically use standardized document collections to test their techniques. This paper has a twofold objective. First, it presents a simulation model of the document information retrieval system. A simulation model can serve as a test-bed document collection that can be used by researchers in the area to test their techniques. A few experiments are run on this simulated collection to demonstrate the effect of varying queries, documents, and user requirements. Second, relevance feedback is employed in the model whereby the matching function used by the system, to match documents with queries, is progressively adapted to the preference function used by the user to judge relevance of the documents.
Catechol Estrogen 4-Hydroxyestradiol is an Ultimate Carcinogen in Breast Cancer

Excessive exposure to estrogens is the most important risk factor for the development of hormone-sensitive cancers, especially breast cancer. Estrogen stimulates the expression of genes and proteins involved in cell proliferation by binding to estrogen receptor (ER). Another possible mechanism of ER-independent carcinogenicity of estrogens is based on the hydroxylation of estradiol resulting in the formation of catechol estrogens. Catechol estrogen 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OHE2) is further oxidized to catechol estrogen-3,4-quinones, the major carcinogenic metabolites of estrogens. Evidence increasingly supports the critical role of 4-OHE2 in hormonal carcinogenesis via DNA adduct formation or production of reactive oxygen species, which finally contribute to the transformation of normal mammary epithelial cells and the enhanced growth of breast cancer cells. It is also reported that the level of 4-OHE2 or its quinones is highly up-regulated in urine or tissues of breast cancer patients. Thus, we highlight the oncogenic roles of 4-OHE2 in catechol estrogen-induced breast carcinogenesis.
Parameterizing radiative transfer to convert MAX-DOAS dSCDs into near-surface box-averaged mixing ratios

Abstract. We present a novel parameterization method to convert multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) differential slant column densities (dSCDs) into near-surface box-averaged volume mixing ratios. The approach is applicable inside the planetary boundary layer under conditions with significant aerosol load, and builds on the increased sensitivity of MAX-DOAS near the instrument altitude. It parameterizes radiative transfer model calculations and significantly reduces the computational effort, while retrieving ~ 1 degree of freedom. The biggest benefit of this method is that the retrieval of an aerosol profile, which usually is necessary for deriving a trace gas concentration from MAX-DOAS dSCDs, is not needed. The method is applied to NO2 MAX-DOAS dSCDs recorded during the Mexico City Metropolitan Area 2006 (MCMA-2006) measurement campaign. The retrieved volume mixing ratios of two elevation angles (1° and 3°) are compared to volume mixing ratios measured by two long-path (LP)-DOAS instruments located at the same site. Measurements are found to agree well during times when vertical mixing is expected to be strong. However, inhomogeneities in the air mass above Mexico City can be detected by exploiting the different horizontal and vertical dimensions probed by the MAX-DOAS and LP-DOAS instruments. In particular, a vertical gradient in NO2 close to the ground can be observed in the afternoon, and is attributed to reduced mixing coupled with near-surface emission inside street canyons. The existence of a vertical gradient in the lower 250 m during parts of the day shows the general challenge of sampling the boundary layer in a representative way, and emphasizes the need of vertically resolved measurements.
Basic research Immunohistochemical analysis of biomarkers in patients with adenocarcinoma of the breast: correlation with menopausal status and histological grade

Introduction: Adenocarcinoma of the breast is the most common cancer worldwide and accounts for the highest morbidity and mortality. The increasing global incidence of breast cancer emphasizes the need to understand the various mechanisms involved in breast tumorigenesis. We investigated the expression of steroid hormone, steroid and growth factor receptors, cytochrome P450 isoforms, oxidative stress markers, and proteins involved in cell survival and proliferation, genomic instability, and apoptosis in breast cancer patients. Material and methods: Forty-eight breast cancer patients histologically categorized as grade I, II and III, and as pre-and postmenopausal, were chosen for the study. The expression of all the markers in tumour and adjacent tissues was analysed in the same set of patients by immunohistochemical localization. Results: The expression of oestradiol, oestrogen and progesterone receptor, HER-2/neu, CYP1A1 and 1B1, 4-hydroxynonenal, 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine, glutathione S-transferase-P, NFκβ, PCNA, p53, and Bcl-2 was significantly increased, whereas the expression of Bax and caspases was significantly lower in breast tumours compared to corresponding uninvolved adjacent tissues. The magnitude of the changes was however more pronounced in premenopausal patients and in grade III tumours. Conclusions: Our results suggest that analysis of multiple signalling pathways in the same set of patients would be useful in understanding the complex genetic alterations that interplay in the development of breast tumours.
Generation of the head related transfer functions using artificial neural networks

The new Acoustic Virtual Reality (AVR) concept is often used as a man-machine interface in electronic travel aid (ETA), that help blind and visually impaired individuals to navigate in real outdoor environments. According to this concept, the presence of obstacles in the surrounding environment and the path to the desired target will be signalized to the blind subject by burst of sounds, whose virtual source position suggests the position of the real obstacles and the direction of movement, respectively. The practical implementation of the AVR concept requires the so-called Head Related Transfer Functions (HRTFs) values to be known in every point of the 3D space and for each subject. These values can be determined by using a quite complex procedure, which requires many measurements for each individual. In the present paper, an artificial neural network (ANN) is proposed in order to generate the values of the HRTFs. The proposed method, valid for only on subject, speeds up the implementation of the AVR concept after the ANN training has been completed. Finally, some experimental results, conclusions and further developments are also presented.
Mobile Phone Use at School as an Element of Hidden Curriculum: M-Hidden Curriculum

Mobile phone is a new educational phenomenon that can be related with students’ health, academic and social development. There a number of studies in literature on this subject. However, there aren’t any studies on the relation of mobile phone with informal processes at school. Mobile phone is a new phenomenon which builds school culture with informal ways or reproduces the existing culture. The relation of this element with the hidden curriculum at school is disputable. The aim of this study is to determine the views of high school students in Turkey on the reasons of their mobile phone use in the context of hidden curriculum and evaluate those views in terms of different variables. The study was carried out on 289 students enrolled at state schools in the cities of Elazig and Malatya in 2013-2014 educational year. The data obtained via a questionnaire form were analyzed using SPSS package program. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that most of the high school students in Turkey have mobile phones and they bring them into classes although it is banned by the regulations. Students prefer to use mobile phones to communicate, listen to music, share announcements, send text messages, take photos, connect to social networks and for educational purposes. These preferences are, in a sense, means of building a school culture or reproducing it, which is described as hidden curriculum. This case can be considered as the sign of a new hidden curriculum, being built by mobile phones informally. This curriculum can be named as m-hidden curriculum or e-hidden curriculum.
Maintenance Management on Gravel Roads VESA MANNISTO

Management systems for unpaved roads are often neglected because of the low traffic density on those roads . However, unpaved roads constitute a large portion of the length of the road network and often a large portion of the administration's total maintenance budget . An efficient system for dividing and optimizing that expenditure is therefore justified. The Finland Roads Administration recognized the need for an analytical optimization method for setting up maintenance levels and standards, organizing the required road condition measurements and monitoring systems, and selecting and timing the most economical maintenance actions for gravel roads. A long history of developing management systems for paved roads, good experiences in collecting road condition data, and the availability of a very precise road data bank containing data on road structure, traffic, and costs formed a good background for the development of an analytical networklevel maintenance management system for gravel roads . The final system will also include the project-level approach, organization of road condition measurements, and a monitoring system. The optimization model, based on semi-Markovian models, is divided into 1-year and multiyear models on the basis of condition variables and the maintenance actions taken . Although the model is mathematical, it can be used for dividing funds between maintenance districts and for setting up the objective maintenance standards for the gravel road network. The system is to be used in the central administration and district headquarters. A simpler, project-level system to be used by maintenance engineers will be developed and integrated with this system.
Gene expression changes in response to drought stress in Ilex paraguariensis leaves

Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. is recognized as a shade-tolerant tree, cultivated in north-eastern Argentina, south-eastern Brazil, and Paraguay. Its leaves and young shoots are industrialised and; hence, being used to prepare a traditional tea-like infusion (mate-tea) with various medicinal benefits. Under the prevailing agro-climatic conditions in NE Argentina and with the occurrence of high temperatures and scarce rains during spring or summer, I. paraguariensis plants are subjected to water stress, reducing their yield. Differential Display was used to compare differences in gene expression between stressed and unstressed (control) potted plants. We found 52 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs), analysing banding patterns of Differential Display polyacrylamide gels, in which 38 DETs were induced, and 14 DETs were repressed in response to drought. Sequence comparisons revealed that 19% of the fragments showed no homologies, whereas 40.5 % of the total number of fragments had strong similarities with database entries of known functions. The other DETs belonged to unclassified proteins or genes with unknown functions. Interestingly, 12% of the DNA sequences were related to signal transduction, and 2% of the sequences were identified as transcription factors. Approximately, 12% of the annotated sequences were involved in stress tolerance and metal homeostasis, while 7% of the DETs were associated with photosynthesis. Other groups, representing 12%, included those involved in secondary metabolism, lignin biosynthesis, cell walls and RNA stabilization/chaperone activity. When integrated with physiological data, our results suggest that the transcriptional activity of some of the studied genes could be related to the degree of drought tolerance/susceptibility of I. paraguariensis.
Design and Fabrication of Microstrip Patch Antenna at 2.4 Ghz for WLAN Application using HFSS

In this paper, a rectangular microstrip patch antenna is designed using HFSS software. The designed antenna has a resonating frequency of 2.4 GHz which is applicable to Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). This paper shows the design considerations of the proposed antenna as well as the simulated results of the same. The design is made on FR-4 Epoxy material used as a dielectric material with its dielectric constant = 4.4 and thickness of 1.5mm. The proposed antenna is then fabricated on the basis of the simulated design in HFSS simulation software. After fabricating the MSA, the fabricated results were taken and are shown in the paper. The simple structured configuration and low profile of the proposed antenna makes the fabrication process easy and also suitable for the application in the WLAN.
Community-acquired Clostridium difficile infection and Australian food animals

Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic Gram positive spore-forming bacterium, the leading cause of infectious diarrhoea (C. difficile infection; CDI) in hospitalised humans. The assumption that CDI is primarily a hospital-acquired infection is being questioned. Community-acquired CDI (CA-CDI) is increasing particularly in groups previously considered at low risk. In Australia, CA-CDI rates doubled during 2011 and increased by 24% between 2011 and 2012. Two potentially high-risk practices in Australian food animal husbandry may present a risk for CA-CDI: slaughtering of neonatal animals for food, and effluent recycling to agriculture.
Unbiased constraints on ultralight axion mass from dwarf spheroidal galaxies

It has been suggested that the internal dynamics of dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) can be used to test whether or not ultralight axions with $m_a\sim 10^{-22}\text{eV}$ are a preferred dark matter candidate. However, comparisons to theoretical predictions tend to be inconclusive for the simple reason that while most cosmological models consider only dark matter, one observes only baryons. Here we use realistic kinematic mock data catalogs of Milky Way dSph's to show that the "mass-anisotropy degeneracy" in the Jeans equations leads to biased bounds on the axion mass in galaxies with unknown dark matter halo profiles. In galaxies with multiple chemodynamical components this bias can be partly removed by modelling the mass enclosed within each subpopulation. However, analysis of the mock data reveals that the least-biased constraints on the axion mass result from fitting the luminosity-averaged velocity dispersion of the individual chemodynamical components directly. Applying our analysis to two dSph's with reported stellar subcomponents, Fornax and Sculptor, and assuming that the halo profile has not been acted on by baryons, yields core radii $r_{c}>1.5$ kpc and $r_c> 1.2$ kpc respectively, and $m_a<0.4\times 10^{-22}\text{eV}$ at 97.5\% confidence. These bounds are in tension with the number of observed satellites derived from simple (but conservative) estimates of the subhalo mass function in Milky Way-like galaxies. We discuss how baryonic feedback might affect our results, and the impact of such a small axion mass on the growth of structures in the Universe.
A MECHANISM OF ABSTRACTION FOR INDEPENDENT DEFINITION OF GAME’S PLATFORM ELEMENTS

This article is aimed at determining the feasibility of using a common mechanism to define the configuration in games for mobile devices. Such a configuration is intended to increase the level of abstraction up to a point where the definition of a platform game in XML format is made independent. This should then be read and deployed in an automatic way over any mobile platform.