Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fan-beam patch antenna array with low cross-polarization

This paper presents a fan-beam patch antenna array with low cross-polarization. The proposed antenna array consists of 13 sub-arrays and each array has 7 elements. The element distance in each array is equal, whereas the distances between the sub-arrays are designed to be different in order to decrease the radiation in the side lobe level. Narrower beam width and lower side lobe level can be realized by the proposed antenna array. The proposed array element is composed of a patch with a rectangular slot, a U-shaped reflection plate and a feeding network which is similar as a printed dipole. The size of single antenna element is only 0. 45λ0 × 0. 25λ0 × 0. 08λ0, thus small windward area and low profile can be obtained by the proposed antenna array. For demonstration, a 13 × 7 antenna array operating at 566 MHz-606MHz is designed. The implemented antenna array achieves a cross-polarization of 40 dB, a horizontal beam width of 5°, a gain of 23.5 dBi and a sidelobe level of -20 dB.
Physics-Based Statistical Modeling of PCM Current Drift Including Negative-Drift-Coefficients

Current drift over time in amorphous (α) chalcogenide (<i>C</i>)-based phase-change memory (PCM) is investigated through statistical electrical characterization of 45-nm-PCMs integrating αGe<sub>2</sub>Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>5</sub>. Then a physically based analytical model that explains drift statistics as a function of observation time is presented. In particular, we address the negative-drift-coefficients (NDC) phenomenon, which we recognize as intrinsic to the α<i>C</i> nature.
4-Hydroxyderricin and xanthoangelol from Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei) suppress differentiation of preadiopocytes to adipocytes via AMPK and MAPK pathways.

SCOPE Adipocytes differentiation is deeply involved in the onset of obesity. 4-Hydroxyderricin (4HD) and xanthoangelol (XAG) are the chalcones that are derived from Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei). In this study, we demonstrated the inhibitory effects of these chalcones on adipocytes differentiation. METHODS AND RESULTS 4HD and XAG suppressed intracellular lipid accumulation by Oil red O staining at 5 μM without cytotoxicity. They inhibited adipocytes differentiation accompanied by down-expression of adipocyte-specific transcription factors, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-β (C/EBP-β), C/EBP-α, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) using RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis. To obtain insights into the underlying mechanism, the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways was investigated. These two chalcones promoted phosphorylation of AMPK and acetyl CoA carboxylase during differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes accompanied by a decrease in glycerol-3-phosphate acyl transferase-1 and an increase in carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 mRNA expression. These chalcones also promoted phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases and Jun aminoterminal kinases, but not p38. Moreover, the inhibitors for AMPK and extracellular signal-regulated kinases abolished the chalcones-caused down-expression of C/EBP-β, C/EBP-α, and PPAR-γ. Treatment with Jun aminoterminal kinases inhibitor abolished the down-expression of C/EBP-α and PPAR-γ, but not C/EBP-β. CONCLUSION 4HD and XAG inhibit adipocytes differentiation through AMPK and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, resulting in the down-expression of adipocyte-specific transcription factors.
Coordination between Polymerase β and FEN1 Can Modulate CAG Repeat Expansion*

The oxidized DNA base 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) is implicated in neuronal CAG repeat expansion associated with Huntington disease, yet it is unclear how such a DNA base lesion and its repair might cause the expansion. Here, we discovered size-limited expansion of CAG repeats during repair of 8-oxoG in a wild-type mouse cell extract. This expansion was deficient in extracts from cells lacking pol β and HMGB1. We demonstrate that expansion is mediated through pol β multinucleotide gap-filling DNA synthesis during long-patch base excision repair. Unexpectedly, FEN1 promotes expansion by facilitating ligation of hairpins formed by strand slippage. This alternate role of FEN1 and the polymerase β (pol β) multinucleotide gap-filling synthesis is the result of uncoupling of the usual coordination between pol β and FEN1. HMGB1 probably promotes expansion by stimulating APE1 and FEN1 in forming single strand breaks and ligatable nicks, respectively. This is the first report illustrating that disruption of pol β and FEN1 coordination during long-patch BER results in CAG repeat expansion.
Biosynthesis of the Linkage Region of Glycosaminoglycans

A family of five β1,3-galactosyltransferases has been characterized that catalyze the formation of Galβ1,3GlcNAcβ and Galβ1,3GalNAcβ linkages present in glycoproteins and glycolipids (β3GalT1, -2, -3, -4, and -5). We now report a new member of the family (β3GalT6), involved in glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis. The human and mouse genes were located on chromosomes 1p36.3 and 4E2, respectively, and homologs are found inDrosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. Unlike other members of the family, β3GalT6 showed a broad mRNA expression pattern by Northern blot analysis. Although a high degree of homology across several subdomains exists among other members of the β3-galactosyltransferase family, recombinant enzyme did not utilize glucosamine- or galactosamine-containing acceptors. Instead, the enzyme transferred galactose from UDP-galactose to acceptors containing a terminal β-linked galactose residue. This product, Galβ1,3Galβ is found in the linkage region of heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate (GlcAβ1,3Galβ1,3Galβ1,4Xylβ-O-Ser), indicating that β3GalT6 is the so-called galactosyltransferase II involved in glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis. Its identity was confirmed in vivo by siRNA-mediated inhibition of glycosaminoglycan synthesis in HeLa S3 cells. Its localization in the medial Golgi indicates that this is the major site for assembly of the linkage region.
Neighborhood Retail Food Environment and Fruit and Vegetable Intake in a Multiethnic Urban Population

Purpose. To examine relationships between the neighborhood food environment and fruit and vegetable intake in a multiethnic urban population. Design. Analysis of cross-sectional survey and observational data. Setting. One hundred forty-six neighborhoods within three large geographic communities of Detroit, Michigan. Subjects. Probability sample of 919 African-American, Latino, and white adults. Measures. The dependent variable was mean daily fruit and vegetable servings, as measured by using a modified Block 98 food frequency questionnaire. Independent variables included the neighborhood food environment: store availability (i.e., large grocery, specialty, convenience, liquor, small grocery), supermarket proximity (i.e., street-network distance to nearest chain grocer), and perceived and observed neighborhood fresh fruit and vegetable supply (i.e., availability, variety, quality, affordability). Analysis. Weighted, multilevel regression. Results. Presence of a large grocery store in the neighborhood was associated with, on average, 0.69 more daily fruit and vegetable servings in the full sample. Relationships between the food environment and fruit and vegetable intake did not differ between whites and African-Americans. However, Latinos, compared with African-Americans, who had a large grocery store in the neighborhood consumed 2.20 more daily servings of fruits and vegetables. Presence of a convenience store in the neighborhood was associated with 1.84 fewer daily fruit and vegetable servings among Latinos than among African-Americans. Conclusion. The neighborhood food environment influences fruit and vegetable intake, and the size of this relationship may vary for different racial/ethnic subpopulations.
Modeling sprint cycling using field-derived parameters and forward integration.

UNLABELLED We previously reported that a mathematical model could accurately predict steady-state road-cycling power when all the model parameters were known. Application of that model to competitive cycling has been limited by the need to obtain accurate parameter values, the non-steady-state nature of many cycling events, and because the validity of the model at maximal power has not been established. PURPOSE We determined whether modeling parameters could be accurately determined during field trials and whether the model could accurately predict cycling speed during maximal acceleration using forward integration. METHODS First, we quantified aerodynamic drag area of six cyclists using both wind tunnel and field trials allowing for these two techniques to be compared. Next, we determined the aerodynamic drag area of three world-class sprint cyclists using the field-test protocol. Track cyclists also performed maximal standing-start time trials, during which we recorded power and speed. Finally, we used forward integration to predict cycling speed from power-time data recorded during the maximal trials allowing us to compare predicted speed with measured speed. RESULTS Field-based values of aerodynamic drag area (0.258 +/- 0.006 m) did not differ (P = 0.53) from those measured in a wind tunnel (0.261 +/- 0.006 m2). Forward integration modeling accurately predicted cycling speed (y = x, r2 = 0.989) over the duration of the standing-start sprints. CONCLUSIONS Field-derived values for aerodynamic drag area can be equivalent to values derived from wind tunnel testing, and these values can be used to accurately predict speed even during maximal-power acceleration by world-class sprint cyclists. This model could be useful for assessing aerodynamic issues and for predicting how subtle changes in riding position, mass, or power output will influence cycling speed.
Shared HLA Class I and II Alleles and Clonally Restricted Public and Private Brain-Infiltrating αβ T Cells in a Cohort of Rasmussen Encephalitis Surgery Patients

Rasmussen encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neuroinflammatory disease characterized by intractable seizures and unilateral brain atrophy. T cell infiltrates in affected brain tissue and the presence of circulating autoantibodies in some RE patients have indicated that RE may be an autoimmune disease. The strongest genetic links to autoimmunity reside in the MHC locus, therefore, we determined the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and class II alleles carried by a cohort of 24 RE surgery cases by targeted in-depth genomic sequencing. Compared with a reference population the allelic frequency of three alleles, DQA1*04:01:01, DQB1*04:02:01, and HLA-C*07:02:01:01 indicated that they might confer susceptibility to the disease. It has been reported that HLA-C*07:02 is a risk factor for Graves disease. Further, eight patients in the study cohort carried HLA-A*03:01:01:01, which has been linked to susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. Four patients carried a combination of three HLA class II alleles that has been linked to type 1 diabetes (DQA1*05:01:01:01~DQB1*02:01:01~DRB1*03:01:01:01), and five patients carried a combination of HLA class II alleles that has been linked to the risk of contracting multiple sclerosis (DQA1*01:02:01:01, DQB1*06:02:01, DRB1*15:01:01:01). We also analyzed the diversity of αβ T cells in brain and blood specimens from 14 of these RE surgery cases by sequencing the third complementarity regions (CDR3s) of rearranged T cell receptor β genes. A total of 31 unique CDR3 sequences accounted for the top 5% of all CDR3 sequences in the 14 brain specimens. Thirteen of these sequences were found in sequencing data from healthy blood donors; the remaining 18 sequences were patient specific. These observations provide evidence for the clonal expansion of public and private T cells in the brain, which might be influenced by the RE patient’s HLA haplotype.
On the performance of DVB-T networks for indoor and mobile reception

The paper investigates different ways of planning a DVB-T network for mobile and indoor services. It was motivated by the introduction of IP datacast (IPDC) as a way of offering multicast and broadcast services to mobile or indoor users. We initially focus on single frequency networks (SFN) planning. We have found, based on a theoretical network, a maximum value of the allowable inter-transmitter distance (30 km in our simulations). Concerning mixed networks of SFN and multi frequency networks (MFN), we obtain, for a desired coverage area size, the parameter of the SFN clusters. Then we examine the minimum reuse factor, K, to achieve the desired QoS. We also present some design considerations for IPDC networks.
Functional and esthetic considerations for single-tooth Ankylos implant-crowns: 8 years of clinical performance.

PROBLEM Following the loss of an anterior natural tooth, the mucogingival complex begins to collapse. The early placement of endosseous dental implants can prevent or reduce the extent of this collapse. If there is a long interval between the loss of the natural tooth and the placement of the implant prosthetic replacement, this collapse tends to increase significantly. PURPOSE This paper will report on the clinical success of this implant product in the fabrication of esthetic, functional, and harmonious replacements for missing single, natural teeth for a period of 8 years. METHOD A total of 275 single Ankylos implant tooth restorations in the anterior and posterior jaw regions were placed and monitored for 8 years. Of these, 264 implants were restored using the titanium Balance abutments, and only 11 were restored using ceramic abutments. The final restorations were either metal-ceramic or full-ceramic crowns and were cemented with glass ionomer cement. RESULTS The survival rate was 98.2%, with only 5 implants being lost during the healing phase. There were no other implant losses in the postloading period that averaged 3.2 years. To date, there have been no mechanical complications associated with the prosthetic components (ie, screw loosening, screw breaking, or crown breaking) for either the titanium or the ceramic abutments. CONCLUSIONS Experience with the Ankylos system with single-tooth replacement indications may be considered positive with regard to the esthetic and functional results of the treatment. The lack of mechanical complications and problems with the hard and soft tissue in the loading phase of the implants suggests the functional safety of the tapered connection between implant and abutment.
Technological Change, Energy, Environment and Economic Growth in Japan

A considerable amount of research has shown that that carbon tax combined with research subsidy may be regarded as an optimal policy in view of diffusing low carbon technologies for the benefit of the society. The paper exploits the macro economic approach of the endogenous growth models with technological change for a comparative assessment of these policy measures on the economic growth in the US and Japan in the medium and the long run. The results of our micro estimates reveal several important differences across the Japanese and US energy firms: lower elasticity of innovation production function in R&D expenditure, lower probability of a radical innovation, and larger advances of dirty technologies in Japan. This may explain our quantitative findings of stronger reliance on carbon tax than on research subsidies in Japan relative to the US.
Validity and Reliability of the Barthel Index Administered by Telephone

Background and Purpose— We aimed to evaluate validity and reliability of the Barthel Index administered telephonically compared with face-to-face assessment in clinically stable patients with stroke. Methods— One hundred thirty-one patients were interviewed twice by 2 registered nurses with identical training. Half of the patients were randomized to receive the telephone interview followed by the face-to-face interview and half the contrary. The sequence of interviewers was randomized. Results— The median value of the Barthel Index score was 30 (first to third interquartile range, 15 to 80) by telephone and 35 (15 to 75) by face-to-face (P=0.29). The weighted &kgr; was 0.90 (95% CI, 0.85 to 0.94); &kgr; values ranged from 0.70 (0.58 to 0.82) for bowel control to 0.91 (0.83 to 0.99) for bathing. Conclusions— Telephone assessment of stroke disability with the Barthel Index is reliable in comparison to direct face-to-face assessment.
A critical assessment of comparative molecular modeling of tertiary structures of proteins *

In spite of the tremendous increase in the rate at which protein structures are being determined, there is still an enormous gap between the numbers of known DNA‐derived sequences and the numbers of three‐dimensional structures. In order to shed light on the biological functions of the molecules, researchers often resort to comparative molecular modeling. Earlier work has shown that when the sequence alignment is in error, then the comparative model is guaranteed to be wrong. In addition, loops, the sites of insertions and deletions in families of homologous proteins, are exceedingly difficult to model. Thus, many of the current problems in comparative molecular modeling are minor versions of the global protein folding problem. In order to assess objectively the current state of comparative molecular modeling, 13 groups submitted blind predictions of seven different proteins of undisclosed tertiary structure. This assessment shows that where sequence identity between the target and the template structure is high (> 70%), comparative molecular modeling is highly successful. On the other hand, automated modeling techniques and sophisticated energy minimization methods fail to improve upon the starting structures when the sequence identity is low (∼30%). Based on these results it appears that insertions and deletions are still major problems. Successfully deducing the correct sequence alignment when the local similarity is low is still difficult. We suggest some minimal testing of submitted coordinates that should be required of authors before papers on comparative molecular modeling are accepted for publication in journals. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Information Loss over Time Defines the Memory Defect of Propofol: A Comparative Response with Thiopental and Dexmedetomidine

Background:Sedative–hypnotic drugs impair memory, but details regarding the nature of this effect are unknown. The influences of propofol, thiopental, and dexmedetomidine on the performance of a task that isolates specific components of episodic memory function were measured. Methods:Working (1 intervening item, 6 s) and long-term memory (10 intervening items, 33 s) were tested using auditory words in a continuous recognition task before and during drug administration. Eighty-three volunteer participants were randomly assigned to receive a constant target concentration of drug or placebo, producing sedative effects from imperceptible to unresponsiveness. Responsive participants were categorized as high or low performers, using a median split of long-term memory performance during drug administration. Recognition of words at the end of the study day was assessed. Results:High performers had acquisition of material into long-term memory when drug was present at the same level as placebo. Retention of this material at 225 min was significantly less for propofol (39 ± 23% loss of material) than for other drugs (17–23% loss; P < 0.01). Greater sedation in low performers was evident in multiple measures. Memory for words presented before drug was no different from that associated with placebo for all groups. Conclusions:Lack of retention of material acquired into long-term memory during propofol administration, associated with minimal sedation, seems to define drug-induced amnesia. Sedation seems to impair the acquisition or encoding of material into long-term memory. Therefore, the putative targets of drug-induced amnesia by propofol are processes associated with retention of material in long-term memory.
EVOLUTION OF MATING SYSTEM AND THE GENETIC COVARIANCE BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE INVESTMENT IN CLARKIA (ONAGRACEAE): SELFING OPPOSES THE EVOLUTION OF TRADE-OFFS

Abstract Sex allocation theory has assumed that hermaphroditic species exhibit strong genetically based trade-offs between investment in male and female function. The potential effects of mating system on the evolution of this genetic covariance, however, have not been explored. We have challenged the assumption of a ubiquitous trade-off between male and female investment by arguing that in highly self-fertilizing species, stabilizing natural selection should favor highly efficient ratios of male to female gametes. In flowering plants, the result of such selection would be similar pollen:ovule (P:O) ratios across selfing genotypes, precluding a negative genetic correlation (rg) between pollen and ovule production per flower. Moreover, if selfing genotypes with similar P:O ratios differ in total gametic investment per flower, a positive rg between pollen and ovule production would be observed. In outcrossers, by contrast, male- and female-biased flowers and genotypes may have equal fitness and coexist at evolutionary equilibrium. In the absence of strong stabilizing selection on the P:O ratio, selection on this trait will be relaxed, resulting in independence or resource-based trade-offs between male and female investment. To test this prediction, we conducted artificial selection on pollen and ovule production per flower in two sister species with contrasting mating systems. The predominantly self-fertilizing species (Clarkia exilis) consistently exhibited a significant positive rg between pollen and ovule production while the outcrossing species (C. unguiculata) exhibited either a trade-off or independence between these traits. Clarkia exilis also exhibited much more highly canalized gender expression than C. unguiculata. Selection on pollen and ovule production resulted in little correlated change in the P:O ratio in the selfing exilis, while dramatic changes in the P:O ratio were observed in unguiculata. To test the common prediction that floral attractiveness should be positively genetically correlated with investment in male function, we examined the response of petal area to selection on pollen and ovule production and found that petal area was not consistently genetically correlated with gender expression in either species. Our results suggest that the joint evolutionary trajectory of primary sexual traits in hermaphroditic species will be affected by their mating systems; this should be taken into account in future theoretical and comparative empirical investigations.