Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nitric oxide signaling in the central nervous system.

Nitric oxide (NO) was first recognized as a messenger molecule in the central nervous system (eNS) in 1988 (52), when it was identified as the unstable intercellular factor that had been hypothesized, a year earlier (53), to mediate the increased cyclic GMP (cGMP) levels that occur on activation of glutamate receptors, particularly those of the NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) subtype. The presence of an NO-forming enzyme (NO synthase, or NOS) in the brain was later confirmed (74), and this enzyme was subsequently purified (14) and its cDNA cloned and sequenced (12). The discovery that NO functions as a signaling molecule in the brain opened a new dimension in our concept of neural communication, one overlaying the classical picture of chemical neurotransmission, where information is passed between neuronal elements at discrete loci (synapses), and in one direction, with a diffusive type of signal that disregards the spatial constraints on neu­ rotransmitter activity normally imposed by membranes, transporters, and in­ activating enzymes. In principle, NO could spread out from its site of produc­ tion to influence many different tissue elements (neuronal, glial, and vascular) that are not necessarily in close anatomical juxtaposition. During the past few years, much information on the enzymology and mo­ lecular characteristics of NO synthesis has accrued, as reviewed in other articles in this volume. Furthermore, data from immunocytochemistry, in situ hybridization, and NADPH diaphorase histochemistry have combined to give
A imagem - texto no ensino aprendizagem de lingua estrangeira

The theme of this work is the use of images and their relation with text in English as a foreign language teaching books. The work hopes to answer the following question: “how the use of images and their relation with texts in foreign language teaching books influence learning a second language? ” To answer this question the following themes are dealt with: definition of image and text; theories about text-image relations and; use of images in the context of foreign language learning. Furthermore an analytical study of the English teaching book Touchstone is presented in what refers to its editorial structure, visual presentation and text-image relations. Also a study carried out with English basic level students and teachers of the Celin-UFPR is presented. This study consisted in a questionnaire and interviews aiming at knowing how and if the research participants use images in learning and teaching and how they perceive the text-image relations described by Schriver (1997). In the end the conclusions reached are that images are important and useful in learning a foreign language and students and teachers in general seem to perceive the text-image relations. Moreover it is proposed two recommendations in the design of foreign language teaching books activities which use images as a means to learn. Despite those conclusions and recommendations, this work is an exploratory research which needs further investigations to confirm its findings.
The clinician–educator has no clothes

“. actually see patients in respiratory failure on ventilation” (O’Connor et al. 2017). These are experiential learning phenomena, which can, if recognized, be enhanced by encouraging students to reflect on and to form learning concepts from their experiences. A social learning construct can also help explain student learning in the ICU. Vicarious learning occurs when students observe the behaviors of healthcare staff managing time-critical aspects of acute illness, such as collecting and applying clinical information, and conducting therapeutic interventions (O’Connor et al. 2017). We employ strategies to maximize learning when this occurs. With sufficient clinical staff present to manage an acute event (for example an inpatient with hypotension), we run a parallel “tutorial commentary” with students, noting the actions and behaviors of the healthcare staff, discussing how and why they are performed. If staff numbers prohibit this approach, students observe the scenario and participate in a subsequent “clinical debriefing”. The unwell, non-communicative ICU patient also presents challenges to students learning the art of historytaking and clinical examination. Clinical reasoning instead becomes a constructivist process of discovery learning and problem-solving, whereby an adjustment in learning method makes the student “. more like a detective than if you had someone who could talk to you” (O’Connor et al. 2017). Clinicians should provide students with opportunities to construct differential diagnoses and management plans for unwell patients during ICU clerkships. In summary, patients with acute illness can be at the center of undergraduate observational learning episodes in the ICU without jeopardizing their safety, dignity or acute care.
Failure Criteria of Gas-Infiltrated Sandy Shale Based on the Effective Stress Principle

Pore gas has a significant influence on rock strength. This study performed triaxial compression tests of gas-infiltrated sandy shale samples to investigate the strength characteristics under gas pressures of 0 and 2 MPa. The effective stress coefficient was evaluated while considering the gas and solid coupling effect, and was found to decrease with increasing confining pressure. The calculated and different assumed coefficient values (0 and 1) were applied to obtain the effective principal stress. The experimental results would serve as fundamental strength data for fitting analysis in failure criterion work. The Mohr-Coulomb, Hoek-Brown, Drucker-Prager, linear Mogi, and non-linear Mogi criteria were modified based on the effective stress principle of porous rock. In addition, the RMSE , cohesion, and internal friction angle were utilized for a quantitative criterion comparison. The results showed that the Mohr-Coulomb, Drucker-Prager, and linear Mogi failure criteria led to higher errors, whereas the Hoek-Brown criterion gave an apparent distortion as a result of the empirical strength parameters. Moreover, the non-linear Mogi criterion showed a good fit. The predicted strength was overestimated when α = 0 and underestimated when α = 1, with a more accurate strength estimated when the effective stress coefficient was calculated using the effective stress principle.
Characterizing Acquired Resistance to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in an EGFR Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Line

Traditional treatments for lung adenocarcinomas do not produce impressive improvements in patient health. Newly developed biologically-based treatments exploit sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) conferred by somatic mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) found in certain lung adenocarcinomas. However, almost every patient acquires resistance to TKI treatment, and resistance mechanisms in about 30% of cases remain unclear. In the past, the Pao Lab has characterized multiple mechanisms of acquired resistance using isogenic pairs of drug-sensitive and –resistant EGFR-mutant cell line models as well as correlative human data. To potentially discover novel resistance mechanisms, in this project a new in vitro cell line model of acquired resistance was developed using human lung adenocarcinoma EGFRmutant HCC2279 cells. Preliminary characterization of mechanisms of resistance in these cells was done using mutational profiling, growth inhibition assays, immunoblotting, and light microscopy. Compared to parental cells, the HCC2279 resistant (HCC2279R) cells contained the same lung cancer mutations (exon 19 deletion only), appeared to have an EGFR-independent mechanism of resistance, and were not dependent upon signaling through MET, a receptor tyrosine kinase that shares downstream targets of EGFR that can bypass the need for EGFR in some patients with acquired resistance. HCC2279R cells did display histological and molecular features of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), where cells lose cell-cell junctions and became more aggressive. EMT has been found in some patients with acquired resistance. Thus, HCC2279R cells may be useful in understanding how EGFR-mutant lung cancer becomes resistant to TKIs via EMT.
Old-Growth Forests Can Accumulate Carbon in Soils

Old-growth forests have traditionally been considered negligible as carbon sinks because carbon uptake has been thought to be balanced by respiration. We show that the top 20-centimeter soil layer in preserved old-growth forests in southern China accumulated atmospheric carbon at an unexpectedly high average rate of 0.61 megagrams of carbon hectare-1 year-1 from 1979 to 2003. This study suggests that the carbon cycle processes in the belowground system of these forests are changing in response to the changing environment. The result directly challenges the prevailing belief in ecosystem ecology regarding carbon budget in old-growth forests and supports the establishment of a new, nonequilibrium conceptual framework to study soil carbon dynamics
Temporal profile of ultrastructural changes in cortical neurons after a photochemical lesion

A photochemical lesion was induced in the right sensory motor cortex of rat brains. We examined at various time points the occurrence of different types of neuronal death with respect to a potential therapeutic window. The lesion appearance was documented by magnetic resonance imaging, and functional recovery was evaluated by behavioral tests showing recovery at 48 hr after lesioning. At 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hr postlesion, cortical layers IV and V were examined by light and electron microscopy. Ultrastructural changes, which corresponded well to light microscopy findings, were found in both hemispheres. In the lesioned area, the neuropil appeared disorganized at 0.5 hr, and apoptotic and necrotic cell death was found at 0.5–3 hr. After 3 hr, the tissue was disintegrated. On the contralateral side, chromatin clumping appeared at 0.5–3 hr. At 3 hr, ruptured membranes were found, a sign of irreversible cell death. At 6–72 hr, the membranes were intact, and the chromatin was not clumped but heterogeneously distributed. The nuclei contained dispersed nucleoli at 48–72 hr. The morphology correlated well with magnetic resonance images and functional behavior. Our study demonstrates that a photochemical lesion is a useful model for studying morphological changes in injured cells. It results in a permanent infarction within 3 hr. In that the morphology on the contralateral side drastically changed between 3 and 6 hr, the cellular alterations at these time points might represent a break point at which cells either progress toward cell death or recover. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Epidermis of Grhl3-Null Mice Displays Altered Lipid Processing and Cellular Hyperproliferation

The presence of an impermeable surface barrier is an essential homeostatic mechanism in almost all living organisms. We have recently described a novel gene that is critical for the developmental instruction and repair of the integument in mammals. This gene, Grainy head-like 3 (Grhl3) is a member of a large family of transcription factors that are homologs of the Drosophila developmental gene grainy head (grh). Mice lacking Grhl3 fail to form an adequate skin barrier, and die at birth due to dehydration. These animals are also unable to repair the epidermis, exhibiting failed wound healing in both fetal and adult stages of development. These defects are due, in part, to diminished expression of a Grhl3 target gene, Transglutaminase 1 (TGase 1), which encodes a key enzyme involved in cross-linking of epidermal structural proteins and lipids into the cornified envelope (CE). Remarkably, the Drosophila grh gene plays an analogous role, regulating enzymes involved in the generation of quinones, which are essential for cross-linking structural components of the fly epidermis. In an extension of our initial analyses, we focus this report on additional defects observed in the Grhl3-null epidermis, namely defective extracellular lipid processing, altered lamellar lipid architecture and cellular hyperproliferation. These abnormalities suggest that Grhl3 plays diverse mechanistic roles in maintaining homeostasis in the skin.
Acute Sleep Deprivation is Associated with Increased QT Dispersion in Healthy Young Adults

Background: Sleep deprivation (SD) is known to be associated with worse cardiovascular outcome including mortality. We investigated the association between acute SD and electrocardiographic maximum QT interval (QTmax), QT, and corrected QT dispersion (QTd/cQTd), which are known to be among predictors of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death.
Strain estimation of moving tissue based on automatic motion compensation by ultrasound visual servoing

This paper presents a robot-assisted system to obtain elastic information of a moving tissue using a 2-D ultrasound probe actuated by a 6 degrees of freedom robotic arm. The proposed method combines ultrasound image-based visual servoing, force control and non-rigid motion estimation. We present how the motion estimation, while the force control and visual sevoing are enabled, is useful to compute the strain map of the tissue. Ex-vivo experiments performed on a moving abdominal phantom demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of this methodology to compute the strain information of a tissue in motion.
Species diversity and foundation species: Potential indicators of fisheries yields and marine ecosystem functioning.

Recent calls to incorporate ecosystem-based approaches, which consider multiple physical and biological aspects of a system instead of a single stock, into fisheries management have proven challenging to implement. Here, we suggest that managers can use the diversity of species in an area and the presence of foundation species as two indicators of marine ecosystem functioning. We used data from the 2006 sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) test fishery in the inside waters of southeastern Alaska to evaluate the relationship between the diversity of fish species present in an area and the abundance of both target and total fish caught. We found that areas where more fish species were present were characterized by higher catch levels of both sablefish and total fish, suggesting that diversity may be a reasonable indicator of fishery yields and productivity. Furthermore, because the incidence of deep-water coral was also logged in the surveys, we explored the relationship between coral, which provides habitat for groundfish, and catch levels. We found that abundances were highest where coral was present. Finally, we conducted meta-analyses of the importance of marine foundation species, such as corals, kelps, seagrasses, and oyster reefs, in promoting the diversity and abundance of associated taxa and found that diversity was 1.4-fold higher and abundances were 3.4-fold higher where these habitat-forming species were present. Together, these results suggest that biodiversity and the presence of foundation species can serve as useful indicators of a marine ecosystem’s ability to provide the goods, services, and functions that we and other organisms rely on. We therefore suggest that these indicators be incorporated into fisheries management strategies.
Nonsurgical Lower Eyelid Lift

Treatment of inherited or age-related hollowing of the lower eyelid has been previously described with autologous fat but not with injectable hyaluronic acid. We describe a novel method for improving the appearance of a hollow periorbital region by injecting hyaluronic acid along the inferior orbital rim and malar bone. The soft tissues of the periorbital region including the lower and upper eyelids, nasojugal groove, and supraorbital rim may lack volume as an inherited trait or lose volume with age.1 This gives rise to a hollow area below the lower eyelid and a tired appearance. This hollow produces a shadow, particularly in vertical light, that is difficult to conceal with makeup. The “natural” dark color of the skin on the medial aspect of the nasojugal groove and the periorbital hollow causes patients to appear tired even when they are well rested. The approach to rejuvenation of the periorbital area continues to evolve from strictly surgical procedures to the practice of new techniques that are safer and allow for greater aesthetic control. The hollow may be corrected on a permanent basis with microfat grafting and/or lower eyelid surgery or temporarily with an injectable hyaluronic acid. The correction is performed in the office under local anesthesia, with minimal downtime and discomfort. The correction lasts 5 to 8 months and in some cases up to 1 year and includes minimal complications. The principle is to fill the deepest part of the infraorbital hollow or nasojugal groove, which extends to the lateral inferior orbital rim. By placing the filler at the deepest level of the hollow, the filler is covered by the periosteum, sub–orbicularis oculi fat, orbicularis oculi muscle, and skin. This multilayer covering conceals the product, allows for ease of manipulation if there are irregularities detected, and allows placement of the material in a large bolus confined to a small area. The large bolus of hyaluronic acid undergoes slow degradation and is placed at a level where the tissue is immobile and will therefore last longer. When filler is placed superficially, it is more readily palpable and visible, particularly when the patient is smiling, and can result in the appearance of a bluish tint to the skin.
The Preferences and Perspectives of Nephrologists on Patients’ Access to Kidney Transplantation: A Systematic Review

We aimed to describe nephrologists’ attitudes to patients’ access to kidney transplantation. Studies that assessed nephrologists’ perspectives toward patient referral, screening, and eligibility for kidney transplantation were synthesized. Twenty-four studies (n≥4695) were included. Patients with comorbidities, were nonadherent, of older age, ethnic minorities, or low socioeconomic status were less likely to be recommended. Six themes underpinned nephrologists’ perspectives: prioritizing individual benefit and safety, maximizing efficiency, patient accountability, justifying gains, protecting unit outcomes, and reluctance to raise patients’ expectations. Evidence-based guidelines may support systematic and equitable decision-making. Interventions for high-risk or disadvantaged patient populations could reduce disparities in access to transplantation.
Evaluating high leakage effects of low V/sub TH/ circuits using high V/sub TH/ devices

A scheme to emulate leakage current of low threshold voltage MOSFETs using high threshold voltage MOSFETs is proposed. The leakage current at any threshold voltage lower than the original threshold voltage can be emulated without any changes in the manufacturing process. Furthermore, a single test structure can be used to measure the subthreshold leakage current at various threshold voltages. The DIBL (Drain Induced Barrier Lowering), source control, and substrate bias effects can be reproduced by the scheme. A test chip is manufactured and measured to show the validity of the proposed leakage emulator.
Transcriptomic response of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. roots to ibuprofen

ABSTRACT Surface waters in urban areas are contaminated by ibuprofen (IBP), a popular and extensively used anti-inflammatory drug. In this study, we investigated the transcriptomic response in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. roots with the aim of revealing genes that are potentially involved in IBP detoxification and elucidating the effect of IBP on plants. IBP upregulated 63 and downregulated 38 transcripts (p-value < 0.1, fold change ≥2) after 2-day exposure to a 5-µM (1.03 mg/L) concentration of IBP under hydroponic conditions. Although the IBP concentration used in the experiment was highly relative to the concentrations found in rivers and wastewater, the number of genes with transcriptional changes was relatively low. The upregulation of cytochrome P450s, glutathione S-transferases, and UDP-glycosyltransferases indicates the occurrence of IBP oxidation in the first phase, followed by conjugation with glutathione and sugar in the second detoxification phase. ABC transporters could be involved in the transport of IBP and its metabolites. The identification of genes potentially involved in IBP detoxification could be useful in an IBP phytoremediation approach.
Cross-talk related to insulin and angiotensin II binding on myocardial remodelling in diabetic rat hearts

This study focused on the regulation and affinity modulation of angiotensin II (Ang II) binding to its receptor subtypes (AT1- and AT2-receptor) in the coronary endothelium (CE) and cardiomyocytes (CM) of Sprague-Dawley male rats in normal (N), normal treated with losartan (NL), streptozotocin-induced diabetic (D), insulin-treated diabetic (DI), losartan-treated diabetic (DL), and diabetic co-treated with insulin and losartan (DIL). Heart perfusion was used to estimate Ang II binding affinity (τ=1/k-n) to its receptor subtypes on CE and CM. Diabetes decreased τ value on CE and increased it on CM as compared to normal. In DL group, the τ value decreased on CE but was normalised on CM. Insulin treatment alone (DI) or with losartan (DIL) restored τ to normal on both CE and CM.Western blot results for AT -receptor density showed an increase in diabetics compared to normal with no normalising effect with insulin treatment.The AT1-receptor density was normalised in the diabetic groups treated with losartan +/- insulin. Results for AT2 receptor regulation revealed a significant difference between untreated (D) and losartan-treated (DL, DIL) diabetic groups.All of these data show the interrelated pathway and cross-talk between insulin and Ang II system indicating potentially negative effects on the diabetic heart.
A toolbox for the symbolic analysis and simulation of linear analog circuits

This paper presents a Matlab toolbox for the symbolic analysis and simulation of linear analog circuits. The simulator uses Modified Nodal Analysis (MNA) method to solve linear networks in the s-domain and exploits the Symbolic Math Toolbox for post-processing and numerical simulation. Starting from a SPICE-like netlist, the tool evaluates the circuit node voltages and the current in each independent voltage source. Algorithms for the simplification, with potential order reduction, of symbolic expressions were also developed. The tool is highly customizable and exploits the potentialities of Matlab environment for numerical simulations. A design example confirming the effectiveness of the proposed tool is given.
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 DNA Polymerase Requires the Mammalian Chaperone Hsp90 for Proper Localization to the Nucleus

ABSTRACT Many viruses and bacteriophage utilize chaperone systems for DNA replication and viral morphogenesis. We have previously shown that in the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-infected cell nucleus, foci enriched in the Hsp70/Hsp40 chaperone machinery are formed adjacent to viral replication compartments (A. D. Burch and S. K. Weller, J. Virol. 78:7175-7185, 2004). These foci have now been named virus-induced chaperone-enriched (VICE) foci. Since the Hsp90 chaperone machinery is known to engage the Hsp70/Hsp40 system in eukaryotes, the subcellular localization of Hsp90 in HSV-1-infected cells was analyzed. Hsp90 is found within viral replication compartments as well as in the Hsp70/Hsp40-enriched foci. Geldanamycin, an inhibitor of Hsp90, results in decreased HSV-1 yields and blocks viral DNA synthesis. Furthermore, we have found that the viral DNA polymerase is mislocalized to the cytoplasm in both infected and transfected cells in the presence of geldanamycin. Additionally, in the presence of an Hsp90 inhibitor, proteasome-dependent degradation of the viral polymerase was detected by Western blot analysis. These data identify the HSV-1 polymerase as a putative client protein of the Hsp90 chaperone system. Perturbations in this association appear to result in degradation, aberrant folding, and/or intracellular localization of the viral polymerase.