Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Jaceosidin inhibits proliferation of human bladder cancer T24 cells through induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis

Jaceosidin, isolated from Artemesia argyi , has been shown to possess promising anticancer potential against various cancer cells. However, its effect against bladder cancer cells remained unknown. In this study, for the first time, we investigated the effects of jaceosidin on cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis in bladder cancer T24 cells by using MTT assay and flow cytometric analysis. The results revealed that jaceosidin decreased the cell viability of bladder cancer T24 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that jaceosidin significantly triggered apoptosis in T24 cells and arrested cell cycle at G2/M phase in a time-dependent manner. Further characterization showed that jaceosidin-induced apoptosis is associated with dissipation in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ m ), up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2 in jaceosidin-treated T24 cells. These in vitro results suggested that jaceosidin should be further examined for in vivo activity and molecular mechanism in human bladder cancer. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/bjp.v8i3. 15620 Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology Vol.8(3) 2013 349-356
Telomerase Biogenesis and Activities from the Perspective of Its Direct Interacting Partners

Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT)—the catalytic subunit of telomerase—is reactivated in up to 90% of all human cancers. TERT is observed in heterogenous populations of protein complexes, which are dynamically regulated in a cell type- and cell cycle-specific manner. Over the past two decades, in vitro protein–protein interaction detection methods have discovered a number of endogenous TERT binding partners in human cells that are responsible for the biogenesis and functionalization of the telomerase holoenzyme, including the processes of TERT trafficking between subcellular compartments, assembly into telomerase, and catalytic action at telomeres. Additionally, TERT have been found to interact with protein species with no known telomeric functions, suggesting that these complexes may contribute to non-canonical activities of TERT. Here, we survey TERT direct binding partners and discuss their contributions to TERT biogenesis and functions. The goal is to review the comprehensive spectrum of TERT pro-malignant activities, both telomeric and non-telomeric, which may explain the prevalence of its upregulation in cancer.
Spore dispersal and plant disease gradients: a comparison between two empirical models

Power law and exponential models were fitted to 325 sets of observations which described decreases with distance in deposition of air-borne or splash-borne spores, or pollen, or in amounts of plant disease caused by fungi, bacteria or viruses. There, was generally little difference between the models in the goodness of fit to these data, although deposition gradients for spores borne in splash droplets were fitted better by exponential models and gradients for fungi with air-borne spores less than 10 μm in diameter were fitted better by power law models. The exponential model has the property that the observed variable decreases by half as the distance from the source increases by a constant increment (the half-distance); this provides a measureof the gradient that is more easy to visualize than the exponent in power law model. The half-distances of gradients for air-borne pathogens were greater than those for splash-borne or soil-borne pathogens. The exponential model is easier to incorporate into models of disease development than the power law model because the boundary condition at the source (the estimated number of spores or amount of disease at the source) is finite rather than infinite. However, both these empirical models have limitations and should not be extrapolated to distances outside the observed range.
First record of the genus Paracaristius (Perciformes: Caristiidae) from the Pacific of Central America, with comments on their association with the siphonophore Praya reticulata (Siphonophorae: Prayidae)

Centro deInvestigacio ´n en Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia (CIMAR), Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, 11501–2060 San Jose, Costa RicaManeﬁsharenotverycommonandthere arefewobservationsofassociationswithotherorganisms. AnadultofthemaneﬁshParacaristius maderensis and a juvenile of Paracaristius sp. are reported for the ﬁrst time for the Paciﬁc coast of CentralAmerica. The adult specimen (215 mm standard length) was captured off Panama, at a depth of 1000 m. The juvenile spe-cimen (17.5 mm standard length) was recorded on video, in association with the siphonophore Praya reticulata at Isla delCoco National Park, Costa Rica, at a depth of 100 m. A brief description of specimens supporting this record as well as com-parative morphometric data and distributional information are provided. The ﬁsh–siphonophore association is illustrated.Keywords: new records, eastern Paciﬁc, maneﬁsh, siphonophores, symbiosis, Costa Rica, Isla del Coco
What shapes local density? The importance of migration rates and local growth for density‐patch size relationships in two Cionus weevils

1. The relative effect of migration and local growth on the spatio‐temporal density‐distribution of two co‐existing herbivorous weevils, Cionus scrophulariae L. and C. tuberculosus Scop. , in 32 host plant Scrophularia nodosa L. patches of varying sizes was investigated.
Evolutionary dispersal drives the latitudinal diversity gradient of stony corals

The diversity of stony corals displays one of the most exemplary latitudinal gradients on the planet, yet the evolutionary dynamics that produced this pattern remains unclear. Using both paleontological and distributional data, we compare the origination, extinction and immigration levels between low and high latitudes since the earliest proliferation of the group during the mid-Triassic. Altogether, first and last occurrence localities in the fossil record do not support a positive preference towards either latitudinal bin. Nonetheless, considering past and present scleractinian fauna, the process of extinction has been apparently more pronounced at higher latitudes based on face values and correlation coefficients. Far above these differences, immigration of extant taxa has been substantially higher towards the tropics than to temperate regions. While the net dispersal toward low latitudes persists in all temporal intervals, the gradient of diversity was largely built up during the Cenozoic Era and only becomes significantly steep from the Neogene Period onwards. This dynamic supports the ‘into the tropical museum’ model, which suggests that tropics have historically acted as a center of accumulation for marine biodiversity.
The Influence of Nitrogen, Light and Water Stress on CO2 Exchange and Organic Acid Accumulation in the Tropical C3–CAM Tree, Clusia minor

The carbon balance and changes in leaf structure in Clusia minor L. were investigated in controlled conditions with regard to nitrogen supply and responses to low and high photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Nitrogen deficiency and high PAR led to the production of smaller leaves with higher specific leaf dry weight (SLD W) and higher leaf water content, but with lower chlorophyll content. Nitrogen and PAR levels at growth also affected C02 exchange and leaf area. In — N conditions, total daily net C02 uptake and leaf area accumulation were slightly less for high-PTP-grown plants. In contrast, high-P/f P-grown plants supplied with nitrogen showed about a 4-fold higher total daily C02 uptake and about twice the total leaf area of low-PAR grown plants. Although total daily net C02 uptake of +N plants was only slightly higher than — N plants under the low PAR level, +N plants produced almost three times more leaf area but with lower SLDW. Under well-watered conditions, low-P/l P-grown plants showed only C02 evolution during the night and malic acid levels decreased. However, there was considerable night-time accumulation of titratable protons due to day/night changes in citric acid levels. High-PTP-grown plants showed net C02 uptake, malate and citrate accumulation during the dark period. However, most of the C02 fixed at night probably came from respiratory C02. Positive night-time C02 exchange was readily observed for low PA P-grown plants when they were transferred to high PAR conditions or when they were submitted to water stress. In plants grown in high and low PAR, CAM leads to a substantial increase in daily water use efficiency for water-stressed plants, although total net C02 uptake decreased.
A potyvirus isolated from solanaceous hosts

A potyvirus was isolated from Datura stramonium, Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) and Solanum nigrum in the Yemen. It was transmitted mechanically and by Myzus persicae in a non-persistent manner. Its flexuous rod-shaped particles had a mean length of 719 nm and some of its pinwheel inclusion bodies in infected Nicotiana clevelandii leaves were unusual in that they were dichotomously branched. The virus infected various solanaceous species, but the symptoms it induced were distinct from those of pepper veinal mottle (PVMV) and potato Y viruses. Its particles were purified from N. glutinosa and their coat protein had an atypically high molecular mass a potyvirus of 41·5 kDa. They showed a distant serological relationship to those of PVMV and potato virus V in ISEM decoration tests, but did not react with antisera to particles of any other potyvirus tested. The virus has been tentatively named tomato mild mottle virus.
Imitation model of unbalanced rotor on fluid-film bearings

Diagnostics of rotating machines is taking a new step forward with the development of intellectual technologies based on predictive and machine learning tools. Despite having a range of advantages compared to humans in terms of big data processing powers, correlation and various feature extraction possibilities, and swiftness of operation, such systems are limited by measurement system elements in terms of their parameters: sensors and ADCs with their sensitivity properties and accuracy restrictions, microprocessors with limitation of processing powers, etc. Experimental data is used to recreate experimental environment in simulation of induced unbalance. The imitation model is based on rotor dynamics equations of rotor motion, Reynolds equation to estimate reaction forces of a fluid-film bearing and takes into account sensor parameters and position, gear coupling effect and other measurement system elements parameters. The results show that under certain conditions it becomes impossible to successfully track unbalance which in real conditions could lead to malfunction or failure of a rotor machine.
Nitrous oxide in 2010: who will have the last laugh? (Part 1)

Nitrous oxide (N2O) has been a part of anaesthetic practice for over 150 years. During this time, its reputation has seesawed. Today, anaesthetic opinion seems to have swung away from its use. To ascertain whether this is based on sound scienti c principles, or can be ascribed to a shift in “medical fashion”, a Pubmed search for all articles containing the terms “nitrous oxide” and “anaesthesia” was conducted for the period 2004 to 2009. Relevant articles were selected and supplemented with appropriate articles from their references. This three-part series thus reviews the current knowledge of nitrous oxide. In this, the  rst article of the series, the history and basic science are reviewed. The focus is on the latest knowledge regarding mechanisms of action and possible pathophysiological mechanisms, and the clinical relevance thereof. New considerations regarding preoperative assessment and premedication are also presented. The remainder of the series will deal with the clinical controversies surrounding nitrous oxide, analyse claimed risks and bene ts, and discuss its role in 2010.
Bovine immunoglobulin G, β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin and serum albumin in colostrum and milk during the early post partum period

Colostrum and milk samples from 60 Holstein–Friesian cows were analysed for concentrations and yields of immunoglobulin G (IgG), β-lactoglobulin (β-lg), α-lactalbumin (α-la) and serum albumin (BSA) throughout the first 16 milkings post partum (8 d of lactation) using a single radial immunodiffusion assay. Concentrations (mg/ml, means±SD) at first milking were IgG 59·8±28·5, β-lg 14·3±4·6, α-la 2·04±0·6, BSA 1·21±0·44. Large variations were recorded for IgG concentrations (15·3–176·2 mg/ml) and yields (0·2–925 g). Cows in their first lactation produced significantly lower concentrations and yields of colostral IgG than cows in later lactations. A colostral yield of IgG below the 100 g required to prevent calf hypo-γ-globulinaemia was found in 18·3% of the cows. The concentrations of IgG, β-lg and BSA dropped abruptly in subsequent milkings and α-la concentration decreased slowly. The mean IgG concentration was <2 mg/ml after eight milkings and <1 mg/ml after fifteen milkings. However, IgG concentration did not differ significantly, at the 1% level, during milkings 11–15. The results were tabulated to make it possible to calculate the excess of whey proteins that would be obtained if early milks were illegally added to the milk supply.
Synchronous and nonsynchronous population fluctuations of some predators and their prey in central Sweden

To test the alternative prey hypothesis (APH), we examined 29-yr time series of bank voles (indexed by snap-trapping) and 6 game species (indexed by bag records) from Givleborg county, central Sweden, for the occurrence of synchronous population fluctuations. Only voles and the 3 grouse species exhibited cyclic fluctuations; grouse fluctuations were highly synchronous, and positively correlated with vole fluctuations. Although hares were positively correlated with grouse, they were negatively correlated with voles. Fox were positively correlated with voles and grouse; however, a strong negative relationship was observed between fox and hares. During a sharp decline in fox numbers during the early 1980's due to sarcoptic mange, both grouse and hares exhibited a strong positive numerical response, but, not in synchrony. In addition, grouse exhibited large fluctuations during the fox decrease whereas hares did not. Due to the contradictory predator-prey interactions observed, these results provide only partial support for APH.
To the Editor

The use of preload, ephedrine and phenylephrine for prevention and treatment of post-spinal hypotension was comprehensively covered by Lamacroft. A rare but extremely dangerous situation is the development of hypotension and/or bradycardia associated with a decreased level of consciousness. This is an indication for urgent administration of adrenalin in boluses of 50-200 mcg (0.52ml of a solution of 1mg adrenalin in 10ml diluent). Auroy identified the failure to use adrenalin early after loss of consciousness due to hypotension from spinal anaesthesia as the major risk factor for poor outcome. A practical method of differentiating extreme post spinal hypotension associated with subjective dyspnea from a high spinal relies on the similar innervation of biceps and diaphragm. While many parturients undergoing caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia will experience hypotension with subjective dyspnea due to intercostal and abdominal block. However, upper limb function is almost invariably maintained, so that if the parturient is able to touch her nose with her forefinger both clinician and patient can be reassured that diaphragmatic function remains intact and the diagnosis of a high spinal may thus be excluded and aggressive vasopressor treatment continued. Hyperbaric bupivacaine as the local anaesthetic agent of choice for caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia, as advocated by Lamacroft provides a reliable T4 block with a limited potential for extension to cervical levels if the operating table is level or up to 10 o head up and cervical flexion is maintained by at least two pillows under the head and shoulders. Post dural puncture headache (PDPH) may be a particular problem in South Africa where small gauge or atraumatic needles my not be available due to cost issues. If only large Quincke needles are available a paramedian approach reduces PDPH as the loosely adherent arachnoid is punctured medial to the dural puncture creating an arachnoid flap that closes the dural hole. A series of 4465 spinal anaesthetics using 20G Quincke needles by the paramedian approach was reported by Hatfalvi with no patient developing a PDPH requiring blood patching. Aseptic technique is essential for the performance of dural puncture. Development of an epidural abscess or meningitis is a devastating complication that is easily preventable by simple infection control measures. These measures should be as strict as for the performance of a surgical procedure including a full scrub, gown, gloves and especially a facemask. The use of facemasks is mandatory given a case report of three cases of post spinal infection in which the same staphylococcus was cultured from the patient and the nose of the anaesthesiologist involved. I would like to thank Dr. Lamacroft on her excellent review of complications associated with regional anaesthesia for Caesarean section.
Avian Communal Breeding Systems

Communal breeding in birds may be the most critical test case for the application of Hamilton's (54, 55) ideas about inclusive fitness, altruism, and kin selection (73a) among vertebrates. Avian communal breeding systems (A CBS) feature precisely that phenomenon that seems most likely to require kin selection as a part of its evolutionary explanation, namely, the presence of a form of operational altruism [in which gains and losses are empirically determined ( 1 6)] known as helping behavior. A helper was defined by Skutch (99) as "a bird which assists in the nesting of an individual other than its mate, or feeds or otherwise attends a bird of whatever age which is neither its mate nor its dependent offspring. " The obvious questions are then: (a) What selection pressures shape the kind and degree of helping behavior? (b) Is kin selection implicated in an evolutionary explanation of helping behavior, and, if so, to what extent? (c) Does helping behav­ ior qualify as altruism in the sense of Hamilton? As subjects for the study of such questions among vertebrates, communal birds have numerous practical advantages. The number of avian species having helpers runs in the hundreds. The giving of food and other kinds of aid by helpers to recipients is easily observable and quantifiable. The genetic relatedness of the partici­ pants can be determined by following successive generations of individually marked animals. Most species are diurnal, relatively conspicuous, and easily watched. Their small home ranges enable numerous social units to be monitored.
Invasive ring‐necked parakeets Psittacula krameri in Belgium: habitat selection and impact on native birds

There is a large and growing number of alien species in ecosystems all over the world. In view of this, management efforts should concentrate on invasives that have detrimental effects on native biota. However, action against invasives is often hindered by a lack of relevant ecological information such as the expected distribution and impact of the invader. Our aims were to identify the habitat characteristics that influence ring-necked parakeet abundance in Belgium and to assess the effects of competition for nesting cavities with native hole-nesters. We determined the abundance of parakeets and native hole-nesters in 44 study sites using point counts. We examined the relationship between parakeet numbers and a set of habitat and landscape variables and to assess the effect of competition, we studied the relationships between the number of parakeets and the number of native hole-nesters. We found that parakeet abundance differs between vegetation types based on dominant tree species, and that abundance is higher in forests or parks surrounded by built-up areas. Parakeet numbers were also strongly associated with cavity density, suggesting that this may be a limiting factor. Of the two native hole-nesters considered to be the most vulnerable to competition (nuthatch and starling), we found a negative association with parakeet numbers for the nuthatch only. No relations were found with starlings or any of the other hole-nesting species examined. These findings should be considered in the debate concerning the possible need of action against this species.
Development of a Mo-free Low Alloy Steel for Flow Accelerated Corrosion Resistance in Secondary Pipeline of PWRs

Flow accelerated corrosion (FAC) is one of the most severe corrosion phenomenon, which eventually leads to wall-thinning and eventually failure of pipeline and main components of secondary system of nuclear power plants. In the equilibrium between the mass transport and the formation of Fe3O4, FAC continuously occurs [1, 2]. To mitigate FAC, much solution has been suggested through the history of NPPs operation such as modification of water chemistry, however, due to compatibility with other components, the solution is still in debate [3]. Recently, many parts of the pipeline in secondary system have been substituted by a low alloy steel, so called A335 P22 (P22, hereafter) [4]. Chemical composition of P22 is 2.25Cr-1Mo with small amount of Si, Mn, and C. It is known that Cr and Mo is the most effective alloy element to resist FAC. A represent mechanistic model which defines the correlation between Cr and Mo contents and relative FAC rate is Decreux’s model as shown in Equation 1 [5].
RANGEWIDE PROVENANCE STUDY OF BLACK SPRUCE IN NORTHERN MAINE

--A rangewide provenance test of black spruce, including 100 provenances from the United States and Canada, was established in Maine in 1976. Height and root collar diameter were measured in 1981, and height for the previous two years was estimated from internodal distances. Growth rate differs significantly among provenances, with mean heights at age six ranging from 117.8 cm (Whiteshell Park, Manitoba) to 30.4 cm (Steamboat Mtn., British Columbia). Total height is negatively correlated with latitude of the seed source. In general, western Ontario and Lake States provenances have the greatest growth and survival. Black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) is one of the most abundant and widely distributed conifers of North America. It spans the entire continent, from Newfoundland and the Maritimes west and northward to central Alaska, with its southermost range extending into isolated pockets of central Pennsylvania (Heinselman 1957). In the United States, natural stands of black spruce are most common in the Lake States and northern New England. In general, the climate over the botanical range of black spruce can be characterized as a cold sub-humid continental type. However, due to the extensive area covered, a wide range of climatic factors are encountered. Extremes in mean annual temperature, precipitation, and frost-free season are related to latitude, longitude, topography, and proximity to maritime influences. Soils and topography play an important role in the growth and distribution of black spruce. Although it may occur on well-drained upland soils, it is frequently found under wet conditions; along streams, swamp borders, and sphagnum bogs. Black spruce grows in a variety of local climates and on both organic and mineral soils (Heinselman 1957). As a result of its wide spectrum of site conditions, black spruce is a preferred plantation species in eastern Canada. It is also becoming a popular species for planting in Maine because of its rapid juvenile growth rate and its relative resistance to the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.). Cooperative Forestry Research Unit Published Article Series No. 31.