Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non-Uniformity of a Pattern and "the Best" Single View 3D Pose Estimator

VISUAL MODEL OF AN OBJECT IS PRESENTED AS COMPOSITION OF A MODEL - SHAPE FUNCTION AND A MODEL- PATTERN FUNCTION. NON - UNIFORMITY OF PATTERN IS DEFINED AS A QUADRATIC FORM RELATED TO THE GRADIENT OF INTENSITY. FOR A PLANAR MODEL IT IS PROVED THAT A MORE PRECISE ESTIMATION REPONDS TO A GEATER NON- UNIFORMITY. THIS IS APPLIED TO DEVELOP A CLASS OF SINGLE - VIEW 3- D POSE ESTIMOTORS EXPLORING EXTREMELY NON- UNIFORM PATTERNS. THE ESTIMATORS ARE OF HIGH PRECISION, FAST, ROBUST, AND ALGORITHMICALLY SIMPLE. POSSIBLE APPLICATION IS SPACECRAFT DOCKING, OR ANY ROBOT PROBLEM PERMITING USAGE OF A VISUAL MARK (TARGENT) ON REMOTE OBJECT.
Short-Term Cognitive Effects After Recovery From a Delirium in a Hospitalized Elderly Sample

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine early cognitive performance after a delirium in elderly general hospital patients. Patients were divided into a delirium (n = 47) and a control (n = 25) group. One week before discharge and after delirium had cleared in the first group, all patients completed a neuropsychological test battery (The Cambridge Cognitive Examination-Revised [CAMCOG-R]). Group differences in cognitive performance were analyzed adjusting for differences in baseline sociodemographic and clinical variables. Adjusting for group differences in baseline variables, the delirium group performed significantly worse than the control group on CAMCOG-R; its subdomains language, praxis, and executive functioning; and on Mini Mental State Examination derived from CAMCOG-R. The occurrence of delirium in hospital thus detrimentally affects early cognitive performance.
Feeding ecology of Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus morio) in Danum Valley, Sabah, Malaysia: a 3‐year record including two mast fruitings

We observed the diet and activity of Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus morio) in the primary lowland dipterocarp forests of Danum Valley, Sabah, Malaysia, during 2005–2007, including two mast fruitings. We collected 1,785 hr of focal data on 26 orangutans. We identified 1,466 samples of their food plants and conducted a fallen fruit census to monitor fruit availability in the study area. Their activity budget was 47.2% feeding, 34.4% resting, and 16.9% traveling. Fruits accounted for the largest part (60.9%) of feeding time, especially during mast fruiting periods (64.0–100%), although the percentages of leaves (22.2%) and bark (12.3%) were higher than those reported for P. abelii and P. pygmaeus wurmbii. Although 119 genera and 160 plant species were consumed by focal animals, only 9 genera accounted for more than 3% of feeding time (total: 67.8% for 9 genera). In particular, the focal orangutans fed intensively on Ficus and Spatholobus during most of the study period, especially in periods of fruit shortage. The percentage of fruit feeding changed markedly from 11.7 to 100% across different months of the year, and was positively correlated with the amount of fallen fruit. When fruit feeding and availability decreased, orangutans fed primarily on leaves of Spatholobus and Ficus, and the bark of Spatholobus and dipterocarp. The percentage of time devoted to feeding during mast fruitings, when the orangutans foraged almost exclusively on fruits, was lower than during seasons when the orangutan diet included leaves and bark as well as fruits. Resting increased as feeding decreased in the late stage of each fruiting season, suggesting that the orangutans adopted an energy‐minimizing strategy to survive the periods of fruit shortage by using energy stored during the fruit season. Am. J. Primatol. 72:820–840, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Productivity and Financial Performance

This chapter explores the relationship between productivity and financial performance, primarily at the level of an individual business. It begins by decomposing profit change into price and quantity drivers, under alternative accounting treatments of operating surplus. The chapter considers a range of related issues, including the drivers of productivity change, the distribution of the value productivity that change creates, problems associated with missing or distorted prices, complications caused by fluctuating exchange rates, and the use of price change to measure productivity change. In addition to profit, it considers alternative measures of financial performance, such as return on assets and unit cost. The chapter concludes by pointing to some topics deserving of further research.
HETEROZYGOSITY‐FITNESS CORRELATIONS: A TIME FOR REAPPRAISAL

Owing to the remarkable progress of molecular techniques, heterozygosity‐fitness correlations (HFCs) have become a popular tool to study the impact of inbreeding in natural populations. However, their underlying mechanisms are often hotly debated. Here we argue that these “debates” rely on verbal arguments with no basis in existing theory and inappropriate statistical testing, and that it is time to reconcile HFC with its historical and theoretical fundaments. We show that available data are quantitatively and qualitatively consistent with inbreeding‐based theory. HFC can be used to estimate the impact of inbreeding in populations, although such estimates are bound to be imprecise, especially when inbreeding is weak. Contrary to common belief, linkage disequilibrium is not an alternative to inbreeding, but rather comes with some forms of inbreeding, and is not restricted to closely linked loci. Finally, the contribution of local chromosomal effects to HFC, while predicted by inbreeding theory, is expected to be small, and has rarely if ever proven statistically significant using adequate tests. We provide guidelines to safely interpret and quantify HFCs, and present how HFCs can be used to quantify inbreeding load and unravel the structure of natural populations.
Reactivation of transcription from a vaccinia virus early promoter late in infection

We have studied the kinetics of RNA synthesis from the vaccinia virus 7,500-molecular-weight gene (7.5K gene) which is regulated by early and late promoters arranged in tandem. Unexpectedly, after a first burst of RNA synthesis early in infection, transcription was reactivated late in infection. Reactivation was not dependent on the location of the promoter in the genome or on the presence of the upstream late regulatory sequences. The mRNA synthesized from the reactivated promoter in the late phase had the same 5' and 3' ends as the molecules transcribed in the early phase. Interestingly, these molecules were efficiently translated despite the absence of the poly(A) leader characteristic of late mRNAs. Reactivation appears to be dependent on virus assembly since it is prevented by rifampin, a specific inhibitor of morphogenesis. Finally, analysis of various other early genes showed that reactivation is not unique to the 7.5K early promoter.
Differential gene expression, induced by salicylic acid and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici infection, in tomato

The objective of this work was to determine the transcript profi le of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), during Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici infection and after foliar application of salicylic acid. The suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) technique was used to generate a cDNA library enriched for transcripts differentially expressed. A total of 307 clones was identifi ed in two subtractive libraries, which allowed the isolation of several defense-related genes that play roles in different mechanisms of plant resistance to phytopathogens. Genes with unknown roles were also isolated from the two libraries, which indicates the possibility of identifying new genes not yet reported in studies of stress/defense response. The SSH technique is effective for identifi cation of resistance genes activated by salicylic acid and F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici infection. Not only the application of this technique enables a cost effective isolation of differentially expressed sequences, but also it allows the identifi cation of novel sequences in tomato from a relative small number of sequences.
Détection et localisation de cibles derrière un mur avec un système radar ULB

Le cadre de cette these est centre sur l'etude d'un radar ultra large bande (ULB) en mode impulsionnel, pour la « vision » a travers les murs (VAM), qui presente de nombreuses applications tant dans le domaine militaire (lors des assauts, des prises d’otages, …) que dans le secteur de la securite civile (recherche de personnes dans des decombres, dans un incendie, .). Pour ces utilisations, l’image reelle de la scene observee n’est pas necessaire, seules certaines informations pertinentes suffisent : nombre de personnes, position, vitesse de deplacement, etc. C'est dans ce contexte que nous avons developpe un dispositif experimental de detection et des techniques de localisation de cibles derriere un mur. Le radar developpe est constitue d’un emetteur impulsionnel couvrant la gamme de frequence de 3 GHz a 6 GHz, et de trois recepteurs independants, associes a des algorithmes de localisation et de reconstruction d'image.Le premier algorithme repose sur une technique de trilateration. Une fois, le modele theorique presente, plusieurs methodes de resolution sont etudiees pour l'estimation de la mesure de la distance de propagation du signal. La methode de Brent-Dekker a ete retenue pour sa rapidite de convergence et son faible nombre d’iterations. Bien que cette technique soit precise, elle ne permet pas d’obtenir une image de la scene, mais juste de localiser les cibles, sans apporter des informations sur ses dimensions. C’est pourquoi une seconde approche, basee sur une « formation de faisceau », a ete etudiee, afin d'obtenir une representation 2D de la scene. Nous avons choisi de developper une methode de retroprojection non coherente, technique la plus simple qui ne necessite pas de contrainte forte sur la phase du signal ni sur le positionnement des antennes. Differentes variantes de retroprojection ont ete proposees : la retroprojection avec cross correlation, la retroprojection cross correlation amelioree et la retroprojection bicross correlee. Ces trois methodes reposent sur une fusion d'informations capturees par l'antenne receptrice avec celles obtenues sur des antennes dites de reference. Cette fusion a permis d'ameliorer progressivement le rendu des images.Pour conclure ses travaux, une perspective est ebauchee afin de minimiser le taux de fausse detection, elle s'appuie sur la collaboration de la technique de trilateration avec la technique de retroprojection bicross correlee. Cette collaboration permet de mettre en correspondance les detections estimees par la technique de trilateration et celles utilisant la retroprojection bicross correlee. Les cibles non appariees sont alors supprimees selon des criteres specifiques a chacune des deux approches.
Distributed AF Mobile Relay Networks in Adverse Wireless Communication Environments

This paper addresses a more practical relay network consisting of a mobile source, multiple distributed mobile amplify-and-forward (AF) relays, and a mobile destination node. It considers an appropriate channel model between nodes, which is a cascaded Rayleigh fading channel. The objective of this paper is to determine an optimum AF relay vector (or matrix) using the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criteria for these distributed AF relay networks. The effects of jamming and imperfect channel state information (ICSI) on network performance are included in the analysis. Additionally, by substituting the derived amplifying relay vectors into the MMSE cost functions, it can be predicted which case will yield a better BER performance.
Ribosome Targeting of PKR Is Mediated by Two Double-stranded RNA-binding Domains and Facilitates in Vivo Phosphorylation of Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2*

Protein kinase PKR is activated in mammalian cells during viral infection, leading to phosphorylation of the α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (eIF-2α) and inhibition of protein synthesis. This antiviral response is thought to be mediated by association of double-stranded RNA (ds-RNA), a by-product of viral replication, with two ds-RNA-binding domains (DRBDs) located in the amino terminus of PKR. Recent studies have observed that expression of mammalian PKR in yeast leads to a slow growth phenotype due to hyperphosphorylation of eIF-2α. In this report, we observed that while DRBD sequences are required for PKR to function in the yeast model system, these sequences are not required for in vitrophosphorylation of eIF-2α. To explain this apparent contradiction, we proposed that these sequences are required to target the kinase to the translation machinery. Using sucrose gradient sedimentation, we found that wild-type PKR was associated with ribosomes, specifically with 40 S particles. Deletions or residue substitutions in the DRBD sequences blocked kinase interaction with ribosomes. These results indicate that in addition to mediating ds-RNA control of PKR, the DRBD sequences facilitate PKR association with ribosomes. Targeting to ribosomes may enhance in vivo phosphorylation of eIF-2α, by providing PKR access to its substrate.
PERCEIVED TECHNOLOGY TRUST AMONG BUSINESS OWNERS: A STUDY OF E-BUSINESS ADOPTION IN SARAWAK’S SMES

E-Business platform is a strategic tool that provides many SMEs a platform turn their business from traditional into the advance business model. Due to the rapid growth of the Internet, it has led to increasing interest in how to inspire the owner or manager of SMEs in Sarawak. This paper examines the influence of privacy and security factors on attitude towards adoption which directly predicts e-business adoption in Sarawak’s SMEs. The motive of this study was the limited studies related to e-business adoption by SMEs, especially in Sarawak. Furthermore, most e-business studies focused on the acceptance level of the e-business adoption instead of the owner’s or manager’s attitude towards the adoption. Thus, this limits the understanding about e-business adoption by SMEs in Sarawak, as well as the privacy and security factors that influenced the attitude towards the rate of the e-business adoption in Sarawak’s SMEs. SPSS and SmartPLS 3.0 are used as the main analytical tool. Data were collected from 163 Sarawak’s SMEs and purposive sampling method was used for the research. The findings revealed that privacy and security factor is significant to the adoption attitude of Sarawak’s SMEs in the adoption of e-business platform. The findings extended the current understanding of e-business adoption by Sarawak’s SMEs. The results will be useful to SMEs, government, and policymakers devising e-business security and privacy policies. Several implications, limitations of the study, and the conclusion are outlined.
Nuclear protein isolation and acid extraction of histone proteins

Lipid rafts represent a sub-compartment of the plasma membrane that co-ordinate and regulate varieties of signalling processes, whereas caveolins are the integral membrane protein of the lipid raft. Recent evidence demonstrated the pivotal role of caveolins in cardioprotection against ischaemic injury, although their mechanism of action is not clear. However, new understanding of epigenetic modification during ischaemia reperfusion suggests additional targeted approaches that have not been explored before. To study the role of caveolin on epigenetic regulation, isolated mouse heart was prepared from wild-type (WT) and caveolin-1 knockout (Cav-1 KO) mouse and preconditioned them with four cyclic episodes of ischaemia/reperfusion followed by 30 min. global ischaemia and 120 min. reperfusion. We found that Cav-1 KO mouse abolished the acetylation of histone (H3 and H4) and increased the methylation of histone in the preconditioned heart. The increased histone methylation was significantly correlated with an increased level of histone methyltranferase G9a protein and increased the level of histone decaetylase (HDAC) activity. Cav-1 KO mouse also decreased the translocation of forkhead transcription factor (FOXO3a) to the nucleus and reduced the induction of the expression of SIRT-1 in the preconditioned heart. Cardioprotective property of Cav-1 was further confirmed by reduced ventricular function, increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis, increased expression of junas kinase (JNK) and Bax and decreased expression of phospho-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phospho-AKT and B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in Cav-1 KO preconditioned heart. The results clearly indicate that Cav-1 induces cardioprotection through epigenetic regulation.
GPS-synchronized harmonic measurements performed on a 400kV transmission network

In this paper, GPS-synchronized harmonic measurements performed on the transmission network of the Danish TSO Energinet.dk are presented. The purpose of the measurements was to verify a computer model of the network. The selected verification method was based on determination of transfer harmonic impedance by switching a series component that contains a shunt branch [1], [2]. Harmonic currents and voltages were simultaneously measured at three 400 kV substations with OMICRON CMC256 units with EnerLyzer function and GPS synchronization units. Time domain "snapshot" measurements of three-phase voltages and currents were synchronously taken, while a power line was switched out and in, and the results were post-processed in Matlab. Harmonic voltages were measured using capacitive taps of the 400 kV/150 kV autotransformer bushings. Harmonic currents were measured as voltage drop on low-inductance resistors inserted in series with the metering equipment. Due to largely unbalanced harmonic currents, the computer network model was verified by a modified verification method, based on injection of measured harmonic currents and comparison of resultant voltage increments. The method requires precise synchronization of the units and sufficient level of harmonic distortion in the network.
Survey on Big Data and Cloud Computing

The measure of information delivered inside Health Informatics has become entirely tremendous, what's more, investigation of this Big Data allows conceivably boundless potential outcomes for learning to be picked up. Moreover, this data can enhance the nature of social insurance offered to patients. Notwithstanding, there are various issues that emerge when managing these unfathomable amounts of information, particularly how to examine this information in a solid way. The essential objective of Health Informatics is to take in certifiable restorative information from all levels of human presence to propel our comprehension of solution and restorative practice. This paper will introduce late research utilizing Big Data devices and methodologies for the examination of Health Informatics information accumulated at different levels, including the atomic, tissue, patient, and populace levels.
Genomic Analysis Identifies Mutations Concerning Drug-Resistance and Beijing Genotype in Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolated From China

Development of modern genomics provides us an effective method to understand the molecular mechanism of drug resistance and diagnose drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this study, mutations in 18 genes or intergenic regions acquired by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 183 clinical M. tuberculosis strains, including 137 multidrug-resistant and 46 pan-susceptible isolates from China, were identified and used to analyze their associations with resistance of isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and streptomycin. Using the proportional method as the gold standard method, the accuracy values of WGS to predict resistance were calculated. The association between synonymous or lineage definition mutations with different genotypes were also analyzed. The results show that, compared to the phenotypic proportional method, the sensitivity and specificity of WGS for resistance detection were 94.2 and 100.0% for rifampicin (based on mutations in rpoB), 90.5 and 97.8% for isoniazid (katG), 83.0 and 97.8% for streptomycin (rpsL combined with rrs 530 loop and 912 loop), and 90.9 and 65.1% for ethambutol (embB), respectively. WGS data also showed that mutations in the inhA promoter increased only 2.2% sensitivity for INH based on mutations in katG. Synonymous mutation rpoB A1075A was confirmed to be associated with the Beijing genotype. This study confirmed that mutations in rpoB, katG, rrs 530 loop and 912 loop, and rpsL were excellent biomarkers for predicting rifampicin, isoniazid, and streptomycin resistance, respectively, and provided clues in clarifying the drug-resistance mechanism of M. tuberculosis isolates from China.
Evaluating acoustic modelling of lexical stress for Afrikaans speech synthesis

An explicit lexical stress feature is investigated for statistical parametric speech synthesis in Afrikaans: Firstly, objective measures are used to assess proposed annotation protocols and dictionaries compared to the baseline (implicit modelling) on the Lwazi 2 text-to-speech corpus. Secondly, the best candidates are evaluated on additional corpora. Finally, a comparative subjective evaluation is conducted to determine the perceptual impact on text-to-speech synthesis. The best candidate dictionary is associated with favourable objective results obtained on all corpora and was preferred in the subjective test. This suggests that it may form a basis for further refinement and work on improved prosodic models.
A Surveillance Spyware Detection System Based on Data Mining Methods

The problem of spyware is incredibly serious and exceeds anyone's imagination. Combining static and dynamic analyses, we propose an integrated architecture to defend against surveillance spyware in this paper. Features extracted from both static and dynamic analyses are ranked according to their information gains. Then using top significant features we construct a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier for each client. In order to keep the classifier update-to-date, there is a machine playing as server to collect reports from all clients, retrain, and redistribute the new classifier to each client. Our surveillance spyware detection system (SSDS) has an overall accuracy rate up to 97.9% for known surveillance spywares and 96.4% for unknown ones.
Signs and Lesions of Experimental Sendai Virus Infection in Two Genetically Distinct Strains of SCID/Beige Mice

The pathogenesis of Sendai virus infection was studied in genetically immunodeficient mice of genotype scid/scid.bg/bg (SCID-beige) using C.B-17 SCID-beige mice, a BALB/c-related strain that expresses the same major histocompatibility complex as the Sendai virus-susceptible DBA/2 (H-24). Mice were inoculated intranasals with isolate 771076 of Sendai virus, then killed at 2-day intervals beginning on day 4 post-inoculation. Clinical signs were evident beginning at 8 to 10 days post-inoculation, and all animals remaining were killed in extremis by 14 to 17 days post-inoculation. Lesions in inoculated mice were confined to the respiratory tract. In the nasal passages, a nonresolving rhinitis, with epithelial hyperplasia/metaplasia occurred. Cranioventral bronchopneumonitis was characterized by marked hyperplasia and necrosis of epithelial cells lining airways and with leukocytic infiltration. At the alveolar level, there was marked hypertrophy and hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes, mobilization of alveolar macrophages, and obliteration of the normal architecture in severely affected areas. Viral antigen was evident beginning at 4 days post-inoculation and persisted in affected areas throughout the duration of the study. Because immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice are known to be genetically resistant to Sendai virus, the susceptibility of C57B/6 SCID-beige to Sendai virus was then compared to that of C.B-17 SCID-beige mice. In age-matched animals of the two strains, there was no evidence of natural resistance to Sendai virus infection in the immunodeficient C57BL/6 strain compared to the C.B-17 mice. These studies indicate that the genetic differences in susceptibility of two strains of immunocompetent mice to Sendai virus infection are eliminated by expression of the mutations scid and beige.