Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Psychopathology in Ethiopian Jewish immigrants].

In 87 of 352 adult Ethiopian Jews living in Natanya who immigrated recently, psychopathological symptoms were evaluated and their relationships to conditions of immigration and absorption were determined. They were interviewed by Ethiopians who had immigrated previously and who had been trained to help them complete questionnaires at home. The subjects were rated by the interviewers according to the Physician's Outpatient Psychopathology Scale (211-O.P.S.), as well as by 3 other self-rating scales with regard to satisfaction with their life in Israel, events that had occurred while en route to Israel, and frequency of visits to their clinic family physician. The results showed a high incidence of psychopathological symptoms which had persisted even after 5 years in Israel. The main causes of dissatisfaction (found in more than 60% of the sample), in order of severity were: achievement in learning Hebrew, financial situation, attitude of the Israeli religious institutions towards the Ethiopian community, and the degree of nonobservance of religious customs by other Israeli Jews. There was a high degree of correlation between psychopathological symptoms and suffering on the journey to Israel, with the symptoms usually becoming less severe with length of stay in Israel. A high incidence of symptoms was also related to increased age and to low levels of education. Those living in apartments dispersed among the general population suffered less from psychopathological symptoms than those living in buildings largely occupied by other Ethiopian immigrants.
The potential application of chlorin e6—polyvinylpyrrolidone formulation in photodynamic therapy

Much research has been focused on developing effective drug delivery systems for the preparation of chlorins as potential photosensitizers for PDT. This report describes the evaluation of a new water-soluble formulation of chlorin e6 consisting of a complex of trisodium salt chlorin e6 and polyvinylpyrrolidone (Ce6—PVP) for application in photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 2 specific aims: (i) to investigate its fluorescence kinetics in skin, normal and tumor tissue after intravenous administration, and (ii) to investigate its PDT efficacy. Our results demonstrate that this new formulation possesses photosensitizing properties with rapid accumulation in tumor tissue observed within 1 h after intravenous administration. Although high selectivity in tumor tissue was found between the period of 3 and 6 h, the efficacy of Ce6—PVP mediated PDT was best at 1 h drug-light interval. It is suggested that, the extent of tumor necrosis post PDT is dependent on the plasma concentration of Ce6—PVP, implying a vascular mediated cell death mechanism. A faster clearance rate of Ce6—PVP from the skin of nude mice was observed compared to Ce6. The new formulation of Ce6—PVP seems to show promise as an effective therapeutic agent.
Modified Genta triple stain for identifying Helicobacter pylori.

AIM: To evaluate whether lead nitrate could replace uranyl nitrate in the Genta stain for H pylori without sacrificing the advantages of the triple stain (Steiner silver impregnation combined with Alcian blue and haematoxylin/eosin (H&E)). METHODS: A comparison was made in 16 specimens between the original triple stain and the revised version. One pathologist evaluated all sections. RESULTS: Direct substitution of lead nitrate for uranium nitrate produced well stained organisms without interfering with H&E or Alcian blue staining. No difference was found in the ability to identify bacteria in 11 cases with H pylori density of 1 or 2 (on a scale of 0 to 5). CONCLUSIONS: The potential chemical and radiological hazards associated with uranium nitrate can be eliminated by using lead nitrate without sacrificing the advantages obtained by using the triple stain.
Complications of preinjury warfarin use in the trauma patient.

BACKGROUND The frequency of use of warfarin anticoagulation increases significantly in the elderly population. It remains controversial whether this puts these patients at increased risk for hemorrhagic complications after trauma. METHODS We prospectively evaluated consecutive trauma patients who were taking warfarin and compared their outcomes to a group of age-matched patients with head injuries but not taking warfarin. RESULTS One hundred fifty-nine trauma patients on warfarin were evaluated, 94 (59%) with some type of head trauma; 25 of these 94 patients (27%) had documented intracranial trauma. Fifteen patients died (9.4%); they had an international normalized ratio of 3.3 +/- 1.6 versus 3.0 +/- 2.1 for survivors in the warfarin group (p = 0.585). Twelve deaths were in the group of 25 patients with intracranial injuries (48%). Three patients without head injury died (5%) of other causes not related to warfarin or hemorrhage at a mean of 13 days after admission. Ten of 12 patients on warfarin with intracranial injuries who died had documented loss of consciousness (LOC); two patients who died secondary to an isolated intracranial injury had no LOC. Of 70 age-matched patients with head trauma not taking warfarin, 47 (67%) had intracranial injury and 5 of these died (10%) (p < 0.001 for both values compared with study patients). There were no significant differences for patients with intracranial injury comparing those on warfarin and those who were not in terms of age, gender, mechanism of injury, Injury Severity Score, or Glasgow Come Scale score. CONCLUSION We conclude that the preinjury use of warfarin does not place the trauma patient at increased risk for fatal hemorrhagic complications in the absence of head trauma. Furthermore, the presence of a head trauma alone is not predictive of mortality. However, the presence of intracranial injury is strongly associated with a mortality rate that is significantly higher than patients with head trauma who are not taking warfarin. LOC is also associated with mortality, but the absence of loss of consciousness does not reliably indicate the absence of intracranial injury or risk of death.
Artificial MicroRNA-Mediated Virus Resistance in Plants

ABSTRACT RNA silencing in plants is a natural defense system against foreign genetic elements including viruses. This natural antiviral mechanism has been adopted to develop virus-resistant plants through expression of virus-derived double-stranded RNAs or hairpin RNAs, which in turn are processed into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) by the host's RNA silencing machinery. While these virus-specific siRNAs were shown to be a hallmark of the acquired virus resistance, the functionality of another set of the RNA silencing-related small RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), in engineering plant virus resistance has not been extensively explored. Here we show that expression of an artificial miRNA, targeting sequences encoding the silencing suppressor 2b of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), can efficiently inhibit 2b gene expression and protein suppressor function in transient expression assays and confer on transgenic tobacco plants effective resistance to CMV infection. Moreover, the resistance level conferred by the transgenic miRNA is well correlated to the miRNA expression level. Comparison of the anti-CMV effect of the artificial miRNA to that of a short hairpin RNA-derived small RNA targeting the same site revealed that the miRNA approach is superior to the approach using short hairpin RNA both in transient assays and in transgenic plants. Together, our data demonstrate that expression of virus-specific artificial miRNAs is an effective and predictable new approach to engineering resistance to CMV and, possibly, to other plant viruses as well.
Worldwide Phylogeography of Wild Boar Reveals Multiple Centers of Pig Domestication

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from 686 wild and domestic pig specimens place the origin of wild boar in island Southeast Asia (ISEA), where they dispersed across Eurasia. Previous morphological and genetic evidence suggested pig domestication took place in a limited number of locations (principally the Near East and Far East). In contrast, new genetic data reveal multiple centers of domestication across Eurasia and that European, rather than Near Eastern, wild boar are the principal source of modern European domestic pigs.
Distinct Class Saliency Maps for Multiple Object Images

This paper proposes a method to obtain more distinct class saliency maps than Simonyan et al. (2014). We made three improvements over their method: (1) using CNN derivatives with respect to feature maps of the intermediate convolutional layers with up-sampling instead of an input image; (2) subtracting saliency maps of the other classes from saliency maps of the target class to differentiate target objects from other objects; (3) aggregating multi-scale class saliency maps to compensate lower resolution of the feature maps.
Global Optimization with Descending Region Algorithm

Global optimization is necessary in some cases when we want to achieve the best solution or we require a new solution which is better the old one. However global optimization is a hazard problem. Gradient descent method is a well-known technique to find out local optimizer whereas approximation solution approach aims to simplify how to solve the global optimization problem. In order to find out the global optimizer in the most practical way, I propose a so-called descending region (DR) algorithm which is combination of gradient descent method and approximation solution approach. The ideology of DR algorithm is that given a known local minimizer, the better minimizer is searched only in a so-called descending region under such local minimizer. Descending region is begun by a so-called descending point which is the main subject of DR algorithm. Descending point, in turn, is solution of intersection equation (A). Finally, I prove and provide a simpler linear equation system (B) which is derived from (A). So (B) is the most important result of this research because (A) is solved by solving (B) many enough times. In other words, DR algorithm is refined many times so as to produce such (B) for searching for the global optimizer. I propose a so-called simulated Newton – Raphson (SNR) algorithm which is a simulation of Newton – Raphson method to solve (B). The starting point is very important for SNR algorithm to converge. Therefore, I also propose a so-called RTP algorithm, which is refined and probabilistic process, in order to partition solution space and generate random testing points, which aims to estimate the starting point of SNR algorithm. In general, I combine three algorithms such as DR, SNR, and RTP to solve the hazard problem of global optimization. Although the approach is division and conquest methodology in which global optimization is split into local optimization, solving equation, and partitioning, the solution is synthesis in which DR is backbone to connect itself with SNR and RTP.
Increase of tuberculous infection in the organs of B cell‐deficient mice

Protective immunity against infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is imparted by T cells rather than antibodies, but B cells can play a role as antigen‐presenting cells and in granuloma formation. We re‐evaluated the role of B cells in the course of tuberculous infection in μ‐chain knock‐out (Ig−) mice. Surprisingly, the organs of M. tuberculosis‐infected Ig− mice were found to have three‐to eight‐fold elevated counts of viable bacilli compared with normal littermates at 3–6 weeks post‐infection. Splenic interferon‐gamma responses to whole antigen were unimpaired, whilst proliferation to certain mycobacterial peptides was found to be diminished. However, bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination significantly reduced the infection in Ig− mice. The mechanisms by which B cells can influence primary tuberculous infection need further study.
Contour Tree Simplification Based on a Combined Approach

The contour tree is a topological abstraction of a scalar field. It represents the nesting relationships of connected components of isosurfaces or contours. The real-world data sets produce unmanageably large contour trees because of noise and artifacts. This makes the contour tree impractical for data analysis and visualization. A meaningful simplification is necessary to the contour tree. This paper proposes an importance-driven approach which combines different measures of importance into a single contour tree simplification pipeline through an importance triangle (ITri). The ITri is set up based on a importance measure vector, whose components are different measures of importance. The Extended Gaussian Image (EGI) and a map projection method are then used to map a importance measure vector to a point in a 2D plane. The points corresponding to importance measure vectors in the 2D plane help the user to differentiate branches of interest from others. Interaction interfaces are provided to manipulate this one-to-one mapping. Through the interaction interfaces, the user can specify models for combining different measures of importance into the contour tree simplification pipeline. The proposed importance-driven and user-directed contour tree simplification approach shows advantages compared with traditional approaches: 1) it combines different measures of importance into a single contour tree simplification pipeline; 2) it makes full use of advantages and suppress disadvantages of each measure of importance; 3) the combined measure of importance is user-directed through different interfaces; 4) the proposed approach allows the user to find patterns of priority values with the contour tree priority curve window, which are used to improve the simplification process.
Estimating the willingness to pay for tenure security in Brazilian favelas

This paper examines willingness to pay for housing tenure security in favelas in six Brazilian states, Ceara, Paraiba, Pernambuco and in the north-east, Minas Gerais and Sao Paulo in the south-east, and Rio Grande do Sul in the south, using data from the national household survey (Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilios, PNAD) for 2002. We use a quasi-experimental technique by combining the inverse probability weighting estimator proposed by Hirano and Imbens (2001) with an interval regression model to shed light on what might be seen as the effect of title ownership on housing values in Brazilian favelas once selection on observed characteristics are controlled for. We also use state fixed effects to control for idiosyncratic characteristics of states. We interpret the resulting estimate in the same vein as Friedman et al (1988) as an estimate of the willingness to pay for tenure security. As far as we know, this is the first attempt at estimating willingness to pay for tenure security in Brazilian favelas. Our results suggest that people living in favelas are willing to pay on average an additional 18% of the value of their house for tenure security. However we find that among the poor willingness to pay for tenure security is substantially less, and for some disappears entirely. We suggest that this may be either because households in smaller and longer established favelas may have developed informal mechanisms to ensure their security or because the poor are skeptical about the real security the title represents in that environment. We argue that these estimates are useful for public policy in Brazil, where millions of households live in informal dwellings and interventions involving land regularization do not appear to account for households’ willingness to pay. We also simulate the likely cost of a titling programme and the consequences for household debt burdens.
The modified Langevin description for probes in a nonlinear medium

When the motion of a probe strongly disturbs the thermal equilibrium of the solvent or bath, the nonlinear response of the latter must enter the probe’s effective evolution equation. We derive that induced stochastic dynamics using second order response around the bath thermal equilibrium. We discuss the nature of the new term in the evolution equation which is no longer purely dissipative, and the appearance of a novel time-scale for the probe related to changes in the dynamical activity of the bath. A major application for the obtained nonlinear generalized Langevin equation is in the study of colloid motion in a visco-elastic medium.
Low loss slow-wave unit based on even-mode bilateral broadside-coupled suspended microstrip line

This paper presents a low loss slow-wave meander-line unit for frequency scanning antennas based on the even-mode bilateral broadside-coupled suspended microstrip line (BSML). By symmetrically printing metal strips on both sides of the substrate and by biasing an equi-voltage to both of them, the even mode of BSML is excited and this transmission line exhibits very low loss. The losses in straight microstrip line (MSL), suspended substrate stripline (SSS) and the even-mode BSML have been investigated and compared. A low loss slow-wave meander-line unit for phase shifting has been fabricated and measured. The advantage of the very low loss is remarkable.
DEBT FINANCING AND EMERGENT DYNAMICS OF A FINANCIAL FITNESS LANDSCAPE

The paper develops an agent-based computational bottom-up model of output production, in which the endogenous supply of credit-money by an adaptive banking system and the cash flow of heterogeneous firms are modeled as co-evolutionary phenomena. As it turns out, financial fragility – a la Hyman Minsky – becomes an emergent dynamics in such a complex economy, with the distribution of financing regimes (hedge, speculative and Ponzi, to borrow Minsky’s taxonomy) across firms, or the financial fitness landscape of the system, coming out as a spontaneous order.
Telomere-Telomere Recombination Is an Efficient Bypass Pathway for Telomere Maintenance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

ABSTRACT Many Saccharomyces telomeres bear one or more copies of the repetitive Y′ element followed by ∼350 bp of telomerase-generated C1–3A/TG1–3 repeats. Although most cells lacking a gene required for the telomerase pathway die after 50 to 100 cell divisions, survivors arise spontaneously in such cultures. These survivors have one of two distinct patterns of telomeric DNA (V. Lundblad and E. H. Blackburn, Cell 73:347–360, 1993). The more common of the two patterns, seen in type I survivors, is tandem amplification of Y′ followed by very short tracts of C1–3A/TG1–3 DNA. By determining the structure of singly tagged telomeres, chromosomes in type II survivors were shown to end in very long and heterogeneous-length tracts of C1–3A/TG1–3 DNA, with some telomeres having 12 kb or more of C1–3A/TG1–3 repeats. Maintenance of these long telomeres required the continuous presence of Rad52p. Whereas type I survivors often converted to the type II structure of telomeric DNA, the type II pattern was maintained for at least 250 cell divisions. However, during outgrowth, the structure of type II telomeres was dynamic, displaying gradual shortening as well as other structural changes that could be explained by continuous gene conversion events with other telomeres. Although most type II survivors had a growth rate similar to that of telomerase-proficient cells, their telomeres slowly returned to wild-type lengths when telomerase was reintroduced. The very long and heterogeneous-length telomeres characteristic of type II survivors in Saccharomyces are reminiscent of the telomeres in immortal human cell lines and tumors that maintain telomeric DNA in the absence of telomerase.
20q13 and cyclin D1 in ovarian carcinomas. Analysis by fluorescence in situ hybridization

In ovarian carcinomas, alterations of the chromosomal region 20q13 and the cyclin D1 gene have been described. This study has sought to determine their prognostic significance. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on dissociated nuclei and paraffin sections with DNA probes for 20q13.2 and cyclin D1, as well as immunohistochemistry (cyclin D1), were applied to formalin‐fixed tissue of 69 invasive ovarian carcinomas, mainly of serous type. On dissociated nuclei 33/47 cases (70%) and on tissue sections 13/66 cases (20%) demonstrated an increase of 20q13.2 copies. The presence of ≥4 copies per nucleus (isolated nuclei) and ≥3 copies per nucleus (sections) was associated with an adverse prognosis (Kaplan–Meier for FIGO stage III after stratification for residual tumour: p=0.0049 and p=0.03, respectively). Thirty‐four out of 47 cases (72%) showed an increase of cyclin D1 copies. Kaplan–Meier analysis for FIGO stage III after stratification for residual tumour>2 cm or ≤2 cm revealed an unfavourable outcome for cases with more than two cyclin D1 copies (p=0.04). No correlation was seen between FISH and immunohistochemistry. Multivariate analysis identified residual tumour (p=0.0002), 20q13.2 gain (p=0.0004) and cyclin D1 gain (p=0.0343) as independent prognostic factors. It is concluded that gains of chromosomal region 20q13.2 and the cyclin D1 gene are frequent and biologically important events, with prognostic relevance, in advanced ovarian carcinomas. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Total synthesis of resveratrol-based natural products using a palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative arylation and an oxidative Heck reaction.

Controlled access to resveratrol-based natural products is offered by a novel, modular concept. A common building block readily available on a large scale serves as the starting material for the introduction of structurally important aryl groups by a Pd-catalyzed decarboxylative arylation and an oxidative Heck reaction with good yields and high stereoselectivity. The modular approach is convincingly documented by the successful synthesis of three racemic resveratrol-based natural products (quadrangularin A, ampelopsin D, and pallidol).
Magnolol affects expression of IGF-1 and associated binding proteins in human prostate cancer cells in vitro.

BACKGROUND/AIM This study investigated the effects of magnolol, a compound from Magnolia officinalis, on the behavior of LNCaP and PC3 human prostate cancer cells in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro cell culture approach with biochemical tests and Western blot analyses was used. RESULTS Magnolol, (80 μM, 6 hour exposure) was found to affect the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and associated proteins. In both cell lines, protein expression of IGF-1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) were significantly decreased, while protein expression of IGFBP-3 was significantly increased. Additionally, protein expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) was significantly increased and the phosphorylated form of IGF-1 (p-IGF-1R) was significantly decreased in PC3 cells, while IGFBP-4 protein expression was significantly increased in LNCaP cells. CONCLUSION This study has demonstrated for the first time that magnolol can alter the expression of IGF-1 and associated proteins in human prostate cancer cells in vitro and suggests that magnolol may have a potential role as a novel anti-prostate cancer agent.
The ‘Battered Husband Syndrome’: Social Problem or Much ado about Little?

The newly recognized social problem of wife-beating quickly became clouded by confusion over the introduction of the idea of a ‘battered husband syndrome’. The media immediately sensationalized the idea, because the concept of men suffering physical abuse at the hands of the ‘little woman’ is contrary to role expectations. This article examines the data, statements and generalizations upon which the claims were based. There is not enough scientifically sound empirical evidence to support the notion of a battered husband syndrome, although most of the general public is not aware of that. Much of the evidence put forward for the argument was taken out of context, data were added, altered, or eliminated, and generalizations were introduced as fact. Other evidence that the overwhelming proportion of victims of violence are women was ignored. However, the divisive question of male versus female victims hampered efforts to increase the funding and provision of other resources to female victims of family violence, and the debate tended to trivialize their demands for civil rights.