Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Organogenesis of Kidney and Endocrine Pancreas

Growing new organs in situ by implanting developing animal organ primordia (organogenesis) represents a novel solution to the problem of limited supply for human donor organs that offers advantages relative to transplanting embryonic stem (ES) cells or xenotransplantation of developed organs. Successful transplantation of organ primordia depends on obtaining them at defined windows during embryonic development within which the risk of teratogenicity is eliminated, growth potential is maximized, and immunogenicity is reduced. We and others have shown that renal primordia transplanted into the mesentery undergo differentiation and growth, become vascularized by blood vessels of host origin, exhibit excretory function and support life in otherwise anephric hosts. Renal primordia can be transplanted across isogeneic, allogeneic or xenogeneic barriers. Pancreatic primordia can be transplanted across the same barriers undergo growth, and differentiation of endocrine components only and secrete insulin in a physiological manner following mesenteric placement. Insulin-secreting cells originating from embryonic day (E) 28 (E28) pig pancreatic primordia transplanted into the mesentery of streptozotocin-diabetic (type 1) Lewis rats or ZDF diabetic (type 2) rats or STZ-diabetic rhesus macaques engraft without the need for host immune-suppression. Our findings in diabetic macaques represent the first steps in the opening of a window for a novel treatment of diabetes in humans.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacterium “Candidatus Sulfurovum sediminum” AR, Which Belongs to the Epsilonproteobacteria

ABSTRACT Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria are common microorganisms in a variety of sulfide-rich environments. They play important roles in the global sulfur cycle on earth. Here, we present a high-quality draft genome sequence of a sulfur-oxidizing bacterium, “Candidatus Sulfurovum sediminum” strain AR, which belongs to the class Epsilonproteobacteria and dominated an enrichment culture from a marine sediment collected off Svalbard, within the Arctic Circle. Its genome contains genes for sulfur oxidation and carbon fixation. The size of the draft genome is 2.12 Mb, and the G+C content is 39.4%.
Urban Planning Policy for Realizing Public Objectives Through Private Development in Seoul

This study aims to examine the relationship between urban development by the private sector and the urban planning incentive policy “FAR (Floor Area Ratio) bonus” and its effects on the city of Seoul in Korea. The results and characteristics of the incentive policy in the development process over the last five years in Seoul are investigated. An in-depth analysis of the mechanism of the floor area ratio incentive was conducted alongside measuring public design elements and the additional floor area compensated by private sectors for public benefit. The outcome of summarizing incentive implementations via quantitative analysis indicated that the policy focused on a narrow scope of target items, resulting in an imbalance in the implementation of public benefits and inflated incentive provisions. These quantitative results, exceeding those in non-special planning districts, misleadingly suggest a significant effectiveness of the incentive policy in generating operative public space. This study argues that the standards for establishing a balance between public and private benefit need a reform toward practical and qualitative impacts, while currently it is evaluated based on mere quantification. In conclusion, it is critical to implement policies that designate necessary public amenities in a selective manner and provide more judicious incentives to achieve a better-balanced planning system.
C O ] 1 5 N ov 2 01 4 Subdivisions of a large clique in C 6-free graphs

Mader conjectured that every C4-free graph has a subdivision of a clique of order linear in its average degree. We show that every C6-free graph has such a subdivision of a large clique. We also prove the dense case of Mader’s conjecture in a stronger sense, i.e., for every c, there is a c′ such that every C4-free graph with average degree cn 1/2 has a subdivision of a clique Kl with l = ⌊c′n1/2⌋ where every edge is subdivided exactly 3 times.
Fast Adaptive Graph-based Segmentation with application in Vehicle License Plate Detection

This paper presents an improvement to Felzenszwalb P.F. and Huttenlocher D.P.’s graph-based image segmentation algorithm in terms of speed and adaptability to different natural scenes. By performing the algorithm on a down-sampled image and then interpolating the polygonal representation back to original size to get the region of interest (ROI) from the original image, a speed up factor of 24 on an 832 × 624 image was achieved. To make it more adaptive to different natural scenes, parameter k is calculated based on the maximum possible k on a particular image. Finally, a support vector machine is used to classify each probable regions into license plate region or non-license plate region. A recall rate of 0.78 and a precision rate of 0.35 is achieved on 86 testing samples. Running time is approximately 0.2 seconds on an 832 × 624 image.
Simultaneous multicomponent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon analysis using an independent component analysis-based latent variable regression

This article developed an independent component analysis-based latent variable regression (ICA-LVR) method, which is based on latent variable regression combined with independent component analysis. This strategy has been applied to the resolution of mixtures of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Independent component analysis is a novel statistical signal processing technique based on the fourth-order moment of the signals aiming at solving related blind source separation (BSS) problem. Independent source variables and their corresponding concentration profiles can be extracted from the observed spectra of chemical mixtures. The independent source matrix instead of the original observed spectra combined with concentration matrix was used to build the regression model by latent variable regression (LVR). The method can obtain very selective information from unselective full-spectrum data. Experimental results showed the ICA-LVR method to be successful even where there was severe overlap of spectra and had the clear superiority over the LSV method.
Spinal Control of Motor Outputs Strategies to augment volitional and reflex function may improve locomotor capacity following incomplete spinal cord injury

Leech KA, Kim HE, Hornby TG. Strategies to augment volitional and reflex function may improve locomotor capacity following incomplete spinal cord injury. J Neurophysiol 119: 894–903, 2018. First published November 1, 2017; doi: 10.1152/jn.00051. 2017. —Many studies highlight the remarkable plasticity demonstrated by spinal circuits following an incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI). Such plasticity can contribute to improvements in volitional motor recovery, such as walking function, although similar mechanisms underlying this recovery may also contribute to the manifestation of exaggerated responses to afferent input, or spastic behaviors. Rehabilitation interventions directed toward augmenting spinal excitability have shown some initial success in improving locomotor function. However, the potential effects of these strategies on involuntary motor behaviors may be of concern. In this article, we provide a brief review of the mechanisms underlying recovery of volitional function and exaggerated reflexes, and the potential overlap between these changes. We then highlight findings from studies that explore changes in spinal excitability during volitional movement in controlled conditions, as well as altered kinematic and behavioral performance during functional tasks. The initial focus will be directed toward recovery of reflex and volitional behaviors following incomplete SCI, followed by recent work elucidating neurophysiological mechanisms underlying patterns of static and dynamic muscle activation following chronic incomplete SCI during primarily single-joint movements. We will then transition to studies of locomotor function and the role of altered spinal integration following incomplete SCI, including enhanced excitability of specific spinal circuits with physical and pharmacological interventions that can modulate locomotor output. The effects of previous and newly developed strategies will need to focus on changes in both volitional function and involuntary spastic reflexes for the successful translation of effective therapies to the clinical setting.
High temperature nanocomposite insulation for high power density machines

Increasing demand for higher power, lighter weight and compact power generation systems in aircraft has resulted in the need for a new high temperature insulation system. It requires better thermal capability and improved reliability over the 240°C system used commercially. A 280°C insulation system has been developed based on a hybrid organic-inorganic material to address these evolving requirements. This electrical insulation system comprises a nanocomposite polyimide wire for windings, and a hybrid slot liner for ground wall insulation. Thermal, electrical and mechanical properties of this insulation system will be discussed.
Temporal Tracing of On-Chip Signals using Timeprints

This paper introduces a new method to trace cycle-accurately the temporal behavior of on-chip signals while operating in-field. Current cycle-accurate schemes incur unacceptable amounts of data for logging, storage and processing. Our key idea to enable efficient yet cycle-accurate tracing, is to bring timing to the front as a main traced artifact. We split the signal tracing into consecutive (back-to-back) finite trace-cycles. Within a trace-cycle, a signal’s value-change instance gets assigned an encoded timestamp. At the end of each trace-cycle, these encoded timestamps are aggregated into a logged timeprint, which summarizes the temporal behavior over the trace-cycle. To retrieve the accurate timing, we reconstruct the exact instances from a timeprint via a SAT query. The experiments demonstrate how unprecedented lightweight tracing can be applied, and how timeprints enable the verification of cycle-accurate properties and the detection of sporadic temperature effects.
Gene expression in insulin resistance

Introduction Insulin is a peptide hormone, which is primarily known for its role in glucose homeostasis. However, insulin regulates various processes; it influences processes such as energy substrate metabolism, growth, and vasoactivity. Insulin resistance is an early characteristic of type 2 diabetes. In insulin resistance, the intracellular signaling after activation of the insulin receptor by insulin is impaired, which leads to a diminished response. To see what the effect of insulin resistance is on gene expression, skeletal muscle transcriptomics data from insulin resistant (IR) subjects was compared to data from insulin sensitive (IS) subjects.
mpact of Schizophrenia Candidate Genes on chizotypy and Cognitive Endophenotypes at the opulation Level

esults: The DTNBP1 SNPs rs2619522 and rs760761 exhibited several single marker associations, the minor alleles being associated ith lower attention capacity but also a decrease in positive and paranoid schizotypy scores. The DTNBP1 haplotype load had orderline associations with nonverbal IQ, paranoid schizotypy, and sustained attention. For individual NRG1 polymorphisms, solated but weak signals of association were noted with sustained attention and working memory but not schizotypy. The risk allele f functional SNP8NRG243177 was associated with reduced spatial working memory capacity. An isolated effect of DAAO haplotype ariability was noted on negative and disorganization schizotypy. No convincing association of DAOA/G32 variability was detected.
Pantoprazole 20 mg is an effective maintenance therapy for patients with gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease

Objectives To compare the efficacy of 20 mg with 40 mg pantoprazole in maintaining symptomatic and endoscopic remission in patients with gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). Study design Patients (18‐84 years old; n = 433) with healed GORD II or III were included in this prospective multi‐centre, randomized, parallel, double‐blind study. Pantoprazole was administered once daily for up to 1 year as either a 20 mg or 40 mg enteric‐coated tablet to 221 and 212 patients, respectively. Symptoms of GORD were assessed every 3 months. Endoscopy was performed at entry, after 6 and 12 months, or when symptoms of GORD were perceived on at least three consecutive days. The primary efficacy parameter was the time until endoscopically proven relapse of GORD occurred (stage I or greater); the secondary parameters included tolerability, safety, and time until symptomatic relapse occurred. Results In the 20 mg treatment group, 87% and 75% of patients were in endoscopic remission after 6 and 12 months, respectively; the corresponding rates in the 40 mg treatment group were 91% and 78%. In both treatment groups, GORD stage I accounted for about 50% of endoscopic relapses. The symptomatic remission rates in the 20 mg group were estimated as 85% and 77% after 6 and 12 months, respectively; the corresponding values in the 40 mg group were 87% and 76%. No correlation was seen either between the endoscopically proven relapse and perception of symptoms, or between the severity of the pre‐treatment stage of GORD and the maintenance dose of pantoprazole. Both doses were well tolerated. Conclusions Both the 20 mg and 40 mg doses of pantoprazole are safe and effective in maintaining patients with healed reflux oesophagitis in remission. Moreover, for the majority of patients, the 20 mg dose provides adequate long‐term therapeutic efficacy at a minimal drug exposure and lower costs. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 12:425‐432 © 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 2000, 12:425‐432
Involvement of protein kinase C in superoxide anion-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappa B in human endothelial cells.

OBJECTIVE Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) plays an important role in the regulation of redox-sensitive genes which are related to the pathogenesis of various vascular diseases. Although oxygen free-radicals are known to activate NF-kappa B, the signaling pathway of oxygen free radical-induced NF-kappa B activation remains largely unclear. Thus, this study was performed to examine the possible involvement of protein kinase C (PKC) in the oxygen free radical-induced NF-kappa B activation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS Superoxide anion was generated by xanthine and xanthine oxidase. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was performed using a kappa B-motif oligonucleotide and nuclear extracts from HUVECs. Immunoblot analysis using an antibody against I kappa B alpha, phosphorylated by I kappa B alpha kinase, or myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) phosphorylated by protein kinase C was carried out. An NF-kappa B luciferase reporter gene assay was also performed. RESULTS The treatment of the cells with superoxide anion for 60 min increased the NF-kappa B/DNA binding activity. Immunoblot analysis showed that superoxide anion induced phosphorylation of I kappa B alpha within 10 min. Furthermore, phosphorylation of MARCKS occurred more rapidly than phosphorylation of I kappa B alpha. Pretreatment of the cells with calphostin C (100-400 nmol/l) and chelerythrine chloride (5-10 mumol/l), inhibitors of PKC, abolished the superoxide anion-induced NF-kappa B activation. Down-regulation of endogenous PKC by long-term exposure to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate decreased the superoxide anion-induced NF-kappa B activation to a basal level. Superoxide anion induced the luciferase reporter gene and this induction was completely inhibited by calphostin C (200 nmol/l) and 4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzene disulfonic acid (tiron). CONCLUSION These results suggest that PKC is involved in the activation of NF-kappa B by superoxide anion in human endothelial cells.
Wu Study on Wireless Transmission for Reconnaissance UAV with Wireless Sensor Network and Cylindrical Array of Microstrip

 Abstract — It is important for a commander to have real-time information to aware situations and to make decision in the battlefield. Results of modern technique developments have brought in this kind of information for military purposes. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is one of the means to gather intelligence owing to its widespread applications. It is still not clear whether or not the mini UAV with short-range wireless transmission system is used as a reconnaissance system in Taiwanese. In this paper, previous experience on the research of the sort of aerial vehicles has been applied with a data-relay system using the ZigBee modulus. The mini UAV developed is expected to be able to collect certain data in some appropriate theaters. The omni-directional antenna with high gain is also integrated into mini UAV to fit the size-reducing trend of airborne sensors. Two advantages are so far obvious. First, mini UAV can fly higher than usual to avoid being attacked from ground fires. Second, the data will be almost gathered during all maneuvering
Neighbourhood structure and light availability influence the variations in plant design of shrubs in two cloud forests of different successional status.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plant design refers to the construction of the plant body or its constituent parts in terms of form and function. Although neighbourhood structure is recognized as a factor that limits plant survival and species coexistence, its relative importance in plant design is not well understood. We conducted field research to analyse how the surrounding environment of neighbourhood structure and related effects on light availability are associated with changes in plant design in two understorey plants (Palicourea padifolia and Psychotria elata) within two successional stages of a cloud forest in Costa Rica. METHODS Features of plant neighbourhood physical structure and light availability, estimated using hemispherical photographs, were used as variables that reflect the surrounding environment. Measures of plant biomechanics, allometry, branching and plant slenderness were used as functional plant attributes that reflect plant design. We propose a framework using a partial least squares path model and used it to test this association. KEY RESULTS The multidimensional response of plant design of these species suggests that decreases in the height-based factor of safety and increases in mechanical load and developmental stability are influenced by increases in maximum height of neighbours and a distance-dependence interference index more than neighbourhood plant density or neighbour aggregation. Changes in plant branching and slenderness are associated positively with light availability and negatively with canopy cover. CONCLUSIONS Although it has been proposed that plant design varies according to plant density and light availability, we found that neighbour size and distance-dependence interference are associated with changes in biomechanics, allometry and branching, and they must be considered as key factors that contribute to the adaptation and coexistence of these plants in this highly diverse forest community.
Optimizing 3 D structure of H 2 O molecule using DDPG

Conventional methods to predict 3D structure of molecule are based on iterative stochastic optimization techniques based on energy calculation using physics-based electronic structure modeling such as DFT or MD. Therefore, computing cost of physics-based modeling is significantly depended by the number of iterations to calculate energy until the total energy of structure is converged. As the cost-efficient alternatives, we propose a novel RL-based algorithm to optimize 3D structure of single H2O molecule based on DDPG (Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient) method. To demonstrate the efficiency of our model, we predicted 3D structure of H2O molecule and compared with results from the conventional DFT calculation. Our experiments show that our model succeed to predict 3D structure of H2O molecule which is identical with the results from DFT calculation.
T Cell Chemokine Receptor Expression in Aging1

Changes in chemokine receptor expression are important in determining T cell migration and the subsequent immune response. To better understand the contribution of the chemokine system in immune senescence we determined the effect of aging on CD4+ T cell chemokine receptor function using microarray, RNase protection assays, Western blot, and in vitro chemokine transmigration assays. Freshly isolated CD4+ cells from aged (20–22 mo) mice were found to express a higher level of CCR1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 8 and CXCR2–5, and a lower level of CCR7 and 9 than those from young (3–4 mo) animals. Caloric restriction partially or completely restored the aging effects on CCR1, 7, and 8 and CXCR2, 4, and 5. The aging-associated differences in chemokine receptor expression cannot be adequately explained by the age-associated shift in the naive/memory or Th1/Th2 profile. CD4+ cells from aged animals have increased chemotactic response to stromal cell-derived factor-1 and macrophage-inflammatory protein-1α, suggesting that the observed chemokine receptor changes have important functional consequences. We propose that the aging-associated changes in T cell chemokine receptor expression may contribute to the different clinical outcome in T cell chemokine receptor-dependent diseases in the elderly.
LARGE SCALE OPTIMAL TRANSPORT

Optimal Transport (OT) naturally arises in many machine learning applications, where we need to handle cross-modality data from multiple sources. Yet the heavy computational burden limits its wide-spread uses. To address the scalability issue, we propose an implicit generative learning-based framework called SPOT (Scalable Push-forward of Optimal Transport). Specifically, we approximate the optimal transport plan by a pushforward of a reference distribution, and cast the optimal transport problem into a minimax problem. We then can solve OT problems efficiently using primal dual stochastic gradient-type algorithms. We also show that we can recover the density of the optimal transport plan using neural ordinary differential equations. Numerical experiments on both synthetic and real datasets illustrate that SPOT is robust and has favorable convergence behavior. SPOT also allows us to efficiently sample from the optimal transport plan, which benefits downstream applications such as domain adaptation.
Impact ellipsoids and measures for robot manipulators

This paper introduces new methods to evaluate the effects of impact and contact forces on robot manipulators. New measures of the vulnerability of any arm to impacts in varying directions are given. Impact ellipsoids corresponding to these measures are defined and analyzed. Examples showing 'good' and 'bad' configurations for contacts and tasks of different types are presented. <<ETX>>