Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How to make a cylinder roll uphill

Slithering, crawling, slipping, and gliding are various modes of limbless locomotion that have been mimicked for micro-manipulation of soft, slender and sessile objects. A lesser known mode is rolling which involves periodic, asymmetric and lateral muscular deformations. Here we enable an elastomeric cylinder of poly(dimethylsiloxane) to roll on a substrate by releasing a small quantity of a solvent like chloroform, toluene, hexane, heptane and so on, which swells differentially a portion of the cylinder, but evaporates from the portion of it which remains exposed to the atmosphere. In a dynamic situation, this asymmetric swelling–shrinking cycle generates a torque which drives the cylinder to roll. The driving torque is strong enough that the cylinder can roll up an inclined plane, within a range of inclination, its velocity even increases. The cylinder can even drag a dead weight significantly larger, ∼8 to 10 times its own weight. A scaling law is derived for optimizing the rolling velocity.
Lattice Boltzmann simulations in microfluidics: probing the boundary condition

In this contribution we summarize our investigations of the effect of boundary slip by utilizing lattice Boltzmann simulations. We investigate fluid flow in hydrophobic and rough microchannels and show that a slip due to hydrophobic interactions increases with increasing hydrophobicity and is independent on the shear rate. If surface roughness is not treated properly while analysing experimental results, a large apparent slip might be measured. We show that the no-slip boundary condition holds in this case if an effective surface position at an intermediate position between peaks and valleys of the surface is considered. Further, we study the effect of microbubbles present on a surface and show that gas bubbles can have a strong impact on the flow properties. They can cause negative slip and due to their deformability, a shear rate dependent slip might be detected in experiments.
Cu and Ni Mop up from Spent Lubrication Oil Using Disposed Plastic Materials

Spent lubrication oil from a serviceable, functional motor vehicle was cleaned of Cu and Ni using five different types of waste plastic materials (plastic water bottles, vegetable oil gallons and engine oil gallons) in batch adsorption processes. Atomic Absorption spectral (AAS) analysis of the spent oil before cleaning showed that Copper (Cu) was present at 18.2 mgL-1 and nickel (Ni) at 26.1 mgL-1 levels. After treatment with the waste plastics, final product plastic (FPP), Goshen water plastic (GWP), water-first plastic (WFP), engine oil waste plastic gallon (EOG) and vegetable oil waste plastic gallon (VOG), the engine oil was observed to contain reduced levels of Cu to as low as 2.3, 3.2, 2.7, 2.4 and 2.9 mgL-1 respectively while Ni reduced to 10.6, 11.1, 10.7, 10.1 and 10.3 mgL-1 respectively at equilibrium. The Gibbs free energy of adsorption for the plastic bottles and gallons was determined using standard methods and fell in the range of -0.516 and -4.972kJmol-1, which indicates that the process was exclusively physical adsorption. The modified Arrhenius type equation described the metals adsorption pattern onto the plastic materials.
Non‐uniform stabilization of control systems

A version of non-uniform in time robust global asymptotic stability is proposed and enables us to derive: (1) sufficient conditions for the stabilization of uncertain nonlinear triangular time-varying control systems; (2) sufficient conditions for the solution of the partial-state global stabilization problem for autonomous systems. The results are obtained via the method of integrator backstepping and are generalizations of the existing corresponding results in the literature.
On the structure of the extra-tropical transition layer from in-situ observations

In-situ observations of atmospheric tracers from multiple measurement campaigns over the period 1994-2007 were combined to investigate the Extra-tropical Transition Layer (ExTL) region and the properties of large scale meridional transport. We used potential temperature, equivalent latitude and distance relative to the local dynamical tropopause as vertical coordinates to highlight the behaviour of trace gases in the tropopause region. Vertical coordinates based on constant PV surfaces allowed us to relate the dynamical definition of the tropopause with trace gases distributions and vertical gradients and hence analyse its latitudinal dependence and seasonal variability. Analysis of the available data provides a working definition of the upper limit of the ExTL based on the upper limit of the region of high vertical CO gradient in PV relative coordinates. A secondary local maximum in vertical O3 gradient can be used a proxy for the lower limit, although it is less clearly defined than that of CO. The sloping isopleths of CO and O3 mixing ratios and the CO mixing ratio gradient are consistent with isopleths in purely dynamical diagnostics such as χ30 d, the proportion of air masses in contact with the PBL within one month and underline the differences between the PV based and chemical tropopauses. The use of tropopause relative coordinates allows different seasons to be analysed together to produce climatological means. The weak dependence of dynamical diagnostics of transport on the absolute values of tracer concentrations makes them a suitable process-oriented tool to evaluate global chemical models and make Lagrangian comparisons.
Efficient Resource Scheduling by Exploiting Relay Cache for Cellular Networks

In relay-enhanced cellular systems, throughput of User Equipment (UE) is constrained by the bottleneck of the two-hop link, backhaul link (or the first hop link), and access link (the second hop link). To maximize the throughput, resource allocation should be coordinated between these two hops. A common resource scheduling algorithm, Adaptive Distributed Proportional Fair, only ensures that the throughput of the first hop is greater than or equal to that of the second hop. But it cannot guarantee a good balance of the throughput and fairness between the two hops. In this paper, we propose a Two-Hop Balanced Distributed Scheduling (TBS) algorithm by exploiting relay cache for non-real-time data traffic. The evolved Node Basestation (eNB) adaptively adjusts the number of Resource Blocks (RBs) allocated to the backhaul link and direct links based on the cache information of relays. Each relay allocates RBs for relay UEs based on the size of the relay UE’s Transport Block. We also design a relay UE’s ACK feedback mechanism to update the data at relay cache. Simulation results show that the proposed TBS can effectively improve resource utilization and achieve a good trade-off between system throughput and fairness by balancing the throughput of backhaul and access link.
Feeding of juvenile white shrimp Penaeus setiferus. periodic or continuous

Juvenile white shrimp Penaeus setiferus were collected every 3 h during two 48 h sampling periods (August 20 to 22 and September 14 to 16, 1985), in the tidal creeks and surrounding marsh areas of North Inlet, South Carolina, USA. Weight of gut contents material relative to shrimp body weight was measured to determine if gut fullness remained constant through time or if variations were correlated with changes in light and tidal levels. All foreguts of the shrimp sampled always contained food and no strong temporal, tidal, or light trends in fullness were evident. It is not known whether this indicated continuous feeding by the shrimp or merely reflects changes in their gut clearance rates. A maximum in gut fullness at sunrise during both 4 8 h periods may have resulted from increased feeding rates at that time. Although shrimp captured in September were on average larger (50.4 vs 41.6 mm carapace length), they had approximately the same mass of food in the guts per unit body weight as those collected in August.
Velocities of auroral coherent echoes at 12 and 144 MHz

Two Doppler coherent radar systems are currently working at Hankasalmi, Finland, the STARE and CUTLASS radars operating at 144 MHz and 12 MHz, respectively. The STARE beam 3 is nearly co-located with the CUTLASS beam 5, providing an opportunity for echo velocity compar- ison along the same direction but at significantly different radar frequencies. In this study we consider an event when STARE radar echoes are detected at the same ranges as CUT- LASS radar echoes. The observations are complemented by EISCAT measurements of the ionospheric electric field and electron density behaviour at one range of 900 km. Two separate situations are studied; for the first one, CUTLASS observed F-region echoes (including the range of the EIS- CAT measurements), while for the second one CUTLASS observed E-region echoes. In both cases STARE E-region measurements were available. We show that F-region CUT- LASS velocities agree well with the convection component along the CUTLASS radar beam, while STARE velocities are typically smaller by a factor of 2-3. For the second case, STARE velocities are found to be either smaller or larger than CUTLASS velocities, depending on the range. Plasma physics of E-and F-region irregularities is discussed in at- tempt to explain the inferred relationship between various velocities. Special attention is paid to ionospheric refraction that is important for the detection of 12-MHz echoes.
MORE MODAL FUN — "FORCED VIBRATION" AT ONE POINT

The question, if a vibrating object can be forced to follow a given movement profile at one point forms a case of an inverse problem. It is shown that for the specific setting of an object described by modal data, this question may be solved by a newly developed method. The new technique has several strengths, such as allowing to compute modal data for the constrained scenario and forming a basis for precise and stable simulations. The latter potential is shown at a short example, a stiff string being hammered against a fixed board by a hammer of infinite mass.
Selection of Appropriate Security Patterns

: For the most part, programming prerequisite examination a find outline procedures in light of different UML (Unified Modeling Language) graphs should be reinforced by the utilization of various security designs. Security Patterns give a path to the product designers to impart at security level in more extensive way. Throughout the most recent couple of years, various security designs has been continuously expanded and as yet expanding. Extensive number of security designs has offered find to basic issue of choosing the proper security example to take care of the current issue. In this examination, an endeavor has been made for robotized verification of security design and an approach is proposed for choice of fitting security designs that fulfils security prerequisites. Keeping in mind the end goal to show this approach, four security designs have been chosen, for example, Single Access Point, CheckPoint, Role and Session. A punctuation has been created for the verification of chose security designs. Objective Oriented Requirement Language (GRL) has been utilized for making the store of formalized security designs, this GRL demonstrate is utilized for extricating actualities which are then spoken to as social examples. Questions have been made to the occurrences to find proper security design which fulfils security prerequisites. This approach obviously identifies the commitment and outcomes of a security design towards the security related Non Functional Requirements (NFRs). It additionally checks for the connections and conditions among the security designs, which helps in finding the pre-imperative examples for the selected security designs. At long last, a technique for identification of security designs utilizing likeness score is introduced. a methodology for the selection of appropriate security patterns has been proposed. Implementation details of the approach is also shown in the paper.
Rayleigh wave phase‐velocity heterogeneity and multilayered azimuthal anisotropy of the Superior Craton, Ontario

SUMMARY We study the azimuthally anisotropic upper-mantle structure of the Superior Craton and Grenville Province in Ontario, Canada, using Rayleigh wave phase-velocity data in the period range 40–160 s. 152 two-station dispersion measurements are combined in a tomographic inversion that solves simultaneously for isotropic and anisotropic terms using a least-squares technique. We perform a series of tests to derive optimal regularization (smoothing and damping) and to assess the resolution of, and trade-offs between, isotropic and anisotropic anomalies. The tomographic inversion is able to resolve isotropic phase-velocity anomalies on a scale of 200-300 km and to distinguish between different anisotropic regimes on a 500-km scale across the study region. Isotropic phase-velocity anomalies in the tomographic model span a range of up to ±2 per cent around a regional average which is similar to the Canadian Shield dispersion curve of Brune & Dorman (1963), with phase velocities up to 3 per cent above global reference models. The amplitude of azimuthal phase-velocity anisotropy reaches a maximum of ∼1.2 per cent. A clear east–west division of the study area, based on both isotropic phasevelocity anomalies and azimuthal anisotropy, is apparent. In the western Superior, isotropic phase velocities are generally higher than the regional average. Anisotropy is observed at all periods, with ENE–WSW to NE–SW fast-propagation directions. At periods ≤120 s, the anisotropy likely results from frozen lithospheric fabric aligned with tectonic boundaries, whereas the anisotropy at longer periods is interpreted to arise from present-day sublithospheric flow. The fast directions from published SKS measurements are close to the fast Rayleigh wave propagation directions throughout the period range sampled, and the large SKS splitting times may be accounted for by this near-coincidence of fast-propagation directions. Across most of eastern Ontario, phase velocities are lower than the regional average. Fast-propagation directions rotate from ∼NW–SE at 40–130 s period to WNW–ESE at periods 140–160 s. The results suggest a difference in fast-propagation directions between the anisotropic fabric frozen into the lithosphere and the fabric due to current and recent sublithospheric flow. The Superior Craton and Grenville Province are characterized by large-scale structural variations that reflect the complex tectonic history of the region. This study highlights differences between the characteristics of eastern and western Ontario and indicates the occurrence of multiple layers of anisotropy in the subcratonic upper mantle.
Wealth And Income Effects Of Natural Disasters: An Econometric Analysis Of Hurricane Hugo

Following natural disasters, many regions face substantial losses of wealth. However, some sectors experience temporary gains in economic activity as a result of insurance claims and other short-term income flows. This paper examines the economic gains and losses from Hurricane Hugo in South Carolina. The analysis is based on a multi-sector regional econometric model, which allows us to examine the state's economy "with and without" the storm. We first obtained estimates based on pre-Hugo period data. Then, we simulated the state's economy in the post-Hugo period based on the actual values of national economic variables during the reconstruction period-yielding the "without" storm estimates. We found that the income gains were neutral overall, despite a major surge in some sectors. Even in these sectors, the economic gain remained below the unreimbursed wealth loss. Thus, the catastrophe had a net negative economic effect.
Aerosol major ion record at Mount Washington

[1] This study examined the seasonal cycles and regional-scale meteorological controls on the chemical properties of bulk aerosols collected from 1999 to 2004 at Mount Washington, the highest peak in the northeastern United States. The concentrations of NH4+ and SO42− peaked during summer months. The pattern for aerosol NO3− was more complicated with relatively high median concentrations characterizing spring and summer months, but with major elevated events occurring during fall, winter, and spring. The seasonal relationship between NH4+ and SO42− indicated that during warmer months a mixture of (NH4)2SO4 and NH4HSO4 was present, while it was mainly the latter in winter. More acidity and higher concentrations of the major species were generally associated with winds from the southwest and west sectors. The highest (≥95th percentile) concentrations of SO42− and NH4+ were associated with air mass transport from major upwind source regions in the Midwest and along the eastern seaboard. The ionic composition and seasonal cycle observed at Mount Washington were similar to those measured at other northeastern sites, but the range and average concentrations were much lower. These differences were exaggerated during wintertime. Included in this paper are several Eulerian case studies of SO2 conversion to SO42− during transit from Whiteface Mountain, New York, to Mount Washington. The calculations suggest a gas-phase SO2 oxidation rate of ∼1–2% per hour and demonstrate the possibility of using these two sites to investigate the chemical evolution of air masses as they move from Midwestern source regions to northern New England.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Causes Renal Epithelial Cell Disjunction

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress results from the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER. ER stress is associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) of various causes, including two of the major causes of AKI, nephrotoxic drugs and renal ischemia. AKI is a pathology affecting approximately 15% of all hospital stays. When AKI occurs, it results in both significantly increased mortality and increased length of hospital stay. If the patient survives to leave the hospital, it increases the likelihood of developing chronic kidney disease 10-fold, end stage kidney disease 3-fold, and the incidence of premature death 2-fold. An important pathological feature of AKI is the disruption of epithelial cell junctions in the proximal tubule. This loss of epithelial cell junctions disrupts cell polarity preventing the reabsorption of ultrafiltrate components, including sodium, back into the circulation. We hypothesized that ER stress causes epithelial cell disjunction in human proximal tubular cells by trapping the junctional components in the ER and preventing them from reaching the cell surface. ER stress was induced by a variety of stressors including tunicamycin, thapsigargin, and A23187, all of which differ in their mechanism of action. We found that induction of ER stress, by any means, caused epithelial cell disjunction in the renal tubular epithelium. Disjunction was determined by the translocation of β-catenin, which is both a structural component of epithelial cell adherens junctions and a molecular chaperone, from the cell periphery to the perinuclear region. Co-localization experiments found β-catenin to be trapped within the ER.
Composites Classification and Manufacturing Operations: A Review

A composite material is composed of two or more dissimilar constituents with one constituent as the reinforcing phase and the other as the matrix. These constituents do not dissolve in each other and they work together to give the composite special properties which makes it widely used in different aspects of industry. This paper covers the classification of composite materials and a number of the manufacturing processes used in their production.
Coping with unreliability in public transport chains

Unreliability in public transport means that actual departure and arrival times may deviate from the official timetable. Data on unreliability are usually uni-modal. In this paper we address unreliability from a multimodal perspective, implying a shift of attention away from the supplier towards the customer. Estimates of unreliability of public transport chains in the Netherlands are provided. In addition, customer valuation of unreliability is estimated. We find that the valuation of a certain travel time loss of 1 minute is 27 cents, whereas the valuation of a 50% probability of a 2 minute delay is 64 cents. This implies a strong attitude of risk aversion towards travel time of passengers. On the basis of these values an evaluation of probability enhancing strategies has been carried out. We conclude that among the most promising means of improving the overall quality of the chains is that travellers use the bicycle as an entrance or exit mode. Other measures which are relatively inexpensive to implement and result in fairly large gains for the average public transport passenger, are an increase in transfer times and a strict constraint on bus drivers to prevent them from departing early.
AGPAT6 gene EX1_303T>C and EX12_299G>A mutations and associations with economic traits of Chinese Simmental-cross cattle

Abstract. One of the 11 members in the family of 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate-O- acyltransferases (AGPATs), AGPAT6, is responsible for the second step in the biosynthesis of triacylglycerol in eukaryotes. The AGPAT6 gene is highly expressed in brown adipose tissue, mammary gland epithelial cells and many other tissues. In this study, the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was applied to detect sites of polymorphism in the bovine AGPAT6 gene, and two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in the exon 1 and exon 12. Thirty-three traits associated with the meat quality and the carcass were also measured in Chinese Simmental-cross steers. The association between the two SNPs and the traits was then analyzed. The polymorphism site EX1_303T > C was significantly associated with the omasum weight, liver weight, pH value of the beef (carcass), fat coverage rate of the carcass, fat color score, kidney weight and back fat thickness. The polymorphism site EX12_299G > A was significantly associated with bone net weight, forehoof weight, hind feet weight, the fat coverage rate of the carcass, the head and heart weight and the marbling score. Thus, the polymorphisms in the AGPAT6 gene might be important genetic factors that influence the carcass yield and meat quality of beef cattle and may be useful markers of meat quality traits in future marker-assisted selection programs for the breeding and production of beef cattle.
What's in a name? A study of how children learn common and proper names.

KATZ, NANCY; BAKER, ERICA; and MACNAMARA, JOHN. What's in a Name? A Study of How Children Learn Common and Proper Names. CHmLD DEVELOPMENT, 1974, 45, 469-473. This paper studies the processes whereby small children (17-24 mo.) learn common and proper nouns and learn how English distinguishes between them. Our thesis is that within certain classes of objects (e.g., people), the children first discriminate individuals and then learn their names, whereas among other classes of objects (e.g., spoons) they do not discriminate individuals, and learn names only for the class. These two processes enable the children to learn the syntactic distinction between common and proper nouns. The thesis is supported by two sets of experimental data derived from a total of 80 children.