Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stability of the numerical solution of unsteady heat conduction: A mechanical approach

Abstract This work proposes a mechanical analog of the unsteady energy conservation equation for analysis of the stability of its numerical solution. The space discretized energy conservation equation is the analog of the linear momentum equation, from which no relevant information can be extracted concerning the stability of its numerical solution. The corresponding angular momentum equation can be obtained from the space discretized energy conservation equation, from which relevant information can be extracted concerning stability of the numerical solution. In that equation, the angular perturbation is the analog of the temperature perturbation. This approach/analogy and results help for a better understanding of the stability/instability of the numerical solution of unsteady diffusion problems.
Detailed modeling of the video signal and optimal readout of charge‐coupled devices

This article provides a practical design methodology to calculate an optimal filter for noise reduction in the readout of charge‐coupled devices (CCDs) taking into account the charge transfer and feedthroughs due to capacitive coupling in the CCD. A detailed analysis of the dynamics of the video signal and charge transfer is presented, including the circuital modeling of the output stage of the CCD and the dynamics of the electronics in the video chain before the analog‐to‐digital (AD) converter. This model is used to compute an optimal filter that minimizes the variance of the pixel noise and uses the samples of the charge transfer, before the charge is fully settled. This is necessary to enhance the performance of previous results that also use optimal filters but do not use the transition samples, while also reducing the pixel readout time, resulting in faster readouts. As a proof of concept for the optimal filter, we present novel experimental results using a Skipper CCD, which has a floating sense node that allows to measure the charge packet an arbitrary number of times. However, this technique can be applied to any CCD that has a readout system that digitally samples the video signal.
Seasonal and Spatial Patterns of Fish Sound Production in the May River, South Carolina

AbstractMany fish species produce sounds that are associated with reproductive behavior, and hydrophone recordings can be used to document this behavior in soniferous fishes. We recorded the sounds produced by a fish community and determined general seasonal and spatial patterns of fish sound production in the May River, South Carolina, as a means to assess general temporal and spatial patterns of reproduction. Two-minute sound files, temperature, salinity, and depth were recorded at 27 stations at monthly intervals along the May River in Bluffton, South Carolina, from January 2012 to December 2012. We identified species-specific calls from Spotted Seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus, Oyster Toadfish Opsanus tau, Silver Perch Bairdiella chrysoura, Black Drum Pogonias cromis, and Red Drum Sciaenops ocellatus. General species-specific seasonal patterns were noted; some species produced sounds within a specific time period and temperature range. Seasonally, Silver Perch, Oyster Toadfish, and Black Drum began callin.
Caracterização de linhagens industriais de Saccharomyces cerevisiae quanto a filamentação induzida por álcoois e deficiência de nutrientes

Characterization of industrial strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by filamentous growth induced by alcohol and nutrient deprivation The use of microorganisms in biotechnology is an important and economical area of interest in Brazil. Among these, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is specially remarkable in baking industry and alcohol fermentation. Dimorphism in S. cerevisiae (cell morphology alterations from budding cells to filamentous structures) has been observed in conditions of nitrogen and carbon deprivation and presence of fusel alcohoes. This can be a defense mechanism that allows the yeast to forage for nutrients through cell elongation, hyphal growth and medium invasiveness. In this work seventeen industrial strains of S. cerevisiae (haploid and diploid) isolated from the fermentative process for alcohol production were characterized for filamentation induced by carbon (invasive growth) and nitrogen deprivation and presence of fusel alcohol, in solid culture media. The induction of filamentation by isoamyl alcohol in fermentation condition was also aimed, evaluating its effects on the fermentative parameters. The majority presented filamentation induced by isoamyl alcohol, butanol and isobutanol, but not by methanol. The isoamyl alcohol was the most effective inducer in rich medium (YEPD), diploid strains showed invasive growth, although this kind of filamentous growth be common in haploid strains. Similar results were observed when fructose and mannose were utilized replacing glucose in the culture medium. In nitrogen-deficient medium (SLAD) the strains did not filament. The yeast strain CCA193 (PE-02), extensively used in the alcohol units, was chosen for filamentation induction by isoamyl alcohol in fermentation conditions (sugar cane juice medium and cell recycle system). The addition of 0.1% of this higher alcohol affected significantly the fermentative parameters, however filamentation was induced after the third fermentative cycle, coincident with the cell viability, viable cell number, ethanol production recuperation and residual Brix decrease, though the values were not comparable to the treatment without isoamyl alcohol by the sixth cycle.The results obtained indicate that the filamentation induced by higher alcohol and nutrient deprivation (specially carbon) is a common process in industrial strains of S. cerevisiae and can contribute for the cell maintenance/survival in adverse conditions.
Decomposing Barotropic Transport Variability in a High‐Resolution Model of the North Atlantic Ocean

<p>Temporal variability of the annual mean barotropic streamfunction in a high-resolution model configuration (VIKING20) for the northern North Atlantic is analyzed using a decomposition technique based on the vertically-averaged momentum equation. The method is illustrated by examining how the Gulf Stream transport in the recirculation region responds to the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). While no significant response is found in the year overlapping with the winter NAO index, a tendency is found for the Gulf Stream transport to increase as the NAO becomes more positive, starting in lead years 1 and 2 when the mean flow advection (MFA) and eddy momentum flux (EMF) terms associated with the nonlinear terms dominate in the momentum equations. Only after 2 years, the potential energy (PE) term, associated with the density field, starts to play a role and it is only after 5 years that the transport dependence on the NAO ceases to be significant. The PE contribution to the transport streamfunction has significant memory of up to 5 years in the Labrador and Irminger Seas. However, it is only around the northern rim of these seas that VIKING20 and the transport reconstruction exhibit similar memory. This is due to masking by the nonlinear MFA and EMF contributions. </p>
EFFECT OF MANAGEMENT DECISIONS ON CORN YIELD PRODUCTIVITY AND STABILITY IN ENVIRONMENTS WITH CONTRASTING WATER AVAILABILITY

OF THESIS EFFECT OF MANAGEMENT DECISIONS ON CORN YIELD PRODUCTIVITY AND STABILITY IN ENVIRONMENTS WITH CONTRASTING WATER AVAILABILITY Corn (Zea Mays L.) is a grain crop with large productivity, but also elevated evapotranspiration demand, making it highly susceptible to periods of water stress occurring during critical reproductive stages. Environmental conditions in Kentucky make it possible to grow corn under rainfed conditions, but the crop is still likely to experience water stress during some times of the growing season depending on the year and location. There is limited information on the size of the yield gap due to water stress in Kentucky, and the timing and intensity of water deficit. In addition, evaluating the interactive effects of hybrid maturity and planting Population may allow management recommendations that increase corn yield productivity and stability for irrigated and rainfed conditions in Kentucky. This thesis is structured in three chapters that analyze different aspects of this interaction. In Chapter 1 we analyzed data from corn performance tests (2005-2017) in three states with variable number of sites under irrigation (KY, 0% irrigated sites; NE, 62% of irrigated sites; and AR, 100% irrigated sites), to study the yield stability of different hybrid maturities. Results from this analysis showed that later maturities maximized yield under irrigated conditions, but reduced yield stability, meanwhile in rainfed conditions, early hybrids increased stability, with small yield penalties. Thereafter, field experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 to quantify the yield response of early and late maturities to irrigation (Chapter 2), and the interactive effect of hybrid maturity and plant population on corn yield and yield components under irrigation (Chapter 3). A preliminary analysis of the expected water deficit during the growing season based on historical water data indicated that 85 to 103 days with cumulative water deficit above 50 mm are expected during the months of May to September in Kentucky. Field experiments showed a 6 to 28 % yield increase under irrigation in 2017, but no effect in 2018 due to higher precipitation. Overall, yield increased with later maturities by 67 to 205 kg ha per unit increase in CRM. Results from Chapter 3 showed that increasing plant population from 7.8 to 10 pl m increased kernel number in early maturities, and kernel weight in later ones. However, there was a compensation of yield components and no effect of plant population on yield. Most of the yield variability was explained by hybrid maturity. Interestingly, higher yields in late maturities was explained by a higher kernel weight in 2017, but by a higher number of kernels in 2018. No differences found in KGR among hybrids in 2018, suggesting that higher KW for later hybrids was associated with an extension in three days of the EFP. Further research should focus on water use of contrasting maturities and populations to develop management recommendations in irrigated cornfields across Kentucky.
2 The Pathway and Mechanism of Eukaryotic Protein Synthesis

Knowledge of the detailed mechanism of protein synthesis is essential for understanding translational controls. We are primarily concerned with how the various macromolecules of the translational apparatus interact to promote the process of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells. The entire process is divided conveniently into three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination. This chapter focuses on how the soluble factors, namely, initiation factors, elongation factors, and release factors, catalyze the sequential binding and reaction of aminoacyl-tRNAs to ribosomes as dictated by the template messenger RNA. Details of transfer RNA structure and aminoacylation and ribosome structure lie outside the scope of this chapter. For reviews on the formation and functions of aminoacyl-tRNAs, see Carter (1993) and Soll (1993); see also the chapter by Wool (this volume) on ribosomal proteins and a book on ribosome structure/function (Nierhaus et al. 1993). Insight into the process of protein synthesis emerged primarily from biochemical studies that utilized radioactively labeled amino acids and fractionated lysates derived from either bacterial or mammalian cells. The major macromolecular components were identified by purifying proteins and nucleic acids required to reconstitute translation in the test tube. Surprisingly, bacterial genetic approaches contributed only modestly to the identification of the greater than 200 macromolecular components that comprise the translational apparatus. Because the biochemical approach was so fruitful, subsequent in vitro studies on how these molecules interact proceeded rapidly. It is only recently that genetic studies with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae or experiments using recombinant DNA techniques have enabled researchers to examine the mechanism.
Apoptotic B cells: their interactions with macrophages and modulation by rituximab

Apoptotic cells (AC) are able to modulate the immune system, dampening inflammation and triggering anti-inflammatory responses by various immune cells as a consequence of interaction and uptake. Rituximab (RTX) is an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody used as a treatment in several autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Treatment results in B cell depletion, with B cell apoptosis known to contribute to RTX-mediated B cell death. However the simple removal of B cells from the system does not seem to account for all the beneficial effects of this biologic. We propose that RTX treatment in RA results in the re-establishment of temporary tolerance to the system, through an apoptotic B cell-dependent mechanism. Initial in vitro and in vivo investigations were undertaken to explore the validity of this hypothesis. The present work sought to examine the immunomodulatory capacity of apoptotic B cells and to determine whether the potential anti-inflammatory effects of apoptotic B cells are modulated by RTX, with both in vitro methods and an in vivo model of autoimmunity utilized in these studies. The results presented in this thesis demonstrate that apoptotic B cells have comparable effects on bone marrow derived macrophage (BMDM) phenotype and function in vitro as previously described AC from other cellular sources. Surprisingly, in the in vitro assay system used, viable cells had the same immunomodulatory effects on BMDM as AC, for all criteria investigated. Preliminary studies indicate this may be a promising avenue of inquiry, however further work is needed before a conclusion can be reached as to the relative level of involvement of apoptotic B cell-mediated tolerance in the improvement seen on RTX treatment in RA.
Deletion of α-, β-, and ω-Interferon Genes in Malignant Cells from Children with Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Scanning densitometry and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis were used to study the α-, β-, γ-, and ω-interferon (IFN) genes in malignant cells from 11 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia and in one cell line of T-cell origin. In the malignant cells of one patient there was a complete loss of α-, β-, and ω-IFN genes, whereas in another patient one of the alleles of these genes had been deleted. Cytogenetic analysis revealed a deletion of the short arm of chromosome 9, i.e. , the region containing the α-, β-, and ω-IFN genes, in the latter patient. The normal cells of the patients with IFN gene deletions had two alleles of the α-, β-, and ω-IFN genes. In cells from none of the patients could deletions or rearrangements of the γ-IFN genes be detected. We conclude that in 2 of 11 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia the malignant transformation is accompanied by loss of material on one or both chromosomes 9 and that the α-, β-, and ω-IFN genes are included in these deletions.
An oasis in the Central Anatolian steppe: the ecology of a callopse doline

In this study, the ecological properties of a collapse doline located in the steppe of Central Anatolia were determined via micro-climate conditions, plant specimens, and high-resolution surface models. The collapse doline covers 8,708 m 2 and has a maximum length of 121 m and a maximum depth of 59 meters. Annual, maximum and minimum temperatures show that the inside of the doline is hotter than outside during the summer months. Notably, the inside of the doline has much greater humidity than outside during the winter and spring months. A total of 156 plant species were identified in the doline. The coldest and wettest part of the doline is the steep north-facing walls which are covered with bryophytes due to the influence of shadow. While shrub forms are found on the south and east-facing slopes, the west-facing slopes are covered with herbaceous forms. Due to the geographic location of the doline, the aspect and slope properties and their microclimatic effects significantly influence the number and distribution of plant species in the doline. While bryophytes shelter on the north-facing slopes and the steep walls of the doline, shrubs grow on the south and east-facing slopes and herbaceous forms favor the west-facing slopes.
EFFECT OF 1,3;1,6-β-D-GLUCAN ON THE FORMATION OF ABNORMAL TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS PARTICLES IN THE LEAVES OF NICOTIANA TABACUM cv. SAMSUN

The carbohydrate-containing polymer 1,3;1,6-s-Dglucan was obtained by transformation of laminaran from the alga Laminaria cichorioides with endo-s-1,3- glucanase from marine mollusks. In electron microscope observations of phosphotungstic acid-stained preparations from Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun leaves inoculated with a mixture of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) (1 µg/ml) and glucan (1 mg/ml) or with TMV alone, we found that such preparations contained, along with virus particles of normal diameter (about 18 nm), abnormal (swollen and thinner) particles. The highest number of thin viral particles was found in dips from leaves inoculated with TMV together with glucan. It is suggested that this may be caused by a glucan-mediated increase of TMV particle proteolysis in infected leaves.
Research on quorum sensing particle swarm optimization based on chaos

particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a kind of swarm optimization algorithm with fast search speed, high efficiency and suitable for practical optimization problems. Once it was put forward, it has attracted extensive attention of scholars in various fields. A quorum sensing particle swarm optimization (CPSOQS) algorithm based on chaos is proposed to solve the shortcomings of traditional PSO algorithms, such as poor handling of discrete optimization problems and the loss of searching ability due to the fast particle velocity decline in the later stage. Firstly, the search ability of the algorithm is improved by generating chaotic sequences and mapping them to the solution space of the definition domain; Secondly, the quorum sensing mechanism of bacteria is introduced into PSO. Chaos search was used twice in the algorithm, which improved the global search ability. CEC 2005 benchmark is used to test the performance of the algorithm. The experimental results show that among the 14 selected test functions, 11 test functions have better experimental results than the comparison algorithm.
Robust observer-based adaptive control of blood glucose in diabetic patients

The objective of this paper is to design a robust observer-based adaptive controller for an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) model of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) patients. The model is assumed to be nonlinear and uncertain. The robust observer estimates the states of the uncertain T1DM model. Once the states are estimated, an adaptive control technique based on Lyapunov's second method is proposed to achieve the desired closed-loop performance for an uncertain system. The results presented here depict that the design philosophy can avoid severe hypoglycaemia (glucose concentration level below 50 mg/dl), bringing down the glucose concentration to a safe level within a specified time of 120 min. Restoring and maintaining the plasma glucose concentration in T1DM patients in the euglycaemic range (70–180 mg/dl) by appropriate insulin infusion under meal disturbances and parametric variations of are effectively handled with the proposed controller. The realistic situation for the patient model like consideration of (i) only one measurable state, and (ii) uncertain as well as time-varying model parameters addressing inter- and intra-patient variability, respectively, are taken into account. The complexity of the T1DM model leads to a new integrated design methodology, combining robustness and adaptive philosophy for the first time.
Reliability Research of Vacuum Circuit Breaker Based on Degradation

As one of the terminal equipments of power system, circuit breaker plays the role of control, regulation and protection, and its reliability level has an important impact on the stability of power system. The key point of reliability research of circuit breaker is mechanical reliability. Aiming at the research of mechanical reliability of vacuum circuit breaker, in order to make full use of the process information of circuit breaker failure, this paper uses the method of reliability modeling based on degradation to do tens of thousands of degradation tests on six 12 KV permanent magnet vacuum circuit breakers, and uses the principal component analysis method to determine the degradation amount of overrun to establish the degradation process model. According to the over-range degradation data, Weibull distribution is used to establish the degradation distribution model, and the corresponding model parameters are calculated, and the reliability function and the reliability comparison curve are given.
Variables asociadas con el uso de hábitat del manatí del Caribe (Trichechus manatus) en Quintana Roo, México (Mammalia)

La influencia de: temperatura atmosferica y del agua, vientos, nubosidad, profundidad, salinidad, abundancia de pastos y algas, y estructura de grupo; en la distribucion espacial de Trichechus manatus manatus , fue estudiada en la Bahia de Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico; de noviembre de 1994 ajunio de 1995. Las variables con menor asociacion fueron: nubosidad y temperatura atmosferica y del agua (en contraste con lo reportado para la subespecie de Florida, Trichechus manatus latirostris ); las variables con asociacion moderada fueron: salinidad (como en Florida), profundidad (uso frecuente de profundidades entre 0.80 y 2 m) y estructura de grupo (lo cual sugiere que la zona no es importante como area de apareamiento). La distribucion espacial fue asociada principalmente con cambios drasticos en la intensidad del viento y con el alimento disponible (similar a trabajos previos realizados en Mexico).
Priming and Stock Preferences: Evidence From IPO Lotteries

Existing studies in social psychology have found that priming has pervasive effects, mostly in laboratory settings and over short periods of time. This study investigates the priming effect in the real financial world and over longer periods of time. We hypothesize that successful lottery-like experiences raise investors’ subsequent demand for other lottery-like stocks by increasing the accessibility of tail events. By exploiting the randomized distribution of IPO shares in China as a natural experiment, we find that, compared with matched control investors, the investors who were allocated IPO shares (lottery winners) substantially shift their non-IPO portfolios toward lottery-like stocks over the three months subsequent to the distribution. This effect is more pronounced for investors winning IPO lotteries with lower winning rates or larger issue-price discounts. Moreover, lottery winners experience a decrease in their overall portfolio return by more than 1% within the three months subsequent to the distribution relative to matched control investors, which is largely in proportion to the increases in their subsequent demand for lottery-like stocks. Our findings are not explained by the house money effect or the wealth effect. Overall, our study suggests that lottery-like cues play a critical role in shaping investors’ gambling preferences in stock markets, providing field-based evidence for the long-term priming effect.