Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studium interakcí radionuklidy značených monoklonálních protilátek s receptorem pro epidermální růstový faktor in vitro

8 Seznam zkratek. 10 1 Úvod . 14 2 Teoretická část . 15 2.1 Cílená radiofarmaka . 15 2.1. 1 Přehled cílených radiofarmak dle struktury . 15 2.2 Monoklonální protilátky v nukleární medicíně . 19 2.2.1 Struktura monoklonálních protilátek . 19 2.2.2 Produkce monoklonálních protilátek . 20 2.2.3 Fragmenty protilátek . 25 2.2. 4 Radionuklidy pro značení protilátek. 30 2.2. 5 Způsoby značení protilátek radioizotopy . 34 2.2. 6 Chelátory používané pro značení protilátek. 36 2.2. 7 Radioimunodiagnostika a radioimunoterapie . 40 2.2. 8 Nežádoucí účinky radioimunoterapie . 47 2.2. 9 Pretargeting v radioimunoterapii . 50 2.3 Receptor pro epidermální růstový faktor (EGRF) . 52 2.3.1 Protilátky cílené na EGRF . 55 3 Experimentální část . 59 3.1 Chemikálie . 59 3.2 Buněčné linie . 60 3.3 Použité přístroje . 60 3.4 Použité metody. 62 3.4. 1 Radiojodace. 62 3.4. 2 Značení protilátek radiokovy . 63 3.4. 3 Kontrola radiochemické kvality . 64 3.4. 4 Klasická saturační technika pro stanovení počtu receptorů . 65 3.4. 5 KEX metoda (kinetic extrapolation) stanovení počtu receptorů . 67 3.4. 6 Vazebnost protilátek in vitro . 68 3.4. 7 Stanovení koncentrace modifikovaných protilátek . 69 3.4. 8 Western blot analýza . 69 3.4. 9 Statistická analýza . 70 4 Cíle práce . 71 5 Výsledky . 72 5.1 Značení monoklonálních protilátek radioaktivním jódem . 72 5.2 Kvantifikace exprese EGFR u vybraných buněčných linií pomocí značených protilátek . 74 5.3 Značení monoklonálních protilátek radiokovy . 77 5.4 Vazebnost modifikovaných protilátek na EGFR a porovnání vlivu chelátoru . 85 6 Diskuze . 89 7 Závěr . 100 8 Seznam použité literatury . 102 9 Seznam publikovaných vědeckých a odborných prací. 118 9.1 Publikace související s disertační prací . 118 9.2 Další publikované práce . 118 9.3 Prezentace na vědeckých konferencích . 119 10 Přílohy – odborné publikace s tématikou dizertační práce. 124 Zbyněk Nový disertační práce Abstrakt
Adaptive strategies for managing uncertainty may explain personality-related differences in behavioural plasticity

There is growing evidence that individuals within populations show consistent differences in their behaviour across contexts (personality), and that personality is associated with the extent to which individuals adjust their behaviour as function of changing conditions (behavioural plasticity). We propose an evolutionary explanation for a link between personality and plasticity based upon how individuals manage uncertainty. Individuals can employ three categories of tactics to manage uncertainty. They can 1) gather information (sample) to reduce uncertainty, 2) show strategic (statedependent) preferences for options that differ in their associated variances in rewards (i.e. variance-sensitivity), or 3) invest in insurance to mitigate the consequences of uncertainty. We explicitly outline how individual differences in the use of any of these tactics can generate personality-related differences in behavioural plasticity. For example, sampling effort is likely to co-vary with individual activity and exploration behaviours, while simultaneously creating population variation in reactions to changes in environmental conditions. Individual differences in the use of insurance may be associated with differences in risk-taking behaviours, such as boldness in the face of predation, thereby influencing the degree of adaptive plasticity across individuals. Population variation in responsiveness to environmental changes may also reflect individual differences in variance-sensitivity, because stochastic change in the environment increases variances in rewards, which may both attract and benefit variance-prone individuals, but not variance-averse individuals. We review the existing evidence that individual variation in strategies for managing uncertainty exist, and describe how positivefeedbacks between sampling, variance-sensitivity and insurance can maintain and exaggerate even small initial differences between individuals in the relative use of these tactics. Given the pervasiveness of the problem of uncertainty, alternative strategies for managing uncertainty may provide a powerful explanation for consistent differences in behaviour and behavioural plasticity for a wide range of traits.
Colonization during early succession of restored freshwater marshes

Little is known about the importance of initial colonization in the successional development of restored wetlands. We compared plant communities of two lightly planted restorations (water levels restored + planted and seeded), three hydrologic restorations (water levels restored), and two undrained sites. Measurements typically used in monitoring (richness, diversity, aboveground biomass) indicated that 2-3 years after restoration, restored wetlands showed only small differences from the plant community structure of undrained wetlands in the saturated zone. In con- trast, analysis of vegetation based on species composition indicated differences in vegetation communities among all wetland types. Plant communities of planted restorations and reference sites were dominated by emergent species, while hydrologic restorations had a more variable plant community. These results indicate a small effect of initial planting and seeding at low densities and show that colonization is rapid during early succession of restored marshes. It was not clear whether either restoration method would eventually result in vegetation communities similar to refer - ence sites. These results indicate that current monitoring periods of 3-5 years are insufficient to allow time for an ac - curate assessment of the successional development in each wetland.
Dipterofauna do arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha (Pernambuco, Brasil)

This paper records some Diptera from the island of Fernando de Noronha (Pernambuco, Brazil), presenting the richness of species and their abundance. The material studied was collected in July 1973. Eight families of Diptera in a total of 11,515 specimens were studied. Among the families the following seven are new records: Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Fanniidae, Stratiomyidae, Sepsidae, Otitidae and Tabanidae. The first three and the Sarcophagidae (previously recorded) were identified to species level. The most abundant families were Sepsidae and Calliphoridae with more than 80% of the total collected, having Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775), as the dominant species.
Molecular adaptation of the CREB-Binding Protein for aquatic living in cetaceans

Cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises) are aquatic mammals that experienced drastic changes during the transition from terrestrial to aquatic environment. Morphological changes include streamlined body, alterations in the face, transformation of the forelimbs into flippers, disappearance of the hindlimbs and the acquisition of flukes on the tail. For a prolonged diving, cetaceans acquired hypoxia-resistance by developing various anatomical and physiological changes. However, molecular mechanisms underlying these adaptations are still limited. CREB-binding protein (CREBBP) is a transcriptional co-activator critical for embryonic development, growth control, metabolic homeostasis and responses to hypoxia. Natural selection analysis of five cetacean CREBBPs compared with those from 15 terrestrial relatives revealed strong purifying selection, supporting the importance of its role in mammals. However, prediction for amino acid changes that elicit functional difference of CREBBP identified three cetacean specific changes localized within a region required for interaction with SRCAP and in proximal regions to KIX domain of CREBBP. Mutations in CREBBP or SRCAP are known to cause craniofacial and skeletal defects in human, and KIX domain of CREBBP serves as a docking site for transcription factors including c-Myb, an essential regulator of haematopoiesis. In these respects, our study provides interesting insights into the functional adaptation of cetacean CREBBP for aquatic lifestyle.
An H-Phosphonate Strategy for the Synthesis of Aciclovir 5′-triphosphate

Nucleside 5′-triphosphates (NTPs) play pivotal roles in biology and medicine. However, their synthesis still remains a challenge. We developed a general approach to the synthesis of aciclovir 5′-triphosphate by coupling intermediate pyridinium phosphoramidate with pyrophosphate.
Vulnerability to cavitation of leaf minor veins: any impact on leaf gas exchange?

Vulnerability to cavitation of leaf minor veins and stems of Laurus nobilis L. was quantified together with that of leaflets, rachides and stems of Ceratonia siliqua L. during air-dehydration of 3-year-old branches. Embolism was estimated by counting ultrasound acoustic emissions (UAE) and relating them to leaf water potential (Ψ L ). The threshold Ψ L for cavitation was less negative in L. nobilis than in C. siliqua according to the known higher drought resistance of the latter species. Leaf minor vein cavitation was also quantified by infiltrating leaves with fluorescein at different dehydration levels and observing them under microscope. Distinct decreases in the functional integrity of minor veins were observed during leaf dehydration, with high correlation between the two variables. The relationship between leaf conductance to water vapour (g L ) and Ψ L showed that stomata of L. nobilis closed in response to stem and not to leaf cavitation. However, in C. siliqua, g L decreased in coincidence to the leaf cavitation threshold, which was, nevertheless, very close to that of the stem. The hypothesis that stem cavitation acts as a signal for stomatal closure was confirmed, while the same role for leaf cavitation remains an open problem.
Field Meeting on the Lizard Peninsula, Cornwall

This meeting originated from a brief holiday visit in 1983 (Gilbert 1984) during which it was realized that the area contained a wealth of unusual habitats largely unstudied by lichenologists. Consequently the 1986 spring field meeting of the British Lichen Society was devoted to surveying the Lizard Peninsula, Cornwall. The 14 members who attended were based at the Headland Hotel, Coverack, 17-23 April. The object of the meeting was to produce an ecological account of the lichen flora of the Lizard, so recording beyond the boundary fault was not encouraged; we rarely strayed out of grid squares 10/61 and 10/71, both of which are mainly covered by sea. Despite this, 385 taxa were recorded, including the macrolichens Collema latzelii Zahlbr. , Nephroma tangeriense (Maheu & A. Gillet) Zahlbr. and Solenopsora liparina (Nyl.) Zahlbr. , new to the British Isles. A Heterodermia close to H. isidiophora (Nyl.) Awasthi was also found and if correct would be new to Europe. The Lizard Peninsula is the most southerly point on the English mainland and consists of plutonic rocks, including the largest area of serpentine in Great Britain (Fig. 1). This combination of features has led to the development of specialized habitats, so over half the area has either National Nature Reserve or Site of Special Scientific Interest status. Topographically, the peninsula is a gently undulating plateau with its surface at 90 m, bounded to the east, south and west by steep sea cliffs. Rock outcrops are mostly associated with the coast which was explored with the aid of the 1 :50,000 geological map (British Geological Survey 1975) and the relevant Memoir (Flett 1946). The chief inland lichen habitats are the uncultivated heathlands which overlie the serpentine, small valley woodlands and churchyards. The climate is windy (gale-force winds 30 d y ~ l ) , mild, moist and sunny (daily mean 4-5-50 h). In the United Kingdom only the Channel Islands enjoy more equable temperatures and more sunshine. The rarity of extreme frost is especially noteworthy, the average annual minimum temperature being only — 1°C. Although highly oceanic, the climate shows some Mediterranean tendencies, notably in the spring rainfall minimum and high total hours of bright sunshine.
Potential of alkaline hydrolysis for the removal of fumonisins from contaminated corn.

Studies have shown that fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ) may undergo alkaline hydrolysis to yield its aminopentol (AP 1 ) and tricarballylic acid moieties. Treatment of fumonisin-contaminated ground corn with 0.1 M calcium hydroxide, over a period of 24 h at room temperature, resulted in the transfer of the majority of the FB 1 (mean = 74.1%) to the easily separable aqueous fraction, where it was present predominantly as the AP 1 moiety. Following similar treatment of intact corn kernels, only 5.1% of the original FB 1 concentration was retained in those kernels devoid of their outer pericarp.
Influence of wheat hardness and xylanase supplementation on the performance, energy utilisation, digestive tract development and digesta parameters of broiler starters

The aim of this study was to examine the influence of wheat hardness and xylanase supplementation on the performance, energy utilisation, digestive tract development and digesta parameters of broilers fed wheat-based diets. The experimental design was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments evaluating wheat hardness (soft or hard) with or without xylanase supplementation. Two diets based on soft or hard wheat were formulated. Whole wheat (200 g/kg) from the same wheat batch replaced ground wheat before cold-pelleting of each diet. Each diet was fed ad libitum to six pens of eight male broilers each from day 1 to 21 posthatch. The distribution of particle size differed between diets, with the hard wheat diet having 32.7% of particles greater than 1 mm in size compared with 18.7% in the soft wheat diet. Interactions (P < 0.05) were observed between wheat hardness and enzyme supplementation for weight gain, feed intake, feed per gain and nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolisable energy (AMEn). Enzyme supplementation increased (P < 0.05) weight gain in the soft wheat-based diet but not in the hard wheat diet. Enzyme supplementation also increased (P < 0.05) feed intake in the soft wheat-based diet, but reduced (P < 0.05) intake in the hard wheat diet. Feed per gain and AMEn were improved (P < 0.05) by enzyme supplementation in the hard wheat-based diet, while no enzyme effect was observed in the soft wheat diet. Feeding the hard wheat-based diet increased (P < 0.05) the relative gizzard weight, and this was associated with a general increase in finer particles in the proximal intestinal digesta when compared with those present in the diet. These results suggest that the response of broilers to xylanase supplementation is influenced by wheat hardness and that wheat hardness may be an important criterion to consider when choosing for whole wheat inclusion in broiler diets.
The Tundra Food Web of Bylot Island in a Changing Climate and the Role of Exchanges between Ecosystems

Abstract: It is increasingly recognized that ecosystems are not closed systems and that exchanges of resources across ecosystem boundaries can have repercussions on food webs, especially in low productivity systems such as the terrestrial Arctic. However, because these exchanges can take multiple forms, assessing their significance in the functioning of the tundra food web is difficult. In this paper, we first review some important concepts related to resource exchanges between ecosystems and examine their relevance to the study of trophic interactions in the arctic tundra. An analysis of the Bylot Island food web in the Canadian Arctic using a mass-balance trophic model suggests that predators are the dominant force controlling this food web. However, an important feature of this ecosystem is that several top predators benefit from allochthonous inputs, either through the presence of migratory birds during the summer or the use of the marine environment as a foraging ground in winter. We also show that migratory birds may act as autochthonous resource exporters for lower trophic levels, for instance by removing nitrogen from the nutrient pool when young produced locally migrate south and die away from the system. Although these resource exchanges may be a general feature of several arctic terrestrial ecosystems, their importance in the functioning of the tundra food web remains to be determined. Through long-term monitoring, we found that primary production in wetlands of Bylot Island increased by 85% over a 20-y period, likely a consequence of the warming trend observed in the area. However, we have not detected any changes at higher trophic levels, which is consistent with a top-down control of this food web. Given the importance of resource exchanges between ecosystems in the dynamics of the tundra food web, a full investigation of the effects of climate change will require a broader cross-ecosystem perspective.
Mapping of quantitative trait loci and confirmation of the FAT1 region on chromosome 4 in an F2 population of pigs

The objective was to map QTL on porcine chromosome 4 and to associate them with carcass and internal organ traits in an F2 population. The F1 population was produced by outbreed crossing, using two native Brazilian breed Piau boars and 18 commercial sows. A total of 617 F2 animals issued from 11 F1 boars and 54 F1 sows were typed for a total of five microsatellite markers. The data were analyzed by multiple regressions developed for the analysis of crosses between outbred lines, using the QTL Express software. Significant evidence for QTL was found for pig chromosome 4 regarding carcass and internal organ traits. All QTL were detected in the same region of the chromosome, designated FAT1.
Exploring Soy-Derived Alternatives to Fish Meal: Using Soy Protein Concentrate and Soy Protein Isolate in Hybrid Striped Bass Feeds

Abstract Many protein sources, including soybean meal (SBM), have been investigated as alternatives to fish meal (FM) in aquaculture feeds. However, FM replacement in feeds for carnivorous fishes is limited by problems with feed intake, growth rate, and overall health associated with the reduced digestibility of SBM and the antinutritional factors (ANFs) it contains. Processing strategies can reduce the effects of ANFs and can improve protein utilization. We conducted two trials to examine the possibility of further FM replacement in SBM-maximized feeds for hybrid striped bass (white bass Morone chrysops × striped bass M. saxatilis) by using two refined soy products: soy protein concentrate (SPC) and soy protein isolate (SPI). Diets were formulated to maximize FM replacement, beginning with a basal diet containing 10% FM and 65% SBM. Further reductions in FM were made by using SPC or SPI to spare FM-derived protein. Refined soy protein-based feeds were evaluated in feeding trials with juvenile hybrid stri.
Ionic basis of high-pass filtering of small signals by the network of retinal rods in the toad

The electrical spread of excitation in the network of rods was studied by intracellular recording in the isolated perfused retina of the toad Bufo marinus. It was observed, as in the retina of the snapping turtle (Detwiler et al. 1980), that the peak of a response elicited by a dim, bar-shaped flash of light occurred earlier when the stimulus was laterally displaced from the impaled rod. Therefore the rod network behaved as a high-pass filter, an effect that could be produced by a time-varying voltage-dependent conductance in the rod membrane. Concentrations of Cs+ up to 10 mm, which blocked the relaxation from peak to plateau of the rod’s response to bright light, had no effect on the high pass filtering of small signals. Raising external K+ concentration from 2.6 to 10 mm abolished the high-pass filtering property of the rod network. It is concluded that at least two time-varying voltage-dependent conductances shape the rod photoresponse. One, which is blocked by Cs+, is responsible for the relaxation from peak to plateau of the rod’s response to bright light. The other is a time-varying voltage-dependent K+ conductance responsible for the high-pass filtering of small signals.
Studies on mercuric sulfide, a component of cinnabar, a Chinese herbal medicine, on celluar functions in mouse lung and fibroblasts

Although the cytotoxic effects of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) and methylmercury chloride (MeHg) have been extensively studied, the insoluble mercuric sulfide (HgS) has been the subject of fewer studies. Since the traditional Chinese mineral drug, cinnabar (containing >95% HgS) continues to be used as an ingredient for infant sedation, the pharmacological and toxicological effects of HgS need to be clarified. In previous experiments, HgS and cinnabar were shown to be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and distributed in various tissues including the lungs. Thus, a preliminarily examination of whether HgS might exert any oxidative stress on a mouse lung was undertaken. HgS reduced GSH content and increased lipid peroxidation in the lung. Further studies on the cytotoxic effects and the possible mechanisms of action of HgS were compared with HgCl2 and MeHg in cultured lung fibroblast V79 cells. The results showed that HgS produced cytotoxicity at a concentration (400–1200 µM)in a dependent manner with IC50 of 795.6 µM, as compared to HgCl2 and MeHg, 8.1 µM and 5.9 µM, respectively. In addition, the HgS induced the phenomena of DNA fragmentation, increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential, accompanied by decreased levels of intracellular ATP and GSH and higher lipid peroxidation levels, similar to HgCl2 and MeHg, but with different toxicokinetic properties. These findings provide evidence for understanding the mechanisms underlying the toxic effects of HgS.
Response of Leghorn Pullets to Protein and Energy in the Diet when Reared in Regular or Hot-Cyclic Environments

Abstract Four experiments were conducted to determine the growing pullet’s response to graded levels of dietary ME (2,650 to 3,150 kcal ME/kg) or CP (15 to 20% CP) when reared in conventional (constant 22 C) or hot-cyclic temperatures (22 to 32 C). Each diet was tested with six replicate groups of eight caged birds from 1 day to 140 days of age. Body weight and feed intake were monitored periodically. Increasing the energy concentration of the diet resulted in increased body weight, with this effect being most pronounced in the hot environment. At 140 days of age, birds fed diets providing 2,650 or 2,750 kcal ME/kg were smaller than birds fed diets providing 2,950 or more kcal ME/kg. Increasing the dietary energy concentration resulted in reduced feed intake and a general tendency to increase energy intake. In other experiments, increasing the dietary protein level had an initial effect of increasing body weights, although by 140 days of age, differential dietary protein levels of 15 to 20% had no effect on body weight. Increasing the protein level of the diet resulted in increased protein intake but had no effect on energy intake. It is concluded that given adequate protein intake, pullet growth is most responsive to energy intake. Pullet growth to 140 days of age will be maximized with cumulative nutrient intakes of 21 Mcal ME and 1,200 g CP. It appears that such intakes can be achieved with mean dietary specifications during rearing of 2,900 kcal ME/kg and 18% CP. However, with multidiet programs, as commonly used in the industry, it appears that pullet growth is initially most sensitive to dietary protein level, whereas energy intake becomes more critical as the bird approaches maturity.