Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reconfiguration for a Hexacopter Experiencing Single Rotor Failure

This study examines the operation of a classical hexacopter (with adjacent rotors spinning in opposite directions) in hover and forward flight after a single rotor failure. The simulation model used calculates aerodynamic forces (thrust, drag and side force) and moments (pitching and rolling moments, and torque) at the rotor hub using blade element theory coupled with a finite-state dynamic inflow model to capture the rotor induced velocities. Failure of various rotors is considered individually and an understanding is developed of how the aircraft trims post-failure in both vertex-first and edge-first orientations. The results show that the classical hexacopter trims in hover by turning off the rotor diametrically opposite the failed rotor, and equally speeding up the remaining four rotors for poweroptimal operation. The resulting power penalty is 22% relative to the fully operational hexacopter. In hover, the control sensitivity matrix, however, is rank-deficient, implying that independent control about different axes is not available (affecting its ability to hold position or compensate for disturbances). In cruise flight, the classical hexacopter can be trimmed if any of the forward facing rotors fail. The rotor diametrically opposite to the failed rotor is slowed down but, unlike hover, does not turn off. The power penalty, varying between 20-27%, increases as the position of the failed rotor moves from forward-most to a lateral location on the aircraft. Importantly, the control sensitivity matrix in cruise flight is full-rank, implying the aircraft is fully controllable in cruise. If a rotor aft of the pitch axis fails the hexacopter cannot be trimmed in cruise, owing to the inability to provide nose-down pitching moments while simultaneously satisfying equilibrium about the other axes. Thus, in the event of a forward rotor failure, the classical hexacopter could cruise back to base, momentarily hover into a landing, but not maintain a sustained hover. For an aft-rotor failure, the best solution would appear to be turning the aircraft around so that the failed rotor faces forward.
Edge-disjoint odd cycles in graphs with small chromatic number

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Blue sun reflected from water: optical lessons from observations of nature

Specular reflections of the sun from a wind-rippled water surface combine to form a glitter pattern. These reflections are expected to not alter the perceived color of the sun (or other light source), but when the light is reflected near the Brewster angle, the highly polarized glints can appear blue when observed through a polarizer or polarizing sun glasses. This blue appearance is a result of blue light leakage through a standard film polarizer oriented orthogonal to the plane of polarization of the reflected light. Measurements are shown of crossed-polarizer transmission spectra exhibiting blue and near infrared light leakage for photographic polarizing filters and polarized sunglasses. A variety of photographs are shown to confirm blue light leakage as the source of the blue glint color.
Stabilisation of discrete-time systems with finite-level uniform and logarithmic quantisers

This study deals with the stabilisation of discrete-time linear systems subject to static finite-level quantisation on the control inputs. Two kinds of quantisers are considered: uniform and logarithmic. The modelling of the finite-level quantisation is obtained by the application of deadzone and saturation maps to an infinite-level quantiser. From this model, conditions for the synthesis of state feedback control laws guaranteeing the convergence of the trajectories to an attractor around the origin provided that the initial state belongs to a certain admissible set are proposed. These conditions can thus be incorporated in linear matrix inequality-based optimisation schemes to compute the stabilising gain while minimising the size of the attractor.
Lateral vibration effects in atomic-scale friction

The influence of lateral vibrations on the stick-slip motion of a nanotip elastically pulled on a flat crystal surface is studied by atomic force microscopy measurements on a NaCl(001) surface in ultra-high vacuum. The slippage of the nanotip across the crystal lattice is anticipated at increasing driving amplitude, similarly to what is observed in presence of normal vibrations. This lowers the average friction force, as explained by the Prandtl-Tomlinson model with lateral vibrations superimposed at finite temperature. Nevertheless, the peak values of the lateral force, and the total energy losses, are expected to increase with the excitation amplitude, which may limit the practical relevance of this effect.
Passive Acoustic Monitoring for Estimating Animal Density

One of the most fundamental questions we can ask about a wildlife population is “How many are there? ” Estimates of population size, or a related quantity population density (i.e., animals per unit area), are crucial for effective management, whether the management goal is conservation of a threatened or endangered species, control of a pest species, or optimal harvest of a species used for food. Population estimates are used to prioritize species of conservation concern, to monitor the success of management programs, and to set limits on harvest or incidental bycatch. Although “how many? ” is a simple question to ask, it is often a hard one to answer, given that many populations are patchily distributed over very large areas and their lifestyle can make them quite cryptic to human observers. In this article, we introduce an emerging field with great potential—the estimation of wild animal population size and density using passive acoustics.
Saliency Detection in 360 ◦ Videos

This paper presents a novel spherical convolutional neural network based scheme for saliency detection for 360 ◦ videos. Speciﬁcally, in our spherical convolution neural network deﬁnition, kernel is deﬁned on a spherical crown, and the convolution involves the rotation of the kernel along the sphere. Considering that the 360 ◦ videos are usually stored with equirectangular panorama, we propose to implement the spherical convolution on panorama by stretching and rotating the kernel based on the location of patch to be convolved. Compared with existing spherical convolution, our deﬁnition has the parameter sharing property, which would greatly reduce the parameters to be learned. We further take the temporal coherence of the viewing process into consideration, and propose a sequential saliency detection by leveraging a spherical U-Net. To validate our approach, we construct a large-scale 360 ◦ videos saliency detection benchmark that consists of 104 360 ◦ videos viewed by 20+ human subjects. Comprehensive experiments validate the effectiveness of our spherical U-net for 360 ◦ video saliency detection.
Multi-Granularity Redundancy in Multi-Core SIMT

Die yields are decreasing. The structure of multi-core SIMT architectures makes them suitable for applying redundancy at multiple levels of granularity, e.g. , at the core-and lane-level. We observe that applications prefer SIMT architectures with diﬀerent kinds of sparing; redundancy can reduce cost by over 20% in some applications.
CrustalUplift in theSouthcentralAlaskaSubductionZone : A NewAnalysisandInterpretationof TideGaugeObservations

We have examined the sea level height tide records at seven tide gauge sites in the region of southcentral Alaska that were affected by the 1964 Prince William Sound earthquake to determine the history of crustal uplift subsequent to the earthquake. There is considerable variation in the behavior depending on the location of the site relative to the 1964 rupture. At Seward, on the eastern side of the Kenai Peninsula we find a slow uplift that is consistent with elastic strain accumulation while at Seldovia and Nikiski on the western side of the Kenai we find a persistent rapid uplift of about 1 cm/yr that most likely represents a long term transient response to the earthquake, but which cannot be sustained over the expected recurrence interval for a great earthquake of several hundred years. Further to the southwest, at Kodiak, we find evidence that the rate of uplift, which is still several mm/yr, has slowed significantly over the past three and a half decades. To the east of the Kenai Peninsula we find subsidence at Cordova and an uncertain behavior at Valdez. At both of these sites there is a mathematically significant time-dependence to the uplift behavior, but the data confirming this time dependence are not as convincing as at Kodiak. At Created March, 1999. Current version November 3,19992:20pm 2 Anchorage,to thenorth thereis little evidenceof verticalmotionsincetheearthquake. Wecomparetheselongtermtidegaugerecordsto recentGPSobservations. In generalthereisreasonable consistencyexceptat AnchorageandCordovawheretheGPSmeasurement indicatesomewhat morerapiduplift andsubsidence, respectively. Created Ma,'ch, 1999. Current version November 3, 1999 2:20 [_m 3
Increased Functionality of Optical Fibers for Life-Science Applications

An optical fiber containing longitudinal holes adjacent to the core has been used to detect and collect fluorescent particles from a solution. Excitation light was launched through the fiber and fluorescence signal was guided back to a detector system. As a proof of principle, green and red fluorescent polystyrene beads were detected and selectively collected from a water solution containing a mixture of red and green fluorescent beads.
See No Evil, Hear No Evil

Emerging multimedia communication apps are allowing for more natural communication and richer user engagement. At the same time, they can be abused to engage in cyberbullying, which can cause significant psychological harm to those affected. Thus, with the growth in multimodal communication platforms, there is an urgent need to devise multimodal methods for cyberbullying detection and prevention. However, there are no existing approaches that use automated audio and video analysis to complement textual analysis. Based on the analysis of a human-labeled cyberbullying data-set of Vine "media sessions' (six-second videos, with audio, and corresponding text comments), we report that: 1) multiple audio and visual features are significantly associated with the occurrence of cyberbullying, and 2) audio and video features complement textual features for more accurate and earlier cyberbullying detection. These results pave the way for more effective cyberbullying detection in emerging multimodal (audio, visual, virtual reality) social interaction spaces.
Incorporation of the quantum chemical package DivCon into the PHENIX suite

X-ray crystallography is the primarily technique used to reveal the three-dimensional structure of protein complexes that play a critical role in Structure Based Drug Design. Because of the low ratio of observed data to refi ned parameters, macromolecular crystallographic refi nement at moderate and low resolution relies heavily on the set of known amino acid geometric parameters that ensures the correct stereochemistry of the model. Available programs for macromolecular refi nement such as REFMAC, PHENIX or SHELX use simple harmonic oscillator functions to introduce stereochemistry restraints and commonly do not account for electrostatic interactions in the system. This approach inevitably masks important structural details that are often crucial to the understanding of ligand binding within the active site of the protein. To overcome these limitations and achieve a much more realistic description of the protein-ligand geometry, we replaced these stereochemistry restraints with the energy functional derived from quantum-mechanical (QM) treatment. This treatment has been demonstrated with the successful integration of the commercial DivCon ToolKit developed by QuantumBio with the popular Python-based crystallographic package PHENIX. DivCon employs semiempirical QM methods such as AM1, PM3 or PM6 and is based on the divide-and-conquer approach to evaluate the density matrix allowing linear-scaling of the QM problem. As a result, DivCon dramatically decreases the computation costs traditionally associated with QM-based methods, making the application of quantum chemistry for large protein systems feasible. We proposed a novel protocol to incorporate QM gradients and energy targets into individual (“XYZ”) coordinate refi nement step in PHENIX without altering the other refi nement stages such as the bulk solvent correction or temperature factor refi nement. Furthermore, a user has a choice to use DivCon methods either for the whole structure or a selected region a ligand and protein active site residues, for example. Based on fi ve test protein structures downloaded from Protein Data Bank (PDB) we report the detailed comparison of the conventional and QM driven refi nements. Our preliminary results indicate that incorporation of the QM function not only improves the local geometry but also reduce the R/Rfree factors. For example, the re-refi nement of a 17-residue short protein at 2 Å resolution (PDB ID 1S9Z) using the PHENIX/DivCon package indicates a number of signifi cant structural improvements as compared to the conventional PHENIX refi nement. Notably, PHENIX/DivCon compared to PHENIX alone improved the peptide bond geometry for the non-standard N terminus residue of that protein and the DivCon driven refi nement accurately represents the stereochemistry in this region. Furthermore, the QM approach results in more reasonable H-bond network throughout the protein molecule.
Shading atlas streaming

Streaming high quality rendering for virtual reality applications requires minimizing perceived latency. We introduce Shading Atlas Streaming (SAS), a novel object-space rendering framework suitable for streaming virtual reality content. SAS decouples server-side shading from client-side rendering, allowing the client to perform framerate upsampling and latency compensation autonomously for short periods of time. The shading information created by the server in object space is temporally coherent and can be efficiently compressed using standard MPEG encoding. Our results show that SAS compares favorably to previous methods for remote image-based rendering in terms of image quality and network bandwidth efficiency. SAS allows highly efficient parallel allocation in a virtualized-texture-like memory hierarchy, solving a common efficiency problem of object-space shading. With SAS, untethered virtual reality headsets can benefit from high quality rendering without paying in increased latency.
The Retentivity of Several Kinds of Chaos under Uniformly Conjugation

This paper is concerned with chaotic of maps on general metric spaces. It is proved that uniformly conjugation preserves AuslanderYorke’s chaoticity, dense chaoticity, dense δ-chaoticity, distributional chaoticity, and distributional chaoticity in a sequence. Mathematics Subject Classification: 54H20, 37C15
EFFECT OF WATER ABSORPTION, POROSITY AND SORPTIVITY ON DURABILITY OF GEOPOLYMER MORTARS

An experimental program was carried out to study the effect of water absorption, apparent porosity and sorptivity on durability of fly ash based geopolymer mortar specimens in sulphuric acid solution. Low calcium Class F fly ash was activated by a mixture of NaOH and Na2SiO3 containing 5% to 8% Na2O with water to fly ash ratio of 0.33. The durability of geopolymer mortar specimens was evaluated on the basis of reduction in compressive strength when exposed in 10% Sulphuric acid solution for 24 weeks. Specimens containing lesser alkali were found to possess higher apparent porosity, water absorption and water sorptivity. After 24 weeks in sulphuric acid solution, specimens still had substantial residual compressive strength ranging from 29.4% to 54.8%. Specimens with higher water absorption, porosity and water sorptivity lost more strength than those with lesser corresponding values. Results obtained in the experimental program indicate that porosity, sorptivity and water absorption of geopolymer mortar specimens influences the durability of geopolymer mortars in sulphuric acid.
Deep Survival Analysis: Nonparametrics and Missingness

Clinical care requires understanding the time to medical events. Medical events include the time to a disease like chronic kidney disease progressing or the time to a complication as in stroke for high blood pressure. Models for event times live in the framework provided by survival analysis. We expand on deep survival analysis (Ranganath et al., 2016a), a deep generative model for survival analysis in the presence of missing data, where the survival times are modeled using Weibull distributions. We develop methods to relax the distributional assumptions in deep survival analysis using survival distributions that can approximate any true survival function. We show that the model structure mimics the information-optimal procedure in the presence of missing data. Our experiments demonstrate that moving to flexible survival functions yields better likelihoods and concordances for coronary heart disease prediction from electronic health records.
Endotoxin, inflammation, and intestinal function in livestock

Endotoxin, also referred to as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), can stimulate localized or systemic inflammation via the activation of pattern recognition receptors. Additionally, endotoxin and inflammation can regulate intestinal epithelial function by altering integrity, nutrient transport, and utilization. The gastrointestinal tract is a large reservoir of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, of which the gram-negative bacteria serve as a source of endotoxin. Luminal endotoxin can enter circulation via two routes: 1) nonspecific paracellular transport through epithelial cell tight junctions, and 2) transcellular transport through lipid raft membrane domains involving receptor-mediated endocytosis. Paracellular transport of endotoxin occurs through dissociation of tight junction protein complexes resulting in reduced intestinal barrier integrity, which can be a result of enteric disease, inflammation, or environmental and metabolic stress. Transcellular transport, via specialized membrane regions rich in glycolipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol, and saturated fatty acids, is a result of raft recruitment of endotoxin-related signaling proteins leading to endotoxin signaling and endocytosis. Both transport routes and sensitivity to endotoxin may be altered by diet and environmental and metabolic stresses. Intestinal-derived endotoxin and inflammation result in suppressed appetite, activation of the immune system, and partitioning of energy and nutrients away from growth toward supporting the immune system requirements. In livestock, this leads to the suppression of growth, particularly suppression of lean tissue accretion. In this paper, we summarize the evidence that intestinal transport of endotoxin and the subsequent inflammation leads to decrease in the production performance of agricultural animals and we present an overview of endotoxin detoxification mechanisms in livestock.
Trim Analysis of a Classical Octocopter After Single-Rotor Failure

The performance of an octocopter with single rotor failure is examined in hover and forward flight conditions. The aircraft model uses blade element theory coupled with a finite-state dynamic inflow model to determine rotor aerodynamic forces (thrust, drag, and side-force) and moments (rolling moment, pitching moment, and torque). Failure of various rotors is considered in both flight conditions and an understanding is developed of how the aircraft trims post-failure in terms of multirotor controls defined for the aircraft. In hover, the baseline octocopter trims with all rotors operating at the same rotational speed. When a rotor fails, trim solutions exist that utilize the original reactionless controls of the aircraft to drive the commanded thrust of the failed rotor to zero. The combination of reactionless controls used varies depending on the position of the failed rotor. Post-failure, the primary and reactionless multirotor controls are redefined for each rotor in terms of the original multirotor controls. In forward flight, rotor failure is recovered in a similar manner to the hover case, with additional inputs required to compensate for the rotor hub moments and in-plane forces that were not present in hover. Overall, trim solutions exist for any single rotor failure in both hover and forward flight at 10 m/s. In hover, rotor failure requires an additional 10.7% increase in power to trim, in forward flight this penalty is found to range between 7.7 and 13% depending on the rotor that has failed.
Study of the Clinical Characteristics and Management of Indian Outpatients of Chronic Heart Failure with Coexistent Diabetes Versus those without Diabetes (HF-DIAB): Rationale and Design

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) is a significant and rising health burden in India. Diabetes mellitus is commonly prevalent in HF patients. However, data comparing the clinical characteristics and management of Indian HF patients with and without coexistent diabetes is lacking. Also, differences in HF management patterns between cardiologists and internists have not been systematically ascertained in India. This study is designed to address these gaps in knowledge. Methods and analysis: HF-DIAB is a prospective multicenter study that aims to obtain data on 2,500 Indian adult outpatients with chronic HF recruited from 250 outpatient clinics across India; half of the included subjects will have a history of coexistent diabetes. Data on the patient’s demographics, personal and medical history, signs and symptoms of HF, etiology and clinical presentation of HF, diagnostic tests performed, previous HF-related hospitalizations, drugs prescribed for HF/diabetes and other comorbidities will be collected. Independent sample t-test will be used to compare differences between diabetic and non-diabetic HF subjects for various clinical characteristics measured using clinical variables. Chi- square test will be used to find out the association between diabetics and non-diabetics with various risk factors and clinical characteristics measured using categorical data. Differences in HF treatment, as per the specialty of the treating doctor, will also be compared using Chi-square test. Ethics and dissemination: The study documents have been reviewed and approved by an independent ethics committee. Data-sharing consent will be obtained from each patient before enrollment in the study. The study results will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals. Trial registration number: Clinical Trials Registry: India [CTRI/2017/07/009069].