Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A joint approach to safety, security and resilience using the functional resonance analysis method

The protection of Offshore Wind Farms (OWF), a critical part of maritime infrastructure, faces new challenges due to the continually increasing share of renewable power generation (planned to reach 65% until 2030 in Germany). This is especially due to the large size of individual OWF (centralized generation units) and new threats such as climate change and their potential as targets for terrorism. It is no longer sufficient to simply optimize the performance of energy generation; the infrastructure also needs to be kept resilient when facing these new threats. To improve resilience, safety and security measures have to be taken into account and therefore safety, security and resilience (SSR) need to be addressed collectively. To this end, SSR goals are identified for a generic OWF by analyzing stakeholder needs and expectations. These goals include not only safe energy generation but also environmental protection, compliance with regulations, hazard defense and security. The SSR goals are classified and detailed in (i) who/what needs protection, (ii) hazards, and (iii) measures with available sensors. A common modeling tool in resilience research, the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) is employed to visualize and model interrelations/interactions between SSR goals. The feasibility to model SSR goals as functions and the respective expected variabilities with FRAM are also studied. Further, the possibility to identify critical paths in the FRAM model which allows the introduction of cascade effects is assessed. Critical SSR goals are identified that need further measures to increase the level of fulfillment and to keep the infrastructure protected.
Mechanism of the Inhibitory Effect of Antiinflammatory Baicalin on Airway Reconstruction in COPD Rats

The mechanism of baicalin in airway reconstruction in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was investigated. The chronic obstructive pulmonary disease models were established in rats through smoke inhalation and instilling lipopolysaccharide. The rats were then divided into the control group and the experimental group, a blank group was used as a reference point of the experiment. Rats in the experiment group received baicalin either at a high dose (80 mg/kg/d, H1) or at a low dose (25 mg/kg/d, H2) to analyze the airway reconstruction functions and antiinflammatory effects of baicalin. During the experiment, the general conditions of the rats were compared. After the experiment, lung tissues of the rats were obtained for Hematoxylin-Eosin staining, and the pathological changes were observed. In addition, the bronchial walls were measured and analyzed. Using immunohistochemical staining, the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ in rat lung tissues were analyzed and compared. Hematoxylin-Eosin staining of lung tissues showed that the rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease had severe pathological damages; compared to the blank group, while in rats treated with baicalin, bronchial obstruction, alveolar structure and inflammatory infiltration were improved, and the differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). After baicalin administration, the bronchial wall thickness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease rats was reduced, collagen deposition in the bronchial epithelium was improved, and airway smooth muscle proliferation was alleviated compared to the control group. Baicalin intervention at high dose decreased the expressions of TNF-α and IFN-γ in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease rats as well as the ratio of Th17/Treg in the lung tissues and improved the balance of the ratio of Th17/Treg. In addition, baicalin treatment reduced the positive cell count of RORγt in the lung tissues of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease rats, and all these differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). In summary, baicalin administration inhibited airway reconstruction of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease rats, and the mechanism of the antiinflammatory effect of baicalin appeared to be through the regulation of TNF-α and IFN-γ in lung tissues.
Selected Kinematic Characteristics Analysis of Knee and Ankle Joints During Block Jump Among Elite Junior Volleyball Players

Methods: Thirty male junior elite volleyball players (Mean±SD age: 18.14±1.12 y, height: 197.10±3.16 cm, sports history: 4.39±0.95 y, & weight: 771.20±59.83 N) participated in this study. A time-synchronized 5-camera sampling at 100 Hz was used to determine the Three Dimensional (3D) coordinates of markers. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, linear regression, and magnitude of coefficient were used in SPSS to analyze the obtained data (P<0.05).
Reconstructing The Nature of Inclusive School System in Primary School to- Strengthening Inclusive Society

This paper contains theoretical discussions about the nature of inclusive education and the implications needed in the practice of inclusive school systems, especially at the elementary school level. The formulation of the problem raised in this study is: What is the nature of the implementation of the inclusive education system in elementary schools? What are some examples of inclusive education practices so far? What is the relationship between inclusive education and value education in schools? How can inclusive education strengthen inclusive communities? What are the implications of implementing the inclusive education system in elementary schools? The five questions will be answered by a discussion approach on various theories that have been raised by many experts and by looking at the practices of inclusive education in several developing countries and developing countries. This research used literature review methods. The findings in this study are that inclusive education will be realized in an inclusive community environment that holds fast to the values of mutual acceptance, mutual respect, and mutual love for one another. In other words, inclusive education means preparing all members of the inclusive community in schools for inclusive communities.
REVIEWS IN BASIC AND CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most aggressive squamous cell carcinomas and is highly prevalent in Asia. Alcohol and its metabolite, acetaldehyde, are considered definite carcinogens for the esophagus. Polymorphisms in the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene, which encodes an enzyme that eliminates acetaldehyde, have been associated with esophageal carcinogenesis. Studies of the mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of acetaldehyde support this observation. Several recent largescale comprehensive analyses of the genomic alterations in ESCC have shown a high frequency of mutations in genes such as TP53 and others that regulate the cell cycle or cell differentiation. Moreover, whole genome and whole exome sequencing studies have frequently detected somatic mutations, such as G:C/A:T transitions or G:C/C:G transversions, in ESCC tissues. Genomic instability, caused by abnormalities in the Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway, is also considered a pathogenic mechanism of ESCC. Advances in diagnostic techniques such as magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging or positron emission tomography have increased the accuracy of diagnosis of ESCC. Updated guidelines from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network standardize the practice for the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer. Patients with ESCC are treated endoscopically or with surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy, based on tumor stage. Minimally invasive treatments help improve the quality of life of patients who undergo such treatments. We review recent developments in the diagnosis and treatment of ESCC and advances gained from basic and clinical research.
Determining the Hosting Capacity of Solar Photovoltaic in a Radial Distribution Network Using an Analytical Approach

Integrating high photovoltaic (PV) on distribution grid system has a positive impact by significantly reducing the losses and improving the voltage profile at the same time reducing the pollution of the environment However, integrating high proportions of PV in the distribution grid can bring the grid to its operational limits and result in power quality issues. The maximum PV capacity that can be integrated without incurring any grid impacts is referred to as the PV hosting capacity of the grid. This paper intends to evaluate the hosting capacity of solar PV in Dodhara-Chandani (DoC) distribution feeder as one of the feeder of Integrated Nepal Power System (INPS), considering grid parameters and operating condition in Nepal. Three main criteria were investigated for determining the hosting capacity of PV; reverse power flow, maximum voltage deviation of feeder and current carrying limit of conductor. The analysis has been performed by means of static load-flow simulation in Electrical Transient & Analysis Program (ETAP) and coding in MATLAB R2017a. The study shows that PV of rated capacity 687kWp can be installed at a point of interconnection (POI) whereas an optimal placement of solar PV is found to be at 18th node (in between starting and end of the feeder) considering minimum system losses. The minimum voltage profile at end of the feeder has improved by 8 % while the active power loss reduction of network has reduced by 83.6 % after the integration of solar PV. The results indicate voltage at different buses and the ampacity of most of the conductors have been improved after the integration of PV system into DoC feeder.
Pain management in hospitalized patients with long term opioid use

This study aims to provide a discussion on pain management challenges in opium addict patients. Pain and addiction are complicated with each other, and their managing requires more clinical consideration. The number of opioid abusers has grown rapidly through the Iranian population, and it seems that opium is the drug of choice in addicted patients. Due to illegal sources of procurement, the purity of substances is suspicious, and it makes pain management more challenging in the field of medication choosing. Although hospitalized patients should receive their daily opioid dose in morphine equivalent, there is no equal value for such substances using in Iran. This concern is not limited to the selection of the treatment, but withdrawal symptoms, relapse causes, drug interactions, and comorbidities are also essential and various in patients. Therefore, pain control should individually be started and proceed based on each one's response. As most guideline recommendations from which the Consensus Statement was derived were based on expert opinion alone, this review identified key issues for evidence-based practice in this area.
Performance Analysis of High-k Dielectric Based Silicon Nanowire Gate-All-Around Tunneling FET

The Tunnel Field Effect Transistors (TFETs) are used as a promising candidate in low power applications at the nanometer scale primarily because the conventional Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) approaches the physical and thermal limits. In this research work, a TFET device with cylindrical gate-allaround structure (Si-nanowire as channel and HfO2 as a high-k dielectric gate oxide) has been designed and simulated for the analyzing short channel effects. First, the effect of variation in channel lengths (100 nm to 180 nm) of the TFET is analyzed. Further, the gate oxide thickness variations in the ranging 3 nm to 6.5 nm at different channel length are presented. As a result, the device displays Drain Induced Barrier Lowering (DIBL) as low as of 7.1 mV/V to 10.26 mV/V, low Subthreshold Swing (SS) in the range of 19.91 mV/decade to 34.36 mV/decade and a reasonable current ratio (ION/IOFF) in the ranges of 2.9×10 6 to 7.8×10 which suggest the usability of the device in ultra-low power switching applications. 
STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION DESIGN OF WIND TURBINE TOWER USING GAME THEORY

The objective of this paper is to present a Structural Optimization technique based on Game Theory for the design of the Wind Turbine Tower. In order to surpass the limits of the classic optimization problem, the Maximization of Minimum Utility Method is introduced. According to this method, the discrete problem of structural optimization is simulated as a game, played by the defending player, who defends the structure, managing the stiffness of the materials and cross sections at hand, and the attacking player, who decides upon the way to attack the structure, by choosing among some predefined load combinations, usually described by code regulations. The optimization algorithm is based on statically imposed loading, while the structure is analyzed using Finite Element Method.
Combination of Intravitreal Bevacizumab and Topical Dorzolamide versus Intravitreal Bevacizumab Alone for Diabetic Macular Edema: A Randomized Contralateral Clinical Trial

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of three intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injections versus the same combined with 2% of topical dorzolamide in the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods In this randomized double-masked clinical trial, 32 eyes of 16 treatment-naive patients with bilateral DME were enrolled. The eyes were randomly assigned to receive three monthly injections of IVB (1.25 mg) plus topical dorzolamide 2% twice daily or IVB (1.25 mg) plus topical artificial tear twice daily. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was the primary outcome of the study followed by the central macular thickness (CMT) and central macular volume (CMV) as the secondary outcomes. Results Mean BCVA changes were insignificant in both groups. It changed from 0.21 ± 0.08 logMAR at baseline to 0.23 ± 0.09 (P=0.24) in the combination group and from 0.18 ± 0.09 logMAR to 0.21 ± 0.09 (P=0.11) in the IVB alone group, at 3 months, respectively. Changes in mean CMT and CMV were significant in both groups. However, the difference between the groups was not significant at all the visits. In the study, no major ocular complication or systemic side effects were noted regarding IVB or topical dorzolamide. Conclusion This randomized contralateral clinical trial demonstrated that adjuvant topical dorzolamide with IVB injection had no additional effects on IVB in the treatment of DME over a three-month course. This trial is registered with the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials under the registration code IRCT20131229015975N5.
ECONOMETRIC TEST OF RICARDIAN EQUIVALENCE HYPOTHESIS: RESULTS FOR NIGERIA

The paper examines the validity of the Ricardian Equivalence Hypothesis using Nigeria data from period 1980 – 2010. The data used in the model were stationary at level except wealth variable that is stationary at first difference. The estimated model shows that income and wealth have the theoretically expected positive value. The other variables were positive and significant contrary to the proposition that they be either zero or negative for the pure Ricardian Hypothesis to hold. The implication of the findings shows that Nigerians will respond positively to change in government policy such as a change in debt interest rate and fiscal deficit. It also means that Nigerians are not neutral to changes in government policy. Government can therefore use fiscal policy to change the aggregate demand of the citizens.
Fusing Fuzzy Monotonic Decision Trees

Ordinal classification is an important classification task, in which there exists a monotonic constraint between features and the decision class. In this article, we aim to develop a method of fusing ordinal decision trees with fuzzy rough-set-based attribute reduction. Most of the existing attribute reduction methods for ordinal decision tables are based on the dominance rough set theory or significance measures. However, the crisp dominance relation is difficult in making full use of the information of attribute values; and the reducts based on significance measures are poor in interpretability and may contain unnecessary attributes. In this article, we first define a discernibility matrix with fuzzy dominance rough set. With this discernibility matrix, multiple reducts can be found, which provide multiple complementary feature subspaces with original information. Then, diverse ordinal trees can be established from these feature subspaces, and finally, the trees are fused by majority voting. The experimental results show that the proposed fusion method performs significantly better than other fusion methods using dominance rough set or significance measures.
Interactive comment on “Medicane Zorbas: Origin and impact of an uncertain potential vorticity streamer” by Raphael Portmann et al

Medicanes. Although there is no general consensus, in most of the literature (e.g., Miglietta et al., 2011; Picornell et al., 2014; Cavicchia et al., 2014), a Medicane is considered as an extra-tropical cyclone that acquires a symmetric, deep warm core in the Mediterranean region. At the same time, the presence of a deep, warm core is not always an indication of tropical-like processes going on: as discussed in Fita and Flounas (2018) and Mazza et al. (2017), a deep warm core is not necessarily associated with a WISHE mechanism, but it can also be induced by a warm seclusion. However, Miglietta and Rotunno (2019) have shown that the intensification of the same cyclones discussed in the latter two papers cannot be explained without considering the sea surface fluxes and the latent heat release, in analogy with the WISHE mechanism typical of tropical cyclones. For these reasons, I suggest to remove “occasionally” (Line 27) and the sentence “Warm seclusion have been previously linked to Medicane formation” (Lines 155-156). Also, at Line 317 and 321 you “investigate potential precursors of a low-level warm core”: however, the low-level warm core is not relevant for the following development of the cyclone in itself (see also Line 365, 396), but because of the high values of equivalent potential temperature that are responsible for potential instability and favor the development of convection at later times. Figure 10: I found the understanding and interpretation of Figure 10 quite difficult; in particular, I did not understand if the backtrajectories you show are averages over all the ensemble members, since this is not mentioned in the Figure caption and not clearly reported in the text (Line 334); also, the presence of high percentages far from the plotted trajectories (purple shading) is counterintuitive; Line 350-355: for a more comprehensive analysis of the trajectories in Fig. 10, some information should be included about the change of height along them;
Specific features of the development of Rhopalosiphum padi in connection with migration and transfer of the viral infection to host and non-host plants using potato as an example

Abstract. Gandarabur ES, Vereshchagina AB. 2019. Specific features of the development of the bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) in connection with migration and transfer of the viral infection to host and non-host plants using potato as an example. Biodiversitas 20: 3439-3447. Using Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), which lives in the North-West of the Russian Federation, as an example, the long-term data on the timing of its spring migration from bird cherry to herbaceous plants are summarized and their analysis, related to the wing formation in aphid colonies and the accompanying weather conditions, is given. It was found out, those peculiarities of behavior of spring emigrants of Rh. padi during the host selection depend on the motivation for a long-distance flight, include repeated take-off and testing and may be accompanied by visits to the non-host plants during 4 days. Migration and settling behavior of aphids underlie their ability to transfer non-persistent viruses to host and non-host plants. The obtained data allow adjusting the methods of plant protection including the viral infection.
University of Birmingham Overnight interbank markets and the determination of the interbank rate

Overnight interbank markets provide critical facilities for the banking system to manage, pool and redistribute its cash reserves. We provide a selective survey of the literature on overnight interbank markets. We outline the typical structure of overnight markets, including the networking relationships involved, as an indispensable prerequisite for a clear understanding of the workings of these markets. We review the theoretical and empirical studies on the determination of the overnight rate, and in that context discuss the implications of the 2007-08 financial crisis. We summarise key issues for further research. * This research is based partly on work funded by the Kenyan Ministry of Finance and the Central Bank of Kenya under contract Kenya/SPN/FS/CBK/05/2010-11. We thank the Ministry and the Central Bank for their extensive discussions and help in the course of the research. However, the interpretations and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely our own and should not be attributed in any manner to the Kenyan Ministry of Finance or the Central Bank of Kenya. For very helpful comments on an earlier draft of the paper, we also thank, without implication, the referees and editors of this journal and participants at: the 2015 Econometric Society Africa Region Training Workshop in Lusaka; the European Financial Management Association 2015 Annual Meetings in Amsterdam; the 80th International Economics Association Conference in Boston; and staff seminars at the School of Economics, Makerere University, and the Argyros School of Economics and Business, Chapman University. AC C EP TE D M AN U SC R IP T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
The effects of a parasitoid wasp of a gall-making insect on host plant characteristics and the abundance of sharing host-plant herbivore

Triyogo A, Yasuda H. 2019. The effects of a parasitoid wasp of a gall-making insect on host plant characteristics and the abundance of sharing host-plant herbivore. Biodiversitas 20: 3499-3507. The present study has evaluated the indirect, top-down effects of a parasitoid wasp, Torymus beneficus Yasumatsu et Kamijo (Hymenoptera: Torymidae), of a gall-maker, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), on the characteristics of the chestnut tree, Castanea crenata Siebold & Zucc. (Fagales: Fagaceae), and the implications for other herbivores, the aphid, Myzocallis kuricola (Matsumura) (Homoptera: Aphididae). sharing the same host plant. In a field experiment, the behavior of D. kuriphilus larvae on chestnut tree was influenced by the T. beneficus as indicated by a small increment of gall volume. However, parasitism did not affect certain other leaf characteristics that were induced by the gall wasp. Here we show that the characteristics of chestnut tree induced by the gall-making wasp affected M. kuricola that subsequently attacked the chestnut tree. However, the hypothesis that top-down effects by natural enemies may affect other herbivores on chestnut tree through its influence on gall-making wasp was not supported in this study. This study shows that parasitism of a gallmaker does not affect the other herbivore sharing the same host plant. Furthermore, the top-down effects of the parasitoid's behavior on plants may have different effects on sharing host herbivores that attack galled plants.