Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Canine Lymphoma: Immunocytochemical Analysis of Fine-needle Aspiration Biopsy

Cytospin preparations of fine-needle aspirates from 21 dogs with peripheral lymphadenopathy (18 with lymphoma and three with lymph node hyperplasia) were studied by combining morphologic and immunocytochemical analysis. Fine-needle aspirates were taken from at least two enlarged lymph nodes, and the diagnosis was based on air-dried smears stained with May-Grünwald Giemsa. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy always provided an adequate quality and quantity of cells to perform morphologic and immunologic studies. Immunophenotyping was performed on cytospin preparations with a panel of eight monoclonal antibodies specific for canine cell surface antigens and one rabbit polyclonal antibody (A452) against human CD3, which cross-reacts with dog antigen. The immunocytochemical study resulted in the diagnosis of 14 B-cell lymphomas (CD21 +, CD3-) and three T-cell lymphomas (all CD3 +, two CD8+). One lymphoma lacked surface antigens specific for the B- or T-cell lineage and was classified as non-B-non-T lymphoma (CD21-, CD3-, CD4-, CD8-). The monoclonal antibodies CA12.10C12, CA4.1D3, and CA1D6 and the polyclonal antibody A452, used as a group, appeared to be the most useful reagents to suggest lymphoid origin and to discriminate between T- and B-cell phenotype. Cytospin preparations in combination with immunocytochemistry provided a practical, economical, and accurate method for the diagnosis and phenotyping of canine lymphoma.
Hypoelliptic diffusions: discretization, filtering and inference from complete and partial observations

The statistical problem of parameter estimation in partially observed hypoelliptic diffusion processes is naturally occurring in many applications. However, due to the noise structure, where the noise components of the different coordinates of the multi-dimensional process operate on different time scales, standard inference tools are ill conditioned. In this paper, we propose to use a higher order scheme to discretize the process and approximate the likelihood, such that the different time scales are appropriately accounted for. We show consistency and asymptotic normality with non-typical convergence rates. When only partial observations are available, we embed the approximation into a filtering algorithm for the unobserved coordinates, and use this as a building block in a Stochastic Approximation Expectation Maximization algorithm. We illustrate on simulated data from three models; the Harmonic Oscillator, the FitzHugh-Nagumo model used to model the membrane potential evolution in neuroscience, and the Synaptic Inhibition and Excitation model used for determination of neuronal synaptic input.
Dynamics of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Secretion in the Cycling Ewe

Summary Three out of four cycling ewes followed for two full cycles showed a marked increase in radioimmunoassayable circulating LH levels shortly after the onset of estrus; although samples were taken every 8 hr, only one sample showed the increase in each cycle. The same four ewes were used to determine the half-life and distribution volume of exogenous ovine LH; an average half-life of 28 min and an uncorrected distribution volume of 9.14% of body weight were found. The results have been interpreted as indicating that almost all the LH was released from the pituitary in a surge lasting not more than 3 hr, and that the normal cycling ewe pituitary synthesizes approximately 0.5 mg of NIH-LH-S1 equivalent per day.
Infection kinetics and host specificity of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in pigs

In this study, we investigated the colonisation kinetics and host specificity of three different clonal lines of MRSA (ST8, ST9 and ST398). MRSA prevalence on skin, nasal mucosa, conjunctiva, feacal shedding and distribution patterns of MRSA in internal organs in weaning piglets are studied.
Complete Sequence of an IncN Plasmid, pIMP-HZ1, Carrying blaIMP-4 in a Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain Associated with Medical Travel to China

In China, IMP-4 is a major plasmid-mediated carbapenemase among multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, but little is known about the plasmid scaffolds involved in the dissemination of blaIMP-4 (1, 2). In 2010, we identified a Klebsiella pneumoniae CRE1 strain carrying blaIMP-4 from the penile swab of a 49-yearold man who was repatriated from Huizhou, China, where he had been hospitalized for intracranial hemorrhage. The isolate was resistant to all -lactams, including imipenem, ertapenem, and meropenem, and multiple non-lactam antibiotics (chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, nitrofurantoin) (3). Combined disc testing (4) showed that carbapenem resistance can be reversed by EDTA but not boronic acid. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) (5) identified CRE1 as sequence type (ST) 11, which is a major lineage associated with blaKPC dissemination in China (6). Conjugation was carried out in filters with Escherichia coli J53 as the recipient and transconjugants selected with sodium azide (100 g/ml) and meropenem (1 g/ml) (7). The blaIMP-4-carrying plasmid was able to be transferred at a frequency of 1.2 10 4 per donor cell. Plasmid DNA from the transconjugant was extracted, amplified, and sequenced using a GS-FLX system (Roche, Mannheim, Germany) as described previously (7). The assembled plasmid pIMP-HZ1 has 50,775 bp (GenBank accession no. JX457479). pIMP-HN1 has a plasmid scaffold typical for the IncN plasmids in general (8, 9). The backbone regions shared by pIMP-HZ1 and the reference IncN plasmid R46 include the replicon repA, the mucAmucB genes (encoding UV protection), the stbABC operon (for plasmid stability), the ardA-ardB and ardK-ardR genes (with antirestriction function), the ccg genes (ccgEIII-ccgD-ccgC-ccgAIccgAII, providing protection from the type I restriction system), and the two transfer gene clusters (locus tra1 and locus tra2, en-
ROCK‐I and ROCK‐II cooperatively regulate closure of eyelid and ventral body wall in mouse embryo

Rho‐associated kinase (ROCK) is a serine/threonine kinase working in the Rho signaling to actin cytoskeleton. We previously reported that loss of ROCK‐I results in the eyelid open at birth (EOB) and omphalocele phenotype in mice, while loss of ROCK‐II results in placental dysfunction leading to intrauterine growth retardation and fetal death. Here, we report that after backcross to the C57BL/6 N genetic background, ROCK‐II knockout (KO) neonates are born also with open eyelid and umbilical hernia, a phenotype similar to that of ROCK‐I KO mice. ROCK‐II KO embryos show impaired extension of the eyelid epithelial sheet with disorganized actin bundles in the leading edge of the sheet. These results suggest that ROCK‐I and ROCK‐II cooperatively regulates the assembly of actin bundles essential for closure of the eyelid and ventral body wall in mouse embryos. Consistently, ROCK‐I+/–ROCK‐II+/– double heterozygous mice also show the EOB and omphalocele phenotype.
COMMENT ON DEL NEGRO, SCHORFHEIDE, SMETS AND WOUTERS COMMENT ON DEL NEGRO, SCHORFHEIDE, SMETS AND WOUTERS

This paper sets out to blend the advantages of VAR models, which forecast well, with those of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models, which have fewer free parameters, allow prior information to be brought to bear more directly, and can be used for counterfactual policy simulations. They do this by modeling the data as a VAR — that is, without the tight parametric restrictions implied by a DSGE — but using a DSGE, and prior beliefs about the parameters of the DSGE, to generate a prior distribution for the parameters of the VAR. This approach was originated by Del Negro and Schorfheide, though it had precedents in earlier work they cite. The most widely used priors for VAR’s (with a prior, a VAR becomes a BVAR, or Bayesian VAR) are variants on the Minnesota prior. The details of that prior we need not trace out here. What is important about it is that it expresses beliefs only about the lengths of lags and degrees of persistence implied by the model; it treats all variables symmetrically and therefore incorporates no behavioral interpretations of parameters or equations. Macroeconomists have views, though, on how variables are related and how their properties differ. These views are most easily expressed as views about behavioral parameters in DSGE models. So the Del Negro Schorfheide approach is appealing.
Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of clodronate in patients with primary operable breast cancer.

PURPOSE The development of bone metastases depends on tumor-induced osteoclastic resorption of bone, which may be inhibited by the antiosteolytic bisphosphonate clodronate. Given to patients with primary breast cancer, clodronate might reduce the subsequent incidence of bone metastases. PATIENTS AND METHODS This double-blind, multicenter trial accrued 1,069 assessable patients with operable breast cancer between 1989 and 1995. All patients received surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and tamoxifen as required. Patients were randomized to receive oral clodronate 1,600 mg/d or a placebo for 2 years starting within 6 months of primary treatment. The primary end point was relapse in bone, analyzed on an intent-to-treat basis, during the medication period and during the total follow-up period (median follow-up, 2,007 days). Secondary end points were relapse in other sites, mortality, and toxicity. RESULTS During the total follow-up period, there was a nonsignificant reduction in occurrence of bone metastases (clodronate, n = 63; placebo, n = 80; hazards ratio [HR], 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56 to 1.08; P =.127). During the medication period there was a significant reduction in the occurrence of bone metastases (clodronate, n = 12; placebo, n = 28; HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.86; P =.016). The occurrence of nonosseous metastases was similar (clodronate, n = 112; placebo, n = 128; P =.257), but there was a significant reduction in mortality (clodronate, n = 98; placebo, n = 129; P =.047) during the total follow-up period. CONCLUSION Clodronate, given to patients with primary operable breast cancer, may reduce the occurrence of bone metastases, although this reduction was only significant during this medication period. There was a significant reduction in mortality.
A Scoping Study for High-Field-Side Launch of Lower Hybrid Waves on ADX MIT

Launching lower hybrid (LH) waves from the high field side (HFS) of a tokamak offers significant advantages over low-field-side (LFS) launch with respect to both wave physics and plasma material interactions (PM! s). The higher magnetic field opens the window between wave accessibility and the condition for strong electron Landau damping, allowing LH waves from the HFS to penetrate into the core of burning plasma, while waves launched from the LFS are restricted to the periphery of the plasma. The lower parallel refractive index (n||) of the waves launched from the HFS yields a higher current drive efficiency as well. The absence of turbulent heat and particle fluxes on the HFS, particularly in double null configuration, makes it the ideal location to minimize PM! damage to the antenna structure. The quiescent scrape off layer (SOL) also eliminates the need to couple LH waves across a long distance to the separatrix, as the antenna can be located close to plasma without risking damage to the structure. The Advanced Divertor eXperiment (ADX) will include an LH launcher located on the HFS. The LH system for ADX will make use of the existing infrastructure from Alcator C-Mod, including sixteen 250-kW klystrons at 4.6 GHz (total source power of 4 MW), high-voltage power supply, and controls. The ADX vacuum vessel design includes dedicated space for waveguide runs, pressure windows, and vacuum feedthroughs for accessing the HFS wall. Compact antenna designs based on proven technologies (e.g., multijunction and four-way splitter antennas) fit within the available space on the HFS of the ADX. Wave coupling simulations of these launchers with HFS SOL density profiles showing good coupling can be obtained by adjusting the distance between the separatrix and the HFS wall. Guard limiters on each side of the LH antenna protect the structure during ramp-up, ramp-down, and off-normal events.
Survey in Textual Entailment Swapnil Ghuge

Variability of semantic expression is a fundamental phenomenon of a natural language where same meaning can be expressed by different texts. Natural Language Processing applications like Question Answering, Summarization, Information Retrieval systems etc. often demand a generic framework to capture major semantic inferences in order to deal with the challenges created by this phenomenon. Textual Entailment can provide such framework. Textual Entailment can be defined as the phenomenon of inferring a text from another. Entailment is a directional relation between two texts. This relation holds when the truth of one text fragment follows from the truth of the other. Conventionally, the entailing fragment is called as text and entailed one is called as hypothesis. Textual entailment is classically defined as:
Role of T cells, cytokines and antibody in dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever

Dengue infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the tropical and sub‐tropical regions of the world. There is no vaccine for dengue and also there are no anti‐viral drugs to treat the infection. Some patients, typically those experiencing a secondary infection with a different dengue serotype, may progress from an acute febrile disease to the more severe forms of disease, dengue haemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Here we discuss the significant immunopathological component to severe disease and how T cells, cytokines and cross‐reactive antibody combine to contribute to the progression to dengue haemorrhagic fever. These events are thought to lead to vascular leakage, the signature event in dengue haemorrhagic fever, and are addressed in this review by incorporating the concept of heterologous T cell immunity. The need for effective measures against dengue and dengue‐related illness is clear. We propose that drugs against dengue virus, or the symptoms of severe dengue disease, are a viable goal. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strain-induced crystallization and mechanical properties of functionalized graphene sheet-filled natural rubber

The effects of functionalized graphene sheets (FGSs) on the mechanical properties and strain-induced crystallization of natural rubber (NR) are investigated. FGSs are predominantly single sheets of graphene with a lateral size of several hundreds of nanometers and a thickness of 1.5 nm. The effect of FGS and that of carbon black (CB) on the strain-induced crystallization of NR is compared by coupled tensile tests and X-ray diffraction experiments. Synchrotron X-ray scattering enables simultaneous measurements of stress and crystallization of NR in real time during sample stretching. The onset of crystallization occurs at significantly lower strains for FGS-filled NR samples compared with CB-filled NR, even at low loadings. Neat-NR exhibits strain-induced crystallization around a strain of 2.25, while incorporation of 1 and 4 wt % FGS shifts the crystallization to strains of 1.25 and 0.75, respectively. In contrast, loadings of 16 wt % CB do not significantly shift the critical strain for crystallization. Two-dimensional (2D) wide angle X-ray scattering patterns show minor polymer chain alignment during stretching, in accord with previous results for NR. Small angle X-ray scattering shows that FGS is aligned in the stretching direction, whereas CB does not show alignment or anisotropy. The mechanical properties of filled NRmore » samples are investigated using cyclic tensile and dynamic mechanical measurements above and below the glass transition of NR. « less
Clustered Multitask Feature Learning for Attribute Prediction Anonymous CVPR submission

Semantic attributes have been proposed to bridge the semantic gap between low-level feature representation and high-level semantic understanding of visual objects. Obtaining a good representation of semantic attributes usually requires learning from high-dimensional low-level features, which often suffers from the curse of dimensionality. Designing a good feature-selection approach would benefit attribute prediction and in turn its related applications. Since semantic attributes of an object are usually “related”, in the literature multi-task learning has been introduced for multi-attribute prediction, either by assuming that all attributes are somehow correlated or by manually dividing attributes into related groups. However, the performance of such approaches greatly rely on the task structure. The prediction performance would degrade if the assumed task structure does not match to that of the problem. Desired is an approach that can automatically detect problem-specific clustering structures of the attributes. In this paper, we propose a novel clustered multi-task feature selection approach utilizing K-means and group sparsity regularizers, and develop an efficient alternating optimization algorithm. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach can automatically capture the task structure and hence result in obvious performance gain in attribute prediction, when compared with existing state-of-the-art approaches.
Does Playing Violent Video Games Induce Aggression? Empirical Evidence of a Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

This study aims to advance the media effects debate concerning violent video games. Meta-analytic reviews reveal a small but noticeable association between playing violent video games and aggressive reactions. However, evidence for causal associations is still rare. In a novel, event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study, 13 male research participants were observed playing a latest-generation violent video game. Each participant's game play was recorded and content analyzed on a frame-by-frame basis. Onscreen activities were coded as either "passive/dead, no interactions"; "active/safe, no imminent danger/no violent interactions"; "active/potential danger occurs, violent interactions expected"; "active/under attack, some violent interactions"; and "active/fighting and killing, many violent interactions. " Previous studies in neuroscience on aggressive thoughts and behaviors suggested that virtual violence would suppress affective areas of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the amygdala subsequent to activity variations at cognitive areas of the ACC. Comparison of game play activities with and without virtual violence in 11 participants confirmed the hypothesis. The rather large observed effects can be considered as caused by the virtual violence. We discuss the applicability of neuroscience methodology in media effects studies, with a special emphasis on the assumption of virtuality prevalent in video game play.
Multidimensional report analysis in urban incident management

In urban incidents and crises, accurate and timely information can be crucial to manage critical situations. The exponential growth of crowd sourced data has given means to access vast amounts of information on a real-time basis. However, this has complicated the task of analyzing ongoing events as the effort needed to filter relevant from irrelevant information has exponentially grown. This paper proposes a multidimensional analysis method of processing high influx of crowd sourced incident reports and creating processable pieces of information by filtering what's irrelevant and clustering what belongs together in a highly efficient way. Spatial, temporal, and semantic dimensions of an incident report constitute a basis which is taken advantage of in this work to ease the tasks which are undertaken manually in operation centers and alike.
Metabolic profiles of corydaline in rats by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Abstract 1. Corydaline, an isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from the rhizomes of Corydalis yanhusuo, exhibits anti-acetylcholinesterase, anti-angiogenic, anti-allergic and gastric-emptying activities. In this study, a rapid and reliable ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS) method was developed and employed for the comprehensive study of the metabolites of corydaline in rats. 2. Altogether, 43 metabolites were identified in the plasma (11), bile (9), urine (34) and feces (21) of rats after oral administration of corydaline at a dose of 4.5mg/kg. 3. It was demonstrated that demethylation, hydroxylation, sulfation and glucuronidation were the major metabolic transformation pathways. Among these, two metabolites were identified as tetrahydropalmatine and isocorybulbine, and 33 phase I and phase II products were inferred to be new metabolites arising from the in vivo metabolism of corydaline. 4. Importantly, this research provides scientific and reliable support for full understanding of the metabolic profiles of corydaline and the results could help to elucidate its safety and efficacy.
Body activity recognition using wearable sensors

Efficient recognition of human body activities is of great significance in many fields. With the development of wearable sensor technology, wearable sensors are playing a more and more important role in recognizing human body activities. How to accurately and quickly recognize human body activities while saving computing resource is a major challenge to be addressed. Utilizing data sampled from wearable sensors, this paper solves the human body activity recognition problem from perspectives of both machine learning and compressed sensing. Specifically, three different machine learning algorithms, artificial neural network, support vector machine and hidden Markov model, and one compressed sensing involved algorithm, sparse representation classification method based on random projections, are used to recognize human body activities, respectively. Meanwhile, various numerical experiments based on a real-world dataset collected using wearable sensors are conducted to validate the effectiveness of these algorithms. Numerical results demonstrate that all of the four algorithms achieve satisfactory recognition performance and the sparse representation classification method based on random projections outperforms the other three machine learning algorithms.
The potential of cord blood stem cells for use in regenerative medicine

It is estimated that up to 128 million individuals might benefit from regenerative medicine therapy, or almost 1 in 3 individuals in the US. If accurate, the need to relieve suffering and reduce healthcare costs is an enormous motivator to rapidly bring stem cell therapies to the clinic. Unfortunately, embryonic stem (ES) cell therapies are limited at present by ethical and political constraints and, most importantly, by significant biologic hurdles. Thus, for the foreseeable future, the march of regenerative medicine to the clinic will depend on the development of non-ES cell therapies. At present, non-ES cells easily available in large numbers can be found in the bone marrow, adipose tissue and umbilical cord blood (CB). Each of these stem cells is being used to treat a variety of diseases. This review shows that CB contains multiple populations of pluripotent stem cells, and can be considered the best alternative to ES cells. CB stem cells are capable of giving rise to hematopoietic, epithelial, endothelial and neural tissues both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, CB stem cells are amenable to treat a wide variety of diseases including cardiovascular, ophthalmic, orthopedic, neurologic and endocrine diseases.