Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of quercetin on multidrug resistance reversal of lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549/DDP

Objective To evaluate the effect of quercetin(QUE) on reversal multidrug resistance(MDR) of A549/DDP cells,and explore the expression of P-gp and survivin interfered by QUE.Methods Reversal effect of different concentrations of QUE on MDR of A549/DDP cells were tested by MTT assay.Flow cytometry(FCM) was used to investigate the impacts on P-gp and survivin expressions of A549/DDP cells.Results QUE had obvious effect on MDR reversal of A549/DDP cells.The IC50 was(9.09±1.23) μg·ml-1,which had obviously difference to control group(31.34±2.99) μg·ml-1(P0.01). After interfering by QUE with different concentrations,the expression of P-gp and survivin in cells became fewer,which had significant difference to control group(P0.05,P0.01). Conclusion QUE could reverse MDR of A549/DDP cells,which might have relation with down-regulating expressions of P-gp and survivin.
Water Economy of the Burrowing Frog, Heleioporus eyrei (Gray)

southwestern Australia, occurs in a region experiencing hot arid summers. Under these circumstances, frogs usually avoid severe loss of water by remaining in soil-filled burrows (Main et al., 1959), but H. eyrei differs in that it is often observed foraging at night during this season. Although frogs lose water readily through the skin, this disadvantage may be offset by a high body water content, an additional store of water in the urinary bladder, a remarkable capacity to withstand dehydration, and an ability to absorb water rapidly through the skin (Bentley, 1966). Here I have examined aspects of the water economy of H. eyrei to see how this frog avoids severe dehydration.
Nijmegen breakage syndrome gene (NBS1) alterations and its protein (nibrin) expression in human ovarian tumours

We looked for NBS1 gene (602667) alterations and changes in nibrin expression in 162 human gynaecological tumours, mostly ovarian. Exons 6–8 and 10 of the NBS1 gene were evaluated by the SSCP and direct sequencing method. Nibrin expression was detected immunohistochemically with the use of the p95NBS1 (Ab‐1) antibody. The 657del5 mutation (Slavic mutation) was found in two of 117 carcinomas studied (1.7%) – in both cases it was present in the germline; one of these tumours showed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) for the 657del5 mutation and loss of nibrin expression. We have found three types of novel germline intron variants: (1) two concomitant transitions (G to A) at bases 14009 and 14256; (2) C to T transition at base 13998; (3) G to C transversion at base 20035. Among the carcinomas studied, the intron variants were associated with a clear cell histological type (p = 0.004). Our results may suggest that NBS1 gene alterations contribute to the development of rare ovarian carcinomas. LOH for 657del5 in tumour tissue may support the hypothesis that the NBS1 gene functions as a tumour suppressor.
THE MECHANISM OF PPAR-γ AND PGC-1 AND THE PROGRESSION OF GENESMONONUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM

Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors(PPARs)-a kind of ligand-activated transcription factor are members of the typeⅡ nuclear hormone receptor superfamily.PPAR-γ is one of the three isomers of PPARs.While PGC-1 is the cooperation stimulating factor of PPAR-γ. It regulates the expression of target genes through interaction with nuclear receptor.
The Research of Applying Primer Premier 5.0 to Design PCR Primer

Objective With the help of Primer Premier 5.0 to design PCR primer and verifying the efficiency and speciality of PCR about these primers. Methods Sixteen pairs of primers that would be amplified in Genomics of pig and dog were designed by Primer Premier 5.0. The results of PCR would be investigated through agarose gel electrophoresis.Results Eight pairs of primers in all designed succeeded in the efficiency and speciality of PCR, the ratio of success was 50 percent. The twelve pairs of primers what were designed in the forepart of the experiment were only four to amplify better. However, the four pairs of primers designed in the anaphase all succeeded. Conclusions There is a trend that can be recognized in the process of designing primer. Namely, the forepart is far more than the anaphase in the ratio of success to design primer. It is indicated that our technology to design primer is further professional. Moreover, the most important is that the technique route of using the comparative genomics to isolate new gene is farther comprehended and perfected and placing a direction at next experiment.
Brood Pheromone Can Modulate the Feeding Behavior of Apis mellifera Workers (Hytnenoptera: Apidae)

A honeybee brood pheromone, made of 10 simple fatty aliphatic esters previously described as important compounds in the chemical communication betveen brood and workers, was tested as an additional chemical stimulus in the artificial rearing of the queens. Three of these compounds significantly affected queen rearing when they were applied in amounts similar to those naturally found on larval cuticle. Methyl stearate increased the acceptance of the queen cells, methyl linoleate enhanced the amounts of royal jelly deposited by the worker, and methyl palmitate improved the weight of the larvae. The role of these compounds in the chemical ecology of the larval feeding process and their practical use in beekeeping is discussed.
Phylogenetic Analysis of 18S rDNA Sequence of Mold from Luzhou-flavor Daqu

104 strains of filamentous fungi were isolated from Daqu of a famous distillery in Guizhou,and classified into fourteen groups based on their morphological and physiological characteristics,and then categorized into five groups(MJ-Ⅰ,MJ-Ⅱ,MJ-Ⅲ,MJ-Ⅳ,MJ-Ⅴ) by 18S rDNA sequence comparison,at last the phylogenetic tree was reconstructed.The results showed that Aspergillus accounted for 40.38% of the molds in number,Absidia 31.73%,Pseudallescheria 16.35%,Phoma 6.73% and Paecilomyces 4.80%. Pseudallescheria had not been reported publicly in similar ecological environment before.The representative strain MJ-10 in MJ-Ⅰflora had very high similarity of 99% to Aspergillus fumigatus and the 18S rDNA gene sequence of strain MJ-11 in MJ-Ⅴ flora was 100% similar to Absidia corymbifera,which demonstrated that strains MJ-10 and MJ-11 were identified to species accurately.The study indicated that there were similarities and differences among microbial diversities of Daqu from different ecological environments,which resulted in unique quality of the liquors.Fig 2,Tab 1,Ref 17
Nutritious Attempts to Detoxify Aflatoxic Diets of Tilapia Fish 2- Clinical, Biochemical and Histological Parameters

This study was conducted to investigate the toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on mono-sex Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings and attempting to detoxify these drastic effects by using some dietary supplements. Therefore, 0.5 % of each of these supplements agents (namely, Bio-Buds-2x, chamomile flowers, aspirin and ginger) were added to 100 ppb aflatoxin B 1 diet for fingerlings. These diets were offered 6 days a week at 3% daily of actual biomass in glass aquaria in duplicate/treatment in an indoor feeding experiment which lasted 14 weeks. The aflatoxic diet led to occurrence of some external clinical symptoms and postmortem signs of the aflatoxicated fish. Protein analysis showed remarkable variations in the number of bands and their intensity among all treatments and estrase isozyme activities were also affected. There were severe histological alterations in all tested organs (livers, kidneys, intestines and gills, except in the gonads of the treated fish). Dietary ginger inclusion alleviated aflatoxicosis symptoms by fish, since it improved all the above tested parameters of the aflatoixcated fish. Generally, the obtained results in the present study indicated that ginger was the best detoxifying agent of
Some Genetic Aspects of Hatchability

Abstract THE genetic aspects of hatchability and the knowledge concerning them have been discussed recently by Jull (1932). It has been established that cross-breeding often increases hatchability and that inbreeding often decreases it. These results of cross-breeding and inbreeding have been attributed chiefly to the different degrees of heterozygosity likely to be produced by these types of matings. Three characters lethal to the embryo when present in homozygous condition have been reported by Dunn (1923), Landauer and Dunn (1930), and Byerly and Jull (1932), respectively. Physical characters of the egg, such as weight, shape, and color, have little relation to hatchability within the normal range of variation of these factors. Evidence presented herein indicates that cross-breeding improves hatchability in inverse proportion to the hatchability of the parental stocks; that further improvement in hatchability is likely to be obtained by mating F1 females to males of an unrelated breed; that genetic factors .
Reply

Peuralinna (Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital), L. Myllykangas (Folkhalsan Institute of Genetics and Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki), and R. Sulkava (Department of Public Health and General Practice Division of Geriatrics, University of Eastern Finland) for the Finnish controls (Vantaa85 1 GWAS data). We used genome-wide association data generated by the Wellcome Trust CaseControl Consortium 2 (WTCCC2) from UK patients with Parkinson’s disease and UK control individuals from the 1958 Birth Cohort and National Blood Service. We thank Jeffrey Barrett for assistance with the design of the ImmunoChip.
The Emulsificating Ability of Oxidized Tapioka Starches with Sodium Hypochlorite.

(1) タピオカでん粉にpH 10の条件下で対でん粉当たり2%, 10%, 20%の割合で次亜塩素酸ナトリウムを加えて酸化処理を行い次亜塩素酸ナトリウム処理でん粉を調製した. (2) 次亜塩素酸ナトリウム処理でん粉はシュガーエステルやカゼイン等と同様の乳化力を持っていた. これらの乳化剤と混合しても乳化力は低下しなかった. (3) でん粉糊液に酸,アルカリ,食塩等の電解質を添加した試料について同様の乳化を試みた. 酸以外は乳化に影響を与えなかった. (4) 乳化に使用する処理でん粉の酸化度と糊液の濃度の間に乳化最適域が存在することがあきらかになった. (5) バッチ式乳化ではO/W乳化,連続乳化ではO/W/O乳化を示した. (6) 油の量を増やして行くとW/Oにはならず,油水分離が起こりでん粉糊液が系から排出され油の合一が始まると考えられた. (7) 乳化が崩壊した系に再度次亜塩素酸処理でん粉糊液を添加しても乳化は復活しなかった.
Operation of Zoogeographic Barriers

Briggs, J. C. (Division of Graduate Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620) 1973. The operation of zoogeographic barriers. Syst. Zool. 23:248-256. -Information about the operation of various, major zoogeographic barriers in both marine and terrestrial environments is presented. The data appear to indicate that such barriers affect the distribution of animals in a consistent manner. Therefore, it is possible to propose a general theory of barrier function. If we assume that such barriers have been constant in their function over long periods of time, we are provided with a relatively simple explanation for certain, worldwide distributional (and phylogenetic) patterns that apparently have taken millions of years to become established. If it is recognized that, in general, the more advanced species will be found in the center of origin, the task of working out the relationships of an animal group, and hence the course of evolution, will be made easier. The data on barriers indicate that the cladistic biogeographic principle, which states that the most primitive species are found closest to the center of origin, is probably unsomnd. [Zoogeography; dispersal; centers of origin. ] In characterizing zoogeographic regions, it is necessary to recognize the presence of barriers or boundaries that separate them. Barriers are often considered simply as places that are relatively difficult for animals to cross and, when migration is thus impeded and gene flow lessened, it is generally recognized that the separated regions tend, over a period of time, to develop their own individual faunas. However, it is not generally recognized that, by studying the evidence for successful (colonizing) migrations across such barriers, one can accumulate information about the interrelationships of regions that can lead toward a better understanding of zoogeography and evo-
Association Study of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Genetic Polymorphisms and Sporadic Parkinson Disease

Objective:To investigate the relationship between brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) genetic polymorphisms (G196A and C270T) and sporadic Parkinson's disease(SPD). Methods:The genotype of 196 healthy controls and 85 SPD patients was analyzed with the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique; x2 test was used to estimate p values. Results:G/A genotype was dominant in both groups and no T allele was found. There were no significant differences in genotype and allele frequencies of G196A and C270T between SPD and control group. Conclusions:No association existed between BDNF genetic polymorphisms and SPD in Han population of Huazhong area.
Inhibitory Effect of Certain Amino Acids on Growth of Young Male Rats

Conclusion Gelatin will not allow optimum growth even when supplemented with all reported essential amino acids. In fact, less growth is obtained with gelatin plus amino acids than with the amino acids alone at the same level in the diet. 2. The presence of 6% glycine of 5% dl-phenylalanine or 5% 1-proline in certain diets has an inbibitory effect on growth. 3. The inhibitory effect of glycine and praline on growth may explain the difficulty in supplementing gelatin for optimum growth.
Rheological studies on pig gastrointestinal mucous secretions

parallel by the method of Satoh (1978). did not show any increase above that which could be accounted for by the sum of the malonaldehyde levels contributed by the microsomal membranes and serum individually. After a 30min incubation at 37OC. the results were more variable, the clotting time of the microsomes incubated with undiluted serum had lengthened from a mean value of 7.5 s to 18.5 s. an effect that was far less marked with diluted serum. until. at a 1 : 10 dilution of serum, no extension of the clotting time was observed. The lipid peroxide levels observed after the 30min incubation were also noteworthy. There was little change in the malonaldehyde levels of the undiluted serum and the 1:2 and 1:5 serum dilutions incubated with microsomes, whereas the malonaldehyde level of the 1 :I0 serum dilution incubated with microsomes had doubled. This may be explained by the fact that serum contains many anti-oxidants, including such components as caeruloplasmin (Gutteridge et al., 1980). and dilution of the serum may reduce the anti-oxidant capacity to a level whereby oxidation may occur. Our results in the present study, and in previous work (Cropper & Howell, 1982) and those of others (Ernster et al., 1982). indicate that malonaldehyde concentration is not as reliable as the oxygen electrode for measuring lipid peroxidation and especially when used in parallel with sensitive clotting assays.
DIGESTIVE-RATE CONSTRAINT IN WINTERING COMMON EIDERS (SOMATERIA MOLLISSIMA): IMPLICATIONS FOR FLYING CAPABILITIES

Rates of ingestion and digestion for wintering Common Eiders (Somateria mol- lissima) feeding on blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) were estimated using information on average meal size, feeding- and resting-bout durations, and transit time. Rate of ingestion of mussel shells is two times higher than defecation rate; as a consequence, shells accumulate in the gut as ingestion progresses. On average, eiders shot when flying (n = 92) had 1.1% of their body mass as prey compared with 3.7 and 6.4% for eiders foraging in small and large flocks (n = 77), respectively, suggesting that eiders tend to minimize the transportation of surplus mass when flying. Wing loading of the Common Eider averages 2.0 g.cm-2, which is among the highest values determined for a bird species capable of flight. Maximum gut contents were between 8 and 11% of body mass for eiders foraging in large rafts; such mass of food significantly increases wing loading and is associated with a reluctance or a possible inability to take flight. I hypothesize that meal size in Common Eiders is regulated in response to
Relation of European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Leaf-Feeding Resistance and Dimboa Content in Maize

European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), is a major insect pest of maize, Zea mays L. , in the northern Corn Belt, which affects production through physiological yield reduction and harvest losses. Four maize inbreds (two resistant [C131A and B75] and two susceptible [C103 and C121E] to first-generation European corn borer along with all possible F1s [6 eachl and F2s [6 each] plus the double crosses [15 each] from the F1s) were evaluated for resistance to leaf feeding by the European corn borer and 2, 4-dihydrox-7-methoxy-1, 4-henzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) concentration in the leaf tissue. The two objectives of our study were: (1) to compare the traditional visual leaf feeding rating scale to a chemical analysis of the concentration of DIMBOA and (2) to determine the concentration and persistence of DIMBOA among these genotypes in relation to resistance. The leaf-feeding resistant inbreds, C131A and B75, had initial ratings of 1.0 on a scale of 1–9 (1, highly resistant to 9, highly susceptible) and they had a concentration of DIMBOA of 704 and 433 μ g/g, respectively. The susceptible inbreds, C103 and C121E, had ratings of 7.5 and 3.8 and DIMBOA concentrations of 91 and 70 μ g/g, respectively. The resistant ratings of the F1S and F2S were generally related to their parentage. The resistant genotypes had higher levels of DIMBOA and this trait was expressed in the various crosses in an additive manner indicating that DIMBOA concentration is genetically determined. The leaf feeding ratings became higher and DIMBOA concentrations lower as the plant matured. The correlation ofleaf feeding rating and DIMBOA concentration was r = −0.40 62 d after planting, but 10 d later it dropped to r = −0.34; both are Significant negative correlations. No resistance was found by the time the inbreds and crosses were flowering.
Microsatellites Polymorphism on the Waxy Gene Locus and Their Relationship to Amylose Content in indica and japonica Rice,Oryza sativa L.

Amylose is synthesized under the catalysis of granule--bound starch synthases (GBSS) encoded by the wary gene in rice. A polymorphic (CT)n microsatellite sequence was reported within the Wx gene recently. The polymorphism of this sequence and its relationship to amylose content was explored using 74 non-waxy indica and japonica rice varieties or breeding lines. Seven Wx microsatellite alleles,namely (CD)8, (CD)10, (CT)11, (CT)16, (CD)17, (CT) 18, and (CT) 19 were identified. The distribution difference of these alleles were obvious between indica and japonica subspecies. In indica rice, 92.6% materials were either with (CT)11 or (CT)18,, or both of them (heterozygous material); remaining ones included 2 with (CT)10, 2 with (CT)8, and 1 with (CT)17. In japonica rice, 18 varieties (lines) were with (CT)16 and (CT)17, which occupied 90.0% of the total, remaining ones were 1 with (CT)18 and 1with (CT)19. The determinant coefficient [the R squared (R2 ) value] of (CT)n to amylose content was as high as 0.912, which means 91.2% of amylose content variation could be resulted from waxy gene allele difference. In the experiment, we also found that 6 indica rice materials, 2 of which were commercial varieties, were still heterozygous on the Wx locus with alleles (CT)11 and (CT)18, the implications of this finding to plant genetic study and breeding application were discussed.
Localizing Novel Attended Objects in Egocentric Views

People have foveated vision and thus are generally able to attend to just a single object within their ﬁeld of view at a time. Our goal is to learn a model that can automatically identify which object is being attended, given a person’s ﬁeld of view captured by a ﬁrst person camera. This problem is different from traditional salient object detection because our goal is not to identify all of the salient objects in the scene, but to identify the single object to which the camera wearer is attending. We present a model that learns based on very weak supervision, with just annotations of the label of the class that is attended in each frame, without bounding boxes or other spatial location information. We show that by learning disentangled representations for localization and classiﬁcation, our model can effectively localize novel attended objects that were never seen during training. We propose a multi-stage knowledge distillation strategy to train our generalized localizer model. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the ﬁrst to explore the problem of learning generalized attended object localization models in egocentric views under weak supervision.
Reply

In their reanalysis of our data on effectiveness of interferonin relapsing multiple sclerosis, Renoux and Suissa hypothesize that our findings are subject to “excluded” immortal time bias, which is accounted for as the difference from disease onset to cohort entry (ie, disease duration) between treatment and control groups. Their approach, although appropriate in cohort studies of this kind, appears to be unnecessary and misleading here. The distinction between “misclassified” and “excluded” immortal time is crucial to our explanation. In observational studies, cohort entry is often different in the two groups at issue. Zhou and colleageus showed that “excluded” immortal time bias can be easily addressed by matching on cohort entry time. Propensity score (PS) and sensitivity analysis clearly serve this purpose. Mimicking randomization, PS methodology balances at treatment assignment the treated group with similar (ie, counterfactual) untreated subjects at their own “time zero” for measured background covariates, allowing for an “unbiased” comparison. If covariate balance is reached, all biases, including immortal time one, are addressed. Immortal time bias indeed represents an informative left censoring (ie, events occurring before our “time zero” must be excluded), which is conditional not only on disease duration but also on other crucial covariates as age at onset and Expanded Disability Status Scale score. Of course, specific residual bias for cohort entry could still persist once critical balancing covariates are accounted for by PS. In such cases, potential residual bias because of an unmeasured confounder is addressed by sensitivity analysis that simulates scenarios disproving PS-adjusted model results. In addition, Renoux and Suissa’s analysis is based on an erroneous mix of estimated values derived from our PS analysis and crude values given by mean follow-up multiplied by the difference of disease duration between the two groups. Still, naively adding “excluded” immortal time, their mixed scenario grossly reintroduces indication bias being the two groups confounded once again by disease duration. In their approach, an alternative analysis that would account for any bias should consider disease onset as “time zero” and be adjusted at least for age and Expanded Disability Status Scale score (both at onset). Nonetheless, their time-dependent approach would not avoid major criticism. The main assumption that treatment switch should not be conditional on patients’ characteristics (eg, disease severity) at each specific time is violated, and with treatment switch occurring at different points in time, it will not be possible, as for open-label extension trials, to control for confounding. Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, and Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Epidemiology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy