Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Differences in the Composition of Organic Aerosols in Beijing: a Study by Direct Infusion Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Abstract. This study investigates the chemical composition of PM2.5 collected at a central location in Beijing, China, during winter 2016 and summer 2017. The samples were characterised using direct infusion negative nano-electrospray ionisation ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry to elucidate the composition and the potential primary and secondary sources of the organic fraction. The samples from the two seasons were compared with those from a road-tunnel site and an urban background site in Birmingham, UK, analysed in the course of an earlier study using the same method. There were strong differences in aerosol particle composition between the seasons, particularly regarding (poly-)aromatic compounds, which were strongly enhanced in winter, likely due to increased fossil fuel and biomass burning for heating. In addition to the seasonal differences, compositional differences between high and low pollution conditions were observed, with the contribution of sulfur-containing organic compounds strongly enhanced under high pollution conditions. There was a correlation of the number of sulphur-containing molecular formulae with the concentration of particulate sulfate, consistent with a particle-phase formation process.
Preprocessing for Mining the Textual data- A Review

Text mining is the process of discovering the interesting pattern or knowledge from huge amount of data. In WWW there are several text sources like news articles, book, digital libraries, email messages, web pages etc. it may contains structured fields, such as title, author, publishing data and unstructured data. The aim is to retrieve the desired information from the large volume of collection. Many of the researchers have used an AI methods and machine learning algorithms to achieve high performance on both automatic information extraction (IE) and retrieval (IR). This paper discussed about the various data Preprocessing techniques rather than Text mining Techniques. Preprocessing techniques are played a vital role in text mining and its applications like NLP, NER,etc. It is the foremost step in the text mining processes. This paper describes about the stop words removal, Stemming and its various algorithms with their advantages and limitations , Term Frequency(TF) and finally it concludes with word cloud which describes the frequency of each word in an experimental data set. R programming were used for implementation part.
Potential health impact of transport traffic restriction in the center of Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan

The transport traffic is known to be the major reason for air pollution in urban areas. Two pollutants should be considered with attention: the particles with diameter of less than 10 microns (PM10) and carbon monoxide. The paper discusses application of time-series and geographical studies to the investigation of air pollution health effects as well as attempts to estimate potential health impact of restriction traffic in the center of Baku by 25% based on local data published in 2012(4) and 2013(5). Time-series studies investigate association between short-term variations in air pollution levels and health events counts. Confounding factors that change slowly over the time do not introduce much distortion for the association in question as population is used as its own control. Geographical studies aimed at investigation of association between long-term exposure to air pollution and chronic health outcomes. They are known to be prone to confounding because they compare populations from different locations. The evidence of air pollution effects from time-series and geographical studies is complementary. The problem of traffic air pollution is being intensified with each year and becomes one of the main public health priorities in Baku. Assuming that the results of six cities study (3) can be generalized to Baku the total number of preventable annual deaths should be around 419 in case of restriction traffic in the center of Baku by 25%. For the low border of 95%CI the result is as much as 153. Despite uncertainties in assumptions the produced evidence fully justifies the proposed intervention.
The functional composition of the neophytic flora changes in response to environmental conditions along a rural-urban gradient

Compared to rural environments, cities are known to be extraordinarily rich in plant species. In particular, the proportion of alien plant species is higher in urban areas. This is attributed to specific urban conditions, which provide a large variety of habitats due to high geological heterogeneity. It can also be attributed to the role of cities as centres for plant introductions and the consequential increased propagule pressure. Neophytes, alien plant species introduced after the discovery of the Americas, appear to contribute especially strongly to the increased proportion of alien plants in cities. To investigate whether the plant traits of neophytes can be explained by environmental variables, we modelled the composition of their pollination types and growth forms as well as their diaspore weight and the onset of flowering in response to a selection of climatic, geological, land cover and traffic network variables with data from Germany. To test for a specific urban effect, we included their interactions with the area of urban land use. In general, we found that climatic variables were the most important predictors for all traits. However, when considering interactions with urbanisation, non-climatic variables, which often were not significant as the main effect, remained in the final models. This points to an existing ‘urban effect’. However, it is much smaller compared to the purely climatic effects. We conclude that interferences and alterations Copyright Janis Wolf et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. NeoBiota 54: 23–47 (2020) doi: 10.3897/neobiota.54. 38898 http://neobiota.pensoft. net RESEARCH ARTICLE Advancing research on alien species and biological invasions A peer-reviewed open-access journal
Assessment of Arterial Stiffness Index Calculated from Accelerated Photoplethysmography

Arterial stiffness has previously been identified as an independent predictor of neuro/cardiovascular diseases and events [1,2]. Recent technological advances for the assessment of arterial stiffness have helped with early identification and prevention of neuro/cardiovascular disease/events in at-risk patients. Several non-invasive methods have been developed recently for the assessment of arterial stiffness. Brachial–Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity (baPWV) is noninvasive and convenient, and so it is widely used in clinical practice and in large populations [3,4].
One Step Back, Two Steps Ahead: Revisiting the ESS: Towards the EU as a Regional Player

The 2003 European Security Strategy (ESS) has been welcomed by many authors for outlining clearly what challenges the EU faces and how it seeks to tackle them (Becher, 2004; Biscop, 2004). In other words, it states for the first time how the EU sees itself as a security actor in the international arena. However, almost five years down the line a lot of the initial enthusiasm has vanished and one comes to realize that the ESS, like so many EU policy-documents, is haunted by an old friend: the gap between high ambitions and actual performance.
HUOM! Tämä on alkuperäisen artikkelin rinnakkaistallenne. Rinnakkaistallenne saattaa erota

The Engaging Learning Environment (ELE) model was introduced into a company’s work-place to support the learning and well-being of the employees. The participants were 107 middle managers: E-learning group (n = 42) and a comparison group (n = 42) as well as a blended ELE intervention group (n = 23) assigned by the company that combined e-learning and face-to-face sessions. All groups participated in preand post-tests. The participants’ knowledge was assessed by 16 MCQs and their application skills by the Dealing with Challenging Interaction (DCI) method which consisted of case studies. The descriptions of how to act in case situations were content analysed. A repeated measures GLM was used to determine whether knowledge and skills changed during the leadership training, and whether their belonging to one of the groups had any bearing on this. The analysis showed that the e-learning group improved their performance more than the comparison group and the results of the ELE intervention group improved even more. Therefore, it is possible to learn communication skills online.
Built form, urban climate and building energy modelling: case-studies in Rome and Antofagasta

The energy performance of urban buildings is affected by multiple climate phenomena such as heat island intensity, wind flow, solar obstructions and infrared radiation exchange in urban canyons, but a modelling procedure to account for all of them in building performance simulation is still missing. This paper contributes to fill this gap by describing a chain strategy to model urban boundary conditions suitable for annual simulations using dynamic thermal simulation tools. The methodology brings together existing physical and empirical climate models and it is applied to 10 case studies in Rome (Italy) and Antofagasta (Chile). The results show that urban climate varies significantly across a city depending on the density of urban texture and its impact on the annual energy demand depends on the region's climate. The urban shadows are crucial in cooling-dominated climates (Antofagasta) while the urban heat island intensity is more important in temperate climates (Rome). Abbreviations: ACH: Air change per hour; BPS: Building Performance Simulation; BS: British Standard; CNV: Controlled natural ventilation; H/W: height-to-width ratio of urban canyons; L/W: length-to-width ratio of urban canyons; UHI: Urban Heat Island; UWG: Urban Weather Generator model
Contacts between Natives and Migrants in Germany: Perceptions of the Native Population since 1980 and an Examination of the Contact Hypotheses

For decades, migration to Germany has been a relevant social phenomenon resulting in an increasing share of foreigners and Germans with migration background in the German populace. Additionally, since 2015, Germany has experienced a substantial increase in the immigration of people seeking refuge and asylum from civil war, economic and environmental catastrophes, and other adverse living conditions. These developments can be assumed to have led to an increase in intergroup contact between Germans and foreigners. We investigate this phenomenon in a multifaceted fashion by combining a social indicator and monitoring approach using repeated cross-sections over time with a new panel approach using a short-time panel to study causal relations. As a first step, we descriptively analyze the development of intergroup contact experiences of the German population with foreigners in various areas of life using data from the ALLBUS survey collected over 36 years between 1980 and 2016. Specifically, we detail the diverging contact experiences of participants with and without migration background as well as participants in the former Eastern and Western part of Germany. In a second step, based on Allport’s intergroup contact theory that contact with outgroup members may improve attitudes towards these outgroups and other related findings, we examine the longitudinal processes between positive intergroup contact with foreigners and attitudes towards foreigners using four waves of the GESIS Panel collected over approximately one and a half years. We apply special rigor to these analyses by differentiating stable differences in intergroup contact experiences and attitudes between participants from within-person processes and discussing the implications of this differentiation.
Crustal Velocity and Poisson’s Ratio Structures beneath Northwest Anatolia Imaged by Seismic Tomography

The northwestern part of Anatolia is a part of an orogenic belt within the Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonic units and is located westward relative to the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ), which is a major tectonic feature in Anatolia. It is a seismically active zone as a result of the tectonic deformation prevailing in the region which has been accompanied by a high-grade magmatism in the latest Oligocene time. In this study, we determine 3-D velocity and Poisson’s ratio images of the crust beneath northwestern Anatolia by inverting a large number of arrival time data of Pand S-waves. Our tomographic images elucidate the major tectonic features of the area and are consistent with the previous geological and geophysical observations in the region. At shallow depths, high Pand S-wave velocity anomalies are revealed, which disappear progressively downward and are replaced by low-velocity zones at depths of 25 and 40 km. The elastic parameter Poisson’s ratio exhibits significant structural heterogeneities compared to the imaged velocity structure with generally high values at most crustal layers. The seismic activity is intense along the highly heterogeneous zones above a depth of 10 km and is closely associated with the westward extension of the NAFZ as well as other local faults in the study region. Results of the checkerboard resolution test, hit count maps and the ray-path coverage, indicate that the imaged velocity and Poisson’s ratio anomalies are reliable features down to a depth of 40 km. The wide distribution of the low-velocity/high Poisson’s ratio zones in the middle and lower crust are consistent with many geophysical observations such as strong Lg attenuation, high heat flow, and the absence of mantle lid, indicating the presence of partial melt in the
The Ubiquitous Premature Ventricular Complex

Premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) are one of the most commonly encountered arrhythmias and are ubiquitous in clinical practice, both in the outpatient and inpatient settings. They are often discovered incidentally in asymptomatic patients, however, can cause myriad symptoms acutely and chronically. Long thought to be completely benign, PVCs have been historically disregarded without pursuing any further evaluation. Newer data have revealed that a high burden of PVCs with specific characteristics can significantly increase a patient's risk of developing PVC-induced cardiomyopathy. The aim of this literature review is to provide further clarification on the identification of high-risk PVCs, subsequent workup, and the currently available treatment options. PVCs arise from an ectopic focus within the ventricles. Patients with PVCs can be either asymptomatic or have severe disabling symptoms. The diagnostic workup for PVCs includes electrocardiogram (ECG) and 24-h Holter monitor to assess the QRS morphology and its frequency. A transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) is done to look for structural heart disease and cardiomyopathy. Management of PVCs should be focused on identifying and treating the underlying causes, such as electrolyte abnormalities, substance use, and underlying structural heart disease. Beta-blockers are first-line therapy for symptomatic PVCs. Nondihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, classic antiarrhythmic agents, and amiodarone can be considered as second-line agents. Patients who are unable to tolerate medical therapy should undergo catheter ablation of the PVC focus to prevent PVC-induced cardiomyopathy. PVCs are common in clinical practice, and it is vital to identify patients at higher risk for PVC-induced cardiomyopathy to facilitate early intervention. Patients with no evidence of structural heart disease and infrequent PVCs should be monitored closely, while those who are symptomatic should be treated medically. For those who have failed medical therapy, catheter ablation of the PVCs focus is recommended. Catheter ablation has been shown to reduce PVCs burden and improve left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in those with PVC-induced cardiomyopathy.
Effects of Wet Separated and High Speed Milling Fly Ash Added in High Volume to Cementitious Materials

In this research high speed milling was carried out on particles of brown coal raw fly ash, on second layer, and on third layer particles obtained from wet separation of brown coal raw fly ash. Due to milling process, median particle size d50 of raw fly ash, second layer, and third layer reduced by 46 %, 23 %, and 77 %, densities reduced by 11 %, 17 %, and 8 % respectively. Due to milling process, formation of agglomerations was observed, the standard deviation of the chemical composition of each element from the mean value reduced. After milling, high volume cementitious paste mixes were prepared with 60 % cement replacement. Due to the milling process the increase in compressive strength at 28 and 90 days was observed for raw fly ash is 59 % and 16 %, for second layer is 12 % and 15 %, for third layer and milled third layer is 78 % and 75 %. Flexural strength testing showed that due to the milling process the deflections at maximum loads have reduced considerably leading to brittle behavior of milled cementitious specimens. The testing for Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry showed that the cementitious specimens of third layer have maximum concentration of large capillary pores between 0.05 and 10 μm, whereas, all others have maximum concentration of medium capillary pores between 0.01 and 0.05 μm. Autogenous shrinkage of cementitious specimens was measured for first sixteen hours after mixing which showed that the second layer particles have the least shrinkage as compared to all other specimens.
Comparative analysis of PD-PWM technique in the set: Multilevel Inverter-Induction motor

Received: 4 January 2020 Accepted: 20 March 2020 Currently, multilevel inverters with an induction motor as a load are widely used in the industry. Therefore, there has been an increase in the number of studies related to the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages that are presented in the set: multilevel inverter + induction motor (MLI+IM). Exist several multilevel inverter topologies and different modulation techniques for these inverters, so it is very difficult to select the most suitable combination to improve the operating conditions of the set. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the behavior of the electrical and mechanical parameters in the set: multilevel inverter + induction motor, using four different pulse width modulation techniques to generate the switching states for the power semiconductor devices in a threephase, seven-level cascade multilevel inverter. The objective of the comparison is to identify the modulation strategy with the best performance for the conditions established in this study.
DISSERTATION PASSIVATION STUDIES ON Cd0.6Zn0.4Te FILMS USING CdCl2, MgCl2 and ZnCl2 FOR TOP CELL APPLICATION IN A MULTIJUNCTION SOLAR CELL Submitted by

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iv DEDICATION . vi LIST OF TABLES . vii LIST OF FIGURES . viii Chapter 1 . 1 Multi-junction Solar Cells. 1 Single Junction Solar Cell . 1 1.1 Thermalization Losses . 1 1.2 Multijunction Solar Cells . 3 1.3 Road Map for High Efficiency CdTe Based Devices . 5 1.4 Literature Review . 6 1.5 Motivation . 9 1.6 Chapter 2 . 10 Sample Preparation and Characterization . 10 2.1 Project Background . 10 2.2 CdS Deposition in Advanced Deposition Research System . 11 2.3 Passivation Treatment . 12 2.4 Passivation treatment in ARDS . 14 2.5 Copper Doping in ARDS and Tellurium Deposition Process . 14 2.6 Small Area Device (SAD) Fabrication . 15 2.7 RF Sputtering of CdZnTe Films . 15
Contemporary stroke care delivered in a specialised stroke bay, a neurology ward and a medical ward in Greece

Introduction: Currently in Greece there are only two ‘stroke bays’ (SBs) and their efficacy compared to standard ward treatment has not been evaluated.Aim: To provide baseline data on stroke case-mix and compare death rates in two Greek hospitals (A+B, i.e. with & without a SB). Material and Methods: One hundrend sixty four acute stroke patients from two hospitals were consecutively selected in order to explore approaches to stroke care in three different types of care delivery settings. A descriptive design with group comparisons was employedand data gathering included patient case mix, age and length of stay (LOS), neurological status and death rates. Kaplan-Meier curves we reused for survival analysis and independent samples t test and Z test for group comparisons at p<0.05. Results: Of the 164 patients, 88 (44.4%, female) werein hospital A and 76 (42.1%, female) in hospital B. The mean age was 65.7 and 69.1 years respectively, LOS was 7.6 (3-18) and 7.3 days (1-26), while death rate was 6.8% and 10.5% respectively.Discussion: Survival analysis for the two hospitalsshowed that there are no statistically significant differences regarding death and survival rates between the two hospitals, even when one had a SB. Yet, the SB shows a statistically significant reduction in overall LOS.Conclusions: In societies where stroke units are not yet established, a SB might be an economical way of making use of (limited) available resources and raising nursing and medical standards of care by motivating the full potential of staff involved.
Investigating Problems and Obstacles of the Risk-Based Auditing in Iran and Prioritizing them

In this study, we investigate the problems and obstacles of implementing the risk-based auditing in Iran. We set four hypotheses and used questionnaire containing 45 questions to collect the required data. The questionnaires were distributed between Iranian certified public accountants who were partners or directors of audit firms and audit organizations member of Iranian certified public accountant institute. To determine the validity of the research questionnaire limited number of questionnaires distributed between small sample of respondents and their views taken into account. The Cronbach’s alpha test is used to measure reliability of the questionnaire. The results of this study indicated that, lack of the theoretical foundations and regulations of risk-based auditing in Iran, structure and function of auditors and audit firms and factors related to the clients are the obstacles and limitations on implementation of risk-based auditing in Iran Then the most important factors prioritized using fuzzy hierarchy analysis. For this reason, a questionnaire was developed with 16 factors from approved hypotheses. Results revealed that related factors with the auditors and unfamiliarity of auditors with IT and lack of educational resources were the most important obstacles and limitations on implementation of the risk-based auditing in Iran.