Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influences of Hydraulic Fracturing on Fluid Flow and Mineralization at the Vein-Type Tungsten Deposits in Southern China

Wolframite is the main ore mineral at the vein-type tungsten deposits in the Nanling Range, which is a world-class tungsten province. It is disputed how wolframite is precipitated at these deposits and no one has yet studied the links of the mechanical processes to fluid flow and mineralization. Finite element-based numerical experiments are used to investigate the influences of a hydraulic fracturing process on fluid flow and solubility of CO2 and quartz. The fluids are aqueous NaCl solutions and fluid pressure is the only variable controlling solubility of CO2 and quartz in the numerical experiments. Significant fluctuations of fluid pressure and high-velocity hydrothermal pulse are found once rock is fractured by high-pressure fluids. The fluid pressure drop induced by hydraulic fracturing could cause a 9% decrease of quartz solubility. This amount of quartz deposition may not cause a significant decrease in rock permeability. The fluid pressure decrease after hydraulic fracturing also reduces solubility of CO2 by 36% and increases pH. Because an increase in pH would cause a major decrease in solubility of tungsten, the fluid pressure drop accompanying a hydraulic fracturing process facilitates wolframite precipitation. Our numerical experiments provide insight into the mechanisms precipitating wolframite at the tungsten deposits in the Nanling Range as well as other metals whose solubility is strongly dependent on pH.
Migratory Fishes as Material and Process Subsidies in Riverine Ecosystems

Migratory fishes are common in freshwaters throughout the world and can fundamentally alter recipient ecosystems. We describe different types of fish migrations and consider their importance from the perspective of ecosystem subsidies—that is, landscape-scale flows of energy, materials, and organisms that are important in driving local food web and ecosystem dynamics. We distinguish between two general categories of subsidies, which we term here material subsidies and process subsidies. Material subsidies are the transfer of energy, nutrients, and other resources resulting in direct changes in resource pools within ecosystems. We posit that material subsidies occur under only a subset of life history strategies and ecological settings, and the potential for migratory fish to represent major material subsidies is greatest when (1) the biomass of migrants is high relative to recipient ecosystem size, (2) the availability of nutrients and energy is low in the recipient ecosystem (i.e., oligotrophic), and (3) there are effective mechanisms for both lib -
Risk premiums versus liquidity premiums: A simple numerical example

This paper presents a simple theoretical framework for differentiating the effect of the magnitude of uncertainty on ex-ante excess returns (risk premiums) from the effect of the subsequent resolution of uncertainty on ex-ante excess returns (liquidity premiums) in the presence of irreversible decisions, using an overlapping generations model. Employing Kreps-Porteus preferences, numerical examples demonstrate that liquidity premiums emerge with strong preferences for early resolution as well as large elasticities of intertemporal substitution. This numerical investigation may shed light on the fundamental advantage of Kreps-Porteus preferences in dynamic asset pricing models with time-varying investment opportunities.
Genotype and gender effects on sheep limb bone growth and maturation: selection for loin depth causes bone hypotrophy

This study aimed to compare limb bone growth between offspring of typical crosses used in Australian prime lamb production. Limb bones from sheep of five genotypes – Merino (M × M), Border Leicester sire × Merino (BL × M), Poll Dorset sires selected for growth × Merino (PDg × M), Poll Dorset sires selected for eye muscle depth (PDm × M) × Merino, or second cross (PDg × BLM) – at four time points from 4 to 22 months of age (n = 593) were dissected, measured and weighed. Growth curves were fitted within genotype groups and used to compare (i) overall limb bone growth in terms of length and weight, (ii) differences in allometric growth coefficients for individual bones, (iii) relative limb bone proportions, and (iv) maturity proportion. Results showed two distinct phenotypes in terms of limb bone growth: (i) relative bone hypotrophy of lambs from PDm × M, suggesting that selection for loin depth (PEMD EBV) may be linked with smaller limb size and that their higher muscle : bone ratio may be due to a relative decrease in bone rather than increase muscle weight; and (ii) Merinos were found to have comparable limb length to terminal sire crosses, although distal limb elements were proportionately longer at the expense of the proximal segments that are associated larger muscles. There was a general lack of major differences in bone growth between sheep very different in other production traits, particularly when compared allometrically. Thus, differences in bone growth, proportion or skeletal maturation were greater between ewes and wethers than between these divergent genotypes. PDm × M and BL × M were found to be earlier maturing in terms of limb length, although the bone mineral profile (magnesium content) of PDm × M was suggestive of relative physiological immaturity.
Single defect centres in diamond: A review

The nitrogen vacancy and some nickel related defects in diamond can be observed as single quantum systems in diamond by their fluorescence. The fabrication of single colour centres occurs via generation of vacancies or via controlled nitrogen implantation in the case of the nitrogen vacancy (NV) centre. The NV centre shows an electron paramagnetic ground and optically excited state. As a result electron and nuclear magnetic resonance can be carried out on single defects. Due to the localized nature of the electron spin wavefunction hyperfine coupling to nuclei more than one lattice constant away from the defect as dominated by dipolar interaction. As a consequence the coupling to close nuclei leads to a splitting in the spectrum which allows for optically detected electron nuclear double resonance. The contribution discusses the physics of the NV and other defect centre from the perspective of single defect centre spectroscopy. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Polymorphism within the intron region of the bovine leptin gene in Slovak Pinzgau cattle.

Leptin is 16 kDa protein synthesized by adipose tissue and involved energy balance by inhibiting food intake and stimulating energy expenditure, reproductive and immune functions. The physiological properties support leptin as a strong candidate gene for evaluating of genetic polymorphism, which has further been associated with growth, milk yield and other economical traits in livestock. The aim of this study was detection polymorphism in the intron region of the leptin gene on bovine chromosome 4 by using PCR-RFLP method. A total of 100 Slovak Pinzgau cows were used for SNP genotyping. A strategy employing PCR was used to amplify a 422 bp product from hair roots DNA samples. The genotype and allele frequencies for each breed were determined and tested to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Digestion of PCR products with restriction enzyme Sau 3AI revealed two alleles: allele A was 390, 32 fragments and allele B was 303, 88, 32. Three patterns were observed and frequencies were 0.4761, 0.4278 and 0.0961 for AA, AB and BB, respectively.
An Efficient Emergency Message Forwarding Technique with Improved Rebroadcast Suppression for VANETs

Vehicle Ad Hoc networks are important because they can provide communication for moving vehicles without the need of infrastructural services being deployed on the road. To avoid drastic results of accidents on highways the moving vehicles need to be aware of the traffic situation by sending emergency messages using the wireless broadcast channel. The efficiency of such methods implemented to forward emergency messages needs to be elevated for their reliability by considering the vehicle density and broadcast nature of the wireless channel. Rebroadcast protocols need to perform with minimal delay and generate less traffic in terms of duplicated emergency messages. The current paper studies the use of zone based broadcast suppression method to establish its prominence in reducing congestion.
Effects of Dietary Taurine Supplementation on Growth Performance, Serum Constituents and Antibody Production of Broilers

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of taurine (Tau) supplements on broiler growth performance, serum constituents and antibody production. In Exp. 1, 3 day old chicks received a basal diet supplemented with Tau at 0, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30 or 0.40% for 6 weeks. Although dietary Tau supplementing at 0.30 or 0.40% enhanced feed conversion and reduced feed consumption during 0 to 3 weeks (p<0.05), neither serum total cholesterol or anti-Newcastle disease virus (NDV) titer were affected. In Exp. 2, dietary Tau supplement at 0.25-0.75% enhanced feed conversion of broilers during 0 to 3 weeks, but daily gain and feed consumption were not affected. The 0.75% Tau supplement group displayed lower serum total cholesterol at 6 weeks (p<0.05) comparing with the control group but no difference in anti-NDV titers. In Exp. 3, broilers were treated with dietary Tau of 0 or 0.50% combined with low (0/0%), medium (0.18/0.08%), or high (0.36/0.16%) methionine (Met) levels for 6 weeks (0 to 3/3 to 6 weeks). The addition of Met significantly improved daily gain and feed conversion of broilers during 0 to 3 weeks (p<0.01). Dietary Tau interacted significantly with Met on daily gain and feed consumption. Broiler serum amino acids revealed that Met supplements only increased serum Met level, but only serum Tau level was enhanced as given dietary Tau supplementation. The broilers receiving Tau normalized serum triglycerides level by feeding with the low Met diet and tended to display higher anti-NDV titers (p<0.10). The experimental results suggest that the growth response obtained by Tau supplements results partly from interactions with sulfur amino acids. However, the modulation of the broiler lipid metabolism may be responsible for dietary Tau.
Application of the SRISM approach to the study of the capacitance of the double layer of a high density primitive model electrolyte

In this study the Singlet Reference Interaction Site Model (SRISM) is employed to the study of the electrode charge dependence of the capacitance of a planar electric double layer using the primitive model of the double layer for a high density electrolyte that mimics an ionic liquid. The ions are represented by charged hard spheres and the electrode is a uniformly charged flat surface. The capacitance of this model fluid is calculated with the SRISM approach with closures based on the hypernetted chain (HNC) and Kovalenko- Hirata (KH) closures and compared with simulations. As long as the magnitude of the electrode charge is not too great, the HNC closure shows the most promise. The KH results are reasonably good for a high density electrolyte but are poor when applied at low densities. In a recent paper (1), two of us together with Bhuiyan (WBH) applied the Singlet Reference Interaction Site Model (SRISM), using both the hypernetted chain (HNC) and Kovalenko-Hirata (KH) closures, to the study of density profiles of the double layer formed by a restricted primitive model (RPM) at low electrolyte densities and concluded that the HNC closure was preferable. However, that study was an introductory one whose purpose was to apply and test our programs to the previously studied systems. The RPM is a simple, but informative, model of an electrolyte that models the ions as charged hard spheres, all of the same diameter, in a dielectric continuum that might represent the solvent in the case of ions dissolved in a solvent or represent the environment of the ions or a diminished partial charges of the ions in the case of a high density system. It has been employed in the study of double layers for aqueous or other solvents. An electrical double layer (EDL) is formed by the ions near a charged electrode because the charge of the electrode attracts a compensating layer of counterions. This compensating layer may be a single layer or may consist of several layers, some of which may consist predominantly of coions. In this paper, we study the model electrolyte first introduced by Lamperski et al. (2) and recently considered by Outhwaite et al. (3). This model is based on the RPM and consists of charged hard spheres whose diameter is d = 4 A and whose dimensionless temperature is T � = �dkBT=z 2 e 2 = 0:8, where kB is the Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature of the system and eo is the magnitude of the elementary charge. The ions are assumed to be symmetric with charges zeo and zeo and � = 78:5 is the background dielectric constant of the environment of the ions. Lamperski et al. (LOB) examined the capacitance of this model system by means of a simulation and found that the capacitance had a minimum at zero electrode charge at small electrolyte densities. Such a minimum is typical of the Gouy-Chapman-Stern (GCS) theory (4-6), that neglects ion diameters, except for the distance of closest approach of the ions, and correlations between the ions. This
Novel Texture Description and Face Identification Methods by Defining Bridle Paths and Using Gabor Phases

Identification based on faces is still a useful method for many applications and face recognition developing is an active research Field. In this paper, a novel face identification method is proposed. The proposed method (Bridle Path on Gabor Phase (BPGP)) is based on extracting texture patterns from phases of the Gabor wavelet. Also, in order to describe the textures, a novel texture descriptor method (Bridle Path) is proposed to extract the features from textures. The Bridle Path method inspired by LBP method and brings some advantages such as lower feature vector length and higher texture description capability in comparison with LBP. Experimental results shows that, Bridle Path texture descriptor is a powerful tool for describing textures and consequently proposed face recognition method (BPGP) yields high identification performance compared to other methods.
GROWTH AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF Ulva prolifera MAINTAINED AT DIFFERENT FLOW RATES IN INTEGRATED AQUACULTURE SYSTEM

Efforts to reduce the impact of waste improvement on degradation of water quality can be transferred by utilization of inorganic waste as a source of seaweed nutrition. This study aimed to determine the growth and protein content of Ulva prolifera maintained at different flow rates in integrated aquaculture system. 9 Yellowtail stocked with 5.095 g with an average weight of 566.11±81.51 g were kept in 540 L tank for 24 days, by water flowing at the rate of 10 L min-1. Water from the fish tank was distributed into the sediment tank and go to 6 Ulva tanks with the flow rate of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 L min-1. Test parameters measured were growth performance of Yellowtail, biomass of Ulva prolifera , protein content of Ulva prolifera , and total ammonia nitrogen. The measurement results showed that the biomass of fish increased to 5.408 g, then biomass of Ulva increased to 42 g, 156 g and 155 g for flow rate of 0.5 L, 1 L and 1.5 L min-1, respectively. The protein content of Ulva for all the treatments was the same (P> 0.05). A total of ammonia in the tank outlet of Ulva (0.0202 - 0.1137 mg N L-1) were smaller than those were in the inlet (0.0286 - 0.1394 mg N L-1).
The Method of Applying Support Vector Machine to Engineering Data Regression

Keywords: support vector regression; machine learning; kernel function; parameter optimization Abstract. Based on machine learning concepts, this paper has put forward two key problems of the application of support vector regression and has given a solution to these problems. It is that the different characteristics of the sample data are decisive factors of the schemes of the selection, and the procedure of the structure of kernel function and parameter optimization are proposed.
Efficient and high speed key-independent AES-based authenticated encryption architecture using FPGAs

Data manipulations are made with the use of communication and networking systems. But at the same time, data integrity is also a needed and important property that must be maintained in every data communicating systems. For this, the security levels are provided with cryptographic primitives like hash functions and block ciphers which are deployed into the systems. For efficient architectures, FPGA-based systems like AES-GCM and AEGIS-128 plays in the best part of the re-configurability, which supports the security services of such communication and networking systems. We possibly focus on the performance of the systems with the high security of the FPGA bit streams. GF (2 128 ) multiplier is implemented for authentication tasks for high-speed targets. And also, the implementations were evaluated by using vertex 4.5 FPGA’s
Effects of Different Proportions of Salvianolic Acid and Hydroxysafflor Yellow A on the Myocardial Ischemia Model Induced by Pituitrin in Rats

In this experiment, SD rats were injected intravenously with different proportions of test samples to observe the protective effect of intravenous injection of pituitrin (PIT) that induced myocardial ischemia in rats, and to determine the lipid peroxidation product of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in rat brain and the content and activity of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Creatine Kinase (CK) and Lactate Dehydrogenase(LDH). The role of the anti–myocardial ischemia model in the test and its optimal ratio were studied.Each group of test samples was injected through the tail vein and the II lead ECG was traced. After injection for 30 min, the rats were sublingually injected with 2U/kg pituitrin, and II lead ECG was recorded for 5 min. After 3 hours’ observation, the rats were sacrificed from the cervical spine, and the hearts were removed and placed in a refrigerator at – 20 °C to measure various biochemical indicators. Intravenous injection of each group of tested products has the effect of reducing the content of MDA, LDH, and CK in myocardial tissue, which can enhance the activity of SOD in myocardial tissue, and has statistical significance compared with the model group (P≤0.05 or P≤0.01). Through comprehensive comparison, the A:B=1:10 dose group was found to have the best results.
Motives for food choice of consumers in Central México

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify segments of Mexican consumers with regard to their motives for food choices. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire based on the Food Choice Questionnaire was applied to 1,202 consumers. A factor analysis and a cluster analysis were performed on the data. Findings Ten factors were identified: care for weight and health, social sensitivity, practicality, economic aspects, non-industrialized, hedonism, traditionality A, familiarity, traditionality B, and no added sugar. Resulting clusters were named as: traditional, healthy, conscious, and careless. Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) were found due to gender, age, marital status, and educational level, but not for body mass index. There are signs of different consumers, but it seems that Mexican consumers in general express low sensitivity to issues of health and nutrition, even more so towards animal welfare and products that are friendly to the environment. Research limitations/implications The large diversity of motivations and behaviours in food consumption in Mexico are not all addressed in this study. However, this work opens a new area of research in Mexico so that in the near future studies on the diversity of Mexican consumers are undertaken, looking at the transformation of their food preferences. Practical implications In Europe, governments have addressed the new forms of consumption taking advantage of opportunities that benefit local producers, through the generation of added value as “Protected Designations of Origin (DOP)”, geographical indications, collective brands, ecological produce, local products of the land, among others. These proposals are promoted as a path to follow in Latin America, assuming that Latin American consumers have the same characteristics or interests as in those developed countries. But, not knowing consumers motives of preference represents a problem in the processes of valorization of food products. Social implications Economic development, demographic, and sociocultural changes in Latin America have promoted phenomena both in the polarization of livelihoods in their societies as well as changes of lifestyles in different social strata. Therefore, studies are needed on the effect of these changes not only in food consumption, but also on the symbolic elements when consumers choose their food. Originality/value In Mexico, the study of food consumption has followed diverse approaches, as a matter of policy, from an economic perspective, from anthropology, particularly focussed on indigenous cultures, from the nutrition and health field or emphasizing economic aspects. As in other developing countries, those works do not address the role of the consumer and their motivations, so that research that studies their motives in the choice of foods is needed.
Efficacy of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation in hemodialysis patients

Patients with renal failure undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) therapy suffer from a number of co-morbidities including skeletal muscle loss, reduced physical function, a significantly increased fall risk, and reduced quality of life (QOL). Therefore, interventions to combat these co-morbidities are needed. Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a metabolite of the amino acid leucine that has been shown to improve lean mass and physical function in the elderly and clinical populations, but had not previously been studied in MHD patients. We performed a double blind, placebo controlled, randomized trial to assess the effects of daily HMB supplementation on co-morbidities in MHD patients. MHD patients were recruited and assigned to either daily supplementation with HMB (n=16) or placebo (n=17) for 6 months. No significant effects of HMB on lean mass, strength, physical function, fall risk, or quality of life were found using an intent-to-treat analysis. However, upon analysis of plasma HMB concentrations, 5 of 16 patients (31%) who completed the study in the HMB group were found to be non-compliant at 3 or 6 months. Therefore, we performed a per-protocol analysis with compliant participants only. Although this analysis was underpowered, we observed a trend for improvements in several physical function tests with HMB supplementation. However, no effects of HMB were observed for lean mass, strength, fall risk, or quality of life. As a whole, these results do not support the efficacy of HMB to attenuate muscle loss and declines in
The Role of Party: The Legislative Consequences of Partisan Electoral Competition

We examine the proposition that incentives for legislative organization can be explained by the nature of electoral competition. We argue that legislators in environments where parties are competitive for majority status are most likely to have delegated power to their leadership to constrain individualistic behavior within their party, which will in turn increase the spatial predictability of individual voting patterns. Using roll call votes and district-level electoral data from the U.S. state legislatures, we show empirically that increased statewide interparty competition corresponds to much more predictable voting behavior overall, while legislators from competitive districts have less predictable behavior.