Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tetracycline residue in fresh and processed Clarias gariepinus from selected fish farms and markets in Ibadan, Nigeria

Tetracycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used extensively to treat infections in both man and animals, however, its abuse could contribute to the emergence of antibioticresistant micro-organisms. This study was conducted to determine the tetracycline residue in Clarias gariepinus from selected fish farms and markets in Ibadan. Pre-tested structured questionnaire was administered to 116 consenting farmers to obtain information on antibiotic usage amongst others in five LGAs of Oyo State. Ten fish farms and two major markets (Sabo and Bodija) were purposively selected based on generated data. One hundred fresh fish, twenty (20) smoked catfish and water samples were tested for tetracycline residue using Elisa Test Kit (Rayto ® SF-510). Tetracycline usage was (69%) compared with erythromycin (25%), enrofloxacin (22.4%), penicillin (25%), sulfamethazole (12.1%) and virginiomycin (6%). Tetracycline residues were detected in both fresh and smoked fish samples. Tetracycline residue was not detectable in 8:3 (16%:30%) samples; 10:5 (20%:50%) samples which had values below Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) of (200ng/ g) in fish muscle, while the remaining 32:2 (64%:20%) samples had values above MRL respectively. The mean residue level of the detectable tetracyclines (236ng/g) was higher than the recommended MRL (200ng/g) in fish muscle. It is therefore established that tetracycline was being used indiscriminately in fish ponds in the area. It is imperative that farmers should be enlightened on proper usage of antibiotics based on prescription and the need to observe withdrawal periods before fish harvesting. Veterinarian and Public Health officers should pay closer attention to ensuring that good management practice and hazard analysis critical control points are maintained in fish production and distribution chain. Keywords: Antibiotic, Elisa Test kit, Maximum residue limit, Withdrawal periods
Pathogenic mechanisms in the initiation and progression of mammary phyllodes tumours

&NA; Mammary phyllodes tumours (PTs) are rare fibroepithelial neoplasms of the breast. They have a propensity to recur locally and the ability to metastasise. There is some correlation between the histological parameters of PTs and their biological behaviour; however, no single feature or grading scheme can accurately predict the behaviour of a PT. The PTs that will recur and/or metastasise are not being precisely delineated with the currently available diagnostic tools. A number of pathways/markers have been implicated in the pathogenesis of PTs including hormone receptors, members of the Wnt pathway, cell cycle proteins, factors involved in angiogenesis, tyrosine kinase receptors and matrix metalloproteases. The currently available evidence supports a model where initiation of PTs involves interactions between the epithelium and stroma and these interactions are lost with the progression to malignancy such that growth of the stroma becomes autonomous of the epithelium. Loss of the stromal‐epithelial interdependancy, increased stromal proliferation, angiogenesis and matrix alterations appear to be involved in the progression to malignancy.
Nanometer‐scale characterization of exceptionally preserved bacterial fossils in Paleocene phosphorites from Ouled Abdoun (Morocco)

Micrometer‐sized spherical and rod‐shaped forms have been reported in many phosphorites and often interpreted as microbes fossilized by apatite, based on their morphologic resemblance with modern bacteria inferred by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. This interpretation supports models involving bacteria in the formation of phosphorites. Here, we studied a phosphatic coprolite of Paleocene age originating from the Ouled Abdoun phosphate basin (Morocco) down to the nanometer‐scale using focused ion beam milling, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning transmission x‐ray microscopy (STXM) coupled with x‐ray absorption near‐edge structure spectroscopy (XANES). The coprolite, exclusively composed of francolite (a carbonate‐fluroapatite), is formed by the accumulation of spherical objects, delimited by a thin envelope, and whose apparent diameters are between 0.5 and 3 μm. The envelope of the spheres is composed of a continuous crown dense to electrons, which measures 20–40 nm in thickness. It is surrounded by two thinner layers that are more porous and transparent to electrons and enriched in organic carbon. The observed spherical objects are very similar with bacteria encrusting in hydroxyapatite as observed in laboratory experiments. We suggest that they are Gram‐negative bacteria fossilized by francolite, the precipitation of which started within the periplasm of the cells. We discuss the role of bacteria in the fossilization mechanism and propose that they could have played an active role in the formation of francolite. This study shows that ancient phosphorites can contain fossil biological subcellular structures as fine as a bacterial periplasm. Moreover, we demonstrate that while morphological information provided by SEM analyses is valuable, the use of additional nanoscale analyses is a powerful approach to help inferring the biogenicity of biomorphs found in phosphorites. A more systematic use of this approach could considerably improve our knowledge and understanding of the microfossils present in the geological record.
Simultaneous Determination of Corporate Governance and Firm Value

This research aims to examine the simultaneous effect of Corporate Governance (CG) and Market Performance (Tobin’s Q). This research also intend to investigate determinant GCG and Tobin’s Q. CG implementation is measured based on the result of an annual survey by Indonesian Institute for Corporate Governance (IICG) which is in The Report of Corporate Governance Performance Index (CGPI). The samples are listed company in Indonesian Stock Exchange which took part the survey by IICG and scored in CGPI from 2008 to 2014. This research uses 40 firm years for sample. Using 2 SLS method, this research found that growth and size have positive influence to corporate governance implementation. This research also found that DER and ROA have positive influence to Tobin's Q. There is no simultaneous result GCG and Tobin’s Q. Tobin’s Q have positive influence to corporate governance but there is no positive impact of GCG implementation to Tobin’s Q.
Taxable REITs Subsidiaries (TRS’s): The Long-Run Performance from REITs with TRS and Non-TRS

Our aim is to explore the long-run performance of those REITs that keeps the same politic to own or not a TRS and compare the results between them. We work with three different periods of study: 2001-2003, 2004-2006 and 2007-2009. The results for the last two periods show that REITs with TRS obtained better performance. Nevertheless, when we explore the entire period of study (2001-2009) our finding shows that both groups obtained positive abnormal returns and the difference between them was just 0.19% (annualized alphas). Throughout this work, irrespective the period of study, we find that between REITs with TRS and REITs with Non-TRS there is evidence of difference in risk factor sensitivities. We conclude that on the long-run the REIT Modernization Act certainly brought modernization to REITs industry and those REITs with TRS were the more beneficiated by the enactment of the RMA at the expense of having the higher percentage of total delisted REITs (60%).
Campylobacter in Denmark: control, human risk and source attribution

In Denmark, the incidence of human campylobacteriosis cases, as well as the Campylobacter prevalence in broiler flocks, is strongly influenced by season with a summer peak in JulyeAugust. Therefore, it was considered that the prevalence of Campylobacter in broiler meat sold at retail in Denmark might also be influenced by season. A retrospective survey analysis was performed on 2001e2007 national surveillance data of the prevalence of thermotolerant Campylobacter in all conventional broiler flocks at slaughter, and in randomly sampled broiler meat at retail. There was a significant effect of season on the occurrence of Campylobacter in meat at retail; the largest effect was found for domestic chilled meat. Thus, the Campylobacter prevalence in Danish broiler flocks, which fluctuated with season, was found to be a strong predictor for the occurrence of Campylobacter in fresh, chilled, Danish broiler meat. However, besides flock prevalence, there was also a direct effect of season on the occurrence of Campylobacter in Danish broiler meat at retail. 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Relation between Personality and Compensatory Health Beliefs and –Behavior Concerning Regular Physical Activity

This study investigated the relation of personality and compensatory health beliefs and behavior concerning regular physical activity. Compensatory health beliefs are beliefs that the negative consequences of an unhealthy behavior can be compensated by engaging in another volitional healthy behavior. The survey consisted of questions dealing with the personality, compensatory health beliefs, compensatory health behaviors and the level of physical activity as well as the physical fitness. A complete mediation effect of compensatory health beliefs between the constructs of compensatory health behavior and physical fitness was found. Moreover, it was found that high neuroticism was a protective factor for the negative effects of CHB on physical fitness. Further research should focus on the relation of personality traits and compensatory health beliefs and behavior to find out how these constructs relate to, and possibly influence each other with the purpose of improving health behavior.
Virtual Collaboration through Distributed Pair Programming

Pair programming is a practice in which two programmers work together at one computer, collaborating on the same design, algorithm, code or test. Studies have shown that pair programmers produce higher quality code in essentially the same amount of time as solo programmers. Additional benefits include increased job satisfaction, improved team communication, and efficient tacit knowledge sharing. However, it may not always be possible for all team members to be collocated due to the rise in teleworking and geographically distributed teams. This paper analyzes the results of two distributed pair programming experiments administered at North Carolina State University. Experiment participants used readily available off-the-shelf applications for collaborative development. The results of the experiments indicate that virtual collaboration by distributed pair programmers is on par with collocated collaboration.
The Protection and Utilization of Tujia Traditional Festival Sports in Wuling Mountain Area

: Under the background of modernization and globalization, tujia traditional festival sports in Wuling mountain area are at high risk of decline and even death. The paper, using such the research methods as literature, field survey, logic analysis and other research methods, in view of the current limitations of protection and utilization mode of tujia traditional holiday sports in Wuling mountain area, further insight into other feasible protection and utilization mode. Research results show that: The protection and utilization of tujia traditional festival sports in Wuling mountain area must respect the original living environment, on the basis of innovation in wuling mountain area tujia traditional festival sports media and develop management pattern, hierarchy, focus on the protection and use of work.
Pharmacodynamic Monitoring of Tacrolimus-Based Immunosuppression in CD14+ Monocytes After Kidney Transplantation

Background: Monocytes significantly contribute to ischemia-reperfusion injury and allograft rejection after kidney transplantation. However, the knowledge about the effects of immunosuppressive drugs on monocyte activation is limited. Conventional pharmacokinetic methods for immunosuppressive drug monitoring are not cell type–specific. In this study, phosphorylation of 3 signaling proteins was measured to determine the pharmacodynamic effects of immunosuppression on monocyte activation in kidney transplant patients. Methods: Blood samples from 20 kidney transplant recipients were monitored before and during the first year after transplantation. All patients received induction therapy with basiliximab, followed by tacrolimus (TAC), mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisolone maintenance therapy. TAC whole-blood predose concentrations were determined using an antibody-conjugated magnetic immunoassay. Samples were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)/ionomycin, and phosphorylation of p38MAPK, ERK, and Akt in CD14+ monocytes was quantified by phospho-specific flow cytometry. Results: Phosphorylation of p38MAPK and Akt in monocytes of immunosuppressed recipients was lower after 360 days compared with before transplantation in the unstimulated samples [mean reduction in median fluorescence intensity 36%; range −28% to 77% for p-p38MAPK and 20%; range −22% to 53% for p-Akt; P < 0.05]. P-ERK was only decreased at day 4 after transplantation (mean inhibition 23%; range −52% to 73%; P < 0.05). At day 4, when the highest whole-blood predose TAC concentrations were measured, p-p38MAPK and p-Akt, but not p-ERK, correlated inversely with TAC (rs = −0.65; P = 0.01 and rs = −0.58; P = 0.03, respectively). Conclusions: Immunosuppressive drug combination therapy partially inhibits monocyte activation pathways after kidney transplantation. This inhibition can be determined by phospho-specific flow cytometry, which enables the assessment of the pharmacodynamic effects of immunosuppressive drugs in a cell type–specific manner.
Effective test strategy for testing automotive software

Electronic content is increasing in automobiles day by day. Functionalities like Air Bags, Anti-lock Braking, Driver Assistance Systems, Body Controllers, Passive entry Passive Start, Electronic Power Steering etc. are realized electronically with complex software. These functionalities are related to automobile system safety. Hence, safety is one of the key issues of future automobile development. Risk of system failure is high due to increasing technological complexity and software content. The software shall be tested well to arrest almost all the defects. This paper explains a test case development and execution strategy based on practical implementation. It explains how test case reduction using Taguchi method, prioritization of test execution and automation help to make testing effective. It also demonstrates how maximum defects are discovered in short time.
Randomized Kaczmarz converges along small singular vectors

Randomized Kaczmarz is a simple iterative method for finding solutions of linear systems $Ax = b$. We point out that the arising sequence $(x_k)_{k=1}^{\infty}$ tends to converge to the solution $x$ in an interesting way: generically, as $k \rightarrow \infty$, $x_k - x$ tends to the singular vector of $A$ corresponding to the smallest singular value. This has interesting consequences: in particular, the error analysis of Strohmer \& Vershynin is optimal. It also quantifies the `pre-convergence' phenomenon where the method initially seems to converge faster. This fact also allows for a fast computation of vectors $x$ for which the Rayleigh quotient $\|Ax\|/\|x\|$ is small: solve $Ax = 0$ via Randomized Kaczmarz.
All Asymptomatic Patients with Carotid Stenosis of 70-80% Should Undergo Surgery or Stenting before Myocardial Revascularization Surgery

Managing patients scheduled for cardiac surgery with significant carotid artery disease is a controversial issue that usually produces very polarized opinions, even in the literature. Discussion focuses on determining if carotid disease, concomitant with the need for coronary artery bypass, is an important etiologic factor for post-surgical stroke, or simply a marker of increased risk of vascular disease. There are different clinical situations and therapeutic alternatives for patients with carotidcoronary artery disease. Carotid artery stenosis can be symptomatic or asymptomatic, unilateral or bilateral, stenotic or occlusive. Furthermore, the treatment can be both conservative and endovascular or open, sequential or simultaneous, and the order can also be changed. In some cases, the evidence is fully established, but unfortunately, in other cases it has to be drawn up according to the patient and the experience of the treating group. Whether or not a consequence of carotid atherosclerosis, coronary artery bypass surgery in the presence of carotid artery disease faces a greater risk of stroke, even when most of the cerebrovascular events are not mechanically associated with carotid artery stenosis. The published reports indicate that cardiac surgery without carotid artery bypass surgery in patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis is associated with high rate of stroke (OR 3.6), and even higher if stenosis is > 50% (OR 4.3, CI 95%, 3.2-5.7). Internationally, morbidity and mortality of combined surgery is close to 10%. By contrast, separately, cardiac surgery in the presence of severe symptomatic carotid disease shows a 2-22% rate of stroke, while carotid surgery in the presence of severe or unstable coronary artery disease has a rate of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) that may reach 40%. For that reason, the AHA/ASA consensus recommends (Class IIa recommendation) carotid artery bypass (carotid endarterectomy [CE] or carotid angioplasty and stenting [CAS] and brain protection system) for those patients with stenosis > 80%, provided they
Two homologous zinc finger genes identified by multicopy suppression in a SNF1 protein kinase mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The MSN2 gene was selected as a multicopy suppressor in a temperature-sensitive SNF1 protein kinase mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MSN2 encodes a Cys2His2 zinc finger protein related to the yeast MIG1 repressor and to mammalian early growth response and Wilms' tumor zinc finger proteins. Deletion of MSN2 caused no phenotype. A second similar zinc finger gene, MSN4, was isolated, and deletion of both genes caused phenotypic defects related to carbon utilization. Overexpression of the zinc finger regions was deleterious to growth. LexA-MSN2 and LexA-MSN4 fusion proteins functioned as strong transcriptional activators when bound to DNA. Functional roles of this zinc finger protein family are discussed.
Axon Regeneration Is Regulated by Ets–C/EBP Transcription Complexes Generated by Activation of the cAMP/Ca2+ Signaling Pathways

The ability of specific neurons to regenerate their axons after injury is governed by cell-intrinsic regeneration pathways. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the JNK and p38 MAPK pathways are important for axon regeneration. Axonal injury induces expression of the svh-2 gene encoding a receptor tyrosine kinase, stimulation of which by the SVH-1 growth factor leads to activation of the JNK pathway. Here, we identify ETS-4 and CEBP-1, related to mammalian Ets and C/EBP, respectively, as transcriptional activators of svh-2 expression following axon injury. ETS-4 and CEBP-1 function downstream of the cAMP and Ca2+–p38 MAPK pathways, respectively. We show that PKA-dependent phosphorylation of ETS-4 promotes its complex formation with CEBP-1. Furthermore, activation of both cAMP and Ca2+ signaling is required for activation of svh-2 expression. Thus, the cAMP/Ca2+ signaling pathways cooperatively activate the JNK pathway, which then promotes axon regeneration.
Contribution of CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 to the formation of the active nortilidine from the prodrug tilidine.

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT The analgesic activity of tilidine is mediated by its active metabolite, nortilidine, which easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier and binds to the µ-opioid receptor as a potent agonist. Tilidine undergoes an extensive first-pass metabolism, which has been suggested to be mediated by CYP3A4 and CYP2C19; furthermore, strong inhibition of CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 by voriconazole increased exposure of nortilidine, probably by inhibition of further metabolism. The novel CYP2C19 gene variant CYP2C19*17 causes ultrarapid drug metabolism, in contrast to the *2 and *3 variants, which result in impaired drug metabolism. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS Using a panel study with CYP2C19 ultrarapid and poor metabolizers, a major contribution of polymorphic CYP2C19 on tilidine metabolic elimination can be excluded. The potent CYP3A4 inhibitor ritonavir alters the sequential metabolism of tilidine, substantially reducing the partial metabolic clearances of tilidine to nortilidine and nortilidine to bisnortilidine, which increases the nortilidine exposure twofold. The lowest clearance in overall tilidine elimination is the N-demethylation of nortilidine to bisnortilidine. Inhibition of this step leads to accumulation of the active nortilidine. AIMS To investigate in vivo the effect of the CYP2C19 genotype on the pharmacokinetics of tilidine and the contribution of CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 to the formation of nortilidine using potent CYP3A4 inhibition by ritonavir. METHODS Fourteen healthy volunteers (seven CYP2C19 poor and seven ultrarapid metabolizers) received ritonavir orally (300 mg twice daily) for 3 days or placebo, together with a single oral dose of tilidine and naloxone (100 mg and 4 mg, respectively). Blood samples and urine were collected for 72 h. Noncompartmental analysis was performed to determine pharmacokinetic parameters of tilidine, nortilidine, bisnortilidine and ritonavir. RESULTS Tilidine exposure increased sevenfold and terminal elimination half-life fivefold during ritonavir treatment, but no significant differences were observed between the CYP2C19 genotypes. During ritonavir treatment, nortilidine area under the concentration-time curve was on average doubled, with no differences between CYP2C19 poor metabolizers [2242 h ng ml(-1) (95% confidence interval 1811-2674) vs. 996 h ng ml(-1) (95% confidence interval 872-1119)] and ultrarapid metabolizers [2074 h ng ml(-1) (95% confidence interval 1353-2795) vs. 1059 h ng ml(-1) (95% confidence interval 789-1330)]. The plasma concentration-time curve of the secondary metabolite, bisnortilidine, showed a threefold increase of time to reach maximal observed plasma concentration; however, area under the concentration-time curve was not altered by ritonavir. CONCLUSIONS The sequential metabolism of tilidine is inhibited by the potent CYP3A4 inhibitor, ritonavir, independent of the CYP2C19 genotype, with a twofold increase in the exposure of the active nortilidine.
Monitoring Evolving Stock Networks

The existence of interactions between stocks to each other is a well known fact (Lee and Djauhari, 2012). This means that fluctuations of a stock price might be influenced by the behaviour of other stocks in the market. As pairs of stocks are correlated, these correlations can be used to construct a network. In this work we describe a method (MESN Monitoring Evolving Stock Networks) to study stock market dynamics. This method is inspired in Social Network Analysis (SNA). SNA provides techniques to quantify the influence and importance of a vertex and to detect communities. The metrics and techniques provided by SNA were used in a stock networks context. The method MESN purposes a temporal analysis by constructing several networks that correspond to different periods of time. It provides a technique to study the evolution of the influence and importance of a stock through the networks, and a technique to study the evolution of communities. We applied MESN to data collected for U.S. stocks for the year 2014. The results were analysed, and a discussion of how they can help an investor in his decision making process is presented.