Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Competition and niche separation of pelagic bacteria in freshwater habitats

Summary Freshwater bacterioplankton assemblages are composed of sympatric populations that can be delineated, for example, by ribosomal RNA gene relatedness and that differ in key ecophysiological properties. They may be free‐living or attached, specialized for particular concentrations or subsets of substrates, or invest a variable amount of their resources in defence traits against protistan predators and viruses. Some may be motile and tactic whereas others are not, with far‐reaching implications for their respective life styles and niche partitioning. The co‐occurrence of competitors with overlapping growth requirements has profound consequences for the stability of community functions; it can to some extent be explained by habitat factors such as the microscale complexity and spatiotemporal variability of the lacustrine environments. On the other hand, the composition and diversity of freshwater microbial assemblages also reflects non‐equilibrium states, dispersal and the stochasticity of community assembly processes. This review synoptically discusses the competition and niche separation of heterotrophic bacterial populations (defined at various levels of phylogenetic resolution) in the pelagic zone of inland surface waters from a variety of angles, focusing on habitat heterogeneity and the resulting biogeographic distribution patterns, the ecophysiological adaptations to the substrate field and the interactions of prokaryotes with predators and viruses.
Conspiracy theories as part of history: The role of societal crisis situations

In the present contribution, we examine the link between societal crisis situations and belief in conspiracy theories. Contrary to common assumptions, belief in conspiracy theories has been prevalent throughout human history. We first illustrate historical incidents suggesting that societal crisis situations—defined as impactful and rapid societal change that calls established power structures, norms of conduct, or even the existence of specific people or groups into question—have stimulated belief in conspiracy theories. We then review the psychological literature to explain why this is the case. Evidence suggests that the aversive feelings that people experience when in crisis—fear, uncertainty, and the feeling of being out of control—stimulate a motivation to make sense of the situation, increasing the likelihood of perceiving conspiracies in social situations. We then explain that after being formed, conspiracy theories can become historical narratives that may spread through cultural transmission. We conclude that conspiracy theories originate particularly in crisis situations and may form the basis for how people subsequently remember and mentally represent a historical event.
Layout-induced stress effects in 14nm & 10nm FinFETs and their impact on performance

The ever increasing stress engineering raises a major concern of strong layout-dependent effects (LDE) in the advanced technology nodes. We report on the dependency of SiGe S/D and STI induced stress on fin length, position of the gate along the fin and fin to fin distances. The efficiency of epitaxial S/D SiGe stressors is reduced when the fin length is decreased and strongly degraded for fins with a single gate regardless of the SiGe depth, resulting in up to 21% performance degradation at ring oscillator level. Although tensile STI improves the NFETs mobility, the use of compressive STI guarantees a constant mobility ratio and limits the performance variation with layout.
Maternal Depression Effects on Infant Frontal Eeg Asymmetry

In the space of two decades, research has moved from documenting the associations between frontal EEG asymmetry profiles and positive/negative affect, to later reinterpreting these as approach/withdrawal behavior patterns, to documenting individual differences in relationships between EEG and temperament and inhibition/uninhibition. The research has associated greater relative right frontal EEG activation with depression in adults and in depressed women and their infants. Stability of these EEG profiles has been noted from the neonatal stage to early infancy to the preschool years. More recent research assessed mood induction and physical intervention effects on these EEG activation patterns as well as their associated biochemistry and behavior.
A new modeling method in feature construction for the HSQC spectra screening problem

MOTIVATION Large-scale biological analyses produce huge amounts of data. As a consequence, automation in the data analysis process is needed. Sample screening problems in NMR high-throughput protein structure analysis are the typical examples. Especially, screening by protein (1)H-(15)N heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra must be done quantitatively by a human expert. One popular solution for this problem is data mining. Machine learning methods can automatically extract rules and achieve high accuracy in prediction when a good quality training dataset is prepared. However, they tend to be a black box and the learned machines suffer the risk of overfitting to the dataset. RESULTS We propose a model which evaluates HSQC spectra for feature construction. The model calculates similarity between the measured chemical shifts and those of a random coil peak model. We applied our feature construction method for the machine learning discrimination of folded protein HSQC spectra from unfolded ones, and compared our model-based features with those of conventional sequence-based features and image recognition features. The results revealed that our method has sufficient discrimination power and less overfits on training data, as compared to the other methods. In addition, our method succeeded reduction of input data complexity towards further investigation. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Widening disparity in survival between white and African‐American patients with breast carcinoma treated in the U. S. Department of Defense Healthcare system

In the U. S. , age‐adjusted breast carcinoma mortality rates among white and African‐American women have been diverging during the last 20 years. Some investigators speculate that the widening disparity is due to inequalities in access to healthcare, with African Americans having less access to necessary healthcare and improved therapies. Others argue that differences in tumor biology or some extrinsic influences on cancer etiology and behavior may account for the widening disparity. To examine this issue further, the authors compared trends in survival among white and African‐American women diagnosed with breast carcinoma in the U. S. Department of Defense (DoD), an equal access healthcare system.
Parental and practitioner perspectives on raising an adolescent with a disability: a focus group study

Abstract Purpose: To examine the challenges faced by parents of teenagers with a disability to determine the need for a tailored parenting program for this population. Method: Focus groups were conducted with six parents and nine practitioners with experience supporting parents of teenagers with a disability. Results: An inductive thematic analysis revealed close agreement between parents and practitioners and eight understandable and relevant themes. The results indicated that parents have difficulty planning and facilitating transitions for their adolescent children, managing behavioural problems due to these problems being unique to this developmental period and because some of the parenting strategies that were useful when their children were younger were no longer applicable. High levels of stress and feelings of grief were also described. Conclusions: These results suggest that parents of adolescents with a developmental disability could benefit from a parenting program and that an existing evidence-based parenting program should be modified. Implications for program design for this population are discussed. Implications for Rehabilitation Parents have difficulty supporting their teenagers’ behaviour. Some parenting strategies that were useful for young children are no longer applicable. Parents may benefit from a parenting program tailored for teenagers.
Mechanisms of tissue injury by oxygen radicals: implications for neonatal disease

A role of the oxygen radical generating system hypoxanthine‐xanthine oxidase in hypoxia‐reoxygenation injury was proposed 15 years ago. In recent years, however, new understanding of hypoxia‐reoxygenation injury has been achieved and the significance of other oxygen radical generating systems has been acknowledged too. The hypothesis that an oxygen radical disease exists in preterm infants has recently been strengthened; an important observation is that preterm infants have lower activities of erythrocyte Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase compared to term babies. New actions of oxygen radicals have also been emphasized, and recently it has been demonstrated that the degree of protein oxidation of the lung of newborn infants is associated with chronic lung injury. The new insight into the interaction of oxygen radicals with other systems as excitatory amino acids and the NO system also increases the possibility to understand and hence prevent oxygen radical injury in the preterm infant as well as in adults exposed to an increased load of oxygen radicals.
Time-Resolved Optical Mammography and Its Preliminary Clinical Results

We have been developing an optical mammography prototype consisting of a multi-channel time-resolved spectroscopy system for breast cancer screening. The system utilizes the time-correlated single photon counting method, and the detector modules and the signal processing circuits were custom-made to obtain a high signal to noise ratio and high temperature stability with a high temporal resolution. Pulsed light generated by a Ti: Sapphire laser was irradiated to the breast, and the transmitted light was collected by optical fibers placed on the surface of a hemispherical gantry filled with an optical matching fluid. To reconstruct a 3D image of the breast, we employed a method using a time-resolved photon path distribution based on the assumption that scattering and absorption are independent of each other. We verified the possibility of human breast imaging by using a three-dimensional phantom model, which provides a simulation of human breast cancer, in the gantry. The clinical study was also started in January 2007. In a comparative study with conventional modalities, the breast cancers were detected as regions of optically higher absorption. Moreover, the results suggest that optical mammography is useful in monitoring the effects of chemotherapy.
The Effect of Index Futures Contracts on Indices in Futures Markets

The floating exchange rate system has caused both interest rate and exchange rate risk. This situation required companies to focus on risk management. Measuring and managing risk has come to the fore. At this point, the person responsible for the finance of a firm must know how to use the derivatives and how they will be priced. Today, the importance of futures markets is very huge. The period in which they affect the spot market may also change in the country-based period. The aim of the study from developing countries like Turkey, India, Brazil and China, to examine the impact of the spot market on futures markets. In this context, the daily closing values of the mentioned markets and the end-of-day settlement prices of the futures contracts are used. Stability of series was examined in country basis, and the appropriate delay lengths were determined by establishing VAR model. In addition, the existence of any long term relation has been examined by using the Johansen cointegration test and the status of the relationship is determined by applying the Granger causality test. As a result, it has been determined that in India and China, the future markets have a positive effect on spot market whereas in Turkey and Brazil they have no effect. Keywords : Johansen Cointegration Test, Granger Causality, Futures market, Quantitive study, BIST30 DOI : 10.7176/JSTR/5-2-29
Plant species richness, identity and productivity differentially influence key groups of microbes in grassland soils of contrasting fertility

The abundance of microbes in soil is thought to be strongly influenced by plant productivity rather than by plant species richness per se. However, whether this holds true for different microbial groups and under different soil conditions is unresolved. We tested how plant species richness, identity and biomass influence the abundances of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), saprophytic bacteria and fungi, and actinomycetes, in model plant communities in soil of low and high fertility using phospholipid fatty acid analysis. Abundances of saprophytic fungi and bacteria were driven by larger plant biomass in high diversity treatments. In contrast, increased AMF abundance with larger plant species richness was not explained by plant biomass, but responded to plant species identity and was stimulated by Anthoxantum odoratum. Our results indicate that the abundance of saprophytic soil microbes is influenced more by resource quantity, as driven by plant production, while AMF respond more strongly to resource composition, driven by variation in plant species richness and identity. This suggests that AMF abundance in soil is more sensitive to changes in plant species diversity per se and plant species composition than are abundances of saprophytic microbes.
The Influence of Land Use Intensity on the Plant-Associated Microbiome of Dactylis glomerata L.

In this study, we investigated the impact of different land use intensities (LUI) on the root-associated microbiome of Dactylis glomerata (orchardgrass). For this purpose, eight sampling sites with different land use intensity levels but comparable soil properties were selected in the southwest of Germany. Experimental plots covered land use levels from natural grassland up to intensively managed meadows. We used 16S rRNA gene based barcoding to assess the plant-associated community structure in the endosphere, rhizosphere and bulk soil of D. glomerata. Samples were taken at the reproductive stage of the plant in early summer. Our data indicated that roots harbor a distinct bacterial community, which clearly differed from the microbiome of the rhizosphere and bulk soil. Our results revealed Pseudomonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae and Comamonadaceae as the most abundant endophytes independently of land use intensity. Rhizosphere and bulk soil were dominated also by Proteobacteria, but the most abundant families differed from those obtained from root samples. In the soil, the effect of land use intensity was more pronounced compared to root endophytes leading to a clearly distinct pattern of bacterial communities under different LUI from rhizosphere and bulk soil vs. endophytes. Overall, a change of community structure on the plant–soil interface was observed, as the number of shared OTUs between all three compartments investigated increased with decreasing land use intensity. Thus, our findings suggest a stronger interaction of the plant with its surrounding soil under low land use intensity. Furthermore, the amount and quality of available nitrogen was identified as a major driver for shifts in the microbiome structure in all compartments.
“Human Rights for the Righteous Humans”: The influence of Brazilian Conservatism on the national perception of human rights

In the past years Brazil has been through innumerous corruption scandals and increasing political polarization, which has led to the impeachment of a president and a serious economic crisis. However, these are not the only consequences generated by the clash between the left and the right wing in the country. In right wing populist discourse, human rights have been systematically identified with the political left – as this is captured in the popular conservative saying “Direitos Humanos para Humanos Direitos” (Human Rights for the Righteous Humans), meaning that the fundamental purpose of human rights is the protection of outlaws and the perpetuation of the weakness of that state that has to treat all individuals equally. For the Brazilian far right, human rights are a synonym of exaggerated and harmful “political correctness. ” The aim of this paper is to understand how and why the term has become pejorative for a whole political segment, and what its effects are on Brazilian national and foreign policy regarding the human rights agenda.
The vaccine and cervical cancer screen (VACCS) project: acceptance of human papillomavirus vaccination in a school-based programme in two provinces of South Africa.

BACKGROUND The incidence of cervical cancer in South Africa (SA) remains high, and the current screening programme has had limited success. New approaches to prevention and screening tactics are needed. OBJECTIVES To investigate acceptance of school-based human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, as well as the information provided, methods of obtaining consent and assent, and completion rates achieved. METHODS Information on cervical cancer and HPV vaccination was provided to 19 primary schools in Western Cape and Gauteng provinces participating in the study. Girls with parental consent and child assent were vaccinated during school hours at their schools. RESULTS A total of 3 465 girls were invited to receive HPV vaccine, of whom 2 046 provided written parental consent as well as child assent. At least one dose of vaccine was delivered to 2 030 girls (99.2% of the consented cohort), while a total of 1 782 girls received all three doses. Sufficient vaccination was achieved in 91.6% of the vaccinated cohort. Of all invited girls, 56.9% in Gauteng and 50.7% in the Western Cape were sufficiently vaccinated. CONCLUSION This implementation project demonstrated that HPV vaccination is practical and safe in SA schools. Political and community acceptance was good, and positive attitudes towards vaccination were encountered. During the study, which mimicked a governmental vaccine roll-out programme, high completion rates were achieved in spite of several challenges encountered.
Time perspective in socioeconomic inequalities in smoking and body mass index.

OBJECTIVE To determine if time perspective plays a mediating role in the relationship between socio-economic position (SEP) and both smoking and body mass index (BMI). DESIGN 2000 adults aged 18 years and over were randomly selected from the edited electoral register for the city of Newcastle upon Tyne, England and sent a postal questionnaire. Two reminders were sent. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Socio-economic position was measured using the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) of the area of residence. Time perspective was measured using the Consideration of Future Consequences Scale (CFCS). Smoking and BMI were self-reported. RESULTS Full data was available for 804 individuals (response rate: 40.2%). After controlling for age, gender and health status, IMD was significantly associated with BMI, smoking status and CFCS score (p < .001), and CFCS score was significantly associated with BMI (p < .001), but not smoking status. There was evidence that CFCS score played a partial mediating role in the relationship between IMD and BMI but not that between IMD and smoking status. CONCLUSION Further longitudinal work is required to confirm the mediating role of time perspective in socio-economic inequalities in BMI. Interventions tailored to individuals time perspective may be effective in reducing obesity and socio-economic inequalities in obesity.
Perlindungan Merek Bagi Pemegang Hak Merek Ditinjau dari Undang-undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2001 Tentang Merek

Setiap mereka menampilkan wujud reputasi yang bernilai moral, material, dan komersial. Reputasi yang melekat pada mereka merupakan suatu bentuk hak milik. Reputasi dalam dunia USAha yang dipandang sebagai kunci bagi sukses atau tidaknya suatu bisnis, khusus mengenai pelanggaran merek dari tahun ketahun makin meninngkat dan tidak dapat dibendung lagi oleh aturan-aturan yang ada. Agar hal-hal tersebut tidak terjadi, tentunya diperlukan perlindungan khusus terhadap karya hakcipta yang berupa Merek.Beberapa permsalahan yang diangkat dalam penulisan skripsi ini ialah upaya penyelesaian sengketa bagi pelanggaran pemegang hak merek dan perlindungan hukum bagi pemegang hak merek menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2001 tentang Merek. Adapun tujuan dari penulisan skripsi ini ialah unntuk mengetahui sebuah upaya penyelesaian sengketa bagi pelanggaran hak merek dan untuk mengetahui lebih jauh pentingnya perlindungan hukum terhadap hak merek.
Oxygen free radical-mediated selective endothelial dysfunction in isolated coronary artery.

To understand the direct involvement of free radicals causing reduction in endothelium-dependent relaxation of isolated canine coronary ring preparations, this study was undertaken to examine the effect of free radicals generated from dihydroxy fumarate (DHF) plus Fe(3+)-ADP or from H2O2 plus FeSO4. The vasodilators (acetylcholine, bradykinin, A23187, and nitroglycerin) were given after DHF/Fe(3+)-ADP or H2O2/FeSO4 was removed from the organ chamber. The earlier DHF/Fe(3+)-ADP exposure produced an attenuation of the relaxation of the rings induced by acetylcholine, bradykinin, or A23187 but not of the relaxation induced by nitroglycerin. The observed effect of previous DHF/Fe(3+)-ADP exposure was significantly protected in the vessels isolated from the dogs treated with alpha-tocopherol. In the experiments for assessing the effect of various scavengers, 1O2 scavenger histidine or iron chelator deferoxamine effectively protected the attenuation induced by DHF/Fe(3+)-ADP exposure of the relaxation elicited by acetylcholine; superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) had no effect on this system. Furthermore, the relaxation elicited by acetylcholine, but not nitroglycerin, was significantly attenuated by the earlier exposure to . OH generated by Fenton's reagent (H2O2+FeSO4); the attenuation was significantly protected by DMSO. These results are consistent with the view that . OH, 1O2, and/or iron-dependent reactive species selectively damage endothelium-dependent relaxation as opposed to endothelium-independent relaxation in endothelium-intact coronary ring preparations. It is also postulated that lipid peroxidation may be responsible for this effect.
Central Bank Credibility and Monetary Policy

A numerical measure of central bank credibility, which can be incorporated into a New Keynesian model under bounded rationality, is proposed and analyzed. This measure arises mainly due to the existence of the drifts in private long-term predictions, which are different from those of the central bank. It is shown that central bank credibility matters for macroeconomic stability. As the credibility increases, macroeconomic variables vary less. This generates endogenous volatility changes. Lastly, the magnitude of response of inflation to monetary policy depends on the level of credibility. This suggests that ignoring credibility changes might leads to overestimate of the cost of disinflation.
The Barthel Activities of Daily Living Index: Self‐Reporting Versus Actual Performance in the Old‐Old (≥ 75 years)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The Barthel Index for assessing activities of daily living (ADL) was developed particularly for young stroke patients, but it now has a wider application in the geriatric assessment profile. This study tests the validity of the Barthel Index by self‐report in the old‐old (≥ 75 years). If more than 10% of the studied population assessed themselves incorrectly (≥ 15‐point discrepancy), the test may have limitations. We set out to try to quantify and explain this discrepancy.