Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Assessment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)-Specific Gamma Interferon Responses during the First Year of Life in HIV-1-Infected Infants

ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection results in different patterns of viral replication in pediatric compared to adult populations. The role of early HIV-1-specific responses in viral control has not been well defined, because most studies of HIV-1-infected infants have been retrospective or cross-sectional. We evaluated the association between HIV-1-specific gamma interferon (IFN-γ) release from the cells of infants of 1 to 3 months of age and peak viral loads and mortality in the first year of life among 61 Kenyan HIV-1-infected infants. At 1 month, responses were detected in 7/12 (58%) and 6/21 (29%) of infants infected in utero and peripartum, respectively (P = 0.09), and in ∼50% of infants thereafter. Peaks of HIV-specific spot-forming units (SFU) increased significantly with age in all infants, from 251/106 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) at 1 month of age to 501/106 PBMC at 12 months of age (P = 0.03), although when limited to infants who survived to 1 year, the increase in peak HIV-specific SFU was no longer significant (P = 0.18). Over the first year of life, infants with IFN-γ responses at 1 month had peak plasma viral loads, rates of decline of viral load, and mortality risk similar to those of infants who lacked responses at 1 month. The strength and breadth of IFN-γ responses at 1 month were not significantly associated with viral containment or mortality. These results suggest that, in contrast to HIV-1-infected adults, in whom strong cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in primary infection are associated with reductions in viremia, HIV-1-infected neonates generate HIV-1-specific CD8+-T-cell responses early in life that are not clearly associated with improved clinical outcomes.
Partial protection? The regulation of home care workers’ working conditions

This chapter aims to contribute to better understandings of the gendered regulatory context within which the remuneration and working conditions for home care work are negotiated and determined. Focusing on the Australian case, it highlights a dynamic process of formalization and informalization of employment standards in home care work. The chapter analyses both the incomplete process of formalization in respect to home care work until the late 1990s, and the more patchy process of informalization since that time, driven as much by outsourcing and government funding models as by changes in labour regulation.
k-Nearest Neighbours classification based Sybil attack detection in Vehicular networks

In Vehicular networks, privacy, especially the vehicles' location privacy is highly concerned. Several pseudonymous based privacy protection mechanisms have been established and standardized in the past few years by IEEE and ETSI. However, vehicular networks are still vulnerable to Sybil attack. In this paper, a Sybil attack detection method based on k-Nearest Neighbours (kNN) classification algorithm is proposed. In this method, vehicles are classified based on the similarity in their driving patterns. Furthermore, the kNN methods' high runtime complexity issue is also optimized. The simulation results show that our detection method can reach a high detection rate while keeping error rate low.
An Integrated Logic Circuit Assembled on a Single Carbon Nanotube

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been shown to exhibit excellent electrical properties, such as ballistic transport over several hundred nanometers at room temperature. Field-effect transistors (FETs) made from individual tubes show dc performance specifications rivaling those of state-of-the-art silicon devices. An important next step is the fabrication of integrated circuits on SWCNTs to study the high-frequency ac capabilities of SWCNTs. We built a five-stage ring oscillator that comprises, in total, 12 FETs side by side along the length of an individual carbon nanotube. A complementary metal-oxide semiconductor‐type architecture was achieved by adjusting the gate work functions of the individual p-type and n-type FETs used.
Effect of a Single-Piece and a Three-Piece Acrylic Sharp-Edged IOL on Posterior Capsule Opacification

Background: To compare the intensity of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) between two intraocular lenses (IOLs) of the same optic material, but with different haptic design (1-piece vs. 3-piece). Methods: This prospective intraindividual controlled cohort study comprised eighty eyes of 40 patients with bilateral age-related cataract. Each patient received a Polylens Y10 (Polytech, Germany) 1-piece IOL in 1 eye and a Polylens Y30 (Polytech, Germany) 3-piece IOL in the contralateral eye. The IOL type in the first operated eye was randomly assigned before patient recruitment. Digital slitlamp photographs were taken 1 year postoperatively using a standardized photographic technique for regeneratory PCO. The amount of PCO was assessed subjectively at the slitlamp and objectively using automated image-analysis software. Results: The Polylens Y10 (1-piece) group showed significantly higher regeneratory and fibrotic PCO scores 1 year after surgery in subjective slitlamp evaluation, however not with objective evaluation using automated image-analysis software. Subjective PCO assessment resulted in a mean PCO score (scale = 0–10) of 1.6 in the Polylens Y10 group and 0.6 in the Polylens Y30 group at 1 year (p < 0.05). The mean automated image-analysis software PCO score was 1.5 in the Polylens Y10 group and 0.9 in the Polylens Y30 group (p = 0.6). Conclusion: Both investigated IOLs showed good clinical performance regarding PCO, BCVA and IOL-centration. The Polylens Y10 IOL showed slightly more regeneratory PCO than the 3-piece acrylic IOL 1 year after surgery.
Developing Core Sets for Persons Following Amputation Based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health as a Way to Specify Functioning

Amputation is a common late stage sequel of peripheral vascular disease and diabetes or a sequel of accidental trauma, civil unrest and landmines. The functional impairments affect many facets of life including but not limited to: Mobility; activities of daily living; body image and sexuality. Classification, measurement and comparison of the consequences of amputations has been impeded by the limited availability of internationally, multiculturally standardized instruments in the amputee setting. The introduction of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) by the World Health Assembly in May 2001 provides a globally accepted framework and classification system to describe, assess and compare function and disability. In order to facilitate the use of the ICF in everyday clinical practice and research, ICF core sets have been developed that focus on specific aspects of function typically associated with a particular disability. The objective of this paper is to outline the development process for the ICF core sets for persons following amputation. The ICF core sets are designed to translate the benefits of the ICF into clinical routine. The ICF core sets will be defined at a Consensus conference which will integrate evidence from preparatory studies, namely: (a) a systematic literature review regarding the outcome measures of clinical trails and observational studies, (b) semi-structured patient interviews, (c) international experts participating in an internet-based survey, and (d) cross-sectional, multi-center studies for clinical applicability. To validate the ICF core sets field-testing will follow. Invitation for participation: The development of ICF Core Sets is an inclusive and open process. Anyone who wishes to actively participate in this process is invited to do so.
Calcitonin gene‐related peptide desensitizes skeletal muscle arterioles to substance P in vivo

Calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) was tested for possible interactions with the effects of substance P on rabbit skeletal muscle arterioles in vivo. Both CGRP and substance P dose‐dependently increased arteriolar diameter. However, pretreatment with CGRP made the arterioles insensitive to substance P, and also prevented the formation of aggregates of leukocytes and platelets normally seen after substance P. These results suggest that CGRP, in addition to its direct effects, may act as a modulator of the effects of substance P in neurogenic inflammation.
ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING FROM A MULTI-LAYERED SURFACE WITH LOSSY INHOMOGENEOUS DIELECTRIC PROFILES FOR REMOTE SENSING OF

A multilayered backscattering model for a lossy medium has been presented in this paper. This multilayered model has been used to calculate the total surface reflection coefficients of a snow pack for both horizontal and vertical co-polarizations. The total surface reflection coefficients include contributions from both surface and volumetric backscattering. The backscattering coefficients calculated by this model were compared with in situ measurements on dry and wet snow. Results show that good agreements are obtained between the model and measurements for the co-polarization modes, especially for the snow with less liquid water content.
Patent Co-Authorship Network Analysis CS 224 W Final Report

This project aims to model the h-index of a firm as a function of several properties of the owning organization’s patent co-authorship and citation networks. Studies have shown that the number of forward citations a patent receives strongly correlate with its market value [3], which is of great interest to potential investors. Unfortunately, future number of forward citations of particularly high-value patents can be difficult to predict, due to effects such as first mover advantage [7]. Therefore, instead of attempting to directly predict number of forward citations, we propose to predict h-index, a statistic derived from forward citations instead [4]. Additionally, while most previous studies examine only characteristics of patent citation networks as forecasters, we propose to use patent co-authorship networks. These can be generated with publicly available data from the US Patent and Trade Office (USPTO) database. Our hypothesis is that the underlying organization responsible for generating the patent is a strong predictor for future productivity. Because we wish to examine if the features of the underlying organization directly contribute to a high h-index, the interpretability of our model is a top priority.
Amyloid‐β Deposition in Alzheimer Transgenic Mice Is Associated with Oxidative Stress

Abstract: Increased awareness for a role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease has highlighted the issue of whether oxidative damage is a fundamental step in the pathogenesis or instead results from disease‐associated pathology. In vitro experiments support both possibilities: Oxidative stress increases amyloid‐β production, and, conversely, amyloid‐β increases oxidative damage. To address the relationship between amyloid‐β and oxidative stress in vivo, we examined, using an array of oxidative markers, transgenic mice that overexpress amyloid‐β precursor protein and, as in Alzheimer's disease, develop characteristic amyloid‐β deposits within the brain parenchyma. Transgenic animals show the same type of oxidative damage that is found in Alzheimer's disease, and it is important that this damage directly correlates with the presence of amyloid‐β deposits. The significance of these studies is twofold. First, they provide evidence that amyloid‐β and oxidative damage are inextricably linked in vivo. Second, they support the use of transgenic animals for the development of antioxidant therapeutic strategies.
Inhibition of type I interferon induction and signalling by mosquito‐borne flaviviruses

The Flavivirus genus (Flaviviridae family) contains a number of important human pathogens, including dengue and Zika viruses, which have the potential to cause severe disease. In order to efficiently establish a productive infection in mammalian cells, flaviviruses have developed key strategies to counteract host immune defences, including the type I interferon response. They employ different mechanisms to control interferon signal transduction and effector pathways, and key research generated over the past couple of decades has uncovered new insights into their abilities to actively decrease interferon antiviral activity. Given the lack of antivirals or prophylactic treatments for many flaviviral infections, it is important to fully understand how these viruses affect cellular processes to influence pathogenesis and disease outcome. This review will discuss the strategies mosquito‐borne flaviviruses have evolved to antagonise type I interferon mediated immune responses.
A New Channel for Image Hiding Based on Interpolating polynomials

More and more sensitive image data is generated and transmitted over the Internet. To protect them, a new image hiding scheme is proposed in this paper. The proposed scheme is based on steganography, the principle of human visibility, and interpolating polynomials. The scheme assumes the capacity of a cover image to its hypothetic upper bound size of a cover image in the general image hiding schemes. Moreover, the scheme introduces MSB channel of image hiding over which we can transmit secret information of text type.
Novel Peptides of Therapeutic Promise from Indian Conidae

Highly structured small peptides are the major toxic constituents of the venom of cone snails, a family of widely distributed predatory marine molluscs. These animals use the venom for rapid prey immobilization. The peptide components in the venom target a wide variety of membrane‐bound ion channels and receptors. Many have been found to be highly selective for a diverse range of mammalian ion channels and receptors associated with pain‐signaling pathways. Their small size, structural stability, and target specificity make them attractive pharmacologic agents. A select number of laboratories mainly from the United States, Europe, Australia, Israel, and China have been engaged in intense drug discovery programs based on peptides from a few snail species. Coastal India has an estimated 20–30% of the known cone species; however, few serious studies have been reported so far. We have begun a comprehensive program for the identification and characterization of peptides from cone snails found in Indian Coastal waters. This presentation reviews our progress over the last 2 years. As expected from the evolutionary history of these venom components, our search has yielded novel peptides of therapeutic promise from the new species that we have studied.
Review article: the human intestinal virome in health and disease

The human virome consists of animal‐cell viruses causing transient infections, bacteriophage (phage) predators of bacteria and archaea, endogenous retroviruses and viruses causing persistent and latent infections. High‐throughput, inexpensive, sensitive sequencing methods and metagenomics now make it possible to study the contribution dsDNA, ssDNA and RNA virus‐like particles make to the human virome, and in particular the intestinal virome.
ANALISIS PENGARUH RETURN ON ASSETS (ROA), LOAN TO DEPOSIT RATIO (LDR), DAN NON PERFORMING LOAN (NPL) TERHADAP PRICE EARNING RATIO (PER) PADA BANK UMUM YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE TAHUN 2011 - 2014

ABSTRAK This research was conducted to examine the effect of Return On Assets (ROA), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), and Non-Performing Loans (NPL) to Price Earning Ratio (PER). The research sample was taken from 23 commercial banks listed company in Indonesia Stock Exchange that have gone through a screening process to obtain a representative sample in accordance with the criteria of samples or known by purposive sampling method. Methods of data analysis used in this study is the method of analysis using Eviews 7.1 Panel Data. These results indicate partial ROA has a negative and significant effect on the PER of 49.72%, LDR has no real effect, and no significant effect on the PER, NPL has a real and significant effect on the PER of 38.40%. While simultaneously PER, LDR , and NPL together (simultaneously ) had no significant effect on the PER Kata Kunci: Return On Assets, Loan to Deposit Ratio, Non Performing Loan, Price Earning Ratio, Purposive Sampling, Eviews
Building a Diabetes Screening Population Data Repository Using Electronic Medical Records

There has been a rapid advancement of information technology in the area of clinical and population health data management since 2000. However, with the fast growth of electronic medical records (EMRs) and the increasing complexity of information systems, it has become challenging for researchers to effectively access, locate, extract, and analyze information critical to their research. This article introduces an outpatient encounter data framework designed to construct an EMR-based population data repository for diabetes screening research. The outpatient encounter data framework is developed on a hybrid data structure of entity-attribute-value models, dimensional models, and relational models. This design preserves a small number of subject-specific tables essential to key clinical constructs in the data repository. It enables atomic information to be maintained in a transparent and meaningful way to researchers and health care practitioners who need to access data and still achieve the same performance level as conventional data warehouse models. A six-layer information processing strategy is developed to extract and transform EMRs to the research data repository. The data structure also complies with both Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act regulations and the institutional review board's requirements. Although developed for diabetes screening research, the design of the outpatient encounter data framework is suitable for other types of health service research. It may also provide organizations a tool to improve health care quality and efficiency, consistent with the “meaningful use” objectives of the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act.
Autonomous vehicle management

The present invention relates to a vehicle fleet management. Controlling a plurality of vehicle fleet to a method of operating the plurality of vehicles, comprising, within said selected plurality of guiding the vehicle vehicle: based on information from each of said plurality of non-boot of the vehicle in the vehicle data corresponding global positioning device, the actual position of each guiding vehicle corresponding to a non-communication monitoring a plurality of vehicle by car vehicle; determining a plurality of vehicles based on the respective actual position of each fleet operations from the plurality of vehicles; and based on the determined distance to select a command corresponding to the vehicle position of each of the plurality of vehicles, comprising a vehicle position command corresponding global positioning coordinates. The vehicle position command each corresponding to a respective non-transmission of the plurality of vehicle to guide the vehicle, and the vehicle position based on a corresponding command to the non-operation of each respective vehicle of the plurality of guiding the vehicle.
Querying Nested Collections

This dissertation investigates a new approach to query languages inspired by structural recursion and by the categorical notion of a monad. A language based on these principles has been designed and studied. It is found to have the strength of several widely known relational languages but without their weaknesses. This language and its various extensions are shown to exhibit a conservative extension property, which indicates that the depth of nesting of collections in intermediate data has no effect on their expressive power. These languages also exhibit the finite-cofiniteness property on many classes of queries. These two properties provide easy answers to several hitherto unresolved conjectures on query languages that are more realistic than the flat relational algebra. A useful rewrite system has been derived from the equational theory of monads. It forms the core of a source-to-source optimizer capable of performing filter promotion, code motion, and loop fusion. Scanning routines and printing routines are considered as part of optimization process. An operational semantics that is a blending of eager evaluation and lazy evaluation is suggested in conjunction with these input-output routines. This strategy leads to a reduction in space consumption and a faster response time while preserving good total time performance. Additional optimization rules have been systematically introduced to cache and index small relations, to map monad operations to several classical join operators, to cache large intermediate relations, and to push monad operations to external servers. A query system Kleisli and a high-level query language CPL for it have been built on top of the functional language ML. Many of my theoretical and practical contributions have been physically realized in Kleisli and CPL. In addition, I have explored the idea of open system in my implementation. Dynamic extension of the system with new primitives, cost functions, optimization rules, scanners, and writers are fully supported. As a consequence, my system can be easily connected to external data sources. In particular, it has been successfully applied to integrate several genetic data sources which include relational databases, structured files, as well as data generated by special application programs.
The Intact dupA Cluster Is a More Reliable Helicobacter pylori Virulence Marker than dupA Alone

ABSTRACT The duodenal ulcer promoting (dupA) gene, located in the plasticity region of Helicobacter pylori, is associated with duodenal ulcer development. dupA was predicted to form a type IV secretory system (T4SS) with vir genes around dupA (dupA cluster). We investigated the prevalence of dupA and dupA clusters and clarified associations between the dupA cluster status and clinical outcomes in the U.S. population. In all, 245 H. pylori strains were examined using PCR to evaluate the status of dupA and the adjacent vir genes predicted to form T4SS, in addition to the status of cag pathogenicity island (PAI). The associations between dupA cluster status and interleukin-8 (IL-8) and IL-12 production were also examined. The presence of dupA and all adjacent vir genes were defined as a complete dupA cluster. Many variations related to the status of dupA and dupA cluster genes were identified. Concurrent H. pylori infection and the presence of a complete dupA cluster increases duodenal ulcer risk compared to H. pylori infection with incomplete dupA cluster or without the dupA gene independent on the cag PAI status (adjusted odds ratio, 2.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.13 to 4.03). Gastric mucosal IL-8 levels were also significantly higher in the complete dupA cluster group than in other groups (P = 0.01). In conclusion, although the causal relationship between the dupA cluster and duodenal ulcer development is not proved, the presence of a complete dupA cluster but not dupA alone, is associated with duodenal ulcer development.