Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What is your claim to flame?

Flaming studies often argue that the assumed paucity of social cues in online environments leads to disinhibition and increased flaming online. Other studies empirically challenge the idea that flaming behaviors are an inevitable by–product of computer–mediated communication. Nevertheless, both camps share the view that a category of social phenomena called “flaming” exists and it is possible to determine what constitutes a “flame” by examining message content. Yet “flaming” is an oversaturated term that ignores the interactional nature of both flames and flame claims. Importantly, flame claims, in which interlocutors accuse others of “flaming” are just as important to study as so–called flames. Rather than determining whether a particular message is or is not a “true flame,” researchers should examine the interplay between flames and flame claims to understand how particular groups establish, negotiate, and challenge both cultural norms and micro–social hierarchies.
Méthodologies et techniques de résolution de problèmes avec contraintes. Application en programmation logique avec objets : cooxi

Cette these se presente tout d'abord comme une etude exploratoire des techniques, des methodes et des systemes de resolution de problemes avec contraintes, basee sur un retour d'experience industriel. Devant l'emergence, ces dernieres annees, de nouvelles techniques ou outils pour resoudre les problemes fortement combinatoires, ce document se propose de restituer plus precisement le contexte de la resolution de ces problemes complexes en : passant en revue les approches disponibles, collectant le maximum de techniques, les comparant ; precisant les liens entre recherche operationnelle et programmation par contraintes. Une methodologie repondant de maniere efficace a ces problemes complexes (dits avec contraintes) est alors suggeree. Enfin, la derniere partie etudie les perspectives de quelques techniques au travers d'une structure d'accueil en programmation logique
Seismic structure in the mantle beneath Australia

The configuration of earthquake belts around Australia provides a wealth of events at suitable distances to be used as probes into the seismic structure of the upper mantle. The limited number of permanent high-fidelity seismic stations on the continent has been supplemented with extensive deployments of portable broadband stations for periods of a few months at each site. The combination of a long term of recording at the permanent stations and the broad spatial coverage of the portable stations provides an excellent resource for studies of the mantle. A wide range of techniques can be used to gain information on the three-dimensional structure in the mantle, which exploit different aspects of seismograms. The large-amplitude surface waves in the later part of the seismogram travel nearly horizontally and can be used in a tomographic inversion to determine the 3-D variations in shear-wave speed. This approach relies on matching the waveforms on individual paths and then mapping of the path-specific constraints on shear structure into a 3-D model. In contrast, the higher frequency body-wave arrivals are refracted back from the variations in structure in the mantle and are particularly sensitive to discontinuities in structure. Observations out to 3000 km provide coverage of the structures down through the transition zone and for the region below northern Australia, the combination of short-period and broadband observations has provided detailed information on both P and S wave speeds and attenuation structure. Further information on lateral variations in structure can be extracted from the patterns of travel-time residuals. The combination of the different classes of results reveal a complex pattern of 3-D structure beneath the Australian region. The cratonic region in the centre and west of Australia is underlain by a thick mantle lithosphere extending to around 210 km depth with fast wave speeds (especially for S waves). In the asthenosphere below, the S wave speeds diminish and there is significant attenuation and also some level of seismic anisotropy. Beneath the eastern zone with Phanerozoic outcrop the lithosphere is generally thinner (less than 140 km) and the asthenosphere has a pronounced low-velocity zone for S, again with high attenuation. The variations in seismic-wave speeds extend through the upper mantle with noticeable differences in the transition zone. There is also evidence for pervasive small-scale heterogeneity (scale lengths of 100-200 km) superimposed on the broader scale variations that can be imaged using tomographic methods.
Potential Benefits and Current Limits in the Development of Demand Response

This chapter, after defining demand response (DR) and its potential benefits, illustrates a set of challenges to DR development. A brief review of recent contributions on DR is provided, illustrating that such challenges can come from different sources. Regulatory, technical, or socio-economic challenges are considered and discussed. Finally, inter-disciplinary research is suggested as solution to overcome challenges, and some examples of future research directions with respect to economics and social science are provided.
Molecular Profiles of Group B Streptococcal Surface Protein Antigen Genes: Relationship to Molecular Serotypes

ABSTRACT The study of surface protein antigens of group B streptococci (GBS) is important for understanding of the pathogenesis and epidemiology of infection, and several of these antigens have been proposed as components of GBS conjugate vaccines. In a previous study, we developed a novel PCR-and-sequencing system for identification of GBS serotypes and serosubtypes based on the capsular polysaccharide synthesis (cps) gene cluster. In this study, we used published sequences to develop PCR assays for identification of genes encoding GBS surface proteins including C alpha (bca), C alpha-like proteins 2 and 3 (alp2 and alp3), Rib (rib), and C beta (bac). We showed that the prototype R reference strain, Prague 25/60, contained a novel alpha-like protein antigen gene (the proposed alp4), which presumably encodes an atypical, but antigenically similar, R-like protein. Initial evaluation of these gene-specific assays showed excellent specificity. By combining cps serotypes, serosubtypes, and surface protein gene profiles, we were able to divide 224 GBS isolates into 31 serovariants. GBS bac-positive strains could be further subtyped into 11 groups and 20 subgroups. Our results confirmed and extended reported associations between some cps serotypes and serosubtypes, on the one hand, and surface protein genes, on the other: serosubtypes III-1 and III-2 were associated with rib, serosubtype III-3 with alp2, serotype Ib with bca and bac, and serotype V with alp3. The associations between serotype Ia and bca, bca repetitive unit, and bca repetitive unit-like sequence-containing genes need to be studied further. These PCR-based methods will provide an alternative and objective tool for subtyping of GBS based on surface protein antigen genes.
The increased expression of IL‐23 in inflammatory bowel disease promotes intraepithelial and lamina propria lymphocyte inflammatory responses and cytotoxicity

This study analyzed IL‐23p19 expression in inflamed mucosa of IBD and the role in the induction of IEL and NK cell activation as well as Th17 cell differentiation. Expression of IL‐23p19 was performed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real‐time PCR. Expression of IL‐23R was assessed by flow cytometry. Cytolytic activities of IEL and NK cells by IL‐23 were determined by a standard 51Cr‐release assay. Cytokine levels were analyzed by ELISA and quantitative real‐time PCR. Expression of IL‐23p19 was increased significantly in inflamed mucosa of CD compared with that in UC and healthy controls. Double‐staining confirmed that IL‐23p19+ cells were mainly CD68+ macrophages/DCs. IL‐23R+ cells were increased significantly in PB‐ and LP‐CD4+ and ‐CD8+ T and NK cells. IL‐23 markedly promoted IBD IEL and NK cell activation and cytotoxicity and triggered IBD PB‐ and LP‐T cells to secrete significantly higher levels of IFN‐γ, TNF, IL‐2, and IL‐17A compared with controls. Importantly, IL‐23 promoted IBD PB‐ or LP‐CD4+ T cells to differentiate into Th17 cells, characterized by increased expression of IL‐17A and RORC. Anti‐TNF treatment could markedly reduce IL‐23 expression and Th17 cell infiltration in inflamed mucosa of CD patients. These data indicate that IL‐23 is highly expressed in inflamed mucosa of IBD and plays an important role in the induction of IEL, NK, and T cell activation, proinflammatory cytokine secretion, and Th17 cell differentiation. Targeted therapy directed against IL‐23p19 may have a therapeutic role in treatment of IBD.
What Syndrome Is This?

Editors: Susan B. Mallory, M.D., and Bernice R. Krafchik, M.B. , Ch.B. , FRCP{C) What Syndrome Is This? Teresa Costa, M.D., M.Sc, FCCMG, FRCPC,* Lawrence F. Eichenfieid, M.D.,t and Bernice R. Krafehik, M.B. , Ch.B. , FRCPC± *Division of Genetics and ̂ Division of Dermatology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and ^Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Children's Hospital, San Diego, California
Animal Welfare Cognition and Food Safety

Farm animal welfare is not only an ethical issue, but also is related to food safety. This paper incorporates farm animal welfare into food safety issues, and analyzes the impact of animal welfare cognition on consumers' willingness to pay for animal welfare and the policy appeal. The results show that although consumers' cognition of farm animal welfare is not sufficient in China, there are still 81.42% of consumers who are willing to pay for farm animal welfare, and the average payment premium is 19.24%. Animal welfare cognition variables have significant impacts on the willingness of payment and consumer policy attitudes towards farm animal welfare. This conclusion indicates that that China already has the basic conditions to improve farm animal welfare and thereby enhance food safety level through market incentives or government regulation.
HIGH-THROUGHPUT TRANSCRIPTOMIC ANALYSIS OF PSEUDORABIES VIRUS Ph

Background: Pseudorabies virus is a widely-studied model organism of the Herpesviridae family, with a compact genome arrangement of 72 known coding sequences. In order to obtain an up-to-date genetic map of the virus, a combination of RNA-sequencing approaches were applied, as recent advancements in high-throughput sequencing methods have provided a wealth of information on novel RNA species and transcript isoforms, revealing additional layers of transcriptome complexity in several viral species. Results: The total RNA content and polyadenylation landscape of pseudorabies virus were characterized for the first time at high coverage by Illumina high-throughput sequencing of cDNA samples collected during the lytic infectious cycle. As anticipated, nearly all of the viral genome was transcribed, with the exception of loci in the large internal and terminal repeats, and several small intergenic repetitive sequences. Our findings included a small novel polyadenylated non-coding RNA near an origin of replication, and the single-base resolution mapping of 3′ UTRs across the viral genome. Alternative polyadenylation sites were found in a number of genes and a novel alternative splice site was characterized in the ep0 gene, while previously known splicing events were confirmed, yielding no alternative splice isoforms. Additionally, we detected the active polyadenylation of transcripts earlier believed to be transcribed as part of polycistronic RNAs. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, the present work has furnished the highest-resolution transcriptome map of an alphaherpesvirus to date, and reveals further complexities of viral gene expression, with the identification of novel transcript boundaries, alternative splicing of the key transactivator EP0, and a highly abundant, novel non-coding RNA near the lytic replication origin. These advances provide a detailed genetic map of PRV for future research.
Innovative agrifood supply chain network: Leading to traditional, "back to the future" foods

The agrifood sector is faced with major challenges that arise from changes in the sector’s economic and noneconomic environments, to changes in consumers’ lifestyles, from global increases in food consumption, to diminishing production base and now days from the not stable political and economic situation and the continuous global economic deceleration of growth. The challenges cannot be met by any individual enterprise but it requires concerted actions and coordination of initiatives within an effective food chain management. By utilizing basic concepts of innovation management techniques (IMTs), and developing an innovative management (M.I.) process we have applied innovation in two enterprises of the same traditional food chain for a three year period and evaluated the results based on the 12 different parameters developed by the innovation radar. The results show that the applied methodology had a major impact to the growth of both companies and the upgrade of their innovation capacity. In terms of the impact of the methodology within the food chain itself the success is evaluated based on the new, innovative, “BACK TO THE FUTURE” foods which were developed and promoted in the market by these companies and their close collaboration. Thus, we have developed a useful and valuable innovation practical tool available to managers of companies and to policy makers which can be used effectively for local development and regional growth of the agri food sector. Further research applying the methodology in agri food chains of other sectors such as dairy, meat etc., in bigger companies in the traditional and non-traditional sector is required in order to better evaluate its validity and effectiveness.
Compact tri-band bandpass filter with controllable frequency using stub-loaded triple-mode resonator

A novel microstrip tri-band bandpass filter with controllable center frequencies by applying stub-loaded triple-mode resonator is presented. The resonator is constructed by loading a stepped-impedance stub (SIS) and an open stub on a traditional stepped-impedance resonator (SIR). The novel resonator can be utilized to design tri-band BPF. In addition, four transmission zeros generated by the resonator can improve the passband selectivity greatly. Center frequency and bandwidth of the tri-band BPF can be easily adjusted by tuning the stub length and coupling gaps respectively. To verify the application feasibility, a compact planar tri-band BPF is simulated, fabricated and measured. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement and show excellent in-band performance and sharp selectivity.
Fostering technology stewardship approach to promote knowledge sharing among farming communities in Sri Lanka

Agricultural knowledge plays a pivotal role in the process of transforming the livelihoods of farmers relied on subsistence agriculture. However, development of credible approaches to “share” the indigenous and scientific knowledge in possession of farmers in order to enhance their competitive edge in agriculture has become a challenge at present. This paper explores the applicability of theconcept of ‘Technology Stewardship’ in order to promote sustainable knowledge sharing amongst the agricultural farming communities in Sri Lanka. A community consultative process adopted with the officials (“Sponsors”) and a series of structured questionnaire-based face-to-face interviews and keyinformant surveys carried out with a cross section of smallholder agriculture farmers (n=183) in the Batticaloa and Kurunegala districts facilitated gathering of baseline data/information, and in turn, to select and train six Technology Stewards (TEs). A number of field experiments (“Campaigns”) were conducted then with smallholder farmers (n=260) “with” and “without” the assistance of those TEs during April 2014 to July 2015. The ‘FrontlineSMS’ (a low-cost, user-friendly, free and open source text messaging software) and Freedom Fone (low cost Interactive Voice Responses software) were applied to evaluate the effectiveness of knowledge sharing through the TEs work with these communities. It was found that the use of “Texting” and “Voice” facilities in day-to-day agricultural communication has been increased by 22% and 8%, respectively, when the process has been assisted by the TEs. This implies that TEs can effectively be utilized, with capacity development through intensive training modules, to reduce the transaction costs associated with sharing of information with farmers, starting from the lowest socio-economic category in such communities.
Outcomes of a Small Group Educational Intervention for Urinary Incontinence

Objectives:This article examines change in general and condition-specific measures of health-related quality of life (HRQL) among participants in a randomized trial of a community-based intervention for urinary incontinence (UI). Methods:Participants were randomized into intervention or wait control conditions. Participants were women aged 65 or older with urinary incontinence residing in Oklahoma. General HRQL measures included the Physical Function, Mental Health, Vitality, and Health Perceptions subscales of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form–36. Condition-specific measures included the Impact of UI and self-management strategies. Results:There were no significant group effects for the general HRQL measures. Intervention participants reported decreased Impact of UI and greater change in self-management strategies than control participants. Discussion:The intervention affected condition-specific quality of life and self-management but not general HRQL. The intervention’s impact on quality of life involves change in howthe condition is seen as impacting on life and on selection of self-management behaviors.
A decision support system framework to track consumer sentiments in social media

ABSTRACT With the evolution of web 2.0 and social networks, customers and companies’ online interaction is growing at a fast pace, containing valuable insights about consumers’ expectations that should be monitored and explored in a day-to-day basis. However, such information is highly unstructured and difficult to analyze. There is an urgent need to set up transparent methods and processes to integrate such information in the tourism industry technological infrastructure, especially for small firms that are unable to pay for expensive services to monitor their online reputation. The current paper uses a text mining and sentimental analysis technique to structure online reviews and present them on a decision support system with two different dashboards to assist in decision-making. Such system may help managers develop new insights and strategies aligned with consumers’ expectations in a much more flexible and sustainable pace.
Low-Dose Prednisone Inclusion in a Methotrexate-Based, Tight Control Strategy for Early Rheumatoid Arthritis

Background: Treatment strategies for tight control of early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are highly effective but can be improved. Objective: To investigate whether adding prednisone, 10 mg/d, at the start of a methotrexate (MTX)–based treatment strategy for tight control in early RA increases its effectiveness. or a biologic agent to the treatment. Results: Erosive joint damage after 2 years was limited and less in the group receiving MTX and prednisone ( n (cid:2) 117) than in the group receiving MTX and placebo ( n (cid:2) 119). The MTX and prednisone strategy was also more effective in reducing disease activity and physical disability, achieving sustained remission, and avoiding the addition of cyclosporine or biologic treatment. Adverse events were similar in both groups, but some occurred less in the MTX and prednisone group. Limitation: A tight control strategy for RA implies monthly visits to an outpatient clinic, which is not always feasible. Conclusion: Inclusion of low-dose prednisone in an MTX-based treatment strategy for tight control in early RA improves patient outcomes.
Analysis of multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions in inclusion body myositis

Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is a sporadic progressive myopathy, which is morphologically characterized by inflammatory cell infiltrates and rimmed vacuoles in muscle fibers. Mitochondrial changes are regularly present with ragged‐red fibers showing deficiency of cytochrome c oxidase. In these muscle fiber segments, there is accumulation of mitochondria with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions. There are different deletions in different muscle fibers. In this study, we have sequenced for the first time the multiple mtDNA deletions in muscle from four patients with IBM. The deletion breakpoints were sequenced from cloned polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐amplified mtDNA fragments. The sequencing was performed directly from the bacterial colonies used for cloning. Of 122 analyzed clones, 33 different deletions were identified. The majority of these have not previously been described. There was a marked predominance of deletion breakpoints in certain regions of mtDNA. These predominant breakpoint regions are similar to those described in other conditions with multiple deletions, such as autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia (adPEO) and normal aging, but different from those described in diseases due to single deletions such as Kearns‐Sayre syndrome and sporadic PEO. These findings indicate that common factors are involved in the development of multiple mtDNA deletions in IBM, adPEO, and aging. Hum Mutat 10:381–386, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Asymptotics of locally-interacting Markov chains with global signals

We study the long-run behaviour of interactive Markov chains on infinite product spaces. The behaviour at a single site is influenced by the local situation in some neighbourhood and by a random signal about the average situation throughout the whole system. The asymptotic behaviour of such Markov chains is analyzed on the microscopic level and on the macroscopic level of empirical fields. We give sufficient conditions for convergence on the macroscopic level. Combining a convergence result from the theory of random systems with complete connections with a perturbation of the Dobrushin-Vasserstein contraction technique, we show that macroscopic convergence implies that the underlying microscopic process has local asymptotic loss of memory.
A Model for Throughput Prediction for Mobile Users

In this paper we propose a stochastic model to predict user throughput in mobile networks. In particular, the model accounts for uncertainty such as random phenomena (e.g., fast fading) or inexact information (e.g., user location) to derive the statistical distribution of the user throughput. Such a model is highly useful for aiding scheduling and resource allocation decisions. In addition, we provide a taxonomy of prediction techniques to investigate error sources and the main characteristics of prediction accuracy. Finally, we show the versatility of the model by analyzing LTE user throughput for the case where knowledge of either the user's actual position or the congestion level in the cell is inexact.