Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PRÉ-TRATADOS EM REATOR UASB USE OF CONSTRUCTED WETLAND FOR THE POST-TREATMENT OF DOMESTIC SEWAGE ANAEROBIC EFFLUENT FROM UASB REACTOR

O aumento do consumo de água nos centros urbanos gera, simultaneamente, um maior volume de esgotos sanitários. Estes, por sua vez, exigem uma destinação adequada; caso contrário, haverá o risco de poluição do solo e contaminação dos ecossistemas aquáticos. Essa realidade corrobora a necessidade urgente de se desenvolverem e adaptarem tecnologias economicamente viáveis de tratamento de águas residuárias. Nesse sentido, a utilização do reator anaeróbio de fluxo ascendente com manta de lodo (UASB), em regiões de clima quente, poderá ser uma solução para o tratamento secundário de esgotos, uma vez que esse reator, quando operado adequadamente, remove DQO e DBO5 com eficiência superior a 60 e 70%, respectivamente, com tempo de detenção hidráulica curto, 0,25 dia. No entanto, é necessário que o efluente advindo do UASB seja submetido a um pós-tratamento a fim de remover, sobretudo, nutrientes (nitrogênio e fósforo) e organismos patogênicos. Nos vários estudos já realizados na tentativa de pós-tratar efluente anaeróbio, o sistema wetland destaca-se pela sua capacidade de remover carga poluidora, manter a conservação dos ecossistemas terrestres e aquáticos, reduzir o aquecimento global da terra, fixar o carbono do meio ambiente, mantendo o equilíbrio do CO2, além de conservar a biodiversidade ( Denny, 1997 ). No contexto de tratamento de águas residuárias, wetland são ecossistemas que funcionam como receptores de águas naturais e águas produzidas por atividades antrópicas. Os wetland naturais são conhecidos como terras úmidas, brejos, várzeas, pântanos, manguezais e lagos rasos. NOTA TÉCNICA
Health policy and territorial politics: disciplinary misunderstandings and directions for research

The territorial politics of health is both underexploited by mainstream political scientists and the subject of a large and distinctive health policy literature that rarely connects with political science. This chapter first argues for the usefulness of health as a source of data for a more grounded and policy-­‐focused territorial politics. It then summarizes the health policy approach to territorial politics, arguing that its empirical findings, more than its theories, can enrich political science on the topic. Subsequently, it turns to the findings of political scientists, highlighting the extent to which comparative welfare state literature is skeptical about federalism and could handle it much better, and the extent to which the literature about federalism and health is mostly nationally specific and overrepresents North American experiences. The last sections turn to some findings for comparative territorial politics from health policy studies, and some potential future directions for research.
Dean, Chairs, and Faculty: A Team Approach for Enhancing Faculty Diversity

Diversifying the faculty at many colleges and universities has become a significant priority that is featured in strategic plans or in freestanding diversity plans. There are many reasons for this focus, the most directly relevant of which is that faculty diversity plays a key role in creating an inclusive and welcoming environment in our classrooms for students from underrepresented groups. With the demographic shift in the United States to significantly higher percentages of high school graduates who are members of underrepresented groups, the need for diverse faculty in our college and university classrooms is compelling. Related to higher education efforts to diversify its faculties in order to provide role models and a positive classroom atmosphere for minority students is the influence that diversity has on our economy. Employers also see the demographic shift in our population and realize that they will be hiring more graduates from underrepresented groups. Further, business and academic research studies suggest that more diverse teams achieve improved outcomes (Freeman and Huang 2015; Hunt, Layton, and Prince 2015), and employers want an educated and diverse workforce in order to be competitive. Thus, their employee pipeline depends on higher education's ability to prepare all graduates for workplaces that will be more diverse.
A Great Wall? Migration, Political Socialisation and Political Participation among Chinese in New Zealand

Chinese political participation is low by comparison with other migrant and ethnic groups despite high socioeconomic status. This suggests that other barriers to participation are present among this group. This study examines how pre- and post-migration political socialisation affect the electoral participation of Chinese in New Zealand. Fifteen one-on-one, in-depth interviews allowed me to consider the relationship between both length of residence and socialisation in a democratic versus non-democratic regime and electoral participation among this sample. In this case, analysis of each participant’s migration and political participation experiences revealed no correlation between either length of residence and socialisation in a democratic versus non-democratic regime and electoral participation, although it highlighted the significance of demographic factors such as age and life-cycle, and social capital and political interest for electoral participation. Few studies have focused on Chinese migrant political participation specifically in New Zealand and even fewer on the subject of Chinese electoral participation. However, understanding what drives and inhibits electoral participation among this group is both important for the development of New Zealand’s Asia-Pacific identity and ultimately as an indicator of the health of democracy in New Zealand.
The Quagmire of Legacy in Family Firms: Definition and Implications of Family and Family Firm Legacy Orientations

Family firm scholars often reference the legacy concerns or intentions of families when explaining strategic decision making in family firms. Yet, the concept of family legacy is not clearly defined or delineated in the literature. As such, we define and explore the family legacy construct from the integrated perspectives of psychosocial development and sense–making literatures. We identify three forms of family legacy: biological, material, and social. Further, we present the family and family firm legacy orientations as unique constructs, offering a theoretical model that proposes the linkages from these distinct orientations to strategic decision making and behavioral outcomes in family firms.
The Role of Naive T Cell Precursor Frequency and Recruitment in Dictating Immune Response Magnitude

Recent advances in technology have led to the realization that the populations of naive T cells specific for different foreign peptide:MHC (p:MHC) ligands vary in size. This variability is due, in part, to the fact that certain peptides contain amino acids that engage in particularly favorable interactions with TCRs. In addition, deletion of clones with cross-reactivity for self-p:MHC ligands may reduce the size of some naive populations. In many cases, the magnitude of the immune response to individual p:MHC epitopes correlates with the size of the corresponding naive populations. However, this simple relationship may be complicated by variability in the efficiency of T cell recruitment into the immune response. The knowledge that naive population size can predict immune response magnitude may create opportunities for production of more effective subunit vaccines.
[Comparison of MRA and angiography in the follow-up of intracranial aneurysms treated with GDC].

OBJECTIVE Evaluation of TOF 3D MRA compared to angiography in the follow-up of intracranial aneurysms treated by Guglielmi detachable coils (GDC). MATERIAL and method: Prospective analysis of follow-up MRA and angiographies for 20 patients with 22 aneurysms. There were 2 MRAs for 3 aneurysms giving a total of 25 cases. RESULTS A poor correlation between MRA and angiography was observed in 21 cases of 25. For 9 cases, stable exclusion (95-100%) visible on MRA was confirmed by angiography. For 12 other cases, a residual flow within the aneurysmal neck or a residual flow between coils was detected by MRA and confirmed by angiography. A poor correlation was found in 4 cases out of 25: 3 residual flows within the aneurysmal neck and 1 residual flow within the coil mass not visible on MRA. MRA has a sensibility of 75% for the detection of an anomaly, a specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 69.2%. MRA is able to detect a large residual flow within aneurysmal neck and a re-growth, which would need a second embolization. Anomalies not visible on MRA as observed in our study, residual flow within the coil mass and the aneurysmal neck, do not require complementary treatment. CONCLUSION A normal TOF 3D MRA can avoid an angiography in the follow-up of an intracranial aneurysm treated by GDC.
SERINE-PROTEASE INHIBITION DURING ISLET ISOLATION INCREASES ISLET YIELD FROM HUMAN PANCREASES WITH PROLONGED ISCHEMIA1

Background. Islet isolation from the pancreatic tissue matrix remains highly variable. Recent evidence suggests that intrinsic human pancreatic proteases, including trypsin, may inhibit effective collagenase enzymatic activity during islet isolation, thereby impairing the isolation success. In this study we have hypothesized that serine protease inhibition applied during pancreatic digestion, could improve yield and/or functional viability of islets isolated from human pancreases. Methods. Twelve organ donor pancreases with 12.9±0.6 hr cold storage (mean±SEM) were perfused via their ducts with Liberase-HI enzyme in the presence (n=6) or absence (n=6) of 0.4 mM Pefabloc. All were then gently dissociated and their purified islets separated with Ficoll density gradient centrifugation. Results. Donor-related factors (age, gender, cold storage time, body mass index, and pancreas weight) did not differ significantly between the two experimental groups. Pefabloc supplementation did not affect the digestion time, islets remaining trapped in exocrine tissue, or final islet purity. Islet recovery was increased in the Pefabloc-treated group (mean±SEM yield 323.8±80.8×103 islet equivalents vs. 130.8±13.6×103 islet equivalents, P <0.05). Cellular composition, DNA and insulin content, and insulin secretory activity of the isolated islets was similar. Conclusions. Inhibition of intrinsic protease activity within pancreases after prolonged cold storage improves isolation of viable islets.
Pharmacokinetics of Artemisinin in Broiler Chickens after Intravenous and Oral Administrations

Artemisinin (ART), the active ingredient of Artemisia spp. is a promising anticoccidial agent. Since there is no documented information on pharmacokinetics (PK) of this herbal drug in poultry, the present study was carried out to explore PK parameters of ART in broiler chickens. Sixty-four healthy broiler chicks of 21 days old were randomly divided into 4 equal groups. In groups 1 and 2, each bird received a single dose of ART at 2 mg/kg by oral (PO) and intravenous (IV) administrations, respectively. But each bird in groups 3 and 4 was given 5 mg/kg ART by PO and IV, respectively. Blood samples were taken at different pre-determined time-points. The serum concentrations of ART were measured by using a high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method. PK parameters of ART (including maximum concentration, Cmax, time to reach maximum concentration, Tmax, area under the drug concentration-time curve, AUC, mean residence time, MRT, volume of distribution at steady state, Vss, and bioavailability, BA) were calculated through noncompartmental analysis. The Cmax values for 2 and 5 mg/kg were 4.29 ± 0.15 and 7.81 ± 0.39 μg/ml; and the BA values (%) were 63.4 ± 4.8 and 69.3 ± 2.2, respectively. The Vss values after IV administration in groups 2 and 4 were 295 ± 19 and 484 ± 30 ml/kg, respectively. The relatively high BA and a low Vss for ART in the present study suggest that there is a species difference in PK of this compound in poultry. Ali Rassouli*, Hossein Ali Arab, Ismael Imani and Gholam Reza Shams Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterianry Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran *Address for Correspondence Ali Rassouli, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, Tel: +982161117086; Fax: +9821-66933222; E-mail: arasooli@ut.ac. ir Submission: 26 September, 2016 Accepted: 20 October, 2016 Published: 31 October, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 Rassouli A. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Research Article Open Access
Acute infectious bursal disease in poultry: A review

This review is focused on the acute form of infectious bursal disease (IBD) caused by very virulent IBD virus (vvIBDV). First described in Europe about 10 years ago, this new form of the disease has rapidly spread all over the world, causing dramatic losses; after a decade, it still represents a considerable threat to the poultry industry. Emergence of the acute forms of the disease has drastically changed the epidemiology of IBD. Although their origin is still under investigation, vvIBDVs have spread all over the world in a very explosive but conserved manner. This raises the question of the origin of vvIBDVs, of the possible existence of reservoirs and of the possible emergence of new, distinct lineages in the future. While it has become clear that amino acids within the variable region of virus protein VP2 account for the molecular basis of antigenic variation, no definite hot spot that determines pathogenicity has been identified. Fingerprints of VP2 on vvIBDVs have to be considered more as common evolutionary markers than as virulence markers. The search for such markers is in progress. Pathogenesis of the disease is still poorly understood, and cytokines might play a crucial role in the onset of the disease and in the development of immunosuppression. Mechanisms such as apoptosis and necrosis have been described in lymphoid organs and are involved in the severity of the disease. Macrophages, especially, could play a specific role in the acute phase. Classical serotype 1 vaccines still induce good protection, but the actual problem for control of the disease has became the interference of maternally derived antibody in the establishment of the vaccination schedule. The development of safe vaccines that could either transmit a high passive immunity which could protect broilers during the whole growing period or prime an immune response before or at hatching in the presence of passive immunity might be established in the near future. In this context, recombinant vaccines and virus-neutralizing factor technology might have an advantage over other approaches.
Eruptive xanthoma: a microscopic simulant of granuloma annulare

The microscopic appearance of eruptive xanthoma (EX) presents the potential for misinterpretation as granuloma annulare (GA). Both exhibit one or multiple lesions in the superficial reticular dermis. Both have a perivascular and interstitial inflammatory cell infiltrate. Extracellular lipid in EX separates and disrupts the reticular dermis, simulating necrobiosis. There are several useful differential diagnostic features. The perivascular infiltrate is histiocytic in EX and lymphoid in GA. The histiocytes of EX have translucent, finely stippled cytoplasm, whereas those of GA have denser eosinophilic cytoplasm. EX lacks a distinctly granulomatous appearance, whereas epithelioid and multinuclear cells arc typical of GA. The semilucent extracellular deposits of lipid in EX are associated with only minimal fragmentation of collagen and no evidence of cellular necrosis. Necrobiotic material stains more deeply eosinophilic or basophilic; degradation of collagen is discern‐able, and there is often evidence of cell death. Both EX and GA exhibit deposits of hyaluronic acid. They tend to be concentrated at the borders of lesions in EX and in the centers of lesions in GA. Elastolysis was not appreciated in EX. It was present in some eases of GA.
An improved procedure for serum creatine phosphokinase determination.

Abstract The creatine phosphokinase activity of serum is determined by a procedure in which adenosine triphosphate, liberated by the action of the enzyme, is linked to the reduction of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate and the formation of reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate followed spectrophotometrically. The enzyme substrate for the reaction is prepared in bulk, freeze-dried, and distributed in gelatinecovered capsules. The capsule contents are reconstituted immediately before use by the addition of distilled water, and creatine phosphokinase activity is determined by measuring the increase in optical density at 340 mμ following serum addition. The method is convenient, more sensitive, and less time-consuming than other procedures for serum creatine phosphokinase determination in common laboratory use.
Analysis of Influence of Voltage on Potential Barrier on BiCuVOX and BiTiVOX Ceramics

Abstract The BiMeVOx family of compounds appears to be more attractive for applications at low temperatures when ionic conductivity is the determining parameter. The objective of this study was to analysis the influence of voltage of the behavior of the Schottky barrier in both BiCuVOX and BiTiVOX. The samples were analyzed by atomic force microscopy and electric force microscopy (EFM). EFM experiments were conducted to map the electric field distribution on the surface. The formation of Schottky barriers was observed, and their height and width measured. BiCuVOX samples show a barrier width of 140 nm, and BiTiVOX shows a barrier width of 350 nm. The applied voltage has no effect on the barrier width but increases the peak height as observed in the cantilever frequency as measured with the EFM technique.
EEG correlated functional MRI and postoperative outcome in focal epilepsy

Background The main challenge in assessing patients with epilepsy for resective surgery is localising seizure onset. Frequently, identification of the irritative and seizure onset zones requires invasive EEG. EEG correlated functional MRI (EEG-fMRI) is a novel imaging technique which may provide localising information with regard to these regions. In patients with focal epilepsy, interictal epileptiform discharge (IED) correlated blood oxygen dependent level (BOLD) signal changes were observed in approximately 50% of patients in whom IEDs are recorded. In 70%, these are concordant with expected seizure onset defined by non-invasive electroclinical information. Assessment of clinical validity requires post-surgical outcome studies which have, to date, been limited to case reports of correlation with intracranial EEG. The value of EEG-fMRI was assessed in patients with focal epilepsy who subsequently underwent epilepsy surgery, and IED correlated fMRI signal changes were related to the resection area and clinical outcome. Methods Simultaneous EEG-fMRI was recorded in 76 patients undergoing presurgical evaluation and the locations of IED correlated preoperative BOLD signal change were compared with the resected area and postoperative outcome. Results 21 patients had activations with epileptic activity on EEG-fMRI and 10 underwent surgical resection. Seven of 10 patients were seizure free following surgery and the area of maximal BOLD signal change was concordant with resection in six of seven patients. In the remaining three patients, with reduced seizure frequency post-surgically, areas of significant IED correlated BOLD signal change lay outside the resection. 42 of 55 patients who had no IED related activation underwent resection. Conclusion These results show the potential value of EEG-fMRI in presurgical evaluation.
Discrete-time backpropagation for training synaptic delay-based artificial neural networks

The aim of this paper is to endow a well-known structure for processing time-dependent information, synaptic delay-based ANN's, with a reliable and easy to implement algorithm suitable for training temporal decision processes. In fact, we extend the backpropagation algorithm to discrete-time feedforward networks that include adaptable internal time delays in the synapses. The structure of the network is similar to the one presented by [1], that is, in addition to the weights modeling the transmission capabilities of the synaptic connections, we model their length by means of a parameter that indicates the delay a discrete-event suffers when going from Zthe origin neuron to the target neuron through a synaptic connection. Like the weights, these delays are also trainable, and a training algorithm can be derived that is almost as simple as the backpropagation algorithm, and which is really an extension of it. We present examples of the application of these networks and algorithm to the prediction of time series and to the recognition of patterns in electrocardiographic signals. In the first case, we employ the temporal reasoning characteristics of these networks for the prediction of future values in a benchmark example of a time series: the one governed by the Mackey-Glass chaotic equation. In the second case, we provide a real life example. The problem consists in identifying different types of beats through two levels of temporal processing, one relating the morphological features which make up the beat in time and another one that relates the positions of beats in time, that is, considers rhythm characteristics of the ECG signal. In order to do this, the network receives the signal sequentially, no windowing, segmentation, or thresholding are applied.
Organizational capital, intellectual capital and cost stickiness (evidence from Iran)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the relationship between organizational capital and the subsets of organizational capital (intellectual capital (IC)) cost and cost stickiness. Design/methodology/approach This study is causal correlational research. The data related to the company’s financial statements were collected using the Rahavard Novin Software and www.rdis. ir. In this study, panel data were run with the use of Eviews 8, in order to test the hypotheses. The ordinary least-squares method is used in this study to estimate the parameters of the model. Findings The results obtained from the study show that there is a significant relationship between organizational capital and cost stickiness. However, there is no significant difference between high and low rank in terms of organizational capital and cost stickiness. In addition, there is a significant difference between IC and cost stickiness. Moreover, there is no significant difference between the components of IC and cost stickiness. Also, IC has an effect on the intensity of the relationship between organizational capital and cost stickiness. Originality/value This study explores the relationship between organizational capital and the subsets of IC and cost stickiness. Independent variables used in this study include organizational capital, IC and its components in the Pulic model, i.e. the efficiency of capital employed, the efficiency of human capital and the efficiency of structural capital.