Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Ethanol on γ‐Aminobutyric Acid and Glycine Receptor‐Coupled Cl− Fluxes in Rat Brain Synaptoneurosomes

Chloride fluxes in Synaptoneurosomes in response to additions of γ‐aminobutyric acid, glycine, and ethanol were measured using a chloride‐sensitive fluorescent probe 6‐methoxy‐N‐(3‐sulfopropyl) quinolinium (SPQ). The C1− gradient was directed outward by bathing cells in a medium low in C1− concentration. The Synaptoneurosomes responded to both γ‐aminobutyric acid and glycine by outflow of C1− ions, as judged from an increase in SPQ fluorescence. These effects were inhibited by picrotoxin and strychnine, respectively. Ethanol also produced an outflow of C1− ions from the Synaptoneurosomes. Both picrotoxin and strychnine inhibited this effect. When the antagonists were used together, the inhibiting effect was additive. These results indicate that ethanol affects both γ‐aminobutyric acid and glycine receptor‐linked chloride fluxes in the rat brain.
Calmodulin Wraps around Its Binding Domain in the Plasma Membrane Ca2+ Pump Anchored by a Novel 18-1 Motif*

Using solution NMR spectroscopy, we obtained the structure of Ca2+-calmodulin (holoCaM) in complex with peptide C28 from the binding domain of the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) pump isoform 4b. This provides the first atomic resolution insight into the binding mode of holoCaM to the full-length binding domain of PMCA. Structural comparison of the previously determined holoCaM·C20 complex with this holoCaM·C28 complex supports the idea that the initial binding step is represented by (holoCaM·C20) and the final bound complex by (holoCaM·C28). This affirms the existing multi-step kinetic model of PMCA4b activation by CaM. The complex exhibits a new binding motif in which holoCaM is wrapped around helical C28 peptide using two anchoring residues from the peptide at relative positions 18 and 1. The anchors correspond to Phe-1110 and Trp-1093, respectively, in full-length PMCA4b, and the peptide and CaM are oriented in an anti-parallel manner. This is a greater sequence distance between anchors than in any of the known holoCaM complexes with a helical peptide. Analysis of the geometry of holoCaM-peptide binding for the cases where the target peptide adopts an αD-helix with its anchors buried in the main hydrophobic pockets of the two CaM lobes establishes that only relative sequential positions of 10, 14, 17, and 18 are allowed for the second anchor.
Comparative cytological studies of the carotid body. 2. Ultrastructure of the synapses on the chief cell.

The ultrastructure of the carotid body was comparatively studied by electron microscopy with special reference to the innervation of the chief cell. The animals used were amphibia (Hynobius nigrescens, Cynops pyrrhogaster pyrrhogaster, Bufo bufo japonicus, Rana nigromaculata), birds (Uroloncha domestica, Gallus domesticus) and mammals (cat, dog, mouse, guinea pig) including the human fetus. In all the animals examined, characteristic associations of the chief cells, sustentacular cells and nerve endings seemed to form the fundamental structural units of the carotid body. Some of the nerve endings established specialized contacts with the chief cell which satisfied the morphological criteria of a chemical synapse. On the basis of the localization of microvesicles two types of synapses were distinguished. The presynaptic element of the first type was a nerve ending containing accumulations of agranular microvesicles of about
Ophthalmoplegia, demyelinating neuropathy, leukoencephalopathy, myopathy, and gastrointestinal dysfunction with multiple deletions of mitochondrial DNA: A mitochondrial multisystem disorder in search of a name

This article describes a 37‐year‐old woman with progressive external ophthalmoplegia, peripheral neuropathy, and chronic intractable diarrhea. Laboratory studies disclosed lactic acidosis, ragged red fibers lacking cytochrome c oxidase, high‐normal muscular mitochondrial enzymes, demyelinating neuropathy, leukoencephalopathy and multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions. This is the fourth patient described with this clinical syndrome, which represents a separate entity among multisystemic mitocnondrial disorders. The patient described here is the first with this syndrome to have multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Savoir lire : didactique déclarative, procédurale, contextuelle

Apres avoir distingue savoirs declaratif, procedural, contextuel, on examine l’utilite de ces concepts dans le cas de la lecture et de son enseignement. Ceci conduit a distinguer une didactique dominee par une conception declarative, qui domine dans les pratiques pedagogiques, et une didactique d’opposition ou domine une conception procedurale. On procede alors a une analyse critique de ces deux didactiques pour proposer de faire plus de place au procedural, tout en le completant de savoirs declaratifs et contextuels.
SIAARTI recommendations for the treatment of postoperative pain.

SIAARTI Study Group for Acute/Chronic Pain A treatment of postoperative pain is known to contribute significantly to the improvement of perioperative morbidity, as measured in terms of incidence of postoperative complications, hospital days, and lower costs, especially in atrisk patients (ASA III-V) undergoing major surgery 1 (Level A). Of equal importance are risk-benefit ratios, as the complications attributable to techniques of pain treatment can never be wholly excluded. Effective treatment of pain in most hospitalized patients or those receiving outpatient services requires an efficient organization that involves every professional health worker that interacts with the patient 2 (Level D). The anesthetist, because of his or her special knowledge of pathophysiology and acute pain therapy, is in the privileged position of being selected as team coordinator responsible for acute pain treatment. This leadership role of the anesthetist has been recognized by the postoperative pain treatment guidelines drawn up by foreign associations,3-6 particularly as regards the development and direction of pain treatment programs that involve professional nurses and other specialists (Level D). Anesthetists wanting to provide adequate postoperative pain treatment should formulate a training and education plan that will enable professional hospital health workers to implement pain treatment protocols efficaciously and safely. The scope of such a plan should comprise a variety of topics, including correct methods of pain evalua11Direttore IV Servizio di Anestesia e Rianimazione Pediatrica: AORN «A. Cardarelli», Napoli. 12Professore Associato di Anestesia e Rianimazione, Universita degli Studi di Padova. 13Dirigente di Anestesia e Rianimazione, Universita degli Studi di Perugia. 14Direttore di Anestesia e Rianimazione, CTO, ASL Roma. 15Professore Associato di Anestesia e Rianimazione, Universita «La Sapienza», Roma. 16Professore Ordinario di Anestesia e Rianimazione, Universita di Catanzaro. 17Direttore di Anestesia e Rianimazione, Ospedale di Locri (RC). 18Direttore di Anestesia e Rianimazione, Ospedale di Torre Annunziata (NA). 19Direttore del Servizio di Anestesia, Rianimazione e Terapia Antalgica, Ospedale de La Spezia. 10Dirigente di Anestesia e Rianimazione, Ospedale de La Spezia. 11Dirigente di Anestesia e Rianimazione, Ospedale Macedonio-Melloni di Milano. 12Dirigente di Anestesia e Rianimazione, Ospedale di Pisa. 13Dirigente di Anestesia e Rianimazione, CTO, ASL Roma. 14Professore Associato di Anestesia e Rianimazione, Universita degli Studi di Palermo. 15Professore Associato di Anestesia e Rianimazione, Universita degli Studi di Catania. 16Professore Ordinario di Anestesia e Rianimazione, Universita «Federico II», Napoli. 17Professore Ordinario di Anestesia e Rianimazione, Universita de L’Aquila. 18Professore Associato di Anestesia e Rianimazione, Universita di Messina.
TREATMENT ENVIRONMENT AND TREATMENT OUTCOME

Seven large equivalent male Veterans Administration wards were used in a study linking treatment environment as perceived by patients and staff to treatment outcome as assessed by ward dropout, release, and community tenure rates. Results indicated that wards with high dropout rates were perceived by patients as being low in emphasis on practical orientation and order and organization and by staff as low in support, involvement, and program clarity, but high in anger and aggression and staff control, whereas wards with high release rates were perceived by patients as high in practical orientation and staff control and by staff as low in spontaneity. Wards which kept later readmitted patients out in the community longest were perceived to be high in staff control by both patients and staff.
Diseño de un sistema de recomendación usando algoritmos de aprendizaje máquina

Este trabajo esta constituido por una seccion inicial donde se presenta una breve introduccion a la problematica de los sistemas de recomendacion susceptibles a cold-start y pobre eficiencia ante el procesamiento de matrices dispersas. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es proponer y desarrollar un sistema de recomendacion que incorpore contenido para solventar el problema del cold-start en los metodos de filtrado colaborativo, a la vez que permita una formulacion e implementacion con matrices dispersas para un procesamiento eficiente. En la seccion de antecedentes se abordan los primeros enfoques de los sistemas de recomendacion basados en filtrado y distribucion de la informacion. Tambien se incluye una revision de los primeros modelos de filtrado colaborativo y una pequena resena de los sistemas de recomendacion usados en algunas empresas. Se presenta un capitulo de marco teorico donde se explican los algoritmos para extraccion de caracteristicas, las formulaciones de sistemas de recomendacion utilizados y la forma en que se calculan algunas de las metricas mas usadas para evaluar los sistemas de recomendacion. Se presenta el desarrollo del trabajo donde se explica a detalle cada paso realizado para la formulacion e implementacion de un sistema compuesto que integra dos enfoques, uno de filtrado colaborativo SVD y uno de contenido. Posteriormente se muestran los resultados de cada experimento realizado para validar el sistema de recomendacion propuesto. Finalmente se presentan las conclusiones del trabajo. Los resultados demuestran que se resuelven de manera particular los objetivos de procesamiento de datos no estructurados y se aborda el problema del cold-start incorporando el contenido derivado de los datos no estructurados. Con el uso de un enfoque de matrices dispersas, la implementacion resultante es modular y escalable.
On Delta-Sigma-Modulation techniques for Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motors

Due to the availability of efficient three-phase inverters, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) have become an interesting drive concept for numerous applications. However, for efficient and smooth operation, the inverter input switching signals have to be modulated in a suitable way in order to obtain an appropriate commutation sequence for operating a PMSM. Besides of the well-known and commonly applied Pulse-Width-Modulation (PWM) techniques, Delta-Modulation and Delta-Sigma-Modulation (DSM) techniques have been proposed in literature for driving inverters. This paper investigates the suitability of such DSM techniques for modulating two-stage and three-stage inverters for PMSM applications.
Comparison of a immunonutrition formula enriched arginine, glutamine and omega-3 fatty acid, with a currently high-enriched enteral nutrition for trauma patients.

UNLABELLED The severe trauma or burn patients required aggressive resuscitation, operation and metabolic support to reduce morbidity and motality. Nutrition is one of the most important treatment for these patients, improving body protein and immune function, reducing rate of infection and shortening hospitalization. METHOD To evaluate the metabolic and immune effects of dietary arginine, glutamine and omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil) supplementation, we performed a prospective study in patients age 15-60 yrs after severe trauma (Injury Severity Scores (ISS) 15-30) or burn patients (body surface area (BSA) 30-60%) in Siriraj Hospital. They were randomized to receive either Neomune or Traumacal. The nasogastric feeding was started in post-injury day 2 (PID2) with half of concentration at the rate of 30 ml/h. From PID3 to PID10, the normal concentration was administered at the rate of 80-100 ml/h depending on optimal caloric requirement. All patients received 5 per cent dextrose in half or full strength saline solution as clinically indicated. No other oral nutrients apart from study formula were allowed during the study. Blood sample was with-drawn on PID2, PID6 and PID11 for measurements of CBC, coagulogram, albumin, transferrin, CRP, LFT, BUN, Cr, CD3, CD19, CD4, CD8, C3, IgG, IgM, and IgA. Nitrogen balance was calculated from UUN. Unpaired student t-test was applied to compare variables between the two groups. RESULTS 36 patients were selected (16 trauma and 20 burn), male = 29, mean age = 29.86 yrs. The patients were divided equally into two groups to receive Neomune or Traumacal. The data were compared and showed significance on total protein on PID11 (Neomune = 6.52 +/- 1.29, Traumacal = 5.59 +/- 1.21, p = 0.03) and serum triglycerides on PID11 (Neomune = 128.39 +/- 53.45, Traumacal = 186.25 +/- 84.07, p = 0.02). The ICU stay was observed shorter in Neomune than in Traumacal group (3.41 and 7.83 days) with no statistical significance. The wean-off respirator day was also shorter in Neomune than in Traumacal group (2.71 and 7.39 days). One patient in each group died. CONCLUSIONS The feeding of Neomune in critically injured patients was well tolerated as Traumacal and significant improvement was observed in serum protein. Shorten ICU stay and wean-off respirator day may benefit from using the immunonutrient formula.
Family recurrence and oligo‐anuria predict uremic restless legs syndrome

Pizza F, Persici E, La Manna G, Campieri C, Plazzi G, Carretta E, Cappuccilli ML, Ferri B, Stefoni S, Montagna P. Family recurrence and oligo‐anuria predict uremic restless legs syndrome. Acta Neurol Scand: 2012: 125: 403–409. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
The influence of smoking on plasma homocysteine and cysteine levels in passive and active smokers

Abstract Total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) and cysteine (tCys) levels are associated with cardiovascular diseases. One of the determinants that influence their levels is cigarette smoking. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between plasma levels of both amino acids and urinary cotinine concentration as a reliable biomarker of tobacco smoke exposure. One hundred and seventeen volunteers (61 women and 56 men) aged 19–60 years (mean 40.3±11.0) were included in the study. The study subjects were qualified into non-smokers, passive smokers and active smokers based upon the urinary cotinine concentration. In each particular group, plasma tHcy and tCys levels were measured and evaluated in the whole population and separately in women and men. Statistically insignificant differences in plasma tHcy and tCys levels in the whole group of passive smokers in comparison with non-smokers were observed (11.47 vs. 10.94 μmol/l, p=0.414, and 253.0 vs. 266.9 μmol/l, p=0.163, respectively). However, statistically significant differences in plasma tHcy levels (13.29 vs. 10.94 μmol/l, p=0.011) and in plasma tCys levels (218.2 vs. 266.9 μmol/l, p<0.001) were found in the whole group of active smokers compared with nonsmokers. The Pearson's coefficient (r) for the correlation between plasma tHcy level and urinary cotinine concentration was r=0.630 (p<0.001) in the whole group of active smokers and r=0.480 (p=0.003) in the whole group of passive smokers. The correlation between plasma tCys level and urinary cotinine concentration in both study groups was insignificant. Similar results were obtained when calculated separately for men and women. The results suggest that cigarette smoking is a strong determinant of plasma tHcy level, but it is not a determinant of plasma tCys level.
Three-dimensional Object Recognition via Subspace Representation on a Grassmann Manifold

In this paper, we propose a method for recognizing three-dim ensional (3D) objects using multi-view depth images. To derive the essential 3D shape information extrac ted from these images for stable and accurate 3D object recognition, we need to consider how to integrate par tial shapes of a 3D object. To address this issue, we introduce two ideas. The first idea is to represent a partia l shape of the 3D object by a three-dimensional subspace in a high-dimensional vector space. The second ide a is to represent a set of the shape subspaces as a subspace on a Grassmann manifold, which reflects the 3D shap e of the object more completely. Further, we measure the similarity between two subspaces on the Grass mann manifold by using the canonical angles between them. This measurement enables us to construct a mor e stable and accurate method based on richer information about the 3D shape. We refer to this method based on subspaces on a Grassmann manifold as the Grassmann mutual subspace method (GMSM). To further enhanc e the performance of the GMSM, we equip it with powerful feature-extraction capabilities. The val idity of the proposed method is demonstrated through experimental comparisons with several conventional metho ds on a hand-depth image dataset.
Effect of sex hormone administration on circulating ghrelin levels in peripubertal children.

BACKGROUND Ghrelin levels gradually decrease throughout childhood and with advancing pubertal stage. The change during puberty is more pronounced in boys than girls. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to investigate whether the pubertal drop in ghrelin secretion is modified by the increase in sex hormones. PATIENTS AND METHODS Ghrelin levels were measured in 34 short peripubertal children (17 boys and 17 girls) aged 8-12.5 yr before and after sex hormone priming for GH stimulation testing. RESULTS In boys, priming with testosterone increased testosterone to pubertal levels (23.7 +/- 7.1 nmol/liter), which in turn induced a marked decrease in ghrelin (from 1615.8 +/- 418.6 to 1390.0 +/- 352.0 pg/ml) and leptin (from 8.0 +/- 4.5 to 5.8 +/- 3.2 ng/ml) and an increase in IGF-I (from 162.7 +/- 52.8 to 291.1 +/- 101.6 ng/ml) (P < 0.001 for all parameters). In girls, priming with estrogen led to a supraphysiological increase in estradiol levels (1313.8 +/- 438.0 pmol/liter), which had no effect on ghrelin, leptin, or IGF-I. There was no correlation between ghrelin levels and levels of sex hormones, leptin, or body mass index in either boys or girls. CONCLUSIONS A pharmacological increase in sex hormones is associated with a marked decline in circulating levels of ghrelin in boys but not girls. Additional longitudinal studies through puberty are needed to elucidate the physiological interaction between sex hormones and ghrelin.
A hidden Markov modeling approach for admixture mapping based on case‐control data

Admixture mapping is potentially a powerful method for mapping genes for complex human diseases, when the disease frequency due to a particular disease‐susceptible gene is different between founding populations of different ethnicity. The method tests for association of the allele ancestry with the disease. Since the markers used to define ancestral populations are not fully informative for the ancestry status, direct test of such association is not possible. In this report, we develop a unified hidden Markov model (HMM) framework for estimating the unobserved ancestry haplotypes across a chromosomal region based on marker haplotype or genotype data. The HMM efficiently utilizes all the marker data to infer the latent ancestry states at the putative disease locus. In this HMM modelling framework, we develop a likelihood test for association of allele ancestry and the disease risk based on case‐control data. Existence of such association may imply linkage between the candidate locus and the disease locus. We evaluate by simulations how several factors affect the power of admixture mapping, including sample size, ethnicity relative risk, marker density, and the different admixture dynamics. Our simulation results indicate correct type 1 error rates of the proposed likelihood ratio tests and great impact of marker density on the power. The simulation results also indicate that the methods work well for the admixed populations derived from both hybrid‐isolation and continuous gene‐flowing models. Finally, we observed that the genotype‐based HMM performs very similarly in power as the haplotype‐based HMM when the haplotypes are known and the set of markers is highly informative. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology: Diagnostic Value in Breast Solid Masses

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology for the diagnosis of breast solid masses. Materials and method: It is a retrospective study with 705 patients carrying a solid breast mass who underwent ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology for the diagnosis. The fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was performed with ultrasound guidance and a 21 G gauge needle was used. The cytological results were classified as benign, suspicious, malignant or insufficient. The benign results were considered negative for malignancy and the malignant and suspect results were considered positive for malignancy. Insufficient results were not included in analysis of the accuracy of the study. In all cases the histological result of the masses was obtained and it was taken as reference test. The ultrasound-guided FNAC accuracy was evaluated for all cases and then specifically for the masses classified in the categories 3, 4 and 5 of BI-RADS. Results: When all cases were included the results were the following: sensitivity 96%, specificity 92%, positive predictive value 97%, negative predictive value 89%, false positives 3%, false negatives 11% and overall accuracy 95%. For the BI-RADS category 3 the results were the following: sensitivity 100%, specificity 98%, positive predictive value 90%, negative predictive value 100%, false positives 10%, there were no false negatives and overall accuracy 98%. For the BI-RADS category 4 the results were the following: sensitivity 92%, specificity 85%, positive predictive value 95%, negative predictive value 78%, false positives 5 %, false negatives 21% and overall accuracy 91%. For the BI-RADS category 5 the results were the following: sensitivity 99%, specificity 75%, positive predictive value 99.6%, negative predictive value 40%, false positives 0.4%, false negatives 60% and overall accuracy 99%. Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided FNAC is a valuable diagnostic technique for breast solid masses. In the probably benign masses (BI-RADS 3) its objective is to rule out malignancy for safely avoid biopsy and planning an imaging follow-up. In the suspicious and highly suggestive of malignancy masses (BI-RADS 4 and 5) the objective is to confirm malignancy prior to definitive treatment, when neoadjuvant chemotherapy is not needed.
Résolution limite angulaire : Approches basées sur la théorie de l'information et sur la théorie de la détection

Dans cet article, on etudie la Resolution Limite Angulaire (RLA) pour deux signaux sources. La RLA represente l'angle minimal entre deux sources proches permettant de les resoudre. Nous proposons deux approches pour le calcul de la RLA: une approche basee sur la theorie de l'information et une approche basee sur la theorie de de la detection (dans le contexte Bayesien qui est moins etudie dans la litterature). Les approches proposees sont ensuite comparees avec d'autres approches connues dans la litterature. Les simulations montrent que la performance des approches theoriques et empiriques sont proches.