Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Guidance on acetylcysteine for paracetamol ingestion needs review

Buckley and colleagues highlight differences in international guidance for treating acute paracetamol poisoning.1 Following recommendations by the Commission on Human Medicines (CHM), the UK uses lower thresholds for acetylcysteine use than almost all other countries, treating many more patients at low risk of toxicity. Anaphylactoid reactions are further increased, as these are more common in patients with …
Collagen Structure of Tendon Relates to Function

A tendon is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone, designed to transmit forces and withstand tension during muscle contraction. Tendon may be surrounded by different structures: 1) fibrous sheaths or retinaculae; 2) reflection pulleys; 3) synovial sheaths; 4) peritendon sheaths; 5) tendon bursae. Tendons contain a) few cells, mostly represented by tenoblasts along with endothelial cells and some chondrocytes; b) proteoglycans (PGs), mainly decorin and hyaluronan, and c) collagen, mostly type I. Tendon is a good example of a high ordered extracellular matrix in which collagen molecules assemble into filamentous collagen fibrils (formed by microfibrils) which aggregate to form collagen fibers, the main structural components. It represents a multihierarchical structure as it contains collagen molecules arranged in fibrils then grouped in fibril bundles, fascicles and fiber bundles that are almost parallel to the long axis of the tendon, named as primary, secondary and tertiary bundles. Collagen fibrils in tendons show prevalently large diameter, a D-period of about 67 nm and appear built of collagen molecules lying at a slight angle (< 5). Under polarized light microscopy the collagen fiber bundles appear crimped with alternative dark and light transverse bands. In recent studies tendon crimps observed via SEM and TEM show that the single collagen fibrils suddenly changing their direction contain knots. These knots of collagen fibrils inside each tendon crimp have been termed “fibrillar crimps”, and even if they show different aspects they all may fulfil the same functional role. As integral component of musculoskeletal system, the tendon acts to transmit muscle forces to the skeletal system. There is no complete understanding of the mechanisms in transmitting/absorbing tensional forces within the tendon; however it seems likely that a flattening of tendon crimps may occur at a first stage of tendon stretching. Increasing stretching, other transmission mechanisms such as an interfibrillar coupling via PGs linkages and a molecular gliding within the fibrils structure may be involved.
Las colecciones biológicas: Los tesoros escondidos de un país mega-diverso

nuevas aplicaciones para el uso de las mismas en diferentes sectores de la sociedad (Drew, 2011). El objetivo de este artículo es presentar los resultados de un breve inventario de las colecciones biológicas del Ecuador con miras a la creación de la Base Nacional de Datos de Biodiversidad (BNDB) y su portal web dentro de la Subsecretaría de Patrimonio Natural del Ecuador del Ministerio del Ambiente.
Repeat hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases.

OBJECTIVE The authors assess the long-term results of repeat hepatectomies for recurrent metastases of colorectal cancer and determine the factors that can predict survival. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Safer techniques of hepatic resection have allowed surgeons to consider repeat hepatectomy for colorectal metastases in an increasing number of patients. However, higher operative bleeding and increased morbidity have been reported after repeat hepatectomies, and the long-term benefit of these procedures needs to be evaluated. STUDY POPULATION Sixty-four patients from a group of 243 patients resected for colorectal liver metastases were submitted to 83 repeat hepatectomies (64 second, 15 third, and 4 fourth hepatectomies). Combined extrahepatic surgery was performed in 21 (25%) of these 83 repeat hepatectomies. RESULTS There was no intraoperative or postoperative mortality. Operative bleeding was not significantly increased in repeat hepatectomies as compared to first resections. Morbidity and duration of hospital stay were comparable to first hepatectomies. Overall and disease-free survival after a second hepatectomy were 60% and 42%, respectively, at 3 years and 41% and 26%, respectively, at 5 years. Factors of prognostic value on univariate analysis included the curative nature of first and second hepatectomies (p = 0.04 and p = 0.002, respectively), an interval between the two procedures of more than 1 year (p = 0.003), the number of recurrent tumors (p = 0.002), serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels (p = 0.03), and the presence of extrahepatic disease (p = 0.03). Only the curative nature of the second hepatectomy and an interval of more than 1 year between the two procedures were independently related to survival on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Repeat hepatectomies can provide long-term survival rates similar to those of first hepatectomies, with no mortality and comparable morbidity. Combined extrahepatic surgery can be required to achieve tumor eradication. Repeat hepatectomies appear worthwhile when potentially curative.
Parenting and the parallel processes in parents’ counseling supervision for eating-related problems

This paper presents an integrative model for supervising counselors of parents who face eating-related problems in their families. The model is grounded in the theory of parallel processes which occur during the supervision of health-care professionals as well as the counseling of parents and patients. The aim of this model is to conceptualize components and processes in the supervision space, in order to: (a) create a nurturing environment for health-care facilitators, parents and children, (b) better understand the complex and difficult nature of parenting, the challenge counselors face, and the skills and practices used in parenting and in counseling, and (c) better own practices and oppose the judgment that often dominates in counseling and supervision. This paper reflects upon the tradition of supervision and offers a comprehensive view of this process, including its challenges, skills and practices.
The nature of inhibition of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase by thyroxine, iodine cyanide and molecular iodine.

The mechanism of inhibition of the enzyme activity of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase by thyroxine, iodine cyanide and molecular iodine has been further investigated. The results obtained allow us to exclude formation of a protein/inhibitor stable complex, iodination of the enzyme or disaggregation of the protein molecule into inactive subunits as explanations for the enzyme inactivation induced by the iodine-containing compounds. On the other hand, it has been demonstrated that in all cases the enzyme inhibition is dependent on the oxidation of certain—SH groups necessary for the activity. Direct oxidation of the thiol groups of the protein by molecular iodine and iodine cyanide can be easily assumed, whereas the chemical mechanism of the thyroxine-induced enzyme inactivation is harder to explain. However, since neither hormone deiodination nor metal chelation occur, while thyroxine by itself is also able to oxidize the thiol group of reduced glutathione, a direct effect of thyroxine on the sulfhydryl groups of the enzyme is postulated.
A modal process logic

A novel logic is introduced for the introduction of nondeterministic and concurrent processes expressed in a process algebra. For a process algebra to be useful as a process language, it must possess compositionality, i.e. it should be possible to decompose the problem of correctness for a combined system with respect to a given specification of similar and simpler correctness problems for the components of the system. The logic presented allows such specifications to be expressed. It is an extension of process algebra in the sense that process constructs are included as connectives in the logic. Moreover, the formulas of the logic are given an operational interpretation based on which a refinement ordering between formulas is defined. <<ETX>>
Distinct Human T Cell Repertoires Mediate Immediate and Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity to the Trichophyton Antigen, Tri r 21

The 29-kDa subtilase homologue, Tri r 2, derived from the dermatophyte fungus Trichophyton rubrum, exhibits unique immunologic characteristics in its ability to elicit immediate (IH) and delayed-type (DTH) hypersensitivity skin tests in different individuals. Thus, Tri r 2 provides a model for comparing the T cell repertoire in subjects with distinct immune responses to a single Ag. Recombinant Tri r 2 produced as a GST fusion protein in Escherichia coli stimulated strong in vitro lymphoproliferative responses in 10 IH and 10 DTH responders. Patterns of T cell epitope recognition were compared between skin test groups using 28 overlapping peptides (each in 12 replicate wells) derived from Tri r 2 to stimulate T lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. Peptide 5 (P5; aa 41–60) induced the strongest response in DTH subjects and showed the largest difference between DTH and IH responders in proliferation (mean standardized index, 2.22 and 0.82, respectively; p = 0.0047) and number of positive wells (81 vs 12). Responses to P5 were associated with diverse HLA haplotypes. These results showed that P5 contains an immunodominant epitope specifically associated with DTH and that this peptide is recognized in a permissive manner. Cross-validated linear discriminant analysis using T cell proliferative responses to two regions of Tri r 2 (aa 51–90 and 231–270) gave a 95% predictive accuracy for classification of subjects into IH or DTH groups. We conclude that different immune responses to Trichophyton are mediated by distinct T cell repertoires between individuals with IH and DTH reactions to Tri r 2.
The function of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors of the saphenous artery in caveolin-1 knockout and wild-type mice.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Adrenoceptors can associate with cardiac caveolae. To investigate the function of vascular caveolae, adrenoceptor-mediated effects were compared in the saphenous artery of caveolin-1 knockout (cav-1KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Electronmicroscopy was used to detect caveolae. Real-Time quantitative PCR was used for adrenoceptor subtypes. Catecholamine-evoked contractions and relaxations were studied in arterial segments. KEY RESULTS Caveolae were found in arterial smooth muscle from WT but not from cav-1KO mice. Arterial mRNA levels for the adrenoceptors alpha1A, alpha1B, alpha1D, beta1, beta2 and beta3 were similar in cav-1KO and WT. (-)-Noradrenaline contracted cav-1KO (-log EC50M=7.1) and WT (-log EC50M=7.3) arteries through prazosin-sensitive receptors. Maximum (-)-noradrenaline-evoked contractions were greater in cav-1KO than WT arteries. (-)-Isoprenaline relaxed WT arteries (-log EC50M=7.3) more potently than cav-1KO arteries (-log EC50M=6.8); the effects were antagonized partially and similarly by the beta2-selective antagonist ICI118551 (50 nM). The (-)-isoprenaline-evoked relaxation was partially antagonized by the beta1-adrenoceptor-selective antagonist CGP20712 (300 nM) in WT but not cav-1KO arteries. The beta3-adrenoceptor-selective antagonist L748337 (100 nM) partially antagonized the relaxant effects of (-)-isoprenaline in cav-1KO but not in WT arteries. BRL37344 partially relaxed arteries through beta3-adrenoceptors in cav-1KO but not WT. The relaxant effects of BRL37344 were decreased by the NO synthase inhibitor OmegaL-nitroarginine. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The function of arterial alpha1- and beta2-adrenoceptors is similar in cav-1KO and WT mice. beta1-adrenoceptor-mediated relaxation in WT is lost in cav-1KO and replaced by the appearance of beta3-adrenoceptors.
Beyond discrete modeling: A continuous and efficient model for IoT

Internet of Things applications analyze our past habits through sensor measures to anticipate future trends. To yield accurate predictions, intelligent systems not only rely on single numerical values, but also on structured models aggregated from different sensors. Computation theory, based on the discretization of observable data into timed events, can easily lead to millions of values. Time series and similar database structures can efficiently index the mere data, but quickly reach computation and storage limits when it comes to structuring and processing IoT data. We propose a concept of continuous models that can handle high-volatile IoT data by defining a new type of meta attribute, which represents the continuous nature of IoT data. On top of traditional discrete object-oriented modeling APIs, we enable models to represent very large sequences of sensor values by using mathematical polynomials. We show on various IoT datasets that this significantly improves storage and reasoning efficiency.
In vivo comparison of two mixed venous saturation catheters.

The accuracy and stability of mixed venous saturation pulmonary arterial catheters under adverse physiologic conditions has not been assessed. Either a Shaw Opticath catheter (three-wavelength) or a Swan-Ganz oximetry TD catheter (two-wavelength) was calibrated in vitro and positioned in the pulmonary artery in each of ten mongrel dogs. The in vivo saturations were compared to measured saturations from anaerobically collected mixed venous blood analyzed with a reference cooximeter at each step in the protocol. Oxygen delivery was varied to obtain a broad range of mixed venous saturations (Sv-O2) by altering inspired oxygen concentration, isovolemic hemodilution, reducing cardiac output, and increasing afterload. Calculated oxygen consumption varied from 128 to 311 ml/min. Pre-insertion calibration for both catheter types compared favorably with the cooximeter prior to physiologic manipulations, although the three-wavelength catheter more closely approximated the cooximeter. The three-wavelength catheter tracked measured Sv-O2 accurately under adverse conditions for up to 10 h (R = .994; SEE = 2.2%). The two-wavelength catheter tended to drift under the same conditions (R = .808; SEE = 10.6%). At the conclusion of the experiment, the two-wavelength system was uniformly higher then the cooximeter by 5-31% with a mean of 21% (P less than or equal to .003 as compared with the initial difference by paired Student's t test). Pending further analysis of the tendency of the two-wavelength system to drift it would seem prudent to limit its clinical application.
Interactions of Perilipin-5 (Plin5) with Adipose Triglyceride Lipase*

Members of the perilipin family of lipid droplet scaffold proteins are thought to play important roles in tissue-specific regulation of triglyceride metabolism, but the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Present results indicate that adipose triglyceride lipase (Atgl) interacts with perilipin-5 (Plin5) but not perilipin-1 (Plin1). Protein interaction assays in live cells and in situ binding experiments showed that Atgl and its protein activator, α-β-hydrolase domain-containing 5 (Abhd5), each bind Plin5. Surprisingly, competition experiments indicated that individual Plin5 molecules bind Atgl or Abhd5 but not both simultaneously. Thus, the ability of Plin5 to concentrate these proteins at droplet surfaces involves binding to different Plin5 molecules, possibly in an oligomeric complex. The association of Plin5-Abhd5 complexes on lipid droplet surfaces was more stable than Plin5-Atgl complexes, and oleic acid treatment selectively promoted the interaction of Plin5 and Abhd5. Analysis of chimeric and mutant perilipin proteins demonstrated that amino acids 200–463 are necessary and sufficient to bind both Atgl and Abhd5 and that the C-terminal 64 amino acids of Plin5 are critical for the differential binding of Atgl to Plin5 and Plin1. Mutant Plin5 that binds Abhd5 but not Atgl was defective in preventing neutral lipid accumulation compared with wild type Plin5, indicating that the ability of Plin5 to concentrate these proteins on lipid droplets is critical to functional Atgl activity in cells.
Induction of compartmentalized B-cell responses in human tonsils

The capacity of tonsillar and nasal mucosal lymphoid tissues to serve as induction sites of local and/or distant B-cell responses in humans has been examined. The frequencies of vaccine-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASC) in cell suspensions from palatine tonsils (PT) and adenoids were determined after local (intra-tonsillar [i.t.]) and regional (intranasal [i.n.]) immunizations as well as peroral and parenteral immunizations with cholera and tetanus toxoids. While peroral and parenteral immunizations evoked negligible ASC responses in PT, i.t. vaccination induced a substantial ASC response which consisted of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA ASC. Responses were highly restricted to immunized tonsils. Primary immunization in one PT followed by a second immunization of both PT evoked a larger ASC response in the primed tonsil. The latter ASC response was associated with higher frequencies of ASC precursors in primed tonsils. Furthermore, two i.n. immunizations induced only modest ASC responses in PT, although such immunizations evoked high ASC responses in adenoids. However, both i.t. and i.n. routes of immunization induced specific peripheral blood ASC responses, suggesting that a fraction of B cells activated in tonsils or in nasal mucosa may enter the circulation and disseminate to distant organs. These blood ASC responses preceded increases in both IgA and IgG antibody titers in nasal washes and serum samples. However, vaccine-specific ASC were not detected in duodenal cell suspensions from volunteers who had received i.t. or i.n. immunizations. Collectively, these results indicate that tonsils can serve as expression sites of locally induced antibody responses and support the development of immunological memory. Furthermore, tonsils may serve as powerful inductive sites for immune responses expressed in the upper aerodigestive tract.
ANALISIS FAKTOR PENYEBAB PELAKU MELAKUKAN UJARAN KEBENCIAN (HATE SPEECH) DALAM MEDIA SOSIAL

Perkembangan teknologi tidak hanya berupa memberikan dampak positif saja, namun juga memberikan dampak negatifyaitumunculnya berbagai jenis pelanggaran dan bahkan suatu kejahatan yaitu Ujaran Kebencian (Hate Speech ). Kejahatan Ujaran Kebencian (Hate Speech) diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Eleketronik. Permasalahan: apakah yang menjadi faktor penyebab pelaku melakukan Ujaran Kebencian ( Hate Speech) dalam media sosial dan bagaimanakah upaya untuk menanggulangi pelaku yang melakukan Ujaran Kebencian ( Hate Speech) dalam media sosial. Penelitian: Yuridis Normatif dan Yuridis Empiris. Data: studi kepustakaan dan studi lapanga. Narasumber: Penyidik Ditreskrimsus Polda Lampung, Anggota LBH PAHAM cabang Lampung, Seorang Psikolog di Bandar Lampung, dan Dosen Bagian Hukum Pidana Fakultas Hukum Universitas Lampung. Analisis data: kualitatif. Hasil penelitian faktor penyebab pelaku melakukan ujaran kebencian terdiri dari faktor keadaan psikologis individu yaitu kejiwaan, faktor lingkungan, faktor sarana, fasilitas dan kemajuan teknologi, faktor kurangnya kontrol sosial, faktor ketidaktahuan masyarakat, dan faktor kepentingan masyarakat. Sedangkan untuk menanggulangi adalah Akan tetapi faktor yang lebih sering menjadi penyebab kejahatan adalah faktor internal yaitu keadaan psikologis individu dan faktor sarana, fasilitas dan kemajuan teknologi. Upaya penanggulangan kejahatan Ujaran Kebencian (Hate Speech ) dalam media sosial dapat dilakukan dengan cara, yakni upaya penal dan non-penal. Saran dalam penelitian ini adalah Kepolisian harus lebih siap menghadapi perkembangan teknologi informasi yang semakin canggih, Masyarakat diharapkan agar lebih berhati-hati dan lebih bijak dalam menggunakan media internet khususnya media sosial. Kata Kunci : Faktor Penyebab, Ujaran Kebencian (Hate Speech), Media Sosial Daftar Pustaka Abdulsyani, Sosiologi Kriminologi , Bandung, Remadja Karya, 1987 Barda Nawawi Arif, Beberapa Aspek Kebijakan Penegakan dan Pengembangan Hukum Pidana, Jakarta, 1998. M. Choirul Anam dan Muhammad Hafiz, SE Kapolri tentang Penanganan Ujaran Kebencian (Hate Speech) dalam Kerangka Hak Asasi Manusia , 2015
Lung Endothelial Cell Apoptosis During Ischemic Acute Kidney Injury

ABSTRACT Kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) activates cellular and soluble mediators that drive lung inflammatory cascades, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1)–mediated programmed cell death, and microvascular barrier dysfunction, leading to acute lung injury. We hypothesized that lung microvascular endothelial cells (ECs), with their integral role in maintaining the lung-semipermeable barrier, were key cellular targets of TNFR1-mediated apoptosis during ischemic AKI. Male C57/BL6 mice and Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 60 min of bilateral renal pedicle occlusion (IRI) or sham laparotomy (sham) and were killed at 4 or 24 h. Colocalization with TUNEL, DAPI, and CD34 was performed to identify EC-specific apoptosis. Mouse ECs (CD45−/CD31+) isolated with novel tissue digestion techniques and magnetic microbead sorting underwent quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction SuperArray analysis with 84 apoptosis-related genes. In parallel, rat lung microvascular ECs grown to confluence were treated with serum from rats obtained following sham or kidney IRI. Rat lung microvascular ECs treated +/− etanercept, a TNF-&agr;/TNFR1 signaling inhibitor, underwent custom real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis for proapoptotic and TNF superfamily transcriptional events, and apoptosis was identified with caspase 3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity assays. In vivo, TUNEL-positive cells colocalized with CD34 in whole-lung tissue and isolated lung ECs demonstrated a proapoptotic transcriptome during ischemic AKI. In vitro, ischemic AKI incited proapoptotic (FasL, Dapk1, Bcl10) and TNF superfamily (TNFR1, TNFR2, TNF-&agr;) gene activation and increased caspase 3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity at 24 h versus sham. Compared with vehicle, treatment of rat lung microvascular ECs with etanercept inhibited proinflammatory gene activation (E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, interleukin 6, RhoB) and apoptosis during ischemic AKI. Ischemic AKI drives distinct proinflammatory and proapoptotic changes in the pulmonary EC transcriptome with TNFR1-dependent caspase activation and programmed cell death. Further investigation of potential EC mechanisms of kidney-lung crosstalk during AKI may identify potential therapeutic targets for this deadly disease.
Spiroindenes and spiroindanes as antagonists of CC chemokine receptor 2: WO 2009023754

Background: CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) is a GPCR involved in the migration and activation of inflammatory monocytes. A number of studies have highlighted a role for CCR2 in preclinical animal models of atherosclerosis, restenosis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and insulin resistance. Accordingly, pharmaceutical scientists have been investigating the antagonism of CCR2 as a potential therapy. Objective: This patent evaluation examines the report of a new chemical subseries of CCR2 antagonists. Methods: The compounds of the title invention are compared to the related earlier work in the area of CCR2 antagonism. Conclusions: The compounds disclosed in PCT application WO 2009023754 extend previous work in a dipiperidine series of CCR2 antagonists through the introduction of both a 1,2-disubstituted ethanol spacer and a 1′H-spiro[indene-1,4′-piperin]-1′-yl group. These compounds may represent a means of treating diseases driven by CCR2-bearing leukocytes.