Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Mixed-ADC Multi-Antenna Systems for Cloud-RAN Deployments

We propose a mixed analog-to-digital converter ADC (mixed-ADC) structure for a cloud-RAN system, where a single-antenna user terminal communicates with a multi-antenna remote radio head (RRH). In the proposed structure, the RRH is equipped with a mixed-ADC pool that includes multiple ADC units with various resolutions. In this pool, the RRH selects the appropriate ADCs and connects the selected ADCs to each antenna to quantize the received signals; thereby each antenna can have a different resolution ADC. The fronthaul capacity is limited, so that the sum of the bits produced in the selected ADCs is also limited. To maximize the spectral efficiency or the energy efficiency of such a system, we propose algorithms for ADC resolution selection based on an approximation of the generalized mutual information in the low signal-to-noise regime. In the proposed algorithms, we show that for spectral efficiency, using high-resolution ADC on the strong channels is beneficial. The results for energy efficiency maximization are similar, though the largest resolutions are reduced to save power. The simulations show that the proposed method provides significant performance improvement.
Induction and maintenance of nonsymmetrical DNA methylation in Neurospora

One can imagine a variety of mechanisms that should result in self-perpetuating biological states. It is generally assumed that cytosine methylation is propagated in eukaryotes by enzymes that specifically methylate hemimethylated symmetrical sites (e.g., 5′CpG/GpC5′ or 5′CpNpG/GpNpC5′). Although there is wide support for this model, we and others have found examples of methylation that must be propagated by a different mechanism. Most methylated regions of the Neurospora genome that have been examined are products of repeat-induced point mutation, a premeiotic genome defense system that litters duplicated sequences with C⋅G to T⋅A mutations and typically leaves them methylated at remaining cytosines. In general, such relics of repeat-induced point mutation are capable of triggering methylation de novo. Nevertheless, some reflect a mechanism that can propagate heterogeneous methylation at nonsymmetrical sites. We propose that de novo and maintenance methylation are manifestations of a single mechanism in Neurospora, catalyzed by the DIM-2 DNA methyltransferase. The action of DIM-2 is controlled by the DIM-5 histone H3 Lys-9 methyltransferase, which in turn is influenced by other modifications of histone H3. DNA methylation indirectly recruits histone deacetylases, providing the framework of a self-reinforcing system that could result in propagation of DNA methylation and the associated silenced chromatin state.
AMP to Measure Teachers' Professional Identity

To find the reasonably research way for teachers' professional identity. 65 teachers participated in questionnaire, and AMP(affect misattribution procedure). Explicit teachers' professional identity was higher and Average score was 4.48; The AMP results showed teacher's slight pleasant reaction for professional, Results of Two kinds of research methods were consistency on average. But the correlation coefficient of the Explicit questionnaire data, and AMP was small and not significant(r=-0.08, p>0.01), The results of the two research paradigms showed certain consistency, but Each research methods cannot be replaced by other studies.
Mechanisms of cell propulsion by active stresses

The mechanisms by which cytoskeletal flows and cell–substrate interactions interact to generate cell motion are explored by using a simplified model of the cytoskeleton as a viscous gel containing active stresses. This model yields explicit general results relating cell speed and traction forces to the distributions of active stress and cell–substrate friction. It is found that (i) the cell velocity is given by a function that quantifies the asymmetry of the active-stress distribution, (ii) gradients in cell–substrate friction can induce motion even when the active stresses are symmetrically distributed, (iii) the traction-force dipole is enhanced by protrusive stresses near the cell edges or contractile stresses near the center of the cell and (iv) the cell velocity depends biphasically on the cell–substrate adhesion strength if active stress is enhanced by adhesion. Specific experimental tests of the calculated dependences are proposed.
Effects of pressure and pressure cycling on disinfection of Enterococcus sp. in seawater using pressurized carbon dioxide with different content rates

ABSTRACT Interest is growing in a disinfection technique for water treatment without disinfection byproducts. This study presents the result of using a liquid-film-forming apparatus at less than 1.0 MPa for disinfection of seawater. The sensitivity of Enterococcus sp. (ATCC 202155) to the pressurized carbon dioxide (CO2) was examined under various conditions of pressure cycling, pressure, working volume ratio (WVR), and CO2 content rate. The key influences on frequency and magnitude of pressure cycling in enhancing Enterococcus sp. inactivation are elucidated. The results reveal strong correlation between pressure cycling and inactivation efficiency (P-value < 0.001). The outcome of linear regression model analysis suggests that the model can explain 93%, 85%, and 89% of the inactivation efficiency of (25% CO2 + 75% N2), (50% CO2 + 50% N2), and 100% CO2, respectively. The predicted value was fit with experimental results (p-value <0.05). Under identical treatment conditions (pressure = 0.9 MPa, ΔP = 0.14 MPa, 70% WVR, and 20 ± 1°C), treatment with pressurized CO2 (100% purity) resulted in complete inactivation 5.2 log of Enterococcus sp. after 70 cycles within 20 min. The Enterococcus sp. inactivation of pressurized CO2 followed first-order reaction kinetics. The smallest D-value (largest k-value) was induced by pressurized CO2 (100% purity) at 0.9 MPa, which was obtained at 3.85 min (0.5988 min−1, R2 ≥ 0.95). The findings could provide an effective method for enhanced bactericidal performance of pressurized CO2, to address recently emerging problems in water disinfection.
Phase III, multicenter, double-blind, randomized study of letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, for advanced breast cancer versus megestrol acetate.

PURPOSE To compare two doses of letrozole (0.5 mg and 2.5 mg every day) and megestrol acetate (40 mg qid) as endocrine therapy in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer previously treated with antiestrogens. PATIENTS AND METHODS This double-blind, randomized, multicenter, multinational study enrolled 602 patients, all of whom were included in the primary analysis in the protocol. Patients had advanced or metastatic breast cancer with evidence of disease progression while receiving continuous adjuvant antiestrogen therapy, had experienced relapse within 12 months of stopping adjuvant antiestrogen therapy given for at least 6 months, or had experienced disease progression while receiving antiestrogen therapy for advanced disease. Tumors were required to be estrogen receptor- and/or progesterone receptor-positive or of unknown status. Confirmed objective response rate was the primary efficacy variable. Karnofsky Performance Status and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality-of-life assessments were collected for 1 year. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences among the three treatment groups for overall objective tumor response. Patients treated with letrozole 0.5 mg had improvements in disease progression (P =.044) and a decreased risk of treatment failure (P =.018), compared with patients treated with megestrol acetate. Letrozole 0.5 mg showed a trend (P =.053) for survival benefit when compared with megestrol acetate. Megestrol acetate was more likely to produce weight gain, dyspnea, and vaginal bleeding, and the letrozole groups were more likely to experience headache, hair thinning, and diarrhea. CONCLUSION Given a favorable tolerability profile, once-daily dosing, and evidence of clinically relevant benefit, letrozole is equivalent to megestrol acetate and should be considered for use as an alternative treatment of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women after treatment failure with antiestrogens.
Extraction of Hyponymy, Meronymy and Antonymy Relation Pairs : A Brief Survey

Semantic dictionaries are widely used in natural language processing studies. Broad range of methods have been proposed to construct semantic dictionaries until this time. In this study, a brief summary for semantic relation pair extraction is introduced. An overview of selected approaches is given and results are compared to each other for hyponymy, holonymy, and antonymy relations.
Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Acupuncture Point Stimulation at Different Frequencies in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain

Background Acupuncture and related techniques are used worldwide to alleviate pain; however, their mechanisms of action are still not fully understood. In the present study, we investigated the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupuncture point stimulation (TEAS) at different frequencies in a chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain in rats. Methods CCI was induced by ligating the common sciatic nerve, which produced neuropathic pain. 18 male Sprague–Dawley rats with CCI were randomly divided into three groups (n=6 each) that remained untreated (CCI group) or received TEAS at high frequency (CCI+TEAS-H group) or TEAS at low frequency (CCI+TEAS-L group). Rats in the CCI+TEAS-H group received high frequency stimulation (6–9 mA, 100 Hz) at GB34/GV26/ST36; those in the CCI+TEAS-L group received low frequency stimulation (6–9 mA, 2 Hz) at the same points. Rats in the control group had the same electrodes applied but received no stimulation. All three groups were subjected to behavioural studies after treatment. Expression of μ opioid receptors (MORs) in the L3–L5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) was determined by immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting after treatment. Results Compared with the untreated CCI group, both mechanical allodynia and thermal hypergesia were significantly attenuated, and MOR expression in the DRG was significantly increased by low frequency TEAS treatment at GB34/GV26/ST36 (p<0.05). In contrast, no significant differences were observed between the CCI and CCI+TEAS-H groups. Conclusions The use of low frequency TEAS significantly mitigated neuropathic pain in this rat model, and its analgesic effect is likely mediated by upregulation of MOR expression in the DRG.
Analytical Model of Short-Channel Double-Gate JFETs

In this paper, we propose a compact model of the short-channel double-gate (DG) JFETs, which are devices intended for low-power logic applications. In order to make the current equation continuous through all operating conditions from the subthreshold to well above the threshold without nonphysical fitting parameters, mobile carriers in depletion regions are considered. For describing the short-channel behavior, relevant parameters extracted from the 2-D analytical solution of Poisson's equation are used to modify long-channel equations. The field-dependent mobility, velocity saturation, channel-length modulation, and drain-induced barrier lowering are considered in the short-channel analysis. Models for the DG JFET are verified through numerically simulated current-voltage characteristics. Based on the model of the DG JFETs, the advantages of the DG JFETs over single-gate MOSFETs-which may have similar fabrication requirements-with the subthreshold regime are addressed.
The assessment of adeno‐associated vectors as potential intrinsic treatments for brainstem axon regeneration

Adeno‐associated virus (AAV) vector‐mediated transgene expression is a promising therapeutic to change the intrinsic state of neurons and promote repair after central nervous system injury. Given that numerous transgenes have been identified as potential candidates, the present study demonstrates how to determine whether their expression by AAV has a direct intrinsic effect on axon regeneration.
Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines and Their Pyridine-N-glucuronides in the Urine of Smokers and Smokeless Tobacco Users

Tobacco-specific nitrosamines are believed to play a significant role as causes of cancer in people who use tobacco products. Whereas the uptake of one tobacco-specific nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, has been shown by analysis of its metabolites in urine, there are no published studies on urinary levels of N′-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), N′-nitrosoanatabine (NAT), and N′-nitrosoanabasine (NAB) or their metabolites in human urine. We developed a method for quantitation of NNN, NAT, NAB, and their pyridine-N-glucuronides NNN-N-Gluc, NAT-N-Gluc, and NAB-N-Gluc in human urine. Total NNN (NNN plus NNN-N-Gluc) was assayed using 5-methyl-N′-nitrosonornicotine as internal standard. Urine was treated with β-glucuronidase. Following solvent partitioning and solid-phase extraction, total NNN was determined using gas chromatography with nitrosamine-selective detection. Total NAT and total NAB were quantified in the same samples. Separate quantitation of NNN and NNN-N-Gluc was accomplished by extraction of the urine with ethyl acetate before β-glucuronidase hydrolysis; NNN was analyzed in the ethyl acetate extract, and after enzyme treatment, NNN released from NNN-N-Gluc was quantified in the extracted urine. Separate analyses of NAT, NAT-N-Gluc, NAB, and NAB-N-Gluc proceeded similarly. Analyte identities were confirmed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Mean levels of total NNN, NAT, and NAB in the urine of 14 smokers were (pmol/mg creatinine) 0.18 ± 0.22, 0.19 ± 0.20, and 0.040 ± 0.039, respectively, whereas the corresponding amounts in the urine of 11 smokeless tobacco users were 0.64 ± 0.44, 1.43 ± 1.10, and 0.23 ± 0.19, respectively. Pyridine-N-glucuronides accounted for 59% to 90% of total NNN, NAT, and NAB. The results of this study show the presence of NNN, NAT, NAB, and their pyridine-N-glucuronides in human urine and provide a quantitative method for application in mechanistic and epidemiologic studies of the role of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in human cancer.
4 Shock liver

Shock liver describes a collecting pool of critically ill patients in whom the elevation of liver function tests or overt hepatic dysfunction is apparent. Different grades of shock liver affect about 50% of all intensive-care patients, varying from a mild elevation of serum aminotransferase and bilirubin levels in septic patients to an acute onset of high serum aminotransferases after haemodynamic shock. Abnormalities can subside within days or progressively deteriorate when persistent hepatic microcirculatory failure is present. Although hepatic injury in critically ill patients influences mortality rates it is underdiagnosed. The underlying pathophysiology involves changes in the portal and arterial blood supply as well as in microcirculation. Cross-talk between hepatocytes, Kupffer cells and endothelial cells, leading to an inflammatory response mediated primarily by tumour necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), is central to shock liver. The liver is a victim of shock inducers, and can also be the orchestrator of the inflammatory response syndrome (IRS). Hepatic injury by TNF-a is modulated by the prevalent pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory mediator profile elaborated by Kupffer cells. Kupffer cells additionally participate in the clearance of endotoxin, bacteria and inflammatory mediators and are thereby capable of preventing IRS. The hepatocyte undergoes dramatic alterations in synthetic activity, biliary transport, bile flow and glucose metabolism. Although standard determinations of aminotransferases, coagulation studies, glucose, lactate and bilirubin can detect hepatic injury they only partially reflect the cellular mechanisms driving shock liver. The management of shock liver is focused on the prevention of precipitating causes by controlling sepsis, circulation parameters and metabolism in addition to the cautious monitoring of therapeutic measures that can increase hepatic injury, which include intravenous nutrition, mechanical ventilation and catecholamine administration.
Radiation-induced cell cycle response in lymphocytes is not related to clinical side-effects in breast cancer patients.

BACKGROUND We examined whether development of radiation-induced lung injury after irradiation for breast cancer correlates with lymphocyte radiosensitivity (LRS) in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients were selected from a cohort of 177 patients, who were treated with adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy (RT) for loco-regional breast cancer, and included 14 patients who had severe early lung injury measured as respiratory symptoms caused by RT and treated with corticosteroids (i.e. "cases") and a corresponding 14 control patients without such symptoms. LRS was measured as the postirradiation fraction of mitogen-stimulated blood lymphocytes in S- and G2-phase. Plasma levels of TGF-beta 1 and thiols, both suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of radiation-induced lung injury, were also analysed. RESULTS The result showed that cells from the controls responded to a higher extent to mitogen stimulation than cells from the cases (p < 0.05). Analysis of the fraction of S- and G2-phase cells after irradiation showed no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.57 and 0.31, respectively). There was no difference in plasma levels of TGF-beta 1 and thiols in patients who did or did not develop pulmonary injury after RT. Tamoxifen administered before or at RT did not influence the incidence of pulmonary reactions. CONCLUSION No differences in LRS were found between breast cancer patients with lung complications after RT and matched control patients without complications.
Fluorescent in situ hybridization study of c-myc oncogene copy number in prostate cancer.

We previously conducted a study of 88 cases of prostate cancer in an attempt to identify potential prognostic biomarkers that can distinguish aggressive cases that must be treated immediately. Prostate cancer is a serious disease affecting men worldwide and compromises the quality of life of its patients. Biomarkers studied included chromosome 7 trisomy, chromosome 8 trisomy, and HER-2/neu oncogene amplification. These biomarkers were initially studied because trisomy 8 and oncogene amplification of the HER-2/neu gene have been reported in many other cancers, including those studied in this laboratory. In view of the fact that HER-2/neu amplification was not found to play a prominent role in the group of prostate cancer specimens that we studied, an exploration of other biomarkers was felt to be warranted. Thus, we began a pilot study of c-myc oncogene copy number in prostate cancer using the same protocol for fluorescent in situ hybridization and a direct-labeled SpectrumOrange LSI c-myc probe (Vysis, Inc., Downers Grove, IL) on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. From a total of 36 cases of prostate cancers successfully analyzed, we found 11 (31%) tumors exhibiting 3 or more positive signals for c-myc in 15% or more of the cells. Of these, only 7 tumors (19% of the total cases studied) had >/=3 signals in 20% or more of the cells. No case had >/=3 signals in 25% or more of the cells. Compared to other molecular probes tested, the c-myc signals were more faint and the quality of the preparation was less optimal than other tumor specimens that we previously studied. Based on the information available thus far, we conclude that an increased copy number in c-myc oncogene copy number was not a prominent finding in our cohort of prostate cancer patients.
Economic complexity, human capital and economic growth: empirical research based on cross-country panel data

ABSTRACT Economic complexity reflects a country’s production capabilities and plays an important role in economic growth. This article measures the economic complexity of 210 countries using the method of reflections, and investigates the impact of economic complexity and human capital on economic growth. The measurement results show that there are significant differences regarding the level of complexity among countries. High-income economies have higher complexity than low- and middle-income economies. The empirical findings demonstrate that economic complexity and different levels of human capital have positive effects on long- and short-term growth. A positive interaction effect on economic growth exists between economic complexity and human capital. In addition, secondary education as a proxy for human capital has a relatively greater positive direct effect and a much stronger interactive effect with complexity on economic growth. In addition, the magnitude of the interaction effect between economic complexity and human capital on long- and short-term growth increases as the revealed comparative advantage threshold grows.
Effects of sunscreen on skin cancer and photoaging

Application of sunscreen to the skin is widely used as an adjunct strategy, along with wearing protective clothing and seeking shade, to protect against skin cancer and photoaging that result from excessive sun exposure. Many epidemiological studies of case–control and cohort study design have studied the effects of sunscreen use on skin cancer, and more recently photoaging, but their findings have been mostly uninformative. This review of results of randomized controlled trials shows that the evidence, though limited, supports beneficial effects of sunscreen application on the occurrence of skin cancers and skin photoaging.
An atomic force microscope operating at hypergravity for in situ measurement of cellular mechano‐response

We present a novel atomic force microscope (AFM) system, operational in liquid at variable gravity, dedicated to image cell shape changes of cells in vitro under hypergravity conditions. The hypergravity AFM is realized by mounting a stand‐alone AFM into a large‐diameter centrifuge. The balance between mechanical forces, both intra‐ and extracellular, determines both cell shape and integrity. Gravity seems to be an insignificant force at the level of a single cell, in contrast to the effect of gravity on a complete (multicellular) organism, where for instance bones and muscles are highly unloaded under near weightless (microgravity) conditions. However, past space flights and ground based cell biological studies, under both hypogravity and hypergravity conditions have shown changes in cell behaviour (signal transduction), cell architecture (cytoskeleton) and proliferation. Thus the role of direct or indirect gravity effects at the level of cells has remained unclear. Here we aim to address the role of gravity on cell shape. We concentrate on the validation of the novel AFM for use under hypergravity conditions. We find indications that a single cell exposed to 2 to 3 × g reduces some 30–50% in average height, as monitored with AFM. Indeed, in situ measurements of the effects of changing gravitational load on cell shape are well feasible by means of AFM in liquid. The combination provides a promising technique to measure, online, the temporal characteristics of the cellular mechano‐response during exposure to inertial forces.