Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
3D Environment Detection Using Multi-View Color Images and LiDAR Point Clouds

We present a “3D environment detection using multi-view color images and LiDAR point clouds” in this paper. Combining “multi-view color images” and “LiDAR point clouds” to solve the problem of insufficient resolution of traditional LiDAR point clouds to further realize accurate three-dimensional environment detection and recognition. The system adopts eight cameras to capture multi-view panorama images and combines with the depth information of the LiDAR point clouds to establish high-resolution 3D color images and depth images for subsequent objects detection and segmentation. According to the 3D point clouds information and multi-view images, 3D dynamic environment preprocessing, data processing and data format conversion are performed, the neural network input signal is extracted. Then through the neural network training, to determine the three-dimensional environment, and cutting out obstacles such as cars and pedestrians.
Secondary Voltage and Frequency Restoration Control of Droop-Controlled Inverter-Based Microgrids

Though microgrid technology has many advantages, stable operation with paralleled distributed generation (DG) must be ensured with proper controls. Droop control ensures distributed loading of DGs, but it has some limitations, namely, a large frequency deviation may occur if a large load demands reactive power sharing, the errors due to disproportional line impedance, etc. In order correct the voltage and frequency steady-state deviations of controlled inverter-based microgrids, the secondary control is needed. This paper proposes primary and secondary control for islanded microgrids (MGs) based on the P-V/Q-f droop control strategy. Based on the droop control method and the inverter's double-loop control, the primary control of hierarchical structure controls the distributed generations and loads, while secondary control allows restoration and improvement of the quality of frequency and voltage magnitude after each load change. The virtual impedance is proposed in order to improve the power sharing performance, by redesigning the converters' equivalent output impedance as pure resistance. An islanded MG test system consisting of four DGs is built in MATLAB and RT-EVENTS of OPAL-RT Technologies to illustrate the design approach. The effectiveness of the proposed control methodology is verified by offline simulation.
Investigating Transmembrane Current Source Formulation for Solving the ECG Inverse Problem

The ElectroCardioGraphy (ECG) inverse problem has gained a rising interest over the past decades as a tool to non-invasively retrieve cardiac electrical information from body surface measurements. However it is still very challenging due to its ill-posed nature and needs to be regularized. Many formulations of this problem are well established in the cardiac electrophysiology community: equivalent dipole, potential, and activation time-based formulations. Surprisingly, the ECG inverse problem has never been investigated in terms of transmembrane current source model. The latter are derived from the bidomain theory in terms of transmembrane potentials or local activation time, but not in terms of transmembrane current sources. In this paper, we propose a volumetric transmembrane current based formulation of the ECG inverse problem and compare it with the epicardial potential based approach. This was done by studying the performance of two L1 based and two L2 based regularizations for solving the inverse problem. In [1], the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) framework combined with the discrepancy principle is successfully used to update the regularization parameter in sparse regularization. We adopt the same strategy and adapt this scheme for Tikhonov regularization. Performance of each formulation is assessed using realistic data generated by a 3D coupled heart-torso propagation model in an idealized geometry. Results in terms of localization error and electrical mappings visualization are presented. It is shown on the one hand that the transmembrane current formulation gives promising results and deserves further investigation. On the other hand, the discrepancy principle applied to a split variable problem was successfully applied to Tikhonov regularization.
Time Efficient Integrated Electro-Thermal Model for Bidirectional Synchronous DC-DC Converter in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

This paper introduces a simple and fast method to calculate the junction temperature of power electronic devices in a 3-phase DC-DC converter by representing converter dynamics during a simulated drive cycle. Simulating a DC-DC converter as a switching model during a drive cycle, which can have durations of 1000 to 2000 seconds or more, requires long simulation times and/or high-processing units like cluster computers. Thus, this paper presents a state-space averaged model to describe the 3- phase interleaved converter dynamics in buck and boost modes. Converter dynamics of the averaged model are compared to those of the switching model at different operating conditions to validate the model. The full Simulink model includes a battery model, the buck-boost average model, a buck-boost temperature- dependent power loss model, and a thermal model. The power loss calculated by the proposed method is compared to that of the switching Simulink/PLECS model, and the error is found to be less than 4% over a variety of operating points.
Improved correction methods for measuring altitude by Radar and Barometer

Geometric altitude of air targets may be found from radar or barometric measurement. However, radar rays are affected by changes in refractive index gradients which result in non-normal bending of rays. Similarly, precision of barometric altitude is affected by the atmospheric deviation away from barometer standard calibrated sea level temperature and pressure, and deviation away from standard temperature lapse rate. Together these effects may lead to hundreds of meters of difference in match between barometric geometric height and radar geometric height. In this report we are proposing two alternative altitude correction methods. Both methods are applied to pairs of ground radar and barometry altitude of civilian airplanes. The most promising of the methods relies on using the meteorological atmospheric forecasting model AROME Arctic. For several of our measurement series this procedure reduces averaged difference between barometric altitude and radar altitude from 400–700 meters down to about 100 meters.
Multiresolution Analysis on Searching for People in Gigapixel Images

Digital images can be found in several sizes and they can be easily displayed on a computer screen using algorithms that reduce their dimensions. Recent advances have contributed to the emergence of gigapixel images with a large amount of information. These images can be understood as an image mosaic with multiple single pictures. In this work, we propose and analyze a multiresolution method for finding people in gigapixel images. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed approach.
Mechanisms of child behavior change in parent training: Comment on Weeland et al. (2018)

Abstract Recently in this journal, Weeland et al. (2018) published a thought-provoking article reporting moderating effects of children's serotonin transporter-linked polymorphisms (5-HTTLPR) on negative parenting during prevention with the Incredible Years series. Participants were parents and young children of 387 families enrolled in the Observational Randomized Control Trial of Childhood Differential Susceptibility study. An equally important finding, which we focus on in this comment, involved null effects for all tests of parenting as a mediator of prevention-induced improvements in children's externalizing behavior. Although such findings may seem surprising, both confirmations of and failures to confirm parenting change as a mediator of child behavior change are common in the prevention and intervention literatures. In this comment, we explore likely reasons for heterogeneity in findings, including both moderators of treatment effect size and methods used to test mediation. Common moderators of prevention and intervention response to Incredible Years include dose, parenting problems at intake, high-risk versus clinical nature of samples, how parenting is measured, and whether child training is included with parent training. All of these moderators affect power to detect mediation. We then discuss conceptual criteria for testing mediation in randomized clinical trials, and problems with interpreting mediating paths in cross-lag panel models. Although the gene effect reported by Weeland et al. is important, their cross-lag panel models do not provide strong tests of parenting as a mediator of child behavior change. We conclude with recommendations for testing mediation in randomized clinical trials.
On-line routing of virtual circuits with applications to load balancing and machine scheduling

In this paper we study the problem of on-line allocation of routes to virtual circuits (both <italic>point-to-point</italic> and <italic>multicast</italic>) where the goal is to route all requests while minimizing the required bandwidth. We concentrate on the case of <italic>Permanent</italic> virtual circuits (i.e., once a circuit is established it exists forever), and describe an algorithm that achieves on <italic>O</italic> (log <italic>n</italic>) competitive ratio with respect to maximum congestin, where <italic>n</italic>is the number of nodes in the network. Informally, our results show that instead of knowing all of the future requests, it is sufficient to increase the bandwidth of the communication links by an <italic>O</italic> (log <italic>n</italic>) factor. We also show that this result is tight, that is, for any on-line algorithm there exists a scenario in which ***(log <italic>n</italic>) increase in bandwidth is necessary in directed networks. We view virtual circuit routing as a generalization of an on-line load balancing problem, defined as follows: jobs arrive on line and each job must be assigned to one of the machines immediately upon arrival. Assigning a job to a machine increases the machine's load by an amount that depends both on the job and on the machine. The goal is to minimize the maximum load. For the <italic>related machines</italic> case, we describe the first algorithm that achieves constant competitive ratio. for the <italic>unrelated</italic> case (with <italic>n</italic>machines), we describe a new method that yields <italic>O</italic>(log<italic>n</italic>)-competitive algorithm. This stands in contrast to the natural greed approach, whose competitive ratio is exactly <italic>n</italic>. show that this result is tight, that is, for any on-line algorithm there exists a scenario in which ***(log <italic>n</italic>) increase in bandwidth is necessary in directed networks.
On the Effect of Traffic and Road Conditions on the Drivers’ Behavior: A Statistical Analysis

In the last decade, naturalistic driving studies (NDSs) have given researchers an unprecedented way to study the behavior of drivers through the deployment of, and capturing the data from, on-board vehicle sensors and cameras. The ability to determine the dominant driving risk facto rs can play an essenti al role in shaping transportation policies and education programs for drivers. This paper presents a cohort study statistical analysis to determine the risks associated with traffic and road surface conditions, quanti fied in terms of crash and near crash events. Two risk quantification measures, odds ratio (OR) and relative risk (RR, are utilized to signify the associated risk. For this research we used the 100-CAR data set, with a total of 829 crash and near crash and 19616 baseline events, which are driving events captured randomly in normal driving episodes. In the 100-CAR data set, traffic density is divid ed into six levels according to the traffic flow con dition. Similarly, road su rface condition is divided into four categories. To quantify the statistical significance of the results, measures such as the p-value are employed. The results show that icy roads with level-of-service (LOS) A, wet roads with LOS D, and dry roads with LOS D have the highest risk for crashes and near crashes. These results are proven to be of statistical significance.
High Temperature Operation and Increased Cooling Capabilities of Switched Reluctance Machines using 3D Printed Ceramic Insulated Coils

This paper presents the thermal modelling of a high speed switched reluctance machine (SRM) for automotive applications. The focus is on the thermal behavior of the winding structure to improve the cooling and high temperature operation. A novel approach to produce completely ceramic insulated copper coils will be presented using an additive manufacturing technique which was developed at the Chemnitz University of Technology (TUC). The comparison between conventional resin insulated coils and ceramic insulated windings will be carried out considering the SRM characteristics at a specific point of operation.
Ethical Concerns in Sport: When the Will to Win Exceed the Spirit of Sport

Background: The need to advance and achieve success is deeply ingrained in human evolution. As a species, humans developed instincts that allowed them to survive and transmit their genes along generations. The will to win is an instinct that has been maintained in the species for millions of years. Sport is an activity as old as humans themselves and is subject to rules; Objective: The proposal of this work is to explore some of the most recurrent practices to achieve the athletes’ goals, and the origins and historical use of methods or substances to improve performance and its regulation, as well as to review the impact of new technologies on achieving better results and to make a proposal of what actions should be takenin order to prevent bad practices; Methods: A narrative literature review of ethical sports issues and decision-making was performed in the English language; Results: Practically all behavior with regards to the theme of sports is regulated by ethical codes that must be followed by sportspersons, as well as by everyone involved in the athlete’s healthcare and in the athlete’s administrative, marketing, and business aspects. Notwithstanding this, winning and reaping glory implies a reward far greater than fame and fortune, which can lead to poor ethical practices in athletes, as well as in interested parties who detract from the intrinsic value of the spirit of sports. The will to win could exceed the limits of what is permitted in fair-play, like the use of prohibited methods or substances; Conclusions: In this work, we review some of the bioethical aspects ofsports. Additionally, recommendations are offered for good practices and to prevent falling into poor ethical behavior.
Towards Predicting Cyber Attacks Using Information Exchange and Data Mining

In this paper, we present an empirical evaluation of an approach to predict attacker's activities based on information exchange and data mining. We gathered the cyber security alerts shared within the SABU platform, in which around 220,000 alerts from heterogeneous geographically distributed sensors (intrusion detection systems and honeypots) are shared every day. Subsequently, we used the methods of sequential rule mining to identify common attack patterns and to derive rules for predicting attacks. As we illustrate in this paper, a collaborative environment allows attack prediction in multiple dimensions. First, we can predict what will the attacker do next and when. Second, we can predict where will the attack hit, e.g., when an attacker is targeting several networks at once. In a weeklong experiment, we processed in total over 1 million alerts, from which we mined predictive rules every day. Our findings show that most of the rules display stable values of support and confidence and, thus, can be used to predict cyber attacks in consecutive days after mining without a need to actualize the rules every day.
Radar and Optical Image Fusion using Airborne Sensor Data from the Heligoland Island

An accurate geometrical alignment of remote sensing data is the basis for higher-level image processing techniques used to extract information. Fusing radar image data with other sensor data sources states a special case because the coordinate system is based on the measured range which causes ambiguous regions due to layover effects. An accurate 3D representation of the scene is essential to find a fitting geometrical transformation between the respective sensor image spaces. This paper applies a method that accurately maps detailed 3D information of the German island of Heligoland to the slant-range-based coordinate system of radar images imaged by DLR’s airborne F-SAR sensor. The highly accurate 3D information along with optical imagery has been acquired by DLR’s airborne optical sensor system MACS.
The Cost of Unknown Diameter in Dynamic Networks

For dynamic networks with unknown diameter, we prove novel lower bounds on the time complexity of a range of basic distributed computing problems. Together with trivial upper bounds under dynamic networks with known diameter for these problems, our lower bounds show that the complexities of all these problems are sensitive to whether the diameter is known to the protocol beforehand: Not knowing the diameter increases the time complexities by a large poly(N) factor as compared to when the diameter is known, resulting in an exponential gap. Our lower bounds are obtained via communication complexity arguments and by reducing from the two-party DisjointnessCP problem. We further prove that sometimes this large poly(N) cost can be completely avoided if the protocol is given a good estimate on N. In other words, having such an estimate makes some problems no longer sensitive to unknown diameter.
BUSCA EXTREMAL ESTOCÁSTICA APLICADA À ESTIMULAÇÃO ELÉTRICA NEUROMUSCULAR EM PACIENTES COM AVC

A tecnica de Busca Extremal Estocastica (Stochastic Extremum Seeking - ES) e aplicada para adaptar os ganhos de um controlador Proporcional-Integral-Derivativo (PID) na estimulacao eletrica neuromuscular (NMES). O esquema proposto e aplicado no controle da posicao do braco de pacientes com sequelas de Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) para coordenar os movimentos de flexao e extensao dos bracos. Esta abordagem elimina os testes iniciais de sintonia e os parâmetros do controlador sao automaticamente computados em tempo real. Os parâmetros PID sao ajustados atraves de uma versao discreta multivariavel do ES estocastico para minimizar uma funcao de custo que representa o desempenho dos requisitos desejados. Resultados experimentais com pacientes com AVC mostram as especificacoes geralmente consideradas na fisioterapia para reabilitacao funcional sao eventualmente satisfeitas em termos de erro estacionario, tempo de assentamento e percentual de ultrapassagem. Resultados quantitativos apresentam uma reducao de 64:2% no erro medio quadratico (Root Mean Square Error - RMSE) – de 9:52 para 3:41 – quando comparado o primeiro e ultimo ciclo nos experimentos com todos os individuos.
Computational Modeling of Electrophysiology and Pharmacotherapy of Atrial Fibrillation: Recent Advances and Future Challenges

The pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation (AF) is broad, with components related to the unique and diverse cellular electrophysiology of atrial myocytes, structural complexity, and heterogeneity of atrial tissue, and pronounced disease-associated remodeling of both cells and tissue. A major challenge for rational design of AF therapy, particularly pharmacotherapy, is integrating these multiscale characteristics to identify approaches that are both efficacious and independent of ventricular contraindications. Computational modeling has long been touted as a basis for achieving such integration in a rapid, economical, and scalable manner. However, computational pipelines for AF-specific drug screening are in their infancy, and while the field is progressing quite rapidly, major challenges remain before computational approaches can fill the role of workhorse in rational design of AF pharmacotherapies. In this review, we briefly detail the unique aspects of AF pathophysiology that determine requirements for compounds targeting AF rhythm control, with emphasis on delimiting mechanisms that promote AF triggers from those providing substrate or supporting reentry. We then describe modeling approaches that have been used to assess the outcomes of drugs acting on established AF targets, as well as on novel promising targets including the ultra-rapidly activating delayed rectifier potassium current, the acetylcholine-activated potassium current and the small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel. Finally, we describe how heterogeneity and variability are being incorporated into AF-specific models, and how these approaches are yielding novel insights into the basic physiology of disease, as well as aiding identification of the important molecular players in the complex AF etiology.
Is Diffusion-weighted MRI Really Superior to PET/CT in Predicting Survival after Radioembolization?

274 radiology.rsna. org n Radiology: Volume 289: Number 1—October 2018 Response From Selmi Yilmaz, PhD,* and M. Zahit Adisen, PhD† Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Akdeniz Universitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, P.K. 10 Dumlupınar Bulvarı Kampüs, PBX:07058 Konyaaltı, Antalya, Turkey* e-mail: selmiyard@gmail.com Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey†
The Successful Use of Apixaban in Dialysis Patients with Calciphylaxis Who Require Anticoagulation: A Retrospective Analysis

Calciphylaxis is a disease of dermal arteriolar calcification that results in necrosis. It commonly occurs in individuals with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis and is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Warfarin use is an identified risk factor. Twenty patients with ESRD on dialysis with calciphylaxis who were treated with apixaban for indications of deep vein thrombosis or atrial fibrillation were identified. There were no reports of thrombosis. Three individuals experienced bleeding requiring a transfusion, and anticoagulation was resumed without further event. Findings suggest that apixaban may be a safe and effective alternative to warfarin in patients with ESRD on dialysis with calciphylaxis.
Optimizing Converter Control for Embedded HVDC Power

High-voltage direct current (HVDC) connections enable efficient and controllable long-distance transmission of large amounts of power, e.g. from off-shore windfarms to land or between different countries and will therefore become more and more important in the near future. This paper studies the optimization of the operation of a power network with embedded HVDC connections. Two optimization scenarios are considered: the minimization of power losses and the minimization Non-Delivered Energy in case of connection failures. For both scenarios, mathematical optimization models were formulated and intelligent optimization algorithms were developed. These were implemented in a software tool that applies these algorithms on power networks based on the MATACDC software. Computational experiments with IEEE benchmarks show that the investigated optimization methods have a strong potential to improve the operation of HVDC connections.