Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The phytochemical and pharmacological profi le of Persea

During the past decade, the traditional systems have gained importance in the field of medicine. The World Health Organization estimates that 4 billion people, 80% of the world population, presently use herbal medicine for some aspect of primary health care. Herbal medicine is a major component in all indigenous people’s traditional medicine and a common element in Ayurvedic, homeopathic, naturopathic, traditional, oriental, and Native American, and Indian medicine. Many drugs commonly used today are of herbal origin because of their safety, quality, and effi cacy. Indeed, about 25% of the prescription drugs dispensed in the USA contain at least one active ingredient derived from plant material. The present attempt is to review and compile updated information on various aspects of P. americana, a plant used in the Indian system of medicine for a variety of purposes. P. americana Mill. is commonly known as avocado. The avocado tree has shiny evergreen, elliptic leaves 4-8 in number and 10-20 cm long. It is a much more branched, medium-sized tree and is cultivated for its delicious and highly nutritious fruit. There are at least 500 named cultivars. One of the most popular cultivars is Fuerte and Mexican-Guatemalan hybrid with smoothskinned, shiny green, pear-shaped fruits.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TWO-PHASE FLOW IN AN EFFERVESCENT ATOMIZER WITH BIOFUEL APPLICATION

The Effervescent atomizer, which is a type of internal-mixing twin-fluid atomizer, has been showed to work well with biofuels in terms of lower droplets size at relatively low injection pressure. The two phase flow inside the atomizer was numerically simulated using the volume of fluid model. Validation with experimental work was performed. The present results showed that the gas to liquid mass ratio (GLR) is one of the major contributory factors affecting the atomizer performance. The two phase flow was identified as slug flow in the discharge passage at low GLR (.08%). The flow evolved to slugannular flow at GLR= 0.5%. At relatively high GLR (0.8%) the annular flow was distinguished. The mixing between phases was augmented with increasing GLR. Finally the liquid film thickness at the atomizer outlet was calculated and compared with the conventional aviation Jet-A1 fuel. The results showed that the liquid film thickness almost remains unchanged at low GLRs, though the higher biofuel viscosity, order of four. But, for higher GLRs, the liquid film thickness slightly changed. Finally, the results unveil the superiority of effervescent atomizer with Jatropha biofuel. شج ت زا شاتحم شلغاتيخشتدتي ثتيس ا شج تنغبزد ش تغ ح ش نح ش زتل شملتغحيد شاودو تب ش ثتغ ن شج زغاد تبشلةخزت لشو تف ت اتجيشك ذ ش رلص بشه لةدس ش اودل ش تفلزخ ج شحيسشوهشثحيلة شرا ص شته شن ش الجد ش نشزتغم ش تل شلتهشثتغ ل شهتدجلش ش ه لادتس شلتف شنت ش عشاودو شع شث لادس شاودو شج ررذ شع ون شلح شح شل ل (شلن روف شررذ شوهشثج (effervescent شش شج ررذت شع ون شلح شوهل ش لح ل شلحا شج وشع شثغ نز هن شثيب س شذ ابلا شن شلجلل ش شلتطلي زيرذتخ ش ش وات شلتنعشج زتطي شتتجحشزات شرتغحشنت شلتضف غةسنشثضفان ش ت ل شزات شك ذ تغ ش ث لادتس شس تا شث ش شررذت شلت اشروتط شل تنزش يزتس شت ت ا شثتيز نشثتس راشلت عشتتخشك ذت ش فلزخ ج شاودو ي شح خل لا شع شج دن شثنر ش ثيب س شذ اب ثس رل شن شلجلل ش ثغ ا ش شنت شلتهشاوتدو شثتحد شكت شس تا شثحد شثةسنش لفش ررذ شء ا شلحعشتززؤ شل ول شته اوتدلشلتد ش تقنغبلشثتل جد شلتد شلوت شلتحعشس تا ش يزتسش وتويشثتضفان شاسن شلن ش ش ت عطيد شو ورشلطلي سشع لش ي ش شلتجلل شهت وحشنت شاودو تبش تا لشلتصد شلتيححشءشتجشلوت شلتحعشس تا ش وويشاودوح شس ا شثةسنشتا ثلفخز شاسن شلنعشلضف ش وويشاودو لشس ا شنغبشلحا ش شلحعش لجشتق شزغز خشن شه ش شجزا شلنعشاودو شك سشب سحش ضي شتخ ج زتطي شتتجح ش تنوود ث ش شاوتدلشك تسبشهتدنر ي شحت خل Jet-A1 ش ج ز تط شلتفش تغ حش لادتس ش ثتير جد شلاشل تس شك تسش شلتجللش ش ثتغ ل شاتسن شلنعشلغسبشزغاخشذلايلش اودو شل شس اح شثضفان شاسن لنعشزغادي ؤيش ت شلتفشلن روتف شررذت شثغحتضف شلتحعشلت شيوغا شاودو ش لادس شج يغةطخ شثد طح شليلبشرلص شلف قخ يغةطخشثف وبشثيس ا شج نغبزد ش
Corneal endothelial tissue engineering using multi-layered polymer membranes

membranes J. Delaeya, J. Van Hooricka, B. Van Den Bogerdb, C. Koppenb, P. Dubruela, S. Van Vlierberghea Presenting author: Jasper Delaey, jasper.delaey@ugent.be a Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent (Belgium) b Department of Ophthalmology, Visual Optics and Visual Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk (Belgium)
Optimised degradation correction for SCIAMACHY satellite solar measurements from 330 to 1600 nm by using its internal white light source

SCIAMACHY (SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY) on-board the European Environmental Satellite (Envisat) provided spectrally resolved measurements in the wavelength range from 0.24 to 2.4 μm by looking into the Earth’s atmosphere using different viewing geometries (limb, nadir, solar, and lunar occultation). These observations were used to derive a multitude of parameters, in particular atmospheric trace gas amounts. In addition to radiance measurements solar spectral irradiances (SSIs) were measured on a daily basis. The instrument was operating for nearly a decade, from August 2002 to April 2012. Due to the harsh space environment, it suffered from continuous optical degradation. As part of recent radiometric calibration activities an optical (physical) model was introduced that describes the behaviour of the scanner unit of SCIAMACHY with time (Krijger et al., 2014). This model approach accounts for optical degradation by assuming contamination layers on optical surfaces in the scanner unit. The variation in layer thicknesses of the various optical components is determined from the combination of solar measurements from different monitoring light paths available for SCIAMACHY. In this paper, we present an optimisation of this degradation correction approach, which in particular improves the solar spectral data. An essential part of the modification is the use of measurements from SCIAMACHY’s internal white light source (WLS) in combination with direct solar measurements. The WLS, as an independent light source, therefore, gives an opportunity to better separate instrument variations and natural solar variability. However, the WLS emission depends on its burning time and changes with time as well. To use these measurements in the optimised degradation correction, the change in the WLS emission in space needs to be characterised first. The changes in the WLS with accumulated burning time are in good agreement with detailed laboratory lamp studies by Sperling et al. (1996). Although the optimised degradationcorrected SCIAMACHY SSIs still show some instrumental issues when compared to SSI measurements from other instruments and model reconstructions, our study demonstrates the potential for the use of an internal WLS for degradation monitoring.
Review for Optimisation of Neural Networks With Genetic Algorithms and Design of Experiments in Stock Market Prediction

Neural networks are commonly used methods in stock market predictions. From the earlier studies in the literature, the requirement of optimising neural networks has been emphasised to increase the profitability, accuracy and performance of neural networks in exchange rate prediction. The paper proposes a literature review of two techniques to optimise neural networks in stock market predictions: genetic algorithms and design of experiments. These two methods have been discussed in three approaches to optimise the following aspects of neural networks: variables, input layer and hyper-parameters.
Market Monitoring and Managerial Incentives under Dynamic Contracting

I study the impact of stock price informativeness on incentives and contractual efficiency in a dynamic agency setting. In the model, the firm’s stock price is the outcome of speculative trading that efficiently impounds dispersed information in the market. The stock price is an aggregate and rational forecast of future firm value, but as a managerial performance measure, it includes incentive irrelevant noise and is insensitive to the actual effort decision of the manager. Under multi-period contracting, the interim stock price also acts as the performance benchmark for the subsequent period. When contracts are renegotiated in light of updated beliefs about future firm value, these two conflicting roles of stock price – current performance measure and future performance benchmark – are not optimally coordinated over time. Consequently, there are many situations where stock price informativeness negatively impacts the manager’s long-term effort incentive and contractual efficiency. Furthermore, when firm insiders can form their own more accurate forecast of future cash flow, a long-term renegotiable contract contingent only on realized cash flow can outperform a long-term full commitment contract contingent on both interim stock price and realized cash flow.
THE NEXUS BETWEEN ENERGY CONSUMPTION, ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND URBANIZATION IN LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN COUNTRIES: AN APPROACH WITH PVAR MODEL

The nexus between energy consumption, economic growth and urbanization were analyzed for a panel of twentyone Latin American and Caribbean countries over a period from 1980-2014. The Panel Data Vector Autoregressive (PVAR) was used in order to analyze the relationship among all variables. The results indicated that there is a unidirectional relationship between urbanization and energy consumption, and a bidirectional nexus among economic growth and energy consumption in Latin America and Caribbean region.
PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTALS BY HYDROLYSIS IN MIXTURE OF HYDROCHLORIC AND NITRIC ACIDS

В работе применен гидротермальный метод получения нанокристаллической целлюлозы (НКЦ) в смеси соляной и азотной кислот при молярном соотношении 8:2, 7:3, 6:4 и 5:5. Гидролиз сульфатной целлюлозы в смеси азотной и соляной кислот проводили в герметичном толстостенном сосуде из нержавеющей стали с тефлоновым вкладышем в течение 3 ч при 110 °С. Свойства НКЦ охарактеризованы с использованием различных методов: элементного анализа, термогравиметрического анализа, ИК спектроскопии, поляризационной оптической и электронной сканирующей микроскопии, метода динамического рассеяния света. Определен выход НКЦ, размер и заряд частиц, степень полимеризации, температура термодеструкции, изучена морфология образцов. Самый высокий выход (32 %) наблюдается при соотношении соляной и азотной кислот 7:3. Найдено, что частицы НКЦ имеют сферическую форму со средним размером 60-80 нм. Сделано предположение, что в присутствии сильного окислителя происходит гидролиз не только аморфных областей целлюлозы, но и частично кристаллических, что сказывается на конечной форме частиц НКЦ. Показано, что гидролиз в смеси соляной и азотной кислот вызывает окисление первичных гидроксильных групп пиранозного кольца целлюлозы и образование поверхностных карбоксильных групп. Водные суспензии НКЦ демонстрируют высокую коллоидную стабильность вследствие достаточно большого поверхностного заряда. Отмечается значительное повышение термической устойчивости НКЦ по сравнению с образцом НКЦ, полученным стандартным сернокислотным гидролизом: температура термического разложения увеличивается на 130-148 °С.
ENDOMORPHISMS AND BIJECTIONS OF THE CHARACTER

We answer a question of Gelander and Souto in the special case of the free group of rank 2. The result may be stated as follows. If F is a free group of rank 2, and G is a proper subgroup of F, the restriction of homomorphisms F→ SL 2(C) to the subgroup G defines a map from the character variety χ(F,SL 2(C)) to the character variety χ(G,SL 2(C)); this algebraic map never induces a bijection between these two character varieties. RÉSUMÉ. Le résultat suivant, qui répond à une question de Gelander et Souto dans un cas particulier, est démontré : si F est le groupe libre de rang 2 et G est un sous-groupe de F, la restriction des homomorphismes F→ SL 2(C) au sous-groupe G fournit une application de la variété des caractères χ(F,SL 2(C)) vers la variété des caractères χ(G,SL 2(C)); cette application algébrique n’est bijective que si G coïncide avec F.
Determinants of Price Earnings Ratio in Manufacturing Industry in Jordan

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى المساهمة بشكل إيجابي إلى مساعدة المستثمرين من خلال تحديد أهم المتغيرات التي تسبب الاختلاف في نسبة سعر السهم إلى ربحيته، في حين أن الغرض الرئيسي من الدراسة هو تأسيس علاقة ما بين نسبة سعر السهم إلى ربحيته والعوامل التي تحدده. جمعت الدراسة البيانات المالية للفترة 2000 - 2013 من سوق عمان المالي لشركات القطاع الصناعي في الأردن، ومن خلال استخدام نموذج الانحدار البسيط. وجدت الدراسة أن نسبة توزيع الأرباح، وتوبينQ، وحجم الشركة، ومعدل نمو الأرباح لهم تأثير جوهري على النسبة. كما بينت الدراسة أن معدل توزيع الأرباح وتوبين Q لهما علاقة طردية، في حين كانت العلاقة عكسية بين الحجم ونمو الأرباح.
Formation of transport-logistic clusters in Ukraine

Transport play an important role in the development of the economy. For efficient functioning of the transport system there should be not only high technical condition of rolling stock, but also developed transport infrastructure. The geographic position of Ukraine makes it a promising transit state. Thanks to the research, it has been found that in Ukraine there are priority terrestrial modes of transport in comparison with other types. Since transport is one of the main components of economic development, it is relevant to study this sector of the economy and identify prospective directions for improvement, namely the formation of Transport-Logistics Clusters (TLC) in Ukraine. Having analyzed the experience of other countries in the establishment of TLC, they have identified the benefits of different cluster strategies for the formation of TLCs in Ukraine.
PM2.5 Associated Phenols, Phthalates, and Water Soluble Ions from Five Stationary Combustion Sources

ABSTRACT Phenols and phthalates (PAEs) are always linked with the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA), while the water soluble ions (WSIs) are connected to the formation of secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA). A total of PM2.5 associated 20 phenols, 6 phthalates, and 9 WSIs were detected using GC-MS, ICS-1100, ICP-OES, and UV-VIS spectrophotometer for 5 stationary incineration sources including the domestic garbage (DG), garbage-fired power plant (GFPP), workshop of cable combustion for metal reclamation (WCC), peanut straw (PS), and wheat straw (WS). The anion equivalent (AE) and cation equivalent (CE) concentrations indicated that the emitted PM2.5 was alkaline for all the 5 combustion sources. Cl– possessed high contents among all the 5 burning sources and the highest value occurred at WCC due to the high Cl content in PVC. The WSI profiles were different from each other for the 5 incineration sources on the basis of high coefficients of divergence (CDs). The mass contributions of 9 WSIs in PM2.5 from 5 sources were far lower than those of atmospheric PM2.5. DEHP and DBP dominated in PM2.5 from 4 sources, while WCC possessed high levels of DEHP, DNOP, and DBP. WCC possessed the highest daily intakes of PAEs due to its highest ∑6PAEs of 32000 ng g–1 resulted from the high usage of plasticizers in PVC. The PAE profile similarities were found for both GFPP vs. DG and PS vs. WS based on low CDs. Only 11 phenols were detected for the 5 sources and WCC possessed the highest level of phenols although only phenol was detected. WS had the high levels of phenols due to the using of phenolic pesticides during wheat growth process.
PCR-SSCP and Sequencing Analysis For Studying Leptin Gene Polymorphism and Its Association with Reproductive Status of Egyptian Buffalo

Leptin gene is one of the potential genes involves intricately in metabolism and growth of animals. Leptin has myriad effect on tissues and endocrine system that ultimately lead to the whole body energy metabolism and has major impact on performance and wellbeing of livestock species. Owing to have key biological features, leptin is one of themost significant candidate gene markers for Marker assisted selection (MAS) studies. This study was performed to identify leptin gene polymorphism and its relation to reproductive status in Egyptian buffaloes. Total of 150 buffaloes were subjected to ultrasound examination for evaluation of reproductive status. Blood samples were collected from all animals and were stored at -20°C till DNA isolation. Amplification of specific fragment 422bp (intron 2) of leptin gene was performed by polymorphism chain reaction (PCR). Single strand confirmation polymorphism (SSCP) was performed on PCR amplicons. Purified PCR amplicons of different electrophoresis patterns were sequenced in both directions using two primers. Sequences results were analyzed using NCBI BLASTn and BioEdit Sequence Alignment software.Two variants(AA and BB) of leptin gene were detected.Genotype AA represented by 64% in fertile buffalo, while its distribution among infertile one was 36%. Genotype BB, was equally distributed by 50% in both fertile and infertile animals. Sequence analysis of both normal and polymorphic one showed different singlenucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in leptin gene, but statistically these SNPs had no correlation with reproductive status (fertile or infertile) of examined buffalo.
Prognostic factors for the recurrence of myxoid liposarcoma: 20 cases with up to 8 years follow-up

Introduction: Myxoid liposarcomas (MLS) are the second most common type of liposarcoma. Although some MRI findings are distinctively characteristics of MLS, the diagnosis can be tricky in tumors with a large portion of round cells (RC). Known predictors of an unfavorable outcome include age, tumor size, high RC content and positive resection margins. The goal of this retrospective study was to define prognostic factors for recurrence, with special emphasis on the percentage of RCs and medical care provided in a non-specialized center. Patients and methods: Twenty patients (11 women, 9 men) with a mean age of 44.3 years (18–73) were reviewed after a mean of 55.9 months. Six of these patients had been operated at a non-specialized center. The diagnostic MRI was read by a specialized radiologist and the resection procedures performed by two specialized surgeons. Tumors were labeled as either “pure myxoid liposarcoma” or “myxoid/round-cell liposarcoma”. The local recurrence-free survival rate and mortality rate were calculated. Results: Fifteen patients had undergone an MRI during the initial assessment. The typical MRI findings of MLS were present in four of them. The MRI suggested a non-specific lesion in the other 11 patients. After correlation with pathology findings, these tumors contained more than 5% round cells. The fourteen patients treated at our facility had undergone a biopsy, while none of the ones treated outside did. Five patients had R0 resection margins and 15 had R1 margins. Prognostic factors for recurrence consisted of age, tumor size > 10 cm, R1 resection margins, FNCLCC grade 2 + R1 margins, medical care at a nonspecialized center, and > 5% round cells. There were eight local recurrences and three metastases (15%). Two patients died (90% overall survival rate). Discussion: The risk of local recurrence was 3.86 times greater in this study when the tumor contained more than 5% RCs, which is consistent with published data. The MLS diagnosis was made only four times based on the initial MRI because misleading nature of high RC tumors. R1 resection margins are a risk factor for local recurrence. However, cases with R1 margins have a recurrence rate that is similar to R0 cases when the surgery is performed at a specialized cancer center. Treatment of MLS in a non-specialized center is a key negative prognostic factor. The reported rate of metastasis varies. Atypical extrapulmonary localizations are common, and often multifocal. MRI has been shown to be superior at detecting secondary lesions and some have suggested that a full-body MRI should be performed. Conclusion: Prognostic factors for the recurrence of myxoid liposarcomas have been identified. MRI analysis is not definitive and must be supplemented by a biopsy.
Health Services in the Secondary Schools.

A TOTAL school health program aims at the development of healthy, vigorous, keen, wholesome and responsible young citizens, without physical defect, of good health knowledge, habit and attitude, and capable of self-direction in the maintenance of an optimal state of well-being. In a word, the objective is physical and mental normalcy for age and capacity. The ultimate fulfilment of this objective belongs in very large measure to adolescence. The continuing school health program, i.e., the secondary program, calls for much change in perspective and procedure, change ranging from the simple to the radical. The passage of responsibility for health from one authority to another provides a new nucleus of effort. Basically, the advance in the intelligence level must be taken into consideration. The staff must rise to the occasion, since the approach to the problem and the conduct of the program must now reach to, and proceed along, a much higher plane. The previous program, from infancy through the pre-school and primary school phases, will have influenced the general destiny of the school population, but in no case is it possible to satisfy the needs of adolescents by reliance alone upon past effort. Why the officiai program comes to a stop, as it does in so many communities, short of the secondary school, is at once an interesting question. Local reaction to the question varies, but for practical purposes most of it may be sorted to one or more of a few brackets. A clearly sustained sense of the insufficiency of the local elementary school health program is reason enough to defer, but not to postpone indefinitely, the obligation to adolescence. There is no short-cut to the secondary school health program, and initial duty is manifest. One thinks next of instances where secondary schools have not been given the
MHD Radiative Flow of Casson and Williamson Nanofluids over an Inclined Cylindrical Surface with Chemical Reaction Effects

1 Mathematics Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh 2 Department of Basic Science and Humanities, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh 3 Centre for Infrastructure Engineering, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW-2751, Australia 4 School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, NSW-2522, Australia 5 Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia