Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Radio Propagation In Outdoor Sub-Urban Environment:Effect On Gsm Signal Strength

-----------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT-----------------------------------------------------------In mobile communication, the cell phone needs adequate signal strength to properly place or receive calls. Signal strength varies based on location and multipath is one of the conditions that lead to signal variation in a given environment. In this paper, measurement of signal strength with increase in distance was made at two different environments. The plot of signal strength relative to median against distance revealed more random variation at location A suggesting the presence of multipath in that environment. It was also observed that in a real world environment with obstructions, shadowing can lead to loss of more than 13dBm signal strength. This investigation showed that small scale fading due to multipath is not a challenge in a “no obstruction environment” such as location B. Though the signal strength varies with distance, the variation is approximately linear in such environment. The paper recommends that network providers should make routine signal strength measurement in suburban and urban environments as this will guide them on how to maintain signal quality within cells. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 27 August 2014 Date of Publication: 12 September 2014 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Works and lives : the anthropologist as author

Clifford Geertz is known for his work on the interpretation of cultural forms. In this book he develops his view that anthropology should be understood as a kind of writing: doing good anthropology is like writing good literature. Drawing on Foucault and Barthes, Geertz discusses the relations between authors and their works. He then examines the work of some of the great anthropologists: Levi-Strauss, Evans-Pritchard, Malinowski and Benedict. Viewing their ethnographic writings as texts, he highlights their style, imagery and metaphors, analyzing the languages that they invent and employ. Responding to criticisms of his earlier work, the author concludes with a far-reaching reflection on the nature of anthropology and its future in a post-colonial world.
Fruit Growth and Dry Matter Accumulation in Grapefruit During Periods of Water Withholding and After Reirrigation

Changes in volume, fresh weight and dry matter (DM) contents were followed in fruits from girdled and non-girdled branches borne on regularly irrigated (RI) as well as water-stressed (S) trees. Water stress was imposed by withholding irrigation for various periods. The results indicate that, even during prolonged periods of drought, DM accumulation in fruits on S trees was only slightly impaired, even when fruit volume growth was reduced to zero or even to shrinkage. After irrigation was resumed, fruits from S trees grew faster than those from RI trees, indicating that some of the DM which had accumulated was available for volume growth. The possibility of using the rate of DM accumulation in the fruit as an indicator for the timing of irrigation is discussed.
Application of Anastatus sp. against Halyomorpha halys

Anastatus sp.was artificially reproduced in the laboratory and released in the field in Beijing.The result showed the parasitizations of Anastatus sp.on eggs of the first and the second generations of Halyomorpha halys(Stal) were 64.7% and 52.6%. It could effectively control the bugs.
Lipid Management of Patients with Probable Familial Hypercholesterolemia by a Nurse Practitioner

Heart disease remains the number one killer of Americans. Patient’s high cholesterol numbers are a major risk factor for the development of heart disease. Studies performed by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) have recognized this as an area in need of improvement. Strategies for improvement of patients’ serum cholesterol and adherence to the recommended therapies have been explored. The purpose of this evidence based project is to compare cholesterol management outcomes in patients cared for by a nurse practitioner, with lipid management certification, to patients cared for by their usual providers, in a population with severe hypercholesterolemia. The population samples, non-pregnant adults, aged 20 years old or greater, will be obtained from patients with a minimum baseline low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of >190. Levels will be accessed through an electronic health record database, on blood work previously ordered by a network provider. All patients in both groups will receive the same standard care available. The difference will be the provider only; the nurse practitioner holds a certification in lipid management. Data analysis will be on the percent change in LDL-C, from baseline at 4 to 12 weeks, as well as provider adherence to the guidelines. The benefit of this investigation is that it may demonstrate a successful treatment strategy for the management of high cholesterol.
In vitro and in vivo ocular studies using herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2

The biological properties of three HSV strains were characterized with reference to ocular disease in the rabbit. Two HSV-1 strains, 17 and McKrae, and the HSV-2 strain HG52 were studied and the following parameters were assessed; clinical disease; virulence; spontaneous shedding of HSV; induced shedding of HSV; neural latency; and corneal latency. Intratypic and intertypic differences were apparent. The HSV-l strain 17 was pathogenic to rabbit eyes and neuropathogenic with increasing titres of inoculum. It had a low frequency of spontaneous shedding and an intermediate frequency of induced shedding. The HSV-1 strain 17 was able to establish latent infections within trigeminal ganglia. The HSV-1 strain McKrae was pathogenic to rabbit eyes and particularly neuropathogenic. It had a high frequency of both spontaneous and induced viral shedding. The McKrae strain was able to establish latent infections within trigeminal ganglia but differed in maintaining a latent infection within the cornea. The HSV-2 strain HG52 was non-pathogenic to rabbit eyes and non-neuropathogenic. It had a very low frequency of spontaneous and induced shedding. The HSV-2 strain HG5 2 was able to maintain latent infections within the trigeminal ganglion. Twelve corneas from patients suffering from herpes simplex keratitis were collected and analysed by light microscopy, electron microscopy and organ culture. Two of the twelve corneas released HSV after at least seven days in organ culture. The released virus was identified as HSV-1 by restriction endonuclease analysis. Primary cultures of rabbit corneal epithelial cells, keratocytes and endothelial cells were established. The identity of the cells was confirmed by electron microscopy and indirect immunofluorescence techniques. The one step growth kinetics of HSV-1 in the three distinct cell types were established. Latent infections were established in the distinct cell lines in vitro using supra optimal temperatures. Cellular stress proteins were demonstrated at supraoptimal temperatures. The antiviral agent acycloguanosine was unable to eliminate latent HSV infections at the supraoptimal temperature (42
The interaction between soil, water and bed or slope protection

The interaction between soil, water and structure is discussed for a bed and slope protection. It is shown that for various types of structures, and various boundary conditions, this interaction can be approached in a uniform way . The hydraulic conditions at the boundaries of the structure and along the non-protected parts of the bed result in groundwater flow. Hydraulic conditions and groundwater flow determine the loading on the protection . The structure itself influences the groundwater flow by its flow resistance and may sometimes also influence the load by deformation. Phenomena that may be relevant depending on the situation are summarized and methods are described for determining which of these phenomena should be taken into account in a specific situation when modelling soil , water and structure in order to determine the stability.
Wolf Predation on Wintering Deer in East-Central Ontario

Quantitative data on predation of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) by wolves ( Canis lupus) in east-central Ontario were obtained by following a pack of eight wolves from January 11 to March 20, 1969. Data on sex and age of deer killed during the winters of 1964 to 1969 and success of hunts by wolves in 1968 and 1969 have been included. During the main winter of study, the pack travelled a total of 327 km over a period of 46 days for an average daily travel rate of 7.1 km. The maximum range of the group during the period of surveillance encompassed 224 km2. The pack killed 29 deer during 63 days, or one deer per 2.2 days. Distances travelled between kills ranged from 0.3 to 43.4 km and averaged 14.7. The amount olf food available per wolf per day was 3.67 kg. The calculated daily food consumption was 0.10 kg per kg of wolf per day. The average age (2.43) of deer killed by wolves was greater than the average age ( 2.02 ) of deer killed by hunters. The sex ratio of 42 adult deer killed by wolves was 250 males:l00 females; in a saxnple of 290 hunter-killed deer the ratio was 92:100. In 1968, the hunting success of wolves was 25 percent compared with 63 percent in 1969. It was calculated that during the 5-month winter period, the wolves removed 9 to 11 percent of the 730 deer present when winter began. The timber wolf has recently been the subject of several detailed field studies ( Murie 1944, Gowan 1947, Thompson 1952, Stenlund 1955, Mech 1966, Shelton 1966, Pimlott et al. 1969, Mech and Frenzel 1971). In these investigations, many aspects of wolf ecology received attention, but the primary objective in each was an attempt to determine the impact of wolves on their principal prey. A complete assessment of this problem requires that the following be known: the number of wolves in an area, the number of prey animals in the same area, and the rate at which the wolves remove the prey. Except for the studies by NIech (1966), Shelton (1966), and Mech and Frenzel (1971), all of these investigations have lacked quantitative data on the interrelations of wolves and prey. Predation rates have been the most difficult to estimate. The present study provides quantitative data on predation of white-tailed deer by wolves in east-central Ontario during winter. Most of the information was obtained while following a pack of eight wolves from January 11 to March 20, 1969. Data on sex and age of deer killed during the winter from 1964 to 1968 and success of hunts by wolves in 1968 have been included. The assistance of P. Odorizzi during the winters of 1968 and 1969 and of R. Odorizzi during the winter of 1969 is acknowledged. I thlank the many personnel of the Fish and Wildlife Branch and the Research Branch, Ontario Department of Lands and Forests, who assisted in various capacities. R. O. Standfield reviewed the manuscript.
Variation and Atrophy of Flying Wings of Some Carabid Beetles (Coleoptera)

This paper begins (Part I) with a description of the morphology of the inner or flying wings of the beetles of the family Carabidae (predaceous ground beetles) of eastern North America. It then (Part II) discusses the state of the wings in connection with the behavior and habitat of the insects, and (Part III) attempts to discover how the atrophy of the wings of the flightless species has occurred. Accumulation of data was begun during the winter of 1930–31. Since then I have had for examination, chiefly from the Museum of Comparative Zoology and my own collection, specimens of practically every species of Carabid known from eastern North America, and considerable series of the more interesting ones.
Money, Credit, and Business Fluctuations*

This paper provides a critique of standard theories of money, in particular those based on money as a medium of exchange. Money is important because of the relationship between money and credit. The process of judging credit worthiness, in which banks play a central role, involves the collection and processing of information. Like many other economic activities involving information, these processes are not well described by means of standard production functions. Changes in economic circumstances can have marked effects on the relevance of previously accumulated information and accordingly on the supply of credit. Changes in the availability of credit may have marked effects on the level of economic activity, while changes in real interest rates seem to play a relatively minor role in economic fluctuations. This alternative view has a number of implications for policy, both at the macro-economic level (for instance, on the role of monetary policy for stabilization purposes and the choice of targets) and at the micro-economic level. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
Heat shock and titanium dioxide nanoparticles decrease superoxide dismutase and glutathione enzymes activities in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract The exposure of living organisms to metals can generate reactive oxygen species and failure in their antioxidant defences, triggering oxidative stress and oxidative damage. Despite the intensive use of engineered nanoparticles in numerous consumer and industrial products, data on their potential hazards in eukaryotic cells and their dependence on environmental factors such as temperature are still scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, grown in presence of glycerol and glucose, to 5 μg/ml titanium dioxide nanoparticles (size<100 nm) under heat shock conditions. The results showed that biomass, levels of reactive oxygen species and glutathione reductase activity in respiratory/fermentative cells were higher than those detected in respiratory cells. Furthermore, respiratory/fermentative cells exhibited lower levels of glutathione, malondialdehyde, cytoplasmic catalase and glutathione peroxidase than those detected in the respiratory yeast. Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown in the presence of glycerol, glucose and titanium dioxide nanoparticles, under heat shock conditions, caused oxidative stress, due to a decrease in antioxidant defences such as superoxide dismutases or a slowdown of the glutathione cycle, relative to cells grown in presence of glycerol and glucose.
Packaged Discipline Programs: Let the Buyer Beware.

E ducators consistently feel the need to accomplish miracles. Given far too few hours and resources to accomplish all that is expected of them, many buy packaged curriculum and training programs While short training programs and packaged materials can save precious time, such programs can also yield negative effects upon certain efforts, such as school and classroom disci pline It is easy to understand the appeal of packaged discipline pro grams that are advertised as easy to learn and quick to implement But it is folly to believe that a process as com plex as managing student behavior can be understood in a brief inservice at the beginning of school or in a twohour session on conference day
Research in Therapeutic Recreation

The paper examines the state o fresearch in therapeutic recreation. Given that practitioners have been found to support research strongly, it is surprising that the volume of reported research continues to be relatively small, leading to many questions about research conducted in the field. The few empirical studies that have been reported have focused on persons with mental retardation, while most other special population groups have been studied infrequently. The phenomena or topic areas that have been studied are relatively few, with the most frequent ones being leisure needs, preferences, attitudes, patterns, skill acquisition, and community integration. At the same time, there is little empirical documentation of fundamental questions about effects of recreation on the well-being of various special population groups. The survey has been the dominant methodology, although more experimental research has been attempted in this than other areas of leisure studies. Shot-gun investigations are typical and suggest the need for more programmatic research. A significant part of new knowledge is created by researchers outside of therapeutic recreation. Despite these problems, there are signs that important research questions are being addressed and that the quality of research is improving. These include recent experiments and the development of psychometrically respectable instruments. To advance research in the field the establishment of a National Research Fund should be the highest priority.
Utilization of Posthatching Yolk in Loggerhead Sea Turtles, Caretta caretta

surface, and initial swimming from the nesting beach. Based on an energetic consideration of hatchling dispersal from the nesting beach, posthatching yolk can support "frenzied" swimming activity during the first few days after emergence. The quantity of yolk is not sufficient for loggerhead hatchlings from the south Georgia coast to reach a major oceanic current, such as the Gulf Stream.
Prognostic significance of claudin-1 expression in renal cell carcinoma

Purpose Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common renal cancer in adults comprising ∼3% of all human malignancies. Claudin-1 is a tight junction protein widely expressed in liver and kidney tissue. The role of claudins in cancer has not been clearly defined. We aimed to assess the prognostic significance of claudin-1 expression in RCC. Patients and methods Immunohistochemical staining for 51 RCCs was performed, and the results were correlated with clinical, histopathologic, and prognostic parameters. Results Claudin-1 was expressed in 52.9% of RCC cases. Only 46.7% of conventional RCCs were positive for claudin-1, whereas 68.75% of papillary RCCs showed positive claudin-1 expression. Claudin-1 expression was associated with markers of unfavorable tumor biology in conventional and papillary RCC. Claudin-1 positivity was a prognosticator of shortened patient survival in conventional and papillary RCC (P=0.06 and 0.007, respectively). Conclusion Upregulation of claudin-1 was associated with dedifferentiation, aggressiveness, and shortened patient survival in RCC.
Molecular characterization and prevalence of hepatitis E virus in Swedish wild animals

Observation of chronic hepatitis E virus (HEV) in immunosuppressed patients, and unexplained high hepatitis E virus (HEV) prevalence in the human population raises public health concern. The aim of this thesis is to molecular characterize and investigate the prevalence of HEV in Swedish wild life and their association with HEV transmission to humans. A novel virus was detected in a sample from a Swedish moose (Alces alces). The genome was highly divergent with sequence identity of 30-60% to other HEVs. Genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed closest relationship with HEV genotypes1-7 (gt1-7). In addition, three open reading frames (ORFs) was also detected, and all these observed properties suggested the virus as a member of the Hepeviridae family. Markers for ongoing (HEV RNA) and/or past HEV infection (anti-HEV) was demonstrated in 67 (29%) of 231 Swedish moose samples collected from various Swedish provinces. Thus, moose are frequently infected with HEV. Its closest similarity with the HEV gt1-7 group, which includes strains that also infects humans, may indicate a potential for zoonotic transmission of this HEV. A survey detected HEV markers in the wild life, which included samples from wild boars (Sus scrofa) and different deer species, fallow deer (Darna darna), red deer (Cervus elaphus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and moose (Alces alces). These markers were ongoing and/or past infections, and were found in 53 (22%) out of 245 animal samples. The viral nucleic acid sequences strains were sequenced and compared with autochthonous Swedish human HEV cases, of whom three were found infected with strains similar to wild boar strains. These results indicate that Swedish wild animals are often infected with HEV and may be an important source of HEV transmission to humans who come into contact with wild animals or eat game meat. The introduction of a single amplicon PCR of near complete HEV genomes enabled the identification of possible virulence marker, and the detection of possible recombination events between Swedish swine and wild boar, and that there may have been zoonotic transmission of HEV strains between Spain and France.
Habitat Selection Experiments with a Pair of Coexisting Heteromyid Rodent Species

The kangaroo rat, Dipodomys merriami, occurs with the pocket mouse, Perognathus penicillatus, in stands of mesquite with little herbaceous cover. The dipo avoids areas that have thick cover between 8 cm and 45 cm. The pocket mouse prefers areas that have considerable cover over 45 cm. Those facts have been established both by previous studies and those reported here. This paper reports the results of altering the vegetation in small patches of land and observing concomitant changes in the land—use patterns of the rodents. The difference between the species appears to be crucial to their coexistence.
Multiple Discriminant Analysis of Risk Factors in Developing Graded Premiums for S&L Deposit Insurance

During 1980 to 1986, large numbers of failing thrift institutions have led to a reappraisal of the purpose and extent of governmental deposit insurance. The frequency and severity of losses of S&L institutions has rapidly depleted the FSLIC insurance fund. This paper concentrates on the following two important research issues: (1) whether failed thrifts are significantly different in their financial and operating characteristics compared to healthy thrifts, and (2) whether one can identify thrift risk factors that will lead to prediction of insolvency and development of a graded premium coverage for insuring thrift deposits.
Rhopalodia gibba and its endosymbionts as a model for early steps in a cyanobacterial primary endosymbiosis

The evolution of the eukaryotic cell was accompanied by several endosymbioses (Embley and Martin 2006). Mitochondria, hydrogenosomes and mitosomes, providing the host cell with ion sulfur clusters (Lill 2009) and, with the exception of mitosomes, ATP, orig­ inated from an engulfed bacterium (Lithgow and Schneider 2010). Additionally, plastids capable of pho­ tosynthesis developed from a cyanobacterium­like cell, which was intracellularly reduced to an organelle (Hempel et al. 2007; Bolte et al. 2009). Thus, major cellular functions and organelles of eukaryotes are of bacterial origin. This makes the analysis of further bacterial endosymbioses in eukaryotic cells an attrac­ tive field for studying the conversion of a prokaryote into a eukaryotic organelle. Several eukaryotes are known to harbor intracellular prokaryotes which were acquired via endosymbiotic events that occurred later than those giving rise to mitochondria and plastids. In the case of more recently established intracellular cyanobacteria, most of the described taxa are not culti­ vated, making them difficult to analyze. However, one important exception is the spheroid body harboring diatom Rhopalodia gibba, which can be isolated and maintained for some time in culture (Adler et al. 2010). Journal of Endocytobiosis and Cell Research (2012) 21‐24