Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Wave Distribution Simulated by WAVEWATCH-III Model in Typhoons Passing Beibu Gulf, China

The Beibu Gulf is an important offshore region in the South China Sea for the fishing industry and other human activities. In 2017, typhoons Doksuri and Khanun passed the Beibu Gulf in two paths, at maximum wind speeds of up to 50 m/s. Typhoon Doksuri passed the Beibu Gulf through the open waters of the South China Sea and Typhoon Khanun moved towards the Beibu Gulf through the narrow Qiongzhou Strait. The aim of this study is to analyze the typhoon-induced wave distribution in the Beibu Gulf. WAVEWATCH-III (WW3) is a third-generation numeric wave model developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), which has been widely used for sea wave research. The latest version of the WW3 (5.16) model provides three packages of nonlinear term for four wave components (quadruplets) wave–wave interactions, including Discrete Interaction Approximation (DIA), Full Boltzmann Integral (WRT), and Generalized Multiple DIA (GMD) with two kinds of coefficients, herein called GMD1 and GMD2. These four packages have been conveniently implemented for simulating wave fields in two typhoons after taking winds from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) at 0.125° grids as the forcing fields. It was found that the GMD2 package was the recommended option of the nonlinear term for quadruplets wave–wave interactions due to the minimum error when comparing a number of simulated results from the WW3 model with significant wave height (SWH) from ECMWF and altimeter Jason-2. Then the wave distribution simulated by the WW3 model employing the GMD2 package was analyzed. In the case of Typhoon Doksuri, wind-sea dominated in the early and middle stages while swell dominated at the later stage. However, during Typhoon Khanun, wind-sea dominated throughout and swell distributed outside the bay around the east of Hainan Island, because the typhoon-induced swell at mesoscale was difficult to propagate into the Beibu Gulf through the narrow Qiongzhou Strait.
STEREOLOGICAL ESTIMATION OF SURFACE AREA FROM DIGITAL IMAGES

A sampling design of local stereology is combined with a method from digital stereology to yield a novel estimator of surface area based on counts of configurations observed in a digitization of an isotropic 2dimensional slice with thickness s. As a tool, a result of the second author and J. Rataj on infinitesimal increase of volumes of morphological transforms is refined and used. The proposed surface area estimator is asymptotically unbiased in the case of sets contained in the ball centred at the origin with radius s and in the case of balls centred at the origin with unknown radius. For general shapes bounds for the asymptotic expected relative worst case error are given. A simulation example is discussed for surface area estimation based on 2×2×2-configurations.
A COST SENSITIVE LEARNING METHOD TO TUNE THE NEAREST NEIGHBOUR FOR INTRUSION DETECTION

In this paper, a novel cost-sensitive learning algorithm is proposed to improve the performance of the nearest neighbor for intrusion detection. The goal of the learning algorithm is to minimize the total cost in leave-one-out classification of the given training set. This is important since intrusion detection is a problem in which the costs of different misclassifications are not the same. To optimize the nearest neighbor for intrusion detection, the distance function is defined in a parametric form. The free parameters of the distance function (i.e., the weights of features and instances) are adjusted by our proposed feature-weighting and instance-weighting algorithms. The proposed feature-weighting algorithm can be viewed as general purpose wrapper approach for feature weighting. The instance-weighting algorithm is designed to remove noisy and redundant training instances from the training set. This, in turn improves the speed and performance of the nearest neighbor in the generalization phase, which is quite important in real-time applications such as intrusion detection. Using the KDD99 dataset, we show that the scheme is quite effective in designing a cost-sensitive nearest neighbor for intrusion detection.
A Radial Basis Function Scheme for Option Pricing in Exponential Lévy Models

Abstract We use Radial Basis Function (RBF) interpolation to price options in exponential Lévy models by numerically solving the fundamental pricing PIDE (Partial integro-differential equations). Our RBF scheme can handle arbitrary singularities of the Lévy measure in 0 without introducing further approximations, making it simpler to implement than competing methods. In numerical experiments using processes from the CGMY-KoBoL class, the scheme is found to be second order convergent in the number of interpolation points, including for processes of unbounded variation.
Nonverbal Interaction between Hitchhikers and Drivers

This essay reconstructs the implicit knowledge of a competent hitchhiker from the viewpoint of semiotics. The initial phase of hitchhiking is purely nonverbal. The hitchhiker starts the interaction by signalling that s/he wants a lift. In the standard case, the sign chosen is a culture-specific gesture. The driver produces one of the following four actions: (i) in the successful case, s/he stops and gives the hitchhiker a lift, whereas (ii) in the opposite case of ultimate non-success, s/he shows no perceptible reaction. In other constellations, s/he (iii) produces an „answering“ gesture or (iv) expresses a specific mood, intention, or attitude towards the hitchhiker by changing his or her driving behavior. This article concentrates on the actions (iii) and (iv) and reconstructs them as equivalents of verbal utterances, each with a specific propositional content and illocutionary force. In the most elaborate interactions, one can detect a real „gestural dialog“ with several turn-takings.
IRON FORTIFICATION IN LEAFY VEGETABLES: PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE POSSIBILITIES

ABSTRACT Iron is an essential micronutrient which carries oxygen in the blood. Iron deficiency anemia is a worldwide health problem especially for women and children. There are two forms of iron-heme and non-heme. The iron in meat is about 40 percent heme and 60 percent non-heme. Much of the iron in the vegetarian diet, however, is in the non-heme from. Vegetarian people, requires 1.8 times more iron compare to non-vegetarian people. Dark green leafy vegetables are the valuable sources of iron, even better on a per calorie basis than meat. Many local, wild and underexploited green leafy vegetables are the good supplier of iron and other valuable micronutrients. They are short duration in nature and accumulates higher amount of biomass within small life periods without much care and precaution. An increase in iron content of up to 3 mg/100 g was obtained in some bio-fortified leafy vegetable. This was about 40 times higher than the traditional leafy vegetable. The best ways for iron fortification in commonly grown leafy vegetables is through agronomic practices or breeding approaches. Increasing iron levels through supplementation of iron containing fertilizer, bio fertilizer or microbial inoculants is the widespread iron-acquisition strategy in plants. It is the safer and effective method to supplement iron and to prevent iron deficiency in different parts of the world. Identification, development and promotion of iron rich leafy vegetable varieties could increase the iron status and its bio-availability in daily diet which will help in reducing the emerging iron deficiency anemia among the women and children throughout the world. Key word: Iron deficiency, green leafy vegetables, iron bio-fortification .
Grenade Range Management Using Lime for Dual Role of Metals Immobilization and Explosives Transformation Treatability

Abstract : The importance of live fire training for US forces cannot be overestimated. The success of our armed forces depends upon realistic training utilizing the actual weapons and munitions that will be used in theatre during strategic and tactical operations. However, a drawback of this type of realistic training is the potential contamination of firing ranges. Most munitions-contaminated soils found on training ranges contain a mixture of compounds. For hand grenade ranges (HGR), the prevalent munition used is the fragmentation grenade, typically composed of an iron shell and Composition B explosive material. Studies performed on ranges in both the United States and Canada have shown that there is a large degree of variability in munitions constituent type, concentration, size, and spatial distribution occurring on single ranges, as well as between different ranges. Contaminants present include explosive residue in the form of Composition B and Trinitrotolene as well as metals such as zinc, iron, manganese, calcium, lead, chromium, copper, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium, and tin. The optimum treatment technology for successful remediation of distributed energetics and metals at training ranges should be inexpensive, easily applied in remote locations, effective on heterogeneous contaminant distributions, effective over large areas, effective on multiple compounds, be non-intrusive, to the extent possible, and able to be incorporated into normal range maintenance operations. Technologies currently available for the remediation of munitions-contaminated soil and groundwater do not meet these criteria. The objectives of this study were to evaluate and develop a cost effective management technology to control active grenade range contaminant mobility and promote on-site contaminant degradation.
Aha Guideline Effectiveness-based Guidelines for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Women—2011 Update a Guideline from the American Heart Association Executive Writing Committee Expert Panel Members Cvd Risk Assessment Table 1. Class Iii Interventions (not Useful/effective and May Be Harmfu

The executive writing committee and expert panel members represent the following participating organizations and major cosponsors: the American Heart Association (L. *The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. †Representation does not imply endorsement by the American College of Physicians. The American Heart Association makes every effort to avoid any actual or potential conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of an outside relationship or a personal, professional, or business interest of a member of the writing panel. Specifically, all members of the writing group are required to complete and submit a Disclosure Questionnaire showing all such relationships that might be perceived as real or potential conflicts of interest. Effectiveness-based guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in women—2011 update: a guideline from the American Heart Association.or distribution of this document are not permitted without the express permission of the American Heart Association. Instructions for obtaining permission are located at http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml? identifierϭ4431. A link to the " Permission Request Form " appears on the right side of the page. 1243 S ubstantial progress has been made in the awareness, treatment , and prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women since the first women-specific clinical recommendations for the prevention of CVD were published by the American Heart Association (AHA) in 1999. 1 The myth that heart disease is a " man's disease " has been debunked; the rate of public awareness of CVD as the leading cause of death among US women has increased from 30% in 1997 to 54% in 2009. 2 The age-adjusted death rate resulting from coronary heart disease (CHD) in females, which accounts for about half of all CVD deaths in women, was 95.7 per 100 000 females in 2007, a third of what it was in 1980. 3,4 Approximately 50% of this decline in CHD deaths has been attributed to reducing major risk factors and the other half to treatment of CHD including secondary preventive therapies. 4 Major randomized controlled clinical trials such as the Women's Health Initiative have changed the practice of CVD prevention in women over the past decade. 5 The investment in combating this major public health issue for women has been significant, as have the scientific and medical achievements. Despite the gains that have been made, considerable challenges remain. In …
Study on Manipulation of Cash Flow from Operation in IPO Company——Evidence from Chinese A-share Market

This paper adopts Roychowdhury's models of predicting the cash flow from operation(CFO), takes IPO Company in 2002-2011 year as the study sample, and carries out empirical study on the manipulation of CFO in IPO Company 1 year before issue year, issue year and 1 year after issue year. This paper finds that IPO Company has the remarkable upward CFO manipulation in the 1 year before issue year, and the degree of manipulation will notably drop later; When the motivations of manipulation of CFO is further examined, it can be found that IPO Company that manipulate the CFO is mainly to enhance the quality of earning so as to cover Earning Management. Index Terms - IPO, CFO, Manipulation, Match motivation, Supervision motivation
Efficient Broadcasting in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Wireless Ad Hoc Network

Summary Network-wide broadcasting is a fundamental and frequently invoked communication primitive in wireless ad hoc networks where there are no pre-existing communication infrastructures. Existing broadcasting techniques perform well with respect to two out of the three performance goals (low broadcast latency, low retransmission overhead, and high broadcast reachability), but require each host to track its neighbors within at least 2-hop distance away. This paper introduces a new broadcasting scheme called Adaptive Scheduling with Adaptive assessment Periods (ASAP) and its variants that achieve the three performance goals simultaneously while requiring each host to track only its onehop neighbors. In particular, the ASAP schemes offer low broadcast latency, making them suitable for time-constrained applications such as broadcasts of emergency messages and multimedia applications.
Recursive identification of smoothing spline ANOVA models

In this paper we present a unified discussion of different approaches to identification of smoothing spline ANOVA models. The ‘classical’ approach to smoothing spline ANOVA models can be referred to in the line of Wahba (1990) and Gu (2002). Recently, Storlie et al. presented ‘a new regularization method for simultaneous model fitting and variable selection in nonparametric regression models in the framework of smoothing spline ANOVA’. This method is an improvement on the COSSO (Lin and Zhang, 2006), penalizing the sum of component norms, instead of the squared norm employed in the traditional smoothing spline method. Storlie et al. introduce an adaptive weight to be used in the COSSO penalty which allows for more flexibility to estimate important functional components while giving heavier penalty to unimportant functional components. In a ‘parallel’ stream of research, using the the so-called State-Dependent Parameter Regression (SDR) approach of Young (2001), Ratto et al. (2007) have developed a non-parametric approach which is very similar to smoothing splines and kernel regression approaches, but which is based on recursive filtering and smoothing estimation (the Kalman Filter combined with Fixed Interval Smoothing). Such a recursive least-squares implementation has some key characteristics: (a) it is couched with optimal Maximum Likelihood estimation, thus allowing for an objective estimation of the smoothing hyper-parameters , and (b) it allows for greater flexibility in adapting to local discontinuities, heavy non-linearity and heteroscedastic error terms. The purposes of this paper are:
Chemically Treated Chicken Bone Waste as an Efficient Adsorbent for Removal of Acetaminophen

Present of pharmaceutical as the emerging pollutants arise the concerns of environment community regarding the potential impact of acetaminophen (ACT) on ecological and human health. Adsorption process has been proven as an effective treatment being activated carbon as the adsorbent to remove many types of pollutant including low concentration of pollutants. However, on large scale industrial processes, utilisation of activated carbon is limited because of their high production cost. Synthesis of waste materials as a precursor of adsorbent is an attractive approach in sustainable management and economic availability. In this study, the removal of ACT from aqueous solution by chemically treated chicken bone (AC) waste was investigated. The adsorption process was conducted in a batch adsorption and affected by several experimental parameters including contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, initial concentration and temperature. With AC dosage of 0.1 g about 93 % of 1,000 mg/L ACT was removed from the aqueous solution that had pH of 2 and temperature of 25 °C. Kinetic of ACT adsorption was well described by pseudo-second order kinetic model. Meanwhile, effect of initial concentration of acetaminophen adsorption data was fitted well with Freundlich isotherm model with an R2 of 0.9909. Finally, the data obtained from effect of temperature was used to determine the adsorption thermodynamic including the enthalpy, ΔH, Gibbs energy, ΔG and entropy, ΔS. It was found that the ΔG was negative at all temperature while both, ΔH and ΔS was also negative between temperatures of 25 °C to 70 °C indicating the process of ACT adsorption was exothermic reaction and the adsorption reaction is spontaneous at low temperature.
Passive acoustic localization techniques of Eastern Pacific grey whales

Eastern Pacific grey whales (Eschrichtius robustus) apparently do not actively echolocate, yet still they thrive in shallow water environments where visibility is much reduced. Along their migration route and in their feeding grounds these whales are exposed to high levels of ambient noise, highlyturbid waters and many underwater obstacles. To test possible passive acoustic localization mechanisms (e.g. Acoustic Daylight Imaging and Passive Synthetic Aperture), we made extensive acoustic measurements during comprehensive field studies of these whales on their summer feeding grounds in British Columbia (Canada). In combination with visual observations of the whales and their behaviours, we investigated the acoustical sources available to the whales when navigating within a feeding bay. First, we measured ambient noise levels to construct the acoustic landscape around the whales. Second, we investigated how sound is altered when objects such as kelp beds and rocks are present. We also measured acoustic chan.
Enhancing Russia's competitiveness and innovative capacity

The Russian economy has been growing at a nominal rate of 6 percent annually for the past several years. Nonetheless, the Russian government, concerned about the sustainability of this economic performance, has sought to promote more diversified and broader economic growth outside the natural resource sectors and promote a knowledge-based economy. Economic diversification covers a wide number of issues and involves many challenges, including: incentives, entrepreneurship, foreign investment, regional development, physical infrastructure and reduced natural resource dependence. This book, more narrowly conceived, quantifies and benchmarks the relative strengths of Russian manufacturing and identifies the opportunities to increase its productivity and competitiveness.
High Speed and High Reliability InP / InGaAs Avalanche Photodiode for Optical Communications

We present a review of the characteristics of several different types of high speed InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiode (APD)s that we have developed for different guard ring depth and for different main p-n junction shape. The APD structure that we propose consists of a greatly reduced width in InP multiplication layer and a high doping concentrated electric field buffer layer, where we also adopted a floating guard ring and a shaped main junction with recess etching for a reliable operation of an APD. We obtained high reliability APDs, which are tested for two-dimensional gain behavior and for accelerated life tests by monitoring dark current and breakdown voltage. The gain and bandwidth product of the best of our APDs was measured as high as 80 GHz.
Assessing reproductive resilience: an example with South Atlantic red snapper Lutjanus campechanus

We developed a conceptual model of reproductive resilience based on spatio-tempo- ral diversity in spawning activity and the 'big old fat fecund female fish' effect, i.e., trends in reproductive traits with size and age. We chose red snapper Lutjanus campechanus as our case study, as this species is highly fecund, currently overfished, and long-lived (50+ yr). The intrinsic reproductive resilience of red snapper was assessed in terms of spawning site distribution, vari- ability in time of spawning, and potential reproductive lifespan. To assess how age truncation might erode reproductive resilience, we evaluated the strength of the relationship between size and age and the following traits: spawning habitat, reproductive timing, batch fecundity, and egg quality. Few fish were older than 7 yr. Although younger fish occurred in a more restricted range of depths, there was no trend between size or age and depth. Spawning activity was well distrib- uted over space and time, with actively spawning females collected at 92 of 195 sampling sites over an extended spawning season. Larger, older females exhibited longer spawning periods and higher batch fecundities, but neither greater spawning frequency nor egg dry weight. The ratio of the effective to predicted reproductive lifespan at maximum sustainable yield was 31%. Many parameters estimated in this study are common to fish reproductive studies, but we hope that inte- grating them into a reproductive resilience framework will help focus the need for research on the underlying relationships between reproductive traits and stock productivity.
GLYCATED LDL INCREASE INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM CONCENTRATION IN HUMAN VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS

Glycation of plasma proteins, including lipoprotein s, contributes to the accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetes, but the underlying mec hanisms are not fully understood. Our aim was to assess the direct effect of irreversibly glycated low density lipoproteins (AGE-LDL) and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) on the intracell ular calcium concentration ([Ca] i) in human vascular smooth muscle cells (hSMC). AGE -LDL and oxLDL were prepared from native human LDL (nLDL) by incubation with 0.2M glucose and 10μM CuSO4, respectively. The hSMC in suspension were loaded with the calcium fluorescent indicator Fura-2 AM, then incubated (2 min) with th e modified LDL. [Ca] i was determined spectrofluorimetrically. To assess the r ol of the receptors for modified LDL, specific antibodies were used. Results showed that a significant increase in [Ca ] i was induced in hSMC by AGE-LDL (78%) and oxLDL (39%), compared to nLDL. Blocking the LDL receptor-related protein (LRP1), t he class B scavenger receptor CD36 or the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) determined a significant reduction of [Ca] i in cells exposed to AGE-LDL or oxLDL (90% for LRP1 ; 58% and 35%, respectively for CD36; 80% for RAGE). In concl usion, the reported data demonstrate that AGE-LDL and oxLDL induce calcium r elease in hSMC, a process involving LRP1, CD36 and RAGE.