Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impaired early visual categorization of fear in social anxiety

Social anxiety is associated with biased social perception, especially of ambiguous cues. While aberrations in high-level processes, including cognitive appraisal and interpretation of social signals, have been implicated in such biases, contributions of early, low-level stimulus processing remain unclear. Categorical perception is known to be an efficient process to resolve signal ambiguity, and categorical emotion perception can swiftly classify sensory input, “tagging” biologically important stimuli at early stages of processing to facilitate ecological response. However, early threat categorization could be disrupted by exaggerated threat processing in anxiety, resulting in biased perception of ambiguous signals. We tested this hypothesis among individuals with low and high trait social anxiety (LSA and HSA), who performed a 2-alternative-forced-choice (fear or neutral) task on facial expressions parametrically varied along a neutral-fear continuum. Clear divergence between the groups emerged in the profiles of reaction time (RT) and early visual response along the neutral-fear continuum. The LSA group exhibited a RT profile characteristic of categorical perception with drastically increased RT from neutral to intermediate (boundary) fear intensities, contrasting monotonous, non-significant RT changes in the HSA group. Neurometric analysis along the continuum identified an early fear-neutral categorization operation (arising in the P1, an early visual event-related potential/ERP at 100 ms) in the LSA (but not HSA) group. Absent group differences in higher-level cognitive operations (identified by later ERPs), current findings highlight a dispositional cognitive vulnerability in early visual categorization of social threat, which could precipitate further cognitive aberrations and, eventually, the onset of social anxiety disorder.
COMMITTEE ON TOXICITY OF CHEMICALS IN FOOD , CONSUMER PRODUCTS AND THE ENVIRONMENT Assessment of the adequacy of the 10-fold uncertainty factor to allow for interspecies variation in developmental toxicity

1. The COT first considered this topic at the December 2013 meeting. The approach taken in TOX/2013/42 was to generate a list of human developmental toxicants and to identify LOAELs for these substances in humans, rats and rabbits, and also for comparison, non-human primates. Human LOAELs were taken to be the lowest doses associated with cases of developmental toxicity in case reports, or were identified from epidemiological studies, or for some pharmaceuticals were based on the normal therapeutic dose range where there was evidence of an association between taking the pharmaceutical and adverse developmental outcomes but no dose-response data.
REVERSE ENGINEERING ANALYSIS FORENSIC MALWARE WEBC2-DIV

At this paper focus on Malicous Software also known as Malware APT1 (Advance Persistent Threat) codename WEBC2-DIV the most variants malware has criteria consists of Virus, Worm, Trojan, Adware, Spyware, Backdoor either Rootkit. Although, malware could avoidance scanning antivirus but reverse engineering could be know how dangerous malware infect computer client. Lately, malware attack as a form espionage (cyberwar) one of the most topic on security internet, because of has massive impact. Forensic malware becomes indicator successfull user to realized about malware infect. This research about reverse engineering. A few steps there are scanning, suspected packet in network and analysis of malware behavior and dissambler body malware.Keyword : forensic malware, Analysis, Advance Presistent Threat, Cyberwar, dissambler
Theory of minds: managing mental state inferences in working memory is associated with the dorsomedial subsystem of the default network and social integration

We often interact with multiple people at a time and consider their various points-of-view to facilitate smooth social interaction. Yet, how our brains track multiple mental states at once, and whether skill in this domain links to navigating real-world social interactions, remains underspecified. To fill this gap, we developed a novel social working memory paradigm in which participants manage two- or four-people’s mental states in working memory, as well as control trials in which they alphabetize two- or four-people’s names in working memory. In Study 1, we found that the dorsomedial subsystem of the default network shows relative increases in activity with more mental states managed in working memory. In contrast, this subsystem shows relative decreases in activity with more non-mental state information (the number of names alphabetized) managed in working memory. In Study 2, only individual differences in managing mental states in working memory, specifically on trials that posed the greatest mental state load to working memory, correlated with social network integration. Collectively, these findings add further support to the hypothesis that social working memory relies on partially distinct brain systems and may be a key ingredient to success in a social world.
Defect Prediction by Pruning Redundancy in Association Rule Mining

Defect prediction is a major problem during software maintenance and evolution. It is important for the software developers to identify defective software modules to improve the software quality. Many organizations want to predict the defects in software systems, before they are deployed, to improve and measure the quality of software. Different researchers proposed various approaches to extract the defect-prone modules in the specific software system. This paper focuses on an effective model, called Apriori, which uses the approach of association rule mining. Association rule mining remains a very popular and effective method to extract meaningful information from a large data set. Apriori algorithm is based on the discovery of association rules for predicting whether a software module is defective or not. Different algorithms perform in a different manner on distinct datasets. This paper analyzes the shortcomings of Apriori algorithm and studies the improvement strategies to improve the performance of Apriori algorithm by removing the redundancy of rules generated on the basis of different parameters. In this paper, we use a new method to find the best ‘n’ association rules out of the pool of ‘k’ association rules based on heuristic analysis. This study will help improve the existing software defect prediction models in terms of precision, performance and other aspects.
Angiotensin II Stimulates c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase in Cultured Cardiac Myocytes of Neonatal Rats

Many lines of evidence have suggested that angiotensin II (Ang II) plays an important role in cardiac hypertrophy. Ang II not only increases protein synthesis but also induces the reprogramming of gene expression in cultured cardiac myocytes. In the present study, to elucidate the mechanism by which Ang II regulates gene expression in cardiac myocytes, we examined whether Ang II activates c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), which is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family and activates the transcription factor, activator protein-1 (AP-1). The activity of JNK increased 5 minutes after the addition of Ang II, peaked at 20 minutes, and gradually decreased thereafter. Examination of the Ang II dose-response relation revealed detectable JNK activation at 10−9 mol/L and maximal activation at 10−6 mol/L. Ang II activated JNK through the AT1 receptor, and the activation was attenuated by the downregulation of protein kinase C or the chelation of intracellular Ca2+. Although the addition of either Ca2.
Protective Role of SIRT1 in Diabetic Vascular Dysfunction

Objective— Calorie restriction (CR) prolongs the lifespan of various species, ranging from yeasts to mice. In yeast, CR extends the lifespan by increasing the activity of silencing information regulator 2 (Sir2), an NAD+-dependent deacetylase. SIRT1, a mammalian homolog of Sir2, has been reported to downregulate p53 activity and thereby prolong the lifespan of cells. Although recent evidence suggests a link between SIRT1 activity and metabolic homeostasis during CR, its pathological role in human disease is not yet fully understood. Methods and Results— Treatment of human endothelial cells with high glucose decreases SIRT1 expression and thus activates p53 by increasing its acetylation. This in turn accelerates endothelial senescence and induces functional abnormalities. Introduction of SIRT1 or disruption of p53 inhibits high glucose–induced endothelial senescence and dysfunction. Likewise, activation of Sirt1 prevents the hyperglycemia-induced vascular cell senescence and thereby protects against vascul.
Mechanism of Doxorubicin-Induced Inhibition of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-ATPase Gene Transcription

Abstract—Doxorubicin (DOX)–induced cardiomyopathy has been found to be associated with impaired Ca2+ handling in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), leading to reduced cardiac function. We have recently demonstrated that expression of mRNA encoding sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2 (SERCA2), a major Ca2+ transport protein in SR, is markedly decreased in DOX-treated hearts. To extend this observation, we have dissected the molecular mechanisms by which DOX downregulates SERCA2 gene transcription. Using cultured rat neonatal cardiac myocytes, we found that the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine blocked the DOX-induced decrease in SERCA2 mRNA levels, as well as the DOX-induced increase in H2O2 concentration; thus, H2O2 is an intracellular mediator of DOX activity. Using a luciferase reporter assay, we found that the sequence from −284 to −72 bp in the 5′ flanking region of the SERCA2 gene has a DOX-responsive element. Although several transcription factors have putative binding motifs in this region of the S.
Human action recognition using Kinect multimodal information

With the successful introduction and popularization of Kinect, it has been widely applied in intelligent surveillance, human-machine interaction and human action recognition and so on. This paper presents a human action recognition based on multimodal information using the Kinect sensor. Firstly, the HOG feature based on RGB modal information, the space-time interest points feature based on depth modal information, and the human body joints relative position feature based on skeleton modal information are extracted respectively for expressing human action. Then, the three kinds of nearest neighbor classifiers with different distance measurement formulas are used to predict the class label for a test sample which is respectively expressed by three different modal features. The experimental results show that the proposed method is simple, fast and efficient compared with other action recognition algorithms on public datasets.
La myéloperoxydase : un fin stratège face à l’infection par un pathogène

Polynucléaires neutrophiles et immunité innée. Lors d’une infection par un agent pathogène tel que l’entérobactérie Salmonella, une réponse immunitaire innée se met en place ; elle fait intervenir les cellules capables de phagocytose telles que les neutrophiles. Les polynucléaires neutrophiles internalisent les microorganismes dans le phagosome, qui fusionne avec les granules lysosomiaux pour former le phagolysosome à l’intérieur duquel les particules infectieuses seront digérées. Plusieurs enzymes interviennent dans la destruction du pathogène. À la membrane phagosomale, les neutrophiles activent leur NADPH oxydase pour réduire le dioxygène (O2) en ion superoxyde (O2 . -) qui sera converti en peroxyde d’hydrogène (H2O2). Une autre enzyme, la myéloperoxydase (MPO), convertit l’H2O2 en HOCl. L’O2 . -, l’H2O2 et HOCl constituent les espèces réactives de l’oxygène (ROS). Celles-ci sont responsables du stress oxydant et permettent la destruction du pathogène. Mais ce stress oxydant peut également conduire à une situation pathologique si le système de détoxification de l’hôte est saturé, car ces ROS peuvent causer des dommages collatéraux dans les tissus environnants et provoquer une inflammation. La production contrôlée des ROS apparaît aussi comme un mécanisme essentiel de la signalisation cellulaire qui participe au maintien de l’homéostasie de la cellule. L’action de la MPO est controversée Paradoxalement, alors que l’HOCl est un puissant agent antimicrobien, un déficit partiel en l’enzyme MPO passe souvent inaperçu chez les personnes qui en sont atteintes [1]. Pourquoi les neutrophiles expriment-ils la MPO en grande quantité si la réduction de son activité n’a que peu d’effet ? De plus, la MPO semble avoir des effets délétères dans certaines maladies cardiovasculaires comme l’athérosclérose [2], et des inhibiteurs de l’enzyme sont développés dans un but thérapeutique. Dans un article paru dans Nature Microbiology [3], l’équipe de Dirk Bumannen, se fondant sur les travaux de Winterbourn et al. [4], a développé un modèle mathématique de la production et de la fuite des ROS dans un neutrophile stimulé par Salmonella afin de mieux comprendre l’action de la MPO. La modélisation révèle qu’en absence de MPO, la conversion en HOCl n’étant plus possible, le ROS majoritaire au sein du phagosome n’est autre que l’H2O2. Ce dernier va, dans un premier temps, éliminer le pathogène, puis il s’accumule dans le phagosome. Du fait de sa stabilité relative, H2O2 diffuse hors du phagosome. Lorsque la MPO est présente en concentration normale, la conversion de H2O2 en HOCl est efficace et peu d’H2O2 fuit hors du phagosome. L’HOCl a une distance de diffusion d’environ 30 nm, son action est donc confinée à l’intérieur du phagosome. Grâce à ces deux paramètres, conversion efficace de H2O2 en HOCl et action locale de HOCl, Salmonella est éliminée par HOCl et non pas par H2O2. En transformant un agent microbicide (H2O2) en un autre plus efficace et de localisation restreinte (HOCl), le rôle de la MPO consisterait ainsi à confiner l’action des ROS dans le phagosome.
Priority Assignment Algorithms for Shared Mesh Protection Switching

Shared mesh protection (SMP) is a protection mechanism that recovers traffic delivery against failures on a working path as rapidly as linear protection. In addition, it allows for resource sharing among the protection paths with different endpoints in a mesh network by coordinating the use of shared resources when multiple protection paths compete for these resources. Owing to limited protection resources and the preemption in consequence of priority comparison, the SMP introduces a new optimization problem whose objective is to find the optimal priority assignment that maximizes the number of protected services against any failure case for a given SMP network. In this paper, we recognize that the problem of finding the optimal solution is NP-hard and propose min-degree and capacity-density approximation algorithms, whose approximation ratios are presented with the maximum degree of services and the maximum capacity of segments of an SMP network. Moreover, we propose a depth-based algorithm that always finds the optimal solution for a hypertree-shaped SMP network. We compare the performance of the proposed algorithms in terms of the protection ratio, which we define in this paper.
Bioactive Compounds In Pegagan Leaf (Centella asiatica L. Urban) for Wound Healing

Plants that contain properties as medicines have been widely studied, both of which are still used traditionally and modern. Compounds that play a role in wound healing include asiatic acid, this compound is generally used to heal wounds. Gotu Kola contains asiatikosida in the form of glycosides and is widely used in herbs or traditional medicine. This plant is included in 50 main types of medicinal plants. Gotu kola (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) contains various active ingredients including: triterpenoid saponins, genin triterpenoids, essential oils, flavonoids, phytosterols, and other active ingredients. The most important active ingredient of several other active ingredients is triterpenoid saponins. The active ingredients of triterpenoid saponins include: asiatikosida, centellosida, madekossida, and asiatic acid. Saponins stimulate the formation of collagen, a protein structure that plays a role in the process of wound healing.
Human Activities Recognition Based on Neuro-Fuzzy Finite State Machine

Human activity recognition and modelling comprise an area of research interest that has been tackled by many researchers. The application of different machine learning techniques including regression analysis, deep learning neural networks, and fuzzy rule-based models has already been investigated. In this paper, a novel method based on Fuzzy Finite State Machine (FFSM) integrated with the learning capabilities of Neural Networks (NNs) is proposed to represent human activities in an intelligent environment. The proposed approach, called Neuro-Fuzzy Finite State Machine (N-FFSM), is able to learn the parameters of a rule-based fuzzy system, which processes the numerical input/output data gathered from the sensors and/or human experts’ knowledge. Generating fuzzy rules that represent the transition between states leads to assigning a degree of transition from one state to another. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The model is tested and evaluated using a dataset collected from a real home environment. The results show the effectiveness of using this method for modelling the activities of daily living based on ambient sensory datasets. The performance of the proposed method is compared with the standard NNs and FFSM techniques.
Morphological and molecular divergence of subspecies of Indian Bush Rats, Golunda ellioti Gray, 1837 (Rodentia: Muridae) from Sri Lanka

Genus Golunda is comprised of a single species of small bush rat endemic to southern Asia. In Sri Lanka, two subspecies are recognized, Golunda ellioti ellioti (Indian bush rat) and G. e. nuwara (Ceylon bush rat). These two subspecies can be differentiated by their tail length (longer in G. e. ellioti vs shorter in G. e. nuwara) fur type (short, harsh, spinous in G. e. ellioti vs long, soft and moderately fine in G. e. nuwara), colour of ventral pelage (light grey in G. e. ellioti vs bluish grey in G. e. nuwara) and microscopic hair anatomy (broader and shorter Guard Hair 1 with triangular and square shaped cross sections at the tip of the shield in G. e. ellioti vs narrower and longer Guard Hair 1 with circular to oval shaped cross sections in G. e. nuwara). In the present study, the divergence between the two subspecies was further evaluated using morphology (external and cranial) and molecular data (cytochrome-b, 16S and Rag 1 genes). We found that the brain case was comparatively rounded in G. e. ellioti and the interparietal bone was elongated in G. e. nuwara. Genetic distance between the two subspecies remain at subspecies level; 1.2% for cytochrome-b.
Macrophages: The Potent Immunoregulatory Innate Immune Cells

Macrophages are ubiquitously present innate immune cells in humans and animals belonging to both invertebrates and vertebrates. These cells were first recognized by Elia Metchnikoff in 1882 in the larvae of starfish upon insertion of thorns of tangerine tree and later in Daphnia magna or common water flea infected with fungal spores as cells responsible for the process of phagocytosis of foreign particles. Elia Metchnikoff received the Noble prize (Physiology and Medicine) for his discovery and describing the process of phagocytosis in 1908. More than 130 years have passed and different subtypes and roles of macrophages as innate immune cells have been established by the researchers. In addition to their immunoregulatory role in immune homeostasis and pathogenic infection, they also play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of sterile inflammatory conditions including autoimmunity, obesity, and cancer. The present chapter describes the immunoregulatory role of macrophages in the homeostasis and inflammatory diseases varying from autoimmunity to metabolic diseases including obesity.
Genetic variation for secondary seed dormancy and seed longevity in a set of blackseeded European winter oilseed rape cultivars

Abstract Secondary seed dormancy in oilseed rape is a phenomenon that allowsseeds to survive in the soil for many years without germination. Follow-ing soil cultivation, dormant seeds may germinate in subsequent years,and they are the main reason for the occurrence of volunteer oilseed rapeplants in successive crops. Inheritance of secondary dormancy may berelated to seed longevity (SL) in the soil. Genetic reduction in secondarydormancy and SL could provide a mean to reduce the frequency of vol-unteer plants and especially the dispersal of transgenic oilseed rape. Theaim of the present study was to analyse secondary dormancy, germina-tion rate and SL of 28 black-seeded winter oilseed rape cultivars using invitro laboratory tests. The material was tested in ﬁeld experiments at sixdifferent locations in Germany in 2008/2009. Signiﬁcant effects of thegenotype and the location on all traits were found. Heritability was highfor secondary dormancy (0.97) and moderate for germination rate (0.70)and SL (0.71). Results indicate that a selection for low secondary dor-mancy would be effective.
A country-wide survey of Varroa destructor, an ectoparasitic mite of honey bees, in Nigeria: a preliminary report

Through a country-wide survey, the present study aimed at investigating the extent of the spread of Varroa destructor in Nigeria. To this end, a total of 122 Apis mellifera colonies from 13 localities were sampled in regions without previous assessment of the mite. Infestation and prevalence rates were estimated using the soap washing method. Varroa mites were found in 87% of the sampled colonies with a parasitic load ranging from 0.20 to 16.35 mites per 100 adult bees per colony. Given the presence of the mite with a very high prevalence in all the sampled localities and the fact that each of the states from which the mite is not yet reported is next to at least one occupied state, it is very likely that V. destructor spread throughout Nigeria. Future molecular analyses can evaluate whether V. destructor in Nigeria stems from a single source or additional introductions.
Argumentation as a tool to explain the evolutionary links between human diseases: a case study

ABSTRACT Though argumentation is a key component of scientific knowledge construction practices, it rarely occurs in classrooms worldwide. Moreover, related literature in the context of genetics and evolution learning primarily addresses them separately. In contrast, this paper is part of broader research on genetics and evolution instruction taught together through scientific practices. We focused on students’ arguments and data use while working on a task that required developing explanatory links between sickle cell disease and malaria. Two research questions were framed: What is the nature of students’ arguments while explaining these links? What data do they mobilise and how do they use them to support their arguments? Our qualitative approach followed discourse analysis methods. To assess the quality of arguments, theoretical and empirical criteria were used, including the justifications and causal language in the arguments as well as theoretical considerations of genetics and evolution knowledge. The analysis of the second question focused on data use and their sources. The results pointed to students’ difficulties in building quality arguments using clear causal language, and to use of genetics and evolution notions in their conclusions. We suggest implications regarding how to address processes occurring on different time scales in combined genetics and evolution instruction.