Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Female Breast Cancer: Socio-Demographic, Lifestyle, and Clinical Risk Factors - A Hospital-Based Study in Two Egyptian Governorates

Background: Breast cancer in is the commonest and number one cancer among females in Egypt. Female breast cancer (FBC) has many preventable risk factors. Aim: To determine the socio-demographic, lifestyle, and clinical risk factors of FBC among Egyptian patients. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted on sample of 400 FBC patients. The patients were recruited from two hospitals of Al-Azhar University in Cairo and Assiut governorates. A case-control study design was used; the patients and controls were subjected for interview for history taking. Odds ratio was used to detect the risk factors. Results: Significant socio-demographic risk factors were high social, educational, and occupational levels (OR=1.92, 1.69, 1.95; respectively). Significant gynecological risk factors were age at menarche <13, menopause ≥50, and menstrual period ≥40 year (OR=1.49, 1.62, 2.09; respectively). Significant reproductive risk factors were never married, first full term pregnancy at age ≥35, and no breast-feeding (OR=2.7, 2.97, 2.64; respectively). Family history of FBC, the maternal/paternal grandmother and the aunts, sister, and mother were significant risk factors (OR=5.23, 6.68, 5.1, 4.45; respectively). Significant clinical risk factors were history of benign breast disease, heights ≥160 cm, and exposure to environmental factors (OR=5.14, 1.86, 4.94; respectively). Significant lifestyle risk factors were ever smoked, alcohol use, and non-physically active woman (OR=2.98, 3.51, 1.78; respectively). Significant dietary risk factors were high consumption of fats and low consumption of fresh fruits/vegetables (OR=2.48, 1.73; respectively). Significant health care behavior risk factor was no modification of lifestyle risk factors (OR=2.14). Conclusions: Many of FBC risk factors are modifiable and preventable; identification of these factors may lead to improve preventive strategies. We recommend to conducted more studies to understand the true epidemiology of FBC. There is need for increase awareness of the disease, strength the national FBC screening program, and integration of the FBC these services into the health facilities that women use.
Editorial

To Britons it will ever be a source of pride that he is one of her most illustrious sons, and to Scotsmen, more especially, the fact that the foundations of his world-wide fame were laid in Edinburgh and Glasgow must always serve as a stimulus to succeeding generations of students, and shed lustre over the universities which were privileged to claim his services. It was as a young surgeon in the Edinburgh lioyal Infirmary that those researches which have revolutionised surgery were first begun, and which were continued with ever-increasing zest and
Comparison of Masseter Muscle Changes in Tobacco Chewers and Non-Chewers using Ultrasonography.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The introduction of commercial pan masala, dehydrated and non-perishable powdered areca nut, slaked lime, catechu and cardamom with or without tobacco available in attractive sachets has enhanced the use of smokeless tobacco in India leading to detrimental health effects. Frequent and prolonged chewing of tobacco exerts pressure on muscles of mastication which may result in hypertrophy of muscle. The aim of the study was to measure thickness of masseter muscle at rest and at contraction in subjects with tobacco chewing habit and in control group by ultrasonography, and also to determine blood flow by artery detection with Doppler ultrasound. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ultrasonographic measurements were performed with 11 MHz linear transducer probe for 40 subjects comprising of 20 tobacco chewers and 20 non chewers. RESULTS: Study group showed increased thickness both on right and left side masseter muscle and also in relaxed and contracted state when compared to control group. The Contracted masseter muscle thickness was more than relaxed state in both groups which was highly significant. No statistically significant differences between right and left side muscle lengths and artery detection were obtained. CONCLUSION: Our study emphasizes the detection of masseter muscle hypertrophy in tobacco chewers which would otherwise lead to muscle pathology. However more studies have to be carried out owing to high prevalence of tobacco chewing in India. Also, evaluating more blood flow parameters other than artery detection alone in the muscle is recommended to determine vascularity.
Comparison between leukocyte esterase activity and histopathological examination in identifying chorioamnionitis

Abstract Objective To compare the sensitivity and specificity of leukocyte esterase activity (LEA) to histopathological examination in diagnosing chorioamnionitis. Methods We compared the diagnostic tests performed at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia, from September 2015 to April 2016. Ninety-one pregnant women were included in the study. The LEA and histopathological examination were carried out with neonatal sepsis the main outcome. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 21.0 and MedCalc statistics. Results Chorioamnionitis was detected in 54 (77.1%) patients with a gestational age ≥37 weeks and in 16 (22.9%) patients with a gestational age <37 weeks. The duration of membrane rupture was significantly associated with chorioamnionitis (P = 0.001 and P = 0.011). Neonatal sepsis was also significantly associated with chorioamnionitis in both groups (P = 0.014 and P = 0.036). A LEA value with the cut-off point >0.5 was able to significantly predict chorioamnionitis with 98.6% sensitivity and 95.2% specificity, providing better accuracy in diagnosing chorioamnionitis in the preterm pregnancy group. Conclusion LEA had a very good predictive value for chorioamnionitis with better accuracy in diagnosing chorioamnionitis in preterm pregnancy.
PROGNOSIS IN ADVANCED NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER - A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY EXAMINING ECOG PERFORMANCE STATUS SCORES OF PATIENTS

Â Â Objective: Increasing prevalence and poor survival of advanced incurable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) make it a major health problem globally, especially in developing countries. This awakens need for identification of the strongest prognostic factor that helps in the selection of appropriate treatment and hence palliates symptoms and improves survival. Lung cancer treatment guidelines advise performance status (PS) as the most established prognostic factor in advanced NSCLC patients. This study investigated the prognostic significance of PS.Methods: An observational study was done for 163 advanced NSCLC adult Malaysian patients in Radiotherapy and Oncology Clinic, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Demographic and clinical data were recorded. Kaplan-Meier test was used to measure median overall survival (OS) and Cox proportional hazard model to calculate the hazard ratio for different categories of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) PS.Results: The mean age and body weight were 56. 7Â±10.1 years old and 57. 42Â±13.5 kg, respectively. Majority patients were male (68.7%), Stage IV NSCLC (65.0%), and ECOG PS score of 2 (41.1%). ECOG PS had a significant association with age and body weight. Median OS was least for ECOG PS score of 4 (253 days) and was statistically significant (p=0.003). ECOG PS was a significant independent prognostic factor for survival in advanced NSCLC patients (p<0.001). Conclusion: PS is a strong prognostic factor in advanced NSCLC.
Reply

Dr Sivakumar (this issue) raises the point in his discussion of possible underestimation of the correlation dimensions of two daily streamflow time series in Elshorbagy et al. (2001). He indicates that, in the time series reported by Elshorbagy et al. (2001), there is no clear saturation of the correlation exponent at the chosen values, and there is saturation also at other values. Dr Sivakumar goes even further by claiming that the existence of chaos in the reported streams by Elshorbagy et al. (2001) is ambiguous due to the raised issue of possible underestimation of correlation dimension. In this reply, we briefly highlight some important philosophical points that can help the reader to understand the potential of applying principles of chaos theory to hydrological time series. In addition to this overall assessment that can suffice in obviating the doubts raised in the discussion, a brief but succinct answer to Dr Sivakumar's queries is given.
Effects of Low-to-medium Intensity Intradialytic Resistance Training in Elderly Chronic Hemodialysis Patients: Preliminary Effects after One Year of Intervention

Objective: To analyze the eŠects of intradialytic resistance training on physical function in 8 hemodialysis patients aged 60 years. Method: Physical function, blood pressure, heart rate, and biochemical data were analyzed before and after 3 and 12 months of exercise therapy. Focusing on muscle strengthening of the trunk and legs while on bed rest, the exercise load of the intervention was individualized for each patient. Results: Signiˆcant diŠerences were observed in ankle plantar ‰exor strength, the Timed Up and Go test, and maximum walking speed between before and after 3 months of intervention. However, no signiˆcant diŠerences were observed from 3 to 12 months, indicating that there was no long-term improvement upon lowto-medium resistance training during hemodialysis. Conclusion: Further studies with increased sample sizes are required to elucidate the appropriate intensity, frequency, and duration for an eŠective resistance training program in this population.
The effectiveness of PowerPoint presentation and conventional lecture on pedagogical content knowledge attainment

Abstract In English language teaching settings, the type of lecture is important since students should be exposed to instantly recognisable linguistic features in the target language through interaction. This quasi-experimental study was designed to compare the effectiveness of PowerPoint presentations (PPP) and conventional lecture/discussion sessions on the pedagogical content knowledge of the student-teachers of English. PPP were used in the experimental group and conventional lecture/discussion sessions were employed in the control group (CG). The findings revealed that the treatment process was effective on both groups, but the CG achieved better in the post-test. Following the treatment process, the efficiency of the applications was also tested by means of a questionnaire. The CG reflected more positive attitudes towards the conventional lecture/discussion in terms of the quality of instructional strategies, academic language use, professional development, professional perception and problem-solving.
A critical discussion of recent texts in child counselling

There are numerous limitations to being an effective school counsellor. Each of the three books I will be reviewing in this article speaks to some of these restrictions. They include (but are certainly not confined to) aspects of the school setting such as the (lack of ) quality of the room, repeated interruptions or late starts and time taken up with ‘trivial’ matters. Resources in schools are usually inadequate with one counsellor responsible for up to 1700 students. In addition, counselling aims must acknowledge the mandate of the school and the standards of the teachers. For example, supporting individuation in an atmosphere that values conformity may not be highly appreciated by the counsellor’s colleagues. Confidentiality and professional boundaries are particular problems for school counsellors. No school counsellor can offer absolute confidentiality due to child protection codes. The laws and codes cited in these texts are specific to the areas in which their authors reside, so readers will need to check the laws of their own country or provinces. Still, the essence of the difficulty of providing a safe counselling space in which to develop a trusting relationship remains consistent. The three texts under review suggest methods other than those of traditional counselling in order to deal with these limitations. In Brief counselling in the schools: working with young people from 11 to 18, Lines (2002) suggests that brief, goal-centred approaches best lend themselves to the time limitations and frequent interruptions of an educational setting. Bor, Ebner-Landy, Gill and Brace (2002), in Counselling in schools, concentrate on solution-focused systemic counselling, while Cowie and Wallace’s (2000) Peer support in action: from bystanding to standing by, advocates peer support as an answer to the difficulties of providing efficacious school counselling. I found that each book (as I will describe) provides useful information for those wishing to tailor a counselling program to school resources. However, I must admit
Diagnostic and treatment challenges in management of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis

Among infections pertaining to head and neck rhinosinusitis holds a significant position both with regard to the prevalence and morbidity. Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) was initially considered a counterpart of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis when first diagnosed by Sa firstein in 1976 due to its clinical presentations and seemingly similar pathogenesis. Initially only Aspergillus was known as the causative, but now various other fungal species are known to cause chronic rhinosinusitis; hence, the terminology allergic fungal sinusitis was preferred. Exposure to fungi results in similar as asthma in atopic individuals, but then, some nonatopic individuals may also present with similar symptoms. It has also been studied that the presence of serum immunoglobulin E does not ensure the presence of allergy. Till date, there are several controversies regarding pathogenesis, whether humoral or immune mediated, population at risk, variations in presentations, diagnostic parameters, and treatment protocols. In this review, we try to revisit and learn from past documented experiences to further our attempt toward better understanding of the disease process, its diagnosis, and management.
Book reviews

Taylor and Francis RIJA_A_453461. gm 10.1080/13601440903529976 International Journal for Academic Development 360-144X (print)/1470-1324 (online) Original Article 2 1 & Francis 5 0 0 00Ma ch 2010 D vidVellu d vid.vel ut@d o.kuleuven. be L’évaluation de l’enseignement par les étudiants: approches critiques et pratiques innovantes, edited by Marc Romainville and Cristina Coggi, Brussels, De Boeck, 2009, 304 pp., €34.50, (paperback), ISBN 978-2-8041-0750-5
Evaluation of the damage in the vault and portico of the pre-Romanesque chapel of San Salvador de Valdediós using frictional contacts and the finite-element method

Monuments are by definition unique buildings which cannot be reduced to any standard structural scheme. In this study, we have used quasi-static loads, which is common practice in many finite-element (FEM) analyses of masonry structures. Thus it is difficult to evaluate their reliability, because in addition to the many uncertainties that exist in all ‘old’ buildings, no statistics on the behaviour of similar buildings are available. In this paper we describe a study of the structure of the chapel of San Salvador de Valdediós and proposals for its restoration. The non-linear analysis is based on the application of FEM to each of the stone blocks in this ancient structure. The blocks are assembled side by side using ‘contact elements’ in order to reproduce the mechanical behaviour of the mortar and the surface conditions of the blocks, some of which are seriously damaged. A clear understanding of the structural behaviour, based on sophisticated analysis tools, can reduce the extent of the remedial measures necessary for the restoration of the chapel vault and portico. In this case, severe damage to the chapel vault has affected the portico, resulting in the possibility of a structural collapse. Finally, based on the numerical results obtained for different load cases and hypotheses, we propose a solution for the repair of this part of the chapel using either traditional materials or compatible substitutes.
Miami and North Wales, So Far and Yet So Near: A Constructivist Account of Morphosyntactic Development in Bilingual Children

This paper proposes a constructivist account of the development of morphosyntax in bilinguals, based on an examination of two populations – English–Spanish bilinguals in Miami and English–Welsh bilinguals in North Wales. Despite sociocultural and sociolinguistic differences across these groups, the development of bilinguals in the two groups reveals core commonalities. These core commonalities are posited to be a by-product of normal processes of language development, as seen from a constructivist view. These processes are outlined, and predictions based on them are discussed regarding key issues in bilingualism research, including whether bilinguals' two languages develop as autonomous or interactive systems, whether bilingual development is parallel in pacing and sequence to monolingual development, and whether bilingual attainment in their two languages is similar to that of monolinguals.
Response to Entrectinib in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer With a ROS1 Fusion

The detection of gene fusions in cancer provides insight into tumorigenesis and in some cases reveals potential therapeutic targets. There are now amultitude of small-molecule inhibitors that effectively target tumors harboring specific gene fusions. With successful paradigms in place for chronic myelogenous leukemia and non–smallcell lung cancer (NSCLC), discovery of fusion events can have an immediate and significant clinical impact. Gene fusions in ROS1, for example, predict sensitivity to the oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor crizotinib and have led to the approval of crizotinib for the treatment of NSCLC with an ROS1 fusion. ROS1 fusions have also been detected in multiple other cancer types, including glioblastomamultiforme, gastric cancer, and acral lentiginous melanoma, but response to ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors in tumors other than lung cancer is not well characterized. Recently, a CCDC30-ROS1 fusion was identified in a case of papillary thyroid cancer; this patient was successfully treatedwith standard therapy.There have been no other reported cases of an ROS1 fusion in thyroid cancer. Although ROS1 fusions have been detected in various tumor types, none were identified in 226 cases analyzed by theMSKIMPACT (Memorial Sloan Kettering Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets) next-generation sequencing panel or in 498 cases included in an analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas RNA sequencing data.Here, we provide the first report to our knowledge of an EZR-ROS1 fusion in a patient withmetastatic papillary thyroid cancer and confirm the role of this gene fusion as a therapeutic target by describing its response to entrectinib, an orally bioavailable, CNS-active, small-molecule inhibitor ofROS1 aswell asTRKA, TRKB, TRKC, and ALK.
LBA31_PRAdding abiraterone acetate plus prednisolone (AAP) or docetaxel for patients (pts) with high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) starting long-term androgen deprivation therapy (ADT): Directly randomised data from STAMPEDE (NCT00268476)

Background: GermlinemutationsinDNArepairgeneshavebeenassociatedwithpoor prostatecanceroutcomesandprogressiontometastaticdisease,butnoconclusivedataareavailableregardingsurvivalfrommCRPCandresponsetocurrentlyapprovedsur-vival-prolongingtherapies(SPT). Methods: ProspectivemulticentreobservationalstudyofnewlydiagnosedmCRPC
Orthopaedic Radiology Pathology Conference Left Calf Mass in a 13-Year-Old Boy

A 13-year-old boy presented to the authors’ institution with a 6-month history of a mass in his left calf. The mass had not decreased in size despite the patient’s use of cold compresses and compression bandages. The patient denied experiencing pain when walking or with knee flexion, although the mass was painful if accidentally bumped. The patient did not complain of fevers, chills, nausea, or vomiting. He otherwise was healthy and his medical and family history were unremarkable. On physical examination, the patient was a healthy appearing, well-developed 13-year-old boy in no apparent distress. The patient had good motor strength and function in all extremities. A soft tissue mass, approximately 8 6 cm in diameter, was palpated along the proximal and GLOSSARY
Bioinformatics Approach to Screening and Developing Drug against Ebola

Ebola is an acute disease causing hemorrhagic fever marked with high mortality rate. The patients who suffer from Ebola only receive palliative care because there is no avail able drug which can consistently cure this disease. To date, no cure has been found to treat this disease. Bioinformatics and computer-aided drug discovery and development (CADDD) are employed to utilize the readily available genomic and proteomic data and enhance the hit rate of the novel and repurposed drug for Ebola therapy. Additionally, the time and cost of wet laboratory experiments can be drastically reduced by the support of bioinformatics approach. Our laboratory has succeeded not only in creating the bioinformatics research pipeline but also screening and developing the drug candidate to cure Ebola. Through pharmacophore-based virtual screening and molecular docking simulations, we discovered that about three Indonesian natural product compounds have note- worthy molecular interactions against EBOV VP35 protein, which are responsible for the RNA synthesis of the Ebola. These compounds can be reevaluated further through advances in in silico simulation and in vitro experiments.
The effects of the CLIL approach in young foreign language learners’ lexical profiles

ABSTRACT The present paper presents a comparative study of the lexical profiles of young content and language integrated learning (CLIL) and traditional English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ written production. The different nature and amount of foreign language input received in these classes may have consequences in learners’ lexical profiles in writing. We scrutinized the writings of 72 CLIL learners and 68 traditional EFL learners for frequency bands of words used, word origin, L1 influence in lexical production, and phonetic spelling, and learners’ vocabulary sizes with the Vocabulary Levels Test (VLT). Learners attended 4th of Primary, were 9–10, had Spanish as their L1. CLIL learners had received 700 hours of English and traditional learners 419. Despite the difference in amount and nature of the input received, very similar results were obtained. The young age of the learners may impose certain cognitive constraints on expression and metalinguistic awareness that might override hours of instruction and the beneficial communicative nature of the CLIL approach.
KNOWLEDGE DYNAMICS: BIOTECHNOLOGY’S INCURSION INTO THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY

This contribution addresses the complex patterns characterizing the pharmaceutical industry due to a single technological breakthrough: the discovery of recombinant DNA techniques in 1973. Moreover, the consequent development of biotechnology has become more and more pervasive within the pharmaceutical sector. The paper examines the empirical evidence and depicts the major stylized facts that characterize the articulation between biotech and the pharma industries, insisting on the existence of a two-stage process in that pervasive character of biotechnology in the pharmaceutical industry. The core of the argument is that the two major periods identified from empirical evidence can be described through the use of analyses based on the work of Penrose and Richardson, respectively. If the first period is mainly characterized by new entrants competing with incumbents on well-established products (the interstice argument), the second period shows a more complex landscape that requires a better analysis of the nature of the activities developed as well as of their possible interactions, complementary and/or substitutive effects in order to highlight the dynamics of the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries.