Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Many early childhood Investing in Preschool Programs

A t the beginning of kindergarten, the math and reading achievement gaps between children in the bottom and top income quintiles amount to more than a full standard deviation. Early childhood education programs provide child care services and may facilitate the labor market careers of parents, but their greatest potential value is as a human capital investment in young children, particularly children from economically disadvantaged families (Heckman 2006). After all, both human and animal studies highlight the critical importance of experiences in the earliest years of life for establishing the brain architecture that will shape future cognitive, social, and emotional development, as well as physical and mental health (Sapolsky 2004; Knudsen, Heckman, Cameron, and Shonkoff 2006). Moreover, research on the malleability (plasticity) of cognitive abilities fi nds these skills to be highly responsive to environmental enrichment during the early childhood period (Nelson and Sheridan 2011). Perhaps early childhood education programs can be designed to provide the kinds of enrichment that low-income children most need to do well in school and succeed in the labor market. We summarize the available evidence on the extent to which expenditures on early childhood education programs constitute worthy social investments in the human capital of children. We begin with a short overview of existing early childhood education programs, and then summarize results from a substantial body of methodologically sound evaluations of the impacts of early childhood education. We fi nd that the evidence supports few unqualifi ed conclusions. Many early childhood Investing in Preschool Programs
Hypermethylation and aberrant expression of secreted frizzled-related protein genes in pancreatic cancer.

AIM To determine the methylation status and aberrant expression of some secreted frizzled-related protein (SFRP) genes in pancreatic cancer and explore their role in pancreatic carcinogenesis. METHODS Methylation status and expression of SFRP genes were detected by methylation-specific PCR (MSPCR) and reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) respectively. RESULTS The frequencies of methylation for SFRP genes 1, 2, 4, 5 were 70%, 48.3%, 60% and 76.7% in pancreatic cancer samples, and 21.7%, 20%, 10% and 36.7% in matched cancer adjacent normal tissue samples, respectively (c2 = 28.23, P < 0.0001 for SFRP gene 1; c2 = 10.71, P = 0.001 for SFRP gene 2; c2 = 32.97, P < 0.0001 for SFRP gene 4; c2 = 19.55, P < 0.0001 for SFRP gene 5). Expression loss of SFRP genes 1, 2, 4 and 5 was found in 65%, 40%, 55% and 71.7% of 60 pancreatic cancer samples, and 25%, 15%, 18.3% and 31.7% of matched cancer adjacent normal tissue samples, respectively (c2 = 19.39, P < 0.0001 for SFRP gene 1; c2 = 9.40, P = 0.002 for SFRP gene 2; c2 = 17.37, P < 0.0001 for SFRP gene 4; c2 = 19.22, P < 0.0001 for SFRP gene 5). SFRP gene 1 was methylated but not expressed in PC-3 and PANC-1, SFRP gene 2 was methylated but not expressed in PANC-1 and CFPAC-1, SFRP gene 4 was methylated but not expressed in PC-3, and SFRP gene 5 was methylated but not expressed in CFPAC-1. CONCLUSION Hypermethylation and aberrant expression of SFRP genes are common in pancreatic cancer, which may be involved in pancreatic carcino-genesis.
Nanomanipulation and characterization of structural proteins

A methodology is presented for simultaneous mechanical testing and atomic force microscopy imaging of single collagen fibrils under load. This method holds the promise for determining single-fibril modulus and strength in various experimental preparations. Examples of this utility include characterization of deformation and failure modes of naturally occurring and engineered structural proteins. Additional promise of this technique is robotic surgery at the submicron scale for repairing neuronal tracts and capillaries with structural proteins. A series of algorithms for tying knots at the nanoscale in single fibrils is also presented.
Effect of administrating polysaccharide from black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) on atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that causes dry skin and functional disruption of the skin barrier. AD is often accompanied by allergic inflammation. AD patient suffer from heavy itching, and their quality of life is severely affected. Some pharmaceuticals for AD have some side effects such as skin atrophy. So it is necessary to develop mild solutions such as food ingredients without side effects. There are various causes of AD. It is especially induced by immunological imbalances such as IFN-γ reduction. IFN-γ has an important role in regulating IgE, which can cause an allergy reaction. NC/Nga mice develop AD and IgE hyperproduction. In a previous study, we revealed that administration of polysaccharide from black currant (R. nigrum) has an effect on immunomodulation. It induces IFN-γ production from myeloid dendritic cells. We named this polysaccharide cassis polysaccharide (CAPS). In this report, we studied the effect of administering CAPS on atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. Thirty NC/Nga mice that developed symptoms of atopic dermatitis were used. We divided them into three groups (control, CAPS administration 12 mg/kg/day, CAPS administration 60 mg/kg/day). For 4 weeks, we evaluated clinical score, serum IgE levels, gene expression of spleen, and skin pathology. We revealed that CAPS administration improves atopic dermatitis symptoms. We also found that CAPS administration suppresses IgE hyperproduction and induces IFN-γ gene transcription in the spleen. Finally, we confirmed that CAPS administration suppresses mast cell migration to epidermal skin. These results indicated that CAPS has an effect on AD.
Barriers to prenatal care among Black women of low socioeconomic status.

OBJECTIVE To qualitatively identify attitudinal and psychosocial determinants of early prenatal care among Black women of low socioeconomic status (SES). METHODS Focus group discussions were conducted among Black women who attended community clinics for prenatal care. RESULTS Early initiators of prenatal care, compared with late initiators, had positive attitudes toward pregnancy, were knowledgeable about pregnancy signs/symptoms, and thought prenatal care was important. All participants indicated strong social support during pregnancy. Late initiators, particularly multiparous women, perceived clinic staff to be insensitive. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide valuable insight into overcoming barriers to early initiation of prenatal care among low SES Black women.
Human melanoma cell lines differ in their capacity to release ADP and aggregate platelets

Summary. In this study we have investigated, using three different human melanoma cell lines (M1Do., M3Da., M4Be.), the varying capacity of melanoma cells to induce platelet aggregation in the presence or absence of inhibitors of ADP or thrombin. The expression levels of different integrins (αv, β3, αvβ3, αIIb, αvβ3) were evaluated by immunoprecipitation, binding and flow cytometry studies. The level of ADP in supernatants of melanoma cells were quantified by ADP bioassay and HPLC. Platelets were irreversibly aggregated by M3Da. as shown by electron microscopy, in contrast to M1Do, which induced a slow reversible aggregation. M4Be. did not induce platelet aggregation. In both cases, with M3Da. or M1Do. , apyrase but not PPACK inhibited platelet induced aggregation. An anti‐αvβ3 monoclonal antibody (LYP18) or polyclonal antibody inhibited platelet aggregation. A similar number of LYP18 molecules bound to the surface of M1Do. , M3Da. and M4Be. cell lines. Biological HPLC assays of ADP present in the supernatant of tumour cell lines showed the highest concentration of ADP to be secreted by M3Da. , followed by M1Do. , and none detected for M4Be. These results show that differences in in vitro aggregating potential of the three human melanoma cell lines are not related to low integrin expression levels but to their ability to generate ADP. Generation of ADP by human melanoma cells may act as important modulator of melanoma‐platelet interactions.
Implant Design Affects Markers of Bone Resorption and Formation in Total Hip Replacement

Concentrations of the bone resorption markers pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline and the bone formation marker osteocalcin were measured in 24‐h urine collections from 30 subjects who underwent unilateral total hip replacements for monoarticular symptomatic osteoarthrosis and 10 controls. The patient groups were divided based on the femoral implant type (cemented cobalt alloy stem, cementless porous coated cobalt alloy stem, and cementless porous coated titanium alloy stem). Urine collections were performed before surgery and then at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months. There were significant changes over time in the three patient groups for pyridinoline, deoxypyridinoline, and the ratio of osteocalcin to deoxypyridinoline (p ≤ 0.01), but the control group values did not change over time. The resorption markers tended to peak at 3 months and the osteocalcin to deoxypyridinoline ratio was more variable, having depressed values in the cementless cobalt alloy group and elevated values in the other two groups compared with baseline. The cementless cobalt alloy group had higher resorption marker levels than the cemented cobalt alloy group at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months and higher levels than the cementless titanium alloy group at all postoperative times (p < 0.05). The osteocalcin to deoxypyridinoline ratio was lower in the cementless cobalt alloy group than in the cemented cobalt alloy group at 3, 6, and 24 months and the cementless titanium alloy group at 6, 12, and 24 months (p < 0.05). For the cemented cobalt chrome group, the baseline‐normalized resorption marker values at 3 months and 6 months were correlated with the severity of radiographically assessed bone loss at 36 months (0.749 < r < 0.840; p < 0.05). For the cementless titanium alloy group, baseline‐normalized osteocalcin/deoxypyridinoline ratios at 3 months and 6 months were related inversely to radiographic bone loss at 36 months (0.687 < r < 0.749; p < 0.05). Thus, body fluid markers of bone metabolism change after total hip replacement. In addition, the changes in the marker concentrations were sensitive to implant design and were correlated with subsequent stress‐shielding‐induced bone loss.
Identification of a Dynamic Atmosphere at Enceladus with the Cassini Magnetometer

The Cassini magnetometer has detected the interaction of the magnetospheric plasma of Saturn with an atmospheric plume at the icy moon Enceladus. This unanticipated finding, made on a distant flyby, was subsequently confirmed during two follow-on flybys, one very close to Enceladus. The magnetometer data are consistent with local outgassing activity via a plume from the surface of the moon near its south pole, as confirmed by other Cassini instruments.
Who Gets Alcoholic Liver Disease: Nature or Nurture?

The factors determining why fewer than 10% of drinkers develop advanced alcoholic liver disease remain largely unknown. There is a weak relationship between disease risk and the dose and pattern of alcohol consumed. Obesity increases the risk of all stages of alcoholic liver disease, probably reflecting the role of steatosis in the pathogenesis of more advanced disease. Women develop disease at a lower intake than men due, in part, to their lower volume of distribution for alcohol, but also potentially to increased gut permeability to endotoxin. Recent studies suggest a non-gender-linked genetic component to disease susceptibility and recent case-control studies have suggested that polymorphisms of genes encoding cytokines and other immunoregulatory molecules may exert a significant effect. The pattern of polymorphisms associated with risk suggests that antibody-mediated mechanisms play a role in disease pathogenesis. This has implications for treatment and for identifying high risk individuals at an early stage.
A CMOS integrated capacitive fingerprint sensor with 32-bit RISC microcontroller

The SOC implementation of a capacitive fingerprint sensor, which embeds the 32-bit microcontroller for performing an identification algorithm, is described for user authentication on small, thin, and portable equipment. The SOC is composed of a 160/spl times/192 pixel array with a sensor detection circuit and the embedded 32-bit RISC microcontroller. The proposed sensor detection circuit increases the voltage difference between a ridge and valley about 180% more than conventional detection circuit does and minimizes any electrostatic discharge influence by applying an effective isolation structure. The test chip was fabricated on a 0.35-/spl mu/m standard CMOS 1-poly 4-metal process.
Increasing anthropogenic nitrogen in the North Pacific Ocean

The recent increase in anthropogenic emissions of reactive nitrogen from northeastern Asia and the subsequent enhanced deposition over the extensive regions of the North Pacific Ocean (NPO) have led to a detectable increase in the nitrate (N) concentration of the upper ocean. The rate of increase of excess N relative to phosphate (P) was found to be highest (∼0.24 micromoles per kilogram per year) in the vicinity of the Asian source continent, with rates decreasing eastward across the NPO, consistent with the magnitude and distribution of atmospheric nitrogen deposition. This anthropogenically driven increase in the N content of the upper NPO may enhance primary production in this N-limited region, potentially leading to a long-term change of the NPO from being N-limited to P-limited. Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen from Asian pollution has increased the nitrate concentration of the upper North Pacific Ocean. Polluting the way to more productivity Most biologically available nitrogen comes from the recycling of organic matter and nitrogen fixation. However, airborne anthropogenic nitrogen—air pollution—can also provide a source of such nitrogen. Kim et al. reconstructed changes in the N content of surface water across the North Pacific Ocean for the past four decades. N concentrations have increased markedly. This trend could enhance microbial growth in the ocean and eventually increase production of the greenhouse gas N2O. Science, this issue p. 1102
Barrier agents for preventing adhesions after surgery for subfertility.

BACKGROUND Pelvic adhesions can be the result of inflamation, endometriosis or surgical trauma. Prevention of postoperative adhesions (either new or reoccurance) has been postulated by using barriers to prevent two surfaces being in contact. When pelvic surgery is being undertaken strategies to reduce pelvic adhesions occurring may be undertaken and these include barrier agents which are placed between the pelvic structures. Two synthetic barriers with differential characteristics are commercially available: oxidised regenerated cellulose (Interceed) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFC) (GoreTex). OBJECTIVES The objective of this review was to assess the effect of mechanical barriers (materials interposed between pelvic structures to prevent adherence of serosal surfaces) used during pelvic surgery in women of reproductive age on pregnancy rates, pelvic pain, or postoperative adhesion reformation. SEARCH STRATEGY The Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group specialised register of controlled clinical trials was undertaken. In addition, companies were contacted for unpublished trials. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials or controlled clinical trials of barriers versus no treatment or other barriers in women undergoing fertility preserving pelvic surgery. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Reviewers assessed eligibility and trial quality. MAIN RESULTS 15 randomised controlled trials were included. Five trials randomised patients while the remainder randomised pelvic organs. Laparoscopy was the primary surgical technique in six trials while the remaining trials were laparotomy. Indications for surgery included myomectomy (five trials), ovarian surgery (four trials), pelvic adhesions (six trials), endometriosis (two trials) and mixed (one trial). Thirteen trials assessed Interceed versus no treatment, two assessed Interceed versus Gore-Tex, one trial assessed Gore-Tex versus no treatment, and one trial assessed Seprafilm versus no treatment. No study reported pregnancy or reduction in pain as an outcome. The use of Interceed in women was associated with reduced incidence of pelvic adhesion formation, both new formation and re-formation following laparoscopic surgery and after laparotomy. Gore-Tex was more effective than no barrier or Interceed in preventing adhesion formation. There was limited evidence that Seprafilm was effective in preventing adhesion formation in women following myomectomy. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS The absorbable adhesion barrier Interceed reduces the incidence of adhesion formation, both new formation and re-formation, at laparoscopy and laparotomy, but there are insufficient data to support its use to improve pregnancy rates. Gore-Tex may be superior to Interceed in preventing adhesion formation but its usefulness is limited by the need for suturing and later removal. There was no evidence of effectiveness of Seprafilm in preventing adhesion formation.
Chorionic villus sampling in multiple pregnancies.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the accuracy and risk of chorionic villus sampling (CVS) for prenatal diagnosis in multiple pregnancies. METHOD Twenty-eight chorionic villus samplings were carried out in a group of women with twin pregnancies. A transabdominal route was chosen in 24 samplings and the rest (four samplings) were carried out in a transcervical route. In the group of women with triple pregnancies, 14 tests were performed in a transabdominal route and one in a transcervical route. RESULTS No sampling failure occurred. One laboratory failure occurred in a triplet pregnancy, and one abnormal karyotype (47,xy+18) was found in the group of 28 twin fetuses. The rest of the fetuses in this group had normal karyotypes. Of the five triplets, two chromosomal abnormalities were diagnosed: a mosaic 46,xy/47,xxy was found in both cases. One fetus was affected by fragile -x syndrome. Selective reduction of the affected fetuses was carried out. There was no spontaneous fetal loss. Fetuses which were found to have normal prenatal tests were also found to be normal when born. CONCLUSION In this relatively small series of CVS in twins and triplets, the procedure has been proven to be safe and reliable for prenatal diagnosis.
Research of interaction design method based on metaphor

This paper starts from the concept of metaphor and interaction design. Firstly, the paper proposed the idea of interaction design based on metaphor. Then the contents and characteristics about this idea have been analyzed. Finally, according to this interaction design idea, story-based interaction design method which is based on users' metaphor cognition has been put forward, and the steps, contents and flow on this method also have been discussed in detail, including some cases' analysis.
SUCCESSFUL FATHERS SIRE SUCCESSFUL SONS

The theory of sexual selection holds a central role in evolutionary biology. Its key assumption is the heritability of traits associated with reproductive success. Strong indirect evidence supporting this assumption comes from the numerous studies that have identified heritable traits associated with mating success. However, there remain only a handful of studies that have attempted to demonstrate directly that successful fathers have successful sons. We present the results of an experimental study of the mating success and phenotype of male field crickets Gryllus bimaculatus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) and their offspring. These reveal that sons of successful males obtain significantly more copulations than sons of unsuccessful males. There was no difference in body size of sons of either group, but sons of successful males had significantly longer development times. This may represent a naturally selected cost to traits associated with success that could balance their sexually selected advantages.
An Empirical Model and Ethnic Differences in Cultural Meanings Via Motives for Suicide.

OBJECTIVE The importance of cultural meanings via motives for suicide - what is considered acceptable to motivate suicide - has been advocated as a key step in understanding and preventing development of suicidal behaviors. There have been limited systematic empirical attempts to establish different cultural motives ascribed to suicide across ethnic groups. METHOD We used a mixed methods approach and grounded theory methodology to guide the analysis of qualitative data querying for meanings via motives for suicide among 232 Caucasians, Asian Americans, and Latino/a Americans with a history of suicide attempts, ideation, intent, or plan. We used subsequent logistic regression analyses to examine ethnic differences in suicide motive themes. RESULTS This inductive approach of generating theory from data yielded an empirical model of 6 cultural meanings via motives for suicide themes: intrapersonal perceptions, intrapersonal emotions, intrapersonal behavior, interpersonal, mental health/medical, and external environment. Logistic regressions showed ethnic differences in intrapersonal perceptions (low endorsement by Latino/a Americans) and external environment (high endorsement by Latino/a Americans) categories. CONCLUSION Results advance suicide research and practice by establishing 6 empirically based cultural motives for suicide themes that may represent a key intermediary step in the pathway toward suicidal behaviors. Clinicians can use these suicide meanings via motives to guide their assessment and determination of suicide risk. Emphasis on environmental stressors rather than negative perceptions like hopelessness should be considered with Latino/a clients.
Metabolism of resistant mutants of Streptococcus faecalis. III. The action of 6-mercaptopurine.

The effect of 6-mercaptopurine of S. faecalis (ATCC No. 8043) and several of its mutants has been investigated. Some mutants are able to use the inhibitor as a source of nucleic acid purines; to some extent, resistance may be due to that fact. Two single mutants are resistant to 6-MP for other reasons. The first appears to lack the enzyme system which converts certain purines, including 6-MP, to nucleotides, and it is thought that the nucleotide of 6-MP is the true inhibitor. The second has a greater ability to synthesize purines de novo and thus can better withstand the purine antagonist. These facts emphasize the multiple mechanisms which can lead to resistance.
IoT ethics challenges and legal issues

IoT systems have different technologies such as: RIFD, NFC, 3G, 4G, and Sensors. Their function is to transfer very large sensitive and private data. There are many ethical challenges that need to be taken into consideration by individuals and companies that use this technology. Amongst the challenges is the user awareness of attack risks. This paper discusses different ethical and legal challenges that need to be taken in account for IoT health care applications during the near future.