Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A relay race: intergenerational transmission of housing inequality in urban China

Abstract Housing affordability has become a critical challenge worldwide, consequently constraining young generation from entering the housing market. Despite growing attention to housing inequality in China, little research has been undertaken to reveal the extent to which a family of origin contributes to housing inequality among young adults. Family resources could support the young generation to achieve homeownership not only directly through intergenerational transfers of wealth, but also indirectly through intergenerational transmission of socioeconomic characteristics. Using the 2013 Fudan Yangtze River Delta Social Transformation Survey, this study constructs a structural equation model to examine the direct and indirect influence of parents’ resources on the young generation’s housing outcomes. The results show that the direct influence of parents’ homeownership is prominent, whereas the impact of transmitted socioeconomic status is limited. Housing advantages of parents, derived from their superior institutional status during China’s housing reforms, are being transmitted to their offspring, particularly to sons.
Is ECB Rocking the Boat? Unconventional Monetary Policy in the EMU and Volatility Spillovers to Poland

ABSTRACT The aim of the paper is to investigate volatility spillovers (i.e., spillovers in-variance) between the monetary policy stance of the European Central Bank and macro-financial variables in Poland. The monetary policy of the ECB is approximated by the shadow interest rate which takes into account various non-standard policy measures. We then perform event study regressions using several leading policy announcements and actions of the ECB. We find that volatility spillovers from the ECB’s unconventional policies to Poland were time-varying but modest for the entire period of 2008–2018. There is relatively scarce evidence on the structural changes in the dynamic conditional correlations for the POLONIA rate and EUR/PLN exchange rate. More pronounced volatility spillover effects are identified for the long-term interest rates after the first substantial reduction of interest rates in the EMU in 2008, and following the introduction of the negative interest rate policy in 2014. We find no significant evidence of spillovers associated directly with the implementation of more advanced unconventional tools, such as long-term refinancing operations or the Asset Purchase Programme.
Computerisation and Wage Dispersion: An Analytical Reinterpretation

August 1997 The United States has recently seen a dramatic rise in income inequality, all the more surprising because the long term trend had been toward equality. This paper examines one of the leading explanations; computerization in the workplace. I offer a theory of computers’ impact on white-collar work which goes far toward explaining the timing, form, and locus of recent labor market changes. The theory looks at the bureaucratic and organizational applications of computers that have been first, largest, and most influential. They have two effects on firms’ demand for labor at different skill levels. Computer decisionmaking has been a substitute for human decisionmaking over a limited range of tasks. Low- and middle-skill white collar work has been the most affected. Substitution of computers for high-skill workers has been quite limited. The rising demand for more highly skilled workers is driven by broad changes in the economics of the firm with many causes including computerization. While this theory is in agreement with many recent analyses pointing to computers, the specifics are quite different. Complementarities between computer use and individual workers’ skills are not an important component of change. This very different view of the mechanisms of skill biased technical change has new implications for understanding labor markets over the last 25 years, for the policy debate, and for predicting the future evolution of labor demand.
Service innovation capabilities as the precursor to business model innovation: a conditional process analysis

ABSTRACT Espousing a continuous innovation in existing business models is a necessity to sustain in present dynamic status quo of emerging mobile banking sector of Pakistan. Therefore, this research aims to empirically investigate the factors that affect the business model innovation among the key players of the mobile banking sector of Pakistan. In this regard, four research questions have been formulated. Research survey has been conducted from the 365 employees of mobile banking sector of Pakistan through a stratified sampling strategy. The collected data were analyzed using the regression-based process approach of Andrew Hayes [2017. Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford Press]. The results of the collected data revealed that the service innovation capabilities, innovation success and knowledge exploration serve as the antecedents of business model innovation among Pakistani mobile banking sector. The contribution of this research work is evident from the fact that no or negligible researches on the business model innovation have been carried earlier in the cultural context of Pakistan. Furthermore, this research work attempts to close some of the identified gaps in the literature.
What does constituent priming mean in the investigation of compound processing?

Most dictionary definitions for the term compound word characterize it as a word that itself contains two or more words. Thus, a compound word such as goldfish is composed of the constituent words gold and fish. In this report, we present evidence that compound words such as goldfish might not contain the words gold and fish, but rather positionally bound compound constituents (e.g., gold- and -fish) that are distinct and often in competition with their whole word counterparts. This conceptualization has significant methodological consequences: it calls into question the assumption that, in a traditional visual constituent priming paradigm, the participant can be said to be presented with constituents as primes. We claim that they are not presented with constituents. Rather, they are presented with competing free-standing words. We present evidence for the processing of Hebrew compound words that supports this perspective by revealing that, counter-intuitively, prime constituent frequency has an attenuating effect on constituent priming. We relate our findings to previous findings in the study of German compound processing to show that the effect that we report is fundamentally morphological rather than positional or visual in nature. In contrast to German in which compounds are always head-final morphologically, Hebrew compounds are always head initial. In addition, whereas German compounds are written as single words, Hebrew compounds are always written with spaces between constituents. Thus, the commonality of patterning across German and Hebrew is independent of visual form and constituent ordering, revealing, as we claim, core features of the constituent priming paradigm and compound processing.
Insights towards ifrs’ legitimation and institutionalisation based upon perceptions of statutory auditors: The Portuguese case

Drawing upon the experience of adoption of an International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)' based model by Portuguese non-financial unlisted companies in 2010, designated Sistema de Normalização Contabilística (SNC), this research sheds light on the potential of the IFRS model to conform to countries and jurisdictions whose accounting system is remarkably disparate as it was Portugal's. From a vantage point in 2017, seven years after the formal implementation of the IFRS-based model, sixteen detailed interviews with statutory auditors were carried out to explore their perceptions regarding dimensions of relevance and suitability of the new accounting model to the Portuguese setting, major difficulties and benefits brought about. Evidence were gathered suggesting a significant level of legitimation and institutionalisation of the IFRS-based model: (i) the perceived motivations for SNC adoption are a good fit with the theoretically acknowledged motivations underlying accounting convergence; (ii) two major innovations introduced in the Portuguese accounting system by the IFRS modelthe principle-based standards and the fair value, were largely perceived favourably; and (iii) in spite of criticisms concerning a set of in-country adaptations, SNC resembles the IFRS model at least close enough to have brought about a number of benefits that according to relevant literature would result from the application of such an accounting model: contextual benefits at the country and business levels, operational benefits, and benefits at the level of statutory auditors’ profession. Despite all these encouraging evidence towards the success of the adoption process of the IFRS model in Portugal, this was not exempt from its early difficulties or problems, with some of them still ongoing such as those related to fair value implementation and Notes preparation.
The image of training and development consultancy in South Africa

The objective of this research was to establish the current image of training and development consultancy in South Africa in relation to the ideal as perceived by their clients. In view of the critical shortage of high-level manpower it was considered important to establish whether this service sector is effectively assisting organizations in developing their management to the required skill levels. Based on a survey of the literature on previous image studies, the research methodology combined the measurement of image by using a structured questionnaire with unstructured, subjective comment to arrive at a conclusion. The Repertory Grid technique was used to generate constructs for the semantic differential scale used in the questionnaire. This questionnaire was administered to training/personnel officials of a sample of manufacturing companies in the PWV area The responses to the questionnaire were analysed by means of basic descriptive statistics, factor analysis and t tests. Certain image dimensions were highlighted, and the results showed that numerous discrepancies existed between the image of training and development consultants and the perceived ideal. It was concluded that in order to effectively assist in alleviating the shortage of high-level manpower, training and development consultants should strive towards improving their analysis of problems, the correct identification of training needs and the customization of the training programmes to match specific South African corporate and cultural needs.
Labour Market Adjustment, Social Spending and the Automatic Stabilizers in the OECD

The macroeconomic literature on automatic stabilization tends to focus on taxes and dismiss the relevance of government expenditure, aside from unemployment compensation. Our results go sharply contrary to this view. We engage in an empirical analysis of 20 OECD countries from 1980-2001 and find that age- and health-related social expenditure as well as incapacity benefits all react to the cycle in a stabilizing manner. While possibly new in the macro literature, this conforms to many results in studies of labour and health. Moreover, when the focus is on the ratio of the net surplus to output, automatic stabilization comes essentially from the spending side. Taxes contribute nothing at all.
De la dose à l'effet clinique : utilisation de la modélisation dans les différentes étapes du processus de prédiction du critère clinique : Exemple avec un nouveau médicament en prévention secondaire de la morbidité-mortalité cardiovasculaire

Les donnees epidemiologiques montrent une association inverse entre les taux de HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) et le risque d'evenements cardiovasculaires. Des traitements ayant montre une augmentation significative du HDL-C, comme les inhibiteurs de la proteine de transfert des esters de cholesterol, devraient donc permettre de reduire le risque cardio-vasculaire. En utilisant differentes techniques de modelisation, nous avons tente de quantifier l'efficacite attendue sur les evenements cardiovasculaires de l'un d'entre eux, le dalcetrapib, ne disposant que de donnees pharmacocinetiques et pharmacodynamiques. Tout d’abord, afin d'etablir la relation pharmacocinetique / pharmacodynamique entre les concentrations et la modification de HDL-C, nous avons analyse les donnees individuelles des patients dyslipidemiques par une approche de population. Une hausse moyenne de HDL-C de 26.4 % par rapport au placebo etait alors anticipee. Nous avons ensuite tente de correler l'effet observe sur l'HDL-C et l'effet clinique a partir de donnees d'autres etudes par meta-regression des essais evaluant l'effet des principaux hypolipemiants en prevention secondaire. Cette modelisation n'a pas permis de montrer de correlation entre le changement de l’HDL-C (P5 P95 :-3.0 et 36 %) et la reduction du risque cardiovasculaire. Une analyse de sensibilite par type de traitement suggere qu'une meme hausse de HDL-C entre deux classes therapeutiques pourrait se traduire par un effet clinique dissemblable, indiquant que HDL-C ne peut pas etre utilise comme critere intermediaire puisqu'il ne serait pas un predicteur independant du risque cardiovasculaire
Naturalization and Social Capital Investment- Evidence from 32 European Countries

In times of increased migration, knowledge about how to best integrate migrants is crucial. In this paper, we investigate whether citizenship can facilitate integration by increasing investment into social capital. The question is of interest as social cohesion and social capital investment are key determinants of economic growth. Using data from the European Social Survey, we investigate the relationship between citizenship and several social capital investment measures with a Linear Probability model, a Two-stage Least Squares and a Bivariate Probit model. For exogenous variation in citizenship, we create an instrument based on variation in whether the country of origin allows their migrants to acquire dual citizenship. The results are mixed. In the naive linear model we find a positive relationship, but the results are not robust to instrumental variable models that deal with selection into citizenship. Policy makers should not put too much faith in potential positive effects of naturalization on social integration. Supervisor: Ariel Phil Master’s thesis in Economics, 30 HECs. Graduate School, School of Business, Economics and Law, University of Gothenburg.
Hybridity in the housing sector: examining impacts on social and private rented sector tenants in Scotland

Abstract Housing Associations in many countries exhibit increasing levels of ‘hybridity’, as reductions in state financing for social housing, exacerbated by austerity policies since the 2008 crash, have instigated ‘enterprising’ approaches to maintaining income. Alongside this, hybrid organisations have emerged in the Private Rented Sector (PRS), responding to sectoral growth and consequent increases in vulnerable households entering private renting. These developing hybridities have been considered at a strategic level, but there has been little exploration of the impacts on tenants. This article examines two organisations, operating across the social and private rented sectors, to elucidate potential implications for tenants. The research suggests that different forms of hybridity can affect tenant outcomes and, moreover, that examining such impacts is important in understanding hybridity itself. Furthermore, the study suggests that emerging forms of hybridity, particularly in the PRS, may be blurring the boundaries between housing sectors, with implications for policy and research.
Arthritis and exercise.

: Exercise is medicine. It promotes health and can be instrumental in the treatment of chronic disease. Current knowledge suggests that exercise carried out within the limits of normal joint motion and comfort does not predispose to osteoarthritis. In fact, normal repetitive loading to a joint is essential for its physiologic function. Sports that subject joints to intermittent high or violent impact loads may increase the risk of subsequent osteoarthritis, but well-designed studies are lacking and this association is at best speculative. There is clear evidence, however, that joints with preexisting injury, particularly if there is biomechanical alteration, are at increased risk of developing osteoarthritis with repetitive loading. Finally, patients with arthritis can derive a number of benefits from a thoughtful and closely monitored exercise program.
Expression of SLC transporters in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia cells and their interaction with cytostatics

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia, CLL, is one of the most common forms of leukaemia in the elderly. The treatment regimen determines the outcome of patients with CLL and the efficiency of this treatment is modulated by the concentration of cancer treating drugs in cancer cells. Uptake transporters of the SLC (solute carrier) family can help overcome chemoresistance by the application of transporter-specific cytostatics. In the present study, we investigated the expression of SLC transporters in six lymphoma cell lines and in CLL patient samples. Five of the six cell lines tested, as well as samples from CLL patients demonstrated a higher expression of SLC22A1 (OCT1) than in healthy lymphocytes. The uptake of the organic cation [3H]MPP into OCT1 stably transfected CHO cells was significantly inhibited by irinotecan, mitoxantrone and paclitaxel. The Ki values as determined using Dixon plot analyses were 1.71
Municipal Mergers and Capitalization: Evaluating the Heisei Territorial Reform in Japan

Based on the theory of land price capitalization, we evaluate the effects of municipal mergers by exploiting extensive municipal mergers in the Heisei territorial reform and dataset of land prices compiled by the Japanese government. We allow the effects of municipal mergers to vary over timeâ€”both ex-ante (as anticipation effects) and ex-post (as realized effects). Through a series of estimation, we find a robust pattern of the effect of municipal mergers. The ex-ante or anticipation effect gradually grows to culminate in the year just before the actual amalgamation. Once the merger is realized, the ex-post effect, starting with a smaller effect than the maximal anticipation effect in the previous year, gradually declines toward zero. This result then implies that the Heisei territorial reform yielded only temporal benefits that dissipated in the long run.
Robust Power System State Estimation Using t-Distribution Noise Model

In this paper, we propose an optimal robust state estimator using maximum likelihood optimization with the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$t$</tex-math></inline-formula>-distribution noise model. In robust statistics literature, the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$t$</tex-math></inline-formula>-distribution is used to model Gaussian and non-Gaussian statistics. The influence function, an analytical tool in robust statistics, is employed to obtain the solution to the resulting maximum likelihood estimation optimization problem, so that the proposed estimator can be implemented within the framework of traditional robust estimators. Numerical results obtained from simulations of the IEEE 14-bus system, IEEE 118-bus system, and experiment on a microgrid demonstrated the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed estimator. The proposed estimator could suppress the influence of outliers with smaller average mean-squared errors (AMSE) than the traditional robust estimators, such as quadratic–linear, square-root, Schweppe–Huber generalized-M, multiple-segment, and least absolute value estimators. A new approximate AMSE formula is also derived for the proposed estimator to predict and evaluate its precision.
Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Under Double Threshold With Censoring and Hybrid Spectrum Access Schemes in Cognitive Radio Network

The spectrum sensing performance in cooperative cognitive radio (CR) network is studied under a double threshold (DTH)-based detection with censoring of CRs, and thereafter, the study is extended for a hybrid spectrum access scheme in presence of Rayleigh faded sensing (S) and reporting (R) channels. In spectrum sensing, a CR employs an energy detection to detect the presence of primary user (PU) and compares the received energy statistics with the DTH. The CRs with energy statistics lying in fuzzy zone are not allowed to send their sensing information to the fusion centre (FC). Further, the qualified CRs are censored (rank-based and threshold-based censoring) to report their decisions based on quality of R-channel. The incorporation of DTH-based sensing and censoring of CRs not only improves the detection performance but also reduces the transmission overhead. In spectrum access, two hybrid spectrum access schemes, namely conventional hybrid spectrum access scheme (CHSAS) and a modified hybrid spectrum access scheme (MHSAS) are studied and compared.
Interdepartmental conflict in large enterprises in South Africa: A survey

Managerial literature has always tended to underrate the significance of the horizontal or lateral dimension of organizations. The rationale for this paper is the increasing importance of lateral interdepartmental relationships as business enterprises increase in size and complexity. The aim of this investigation is to determine the extent to which interdepartmental conflict prevails, and the nature of the causes thereof, in large enterprises in South Africa. The investigation was conducted by means of a mail survey of manufacturing enterprises with in excess of 300 employees. A questionnaire composed of 24 multiple-choice items was sent to 900 manufacturing enterprises. A total of 282 usable responses was obtained. Responses indicate that enterprises in the sample generally experience moderate to high levels of interdepartmental conflict. The results indicate that the level of interdepartmental conflict does not differ statistically with respect to size of enterprise, geographic location or the nature of the responding department. The breakdown of responses suggests that production and marketing departments play a dominant role in the interdepartmental scenario, with finance and personnel taking a secondary role.
Design centrality, design investments and innovation performance: an empirical analysis of European firms

This article provides new evidence on the relationship between design and innovation performance at the firm level. In particular, we integrate previous analyses of the link between design investments and innovation by considering the extent to which firms put design at the center of their business activities. Moreover, we distinguish between the effect of design on innovation and its effect on the success of innovation, as captured by firms’ innovative turnover. The use of the European Innobarometer survey, covering a unique set of questions on the topic, allows us to test a set of hypotheses about these relationships on a large sample of firms. The results show that a firm’s approach to design plays an important role in its propensity to innovate: the more central the role of design within a firm, the higher the likelihood it innovates. The same holds true when considering the share of turnover from innovation. However, sales associated with innovation do not increase linearly with design investments, as we find a positive effect only for firms investing intensively in design. Overall it emerges that the centrality of design is strongly associated with firms’ innovation performance, while design investment per se has a more nuanced role.