Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interfacing Boron Doped Diamond and Biology: An Insight on Its Use for Bioanalytical Applications

Boron doped diamond (BDD) films are promising materials for electroanalysis and bioelectroanalysis. This contribution gives a short review on BDD functionalization by chemical and biochemical entities and on the applications of BDD electrodes to electroanalysis of chemical compounds of biological interest. This review is illustrated by the developments on BDD interfaces in both these areas carried out in our group. BDD electrodes were prepared by means of microwave plasma-assisted CVD onto silicon substrate giving rise to H-terminated BDD films. Anodic polarization of BDD electrodes in aqueous media generates hydrophilic oxidized surfaces and extended electrochemical window in aqueous media. We took advantage of this enlarged electrochemical window together with the hydroxylated surface for the functionalization of BDD electrode surfaces with biomolecules and for bioelectroanalysis. We have designed a novel route of BDD functionalization using OH terminations of the anodized surface. The modification of the BDD surface with biotin groups will be presented here as biologically active model. Furthermore, as the anodic potential window of BDD increases upon electrochemical activation, 2′-deoxyguanosine (1.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl) and 2′-deoxyadenosine (1.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl) could be detected electrochemically with an acceptable signal to noise ratio. The electrochemical signature of each oxidizable base was assessed using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). These experiments pointed towards adsorption of the oxidized products, which were investigated macroscopically by DPV and at the microscopic level by SECM (scanning electrochemical microscopy).
Symbiotic relationship between filamentous algae (Halomicronema sp.) and extracellular polymeric substance-producing algae (Chlamydomonas sp.) through biomimetic simulation of natural algal mats

To lower the cost of biomass harvesting, the growth of natural biofilm is considered to be an optimal alternative to microalgae aggregation. This study investigated algal mats that naturally agglomerate into a lump and float on water surfaces. Halomicronema sp. , a filamentous cyanobacterium with high cell aggregation and adhesion to substrates, and Chlamydomonas sp. , which grows rapidly and produces high extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in certain environments, are the main microalgae that make up selected mats through next-generation sequencing analysis. These two species play a major role in the formation of solid mats, and showed a symbiotic relationship as the medium and nutritional source, particularly owing to the large amount of EPS formed by the reaction between EPS and calcium ions through zeta potential and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. This led to the formation of an ecological biomimetic algal mat (BAM) that mimics the natural algal mat system, and this is a way to reduce costs in the biomass production process as there is no separate treatment process for harvesting.
Novel photovoltaic donor 1–acceptor–donor 2–acceptor terpolymers with tunable energy levels based on a difluorinated benzothiadiazole acceptor

A novel donor 1–acceptor–donor 2–acceptor (D1–A–D2–A) type terpolymer PBDT-DTffBT-F-DTffBT was prepared to further tune the energy levels of donor–acceptor (D–A) type copolymer PBDT-DTffBT and PF-DTffBT, and the corresponding optoelectronic properties have been investigated. By incorporating the weak donor fluorene unit into the backbone of PBDT-DTffBT, the PBDT-DTffBT-F-DTffBT exhibits a lower HOMO level and higher LUMO level compared with PBDT-DTffBT as expected. The polymer solar cell (PSC) based on PBDT-DTffBT-F-DTffBT affords the improved PCE with a higher Voc of 0.853 V compared to the D–A copolymer PBDT-DTffBT and PF-DTffBT. Therefore, through carefully choosing the suitable donor group, the class of D1–A–D2–A type copolymers would be a promising organic semiconducting material.
Dynamics of Intracellular Nano-Transport by Kinesins

Dynamics of Intracellular Nano-Transport by Kinesins Wooc hul Nam Chair: Bogdan I. Epureanu Transport in neurons is realized by motor protei ns (kinesins) which walk along intracellular tracks. In this dissertation, a new physicsba ed mathematical model of kinesin is developed to capture the long range transport. Heal thy mechanical transport is necessary for neurons to maintain their normal functions. D egradation of this transport is believed to result in neurodegenerative diseases such as Al zheimer’s disease. One possible cause for the degradation is the presence of molecules bo und on the intracellular tracks which can interfere with the motion of kinesin. Hence, a qual itative and quantitative study about the effects of obstacles on the intracellular transpo rt is performed using the new model. To address the limitations of previous models which are esta bli hed fromin vitro experiments, the newly developed model considers various motion s of kinesins in cells; walking on the track, unbinding from the track, thermally fluctuatin g motion (when they are not bound on the track), and binding again to the track. The effec ts of viscoelasticity of the fluid where the transport takes place are incorporated into t he model with the generalized Langevin equation to consider the effect of polymers in intr acellular fluids. The collective transport (where several kinesins transport a cargo togeth er) is considered with the new model also. The characteristics of this collective transpo rt are captured with the metrics proposed in this study. Also, the binding of obstacles such a s tau proteins on the track are considered by using the chemical kinetics between tau pr oteins and the tracks. The
Adherence/Diffusion Barrier Layers for Copper Metallization: Amorphous Carbon:Silicon Polymerized Films

Semiconductor circuitry feature miniaturization continues in response to Moore 's Law pushing the limits of aluminum and forcing the transition to Cu due to its lower resistivity and electromigration. Copper diffuses into silicon dioxide under thermal and electrical stresses, requiring the use of barriers to inhibit diffusion, adding to the insulator thickness and delay time, or replacement of SiO2 with new insulator materials that can inhibit diffusion while enabling Cu wetting. This study proposes modified amorphous silicon carbon hydrogen (a-Si:C:H) films as possible diffusion barriers and replacements for SiO2 between metal levels, interlevel dielectric (ILD), or between metal lines (IMD), based upon the diffusion inhibition of previous a-Si:C:H species expected lower dielectric constants, acceptable thermal conductivity. Vinyltrimethylsilane (VTMS) precursor was condensed on a titanium substrate at 90 K and bombarded with electron beams to induce crosslinking and form polymerized a-Si:C:H films. Modifications of the films with hydroxyl and nitrogen was accomplished by dosing the condensed VTMS with water or ammonia before electron bombardment producing a-Si:C:H/OH and a-Si:C:H/N and a-Si:C:H/OH/N polymerized films in expectation of developing films that would inhibit copper diffusion and promote Cu adherence, wetting, on the film surface. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy was used to characterize Cu metallization of these a-Si:C:H films. XPS revealed substantial Cu wetting of a-Si:C:H/OH and a-Si:C:H/OH/N films and some wetting of a-Si:C:H/N films, and similar Cu diffusion inhibition to 800 K by all of the a-:S:C:H films. These findings suggest the possible use of a-Si:C:H films as ILD and IMD materials, with the possibility of further tailoring a-Si:C:H films to meet future device requirements.
A Review of the Use of Chitosan for the Removal of Particulate and Dissolved Contaminants

Abstract Chitosan has unique properties among biopolymers, especially due to the presence of primary amino groups. Chitosan has been used for the chelation of metal ions in near‐neutral solution, the complexation of anions in acidic solution (cationic properties due to amine protonation), the coagulation of negatively charged contaminants under acidic conditions, and for precipitative flocculation at pH above the pKa of chitosan. The coagulation and flocculation properties can be used to treat particulate suspensions (organic or inorganic) and also to treat dissolved organic materials (including dyes and humic acid). This paper will give an overview of the principal results obtained in the treatment of various suspensions and solutions: (a) bentonite suspensions; (b) organic suspensions; (c) anionic dye solutions; and (d) humic acid solutions. Stoichiometry and charge restabilization were determined for the coagulation of humic acid, kaolin, and organic dyes with chitosan, indicating charge neutralization as the dominant mechanism for removal. Charge patch destabilization and bridging mechanisms were inferred in other cases, based on the effects of the apparent molecular weight of the chitosan preparations and effectiveness of sub‐stoichiometric doses of chitosan. For dye solutions, results showed that color can be removed either by sorption onto solid‐state chitosan or by coagulation‐flocculation using dissolved‐state chitosan; the reactivity of amine groups was significantly increased when dissolved chitosan was used. For humic materials, chitosan can be used as a primary coagulant or as a flocculant after coagulation with alum or other inexpensive coagulants. The influence of the degree of deacetylation and the molecular weight of chitosan on its performance as coagulant/flocculant is illustrated by several examples.
Catalytic Partial Oxidation Reforming of JP8 and S8

Abstract : Catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reforming experiments were performed using a 10 kW Aspen Products Group, Inc. fuel processing prototype utilizing military logistic fuels JP8 and S8. S8 is a sulfur-free Fisher-Tropsch fuel, while JP8 is a multi-fuel blend, which could impact reforming efficiency, product distribution and byproduct production. Sulfur contained within the JP8 will adversely affect the product distribution; therefore, desulfurization beds, capable of removing up to 1000 ppm sulfur, were incorporated into the system. The catalyst used in the prototype is noble metal dispersed on cordierite monolith. The goal of this experiment was to evaluate the efficiency and product distribution of the prototype fuel processor through application of several potential military fuels. These results are compared with computational models (Stanjan) to determine if CPOX reactions can be appropriately modeled. JP8 with 700 ppm of sulfur had the highest efficiency of 84.62% followed by JP8 with 400 ppm of sulfur at 84.37% and S8 at 84.37%.
Isolation and Characterization of an Unknown Flavonoid in Dry Extracts from Passiflora incarnata

Abstract HPLC analyses of dry extracts obtained from Passiflora incarnata revealed the presence of ten known flavonoids whose structures were characterised by ionspray ioni-zation tandem mass spectrometry; in addition, three unidentified peaks, F1, F2, and F3 appeared in the flavonoid region of the chromatogram. Two components were detected in F3 by on-line HPLC-ISI-MS analysis, named F3a and F3b. F2 was demonstrated to be a structural isomer of schaftoside (1), and F3a of isoschaftoside (2), with apigenin as the common aglycone and molecular weight 564. Mass spectra and 2D-NMR experiments allowed us to assign the structure of 6-β-D-glucopyranosyl-8-β-D-ribopyranosyl apigenin to the new di-C-glycosylflavonoid F2.
Interdiffusions and Reactions in Cu/TiN/Ti/Thermal SiO2 and Cu/TiN/Ti/Hydrogen Silsesquioxane Multilayer Structures

Interdiffusion and thermal reactions in the Cu/TiN/Ti/thermal SiO2 and Cu/TiN/Ti/hydrogen silsesquioxane ~HSQ! multilayer structures on silicon wafers, as-deposited and after annealing in vacuum at 400-800°C, have been investigated by using sheet resistance measurement, scanning electron microscopy, glancing incident angle X-ray diffraction ~GIAXRD! , and Auger electron spectroscopy. The sheet resistance values of both systems decreased after annealing up to 600°C and began to increase after annealing at 700°C. The decrease in sheet resistance occurred in conjunction with grain growth of the copper films, while the increase of sheet resistance was related with oxygen incorporation into the TiN-Ti layers. After annealing at 800°C, the surfaces of both systems consisted of Cu-color area and gray dots. Microvoids were seen on the Cu-color areas of both systems. Both microvoids and gray dots existed in greater number and larger sizes for the HSQ sample, and GIAXRD revealed the existence of Cu3Si phase in the 800°C annealed HSQ sample. The interdiffusion and reaction characteristics of the two multilayer structures upon vacuum annealing are discussed.
Ultrafiltration in renal glomerular capillaries : theoretical effects of ultrastructure

We developed hydrodynamic models for transport of water and macromolecules across the glomerular capillary wall, based on the ultrastructure of its constituent layers. Models were developed for the endothelial fenestrae, basement membrane and epithelial filtration slits with slit diaphragms. The input data included the dimensions of the various structures from previous electron microscopy studies, and the hydraulic permeability recently measured for isolated basement membrane in vitro. The model for hindered transport of macromolecules focused on the slit diaphragms and basement membrane. As a model for flow through the slit diaphragms which connect the epithelial foot processes, we obtained finite element solutions of Stokes' equations for flow perpendicular to a single row of cylinders confined between parallel walls. We computed a dimensionless "additional resistance" (f), defined as the increment in resistance above the Poiseuille flow value, for LIW < 4 and 0.1 < RIL < 0.9, where L is half the distance between cylinder centers, W is half the distance between walls and R is the cylinder radius. Two factors contributed to f: the drag on the cylinders, and the incremental shear stresses on the walls of the channel. Of these two factors, the drag on the cylinders tended to be dominant. We also analyzed another representation of the slit diaphragm suggested in the literature, which consists of a central filament, parallel to the surfaces of the foot processes and connected to the foot processes by alternating crossbridges on either side. We computed velocity and pressure profiles within the endothelial fenestrae and the basement membrane, and calculated the hydraulic permeability of these structures. These results were combined with those for the epithelial slits and the resulting values of the overall hydraulic permeability of the capillary wall (k) agreed very well with an experimental range derived from micropuncture measurements in normal rats. Furthermore, the model provided estimates of the relative contribution of each layer to the total water flow resistance. The hydraulic resistance of the endothelium was predicted to be small, while the basement membrane and epithelial slits were each found to contribute roughly half of the total water flow resistance. When applied to a study of
Zum thermischen unimolekularen Zerfall von Methanol

The thermal unimolecular decomposition of methanol was investigated behind reflected shock waves in the temperature range 1600 to 2100 K, using argon as a diluent and monitoring CH3- and OH-absorption signals. —Methanol decomposes in the main channel according to The reaction takes place in the fall off region when total densities are varied from 1.1 · 10-6 to 5.6·10−6 5.6·10-5 mol/cm3. Using the theory of unimolecular reactions the rate constants in the high pressure limit and in the low pressure limit could be obtained. A computer simulation of the decomposition of methanol and the consecutive reactions was carried out.
World‐record Cu(In,Ga)Se2‐based thin‐film sub‐module with 17.4% efficiency

We report a new certified world‐record efficiency for thin‐film Cu(In,Ga)Se2‐based photovoltaic sub‐modules of 17.4% (aperture area). The record efficiency of the 16 cm2, monolithically integrated, sub‐module has been independently confirmed by Fraunhofer ISE. The record device is the result of extensive co‐optimization of all processing steps. During the optimization process, strong focus has been put on the scalability of processes to cost‐effective mass production, as reflected, for example, in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 deposition time and substrate temperature. Device manufacturing as well as results of electrical and material characterization is discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of total phenolics in different parts of Pluchea indica (Less) ethanolic and water extracts.

One of the compounds present in Pluchea indica extracts is antioxidant which plays an important role in inhibiting free radicals and thus protects humans against infections and degenerative diseases, such as cancer, arthritis, and ageing process. The main objective of this study was to investigate and determine the total phenolic compounds of Pluchea indica in different concentrations of ethanolic extracts. This species was chosen because of its high phytonutrient compounds with potential medicinal properties. There was a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) in the total phenolic among the different parts of the tested plant. 50% of the ethanolic extract produced the highest total phenolic compounds (1775.00±86.00 to 658.95±5.00 µmol/g), followed by water extract (759.79±1.53 µmol/g) and 100% ethanol extract (352.72±22.30 to 249.29±5.37 µmol/g), respectively. In terms of the plant parts, the leaves contained the highest phenolic compounds (1775.00±86.00 µmol/g in 50% ethanol extract, 759.79±1.53 µmol/g in 100% aqueous extract and 352.72±22.30 µmol/g in 100% ethanol extract), followed by the stems (990.22±24.00 µmol/g in 50% ethanol extract, 990.22±24.59 µmol/g in 100% aqueous extract and 293.48±0.00 µmol/g in 100% ethanol extract). Meanwhile, lower total phenolic compounds were detected in the flowers (727.71±11.00 µmol/g in 50% ethanol extract, 603.81±8.46 µmol/g in 100% aqueous extract and 249.29±5.37 µmol/g in 100% ethanol extract) and roots (658.95±5.00 µmol/g in 50% ethanol extract, 450.00±10.76 µmol/g in 100% aqueous extract and 272.28±0.53 µmol/g in 100% ethanol extract). Based on these findings, Pluchea indica has potential medicinal properties that can be further developed to produce neutraceutical products, diet supplements or cosmetic products. However, further research should first be conducted on the effects of these compounds on laboratory animals.
ANTIDIABETIC AND HYPOLIPIDEMIC EFFECTS OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF VENTILAGO MADERASPATANA IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

This study evaluated methanolic extract of Ventilago maderaspatana (MVM) on reducing hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in streptozotocin -induced diabetic rats. MVM was orally administered once a day after 3 days of streptozotocin -induction at 100,200 and 400 mg/kg for 45 day and the results showed that serum fasting blood glucose, glucose – 6 – phosphotase , fructose 1, 6 –phosphotase in hepatic tissues ,total cholesterol,, free fatty acids and triglyceride in serum, HbA1c in blood levels were significantly decreased, whereas haemoglobulin in blood and serum high density lipoprotein, glucokinase, glucose – 6 – Phosphate dehydrogenase in hepatic tissues and liver and muscle glycogen level were increased. The dosage of 400 mg/kg is more effective than that of 100, 200 mg/kg. These results suggest that the MVM possesses antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects in streptozotocin -induced diabetic rats. Key words: Ventilago maderaspatana ,antihyperlipidemic ,antihyperglycemic and streptozotocin
PAPARAN EKSTRAK TERIPANG PASIR (Holothuria scabra) TERHADAP GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI HATI MENCIT (Mus musculus)

Background: In Indonesia, traditionally sea cucumber (Holothuria scabra) is often used as a cure gout. The purpose of the research is to determine the effects of sea cucumber (Holothuria scabra) extracts against liver histopathology picture mice (Mus musculus). Method: Mice used were male mice as much as 15 tails and were divided into 5 groups. Each group consisted of three mice. Group I as a positive control given allopurino l0.1%. The second group was given distilled water as a negative control. Group III, IV and V as the treatment group was given sea cucumber extract with each concentration of 5%, a concentration of 10% and 15% concentration. Result: The results were analyzed quantitatively, showed that the administration of potassium bromate showed the presence of fatty and necrosis. But after being given a sea cucumber extract with a concentration of 10% and a concentration of 15% still showed the presence of inflammatory cells and remnants of fatty liver (same as the picture of liver histopathology in the positive control). At a concentration of 5% normal liver histopathology same as the picture of liver histopathology in the negative control. Conclution: Sea cucumbers with a concentration of 5% can be used as a gout medicine without any side effects for conditions onal liver function.
Untersuchungen zu Wechselwirkungen zwischen flexiblen kationischen Lipidvesikeln und DNS sowie in vitro und in vivo Eigenschaften der daraus hergestellten Komplexe

Ziel der Arbeit war es, flexible kationische Lipidvesikel zu entwickeln, die fur den transdermalen Transport von DNS geeignet ist. Um positiv geladene Lipidvesikel herzustellen, wurde in einem Ansatz SPC und CTAB verwendet, in einem anderen SPC, Polysorbat und DC-Chol. Nach der Herstellung dieser beiden Formulierungen fand eine in vitro und eine in vivo Untersuchung der beiden Tragersysteme sowie deren Wechselwirkung mit DNS statt. Dabei ergab sich, das die DNS-Adsorption an die polysorbat-freien Vesikel grundlegend anders erfolgt als an die polysorbat-haltigen Vesikel. Die Flexibilitat der beiden Formulierungen nahm durch die Beladung mit DNS deutlich ab, der Durchmesser der DNS-haltigen Vesikel im Vergleich zu den DNS-freien For-mulie-rungen zu. Beide Eigenschaften anderten sich bei den gewahlten Formulierungen jedoch in unterschiedlichem Ausmas. Grundsatzlich waren die polysorbathaltigen Formulierungen in der sich anschliesenden in vitro Charakterisierung fahig, Zellen zu transfizieren, wenn auch nicht sehr effizient. Zur Uberprufung des in vivo Verhaltens der mit DNS beladenen Polysorbat-DC-Chol – Vesikel wurden die Vesikel schlieslich mit einem Fluoreszenzfarbstoff markiert, die DNS mit einem weiteren Farbstoff; die verwendete DNS codierte ebenfalls fur einen Fluoreszenzfarbstoff. Die so markierten Formulierungen wurden NMRI – Mausen intra- bzw. epicutan appliziert; einige Zeit spater wurden Biopsien der behandelten Hautareale entnommen und mittels CLSM untersucht. Dabei waren DNS und kationische Vesikel bis in eine gewisse Hauttiefe nachweisbar, wobei sich unbeladene und mit DNS beladene Vesikel nicht signifikant in der Penetrationstiefe unterschieden. Eine Transfektion der Hautzellen wurde bislang jedoch nicht beobachtet. Zusammenfassend ist zu sagen, das die Anwesenheit von Polysorbat in der Membran nicht nur fur die Flexibilitat der Vesikel zwingend notwendig ist, sondern v.a. fur die Stabilitat der Vesikel nach der Anlagerung von DNS. Da die Flexibilitat des Tragersystems durch Anlagerung der DNS deutlich abnimmt, ist es fur weitere Ansatze wohl notwendig, den unbeladenen Vesikel eine extrem hohe Flexibilitat zu verleihen, um selbst nach der Bindung der DNS an diese Trager noch eine ausreichende Flexibilitat fur die Permeation durch die Haut zu erhalten.