Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Filling Irregular Warfare’s Interagency Gaps

Abstract : The interagency process is failing in the execution of irregular warfare. Most proposed solutions to this major problem emphasize increasingly complex bureaucratic coordinating mechanisms, increased capacity within agencies ill-suited to the required tasks, or unrealistic calls for intensified senior leader attention and centralized oversight. These solutions also rest upon faulty assumptions that make them unlikely to succeed, given the realities of the key agencies' existing organizational cultures, expertise, resources, and core defining tasks. Likewise, history discounts the "hope" that merely creating more venues for interagency dialogue will generate consensus or effective integration. Instead, any feasible and effective solution must include: (1) providing agencies clear, task-driven strategic-level statements of intent, responsibility, and authority; (2) enabling key agencies to develop relevant expertise at all levels; (3) giving agencies operational control over other-agency personnel to realize true unity of vision and effort; (4) integrating other-agency personnel throughout all combatant commands; and (5) creating interagency service career incentives. Overcoming likely political and practical obstacles will require creating an additional functional combatant command, a Humanitarian Assistance and Development Command, to be led by State or USAID.
Real-time scheduling of tasks that contain the external blocking intervals

Distributed systems, where the processes send and receive their messages remotely, are generally based on the message communications. The execution of a process is blocked until the process receives a response from an other process for a requested message. In this paper, we propose two real-time scheduling methods for the tasks with blocking intervals. It is proven that every task set that is schedulable by Ming's method is also schedulable by one of the proposed methods. Also, the simulation shows that the schedulable ratios of task sets by the proposed methods are much higher than that obtained by Ming's method.
Spontaneous Limbic Seizures after Intrahippocampal Infusion of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor

The results of several studies have contributed to the hypothesis that BDNF promotes seizure activity, particularly in adult hippocampus. To test this hypothesis, BDNF, vehicle (phosphate-buffered saline, PBS), or albumin was infused directly into the hippocampus for 2 weeks using osmotic minipumps. Rats were examined behaviorally, electrophysiologically, and anatomically. An additional group was tested for sensitivity to the convulsant pilocarpine. Spontaneous behavioral seizures were observed in BDNF-infused rats (8/32; 25%) but not in controls (0/20; 0%). In a subset of six animals (three BDNF, three albumin), blind electrophysiological analysis of scalp recordings contralateral to the infused hippocampus demonstrated abnormalities in all BDNF rats; but not controls. Neuronal loss in BDNF-treated rats was not detected relative to PBS- or albumin-treated animals, but immunocytochemical markers showed a pattern of expression in BDNF-treated rats that was similar to rats with experimentally induced seizures. Thus, BDNF-infused rats had increased expression of NPY in hilar neurons of the dentate gyrus relative to control rats. NPY and BDNF expression was increased in the mossy fiber axons of dentate gyrus granule cells relative to controls. The increase in NPY and BDNF expression in BDNF-treated rats was bilateral and occurred throughout the septotemporal axis of the hippocampus. Mossy fiber sprouting occurred in five BDNF-treated rats but no controls. In another group of infused rats that was tested for seizure sensitivity to the convulsant pilocarpine, BDNF-infused rats had a shorter latency to status epilepticus than PBS-infused rats. In addition, the progression from normal behavior to severe seizures was faster in BDNF-treated rats. These data support the hypothesis that intrahippocampal BDNF infusion can facilitate, and potentially initiate, seizure activity in adult hippocampus.
[Effects of overdosed fluoride on rat's incisor expression of matrixmetalloproteinase-20 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-2].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of overdosed fluoride on the expression of MMP-20 and TIMP-2 in rat incisor. METHODS 20 Wistar rats were randomly divided into experiment group and control group. The distilled water was given in control group. 100 mg/L fluoride- was given in experiment group. After 8 weeks treatment, the rats were killed. Immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the expression of MMP-20 and TIMP-2 in rat incisors. RESULTS Immunohistochemical results demonstrated the presence of MMP-20 and TIMP-2 protein in ameloblasts, odontoblasts, stratum intermedium and the stellate reticulum of rat incisor. The imagination analysis results showed that the expression of MMP-20 was reduesed in experiment group (P<0.01), and the expression of TIMP-2 had no significant difference (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The overdosed fluoride inhibits the secretion of MMP-20 and leads to the disturbed balance between MMP-20, TIMP-2 in rat incisor, which leads to the delay of the amelogenin removal and the enamel demineralization.
Contiguous and Non-Contiguous Processor Allocation Algorithms for kappa-cubes

A lunch box incorporates a radio which is positioned on a side surface and held in position by means of a flexible bracket. A side surface has a plurality of apertures for transmitting sound propagating from the radio. The front surface intermediate with the side surface has an aperture to enable a user to access control knobs positioned on the side surface of the receiver. A further aperture is covered by a clear plastic to enable a user to view the station to which the radio is tuned. The radio is retained within the lunch box by means of the above noted bracket which is lined with an insulating foam to protect the radio from the items which may be carried within the lunch box.
RoboCup Rescue 2016 Team Description Paper BART LAB Rescue Robotics Team ( Thailand )

BART LAB Rescue Robotics Team is from Thailand, has been participating in RoboCup both Regional and World RoboCup since 2006. BART LAB has won several awards from RoboCup, e.g., 2nd Prize from World RoboCup 2009, 3rd Prize from World RoboCup 2014, 1st Prize from RoboCup Japan Open in 2010 and 2011, 1st Prize from Thailand Rescue Robot Championship (Thai Open) in 2009. The team has also received acclaim during its participation in various international events. The team consists of two robots; one tele-operative robots and one autonomous robot with high mobility and completed navigation and vital sign sensing system. Their highly mobile attribute is a result of the four independently controlled flippers of the robots. The tele-operative robot is controlled using a controller while the autonomous robot navigates itself through the arena using a laser-scanner. The robots have similar physical structures and systems. The system used for mapping is SLAM whereas the one used for locomotion is the fuzzy logic algorithm. On the other hand, the physical structures consist of a platform and manipulator, where the manipulator contains the sensors required for victim detection. The main goal of our research and development team is to produce reliable rescue robots to employ in a real disaster situation around the world.
Terahertz conductivity of thin gold films at the metal-insulator percolation transition

Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy is used to measure the complex conductivity of nanometer-thick gold films evaporated on silicon substrates in the far-infrared spectral region from $0.2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}2.7\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{THz}$. With increasing film thickness a characteristic crossover from an insulating to a conducting state via a percolation transition is observed. Of particular interest is the characteristic non-Drude behavior close to the transition. Whereas effective medium theory is inconsistent with our measurements in this regime, the Drude-Smith model, a generalization of the classical Drude model which incorporates carrier localization through backscattering, provides excellent fits to the observed complex conductivity. Applying this model we observe extreme values for the carrier scattering time at the percolation threshold.
Insulin Resistant States and Insulin Signaling

Abstract The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and obesity is increasing rapidly worldwide, reaching epidemic proportions. Insulin resistance is a key feature in both conditions and plays an important pathophysiological role. Over the last two decades a central role in the origin of insulin resistance has emerged for defects in the intracellular insulin signaling cascade leading to glucose uptake. Herein, we will 1) review insulin signaling pathways leading to glucose uptake, 2) review mouse models of insulin resistance that demonstrate the pathophysiologic importance of specific defects of these pathways and 3) discuss the molecular basis for insulin resistance in some human disease states known to be associated with insulin resistance. Finally, we will briefly mention some novel treatment targets for T2D stemming from this knowledge.
Integration by Association: Combining Three-Dimensional Cues to Extrinsic Surface Shape

Surface shape is visually derived from multiple sources of three-dimensional (3-D) information. The apparent unity of the percept creates an assumption that there are perceptual processes that resolve and combine the different channels of information within some common 3-D representation. However, integration by the explicit conversion of the information from different sources into a common representation is computationally difficult and unnecessary. An alternative, integration by association, is discussed and related to a variety of experimental results on 3-D-cue conflict.
Double-channel E-Mode AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with an electron-blocking-layer structure

In this study, the threshold voltage and breakdown voltage of a double-channel AlGaN/GaN HEMT is improved. Firstly, depletion mode (D-mode) is changed to enhancement mode (E-mode) by optimizing the depth of the recessed gate, the Al ratio in the AlGaN layer, and the doping concentration of the p-doped region. Secondly, the E-mode device with highest breakdown voltage is selected, and then implemented with an electron-blocking layer (EBL) structure. The EBL structure is optimized to further improve the breakdown voltage.
The Effects of Cueing Temporal and Spatial Attention on Word Recognition in a Complex Listening Task in Hearing-Impaired Listeners

In a complex listening situation such as a multiperson conversation, the demands on an individual's attention are considerable: There will often be many sounds occurring simultaneously, with continual changes in source and direction. A laboratory analog of this was designed to measure the benefit that helping attention (by visual cueing) would have on word identification. These words were presented unpredictably but were sometimes cued with a temporal cue or a temporal-and-spatial cue. Two groups of hearing-impaired, older-adult listeners participated, 57 unaided and 19 aided. There was a small effect of cueing: The cues gave a 2% benefit in word identification. A variety of subsidiary measures were collected, including the Test of Everyday Attention and the Speech, Spatial, & Qualities of Hearing Questionnaire, but their links with the benefits of cueing were few. The results demonstrate the difficulty of cueing attention to improve word recognition in a complex listening situation.
Complementary and alternative medicine in major depressive disorder: the American Psychiatric Association Task Force report.

OBJECTIVE To review selected complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD). PARTICIPANTS Authors of this report were invited participants in the American Psychiatric Association's Task Force on Complementary and Alternative Medicine. EVIDENCE The group reviewed the literature on individual CAM treatments for MDD, methodological considerations, and future directions for CAM in psychiatry. Individual CAM treatments were reviewed with regard to efficacy in MDD, as well as risks and benefits. Literature searches included MEDLINE and PsycINFO reviews and manual reference searches; electronic searches were limited to English-language publications from 1965 to January 2010 (but manual searches were not restricted by language). Treatments were selected for this review on the basis of (1) published randomized controlled trials in MDD and (2) widespread use with important clinical safety or public health significance relevant to psychiatric practice. An action plan is presented based on needs pertaining to CAM and psychiatry. CONSENSUS PROCESS Consensus was reached by group conferences. Written iterations were drafted and sent out among group members prior to discussion, resolution of any differences of interpretation of evidence, and final approval. CONCLUSIONS A review of randomized controlled trials for commonly used CAM treatments such as omega-3 fatty acids, St John's wort (Hypericum), folate, S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe), acupuncture, light therapy, exercise, and mindfulness psychotherapies revealed promising results. More rigorous and larger studies are recommended. Each CAM treatment must be evaluated separately in adequately powered controlled trials. At this time, several CAM treatments appear promising and deserve further study. The greatest risk of pursuing a CAM therapy is the possible delay of other well-established treatments. Clinical, research, and educational initiatives designed to focus on CAM in psychiatry are clearly warranted due to the widespread use of CAM therapies.
Shunting in renal microvasculature of the rat: A scanning electron microscopic study of corrosion casts

We reinvestigated the still controversial existence of arterial pathways by‐passing glomeruli within kidneys of rats from weaning to more than 12 months old (i.e., body weight ranging from 39 g to 643 g). For this purpose, the arterial injection of microspheres 7.5 μm to 17 μm in diameter was combined to corrosion‐replication of the arterial bed of a vasodilated perfused kidney preparation. This procedure allowed easy detection of arterial by‐passes with light microscope and detailed observation with scanning electron microscope. Our results clearly demonstrate the existence of various categories of arterial by‐passes throughout renal cortex regardless of age. Some of them had never been described before. These vascular by‐passes were found with increased frequency from superficial to juxtamedullary cortex. In the latter area, frequency was not agedependent, and approximately 10% (range 4–22%) of juxtamedullary glomeruli were involved. Data derived from previous microsphere studies would suggest that these structures are (partially) nonfunctioning in basal physiological conditions, but more information is needed to assess their possible functional role in the rat.
Nutrition and infection in the intensive care unit: what does the evidence show?

Purpose of reviewNutrition support when applied appropriately, can improve clinical outcomes, particularly the incidence of infections. The Canadian Clinical Practice Guidelines for Nutrition Support, published in October 2003, summarized the evidence on nutrition support in the critically ill patient and provided recommendations aimed at maximizing the benefits of nutrition support while minimizing the risks. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent advances in nutrition research in critically ill adult patients, particularly with respect to minimizing infection. The newly published data will be used to update the Canadian Clinical Practice Guidelines. Recent findingsRecent studies have confirmed that the use of enteral nutrition versus parenteral nutrition, early initiation of enteral nutrition, use of enteral and parenteral glutamine and intensive insulin therapy are all associated with reduced infectious morbidity in critically ill patients. A recent meta-analysis suggests that antioxidant supplementation is associated with no improvement in infectious complications, but an increase in survival. The recommendations from the Canadian Clinical Practice Guidelines for Nutrition Support have been updated based on the data from these recent trials. SummaryThis review provides insights into the results of recent randomized trials on nutrition support in critically ill patients. The Canadian Clinical Practice Guidelines for nutrition support help intensive care unit clinicians to keep abreast of emerging evidence and the impact of nutrition support practices on outcomes such as infections.
Une nouvelle sémantique pour la programmation logique capturant la sémantique des modèles stables : la sémantique des extensions

La programmation par ensembles r eponses (Answer Set Programming) est un cadre bien etudi e en programmation logique. Plusieurs travaux ont ete faits pour d efinir une s emantique pour les programmes logiques. La plupart de ces s emantiques sont en fait des s emantiques de point fi xe. L'id ee principale est le calcul de mod eles canoniques du programme logique consid er e, appel es mod eles stables. Les mod eles stables sont dans un certain sens des mod eles minimaux des programmes r eduits. Nous introduisons une nouvelle s emantique pour les programmes logiques, a partir d'une notion d'extension d'une formule propositionnelle classique. Ces extensions peuvent etre calcul es de mani ere it erative. Un programme logique est alors cod e par un ensemble de clauses de la logique propositionnelle. On prouve que chaque formule consistante admet au moins une extension et que, pour chaque mod ele stable d'un programme logique, il existe une extension de son codage qui l'implique logiquement. Certaines des extensions ne correspondent pas a un mod ele stable mais sont int eressantes. Nous donnons une condition discriminante simple qui permet de reconnaitre de telles extensions. En fin, nous d ecrivons un algorithme qui calcule les extensions de la formule CNF codant le programme logique. De cet ensemble d'extension on peut extraire les mod eles stables du programme logique initial.
Antimicrobial, antioxidant and wound healing activity of the crude extractand different fractions of methanolic extract of Ipomoea Carnea

To investigate the antimicrobial, antioxidant and wound healing activities of different fractions of the methanolic extracts of the leaves of Ipomoea Carnea was investigated, Antimicrobial activities was carried out by disc diffusion method and MBC, the wound healing activity was carried out using ether anaesthetized rats in two different wound models i.e. Incision and Excision at two different concentrations(5% and 10%w/w). The free radical scavenging activity was studied in vitro by measuring DPPH, Hydrogen peroxide scavengering activity, Superoxide free radical (O2) and Nitric oxide (NO) free radical scavenging activity with reference to standard antioxidant ascorbic acid. The test compounds like crude methanolic extract (both concentrations) and different fractions like chloroform, methanol and ethyl acetate significantly increase in tensile strength and the rate of wound contraction compared to the control and nitrofurazone. Antimicrobial activities were evaluated against different microorganisms namely Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Acinetobacter baumannii, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans and Aspergilus Niger. In anti microbial study S. aureus, S.epidermidis, P. aeruginosa, P.merabilis, E. faecalis, showed significant activity on diffusion method and MBC respectively. Different fungal strains like C.albicans and A.niger are not inhibited by different test compounds. The different fractions and extract of ipomoea carnea showed remarkable antioxidant activity. The results revealed that the crude methanolic extract, methanol and ethyl acetate fraction produces remarkable wound healing property due to their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities by possessing the active compounds such as flavonoids, terpenes, alkaloids and saponins.
Complete Removal of Sphingolipids from the Plasma Membrane Disrupts Cell to Substratum Adhesion of Mouse Melanoma Cells*

GM-95, a mutant cell line derived from mouse melanoma MEB-4 cells, is deficient in glycosphingolipids (GSLs) due to the lack of ceramide glucosyltransferase-1 activity (Ichikawa, S., Nakajo, N., Sakiyama, H., and Hirabayashi, Y. (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 91, 2703-2707). In this study, we examined the involvement of the complex sphingolipids in cell to substratum adhesion. Immunofluorescent and chemical analyses revealed that the complex sphingolipids were significantly concentrated in the detergent-insoluble substrate attachment matrix of both GM-95 and MEB-4 cells. In spite of the absence of GSLs, GM-95 cells retained the ability to adhere to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, and laminin. When both GM-95 and MEB-4 cells were treated with neutral sphingomyelinase, GM-95 cells were rounded up and detached from all ECM proteins examined. In contrast, neither the morphology nor the adherence of MEB-4 cells was altered. Under this treatment, sphingomyelin (SM) became undetectable in both cells. A similar inhibition was observed upon pretreatment of cells with fumonisin B1 or ISP-1, both of which block the synthesis of ceramide, a common precursor of both GSLs and SM. Stable transfectants expressing GSLs, which were established by transfection of glucosyltransferase-1 cDNA into GM-95 cells, became resistant to neutral sphingomyelinase-mediated rounding up and detachment from ECM proteins. In conclusion, the complex sphingolipids play critical roles in cell to substratum adhesion, and the presence of either GSLs or SM is sufficient for the adhesion.
Progressive autosomal dominant optic atrophy and sensorineural hearing loss in a Turkish family

Purpose: To describe the clinical features, mode of inheritance, and linkage analysis of ten affected members of a three-generation family with progressive optic atrophy and progressive hearing loss. Materials and methods: The proband, a 10-year-old boy, presented with progressive visual failure. Ten other members in his family, including his mother, half-sister, aunt, two uncles, grandfather, and some of the cousins, also had progressive visual loss and hearing loss. Six affected and four unaffected cases were examined in detail. Blood samples were drawn from 16 members for DNA extraction. Two loci previously described for optic atrophy were tested for linkage in the present family. Results: The mode of inheritance was clearly autosomal dominant. Six members of the family were found to have progressive optic atrophy and hearing loss, both starting in the first decade of life. Total or red-green color blindness was detected in some patients. None of the members of this family showed evidence of other systemic disorders; however, four had blepharochalasis. No other cause could be found for the hearing or the visual loss. Linkage analysis excluded OPA1 and OPA2. Conclusion: The present Turkish family belongs to the group of individuals with autosomal dominantly inherited optic atrophies with hearing loss. Linkage analysis excluded OPA1 and OPA2, indicating that a novel gene defect underlies the disease in this family. Further genome-wide linkage analysis and identification of the disease-associated gene will help define the pathophysiology of this syndrome.