Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of Shigella, Enteroinvasive escherichia coli (EIEC) and Entamoeba histolytica in causing dysentry in children and antibiotic sensitivity testing

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UN MÉTODO EFICIENTE PARA RESOLVER UN PROBLEMA DE PROGRAMACIÓN CUADRÁTICA DERIVADO DEL APRENDIZAJE DE FUNCIONES DE DISTANCIA

Quadratic programming is a special type of the mathematical optimization problem. It is the problem of optimizing a quadratic function of several variables subject to linear constraints on these variables. When the number of constraints, as well as the number of variables are huge, the general method is not computational tractable. However, in some specic domain of application, we can take some advantages from the problem to improve performance of optimization process. The main idea of this work is to propose a new approach to solve a special quadratic program with large scale constraints, which is formulated to solve a problem of distance metric learning.
The Effects of Optimal Germination of Somatic Embryos Induced from Mature Cotyledon Explants of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer by Gibberellic Acid

Somatic embryos on growth regulator-free medium can be produced directly from cotyledon explants of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. When the embryo developmental stage was torpedo and cotyledon, the germination rate of embryos was quite high on MS medium supplemented with gibberellic acid (). However, the percentage of plantlet formation at the cotyledon stage was higher than that at the torpedo stage. This result demonstrates that the embryo at the cotyledon stage was the most appropriate for increasing germination by . Embryos cultured on medium including four levels of concentrations (3, 5, 10, or 20 mg/) showed all quite high germination rates (87-91%). When the well-developed embryos were continuously cultured on media including high concentrations of from 10 to 20 mg/, the percentage of formation of normal plantlets was lower than that seen under low concentrations from 3 to 5 mg/. This treatment of high concentrations resulted in shoots with abnormal shape. The optimal treatment provides a basis for the efficient method obtaining healthy plantlets derived from ginseng somatic embryos.
Factores asociados del estrés calórico y producción de leche sobre la tasa de gestación en bovinos en sistemas intensivos

The objectives of this research were to determine the effects of heat stress, milk production, and their interaction with management practices on pregnancy rates (GEST) in Holstein cows. Twenty three thousand nine hundred and twenty six (23,926) artificial insemination (AI) records from nine dairies in Ciudad Delicias city, State of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed. For each increase unit in the monthly average temperature-relative humidity index (THI), GEST decreased in 0.7% (P 11,000 L had lower GEST (P 10,000 L had lower GEST than cows with lower PROD (P 72 (P 0.05). Multiparous cows had lower GEST at THIS >72, than primiparous (P 0.05). PROD was higher in cows with >2 calvings, those receiving BST, those under 3X systems, and those in large herds (P<0.01).
Was sind wir wert? Acht Fragen und Antworten zum Thema der „Wert“ des Menschen aus ökonomischer Sicht

Beschäftigen sich Ökonomen mit dem Wert des menschlichen Lebens, so passiert dies meist vor dem Hintergrund einer effizienten (öffentlichen) Entscheidungsfindung und den damit verbundenen Kosten und Nutzen der (öffentlichen) Investition, wie beispielsweise einer Impfmaßnahme. Dabei ist es für das Instrument der Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse unerlässlich, dass monetäre Werte sowohl für die relevanten Kosten- als auch Nutzkomponenten der Investition integriert werden. Während dabei meist klare Vorstellungen bezüglich der Kosten existieren, liegen größtenteils kaum Informationen über den monetären Nutzen für die Betroffenen einer Maßnahme vor. Als Nutzen können in Bezug auf die Gesundheit beispielhaft eine verbesserte Lebensqualität oder auch der Schutz menschlichen Lebens, d.h. eine Reduktion des Sterberisikos, genannt werden. Wie kann also menschliches Leben monetär bewertet werden? Der vorliegende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit den ökonomischen Methoden, die das Ziel verfolgen, menschliches Leben zu „monetarisieren“. Damit wird einerseits ein grundlegendes methodisches Verständnis vermittelt, anderseits ein Eindruck gegeben, in welchen Dimensionen und innerhalb welcher Bandbreiten sich derartige Werte bewegen und wozu sie konkret verwendet werden können.
Illusionism and the Epistemological Problems Facing Phenomenal Realism

: Illusionism about phenomenal properties has the potential to leave us with all the benefit of taking consciousness seriously and far fewer problems than those accompanying phenomenal realism. The particular problem I explore here is an epistemological puzzle that leaves the phenomenal realist with a dilemma but causes no trouble for the illusionist: how can we account for false beliefs about our own phenomenal properties? If realism is true, facts about our phenomenal properties must hold independent of our beliefs about those properties, so mistaken phenomenal beliefs must always remain an open possibility. But there is no way to identify the phenomenal facts that make these beliefs false other than by mere stipulation. If illusionism is true, then the state of affairs regarding what a subject’s experience seems like is just the illusion itself; there are no further facts of the matter about which the subject might have mistaken beliefs, so the problem does not arise. Phenomenal realism, whether radical or conservative, appears to be the default position regarding conscious experience. Anything less than full-fledged realism seems to deny the existence of our subjective inner lives. But the proposal that Keith Frankish gives us here, a type of anti-realism he calls ‘illusionism’ about phenomenal properties, has the potential to leave us with all of the benefit of taking conscious experience seriously and much less of the unnecessary metaphysical and conceptual baggage that accompanies a realist interpretation of these properties.
Gene Expression Analysis of Circulating Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer Micrometastases

Abstract : This annual report for the Physician Research Training Award focuses on progress in the genetic analysis of circulating hormone refractory prostate cancer micrometastases. As metastatic tissue is often inaccessible in advanced prostate cancer patients, analysis of circulating tumor cells may provide understanding of the biology of hormone refractory prostate cancer as well as chemotherapy resistance. Oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization allows the assessment of genetic changes that may occur in the process of metastasis and chemotherapy resistance. Genomic profiling using this technology will go beyond cell counting, and circumvent technical complexities related to working with RNA. Work performed over the last year has perfected techniques to deal with small amounts of DNA isolated using the Vitatex cell isolation system. Preliminary data suggests that reproducible genomic alterations are observed in the circulating tumor cells isolated from patients with metastatic hormone refractory prostate cancer. During year 3, having ironed out the methodology of pursuing this work, we will ramp up collection of peripheral blood on patients with chemotherapy-na(ve and chemotherapy-refractory hormone refractory prostate cancer to isolate circulating tumor cells and perform genetic analyses.
Detecção de fraudes em leitores de impressões digitais sem contato utilizando descritores de texturas e redes neurais artificiais

Along with the advent of biometric systems, many techniques have been created in order to trick them. Many times, these techniques are performed at the sensor level and, according to the way it is done, they may be classified into 3 subcategories. Two of them are worth mentioning for the purpose of this paper. In one of them, the attacker provides a fake fingerprint to make the system believe that the attacker is a valid user. In the other, the attacker obfuscates his fingerprint so that the system will not be able to identify him. There is also the situation that a user presents an object to the sensor, in which case there is no fingerprint. This paper proposes an anti-spoofing method that classifies images acquired from a touchless fingreprint biometric sensor into three categories: real fingerprint, obfuscated fingerprint or not even a finger. The proposed method makes use of artificial neural networks and a combination of two texture descriptors: ILBP and GLCM.
Effects of Partial Replacement of Fish Meal Protein by Microalgae on Growth, Feed Intake, and Body Composition of Atlantic Cod

Abstract A feeding trial was conducted with juvenile Atlantic cod Gadus morhua (initial mean weight, 40.7 g) in which a combination of dried Nannochloropsis sp. and Isochrysis sp. replaced fish meal protein in isonitrogenous, isocaloric diets. Three experimental diets (55% protein, 16.5% fat; calculated gross energy = 5,328 kcal/kg) were formulated to replace 0, 15, or 30% of dietary fish meal protein. At the conclusion of the 84-d study, no differences in survival, feed conversion ratios, viscerosomatic indices, and n-3 and n-6 fatty acids in the muscle were found among the treatment groups. Feed intake and growth, which were proportional to the level of algal incorporation, were significantly reduced in the algae-fed fish and were probably due to palatability problems. Feed intake improved in the fish fed the diet with 15% fish meal protein replacement as the study progressed, but hepatosomatic indices indicate that those fed the diet with 30% replacement were approaching starvation. Received July 13, 2.
Resistance of sweet potato varieties to sweetpotato virus disease in northwestern Tanzania

This study characterised the resistance of the main local sweetpotato varieties and introduced (improved) ones in the Lake Shore region of Kagera (northwestern) Tanzania to the devastating sweetpotato virus disease (SPVD). The local varieties Polista and Hidaya were more susceptible to SPVD than the recently officially released varieties, i.e., Simama, Mavuno and Juhudi.
Maintenance of Neuron Activity by Homeostatic Alterations in Receptors and Ion Channels in a Rett Syndrome Mouse Model

Rett Syndrome (RTT) is a developmental disorder that affects numerous neuronal systems that underlie problems with breathing, movement, cognition and sleep. RTT is caused by mutations in the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (Mecp2) gene. MeCP2 is a ubiquitous protein that is found in all mature neurons and binds to methylated DNA to repress transcription; thus regulating protein expression levels in neurons. The mutations in Mecp2 affect a large number of proteins that are crucial for regulating neuronal activity. Despite the abnormal expression of many of these proteins, mice with a total loss of MeCP2 can live to adulthood and some people with RTT can live to a very late age as well. It is possible that mutations in the Mecp2 gene not only cause widespread defects, but also elicit neuroadaptive processes that may limit the impact of the MeCP2 dysfunction. To test this hypothesis we performed these studies in which we focused on how synaptic and membrane currents were altered to maintain normal neuronal activity in Mecp2-null mice. We show two examples from different neurons where neuroadaptations of ion channel expression allowed the neuron to remain viable. First, the properties of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) current were altered in LC neurons in Mecp2-null mice. This was caused by changes in the nicotinic receptor subunit expression. Despite the changes in the nAChR current, the cholinergic modulation of LC neuron activity in WT and Mecp2-null mice were similar. Secondly, we show that the fast Na voltage-gated and the hyperpolarization-activated currents were altered in mesencephalic trigeminal V (Me5) propriosensory neurons. The changes in the hyperpolarization-activated current caused a smaller sag and post-inhibitory rebound. Opposite to what we expected, these cells were hyperexcitable. The hyperexcitability was due to changes in the fast Na voltage-gated current causing a decreased action potential threshold. Alterations in the ionic currents in Me5 neurons seem to be due to changes in subunit expression patterns. These results indicate that despite the complications caused by defects in the Mecp2 gene, neurons respond by rearranging receptor / ion channel expression. This reorganization allows neurons to remain viable despite the MeCP2 deficiency. INDEX WORDS: Rett syndrome, Homeostasis, Nicotinic receptor, Hyperpolarizationactivated current, Voltage-gated sodium current, Mecp2 MAINTENANCE OF NEURON ACTIVITY BY HOMEOSTATIC ALTERATIONS IN RECEPTORS AND ION CHANNELS IN A RETT SYNDROME MOUSE MODEL
Asset or Problem: Decision Making and Strategic Ambiguity in Mega Projects

In mega projects, the project phases from the initial planning stage to implementation stage can be spread more than twenty year. In this long period numerous external changes occur which will effect on project directly or indirectly. Major factors are political conditions of the country, technology, financial conditions, labor and all working conditions, land and other market conditions will change in long run during the implementation of mega project. A lot of unforeseen events will occurs, these unforeseen conditions, realization and resources causes the different output as compared to expected outputs in the mega projects. That’s why the planning of mega project is most strategic decision making moment in the life of organizations. So, it’s the responsibility of the project managers to keep the mega and complex projects as simple and flexible which can be adjustable in unforeseen condition. In this study the planning of mega projects is explored. The planning of mega projects is most important and organizations must have too kept in consideration the unforeseen conditions in their planning and decision making process. Mega and complex project have different uncertainty and ambiguity factors which can be minimized by taking rational decisions. Keywords: Mega Projects, Project Planning, Rational Decision Making, Strategic Ambiguity and Project Uncertainty.
The Function and Regulation of Photobodies in Phytochrome Signaling

The Function and Regulation of Photobodies in Phytochrome Signaling by Elise Kristen Van Buskirk Department of Biology Duke University Date: Approved: ___________________________ Meng Chen, Supervisor ___________________________ Philip N. Benfey ___________________________ Xinnian Dong ___________________________ Tai-Ping Sun ___________________________ Pelin C. Volkan An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Biology in the Graduate School of Duke University 2014 Copyright by Elise Kristen Van Buskirk 2014
Socialización de alumnado con TEA y TDAH con sus iguales Aspectos cuantitativos y cualitativos

Los ninos y ninas con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) o con trastorno por deficit de atencion con hiperactividad (TDAH) escolarizados en centros ordinarios pueden experimentar un estatus sociometrico del tipo «ignorado» o «rechazado». El nivel linguistico o de competencia emocional de estos ninos y ninas puede ser clave en esta socializacion con sus iguales. En este sentido, escasos estudios han centrado su interes en comparar la socializacion de ninos y ninas con TEA a la de ninos y ninas con TDAH, o realizan un analisis cualitativo sobre los motivos proporcionados por sus iguales al nominarlos positiva o negativamente. Por ello, en este estudio se pretende: 1) conocer el estatus sociometrico de ninos y ninas con TEA o con TDAH mediante un analisis cuantitativo (cantidad de nominaciones positivas y negativas) y cualitativo (motivos aportados por los companeros); y 2) estudiar la relacion de dicho estatus con variables afectadas en ambos trastornos. Para conseguirlo, dos grupos de ninos y ninas (uno con TEA y otro con TDAH), escolarizados en un centro ordinario, fueron evaluados mediante tareas sociometricas, linguisticas y de competencia emocional. Los resultados demuestran que la mayoria de los participantes se situaron en un tipo sociometrico «promedio» dentro de su aula ordinaria. No obstante, en el caso del grupo con TEA, se observa una relacion de las variables sociometricas con el nivel linguistico y emocional de los participantes, mientras que en el grupo con TDAH no. Consecuentemente, se concluye que es necesario intervenir en las habilidades linguisticas y emocionales para mejorar el estatus sociometrico del alumnado con TEA, mientras que en el caso del TDAH se debe investigar sobre que otras variables influyen en una mejor socializacion (ej. funcion ejecutiva). El analisis cualitativo de los motivos aportados por los companeros tambien aporta informacion de utilidad al respecto.
Pathogenicity mutants of the tomato leaf mould fungus Fulvia fulva (Cooke, Ciferri) syn. Cladosporium fulvum (Cooke).

Abstract A range of mutants with impaired ability to infect tomato cotyledons and leaves was produced by exposing conidia of Fulvia fulva (race 4) to either u.v. light or 1,3-butadiene diepoxide or N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. One spontaneous mutant was also recovered. In axenic culture, growth rates and sporulation of the mutants were similar to the wild-type race 4. Two classes of mutant could be detected by tests on seedlings. One class, designated pathogenicity mutants (Pat-), failed to sporulate; the other, designated aggression mutants (Agg-), showed reduced sporulation. No mutants for virulence (i.e. changed specificity for differential host lines) were obtained. Light and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the Pat- mutants could be further divided into three categories, Pat-A, Pat-B and Pat-C. Hyphae of Pat-A mutants penetrated the stomata then stopped, Pat-B mutants invaded the mesophyll but grew sparsely, while Pat-C mutants grew densely in the mesophyll. Microscopic observations were more sensitive than chitin or ergosterol assays for distinguishing mutants by growth in planta. Callose deposition in response to infection was proportional to the amount of growth by each category of mutant. Accumulation of pathogenicity-related (PR) proteins in intercellular fluid showed similar relationships. Compared with wild-type races, Pat-C mutants induced a similar range and level of PR proteins but these accumulated less rapidly, whereas Pat-B mutants induced only low levels and Pat-A mutants did not induce accumulation of PR proteins.
Study of the phosphorylation and activation of the protein kinase NEK9 during mitosis

Nek9 is a NIMA-related kinase that is phosphorylated in mitosis and a small pool of it (5%) is activated at the centrosomes by a complex mechanism which has remained elusive until now. Nek6 and Nek7 bind to the C-terminal tail of Nek9 and are directly phosphorylated and activated by Nek9, thus forming with Nek9 a signalling cassette of mitotic kinases. Once active, Nek6 and Nek7 phosphorylate the kinesin Eg5 at the Ser1033, a residue that has been shown to be important for mitotic progression. We have described that Nek9 is activated by a two-step mechanism, first by the phosphorylation of Cdk1, which leads to the binding of Plk1 through its PBD domain and further phosphorylation of Plk1 at different sites, including the activation loop at the Thr210. We show that both phosphorylation by Cdk1 and Plk1 are necessary for the activation of Nek9 in vivo. Results in our group demonstrate that active Nek9 and Nek6 induce centrosome separation in an Eg5-dependent manner, and also that active Nek9 and Nek6 can rescue Plk1 but not Eg5 downregulation in prophase centrosome separation. This work has demonstrated that Nek9 activation by Plk1 is necessary for the phosphorylation of the kinesin Eg5 at the Ser1033, and that this phosphorylation is necessary for prophase centrosome separation and Eg5 recruitment. During the last years we have inhibited Nek9 using different approaches, but in order to have an acute inhibition of the kinase we decided to take a chemical genetic approach. As a general overview, the strategy consists on doing a functionally silent mutation in the ATP binding pocket (gatekeeper residue) of the target kinase that sensitizes it to inhibition by an ATP analog and that does not inhibit wild type kinases. So far I have identified the gatekeeper residue of Nek9 and have been able to find a mutant that acts as an analog sensitive mutant in vitro.
Rôle de l’azote dans la structure et la fonction des communautés de cyanobactéries toxiques

In this study of three eutrophic lakes prone to cyanobacterial blooms, we examined the diversity of diazotrophic bacteria and toxic cyanobacteria. We evaluated the environmental factors effects on the community composition, the concentration and composition of the family of toxins microcystins (MCs). Since the assimilation of nitrogen and the synthesis of MCs in cyanobacteria are thought to be under the same control of the NtcA transcriptor, we hypothesised that nitrogen played a major role in shaping cyanobacterial communities and influenced indirectly the concentration and composition of MCs. The mcyE gene coding for the microcystin synthetase enzyme and MCs concentrations were detected at each sampling date in all lakes. Nitrogen, particularly under its organic dissolved form (DON) as well as water temperature were the environmental factors explaining the most variation in MC concentration although Microcystis spp. biomass was overall the best predictor. The nifH gene coding for the nitrogenase enzyme (N2-fixation) was also detected at all times. Even though the concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen were relatively low, and that heterocysts were present in high densities, no nifH transcripts were detected by RT-PCR, indicating that no N2-fixation was going on at detectable levels at the time of sampling. Moreover, pyrosequencing revealed that sequences of the genes nifH and mcyE corresponded to different taxa, thus cyanobacteria did not have the capacity to perform both functions simultaneously.
La polarité cellulaire chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae : etude de la régulation de la protéine RhoGAP Rgd1 à domaine F-BAR

Chez l’ensemble des organismes, la capacite des cellules a se polariser est une propriete necessaire a la croissance, a la division, a la mobilite, a la differenciation ou encore au trafic intracellulaire. Les GTPases de la famille Rho jouent des roles preponderants dans la regulation de ces mecanismes. Chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae, nous etudions la maniere dont le regulateur RhoGAP Rgd1p des proteines Rho3 et Rho4 est lui-meme regule au cours de la croissance polarisee. Nous avons montre que la proteine Rgd1 est localisee au fond du bourgeon lors de la croissance isotropique du bourgeon puis sous forme d’un anneau au cou du bourgeon lors de la cytocinese. Nous avons egalement montre que le trafic intracellulaire, notamment l’exocytose et les phosphoinosotides tels que le PdtIns(4)P et le PdtIns(4,5)P2 ont un role majeur dans la regulation spatio-temporelle de la proteine Rgd1. Ces mecanismes permettraient d’acheminer la proteine RhoGAP au niveau des sites de croissances afin d’agir sur les proteines Rho3 et Rho4.