Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4 in commercial demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft preparations: pilot study.

BACKGROUND Demineralized freeze-dried bone allografts (DFDBAs) have been proposed as a useful adjunct in periodontal therapy to induce periodontal regeneration through the induction of new bone formation. The presence of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) within the demineralized matrix has been proposed as a possible mechanism through which DFDBA may exert its biologic effect. However, in recent years, the predictability of results using DFDBA has been variable and has led to its use being questioned. One reason for the variability in tissue response may be attributed to differences in the processing of DFDBA, which may lead to loss of activity of any bioactive substances within the DFDBA matrix. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to determine whether there are detectable levels of bone morphogenetic proteins in commercial DFDBA preparations. METHODS A single preparation of DFDBA was obtained from three commercial sources. Each preparation was studied in triplicate. Proteins within the DFDBA samples were first extracted with 4M guanidinium HCI for seven days at 40 degrees celsius and the residue was further extracted with 4M guanidinium HCL/EDTA for seven days at 40 degrees celsius. Two anti-human BMP-2 and -4 antibodies were used for the detection of the presence of BMP's in the extracts. RESULTS Neither BMP-2 nor BMP-4 was detected in any of the extracts. When recombinant human BMP-2 and -4 were added throughout the extraction process of DFDBA extraction, not only were intact proteins detected but smaller molecular weight fragments were also noted in the extract. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that all of the DFDBA samples tested had no detectable amounts of BMP-2 and -4. In addition, an unknown substance present in the DFDBA may be responsible for degradation of whatever BMPs might be present.
Tracking Effects of Problematic Social Networking on Adolescent Psychopathology: The Mediating Role of Sleep Disruptions

Concerns are growing about adolescents’ problematic social networking and possible links to depressed mood and externalizing behavior. Yet there remains little understanding of underlying processes that may account for these associations, including the mediating role of sleep disruption. This study tests this putative mediating process and examines change in problematic social networking investment and disrupted sleep, in relation to change in depressed mood and externalizing behavior. A sample of 874 students (41% male; 57.2% Caucasian; baseline M age = 14.4 years) from 27 high schools were surveyed. Participants’ problematic social networking, sleep disruption, and psychopathology (depressed mood, externalizing behaviors) were measured annually over 3 years. Longitudinal mediation was tested using latent trajectories of problematic social networking use, sleep disruption, and psychopathology. Both problematic social networking and sleep disruption underwent positive linear growth over time. Adolescents who increasingly invested in social networking reported increased depressed mood, with around 53% of this association explained by the indirect effect of increased sleep disruptions. Further, adolescents who increasingly invested in social networking also reported increased externalizing behavior; some of this relation was explained (13%) via increased sleep disruptions. However an alternative model in which increased externalizing was associated with increased social networking, mediated by sleep disruptions, indicated a reciprocal relation of similar magnitude. It is important for parents, teachers, and psychologists to minimize the negative effects of social networking on adolescents’ psychopathology. Interventions should potentially target promoting healthy sleep habits through reductions in social networking investment and rescheduling usage away from bedtime.
Design and implementation of a hierarchical control system architecture for a modular pulsed power supply system

High power electronics converters, recently, have been composed of modular building blocks, Power Electronics Building Blocks (PEBB), to gain advantage for modularity, scalability, power density, and reliability. In addition to their hardware configuration, the control system of those converters should also be modular for scalability. In this paper, a hierarchical control system architecture together with both communication and protection means is proposed for a modular Pulsed Power Supply (PPS) for the implementation of Electromagnetic Launcher (EML) system. An isolated interface between high voltage control system elements on each PPS module and main control system is recommended and implemented for the EML system. The proposed control system architecture is formed via modular PXI based control hardware of National Instruments. The proposed hierarchical control system architecture is an industry application of the control system architecture suggested in IEEE Standard (Std 1676–2010) to the PEBB based modular PPS with some application specific contributions of authors to the subject.
Application of the Improved FOCUSS for Arrival Time Estimation (IFATE) algorithm to WLAN high accuracy positioning services

Many Location Based Services (LBS) have emerged in the past few years. However, the provision of underlying positioning technologies to support these services in indoor environments is still challenging. The indoor environment with its propagation complexity presents a burden to achieve affordable, high accuracy and real-time positioning. A recent development, the Improved FOCUSS for Arrival Time Estimation (IFATE) algorithm, addresses some of the indoor propagation environment limitations and enables real-time sub-metre ranging accuracy. This paper introduces a number of measures for the practical implementation of IFATE to support affordable real-time and high accuracy WLAN positioning. These measures include the introduction of the architecture for an IFATE-enabled WLAN reference node. Furthermore, the paper evaluates the performance of IFATE in comparison to superresolution sub-space decomposition and basic cross-correlation based techniques. IFATE performance is also validated using real data collected from different WLAN indoor environment settings.
Ileal mucosal response to the same probiotic Lactobacillus strains is markedly different between suckling and adult mice

Abstract While evidence shows that probiotic supplementation exerts beneficial effects on developing children and animals, it is unclear whether it would exert equal or similar effects on adult human and animals. In this study, response to probiotic lactobacilli in ileal mucosa of suckling and adult mice was compared by evaluating gene expression profiles using DNA microarray. Two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus gasseri CP2305s and Lactobacillus plantarum CPA305C were used. Supplementation of probiotics for 7 days affected completely different genes in suckling and adult mice, regardless of the probiotic strain. The results suggested that ileal mucosal responses to probiotics are age stage specific. Response to probiotic lactobacillus completely differ between suckling and adult mice.
Behavioral equivalence in the polymorphic pi-calculus

We investigate parametric polymorphism in message-based concurrent programming, focusing on behavioral equivalences in a typed process calculus analogous to the polymorphic lambda-calculus of Girard and Reynolds.Polymorphism constrains the power of observers by preventing them from directly manipulating data values whose types are abstract, leading to notions of equivalence much coarser than the standard untyped ones. We study the nature of these constraints through simple examples of concurrent abstract data types and develop basic theoretical machinery for establishing bisimilarity of polymorphic processes.We also observe some surprising interactions between polymorphism and aliasing, drawing examples from both the polymorphic pi-calculus and ML.
Multiple viral infections after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

After allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), viral infections/reactivations are a frequent complication, sometimes with fatal outcome. Thus, early diagnosis is recommended by screening of whole blood or plasma preparations using highly sensitive molecular techniques that test for the most common viral pathogens, such as Epstein–Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and adenoviruses (ADVs). Despite this approach, not every reactivation/infection can be adequately detected or excluded, even with highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction. Particularly after toxic treatment, uncommon infections or infections resistant to first‐line treatment can occur, even in unusual locations. Herein, we present the case of a child with Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia after allogeneic HSCT who suffered from 5 different viral reactivations/infections, including acyclovir‐resistant herpes simplex virus type 1 esophagitis, human herpesvirus 6 encephalitis, rotavirus gastroenteritis, respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia, and ADV esophagitis, despite routinely performed blood examinations for viral pathogens remaining unrevealing at all times.
Flexible offline testbed for verification of new RF techniques and concepts

In this paper the conceptual design of a universal testing platform (testbed) based on SDR (software defined radio) paradigm for RF experiments targeting 700 MHzdivide2700 MHz frequency band is presented. The proposed solution is addressed to implementation and evaluation of new transmission techniques, RF architectures or modulation schemes. Testbed control, preparation of arbitrary modulation signals and no-real time post-processing of captured data are performed directly from Matlab. The expected performance of the overall system and characteristics of the major elements are discussed, including the analog frontend with direct up/down-conversion stage and PLL synthesized LO, DACs and ADCs, as well as baseband signal storage block (SRAM).
Effect of intravenous omeprazole on recurrent bleeding after endoscopic treatment of bleeding peptic ulcers.

BACKGROUND After endoscopic treatment of bleeding peptic ulcers, bleeding recurs in 15 to 20 percent of patients. METHODS We assessed whether the use of a high dose of a proton-pump inhibitor would reduce the frequency of recurrent bleeding after endoscopic treatment of bleeding peptic ulcers. Patients with actively bleeding ulcers or ulcers with nonbleeding visible vessels were treated with an epinephrine injection followed by thermocoagulation. After hemostasis had been achieved, they were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to receive omeprazole (given as a bolus intravenous injection of 80 mg followed by an infusion of 8 mg per hour for 72 hours) or placebo. After the infusion, all patients were given 20 mg of omeprazole orally per day for eight weeks. The primary end point was recurrent bleeding within 30 days after endoscopy. RESULTS We enrolled 240 patients, 120 in each group. Bleeding recurred within 30 days in 8 patients (6.7 percent) in the omeprazole group, as compared with 27 (22.5 percent) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 3.9; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.7 to 9.0). Most episodes of recurrent bleeding occurred during the first three days, which made up the infusion period (5 in the omeprazole group and 24 in the placebo group, P<0.001). Three patients in the omeprazole group and nine in the placebo group underwent surgery (P=0.14). Five patients (4.2 percent) in the omeprazole group and 12 (10 percent) in the placebo group died within 30 days after endoscopy (P=0.13). CONCLUSIONS After endoscopic treatment of bleeding peptic ulcers, a high-dose infusion of omeprazole substantially reduces the risk of recurrent bleeding.
Pilot-scale treatment of olive oil mill wastewater by physicochemical and advanced oxidation processes

The pilot-scale treatability of olive oil mill wastewater (OOMW) by physicochemical methods, ultrafiltration and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) was investigated. Physicochemical methods (acid cracking, oil separation and coagulation–flocculation) showed high efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) (85%), oil and grease (O&G) (>97%), suspended solids (SS) (>99%) and phenol (92%) removal from the OOMW. Ultrafiltration followed by physicochemical methods is effective in reducing the SS, O&G. The final permeate quality is found to be excellent with over 90% improvements in the COD and phenol parameters. AOPs (ozonation at a high pH, O3/UV, H2O2/UV, and O3/H2O2/UV) increased the removal efficiency and the O3/H2O2/UV combination among other AOPs studied in this paper was found to give the best results (>99% removal for COD,>99% removal for phenol and>99% removal for total organic carbon). Pilot-scale treatment plant has been continuously operated on site for three years (3 months olive oil production campaign period of each year). The capital and operating costs of the applied treatment alternatives were also determined at the end of these seasons. The results obtained in this study have been patented for 7 years by the Turkish Patent Institute.
Osteoporosis in men with a history of tibial fracture

The long‐term effects of bone fractures on bone mineral density (BMD) at various skeletal sites are poorly established, although a serious fracture, such as a tibia fracture, followed by long immobility and disuse may lead to permanently decreased BMD and, through this mechanism, may be a risk factor for osteoporotic fractures in later life. To determine whether such an injury leads to osteoporosis, we measured the areal BMD (g/cm2) from the lumbar spine (L2–4), right distal radius and ulna, and the femoral neck, distal femur, patella, proximal tibia, distal tibia, and calcaneus of both extremities in 14 men with a history of primarily nonunited (finally bone‐grafted) shaft fracture of the tibia and 20 men with a history of primary union. For evaluation of the patients' BMD in the spine and distal forearm, 22 age‐, weight‐, and height‐matched normal men were also measured. The average time of immobilization in a long plaster cast was 27 weeks in the former group of patients and 16 weeks in the latter. The measurements were performed an average of 9 years after the fracture using a dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometric scanner. Compared with normal men (mean ± SD = 1.116 ± 0.160), the spinal BMDs were significantly lower in men with a history of a primary nonunion (0.979 ± 0.100, −12.3%) and union (1.010 ± 0.124, −9.5%). In distal radius and distal ulna, there were no significant differences between the three groups. In the 14 patients with a primary nonunion, the mean BMD of the injured extremity (compared with the uninjured side) was significantly lower in the distal femur (‐10.0%), patella (‐11.2%), proximal tibia (‐9.2%), distal tibia (‐7.9%), and calcaneus (‐5.6%). In the 20 patients with a primary union, the side‐to‐side difference was significant in the femoral neck (‐2.4%), distal femur (‐4.0%), patella (‐3.7%), and proximal tibia (‐5.1%). The relative BMD of the injured extremity did not correlate with the fracture type, fracture location, or patients' age but did show significant (r = 0.41–0.79) positive correlation with short immobilization time, low pain assessment, good muscle strength, and high functional scores of the injured extremity. In conclusion, the tibial shaft fracture may be associated with reduced bone density in the lumbar spine and injured extremity. The observed decrease (10–12% in spine and 4–11% in the knee region of the injured limb) is clinically important with respect to age‐related bone loss of 1% per year after the age of peak bone mass. Additional follow‐up is needed to determine any increased risk of osteoporotic fractures in spine and injured extremity.
Serial killing of tumor cells by cytotoxic T cells redirected with a CD19‐/CD3‐bispecific single‐chain antibody construct

Certain bispecific antibodies exhibit an extraordinary potency and efficacy for target cell lysis by eliciting a polyclonal T‐cell response. One example is a CD19‐/CD3‐bispecific single‐chain antibody construct (bscCD19xCD3), which at femtomolar concentrations can redirect cytotoxic T cells to eliminate human B lymphocytes, B lymphoma cell lines and patient‐derived malignant B cells. Here we have further explored the basis for this high potency. Using video‐assisted microscopy, bscCD19xCD3 was found to alter the motility and activity of T cells from a scanning to a killing mode. Individual T cells could eliminate multiple target cells within a 9 hr time period, resulting in nuclear fragmentation and membrane blebbing of target cells. Complete target cell elimination was observed within 24 hr at effector‐to‐target cell ratios as low as 1:5. Under optimal conditions, cell killing started within minutes after addition of bscCD19xCD3, suggesting that the rate of serial killing was mostly determined by T‐cell movement and target cell scanning and lysis. At all times, T cells remained highly motile, and no clusters of T and target cells were induced by the bispecific antibody. Bystanding target‐negative cells were not detectably affected. Repeated target cell lysis by bscCD19xCD3‐activated T cells increased the proportion of CD19/CD3 double‐positive T cells, which was most likely a consequence of transfer of CD19 from B to T cells during cytolytic synapse formation. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing that a bispecific antibody can sustain multiple rounds of target cell lysis by T cells. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chip electrophoretic characterization of liposomes with biological lipid composition: Coming closer to a model for viral infection

In first attempts at elucidating the transfer of the RNA genome of a human Rhinovirus through lipid membranes in vitro we made use of liposomes decorated with recombinant receptors. This model system was characterized previously by CE but suffered from the requirement for inclusion of polyethylene glycol‐modified lipids for reliable separations [Weiss, V. U. , Bilek, G. , Pickl‐Herk, A. , Blaas, D. , Kenndler, E. , Electrophoresis 2009, 30, 2123–2128. ]. We here report the analysis of liposomes with a lipid composition much more similar to that of biological lipid bilayers. We found that vesicles containing and lacking this non‐physiologic lipid differ significantly in their electrophoretic mobility (by factor 2) although the concentration of charge‐bearing lipids in their bilayers is the same. We demonstrate that binding of a human Rhinovirus to the latter liposomes decorated with a cognate receptor can be analysed via electrophoresis on microchips; we support our results with transmission electron microscopy.
Temperature-Sensitive Mutant of Escherichia coli K-12 with an Impaired d-Alanine: d-Alanine Ligase

The temperature-sensitive Escherichia coli mutant strain ST-640 lyses at the restrictive temperature except when an osmotic stabilizer or a high concentration of d-alanine is present. The presence of dl-alanyl-dl-alanine does not prevent lysis. The rate of murein synthesis, followed in a wall medium, is decreased at both 30 and 42 C. d-Alanyl-d-alanine and uridine diphosphate-N-acetyl-muramyl (UDP-MurNAc)-pentapeptide are synthesized in decreased amounts, accompanied by accumulation of UDP-MurNAc-tripeptide at 42 C but not at 30 C. Uridine nucleotide precursors leak into the medium, especially out of the mutant cells. This leakage is prevented when NaCl is present. The d-alanine: d-alanine ligase (ADP) (EC 6.3.2.4) of the mutant strain, assayed in crude extracts, is temperature sensitive. The impaired ligase is relatively resistant to d-cycloserine and other inhibitors of the enzyme. Combined genetic and enzymatic results show that the low ligase activity is due to a mutation in the ddl gene, the structural gene for d-alanine: d-alanine ligase.
Categorization of business model patterns and mapping of their relations with business model building blocks

Most cases of business model innovation (BMI) are actually enabled by a limited number of business model (BM) patterns. Hence, a good understanding of the extant BM patterns and their contexts of application is extremely important. In the literature, many BM patterns have already been identified but they have not been systematically arranged based on firm's strategic intents for BMI, which makes comparison among them cumbersome. Also, there is no clear linkage between these BM patterns and the BM building blocks. These two limitations combined reflect many firms' challenges in applying the BM patterns in practice. The ‘Integrated BMI Model’ developed in this study categorizes the BM patterns based on firm's strategic intents for BMI, and map out the specific BM building blocks affected by the BM patterns. This model has two practical applications: (1) systematic selection of BM patterns for BMI, and (2) assessment of firms' current BM patterns.
Kainate receptor‐mediated presynaptic inhibition at the mouse hippocampal mossy fibre synapse

1 The presynaptic action of kainate (KA) receptor activation at the mossy fibre‐CA3 synapse was examined using fluorescence measurement of presynaptic Ca2+ influx as well as electrophysiological recordings in mouse hippocampal slices. 2 Bath application of a low concentration (0·2 μM) of KA reversibly increased the amplitude of presynaptic volley evoked by stimulation of mossy fibres to 146 ± 6 % of control (n= 6), whereas it reduced the field excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSPs) to 30 ± 4 %. 3 The potentiating effect of KA on the presynaptic volleys was also observed in Ca2+‐free solution, and was partly antagonized by (2S,4R)‐4‐methylglutamic acid (SYM 2081, 1 μM), which selectively desensitizes KA receptors. 4 The antidromic population spike of dentate granule cells evoked by stimulation of mossy fibres was increased by application of 0·2 μM KA to 160 ± 10 % of control (n= 6). Whole‐cell current‐clamp recordings revealed that the stimulus threshold for generating antidromic spikes recorded from a single granule cell was lowered by KA application. 5 Application of KA (0·2 μM) suppressed presynaptic Ca2+ influx to 78 ± 4 % of control (n= 6), whereas the amplitude of the presynaptic volley was increased. 6 KA at 0·2 μM reversibly suppressed excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) evoked by mossy fibre simulation to 38 ± 9 % of control (n= 5). 7 These results suggest that KA receptor activation enhances the excitability of mossy fibres, probably via axonal depolarization, and reduces action potential‐induced Ca2+ influx, thereby inhibiting mossy fibre EPSCs presynaptically. This novel presynaptic inhibitory action of KA at the mossy fibre‐CA3 synapse may regulate the excitability of highly interconnected CA3 networks.