Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coat genetic markers of the domestic cat Felis catus (Felidae) from southwestern Colombia

Objectives . Establish the genetic profiles of cats from 12 neighboring municipalities in southwestern Colombia, in a town course from Pereira-Popayan. Estimate the degree of diversity, genetic structure, and quantify gene flow. Materials and methods. Were inventoried the phenotypic markers present in the pigmentation and structure of the coat of 1482 cats of the municipalities surveyed. Based on these phenotypic frequencies, allele frequencies, heterozygosity, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, F statistics and Nei genetic distances were calculated. A comparison was also made between genetic and geographic distance matrices to determine if there was a significant association between the two. Results. With the genetic profiles of the populations we estimated the degree of diversity. We found the populations in equilibrium for the S autosomal locus and for the O sex-linked locus. We found a low level genetic structure, and it was determined that there was no significant correlation between the genetic and geographic distance matrices among populations. Conclusions: These findings can be explained on the basis of the processes of human displacement for this region, due to the fact that the establishment of feline populations in these municipalities originated during the same historical period. Identical genetic profiles are shared as a result of colonization events, and due to possible continued migration among these populations. Objetivos. Determinar los perfiles geneticos de los gatos de 12 municipios contiguos del suroccidente colombiano en un trayecto Pereira-Popayan; estimar el grado de diversidad, estructura genetica y cuantificar el flujo de genes. Materiales y metodos. Se inventariaron los marcadores fenotipicos presentes en la pigmentacion y estructura del pelaje de 1482 gatos de los municipios estudiados, con base en estas frecuencias fenotipicas se calcularon frecuencias alelicas, heterocigosidad, equilibrio Hardy-Weinberg, el estadistico FST y distancias geneticas de Nei. Tambien se realizo una comparacion entre matrices de distancia genetica y geografica para determinar si existia asociacion significativa entre las dos. Resultados. Con los perfiles geneticos de las poblaciones se estimo el grado de diversidad, se hallo en equilibrio Hardy-Weinberg a las poblaciones para el locus autosomico S y el locus ligado al sexo O. Se encontro bajo nivel de estructura genetica y se determino que no existe correlacion significativa entre las matrices de distancia genetica y geografica entre poblaciones. Conclusiones. Estos hallazgos se pueden explicar con base en los procesos de desplazamiento humano para esta region, debido a que el establecimiento de poblaciones felinas en estos municipios se origino en el mismo periodo historico. Se comparten perfiles geneticos identicos como resultado, posiblemente, de eventos de colonizacion y migracion continua entre estas poblaciones.
Die Entwicklung der Tympanalorgane und ihrer invers gerichteten Skolopidien bei Wachsmotten (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Galleriinae)

Two moth species, the Lesser wax moth, Achroia grisella (Fabricius 1794) and the related Greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus 1758), have pairs of trunk tympanic organs, situated on the ventral part of the first abdominal segment. They work as sound pressure receivers. Acoustical signals which meet a tympanic membrane, formed by the integument, set it vibrating: These signals are transmitted over a scoloparium with invers lying receptors to the central nervous system as excitation. The tympanic organs consist of thinned translucent double membranes - the tympana - and a whitish conjunctiva in front of them which cover the tympanal basin where the inverted scoloparium is spread out. The ontogeny of these paired organs shows, that their differentiation is already initiated in the prepupal stage. Inverted larval chordotonal organs are used during the pupal stage for the construction of the tympanic organs. The principal constituting processes occur during the pupal stage and are not finished until the imago has hatched.
Evaluation of stand-level hybrid PipeQual model with permanent sample plot data of Norway spruce

The evaluation of process-based models (PBM) includes ascertaining their ability to produce results consistent with forest growth in the past. In this study, we parameterized and evaluated the hybrid model PipeQual with datasets containing traditional mensuration variables collected from permanent sample plots (PSP) of even-aged Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst. ) stands in Finland. To initialize the model in the middle of stand development and reproduce observed changes in Norway spruce crown structure, the built-in empirical relationships of crown characteristics were made explicitly dependent on the light environment. After these modifications, the model accuracy at the whole dataset level was high, with slope values of linear regressions between the observations and simulations ranging from 0.77 to 0.99 depending on the variable. The average bias ranged between −0.72 and 0.07 m in stand dominant height, –0.68 and 0.57 cm in stand mean diameter, –2.62 and 1.92 m2 in stand basal area, and 20 and 29 .
Improvement of the physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of insulin by poly(ethylene glycol) conjugation

Deux derives de l'insuline bovine ont ete obtenus par liaison covalente a une ou deux molecules de monoethoxy poly(ethylene glycol) de poids moleculaire de 5000 Da. Des etudes de dichroisme circulaire ont montre que la liaison d'une chaine polymere n'entrainait que des changements negligeables de la structure secondaire du peptide alors qu'une augmentation de la conformation en helice alpha etait observee avec l'autre conjugue. Des etudes de proteolyse realisees avec la trypsine, la chimotrypsine et la pepsine ont montre une stabilite significativement plus elevee des conjugues par rapport au peptide natif; en outre, la stabilite vis-a-vis des esterases depend du nombre de chaines polymeres fixees au peptide. Le peptide natif est totalement degrade apres 3 h d'incubation en presence d'enzymes proteolytiques; dans les memes conditions une degradation de 67, 65 et 100% est obtenue dans le cas du derive renfermant un poly(ethylene glycol), et une degradation de 0, 28 et 0% est obtenue avec le derive a deux poly(ethylene glycols) apres incubation avec respectivement la trypsine, la chimotrypsine et la pepsine. Des etudes in vivo realisees par administration sous cutanee et intra-veineuse du peptide natif ou modifie a des rats diabetiques ont montre que la conjugaison avec le polymere pouvait modifier l'effet hypoglycemique de l'hormone. L'administration intra-veineuse du derive renfermant une molecule de polymere presente une activite maximale environ 10% plus faible que l'hormone native, tandis qu'une reduction d'environ 20% de l'activite maximale est observee avec le conjugue a deux molecules de polymere. En revanche, apres administration sous cutanee l'effet hypoglycemique obtenu avec le conjugue a une molecule de polymere est tout a fait comparable a celui de l'insuline native, tandis que l'autre conjugue presente une efficacite significativement plus faible bien que l'effet pharmacologique puisse etre maintenu pendant un temps prolonge.
Clinical Investigations SQSTM1 and Paget's Disease of Bone

Mutations in the Sequestosome 1 gene (SQSTM1; also known as p62) have recently been identified as the cause of 5q35-linked Paget's disease of bone (PDB). All of the mutations identified to date af- fect the ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domain of SQSTM1, a region of the protein that binds noncova- lently to ubiquitin. In this review we consider the pos- sible functional significance of the SQSTM1-ubiquitin interaction, and consequences of the SQSTM1 UBA domain mutations. Clarification of the in vivo roles of SQSTM1 in bone-cell function will be central to improving our understanding of the molecular patho- genesis of PDB and related conditions.
An invasive tree facilitates the persistence of native rodents on an over‐grazed floodplain in tropical Australia

In an ecosystem under simultaneous threat from multiple alien species, one invader may buffer the impact of another. Our surveys on a remote floodplain in the Kimberley region of north western Australia show that invasive chinee apple trees (Ziziphus mauritiana) provide critical refuge habitat for native rodents (pale field rats, Rattus tunneyi). Feral horses (Equus caballus) have trampled most of the remaining floodplain, but are excluded from the area around each chinee apple tree by thorny foliage. Although chinee apple trees constituted 50% of trees that harboured rat burrows. The mean number of burrows under each chinee apple tree was twice as high as under most other tree species, and we trapped more than seven times as many rats under chinee apple trees as under other types of trees. The extensive burrow systems under chinee apple trees contained female as well as male rats, whereas we only captured males around the smaller burrow systems under other tree species. Our data suggest that this invasive tree plays a critical role in the persistence of pale field rat populations in this degraded ecosystem, and that managers should maintain these trees (despite their alien origins) at least until feral horses have been removed.
Comparative Study Between the Effects of the Synthetic Fungicide Mancozeb and the Biological Fungicide Plant Quard on Allium cepa plant

Pesticides constitute a heterogeneous category of chemical specifically designed for the control of plant diseases. Pests cause annually a drastic loss of the economical crops allover the world. The wide production and use of chemical pesticides causes a serious pollution to the surrounding environment. These chemicals, a part from affecting the target pest, also affect economical plants, animals and human. Many investigators studied the mutagenic potentialities of pesticides using different systems (Njagi and Goplan, 1981; Datta et al., 1995; Barakat, 1997; Biscardi et al., 2003; Bolognesi, 2003; Dane and Dalgic, 2005; Kaymak and Muranli, 2005; Singh, 2007). Higher plants provide valuable genetic assay systems for screening and monitoring of genotoxic agents and have recognized as excellent indicators of mutagenic effects (Grant and Owens, 2002 and 2006). Allium cepa and Vicia faba chromosomal aberration bioassay is an efficient and reliable short-term bioassay for the rapid screening of chemicals for clastogencity (Ma, 1982; Grant 1982 &1994; Kanaya et al., 1994; Abdel Migid et al., 2007). Man today is concerned very much with the pollution of his environment. The field of environmental mutagenesis still needs more efforts in order to evaluate many thousands of pollutants that are released every day in our environment. Biological control agents for plant disease are currently being examined as alternative to synthetic pesticides due to their perceived increased level of safety and minimal environmental impacts. Species of Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis have been used as effective biological control agents against some diseases. Trichoderma are commercially applied as biological control agents based on the production of some metabolites such as trichothecin, nonanoic acid and the enzyme α-1,3 or 1-6 glucanase (Antonia-Gallo et al., 2004; Madhu-Aneja et al., 2005; Montero et al., 2005; Sanz et al., 2005). Also, a cyclic lipopeptide compound (iturin A) produced by Bacillus subtilis has strong antifungal properties and low mammalian toxicity (Klich, et al., 1994; Nagorska et al., 2007). The present investigation was planned to compare the effect of the synthetic fungicide mancozeb with the biological fungicide plant guard on the mitotic activity and percentage of different parameters of the cell cycle in root tips of Allium cepa. Also, the capacity of these fungicides to induce chromosomal aberration and change in seed protein electrophoretic profiles were investigated.
Taxonomic mapping of Tabanidae (Diptera: Tabanidae) from Darjeeling Himalaya, a part of Indo-Burmese biodiversity hotspot

Abstract The family Tabanidae includes horse flies (referred to flies of genus Tabanus), deer flies (Chrysops) and clegs (Haematopota). They are mainly popular in this tropical climate for their disease-causing abilities and one of those important disease that even may lead to fatal consequences in cattle animals is Surra disease that causes havoc in wild and livestocks in this region. A total of 22 tabanid species under 5 genera, 4 tribes and 3 subfamilies so far known from Darjeeling district of West Bengal, are keyed and diagnosed. Their distribution patterns are discussed wherever deemed necessary. Among them, single genus namely Hybomitra Enderlein, 1922 and four species are reported for the first time from this district and also from the state of West Bengal. Moreover, there is scope for taxonomic studies on this group of flies in this important biodiversity hot spot of northeastern Himalaya since it falls under diverse Indo-Malayan biome. Most of the species are however expected to exhibit extensive distribution pattern in the long run, as more extensive taxonomic and ecological studies are due on this interesting group of biting flies of veterinary importance.
Geographic analysis for supporting conservation strategies of crop wild relatives

Crop wild relatives are important for agriculture due to the genetic richness they possess. They have been used in plant breeding to develop high yielding varieties; varieties with improved resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and enhanced nutritional content. Securing their conservation in the long-term is critical to enable the continuous development of crops’ varieties able to respond to future challenges. The work presented in this thesis is a contribution to the effort of understanding the ex situ conservation gaps of crop wild relatives, their expected response to climate change and their needs for conservation. Methods used in this thesis include species distribution modelling, gap analyses, a case study assessing the preliminary IUCN Red List categories, species distribution projections onto future climate change scenarios, and an estimation of the global value of crop wild relatives based on their likelihood of being used in plant breeding, and the contributions of their associated crops to human diets and agricultural production systems. The methods used here can be applied to more crop genepools for global conservation planning, and can also be adapted for analysis at the regional and national level. The results presented here are being used to improve the conservation of the wild relatives of 29 crops.
Effect of cold and drought stress on blueberry dehydrin accumulation

Summary Dehydrins are a group of plant proteins which respond to any type of stress that causes dehydration at the cellular level, such as cold and drought stress. Previously, three dehydrins of 65, 60, and 14.kDa were identified as the predominant proteins present in cold acclimated blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosumLinn.) floral buds. Levels were shown to increase with cold acclimation and decrease with deacclimation and resumption of growth. In the present study, to determine if dehydrins are induced in other organs in response to low temperature treatment (48C) and in response to drought, accumulation of dehydrins was examined in leaves, stems, and roots of two cultivars and one wild selection (a V. corymbosum cultivar, a V. ashei Reade cultivar, and a V. darrowi Camp selection) of blueberry by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) followed by immunoblotting. Cold treatment involved placing plants in a cold room maintained at 48C for five weeks; drought stress was imposed by withholding water from potted, greenhouse-grown plants for 34.d. Relative water content (RWC) of shoots was determined periodically throughout the drought treatment. Dehydrins accumulated with both cold and drought stress but their molecular masses varied depending upon blueberry species. Dehydrins accumulated to higher levels in stems and roots than in leaves with cold stress and to higher levels in stems than in either roots or leaves with drought stress. Furthermore, cold treatment combined with dark treatment induced higher levels of dehydrins than cold treatment combined with a 10.h light/14.h dark photoperiod, suggesting that dehydrins may be responsive to changes in photoperiod as well. In the cold-stress experiment, the level of dehydrin accumulation was correlated with expected level of plant cold hardiness in the three genotypes. In the drought stress experiment, dehydrins accumulated prior to significant changes in RWC, and dehydrin levels did not appear to be closely correlated with RWC either among or within genotypes.
Endangered and Threatened Crayfishes (Decapoda: Cambaridae) of Ohio 1

Field studies during the past five years indicate that the crayfish Orconectes obscurus (Hagen) is not an endangered species. However, the introduction of 0. rusticus (Hagen) into Sunfish Creek has almost eliminated 0. obscurus from this watershed. Orconectes sloanii Bundy is considered threatened because it has not been collected recently from many localities where it was found formerly. Additional information is needed to determine the status of four other taxa. Orconectes virilis (Hagen) occurs only in the East Branch of the Chagrin River. This stream should be investigated to determine if 0. rusticus is eliminating 0. virilis. Orconectes propinquus (Girard) apparently has been extirpated from the Maumee, Portage, Sandusky, and Rocky rivers. The status of this species in the Grand and Ashtabula rivers and Conneaut Creek is unknown. Orconectes sanbornii erismophorous Hobbs & Fitzpatrick has been collected from only one locality in the lower Scioto River basin. The taxonomic status and distribution of what has been called 0. juvenilis (Hagen) in Ohio needs special attention. This species is either 0. spinosus (Bundy) or a closely related undescribed species that has been collected, usually in small numbers, from the Little Miami River, lower Scioto River, and Eagle and Pine creeks in southern Ohio.
Utilisation d'animaux sentinelles dans l'évaluation de la lutte contre les vecteurs de la maladie du sommeil: premiers résultats dans un foyer congolais

: A large-scale control trial against Glossina palpalis palpalis was carried out in the Congo using a new trapping technique. In the same way a test related to the experimental utilization of sentinel animals was performed, concurrently to the classical epidemiological and entomological evaluation. 564 domestic animals (pigs, sheep, goats) were examined parasitologically (wet blood films, Woo/HCT) and serologically (Testryps CATT) in six villages. When a drastic reduction of tsetse populations was achieved (i.e. zero point of apparent density) a parasitological negativation was first noted after one year and a complete serological negativation was observed after two years. If only a relative decrease in the vector's apparent densities occurred, it was related with a lower of sero-parasitological prevalence rate. The use of a serological test which was able to detect Trypanosoma congolense antibodies as the Testryp CATT, is a particularly useful technique for estimating the animal transmission level. These first results give some arguments that a parasitological and serological continuous of sentinel animals as pigs and sheep is a useful mean for evaluating the efficiency of a control campaign against sleeping sickness vectors.
Assessment of eutrophication in a subtropical lagoon in the Gulf of California

Understanding the susceptibility of coastal ecosystems to nutrient loads from anthropogenic sources and the extent of eutrophication in subtropical and tropical estuaries is still a challenge. This study assessed eutrophication in Guaymas Bay, a subtropical lagoon that receives nutrient-rich urban wastewater discharges. Eutrophication was evaluated by means of the Assessment of Estuarine Trophic Status model. Our results showed that the trophic status of Guaymas Bay was “good. ” It is important to consider that: (1) the dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a levels observed are indicative of a healthy ecosystem, and (2) the key factors explaining this finding are the high susceptibility to eutrophication of the lagoon and the dominance of macroalgae species that respond to nutrient enrichment. This implies that the Overall Eutrophic Condition Index of the Assessment of Estuarine Trophic Status model is a valuable tool for use as an eutrophication indicator based on the abundance of primary producers (macroalgae and phytoplankton). One source of uncertainty in the application of the model to this semi-arid coastal lagoon deals with estimating its susceptibility to eutrophication. The model showed that the lagoon is a highly sensitive ecosystem; however, significant factors are in place, such as an adequate water exchange, that reduce its susceptibility to eutrophication. In conclusion, the trophic status observed at Guaymas Bay is acceptable; however, an environmental management plan is necessary to prevent any adverse effects of eutrophication.
THE POLYMORPHIC FORMS OF MELITTOBIA CHALYBII ASHMEAD AND THE DETERMINING FACTORS INVOLVED IN THEIR PRODUCTION. (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA, EULOPHIDÆ)

1. The parasitic chalcid Melittobia chalybii Ashm. occurs in two forms, the type-form and the short-lived or second-form. The production of one or the other of these two forms is determined by the trophic conditions obtaining during the growth of the larva. A third form of female was obtainable experimentally and very rarely in the normal cultures.2. The males of the second-form differ from the type-form in their darker color and in the more aborted condition of their optic organs. The females of the second-form differ from typical females in their lighter color, in the failure of their wings to spread upon emerging from the pupa, in the large swollen condition of the abdomen which is full of ripe eggs at the time of emergence, and in the shortness of their imaginal life. Both sexes of the second-form emerge as adults in a minimum of fourteen days after oviposition compared with the ninety days required for the development of individuals of the type-form.3. The life history is as follows: A female of the .
Electrical-potential difference and sodium ion fluxes across the integument of Corophium volutator (Crustacea; Amphipoda), a euryhaline hyperosmotic regulator

1.Measurements of electrical-potential difference (TEP) and Na + efflux, across the integument have been made for Corophium volutator acclimated to 85 or 15%SW. 2.The TEP of acclimated animals in 85 or 15%SW is l.4mV or 11.1 mV respectively (haemolymph negative). For acclimated animals, unidirectional Na + efflux is 154.3 nmol mg −1 body weight h −1 in 85%SW [efflux rate constant (k) = 0.70 h-1] and approximately 35.5 nmol mg −1 h −1 in 15%SW (k = 0.50h −1 in 10%SW). 3.The results indicate that Na + and Cl − are passively distributed across the ion-permeable (gill) integument of acclimated animals in 85%SW, but that active uptake of Cl − , and possibly Na + also, occurs across the gills of acclimated animals in 15%SW. The ion transport mechanisms appear to effect electroneutral transfers across the gill integumental epithelium. 4. Corophium volutator gill integument has a high permeability to ions; permeability to Na + (P Na ) is 7.5×10 −8 ms −1 , and the ratio P Cl /P Na is 0.45, for animals acclimated to either salinity. The resistance of the gill epithelium of acclimated animals has been calculated to be 5.3×10 −3 Ωm 2 and 2.0×10 −2 Ωm 2 in 85 and 15%SW respectively.