Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Shiitake (Lentinus edodes P.) Mushroom Powder and Sodium Tripolyphosphate on Texture and Flavor of Pork Patties

Increasing consumer desire for functional food ingredients, including such PRODUCTS as shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes P.) powder (SM), demands that the sensory impact of such ingredients be tested in an appropriate food system. Pork patties are a common food in many Asian countries. Pork patties in this study were prepared with and without SM, an ingredient that is gaining popularity around the world. A lexicon for describing the texture and flavor of cooked pork patties, with and without 0.5% sodium tripolyphosphate (STP), a typical additive to meat, and with varying amounts of SM (0% to 6%) was developed by a highly trained panel to compare sensory properties for each type of patty. The attributes evaluated were juiciness, toughness, rubberiness, mealiness, pork identity (pork ID), meatiness, mushroom, onion, garlic, black pepper, heat/burn, soapy, chemical, animal hair, fatty, salty, sour, bitter, slick, and astringent. An addition of 0.5% STP produced more intense ratings for soapy, salty, sour, and astringent attributes. Without STP, patties containing shiitake mushroom powder had a more mealy consistency but more pork ID than they did with STP.
Combination of Cobe AutoPBSC and Gambro Elutra as a platform for monocyte enrichment in dendritic cell (DC) therapy: Clinical study

Monocytes are a common source for generating dendritic cells (DCs). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of a platform for monocyte collection and enrichment in a clinical setting. The platform was based on the combination of two semiautomated devices; the Cobe Spectra Auto PBSC for mononuclear cells (MNC) collection followed by counterflow elutriation for monocyte enrichment (Gambro BCT Elutra). Twenty‐four patients with various types of epithelial cancer participated in the study. MNC collections were first performed as large volume leukapheresis (LVL). Subsequently, MNC products were processed with an elutriation system for monocyte isolation. LVL resulted in the collection of MNC at a median of 8.1 × 109 cells, containing of 31.4% monocytes. A similar efficacy was also shown in patients with lower peripheral blood counts. Elutriation of the MNC product with the Cobe Elutra device resulted in the enrichment of monocytes at a median of 2.7 × 109 cells, with a recovery of 80.2% and a purity of 90.7%. These monocytes were then successfully developed into DCs for clinical therapy after in vitro manipulation. These data suggest that the combination of the Cobe Spectra Auto PBSC and the Gambro BCT Elutra is an effective platform for monocyte enrichment in clinical practice according to GCP standards and GMP guidelines, and can be easily implemented in the clinical routine under current DC protocols. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of automated office blood pressure measurement to reduce the white coat response

Objective To examine the possibility of reducing the white coat response using an automated sphygmomanometer designed for office use, the BpTRU. Consecutive patients referred from physicians in the community to an ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) monitoring unit in an academic hospital were included in the study. Participants and methods A total of 309 patients referred for diagnosis or management of hypertension were studied. Differences between mean awake ABP and BP readings taken by the patient's own physician using a manual sphygmomanometer or the automated BpTRU device with the patient resting alone in the ABP monitoring unit were compared. Results BP recorded in the examining room using an automated device (132 ± 19/75 ± 12) was similar to the mean awake ABP (134 ± 12/77 ± 10) with both values being lower (P < 0.001) than the BP recorded on a routine visit to the patient's own family physician (152 ± 18/87 ± 11). The coefficient of correlation between the systolic/diastolic ABP and the automated office BP (r = 0.62/0.72) was higher (P < 0.001) than with the family physician's manual BP (r = 0.32/0.48). The prevalence of white coat hypertension in untreated patients (n = 146) was significantly (P < 0.001) lower with automated office BP (16%) compared with the routine family physician BP (55%). Conclusion The white coat response associated with office BP measurements can be virtually eliminated by recording BP with the automated BpTRU device with patients resting alone in a quiet examining room.
Holter monitoring for dizziness and syncope in old age.

Among 509 patients referred to our Institute for Holter monitoring, between 1st September, 1982-30th October, 1983, 28 patients aged 65-90 (mean 76) were referred for dizziness and syncope. There were 17 men and 11 women. Seven patients had a M.I. in their past, 4 angina pectoris, 5 hypertension, 4 aortic stenosis or aortic insufficiency or both, hemodynamically significant, one had mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and one transient ischemic attacks (TIA). In our series 16 out of 28 patients received digoxin and antiarrhythmic drugs (quinidine, propranolol, procainamide, Neo-gilurythmal, amiodarone), 2 of them digoxin and quinidine in full doses and one digoxin and amiodarone. Other drugs administered to our patients included Aldomin, Isordil, Lasix, aminophylin, cromoglycate etc. In 10 patients (35.7%) we found complex ventricular arrhythmias (7 with M.I., 3 patients of 4 with significant aortic valve lesion, 2 patients of 2 with left anterior hemiblock (LAH), 1 patient with MVP, 1 patient with TIA). In another 5 patients (17.8%) we found atrial fibrillation, fast rhythm (2 with chronic obstructive lung disease, 2 with hypertension and 1 in post M.I.) which explained their symptomatology. From our data we conclude that the pluripathology found in old age as well as the multimedication administered, cause a plurietiology of syncope, arrhythmias playing an important role in its determination, in this particular age group.
Prediction of Secondary School Students’ Alcohol Addiction using Random Forest

Teenage alcohol addiction poses a major problem to the wellbeing of the individual as well as the society. Prevention of this requires identifying the factors causing this addiction. The existing systems mainly rely on decision trees and are able to isolate the factors causing the addiction. The proposed system will be able to predict whether a student with a set of conditions will get addicted to alcohol or not with high accuracy and thereby verify the extent to which the isolated factors are correct. General Terms Data mining, Student characteristics dataset
ECGSIM: an Interactive Tool for the Study of the Relation between the Electric Activity of the Heart and the QRST Waveforms at the Body Surface

ECGSIM is an interactive computer program that solves the forward problem of electrocardiology. The user may set the depolarization and repolarization times at the heart surface, as well as the transmembrane potential amplitude. The program computes the resulting ECGs at the body surface. In this way, the effect of changes of the electric activity of the heart on the ECG can be studied. ECGSIM may be downloaded, free of charge, from the web.
Blunted cardiac autonomic responsiveness to hypoxemic stress in healthy older adults.

Supine resting cardiac dynamics and responses to steady-state hypoxemia were investigated in six healthy older (59-72 yrs) adults using coarse-graining spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) and were compared to six young (22-29 yrs) adults studied previously (Lucy et al., 2000). End-tidal carbon dioxide pressure (PETCO2) was clamped at 1-2 mmHg above the usual resting value for 11 min of euoxia (PETO2 100 mmHg), followed by 22 min of hypoxia (PETO2 55 mmHg). During euoxia, vagally mediated harmonic and fractal power of HRV of older adults was minimal. Hypoxia induced an increase in ventilation, p < 0.01, and heart rate, p < 0.05. The heart rate increase (mean +/- SE) of 0.23 +/- 0.08 beats.min-1 per 1% decrease in arterial O2 saturation was 25% of that demonstrated previously by young subjects, p < 0.001. In older adults, HRV spectral power remained unchanged during hypoxia, providing further evidence of an age-related blunting of cardiac autonomic function.
Application of the Optimal Discovery Procedure to Genetic Case-Control Studies: Comparison with p Values and Asymptotic Bayes Factors

Objectives: The power of genetic association studies is limited by stringent levels of statistical significance. To improve power, Bayes factors (BFs) have been suggested as an alternative measure to the p value, and Storey recently introduced an optimal discovery procedure (ODP) for multiple testing. We aimed to adapt the ODP to genetic case-control studies and to compare its power to p values and asymptotic BFs (ABFs). Methods: We propose estimators of the ODP based on prospective and retrospective likelihoods. We performed simulations based on independent common SNPs and on sequence data including rare variants. Effects of causal SNPs were simulated under various distributions of effect size. Results: The true ODP is never outperformed, but the estimated ODP has similar power to p values and ABFs. For common SNPs the ODP offers power advantages only in extreme scenarios. However, for rare variants the ODP and ABF detect more associations at low false-positive rates than do p values. Conclusions: The ODP can provide higher power than p values for genetic case-control studies of common variants. However, as the ABF has similar power to the ODP and is computed more rapidly, it is our currently preferred method.
L'hypothalamus latéral contiendrait le générateur principal du sommeil paradoxal : arguments neuroanatomiques et pharmacologiques chez le rat

Les mecanismes neurologiques responsables du declenchement et de l’homeostasie du sommeil, et du sommeil paradoxal (SP) en particulier, sont l’objet d’un nombre toujours plus important d’etudes du fait notamment de l’attention croissante portee aux pathologies associees. Les travaux rapportes dans cette these s’inscrivent parfaitement dans cette dynamique puisqu’ils ont pour objectif de mieux caracteriser les populations neuronales mises en jeu dans la regulation du SP ainsi que leurs interactions. Dans cette optique, nous avons combine differentes approches techniques complementaires a savoir : neuroanatomie fonctionnelle, polysomnographie et pharmacologie sur animal libre de se mouvoir. Nous avons ainsi pu demontrer pour la premiere fois la nature glutamatergique des neurones du SLD, region pontique jouant un role central dans la mise en place du SP. De plus, s’il est generalement admis que ces neurones du SLD sont sous le controle de neurones GABAergiques situes au niveau de la partie ventrolaterale de la substance grise periaqueducale (VLPAG), le controle de ces derniers est encore soumis a controverse. Les resultats que nous avons obtenus suggerent fortement que l’aire laterale de l’hypothalamus (LH) serait responsable de ce controle et donc de celui du SP. En effet, la LH est l’afference majeure a la VLPAG activee lors d’une hypersomnie de SP. En outre, son inactivation par application locale de muscimol entraine la disparition totale du SP et l’activation des neurones GABAergiques de la VLPAG projetant sur le SLD. En parallele, nous avons etudie le role du noyau reticule paragigantocellulaire dorsal (DPGi) dans la genese du SP. Bien que le DPGi fut deja connu pour etre responsable de l’inhibition du locus coeruleus (LC) durant les phases de SP, nous apportons ici un certain nombre d’arguments suggerant que le DPGi pourrait etre responsable de l’inhibition, non seulement du LC, mais egalement de l’ensemble des neurones adrenergiques et noradrenergiques. Cela suggere donc que ce noyau joue egalement un role majeur dans la regulation du SP. Les donnees rapportees dans cette these permettent donc de mieux apprehender les mecanismes neuronaux controlant la survenue et la regulation du SP. En particulier, ils apportent de nouvelles donnees en faveur d’un role central de l’hypothalamus dans la regulation du SP puisqu’il constituerait le generateur principal de cet etat.
Potential uptake and correlates of willingness to use a supervised smoking facility for noninjection illicit drug use

Many cities are experiencing infectious disease epidemics and substantial community harms as a result of illicit drug use. Although medically supervised smoking facilities (SSFs) remain untested in North America, local health officials in Vancouver are considering to prepare a submission to Health Canada for an exemption to open Canada’s first SSF for evaluation. Reluctance of health policymakers to initiate a pilot study of SSFs may be due in part to outstanding questions regarding the potential uptake and community impacts of the intervention. This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence and correlates of willingness to use an SSF among illicit drug smokers who are enrolled in the Vancouver Injection Drug Users Study. Participants who reported actively smoking cocaine, heroin, or methamphetamine who returned for follow-up between June 2002 and December 2002 were eligible for these analyses. Those who reported willingness to use an SSF were compared with those who were unwilling to use an SSF by using logistic regression analyses. Four hundred and forty-three participants were eligible for this study. Among respondents, 124 (27,99%) expressed willingness to attend an SSF. Variables that were independently associated with willingness to attend an SSF in multivariate analyses included sex-trade work (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=1.85), crack pipe sharing (AOR=2.24), and residing in the city’s HIV epicentre (AOR=1.64). We found that participants who demonstrated a willingness to attend an SSF were more likely to be involved in the sex trade and share crack pipes. Although the impact of SSFs in North America can only be quantified by scientific evaluation, these data indicate a potential for public health and community benefits if SSFs were to become available.
The Effect of a Balance Training Program on the Risk of Ankle Sprains in High School Athletes

Background Ankle sprains are the most common musculoskeletal injuries that occur in athletes, and they have a profound impact on health care costs and resources. Hypothesis A balance training program can reduce the risk of ankle sprains in high school athletes. Study Design Randomized controlled clinical trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods Seven hundred and sixty-five high school soccer and basketball players (523 girls and 242 boys) were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (27 teams, 373 subjects) that participated in a balance training program or to a control group (28 teams, 392 subjects) that performed only standard conditioning exercises. On-site athletic trainers recorded athlete exposures and sprains. Results The rate of ankle sprains was significantly lower for subjects in the intervention group (6.1%, 1.13 of 1000 exposures vs 9.9%, 1.87 of 1000 exposures; P = .04). Athletes with a history of an ankle sprain had a 2-fold increased risk of sustaining a sprain (risk ratio, 2.14), whereas athletes who performed the intervention program decreased their risk of a sprain by one half (risk ratio, 0.56). The ankle sprain rate for athletes without previous sprains was 4.3% in the intervention group and 7.7% in the control group, but this difference was not significant (P = .059). Conclusion A balance training program will significantly reduce the risk of ankle sprains in high school soccer and basketball players.
Modeling Energy Consumption, CO2 Emissions and Economic Growth Nexus in Ethiopia: Evidence from ARDL Approach to Cointegration and Causality Analysis

Energy consumption is one of the important inputs to the production process. Energy consumption and energy supplied from fossil fuels in production process cause CO2 emissions and environmental deterioration. Due to this fact achieving economic development and environmental sustainability simultaneously is one of the most significant development challenges for Africa today. Formulation of sound economic development and environmental sustainability policy needs knowing the relationship among energy use, economic growth and environmental quality. This study examines the relationship among economic growth, energy consumption, financial development, trade openness, urbanization, population and CO2 emissions over the period of 1970–2014 in case of Ethiopia. The PP, ADF, KPSS, Zivot-Andrews and Clemente, Montanes and Reyes unit root tests were used to test the stationarity of the variables under consideration. The ARDL cointegration technique for establishing the existence of a long-run relationship and Toda-Yamamoto approach to determine the direction of causality between the variables were used. The results show that cointegration exists among the variables. Energy consumption, population, trade openness and economic growth have statistically significant positive impact on CO2 in the long-run while economic growth squared compacts CO2 emissions. This supports validity of the EKC hypothesis in Ethiopia. In the short-run urbanization and energy consumption intensify environmental degradation. Toda-Yamamoto granger causality results indicate the feedback relationship between energy consumption, CO2 emissions and urbanization. Financial development, population and urbanization cause economic growth while economic growth causes CO2 emissions. Causality runs from energy consumption to financial development, urbanization and population which in turn cause economic growth. Form the result, CO2 emissions extenuation policy in Ethiopia should focus on environmentally friendly growth, enhancing consumption of clean energy, incorporating the impact of population growth, urbanization, trade and financial development.
Diagnosis of oscillatory process control loops

Among many control loops in industrial process plant, quite a few loops have oscillatory behavior. Root causes of these oscillations are poor controller tuning, inappropriate control structure, external disturbance and valve stiction. Depending on the root cause and the type of controlled variable, time series of several related variables have specific patterns. This paper provides a methodology to diagnose the oscillation using statistical analysis of process measurements. It is not very difficult to diagnose the root cause if the control loop has the measurement of the valve position. But the valve position is not often measured. The proposed method does not use the valve position but use only the signals that are always available. The method is successfully demonstrated on simulation and industrial data
Classification of multi speaker shouted speech and single speaker normal speech

This work proposes a method for the shouted and multi speaker's vs normal and single speaker's speech classification, which is the most frequently occurring scenario in news debates. In this work, multi speaker shouted and single speaker normal speech classes are addressed as shouted and normal speech, respectively. Spectral features and source features are explored for the classification task. The source characteristics are studied in terms of strength of excitation (SoE). Spectral flux, spectral tilt, sum of ten largest spectral peaks (STLP), modulation spectrum energy (ModSE) and Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) are explored as the spectral features. Shouted and normal speech are classified using two approaches. In the first approach, these features, except MFCCs, are non-linearly mapped and combined using a threshold based technique. In the second approach, a predefined radial basis function (RBF) kernel based Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is used for the classification task on the extracted features. The performance evaluation is done in terms of F-Score. The performance is also evaluated on the basis of leave one out analysis to measure the strength of a particular feature for this task. By leave one out analysis, SoE is the most important feature among all one-dimensional features. When all the features are combined for classification, F-score of forty four dimensional feature is highest.
LACTATE PRODUCTION AND REMOVAL AND THE REGULATION OF METABOLISM*

For the past 40 years, blood levels of lactate or of lactate and pyruvate have been used as an index of the extent of anaerobic stress to which a whole animal has been subjected or to which individual organs of that animal have been subjected. Furthermore, the removal of this lactate or lactate and pyruvate is considered to be closely associated with or causally related to the increased metabolism occurring during the recovery processes. The development of these ideas will be reviewed, along with experiments which suggest the purely accidental nature of correlations which have been reported. Finally, experiments on tissue slices will be reported which implicate regulatory systems other than lactate or lactate and pyruvate. During exercise, oxygen consumption increases. Following the exercise there is a gradual return to control levels. In the initial phases of the work plasma lactate rises. When the work has ceased the lactate disappears a t a rate similar to the decrement in oxygen consumption. ’ This general relationship is seen in FIGURE 1. During the period of exercise the muscles go into debt for oxygen despite the substantial increase in metabolism. The debt occurs because the cardiac output is not adequate to supply the oxygen necessary for the energy requirements of the muscle. The energy which would have been made available by the oxygen missed is supplied by anaerobic energy production provided from the breakdown of glucose or glycogen to lactate. Lactate accumulation is the security for the debt and forces the repayment. ’ In the recovery process, the excess consumption is used to oxidize part of the lactate, thus providing the energy for the resynthesis of the remaining lactate. In this analysis, the excess consumption of recovery is exactly equal to the oxygen missed during exercise. Hill and Meyerhof deduced that the lactic acid which appeared in the blood was an index of the 02 missed during exercise (i.e., of tissue anoxia) and that the removal of this lactate was directly responsible for the postexercise excess consumption. The idea of an “oxygen debt” for tissues which then required repayment was based on the following experiments. Meyerhof‘ demonstrated that the excess RQ of-recovery in isolated exercised frog muscle was unity; thus only carbohydrate is burned. During stimulation to fatigue glycogen disappears in the same amount that lactic acid appears, while during recovery the removal of lactic acid is associated with the resynthesis of glycogen. Only three-fourths of the lactic acid removed in recovery is
Quality & Safety in the time of Coronavirus—Design Better, Learn Faster

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has required health systems to change much faster than normal. Many staff have experienced training in quality improvement and patient safety methods which can be used to support the design of new systems and to accelerate learning about new and adapted practices. This article sets out the principles of quality improvement and patient safety science, applying them in a selection of approaches, methods and tools which may be useful in crisis situations such as the current pandemic. The article also makes reference to several resources which may be of use to those keen to advance their knowledge.