Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of a Specific Competitive Antagonist of Angiotensin II on Arterial Pressure and Adrenal Steroid Secretion in Dogs

An angiotensin II analog, 1-sarcosine-8-alanine-angiotensin II, has been shown to block both the vasoconstrictor and steroidogenic effects of exogenously given angiotensin II in the dog. The effects of this angiotensin II antagonist on arterial blood pressure, plasma renin activity, and adrenal steroid secretion were studied in normal dogs, sodium-depleted dogs, and in dogs with thoracic caval constriction. The intravenous infusion of this compound into seven anesthetized, sodium-depleted dogs and into five anesthetized dogs with caval constriction resulted in a striking decrease in arterial blood pressure and in aldosterone secretion and a rise in plasma renin activity. Infusion of the angiotensin analog into three conscious dogs with caval constriction produced essentially the same decrease in arterial pressure as observed in the anesthetized dogs with caval constriction. As a control study six normal anesthetized dogs received the angiotensin antagonist, but it failed to reduce arterial pressure or to influence plasma renin activity. These results suggest that angiotensin II plays an important role in the maintenance of arterial blood pressure during situations of low cardiac output by acting on receptor sites in arteriolar smooth muscle and in the adrenal cortex.
Effect of whole and demucilaged linseed in broiler chicken diets on digesta viscosity, nutrient utilisation and intestinal microflora

1. A study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of linseed or demucilaged linseed in the diet on the performance, fat and fatty acid digestibilities, metabolisability of gross energy and intestinal microflora. 2. The dietary inclusions were 80 and 160 g/kg for linseed and 160 g/kg for demucilaged linseed. Diets were given to chickens from 1 to 23 d of age. 3. Incorporation of linseed in the diet, particularly at 160 g/kg, depressed weight gain and food utilisation. Digestibility of fat and single fatty acids and dietary metabolisable energy were reduced. 4. Inclusion of linseed in the diet markedly increased the viscosity of ileal digesta. Microbial activity in the ileum and caeca was not greatly affected, but there was a significant increase in the number of lactobacilli. 5. The antinutritional effects caused by feeding linseed were partially overcome by substituting demucilaged linseed for linseed in the diet. 6. Results from the current study suggest that the viscous properties of mucilage are a major factor in the observed antinutritional effects of linseed through increasing intestinal viscosity. Such effects might also be mediated by the gut microflora.
TCP network coding with forward retransmission

The performance of the transmission control protocol (TCP) with loss-based congestion control is considerably degraded in lossy networks (e.g., wireless networks). Implementing a network coding (NC) with TCP (TCP/NC) helps prevent this performance degradation by introducing lost packet recovery capability without retransmission at a sink by sending redundant combination packets encoded at the source. TCP/NC can recover random lost packets. However, TCP/NC is less effective when burst packet losses occur because it requires packet retransmission and the retransmission mechanism of the standard TCP/NC entirely relies on the TCP layer. To improve the goodput of a system, we propose a new mechanism in the NC layer called forward retransmission that can retransmit more than one lost packet simultaneously and efficiently. We simulated the proposed mechanism using Network Simulator 3. The results demonstrate that the proposed scheme improves the goodput of a system compared with the standard TCP/NC and TCP NewReno in a burst loss channel.
A randomized controlled study of single-session behavioural treatment of earthquake-related post-traumatic stress disorder using an earthquake simulator

Background. Brief interventions are needed in dealing with traumatic stress problems in large survivor populations after devastating earthquakes. The present study examined the effectiveness of a single session of exposure to simulated tremors in an earthquake simulator and self-exposure instructions in reducing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Method. Participants were consecutively recruited from among survivors screened during field surveys in the disaster region in Turkey. Thirty-one earthquake survivors with PTSD were assigned either to a single session of behavioural treatment (n=16) or to repeated assessments (RA; n=15). Assessments in the treatment group were at 4, 8, 12, 24 weeks and 1–2 years post-treatment. The RA cases were assessed at baseline and 4 and 8 weeks after trial entry, after which they received the same treatment and were followed up at 4, 12, 24 weeks and 1–2 years. Results. Between-group treatment effects at week 8 were significant on measures of fear, PTSD and self- and assessor-rated global improvement. Improvement rates were 40% at week 4, 72% at week 12, 80% at week 24, and 80% at 1–2-years' follow-up, with large effect sizes on fear and PTSD measures. Post-session reduction in fear of earthquakes and increased sense of control over fear at follow-up related to improvement in PTSD. Conclusion. The study provided further evidence of the effectiveness of a single session of behavioural treatment in reducing fear and PTSD in earthquake survivors. Future research needs to examine the usefulness of earthquake simulators in increasing psychological preparedness for earthquakes.
Hierarchical Clustering and Sampling Techniques for Network Monitoring

Network monitoring applications are used to monitor network traffic flows. Clustering techniques are used to extract network traffic patterns. Anomaly detection schemes are used to detect network attacks. Hierarchical and partitional clustering schemes are used to analyze network traffic data values. The hierarchical data analysis uses the structure and data values for the clustering process. The patterns are minimized using the summarization techniques.
Synthetic Aperture Ladar (SAL): Fundamental Theory, Design Equations for a Satellite System, and Laboratory Demonstration

Abstract : The carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) resulting from phase-sensitive heterodyne detection in a photon-limited synthetic aperture ladar (SAL) is developed, propagated through synthetic aperture signal processing, and combined with speckle to give the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the resulting image. CNR and SNR are defined in such a way as to be familiar to the optical imaging community. Design equations are presented to allow quick assessment of the hardware parameters required for a notional system, most notably optical aperture sizes and the laser's power, chirp, and pulse rate capabilities. Some tutorial information on phase-sensitive heterodyne detection and synthetic aperture image formation is provided. The first two-dimensional synthetic aperture imaging in the optical domain is demonstrated in a laboratory setting.
Mechanism of Instability in Abortive Cycling by T7 RNA Polymerase*

Abortive transcription, the premature release of short transcripts 2–8 bases in length, is a unique feature of transcription, accompanying the transition from initiation to elongation in all RNA polymerases. The current study focuses on major factors that relate to the stability of initially transcribing abortive complexes in T7 RNA polymerase. Building on previous studies, results reveal that collapse of the DNA from the downstream end of the bubble is a major contributor to the characteristic instability of abortive complexes. Furthermore, transcription from a novel DNA construct containing a nick between positions –14 and –13 of the nontemplate strand suggests that the more flexible promoter reduces somewhat the strain inherent in initially transcribing complexes, with a resulting decrease in abortive product release. Finally, as assessed by exonuclease III footprinting and transcription profiles, a DNA construct defective in bubble collapse specifically from the downstream end exhibits less abortive cycling and little perturbation of the final transition to elongation, including the process of promoter release.
Automated evaluation of website navigability: an empirical validation of multilevel quality models

Websites are an important and efficient means of communication for companies wishing to interact with their clients. Therefore, research has focused on evaluating how websites should be structured to ensure their quality. The majority of this research has focused on evaluating the quality of individual pages or that of a site as a whole. In this article, we propose the use of two‐level models that combine evaluations at the page level with evaluations at the site level, and applied them to the problem of evaluating the navigability of websites. To test our models, we conducted a study with 21 subjects who had to complete navigation tasks on several websites, and compared their quality judgments to those produced by single and two‐level quality models. We found that two‐level models are better predictors of navigability. Finally, we show how two‐level models are able to suggest modifications to improve site navigability. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cardiovascular Complications in HIV Management: Past, Present, and Future

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly improved the prognosis for many individuals with HIV infection. Consequently, HIV infection has become a chronic and manageable disease. The focus on long-term management of patients with HIV infection has broadened to include comorbid conditions, most notably cardiovascular disease. Patients with HIV infection share many cardiovascular risk factors with the general population, and HIV infection itself may increase cardiovascular risk. Changes in lipid profiles associated with increased cardiovascular risk that have been observed with some HAART regimens have been a cause for concern among clinicians who treat HIV-infected patients. However, the lipid effects of HAART seem to depend on the type and duration of regimens employed. They can be managed effectively according to current guidelines that recommend lifestyle changes (eg, improved diet, increased exercise, smoking cessation) and pharmacologic therapy described in established treatment paradigms for patients on antiretroviral therapy and similar to measures currently used by the general population. A review of the clinical data indicates that the virologic and immunologic benefits of HAART clearly outweigh any metabolic effects observed in some patients over time and that preexisting, established cardiovascular risk factors contribute significantly to the potential development of cardiovascular events. These benefits of antiretroviral therapy have been demonstrated in studies comparing the superior efficacy of continuous vs. intermittent HAART.
The business case: collaborating to help employees maintain their mental well-being.

There has been a change in the mindset of businesses in recent years. Companies are starting to realize that proactively helping their employees to maintain mental health is beneficial, both for their workers and their business. In this article, we present three different but complementary views - those of an advocate, an employer and a provider - on helping employees maintain mental, and physical, health. In the first section, Sari Sairanen outlines programs and services to manage stress and maintain mental health that have been developed by the Canadian Auto Workers' union and implemented in partnership with employers, wellness providers, service agencies and other community partners. The union focuses on raising awareness and providing education, as well as removing the stigma associated with mental illness. Deanna Matzanke, in her section, discusses the commitment of a company, Scotiabank, to create and maintain an inclusive and accessible workplace for all its employees. It has recently worked with providers to develop and implement integrated services dealing specifically with mental health illness and addiction, which aid not only its current employees but also possible future employees. Finally, Doug Smeall shares his observations as an insurer at Sun Life Financial, who has seen the rates of both short-term and long-term disabilities increase. He elaborates on the collaborative work between insurers and employers to help employees maintain their mental health, and to return to work sooner when issues do occur. Ultimately, this article argues that unions, employers and insurers can work together with partners and employees to promote and maintain employee health because, as Sairanen asserts, "preventing a problem in the first place is the best strategy. "
Efficacy of oral administration of a modified-live Salmonella Dublin vaccine in calves.

OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy a modified-live Salmonella Dublin vaccine administered PO in an extralabel manner in the prevention of diseases associated with Salmonella Dublin infection. DESIGN Randomized clinical trial. ANIMALS 288 preweaned Holstein dairy calves on a commercial dairy farm. PROCEDURES Calves were orally administered either 2 mL of a commercially available, modified-live Salmonella Dublin vaccine (n = 140) or a placebo (148) at 3 and 10 days of age. Signs of diarrhea and depression were recorded daily. Weight gain between 3 days of age and time of weaning was measured. Fecal samples from clinically depressed or diarrheic calves and fresh tissues samples from calves that died were submitted for bacterial culture of Salmonella organisms. RESULTS Salmonella organisms were isolated from samples of 1.4% (2/140) and 3.4% (5/148) of calves receiving the vaccine and placebo, respectively. Additionally, 57.1% (80/140) and 60.1 % (89/148) of the vaccinated and control calves, respectively, had at least 1 day with an abnormal fecal score. Calves receiving the vaccine and placebo were not significantly different in terms of overall morbidity rate, Salmonella-specific morbidity rate, or average daily gain. Adverse reactions related to administration of the vaccine were not seen. The attenuated vaccine strain was not isolated from any fecal or tissue samples. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This method of vaccination was safe in young Holstein calves, although it was not effective in reducing the incidence of disease or improving weight gain on this farm. However, the power of this study was limited by a low incidence of clinical salmonellosis.
The Duration of Life in Pulmonary Tuberculosis with Cavity.

The material for this article comprises 651 cavity cases diagnosed by physical signs, admitted to the State Sanatorium between 1905 and 1918, and 803 cavity cases diagnosed by X-ray and admitted between 1918 and 1927. The end results on these 1454 cavity cases were compiled according to their condition on January 1, 1927. All the cases were consecutive except as cases were ruled out because of some defect in the histories, because they were known to have died of diseases other than tuberculosis, or because their present condition was unknown. As the present condition of over 97 per cent of the patients originally included in this series was ascertained, the number of cases ruled out because they were lost does not materially affect the percentages. Statistics concerning family history, hemoptysis, pleurisy, age, color, sex and weight pertain to the 651 cavity cases diagnosed by physical signs. FAMILY HISTORY. Of 296 patients with a history of tuberculosis in the family, 83.5 per cent died within 3 years, the average duration of life of the 279 who died being 16.5 months. Of 355 patients with a negative family history, 84.3 per cent died within 3 years, the average duration of life of the 340 who died being 13.4 months.
A Dynamic Mode Decomposition Framework for Global Power System Oscillation Analysis

A global multiscale method based on a dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) algorithm to characterize the global behavior of transient processes recorded using wide-area sensors is proposed. The method interprets global dynamic behavior in terms of both, spatial patterns or shapes and temporal patterns associated with dynamic modes containing essentially single-frequency components, from which the mode shapes, frequencies and growth and decay rates of the modes can be extracted simultaneously. These modes are then used to detect the coherent and dominant structures within the data. The technique is well suited for fast wide-area monitoring and assessment of global instability in the context of modern data fusion-based estimation techniques. Results of the application of the proposed method to large, high-dimensional data sets are encouraging.
Estudio exploratorio de la ocurrencia de huracanes en el Golfo de México en el periódo 1970-2003

En este trabajo se estudia el comportamiento de los sistemas tropicales formados en el Atlantico en el periodo de 1970 al 2003; se establece cuales impactaron en territorio mexicano, estableciendo por meses y zonas el posible impacto. Se desarrolla un modelo de probabilidad de eventos de ocurrencia e impactos utilizando la definicion de frecuencia relativa. Se encontro que los huracanes provenientes de la zona dos y el mes de agosto son los que con mayor frecuencia impactan sobre territorio mexicano.
Elastoplasticity for Sand Animation

We simulate sand dynamics using an elastoplastic, continuum assumption. We demonstrate that the Drucker-Prager plastic flow model combined with a Hencky-strain-based hyperelasticity accurately recreates a wide range of visual sand phenomena with moderate computational expense. We use the Material Point Method (MPM) to discretize the governing equations for its natural treatment of contact, topological change and history dependent constitutive relations. The Drucker-Prager model naturally represents the frictional relation between shear and normal stresses through a yield stress criterion. We develop a stress projection algorithm used for enforcing this condition with a non-associative flow rule that works naturally with both implicit and explicit time integration. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach on examples undergoing large deformation, collisions and topological changes necessary for producing modern visual effects.
A scoping review of ICD-11 adjustment disorder research

ABSTRACT Background: Adjustment disorder (AjD) is one of the most used mental disorder diagnoses among mental health professionals. Important revisions of the AjD definition in the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) are proposed. AjD is included in a chapter of disorders specifically associated with stress in ICD-11. Objective: This paper aims to review recent developments in ICD-11 AjD research, and to discuss the available ICD-11 AjD diagnosis validation studies, AjD measures, treatment studies, and outline the future perspectives for AjD research and clinical practice. Methods: In total, 10 empirical studies of AjD ICD-11 were identified and included in this review. We searched for studies in Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, PILOTS, SocINDEX, and via additional search by contacting authors of published empirical studies and reference screening. Results: Review of the studies revealed a lack of validation studies of the ICD-11 AjD symptom structure. AjD validation study findings are ambiguous, and there is still little support for the proposed two symptom structure of AjD for the ICD-11. A self-report AjD measure ‘Adjustment Disorder New Module’ (ADNM) based on the ICD-11 definition has been developed and used in all 10 reviewed studies. Two self-help interventions have been developed for the ICD-11 AjD, and findings from these studies indicate that self-help low-intensity cognitive-behavioural interventions, delivered via bibliography or internet-based, might be effective treatment of AjD. Conclusions: The AjD definition in ICD-11 with a description of a new symptom profile facilitates AjD measurement and AjD-focused treatment developments. More studies and insights from clinical practice are needed to move the field of AjD research and practice forward.
Form and function: structural analysis in evolutionary morphology

A theoretical approach to the analysis of historical factors (Raup 1972) in evolutionary morphology is presented which addresses transformational hypotheses about structural systems. This (structural) approach to testing historical hypotheses about phylogenetic constraints on form and function and structural and functional versatility involves (1) the reconstruction of nested sets of structural features in monophyletic taxa, (2) the use of general or emergent organizational properties of structural and functional systems (as opposed to uniquely derived morphological features), and (3) the comparative examination of the consequences for structural and functional diversity of these general features in related monophyletic taxa. Three examples of emergent organizational properties are considered: structural complexity, repetition of parts, and the decoupling of primitively constrained systems. Two classes of hypotheses about the evolution of design are proposed. Transformational hypotheses concern historical pathways of change in form as a consequence of general organizational features which are primitive for a lineage. Relational hypotheses involve correlations between structure-function networks primitive for a clade and morphological diversity both between and within terminal taxa. To the extent that transformational and relational hypotheses about form are corroborated, they provide evidence of underlying regularity in the transformation of organic design that may be a consequence of the hierarchical organization of structural and functional patterns in organisms.
Analysis of the Double-Layer Printed Spiral Coil for Wireless Power Transfer

As a critical part of the wireless power transfer system via strongly coupled magnetic resonances, the resonant coils must be cautiously designed for the specific resonant frequency and high quality factor. There are some issues needed to be considered and studied in the coil design, such as the coil structure, parasitic parameter extraction, and optimizing. In this paper, the double-layer printed spiral coil is used, which could fully take advantage of the limited space and make larger parasitic capacitance for lower resonant frequency. Using the simplified partial element equivalent circuit method and finite element method, the circuit model with consideration of parasitic parameters and high-frequency losses is built, and the impedance characteristic of coil is simulated, which coincides well with the measurement result. In addition, several elements affecting the high-frequency loss, including the skin effect, proximity effect, and dielectric loss, are discussed for reaching higher quality factor, which is critical for the power transfer system.