Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Applying extinction research and theory to cue-exposure addiction treatments.

AIMS To evaluate the efficacy of cue-exposure addiction treatment and review modern animal learning research to generate recommendations for substantially enhancing the effectiveness of this treatment. DESIGN Meta-analysis of cue-exposure addiction treatment outcome studies (N=9), review of animal extinction research and theory, and evaluation of whether major principles from this literature are addressed adequately in cue-exposure treatments. FINDINGS The meta-analytical review showed that there is no consistent evidence for the efficacy of cue-exposure treatment as currently implemented. Moreover, procedures derived from the animal learning literature that should maximize the potential of extinction training are rarely used in cue-exposure treatments. CONCLUSIONS Given what is known from animal extinction theory and research about extinguishing learned behavior, it is not surprising that cue-exposure treatments so often fail. This paper reviews current animal research regarding the most salient threats to the development and maintenance of extinction, and suggests several major procedures for increasing the efficacy of cue-exposure addiction treatment.
“RUNNING” — The bionic quadruped robot

“RUNNING” the bionic quadruped robot is a ground unmanned vehicle for supporting, transporting and following, which demand sound mobility on rough terrain. In this paper, several technical characteristics were concluded, including walking and actuating system, forward and inverse kinematics of the leg structure, gaits of trot and walk, and the control algorithm of force balancing. The off-road performance of “RUNNING” during “2016 Crossing the Obstacles” challenge match was summarized. The future research was prospected.
Designing for sociality in HRI by means of multiple personas in robots

This conceptual paper provides design guidelines to enhance the sociality of human-robot interaction. The paper draws on the Interaction Pattern Approach in HRI, which seeks to specify the underlying structures and functions of human interaction. We extend this approach by proposing that in the same way people effectively engage the social world with different personas in different contexts, so can robots be designed not only with a single persona but multiple personas.
Organization, inducible-expression and chromosome localization of the human HMG-I(Y) nonhistone protein gene.

Members of the HMG-I(Y) family of mammalian nonhistone proteins are of importance because they have been demonstrated to bind specifically to the minor groove of A.T-rich sequences both in vitro and in vivo and to function as gene transcriptional regulatory proteins in vivo. Here we report the cloning, sequencing, characterization and chromosomal localization of the human HMG-I(Y) gene. The gene has several potential promoter/enhancer regions, a number of different transcription start sites and numerous alternatively spliced exons making it one of the most complex nonhistone chromatin protein-encoding genes so far reported. The putative promoter/enhancer regions each contain a number of conserved nucleotide sequences for potential binding of inducible regulatory transcription factors. Consistent with the presence of these conserved sequences, we found that transcription of the HMG-I(Y) gene is inducible in human lymphoid cells by factors such as phorbol esters and calcium ionophores. Detailed sequence analysis confirms our earlier suggestion that alternative splicing of precursor mRNAs gives rise to the major HMG-I and HMG-Y isoform proteins found in human cells. Furthermore, the gene's exon-intron arrangement fully accounts for all of the previously cloned human HMG-I(Y) cDNAs (1,2). Also of considerable interest is the fact that each of the three different DNA-binding domain peptides present in an individual HMG-I(Y) protein is coded for by sequences present on separate exons thus potentially allowing for exon 'shuffling' of these functional domains during evolution. And, finally, we localized the gene to the short arm of chromosome 6 (6p) in a region that is known to be involved in rearrangements, translocations and other abnormalities correlated with a number of human cancers.
A novel two‐component regulatory system in Bacillus subtilis for the survival of severe secretion stress

The Gram‐positive eubacterium Bacillus subtilis is well known for its high capacity to secrete proteins into the environment. Even though high‐level secretion of proteins is an efficient process, it imposes stress on the cell. The present studies were aimed at the identification of systems required to combat this so‐called secretion stress. A two‐component regulatory system, named CssR–CssS, was identified, which bears resemblance to the CpxR–CpxA system of Escherichia coli. The results show that the CssR/S system is required for the cell to survive the severe secretion stress caused by a combination of high‐level production of the α‐amylase AmyQ and reduced levels of the extracytoplasmic folding factor PrsA. As shown with a prsA3 mutation, the Css system is required to degrade misfolded exported proteins at the membrane–cell wall interface. This view is supported by the observation that transcription of the htrA gene, encoding a predicted membrane‐bound protease of B. subtilis, is strictly controlled by CssS. Notably, CssS represents the first identified sensor for extracytoplasmic protein misfolding in a Gram‐positive eubacterium. In conclusion, the results show that quality control systems for extracytoplasmic protein folding are not exclusively present in the periplasm of Gram‐negative eubacteria, but also in the Gram‐positive cell envelope.
Analysis of epileptic EEG signals in children by symbolic dynamics

Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders among children. The study of surface EEG signals in patients with epilepsy by techniques based on symbolic dynamics can provide new insights into the epileptogenic process and may have considerable utility in the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy. The goal of this work was to find patterns from a methodology based on symbolic dynamics to characterize seizures on surface EEG in pediatric patients with intractable epilepsy. A total of 76 seizures were analyzed by their pre-ictal, ictal and post-ictal phases. An analytic signal envelope algorithm was applied to each EEG segment and its performance was evaluated. Several variables were defined from the distribution of words constructed on the EEG transformed into symbols. The results showed strong evidences of detectable non-linear changes in the EEG dynamics from pre-ictal to ictal phase and from ictal to post-ictal phase, with an accuracy higher than 70%.
A compact half E-shaped patch antenna with a slotted U-shaped ground plane

An effective method for reducing the size of the broadband patch antenna with thick substrate is proposed. By using a U-shaped ground plane with three parallel slots embedded in it in place of the conventional planar ground, the half E-shaped patch antenna's resonant frequency can be greatly lowered Although the size of the antenna (especially the thickness of the air substrate) is significantly reduced, wider bandwidth (41.3%), smaller cross-polarization radiation, good broadside radiation characteristics can be obtained.
Microarrays and Crohn's disease: Collecting reliable information

A single microarray experiment allows thousands of microspots of DNA, protein, tissue or various other organic compounds (known as targets) to be quantified by the incidence of interactions with known binding ligands (known as probes), which are arrayed on a solid surface. Probes can be nucleic sequences, proteins, tissues, cells or other molecules. This setup allows unprecedented high-output parallel processing of biological interactions. It is not uncommon to experience the information generated by a well-designed microarray-based study promoting a hypothesis-generating paradigm [1]. This paradigm derives from the enormous amount of data created by the parallel hybridization of thousands of sequences based on a single microarray chip and from powerful computational algorithms aimed at identifying patterns of differential gene expression profiling or protein binding. Another field expected to undergo profound changes is that of clinical investigations aimed at biomarker discovery. While current models require hundreds of patients for statistical validation of a single biomarker, microarray-based setups will allow analysis of thousands of variables based on molecules extracted from relatively few patients. Although such a strategy raises concerns of a statistical nature [2], an advantage is that this model of small trials with a high density of data will allow precise patient stratification in accordance with the expression profile [3]. Efforts aimed at discovery of previously unrecognized disease subgroups based on differential gene expression profiles have already produced results for multiple myeloma [4] and lymphoma [5], and in various studies it has been possible to assign a particular gene expression profile to known clinically relevant disease classes, such as in breast cancer [6], chronic lymphocytic leukaemia [7], acute myeloid leukaemia [8,9], lymphomas [10], bladder cancer, [11], and Mycobacterium leprae infection [12]. DNA, microarray techniques might additionally be used to identify genetic determinants that affect response to drug therapy [13,14]. Crucial for the intepretation of these data is their reliable integration. Expression profiles from several experiments must be compatible, adequate annotation must be present, and procedures must be well described. Several ongoing efforts aim at standardization and storage of microarray data. However, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that microarray data might lack reliability. Experimental variations and different methods for data integration yield results that vary more than might be predicted. This article reviews the first published microarray results regarding Crohn’s disease (CD) and intestinal physiology obtained through microarray approaches. Emphasis is given in results that point to an unexpected discrepancy in data. Attempts to minimize experimental and interpretational variation are also presented, as well as a discussion that tries to justify caution in assessing microarray-generated data.
Discriminative multiple sound source localization based on deep neural networks using independent location model

We propose a training method for multiple sound source localization (SSL) based on deep neural networks (DNNs). Such networks function as posterior probability estimator of sound location in terms of position labels and achieve high localization correctness. Since the previous DNNs' configuration for SSL handles one-sound-source cases, it should be extended to multiple-sound-source cases to apply it to real environments. However, a naïve design causes 1) an increase in the number of labels and training data patterns and 2) a lack of label consistency across different numbers of sound sources, such as one and two-or-more-sound cases. These two problems were solved using our proposed method, which involves an independent location model for the former and an block-wise consistent labeling with ordering for the latter. Our experiments indicated that the SSL based on DNNs trained by our proposed training method out-performed a conventional SSL method by a maximum of 18 points in terms of block-level correctness.
The effect of viral regulatory protein expression on gene delivery by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vectors produced in stable packaging cell lines

We describe the generation of stable human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-packaging lines that constitutively express high levels of HIV-1 structural proteins in either a Rev-dependent or a Rev-independent fashion. These cell lines were used to assess gene transfer by using an HIV-1 vector expressing the hygromycin B resistance gene and to study the effects of Rev, Tat, and Nef on the vector titer. The Rev-independent cell lines were created by using gag-pol and env expression vectors that contain the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV) constitutive transport element (CTE). Vector titers approaching 10(4) CFU/ml were routinely obtained with these cell lines, as well as with the Rev-dependent cell lines, with HeLa-CD4 cells as targets. The presence of Nef and Tat in the producer cell each increased the vector titer 5- to 10-fold. Rev, on the other hand, was absolutely essential for gene transfer, unless the MPMV CTE was present in the vector. In that case, by using the Rev-independent cell lines for packaging, Rev could be completely eliminated from the system without a reduction in vector titer.
The psychology of compliance.

There is no single personality trait, psychological condition, socioeconomic factor or stage of disease that can reliably be used to predict drug compliance. Missing doses of protease inhibitors can lead to drug resistance, so complying with a treatment regimen is critical. One major issue is the timing of medication; some drugs need to be taken with foods, some without, and many complex treatment regimens specify rigid times at which the drugs should be taken. Patients are encouraged to keep a written record of their care, and are more likely to comply if they know the reasons why it is necessary and are prepared to expect some physical discomfort.
Second-line options for EGFR- and Alk-unmutated lung cancers Therapeutic decisionmaking in the molecular era

Current treatment based algorithms for NSCLC are often derived from studies that were conducted prior to the extensive wealth of knowledge that was gained by subtyping lung cancer into distinct molecular entities. New studies are now helping to refine strategies for second-line approaches in EGFR-mutated, Alk-rearranged, as well as in EGFR/Alk-unmutated tumours. This review will focus on treatment decisions after the failure of first-line therapy, considering both patient selection and patient preferences. Selected studies that have specifically looked at second-line therapy in EGFR-negative patients will be reviewed and placed into the current context of therapeutic decisions in the molecular era.
Cryptographic approaches to security and privacy issues in pervasive computing

Technological innovation has enabled tiny devices to participate in pervasive computing. Such devices are particularly vulnerable to security and privacy threats, because of their limited computing resources and relatively weak physical security. We investigate possible cryptographic solutions to security and privacy problems arising in two kinds of emerging pervasive computing networks: Personal Area Networks (PANs) and the EPCglobal Network. A number of key management schemes have been proposed for use in PANs, but these schemes only support key management within a PAN. However, as people are increasingly equipped with multiple wireless devices, PANs are likely to be interconnected to share information or services. We introduce a term, iPANs, to name such interconnected PANs. We define system models and design goals for key management in iPANs, and propose a novel security initialisation scheme for use in iPANs. The proposed scheme achieves desirable security and efficiency properties by making use of the unique characteristics of PANs. The EPCglobal Network is designed to give efficiency and cost savings in and beyond the supply chain using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology; however, privacy threats affecting such networks are particularly serious. We construct a formal privacy model for RFID systems accurately reflecting adversarial threats and power. We then give brief privacy analysis for the existing privacy-enhanced RFID schemes which have received wide attention in the literature. We then construct a secure refresh-based RFID system based on re-encryption techniques, and prove its privacy using the defined privacy model. Finally, we show that the proposed scheme can greatly enhance the security and privacy of EPC tags, making the maximum use of given tag functionalities as specified in the standards.
Group level learning and decision making: a simulation of a group of managers

This study proposes and tests a model of heuristic group problem-solving. This was achieved by carrying out a simulation study: an artificial mechanism and a group of managers were observed while performing the same tasks. The analysis of this simulation led to interesting insights. First, the study highlights the distinctive nature of group cognitive activities. Second, a notion of bounded rationality can be applied to groups as well as the use of heuristics. Third, this article explores the structure of the representation of knowledge and problem-solving and shows how decisions in complex information environments can be represented by a combination of simple rules. Finally, this study establishes a link between estimation and learning processes.
Developing Social Capital in the Operating Room: The Use of Population-based Techniques

FUNCTIONAL relationships improve communities. An overall indicator of the quality of the relationships within a community is the century-old concept of social capital. Social capital has been defined as “those features of social structures—such as interpersonal trust and norms of reciprocity and mutual aid–which act as resources for individuals and facilitate collective action. ” Social capital builds successful communities via robust relationships that develop from and create the interpersonal resources. Just as material capital produces more wealth, social capital lubricates interpersonal interactions and enables cooperative ventures, leading to better schools, decreased violent crime, decreased pugnacity, increased public health, and decreased mortality. Social capital within a group, known as bonding social capital, promotes reciprocity and underpins identity and homogeneity, but may exclude or harm those outside of the group. In the operating room community, such a group may be defined as all of the anesthesiologists, or it may be defined as the doctors, nurses, and technicians of the liver transplant team. Bridging social capital, on the other hand, occurs between groups, such as between surgeons and anesthesiologists, between physicians and nurses, or between clinicians and administrators. Bridging social capital promotes information exchange and generates broader identification and reciprocity. Social capital may help or hurt a community. For example, a subgroup of a community can have considerable social capital as they work together to thwart the majority. In this article, social capital refers to the positive aspects of both bonding and bridging social capital among the entire operating room community.
The Use of Textile-Based Materials in Shell System Design in Architecture and an Evaluation in Terms of Sustainability

The textile that has emerged from dressing and protection need of people against the variable weather conditions since the primaeval ages, has gained performance characteristics with the rise of artificial fibres apart from natural fibre production and with increasing technology and has gained a good position in architectural applications. The application areas of the textile, that was traditionally used as gear, as an indoor element, and as upholstery on furniture, have been varied by emerge of smart and technical textile and its use in construction sector and architecture has been actualized. The main textile-based materials used on building and skin systems are Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and Ethylene Tetra Fluoro Ethylene (ETFE). Tent, pneumatic building, canopy, pleated roof, umbrella, parasol, outer curtain, shear wall and façade are structural use forms of textile materials. While the interactions between textile and architecture actualized in a visual sense, structure and for technology, and aesthetic sense, the use of textile with its sustainability in architecture also brings advantages. In the paper, Eden Project, Water cube, and Alliance Arena where textile-based materials are used are studied. It is seen that the textile material, which is easily applied at long-spans and at forms which cannot be handled with traditional materials, became prominent with its recycling and sustainable features.
PRD — a protein domain involved in PTS‐dependent induction and carbon catabolite repression of catabolic operons in bacteria

Several operon‐specific transcriptional regulators, including antiterminators and activators, contain a duplicated conserved domain, the PTS regulation domain (PRD). These duplicated domains modify the activity of the transcriptional regulators both positively and negatively. PRD‐containing regulators are very common in Gram‐positive bacteria. In contrast, antiterminators controlling β‐glucoside utilization are the only functionally characterized members of this family from Gram‐negative bacteria. PRD‐containing regulators are controlled by PTS‐dependent phosphorylation with different consequences: (i) In the absence of inducer, the phosphorylated EIIB component of the sugar permease donates its phosphate to a PRD, thereby inactivating the regulator. In the presence of the substrate, the regulator is dephosphorylated, and the phosphate is transferred to the sugar, resulting in induction of the operon. (ii) In Gram‐positive bacteria, a novel mechanism of carbon catabolite repression mediated by PRD‐containing regulators has been demonstrated. In the absence of PTS substrates, the HPr protein is phosphorylated by enzyme I at His‐15. This form of HPr can, in turn, phosphorylate PRD‐containing regulators and stimulate their activity. In the presence of rapidly metabolizable carbon sources, ATP‐dependent phosphorylation of HPr at Ser‐46 by HPr kinase inhibits phosphorylation by enzyme I, and PRD‐containing regulators cannot, therefore, be stimulated and are inactive. All regulators of this family contain two copies of PRD, which are functionally specialized in either induction or catabolite repression.
LPV sliding mode fault tolerant control of an octorotor using fixed control allocation

This paper presents a fault tolerant control scheme for an octorotor using LPV based sliding mode control allocation. The scheme utilizes a combination of sliding mode methods and fixed control allocation in order to deal with rotor faults/failures. An LPV scheme has been used to design the baseline sliding mode controller and a stability analysis has been provided for a wide range of operating conditions. The proposed scheme takes full advantage of the `redundant' rotors when faults/failures occur, without requiring any FDI (or any information about the faults/failures). Furthermore, the proposed scheme is simple as it does not require the baseline sliding mode controller to be reconfigured. To highlight the efficacy of the proposed scheme, simulation results on a nonlinear octorotor model for various fault/failure scenarios with gust conditions are presented.