Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Développer l'autoévaluation en enseignement technologique hôtelier : nécessité ou futilité ?

L'objet de ce memoire fut d'explorer dans un premier temps les formes classiques d’heteroevaluation afin d’en comprendre les limites. Bien qu’encore peu mise en pratique, l’autoevaluation apparaitra alors comme une solution tant ses benefices sont grands. A la suite de notre revue de litterature, nous avons cherche a savoir si les eleves de baccalaureat STHR etaient capables de s’autoevaluer de maniere objective en travaux pratiques de cuisine. Une etude de terrain a alors ete menee aupres de deux echantillons afin de savoir d’une part si la pratique reguliere de l’autoevaluation permettait d’amoindrir la subjectivite et de savoir si, d’autre part, une insuffisance d’experience engendrait une surestimation et inversement (effet DUNNING-KRUGER). Ces deux hypotheses s’avereront valides, demontrant que la capacite a s’autoevaluer s’acquiert avec le temps. Nous proposerons ainsi des outils et une methodologie qui permettront aux professeurs de STC de mettre en œuvre de maniere aisee et peu chronophage l’autoevaluation en travaux pratiques de cuisine. Ils seront accompagnes de precisions qui permettront de mieux comprendre comment la deployer notamment en termes de graduation de l’autonomie, de choix des criteres et de politique globale.
Simulación en software de un modelo 2D de movimiento de dorsiflexión de tobillo

El siguiente articulo detalla la realizacion de un modelo 2D de movimiento de dorsiflexion de tobillo. Para ello se realizo un estudio fisico-matematico de la cinematica y biomecanica para obtener los parametros dinamicos de dorsiflexion del tobillo, el cual permitio realizar el sistema dinamico en la plataforma de simulacion multidominio simulink de Matlab. Con los datos obtenidos en la simulacion se comparan con una base de datos estandar que permite validar los movimientos 2D de dorsiflexion.
Enseignement de la géométrie à la fin du cycle 3 - Proposition d'un dispositif de travail en dyade

Nous proposons un dispositif de travail en dyade pour enseigner la geometrie plane en fin d'ecole primaire debut de college en appui sur la construction instrumentee. Nous l'avons elabore lors d'une experimentation menee avec deux eleves de sixieme, dont une dyspraxique, en cherchant a ameliorer et exploiter les competences langagieres de cette derniere pour contourner ses difficultes dans l'execution d'actions instrumentees. Nous faisons l'hypothese que ce dispositif de travail en dyade peut avoir un interet pour tout eleve dans l'apprentissage de la geometrie. Nous le presentons dans cet article, avec ses fondements theoriques, sa conception experimentale et ses modalites de mise en oeuvre.
Identifying signs that nurses interpret as indicating pain in newborns.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The purpose is to explore the behavioral and physiological signs that nurses interpret as suggesting the possibility of pain in the newborn. METHODOLOGY: The data collection instrument used was a General Information and Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire asking nurses to identify those physiological and behavioral signs that suggest the possibility of pain in the newborn. It was distributed to 109 nurses who worked in units where newborns are hospitalized; this was in a 1,000-bed tertiary care, university-affiliated hospital in the Midwest. RESULTS: Eighty-one nurses responded (74%). Three signs were selected "always" with a high frequency: fussiness, crying, and grimacing. When the scores of "always" and "usually" were combined for these three items, the figures are 96%, 79%, and 79%, respectively for selection rate. CONCLUSIONS: The fact that only three signs were selected with confidence suggests the difficulty and tentative nature of nursing decisions regarding the assessment of pain in the newborn.
Labioglossopexie chez les enfants porteurs de séquence de Pierre Robin : indications, technique chirurgicale, et évaluation des conséquences immédiates et à long terme

Introduction : la sequence de Pierre Robin (SPR) est une association de malformative congenitale de la face associant glossoptose, retrognathisme et fente palatine ainsi que des troubles de succion-deglutition. Dans un cas sur deux elle entre dans un contexte syndromique. Le pronostic a court terme est lie a l’obstruction des voies respiratoires a la naissance, qui peut aller jusqu’a la detresse respiratoire aigue neonatale. La prise en charge initiale doit permettre la liberation des voies aeriennes respiratoires de facon a passer le cap de la phase critique d’obstruction. En cas d’echec du traitement medical conservateur, des strategies interventionnistes sont proposees par les equipes. Parmi elle, la labioglossopexie (LGP) est une technique chirurgicale dont le principe est de fixer la face ventrale de langue a la face interne de la levre inferieure pour avancer la langue et liberer l’espace retro-basi-lingual. L’objectif principal est d’eviter la tracheotomie et ses complications intrinseques. Patients et methode : nous presentons les resultats d’une etude retrospective sur 11 ans concernant 25 enfants suivis depuis 2006 dans le centre de prise en charge des Pierre Robin de Marseille et ayant beneficie d’une LGP. Les donnees pre et post-operatoires ont ete recueillies dans les dossiers medicaux. Les donnees cliniques sur la croissance du massif facial, la dentition et la phonation ont ete recueillies au cours de consultations pluridisciplinaires de suivi. L’objectif principal etait d’evaluer l’efficacite de la labioglossopexie sur le syndrome obstructif, soit l’eviction de la tracheotomie. Les objectifs secondaires etaient d’evaluer l’efficacite de la labioglossopexie sur les difficultes alimentaires et l’evolution a long terme des enfants sur le plan de la croissance. Resultats : dans 84% des cas la tracheotomie a ete evitee. On a rapporte des complications mineures dans 4 cas. Conformement a ce qui etait attendu et aux donnees de la litterature, les enfants non syndromiques avaient une meilleure evolution sur le plan respiratoire aussi bien qu’alimentaire. On n’a pas rapporte de consequence a long terme sur la parole ni la croissance. Conclusion : la labioglossopexie est une intervention chirurgicale simple, reproductible et peu couteuse. Elle necessite une equipe pluridisciplinaire experimentee et entrainee. C’est une prise en charge efficace et non deletere du syndrome obstructif congenital severe des enfants porteurs de SPR. Des etudes a plus long terme sont necessaires pour evaluer ses consequences sur la croissance faciale des enfants.
Interaural asymmetry of dynamic range: Abnormal fusion, bilateral interference, and shifts in attention

Speech information in the better ear interferes with the poorer ear in patients with bilateral cochlear implants (BiCIs) who have large asymmetries in speech intelligibility between ears. The goal of the present study was to assess how each ear impacts, and whether one dominates, speech perception using simulated CI processing in older and younger normal-hearing (ONH and YNH) listeners. Dynamic range (DR) was manipulated symmetrically or asymmetrically across spectral bands in a vocoder. We hypothesized that if abnormal integration of speech information occurs with asymmetrical speech understanding, listeners would demonstrate an atypical preference in accuracy when reporting speech presented to the better ear and fusion of speech between the ears (i.e., an increased number of one-word responses when two words were presented). Results from three speech conditions showed that: (1) When the same word was presented to both ears, speech identification accuracy decreased if one or both ears decreased in DR, but listeners usually reported hearing one word. (2) When two words with different vowels were presented to both ears, speech identification accuracy and percentage of two-word responses decreased consistently as DR decreased in one or both ears. (3) When two rhyming words (e.g., bed and led) previously shown to phonologically fuse between ears (e.g., bled) were presented, listeners instead demonstrated interference as DR decreased. The word responded in (2) and (3) came from the right (symmetric) or better (asymmetric) ear, especially in (3) and for ONH listeners in (2). These results suggest that the ear with poorer dynamic range is downweighted by the auditory system, resulting in abnormal fusion and interference, especially for older listeners.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism modulates the effects of circadian desynchronization on activity and sleep in male mice

Introduction Understanding how environmental interact challenges with genetic predispositions modulate health and wellbeing is an important area of biomedical research. Circadian rhythms play an important role in coordinating the multitude of cellular and tissue processes that organisms use to predict and adapt to regular changes in the environment, and robust circadian rhythms contribute to optimal physiological and behavioral responses to challenge. However, artificial lighting and modern round-the-clock lifestyles can disrupt the circadian system, leading to desynchronization of clocks throughout the brain and body. When coupled with genetic predispositions, circadian desynchronization may compound negative outcomes. Polymorphisms in the brain-derived neurotrophic (BDNF) gene contribute to variations in neurobehavioral responses in humans, including impacts on sleep, with the common Val66Met polymorphism linked to several negative outcomes. Methods We explored how the Val66Met polymorphism modulates the response to environmental circadian desynchronization (ECD) in a mouse model. ECD was induced by housing adult male mice in a 20 h light-dark cycle (LD10:10; 10 h light, 10 h dark). Sleep and circadian activity were recorded in homozygous (Met) mice and their wild-type (Val) littermates in a standard 24 h LD cycle (LD12:12), then again after 20, 40, and 60 days of ECD. Results We found ECD significantly affected the sleep/wake timing in Val mice, however, Met mice maintained appropriate sleep timing after 20 days ECD, but not after 40 and 60 days of ECD. In addition, the rise in delta power at lights on was absent in Val mice but was maintained in Met mice. To elucidate the circadian and homeostatic contribution to disrupted sleep, mice were sleep deprived by gentle handling in LD12:12 and after 20 days in ECD. Following 6 h of sleep deprivation delta power was increased for both Val and Met mice in LD12:12 and ECD conditions. However, the time constant was significantly longer in the Val mice during ECD compared to LD12:12, suggesting a functioning but altered sleep homeostat. Discussion These data suggest the Val66Met mutation is associated with an ability to resist the effects of LD10:10, which may result in carriers suffering fewer negative impacts of ECD.
Effects of forest types on soil carbon content in aggregate faction under climate transition zone

Variations in soil aggregates and soil organic carbon (SOC) in response to land-use change are important to understanding the carbon cycle in forest ecosystems. However, few studies investigated the effect of forest type on aggregate stability, SOC content, and particulate organic carbon (POC) content. Therefore, we collected soil and fine root samples in two natural forests (Pinus massoniana and Quercus variabilis) and a planted forest (Cunninghamia lanceolata) in a warm temperate–subtropical climate transition zone to analyze the effect of forest type on aggregate stability, SOC content, and POC content. The results showed that the mean weight diameter (MWD) of the soil aggregates was significantly higher in Quercus variabilis and Pinus massoniana forests (62% and 21%, respectively) than in the Cunninghamia lanceolata forest due to higher mycelial length density, mycelial infection rate, and glomalin content. Similarly, the SOC and POC contents were significantly higher in Quercus variabilis and Pinus massoniana forests than in the Cunninghamia lanceolata forest (p < 0.05). The dominant size fraction of aggregate was highly correlated with the carbon fraction content. The SOC and POC contents and fungal traits (mycelial length density, mycelial infection rate, and glomalin content) were significantly positively correlated with the MWD. These results indicated that natural forests had higher aggregate stability than planted forests due to higher SOC content and more favorable fungal traits in the warm temperate–subtropical climate transition zone.
Comportamiento mecánico del cuerpo humano en el deporte de alta competición

SE HA IMPLEMENTADO UN SISTEMA COMPUTACIONAL BASADO EN EL PROGRAMA COMPAMM (COMPUTER ANALYSIS OF MACHINES AND MECHANISMS) QUE PERMITE REALIZAR UN ANALISIS ESPACIAL DE LOS MOVIMIENTOS HUMANOS, Y CUYOS RESULTADOS PUEDEN APLICARSE ENTRE OTROS AL CAMPO DEPORTIVO. EL SISTEMA CONSISTE EN CAPTURAR EL MOVIMIENTO MEDIANTE LA UTILIZACION DE 2 O MAS CAMARAS QUE PERFECTAMENTE SINCRONIZADAS Y ESTATICAS IDENTIFIQUEN LAS COORDENADAS TRIDIMENSIONALES DE UNA SERIE DE PUNTOS SOLIDARIOS AL CUERPO. ESTE PROCESO DE CAPTURA, INTRODUCE UNA SERIE DE ERRORES EN LA OBTENCION DE LAS COORDENADAS TRIDIMENSIONALES DE LOS PUNTOS Y HACE QUE SU UTILIZACION DIRECTA NO SEA ACONSEJABLE EN LA EVALUACION DE VARIABLES CINEMATICAS Y DINAMICAS. PARA MINIMIZAR LOS ERRORES DEBIDOS A LA CAPTURA DEL MOVIMIENTO SE HA DESARROLLADO UN SISTEMA QUE A PARTIR DE LAS COORDENADAS DE LOS PUNTOS, HAGA POSIBLE EL CALCULO DE UNA SERIE DE VECTORES A PARTIR DE LOS CUALES SE EVALUAN LOS MOVIMIENTOS NATURALES DEL CUERPO (ADUCCION-ABDUCCION, FLEXION-EXTENSION, ETC.). ESTOS VECTORES CALCULADOS, CONJUNTAMENTE CON LOS PUNTOS OBTENIDOS EN LA CAPTURA DEL MOVIMIENTO, PERMITEN PLANTEAR UN MODELO INTEGRO DEL CUERPO HUMANO EN BASE A LAS COORDENADAS NATURALES, OBTENIENDOSE UN MODELO QUE CONTEMPLA UN TOTAL DE 40 GRADOS DE LIBERTAD, DE LOS CUALES 34 CORRESPONDEN A MOVIMIENTOS RELATIVOS ENTRE LOS ELEMENTOS Y 6 MOVIMIENTOS CORRESPONDEN A LOS DE SOLIDO RIGIDO. ESTE MODELO EN COORDENADAS NATURALES PERMITE EVALUAR VARIABLES CINEMATICAS Y DINAMICAS TALES COMO: TRAYECTORIAS, VELOCIDADES Y ACELERACIONES DE PUNTOS, MOVIMIENTOS ANGULARES RELATIVOS, VELOCIDADES YA ACELERACIONES ANGULARES RELATIVAS, FUERZAS DE REACCION SOBRE EL MODELO, ESFUERZOS MOTORES, ETC. SE PRESENTAN EN ESTE TRABAJO APLICACIONES AL SALTO DE ALTURA, SALTO DE VALLAS Y LANZAMIENTO DE JABALINA.
Succession of the microbiota in the gut of reproductives of Macrotermes subhyalinus (Termitidae) at colony foundation gives insights into symbionts transmission

Termites have co-evolved with a complex gut microbiota consisting mostly of exclusive resident taxa, but key forces sustaining this exclusive partnership are still poorly understood. The potential for primary reproductives to vertically transmit their gut microbiota (mycobiome and bacteriome) to offspring was investigated using colony foundations from field-derived swarming alates of Macrotermes subhyalinus. Metabarcoding based on the fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was used to characterize the reproductives mycobiome and bacteriome over the colony foundation time. The mycobiome of swarming alates differed from that of workers of Macrotermitinae and changed randomly within and between sampling time points, highlighting no close link with the gut habitat. The fungal ectosymbiont Termitomyces was lost early from the gut of reproductives, confirming the absence of vertical transmission to offspring. Unlike fungi, the bacteriome of alates mirrored that of workers of Macroterminae. Key genera and core OTUs inherited from the mother colony mostly persisted in the gut of reproductive until the emergence of workers, enabling their vertical transmission and explaining why they were found in offspring workers. These findings demonstrate that the parental transmission may greatly contribute to the maintenance of the bacteriome and its co-evolution with termite hosts at short time scales.
Risk Projection for Time-to-Event Outcome Leveraging Summary Statistics With Source Individual-Level Data

Abstract Predicting risks of chronic diseases has become increasingly important in clinical practice. When a prediction model is developed in a cohort, there is a great interest to apply the model to other cohorts. Due to potential discrepancy in baseline disease incidences between different cohorts and shifts in patient composition, the risk predicted by the model built in the source cohort often under- or over-estimates the risk in a new cohort. In this article, we assume the relative risks of predictors are the same between the two cohorts, and propose a novel weighted estimating equation approach to recalibrating the projected risk for the targeted population through updating the baseline risk. The recalibration leverages the knowledge about survival probabilities for the disease of interest and competing events, and summary information of risk factors from the target population. We establish the consistency and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimators. Extensive simulation demonstrate that the proposed estimators are robust, even if the risk factor distributions differ between the source and target populations, and gain efficiency if they are the same, as long as the information from the target is precise. The method is illustrated with a recalibration of colorectal cancer prediction model.
Sobolev Lifting over Invariants

We prove lifting theorems for complex representations $V$ of finite groups $G$. Let $\sigma=(\sigma_1,\ldots,\sigma_n)$ be a minimal system of homogeneous basic invariants and let $d$ be their maximal degree. We prove that any continuous map $\bar f : \mathbb R^m \to V$ such that $f = \sigma \circ \bar f$ is of class $C^{d-1,1}$ is locally of Sobolev class $W^{1,p}$ for all $1 \le p < d/(d-1)$. In the case $m=1$ there always exists a continuous choice $\bar f$ for given $f : \mathbb R \to \sigma(V) \subseteq \mathbb C^n$. We give uniform bounds for the $W^{1,p}$-norm of $\bar f$ in terms of the $C^{d-1,1}$-norm of $f$. The result is optimal: in general a lifting $\bar f$ cannot have a higher Sobolev regularity and it even might not have bounded variation if $f$ is in a larger H\"older class.
Leptonic or Hadronic Emission: The X-Ray Radiation Mechanism of Large-scale Jet Knots in 3C 273

A comprehensively theoretical analysis of the broadband spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of large-scale jet knots in 3C 273 is presented to reveal their X-ray radiation mechanism. We show that these SEDs cannot be explained with a single-electron population model when the Doppler boosting effect is either considered or not. By adding a more energetic electron (the leptonic model) or proton (the hadronic model) population, the SEDs of all knots are well represented. In the leptonic model, the electron population that contributes the X-ray emission is more energetic than the one responsible for the radio-optical emission by almost two orders of magnitude; the derived equipartition magnetic field strengths (Beq) are ∼0.1 mG. In the hadronic model, protons with energy ∼20 PeV are required to interpret the observed X-rays; the Beq values are several mG, larger than those in the leptonic model. Based on the fact that no resolved substructures are observed in these knots and the fast cooling time of the high-energy electrons does not easily explain the observed X-ray morphologies, we argue that the two distinct electron populations accelerated in these knots are unreasonable and their X-ray emission is attributed to the proton synchrotron radiation accelerated in these knots. In cases where these knots have relativistic motion toward the observer, the super-Eddington issue of the hadronic model can be avoided. Multiwavelength polarimetry and γ-ray observations with high resolution may be helpful to discriminate these models.
Degenerate flag varieties in network coding

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>Building upon the application of flags to network coding introduced in [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b6">6</xref>], we develop a variant of this coding technique that uses degenerate flags. The information set is a metric affine space isometric to the space of upper triangular matrices endowed with the flag rank metric. This suggests the development of a theory for flag rank metric codes in analogy to the rank metric codes used in linear subspace coding. </p>
Exploration-Exploitation in Constrained MDPs

In many sequential decision-making problems, the goal is to optimize a utility function while satisfying a set of constraints on different utilities. This learning problem is formalized through Constrained Markov Decision Processes (CMDPs). In this paper, we investigate the exploration-exploitation dilemma in CMDPs. While learning in an unknown CMDP, an agent should trade-off exploration to discover new information about the MDP, and exploitation of the current knowledge to maximize the reward while satisfying the constraints. While the agent will eventually learn a good or optimal policy, we do not want the agent to violate the constraints too often during the learning process. In this work, we analyze two approaches for learning in CMDPs. The first approach leverages the linear formulation of CMDP to perform optimistic planning at each episode. The second approach leverages the dual formulation (or saddle-point formulation) of CMDP to perform incremental, optimistic updates of the primal and dual variables. We show that both achieves sublinear regret w.r. t. \ the main utility while having a sublinear regret on the constraint violations. That being said, we highlight a crucial difference between the two approaches; the linear programming approach results in stronger guarantees than in the dual formulation based approach.
Neural Enhanced Belief Propagation on Factor Graphs

A graphical model is a structured representation of locally dependent random variables. A traditional method to reason over these random variables is to perform inference using belief propagation. When provided with the true data generating process, belief propagation can infer the optimal posterior probability estimates in tree structured factor graphs. However, in many cases we may only have access to a poor approximation of the data generating process, or we may face loops in the factor graph, leading to suboptimal estimates. In this work we first extend graph neural networks to factor graphs (FG-GNN). We then propose a new hybrid model that runs conjointly a FG-GNN with belief propagation. The FG-GNN receives as input messages from belief propagation at every inference iteration and outputs a corrected version of them. As a result, we obtain a more accurate algorithm that combines the benefits of both belief propagation and graph neural networks. We apply our ideas to error correction decoding tasks, and we show that our algorithm can outperform belief propagation for LDPC codes on bursty channels.
A physics-informed feature engineering approach to use machine learning with limited amounts of data for alloy design: shape memory alloy demonstration

Machine learning using limited data from physical experiments is shown to work to predict new shape memory alloys in a high dimensional alloy design space that considers chemistry and thermal post-processing. The key to enabling the machine learning algorithms to make predictions of new alloys and their post-processing is shown to be a physics-informed featured engineering approach. Specifically, elemental features previously engineered by the computational materials community to model composition effects in materials are combined with newly engineered heat treatment features. These new features result from pre-processing the heat treatment data using mathematical relationships known to describe the thermodynamics and kinetics of precipitation in alloys. The prior application of the nonlinear physical models to the data in effect linearizes some of the complex alloy development trends a priori using known physics, and results in greatly improved performance of the ML algorithms trained on relatively few data points.