Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toward a theory of "just cause" in employee discipline cases

In this theoretical article, Professors Abrams and Nolan present the first comprehensive theory of “just cause,” the universal standard employed in collective bargaining agreements to protect employee job security. They examine the fundamental understanding reached by workers and management when employees are hired and then explore the legitimate expectations of both labor and management in the employment setting. The article then applies the theory in a variety of common arbitration scenarios.
Performance Measurement of Mutual Funds, Hedge Funds, and Institutional Accounts

This review describes several important recent advances in the measurement of the performance of actively managed portfolios. For returns-based performance evaluation, we discuss several innovations, such as conditional performance evaluation, Bayesian approaches, and a new multiple-testing approach—the false-discovery rate. For portfolio holdings–based performance evaluation, our discussion ranges from extensions of the standard Daniel, Grinblatt, Titman, and Wermers (DGTW) stock return adjustment procedure to conditional holdings-based approaches. Applications of these approaches in the mutual fund, hedge fund, and institutional account universes are presented.
Wildlife tourism as crop protection?

: Human–wildlife interfaces are often sites of friction and conﬂ ict in the form of crop and livestock depredations that can lead to negative local attitudes toward the animals responsible. This paper examines the use of provisioning to reduce wildlife damage through diversion (diversionary feeding) and to display the diverted animals for tourism. It focuses on a macaque ( Macaca fuscata ) provisioning initiative from the municipality of Ōita in western Japan that set out to achieve these 2 objectives of crop protection and tourism. Provisioning succeeded in establishing the macaques as a popular tourist attraction, but it has been far less eﬀ ective in keeping farmland safe from crop-raiding. Owing mainly to macaque population increase and habituation, the early diversion eﬀ ect waned and crop-raiding re-emerged as a problem. The Ōita vision of double-goal provisioning has proven to be ﬂ awed and the compatibility of diversionary provisioning with wildlife tourism highly questionable.
College is Not Enough: Higher Education Does Not Eliminate Racial and Ethnic Wealth Gaps

Differences in college and post-graduate degree attainment alone explain less than half of Black-White and Hispanic-White wealth gaps in a standard wealth regression. Differences in family structure and measures of luck such as income windfalls and inheritances explain even less. Measures of financial decisionmaking, such as the share of housing in total assets and debt ratios, are much more important.
Euterpe oleracea Mart. (aai): an old known plant with a new perspective

The acai (Euterpe oleracea Mart) fruit pulp is extensively used in Brazil as food among other uses. The health benefits of acai are largely reported by the Amazon inhabitants. Nonetheless, just a few pharmacological and toxicological studies were made to probe the innocuousness and the safety of the use of this product. The aims of this work were to update knowledge about the chemical composition, pharmacological and toxicological studies of the fruits and to identify possible vacuum of knowledge in the use, evaluation, and characterization of E. oleracea Mart (Acai) as a promising Amazon superfruit. It was made a draw out internet revision, especially in databases as NCBI, SCOPUS, PUBMED, SCIELO, and ELSEVIER by using the keywords E. oleracea, acai, nutraceuticals and food supplementations. Also, it was looked for each one of the ethnobotanical uses reported for this plant species combined with the first keywords. A complete record of the chemical composition of this species was achieved. Just two studies in humans were found in the literature using the acai fruit pulp. There is no sufficient systematic evidence to assure that all of the ethnobotanical uses of this species are true. A great emptiness of scientific knowledge related to the real benefits of this plant species exist. There exist neither pharmaceutical forms nor standardized product derived from the acai fruit. Until now, the number of scientific studies that allow the validaton of the ethnopharmacological practices, the innocuousness and the safety of the use of this plant fruit is insufficient. Key words: Euterpe oleracea, acai, nutraceutical, food supplementation.
Best fit probability model for runup height tsunami in Aceh using some mixture distribution

Choosing best fit probability distribution to represent the height wave tsunami has been a long topic of interest in hydrology. In this study, Lognormal distribution (L), Gamma distributions (G), Weibull (W), and mixture of two lognormal (ML), two gamma (MG) or two weibull (MW) distributions were applied to data tsunami runnup heights in Aceh. Parameter for each distribution are estimated by maximum likelihood techniques. For selecting the best fit model, graphical inspection (probability density function (pdf)) and numerical criteria (Akaike’s information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC)) were used. In most the cases, graphical inspection gave the same result but their AIC and BIC result differed. The best fit result was chosen as the distribution with the lowest values of BIC and AIC. Tsunami that happened in Aceh on 26 December 2004 at latitude 3.32 N and longitude 95.85 E, G and W distributions was not suitable to 1192 Desta Wahyuni et al. explain the tsunami heights wave data distribution. Result show that MG and MW are better alternatives to discribe height wave tsunami characteristics. We also show that MG best fit probability model in comparison to either G, M, or MW.
Maar-Diatreme Volcanoes, their Formation, and their Setting in Hard-rock or Soft-rock Environments

Maar-diatreme volcanoes mostly form when rising magma in basic to ultrabasic volcanic fields interacts explosively with groundwater. Less commonly, there also exist maars associated with intermediate to acid magmas. The formation and growth of the maar-diatreme volcano type, the second most common volcano type on continents and islands, is reviewed applying the phre- atomagmatic model of its formation. The site of explosions is the root zone which penetrates downward on its own feeder dyke. Because of repeatedly developing mass deficiencies in the root zone, the overlying cone-shaped diatreme and the maar crater are the consequent collapse/subsidence features. Prolonged downward penetration of the root zone leads to repeated collapse phases of both the diatreme and maar, thus both grow in size the longer the maar-diatreme volcano is active. Two contrasting environments exist with respect to groundwater availability for the phreatomagmatic explosions: the hard-rock environment which is a joint aquifer and the soft-rock environment which is a pore aquifer. In the hard-rock environment, the tephra of maar-diatreme volcanoes contains large volumes of rock clasts originally derived from the hard country rocks formerly occupy- ing the root zone resp. the diatreme and maar crater. In the soft-rock environment, the tephra contains large amounts of the indi- vidual minerals and pebbles from the sediments but hardly any rock clast consisting of indurated sediments. The two environments are frequently combined in areas where unconsolidated, water-saturated sediments overlie diagenetically indurated sediments and/or crystalline basement rocks or in areas where unconsolidated sediments contain interbedded solidified and jointed sills and lava flows. Maar-diatreme volcanoes have typically formed in areas characterized by rather normal groundwater conditions. In contrast, are- as characterized by highly permeable water-saturated rocks or pebble beds just below the Earth's surface give rise to tuff-rings or tuff-cones. Tuff-cones also form in the shallow sea or in lakes.
Redistributive Taxation, Incentives, and the Intertemporal Evolution of Human Capital

This paper contributes to the literature on redistributive taxation and human capital dynamics by explicitly analyzing the role of incentives in the education market where human capital is produced. We introduce an explicit education market with heterogeneous private schools in a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with overlapping generations and human capital accumulation. We use the model to simulate the effects of taxation on growth, intergenerational mobility, inequality, and welfare. Equalization in education expenditures reduces incentives for differentiation in the education market, with the distribution of education investments shifting towards the least productive schools. This has significant consequences on equilibrium outcomes, and highlights the importance of incorporating the role of intermediation when analyzing redistribution policies.
Impact on Professional Relationships of the Presence of an Itinerant Night Nurse: A Qualitative Study of Care Homes for Older People

Background: A trial scheme to improving night-time nursing in residential care homes for dependent older people in the Ile de France region of France involved appointing degree-qualified nursing staff to circulate between three or four care homes. In most old age care homes, the absence of a qualified nurse to carry out health procedures during the night leads to night-duty care teams having to deal with urgent medical complications. This study aims to identify the factors which may impede the building of cooperative relationships between night staff and mobile nurses working in a number of medical settings. Design: An inductive approach was used, based on analysis of in-depth interviews, observations and informal conversations to elicit the key themes. The field study was carried out over a four-month period from February to May 2015 in a number of selected residential care homes. Methods: 35 semi-structured interviews were conducted with health professionals representing a range of paramedical categories, and 7 night-time participant observation sessions, in which the researcher accompanied mobile nurses during their night-duty work. 22 care homes were visited in total. The participant observation sessions included informal conversations to complete the data collection process. Results: The findings demonstrate the importance of shared understandings of the organization of work among health professionals of different categories. Representations concerning mobile nurses by health care teams and their managers may have counter-productive effects and give rise to status tensions in relationships between care home staff. For their part, nurses who are not permanently present within care establishments have to employ strategies to maintain the cohesion with colleagues that their professional actions require, especially for managing emergency situations.
The evolutionary signi®cance of parasitism: do parasite-driven genetic dynamics occur ex silico?

Parasitism (including pathogens, pests and infectious disease) can be a powerful determinant of host survival and reproduction, as evidenced by the impact of pathogenic fungal outbreaks on plants (e.g. Van Alfen et al., 1975), parasite-mediated population cycles (e.g. Hudson et al., 1998), or the success of some biological control programs (e.g. Fenner & Ratcliffe, 1965), to give just a few examples. Although it is clear that biological enemies are both ubiquitous and can affect host population sizes, the nature of genetic interactions between host populations and their parasites, and hence the evolutionary signi®cance of parasitism, is less clear. Certainly, parasites are evolving: new crop varieties must frequently be introduced as older ones become susceptible to evolving pest populations (Maxwell & Jennings, 1983), new diseases emerge and mutate [e.g. AIDS (Yamaguchi & Gojobori, 1997)], and the genetic make-up of more traditional diseases is continually refashioned [e.g. in ̄uenza (Fitch et al., 1997), malaria (Hughes, 1991)]. Although hosts may not evolve as rapidly or as obviously as their diseases, there is evidence that the genetic structure of host populations is affected by disease. For example, natural or feral populations can evolve resistance to introduced diseases (Fenner & Ratcliffe, 1965; Warner, 1968; van Riper et al., 1986), and the geographical overlap of virulence and resistance variants points to evolution in response to endemic biological enemies (e.g. Berenbaum & Zangerl, 1998; Gilbert et al., 1998). Understanding the relationship between disease, genetic variation and evolution has great importance for a variety of scienti®c ®elds, both applied and basic. First, that interactions are reciprocal implies that host genetics can determine the incidence and severity of disease, and thus a deep understanding of the genetics of coevolution stands to enhance utilitarian understanding of the conditions which mediate the damaging effects of disease and pests. Secondly, the impact of disease on the genetics of host populations is thought to have broad evolutionary implications, and it has been argued that parasitism
INTEGRATED RURAL TOURISM A Border Case Study Gunjan Saxena

Within the context of debates about integrated and territorial approaches to rural development in Europe’s lagging regions, this paper introduces the notion of integrated rural tourism, theorized in relation to the concepts of embeddedness, dis-embeddedness, endogeneity, and empowerment. The paper reports on qualitative research which explored the existence of such characteristics in rural networks operating among small businesses and resource controllers in the English-Welsh borders. It is argued that the creation of embedded and endogenous networks does not necessarily result in empowerment for all concerned. Complex issues of participation and inclusion remain central to the creation of equitable, sustainable, and integrated rural tourism.
Draft Accounting for spatio-temporal variation and fisher targeting when estimating abundance from multispecies fishery data

Complete List of Authors: Thorson, James T. ; NOAA, Fisheries Resource Assessment and Monitoring Division Fonner, Robert; Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Conservation Biology Division, Haltuch, Melissa; Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Ono, Kotaro; University of Washington, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences Winker, Henning; Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Centre for Statistics in Ecology, Environment and Conservation (SEEC),
Cs3Zr6Br15Z (Z = C, B): A Stuffed Rhombohedral Perovskite Structure of Linked Clusters

The isostructural title compounds are synthesized in good yields form reactions of Zr, ZrBr{sub 4}, CsBr, and Z in sealed Ta tubing for {approximately}3 weeks at 850 {degrees}C. Their single-crystal data refinements established the products as Cs{sub 3.02(7)-}Zr{sub 6}Br{sub 14}C and Cs{sub 3.39(5)}Zr{sub 6}br{sub 15}B (R3c, Z = 6, a = 13.1031 (6), 13.116(1) {angstrom}, c = 35.800(3), 35.980(6) {angstrom}, R(F)/R{sub w} = 5.4/5.9, 5.4/4.4%, respectively). The structure is derived form a three-dimensional [Zr{sub 6}(Z)Br{sub 12}]Br{sub 6/2} network of four-rings (as in ReO{sub 6/2}) twisted into a rhombohedral perovskite analogous to VF{sub 3}. The three necessary Cs{sup +} cations are fractionally distributed over five sites that are far from optimal or common, with either eight asymmetric or only three close bromide neighbors. Refinement of a third Cs{sub 3.18(5)}Zr{sub 6}Br{sub 15}C structure at {minus}50 {degrees}C gave the same result with somewhat smaller positional distributions of the atoms.
Post-NPM and changing public governance

This article focuses essentially on four issues. First, it examines the typical features of the post-New Public Management reform wave, as experienced in some of the former trail-blazing countries for NPM. Second, the manuscript asks the basic reason behind the rise of the post-NPM reforms. In this connection, the paper points to a combination of external pressure, cultural factors and actions from the political leadership to be one of the major forces which have helped emerge the new reform efforts. Third, the treatise addresses to the question of: to what extent the post-NPM reform movement has moved beyond or replaced NPM, or whether it has merely supplemented them. Fourth, the paper highlights characteristics of some of new complex and hybrid organization forms arising in the recent years. The paper contends that the organizational forms of public administration have increasingly become complex and multifunctional. It delineates the post-NPM reforms to have been rebalancing existing administrative systems in several countries. Some aspects of the old public administration have been combined with NPM and post-NPM features to create new hybrid and compound organizational forms in which governance elements coexist with other reform features. The paper finally concludes by arguing that the post-NPM reforms imply the focus of government to have increasingly shifted to horizontal coordination, in addition to enhancing political control.
Chemical control and disease reservoir studies of the wheat curl mite (Aceria tosichella Keifer), vector to wheat streak mosaic virus

Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) is the most common cereal grain virus in the Great Plains and current controls for the disease rely on cultural methods. There are no chemical treatments available for the WSMV vector, the wheat curl mite (WCM, Aceria tosichella Keifer). These experiments tested carbamate, organophosphate, pyrethroid, neonicotinoid, biological control, oil, ovicide, mite growth inhibitor, and soap treatments for potential to decrease WCM population growth on spring wheat (cv. Choteau). Treatment with the active ingredients aldicarb and chlorpyrifos decreased greenhouse WCM population growth rates compared to untreated controls (p˂0.001 and p˂0.001, respectively). Aldicarb is no longer registered for use, whereas chlorpyrifos shows potential for WCM chemical control. Field trials included spring wheat in 2013 and winter wheat in 2013-2014 testing organophosphate, pyrethroid, oil, soap, and mite growth inhibitor treatments. WCM incidence was not affected by treatment relative to controls in 2013 spring wheat (p=0.32) and disease presence was too low in the 20132014 winter wheat trial to see a treatment effect (p=0.78). Chlorpyrifos reduces WCM populations and with further study may provide an additional tool for integrated control
Serum 25 Hydroxy Vitamin D 3 Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Tip

Amaç:­ Düşük vitamin D konsantrasyonlarının diyabet ve insülin rezistansı ile ters orantılı olduğu konusunda bilgiler çoğalmaktadır. Tip 2 diyabetik hastalarda vitamin D seviyeleri ile bazı antropometrik ve metabolik verileri araştırmayı planladık. Yöntem:­ 101 Tip 2 diyabetik hasta ve 60 kontrol ile gerçekleştirdiğimiz çalışmada her iki grubun vitamin D seviyeleri ile diğer parametrelerini kıyasladıktan sonra diyabetik hastalarda korelasyon analizi yaptık, ayrıca 25-hidroksi vitamin D3 seviyelerine göre hastaları sınıflandırıp kıyaslamaları tekrarladık. Bulgular:­ Kontrollerle kıyaslandığında diyabetiklerde düşük 25-hidroksi vitamin D3 seviyelerine rastladık. Vitamin D indirekt insülin direnci indeksi ile negatif korele bulundu. Diyabetik hastalar 25-hidroksi vitamin D3 düzeyleri açısından gruplandığında hiçbir parametrede farklılık saptanmadı. Sonuç:­Çalışmamız tip 2 diyabetiklerde 25-hidroksi vitamin D3 seviyesinin belirgin olarak düşük olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Diyabetik hastalarda vitamin D eksikliği varsa, vitamin seviyeleri azaldıkça metabolik parametreleri daha fazla kötüleşmemektedir. Hipovitaminozis D non-diyabetiklerde de saptandığından toplumumuza vitamin D ilavesinin gerekli olduğunu düşünüyoruz. (Ha se ki T›p Bül te ni 2013; 51: 89-94) Anahtar­Kelimeler:­Tip 2 Diyabetes mellitus, Vitamin D Abs­tract
Stability and Performance of a Light Unmanned Airplane in Ground Effect

The objective of the present work is to understand the effect of ground proximity on the aerodynamic performance and stability of a light unmanned aerial vehicle. The flowfield around the airplane was computed by PAN AIR and Athena Vortex Lattice. The ground effect was simulated using the method of images. The stability coefficients and other aerodynamic characteristics were obtained at different heights above ground and in free flight. The results demonstrate that the airplane is lateral-directional statically stable, longitudinal statically stable in free flight and longitudinal statically unstable in ground effect. The dynamic stability characteristics of the airplane were obtained at different heights above ground. The phugoid mode is considerable influenced by ground effect and a divergent and non-oscillatory mode appears when the airplane is near to the ground. This is called non-dimensional height mode. The short-period, the Dutch roll, the roll and the spiral modes are slightly affected by ground effect. Significant differences were obtained when the z derivatives were neglected in the dynamic analysis for longitudinal motion. The present work demonstrates that the performance and stability of the unmanned airplane are considerably influenced by ground effect.
Self-Pulsation Dynamics in Narrow Stripe Semiconductor Lasers

In this paper, we address the physical origin of self-pulsation in narrow stripe edge emitting semiconductor lasers. We present both experimental time-averaged polarization- resolved near-field measurements performed with a charged-coupled device camera and picosecond time resolved near-field measurements performed with a streak camera. These results demonstrate dynamic spatial-hole burning during pulse formation and evolution. We conclude from these experimental results that the dominant process which drives the self-pulsation in this type of laser diode is carrier induced effective refractive index change induced by the spatial-hole burning.
Docking onto the endothelium : Trio directs leukocyte extravasation

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