Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the effect of air quality offsets on household air pollution and thermal comfort on the South Africa Highveld

South Africa, like other developing countries, has been facing air quality challenges. As a highly industrialised country, industrial emissions both from power generations and mining activities contribute significantly to ambient air pollution. Other sources of emissions come from the agricultural sector (including dust and biomass burning) and veld fires, especially during winter and spring. In both small and large townships, the major source of air pollution is domestic solid fuel burning both for cooking and space warming. Air quality management, therefore, has to struggle with the complex mix of these sources of emissions.
Statistical Evaluation of Task Scheduling Algorithms in Cloud Environments

Task scheduling algorithms in cloud have come a long way, from simplistic algorithms like first come first serve, to bio-inspired & machine learning algorithms like Q-learning and genetic algorithms. The main objective of any task scheduling algorithm is to minimize the number of execution cycles needed to completely and effectively execute a given set of tasks. In this work, we present a comparison of different scheduling algorithms and their performance evaluation. The proposed research takes into consideration different nuances of cloud task scheduling, which include task length, task completion time, virtual machine configuration and task deadline. Moreover, the review also includes containers, which ensures that the scheduler works effectively on a container environment to improve efficiency of the cloud deployment. We propose different comparisons of the algorithms which are under different task conditions. In our analysis, we reviewed all the algorithms on different tasks and under different virtual machine (VM) configurations. As per the research, the machine learning based algorithms perform better in terms of overall task scheduling efficiency when compared with others.
Determinants of Internet Banking Adoption in Turkey

Bu calisma, Turkiye'de internet bankaciligi kullaniminin bireysel duzeydeki belirleyicilerini toplumsal cinsiyete ozel onem vererek incelemektedir. Musterinin internet bankaciligini kullanma kararini etkileyen faktorlerin olculmesi icin ulusal temsil gucu yuksek bir hane halki anketi verileri kullanilarak lojistik regresyon modelleri tahmin edilmektedir. Ampirik sonuclar, Turkiye’de kadinlarin internet bankaciligi kullanma olasiliginin erkeklere kiyasla daha az oldugunu gostermektedir. Egitim duzeyi, calisiyor olma, hanehalki gelir duzeyi, internet kullaniminin sikligi, cesitliligi ve beceri duzeyi, internet bankaciligi hizmetlerini kullanma olasiligi ile pozitif iliskilidir. Ek olarak, yas internet bankaciliginin kullanimiyla dogrusal olmayan bir iliskiye sahiptir. Orta yasli Turk vatandaslarinin genc ve yaslilara kiyasla internet bankaciligi araclarini kullanma olasiliklari daha yuksektir. Bu nedenle, dijital ucurumun Turkiye orneginde var oldugu ve teknoloji kullanma konusundaki esitsizliklerin giderilmesinin Turkiye'deki finansal sisteme onemli faydalar saglama potansiyeline sahip oldugu sonucu ortaya cikmaktadir.
Development of an inoculant of phosphate rock-solubilizing bacteria to improve maize growth and nutrition

Phosphorus (P) is one of the major elements for plant growth; however, plant-available phosphorus is limited because it reacts with cations present in soil, forming low solubility phosphates. Therefore soluble P chemical fertilizers are used, but cost and concerns about environmental pollution through industrial production make the direct use of phosphate rocks (PRs) a more sustainable alternative for agriculture. The aim of this work was to isolate phosphate rock-solubilizing bacteria (PRSB) from maize mycorrhizosphere, capable of mobilizing P from PR and from low solubility P sources for sustainable organic maize production and to determine the solubilizing capacity of the isolated bacteria in the presence of PRs with different reactivities. Out of 118 isolates from maize cultivated in Quebec, eight belonging to Asaia lannaensis, Rahnella aquatilis, Pantoea agglomerans and Pseudomonas sp. were found to be the best PRSB. On solid media all strains mobilized P from Ca3(PO4)2, hydroxyapatite and PRs. A. lannaensis Vb1 was the only PRSB showing visible solubilization of AlPO4 and FePO4. In liquid media, PRs were solubilized by all the PRSB by producing Dgluconic acid and 2-ketogluconic acid and by lowering the pH. Depending on the reactivity of the PR used, Gafsa (the most reactive) allowed significantly higher P solubilization P(<0.001), followed by Tilemsi and finally Morocco (less reactive). The selected isolated improved the PR-solubilization by the addition of 12mM of EDTA in the liquid medium when Morocco PR was used as source of P. The best PRSB from each group (A. lannaensis Vb1, Pseudomonas Vr14, R. aquatilis Sr24 and P.agglomerans Vr25) were selected based on high PR solubilization, and IAA and siderophore production. These four isolates presented different biofilm formation and motility capacities. The selected isolates significantly increased shoot and root dry matter yields of two week old maize seedlings. The selected PRSB presented attributes suggesting that they can be used in the development of inoculants for organic maize production.
LOCALIZAÇÃO E ROTEAMENTO EM DOIS NÍVEIS NA DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE PRODUTOS EM ÁREAS URBANAS

The two-echelon location-routing problem with time windows and multiple deliverymen is a complex logistic problem that appears in real-life distribution of large volume of products, particularly in medium to large-sized cities. Because of driving and parking difficulties, the distribution is carried out on two levels; each vehicle travels between groups (clusters) of customers close to each other, and for each cluster, the delivery of the products is performed by the driver and possibly some helpers traveling with the driver and who visit the customers on foot from the vehicle stop location. This work describes a mathematical programming model for the problem. It is also reported results with examples generated from a correlated problem instances and based on real data from a Brazilian distributor.
Bayesian inference of neuronal ensembles

In many areas of the brain, both spontaneous and stimulus-evoked activity can manifest as synchronous activation of neuronal ensembles. The characterization of ensemble structure and dynamics provides important insights into how brain computations are distributed across neural networks. The proliferation of experimental techniques for recording the activity of neuronal ensembles calls for a comprehensive statistical method to describe, analyze and characterize these high dimensional datasets. Here we introduce a generative model of synchronous activity to describe spontaneously active neural ensembles. Unlike existing methods, our analysis provides a simultaneous estimation of ensemble composition, dynamics and statistical features of these neural populations, including ensemble noise and activity rate. We also introduce ensemble “coherence” as a measure of within-ensemble synchrony. We have used our method to characterize population activity throughout the tectum of larval zebrafish, allowing us to make statistical inference on the spatiotemporal organization of tectal ensembles, their composition and the logic of their interactions. We have also applied our method to functional imaging and neuropixels recordings from the mouse, allowing us to relate the activity of identified ensembles to specific behaviours such as running or changes in pupil diameter.
2020 Global nutrition report: action on equity to end malnutrition

The Global Nutrition Report calls on governments, businesses and civil society to step up efforts to address malnutrition in all its forms and tackle injustices in food and health systems. Everyone deserves access to healthy, affordable food and quality nutrition care. This access is hindered by deeper inequities that arise from unjust systems and processes that structure everyday living conditions. This year’s Global Nutrition Report uses the concept of nutrition equity to elucidate these inequities and show how they determine opportunities and barriers to attaining healthy diets and lives, leading to unequal nutrition outcomes. We examine the global burden of malnutrition with an equity lens to develop a fuller understanding of nutrition inequalities. In doing this, we pinpoint and prioritise key actions to amplify our efforts and propel progress towards ending malnutrition in all its forms. The Global Nutrition Report calls for a pro-equity agenda that mainstreams nutrition into food systems and health systems, supported by strong financing and accountability. With only five years left to meet the 2025 global nutrition targets, time is running out. We must focus action where the need is greatest for maximum impact.
Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of 18F-fluoroestradiol and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for breast cancer recurrence in patients with a history of estrogen receptor-positive primary breast cancer

Background To compare the diagnostic accuracy of 18F-fluoroestradiol (18F-FES) and 18F-fluorodoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for breast cancer recurrence in patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive primary breast cancer.Methods Our database of consecutive patients enrolled in a previous prospective cohort study to assess 18F-FES PET/CT was reviewed to identify eligible patients who had ER-positive primary breast cancer with suspected first recurrence at presentation and who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT. The diagnostic accuracy of qualitative 18F-FES and 18F-FDG PET/CT interpretations was assessed, comparing them with histological diagnoses.Results Of the 46 enrolled patients, 45 were confirmed as having recurrent breast cancer, while one was diagnosed with chronic granulomatous inflammation. Forty (89%) patients were ER-positive, four (9%) were ER-negative, and one (2%) patient did not undergo an ER assay. The sensitivity of 18F-FES PET/CT was 71.1% (32/45, 95% CI: 55.7–83.6), while that of 18F-FDG PET/CT was 80.0% (36/45, 95% CI: 65.4–90.4) when malignant interpretation was defined as positive, and 93.3% (42/45, 95% CI: 81.7–98.6) when an equivocal or malignant interpretation was considered positive. There was no significant difference in sensitivity between 18F-FES and 18F-FDG PET/CT (P=0.48) when malignant 18F-FDG interpretation was considered positive, but the sensitivity of 18F-FDG was significantly higher than 18F-FES (P=0.013) when equivocal or malignant interpretation was considered positive. One patient with a benign lesion showed negative 18F-FES but malignant 18F-FDG uptake.Conclusions The restaging of patients who had ER-positive primary breast cancer and present with recurrent disease may include 18F-FES PET/CT.
Transitions in brain-network level information processing dynamics are driven by alterations in neural gain

A key component of the flexibility and complexity of the brain is its ability to dynamically adapt its functional network structure between integrated and segregated brain states depending on the demands of different cognitive tasks. Integrated states are prevalent when performing tasks of high complexity, such as maintaining items in working memory, consistent with models of a global workspace architecture. Recent work has suggested that the balance between integration and segregation is under the control of ascending neuromodulatory systems, such as the noradrenergic system. In a previous large-scale nonlinear oscillator model of neuronal network dynamics, we showed that manipulating neural gain led to a ‘critical’ transition in phase synchrony that was associated with a shift from segregated to integrated topology, thus confirming our original prediction. In this study, we advance these results by demonstrating that the gain-mediated phase transition is characterized by a shift in the underlying dynamics of neural information processing. Specifically, the dynamics of the subcritical (segregated) regime are dominated by information storage, whereas the supercritical (integrated) regime is associated with increased information transfer (measured via transfer entropy). Operating near to the critical regime with respect to modulating neural gain would thus appear to provide computational advantages, offering flexibility in the information processing that can be performed with only subtle changes in gain control. Our results thus link studies of whole-brain network topology and the ascending arousal system with information processing dynamics, and suggest that the constraints imposed by the ascending arousal system constrain low-dimensional modes of information processing within the brain. Author summary Higher brain function relies on a dynamic balance between functional integration and segregation. Previous work has shown that this balance is mediated in part by alterations in neural gain, which are thought to relate to projections from ascending neuromodulatory nuclei, such as the locus coeruleus. Here, we extend this work by demonstrating that the modulation of neural gain alters the information processing dynamics of the neural components of a biophysical neural model. Specifically, we find that low levels of neural gain are characterized by high Active Information Storage, whereas higher levels of neural gain are associated with an increase in inter-regional Transfer Entropy. Our results suggest that the modulation of neural gain via the ascending arousal system may fundamentally alter the information processing mode of the brain, which in turn has important implications for understanding the biophysical basis of cognition.
LCFT and Sine-Liouville theory

LCFT is special conformal field theory with logarithmic terms in operator product expansion OPE. It is well-known that it is possible to construct operators with logarithmical terms in OPE at Liouville model. Here we discuss this topic for some generalization of Liouville model, such as Sine-Liouville model.
بررسـی حس عمقی وکنترل کمری_لگنی، در زنان با و بدون دیاستازیس رکتوس و ارتباط آنها با درد و ناتوانی کمری پس از زایمان

چکیدهسابقه و هدف: به افزایش فاصله بین دو عضله راست شکمی در دوران بارداری و پس از آن دیاستازیس رکتی می‌گویند. شیوع این عارضه در زنان پس از زایمان، 66 درصد است. با توجه به بی‌ثباتی ستون فقرات و لگن در این افراد، اختلال در حس عمقی و کنترل کمری-لگنی می‌تواند یکی از عوامل درد و ناتوانی کمری در آنها باشد، در نتیجه هدف از این مقاله بررسـی وضعیت حس عمقی وکنترل کمری-لگنی، در زنان با و بدون دیاستازیس رکتی و ارتباط آن‌ها با درد و ناتوانی کمری پس از زایمان است. مواد و روشها: 18 خانم سالم با میانگین سن 55/4±77/25 سال و 18 خانم مبتلا به دیاستازیس رکتوس با میانگین سنی 69/5±83/28 سال، که 2 الی 5 ماه از زایمان آنها گذشته بود در مطالعه شرکت داشتند. میزان خطای بازسازی زاویه 30 درجه فلکشن کمر با گونیامتر در وضعیت چشم بسته و در حالت ایستاده ارزیابی شد؛ کنترل کمری-لگنی نیز با استفاده از تست میدانی گام جانبی(Lateral Step Down) اندازه‌گیری شد. یافتهها: یافته‌های مطالعه نشان داد که، میانگین خطای بازسازی زاویه فلکشن کمری-لگنی در گروه مبتلا به دیاستازیس رکتی، به طور معناداری بیشتر از گروه سالم بود (0001/0=P). در تست گام جانبی نیز بین گروه سالم و مبتلا به این عارضه تفاوت معناداری دیده شد(0001/0=P). نتیجه گیری: نتایج مطالعه نشان داد دیاستازیس رکتی، که در برخی از خانوم‌ها پس از زایمان رخ می‌دهد؛ می‌تواند مشکلاتی چون اختلال در حس عمقی و کنترل کمری-لگنی ایجاد نموده که ممکن است به درد و ناتوانی در کمر بیانجامد.
A Study on Education Level and the Fertility Desire of Second Child——Based on CGSS2015 empirical test

Based on the CGSS (2015) data, this article explores the relationship between the level of education and the the fertility desire of second child from a microscopic perspective by constructing the Logit model. An empirical study found that there is a significant "U-shaped" curve relationship between education level and the fertility desire of second child. With the improvement of education level, fertility intention showed a trend of decreasing first and then rising, and the turning point was 10.77 years. The relationship between education level and fertility desire revealed by this research provides a decision-making reference for China ’s fertility policy and related economic and social policies, and it points out that under the new social conditions, people ’s fertility concept and fertility desire are given new connotation.
Introduction to ‘Inside-Out Interviews: Cross-Cultural Research in China’

Plakoyiannaki, Wei, and Prashantham (2019: 218) in their introduction to the Special Issue on Doing Qualitative Research in Emerging Markets point to the importance of ‘inside-out’ (vs. ‘outside-in’) research. They write: ‘This approach is able to particularize and capture the uniqueness of investigated phenomena through indigenous and engaged scholarship. ’ Such local interviews are discussed by Sposato and Jeffrey (2020) in the commentary titled ‘Inside-Out Interviews: Cross-Cultural Research in China’. Based on interview experience, Sposato and Jeffrey problematize a researcher’s positionality – does gender, ethnicity, social class matter? The responses ‘It’s a Chinese thing’ or a ‘woman’s thing’ were evoked in interview contexts interpreted as talking to an outsider by the interviewee. The authors note that there is an opportunity to enrich interview data in working both with outsider and insider facilitators to gain more nuanced responses and explanations while being conscientious about the researcher impact. Whether the interviewee interprets the positionality as outside or inside goes beyond easy labelling. ‘Let me explain to you. ’may be a start of a good interview, and a point of reflection for the researcher. Such a reflection may invite us, as the Special Issue editors note, to examine the assumptions of dominant theories in the Emerging Markets context. More meaningful research may result. Husbands not helping with domestic chores may still be ‘excused’ as singularly career focused in their own eyes – an explanation shared only with a female interviewer. The paper contributes to the literature on qualitative research from the perspective of using local interview facilitators.
Unleashing the potential of all-female cobia farming

Cobia is a pelagic fish with tropical and subtropical distribution across the globe and ideal biological attributes amenable to aquaculture: growth rates of five kg per year, excellent fillets for sashimi, relative ease of juvenile production and acceptance of formulated diets. Cobia has been farmed in Asia, the Americas and Australia. However, farmed stocks remain unimproved and the genetic basis for economic important traits are still unknown as there is very limited genomic information and resources available for the species. Given cobia is a mass-spawner, whereby single pair mating or artificial fertilization techniques are either impractical or not available for full control of the reproductive output, the development of a rapid, reliable and cost-effective genotyping strategy is the first critical genetic tool for the domestication of the species without inbreeding. DNA parentage analysis would enable our understanding of broodstock contribution to mass-spawning, and the estimation of relatedness, genetic parameters and breeding values of selected candidates. In this study, previously reported microsatellite markers were scanned for polymorphisms and nine highly informative markers were incorporated into an optimized multiplex PCR suite (PET_Rca1B-H09, PET_Rca1-A11, PET_Rca1B-F06, NED_Rca1-C04, NED_Rca1B-C06, VIC_Rca1B-E08A, VIC_Rca1-H08, FAM_Rca1-H01, FAM_Rca1B-D10), which successfully amplified 97.5% of loci typed. A total of 77 alleles were identified within broodstock, averaging 8.55 (6~11) alleles per locus, 0.753 (0.69~0.82) of polymorphic information content and 0.837 (0.59~1) of observed heterozygosity. DNA parentage analysis of offspring produced in February 2018 yielded 95% success in assignment rate (74 out of 78 tested offspring). Seven families (out of two females and four males) were identified, with one of the females mothering 80% of the offspring. Paternal contributions to the spawning were less skewed, with three males contributing to ~30% of the offspring. This reliable and cost-effective genotyping strategy enabled rapid and unambiguous DNA parentage analysis for the first time in the species, and highlighted the efficacy of broodstock management at the Bribie Island Research Centre to reliably produce larvae from multiple families. The adoption of this standard marker panel in studies of wild and farmed populations will facilitate our understanding of the species diversity and contribute to the genetic improvement of cobia worldwide.
HAVING CONTACT HISTORY WITH TB ACTIVE CASES AND MALNUTRITION AS RISK FACTORS OF TB INCIDENCE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN NORTH SUMATERA, INDONESIA

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. It is carrying a heavy public health problem burden in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the risk of poor knowledge of TB, socioeconomic status, malnutrition and contact history with TB cases with the incidence of TB in Medan. This was a cross sectional study conducted between May – August 2019 in Medan municipality, in the three highest TB cases incidence public health centers (puskesmas). Structural interviews were conducted to solicit demographic data, clinical data, as well as the risk factors. Logistic regression was conducted to assess the potential risk factors associated with the infection. We enrolled 260 clinically suspected cases of TB, comprising 135 (51.9%) cases positive for TB and 125 (48.1%) cases negative for TB. In multivariate model, those who had contact history with active TB cases and those who malnourished had higher odds of having TB infection, with adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 5.58 (95%CI:3.13–9.93) and aOR: 3.36 (95%CI: 1.87–6.02), respectively. Having contact history with TB active case and malnutrition were the most significant risk factors of TB incidence in Medan municipality, North Sumatera, Indonesia. Therefore, educating patients on the importance of cough or sneezes etiquette procedures including use of face masks to minimize the risk of infection.
Preparative Isolation of a Novel Flavonoid from an Infusion of Byrsonima basiloba Leaves by High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography

A method for the isolation of three compounds from the infusion of leaves of Byrsonima basiloba A. Juss. by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was developed. This technique led to the separation of a novel compound, quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-allopyranoside, and two known compounds quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-galactopyranoside and (+)-catechin in 4 h with purities of over 92%. The structures of the compounds were determined by one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and HPLC.
Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA)

The X-ray beam penetrates several microns into the sample. When this occurs, core electrons from the atoms of the samples are freed, but only the electrons from the near surface region (top few nanometers) can leave the surface. The instrument collects and measures the kinetic energy of these electrons from which we can calculate the binding energy, which originally held the electron to its source atom.