Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
"Genève face à la menace terroriste". Analyse du cadrage médiatique en cas de crise

Le 10 decembre 2015, le canton de Geneve est en effervescence. Selon un communique de presse du departement de la securite et de l’economie, des suspects lies aux attentats de Paris se trouveraient a Geneve ou dans la region genevoise. Les medias reagissent immediatement avec de nombreuses publications pour tenir la population informee. Ce travail de memoire a donc pour objectif d’examiner comment se construit un cadrage mediatique dans un contexte aussi anxiogene. Il etudie la maniere dont les communiques de presse ont de l’influence sur le cadrage effectue par les medias, la difference de cadrage entre les supports et son evolution dans le temps. Il montre finalement la difference entre le cadrage effectue par les medias regionaux et celui du service public.
Lieux de Travail Multiculturels et l’utilité des Modèles du Stress Professionnel Existants: Synthèse Bibliographique

Recently, an increasing number of studies have been devoted to occupational stress research and its effects on employees health. Although stress models have attempted to capture most of the aspects that can influence the health and well-being of employees in the workplace, it must be clear that work stress has not yet been clearly defined in multicultural work contexts. The purpose of this paper is to review the existing literature on occupational stress in a multicultural perspective and to evaluate the utility of existing models in this new context, which has been little studied. Indeed, a literature search on online scientific databases has identified five models that have addressed occupational stress in a multicultural context. Thus, the analysis of these models shows that they have limits and must be widened to take into account the variables specific to this new context. Recemment, un nombre croissant d'etudes a ete consacre a la recherche sur le stress en milieu professionnel et ses effets sur la sante des employes. Bien que les modeles conceptuels sur le stress aient tente de saisir la plupart des aspects susceptibles d’influencer la sante et le bien-etre des employes en milieu de travail, il est a noter cependant que le stress professionnel n’a pas encore ete bien defini dans les contextes de travail multiculturels. L’objectif vise a travers la presente synthese bibliographique est de passer en revue la litterature existante sur le stress au travail dans une perspective multiculturelle et d’analyser l’utilite des modeles existants dans ce nouveau contexte qui est jusqu’alors peu etudie. En effet, une recherche documentaire sur les bases de donnees scientifiques en ligne nous a permis de retenir cinq modeles ayant aborde le stress professionnel dans un contexte multiculturel. L‘analyse de ces modeles fait ressortir qu‘ils presentent des limites et doivent etre elargis pour tenir compte des variables propres a ce nouveau contexte.
Chemopreventive Effects of Azadirachta indica on Cancer Marker Indices and Ultrastructural Changes During 1,2- Dimethylhydrazine-Induced Colon Carcinogenesis in Rats

The present study elucidated the prospective of Azadirachta indica supplementation, if any, in affording chemoprevention by modulating the altered cancer markers and ultrastructural changes in DMH-induced colorectal carcinogenesis in rats. The rats were segregated into four groups viz., normal control, DMH treated, A. indica trea- ted, and DMH? AI treated. Initiation and induction of colon carcinogenesis were achieved through weekly sub- cutaneous injections of DMH (30 mg/kg body weight) for both 10 and 20 weeks. A. indica extract was supplemented to rats at a dose rate of 100 mg/kg body weight of animals thrice a week on alternative days, ad libitum for two dif- ferent time durations of 10 and 20 weeks. The study observed a significant increase in the number of aberrant crypt foci in colons of DMH-treated rats at both the time intervals which were decreased significantly upon AI supplementation. Also, a significant increase was seen in the enzyme activity of alkaline phosphatase, which, how- ever, was moderated upon AI administration to DMH- treated rats. Changes in the ultrastructural architecture of colonic cells were apparent following both the treatment schedules of DMH; however, the changes were prominent following 20 weeks of DMH treatment. The most obvious changes were seen in the form of altered nuclear shape and disruption of cellular integrity, which were appreciably improved upon AI supplementation. In conclusion, the study shows the chemopreventive abilities of AI against DMH-induced colorectal carcinogenesis in rats.
Ownership and Regional Economic Impact: The Case of Wind Development in Minnesota

The Upper Midwest is poised for a major investment boom in wind-powered electricity generation. Public policy currently favors corporate ownership structures for new investment in this field, but when wind development takes place under the aegis of an external corporate ownership group the local economic participation will generally be limited to a minor role. This study attempts to quantify the regional value-added and employment consequences of localversus outside-ownership of wind-powered electricity generation. We employ a realistic pro forma model of a “flip” structure -i.e. a local equity “community wind” group partnered with an external tax-motivated equity group -for a modestly sized (9.9 MW) wind farm, using recent vendor-certified capital costs combined with additional financial estimates from industry participants, assuming a class four wind resource. The present value of the residuals (after tax profits) as well as the other O&M expenditures are annuitized and entered into a Minnesota state-level input-output model. We find that, respectively, under pessimistic and optimistic parameter assumptions in the community-wind group’s pro forma, the impact on state-level value added is 3.1 and 4.5 times larger than the impact would be under an external ownership structure. The impact on employment is respectively 2.5 and 3.5 times larger than that generated by an external ownership structure. * The author thanks John Ihle, Dan Juhl, and Lowell Rasmussen for generously sharing data and experience. Research assistance was provided by Dugan Flanders and Thompson Clifford. Ownership and Regional Economic Impact: The Case of Wind Development in Minnesota
Factors Affecting Carbon Emission Trading Price: Evidence from China

ABSTRACT Since the Chinese national carbon trading market was launched in 2017, the carbon trading price has become an important research topic. This study constructs the ‘China carbon trading price index’, and then a SVAR model with the China carbon trading price index, the EU carbon trading price index, an industrial index, the China Securities Index energy index (CSI), an air quality index (AQI) and the HS300 to study carbon trading prices in China. The result shows that the EU carbon trading price and AQI have a direct effect on China carbon trading price. Meanwhile, the CSI energy index, industrial index and HS300 have an indirect effect on the carbon trading price, and the effect is slightly positive. In addition, the volatility of China’s carbon trading price is mainly internally driven, while the volatility of the other economic variables examined is mostly driven by the EU carbon trading price index and the industrial index.
Sugerencias a partir del análisis de sensibilidad de un modelo matemático de transmisión de chikungunya

Chikungunya fever seriously affects peoples' health and causes chronic joint pain and even disability. Chikungunya is transmitted by the bite of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Outbreaks have been reported in throughout the world, including Latin America. Mathematical modeling studies of these outbreaks have calculated the values of various​ epidemiological parameters. Based on them, a mathematical model was prepared to simulate a chikungunya outbreak in a local population, which was transmitted from an neighboring infected population. A sensitivity and uncertainty analysis revealed that the mosquito-to-human and human-to-mosquito transmission rates are the variables with the highest correlation with the number infected people, which were greatest at 60 days after the first case in the neighboring population. Therefore, it is recommended to take this into consideration when planning policies to control such variables as isolation of infected people, distribution of mosquito netting and repellents, fumigation, among others.
HEDGING OPTIONS FOR A LARGE INVESTOR AND FORWARD-BACKWARD SDE'S

In the classical continuous-time financial market model, stock prices have been understood as solutions to linear stochastic differential equations, and an important problem to solve is the problem of hedging options (functions of the stock price values at the expiration date). In this paper we consider the hedging problem not only with a price model that is nonlinear, but also with coefficients of the price equations that can depend on the portfolio strategy and the wealth process of the hedger. In mathematical terminology, the problem translates to solving a forward-backward stochastic differential equation with the forward diffusion part being degenerate. We show that, under reasonable conditions, the four step scheme of Ma, Protter and Yong for solving forward-backward SDE's still works in this case, and we extend the classical results of hedging contingent claims to this new model. Included in the examples is the case of the stock volatility increase caused by overpricing the option, as well as the case of different interest rates for borrowing and lending.
An algorithm for solving optimization problems involving special frequency dependent LMIs

The problem of optimizing a linear objective over a set of frequency dependent linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) can frequently be found in systems and control applications. Typically, these problems are solved by transforming the frequency dependent LMIs to non-frequency dependent ones, which are then treated under the framework of semi-definite programming. The transformation, however, requires additional decision variables which increase the computational complexity and reduce the computation speed. In this paper, an alternative solution is proposed. The main feature of the proposed approach is that no additional decision variables are introduced.
Water markets as coupled infrastructure systems: comparing the development of water rights and water markets in Heihe, Shiyang and Yellow Rivers

ABSTRACT A Coupled Infrastructure Systems perspective is applied to three cases in north-western China to explain how and why water rights systems and water markets have changed since 1949. The evolution of water rights systems has been shaped by periods of water-supply projects and periods that emphasized regulatory and institutional measures to manage water resources. We argue that water supply infrastructure and water markets have been developed not in sequence but in parallel. The development of water diversion projects and nationwide market-oriented water allocation reform programmes will continue to co-evolve in the future as part of complex coupled infrastructure systems.
Poverty, Seasonal Scarcity and Exchange Asymmetries

A growing literature associates poverty with biases in decision-making. We investigate this link in a sample of over 3,000 small-scale farmers in Zambia, who participated in a series of experiments involving the opportunity to exchange randomly assigned household items for alternative items of similar value. Analyzing a total of 5,842 trading decisions over a range of household items, we show that exchange asymmetries are sizable and remarkably robust across items and experimental procedures. Using cross sectional, seasonal and randomized variation in financial resource availability, we show that exchange asymmetries decrease in magnitude when subjects are more constrained. Consistent with the interpretation that financial constraints increase decision stakes, we also show that trading probabilities increase when the value of the items involved is exogenously increased.
Social media impacts the relation between interpersonal conflict and job performance

Previous research has predominantly focused on the effects of cognitive and emotional reactions on the relation between interpersonal conflict and job performance. The effects of behavioral reactions, however, have been largely ignored. To fill this gap, this study aims to investigate how behavioral reactions indexed by Wechat use affects the above relation. Specifically, demand-control-support theory and demand-control-person theory form the basis for a stressor–strain model and a joint investigation of 1) Wechat use as mediating the link between interpersonal conflict with job performance and 2) relatedness need satisfaction and emotional social support as moderating the mediation. A moderated mediation model is tested with matched data collected thrice from 300 subordinates and their supervisors. Results highlight the importance of behavioral mechanisms and state-like individual differences when examining the relationships between interpersonal conflict and job performance.
Home Education in China

Today no country can afford to neglect education, which is one of the key factors for developing a nation. Besides school and society, home plays an important role in education as well. To know about home education in China, we interviewed some families on the eve of International Children's Day, hoping that people who care for the raising of children will share the experiences of the parents and young parents will learn something from the talk.
Comparison of WLAN Probe and Light Sensor-Based Estimators of Bus Occupancy Using Live Deployment Data

Bus company operators are interested in obtaining knowledge about the number of passengers on their buses—preferably doing so at low deployment costs and in an automated manner, while keeping accuracy high. One solution, widely used in practice, involves deploying a light sensor-based system, counting the people entering and leaving the bus. The light sensor system is simple, but errors accumulate over time, because it is not capable of error correcting. For this reason, the light sensor-based system is compared to a WLAN probe-based system, which has entirely different characteristics. Inaccuracy with the WLAN estimator comes from a need to filter out mobile devices outside the bus and to map the number of detected devices to a number of people. The comparison is performed based on data collected from a real-life deployment in a medium sized German city. The comparison shows the trade-off in selecting either of the two methods. Furthermore, a novel approach for fusion of the light sensor and WLAN estimators is proposed which has a big potential in improving accuracy of both estimators. A fusion approach is proposed that utilizes the different error characteristics for error compensation by calculating compensation terms. The knowledge of Ground Truth is not required as part of this fusion approach for calibration; results show that the approach can find the optimal parameter settings and that it makes this occupancy estimation approach scalable and automated.
Body Condition Scoring of Horses

Equine body condition is primarily a function of the balance between a horse’s intake and expenditure of energy and is affected by both external and internal factors. Availability and amount of feed and water, reproductive status, changes in weather, parasite load, performance demands, and dental abnormalities are all factors that may influence the body condition of horses. This system of appraisal is based on the amount and proportion of fat and muscle present on an animal. A numerical value 2 (emaciated) to 8 (very fat) is assigned to horses based on visual appraisal and palpable fat cover at six areas of the horse’s body (Fig. 1). These areas can be described in such detail as to provide the equine appraiser with a visual image for scoring (Table 1). To accurately determine body condition, horsemen must rely on both visual observation (what the horse looks like), and manual palpation (what the horse feels like). The technique of evaluating and quantifying a horse’s body condition is a tool horsemen can use for nutrition and reproduction management decisions.
LIII Mechanisms of the Inner Ear

My task on this program is to review some of the fundamental bioacoustic and electrophysiological mechanisms of the inner ear. I shall try to select them with a view to what I consider to be their importance for understanding the action of the ear as a whole. I shall also spice the dish by giving my personal assessment of confidence in the present evidence supporting various propositions, and adding an occasional glimpse into the crystal ball.
Repressive agent defections: How power, costs, and uncertainty influence military behavior and state repression

Leaders are incentivized to repress in the face of mobilized dissent. However, leaders are unable to repress alone and rely on repressive agents, who can shirk the order and weaken the leader’s control. I use a formal model to analyze when the leader can use repression strategically to avoid defection, based on leader type. Each type has incentives to repress to distort the leader’s risk of removal and thus deter defection. Power, cost, and uncertainty are important in both the leader’s and the agent’s decision to repress. Testable hypotheses reveal how executive power and punishment influence the level of repression.
Flora of Kashmir with Antimicrobial Activity-A Review

Plants are the source of large amount of drugs comprising to different groups such as antispasmodics, emetics, anti-cancer, antimicrobials etc. A large number of the plants are claimed to possess the antibiotic properties in the traditional system and are also used extensively by the tribal people worldwide. It is now believed that nature has given the cure of every disease in one way or another. Plants have been known to relieve various diseases in Ayurveda. Therefore, the researchers today are emphasizing on evaluation and characterization of various plants and plant constituents against a number of diseases based on their traditional claims of the plants given in Ayurveda. In this present review, an attempt has been made to give an overview of certain bioactive compounds which may have the antimicrobial activity.
Positive correlation between adenosine deaminase activity and superoxide formation during phagocytosis.

: Phagocytosis and membrane perturbation in mouse macrophages results in an increased superoxide ion production which is in direct proportion to the concomitant increase in adenosine deaminase activity. Since adenosine deaminase activity controls the amount of substrate available to xanthine oxidase, and the latter produces superoxide during turnover of its substrates, it is proposed that the purine salvage pathway is an important source of the superoxide requirement of macrophages. It is further proposed that this may be the basis, at least in part, for the mechanism of the association of immunodeficiency with adenosine deaminase deficiency.
Innovating with Limited Resources: The Antecedents and Consequences of Frugal Innovation

Frugal innovation is a resource scarce solution for emerging market firms. Based upon the resource-constrained innovation perspective, this research theoretically explores and empirically examines the drivers and consequences of frugal innovation. The results of a firm-level survey show that two types of frugal innovation (cost innovation and affordable value innovation) positively affect the performance of emerging-market firms. We also address the issues of how emerging-market firms deal with institutional, technological, and market constraints in emerging markets, and we show how these constraints drive frugal innovation. We find that emerging-market firms with higher levels of capability for institutional leverage and bricolage, and firms that face perceived dysfunctional competition, tend to generate more affordable, value-added new products. Overall, these findings have important implications for emerging-market firms seeking to conduct frugal innovation in resource-constrained emerging markets.
Fully Automatic Journalism: We Need to Talk About Nonfake News Generation

It would have been hard this year not to be aware of the furore around OpenAI’s ‘too dangerous to release’ GPT-2 text generator,1 with one carefully selected text about unicorns in particular cropping up everywhere (Figure 1). Text generation using large neural language models trained on large datasets (Zellers et al., 2019; Radford et al., 2019) is reaching headline grabbing levels of quality, with coverage focusing on the dangers of misuse, in particular for fake news generation. There are factors that make these models less dangerous than the headlines imply: one, the content of generated texts is not fully controllable beyond general topic, with a lot of unpredictability in the output. Two, texts generated with models like GPT-2 are easy to spot, because they contain telltale inconsistencies and non sequiturs (e.g. ‘fourhorned unicorns’ and ‘two centuries old mystery’ in Figure 1). Besides, the very techniques that make the models work so well for generation, also make it easy to automatically detect text generated by them, using tools like GLTR (Gehrmann et al., 2019) and Grover (Zellers et al., 2019). Meanwhile, the first fully automatic news generators are going into production without much media furore or awareness among readers, driven by very different, fully controllable and as yet undetectable, text generation technologies.
Seven Years of Terror: Jihadi Organisations’ Strategies and Future Directions

This paper aims to provide practitioners and academics with an empirical approach for assessing the current state and future directions of the Salafi-Jihadi Movement’s (SJM) member organisations. Making use of available data, it taps into the Islamic State’s (IS) and al-Qaeda’s (AQ) strategic priorities. Then, the article maps and examines various strategies of the broader SJM using game theory. It assigns numerical representations to these strategies based on both the quantitative analysis of AQ’s and IS’s strategic priorities and published assessments of jihadi organisations’ strategies. The findings suggest that Localisation is the most pragmatic approach when compared to global undertaking for winning the hearts and minds of jihadi constituencies or proto-state building. Moreover, the results indicate that to regain hegemony of the SJM, AQ may opt to orchestrate terrorist attacks against the West. The model also shows that IS scores the highest payoffs through using guerrilla warfare methods and sleeper cells—as well as by rebuilding its depleted capacities and carrying out attacks that polarise Sunni communities. The paper concludes by providing implications, limitations, and directions for future research.
The joint effects of need for status and mental imagery perspective on luxury hospitality consumption in China

ABSTRACT Given the increasing influence of social media on the hospitality industry, luxury hotels have begun to utilize social media platforms as primary marketing tools. This research reveals the joint effects of mental imagery perspective and need for status on Chinese consumers’ intentions to partake in luxury hotel experiences after viewing social media photos about luxury hotel consumption. For affluent consumers with high need for status, photos taken from a first-person (vs. third-person) perspective lead to higher behavioral intentions. This research further demonstrates that immersion serves as an underlying mechanism. The findings have important implications for luxury hotel managers.