Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pricing Interrelated Goods in Oligopoly

In this paper we propose a two-good model of price competition in an oligopoly where the two goods can be complements or substitutes and each retailer has a captive consumer base `a la Burdett and Judd (1983). We find that the symmetric Nash Equilibrium of this model features atomless pricing strategies for both goods. When the two goods are complements the prices charged by any retailer are, at least locally, negatively correlated so if one of the goods is priced high the other one is on a discount. This finding is supported by an empirical observation that simultaneous discounts of complements are infrequent. In contrast, if the goods are substitutes or independently valued the prices will be randomized independently unless the less valuable substitute is not sold at all. In the case of complements the retailers earn higher profit relative to the case of selling both goods only as a bundle. The ability to "discriminate" between the captives and the shoppers through keeping the sum of the two prices high while setting one of the prices low drives the result. Such discrimination is impossible when the goods are substitutes as consumers switch to buying the lower priced substitute. Additionally, we provide some insights on bundling in the price dispersion setting.
Tomb Raiders and Space Invaders: Video Games in the 21st Century

Videogames now rival Hollywood cinema in popularity and profits and there are huge followings for titles such as Tomb Raider or The Sims. Exactly what games offer, however, as a distinct form of entertainment, has received scant attention. This book is a valuable contribution to this new field. Its main focus is on key formal aspects of games and the experiences and pleasures offered by the activities they require of the player. A wide range of games are considered, from first-person shooters to third-person action-adventures, strategy, sports-related and role-playing games. Issues examined in detail include the characteristics of gameplay and its relationship with narrative, genre, virtual landscapes, realism, spectacle and sensation. Lively and accessible in style, this book is written for both an academic readership and the wider audience of gamers and those interested in popular culture.
When Is Metafrontier Analysis Appropriate? An Example of Varietal Differences in Pistachio Production in Iran

Estimates of technical inefficiency in agricultural production are suspect so long as variations exist in production technology among the sampled farmers. Traditional methods of dealing with these technological differences risk attributing "technology gaps" to technical inefficiency between farms, pointing to the need to undertake a metafrontier analysis that allows technology gaps to be distinguished from technical inefficiency. Using farm-level data on the production of three different varieties of pistachio trees in Iran, we outline two criteria to justify its use: an inability in farmers to switch between production technologies except in the long term, and satisfaction of statistical tests on metafrontier coefficients. The application of metafrontier analysis enabled technical efficiency scores to be corrected for differences in production capacity imposed by tree variety. Results reveal that there is very little difference in technical efficiency between farms growing the different tree varieties. But they show that ignoring the production constraints imposed by variety choice could overstate the scope for farmers to improve their technical performance by adopting better farming practices. The results also indicate that it is misleading to compare the performance of different tree varieties on the basis of yield per hectare alone.
TNF-α expression, not iNOS expression, is correlated with NF-κB activation in the spinal cord of rats following peripheral nerve injury

Previous studies have shown that pro-inflammatory cytokines were involved in the genesis and persistence of neuropathic pain. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) plays a crucial role in regulating proinflammatory cytokine gene expression. In this study, we examined the hypothesis that NF-κB would regulate the expression of spinal tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) following chronic constriction nerve injury (CCI) in rats. CCI induced a significant upregulation of NF-κB in the ipsilateral spinal cord on postoperative Day 7 as revealed by Western blot, immunohistochemistry and real time polymerase chain reaction (real time-PCR). Moreover, TNF-α mRNA expression was markedly upregulated by CCI, whereas only a low level of iNOS mRNA was detected in the ipsilateral spinal cord. The immunohistochemical data indicated a pattern of colocalization between NF-κB and TNF-α within spinal cord dorsal horn. These results show that NF-κB activation is correlated with TNF-α expression, but not iNOS expression, in the spinal cord after peripheral nerve injury. Key words: Neuropathic pain, chronic constriction nerve injury, NF-κB; TNF-α, iNOS.
Are Computational Explanations Vacuous

There is a certain worry about computational information processing explanations which occasionally arises. It takes the following general form: The informational content of computational systems is not genuine. It is ascribed to the system by an external observer. But if this is the case, why can't it be ascribed to any system? And if it can be ascribed to any system, then surely it is a vacuous notion for explanatory purposes. I respond to this worry by arguing that not every system can be accurately described as a computational information processing system.
JAMAL 7-2 Agt 2016.indd

Sustainable Development, Balinese Local Wisdom, and Emancipatory Accounting. This study is aimed to comprehend interrelationship between emancipation concepts in sustainable development and Balinese local wisdom Tri Hita Karana, and its implication to emancipatory accounting. Framed with critical research, qualitative content analysis and reflective approach, data analysis was conducted. It concludes that sustainable development is strugling for emancipations to ecosystem, intrageneration and intergeneration. Spiritual development must become the foundation of emancipatory struggles since human beings are immanent and trancedental creature. Development of emancipatory accounting must be based on this understanding and must be reflected in the emancipative struggles of accountants. Kata kunci: Emancipatory Accounting, Spiritualitas, Sustainable Development, Tri Hita Karana. “Emancipatory accounting research and practice may be falling short of not only effectively addressing the social injustices and environmental crises that it is concerned about, but also of realizing of the full emancipatory potentialities of accounting practice because it has neglected, in various ways, to make spiritual realization the heart of its practice” (Molisa 2011 :453). Terminologi emancipatory accounting yang digunakan oleh Molisa (2011) menunjukkan bahwa akuntansi adalah pengetahuan yang dapat membebaskan umat manusia dari social injustices maupun environmental crisis. Pengurangan, bahkan penghentian, merupakan permasalahan penting yang diperjuangkan dalam sustainable development. Dengan demikian, saya merasa sangat beralasan untuk menyatakan bahwa agenda sustainable development adalah sebuah proyek emansipasi yang memandang dan menempatkan umat manusia sebagai pusat kajian. Konsep ini dapat dengan mudah ditemukan pada sumber tekstual pemikiran sustainable development yang dipublikasikan oleh badan-badan internasional di bawah naungan United Nations. Frasa-frasa berikut dapat menjadi Tanggal Masuk:
Archaeologies of remembrance : death and memory in past societies

Introduction H. Williams. Building from Memory V. Cummings. Rates of (Ex)change C. Fowler. Technologies of Remembrance A. Jones. Tales from the Dead M. Williams. Remembering Rome V.M. Hope. Objects Without a Past? H. Eckardt, H. Williams. Iconoclasm, Belief and Memory in Early Medieval Wales G. Longden. Memories in Stone D. Petts. Memory, Salvation and Ambiguity V. Thompson. Remembering and Forgetting the Medieval Dead H. Williams. Memories of the Early Medieval Past B. Effros. Dyster star dosen C. Holtorf. Index.
Exploring intentions towards human, social and financial capital investments in a turbulent economic environment

This article applies the theory of planned behaviour in order to understand intentions to create new ventures or participate in existing ones, by investing human, social and financial capital in a turbulent economic environment, such as the one in Greece. We hypothesize that subjective norms relate to investment intentions (IIs) and that individual attitudes and perceived behavioural control over the investment mediate this relationship. We also propose that norms, attitudes and control interact in explaining IIs in such a way that intentions are stronger when positive norms and attitudes coexist with high levels of control. Hypotheses are tested by means of a cross-sectional quantitative study that was conducted in Greece (N = 203). Bootstrap analyses support our mediation hypotheses by showing that norms relate positively to IIs via their associations with positive attitudes and high control. In addition, regression analyses show that norms, attitudes and control interact in explaining intentions. However, contrary to expectations, results show that positive attitudes towards investment boost IIs, in conditions where norms are positive but control is low.
Minimum Input Variances for Modelling Rainfall-runoff Using ANN

This paper presents the study of possible input variances for modeling the long-term runoff series using artificial neural network (ANN). ANN has the ability to derive the relationship between the inputs and outputs of a process without the physics being provided to it, and it is believed to be more flexible to be used compared to the conceptual models [1]. Data series from the Kurau River sub-catchment was applied to build the ANN networks and the model was calibrated using the input of rainfall, antecedent rainfall, temperature, antecedent temperature and antecedent runoff. In addition, the results were compared with the conceptual model, named IHACRES. The study reveal that ANN and IHACRES can simulate well for mean runoff but ANN gives a remarkable performance compared to IHACRES, if the model customizes with a good configuration.
Fracture permeability and seismic wave scattering--Poroelastic linear-slip interface model for heterogeneous fractures

Fracture permeability and seismic wave scattering –Poroelastic Linear-Slip Interface model for heterogeneous fractures Seiji Nakagawa and Larry R. Myer, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA Summary Schoenberg’s Linear-slip Interface (LSI) model for single, compliant, viscoelastic fractures has been extended to poroelastic fractures for predicting seismic wave scattering. However, this extended model results in no impact of the in-plane fracture permeability on the scattering. Recently, we proposed a variant of the LSI model considering the heterogeneity in the in-plane fracture properties. This modified model considers wave-induced, fracture-parallel fluid flow induced by passing seismic waves. The research discussed in this paper applies this new LSI model to heterogeneous fractures to examine when and how the permeability of a fracture is reflected in the scattering of seismic waves. From numerical simulations, we conclude that the heterogeneity in the fracture properties is essential for the scattering of seismic waves to be sensitive to the permeability of a fracture. Introduction Schoenberg originally formulated the Linear-Slip Interface (LSI) model for predicting the frequency- and compliance-dependent scattering of seismic waves, by a flat, two-dimensional fracture (Schoenberg, 1980). This original model is for a viscoelastic fracture and a background. The applicability of the model has been demonstrated by many laboratory experiments (e.g., Pyrak-Nolte et al. 1990; Myer et al., 1990; Hsu and Schoenberg, 1993). For examining the effect of pore fluids, poroelastic version of the models have been developed, for open fractures (Bakulin and Molotkov, 1997) and fractures clogged with gouge materials with a range of permeability (Nakagawa and Schoenberg, 2007). These poroelastic LSI models, however, predicted that the scattering of seismic waves are not affected by the in-plane (or fracture-parallel) permeability of a fracture, because no permeabililty terms appear in the models (Note that the “clogged-fracture” model predicts dependency on the out-of-plane [or fracture- normal] permeability of the fracture, owing to the gouge layer.) The primary reason for this apparent lack of sensitivity to permeability may be that these poroelastic LSI models assume a fracture with a homogeneous distribution of fracture properties including mechanical compliance, width (opening), fluid properties, and permeability. Heterogeneous distributions of these properties can result in increased local gradients of wave- induced fluid pressures, which can enhance the fluid flow within the fracture. (e.g., Dvorkin et al., 1994; Pride and Berryman, 2003ab)
Bioeconomy and Green Economy: From Theory to Practice. Case Study of a Tuscan Micro-Enterprise

Bioeconomy research focuses on development process to realize through energy and production efficiency, by reducing polluting activities, using renewable resources such as biomass, wind, solar, hydro and recycling of all types of waste, even within the limits defined by the market economy. This paper aims at describing activities and projects of Rohan Italia srl, a micro-enterprise in Livorno, Tuscany – Italy whose policies are developed according to bioeconomic theories. Rohan Italia srl is a leading pharmaceutical company in the production of vegetable based medicine and their by-products. Rohan Italia policy is deeply based on the implementation of traceability process which is kept under control by an integrated Quality - Ethics - Food Safety management system, based on international standards. This system supports Rohan’s mission which fosters the use sustainable technologies, the protection of biodiversity and the involvement of new employers in social responsibility policies. At the same time, the company ethical mission is promoted to all the stakeholders and representatives of the local organizations it collaborates with. Rohan is involved in two projects: 1) “Island of Gorgona”: the inmates of the high security prison in the island are involved in planting, growing and harvesting native plants; 2) “Forest of Montenero”: social workers (“protected categories”) are involved in the maintenance and promotion of woods in the park of Montenero. This project aims at developing a socio-rural economy, based on the involvement of unemployed people with mild disabilities and on the recycling of wood waste as biomass to fuel the supply chains.
RIVERBED EVOLUTION OF UPPER PART OF YANGTZE ESTUARY AND ITS RESPONSE TO THE HYDRODYNAMIC CHANGES AT UPSTREAM

The riverbed evolution of upper part of Yangtze estuary, Chengtong reach, is analyzed by comparison of 6 sets of bathymetry data during 1977~2011. The significant changes of water depth profiles along 6 representative crosssections indicate this reach is still in the process of development. In order to get a better understanding of the effect of river discharge at upstream on the riverbed evolution of Chengtong reach, a series of numerical experiments are implemented by specifying different river discharge conditions at the upper boundary. The corresponding discharge ratios of main and secondary channels at 3 main sub-reaches are compared. The results show that with the increase of river discharge, the discharge ratio in the main channels of Fujiangsha sub-reach and Rugaosha sub-reach increases, but it changes to decrease when the upstream river discharge becomes very large; however, the discharge ratio in the main channel of Tongzhousha sub-reach always decreases with the increase of river discharge at upstream. The discharge ratio of secondary channel has an adverse tendency.
Face Recognition for Access Control using PCA Algorithm

In this paper, an efficient and easy to implement method for face recognition using Principal Component analysis (PCA) which employs eigenface approach is presented. In recent years, when research into the field of face recognition started, principle component analysis (PCA) was the first major breakthrough that proved successful and it has remained one of the most popular methods representation methods for face images. It not only reduces the dimensionality of the image it also retains some of the variation in the image data. The reduction in dimensionality ensures that it can be applied to real time applications since it requires lesser time for processing. keywords: Biometrics, Face Recognition, Face detection, Principal Component Analysis, Jones-Viola Face Detection Algorithm
The PCDD/F Removal Efficiency of a Medical Waste Incinerator Dual-Bag Filter System

This study investigated the polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) removal efficiencies in two medical waste incinerators (MWIs) -MWI-A and MWI-B, with waste burning capacities of 9.12 and 12 tons per day, with dual-and single-bag filter systems, respectively. The PCDD/Fs in the stack flue gas and fly ashes of each air pollution control device (APCD) unit were collected concurrently. Based on mass balance, it was determined that the major PCDD/F removal occurred in the bag filter system with activated carbon injection (ACI). The total PCDD/F emission removal efficiencies for the whole dual-bag filter system, bag filter 1 (BF1), bag filter 2 (BF2) in MWI-A and the single bag filter system (BF) in MWI-B were 99.7%, 84.8%, 98.0%, 99.0% on the mass basis, respectively. The PCDD/F emission ratio (the escaped PCDD/F ratio after all APCDs) with the dual-bag filter system was over four times lower than that with a single bag filter. The results demonstrate a very efficient way to reduce the excess PCDD/F emissions incurred by intermittent operations and irregular waste feeding.
Limit theorems and inequalities via martingale methods

In these notes, we first give a brief overwiew of martingales methods, from Paul Levy (1935) untill now, to explain why these methods have become a central tool in probability, statistics and ergodic theory. Next, we present some recent results for/or based on martingales: exponential bounds for super-martingales, concentration inequalities for Lipschitz functionals of dynamical systems, oracle inequalities for the Cox model in a high dimensional setting, and invariance principles for stationary sequences. Resume. Dans ces notes, nous faisons d'abord un rapide survol des methodes de martingales, depuis Paul Levy (1935) jusqu'a nos nos jours, afin d'expliquer pourquoi ces methodes sont devenues centrales en probabilite, statistique et theorie ergodique. Ensuite, nous presentons des resultats recents sur/ou fondes sur les martingales : des inegalites exponentielles pour les sur-martingales, des inegalites de concentration pour les fonctionnelles lipschitziennes de systemes dynamiques, des inegalites oracle pour le modele de Cox en grande dimension, et des principes d'invariances pour les suites stationnaires.
Voice-Sensitive Areas in the Brain

This empirical single-participant fMRI case study partially replicates Belin, Zatorre, Lafaille, Ahad, and Pike (2000) research on voice-selective areas in the auditory cortex. It hypothesises that brain areas, sensitive to human vocal sounds, show greater neural activation than non-human ones. A 1X3 ANOVA design was used in this study contrasted by two conditions: sound vs. silence and voice vs. non-voice. The findings supported the hypothesis, noting also possible individual differences to the degree of voice activation in both hemispheres. Suggestions for a future replication could discuss voice/non-voice and speech/non-speech neuronal activation in the brain, auditory and visual neural responsiveness to voice and face modalities, and evolutionary assumptions in regard to sound- and voice-selective reactivity.
Wind power integration, negative prices and power system flexibility - An empirical analysis of extreme events in Germany

This article analyses the flexibility of the German power market with respect to the integration of an increasing share of electricity from renewable energy sources. Flexibility limiting system components, which cause negative prices are explained and illustrated for the German market. Then, the decision of the European Energy Exchange in Leipzig (EEX) to allow negative price bids is explained. Empirical data show the flexibility of conventional generating capacities in Germany during the considered time frame from October 2008 until November 2009. Of the 71 hours with negative spot prices, ten hours were significantly negative with prices of at least -100€/MWh. These extreme hours are analysed in greater detail by the examination of the different system components. Thereby, load, wind power infeed and conventional generation by fuel type are observed as well as the market for negative tertiary reserve as indicators for market tightness. It will be shown that although the market situations were severe, under current conditions it could have been much worse under certain circumstances. Furthermore, the long-run implications of an increasing RES-E share on the conventional generation capacity are discussed. The article concludes with an outlook on additional power system flexibility options.
Using a Self-Monitoring Intervention to Improve Students’ On-task Homework Behavior at an After-School Program

The current study examined the effectiveness of a self-monitoring intervention for four sixth grade students engaging in high levels of off-task behavior during an after-school program’s homework time. The self-monitoring intervention involved students using a vibrating device over the course of 6 or 7 sessions to tactilely cue them to record their on- and off-task behavior and earn a small reward for accurate recording of behavior. For all participants, on-task behavior improved significantly during the intervention when compared to baseline levels. These findings are consistent with the existing literature on the effectiveness of self-monitoring interventions for on-task behavior during homework time. The results extend the literature by demonstrating that a self-monitoring intervention can produce positive results in the context of an after-school program’s homework time.
Opinion: Teacher Evalua on and Reten on of Teachers Based On Student Achievement in Rural Alaska

Many states, including Alaska, have recently developed a requirement to include student achievement in the performance evaluation of teachers (State Board of Education Policy 4 AAC 04.200). The view of classroom teachers, administrators, and teacher educators is that there need to be multiple measures of student achievement and, in some cases, multiple years of data to determine the achievement level of students. There are many variables affecting student achievement over which the teacher has no control, and these may negatively skew the achievement levels used in the teacher’s performance evaluation. These variables will be identified and examined in this article. This application of student achievement measures through standardized achievement affect the recruitment and retention of teachers in Rural Alaska, particularly in schools where there are very low performing students as measured by standardized tests.