Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GABAB Receptors Regulate Extrasynaptic GABAA Receptors

Tonic inhibitory GABAA receptor-mediated currents are observed in numerous cell types in the CNS, including thalamocortical neurons of the ventrobasal thalamus, dentate gyrus granule cells, and cerebellar granule cells. Here we show that in rat brain slices, activation of postsynaptic GABAB receptors enhances the magnitude of the tonic GABAA current recorded in these cell types via a pathway involving Gi/o G proteins, adenylate cyclase, and cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Using a combination of pharmacology and knockout mice, we show that this pathway is independent of potassium channels or GABA transporters. Furthermore, the enhancement in tonic current is sufficient to significantly alter the excitability of thalamocortical neurons. These results demonstrate for the first time a postsynaptic crosstalk between GABAB and GABAA receptors.
SPECIFICITY OF HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES PROLIFERATING IN RESPONSE TO ALLOGENEIC AND XENOGENEIC CELLS IN VITRO

Mixed lymphocyte cultures were established with responding cells from human donors and stimulating cells from either canine or human donors. The addition of 3H-thymidine early in the incubation period rendered the responding cells “tolerant” in vitro toward the initial stimulating cell donor. If the initial stimulating cells came from human donors, the responding cells, after 3H-thymidine treatment, showed an unaltered proliferation toward third- or fourth-party human cells compared to control values. On the other hand, if the initial stimulating cells were from canine donors, in most cases a significant reduction in response was observed when the responding cells were confronted with stimulating cells from other dogs. In addition, when the 3H-thymidine-treated human-dog cultures were restimulated with cells from nonrelated human donors, a reduced response was observed in approximately one-half of the combinations tried. The results are discussed in relation to sharing of histocompatibility antigens between species or cross reactivity of the T cell receptor. It is suggested that the responding lymphocytes, proliferating in response to either allogeneic human-human, or xenogeneic human-dog stimulation, belong to the same population of cells.
Myoclonic Alcoholic Epilepsy

We describe 2 patients with chronic alcoholism who over a period of several years developed epilepsy associated with a cerebellar syndrome and action myoclonus. The clinical picture suggested progressive myoclonic epilepsy, but subsequent investigations did not confirm this diagnosis. Myoclonus worsened during abstinence and was relieved during indulgence. We believe that this special clinical syndrome should be recognized as a complication of chronic alcoholism.
Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Causing Cytological Change : A Study of 1000 Cases to Detect Association with Malignancy

Introduction ulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) is a common infection that affects approximately 75% of woman of child bearing age. Factors that predispose woman to vaginal candidiasis include hormone fluctuation during pregnancy, luteal phase of menstruation, use of broad spectrum antibiotic and use of oral contraceptives. Another 5%-10% of seemingly healthy woman suffer from recurrent vaginal candidiasis without any predisposing factors. It is much more common in pregnant woman than healthy woman. Moreover, a large number of woman chronic recurrent candidiasis first present with infection in pregnancy. In pregnant woman, vaginal candidiasis is also related to emotional stress and suppression of immune system which set up the risk of candida species overgrowth and become pathogenic. Other factors are associated with the eating habits of pregnant woman of sugar rich food which increases the growth of yeast. Hormonal modification and altered vaginal context also play an important role for growth of candida species. The most common candida species causing valvo vaginal candidiasis is Candida albicans followed by Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis and Candida parapsilosis.
Genetic recombination in Coprinus. II. Its relations to the synaptinemal complexes.

The frequency of genetic recombination in Coprinus lagopus may be modified by heat and cold shock. By removal of samples from a fruiting body before and after temperature treatment, it is possible to study the ultrastructure of chromosomes at the time recombination frequency (between den + x + me -1) can be modified. The sensitive period for temperature effects and, therefore, probably the time of crossing over, commences with the formation of the synaptinemal complex (S.C.) and ends with its disappearance, i.e. during the entire existence of the S.C. It is concluded that recombination is an event subsequent to the formation of the S.C. and is independent of the process of its formation. It is suggested that the event takes place at the synaptic centre.
REACH: an exploration of nursing development.

collaboration between The Royal Hospitals in Belfast, Northern Ireland, and the Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network and the Prince of Wales Hospital in Sydney, Australia. It’s an integrated professional and practice development (PD) program for individual nurses that focuses on work-based learning, which helps transform care by creating the basis of developing selfknowledge and awareness through structured reflection about the impact of our actions on others in our workplace.1 Developmental processes and frameworks are beneficial to nurses in a number of facets, including accountability, cost–effectiveness, and quality improvement.2 We analyze the experiences of nurses in the Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network who were in the preliminary stages of implementing REACH at the time of evaluation. The program commenced in 2005 and is being rigorously and systematically evaluated both locally and internationally, using a realistic evaluation framework.3
Acidified seawater impacts sea urchin larvae pH regulatory systems relevant for calcification

Calcifying echinoid larvae respond to changes in seawater carbonate chemistry with reduced growth and developmental delay. To date, no information exists on how ocean acidification acts on pH homeostasis in echinoderm larvae. Understanding acid–base regulatory capacities is important because intracellular formation and maintenance of the calcium carbonate skeleton is dependent on pH homeostasis. Using H+-selective microelectrodes and the pH-sensitive fluorescent dye BCECF, we conducted in vivo measurements of extracellular and intracellular pH (pHe and pHi) in echinoderm larvae. We exposed pluteus larvae to a range of seawater CO2 conditions and demonstrated that the extracellular compartment surrounding the calcifying primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs) conforms to the surrounding seawater with respect to pH during exposure to elevated seawater pCO2. Using FITC dextran conjugates, we demonstrate that sea urchin larvae have a leaky integument. PMCs and spicules are therefore directly exposed to strong changes in pHe whenever seawater pH changes. However, measurements of pHi demonstrated that PMCs are able to fully compensate an induced intracellular acidosis. This was highly dependent on Na+ and HCO3−, suggesting a bicarbonate buffer mechanism involving secondary active Na+-dependent membrane transport proteins. We suggest that, under ocean acidification, maintained pHi enables calcification to proceed despite decreased pHe. However, this probably causes enhanced costs. Increased costs for calcification or cellular homeostasis can be one of the main factors leading to modifications in energy partitioning, which then impacts growth and, ultimately, results in increased mortality of echinoid larvae during the pelagic life stage.
Applying Lee-Carter under conditions of variable mortality decline

The Lee-Carter method of mortality forecasting assumes an invariant age component and most applications have adopted a linear time component. The use of the method with Australian data is compromised by significant departures from linearity in the time component and changes over time in the age component. We modify the method to adjust the time component to reproduce the age distribution of deaths, rather than total deaths, and to determine the optimal fitting period in order to address non-linearity in the time component. In the Australian case the modification has the added advantage that the assumption of invariance is better met. For Australian data, the modifications result in higher forecast life expectancy than the original Lee-Carter method and official projections, and a 50 per cent reduction in forecast error. The model is also expanded to take account of age-time interactions by incorporating additional terms, but these are not readily incorporated into forecasts.
Simplified Deployment of Robust Real-Time Systems Using Multiple Model and Process Characteristic Architecture-Based Process Solutions

A common industrial practice is to find some specific control structures for the nonlinear processes that reduce, as much as possible, the design techniques to classic control approaches. There are a lot of situations when the designing of robust controller leads to complex hardware and software requirements. In international literature there are some interesting solutions (Kuhnen & Janocha, 2001; Dai et al., 2003; Wang & Su, 2006) for solving implementation reduction. In following sections there will be presented, in the first part, some elements of classic robust design of RST control algorithm and on the second, two alternative solutions based on multiple model and nonlinear compensators structures.
Rotary electrical motors used in medical industry relevant design considerations and actual advances

In this paper we present the usual requirements for rotary electrical motors that are used in medical equipment; these requirements are highly relevant since they have a strong impact on the choice of the motor type to be used and on its design. Advances in the design of electrical micro motors and commercially available medical equipment that use electrical micro motors are also presented. The current status of the technology for standardized and high powered electrical motors for medical use is briefly discussed.
A full contact model for fixture kinematic analysis

The conventional point-kinematic model of fixtures only treats point geometry of the contacts between locators and the workpiece. However, this model, which ignores the underlying surface properties of the locators-plus-workpiece system, is inherently incapable of capturing the effects of the geometric properties important to accurate positioning of the workpiece. In this paper, we present a fixture kinematic analysis based on the full kinematics of locator-workpiece contact. This model incorporates a "virtual" kinematic chain with meshing parameters of contact kinematics in a velocity formulation. Conditions of a deterministic fixture are derived. It is shown that the workpiece position and orientation are completely characterized by the kinematic properties of the locator contacts with the workpiece, including not only the arbitrary locator location errors but also the surface properties at non-prismatic locator-workpiece contacts. This is illustrated with numerical examples. The fixture kinematic analysis developed here has a strong implication for designing fixtures with high locating precision requirements.
Oral Contrast Adherence to Polyps on CT Colonography

Although oral contrast agents are known to improve the accuracy of CT colonography (CTC) by tagging fluid and stool, it is not well recognized that oral contrast also adheres to the surface of polyps. The authors' objective was to quantitate the frequency of contrast adhering to polyps. Three hundred thirty-eight optical colonoscopy-proven polyps were identified on CTC of all of the 216 patients with polyps in a larger cohort of screening patients. CT scans of polyps were analyzed for adherent contrast (ie, a thin coat/adherent drops) in at least one view (prone/supine). Forty-six percent of the 312 polyps not touching a contrast pool had adherent contrast. Polyps with villous histology were significantly more likely to have adherent contrast (77% [20/26] vs. 43% [124/286], P < 0.001). Oral contrast agents often tag polyp surfaces in a pattern that is distinct from internal tagging of adherent stool, which must be recognized during CTC interpretation. Polyps with villous histology show a higher rate of contrast adherence than nonvillous polyps.
Management of cerebral palsy: equinus gait

On 27th to 28th February 2000, a multidisciplinary workshop was convened in the USA to explore the current state of knowledge, best clinical practice, and research needs for the management of equinus gait associated with cerebral palsy (CP). The workshop began with a brief review of CP epidemiology, and an inquiry into the current understanding of the natural history of equinus. Attention then shifted to indications for and goals of intervention; a summary of interventional approaches; the criteria by which successful intervention is evaluated; and, finally, research opportunities. What follows is an overview of the workshop.
The otoconia of the guinea pig utricle: internal structure, surface exposure, and interactions with the filament matrix.

A unique feature of the vertebrate gravity receptor organs, the saccule and utricle, is the mass of biomineral structures, the otoconia, overlying a gelatinous matrix also called "otoconial membrane" on the surface of the sensory epithelium. In mammals, otoconia are deposits of calcium carbonate in the form of composite calcite crystals. We used quick-freezing, deep etching to examine the otoconial mass of the guinea pig utricle. The deep-etching step exposed large expanses of intact and fractured otoconia, showing the fine structure and relationship between their internal crystal structure, their surface components, and the filament matrix in which they are embedded. Each otoconium has a compact central core meshwork of filaments and a composite outer shell of ordered crystallites and macromolecular aggregates. A distinct network of 20-nm beaded filaments covers the surface of the otoconia. The otoconia are interconnected and secured to the gelatinous matrix by surface adhesion and by confinement within a loose interotoconial filament matrix. The gelatinous matrix is a dense network made of yet another type of filament, 22 nm in diameter, which are cross-linked by shorter filaments, characteristically 11 nm in diameter. Our freeze-etching data provide a structural framework for considering the molecular nature of the components of the otoconial complex, their mechanical properties, and the degree of biological versus chemical control of otoconia biosynthesis.
Lability of leukosis virus enhancer-binding proteins in avian hematopoeitic cells

Bursal lymphomas induced by avian leukosis virus (ALV) are characterized by integration of long terminal repeat (LTR) enhancer sequences next to the myc proto-oncogene and by subsequent myc hyperexpression. Nuclear runoff transcription analyses have shown that protein synthesis inhibition specifically decreases transcription of LTR-enhanced genes in bursal lymphoma cell lines (M. Linial, N. Gunderson, and M. Groudine, Science 230:1126-1132, 1985). Here, we show that LTR-enhanced transcription is also labile in nontransformed bursa, bone marrow, and spleen but not in other ALV-infected tissues from lymphoma-susceptible chickens. The bursal cells demonstrated this lability of LTR-enhanced transcription only at an early stage of development, when chickens are susceptible to ALV-induced lymphomagenesis. Mature bursal cells show stable LTR transcription enhancement (unaffected by inhibition of protein synthesis) and are not susceptible to lymphomagenesis. In lymphoma-resistant chicken strains, LTR-enhanced transcription was stable in all tissues during development. These data suggest that lability of LTR transcription enhancement in hematopoietic cells is involved in susceptibility to lymphomagenesis, and we propose a model for the action of these labile enhancing factors. Gel shift analysis of nuclear proteins from lymphoma cells indicated that four or more binding proteins specifically interact with the three LTR enhancer regions. These proteins can be separated by their differential sensitivity to heat treatment or protein synthesis inhibition. The lability of a subset of these binding proteins correlates with lability of LTR-enhanced transcription in certain lymphoid cell types, suggesting that these proteins are essential for LTR transcription enhancement.
Simultaneous Transcranial Doppler and Arterial Blood Pressure Response to Lower Body Negative Pressure

Microgravity induces fluid shifts which can alter the cardiovascular responses of astronauts both during space flight and on return to Earth. The decrease in orthostatic tolerance in astronauts returning from a weightless environment can be modelled in ground‐based studies using lower body negative pressure (LBNP). This study examined the physiological changes induced by LBNP and determined a reliable method of predicting the onset of presyncope to enable evaluation of countermeasures for loss of orthostatic tolerance, such as glycerol‐induced hyperhydration. Six healthy male subjects, aged 18 to 45 years, were each subjected to two LBNP tests, with or without glycerol ingestion. Continuous, non‐invasive measurements of middle cerebral artery blood flow velocities (CBF) by transcranial Doppler, arterial blood pressure (Finapres ABP), ECG and LBNP box pressures were recorded during each test. Negative pressure was increased in three minute intervals until symptoms of presyncope were observed. An increase in heart rate (HR), a relatively constant mean ABP and a steady decline in mean CBF were consistently observed as the box pressure was decreased. The continuous on‐line measurements clearly showed consistent dynamic changes in both CBF and ABP waveforms in response to changes in LBNP. At the onset of presyncope, sudden drops in mean ABP, HR and mean CBF were typically noted, the latter providing the earliest indication of presyncope. The time required to re‐establish original baseline values of CBF and ABP after release of box pressure varied widely from six to over ten minutes. The onset of presyncope during LBNP can be reliably predicted by continuous simultaneous analysis of CBF and ABP. Concomitant analysis of the dynamic changes may provide additional means of assessing an individual's degree of orthostatic tolerance by estimating and correlating the level and rate of reigonal cerebral autoregulation.
Improved EEG signal processing with wavelet based multiscale PCA algorithm

In this paper, wavelet based multi scale PCA algorithm is proposed and demonstrated to enhance the classification performance in identifying EEG signals. The signal decomposition is done using wavelet transform, followed by the de-correlation using PCA, to achieve maximum compression, while simultaneously preserving the dominant modes of the signal and bad data rejection. The optimum decomposition scale of wavelet transform is selected based on the energy of wavelet coefficients in each scale. The proposed algorithm employing multi scale PCA computes the principal components of the wavelet coefficients at each scale, followed by combining the results at relevant scales. The wavelet coefficients of a particular scale corresponding to the dominant eigen values are retained for signal compression. These results in effectively compresses the EEG signals while preserving the model information of the signal.
Binding of response regulator DegU to the aprE promoter is inhibited by RapG, which is counteracted by extracellular PhrG in Bacillus subtilis

We screened the putative rap‐phr (response regulator aspartyl‐phosphate phosphatase‐phosphatase regulator) systems identified in the Bacillus subtilis genome for a rap gene that affects aprE (alkaline protease gene) expression by using a multicopy plasmid. We found that rapG was involved in the regulation of aprE, which belongs to the regulon of DegU, the response regulator of the DegS‐DegU two‐component system. Disruption of rapG and phrG resulted in enhancement and reduction of aprE‐lacZ expression, respectively, suggesting that PhrG inhibits RapG activity. Addition of 1–30 nM of a synthetic pentapeptide (PhrG; NH2‐EKMIG‐COOH) to the phrG disruptant completely rescued aprE‐lacZ expression, indicating that the PhrG peptide is indeed involved in aprE‐lacZ expression. Surprisingly, either introduction of multicopy phrG or addition of the PhrG peptide at high concentrations (100–300 nM) to the phrG cells decreased aprE‐lacZ expression. These results are reminiscent of the previous observation that at higher concentrations the PhrC peptide inhibits srfA‐lacZ expression directed by ComA, the regulator of the ComP‐ComA two‐component system. Because the Rap proteins belong to a family of aspartyl protein phosphatases, we tried to investigate the possible influence of RapG on dephosphorylation of DegU‐P (phosphorylated DegU) in vitro. RapG, however, did not affect dephosphorylation of DegU‐P under the adopted experimental conditions. Therefore, we hypothesized that RapG might inhibit the binding activity of DegU to the target promoters. We analysed the interaction of DegU and RapG using the aprE promoter and another target, a comK promoter. Gel shift analysis revealed that RapG served as the inhibitor of DegU binding to the promoter regions of aprE and comK and that this inhibition was counteracted by the PhrG peptide.
Atypical posthypoxic MRI changes in hypermetabolic regions in anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis

A 20-year-old woman with severe anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis[1][1] had repeated normal brain MRI findings, however, F18-FDG-PET-CT demonstrated hypermetabolism in caudate nuclei[2][2] and cerebellum[3][3] ([figure][4], A). Under multimodal immunotherapy, she improved substantially. A sudden
Multicytokine Detection Improves Latent Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Health Care Workers

ABSTRACT In a low-incidence setting, health care workers (HCW) are at a higher risk of tuberculosis than the general population. The suboptimal sensitivity of the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT) test remains a critical issue when identifying occupational latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in HCW. The aim of this study was to identify additional biomarkers in order to overcome the limits of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) release assays (IGRAs) and improve the performance of LTBI diagnosis within this population. Seventy Bacille Calmette-Guérin-vaccinated HCW regularly exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis were grouped according to QFT results into an LTBI-positive group (positive QFT, n = 8), an LTBI-negative group (normal QFT and negative tuberculin skin test [TST], n = 21), and an undetermined group (subpositive QFT and/or positive TST, n = 41). The secretion of 22 cytokines in response to QFT-specific stimulation was quantified using a multiparameter-based immunoassay. As a result, thresholds discriminating LTBI-positive from LTBI-negative HCW were established by comparing areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-15, IFN-γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10), and the monokine induced by IFN-γ (MIG), which are biomarkers differentially secreted by the two groups. The combination of IL-15 and MIG provided a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 94.1% in distinguishing LTBI-positive from LTBI-negative HCW. When using IL-15 and MIG among the undetermined group, 6/45 HCW could be classified in the LTBI-positive group. The use of additional biomarkers after IGRA screening could improve the diagnosis of LTBI. The performance of these biomarkers and their use in combination with TST and/or QFT, as well as the cost-effectiveness of such a diagnostic strategy, should be evaluated in further larger clinical trials.