Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Funny Current in Cardiac Non-Pacemaker Cells: Functional Role and Pharmacological Modulation

In mammalians, heart rhythm originates in the sinoatrial node, a specialized region of the right atrium with defined anatomical and functional properties. The sinoatrial node acts as primary pacemaker in the heart owing to its unique ability to generate spontaneous action potentials at a rate faster than subsidiary pacemakers (the atrioventricular node and Purkinje fibers) (Vassalle, 1977). Propagation of action potentials from the sinoatrial node is first directed to the atria and then to the ventricles through a specialized conduction system that drives and coordinates the rhythmic contraction of heart chambers (Figure 1). The pacemaker function of the sinoatrial node derives from a key electrogenic property, the diastolic depolarization phase or pacemaker phase of the action potential. It is a slow, positive increase in voltage across the cell membrane occurring between the end of one action potential and the beginning of the next; it causes the cell membrane to reach the threshold potential required to generate a subsequent action potential (DiFrancesco, 1991; DiFrancesco, 2010). The diastolic depolarization phase is absent in normal atrial and ventricular myocytes that rest at stable membrane potential values at the termination of the action potential. Investigations aimed at elucidating the ionic mechanisms of pacemaking have proposed different candidates as major contributors responsible for the generation of the diastolic depolarization phase. At present, despite the issue is still a matter of debate, a wealth of information clearly agrees that two major mechanisms, membrane-associated ion currents and calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum, contribute to form a coordinated system that drives automaticity of normal cardiac pacemaker cells (Lakatta et al., 2010). Among the membrane associated currents, the hyperpolarization-activated current or funny current (If ) is considered a major player in both generation of cardiac spontaneous activity and rate control (DiFrancesco, 1991; DiFrancesco, 2010). If is an inward mixed-cation current carried by potassium and sodium, slowly activating on hyperpolarization at voltages comprising the diastolic depolarization phase of sinoatrial node cells (−40/−60 mV); for these reasons it was termed funny current. Accordingly, several loss-of-function mutations (DiFrancesco, 2010), as well as the down-regulation of constitutive subunits of f-channel in pacemaker cells (Zicha et al., 2005) have been demonstrated to cause sinus node dysfunction and rhythm disturbances.
The potential of tandem photovoltaic solar cells for indoor applications

Several studies have already determined the power potential of different types of photovoltaic solar cells for indoor applications. However, a detailed study whether or not the use of tandem solar cell (i.e. using two solar cells with different bandgaps in a row) is beneficial for indoor use is lacking. This paper attempts to fill this lacuna by comparing the power output of different tandem solar cells with single-junctions as reference. The comparisons are done by efficiency simulations of the solar cells and the light spectra of typical artificial light sources, i.e. a typical fluorescent tube, a high pressure sodium and metal halide lamp, a typical LED lamp and a common incandescent lamp, which are compared to the outdoor AM 1.5 spectrum as reference. More specifically, we study the influence of the energy levels of the bandgaps, not only for the usual monolithic configuration, but also for a stacked set-up. By determining the relative efficiency gain compared to single-junctions, we prove the limited usefulness of tandem solar cells for indoor applications.
Real-Space Structure of Colloidal Hard-Sphere Glasses

The real-space structure of hard-sphere glasses quenched from colloidal liquids in thermodynamic equilibrium has been determined. Particle coordinates were obtained by combining the optical sectioning capability of confocal fluorescence microscopy with the structure of specially prepared fluorescent silica colloids. Both the average structure and the local structure of glasses, with volume fractions ranging from 0.60 to 0.64, were in good agreement with glasses and random close packings generated by computer simulations. No evidence of a divergent correlation length was found. The method used to obtain the three-dimensional particle coordinates is directly applicable to other colloidal structures, such as crystals, gels, and flocs.
Incentives for Motivated Experts in a Partnership

A Principal has a set of projects, each having different benefit potentials, and each requiring a basic technology from one of two experts and time inputs from both experts. Experts enjoy motivation utilities from production, but have private information of their own motivation preferences and project potentials. Technology and time-input choices are experts' private decisions. Experts form a Partnership, which designs a sharing rule and a gatekeeping protocol to determine experts' priority on technology choice. Using a linear cost-share contract that lets experts make minimum profits, the Principal implements the first best by delegating all decisions to the Partnership.
1 Surfactant and Airway Liquid Flows

Introduction Our goal for this chapter is to provide an overview of research related to interfacial phenomena and liquid-lining flows in airways. To do so, we first present the physiological significance of surface-tension-driven phenomena within the lung. Next, in order to explain the physical mechanisms that are responsible for physiological responses, we present a brief overview of fundamental surface-tension-driven interfacial phenomena that are generally responsible for liquid-lining flows. From this framework, we explore a range of different interfacial flows that occur within pulmonary airways, and discuss the importance of surfactant on these flows.
Pathophysiology of Substance Abuse: A Review

Substance abuse is one of the types of substance use disorders. According to American Psychiatric Association (APA), substance abuse can be defined as faulty adaptation of using substances as evidenced by recurrent and adverse effects associated with frequent use of the substance. Opioid analgesics and heroin are the most commonly abused drugs. Opioid’s abuse is more common in men compared towomen. The substances of abuse can be categorised as depressants or stimulants of the central nervous system. These substances interfere with the release and reuptake of the neurotransmitters as well as their accessibility to the receptor binding sites. They also affect the reward pathway by stimulating neurons to release neurotransmitters leading to subjective feeling of wellbeing. Substance abusers are prone to many problems like addiction, tolerance, dependence, accidents, behavioural and health related problems, suicidal attempt, morbidity and mortality. Quite number of reference literature were accessible using various search engines and internet for this research. Out of which 21 were selected based on their relevance to the tittle and contents of the research. The 21 articles and related information were reviewed critically, to assess the aetiological risk factors, pathophysiology, consequences and possible pharmaco-therapeutic options of substance abuse disorder, excluding alcohol and tobacco.Diagnosis is mainly clinical. Some of the treatment options are methadone, buprenorphine and naloxone. However, prevention is better than cure. Young adults are discouraged from taking any substance or drugs not specifically prescribed by a doctor or qualified health personnel.
Controls on conduit magma flow dynamics during lava dome building eruptions

[1] Lava dome eruptions commonly display fairly regular alternations between periods of high and low or no activity with timescales typically of weeks to years and sudden transitions between effusive and explosive activity. We develop a transient model of the magma flow in a volcanic conduit from an open-system magma chamber with continuous replenishment. The model incorporates gas exsolution, bubble growth, gas escape through the magma, and decompression-induced crystallization and considers variations in magma temperature, water content, conduit diameter, phenocryst size, chamber volume, and magma rheology. Calculations show the presence of periodic variations in discharge rate due to the transition from a stable regime, when discharge rate is low and crystals grow efficiently leading to high magma viscosity, to another stable state, when discharge rate is high and crystallization is negligible. The difference in discharge rates between these regimes can be several orders of magnitude. Periods are similar to the observed timescales and mainly depend on the chamber volume. The system shows strongly nonlinear responses to the variation of governing parameters. If magma has a Bingham rheology pauses in discharge rate occur between peaks of discharge and the peaks are much higher than for the case of Newtonian rheology. Large changes in discharge rate and eruptive behavior can occur as the consequence of small changes in magma temperature, water content, phenocryst size distribution, or conduit diameter. The system can fluctuate between low and high discharge rates with transitions to explosive activity.
2MASS Extended Sources in the Zone of Avoidance

A new high-resolution near-infrared mapping effort, the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), is now underway and will provide a complete census of galaxies as faint as 13.5 mag (3 mJy) at 2.2 μm for most of the sky, and ∼12.1 mag (10 mJy) for regions veiled by the Milky Way. This census has already discovered nearby galaxies previously hidden behind our Galaxy and will allow delineation of large-scale structures in the distribution of galaxies across the whole sky. Here we report the detection and discovery of new extended sources from this survey for fields incorporating the Galactic plane at longitudes between 40° and 70°. Follow-up H I 21 cm and optical spectroscopy observations provide positive confirmation for 14 of the new 2MASS galaxies. We perform an internal completeness and reliability analysis for the sample, consisting of 7000 sources in ∼1000 deg2 of area, including galaxies and Galactic nebulae from the W51 giant molecular cloud. The area-normalized detection rate is about one to two galaxies per deg2 brighter than 12.1 mag (10 mJy), roughly constant with Galactic latitude throughout the "Zone of Avoidance," of which 85%–95% are newly discovered sources. In conjunction with the deep H I surveys, 2MASS will greatly increase the current census of galaxies hidden behind the Milky Way. Moreover, owing to its sensitivity to elliptical and other gas-poor galaxies, 2MASS will provide a key complementary data set to that of the gas-rich–sensitive H I surveys of the Milky Way galaxy, potentially uncovering nearby galaxies critical to the local gravity and mass density fields.
Seesaw Mechanism

We propose a new seesaw mechanism for neutrino masses within a class of supersymmetric SO(10) models with broken D-parity. It is shown that in such scenarios the B−L scale can be as low as TeV without generating inconsistencies with gauge coupling unification nor with the required magnitude of the light neutrino masses. This leads to a possibly light new neutral gauge boson as well as relatively light quasi-Dirac heavy leptons. These particles could be at the TeV scale and mediate lepton flavour and CP violating processes at appreciable levels.
Leveling and its effect on the service provision of long distance bus transport in Africa: The case of Addis Ababa

The study presents the intent for making levels among buses and its effect on the service provision of Long Distance Buses (LDB) Transport that emanates from Addis Ababa. The methodology focused more on both primary and secondary sources. The primary informants were principally distinguished from the passengers, operators, and key government officials from the transport office include the head of bus terminal and association, and selected experts. In terms of analysis, the qualitative approach was done by using thick description on the issue. The finding prevails that there are remarkable changes that have from the practice of Business Process re-Engineering (BPR) system since 2009. Notable changes are seen in the areas of service provision such as ticketing, getting dispatch, selecting routes, setting fare for the trip, addressing the service to all parts of the nation and others. In the level system, the buses are classified in the sector into three levels: level 1, level 2 and level 3. The study explores that passengers would prefer to make mobility according to their income level to its service quality. The priority points of passengers for intercity mobility lie more on less transport cost than the comfort and facility of buses. Thus, leveling brings a visible change on the overwhelming aspects of the industry. It is recommended that the government should follow and improve existing service provision for it not to be like that of the former. Key words: Industry, leveling, on-journey season, dispatch and long distance bus.
Economic Analysis of Agroforestry of Meranti (Shorea leprosula Miq) Planted Among Oil Palm Trees as a Model for Development of Environmentally Friendly Oil Palm Plantation in The Riau Province, Indonesia

The growth of oil palm plantations in Riau Province is a great opportunity to optimize the use of space and land by inserting meranti (S. leprosula) tree among the palm oil plants. The study was aimed to economic analyze the agroforestry of meranti planted among the oil palm trees as a model for development of oil palm plantations. This research was carried out in a mixed meranti-palm oil plantation privately owned by a farmer at the Village of Pasir Jaya, Sub-district of Rambah Hilir, Rokan Hulu Regency, Riau Province, Indonesia. The surveys and structured interviews were used to identify the management of oil palm plantations owned by the community. Economic valuation approach was used to determine the economic analysis of the management of oil palm plantations owned by the community. The results of study showed that agroforestry of meranti planted among the palm oil plants were able to provide additional benefits revealed from the economic value of meranti tree as Bank of Replanting of IDR. 56,017,737. The value of BCR of this agroforestry system was greater than the value of BCR on the monoculture system of about 3.1 compared to 2.7. The development model of this agroforestry system is economically feasible and beneficial and can also be implemented on a broader scale of oil palm plantations both in main estate and plasma estate.
Electrical and Sensor Behavior of Polyaniline / Neodymium Composites

Polyaniline (PANI)/Neodymium oxide (Nd2O3) composite has been synthesized by using insitu polymerization method for different concentrations of Nd2O3 powder. DC conductivity studies of PANINd2O3 composites for different weight percentage (wt%) show thermally activated behaviour. The conductivity was found to increase with the increase in temperature indicating the semiconducting behaviour of all the compositions. Maximum conductivity was observed in 30 wt% of Nd2O3 in polyaniline. The ac conductivity has been studied in the frequency range of 50 Hz to 1 MHz and it is found that 40 wt% shows high conductivity compared to pure polyaniline and other complexes. On exposure of the composites to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), increase in resistance was observed with the increase in gas concentration. Maximum sensitivity for gas sensing was observed in the composite of 50 wt% Nd2O3 in
Tide‐surge interaction off the east coast of Canada and northeastern United States

[1] Sea level observations and a dynamical model are used to investigate tide-surge interaction in the coastal waters off the east coast of Canada and northern USA. The study is motivated in part by the need to improve operational forecasts of total water level and coastal flooding. Two statistical methods are used to search for evidence of tide-surge interaction in hourly sea level records from 23 coastal locations. The methods are based on comparison of the statistical properties of the sea level residuals (observed sea level minus tide) occurring at different stages of the tidal cycle. While recognizing the limitations of such an approach, it is concluded that tide-surge interaction does occur in the Northumberland Strait which is located in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence. Results for the Gulf of Maine and Bay of Fundy are less conclusive. A dynamical model is also used to quantify tide-surge interaction in the study region and to identify its physical causes. Tide-surge interaction in the model is strongest in the Northumberland Strait where the amplitude of the effect can reach 20 cm during and following strong storm surge events. This is large enough to be of practical significance in terms of flood forecasting. A series of sensitivity experiments with the model shows that the nonlinear parameterization of bottom stress is the principal contributor to tide-surge interaction.
Distribution and Abundance of Snowshoe Hares in Yellowstone National Park

Abstract Snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) are widespread in boreal and montane forests of North America, vary in their temporal dynamics, and are major drivers in their food webs. In Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, hare abundance, distribution, and temporal dynamics are unknown, yet Yellowstone contains a large area within their southern range that is relatively unfragmented by human activities. The 1988 Yellowstone fires have led to extensive regenerating stands, a seral condition that elsewhere supports relatively high numbers of hares. To examine snowshoe hare dynamics in the park from 2002 to 2007, we surveyed stands within 7 cover types and estimated abundance for a subset of sites. Both livetrapping data and fecal pellet count surveys showed that snowshoe hares are rare in Yellowstone. More than 36% of surveyed stands did not support any hares. Mature forest cover types were more likely to have hares than were stands regenerating after the 1988 fires, but very few stands supported high numbers; 96% of stands had <0.5 hares/ha. Three stands that burned in 2003 had hares before the fire, but none afterward. Hare numbers fluctuated modestly over time, but patterns were not indicative of a cycle. Taken altogether, our results indicate that snowshoe hares in Yellowstone are rare, patchily distributed, and apparently acyclic, important findings both for understanding hare dynamics and for implications for the Yellowstone food web that includes the federally Threatened Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis).
Trust-Region Optimization Methods Using Limited-Memory Symmetric Rank-One Updates for Off-The-Shelf Machine Learning

Machine learning (ML) problems are often posed as highly nonlinear and nonconvex unconstrained optimization problems. Methods for solving ML problems based on stochastic gradient descent generally requires fine-tuning many hyper-parameters. In this paper we propose an alternative approach for solving ML problems based on a quasi-Newton trustregion framework that does not require extensive parameter tuning. Numerical experiments on the MNIST data set show that with a fixed computational time budget, the proposed approach achieves better results than other off-the-shelf approaches like limited-memory BroydenFletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS) quasi-Newton methods and Hessian-free methods.
Gesture/speech integration in the perception of prosodic emphasis

It is now well established that communicative gestures are not produced randomly by speakers but that there are links between these gestures and semantic content as well as syntactic structure. In prosody, it has also been shown that hand gestures align with lexical stress in the words they accompany ([1]) and that particular gesture types like hand beats regularly accompany prosodic emphasis in speech ([2]). Although some studies have started to research possible interactions between hand gestures and prosodic emphasis, the exact influence of gestures on the perception of prosodic emphasis is still largely unknown. This issue is addressed in the present paper in which a pilot perception experiment is conducted. The paper shows that hand gestures have an impact on the perception of prosodic emphasis and that both gesture type (beats vs. pointing hand gestures) and gesture amplitude (large hand gestures as opposed to a medium-sized or a small ones) influence perception. The study therefore sheds new light on speech models and the current debate concerning the level at which gestures interact with speech.
Greater Glasgow and Clyde NHS Board Board Meeting

1.2 The paper has been endorsed by the Glasgow City Child Protection Committee and Chief Officers Group and the Glasgow Community Planning Executive Group. Within the community planning process we are continuing to promote the programmes outlined as a priority use for resources available for community planning. The proposals are in line with recent agreement to refocus community planning on addressing the causes on social problems rather than their consequences, with a particular focus on early intervention.
Autana: una herramienta para la gestión de fondos públicos del sector de ciencia y tecnología en Venezuela

En Venezuela existen algunas instituciones que se han creado para recaudar recursos economicos que luego se transforman en proyectos de ciencia y tecnologia, estos organismos se denominan Fondos Publicos. En este trabajo se describe el funcionamiento de algunos de los Fondos Publicos del sector de ciencia y tecnologia, y se explica como el proyecto Autana se propone desde CENDITEL como herramienta que apoya la gestion de este tipo de Fondos Publicos, asi como tambien se presentan los elementos del proyecto que hacen posible generar conocimiento libre.
Prediction of Appraisal Groups for Movie Review Analysis

Classification of movie reviews is very tedious task. However sentiment analysis of movie reviews is based on positive or negative orientation. Orientation is also concern with that types of movie like action, thriller, romantic, comedy. We propose a new approach for movie reviews classification based on extracting and analyzing appraisal groups such as action, thrill, and comedy, romantic. An appraisal group is represented as a set of attribute values in several task independent semantic taxonomies, based on appraisal theory. We classify movie reviews based on these appraisal groups. In addition, we find that, which types of movies is released in market.
Photonics for microwave measurements

As an emerging topic, photonic‐assisted microwave measurements with distinct features such as wide frequency coverage, large instantaneous bandwidth, low frequency‐dependent loss, and immunity to electromagnetic interference, have been extensively studied recently. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in photonic microwave measurements, including microwave spectrum analysis, instantaneous frequency measurement, microwave channelization, Doppler frequency‐shift measurement, angle‐of‐arrival detection, time–frequency analysis, compressive sensing, and phase‐noise measurement. A photonic microwave radar, as a functional measurement system, is also reviewed. The performance of the photonic measurement solutions is evaluated and compared with the electronic solutions. Future prospects using photonic integrated circuits and software‐defined architectures to further improve the measurement performance are also discussed.