Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prices and Network Effects in Two-Sided Markets: The Belgian Newspaper Industry

This paper investigates the two-sided nature of the newspaper industry. We explicitly take into account cross network effects that exist between advertisers and newspaper readers. On one side, advertisers' demand for publicity space depends on the number of newspaper readers and their characteristics. On the other side, readers' demand can be, positively or negatively, influenced by the number of advertisements. In addition, editors may own several newspapers and hence a variety of cross-market effects that result from changes in market prices exist. To estimate demand parameters for both sides of the market, a specific structural model is needed that takes into account those effects. We estimate network effects and price elasticities for Belgian newspaper publishers to assess market power and the degree of competition in the market, which experienced a large consolidation wave over the last decades. This allows us to evaluate a recent merger in the Belgian newspaper industry.
NK Cell-Based Immunotherapies in Cancer

With the development of technologies that can transform immune cells into therapeutic modalities, immunotherapy has remarkably changed the current paradigm of cancer treatment in recent years. NK cells are components of the innate immune system that act as key regulators and exhibit a potent tumor cytolytic function. Unlike T cells, NK cells exhibit tumor cytotoxicity by recognizing non-self, without deliberate immunization or activation. Currently, researchers have developed various approaches to improve the number and anti-tumor function of NK cells. These approaches include the use of cytokines and Abs to stimulate the efficacy of NK cell function, adoptive transfer of autologous or allogeneic ex vivo expanded NK cells, establishment of homogeneous NK cell lines using the NK cells of patients with cancer or healthy donors, derivation of NK cells from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and modification of NK cells with cutting-edge genetic engineering technologies to generate chimeric Ag receptor (CAR)-NK cells. Such NK cell-based immunotherapies are currently reported as being promising anti-tumor strategies that have shown enhanced functional specificity in several clinical trials investigating malignant tumors. Here, we summarize the recent advances in NK cell-based cancer immunotherapies that have focused on providing improved function through the use of the latest genetic engineering technologies. We also discuss the different types of NK cells developed for cancer immunotherapy and present the clinical trials being conducted to test their safety and efficacy.
Ecological segregation does not drive the intricate parapatric distribution of diploid and tetraploid cytotypes of the Arabidopsis arenosa group (Brassicaceae)

Detailed knowledge of the geographic distribution of cytotypes is a prerequisite for any experimental or molecular study of ploidy-variable plant systems. The Arabidopsis arenosa group, an intricate di-tetraploid complex from the plant model genus Arabidopsis, has remained largely neglected regarding the distribution and habitat associations of its cytotypes. Using flow cytometry, we conducted a large population-level cytological screen across the A. arenosa group range, involving more than 2900 individuals from 194 populations. We characterized a largely parapatric distribution of the diploid (Southeast Europe) and tetraploid (Northwest Europe) cytotypes with two contact zones – a narrow contact zone in the Slovenian Forealps and a diffuse contact zone across the Carpathians. In addition, a previously unknown isolated diploid lineage with distinct ecology was revealed from sandy areas of the southeastern Baltic coast. We also recorded several adult triploid individuals for the first time in wild Arabidopsis arenosa. Particularly in the Western Carpathians, the diploid and tetraploid populations are largely intermingled, and both cytotypes are spread along the whole lowland-alpine gradient of habitats, exhibiting no signs of ploidy-linked habitat differentiation. In contrast with the complexity at the landscape scale, the within-population cytological homogeneity and the rare occurrence of triploids indicate that the contact zone is rather stable. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, ●●, ●●–●●.
Why Can’t We See It?

ABSTRACT The relevance of a patient’s experience of physical punishment in childhood may be obscured and difficult to acknowledge for both patient and analyst. This paper illustrates my own struggle with the issue by presenting excerpts of my work with an adult analytic patient, children in a mental health clinic, and PTSD patients in the Veterans Administration system. In the discussion that follows I demonstrate how the psychoanalytic concept of disavowal can be useful in expanding our ability to engage in meaningful discussions with our patients regarding this issue.
Vascular Endothelial-cadherin plays a role in regulating the Norrin-FZD4 pathway and can cause Familial Exududative- vitroretinopathy (FEVR).

FEVR is a genetic disorder that causes abnormal vascularization of the retina, which can lead to retinal detachment and blindness. Mutations in the genes encoding Norrin, LRP5, FZD4 and TSPAN12 can cause FEVR. Interestingly, these genes encode proteins that belong to the Norrin-FZD4 signalling pathway that ultimately activate β-catenin to upregulate gene transcription. Mutations in the pathway are thought to cause FEVR due to the lack of β-catenin translocating to the nucleus, however the mutations described only account for 50% of cases whereas the other half is due to unknown genes. In a cohort of 123 FEVR patients, a proband was found to have a mutation in the vascular endothelial cadherin (VEcadherin), this mutation is at position 775 where a glycine has been substituted with a serine (G775S). Our objective is to provide evidence that VE-cadherin (CDH5) plays a role in the Norrin-FZD4 pathway by determining whether wild type or mutant VE-cadherin have an effect on β-catenin binding, determine whether VE-cadhrin (CDH5) interacts with LRP5, and determine whether mutant VE-cadherin has a defect in internalization. In FEVR mouse models, FZD4-/and TSPAN12-/mice had increased VE-cadherin protein expression, as well as increased src activation and poly-ubiquination of VE-cadherin. Immunoprecipitation assays were used to determine whether mutant VE-cadherin had an effect on β-catenin binding. There was no difference in binding between wild-type and mutant VE-cadherin when transfected in HEK293 cells. Cells expressing wild-type VE-cadherin immunoprecipitated with LRP5, whereas G775S did not interact with LRP5. The data suggests that VE-cadherin may play a role in regulating the Norrin-FZD4 pathway and interacting with LRP5.
Interplay between microRNA-21 and Sprouty2 in non small cell lung cancer-derived cell lines

Einer einzelnen microRNA ist es moglich uber die Bindung an den 3’ untranslatierten Bereich hunderte mRNAs zu regulieren. Von einigen microRNAs ist bekannt, dass sie in Krebs dereguliert sind. Zu dieser Gruppe von microRNAs gehort auch microRNA-21; sie agiert als sogenanntes oncomiR und ist in einer Vielzahl verschiedener Tumoren uberexpremiert. Bekannte Substrate von miR-21 sind Tumorsupressoren wie ProgrammedCellDeath4, PhosphataseAndTensinHomolog, Sprouty1 und Sprouty2. In dieser Studie haben wir die microRNA-21 Expression im Lungenkrebs untersucht und herausgefunden, dass in kultivierten Lungenkrebszelllinien die Levels von microRNA-21 kaum von normalen Lungenfibroblasten abweichen. Die Korrelation microRNA-21 Expression und Proteinlevel von ProgrammedCellDeath4, PhosphataseAndTensinHomolog und Sprouty war insignifikant. Die Proliferationsrate der Zelllinien stand in keinem Zusammenhang zu den gemessenen miR-21 Levels ebenso wie der Unterschied von microRNA-21 Expression in Adenokarzinomen und Plattenzellkarzinomen. Zelllinien, die eine onkogene Mutation im Ras Gen habenzeigen im Mittel zwar geringfugig hohere microRNA-21 Werte, aber eine ektopische Expression von onkogen mutierten H-, K- und N-Ras fuhrte zu keiner Veranderung der microRNA-21 Expression Wahrend Uberexpression von Sprouty1 keinen Effekt auf microRNA-21 hat, fuhren hohe Levels von Sprouty2 zu einer signifikanten Reduktion der microRNA-21 Expression. Zudem wurden verschiedene Strategien zur Modulierung der microRNA-21 Expression verglichen. Uberexpression von verkurzten primiR 21 RNA durch ein virales System zeigte die gewunschte Wirkung. Um microRNA-21 zu inhibieren wurden verschiedene Ansatze ausprobiert, wobei nur Zellen der Zelllinie U373, die mit dem sponge eraser Konstrukt infiziert wurden, signifikant reduzierte microRNA-21 Expression zeigen. Diese Daten fuhren zu der Annahme, dass die Produktion von sponge eraser Konstrukten die beste Strategie ist.
The Evolutionary Path from C3 to C4 Photosynthesis: A Review

ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 1 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com The C4 photosynthetic carbon cycle can be explained as the elaborated addition to the C3 photosynthetic pathway. It is a unique series of biochemical, anatomical and regulatory gene characteristics that concentrate CO2around the carboxylating enzyme Rubisco, thereby increasing photosynthetic efficiency during high rates of photorespiration. The C4 photosynthetic pathway has evolved as an adaptation to high light intensities, high temperatures and dryness, therefore in the warmer climates of the tropical and subtropical dominating the grassland floras and biomass production. C4 photosynthesis originated more than 40 times independently during angiosperm evolution in over 15 families of angiosperms, representing convergent evolutionary phenomena. Probably, C4 grasses evolved in the early Oligocene about 30 million years ago, while later appeared C4 dicots, less than 20 million years ago. Low atmospheric CO2 is pivotal factor forC3C4 transition, because it is required for high rates of photorespiration. Consistently, the increasing global aridification and declining atmospheric CO2 coincides with periods of the appearance of C4plants. Genetically, leading mechanism for creation of C4 genome is duplications of whole genomes, genome segments, or single genes followed by non-functionalization and neo-functionalization with selection for carbon conservation traits under high photorespiration promoting conditions being the ultimate factor behind the origin of C4 photosynthesis. K e y w o r d s C4 photosynthetic pathway, C3C4transition, photorespiration, genome duplications,
Sympathetic cardiovascular function status of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic progressive obstructive airway disease which is often associated with cardiovascular diseases. Sympathetic dysfunction may complicate the cardiovascular diseases which may in turn increase the morbidity and mortality in COPD patients. Objective: Aim of this study was to evaluate sympathetic cardiovascular function status of COPD patients to reduce the cardiovascular complication in those patients. Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was carried out at the department of Physiology and department of Medicine, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi from July 2013 to June 2014. Results: A total number of 80 subjects aged 40-55 years were selected, among which 40 were clinically diagnosed COPD patients (case) and 40 were age, sex and BMI matched apparently healthy persons for comparison (control group). To observe sympathetic cardiovascular function status resting pulse rate, resting systolic BP, resting diastolic BP, decline of systolic BP in response to standing from lying position (orthostatic test) and rise of diastolic BP in response to sustained hand grip for 5 minutes (isometric exercise test) were measured. For statistical analysis Independent sample t-test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient test were performed. In this study resting pulse rate, systolic BP, diastolic BP and rise of diastolic blood pressure in isometric exercise test were significantly increased in COPD than in healthy control group. On the other hand, decline of systolic blood pressure in orthostatic test was significantly decreased in COPD than in control group. Conclusion: This study concludes that sympathetic cardiovascular function is overactive in COPD and sympathetic over activity correlates with severity of the disease.
Co-occurrence of two Eupristina species on Ficus altissima in Xishuangbanna, SW China

The fig-fig wasp mutualism has long been considered strictly species-specific. However, more and more cases of breakdown in the one-to-one rule are being documented. Here, we report on the co-existence of Eupristina altissima and Eupristina sp. in the figs of Ficus altissima in Xishuangbanna, SW China. Species coexisted on the same tree, even in the same fig. Most crops sampled during a three year survey had both species, but E. altissima was more frequent. Brood sizes, when figs were entered by a single foundress, were not significantly different between species. However, our study strongly suggests that E. altissima is an active pollinator, while Eupristina sp. does not actively pollinate Ficus altissima, as only very few seeds were observed in figs only entered by this species. Morphological analysis corroborated this finding: Eupristina sp. has reduced pollen pockets and there is no coxal comb, two morphological characters normally linked with active pollination. This is the second report of a non-pollinating agaonid fig wasp, and opens interesting perspectives on the evolution of cheating in fig pollinators.
Comparison between Types of Feeding on Goat Milk Composition

Twenty lactating Carpatina goats were randomly allocated to four treatment groups with different levels of concentrates on composition of Carpatina goat milk. Goats in group A were confined and fed alfalfa hay with 1.32 kg/day of concentrate mixture. Group B, C and D were rotationally grazed and received 1.32, 0.66 and 0 Kg/day of concentrate supplementation, respectively. The results obtained from this experiment indicated that goats fed with high concentrate level and pasture grazing (Group B and C) produced milk with significantly higher contents of fat, protein, lactose and total solids than goats kept on pasture alone (Group D) or under a confined feeding system with concentrate and hays (Group A ). Grazing significantly increased the concentration of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as -linolenic acid 0.49% (recorded from Group B). The milk from Group A (alfalfa hay and high concentrate) had an -linolenic acid content of 0.38%.
Evaluation of the HDLRuby Hardware Description Language by implementing an 8-bit RISC Processor

HDLRuby is a new hardware description language (HDL) based on Ruby created for improving the productivity of HW designers. This paper presents a study of the implementation from scratch with HDLRuby of an 8 - bit RISC processor called MEI8. This implementation required only little effort and its code is more than twice shorter than the equivalent VHDL code. The resulting processor was mapped onto a Virtex7 FPGA where it ran at 100MHz and was estimated to run at 28MHz when implemented as a 0. 5μm IC.
Roles of Abscisic Acid in Fruit Ripening

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant growth regulator, and it plays a variety of important roles throughout a plant’s life cycle. These roles include seed development and dormancy, plant response to environmental stresses, and fruit ripening. ABA concentration is very low in unripe fruit, but it increases as a fruit ripens, so it is therefore believed that ABA plays an important role in regulating the rate of fruit ripening. This article reviews the effect of ABA on ripening and quality of climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. The effects of ABA application on fruit ripening are subsequently discussed. Moreover, it is found that during fruit ripening, ABA also contributes to other functions, such as ethylene and respiratory metabolism, pigment and color changes, phenolic metabolism and nutritional contents, cell wall metabolism and fruit softening, and sugar and acid metabolism. These processes are all discussed as part of the relationship between ABA and fruit ripening, and the possibilities for its commercial application and use are highlighted.
The Pursuit Of Excellence: 3rd-Party Rankings And Positioning Of Online Programs Through Quality And Value

Third-party ranking agencies (e.g., US News and World Report, Center for Online Education, CollegeChoice.net) produce rankings that are a popular publicly accessible search option for potential students as they sort online degree options. While higher education administration is keen to the possibility that most or all ranking systems risk methodological flaws, potential students are still on board with rankings and seem significantly steered by their results (Barkhorn, 2014). Monitoring rankings has become a positioning consideration for academic institutions. The disparity amongst ranking factors across time and across assessor, along with the mismatch between ranking methods used and suggested methodologies from research on higher education begs the question: which attributes are colleges and universities supposed to leverage? This study reports a fully mediated SEM using data from online student feedback across multiple quality touch points: faculty, LMS and course on student loyalty as mediated by perceived value.
EVALUATION OF ORALLY DISINTEGRATING TABLET OF IBUPROFEN-β-CYCLODEXTRIN INCLUSION COMPLEX

Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of the inclusion complex formation of ibuprofen (IB) with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) in improving water solubility and taste masking as well as to study the effect of the combined use of super disintegrants in IB-β-CD ODT (Orally disintegrating tablet). Methods: IB-β-CD inclusion complex was prepared by spray drying technique with a 1:1 molar ratio. ODTs were prepared by the direct compression method using various ratios of Ac-Di-Sol® and Kollidon® CL as super disintegrant. The inclusion complex was characterized using spectroscopy FT-IR (Fourier-transform infrared) and DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry). The physical properties and dissolution rate of ODTs were evaluated. Dissolved drug concentration at 60 min (Q60) and Dissolution Efficiency (DE60) was calculated using the dissolution test result. Results: The unpleasant taste of IB had been successfully masked by IB-β-CD. Formula 1 was observed having 14.5 sec of disintegration, fastest compared to the other formulas. Moreover DE60 value of formula I was higher than the other formulas (113.45). Conclusion: IB-β-CD Inclusion complex prepared by spray drying method (1: 1) increased the water solubility and masked the unpleasant taste compared to IB moreover combination of Ac-Di-Sol® and Kollidon® CL increased ODT dissolution rate.
Modeling the test day milk yields via time series method.

Bu calismanin amaci kontrol gunu sut verimlerinin zaman serisi yontemi ile modellenmesi ve en isabetli ongoruleri saglayan kontrol gunu sayisinin belirlenmesidir. Bu amacla 1070 sut sigirina ait 10700 kontrol gunu kaydi kullanilmistir. Veri seti her birinde 5350 kayit bulunan iki guruba ayrilmistir. Bu gruplardan biri model parametrelerini tahmin amaci ile, digeri ise modelin ongoru basarisini degerlendirmek ve en isabetli ongoruleri saglayan kontrol gunu sayisini belirlemek amaci ile kullanilmistir. Calisma sonucunda ARIMA(2,0,0)(1,1,1)10 modeli uygun model olarak belirlenmis ve ongoru degerleri bu model kullanilarak elde edilmistir. Soz konusu modelin tahmin edilen parametre degerleri ile gosterimi (1-B)yt = [(1-0.99129B)/(1-0.36889B-0.06934B)(1-0.08352B)]at seklindedir. Gercek degerler ile ongoru degerleri arasinda yuksek ve istatistiksel olarak anlamli korelasyonlar saptanmistir. Sonuclar zaman serisi yaklasiminin sut veriminin ongorusunde kullanisli olabilecegini ortaya koymaktadir.
Bioefficacy of Botanicals and Biopesticides Against Brinjal Shoot and Fruit Borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guen. (Pyraustidae: Lepidoptera)

A field trial was conducted in a replicated randomized block design at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya Instructional Farm, West Bengal during 2005 and 2006, to assess the bioefficacy of two indigenous plant products viz., seed extracts of Annona squamosa (Annonaceae) and Strychnos nuxvomica (Loganeaceae) using methanol as solvent and an entomopathogenic fungus, Verticillium lecanii, in controlling shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guen. (Pyraustidae, Lepidoptera) on ‘Muktakeshi’ variety of brinjal. Both the botanicals were used at 2.0 ml, 3.0 ml and 4.0 ml/lit of water, while for V. lecanii, these were 1.5 g, 2.0 g and 3.0 g/lit of water. Besides untreated control, emamectin benzoate 5% SG was used at 0.22 g, 0.28 g and 0.56 g/lit of water, for comparison. The results obtained indicated a reduction in fruit damage in the range of 71.98% to 76.94%, 65.99% to 66.79% and 58.67% to 66.79% respectively, over control, in treatments with A. squamosa, S. nuxvomica and V. lecanii, while in case of emamectin benzoate, it was 69.93% to 73.04%. Keeping quality of fruits was better as compared to treatment with emamectin benzoate.
Sensory traits of capon meat in three chicken genotypes

Capons of three genotypes (Barred Prelux, Sulmtaler, Styrian hen) were fattened outdoors and slaughtered at two ages (163 and 198 days). Cockerels were caponised at age 47 days and at age 84 days were moved to grower houses with free access to pasture. Animals had ad libitum access to food and water. Ten carcasses of each genotype and age were sampled at slaughter for sensory analysis. The four trained panellist assessed three traits of raw carcasses on scale 1–5 and 19 traits on roasted carcasses on scale 1–7. Shear force was measured on cooled meat slices by apparatus Texture Analyser, TA.XT plus, Volodkevich contact cell. Statistical analysis was performed by MIXED procedure in SAS/STAT. Age at slaughter affected nine, genotype five and interaction between age and genotype three sensory traits. Shear force differed among genotypes and it got worse at older age. Any of three genotypes was not superior in most of sensory traits. Thus, decision which genotype to fatten and how long depends on preferences and importance of certain sensory traits by consumers.
Entrepreneurship: A Synthesis of Existing Literature

Entrepreneurship is a major construct in business studies. This study tries to synthesis the available literature on entrepreneurship construct. The study also attempts to establish a link among what, who and how of entrepreneurship. This study is motivated to identify a prominent area of investigation, in the field of entrepreneurship, for future researchers to ponder upon. The study proposes the entrepreneurial opportunity recognition process and entrepreneurial behavior as the prominent area for future investigation