Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship between toxicities and clinical benefits of newly approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors in thyroid cancer: A meta-analysis of literature.

BACKGROUND The aim of this meta-analysis was to analyze the relationship of toxicities and clinical benefits of newly approved lenvatinib and sorafenib to thyroid cancer (TC) in patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three major medical databases, PubMed, EMBASE, and ISI web of science were systematically searched to identify all studies on lenvatinib and sorafenib in TC. A meta-analysis was performed to clarify the toxicities and clinical benefits of newly Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved lenvatinib and sorafenib to thyroid cancer. RESULTS Ten studies (n = 749) were included which evaluated the toxicities and clinical benefits of newly FDA approved lenvatinib and sorafenib to thyroid cancer. 537 (71.7%) of the 749 patients bearing TC (radioiodine-refractory, differentiated thyroid cancer) clinical benefits from lenvatinib or sorafenib, and serious adverse events occurred in 430 (57.4%) of the 749 patients ([risk ratio (RR) = 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) = (1.05-1.53), P = 0.01]). While 31 (4.1%) of the 749 patients died due to various reasons, that mainly accounts for severe bleeding events and cardiac arrest. The clinical benefit is obvious compared to deaths ([RR = 17.06, 95% CI = (12.08-24.11), P < 0.001]). Subgroup analyses were then conducted according to cancer type (radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer [RR-TC] and TC). We found that in treating RR-TC, the clinical benefits are close to toxicities. While in treating TC, the clinical benefits are better than toxicities. And we found that sorafenib and lenvatinib might be proper to deal with TC (benefits rate 79.7%) compared to RR-TC (benefits rate 69.5%), taking consider of toxicities. CONCLUSIONS Lenvatinib and sorafenib are useful in the treatment of TC. Although, their toxicities remain high (57.4%) in the patients, the death rate is controlled (4.1%). Take consider of toxicities, lenvatinib, and sorafenib are more useful for TC compared to RR-TC.
Association between Prenatal and Postnatal Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Allergies in Young Children

Background. Many studies have shown a positive association between environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and allergic disorders, whereas epidemiological evidence of the effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on allergic diseases is inconsistent. We investigated the independent and joint effects of in utero exposure to maternal smoking and postnatal ETS exposure at home on allergic disorders among Japanese children. Methods. Study subjects were 1951 children aged 3 years. Data on maternal smoking during pregnancy and postnatal exposure to ETS at home, allergic symptoms, and potential confounders were collected through the use of a questionnaire. Outcomes were defined according to the criteria of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Results. The prevalence values of symptoms of wheeze, asthma, and eczema in the previous 12 months were 22.0%, 8.8%, and 17.2%, respectively. We found that postnatal ETS exposure at home in the absence of in utero exposure to maternal smoking was associated with a higher prevalence of wheeze (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–1.67). In contrast, in utero exposure without subsequent postnatal ETS exposure at home or exposure to postnatal ETS at home in addition to in utero exposure to maternal smoking was not associated with the prevalence of wheeze. No measurable associations were observed between fetal, postnatal, or joint exposure and the prevalence of asthma or eczema. Conclusions. Data from this study indicate that ETS at home may be associated with a higher prevalence of wheeze among young Japanese children.
Pharmacogenomics--drug disposition, drug targets, and side effects.

It is well recognized that different patients respond in different ways to the same medication. These differences are often greater among members of a population than they are within the same person at different times (or between monozygotic twins). 1 The existence of large population differences with small intrapatient variability is consistent with inheritance as a determinant of drug response; it is estimated that genetics can account for 20 to 95 percent of variability in drug disposition and effects.2 Although many nongenetic factors influence the effects of medications, including age, organ function, concomitant therapy, drug interactions, and the nature of the .
Reduced RKIP enhances nasopharyngeal carcinoma radioresistance by increasing ERK and AKT activity

Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) functions as a chemo-immunotherapeutic sensitizer of cancers, but regulation of RKIP on tumor radiosensitivity remains largely unexplored. In this study, we investigate the role and mechanism of RKIP in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) radioresistance. The results showed that RKIP was frequently downregulated in the radioresistant NPC tissues compared with radiosensitive NPC tissues, and its reduction correlated with NPC radioresistance and poor patient survival, and was an independent prognostic factor. In vitro radioresponse assay showed that RKIP overexpression decreased while RKIP knockdown increased NPC cell radioresistance. In the NPC xenografts, RKIP overexpression decreased while RKIP knockdown increased tumor radioresistance. Mechanistically, RKIP reduction promoted NPC cell radioresistance by increasing ERK and AKT activity, and AKT may be a downstream transducer of ERK signaling. Moreover, the levels of phospho-ERK−1/2 and phospho-AKT were increased in the radioresistant NPC tissues compared with radiosensitive ones, and negatively associated with RKIP expression, indicating that RKIP-regulated NPC radioresponse is mediated by ERK and AKT signaling in the clinical samples. Our data demonstrate that RKIP is a critical determinant of NPC radioresponse, and its reduction enhances NPC radioresistance through increasing ERK and AKT signaling activity, highlighting the therapeutic potential of RKIP-ERK-AKT signaling axis in NPC radiosensitization.
Conceptual geologic model and native state model of the Roosevelt Hot Springs hydrothermal system

A conceptual geologic model of the Roosevelt Hot Springs hydrothermal system was developed by a review of the available literature. The hydrothermal system consists of a meteoric recharge area in the Mineral Mountains, fluid circulation paths to depth, a heat source, and an outflow plume. A conceptual model based on the available data can be simulated in the native state using parameters that fall within observed ranges. The model temperatures, recharge rates, and fluid travel times are sensitive to the permeability in the Mineral Mountains. The simulation results suggests the presence of a magma chamber at depth as the likely heat source. A two-dimensional study of the hydrothermal system can be used to establish boundary conditions for further study of the geothermal reservoir.
Savings Defaults and Payment Delays for Cash Transfers: Field Experimental Evidence from Malawi

Financial products and transfer schemes are often designed to help individuals improve welfare by following through on intertemporal plans. This paper implements an artefactual field experiment in Malawi to test the ability of households to manage a cash windfall. This study varies whether 474 households receive a payment in cash or through direct deposit into pre-established accounts at a local bank. Payments are made immediately, with one day delay, or with eight days delay. Defaulting the payments into savings accounts leads to higher bank account balances, an effect that persists for several weeks. However, neither savings defaults nor payment delays affect the amount or composition of spending, suggesting that households manage cash effectively without the use of formal financial products.
A smart data annotation tool for multi-sensor activity recognition

Annotation of multimodal data sets is often a time consuming and a challenging task as many approaches require an accurate labeling. This includes in particular video recordings as often labeling exact to a frame is required. For that purpose, we created an annotation tool that enables to annotate data sets of video and inertial sensor data. However, in contrast to the most existing approaches, we focus on semi-supervised labeling support to infer labels for the whole dataset. More precisely, after labeling a small set of instances our system is able to provide labeling recommendations and in turn it makes learning of image features more feasible by speeding up the labeling time for single frames. We aim to rely on the inertial sensors of our wristband to support the labeling of video recordings. For that purpose, we apply template matching in context of dynamic time warping to identify time intervals of certain actions. To investigate the feasibility of our approach we focus on a real world scenario, i.e., we gathered a data set which describes an order picking scenario of a logistic company. In this context, we focus on the picking process as the selection of the correct items can be prone to errors. Preliminary results show that we are able to identify 69% of the grabbing motion periods of time.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins in Kidney Disease

The seven members of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein family (IGFBPs) were initially considered to be the regulatory proteins of IGFs in the blood circulation, mainly as the subsequent reserve for bidirectional regulation of IGF function during environmental changes. However, in recent years, IGFBPs has been found to have many functions independent of IGFs. The role of IGFBPs in regulating transcription, inducing cell migration and apoptosis is closely related to the occurrence and development of kidney disease. IGFBP-1, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-4 are closely associated with diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. IGFBP-3, IGFBP-4, IGFBP-5, IGFBP-6 are involved in different kidney disease such as diabetes, FSGS and CKD physiological process as apoptosis proteins, IGFBP-7 has been used in clinical practice as a biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis of AKI. This review focuses on the differential expression and pathogenesis of IGFBPs in kidney disease.
Iron Uptake in Salmonella typhimurium: Utilization of Exogenous Siderochromes as Iron Carriers

Aerobic microorganisms have evolved a variety of siderochromes, special ligands which can dissolve insoluble ferric iron and facilitate its transport into the cell. We have found that enb mutants of Salmonella typhimurium blocked in the biosynthesis of enterobactin (its natural iron carrier) are able to utilize siderochromes of different types made by other microorganisms as iron carriers. The antibiotic albomycin δ2 was used to select mutants defective in ferrichrome-mediated iron uptake. Twelve classes of albomycin-resistant mutants, named sid, were defined on the basis of their growth responses to other siderochromes. Most of these classes have genetic lesions in loci that are cotransduced with panC (represented at 9 min on the genetic map). The locus designated sidJ is cotransduced with enb, whereas sidK and sidL are linked with neither panC nor enb. Genetic and physiological data indicate that S. typhimurium has several transport systems of high specificity for a variety of siderochromes produced by other microorganisms.
Value of direct catheter staining in the diagnosis of intravascular-catheter-related infection

Ninety-nine intravascular catheters were evaluated by a semiquantitative culture and Gram and acridine orange direct stains. A diagnosis of catheter-related infection was determined by a retrospective review of clinical records. Compared with the culture method, direct examination of catheters lacked sensitivity. Surprisingly, for some patients, a positive stain for yeasts not recovered by culture was considered significant. The culture correlated with bacteremia but failed to predict infection in 42% of patients.
Comparaison de ressources lexicales pour l’extraction de synonymes

La construction automatique de thesaurus par collecte d’un ensemble de relations entre unites lexicales (synonymie, antonymie, meronymie, etc) est un objectif relativement ancien en traitement automatique des langues. Il est parfois etendu par l’ajout d’associations thematiques, aux contours variables. Les tentatives initiales etaient fondees soit sur des dictionnaires numeriques, soit sur des analyses distributionnelles rapprochant des termes ayant des contextes de cooccurrence similaires, soit les deux (Niwa & Nitta, 1994), prenant eventuellement en compte les fonctions syntaxiques (Lin, 1998). De nombreuses instances de ces idees ont ete proposees plus recemment, que ce soit en exploitant les structures de dictionnaires ou des donnees distributionnelles. Quand ils sont evalues, ces efforts se revelent plutot decevants : sauf a faire des restrictions importantes, les similarites ainsi definies rapportent un melange heterogene de fonctions lexicales et de termes semantiquement apparentes sans que les contours de cette parente soient evidents a delimiter. La synonymie est sans doute la fonction lexicale la plus testee parmi ces tentatives, car on dispose de references qui permettent de l’evaluer, jusqu’a un certain point. Le bilan a tirer de ces travaux est que les donnees utilisees pour extraire des relations lexicales n’ont sans doute pas livre tout le potentiel que les auteurs leur attribuent et que l’on connait encore mal la place reelle occupee par les termes en relations de synonymie parmi les associations calculees.
Almost Kinematic Reducibility of a Car Model with Small Lateral Slip Angle for Control Design

Nowadays there exist a vast literature on the lateral control of cars with different objectives ranging from stability control to autonomous driving on intelligent highways or virtual prototypes in CAE tools. The synthesis of the proposed controllers is based, in most papers, on standard models of the vehicle lateral dynamics such as the one-track model described in (2). The art of the control engineer has always been the choice of the right model for control design. Here, we describe the properties of a different model of the vehicle in terms of a recently introduced concept of kinematic reducibility. We claim that this model is best for control design and we illustrate the architecture of a controller previously developed by the authors. Finally, we show the controller behaviour in various simulations of aggressive maneuvers.
Postabsorptive plasma citrulline concentration is a marker of absorptive enterocyte mass and intestinal failure in humans.

BACKGROUND & AIMS No blood marker assessing the functional absorptive bowel length has been identified. Plasma citrulline, a nonprotein amino acid produced by intestinal mucosa, is one candidate. We tested this hypothesis in adult patients with the short-bowel syndrome, whose condition can lead to intestinal failure. METHODS In 57 patients, after a minimal follow-up of 2 years subsequent to final digestive circuit modification, postabsorptive citrulline concentration was measured and parenteral nutrition dependence was used to define permanent (n = 37) and transient (n = 20) intestinal failure. Absorptive function, studied over a 3-day period, was evaluated by net digestive absorption for protein and fat (n = 51). Relations between quantitative values were assessed by linear regression analysis and cutoff citrulline threshold, for a diagnosis of intestinal failure by linear discriminant analysis. Cox model was used to compare citrulline threshold and anatomic variables of the short bowel as indicators of transient as opposed to permanent intestinal failure. RESULTS In patients with short-bowel syndrome, citrulline levels were lower than in controls (n = 51): 20 +/- 13 vs. 40 +/- 10 micromol/L (mean +/- SD), respectively (P < 0.001). After multivariate analysis, citrullinemia was correlated to small bowel length (P < 0.0001, r = 0.86) and to net digestive absorption of fat, but to neither body mass index nor creatinine clearance. A 20-micromol/L threshold citrullinemia, (1) classified short bowel patients with permanent intestinal failure with high sensitivity (92%), specificity (90%), positive predictive value (95%), and negative value (86%); and (2) was a more reliable indicator (odds ratio, 20.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.9-206.1) than anatomic variables (odds ratio, 2.9; 95% confidence interval, 0. 5-15.8) to separate transient as opposed to permanent intestinal failure. CONCLUSIONS In patients with short-bowel syndrome, postabsorptive plasma citrulline concentration is a marker of functional absorptive bowel length and, past the 2-year adaptive period, a powerful independent indicator allowing distinction of transient from permanent intestinal failure.
Towards ultra-reliable M2M communication: Scheduling policies in fading channels

Design of the scheduling algorithm that satisfies the stringent timing and reliability requirements of control systems, while considering the delay and packet errors in the wireless channel, and limited battery resources of the sensors is the main challenge of ultra-reliable machine-to-machine (M2M) control applications. Transmission delay and energy consumption of a sensor node are determined by the transmission power and rate of that sensor node and the concurrently transmitting nodes. Hence, the transmission schedule, and the power and rate parameters of the nodes should be jointly optimized. Joint optimization problem for M2M control applications has been previously formulated and solved by adopting a static channel. In this paper, we extend this framework for fading channels. First, we propose an offline scheduling algorithm that exploits the periodic nature of the transmissions under a priori known channel. Then we propose an online scheduling algorithm based on the prediction of the channel information by using previous measurements, scheduling of the nodes using offline algorithm, and modification of the schedule and the transmission parameters of the nodes under the actual channel information as time evolves. Extensive simulations demonstrate the near optimal performance of online and offline scheduling algorithms for different network sizes and densities.
Substance P in the medial amygdala: Emotional stress-sensitive release and modulation of anxiety-related behavior in rats

Increasing evidence implicates the substance P (SP)/neurokinin-1 receptor system in anxiety and depression. However, it is not known whether emotional stimulation alters endogenous extracellular SP levels in brain areas important for processing of anxiety and mood, a prerequisite for a contribution of this neuropeptide system in modulating these behaviors. Therefore, we examined in rats whether the release of SP is sensitive to emotional stressors in distinct subregions of the amygdala, a key area in processing of emotions. By using in vivo micropush–pull superfusion and microdialysis techniques, we found a pronounced and long-lasting increase (150%) in SP release in the medial nucleus of the amygdala (MeA), but not in the central nucleus of the amygdala, in response to immobilization stress. SP release in the MeA was transiently enhanced (40%) in response to elevated platform exposure, which is regarded as a mild emotional stressor. Immobilization enhanced the anxiety-related behavior evaluated in the subsequently performed elevated plus-maze test. Bilateral microinjections of the neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist [2-cyclopropoxy-5-(5-(trifluoromethyl)tetrazol-1-yl)benzyl]-(2-phenylpiperidin-3-yl)amine into the MeA blocked the stress-induced anxiogenic-like effect, supporting a functional significance of enhanced SP release. In unstressed rats, the neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist displayed no significant anxiolytic effect but reversed the anxiogenic effect of SP microinjected into the MeA. Our findings identify the MeA as a critical brain area for the involvement of SP transmission in anxiety responses and as a putative site of action for the recently discovered therapeutic effects of SP antagonists in the treatment of stress-related disorders.
The Human Herpesviruses

The family herpesviridae: a brief introduction, Bernard Roizman herpes simplex viruses and their replication, Bernard Roizman and Amy E. Sears the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of herpes simplex virus infections, Richard J. Whitley, John W. Gnann, Jr. epstein-barr virus, David Liebowitz, Elliott Kieff cytomegalovirus biology and replication, Edward S. Mocarski, Jr. cytomegalovirus, Charles A. Alford, William J. Britt varicella-zoster virus: molecular biology, Lawrence D. Gelb varicella-zoster virus: clinical aspects, Lawrence D. Gelb human herpesvirus 6 & 7 - molecular biology and clinical aspects, Carlos Lopez the biology of B virus, Richard J. Whitley antiviral therapy, Richard J. Whitley, John W. Gnann, Jr. epstein-barr virus vaccine, Gary R. Pearson, Paul H. Levine live attenuated varicella vaccine, Anne A. Gershon, Philip LaRussa, et al current status of HSV vaccine development, Rae Lynn Burke cytomegalovirus vaccines, Gary S. Marshall, Stanley A. Plotkin immunity to herpesvirus infections in humans, Carlos Lopez, Ann M. Arvin, et al.
Estimating the Length of Hospitalization Attributable to Multidrug Antibiotic Resistance

The topic of the economic impact of antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative nosocomial infection assessed in the article by Mauldin et al. (4) carries our particular interest (1, 5). One of the most important determinants of hospital costs is the length of stay (LOS). The median LOSs observed by Mauldin et al. for patients infected with susceptible and multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria were 30 days and 47 days, respectively (P < 0.0001). Accordingly, hospital costs were significantly higher in the latter group (median cost of $178,359 versus $106,293; P < 0.0001). As the authors themselves point out, this figure might be an overestimate, as the analysis lacked adjustment for LOS prior to the onset of infection, which is a well-known confounder in studies investigating the clinical and economic impact of MDR bacteria (2). Mauldin et al. did not consider LOS prior to infection because the exact date of infection is difficult to determine and because the infection-associated costs may increase even before the time of diagnosis. We respectfully disagree with the authors, as we believe these are insufficient reasons to exclude LOS prior to infection from the equation. First, difficulty in determining the onset of infection is a problem that is valid for patients infected with either susceptible or multidrug-resistant pathogens. Second, the onset of infection can be determined by initiation of empirical antimicrobial therapy, which is an important determinant of sepsis-related costs (6). Third, the difference in cost due to variability in determination of the onset of infection is outweighed by the magnitude of differences in the LOS prior to onset of infection for patients infected by susceptible and multidrug-resistant pathogens. This is illustrated in a study in which the LOSs of critically ill patients with bacteremia caused by susceptible (n = 208) and MDR (n = 120) Gram-negative bacilli were compared (3). The median total lengths of hospitalization in patients with bacteremia caused by MDR and susceptible bacteria were 60 days and 47 days (P = 0.007), respectively. Yet, this difference was nearly completely due to the difference in the LOS prior to the onset of bacteremia: 23 days and 11 days (P < 0.001), respectively. The LOSs after onset of bacteremia (calculated from the day of blood culture sampling) were not different: 35 days and 27 days (P = 0.333), respectively. These data illustrate that the confounding potential of LOS prior to infection cannot be disregarded in an analysis aiming to estimate the economic impact of infections caused by MDR pathogens.