Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Qualidade do Atendimento na Educação Infantil: um estudo em duas culturas

Com o objetivo de colher subsidios para melhorar a experiencia de vida da crianca na creche, foi realizado um estudo de caso qualitativo que procurou inves-tigar semelhancas e diferencas na educacao infantil de uma creche norte-americana e de uma creche brasileira. Os dados foram coletados atraves de observacoes e de en-trevistas em duas creches particulares que atendem criancas de zero a seis anos de idade, pertencentes aos niveis socio-economicos medio, medio-baixo e baixo e locali-zadas, respectivamente, em uma capital dos Estados Unidos e do Brasil. Os resultados indicam que a creche de boa qualidade constitui um contexto propicio ao desenvolvi-mento da crianca e que a qualidade do atendimento na creche esta estreitamente rela-cionada com as qualidades pessoais de suas (seus) atendentes. Sao discutidas e com-paradas semelhancas e dessemelhancas culturais com o objetivo de adiantar sugestoes para aprimorar a qualidade do atendimento na creche de boa qualidade e de desvelar os pressupostos culturais de normas e regras, as vezes destituidas de logica, que sao tidas como dados inquestionaveis. Descritores – Psicologia infantil; educacao infantil; creches; formacao de professores. ABSTRACT – Aiming to obtain elements to improve child’s life experience in child-care centers, it was carried out a qualitative case study that investigated similarities and differences between childcare education in Brazil and United States. The data were collected through observations and interviews in two private childcare centers, located in a capital from the United States and from Brazil, which assisted children from zero to six-years of age, from middle and low-middle social economical levels. The results indicate that the good quality childcare center constitutes a favorable context for children's development process and that the quality of the childcare cen-ter's assistance is directly related to personal qualities of its caregivers. It is discussed and compared cultural similarities and differences with the purpose of advancing suggestions to improve the quality of assistance at childcare centers and to unveil the cultural assumptions underlying sometimes illogical taken for granted rules and norms. Descriptors – Child psychology; early education; nursery schools; teacher's educa-tion.
Dementia Associated with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Approximately one third of adults and half of children with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) eventually have neurologic complications, which are directly attributable to infection of the brain by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). 1,2 Neurologic problems occur even in the absence of opportunistic infection or secondary cancer.3 Important clinical manifestations include impaired mental concentration, slowness of hand movements, and difficulty in walking. This malady has been called the AIDS dementia complex by Price and colleagues3; a more recent term is HIV-1–associated cognitive–motor complex. Pathologically, the signs of HIV-1 infection in the central nervous system (or HIV .
Printing types, their history, forms, and use

This study of typography traces the development of type design over the past five centuries, and discusses the lessons they hold for today's designers. The 367 illustrations reproduce selected pages from rare and beautiful books. The accompanying text examines the historical and artistic significance of these specimens, which represent the best work of printers and type founders from Gutenberg to Bruce Rogers. The two original books are here reproduced in one huge volume of over 1000 pages. This work should belong in the library of a typographer or those interested in printing history.
Disease-activity in ANCA-associated vasculitis

Background: Expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) by infi ltrating and intrinsic renal cells is increased in infl ammatory conditions, and may correlate with disease activity of glomerulonephritis. We analysed renal expression of MMPs, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and markers of neutrophil and monocyte infi ltration in renal biopsies of patients with active ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis. Methods: Immunohistochemical expression of MMP-2, -3, -9, TIMP-1, the neutrophil and monocyte derived MMP activators cathepsin G, neutrophil elastase, and myeloperoxidase, and the monocyte marker CD14 was determined in renal biopsies of active PR3-ANCA (n=7) and MPO-ANCA (n=6) associated glomerulonephritis, and in normal renal tissue (n=4). Double-labelling experiments of MMPs and TIMP-1 were performed with MPO and CD68, labelling neutrophils and macrophages. Results: MMP-2, -3, -9, and TIMP-1 positive cells were detected in ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis in glomeruli with active infl ammation (cellular crescents or fi brinoid necrosis), only occasionally in normal appearing glomeruli, and not in sclerotic glomeruli and in the tubulo-interstitium. MMPs and TIMP-1 were predominantly expressed by MPO and CD68 positive cells. In normal renal tissue no expression was detected with the exception of weak mesangial staining for MMP-2. In ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis glomerular MMP-2, -9, and TIMP-1 correlated with glomerular cathepsin G expression, while the number of MMP-9 expressing cells per glomerulus correlated with the percentage of crescentic glomeruli. Tubulo-interstitial expression of MMPs
Ekstraksi dan Identifikasi Komponen Sulfida pada Bawang Putih (Allium sativum)

Yuniastuti, Katria, Winarni Pratjojo, Sri Wardani, 2006. Ekstraksi dan Identifikasi Komponen Sulfida pada Bawang Putih (Allium sativum). Tugas Akhir II. Jurusan Kimia. Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam. Universitas Negeri Semarang. Bawang putih merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman berumbi yang mempunyai banyak kegunaannya, terutama bidang kesehatan, karena pada umbi bawang putih mengandung banyak zat-zat yang mengandung komponen sulfida, yang sangat berguna untuk kesehatan. Kegunaan bawang putih di bidang kesehatan berkaitan dengan adanya komponen-komponen sulfida di dalamnya, dimana komponen sulfida utamanya adalah allisin, diallil disulfida, diallil trisulfida, dan metil allil trisulfida. Masih ada komponen sulfida yang lain dalam bawang putih, tetapi jumlahnya lebih kecil dari komponen sulfida utama. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengisolasi komponen sulfida yang ada dengan cara ekstraksi menggunakan sistem maserasi, dan mengidentifikasi dengan IR dan GC-MS. Isolasi komponen sulfida dilakukan dengan cara merendam (maserasi) bawang putih dengan etanol p.a yang telah dikupas, dicuci dan dihancurkan terlebih dahulu. Rendaman tersebut dibiarkan selama 24 jam dalam keadaan tertutup. Setelah 24 jam, rendaman didekantasi untuk memisahkan residu dan filtratnya. Filtrat yang ada kemudian dianalisis menggunakan GC-MS. Analisis menggunakan kromatografi gas (Gas Chromatography) menunjukkan bahwa dalam sampel yang diuji terdapat dua jenis senyawa terlihat dengan munculnya dua puncak. Puncak pertama muncul pada waktu retensi 8,117 dengan puncak dasar 41 dan mempunyai persentase 42,73%. Puncak kedua muncul pada waktu retensi 12,150 dengan puncak dasar 39 dan mempunyai persentase 57,27%. Analisis menggunakan spektrometri massa menunjukkan bahwa komponen sulfida yang ada mempunyai berat molekul 146. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam larutan hasil ekstraksi bawang putih terdapat diallil disulfida (C6H10S2) dan suatu senyawa yang mempunyai kemiripan dengan allil sulfida (C6H10S). Untuk membuktikan gugus apa saja yang ada di dalam filtrat bawang putih yang diujikan, diadakan kembali analisis menggunakan spektrofotometri IR. Pengujian menggunakan spektrofotometri IR telah membuktikan bahwa gugus-gugus fungsi dalam komponen sulfida yang teranalisis dalam spektrofotometri IR sesuai dengan yang teranalisis oleh GC-MS.
Nursing Home Care for Adults With Chronic Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that spans the life course and presents varying challenges for individuals in different life stages. As long-term psychiatric hospitalization options have been reduced throughout the Western world, and community-based services have not kept pace with demand, adults with schizophrenia have increasingly been admitted to nursing homes despite the fact that they are often considerably younger than other residents. This article explores the use of nursing homes as chronic mental health facilities and the role that social workers can play in improving the quality of life of residents suffering from schizophrenia.
MDB mecanismo cognitivo darwinista para agentes autónomos

La presente Tesis Doctoral presenta un Mecanismo Cognitivo denominado MDB (Multilevel Darwinist Brain) basado en teorias darwinistas que ha sido disenado para permitir que cualquier tipo de agente se adapte a su entorno y a sus motivaciones de forma autonoma. Los posibles cambios, tanto externos como internos, conllevan la necesidad de que el agente produzca soluciones originales y creativas para satisfacer sus motivaciones. El mecanismo dotara a un determinado agente autonomo de capacidades inteligentes que lo catalogan como Agente Inteligente (AAI), plataforma de aplicacion final. La estructura general del MDB se concreta en una jerarquia de dos niveles: razonamiento e interaccion. Esta estructura corresponde a un modelo cognitivo generico donde internamente se trabaja con modelos de mundo, modelos y estrategias que se escogen para satisfacer la motivacion del comportamiento. La principal novedad que aporta el MDB reside en su planteamiento de base, esto es, en las teorias biopsicologicas que lo fundamentan. Se ha optado por un enfoque darwinista donde se hace necesario y el desarrollo interno de modelos que evolucionan tal y como ocurre en los procesos selectivos naturales y que son utilizados para la seleccion de la accion a palicar. En la interaccion con el entorno se comprueba si la estrategia adoptada ha sido correcta, y el resultado que esta produce proporciona una nueva muestra representativa de la relacion agente-entorno que permite ir perfeccionando los modelos en tiempo real. Se hace necesaria, por tanto, la utilizacion de un mecanismo que gestione las muestras que se van obteniendo y su almacenamiento en una Memoria a Corto Plazo de modo que se guarden las muestras mas relevantes para la obtencion de los modelos. El proceso de aprendizaje de los modelos se realiza mediante tecnicas evolutivas, y dadas las especiales caracteristicas del MDB, se desarrolla un nuevo algoritmos genetico en genes pr
Design Criteria for Headphones

An alternative procedure is proposed for measuring headphone performance on human ears. Psychoacoustic procedures are replaced with the measurement of sound pressure at the input to the human ear canal. Furthermore, the exposure of each subject to a reference sound field is replaced by prior knowledge of a desired frequency response. Design goals are given for free-field- and diffuse-field-calibrated headphones, and for measurements at the open and blocked ear canal. The new method avoids the uncertainty from a psychometric procedure, and it allows diffuse-field calibration even at pure tones and narrow frequency bands. Also the extra variance from a physical diffuse sound field is avoided
A esfera paratextual: o lugar do leitor-participante no webjornalismo

Discute a organizacao discursiva do webjornalismo e o lugar ocupado pelo leitor que, convocado a interagir com o produto, pode estabelecer varios niveis de interacao: com o material disponibilizado e, a partir da postagem de comentarios, com uma comunidade de leitores, no contexto das “comunidades de experiencia”. Aborda o texto webjornalistico na perspectiva do paratexto.
ESTIMULACIÓN TEMPRANA DE LAS FUNCIONES EJECUTIVAS EN ESCOLARES, UNA REVISIÓN ACTUALIZADA

RESUMEN El presente trabajo analiza las Funciones ejecutivas (FE) en escolares a fin de conocer e identificar tecnicas de estimulacion de dichas funciones en inicios de la edad escolar. Para ello se realizo una revision en las revistas Scoopus, Medline, Psycinfo, con un rango de fechas entre el ano 2006 y el 2013. Se incluyeron los estudios que incorporaran tecnicas de estimulacion de FE en inicios de la edad escolar considerando los 3 circuitos cerebrales: cognitivo, emocional y psicomotor. Se excluyeron estudios con adolescentes y adultos, o que incluyeran poblacion patologica. A su vez, se describieron programas actualizados que estimulan el componente cognitivo, emocional y psicomotor de las FE en inicios de la edad escolar. Respecto a los resultados obtenidos, se concluye que es posible estimular tempranamente las FE con resultados satisfactorios. Como se senalo en su momento, existen intervenciones que estimulan los tres circuitos neurales de las funciones ejecutivas por separado. Sin embargo, seria recomendable integrarlos, en la medida que la madurez cerebral y el desarrollo neuropsicologico del nino progresan de manera global, con el fin de aumentar la efectividad de la intervencion, ya que es el mismo circuito neural que conlleva los 3 componentes. Palabras clave: Funciones ejecutivas, lobulo frontal, corteza prefrontal, estimulacion, escolares. ABSTRACT Abstract: This paper discusses the executive functions (EF) in school to know and identify stimulation techniques such functions in early school age. For this, a review was conducted in Scoopus journals , Medline , PsycINFO , with a date range 1/01/ 2006 - 1/4/2013 . Cognitive, emotional and psychomotor : studies that incorporated FE stimulation techniques in early school age considering all 3 brain circuits were included. Studies with adolescents and adults are excluded or included pathological population. In turn, updated programs that stimulate the cognitive, emotional and psychomotor component of FE in early school age were described. Regarding the results obtained , it can be concluded that it is possible to stimulate the early FE with satisfactory results. It is suggested that the three components separately would be advisable to encourage and integrate them into maturity as the brain and neuropsychological development of the child’s progress globally. Keywords: executive functions , frontal lobe, prefrontal cortex, stimulation school .
The Assessment of Community-Based Approach in Implementing Mother and Child Health Project of Immunization in Tanzania: The Case of Arusha Municipality

The study sought to assess the community involvement in Community-Based Approach used by local Non-Governmental Organizations in implementing Maternal/Mother and Child Health Project of immunization in Arusha Region. The study was conducted in four places in Arusha Municipality. The study had three main specific objectives namely; to examine the involvement of men and women in Community-Based Approach used by local Non Government Organizations in implementing Maternal/Mother and Child Health Project of immunization, to assess the involvement of men and women in Community-Based Approach across gender lines in implementing Maternal/Mother and Child Health Project of immunization, and to propose sustainable approaches to men and women involvement in Community-Based Approach in implementing Maternal/Mother and Child Health Project of immunization. The study employed descriptive survey design with sampling size of 100 respondents involving 50 women and 50 men of different ages. Data collection was done using questionnaires instrument, oral interview, observation, and desk review. The quantitative data was subjected to monovariate analysis by the aid of SPSS software while the qualitative were analysed by narration. The findings revealed that lack of proper education, availability low income, and prevalence of patriarchy system of life among the majority were the major threatening challenges on implementing of Maternal/Mother and Child Health project of immunization. The study concluded that public awareness should be provided to the community so as to raise awareness on matters pertaining to MCH, improvement of income to the community, and implementation of sustainable approaches towards MCH projects including immunization.
Young Poles About Young Germans – Similarities and Differences. Evolution of the „stereotype“ based on a young generation sample from a cross-cultural borderland area in Głogówek in the Opole region

Abstract This article attempts to show the picture young generation Poles from the cultural boundary have of young generation Germans. It is based on empirical research conducted three times on the youth in Glogowek in the Opole region (vgl. 1988, 1995 and 2005). However, the conclusions concern the entire social-cultural boundary encompassing the area of Opole and Upper Silesia. Section 1 presents the historical conditions of how the image of Germans in Poland has evolved. Section 2 presents the opinions the young generation have of Germans. Section 3 describes the methodological basis of the research. The theoretical concept of the picture presented in Section 4 will serve as a basis for presentation of the empirical research. Quantitative and qualitative analyses showed that in the three examined periods of time the image of Germans has been evolving and become more and more positive. During the period of real socialism the image concentrated on material values, in the early 1990s on lifestyle, and at the beginning of the 21st century on consumer values. Keywords: Youth in Poland and Germany, identity, stereotype ----- Junge Polen uber junge Deutsche. Evolution des Stereotyps am Beispiel der jungen Generation im kulturellen Grenzland in Oberglogau in Oberschlesien im Oppelner Land Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag bildet einen Versuch das Stereotyp der jungen Deutschen darzustellen, das die im kulturellen Grenzland lebende junge Generation der Polen hat. Dafur wurden 1988, 1995 und 2005 Jugendliche in Oberglogau im Oppelner Land empirisch untersucht. Im Rahmen der folgenden Ausfuhrungen werden in Kapitel 2 die historischen Bedingungen der Gestaltung des Stereotyps eines Deutschen in Polen geschildert. Abschnitt 3 enthalt die Meinungen uber die junge deutsche Generation. Punkt 4 stellt die methodologische Vorgehensweise vor. Die hier erlauterte theoretische Konzeption des Stereotyps dient der Vorstellung der empirischen Forschungen (vgl. Kapitel 5). Die quantitative und qualitative Untersuchung zeigte, dass sich in den drei Zeitabschnitten das Stereotyp der Deutschen in eine immer mehr positive Richtung entwickelte. In der Zeit des realen Sozialismus konzentrierte es sich auf die materiellen Werte, Anfang der Neunzigerjahre trat der Lebensstil in den Vordergrund, Anfang des 21. Jahrhunderts die Konsumption. Schlagworter: Jugend in Polen und Deutschland, Identitat, Stereotypen
Librarians, Informaticists, Informationists, and Other Information Professionals in Biomedicine and the Health Sciences

Abstract Biomedicine and health today are supported by a tightly woven interdisciplinary braid of (1) the discovery and use of information content, (2) its storage, management, and retrieval by information science (including the practice of librarianship) enabled by (3) the tools of information technology. Few specialists in one strand of the braid can work without some understanding of the other two strands. None have a monopoly on any one strand. Professional titles in research, education, and practice often are inadequate descriptions of the cross-disciplinary roles of their holders, or the actual practice of the professions. Some are medical librarians, health information managers, biomedical informaticists, and clinical informationists. Others work with controlled vocabularies, imaging and radiation therapy informatics, or business information systems. Biomedical informatics and bioinformatics related to human health include biosignals (including patient monitoring), laboratory informatics, pharmaceutical informatics, biomolecular informatics, genetic informatics, and proteonomics.
Nuevas tendencias en recuperación de información: la búsqueda de respuestas desde la perspectiva de la traducción

espanolEn el entorno de la Web la sobrecarga de informacion se deja sentir aun mas que en otros contextos. De esta forma, en demasiadas ocasiones, al plantear una determinada consulta en las herramientas de busqueda de informacion Web el numero de paginas Web recuperadas resulta excesivo y no todas ellas son relevantes ni utiles para los objetivos del usuario. Un paso en la evolucion hacia la mejora de la Recuperacion de Informacion (RI) son los sistemas de busqueda de respuestas (SBR) multilingues, que se presentan como una alternativa a los tradicionales sistemas de RI tratando de ofrecer respuestas precisas y comprensibles a preguntas factuales. Se han estudiado, analizado y evaluado los diferentes SBR disponibles en la Web, tanto monolingues como multilingues, de dominio general y del especializado. Ademas, se ha procedido al analisis de los recursos linguisticos utilizados en los SBR multilingues, y a la evaluacion de su uso real y eficacia mediante tecnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas. EnglishInformation overload is felt more strongly on the Web than elsewhere. All too often a query made with a web search tool (search engine or meta-search engine) results in the retrieval of too many pages - many of which are useless or irrelevant to the user. Question Answering Systems are an evolutionary improvement in Information Retrieval systems. As an alternative to traditional IR systems, they give correct and understandable answers to factual questions - rather than just offering a list of documents related to the search. Our first aim is to analyze and evaluate the different Question Answering Systems, monolingual and multilingual, open and restricteddomain, available in Web. The second general aim is to identify the linguistic resources and tools found in these systems, and establishing how much use is made of these tools by multi-lingual QA systems.
identifying archaeological knowledge using multi dimensional scaling and multiple constraint satisfaction

In this thesis, I look at the current state of research in two fields: the cognitive psychology of learning and expertise & the development of Intelligent Tutoring Systems, especially their methods of modelling the users knowledge state. Within these areas I proceed to examine the way that these theories have overlapped in the past and consider their recent divergence, suggesting that this parting of the ways is premature. I then consider other relevent research so as to suggest a hypothesis where a symbolic connectionist approach to the modelling of knowledge states could be a solution to previous difficulties in the field of Intelligent Tutoring. This hypothesis is then used to construct a method for its examination and also a computer program to analyse the collected data. I then undertake experimental work to validate my hypothesis, and compare my results and methods with a pre-established technique for interpreting the data, that of multi-dimensional scaling. Finally the method now shown to be feasible is discussed to indicate the its success and highlight its shortcomings. Further suggestions are also made as to further research avenues.