Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pattern of Uncomplicated Malaria Treatment and Antimalarial Prescription Practices among Health Workers in the Littoral Region of Cameroon: An Assessment of Ten Years Post-Malaria Treatment Policy Change

Following highly prevalent Plasmodium resistant strains to antimalarial monotherapies in malaria endemic countries, uncomplicated malaria treatment policy changed to artemisinine-based combination therapies (ACTs). After adoption of this new treatment policy in a country, sufficient care is needed to be taken to prevent occurrence of resistance to the latest drugs. As Cameroon shifted to ACT in 2004, this study aimed to assess knowledge and practices of health workers in government health facilities of the Littoral region regarding mild malaria management in health facilities as well as according to prescription qualities of ACTs in leaflets received in pharmacies. A total of 66 physicians and 16 nurses were questioned in 10 health facilities and 503 medical leaflets with ACTs prescriptions were viewed in 17 pharmacies. All medical workers questioned correctly were defined mild malaria and were aware of the antimalarial policy change in Cameroon. Overall ACTs prescription for mild malaria management in children and adult patients was 72.2% and 87.8% respectively. An important proportion of health workers prescribed antimalarial monotherapies and non recommended antimalarial for uncomplicated malaria treatment. 31.7% of participants did not systematically recommend laboratory diagnostic test before antimalarial prescription. Of leaflets viewed in pharmacies, ACTs were prescribed by physicians, nurses and laboratory technicians. Age was the only criteria for ACTs prescription. Appropriate ACTs quality prescription ranged between 81.2% and 94.4%. Of the ACTs prescribed, blisters had the highest (92.9%) appropriate quality prescription and solutions the lowest (83.3%). According to qualification of prescribers, physicians had the highest score (93.1%) of appropriate quality prescription and laboratory technicians the lowest score (28.1%). For all ACTs containing medical leaflets, concomitant medications were recorded namely antipyretic (73.9%), antibiotic (21.9%), non steroid anti-inflammatory (19.9%) or vitamins (18.1%). Data gathered indicated that although health workers were aware of uncomplicated malaria treatment policy change in Cameroon, mild malaria mismanagement was prevailing in health facilities of the Littoral region and ACTs quality prescription in medical leaflets was not optimal. Therefore, awareness is still needed among prescribers in order to prevent or at least slow the occurrence of Plasmodium resistant strains to ACTs in Cameroon.
Biomarkers of liver fibrosis

Currently the only accepted method (gold standard) for the diagnosis of the fibrotic stages of chronic liver disease (CLD) is liver biopsy, to allow histological assessment. Liver biopsy is an invasive investigation associated with a range adverse events (e.g. pain, haemorrhage) limiting its serial usage in clinical practice. Additionally, its use is further reduced by sampling error and because histology is in effect a surrogate for clinical outcomes. Over recent years, alternative non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis have been developed. Initially developed in chronic viral hepatitis these have since seen their use expanded to include all aetiologies of CLD. Such markers can be divided into indirect ‘simple’ markers (e.g. transaminases, gamma-glutamyl transferase, platelet count), direct ‘complex’ markers (e.g. procollagen peptides I/III, Type IV collagen), cytokines (e.g. interleukin-10, transforming growth factor alpha) and imaging. Here, we discuss the clinical utility, limitations and development of non-invasive biomarkers in their use as diagnostic and prognostic tests.
Editorial Response: What Can We Do About Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci?

The article by Edmond et al. [1] in this issue illustrates many of the features common to infection or colonization by vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), such as the more frequent occurrence of VRE in teaching hospitals. VRE are also more common in larger hospitals, as was shown in a 1993 survey that found vancomycin resistance in 3.6% of enterococci in hospitals with >500 beds (the hospital in the report by Edmond et al. had 542 beds), in 1.8% of enterococci in hospitals with 200-500 beds, and none in hospitals with <200 beds [2]. In addition, the patients involved in the outbreak reported by Edmond et al. are typical of those described in other studies who have been infected or colonized
Current concepts review : Posterior shoulder dislocations and fracture-dislocations

Posterior shoulder dislocations and fracture-dislocations are uncommon injuries that most often occur during seizures or as a result of high-energy trauma. Despite advances in imaging, they are frequently diagnosed late. Detection is facilitated by heightened clinical suspicion of the injury in high-risk individuals together with appropriate radiographic investigation. A wide variety of operative techniques, ranging from simple closed reduction to soft-tissue and bone stabilization procedures to prosthetic arthroplasty, are available to treat these injuries. Selection of the most appropriate treatment option is complex and multifactorial. Because of the rarity of these injuries, evidence-based treatment protocols are difficult to devise. Good functional outcomes are associated with early detection and treatment of isolated posterior dislocations that are associated with a small osseous defect and are stable following closed reduction. Poor prognostic factors include late diagnosis, a large anterior defect In the humeral head, deformity or arthrosis of the humeral head, an associated fracture of the proximal part of the humerus, and the need for an arthroplasty.
Review of the diagnosis and treatment of pregnant psychiatric inpatients

1Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Department of Psychiatry, Rize Turkey 2Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul Turkey 3Maltepe University, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul Turkey 4Sinop State Hospital, Sinop Turkey Letter to the Editor / Editöre Mektup Dusunen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences 2016;29:96-98 DOI: 10.5350/DAJPN2016290112
Fostering Professional Development in Medical Students: Gender Differences in Medical School Honors Programs

Gender differences exist in undergraduate medical school and specialty choice and the role of gender has not been well studied in honors programs. Do traditional gender differences exist and remain in these programs in medical school? Longitudinal data from medical students graduating from 2009-2013 (n=678) at one medical school were analyzed to explore associations between program enrollment, demographic characteristics, academic performance and specialty choice. 245 (36%) medical students enrolled in the Bioethics and Professionalism Honors Program (BPHP) and 130 (19%) enrolled in the Research Honors Program (RHP). For BPHP, a significantly larger proportion of females completed the program (p=0.001); for RHP a significantly smaller proportion of females enrolled (p=0.02) while a similar proportion of both genders completed it. More women completed both programs. RHP students had significantly stronger academic profiles than non-enrolled students and were more likely to choose a surgical specialty. Given these results, honors programs may help foster women’s professional development and leadership in medicine. These demographic differences were noted and require further study.
Guideline for isolation precautions: preventing transmission of infectious agents in healthcare settings 2007

146. In: 16th Annual Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. Chicago, Ill; 2006. 950. Harvey MA. Critical-care-unit bedside design and furnishing: impact on nosocomial infections. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1998;19(8):597­ 601. 951. Srinivasan A, Beck C, Buckley T, et al. The ability of hospital ventilation systems to filter Aspergillus and other fungi following a building implosion. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2002;23(9):520-4. 952. Maragakis LL, Bradley KL, Song X, et al. Increased catheter-related bloodstream infection rates after the introduction of a new mechanical valve intravenous access port. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2006;27(1):67-70. 953. Organizations JCoAoH. Comprehensive Accredication Manual for Hospitals: The Official Handbook. Oakbrook Terrace: JCAHO; 2007. 954. Peterson LR, Noskin GA. New technology for detecting multidrug­ resistant pathogens in the clinical microbiology laboratory. Emerg Infect Dis 2001;7(2):306-11. 955. Diekema DJ, Doebbeling BN. Employee health and infection control. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1995;16(5):292-301. 956. Rutala WA, Weber DJ, Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC). Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization in Health-Care Facilities. In preparation. 957. Weems JJ, Jr. Nosocomial outbreak of Pseudomonas cepacia associated with contamination of reusable electronic ventilator temperature probes. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1993;14(10):583-6. 958. Berthelot P, Grattard F, Mahul P, et al. Ventilator temperature sensors: an unusual source of Pseudomonas cepacia in nosocomial infection. J Hosp Infect 1993;25(1):33-43. 959. 959. CDC. Bronchoscopy-related infections and pseudoinfections--New York, 1996 and 1998. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1999;48(26):557­ 60. 960. Heeg P, Roth K, Reichl R, Cogdill CP, Bond WW. Decontaminated single-use devices: an oxymoron that may be placing patients at risk for cross-contamination. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2001;22(9):542-9. 961. www.fda. gov/cdrh/reprocessing/ 962. CDC. Prevention and Control of Influenza: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report 2003;52(RR08):1-36.
Crohn's strictures Long-term value of endoscopic dilatation for

http://gut.bmj. com/content/59/3/288.full. html Updated information and services can be found at: These include: References http://gut.bmj. com/content/59/3/288.full. html#ref-list-1 This article cites 9 articles, 2 of which can be accessed free at: service Email alerting box at the top right corner of the online article. Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up in the Notes
Oral retinoid-induced cheilitis

50 INTRODUCTION Retinoids are a class of molecules, structurally related to Vitamin A and have an important role in the modulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. The utility of retinoids in dermatology can be highlighted by the fact that retinoids are being regularly used in various disorders of keratinization (psoriasis, lichen planus, Darier’s disease, and acne vulgaris), cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas, and chemoprevention. Acitretin and isotretinoin are available in oral forms and are being extensively used by dermatologists across the globe. Mucocutaneous toxicity forms an important group of side effects of oral retinoid therapy and limits the further dose escalation. [1] Cheilitis (lip chapping) is the most common and bothersome mucocutaneous adverse effect of oral retinoid therapy. Effective management of retinoid‐induced cheilitis requires understanding of basic etio‐pathogenic pathway for rational and realistic treatment.
Climacteric Women’s Life Quality with Urinary Incontinence in Aracaju City

Introduction: Climacteric is the biological cycle period in women characterized by loss of ovarian follicular activity, causing innumerous emotional, physical and endocrinal changes. In this period, which starts at the age of 40 and finishes at 60, some women undergo profound existential experience in their interpersonal relations, in their conjugal, professional, spiritual, social and cultural life. Objective: Assess the impact of urinary incontinence in women's quality of life into climacteric period, registered at health units in the city of Aracaju, Sergipe/ Brazil. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on 476 women from 41 health care units in the national family health strategy program. A specific questionnaire, King’s Health Questionnaire (KHQ), validated in Brazil by Tamamani et al. (2006), was used to collect data. The data collected was divided into categories. Frequency distribution and cross tabulation, with determination of confidence intervals for each frequency, were applied. The descriptive analysis was carried out through the measure of dispersion and measures of central tendency by the software Microsoft Excel 2007. Data were described by simple and proportions. Results: 476 climacteric women were interviewed, aged 40 to 59 years old. Among those, 32% reported complaint of urinary incontinence, at least once a week, for at least three months in the last year. The most affected domains of KHQ were: Impact of urinary incontinence, followed by general perception of health and measurements of gravity with average above 50%. The sample was calculated from the formula proposed by Barbeta (2001). Conclusions: Although other domains had average below 50, the influence of urinary incontinence in the life quality of climacteric women in Aracaju/SE was not discarded, as the presented data pointed that most women interviewed showed at least minor discomfort in the everyday activities, physical and social limitations, compromising personal relations like relationship with their partners and sexual life, emotions, sleep, disposition and measurements of gravity.
Choroidal Neovascularization in Pathologic Myopia: Recent Developments in Diagnosis and Treatment

Choroidal neovascularization is a common cause of vision loss in patients with pathologic myopia, often resulting in irreversible central vision loss. This is particularly important because choroidal neovascularization secondary to pathologic myopia affects many people of working age. Patients may be limited in the types of tasks they can perform effectively or may even have to give up work; thus, in addition to the emotional strain, the vision loss caused by choroidal neovascularization can have a severe impact on career expectations and financial status. This is an important issue for younger patients who may be supporting themselves and their families. In this article, the epidemiology and risk factors of pathologic myopia are reviewed, as well as the pathologic mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic tests for choroidal neovascularization secondary to pathologic myopia. The focus of the article is on treatment options, which until recently were limited. The evidence for the beneficial effects of laser photocoagulation, photodynamic therapy with verteporfin, surgery, and other techniques in the treatment of choroidal neovascularization secondary to pathologic myopia will be evaluated. (Surv Ophthalmol 53:121--138, 2008. 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Histologie der Nephroblastome1,2

Nephrectomy specimens from 42 patients with nephroblastoma were investigated. With the exception of one specimen (the patient had been treated preoperatively), all of the tumors were suitable for grading procedures. When the tumors were classified by the grading procedure of Lawler et al. (1975), the moderately tubulus-rich type++ was the most common (22 out of 41 patients). When the classification of Beckwith and Palmer (1978) was applied, the mixed type of nephroblastoma dominated correspondingly (19 out of 41 patients). Patients with an increased risk can be identified particularly well with the classification of Beckwith and Palmer. The following histologic features are indications of an unfavourable prognosis: focal or diffuse "anaplasia" of the tumor tissue, or a sarcomatous component in a stroma-rich nephroblastoma. The children with sarcomatous nephroblastoma (5 patients) were remarkably young (the oldest was 16 months of age), whereas the children with anaplastic nephroblastoma (3 patients) were much older (62, 67, and 72 months). In five children equivalents of the nephroblastomatosis complex (nodular renal blastema in all 5 patients, sclerosing metanephric hamartoma in 2 patients, and Wilms' tumorlet in one patient) were found in the non-infiltrated tissue of the same kidney.
Dexmedetomidina Subcutánea para Disminuir los Requerimientos de Halogenado y Narcótico en Anestesia General Balanceada para Cirugía de Mastectomía

Objective: To determine whether patients undergoing a mastectomy if the administration of subcutaneous dexmedetomidine decreases sevoflurane and fentanyl requirements during transanesthesic compared with placebo. Methods: We conducted a controlled clinical trial with 56 patients between 25 and 70 years old, ASA II, scheduled for mastectomy under general anesthesia from March 2009 to February 2010 in the General Hospital of Culiacán “Dr. Bernardo J. Gastélum”. It records the degree of sedation, I measure the MAC sevoflurane, hemodynamic parameters and consumption of fentanyl. An analysis of variance for repeated measures model with two factors, the factor Group with two levels and the time factor (levels 0, 30.60 and 90 minutes). Results: Mean age was 46.0 ± 10.3 years. The consumption of fentanyl in the dexmedetomidine group was 2.15 ± 0.22 mcg / kg / hr. (P =. 000) less
Studies on some unusual characteristics expressed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa associated with chronic respiratory infections.

Patients with compromised respiratory host defences, particularly associated with cystic fibrosis (CF), are susceptible to respiratory tract colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Isolates of P. aeruginosa from the sputum of patients suffering from chronic, obstructive pulmonary disease express one or more unusual characteristics. These include a mucoid colonial morphology (due to alginate synthesis), antibiotic hypersensitivity, loss of the specific O-antigen, polyagglutinability and serum sensitivity. Problems associated with the epidemiological typing of these atypical strains were overcome by the development of a technically improved spotting method of pyocin typing, based on the method of Gillies & Govan (1966). The spotting method provides greater discrimination through the recognition of S-pyocin production, and confirmed that in most cases, the phenotypic heterogeneity of P. aeruginosa isoiates from CF patients emerged in vivo. The genetic basis of aiginate synthesis and antibiotic hypersensitivity in P. aeruginosa were investigated using two different approaches. In the case of alginate synthesis, mucoid derivatives of P. aeruginosa strain PAO were isolated and at least two loci (muc) associated with the "switching on" of alginate synthesis were mapped on the chromosome by means of FP2-mediated conjugation and F116L-mediated transduction. Evidence for the regulatory nature of one of these muc loci was obtained following the construction of R'muc and R'muc+ plasmids from R68.45. The R'muc+ plasmid, pJF4, "switched off" alginate synthesis in four out
Etude de l'asphéricité cornéenne chez le sujet myope.

PURPOSE: To study the variations of corneal asphericity in a population of myopic patients. METHODS: One hundred consecutive myopic patients were included in this study. The EyeSys videokeratoscope was used to assess the corneal topography of these patients seeking refractive surgery. We compared the results of cycloplegic refractions with the values of the corneal asphericity and mean central keratometry. RESULTS: Mean corneal asphericity was -0.09. Eighty per cent of the myopic patients had a prolate corneal contour, whereas 20% had an oblate corneal contour. No significant relationship was found between the corneal asphericity value and the mean keratometry value or the mean refractive error. CONCLUSION: The mean corneal asphericity in our myopic population was -0.09. This is slightly more than previously reported data in similar studies. No statistically significant relationship was found between corneal asphericity, mean refractive error, and mean keratometry.
Variation in scent amount but not in composition correlates with pollinator visits within populations of deceptive Arum maculatum L. (Araceae)

Floral scent is vital for pollinator attraction and varies among and within plant species. However, little is known about how inter-individual variation in floral scent affects the abundance and composition of floral visitor assemblages within populations. Moreover, for deceptive plants it is predicted that intra-population variation in scent can be maintained by negative frequency-dependent selection, but empirical evidence is still lacking. To investigate the ecological and evolutionary relations between inter-individual scent variation (i.e., total emission and composition) and floral visitors in deceptive plants, we studied floral scent, visitor assemblages, and fruit set in two populations of fly-pollinated (Psychodidae, Sphaeroceridae; Diptera) and deceptive Arum maculatum from Austria (JOS) and northern Italy (DAO). By correlating individual data on floral scent and visitor assemblages, we show that inter-individual variation in floral scent partly explains variation in visitor assemblages. The quantity of floral scent emitted per individual correlated positively with visitor abundance in both populations but explained visitor composition only in DAO, where strongly scented inflorescences attracted more sphaerocerid flies. However, in each population, the composition of floral scent did not correlate with the composition of floral visitors. There was also no evidence of negative frequency-dependent selection on floral scent. Instead, in JOS, more frequent scent phenotypes attracted more pollinators and were more likely to set an infructescence than rarer ones. Our results show that floral scent, despite being key in pollinator attraction in A. maculatum, only partly explains variation in pollinator abundance and composition. Overall, this study is the first to shed light on the importance of inter-individual variation in floral scent in explaining floral visitor assemblages at the population level in a deceptive plant species.
Plant salt response: Perception, signaling, and tolerance

Salt stress is one of the significant environmental stressors that severely affects plant growth and development. Plant responses to salt stress involve a series of biological mechanisms, including osmoregulation, redox and ionic homeostasis regulation, as well as hormone or light signaling-mediated growth adjustment, which are regulated by different functional components. Unraveling these adaptive mechanisms and identifying the critical genes involved in salt response and adaption are crucial for developing salt-tolerant cultivars. This review summarizes the current research progress in the regulatory networks for plant salt tolerance, highlighting the mechanisms of salt stress perception, signaling, and tolerance response. Finally, we also discuss the possible contribution of microbiota and nanobiotechnology to plant salt tolerance.
Novel pH-sensitive catechol dyes synthesised by a three component one-pot reaction

The synthesis and characterisation of new dyes based on indolizines bearing catechol groups in their structure is presented. The preparation was carried out through a simple three component one-pot reaction promoted by CuNPs/C, between pyridine-2-carbaldehyde, an aromatic alkyne and a tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) functionalized with catechol groups. The products were isolated in 30%–34% yield, which was considered more than acceptable considering that the catechol hydroxyl groups were not protected prior to reaction. In view of the colour developed by the products and their response to the acidic and basic conditions of the medium, product 3aa was studied by UV-Vis and NMR spectroscopies at different pH values. We concluded that product 3aa suffered two deprotonations at pKa of 4.4 and 9.5, giving three species in a pH range between 2–12, with colours varying from light red to deep orange. The reversibility of the process observed for 3aa at different pH values, together with its changes in colour, make this new family of products attractive candidates to use them as pH indicators.