Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parkinson’s disease subtypes: literature review

Annotation. Parkinson’s disease, like most neurodegenerative diseases, is clinically heterogeneous with a broad spectrum of motor and non-motor features. A number of studies have proposed and described subtypes of Parkinson’s disease based on the characteristics of symptoms, which can be grouped. Subtyping makes possible optimization of the research of Parkinson’s disease etiology, pathogenesis, prognosis and response to treatment, as subtypes should reflect the main pathomorphological and pathophysiological differences between patients. This review considered subtypes of Parkinson’s disease identified so far, grouped common concepts and understanding of the relationship between subtypes and disease progression. A systematic review of articles in PubMed between 2009 and 2020 was performed using the following search terms: “Parkinson’s disease subtypes”, “Parkinson’s disease phenotypes” for the time period of last 10 years (2009–2020). In this review article the most commonly identified subtypes of Parkinson’s disease and their distinguishing features were discussed. As a result, 12 articles were identified, among them, 3 were data driven (cluster analysis). The classification based on the motor features of the disease, suggested by Jankovic et al. in 1990, remains the most popular to this day (tremor-dominant, akinetic-rigid or so called postural instability with gait impairment and mixed), but it is not very reliable, because patients tend to switch subtypes as the disease progresses. Cluster data analysis studies lack reproducibility and the method itself is too complex to be routinely used in clinical practice. In addition, it is yet not clear, if we are dealing with subtypes or just different stages of the disease. Thus, it was detected that the existing methods of Parkinson’s disease subtyping by cluster data analysis and classification into motor subtypes cannot be considered fully correct and generally accepted, because the disease is not static and patients can change the subtype (especially in the early stages of the disease), although motor phenotypes utilization remains the most prevalent today. It is obvious, that subtyping requires inclusion of other features (genetic, molecular, neuroimaging) into analysis of the disease, in addition to clinical manifestations.
Soluble advanced glycosylation receptor is a potential target for the treatment of neutrophilic asthma

Background Neutrophilic asthma (NA) was a subtype of asthma. Soluble advanced glycosylation receptor (sRAGE) was considered to be associated with the neutrophilic airway. However, the role of sRAGE in NA still limited. Methods A NA mouse model was established and the levels of sRAGE in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured by ELISA. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson trichrome staining were used to identifying airway remodeling. Adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) overexpressed sRAGE and inhibitors for HMGB1, RAGE, and PI3K were used to intervene NA mouse model via tail-vein injection and intraperitoneally injection. Expressions of airway remodeling, EMT, and signaling markers were detected using qRT-PCR or western blotting. The levels of IL-17 and IL-6 in BALF were measured by ELISA. HMGB1 was applied to induce EMT of human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE), then E-cadherin and vimentin expressions were examined after sRAGE, RAGE inhibitor, and PI3K inhibitor administration. Results sRAGE levels were significantly reduced in BALF and the airway remodeling was observed in the NA mouse model. AAV9-sRAGE significantly inhibited the neutrophilic airway inflammation, airway remodeling, and the expression of IL-17, IL-6, TGF-β1, RAGE, PI3K, and EMT markers -E-cadherin and vimentin in vivo. HMGB1 inhibitor, RAGE inhibitor, and PI3K inhibitor upregulated E-cadherin level. Moreover, HMGB1 promoted the EMT process via RAGE/PI3K in 16HBE cells and sRAGE reversed HMGB1- induced EMT in vitro. Conclusion sRAGE levels decrease in the mouse model with NA. sRAGE treatment attenuates neutrophilic airway inflammation, airway remodeling, and EMT. This suggests sRAGE may yield benefits in the treatment of NA.
Hydrothermally grown nano-WO3 electrochromic film: structural and Raman spectroscopic study

ABSTRACT Tungsten oxide (WO3) thin films have practical implications in a variety of technological fields including electrochromic devices thus a good quality film must be deposited using an appropriate method. This drives the research on fabricating uniform, nano-particle sized WO3 film for application-oriented work. Synthesis of well distributed, porous and uniform nano- WO3 film using single-step hydrothermal synthesis method has been reported here followed by investigation of its electrochromic properties. Structural and spectroscopic studies have been carried out using SEM, XRD and Raman spectroscopy. The SEM results reveal uniform deposition of WO3 nanoparticles all over the substrate. Raman and XRD spectroscopy have been further used to investigate its structural composition. Excellent properties possessed by WO3 film make it standing apart in inorganic materials’ realm and open the door for its varied device-oriented applications especially in the field of electrochromism.
Characteristic Latent Features for Analyzing Digital Mental Health Interaction and Improved Explainability (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Using mobile health technology has sparked a broad engagement of data science and machine learning methods to leverage the complex, assorted amount of data for mental health purposes. Despite many studies, there is a reported underdevelopment of user engagement concepts, and the desire for high accuracy or significance has shown to lead to low explicability and irreproducibility. OBJECTIVE To overcome such reasons of poor analysis input and facilitate the reproducibility and credibility of artificial intelligence applications, we aim to explore principal characteristics of user interaction with digital mental health. METHODS We generated five latent features based on previous research, expert opinions from digital mental health, and informed by data. The features were analyzed with descriptive statistics and data visualization. We carried out two rounds of evaluations with data from 12,400 users of IntelliCare, a mental health platform with 12 apps. First, we focused to proof concept and second, we assessed reproducibility by drawing conclusion from distribution differences. User data was drawn from both research trials and public deployment on Google Play. RESULTS Our algorithms showed advantages over commonly used concepts and reproduce in our public data set with different underlying behavioral strategies. These measures relate to the distribution of a user’s allocated attention, users’ circadian behavior, their consecutive commitment to a specific strategy, and users’ interaction trajectory. Because distributions between research trial and public deployment were similar, consistency was implied regarding the underlying behavioral strategies: psychoeducation and goal setting are used as a catalyst to overcome the users’ primary obstacles, sleep hygiene is addressed most regularly, while regular self-reflective thinking is avoided. Relaxation as well as cognitive reframing have increased variance in commitment among public users, indicating the challenging nature of these apps. The relative course of users’ engagement is similar in research and public data. CONCLUSIONS We argue that deliberate, a-priori feature engineering is essential for reproducible, tangible, and explainable study analyses. Our features enable improved results as well as interpretability, providing an increased understanding of how people engage with multiple mental health apps over time. Since we based the generation of features on generic interaction, these methods are applicable to further methods of study analysis and digital health.
Overexpression of FAM83A Promotes Proliferation and Metastasis Via Activating Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway in Head Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Purpose:This research aimed to investigate FAM83A expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and its function in the proliferation and metastasis.Materials and Methods:FAM83A mRNA and protein expression in HNSCC was detected via TCGA database, primary HNSCC samples, and cell lines. The associations between FAM83A expression and clinicopathologic variables were evaluated through tissue microarrays. Besides, FAM83A knockdown and overexpression cell lines were constructed to assess its biological function including cell growth and metastasis in vitro and the relationship between FAM83A and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was explored. Furthermore, two models of xenograft tumors in nude mice were used to assess the tumorigenicity and metastasis ability of FAM83A in vivo.Results:In the present study, we discovered the FAM83A expression was overexpressed in the HNSCC samples and was significantly associated with tumor size, lymph node status, and pathological grades. Mechanically, FAM83A could promote HNSCC cell growth and metastasis by inducing EMT via activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Rescue experiment demonstrated the inhibition of β-catenin could counteract FAM83A function and there is a bi-directional signaling loop between FAM83A and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Also, the FAM83A knockdown could suppress tumor growth and distant metastasis in HNSCC xenograft animal models.Conclusions:Taken together, we demonstrated that FAM83A is upregulated in HNSCC and it could promote cell growth and metastasis via activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway in HNSCC, which may provide a novel therapeutic target in HNSCC treatment.
Whale Shark Conservation Hindered by Lack of Habitat Protection

Within the Gulf of Aden, Djibouti has long been known as a place frequented by whale sharks. Sharks gathering off the Djiboutian coasts are mostly juvenile males and form seasonal aggregations [1]. Considering the general lack of knowledge on this species, and that is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List, with a decreasing population [2,3], a comprehensive research study on the whale shark population has been carried out in the Gulf of Tadjoura (Djibouti) since 2016.
Biocontrôle de l’infection à Pseudomonas aeruginosa multi-résistant par les bactériophages en aquaculture en Côte d’Ivoire

Objective: To evaluate the reduction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa multi-resistant infection in aquaculture tests by phage activity. Methodology and Results: The phage (PaBor1a) from the phage bio-collection of the Pasteur Institute of Côte d'Ivoire was used against multi-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA001-2018) isolated from aquaculture fish in this study. The test in vitro was conducted by culture of , the phage (108 PFU) and 100 μl of PA0012018 in 3 ml of Luria Bethani broth for 24 h. And the test in vivo occurs in aquarium tank of 5 L containing 6 fishes (Oreochromis niloticus), and inoculated with 100 μl of PA001-2018 and phage PaBor1a (108 PFU) for 24 h. The negative tests were conducted without phage PaBor1a under the same conditions. The results shows that the presence of the phage, the bacterial load was reduced after 24 h in both tests. Bacterial decay and phage growth were observed in parallel. This result demonstrates the efficacy of phage PaBor1a against the multidrug resistant PA0012018 bacteria in aquarium tank. Conclusion and applications of results: reduction of bacterial load show the bio control of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection by phage PaBor1a. This result is proposed as a therapeutic alternative in aquaculture against bacterial infection in aquaculture by washing method
A Survey : Application of Big Data in the Travel and Tourism Industry

The development of information technology has increased the travel and tourism industry. The travel and tourism data available in many sources such as telephone, social media, sensor system on internet of things, and others. The application of big data has great potential in the development of the travel and tourism industry. Big data can take advantage of new things in making the right decisions and seeing opportunities in doing better business. This paper provides a survey that discusses about big data in travel and tourism industry. Big data is used to ticket price and demand prediction. In addition, big data is also used to build a tourism plans and recommender system with personalized and adaptive method. Combination of using internet of things and big data can help industry to pricing their product. The result of this study is some of implementation of big data in travel and tourism industry. We conclude that big data can be used to explore new things in making the right decisions, seeing opportunities more observant, and doing business more efficiently. Keywords—big data, travel industry, tourism, survey
Changes in the asymmetric dimethylarginine and endothelial nitric oxide synthase levels in pathogenesis of experimental diabetic retinopathy

Endothelial dysfunction associated with impaired nitric oxide excretion plays an important role in the onset and progression of diabetic retinopathy. It has been proven that a decrease in the activity of endothelial NO-synthase (еNО-S), the inhibitor of which is asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), plays an important role in this. Objective: to study the level of asymmetric dimethylarginine and endothelial nitric oxide synthase at different stages of development of diabetic retinopathy in the experiment. The study was conducted in Wistar white rats of 180-200 g weight. According to the tasks, the animals were separated into 2 groups as follows: group 1 – 60 intact animals, group 2 – 60 animals with simulated diabetic retinopathy without further correction. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy were simulated through intraperitoneal administration of Streptozotocin (Sigma, USA) diluted in 0.1M citrate buffer with pH=4.5. Streptozotocin dose of 55 mg per kg of animal weight was divided into two administrations. The streptozotocin intake was preceded by a 28-day high-fat diet. Our study showed impaired endothelial function in diabetic retinopathy, as evidenced by an increased ADMA level (p<0.001). We have determined a stepwise increase of asymmetric dimethylarginine level in blood of rats with simulated pathology which is apparent in its highest at phase 3. Pathogenetic effect of increased ADMA on еNО-S activity was verified at all experimental stages, Impairment of physiological nitric oxide synthesis in simulated pathology has been proved as evidenced by reduced activity of endothelial NO-synthase yet on the 30th day with further negative dynamics up to the 180th day (p<0.001 compared with the intact group findings).
Overweight and obesity among preschool children attending a rural family health unit in Menoufia governorate

Abstract Background: Obesity in preschool children is a growing problem as it is a predictor of adulthood obesity, morbidity and mortality. Objectives: assess prevalence of overweight and obesity and identify risk factors associated with them among preschool children. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 248 preschool children of both sexes, aged between 2-5 years in rural area in Menoufia Governorate. Sociodemographic data of the studied children and their eating practices were collected. Weight and height were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Egyptian practice guidelines were used for cut-off values of BMI-for-age, and percentiles were used to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Results: The overall prevalence of combined overweight and obesity was 21% )15% for overweight and 6% for obesity). Higher prevalence was found among those aged from 3-4 years old (46.7%) and among males (80%). Mothers’ education, frequency of junk food and fried food were significantly associated with overweight and obesity (p < 0.05). Also, BMI was significantly affected by mothers’ feeding behavior such as allowing the child to eat alone, offering him sweets regularly, using sweets as a reward, mothers’ concern about overweight and keeping food out of reach. Conclusion: Prevalence of preschool obesity increases with multiple risk factors, such as mother’s education, frequency of eating junk food and fried food. BMI was affected by mothers’ feeding behavior. So, the first five years of life are the best period for primary prevention of obesity.
Non-destructive discrimination of artists' white materials using bidirectional reflectance spectroscopy (0.3-4.3 μm)

Les spectres de reflectance bidirectionnels de la gamme 0.3-4.3 μm d'un certain nombre de materiaux blancs d'artiste (utilises comme pigments, remplisseurs, allongeurs ou fonds) qu'ils soient historiques ou recents et qui comprennent l'hydroxyde d'aluminium, le carbonate de calcium, des mineraux argileux, le sulfate de calcium hydrate, le sulfate de calcium, le sulfate de barium, le dioxyde de titane, le flocon blanc et le zinc blanc, montrent dans cette gamme de longueur d'onde, un nombre de caracteristiques spectrales qui peuvent servir a distinguer presque tous ces materiaux les uns des autres. Une telle distinction est rendue possible grâce a des bandes d'absorption diagnostiques ("empreintes" spectrales), plus particulierement dans la region des longueurs d'ondes 1 - 2.5 μm, une region qui a ete largement negligee jusqu'a maintenant. La spectroscopie de reflectance peut aussi servir a distinguer des materiaux de composition identique (comme la calcite et l'aragonite) mais qui different par leur structure. Preque toutes ces particularites uniques d'absorption devraient etre detectables meme en presence de differents agents liants qui eux, vont generalement montrer des bandes d'absorption a des longueurs d'onde situees en dehors des regions ou se situent les "empreintes" identifiees.
Analisis Klasifikasi Sentimen Mahasiswa Terhadap Strategi Pembelajaran Online Pada Media Sosial Twitter Menerapkan Metode Naïve Bayes

Selama masa pandemi proses pembelajaran ditetapkan oleh pemerintah agar dilaksanakan dengan model daring atau pembelajaran online, hal tersebut membuat seluruh mahasiswa harus menjalani proses yang berbeda dengan pembelajaran sebelumnya ketika bertatap muka langsung di ruang kelas. Mahasiswa memiliki pandangan yang berbeda terhadap strategi pembelajaran online yang sudah dijalani dan membuat sentimen pribadi di media sosial twitter dengan memberikan penilaian yang menurut pengalaman pribadi selama mengikuti proses pembelajaran online sudah berlangsung di kampus tempat mereka menuntut ilmu. Berdasarkan sentimen mahasiswa terhadap strategi pembelajaran online yang disampaikan melalui media sosial twitter pada penelitian ini dilakukan analisis klasifikasi sentimen menggunakan metode naive bayes. Hasil analisis klasifikasi sentimen mahasiswa yang dilakukan menggunakan metode naive bayes memperoleh hasil pengkategorian negatif atau positifnya strategi pembelajaran online yang telah diterapkan pada mahasiswa yang menjalani proses pendidikan di perguruan tinggi yang dimana nilai klasifikasi yaitu precision=80%, recall = 80% dan accuracy = 80%.
Identification and determination of isoflavones in germinated black soybean sprouts by UHPLC−Q-TOF-MS mass spectrometry and HPLC-DAD

ABSTRACT Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC−Q-TOF-MS) and HPLC-DAD with an ultrasonic extraction method was developed for qualitative and quantitative compositions and contents in black soybean sprouts. Operational conditions of ultrasonic extraction were optimized by single-factor experiment. Phytochemical compositions of black soybean sprouts were identified by UHPLC−Q-TOF-MS in positive ion mode. A total of 23 compounds were tentatively characterized and identified by means of accurate mass and characteristic fragment ions. Among of them, the six isoflavones in different germinated black soybean sprouts were further quantified by HPLC-DAD. The results indicated that the calibration curves showed good linearity (r2 > 0.9994). The intra-day and inter-day precision variations were less than 1.65% and 1.73%, respectively. The recoveries were in the range of 94.95–106.45%. The results indicated that the maximum amounts of isoflavones were produced on the fourth to fifth day germinated black soybean sprouts.
MEME É GÊNERO? QUESTIONAMENTOS SOBRE O ESTATUTO GENÉRICO DO MEME

RESUMO Nos últimos anos, tem-se assumido academicamente o pressuposto de que os memes publicizados no Facebook e em outros sites de redes sociais (SRS) são gêneros textuais/ discursivos (cf. PASSOS, 2012; WIGGINS; BOWERS, 2014; SILVA, 2016; GUERRA, BOTTA, 2018), tese defendida à luz de diferentes critérios e de distintas teorias de gêneros. O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir o estatuto genérico dos memes em sites de redes sociais. Para atender ao objetivo, baseio-me em Bakhtin (2009; 2011) e em Miller (1984 [2009]) para a discussão do conceito de gênero; e em Dawkins (2010), Blackmore (2000), Knobel e Lankshear (2005; 2007) e Cavalcante e Oliveira (2019), que discutem sobre a natureza do meme. Metodologicamente, analiso sete enunciados reconhecidos socialmente como memes, que foram publicados no Facebook nos últimos cinco anos. Os critérios para tal foram a viralização e os traços de remixabilidade em sua constituição. Os resultados sugerem que, sob o rótulo de meme, na verdade, estão gêneros diversos, como anúncios publicitários e institucionais, tiras cômicas e tiras cômicas seriadas, críticas, lembretes e mensagens motivacionais, o que leva a questionar o estatuto genérico do que se reconhece sociocognitivamente como meme.
AI and the Future of Learning: Expert Panel Report

This report is based on the discussion that emerged from a convening of a panel of 22 experts in artificial intelligence (AI) and in learning. It introduces three layers that can frame the meaning of AI for educators. First, AI can be seen as “computational intelligence” and capability can be brought to bear on educational challenges as an additional resource to an educator’s abilities and strengths. Second, AI brings specific, exciting new capabilities to computing, including sensing, recognizing patterns, representing knowledge, making and acting on plans, and supporting naturalistic interactions with people. Third, AI can be used as a toolkit to enable us to imagine, study, and discuss futures for learning that don’t exist today. Experts voiced the opinion that the most impactful uses of AI in education have not yet been invented. The report enumerates important strengths and weaknesses of AI, as well as the respective opportunities and barriers to applying AI to learning. Through discussions among experts about these layers, we observed new design concepts for using AI in learning. The panel also made seven recommendations for future research priorities.