Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oral Antibiotics Versus Topical Decolonization to Prevent Surgical Site Infection After Mohs Micrographic Surgery—a Randomized, Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND The optimal method of reducing the risk of surgical site infection (SSI) after dermatologic surgery is unclear. Empiric, preoperative antibiotic use is common practice but lacks supporting evidence for its efficacy in preventing SSI. Risk stratification for patients at high risk of postoperative SSI based on a nasal swab is a viable strategy when coupled with topical decolonization for positive carriers. We compared the rates of infection in patients undergoing Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) with nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus who received oral antibiotics or topical decolonization. METHODS A randomized, controlled trial with 693 patients was conducted over a 30‐week period at a single surgical practice. Patients were stratified into nasal carriers or noncarriers of S. aureus based on a preoperative nasal swab. Nasal carriers of S. aureus were randomized to receive topical decolonization with intranasal mupirocin twice daily plus 4% chlorhexidine gluconate body wash daily for 5 consecutive days before surgery or statim pre‐ and postoperative doses of oral cephalexin. RESULTS One hundred seventy‐nine patients (25.8%) were identified as carriers of S. aureus. Ninety received topical decolonization, and 89 received oral antibiotics. These groups were compared with a swab‐negative Mohs surgical cohort over the same time period. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of demographic characteristics or comorbidities. Nine percent of patients receiving oral antibiotic prophylaxis and 0% receiving topical decolonization developed early SSI (p = .003). CONCLUSION In patients with demonstrable carriage of S. aureus, topical decolonization resulted in fewer SSI than in patients receiving perioperative oral antibiotics. Antibiotics should be reserved for clinically suspected and swab‐proven infections rather than being prescribed empirically. Further efforts should be directed toward optimizing endogenous risk factor control for all patients presenting for MMS.
Reversal of morphine-induced cell-type–specific synaptic plasticity in the nucleus accumbens shell blocks reinstatement

Significance The recent rise in opioid addiction has made development of new treatments a public health priority. The effort has been impeded by a distinct lack of understanding how opioid-induced alterations in synaptic transmission and cellular plasticity within reward brain regions, such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc), drive addiction behavior. We examined whether repeated morphine induces differential alterations in synaptic strength and transmission in subpopulations of NAc neurons, those expressing dopamine D1 or D2 receptors, that play opposing roles in addiction behavior. Morphine enhanced synaptic strength and transmission at D1 medium spiny neuron (MSN) synapses and reduced signaling in D2-MSN. Reversal of this plasticity with in vivo optogenetics or the antibiotic ceftriaxone disrupted the rewarding properties of morphine, providing a targetable molecular mechanism for future pharmacotherapies. Drug-evoked plasticity at excitatory synapses on medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) drives behavioral adaptations in addiction. MSNs expressing dopamine D1 (D1R-MSN) vs. D2 receptors (D2R-MSN) can exert antagonistic effects in drug-related behaviors, and display distinct alterations in glutamate signaling following repeated exposure to psychostimulants; however, little is known of cell-type–specific plasticity induced by opiates. Here, we find that repeated morphine potentiates excitatory transmission and increases GluA2-lacking AMPA receptor expression in D1R-MSNs, while reducing signaling in D2-MSNs following 10–14 d of forced abstinence. In vivo reversal of this pathophysiology with optogenetic stimulation of infralimbic cortex-accumbens shell (ILC-NAc shell) inputs or treatment with the antibiotic, ceftriaxone, blocked reinstatement of morphine-evoked conditioned place preference. These findings confirm the presence of overlapping and distinct plasticity produced by classes of abused drugs within subpopulations of MSNs that may provide targetable molecular mechanisms for future pharmacotherapies.
Characterization of the substance P receptor in guinea pig lung tissues.

The biologic activity of substance P has been demonstrated to be limited both in in vivo and in vitro by a membrane-bound protease, neutral endopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.11). The interaction of substance P with its receptor on guinea pig lung tissues was studied in the presence of an inhibitor of neutral endopeptidase under conditions that protect the peptide from degradation. Uptake of 0.1 nM [125I]-BH-substance P in lung membrane preparations was rapid at 4 degrees C, reaching equilibrium in 30 to 40 min, and binding was stable for at least 30 min thereafter. Binding was reversible and saturable. Scatchard analyses of saturation binding data are consistent with a single class of receptor molecules in both lung parenchymal and airway membranes, with a Kd of 2 to 3 nM and a receptor density of 4,000 to 5,000 fmol/g wet wt of tissue. In competitive binding experiments, neurokinin A and substance P methyl ester were equipotent and required approximately 100-fold higher concentrations to effect equivalent displacement than unlabeled substance P. Eledoisin also competed for [125I]-BH-substance P binding, but was less effective than the other analogs. The spasmogenically inactive derivative, substance P 1-9, did not compete for substance P binding at concentrations as high as 1 microM. Binding of [125I]-BH-substance P was rapidly and completely reversed by addition of 0.1 mM GTP, suggesting that association with a GTP binding protein is required for high affinity binding of substance P to its receptor in lung. The substance P receptor molecule was further characterized by covalently crosslinking [125I]-BH-substance P to membrane preparations followed by SDS-PAGE of the solubilized material. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Throughput improvement by precoding-based vertical plane beam control and cooperative MIMO transmission

Cellular mobile communication systems reuse the same frequency channel in geographically distant areas to improve the spectrum efficiency. However, co-channel interference among cells remains a critical issue. Mitigating co-channel interference leads to a further improvement in spectrum efficiency. To reduce the co-channel interference we proposed vertical plane beam control using precoding and cooperative MIMO transmission. Vertical plane beam control, which controls the vertical plane beam of base station antennas with the use of precoding, can improve overall cell capacity since SINR (Signal-to-Interference plus Noise Ratio) at each mobile station in the coverage area can be significantly improved. In cooperative MIMO transmission, adjacent base stations coordinate to transmit signals to cell-edge mobile stations. This technique can improve cell edge capacity, especially in low SINR areas. If the two techniques are used simultaneously, a synergetic effect can be expected; improved capacity in both the whole cell and cell edge. We propose here a method that combines vertical plane beam control with cooperative MIMO transmission. A computer simulation shows that the spectrum efficiency of the proposed system is approximately 2 times higher for the whole cell and 3 times higher for cell edge users than the conventional system.
Electrochemical Capacitance DNA Sensing at Hairpin-Modified Au Electrodes

An interfacial capacitance measurement electrochemical technique has been used for the sensing of self-assembled DNA hairpin probes (M. tuberculosis and B. anthracis) attached to Au electrodes. The double-layer capacitance () was determined with electrochemical perturbations from 0.2 V to 0.5 V versus Ag/AgCl at a Au/M. tuberculosis DNA hairpin probe at surface coverage Au electrodes. The capacitance study was done at pH 7, which was necessary to maintain the M. tuberculosis and B. anthracis DNA probes closed during the electrochemical perturbation. Detailed experimental analysis carried out by repetitively switching the electrochemical potential between 0.2 and 0.5 V (versus Ag/AgCl) strongly supports the use of capacitance measurements as a tool to detect the hybridization of DNA targets. A large change in the capacitance deference between 0.2 and 0.5 V was observed in the DNA hybridization process. Therefore, no fluorophores or secondary transducers were necessary to sense a DNA target for both DNA hairpins.
Effect of Bilingualism on Speech in Noise Perception in Young Adults

These factors are present to some degree in the listening environments encountered in everyday life and it masks the speech signal by obscuring the less intense portions of the signal, resulting in a reduction in the redundancy of acoustic and linguistic cues in speech (Helfer & Wilbur, 1990). This effect increases as the signal to noise ratio (SNR) decreases (Miller, Heise, & Lichten, 1951). In addition, other factors, including cognitive demand (Luce, Feustel, & Pisoni, 1983), and listeneror speaker-related variables such as language background may also affect speech understanding even in quiet, and can combine with environmental factors to further degrade the speech understanding (Helfer & Huntley, 1991; Nabelek, 1988; Newman & Hochberg, 1983; Takata & Nabelek, 1990).
Competitive Advantages of a Firm without Fundamental Technology : A Case Study of Sony , Casio and Nintendo

A purpose of this study is to examine how a firm without fundamental technology is able to gain the competitive advantage. This paper examines three case studies, Sony in the flat display TV industry, Casio in the digital camera industry and Nintendo in the home game machine industry. This paper maintain the firms without fundamental technology construct two advantages, economic advantage and organizational advantage. An economic advantage involves the firm can select either high-tech or cheap devices out of several device makers, and change the alternatives cheaply and quickly. In addition, organizational advantage means that a firm without fundamental technology is not restricted by organizational inertia and cognitive restraints, and exercises the characteristic of strength. Keywords—Firm without fundamental technology, economic advantage, organizational advantage, Sony, Casio, Nintendo.
Developmental changes in localization of NMDA receptor subunits in primary cultures of cortical neurons

Immunoblot analysis, using antibodies against distinct N‐methyl‐d‐aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor subunits, illustrated that the NR2A and NR2B subunit proteins have developmental profiles in cultured cortical neurons similar to those seen in vivo. NR1 and NR2B subunits display high levels of expression within the first week. In contrast, the NR2A subunit is barely detectable at 7 days in vitro (DIV) and then gradually increased to mature levels at DIV21. Immunocytochemical analysis indicated that NMDA receptor subunits cluster in the dendrites and soma of cortical neurons. Clusters of NR1 and NR2B subunits were observed as early as DIV3, while NR2A clusters were rarely observed before DIV10. At DIV18, NR2B clusters partially co‐localize with those of NR2A subunits, but NR2B clusters always co‐localize with those of NR1 subunits. Synapse formation, as indicated by the presence of presynaptic synaptophysin staining, was observed as early as 48–72 h after plating. However, in several neurons at ages less than DIV5 where synapses were scarce, NR2B and NR1 clusters were abundant. Furthermore, while NR2B subunit clusters were seen both at synaptic and extrasynaptic sites, NR2A clusters occurred almost exclusively in front of synaptophysin‐labelled boutons. This result was supported by electrophysiological recording of NMDA‐mediated synaptic activity [NMDA‐excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs)] in developing neurons. At DIV6, but not at DIV12, CP101, 606, a NR1/NR2B receptor antagonist, antagonized spontaneously occurring NMDA‐EPSCs. Our data indicate that excitatory synapse formation occurs when NMDA receptors comprise NR1 and NR2B subunits, and that NR2A subunits cluster preferentially at synaptic sites.
Title H ∞ fuzzy filtering of nonlinear systems with intermittentmeasurements

This paper is concerned with the problem of H∞ fuzzy filtering of nonlinear systems with intermittent measurements. The nonlinear plant is represented by a Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy model. The measurements transmission from the plant to the filter is assumed to be imperfect, and a stochastic variable satisfying the Bernoulli random binary distribution is utilized to model the phenomenon of the missing measurements. Attention is focused on the design of an H∞ filter such that the filter error system is stochastically stable and preserves a guaranteed H∞ performance. A basis-dependent Lyapunov function approach is developed to design the H∞ filter. By introducing some slack matrix variables, the coupling between the Lyapunov matrix and the system matrices is eliminated, which greatly facilitates the filterdesign procedure. The developed theoretical results are in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, an illustrative example is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Ecological environment effect analysis of Wetland change in Beijing region using GIS and RS

By utilizing TM/ETM+ remote sensing images from 1984 to 2004 as the major data sources, combining with the field survey to get the rule of dynamic process of Beijing wetland ecosystem, this paper systematic analyzed the hydrology, soil, plant condition of the typical wetland area- Widgeon Lake Wetland Natural Reserve in Beijing. And the results are as follows: In recent years, wetland areas were sharply reduced by half. The negative ecological effects around wetland areas have a close relationship with the deterioration of wetland resources. Salinized area had increased every year and reached to a head in 2004, which accounted for about 21.79 square kilometers. The serious and medium level salinity areas were in the majority in region. Due to the soil salinization, the marsh vegetation species changed to the mesophytic, xeromorphic and salt tolerable ones. Along with the continuously shrinking of water area, wetland dominated the low coverage. The area of medium to high and high coverage in 2004 reduced 71.09 percent and 99.26 percent respectively compared with those in 1998. The regional vegetation cover had shown the degradation trend. Accordingly the soil conservation function of vegetation weakened and soil fertility declined. The cold-humid effect of wetland had been impaired for the breakage of wetland environment in recent years, which led to the drying and warming tendency of regional microclimate. The phenomenon of the decrease amount of regional daily evapotranspiration proved that the climate was drying and warming. The serious disequilibrium between source and sink landscape in every sub-watershed of wetland was an important factor to cause non-point source pollution. The nonpoint source pollution in upper reaches of wetland had caused the high eutrophic water in recent years. From the field water quality monitor we could find the main contaminations were total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and fluorid (F). Water quality has reduced up to IV or V grade. The wetland landscape shape fragmentation indexes were all over 0.99 from 1998 to 2002, which showed the impacts of human disturbance on landscape was intensive, the wetland landscape had suffered a serious destruction and the ecology was instability. Based on the above analysis, the regional ecological negative effects were closely connected with the decrease of wetland resources. We should bring forward corresponding effective protection and utilization measures and give the scientific basis for the restoration of wetland resources.
Does he take sugar?: moving beyond the rhetoric of compassion

Our approach is to rethink HCI research in the wild-not in terms of framing or determining how to design and evaluate new technological interventions in situ, but rather in terms of the lives of people in the wild. This entails rethinking how to teach interaction design, how we frame problems, what our expectations are, the way HCI knowledge is used, the way theory is applied, the way studios/classes are run, and what interdisciplinarity means in this context. It also implies the need to shift from being bogged down as a prescriptive discipline, telling others what to do and not to do (the dos and don'ts and "we are the experts" mentality) to a more empathetic, encouraging, and excited community. We see this shift toward different forms of engagement as part of a broader shift in HCI toward moving its research agenda into the wild [24,25]. As we moved from design to co-design, we can shift from creation to co-creation. In addition to changing our methods to adapt to in the wild, we need to rethink our motivations for how and why we are creating technologies in new locations and with new users. In sum, we argue for the following: • Stop thinking with a thirdperson, "Does he take technology? " mentality when it comes to the creation of technology. • As a discipline, add to our repertoire of roles; encourage researchers to think about how to facilitate co-creation sessions. • Continue to create new forms of toolkits that promote creativity and can be adapted by a wide range of users, from care homes in Europe to rural villages in India. © 2013 ACM.
Neuroanatomical changes in the rat bladder after bladder outlet obstruction.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the histological changes in bladder innervation in response to partial bladder outlet obstruction in a rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight adult female rats had their bladder outlet partially obstructed by ligating the proximal urethra over a 20 G angiocatheter; 18 shamoperated rats served as controls. Animals were killed after 1, 2 and 4 weeks, and their bladders evaluated using computerized morphometry. Immunohistochemical staining for neuronal protein gene-product 9.5 (PGP, a general neuronal marker) and enzyme histochemical staining of acetylcholinesterase, adrenergic fibres and nitric oxide synthase were performed. RESULTS Bladder wall changes after obstruction consisted of a six- to sevenfold increase in bladder volume and weight. Smooth muscle hypertrophy was evident equally at all sample times. Cystometry showed functional alterations in bladder capacity and voided pressures; obstructed animals had markedly increased bladder capacities and higher voiding pressures (obstructed, 80-100 cmH2O; normal, 30-40 cmH2O). Neuronal changes in the obstructed bladder were most dramatic within the cholinergic and adrenergic neurotransmitter systems within and surrounding the smooth muscle bundles, where there was less staining than in control animals. PGP immunoreactivity increased slightly. The L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway appeared unperturbed after obstruction. CONCLUSIONS These histological findings suggest that neuropathic changes in the bladder after outlet obstruction, including detrusor instability, are mainly the result of anatomical perturbations in the cholinergic and adrenergic pathways.
Retrieval variability: sources and consequences.

A memory model that differentiates between active traces (ongoing electrochemical neural transmission) and passive traces (chemical/structural modification of neurons) is briefly outlined. Evidence suggests that new information is initially encoded as a passive representation within a fraction of a second, leaving little opportunity for retroactive interference with storage processes. Instead, it appears that retroactive interference results from disruption of post-acquisition processing which is necessary for subsequent retrieval. Using this hybrid cognitive-physiological framework, we examine possible sources of associative performance deficits. A distinction is made between similarity interference (arising from the content similarity of the target and interfering traces) and processing interference (arising from the competition between the two traces for use of a limited capacity processor). Both types of interference can act proactively or retroactively, and the similarity-processing and proactive-retroactive dimensions are viewed as orthogonal to the question of whether information is permanently lost or merely subject to a reversible retrieval failure. When reminder techniques (pretest cuing) are used, numerous instances of memory failure commonly identified as "acquisition failures" are found to be reversible without the occurrence of relevant new learning. This literature review constitutes the greater part of the paper. It is concluded that many memory failures are due at least in part to retrieval failure. Consideration of potential retrieval processes in light of the studies that are reviewed argues for the expansion of the initial active-passive trace distinction to three types of traces. In addition to active traces, these include two distinct types of passive traces, i.e., a small content-addressable reference catalog with innately defined dimensions that is used to locate more detailed passive traces, and a large capacity store of detailed passive traces that is location-addressable. The latter type of passive trace presumably is laid down almost instantaneously as events occur, i.e., in real time, whereas the reference catalog type of passive trace, which is used to address the detailed traces, is established somewhat after the sequence of events is complete. Hence, the reference catalog trace is more vulnerable and results in retrieval failure when it is disrupted. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
High-Detectivity Nitride-Based MSM Photodetectors on InGaN–GaN Multiquantum Well With the Unactivated Mg-Doped GaN Layer

InGaN-GaN multiquantum-well (MQW) metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors (PDs) with the unactivated Mg-doped GaN cap layer were successfully fabricated. It was found that we could achieve a dark current by as much as six orders of magnitude smaller by inserting the unactivated Mg-doped GaN cap layer. For MSM photodetectors with the unactivated Mg-doped GaN cap layer, the responsivity at 380 nm was found to be 0.372 A/W when the device was biased at 5 V. The UV-to-visible rejection ratio was also estimated to be around 1.96 times 103 for the photodetectors with the unactivated Mg-doped GaN cap layer. With a 5-V applied bias, we found that minimum noise equivalent power and normalized detectivity of our PDs were 4.09 times 10-14 W and 1.18 times 1013 cmmiddotHz0.5W-1, respectively. Briefly, incorporating the unactivated Mg-doped GaN layer into the PDs beneficially brings about the suppression of dark current and a corresponding improvement in the device characteristics.
Effect of 72 h of Sleep Deprivation on the Iowa Gambling Task.

INTRODUCTION Sleep deprivation has detrimental effects on cognitive processes, including decision making. The present study investigated how 72 h of sleep deprivation influenced individual neural performance in the Iowa gambling task using event-related potential technology. METHODS Eleven healthy male adults who participated in our study were randomized to be either in group with 72 h of social isolation condition or 72 h of sleep deprivation condition. RESULTS Results showed that, in the feedback stage, the N250-400 amplitude was smaller in post-test than in pre-test for the sleep deprivation condition, especially in the frontal cortex. No significant difference between the pre-test and post-test condition was found in the social isolation condition. CONCLUSION These results suggested that 72 h of sleep deprivation affected an individual's response to feedback stimuli, causing the individual to evaluate the stimuli slowly.