Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developmental Hemostasis: Relevance to Hemostatic Problems During Childhood

Congenital and acquired hemostatic disorders present during childhood. An accurate diagnosis is critically important in order to implement optimal therapy. Over the last century, several investigators have measured plasma concentrations of hemostatic components in newborns and compared the results to adult values. Clinically significant differences exist for many hemostatic components. Recently, three large studies in more than 400 healthy children have provided reference ranges for hemostatic components throughout childhood. Together, these studies provide insight into the regulation of coagulation and fibrinolysis in children in physiologic and pathologic states. Some examples of the influence of age on hemostasis are: (1) the diagnosis of some congenital factor deficiencies, based on plasma levels, can be difficult due to physiologically low values; (2) despite very low levels of many inhibitors of hemostasis, thrombotic complications are rare; (3) the interaction of anti-coagulants and thrombolytic agents is profoundly influenced by the relative immaturity of hemostasis at birth; and (4) in contrast to the risk of thrombosis, healthy infants are at risk for vitamin K deficiency bleeding due to poor transport of vitamin K across the placenta and plasma concentrations of the vitamin K dependent proteins of less than 50% of adults values. The following review discusses the age dependency of hemostasis during childhood and the effect of the physiologically immature system on the diagnosis and treatment of hemostatic disorders.
THE INFLUENCE OF ETHNICITY AND ANTIDEPRESSANT PHARMACOGENETICS IN THE TREATMENT OF DEPRESSION

Antidepressant disposition can be influenced by a variety of CYP isozymes and their effects in the treatment of depression are reviewed. The CYP isozymes 2D6, 3A4, 1A2 and 2C are discussed in regard to antidepressant drug pharmacokinetics, clinical relevance and variability in activity for each isozyme. Polymorphism has been identified with CYP 2D6 and 2C19. Disposition of antidepressants which are substrates of these two isozymes can also be influenced and contributes towards the wide interpatient and interethnic variability found with these drugs. Antidepressants (especially SSRIs) can be CYP isozyme inhibitors and produce significant drug-drug interactions.
Identification of microRNA signature and potential pathway targets in prostate cancer

Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common and the second leading cause of cancer-related death among American men. Early diagnosis is a prerequisite to improving therapeutic benefits. However, the current clinical biomarkers for PC do not reliably decipher indolent PC from other urogenital disorders. Thus, effective clinical intervention necessitates development of new biomarkers for early detection of PC. The present study aimed to identify the miRNA signature in organ-confined (Gleason Score 6) prostate tumors. MicroRNA (miRNA/miR) array analysis identified 118 upregulated and 73 downregulated miRNAs in microdissected tumors in comparison to matched neighboring normal prostate epithelium. The miRs-Plus-A1083, -92b-5p, -18a-3p, -19a-3p, -639, -3622b-3p, -3189-3p, -155-3p, -410, -1179, 548b-5p, and -4469 are predominantly expressed (7–11-fold), whereas miRs-595, 4490, -3120-5p, -1299, -21-5p, -3677-3, -let-7b-5p, -5189, 3-121-5p, -4518, -200a-5p, -3682-5p, -3689d, -3149 represent the most downregulated (12–113-fold) miRNAs in microdissected prostate tumors. The array expression profile of selected miRNA signature and their potential mRNA targets was validated by qRT-PCR analysis in PC cell lines. Integrated in silico and computational prediction analyses demonstrated that the dysregulated miRNA signature map to key regulatory factors involved in tumorigenesis, including cell cycle, apoptosis, and p53 pathways. The newly identified miRNA signature has potential clinical utility as biomarkers, prognostic indicators, and therapeutic targets for early detection of PC. Further studies are needed to assess the functional significance and clinical usefulness of the identified miRNAs. Impact Statement To our knowledge his is the first study of identifying miRNA signatures in microdissected indolent (Gleason score 6) prostate cancer in comparison to matched normal prostate epithelium. By employing in silico and computational prediction analysis, the study provides a landscape of potential miRNA targets and key cellular pathways involved in prostate tumorigenesis. Identification if miRNAs and their relevant targets and pathways pave the way for underpinning their mechanistic role of miRNAs in human prostate tumorigenesis, and possibly other human cancers. Importantly, the outcome of the study has important clinical implications for the management of prostate cancer, including the use of miRNA(s) as biomarkers for early detection of prostate cancer.
Blending Mass Ratios of Lignin , Epoxy Resin , and Polyamine Tests

A cross-linked biomass-polymer composite with a lignin content of up to 60% was prepared by blending lignin with an epoxy resin and polyamine using a hot press molding process. The characteristics of the curing reaction of lignin with epoxy resin were studied using DSC and FTIR analysis. The effect of molding temperature and molding pressure on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the lignin/epoxy resin composite was also studied by SEM, DMA, and TG analyses. The results showed that the epoxy resin can be cured by lignin, and the curing temperature for the blends can be reduced by the introduction of a polyamine cure agent. The properties of the composite, such as bending strength, impact strength, glass-transition temperature, and thermal stability, were evidently influenced by the molding process. A good interfacial combination was formed between lignin and epoxy resin. Increasing the molding temperature and pressure proved beneficial to achieve a better interfacial combination for the composite, and the degree of ductile fracture was increased in the fracture surface of the composite.
Genetic and clinical aspects of Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth's disease

The prevalence of Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth's disease (CMT) was studied in Western Norway, an area with several isolated districts with a population of 725,000 (1968). Three hereditary types were distinguished in the area: autosomal dominant CMT with an estimated prevalence of 36/100,000; X‐linked recessive CMT with a prevalence of 3.6/100,000; and autosomal recessive CMT with a prevalence of 1.4/100,00. Gene frequencies were 3 · 7. 10‐4, 1 · 9. 10‐4, and 4 · 8. 10‐4 in autosomal dominant, X‐linked, and autosomal recessive CMT, respectively, while the corresponding mutation rates were 13 · 0, 5 · 5, and 3 · 5 per million gametes per generation. The penetrance was almost complete for all three variants of CMT.
Childhood acute myeloid leukemia: outcome in a single center using chemotherapy and consolidation with busulfan/cyclophosphamide for bone marrow transplantation.

PURPOSE To report the impact of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) with busulfan/cyclophosphamide (BuCy) as end consolidation in a cohort of consecutively diagnosed children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). PATIENTS AND METHODS Between May 1987 and November 1992, 43 patients were diagnosed with AML. Tissue typing at diagnosis determined whether patients would proceed to autologous or allogeneic BMT as end consolidation after six cycles of chemotherapy. Conditioning for BMT was with BuCy, followed by allogeneic or unpurged autologous marrow infusion. RESULTS Of 37 patients who received chemotherapy, 35 achieved remission (95%) after one to six courses of treatment and 34 (92%) were transplanted. Five relapsed before BMT, four were subsequently transplanted in second complete remission (CR2) (n = 3) or untreated first relapse (n = 1), and one failed to respond to further therapy. All other patients proceeded to BMT in first complete remission (CR1). Eleven patients received allografts: one relapsed and one died of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), for a leukemia-free survival rate of 90% at a median of 41 months after BMT (range, 3 to 60). For 23 autografts, there were two toxic deaths and eight relapses, with a leukemia-free survival rate of 61% at a median of 11 months after BMT (range, 0 to 66). The high relapse rate following autologous BMT led us to escalate the dose of Bu from 16 mg/kg to 600 mg/m2 using a single daily dose of Bu. CONCLUSION With modern supportive therapy, most newly diagnosed children with AML will enter remission and are eligible for intensification therapy. BuCy is well tolerated in children, which allowed us to escalate the dose of Bu in recent patients. Further follow-up is needed to determine whether this has an impact on the relapse rate following autologous BMT.
Covering the limb – formation of the integument

An organism's outermost covering, the integument, has evolved to fulfil a diverse range of functions. Skin provides a physical barrier, an environment for immunological surveillance, and also performs a range of sensory, thermoregulatory and biosynthetic functions. Examination of the skin of limb digits reveals a range of skin types including the thickened hairless epidermis of the toe pads (palmar or plantar epidermis) and thinner epidermis between the hair follicles (interfollicular epidermis) of hairy skin. An important developmental function of skin is to give rise to a diverse group of appendages including hair follicles, with associated sebaceous glands (or feathers and scales in chick), eccrine sweat glands and the nail. A key question is how does this morphological variety arise from the single‐layered epithelium covering embryonic limb buds? This review will attempt to address this question by linking the extensive morphological/anatomical data on maturation of epidermis and its appendages with (1) current research into the range, plasticity and location of the putative epidermal stems cells; (2) molecular/microenvironmental regulation of epidermal stem cell lineages and lineage choice; and (3) regulation of the differentiation pathways, focusing on differentiation of the interfollicular epidermis.
Identification of endoglin as a functional marker that defines long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells

We describe a strategy to obtain highly enriched long-term repopulating (LTR) hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from bone marrow side-population (SP) cells by using a transgenic reporter gene driven by a stem cell enhancer. To analyze the gene-expression profile of the rare HSC population, we developed an amplification protocol termed “constant-ratio PCR,” in which sample and control cDNAs are amplified in the same PCR. This protocol allowed us to identify genes differentially expressed in the enriched LTR-HSC population by oligonucleotide microarray analysis using as little as 1 ng of total RNA. Endoglin, an ancillary transforming growth factor β receptor, was differentially expressed by the enriched HSCs. Importantly, endoglin-positive cells, which account for 20% of total SP cells, contain all the LTR-HSC activity within bone marrow SP. Our results demonstrate that endoglin, which plays important roles in angiogenesis and hematopoiesis, is a functional marker that defines LTR HSCs. Our overall strategy may be applicable for the identification of markers for other tissue-specific stem cells.
Computer-Assisted Self-Control of Diabetes by Adolescents

This paper reports an experi mental investigation of the microcomputer-based system, Diabetes in Self-Cantral (DISC), used to facilitate adolescents' self- management of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Twenty 12- to 19-year-old subjects were matched into 10 pairs and randomly assigned to DISC or conventional education (CE). Following a no-treatment phase, information about diabetes and self-monitoring was presented during 7 weeks ofphase 2 by means of computer-assisted instruction for the DISC group and printed materials for the CE group. During the 8 weeks of phase 3, DISC subjects received training on monitoring the relationships among variables, diabetes problem solving, and goal setting. Improvement that was both statistically and clini cally significant was noted in the DISCgroup's prelunch and dinner glucose levels. The DISC group showed clinical improvement in frequency of blood glucose testing. Finally, DISC subjects reported more behavioral change as a function of what was learned.
Electroconvulsive Therapy for Status Epilepticus

TO THE EDITOR: A 25-year-old man had a sudden pain followed by involuntary movements in his right arm. A few minutes later, he had a new episode with loss of consciousness. Nine years earlier, he had had a depressed frontal fracture, epidural hematoma, and cerebral contusion that left him with a mild stutter. On examination, the only finding was a difficulty with oral expression. The initial diagnosis was partial seizures, and treatment with phenytoin and carbamazepine was started. Psychomotor attacks appeared 3 days later. Cerebrospinal fluid was normal. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed post-traumatic changes in the right frontal and left temporal lobes. Electroencephalography showed slow activity in the left hemisphere with temporal predominance. Progressively, the patient had mental deterioration and rigidity. He was receiving phenytoin, carbamazepine, and phenobarbital. The rigidity disappeared with the administration of diazepam. However, uncoordinated movements of both eyes and the right arm, autonomic hyperactivity, and the Babinski sign then appeared. The electroencephalogram showed rhythmic theta-delta activity of bilateral distribution with unstable morphology and intensity. Because the seizures were uncontrolled, a pentobarbital coma was induced. After 40 days of treatment, we tried electroconvulsive therapy. After the second attempt, we were able to remove barbiturates from the patient's treatment regimen. The patient received six electroconvulsive therapy sessions (three per week) and completely recovered within 1 month. Electroconvulsive therapy has occasionally been used to treat seizures and other neurological disorders [1-3]. Research in animals and humans has shown that this therapy results in an increased seizure threshold that typically increases progressively over a course of treatment. Some authors [1] have suggested that the anticonvulsant effect of electroconvulsive therapy is produced by increased transmission of -aminobutyric acid. The guidelines on medical treatment of epilepsy are clear [4]. But when no response occurs, electroconvulsive therapy might be a useful adjunct with low morbidity. Nevertheless, its use might be considered an exceptional therapeutic strategy that must be justified on a case-by-case basis.
Genetic Epidemiology of BRCA1

Since the identification of the BRCA1 gene 10 years ago much has been learned about the role of the BRCA1 protein in cancer development. In particular, genetic and epidemiological approaches have informed about the spectrum of mutations that occur in the gene and the prevalence, penetrance, and phenotype associated with these mutations in various populations. Furthermore, advances have been made in understanding the environmental and genetic modifiers of cancer risk associated with BRCA1 mutations. In this review the current knowledge of the genetic epidemiology of BRCA1 is presented and the issues that still need to be addressed in this field are outlined.
Exploring the relationship between timing of menarche and eating disorder symptoms in Black and White adolescent girls.

OBJECTIVE This study examined the relationship between timing of sexual maturation and eating disorders symptoms in adolescent girls. METHOD Data were collected over 10 years for a cohort of 1,213 Black girls and 1,166 White girls who were either 9 or 10 years old at study entry. Annually, girls' height and weight were measured and, biannually, girls completed self-report measures of eating disorders symptoms. RESULTS Early-onset menarche is a risk factor for the development of body image and dieting concerns, but the effect of timing is due to the impact of early and late maturation on body weight. DISCUSSION Findings underscore the importance of adiposity as a risk factor for poor mental health.
The coaching preferences of elite athletes competing at Universiade '83.

The study investigated the coaching preferences of 95 male and 65 female elite athletes competing at Universiade '83 (Edmonton, Canada). Preferred coaching behaviour (PCB) was measured using a version of the Leadership Scale for Sports (Chelladurai and Saleh, 1978, 1980). Preference scores were analyzed on the basis of sex, age, nationality, and type of sport. A MANOVA indicated that males prefer significantly more Autocratic behaviour than females (p = .039). Also, athletes in team sports prefer significantly more Training behaviour (p = .001), Autocratic behaviour (p less than .001), and Rewarding behaviour (p = .017), and significantly less Democratic behaviour (p less than .001) and Social Support behaviour (p = .002) than athletes in individual sports. No significant differences in PCB attributable to the age or nationally of the athlete were found. In addition, data collected in a previous study (Terry and Howe, 1984), which examined the PCB of 'club' athletes, was included to facilitate a comparison of club v elite athletes. A MANOVA showed that elite athletes prefer significantly more Democratic behaviour (p = .01) and Social Support behaviour (p = .001), and significantly less Rewarding behaviour (p = .01) than athletes at a 'club' level. Although differences between subject groups were found, it can be concluded that athletes generally tend to favour coaches who "often" display Training behaviour and Rewarding behaviour, "occasionally" display Democratic behaviour and Social Support behaviour, and "seldom" display Autocratic behaviour.
oculture of Th Cells With Interleukin IL )-7 in the Absence of Antigenic timuli Induced T-Cell Anergy eversed by IL-15 u

a f c o s b n s o ( I ABSTRACT: Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is an important survival factor for T cells. We report here for the first time that it has another important role, facilitating T-cell clonal unresponsiveness, or anergy. The anergy was induced by a 20-day coculture of activated-human CD4 T-cell clones with IL-7 and irradiated peripheral blood mononuclear cells without antigenic stimuli. T-cell survival, but not T-cell anergy induction, was dependent on direct cell contacts between T cells and irradiated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The anergic T cells exhibited no or very low expression of IL-7 receptor chain (IL-7R ), IL-2 receptor chain (IL-2R ), and common chain ( c), and did not express cytotoxic T-lymphocyte– K
Modal cutoff in coaxial transmission lines of conical and cylindrical geometries

We present numerical data on normalized cutoff wavelength versus cone half-angle for the first three higher-order TE/sub m1/ modes, as well as four other modes of interest, in conical coaxial transmission lines (the "co-conical" line). These are given as a function of the ratio of outer-to-inner cone half-angles (proportional to line impedance) for outer cone half-angles of 10 and 22.5 degrees. Results were compared to those for the coaxial transmission line of cylindrical geometry and found to be qualitatively similar.
MicroReview: Envelope stress responses and Gram‐negative bacterial pathogenesis

The σE, Cpx and Bae envelope stress responses of Escherichia coli are involved in the maintenance, adaptation and protection of the bacterial envelope in response to a variety of stressors. Recent studies indicate that the Cpx and σE stress responses exist in many Gram‐negative bacterial pathogens. The envelope is of particular importance to these organisms because most virulence determinants reside in, or must transit through, this cellular compartment. The Cpx system has been implicated in expression of pili, type IV secretion systems and key virulence regulators, while the σE pathway has been shown to be critical for protection from oxidative stress and intracellular survival. Homologues of the σE– and Cpx‐regulated protease DegP are essential for full virulence in numerous pathogens, and, like σE, DegP appears to confer resistance to oxidative stress and intracellular survival capacity. Some pathogens contain multiple homologues of the Cpx‐regulated, disulphide bond catalyst DsbA protein, which has been demonstrated to play roles in the expression of secreted virulence determinants, type III secretion systems and pili. This review highlights recent studies that indicate roles for the σE, Cpx and Bae envelope stress responses in Gram‐negative bacterial pathogenesis.
X-ray Imaging of Stress and Strain of Diamond, Iron, and Tungsten at Megabar Pressures

Synchrotron x-ray imaging and stress measurements of diamond-anvil cell gaskets revealed large elastic strains at the diamond tip at a pressure of 300 gigapascals. The diamond, generally considered a rigid body, bent 16 degrees over a distance of 300 micrometers without failure. To complement these measurements, a technique was developed that permits x-ray diffraction to be measured through a beryllium gasket. Measurements on tungsten and iron revealed the strain anisotropy, deviatoric stress, and texture and showed that the yield strengths of these materials increase by up to two orders of magnitude at confining pressures of 200 to 300 gigapascals. The results allow identification of the maximum amount of strain accommodated by the anvil tips before failure. Further development of ultrahigh pressure techniques requires relieving stress concentrations associated with this large elastic deformation.
Local production of interleukin 6 by renal adenocarcinoma in vivo.

Increased serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels have been reported in cancer patients—especially in those with multiple myeloma or renal cell carcinoma (7,2). Although some myeloma and renal carcinoma cell lines produce IL-6 in vitro, the source of IL-6 production is not consistently the malignant cells in cancer patients in vivo (3,4). For instance, IL-6 is produced by stromal bone marrow cells but not by malignant myeloma cells in vivo (5). Here, we report evidence that IL-6 is produced and released in the circulation by the primary tumor in patients with renal cell carcinoma.
Oxygen for relief of dyspnoea in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who would not qualify for home oxygen: a systematic review and meta-analysis

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register to determine whether oxygen relieves dyspnoea in mildly or non-hypoxemic COPD and included 18 randomised controlled trials (431 participants) in the meta-analysis using Cochrane methodology. Oxygen therapy reduced dyspnoea when compared with medical air; standardised mean difference −0.37 (95% CI −0.50 to −0.24; I2=14%). In a priori subgroup and sensitivity analyses, dyspnoea was reduced by continuous oxygen during exertion but not short-burst oxygen therapy. Continuous exertional oxygen can relieve dyspnoea in mildly or non-hypoxemic COPD, but evidence from larger clinical trials is needed.