Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resting cells rely on the DNA helicase component MCM2 to build cilia

Abstract Minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins facilitate replication by licensing origins and unwinding the DNA double strand. Interestingly, the number of MCM hexamers greatly exceeds the number of firing origins suggesting additional roles of MCMs. Here we show a hitherto unanticipated function of MCM2 in cilia formation in human cells and zebrafish that is uncoupled from replication. Zebrafish depleted of MCM2 develop ciliopathy-phenotypes including microcephaly and aberrant heart looping due to malformed cilia. In non-cycling human fibroblasts, loss of MCM2 promotes transcription of a subset of genes, which cause cilia shortening and centriole overduplication. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments show that MCM2 binds to transcription start sites of cilia inhibiting genes. We propose that such binding may block RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription. Depletion of a second MCM (MCM7), which functions in complex with MCM2 during its canonical functions, reveals an overlapping cilia-deficiency phenotype likely unconnected to replication, although MCM7 appears to regulate a distinct subset of genes and pathways. Our data suggests that MCM2 and 7 exert a role in ciliogenesis in post-mitotic tissues.
The utilization of landscape pictures extracted from open picture collections for the determination of interest in spatial features

This paper describes a method that uses georeferenced landscape pictures extracted from open picture collections for the determination of the population's interest in spatial features. The automated method takes into account the coordinates of the camera position as well as the azimuth angle, the focal length and the crop factor in order to calculate a field of view using a digital terrain model (DTM). This field of view can thereafter be used for the determination of interest in spatial features. In a case study involving more than 3'000 georeferenced pictures we investigate the potential of the method.
A rare male patient with Fontaine progeroid syndrome caused by p.R217H de novo mutation in SLC25A24

We report the clinical and genetic findings in a 15‐year‐old Spanish boy presenting prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, reduced subcutaneous adipose tissue, premature skin wrinkling, sparse hair, short distal phalanges with small nails, umbilical hernia, wide anterior fontanel, and normal cognitive and motor development. Exome sequencing uncovered a heterozygous mutation in SLC25A24 (NM_013386: c.650G>A: p.R217H) that encodes for the calcium‐binding mitochondrial carrier protein SCaMC‐1. This gain‐of‐function variant has been previously associated with Fontaine syndrome and Gorlin‐Chaudhry‐Moss syndrome, two entities that show overlapping features, and have been recently subsumed under the name Fontaine progeroid syndrome (FPS; MIM: 612289) in OMIM. Here, we describe the first male patient with genetically confirmed FPS who survives at least until adolescence.
The insignificant evolution of the richness-mass relation of galaxy clusters

We analysed the richness-mass scaling of 23 very massive clusters at 0.15 < z < 0.55 with homogenously measured weak-lensing masses and richnesses within a fixed aperture of 0.5 Mpc radius. We found that the richness-mass scaling is very tight (the scatter is <0.09 dex with 90% probability) and independent of cluster evolutionary status and morphology. This implies a close association between infall and evolution of dark matter and galaxies in the central region of clusters. We also found that the evolution of the richness-mass intercept is minor at most, and, given the minor mass evolution across the studied redshift range, the richness evolution of individual massive clusters also turns out to be very small. Finally, it was paramount to account for the cluster mass function and the selection function. Ignoring them would lead to larger biases than the (otherwise quoted) errors. Our study benefits from: a) weak-lensing masses instead of proxy-based masses thereby removing the ambiguity between a real trend and one induced by an accounted evolution of the used mass proxy; b) the use of projected masses that simplify the statistical analysis thereby not requiring consideration of the unknown covariance induced by the cluster orientation/triaxiality; c) the use of aperture masses as they are free of the pseudo-evolution of mass definitions anchored to the evolving density of the Universe; d) a proper accounting of the sample selection function and of the Malmquist-like effect induced by the cluster mass function; e) cosmological simulations for the computation of the cluster mass function, its evolution, and the mass growth of each individual cluster.
Influence of piers on functional groups of benthic primary producers and consumers in the channel of a subtropical coastal lagoon

Artificial habitats have become common in coastal areas worldwide and may influence the structure and functioning of benthic ecosystems. We analyze the influence of piers on the benthic morphofunctional groups of rocky seaweeds and of soft bottom macrofauna in the channel of Conceicao Lagoon (southern Brazil). The main impact is a reduction in the luminosity available for photosynthetic activity which is directly related to a decrease in the biomasses of sediment microphytobenthos and of more highly structured macroalgae life-forms. Contrary to expectations, the morphotypes of potentially high biomass productivity, such as articulated coralline, corticated and leathery macroalgae, were in general less abundant and the low biomass foliose and filamentous macroalgae occurred in reference areas but not under the piers. The piers' effects on motile epifauna and infauna functional groups were site-specific and probably related to the general reduction in primary producer organisms in the new habitats. The discretely motile infauna was the only functional group able to thrive under the piers due to their reduced motility and fragile morphological structures, being benefited by the shelter provided by the artificial habitats. Our results showed that the piers might have a negative effect on the base-trophic level organisms responsible for bottom-up controls.
การขยายและใส่ขดลวดค้ํายันในผู้ป่วย coarctation of aorta กฤตย์วิกรม ดุรงค์พิศิษฏ์กุล , ดวงมณี เลาหประสิทธิพร , ประคัลภ์ จันทร์ทอง , ประดิษฐ์ ปัญจวีณิน วัตถุประสงค์ : รายงานการรักษากลุ่มผู ้ป่วยโรคหัวใจพิการแต่กําเนิดชนิดที่มีการตีบแคบของเส้นเลือด aorta โดยใช้การขยายด้วยบอลลูน และใช้โครงขดลวดเป็นตัวค้

Background: Balloon expandable stents have been used to manage coarctation of the aorta (Co) in selected patients with very encouraging results. Material and Method: The authors report here the first group of patients with Co who underwent a successful implantation of the new Palmaz GenesisTM stent with intermediate term follow up. Results: There were 5 patients with an age range from 14 to 23 years old. All of them had significant Co and were receiving multiple anti-hypertensive medications. Primary stenting was performed in all patients. All of them had an immediate relief of the gradient. All antihypertensive medications were discontinued immediately in 4 patients. All patients had one year follow up which revealed a minimum gradient. One patient continues to receive oral antihypertensive medication. Conclusion: In patients with coarctation of the aorta (native or recoarctation of aorta), stent implantation may be a feasible and improved option to relieve the stenosis. Short and mid term followup of these patients have shown encouraging results.
Research, part of a Special Feature on Rebuilding Fisheries and Threatened Communities: the Social-Ecology of a Particularly Wicked Problem Rebuilding the Namibian hake fishery: a case for collaboration between scientists and fishermen

One of the most important fisheries in the northern Benguela is the Namibian hake fishery, which targets both Merluccius capensis and Merluccius paradoxus. In spite of attempts to rebuild the hake stocks that were severely depleted by distant-water fleets before Namibia's independence in 1990, stocks have failed to recover. Because the ecological goal of stock rebuilding competes with social and economic objectives on the political stage, the ability to make accurate abundance estimates is important. However, the precision of abundance estimates is impeded by lack of understanding of hake behavior and of the effects of environmental factors. Furthermore, at present both species of hake are assessed and managed as one Namibian stock. We present qualitative information derived from interviews that we conducted with Namibian hake trawl and longline fishers during the 2009 and 2010 fishing seasons, and information gleaned from analyzing logbook data. We contextualize both types of data within the scientific literature on Namibian hakes and the Namibian hake fishery. Fishers monitor sea surface and bottom temperature, water quality, currents, and weather, and they have detailed knowledge about the behavior and habitat of hakes. Fishers differentiate between three different types of M. capensis, which they associate with different fishing areas. They also describe innovations that have taken place over the past 20 years, which are of relevance to the assessment of fishing efficiency and effort, but have not been taken into account in the stock assessments. Our analysis of logbook data supports the increase in efficiency. The results show that closer collaboration between scientists and fishers has the potential to improve the accuracy of survey estimates and stock assessments, and thus is important for rebuilding of hake stocks and the hake fishery.
O-glycosylation in plant and mammal cells: the use of chemical inhibitors to understand the biosynthesis and function of O-glycosylated proteins

Glycosylation is the most common posttranslational modification of proteins and consists of the addition of sugar moiety to proteins. The resulting glycosylated proteins are often secreted to the extracellular compartment or integrated into different cell organelles. This modification was identified in plant as well as in mammalian cells. A number of plant and mammal proteins are either N- or O-glycosylated. This review focuses on O-glycosylation which refers to linkage of a glycan to hydroxyl group of serine, threonine or proline residues. O-glycosylation can be altered by the action of chemical inhibitors. For instance, 3,4-dehydro-L-proline, ethyl 3,4-dehydroxy benzoate and a,a-dipyridyl inhibit the activity of prolyl4-hydroxylase, a key enzyme for plant O-glycosylation. In addition, a small molecule inhibitor designated 1-68A inhibits the polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases of mammalian cells. The aim of this review is to summarize the role and mechanism of action of these inhibitors of O-glycosylation and their impact on cell development in plants and mammals.
Patient Reaction to Telemedicine for Clinical Management of Hepatitis C Virus Integrated into an Opioid Treatment Program.

Background and Introduction: Virtual integration of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection management within the opioid treatment program (OTP) through telemedicine may overcome limited treatment uptake encountered when patients are referred offsite. To evaluate the diffusion of telemedicine within the OTP, we conducted a pilot study to assess acceptance of and satisfaction with telemedicine among 45 HCV-infected opioid use disorder (OUD) patients on methadone. MATERIALS AND METHODS We administered a modified 11-item telemedicine satisfaction questionnaire after the initial HCV telemedicine evaluation, when initiating HCV treatment, and 3 months post-HCV treatment completion. Among a patient subset, a semistructured interview further assessed issues of participant referral to the telemedicine program as well as convenience and confidentiality with the telemedicine encounters. RESULTS Patients demonstrated their acceptance of telemedicine-based encounters by referral of additional participants. They highlighted the convenience of on-site treatment with a liver specialist through recognition of the benefit of "one-stop shopping. " They also expressed confidence in the privacy and confidentiality of telemedicine encounters. DISCUSSION In this pilot study, telemedicine appears to be well accepted as a modality for HCV management among OUD patients on methadone. Virtual integration of medical and behavioral therapy through telemedicine warrants further investigation for its use in this population. CONCLUSIONS In this pilot study, we found that a largely racial minority population of substance users grew to accept telemedicine over time with diminished privacy and confidentiality concerns. Telemedicine was well accepted within the OTP community as reflected by participant referral to the program.
Colonization of the Galápagos Islands by plants with no specific syndromes for long-distance dispersal: a new perspective

Since nobody has witnessed the arrival of early plant colonists on isolated islands, the actual long-distance dispersal (hereafter LDD) has historically been a matter of speculation. In the present study, we off er a new approach that evaluates whether particular syndromes for LDD (i.e. the set of traits related to diaspore dispersal by animals, wind and sea currents) have been favourable in the natural colonization of the Gal a pagos Islands by plants. Dispersal syndromes of the 251 native genera (509 angiosperm species) presently acknowledged as native were carefully studied, combining data from fl oristic lists of the Gal a pagos Islands, diaspore traits, characteristics of continental relatives and our own observations. We used these genera (and occasionally infrageneric groups) as the working units to infer the number of introductions and colonists. A fi nal number of native plants was inferred and analysed after correcting by pollen records of six species from six genera previously considered exotic (palaeobotanical correction). Th e number of early colonists was also corrected by incorporating information from the few ( n 12) phylogenetic studies of genera from both the Gal a pagos Islands and the Americas (phylogenetic correction). A total of 372 colonization events were inferred for the native fl ora using the latest check-list. Th e proportions of native colonists grouped into fi ve categories were: endozoochory 16.4%, epizoochory 15.7%, hydrochory 18.6%, anemochory 13.3%, and unassisted diaspores 36.0%. Th ese fi gures did not vary signifi cantly on analysing only the 99 genera that include endemic species in order to rule out any human-mediated introductions. Irrespective of the roles of the diff erent agents involved in LDD, diaspores with no special syndrome for LDD (unassisted diapores), such as many dry fruits, have been successful in reaching and colonizing the Gal a pagos archipelago. Th is fi nding leads us to suggest that unpredictable and so far unknown LDD mechanisms should be further considered in the theory of island biogeography.
O ct 2 00 9 Testing Standard Cosmology with Large Scale Structure

The galaxy power spectrum contains information on the growth of structure, the growth rate through redshift space distortions, and the cosmic expansion through baryon acoustic oscillation features. We study the ability of two proposed experiments, BigBOSS and JDEM-PS, to test the cosmological model and general relativity. We quantify the latter result in terms of the gravitational growth index γ, whose value in general relativity is γ ≈ 0.55. Significant deviations from this value could indicate new physics beyond the standard model of cosmology. The results show that BigBOSS (JDEM-PS) would be capable of measuring γ with an uncertainty σ(γ) = 0.043 (0.054), which tightens to σ(γ) = 0.031 (0.038) if we include Stage III data priors, marginalizing over neutrino mass, time varying dark energy equation of state, and other parameters. We also carry out studies of the influence of redshift range, resolution, and treatment of nonlinearities to enable further improvement.
Effects of management practices on crop yield and nitrogen leaching

Farming practices can have significant effects on important soil processes, including nitrogen (n) dynamics and nitrate leaching. a lysimeter experiment was conducted to determine differences in n leaching resulting from past and current crop management practices. intact monolith lysimeters (50 cm diam. × 70 cm deep) were taken from sites of the same soil type that had either been under long-term organic or conventional crop management. these were then managed according to established organic and conventional practices over 2/2 years using the same crop rotation (barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), maize (Zea mays L.), rape (Brassica napus L. ssp. oleifera) plus a lupin green Effects of past and current management practices on crop yield and nitrogen leaching—a comparison of organic and conventional
Competition Between Fixed and Mobile Broadband Access Based on Mobility and Data Volume

The purpose of this article is to show that the assumption that fixed and mobile broadband markets are independent, on which current economic literature and broadband policies are based, needs to be revised and that explicit modelling of fixed and mobile interdependence is required. Empirical observations from markets and technology, which demonstrate the existence of a degree of fixed-mobile substitutability, lead us to propose a new modelling framework to analyse the interdependence of fixed and mobile broadband markets and address its impact on issues such as competition, prices and regulatory policies. Fixed and mobile broadband offers have asymmetrical characteristics to match consumers’ demand functions, expressed in terms of willingness to pay for certain levels of mobility and data volumes. In this framework, a duopoly and then an oligopoly model are proposed to analyse the competition between fixed and mobile broadband access. Effects of fixed-mobile interdependence are modelled such as, for instance, how a fixed monopoly price may be naturally regulated by a competitive mobile market. The paper also examines how the new framework enables us to model the impact of future technological and commercial developments such as the deployment of LTE for mobile networks and FTTH for fixed networks.
Host NAD+ metabolism and infections: therapeutic implications

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is both a crucial coenzyme and a cosubstrate for various metabolic reactions in all living cells. Maintenance of NAD+ levels is essential for cell energy homeostasis, survival, proliferation and function. Mounting evidence points to NAD+ as one of the major modulators of immuno-metabolic circuits, thus regulating immune responses and functions. Recent studies delineate impaired host NAD+ metabolism during chronic infections and inflammation, suggesting NAD+ replenishment as an avenue to ameliorate deleterious inflammatory responses. Here, we discuss aspects of NAD+ biosynthesis and consumption, NAD+ biology during infections and how NAD+ metabolism can be intervened with pharmacologically to enhance the host's immunological fitness against pathogens.
Elliptical Time‐Density model to estimate wildlife utilization distributions

We present a new animal space‐use model (elliptical time density – ETD) that uses discrete‐time tracking data collected in wildlife movement studies. The ETD model provides a trajectory‐based, nonparametric approach to estimate the utilization distribution (UD) of an animal, using model parameters derived directly from the movement behaviour of the species. The model builds on the theory of ‘time‐geography’ whereby elliptical constraining regions are established between temporally adjacent recorded locations. Using a Weibull speed distribution fitted for an animal's movement data, a time density value (i.e. time per unit landscape) is determined from the expectation of all elliptical regions equal to, or greater than, the minimum bounding ellipse for a given landscape point. We tested the ETD model using a tracking dataset for an African elephant (Loxodonta africana) and compared the resulting UDs for regularly sampled, frequently recorded locations, as well as irregular random time intervals between locations and also infrequent temporal‐sampling regimes, providing insight to the method's performance with different resolution data. We compared the performance of the ETD model, the Brownian bridge movement model (BBMM), the time‐geography density estimator (TGDE) and the Kernel Density Estimator (KDE) by calculating omission/commission errors from the predicted space‐use distribution of each model relative to the true known UD of our elephant test data. The comparison was made for the 10–99% percentile UD model areas. The ETD90 model (i.e. ETD model parameterized using the 90% percentile value of the Weibull speed distribution) resulted in the fewest errors of commission and omission with regard to locating the true movement path at the 99% percentile UD area. The ETD model provides an improved approach for estimating animal UDs since (i) parameters are derived directly from the tracking data rather than assumed; (ii) parameter values are biologically interpretable; (iii) the Weibull speed distribution is adaptable to various temporal‐sampling regimes; and (iv) the ETD model handles the case of degenerate ellipses thus preserving landscape connectivity in the UD. Software (freeware) for calculating the ETD and a Bayesian framework for estimating the Weibull distribution speed parameters are also introduced in the paper.
Molecule-based approach for computing chemical-reaction rates in upper atmosphere hypersonic flows.

This report summarizes the work completed during FY2009 for the LDRD project 09-1332 'Molecule-Based Approach for Computing Chemical-Reaction Rates in Upper-Atmosphere Hypersonic Flows'. The goal of this project was to apply a recently proposed approach for the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method to calculate chemical-reaction rates for high-temperature atmospheric species. The new DSMC model reproduces measured equilibrium reaction rates without using any macroscopic reaction-rate information. Since it uses only molecular properties, the new model is inherently able to predict reaction rates for arbitrary nonequilibrium conditions. DSMC non-equilibrium reaction rates are compared to Park's phenomenological non-equilibrium reaction-rate model, the predominant model for hypersonic-flow-field calculations. For near-equilibrium conditions, Park's model is in good agreement with the DSMC-calculated reaction rates. For far-from-equilibrium conditions, corresponding to a typical shock layer, the difference between the two models can exceed 10 orders of magnitude. The DSMC predictions are also found to be in very good agreement with measured and calculated non-equilibrium reaction rates. Extensions of the model to reactions typically found in combustion flows and ionizing reactions are also found to be in very good agreement with available measurements, offering strong evidence that this is a viable and reliable technique to predict chemical reaction rates.
Expectation Damages, Divisible Contracts, and Bilateral Investment

This paper examines the efficiency of expectation damages as a breach remedy in a bilateral trade setting with renegotiation and relationship-specific investment by the buyer and the seller. As demonstrated by Edlin and Reichelstein (1996), no contract that specifies only a fixed quantity and a fixed per-unit price can induce efficient investment if marginal cost is constant and deterministic. We show that this result does not extend to more general payoff functions. If both parties face the risk of breaching, the first best becomes attainable with a simple price-quantity contract.