Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
La masse corporelle comme indicateur de la condition physique hivernale de l’Isard, Rupicapra pyrenaica (Artiodactyla, Bovidae)

La condition physique hivernale de l'Isard (Rupicapra pyrenaica) a ete apprehendee entre 1984 et 1995 dans deux secteurs voisins du Parc national des Pyrenees grâce a la pesee de la masse corporelle d'une part de 152 individus captures lors de diverses campagnes de piegeage, et d'autre part de 37 cadavres decouverts frais et entiers. Compte tenu de leur depense energetique differente, le cas des animaux en phase de croissance (moins de 7 ans) est traite separement de celui des adultes (maximum = 17 ans). Pour les individus captures, la masse corporelle des deux categories se revele independante de leur sexe et de leur origine geographique. Une relation lineaire etroite entre la masse corporelle des animaux en croissance et le logarithme de leur âge est mise en evidence (r 2 = 0,814), la moitie de la masse corporelle maximale etant obtenue par les chevreaux des l'âge de 8 mois. La prise en compte de l'annee de capture montre qu'il existe des differences significatives de condition physique des animaux, une reactivite differentielle pouvant etre notee face a la variation inter-annuelle des conditions meteorologiques (effet negatif de temperatures basses note surtout chez les isards de moins de 7 ans, et de la persistance de neige au sol, note surtout chez les adultes). Par contre, quelle que soit l'annee de leur decouverte, on note un deficit moyen d'environ 20 % de la masse corporelle des cadavres par rapport aux individus captures de la meme classe d'âge.
Pro- and Antioxidants in the Diets of Broilers and their Effects on Carcass Quality: Copper, Selenium and Acidulated Soybean-Oil Soapstock

Abstract The present study was carried out to study the effects of the combinations of various concentrations of dietary copper (Cu) or selenium (Se), acidulated soybean-oil soapstock (ASS), and calorie-to-protein (C:P) ratio on carcass quality of broilers. Supplemental Cu or Se did not have any marked effect on fat accumulation, degree of saturation of this fat, or on the stability of carcass fat and meat to oxidation. Widening the dietary C:P ratio, with or without ASS supplementation, increased fat deposition, the degree of saturation of carcass fat and its stability as well as that of the meat. Supplemental ASS significantly increased the degree of unsaturation of carcass fat and decreased its stability in the presence of dietary antioxidants, but increased fat stability in their absence. In both instances meat stability increased significantly if judged by initial TBA values, or decreased significantly if estimated on the basis of change in TBA values during incubation.
Protein, oil, and yield of soybean lines selected for increased protein

Soybean breeders need to evaluate alternative strategies for increasing yield, protein, and oil content. The correlated response for yield when selection is conducted for increased protein among unreplicated plant rows is unknown. Our objective was to evaluate selection for increased protein content at an intensity of 50% using unreplicated plots to determine the correlated response for yield, gross value per hectare, oil content, and the direct response for protein content. Ten populations that included 30 lines each were evaluated for yield, protein, and oil content at each of seven environments. Lines were selected solely for high protein content with one replicate at each of three selection environments and based on the average of two replicate in three selection environments. Additionally, selection was conducted on the basis of the population mean in the selection environment(s). Selected and unselected lines were evaluated in four validation environments that were not the same as the selection environments. Selection among individual lines solely for increased protein content decreased yield 70 kg ha -1 and increased protein content 7 g kg -1 , when lines were selected on the basis of the mean of two replicates and three environments. Selection among populations for increased protein content, decreased yield 110 kg ha -1 and increased protein content 5 g kg when selection was based on the population mean averaged across two replicates and three environments. On average, selection for increased protein content resulted in decreased yield.
Interaction between ants and plants bearing extrafloral nectaries in cerrado vegetation

Nectarios extraflorais (NEFs) sao glândulas de nectar nao relacionadas com o processo de polinizacao da planta e que podem ocorrer virtualmente em todas as estruturas vegetativas e reprodutivas de angiospermas. Estudos recentes revelaram que NEFs ocorrem em diversas especies de arbustos e arvores dos cerrados brasileiros. Plantas portadores destas glândulas sao visitadas de dia e de noite por diversas especies de formigas nectarivoras do cerrado. Nesta revisao apresentamos os dados obtidos nos ultimos 15 anos sobre a interacao entre formigas e plantas com NEFs em vegetacao de cerrado. Estudos experimentais no campo indicam que as formigas visitantes de NEFs podem predar ou injuriar insetos herbivoros que encontram sobre as plantas, reduzindo significativamente as taxas de herbivoria sobre as folhas, botoes ou flores. Em resposta, algumas especies de herbivoros desenvolveram varios mecanismos para evitar o ataque das formigas sobre suas plantas hospedeiras. Os beneficios oferecidos as plantas pelas formigas visitantes, entretanto, podem variar com a agressividade da especie de formiga, com as estrategias defensivas apresentadas pelos insetos herbivoros, bem como com a especie de planta. Os resultados obtidos para diferentes especies de plantas de cerrado sao discutidos, indicando areas promissoras para estudos experimentais futuros.
Bradyrhizobium inoculation and nitrogen fertilizer effects on seed yield and protein of white lupin

Variation in seed yield and protein levels of sweet white lupin (Lupinus albus L. cv. Ultra) in the North Central USA has limited production of the crop in this region. Poor N nutrition from biological or exogenous sources may be one of the causes of this variation. Studies were conducted under irrigation in 1988, 1989, and 1990 at Becker, MN, on a Hubbard loamy sand (sandy mixed udorthentic haploborolls) to examine the impact of Bradyrhizobium inoculation and N fertilizer on lupin seed yield, protein concentration, and yield components (.)
The Flavor of Cucumbers

SUMMARY Nona-2, 6-dienal, non-2-enal, hex-2-enal, and three saturated aliphatic aldehydes were isolated from cucumbers. Quantitative and qualitative aspects of the flavor of nona-2,6-dienal and non-2-enal were examined.
The implications of climate change for positive contributions of invertebrates to world agriculture

This review is based in part on a report that the authors prepared for the Commission on Genetic Resources for Agriculture (CGRFA), at the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, on climate change and invertebrate genetic resources for food and agriculture [277]. We thank Kim-Anh Tempelman and colleagues at the CGRFA for their interest, support and encouragement in preparing that report. We also thank Peter S. Baker (CABI), John Kean (AgResearch Ltd, New Zealand), Graham Walker (The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited), and Craig Phillips (AgResearch Ltd, New Zealand), who contributed Case Studies as indicated; Joop van Lenteren (Wageningen University, The Netherlands), Peter Baker and several anonymous scientists of the CGRFA and FAO who reviewed parts of a draft of the report from which this review was derived; and Rebecca J Murphy (UK) and Dafydd Pilling (FAO) for editorial inputs to that report.
Fontes de pólen utilizadas por Apis mellifera L. e algumas espécies de Trigonini (apidae) em Piracicaba (SP)

Pollen sources used by a colony of Apis mellifera and four colonies of some species of Trigonini were compared during the months of October and November of 1996 in the Câmpus of Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Piracicaba, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil (22o43'S; 47o25'W; altitude: 580 m). The identification of the vegetable species visited by bees was through the pollen found in the masses located in the workers' pollen basket of the studied species. Fifty-three types of pollen were identified, and the largest similarity percentage in the use of the pollen sources was between Nannotrigona testaceicornis and Tetragonisca angustula and the smallest between A. mellifera and T. angustula. The sequence of the species with larger width of the niche food was A. mellifera followed by Plebeia droryana, Partamona helleri, T. angustula and N. testaceicornis, while for the uniformity of use of the pollen sources it was P. helleri, P. droryana, A. mellifera, N. testaceicornis and T. angustula.
Benthic macroinvertebrates as indicators of water quality: The intersection of science and policy

1 Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, National Center for Earth-surface Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 USA *Corresponding author; e-mail: M.A.KenneyPHD@gmail.com 2 Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland 21037 USA e-mail: sutton-griera@si.edu 3 Department of Entomology, 4112 Plant Sciences Building, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742-4454 USA e-mail: rsmith9@umd.edu 4 Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, Towson, Maryland 21252 USA e-mail: esens@tosgrwson.edu Received: 28 April 28, 2009; accepted: 17 July 2009 Summary is review addresses the intersection of water quality policy and benthic macroinvertebrates. Speci cally, we examine the role that stream macroinvertebrates have played or could play in informing water quality deci-sions given the current policy framework, using this framework as the organizational structure for the review. Macroinvertebrates, as biological indicators of stream water quality, can be utilized to identify impaired waters, determine aquatic life stressors, set pollutant load reductions, and indicate improvement. We present both current approaches as well as innovative approaches to identify macroinvertebrates and aquatic life stres-sors. We also discuss an example of the environmental management approach, speci cally, how macroinver-tebrates can be used to indicate the relative success of stream restoration. For policymakers, this review serves to illuminate opportunities and limitations of using benthic macroinvertebrates as indicators of water qual-ity. For entomologists, this review highlights policy-relevant research questions that would further aid the classi cation of impaired waters, the identi cation of stressors, or the management of stream ecosystems. © Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2009ds ywore Kiocriteria; B biological criteria; Clean ater ct; biological A W monitoring; bioassessment; essor str identi ca-tion; estoration; eam strr benthic tebrates eroinvmacr
Zooplankton Selection by Young Yellow Perch: The Influence of Light, Prey Density, and Predator Size

Abstract A study to examine the influence of light, prey density, and fish size on prey selection by age-0 yellow perch Perca flavescens was conducted at Oneida Lake, 1982–1983. Our approach was to design laboratory experiments resembling events in the lake and to compare experimental results with field observations. Both laboratory and field results demonstrated that young yellow perch ate smaller prey when light intensity increased. Under low light, young yellow perch detected and ate only the larger-bodied daphnids and fed on a broader array of prey species as light intensity increased. Above 230 1x, size selection for zooplankton was independent of prey abundance and depended mostly on fish size. A prey-selection model was developed to predict the median size of prey selected based on light intensity, fish size, percent Daphnia sp. in the environment, and prey density. At light intensities less than 230 1x, the variables of light, fish size, and percent daphnia contributed significantly (R2 = 0.34; P .
Distance and habitat drive fine scale stingless bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) community turnover across naturally heterogeneous forests in the western Amazon

High tree species richness in the western Amazon has been attributed to heterogeneous soils, which harbor edaphic specialist trees. While rapid transitions in tree communities are well documented across these variable soils few studies have investigated the role of habitat heterogeneity in structuring animal communities. Stingless bees are taxonomically diverse and important natural pollinators in Neotropical forests. However, little is known about their community structuring at local scales in naturally heterogeneous environments. We systematically sampled stingless bee communities found across three paired sites that included adjacent patches of white-sand and non-white-sand forest in the lowland Amazonian region of Loreto, Peru. We sought to understand: (1) How stingless bee species richness and abundance differs among white-sand and non-white-sand habitats and (2) The relative influence of fine scale geographic distance and habitat type in structuring stingless bee communities. We found that species richness did not differ between habitats and that species abundances were highest in white-sand habitats. Community analyses for sampling sites pooled across all months demonstrated that location and soil type played a significant role in structuring bee communities and that community turnover may be more strongly influenced by distance in white-sand habitats than non-white sand habitats. Our results suggest that distance and habitat play an important role in driving stingless bee community turnover at fine scales and that the interaction between habitat and geographic distance may promote higher stingless bee community turnover in white-sand habitats than non-white sand habitats.
First substantiated record of a Lessepsian migrant–the dusky spinefoot, Siganus luridus (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Siganidae), in the Adriatic Sea

One specimen of the dusky spinefoot, Siganus luridus (Rüppell, 1829) (♀, total length = 17.3 cm, total weight = 87.61 g), a lessepsian migrant, was captured in the Mljet Channel (Southern Adriatic, Croatian coast) on 15 November 2010. This is the second record of this species from the Adriatic, but first well documented and based on the captured specimen. First record occurred earlier in the Northern Adriatic, but was based solely on underwater observations.
Comparative testing of single-tree detection algorithms under different types of forest

Summary Airborne laser scanning data and corresponding field data were acquired from boreal forests in Norway and Sweden, coniferous and broadleaved forests in Germany and tropical pulpwood plantations in Brazil. Treetop positions were extracted using six different algorithms developed in Finland, Germany, Norway and Sweden, and the accuracy of tree detection and height estimation was assessed. Furthermore, the weaknesses and strengths of the methods under different types of forest were analyzed. The results showed that forest structure strongly affected the performance of all algorithms. Particularly, the success of tree detection was found to be dependent on tree density and clustering. The differences in performance between methods were more pronounced for tree detection than for height estimation. The algorithms showed a slightly better performance in the conditions for which they were developed, while some could be adapted by different parameterization according to training with local data. The results of this study may help guiding the choice of method under different forest types and may be of great value for future refinement of the single-tree detection algorithms.
Carbohydrate composition of the millet Varagu.

The carbohydrate and lipid composition of varagu millet has been determined. Starch was the major carbohydrate constituent (˜ 72%) of the polished millet. Aqueous alcohol extraction of the millet furnished fructose, galactose, glucose, sucrose, raffinose and an unidentified component. Alkali extraction of the starch-free residue gave hemicelluloses A and B. Hemicellulose A contained glucose with small amounts of rhamnose, arabinose, xylose and mannose; whereas hemicellulose B was composed of glucose and galactose. The alkali-insoluble residue represented cellulose or fibre component as it was exclusively composed of glucose. Linoleic acid was the major fatty acid constituent of the free lipids, and palmitic acid was the major fatty acid of the bound lipids. Kohlenhydratzusammensetzung der Varagu-Hirse. Die Kohlenhydrat- und Lipidzusammensetzung von Varagu-Hirse wurde untersucht. Starke war der Hauptbestandteil (72%) der polierten Hirse. Die wasrige alkoholische Extraktion der Hirse lieferte Fructose, Galactose, Glucose, Saccharose, Raffinose und eine nicht identifizierte Komponente. Die Alkaliextraktion des starkefreien Ruckstandes ergab Hemicellulose A und B. Hemicellulose A enthielt Glucose zusammen mit geringen Mengen an Rhamnose, Arabinose, Xylose und Mannose. Demgegenuber bestand Hemicellulose B aus Glucose und Galactose. Der alkaliunlosliche Rest war Cellulose oder Faserkomponente, denn er bestand ausschlieslich aus Glucose. Linolsaure war der hauptsachliche Fettsaurebestandteil der freien Lipide und Palmitinsaure der der gebundenen Lipide.
Iron mineralization in the radula teeth of the chiton Acanthopleura hirtosa

The structure, morphology and organization of the radula teeth of the chiton Acanthopleura hirtosa, together with their surrounding superior epithelium tissue, have been examined by using transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. Considerable amounts of iron are first seen in inclusions resembling ferritin aggregates and haemosiderin within the cells of the superior epithelium just before the onset of tooth-cusp mineralization. Iron appears to be delivered to the mineralizing surface of the cusp (presumably as FeII) via a series of microvilli, which extend out from the cells of the superior epithelium and which are contiguous with the surface of the tooth cusp. Before mineralization, the tooth cusp consists of a series of fine organic fibrils arranged perpendicular to the posterior edge but parallel to the anterior edge of the cusp. Mineralization within the cusp begins with the deposition of small spherules of ferrihydrite, which appear to have a close spatial relation to the organic matrix. Depending on their location within the cusp these spherules are rapidly replaced by crystals of either goethite, lepidocrocite and/or magnetite as mineralization proceeds. Mineralization is preferentially concentrated towards the posterior surface of the tooth cusp with a greater deposition of magnetite than is found on the anterior surface. We suggest that the initial control of mineralization in the tooth cusp is mediated by the organic matrix. However, the phase transformations among the several mineral phases found in the cusp may well be due to differential competition among reactions leading to these phases and this, in turn, may be controlled by the generation of differential redox and related potentials within the cusp.
Selected trace elements and organochlorines: Some findings in blood and eggs of nesting common eiders (Somateria mollissima) from Finland

In 1997 and 1998, we collected blood samples from nesting adult female commoneiders (Somateria mollissima) at five locations in the Baltic Sea near coastal Finland and analyzed them for lead, selenium, mercury, and arsenic. Eggs were collected from three locations in 1997 for analysis of selenium, mercury, arsenic, and 17 organochlorines (OCs). Mean blood lead concentrations varied by location and year and ranged from 0.02 ppm (residues in blood on wet weight basis) to 0.12 ppm, although one bird had 14.2 ppm lead in its blood. Lead residues in the blood of eiders were positively correlated with the stage of incubation, and lead inhibited the activity of the enzyme delta‐aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) in the blood. Selenium concentrations in eider blood varied by location, with means of 1.26 to 2.86 ppm. Median residues of selenium and mercury in eider eggs were 0.55 and 0.10 ppm (residues in eggs on fresh weight basis), respectively, and concentrations of both selenium and mercury in eggs were correlated with those in blood. Median concentrations of p,p′‐dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene in eggs ranged from 13.1 to 29.6 ppb, but all other OCs were below detection limits. The residues of contaminants that we found in eggs were below concentrations generally considered to affect avian reproduction. The negative correlation of ALAD activity with blood lead concentrations is evidence of an adverse physiological effect of lead exposure in this population.
Relation between home range size and regulation of population size in Microtus ochrogaster

Home range size was estimated in two non-cycling populations of Microtus ochrogaster (Wagner) in Northeastern Colorado. Home range length was linearly and negatively correlated with population densities, and positively correlated with the instantaneous rate of increase of both studied populations. These results suggest that factors reflected in the size of the home range may be responsible for the population regulation. The amount of herbage biomass or the biomass of the vole's preferred food were not correlated with either population size or the size of the home range. A negative correlation existed between the instantaneous rate of increase and population density.
Biometrical methods in quantitative genetic analysis

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Development of lenticels and adventitious roots in flooded Ulmusamericana seedlings

Flooding of soil for 31 days reduced growth, induced marginal leaf necrosis and abscission, caused decay of root systems, and induced morphological and anatomical changes in 10-week-old Ulmusamericana L. seedlings. The seedlings adapted to flooding by forming hypertrophied lenticels and adventitious roots on submerged portions of stems, as well as forming new roots on preexisting roots. Hypertrophy of the lenticels resulted from accelerated phellogen activity and elongation of cork cells. The increased phellogen activity extended beyond the lenticels and often resulted in ruptures of the epidermis encircling the entire stem circumference. The flood-induced adventitious roots on stems originated denovo in the ray parenchyma of the secondary phloem.