Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Somatic cell score: gene polymorphisms and other effects in Holstein and Simmental cows

Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of gene polymorphisms and nongenetic factors on the somatic cell score (SCS) in the milk of Holstein (n = 148) and Simmental (n = 73) cows and their crosses (n = 6). Methods The SCS was calculated by the formula SCS = log2(SCC/100,000)+3, where SCC is the somatic cell count. Polymorphisms in the casein alpha S1 (CSN1S1), beta-casein (CSN2), kappa-casein (CSN3), beta-lactoglobulin (LGB), acyl-CoA diacylglycerol transferase 1 (DGAT1), leptin (LEP), fatty acid synthase (FASN), stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), and 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 6 (AGPAT6) genes were genotyped, and association analysis to the SCS in the cow’s milk was performed. Further, the impact of breed, farm, year, month of the year, lactation stage and parity on the SCS were analysed. Phenotype correlations among SCS and milk constituents were computed by Pearson correlation coefficients. Results Only CSN2 genotypes A1/A2 were found to have significant association with the SCS (p<0.05), and alleles of CSN1S1 and DGAT1 genes (p<0.05). Other polymorphisms were not found to be significant. SCS had significant association with the combined effect of farm and year, lactation stage and month of the year. Lactation parity and breed had not significant association with SCS. The phenotypic correlation of SCS to lactose content was negative and significant, while the correlation to protein content was positive and significant. The correlations of SCS to fat, casein, nonfat solids, urea, citric acid, acetone and ketones contents were very low and not significant. Conclusion Only CSN2 genotypes, CSN1S1 and DGAT1 alleles did show an obvious association to the SCS. The results confirmed the importance of general quality management of farms on the microbial milk quality, and effects of lactation stage and month of the year. The lactose content in milk reflects the health status of the udder.
Reproduction Multitasking: The Male Gametophyte.

The gametophyte represents the sexual phase in the alternation of generations in plants; the other, nonsexual phase is the sporophyte. Here, we review the evolutionary origins of the male gametophyte among land plants and, in particular, its ontogenesis in flowering plants. The highly reduced male gametophyte of angiosperm plants is a two- or three-celled pollen grain. Its task is the production of two male gametes and their transport to the female gametophyte, the embryo sac, where double fertilization takes place. We describe two phases of pollen ontogenesis-a developmental phase leading to the differentiation of the male germline and the formation of a mature pollen grain and a functional phase representing the pollen tube growth, beginning with the landing of the pollen grain on the stigma and ending with double fertilization. We highlight recent advances in the complex regulatory mechanisms involved, including posttranscriptional regulation and transcript storage, intracellular metabolic signaling, pollen cell wall structure and synthesis, protein secretion, and phased cell-cell communication within the reproductive tissues. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Plant Biology, Volume 72 is May 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews. org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Serious games for Parkinson’s Disease management as implemented in PROPHETIC platform

In this paper, we describe the serious games, integrated into PROPHETIC which is an innovating personal healthcare service for a holistic remote management of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. The main objective of the three developed serious games is to allow health professionals to remotely monitor and appraise the overall physical status of their patients. The significant benefits for the patients, making use of this platform, is the improvement of their engagement, empowerment and, consequently, the provision of education about their condition and its management. The design of the serious games was based on the clinical needs derived from the literature and their primary target is to assess and record specific physical capabilities of the patient. All the games scores and the recorded parameters are gathered and also presented to the clinicians, offering them a precise overview of the patient’s motor status and the possibility to modify the therapeutic plan, if required.
Cross-cultural evaluation of the French version of the Delusion Assessment Scale (DAS) and Psychotic Depression Assessment Scale (PDAS)

Background Major depressive disorder with psychotic features (MDDPsy), compared to nonpsychotic MDD, involves an increased risk of suicide and failure to achieve treatment response. Symptom scales can be useful to assess patients with MDDPsy. The aim of the present study was to validate French versions of the Delusion Assessment Scale (DAS) and Psychotic Depression Assessment Scale (PDAS). Methods One hundred patients were included. The scales were filled out by psychiatrists. Data from participants who accepted a second interview were used for inter-judge reliability. The scalability and psychometric properties of both scales were assessed. Results Data from 94 patients were used. Owing to low score variability between patients, the predefined threshold for scalability (≥0.40) was not reached for both scales. Factorial analysis of the DAS identified five factors, different from those of the original version. Five factors were also identified in the PDAS, of which two comprised items from the HDRS and the other three items from the BPRS. Floor and ceiling effects were observed in both scales, due in part to the construction of certain subscales. Unlike the PDAS, the DAS had good internal consistency. Multiple correlations were observed between the DAS dimensions but none between those of the PDAS. Both scales showed good inter-judge reliability. Convergent validity analyses showed correlations with HDRS, BPRS and CGI. Limitations Inter-judge reliability was calculated from a relatively small number of volunteers. Conclusions The good psychometric properties of the French versions of the DAS and PDAS could help in assessing MDDPsy, in particular its psychotic features, and hence improve response to treatment and prognosis.
Interfacial Chemistry Enables Stable Cycling of All-Solid-State Li Metal Batteries at High Current Densities.

The application of flexible, robust, and low-cost solid polymer electrolytes in next-generation all-solid-state lithium metal batteries has been hindered by the low room-temperature ionic conductivity of these electrolytes and the small critical current density of the batteries. Both issues stem from the low mobility of Li+ ions in the polymer and the fast lithium dendrite growth at the Li metal/electrolyte interface. Herein, Mg(ClO4)2 is demonstrated to be an effective additive in the poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based composite electrolyte to regulate Li+ ion transport and manipulate the Li metal/electrolyte interfacial performance. By combining experimental and computational studies, we show that Mg2+ ions are immobile in a PEO host due to coordination with ether oxygen and anions of lithium salts, which enhances the mobility of Li+ ions; more importantly, an in-situ formed Li+-conducting Li2MgCl4/LiF interfacial layer homogenizes the Li+ flux during plating and increases the critical current density up to a record 2 mA cm-2. Each of these factors contributes to the assembly of competitive all-solid-state Li/Li, LiFePO4/Li, and LiNi0.8Mn0. 1Co0.1O2/Li cells, demonstrating the importance of surface chemistry and interfacial engineering in the design of all-solid-state Li metal batteries for high-current-density applications.
In Silico screening of circulating tumor DNA, circulating microRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs as diagnostic molecular biomarkers in ovarian cancer: A comprehensive meta-analysis

Background Ovarian cancer (OC) is a leading cause of death in gynecological malignancies worldwide. Multitudinous studies have suggested the potential of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating microRNAs (miRNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as novel diagnostic molecular biomarkers for OC. Here, we include three updated meta-analysis methods using different molecular biomarkers to evaluate their discriminative value in OC diagnosis. Methods We conducted three meta-analyses after searching different databases, and 23 eligible articles, including 8 concerning ctDNA, 11 concerning miRNAs, and 4 concerning lncRNAs, were found. Further, we pooled data concerning the sensitivity, specificity, and other indicators of accuracy for ctDNA/miRNAs/lncRNAs in the diagnosis of OC. The heterogeneity was further explored by meta-regressions and subgroup analyses, and Deeks’ funnel plots were used to measure the publication bias of these three meta-analyses. Results In all, this meta-analysis included 1732 OC patients and 3958 controls. The sensitivity of ctDNA for OC diagnosis was superior to that of lncRNA and miRNA (84% vs. 81% vs. 78%). Moreover, the specificity and area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of ctDNA were 91% and 94%, which were significantly higher than those of miRNA and lncRNAs (78% and 85%; 78% and 86%, respectively). No significant difference was observed among the two meta-analyses of ctDNA and lncRNA (P > 0.05) with regard to publication bias, while the meta-analysis of miRNA observed a significantly small publication bias (P < 0.05). Conclusion ctDNA/miRNAs/lncRNAs may be promising molecular biomarkers for OC diagnosis. Further large-scale studies are needed to verify the potential applicability of ctDNA/miRNAs/lncRNAs molecular signatures alone or in combination as diagnostic molecular biomarkers for OC.
Analysis of drought and salt-alkali tolerance in tobacco by overexpressing WRKY39 gene from Populus trichocarpa

ABSTRACT WRKY is one of the largest families of transcription factors in plants. It not only regulates plant growth and development but also participates in the regulation of plant defense against biological and abiotic stresses. In this study, research was aimed to overexpress WRKY39 gene of P. trichocarpa (PtWRKY39) and to identify its important role played in drought and saline-alkali tolerance in tobacco model plant. Under the control of CaMV35S promoter, the overexpression of PtWRKY39 gene was increased to more than 10 times in T3 generation of transgenic tobacco plant. The drought resistance and saline-alkali tolerance were evidenced in overexpressed PtWRKY39 transgenic lines at germination/seedling stage. The overall germination rate, fresh weight, and chlorophyll contents of overexpressed lines were significantly higher while the level of malondialdehyde was significantly lower in PtWRKY39 transgenic lines than that of wild type (WT) lines. The content of H2O2 in leaves was detected by the 3, 3-Diaminobenzidine method showed that the overexpression of PtWRKY39 gene could reduce the accumulation of ROS (mainly H2O2) and enhance salt-alkali tolerance. Phenotypic analysis at 7-leaf pot transgenic seedlings stage treated with the saline-alkali soil extract and salt NaCl under root irrigation stress, revealed growth of the transgenic line was significantly higher than that of WT. This work concludes that overexpression of PtWRKY39 gene can improve the regulation of drought resistance and saline-alkali tolerance of transgenic plants during seed germination and vegetative growth.
High‐frequency oscillatory ventilation in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

High‐frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) is an alternative mechanical ventilation mode proposed to reduce ventilator‐induced lung injuries and improve clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of HFOV compared to conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) when used in children with hypoxemic respiratory failure.
Effect of enzymatic pretreatment on the diffusion of sodium hydroxide in wood

The effect of enzyme pretreatment of woods relative to the diffusion of sodium hydroxide was investigated. Enzymes were applied to the sapwood of river birch (Betula nigra), red maple (Acer rubrum), southern red oak (Quercus falcata), Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), sycamore (Platanus occidentalis), and southern pine (Pinus taeda). The diffusion coefficients were measured in the tangential and longitudinal directions for each species. A 6x2x2 factorial experiment was used to analyze the effects of species, diffusion direction, and enzyme pretreatment on the mean rate of diffusion in wood. The diffusion of sodium hydroxide in the tangential direction was increased by at leasts 15% in hardwoods and by approximately 60% in southern pine. Longitudinal diffusion was increased by as much as 110% in the enzyme-treated samples of sycamore sapwood and by 90% in enzyme-treated southern pine. These large differences in diffusion are attributed to the dissolution of pit membranes, which are the main resistance to flow of liquids. SEM pictures revealed the disruption of the pit membranes after enzymatic attack. Application : the key application is in assisting pulp and paper scientist to better understand the effect that enzymes have on improving the transport processes in the sapwood of several species.
Effects of inorganic ions on leachability of wood preserving N'N-hydroxynapthalimide (NHA).

Southern yellow pine sapwood stakes and blocks were treated with the sodium salt of the calcium-precipitating compound N'N-hydroxynapthalimide (NHA) and leach tested for 2 weeks using the American Wood-Preservers' Association (AWPA) standard. Leacheates were measured for NHA using a microplate optical density ultraviolet reader, and leach rates were estimated for tap water, distilled water, and seawater. The percentage of NHA lost from blocks ranged from a low of 5.0 percent for seawater to 26.4 percent for distilled water. Clearly, higher inorganic ion concentrations in the leaching solutions resulted in less chemical leaching of NHA. To further reduce NHA leachability, additional groups of NHA-treated blocks were post-fixed with 2 percent CaCl 2 . With CaCl 2 post-fixation prior to leaching, the percentage of leached NHA was reduced to 4.3 percent for seawater and 12.7 percent for distilled water. Additional stakes were pressure-treated with aqueous NHA concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 2.0 percent and then leached in distilled water. The percentage of release of NHA in 2 percent treated stakes was 9.1 percent in distilled water; in 0.1 percent treated stakes, 31.5 percent NHA was released. We conclude that NHA leach rates can be decreased by precipitation with inorganic ions (such as calcium) and increased concentration levels of NHA during pressure treatment.
PD-L1 signaling on human memory CD4+ T cells induces a regulatory phenotype

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is expressed on T cells upon T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) is expressed in most tumor environments, and its binding to PD-1 on T cells drives them to apoptosis or into a regulatory phenotype. The fact that PD-L1 itself is also expressed on T cells upon activation has been largely neglected. Here, we demonstrate that PD-L1 ligation on human CD25-depleted CD4+ T cells, combined with CD3/TCR stimulation, induces their conversion into highly suppressive T cells. Furthermore, this effect was most prominent in memory (CD45RA−CD45RO+) T cells. PD-L1 engagement on T cells resulted in reduced ERK phosphorylation and decreased AKT/mTOR/S6 signaling. Importantly, T cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients exhibited high basal levels of phosphorylated ERK and following PD-L1 cross-linking both ERK signaling and the AKT/mTOR/S6 pathway failed to be down modulated, making them refractory to the acquisition of a regulatory phenotype. Altogether, our results suggest that PD-L1 signaling on memory T cells could play an important role in resolving inflammatory responses; maintaining a tolerogenic environment and its failure could contribute to ongoing autoimmunity.
Neonatal Brain Response to Deviant Auditory Stimuli and Relation to Maternal Trait Anxiety.

OBJECTIVE Excessive response to unexpected or "deviant" stimuli during infancy and early childhood represents an early risk marker for anxiety disorders. However, research has yet to delineate the specific brain regions underlying the neonatal response to deviant stimuli near birth and the relation to risk for anxiety disorders. The authors used task-based functional MRI (fMRI) to delineate the neonatal response to deviant stimuli and its relationship to maternal trait anxiety. METHODS The authors used fMRI to measure brain activity evoked by deviant auditory stimuli in 45 sleeping neonates (mean age, 27.8 days; 60% female; 64% African American). In 41 of the infants, neural response to deviant stimuli was examined in relation to maternal trait anxiety on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, a familial risk factor for offspring anxiety. RESULTS Neonates manifested a robust and widespread neural response to deviant stimuli that resembles patterns found previously in adults. Higher maternal trait anxiety was related to higher responses within multiple brain regions, including the left and right anterior insula, the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and multiple areas within the anterior cingulate cortex. These areas overlap with brain regions previously linked to anxiety disorders and other psychiatric illnesses in adults. CONCLUSIONS The neural architecture sensitive to deviant stimuli robustly functions in newborns. Excessive responsiveness of some circuitry components at birth may signal risk for anxiety and other psychiatric disorders.
Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak on Emergency Care Utilization in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: a Nationwide Population-based Study

Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted various aspects of daily living and has influenced the life of every individual in a unique way. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with high morbidity and mortality; thus, timely treatment is crucial to prevent poor prognosis. Therefore, an immediate emergency department (ED) visit is required; however, no domestic studies have reported the effect of COVID-19 on ED visits by patients with AMI. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the changes in the pattern of ED visits by patients with AMI by comparing visits during the COVID-19 outbreak period to those during two control periods. Methods This nationwide, retrospective study used registry data of the National Emergency Department Information System. The ‘outbreak period’ was defined as the period between February 21, 2020 and April 1, 2020, while the ‘control period’ was defined as the same time period in the preceding two years (2018 and 2019). The primary outcome of our study was the number of patients admitted to the ED owing to AMI during the outbreak and control periods. Secondary outcomes were time from symptom onset to ED visit, length of ED stay, and 30-day mortality following admission. Results During the outbreak period, 401,378 patients visited the ED; this number was lower than that during the control periods (2018: 577,548; 2019: 598,514). The number of patients with AMI visiting the ED was lower during the outbreak period (2,221) than during 2018 (2,437) and 2019 (2,591). Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a reduction in ED visits by patients with AMI. We assume that this could likely be caused by misinterpretation of AMI symptoms as symptoms of respiratory infection, fear of contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and restrictions in accessing emergency medical care owing to overburdened healthcare facilities. This study sheds light on the fact that healthcare and emergency medical staff members must work towards eliminating hurdles due to this pandemic for patients to receive timely emergency care, which in turn will help curb the growing burden of mortality.
Cyclic voltammerty study of schiff-base ligand and the effect of groups substitutes on potential and electroactivity

The electron transfer process accrue during the applied potential on a series of organic derivative compound. These derivation give us a chance to see the different in potential and activity behavior of these compound during their study, which has followed by using cyclic voltammetry technique wave to explain the chance happen in these different compounds during and after the electron transfer process.
Appropriate Use of Point-of-Care Ultrasonography in Patients With Acute Dyspnea in Emergency Department or Inpatient Settings: A Clinical Guideline From the American College of Physicians

DESCRIPTION The American College of Physicians (ACP) developed this guideline to provide clinical recommendations on the appropriate use of point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) in patients with acute dyspnea in emergency department (ED) or inpatient settings to improve the diagnostic, treatment, and health outcomes of those with suspected congestive heart failure, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax. METHODS The ACP Clinical Guidelines Committee based this guideline on a systematic review on the benefits, harms, and diagnostic test accuracy of POCUS; patient values and preferences; and costs of POCUS. The systematic review evaluated health outcomes, diagnostic timeliness, treatment decisions, and test accuracy. The critical health, diagnostic, and treatment outcomes evaluated were in-hospital mortality, time to diagnosis, and time to treatment. The important outcomes evaluated were intensive care unit admissions, correctness of diagnosis, disease-specific outcomes, hospital readmissions, length of hospital stay, and quality of life. The critical test accuracy outcomes included false-positive results for suspected pneumonia, pneumothorax, and pulmonary embolism and false-negative results for suspected congestive heart failure, pneumonia, pneumothorax, and pulmonary embolism. Important test accuracy outcomes included false-positive results for suspected congestive heart failure and false-negative and false-positive results for suspected pleural effusion. This guideline was developed using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) method. TARGET AUDIENCE AND PATIENT POPULATION The target audience is all clinicians, and the target patient population is adult patients with acute dyspnea in ED or inpatient settings. RECOMMENDATION ACP suggests that clinicians may use point-of-care ultrasonography in addition to the standard diagnostic pathway when there is diagnostic uncertainty in patients with acute dyspnea in emergency department or inpatient settings (conditional recommendation; low-certainty evidence).