Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pituitary Macroadenoma with Apoplexy in an Adult: A Case Report

Abstract: Pituitary adenomas are the most common type and benign tumours arising from hormone expressing cells in the anterior pituitary gland. They account for 10% to 15% of all intracranial masses. Pituitary adenomas present clinically in three ways: syndromes of hormone hypersecretion or deficiency; neurologic manifestations from mass effect of an expanding gland; or an incidental finding on imaging done for an unrelated issue. A 49-years old man, was reffered to the hospital with symptoms of chronic headache and blurred vision. General physical examination revealed no abnormalities. History of previous illness and medication were unremarkable. MRI brain showed hyperintense lesion in suprasellar/selllar area. Hormone assay reciprocally revealed hypocortisolism and hyperprolactinemia. Abstrak: Adenoma hipofisis merupakan tumor jinak tersering dari sel penghasil hormon di kelenjar hipofisis anterior, berkisar 10%-15% dari seluruh massa intrakranial. Adenoma hipofisis secara klinis bermanifestasi dalam tiga cara: sindrom hipersekresi atau defisiensi hormon; manifestasi neurologis dari efek massa yang membesar; atau temuan secara tidak sengaja pada modalitas pencitraan. Seorang laki-laki berumur 49 tahun dirujuk ke rumah sakit dengan kkeluhan sakit kepala kronik dan pandangan kabur. Pemeriksaan fisik secara umum dalam batas normal. Riwayat penyakit sebelumnya atau pengobatan juga tidak spesifik. MRI otak menunjukkan lesi hiperintens pada area suprasellar/sellar. Temuan pemeriksaan hormon juga sejalan menunjukkan hipokortisolisme dan hiperprolaktinemia.
Rot‐free mixed finite elements for gradient elasticity at finite strains

Through enrichment of the elastic potential by the second‐order gradient of deformation, gradient elasticity formulations are capable of taking nonlocal effects into account. Moreover, geometry‐induced singularities, which may appear when using classical elasticity formulations, disappear due to the higher regularity of the solution. In this contribution, a mixed finite element discretization for finite strain gradient elasticity is investigated, in which instead of the displacements, the first‐order gradient of the displacements is the solution variable. Thus, the C1 continuity condition of displacement‐based finite elements for gradient elasticity is relaxed to C0. Contrary to existing mixed approaches, the proposed approach incorporates a rot‐free constraint, through which the displacements are decoupled from the problem. This has the advantage of a reduction of the number of solution variables. Furthermore, the fulfillment of mathematical stability conditions is shown for the corresponding small strain setting. Numerical examples verify convergence in two and three dimensions and reveal a reduced computing cost compared to competitive formulations. Additionally, the gradient elasticity features of avoiding singularities and modeling size effects are demonstrated.
Selective surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy using a polymer-coated substrate

The polymer, poly(vinylpyrrolidone), is investigated as a potential coating for alumina-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. Description for dip-coating alumina substrates with a 5% (w/v) methanolic solution of the polymer is included. Using these polymer-coated substrates, various compounds, including monocyclic aromatic compounds with hydroxyl, carboxyl, and various nitrogen-based functional groups, are detected. Intensity of SERS signals from the polymer-coated substrates in comparison to that of SERS signals from uncoated substrates is demonstrated to be a function of the analyte permeability to the polymer coating. Different enhancement factors are reported for various compounds, such as benzoic acid, isonicotinic acid, and 2,4-dinitrophenol, thus indicating some enhancement selectivity of the polymer coating to various analytes. Using benzoic acid as a test compound, various coating procedures (horizontal and vertical dipping procedures) have been evaluated. The poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-coated substrate is shown to yield a relative standard deviation in SERS signal intensity of approximately 20%. The potential of the polymer-coated substrate as a selective detection probe is illustrated using the analyses of binary mixtures. Finally, the advantages of the polymer coating for protecting the SERS-active layer are also discussed. 29 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.
A Large-Eddy Simulation Study on the Diurnally Evolving Nonlinear Trapped Lee Waves over a Two-Dimensional Steep Mountain

The diurnally evolving trapped lee wave over a small-scale two-dimensional steep mountain is investigated in large-eddy simulations based on a fully compressible and nonhydrostatic model [Icosahedral Nonhydrostatic (ICON)] with triangular grids of 50-m-edge length. An idealized atmospheric profile derived from a realistic case is designed to account for influences from the stagnant layer near the surface, the stability of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and the upper-level jet. First, simulations were done to bridge from the linear regime to the nonlinear regime by increasing the mountain height, which showed that larger-amplitude lee waves with longer wavelength can be produced in the nonlinear regime than in the linear regime. Second, the effects of the stagnant layer near the surface and the ABL stability were explored, which showed that the stagnant layer or the stable ABL can play a similar wave-absorbing role in the nonlinear regime as in linear theories or simulations. Third, the role of the upper-level jet was explored, indicating that a stronger (weaker) upper-level jet can help to produce longer (shorter) lee waves. The stable ABL with a stagnant layer can more (less) efficiently absorb the longer (shorter) lee waves due to the stronger (weaker) jet, so that the wave response is more sensitive to the wave-absorption layer when an upper-level jet is present. Finally, the momentum budget was analyzed to explore the interaction between the upper and lower levels of the troposphere, which showed that the momentum flux due to the upward-propagating waves and trapped waves varies with the upper-level jet strength and low-level stagnancy and ABL stability.
Foraging in Czechia: The nation’s precious hobby

ABSTRACT The article fills the gap in the geographical literature on foraging in a Central and Eastern European context. Its goals are to investigate the extent and character of foraging practice and the population of foragers in Czechia, as well as to uncover what motivates the practice of foraging for non-timber forest products. A mixed methods approach was used in the reported study, which combined the triangulation of data from official statistics, three waves of a representative data survey, and a case study of mushroom pickers in Prague, the capital city of Czechia. The results show that foraging is a widespread practice in Czechia with stable but fluctuating harvest volumes. Czechs gather mainly mushrooms and edible berries. The results also show that foraging is a traditional practice of people with different demographic characteristics and from diverse socio-economic backgrounds, with a myriad of diverse motivations and connotations far from mere economic ones. Strolling outside in the fresh air and in forests is clearly a dominant motive. Thus, the author concludes that foraging in Czechia is far from being limited to livelihood strategies to tackle food insecurity.
Lanthanide-Based Single-Molecule Magnets Derived from Schiff Base Ligands of Salicylaldehyde Derivatives

The breakthrough in Ln(III)-based SMMs with Schiff base ligands have been occurred for the last decade on account of their magnetic behavior, anisotropy and relaxation pathways. Herein, we review the synthetic strategy, from a structural point of view and magnetic properties of mono, di, tri and polynuclear Ln(III)-based single-molecule magnets mainly with Schiff bases of Salicylaldehyde origin. Special attention has been given to some important breakthroughs that are changing the perspective of this field with a special emphasis on slow magnetic relaxation. An overview of 50 Ln(III)-Schiff base complexes with SMM behavior, covering the period 2008–2020, which have been critical in understanding the magnetic interactions between the Ln(III)-centers, are presented and discussed in detail.
Examining the Intrapreneurship Drivers and Strategy: Case Study of Property Services in Indonesia

This study examines the drivers and implementation of intrapreneurship strategy in a property service company. Using a qualitative case study approach, the study interviewed four managers involved in related intrapreneurship initiatives. The data was validated by an expert and a practitioner from a different company. The implementation of the company’s intrapreneurship strategy is limited to improving new ways of working and developing products and services. However, business development and the creation of new business models are still limited. From several intrapreneurship driving factors, it was observed that the company practices are considered adequate with regard to top management support, leadership, flexibility in carrying out work, as well as in fairly harmonious arrangements for ongoing business relationships with the intrapreneurship projects. On the other hand, human resources with entrepreneurial behavior are still minimal. Similarly, the driving factors in reward and training that promote entrepreneurial behavior are also considered to be insufficient. The application of intrapreneurship as a strategy requires understanding and commitment from all parties in the organization. This study provides insight into the Indonesian context and proposes that intrapreneurship initiatives are less likely to succeed if they are not supported by developing a more systematic entrepreneurial mindset, behavior, and culture.
Assessment of against microbial movement of Canthium parviflorum

Conceptual Restorative plants have been utilized for a long time in day by day life to treat infections everywhere on the world. Plants are viewed as dietary enhancements of living life forms as well as customarily utilized for treating numerous medical issues. Prescriptions, for example, quinines are mainstream Against malarial medication acquired from the tree coverings comparatively in the event of aloe the leaves contain a resinous juice with a few glucosides which is utilized as laxative. The goal of present investigation was to act in-vitro hostile to microbial movement and check the Counter bacterial and Against parasitic action of leaf concentrate of Canthium Parviflorum. Oil ether, chloroform, ethanol and watery concentrates of this plant were acquired by soxhlet technique. Every one of these concentrates were tried for the restraint movement against the distinctive bacterial strains i.e., Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens and growths strains like Aspergillus flavus. The phyto-compound screening of ethanol concentrate of Canthium Parviflorum uncovered the presence of alkaloids. This proposes that this phyto-constituent might be answerable for against microbial action
Size-resolved exposure risk of persistent free radicals (PFRs) in atmospheric aerosols and their potential sources

Abstract. Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are a new type of substance with potential health risks. EPFRs are widely present in atmospheric particulates, but there is a limited understanding of the size-resolved health risks of these radicals. This study reports the exposure risks and source of EPFRs in atmospheric particulate matter (PM) of different particle sizes (<10 µm) in Linfen, a typical coal-burning city in China. The type of EPFRs in fine particles (< 2.1 µm) is different from that in coarse particles (2.1–10 µm) in both winter and summer. However, the EPFR concentration is higher in coarse particles than in fine particles in summer, and the opposite trend is found in winter. In both seasons, combustion sources are the main sources of EPFRs, with coal combustion as the major contributor in winter, while other fuels are the major source in summer. Dust contributes part of the EPFRs, and it is mainly present in coarse particles in winter and the opposite in summer. The upper respiratory tract was found to be the area with the highest risk of exposure to EPFRs of the studied aerosols, with an exposure equivalent to that of approximately 21 cigarettes per person per day. Alveolar exposure to EPFRs is equivalent to 8 cigarettes per person per day, with combustion sources contributing the most to EPFRs in the alveoli. This study helps us to better understand the potential health risks of atmospheric PM with different particle sizes.
Dynamic adaptations of the Mesolithic pioneers of Gotland in the Baltic Sea

Mesolithic pioneers reached Gotland around 9200 cal BP and adopted seal-hunting. The subsistence economy was flexible, and the importance of freshwater fish is reflected in the location of settlements and available stable isotope data. Overgrowing lakes provided an important subsistence base, and marine resources were mainly related to raw material needs. The narrower breadth of resources is reflected in the osseous production, where implements were made from seal bones. The lithic technology exhibits local adaptations over time – in the form of a simplification of the technology – that we relate to sedentism and increases in risk management and external networks. IZVLE∞EK – Mezolitski pionirji so dosegli Gotland ok. leta 9200 pr. n. ∏t. in so prevzeli lov na tjulnje. Njihovo samooskrbno gospodarstvo je bilo pro∫no, pomen sladkovodnih rib pa se ka∫e tako v lokacijah naselbin kot podatkih o stabilnih izotopih. Zara∏≠ena jezera so nudila pomembno osnovo pre∫ivetja in morski viri so bili predvsem povezani s potrebo po surovinah. Slab∏e dostopni visi se ka∫ejo v produkciji kostnih izdelkov, ki so bili izdelani iz tjulnjevih kosti. Kamnita orodja pa ka∫ejo lokalne prilagoditve skozi ≠as – v obliki poenostavljanja tehnologije -, ki jih povezujemo s stalnim na≠inom ∫ivljenja in pove≠anjem upravljanja tveganj ter zunanjih omre∫ij.
The Influence of AI-Based Chatbots and Their Design on Users' Trust and Information Sharing in Online Loan Applications

Based on recent advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI), chatbots are now increasingly offered as an alternative source of customer service. For their uptake user trust in critical. However, little is known about how these interfaces fundamentally influence trust perceptions. In particular, it’s unclear what exactly causes perceptual differences - the change towards a conversational interface or the usage of anthropomorphic design elements. In this study, an online experiment with 160 participants was conducted to examine the differential effects of conversational interaction and anthropomorphism on trust in the interface or the provider within the context of online loan applications. The results show that both treatment conditions affect trust in the interface and the provider by increasing perceptions of social presence. Meanwhile, trust in the interface significantly effects the intention to share information, while trust in the provider has no effect on behavioral intention.
Lignin oxidation mechanisms under oxygen delignification conditions. Part 2: Advanced methods for the detailed characterization of lignin oxidation mechanisms

Abstract Advanced analysis methods have been developed to follow the reactions of lignin during alkaline oxygen delignification conditions more comprehensively than before. This aim was attained by monitoring both the lignin macromolecule and the dissolved reaction products. Softwood (SW) and hardwood (HW) kraft spent liquor lignins were studied as substrates under various reaction conditions. The decrease in the contents of different types of free phenolic hydroxyl groups and the concurrent formation of carboxylic acids was followed by 31P NMR of the phosphitylated products. In addition, the formation of acidic degradation products with low molecular weight was determined by capillary zone electrophoresis (CE). This way, it was possible to distinguish the carboxylic acids bound to the lignin macromolecule from the cleaved reaction products, even if they partly co-precipitated during sample preparation. Peak deconvolution was applied to get information on syringyl type phenolic structures and on C(5) condensed guaiacyl structures in hardwood lignin. Pyrolysis-GC/MS was applied to provide additional information about the distribution of guaiacyl/syringyl/p-hydroxyphenyl (G/S/H) type lignin subunits, as well as changes in the phenylpropane side chain.
Production of Activated Carbon from Date Stones by Using Zinc Chloride

Abstract Production of activated carbon from date stones by chemical activation with zinc chloride (ZnCl2) was experimentally investigated using a laboratory-scale fluidized-bed reactor. The effects of process variables, such as activation time, activation temperature, impregnation ratio, and particle size, on the production and quality of activated carbon were measured in terms of adsorptive capacity by iodine number test. An activation time of 60 min, activation temperature of 400°C, impregnation ratio of 0.4, and particle size of 0.71–0.85 mm produced activated carbon with the highest iodine number of 400 and good yield of 44%. Upon this, I have enabled raising the value of iodine number for date stones from 56.3 to 400.
Piezoelectric sensors fabricated by depositing solution-grown ZnO nanorods on flexible graphene-derivative electrodes

Zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO-NRs) with high-aspect ratios can significantly enhance the voltage output of mechanically flexible piezoelectric materials. A versatile chemical synthesis process for growing long narrow ZnO-NR from nanoparticle (NP) seeds by regulating the polarity of reaction solvents is introduced in this paper. The efficient nanorod (NR) growth method produces large quantities of high-aspect ratio ZnO-NRs in the reaction solvent. For ultra-small NP seeds (AVG 10.54 nm, SD 3.69), the synthesis process creates NRs with a minimal lateral growth (AVG 13.92 nm, SD 4.77) and significant longitudinal growth (AVG 150.85 nm, SD 64.93). The average aspect ratio of ZnO-NRs in the solution is ∼10.8 (SD 2.48). Once synthesized, the ZnO-NRs are mixed with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to create a thin flexible piezoelectric layer/film. The composite polymer material is spin coated on an inkjet printed graphene/carboxymethyl cellulose (G-CMC) interdigitated electrode (IDE) to form the piezoelectric layer. A dielectrophoretic alignment technique is then used to reposition the NR orientations in the composite prior to final polymer curing. In this study, three different piezoelectric composites are investigated and compared: polyhedral NPs (ZnO-NP/PDMS), non-aligned nanorods (ZnO-NRNA/PDMS), and aligned nanorods (ZnO-NRA/PDMS). Each composite is deposited on a similar IDE and tested for impact loading and low frequency mechanical bending. Under bending, the NP ZnO-NP/PDMS sensor generated 3–4 mV while the non-aligned NR ZnO-NRNA/PDMS sensor produced 70–80 mV. In contrast, the horizontally aligned NR ZnO-NRA/PDMS sensor generated 150–170 mV under the same bending conditions.
Model Studies on Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation on Graphite Electrodes in Ethylene Carbonate and Dimethyl Carbonate II: Graphite Powder Electrodes

As part of a systematic study on the formation and composition of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), going stepwise from highly idealized electrodes such as highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and conditions such as ultrahigh vacuum conditions to more realistic materials and reaction conditions, we investigated the decomposition of simplified electrolytes (ethylene carbonate (EC)+1 MLiPF6 and dimethyl carbonate (DMC)+1 MLiPF6) at binder-free graphite powder model electrodes. The results obtained from cyclic voltammetry and ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy halfcell measurements – in particular on the effect of cycling rate, solvent and electrode – are explained in terms of a mechanistic model where electrolyte decomposition occurs at the SEI jelectrode interface and where transport of solvent and salt species through the growing SEI plays an important role for explaining the observed change from preferential salt decomposition to solvent decomposition with increasing cycling rate.
Methyl Bromide Emissions from a Covered Field: II. Volatilization

An experiment to investigate the environmental fate and transport of methyl bromide in agricultural fields is described. The methyl bromide volatilization rate was determined as a function of time for conditions where methyl bromide was applied at a rate of 843 kg in a 3.5-ha (i.e., 240 kg/ha) field covered with plastic at a depth of 25 cm. Three methods were used to estimate the methyl bromide volatilization rate, including: the aerodynamic, theoretical profile shape and integrated horizontal flux methods. The highest methyl bromide volatilization rates were at the beginning of the experiment. Within the first 24 h, approximately 36% of the applied methyl bromide mass was lost. Diurnally, the largest volatilization rates occurred during the day when temperatures were high and the atmosphere was unstable. Cooler temperatures, light winds, and neutral to stable atmospheric conditions were present at night, reducing the flux. The total emission calculated using these methods was found to be approximately 64% ({+-} 10%) of the applied mass. A mass balance was calculated using each flux estimation technique and several methods for analyzing the data. The average mass recovery using all the flux methods was 867 kg ({+-}83 kg), which was 102.8% ({+-}9.8%) of the appliedmore » (i.e., 843 kg). The range in the mass balance percent (i.e., percent of applied mass that is measured) is from 88 to 112%. The averaged mass balance percent for the aerodynamic method, which involved using the measured data directly, was approximately 100.8%. The total emission calculated using the aerodynamic method was found to be approximately 62% ({+-}11%) of the applied mass. 29 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab. « less
Mechanical metamaterials with programmable compression-twist coupling

The rational design of mechanical metamaterials has the potential to grant them with properties unattainable by bulk materials. This paper describes twisting mechanical metamaterials (TMMs), a new class of programmable matter whose rationally designed architecture endows them with compression-twist coupling, a property absent in conventional materials. Upon compression, the cellular architecture of TMMs efficiently transforms longitudinal strain into unidirectional or bidirectional twisting—free from mechanical frustrations and independent of the flexible material chosen to fabricate the TMM. TMMs can be rapidly designed using an automated generative algorithm, which enables the tailoring of their twisting properties (up to 3.24° twist per % strain) and Poisson’s ratio (−0.6 to +1.22) using only two design parameters. The scalable architecture of TMMs does not suffer from size effects which impair their twist per unit strain. Bidirectional TMMs autonomously switch their direction of rotation during uniform displacement-controlled compressive loading, conferring them with non-interchangeable compression-twist coupling. The capability of TMMs to controllably convert translation to rotation blurs the boundary between materials and machines, expanding the range of mechanical properties currently accessible to 3D printed materials and paving the way toward the creation of future programmable matter.