Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF GLUCOSINOLATES AND FREE OXAZOLIDINETHIONE IN A LAYING DIET CONTAINING A CONSTANT AMOUNT OF SINAPINE ON THE TRIMETHYLAMINE CONTENT AND FISHY ODOR OF EGGS FROM BROWN-SHELLED EGG LAYERS

An experiment was conducted to study the effect that varying the amount of glucosinolates and free oxazolidinethione (OZT) in a laying diet containing a constant amount of sinapine had on the trimethylamine (TMA) content of eggs and the incidence of fishy eggs from brown-shelled egg layers. Duplicate groups of 10 Rhode Island Red laying hens which had been found to lay fishy eggs when fed a diet containing 10% rapeseed meal (RSM) were fed each of the four experimental diets. The diets consisted of a wheat-soybean-meal-type control diet and three diets to which aqueous extracts of RSM produced from high, medium and low glucosinolate cultivars (Oro, Span and Tower) were added. The extracts were included in the diet at levels of 3.42, 4.4 and 5.0%, respectively, to provide a sinapine content of 0.17%, a level equivalent to that which would result from the inclusion of 10% RSM in the diet. The results showed that the TMA content of eggs produced by the layers fed the diet containing Tower aqueous extract was .
Gravitational water flow enhances the colonization of spinach roots in soil by plant growth-promoting Pseudomonas

Abstract Root colonization by a plant growth-promoting Pseudomonas (H3R strain) was examined to determine whether gravitational water flow affects the bacterial distribution on spinach roots. Firstly, the effect of the amount of irrigation water or soil moisture content on the distribution of the H3R strain resistant to three antibiotics was examined using a rhizobox, Pseudomonas When a large amount of water was irrigated from the top of the rhizobox, the strain inoculated onto the spinach seed was detected in the lower part of the rhizobox. However, when water was supplied from the side of the rhizobox with a sprayer, the Pseudomonas strain could not be detected in the lower part of the rhizobox. Secondly, to visualize root colonization by the inoculated bacteria, Pseudomonas strains were marked with the lux gene. Spinach seeds were inoculated with the lux-marked Pseudomonas strains and grown in a pot. A plastic tube with a hole at the upper, middle, or lower position was buried in a pot. Water was supplied from a hole of the tube. The bacterial distribution on roots was observed based on bioluminescence. Only when water was supplied from the upper hole, did the bacteria colonize the whole root. When water was supplied from the middle or lower hole, the bacteria remained around the seeds. These results indicated that the effect of the gravitational water flow by irrigation is important for the spread of colonization of spinach roots by Pseudomonas strains.
Redescription of Manicocoris rufipes (Fabricius 1787), including nymphs I, II, III, and V (Reduviidae: Harpactorinae: Apiomerini), and its association with Clusia fruits

The genus Manicocoris and its only species, M. rufipes, are described and illustrated, including nymphal instars I, II, III, and V. Descriptions include morphological and morphometrical characters. This article also provides a new record of an association between M. rufipes and the fruits of Clusia grandiflora Splitg. In French Guiana, adult specimens and nymphal instars II and III of M. rufipes were collected within fallen C. grandiflora fruits, where they awaited prey with their raptorial forelegs coated with a sticky fruit-derived substance.
Exceeding Essential Amino Acid Requirements and Improving Their Balance as a Means to Minimize Heat Stress in Broilers

Abstract Response of broilers reared under summer conditions to feeds having essential amino acid (EAA) levels approximating 110% of their expected requirement was examined with both sexes. A commercial-type feeding regimen known to enable favorable performance under optimal conditions represented the control. Environmental conditions were sufficiently hot to depress performance but not cause death. Purified amino acids were supplemented to increase levels of limiting EAA and improve their overall balance without altering existing CP and ME. Live performance was not affected, but abdominal fat removed from the carcasses after processing significantly increased when the 110% level of EAA had been fed. Yield of the carcass without its abdominal fat, incidence of associated defects, and recovery of deboned breast meat were similar between the two dietary treatments. Both sexes responded similarly to the feed treatments. Improved amount and balance of effective amino acid intake likely increased the proportion of productive energy recovered from dietary ME; however, realization was as depot fat rather than as a benefit on live performance or muscle formation.
Spatial Autocorrelation of Genotypes in a Gynodioecious Population of Chionographis japonica var. kurohimensis (Liliaceae)

The spatial structure of allele frequencies for three polymorphic enzyme loci was examined in a gynodioecious population of Chionographis japonica var. kurohimensis. Spatial autocorrelation indices (Moran's I) were significantly larger in the shortest distance class than expected value, indicating that genetic similarity is shared among near-neighbor individuals. Because spatial patterns of the three loci examined showed a similar pattern, and significant linkage disequilibrium was not found among pairwise combinations of these loci, the population substructure detected in this study probably resulted from restricted gene flow because of predominant selfing in the hermaphrodites.
Tree spatial patterns in three contrasting plots of a southern Indian tropical moist evergreen forest

In a primary dense moist evergreen forest of southern India, spatial patterns of trees ≥30 cm gbh were investigated from three contrasting 0.4-ha plots that differed in topography and amount of disturbance due to treefall. Exploratory data analysis is based on second-order neighbourhood and pair-correlation statistics used to describe the degree of clustering/regularity in patterns of all trees, and the degree of attraction/repulsion between young trees and adults. Stochastic simulations from the Markov point process models are then used to fit spatial interaction models. The results show that spatial patterns can be related to particular dynamic processes which depend on both exogenous and endogenous factors: on steep slopes disturbed by many treefalls, spatial pattern displays large clusters which can be interpreted as within-gap regeneration stages of various ages, while in areas undisturbed over a long period, interactions between young trees and adults give rise to spatial patterns consistent with substitution dynamic processes implying standing mortality rather than treefalls. Characterizing forest dynamics through spatial patterns of trees opens up the possibility of mapping structural units that might be considered as elementary functional patches of the forest mosaic.
A Novel Approach to Trustable Data Storage in Cloud Computing

: With the advent of new platforms on computing techniques, the cloud is widely accepted and adoptable environment. Many cloud applications demand ease of use, speed, and fault tolerance over consistency. Though the benefits are clear, such a service is also hand over users physical control of their outsourced data, which inevitably poses new security risks toward the correctness of the data in cloud. In order to address this new problem and further achieve a secure and dependable cloud storage service. We propose in this paper a flexible distributed storage integrity auditing mechanism, utilizing distributed ensure-coded data. The proposed design allows users to audit the cloud storage with very lightweight communication and computation cost. The auditing result not only ensures identification block of errors, but also simultaneously achieves fast data error localization, i.e., the identification of misbehaving server.
The Grass Genera of the World , by L. Watson & M. J. Dallwitz, 1038 pp. Wallingford: CAB International (1992). £75.00 (hardback). ISBN 0 85198 802 4.

book is well illustrated with figures and diagrams. The prose is clear and free from unnecessary technicalities so that it can be read as easily by a poultryman as by a graduate student. For an international audience there are some passages where the viewpoint is perhaps too much centred in the UK; but if an Australian or a Brazilian reader has to skip some bits which are not relevant to poultry keeping in his country, he will still find much to interest him in the rest of the book.
GENOTYPE, SEX AND INTERACTION EFFECT ON LAMB GROWTH TRAITS

The pure breeds and crossing have an important role in production. It is essential in sheep meat production to maintain the genetic diversity of the adapted breeds, pure breeds and their crosses. Objective of the study is to determine the impact of genotype and sex on growth traits of lambs. Results of the study showed that male of all genotypes were dominant on body weight in all ages (from BWB to BW90). The highest birth weight (BWB) got male of genotype 2 (W). The lowest body weight at birth was the female lambs of genotype 1 (P). Body weights at ages 30, 60 and 90 days, male and female of genotype 4 (PxWxF) were dominant among other genotypes. Genotype 1 (P) of both sexes had the lowest bodyweights in all ages (BWB, BW30, BW60, BW90). The result showed better growth efficiency from males compared with females. The results of fixed factors and its impact on body weights of lambs showed very significant effect of genotype (P<0.01) on body weights of lambs at birth (BWB), ages 30, 60 and 90 days (BW30, BW60, BW90). The effect of sex had highly significant effects (P<0.001) on all ages. The interaction between genotype x sex showed a very significant effect (P≤0.01) on body weight at birth (BWB) but were not significant (P≥0.05) on body weights of lambs at ages BW30, BW60 and BW90. Superiority on growth traits of genotype 4 (PxWxF) at ages 30, 60 and 90 days, indicating that three-bred crossing resulted in high growth traits. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR 31053]
Notes on the genus Ruprechtia (Polygonaceae)

The generic synonymy of Ruprechtia is discussed, and the correct lectotype R. ramiflora (basionym: Triplaris ramiflora is established. The description of R. cruegeri is extended. Explanations to the apparent long-range disjunctions of R. jamesonii and R. cruegeri are discussed. For R. jamesonii erroneous label data on a Glaziou collection from Brazil is suggested. Ruprechtia cruegeri might be a true disjunction between Trinidad and Amazonian Peru, or it might be an uncommon and under-collected species with special habitat preferences.
TNFα plus IFNγ induce the production of Alzheimer β‐amyloid peptides and decrease the secretion of APPs

The appearance of inflammatory markers associated with amyloid plaques indicates a state of chronic inflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Multiple epidemiological studies also suggest that patients taking anti‐inflammatory drugs have a decreased risk of developing AD. Here we present evidence that inflammatory cytokines can alter the metabolism of the β‐am‐yloid precursor protein (βAPP). We show that the combination of tumor necrosis factor α and interferon γ triggers the production of β‐amyloid peptides and inhibits the secretion of soluble APPs by human neuronal and extraneuronal cells. The results demonstrate a new mechanism by which inflammatory components can exacerbate the fundamental pathology in AD. —Blasko, I. , Marx, F. , Steiner, E. , Hartmann, T. , Grubeck‐Loebenstein, B. TNFα plus IFNγ induce the production of Alzheimer β‐amyloid peptides and decrease the secretion of APPs. FASEB J. 13, 63–68 (1999)
Living fast and dying young: A comparative analysis of life‐history variation among mammals

Recent comparative studies point to the importance of mortality schedules as determinants in the evolution of life-history characteristics. In this paper, we compare patterns of mortality from natural populations of mammals with a variety of life histories. We find that, after removing the effects of body weight, mortality is the best predictor of variation in life-history traits. Mammals with high levels of natural mortality tend to mature early and give birth to small offspring in large litters after a short gestation, before and after body size effects are factored out. We examine the way in which life-history traits relate to juvenile mortality versus adult mortality and find that juvenile mortality is more highly correlated with life-history traits than is adult mortality. We discuss the necessity of distinguishing between extrinsic sources of mortality (e.g. predation) and mortality caused by intrinsic sources (e.g. costs of reproduction), and the role that ecology might play in the evolution of patterns of mortality and fecundity. We conclude that these results must be explained not simply in the light of the demographic necessity of balancing mortality and fecundity, but as a result of age-specific costs and benefits of reproduction and parental investment. Detailed comparative studies of mortality patterns in natural populations of mammals offer a promising avenue towards understanding the evolution of life-history strategies.
NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN CHILDREN WITH CANCER: COMPARISON OF DEUTERIUM OXIDE DILUTION WITH BIOELECTRIC IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS AND ANTHROPOMETRY

ABSTRACT Objective: To explore changes in the nutritional status of pediatric cancer patients before and after chemotherapy and evaluate the correlation between deuterium oxide dilution, bioelectric impedance analysis, and anthropometry for assessment of body composition. Methods: This study included 14 children (aged 5.6 to 13.6 years) and classified them as having hematologic or solid tumors. They had their body composition analyzed according to deuterium oxide, bioelectric impedance, and anthropometric measurements before the first chemotherapy cycle and after three and six months of therapy. Results: The patients in the hematologic tumor group had an increase in weight, height, body mass index, waist, hip, and arm circumference, subscapular skinfold thickness, and fat mass with the isotope dilution technique during chemotherapy. In the solid tumor group, the children showed a reduction in fat-free mass when assessed by bioimpedance analysis. We found a positive correlation between the triceps skinfold thickness and fat mass determined by bioimpedance analysis and deuterium oxide. The arm muscle circumference correlated with the fat-free mass estimated by bioimpedance analysis and deuterium oxide. Conclusions: Patients with hematologic tumors had an increase in body weight, height, and fat mass, which was not identified in the solid tumor group. The positive correlation between anthropometry (triceps skinfold thickness and arm muscle circumference), deuterium oxide dilution, and bioelectric impedance analysis shows the applicability of anthropometry in clinical practice.
Intellectual Precocity: What Have We Learned Since Terman?

Over the past 50 years, eight robust generalizations about intellectual precocity have emerged, been empirically documented, and replicated through longitudinal research. Within the top 1% of general and specific abilities (mathematical, spatial, and verbal) over one third of the range of individual differences are to be found, and they are meaningful. These individual differences in ability level and in pattern of specific abilities, which are uncovered by the use of above-level assessments, structure consequential quantitative and qualitative differences in educational, occupational, and creative outcomes. There is no threshold effect for abilities in predicting future accomplishments; and the concept of multipotentiality evaporates when assessments cover the full range of all three primary abilities. Beyond abilities, educational/occupational interests add value in identifying optimal learning environments for precocious youth and, with the addition of conative variables, for modeling subsequent life span development. While overall professional outcomes of exceptionally precocious youth are as exceptional as their abilities, educational interventions of sufficient dosage enhance the probability of them leading exceptionally impactful careers and making creative contributions. Findings have made evident the psychological diversity within intellectually precocious populations, their meaningfulness, and the environmental diversity required to meet their learning needs. Seeing giftedness and interventions on their behalf categorically has held the field back.
Independent species in independent niches behave neutrally

The mathematical structure of the two models is summarized in Table 1. The metacommunity composition inside a niche is given by Hubbell’s metacommunity distribution. The model of CP10 imposes the zero-sum constraint, whereas our model does not. Hence, the two models differ only in the sizes of the metacommunity niches. The absolute niche sizes (i.e. the number of individuals in a niche) are infinite in both models; the relative niche sizes (i.e. the fraction of individuals in a niche) are fixed in the model of CP10, and are randomly distributed in our model. This distribution tends to the fixed niche sizes of CP10’s model for high diversity, so that the two models coincide for highly diverse metacommunities. The local community is a sample from the metacommunity, that can be taken with or without dispersal limitation. For both models, the local community SAD inside a niche is given by the Ewens (without dispersal limitation; Ewens 1972) or the Etienne (with dispersal limitation; Etienne 2005) distribution. The models only differ in the niche sizes: fixed in the model of CP10, and randomly distributed in our model. Again, the latter distribution tends to the fixed niche sizes of CP10’s model when the diversity in the local community is high, so that the two models coincide for highly diverse communities.
Vitamins E and C reduce oxidative stress and mitochondrial permeability transition caused by camptothecin – an in vitro study

Camptothecin (CPT), a broad spectrum antineoplastic agent, is known to induce oxidative stress and mitochondria are among the main sources of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). We investigated the merit of vitamins E and C supplementation on CPT-induced mitochondrial alterations in vitro. Following treatment of isolated liver mitochondria with CPT, we assessed the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (MPT), concentration of malondialdehyde, antioxidants and activities of the enzymes of the respiratory chain and Krebs cycle. Our results provide evidence that CPT caused mitochondrial swelling, increased lipid peroxidation and transition of mitochondrial permeability. The CPT lowered the levels of reduced mitochondrial thiols suggesting that thiol oxidation is the mechanism underlying CPT-induced MPT. Identical experiments were also performed after preincubating the mitochondria with vitamins E and C. It was found that vitamins E and C pretreatment inhibited the deleterious effects of CPT and loss of enzyme activity was restored by antioxidant supplementation. Our results suggest that the toxicity of CPT was mediated by an increase in ROS production by mitochondria. However, the addition of vitamins E or C ameliorated the oxidative stress. We propose that an attempt to counteract the deleterious consequences of chemotherapy with nutritional therapies may be a rational approach in superior patient care especially in a disease like cancer.
The SPARROW Surface Water-Quality Model: Theory, Application and User Documentation--Part 1

In an attempt to establish consistency and asymptotic normality for the SPARROW model parameter estimates, we immediately encounter a technical problem. The problem arises in the assumptions needed to extend the number of observations to an infinitely large size. In many applications of a SPARROW model, the researcher will have a prescribed watershed containing a defined reach network. Because the watershed represents a bounded region, the only way in which observations can be extended to infinity is by infilling—that is, increasing the density of measurements within the study area. A hydrologic system is by nature bounded and accumulative, however, meaning the contaminant flux at the outflow of the basin is an accumulation of individual processes within a bounded watershed. It is also true that not all uncertainty in the description of the basin can be resolved at the basin outlet, even if the uncertainty is independent at the smallest scale. As is shown below, the existence of error at the aggregate scale implies asymptotic theory commonly used to justify finite sample estimates is not valid in the context of a finite watershed. To better understand the limitations imposed by a finite basin with aggregate error, we present three examples. Each example is built from a stochastic process that is well defined and statistically independent at the smallest scale, yet leads to non-degenerate stochastic behavior at the aggregate scale. The examples demonstrate that model estimates from finite basins do not converge in probability to a constant, implying the asymptotic properties of consistency and normality do not necessarily hold. The utility of this result is technical; however, the examples serve another purpose—they demonstrate how a SPARROW model arises from a fundamental description of hydrologic stochastic processes. In this way, some light is shed on the somewhat ‘black box’ nature of large-scale hydrologic models. The first example, conceptually depicted in figure 1.20, considers a simple SPARROW model for a single reach of length . In this example, we assume that there are no incremental additions to stream flux T d
Impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on N and P cycling in the root zone

The influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on soil processes is difficult to define, in part because it varies with the plant and fungal geno types as well as with environmental conditions. The influence of AMF on N cycling is just being discovered. This short review examines areas of knowledge related to the nature of the mycorrhizosphere, AMF-microbe interactions, and N and P mobilization in the root zone. The role AMF could play in the root zone in N and P dynamics is presented. The spatial organization of roots and hyphae in soil suggests that AMF may enhance the reabsorption of nutrients lost through root exudation. These fungi influence soil microorganisms and, hence, they may influence biochemical reactions in soil including mineralization of organic matter and nitrification. AMF seem to improve the capacity of their host plant to use organic sources of P and N. AMF might improve the ability of plants to compete with saprotrophs for the uptake of P and N. The impact from this latter effect.