Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
‘Where's our development?’

'WHERE'S OUR DEVELOPMENT? 'Landowner aspirations and environmentalist agendas inWestern Solomon IslandsSimon FoaleINTRODUCTIONIn the late 1980s and throughout the 1990s a number of large, globallyinfluential environmental organisations attempted to encourage Melanesianlandowners to come to a 'compromise' between hands-off conservation andunsustainable 'development', through a variety of 'Integrated Conservationand Development' (ICAD) experiments (Ellis 1997; McCallum and Sekhran1997; Filer with Sekhran 1998:263-77; VanHelden 1998:1-6). The idea wasgenerally to try to lure landowners away from embracing highly destructive -but relatively lucrative - industrial developments, primarily round-loggingoperations, which were, and still are, almost entirely controlled by powerfuland unscrupulous multinational companies. The strategy for gettinglandowners to eschew logging generally took the form of first, convincingthem of the 'value' of the biodiversity that they were saving by not allowingtheir rainforests to be logged, and second, offering various forms of assistanceand incentives for embarking on alternative, ecologically and economicallysustainable development ventures such as ecoforestry and ecotourism. Thedesign of these community-based alternative developments tended to assumethe existence of a certain level of cooperative behaviour - underpinned bycommunitarian attitudes or notions of 'public good' - that are notnecessarily present in the social organisation of these communities. I wish toexamine the values of conservationists and landowners regarding biodiversity,as well as the mismatch between conservationist expectations ofcommunitarianism and some of the social realities I observed while workingwith communities in the Western Solomon Islands.Between April 1999 and May 2001 I was employed by the World WideFund for Nature (WWF - formerly called the World Wildlife Fund) for thefinal two years of a five-year 'conservation and development' project. In1995, the WWF South Pacific Program initiated the 'Solomon IslandsCommunity Resource Conservation and Development Project' (SI-CRCDP,hereinafter referred to as 'the project') in the Western Province of Solomon
DEFENSE AGAINST NETWORK ATTACKS USING GAME THEORY BY TANMAY SANJAY KHIRWADKAR THESIS

As Internet has become ubiquitous, the risk posed by network attacks has greatly increased. Network attacks have been used to achieve a wide gamut of objectives ranging from overloading a website to accessing classified data. Effective defense against such attacks is a critical research area. In this thesis, we demonstrate how game theory can be used to devise effective defense systems. We utilize game theory for defense systems in two scenarios in this thesis. The first scenario is that of the attacker carrying out a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack. The second scenario involves the attacker possessing the ability to carry out a number of different attacks such as Denial of Service (DoS), Dictionary attacks and Portscans. An important restriction imposed in repeated complete-information games is that each player has complete knowledge of the adversary’s payoffs. This assumption is unrealistic when the adversaries are the defense system and the attacker. We employ a Fictitious-Play approach in order to remove this restriction.
DETERMINATION OF AMMONIA, PHOSPHATE, SULFIDE, IRON ANDZINC CONCENTRATION IN THE PRESENCE OF PLANTING MEDIA OFCOCONUT FIBER AND CHARCOAL RICE HUSK IN KALE (IPOMOEAREPTANS POIR) CULTIVATION: THE HYDROPONICS SYSTEM

Hydroponics technology is a system of agricultural cultivation without using soil but using water as a source of nutrients for plant growth. Hydroponics is used to optimize the function of water and space as a medium for cultivation of plants. Hydroponics system was analyzed using completely randomized design with 4 time variations and 5 variations of planting medium with three replications. On measurement of ammonia and phosphate concentration of sample solution dilution was done by using aquades, then measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. For the determination of sulfide concentration, iron and zinc samples were first detected using HNO3 65% and then heated to 200oC until obtained by colorless solution, the sulfide concentration was measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and iron and zinc concentration using atomic absorption spectrophotometer flame (AAS). It has been done known that the sample of fish meal pellets solution experienced the process of maximum concentration reduction on day 30 of the hydroponics system performed. On this 30th day, hydroponic variations of the composition of the medium by using kale plants (Ipomoea reptans Poir) as plants that will help the process of reducing the concentration. In the result of measurement of ammonia, iron and zinc concentration, it was found that most variations of composition of the media with the greatest concentration reduction were medium with coconut fiber (CF) 100% and charcoal rice husk (CRH) 100% compositions, while on phosphate concentration measurement of composition variation CF: CRH=75%: 25% and CF: CRH=50%: 50%. The analysis of sulfide concentration, known that the sulfide content in the solution is below the threshold of <1 mg/L, where the lowest concentration is in media variation CRH: CF=75%: 25%, between (0.506-0.567) mg/L.
0 Forest Structure Retrieval from Multi-Baseline SARs

The vertical structure of the forested areas has been recognized by the scientific community as one major element in the assessment of forest biomass. Dealing with a volumetric object, the remote sensing techniques that are best suited to infer information about the forest structure are those that guarantee under foliage penetration capabilities. One important, widely popular technology used to investigate the forest vertical structure from the above (typically on board aircrafts) is given by high resolution LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) sensors, whose signals penetrate down to the ground trough the gaps within the vegetation layer. In the recent years, however, the attention of the scientific community has been drawn by the use of SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) techniques. As opposed to LIDARs, for which high resolution is crucial, the signals emitted by SARs propagate down to the ground by virtue of the under foliage penetration capabilities of microwaves. This different way of sensing the volumetric structure of the imaged objects determines many peculiarities of SAR imaging with respect to LIDAR, some of which are advantages and other drawbacks. The most remarkable advantage is perhaps the one due to the ability of microwaves to penetrate into semi-transparent media, which makes lower wavelength (L-Band and P-Band, typically) SARs capable of acquiring data almost independently of weather conditions and vegetation density. Conversely, the most relevant drawback is that the three dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the imaged objects requires the exploitation of multiple (at least two, but preferable many) images acquired from different points of view, and hence multiple passes over the scene to be investigated. The aim of this chapter is to discuss relevant topics associated with the employment of a multi-baseline SAR system for the reconstruction of the 3D structure of the imaged targets, with particular attention to the case of forested areas. The first topic considered is the design of a multi-baseline SAR system for 3D reconstruction in the framework of Fourier Tomography (FT), also referred to as 3D focusing. Even though seldom used in practical applications due to poor imaging quality, FT allows to discuss quite easily the design and overall features of a SAR tomographic system, and represents the basis for all of the developments presented in the remainder of this chapter. The next part of this chapter will focus on operative methods the generation of high-resolution tomographic imaging from sparse data-sets. This is the case of interest in practical applications, due to the costs associated with flying a high number of passes and platform trajectory accuracy. T-SAR will be cast here in terms of an estimation problem, considering both non-parametric and parametric, or model based, approaches. Non-parametric 2
Metaprogramming Applied to Web Component Deployment Welf

Metaprogramming is a generic approach described in many articles. Surprisingly, examples of successful applications are scarce. This paper gives such an example. With a metaprogram of less than 2500 lines, we deploy components on the web by adding specific XML-based communication facilities. This underlines the expressiveness of the metaprogramming approach.
Magnetic properties of GaMnAs nanodot arrays fabricated using porous alumina templates

Ordered arrays of GaMnAs magnetic semiconductor nanodots have been fabricated using anodic porous alumina templates as etch masks. The magnetic behavior is studied for prepared arrays with 40 nm dot diameter, 15 nm dot thickness, and 80 nm periodicity. The disklike nanodots exhibit an easy axis for fields applied in the radial direction and a hard axis in the smaller direction. In the radial direction superparamagnetism is observed with a blocking temperature of 30 K. The fabrication technique is convenient for preparing nanodot arrays of compound semiconductors that cannot be formed by self-assembly techniques.
Neural Network Forecasting of the Production Level of Chinese Construction Industry

Increased efforts have been devoted over the past several decades to the development and improvement of time series forecasting models. In this paper, we determine whether the forecasting performance of variables under study can be improved using neural network models. Among the best 10 retained networks, an MLP 3- layer network: 1:1-31-1:1 is selected as the ANN model with the minimum RMSE. The performance of the model is evaluated by comparing it with the ARIMA model. The root mean squared forecast error of the best neural network model is 49 per cent lower than the ARIMA model counterpart. It shows that the neural network yields significant forecast improvements. The gains in forecast accuracy seem to originate from the ability of neural networks to capture asymmetric relationships. This methodology has been applied to forecast the Chinese construction industry (CI). Since CI contributes to GDP considerably, it has an important and supportive role in the national economy of China. The empirical results show that the trend of steadily increasing production levels of CI implies a strong potential for future growth.
The incidence of root rot disease in the nursery of Chrysophyllum albidun

The incidence of root rot disease in the nursery of Chrysophyllum albidun Dacryodes edulis, persea Americana, Irvingia gabonensis and Annona muricala was assessed. Ten fungal pathogen were isolated using serial dilution and pathogenicity tests were carried out on the 5 fruit trees with the 10 isolated fungi. The 5 fruit tree seedlings were then potted in polypots filled with forest soil. The disease organisms were confirmed by Koch’s postulates. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design replicated three times. Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus flavus were implicated as the causal agent of root rot in the 5 fruit trees. The percentage incidences were 39%, 25%, 20%, 9% and 10% for A. muricata, I. gabonesis, P. Americana, D. edulis and C. albidum respectively. The results provide baseline data for management of root rot disease in fruit trees at the nursery.
Fiscal Policy, Wealth Effects, and Markups

We document that an increase in government purchases generates a rise in consumption, the real and the product wage, and a fall in the markup. This evidence is robust across alternative empirical methodologies used to identify innovations in government spending (structural VAR vs. narrative approach). Simultaneously accounting for these facts is a formidable challenge for a neoclassical model, which relies on the wealth effect on labor supply as the main channel of transmission of unproductive government spending shocks. The goal of this paper is to explore further the role of the wealth effect in the transmission of government spending shocks. To this end, we build an otherwise standard business cycle model with price rigidity, in which preferences can be consistent with an arbitrarily small wealth effect on labor supply, and highlight that such effect is linked to the degree of complementarity between consumption and hours. The model is able to match our empirical evidence on the effects of government spending shocks remarkably well. This happens when the preferences are such that the positive wealth effect on labor supply is small and therefore the negative wealth effect on consumption is, somewhat counterintuitively, large.
A New Tube Gastrostomy Model in Animal Experiments

1 Atakan Sezer1, Tamer sağıroğlu1, Elif Çopuroğlu2, Mehmet Ali Yağcı1, Çağatay Oltulu3, Necdet Süt4 1Genel Cerrahi Ana Bilim Dalı, 2Anesteziyoloji ve Reanimasyon Ana Bilim Dalı, 3Deney Hayvanları Bölümü, 4Biyoistatistik Bilim Dalı, Trakya Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Edirne, Türkiye Deneysel Tüp Gastroskopi Modeli / Tube Gastrostomy Model in Animal Experiments A New Tube Gastrostomy Model in Animal Experiments
The Influence of the Menstrual Cycle on Muscle Strength and Power Performance

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the fluctuations of muscle performance in the Smith machine half-squat exercise during three different phases of the menstrual cycle. Thirteen resistance-trained and eumenorrheic women volunteered to participate in the study (58.6 ± 7.8 kg, 31.1 ± 5.5 years). In a pre-experimental test, the half-squat one-repetition maximum (1RM) was measured. Body mass, tympanic temperature and urine concentration of the luteinizing hormone were estimated daily for ~30 days to determine the early follicular phase (EFP), the late follicular phase (LFP), and the mid-luteal phase (MLP) of the menstrual cycle. On the second day of each phase, performance of the Smith machine half-squats was assessed using 20, 40, 60 and 80% of one repetition maximum (1RM). In each load, force, velocity, and power output were measured during the concentric phase of the exercise by means of a rotatory encoder. The data were analyzed using one-way repeated measures ANOVA coupled with magnitude-based inferences. Overall, force, velocity and power output were very similar in all menstrual cycle phases with unclear differences in most of the pairwise comparisons and effect sizes >0.2. The results of this investigation suggest that eumenorrheic females have similar muscle strength and power performance in the Smith machine half-squat exercise during the EFP, LFP, and MLP phases of the menstrual cycle.
LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS INFECTIONS DETECTED BY DIRECT FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY AND POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION LABORATORIJSKA DIJAGNOSTIKA INFEKCIJA IZAZVANIH CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS DETEKTOVANIH DIREKTNOM IMUNOFLUORESCENCIJOM I LAN^ANOM REAKCIJOM POLIMERAZE

Chlamydia trachomatis is the commonest bacterial sexually cause of transmitted disease worldwide. The majority (at last 85 percent) of women infected at the cervix have neither sign nor symptoms, which is the rationale for routine annual screening of young sexually active women. Early correct diagnosis of infection with C. trachomatis is essential to prevent long-term sequelae associated with prolonged infection. Nonculture assays, such as direct florescent antibody staining of direct patient material and enzyme immunoassays, have been replaced by molecular tests called nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), which are currently the tests of choice. Aim: The present study was carried out to diagnose genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection among outpatient women of reproductive age, who took an routine gynecological examination in Military Medical Academy, by use direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Specimens: This study was performed at the Military Medical Academy, in the Department of Gynecology and Microbiology laboratory. Study materials were consisted of 109 samples of young sexually active women on gynecological examination, during August and September 2010. Specimens were endocervical swabs. Results: C. trachomatis was detected in 9 out of 109 samples with DFA, 5 were doubtful and rest of them were negative. PCR for C. trachomatis detected 7 positive and in 18 samples PCR inhibition was detected. On comparing the level of DFA positives with PCR results, we fortified that no one sample which was positive in DFA, was positive in PCR, and inverse. Two of 18 samples that had PCR inhibition, were DFA positive, but 1 of 5 doubtful DFA was PCR positive. Conclusion: Without regard on high percent of positive samples by DFA and high percent of inhibition by PCR, PCR results were more reliable.
EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL REACTION ON DOUBLE DISPERSION HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN NON-DARCY POROUS MEDIA

In this paper, the effects of chemical reaction and double-dispersion on non-Darcy free convection heat and mass transfer fr om semi-infinite vertical surface in a fluid saturated porous medium are investigated. The Forchheimer extension (nom-Darcy term) is considere d in the flow equations, while the chemical reaction power-law te rm is considered in the concentration equation. The first order chemica l reaction (n=1) was used through this study. The thermal and mass diffu sivities; αy and D y are variables defined as u d y γ + α = α and , u d
WHY DO STATES ADOPT INEFFICIENT INSTITUTIONS?: EXPLAINING THE EMERGENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ANTI-CORRUPTION REGIME

Since the mid-1990s, corruption began to be understood as a global problem. In this context, an international regime oriented towards curbing corruption emerged, which led to a large number of countries to adopt its prescriptions, namely: anti-corruption legislation and agencies focused on the public sector. This article proposes a constructivist explanation to this phenomenon, arguing that an anti-corruption culture was strengthen by a set of international bureaucracies, which reproduced and legitimized a discourse against corruption through epistemic communities which linked corruption and underdevelopment. Thus, these bureaucracies fixed the meaning of corruption and diffused a series of specific policies, despite the fact that their efficiency had not yet been proven.
Cross-country evidence on the causal relationship between policy uncertainty and housing prices

This paper empirically examines the causal linkages between policy uncertainty and house prices in a panel of seven advanced countries including Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the UK and the US. We implement a bootstrap panel causality test on quarterly data from 2001Q1 to 2013Q1, which allows us to circumvent the data limitation as observations are pooled across countries. Empirical results provide evidence of a bi-directional causality between real house prices and policy uncertainty, suggesting that high uncertainty related to future economic fundamentals and policies increases house price volatility, which in turn may amplify financial and business cycles. This finding is consistent with individual results for France and Spain, while contrasting with the unidirectional causality reported in the remaining countries. Particularly, support for a unidirectional causality running from policy uncertainty to real house prices is found in Canada, Germany and Italy, while a unidirectional causality running from real house prices to policy uncertainty prevails in the UK and the US.
A mutual gains perspective on workplace partnership: Employee outcomes and the mediating role of the employment relations climate

Recent years have witnessed increased research on the role of workplace partnership in promoting positive employment relations. However, there has been little quantitative analysis of the partnership experiences of employees. This article examines how the kinds of attributions employees make regarding indirect (union‐based) and direct (non‐union‐based) employee participation in workplace partnership might influence the process of mutual gains. It uses employee outcomes to reflect partnership gains for all stakeholders involved (i.e. employees, employers and trade unions). The article contributes to existing knowledge of workplace partnership by examining the potential role of the employment relations climate as an enabling mechanism for the process of mutual gains. The findings suggest mutual gains for all stakeholders are varied and mediated through the employment relations climate.
The Effects of Carbon Nanotubes and Silver Quantum Dots on Gas Exchange in Arabidopsis Thaliana

Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are increasingly being used in commercial products, and may accumulate in soils when the products are disposed. I examined the effects of two common ENPs, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and silver quantum dots (Ag-QDs), on plant gas exchange. To do this, I grew Arabidopsis thaliana in soil (n=36) for 6 weeks and added a CNT suspension at increasing concentrations (10, 30, 90, 150, 190, 250 μg/ ml) each week. I also grew A. thaliana in petri dishes (n=83) containing Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, with a concentration of 4μg/ ml Ag-QDs or 4μg/ml CNTs. I measured carbon assimilation rates, stomata conductance, and transpiration rates, using a LI-6400XT Portable Photosynthesis System. I found that gas exchange in soil-grown A. thaliana was unaffected by CNTs. There were no effects on rates of photosynthesis, transpiration or stomata conductance. There was also no apparent effect on light or carbon fixation reactions. I found that gas exchange in petri dish-grown A. thaliana was negatively affected by Ag-QDs, and marginally affected by CNTs. There was a reduction in photosynthesis rates, but no apparent effects on stomatal conductance and transpiration rates in A. thalian grown with either Ag-QDs or CNTs. The negative effects of the ENPs were directly related to light and Calvin cycle reactions. My research illustrates a model system for examining ENP effects on plants, and demonstrated that if Ag-QDs are disposed of in soils, they can negatively affect plant growth.
HISTOANATOMY OF ECHINODORUS CORDIFOLIUS (L.)

The article comprises investigation of the adventitious root, rhizome and leaf anatomy of an aquatic perennial herb Echinodorus cordifolius (L.) Griseb. (sin. E. radicans (Nuttall) Engel. Alisma cordifolia L. ). The origin of this species is from the wetlands (marshes, swamps and ponds) in Mexico and North America, over Caribian Islands but widespread from Venezuela to Columbia. This species belongs to Alismataceae family, living mostly amphibious (roots, rhizome and leaf petiole). The leaves are emersed, rarely submersed. The flowers are 25 mm wide and have white petals. There are clustered in racemes of 315 flowers. The fruit is a plump. The anatomical characteristics of Echinodorus cordifolius vegetative organs has been described and discussed. In the literature a study into the anatomy of this species almost lack, excepting some systematic studies on this plant.