Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A big laboratory named city

The statement above is written by a Czech educational reformer and the Catholic leader as well in the everlasting classical book entitled The Labyrinth of the World and the Paradise of the Heart on 1623. The bottom line of the book is to show that human being is only a pilgrim in this world. Comenius was under frustration and with his deepest spirituality at that time. He wrote it while in hiding and was exiled from his country Czechoslovakia, in the wake of the Battle of White Mountain. The Brethren weren’t welcome in Bohemia anymore. Of course, Comenius wrote with a cynical edge to it. He wrote of a young man to symbolize himself trying to find his way in the world but what a strange world it was. As a pilgrim he was a stranger in his own land, wandering around in his world, driven by invisible powers.
Tetracycline Resistome of the Organic Pig Gut

ABSTRACT The occurrence of genes conferring resistance to tetracyclines in the organic pig gut was assessed through the metagenomic approach. Of 9,000 bacterial artificial chromosome clones analyzed, 10 were identified as carrying the known tet(C), tet(W), and tet(40) genes, as well as novel genes encoding resistance to the tetracyclines minocycline and doxycycline. The latter are different from the known tet genes and are homologous to genes encoding UDP-glucose 4-epimerases, with the domain structure characteristic for these enzymes. The majority of the resistance genes were associated with putative mobile genetic elements. The sequence of a novel 9.7-kb plasmid carrying tet(W) and tet(40) was also identified. Conserved flanking regions identified around the tet(W) and tet(40) genes in our metagenomic library may play a role in genetic exchange of these genes. This is the first report describing the occurrence of tet(40) outside the human intestine. The maintenance of antibiotic resistance genes in apparently antibiotic-free animals is probably due to their presence on mobile genetic elements, the fitness cost of which for the cell is ameliorated during the previous antibiotic selection.
Energy efficeient interference aware Multipath Routing protocol in WMSN

Automated information gathering in military, industrial, environmental and surveillance applications which requires improved QoS guarantees as well as high reliability is well supported with Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs). In this paper, we propose a more reliable energy efficient multi-path routing scheme for multimedia-traffic. The proposed protocol quickly chooses partial disjoint paths in case of node failure to minimize routing overhead. Hence increases the reliability of the packets reaching the destination with minimum delay. Extensive simulations are carried out to show that proposed protocol achieves an efficient tradeoff among reliability, energy consumption and end to end delay. It provides higher packet delivery ratios and lower routing overheads compared to the Maximally Radio disjoint Multipath Routing (MR2) and Hop Count Multipath routing (HCMR) protocols.
Nosocomial acquisition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by cystic fibrosis patients

During a 4-year period, at least 12 of 40 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) who were newly colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa had acquired it at CF recreation camps, clinics, or rehabilitation centers. After introduction of hygienic precautions at the CF clinic, only a single episode of nosocomial transmission of P. aeruginosa was detected at the CF ward during the subsequent 2 years.
Optimization of Brain T2 Mapping Using Standard CPMG Sequence In A Clinical Scanner

Abstract In magnetic resonance imaging, transverse relaxation time (T2) mapping is a useful quantitative tool enabling enhanced diagnostics of many brain pathologies. The aim of our study was to test the influence of different sequence parameters on calculated T2 values, including multi-slice measurements, slice position, interslice gap, echo spacing, and pulse duration. Measurements were performed using standard multi-slice multi-echo CPMG imaging sequence on a 1.5 Tesla routine whole body MR scanner. We used multiple phantoms with different agarose concentrations (0 % to 4 %) and verified the results on a healthy volunteer. It appeared that neither the pulse duration, the size of interslice gap nor the slice shift had any impact on the T2. The measurement accuracy was increased with shorter echo spacing. Standard multi-slice multi-echo CPMG protocol with the shortest echo spacing, also the smallest available interslice gap (100 % of slice thickness) and shorter pulse duration was found to be optimal and reliable for calculating T2 maps in the human brain.
Protein Kinase A-Mediated Phosphorylation of cMyBP-C Increases Proximity of Myosin Heads to Actin in Resting Myocardium

Protein kinase A-mediated (PKA) phosphorylation of cardiac myosin binding protein C (cMyBP-C) accelerates the kinetics of cross-bridge cycling and may relieve the tether-like constraint of myosin heads imposed by cMyBP-C. We favor a mechanism in which cMyBP-C modulates cross-bridge cycling kinetics by regulating the proximity and interaction of myosin and actin. To test this idea, we used synchrotron low-angle x-ray diffraction to measure interthick filament lattice spacing and the equatorial intensity ratio, I11/I10, in skinned trabeculae isolated from wild-type and cMyBP-C null (cMyBP-C−/−) mice. In wild-type myocardium, PKA treatment appeared to result in radial or azimuthal displacement of cross-bridges away from the thick filaments as indicated by an increase (approximately 50%) in I11/I10 (0.22±0.03 versus 0.33±0.03). Conversely, PKA treatment did not affect cross-bridge disposition in mice lacking cMyBP-C, because there was no difference in I11/I10 between untreated and PKA-treated cMyBP-C−/− myocardium (0.40±0.06 versus 0.42±0.05). Although lattice spacing did not change after treatment in wild-type (45.68±0.84 nm versus 45.64±0.64 nm), treatment of cMyBP-C−/− myocardium increased lattice spacing (46.80±0.92 nm versus 49.61±0.59 nm). This result is consistent with the idea that the myofilament lattice expands after PKA phosphorylation of cardiac troponin I, and when present, cMyBP-C, may stabilize the lattice. These data support our hypothesis that tethering of cross-bridges by cMyBP-C is relieved by phosphorylation of PKA sites in cMyBP-C, thereby increasing the proximity of cross-bridges to actin and increasing the probability of interaction with actin on contraction.
Endoscopic treatment of chronic radiation proctopathy

Purpose of review Chronic radiation proctopathy is a complication of pelvic radiation therapy. The acute phase of radiation injury to the rectum occurs during or up to 3 months following radiation. Acute radiation injury can continue into a chronic phase or chronic radiation proctopathy may develop after a latent period of several months or years. Symptoms associated with the condition include diarrhea, rectal pain, bleeding, tenesmus, and stricture formation. Of the various symptoms, only bleeding from radiation-induced telangiectasias is amenable to endoscopic therapy. This paper summarizes the findings of experts in the field on endoscopic treatment of bleeding from chronic radiation proctopathy. Recent findings Medical management is generally ineffective in controlling bleeding from chronic radiation proctopathy. Surgical intervention has a high incidence of morbidity. Promising advances have been made in endoscopic therapy, including formalin, neodymium/yttrium aluminum garnet, argon and potassium titanyl phosphate laser treatments, as well as argon plasma coagulation. Argon plasma coagulation presents an effective, efficient, inexpensive and reasonably safe noncontact method for destruction of radiation telangiectasias. Summary Based on currently available data and trends, argon plasma coagulation is the favored treatment for bleeding from chronic radiation proctopathy.
Controversial topics in abnormal cervical cytology: "see and treat".

Introduction According to national consensus guidelines, a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) diagnosis on a Papanicolaou test can, with appropriate patient selection, be managed with excisional treatment at the initial colposcopic examination when an ‘‘experienced colposcopist’’ observes findings that corroborate referral cytology. ‘‘See and treat’’ approaches are relatively new and have been surrounded with controversy since their introduction. How is it then that we have guidelines describing its use in these select cases? In today’s healthcare environment, it would appear that cost efficiency is nearly as important as clinical effectiveness to those empowered with allocating ever more precious healthcare resources. Cost considerations are involved in nearly every healthcare decision, and the evaluation and treatment of women with cervical neoplasia is no exception, especially considering that evaluation and treatment of women with this disease comprises a significant proportion of health care dollars spent for the care of women. The purpose of this section is to present the relative merits and concerns with a treatment algorithm that both evaluates (colposcopy) and treats (loop electrosurgical excision procedures [LEEP]) cervical dysplasia at a single visit. Correspondence: Louis A. Dainty, MD, Division of GynecologicOncology,Department ofObstetrics andGynecology, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Building 2, 2 Floor, 6900 Georgia Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20307. E-mail: louis.dainty@na.amedd. army.mil The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense.
Effect of d-Limonene on Three Stored-Product Beetles

Abstract d-Limonene was investigated for contact and fumigant toxicity, ovicidal effects, oviposition-deterrent, development inhibition, and feeding-deterrent activities against three stored-product beetles (Coleoptera): lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.); rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.); and red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Contact and fumigant toxicity decreased as larvae aged. Contact toxicity was similar for adults of the three species tested, but R. dominica was most susceptible to fumigant activity. T. castaneum oviposition decreased as concentration of d-limonene increased and d-limonene reduced oviposition up to 92.3% at the concentration of 2.14 mg/cm2. Hatching of d-limonene-treated eggs of T. castaneum was reduced by 94.5% with no subsequent larval and adult survival at 2.14 mg/cm2 concentration. A flour disc bioassay indicated 87.7 to 96.8% feeding-deterrency by d-limonene toward all three insect species tested at the highest concentration of 60.0 mg/g food. These results suggest that d-limonene can be effectively used to suppress populations of stored-product beetles.
Regulation of Type VI Secretion System during Burkholderia pseudomallei Infection

ABSTRACT Type III and type VI secretion systems (T3SSs and T6SSs, respectively) are critical virulence determinants in several Gram-negative pathogens. In Burkholderia pseudomallei, the T3SS-3 and T6SS-1 clusters have been implicated in bacterial virulence in mammalian hosts. We recently discovered a regulatory cascade that coordinately controls the expression of T3SS-3 and T6SS-1. BsaN is a central regulator located within T3SS-3 for the expression of T3SS-3 effectors and regulators for T6SS-1 such as VirA-VirG (VirAG) and BprC. Whereas T6SS-1 gene expression was completely dependent on BprC when bacteria were grown in medium, the expression inside host cells was dependent on the two-component sensor-regulator VirAG, with the exception of the tssAB operon, which was dependent primarily on BprC. VirAG and BprC initiate different transcriptional start sites within T6SS-1, and VirAG is able to activate the hcp1 promoter directly. We also provided novel evidence that virAG, bprC, and tssAB are critical for T6SS-1 function in macrophages. Furthermore, virAG and bprC regulator mutants were avirulent in mice, demonstrating the absolute dependence of T6SS-1 expression on these regulators in vivo.
Effect of ranolazine in preventing postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing coronary revascularization surgery.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Ranolazine is a new anti-ischemic agent approved for chronic angina with additional electrophysiologic properties. The purpose of the present trial was to investigate its effect in preventing postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after on-pump coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. METHODS In the current prospective, randomized, (1 active: 2 control), single-blind (outcome assessors), single-centre clinical trial we recruited consecutive eligible patients scheduled for elective on-pump CABG. Participants were assigned to receive either oral ranolazine 375 mg twice daily for 3 days prior to surgery and until discharge, or to receive usual care. Patients were monitored for the development of POAF. RESULTS We enrolled 102 patients. Significantly lower incidence of POAF was noted in the ranolazine group compared with the control group (3 out of 34 patients, 8.8%, vs 21 out of 68 patients, 30.8%; p< 0.001). Mean values of left atrial diameter and left ventricular ejection fraction between the control and the ranolazine group were not significantly different. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a protective role of oral ranolazine when administered in a moderate dose preoperatively in patients undergoing on-pump CABG surgery. Future studies based on a wider sample of patients will eventually support our conclusions.
COPD and risk of venous thromboembolism and mortality in a general population

The relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been scarcely studied in the general population. We aimed to investigate the association between COPD and risk of VTE and mortality in a population-based cohort. Spirometry was conducted in 8646 males and females, participating in the fifth (2001–02) and sixth (2007–08) surveys of the Tromsø Study. Incident VTE events during follow-up were registered from the date of inclusion to December 31, 2011. Cox-regression models with COPD stages and confounders as time varying covariates were used to calculate hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals for VTE and all-cause mortality. During a median follow-up of 6.2 years, 215 subjects developed VTE. Subjects with COPD stage III/IV had a two-fold higher risk of secondary VTE compared to subjects with normal airflow (HR 2.05, 95% CI 1.02–4.10). COPD patients, particularly those with stage III/IV disease, with VTE had a higher mortality rate than COPD patients without VTE (50.2% versus 5.6% per year). Our findings suggest that patients with severe COPD may have increased risk of secondary VTE, and that COPD patients with VTE have a higher mortality rate than COPD patients without VTE. Patients with severe COPD may have increased risk of VTE: VTE is associated with a worse prognosis in COPD patients http://ow.ly/Tdd09
Pre-travel preparation for Cusco, Peru: a comparison between European and North American travelers.

BACKGROUND Demographics, preferences on health care, and regional differences in pre-travel advice guidelines may influence the preparation of travelers to developing countries. METHODS A secondary data analysis of the database of a travelers' health survey conducted in Cusco in 2002 was performed. Data from those whose place of residence was North America or Western Europe were selected. Illness rates, vaccinations, prophylactic medication use, and general recommendations on disease prevention were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Data from 1,612 North Americans (NAM) and 3,590 Western Europeans (EUR) were analyzed. NAM were older, stayed longer in Cusco, and had less experience traveling to developing countries (p < 0.01). They reported being ill more often than EUR (58% vs 42%, p < 0.01). Diarrhea was more frequent among EUR (55.6% vs 46.7%, p < 0.01), and acute mountain sickness (AMS) was more frequent among NAM (52.8% vs 35.2%, p < 0.01). EUR sought advice from health care professionals (67.1% vs 52.0%, p < 0.01) and travel medicine practitioners (45.8% vs 37%, p < 0.01) more often. NAM used prophylactic medications more often (53% vs 48.6%, p = 0.00) and received a lower mean number of vaccines (1.97 ± 1.68 vs 2.63 ± 1.49; t-test 14.02, p < 0.01). Advice on safe sex and alcohol consumption was low in both groups, especially among NAM. CONCLUSIONS Pre-travel preparation and travel-related illnesses varied between NAM and EUR. Improving consistency of pre-travel preparation based on the best evidence should become a priority among different national bodies providing travel medicine recommendations.
Different electrophysiological responses of canine endocardium and epicardium to combined hyperkalemia, hypoxia, and acidosis.

To determine whether canine epicardium and endocardium show intrinsically different electrophysiological responses to metabolic alterations that occur during acute myocardial ischemia in vivo, endocardial, epicardial, papillary muscle tip, and Purkinje fibers (PF) were superfused in vitro with Tyrode's solution containing 8.0 DM KC1 at a pH of 6.85 and a Po2 < 50 mm Hg. During the initial 10 minutes of superfusion with altered Tyrode's solution, reduction of action potential (AP) amplitude and dV/dtmax and prolongation of activation times were greater in epicardium than in endocardium or in PF, despite similar changes in resting membrane potential. After superfusion for 15 minutes, only 3 of 18 epicardial and 5 of 16 papillary muscle cells were excitable, whereas 14 of 16 endocardial muscle cells and 13 of 13 PF still were responsive. Membrane responsiveness at takeoff potentials < — 65mV was lower in epicardium and papillary muscle than in endocardium during superfusion with normal or altered Tyrode's solution. The effects produced by the initial 15 minutes of superfusion with altered Tyrode's solution were partially reversed in endocardium and PF but not in epicardium or papillary muscle, during a subsequent 20to 60-minute period of continued superfusion. Tetrodotoxin (1'1'X, 5 x 10" M) depressed AP amplitude and dV/dtm. , more in epicardium than in endocardium. TTX had only a small effect on the upstroke of PF AP, but shortened AP duration by 30-40%. Verapamil (2 x 10~ M) had equivalent effects on endocardium and epicardium. These data indicate that excitability is more easily depressed by a combination of hyperkalemia, hypoxia, and acidosis, and by TTX, in epicardium and papillary muscle tip than in endocardium and PF. Responsiveness of endocardial muscle during exposure to altered Tyrode's solution or TTX may be enhanced by contact with PF. drc Res 46: 814-825, 1980
The Long-Term Effects of Youth Unemployment

Using NLSY data, we examine the long-term effects of youth unemployment on later labor market outcomes. Involuntary unemployment may yield suboptimal investments in human capital in the short run. A theoretical model of dynamic human capital investment predicts a rational “catch-up” response. Using semiparametric techniques to control for the endogeneity of prior behavior, our estimates provide strong evidence of this response. We also find evidence of persistence in unemployment. Combining our semiparametric estimates with a dynamic approximation to the lifecycle, we find that unemployment experienced as long ago as ten years continues to affect earnings adversely despite the catch-up response.
Expression profiles of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in teleost fish provide evidence for its active role in initiation and resolution of inflammation

Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP‐9) belongs to a family of zinc‐dependent endopeptidases. As a consequence of its ability to cleave structural extracellular matrix molecules, mammalian MMP‐9 is associated with vital inflammatory processes such as leucocyte migration and tissue remodelling and regeneration. Interestingly, MMP‐9 genes have been identified in fish, but functional data are still limited and focus on the involvement of MMP‐9 in embryonic development, reproduction and post‐mortem tenderization. Here, we describe the involvement of MMP‐9 in the innate immunity of carp. In carp, MMP‐9 was most notably expressed in classical fish immune organs and in peritoneal and peripheral blood leucocytes, indicating a role of MMP‐9 in immune responses. In our well‐characterized zymosan‐induced peritonitis model for carp, we analysed expression of the MMP‐9 gene and the gelatinolytic levels of both pro‐ and activated forms of MMP‐9. The biphasic profile of MMP‐9 mRNA expression indicated involvement during the initial phase of inflammation and during the later phase of tissue remodelling. Also, in vitro stimulation of carp phagocytes with lipopolysaccharide or concanavalin A increased MMP‐9 gene expression, with a peak at 24 hr. The increase of MMP‐9 mRNA correlated with the peak of MMP‐9 gelatinolytic level in culture supernatants. These results provide evidence for an evolutionarily conserved and relevant role of MMP‐9 in the innate immune response.
Murine CD4+ T‐Cell Subsets

CDA"*^ T cells play a principal role in the regulation of a variety of immune responses. In an effort to delineate functionally distinct CD4'^ T cells, recent findings of phenotypic heterogeneity in this population from several species (Beverley & Callard 1981. Bottomly et al. 1989, Mackay et al. 1990, Morimoto et al. 1985a, 1985b, Spickett et al. 1983, Swain 1983) have attracted considerable attention. Since lymphokines could largely determine effector function (Cher & Mosmann 1987, Mosmann & Coffmann 1989, Paul 1989). these studies have also involved extensive investigation of cellular and molecular mechanisms for generating CD4^ T cells with distinct lymphokine profiles. In this review, we focus on our studies in the murine system and present our current understanding of the four CD4'*' T-cell subpopulations defined by 6C10 and 3G11 expression (Hayakawa & Hardy 1988) in relation to cell differentiation and maturation. We emphasize here our results suggesting that CD4^ T cells from the thymus progress further in the periphery to a stage of functional competence as primary T cells. Our data also reveal the presence of memory T cells which can be resolved from primary T cells by altered expression of certain cell surface molecules and by production of distinctive lymphokines.
A Network Mobility Management Architecture for IPv4 and IPv6 Environments

The current design of network mobility (NEMO) basic protocols doesn't provide the compatibility between networks of different versions. However, we need the scheme supporting seamless mobility between IPv4 and IPv6 networks because the coexistence between the two networks is expected in future Internet. So, in this paper, we propose a new architecture for the network mobility through a tunnel agent (TA) managing NEMO tunnels when a mobile router (MR) moves from IPv6 to IPv4 networks.
Eesti viipekeele õpiprogramm

In the process of writing this Bachelor’s Thesis, an Estonian signlanguage studyprogram was created. The program allows the user to learn Estonian signlanguage through web based games. The Thesis describes deafness, sign language, fingerspelling and differend programs for learning sign languages. In the last part of the thesis is described the created program, its algorithm, tehnical solutions, testing results and ways for development opportunities.