Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Soluble and Solid Organic Matter Effects on Atrazine Adsorption in Cultivated Soils

Soil organic matter can be divided into solid (SOM) and water-dissolved (DOM) fractions; both of which can associate with herbicides. The objective was to examine the effects of DOM in applied solutions on atrazine adsorption in soil containing various SOM contents. A sandy loam with low (0.14%, Soil L), medium (1.2%, Soil M), or high (6.7%, Soil H) total organic matter, and artificial soil (Soil A) with no organic matter were used. These soils were treated with several different atrazine concentrations, dried, and extracted with water; the DOM concentrations in these extracts were 0, 10.1, 41.1, and 156.5 mg L -1 , respectively. These extracts and the untreated soils were used in batch experiment. The distribution coefficients (K d ) for atrazine of Soils L, M, and H under mixing with Soil A extract were 0.19, 0.52, 2.51, respectively, indicating that the higher the SOM content, the higher the atrazine affinity to the soil solid phase. The effects of the DOM concentration on atrazine adsorption were estimated from the ratios (Rd) between the K d for applied solution with no DOM and those for applied solutions containing DOM. R d > 1 indicates that the DOM decreases the herbicide adsorption. The R d values for Soils L, M, and H, each soil mixed with its extract, were 2.68,1.93, and 1.07, respectively. In contrast, in the case where the soil was mixed with a solution that contained a higher DOM concentration than the soil extract, an increase in the DOM concentration in the applied solution decreased the R 4 value. This was probably because of adsorption of DOM-atrazine complexes on the SOM.
Evaluation of the Storage Conditions and Type of Cork Stopper on the Quality of Bottled White Wines

The effects of different storage conditions, light exposure, temperature and different commercially available cork stoppers on the phenolic, volatile and sensorial profile of Verdejo wines were studied. Two natural corks of different visual quality and a microgranulated cork stopper were investigated over one year at two different storage conditions. One simulating light exposure and temperature in retail outlets and the other simulating optimal cellar conditions (darkness and 12 °C). The wines stored under commercial conditions showed greater losses of total and free SO2 and higher levels of brown-yellowish tones, related to the oxidation of flavan-3-ols. Although these wines underwent a decrease in the total content of stilbenes, a significant increase in trans-piceid was observed. In addition, these wines suffered important changes in their volatile and sensory profile. Volatile compounds with fruity and floral aromas decreased significantly, while volatile compounds related to aged-type characters, as linalool oxides, vitispirane, TDN or furan derivatives increased. Wines stored in darkness at 12 °C underwent minor changes and their sensory profiles were similar to wine before bottling. The high-quality natural corks and microgranulated corks better preserved the quality of the white wines from a sensory point of view. These results showed that temperature and light exposure conditions (diffuse white LEDs and 24 ± 2 °C) in retail outlets considerably decrease the quality of bottled white wines and, consequently, their shelf life, due to the premature development of aged-type characters.
A Low-Resources TDC for Multi-Channel Direct ToF Readout Based on a 28-nm FPGA

In this paper, we present a proposed field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based time-to-digital converter (TDC) architecture to achieve high performance with low usage of resources. This TDC can be employed for multi-channel direct Time-of-Flight (ToF) applications. The proposed architecture consists of a synchronizing input stage, a tuned tapped delay line (TDL), a combinatory encoder of ones and zeros counters, and an online calibration stage. The experimental results of the TDC in an Artix-7 FPGA show a differential non-linearity (DNL) in the range of [−0.953, 1.185] LSB, and an integral non-linearity (INL) within [−2.750, 1.238] LSB. The measured LSB size and precision are 22.2 ps and 26.04 ps, respectively. Moreover, the proposed architecture requires low FPGA resources.
Stromal Protein-Mediated Immune Regulation in Digestive Cancers

Simple Summary Solid cancers are surrounded by a network of non-cancerous cells comprising different cell types, including fibroblasts, and acellular protein structures. This entire network is called the tumor microenvironment (TME) and it provides a physical barrier to the tumor shielding it from infiltrating immune cells, such as lymphocytes, or therapeutic agents. In addition, the TME has been shown to dampen efficient immune responses of infiltrated immune cells, which are key in eliminating cancer cells from the organism. In this review, we will discuss how TME proteins in particular are involved in this dampening effect, known as immunosuppression. We will focus on three different types of digestive cancers: pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, and gastric cancer. Moreover, we will discuss current therapeutic approaches using TME proteins as targets to reverse their immunosuppressive effects. Abstract The stromal tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of immune cells, vascular and neural structures, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), as well as extracellular matrix (ECM), and favors immune escape mechanisms promoting the initiation and progression of digestive cancers. Numerous ECM proteins released by stromal and tumor cells are crucial in providing physical rigidity to the TME, though they are also key regulators of the immune response against cancer cells by interacting directly with immune cells or engaging with immune regulatory molecules. Here, we discuss current knowledge of stromal proteins in digestive cancers including pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, and gastric cancer, focusing on their functions in inhibiting tumor immunity and enabling drug resistance. Moreover, we will discuss the implication of stromal proteins as therapeutic targets to unleash efficient immunotherapy-based treatments.
Assessing the Security of Campus Networks: The Case of Seven Universities

The network security situation of campus networks on CERNET (China Education and Research Network) has received great concern. However, most network managers have no complete picture of the network security because of its special management and the rapid growth of network assets. In this investigation, the security of campus networks belonging to seven universities in Wuhan was investigated. A tool called “WebHunt” was designed for campus networks, and with its help, the network security risks were found. Differently from existing tools for network probing, WebHunt can adopt the network scale and special rules of the campus network. According to the characteristics of campus websites, a series of functions were integrated into WebHunt, including reverse resolution of domain names, active network detection and fingerprint identification for software assets. Besides, WebHunt builds its vulnerability intelligence database with a knowledge graph structure and locates the vulnerabilities through matching knowledge graph information. Security assessments of seven universities presents WebHunt’s applicability for campus networks. Besides, it also shows that many security risks are concealed in campus networks, such as non-compliance IP addresses and domain names, system vulnerabilities and so on. The security reports containing risks have been sent to the relevant universities, and positive feedback was received.
Predictive Value of Subacute Heart Rate Variability for Determining Outcome Following Adolescent Concussion

Objective assessments of concussion recovery are crucial for facilitating effective clinical management. However, predictive tools for determining adolescent concussion outcomes are currently limited. Research suggests that heart rate variability (HRV) represents an indirect and objective marker of central and peripheral nervous system integration. Therefore, it may effectively identify underlying deficits and reliably predict the symptomology following concussion. Thus, the present study sought to evaluate the relationship between HRV and adolescent concussion outcomes. Furthermore, we sought to examine its predictive value for assessing outcomes. Fifty-five concussed adolescents (12–17 years old) recruited from a local sports medicine clinic were assessed during the initial subacute evaluation (within 15 days postinjury) and instructed to follow up for a post-acute evaluation. Self-reported clinical and depressive symptoms, neurobehavioral function, and cognitive performance were collected at each timepoint. Short-term HRV metrics via photoplethysmography were obtained under resting conditions and physiological stress. Regression analyses demonstrated significant associations between HRV metrics, clinical symptoms, neurobehavioral function, and cognitive performance at the subacute evaluation. Importantly, the analyses illustrated that subacute HRV metrics significantly predicted diminished post-acute neurobehavioral function and cognitive performance. These findings indicate that subacute HRV metrics may serve as a viable predictive biomarker for identifying underlying neurological dysfunction following concussion and predict late cognitive outcomes.
Burnout among Probation Officers in Poland and the Role of Preferred Styles of Coping with Stress

The current article examined the relationship between preferred styles of coping with stress and occupational burnout among probation officers in Poland. The probation system in Poland is unique in comparison to similar organizations in Europe and the world. It is characterized by two separate specializations in the area of performed tasks: probation officers for adults and for family and juvenile clients. The main purpose of the study was to assess the relationship between occupational burnout levels among probation officers (n = 390) and their preferred styles of coping with stress. Two psychological tools were used in the study: the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS). A linear regression analysis was carried out to explain the variance in occupational burnout. Occupational burnout was the dependent variable and the CISS scales were the predictors. In order to test the moderating role of the sociodemographic factors of gender, work experience, age, and probation specialization in the relationship between coping styles and occupational burnout, a range of moderation analyses using Hayes’ PROCESS macro on SPSS was carried out.
Rapid Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Exploiting the Reducing Potential of Trapa bispinosa Peel Extract

Present work reports exceptionally high reducing capacity of Trapa bispinosa to synthesize monodispersed silver nanoparticles (SNPs) within 120 seconds at 30°C which is the shortest tenure reported for SNP synthesis using plants. Moreover, we also instigated impact of different pH values on fabrication of SNPs using visible spectroscopy with respect to time. Percentage conversion of Ag
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoparticles of Magnesium Oxide (MgO)

Composite-hydroxide-mediated (CHM) method is used to prepare magnesium oxide, in this preparation magnesium chloride (MgCl2) salt is used with specific ratios of Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and Potassium hydroxide (KOH) and the whole reaction done in a vacuum less muffle furnace, firstly the product was obtained is magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2. We annealed this product at different temperatures to discuss the percentage composition of magnesium oxide in magnesium hydroxide and also discuss the temperature at which magnesium hydroxide is completely converted in magnesium oxide. For indirect prepared magnesium oxide we discussed, Grain size, Structure, Miller indices, Lattice constant, Strain, Dislocation density and Density using XRD technique and also discussed Grain size, Absorbance, Reflectance, Transmission, band gap and conductance using UV-visible technique and for accurate size estimation we used SEM technique.
EFFECT OF PRESERVATION METHODS AND STORAGE ON NUTRITIONAL QUALITY AND SENSORY PROPERTIES LEAFY VEGETABLES CONSUMED IN NIGERIA

In Nigeria, leafy vegetables are preserved by sund rying and used like freshly harvested vegetables in soups. An experiment to investigate the effect of different drying methods on the nutritional quality and sensory qualities of leafy vegetable (Celosia argentea, fluted pumpkin leaf (Telfaria accidentalis) and waterleaf (Talinum triangulare) was conducted. The leafy vegetables were washed, shredded, weighed and divided into four equal parts. one part (1kg) was subjected to sun drying for 5 hrs daily for 2 days, while the other three parts(1kg each) was subjected to blanching, cooking and oven drying at a temperature of 45 0 C until constant was attained. The dried leafy vegetables (sundried and ovendried) were milled into coarse using hand milling machine. Samples (250g each) of fresh (raw), sundried, oven� dried, blanched and cooked vegetables were used separately to prepared soup for 5min in soups. K, Fe, Na, Mg and Ca were the predominant mineral elements analyzed. Sun drying caused significant (P ≤ 0.05) reductions in the K, Na, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, and P contents of the vegetables and accounted for 44.8�47.1% loss of vit amin C while oven drying accounted for 36.8-39.6% respectively. Among the treatments, cooking accounted for 64.3-67.5% loss of vitamin C while blanching and sun drying accounted for 44.8�47.1% and 36.8-39.6% respectively. Panelists rated the soups significantly (P≤ 0.05) higher for colour, taste, texture, flavour and overall acceptability. Fresh fluted pumpkin soup was rated significantly (P≤ 0.05) higher for colour, taste, texture and flavour characteristics, while fresh water leaf vegetable soup was highly rated for taste, flavour and overall acceptability. When compared with other dried vegetable soups, dried water leaf vegetable soup had the highest score for flavour and taste while dried fluted pumpkin soup had the highest score for colour and
Synthesis of water-soluble polyamidoamines for biomedical applications: part 1: carboxyl-functionalized polymers as potential drug carriers

Building up on established polymerization chemistry involving a Michael addition mechanism, polyamidoamines are prepared from methylenebisacrylamide, 4-(3-aminopropyl)morpholine, and the amino acids ~­ alanine or glycylglycine as comonomers. The polymerization runs are conducted in aqueous medium or, less efficaciously, in ethanolic or N, N-dimethylformamide solvents, preferably over 2-4 days at 65-70°C. The product polymers, fractionated and purified by aqueous-phase dialysis in 3500 and 12000 molecular-mass cut-off membrane tubing, are isolated by freeze-drying in ultimate yields of 45-60% as water-soluble solids possessing inherent viscosities of 10-15 ml g-l. No yield or viscosity increases are observed in experiments in which the heating period is extended to 7 -8 days. The expected structures (1) and (2), featuring carboxyl-terminated side groups, are corroborated by elemental analysis and spectroscopic data. The suitability of the carboxyl functions for reversible drug binding is demonstrated by conjugation experiments in which 2-phenylethylamine as a representative drug model is coupled to the polyamidoamines (1) and (2) (y = 0,33 x) through amide bond formation. The resulting conjugates retain solubility in aqueous media as long as the degree of amidation of available carboxyl functions does not exceed 5075%.
Implementation complexity of physical processes as a natural extension of computational complexity

The theory of computational complexity in computer science investigates the time and space resources required to solve a computational problem. We show that an analogous complexity theory can be developed for quantum control problems which do not stem from computational problems. First we use the same mathematical concept to show similar lower bounds on the complexity of the following tasks:
Free energy of hydrophobic hydration: A molecular dynamics study of noble gases in water

The potential utility and limitations of two methods to determine free energy differences from molecular dynamics simulations (MD) are studied. The computation of the free energy of hydration of the inert gases serves as a simple but illustrative example. Good results are obtained for the inert gases from a perturbation treatment, using a reference ensemble obtained from a MD simulation of a cavity in water, if these atoms are comparable in size to the cavity and the calculated free energy differences are small. This limits the applicability of the perturbation treatment of a small number of cases. Larger free energy differences can be obtained with reasonable accuracy from MD simulations with continuously changing interaction parameters. This integration method is more generally applicable, but makes an additional simulation necessary.
Root Uptake and Xylem Translocation of Pesticides from Different Chemical Classes

A pressure-chamber technique was used to study the root uptake and xylem translocation of some fungicides, herbicides and an insecticide from different chemical classes in detopped soybean roots. Physiological parameters such as K + leakage from roots, K + concentrations in the xylem sap, and protein and ATP levels in the root cells were measured so as to evaluate any potential damage of this technique to the root system. HPLC was used to quantify the compounds in the xylem sap. The pressure-chamber technique has proved useful to study the root uptake and translocation of pesticides, does not damage the root system, and allows one to obtain appreciable volumes of xylem sap that can be analysed directly by HPLC, thus avoiding dependence on the availability of radio-labelled compounds. The concentration of each pesticide in the xylem sap showed a steady-state kinetic profile. Non-linear regression analysis was used to calculate the steady-state concentration and the time required to achieve 50% of the steady-state concentration (TSSC 50 ). TSSC 50 was well correlated with log K ow ; the more lipophilic the compound the more time was required to reach the steady-state concentration. The efficiency of translocation was assessed by the transpiration stream concentration factor (TSCF) and a non-linear relationship between TSCF and log K ow was observed. The highest TSCF values were measured for those compounds with log K ow values around 3, a lipophilicity value similar to that reported earlier in an analogous experiment with detopped soybean plants but slightly higher than that reported in earlier experiments with intact barley plants. Lower TSCF values were obtained with chemicals with log K ow values below as well as above 3.
Comparative Study on Decomposition Rate Constants for Some Alkoxyamines

The decomposition rate constants k dec as well as the activation rate constants k act of some alkoxyamines were determined and compared with regard to their structures. The results showed that decomposition depends predominantly on steric factors, while both steric and polar factors affect k act . Bulky nitroxides are less susceptible to decomposition probably due to the sterically congested transition state in this reaction. Mechanistically, decomposition was demonstrated to occur bimolecularly. (Namely, the unimolecular pathway is insignificant.) It was also found that alkoxyamines have more chances to undergo decomposition at the deactivation stage than at the activation stage.
FT-IR Profile and Antiradical Activity of Dehulled Kernels of Apricot, Almond and Pumpkin.

The objective of this study was to evaluate antiradical activities of methanol and 50% aqueous methanol extracts of dehulled kernels of almond, apricot and pumpkin. All the extracts showed 2,2-diphenyl-1picryhydrazyl, superoxide anion, and nitric oxide radicals scavenging activities. The activities of the methanol extracts were higher than 50% aqueous-methanol extracts. HPLC analysis of the extracts shows the presence caffeic acid and vanillic acid in apricot extracts but not in almond extracts. Vanillic acid was detected in the extracts of pumpkin seed but caffeic acid was not detected. Infrared profiles of dehulled kernel samples showed hydroxyl, aromatic and carboxylic esteric groups.
Cyclization Rates for Two Points in the Interior of a Polymer Chain

The fluorescence spectra and decay curves of a series of poly(ethylene glycols), EOx-Py-EO87-Py-EOx, were obtained in dilute solution. These pyrene-labeled polymers have a central chain of 87 (number average) monomer units separating the two pendant pyrene groups and two flanking end chains of equal length, x, where x = 2, 12, 17, or 47 (number average) monomer units. In toluene, tetrahydrofuran, and benzene, small decreases in the cyclization rates of these polymers were observed with increasing length of the end chains. The rate of ring opening in the chain interior was found to be twice as fast as ring opening at the chain ends. These results are consistent with theoretical predictions of interior cyclization and the effects of excluded volume, respectively. Rates of end-to-end cyclization were found to be slower than expected by comparison to the rates of interior cyclization. Also, dilute solutions of interior-labeled polymer show small amounts of pyrene dimers which are preassociated intramolecularl.
Dissolved Hydrocarbons andRelated Microflora inaFjordal Seaport: Sources, Sinks, Concentrations, andKinetics

Thecontinuous addition oftoluene asasolute oftreated ballast waterfromoil tankers into a well-defined estuary facilitated thestudyofthedynamics of dissolved hydrocarbon metabolism inseawater. Mostrates oftoluene oxidation were intherangeof1to30pg/liter perhat0.5,goftoluene perliter. Nearthe ballast waterinjection point, alayer ofwarm ballast water, richinbacteria, that was trapped belowtheless-dense freshsurface waterwas located. Toluene residence times were approximately 2weeksinthislayer, 2yearselsewhere in PortValdez, and2decades inthesurface waterofa more oceanic receiving estuary adjacent. Mixing was adequate for asteady-state treatment whichshowed that98%ofthetoluene was flushed fromPortValdezbefore metabolism and gave a steady-state concentration of0.18jig/liter. Totalbacterial biomass from direct counts andorganism size data was usuallynear0.1mg/liter, butranged up to0.8mg/liter inthebacteria-rich layer. Theorigin ofbacteria inthislayer was traced togrowth inoiltanker ballast during shipments. Thebiomass oftoluene oxidizers inwatersamples was estimated fromtheaverageaffinity ofpure-culture isolates fortoluene (28liters pergofcellsperh)andobserved toluene oxidation kinetics. Values ranged fromnearly allofthetotal bacterial biomass within the bacteria-rich layer downto0.2%atpoints farremoved. Because thepopulation of toluene oxidizers was large withrespect totheamountoftoluene consumed and because waterfromanearby nonpolluted estuary was equallyactive infacilitating toluene metabolism, we searched foran additional hydrocarbon source.Itwas foundthatterpenes couldbewashedfromsprucetreesbysimulated rainfall, whichsuggested thatriparian conifers provide an additional andsignificant hydrocarbon sourcetoseawater. Natural watersystems areusually subsaturatedinnonpolar, low-molecular-weight