Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How can imitation counterbalance innovation? An ABM Bass model for competing products

The general context of this paper is the Bass model which presented a theory of the adoption of new products. We propose an agent based modelling to allow to model the respective grow of competing products. We assume that there is competition for the same market among two trademarks: each one has its own rate of spontaneous innovation and its own rate of imitation. This paper deals with the relative weight of these competing behaviours on the global dynamics; in particular, we ask the question of the equivalence between mass media influence and word-of-mouth effect.
80–100GHz sub-harmonically and fourth-harmonically pumped doide mixers using 0.1µm GaAs pHEMT process

80-100GHz sub-harmonically pumped(SHP) and fourth-harmonic pumped (FHP)mixers are designed for point-to-point(P2P) communications. They are fabricated on a 2-mil 0. 1μm GaAs pHEMT process. From measured results, SHP mixer shows conversion loss of 9.5 ~ 11dB and input P1dB of +2dBm with LO signal of 40 ~ 44GHz. FHP mixer has conversion loss of 16 ~ 17dB and input P1dB of -2dBm with LO signal of 20 ~ 23GHz.
Seliciclib, a cell-cycle modulator that acts through the inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases

Seliciclib is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases 2, 7 and 9. Its primary mechanism of action is the inhibition of transcription, resulting in the selective downregulation of rapidly cycling mRNA transcripts, including Mcl-1 and cyclin D1. It possesses antitumour activity as a single agent and also synergises with a wide range of cytotoxic and targeted drugs. Seliciclib has high oral bioavailability and is in clinical development in a capsule formulation. The clinical dose has been determined in Phase I clinical trials for schedules of 3 – 10 consecutive days per cycle of 2 or 3 weeks duration. Its major clinical toxicities include nausea, vomiting, asthenia, hypokalaemia, elevation of creatinine levels and liver function tests, which are reversible after cessation of dosing. Seliciclib is non-myelosuppressive and does not cause intestinal toxicity. Phase II trials have commenced in non-small cell lung cancer and will be initiated shortly in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
An Approach of an Idea Management Platform to Improve the Innovation Process

While innovation and creativity are critical to an organization‟s success, it cannot be forced or even created only by top company executives or dedicated innovation teams. Instead, the appropriate environment and processes need to be crafted, so that an employee‟s innate creativity is naturally forthcoming. This paper presents a project that was developed in order to promote the human capital of an entity or organization through individual dissemination of ideas whose context is to improve processes, reduce costs, increase efficiency or to simplify administration and bureaucracy. The platform provides to all employees of an organization the opportunity to express their ideas publicly. The ideas are anonymously approved a priori and the adopted voting process follows the methodology of Likert.
Effects of coping style and negative body image on eating disturbance.

OBJECTIVE Relationships among coping strategies, negative body image, and eating disturbance were studied. METHOD Subjects were 128 college women; measures included the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS), and three indices of negative body image. RESULTS Higher use of both emotion-oriented coping and avoidance-oriented coping via distraction was associated with higher EAT scores; higher use of emotion-oriented coping also was associated with more negative body image. Findings agree with data associating these coping styles with other measures of psychological distress and psychopathology. Task-oriented coping also was high, but unrelated to negative body image or eating disturbance. Hierarchical regression analysis yielded a significant interaction between emotion-oriented coping and negative body image: The higher the use of emotion-oriented coping, the less the level of negative body image appeared to affect EAT score. DISCUSSION Both the main effect for coping and the interaction suggest that high use of emotion-oriented coping should be considered a risk factor for eating disturbance.
IT Services Management IT Service Inventory

Services Science is prevalent in academia, government, and industry across a range of disciplines. Services Science is evident in the field of Information Technology (IT) through the formalism of IT Service Management (ITSM), the Information Technology Information Library (ITIL), and ISO standard 20000. While there are standards, methods, research outcomes, and defined processes for IT Service Management, there is not a repository of the IT services that are the focus of ITSM. This paper uses definitions and descriptions from ITSM research as an instrument to identify data in the literature that represents IT service topics. The goal of the paper is to rationalize the data and propose an IT services inventory in the framework of ITSM. The IT service inventory is meant to better enable systematic IT services research and industry IT service planning, implementation, and execution.
Intra- and intermolecular cooperative binding of high-mobility-group protein I(Y) to the beta-interferon promoter

The mammalian high-mobility-group protein I(Y) [HMG I(Y)], while not a typical transcriptional activator, is required for the expression of many eukaryotic genes. HMG I(Y) appears to recruit and stabilize complexes of transcriptional activators through protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions. The protein binds to the minor groove of DNA via three short basic repeats, preferring tracts of adenines and thymines arranged on the same face of the DNA helix. However, the mode by which these three basic repeats function together to recognize HMG I(Y) binding sites has remained unclear. Here, using deletion mutants of HMG I(Y), DNase I footprinting, methylation interference, and in vivo transcriptional assays, we have characterized the binding of HMG I(Y) to the model beta-interferon enhancer. We show that two molecules of HMG I(Y) bind to the enhancer in a highly cooperative fashion, each molecule using a distinct pair of basic repeats to recognize the tandem AT-rich regions of the binding sites. We have also characterized the function of each basic repeat, showing that only the central repeat accounts for specific DNA binding and that the presence of a second repeat bound to an adjacent AT-rich region results in intramolecular cooperativity in binding. Surprisingly, the carboxyl-terminal acidic tail of HMG I(Y) is also important for specific binding in the context of the full-length protein. Our results present a detailed examination of HMG I(Y) binding in an important biological context, which can be extended not only to HMG I(Y) binding in other systems but also to the binding mode of many other proteins containing homologous basic repeats, which have been conserved from bacteria to humans.
Nitrogen containing bisphosphonates induce apoptosis and inhibit the mevalonate pathway, impairing Ras membrane localization in prostate cancer cells.

PURPOSE Metastasis to bone is an important cause of morbidity in advanced prostate cancer. Despite the typically sclerotic nature of prostatic bone metastases osteolysis has a significant role in the pathogenesis of this disease. The nitrogen containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs), such as pamidronate and zoledronic acid, have greatly enhanced potency for inhibiting bone resorption and inducing apoptosis in osteoclasts. We investigated the effects of N-BPs on prostate cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell viability was determined with an MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymeyhoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) dye reduction assay. Cell cycle analysis, DNA fragmentation and caspase 3 activity were assessed using flow cytometry. Ras, Bcl-2 and Bax were quantified by Western blotting. RESULTS Pamidronate and zoledronic acid decreased cell viability in the 3 human cell lines DU145, PC3 and LNCaP. These effects were associated with changes in cell cycle distribution, induction of DNA fragmentation and a decrease in the Bcl-2-to-Bax ratio, which are features of apoptotic cell death. Pre-incubation with caspase inhibitors attenuated the effects of zoledronic acid and caspase 3 activity was demonstrated in treated DU145 cells. Zoledronic acid induced loss of cell viability in DU145 cells was prevented by co-treatment with farnesol, suggesting that N-BPs cause inhibition of the mevalonate pathway and Ras prenylation. A decrease in active, membrane bound Ras in zoledronic acid treated DU145 cells was shown by Western blot analysis. CONCLUSIONS N-BPs induce apoptosis in prostate cancer via a caspase dependent mechanism. They have effects on protein prenylation via inhibition of the mevalonate pathway and impair membrane localization of Ras in prostate cancer cells.
Gliotransmitters and cytokines in the control of blood-brain barrier permeability

Abstract The contribution of astrocytes and microglia to the regulation of neuroplasticity or neurovascular unit (NVU) is based on the coordinated secretion of gliotransmitters and cytokines and the release and uptake of metabolites. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and angiogenesis are influenced by perivascular cells contacting with the abluminal side of brain microvessel endothelial cells (pericytes, astrocytes) or by immune cells existing (microglia) or invading the NVU (macrophages) under pathologic conditions. The release of gliotransmitters or cytokines by activated astroglial and microglial cells is provided by distinct mechanisms, affects intercellular communication, and results in the establishment of microenvironment controlling BBB permeability and neuroinflammation. Glial glutamate transporters and connexin and pannexin hemichannels working in the tight functional coupling with the purinergic system serve as promising molecular targets for manipulating the intercellular communications that control BBB permeability in brain pathologies associated with excessive angiogenesis, cerebrovascular remodeling, and BBB-mediated neuroinflammation. Substantial progress in deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying the (patho)physiology of perivascular glia provides promising approaches to novel clinically relevant therapies for brain disorders. The present review summarizes the current understandings on the secretory machinery expressed in glial cells (glutamate transporters, connexin and pannexin hemichannels, exocytosis mechanisms, membrane-derived microvesicles, and inflammasomes) and the role of secreted gliotransmitters and cytokines in the regulation of NVU and BBB permeability in (patho)physiologic conditions.
Nitric Oxide Promotes Infectious Bone Resorption by Enhancing Cytokine‐Stimulated Interstitial Collagenase Synthesis in Osteoblasts

This experiment was undertaken to determine the role of macrophage‐derived nitric oxide (NO) in mediating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced bone resorption by using an in vitro co‐culture system and an in vivo model of infectious bone resorption. Our results demonstrated that LPS stimulated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α mRNAs and nitrite synthesis in the J774 mouse macrophage cell line but not in the UMR‐106 (rat) and MC3T3‐E1 (mouse) osteoblast cell lines. Conditioned media (CM) from LPS‐stimulated J774 triggered only low to moderate levels of iNOS mRNAs in MC3T3‐E1 and a trivial effect in UMR‐106. On the other hand, CM induced matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1) gene expression in both osteoblast cell lines. The NOS inhibitor NG‐monomethyl‐L‐arginine (L‐NMMA) did not alter this effect in MC3T3‐E1 and UMR‐106, whereas TNF‐α antibody diminished the CM‐induced MMP‐1 gene expression in both cell lines. Interestingly, SNAP, a NO donor, although by itself is not a MMP‐1 stimulator for UMR‐106, augmented the TNF‐α‐stimulated MMP‐1 mRNA production in UMR‐106. In a J774/UMR‐106 co‐culture system, LPS stimulated significant MMP‐1 gene expression in UMR‐106, and this upregulation was abolished by L‐NMMA and TNF‐α antibodies. Immunohistochemical analysis in a rat model of infectious bone resorption (periapical lesion) showed co‐distributions of iNOS+ macrophages and MMP‐1+ osteoblasts around the osteolytic areas. Administration of L‐NMMA markedly reduced the extent of bone loss and the percentage of MMP‐1‐synthesizing osteoblasts. These data suggest that NO derived from macrophages after LPS stimulation may enhance bone loss by augmenting the cytokine‐induced MMP‐1 production in osteoblasts.
The Natural History of Polymethylmethacrylate Microspheres Granulomas

For more than a century, clinicians have worked to find a permanent treatment for scars, wrinkles, tissue deficiencies, and other contour abnormalities. Current solutions to these problems range from surgical procedures to minimally invasive injectables. Over the years, injectable fillers have evolved to include both short-term and long-lasting products. The use of long-lasting, injectable augmenting agents for the correction of facial soft contour deficiencies is a rapidly expanding field fueled by an increasing public awareness of this minimally invasive alternative to surgery. The need to design new products stems from disappointment associated with many current injectables. Problems with existing products include short duration of action, migration of the injectable material, allergy to components of the filler, and other adverse events.
Detection of aerolysin and hemolysin genes in Aeromonas spp.isolated from environmental and shellfish sources bypolymerase chain reaction

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to assay for the detection of specific genes in the genomes of the Aeromonas spp. isolated from environmental and shellfish sources, particularly aero and hlyA genes, responsible for aerolysin and hemolysin toxins production in this genus. The results showed that: (i) the 1500 bp amplicon of the hlyA gene was detected in 20/38 of the Aeromonas hydrophila, 13/38 of the A. caviae and 6/9 of the A. veronii biovar sobria isolates; (ii) the 690 bp amplicon of the aero gene was detected in 20/38 of A. hydrophila, 17/38 of A. caviae and 6/9 of A. veronii biovar sobria isolates; (iii) the nucleotide blast results of aerolysin gene sequences of the representative strains of A. hydrophila, A. caviae and A. veronii biovar sobria revealed a high homology of 94%, 95% and 95% with published sequences, respectively and ; (iv) the protein blast showed 97%, 94% and 96% homology when compared to the published sequences, respectively. The finding of A. hydrophila virulence genes in other members of the genus Aeromonas, may give a new perspective to the significance of these results. The method described here may be a useful detection tool to assist in further investigation of aero and hlyA genes in the genus Aeromonas, especially for food microbiologist.
Isozymes of S‐adenosylmethionine synthetase are encoded by tandemly duplicated genes in Escherichia coli

The sole biosynthetic route to S‐adenosylmethionine, the primary biological alkylating agent, is catalysed by S‐adenosylmethionine synthetase (ATP: L‐methionine S‐adenosyltransferase). In Escherichia coli and Sal‐monella typhimunum numerous studies have located a structural gene (metK) for this enzyme at 63min on the chromosomal map. We have now identified a second structural gene for S‐adenosylmethionine synthetase in E. coli by DNA hybridization experiments with metK as the probe; we denote this gene as metX. The metX gene is located adjacent to metK with the gene order speA metK metX speC. The metK and metX genes are separated by ∼0.8kb. The metK and the metX genes are oriented convergently as indicated by DNA hybridization experiments using sequences from the 5′ and 3′ ends of metK. The metK gene product is detected immunochemically only in cells growing in minimal media, whereas the metX gene product is detected immunochemically in cells grown in rich media at all growth phases and in stationary phase in minimal media.
A Context-Sware Data Sharing Service over MANet to Enable Spontaneous Collaboration

In this paper we present a context-aware data sharing service over MANet to enable spontaneous collaboration between mobile workers. Context information is used to adapt services and applications to user situation as well as working groups situation. The paper first presents the data sharing system. It then describes the context awareness service. We explain how data sharing uses context information to adapt to changing conditions and how the context service relies on data sharing to store context information afterwards. Context aware and data sharing services maintain a mutually beneficial interaction. Both services are part of a software framework for spontaneous collaboration over MANets that is developed within the Popeye European IST research project.
Portopulmonary hypertension: Diagnostic advances and caveats

Portopulmonary hypertension represents a major risk factor for transplantation; therefore, preoperative detection is crucial. The aims of this study were to determine (1) whether Doppler echocardiography performed at evaluation is a reliable tool for detecting portopulmonary hypertension and (2) the incidence of acquired portopulmonary hypertension profile after evaluation. One hundred sixty‐five patients had Doppler echocardiography and right heart catheterization at evaluation over a 9‐year period. All patients had a prospective follow‐up, and the results of catheterization at evaluation were compared with those obtained at the time of transplantation. Seventeen of 165 patients met the criteria for portopulmonary hypertension on Doppler echocardiography. Portopulmonary hypertension was confirmed by catheterization in 10 patients and ruled out in 7. There were no false negatives for echocardiography. Mean pulmonary artery pressure was significantly higher during the initial phase of transplantation than at evaluation (17.8 ± 4.3 versus 20.3 ± 5.5 mm Hg, respectively, P < .0001), and there was no significant correlation between values obtained at these 2 time points. Three patients showed to have acquired portopulmonary hypertension profile although waiting for a graft within time intervals ranging from 2.5 to 5 months. In conclusion, Doppler echocardiography is a highly sensitive tool for detecting portopulmonary hypertension. However, because this technique has a poor positive predictive value, right heart catheterization is recommended for confirming portopulmonary hypertension. In addition, the absence of portopulmonary hypertension at evaluation does not exclude the occasional occurrence of acquired portopulmonary hypertension profile after listing.
Personalizing Web Search: Communities and Collaboration

Conservative recent estimates of the Web’s current size refer to its 10 billion documents and a growth rate that tops 60 terabytes of new information per day (Roush 2004). In 2000 the entire World-Wide Web consisted of just 21 terabytes of information, now it grows by 3 times this every single day (Lyman & Varian 2003). This growth frames the information overload problem that is threatening to stall the information revolution going forward. In short, users are finding it increasingly difficult to locate the right information at the right time in the right way. Search engine technologies are struggling to cope with the sheer quantity of information that is available, a problem that is greatly exacerbated by the apparent inability of Web users to formulate effective search queries that accurately reflect their current information needs. This talk will focus on how so-called personalization techniques are being used in response to the information overload problem (Billsus, Pazzani, & Chen 2000; Perkowitz & Etzioni 2000; Reiken 2000; Smyth & Cotter 2002b; 2002a), and the experiences gained and lessons learned when it comes to the deployment of these techniques. In particular, we will focus on the personalization of Web search, taking special care to consider the important privacy issues (see also (Kobsa 2002) that such personalization brings to the fore. These issues motivate a unique approach to personalized Web search—Collaborative Web Search (CWS)— which focuses on the delivery of personalization at the level of a community of like-minded searchers.
Reprogramming the Immune System for Peripheral Tolerance with CD4 and CD8 Monoclonal Antibodies

The basic aim of therapeutic immunology is to manipulate the immune system in order to avoid or reverse a variety of diseases with an immunologic component. Where the disease is caused by an infectious agent it has often been possible to use vaccination or passive immunization to protect the individual against both the infection and any pathogenic consequences. However, when it is the case that the immune system has already made an inappropriate response, either to an external agent such as a parasite or allergen, or to a normal tissue such as the pancreas (diabetes) or brain (multiple sclerosis), it has so far proved far more difTicult to intervene. Generalized immunosuppression can act to damp down the disease processes, but at the cost of suppressing immunity as a whole and risking opportunistic infection. What is needed is a way to suppress or reinduce tolerance in the T cells which are driving the disease, while leaving the rest of the immune system relatively intact. Monoclonal antibodies against functional molecules on the T-cell surface are now providing us with the tools to manipulate the immune system in just this way. The mature immune system of the adult is programmed to destroy foreign material entering the body but not to react with self tissues. Central to this self tolerance is the deletion or inactivalion of autoreactive T-cell ciones during ontogeny. It has long been recognized that the thymus plays a crucial role in this process as it is the primary site for T-cell differentiation and generation of the antigen receptor repertoire (Pullen et al. 1989). The T cells that emerge from the thymus are strongly biased in their potential reactivity such that processed antigens tend to be seen only when presented as peptides bound to major histocompat-
Mapping Radar Glacier Zones and Dry Snow Line in the Antarctic Peninsula Using Sentinel-1 Images

Surface snowmelt causes changes in mass and energy balance, and endangers the stabilities of the ice shelves in the Antarctic Peninsula (AP). The dynamic changes of the snow and ice conditions in the AP were observed by Sentinel-1 images with a spatial resolution of 40 m in this study. Snowmelt detected by the special sensor microwave/imager (SSM/I) is used to study the relationship between summer snowmelt and winter synthetic aperture radar (SAR) backscatter. Radar glacier zones (RGZs) classifications were conducted based on their differences in liquid snow content, snow grain size, and the relative elevations. We developed a practical method based on the simulations of a microwave scattering model to classify RGZs by using Sentinel-1 images in the AP. The summer snowmelt detected by SSM/I and Sentinel-1 data are compared between 2014 and 2015. The SSM/I-derived melting days is used to validate the winter dry snow line (DSL). RGZs derived from Sentinel-1 images suggest that snowmelt expanded from inland of the Larsen C Ice Shelf to the coastal area, whereas an opposite direction was found in the George VI Ice Shelf. The long melting season in the grounding zone of the Larsen C Ice Shelf may result from the adiabatically-dried fohn winds on the east side of the AP. As the uppermost limit of summer snowmelt, DSL was mapped based on the winter Sentinel-1 mosaic of the AP. Compared with the SSM/I-derived melting days, the winter DSL mainly distributed in the areas melted for one to three days in summer. DSL elevations on the Palmer Land increased from south to north.