Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Novel Application of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Demonstrates Characteristic Differences in Vasculature at Predilection Sites of Osteochondritis Dissecans

Background: Understanding the pathogenesis of osteochondrosis/osteochondritis dissecans and other developmental orthopaedic diseases that are thought to occur secondary to defects in vascular supply to growth/epiphyseal cartilage has been hampered by the inability to image the vasculature in this tissue. This is particularly true in human beings due to limitations of current imaging techniques and the lack of availability of appropriate cadaveric samples for histological studies. Hypothesis: Susceptibility-weighted imaging, an MRI sequence, allows identification of characteristic differences in the vascular architecture in species that are affected by osteochondrosis/osteochondritis dissecans on the femoral condyle (humans and pigs) versus a species that is free of the disease (goat). Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Materials: Distal femora from cadavers of juvenile humans (n = 5), pigs (n = 3), and goats (n = 3) were scanned in a 9.4-T MRI scanner using susceptibility-weighted imaging. Three-dimensional reconstructions were created, and minimum intensity projections were calculated in 3 planes to enhance visualization of the vascular architecture. Results: Susceptibility-weighted imaging allowed clear visualization of the epiphyseal vasculature in all species. Vascular architecture, with vessels primarily arising from the perichondrium, was similar in humans and pigs, which are predisposed to osteochondrosis/osteochondritis dissecans, and was starkly different from that present in goats, a species in which there are no reports of osteochondrosis/osteochondritis dissecans. Furthermore, vessels in the distal femoral predilection site disappeared with age in humans in a pattern similar to that reported previously in pigs. Conclusion: Nearly identical vascular architecture at the shared primary predilection site of osteochondrosis/osteochondritis dissecans in the femoral condyles in human beings and pigs suggests that vascular failure, which is known to be central to the pathogenesis of this disease in pigs, may also play a role in humans. Clinical Relevance: This assumption of a shared pathogenesis is supported by the pattern of disappearance of vessels with age at the primary predilection site of osteochondritis dissecans in humans, which is essentially identical to that which has been reported in pigs. Susceptibility-weighted imaging will likely help further elucidate this potential relationship in the future.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF SQUARE STEPPING EXERCISES VERSUS BALANCE TRAINING EXERCISES ON FEAR OF FALL AND BALANCE IN ELDERLY POPULATION

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FUNCTIONAL TRAINING PROGRAM AND STANDARDIZED REHABILITATION PROGRAM AFTER ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION IN IMPROVING FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE OF FOOTBALL PLAYERS Sam Thamburaj A, Karthikeyan Rajendran, Rajeev Kuppalagan Rajendran. International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research 2016; 4(1):1370-1377. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.16965/ijpr.2016. 102
Avicenna's Treatise on Otology in Medieval Persia

Avicenna (AD 980-1037) was one of the best-known physicians of his time. Born in Persia, he gained notoriety both in the local and international scenes. Avicenna's best-known book, Canon of Medicine, was the standard textbook of medicine for more than five centuries in Europe and the Persian Empire. Because no English translation of the entire Canon of Medicine exists, the authors have recently translated the treatise on otologic diseases from Persian into English. Correlation was made with the Arabic text as well to ensure accuracy. This study provides a review of Avicenna's significant contributions to the concepts in anatomy and the pathophysiology of ear diseases. Herbal and nonherbal medications used in the treatment of otologic disorders are also discussed.
Compact wearable dual-mode imaging system for real-time fluorescence image-guided surgery

Abstract. A wearable all-plastic imaging system for real-time fluorescence image-guided surgery is presented. The compact size of the system is especially suitable for applications in the operating room. The system consists of a dual-mode imaging system, see-through goggle, autofocusing, and auto-contrast tuning modules. The paper will discuss the system design and demonstrate the system performance.
A survey of the perception of well-being among emergency physicians in Taiwan

Objectives: The objective of this study is to investigate the feelings (well-being) of emergency physicians in Taiwan regarding their job and the relationship between these feelings and the work environment. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was used to survey emergency physicians across Taiwan from January to June 2014. The questionnaire contents were categorized into five specific factors that could affect well-being, including “emergency quality, emergency safety, support environment, workload, and salary and benefits. ” Well-being was rated directly on a scale of 1–10, with 10 indicating the highest level of happiness. Physician retention was also surveyed. The correlations among the five factors, well-being, and physician retention were analyzed. The five factors were quantified as a “happiness index” and compared between religious and nonreligious hospitals and medical centers and regional hospitals. Results: A total of 398 questionnaires were received, and the response rate was 39%. Of these, 42.7% of responders reported high ratings for well-being (scores of 7–10, 1 is the worse, and 10 is the best) and 40.3% felt neutral (scores of 5–6). Only 12.3% doctors did not think they would stay at the same position for the next 3 years. All five factors had moderately significant correlations with each other (γ = 0.195–0.534, γ< 0.01). All five factors also significantly correlated with well-being. Emergency safety (γ = 0.121, γ< 0.05), salary and benefits (γ = 0.143, γ< 0.05), and well-being (γ = 0.189, γ< 0.01) were correlated with physician retention. The happiness indices of emergency quality, support environment, and workload were significantly higher in regional hospitals than medical centers. Conclusions: All five indicators had impacts on well-being. The respondents reported heavy workloads, including high stress and even poorly met physiological needs. In addition, the threat of violence, salaries, and well-being correlated with physician retention. Hospital administrators can make efforts to improve the well-being of doctors and physician retention by adjusting environmental factors.
From AIDS to Parasite Infection: Pathogen‐Mediated Subversion of Programmed Cell Death as a Mechanism for Immune Dysregulation

Premature cell death can result either from cell injury or degeneration, leading to necrosis, or from the activation of a physiological cell-suicide process, termed programmed cell death or apoptosis, that is regulated by intercellular signalling. This process plays an essential role in the selection of developing lymphocytes, and is also involved in the function of the mature adaptative immune system. A growing number of experimental findings during the last 4 years has provided support to our hypothesis that inappropriate HIV-mediated dysregulation of programmed T-cell death is relevant to AIDS pathogenesis. A series of recent experimental results also supports the general concept that the persistence and pathogenesis of several infectious pathogens, ranging from retroviruses to parasites, may be related to their capacity to dysregulate programmed cell death in various cell populations including lymphocytes. Subversion by pathogens of the physiological control of programmed cell death provides a paradigm for the pathogenesis of a wide range of infectious diseases that involve immune dysregulation and suggests therapeutic potential for the in vivo modulation of cell signalling.
DIRECT MEDICAL COSTS AND RESOURCE USE FOR TREATING CENTRAL AND BRANCH RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION IN COMMERCIALLY INSURED WORKING-AGE AND MEDICARE POPULATIONS

Purpose: To quantify the burden of illness for incident branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in a commercially insured working-age (commercial) and Medicare US population. Methods: Retrospective cohort analysis of health care claims from 2003 through 2008 from commercial and Medicare patients with ≥2 outpatient diagnoses for BRVO or CRVO. The index date was the first retinal vein occlusion diagnosis. Patients with medical and pharmacy benefits were followed ≥1 year preindex and then between 1 year and 3 years postindex. Incidence and prevalence of retinal vein occlusion was determined. Burden of illness was compared with matched control subjects without retinal vein occlusion. Results: The commercial sample comprised 1,188 CRVO and 2,252 BRVO cases, whereas the Medicare sample had 2,739 CRVO and 4,573 BRVO cases. Adjusted ratio of case-to-control, all-cause expenditures for commercial patients at 1 year and 3 years postindex were 1.88 and 1.68, respectively, for BRVO and 1.42 and 1.36, respectively, for CRVO. For Medicare patients, these were 1.29 and 1.13, respectively, for BRVO and 1.23 and 1.14, respectively, for CRVO. All comparisons were significant (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Health care utilization and expenditures for commercially insured working-age and Medicare patients with BRVO or CRVO were significantly greater than those for control subjects. Retinal vein occlusion development may be a marker for the increased severity of systemic vascular disease.
Factores predictivos para resultados funcionales en la cirugía del agujero macular idiopático

Introduccion: el agujero macular idiopatico (AMI) es una maculopatia frecuente, caracterizada por una dehiscencia de retina en la zona foveal. Actualmente, aparecen discrepancias morfofuncionales tras su cirugia y el periodo de recuperacion visual varia y puede ser largo. Por tal motivo, toma valor la consideracion de factores predictivos para la recuperacion visual posquirurgica del agujero macular idiopatico. Objetivo: esta revision de la literatura pretende mostrar los factores predictivos relacionados con los resultados funcionales de la cirugia del AMI. Metodos se realizo una busqueda en diferentes publicaciones y textos basicos de la especialidad. Resultados: se encontro que las investigaciones recogen dentro de los factores de buen pronostico para la recuperacion funcional: estadio 2 del agujero macular, menor tiempo de evolucion, diametro superior menor de 400 µm, factor forma del agujero macular > 0,9, indice del agujero macular < 0,5, tipo de cierre en U y recuperacion de la linea limite de los segmentos externos de los conos en la fovea, entre otros. Conclusiones: en esta revision se exponen con claridad los factores relacionados con la recuperacion funcional tras la cirugia del agujero macular idiopatico, cuya consideracion constante proporcionara a los oftalmologos las herramientas para brindar una atencion medica de excelencia y, por consiguiente, una elevacion de la calidad de vida de los pacientes con esta enfermedad.
Los principios de los datos abiertos en la legislación española

Los datos publicos que se ponen a disposicion de los ciudadanos deben cumplir determinadas caracteristicas que persiguen garantizar que se puedan reutilizar facilmente para generar nueva informacion o servicios y, en ultima instancia, para incrementar la transparencia de las administraciones publicas. En este articulo se examina el reconocimiento de estas caracteristicas en la legislacion espanola y se analiza su reflejo en los portales de datos abiertos impulsados por las administraciones publicas espanolas en los ultimos anos a traves de la lectura de los avisos legales que difunden los portales de datos abiertos de la Administracion General del Estado y de las Comunidades Autonomas. Finalmente, se realizan diferentes propuestas para garantizar la adecuada reutilizacion de los datos.
Racial differences in hemodynamic responses to the cold face stimulus in children and adults.

&NA; The prevalence of essential hypertension is higher among blacks than whites. One reason for this difference may be that blacks are more reactive to stressors that produce vasoconstrictive responses. Two studies were conducted to test this hypothesis, one with 10‐ to 14‐year‐old males (20 whites, 20 blacks) and one with young adult males (10 whites, 10 blacks). Subjects had blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance measured before, during, and after exposure to forehead cold stimulation. In both studies, blacks exhibited greater increases in diastolic blood pressure and total peripheral resistance to the stressor than whites. The findings are discussed in relation to blacks' greater pressor reactivity to stress, which appears to be mediated by changes in total peripheral resistance.
Impact of Age and Race on Outcomes of a Program to Prevent Excess Weight Gain and Disordered Eating in Adolescent Girls

Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) prevents weight gain and reduces loss-of-control (LOC)-eating in adults. However, IPT was not superior to health-education (HE) for preventing excess weight gain and reducing LOC-eating over 1-year in adolescent girls at risk for excess weight gain and eating disorders. Limited data suggest that older and non-White youth may be especially responsive to IPT. In secondary analyses, we examined if age or race moderated weight and LOC-eating outcomes. The 113 participants (12–17 years; 56.6% White) from the original trial were re-contacted 3 years later for assessment. At baseline and follow-up visits through 3 years, we assessed BMI, adiposity by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and LOC-eating presence. In linear mixed models, baseline age moderated 3-year BMI outcome; older girls in IPT had the lowest 3-year BMI gain compared to younger girls in IPT and all girls in HE, p = 0.04. A similar pattern was observed for adiposity. Race moderated 3-year LOC-eating; non-White girls in IPT were most likely to abstain from LOC-eating at 3 years compared to all other girls, p = 0.04. This hypothesis-generating analysis suggests future studies should determine if IPT is especially efficacious at reducing LOC-eating in older, non-White adolescents.
System Partitioning of MCMs for Low Power

Meeting the design challenges inherent in complex multichip modules that also reduce power dissipation is a daunting task, considering the number of constraints and the nonlinear cost functions explored early in the prototyping process. Current algorithms do not do the job. A new systematic approach combines commercial software with simple size-reduction and linearization methods that are largely unknown in the industry. The authors present results obtained from experiments with a set of large ICs. >
Diferença mínima clinicamente importante da qualidade de vida de pacientes com Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica submetidos a um programa de reabilitação pulmonar

Poucos estudos tem se preocupado em avaliar se as mudancas ocorridas na qualidade de vida de pacientes com DPOC apos um programa de reabilitacao pulmonar atingiram a diferenca minima clinicamente importante. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar se a diferenca minima clinicamente importante (DMCI) da qualidade de vida atraves do questionario Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) de pacientes com doenca pulmonar obstrutiva cronica e atingida apos um programa de reabilitacao pulmonar (PRP). Participaram do estudo 24 pacientes idosos divididos em grupo intervencao (realizaram o PRP, com media de idade 66,8 ± 5,2 anos, capacidade vital forcada percentual [CVF%] - 63,5 ± 19,6, volume expiratorio forcado no primeiro segundo percentual [VEF1%] - 43,1 ± 18,5 e relacao VEF1/ CVF – 54,1 ± 14,0) e grupo controle (nao realizaram o PRP, com media de idade 64,3 + 9,8 anos, CVF% - 55,4 ± 20,2, VEF1% - 31,6 ± 13,1 e relacao VEF1/ CVF – 45,1 ± 7,4). Foram coletados dados sociodemograficos, antropometricos, clinicos e avaliacao do questionario SGRQ antes e apos 12 semanas do estudo. Alteracoes iguais ou maiores que 4% apos a intervencao indicaram mudanca minimamente significante na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. O PRP diminuiu os escores do SGRQ nos dominios impacto, atividade e total. Alem disso, DMCI foi atingida apos o PRP nos dominios sintomas, atividade e total. Pacientes com DPOC apresentaram melhora clinicamente relevante nos escores do SGRQ quando submetidos a um PRP, refletindo melhora da qualidade de vida.
Deep Attribute Networks

Obtaining compact and discriminative features is one of the major challenges in many of the real-world image classification tasks such as face verification and object recognition. One possible approach is to represent input image on the basis of high-level features that carry semantic meaning which humans can understand. In this paper, a model coined deep attribute network (DAN) is proposed to address this issue. For an input image, the model outputs the attributes of the input image without performing any classification. The efficacy of the proposed model is evaluated on unconstrained face verification and real-world object recognition tasks using the LFW and the a-PASCAL datasets. We demonstrate the potential of deep learning for attribute-based classification by showing comparable results with existing state-of-the-art results. Once properly trained, the DAN is fast and does away with calculating low-level features which are maybe unreliable and computationally expensive.
Eight genes in region 5 that form an operon are essential for invasion of epithelial cells by Shigella flexneri 2a

The 7-kb region 5 on the large 230-kb plasmid pMYSH6000 in Shigella flexneri 2a YSH6000 is one of the virulence-associated DNA segments required for the invasion of epithelial cells (C. Sasakawa, K. Kamata, T. Sakai, S. Makino, M. Yamada, N. Okada, and M. Yoshikawa, J. Bacteriol. 170:2480-2484, 1988). To elucidate the functional organization of region 5 and to determine the virulence-associated genes encoded by region 5, we performed insertion and deletion mutagenesis, DNA subcloning, and complete nucleotide sequencing of region 5 and found that region 5 contained 11 open reading frames (ORFs) named ORF-1 through ORF-11 which could be translated into proteins with molecular masses of 15.1, 47.5, 13.2, 33.0, 33.4, 24.2, 9.4, 28.5, 39.9, 9.1, and 10.4 kDa, respectively. Complementation tests of the 14 Tn5-induced noninvasive mutants of region 5 with the above plasmid constructs have indicated that region 5 consists of an operon and that ORF-2 through ORF-9, but not ORF-1, ORF-10, and ORF-11, are essential for invasion, and 7 of 8 ORFs (ORF-2 and ORF-4 through ORF-9) and presumably the remaining ORF (ORF-3) are required for secretion of the Ipa proteins. The transcriptional organization, as determined by a promoter-proving vector, S1 nuclease protection, and primer extension RNA sequencing analysis revealed that region 5 is transcribed from a promoter located 47 bp upstream of the 5' end of ORF-2 for the 47.5-kDa protein and that the promoter activity identified was regulated by the virB gene, the transcriptional activator on the 230-kb plasmid.
Introducción: política subnacional y democracia

Este numero de la Revista SAAP esta dedicado a reflexionar acerca de un problema que ha cobrado centralidad en los debates de la ciencia politica en los ultimos anos: ? como pensar la democracia —y los procesos de democratizacion— en paises federales donde existen distintos niveles de gobierno con cierta autonomia politica? Y al mismo tiempo, ? como entender las tensiones entre los procesos politicos nacionales y los procesos politicos subnacionales? 1 La respuesta a estos interrogantes no solo implica bajar de escala de observacion, sino tambien complejizarla a traves de una mirada que busque desentranar la relacion entre los procesos politicos nacionales y subnacionales, que cuestione las teorias centradas en los estados nacionales y que plantee un analisis critico de los conceptos que utilizamos para entender los procesos politicos subnacionales. Sobre todo, la idea de pensar en la politica subnacional y la democracia es un intento por integrar dos agendas de investigacion que hasta hace algunos anos iban por caminos separados: la del federalismo y la de los estudios de la democratizacion, que tipicamente se centraban en el plano nacional2. En los ultimos anos ha habido contribuciones en el campo de la politica subnacional dedicadas a explicar las continuidades y los cambios en el sistema de partidos (Calvo y Escolar, 2005; Gibson y Suarez Cao, 2010; Leiras, 2007; Malamud y De Luca, 2005), la variacion en los regimenes subnacionales (Behrend, 2008, 2011; Gervasoni, 2010; Giraudy, 2010), las relaciones intergubernamentales y el federalismo fiscal (Bonvecchi y Lodola, 2011; Gervasoni, 2010), y las coaliciones legislativas (Calvo y Leiras, 2010; Gibson y Calvo, 2000; Jones y Hwang, 2005). Seria imposible dar cuenta en este numero de todos los debates dentro del campo, y, por lo tanto, solo se presentan algunas lineas de investigacion que reflejan algunas de las discusio-
The CD8+ dendritic cell subset

Summary: Mouse lymphoid tissues contain a subset of dendritic cells (DCs) expressing CD8α together with a pattern of other surface molecules that distinguishes them from other DCs. These molecules include particular Toll‐like receptor and C‐type lectin pattern recognition receptors. A similar DC subset, although lacking CD8 expression, exists in humans. The mouse CD8+ DCs are non‐migrating resident DCs derived from a precursor, distinct from monocytes, that continuously seeds the lymphoid organs from bone marrow. They differ in several key functions from their CD8− DC neighbors. They efficiently cross‐present exogenous cell‐bound and soluble antigens on major histocompatibility complex class I. On activation, they are major producers of interleukin‐12 and stimulate inflammatory responses. In steady state, they have immune regulatory properties and help maintain tolerance to self‐tissues. During infection with intracellular pathogens, they become major presenters of pathogen antigens, promoting CD8+ T‐cell responses to the invading pathogens. Targeting vaccine antigens to the CD8+ DCs has proved an effective way to induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes and antibody responses.
Cognitive function as a predictor of survival in patients with recurrent malignant glioma.

PURPOSE To determine the contribution of cognitive function in predicting the survival of patients with recurrent malignant brain tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 80 patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme or anaplastic astrocytoma were seen for baseline evaluations before beginning a phase I or phase II clinical trial. Each patient received a battery of nine brief tests measuring cognitive function, ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs), and quality of life (QOL). Tests were given monthly after treatment was begun. RESULTS Performance on a test of verbal memory was independently and strongly related to survival after accounting for age, Karnofsky performance status score, histology, and time since diagnosis. Models incorporating three of nine and all nine tests in the battery accounted for significantly more variance in survival than did the clinical variables alone. Measures of QOL and ADLs (bathing, feeding, and so on) were not independently related to survival, although they provide clinical information that is important for patient care. CONCLUSION These results indicate that a multifaceted assessment of cognition, QOL, and patient function is practical for brain tumor patients in clinical trials and can provide information regarding the relative risks versus benefits of new treatment regimens that supplements the information from the usual clinical variables.