Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ax-Schanuel type theorems and geometry of strongly minimal sets in differentially closed fields

Let $(K;+,\cdot, ', 0, 1)$ be a differentially closed field. In this paper we explore the connection between Ax-Schanuel type theorems (predimension inequalities) for a differential equation $E(x,y)$ and the geometry of the set $U:=\{ y:E(t,y) \wedge y' \neq 0 \}$ where $t$ is an element with $t'=1$. We show that certain types of predimension inequalities imply strong minimality and geometric triviality of $U$. Moreover, the induced structure on Cartesian powers of $U$ is given by special subvarieties. If $E$ has some special form then all fibres $U_s:=\{ y:E(s,y) \wedge y' \neq 0 \}$ (with $s$ non-constant) have the same properties. In particular, since the $j$-function satisfies an Ax-Schanuel theorem of the required form (due to Pila and Tsimerman), our results will give another proof for a theorem of Freitag and Scanlon stating that the differential equation of $j$ defines a strongly minimal set with trivial geometry (which is not $\aleph_0$-categorical though).
PoBOC : un algorithme de "soft-clustering". Applications à l'apprentissage de règles et au traitement de données textuelles

Résumé. Nous décrivons l’algorithme PoBOC (Pole-Based Overlapping Clustering) qui génère un ensemble de clusters non-disjoints (ou “softclusters”) présentés sous forme d’une hiérarchie de concepts à partir de la seule matrice de similarités sur les données considérées. Nous évaluons l’approche sur deux situations d’apprentissage : la classification par apprentissage de règles et l’organisation de données plus complexes et peu structurées telles que les données textuelles. La validation des méthodes de clustering est une étape difficile résolue le plus souvent par une évaluation d’experts. Les deux applications proposées permettent de valider la méthode d’organisation selon deux points de vue : d’une part quantitativement en évaluant l’influence de la méthode pour la classification, d’autre part en permettant une analyse “humaine” du résultat dans le cas des données textuelles. Nous mettons en évidence l’intérêt de PoBOC comparativement à d’autres approches d’apprentissage non-supervisé.
Bioremediation of pendimethalin contaminated soil by augmented bioslurry phase reactor operated in sequential batch (SBR) mode: Effect of substrate concentration

Bioslurry phase reactor augmented with ETP microflora was studied for the degradation of pendimethalin contaminated soil. The effect of substrate concentration on the process performance was evaluated in the slurry phase reactor operated in sequence batch mode under anoxic-aerobic-anoxic microenvironment with a total cycle period of 120 h. The performance of augmented slurry phase system was found to be effective among the studied experiments. The degradation of the substrate in slurry system was found to be governed by the substrate loading rate. The system performance was sustained upto 5000 μg/g of substrate loading. Increase of concentration above 7,500 μg/g resulted in process inhibition. The degradation of pendimethalin in slurry phase system was found to be compared to the degradation in the soil phase. The half-life of pendimethalin in slurry phase system was found to be about 40 h which was quite rapid compared to the rate of degradation in the soil phase. The augmented slurry phase system coupled with sequential batch mode operation appears to have resulted in effective performance at higher substrate concentration.
Long-term effects of appearance-based interventions on sun protection behaviors.

OBJECTIVES To examine the longer term efficacies of exposure to UV photographs and photoaging information (e.g., wrinkles and age spots) for increasing sun protection intentions and behaviors of young adults. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial with 4- to 5-month and 12-month follow-ups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants' self-reported sun protection intentions assessed immediately after the interventions, and both self-reported sun protection behaviors and an objective assessment (via spectrophotometry) of skin color change measured at the end of summer (4-5 months following interventions) and 1 year following interventions. RESULTS Both interventions resulted in immediate positive effects on future sun protection intentions. Both interventions showed objective evidence of less skin darkening at the postsummer follow-up, with those in the photoaging information condition also reporting more sun protective behavior and continuing to show less skin darkening 1 year after intervention. There was also evidence that effects of photoaging information on subsequent skin color change were mediated by the earlier positive effect photoaging information had on participants' intentions to sun protect and their subsequent sun protection behaviors. CONCLUSIONS UV photo and photoaging-information interventions each show promise as a brief and relatively inexpensive approach for motivating sun protection practices that may reduce skin cancer risk.
Hepatic glucose uptake, gluconeogenesis and the regulation of glycogen synthesis

Hepatic glycogen is replenished during the absorptive period postprandially. This repletion is prompted partly by an increased hepatic uptake of glucose by the liver, partly by metabolite and hormonal signals in the portal vein, and partly by an increased gluconeogenic flux to glycogen (glyconeogenesis). There is some evidence that the direct formation of glycogen from glucose and that formed by gluconeogenic pathways is linked. This includes: (i) the inhibition of all glycogen synthesis, in vivo, when gluconeogenic flux is blocked by inhibitors; (ii) a dual relationship between glucose concentrations, lactate uptake by the liver and glycogen synthesis (by both pathways) which indicates that glucose sets the maximal rates of glycogen synthesis while lactate uptake determines the actual flux rate to glycogen; (iii) the decrease of both gluconeogenesis and glycogen synthesis by the biguanide, metformin; and (iv) correlations between increased gluconeogenesis and liver glycogen in obese patients and animal models. The degree to which the liver extracts portal glucose is not entirely agreed upon although a preponderance of evidence points to about a 5% extraction rate, following meals, which is dependent on a stimulation of glucokinase. This enzyme may be linked to the expression of other enzymes in the gluconeogenic pathway. Perivenous cells in the liver may induce additional gluconeogenesis in the periportal cells by increasing glycolytically produced lactate. A number of potential mechanisms therefore exist which could link glycogen synthesis from glucose and gluconeogenic substrate. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of prostaglandins, nitric oxide and oxygen in the ductus arteriosi of the pre-term chicken embryo (Gallus domesticus).

The chicken ductus arteriosi (DA) are two embryonic blood vessels that shunt blood away from the non-ventilated lungs and towards the body and chorioallantoic membrane. I show that prostaglandins have a diminished role in maintaining chicken DA patency and nitric oxide inhibits oxygen induced contraction of the day 19 proximal DA in a time dependent manner. The pathways governing oxygen induced contraction in the chicken DA are similar to those found in mammals and include contributions from ROS, Kv channels, L-type Ca2+ channels, and the Rho kinase pathway. Longer exposure to high oxygen generates increased oxygen induced constriction of the day 19 DA that may be mediated through the Rho kinase pathway.
p 53-Independent Upregulation of KILLER / DR 5 TRAIL Receptor Expression by Glucocorticoids and Interferon-g

p P r t g F f l t a t b t t g a s F o KILLER/DR5 is a death-domain-containing proapoptotic receptor that binds to the cytotoxic ligand TRAIL. It was originally reported that induction of KILLER/DR5 mRNA following DNA damage was p53dependent, but some drugs that induce apoptosis can upregulate KILLER/DR5 mRNA expression in cell lines with mutated p53. We further extend those findings by classifying the capability of various apoptosisinducing drugs to increase the expression of KILLER/ DR5 mRNA in a p53-independent manner. b-Lapachone, a topoisomerase inhibitor, increased KILLER/DR5 mRNA in colon cancer cell lines with wild-type p53 but not with mutant p53. In contrast, betulinic acid, a novel chemotherapeutic compound, induced apoptosis and KILLER/DR5 mRNA in elanoma and glioblastoma cells through a p53-indeendent mechanism. The synthetic glucocorticoid examethasone elevated KILLER/DR5 mRNA in gliolastoma, ovarian cancer, and colon cancer cell lines ith mutant p53 undergoing apoptosis, and this inuction was inhibited by the transcriptional inhibitor ctinomycin D. Although another glucocorticoid, rednisolone, also induced apoptosis, it did not inrease KILLER/DR5 mRNA. Finally, the cytokine inerferon-g (IFN-g) induced apoptosis and KILLER/DR5 n cell lines with mutant p53, and the induction of ILLER/DR5 mRNA by IFN-g was delayed in cells lackng wild-type STAT1, a transcription factor implicated n IFN-g signaling. Similarly, the induction of KILLER/ R5 mRNA by the cytokine TNF-a was also delayed in cell lines with mutated STAT1. These findings suggest that KILLER/DR5 may play a role in p53-independent poptosis induced by specific drugs and warrants furher investigation as a novel target for chemotherapy f tumors lacking wild-type p53. © 2001 Academic Press
Business outsourcing and organisational performance: the case of the Greek hotel industry

The adoption of the outsourcing strategy for services and products is expanding rapidly worldwide. The strategic character of outsourcing has led many hotels in Greece to appreciate its significant role in the pursuit of improved performance. This study empirically investigates the outsourcing strategy adopted by Greek hotels. The research models were validated, using data collected from 106 questionnaires, completed by Greek hotel managers. It is found that hotel managers believe that outsourcing has a clear, significant and positive influence on achieving operational objectives such as financial and flexibility improvements, access to new managerial and sourcing methods and quality improvements. In addition, the impact of outsourcing on organisational financial and non-financial performance, from the aspect of the strategic value of the activities, is also examined. Surprisingly, the results indicate that there is no evidence supporting the existence of a significant direct effect of outsourcing on the performance of hotels in Greece. Hotel managers, therefore, should realise that outsourcing is a tool that is used sensibly it can help hotels improve specific activities and achieve some, mainly non-financial, targets. Further research should attempt to led some light on the conditions under which outsourcing of specific activities can enhance hotels' performance.
Information disclosure and market quality : The effect of SEC Rule 11 Ac 1-5 on trading cost

The Securities and Exchange Commission adopted Rule 11Ac1-5 on November 15, 2000. The rule requires market centers to make monthly electronic disclosures of basic information regarding execution quality. The rule is intended to empower market forces with the means to achieve a more competitive and efficient national market system by increasing the visibility of execution quality. We find that the quoted, effective, and realized spreads of our sample of NYSE and AMEX stocks declined significantly after the rule implementation. The decline cannot be attributed to concurrent changes in stock attributes or the effect of decimal pricing. Although the quoted depth of NYSE stocks also declined, overall market quality is higher after the rule implementation because the increase in liquidity associated with narrower spreads is greater than the decrease in liquidity associated with smaller depths. JEL classification: G18; G19
olysomnography indexes are discordant with quality of ife , symptoms , and reaction times in sleep apnea patients

t i BJECTIVE: We tested whether polysomnography PSG) indexes were associated with sleepiness, uality of life, or reaction times at baseline and as utcome measures following surgical or sham reatment for patients with obstructive sleep apnea yndrome (OSAS). TUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Mild–moderate OSAS ubjects were measured before and 8 weeks after urgical or sham treatment in this prospective lonitudinal study. Measures included standard PSG ndexes, sleepiness, quality of life, and reaction imes. Associations were examined with Spearman orrelations and multivariate linear regression. ESULTS: Correlations between baseline PSG and on-PSG measures ranged from 0.22 to 0.25 (n, 87 ubjects; mean correlation, 0.00 0.11), with one ositive association significant of 56 tested (arousal ndex and SF36 Mental Component Summary, r, .25; P 0.03). Correlations between change in PSG nd non-PSG measures ranged from 0.37 to 0.35 n, 54 subjects; mean correlation, 0.05 0.19), ith no significant positive association of 56 tested. egression analyses confirmed these results. ONCLUSIONS: PSG indexes are not consistently ssociated with sleepiness, quality of life, or reacion time, both at baseline and as outcome meaures in patients with mild–moderate OSAS. PSG in-
An evaluation of asynchronous addition

There is considerable interest at present in the design of asynchronous systems based on the use of self-timing components for arithmetic and other operations. Amongst the advantages claimed for asynchronous design are ease of design, high speed, low power, and device speed independence. An often quoted example of the speed improvement possible from self-timed hardware is parallel binary addition, where the carry signals in the worst case must propagate through n stages before the sum can be guaranteed correct. In practice, however, it is not possible to achieve significant speed advantage from the method, and this paper shows that asynchronous adders only give a performance improvement over more conventional hardware in very limited conditions, where the size and regularity of the layout are at a premium.
Lipid G Protein-coupled Receptor Ligand Identification Using β-Arrestin PathHunter™ Assay

A growing number of orphan G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been reported to be activated by lipid ligands, such as lysophosphatidic acid, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), and cannabinoids, for which there are already well established receptors. These new ligand claims are controversial due to either lack of independent confirmations or conflicting reports. We used the β-arrestin PathHunter™ assay system, a newly developed, generic GPCR assay format that measures β-arrestin binding to GPCRs, to evaluate lipid receptor and ligand pairing. This assay eliminates interference from endogenous receptors on the parental cells because it measures a signal that is specifically generated by the tagged receptor and is immediately downstream of receptor activation. We screened a large number of newly “deorphaned” receptors (GPR23, GPR92, GPR55, G2A, GPR18, GPR3, GPR6, GPR12, and GPR63) and control receptors against a collection of ∼400 lipid molecules to try to identify the receptor ligand in an unbiased fashion. GPR92 was confirmed to be a lysophosphatidic acid receptor with weaker responses to farnesyl pyrophosphate and geranylgeranyl diphosphate. The putative cannabinoid receptor GPR55 responded strongly to AM251, rimonabant, and lysophosphatidylinositol but only very weakly to endocannabinoids. G2A receptor was confirmed to be an oxidized free fatty acid receptor. In addition, we discovered that 3,3′-diindolylmethane, a dietary molecule from cruciferous vegetables, which has known anti-cancer properties, to be a CB2 receptor partial agonist, with binding affinity around 1 μm. The anti-inflammatory effect of 3,3′-diindolylmethane in RAW264.7 cells was shown to be partially mediated by CB2.
Impact of dietary fiber fermentation from cereal grains on metabolite production by the fecal microbiota from normal weight and obese individuals.

Gut bacteria may influence obesity through the metabolites produced by dietary fiber fermentation (mainly, short-chain fatty acids [SCFA]). Five cereal grain samples (wheat, rye, maize [corn], rice, and oats) were subjected to in vitro digestion and fermentation using fecal samples from 10 obese and nine normal weight people. No significant differences in total SCFA production between the normal weight and obese groups were observed [279 (12) vs. 280 (12), mean (standard error), respectively; P=. 935]. However, the obese microbiota resulted in elevated propionate production compared with that of normal weight [24.8(2.2) vs. 17.8(1.9), respectively; P=. 008]. Rye appeared to be particularly beneficial among grain samples due to the lowest propionate production and highest butyrate production during fermentation. These data suggest that the dietary fibers from cereal grains affect bacterial metabolism differently in obese and normal weight classes and that certain grains may be particularly beneficial for promoting gut health in obese states.
Interferons and their actions.

Introducing a new hobby for other people may inspire them to join with you. Reading, as one of mutual hobby, is considered as the very easy hobby to do. But, many people are not interested in this hobby. Why? Boring is the reason of why. However, this feel actually can deal with the book and time of you reading. Yeah, one that we will refer to break the boredom in reading is choosing interferons and their actions as the reading material.
Posterior Spinal Fusion Versus Anterior/Posterior Spinal Fusion for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Decision Analysis

Study Design. Decision analysis. Objective. To determine the optimum surgical strategy for skeletally immature females with large idiopathic spinal curves. Summary of Background Data. Curve progression after posterior instrumentation is a concern for skeletally immature patients with large scoliotic curves. Anterior/posterior spinal fusion is preferred by some surgeons to treat this specific population. Combined fusions carry higher inherent risk of pulmonary and neurologic complication. Large data sets of complication rates have only recently become available. To date no direct comparison between the 2 approaches has been made using the most recent data. Methods. A model was constructed to compare the effectiveness of the 2 surgical approaches. Rates of complications and revisions were acquired from the surgical literature. Utilities were obtained from earlier studies and conversion of SF-36 data for the health states included the model. Effectiveness was measured by quality-adjusted life years. Sensitivity analysis was used to test the robustness of the model and identify variables that impact the clinical decision. Results. The results of our model showed anterior/posterior spinal fusion to be the preferred surgical approach for treating scoliosis in skeletally immature females. Anterior/posterior spinal fusion resulted in a net gain of 6.17 quality-adjusted life years. Variables that impacted the results of the model were the probability of curve progression for the 2 surgical approaches and the surgical mortality of anterior/posterior spinal fusion. Curve progression rates vary considerably in the literature and are based on small samples and dated surgical techniques. Conclusion. Our model favors anterior/posterior spinal fusion for surgical correction of large thoracic curves in skeletally immature females. The probability of curve progression after spinal fusion is the main variable that dictates the optimal surgical approach and rates in the literature are based on outdated surgical instrumentation. Future observational studies are warranted to acquire more accurate curve progression rates.
Can cranberry supplementation benefit adults with type 2 diabetes?

Cranberries ( Vaccinium macrocarpon ) are a rich source of phytochemicals, including anthocyanins and other flavonoids that may decrease lipid oxidation and protein glycosylation (1). Anthocyanins inhibit aldose reductase in vitro (2). Red wine anthocyanins improved urine and serum glucose levels and free radical control in streptozotocin-injected rats (3). Daily consumption of 200 ml chokeberry ( Aronia melanocarpa ) juice for 3 months lowered fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and lipid levels in people who had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for 6–17 years (4). Cranberry juice may decrease the …
Wirksamkeit und Wirkmechanismen von Psychotherapie bei der Behandlung der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) bei Kindern und Erwachsenen

The multicentre network being funded in the context of the program of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) on psychotherapy research is investigating effects and mechanisms of psychotherapy in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adults. Single projects are focussing (1) on the investigation of the efficacy of psychotherapy, stimulant medication, a combination of both and a control condition for the treatment of ADHD in adults, (2) on the investigation of the enhancement of the efficacy of parent training for children's ADHD by a precedent treatment of ADHD in affected mothers and (3) on the study of associations between neurobiological markers (neuroimaging, genetic variations) and treatment outcome. In the clinical trials modern standards of psychotherapy research are taken into account (e.g. sample size based on power calculation, randomized controlled trial, use of treatment manuals, measures to ensure treatment fidelity, blind observer rating of outcome, intention to treat analysis). Results are supposed to strengthen the evidence base of the treatment of ADHD and to contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of therapeutic change. On the one hand our network reinforces the co-operation of general psychiatry and child and adolescent psychiatry in diagnosis and treatment of ADHD over the lifespan, on the other hand the association between clinical and fundamental research is strengthened.
Mechanisms of progression of renal damage in lupus nephritis:Pathogenesis of renal scarring

Lupus nephritis results from an acute inflammatory and immunological response to renal immune complex deposition. The acute response is characterized by activation of circulating leukocytes and renal parenchymal cells, triggering the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. In all too many cases, this response is followed by a chronic response, which is characterized by excessive deposition of collagen and other extracellular matrix macromolecules and the development of end-stage renal disease. Mechanisms underlying this chronic response in progressive renal disease are not adequately defined. In this overview, potential roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) production in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis are considered. ROS and TGF-β may be key elements of a pathway leading to persistent and excessive matrix deposition in progressive lupus nephritis. Further studies to define the role of this pathway in lupus nephritis may lead to the development of additional, more specific therapeutic targets to prevent progression of renal disease.