Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Polarization of hot Jupiter systems: a likely detection of stellar activity and a possible detection of planetary polarization

We present high-precision linear polarization observations of four bright hot Jupiter systems (τ Boo, HD 179949, HD 189733, and 51 Peg) and use the data to search for polarized reflected light from the planets. The data for 51 Peg are consistent with a reflected light polarization signal at about the level expected with 2. 8σ significance and a false alarm probability of 1.9 per cent. More data will be needed to confirm a detection of reflected light in this system. HD 189733 shows highly variable polarization that appears to be most likely the result of magnetic activity of the host star. This masks any polarization due to reflected light, but a polarization signal at the expected level of ∼20 ppm cannot be ruled out. τ Boo and HD 179949 show no evidence for polarization due to reflected light. The results are consistent with the idea that many hot Jupiters have low geometric albedos. Conclusive detection of polarized reflected light from hot Jupiters is likely to require further improvements in instrument sensitivity.
DeepTrust: A Deep Learning Approach for Measuring Social Media Users Trustworthiness

Veracity of data posted on the microblog platforms has in recent years been a subject of intensive study by professionals specializing in various fields of informatics as well as sociology, particularly in the light of increasing importance of online tools for news spreading. On Twitter and similar sites, it is possible to report on ongoing situations globally with minimal delay, while the cost of such reporting remains negligible. One of the most important features of this social network is that content delivery can be customized to allow users to focus only on news items covering subject matters they find interesting. With this in mind, it becomes necessary to create verification mechanisms that can ascertain whether the claims made on Twitter can be taken seriously and prevent false content from spreading too far. This study demonstrates an innovative System for verification of information that can fulfill the role described above. The System is comprised of four mutually connected modules: a legacy module, a trustworthiness classifier; a module managing user authority, and a ranking procedure. All of the modules function within an integrated framework and jointly contribute to an accurate classification of messages and authors. Effectiveness of the solution was evaluated empirically on a sample of Twitter users, with a strict 10-fold evaluation procedure applied for each module. The findings indicate that the solution successfully meets the primary objectives of the study and performs its function as expected.
Unsupervised Domain Adaptation From Axial to Short-Axis Multi-Slice Cardiac MR Images by Incorporating Pretrained Task Networks

Anisotropic multi-slice Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) Images are conventionally acquired in patient-specific short-axis (SAX) orientation. In specific cardiovascular diseases that affect right ventricular (RV) morphology, acquisitions in standard axial (AX) orientation are preferred by some investigators, due to potential superiority in RV volume measurement for treatment planning. Unfortunately, due to the rare occurrence of these diseases, data in this domain is scarce. Recent research in deep learning-based methods mainly focused on SAX CMR images and they had proven to be very successful. In this work, we show that there is a considerable domain shift between AX and SAX images, and therefore, direct application of existing models yield sub-optimal results on AX samples. We propose a novel unsupervised domain adaptation approach, which uses task-related probabilities in an attention mechanism. Beyond that, cycle consistency is imposed on the learned patient-individual 3D rigid transformation to improve stability when automatically re-sampling the AX images to SAX orientations. The network was trained on 122 registered 3D AX-SAX CMR volume pairs from a multi-centric patient cohort. A mean 3D Dice of 0.86 ± 0.06 for the left ventricle, 0.65 ± 0.08 for the myocardium, and 0.77 ± 0.10 for the right ventricle could be achieved. This is an improvement of 25% in Dice for RV in comparison to direct application on axial slices. To conclude, our pre-trained task module has neither seen CMR images nor labels from the target domain, but is able to segment them after the domain gap is reduced. Code: https://github.com/Cardio-AI/3d-mri-domain-adaptation
Multiwavelength constraints on the unidentified Galactic TeV sources HESS J1427−608, HESS J1458−608, and new VHE γ-ray source candidates

Aims. Among the γ-ray sources discovered at high and very-high energies, a large fraction still lack a clear identification. In particular, the H.E. S.S. Galactic Plane Survey (HGPS) revealed 78 TeV sources among which 47 are not clearly associated with a known object. Multiwavelength data can help identify the origin of the very-high energy γ-ray emission, although some bright TeV sources have been detected without clear counterparts. We present a multiwavelength approach to constrain the origin of the emission from unidentified HGPS sources. Methods. We present a generic pipeline that explores a large database of multiwavelength archival data toward any region in the Galactic plane. Along with a visual inspection of the retrieved multiwavelength observations to search for faint and uncataloged counterparts, we derive a radio spectral index that helps disentangle thermal from nonthermal emission and a mean magnetic field through X-ray and TeV data in case of a leptonic scenario. We also search for a spectral connection between the GeV and the TeV regimes with the Fermi-LAT cataloged sources that may be associated with the unidentified HGPS source. We complete the association procedure with catalogs of known objects (supernova remnants, pulsar wind nebulae, H II regions, etc.) and with the source catalogs from instruments whose data are retrieved. Results. The method is applied on two unidentified sources, namely HESS J1427−608 and HESS J1458−608, for which the multiwavelength constraints favor the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) scenario. We model their broadband nonthermal spectra in a leptonic scenario with a magnetic field B ≲ 10 μG, which is consistent with that obtained from ancient PWNe. We place both sources within the context of the TeV PWN population to estimate the spin-down power and the characteristic age of the putative pulsar. We also shed light on two possibly significant γ-ray excesses in the HGPS: the first is located in the south of the unidentified source HESS J1632−478 and the second is spatially coincident with the synchrotron-emitting supernova remnant G28.6−0.1. The multiwavelength counterparts found toward both γ-ray excesses make these promising candidates for being new very-high energy γ-ray sources.
On BiHom-associative dialgebras

The aim of this paper is to introduce and study BiHom-associative dialgebras. We give various constructions and study their connections with BiHom-Leibniz algebras and BiHom-Poisson dialgebras. Next, we discuss the central extensions of BiHom-associative dialgebras and we describe the classification of $n$-dimensional BiHom-associative dialgebras for $n\leq 4$
Classification of Pedagogical content using conventional machine learning and deep learning model

The advent of the Internet and a large number of digital technologies has brought with it many different challenges. A large amount of data is found on the web, which in most cases is unstructured and unorganized, and this contributes to the fact that the use and manipulation of this data is quite a difficult process. Due to this fact, the usage of different machine and deep learning techniques for Text Classification has gained its importance, which improved this discipline and made it more interesting for scientists and researchers for further study. This paper aims to classify the pedagogical content using two different models, the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) from the conventional models and the Long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network from the deep learning models. The result indicates that the accuracy of classifying the pedagogical content reaches 92.52 % using KNN model and 87.71 % using LSTM model.
Self-Organizing Intelligent Matter: A blueprint for an AI generating algorithm

We propose an artificial life framework aimed at facilitating the emergence of intelligent organisms. In this framework there is no explicit notion of an agent: instead there is an environment made of atomic elements. These elements contain neural operations and interact through exchanges of information and through physics-like rules contained in the environment. We discuss how an evolutionary process can lead to the emergence of different organisms made of many such atomic elements which can coexist and thrive in the environment. We discuss how this forms the basis of a general AI generating algorithm. We provide a simplified implementation of such system and discuss what advances need to be made to scale it up further.
Genetic Variants of the MIF Gene and Susceptibility of Rectal Cancer

Background Rectal cancer (RC) has been documented to be a highly invasive malignant neoplasm worldwide. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a multifunctional cytokine involved in cell-mediated immunity, immunoregulation, inflammation. In vitro and in vivo studies have identified that MIF was involved in the carcinogenesis and progression of RC. Patients and Methods This case–control study evaluated associations of genetic variants of the MIF gene and serum level of MIF with susceptibility of RC. Results We found MIF level was associated with an increased risk of RC (OR for per unit: 1.38, 95% CI:1.32–1.44; P < 0.001). Both MIF rs2012133 (OR = 1.30; 95% CIs = 1.08–1.58; P = 0.007) and rs755622 (OR = 1.45; 95% CIs = 1.15–1.82; P = 0.002) were significantly associated with increased risk of RC. Besides, we also found MIF rs5844572 was significantly associated with increased susceptibility of RC, with OR for per CATT repeat of 1.28 (95% CIs: 1.16–1.41; P < 0.001). Further, we found all three variants of the MIF gene, rs5844572, rs2012133 and rs755622, could increase serum level of MIF. Conclusion This study suggests that MIF plays an important role in the carcinogenesis of RC and could be used as a biomarker for early detection and prediction of RC.
Effects of sympathectomy on myocardium remodeling and function

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of sympathectomy on the myocardium in an experimental model. METHODS: The study evaluated three groups of male Wistar rats: control (CT; n=15), left unilateral sympathectomy (UNI; n=15), and bilateral sympathectomy (BIL; n=31). Sympathectomy was performed by injection of absolute alcohol into the space of the spinous process of the C7 vertebra. After 6 weeks, we assessed the chronotropic properties at rest and stress, cardiovascular autonomic modulation, myocardial and peripheral catecholamines, and beta-adrenergic receptors in the myocardium. The treadmill test consisted of an escalated protocol with a velocity increment until the maximal velocity tolerated by the animal was reached. RESULTS: The bilateral group had higher levels of peripheral catecholamines, and consequently, a higher heart rate (HR) and blood pressure levels. This suggests that the activation of a compensatory pathway in this group may have deleterious effects. The BIL group had basal tachycardia immediately before the exercise test and increased tachycardia at peak exercise (p<0.01); the blood pressure had the same pattern (p=0.0365). The variables related to autonomic modulation were not significantly different between groups, with the exception of the high frequency (HF) variable, which showed significant differences in CT vs UNI. There was no significant difference in beta receptor expression between groups. There was a higher concentration of peripheral norepinephrine in the BIL group (p=0.0001), and no significant difference in myocardial norepinephrine (p=0.09). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that an extra cardiac compensatory pathway increases the sympathetic tonus and maintains a higher HR and higher levels of peripheral catecholamines in the procedure groups. The increase in HF activity can be interpreted as an attempt to increase the parasympathetic tonus to balance the greater sympathetic activity.
Ultrasound-guided peripheral abdominal wall blocks

The practice of regional anesthesia is in a state of progressive evolution, mainly due to the advent of ultrasound as an anesthesiologist's instrument. Alternative techniques for postoperative analgesia of abdominal surgeries, such as transversus abdominis plane block, oblique subcostal transversus abdominis plane block, rectus abdominis muscle sheath block, ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve block, and quadratus lumborum plane block, have proven useful, with good analgesic efficacy, especially when neuroaxial techniques (spinal anesthesia or epidural anesthesia) are not possible. This review discusses such blockades in detail, including the anatomical principles, indications, techniques, and potential complications.
Exchange Reactions with Activation Energy. I. Simple Barrier Potential for (H, H2)

A quasiclassical procedure for the examination of the collision dynamics of atom—diatomic‐molecule reactions with activation energy is introduced. By means of Monte Carlo averages over a large number of appropriately chosen three‐dimensional classical trajectories, the total reaction cross section (Sr) and other reaction attributes can be determined as a function of the initial relative velocity (Vr) and the initial molecular rotation‐vibration state (J, ν). The method is applied to the exchange reaction resulting from a hydrogen atom and a hydrogen molecule moving on a simple barrier potential of the London—Eyring—Polanyi—Sato type. It is found that Sr is a monotonically increasing function of relative velocity that rises smoothly from a threshold at ∼0.9×106 cm/sec to its asymptotic value of ∼4.5a02 at ∼1.8×106 cm/sec. The zero‐point vibrational energy of the molecule contributes to the energy required for reaction, but the rotational energy does not. The reaction probability, which depends on VR, ν, and.
Determinants of the Community Knowledge and Attitude Towards HIV Prevention Methods in Majang Zone, Southwest Ethiopia

Background Although in Ethiopia there is a high burden of HIV/AIDS, the community knowledge and attitude towards HIV/AIDS prevention has not been investigated adequately. Thus, this study assessed the determinants of the community knowledge and attitude towards HIV/AIDS prevention in the Majang zone which is the zone with the highest HIV prevalence in Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Majang zone, southwest Ethiopia from March 1st to May 31st, 2019 by including randomly selected 845 adults. Knowledge and attitude towards HIV prevention methods were dependent variables. The independent variables include socio-demographic characteristics and behavioral factors. A binary logistic regression was employed to determine the association using the odds ratio at 95% confidence intervals. A p-value of less than 5% was considered to declare the final significance. Results Of 845 respondents recruited, 772 participated yielding a 91.4% response rate. Not sharing contaminated sharp materials (63.4%), consistent condom use (61.2%), and abstinence (57.9%) were the prevention methods mentioned by majority of the respondents. Only two of five respondents (39.6%) had good HIV prevention knowledge. More than half [412 (53.4%)] of the respondents had a positive attitude towards HIV prevention. The independent determinants of HIV prevention knowledge were secondary educational status (AOR=1.84; 95% CI=1.04, 3.24), tertiary and above educational status (AOR=2.01; 95% CI=1.07, 3.75) and positive HIV prevention attitude (AOR=1.89; 95% CI=1.39, 2.57). Similarly, age of greater than 27 years (AOR=2.13; 95% CI=1.55, 2.95) and good HIV prevention knowledge (AOR=1.83; 95% CI=1.35, 2.48) were significantly associated with a positive HIV prevention attitude. Conclusion This study revealed insufficient HIV prevention knowledge and attitude in the community with the highest HIV prevalence. To achieve the goal of ending the HIV epidemic, health education should be considered using different innovative approaches especially by prioritizing young and less educated individuals.
Sulfones and Sulfoxides

The article contains sections titled: 1. Sulfones 1.1. Physical and Chemical Properties 1.2. Synthesis 1.2.1. Oxidation of Thioethers (Sulfides) 1.2.2. Alkylation of Sulfinic Acid Derivatives 1.2.3. Addition of Sulfinic Acid Derivatives to Multiple Bonds 1.2.4. Rearrangement of Sulfinates 1.2.5. Sulfones from Sulfonyl Carbanions 1.2. 6. Addition of Sulfur Dioxide 1.3. Reactions 1.4. Industrial Uses 2. Sulfoxides 2.1. Physical and Chemical Properties 2.2. Synthesis 2.2.1. Oxidation of Sulfides 2.2.2. Reaction of Sulfur Dioxide with Aromatics 2.2.3. Sulfoxides from Sulfinates 2.2.4. α,β-Unsaturated Sulfoxides 2.2.5. Optically Active Sulfoxides 2.3. Reactions 2.3.1. Reactions of α-Sulfinyl Carbanions 2.3.2. Reactions with Grignard Reagents 2.3. 3. Pummerer Rearrangement 2.3. 4. Oxidation and Reduction 2.4. Uses 2.5. Dimethyl Sulfoxide 2.5. 1. Production 2.5. 2. Uses 2.5. 3. Reactions 3. Toxicology 3.1. Sulfones 3.2. Dimethyl Sulfoxide 4. Acknowledgement
In Situ Conductivity, Impedance Spectroscopy, and Ex Situ Raman Spectra of Amorphous Silicon during the Insertion/Extraction of Lithium

The electrical conductivity and the impedance behavior of thin layers of amorphous silicon (a-Si), which are promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, were monitored in situ during the insertion/extraction of lithium in 1 M of a LiBOB (Li-bioxalato borate) propylene carbonate solution. In addition, Raman spectra of the same electrodes were recorded in situ and ex situ during lithiation/delithiation processes in the above-mentioned solutions. The conductivity of the a-Si electrode was increased by about 3.5 orders of magnitude during the course of lithium insertion. While the impedance response of these electrodes is complicated and cannot be resolved unambiguously, it is clear that the electrical conductivity influences strongly the electrodes' impedance: a similar dependence of the electrical conductivity and the impedance of these electrodes on the potential are measured. The intensity of the Raman signal dropped significantly upon lithiation and recovered at a potential of 0.523 V vs Li/Li+.
Patient and Provider Satisfaction With Telemedicine in Otolaryngology

Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate patient and provider satisfaction with telemedicine encounters across 3 otolaryngology practices. Study Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting A military community hospital, an academic military hospital, and a nonmilitary academic center. Methods A telephone-based survey of patients undergoing telemedicine encounters for routine otolaryngology appointments was performed between April and July 2020. Patients were asked about their satisfaction, the factors affecting care, and demographic information. A provider survey was emailed to staff otolaryngologists. The survey asked about satisfaction, concerns for reimbursement or liability, encounters best suited for telemedicine, and demographic information. The results were analyzed with descriptive statistics and a multivariable logistic linear regression model to determine odds ratios. Results A total of 325 patients were surveyed, demonstrating high satisfaction with telemedicine (average score, 4.49 of 5 [best possible answer]). Patients perceived “no negative impact” or “minor negative impact” on the encounter due to the lack of a physical examination or face-to-face interaction (1.86 and 1.95 of 5, respectively). High satisfaction was consistent across groups for distance to travel, age, and reason for referral. A total of 25 providers were surveyed, with an average satisfaction score of 3.44 of 5. Providers reported “slight” to “somewhat” concern about reimbursement (40%) and liability (32%). Conclusion Given patients’ and providers’ levels of satisfaction, there is likely a role for telemedicine in otolaryngology practice that may benefit patient care independent of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Pyogenic Liver Abscess and Endogenous Endophthalmitis Due to K64-ST1764 Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae: A Case Report

Rationale Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae, KP) are divided into two types: classic K. pneumoniae (cKP) and hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKP). hvKP causes liver abscess and metastatic infection. Here, we report one case with pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) and endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) due to a relatively rarely reported serotype of K. pneumoniae in China. Patient Concerns An 80-year old man presented with nausea, vomiting, and epigastric discomfort for 2 weeks. Diagnoses PLA was identified by CT scan and abdominal ultrasound. Urgent ophthalmologic consultation was performed. B-scan ocular ultrasound was done and he was diagnosed as EE. Interventions Antibiotic treatment, intravitreal injection of eyes and eye drops were given. Percutaneous needle aspiration, evisceration, and drainage of the right eye were performed. Outcomes Cultures of the blood, the aspirated pus from the liver abscess, and the contents of the eyeball all yielded K. pneumoniae with a positive string test. The capsular serotype was K64. According to the existence of multiple virulence genes and the severe invasive clinical manifestation, this strain is regarded as a hvKp strain. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) revealed the sequence type (ST) of this strain was K64-ST1764. Antimicrobial resistance genes, blaNDM-1 and blaKPC-2, were not detected in the genome. The patient lost his eyesight but his symptoms subsided. During 15 months follow-up, the result was satisfactory. Lessons Here, we report one case with PLA due to a relatively rarely reported serotype of K. pneumoniae in China. This K64 K. pneumoniae strain is confirmed as hvKp by multiple methods. It is noteworthy that the sequence type is K64-ST1764 instead of the commonest ST11. Moreover, this strain is not considered a K. pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae (KPC-Kp) or a carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) as it is usually. Further follow-up and research are required to investigate this strain.
Use of linear scans to obtain |Fhkl|2 and the integrated intensity

An alternative method for determining the structure factor of a Bragg reflection is described. For broad reflections, the structure factor can be obtained from linear scans through the reflection in reciprocal space. The best known geometry corrections, i.e. Lorentz, polarization and area (volume) factors, are properly taken into account. In modern diffractometers, scans in reciprocal space are standard operations controlled by the diffractometer software program. The necessary corrections and diffractometer slit settings for the use of the new method are described.