Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The use of nitric oxide-donating nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the chemoprevention of colorectal neoplasia

Purpose of review Nitric oxide-donating nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are emerging as a promising class of compounds for the chemoprevention of colon cancer. Recent progress in their preclinical and mechanistic evaluation is reviewed. Recent findings Compared to their parent compounds, nitric oxide-donating nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are up to several hundred times more potent in inhibiting the growth of colon cancer cell lines and also quite effective in preventing colon cancer in various tumor animal models. Their chemopreventive effect is brought about through a strong cell kinetic effect, including inhibition of proliferation, induction of cell death and inhibition of cell cycle phase transitions. The induction of oxidative stress appears mechanistically crucial. Pleiotropic effects on cell signaling have been identified including Wnt, NOS2, mitogen-activated protein kinase and Nrf2 signaling. Nitric oxide-donating nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, particularly nitric oxide-donating aspirin, appear to be very safe compounds, as evidenced from many animal and early human studies. Summary Nitric oxide-donating nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs hold the promise of being safe and effective chemopreventive agents against colon cancer. Clinical trials are needed to determine whether these drugs can be applied clinically.
A Case of Duodenal Duplication Cyst Manifested by Duodenal Polyp

Duodenal duplication cyst is a rare anomaly, totaling only 4% to 12% of gastrointestinal duplications, and is usually encountered during infancy or in early childhood. Most are commonly located posterior to the first or second portion of the duodenum. Presenting signs and symptoms include vomiting, decreased oral intake, periumbilical tenderness, abdominal distention, obstructive jaundice, acute pancreatitis, and gastrointestinal bleeding. The traditional treatment of a duodenal duplication cyst has been complete surgical resection, but very few cases of endoscopic treatment have been reported in the literature. Here, we report a case of duodenal duplication cyst that was manifested by a duodenal polyp.
Digital breast tomosynthesis: observer performance study.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare in a retrospective observer study the diagnostic performance of full-field digital mammography (FFDM) with that of digital breast tomosynthesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight experienced radiologists interpreted images from 125 selected examinations, 35 with verified findings of cancer and 90 with no finding of cancer. The four display conditions included FFDM alone, 11 low-dose projections, reconstructed digital breast tomosynthesis images, and a combined display mode of FFDM and digital breast tomosynthesis images. Observers rated examinations using the screening BI-RADS rating scale and the free-response receiver operating characteristic paradigm. Observer performance levels were measured as the proportion of examinations prompting recall of patients for further diagnostic evaluation. The results were presented in terms of true-positive fraction and false-positive fraction. Performance levels were compared among the acquisitions and reading modes. Time to view and interpret an examination also was evaluated. RESULTS Use of the combination of digital breast tomosynthesis and FFDM was associated with 30% reduction in recall rate for cancer-free examinations that would have led to recall if FFDM had been used alone (p < 0.0001 for the participating radiologists, p = 0.047 in the context of a generalized population of radiologists). Use of digital breast tomosynthesis alone also tended to reduce recall rates, an average of 10%, although the observed decrease was not statistically significant (p = 0.09 for the participating radiologists). There was no convincing evidence that use of digital breast tomosynthesis alone or in combination with FFDM results in a substantial improvement in sensitivity. CONCLUSION Use of digital breast tomosynthesis for breast imaging may result in a substantial decrease in recall rate.
ORGANIZATIONAL FACTORS INFLUENCING THE E-COMMERCE ADOPTION BY INDONESIAN SMEs

The use of e-commerce in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) has become an important topic of many studies. In fact, this is related to the potential benefits of e-commerce for SMEs. Several studies on ecommerce adoption by SMEs in developing countries have been conducted and can be found in the literature. This includes studies of e-commerce for SMEs in Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Iran, Brunei, Turkey and some other countries. Unfortunately there are still a few studies for that in Indonesia, particularly in West Java province. In addition, only a few studies have been conducted to produce a model that can explain the success of SMEs in adopting e-commerce systems, especially in Indonesia. This paper presents some results of a preliminary study with the aim to explore organizational factors influencing e-commerce adoption by the SMEs. Three exploratory case studies in three manufacturing SMEs in West Java were addressed in the study. The result of this study indicates several variables organizational factors that affect e-commerce adoption in West Java SMEs. These organizational factors include: IT skills of the users, IT knowledge of the owner/manager, management support, funding capacity, and the required effort. Finally, the case studies also revealed that staff turnover has a big influence on the adoption of e-commerce by SMEs.
Parents' attributions for their children's behavior.

Parents' attributions for children's behavior are of interest both as a form of adult social cognition and as possible contributors to children's development. This article reviews work on the determinants and the effects of parents' attributions. Included in the discussion of possible determinants are characteristics of the target (e.g., age and sex), characteristics of the judge (e.g., mothers vs. fathers), and characteristics of the behavior to be explained (e.g., positive or negative). Included in the discussion of possible effects are effects on parents' affect and behavior and on children's development. The evidence suggests that parents do form attributions for their children's behavior and that these attributions vary in predictable (although not perfectly consistent) ways across judges, targets, and outcomes. The evidence also suggests, although less certainly, that attributions affect both parents' behavior and children's development. The review concludes with suggestions for future research.
Circulating immunoglobulin G can play a critical role in clearance of intestinal reovirus infection

Reoviruses are encapsidated double-stranded RNA viruses that cause systemic disease in mice after peroral (p.o.) inoculation and primary replication in the intestine. In this study, we define components of the immune system involved in the clearing of reovirus from the proximal small intestine. The intestines of immunocompetent adult CB17, 129, and C57BL/6 mice were cleared of reovirus serotype 3 clone 9 (T3C9) within 7 days of p.o. inoculation. Antigen-specific lymphocytes were important for the clearance of intestinal infection, since severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice failed to clear T3C9 infection. To define specific immune components required for intestinal clearance, reovirus infection of mice with null mutations in the immunoglobulin M (IgM) transmembrane exon (MuMT; B cell and antibody deficient) or beta 2 microglobulin gene (beta 2-/-; CD8 deficient) was evaluated. beta 2-/- mice cleared reovirus infection with normal kinetics, while MuMT mice showed delayed clearance of T3C9 7 to 11 days after p.o. inoculation. Adoptive transfer of splenic lymphocytes from reovirus-immune CB17 mice inhibited growth of T3C9 in CB17 SCID mouse intestine 11 days after p.o. inoculation. The efficiency of viral clearance by adoptively transferred cells was significantly diminished by depletion of B cells prior to adoptive transfer. Results in SCID and MuMT mice demonstrate an important role for B cells or IgG in clearance of reovirus from the intestines. Polyclonal reovirus-immune rabbit serum, protein A-purified immune IgG, and murine monoclonal IgG2a antibody specific for reovirus outer capsid protein sigma 3 administered intraperitoneally all normalized clearance of reovirus from intestinal tissue in MuMT mice. This result demonstrates an IgA-independent role for IgG in the clearance of intestinal virus infection. Polyclonal reovirus-immune serum also significantly decreased reovirus titers in the intestines of SCID mice, demonstrating a T-cell-independent role for antibody in the clearance of intestinal reovirus infection. B cells and circulating IgG play an important role in the clearance of reovirus from intestines, suggesting that IgG may play a more prominent functional role at mucosal sites of primary viral replication than was previously supposed.
Dielectrophoretic behavior of yeast cells: effect of growth sources and cell wall and a comparison with fungal spores

Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed different dielectrophoretic behavior depending on the source of carbon for growth. Growth on fermentable carbon sources produced a dielectrophoretic response that decreased according to the amount of sugar present in the culture medium. Growth on nonfermentable carbon sources produced a constant dielectrophoretic yield, independent of the amount and source of carbon present in the medium. The dielectrophoretic yield, however, was independent of the nitrogen source. The yield spectrum for S. cerevisiae protoplasts was similar to that for the cells, although a decrease in the absolute value was observed. This decrease could be explained by the reduction in cell size and by assuming that the cell wall contributes a negative net charge to the yield. Fungal spores responded to the nonuniform electric field in the same range of frequencies as assayed for yeast cells.
Septal Localization of Penicillin-Binding Protein 1 in Bacillus subtilis

ABSTRACT Previous studies have shown that Bacillus subtiliscells lacking penicillin-binding protein 1 (PBP1), encoded byponA, have a reduced growth rate in a variety of growth media and are longer, thinner, and more bent than wild-type cells. It was also recently shown that cells lacking PBP1 require increased levels of divalent cations for growth and are either unable to grow or grow as filaments in media low in Mg2+, suggesting a possible involvement of PBP1 in septum formation under these conditions. Using epitope-tagging and immunofluorescence microscopy, we have now shown that PBP1 is localized at division sites in vegetative cells of B. subtilis. In addition, we have used fluorescence and electron microscopy to show that growingponA mutant cells display a significant septation defect, and finally by immunofluorescence microscopy we have found that while FtsZ localizes normally in most ponA mutant cells, a significant proportion of ponA mutant cells display FtsZ rings with aberrant structure or improper localization, suggesting that lack of PBP1 affects FtsZ ring stability or assembly. These results provide strong evidence that PBP1 is localized to and has an important function in the division septum in B. subtilis. This is the first example of a high-molecular-weight class A PBP that is localized to the bacterial division septum.
Analysis of Flood Risk Due to Sea Level Rise in the Menor Sea (Murcia, Spain)

This article analyzes the coastal vulnerability and flood risk due to sea level rise in the Menor Sea, Murcia (Spain). The vulnerability has been estimated from Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 satellite imagery using Remote Sensing techniques. The risk of coastal flooding was calculated based on various time scenarios (X0-current, X1-100 years, X2-500 years, X3-1000 years, X4-Storm, X5-Tsunami). Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing techniques were used to build a regional model to predict changes in the mean sea level for several future scenarios, showing susceptible areas to be flooded. We have included new parameters to the model such as swell, mareal range or neotectonic factors aiming to better adjust it to the local conditions. The results showed a high risk of flooding in the barrier beach and coastal areas of the Menor Sea, with a medium to very high degree of vulnerability for the most populated and touristic areas. The maximum and minimum expected increase of the water sheet for the 100 year scenarios ranged from +4.22 to +5.69 m. This methodology can establish sectors that need structural measures to minimize the impact of the sea level rise occurring due to natural tendency in the short or long term, as well as by extreme events such as storm surges or tsunamis. Furthermore, it can be used in other areas to assist land management decision makers to reduce or mitigate the vulnerability and risk presented against the rise of the sea level.
Alphavirus-induced apoptosis in mouse brains correlates with neurovirulence

Sindbis virus induces apoptotic cell death in cultured cell lines, raising the possibility that apoptosis of infected neurons and other target cells in vivo may contribute to the resulting disease and mortality. To investigate the role of apoptosis in Sindbis virus pathogenesis, infected mouse brains were assayed by the in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling technique and for DNA ladder formation. Infection with recombinant Sindbis virus strain 633 resulted in widespread apoptosis in newborn mouse brains and spinal cords, but few apoptotic cells were observed following infection of 2-week-old animals. This finding correlates with the age-dependent mortality observed in mice. The more neurovirulent virus TE, which differs from 633 by a single amino acid in the E2 glycoprotein, induced significant apoptosis in brains and spinal cords of 2-week-old animals, consistent with its ability to cause fatal disease in older animals. Double-labeling experiments demonstrated that the apoptotic cells were also infected with Sindbis virus. Thus, Sindbis virus-induced apoptosis appears to be a result of virus infection and is likely to reflect pathogenic mechanisms for other viruses.
EFFECT AND MECHANISM OF INORGANIC CARBON ON THE BIODEGRADATION OF DIMETHYL PHTHALATE BY CHLORELLA PYRENOIDOSA

ABSTRACT The effect and mechanism of inorganic carbon (IC) on the biodegradation of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) by a green microalga Chlorella pyrenoidosa was investigated. It was indicated that DMP could be used as the sole carbon source to support the slow heterotrophic growth of C. pyrenoidosa, but both the growth of C. pyrenoidosa and the biodegradation rate of DMP were obviously increased when initial inorganic carbon concentration (IC) was increased from 0.6 to 23.7 mg/l. Phthalic acid (PA) was found to be an intermediate product of DMP biodegradation and accumulated in the culture solution, which caused a sharp decrease in pH of medium and inhibited both the growth of alga and the biodegradation of DMP. The role of IC for improving the biodegradation of DMP was both to supply a favorite carbon source to support the rapid growth of alga and to mitigate the decrease of pH because of the production of PA. A suggested second-order kinetic equation of organic pollutant biodegradation by microalgae (−dC/dt = K N r) fitted well with the experimental data and the correlation coefficients were all above 0.9. The second-order constant (K) apparently declined with the increase of initial IC because lower ratio between organic carbon from DMP and IC was used to support the growth of alga when initial IC increased.
An oscillator array using positive feedback type push-push oscillators and directional phase shifters

An oscillator array using a positive feedback type Push-Push oscillator is presented. The coupling circuit used for the oscillator array is a directional phase shifter consists of a directional coupler and a reflection type phase shifter using a Ronde coupler. An oscillating signal in the feedback loop of Push-Push oscillator is injected into that of the adjacent oscillator via the coupling circuit. The Push-Push oscillators are synchronized and the phase difference between the output signals is controlled by the injection signal. Performance of two-element and three-element oscillator arrays are demonstrated and compared. In the three elements oscillator array, phase shift about 140 degrees is obtained between the output signals of adjacent oscillators in Ku band.
The relative importance of trade verses FDI-led economic growth in Thailand

This chapter investigates the relative strength of the contributions of trade openness and FDI inflows towards economic growth of Thailand, taking account of the importance of human capital and other conditioning factors as a source of technology transfer in facilitating growth. Using Granger causality tests conducted within a vector-error-correction framework, the authors find significant evidence of the complementarities between domestic investment and trade openness, providing support for import-led growth. In contrast, direct support for FDI-led growth is relatively weak, which implies that trade openness has played a more significant role than FDI in influencing Thai economic growth. However, the results reveal a subtle role for technology transfer through the complementary effect of trade on FDI, and FDI on government expenditure, which henceforth influences human capital development with spillovers into domestic investment and growth. This leads us to argue that there is a potential role for FDI interacting with human capital in influencing the future development of the Thai economy, given its active policy of FDI promotion over the past decade. The Relative Importance of Trade vs. FDI-Led Economic Growth in Thailand
An Econometric Assessment of Performance of Indian Capital Market

During last two and half decades there has been a paradigm shift in Indian capital market. The applications of technology in the payment and settlement systems have made the Indian capital market comparable with the international capital markets. Now, the market features a developed regulatory mechanism and a modern market infrastructure with growing market capitalization, market liquidity, and mobilisation of resources. However, the market has witnessed its worst time with the recent global financial crisis that originated from the US sub-prime mortgage market and spread over to the entire world as a contagion. The capital market of India registered a sluggish performance. In this context, it is imperative to conduct empirical analysis to study the performance of Indian capital market. It is with this backdrop, this paper attempts to analyse the key market parameters such as market size, market liquidity, market turnover ratio, market volatility, and market efficiency of Indian capital market over a period from 2002 to 2009 so as to assess its performance. The application of time series econometric model provides the evidence of greater volatility and weak form inefficiency of the market. However, the market shows strong potential for greater market size, more liquidity and reasonable market turnover ratio.
Colorectal cancer: evidence for distinct genetic categories based on proximal or distal tumor location.

PURPOSE To examine studies of normal colon and colorectal cancer for evidence that the location of the primary tumor proximal or distal to the splenic flexure of the colon may determine distinct genetic categories of this disease. DATA IDENTIFICATION Studies were identified through a manual search of journals, through MEDLINE, and through review of bibliographies in identified articles. STUDY SELECTION Approximately 300 articles were examined. About 150 articles were excluded because tumor location was not reported or was reported in a way that did not permit correlation with results or conclusions. DATA EXTRACTION Articles were selected either because the presentation of data permitted correlation of results with anatomic regions of the colon or because they were relevant to inherited colorectal cancer. RESULTS OF THE ANALYSIS: Differences were noted in biologic properties of proximal and distal segments of normal fetal and adult colonic epithelium and in the epidemiologic, pathologic, cytogenetic, and molecular features of proximal and distal colorectal cancer. Some differences correlated with the features of inherited colorectal cancer (proximal, nonpolyposis or distal, and polyposis forms). CONCLUSIONS Developmental and biologic differences in proximal and distal colon may reflect differing susceptibilities to neoplastic transformation. Differences in proximal and distal colorectal cancer suggest that each may arise through different pathogenetic mechanisms. Proximal tumors appear to represent a genetically more stable form of the disease and may arise through the same mechanisms that underlie inherited nonpolyposis colon cancer. Distal tumors show evidence of greater genetic instability and may develop through the same mechanisms that underlie polyposis-associated colorectal cancer syndromes.
Effectiveness of the Information Technology-Aided Program of Relapse Prevention in Schizophrenia (ITAREPS): A Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind Study

Purpose. To evaluate the effectiveness of the Information Technology-Aided Program of Re lapse Prevention in Schizophrenia (ITAREPS). Methods. Relapse-prone outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were randomized to the active (n=75) or control group (n=71). In the active arm, according to the protocol, investigators were prompted to increase the antipsychotic dose upon occurrence of a pharmacological inter vention requiring event (PIRE) detected by ITAREPS. Results. Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis found no between-group difference in the hospitalization-free survival rate at 12 months. However, the trial suffered from high non-adherence of investigators in the active group, with no antipsychotic dose increase in 61% of PIREs. Furthermore, Cox regression analysis showed a 11-fold increased risk of hospitalization in the absence of pharmacological intervention following a PIRE (hazard ratio [HR]=10.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4–80.0; p=0.002). Therefore, a post-hoc as-treated analysis was performed, which demonstrated a nine-fold reduction in the risk of hospitalization in ITAREPS Algorithm-Adherers (IAAs, n=25) compared with the ITAREPS Non-interventional group (INIs, n=70; Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, HR=0.11, 95% CI 0.05–0.28, p=0.009; number needed to treat [NNT]=4, 95% CI 3–10). A significant difference in favor of the IAA group was seen in the number of inpatient days (p<0.05) and costs (p<0.05). Conclusion. Future ITAREPS trials should target the underlying mechanisms that cause low investigator adherence to the program. Trial registration: Clinical Trials NCT00712660 (Journal of Psychiatric Practice 2012;18:269–280)