Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence from CEOs at Work

We develop a new survey instrument to codify CEOs’ diaries in large samples and use it to measure the labor supply of 1,114 family and professional CEOs of manufacturing firms across six countries (Brazil, France, Germany, India, the United Kingdom and the United States). By this measure, family CEOs work 9% fewer hours relative to professional CEOs. Di↵erence in di↵erences estimates with respect to the opportunity cost of leisure reveal that the pattern we observe is consistent with di↵erences in preferences for leisure, rather than optimal responses to di↵erences in technology or organization correlated with ownership. Di↵erences in labor supply are larger in countries where inheritance laws favor wealth concentration and are correlated with di↵erences in firm performance. ⇤Acknowledgements: We would like to thank Marianne Bertrand, Nick Bloom, Deepak Hegde, Luis Garicano, Lakshmi Iyer, Daniel Paravisini, Damon Phillips, Antoinette Schoar, Scott Stern, John Van Reenen, Daniel Wolfenzon, Chris Woodru↵, Julie Wulf, and participants at seminars in Bocconi, Columbia, Duke, Frankfurt, Harvard, Helsinki, LBS, LSE, Mannheim, Michigan, MIT, Munich, Northwestern, Queens Business School, Stanford, AEA, EEA. EARIE and NBER Summer Meetings for useful comments. Our partnership with Renata Lemos and the support of Anjali Reina and Tanya Bijlani from the HBS India Research Center have been particularly important in the development of the project. Kashyap Shah has provided excellent research assistance. We would like to thank Columbia Business School, Harvard Business School, the International Growth Center, and the Kau↵man Foundation for their financial support. Corresponding author: Ra↵aella Sadun, Harvard Business School, Morgan 233, email: rsadun@hbs.edu.
The Causal Ordering of Key Cross-Functional Relationship Dimensions: A Replication Study Using the Marketing/R&D Relationship

How do working relationships between functional managers develop, and how are they maintained? Does interpersonal trust drive communication, or is communication the building block of interpersonal trust? Massey and Dawes (2002) examined the causal ordering of three key behavioural constructs⎯communication behaviours, interpersonal trust, and interpersonal conflict in cross-functional relationships between Marketing Managers and Sales Managers. By using three competing models they found evidence that CFRs are built on a foundation of effective communication, specifically, bidirectional communication. This current paper is a replication of their study in the context of the Marketing/R&D relationship during 184 Australian new product development projects. It contributes to the literature by corroborating the causal ordering suggested by Massey and Dawes (2002). These findings have significant implications for the selection of strategies by senior management to better integrate the Marketing and R&D functions.
Lower Extremities Biomechanics Patterns of Obese and Normal Body Mass Adults during Stairs Ascent and Descent

Obesity has been clinically implicated with musculoskeletal disorders such as osteoarthritis (OA) as a result of the direct load involving weight bearing joints [18]. Obesity is the number one risk factor for the progression of knee OA and may have long-term adverse effects on the knee joint [9]. The most prominent physical characteristic seen in knee osteoarthritis is joint space narrowing in the medial and lateral tibio-femoral compartments [1]. Sturmer et al., (2000) [18] reported a strong association between obesity and bilateral knee osteoarthritis which may potentially lead to changes in stair ambulation patterns in an obese population. When the joints of the lower extremity have an added load placed on them, joint degeneration occurs. Gait analyses of obese individuals have identified kinematic and kinetic adaptations when compared to normal body mass (normal mass) population [12], however limited research is available when comparing obese individuals to normal mass individuals during ascending and descending stairs.
MINERAL COMPOSITION OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAF MEAL (MOLM) AND THE RESPONSES OF ROSS 308 BROILERS TO MOLM SUPPLEMENTATION

A 42-day study was designed to determine the mineral composition of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) and the response of Ross 308 broilers to dietary MOLM supplementation. Day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks (n = 500) were allotted to five treatments in completely randomized design with each group replicated five times with each replicate having 20 chicks. Birds received diets supplemented with MOLM at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/kg feed, respectively and assigned T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5. MOLM level that supported optimum variables was modelled using the quadratic function. At day 42, three birds per replicate were slaughtered to evaluate carcass and organ yields. Results of mineral assay indicate that MOLM was high in calcium, sodium, potassium, sulphur and iron. Daily feed intake (FI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio were the same among the groups with the exception of starter broilers on diet T1 that had higher ADG (p < 0.05) than those on the other diets. Final live weight (FLW), mortality and gizzard weight were influenced (p < 0.05) by MOLM supplementation. MOLM supplementation had no effect on other parameters measured. MOLM supplementation at 39.98 and 35.80 g/kg feed supported optimum FLW and ADG at starter phase and 46.88 g/kg feed MOLM supported optimum FLW at finisher phase. In conclusion, MOLM is a good source of nutrients and suitable for production of enhanced cut parts in broiler chickens. Keyword: alternative feedstuffs, broilers, optimization, production outputs, South Africa
Performance Analysis of Acceleration Sensor for Movement Detection in Vehicle Security System

The vehicle security system is a critical part of an entire car system in order to prevent unauthorized access into the car. As the statistic has shown that the number of cases of the private car being stolen is increasing and the recovery rate is decreasing sharply, it shows that the car security system failed to perform to prevent unauthorized access. Most of the vehicle security system simply consists of a few door-open detection switches, siren, and remote control to protect the car, which appears to be weak against experienced car theft. Therefore, the project is carried out to develop a vehicle security system that can measure the dynamic acceleration inside the vehicle using the ADXL345 accelerometer and locate the coordinate of the vehicle by using U-Blox Neo-6M GPS receiver. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed vehicle security system, the experiment to determine the most suitable position among the four places inside a car to place the device was conducted. Then, the performance analysis of the GPS receiver for accurate tracking also was done. The results showed that the most suitable position to place the device is inside the center of the car dashboard and the GPS receiver has a mean cold start-up time of 5 minutes 47 seconds and hot start-up time of 11.72 seconds, with a standard deviation of 0.000003706° in latitude and 0.000002762° in longitude for position tracking.
Mechanical Properties In Relation To Specific Gravity In 342 Chinese Woods

Based on 342 Chinese timber species separated into five distinct categories, relationships of various wood mechanical properties (S) with specific gravity (G) were examined at: 1) species rank; 2) generic rank; 3) the category rank as well as in all the softwoods or hardwoods as a whole. The curvilinear equation (S = αG β ) was compared with the linear one (S = a + bG) in terms of the goodness at predicting mechanical properties through specific gravity. The results indicate that the mechanical property-specific gravity relationship varies remarkably with the taxonomic rank, the wood category, and wood mechanical property. Further, the goodness of the two equations in terms of the coefficient of determination also varies appreciably with the rank, the wood category, and wood mechanical property. As a whole, however, the curvilinear equation appears to be better than the linear one at predicting most mechanical properties, particularly at species rank and in terms of the regression coefficients.
DEVELOPING A CELLULAR AUTOMATA MODEL FOR SIMULATING RAINFALL-RUNOFF PROCESS (CASE STUDY: BABOL CATCHMENT)

Abstract. The rainfall-runoff process is one of the central aspects of hydrology. In the rainfall-runoff process, the fast accumulation of rainwater in the catchments and rivers may lead to a flood disaster. To prevent and manage such disasters, it is essential to model and simulate the runoff process. The cellular automata (CA) is a computational model that can represent and simulate complex and dynamic natural phenomena. The main objective of this research is to develop a CA model of the rainfall-runoff process and to use it for simulating and representation of the runoff in the Babol catchment. The study is carried out in two main steps. First, several data manipulation and analyses in ArcGIS 10.3 software are used to prepare the input data of the CA model. In the second step, the CA model is developed and implemented in the NetLogo 6.0. 4 platform. The total amount of runoff in each cell during the year 2016 was calculated and presented as the output of the model. A map of the total generated runoff can be an important tool for flood management decision-makers and it can also be used for managing the catchment and assessing the water resources in the study area.
SPATIOTEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS AND THE INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN TIEGANG RESERVOIR (CHINA)

Chlorophyll a concentration [ρ(Chla)] in phytoplankton is used to understand algal biomass and the primary productivity of a water body. To investigate the seasonal dynamics of [ρ(Chla)] and their relationship with environmental factors Tiegang Reservoir at Guangdong China, continuous observation and analysis was carried out from April 2013 to June 2014. The distribution of algae had an obvious spatial heterogeneity, and the ρ(Chla) gradual increased from the southeast to the northwest of the reservoir. From April to early December 2013 and from late April to June 2014, the dominant algae was cyanobacteria. In other months, bacillariophyta were dominant. Chlorophyta were at a low level throughout the year. Multivariate analysis showed that water temperature (WT) was the primary driving factor of the spatio-temporal distribution of algae. The main environmental factors of cyanobacteria, bacillariophyta and chlorophyta were greatly different. Single environmental factors such as WT, total organic carbon (TOC), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were significantly related to the competitiveness of cyanobacteria and bacillariophyta. And they can be used as early warning indexs for cyanobacteria and diatom blooms. The dual synergistic effects of WT and other environmental factors on the competitiveness of cyanobacteria and bacillariophyta were analyzed. A combination of environmental factors at high risk for cyanobacteria or diatoms were found.
Relationships among Marketing Variables

For years many previous findings indicated significant relationships among marketing variables that impact purchasing and service. Nevertheless, few empirical studies were conducted to investigate the affected factors of the variables. Hence, with 44 and 31 respondents in fashion and culinary industries, using statistical product and service solution 24 (SPSS 24) the objectives of the study were to examine the relationship among marketing variables in the fashion and culinary industries. The results indicated that consumer shopping habit and new product perception were determinants in improving the purchasing in fashion industry. Whilst product information and promotion strategy were found to have significant effect, leading to service enhancement in culinary sector. Keywords—relationship; marketing; fashion; culinary; Indonesia
Structural equation modeling (SEM) of separation anxiety in children according to the mother's personality, attachment style and children maladaptive schemas

Separation Anxiety is one of the disorders which affects in children’s educational activities and also in their social adjustment, so, the purpose of this study was identifying factors affecting this disorder. This study is correlation type and structural equation modeling. The statistical method was 620 mother-child (6-7 years old girls and boys) pairs from Qom city that were selected by stratified cluster sampling. To collect data, NEO Five-Factor Personality test, Children maladaptive Schema Questionnaire, and Child Symptom Inventory were used. Data was analyzed by using of structural equations modeling, and was approved by Using structural equation modeling analysis and appropriate fitness model was approved. Comparative fit index was equal to 0.726 and incremental fit index was higher than 0.9, respectively. In the standard model, the causal relationship means between two paths "mother’s personality" and children’s mediator variables "Attachment" and "maladaptive schemas" and finally on the dependent variable, the "separation anxiety" was seen. Results show the direct negative impact of "Mother’s personality" on "child attachment style" which "The attachment of the child" as a mediator variable by a factor of 0.34 had more impact with respect to "children maladaptive schemas". "Mother’s personality" shows positive and direct impact on the "children maladaptive schemas" and finally on the dependent variable.
Orbital effects of a monochromatic plane gravitational wave with ultra-low frequency incident on a gravitationally bound two-body system

We analytically compute the long-term orbital variations of a test particle orbiting a central body acted upon by an incident monochromatic plane gravitational wave. We assume that the characteristic size of the perturbed two-body system is much smaller than the wavelength of the wave. Moreover, we also suppose that the wave’s frequency ng is much smaller than the particle’s orbital one nb. We make neither a priori assumptions about the direction of the wavevector b nor on the orbital configuration of the particle. While the semi-major axis a is left unaffected, the eccentricity e, the inclination I, the longitude of the ascending node Ω, the longitude of pericenter ϖ and the mean anomaly M undergo non-vanishing long-term changes of the form dW=dt ¼ FðKij;e;I;X;xÞ;W ¼ e;I;X;-; M, where Kij; i;j ¼ 1;2;3 are the coefficients of the tidal matrix K. Thus, in addition to the variations of its orientation in space, the shape of the orbit would be altered as well. Strictly speaking, such effects are not secular trends because of the slow modulation introduced by K and by the orbital elements themselves: they exhibit peculiar long-term temporal patterns which would be potentially of help for their detection in multidecadal analyses of extended data records of planetary observations of various kinds. In particular, they could be useful in performing independent tests of the inflation-driven ultra-low gravitational waves whose imprint may have been indirectly detected in the Cosmic Microwave Background by the Earthbased experiment BICEP2. Our calculation holds, in general, for any gravitationally bound two-body system whose orbital frequency nb is much larger than the frequency ng of the external wave, like, e.g., extrasolar planets and the stars orbiting the Galactic black hole. It is also valid for a generic perturbation of tidal type with constant coefficients over timescales of the order of the orbital period of the perturbed particle.
The G20's role in improving quality of life through sustainable energy and urban infrastructure in Africa

Focusing on critical aspects of infrastructure, such as energy, this paper argues that African countries, and African cities in particular, need infrastructure that advances both basic needs and industrialization, and avoids a lock-in of unsustainable, high-carbon technologies. G20 countries can promote and support quality of life in African countries by: (1) aligning and cementing the G20 Agenda for Africa with African initiatives, SDGs and the Paris Agreement, (2) mitigating economic risks of climate change through supporting low carbon development pathways in Africa, (3) creating and enabling a level playing field for low carbon technologies, which includes integrated strategies for derisking renewable energy investments, and (4) supporting smart and sustainable urban planning.
Modeling Insurance Surrenders by the Negative Binomial Model

Surrender of insurance contracts is empirically investigated by applying the negative binomial models to pools of insurance contracts. It is also examined how documentation quality affects surrender behaviors. The negative binomial models incorporate heterogeneities among the policyholders. Reproductive property of a negative binomial model plays an important role since the number of individuals varies across the pools. It is found that surrender of the insurance contracts is explained by change of unemployment rates and time elapsed from a contract date. Further it is unveiled that degree of the documentation quality matters in modeling surrender.
Micro-grid Inverter Parallel Droop Control Method for Improving Dynamic Properties and the Effect of Power Sharing

Parallel operation control is one of the key techniques for high performance inverters with the features of excellent regulation, modular, high reliability, and redundancy. Through theoretical analysis of multi-inverters parallel operation model, the paper derived the conventional droop control method, the stability limit of this method and its small-signal model. the effect of different parameters on system power sharing is analyzed. The simulation of conventional droop control method with PSCAD software is also implemented. After discussing the limits of conventional droop control method, a novel adaptive droop control method, is proposed, which can improve active power dynamic and reactive power sharing. A small signal model is established and the advantages of the method over conventional droop control are also validated by simulation. Keywords-inverter; droop control; wireless parallel; PSCAD simulation.
STUDY OF CHANGING GEOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS IN PROXIMAL FEMORAL BONE AFFECTED BY OSTEOPOROSIS IN COMPLIANCE WITH SINGH INDEX

Abstract: The present study aims to analyze the geometric characteristics of four cross - sections (femoral head, femoral neck, intertrochanteric and diaphysis) from the proximal femoral bone area. Depending on the process of degradation of trabecular tissue generated by osteoporosis, a process characterized by the Singh index, the geometric characteristics of the cross – section were determined in different areas of the proximal femoral bone: area of shape, the coordinates of the center of gravity, moment of inertia, product of inertia, radius of gyration and static moments of surface. Key words: proximal femoral bone, osteoporosis, trabecular tissue, cortical tissue, geometrical characteristics of cross section
Evaluation of Mixed Deep Neural Networks for Reverberant Speech Enhancement

Speech signals are degraded in real-life environments, as a product of background noise or other factors. The processing of such signals for voice recognition and voice analysis systems presents important challenges. One of the conditions that make adverse quality difficult to handle in those systems is reverberation, produced by sound wave reflections that travel from the source to the microphone in multiple directions. To enhance signals in such adverse conditions, several deep learning-based methods have been proposed and proven to be effective. Recently, recurrent neural networks, especially those with long short-term memory (LSTM), have presented surprising results in tasks related to time-dependent processing of signals, such as speech. One of the most challenging aspects of LSTM networks is the high computational cost of the training procedure, which has limited extended experimentation in several cases. In this work, we present a proposal to evaluate the hybrid models of neural networks to learn different reverberation conditions without any previous information. The results show that some combinations of LSTM and perceptron layers produce good results in comparison to those from pure LSTM networks, given a fixed number of layers. The evaluation was made based on quality measurements of the signal’s spectrum, the training time of the networks, and statistical validation of results. In total, 120 artificial neural networks of eight different types were trained and compared. The results help to affirm the fact that hybrid networks represent an important solution for speech signal enhancement, given that reduction in training time is on the order of 30%, in processes that can normally take several days or weeks, depending on the amount of data. The results also present advantages in efficiency, but without a significant drop in quality.
Improving GIS use in City Retail Planning: A Look at the Dunedin City Council's Geographic Information System

The paper explores the history of Geographical Information System (GIS) use in order to understand what problems can be faced by city retail planners utilizing the technology. Different GIS software packages and system types are also studied to provide an assisting information sheet that could help an organization choose an appropriate GIS architecture for its business processes. The research goes on to study a local planning authority, the Dunedin City Council’s (DCC) GIS architecture, and assess its GIS use according to the studied literature. An interview is carried out with a knowledgeable DCC representative to solicit the information, and to identify problems that the DCC is facing with regards to the use of GIS in city retail planning. A GIS dataset, obtained from the DCC, is used along with spatial data gathered over several years by the University of Otago’s Marketing Department, to recommend and demonstrate practical solutions to the DCC’s problems. The demonstration will feature added functionality and data to the DCC’s original dataset, with the purpose of showing how the system can be improved to provide better analysis opportunities. The recommendations are targeted towards any entity that uses GIS without being technically oriented, specifically city retail planning entities, but are also applicable to other marketing related professions to a large extent. The recommendations include creating a structured data collection and recording plan, as well as adding some a number of data fields that are crucial to make better use of existing GIS software packages. The GIS functions and resources used to generate the demonstration and recommendations are detailed, to allow the reader to recreate the scenarios discussed and demonstrated for their own use.
Analysis of Thermal Field in Mineral Transformer Oil Based Magnetic Fluids

Analysis of Thermal Field in Mineral Transformer Oil Based Magnetic Fluids M. Kostereca,∗, J. Kurimský, R. Cimbala, Z. Čonka, L. Kruželák, M. Rajňák, M. Timko, P. Kopčanský and B. Vargová Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Mäsiarska 74, 041 20 Košice, Slovakia Institute of Experimental Physics, SAS, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia Institute of Parasitology SAS, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia