Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Local-gate electrical actuation, detection, and tuning of atomic-layer M0S2 nanoelectromechanical resonators

We report on the first single- and few-layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanoelectromechanical resonators with local electrical gate, and the demonstration of local-gate all-electrical actuation, detection, and tuning of the atomic-layer MoS2 resonators at very high frequency (VHF). These local-gate structures make MoS2 vibrating-channel transistors (VCTs), and facilitate efficient frequency modulation (FM) electrical readout and local-gate resonance tuning of individual VCTs. The resonant responses are also verified by optical motion detection techniques. We have scaled down the dimensions of these VCTs to length (L) of 800 nm and air gap (g) of 170 nm in the suspended MoS2 region, attaining fundamental-mode resonance frequency (f0) up to 130 MHz, and local-gate electrical tuning up to Δf0/f0 ∼ 13%. The layer numbers of these MoS2 devices are confirmed by their unique Raman and photoluminescence (PL) signatures. These local-gate devices establish the foundation for all-electrical readout of MoS2 resonators and their arrays, toward multiplexing of individually addressable devices, which could enable arraying and large-scale integration of atomic-layer resonant systems for parallel signal transduction and resonance-based sensing.
A Particle Swarm Optimization Approach to Fuzzy Case-based Reasoning in the Framework of Collaborative Filtering

The particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, as one of the most effective search algorithm inspired from nature, is successfully applied in a variety of fields and is demonstrating fairly immense potential for development. Recently, researchers are investigating the use of PSO algorithm in the realm of personalized recommendation systems for providing tailored suggestions to users. Collaborative filtering (CF) is the most promising technique in recommender systems, providing personalized recommendations to users based on their previously expressed preferences and those of other similar users. However, data sparsity and prediction accuracy are the major concerns related to CF techniques. In order to handle these problems, this paper proposes a novel approach to CF technique by employing fuzzy case-based reasoning (FCBR) augmented with PSO algorithm, called PSO/FCBR/CF technique. In this method, the PSO algorithm is utilized to estimate the features importance and assign their weights accordingly in the process of fuzzy case-based reasoning (FCBR) for the computation of similarity between users and items. In this way, PSO embedded FCBR algorithm is applied for the prediction of missing values in user-item rating matrix and then CF technique is employed to generate recommendations for an active user. The experimental results clearly reveal that the proposed scheme, PSO/FCBR/CF, deals with the problem of sparsity as well as improves the prediction accuracy when compared with other state of the art CF schemes.
An examination for improvement of constant output characteristics at high-speed region in a spoke-type IPMSM using ferrite permanent magnet by changing the shape of rotor surface

In recent years, interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) using ferrite permanent magnet are being studied for high power density motor application, such as electric vehicles. However, the residual flux density of ferrite magnet is lower than that of rare-earth permanent magnet. Thus, in general, it is difficult for IPMSMs using ferrite magnet to maintain constant high output power in high-speed region. Accordingly, a spoke-type IPMSM using ferrite magnet with specification similar to the currently commercially available IPMSM using rare-earth magnet is examined in this research. Owing to increasing constant output power in high-speed region, analysis with 3D-FEA was conducted and the analysis results show that the constant output characteristics in high-speed region are improved by contriving the shape of the rotor surface. Moreover, experimental results of a prototype of the examined spoke-type IPMSM using ferrite magnet will be presented in this paper.
Salvage therapy of refractory hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with alemtuzumab

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life‐threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome that remains difficult to treat. Even with current standard HLH therapy, only approximately half of patients will experience complete resolution of disease, and early mortality remains a significant problem. Salvage therapies have been described only in limited case reports, and there are no large studies of second‐line therapies.
Cutting Edge: A Role for B Lymphocyte Stimulator in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus1

Increased levels of B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) are associated with systemic autoimmunity in animal models of spontaneous autoimmune disease, and transgenic animals expressing BLyS develop typical autoimmune disease. Here, we demonstrate significant elevations of BLyS in the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The BLyS isolated from the sera of SLE patients had the same m.w. as the natural soluble form and was able to stimulate B cell activation in vitro. Increased BLyS in SLE patients was partially associated with higher levels of anti-dsDNA Ab of the IgG, IgM, and IgA classes, but not associated with the disease activity. Our results suggest that BLyS may be a useful marker for early activation of an autoimmune diathesis and likely plays a critical role in triggering activation of self-Ag-driven autoimmune B cells in human SLE. BLyS may provide an effective therapeutic target in systemic autoimmunity.
Localization of a gene for an autosomal recessive form of juvenile Parkinsonism to chromosome 6q25.2-27.

An autosomal recessive form of juvenile Parkinsonism (AR-JP) (MIM 600116) is a levodopa-responsive Parkinsonism whose pathological finding is a highly selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the zona compacta of the substantia nigra. By linkage analysis of diallelic polymorphism of the Mn-superoxide dismutase gene (SOD2), we found a family with AR-JP showing perfect segregation of the disease with the SOD2 locus. By extending the linkage analysis to 13 families with AR-JP, we discovered strong evidence for the localization of the AR-JP gene at chromosome 6q25.2-27, including the SOD2 locus, with the maximal cumulative pairwise LOD scores of 7.26 and 7.71 at D6S305 (theta = .03) and D6S253 (theta = .02), respectively. Observation of obligate recombination events, as well as multipoint linkage analysis, placed the AR-JP gene in a 17-cM interval between D6S437 and D6S264. Delineation of the AR-JP gene will be an important step toward our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying selective degeneration of the nigral neurons.
Myeloperoxidase Interactions with Nitric Oxide : A Review of Mechanistic Pathways

Myeloperoxidase (MPO), hemoprotein present in neutrophils and monocytes, has an essential role in immune surveillance and host defense mechanisms. Upon phagocyte activation in peripheral tissues and fluids, MPO is secreted into both the extracellular milieu and the phagolysosome where it uses hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generated during a respiratory burst by activated NADPH as co-substrate. (Hurst, 1991) A kinetic model that describes the classic myeloperoxidase cycle is presented in Figure 1. The ground state (secreted) form of the enzyme, MPOFe(III), reacts in a rapid and reversible manner with H2O2 to form Compound I, a two e oxidized intermediate with Fe(IV)=O center and a resonance-stabilized porphyrin π cation radical with reduction potential of ~ -1.1 Volts ( Hurst, 1991). Compound I has the ability to oxidize chloride ion normally presented in biological systems (100mM) via a single two e oxidation forming hypochlorous acid (HOCl) (Harrison, and Schultz, 1976). HOCl has a potent macrobicidal and viricidal activity by playing the key role in protective and inflammatory responses in the host defense reaction (Albrich, McCarthy, and Hurst, 1981). In addition, Compound I may oxidize multiple available substrates through two sequential one e -
Newly Arrived Elderly Immigrants

Newcomer elderly immigrants, defined as adults older than the age of 65 who have arrived in the United States in the last 10 years, represent a growing sector of the American population. Newcomers who experience limited English proficiency, financial strain, and acculturative stress are at considerable risk of developing poor health outcomes. Nursing’s focus on healthy aging and aging in place has largely ignored the experiences of these older adults, who are said to be “aging out of place. ” This concept analysis uses Rodgers’s evolutionary method to define “aging out of place” and illustrates why existing theories of elderly migration do not necessarily apply to this population. The challenge for nurses is incorporating the family, with whom conflict may arise, into the care of these elders. Community-based strategies that enable social integration and create a greater division of labor in the care of newcomer elders are called for.
Problems with areal definitions of endemism: the effects of spatial scaling

The concept of endemism is useful in quantifying the biological uniqueness of an area, and has been used by many authors as a meaningful alternative to simple species richness. The traditional definition of endemism includes those species with ranges restricted to a particular region, and therefore is useful only in reference to that region. To compare different regions, however, a standardized approach is required, so several authors began using area‐based definitions. Accordingly, those species with ranges smaller than a particular area (e.g. 50,000 km 2) are deemed endemic. Nevertheless, several problems are associated with this approach: as the area threshold changes, scaling of endemism also changes, producing a different picture of endemism for each spatial scale. Moreover, the areal definition assumes equal levels of heterogeneity in different landscapes (clearly a simplification), which overemphasizes fine‐grained regions. Herein, the importance of distinguishing the regional definition (endemism) from the areal definition (range restriction) is emphasized, and investigators are encouraged to consider multiple spatial scales and geographic dimensions in evaluations of biodiversity.
Induction and inhibition of meiotic maturation of amphibian (Rana dybowskii) follicular oocytes by forskolin and cAMP in vitro

Previous studies have demonstrated that direct or indirect elevation of cAMP levles in cultured amphibian ovarian follicles simultaneously stimulated production of oocyte maturation‐inducing steroid (progesterone) by the follicles and inhibited oocyte maturation induced by endogenous or exogenous hormone. The duration of cAMP stimulation influenced arrest and reinitiation of oocyte meiotic maturation in ovarian follicles of Rana dybowskii. Addition of forskolin (adenylate cyclase stimulator) to cultured follicles inhibited both progesterone‐ and frog pituitary homogenate (FPH)‐induced oocyte maturation. Similar inhibitory results were obtained when hormone‐treated follicles were cultured in the continual presence of cAMP. Oocyte maturation increasingly occurred in follicular oocytes when cAMP or forskolin addition was delayed following treatment with FPH or progesterone. Transient exposure (6–8 hr) of ovarian follicles to forskolin or cAMP markedly stimulated oocyte maturation as well as accumulation of progesterone as measured by radioimmunoassay within the ovarian follicles. Forskolin was more effective than cAMP, at the dose tested, in stimulating progesterone production and accumulation by the follicles. The data demonstrate that transient manipulation (elevation) of cAMP levels in cultured follicles, without added FPH or steroid, was sufficient to initiate oocyte maturation. Results suggest that, with transient exposure to forskolin or exogenous cAMP, there is a sequential increase and decrease in endogenous cAMP levels in the somatic cells and germ cell components of the ovarian follicle. These changes appear to mediate production of maturation‐inducing steroid and secondarily allow its effects on the oocyte to be expressed.
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Immediate-Early Protein ICP0 and Its Isolated RING Finger Domain Act as Ubiquitin E3 Ligases In Vitro

ABSTRACT Proteasome-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins plays a key role in many important cellular processes. Ubiquitination requires the E1 ubiquitin activating enzyme, an E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, and frequently a substrate-specific ubiquitin protein ligase (E3). One class of E3 ubiquitin ligases has been shown to contain a common zinc-binding RING finger motif. We have previously shown that herpes simplex virus type 1 ICP0, itself a RING finger protein, induces the proteasome-dependent degradation of several cellular proteins and induces the accumulation of colocalizing conjugated ubiquitin in vivo. We now report that both full-length ICP0 and its isolated RING finger domain induce the accumulation of polyubiquitin chains in vitro in the presence of E1 and the E2 enzymes UbcH5a and UbcH6. Mutations within the RING finger region that abolish the in vitro ubiquitination activity also cause severe reductions in ICP0 activity in other assays. We conclude that ICP0 has the potential to act as an E3 ubiquitin ligase during viral infection and to target specific cellular proteins for destruction by the 26S proteasome.
Endogenous yolk steroid hormones in turtles with different sex-determining mechanisms.

Maternal transfer of nutrients, including steroid hormones, to embryos during gestation in viviparous amniotes is well known, but the concordant process in oviparous amniotes is poorly understood. Recent evidence suggests that steroid hormones are present in freshly laid eggs of archosaurs and that their concentrations may influence offspring phenotypes. This process might be especially important in reptiles with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), because embryonic sex determination as well as other traits is thought to be influenced by temperature-dependent steroid metabolism. To evaluate the potential importance of endogenous steroid hormones to developing reptilian embryos, we (1) measured testosterone and estradiol-17beta levels in fresh eggs from natural populations of three species of turtles with TSD and two with genotypic sex determination (GSD), (2) evaluated testosterone concentrations within and among clutches of two turtle species with TSD, and (3) correlated clutch testosterone concentrations with incubation length, body mass, and sex ratio of offspring of two turtle species with TSD from eggs incubated at pivotal sex-determining temperatures. Turtles with TSD had higher levels of yolk testosterone (up to approximately 300 ng/g) than turtles with GSD (up to approximately 15 ng/g), suggesting a potential functional dichotomy between these two classes of sex-determining mechanisms; concentrations of yolk estradiol-17beta were low and fairly uniform among all five species (approximately 1 ng/g). Yolk testosterone varied substantially among, and relatively little within, clutches, indicating considerable potential as a mechanism behind clutch effects on offspring phenotypes. Steroid concentrations were unrelated to order of oviposition, unlike in birds, but yolk testosterone levels were correlated with incubation length and possibly with offspring sex ratio. Embryos of Chelydra serpentina serpentina from clutches with higher yolk testosterone hatched soonest at 21.8 degreesC; the opposite was true for Trachemys scripta elegans embryos incubated at 28.2 degreesC. At 27.6 degreesC, C. s. serpentina clutches with higher yolk testosterone produced more male-biased offspring sex ratios. Taken together, these results are strikingly consistent with published data on other oviparous amniotes and with the known physiology of follicular development and embryonic sexual differentiation in these disparate taxa. The findings of these experiments suggest that yolk testosterone in turtle eggs may be biologically significant.
Why use somatic mutations for human biomonitoring?

The technology underlying genetic toxicology has undergone enormous change during the last 25 years. Technology has permitted studies of somatic mutations in humans to achieve scientific respectability. However, the author is concerned that in the zeal to develop assays for detecting mutations in humans, it was assumed that they would be useful in public health. Now that assumption must be tested so the question is no longer can we measure mutations? but why? The author discusses the challenge for in vivo somatic mutations, at least those measured by most genetic toxicologists, viz. mutations in reporter genes. These genes are irrelevant in themselves but ideal for assessing the mutation process itself. How well do surrogate mutations in surrogate tissue mimic disease gene mutations in target tissues? 28 refs.
Overexpression of the regulatory subunit of c -glutamylcysteine synthetase in HeLa cells increases c -glutamylcysteine synthetase activity and confers drug resistance

c -Glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) is reported to catalyse the rate-limitingstepinglutathionebiosynthesis,andisa heterodimer composed of a catalytic subunit [heavy subunit (GCS h ) of M r 73000] and a regulatory subunit [light subunit (GCS l ) of M r 31000]. In the present study, we have demonstrated for the ﬁrst time a potential role for GCS l in resistance towards doxorubicin and cadmium chloride. Addition of recombinant GCS l to HeLa cell extracts in (cid:138) itro was found to result in an increase in GCS activity of between 2- and 3-fold. Transient transfections of COS-1 cells with the GCS l cDNA cause an increase in GCS activity of approx. 2-fold, and a small but signiﬁcant ( P ﬂ 0.008) increase in glutathione levels from 126.9 ‡ 4.2 nmol } mg protein to 178.8 ‡ 19.1 nmol } mg protein. We proceeded to make a HeLa cell line (LN73), which stably overexpresses GCS l . These cells overexpress GCS l approx. 20-fold above basal levels. LN73 was found to have a 2-fold increase in GCS activity (437.3 ‡ 85.2 pmol } min per mg) relative to the control cell line, HL9 (213.4 ‡ 71.8 pmol } min per mg). In contrast with the INTRODUCTION transient transfections in COS-1 cells, stable overexpression of GCS l was found not to be associated with an increase in glutathione content. However, when the LN73 and HL9 cells weretreatedwith theglutathione-depletingagent, diethylmaleate, the LN73 cells were found to have an enhanced ability to regenerate glutathione, compared with HL9 cells. The cell lines weretreated with various anti-cancerdrugs, and their cytotoxicity was examined. No obvious diﬀerences in toxicity were observed between the diﬀerent cell lines following treatment with cisplatin and melphalan. The redox-cycling agent doxorubicin, however, was found to be more toxic (approx. 2-fold) to the HL9 cells than the LN73 cells. When the cells were treated with the carcinogenic transition-metal compound, cadmium chloride, LN73 cells were found to be approx. 3-fold more resistant than HL9 cells.
Evaluation of the supertansfusion regimen in homozygous beta‐thalassaemia children

Summary. The maintenance of physiological levels of haemoglobin is beneficial in the management of patients with thalassaemia major since it leads to better tissue oxygenation, reduction of blood volume, and reduced intestinal absorption of iron. We have studied 11 patients with thalassaemia major while treating them for 4‐12 months with a standard transfusion regimen (mean pre‐transfusion Hb 10.2 g/dl) and then for a second period of 7‐18 months with a supertransfusion regimen (mean pre‐transfusion Hb 12.3 g/dl). Blood consumption was 16.71 ± 2.0 ml/kg/month in the first period; it rose to 20.30±3.5 ml/kg/month in the first 5 months of the second period, and then returned to the values of the first period (16.53±2.0 ml/kg/month). There were no significant differences in blood consumption between the two transfusion regimens, after the 5‐month equilibration period.
PROPUESTA DE INTERVENCION CON TERAPIA FAMILIAR SISTÉMICA EN LA OBESIDAD INFANTIL

El objetivo del presente trabajo es disenar una intervencion con terapia familiar sistemica para modificar el indice de masa corporal de los ninos. Desde la Terapia Familiar Sistemica la familia es concebida como un sistema que permite el desarrollo e integracion de los individuos a la sociedad. Se considera el primer contexto de formacion de ideas, significados y creencias a traves de pautas transaccionales y de comunicacion. Ademas del sedentarismo, la ingesta de alimentos y la genetica, se han relacionado los habitos y costumbres familiares con la obesidad infantil, la cual supone un grave problema de salud publica en Mexico. Las intervenciones actuales conceptualizan la obesidad infantil como una enfermedad donde los padres tienen un rol de supervisores dentro del tratamiento que estan enfocados en la educacion alimentaria y actividad fisica en los ninos, sin embargo no se han tenido los resultados esperados. A partir del analisis teorico de la Terapia Familiar Sistemica se propone una intervencion a traves de los cambios en la comunicacion, pautas transaccionales, creencias, significados y soluciones intentadas por la familia, concibiendo a la obesidad como un problema familiar.
Modulation of microRNAs expression in hematopoietic stem cells treated with sodium butyrate in inducing fetal hemoglobin expression

Abstract Context Inherited hemoglobin diseases are the most common single-gene disorders. Induction of fetal hemoglobin in beta hemoglobin disorders compensate for abnormal chain and ameliorate the clinical complications. Sodium butyrate is used conventionally for fetal hemoglobin induction; it can be replaced by safer therapeutic tools like microRNAs, small non-coding RNAs that control number of epigenetic mechanisms. Objective In this study, we compared the changes in the microRNAs of differentiated erythroid cells between control and sodium butyrate treated groups. The objective is to find significant association between these changes and gamma chain up regulation. Materials and methods First, CD133+ hematopoietic stem cells were isolated from cord blood by magnetic cell sorting (MACS) technique. After proliferation, the cells were differentiated to erythroid lineage in culture medium by EPO, SCF, and IL3. Meanwhile, the test group was treated with sodium butyrate. Then, gamma chain upregulation was verified by qPCR technique. Finally, microRNA profiling was performed through microarray assay and some of them confirmed by qPCR. Result Results demonstrated that gamma chain was 5.9-fold upregulated in the treated group. Significant changes were observed at 76 microRNAs, in which 20 were up-regulated and 56 were down-regulated. Discussion Five of these microRNAs including U101, hsa-miR-4726-5p, hsa-miR7109 5p, hsa-miR3663, and hsa-miR940 had significant changes in expression and volume. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be assumed that sodium butyrate can up-regulate gamma chain gene, and change miRNAs expression. These results can be profitable in future studies to find therapeutic goal suitable for such disorders.