Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Max Network Gone Mad

The members of the MYC family of oncogenes, in particular c-Myc, N-Myc, and L-Myc, are activated either directly or indirectly in many, if not most, human tumors. These structurally and functionally related nuclear phosphoproteins (Fig. ​(Fig.1A)1A) appear to promote cell growth and transformation by regulating the transcription of target genes required for proliferation (33, 44, 57). Myc's transcription functions require a C-terminal basic helix-loop-helix–leucine zipper (bHLHZip) DNA-protein interaction motif and conserved regulatory domains in the N terminus (Myc boxes, MB1 and MB2), which regulate Myc's transactivation and/or transrepression functions (Fig. ​(Fig.1A). 1A). Normally, the expression of Myc family genes is cell context specific, mutually exclusive, and tightly dependent upon mitogens (8, 47, 71, 88). Furthermore, the life span of Myc proteins is brief, and they are rapidly degraded by the ubiquitin-linked proteasome machinery (45). However, these controls are lost in cancer cells, resulting in aberrantly high levels of Myc proteins (2, 57).
Considering potential benefits and consequences of hospital report cards: what are the next steps?

Over the past decade, there has been significant growth in the prevalence and ramifications of health care provider report cards. These provider performance evaluations are believed to increase transparency for patients and caregivers, enable evaluation of best practices, enhance quality assurance, and improve quality of care if report cards motivate patients to choose high-performing providers or cause providers to improve performance to compete on quality (Berwick, James, and Coye 2003; Galvin and McGlynn 2003; Romano and Zhou 2004; Hibbard, Stockard, and Tusler 2005; Fung et al. 2008; Bundorf et al. 2009; Werner et al. 2009; Werner, Stuart, and Polsky 2010). However, there are also concerns that patients may be adversely affected by increased use of report cards, especially when report cards are used to determine compensation or choice of providers. Report cards can be misleading to patients and payers because of inadequate risk adjustment, limited relationship between easily observed process measures and patient outcomes, the potential for providers to artificially improve outcome measures by “teaching to the test,” skimping on important areas of care that are not measured, or selecting healthier patients or those perceived as less of a threat to measured performance (Dranove, Shanley, and Simon 1992; Iezzoni 1997; Mullen, Frank, and Rosenthal 2010; Nicholas and Dimick 2011; Nicholas, Dimick, and Iwashyna 2011; Werner et al. 2011).
Infection structures of fungal plant pathogens - a cytological and physiological evaluation.

Many fungi differentiate specific infection structures in order to infect the host plant. The spore attaches to the host surface, the cuticle, and the germ tube may recognize suitable penetration sites, over which an appressorium is formed. Additional wall layers in appressoria of many fungi suggest that this structure supports increasing pressure during the penetration process. During appressorium formation, synthesis of polymer-degrading enzymes is often initiated. Cutinases, cellulases and pectin-degrading enzymes can be formed in a developmentally controlled or adaptive, i.e. substrate-dependent, fashion. The penetration hypha develops below the appressorium. This hypha has a new wall structure and exhibits features which serve to breach the plant cell wall. However, at present it is not clear whether penetration hyphae arising from appressoria are more efficient in penetration or induce less damage than hyphae which penetrate without detectable special adaptations. The infection hypha differentiates within the host. During differentiation a characteristic set of enzymes is synthesized to enable successful establishment of the host-pathogen relationship. If, as in most cases, multiple forms of cell wall-degrading enzymes are formed by the pathogen, mutagenesis or deletion of a gene encoding one of these enzymes very often has no effect on pathogenicity or even virulence. Proof is missing very often that an enzyme is needed at the right time and at the right site of infection. Events occurring during differentiation of fungal infection structures are reviewed with special emphasis on Magnaporthe grisea, Colletotrichum spp. , and rust fungi, and common features which may be of importance to the success of infection are discussed. CONTENTS Summary 193 I. Introduction 193 II. Spore and germ tube 195 III. The appressorium 199 IV. The penetration hypha 201 V. The infection hypha 204 VI. Future prospects 208 Acknowledgements 208 References 208.
MSM-HOG: A flexible trajectory descriptor for rigid body motion recognition

This paper proposes a flexible descriptor for representing 6-D rigid body motion trajectories, which not only shows strong invariances and descriptive ability but also achieves satisfactory results in both recognition accuracy and efficiency. 6-D rigid body motion trajectories are first transformed into the Multi-layer Self-similarity Matrices (MSM) representation. The MSM is the combination of the square similarity matrices in three layers, which captures both local and global spatiotemporal features of the trajectories. Next, the Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) features extracted from the MSM representation are concatenated as the final MSM-HOG trajectory descriptor. Then we train the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier with the linear kernel for multicalss motion recognition. Finally, rigid body motion recognition experiments on two public datasets are conducted to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.
Joint subcarrier and power allocation with fairness in uplink OFDMA systems based on ant colony optimization

One of the key problems in uplink orthogonal frequency division multiple access systems is to efficiently and fairly allocate subcarriers and powers. However, most existing work has not sufficiently taken into account fairness when allocating these resources so that subcarriers cannot be fairly allocated among users with different channel conditions. To overcome this shortcoming, we first present an optimization framework with fairness, which aims to fairly allocate subcarriers among different users and to distribute the transmission power of each user over the assigned subcarriers. Here, the fairness is guaranteed by associating each user with a utility function and placing a lower limit on the number of subcarriers assigned. In particular, different from previous work, utility functions are allowed to be nonconcave and nondifferentiable so that our framework can be suitable for resource allocation for real‐time applications. Furthermore, an iterative algorithm based on the ant colony optimization is proposed, according to which subcarriers can be efficiently and fairly allocated among different users. Simulation results verify the convergence of our algorithm. In addition, our algorithm outperforms several other algorithms in terms of the fairness of resource allocation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An experiment stemming non-traditional text

Stemming is a technique which aims to extract common suffixes of words. Thus, words which are literally different but have a common stem, may be abstracted by their common stem. The underlying goal when using a stemming technique is to improve recall, at the possible expense of precision loss. A well known technique for stemming text is M.F. Porter's (1980) algorithm, which is based on a set of rules extracted from the English language. We argue that such an algorithm it is not efficient for non traditional texts, e.g., one made up mainly of medical terms. We thus investigate the use of a technique, called Peak-and-Plateau, which is based on tries, and compare it to Porter's algorithm. Our experiments have shown that using Porter's algorithm or none at all makes no difference as far as precision and recall goes. On the other hand using the Peak-and-Plateau technique we improved recall by about 15% and decreased precision by an average of 40%. Moreover it compressed the original text by 40% and the invented file by 45%.
Is the assumption of perfect channel-state information in fading channels a good assumption?

Fading channels, which are used as a model for wireless communication, are often analyzed by assuming that the receiver is aware of the realization of the channel. This is commonly justified by saying that the channel varies typically slowly with time, and the receiver is thus able to estimate it. However, this assumption is optimistic, since it is prima facie not clear whether the channel can be estimated perfectly. This paper investigates the quality of this assumption by means of the channel capacity. In particular, results on the channel capacity of fading channels are presented, both when the receiver is aware of the realization of the channel and when it is aware only of its statistics. A comparison of these results demonstrates that information-theoretic analyses of fading channels that are based on the assumption that the receiver is aware of the channel's realization can yield helpful insights, but have to be taken with a pinch of salt.
An 'A' for e-prescribing.

Applies to All Physicians Not sure everyone is aware but as of Sunday March 27 th NY State requires all controlled substances to be electronically prescribed to the retail (all) pharmacies. The Help Desk (4‐4115) can help to facilitate an account set up if you have not yet gone through this process.
Development of an Automated Image Processing System for Kinematic Analysis of Human Gait

We propose a simple, inexpensive, portable and real-time image processing system for kinematic analysis of human gait. We view this as a feature based multi-target tracking problem. Here we track the artificially induced features appearing in the image sequence due to the non-impeding contrast markers attached at different anatomical landmarks of the subject under analysis. This paper describes a real-time algorithm for detecting and tracking the feature points simultaneously. By applying a Kalman filter, we recursively predict the tentative features location and retain the predicted point in case of occlusion. A path coherence score is used for disambiguation along with tracking for establishing feature correspondences. Experimentations on normal and pathological subjects in different gait was performed and results illustrate the efficacy of the algorithm.
Unilateral lattice corneal dystrophy associated with the novel His572del mutation in the TGFBI gene.

PURPOSE To report a novel mutation in the TGFBI gene, c. 1761_1763del (p.His572del), associated with a unilateral variant of lattice corneal dystrophy (LCD). METHODS A 63-year-old man presenting with the complaint of decreased vision in one eye was noted to have a unilateral lattice corneal dystrophy. Examination of the patient's wife and two sons, ages 20 and 27 years old, failed to reveal the presence of any corneal opacities. Following the collection of DNA from the patient and his family members, the TGFBI gene was screened for mutations previously associated with lattice corneal dystrophy and any novel coding region changes. RESULTS In the affected patient, none of the mutations previously associated with the classic and variant forms of LCD were identified. However, a novel mutation, c. 1761_1763del (p.His572del), was identified in exon 13 of TGFBI in the patient and his sons. This mutation was not identified in the patient's wife or in 200 control chromosomes. CONCLUSIONS The novel TGFBI gene mutation (p.His572del) is associated with a unilateral, late-onset variant of lattice corneal dystrophy. This case highlights the utility of molecular genetic analysis in differentiating corneal dystrophies associated with an atypical phenotype from nondystrophic conditions.
Automated Labeling of Neuroanatomical Structures in Routine Brain CT

Although the advance in image technology is remarkable, most routine brain images are still presented in series of sections. We present a technique for automatically assigning neuroanatomical labels to each pixel in brain CT sets based on electronic atlases. In contrast to existing segmentation procedures that focused on thin-cut MRI, our technique could be applied on routine CT images. The technique employs an affine registration for matching skulls to generate template for each slice. A deformable registration procedure is then applied to label the neuroanatomical structures. The performance of our algorithm was evaluated as area overlapping, measured at the lenticular nuclei. The average area overlapping of images without space occupying lesions was 72.3%. With small space occupying lesions, this value is 59.1%. The technique is shown to be of acceptable accuracy for images without space occupying lesions. It might provide basis for computer-assisted diagnosis and report generation system.
University of Birmingham Properly coloured Hamiltonian cycles in edge-coloured complete graphs

Let K cn be an edge-coloured complete graph on n vertices. Let ∆ mon ( K cn ) denote the largest number of edges of the same colour incident with a vertex of K cn . A properly coloured cycle is a cycle such that no two adjacent edges have the same colour. In 1976, Bollob´as and Erd˝os [6] conjectured that every K cn with ∆ mon ( K cn ) < ⌊ n/ 2 ⌋ contains a properly coloured Hamiltonian cycle. In this paper, we show that for any ε > 0, there exists an integer n 0 such that every K cn with ∆ mon ( K cn ) < (1 / 2 − ε ) n and n ≥ n 0 contains a properly coloured Hamiltonian cycle. This improves a result of Alon and Gutin [1]. Hence, the conjecture of Bollob´as and Erd˝os is true asymptotically.
Investigations on inter-speaker variability in the feature space

We apply Fisher variate analysis to measure the effectiveness of speaker normalization techniques. A trace criterion, which measures the ratio of the variations due to different phonemes compared to variations due to different speakers, serves as a first assessment of a feature set without the need for recognition experiments. By using this measure and by recognition experiments we demonstrate that cepstral mean normalization also has a speaker normalization effect, in addition to the well-known channel normalization effect. Similarly vocal tract normalization (VTN) is shown to remove inter-speaker variability. For VTN we show that normalization on a per sentence basis performs better than normalization on a per speaker basis. Recognition results are given on Wall Street Journal and Hub-4 databases.
The lytic enzyme of the pneumococcal phage Dp‐1: a chimeric lysin of intergeneric origin

We have localized, cloned and characterized the genes coding for the lytic system of the pneumococcal phage Dp‐1. The lytic enzyme of this phage (Pal), previously identified as an N‐acetyl‐muramoyl‐L‐alanine amidase, shows a modular organization similar to that described for the lytic enzymes of Streptococcus pneumoniae and its bacteriophages. The construction of chimeric enzymes between pneumococcus and bacteria (or phages) that belong to different Gram‐positive families has shown that the interchange of functional domains switches enzyme specificity. Interestingly, Pal appears to be a natural chimeric enzyme of intergeneric origin, that is the N‐terminal domain was highly similar to that of the murein hydrolase coded by a gene found in the phage BK5‐T that infects Lactococcus lactis, whereas the C‐terminal domain was homologous to those found in the lytic enzymes of the pneumococcal system that is responsible for the binding to the choline residues present in the cell wall substrate. Biochemical analysis of Pal revealed that this enzyme shares important properties with those of the major LytA101 autolysin found in an atypical, clinical pneumococcal isolate. These peculiar characteristics have been ascribed to a modified C‐terminal domain. The natural chimeric enzyme described here provides further support for the theory of modular evolution of proteins and its characteristics also furnish interesting clues on the molecular mechanisms involved in the more invasive types of atypical pneumococci.
The Reduced Folate Carrier Gene Is a Novel Selectable Marker for Recombinant Protein Overexpression

Folate cofactors are one-carbon donors essential for the biosynthesis of purines and thymidylate. Mammalian cells are devoid of folate biosynthesis and are therefore folate auxotrophs that take up folate vitamins primarily via the reduced folate carrier (RFC). In this study, we showed that the human RFC (hRFC) gene can serve as a novel selectable marker for the overproduction of recombinant proteins. Toward this end, a hemagglutinin (HA) epitope tagged hRFC (hRFC-HA) was introduced into a bicistronic vector (pIRES2-EGFP), upstream of an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter gene. Chinese hamster ovary cells deficient in RFC activity were isolated and transfected with this construct, followed by gradual deprivation of leucovorin, the sole folate source in the growth medium. Only cells with hRFC-HA overexpression were able to take up leucovorin and thereby survive these selective conditions. Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses confirmed that the hRFC-HA was overexpressed at extremely high levels, properly glycosylated and sorted out to the plasma membrane. This resulted in a ∼450-fold increase in [3H]methotrexate influx and ∼100-fold increased sensitivity to methotrexate, relative to untransfected RFC-deficient cells. Flow cytometric analysis consistently revealed that EGFP was overexpressed ∼100-fold above the autofluorescence level. Overproduction of hRFC-HA and EGFP was stably maintained for at least 2 months in a constant concentration of leucovorin. These results establish a novel RFC-based metabolic selection system for the efficient overexpression of recombinant proteins. Furthermore, the possible implications to subcellular transporter localization and restoration of MTX sensitivity in drug-resistant tumors by RFC-based gene therapy are discussed.
Stimulation parameters differ between current anti-modiolar and peri-modiolar electrode arrays implanted within the same child.

OBJECTIVE To compare stimulation parameters of peri-modiolar and anti-modiolar electrode arrays using two surgical approaches. METHODS Impedance, stimulation thresholds, comfortably loud current levels, electrically evoked compound action potential thresholds and electrically evoked stapedial reflex thresholds were compared between 2 arrays implanted in the same child at 5 time points: surgery, activation/day 1, week 1, and months 1 and 3. The peri-modiolar array was implanted via cochleostomy in all children (n = 64), while the anti-modiolar array was inserted via a cochleostomy in 43 children and via the round window in 21 children. RESULTS The anti-modiolar array had significantly lower impedance, but required higher current levels to elicit thresholds, comfort, electrically evoked compound action potential thresholds and electrically evoked stapedial reflex thresholds than the peri-modiolar array across all time points, particularly in basal electrodes (p < 0.05). The prevalence of open electrodes was similar in anti-modiolar (n = 5) and peri-modiolar (n = 3) arrays. CONCLUSION Significant but clinically acceptable differences in stimulation parameters between peri-modiolar and anti-modiolar arrays persisted four months after surgery in children using bilateral cochlear implants. The surgical approach used to insert the anti-modiolar array had no overall effect on outcomes.
A Lab-On-a-Chip front-end based on DeFET sensor array for biomedical analysis

This paper presents a new integrated Lab-On-a-Chip (LOC) based on Differential electric-field sensitive Field-Effect Transistor (DeFET) sensor array that is used in Biomedical Analysis. The proposed system introduces a 4 × 4 DeFET sensor array, analog multiplexer, readout circuit, and Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) that perform the sensing, actuating, and signal conditioning tasks. The proposed LOC is verified using circuit level simulation in the UMC 130 nm CMOS technology node. Simulation results show that the sensitivity of the DeFET sensor is appreciably enhanced. The proposed LOC consumes 2.2 mA from 1.2 V supply. Besides that, the equivalent circuit, and the theory of operation of the DeFET sensor are discussed.
Vision and Attention. I: Current Models of Visual Attention

Visual attention has been defined by different researchers and clinicians in a variety of ways that are sometimes conflicting or confusing. This paper will provide a unified definition of visual attention, as well as a putative neurophysiological mechanism that is consistent with this unified definition. In addition, recent data on the mechanisms of visual attention will be presented, including its spatial organization and temporal dependencies, as well as the role of parallel visual pathways in its activation. (Optom Vis Sci 1998;75:146-155)
Drug eruption caused by sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV inhibitor

soap that they used and that it accompanied sensitization to natural wheat proteins. Fukutomi et al. indicated that four of five patients with HWP WDEIA showed positive results for immunoCAP against recombinant x-5 gliadin; however, the levels in these patients were relatively low, suggesting that sensitization to other gliadins or glutenins is more important in the pathogenesis of this phenotype than that to x-5-gliadin. In our case, cosmetics might be involved in sensitization to HWP, although the patient’s information on cosmetics that induced contact urticaria was vague. It is difficult to discriminate foods containing HWP from their appearance. Therefore, patients with allergy to HWP should be instructed to carefully avoid products containing HWP according to labeling.
Which is the optimal exercise to strengthen supraspinatus?

PURPOSE Supraspinatus strengthening is an important part of shoulder rehabilitation programs. Because of the force-couple relationship between supraspinatus and deltoid during shoulder abduction, it has been proposed that the optimal exercise to strengthen supraspinatus is one that would maximize supraspinatus activity while minimizing surrounding muscle activity, particularly deltoid. The aim of this study was to simultaneously examine all exercises known to recruit supraspinatus at high levels and to compare the level of recruitment in supraspinatus, deltoid, and infraspinatus. METHODS Using a combination of surface and intramuscular electrodes, EMG recordings were taken from supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and the three parts of deltoid of 15 subjects with normal dominant shoulder function during maximal isometric contractions in "empty can," "full can," prone elevation, pendant external rotation, and prone external rotation exercise positions. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the level of supraspinatus activation for all exercise positions examined. No significant difference was found in activation levels across all muscles during the "can" exercise positions. The exercise positions using external rotation were found to activate parts of deltoid significantly less than the "can" and prone elevation positions. Infraspinatus was activated at greater levels than supraspinatus during the external rotation exercises. CONCLUSIONS Using the criteria that the optimal exercise to strengthen supraspinatus should maximize supraspinatus activity while particularly minimizing deltoid activity, this study has shown that the pendant external rotation and prone external rotation exercises are more valid than the "can" and prone elevation exercises for supraspinatus strengthening in subjects with normal dominant shoulder function.