Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The cellulase content of 15 species of entodiniomorphid protozoa, mixed bacteria and plant debris isolated from the ovine rumen

Summary The cellulolytic activity of cell-free extracts of 15 species of entodiniomorphid protozoa grown in vitro and under two conditions in vitrohas been measured using six different assays with substrates varying in complexity from carboxymethylcellulose to microcrystalline cellulose. Although there were differences between the assays, the highest activities were found in Eudiplodinium maggii, Epidinium ecaudatum caudatum and Ostracodinium obtusum bilobum with little or no activity in five Entodiniumspp. There was no consistent effect of growth conditions on cellulase content although with protozoa grown in vitro those grown on grass alone tended to contain more cellulase than those grown on starch and grass. A survey of methods for the release of cellulase from other rumen fractions was made and mild treatment with ultrasound of the fraction suspended in water gave the maximal release of enzyme with the highest specific activity. Using this method 62% of the total rumen cellulase was found in the protozoal fraction and 27% was associated with the plant debris in a normal sheep, fed on hay and oats, with an A-type protozoal population.
X-Ray Determination of Magnetically Treated Liquid Water Structures

X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to analyze the magnetic field-induced changes in liquid water. Water samples (0.5 × 10−7 Ohm−1 cm−1) were exposed to discrete poles of a 0.3 T permanent magnet for different lengths of time. Study reveals that magnetic exposure breaks as well as coalesces the ice polymorphs of the liquid water, depending on magnetic poles and the length of exposure. Magnetically transformed ice polymorphs are ordered as helical structures, which are candidates for long-term storage of magnetic field information.
Using Stream Leaf Packs to Explore Community Assembly

Students will explore functional and taxonomic diversity in a stream ecosystem, learn about food web relationships, and learn about the ways in which abiotic and biotic factors determine what organisms are present in a community. Students will make and install artificial leaf packs in a stream, wait for the leaf packs to be colonized by stream organisms, measure abiotic variables that could influence leaf pack colonization, retrieve the leaf packs and classify the organisms they find in both taxonomic and functional ways, and participate in a class discussion of how the leaf pack community is situated within a larger ecosystem.
Annual Growth Ring Patterns in Brachystegia spiciformis Reveal Influence of Precipitation on Tree Growth 1

The availability of exactly dated tree‐ring chronologies is limited in tropical regions. However, these chronologies could contribute widely to studies of the influence of natural and human‐induced factors on tropical forests. We examine the potential for building a chronology based on three sites in the miombo woodland of western Zambia. Brachystegia spiciformis Benth. , a dominant species from this vegetation type, is used. Response of the chronology to several climatic factors is examined. All specimens showed very clear growth rings, and cross‐dating between radii of a tree was successful for all trees. Site chronologies could be constructed after cross‐dating of growth ring series of individual trees. The mean growth ring curves of the three sites were significantly similar, allowing for the construction of a regional chronology. Correlation function analysis between the tree‐ring chronology and regional climatic variables revealed that climate at the core of the rainy season, in December and January, has an explicit influence on tree growth. Where precipitation and relative humidity in these months influence tree growth positively, temperature correlates in a negative way. Some 20 percent of the variance in the B. spiciformis tree‐ring chronology is accounted for by wet season rainfall. The successful cross‐dating and correlation between a tree‐ring chronology and climate demonstrated in this study indicate annual ring formation in B. spiciformis trees and sensitivity to climatic conditions.
Determination of Adenosine Triphosphate by a Target Inhibited Catalytic Cycle Based on a Strand Displacement Reaction

A strand displacement reaction-based system was developed for the determination of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It involved an entropy-driven catalytic cycle that directly employed the ATP aptamer as the catalyst. Introduction of ATP into the system induced the catalyst to form the G-quadruplex conformation and inhibited its catalytic activity. All intermediates in the catalytic cycle processes were identified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. When the oligonucleotides were labeled with a carboxyfluorescein fluorophore and a 4-([4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]azo)benzoic acid quencher, this strand displacement reaction-based catalytic system exhibited a “switch-on” response for ATP. Conditions for detecting ATP, such as the toehold length, concentrations of the catalyst and magnesium ion, and incubation temperature, were optimized to obtain a detection limit of 50 nM and a linear response up to 1400 nM of ATP. This target inhibited catalytic cycle provides an enzyme-free biosensing strategy and has potential application in aptamer-based biosensing.
The Evaluation of Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Structural Identification Activity of Trimer Resveratrol from Malaysia's Dipterocarpaceae

Dipterocarpus verrucosus is known as "keruing merah" by the local is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae, endemic to Brunei, Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra), Malaysia (peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak). In this study we wish to report on characterization of trimer resveratrol from the Dipterocarpus verrocosus as well as the antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The structure of the compound was confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR analyses and comparison with previous data. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH, TPC, FTC and TBA. Meanwhile for antibacterial it was screened again E.coli, Klebsiella pneunomonia, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella paratyphi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The testing was carried out by the disc diffusion method. The result indicated that α-viniferin, resveratrol trimer from Dipterocarpus verrucosus gave moderate activity towards antibacterial and antioxidant values. This report is very important for the chemotaxonomy of Dipterocarpaceae family since from the literature review this is first work on this species which no chemical and biological report was evaluated.
Aero-acoustic fan broadband noise: A new parameterization proposal

Due to the new regulation schedule that is been restricting the aircraft noise emission, the aircraft design processes requires even more reliable aircraft noise prediction models. Especially during take-off, the turbo-fan Engine is one of the noise sources most in concern. Historically the tonal noise have been studied and treated, but the Broadband noise is becoming the aim of studies nowaday. Taking advantage of experimental data that has been collected with the new AeroAcoustic Fan Rig at University of São Paulo and data of Fan Noise test bed from Aero-Acoustic Noise and Propulsion Lab at NASA Glenn, using the in-duct modal decomposition of the noise, a new parameterization for Broadband noise for turbo-fan are proposed to represent the modal noise spectrum. The new parameteerization are compared with the Gaussian function proposed by Heidmann and even combined together. The results show that the new parameterization represents better the Broadband noise on low frequencies and is good as the Gaussian approach at high frequencies. The combinations of the new function and Gaussian results in an adjustment that the Gaussian function have low influence on final results. The reconstruction of the total spectrum propagated thought the duct shows good agreement with far-field measurements characteristics.
Experimental Realization and Synchronization of a Chua Circuit

A Chua circuit, known to exhibit chaotic behavior, has been constructed and studied. The circuit was built with a potentiometer as a control resistor, and chaotic dynamics such as limit cycles and attractors were measured and compared to a numerical simulation. The circuit showed intermittent chaos from 1307Ω to 1777Ω, and were in agreement with the numerical simulation within an 11.81% to 18.81% relative error range. Two Chua Circuits were then successfully synchronized using the bidirectional method.
The effect of rumen protozoa on the urinary excretion of purine derivatives in goats

Urinary purine derivative (PD) excretion was estimated to examine the effect of rumen protozoa on total PD excretion in goats fed hay and a concentrate diet. The effect of increasing protozoa number in the rumen on nitrogen (N) balance and urinary PD excretion was determined after inoculation. Protozoa increased slowly until 4 days after inoculation, and on the 5th day after inoculation rapidly, finally (10 days) reaching 4·1×105/ml of rumen contents similar to that before defaunation. Urinary N excretion showed a small (non-significant) decrease. Urinary PD excretion did not change until the 7th day, and then the level decreased on the 8th day after faunation presumably due to the effect of increased protozoa in the rumen. The mean urinary total PD excretion significantly (P<0·05) decreased in the defaunated group compared with that in the faunated group. Comparable changes were not seen in plasma PD level of faunated and defaunated groups.
Participation in Decision Making and Organisational Commitment of Customer Service Representatives of Eateries

The present day knowledge-based business-scape makes employees the main source of competitiveness for firms; they possess the knowledge that serve as catalyst for differentiating one firm’s work from others. Committed employees thus constitute strategic assets for organizations. This study focused on determining the relationship between participation in decision making and organisational commitment of customer service representatives. The study utilised participation in decision making as a unidimensional construct while commitment was treated as a multidimensional construct consisting of affective, continuance and normative commitment. The study adopted an explanatory research design. It used a questionnaire to collect primary data and employed the P(r) as the test statistic, relying on SPSS version 20.0. The study observed that participation in decision making associate strongly with organisational commitment of customer service representatives. This is because participation in decision making posted strong, positive and statistically significant relationship with all the measures of organisational commitment accommodated in the study. The study therefore conclude that participation in decision making influences organisational commitment of customer service representatives, or that normative, continuance and affective commitment of customer service representatives depends on participation in decision making . The study recommends that firms seeking to build committed customer service representatives should engage this category of employees in making decisions, especially those that directly affect their jobs.
Coronary Motion Modeling for CTA to X-Ray Angiography Registration

textabstractThe goal of the work described in this thesis is to develop and validate techniques to make 3D coronary computed tomography angiography available during percutaneous coronary interventions. The accurate alignment of the preoperative image with the intraoperative situation is very challenging due to the fast and extensive motion of the coronary arteries caused by the cardiac cycle. The main focus of our work is therefore on this alignment problem.
SYMPLECTIC REPRESENTATIONS OF BRAID GROUPS

Let X be a Riemann surface (for our purposes, X will always be either the complex plane or a compact Riemann surface). We will denote by Fn(X) the ordered configuration space of n points on X, which is given by X minus all subsets ∆i,j of points (z1, ., zn) with zi = zj, for 1 ≤ i, j ≤ n. In other words, Fn(X) is the spaces of ordered subsets of X of cardinality n. The symmetric group Sn acts on Fn(X) by σ ·(z1, .zn) = (zσ(1), . , zσ(n)) for all permutations σ ∈ Sn. We will denote by Cn(X) the (unordered) configuration space of n points on X, which is given by taking the quotient of Fn(X) by this action of Sn. One can think of Cn(X) as the space of (unordered) subsets of of X of cardinality n. The fundamental group of Cn(X) is the (full) braid group on n strands of X and will be denoted Bn(X). The fundamental group of Fn(X) can be identified with all braids in Bn(X) which return the n points to their original positions (rather than merely permute them). It is called the pure braid group on n strands of X and will be denoted Pn(X). Note that, as one expects from covering space theory, Pn(X) Bn(X), and Bn(X)/Pn(X) ∼= Sn. In fact, the above isomorphism can be defined using the obvious homomorphism Bn(X) → Sn, which takes each braid to its corresponding permuation of n points, and whose kernel is Pn(X). Let P denote the complex plane, and let let T0 denote the Riemann sphere. The following presentations of their braid groups are computed in [1].
Factors Affecting the Metabolizable Energy Content of Poultry Feeds

Abstract GROSS, digestible, metabolizable, productive or net energy values may be used to describe the energy content of a feed. A gross energy value indicates the total amount of energy present in an ingredient but, as this bears no relationship to the amount which is actually available to the animal, such values are of no practical use in the formulation of rations. Digestible energy values vary greatly depending upon the species being fed; consequently, values obtained from studies with mammals are not necessarily applicable to poultry. The direct determination of digestible energy values for materials fed to poultry is difficult due to the problems associated with separating the feces from the urine. The determination of productive energy values is laborious while net energy determinations require very specialized equipment as well as a considerable amount of time. Metabolizable energy values are relatively simple to obtain and provide a measure of the feed …
MS9: Implementation of field actions to enhance effectiveness of restoration protocols Marine Ecosystem Restoration in Changing European Seas MERCES

AUTHORS: Simonetta Fraschetti (CoNISMa), Giuseppe Guarnieri (CoNISMa), Laura Tamburello (CoNISMa), Loredana Papa (CoNISMa), Annalisa Falace (University of Trieste, CoNISMa), Serena Zampardi (CoNISMa), Joaquim Garrabou (CSIC), Jean-Baptiste Ledoux (CSIC), Daniel Gómez Gras (CSIC), Angel López-Sanz (CSIC), Paula López Sendino (CSIC), Emma Cebrian (UdG-CSIC), Jana Verdura (UdG-CSIC), Cristina Linares (UB), Bernat Hereu (UB), Alba Medrano (UB), Pol Capdevila (UB), Ignasi Montero Serra (UB), Marta Pagès (UB), Eliana Ferretti (GAIA), Martina Milanese (GAIA), Antonio Sarà (GAIA), Carlo Cerrano (UNIVPM), Camilla With Fagerli (NIVA), Elizabeth Grace Tunka Eronat (MCS)
Glutamate dehydrogenase regulation in callus cultures of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia: effect of glucose feeding and carbon source starvation on the isoenzymatic pattern

Abstract. In callus cultures of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase was repressed by glucose, whereas, on the contrary, carbon and energy source deprivation induced a remarkable increase in specific activity. Definition of these two opposite types of response was made possible by the use of glycerol as a non-repressing carbon source: in this condition, glutamate dehydrogenase activity reached an intermediate level, which was similar to the derepressed values of activity obtainable when cultures were allowed to exhaust the glucose supply in the medium. Isoelectric focusing analysis revealed the existence of three different isoenzymatic patterns which could be correlated to the three different levels of specific activity: repressed (glucose), induced (carbon starvation) and intermediate (glycerol). Repression affected mainly the four more cathodic bands which were predominant in non-repressed conditions. The possible catabolic role of these isoenzymes is discussed.
Phenological episodes of Myriophyllum spicatum (Haloragaceae); a highly invasive species in Kashmir Himalayan aquatic ecosystems.

Phenological behaviour of Myriophyllum spicatum, a highly invasive species in Kashmir Himalayan aquatic ecosystems, was studied in different standing and running water populations for a period of 12 months to monitor the various developmental stages. The plant starts its life cycle with the sprouting of rhizomes and axillary buds in standing water populations, whereas in running waters rhizomes and nodal plantlets contribute to new recruitments. In standing waters flowering phase prolongs when compared to running water populations. In standing water populations a high seed set was observed, whereas in running waters seed formation does not take place. The knowledge of time period and formation of these vegetative and sexual propagules by this invasive species is very important for its effective management and control in these ecosystems. (Shahzada Arshid and Aijaz A Wani. Phenological episodes of Myriophyllum spicatum (Haloragaceae); a highly invasive species in Kashmir Himalayan aquatic ecosystems. Nature and Science 2011;9(5):42-45). (ISSN: 1545- 0740). http://www.sciencepub. net .
Patterns of boreal permafrost peatland vegetation across environmental gradients sensitive to climate warming

This study documents changes in community and functional group across environmental gradients sensitive to climate warming in boreal permafrost peatlands and describes how future changes in temperature and precipitation may lead to changes in species composition and ecosystem properties. At the landscape scale, the presence of permafrost strongly influenced species composition. The position of permafrost thaw affected surface water pH and species composition. At local scales, a combination of water table depth and vegetation structure strongly controlled community composition. Permafrost plateau plots with high Picea mariana basal area were characterized by darker and drier understorey conditions, low cover of Sphagnum fuscum, Ledum groenlandicum, and lichen, and high cover of feather mosses. Aquatic collapse scar plots were dominated by aquatic Sphagnum and Carex, whereas more xeric plots were dominated by hummock Sphagnum and ericaceous shrubs. Functional group responses indicated that changing environm.
A CLASSIFICATION OF THE MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUSES

Coinfection of neonatal BALB/c mice with helper-dependent Friend spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV), as contained in the Friend virus (FV) complex, and antigenically distinct Moloney leukemia virus (MolLV) resulted in the recovery of a MolLV pseudotype of SFFV, abbreviated SFFV(MolLV). The antigenic alteration of SFFV was observed by following its neutralization kinetics in vitro by specific Friend or Moloney typing antiserum. Effective pseudotype production was accomplished only when N-tropic LLV-F (the natural helper virus in the FV complex) was inhibited in B-type mice coinfected with an NB-tropic MolLV or other murine leukemia virus (MuLV) preparation. SFFV pseudotypes could not be prepared by using murine viruses other than leukemia viruses. SFFV prepared after two serial passages in the presence of MolLV was effectively neutralized by Moloney antiserum, but not by Friend typing antiserum; therefore, the envelope of the pseudotype virus, SFFV(MolLV), is homogeneous. Pseudotype virus was antigenically stable in the absence of continued mixed infection of BALB/c mice with SFFV(MolLV) and MolLV. However, SFFV(MolLV) was easily converted back to the LLV-F type after only one passage in BALB/c mice coinfected with NB-tropic LLV-F. The antigenic interconversion between LLV-F and MolLV types demonstrated that SFFV is defective with respect to the expression of neutralizable envelope antigens. Analysis of the neutralizable envelope antigens of nine SFFV(MuLV) pseudotypes by a panel of seven typing antisera made possible a "type-specific" SFFV(MuLV) envelope classification. Two major categories have been identified which correspond to the Gross (G) and Friend-Moloney-Rauscher (FMR) subgroups. Further, the FMR subgroup was divided into four types on the basis of distinct neutralization patterns. These results indicated that the specificity observed by cytotoxic G vs. FMR antisera is different from that observed by neutralization kinetics. We therefore suggest that the specific antigens revealed by virus neutralization tests be referred to as type specific.
Robust DC-DC Boost Converter Control for Integration of Fuel Cell with Renewable Energy Sources

Renewable energy sources, such as photovoltaic, fuel cell and wind energy are becoming a sustainable alternative to non-renewable sources like fossil fuel. However, to integrate these energies into the grid, power electronic converters plays major role due to their power conditioning capability, reliability and effectiveness. In this paper, design, modeling and analysis of a DC-DC boost converter with robust controlling technique, fuzzy sliding mode controlling strategy has been developed and a brief comparison has been performed with a sliding mode controller and a clasical PID controller which employed both current and a voltage control loop. The system is designed to achieve a fast dynamic response, zero steady-state error, and satisfactory stability. To realize that a detailed mathematical derivation of sliding mode fuzzy logic controller and a linearized small signal model of the power electronic converter around its DC steady state operating point is performed. Finally, in order to evaluate the designed system, a software simulation based on MATLAB/ Simulink environment is developed and results of the simulation shows the effectiveness of the proposed techniques.
Role of Extracellular Phosphatases in the Phosphorus-Nutrition of Clover

This paper examines the relationship between the ability of subterranean clover to use P-esters as sources of P for growth, and the enzymatic hydrolysis of those P-esters at the root surface. Trifolium subterraneum (cv. Mt. Barker) was grown under sterile conditions in porous agar containing either KH2P04 (Pi), 2',3'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) or inositol hexaphosphate (IHP) as the source of P in the medium. Subterranean clover used cAMP as well as Pi as a source of P for growth, but made little use of IHP. This preference in the use of P-esters was associated with differences in the substrate specificities of the externally accessible root phosphatases; roots of P-deficient clover grown under sterile conditions had high hydrolytic activity against cAMP but not IHP. These results are discussed in terms of an hypothesis on the function of the externally accessible phosphatases, i.e. that the phosphatases are present to recapture P from organic P compounds leaked from the cells.