Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spectrum of fetal echocardiographic findings in fetuses of women with clinical or serologic evidence of systemic lupus erythematosus

Objective. To assess the prevalence of cardiac abnormalities in fetuses of women with clinical or serologic evidence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods. A retrospective review of fetal echocardiograms performed secondary to maternal SLE or connective tissue antibodies with or without fetal complete heart block (CHB) was performed to evaluate the prevalence of fetal structural heart disease, valve regurgitation, abnormal ventricular function, pericardial effusion, endocardial fibroelastosis and rhythm abnormalities. Results. Forty-one fetuses were studied. One fetal demise occurred. Three fetuses had structural abnormalities, including d-transposition of the great arteries (n = 1) and pulmonic stenosis (n = 2). Seventeen fetuses had valve regurgitation. The prevalence of valve regurgitation was: tricuspid (n = 15), mitral (n = 6), pulmonic (n = 4) and aortic (n = 2). Two fetuses with pulmonic insufficiency had pulmonic stenosis. Four fetuses had CHB, one of which developed atrial flutter. Prolongation of the mechanical AV interval occurred in five fetuses; none developed CHB. Conclusions. In addition to CHB and myocardial dysfunction, structural heart defects occur in fetuses of women with serologic or clinical evidence of SLE. In our series, this occurred more frequently than reported for the general population. Valve regurgitation was present in all fetuses with CHB and many in sinus rhythm and may represent cardiac inflammation. Pulmonic insufficiency in utero may be a marker for a structural valve abnormality.
A 2.4-GHz Subharmonically Injection-Locked PLL With Self-Calibrated Injection Timing

A 2.4-GHz subharmonically injection-locked PLL (SILPLL) with injection timing calibration is realized. The injection timing issues has been clearly described and modeled mathematically. An injection timing calibration technique is presented to ensure the best phase noise performance. This work is fabricated in 0.18-μm process with 12.6-mW power consumption. The measured phase noises at 1 MHz offset before and after injection are -114 and -129 dBc/Hz, respectively. The measured rms jitter integrated from 1 kHz to 40 MHz before and after injection are 317 and 145 fs, respectively.
A 3.5 GHz Wideband ADPLL With Fractional Spur Suppression Through TDC Dithering and Feedforward Compensation

Nonlinearities in the time-to-digital converter (TDC) are a significant source of fractional spurs in a divider-less fractional-N ADPLL. Using an abstract model for the TDC, this paper presents a dithering method which is mathematically shown to suppress fractional tones, in conjunction with a feedforward dither cancellation technique which suppresses dither-induced phase noise. A mostly-digital calibration algorithm is also presented which ensures consistent phase noise cancellation across PVT conditions. The aforementioned techniques are implemented in a 65 nm digital CMOS prototype running at 3.5 GHz from a 35 MHz reference. The ADPLL demonstrates - 101 dBc/Hz in-band phase noise at a bandwidth of 3.4 MHz, - 58 dBc worst fractional spurious performance across the entire fractional range, and consumes 8.7 mW from a 1.2 V supply.
Nurse-led sexual health care: international perspectives

Nurses as first-line care providers for the treatment of sexually transmitted infections are a relatively new concept in the United Kingdom (UK). However, for over 25 years, services in other countries have been empowering nurses to work as autonomous practitioners, capable of dealing with patients presenting with a range of sexual health conditions and issues without necessarily seeking the advice or input of a doctor. This paper will present the observations of nurse-led services in Amsterdam, Seattle and Sydney. It will discuss how service providers in the UK can learn from the experiences of international colleagues and will argue why trained and experienced genitourinary medicine nurses need to advance their role and be better integrated as first-line care providers.
A macroscopic H+ and Cl− ions pump via reconstitution of EcClC membrane proteins in lipidic cubic mesophases

Significance Membrane protein crystallization from lipidic cubic mesophases has recently revolutionized membrane structural biology, yielding several high-resolution X-ray structures over the past 2 decades. Reconstituted membrane proteins within lipidic cubic mesophases also play a decisive role in other areas of biology, nanotechnology, and drug delivery. Despite the implications in all these fields, elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of membrane protein reconstitution within this complex environment is only at its infancy, and many questions remain unanswered. This work sheds a new light on the reconstitution mechanisms of ion transporters in lipidic cubic mesophases and illustrates how controlling the reconstitution at a macroscopic level leads to the design of new functional materials with unprecedented charge separation and transport properties. Functional reconstitution of membrane proteins within lipid bilayers is crucial for understanding their biological function in living cells. While this strategy has been extensively used with liposomes, reconstitution of membrane proteins in lipidic cubic mesophases presents significant challenges related to the structural complexity of the lipid bilayer, organized on saddle-like minimal surfaces. Although reconstitution of membrane proteins in lipidic cubic mesophases plays a prominent role in membrane protein crystallization, nanotechnology, controlled drug delivery, and pathology of diseased cells, little is known about the molecular mechanism of protein reconstitution and about how transport properties of the doped mesophase mirror the original molecular gating features of the reconstituted membrane proteins. In this work we design a general strategy to demonstrate correct functional reconstitution of active and selective membrane protein transporters in lipidic mesophases, exemplified by the bacterial ClC exchanger from Escherichia coli (EcClC) as a model ion transporter. We show that its correct reconstitution in the lipidic matrix can be used to generate macroscopic proton and chloride pumps capable of selectively transporting charges over the length scale of centimeters. By further exploiting the coupled chloride/proton exchange of this membrane protein and by combining parallel or antiparallel chloride and proton gradients, we show that the doped mesophase can operate as a charge separation device relying only on the reconstituted EcClC protein and an external bias potential. These results may thus also pave the way to possible applications in supercapacitors, ion batteries, and molecular pumps.
The Hidden Credit Boom in IS-LM Monetary Policy Analysis

This paper shows that the elimination of the capital market by Walras' Law in the standard IS-LM textbook model hides an interesting aspect of the monetary transmission process of this model. If a look behind the curtain of the IS-LM-presentation of the Keynesian fixed price model is allowed for, this reveals that under quite plausible assumptions, monetary policy can cause a credit boom, which significantly increases its leverage. As is shown, the decisive role monetary policy plays this model is due to the fact that in a fixed price model without money, the interest rate is undetermined. This indeterminacy of the interest rate in the model without money, is the ultimate reason for the strong leverage that monetary policy can exert in the model with money. The analysis shows also that the IS-LM-version of the Keynesian fixed price model can be mathematically derived from different institutional setups of monetary policy, such as a setup, where monetary policy is conducted by open market operations, or a setup, where monetary policy is conducted by financing the government budget.
2 3 MEN AND WOMEN, WORK AND FAMILY: A TEST OF COMPETING

18 19 20 Abstract 21 Women in Western societies have made enormous gains in education and labor force involvement since 22 the middle of the twentieth century. Various gender differences persist, however. For example, young 23 men and women in the United States continue to differ in their plans for work and family, with women 24
Peptide analogs in the therapy of prostate cancer

The use of peptide analogs in the therapy of prostate cancer is reviewed. The preferred primary treatment of advanced androgen‐dependent prostate cancer is presently based on the use of depot preparations of LH‐RH agonists. This treatment is likewise recommended in patients with rising PSA levels after surgery or radiotherapy. LH‐RH agonists with or without antiandrogens can be also utilized prior to or following various local treatments in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer and at high risk for disease recurrence. LH‐RH antagonists like Cetrorelix are in clinical trials. However, most patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma treated by any modality of androgen deprivation eventually relapse. Treatment of relapsed androgen‐independent prostate cancer remains a major challenge, but new therapeutic modalities are being developed based on antagonists of growth hormone‐releasing hormone (GH‐RH) and bombesin, which inhibit growth factors or their receptors. Another approach consists of cytotoxic analogs of LH‐RH, bombesin, and somatostatin containing doxorubicin or 2‐pyrrolinodoxorubicin, which can be targeted to receptors for these peptides found in prostate cancers and their metastases. These cytotoxic analogs inhibit growth of experimental androgen‐dependent or ‐independent prostate cancers and reduce the incidence of metastases. A rational therapy with peptide analogs could be selected on the basis of receptors present in biopsy samples. The approaches based on peptide analogs should result in a more effective treatment for prostate cancer. Prostate 45:158–166, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Role of Professional Protocols: Recruitment, Retention, and Service

The cultivation of professionalism is a necessary part of training the academic and research library leaders of the future. By incorporating professionalism into succession planning efforts, individuals acquire skills that will serve them across institutions as they transition between positions of power. For the purposes of this study, the aspects of professionalism were divided into four main categories: etiquette, professional behavior, personal presentation, and space (how people fill and use it). This chapter examines existing literature and contains the results of a survey of how library employees feel about professional protocols. It argues that the observance of professional protocols can impact student satisfaction as well as create a more positive work environment. Results of the survey indicate that libraries value professionalism with an emphasis on professional behavior. Kiyomi D. Deards University of Nebraska – Lincoln, USA Jolie O. Graybill University of Nebraska – Lincoln, USA DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-5812-7.ch005
Visuospatial, Visuoperceptual, and Visuoconstructive Abilities in Congenital Hypothyroidism

Abstract Individuals with congenital hypothyroidism (CH), even those diagnosed and treated early, experience selective cognitive deficits, the most striking of which involves the visuocognitive domain. However, the range and nature of their visuocognitive disturbances is not fully understood. We assessed a range of higher-order visuocognitive abilities in 19 children and adolescents with CH and 19 age- and sex-matched typically developing peers (TD) using a battery of neuropsychological tests and a novel self-report measure of sense of direction. CH scored lower than TD on direct tests of visuocognitive function (judging line orientation, parts-to-whole localization, copying three-dimensional block towers, discriminating designs, and matching unfamiliar faces in ¾ profile-view) as well as on self-reported problems in spatial ability. Visuocognitive problems were not global as CH and TD did not differ at copying two-dimensional block designs, mentally rotating and matching abstract shapes, or at matching unfamiliar front-view faces, design features, or designs that engaged either figure-ground segregation, visual constancy, or closure. Early and concurrent thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were associated with visuocognitive ability, although attention and working memory were not. Individuals with CH exhibit selective visuocognitive weaknesses, some of which are related to early and concurrent TSH levels. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–9)
Interaction of palmitoyl carnitine with calcium antagonists in myocytes

1 Beating of aggregates of embryonic chick myocytes, in primary culture, was quantified by use of a motion‐detector and video‐recorder technique. Interactions of palmitoyl carnitine, a putative endogenous ligand at Ca2+ channels, with calcium antagonists were investigated. 2 Bay K 8644 (1–100 nm) and palmitoyl carnitine (0.2–30 μm) increased edge movement of the aggregates; beats fused so that there was an increase in baseline ‘tone’. The concentrations required to produce a 50% increase in edge movement were 2.5 nm for Bay K 8644 and 2 μm for palmitoyl carnitine. Higher concentrations (20–30 μm) of palmitoyl carnitine caused tachycardia of abrupt onset but resulted in cessation of beating. The effects of palmitoyl carnitine were not stereo‐selective in that the (+)− and (−)‐isomers were equieffective. Lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC) had no effect in concentrations up to 10 μm but higher concentrations caused tachycardia followed by cessation of beating. High concentrations of both palmitoyl carnitine and LPC (100 μm) caused break‐up of the aggregates, presumably as a result of detergent effects. 3 Palmitoyl carnitine (1–100 μm) reversed the inhibitory effects of nisoldipine (0.3 μm), diltiazem (10 μm) and verapamil (1 μm). Ouabain was ineffective in reversing the effects of nisoldipine, differentiating the effects of palmitoyl carnitine from those of Na+/K+ATPase inhibition. In contrast, palmitoyl carnitine did not reverse the inhibitory effects of pimozide (2 μm) or lidoflazine (7 μm); palmitoyl carnitine showed a similar profile to Bay K 8644 in this respect. 4 These findings indicate that the effects of palmitoyl carnitine closely resemble those of Bay K 8644 and can be differentiated from those of lysophospholipids. As palmitoyl carnitine accumulates in the sarcolemma during myocardial ischaemia, the mode of action in the Ca2+ channel may have clinical relevance for the use of calcium antagonists in ischaemia.
Defective Infectious Particles and Rare Packaged Genomes Produced by Cells Carrying Terminal-Repeat-Negative Epstein-Barr Virus

ABSTRACT The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) lytic program includes lytic viral DNA replication and the production of a viral particle into which the replicated viral DNA is packaged. The terminal repeats (TRs) located at the end of the linear viral DNA have been identified as the packaging signals. A TR-negative (TR−) mutant therefore provides an appropriate tool to analyze the relationships between EBV DNA packaging and virus production. Here, we show that supernatants from lytically induced 293 cells carrying TR mutant EBV genomes (293/TR−) contain large amounts of viral particles devoid of viral DNA which are nevertheless able to bind to EBV target cells. This shows that viral DNA packaging is not a prerequisite for virion formation and egress. Rather surprisingly, supernatants from lytically induced 293/TR− cells also contained rare infectious viruses carrying the viral mutant DNA. This observation indicates that the TRs are important but not absolutely essential for virus encapsidation.
GEMINI: Geosynchronous SAR for Earth Monitoring by Interferometry and Imaging

In this paper we discuss a preliminary design for a constellation of geosynchronous (GEO) Synthetic Aperture Radars (SAR). The key design concept is to employ one or more pairs of closely-spaced twin receivers flown onboard GEO minisatellites moving with a velocity of few meters per second with respect to the Earth's surface, so as to form a synthetic aperture on the order of few tenths of kilometers twice a day. The employement of closely-spaced receivers would enable the estimation of the temporal gradient of the tropospheric delay via along track Interferometry, resulting in the possibility to coherently integrate the signal over an aperture time on the order of hours. As a result an area as wide as one thousand kilometers could be imaged while providing: i) continuous temporal coverage at coarse resolution (hundreds of meters); ii) high resolution (few meters) imaging and interferometric capabilities two or more times a day by integrating the signal over few hours, thus ensuring high SNR performance (for stable targets) with a transmitted power comparable to currently operated spaceborne SARs.
Unavailability analysis of long-haul networks

Network survivability is a key concern in today's network, and will become increasingly important in future optical networks as they carry ever more traffic. Networks are also becoming more complex, with the requirement for increased functionality. Currently, there is a lack of understanding in the industry as to the exact relationship between the choice of network architecture and the meeting of a set availability objective. This paper analyses a number of long-haul network architectures from an unavailability point of view. The long-haul networks analyzed include: networks with diversity, networks with restoration capability, and networks with survivability. Derivations are given for each architecture; formulas for 2 and 4-fiber rings, and dual fed routing are new. A hypothetical reference connection (HRX) and its unavailability objectives are used as references. Networks with restoration capability and networks with survivability meet the proposed objective. Self-healing rings (both 2 and 4-fiber bidirectional line switched rings) and dual fed systems offer the highest level of survivability, by eliminating service impacts caused by cable cuts and equipment failures. >
Communicative Capital for Prosthetic Agents

This work presents an overarching perspective on the role that machine intelligence can play in enhancing human abilities, especially those that have been diminished due to injury or illness. As a primary contribution, we develop the hypothesis that assistive devices, and specifically artificial arms and hands, can and should be viewed as agents in order for us to most effectively improve their collaboration with their human users. We believe that increased agency will enable more powerful interactions between human users and next generation prosthetic devices, especially when the sensorimotor space of the prosthetic technology greatly exceeds the conventional control and communication channels available to a prosthetic user. To more concretely examine an agency-based view on prosthetic devices, we propose a new schema for interpreting the capacity of a human-machine collaboration as a function of both the human's and machine's degrees of agency. We then introduce the idea of communicative capital as a way of thinking about the communication resources developed by a human and a machine during their ongoing interaction. Using this schema of agency and capacity, we examine the benefits and disadvantages of increasing the agency of a prosthetic limb. To do so, we present an analysis of examples from the literature where building communicative capital has enabled a progression of fruitful, task-directed interactions between prostheses and their human users. We then describe further work that is needed to concretely evaluate the hypothesis that prostheses are best thought of as agents. The agent-based viewpoint developed in this article significantly extends current thinking on how best to support the natural, functional use of increasingly complex prosthetic enhancements, and opens the door for more powerful interactions between humans and their assistive technologies.
Protein Kinase C-related Kinase 2 Regulates Hepatitis C Virus RNA Polymerase Function by Phosphorylation*

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B protein is the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase required for replication of the HCV RNA genome. We have identified a peptide that most closely resembles a short region of the protein kinase C-related kinase 2 (PRK2) by screening of a random 12-mer peptide library displayed on the surface of the M13 bacteriophage with NS5B proteins immobilized on microwell plates. Competitive phage enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a synthetic peptide showed that the phage clone displaying this peptide could bind HCV RNA polymerase with a high affinity. Coimmunoprecipitation and colocalization studies demonstrated in vivo interaction of NS5B with PRK2. In vitro kinase assays demonstrated that PRK2 specifically phosphorylates NS5B by interaction with the N-terminal finger domain of NS5B (amino acids 1–187). Consistent with the in vitro NS5B-phosphorylating activity of PRK2, we detected the phosphorylated form of NS5B by metabolic cell labeling. Furthermore, HCV NS5B immunoprecipitated from HCV subgenomic replicon cells was specifically recognized by an antiphosphoserine antibody. Knock-down of the endogenous PRK2 expression using a PRK2-specific small interfering RNA inhibited HCV RNA replication. In contrast, PRK2 overexpression, which was accompanied by an increase of in the level of its active form, dramatically enhanced HCV RNA replication. Altogether, our results indicate that HCV RNA replication is regulated by NS5B phosphorylation by PRK2.
Search by Screenshots for Universal Article Clipping in Mobile Apps

To address the difficulty in clipping articles from various mobile applications (apps), we propose a novel framework called UniClip, which allows a user to snap a screen of an article to save the whole article in one place. The key task of the framework is search by screenshots, which has three challenges: (1) how to represent a screenshot; (2) how to formulate queries for effective article retrieval; and (3) how to identify the article from search results. We solve these by (1) segmenting a screenshot into structural units called blocks, (2) formulating effective search queries by considering the role of each block, and (3) aggregating the search result lists of multiple queries. To improve efficiency, we also extend our approach with learning-to-rank techniques so that we can find the desired article with only one query. Experimental results show that our approach achieves high retrieval performance (F1 = 0.868), which outperforms baselines based on keyword extraction and chunking methods. Learning-to-rank models improve our approach without learning by about 6%. A user study conducted to investigate the usability of UniClip reveals that ours is preferred by 21 out of 22 participants for its simplicity and effectiveness.
Mapping transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) fields in vivo with MRI

TRANSCRANIAL magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive technique for investigating brain function that uses pulsed magnetic fields created by special coils to induce localized neuronal depolarization. Despite the technique's expanding application, the exact magnetic field produced by TMS coils have never been directly measured in human subjects. Using a standard 1.5T MR scanner and TMS coils constructed from non magnetic materials, we have obtained 3D maps of the magnetic field created by TMS coils in human volunteers. Further, we mapped the combined field of two coils and demonstrated that combinations of coils might be used to focus the magnetic field to achieve improved stimulation patterns and, perhaps, reach areas out of reach of single coils.