Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear mixed-effects models for multi-variate longitudinal data with application to HIV disease dynamics.

The motivation for the study of nonlinear mixed-effects models is due to the growing interest in the estimation of parameters in HIV disease dynamical models using real multivariate longitudinal data with varying degrees of informativeness. Special analytical and approximation techniques are needed to deal with such data because the repeated observations on any experimental unit are likely to be correlated over time while multiple outcomes within the unit will also be correlated. Furthermore, observations may be irregularly made within and between individuals making direct use of standard methods practically impossible. In this thesis, we consider a nonlinear mixed-effects model for a multivariate response variable that takes into account left-censored observations. Then we study a case where data are unbalanced among subjects and also within a subject because for some reason only a subset of the multiple outcomes of the response variable are observed at any one occasion. Dropout models that take into consideration the partially observed outcomes are proposed. We further derive a joint likelihood function which takes into account the multivariate responses and the unbalancedness in such data as a result of censoring and dropout. We then show how the methodology can be used in the estimation of the parameters that characterise HIV dynamical system in the presence of several covariates. We have also used multiple imputation to compare covariate coefficients in the complete data and
Genetic polymorphisms of CYP2D6*10 and CYP2C19*2,*3 are not associated with prognosis, endometrial thickness, or bone mineral density in Japanese breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant tamoxifen

The authors investigated the impact of the genetic polymorphisms cytochrome P450 (CYP) family 2, subfamily D, polypeptide 6, allele *10 (CYP2D6*10) and CYP family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 19, allele *2,*3 (CYP2C19*2,*3) on disease recurrence in patients with breast cancer who received adjuvant tamoxifen and evaluated the impact of those polymorphisms on endometrial thickness, bone mineral density (BMD), and serum total cholesterol levels.
Full State Control of a SLIP Model by Touchdown Detection

To enhance the well known, self-stabilizing effects of Spring Loaded Inverted Pendulum (SLIP) models, researchers have proposed a variety of dead-beat controllers that adjust model parameters (angel of attack, spring stiffness), such that a disturbance is rejected within a single step. While such laws can be nicely encoded for disturbances in hopping height (by using the time of flight as a measure of vertical position), they suffer from substantial drift due to the missing information about the forward velocity and inaccuracies in the actual system model. Without requiring additional complex sensors, we propose a method to estimate the forward velocity of a SLIP model based solely on measuring the time of stance. This method is additionally able to perform realtime parameter estimation, which paves the road to implement a full state dead-beat controller that can reject arbitrary disturbances even in the presence of model and sensor errors.
Allowable delay time of images with motion parallax and high-speed image generation

Images with motion parallax generated by CG should be displayed, based on the user's viewpoint, without delay. In this paper we examine the influence of delay time on images with motion parallax, both subjectively and via the task, by means of a device for 3-D manipulation in virtual space, and we measure the delay time in which the user can easily perceive an image with motion parallax. We also present a method to generate CG image at high speed in the allowable time by selecting from a database of different detailed models one model based on the distance between the viewpoint and object.
An experimental evaluation of task and methodology variables for requirements definition phase success

The effects that two methods of eliciting requirements and two types of task structure have on user involvement and analysis phase success are explored. A 2*2 factorial design compares a prototyping process to data-flow diagramming using a CASE (computer-aided software engineering) tool. Each method is used by one analyst and one user to elicit requirements for a decision-support system task or a transaction-processing system task. Some differences between treatments are found, although due to small sample size, results are not conclusive. Some concerns regarding future research studies that examine differences in systems development methodologies are also discussed. <<ETX>>
Prognostic significance of proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in colorectal cancer

Background. Recognition of a biologic marker in colorectal cancer tissue that correlates with recurrence and poor survival would offer a rationale for planning aggressive adjuvant therapy. This study assessed the prognostic significance of proliferation activity in cancer cells and nonneoplastic epithelial cells in patients with colorectal cancer, using proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemical analysis.
Aliasing noise processing of chrominance signals in video communication over the Internet

For video communication over Internet, restricted by transmission bandwidth, the video sampling rate is much lower than the Nyquist frequency decided by the features of sampled target. So, undersampling is a common case. Undersampling produces aliasing noise within sampling passband, which generates small-scale artifacts all over the image. Aliasing noise is much more severe factor than other noises in sampled imaging system which degrade the quality of image. Usually, chrominance components suffer from aliasing noises much more heavily than luminance component, because their sampling rate is a half of the one of luminance component. We propose novel sampling data processing methods and develop the algorithm derived by Zhi Kuan Chen[1]. In our sampling mechanism, we don't directly reduce the pixel density of chrominance components, instead, we construct 4 low density frames from one input high density frame. These four frames have different spatial shifts relative to original frame. We apply the algorithm to these four frames. The aliasing noises are reduced or eliminated. Effect of our aliasing noises processing methods depends on the accuracy of spatial shifts measuring. Fortunately, in our mechanism, the displacements or phase shifts can be decided precisely
Labeled, typed links as cues when reading hypertext documents

This article examines the classification of link types within hypertext databases. Do labeled links act as cues, enabling understanding of the structure and leading to more informed navigational choices? Although there is anecdotal evidence that indicating link types to readers is useful in hypertext systems, there is little experimental data to support this position. This study tries to provide an experimental basis for the development of labels identifying link types. It addresses whether labeling the different types of links affects hypertext searching by providing or enhancing a structure for readers of nonlinear texts. An experiment was run to determine which of the following three conditions serve users with better cues and lead to increased performance in both browsing and querying scenarios: 1) Providing only organizational links; 2) Adding unlabeled semantic, rhetorical, and pragmatic links in addition to the organizational links; and 3) Adding labeled semantic, rhetorical, and pragmatic links to the organizational links. The experiment used a between subjects design where subjects were library science students. SuperBook was used as the hypertext platform and the OCLC Cataloguing Users' Guide was used as the hypertext document. The statistical results indicate that there was no significant difference between the three conditions in the browsing task. However, subjects who had labeled content‐based links performed significantly better on the querying task. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Talking about Science: The Case of an Electronic Conversation.

ABSTRACT Can telecommunications create new paths for professional development? Are networks vehicles for in‐depth conversations about science? In this paper the authors describe a research study in which they analyzed an electronic conversation that occurred on the LabNet network, an electronic network for science teachers. The authors describe a conversation about the nature of science that occurred for eight weeks among 10 science teachers on the network. Through a case study of the conversation they identify the characteristics of messages that start and sustain a conversation and examine the ideas presented in messages that are ignored. The authors raise important issues about the potential of telecommunications as an innovative approach for professional development Their research suggests that an electronic network such as LabNet can create conditions that enhance teachers’ knowledge of science and foster their colleagueship. Participating on electronic networks with colleagues in distant towns and c.
Adaptive networks, dynamical systems, and the predictive analysis of time series speech analysis

The authors attempt to illustrate that adaptive network techniques provide an efficient mechanism for extracting qualitative details concerning the statistics and dynamics of transient time series based on a limited amount of information. Although the reported results on speech waveforms were obtained using a traditional multilayer perceptron structure (with linear output units), very similar results were obtained with radial basis function networks with spherical Gaussian nonlinearities at the hidden units. They suggest that the observed structure is characteristic of the data itself, as opposed to an artifact of the particular network used to model the observation sequence. They also suggest that this approach indicates fruitful possibilities for coding applications.
Generating and evaluating simulation scenarios to improve emergency department operations

Overcrowding and long patient length of stay, staff shortage, arrival volume increases, and budget constraints are problems hampering ED operations (Sinreich and Marmor, 2005; Maull et al., 2009; NHS, 2010). This paper suggests a framework for schematic generation and evaluation of simulation scenarios to improve ED processes in real-life environments. We illustrate the application of our methodology in a specific ED. We contribute to the area of ED computer simulation by suggesting a methodology that offers the following advantages: (1) Simulation scenarios can be schematically formulated rather than based on trial-and-error experiments. (2) Scenario development can be integrated in the different stages of simulation model development to support designers and management in understanding ED problems, improvement goals, data that should be collected and operational changes that should be applied.
Unspeakable Sentences : Narration and Representation in the Language of Fiction

Preface Introduction 1. The expression of subjectivity and the sentences of direct and indirect speech 2. The sentence of represented speech and thought 3. Communication and the sentence of discourse 4. The sentences of narration and discourse 5. The sentence representing non-reflective consciousness and the absence of the narrator 6. The historical development of narrative style Conclusion: Narration and representation: the knowledge of the clock and the lens Notes Bibliography Name index Subject index
Duelling Languages: Grammatical Structure in Codeswitching

The goal of this book is to describe and explain intrasentential codeswitching - the production of two or more languages within the same sentence. Most linquists who do not study codeswitching think of it as belonging strictly in the domain of sociolinguistics. Most codeswitching studies do indeed have a social aspect, because they typically use naturally occurring performance data as their base. However, this book is just as much a study in grammatical theory as a study of language in use. The specific research question addressed is this: when speakers alternate between two or more linguistic varieties, how free is this alternation from the structural point of view? Carol Myers-Scotton develops a model of the morphosyntactic constraints on codeswitching; she concludes that the principles governing codeswitching are the same everywhere. Her findings support a lexically based model of language production.
Semantic Concept Mining Based on Hierarchical Event Detection for Soccer Video Indexing

In this paper, we present a novel automated indexing and semantic labeling for broadcast soccer video sequences. The proposed method automatically extracts silent events from the video and classifies each event sequence into a concept by sequential association mining. The paper makes three new contributions in multimodal sports video indexing and summarization. First, we propose a novel hierarchical framework for soccer (football) video event sequence detection and classification. Unlike most existing video classification approaches, which focus on shot detection followed by shot-clustering for classification, the proposed scheme perform a top-down video scene classification which avoids shot clustering. This improves the classification accuracy and also maintains the temporal order of shots. Second, we compute the association for the events of each excitement clip using a priori mining algorithm. We pro- pose a novel sequential association distance to classify the association of the excitement clip into semantic concepts. For soccer video, we have considered goal scored by team-A, goal scored by team-B, goal saved by team-A, goal saved by team-B as semantic concepts. Third, the extracted excitement clips with semantic concept label helps us to summarize many hours of video to collection of soccer highlights such as goals, saves, corner kicks, etc. We show promising results, with correctly indexed soccer scenes, enabling structural and temporal analysis, such as video retrieval, highlight extraction, and video skimming.
Time for a change: new approaches for a new generation of library users

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to offer some insight into changes that are occurring in the expectations and behaviour of researchers seeking scholarly information and the ways in which libraries and vendors are addressing these changes in light of the availability of Web 2.0 technologies.Design/methodology/approach – The paper investigates current trends in information seeking, defines and describes factors that contribute to an up‐to‐date, user‐centric library experience, and examines the movement of vendors and libraries toward such a library experience.Findings – The paper identifies aspects of new library interfaces that attempt to satisfy the needs of today's information seekers and describes a new approach for creating a user experience layer for library collections. The Primo® discovery and delivery system from Ex Libris serves as an example of a library interface that was designed in light of this new approach.Originality/value – As more organisations become concerned about the decreasing.
Impact of the mobility models, route and link connectivity on the performance of position based routing protocols

This paper investigate the fundamental factors “mobility models, route and link connectivity” in Mobile Ad hoc networks (MANET) which have a major impact on the performance of position based routing protocols. In addition, a new measurement method called probability of communication process is proposed. The method is used to measure the success rate of established path by a MANET routing protocol, which allow to stress test and inspect the stability, scalability and adaptability of MANET routing protocols. We analysed the effect of “route and link connectivity” on the performance of protocols under two different mobility models. Results show the evaluation and performance of the proposed protocol under a unified simulation environment for different scenarios.
The Clip Score: Is it time to be clipped away?

According to the World Health Organization, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common malignancy in the world, with approximately 398 000 incident cases in 2000 (1). It is also a highly lethal malignancy resulting in nearly 384 000 deaths that same year (2). Although the incidence of HCC has traditionally been lower in western countries, it has been increasing in recent years in the US and elsewhere (3). Because of poor survival of these patients, mortality associated with HCC has increased essentially in parallel with the increase in incidence (4). The vast majority of HCC arises in patients with underlying chronic liver disease, most commonly cirrhosis. The existence of underlying liver disease not only increases the risk of HCC, but also influences the survival of the patient. Thus, HCC is unique in that survival of patients with HCC depends upon the severity of underlying liver dysfunction as well as the extent of the tumour. For example, the TNM staging system, which is widely used for many solid tumours, only addresses the extent of the tumour (5). Other staging systems incorporate some measures of the abnormal physiology associated with liver disease. These include the Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP) score, Okuda staging, Japan Integrated Staging, Groupe d’Etude et de Traitement du Carcinome Hepatocellulaire score and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer system. The CLIP score was proposed in 1998, based on a retrospective analysis of 435 Italian patients accrued between 1990 and 1992 (6). The score is based on four variables: the Child–Pugh class, tumour morphology, portal vein thrombosis and serum concentration of a-foetoprotein (AFP). As shown in the adjacent table, component scores ranging from 0 to 2 are assigned for each of these variables. In the derivation of the CLIP score, the way in which these scores were assigned was numerically accurate, albeit fortuitously. The table shows that hazard ratios of the features that were given a score of 1 happened to be approximately 1.7 (1.58–1.79), whereas those with a score of 2 were approximately twice that (3.18–3.92). Thus, an increase in a score of 1 is associated with an identical risk (about a 1.7-fold increase in the risk of death), regardless of how that score came about. This is a rare advantage of this model that is conducive to generating a tabular scoring system, as all the variables in the model have a nearly uniform risk. Subsequent work has shown that the CLIP score is able to stratify patients according to the risk of death (7, 8).
Automatic indexing of a sound database using self-organizing neural nets

One of the main problems in sound synthesis is that the composer's idea or concept of a sound does not necessarily correspond directly to the physical parameters of synthesis algorithms. In regard to FM syntheseis, Ackermann (1991) mentions that the transition from idea to synthesis requires "patience, skill and a little bit of luck. " Even computer-based sound-generating systems like Cmusic do not have a user-interface that allows the intuitive mapping from sound idea to soundgenerating method in a musically satisfactory
The analysis of animal bones from archeological sites

In growing numbers, archeologists are specializing in the analysis of excavated animal bones as clues to the environment and behavior of ancient peoples. This pathbreaking work provides a detailed discussion of the outstanding issues and methods of bone studies that will interest zooarcheologists as well as paleontologists who focus on reconstructing ecologies from bones. Because large samples of bones from archeological sites require tedious and time-consuming analysis, the authors also offer a set of computer programs that will greatly simplify the bone specialist's job. After setting forth the interpretive framework that governs their use of numbers in faunal analysis, Richard G. Klein and Kathryn Cruz-Uribe survey various measures of taxonomic abundance, review methods for estimating the sex and age composition of a fossil species sample, and then give examples to show how these measures and sex/age profiles can provide useful information about the past. In the second part of their book, the authors present the computer programs used to calculate and analyze each numerical measure or count discussed in the earlier chapters. These elegant and original programs, written in BASIC, can easily be used by anyone with a microcomputer or with access to large mainframe computers.
A parallel network for the computation of structure from long-range motion

The authors propose a parallel architecture for computing the 3-D structure of a moving scene from a long image sequence, using a principle known as the incremental rigidity scheme. At each instant an internal model of the 3-D structure is updated, based upon the observations accumulated until that time. The updating process favors rigid transformations but tolerates a limited deviation from rigidity. This deviation eventually leads the internal model to converge towards the actual 3-D structure of the scene. The main advantage of this architecture is its ability to accurately estimate the 3-D structure of the scene at a low computational cost. Testing has been successfully performed on synthetic data as well as real image sequences. <<ETX>>
Shortening and Ambisyllabicity in English

This article investigates the role of the syllable in the phonology of English. In particular, it centres on the problem of shortening and ambisyllabicity. The latter has sometimes been equated with resyllabification (Borowsky 1986; Myers 1987). In this view, ambisyllabicity is a phonetic phenomenon and it is resyllabification that plays a role in phonology. We demonstrate that shortening and ambisyllabicity/resyllabification are, counter to the currently held belief, entirely independent of each other, even though quantity-related processes (shortening and lengthening) are set in syllabic terms. This study continues the general line of generative research on English begun originally by Chomsky & Halle (1968, hereafter SPE) and developed in a number of later contributions, notably by Rubach (1984), Halle & Mohanan (1985), Myers (1987) and Yip (1987). Attention is focused on the latter two papers. The interpretations presented in these papers are revised and expanded in a number of substantial ways. The database has been broadened to cover the facts of British English, in particular Received Pronunciation (RP), as reported in the standard sources, such as Gimson (1970), Jones (1972), Jones & Gimson (1977) and Harris (1994). While in most cases the choice of the dialect of English plays no role, there are some rules and facts that refer exclusively to RP (Schwa Insertion, Tapping, the distribution of [I]/[ə]). For the sake of consistency, all the transcriptions cited in this article are drawn from RP. The presentation is organised as follows. § 1 introduces the problem of shortening. §2 presents a complete list of the relevant classes of data and a partial critique of the analyses by Yip (1987) and Myers (1987).