Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study of Prevalence of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patient Admitted in ICU

Original Research Article Introduction: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) (previously referred as acute renal failure) reflects a broad spectrum of clinical presentations ranging from mild to severe acute insult that may result in reversible loss of renal function. The lack of consensus has resulted in a broad range of estimated prevalence of AKI in the intensive care unit (ICU) ranging from 1% to 70% depending on the criteria used. Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a complex disorder that occurs in a variety of settings, with clinical manifestations ranging from a minimal elevation in serum creatinine to anuric renal failure. Objectives: To study prevelance of AKI in critically ill patients admitted in Medical ICU with special refrence to various etiological and co-morbid condition. Material and Method: This Cross sectional analytical study was carried out in our institution for duration of 15 month . Total of 200 subjects were enrolled in the study. Detailed clinical profile and demographic profile including various etiological and pre-existing conditions were noted. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 16. Results: Sepsis was the most common cause of the AKI followed by the hypovolemia due to diarrhea, and Patients with some associated co-morbidities were more prone to have AKI. Conclusion: AKI (ARF) is of very common occurrence among patients attending various ICUs. Early detection of AKI and its predisposing factors is the need of time so that we can prevent short term mortality and also long term morbidity due to progression of these patients into chronic renal dysfunction i.e. ESRD.
Self Satisfaction of the Entrepreneurs in relation to the CSR Practices across Peshawar KPK Pakistan

As the time goes on people are becoming more and more materialistic and everyone is busy in making more and more money, but the thing which is missing is the self satisfaction which makes a person relieved from materialistic thinking, tension and egoism, this study is helpful in finding out the level of self satisfaction by carrying out different CSR activities, and the findings can be generalized for the rest of the entrepreneurs. This paper is about the self satisfaction of the entrepreneurs across Peshawar KP Pakistan in relation to the CSR practices. The paper has highlighted the impact of three CSR activities namely environmental concerns, health concerns, and the literacy concerns, for this purpose a questionnaire was developed and the findings were based on the feedback of these questionnaires. The paper concludes that the said CSR activities are significantly related to the self satisfaction of the entrepreneurs across Peshawar KP Pakistan. [Shahid Jan, Kashif Amin, Muhammad Tariq, Zahoor Ul Haq, Nazim Ali. Self Satisfaction of the Entrepreneurs in relation to the CSR Practices across Peshawar KPK Pakistan. Life Sci J 2014;11(5s):36-40]. (ISSN:10978135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 7
Prevalence of Depressive Disorders in Children with Specific Learning Disabilities

Prevalence of Depressive Disorders in Children With Specific Learning Disabilities Background: Learning disabled children are at risk for behavioral disorders, including depression. In India, diagnosis and interventions for learning disorders are limited.The purpose of the present study was to examine the prevalence of depression and its severity in school-aged children with specific learning disability (SLD) compared to non-learning disabled peers. Methods: In a tertiary care pediatric neurodevelopmental centre in Mumbai, we identified 200 children consecutively over twelve months referred for low academic performance, by screening of clinical records, academic history, vision-hearing tests, who additionally underwent psychoeducational battery and cognitive testing at the center, and were determined to have average intelligence . but meeting criteria for Specific Learning Disability (SLD). The controls were 100 siblings of the children who were screened for SLD by curriculum based tests. We assessed depression using Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HDRS for 8-12 years) and Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI for 13-14 years). Additionally parental history of prescription medications for mental health needs was also noted. We performed multivariate logistic regression to study the association between SLD and depression. All activities were approved by the Institutional Review Board. Results: The mean (S D) age of children with SLD was 11.9 (1.6) years and of non-SLD children was 11.2 (1.2) years.In SLD group the M:F ratio was 1.5:1 and in the non SLD it was 0.8:1. A significantly higher proportion of children with SLD reported that their academic and extracurricular activities were reduced compared to children without SLD (6% vs 0%, p
Genetic variation in GC and CYP2R1 affects 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and skeletal parameters: A genome-wide association study in 24-month-old Finnish children

Vitamin D is important for normal skeletal homeostasis, especially in growing children. There are no previous genome-wide association (GWA) studies exploring genetic factors that influence vitamin D metabolism in early childhood. We performed a GWA study on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and response to supplementation in 761 healthy term-born Finnish 24-month-old children, who participated in a randomized clinical trial comparing effects of 10 μg and 30 μg of daily vitamin D supplementation from age 2 weeks to 24 months. Using the Illumina Infinium Global Screening Array, which has been optimized for imputation, a total of 686085 markers were genotyped across the genome. Serum 25(OH)D was measured at the end of the intervention at 24 months of age. Skeletal parameters reflecting bone strength were determined at the distal tibia at 24 months using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) (data available for 648 children). For 25(OH)D, two strong GWA signals were identified, localizing to GC (Vitamin D binding protein) and CYP2R1 (Vitamin D 25-hydroxylase) genes. The GWA locus comprising the GC gene also associated with response to supplementation. Further evidence for the importance of these two genes was obtained by comparing association signals to gene expression data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression project and performing colocalization analyses. Through the identification of haplotypes associated with low or high 25(OH)D concentrations we used a Mendelian randomization approach to show that haplotypes associating with low 25(OH)D were also associated with low pQCT parameters in the 24-month-old children. In this first GWA study on 25(OH)D in this age group we show that already at the age of 24 months genetic variation influences 25(OH)D concentrations and determines response to supplementation, with genome-wide significant associations with GC and CYP2R1. Also, the dual association between haplotypes, 25(OH)D and pQCT parameters gives support for vertical pleiotropy mediated by 25(OH)D.
Barium follow through in the assessment and follow-up of adult patients with short bowel syndrome*

Short bowel syndrome is defined as the small bowel functional absorptive surface inability to provide adequate nutrition, leading to intestinal failure and chronic malnutrition. In adult individuals the main etiologies for short bowel syndrome are related to extensive or multiple surgical bowel resections secondary to mesenteric ischemia, Crohn’s disease and actinic enteritis. Besides evaluating the transit time through the large bowel, barium follow through may be utilized in the measurement of bowel remnants length as well as in the follow-up of structural adaptation phenomena of small bowel and colonic loops. In patients with short bowel syndrome, structural small bowel adaptation consists in hyperplasia of villi and mucosal folds, which become more numerous, deeper and larger in diameter, as well as remnant segment dilation. Such morphological findings are more prominent and best established in the ileal loops, whose remarkable adaptive capacity has been well documented. Therefore, the knowledge of imaging findings regarding morphological and adaptive characteristics of the small bowel is extremely relevant in the multidisciplinary approach to short bowel syndrome.
Genetic Analysis of the Transition from Wild to Domesticated Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

The evolution and domestication of cotton is of great interest from both economic and evolutionary standpoints. Although many genetic and genomic resources have been generated for cotton, the genetic underpinnings of the transition from wild to domesticated cotton remain poorly known. Here we generated an intraspecific QTL mapping population specifically targeting domesticated cotton phenotypes. We used 466 F2 individuals derived from an intraspecific cross between the wild Gossypium hirsutum var. yucatanense (TX2094) and the elite cultivar G. hirsutum cv. Acala Maxxa, in two environments, to identify 120 QTL associated with phenotypic changes under domestication. While the number of QTL recovered in each subpopulation was similar, only 22 QTL were considered coincident (i.e., shared) between the two locations, eight of which shared peak markers. Although approximately half of QTL were located in the A-subgenome, many key fiber QTL were detected in the D-subgenome, which was derived from a species with unspinnable fiber. We found that many QTL are environment-specific, with few shared between the two environments, indicating that QTL associated with G. hirsutum domestication are genomically clustered but environmentally labile. Possible candidate genes were recovered and are discussed in the context of the phenotype. We conclude that the evolutionary forces that shape intraspecific divergence and domestication in cotton are complex, and that phenotypic transformations likely involved multiple interacting and environmentally responsive factors.
Metabolic Alterations in Inherited Cardiomyopathies

The normal function of the heart relies on a series of complex metabolic processes orchestrating the proper generation and use of energy. In this context, mitochondria serve a crucial role as a platform for energy transduction by supplying ATP to the varying demand of cardiomyocytes, involving an intricate network of pathways regulating the metabolic flux of substrates. The failure of these processes results in structural and functional deficiencies of the cardiac muscle, including inherited cardiomyopathies. These genetic diseases are characterized by cardiac structural and functional anomalies in the absence of abnormal conditions that can explain the observed myocardial abnormality, and are frequently associated with heart failure. Since their original description, major advances have been achieved in the genetic and phenotype knowledge, highlighting the involvement of metabolic abnormalities in their pathogenesis. This review provides a brief overview of the role of mitochondria in the energy metabolism in the heart and focuses on metabolic abnormalities, mitochondrial dysfunction, and storage diseases associated with inherited cardiomyopathies.
3-Substituted 1-Naphthamidomethyl-C-galactosyls Interact with Two Unique Sub-Sites for High-Affinity and High-Selectivity Inhibition of Galectin-3

The galectins are a family of galactose-binding proteins playing key roles in inflammatory processes and cancer. However, they are structurally very closely related, and discovery of highly selective inhibitors is challenging. In this work, we report the design of novel inhibitors binding to a subsite unique to galectin-3, which confers both high selectivity and affinity towards galectin-3. Olefin cross metathesis between allyl β-C-galactopyranosyl and 1-vinylnaphthalenes or acylation of aminomethyl β-C-galactopyranosyl with 1-naphthoic acid derivatives gave C-galactopyranosyls carrying 1-naphthamide structural elements that interacted favorably with a galectin-3 unique subsite according to molecular modeling and X-ray structural analysis of two inhibitor-galectin-3 complexes. Affinities were down to sub-µM and selectivities over galectin-1, 2, 4 N-terminal domain, 4 C-terminal domain, 7, 8 N-terminal domain, 9 N-terminal domain, and 9 C-terminal domain were high. These results show that high affinity and selectivity for a single galectin can be achieved by targeting unique subsites, which holds promise for further development of small and selective galectin inhibitors.
Prediction of Colon Cancer Stages and Survival Period with Machine Learning Approach

The prediction of tumor in the TNM staging (tumor, node, and metastasis) stage of colon cancer using the most influential histopathology parameters and to predict the five years disease-free survival (DFS) period using machine learning (ML) in clinical research have been studied here. From the colorectal cancer (CRC) registry of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan, 4021 patients were selected for the analysis. Various ML algorithms were applied for the tumor stage prediction of the colon cancer by considering the Tumor Aggression Score (TAS) as a prognostic factor. Performances of different ML algorithms were evaluated using five-fold cross-validation, which is an effective way of the model validation. The accuracy achieved by the algorithms taking both cases of standard TNM staging and TNM staging with the Tumor Aggression Score was determined. It was observed that the Random Forest model achieved an F-measure of 0.89, when the Tumor Aggression Score was considered as an attribute along with the standard attributes normally used for the TNM stage prediction. We also found that the Random Forest algorithm outperformed all other algorithms, with an accuracy of approximately 84% and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.82 ± 0.10 for predicting the five years DFS.
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF SPERMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS IN IDIOPATHIC FORMS OF INFERTILITY IN MEN FROM RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED AND CONVENTIONALLY CLEAN REGIONS OF UKRAINE.

OBJECTIVE the compare of men reproductive function with idiopathic infertility on the grounds of spermogram tests from the radioactively contaminated and conventionally clean regions of Ukraine. MATERIALS AND METHODS There are 143 men (group I) with idiopathic infertility in the form of asthenozoospermia of the II degree living in the territories of the Kyiv region were investigated in the Department of Sexual Pathology and Andrology of the SI «Institute of Urology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine» and exposed to ionizing radiation due to the Chornobyl accident in 1986. All individuals in the I group were born from parents who were in the accident at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant in the area of radioactive contamination and perma- nently resided in areas with a high level of radioactivity. The control group was made up of persons born and living in the Ivano-Frankivsk region with a similar with a similar state of health (group II, n = 157). The mean age of the studied group I was (28.3 ± 2.4) years, and persons of the II group were (30.1 ± 2.8) years. Diagnosis of II was per- formed ambulatory in accordance with WHO and Ministry of Health of Ukraine standards. The research was to study and compare spermogram parameters in patients from both groups. RESULTS It has been established that the reproductive problems of men with idiopathic infertility living in radia- tively contaminated areas of the Kyiv region of Ukraine consist in a significant violation of the quality indicators of ejaculate (mobility by the pool A+B is less than 1.6 times, р < 0.05) correlating with modifications of physicochemi- cals (the average time of liquefaction is 1.4 times greater, р < 0.05) and biochemical (decrease of levels of fructose by 2.2 times, citrate - by 1.6 times, р < 0.001-0.05) investigation. CONCLUSIONS The study found that the level of general indicators of spermogram is significantly worse in the regions of Ukraine who were exposed to radioactive contamination due to the Chornobyl accident, in contrast to the indicators of persons from conventionally clean regions.
Volatile Fatty Acids Production from Microalgae Biomass: Anaerobic Digester Performance and Population Dynamics during Stable Conditions, Starvation, and Process Recovery

Disturbances in anaerobic digestion (AD) negatively impact the overall reactor performance. These adverse effects have been widely investigated for methane generation. However, AD recently appeared as a potential technology to obtain volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and thus, the impact of process disturbances must be evaluated. In this sense, microbial response towards a starvation period of two weeks was investigated resulting in a conversion of organic matter into VFAs of 0.39 ± 0.03 COD-VFAs/CODin. However, the lack of feeding reduced the yield to 0.30 ± 0.02 COD-VFAs/CODin. Microbial analysis revealed that the starvation period favored the syntrophic acetate-oxidizing bacteria coupled with hydrogenotrophic methanogens. Finally, the system was fed at 9 g COD/Ld resulting in process recovery (0.39 ± 0.04 COD-VFAs/CODin). The different microbiome obtained at the end of the process was proved to be functionally redundant, highlighting the AD robustness for VFAs production.
Analysis of Theileria equi diversity in The Gambia using a novel genotyping method.

Theileria equi, one of the primary pathogens causing equine piroplasmosis, has previously been sub-classified into a number of clades on the basis of 18S SSU rRNA gene sequence diversity. This partitioning of the parasite population has potential implications for host immunity, treatment and vaccine development. To detect and identify different clade genotypes among and within individual equine blood samples, a novel PCR based technique was designed and optimised. Theileria equi has only recently been described in The Gambia, and the developed genotyping technique was used to analyse blood samples taken from 42 piroplasmosis-positive horses and donkeys within the country. Three different T. equi genotypes were detected within the population, including the same genotype as the recently described Theileria haneyi, with 61.9% of individuals found to be infected with more than one genotype. Overall, there was a trend that males were more likely to have a multiple genotype infection. Thus, the novel genotyping technique has been shown to be effective in analysis of field populations, and offers researchers a rapid method of identifying multiple T. equi genotypes both within individuals and equine populations in epidemiological studies.
Vascular Landmark-Based Method for Highly Reproducible Measurement of Left Atrial Appendage Volume in Computed Tomography.

BACKGROUND Modern computed tomographic scanning can produce 4-dimensional images of the left atrial appendage (LAA). LAA function and morphology can then be measured, to plan interventions such as occlusion and to evaluate LAA flow for thrombogenic risk analysis. A current problem here is defining a reproducible boundary between the LAA and the left atrium. METHODS This study used retrospectively gated 4-dimensional computed tomographic data from 25 implantation and coronary artery imaging patients. In each patient, the LAA ostium was defined at multiple time points during the RR interval. To examine the reproducibility of the definition of the LAA ostium, 3 observers analyzed all time frames in each patient 3 times. Five nonconsecutive time frames from each patient were then compared using intraclass correlation coefficients to quantify the precision of the method across patients. The correlation of LAA volumes for each time frame of each patient was determined across the different observers (interobserver) and within each observer's own data sets (intraobserver). RESULTS The method was successful in 92% of patients. Two-way random-effect, absolute-agreement, single-measurement intraclass correlation coefficients for interobserver measurements were 0.984, 0.990, and 0.988, with intraobserver intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.989, 0.989, and 0.995. The intraclass correlation coefficient of all observations was 0.988. CONCLUSIONS Classification of the LAA ostium using a stepwise procedure identifying the coumadin ridge and 2 vascular landmarks in ECG-gated computed tomography provides a viable method of establishing a highly reproducible boundary between the atrium and LAA needed to obtain LAA metrics useful for procedure planning and measuring LAA function.
An Uneven Playing Field: Athlete Injury, Illness, Load, and Daily Training Environment in the Year Before the FINA (Aquatics) World Championships, 2017

Objective: To assess athlete's training environment and health problems before the FINA World Championships (WC) (2017) and to analyze the differences between the 6 disciplines, gender, and countries with different medal rankings during the championships. Design: Retrospective anonymous questionnaire. Setting: FINA WC 2017. Participants: Registered aquatic athletes (swimmers, divers, high divers, water polo players, artistic swimmers, open water swimmers). Main Outcome Measures: The outcome measures included the following: training and competition load, availability of support staff, performance of injury prevention exercises, and prevalence of health problems. The independent variables included gender, aquatic discipline, and country group based on medal ranking. Results: In the 12 months preceding the Championships, 67% of the athletes reported physical complaints and 41% trained or competed with a diagnosed injury. Only half of the athletes reported that injury prevention exercises were always (29.9%) or often (23.4%) a regular part of their daily training. In the daily training environment, support staff (excluding coach) was not available or available only if the athlete pays in 28.4% (specialized trainer) to 58.9% (sport scientist) of cases. About one-quarter of the athletes rated the support offered by their National Team program as poor or very poor. There were discrepancies in training loads and support staff among the 6 aquatic disciplines. Availability of support staff, athlete's satisfaction with their training environment/support, and regular use of injury prevention exercises were higher in countries that ranked higher in the medal list. Conclusions: Injury prevention strategies should be promoted in aquatic sports, with prospective surveillance for the early identification of physical complaints. The facilitation of access to sport-specific experts could improve athlete's health and performance, especially in countries with low medal ranking.