Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DETERMINATION OF BARIUM IN SEA WATER BY GRAPHITE FURNACE ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY AFTER PRECONCENTRATION AND SEPARATION BY SOLVENT EXTRACTION

The determination of barium at a trace level by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was described. The reproducibility was improved to 3.6 % by the use of pyrolytic graphite coated furnaces. Moreover, the preconcentration and separation of barium from sea water by solvent extraction were investigated and applied to the determination of barium in sea water by the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Barium was quantitatively separated and concentrated from interfering elements in sea water by the use of a mixture of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoylpyrazol-5-one and tri-n-octylphosphine oxide as extractants, and the mean value of the recovery was 98.6 %. Barium in the Pacific Ocean surface water was determined and 5.6 μg dm -3 was found.
Social interaction processes and personality

Social interactions are one of the most relevant contexts of our lives and they are intimately connected to the conceptualization, dynamics, development, and consequences of personality. In this chapter, I will first analyze the way social interactions unfold via interaction states of all interaction partners and describe how people differ in social interaction processes. Following the PERSOC model, I will argue that these individual differences are a key window to understanding the nature of some of the most popular personality traits (e.g., extraversion, dominance, shyness, agreeableness, narcissism), as well as their effects on and development in social relationships. Empirical research on individual differences in interaction state levels, contingencies, and fluctuations is summarized. In closing, I describe a couple of current limitations, and outline perspectives for understanding and assessing personality traits as dynamic social interaction systems.
Multi-verse optimizer based Fuzzy-PI controller for robust frequency regulation in thermal-hydro power system

This study presents a frequency regulation scheme using a fuzzy-based proportional-integral (FUZZY-PI) controller for two areas non-reheat thermal-hydro power system. Optimal tuning of controller parameters is achieved through a newly established metaheuristic algorithm called Multi-Verse Optimizer (MVO) algorithm. The superiority of the proposed controller has been proven by comparing it with recently published control approaches. The different figure of merits is used to evaluate the performance of the offered controller. The attained results confirm the effectiveness of the designed controller for studied power systems.
Effect of Different Irrigation Patterns and Covering Methods on Soil Temperature of Onions Under Membrane Drip Irrigation

In order to investigate the influence of the soil temperature of onions in the West Hebei Oasis, this paper tested the soil temperature of onions in the Oasis by using the early golden dragon onion as a test material and randomly grouped it into different irrigation modes and cover methods. There were five treatments in the experiment, and the soil temperature of onion was measured in each reproductive period, and the results showed that: The most significant changes in soil temperature were found in the 5 cm soil layer, where the soil temperature was more affected by external influences, and in the 10 and 20 cm soil layers, where the soil temperature was less affected by external influences. The difference in soil temperature was not significant between full irrigation and regulated deficit irrigation. The soil temperature in the black mulch layer was higher than that in the transparent mulch layer and fine sand mulch layer at the seedling and leaf development stages, while the soil temperature in the black mulch layer was higher than that in the transparent mulch layer and fine sand layer at the bulb expansion and maturity stages.The soil temperature of the onion can be best controlled by irrigation while covering the onion with black mulch throughout the growing season, which is of great significance for onion cultivation in the Hexi Irrigation Zone.
Room temperature, air crystallized perovskite film for high performance solar cells

For the first time, room temperature heating free growth and crystallization of perovskite films in ambient air without the use of thermal annealing is reported. Highly efficient perovskite nanorod-based solar cells were made using ITO/PEDOT:PSS/CH3NH3PbI3 nanorods/PC60BM/rhodamine/Ag. All the layers except PEDOT:PSS were processed at room temperature thereby eliminating the need for thermal treatment. Perovskite films were spin coated inside a N2 filled glovebox and immediately were taken outside in air having 40% relative humidity (RH). Exposure to humid air was observed to promote the crystallization process in perovskite films even at room temperature. Perovskite films kept for 5 hours in ambient air showed nanorod-like morphology having high crystallinity, with devices exhibiting the highest PCE of 16.83%, which is much higher than the PCE of 11.94% for traditional thermally annealed perovskite film based devices. It was concluded that moisture plays an important role in room temperature crystallization of pure perovskite nanorods, showing improved optical and charge transport properties, which resulted in high performance solar cells.
Two Step and Direct Fermentation in the Production of Ethanol from Starch: A Short Review

Abstract. Ethanol as a renewable fuel has been widely produced in various countries. One source of raw material for producing ethanol is starch. The process of producing ethanol from starch needs to be pretreated so that starch molecules can split into smaller ones. However, this process requires pre-treatment which will expensive more than ethanol from sugar. There are two types of pretreatment i.e. two-step ethanol production and direct fermentation. There is two kind of hydrolysis, acid hydrolysis, and enzymatic hydrolysis. Two-step ethanol production is a conventional method that separates pretreatment and fermentation process, while direct fermentation is the direct production of starch into ethanol using recombinant yeast that co-produces enzymes such as amylose and glucoamylase. Two-step ethanol production has the advantage of high yield but needs high cost whereas, direct fermentation has the advantage of low-cost production but needs longer time. Common starch to ethanol production consists of two stages, namely hydrolysis of raw materials into glucose and fermentation into ethanol. Both of these processes can be run on average at temperatures of 30-80 o C with a pH range of 4-6 and varying time intervals. The enzyme used depends on the source of the starch, but the most commonly used is Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Keywords : Ethanol, starch, pre-treatment
The concordance between colposcopic biopsy and loop electrosurgical excision procedures in patients with known smear cytology and human papillomavirus results

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the concordance between colposcopic biopsy and loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) methods to diagnose cervical pre-invasive lesions and cervical cancer, and to calculate the low and high prediction rates of lesions for both methods. Methods: A total of 241 patients who underwent LEEP after colposcopic biopsy for different indications and also known cervical cytology and human papillomavirus test results were included in the study. Clinical variables such as age, gravida, parity, menopausal status, smoking, endocervical curettage results, and surgical margins were recorded. Results: The total concordance between colposcopic biopsy and LEEP was 41.9%. The rates of finding a more serious lesion than in colposcopic biopsy with LEEP (underestimation) for negative, Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) 1, CIN 2, and CIN 3 were calculated as 100%, 12.8%, 14.8%, and 3.9%, respectively. Rates of finding a less serious lesion than detected in colposcopic biopsy with LEEP (overestimation) for CIN 1, CIN 2, and CIN 3, cervical carcinoma were calculated as 56.4%, 33.3%, 3.9%, and 0%, respectively. Underestimation was seen in a total of 28 patients, and overestimation was present in 113 patients. Parity was found to be the only associated factor that affected the final diagnosis for high-grade lesions in univariate logistic regression analysis (odds ratio=1.234, 95% confidence interval: 1.005–1.514). Conclusion: Discrepancies between colposcopically directed punch biopsy and subsequent histopathologic LEEP findings are common. New methods to reduce the inconsistency between colposcopic biopsy and LEEP are necessary to prevent patients from being under or over treated.
Alleviating Drug Shortages: The Role of Mandated Reporting Induced Operational Transparency

The ongoing shortage of pharmaceutical drugs critically threatens public health. With increasing industry consolidation, operational disruptions at a firm can lead to a nationwide shortage of life-saving drugs. In 2012, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration mandated all manufacturers to report any manufacturing interruption that can potentially cause shortages. The goal of the mandate was to mitigate drug shortages by enhancing operational transparency in the pharmaceutical industry. Subsequently, other countries such as Canada have also begun mandating reporting of interruptions to alleviate drug shortages. We leverage the policy changes in the United States and Canada to understand the impact of mandated reporting induced operational transparency on alleviating the extent of drug shortages. Using the data on time-to-recovery for individual drug-shortage incident and annual-days-of-shortage for each drug, we find that the new policy alleviates drug shortages, but its effectiveness is contingent upon the prevailing level of competition in the product category. Although the intervention is not as impactful under a monopoly, the mandate is most effective under a duopoly, and its impact wanes as competition intensifies. In the absence of the mandate-induced transparency, competition does not necessarily alleviate shortages, but with the regulation, competition can relieve drug shortages. Our results potentially offer healthcare providers and policymakers the impetus to alleviate drug shortages by mandating interruption reporting and improving operational transparency. This paper was accepted by Charles Corbett, operations management.
Application Domains, Evaluation Data Sets, and Research Challenges of IoT: A Systematic Review

We are at the brink of Internet of Things (IoT) era where smart devices and other wireless devices are redesigning our environment to make it more correlative, flexible, and communicative. IoT is now evolving to Internet of Everything, as it incorporates and builds a system that includes wireless networks, sensors, cloud servers, analytics, smart devices, and advanced technologies. The IoT systems are equipped with embedded devices having network connectivity and sensors to have a machine-to-machine interaction. The field of IoT is advancing to provide smart solutions to various applications, such as transportation, healthcare, farming, to name a few. Considering the diverse perspective of IoT systems/network, this article aims at discussing different applications of IoT across various research domains and to highlight the use of IoT in a variety of applications. We have systematically reviewed applications of IoT with the data sets to understand the characteristics of the data collected by the IoT devices. In this article, a comprehensive survey on the role of IoT in various application domains is presented for the years 2015–2019. This article lists different commercialized solutions developed in various IoT application domains. The aim to discuss commercialized IoT paradigms is to highlight research efforts performed in the field of IoT that have been transformed into real-life solutions. This article also discusses research challenges in the field of IoT to strengthen the research for developing future IoT applications.
Coltivazione della lavanda nell’appennino emiliano-romagnolo: metodologia e primi risultati di un’indagine esplorativa

L’elaborato presenta i presupposti empirici e le fasi di avvio di una ricerca sul campo volta a studiare il fenomeno della coltivazione di lavanda da parte di piccoli imprenditori agricoli locati sulle aree montane dell’Appennino emiliano-romagnolo, con un focus specifico sulla provincia di Modena e di Bologna. Il contributo, di stampo esplorativo, tratteggia quindi il quadro di riferimento e propone una prima analisi di contesto, mappando la realtà dei produttori agricoli delle zone montane e collinari indicate, esplorando le metodologie colturali impiegate, le varietà di lavanda coltivate e gli utilizzi, sia della pianta fresca, che in termini di produzione di semilavorati (olio essenziale, essiccati), i canali di vendita e le modalità di approccio al mercato. Obbiettivo finale del progetto è quello di evidenziare criticità e punti di forza della produzione di lavanda in Appennino. JEL codes: O13, M20, P25
Are You Still Working on This? An Empirical Study on Pull Request Abandonment

The great success of numerous community-based open source software (OSS) is based on volunteers continuously submitting contributions, but ensuring sustainability is a persistent challenge in OSS communities. Although the motivations behind and barriers to OSS contributors’ joining and retention have been extensively studied, the impacts of, reasons for and solutions to contribution abandonment at the individual level have not been well studied, especially for pull-based development. To bridge this gap, we present an empirical study on pull request abandonment based on a sizable dataset. We manually examine 321 abandoned pull requests on GitHub and then quantify the manual observations by surveying 710 OSS developers. We find that while the lack of integrators’ responsiveness and the lack of contributors’ time and interest remain the main reasons that deter contributors from participation, limitations during the processes of patch updating and consensus reaching can also cause abandonment. We also show the significant impacts of pull request abandonment on project management and maintenance. Moreover, we elucidate the strategies used by project integrators to cope with abandoned pull requests and highlight the need for a practical handover mechanism. We discuss the actionable suggestions and implications for OSS practitioners and tool builders, which can help to upgrade the infrastructure and optimize the mechanisms of OSS communities.
Structure and Dynamics of Fluorophosphate Na-Ion Battery Cathodes

Fluorophosphate cathodes with the chemical formula NaxV2(PO4)2O2yF3–2y (0 ≤ x ≤ 4, 0 ≤ y ≤ 1) are some of the few known sodium-ion cathode materials with the potential to be competitive with conventional lithium-ion cathodes. However, the experimentally accessible performance of the fluorophosphates remains limited, primarily due to the fact that only half of the theoretical capacity has been reversibly cycled. In this article, we review the extensive body of literature on the fluorophosphate class of sodium-ion cathodes and, in combination with our own ab initio model of the material, investigate the mechanisms underlying the sodium-extraction limitations in the NaxV2(PO4)2F3 (y = 0) fluorophosphate. Specifically, we focus on the potential to reversibly extract sodium beyond the 1 ≤ x ≤ 3 range. We find that this limitation arises from a combination of the high voltage of the V4+/5+ oxidation reaction associated with sodium extraction in the 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 region and a precipitous drop in sodium diffusivity n.
Antibiotic versus no antibiotic approach in the management of lumpy skin disease (LSD) in cattle

Antibiotics do not show effect on infections of solely viral origin. Lumpy Skin Disease is a viral disease where antibiotics are not clinically indicated. Due to monetary worth of high producing animals, Veterinarians are resorting to use antibiotics in LSD as a preventive measure against secondary bacterial infections. Eighteen animals with lumps on the skin were selected and randomly distributed into 3 groups of 6 animals each. Two groups were treated with commonly used broad-spectrum antibiotics and the third group was treated with Neem oil topically over the lesions and were offered fresh Neem leaves smoke. As a result, Lumpy skin disease was treated economically without the inclusion of antibiotics where Neem oil and fresh neem leaves smoke guarded the animals from the risk of secondary bacterial infection. This approach eliminates the risk of antimicrobial resistance, minimises the cost of treatment, and eliminates antibiotic induced undesirable depopulation of rumen microflora.
A Multi-Spectral Approach to Fuzzy Quantum Modelling of Nonlinear Systems

In this work, we explore multi-input multi-output (MIMO) nonlinear control systems design by generalizing concepts from radio link analysis. We demonstrate practical applications of multidimensional sampling and reconstruction to reducing computational overhead in nonlinear systems analysis. Using multi-spectral analysis, we show that (de)fuzzification in control systems and (de)modulation in communication systems are analogous. Finally, we explore the values of fuzzy submodels as quantum mechanics objects for stability analysis and feedback controller synthesis of nonlinear mechanical systems. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is confirmed by simulating the attitude model a telecommunications satellite.
Farmers Knowledge on Pesticide Safety Management in Ponorogo

Agricultural activities in PonorogoDistrict are one of the largest contributors to the economy. However, agricultural activities related to pesticide use need attention. Based on the previous research, there were 36.7% of farmers in one of the villages in Ponorogo District were at a very high risk of pesticide contamination. This study aims at analyzing farmers' knowledge of pesticide safety management. This descriptive study involved 57 farmers in village X in Ponorogo. The used instrument was a questionnaire to find out the level of knowledge of farmers. The researchers also conducted semi-structured interviews to know pesticide usage more objectively. The data showed that 95% of farmers had poor knowledge about pesticide safety management; this was reinforced by the analysis result of every question item which describes that the habit on personal equipment and personal hygiene was still poor. There were only 5,26% of the farmers who had a good level of knowledge about pesticide safety management. The Pesticide is handled based on habits instead due to the lack of supervision, technical skills and personal protective equipment. Thus, the effectiveness of the application of pesticide safety management needs assistance from the relevant stakeholders for the building of knowledge, skills, and provision of facilities.
Elisitasi Kebutuhan Menggunakan User Persona Untuk Memenuhi Ekspektasi Pengguna iLab

Pengembangan perangkat lunak dituntut untuk semakin berkembang seiring berjalannya waktu. Tentunya mulai banyak bermunculan teknik-teknik untuk melakukan pengembangan tersebut. Salah satunya adalah teknik persona yang dapat diterapkan pada fase penggalian kebutuhan. Teknik persona ini dapat digunakan untuk lebih mengenal pengguna yang terlibat dalam permasalahan yang akan dilakukan pengembangannya. Teknik ini pertama kali digunakan oleh Cooper untuk melakukan elisitasi kebutuhan. Beberapa penelitian terdahulu telah membahas tentang penggunaan metode-metode untuk menggali suatu user persona. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik persona Cooper yang telah diubah oleh Acuna menjadi Teknik persona HCI, namun diberi sedikit modifikasi pada aspek validasi yang diubah menjadi model iteratif sehingga setiap fase dapat divalidasi oleh pengguna. Modifikasi ini perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan keakuratan validasi karena teknik persona HCI Acuna hanya memiliki satu tahap validasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sebuah dokumen user persona yang harapannya dapat memberikan informasi yang akurat mengenai kebutuhan sistem dari perspektif berbagai pengguna yang bersangkutan berkaitan dengan permasalahan yang ingin dikembangkan.
Long‐term development of organic carbon contents in arable soil of North Rhine–Westphalia, Germany, 1979–2015

Europe currently faces a decline in soil organic carbon (SOC) content under arable cropping irrespective of improved management practices. In this study we used more than 32 000 SOC data from the entire North Rhine–Westphalia (NRW) area to elucidate the temporal development and current state of SOC content in arable soil from 1979 to 2015 and, in addition, to identify potential causal factors of changes in SOC content. The dataset comprised 7401 data points for 1979–2003 from FIS StoBo, the branched information system on soil contamination in NRW, and 24 930 data points for 2007–2015 from the Agricultural Investigation and Research Institute NRW (LUFA NRW); all data considered refer to soil sampled at 0–30 cm. We found that topsoil carbon contents in arable soil increased over the entire NRW area during the 1980s (from 1.87% in 1979 to 2.82% in 1987), and that this increase was followed by an exponential decrease from 1988 to 2015 (1.42% SOC in 2015) without a new equilibrium being reached. Livestock‐poor regions showed a more rapid gain and a more rapid loss of SOC contents than regions with large livestock densities. The data correlated with changes in grassland area, which was reduced in NRW by about 360 000 ha mainly between 1970 and 1990; that is, recently ploughed grassland probably contributed to increasing averages of SOC contents in arable land during this period, but not thereafter. We conclude that past changes in land use controlled the evolution in SOC from 1979 to 2015, and there is little opportunity for changed management practices to prevent ongoing loss of SOC from the topsoil.
Pyrene availability as determined by the interactions of natural organic matter with the soil mineral matrix

DENISE MARIE BROWN: Pyrene Availability as Determined by the Interactions of Natural Organic Matter with the Soil Mineral Matrix. (Under the direction of Professor Frederic K. Pfaender) Soil organic matter (SOM), especially humic substances and biological material, profoundly affect polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) movement, toxicity, and degradation when assessing acceptable end points for in situ remediation practices. The complex, interdependent relationship between soil chemical and physical attributes makes determining absolute PAH fate, transport, and availability a formidable task. This research attempted to correlate the impact known SOM components have on pyrene sorption as related to sorbent loading and type and mineral phase aggregation. The objective was achieved by generating a synthetic soil, composed of mineral matter, humic acid (HA), and peptidoglycan (PG), and comparing this matrix to freshly contaminated and aged natural soils, using pyrene as the representative hydrophobic organic contaminant. In contrast to HA, a larger concentration of PG sorbed to both mineral phases (hematite and montmorillonite clay); thus, promoting further particle aggregation, and effectually resulting in greater pyrene sorption as evidenced by HPLC and fluorescence microscopy. The greater the concentration and number of constituents introduced into the synthetic matrix, culminating in a HA+PG mixture loaded onto clay, the greater the resulting pyrene sorption and similarity to spiked natural soils, both in chemical and physical attributes. The final result was a compiled fluorescence map visually detailing pyrene