Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EBV infection is linked to a fatal B-cell proliferation in young males with X-linked lymphoproliferative disease , posttransplant lymphomas , immunoblastic lymphomas in AIDS patients

Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a vascular tumor that was brought to the attention of the medical community over a century ago in a fascinating case series in which purple-coloured nodular skin lesions were observed on five elderly men, with widespread cutaneous and visceral involvement reported in one patient at autopsy (Kaposi, 1872 as cited in Ober, 1988). This ‘Classic’ variant of KS is rare and the majority of cases are found in elderly Mediterranean men and Jewish people born in Eastern Europe (Rothman, 1962). Large-scale epidemiological studies have highlighted three other variants of KS; ‘African’ or ‘Endemic’ KS in young black adults and children in equatorial Africa (Davies and Lothe, 1962; Oettle, 1962); ‘Iatrogenic’ or ‘Posttransplant’ KS in patients who have previously received immunosuppressive therapy or in those who are organ transplant recipients (Klepp et al., 1978; Harwood et al., 1979; Penn, 1979); and ‘AIDS(-related)’ or ‘Epidemic’ KS, first noted in immunocompromised homosexual men from New York and California (Friedman-Kien et al., 1981). All four forms of KS have a predilection for males and the male:female ratio ranges from 2.3:1 in Iatrogenic KS to 106:1 in Epidemic KS and the clinical course of Epidemic/AIDS-KS is more aggressive (Friedman-Kien and Saltzman, 1990). The strikingly unusual pattern of KS distribution begs the question as to what features, if any, are common to the four epidemiological variants of KS.
The Multilingual Entity Task (MET) Overview

In November, 1996, the Message Understanding Conference-6 (MUC-6) evaluation of named entity identification demonstrated that systems are approaching human performance on English language texts [10]. Informal and anonymous, the MET provided a new opportunity to assess progress on the same task in Spanish, Japanese, and Chinese. Preliminary results indicate that MET systems in all three languages performed comparably to those of the MUC-6 evaluation in English.
Acetabular deepening in the treatment of severe canine hip dysplasia

A technique to restore acetabular anatomy by deepening the acetabular cavity and reconstructing the femoral head ligament and the joint capsule was tested on nine large breed dogs with severe hip dysplasia and acute subdislocation or dislocation. The technique consisted of two phases. First, all dogs were submitted to bilateral pectinotomy. In a second surgical intervention on the same dogs the acetabulum was approached and deepened, and the femoral head ligament and the joint capsule were reconstructed. In general, within 30 days of the surgery dogs could stand on the operated member to walk. Except for two dogs, all the others recovered pelvic member locomotive ability within 60-90 days after surgery. It is concluded that acetabuloplasty is a good alternative for treatment of severe canine hip dysplasia.
HIGH AFFINITY TRANSPORT OF CHOLINE INTO SYNAPTOSOMES OF RAT BRAIN 1

—The accumulation of [3H]choline into synaptosome‐enriched homogenates of rat corpus striatum, cerebral cortex and cerebellum was studied at [3H]choline concentrations varying from 0.5 to 100 μm. The accumulation of [3H]choline in these brain regions was saturable. Kinetic analysis of the accumulation of the radiolabel was performed by double‐reciprocal plots and by least squares iterative fitting of a substrate‐velocity curve to the data. With both of these techniques, the data were best satisfied by two transport components, a high affinity uptake system with Km. values of 1.4 μM (corpus striatum), and 3.1 μM (ceμ(cerebral cortex) and a low affinity uptake system with respective Km. values of 93 and 33 μM for these two brain regions. In the cerebellum choline was accumulated only by the low affinity system. When striatal homogenates were fractionated further into synaptosomes and mitochondria and incubated with varying concentrations of [3H]choline, the high affinity component of choline uptake was localized to the synaptosomal fraction. The high affinity uptake system required sodium, was sensitive to various metabolic inhibitors and was associated with considerable formation of [3H]acetylcholine. The low affinity uptake system was much less dependent on sodium, and was not associated with a marked degree of [3H]acetylcholine formation. Hemicholinium‐3 and acetylcholine were potent inhibitors of the high affinity uptake system. A variety of evidence suggests that the high affinity transport represents a selective accumulation of choline by cholinergic neurons, while the low affinity uptake system has some less specific function.
High sensitivity fluorescence detection using smart phone cameras

A low cost and highly sensitive fluorescence detection system using smart phone cameras was developed for biological and biochemical detection experiments. The system was designed for standard 96-well plates, which are typically used in life-sciences laboratories. Traditional fluorescence detection is done using specialized optics, filters and ultra-sensitive detectors such as photo-multipliers, which makes the system expensive. In our method, the 96-well plate is imaged using a smart phone camera inside a light tight enclosure. No specialized filters are used for the imaging. The image is then analysed using an algorithm, developed by us, that separates out the Red-Green-Blue (RGB) component. The Green component is then further processed to extract the fluorescence intensity. The developed hardware system and the algorithm were tested using two types of samples, fluorescein and Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) incorporated yeast cells, prepared in varied concentrations. The performance of the developed system was compared with measurements taken using a PerkinElmer VICTOR™ X5, 2030 Multilabel Reader. Our system is capable of reliably detecting 1 nM concentrations of fluorescein. We believe the system can be improved further to detect even lower concentrations.
Sex‐specific effects of estrogen and androgen on gene expression in human monocyte‐derived osteoclasts

Estrogen and androgen are both critical for the maintenance of bone, but the target cells, mechanisms, and responses could be sex‐specific. To compare sex‐specific actions of estrogen and androgen on osteoclasts, human peripheral blood mononuclear precursor cells from adult Caucasian males (n = 3) and females (n = 3) were differentiated into osteoclasts and then treated for 24 h with 17β‐estradiol (10 nM) or testosterone (10 nM). Gene expression was studied with a custom designed qPCR‐based array containing 94 target genes related to bone and hormone action. In untreated osteoclasts, 4 genes showed significant gender differences. 17β‐estradiol significantly affected 12 genes in osteoclasts from females and 6 genes in osteoclasts from males. Fifteen of the 18 17β‐estradiol‐responsive genes were different in the cells from the two sexes; 2 genes affected by 17β‐estradiol in both sexes were regulated oppositely in the two sexes. Testosterone significantly affected 6 genes in osteoclasts from females and 2 genes in osteoclasts from males; all except one were different in the two sexes. 17β‐estradiol and testosterone largely affected different genes, suggesting that conversion of testosterone to 17β‐estradiol had a limited role in the responses. The findings indicate that although osteoclasts from both sexes respond to 17β‐estradiol and testosterone, the effects of both 17β‐estradiol and testosterone differ in the two sexes, highlighting the importance of considering gender in the design of therapy. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 3714–3721, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electrocardiographic interpretation in athletes: the ‘Seattle Criteria’

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the leading cause of death in athletes during sport. Whether obtained for screening or diagnostic purposes, an ECG increases the ability to detect underlying cardiovascular conditions that may increase the risk for SCD. In most countries, there is a shortage of physician expertise in the interpretation of an athlete's ECG. A critical need exists for physician education in modern ECG interpretation that distinguishes normal physiological adaptations in athletes from abnormal findings suggestive of pathology. On 13–14 February 2012, an international group of experts in sports cardiology and sports medicine convened in Seattle, Washington, to define contemporary standards for ECG interpretation in athletes. The objective of the meeting was to develop a comprehensive training resource to help physicians distinguish normal ECG alterations in athletes from abnormal ECG findings that require additional evaluation for conditions associated with SCD.
On Providing Integrity for Dynamic Data Based on the Third-party Verifier in Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing has been envisioned as the next-generation architecture of IT Enterprise. More and more users store data in "clouds". As such, it has become crucial for an archive service to be capable of providing evidence to demonstrate the integrity of data for which it is responsible. This work studies the problem of ensuring the integrity of data storage in Cloud Computing. In our work, we consider the task of allowing a third party verifier (TPV), on behalf of the cloud client, to verify the integrity of the dynamic data stored in the cloud. In particular, to achieve efficient data dynamics, we improve the Proof of Retrievability model by manipulating the classic Merkle Hash Tree (MHT) construction for block tag authentication. Extensive performance analysis show that the proposed scheme is highly efficient.
Gβγ Pathways in Cell Polarity and Migration Linked to Oncogenic GPCR Signaling: Potential Relevance in Tumor Microenvironment

Cancer cells and stroma cells in tumors secrete chemotactic agonists that exacerbate invasive behavior, promote tumor-induced angiogenesis, and recruit protumoral bone marrow–derived cells. In response to shallow gradients of chemotactic stimuli recognized by G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), Gβγ-dependent signaling cascades contribute to specifying the spatiotemporal assembly of cytoskeletal structures that can dynamically alter cell morphology. This sophisticated process is intrinsically linked to the activation of Rho GTPases and their cytoskeletal-remodeling effectors. Thus, Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors, the activators of these molecular switches, and their upstream signaling partners are considered participants of tumor progression. Specifically, phosphoinositide-3 kinases (class I PI3Ks, β and γ) and P-Rex1, a Rac-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor, are fundamental Gβγ effectors in the pathways controlling directionally persistent motility. In addition, GPCR-dependent chemotactic responses often involve endosomal trafficking of signaling proteins; coincidently, endosomes serve as signaling platforms for Gβγ. In preclinical murine models of cancer, inhibition of Gβγ attenuates tumor growth, whereas in cancer patients, aberrant overexpression of chemotactic Gβγ effectors and recently identified mutations in Gβ correlate with poor clinical outcome. Here we discuss emerging paradigms of Gβγ signaling in cancer, which are essential for chemotactic cell migration and represent novel opportunities to develop pathway-specific pharmacologic treatments.
Geometric structure of Be „ 10 1̄ 0 ...

The structure of clean Be ~101̄0! was determined by low-energy electron-diffraction ~LEED! I (V) analysis and the result compared to first-principles calculations. Both theory and experiment indicate that from the two possible terminations of the truncated bulk, the one with the shorter first-interlayer spacing is realized. The values for the multilayer relaxations obtained by LEED essentially coincide with the theoretical prediction. Although the magnitude of the firstto second-layer relaxation fits well into the trend observed on other simple metal surfaces, the driving force is probably different for beryllium. @S0163-1829 ~96! 02520-9#
Update on linezolid: the first oxazolidinone antibiotic

Linezolid is the first of an entirely new class of antibiotics, the oxazolidinones, in decades. It has a spectrum of activity against virtually all important Gram-positive pathogens. The unique mechanism of action of linezolid makes cross-resistance with other antimicrobial agents unlikely. Linezolid has both intravenous and oral formulations and the latter is 100% bioavailable. Since its first approval and marketing in March 2000 in the US, linezolid has gained approval for use in many other countries for the treatment of community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonia, complicated and uncomplicated skin and soft-tissue infections, and infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci, including cases with concurrent bacteraemia. Several earlier comprehensive reviews summarised the chemistry, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy and safety profile of linezolid. The present review provides an update on the latest data regarding the antimicrobial activity of linezolid versus other commonly used agents, the clinical and health-economic outcomes of linezolid versus vancomycin and teicoplanin, and safety issues.
Real-time 3D Filtering of Ultrasound Datasets

: Ultrasound imaging is used in a variety of medical areas. Although its image quality is inferior to that of CT or MR, it is widely used for its high speed and reasonable cost. However, it is difficult to visualize ultrasound data because the quality of the data might be degraded due to artifact and speckle noise. Therefore, ultrasound data usually requires time-consuming filtering before rendering. We present a real-time 3D filtering method for ultrasound datasets. Since we use a CUDA TM technology for 3D filtering, we can interactively visualize a dataset. As a result, our approach enables interactive volume rendering for ultrasound datasets on a consumer-level PC.
Phenolic profile and free radical-scavenging activity of Cabernet Sauvignon wines of different geographical origins from the Balkan region.

BACKGROUND The phenolic profile, determined by the relative proportions of different phenolic compounds, is characteristic for each grape variety and its corresponding wine. The aim of this study was to determine the phenolic and hydroxycinnamate acid, flavan-3-ol and flavonol contents and free radical-scavenging activity of single-cultivar (Cabernet Sauvignon) wines from selected Balkan vineyard regions by spectrophotometric methods and high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array and fluorescence detection. RESULTS The contents of phenolic compounds varied depending on the agroclimatic factors and oenological practices of the vineyard region. The antioxidant activity of wine samples was estimated by their ability to scavenge the stable 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH). All wines showed high DPPH-scavenging activity (70.03-83.53%, mean 73.76%). Significant correlations between catechin (R(2) = 0.8504) and quercetin (R(2) = 0.8488) concentrations and DPPH-scavenging ability of the wines were found. CONCLUSION The concentrations of the main components catechin and quercetin can be used as biochemical markers for the authentication of red grape cultivars and their corresponding single-cultivar wines.
A novel methodology for hierarchical test generation using functional constraint composition

The increasing functionality of processor designs has posed a severe challenge for generating high quality manufacturing tests, which can be applied at native speeds. A previous approach was to target one module at a time and extract functional constraints on the module under test (MUT) in order to reduce the complexity for test generation. However, when this technique is applied to large designs, the embedded modules themselves become too complex for an ATPG tool to handle. If sub-modules within these complex modules are considered, the extraction of constraints may prove to be too tedious. In this paper, a novel methodology to extract constraints hierarchically is presented. We use synthesis tools to eliminate redundant logic during the constraint extraction process. The proposed methodology also facilitates the reuse of constraints extracted for different sub-modules at a given level of hierarchy. This technique was applied to the ALU unit of the ARM Verilog benchmark design, and the results presented show that this technique makes the constraint extraction process more useful for large designs.
The kidney: both culprit and victim.

Today, it is universally acknowledged that, in hypertension, the kidney is both culprit and victim.1 Kidney malfunction causes hypertension, and hypertension, in turn, aggravates chronic kidney disease (CKD) and accelerates its progression. High blood pressure (frank hypertension and blood pressure values in the high normal range) are clearly correlated to progressive kidney injury, both in experimental2 and in clinical3 observations. All of the current guidelines4,5 recommend lowering of systolic blood pressure to 130 or 125 mm Hg in CKD, and even lower values are recommended if the target level of proteinuria of <1 g per 24 hours has not been achieved.4 There is good evidence of “renoprotection” by lowering blood pressure in patients with renal disease, at least in the presence of proteinuria.3 In CKD patients without proteinuria, eg, autosomal polycystic kidney disease, further renoprotection cannot be achieved by lowering blood pressure below the target blood pressure recommended in patients without CKD6; nevertheless, these patients have a markedly elevated cardiovascular risk, and more stringent lowering of blood pressure is desirable, because, eg, reduction of left ventricular hypertrophy as an index of cardiovascular risk had been documented in such patients.6 The worldwide problem of neglect of hypertension and of insufficient implementation of antihypertensive treatment in CKD patients prompted the International Society of Nephrology and the International Federation of Kidney Foundations to devote this year’s World Kidney Day (http://www.worldkidneyday.org) on March 12th to the issue …
Discovering the truth about tamoxifen: problems of multiplicity in statistical evaluation of biomedical data.

In this issue of the Journal, Rutqvist et al. (7) report on a retrospective analysis of second cancers in women in three adjuvant-treatment breast cancer clinical trials. One unexpected finding is of sufficient statistical weight to warrant further scrutiny: the association of tamoxifen use with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Rutqvist et al. (7) initially noted the association during the course of multiple testing to compare the incidence of numerous second cancers in a group of patients randomly assigned to receive 40 mg per day of tamoxifen versus a control group receiving no tamoxifen. Multiple testing is a widely used and valuable tool for the generation of new hypotheses. However, chance can play a substantial role in these evaluations; consequently, the special features of multiple testing should be considered in the statistical analysis, or the results must be viewed as scientifically interesting but preliminary until tested and confirmed independently. To understand why this is so—and why, statistically speaking, the tamoxifen-colorectal cancer hypothesis warrants further examination—requires some knowledge of hypothesis testing. The traditional statistical significance test is a quantitative method for evaluating the strength of evidence against a specific null hypothesis, in this case the null hypothesis that tamoxifen has no effect on the risk of developing colorectal cancer. A significance level of 5% means that the chance of falsely rejecting the specific null hypothesis is 5%. If we independently test five true null hypotheses, the chance of falsely rejecting at least one of them at the 5% significance level is 1 - (.95) 5 or 22.6%. Consequently, the finding of some statistical significance in the context of performing multiple tests is difficult to interpret.
Smoking influences on the thickness of marginal gingival epithelium.

Smoking patients show reduction of inflammatory clinical signs that might be associated with local vasoconstriction and an increased gingival epithelial thickness. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the thickness of the marginal gingival oral epithelium in smokers and non-smokers, with clinically healthy gingivae or with gingivitis. Twenty biopsies were obtained from four different groups. Group I: non-smokers with clinically healthy gingivae (n = 5). Group II: non-smokers with gingivitis (n = 5). Group III: smokers with clinically healthy gingivae (n = 5). Group IV: smokers with gingivitis (n = 5). These biopsies were histologically processed, serially sectioned at 5 microns, stained with H. E. , and examined by image analysis software (KS400), which was used to perform the morphometric evaluation and the quantification of the major epithelial thickness, the epithelial base thickness and the external and internal epithelial perimeters. Differences between the four groups were analyzed using ANOVA test and Tukey's test. The criteria for statistical significance were accepted at the probability level p < 0.05. A greater epithelial thickness was observed in smokers independent of the gingival health situation.
Anxiety and cerebral excitability; prolongation of seizure latency by anxiety and other factors in patients undergoing electroshock therapy.

I. INTRODUCTION Anxiety is generally regarded as a problem of prime importance for clinical psychiatry. The literature is replete with descriptions of its subjective symptomatology and peripheral physiology, as well as its cultural and philosophical significance. * The fact that anxious patients characteristically show signs of restlessness, sympathetic overactivity, and resistance to sedation has led some authors to assume that anxiety is associated with an increased excitability of brain and thus with an increased susceptibility to seizures. † However, we are not aware of any reports on direct measurements of cortical excitability in anxiety. Therefore, the present study was designed to shed some light on the central physiology of anxiety by measuring variations in seizure threshold in hospitalized psychotic patients undergoing electroshock treatment (E. S. T.). Our own observations, previously reported in brief,14show that human anxiety is associated with an elevation of threshold to electrically induced seizures. Parallel studies on
Feeding and Swallowing Disorders in Esophageal Atresia Patients: A Review of a Critical Issue

Abstract Feeding and swallowing disorders are commonly seen in clinical practice in infants and children treated for esophageal atresia with or without tracheoesophageal fistula. Nevertheless, only few authors have addressed these issues. This review aims to describe the feeding and swallowing disorders encountered, focusing on pathophysiology, normal development of swallowing and feeding abilities, and possible rehabilitation therapies to prevent or correct these disorders.