Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The importance of Accurate Cohesion and Coherence in the Text

This paper outlines a general and practical overview of the importance of cohesion and coherence in the Text. Text linguistic studies and defines cohesion and coherence as crucial elements for the Text. Without these a Text would suffer for continuity and clarity and can not be called a text. In our everyday life people communicate with each other through different ways. In every speech, every communication we take a message which is given through text. What would happen if there is a lack of cohesion and coherence? In this paper we will present some different point of views, definitions and research studies of these terms. Cohesion and coherence will be treated from their role in written text. From the practical point of view different Texts are taken as examples to show their importance of understanding on the part of the reader. Frequently foreign language students may face problems of understanding and decoding a text if it is not clear and lacks the accuracy of cohesion and coherence. A foreign language text may have one element but may miss the other one, for this reason it may loose the concept of communication. Apart from a clear understanding of the differences between these two elements Italian students should be provided with text templates to help them write essays, or different types of written text (argumentative, persuasive, informative est.). The article ends with a conclusion and discussion of the role that cohesion and coherence play in texts and research studies on how to deal with cohesion and coherence in writing.
Factors impact the adherence rate of prophylaxis for deep venous thrombosis in acute ischaemic stroke patients: an analysis of the China National Stroke Registry

Abstract Objectives: Little is known about the clinical practice of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis in patients with acute ischaemic stroke in China. We examined the factors that impact the adherence rate of DVT prophylaxis in stroke patients from the China National Stroke Registry (CNSR). Methods: Records of 12 173 acute ischaemic stroke patients with follow-up admitted to 132 hospitals in CNSR from September 1, 2007 to August 30, 2008 were reviewed. Data from 4643 patients eligible for DVT prophylaxis were analysed. Generalised estimating equations were used to identify the patient's and hospital's factors that impact the practice of DVT prophylaxis. Results: Among 4643 acute ischaemic stroke patients eligible for DVT prophylaxis, the overall adherence rate of DVT prophylaxis was 59·6%. The median hospital prophylaxis rate was 57·8% (inter quartile range: 33·3(70·2%). Venous thromboembolism was found in 1·6% of patients. Factors associated with increased likelihood of practicing DVT prophylaxis in the multivariable model included history of atrial fibrillation (AF) (P = 0·04), receiving rehabilitation evaluation (P < 0·001), receiving care in the East (P < 0.001) or Central (P = 0.001) regions compared to west regions of China. Increasing age (P = 0.014), NIHSS score on admission (P < 0.001), annual stroke discharges (P = 0.001), and the hospital size (P = 0.003) were associated with lower likelihood of DVT prophylaxis. Discussion: The adherence rate of DVT prophylaxis among non-ambulance patients with acute ischaemic stroke was suboptimal in China. It varied among patients by age, stroke severity, and history of AF, and among hospitals by different locations, number of beds and annual stroke discharges.
Raman microspectroscopy detects epigenetic modifications in living Jurkat leukemic cells.

AIMS Classical biochemical and molecular methods for discerning cells with epigenetic modifications are often biologically perturbing or even destructive. We wondered whether the noninvasive laser tweezer Raman spectroscopy technique allowed the discrimination of single living human cells undergoing epigenetic modifications. MATERIALS & METHODS Human Jurkat leukemic cells were treated with inhibitors of histone deacetylases (trichostatin A and MS-275). Epigenetic changes were monitored through histone electrophoresis, nuclear image cytometry and laser tweezer Raman spectroscopy. RESULTS Treatment of Jurkat cells with histone deacetylase inhibitors increased histone acetylation and induced chromatin organization changes. Characteristic vibrations, issued from laser tweezer Raman spectroscopy analyses, mostly assigned to DNA and proteins allowed discerning histone deacetylase inhibitor-treated cells from control with high confidence. Statistical processing of laser tweezer Raman spectroscopy data led to the definition of specific biomolecular fingerprints of each cell group. CONCLUSION This original study shows that laser tweezer Raman spectroscopy is a label-free rapid tool to identify living cells that underwent epigenetic changes.
Confirmation from choline acetylase analyses of a massive cholinergic innervation to the rat hippocampus

1. Unilateral lesions were made in the fimbria of adult rats with a stereotaxically‐applied, radio‐frequency current. After 3‐23 days survival, fresh, unfixed, transverse sections were cut of the forebrain. Half the sections were stained histochemically to show the distribution of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. From the other sections, small, anatomically defined areas were dissected out and assayed for choline acetylase (ChAc) activity (acetyl‐CoA: choline‐O‐acetyltransferase EC2.3.1.6).
Biochemical and Biologic Characterization of Exosomes and Microvesicles as Facilitators of HIV-1 Infection in Macrophages

Exosomes and microvesicles (MV) are cell membranous sacs originating from multivesicular bodies and plasma membranes that facilitate long-distance intercellular communications. Their functional biology, however, remains incompletely understood. Macrophage exosomes and MV isolated by immunoaffinity and sucrose cushion centrifugation were characterized by morphologic, biochemical, and molecular assays. Lipidomic, proteomic, and cell biologic approaches uncovered novel processes by which exosomes and MV facilitate HIV-1 infection and dissemination. HIV-1 was “entrapped” in exosome aggregates. Robust HIV-1 replication followed infection with exosome-enhanced fractions isolated from infected cell supernatants. MV- and exosome-facilitated viral infections are affected by a range of cell surface receptors and adhesion proteins. HIV-1 containing exosomes readily completed its life cycle in human monocyte-derived macrophages but not in CD4− cells. The data support a significant role for exosomes as facilitators of viral infection.
The importance of customer participation for high-contact services: evidence from a real estate agency

The concept of customer participation has emerged as an important factor for the success of service firms. Customers have become increasingly empowered in choosing the extent of a service they want to produce for themselves; consequently, service firms may find that they have no choice but to embrace customer participation in organising their service delivery. However, the number of studies related to customer participation in high-contact services remains considerably limited. This study develops an integrated model of customer participation management and is empirically tested in a real estate agency. The research model has four variables, including customer participation, customer satisfaction, customer–company identification, and customer loyalty. A survey questionnaire was employed to collect data for testing the hypotheses contained in the proposed model. Through structural equation modelling analysis, the results indicate that customer participation can be both a driver and a moderator for managing customer relationships. Customer–company identification, other than customer satisfaction, provides an additional way to increase customer loyalty. Important theoretical contribution and managerial implications are also provided in this study.
Midlife experiences of Thai women.

BACKGROUND Midlife is not a universal notion because the conception of midlife arises from specific historical and social conditions. This can be a challenging time for women; however, the study of Thai women in the middle years has received relatively little attention. AIM This paper reports a study exploring the meaning of midlife to Thai women currently residing in Bangkok. METHOD The integration of Heideggerian phenomenology and feminist theory guided data collection. Experiential understanding of midlife phenomena was obtained through interviewing 32 Thai women with diverse educational and socioeconomic backgrounds. Each description was analysed to identify themes pertinent to the individual midlife experience. Emergent themes were extracted from the similarities and differences across descriptions to depict the broad points of view of women's midlife experiences. FINDINGS Five collective themes were identified: being stereotyped, transforming, being vulnerable to poor health, adapting, and thinking ahead. CONCLUSION The findings reflected the fact that these women's midlife experiences were the product of the interrelationship of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors. Awareness of these interrelationships in mind could enrich understanding of midlife experience in women, guide family members and friends in supporting midlife women, including helping to uphold their dignity, and raise the consciousness of health planners and health care professionals for developing effective programmes and interventions to promote wellness for Thai midlife women. The findings could help nurses to build their practice on a significant philosophical foundation and increase their sensitivity with regard to holistic care for midlife women.
Improved myocardial perfusion in chronic diabetic mice by the up‐regulation of pLKB1 and AMPK signaling

Previous studies related impaired myocardial microcirculation in diabetes to oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Thus, this study was aimed to determine the effect of up‐regulating pAMPK‐pAKT signaling on coronary microvascular reactivity in the isolated heart of diabetic mice. We measured coronary resistance in wild‐type and streptozotocin (STZ)‐treated mice, during perfusion pressure changes. Glucose, insulin, and adiponectin levels in plasma and superoxide formation, NOx levels and heme oxygenase (HO) activity in myocardial tissue were determined. In addition, the expression of HO‐1, 3‐nitrotyrosine, pLKB1, pAMPK, pAKT, and peNOS proteins in control and diabetic hearts were measured. Coronary response to changes in perfusion pressure diverged from control in a time‐dependent manner following STZ administration. The responses observed at 28 weeks of diabetes (the maximum time examined) were mimicked by L‐NAME administration to control animals and were associated with a decrease in serum adiponectin and myocardial pLKB1, pAMPK, pAKT, and pGSK‐3 expression. Cobalt protoporphyrin treatment to induce HO‐1 expression reversed the microvascular reactivity seen in diabetes towards that of controls. Up‐regulation of HO‐1 was associated with an increase in adiponectin, pLKB1, pAKT, pAMPK, pGSK‐3, and peNOS levels and a decrease in myocardial superoxide and 3‐nitrotyrosine levels. In the present study we describe the time course of microvascular functional changes during the development of diabetes and the existence of a unique relationship between the levels of serum adiponectin, pLKB1, pAKT, and pAMPK activation in diabetic hearts. The restoration of microvascular function suggests a new therapeutic approach to even advanced cardiac microvascular derangement in diabetes. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 1033–1044, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluating text coherence based on semantic similarity graph

Coherence is a crucial feature of text because it is indispensable for conveying its communication purpose and meaning to its readers. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised text coherence scoring based on graph construction in which edges are established between semantically similar sentences represented by vertices. The sentence similarity is calculated based on the cosine similarity of semantic vectors representing sentences. We provide three graph construction methods establishing an edge from a given vertex to a preceding adjacent vertex, to a single similar vertex, or to multiple similar vertices. We evaluated our methods in the document discrimination task and the insertion task by comparing our proposed methods to the supervised (Entity Grid) and unsupervised (Entity Graph) baselines. In the document discrimination task, our method outperformed the unsupervised baseline but could not do the supervised baseline, while in the insertion task, our method outperformed both baselines.
Pregnancy and renal failure: the case for application of dosage guidelines.

Pregnancies in women with renal disease, undergoing dialysis treatment or with kidney transplants are increasingly observed. Serious problems with drug dose adjustment may arise in pregnant women with renal impairment. This review gives a practical overview on the risks of drug use during gestation, the recommended drugs of choice (e.g. methyldopa, cyclosporin), and provides some proposals for dosage adjustments in pregnant women with renal impairment. In normal pregnancy, the glomerular filtration rate and plasma volume increase, whereas plasma protein binding and liver function may be impaired. An increase in dosage is needed for cyclosporin and for methadone because of increased hepatic clearance. The dosage of erythropoetin must be increased because of lower potency in pregnant women. Little more is known on the impact of gestation on drug dose, since pharmacokinetic studies are rarely done in pregnant women. The dosages of magnesium, lithium and morphine must be reduced in renal impairment. Dose adjustment to renal function is critical and is essential for anti-infective agents (e.g. ceftazidime, ganciclovir). Basing drug dose on estimated creatinine clearance might be the most practical solution in pregnant women with renal impairment.
An amphioxus winged helix/forkhead gene, AmphiFoxD: Insights into vertebrate neural crest evolution

During amphioxus development, the neural plate is bordered by cells expressing many genes with homologs involved in vertebrate neural crest induction. However, these amphioxus cells evidently lack additional genetic programs for the cell delaminations, migrations, and differentiations characterizing definitive vertebrate neural crest. We characterize an amphioxus winged helix/forkhead gene (AmphiFoxD) closely related to vertebrate FoxD genes. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the AmphiFoxD is basal to vertebrate FoxD1, FoxD2, FoxD3, FoxD4, and FoxD5. One of these vertebrate genes (FoxD3) consistently marks neural crest during development. Early in amphioxus development, AmphiFoxD is expressed medially in the anterior neural plate as well as in axial (notochordal) and paraxial mesoderm; later, the gene is expressed in the somites, notochord, cerebral vesicle (diencephalon), and hindgut endoderm. However, there is never any expression in cells bordering the neural plate. We speculate that an AmphiFoxD homolog in the common ancestor of amphioxus and vertebrates was involved in histogenic processes in the mesoderm (evagination and delamination of the somites and notochord); then, in the early vertebrates, descendant paralogs of this gene began functioning in the presumptive neural crest bordering the neural plate to help make possible the delaminations and cell migrations that characterize definitive vertebrate neural crest. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Autoregulation of Lantibiotic Bovicin HJ50 Biosynthesis by the BovK-BovR Two-Component Signal Transduction System in Streptococcus bovis HJ50

ABSTRACT Streptococcus bovis HJ50 produces a lacticin 481-like 33-amino-acid-residue lantibiotic, designated bovicin HJ50. bovK-bovR in the bovicin HJ50 biosynthetic gene cluster is predicted to be a two-component signal transduction system involved in sensing signals and regulating gene expression. Disruption of bovK or bovR resulted in the abrogation of bovicin HJ50 production, suggesting both genes play important roles in bovicin HJ50 biosynthesis. Addition of exogenous bovicin HJ50 peptide to cultures of a bovM mutant that lost the capability for bovicin HJ50 production and structural gene bovA transcription in S. bovis HJ50 induced dose-dependent transcription of the bovA gene, demonstrating that bovicin HJ50 production was normally autoregulated. The transcription of bovA was no longer induced by bovicin HJ50 in bovK and bovR disruption mutants, suggesting that BovK-BovR plays an essential role in the signal transduction regulating bovicin HJ50 biosynthesis. A phosphorylation assay indicated that BovK has the ability to autophosphorylate and subsequently transfer the phosphoryl group to the downstream BovR protein to carry on signal transduction. Electromobility shift assays (EMSA) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene expression assays showed the specific binding of BovR to the bovA promoter, indicating that BovR regulates bovA expression by direct binding between them. Taken together, bovicin HJ50 biosynthesis is induced by bovicin HJ50 itself and regulated via the two-component signal transduction system BovK-BovR.
The AmpliChip: A Review of its Analytic and Clinical Validity and Clinical Utility.

BACKGROUND In 2005, the FDA approved the Roche AmpliChip™ for clinical application. The AmpliChip is a microarray chip that has the capability to play an important role in clinical pharmacogenetics. OBJECTIVE Because of the possible influence the AmpliChip may have on patient medication management, the purpose of the review is to address the available evidence for the AmpliChip's overall performance at three key levels: analytic validity (genotyping accuracy, and prediction of the phenotype from the genotype) and clinical utility. DATA SOURCES We searched Medline, Embase and PubMed for studies of the AmpliChip. Limits were English language and 2005 (the year of FDA approval) and onwards, and we corresponded with authors for further papers of interest. RESULTS 17 articles provided data for analysis in this review: 4 involving genotype accuracy, 7 involving genotype to phenotype prediction and 9 involving clinical utility. CONCLUSION There is limited literature comparing AmpliChip results to gold standard tests and test-retest reliability when assessing genotype accuracy. Also, there is limited literature on the accuracy of AmpliChip predictions of phenotypes from genotypes and minimal evidence with appropriately powered studies whether the AmpliChip genotype to phenotype predictions result in clinical benefit. At all three levels there is significant evidence that the AmpliChip has the potential to be a robust clinical tool. However, more and adequately powered studies are required to determine fully whether the AmpliChip is a clinically effective tool.
Side Effects of Adjuvant Chemotherapy: Perceptions of Node‐Negative Breast Cancer Patients

Twenty‐one node‐negative breast cancer patients were interviewed shortly after completing adjuvant chemotherapy and asked about side effects they had experienced, expectation of side effects, and strategies for coping with the side effects. Eighteen of the women were interviewed 6 months later to determine their feelings about the chemotherapy experience and ending treatment and what side effects persisted or developed after chemotherapy. Hair loss, fatigue, treatment‐related problems, nausea and infections/low blood counts were the most frequently described problems during the first interviews. Patients used coping strategies suggested by physicians and nurses. Six months later, hair problems, fatigue, weight gain, menopausal problems, emotional problems and nail problems were most often reported. Most patients (16/18) did not expect to be experiencing chemotherapy‐related problems 6 months after ending treatment. Fatigue interfered with daily lives and weight gain caused concern. A total of 35% of participants experienced fear or anxiety at the end of chemotherapy, but most (62%) recalled at least some positive feelings 6 months later. Given the same circumstances, all but two would make the same decision to undergo adjuvant chemotherapy. Support groups would be especially useful for patients completing chemotherapy who would lose continued frequent support from clinic personnel. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal Treatment Strategies in Hormone-Responsive Early Breast Cancer: The Role of Aromatase Inhibitors

Results from large controlled clinical trials have identified the third-generation aromatase inhibitors (AIs) as the first significant therapeutic advance in the adjuvant treatment of hormone receptor-positive (HR+) early breast cancer in postmenopausal women since the introduction of tamoxifen. Although all 3 agents, letrozole, exemestane and anastrozole, provide benefits compared with a 5-year course of tamoxifen, the optimum strategy for adjuvant AI therapy has not yet been defined. AIs have been studied upfront, in sequence with tamoxifen, in therapy switch strategies after 2-3 years of tamoxifen, and after the completion of standard adjuvant tamoxifen. Clearly, only upfront treatment with an AI can address the peak risk of relapse during the first 2-3 years after surgery, and both letrozole and anastrozole significantly reduce relapses compared with tamoxifen in this setting. Switching to exemestane or anastrozole benefits women who are disease-free following 2-3 years of tamoxifen, and women who have successfully completed the standard 5 years of tamoxifen can benefit from extended adjuvant letrozole therapy. Ongoing studies will help to determine the optimum treatment strategy, and answer other important questions, such as whether the AIs differ clinically, what influence HR expression profiles have on outcomes, and what long-term toxicities may be associated with these highly effective agents.
A continuous-time decentralized optimization scheme with positivity constraints

In this paper we introduce a continuous-time version of a recently proposed decentralized multi-agent optimization scheme. In this scheme, a number of networked agents cooperate in locating the optimum of the sum of their individual objective functions. Each agent has access only to its own objective function and its neighbors' estimates of the collective optimum. Under mild assumptions, we derive explicit expressions for a lower bound on the algorithm's convergence rate and an upper bound on the agents' ultimate estimation error, in terms of relevant problem parameters. We build on the analytic techniques we previously introduced, in which we treat the evolution of the mean and deviation of agents' estimates as two coupled dynamic subsystems, and provide a Lyapunov argument for the practical asymptotic stability of their interconnection. More generally, this approach turns out to be useful in deriving sharper convergence results under weaker assumptions in the continuous-time case, as well as in providing an elegant way to account for the effects of positive projections that might need to be employed by each agent in some applications. Finally, we propose an application of this scheme to the design of fully decentralized dual resource allocation algorithms.