Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efecto antiinflamatorio intestinal de probióticos en el modelo de colitis experimental inducida por ácido trinitrobencenosulfónico en ratas

Durante los ultimos anos se ha puesto de manifiesto un incremento gradual en la incidencia de patologias intestinales relacionadas con procesos inflamatorios, lo que justificaria el importante esfuerzo que se viene realizando por parte de la comunidad cientifica para la busqueda de nuevos farmacos eficaces en el tratamiento de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal y la prevencion de las recidivas que la caracterizan. En la actualidad practicamente todos los farmacos utilizados presentan importantes reacciones adversas, hecho que adquiere una especial relevancia dado que el tratamiento farmacologico en la mayoria de los pacientes se realiza durante un periodo prolongado de tiempo, por lo que resulta de gran interes el establecimiento de nuevas estrategias terapeuticas que, dotadas de actividad frente a estas patologias, presenten menos efectos secundarios. Aunque la causa de la EII es todavia desconocida, es un hecho bien aceptado que en su inicio y progresion intervienen las bacterias del lumen intestinal, probablemente provocado por un desequilibrio entre las bacterias potencialmente patogenas y las protectoras. Por lo tanto, una alternativa terapeutica seria el uso de microorganismos probioticos, que se definen como suplementos alimenticios integrados por microorganismos vivos que afectan beneficiosamente al hospedador que los consume mediante la mejora de su equilibrio microbiano intestinal. De hecho, hay diversos estudios que avalan la eficacia de los mismos en la EII en humanos.
Age‐ and Gender‐Dependent Changes of Bovine Myocardium Architecture

Growth, gravidity and lactation put high demands on the performance of the myocardium. The aim of this study, which was performed in 40 female and 20 male bovines ranging from 1 to 4.5 years old, was to determine gross and microscopic morphometric data of bovine myocardium to establish a comparative measure of myocardial growth during juvenile development. During the developmental stage of young adulthood, age‐related increases in female myocardial characteristics included cardiac mass, left and right ventricular mass and the ratio of cardiac mass to loose connective tissue. Age‐related decreases were observed in the number of myocyte nuclei per mm² and the thickness of the right ventricular wall. Sex differences in these parameters were found between 2‐year‐old bulls (N = 20) and 2‐year‐old heifers (N = 10), with males having heavier hearts, thicker ventricular walls, less myocytes in the left ventricle and less connective tissue in both ventricles. Age and sex had no influence on the ratio of capillaries to myocytes, estimated at 0.98 in the adult bovine. Capillary density does not change during juvenile development, but cross‐sectional capillary area does adapt to myocyte cross‐sectional area, accounting for this relatively constant ratio.
Fabrication of gating nanopore towards single-biomolecule electrical identification

We developed a simple fabrication method for a gating nanopore nanostructure, which is composed of a solid-state nanopore and embodied nanogap-electrode inside the nanopore. The method by using deep reactive-ion etching technique achieved a high-yield rate and easily controlled the pore-length for the gating nanopore device. In addition, by using the gating nanopore, we investigated single-particles / biomolecules that pass through a nanopore only by change in electric current not only flowing parallel to a nanopore, but also flowing between nanogap electrodes perpendicular to the nanopore. From the ionic current intensity and its time profiles, we identify a sample single-particles/bioanalytes. The electrical measurement by using gating nanopore would be a promising methodology for single-biomolecule sensors.
Oral and parenteral anticoagulants: new kids on the block.

Well-documented drawbacks of traditional anticoagulants have lead to the quest for an ideal anticoagulant resulting in a surge of novel anticoagulant molecules. These newer agents directly target specific steps in coagulation cascade and include newer low molecular weight heparins (adomiparin), ultra low molecular weight heparins (semuloparin, RO-14), inhibitors of activated factor II (dabigatran, AZD0837), X (rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban, betrixaban), IX (REG1,2), XI (antisense oligonucleotides, BMS 262084, clavatadine A), VII/tissue factor (tifacogin, PCI 274836, and BMS 593214), V (recomodulin, solulin), VIII (TB402), dual thrombin/factor X inhibitors (EP21709, tanogitran), and newer vitamin K antagonists (tecarfarin). Direct thrombin inhibitors and Factor X inhibitors are the most clinically advanced. This article discusses the recent advances in the development of novel targets of anticoagulants. Medline, EMBASE, cochrane database, medscape, SCOPUS, and clinicaltrials.gov were searched using terms "anticoagulants", "blood coagulation inhibitors", "anticoagulants and venous thromboembolism", "anticoagulants and atrial fibrillation", and "'antithrombins. " Journal articles published from 2007 to 2012 discussing pharmacology and/or clinical trials were screened.
A functional compound contained in sugar cane molasses enhances the fermentation ability of baker's yeast in high-sugar dough.

Baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an essential ingredient in bakery products produced by dough fermentation. The properties of baker’s yeast cells in commercial products, such as fermentation ability, stress tolerance, and fl avor formation, depend on both the cultivation conditions and the genetic constitution of yeast strains (Evance, 1990; Nagodawithana and Trivedi, 1990). The breeding methods of baker’s yeast including selection following mutagenesis, cross breeding, and molecular genetical methods have been extensively studied (Evance, 1990; Fang et al., 1990; Kyogoku and Ouchi, 1995; Oda and Ouchi, 1991; Shima et al., 1999; Teunissen et al., 2002; Vincent et al., 1999). On the other hand, detailed analyses of the cultivation conditions of baker’s yeast have been seldom studied (Praekelt et al., 1994; Win et al., 1996). Yeast biomass is generally grown in aerobic fedbatch culture systems (Nagodawithana and Trivedi, 1990). During yeast growth in a fed-batch process, the addition of sugar-containing media, usually diluted molasses, is metered incrementally to minimize ethanol production and maximize the biomass of yeast (Burrows, 1970). Cane molasses is considered an excellent medium for baker’s yeast cultivation because it contains sugar, certain vitamins and minerals, and because it is relatively inexpensive (Peppler, 1979). In high-sugar dough (>30% sugar per fl our), the fermentation ability of baker’s yeast is inhibited by high osmotic pressure due to the sugar in the dough (highsugar stress) (Ando et al., 2006; Tanaka-Tsuno et al., 2007). To achieve high fermentation ability in high-sugar dough, yeast cells must have tolerance for highsugar stress (Oda and Tonomura, 1993). In our previous results, we found that baker’s yeast grown in a synthetic medium consisting of sugar, vitamins, minerals, and inorganic nitrogen had poor fermentation ability in high-sugar dough, even after optimization of the media components, compared with yeast cells grown in cane molasses medium (Shima et al., 2005). In a preliminary study, we fractionated cane molasses into a sugar fraction and a non-sugar fraction using a synthesized adsorbent such as Amberlite XAD-2 (Organo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). It was found that the addition of the non-sugar fraction to the synthetic medium enhanced the fermentation ability of yeast in high-sugar dough (data not shown). We hypothesized that functional compounds were included in the non-sugar J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. , 57, 303‒307 (2011)
Defining a standard metric for electricity savings

The growing investment by governments and electric utilities in energy efficiency programs highlights the need for simple tools to help assess and explain the size of the potential resource. One technique that is commonly used in this effort is to characterize electricity savings in terms of avoided power plants, because it is easier for people to visualize a power plant than it is to understand an abstraction such as billions of kilowatt-hours. Unfortunately, there is no standardization around the characteristics of such power plants. In this letter we define parameters for a standard avoided power plant that have physical meaning and intuitive plausibility, for use in back-of-the-envelope calculations. For the prototypical plant this article settles on a 500 MW existing coal plant operating at a 70% capacity factor with 7% T&D losses. Displacing such a plant for one year would save 3 billion kWh/year at the meter and reduce emissions by 3 million metric tons of CO2 per year. The proposed name for this metric is the Rosenfeld, in keeping with the tradition among scientists of naming units in honor of the person most responsible for the discovery and widespread adoption of the underlying scientific principle in question—Dr Arthur H Rosenfeld.
Metodología para la implementación de un sistema de reconocimiento de objetos mediante técnicas de visión artificial aplicado a manipuladores robóticos

En el presente articulo, se realiza una breve descripcion de una metodologia implementada para el funcionamiento de de un sistema de vision artificial para la identificacion de objetos, basado en criterios como la forma, el color y el tamano. Se realiza la presentacion de tecnicas y resultados, se destacan las estrategias de vision artificial utilizadas, los principales descriptores para las imagenes y su aplicacion a un manipulador robotico. En este orden de ideas, cabe resaltar que este documento ilustra un proyecto de investigacion de la Universitaria de Investigacion y Desarrollo (UDI), donde se realizaron y aplicaron tecnicas de pre-procesamiento y adecuacion de la imagen, entrenamiento y uso de redes neuronales, asi como la gestion de las senales para el control del manipulador. Es pertinente en este resumen destacar el uso de las Redes Neuronales Artificiales, como eje central del desarrollo del prototipo; lo que permite a traves de estas estrategias el reconocimiento de las figuras basado en diferentes criterios y descriptor. Finalmente, pero no menos importante, es necesario resaltar que la implementacion del sistema de posicionador no es descrita en este articulo, enfocandose solamente al procesamiento y adecuacion de las imagenes.
Properties of glutamate receptors of Alzheimer's disease brain transplanted to frog oocytes

It is known that Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a synaptic disease that involves various neurotransmitter systems, particularly those where synaptic transmission is mediated by acetylcholine or glutamate (Glu). Nevertheless, very little is known about the properties of neurotransmitter receptors of the AD human brain. We have shown previously that cell membranes, carrying neurotransmitter receptors from the human postmortem brain, can be transplanted to frog oocytes, and their receptors will still be functional. Taking advantage of this fact, we have now studied the properties of Glu receptors (GluRs) from the cerebral cortices of AD and non-AD brains and found that oocytes injected with AD membranes acquired GluRs that have essentially the same functional properties as those of oocytes injected with membranes from non-AD brains. However, the amplitudes of the currents elicited by Glu were always smaller in the oocytes injected with membranes from AD brains. Western blot analyses of the same membrane preparations used for the electrophysiological studies showed that AD membranes contained significantly fewer GluR2/3 subunit proteins. Furthermore, the corresponding mRNAs were also diminished in the AD brain. Therefore, the smaller amplitude of membrane currents elicited by Glu in oocytes injected with membranes from an AD brain is a consequence of a reduced number of GluRs in cell membranes transplanted from the AD brain. Thus, using the comparatively simple method of microtransplantation of receptors, it is now possible to determine the properties of neurotransmitter receptors of normal and diseased human brains. That knowledge may help to decipher the etiology of the diseases and also to develop new treatments.
Glutamate Receptor-Like Channel3.3 Is Involved in Mediating Glutathione-Triggered Cytosolic Calcium Transients, Transcriptional Changes, and Innate Immunity Responses in Arabidopsis1[W][OA]

Extracellular glutathione triggers innate immunity responses in the Arabidopsis leaf through a glutamate receptor3.3-dependent pathway homologous with that of the central nervous system. The tripeptide reduced glutathione (GSH; γ-glutamate [Glu]-cysteine [Cys]-glycine) is a major endogenous antioxidant in both animal and plant cells. It also functions as a neurotransmitter mediating communication among neurons in the central nervous system of animals through modulating specific ionotropic Glu receptors (GLRs) in the membrane. Little is known about such signaling roles in plant cells. Here, we report that transient rises in cytosolic calcium triggered by exogenous GSH in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves were sensitive to GLR antagonists and abolished in loss-of-function atglr3.3 mutants. Like the GSH biosynthesis-defective mutant PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT2, atglr3.3 showed enhanced susceptibility to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000. Pathogen-induced defense marker gene expression was also decreased in atglr3.3 mutants. Twenty-seven percent of genes that were rapidly responsive to GSH treatment of seedlings were defense genes, most of which were dependent on functional AtGLR3.3, while GSH suppressed pathogen propagation through the AtGLR3.3-dependent pathway. Eight previously identified putative AtGLR3.3 ligands, GSH, oxidized glutathione, alanine, asparagine, Cys, Glu, glycine, and serine, all elicited the AtGLR3.3-dependent cytosolic calcium transients, but only GSH and Cys induced the defense response, with the Glu-induced AtGLR3.3-dependent transcription response being much less apparent than that triggered by GSH. Together, these observations suggest that AtGLR3.3 is required for several signaling effects mediated by extracellular GSH, even though these effects may not be causally related.
Long-term maintenance of in vitro cultures affects growth and secondary metabolism of St. John's Wort

Hypericum perforatum is a traditional medicinal plant with wound healing and antidepressant properties. Efficiency of micropropagation is often related to the long term maintenance of tissues in culture, which may alter the secondary metabolism of plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate growth and secondary metabolism of in vitro shoots of H. perforatum on short and long term maintenance of cultures (30 and 100 days). The effect of BA and NAA supplementation was evaluated during 30 days of culture. Adventitious shoots were cultivated on MS medium supplemented with 4.4mM BA alone or in combination with 0.05mM NAA for 30 days. A hormone-free medium was used as control. Shoots cultivated for 100 days were maintained in presence of 4.4mM BA. Biomass, multiplication of shoots, contents of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and hypericin were evaluated. No difference between BA and BA+NAA was observed on growth, multiplication of shoots and levels of flavonoids at the end of 30 days of culture. Production of phenolic compounds was promoted by addition of BA+NAA to the medium, whereas hypericin was increased by the presence of BA. The time of culture (30 and 100 days) affected all the parameters analyzed, except the levels of flavonoids in the short term experiment.
Carrier lifetime studies of semi-insulating silicon carbide for photoconductive switch applications

A contactless microwave photoconductivity decay (MPCD) method has been used to measure recombination lifetime and relative conductivity of semi-insulating (SI) silicon carbide (SiC) wafers. A pulsed laser, tunable from 210 nm to 2 μm, has been used to probe above and below band gap photoconductive responses of four SI SiC wafers. The carrier lifetimes were calculated by comparing the reflected microwave signal to the photo response of a fast (< 300 ps) photodiode. Three vanadium-doped 6H-SiC wafers, with bulk resistivities ranging from 105 Ω-cm to 1011 Ω-cm, and one high-purity semi-insulating (HPSI) 4H-SiC wafer (> 109 Ω-cm) were studied. The photoconductive response of each wafer set is presented. The HPSI wafer demonstrated longer carrier lifetime and improved above band gap photoconductivity compared to the vanadium-doped wafers. The difference in carrier lifetimes are attributed to higher densities of recombination centers (vanadium acceptors) in the 6H-SiC substrates.
Outcomes and costs of acute treatment of traumatic brain injury.

BACKGROUND Although there are nearly a quarter of a million hospitalizations for traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the United States each year, data on the outcomes and costs of TBI treatment in the acute-care setting are limited. METHODS Using a large, geographically diverse, multihospital database, we examined inpatient records for persons aged 16 years or older who were hospitalized for TBI between January 1, 1997, and June 30, 1999. Patients were stratified by TBI severity using an adaptation of the Abbreviated Injury Scale for administrative data (ICD/AIS), as follows: 2 = "moderate"; 3 = "serious"; 4 = "severe"; and 5 = "critical. " Patient characteristics, patterns of treatment, and outcomes and costs were examined by injury severity and mechanism of injury. RESULTS Of 8,717 study subjects identified, 12.5% had moderate, 44.8% had serious, 29.6% had severe, and 13.2% had critical TBI. Falls were the most common reported cause of injury (40.8%), followed by motor vehicle crashes (39.3%), blows to the head (11.3%), and gunshot wounds (2.4%). Average length of stay in hospital ranged from 6.7 days for moderate TBI to 17.5 days for critical TBI. The overall rate of death in hospital was relatively low among patients with moderate (1.3%), serious (5.7%), and severe (8.7%) TBIs, but much higher among the most critically injured patients (52.0%). Costs of hospitalization averaged 8,189 dollars for moderate, 14,603 dollars for serious, 16,788 dollars for severe, and 33,537 dollars for critical TBI. Costs also varied by injury type, averaging 20,084 dollars for gunshot wounds, 20,522 dollars for motor vehicle crashes, 15,860 dollars for falls, and 19,949 dollars for blows to the head. CONCLUSION The economic burden of TBI in the acute-care setting is substantial; treatment outcomes and costs vary considerably by TBI severity and mechanism of injury.
Knowledge extraction from the problem-oriented data warehouses on chemical kinetics and thermochemistry

This paper discusses the technology of extracting the chemical knowledge from the structured electronic sources, problem-oriented systems of science data analytics, and methods of science data analysis. Application of the feed-forward artificial neural network for predicting the reactivity of a compound (the classical potential barrier) in reactions of hydrocarbons with hydrogen atom in solution is presented. Empirical indexes of reactionary centers for groups of such reactions had identified. The artificial neural network is learned using a set of the experimental thermochemical and kinetic data. The artificial neural network has predicted classic potential barrier for hydrogen atom in reactions with hydrocarbons in solution at a temperature of 298 K with satisfactory accuracy. Special attention is placed the use of fuzzy knowledge base to predict the classical potential barrier and to calculate the rate constants of the bimolecular radical reactions of phenyl radical with hydrocarbons in the liquid phase on the experimental data. The hybrid algorithm of calculation of rate constants of bimolecular radical reactions on the experimental thermochemical data and an empirical index of the reactionary center is offered. This algorithm uses a fuzzy knowledge base or an artificial neural network for prediction of classical potential barrier of bimolecular radical reactions at some temperature, a database of experimental characteristics of reaction and Arrhenius's formula for calculation of rate constant. Results of prediction of the classical potential barrier are discussed. Key-Words: chemical kinetic, thermochemistry, data warehouse, data science analytic, expert system, artificial neural network, fuzzy logic. radical reaction, activation energy, classical potential barrier, reactionary center.
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol membrane anchors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: absence of ceramides from complete precursor glycolipids.

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring of membrane proteins occurs through two distinct steps, namely the assembly of a precursor glycolipid and its subsequent transfer onto newly synthesized proteins. To analyze the structure of the yeast precursor glycolipid we made use of the pmi40 mutant that incorporates very high amounts of [3H]mannose. Two very polar [3H]mannose‐labeled glycolipids named CP1 and CP2 qualified as GPI precursor lipids since their carbohydrate head group, Man alpha 1,2(X‐‐>PO4‐‐>6)Man alpha 1,2Man alpha 1,6Man alpha‐GlcN‐inositol (with X most likely being ethanolamine) comprises the core structure which is common to all GPI anchors described so far. CP1 predominates in cells grown at 24 degrees C whereas CP2 is induced by stress conditions. The apparent structural identity of the head groups suggests that CP1 and CP2 contain different lipid moieties. The lipid moieties of both CP1 and CP2 can be removed by mild alkaline hydrolysis although the protein‐bound GPI anchors made by the pmi40 cells under identical labeling conditions contain mild base resistant ceramides. These findings imply that the ceramide moiety found on the majority of yeast GPI anchored proteins is added through a lipid remodeling step that occurs after the addition of the GPI precursor glycolipids to proteins.
Tensile behaviour of the periodontal ligament.

Transverse sections of human periodontal ligament were subjected to tensile loads. Extension-time, load-time, and load-extension curves were obtained. The average value for the ultimate tensile strength of the ligament was found to be 2.4 N/mm2. Loading of the ligament for either extrusion or intrusion did not appear to change its behaviour.
Firing patterns of pallidal cells in Parkinsonian patients correlate with their pre‐pallidotomy clinical scores

It is unclear how the disordered activity of cells in the basal ganglia contributes to the symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). We recorded from single neurons extracellularly in 3 regions of the globus pallidus (GPe, GPie and GPii) in patients undergoing pallidotomy for PD. Movement-related cell firing patterns, analysed using hidden Markov models, were significantly correlated with patients' preoperative clinical scores (off drugs). Responses of cells in GPii correlated best with the scores for specific motor tasks, rather than general ones related to activities of daily living, but the reverse was true for responses from GPe. In both GPii and GPe, a higher score (i.e. greater parkinsonian severity) was associated with greater variability in cell firing rather than an increase in firing rate itself.