Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Double-Stator Permanent Magnet Generator Integrated with a Magnetic Gear

This paper presents a double-stator permanent magnet generator (DSPMG) integrated with a novel magnetic gear structure which is proposed to be used as a direct drive generator for low speed applications. Torque transmission is based on three rotors consisting of prime permanent magnet poles on the middle rotor and field permanent magnet poles on the inner and outer rotors, respectively. The proposed machine combines the function of a triple rotor magnetic gear and electrical power generator. The operating principle of the generator is discussed, and its performance characteristics are analyzed using 2-dimensional finite-element method (2D-FEM). Analysis results about its magnetic gear ratio, transmission torque, cogging torque and electrical power performance are reported. The 2-D finite element analysis results verify the proposed generator design.
dentification of environmental chemicals that induce yolk alabsorption in zebrafish using automated image segmentation haranya

Environmental factors affecting nutrient availability during development can cause predisposition to diseases later in life. To identify chemicals in the environment capable of altering nutrient mobilization, we analyzed yolk malabsorption in the zebrafish embryo, which relies on maternally-derived yolk for nutrition during its first week of life. Embryos of the transgenic zebrafish line HGn50D, which fluoresce in the yolk syncytial layer, were exposed from two to five days post fertilization to different chemicals. We developed a software package to automatically and accurately segment and quantify the area of the fluorescing yolk in images captured at the end of the treatment period. Based on this quantification, we found
Recreation Value of a New Long-Distance Walking Track

A large recreation value may be expected for a long-distance walking track which allows for hiking and camping in a tropical rainforest environment. When such a resource is new, sufficient data are not available for a primary study. A practical way to obtain a value estimate is by employing benefit transfer procedures. Using a travel cost analysis for the Thorsborne Trail as the transfer source, a consumer surplus estimate for the new Cannabullen Track was estimated at about Aus$300 per person per year. This value may contribute to management decisions about further development of facilities along the track and about user fees.
Particle Dynamics Duality Model for Multi-Agent Systems

This paper presents a novel generalized particle duality approach (GPDA) to transform the problem-solving for multi-agent systems into the kinematics and dynamics of particles in dual force-fields. Since the resources allocation and task assignment in complex distributed network environment is a typical problem of multi-agent systems, GPDA is used to optimize the bandwidth allocation and QoS assignment in ATM networks. The construction, dynamics and properties of the GPDA and corresponding algorithm are discussed. The GPDA has many advantages in terms of the high-scale parallelism, multi-objective optimization, multi-type coordination, multi-degree autonomy, and the ability to deal randomly occurring phenomena in MAS systems
Melatonin has membrane receptor‐independent hypnotic action on neurons: an hypothesis

Abstract: Melatonin, which is known to have sleep‐promoting properties, has no morpho‐physiological barriers and readily enters neurons and their subcellular compartments from both the blood and cerebrospinal fluid. It has multiple receptor‐dependent and receptor‐independent functions. Sleep is a neuronal function, and it can no longer be postulated that one or more anatomical structures fully control sleep. Neurons require sleep for metabolically driven restorative purposes, and as a result, the process of sleep is modulated by peripheral and central mechanisms. This is an important finding because it suggests that melatonin should have intracellular sleep‐inducing properties. Based on recent evidence, it is proposed that melatonin induces sleep at the neuronal level independently of its membrane receptors. Thus, the hypnotic action of melatonin and the mechanisms involving the circadian rhythms are separate neurological functions. This is contrary to the presently accepted view.
Current status of trans‐anal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) following the Second International Consensus Conference

This article documents the consensus of an expert group of surgeons from the Second International Trans‐anal Total Mesorectal Excision (TaTME) Conference held in Paris in July 2014. It outlines three facets of the TaTME procedure: (i) the technique and its indications, (ii) training and adoption, and (iii) data collection and the TaTME registry.
Solving Sequential Planning Problems via Constraint Satisfaction

Planning problems deal with finding a sequence of actions that transfer the initial state of the world into a desired state. Frequently such problems are solved by dedicated algorithms but there exist planners based on translating the planning problem into a different formalism such as constraint satisfaction or Boolean satisfiability and using a general solver for this formalism. The paper describes how to enhance existing constraintmodels of sequential planning problems by using techniques such as symmetry breaking (dominance rules), singleton consistency, nogoods, lifting, or techniques motivated by the partial-order planning.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cell Lysis Mutations cly5 and cly7 Define Temperature‐Sensitive Alleles of PKC1, the Gene Encoding Yeast Protein Kinase C

A set of temperature‐sensitive Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants designated cly (for cell lysis) 1–8 because the cells lyse at high temperature was isolated in a large screen for yeast temperature‐sensitive mutations (Hartwell, 1967). Here we report the isolation of two plasmids, containing inserts that complement both the cly5 and cly7 mutations. DNA sequencing revealed that both of these inserts contain the gene encoding yeast protein kinase C (PKC1) (Levin et al., 1990). Sequencing of the mutant alleles revealed that cly5 and cly7 contain distinct mutations separated by 194 base pairs. Consistent with this, the cly5 and cly7 ts alleles do not complement each other, and they are genetically linked to PKC1 and to each other. Like other temperature‐sensitive pkc1 alleles, the temperature‐sensitive phenotype is eliminated by growth in high osmotic strength media (Levin and Bartlett‐Heubusch, 1992). © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sulfur Amino Acid Metabolic Process Pathway may Modulate Bipolar Disorder with Alcohol Dependence Comorbidity

Background: A relationship between alcohol use disorder and Bipolar Disorder (BD) has far been detected. A record of alcohol dependence may worsen the course of BD. Nevertheless, the genetic underpinnings of this comorbidity have not been completely elucidated. Authors investigated the impact of a set of genetic variations as possible risk factors for the pathological mood swings in bipolar patients with a record of alcohol dependence. Methods: A list of candidate genes identified as risk loci by GWAS studies in last 10 years were tested in a sample of 802 bipolar patients from the public available STEP-BD study. Variations harbored by these genes were checked for quality, imputed and pruned. A set of 260 genes embedded in 160 different pathways were analyzed as predictors of the frequency of severe (YMRS>11) manic events and depressive phases (MADRS>19) during the period of observation (1139 days for manic records and 1856 for depressive records). Their effect was tested in combination with alcohol comorbidity. Clinical and sociodemographic variables entered the study as covariates when significantly associated with the phenotypes. Results: We found an impact of alcohol dependence positive record with a higher frequency of severe manic (p=0.02) and depressive (p=0.0006) records. A positive association between a pathway related to the Sulfur amino acid metabolic process (GO:0000096) and an increased frequency of severe depressive records was detected for BD subjects with a record of alcohol dependence. Discussion: We found an association between GO: 0000096 (Sulfur amino acid metabolic process pathway) and severe depressive episodes in BD patients with a record of alcohol dependence in their clinical story.
Sustainable information practice: An ethnographic investigation

This project develops the concept of sustainable information practice within the field of information science. The inquiry is grounded by data from a study of 2 ecovillages, intentional communities striving to ground their daily activities in a set of core values related to sustainability. Ethnographic methods employed for over 2 years resulted in data from hundreds of hours of participant observation, semistructured interviews with 22 community members, and a diverse collection of community images and texts. Analysis of the data highlights the tensions that arose and remained as community members experienced breakdowns between community values related to sustainability and their daily information practices. Contributions to the field of information science include the development of the concept of sustainable information practice, an analysis of why community members felt unable to adapt their information practices to better match community concepts of sustainability, and an assessment of the methodological challenges of information practice inquiry within a communal, nonwork environment. Most broadly, this work contributes to our larger understanding of the challenges faced by those attempting to identify and develop more sustainable information practices. In addition, findings from this investigation call into question previous claims that groups of individuals with strong value commitments can adapt their use of information tools to better support their values. In contrast, this work suggests that information practices can be particularly resilient to local, value-based adaptation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Osmotic pressure and electrical activity.

1. Employing toad's single myelinated nerve fibres as material, the electrical activity as modified by aniso-osmotic (particularly hypertonic) solutions was investigated.2. Decrease in magnitude of action current, rise of threshold and remarkable prolongation of action duration were observed.3. The maximal local response in hypertonic solutions is much larger than that in normal Ringer.4. Anode break excitation is easily elicitable in hypertonic media.5. Some microscopic signs, probably indicating hydration or dehydration, were obtained.
A REVELATION PRINCIPLE FOR COMPETING MECHANISMS

In modelling competition among mechanism designers, it is necessary to specify the set of feasible mechanisms. These specifications are often borrowed from the optimal mechanism design literature and exclude mechanisms that are natural in a competitive environment; for example, mechanisms that depend on the mechanisms chosen by competitors. This paper constructs a set of mechanisms that is universal in that any specific model of the feasible set can be embedded in it. An equilibrium for a specific model is robust if and only if it is an equilibrium also for the universal set of mechanisms. A key to the construction is a language for describing mechanisms that is not tied to any preconceived notions of the nature of competition.
Cognitive Inflexibility After Prefrontal Serotonin Depletion

Serotonergic dysregulation within the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is implicated in many neuropsychiatric disorders, but the precise role of serotonin within the PFC is poorly understood. Using a serial discrimination reversal paradigm, we showed that upon reversal, selective serotonin depletion of the marmoset PFC produced perseverative responding to the previously rewarded stimulus without any significant effects on either retention of a discrimination learned preoperatively or acquisition of a novel discrimination postoperatively. These results highlight the importance of prefrontal serotonin in behavioral flexibility and are highly relevant to obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, and the cognitive sequelae of drug abuse in which perseveration is prominent.
Commentary: Peaks of Promise and Peril: Screening for Antibiotic Resistance by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry

ABSTRACT An article in this issue of the Journal of Clinical Microbiology (J.-H. Youn, S. K. Drake, R. A. Weingarten, K. M. Frank, J. P. Dekker, and A. F. Lau, J Clin Microbiol 53:35–42, 2015, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01643-15) describes the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry for the detection of organisms carrying a bla KPC-containing plasmid. This powerful and promising application highlights the challenges of using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for purposes other than organism identification.
Heterogeneities in regional volumes of distribution and flows in rabbit heart.

The heterogeneity of volumes of distribution in the heart influences the rates of uptake and washout of substrates and metabolites; thus it is important to evaluate their variability in the normal heart. Several tracers were injected intravenously into anesthetized adult closed-chest rabbits, and time was allowed for equilibration in the heart. Tracer microspheres were injected into the left ventricular cavity at the apex for the measurement of regional flows, the chest was opened, another set of microspheres was injected, and the heart was frozen rapidly in situ with liquid nitrogen-cooled Freon-22. Each heart was divided into 72 pieces of less than 0.1 g weight, and the tracer content of each was determined by multichannel gamma-counting and the water content by desiccation. The regional myocardial flows were (closed chest) 0.62 +/- 0.16 ml.g-1.min-1 and (open chest) 0.63 +/- 0.37 ml.g-1.min-1. The volumes of distribution (ml/g) for the 432 pieces for six rabbits, given as mean +/- SD (% coefficient of variation), were as follows: for plasma, VP = 0.11 +/- 0.03 (26%); erythrocytes, VRBC = 0.041 +/- 0.015 (37%); vascular space, VV = 0.15 +/- 0.04 (26%); extracellular space, VECF = 0.33 +/- 0.05 (15%); interstitial space, VISF = 0.21 +/- 0.03 (15%); and water space, VW -0.79 +/- 0.022 (2.8%). Regional hematocrits were 77% +/- 9% of the large-vessel hematocrits.
An energy efficient routing algorithm based on radar chart for wireless sensor networks

In wireless sensor networks, energy conservation has been the most important design criterion for the routing algorithms. In order to reduce overall energy consumption and prolong the network lifetime, an energy efficient routing algorithm based on radar chart (EERC) is proposed in this paper. This routing scheme adopts multiple individual metrics to determine the selection of the next hop, which contains the node residual energy, the distance from the node to the sink, and the distance between the node and its neighbors. Then a comprehensive evaluation model for alternative nodes is built based on radar chart. Finally the node with maximum evaluation value is selected to be the next hop. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm decreases the energy dissipation and extends the lifetime of the network.
Humoral and cellular regulation of alloimmunity in pregnancy.

By using the cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) test, it was found that lymphoid cells from pregnant BALB/c females (gravid by C57BL/6 males) were not directly cytotoxic for 51Cr-labeled target cells posessing the same haplotype as the paternal parent. During various stages of gestation and degrees of parity, splenic lymphocytes from interstrain (BALB/c × C57BL/6) pregnant mice were equivalent to those from virgin BALB/c females in their in vitro proliferative responses to paternal strain cells (C57BL/6) in the one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and also in their ability to develop in vitro into cytotoxic effector cells toward paternal strain alloantigens. Suppressor activity on the part of splenocytes from pregnant mice could not be detected in the MLR and CML assay. Heat-inactivated serum from allogeneically pregnant BALB/c mice, when compared to serum from virgin or syngeneically pregnant females, regularly depressed both proliferative and effector phases of the MLR between related parental strain cells. The degree of inhibition was related to the final concentration of pregnant serum in culture with 1 to 3% serum producing greater than 75% inhibition. The inhibitory serum was not cytotoxic by using a sensitive 51Cr release assay, and the suppressive effect was associated with histocompatibility differences between the BALB/c and C57BL/6 mating combination. Thus although pregnancy across strong H-2 differences acts as a poor in vivo inducer of the effector component of cellular immunity, the in vitro proliferative functions of spleen cells from pregnant mice are intrinsically normal, but may be modulated by factors present in pregnancy serum.
Detection of Postoperative Relapsing/Residual Cholesteatomas With Diffusion-Weighted Echo-Planar Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Purpose: To assess the capability of echo-planar diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (EPI-DWI) in diagnosing relapsing/residual cholesteatomas after canal wall-up mastoidectomy. Materials and Methods: In a blinded study design, we investigated with MRI, including standard spin-echo sequences, 18 patients evaluated with clinical examination and computed tomography (CT) suspected for relapsing/residual cholesteatoma 7 to 19 months after a canal wall-up mastoidectomy. Images were evaluated by two radiologists blinded to patients’ identities, CT findings, and clinical data set, who decided in a consensus agreement whether there was a pathologic signal increase in the petrous bone in a single-shot EPI-DWI sequence. All the patients underwent a second tympanoplasty or revision surgery of the mastoidectomy cavity within 15 days after magnetic resonance investigation. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were evaluated separately for standard sequences and EPI-DWI. Results: In EPI-DWI, five of six patients with cholesteatoma showed a bright signal, whereas those patients with a noncholesteatomatous tissue showed no anomalies. The only misdiagnosed cholesteatoma was a pearl 2 mm in diameter. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values, and negative predictive values of EPI-DWI in diagnosing relapsing/residual cholesteatomas were 86, 100, 100, and 92%, respectively. Conclusion: EPI-DWI may be a useful tool in differentiating between cholesteatomatous and noncholesteatomatous tissues after closed cavity mastoidectomy. Further investigations are, however, required to establish the practical utility of EPI-DWI on larger series as a screening modality in the follow-up after closed cavity mastoidectomies.
T2prep three‐dimensional spiral imaging with efficient whole brain coverage for myelin water quantification at 1.5 tesla

Quantitative assessment of myelination is important for characterizing tissue damage and evaluating response to therapy in white matter diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Conventional multicomponent T2 relaxometry based on the two‐dimensional (2D) multiecho spin echo sequence is a promising method to measure myelin water fraction, but its clinical utility is impeded by the prohibitively long data acquisition and limited brain coverage. The objective of this study was to develop a signal‐to‐noise ratio efficient 3D T2prep spiral gradient echo (3D SPIRAL) sequence for full brain T2 relaxometry and to validate this sequence using 3D multiecho spin echo as reference standard in healthy brains at 1.5 T. 3D SPIRAL was found to provide similar myelin water fraction in six selected white and gray matter areas using region‐of‐interest signal averaging analysis (N = 7, P > 0.05). While 3D multiecho spin echo only provided partial brain coverage, 3D SPIRAL enabled whole brain coverage with a fivefold higher acquisition speed per imaging slice and similar signal‐to‐noise ratio efficiency. Both 3D sequences provided superior signal‐to‐noise ratio efficiency when compared to the conventional 2D multiecho spin echo approach. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optical Coherence Tomography in Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases

Over the past decade, a surge of evidence has documented various pathological processes in the retina of patients suffering from mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and other neurodegenerative diseases. Numerous studies have shown that the retina, a central nervous system tissue formed as a developmental outgrowth of the brain, is profoundly affected by AD. Harboring the earliest detectable disease-specific signs, amyloid β-protein (Aβ) plaques, the retina of AD patients undergoes substantial ganglion cell degeneration, thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer, and loss of axonal projections in the optic nerve, among other abnormalities. More recent investigations described Aβ plaques in the retina located within sites of neuronal degeneration and occurring in clusters in the mid- and far-periphery of the superior and inferior quadrants, regions that had been previously overlooked. Diverse structural and/or disease-specific changes were also identified in the retina of PD, Huntington’s disease, and multiple sclerosis patients. The pathological relationship between the retina and brain prompted the development of imaging tools designed to noninvasively detect and monitor these signs in living patients. One such tool is optical coherence tomography (OCT), uniquely providing high-resolution two-dimensional cross-sectional imaging and three-dimensional volumetric measurements. As such, OCT emerged as a prominent approach for assessing retinal abnormalities in vivo, and indeed provided multiple parameters that allowed for the distinction between normal aged individuals and patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Beyond the use of retinal optical fundus imaging, which recently allowed for the detection and quantification of amyloid plaques in living AD patients via a wide-field view of the peripheral retina, a major advantage of OCT has been the ability to measure the volumetric changes in specified retinal layers. OCT has proven to be particularly useful in analyzing retinal structural abnormalities consistent with disease pathogenesis. In this review, we provide a summary of OCT findings in the retina of patients with AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Future studies should explore the combination of imaging early hallmark signs together with structural–functional biomarkers in the accessible retina as a practical means of assessing risk, disease progression, and therapeutic efficacy in these patients.