Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Blind Event Detection Method for Wireless Sensor Networks

Student's t-distribution is utilized to derive a novel method for event detection in wireless sensor networks. Numerical analysis is used to show that under the same conditions, the proposed event detection method is comparable to likelihood ratio-based detection method and that it significantly outperforms energy detection method in terms of detection performance. Moreover, the proposed method does not require perfect knowledge of noise variance to set up a decision threshold in terms of a false alarm probability as the likelihood ratio based detection and the energy detection do.
Differential Media for the Identification of Bacillus anthracis

Knisely, Ralph F. (U.S. Army Biological Laboratories, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Md.). Differential media for the identification of Bacillus anthracis. J. Bacteriol. 90:1778–1783. 1965. —Two new differential media for the identification of Bacillus anthracis are described. Phenethyl alcohol and chloral hydrate were used as selective ingredients. These media should aid in the differentiation of B. anthracis from B. cereus and, if used in conjunction with other differential tests, they should also differentiate B. anthracis from the majority of other aerobic sporeforming bacilli. These media might also be useful in the classification of Bacillus species.
The development & characteristics of a physical activity questionnaire for epidemiological studies in urban middle class Indians.

A single page physical activity questionnaire was designed for use in epidemiological studies. The questionnaire estimates 24 h energy expenditure as well as components of occupation and discretionary leisure time activities. Estimates of physical activity were highly repeatable, when the questionnaire was re-administered within a 4 wk period (e.g., r = 0.86, P < 0.01 for 24 h energy expenditure). Relative validity was assessed by comparing energy intake (using repeated 24 h dietary recalls) and expenditure (using the physical activity questionnaire) over the same period. A correlate of r = 0.33, P < 0.05 between the two measures compared well with reports from literature. The discriminatory power of the questionnaire was assessed by comparing the physical activity patterns of young (18-30 yr) and older (> 60 yr), free living healthy subjects. The questionnaire provides a tool for the assessment of physical activity patterns of urban middle class Indians, which despite its importance has been inadequately studied so far.
Effect of gemfibrozil on change in renal function in men with moderate chronic renal insufficiency and coronary disease.

BACKGROUND Limited data suggest that low levels of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and high levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins may be associated with more rapid rates of kidney function loss in individuals with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI). Although fibric acid derivatives increase serum HDL-C levels and decrease triglyceride levels, their effects on renal function are largely unknown. We conducted this study to determine whether gemfibrozil reduced rates of renal function loss in people with moderate CRI. METHODS This was a post hoc subgroup analysis in the Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Intervention Trial, a randomized double-blind trial of gemfibrozil versus placebo in 2,531 men with coronary disease, HDL-C levels of 40 mg/dL or less (< or =1.0 mmol/L), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels of 140 mg/dL or less (< or =3.6 mmol/L), and a range of triglyceride values. Moderate CRI is defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to 59.9 mL/min/1.73 m2 at baseline. Multivariate regression was used to calculate rates of decline in estimated GFR for individuals administered gemfibrozil or placebo, controlling for prospectively determined potential confounders. RESULTS Change in renal function could be calculated in 1,981 individuals, of whom 399 individuals (20.2%) were eligible for inclusion. Among 399 study subjects, the rate of change in renal function in the gemfibrozil group during a median of 61 months was not significantly different from that in the placebo group (0.49 mL/min/1.73 m2/y faster; 95% confidence interval, 0.09 slower to 1.09 faster; P = 0.10). No clinically relevant effect of gemfibrozil on renal function was observed in groups defined by baseline lipid levels, kidney function, diabetic status, or other components of the metabolic syndrome. The incidence of transient (10% versus 4%; P = 0.01), but not sustained (9% versus 4%; P = 0.07), increases in serum creatinine levels of 0.5 mg/dL or greater (> or =44 micromol/L) was significantly greater in the gemfibrozil group. However, in 5 subjects with acute increases in serum creatinine levels, serum creatine kinase levels were significantly elevated as well, suggesting that myocyte toxicity may have been responsible. Even when these individuals were excluded, no clinically significant effect of gemfibrozil on kidney function was observed. CONCLUSION Gemfibrozil does not appear to exert a clinically relevant effect on rates of kidney function loss in individuals with moderate CRI, low HDL-C levels, and concomitant coronary disease.
Successful treatment of cyclophosphamide induced intractable hemorrhagic cystitis with recombinant FVIIa (NovoSeven®) after allogenic bone marrow transplantation

than recorded in the world database. However comprehensive reporting from an individual center would suggest that the thrombosis rate is not increased. Australia uses Novoseven significantly later in massive hemorrhage than the rest of the world, which may conversely be contributory to an increase in thrombosis due to a poorer patient health status. Novoseven remains an effective and safe treatment of intractable bleeding. We would like to thank the Australian hematologists whom contributed to the database. References
Arterial stiffness, gender and heart rate

An enhanced level of importance is now being attached to the issue of arterial stiffening with age and in disease states. This has followed recognition that increased brachial systolic and pulse pressure in older individuals is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, and is attributable to arterial stiffening [1–3]. However, more precise indices of arterial stiffening, including central aortic systolic and pulse pressures [4], aortic pulse wave velocity [5] and central systolic pressure augmentation [6], have shown an even stronger association with cardiovascular events, independent of conventional risk factors.
Anti‐adrenal action of a subanaesthetic dose of etomidate

The effects of subanaesthetic doses of etomidate on corticosteroid synthesis have been studied in vivo. In the group of patients who received etomidate (n = 10), cortisol and aldosterone responses to adrenocorticotrophic hormone were blunted, while 11 de‐oxycortisol response was increased, as compared to a control group (n = 10). These results suggest that a single bolus of 0.04 mg/kg etomidate, which produces sedation, without loss of consciousness, is able to block adrenal 11 hydroxylase.
Implementation of Fiber Tract Navigation

OBJECTIVE: To implement fiber tracking in a common neuronavigation environment for routine clinical use to visualize major white matter tracts intraoperatively. METHODS: A single-shot, spin-echo diffusion weighted echo planar imaging sequence with six diffusion directions on a 1.5 T magnetic resonance scanner was used for diffusion tensor imaging. For three-dimensional (3-D) tractography, we applied a knowledge-based multiple volume of interest approach. Tracking was initiated in each voxel of the initial seed volume in retrograde and orthograde directions according to the direction of the major eigenvector by applying a tensor deflection algorithm. Tractography results were displayed as streamlines assigned direction encoding color. After selecting the fiber tract bundle of interest by defining inclusion and exclusion volumes, a 3-D object was generated automatically by wrapping the whole fiber tract bundle. This 3-D object was displayed along with other contours representing tumor outline and further functional data with the microscope heads-up display. RESULTS: In 16 patients (three cavernomas, 13 gliomas), major white matter tracts (pyramidal tract, n = 14; optic radiation, n = 2) were visualized intraoperatively with a standard navigation system. Three patients developed a postoperative paresis, which resolved in two in the postoperative course. Additional planning time for tractography amounted to up to 10 minutes. Comparing the tractography results with a fiber bundle generated on a different platform by applying a distortion-free sequence revealed a good congruency of the defined 3-D outlines in the area of interest. CONCLUSION: Fiber tract data can be reliably integrated into a standard neuronavigation system, allowing for intraoperative visualization and localization of major white matter tracts such as the pyramidal tract or optic radiation.
A systematic comparison of various thermal interface materials for applications with surface-mounted (DirectFETTM) MOSFETs

Increasing power densities of power electronics with reduced volume requires increased efforts in cooling as little surface and material are available for thermal conduction. A systematic comparison of the thermal resistance of a wide selection of thermal interface materials (TIMs) ranging from solid Al2O3 to elastomeric interface materials as well as thermal greases is investigated in this work. In contrast to the ideal testing conditions used by the TIM manufacturers, a practical application setup using a surface-mounted MOSFET (DirectFETTM) pressed on a heatsink is used. Thereby, additional influences on the thermal resistance due to surface finish or non-homogeneous pressure are considered in the results. The effective contacting area as well as different pressure levels are investigated. On the basis of a B6C converter bridge, it will be shown, how the proper choice of TIM affects the mechanical and thermal design of a converter.
Plasma homocysteine in polycystic ovary syndrome: does it correlate with insulin resistance and ethnicity?

background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with insulin resistance and premature coronary artery disease (CAD). Hyperhomocysteinaemia is a recognized risk factor for atherosclerosis, particularly among migrant South Asians, and has recently been shown to be correlated positively with the degree of insulin resistance/hyperinsulinaemia.
Detecting Biodiversity Hotspots by Species‐Area Relationships: a Case Study of Mediterranean Beetles

Abstract: Any method of identifying hotspots should take into account the effect of area on species richness. I examined the importance of the species‐area relationship in determining tenebrionid (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) hotspots on the Aegean Islands (Greece). Thirty‐two islands and 170 taxa (species and subspecies) were included in this study. I tested several species‐area relationship models with linear and nonlinear regressions, including power, exponential, negative exponential, logistic, Gompertz, Weibull, Lomolino, and He‐Legendre functions. Islands with positive residuals were identified as hotspots. I also analyzed the values of the C parameter of the power function and the simple species‐area ratios. Species richness was significantly correlated with island area for all models. The power function model was the most convenient one. Most functions, however, identified certain islands as hotspots. The importance of endemics in insular biotas should be evaluated carefully because they are of high conservation concern. The simple use of the species‐area relationship can be problematic when areas with no endemics are included. Therefore the importance of endemics should be evaluated according to different methods, such as percentages, to take into account different levels of endemism and different kinds of “endemics” (e.g., endemic to single islands vs. endemic to the archipelago). Because the species‐area relationship is a key pattern in ecology, my findings can be applied at broader scales.
High-Radix Division and Square-Root with Speculation

The speed of high-radix digit-recurrence dividers and square-root units is mainly determined by the complexity of the result-digit selection. We present a scheme in which a simpler function speculates the result digit, and, when this speculation is incorrect, a rollback or a partial advance is performed. This results in operations with a shorter cycle time and a variable number of cycles. The scheme can be used in separate division and square-root units, or in a combined one. Several designs were realized and compared in terms of execution time and area. The fastest unit considered is a radix-512 divider with a partial advance of six bits. >
Shear as a mechanism for sonically induced biological effects.

By controlled irradiation of erythrocyte suspensions at 20 kHz it is demonstrated that shear associated with acoustic microstreaming can be an important mechanism for biological effects of sound. Two effective sources of acoustic microstreaming are stable oscillating gas bubbles and transversely oscillating wires. The threshold displacement amplitude for achieving critical shear can be reduced by increasing the solvent viscosity and reducing the radius of the source of acoustic streaming. The threshold stress was found to decrease by 55% or more when the sample was heated to 45°C or higher for 10 min. This suggests that synergism exists between mechanical and thermal mechanisms for sonic effects. Mass transfer associated with small‐scale acoustic streaming controls the rate of cell disruption.
Antiviral treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infections: the past, the present and the future

A decade ago, standard therapy against chronic hepatitis B virus infections only consisted of lamivudine or IFN‐α. Treatment with lamivudine and IFN has been compounded by, respectively, the emergence of drug‐resistant virus strains and the appearance of serious side effects. In the last 10 years, hepatitis B treatment has made much progress. Several treatments are now licensed for the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B and others are under development. Here, we provide an overview of the potential and mode of action of anti‐HBV agents that are currently available, and/or may become available in the near future. Foremost among these newer compounds are adefovir dipivoxil, entecavir and telbivudine. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Voice communication through the internet for mobile devices

We developed an application to transmit voice through the Internet for communication of mobile devices in real time. It is explained the way of configuring a server and the clients (mobile terminals) for voice transmission over IP. The server is in charge of the system administration and the establishment and control of the proper connections to the clients. The clients are provided with the necessary programs to interact with the server. This application enhances the functionality of mobile devices without an extra cost of the service.
Factors associated with hospital-acquired hypoglycaemia among older people with type 2 diabetes

Article points 1. Hypoglycaemia remains a major obstacle to achieving appropriate glycaemic control in older adults with type 2 diabetes. 2. There is no clear consensus on factors contributing to hypoglycaemia specifically amongst older hospitalised people. 3. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between hypoglycaemia among 229 older inpatients and the various factors that have previously been identified in the general adult diabetes population. 4. Elevated blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels, hospital unit, healthcare professional work shift and the day of hospital stay were all positively associated with hypoglycaemia in this age group.
Quantum Well Mach–Zehnder Intensity Modulator With Enhanced Linearity for Direct Detection RF Photonic Link

The spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) of a direct-detection RF/photonic link is restricted by nonlinearity of the optical intensity modulation. We report a compact quantum well Mach–Zehnder (MZ) optical intensity modulator with enhanced linearity. The MZ modulator's linearity is improved by canceling the nonlinear distortions from the MZ interferometer and the optical phase modulation. The compact modulator is less than 4 mm long and has a Vπ of ∼5.5 volt. In an RF photonic link, the modulator helped to achieve an SFDR of 117 dB·Hz<sup>2/3 </sup> at 1 GHz with 1.4 mA photodetector photocurrent. A down-conversion RF photonic link using this modulator demonstrated an RF-to-IF SFDR of 108.1 dB·Hz<sup>2/3</sup>.
The Wheat Puroindoline Genes Confer Fungal Resistance in Transgenic Corn

Puroindoline a and b (Pina and Pinb), together make up the functional components of the wheat grain hardness locus (Ha) and have antimicrobial properties. The antifungal activity of puroindoline proteins, PINA and PINB, has been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. In this study, Pina and Pinb were introduced into corn under the control of a corn Ubiquitin promoter. Two Pina⁄Pinb expression–positive transgenic events were evaluated for resistance to Cochliobolus heterostrophus, the corn southern leaf blight (SLB) pathogen. Transgenic corn expressing Pins showed significantly increased tolerance to C. heterostrophus, averaging 42.1% reduction in symptoms. Pins are effective in vivo as antifungal proteins and could be valuable tools in corn SLB control. Introduction The puroindolines, Puroindoline a and b (Pina and Pinb), are the functional components of the wheat grain hardness locus (Ha) and control wheat kernel texture (Giroux and Morris 1998). The antifungal activity of PINs has been demonstrated in vitro against several fungal plant pathogens (Dubreil et al. 1998) and in vivo in transgenic rice (Krishnamurthy et al. 2001), apple (Faize et al. 2004) and wheat (Luo et al. 2007). Corn southern leaf blight (SLB), caused by the necrotrophic ascomycete Cochliobolus heterostrophus (Drechs.) Drechs. (anamorph = Bipolaris maydis (Nisikado) Shoemaker; synonym = Helminthosporium maydis Nisikado), is a serious foliar disease frequently found in warm and humid, corn-growing areas worldwide (White 1999). Race O of C. heterostrophus is the most common and predominant race in the United States and has the potential to decrease yield by 40% or more (Byrnes et al. 1989). Most SLB genetic resistance is quantitatively inherited, and the gene action is primarily additive or partially dominant and most U.S. germplasm is largely SLB resistant (Balint-Kurti et al. 2006, 2007, 2008). B73 is a historically important inbred line with high susceptibility to SLB (Carson et al. 2004). Corn does not naturally contain any Pins (Zhang et al. 2009). Both Pina and Pinb were introduced into HiII line, which is a hybrid created between the SLB susceptible inbreds A188 and B73 (Armstrong et al. 1991), and the resulting transgenic lines were backcrossed to B73 and their progeny lines were tested for SLB resistance. Materials and Methods
Transvaginal repair of pouch–vaginal fistula

The results of surgery for ileoanal pouch–vaginal fistula have been disappointing. Intra‐anal procedures result in fistula healing in, at best, approximately 50 per cent of patients. A transvaginal approach was developed to achieve direct access to the internal opening, enabling closure without damage to the anal sphincter.
DIGESTIÓN RUMINAL E INTESTINAL DEL MAÍZ (Zea mays) Y SORGO (Sorghum bicolor L. MOENCH) UTILIZANDO DIFERENTES TÉCNICAS DE DIGESTIBILIDAD (IN VIVO, IN VITRO E IN SACCO)

The knowledge of the digestibility of the food is basic to establish its nutritive value and bioavailability of the nutrients. Numerous laboratory tests have been used to estimate the ruminal and intestinal digestion of the food such as in vitro (Gas and Daisy production) and in sacco, to be compared with the in vivo method. Sorghum presented the highest (P <0.01) starch content, while the NDF was higher (P <0.01) for maize, the DDM was similar (P = 0.93) for both cereals, CP digestion was higher (P <0.01) for maize, whereas for rumen non-degradable protein and intestinal degradable protein, no differences (P> 0.05) were found between grains. With regard to the digestibility methods, the DMD was lower (P <0.01) for in vivo than the rest of the methods, the digestion of the CP in both rumen and intestine was higher (P> 0.01) for the in sacco and in vitro methods (Daisy). The production of VFA's was similar for both cereals. In situ and in vitro techniques (DaisyII®) allow the determination of digestibility quick and easy compared to conventional methods. Sorghum grinding improves its nutritional value by increasing its digestibility, which represents an alternative to maize for feeding calves for fattening.
Interactive Exploration for Domain Discovery on the Web

As the volume of information on the Web grows, it has become increasingly difficult to find web pages that are relevant to a specific domain or topic. In this paper, we explore the general question of how to assist users in the domain discovery process. Domain discovery entails the translation of a user’s information needs and conceptual view of a domain into a computational model that enables the identification and retrieval of relevant content from the Web. We discuss the challenges and propose an initial approach based on exploratory data analysis that combines techniques from information retrieval, machine learning and data mining to streamline domain discovery. We implemented the approach in an open-source tool and present the results of a preliminary evaluation.
Undifferentiated malignant neoplasms of the sinonasal tract.

CONTEXT The most commonly encountered malignant neoplasms of the sinonasal tract are the keratinizing and nonkeratinizing types of squamous cell carcinoma. However, this complex anatomic region may represent the site of aggressive, non-squamous cell epithelial and nonepithelial malignant neoplasms of varying histogenesis, which are grouped under the term undifferentiated malignant neoplasms. Frequently, these undifferentiated malignancies share clinical and light microscopic features, which makes differentiation of one from the other virtually impossible without the use of adjunct analyses (eg, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, or molecular biologic studies). These tumors often are clinically aggressive and usually fatal, despite all attempts at controlling disease. Nevertheless, differentiating these tumors has clinical import because advances in therapeutic intervention may increase survival with good quality of life, and in some instances may achieve a cure. OBJECTIVE To compare and contrast the clinical, light microscopic, and immunohistochemical features of sinonasal undifferentiated malignant neoplasms. DATA SOURCES Case-derived material and literature review. CONCLUSIONS A variety of undifferentiated malignant neoplasms occur in the sinonasal tract with overlapping clinical and pathologic findings. In limited biopsy material, differentiation of these tumor types can be challenging. The pathologist plays a primary role in establishing the correct diagnosis, which often necessitates the use of adjunct studies that allow for differentiating among these neoplasms.