Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preformed Properties for Marine Organic Matter and Carbonate Mineral Cycling Quantification

We estimate preformed ocean phosphate, nitrate, oxygen, silicate, and alkalinity by combining a reconstruction of ventilation pathways in the ocean interior with estimates of submixed layer properties. These new preformed property estimates are intended to aid biogeochemical cycling studies and validation of modeled preformed property distributions and are available online. Analyses of net property accumulations (observed minus preformed properties) indicate net remineralization ratios in the ocean interior of [1 P]: [14.1 ± 0.6 N]: [−141 ± 12 O2]: [95 ± 25 Si]: [89 ± 9 TA]. These ratios imply that the interior ocean stores 1,300 (±230) PgC through organic matter remineralization and 540 (±60) PgC through carbonate mineral dissolution and that apparent oxygen utilization can overestimate the interior ocean oxygen consumption by ~25%. Further, only 4 (±1%) and 46 (±5%) of the total alkalinity accumulated from carbonate mineral dissolution are found in seawater that is supersaturated with respect to the aragonite and calcite mineral forms of calcium carbonate, respectively. These small excess alkalinity inventories are due to smaller volumes of the supersaturated water masses and shorter ventilation timescales, as carbonate mineral dissolution rates appear nearly independent of depth and saturation state.
Comment on “The long life of unicorns”

misconceptions may persist in the to these misconstrued as (i.e., mythical creatures with no basis in reality). the of critical to this and that are important. The use of war metaphors in cancer research is well documented. In there is a to take this to the “next level,” from the original “magic bullet” concept to contemporary variations on the same theme such as “smart bombs” and “stealth nanobombers” (2). the constant use of the word “smart” in reference to nanoparticles developed for clinical applications misguided (as a material is neither dumb nor smart, it is just a material). In scientific papers that overpromise also tend to underdeliver. Similarly, the overinsistent use of “novelty” is hardly helpful (3). Yet, the is used over and over again (if an author the phrase “for the first time” in the introduction, and discussion of an article, this is a sure that the are not
IXPE DU-FM ions-UV filters characterization

IXPE (Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer) is a NASA SMEX in a partnership with ASI. The focal plane Detector Units (DUs) and the Detector Service Unit (DSU) were developed by the Italian research Institutes INAF-IAPS and INFN and were manufactured by OHB-I. IXPE will investigate X-ray polarimetry in the 2-8 keV energy band. The payload comprises three identical telescopes, each composed of a mirror and a detector unit with an X-ray polarimeter based on the Gas Pixel Detector (GPD). A stray-light collimator (SLC) is mounted on the top of the DU to shield the GPD from background X-rays not coming from the optics. At the bottom of the SLC, an ions-UV filter is mounted to reduce the thermal load and to prevent ions and UV from entering the DU. The ions-UV filters consist mainly of 1 um LUXFilm (based on polyimide). During on-ground calibration activities of the IXPE DUs, X-ray transparency of DU-FM ions-UV filters was measured with monochromatic X-ray at 2.7 keV and 6.4 keV at INAF-IAPS.
Study of coronary artery disease in young population of Central India

Background: Coronary heart disease is the most common indication among cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and a major cause of mortality and morbidity. According to global burden of disease study estimates, nearly 24.8% of all deaths in India are attributable to CVD. Objectives of the current research study were to establish a correlation between varied risk factors and coronary artery disease (CAD), to determine angiographic characteristics individually in patients with multiple risk factors and to evaluate number of vessels involved in CAD.Methods: Present study was a prospective study conducted on 50 patients with acute coronary syndrome below 40 yrs of age admitted at the department of cardiology, Superspeciality hospital, NSCB medical college, Jabalpur. All patients included in the study were subjected to coronary angiography. The angiographic characteristics such as extent of CAD (characterized by the number of vessels with angiographic lesions) were determined.Results: Current study findings depicted that most of CAD patients were in age group of 36-40 years. Proportion of males was higher than females. One-fifth of patients were diabetics and 34.0% were hypertensive. It was observed that 54.0% CAD patients had history of smoking and 32.0% had history of premature CAD. Most of patients exhibited single vessel disease in CAG and left anterior descending (LAD) was the most commonly involved artery.Conclusions: Smoking was concluded as one of the major risk factor associated with CAD and most of patients exhibited single vessel disease, LAD being the most commonly involved artery. Significant number of patients with family history depicted high risk for CAD. Males were concluded to be more prone to CAD at younger age.
Transparent conducting zinc oxide thin films doped with aluminum and molybdenum

Undoped ZnO, ZnO:Al (0.5, 1, and 2wt% Al2O3), and ZnO:Mo (2wt% Mo) films were deposited by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. Optimal deposition temperature was found to be ∼200°C for all films. Electron mobilities of 48cm2V−1s−1 were achieved for undoped ZnO films using a sputtering gas with H2∕Ar ratio of 0.3%; corresponding carrier concentrations were ∼3×1019cm−3. A target incorporating 0.5wt% Al2O3 in ZnO yielded films with mobility of 36cm2V−1s−1 and carrier concentration of 3.4×1020cm−3. These films present comparable conductivity and lower free-carrier absorption than films grown from a target containing 2wt% Al2O3. Mo was found to be an n-type dopant of ZnO, though electrical and optical properties were inferior to those of ZnO:Al. Temperature-dependent Hall measurements of ZnO:Al films show evidence of a different scattering mechanism than ZnO:Mo films.
FACILE SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GRAPHENE NANOSHEETS

Graphene nanosheets were produced in large quantity via a soft chemistry synthetic route involving graphite oxidation, ultrasonic exfoliation, and chemical reduction. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations show that graphene nanosheets were produced with sizes in the range of tens to hundreds of square nanometers and ripple-like corrugations. High resolution TEM (HRTEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analysis confirmed the ordered graphite crystal structure of graphene nanosheets. The optical properties of graphene nanosheets were characterized by Raman spectroscopy.
Exploring the Cloud Top Phase Partitioning in Different Cloud Types Using Active and Passive Satellite Sensors

One of the largest uncertainties in numerical weather prediction and climate models is the representation of mixed‐phase clouds. With the aim of understanding how the supercooled liquid fraction (SLF) in clouds with temperature from −40°C to 0°C is related to temperature, geographical location, and cloud type, our analysis contains a comparison of four satellite‐based datasets (one derived from active and three from passive satellite sensors), and focuses on SLF distribution near‐globally, but also stratified by latitude and continental/maritime regions. Despite the warm bias in cloud top temperature of the passive sensor compared to the active sensor and the phase mismatch in collocated data, all datasets indicate, at the same height‐level, an increase of SLF with cloud optical thickness, and generally larger SLF in the Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern Hemisphere (up to about 20% difference), with the exception of continental low‐level clouds, for which the opposite is true.
HARMONI first light spectroscopy for the ELT: geometrical calibration in the data reduction software

HARMONI is the first light visible and near-IR integral field spectrograph for the ELT. It covers a large spectral range from 450nm to 2450nm with resolving powers from R (≡λ/Δλ) 3500 to 18000 and spatial sampling from 60mas to 4mas. It can operate in two Adaptive Optics modes - SCAO (including a High Contrast capability) and LTAO - or with NOAO. The project is preparing for Final Design Reviews. HARMONI slices the input light beam in subfields and then into slitlets and rearranges them to obtain spectra on its detectors. The Data Reduction software (DRS) handles calibration and scientific raw data from HARMONI and computes a fully reduced and calibrated science data cube. The challenge is to develop robust methods suitable for each of the 44 scale/band combinations of HARMONI. The geometrical calibration, one of the steps of the DRS, determines the coordinate transformation from detector pixels to wavelength and relative spatial position in the input focal plane. This paper provides a mathematical description of the algorithms involved in the geometrical calibration and presents validations on mock data simulated with the HARMONI Instrument Numerical Model (HINM). Briefly, to cope with a possible overlap of slitlets, we locate the slitlets using a global fitting method on flat-field exposures. The wavelength solution is computed using arc exposures. To compute the geometrical transformation we choose to use specific masks illuminated with a white continuum lamp. A trace mask exposure provides the transformation along the slitlets. A pinhole mask exposure determines the transformation in the perpendicular direction by fitting the flux within each slitlet.
The Stark Effect Of The Hydrogen Balmer α Line — A Versatile Tool For Plasma Diagnostics

This paper summarizes the results of experiments carried out within about a decade in the Atomic and Plasma Physics group at Kiel University. These experiments aimed for the calibration of the Stark effect of Hydrogen spectral lines with special emphasis on the first line of the Balmer‐series. Broadening, shift and splitting constants obtained by independent diagnostic techniques provide the possibility to use the Stark effect of the Hydrogen lines as a tool for plasma diagnostics over a wide range of electron densities and electric field strengths. Moreover they may be used to check the theoretical calculations of the respective constants.
The effect of cigarette smoking on choroidal vasculature measured by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA)

Background: Cigarette smoking has been associated with low blood velocity of ophthalmic artery, while systolic blood pressure has been positively correlated with velocities in the ophthalmic artery and the central retinal artery. These effects are the result of interaction of nicotine-induced peripheral vasoconstriction and vasodilation caused by carbon monoxide in smokers. OCTA is a novel, noninvasive scanning technology which allow visualizing of the retinal and choroidal circulation. It permits assessing the retinal vasculature layer by layer and allows physicians to take images of the deep capillary plexus with no dye injection.Methods: retrospective case control study included 100 participants (50 smokers and 50 healthy nonsmokers) recruited from Ophthalmology Department in Beni -Suef University Hospital. Participants were equally divided into two groups: Group (1): Included 50 smokers otherwise healthy. Group (2): Included 50 normal subjects (nonsmokers) used as control. Both groups underwent OCTA study.Results: A highly significant statistical difference between both groups regarding smoking duration, while age and gender were of no significant. No statistical difference between both groups regarding perfusion within retinal layers between both groups as recorded in whole image. Age, IOP and neovascularization were positively, correlated with duration of smoking, perfusion and choroidal thicknesses in all areas were negatively correlated with duration of smoking. Conclusion: We did not find a significant difference in choroidal blood flow, vessel density, or choroidal thickness measurements between the study and control groups in a chronic period. We also noticed that OCTA is a good new noninvasive procedure for imaging choroidal circulation.
Recent developments of metal oxide semiconductors as photocatalysts in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for treatment of dye waste-water

The textile industry presents a global pollution problem owing to the dumping or accidental discharge of dye waste-water into waterways, which is having a major impact on the quality and aesthetics of water resources. The World Bank estimates that 17 to 20% of industrial water pollution comes from textile dyeing and treatment. This percentage represents an appalling environmental challenge for clothing designers and other textile manufacturers. Recently, the application of metal oxide semiconductors in the advanced oxidation process (AOP) has gained wide interest for the treatment of dye waste-water owing to its good degradation efficiency, low toxicity and physical and chemical properties. AOP refers to a set of chemical treatment procedures designed to remove organic and inorganic materials from waste-water by oxidation. In this paper, recently developed metal oxide semiconductors are discussed, in which the semiconductors are generally divided into three categories: (i) titanium dioxide; (ii) zinc oxide; and (iii) other metal oxides (such as vanadium oxide, tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, indium oxide and cerium oxide). The syntheses and modification methods as well as the efficiency of each category are discussed and analyzed. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Opinions of Future Prospective Teachers on Coding Technique

The use of technology in education has increased rapidly in recent years, and one of these is coding training. Rapid changes have been observed in coding education in recent years. Many countries have added coding-related lessons to their curricula. There are studies about coding education that realise the learning of individuals at a very young age. This rapid change raises many questions for researchers. In this rapidly developing age, the views of prospective teacher candidates on coding are very important. With this study, it is aimed to discover the thoughts of prospective teachers of the Computer and Instructional Technologies Education department on coding education. For this purpose, qualitative data were obtained from 25 pre-service Computer and Instructional Technologies Education teacher candidates with case study method in Northern Cypriot, Russian and Kazakhstani universities. Selections were made based on volunteering among the pre-service teachers who took coding lessons. In this study, the data were collected with the semi-structured interview technique, which was developed considering the purpose of the research. Qualitative content analysis was used in the analysis of the data obtained. The results obtained in the research process revealed that the needs of pre-service teachers regarding the coding education were lacking and the number of coding courses should be increased.
High Aspect Ratio Deep Via Holes in InP Etched Using Cl2 / Ar Plasma

Dry etching of InP using a Cl 2 /Ar plasma generated by an electron cyclotron resonance source has been studied. A fast InP etch rate (2.7 μm/min) with vertical profile and smooth surface morphology was achieved at room temperature for via holes that are 30 μm wide and 110 μm deep. InP etch rate has been found to increase with microwave power, temperature, RF power, and pressure. The results indicate that high temperature is not necessary to etch InP using Cl 2 /Ar when the reactive species densities are high at high microwave power. Compared to other compound semiconductors, InP has the highest etch rate, followed by GaAs, GaInAs, GaAlAs, and AlInAs. In situ monitoring using mass spectrometry was used to provide precise control of the etch initiation time and the etch depth. Etch initiation time was found to decrease with ion energy. Since devices based on via holes usually have Ti/Au metallization layer on the front side, the 101 PCl 2 + and 155 TiCl 3 + signals were used for end point detection. Etching can be controlled to stop with <50 nm Ti removed after reaching the bottom of the InP via holes.
Harvesting Lost Photons: Plasmon and Upconversion Enhanced Broadband Photocatalytic Activity in Core@Shell Microspheres Based on Lanthanide‐Doped NaYF4, TiO2, and Au

Efficiently harvesting solar energy for photocatalysis remains very challenging. Rational design of architectures by combining nanocomponents of radically different properties, for example, plasmonic, upconversion, and photocatalytic properties, offers a promising route to improve solar energy utilization. Herein, the synthesis of novel, plasmonic Au nanoparticle decorated NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+, Tm3+‐core@porous‐TiO2‐shell microspheres is reported. They exhibit high surface area, good stability, broadband absorption from ultraviolet to near infrared, and excellent photocatalytic activity, significantly better than the benchmark P25 TiO2. The enhanced activity is attributed to synergistic effects from nanocomponents arranged into the nanostructured architecture in such a way that favors the efficient charge/energy transfer among nanocomponents and largely reduced charge recombination. Optical and energy‐transfer properties are modeled theoretically to support our interpretations of catalytic mechanisms. In addition to yielding novel materials and interesting properties, the current work provides physical insights that can contribute to the future development of plasmon‐enhanced broadband catalysts.
Hydraulic redistribution buffers climate variability and regulates grass‐tree interactions in a semiarid riparian savanna

Anticipating the ability of ecosystems to maintain functional integrity across predicted altered precipitation regimes remains a grand ecohydrological challenge. Overstory trees and understory grasses within semiarid savannas vary in their structure and sensitivity to environmental pressures, underscoring the need to examine the ecohydrological implications of this climatic variability. Whereas precipitation has long been recognized as a key driver of landscape ecohydrology, understanding a site's hydraulic redistribution regime (the balance in downward and upward movement of water and the seasonality of these bidirectional flows) may be equally important to understanding moisture availability to vegetation in these dryland ecosystems. As a result, we linked measures of ecosystem‐scale carbon exchange, overstory tree sap flux and leaf‐level gas exchange to understory whole‐plot and leaf‐level carbon and water exchange within intact and trenched plots (isolating trees from grasses) in a riparian savanna ecosystem. We maintained measurements across 2 years with distinct precipitation regimes. We found that interannual precipitation variability yielded a categorical shift in the directionality and magnitude of the hydraulic redistribution regime—even within this single site. Additionally, we found that connectivity between overstory trees and understory grasses through hydraulic redistribution created a short period of competition within an average rain year but that facilitation of understory function by overstory trees was much greater and lasted longer during drier years. Together, these findings suggest that hydraulic redistribution can serve as a hydrologic buffer against interannual precipitation variability. Given current climate projections of more variable precipitation within and across years, understanding how hydraulic redistribution regimes vary through time will greatly enhance our capacity to anticipate future ecohydrological function.
Zinc ferrite–PVA nanocomposite and removal of chromium from aqueous solution

Nanosize zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) was prepared by coprecipitation of zinc and iron hydroxides and subsequent calcinations at 500°C. This was characterised by X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopic techniques. Nanosize ZnFe2O4 (5 wt%) was dispersed in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution and, on evaporation, a film of 1-mm thickness was formed. A PVA film of same dimension was also made. The film was characterised by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and electrical conductivity measurement methods. This film was used to remove Cr6+ from dichromate solution and it was found that the method was quite effective and pH-dependent.
Effect of carbon nanotubes on the critical buckling load of composite reinforced aluminium columns: An experimental approach

Article Type Original Research An experimental study is presented on the critical buckling load of aluminum columns reinforced with glass/epoxy composite belts containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in this paper. The columns with solid circular cross-section are subjected to axial pressure load. Aluminum column specimens are reinforced with glass/epoxy and CNT/glass/epoxy. CNTs with 0.25, 0.5, and 1 weight percent are dispersed into the epoxy resin. Three layers of composite belts are wrapped around the columns. Glass fibers are placed along the column axes in each layer. The columns are tested under fixed end boundary condition using Instron hydraulic universal testing machine. Pressure load with respect to the end shortening is plotted for each specimen. To achieve the average value of the critical buckling load, four specimens are examined for each composite belt material. Results show that when 0.5% CNT/glass/epoxy composite belt is used to reinforce the column, the critical buckling load of the column increases by 45% with respect to the column with glass/epoxy composite belt. The proper dispersion of CNTs into the matrix material along with appropriate adhesion between the nanocomposite belt and the aluminum column leads to the increase of buckling load. To validate the results, buckling analysis of aluminum column reinforced with glass/epoxy composite belt was done in Abaqus finite element software. Finite element simulation confirms the experimental results obtained. Authors Raeisi 1 M. MSc, Shaterzadeh *1 A. PhD, Hosseini Farrash 2 S.M. PhD,
Mussel-inspired polydopamine-enabled in situ-synthesized silver nanoparticle-anchored porous polyacrylonitrile nanofibers for wound-healing applications

Abstract Wound dressing materials should be biocompatible, bactericidal, porous and mechanically strong. Moreover, the use of cost-effective and environmentally friendly materials is also important for developing wound dressing materials. However, developing scaffolds with all desired properties remains challenging. Herein, we have developed a porous polyacrylonitrile (PPAN) membrane modified by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with mussel-inspired polydopamine (PDA) assistance. Polydopamine (PDA) assisted in coating the antibacterial AgNPs uniformly in a size-controlled manner. Additionally, physiochemical properties such as the hydrophilicity and mechanical properties of the PAN membrane were enhanced. The resulting antibacterial membrane was tested for biocompatibility and antibacterial properties. The results showed that the AgNPs-functionalized membrane was biocompatible with fibroblast cells and had bactericidal effects on both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. In summary, this paper presents an approach for improving the physiochemical properties of cost-effective electrospun PAN membranes together with biocompatibility and targeted antibacterial properties. Graphical Abstract