Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simple Fabrication of an Inexpensive Impedance Based Sensor for Contamination Detection

Escherichia Coli (E-coli) is a bacterium commonly found in the environment, foods and intestines of people and animal. The presence of E-coli in water can severely threaten human health condition. The quality of drinking water is vital and avoid using contaminated water is a must. In fact, the water that contaminated by E-coli is cannot easily be detected by physical observation. Dedicated ways used to detect the presence of E-coli are required. The current techniques available are quite bulky in size, also require high expenses and professional training operation. With these limitation, new technique is proposed which are considerably low-cost and user friendly device in detecting presence of E-coli. The fabrication of impedance based sensor using interdigitated electrode (IDE) and Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as sensor package have been done in this study. The impedance response of the proposed sensor have been observed using impedance analyser. Based on the observation, the sensor device able to differentiate the sample’s condition tested in frequency of 1000 Hz until 3000 Hz, but no significant changes observed at the higher frequency range. With the initial results obtained, the proposed device was demonstrated being able to distinguish different E-coli concentration.
Dragons of the Deep Sea: Kinorhyncha Communities in a Pockmark Field at Mozambique Channel, With the Description of Three New Species

Cold seep areas are extremely reduced habitats with spatiotemporal variation of hydrocarbon-rich fluid seepage, low oxygen levels, and great habitat heterogeneity. Cold seeps can create circular to ellipsoid shallow depressions on the seafloor called pockmarks. We investigated two selected pockmarks, characterized by different gas emission, and two sites outside these geological structures at the Mozambique Channel to understand whether and how their environmental conditions affect the kinorhynch fauna in terms of density, richness, and community composition. A total of 11 species have been found living in the studied area, of which three are new species: Fissuroderes cthulhu sp. nov., Fujuriphyes dagon sp. nov., and Fujuriphyes hydra sp. nov. Densities outside the pockmarks are low and regularly decrease from the upper sediment layers, whereas inside the pockmarks, density reaches its highest value at layer 1–2 cm, strongly decreasing along the vertical profile from this depth. Areas under pockmark influence and locations outside pockmarks are similar in terms of species richness, but kinorhynchs showed a significant remarkable higher density at the pockmark sites. Additionally, species composition changes between habitats (inside and outside pockmarks) and between the two sampled pockmarks, with most of the species restricted to one of the studied habitats, except for Condyloderes sp. and Echinoderes unispinosus present both outside and inside the pockmarks. Echinoderes hviidarum, E. unispinosus, and Fi. cthulhu sp. nov., present at sites with gas emission, do not only survive under the specific pockmark conditions (characterized by hydrogen sulfide toxicity, methane high concentration, and low availability of dissolved oxygen) but even profit from a habitat with a likely lower competition for space and resources, flourishing and enhancing the density, most likely through the replacement with specialized species. Contrarily, species that only appear outside the pockmarks do not seem to cope with the presence of hydrogen sulfide and methane. Therefore, environmental factors linked to gas emissions have a major role driving the kinorhynch community composition.
Significant Die-Shift Reduction and μLED Integration Based on Die-First Fan-Out Wafer-Level Packaging for Flexible Hybrid Electronics

Typical die shift is beyond several tens micrometers or more, which is a serious problem on advanced fan-out wafer-level packaging (FOWLP), to give inevitable misalignment errors in the subsequent photolithography processes for fine-pitch redistributed wiring layer (RDL) formation. In particular, this problem is expected to grow all the more serious in chiplets and tiny dies less than 1 mm in a side. In this work, the use of an anchoring layer is proposed to fix these dies/chiplets on a double-side laminate thermo-release tape and drastically reduce the die shift. In addition, an on-nail photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensor module as a part of flexible hybrid electronics (FHE) is integrated with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>LED (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$270\,\,\mu \text{m}\,\,\times 270\,\,\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) based on a die-first FOWLP methodology using a biocompatible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mold resin for real-time monitoring pulse wave and percutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO<sub>2</sub>). The repeated bendability of fan-out Au wirings formed on the PDMS and the current–voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) behavior of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>LED before and after die embedment in the PDMS is characterized.
Transcriptomic Analysis of the Kuruma Prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus Reveals Possible Peripheral Regulation of the Ovary

Crustacean reproduction has been hypothesized to be under complex endocrinological regulation by peptide hormones. To further improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying this complex regulation, knowledge is needed regarding the hormones not only of the central nervous system (CNS) such as the X-organ/sinus gland (XOSG), brain, and thoracic ganglia, but also the peripheral gonadal tissues. For example, in vertebrates, some gonadal peptide hormones including activin, inhibin, follistatin, and relaxin are known to be involved in the reproductive physiology. Therefore, it is highly likely that some peptide factors from the ovary are serving as the signals among peripheral tissues and central nervous tissues in crustaceans. In this work, we sought to find gonadal peptide hormones and peptide hormone receptors by analyzing the transcriptome of the ovary of the kuruma prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus. The generated ovarian transcriptome data led to the identification of five possible peptide hormones, including bursicon-α and -β, the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH)-like peptide, insulin-like peptide (ILP), and neuroparsin-like peptide (NPLP). Dominant gene expressions for the bursicons were observed in the thoracic ganglia and the ovary, in the CNS for the CHH-like peptide, in the heart for NPLP, and in the ovary for ILP. Since the gene expressions of CHH-like peptide and NPLP were affected by a CHH (Penaeus japonicus sinus gland peptide-I) from XOSG, we produced recombinant peptides for CHH-like peptide and NPLP using Escherichia coli expression system to examine their possible peripheral regulation. As a result, we found that the recombinant NPLP increased vitellogenin gene expression in incubated ovarian tissue fragments. Moreover, contigs encoding putative receptors for insulin-like androgenic gland factor, insulin, neuroparsin, and neuropeptide Y/F, as well as several contigs encoding orphan G-protein coupled receptors and receptor-type guanylyl cyclases were also identified in the ovarian transcriptome. These results suggest that reproductive physiology in crustaceans is regulated by various gonadal peptide hormones, akin to vertebrates.
Genetic consequences of in situ and ex situ conservation of forest trees

To counteract loss of genetic diversity crucial for current and future tree improvement, tree breeders have conserved forest genetic resources in situ in their natural ecosystems in protected areas or ex situ in plantations, seed orchards, and breeding arboreta. This article reviews the genetic consequences of these two conservation methods in terms of single-locus and multilocus population structure from electrophoretic studies of natural forests and breeding populations. Although natural forest populations have maintained high level of genetic diversity and exhibited low level of population differentiation, loss of genetic diversity would occur during the entire conservation process, from population establishment to management of breeding and production populations. Since forest trees are still at their earliest stage of domestication in Canada, loss of genetic diversity comes primarily from the initial sampling process during population establishment. We discuss the optimal sampling strategy during pop.
Thermogenic Capacity of Shrews (Mammalia, Soricidae) and Its Relationship with Basal Rate of Metabolism

The existence of a link between the thermogenic capacity and the basal rate of metabolism (BMR) in mammals is still a matter of controversy. However, the question is important because of its evolutionary and ecological implications. The relationship between thermogenic capacity (estimated by both summit metabolism V̇o2 sum and maximal nonshivering thermogenesis [NSTmax]) and BMR was examined in shrews by comparing values obtained in 12 species from temperate and tropical climates. The analysis was carried out with methods that account for the phylogenetic relationship among species. Measured V̇o2 sum was higher in temperate species, regardless of their BMR level. This resulted in a greatly improved cold tolerance; on the average there was a 20° C difference between temperate and tropical species in the lower lethal ambient temperature. The NSTmax values were not different between the climatic groups, and they were close to the expected values. The analysis of these results suggests that the level of BMR and the thermogenic capacity are not correlated; therefore thermoregulatory needs cannot explain the high BMRs observed in shrews. The generality of this conclusion and its implications for a theory on the evolution of homeothermy in mammals are discussed.
Heavy metal contamination in vegetables grown around peri-urban and urban-industrial clusters in Ghaziabad, India

ABSTRACT Heavy metal contamination of agricultural soils resulting from rapid industrialization and urbanization is of great concern because of potential health risk due to dietary intake of contaminated vegetables. The present study aims to evaluate the status of heavy metals contamination of agricultural soils and food crops around an urban-industrial region in India. Transfer factor values of Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd, Zn, and Ni from soil to vegetable was estimated. The mean heavy metal concentrations (mg/kg) in agricultural soils (Cu: 17.8, Cr: 27.3, Pb: 29.8, Cd: 0.43, Zn: 87, Mn: 306.6, Fe: 16984, and Ni: 53.8) were within allowable concentrations for Indian agricultural soil. The concentrations of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Ni in crops/vegetables exceeded the World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization safe limits. Relative orders of transfer of metals from soil to edible parts of the crops/vegetables were Cd > Pb > Ni > Zn > Cu > Cr. The enrichment factors of heavy metals in soil indicated minor to moderately severe enrichment for Pb, Cd, and Ni; minor to moderate enrichment for Zn; no enrichment to minor enrichment for Mn; and no enrichment to moderate enrichment for Cu at different sites. Ecological risk index of soil showed considerable contamination in one of the wastewater irrigated sites.
Impact Analysis on Disaster Data for Disaster Risk Reduction from Multiple Stakeholders Perspective

Currently, the process in Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) relies heavily on geospatial information defined as information contained in topographic maps, thematic maps, plans, charts and satellite images. The preparation and use of geospatial information involve parties such as custodians, data providers, users and vendors. However, nonspatial data also crucial in DRR. Due to different data formats, sizes and type of both spatial and nonspatial data, data processing becomes more complex and time-consuming. Furthermore, some supplied data are lack of specific reasoning behind it. As a result, a volume of spatial and nonspatial data keep piling up daily without any beneficial utilisation. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the impact of disaster-related data of both spatial and nonspatial that contribute to DRR from multiple stakeholders’ perspective. The research is conducted through a focus group discussion (FGD) interview with a total of 54 agencies that involve in DRR in Selangor State, Malaysia. Based on the findings, vulnerability data is the most impactful data for DRR, followed by base data, hazard data, exposure data and risk impact assessment data. The findings from this study will provide the DRR data priority list from various agencies perspective, which can help to anticipated is asters or at least reduce the risk of disaster. This could also assist the relevant agencies to prepare for DRR management more proactively.
Electrical characterization of n-type cylindrical gate all around nanowire junctionless transistor with SiO2 and high-k dielectrics

In this work, the electrical characteristics of n-type cylindrical gate all around (GAA) nanowire junctionless transistors (NWJLT) of different gate oxides are investigated and analyzed. Silicon dioxide (SiO<inf>2</inf>) and two high-k dielectrics which are silicon nitride (Si<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf>) and hafnium dioxide (HfO<inf>2</inf>) were used in this study. GAANWJLT of different gate lengths (L<inf>G</inf>) and nanowire diameter (d<inf>NW</inf>) were simulated, compared and analyzed to obtain the most optimum device. SDE and Sdevice tools of Sentaurus TCAD were used to simulate and extract the electrical properties of the proposed devices. It was found that GAANWJLT with high-k dielectrics significantly exhibits better electrical properties than with SiO<inf>2</inf> due to increase in internal fringe capacitance of the gate dielectric layer. SCEs were considerably improved as the gate-to-channel capacitance reduced. It was found that, for L<inf>G</inf> of 7 nm and d<inf>NW</inf> of 6 nm GAANWJLT, device with HfO<inf>2</inf> exhibits better electrical properties with more than 2-fold elevated in I<inf>ON</inf>/I<inf>OFF</inf> ratio and about 15% improvement in SS than the conventional device with SiO<inf>2</inf>. It proves that GAANWJLT with HfO<inf>2</inf> exhibits the most optimum electrical characteristics among the three devices, hence the best alternative to improve SCEs as well as to increase the switching speed of the transistor devices.
16-bit Fault Tolerant Sparse Kogge Stone Adder using 0.18μm CMOS Technology

Fault-tolerant architecture plays a crucial role in the safety and mission-critical application such as space and medical application. These applications require high reliability to maintain continuous operation without fault. The tremendous increase in the integration density and the downscaling of the nanotechnology cause the system exposed to the soft error more frequently. This project concerns the development of a 16-bit fault tolerant sparse Kogge Stone Adder (KSA) by implementing Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) approach. The results show that the fault tolerability had been greatly improved at almost double the masking rate of the adder alone and can be operated at the maximum frequency of 166.67 MHz. Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) implementation using Silterra 0.18 μm CMOS technology is conducted using Synopsys Electronic Design Automation tools.
Analysis of the Effect of Soil Thermal Resistivity on High-Voltage Cables Sizing

The determination of the ampacity of high voltage cables is most often done by standard, rather than measured values of soil thermal resistivity, as shown by a study published in a CIGRE technical brochure [1]. Since the sizing approach is generally conservative, cables tend to operate far below their transmission capacity [2]. The progressive increase of load, as well as the employment of cables in bulk power transmission requires a good knowledge of their thermal behavior as early as at the design stage, and the large capital investments require their optimum operation and the use of their full transmission capacity without risk of thermal failure. This paper presents case studies on the sensitivity of cable ampacity to soil thermal resistivity and analyzes the need for experimental verification to more accurately identify the initial computational conditions [3].
Selection of Virulent Phenotypes from an Original Race 3 Population of Heterodera Glycines by Resistant Cultivars

The soybean cyst nematode(SCN,Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) occurs in many soybean producing countries,and the soybean cyst nematode race 3 is most prevalent in Heilongjiang Province.An SCN race 3 population originally collected from a field in Heilongjiang Province was cultured in pots separately on eight SCN-resistant varieties(Harbinxiaoheidou,Huipizhiheidou,Peking,Kangxian 1,Kangxian 2,Kangxian 3,Kangxian 4,and Kangxian 5) for 10 generations in 2005-2008.The resulting populations were analyzed for their parasitic ability on the four race differential lines Pickett,Peking,PI 88788,and PI 90763.The original SCN race 3 population changed to race 6 after 10 generations of continuous culture on Kangxian 1,Kangxian 2,Kangxian 3,Kangxian 4,and Kangxian 5;to race 10 on Huipizhiheidou;to race 14 on Peking;and to race 15 on Harbinxiaoheidou.The above-mentioned identification results indicated that new SCN races were generated from the original species after forcibly propagation on resistant varieties,which can even become susceptible,thus we conclude that rotation is an effective way to maintain the resistance stability of the resistant varieties in soybean production.
A methodology for the design of reliable vehicles in the concept stage

Pri tako močni svetovni konkurenci je bistveno, da imajo motoma vozila veliko zanesljivost. Eden od načinov za doseganje tega cilja je metodologija načrtovanja zanesljivosti vozil. Stopnja načrtovanja je najbolj pomembna v dobi trajanja motornih vozil. Načrtovanje zanesljivosti v okviru faze načrtovanja je v neposredni povezavi z zanesljivostjo motornega vozila. Problem praktične metodologije za načrtovanje zanesljivosti motornih vozil je bil rešen z razvojem postopkov za ta namen. Osnova razvite metodologije predstavlja sodoben pristop k načrtovanju, ki zajema faze zasnove, predhodnega in glavnega načrtovanja z uporabo metode za načrtovanja zanesljivosti v teh fazah. Zaradi razpoložljivega prostora ta prispevek daje poudarek fazam zasnove načrtovanja zanesljivosti vozil. © 2007 Strojniški vestnik. Vse pravice pridržane. (Ključne besede: motorna vozila, zanesljivost vozil, načrtovanje zanesljivosti, numerično simuliranje)
Using Experts` Opinions Through Delphi Technique

The Delphi technique provides different opportunities to researchers than survey research. Essential components of the Delphi technique include the communication process, a group of experts, and essential feedback. This paper provides the foundations of the Delphi Technique, discusses its strengths and weaknesses, explains the use and stages followed, discusses panel selection, and explains how consensus among participants is reached.
Studies on the potential of two mymarid parasites in controlling rice planthoppers.

Two mymarid wasps, Anagrus nilaoarvatae Pang Wang and A. parani1aparvatae Pang Wang [Hym. :Myroaridae], were found to be important egg parasites of rice planthoppers in Nanjing area. A. nilaoarvatae was predominant before early August and attacked mainly the eggs of Laodelphax striatellus and Sogatella. furcifera. After the middle of August, A. paranilaparvatae became the dominant species and mainly parasitized the eggs of Nilaparvata lungens. The mean egg parasitization of L. striatellus was 27.3% during the seedling stage, . while that of S. furcifera and N. lungens were 10.8% and 21.5%, respectively in the hybrid-rice paddies, and 20.7% and 19.6%, respectively in the late rice fields. A linear correlation was found between the egg parasitization and the total number of S. furcifera and N. lugens eggs. Their regression equations are presented in the paper.
Isolation of NG2 proteoglycan expressing progenitor cells from the different regions in the central nervous system of adult rat

Objective To explore that if NG2 proteoglycan expressing progenitor cells (NG2 cells) can be separated from different regions of the adult rat central nervous system (CNS). Methods Nine different regions were dissected out from the CNS in adult female rats. The tissues were digested with papain and centrifuged by Optiprep step density gradient. From the resulting major fraction, the proliferating cells were isolated and cultured in Neurobasal A containing B27 supplement and basic fibroblast growth factor 2 (bFGF2), and then the nature of the cells were identified by double immunofluorescence stain. Results Using the above method, the neural stem cells (NSCs) like NG2 cells could be isolated from nine different regions in the CNS of adult rat. Conclusion The NSCs like cells also exist in the non-neurogenesis region in the CNS of adult rat, and can be cultured in vitro.
Design of an In-Phase Antiphase Coupler Whose Physical Dimensions are Reduced Due to Electrodynamic Structures

A rat-race coupler has been developed that performs an equal-half division of the microwave power coming to one of its inputs. The area of the compact topology without input lines is 776.25 mm2, which is 80.35% less than the area of the usual implementation of the coupler. This result is obtained due to the usual replacement of transmission line segments with their analog in the form of electrodynamic structures. Design of structures was carried out in the NI-AWR program. A mock-up of the proposed device was made, and the measured characteristics are in good agreement with the simulation results.
CMOS THz Camera Used as Compact Antenna Test Range

In this paper, a silicon lens-integrated CMOS THz camera is employed as a compact antenna test range. The far-field radiation pattern of a 26-dBi 0.852-THz standard gain horn antenna radiation source is characterized. Both single-frame low-resolution and multi-frame super-resolution acquisition are performed. The latter is employed to measure a far-field radiation pattern with enhanced angular resolution. The directivity of the source is determined from both measured single-frame low-resolution and multi-frame super-resolution radiation patterns. The maximum directivity in the respective radiation patterns is 25 dBi and 25.8 dBi, respectively, determined with an accuracy of 1 dB and 0.2 dB. Improved accuracy in the latter is due to better angular resolution.