Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The problem of clonality in aplastic anemia: Dr Dameshek's riddle, restated.

WENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO, William Dameshek, T the founder of this journal and one of the most creative minds in American hematology, raised a provocative question: what do aplastic anemia (AA), paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), and acute leukemia have in common? ’ His question was prompted by three observations: (1) the frequency of development of PNH in his own patients with AA, (2) the overlap between the syndromes of aplasia and PNH; and (3) the similar high prevalence of both AA and PNH in the Orient. Dameshek speculated that PNH erythropoiesis was “ecologically advantageous,” and, furthermore, that both AA and PNH might represent different responses to marrow insults (of which he listed chemicals, ionizing radiation, and viruses). In the intervening decades since Dameshek’s editorial, the prospect of survival for patients with AA has been greatly improved; we have a much better understanding of the pathophysiology of AA at the cellular level, of PNH biochemically, and of the myelodysplasia syndromes genetically. Hematopoietic cell clonality can be measured in clinical specimens and after sophisticated manipulations in animal experiments. Provisional solutions to Dameshek’s riddle may be suggested, with some temerity, in light of these new data.
The Economics of Community Open Source Software Projects: An Empirical Analysis of Maintenance Effort

Previous contributions in the empirical software engineering literature have consistently observed a quality degradation effect of proprietary code as a consequence of maintenance. This degradation effect, referred to as entropy effect, has been recognized to be responsible for significant increases in maintenance effort. In the Open Source context, the quality of code is a fundamental design principle. As a consequence, the maintenance effort of Open Source applications may not show a similar increasing trend over time. The goal of this paper is to empirically verify the entropy effect for a sample of 4,289 community Open Source application versions. Analyses are based on the comparison with an estimate of effort obtained with a traditional effort estimation model. Findings indicate that community Open Source applications show a slower growth ofmaintenance effort over time, and, therefore, are less subject to the entropy effect.
Between Europeanization And Local Societies The Space For Territorial Governance

Thank you for downloading between europeanization and local societies the space for territorial governance. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their chosen readings like this between europeanization and local societies the space for territorial governance, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful virus inside their computer.
Counterpoint: Standardization of cardiac troponin I assays will not occur in my lifetime.

I have chosen to address the argument of why cardiac troponin I (cTnI)3 assays will likely never be standardized. It is not that I do not wish it would happen, but I think the scientific, evidence-based story I will present regarding this cardiac specific protein will speak for itself. As a means to present this argument, I would like to consider the following analogy. I am an avid trail runner. During the second week of June, I set out every morning to run a 10-km rolling trail along the Ammonoosuc River in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire. Although the path I navigated each day was the same, what I observed each morning at 7 AM was dramatically different. It was influenced by the temperature, the wind, rain with thunder and lightning, puddles in rocky crevasses, tree branches covering the path, and, twice, minor course changes due to a fox and 2 black bears that appeared both upstream and downstream on the trail I was navigating. So, what does this analogy have to do with the cTnI story? cTnI, a protein of 110 amino acid residues with a unique N-terminal sequence that differentiates it from skeletal muscle forms, is part of the myofibril 3 subcomplex (cTnI–cTnC–cTnT) in the heart with specific structural and regulatory functions (1). Shortly after cell death caused by an acute myocardial infarction (MI), cTnI is released from the damaged myocardium into the extracellular space, and 1–6 h after onset of the index event, cTnI can be detected circulating in the blood (2). Data indicate that cTnI circulates mainly as a binary complex with cTnC in the blood of patients with acute MI, but it also circulates as free cTnI and as a ternary complex, cTnICT. In addition, C- and N-terminal proteolytic …
Organizational Climate, Leadership, Organization Size, and Aspiration for Innovation in Government Agencies

ABSTRACT: Scholars of organizational innovation emphasize the importance of employees’ perceptions and point to dissatisfaction with the status quo as a force facilitating innovation adoption and innovative behavior. This study applies the efficiency-focused perspective on innovative behavior to explore how perceptions of organizational climate and leadership explain employees’ aspiration for innovation in public organizations. It notes that the association of the predictors varies according to organization size (number of full-time employees). Using samples of full-time employees in South Korean government agencies, regression analyses suggest that employees’ perceptions of the hierarchical climate, as opposed to the innovative climate, relate positively to their aspirations for organizational innovation. One unexpected result is the positive association of the current facilitative leadership with the criterion variable. Organization size moderates the influence of the predictors, except for the current facilitative leadership. The academic and practical implications of these findings are presented in the discussion and conclusion section.
The role of PECAM‐1 (CD31) in leukocyte emigration: studies in vitro and in vivo

Platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule‐1 (PECAM‐1, CD31) is a molecule capable of mediating both homophilic and heterophilic adhesion. It is constitu tively expressed and concentrated in the lateral borders between endothelial cells and expressed on the surfaces of neutrophils, monocytes, and some T cell subsets, as well as on platelets. In a quantitative in vitro assay, monoclonal antibody against PECAM‐1 or soluble recombinant PECAM‐1 selectively blocked passage of both neutrophils and monocytes across the endothelial monolayer by 70–90% without interfering with the ability of these cells to bind to the apical endothelial cell surface. These rea gents worked whether directed against leukocyte PECAM‐1 or against endothelial cell PECAM‐1 and were not additive, suggesting that a homophilic interaction was occurring. In a murine model of acute inflammation, thioglycollate‐induced peritonitis, a monoclonal anti body against mouse PECAM‐1 blocked emigration of leu kocytes into the peritoneal cavity down to background levels. Examination of peritoneal venules in these mice revealed many leukocytes in apparent contact with the endothelial surface but unable to cross the intima. Thus, PECAM‐1 has a distinct role in the transendothelial migration phase of leukocyte emigration, independent of the adhesion events on the apical surface. J. Leukoc. Biol. 57: 523–528; 1995.
Tracking moving weak objects in celestial image sequences

One challenge to improving the performance of celestial navigation is the weakness of signals from orbit-known asteroid-like objects. We propose a method for tracking moving asteroid-like objects with weak signals that uses image sequences rather than single images. We employ weak-object enhancement, background subtraction, and multitarget tracking to exploit intraimage, interimage, and object-motion information. Our results demonstrate full tracking without false alarms on a real Laser Geodynamics Satellite image sequence, demonstrating the stability and potential application of the proposed method.
Transbilayer movement of NBD-labeled phospholipids in red blood cell membranes: outward-directed transport by the multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1).

The outward movement (flop) of fluorescently labeled analogues of phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) in human and murine red blood cells (RBC) was examined. 1-Oleoyl-2-[6(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]caproyl (C6-NBD) analogues of PS and PC were incorporated in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane through the action of aminophospholipid translocase or through equilibration upon prolonged incubation, respectively. After removal of noninternalized probe, externalization of C6-NBD-PS or C6-NBD-PC from the inner to outer leaflet was monitored by continuous incubation of the cells in the presence of bovine serum albumin. Flop rates for both probes in intact human RBC were virtually identical (t1/2 approximately 1.5 h), confirming earlier findings by Bitbol et al. [Bitbol, M. , et al. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85, 6783-6787] and Connor et al. [Connor, J., et al. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 19412-19417]. Flop activity in resealed RBC ghosts could only be found upon coinclusion of both ATP and oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Furthermore, flop in intact cells was sensitive to verapamil (IC50 = 5-7 microM), vincristine (IC50 = 20 microM), and indomethacin (IC50 = 50 microM), suggesting the involvement of proteins conferring multidrug resistance (MDR). Experiments with RBC from knock-out mice for multidrug resistance P-glycoproteins (Mdr1a/1b-/- and Mdr2-/-) and multidrug resistance protein 1 (Mrp1-/-) revealed that Mrp1 is responsible for the observed flop of the fluorescent lipid analogues. We found no indications for outward transport of endogenous PS by any of these drug-transporting proteins as measured by a sensitive prothrombinase assay. Neither aminophospholipid translocase nor Ca2+-induced lipid scramblase activities were affected in RBC of these knock-out mice. We conclude that lipid floppase activity, as detected with lipid probes, reflects the activity of MRP1 recognizing the modified lipid analogues as xenobiotics to be expelled from the cell.
Rapid quantitation of immunoglobulin G antibodies specific for blood group antigens A and B by surface plasmon resonance

BACKGROUND: The measurement of immunoglobulin (Ig) G blood group A/B antibody(anti‐A/B) levels is important for ABO‐unmatched organ recipients because the effective removal of the antibodies improves their prognosis. Currently existing methods to detect IgG anti‐A/B suffer limitations owing to high costs, low throughput, and poor adaptability to automation.
High‐resolution continuously acquired peripheral MR angiography featuring partial parallel imaging GRAPPA

Continuously‐moving‐table MRI, in contrast to traditional multistation techniques, potentially can improve the scan time efficiency of whole‐body applications and provide seamless images of an extended field of view (FOV). Contrast‐enhanced MR angiography (CE‐MRA) in particular requires high spatial resolution and at the same time has rigid scan time constraints due to the limited arterial contrast window. In this study a reconstruction method for continuously acquired 3D data sets during table movement was combined with a self‐calibrated partial parallel imaging algorithm (generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions (GRAPPA)). The method was applied to peripheral CE‐MRA and compared with a standard continuously‐moving‐table MRA protocol. The gain in scan time was used to increase the data acquisition matrix and decrease the slice thickness. The method was evaluated in five healthy volunteers and applied to one patient with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). The protocols were intraindividually compared with respect to the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) in selected vessel segments, as well as overall vessel depiction. The combination of the continuously‐moving‐table technique with parallel imaging enabled the acquisition of seamless peripheral 3D MRA with increased resolution and an overall crisper appearance. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Prediction and the Research on the Quality Risk of Supply Chain Based on Chaos Theory and PCAWOL Method

Along with the economic globalization, supply chain has broken the traditional regional limits. In this process, the risk factors which affect the quality of supply chain increases. The assessment for the quality risk of supply chain can prevent and control effectively the quality risk of supply chain. In this paper, we combine the principal component analysis and weight one-rank local-region method and propose a new prediction method-PCAWOL method on account of chaos theory . We use this method to predict the quality risk of the supply chain. The simulation shows that the method has a strong predictive ability and a more accurate prediction results for the quality risk of supply chain. It provides a new idea for the quality risk of supply chain. Keyword: the quality risk of supply chain; PCAWOL; chaos theory
[Alternative indications for the use of heavy silicone oil tamponades].

BACKGROUND The heavy silicone oil tamponades Densiron and Oxane HD are gaining in popularity amongst vitreoretinal surgeons over recent years. In addition to the classical indications of complicated retinal detachment and PVR, the spectrum is continuously expanding and includes diseases that up to now have been treated with conventional tamponades. MATERIAL AND METHODS Review of recent studies on vitreoretinal surgery with heavy tamponades outside of surgery for PVR and retinal detachment. RESULTS In macular hole surgery, good to excellent anatomic and functional results have been reported using heavy tamponades with primary closure rates of up to 100 % of the cases. In reoperations of reopened macular holes, the reported success rates were between 60 % and 100 %. In the group of patients with foveoschisis or central retinal detachment in high myopia with or without macular hole, relatively high reattachment rates of up to 83 % of the cases have been reported. Other reported indications for the use of heavy tamponades are retinoschisis, retinal necrosis, endophthalmitis, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, branch retinal vein occlusion, retinopathy of prematurity, hypotony and choroidal detachment. The published complication rates are low and do not exceed those of conventional tamponades. CONCLUSION The spectrum of indications for heavy tamponades is constantly expanding. In addition to retinal detachment and PVR surgery, macular holes, reopened macular holes and central retinal detachments or foveoschisis associated with high myopia seem to be the most important diseases that are currently treated with heavy tamponades with good to excellent results published so far. However, a comprehensive comparison with conventional tamponades cannot be made at present because of the limited number of patients and studies published on this subject.
Comparison of Macular Ganglion Cell Complex Thickness by Fourier-Domain OCT in Normal Tension Glaucoma and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

PurposeTo compare perimacular ganglion cell complex (GCC) parameters between patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). MethodsParticipants, consecutively enrolled from January 2009 to June 2009, underwent optical coherence tomographic imaging with RTVue-100 (Optovue Inc, Fremont, CA). Optic nerve head (ONH) parameters, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) parameters, and GCC parameters were acquired. Mean measurements of ONH, RNFL, and GCC parameters among the normal, NTG, and POAG groups were compared using analysis of variance. Area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was used to assess the ability of each parameter to detect glaucomatous changes. ResultsFifty-eight normal controls, 51 patients with NTG, and 52 patients with POAG were included. Mean measurements of ONH parameters were similar between the NTG and POAG groups (all P>0.05). Average RNFL thickness did not differ between the NTG and POAG groups (P=0.053), whereas average GCC thickness significantly differed between the NTG and POAG groups (P=0.001). In terms of pattern-based parameters of GCC, focal loss volume did not differ between the NTG and POAG groups (P=0.165), whereas global loss volume was significantly higher in the POAG group (P<0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between RNFL and GCC measurements with respect to the ability to detect glaucomatous changes. ConclusionsGCC loss in the NTG group was more localized compared with diffuse GCC loss in the POAG group. Perimacular GCC parameters could be a good alternative or supplement to peripapillary RNFL measurements for diagnosis and research in patients with NTG.
SECIS–SBP2 interactions dictate selenocysteine incorporation efficiency and selenoprotein hierarchy

Selenocysteine incorporation at UGA codons requires cis‐acting mRNA secondary structures and several specialized trans‐acting factors. The latter include a selenocysteine‐specific tRNA, an elongation factor specific for this tRNA and a SECIS‐binding protein, SBP2, which recruits the elongation factor to the selenoprotein mRNA. Overexpression of selenoprotein mRNAs in transfected cells results in inefficient selenocysteine incorporation due to limitation of one or more of these factors. Using a transfection‐based competition assay employing overexpression of selenoprotein mRNAs to compete for selenoprotein synthesis, we investigated the ability of the trans‐acting factors to overcome competition and restore selenocysteine incorporation. We report that co‐expression of SBP2 overcomes the limitation produced by selenoprotein mRNA overexpression, whereas selenocysteyl‐tRNA and the selenocysteine‐specific elongation factor do not. Competition studies indicate that once bound to SECIS elements, SBP2 does not readily exchange between them. Finally, we show that SBP2 preferentially stimulates incorporation directed by the seleno protein P and phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase SECIS elements over those of other selenoproteins. The mechanistic implications of these findings for the hierarchy of selenoprotein synthesis and nonsense‐mediated decay are discussed.
The Generation of Referring Expressions: Where We've Been, How We Got Here, and Where We're Going

Summary form only given. The task of referring expression generation is concerned with determining what semantic content should be used in a reference to an intended referent so that the hearer will be able to identify that referent. The task has been a focus of interest within natural language generation at least since the early 1980s, in part because the problem appears relatively well-defined. Over the last 25 years, a range of algorithms and approaches have been proposed and explored, making this the most intensely studied problem in natural language generation; and yet, even a casual analysis of real human-authored texts suggests that we have a long way to go in terms of providing an explanation for the range of real linguistic behaviour that we find. In this talk, I'll provide a bird's eye view of research in the area to date, to characterise where we are now, and indicate what I believe are the key directions for future research in the area.
Ultrasonographic diagnosis of portal vein cavernous transformation in children.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficiency, sensitivity, and specificity of ultrasonographic findings in the diagnosis of portal vein cavernous transformation and secondary splanchnic hypertension in children. Twenty patients with esophageal varices on endoscopic sclerotherapy, with ages ranging from 1 to 15 years (mean of 7.5), were compared with 20 age‐matched normal asymptomatic controls. In 17 cases, diagnosis was confirmed by splenoportography. Ultrasonographic portal vein features, respiratory variations in splenic and superior mesenteric veins, lesser omentum to aorta diameter ratio and spleen size, as well as the presence of vessels in the lesser omentum and of spontaneous anastomoses, were analyzed in both groups. The efficiency of ultrasonography to establish a diagnosis of portal vein cavernous transformation reached 100%. Splenic and superior mesenteric vein respiratory variation was negligible in patients and inspiration versus expiration diameter differences ranged from 1 to 4 mm (mean of 2.4) in controls (p less than .001). Mean lesser omentum to aorta ratio was 2.07 in patients versus . 9 in controls (p less than .001). Splenomegaly was found in all but two cases; lesser omentum vessels were visualized in nine cases; whereas five presented spontaneous splenorenal anastomoses and gallbladder varices were observed in five patients. Thus, ultrasonography allowed portal vein cavernous transformation to be diagnosed throughout; portal hypertension was also detected. It may be concluded that ultrasonography, either alone or associated with endoscopy, provides a reliable method for portal vein cavernous transformation diagnosis. Angiography should be reserved for preoperative or controlled hemodynamic studies.
Randomized controlled trial of dexamethasone treatment in very‐low‐birth‐weight infants with ventilator‐dependent chronic lung disease

This randomized controlled trial was designed to answer the question: does administration of dexamethasone to neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia decrease the need for assisted ventilation? Twenty‐five infants with a birth weight < 1501 g, requiring mechanical ventilation and FiO2 of ± 0.30 at 21‐35 days of age, were randomized to treatment with iv dexamethasone or to sham injections for 12 days. The primary outcome criterion was extubation within seven days after study entry. Treatment (n= 12) and control (n= 13) groups were well matched at entry. Dexamethasone facilitated weaning from assisted ventilation (p= 0.0154). There was no increased incidence of infection. Dexamethasone treatment resulted in a significant increase in glucosuria (p= 0.0002) and in systolic blood pressure (p= 0.0034). There was a significant decrease in heart rate (p= 0.0001) and a significant weight loss (p= 0.0002) following dexamethasone treatment. Dexamethasone treatment facilitated weaning from assisted ventilation but several systemic effects were noted that deserve further evaluation before dexamethasone becomes routine treatment.