Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF MINOR INCREMENTS IN PLASMA THYROXINE ON HEART RATE AND URINARY SODIUM EXCRETION

We studied day/night (D:N) patterns of urinary sodium excretion and the 24 hour ambulatory electrocardiogram in seven normal subjects before and during the administration of T4. Thyroxine increased thyroid hormone levels within the normal range and inhibited the plasma TSH response to TRH. This was associated with a significant decrease in D:N sodium excretion (P < 0·01) and D:N urine flow (P < 0·01), a significant increase in mean nocturnal heart rate (P < 0·01), and a lesser increment in mean daytime heart rate (P < 0·05).
Clinical review: The human experience with ghrelin administration.

CONTEXT Ghrelin is an endogenous stimulator of GH and is implicated in a number of physiological processes. Clinical trials have been performed in a variety of patient populations, but there is no comprehensive review of the beneficial and adverse consequences of ghrelin administration to humans. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION PubMed was utilized, and the reference list of each article was screened. We included 121 published articles in which ghrelin was administered to humans. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Ghrelin has been administered as an infusion or a bolus in a variety of doses to 1850 study participants, including healthy participants and patients with obesity, prior gastrectomy, cancer, pituitary disease, diabetes mellitus, eating disorders, and other conditions. There is strong evidence that ghrelin stimulates appetite and increases circulating GH, ACTH, cortisol, prolactin, and glucose across varied patient populations. There is a paucity of evidence regarding the effects of ghrelin on LH, FSH, TSH, insulin, lipolysis, body composition, cardiac function, pulmonary function, the vasculature, and sleep. Adverse effects occurred in 20% of participants, with a predominance of flushing and gastric rumbles and a mild degree of severity. The few serious adverse events occurred in patients with advanced illness and were not clearly attributable to ghrelin. Route of administration may affect the pattern of adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS Existing literature supports the short-term safety of ghrelin administration and its efficacy as an appetite stimulant in diverse patient populations. There is some evidence to suggest that ghrelin has wider ranging therapeutic effects, although these areas require further investigation.
Analysis and Design of a Hybrid Rare-Earth-Free Permanent Magnet Reluctance Machine by Frozen Permeability Method

Hybrid-type switched reluctance machine (SRM) by adding permanent magnets (PMs) in the stator of the SRM is gaining significant attention in order to solve the rare-earth PM problems, such as price instability and environmental problems. However, the addition of PMs in an SRM leads to positive and negative effects on torque production at the same time, because PMs in the stator assist the flux linkage of phase windings but aggravate total reluctance due to a slot for each PM. This paper is to propose a hybrid PM reluctance machine (PMRM) (hereinafter referred to as a hybrid PMRM) having a rare-earth-free PM in the stator, and the machine is analyzed and designed in terms of PM thickness by torque separation during freezing permeability in steel. The level of excitation current is not important in the variation of reluctance torque and mutual torque, but the thickness of PM has a major effect on both reluctance torque and mutual torque. Although bigger thickness in PM causes negative effect on reluctance torque production, total torque in the hybrid PMRM has been improved by a distinct margin, since mutual torque enhancement is much larger than reluctance torque drop. As a result, the proposed PMRM has an increase of 10.1% in efficiency compared with the same design without PM.
Microstructure and Some Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystalline Fe73.5-xCoxCu1Nb3Si13.5B9 Alloys

The microstructure and magnetic properties, i.e. the initial susceptibility, coercivity and saturation magnetic polarization of nanocrystalline Fe 73.5-x Co x Cu 1 Nb 3 Si 13.5 B 9 (x = 0 or 7) alloys with different volume fractions of crystalline and amorphous phases, are investigated. The crystalline phase in both conventionally annealed alloys (823 K for 1 h) has DO 3 ordered structure. However, after the accumulative annealing of the samples (823 K for 5 s and then 10 and 60 min) only short range order in the crystalline phase is observed. The replacing of 7% Fe atoms by Co atoms in the Fe 73.5 Cu 1 Nb 3 Si 13.5 B 9 alloy leads to the slight enhancement of the magnetic saturation polarization for both as-quenched and nanocrystalline samples. Moreover, the initial susceptibility distinctly increases and disaccommodation as well as coercivity decrease with annealing time for both investigated alloys. This behaviour is attributed to the annealing out of free volumes in the amorphous matrix and the increase of the volume fraction of the crystalline phase. Furthermore, the results reported in this paper indicate that processes occurring in the amorphous matrix are the main source of the magnetic after-effect in these alloys.
The Reliability and Construct Validity of American College Students' Responses to the WHOQOL-BREF.

The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-100) instrument was developed to assess quality of life from a multi-dimensional perspective. A shorter 26-item version of the instrument was created called the WHOQOL-BREF, which is the focus of this study. Based on previous research, it is unclear if the WHOQOL-BREF instrument is appropriate for use with English-speaking, American college populations. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and construct validity of English-speaking, American College Students’ responses to WHOQOL-BREF. One thousand seven hundred and seventy- three American college students from a southeastern university completed the WHOQOL-BREF in a confidential online format. Factor analyses were conducted and model fit was assessed using multiple fit indices. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis indicated that the prescribed four-factor model did not provide a good fit for the current data. An Exploratory Factor Analysis indicated a five-factor model was the best fit. However, the results of goodness-of-fit indices indicated the five-factor model was also a poor fit. This research showed inadequate construct validity through confirmatory factor analysis. Further validation studies of the instrument with English-speaking, American college students are recommended.
A new type of MEMS two axis accelerometer based on silicon

A new type of MEMS two axis accelerometer based on silicon is presented in this paper. This kind of sensor consists of four vertical cantilever beams with an attached cylinder in the center of the structure. By locating the resistors logically formed the Wheatstone bridge; this sensor can detect acceleration in two direction. It is desirable that the application of ingenious structure of the accelerometer may improve the sensitivity. The mechanical model and piezoresistive effect are used to analyse the sensitivity characteristic of the novel structure. The fabrication is completed using MEMS technology. The test results are presented at last. The experiment results show that both the two direction of the accelerometer have high sensitivity and good linearity. The sensitivity of the accelerometer for X direction is 1.017 mv/g and Y is 0.898 mv/g, the linearity of the X direction is 0.99991 and Y is 0.99945. The frequency response gives a straight and smooth line and the measured resonance frequency is about 670 Hz.
Longitudinal Verbal Fluency in Normal Aging, Preclinical, and Prevalent Alzheimer’s Disease

Background: Few longitudinal studies evaluate differences in patterns of change of category compared to letter fluency across the spectrum of cognitive impairment. Methods: We compared change in category (animal and supermarket) and letter (F, A, S) fluency among 239 participants in 3 groups: remained cognitively normal throughout follow-up (n = 96), developed Alzheimer’s Disease (AD; preclinical AD, n = 21), and with AD at initial testing (prevalent AD, n = 122). Results: At baseline, prevalent and preclinical AD groups scored lower on animal than letter fluency. On all fluency measures, the prevalent AD declined faster than other groups (all P < .0001), and preclinical AD declined faster than unimpaired (all P ≤ .02). Overall, animal fluency declined faster than letter fluency; animal fluency declined significantly faster than letter fluency among cognitively normal and prevalent AD participants. Conclusion: Greater longitudinal declines in category compared to letter fluency are consistent with cross-sectional studies. Steeper declines on both fluency measures distinguish preclinical AD from cognitively unimpaired individuals.
Identification of infective larva (L3) proteins of Strongyloides stercoralis by immunoblot

Background: Strongyloides stercoralis is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. This parasite is the only nematode with the ability to multiply in its host's body via autoinfection transmission. Larvae detection in feces is difficult partly because of low egg production and also irregular larvae excretion in feces. Serologic tests (ELISA, IFA) are also diagnostic, however Strongyloides stercoralis antigens are not available as a diagnostic tool. In the present study, we analyzed filariform larva (L3) proteins of Strongyloides stercoralis by the immunoblot technique. Materials and methods: Stool samples were examined by direct smear, formalin-ether and agar plate method to identify infected patients. Sera were also obtained and stored at -20°С. Infective larvae were then obtained by agar plate culture, which was incubated for 6-7days at 25oC, then frozen at –70°С. Finally, larvae were suspended at a concentration level of 12000 in 250l PBS, containing protease inhibitors and then were sonicated. Protein level was measured by Bradford method. Proteins of Strongyloides stercoralis filariform larvae were separated by SDS-PAGE, blotted onto nitrocellulose paper. Western blot analysis of these antigens was achieved using infected human sera (0.1, 0.01, 0.001 dilution) with strongyloidiasis, toxocariasis, hydatidosis, amebiasis and normal human serum as control. Results: Four immunodominant proteins (23, 28, 30, 41 kDa) were recognized with strongyloidiasis sera in 0.1 diluted serum. None of the proteins reacted to normal human and amebiasis serum, but some showed reaction with serum of hydatidosis and toxocariasis. Having increased the level of serum dilution, only 41 kDa protein was recognized by strongyloidiasis sera. Other serums did not represent any reaction to the parasite’s proteins. Therefore, the 41 kDa protein presents as the most important immunodominant protein in this study. Conclusion: The identification of immunodominant proteins adapted to the physiological and genetic conditions of the host is an appropriate diagnostic approach, which could be associated with improved sensitivity and specificity of serologic tests.
Anticoagulation control in atrial fibrillation patients present to outpatient clinic of cardiology versus anticoagulant clinics.

Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia in clinical practice, which if untreated results in a doubling of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. AF is an independent predictor of stroke, with an annual risk 5 to 6 times higher than patients in sinus rhythm. ~1 (During recent) years, several randomised clinical trials conducted by investigators around the world involving 13 843 participants with NVAF have demonstrated convincingly the value of warfarin therapies for stroke prevention in high risk patients. ~(2-8) However, the dose response of warfarin is complex and its activity is easily altered by concurrent medications, food interactions, alcohol and illnesses. Adherence to medical advice and routine monitoring of the international normalized ratio (INR) is important, because low anticoagulant intensity predisposes the patients to thromboembolic complications and high intensity to haemorrhage. Studies suggested that anticoagulant clinics could improve the quality of anticoagulation control,~9 and anticoagulant clinics are common in western countries. However, in China, most AF patients taking warfarin usually attend the outpatient clinic of cardiology, while the quality of anticoagulation control is never investigated. We therefore assessed anticoagulation control in the outpatient clinic of cardiology, and the quality of anticoagulation control since the establishment of anticoagulant clinics.
Renin-angiotensin system stimulates respiration during acute hypotension but not during hypercapnia.

We reported that intravenous infusion of angiotensin II (ANG II) stimulated ventilation (VE) in conscious dogs. Other studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that increases in respiration occurred in association with activation of the renin-angiotensin system during acute hypotension and during hypercapnia. Therefore, in conscious dogs (n = 5), we examined the effects of ANG II receptor blockade with intravenous saralasin (0.5 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) on respiratory responses during progressive nitroprusside-induced hypotension and during the ventilatory response to increased inspired fraction of CO2 (VRC). During hypotension (mean arterial pressure decreased approximately 20%) combined with ANG II receptor blockade, VE, heart rate, and arginine vasopressin increases were attenuated compared within unblocked studies. With ANG II receptor blockade during hypotension, alveolar ventilation and arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) were unchanged, which contrasted with a doubling of alveolar ventilation and a decrease of 4.8 +/- 1 Torr in PaCO2 in unblocked studies. During hypercapnia, the slope of the VRC was not affected by ANG II receptor blockade, but with 6.5% inspired CO2 fraction, VE and PaCO2 were lower than in unblocked studies. These results indicated that ANG II contributed to the respiratory response to a modest hypotension but did not affect respiratory sensitivity to CO2.
Long-term cardiopulmonary sequelae in patients with sleep apnea and chronic lung disease.

Both obstructive sleep apnea and chronic lung disease can be associated with intermittent or chronic hypoxemia leading to pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale. When these problems coexist, it is possible that the cardiopulmonary effects are additive. We hypothesized that hemodynamic disturbances in patients with apnea and lung disease would be more severe than in those with apnea alone, and that hemodynamic improvement should follow apnea cure, but perhaps at a slower rate than in those with apnea alone. To test these hypotheses, we prospectively followed 24 patients with sleep apnea syndrome. They were divided into 3 nonrandomized groups. Nineteen patients had both apnea and lung disease. Nine of these agreed to curative tracheostomy (Group 1). The other 10 subjects (Group 2) refused tracheostomy but accepted noncurative therapies, including nocturnal oxygen (n = 9), uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (n = 2), and protriptyline (n = 4). Five subjects with apnea but without clinically obvious lung disease received tracheostomies (Group 3). Subjects were followed at yearly intervals (mean follow-up, 27.2 months) with radionuclide motion studies and, in 15 of 24 who consented, right heart catheterization. The 3 groups did not vary with respect to age, percent ideal weight, or severity of apnea symptoms. The severity of right-sided hemodynamic dysfunction in the group with apnea but no obvious lung disease was less than that in the 2 groups with lung disease. A substantial decrease in pulmonary artery pressure (p = 0.056) and significant improvement in right ventricular ejection fraction occurred in the tracheostomized group with both apnea and lung disease. Pulmonary vascular resistance decreased in both groups receiving tracheostomy. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Numerical simulations of the hard X-ray pulse intensity distribution at the Linac Coherent Light Source

Numerical simulations of the current and future pulse intensity distributions at selected locations along the hard X-ray section of the Linac Coherent Light Source are provided. Estimates are given for the pulse fluence, energy and size in and out of focus, taking into account effects due to the experimentally measured divergences of the X-ray beam, and measured figure errors of all X-ray optics in the beam path.
Hormonal Restructuring of the Adult Brain: Basic and Clinical Perspectives

The description of steroid hormone effects on brain structure has a short, but remarkable, history. It has only been approximately twenty years since Raisman and Field' made the then astounding observation that gonadal hormones seemed to cause alterations in the structure of brain cells during the developmental period. Using electron microscopy, they found that the pattern of predominantly spine or shaft synapses within the preoptic area of the hypothalamus depended on the presence or absence of testicular secretions. Just four years later, Nottebohm and Arnold2 described sex differences in the volumes of nuclei in songbird brains which were so large that they could be seen with the naked eye. This finding was made even more exciting by the fact that the sexual dimorphism in brain structure paralleled a known dimorphism in behavior. They found that brain nuclei involved in the control of singing behavior were larger in male canaries and zebra finches than in females, and in these species, males sing complex songs and females do not. The idea that gonadal hormones could direct brain development and alter synaptic structure was revolutionary, and, in fact, a number of years passed before it was widely accepted that gonadal hormones programmed cellular structure within areas of the developin brain. Now, however, there are nu-
The Role of Stochastic Forcing in Climate Models: The Case of Thermohaline Circulation

At present both daily and seasonal weather forecasts as well as long-term climate predictions are the result of the implementation of multiple and complex numerical models. The history of numerical models to predict the weather goes back to the 1950s and 1960s and since then computational breakthroughs have enabled us to go from simple box models to complex models that take into account a multitude of phenomena and processes occurring in the whole climate system. However despite the great strides made in recent years and great experience in the development of such models we must interpret the results taking into account the limitations and uncertainties inherent in any numerical model.
Dendrite bundles as sites for central programs: an hypothesis.

During the process of maturation, dendrite shafts have been found to rearrange themselves into bundles in various parts of the nervous system including the ventral horn of the spinal cord, brain stem reticular core, nucleus reticularis thalami, cerebral cortex, and possibly in basal ganglia and certain cranial nerve nuclei. In some cases, the appearance of bundle complexes seems closely time-locked to the initial development of discrete items of motor performance. An inferential cause and effect relationship has been suggested whereby the dendrite bundles are assumed to harbor representational analogues of the specific output. An hypothesis is advanced on the mechanism by which the proposed central program may be inscribed within the bundle. Reasoning from the extended membrane concept of Lehninger, it is suggested that the intrafascicular spaces within the bundle, and especially those between closely apposed pairs of dendrite shafts, provide a sheltered milieu with special properties. Cation-mediated lin.
GRADE: Graph Dynamic Embedding

Representation learning of static and more recently dynamically evolving graphs has gained noticeable attention. Existing approaches for modelling graph dynamics focus extensively on the evolution of individual nodes independently of the evolution of mesoscale community structures. As a result, current methods do not provide useful tools to study and cannot explicitly capture temporal community dynamics. To address this challenge, we propose GRADE - a probabilistic model that learns to generate evolving node and community representations by imposing a random walk prior over their trajectories. Our model also learns node community membership which is updated between time steps via a transition matrix. At each time step link generation is performed by first assigning node membership from a distribution over the communities, and then sampling a neighbor from a distribution over the nodes for the assigned community. We parametrize the node and community distributions with neural networks and learn their parameters via variational inference. Experiments demonstrate GRADE meets or outperforms baselines in dynamic link prediction, shows favourable performance on dynamic community detection, and identifies coherent and interpretable evolving communities.
Design of cosine modulated filter banks using iterative Lagrange multiplier method

The design of cosine modulated filter banks with perfect reconstruction is formulated as the minimization of a quadratic function under filter-dependent linear constraints. It is shown that the reformulated optimization problem can be solved by an iterative Lagrange multiplier method in which the major part of each iteration is carried out in terms of a close-form formula. A design example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new method.
Radial basis function kernel optimization for Support Vector Machine classifiers

Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are still one of the most popular and precise classifiers. The Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernel has been used in SVMs to separate among classes with considerable success. However, there is an intrinsic dependence on the initial value of the kernel hyperparameter. In this work, we propose OKSVM, an algorithm that automatically learns the RBF kernel hyperparameter and adjusts the SVM weights simultaneously. The proposed optimization technique is based on a gradient descent method. We analyze the performance of our approach with respect to the classical SVM for classification on synthetic and real data. Experimental results show that OKSVM performs better irrespective of the initial values of the RBF hyperparameter.
Suicidio e identidad.

Sin que sea posible un desarrollo minimamente amplio de los postulados teoricos que sustentan este trabajo, considero necesarias algunas precisiones. El suicidio, en cualquiera de sus manifestaciones, es abordado como un acto de conducta, en el sentido dado a este termino por CASTILLA DEL PINO: actos intencionales, dependientes de la situacion y de naturaleza comunicacional (2). Para el suicidio, pues, son pertinentes identicos criterios epistemologicos que para entender la conducta opuesta (el deseo de vivir): solo son aceptables aspectos relacionales, intra e interindividuales. En otras palabras, el deseo de morir no es una enfermedad (en el sentido medico del vocablo) y, por tanto, son inadecuadas para su analisis las teorias mas o menos abiertamente biologicistas: desde la busqueda de factores hereditarios (20) hasta las explicaciones del suicidio como resultado final de la disminucion de energias de vida o del aumento de energias de muerte.