Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Finite-Difference Methods and Validity of a Thermal Model for Landmine Detection With Soil Property Estimation

In this paper, we introduce and validate a 3-D linear thermal model for landmine detection. A finite-difference approximation of generalized solutions to the model is proposed, and its convergence properties are proved. An efficient numerical algorithm based on splitting methods is suggested for solving the discretized problem. Moreover, we introduce methods to estimate the (bare) soil and air-soil interface thermal properties. These parameters depend strongly on weather, environmental conditions, and soil type; their accuracy affects strongly the thermal modeling. The validity of the thermal model with the estimated soil properties is verified by comparing the simulations with data sets acquired in outdoor minefields
Sequential Decision Making With Coherent Risk

We provide sampling-based algorithms for optimization under a coherent-risk objective. The class of coherent-risk measures is widely accepted in finance and operations research, among other fields, and encompasses popular risk-measures such as conditional value at risk and mean-semi-deviation. Our approach is suitable for problems in which tuneable parameters control the distribution of the cost, such as in reinforcement learning or approximate dynamic programming with a parameterized policy. Such problems cannot be solved using previous approaches. We consider both static risk measures and time-consistent dynamic risk measures. For static risk measures, our approach is in the spirit of policy gradient methods, while for the dynamic risk measures, we use actor-critic type algorithms.
Computational model of the on-alpha ganglion cell receptive field based on bipolar cell circuitry.

The on-alpha ganglion cell in the area centralis of the cat retina receives approximately 450 synapses from type b1 cone bipolar cells. This bipolar type forms a closely spaced array (9 microns), which contributes from 1 to 7 synapses per b1 cell throughout the on-alpha dendritic field. Here we use a compartmental model of an on-alpha cell, based on a reconstruction from electron micrographs of serial sections, to compute the contribution of the b1 array to the on-alpha receptive field. The computation shows that, for a physiologic range of specific membrane resistance (9500-68,000 omega.cm2) and a linear synapse, inputs are equally effective at all points on the on-alpha dendritic tree. This implies that the electrotonic properties of the dendritic tree contribute very little to the domed shapes of the receptive field center and surround. Rather, these shapes arise from the domed distribution of synapses across the on-alpha dendritic field. Various sources of "jitter" in the anatomical circuit, such as variation in bipolar cell spacing and fluctuations in the number of synapses per bipolar cell, are smoothed by the overall circuit design. However, the computed center retains some minor asymmetries and lumps, due to anatomical jitter, as found in actual alpha-cell receptive fields.
Behaviour at eight years in children with surgically corrected transposition: The Boston Circulatory Arrest Trial*

Abstract Uncertainty exists regarding the degree to which infants with congenitally malformed hearts are at risk of behavioural disorders in childhood. Data was collected as part of a randomized clinical trial involving 155 children with surgically corrected transposition (concordant atrioventricular and ventriculo-arterial connections or alignments). As infants, they underwent the arterial switch operation, involving deep hypothermia with predominantly total circulatory arrest or predominantly low-flow continuous cardiopulmonary bypass as the method of providing support to the vital organs. Parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist when the patients were aged 4 and 8 years, and the Connors’ Parent Rating Scale at the age of 8 years. When the children were aged 8, teachers completed the Teacher’s Report Form and the Connors’ Teacher Rating Scale. In the cohort as a whole, the frequencies of behavioural problems identified by both parents and teachers were elevated, particularly on the scales for competence of the Child Behavior Checklist, and the Adaptive scales of the Teacher’s Report Form. Approximately 1 in 5 patients had scores for Total Problem Behavior in the range of clinical concern on both the Child Behavior Checklist and the Teacher’s Report Form. Few differences were found, however, according to the method of operative treatment. Postoperative seizures were associated with social and attention problems. Children experiencing academic problems at the age of 8 showed a larger increase in behavioural problems between the ages of 4 and 8 than did children making adequate academic progress. Children with congenitally malformed hearts who underwent reparative surgery in infancy using a strategy of severe haemodilution and alpha stat are at increased risk of behavioural problems in middle childhood.
Multifunctional Roles of Plant Cuticle During Plant-Pathogen Interactions

In land plants the cuticle is the outermost layer interacting with the environment. This lipophilic layer comprises the polyester cutin embedded in cuticular wax; and it forms a physical barrier to protect plants from desiccation as well as from diverse biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the cuticle is not merely a passive, mechanical shield. The increasing research on plant leaves has addressed the active roles of the plant cuticle in both local and systemic resistance against a variety of plant pathogens. Moreover, the fruit cuticle also serves as an important determinant of fruit defense and quality. It shares features with those of vegetative organs, but also exhibits specific characteristics, the functions of which gain increasing attention in recent years. This review describes multiple roles of plant cuticle during plant-pathogen interactions and its responses to both leaf and fruit pathogens. These include the dynamic changes of plant cuticle during pathogen infection; the crosstalk of cuticle with plant cell wall and diverse hormone signaling pathways for plant disease resistance; and the major biochemical, molecular, and cellular mechanisms that underlie the roles of cuticle during plant-pathogen interactions. Although research developments in the field have greatly advanced our understanding of the roles of plant cuticle in plant defense, there still remain large gaps in our knowledge. Therefore, the challenges thus presented, and future directions of research also are discussed in this review.
Feedback Control Strategy to Eliminate the Input Current Harmonics of Matrix Converter Under Unbalanced Input Voltages

It is generally considered that feedback control of input currents in the matrix converter (MC) is hard to be realized due to the coupling of input control and output control, which reduces the degree of freedom and robustness. Moreover, under unbalanced input voltages, the coupling also results in severe distortion of input currents when the commonly used feedforward compensation control method with fixed input power factor is adopted. To address these two issues, this paper proposes a feedback control strategy on the input side of MC. This strategy is based on a control method which can modify input reference currents. The input control strategy is embedded into the output control strategy and thus is the inner loop of the system control. The input-side controllers can be designed to achieve expected input control objectives and maintain the output performance at the same time. On this basis, resonant controllers are applied to regulate input currents and instantaneous active power, so as to directly eliminate the input current harmonics and meanwhile ensure the load absorbing constant active power under unbalanced input voltages. The validity and feasibility of the proposed strategy are verified by the simulation and experimental results.
Nucleotide sequence of a mutant eukaryotic gene: the yeast tyrosine-inserting ochre suppressor SUP4-o.

One of the eight endonuclease EcoRI fragments of yeast DNA that hybridize to yeast tRNATyr has been identified with the genetically defined nonsense-suppressor locus SUP4. This identification was achieved by analyzing the meiotic linkage between the genetic determinant for the SUP4 phenotype and that for an electrophoretic variant of the EcoRI fragment. The SUP4 gene was then cloned from an ochre-suppressing yeast strain and analyzed by DNA sequencing. A wild-type SUP4 gene and two other genetically unidentified tRNATyr genes were also sequenced. The sequence of the ochre suppressor differs from that of the wild-type genes by virtue of a G.C leads to T.A transversion in the base pair that codes for the wobble position base of the tRNATyr anticodon. All four genes contain, immediately to the 3' side of the anticodon triplet, a 14 base pair tract that is not present in mature tRNATyr. Although the four genes, which represent three unlinked chromosomal loci, all encode the same mature tRNA sequence, there is virtually no observable sequence homology between the three loci in the region preceding the 5' end of the mature tRNATyr sequences.
A formula for angles between subspaces of inner product spaces.

Abstract. We present an explicit formula for angles between two subspaces ofinner product spaces. Our formula serves as a correction for, as well as an extensionof, the formula proposed by Risteski and Trenˇcevski [13]. As a consequence of ourformula, a generalized Cauchy-Schwarz inequality is obtained.MSC 2000: 15A03, 51N20, 15A45, 15A21, 46B20Keywords: Angles between subspaces, canonical angles, generalized Cauchy-Schwarz inequality1. IntroductionThe notion of angles between two subspaces of the Euclidean space R d has been studiedby many researchers since the 1950’s or even earlier (see [3]). In statistics, canonical (orprincipal) angles are studied as measures of dependency of one set of random variables onanother (see [1]). Some recent works on angles between subspaces and related topics canbe found in, for example, [4, 8, 12, 13, 14]. Particularly, in [13], Risteski and Trenˇcevskiintroduced a more geometrical deﬁnition of angles between two subspaces of R d and explainedits connection with canonical angles. Their deﬁnition of the angle, however, is based on ageneralized Cauchy-Schwarz inequality which we found incorrect. The purpose of this noteis to ﬁx their deﬁnition and at the same time extend the ambient space to any real innerproduct space.Let (X,h·,·i) be a real inner product space, which will be our ambient space throughoutthis note. Given two nonzero, ﬁnite-dimensional, subspaces U and V of X with dim(U) ≤
Cotard’s Syndrome in a patient with Major Depressive Disorder: Case Report.

Cotard’s syndrome is a rare psychiatric condition, first described in 1880 by Jules Cotard, whose central symptom is delusions of negation and which, in its entire form, the patient deny the existence of parts of their bodies or even their whole bodies, leading to denial of the world around them1. Ramirez-Bermudez et al.2 reported that of 479 Mexican patients with a primary psychiatric disorder, including 150 patients with schizophrenia, three had Cotard’s syndrome (0.62%), all of them with psychotic depression. In 2013, Stompe and Schanda3 reviewed 346 cases of schizophrenia and found three patients with Cotard’s syndrome (0.87%).
The RASSF1A Tumor Suppressor Activates Bax via MOAP-1*

The novel tumor suppressor RASSF1A is frequently inactivated during human tumorigenesis by promoter methylation. RASSF1A may serve as a node in the integration of signaling pathways controlling a range of critical cellular functions including cell cycle, genomic instability, and apoptosis. The mechanism of action of RASSF1A remains under investigation. We now identify a novel pathway connecting RASSF1A to Bax via the Bax binding protein MOAP-1. RASSF1A and MOAP-1 interact directly, and this interaction is enhanced by the presence of activated K-Ras. RASSF1A can activate Bax via MOAP-1. Moreover, activated K-Ras, RASSF1A, and MOAP-1 synergize to induce Bax activation and cell death. Analysis of a tumor-derived point mutant of RASSF1A showed that the mutant was defective for the MOAP-1 interaction and for Bax activation. Moreover, inhibition of RASSF1A by shRNA impaired the ability of K-Ras to activate Bax. Thus, we identify a novel pro-apoptotic pathway linking K-Ras, RASSF1A and Bax that is specifically impaired in some human tumors.
Regulation of steroid hormone receptor activity.

Studies in receptorology since the early 1960s have helped to broaden current knowledge regarding the mechanism of action of steroid hormones. A detailed biochemical explanation from a literature survey focusses attention on the functional activity of the receptor as it exists within the living cell instead of simply in an isolated in vitro tissue preparation. The studies have shown the assortment of exogenous and endogenous factors which influence receptor activity, to varying degrees and often in conflicting directions. Different cell populations in the same tissue may respond to any hormone in different ways. Dissimilarities exist across interspecies lines. It is obvious from all the receptor studies that the responsiveness of a cell to steroid hormone stimulation is dependent on the presence of functionally competent receptor proteins which can be measured in the cytoplasmic compartment of the resting cell. A general hypothesis as to the way in which hormone receptor functions is advanced and explained. There seem to be multiple regions of specific acceptor-type binding sites. Cells respond to estradiol by the 3 separate mechanisms of synthesis, reutilization, and recycling. Progesterone, on the other hand, seems to have an overall negative regulatory control.
Factors predisposing to abnormal pulmonary function after adenovirus type 7 pneumonia.

clinically beneficial for infants with reflux due to a partial thoracic stomach.7 x I would therefore require much more clinical evidence than is at present available to change my opinion regarding the value of this form of treatment for infants with gastro-oesophageal reflux due to a partial thoracic stomach. On the other hand, infants with gastrooesophageal reflux but no partial thoracic stomach do not, in general, require to be treated by posture; thickening of the feeds is usually the only treatment needed.
Adaptation of pancreatic lipase to the amount and nature of dietary lipids in the growing pig.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the adaptation of pancreatic lipase to the amount and nature of dietary lipids in the growing pig. Thirty pigs were distributed into three groups of 10 animals each. They were fed the same amount (1.5 kg/pig/day) of either diet C (3.5% lard, 3.5% sunflower oil, 67.7% starch), diet L (21% lard, 33.2% starch) or diet SO (21% sunflower oil, 33.2% starch) for 12 days. The diets were isoenergetic and isonitrogenous. Pancreas weight relative to live-weight was highest in group L. The pancreatic lipid content of the latter group exceeded that of groups C and SO by 53 and 39%, respectively. The pancreatic protein content was similar in the three groups. The specific lipase activity of pancreatic tissue (U per mg of protein) in group SO was about 1.6-fold higher than that of group L and about 3-fold higher than that of group C (31.9, 19 and 11.6, respectively). Specific amylase activity was higher in animals of group C than in those of the other two groups (C : 1689; L : 1112; SO : 984), whereas no difference was observed in chymotrypsin activity. Specific trypsin activity was lowest in group L. These results confirm the adaptation of pancreatic lipase and amylase to their respective substrates. Furthermore, it appears that lipase activity was more or less affected by the degree of unsaturation of lipids and that it was much higher for the same amount of triacylglycerols when the latter were rich in unsaturated fatty acids. The mechanisms involved have not been determined yet, but the possible physiopathological consequences of the increased pancreatic lipid content observed in pigs receiving triacylglycerol-rich diets (including especially saturated fatty acids) should be considered.
The miniaturization design of tapered slot antenna for wideband applications

A miniaturized tapered slot antenna is presented in this paper. A Vivaldi antenna with a novel feeding balun is selected as the basic design and resistive loading is used at the end of it to make a compact structure. The proposed antenna is fabricated with the size of 155mm (length)*120mm (width)*0.6mm (thickness). The measured results, which are in agreement with the simulated theory by HFSS, show that the bandwidth is 0.36~4GHz (S11<;-10dB), while the gain varies between -6.2 and 7.5dB. It is indicated that the antenna can be used for wideband applications which have strict request for the size.
Influence of the load angle on the magnetic pressure harmonic content of a WRSM

For the comfort and security of users, noise of electric motors is a critical issue. The harmonic content of the magnetic pressure inside the air gap being the source of the sound radiated by the stator, it suits to know the impact of field weakening. We will show that for some load angles the pressure harmonics change so that the field weakening could be heard.
Insight into the "odd" hexose transporters GLUT3, GLUT5, and GLUT7.

glucose transport facilitators (GLUT proteins) mediate the transport of glucose and other monosaccharides into and out of mammalian cells and therefore play a pivotal role in maintaining blood glucose concentrations in a normal range between 4.5 and 6 mM ([14][1]). In addition, GLUT proteins are
Regulation of B Cell Differentiation and Plasma Cell Generation by IL-21, a Novel Inducer of Blimp-1 and Bcl-61

IL-21 is a type I cytokine whose receptor is expressed on T, B, and NK cells. Within the B cell lineage, IL-21 regulates IgG1 production and cooperates with IL-4 for the production of multiple Ab classes in vivo. Using IL-21-transgenic mice and hydrodynamics-based gene delivery of IL-21 plasmid DNA into wild-type mice as well as in vitro studies, we demonstrate that although IL-21 induces death of resting B cells, it promotes differentiation of B cells into postswitch and plasma cells. Thus, IL-21 differentially influences B cell fate depending on the signaling context, explaining how IL-21 can be proapoptotic for B cells in vitro yet critical for Ag-specific Ig production in vivo. Moreover, we demonstrate that IL-21 unexpectedly induces expression of both Blimp-1 and Bcl-6, indicating mechanisms as to how IL-21 can serve as a complex regulator of B cell maturation and terminal differentiation. Finally, BXSB-Yaa mice, which develop a systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease, have greatly elevated IL-21, suggesting a role for IL-21 in the development of autoimmune disease.
Correctness of Gossip-Based Membership under Message Loss

Due to their simplicity and effectiveness, gossip-based membership protocols have become the method of choice for maintaining partial membership in large P2P systems. A variety of gossip-based membership protocols were proposed. Some were shown to be effective empirically, lacking analytic understanding of their properties. Others were analyzed under simplifying assumptions, such as lossless and delay-less network. It is not clear whether the analysis results hold in dynamic networks where both nodes and network links can fail. In this paper we try to bridge this gap. We first enumerate the desirable properties of a gossip-based membership protocol, such as view uniformity, independence, and load balance. We then propose a simple Send & Forget protocol, and show that even in the presence of message loss, it achieves the desirable properties.
Absence of Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) in Respiratory Distress Syndrome in the Newborn

Summary: Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) was absent from lung effluent in 41 infants with respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn (RDS), whereas effluent from healthy control subjects of similar gestational age contained this phospholipid (4.9 ± 2.4% of lipid-phosphorus (P), n = 32). Control infants of 28 weeks of gestation or less with various respiratory disturbances other than RDS also had low PG (0.2 ± 0.2% of lipid-P, n = 5). In RDS surfactant complex often could be isolated from the airways using differential and density gradient centrifugation. The material thus obtained had prominent phosphatidylinositol (PI) (13.6 ± 2.8% of lipid-P, n = 6), but no PG. Of those 18 infants who had such surfactant even in the early stages of RDS, 13 were 35 weeks of gestation or more, 3 were offspring of diabetic mothers, and 2 had severe perinatal asphyxia. In healthy control subjects PG sometimes appeared first within an hour of birth, but in RDS PG did not appear until recovery from RDS.In RDS type II (transient tachypnea of the newborn) PG in lung effluent also was abnormally low (1.3 ± 0.6% of lipid-P, n = 5) and PI was correspondingly prominent (9.7 ± 3.6% of lipid-P, n = 5), indicating immaturity of surfactant similar to RDS.Surfactant with PG and PI has superior surface-active properties compared to that containing PI, but no PG. Surfactant without PG does not seem to stabilize the alveoli of the newborn as well as does surfactant with PG. The failure of PG appearance following birth therefore may precipitate RDS, especially beyond 35 weeks of gestation.Speculation: Pre- and postnatal monitoring of the acidic phospholipids, PG and PI, in lung effluent is useful in diagnosis and follow-up of RDS as well as in evaluation of various therapies.
Ty3 Nucleocapsid Controls Localization of Particle Assembly

ABSTRACT Expression of the budding yeast retrotransposon Ty3 results in production of viruslike particles (VLPs) and retrotransposition. The Ty3 major structural protein, Gag3, similar to retrovirus Gag, is processed into capsid, spacer, and nucleocapsid (NC) during VLP maturation. The 57-amino-acid Ty3 NC protein has 17 basic amino acids and contains one copy of the CX2CX4HX4C zinc-binding motif found in retrovirus NC proteins. Ty3 RNA, protein, and VLPs accumulate in clusters associated with RNA processing bodies (P bodies). This study investigated the role of the NC domain in Ty3-P body clustering and VLP assembly. Fifteen Ty3 NC Ala substitution and deletion mutants were examined using transposition, immunoblot, RNA protection, cDNA synthesis, and multimerization assays. Localization of Ty3 proteins and VLPs was characterized microscopically. Substitutions of each of the conserved residues of the zinc-binding motif resulted in the loss of Ty3 RNA packaging. Substitution of the first two of four conserved residues in this motif caused the loss of Ty3 RNA and protein clustering with P bodies and disrupted particle formation. NC was shown to be a mediator of formation of Ty3 RNA foci and association of Ty3 RNA and protein with P bodies. Mutations that disrupted these NC functions resulted in various degrees of Gag3 nuclear localization and a spectrum of different particle states. Our findings are consistent with the model that Ty3 assembly is associated with P-body components. We hypothesize that the NC domain acts as a molecular switch to control Gag3 conformational states that affect both assembly and localization.