Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Electromagnetic Far-Field radiated above a Two-layer Conducting Earth

The electromagnetic fields (EMFs) transmitted from a circular loop antenna (a vertical magnetic dipole (VMD)) placed on a specific height over multi-layer conducting earth at high frequencies and its image source fields have been represented. The integral representations of image source fields were evaluated by using simple approach. The solution of the linear Maxwell’s equations in the frequency domain were gotten, utilizing Hertz vector to decreasing the field integrals to mixes of known Sommerfeld integrals (SIs), which is favorable over the past numerical methods, considering initial, boundary, and transition conditions. The solution determines the EMFs in the conductive media which consists of primary and scattered waves. The outcomes acquired from this paper can be utilized to assess numerical arrangements of various complexities, for example the underlying multilayered media. In addition, the derived formulation would be useful for interpreting airborne EM systems, and will be helpful for remote detecting particularly when the transmitter is near the surface.
Mapping of Road Marking and Localization of F1/10 Autonomous Car Using a Camera- Acronym

This thesis focuses on building a navigation system for an autonomous vehicle in an unknown environment. We use a single monocular camera as a primary sensor input. We build a system for detection of road lane markings from individual camera images. We then use these detected markings as landmarks for building a map fragment of the currently perceived surroundings. To create a global map and localise within it, we use an existing 2D LIDAR-based SLAM solution (Cartographer [26]) which employs modern scan matching and loop closure algorithms. We build the whole system for Robotic Operating System (ROS) and verify the solution on various experimental tracks using a scaled-down model of a car called F1/10. In the scenario with low speed and low track complexity, the localisation shows accurate results (mean position error of 0.14 m) and loop closure manages to build an accurate and consistent map. However, the results show that the performance quickly deteriorates with a higher speed and a higher track complexity. We suggest possible causes and solutions.
Supplemental Material for FroDO: From Detections to 3D Objects

After estimating the bounding box of an object, good views are selected by employing a pruning scheme. This scheme uses three criteria to reject frames based on (1) bounding box size, (2) occlusions and (3) overlap with other objects. (1) is implemented via a threshold on the width and height of the bounding box (BB), and (2,3) are implemented using a threshold on the intersection over union (IoU) of the bounding boxes. Figure 1 illustrates these strategies. The selection helps to identify better initial detections to extract good shape codes and later on leads to an optimization with clean energy terms. An ablation study on the detection pruning on Redwood-OS dataset is demonstrated in Table 1.
Radiosensitivity enhanced by recombinant adenovirus p53 in lung adenocarcinoma

Objective: To evaluate the effect of recombinant adenovirus p53 injection (rAd-p53) on the radiosensitivity of human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A2. Methods: A2 cells were divided into control group (group C),drug treatment group (group D),radiation therapy group (group R),and radiation therapy plus drug treatment group (group R+D). Radiation dose-effect curve was obtained by using single-hit,multi-target model. The cell survival was detected by cloning assay,and the cell cycle and cell apoptosis rate were determined by using flow cytometry. Results: The D0 and Dq values were 1.26 and 3.37 Gy in group R and 0.45 and 1.05 Gy in group R+D. The SERD0 and SERDq were 2.8 and 3.21,respectively. The results of flow cytometry indicated that rAd-p53 induced G2/M-phase arrest and increased cell apoptosis rate significantly (P 0.05). The percentage of cells in G2/M phase positively correlated with the cell apoptosis rate (rs=0.989,P 0.05). Conclusion: rAd-p53 is a potential radiosensitizer for lung adenocarcinoma cell line A2 in vitro.
Resistance to desiccation in some dune-living spiders

Fifteen species of spiders from sand dunes were studied in very low humidity in still air and 14 species in slight wind. All dune-living spiders investigated showed a high resistance to desiccation. When the relative humidity was increased from 0 to 13 %, survival usually increased by 200-300 %. The nymphs had a lower resistance than the adults and among the nymphs the resistance increased with age. There was no correlation between the size of the species and their tolerance to low humidity. In slight wind, i.e. 1.1 m/sec, at 13 % RH and 15'C, survival was shortened by 65-90%. Ground-living species with long and numerous trichobothria had a very low tolerance to wind, whereas species living in the vegetation and with short trichobothria were much more tolerant.
On the Conductivity of the Xylem in Trees

The xylem of three tree species, the ring porous Fraxirtus excelsior L. , and the diffuse porous Acer pseudoplatanus L. , and Salix atrocinerea Brot. , has been examined to determine how closely flow through it obeys the Poiseuille equation. The equation was most closely obeyed in the relationship between flow-rate and pressure difference between the ends of the xylem cylinder, though there were differences between the ring and diffuse porous types. The relationship of flowrate and specific conductivity to the radius of the xylem cylinder was complex. Fraxinus showed a rise with increase of radius up to a given size (0*54 cm), followed by a steep decline. This decline was shown to be caused by a progressive increase in the number of vessels which were unable to conduct water. Small increases in the viscosity of the xylem liquid produced a disproportionately large fall in the rate of flow, and the specific conductivity of the xylem decreased. With viscosities greater than 2 5 centipoise, the specific conductivity remained constant. An effect of alternately raising and lowering the hydrostatic pressure of the xylem water on the specific conductivity of the wood is described. These results are discussed in relation to the structure of the xylem, and particularly with regard to the possibility that the conduction channels in the wood consist of a system of microcapillaries surrounding the vessel cavities.
Immunological investigation of rabies virus and oral vaccination effectiveness in raccoon dog population in Lithuania.

Ingrida Jacevičienė, Eugenijus Jacevičius, Vytas Antanas Tamošiūnas, Gediminas Pridotkas, Jonas Milius, Kazimieras Lukauskas 3,5 Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology of Vilnius University, Molėtų str. 29 LT-08409 Vilnius National Food and Veterinary Risk Assessment Institute, Kairiūkščio str. 10, LT–08409 Vilnius tel. +370 5 278 0474; e-mail: ijaceviciene@vet.lt Department of Infectious Diseases, Lithuanian Veterinary Academy, Tilžės str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas Department of Food Safety and Animal Hygiene, Lithuanian Veterinary Academy, Tilžės str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas LR, The State Food and Veterinary Service, Siesikų str. 19, LT-07170 Vilnius
Batch and Sequential Policy Optimization with Doubly Robust Objectives

In this paper, we investigate a policy’s ability to exploit batches of experience when trained on different objectives. We introduce objectives based on doubly robust estimation that are orders of magnitude better in their ability to exploit batches of experience. In addition, we compare these objectives in the both batch and sequential settings, with one and multiple steps of policy iteration respectively. We ﬁnd that batch policy iteration introduces difﬁculties distinct from the on-policy setting where a policy only updates with a single trajectory before generating a new trajectory. Despite exploration receiving considerable attention, exploitation in the context of optimization can also be quite challenging for current objectives
’ response Response to Referee # 1

In this paper the authors consider how late winter solar radiation driven convection may be controlled by the relative strength of Coriolis force. As many as half the lakes in the world freeze and are located at high latitudes where Coriolis forces could be important. However it is very hard to do field work under these lakes, and while the process of solar driven convection is somewhat well known, how Coriolis forces interact with lateral temperature gradients to drive basin wide circulation is not well known. This paper represents an important first step to address some of these issues. The paper is well written, and my comments below are mainly about putting this new work into context of existing literature of Coriolis effects on convection. Addressing these comments does not require any changes to figures, rather just some careful thought to some of text so should be somewhat straight forward and will make the paper stronger.
A Survey of Classification Techniques in Data Mining

---Classification is a model finding process that is used for portioning the data into different classes according to some constrains. The main goal is to accurately predict the class for each data. A classification analysis requires that the end-user know ahead of time how classes are defined. This paper focuses on a survey on various classification techniques that are most commonly used in data-mining. There are several classification mechanisms that can be used such as K-nearest neighbor, Bayesian network, Neural Networks, Decision Trees, Fuzzy Logic, Support Vector Machine, Boosting etc. This paper also deals with a study on some of these commonly used techniques that are being widely used.
Fermentation method of high ratios of biobutanol with Landoltia punctata

Butanol produced from Landoltia punctata by Clostridium acetobutylicum CICC 8012 was studied.High starch content duckweed L.punctata was screened and the monosaccharide composition of acidic hydrolysate of L.punctata contains glucose,xylose and galactose was obtained by HPLC analysis.It was found that the gelatinized L.punctata culture medium could be fermented directly.It was observed that 9.31g/L butanol and 13.60g/L acetone butanol ethanol(ABE) was produced from 47.50g/L total sugar of gelatinized culture medium of L.punctata and the fermentation yield was 0.35,in which,butanol accounted for 68.46% of total solvent and 14.11% higher than that fermented with corn starch.The was fermented after,Yield of butanol and ABE reached 9.61g/L and 14.80g/L,respectively,when fermented with viscosity reduced gelatinized culture medium of L.punctata,which showed an improvement of 3.22% and 8.82% respectively.Analysis with HPLC indicated that residual sugar mainly contained polysaccharides that composed of xylose and galactose,and a little glucose.This research firstly developed a new non-raw feedstock on biobutanol fermentation technology,which was simple and had advantages of high ratio of target product-biobutanol.
Delay Tolerant Cluster Based Routing For Wireless Sensor Networks

In a dynamic Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) the movement of each sensor node affects the structure of network which may result in inefficient routing. Various difficulties in a dynamic network may include lack of communication between the nodes, end to end delay and transmission overhead. Transmitting data in a dynamic network to the destination node with less delay is the major problem to be addressed. Sensed data can be transmitted using flooding scheme, where the end to end delay can be minimized but results in transmission overhead. In this scheme sensed data is broadcasted to all the nearby nodes until it reaches the sink node. The proposed system make use of cluster based routing protocol, where the sensor nodes with similar mobility pattern are grouped into cluster. Exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) scheme is used for updating the nodal contact probability of each cluster node. Two Gateway nodes are selected for routing which performs data transmission. The simulation result shows that cluster based routing protocol implemented for a dynamic wireless sensor network result in less end to end delay. KeyTerms -Clustering, delay tolerant network, routing, wireless sensor networks.
Chapter 2 Internal Stability : Notions and Characterizations 2

This chapter is devoted to the analysis of internal global stability notions used in mathematical control and systems theory. The stability notions presented are developed in the system-theoretic framework described in the previous chapter so that one can obtain a wide perspective of the role of stability in various classes of deterministic systems. The stability notions developed in this chapter are referred to as “internal” because these notions are “uniform” with respect to the effect of external inputs (e.g., disturbances). Therefore, the notions are applicable to both certain and uncertain systems, and can be regarded as direct extensions of the conventional stability notions for systems with no external inputs, i.e., for the disturbance-free case. A large part of this chapter is also devoted to the presentation of methods of proving stability. For testing global stability properties, there exist at least seven different methods in the literature, as shown below:
E-learning During COVID-19 Pandemic: Obstacles Faced Nursing Students and Its Effect on Their Attitudes While Applying It

Background: E-learning is the use of the internet and its related devices for educational purposes without geographical restrictions, especially after the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic, which led to a disruption of education in the classrooms in Egypt and around the world. Teaching and learning via the internet is a novel experience for most teachers and students. Aim: to investigate the effect of obstacles faced nursing students on their attitudes towards e-learning while applying it during COVID-19 pandemic. Design: A descriptive correlational research design. Setting: The study was conducted at Faculty of Nursing, Menoufia University, Egypt. Subjects: A stratified random sample technique was employed for the selection of 30% from the students in each of the four academic years enrolled in Faculty of Nursing, Menoufia University during the academic year 2019/2020. Tools: Interviewing questionnaire, attitude towards e-learning scale, and obstacles of e-learning questionnaires. Results: The results revealed that overall, 61.6% of students had negative attitudes towards e-learning. There was the highest level of total obstacles present among academic students in the first year were (67.6%) and the lowest level of total obstacles present among academic students in the fourth year was (55.7%) that faced nursing students during using e-learning. the most common dimensions of obstacles to e-learning were infrastructure and technology, technical and management support, and instructors' characteristics (87.1%, 85.2%, and 82.9%, respectively). Conclusions: There was a high statistically significant negative correlation between obstacles facing nursing students, and their attitudes toward e-learning. Recommendations: The Board Directors of the Faculty of Nursing must take the necessary measures to improve electronic learning and teaching during the closure. Also, a systematic strategy should be followed to implement e-learning since it is a new experience for Menoufia University.
Structural Aspects of Graph Homomorphisms

This thesis is about graph-indexed random walks, Lipschitz mappings and graph homomorphisms. It discusses connections between these notions, surveys the existing results, and shows new results. Graph homomorphism is an adjacency-preserving mapping between two graphs. Our main objects of study are graph homomorphisms to an infinite path. We are interested in two parameters: maximum range and average range. The average range of a graph is the expected size of the image of a uniformly picked random homomorphism to an infinite path. We obtain formulas for several graph classes and investigate main conjectures on this parameter. For maximum range parameter we show a general formula and an algorithm to compute it for general graphs. Besides that, we study the problem of extending a prescribed partial graph homomorphism to a full graph homomorphism. We show that this problem is polynomial in some cases.
Interactive comment on “Responses to severe weather warnings and affective decision-making” by Philippe Weyrich et al

Introduction : Comment #1: In the introduction, I appreciate that the authors try to draw on relevant theory from psychology and decision sciences. However, how the introduction stands now, it is long and in some parts confusing. I’d recommend to focus more on the applied value of this applied study and the factors varied in them, and what it adds to the current literature. The cited work of Casteel (2016, for example) or Andrea Taylor, University of Leeds, UK (2019) are excellent examples for how this could be done. If it is necessary to draw on several theories from cognitive and decision sciences, please clarify what are the precise predictions regarding the main independent variables explored here, based on these theories. This should be either based on theories, previous findings, or ideally integrate both. Regarding theory, I’d suggest narrow
DMSO_A_269386 2925..2933

1School of Nursing and Midwifery, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia Region, Ethiopia; 2Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia Region, Ethiopia; 3Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia Region, Ethiopia; 4Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia Region, Ethiopia; 5Department of Psychiatry, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia Region, Ethiopia; 6Department of Medical Laboratory, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia Region, Ethiopia; 7Department of Internal Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia Region, Ethiopia Introduction: Early detection of the unrecognized diabetes mellitus (DM) and its risk factors in the community is crucial to minimizing the burden of DM and associated complications. Hence, this study aimed to assess unrecognized DM and its relationship with behavioral characteristics, physical characteristics, and lipid profile among adults in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 915 adults in Jimma Town from June 17 to July 27, 2019. Physical measurements, lipid profile, and blood sugar levels were measured. The collected data were entered and analyzed using Epi Data 3.1 and SPSS version 21, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression was fitted to assess predictors of unrecognized DM where adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the strength of association at P-value ≤05. Results: The prevalence of unrecognized DM and impaired glucose metabolism (prediabetes) were 3.1% (95% CI; 2.0–4.4) and 14.8% (95% CI; 12.5–17.2), respectively. The risk of unrecognized DM was higher among male participants (AOR = 2.94, 95% CI: 1.19, 7.29), age group of 35 years and above (AOR = 3.45, 95% CI: 1.16, 10.27), and high waist circumference (AOR = 4.21, 95% CI: 1.72, 10.33). On the other hand, participants who perform sufficient physical activity (AOR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.58) had low risk of undetected DM. Conclusion: The prevalence of unrecognized diabetes mellitus was relatively high. Male sex, advanced age, physical inactivity, and high waist circumference were found to be predictors of unrecognized DM. Thus, awareness needs to be created among the community to practice regular physical activity and maintaining normal body weight. Additionally, screening of DM should be promoted for early detection, prevention, and treatment.
Cooperative Wireless Congestion Control for Multi-Service V2X Communication

Wireless congestion control and resource allocation for 802.11p based V2X safety communication have been widely investigated for a single Cooperative Awareness service, considering homogeneous resource requirement per vehicle. Future cooperative connected vehicles, will have heterogeneous capabilities and communication needs, which existing congestion control mechanisms have not fully addressed. In this paper, we analyze issues with the channel congestion control protocol standardized in Europe by ETSI, regarding distributed resource allocation for heterogeneous number of services and message types per vehicle. We present a cooperative congestion control mechanism to orchestrate channel resource among a mixed distribution of vehicles with diverse resource requirements under channel congestion. Simulation based evaluation using standardized safety messages show the application performance improvement rendered by our proposed mechanism, compared to the standardized protocol.
Screening and Identification of Diosgenin-Producing Endophytic Bacteria from Paris polyphylla chinensis

107 endophytes were isolated.from underground stem tubers of Paris polyphylla chinensis. RZ03 and RZ07 could produce diosgenin were screened through TLC testing. Their morphology, physiology, and biochemistry were characterized and their 16S rDNA sequence were compared with related sequences obtained from GenBank+EMBL+DDBJ, and phylogenetic tree of their 16S rDNA sequence were drawn with ClustalW respectively. The homology between RZ03 and DQ019167 (Exiguobacterium acetylicum) was 99%, therefore, RZ03 was identified as E. acetylicum RZ03. And The homology between RZ07 and DQ207730 (Bacillus subtilis) was 99%, therefore, RZ07 was identified as B. subtilis RZ07.