Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Natural convection within water-zno nanofluid-filled hemispherical enclosure with a cubic electronic device

This work qualifies and quantifies the nanofluidic natural convective phenomena occurring in a hemispherical enclosure used for electronics applications. This cavity consists of a disk thermally insulated on its rear face, an active cube centered on the disk which generates a constant heat flux and an isothermal dome. The disc of the cavity remains horizontal while its dome is oriented either upwards or downwards. The considered nanofluid is a mixture of water with metallic ZnO nanoparticles. In order to examine the influence of these nanoparticles on the natural convective heat transfer, three values of the volume fraction considered: 0% (pure water), 1% and 5%. The dimensionless governing system of the problem under consideration is solved by means of the control volume method in combination with the SIMPLE algorithm. The structured mesh is composed of triangular surfacic elements and tetrahedral in the volumic domain. Temperature and velocity distributions are presented for some configurations and convective heat transfer is examined for all processed ones. The natural convective heat transfer is quantified by means of Nusselt-Rayleigh-Prandtl correlations. NOMENCLATURE a [ms] thermal diffusivity b [-] exponent defined in Eq. (6) C [J.kgK] specific heat at constant pressure g [m.s] gravity acceleration k [-] coefficient defined in Eq. (6) L [m] side of the active cube m [-] coefficient defined in Eq. (6) n [m] outgoing normal * n [-] dimensionless outgoing normal R / n n = Nu [-] average Nusselt Number P [W] generated power Pr [-] Prandtl Number (-) q [Wm] generated heat flux, h S / P q = R [m] radius of the dome Ra [-] Rayleigh number h S [m] exchange area of the cube
A comparative study on JPEG-Like and EZW based image coders

This paper presents a comparative study on image coders using the discrete cosine transform and the discrete wavelet transform, addressing in particular the JPEG-like and the EZW based image coders. We compare and evaluate the JPEG Baseline Image coder (using the DCT), a JPEG-like image coder based on the DWT, and an EZW coder, which is also based on the DWT. Taking into account the differences on the architecture of the coders, we compare them by using the same test images, for approximately the same conditions and characteristics, namely the approximately equal compression ratio. Key-Words: Image Coding, JPEG-Like Architectures, Discrete Cosine Transform, Discrete Wavelet Transform, EZW Coding.
Sosialt nettverk og sosial status i ei klasse med ein elev med multihandikap

International Section A: Humanities and Social Science. 59, 7-A, 2444. KUF (1996): Læreplanverket for den 10-åringe grunnskolen. Oslo, Nasjonalt Læremiddelsenter. MODELL, S.J., RIDER, R.A. OG MENCHETTI, B.M. (1997): An exploration of the influence of educational placement on the community recreation and leisure patterns of children with developmental disabilities. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 85, 695– 704. MORENO, J.L. (1953): Who shall survive. Beacon N.Y. : Beacon House. MU, K, SIEGEL, E.B. OG ALLINDER, R.M. (2000): Peer interactions and sociometric status of studets with moderate or severe disabilities in general education classroom. Journal of the Assiociation for Persons with Severe Handicaps. 25, 3, 142–152. PEARL, R. , FARMER, T.W, VAN ACKER, R. , RODKIN, P.C. BOST, K.K OG HENLEY, M.C. W. (1998): The Social Integration of Students with Mild Disabilities in General Education Classrooms: Peer Group Membership and Peer-Assessed Social Behavior: The Elementary School Journal. 99, 2, 168–185 PERAINO, J. (1992): Post-21 follow-up studies: how do special education graduates fare. In Wehman (red.) Life beyond the classroom: transition strategies for young people with disabilities. Baltimore, MD, Brooks,21–70 SABORNIE, E.J OG KAUFMAN, J.M. (1987): Assigned, received and reciprocal Social status of sdolescents with and without mild mental retardation. Education and Training in Mental Retardation. 22, 3, 139–149. SIPERSTEIN,G.N. OG LEFFERT, J.S. (1999): Managing limited resources: Do children with Learning problems share? Exceptional Children. 65, 2 , 187–199 SLETTA, O. (1985): Sosiale bytteforhold ved samspill i skoleklasser. Universitetsforlaget. SLETTA, O. , SØBSTAD, F. OG VALÅS, H. (1995): Humour, peer acceptance and perceived social competence in preschool and school-aged children. British Journal of Educational Psychology. 65, 179–195. VALÅS, H. (1999): Students With Learning Disabilities and LowAchieving Students: Peer Acceptance, Loneliness, Self-Esteem, and Depression. Social Psychology of Education. 3, 173–192. 949.book Page 65 Wednesday, May 21, 2003 1:32 PM
The Shareholders Confidence and Effectiveness of the Joint Auditors: Empirical Validation in the French Context

The goal of our research work is to show the effect of the presence of joint auditors (BIG4) and a few mechanisms of governance on the shareholders’ confidence. We are trying to explore the relationship between its different variables in the French context during the period 2005-2010. The empirical results show a positive and significant relationship between, on the one hand, the presence of two auditors BIG4, the opinion of the auditors, the independence of the members of the audit committees and the boards of directors and the asset efficiency and the confidence of the shareholders of the counterpart. On the other hand, the audit fees, the collaboration period between the associate signatories, the size and the debts of the companies seem to have a negative and significant effect on the shareholders’ confidence.
Treating ESL Writing Errors: Balancing Form and Content

The general acceptance of Communicative Language Teaching has generated confusion with respect to the role of writing in the ESL curriculum, the usefulness of ESL writing error treatment, and the form that treatment should take. An imaginary conflict between the goals of encouraging students’ communicative use of L2 and that of promoting formal correctness often discourages ESL teachers from dealing with writing errors that may be easily treatable during early stages of learning but which, left untreated, continue to affect students’ performance at much higher academic levels. By careful application of appropriate techniques, teachers can provide error treatment while promoting habits of self monitoring, revision, and autonomy.
DEVELOPMENT OF UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF BENIDIPINE HYDROCHLORIDE BY USING QUALITY BY DESIGN (QbD) APPROACH

Objective: To develop a simple, rapid, accurate, robust and inexpensive spectrophotometric method for the estimation of benidipine hydrochloride by using quality by design (QbD)” approach.Methods: A UV spectrophotometric method was developed on Shimadzu UV-1800 double beam spectrophotometer using methanol as solvent and wavelength of 236 nm was selected as absorbance maxima (𝜆max). Effect of input variables on spectrum characteristics were studied for the selection of critical parameters and proposed method was validated for various parameters like system suitability, linearity, precision, accuracy, detection limits and quantification limits as per the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines ICH Q2(R1). Results: Linearity of the method was found to be excellent over the concentration range 3 to 18 µg/ml with high correlation coefficient value of 0.9999. Limits of detection and quantification were found to be 0.20 µg/ml and 0.60 µg/ml respectively. The mean recovery was found to be 100.35 % with low percentage relative standard deviation (% RSD) value. The precision study also has shown low % RSD value (<1). No interfering peaks were observed during specificity studies.Conclusion: Obtained result indicated that the developed spectrophotometric method is robust and efficient for the determination of benidipine hydrochloride.
Conceptual Extraction of Domain Knowledge Graph in Different Data Sources

With the continuous evolution and the Web technology development, the knowledge graphs are favored by various fields with theirs powerful semantic processing ability and open interconnection ability. All the industries and universities have built their own areas of knowledge graph, how to extract the concepts from different data sources becomes the key technology of knowledge graph construction, the more complete the concept extraction, the more comprehensive the knowledge graph, the higher the value of the use. This paper will illustrate the conceptual extraction methods of knowledge graph, in order to guide scholars to choose reasonable methods for academic analysis and enhance the application level of knowledge graph.
Isolation and identification of lactic acid bacteria from abalone (Haliotis asinina) as a potential candidate of probiotic

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengisolasi, menyeleksi dan mengkarakterisasi Bakteri Asam Laktat (BAL) dari induk abalon yang berpotensi sebagai kandidat probiotik pada sistem budidaya abalon. Isolasi selektif BAL dilakukan menggunakan media de Man Rogosa Sharpe Agar. Isolat BAL yang berpotensi sebagai probiotik diskrining. Pemilihan ini didasarkan atas kemampuannya dalam menekan pertumbuhan bakteri patogen, resistensi terhadap kondisi asam, resistensi terhadap bile salt (empedu). Selanjutnya dilakukan karakterisasi dan identifikasi untuk mengetahui spesiesnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 2 di antara 10 isolat yang berhasil diisolasi dari abalon berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi bakteri probiotik karena mempunyai kemampuan menghambat beberapa bakteri patogen yaitu Eschericia coli, Bacillus cereus dan Staphylococus aureus, mampu tumbuh pada kondisi asam dan toleran terhadap cairan empedu selama inkubasi 24 jam. Berdasarkan uji API Kit, kedua isolat teridentifikasi sebagai anggota spesies Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei.
REASONS FOR GRAVITATIONAL MASS AND THE PROBLEM OF QUANTUM GRAVITY

The problem of quantum gravity is considered from a radically new viewpoint based on a detailed mathematical analysis of what the constitution of physical space is, which has recently been carried out by Michel Bounias and the author. The approach allows the introduction of the notion of mass as a local deformation of space regarded as a tessellation lattice of founding elements (topological balls, or cells, or superparticles) whose size is estimated as the value of around the Planck one. The next aspect used at the examination of the problem is submicroscopic mechanics developed by the author, which can easily be transformed to the conventional formalism of quantum mechanics. The interaction of a moving particle-like deformation with the surrounding lattice of space involves a fractal decomposition process that supports the existence and properties of previously postulated \inerton clouds" as associated to particles. The cloud of inertons surrounding the particle spreads out to the range = c=v from the particle where v and c are velocities of the particle and light, respectively, and is the de Broglie wavelength of the particle. Therefore, the particle’s inertons return the real sense to the wave -function as the eld of inertia of the moving particle. Since inertons transfer fragments of the particle mass, they play also the role of carriers of gravitational properties of the particle. The submicroscopic concept stated above has successfully been veried experimentally, though so far rather in microscopic and intermediate ranges.
Interactions between microbial consortia in biofilms: a paradigm shift in rumen microbial ecology and enteric methane mitigation

Minimising enteric CH4 emissions from ruminants is a current research priority because CH4 contributes to global warming. The most effective mitigation strategy is to adjust the animal’s diet to complement locally available feed resources so that optimal production is gained from a minimum of animals. This essay concentrates on a second strategy – the use of feed additives that are toxic to methanogens or that redirect H2 (and electrons) to inhibit enteric CH4 emissions from individual animals. Much of the published research in this area is contradictory and may be explained when the microbial ecology of the rumen is considered. Rumen microbes mostly exist in organised consortia within biofilms composed of self-secreted extracellular polymeric substances attached to or within feed particles. In these biofilms, individual colonies are positioned to optimise their use of preferred intermediates from an overall process of organic matter fermentation that generates end-products the animal can utilise. Synthesis of CH4 within biofilms prevents a rise in the partial pressure of H2 (pH2) to levels that inhibit bacterial dehydrogenases, and so reduce fermentation rate, feed intake and digestibility. In this context, hypotheses are advanced to explain changes in hydrogen disposal from the biofilms in the rumen resulting from use of anti-methanogenic feed additives as follows. Nitrate acts as an alternative electron sink when it is reduced via NO2– to NH3 and CH4 synthesis is reduced. However, efficiency of CH4 mitigation is always lower than that predicted and decreases as NO3– ingestion increases. Suggested reasons include (1) variable levels of absorption of NO3–or NO2– from the rumen and (2) increases in H2 production. One suggestion is that NO3– reduction may lower pH2 at the surface of biofilms, thereby creating an ecological niche for growth of syntrophic bacteria that oxidise propionate and/or butyrate to acetate with release of H2. Chlorinated hydrocarbons also inhibit CH4 synthesis and increase H2 and formate production by some rumen methanogens. Formate diffuses from the biofilm and is converted to HCO3– and H2 in rumen fluid and is then excreted via the breath. Short-chain nitro-compounds inhibit both CH4 and formate synthesis when added to ruminal fluid but have little or no effect in redirecting H2 to other sinks, so the pH2 within biofilms may increase to levels that support reductive acetogenesis. Biochar or activated charcoal may also alter biofilm activity and reduce net CH4 synthesis; direct electron transfer between microbes within biofilms may also be involved. A final suggestion is that, during their sessile life stage, protozoa interact with biofilm communities and help maintain pH2 in the biofilm, supporting methanogenesis.
Some decomposable codes: the |a+x|b+x|a+b+x| construction

Codes with decomposable structure allow the use of multistage decoding procedures to achieve suboptimum bounded-distance error performance with reduced decoding complexity. This correspondence presents some new decomposable codes, including a class of distance-8 codes, that are constructed based on the |a+x|b+x|a+b+x| construction method. Some existing best codes are shown to be decomposable and hence can be decoded with multistage decoding.
Title PRICE DISCRIMINATION THROUGH GROUP BUYING

This paper argues that when consumers are heterogeneous in group-buying costs, a monopolist seller may practice price discrimination through inducing certain consumers to participate in group buying. In contrast to the standard model, the optimal quantity/quality level for low valuation consumers without group buying is further distorted downward, whereas the levels for other consumers are socially optimal. Inducing group buying is more favorable when the proportion of high valuation consumers is higher, or the valuation differential is larger. We also discuss two extensions: one allowing for consumersʼ arbitrage behavior and the other one allowing for more potential group buying consumers.
Modelado de tráfico telemático

La necesidad de conocer el comportamiento del trafico telematico subyace a toda discusion relacionada con el dimensionamiento y diseno de controles de redes de telecomunicacion. En este articulo se presente una breve panoramica de la problematica de modelar trafico y de los modelos matematicos hoy en dia mas empleados.
DDOS Attack Detection using DFT Based Signal Processing Approach

: Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks are the perennial upheavals over the Internet. Numerous DDoS attacks defending contraptions have been posited in the liberal arts but yet such assaults are surging year by year. In this paper, we instigate a detection technique that is hinged on DFT (Discrete Fourier Transformation) based signal processing technique. Through flow based assay the various parameters (Meu value, packet size variance and entropy) for each connection of network traffic are scrutinized. If the difference between above parameters and their corresponding mean values exceeds the threshold value, the attacks are recognised. Our detection mechanism analyse both the local and the global data traffic efficiently and effectively with high detection accuracy and no false alarms. Beside these, the last phase of the proposed strategy isolates the malicious nodes.
Fiscal Federalism and Optimal Income Taxes

This paper studies how local policies? specifically, taxes on income with redistributive goals? affect the migration decisions of individuals and, in turn, how these migration decisions affect local and economy-wide tax and redistribution policies. The author develops a model of optimal taxation for a federal system of governments in the tradition of Mirrlees (1971), where taxes can be fully nonlinear but informational asymmetries prevent the equalization of well being across workers due to informational rents. This article extends the large literature on federalism and tax competition by obtaining optimal tax formulas for the federal and state governments. The literature has mainly focused on inefficiencies that arise due to fiscal externalities when governments have access to restricted instruments (for example, allowing only linear taxes). Contrary to previous results in that literature, the author shows here that state governments will provide redistribution through taxes and that, in a symmetric equilibrium, the overall tax schedule that combines the actions of both the federal and state governments is the same as that of a unitary government. This implies that, under the conditions analyzed in the model, there is no reason to restrict income redistribution objectives to the federal government only, as commonly prescribed in the literature.
Dispersion-induced dynamics of coupled modes in a semiconductor laser with saturable absorption

We present an experimental and theoretical study of modal nonlinear dynamics in a specially designed dual-mode semiconductor Fabry-Perot laser with a saturable absorber. At zero bias applied to the absorber section, we have found that with increasing device current, single mode self-pulsations evolve into a complex dynamical state where the total intensity experiences regular bursts of pulsations on a constant background. Spectrally resolved measurements reveal that in this state the individual modes of the device can follow highly symmetric but oppositely directed spiralling orbits. Using a generalization of the rate equation description of a semiconductor laser with saturable absorption to the multimode case, we show that these orbits appear as a consequence of the interplay between the material dispersion in the gain and absorber sections of the laser. Our results provide insights into the factors that determine the stability of multimode states in these systems, and they can inform the development of semiconductor mode-locked lasers with tailored spectra.
Evaluation of D-dimer concentration in Pre-haemodialysis in Sudanese patients

Background: Advanced chronic renal failure (CRF) is referred to as end stage renal disease (ESRD). Patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis treatment represent a high risk group for thromboembolic complications. The aim of this study is to measure concentration of D-dimer of end stage renal failure in pre-haemodialysis and to determine the effect of duration of dialysis on D-dimer concentration. Methods: Forty blood samples from patients with end stage renal failure were collected and compared to 30 samples from healthy persons as control group. D-dimer was measured in both groups using AGAPPE (MISPA-i2). This reagent is used for in vitro quantitative of fibrin degradation product, D-dimer, in human plasma by nephelometric immunoassay. Results: The mean value of the D-Dimer concentration was significantly elevated in the patients group (1.25mg/L) compared to the control group (0.178mg/L). Furthermore, according to the duration of dialysis, D-dimer was 1.04 mg/L in less than 4 yrs and 1.41mg/L in more and 4 yrs hemodialysis duration. Conclusion: The concentration of the DDimer was elevated in the patients pre-hemodialysis. Moreover the duration of hemodialysis was also elevated the D-dimer concentration with increased duration of dialysis.
The role of topical application of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) on bone healing on rabbits (Immunohistochemical study on TGF-β 3 & IGF-1R)

Background: Bone is essentially a highly vascular, living, constantly changing mineralized connective tissue. It is remarkable for its hardness, resilience and regenerative capacity, as well as its characteristic growth mechanisms. This study aimed to: 1. To evaluate the effect of bone morphogenetic protein7 (BMP7) on bone healing in artificially created intrabony defect in rabbits upper diastema, histologically. 2. To study the immunohistochemical expression of TGF-β3 and IGF-1R as bone formation markers in experimental and control groups during bone healing. Material and method: Forty male rabbits, was used in this study, 8 rabbits for each healing interval (3 days, 1,2 ,4 and 6 weeks). In each rabbit two bone holes were created on the right and left sides of the maxilla.BMP7 was applied to the bone hole in the left side while bone hole in the right left for normal healing. Routine processing and sectioning technique performed for histological evaluation. Immunohistochemical analysis utilized to localize the expression of TGF-β3 and IGF-1R in experimental and control groups for all animals. Results: Histological findings indicated that bone defect coated with BMP7 illustrated an early bone formation, mineralization and maturation in comparison to control group. Immunohistochemical findings revealed high positive expression for TGF-B3 and IGF-1R in experimental in comparison to control group. Conclusion: The study concluded that BMP7 protein enhance bone healing and maturation, also it regulate the expression of TGF-B3 and IGF1R in bone.
Trends in EU-East Asian Trade and Their Implications for Europes ASEM Programme

This paper uses a combination of empirical models to investigate how much of a problem the removal of barriers on trade between the ASEM countries is likely to pose for adjustment in the EU economies. While existing revealed comparative advantage and the relative height of barriers suggest that much of the increase in imports will fall in industries where the EU has limited exposure much of the remainder is likely to be highly concentrated and hence costly to absorb. However, a continuation of intra- rather inter- industry specialization seems likely which will reduce the expected costs. Effects on the EU are unlikely to be disproportionate as trade is neither disproportionately restricted in total nor by category. Increases in export demand from the Asian countries will help offset the costs for the EU as a whole but not necessarily for the particular firms and employees affected by the growth in imports. The recent Asian crises may have slowed growth but the prospects from liberalization for both partners are still likely to be above average compared to expansion of trade in the world as a whole.