Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morphosyntactic Learning and the Development of Tense Julie

More broadly, we aim to demonstrate that quantitative aspects of language learning data and concrete mechanisms of the language learning process can play an important role in the generative approach to language acquisition. In section 1, we give a brief overview of the RI literature along with methodological remarks regarding the explanation of the phenomenon. In section 2, we lay out our approach to morphosyntactic learning, which builds on and complements the ideas from previous analyses. Section 3 presents a quantitative study of child-directed Spanish, English, and French. We show that quantitative differences in the morphosyntactic systems of these three languages explain the brief RI stage in Spanish acquisition, the prolonged RI stage in English acquisition, as well as the intermediate status of the RI stage in French. Section 4 is the conclusion.
Individual Preference Probability Modeling and Parameterization for Video Content in Wireless Caching Networks

Caching of video files at the wireless edge, i.e., at the base stations or on user devices, is a key method for improving wireless video delivery. While global popularity distributions of video content have been investigated in the past and used in a variety of caching algorithms, this paper investigates the statistical modeling of the individual user preferences. With individual preferences being represented by probabilities, we identify their critical features and parameters and propose a novel modeling framework by using a genre-based hierarchical structure as well as a parameterization of the framework based on an extensive real-world data set. Besides, the correlation analysis between parameters and critical statistics of the framework is conducted. With the framework, an implementation recipe for generating practical individual preference probabilities is proposed. By comparing with the underlying real data, we show that the proposed models and generation approach can effectively characterize the individual preferences of users for video content.
Pulling polymers on energetically disordered surfaces: molecular dynamics tests of linear and non-linear response

We present equilibrium and non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations of flexible polymer chains absorbed on heterogeneous surfaces. The surfaces are flat but energetically disordered, as they consist of a random mixture of weakly and more strongly absorbing sites (94% and 6%, respectively). For comparison, we have also simulated the two corresponding homogeneous surfaces. We find that this apparently weak energetic disorder can produce very significant changes of the chain statistics (expansion of the radii of gyration), equilibrium dynamics (reduction of the diffusion coeffcients) and non equilibrium response to a horizontal pulling force. On the disordered surfaces, the polymer-surface effective friction coefficient (ratio of pulling force and drift velocity) becomes strongly forcedependent,as the dominant mode of motion changes from localized stick-slip events to smooth and continous sliding. This is strongly reminiscent of the Schallamach model of rubber friction and the Maier-Goritz picture of the Payne effect in filled elastomers.
Di-n-octyl phthalate degradation by a halotolerant bacterial consortium LF and its application in soil

ABSTRACT Di-n-octyl phthalate (DOP), a plasticizer used in many different industrial products, is a frequently observed pollutant in the environment. Biodegradation by microorganisms is considered to be a realistic choice for the remediation of DOP contamination. In the present research, the halotolerant bacterial consortium (LF) enriched in our previous research was used to degrade DOP. It was found that the optimal conditions for LF to degrade DOP was temperature 30oC, pH 6.0, inoculum size >5%, and salt content <3%. LF could degrade a high concentration of DOP (2000 mg/L) with the removal efficiency of 96.33%. Substrate inhibition analyses indicated that the inhibition constant, maximum speciﬁc degradation rate and half-saturation constant were 2544.6 mg/L, 0.7 d−1 and 59.1 mg/L, respectively. Based on the analysis of the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the biodegradation pathway for DOP by LF was proposed. Furthermore, LF could degrade DOP in soil (100 mg/kg) with the highest removal efficiency of 89.3%. This study is the first report on DOP biodegradation by bacterial consortium. These results suggest that LF can be used to remediate DOP-contaminated environment. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Deep Recurrent Models for Authorship A ribution

In this work, we look at various ways of tackling the problem of authorship detection. Given the rise of deep learning, our work encompasses both neural and non-neural models, and aims to nd an ecient and reliable way to detect authorship. We also try to get an idea of the stylistic features needed to be learned in order to accurately distinguish between authors. Our models are run on a subset of the Gutenberg Dataset, along with a custom Spooky Author Dataset from Kaggle, and the Reuters dataset. In addition to several recurrent models, we also construct a probabilistic Variational AutoEncoder Recurrent model for classication tasks. Experimental results show that detection of style over long sentences is a hard task even for complex Long Short Term Memory networks (LSTMs), however, they work beer than simple ngram models. Our Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) Encoder Decoder model coupled with self-aention is able to outperform the ngram (most common words) model by a minimum of 6% across the datasets. e source code, preprocessed datasets and additional model information is available at: https://github.com/VeritasAuthorship/veritas.
Early Initiation of Direct Oral Anticoagulants After Onset of Stroke and Short- and Long-Term Outcomes of Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background and Purpose— We aimed to compare outcomes of ischemic stroke patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation between earlier and later initiation of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) after stroke onset. Methods— From data for 1192 nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack in a prospective, multicenter, observational study, patients who started DOACs during acute hospitalization were included and divided into 2 groups according to a median day of DOAC initiation after onset. Outcomes included stroke or systemic embolism, major bleeding, and death at 3 months, as well as those at 2 years. Results— DOACs were initiated during acute hospitalization in 499 patients in median 4 (interquartile range, 2–7) days after onset. Thus, 223 patients (median age, 74 [interquartile range, 68–81] years; 78 women) were assigned to the early group (≤3 days) and 276 patients (median age, 75 [interquartile range, 69–82] years; 101 women) to the late (≥4 days) group. The early group had lower baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and smaller infarcts than the late group. The rate at which DOAC administration persisted at 2 years was 85.2% overall, excluding patients who died or were lost to follow-up. Multivariable Cox shared frailty models showed comparable hazards between the groups at 2 years for stroke or systemic embolism (hazard ratio, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.47–1.57]), major bleeding (hazard ratio, 1.39 [95% CI, 0.42–4.60]), and death (hazard ratio, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.28–1.33]). Outcome risks at 3 months also did not significantly differ between the groups. Conclusions— Risks for events including stroke or systemic embolism, major bleeding, and death were comparable whether DOACs were started within 3 days or from 4 days or more after the onset of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation–associated ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Registration— URL: https://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT01581502.
Long-term performance and durability of polycarbonate/carbon nanotube nanocomposites

Abstract Due to their good mechanical properties, low density, and ease of processing polymer nanocomposites are of interest for a multitude of applications in the automotive, electronics, and leisure industry. Besides having an impact on short-term mechanical performance of polymers, the addition of nanoreinforcements can have also a significant effect on long-term properties such as the resistance to static (creep) and cyclic (fatigue) loadings. However, despite its significance there is a shortage of long-term mechanical performance data for thermoplastic-based polymer nanocomposites. Reason being that existing characterization methods for long-term performance and durability are time consuming and limited in their applicability. Here, an engineering approach to predict long-term time-to-failure of polycarbonate/carbon nanotube (PC/CNT) nanocomposites is presented based on short-term experimentation with an application to both creep and fatigue. Results showed that the addition of CNTs had an opposite effect on two important long-term failure mechanisms. Addition of CNTs lead to improvements in durability in the plasticity-controlled failure regime, whereas it had an adverse effect in the slow crack growth-controlled regime, meaning that in the latter regime nanocomposite performance was significantly less than that of the neat polymer matrix. Graphical Abstract
Status and Trends of Smallsats and Their Launch Vehicles — An Upto-date Review

AbstrAct: This paper presents an analysis of the scenario of small satellites and its correspondent launch vehicles. The miniaturization of electronics, together with reliability and performance increase as well as reduction of cost, have allowed the use of commercials-off-the-shelf in the space industry, fostering the Smallsat use. An analysis of the launched Smallsats during the last 20 years is accomplished and the main factors for the Smallsat (r)evolution, outlined. Based on historic data, future scenarios for different mass categories of Smallsats are presented. An analysis of current and future launch vehicles reveals that we are currently in a phase of transition, where old launch vehicles get retired and new ones enter the market. However, the satellite launch vehicle business has been established to carry payloads of thousands of kilos into low Earth orbit and has not adjusted itself to the market of Smallsats. As a result, there is only 1 launch vehicle for dedicated Smallsat launches commercially available, but it carries a high price tag. Several small lowcost launch vehicles under development are identified and the challenges to overcome, discussed. Since these small launch vehicles have similar complexity as huge launch vehicles, high development costs are intrinsic, leading to a high specific price (USD/kg payload).
Clinical Factors Associated with Adherence to the Follow-Up Examination after Positive Fecal Occult Blood Test in National Colorectal Cancer Screening

Background: The compliance with the follow-up examination after a positive fecal occult blood test (FOBT) is lower than expected. We aimed to evaluate the adherence rate to the follow-up examination in patients with a positive FOBT and to identify the clinical factors associated with this adherence. Methods: The study population comprised adults aged ≥50 years who participated in the National Cancer Screening Program for colorectal cancer (CRC) in 2013. Compliance was defined as undergoing follow-up examination within 1 year of a positive FOBT. Results: From 214,131 individuals with a positive FOBT, 120,911 (56.5%) were in the compliance group and 93,220 (43.5%) were in the non-compliance group. On multivariate analysis, good compliance was associated with men (odds ratio (OR) = 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.09–1.15)), younger ages (70–79 years, OR = 2.19 (2.09–2.31); 60–69 years, OR = 3.29 (3.13–3.46); 50–59 years, OR = 3.57 (3.39–3.75) vs. >80 years), previous experience of CRC screening (a negative FOBT, OR = 1.18 (1.15–1.21); a positive FOBT, OR = 2.42 (2.31–2.54)), absent previous experience of colonoscopy or barium enema (OR = 2.06 (1.99–2.13)), higher economic income (quartile, 75%, OR = 1.14 (1.11–1.17); 100%, OR = 1.22 (1.19–1.25)), current smokers (OR = 1.12 (1.09–1.15)), alcohol intake (OR = 1.03 (1.01–1.05)), active physical activity (≥3 times/week, OR = 1.13 (1.11–1.15)), depression (OR = 1.11 (1.08–1.14)), and present comorbidities (Charlson Comorbidity Index, ≥1). Conclusion: This study identified clinical factors, namely, male, younger ages, prior experience of fecal test, absent history of colonoscopy or double-contrast barium enema (DCBE) within 5 years, and high socioeconomic status to be associated with good adherence to the follow-up examination after a positive FOBT.
1 Integration of UAV , Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data 2 for mangrove plantations aboveground biomass 3 monitoring in Senegal 4

Due to the increasing importance of mangroves in climate change mitigation projects, 16 more accurate and cost-effective aboveground biomass (AGB) monitoring methods are required. 17 However, field measurement of AGB may be a challenge because of its remote location and the 18 difficulty to walk in these areas. This study is based on the Livelihoods Fund’ Oceanium project of 19 10,000 hectare mangrove plantations monitoring. In a first step, the possibility of replacing 20 traditional field measurements of sample plots in a young mangrove plantation by a semiautomatic 21 processing of UAV-based photogrammetric point clouds was assessed. In a second step, Sentinel-1 22 radar and Sentinel-2 optical imagery were used as auxiliary information to estimate AGB and its 23 variance for the entire study area under a model-assisted framework. AGB was measured using 24 UAV imagery in a total of 95 sample plots. UAV plot data was used in combination with 25 non-parametric Support Vector Regression (SVR) models for the estimation of the study area AGB 26 using model-assisted estimators. Purely UAV-based AGB estimates and their associated standard 27 error (SE) were compared with model-assisted estimates using (1) Sentinel-1, (2) Sentinel-2 and (3) 28 a combination of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data as auxiliary information. The validation of the 29 UAV-based individual tree height and crown diameter measurements showed a root mean square 30 error (RMSE) of 0.21 m and 0.32 m respectively. Relative efficiency of the three model-assisted 31 scenarios ranged between 1.61 and 2.15. Although all SVR models improved the efficiency of the 32 monitoring over UAV-based estimates, the best results were achieved when a combination of 33 Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data was used. Results indicated that the methodology used in this 34 research can provide accurate and cost-effective estimates of AGB in mangrove young plantations. 35
Imaging breast cancer using hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRI

Significance Carbon-13 MRI was used to assess exchange of hyperpolarized 13C label between injected [1-13C]pyruvate and the endogenous tumor lactate pool in breast cancer patients. Higher levels of 13C label exchange were observed in more-aggressive tumors, including all triple-negative cancers. The 13C label exchange correlated significantly with the expression of the transmembrane transporter mediating uptake of pyruvate into tumor cells and hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF1α), but no significant correlation with the expression of lactate dehydrogenase, the enzyme that catalyzes the exchange. The study has shown that 13C MRI can be used for metabolic imaging of breast cancer patients in the clinic, creating possibilities for noninvasive cancer monitoring in this patient group. Our purpose is to investigate the feasibility of imaging tumor metabolism in breast cancer patients using 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) of hyperpolarized 13C label exchange between injected [1-13C]pyruvate and the endogenous tumor lactate pool. Treatment-naïve breast cancer patients were recruited: four triple-negative grade 3 cancers; two invasive ductal carcinomas that were estrogen and progesterone receptor-positive (ER/PR+) and HER2/neu-negative (HER2−), one grade 2 and one grade 3; and one grade 2 ER/PR+ HER2− invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). Dynamic 13C MRSI was performed following injection of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate. Expression of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), which catalyzes 13C label exchange between pyruvate and lactate, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF1α), and the monocarboxylate transporters MCT1 and MCT4 were quantified using immunohistochemistry and RNA sequencing. We have demonstrated the feasibility and safety of hyperpolarized 13C MRI in early breast cancer. Both intertumoral and intratumoral heterogeneity of the hyperpolarized pyruvate and lactate signals were observed. The lactate-to-pyruvate signal ratio (LAC/PYR) ranged from 0.021 to 0.473 across the tumor subtypes (mean ± SD: 0.145 ± 0.164), and a lactate signal was observed in all of the grade 3 tumors. The LAC/PYR was significantly correlated with tumor volume (R = 0.903, P = 0.005) and MCT 1 (R = 0.85, P = 0.032) and HIF1α expression (R = 0.83, P = 0.043). Imaging of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate metabolism in breast cancer is feasible and demonstrated significant intertumoral and intratumoral metabolic heterogeneity, where lactate labeling correlated with MCT1 expression and hypoxia.
Concordance and prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis in different vascular territories

Background Subclinical atherosclerosis (SA) in the carotid, femoral, and coronary territories is a powerful predictor of cardiovascular (CV) events. Whether it is sufficient to assess SA in a single vascular territory in early-stage disease is uncertain. We aimed to determine the prevalence and concordance of SA in these vascular beds in asymptomatic patients without known CV disease. Methods We enrolled patients aged 35 to 75 years who were asymptomatic, without known CV disease, and had undergone carotid and femoral Doppler ultrasonography and calcium scoring. Those receiving statins were excluded. SA was defined as the presence of plaques in the carotid and/or femoral arteries or the presence of calcium in the coronary arteries (Agatston score >0). Results A total of 212 patients were identified with a mean age of 53 ± 7 years, of which 60% (128 patients) were men. The prevalence of SA was 62%. The distribution of SA between the three territories was similar, involving the carotid territory in 38% of cases, the femoral in 31%, and the coronaries in 37%. The concordance between the different vascular territories was weak, with a k index of 0.21 between the coronary and carotid territories, 0.27 between the coronary and femoral territories, and 0.34 between the carotid and femoral territories. Conclusions The prevalence of SA in asymptomatic patients without known CV disease is high. The concordance in the presence of SA between the three vascular territories is weak. Therefore, all three vascular beds need to be investigated.
Collagen peptides isolated from Salmon salar and Tilapia nilotica skin accelerate wound healing by altering cutaneous microbiome colonization via up-regulated NOD2 and BD14.

Collagen peptide can promote wound healing and is closely related to microbiome colonization. We investigated the relationship between collagen peptide, wound healing, and wound microflora colonization by administering the murine wound model with Salmon salar skin collagen peptides (Ss-SCP) and Tilapia nilotica skin collagen peptides (Tn-SCP). We analyzed the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factors (β-FGF), pattern recognition receptor (NOD2), antimicrobial peptides β-defence14 (BD14), proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8), anti-inflammatory (IL-10), macrophage and neutrophil infiltration levels, and microbial communities in the rat wound. The healing rate of the Ss-SCP and Tn-SCP treated group were significantly accelerated, associated with decreased TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8, and up-regulated BD14, NOD2, IL-10, VEGF, and β-FGF. Accelerated healing in collagen peptide group shows that the wound microflora such as Leuconostoc, Enterococcus, and Bacillus have a positive effect on wound healing (P<0.01). Other microbiome species such as Stenotrophomonas, Bradyrhizobium, Sphingomonas, and Phyllobacterium had a negative influence was decreased colonization (P<0.01). All together, these studies show that collagen peptide could up-regulate wound NOD2 and BD14, which were implicated in microflora colonization regulation in the wound tissue and promoted wound healing by controlling inflammatory reaction and increasing wound angiogenesis and collagen deposition.
Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Kidney Transplantation: Relevant Mechanisms in Injury and Repair

Ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) is a complex pathophysiological phenomenon, inevitable in kidney transplantation and one of the most important mechanisms for non- or delayed function immediately after transplantation. Long term, it is associated with acute rejection and chronic graft dysfunction due to interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Recently, more insight has been gained in the underlying molecular pathways and signalling cascades involved, which opens the door to new therapeutic opportunities aiming to reduce IRI and improve graft survival. This review systemically discusses the specific molecular pathways involved in the pathophysiology of IRI and highlights new therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways.
Diagnosis and treatment of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome in the pediatric intensive care unit: a case report

Among the infections caused by Streptococcus β hemolyticus from the Lancefield serogroup A, toxic shock syndrome is perhaps the most severe, and its mortality rate is high. Its clinical similarity to other forms of shock, especially septic shock, can often confuse the evaluator and interfere with the selection of the most appropriate therapy. This report aims to inform readers of the need to add this syndrome as a differential diagnosis in cases of shock, especially those with no well-defined clinical manifestations. For this purpose, we present the case of an infant with common flu-like symptoms who progressed rapidly with a rash, a reduced level of consciousness and clinical and laboratory signs of shock that required intensive support. In addition to cultures indicating the etiological agent, the appearance of exanthema and necrotizing fasciitis led to the diagnosis. However, less than 50% of cases present classic clinical signs of this entity. Penicillins combined with aminoglycosides are still the therapy of choice and are supported by a high level of evidence. Despite the severity of this patient's presentation, the progression was satisfactory.