Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Liver X receptor agonist downregulates growth hormone signaling in the liver

Abstract Liver X receptor (LXR) agonists have been shown to influence the development of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in mouse models. It has also been demonstrated that some LXR agonists can cause hepatic steatosis in experimental animals. Growth hormone (GH) is known to regulate hepatic metabolism and the absence of hepatic GH receptors (GHR) leads to hepatic steatosis. In this study, we analyzed whether the actions of LXR agonists could involve interference with GH signaling. We showed that LXR agonists impair GH signaling in hepatocytes. LXR agonist treatment attenuated GH induction of suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2), SOCS3, and CIS mRNA levels in BRL-4 cells. Likewise, the activity of a luciferase reporter vector driven by the GH response element (GHRE) of the SOCS2 gene was inhibited by simultaneous treatment with an LXR agonist. The inhibitory effect of LXR agonists on GH signals can be mimicked by overexpression of the LXR regulated factors, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and SREBP2, in hepatic cells. In both cases total and phosphorylated signal transducers and activators of transcription 5b (STAT5b) protein levels were significantly reduced. DNA binding assays demonstrated that SREBP1 binds to an E-box within a previously defined GHRE in the SOCS2 gene promoter, but does not compete with STAT5b binding to a nearby site in the same promoter construct. Taken together, our findings indicate that the inhibitory effects of LXR agonists on GH signaling are mediated by SREBP1, through the downregulation of STAT5b gene transcription and stimulation of STAT5b protein degradation. The findings provide a new insight into the understanding of the molecular actions of LXR agonists, which may be of relevance to their pharmacological actions.
Evolving network model with local-area preference for Mobile Ad Hoc Network

To accurately describe the evolving features of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) and to improve the performance of such networks, an evolving topology model with local-area preference is proposed. The aim of the model, which is analyzed by the mean field theory, is to optimize network structures based on users' behaviors in MANETs. The analysis results indicate that the network generated by this evolving model is a kind of scale-free network. This evolving model can improve the fault-tolerance performance of networks by balancing the connectivity and two factors, i.e., the remaining energy and the distance to nodes. The simulation results show that the evolving topology model has superior performance in reducing the traffic load and the energy consumption, prolonging network lifetime and improving the scalability of networks. It is an available approach for establishing and analyzing actual MANETs.
NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGS IN THE TREATMENT OF NEOPLASTIC AND NONNEOPLASTIC DISEASES

The nucleoside analogs represent a class of compounds that has attracted clinical interest for almost two decades. The Chemotherapy Program of the National Cancer Institute and the Division of Cancer Treatment, its successor, have made a substantial effort in the development of drugs falling into this category. During 1956-1974, 215,000 compounds were screened, of which 2,020 were nucleoside analogs, 1,411 of them purine, and 609 of them pyrimidine nucleosides. About 400 of the nucleoside analogs were active in the screen, and 20 were introduced to clinical study (TABLE 1).
Development of sucking behavior in infants with Down's syndrome

The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of the development of sucking behavior in infants with Down's syndrome. The sucking behavior of 14 infants with Down's syndrome was consecutively studied at 1, 4, 8 and 12 mo of age. They were free from complications that may cause sucking difficulty. The sucking pressure, expression pressure, frequency and duration were measured. In addition, an ultrasound study during sucking was performed in sagittal planes. Although levels of the sucking pressure and duration were in the normal range, significant development occurred with time. Ultrasonographic images showed deficiency in the smooth peristaltic tongue movement.
Fast deconvolution of multichannel systems using regularization

A very fast deconvolution method, which is based on the fast Fourier transform (FFT), can be used to control the outputs from a multichannel plant comprising any number of control sources and error sensors. The result is a matrix of causal finite impulse response filters whose performance is optimized at a large number of discrete frequencies. The paper is particularly aimed at multichannel sound reproduction and more specifically reproducing the sound field from a set of loudspeakers.
The genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of tannic acid in human lymphocytes

The genotoxicity of tannic acid (TA, tannin) were investigated using chromosome aberration (CA), sister chromatid exchange (SCE), and micronucleus (MN) test systems in human peripheral lymphocytes. Also, the antigenotoxicity of TA against known mutagen EMS was also examined. The lymphocytes were treated with 1.74 × 10−5, 3.49 × 10−5, and 6.98 × 10−5 µM of TA for 24- and 48-hour treatment periods. For the antigenotoxicity of TA, the lymphocytes were treated with three different concentrations of TA and 2.71 µM of EMS. TA synergically induced the CA alone and with the mixture of EMS. However, TA did not induce the SCE alone, whereas TA and EMS as a mixture also synergically induced SCE. TA alone showed no clear effect on micronucleus formation, and it did not induce the MN when used with EMS as a mixture. In addition, TA showed a synergistic cytotoxic effect by decreasing the mitotic and nuclear division indices. The replication index was decreased at all concentrations for 48 hours of treatment time by TA and EMS as a mixture.
Cooperation in regional innovation networks among small and medium enterprises: Case study of a veterinary pharmaceutical company in Jalisco, Mexico

Regional innovation networks (RINs) in emerging countries often struggle with the absence of sufficient social capital necessary for development. The current research analyzes factors that have led an SME from the veterinary pharmaceutical sector in Jalisco to cooperate in RINs. These groups develop cooperation as an innovative strategy to confront threats within their market, as well as competition from large transnational producers. Specialized literature shows a tight relationship between cooperation in innovation networks and success in the market, especially among firms in high technology industrial sectors. This paper discusses the processes and phases involved in generating the synergy required for a company to build a cooperation network with other companies in the industry, with firms from complementary sectors, and with public agencies. This research documents the building process of the network including the agents involved, the role played by the leader company and the surrounding innovation processes. Results show that internal factors such as learning and absorptive capabilities, and external factors such as market configuration and public policy, are determining factors for involving the company in RINs. These networks lead to the creation of new boundaries for innovation, and the ultimate success of companies involved.
Voice Feedback and Performance

The purpose of this study is to assess the perception of severity and likelihood of injury as expressed by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) signal words Danger, Warning, and Caution. It was hypothesized that respondents would not be able to distinguish the levels of severity and likelihood associated with each signal word, as implied by the ANSI standard. Twenty-five undergraduate students answered a selfadministered questionnaire that asked for ratings of severity and likelihood of each signal word, rankings of the three words in terms of overall risk, and matching of reallife scenarios with the appropriate signal word. The data showed that respondents' ratings of severity and likelihood were significantly higher for Danger than for Warning and Caution @<. 001), The ratings for Warning and Caution did not differ significantly from each other. Concerning the rankings of the three signal words, Danger was consistently ranked highest in terms of overall risk. The switching of the words Warning and Caution in the overall rankings was the most common mistake, made by 20% of the respondents. For the real-life scenarios, respondents were most accurate in labeling the situation that was characterized by the signal word Danger, and made the most mistakes in the situations characterized by the signal words Warning and Caution. Based on these findings, there is reason to believe that the level of risk intended by the standardized signal words is not necessarily perceived by the user.
Lipid metabolism.

Natural ligands of the liver X receptor (LXR) are a speci®c class of naturally occurring derivatives of cholesterol: oxysterols. On activation, LXR heterodimerizes with the 9-cis-retinoic acid receptor (RXR). The LXR±RXR complexes translocate to the nucleus where they regulate target gene transcription. LXR-a is abundant in liver, intestine, kidney and adipose tissue, whereas LXR-b is found in almost all tissues. LXRs have previously been identi®ed as sterol sensors that function in the control of intracellular cholesterol homeostasis via regulation of elimination of cholesterol from the cells. These elimination pathways include production of bile acids via regulation of transcription of cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase (encoded by the CYP7A1 gene) and reverse cholesterol transport through regulation of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP).
Self‐Reported Asthma and Respiratory Symptoms in Sewage Workers

Self‐Reported Asthma and Respiratory Symptoms in Sewage Workers: Lennart Friis, et al. Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden—To investigate whether Swedish sewage workers have an increased risk of respiratory symptoms or diseases. In a cross‐sectional study, 149 sewage workers and 138 referents, selected from among other municipal workers, were given a self‐administered questionnaire about asthma, atopy, smoking and symptoms from the airways, skin and eyes. Two‐by‐two statistics was used to compare proportions and logistic regression was used for multivariable analyses. The sewage workers reported significantly more adult asthma than the referents. The adjusted odds ratio for asthma during adulthood was 5.3 (95% confidence interval 1.1‐26) as determined from a multivariable logistic regression analysis when controlling for age, gender, atopic disposition and tobacco smoking. They also had increased risk, but not statistically significant, of some possibly asthma related symptoms and chronic bronchitis. There was no difference in atopic disposition based on a history of allergic diseases in childhood or in parents. Neither were there any differences in symptoms in the eyes or skin. Self‐reported asthma was more common among the sewage workers than other municipal workers. This might be caused by occupational exposure to irritant or inflammatory substances.
Optimalisation of Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate Precipitation and its Applicability to the Removal of Ammonium

Abstract Among the physico-chemical abatement technologies, mainly acid scrubbers have been used to control NH3-emission. The disadvantage of this technique is that it yields waste water, highly concentrated in ammonia. In this report, the applicability of the magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) process to regenerate the liquid phase, produced by scrubbing NH3-loaded waste gases, was investigated. In the MAP process, ammonium is precipitated as magnesium ammonium phosphate, which can be used as a slow release fertilizer. The influence of a number of parameters, e.g. pH, kinetics, molar ratio NH4+/Mg2+/PO43- on the efficiency of the formation of MAP and on the ammonium removal efficiency was investigated. In this way, optimal conditions were determined for the precipitation reaction. Next to this, interference caused by other precipitation reactions was studied. At aqueous NH4+-concentrations of about 600 mg 1-1, ammonium removal efficiencies of 97% could be obtained at a molar ratio NH4+ /Mg2+/PO43- of 1/1.5/1.5. To obtain this result, the pH was continuously adjusted to a value of 9 during the reaction. According to this study, it is obvious that the MAP-precipitation technology offers opportunities for ammonium removal from scrubbing liquids. The practical applicability of the MAP-process in waste gas treatment systems, however, should be the subject for further investigations.
Certain chromatic sums of some cycle-related graph classes

Let $\mathcal{C} = \{c_1,c_2, c_3, \ldots,c_k\}$ be a certain type of proper $k$-colouring of a given graph $G$ and $\theta(c_i)$ denote the number of times a particular colour $c_i$ is assigned to the vertices of $G$. Then, the colouring sum of a given graph $G$ with respect to the colouring $\cC$, denoted by $\omega_{\cC}(G)$, is defined to be $\omega(\cC) = \sum\limits_{i=1}^{k}i\,\theta(c_i)$. The colouring sums such as $\chi$-chromatic sum, $\chi^+$-chromatic sum, $b$-chromatic sum, $b^+$-chromatic sum etc. are some of these types of colouring sums that have been studied recently. Motivated by these studies on certain chromatic sums of graphs, in this paper, we study certain chromatic sums for some standard cycle related graphs.
Molecular Characterization of Human Pathogen Babesia EU1 in Ixodes ricinus Ticks From Slovenia

New cases of human babesiosis were recently reported in Europe. The etiological agent was identified as Babesia EU1, a zoonotic pathogen with previously unreported molecular characteristics. On the basis of a comparison of the complete babesial 18S rRNA gene, we have generated strong molecular evidence that Ixodes ricinus ticks from Slovenia are infected with EU1.
Towards a Critical Health Equity Research Stance: Why Epistemology and Methodology Matter More Than Qualitative Methods

Qualitative methods are not intrinsically progressive. Methods are simply tools to conduct research. Epistemology, the justification of knowledge, shapes methodology and methods, and thus is a vital starting point for a critical health equity research stance, regardless of whether the methods are qualitative, quantitative, or mixed. In line with this premise, I address four themes in this commentary. First, I criticize the ubiquitous and uncritical use of the term health disparities in U.S. public health. Next, I advocate for the increased use of qualitative methodologies—namely, photovoice and critical ethnography—that, pursuant to critical approaches, prioritize dismantling social–structural inequities as a prerequisite to health equity. Thereafter, I discuss epistemological stance and its influence on all aspects of the research process. Finally, I highlight my critical discourse analysis HIV prevention research based on individual interviews and focus groups with Black men, as an example of a critical health equity research approach.
Cystic Meningioma: Unusual Imaging Appearance of a Common Intracranial Tumor

Meningiomas are common tumors of the central nervous system that account for approximately 15% of all intracranial tumors and are the most common extra-axial neoplasm. Most meningiomas are benign, although atypical and malignant meningiomas also exist. Typical imaging characteristics include a well-circumscribed, homogeneously enhancing, extra-axial mass on both computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The presence of an associated cyst is an uncommon imaging feature that may make it difficult to distinguish the tumor from a primary intra-axial glial neoplasm. The presence of peritumoral edema can also be a misleading finding. We present a case of a woman who presented with a history of multiple recent falls, decreased energy, and increased somnolence and was found to have a “cystic meningioma. ” Typical imaging characteristics, histologic subtypes, treatment, and prognosis are also discussed.
Psychological and psychiatric aspects of highway safety.

• Understanding and possibly controlling the human factors of drivers (e. g., their attitudes and personal adjustments) as well as the driver's equipment and environment (e. g., the design of his automobile) provide the most promising areas to prevent automobile accidents. Though no single characteristic of drivers has yet been isolated that appears to be outstanding in accounting for the large proportion of accidents on the highways, there do appear to be several etiological groupings. One of these is the accident repeater, who may manifest general instability in society, or even possess a mild psychopathic personality. As in the control of other epidemics, we must find means of identifying the most important variables relating to the "host," as well as the "agent" and the environment. Physicians can play an important role in such an approach.
Submaximal dose of trandolapril in the COOPERATE trial?

100 mg a day for 68 months. The patients, a mother and son, had a heterozygous 481T→C mutation in the uromodulin gene, causing a C126R amino acid change predicted to disrupt the tertiary structure of Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein [3]. The mother, age 53, had a CrCl of 38 mL/ min, which decreased to 16 mL/min within one year. After introduction of benzbromarone 100 mg her renal function stabilized and her actual CrCl was 17 mL/min. The 32year-old son had a CrCl of 58 mL/min. His renal function also remained stable under benzbromarone 100 mg, with an actual CrCl of 60 mL/min. We think that a trial of benzbromarone is justified in patients with FJHN. If benzbromarone proves to be effective this would also imply that reduced FEUA is of pathogenetic importance. There is nothing to be lost, but possibly much to win using benzbromarone in FJHN.
ANTI‐TUMOUR IMMUNOREACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT MELANOMA

Anti‐tumour immunoreactivity has been investigated in 53 cases of melanoma of the skin and in 10 of the eye. Four tests were employed—namely, estimation of cytotoxicity by blood lymphocytes and serum against cultured tumour cells, and Immunofluorescent membrane staining of viable tumour cells and cytoplasmic staining of dried cell films. The tumours studied included primary melanomas and a smaller number of secondary deposits. Of the skin melanomas, 20 gave positive results to one or more tests, and the most frequent positive response (lymphocytotoxicity) was detected in 5 of the 18 cases tested in this way. Of the ocular melanomas, one only gave a positive result—by estimation of serum cytotoxicity. Immunoreactivity against tumour cell surface, assessed by lymphocyte or serum cytotoxicity or membrane immunofluorescence, was restricted to melanomas, and there was also an element of individual specificity. Wider cross‐reactivity was found by cytoplasmic immunofluorescence. Lymphocytes from regional nodes or the tumour itself were non‐reactive even when blood lymphocytotoxicity was present.
Epithelial carbonic anhydrases facilitate PCO2 and pH regulation in rat duodenal mucosa

The duodenum is the site of mixing of massive amounts of gastric H+ with secreted HCO3−, generating CO2 and H2O accompanied by the neutralization of H+. We examined the role of membrane‐bound and soluble carbonic anhydrases (CA) by which H+ is neutralized, CO2 is absorbed, and HCO3− is secreted. Rat duodena were perfused with solutions of different pH and P CO 2 with or without a cell‐permeant CA inhibitor methazolamide (MTZ) or impermeant CA inhibitors. Flow‐through pH and P CO 2 electrodes simultaneously measured perfusate and effluent pH and P CO 2. High CO2 (34.7 kPa) perfusion increased net CO2 loss from the perfusate compared with controls (pH 6.4 saline, P CO 2 ≈ 0) accompanied by portal venous (PV) acidification and P CO 2 increase. Impermeant CA inhibitors abolished net perfusate CO2 loss and increased net HCO3− gain, whereas all CA inhibitors inhibited PV acidification and P CO 2 increase. The changes in luminal and PV pH and [CO2] were also inhibited by the Na+–H+ exchanger‐1 (NHE1) inhibitor dimethylamiloride, but not by the NHE3 inhibitor S3226. Luminal acid decreased total CO2 output and increased H+ loss with PV acidification and P CO 2 increase, all inhibited by all CA inhibitors. During perfusion of a 30% CO2 buffer, loss of CO2 from the lumen was CA dependent as was transepithelial transport of perfused 13CO2. H+ and CO2 loss from the perfusate were accompanied by increases of PV H+ and tracer CO2, but unchanged PV total CO2, consistent with CA‐dependent transmucosal H+ and CO2 movement. Inhibition of membrane‐bound CAs augments the apparent rate of net basal HCO3− secretion. Luminal H+ traverses the apical membrane as CO2, is converted back to cytosolic H+, which is extruded via NHE1. Membrane‐bound and cytosolic CAs cooperatively facilitate secretion of HCO3− into the lumen and CO2 diffusion into duodenal mucosa, serving as important acid–base regulators.
Myocardial perfusion by first pass contrast magnetic resonance: a robust method for quantitative regional assessment of perfusion reserve index

Assessing myocardial perfusion is a key issue in the diagnosis and subsequent treatment of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). 1,2 A single magnetic resonance (MR) examination can assess perfusion by monitoring the upslope of the signal change in dependence on the first pass of gadolinium derivatives. We propose a method of evaluating the regional distribution of the perfusion reserve index (PRI), defined as the ratio between stress and resting upslopes. The PRI regional distribution was assessed in patients with and without CAD and a PRI cut off was identified. Thirty two patients (mean (SD) age 65 (10) years, 20 men) underwent MR imaging and quantitative coronary angiography to assess the presence of coronary artery stenoses. The protocol was approved by the institutional ethics committees and informed consent was obtained from all patients. MR images were acquired with a GE Signa 1.5 T scanner during gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) infusion (Omniscan, Nycomed Imaging, Roskilde, Denmark) into a cubital vein (0.1 mmol/kg, 5 ml/s) followed by 10 ml of saline flush. A cardiac array coil was used, with fast gradient echo with an echo train readout sequence. For each examination, three 256 × 256 short axis slices (basal, middle, and distal) were acquired in the diastolic phase during an RR interval with a slice thickness of 8 mm. The acquisition was repeated along 60 RR intervals. All the patients were asked to hold their …
[Depression and cardiovascular disease--is there an association?].

BACKGROUND Depression is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. This review presents data from recent cohort- and interventional studies, and possible pathogenetic mechanisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS The article is based on literature from the period 1998 - 2008 identified through a non-systematic search in Medline. RESULTS Epidemiological studies of patients (outside of hospitals) with clinical depression suggest they have an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Possible mechanisms responsible for this increased cardiovascular risk are: an increased prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle factors, systemic inflammation, endocrine or autonomic dysfunction, increased platelet reactivity or endothelial dysfunction. Treatment with antidepressive drugs has not reduced the risk of cardiovascular events. INTERPRETATION Clinicians should be aware of the influence of depression on cardiovascular risk.