Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of cardiac repolarization during exercise : rate-dependence and prognostic significance

Based on experimental studies, heterogeneous ventricular repolarization has been suggested to predispose to the onset of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias and subsequent studies in various patient populations have associated it with poor clinical outcome. The aim of this study was to assess the dynamics of ventricular repolarization from electrocardiogram (ECG) during a standard exercise stress test with techniques based on principal component analysis, and to investigate whether they would yield valuable prognostic information on cardiac mortality and sudden cardiac death. Exercise ECG recordings from 40 healthy men and women were analyzed in order to establish normal dynamics and rate-dependence for the spatial QRS/T angle and total cosine R to T (TCRT), which reflects the spatial deviation between the depolarization and repolarization wave-fronts. Subsequently, exercise ECG recordings from 20 patients with previous myocardial infarction (MI) were compared with 20 controls in order to assess the modulation of previous MI on the dynamics of TCRT. The prognostic value of abnormal dynamics and rate-dependence of TCRT and spatial QRS/T angle were assessed in 1,297 patients referred to a clinically indicated exercise stress test. The spatial QRS/T angle and TCRT were found to be significantly rate-dependent during both exercise and recovery periods as TCRT and the cosine of the spatial QRS/T angle decreased at higher heart rates (HR), indicating increase in the global heterogeneity of the ventricular repolarization. In the post-MI group, the dynamics of TCRT were impaired with a significantly lower rate-dependence in contrast to the healthy and control groups. In the study cohort, impaired rate-dependence of TCRT during both exercise and recovery periods was an independent predictor of cardiac and sudden cardiac death during the follow up of the study. Similarly, reduction of the area between the exercise and three-minute recovery TCRT/HR curves was associated with an increased risk of cardiac and sudden cardiac death. In conclusion, dynamics and rate-dependence of TCRT and spatial QRS/T angle are able to discriminate subjects with an increased risk of cardiac and sudden cardiac death. Reduced ratedependence of TCRT during exercise and recovery periods, as well as decreased exerciserecovery hysteresis of TCRT, are significant predictors of cardiac and sudden cardiac death.
Elevated CO2 and nitrogen effects on dissolved organic carbon of two calcareous and non calcareous soils

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) pools can be considered as suitable indicators of soil quality that are very sensitive to CO 2 levels, nitrogen fertilizer and plant residues. In this research controlled chambers were used to investigate the effects of elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentrations (350 vs. 760 ppm) under two level of nitrogen fertilizer (0 vs. 200 kg N ha -1 ) and two different plant residues (alfalfa residue and wheat straw) on DOC of two calcareous and non calcareous soils. The results showed that elevated CO 2 significantly increased DOC in calcareous and non calcareous soils. In the soils that received high rates of nitrogen fertilizer, release of DOC at elevated and ambient CO 2 increased by approximately 30% compared to soils without nitrogen fertilizer. The amount of DOC tended to be affected by organic matter in both elevated and ambient CO 2. In calcareous soil exposed to elevated and ambient CO 2, concentrations of DOC in samples receiving high or no N fertilizer were always higher than for non-calcareous soil. We conclude that release of DOC in elevated CO 2 is controlled by multifactors such as soil organic matter, N and CaCO 3 levels of soils.
Transient photovoltage in GaN as measured by atomic force microscope tip

We studied restoration of the band bending at the surface of undoped GaN layers after illumination with above-bandgap light. The photovoltage saturated with illumination at about 0.2–0.3eV at room temperature, although the upward band bending for GaN in the dark is of the order of 1eV. We attribute the photovoltage effect to charging of the surface states, the density of which is estimated at about 1012cm−2. Restoration of the barrier after a light pulse is simulated by a phenomenological model whereby the acceptorlike surface states are emptied of electrons under illumination and filled back in dark due to thermionic transfer of free electrons from the bulk to the surface states over the near-surface barrier. Photoinduced desorption of oxygen also affects the value of the photovoltage if the illumination is prolonged.
Importance of the Risk Factors for Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus Infection/Colonization -Development in Tertiary Intensive Care Units Üçüncü Basamak Yoğun Bakim Ünitesinde Gelişen Vankomisin Dirençli Enterokok Enfeksiyon/Kolonizasyonu İçin Risk Faktörlerinin Önemi

AIM: Vancomycin Resistance Enterococci (VRE) infection and/or colonization is a serious problem in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. For this reason, in our study, we aimed to determine the potential underlying risk factors of VRE infection and/or colonization in ICU patients. METHODS: The medical files of the patients that were hospitalized at least 48 hours in intensive care units between January 2012 – July 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients’ data on demographic values (age, sex, previous hospitalization, operation history), coexisting diseases (diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, malignancy, Alzheimer Disease) prior antibiotic use,the results of rectal swab culture and patient prognosis was collected from the hospital data. Patients were evaluated according to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). First group was colonisation/ infection group that included the VRE infected and colonized patients according to rectal swab culture results in hospital. The second group was non-infected group that included negative culture results in terms of VRE infection. The risk factors for VRE infection were evaluated. RESULTS: The prevalence of VRE colonization was %10.7 (53 patients of 496). In VRE colonized patients; prolonged hospitalization, malignancy, hemodialysis, Alzheimer Disease and antibiotic usage were assessed as risk factors. CONCLUSION: For preventing the spread of VRE, we should take precaution considering the detected risk factors. Especially, the colonized patients should be isolated, hygiene rules must be exactly performed and the patients should be externed from ICUs as earlier as possible.
Investigating the Effects of a Persuasive Digital Game on Immersion, Identification, and Willingness to Help

Abstract Recent years have seen a tremendous rise in the development and distribution of persuasive games: digital games that are used to influence players’ attitudes and/or behavior. Three studies (NStudy 1 = 134; NStudy 2 = 94; NStudy 3 = 161) tested the effects of a persuasive game on immersion, identification, and willingness to help. The results showed that playing the persuasive game did not result in substantially stronger willingness to help, relative to the control conditions. Video and printed text resulted in more immersion than the digital game, but playing the game resulted in substantially higher perceptions of embodied presence.
WEAK INJECTIVE AND WEAK FLAT COMPLEXES

Abstract Let R be an arbitrary ring. We introduce and study a generalization of injective and flat complexes of modules, called weak injective and weak flat complexes of modules respectively. We show that a complex C is weak injective (resp. weak flat) if and only if C is exact and all cycles of C are weak injective (resp. weak flat) as R-modules. In addition, we discuss the weak injective and weak flat dimensions of complexes of modules. Finally, we show that the category of weak injective (resp. weak flat) complexes is closed under pure subcomplexes, pure epimorphic images and direct limits. As a result, we then determine the existence of weak injective (resp. weak flat) covers and preenvelopes of complexes.
The equatorial thermostad and subsurface countercurrents in the light of the dynamics of atmospheric Hadley cells

The simple Held and Hou (1980) nearly inviscid model of the axisymmetric atmospheric circulation, rationalizing the existence of Hadley cells, Jet Streams, and tropical homogenization of potential temperature and vorticity, is adapted to the oceanic subthermocline region. The meridional profile of radiative equilibrium temperature, which provides the driving in the atmospheric case, is replaced, in the oceanic case, by the large-scale equatorial doming of the thermocline. The meridional structure of the equatorial thermostad and the existence, at its poleward flanks, of eastward subsurface countercurrents coincident with sharp potential vorticity gradients are thus explained via angular momentum redistribution by secondary ageostrophic over-turning cells in the meridional plane. Taking into account the existence of the equatorial undercurrent within the thermocline has little effect on the overall structure of the subthermocline solution at a given longitude, even though homogenization of properties is less efficient.
IMPROVED RIDE AND HANDLING CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ATV USING INPUT BASED CONTROL WITH MR DAMPER

The objective of this paper to improve ride and handling characteristics of an ATV (All Terrain Vehicle) using Input based control. Using a virtual model the mathematical model is developed. For reduction in tradeoff between both ride and handling characteristics a Fuzzy control system is developed and incorporated in the simulation. In ATV front wheels (both left and right) are provided with photo electric sensor, which gives the input to the rear suspensions through the developed Fuzzy control system. Rear suspensions are fitted with OEM MR Dampers (MRD). Steering wheel sensor fitted in a steering column gives the direction of the steering position and this input is given Fuzzy. The results of simulation also show that the proposed methodology furnishes better results of both characteristics.
Measurements of organic species in air and seawater from the tropical Atlantic

A West ‐East crossing of the Tropical Atlantic during Meteor cruise 55 included measurements of organic species within the atmospheric marine boundary layer and the upper ocean. Acetone, methanol, acetonitrile and DMS were measured between 10–0°N and 35°W–5°E, on either side of the ITCZ. Methanol and acetone concentrations were higher in the northern hemisphere, both in surface seawater and the atmosphere whereas acetonitrile and DMS showed no significant interhemispheric gradient. Three depth profiles from 0–200 m for these species were measured. Acetone, methanol, DMS and acetonitrile generally decreased with depth with the sharpest decrease in concentration in all profiles being found at the bottom of the mixed layer. The average air mixing ratios and surface seawater concentrations for the whole dataset are respectively: acetone 0.53 nmol/mol and 17.6 nmol/L; acetonitrile 0.11 nmol/mol and 6.19 nmol/L; methanol 0.89 nmol/mol and 118.4 nmol/L; and DMS 0.05 nmol/mol and 1.66 nmol/L.
Explaining cross-national variations in the commonality of informal sector entrepreneurship: an exploratory analysis of 38 emerging economies

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the contrasting explanations for the cross-national variations in the commonality of informal sector entrepreneurship. These variously view such work as: a result of economic underdevelopment (modernization thesis); driven by high taxes, corruption and state interference which lead them to exit the formal economy (neoliberal thesis), or a product of inadequate state intervention to protect workers from poverty (political economy thesis). Analyzing International Labour Organization data on the proportion of the non-agricultural workforce engaged in informal sector entrepreneurship in 38 emerging economies, and data on the economic and social conditions deemed important in each explanation, a tentative call is made to reject the neoliberal explanation and to synthesize the modernization and political economy perspectives. The outcome is a new ‘neo-modernization’ explanation that associates greater levels of informal sector entrepreneurship with economic underdevelopment and inadequate state intervention to protect workers from poverty. The paper concludes by discussing the theoretical and policy implications.
Variation in Private School Performance The Importance of Village Context

Using Annual Status of Education Report 2009 data, this paper investigates the linkage between private school performance and the context within which these schools operate. The results from this study indicate that the “positive private effect” or the private-public performance gap does vary based on the village context. The private school advantage is reduced in villages with a strong government presence. This government presence in the data is reflected in the provision of various government services, the presence of physical infrastructure, and a robust governmentfunded and government-supported primary, middle and secondary education system. Public and private schools are not established and do not operate in a vacuum. Public schools may respond to private competition, or they may simply respond to greater government support. Private schools similarly also respond to the presence of robust government-funded services and infrastructure.
D Model Generation for Education Using Augmented Reality

Augmented Reality is the presentation of objects superimposed on the real world view of the environment. It is an innovative technology that allows multidimensional viewing and understanding of concepts. This paper aims to use this concept of Augmented Reality in the field of Education to create an application that generates 3D models of the images embedded in textual materials using the software Unity and Vuforia. The application uses a smartphone’s camera to scan the embedded image of a textbook, e-book or photocopy and generates a 3D working model with live animations as well as on-click functionalities to view various movements of the model by providing user interaction. This application aims to provide an active learning experience to students.
Effect of Smear Layer Removal on Bond Strength of Two Different Resin-Based Sealers; an In Vitro Study

Statement of Problem: During root canal preparation, organic pulpal materials, bacteria and blood cells in combination with inorganic dentinal debris accumulate on the canal wall, producing an amorphous irregular smear layer. The effect of smear layer on the bond strength of endodontic sealers is controversial. Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the bond strength of two resin-based root canal sealers to dentin, with or without the presence of smear layer. Materials and Methods: The root canal of Sixty human single rooted teeth were prepared and irrigated by saline, NaOCl, or NaOCl+EDTA. In each group, the root canals were obturated using AH Plus or EndoRez sealers. After 7 days, two horizontal slices of approximately 1.5mm thickness were obtained from the middle third of each root and the push-out bond strength of root canal fillings was assessed using the universal testing machine. Data were analysed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. The significance level was set at p <0.05. Results: Regardless of sealer type , the highest bond strength was observed in group 2 (NaOCl) which was significantly different from those of group 3 (NaOCl+ EDTA) ( p =0.003). Regardless of irrigation protocol, AH Plus showed higher bond strength compared to EndoRez ( p =0.001). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that the experimental sealers bonded better to dentine in presence of smear layer.
Automatic video fire detection approach based on PJF color modeling and spatio-temporal analysis

Recently, due to the huge damage caused by fires in many countries in the world, fire detection is getting more and more interest as an increasing important issue.Nowadays, the early fire detection in video surveillance scenes is emerging as an alternative solution to overcome the shortcomings of the current inefficient sensors. In this paper, we propose a new video based-fire detection method exploiting color and motion information of fire. Our approach consists in detecting all moving regions in the scene to select then areas likely to be fire. Further, motion analysis is required to identify the accurate fire regions. The proposed method is evaluated on different video datasets containing diverse fire and non-fire videos. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method by achieving high fire detection and low false alarms rates. Moreover, it greatly outperforms the related works with 98.81 % accuracy and only 2% of false positive rate.
DIFFERENTIAL INVERSE VARIATIONAL INEQUALITIES IN FINITE DIMENSIONAL SPACES ∗

In this article, a new differential inverse variational inequality is introduced and studied in finite dimensional Euclidean spaces. Some results concerned with the linear growth of the solution set for the differential inverse variational inequalities are obtained under different conditions. Some existence theorems of Carathéodory weak solutions for the differential inverse variational inequality are also established under suitable conditions. An application to the time-dependent spatial price equilibrium control problem is also given.
Impact of Social Media on The Reading Culture of Nigerian Youths; Is the Social Media platform providing an Alternative Source of Education?

The Social Media is a group of online communication channels that allow individuals, groups, governments, organizations, and companies etc. to share information, ideas and express their selves via virtual networks sites like Facebook, Twitter, linked in, Instagram but to name a few. They have all succeeded in connecting Nigerian youths so that they have been able to share information and connect with each other without any boundaries. The purpose of this term paper is to analyze the impact of social media on the reading habits of Nigerian youths and also determine if it is providing an alternative source of education, this is due to the fact that issues have risen concerning the its effects on the reading culture of Nigerian youths due to the fact that recent statistics has shown that there has been a rapid decline in the reading culture of Nigerian students. Youths tend to spend their time online chatting, posting selfies, keeping up in the latest entertainment news and exhibiting celebrity mania and all this tends to have a negative impact in their reading culture. However, the upside to all this is that it can be an alternative source of education with the introduction of web based technologies, e-learning facilities, online encyclopedias and blogs which have immensely helped in serving as an alternative to education amongst Nigerian youths though research also shows only a few actually use them for educational purposes. The authors concluded that even though the social media has a negative impact on the reading culture of our youths, it also provides an alternative source of education but most Nigerian youths are not making full use of these opportunities and this has to be rectified by creating an awareness on its benefits.
Modélisation de l'Hyperonymie via la Combinaison de Réseaux Sémantiques et de Vecteurs Conceptuels

La semantique lexicale est un element cle du Traitement Automatique du Langage Naturel en ce qu’elle represente le point de convergence entre les representations des connnaisances et les ontologies. Parmi les tendances durables en representation de semantique lexicale, deux d’entres-elles semblent etre conflictuelles ; l’approche WordNet issue des reseaux semantiques et teintee de KR, et l’approche vectorielle issue des representations saltoniennes et de la recherche d’information qui a su trouver un large spectre d’applications en TALN. Quand les representations ontologiques sont necessaires, l’hyperonymie, l’approximation la plus proche de la relation is-a , est en jeu. Nous montrons comment gerer l’hyperonymie dans le cadre d’une approche vectorielle pour la semantique, en combinant les reseaux semantiques et les vecteurs conceptuels. Resume Lexical semantics are a key issue in Natural Language Processing since they represent the point of convergence with conceptual Knowledge Representation and ontologies. Among the well established trends in lexical semantics representations, two trends seem to be conflictual: the WordNet approach, born from semantic networks, and KRoriented, and the Vector approach, originated from the Saltonian representation in Information Retrieval, which has found a set of applications in NLP. When ontological representation is needed, hypernoymy, the closest approximation to the is-a relation, is at stake. We show how to account for hyperonymy within the vector-based frame for semantics, relying on a cooperation between semantic networks and conceptual vectors.
New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase among clinical isolates in Nepal

Background: Incidence and drug resistance of the isolates producing New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) has been increasing throughout the world. Nepal is located between India and China from where abundant reports of NDM detection has been reported in recent days but in Nepal, very few studies are there. Hence this review was done to know the status of NDM in Nepal and its various characteristics. Method: Research articles reporting NDM producing isolates from Nepal published before June 2018 were searched using various scientific databases using specific keywords and required data were extracted. Result: According to the reviewed articles, NDM was prevalent in E.coli, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Providencia and other members of Enterobacteriaceae in Nepal. Seven variants of this gene were reported including NDM-1, NDM-3, NDM-4, NDM-7, NDM-8, NDM-12, and NDM-13. These pathogens were not susceptible to almost all routine drugs due to co-existence of NDM gene with the wide variety of other drug resistance genes like Carbapenemases, ESBL, 16S rRNA methylases etc. Most of them were sensitive only to colistin, tigecycline, and fosfomycin. Some of these isolates were extremely drug-resistant as well as resistant to colistin, one of the last resort drugs. Conclusion: High drug resistance of these isolates and their distribution among major human bacterial
Homing in on Polaris: A 7 M⊙ first-overtone Cepheid entering the instability strip for the first time

A recently presented HST/FGS parallax measurement of the Polaris system has been interpreted as evidence for the Cepheid Polaris Aa to be pulsating in the second overtone. An age discrepancy between components A and B has been noted and discussed in terms of a stellar merger. Here I show that the new parallax of Polaris is consistent with a simpler interpretation of Polaris as a $7 \rm{M}_\odot,$ first-overtone, classical Cepheid near the hot boundary of the first instability strip crossing. This picture is anchored to rates of period change, the period-luminosity relation, the location in color-magnitude space, the interferometrically determined radius, spectroscopic N/C and N/O enhancements, and a dynamical mass measurement. The detailed agreement between models and data corroborates the physical association between the Cepheid and its visual companion as well as the accuracy of the HST parallax. The age discrepancy between components A and B is confirmed and requires further analysis, for example to investigate the possibility of stellar mergers in an evaporating birth cluster of which the Polaris triple system would be the remaining core.