Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes on the Physical-Chemical Properties of Kue delapan Jam on Various Steaming Time

This research intended to study browning reaction between glucose, fructose, and lipids with amino acids in real system during making Kue Delapan Jam. Research applied completely randomized design with steaming time as treatment ( 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours) with 3 replication. The development of color and browning index were ivestigated by using lightness, redness, yellowness, and total color difference (TCD) during reaction, and the absorbance of methanol extracts was measured at 420 nm in 40.0 mm silica. The development of texture was monitored by using Bookfield texture analyzer. Test results showed that steaming time influenced the color, browning index, texture, protein, and fat content of the cake significantly. Steaming time has no effect on water content. There were positive correlation between steaming time with TDC, redness, texture, and browning index during course. While for lightness, yellowness, pH, protein, and fat content indicated negative correlation. Changes on texture, TDC, browning index, protein, and fat content followed linear model.
Molecular characterization of human CD4+ IL-10-producing regulatory cells

Previous studies in the group led to the identification of CD4+FOXP3- cells with regulatory functions in human blood that coproduce IL-10 and IFN-gamma. These cells do not belong to the Treg cell lineage since they are Foxp3- but they show some similarities with Th1 cells since they express CCR5, T-bet and produce high levels of IFN-gamma. Thus, they share relevant characteristics with both T regulatory type I cells (Tr1) and Th1 cells and we called them Th1-10 cells. In this study we presented a molecular characterization of Th1-10 cells that includes a gene expression and a microRNA profiling and performed functional studies to assess Th1-10 cells regulatory properties. We demonstrated that Th1-10 cells have a high regulatory potential being able to block the proliferation of activated CD4 naive T cells to a similar extent as conventional Treg cells, and that this suppression capacity is at least partially mediated by secreted IL10. We showed also that Th1-10 cells are closely related to Th1 effector memory cells and express genes involved in cytotoxicity. In particular, they express the transcription factor EOMES and the cytotoxic effector molecules GZMA and GZMK, and they release cytotoxic granules upon stimulation. Moreover, we found that Eomes regulates cytotoxic functions in CD4+ T cells. We demonstrated that miR-92a, selectively downregulated in Th1-10 cells, directly targets the 3’UTR of EOMES.and this finding identifies miR-92a as a possible mediator of Th1-10 cytotoxicity. Th1-10 cells retain some proliferative capacity when sorted ex vivo and activated in vitro via their TCR, and this effect is markedly enhanced by IL-15, which also had a pro-survival effect on Th-10 cells. Thus, in contrast to conventional cytotoxic T cells, Th1-10 cells have cytotoxic and regulatory functions and are not terminally differentiated, since they retain proliferative capacity.
CENTERIS 2012-Conference on ENTERprise Information Systems / HCIST 2012-International Conference on Health and Social Care Information Systems and Technologies EX-ANTE and EX-POST Model applied to the Operational Flying Regime Management

The current international situation has caused serious budgetary constraints at the level of government organizations. To cope with the adversities the Portuguese Air Force (PoAF) has adopted new management mechanisms that aim to provide an effective and efficient management of scarce resources that the organization has at its disposal. The Integrated Management Defense System (IMDS) is the tool that the organization has adopted to solve the current restrictions. This tool is used at the operational level only for recording data relating to the operation performed, demonstrating a gap in relation to the management objectives, considering the totality of its processes. The theoretical support of the EX-ANTE and EX-POST Model, used in conjunction with the Zachman framework, allows the correlation of access control and registration and validation mechanisms within the correspondent information systems, which is essential to the organization that oversees governance through its architecture. Also, the introduction of planning data and the respective Key Performance Indicators (KPI) increase IMDS capabilities and align it with the management objectives outlined in the strategic level. © 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of CENTERIS/HCIST.
The Numlab Numerical Laboratory

A large range of software environments addresses numerical simulation, interactive visualisation and computational steering. Most such environments are designed to cover a limited application domain, such as finite element or finite difference packages, symbolic or linear algebra computations or image processing. Their software structure rarely provides a simple and extensible mathematical model for the underlying mathematics. Thus, assembling numerical simulations from computational and visualisation blocks, as well as building such blocks is a difficult task for the researcher in numerical simulation. This paper presents the NUMLAB environment, a single numerical laboratory for comput.at. ional and visualisation applications. By closely reflecting the modelled mathematical concept.s int.o the software architecture, NUMLAB offers a basic, yet generic framework for a large class of computational applications, such as partial and ordinary differential equations, non-lineal' systems, matrix computations and image and signal processing. Building applications which combine interactive visualisation and computations is provided in a simple and interactive visual manner. We present several features of the NUMLAB approach, illustrated with some applications.
Bias and frequency dependence of FET characteristics

A novel measurement of the dynamics of high electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) and MESFET behavior permits classification of rate-dependence mechanisms and identification of operating regions that they affect. This reveals a simple structure to the otherwise complicated behavior that has concerned circuit designers. Heating, impact ionization, and trapping contribute to transient behavior through rate-dependence mechanisms. These are illustrated by a simple description. Each has an effect on specific regions of bias and operating frequency. With this insight, it is possible to determine true isodyamic characteristics of HEMTs and MESFETs and to predict operating conditions that will or will not be affected by rate dependence. It is interesting to note that, for some devices, rate dependence can be seen to exist at microwave frequencies and may, therefore, contribute to intermodulation distortion.
Effects of Hard Stabilization on Dry Beach Width for New Jersey

Disagreement exists over the role of seawalls and other forms of hard stabilization in degradation of recreational beaches. Potential detrimental effects of sea walls are categorized as placement loss, passive erosion and active erosion. In this study, however, the impact of hard stabilization is studied independently of the question of mechanism of beach degradation. Dry beach widths were measured for the open ocean coast of New Jersey in order to determine the relationship between hard stabilization structures and dry beach width. Beaches were classified as one of five types discriminating on the basis of: (1) shore-parallel structure such as seawalls and revetments, (2) shore-perpendicular structures such as groins and jetties, (3) shore-perpendicular groins with no sand offset on either side, and (4) no hard stabilization structures. Beaches with stabilization structures were statistically narrower than the unstructured beaches. Although most of the beaches with shore parallel structures also contained groins, they were classified as a Type I beach and had the narrowest average dry beach width of 9 m. Beaches with groins only (Type II and III) had an average width of 18 m. Unstructured beaches were significantly wider than those with hard structures, averaging 55 m in dry width. Although hard structures may have successfully protected upland property on the New Jersey shoreline, significant beach degradation has resulted from this approach to shoreline management.
A Spectral Relaxation Approach for Unsteady Boundary-Layer Flow and Heat Transfer of a Nanofluid over a Permeable Stretching/Shrinking Sheet

This paper introduces two novel numerical algorithms for the efficient solution of coupled systems of nonlinear boundary value problems. The methods are benchmarked against existing methods by finding dual solutions of the highly nonlinear system of equations that model the flow of a viscoelastic liquid of Oldroyd-B type in a channel of infinite extent. The methods discussed here are the spectral relaxation method and spectral quasi-linearisation method. To verify the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed methods a comparative evaluation of the performance of the methods against established numerical techniques is given.
The practical relevance of public sector research: the potential contributions of the interventionist approach

The practical relevance of accounting research is one of the main issue currently present in the debate. Scholars engagement and impact of accounting research are all the more required nowadays. Interventionist research (IVR) is considered a potential methodology that allows researchers to contribute to the advancement of both practice and theory. The aim of this paper is to present an analysis of the characteristics of IVR, providing guidance on how it can provide a fruitful methodology to bridge academics and practitioners in the context of public sector research.
Seasonal Variations of Aerosol Optical Properties and Identification of Different Aerosol Types Based on AERONET Data over Sub-Sahara West-Africa

The uncertainty in the quantification of aerosol properties such as concentration, size, and composition, spatially and temporally makes regional studies important. Therefore, this study presents seasonal variations of aerosol optical properties over Ilorin (8䓠'N, 4䓢'E), Nigeria. Long-term (1998-2013) records of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and angstrom exponent α, from ground-based Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) are used to study the seasonal variability, characteristics and types of aerosol. The study showed that seasonal variations (Harmattan and Summer) result in different aerosol concentration, characteristics, and types. The magnitude and sensitivity of AOD to wavelength are found low in Summer with significant increase during Saharan dust transport season (Harmattan). The average mean AODs are 0.73 ± 0.50, 0.97 ± 0.52 and 0.46 ± 0.29 with corresponding mean angstrom of 0.66 ± 0.36, 0.68 ± 0.34, and 0.64 ± 0.37 for the entire period, Harmattan and Summer seasons. High frequency of occurrence of angstrom exponent below 1 (78% and 81%) which were observed during Harmattan and Summer indicates that the particles are generally coarse in mode. The results revealed that for both Harmattan and Summer seasons, the dominant aerosol was dust (DA) with frequency of occurrence of 82% and 79%. However, mixed aerosol (MIXA) (14.4%) is the second dominant case during Harmattan while in Summer maritime aerosol (MA) (9.1%) associated with transport due to southwesterly trade wind is the second dominant aerosol. This conclusion is supported by size distribution data for the study site which showed that large volume of aerosol particle size are enclosed in largely coarse mode range in all seasons. A 7-day back trajectory seasonal frequency plot sourced from the Hysplit Single Particles Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (Hysplit_4 model) shows that dust are transported from the Sahara during north-easterly trade wind flow while the observed marine aerosols are conveyed by the southwesterly trade wind influences to the study site.
The Invisible City: Exploring the Third Something of Urban Life

I want to express my gratitude to Siobhan Kattago, Patrick Laviolette, Franz Krause, Simon Barker and the two reviewers of Culture Unbound for their comments and suggestions. Early drafts of this article have been presented in the conference ‘City and Cinema’, organised by the Baltic Film and Media school in October 2013 and ‘Embodiment, Expressions, Exits: Transforming Experience and Cultural Identity’, organised by the CECT in Tartu in November 2013. Research support has been kindly provided by the project ‘Culturescapes in transformation: towards an integrated theory of meaning making’ (IUT3-2); the Centre of Excellence in Cultural Theory (CECT) through the European Union Development Fund; the Estonian DoRa program; and the Georg Simmel Zentrum of Humboldt University.
HOW DANGEROUS IS DRIVING WITH A MOBILE PHONE? BENCHMARKING THE IMPAIRMENT TO ALCOHOL

Research has shown that phone conversations while driving impair performance. It is difficult to quantify the risk of this impairment because the reference is usually made to normal driving without using a phone. 'Worse than normal driving' does not necessarily mean dangerous. There is a need to benchmark driving performance while using a mobile phone to a clearly dangerous level of performance. Driving with a blood alcohol level over the legal limit is an established danger. This study was designed to quantify the impairment from hands-free and hand-held phone conversations in relation to the decline in driving performance caused by alcohol impairment. The TRL Driving Simulator was used to provide a realistic driving task in a safe and controlled environment. Twenty healthy experienced drivers were tested in a balanced order on two separate occasions. The drivers were aged 21 to 45 years (mean = 32, SD = 7.8) and were split evenly by gender. Before starting the test drive, participants consumed a drink, which either contained alcohol or a similar looking and tasting placebo drink. The quantity of alcohol was determined from the participant's age and body mass using the adjusted Widmark Formula (the UK legal alcohol limit 80mg / 100ml). The test drive had four conditions: (1) motorway with moderate traffic, (2) car following, (3) curving road, and (4) dual carriageway with traffic lights. During each condition the drivers answered a standard set of questions and conversed with the experimenter over a mobile phone. The independent variables in this repeated measures study were normal driving, alcohol impaired driving, and driving while talking on hands-free or hand-held phone. Results showed a clear trend for significantly poorer driving performance (speed control and response time) when using a hand-held phone in comparison to the other conditions. The best performance was for normal driving without phone conversations. Hands-free was better than hand-held. Driving performance under the influence of alcohol was significantly worse than normal driving, yet better than driving while using a phone. Drivers also reported that it was easier to drive drunk than to drive while using a phone. It is concluded that driving behaviour is impaired more during a phone conversation than by having a blood alcohol level at the UK legal limit (80mg / 100ml). (A)
Understanding developing country resistance to the Doha Round

ABSTRACT The Doha Round negotiations at the World Trade Organization have come to a halt. The vast majority of analyses of the (at least temporary) demise of the Doha Round have focused on the lack of the United States and the European Union to reach consensus on the agricultural proposals that were tabled during the round. Relatively little attention has focused on explaining the rationale for why a large part of the developing world would not agree to proposals on the table as well. Many developing country negotiators claim that the potential benefits of the Doha Round were relatively small while the potential costs in terms of a loss of sovereignty to deploy effective development policies were significant. This paper argues that developing countries took a respite from the negotiations because the possible gains from market access were not large enough to trade for giving up domestic policy space for development policy.
Preliminary Results on Vibration Damping Properties of Nanoscale-Reinforced Materials

Our international team has recognized a role that nanotechnology-based solutions can have on dynamic/damping systems in areas of transportation (aerospace, automotive, railway and maritime). The novel concept of nanoparticle-based damping technology shows that a molecule-level mechanism can considerably enhance vibration damping and dynamic of machine components (such as fan blades or car dampers) via enhanced energy dissipation because of large surface-to-volume aspects in nanoparticle-reinforced composite material, large damping energy sources for friction and slip-stick motion at interfaces of matrix and nanoparticle. Thus carbon nanotube can act as a simple nanoscale damping spring in aerospace materials and is suggested for damping materials of the next generation. The materials offer the potential to further reduce the mass and dimension, increase performance, and reduce vibrations in wide-ranging applications. The above issues are being analyzed and reviewed in the paper by means of comprehensive and as complete as possible expert views. The current research works concentrate on an investigation related to nanoparticles/fibres/tubes-reinforced materials and coatings dynamic characterization and modeling of the fundamental phenomena that control relationships between structure and damping/mechanical properties of the materials.
Norwegian School of Economics The Effects of Popcorn Time on Netflix in a Two – Sided Market Masters in Business and Administration Master Thesis-Economic Analysis

My thesis discusses the effects on legal streaming agents of entry of free, but illegal, substitutes, in a two–sided video streaming market. Legal streaming agents rely on support from two very different, but inevitably linked, groups: studios and consumers, while their free counterparts rely on support only from consumers. As a result, the pricing decisions for legal streaming agents are far more complex than those of firms operating in regular single–sided markets and of firms operating in other two–sided markets. I have used one model, with two setups, in order to examine how the payment–scheme between a paid streaming agent and the Studios affect key metrics as user distribution and platform utility. In the first setup, with a lump–sum transfer, I find that the effectiveness of anti–piracy investments increase utility for both the paid and the free platforms, and shift consumers towards the legal alternative. In the second setup, with a per–user transfer, I find that the free agent will capture the whole market, and no efforts taken by either the Studios or the paid streaming agent will change the user distribution. From this, I find that studios and paid streaming agents are much better off with lump–sum transfer.
A comparison on the nutritional quality of proteins from Moringa oleifera leaves and seeds

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional quality of protein from Moringa oleifera seeds and leaves. The defatted flours were rich in protein (33.53 and 18.63% for seeds and leaves, respectively) and carbohydrates. Amino acid analysis revealed the presence of all essential amino acids in both leaf and seed flour, with high content of leucine and valine and low content of methionine and cysteine. The total essential amino acids content of leaf flour (42.76 g/16 g N) was higher than that of seed flour (35.07 g/16 g N). Limiting amino acids were lysine and sulfur amino acids. The available lysine content of leaf flour (3.78 g/16 g N) was significantly higher than that of seed flour (1.30 g/16 g N). In vitro digestibility studies revealed that leaf proteins were more easily digested by pepsin than seed proteins. Moreover, after a pepsin-pancreatin hydrolysis, digestibility of seed flour (61.12%) was significantly higher than that of leaf flour (57.22%). In addition, the leaf flour showed higher chemical score (72.40%), protein efficiency ratio (3.47–3.71) and protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (41.42%) and available lysine (3.78 g/16 g N) than the seed flour. Therefore, M. oleifera seeds and leaves have good potential as nutritional supplements or ingredients in food.
Shareholder Reactions to the Introduction of Stock-Option Programs in Swedish Companies

The background of this research comes from the large debate that has been going on over stock-option programs during the past years and the insignificant amount of research on the issue in Sweden. In light of that corporations adhere to shareholder maximization, we identified several obstacles in achieving this objective in the conflicts of interests, the aversion to risk, and the means of motivation. One of solutions to solve those obstacles is through combining residual returns with residual control, which is also one of the underlying theories of stock-option programs. Because of that the underlying theories of stock option-programs support shareholder maximization, the purpose of the paper was to show that stockholders are positively affected by the introduction of incentive-based contracts. The overall results of the study showed that the shareholders, on average, perceived the information about introductions of stock option programs as negative. The underlying reason for the results may be seen in the risk for increased salary costs, the implication in measuring performance, the problems with executives who stress a low dividend policy, the commitment implications or in some underlying psychological reasons. Although that the purpose of the paper was to show, given the underlying theories, that shareholders should react positively to the introduction of stock-option programs in companies, our study stressed evidence of the opposite.
Dynamical rupture process on a three‐dimensional fault with non‐uniform frictions and near‐field seismic waves

Summary. Dynamical rupture process on the fault is investigated in a quasithreedimensional faulting model with non-uniform distributions of static frictions or the fracture strength under a finite shearing pre-stress. The displacement and stress time functions on the fault are obtained by solving numerically the equations of motion with a finite stress-fracture criterion, using the finite difference method. If static frictions are homogeneous or weakly non-uniform, the rupture propagates nearly elliptically with a velocity close to that of P waves along the direction of pre-stress and with a nearly S wave velocity in the direction perpendicular to it. The rise time of the source function and the final displacements are larger around the centre of the fault. In the case when the static frictions are heavily non-uniform and depend on the location, the rupture propagation becomes quite irregular with appreciably decreased velocities, indicating remarkable stick-slip phenomena. In some cases, there remain unruptured regions where fault slip does not take place, and high stresses remain concentrated up to the final stage. These regions could be the source of aftershocks at a next stage. The stick-slip faulting and irregular rupture propagation radiate highfrequency seismic waves, and the near-field spectral amplitudes tend to show an inversely linear frequency dependence over high frequencies for heavily non-uniform frictional faults.