Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the relationship between leaf anatomy and CO2 diffusion through the mesophyll of hypostomatous leaves

Internal conductances to CO2 transfer from the stomatal cavity to sites of carboxylation (gi) in hypostomatous sun-and shade-grown leaves of citrus, peach and Macadamia trees (Lloyd et al. 1992) were related to anatomical characteristics of mesophyll tissues. There was a consistent relationship between absorptance of photosynthetically active radiation and chlorophyll concentration (mmol m−2) for all leaves, including sclerophyllous Macadamia, whose transmittance was high despite its relatively thick leaves. In thin peach leaves, which had high gi, the chloro-plast volume and mesophyll surface area exposed to intercellular air spaces (ias) per unit leaf area were similar to those in the thicker leaves of the evergreen species. Peach leaves, however, had the lowest leaf dry weight per area (D/a), the lowest tissue density (Td) and the highest chloro-plast surface area (Sc) exposed to ias. There were negative correlations between gi and leaf thickness or D/a, but positive correlations between gi and Sc or Sc/Td. We developed a one-dimensional diffusion model which partitioned gi into a gaseous diffusion conductance through the ias (gias) plus a liquid-phase conductance through mesophyll cell walls (gcw). The model accounted for a significant amount of variation (r2=0.80) in measured gi by incorporating both components. The gias component was related to the one-dimensional path-length for diffusion across the mesophyll and so was greater in thinner peach leaves than in leaves of evergreen species. The gcw component was related to tissue density and to the degree of chloroplast exposure to the ias. Thus the negative correlations between gi and leaf thickness or D/a related to gias whereas positive correlations between gi and Sc or Sc/Td, related to gcw. The gcw was consistently lower than gias, and thus represented a greater constraint on CO2 diffusion in the mesophylls of these hypostomatous species.
Harmonic Analysis Based on Blackman-Harris Self-Multiplication Window

Asynchronous sampling and non-periodic truncation cause spectral leakage during Fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis, resulting in low accuracy of harmonic parameter estimation. The windowed interpolation algorithm can effectively suppress the negative impact of the spectrum leakage and fence effects in the parameter estimation process. In this paper, a new cosine window with better side-lobe performance than some classical windows was introduced via second-order self-multiplication of the Blackman-Harris window. Based on this, the estimation algorithms for the frequency, amplitude and phase of the harmonics were also proposed by using triple-spectrum-line interpolation method. The simulation results verify effectiveness of the new method.
Safety State Idetification for Transmission Towers in Goafes Based on Improved Fuzzy Theory and Transfer learning

The existing identification methods of transmission tower safety state in goafs have some defects, such as large sample data scale, and the identification accuracy is significantly affected by some time-varying parameters. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an identification method based on improved fuzzy theory and transfer learning. Firstly, the image feature data of transmission tower in goafs is extracted according to the YOLOv3 algorithm which belongs to one-stage target detection algorithm, and the image feature data is preprocessed by fuzzy algorithm. Secondly, a deep convolution neural network framework is proposed for security state recognition, and a multi-stage migration learning algorithm is used to complete network training. Finally, the results show that compared with the traditional machine learning algorithm without migration learning training, the proposed algorithm improves the accuracy and precision by more than 4.5% and 3.8%, respectively, which verifies the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm.
Relationship between School Principals’ Use of Power Sources and Teachers’ Organizational Cynicism Perceptions

Bu calismanin amaci, okul mudurlerinin kullandiklari guc kaynaklari ile ogretmenlerin orgutsel sinizm algilari arasindaki iliskiyi belirlemektir. Arastirma iliskisel tarama mode-lindedir. Orneklem, Kutahya il merkezinde gorev yapan 305 lise ogretmeninden olusmak-tadir. Veriler, Orgutsel Guc Kaynaklari Olcegi ve Orgutsel Sinizm Olcegi ile toplanmis-tir. Analizlerde, betimsel istatistikler, t-testi, ANOVA ve Pearson Korelasyon Katsayisi kullanilmistir. Elde edilen bulgulara gore, ogretmenler, okul mudurlerinin en cok yasal gucu, en az ise zorlayici gucu kullandigini dusunmektedir. Katilimcilarin odul gucu ile ilgili gorusleri cinsiyete; yasal guc, odul gucu, uzmanlik gucu ve karizmatik guc ile ilgili gorusleri bransa gore degismektedir. Katilimcilar en yuksek sinik davranisi “calisanlarin kararlarin alinmasina katilimi” alt boyutunda, en dusuk ise “okula karsi olumsuz tutum” alt boyutunda hissetmektedir. Katilimcilarin, “calisanlarin kararlarin alinmasina katilimi” alt boyutundaki gorusleri bransa gore degismektedir. Okul mudurlerinin kullandiklari guc kaynaklari ile ogretmenlerin orgutsel sinizm algilari arasinda dusuk ve orta duzeyde ce-sitli iliskiler vardir
A note on a hitherto unreported association between Photis longicaudata (Crustacea: Amphipoda) and Cerianthus lloydii (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia)

A hitherto unreported association between the isaeid amphipod Photis longicaudata and the hexacorallian Cerianthus lloydii is described and illustrated from material collected near Millport, Clyde Sea area. By building their tubes around the outside rim of the anemones' tubes, this amphipod presumably gains proximity protection from predators.
Dynamic Traffic Model With Optimal Gateways Placement in IP Cloud Heterogeneous CRAN

In this paper, topology design, optimal routing, and gateways placement selection algorithms are proposed in Heterogeneous Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) with exploiting Free Space Optical (FSO) communication. The proposed network consists of two tiers; the lower tier concerns with clustering Remote Radio Heads (RRHs) based on traffic demands. The upper tier consists of transceivers along with the Cluster Heads (CHs) and gateways. Algorithms are proposed to achieve the lowest number of edges and the highest possible throughput based on the presented optimization problem. Moreover, route optimization and gateway selection problems have been considered in two different traffic scenarios; static (maximum occupancy) or dynamic (Partial occupancy). Furthermore, a disaster recovery algorithm is proposed in case of failure of one of the nodes or edges to maintain the continuous connectivity of the network at the expense of the traffic. Our simulation results show that the number of gateways in a dynamic traffic operation is reduced by 33% in node size of 25, 36, and 42. Also, this reduction is increased to 41% if the node size increased to 49.
Population Dynamics and Social Organisation of Humpback Whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) - a Long-Term Study in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada

i Abstract The stock of humpback whales in the Gulf of St. Lawrence (GSL) was severely depleted by whaling in the 18 and 19 century and started to recover later in the 20 century than other stocks in the North Atlantic. A long-term study of humpback whales by the ‘Mingan Island Cetacean Study’ in the GSL, using photo-identification and biopsy techniques, started in 1980 and is still ongoing. The data set from 1980 to 2005 was evaluated in this thesis to estimate population parameters, such as sex ratio, calving rates, survival rate and population trend for this stock for the first time. The estimates were compared with other populations and stocks, and used to assess the current conservation status of humpback whales in the GSL. In the summer months, probably two different stocks of humpback whales were exploiting the GSL waters. While some animals from the Newfoundland/Labrador stock were mostly migrating through the northern Gulf on the way to their final summer destination further north, the GSL animals remained in the Gulf most of the summer. The GSL stock was still maturing, as documented by the growing number of sexually mature females and calves, and by an increasing average age. There were some considerable differences in population parameters between the GSL and other feeding stocks, notably that of the Gulf of Maine. The sex ratio in the GSL became more female-biased over time (2:1), in contrast to the observed male-biased sex ratio at birth, whereas parity is assumed for humpback whales stocks. Despite a low reencounter rate of calves, the GSL was stock was growing, faster for females (population growth rate 1.051) than for males (1.026). Females turned sexually mature later (around age ten) in the GSL and had calves less frequently (3.5 years) than Gulf of Maine females (5 years and 2.4 years, respectively). The lower reproductive output was accompanied by an elevated survival rate of adult females (0.992 compared to 0.971 for males). This is the first study presenting evidence of a male-biased mortality, most likely caused by the increased costs of reproduction due to intense mate competition and prolonged residence time on the breeding grounds. Most polygynous mammals exhibit a male-biased sexual-size dimorphism (SSD), which is often correlated with an elevated male mortality. In all Mysticeti species the SSD is reversed, which led to the hypothesis that SSD is decoupled from mortality in humpback whales and perhaps in all baleen whales.
MODELS FOR NEUROPATHIC PAIN: A REVIEW

Animal models are fundamental basis for understanding the mechanism of neuropathic pain and development of novel treatments for best possible management of the disease. Neuropathic pain models are developed for manifestation of clinical pain conditions. This review meticulously examines the technique, behavioural modifications, limitations, and advantages of most recurrently used animal models of neuropathic pain. Animal models have vastly contributed in understanding the mechanisms of this debilitating disease. Moreover, these models have also resulted in development of novel therapeutic agents and better management of the neuropathic pain. This article comprehensively reviews some of the most frequently used models of neuropathic pain. Keywords: Allodynia, Aneurysm, Autotomy, Guarding, Hyperalgesia, Ipsilateral
THE ANT‐PLANTS MYRMECODIA AND HYDNOPHYTUM (RUBIACEAE), AND THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THEIR MORPHOLOGY, ANT OCCUPANTS, PHYSIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY

SUMMARY The history of investigation of the ant-plants is briefly reviewed and the external morphology of the plants described. Within Papua New Guinea ant-plants are abundant in open-canopied environments and less common but more diverse in rain forest. They also occur terrestrially above 2400 m. Initial tuber development was found to be similar that described by Treub (1883). Later cavities are formed by successive, increasingly complex phellogens. In certain Myrmecodia spp. later cavities are differentiated into regions with distinct surface characteristics, shapes and positions. Cavities in Hydnophytum are simpler in shape but sometimes differentiated in other ways. The anatomy of the cavity surfaces, especially the putative absorption sites ('warts') is described. The ant Iridomyrmex cordatus, which is common in ant-plants in other regions, is found in ant-plants in open habitats in Papua New Guinea, but is replaced by I. cf. scrutator in rain forest and above 2000 m. Two fungi, known also from ant-plants in Java (Miehe, 1911a), occur in the cavities of ant-plants throughout Papua New Guinea. Arthrocladium sp. Papend. grows on cavity surfaces where ant faecal material is present and the other (an unidentified Monilialine fungus) is parasitic on smooth, clean surfaces. The former is most common and the latter almost confined to Myrmecodia spp. occupied by Iridomyrmex cordatus. Experiments suggested that both Hydnophytum under artificial conditions and Myrmecodia under field conditions grow better in the presence than absence of Iridomyrmex cordatus and that the stimulus might be that of minerals supplied by the ants. Radioisotopes in both organic and inorganic compounds fed to I. cordatus were deposited preferentially by the ants on the warted cavity surfaces where ant faecal material was present, and were absorbed by the plants. In the discussion it is argued that the plant/ant relationship has had a considerable influence on both the ecology and evolution of the plants, but that this varies in different species.
Broad sense heritability and genotype × environment interaction for carbon isotope discrimination in field-grown wheat

Carbon isotope discrimination (-) has been proposed as a possible selection criterion for greater water use efficiency in breeding programs for water-limited environments because it provides an integrative assessment of genotypic variation in leaf transpiration efficiency. Considerable genotypic variation for - has been demonstrated in wheat, but environmental factors may cause even larger changes in the value of - measured in plant dry matter, which could compromise the effective use of - in breeding programs. In this study we assess broad-sense heritability of - and the significance of genotype x environment interaction for - in field-grown wheat. Another objective was to identify the most effective growth stage or plant part to characterize genotypic variation in -. Experiments were done using several large sets of genotypes (between 8 and 40, usually c. 20) grown in a range of field environments spanning the southern Australian wheat-belt. Carbon isotope discrimination was determined on unreplicated grain samples from seven Interstate Wheat Variety trials grown in 1983 and 1984 and on several plant parts taken from replicated experiments conducted at four locations in south-west New South Wales from 1985 to 1988. From these replicated experiments broad-sense heritabilities for - were calculated on a genotype mean basis h2-M) and on a single-plot basis (h2-P). In dry matter sampled from several environments, site-mean - ranged from 21.0 x 10-3 to 18.9 x 10-3 for early-formed dry matter and from 16.4 x 10-3 to 13.4 x 10-3 for grain. When followed in a single environment, the value of - fell from c. 20 x 10-3 in early-formed leaves to 15.4 x 10-3 in the grain. Variation among genotypes in - of different plant parts was always significant, and was typically c. 2 x 10-3 . Among Australian wheats, low values of - (implying greater transpiration efficiency) were strongly associated with the WW15 genetic background. Estimates of broad-sense heritability for - averaged over 95%, on a genotype mean basis, in experiments where common genotypes were grown in numerous environments. In individual trials, heritability was lowest for plant material sampled near anthesis (average value for h2-M, 83% and for h2-p, 62%) and greatest for dry matter laid down before or during early stem elongation (average value for h2-M, 95% and for h2-P 88%). Even though heritability for grain - was also relatively high (average value for h2-M, 92% and for h2-P, 79%), genotypic differences in grain - are difficult to interpret because of the likelihood of some changes in genotype ranking for - resulting from differences among genotypes in the degree of water stress encountered during grain filling. As well, the contribution of remobilized carbon to grain - may vary between environments and genotypes. We conclude that, for wheat, assessment of genotypic variation in - should be most effective under well-watered conditions using dry matter laid down early in plant development.
Composing Graph Theory and Deep Neural Networks to Evaluate SEU Type Soft Error Effects

Rapidly shrinking technology node and voltage scaling increase the susceptibility of Soft Errors in digital circuits. Soft Errors are radiation-induced effects while the radiation particles such as Alpha, Neutrons or Heavy Ions, interact with sensitive regions of microelectronic devices/circuits. The particle hit could be a glancing blow or a penetrating strike. A well apprehended and characterized way of analyzing soft error effects is the fault-injection campaign, but that typically acknowledged as time and resource-consuming simulation strategy. As an alternative to traditional fault injection-based methodologies and to explore the applicability of modern graph based neural network algorithms in the field of reliability modeling, this paper proposes a systematic framework that explores gate-level abstractions to extract and exploit relevant feature representations at low-dimensional vector space. The framework allows the extensive prediction analysis of SEU type soft error effects in a given circuit. A scalable and inductive type representation learning algorithm on graphs called GraphSAGE has been utilized for efficiently extracting structural features of the gate-level netlist, providing a valuable database to exercise a downstream machine learning or deep learning algorithm aiming at predicting fault propagation metrics. Functional Failure Rate (FFR): the predicted fault propagating metric of SEU type fault within the gate-level circuit abstraction of the 10-Gigabit Ethernet MAC (IEEE 802.3) standard circuit.
Passivity-Based Analysis and Design of Linear Voltage Controllers For Voltage-Source Converters

This article presents a systematic evaluation on the impedance passivity of voltage-controlled voltage-source converters. The commonly used single- and dual-loop control structures with different linear controllers are compared extensively, considering the effect of the time delay involved in the control loop. A virtual impedance control, co-designed with different voltage control schemes, is then proposed to eliminate the negative output resistance till half of the sampling frequency, which improves the system stability for grid-forming converters in grid-connected applications. Both frequency-domain analysis and experimental results validate the theoretical findings.
Singing is not energetically demanding for pied flycatchers, Ficedula hypoleuca

Male passerine bird song is a classic example of a sexually selected display. Theory predicts that such displays should be costly, but there are few empirical data on the potential costs of bird song. We measured the rate of oxygen consumption by male pied flycatchers, Ficedula hypoleuca, singing inside a respirometry chamber. Song is known to be important in mate choice by pied flycatchers, so we predicted that if passerine song is energetically costly, we should be able to measure the costs in this species. The metabolic rate of singing pied flycatchers (N e 3) was 0.62 ± 0.11 W, which was equivalent to 2.7 ± 0.5 × basal metabolic rate. Metabolism during singing did not differ significantly from that during standing. A power analysis of this test showed that the metabolic rate of singing birds was less than 1.12 ± 0.04 times that of standing birds. Comparing the maximum cost of song production with daily energy expenditure (DEE) during nestling rearing, each hour of singing rather than standing would increase DEE by 0.4%. Thus, song production appears to be energetically cheap in the pied flycatcher in relation to the overall daily energy budget. However, because birds cannot sing and eat at the same time, there could be an energetic constraint to song duration owing to the need to spend sufficient time foraging. Copyright 2004.
Investigating Factors That Affect Cis/Trans Equilibrium And Isomerization Of Xaa-Pro Peptide Bonds Using Pin1 And Its Substrates Associated With Alzheimer!S Disease

Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase, Pin1, is an extremely important cell regulatory enzyme, participating in cell cycle checkpoints, neuronal growth and development and cellular signaling. As such, Pin1 has been shown to play a role in many diseases, such as asthma, cancer and Alzheimer! s Disease. As the baby boomer population reaches the age of increasing risk of Alzheimer! s disease, the need to understand its progression becomes increasingly
TOWARDS CLONING THE LEAF RUST RESISTANCE GENE RPH5 By

Leaf rust caused by Puccinia hordei is an important disease of barley (Hordeum vulgare) in many regions of the world. Yield losses up to 62% have been reported in susceptible cultivars. The Rph5 gene confers resistance to the most prevalent races (8 and 30) of barley leaf rust in the United States. Therefore, the molecular mapping of Rph5 is of great interest. Genetic studies were performed by analysis of 93 and 91 F2 plants derived from the crosses ‘Bowman’ (rph5) × ‘Magnif 102’ (Rph5) and ‘Moore’ (rph5) × Virginia 92-42-46 (Rph5), respectively. Linkage analysis positioned the Rph5 locus to the extreme telomeric region of the short arm of barley chromosome 3H at 0.2 cM proximal to RFLP marker VT1 and 0.5 cM distal from RFLP marker C970 in the Bowman × Magnif 102 population. Synteny between rice chromosome 1 and barley chromosome 3 was employed to saturate the region within the sub-centimorgan region around Rph5 using sequence-tagged site (STS) markers that were developed based on barley expressed sequence tags (ESTs) syntenic to the phage (P1)-derived artificial chromosome (PAC) clones comprising distal region of the rice chromosome 1S. Five rice PAC clones were used as queries to blastn 370,258 barley ESTs. Ninety four non-redundant EST sequences were identified from the EST database and used as templates to design 174 pairs of primer combinations. As a result, 10 EST-based STS markers were incorporated into the ‘Bowman’ × ‘Magnif 102’ high-resolution map of the Rph5 region. More importantly, six markers, including five EST-derived STS sequences, co-segregate with Rph5. Genes, represented by these markers, are putative candidates for Rph5. Results of this study demonstrate the usefulness of rice genomic resources for efficient deployment of barley EST resources for marker saturation of targeted barley genomic region.
Immuno-PET Detects Changes in Multi-RTK Tumor Cell Expression Levels in Response to Targeted Kinase Inhibition

Visual Abstract Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) coexpression facilitates tumor resistance due to redundancies in the phosphatidylinositol-3′-kinase/protein kinase B and KRAS/extracellular-signal–regulated kinase signaling pathways, among others. Crosstalk between the oncogenic RTK hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are involved in tumor resistance to RTK-targeted therapies. Methods: In a relevant renal cell carcinoma patient–derived xenograft model, we use the 89Zr-labeled anti-RTK antibodies (immuno-PET) onartuzumab, panitumumab, and trastuzumab to monitor MET, EGFR, and HER2 protein levels, respectively, during treatment with agents to which the model was resistant (cetuximab) or sensitive (INC280 and trametinib). Results: Cetuximab treatment resulted in continued tumor growth, as well as an increase in all RTK protein levels at the tumor in vivo on immuno-PET and ex vivo at the cellular level. Conversely, after dual MET/mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibition, tumor growth was significantly blunted and corresponded to a decrease in RTK levels. Conclusion: These data show the utility of RTK-targeted immuno-PET to annotate RTK changes in protein expression and inform tumor response to targeted therapies.
Cucurbitacins and predation of the spotted cucumber beetle, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi

Two hypotheses about the relationship of diabroticina beetles and plants in the family Cucurbitaceae are tested: (1) evolution of sensory receptors for cucurbitacins by diabroticina beetles was in part due to the predator protection offered by ingestion of these compounds, and (2) commercial varieties of cucurbitacin‐producing cucumber offer Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber chemical protection from some potential sources of natural control