Neuropsychological predictors of the outcome in non-demented subjects with cognitive complaints

reasoning, visuospatial abilities and processing speed (WAIS-R) Digit subtest 74.1 43.5 NR Picture Arrangement subtest 80.0 58.3 NR Block Design subtest 78.6 50.0 NR 26 Dina Lucia Gomes da Silva Table 3.1. 1 – Review of literature concerning predictive value of neuropsychological tests for future conversion to dementia First author, publication year Country (Cohort Study) Sample characteristics [Cohort and follow-up groups; gender %; mean age±standard deviation (SD) or standard error of the mean (SEM); mean years of formal education ±standard deviation (SD) or standard error of the mean (SEM)] Follow-up time [mean years±SD or approximated value]; Outcome Cognitive domain / Neuropsychological Test Sensitivity (%) Specificity (%) Hazard Ratio; Odds Ratio; Relative Risk and Likelihood ratio [HR/OD/RR/LR; 95%; CI] Tian, 2003 UK 129 “questionable dementia” patients seen in a National Health Service hospital outpatient clinic Follow-up: 37 converted to dementia; 92 remained stable; Gender: 47.3% females; Age: 73.2±8.5 dementia group; 68.7±10.2 stable group (p=0.020); Education: 10.8±3.0 dementia group; 10.9±2.6 stable group (p=0.848). 2.04±1.64; dementia Episodic memory, initiative and executive functions Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (verbal recognition) and Letter Fluency 64.4 76.7 NR Amieva, 2004 France 90 elderly volunteers diagnosed as MCI Follow-up: 29 converted to dementia and 61 remained MCI; Gender: Converters females 24.1%; nonconverters females 54.1%; Age: 73.3±5.8 converters; 68.7±7.9 non-converters (p=0.0025); Education: Primary school diploma 89.7% converters; 88.5% non-converters (p=0.99). ≈ 2 years; dementia Selective attention ability Letter Cancellation Task (LCT) – total score NR NR OR=0.98* LCT-subtest 1 (crossing of a target letter randomly distributed among distractor items) NR NR OR=0.96* LCT-subtest 2 (crossing of a target letter surrounding a space) NR NR OR=0.94* LCT-subtest 3 (task combining both LCT1 and LCT 2 instructions) NR NR OR=0.95* Lehrner, 2005 Austria 107 patients with memory complaints (22 aMCI; 85 cognitively normal); Follow-up: 14 converters; 93 nonconverters; Gender: 40.9% females in the aMCI group; 60% females in the cognitively normal group; Age: 71.8±4.6 demented group; 66.1±8.6 non-demented group (p=0.017); Education: 10.0±3.7 demented group; 11.8±3.6 non-demented group (p=0.085). 1.84±0.68; Convertion of patients with memory complaints to dementia Global cognitive status Mini-mental Status Examination 83 68 NR General intelligence Wortschatztest (WST) vocabulary test 64 63 NR Verbal short-term memory Digit Span (HAWIE-R) 35 72 NR Non-verbal short-term memory Corsi Block Tapping (block span) 72 60 NR Concentration capacity Alters-Konzentrations (AKT) 63 67 NR Visuospatial abilities and processing speed Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (digit-symbol) 81 76 NR Visual associative memory Memory Assessment Clinics (MAC) (misplaced objects) 83 73 NR Verbal memory MAC (name-face association) 71 75 NR MAC (selective reminding total recall) 79 78 NR MAC (selective reminding delayed recall) 87 85 NR MAC (first-last names) 66 68 NR