Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of in vivo activation of the MutLγ-Exo1 complex for meiotic crossover formation

Crossovers generated during the repair of programmed double-strand breaks (DSBs) are essential for fertility to allow accurate homolog segregation during the first meiotic division. Most crossovers arise through the asymmetric cleavage of double-Holliday junction (dHJ) intermediates by the MutLγ endonuclease (Mlh1-Mlh3) and an elusive non-catalytic function of Exo1, and require the Cdc5/PLK1 kinase. Here we show in budding yeast that MutLγ forms a constitutive complex with Exo1, and in meiotic cells transiently contacts the upstream MutSγ (Msh4-Msh5) heterodimer. Once recombination intermediates are committed to the crossover repair pathway, MutLγ-Exo1 associates with sites of DSB hotspots, and Exo1 recruits Cdc5 through a direct interaction that is required for activating MutLγ and crossover formation. Exo1 therefore serves as a non-catalytic matchmaker between Cdc5 and MutLγ. We further show that in vivo, MutLγ associates with the vast majority of DSB hotspots, but at a lower frequency near centromeres, consistent with a strategy to reduce at-risk crossover events in these regions. Our data highlight the tight temporal and spatial control of the activity of this constitutive, potentially harmful, nuclease.
Contribution of Different Anthropometric Measures to BMI towards Assessing Overweight and Obesity of (6-10Year) Children in Kolkata, India

ABSTRACT Childhood obesity is emerging as one of the major health problems in India, especially in the urban India. A sample survey has recently been carried out in which 5218 children of classes I to IV were randomly drawn from 20 different schools in Kolkata. The Body Mass Index (BMI), Weight-for-Age Z-score (WAZ), Height-for-Age Z-score (HAZ) and various skinfold and body circumference measures are taken to assess the nutritional status of these children. In this paper, the researchers make an effort to find the reliability and validity of other anthropometric measures taking BMI measure as standard. The validity of WAZ percentiles to measure overweight and obesity compared to BMI percentiles has been found to be quite high (90% or more) and higher than other anthropometric measures. The validity increases as percentiles increase, whereas sensitivity decreases as percentiles increase. The sensitivity for WAZ at 99.9 percentile is only forty-four percent. The specificities supersede all these values. The values of specificity are found to be ninety-six percent or more and it has an increasing trend with the percentiles. The researchers have also found from ROC Curves that, apart from the combined variables, Mid-Upper-Arm-Circumference (MUAC) explains BMI best.
Design, Analysis, and Integration of a New Two-Degree-of-Freedom Articulated Multi-Link Robotic Tail Mechanism

Based on observations from nature, tails are believed to help animals achieve highly agile motions. Traditional single-link robotic tails serve as a good simplification for both modeling and implementation purposes. However, this approach cannot explain the complicated tail behaviors exhibited in nature where multi-link structures are more commonly observed. Unlike its single-link counterpart, articulated multi-link tails essentially belong to the serial manipulator family which possesses special motion transmission design challenges. To address this challenge, a cable-driven hyper-redundant design becomes the most used approach. Limited by cable strength and elastic components, this approach suffers from low-frequency response, inadequate generated inertial loading, and fragile hardware, which are all critical drawbacks for robotic tails design. To solve these structure-related shortcomings, a multi-link robotic tail made up of rigid links is proposed in this paper. The new structure takes advantage of the traditional hybrid mechanism architecture, but utilizes rigid mechanisms to couple the motions between the ith link and the (i + 1)th link rather than using cable actuation. By doing so, the overall tail becomes a rigid mechanism that achieves quasi-uniform spatial bending for each segment and allows performing highly dynamic motions. The mechanism and detailed design of this new robotic tail are presented. The kinematic model was developed and an optimization process was conducted to reduce the bending non-uniformity for the rigid tail. Based on this special optimization design, the dynamic model of the new mechanism is significantly simplified. A small-scale three-segment prototype was integrated to verify the proposed mechanism's unique mobility.
Nature Driven Urbanism : Contemporary Urban Design Thinking

This book discusses the way that a nature-driven approach to urbanism can be applied at each of the urban scales; architectural design, urban design of neighborhoods, city planning and landscape architecture, and at the city and regional scales. At all levels nature-driven approaches to design and planning add to the quality of the built structure and furthermore to the quality of life experienced by people living in these environments. To include nature and greening to built structures is a good starting point and can add much value. The chapter authors have fiducia in giving nature a fundamental role as an integrated network in city design, or to make nature the entrance point of the design process, and base the design on the needs and qualities of nature itself. The highest existence of nature is a permanent ecosystem which endures stressors and circumstances for a prolonged period. In an urban context this is not always possible and temporality is an interesting concept explored when nature is not a permanent feature. The ecological contribution to the environment, and indirect dispersion of species, from a temporary location will, overall add biodiversity to the entire system.
Climate, habitat and human disturbance driving the variation of life-history traits of the invasive goldfish Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) in a Tibetan Plateau river

Explaining variation in life-history traits of invasive species is a key goal in invasion ecology. The goldfish, Carassius auratus, is one of the most successful invaders in freshwater systems and has successfully invaded the Yarlung Zangbo River located in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Although many studies on life-history trait variations in goldfish have been carried out worldwide, few have focused on plateau areas, and factors driving this variation have received little attention. In this study, six life-history traits of goldfish and twenty-five environmental variables, including climate, habitat and human disturbance, were selected to examine their impacts on life-history traits. Multiple regression and hierarchical partitioning analyses were performed to determine the relationships between life-history traits and environmental variables. Maximal body length (MaxL), corrected total fecundity (TFecC) and egg diameter (EggD) were significantly explained by environmental variables. MaxL was positively related to elevation (ELE), population density (POP) and precipitation of the wettest month (BIO13) but negatively related to isothermality (BIO3). TFecC was positively related to ELE, POP and BIO13 but negatively related to BIO3, whereas EggD was negatively related to ELE and BIO13. Body size, fecundity and egg size were significantly affected by the environment, which suggested that a trade-off between growth and reproduction was the key to goldfish adaptation to plateau environments. Climate, habitat and human disturbance are closely related to the life history, suggesting that goldfish will expand their distribution in response to future global environmental changes. Therefore, we advocate that current efforts should focus on taking targeted action and preventing future introductions of goldfish to other areas. Education to promote public awareness of the threats caused by goldfish and other non-native species should be the first priority.
Idea oraz prawne i faktyczne uwarunkowania funkcjonowania obowiązkowego egzemplarza bibliotecznego w Polsce

W artykule zaprezentowano najważniejsze polskie regulacje prawne związane z egzemplarzem obowiązkowym. Na tym tle odniesiono się do faktycznych warunków funkcjonowania tego przywileju w środowisku. Wskazano zagadnienia, które na przestrzeni lat kreowały sytuację na rynku książki, odnosząc się zarówno do zmieniających się warunków ustrojowych, społecznych, jak i gospodarczych. Dodatkowo nakreślono główne kierunki zmian w kwestii egzemplarza obowiązkowego.
The Effectiveness of Kinesio Tape in Decreasing Kinesiophobia in Patients With Musculoskeletal Pain: A Critically Appraised Topic

Clinical Question: Is there evidence to support that Kinesio Tape is more effective in decreasing kinesiophobia than placebo taping in patients with musculoskeletal pain? Clinical Bottom Line: There is currently inconsistent, high-quality evidence demonstrating that the application of Kinesio Tape may decrease kinesiophobia in patients with musculoskeletal pain. Future research should examine the effects of Kinesio Tape on kinesiophobia in patients with musculoskeletal pain.
Performance Degradation of Nanofilament Switching Due to Joule Heat Dissipation

When a memory cell of a Resistive Random Access Memory (ReRAM) crossbar array is switched repeatedly, a considerable amount of Joule heat is dissipated in the cell, and the heat may spread to neighboring cells that share one of the electrode lines with the heat source device. The remote heating of a probed memory cell by another cell allows separating the influence of temperature effects from the impact of the electric field on the resistive switching kinetics. We find that the cell-to-cell heat transfer causes severe degradation of electrical performance of the unheated neighboring cells. A metric for the thermal degradation of the I–V characteristics is established by a specific conditioning of a so-called “marginal” device used as a temperature-sensitive probe of electrical performance degradation. We find that even neighboring cells with no common metal electrode lines with the heated cell suffer substantial electrical performance degradation provided that intermediate cells of the array are set into a conductive state establishing a continuous thermal path via nanofilaments between the heated and probed cells. The cell-to-cell thermal cross-talk poses a serious electro-thermal reliability problem for the operation of a memory crossbar array requiring modified write/erase algorithms to program the cells (a thermal sneak path effect). The thermal cross-talk appears to be more severe in nanometer-sized memory arrays even if operated with ultra-fast, nanosecond-wide voltage/current pulses.
A retrospective comparative study between kirschner wire fixation and plating for extra articular distal end radius fracture

Distal radius fracture (DRF) is a common injury of the upper extremity. Owing to the favourable functional and radiological outcomes, volar-locked plating has attained immense acceptance in treating both extraand intra-articular DRFs. This prospective study was designed to correlate between clinical and radiological outcome of post-operative extra-articular DRFs. A total of 100 subjects were enrolled in the study as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Majority population with DRFs were females. In patients that underwent plating: wrist dorsiflexion was >15° in 6% and >20° in 94%, wrist volar flexion was >15° in 8% and >20° in 92%; supination was >40° in 4%, >50° in 10% and >60° in 86%; pronation was >40° in 6%, >50° in 12% and >60° in 82%; mean (SD) union time was 9.56 (1.67) weeks. In patients that underwent wiring: wrist dorsiflexion was >15° in 24% and >20° in 76%; wrist volar flexion was >15° in 24% and >20° in 76%; supination was >40 in 14%, >50° in 36% and >60° in 50%; pronation was >40° in 12%, >50° in 34% and >60° in 54%; mean (SD) union time was 10.29 (1.25) weeks. Grip strength is quite good irrespective of the type of treatment received. Treatment using the k-wires takes more time for individuals to return to their normal activities compared to the plating method, and is commonly associated with complications.
Estudo comparativo de algoritmos de agrupamento para a definição de Zonas de Manejo

Nos últimos anos a demanda de alimentos aumentou devido ao crescimento rápido da população. Este cenário cria a necessidade de uma forma de cultivo associado a tecnologia como forma de minimizar esta situação. Nesse sentido, técnicas de agricultura de precisão podem ser empregadas para a definição de mapas zonas de manejo com o objetivo de auxiliar na produção de alimentos aplicando quantidades de insumos de maneira correta. Para a geração de tais mapas se faz uso de técnicas de agrupamento de dados recolhidos do talhão. As técnicas de agrupamento de dados K-means, BIRCH e CURE foram aplicados em dados agrícolas com o intuito de gerar mapas de manejo e comparar tais algoritmos através dos resultados obtidos de métodos avaliativos de tais mapas.
Assigning technical officers to ministries of health: a management study.

The Africa Child Survival Initiative-Combatting Childhood Communicable Diseases (ACSI-CCCD) Project ends September 1993. The twelve-year project has worked with thirteen subSaharan countries to provide child survival services in immunization diarrheal disease control and malaria control. Immunization coverage and the use of oral rehydration therapy have indeed increased over the course of the project as has the prevention and treatment of malaria in children and pregnant women. This paper presents results of a case study which investigated the primary strategy for managing the project at the country level the assignment of long-term technical officers (TO) to ministries of health (MOH). Findings are based upon documents from the ACSI-CCCD project; interviews with individuals in the MOH the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) the US Agency for International Development (USAID) and other organizations which were affiliated with the project in Burundi the Central African Republic and Cote dIvoire; and responses from a self-administered mail survey of MOH CDC and USAID staff affiliated with the project. It is concluded that assigning TOs to the MOHs was a very important and useful strategy for implementing the ACSI-CCCD project. The authors caution however that the approachs advantages should be viewed in the context of the many other factors which are also critical. Some of these factors are documented in this report for use when designing future development projects.
Onset of the Younger Dryas Recorded with 14C at Annual Resolution in French Subfossil Trees

ABSTRACT Subfossil trees with their annual rings constitute the most accurate and precise archive to calibrate the radiocarbon (14C) method. The Holocene part of the IntCal curve is based on tree-ring chronologies, absolutely dated by dendrochronological matching. For the Northern Hemisphere, the absolute curve starts at 12,325 cal BP. For the early part of the Younger Dryas (YD) climatic event (≈ 12,850–11,650 cal BP), there are only a few floating dendrochronological sequences, mainly from Switzerland and France. We present new 14C results from subfossil trees (Pinus sylvestris L.) collected from the Barbiers site (southeast French Alps). The dendrochronological series covers 416 years, corresponding to the onset of the YD period. In order to date our sequence, we matched it with the 14C record based on kauri trees from New Zealand. The Barbiers data were first averaged at the same decadal resolution as the kauri record. Statistical comparison of the different averaging options and matching techniques enables dating the Barbiers sequence to 13,008–12,594 ±10 cal BP, which thus includes the boundary between the Allerød and YD events. The new Barbiers record allows to calculate the 14C inter-hemispheric gradient (14C-IHG) during the period overlapping the kauri sequence. For the optimal dating option, the mean 14C-IHG is 37 yr with a standard deviation (SD) of 21 yr based on 43 decadal estimations (−6‰ with SD of 2‰). The 14C-IHG record exhibits minimal values, down to zero, between 12,960–12,840 cal BP. Excluding these minima leads to an average 14C-IHG of 45 yr with a SD of 14 yr based on 33 decadal values, in agreement with observations for the last two millennia. The Barbiers record suggests a 14C-IHG increase between the end of the Allerød period (IHG of 37 yr with SD of 14 yr) and the early part of the YD (IHG of 48 yr with SD of 14 yr), which is compatible with previously reported drop of deep-water convection in the North-Atlantic and the associated increase in wind-driven upwelling in the Southern Ocean.
Impacts of the efficiencies of identification and tracking algorithms on the statistical properties of global mesoscale eddies using merged altimeter data

ABSTRACT In this paper, 24 years of daily sea surface height (SSH) fields constructed by merging the measurements from two/multiple simultaneously operating altimeters are analysed to investigate mesoscale eddies. Based on efficient parallel identification and optimized tracking algorithms, we present two global daily mesoscale ocean eddy datasets (http://coadc.ouc.edu.cn/tfl/) containing over 688,000 eddy trajectories that persist for at least 4 weeks as identified in the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) Two-sat/All-sat datasets over the 1993–2016 period. These long-lived eddies have an average lifetime of 72 days and an average propagation speed of 5.1 . The properties of the identified eddy contours include the amplitude, radius, area, geostrophic current speed, eddy kinetic energy (EKE), and relative vorticity, based on which a new optimized eddy tracking method is applied. The most stable properties of the eddies are included in a set of dimensionless similarity parameters. A comparison of the eddy track outputs from the ‘Two-sat merged’ and ‘All-sat merged’ data products using our algorithm (hereafter called I4Eddy) shows that the ‘All-sat merged’ data are more suitable for studying global eddy tracks. The eddy trajectory data are also compared with two other published global eddy trajectory products, and the results demonstrate the efficiency of our method. The accuracy of our method’s eddy identification algorithm and its moderately conservative eddy tracking properties allow our algorithm to generate more continuous eddy tracks without large jumps. These elaborate datasets can be used to study the relationships between mesoscale eddies and other oceanic phenomena.
Infantile Spasm-Rare Presentation of “Vitamin B12 Encephalopathy”

Vitamin B12 deficiency manifests as triad of anaemia, gastrointestinal abnormalities and neurological abnormalities. The children with vitamin B12 deficiency are often misdiagnosed as it mimics autism spectrum disorders, colics and gastroenteritis. The existence of vitamin B12 deficiency neuropathy was recognised in 1958 [1] . Seizures are rare but are seen especially in infants and there are only a few reports regarding the relationship between infantile spasm and vitamin B12 deficiency. Here we report a case of 19 month old female baby who presented to MKCG medical college, paediatric casualty with complains of hyperpigmentation of skin for 4 months, inability to stand with support for 3 months and sudden flexion of neck, arms and thighs multiple times throught the day for 2 months. KeywordsVitamin B12 deficiency, Autism spectrum disease, Seizure, Infantile spasm. INTRODUCTION In 1877, Gardner and osler coined the term pernicious anaemia to describe a patient with progressive arm numbness with difficulty in buttoning and using tools. [1] The prevalence of vitamin B12 is difficult to asertain because of its etiology and different assays [2] . It is an easily treated disorder that often goes undiagnosed in infant and children, placing them at high risk for permanent brain injury. Total body stores are 25mg of which half, stored in liver. The daily recommended dose is 0.7mcg/day in children and in adolescence 2mcg/day [3] . Vitamin B12 deficiency occurs in infants born to mother , s with vitamin B12 deficiency due to any cause like vegetarianism, autoimmune pernicious anaemia, celiac disease, H.Pyloric infection, Crohn , s disease, gastric bypass, partial ilectomy,eating disorders, use of PPI etc. Infants who are exclusively breast fed may have significantly less stored vitamin B12 and can develop a deficiency within first year of life. Even in infants who are formula fed have suboptimal B12 levels as the amount of B12 in formula is not enough to correct their deficiency. Compared to adults, infants with B12 deficiency have much more rapid onset of symptoms. Children presents with non specific manifestation such as developmental delay, irritability, weakness, failure to thrive, abmormal pigmentation, hypotonia and hepatosplenomegaly. Vitamin B12 has a role in DNA synthesis, delayed DNA synthesis in rapidly growing hematopoietic cells may result in macrocytic anaemia. The neurological manifestation of cobalamin deficiency is may be due to homocysteine toxicity deposits in brain and infants may be predisposed due to incompletely formed blood brain barrier [3] . Restoration of development skills after therapy is www.jmscr. igmpublication.org Impact Factor 5.84 Index Copernicus Value: 83.27 ISSN (e)-2347-176x ISSN (p) 2455-0450 DOI: https://dx.doi. org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i5.56
On the Cattaneo–Christov Heat Flux Model and OHAM Analysis for Three Different Types of Nanofluids

In this article, the boundary layer flow of a viscous nanofluid induced by an exponentially stretching surface embedded in a permeable medium with the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model (CCHFM) is scrutinized. We took three distinct kinds of nanoparticles, such as alumina (Al2O3), titania (TiO2) and copper (Cu) with pure water as the base fluid. The features of the heat transfer mechanism, as well as the influence of the relaxation parameter on the present viscous nanofluid flow are discussed here thoroughly. The thermal stratification is taken in this phenomenon. First of all, the problem is simplified mathematically by utilizing feasible similarity transformations and then solved analytically through the OHAM (optimal homotopy analysis method) to get accurate analytical solutions. The change in temperature distribution and axial velocity for the selected values of the specific parameters has been graphically portrayed in figures. An important fact is observed when the thermal relaxation parameter (TRP) is increased progressively. Graphically, it is found that an intensification in this parameter results in the exhaustion of the fluid temperature together with an enhancement in the heat transfer rate. A comparative discussion is also done over the Fourier’s law and Cattaneo–Christov model of heat.
Effect directed detection of Rhodiola rosea L. root and rhizome extract

Abstract Rhodiola rosea is a well-known adaptogen plant with antioxidant, antidepressant, anti-stress, and anti-dementive properties that seems to be important in the potential treatment of disorders associated with central nervous system such as Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of this study was to effect directed detection (EDD) of biologically active substances in the root and rhizome of R. rosea L. based on chemical and biological assays performed directly on a thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plate. TLC-direct bioautography revealed the presence of both antioxidants (DPPH assay) and antibacterials (Bacillus subtilis assay) in the plant methanol extract. Unfortunately, the presence of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors was not evident. The marker compounds, typical for R. rosea L. that is salidroside, rosavin, p-tyrosol, and hydroquinone were searched in the extract using TLC densitometry. In fact, only rosavin was found in the investigated extract. Graphical Abstract