Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Diagnosis of Rhizobium Bacteria Isolated from The Root Nodules of Leguminous Plants and Studying Their Plasmid Content.

The study included thirty-six isolates of rhizobia bacteria were isolated from the nodules located on the roots of nine types of leguminous family plants that were planted in four areas of the city of Mosul for the winter agricultural season for the year 2020-2019, where they studied the phenotypic and agricultural characteristics of the isolated bacteria in addition to a study of resistance and sensitivity to the isolates of rhizobia bacteria. The study included ten antibiotics, and resistance ratios differed between isolates groups, where the highest resistance rate for residual bacteria isolates was 100% for Nystatin and Amoxicillin, and the lowest resistance was for Tetracycline and Streptomycin, as it reached 22.2%. As for the rest of the antibiotics, there is a difference between that . As for heavy metal salts, all the isolates of rhizobia bacteria under study were resistant to both CdCl2 chloride and CoCl2 cobalt by 100%, while their resistance to nickel chloride NiCl2 was 77.7% and the lowest resistance to heavy metal was mercury chloride HgCl2, reaching 33.3%. The plasmid DNA content was described for the studied isolates, as the results showed that there are two types of plasmid DNA bundles, the first type close to large-scale gel drilling called Mega plasmid represents symbiotic plasmids that carry the genes of contract formation and nitrogen fixation and the second type moves far from the gel drilling and they are sizes small equal representing non-symbiotic plasmids.
The Chemistry of Iron, Aluminum, and Dissolved Organic Material in Three Acidic, Metal‐Enriched, Mountain Streams, as Controlled by Watershed and in‐Stream Processes

Several studies were conducted in three acidic, metal-enriched, mountain streams, and the results are discussed together in this paper to provide a synthesis of watershed and in-stream processes controlling Fe, Al, and DOC (dissolved organic carbon) concentrations. One of the streams, the Snake River, is naturally acidic; the other two, Peru Creek and St. Kevin Gulch, receive acid mine drainage. Analysis of stream water chemistry data for the acidic headwaters of the Snake River shows that some trace metal solutes (Al, Mn, Zn) are correlated with major ions, indicating that watershed processes control their concentrations. Once in the stream, biogeochemical processes can control transport if they occur over time scales comparable to those for hydrologic transport. Examples of the following in-stream reactions are presented: (1) photoreduction and dissolution of hydrous iron oxides in response to an experimental decrease in stream pH, (2) precipitation of Al at three stream confluences, and (3) sorption of dissolved organic material by hydrous iron and aluminum oxides in a stream confluence. The extent of these reactions is evaluated using conservative tracers and a transport model that includes storage in the substream zone.
OFDM-Based Radar Network Providing Phase Coherent DOA Estimation

Next-generation radar sensors require imaging capabilities with high angular resolution. As for a single sensor, the aperture, and thus the achievable resolution, is limited due to the constraints of the front end, radar networks consisting of multiple sensors are a possible solution. However, their incoherency usually makes joint angle estimation impossible. This article presents a network concept consisting of an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) radar and repeater elements, which receive the reflections from targets and retransmit them back to the radar. Thereby, any frequency conversion from radio frequency to baseband and vice versa is omitted such that the signal remains coherent to the initial transmit signal. To distinguish the bistatic signal transmitted by the repeater from the monostatic one of the OFDM radar, the orthogonal subcarrier structure of OFDM waveforms is exploited by combining a sparse radar transmit signal with a low-frequency modulation in the repeater. This allows to evaluate the bistatic signals at the radar with standard multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO)-OFDM signal processing, leading to separate range–Doppler images for each virtual channel. Finally, it is shown that this method offers a coherent angular estimation based on the extended aperture of the network. For this purpose, a method to establish phase coherency by a reconstruction of the modulation phase is presented. The network concept is proved with measurements at 77 GHz.
FIELD EVALUATION AND PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF SOIL MOISTURE SENSORS

Agricultural producers who choose to supplement their crops’ water requirement are able to determine irrigation scheduling practices better when the soil water content of their fields is known. The objective of this study was to statistically evaluate numerous sensors for their ability to accurately estimate water content in a 90-cm soil profile, based on calibrated neutron probe measurements. The sensors tested were Irrometers, Watermarks, EnviroScan, Troxler Sentry, AquaTel, AquaFlex, Trime, AquaPro, and GroPoint. The sensors were field tested at different water content levels and a variety of irrigation frequencies over a 3-year period in a Warden silt loam soil (Coarse-silty, mixed, mesic, Xerollic Camborthids) planted to alfalfa. The default factor calibration was used to estimate the soil water content from all sensors except the neutron probe, which was calibrated for the soil using the gravimetric moisture content method. The Irrometer and Watermark sensors utilized a local soil water retention relationship in order to convert soil water potential into volumetric water content. The results suggest that most sensors were able to follow the general trends successfully as soil water content changed during the growing season, and there was significant correlation between the sensors and the neutron probe readings. Although sensor trends were similar, visual and statistical analyses indicated that the actual measured values varied significantly between the sensors and the calibrated neutron probe measurements. Therefore, a soil specific calibration of each sensor would have been necessary to obtain a high degree of absolute accuracy in soil water content measurements. The results suggest that irrigators can still use uncalibrated sensors to improve their watering schedules by setting irrigation trigger points that may relate only to a specific sensor in a specific soil. These trigger points cannot easily be related to different soils, different sensors, and other sources of information such as extension fact sheets and research publications, however, because the actual water content measurements may not be correct.
Unexpectedly low δ 13C in leaves, branches, stems and roots of three acacia species growing in hyper-arid environments

Aims In plant eco-physiology, less negative (enriched) carbon 13 (13C) in the leaves indicates conditions of reducing leaf gas exchange through stomata, e.g. under drought. In addition, 13C is expected to be less negative in non-photosynthetic tissues as compared with leaves. However, these relationships in δ 13C from leaves (photosynthetic organs) to branches, stems and roots (non-photosynthetic organs) are rarely tested across multiple closely related tree species, multiple compartments, or in trees growing under extreme heat and drought. Methods We measured leaf-to-root 13C in three closely related desert acacia species (Acacia tortilis, A. raddiana and A. pachyceras). We measured δ 13C in leaf tissues from mature trees in southern Israel. In parallel, a 7-year irrigation experiment with 0.5, 1.0 or 4.0 L day−1 was conducted in an experimental orchard. At the end of the experiment, growth parameters and δ 13C were measured in leaves, branches, stems and roots. Important Findings The δ 13C in leaf tissues sampled from mature trees was ca. −27‰, far more depleted than expected from a desert tree growing in one of the Earth’s driest and hottest environments. Across acacia species and compartments, δ 13C was not enriched at all irrigation levels (−28‰ to ca. −27‰), confirming our measurements in the mature trees. Among compartments, leaf δ 13C was unexpectedly similar to branch and root δ 13C, and surprisingly, even less negative than stem δ 13C. The highly depleted leaf δ 13C suggests that these trees have high stomatal gas exchange, despite growing in extremely dry habitats. The lack of δ 13C enrichment in nonphotosynthetic tissues might be related to the seasonal coupling of growth of leaves and heterotrophic tissues.
Novel Graphene-Based Hybrid Material with Tunable Electronic Properties

Hybrid structures were fabricated by means of intercalation of N-methylpyrrolidone into few-layer graphene, with subsequent annealing in the range of 100–250oC used as a technological step. Depending on the fabrication temperature, a broad variation of resistivity (6–7 orders of magnitude), and a relatively high mobility, an opening of a band-gap (up to 3–4 eV) rose for our hybrid material.
The Growth of Finance is Not Remarkable

Abstract An important literature emphasizes that finance grew rapidly after WWII relative to the full economy and the services sector, but these are poor benchmarks because they mask a broad structural shift from low- to high-skill services. We show that i) finance is among the most skill-intensive service industries, ii) the evolution of the finance income share closely tracks other high-skill service industries, and iii) finance grew much slower than the rest of high-skill services in the post-WWII period. The rise of modern finance is not as remarkable as prior research suggests, providing context for debates about the size of finance.
Chemical composition and evaluation of antibacterial activity of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) seed essential oil against some pathogenic bacterial strains

The aim of this work is to assess the in vitro antibacterial activity of the extracted essential oil (EO) obtained from dry seeds of fennel, Foeniculum vulgare Mill, collected from Meknes, (Morocco), against seven pathogenic bacteria: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. The extraction of EO from fennel was performed by hydro-distillation in the Clevenger-type device. The yield was close to 2.82%. The identification of the chemical composition of fennel EO by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS), has given 25 constituents. They represent 97.525% of all constituents existing in the essential oil. The major compound was the trans-anethole (with 44.376%). The result of this study showed that the fennel EO has a remarkable inhibitory activity against the majority of the examined microorganisms, especially against A. baumannii, with the exception of P. aeruginosa and E. coli, as compared to three standard antibiotics. It also exhibited a strong antimicrobial activity against A. baumannii (with a growth inhibition zone of 26 mm) compared to the standard antibiotics examined, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1/2000 (v/v) and S. aureus (growth inhibition zone of 20 mm) with MIC of 1/10000 (v/v). These results indicate that the fennel OE examined represents a potential source of natural antibacterial substances which can be used against pathogenic strains.
Speaking Truth to Power

Chinese and Western universities can only be expected to collaborate in a mutually enriching manner when there exists a shared understanding of the nature and role of the university itself. This chapter aims to contribute to our grasp on the normative dimension to the question of how the university is regarded in the Chinese and Western hemispheres by analyzing Confucian and Kantian views on the role of the scholar in society. Both philosophical traditions consider speaking truth to power to be one of the central tasks of the scholar—not necessarily because those yielding political power are wrong, but because they are human, and so should be counterbalanced by the scholarly community in order to safeguard the hermeneutic openness of the intellectual climate within society. And both thus stress that any viable view on the university nature and role must endorse an unconditional respect for academic freedom in research and higher education.
Populism Put to the Polarisation Test: The 2019–20 Election Cycle in Italy

ABSTRACT One year after the birth of an unprecedented government characterised by the strong populist stance of both coalition partners (M5S and the Lega) and amid a growing polarisation in party positions on a number of political issues, the European and regional elections of 2019–20 marked an important test for Italy. After presenting the results of the 2019–20 election cycle, the article investigates the most salient lines of party competition and the varying degrees of polarisation. Our analysis shows two kinds of polarisation: the first being the intra-coalitional polarisation which characterised the first Conte government; while the second, affecting the party system as a whole, is driven by the electoral rise of far-right parties.
Seismic fragility analysis based on artificial ground motions and surrogate modeling of validated structural simulators

This study introduces a computational framework for efficient and accurate seismic fragility analysis based on a combination of artificial ground motion modeling, polynomial‐chaos‐based global sensitivity analysis, and hierarchical kriging surrogate modeling. The framework follows the philosophy of the Performance‐Based Earthquake Engineering PEER approach, where the fragility analysis is decoupled from hazard analysis. This study addresses three criticalities that are present in the current practice. Namely, reduced size of hazard‐consistent size‐specific ensembles of seismic records, validation of structural simulators against large‐scale experiments, high computational cost for accurate fragility estimates. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is demonstrated for the Rio Torto Bridge, recently tested using hybrid simulation within the RETRO project.
Effect of feed granulometry on haematological parameters of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) at different stages of growth in Côte d’Ivoire

The study was carried at the ISMOREL farm of Adiaké in Côte d’Ivoire to determine the effect of feed’s grain size (the granulometry) on haematological parameters of Japanese quail according to the age. Fourteen (14) days old quails were distributed in metallic cages into 5 sub-groups of 5 quails each, according to the type and the food granulometry. From 2 types of food (grower diet and layer diet), 5 different food types by their granulometry were developed. LD 100, LD 50 and LD 75 were developed for the layer diet, then GD 100 and GD 50 for the grower diet. Twenty-five quails on the whole were used in this study. Blood samples were taken on the 10, 28, 42 and 56th day of age in order to perform blood count of each animal. The results showed a significant impact (p < 0.05) of the feed granulometry on the white blood cells parameters. At weeks 4 and 6, a very highly significant increase (p < 0.001) in white blood cells as a whole was observed. The best value for this parameter was obtained in the LD 50 sub-group. At week 8, the best value was obtained in LD 100 for this same parameter. However, despite variations observed in the red blood cells, no influence of food granulometry on these parameters was noted.
Medicijnresten en waterkwaliteit: een update

Medicijnresten komen na gebruik door de patient via het riool in het oppervlaktewater terecht. Volgens het RIVM zijn de medicijnresten een risico voor dieren en planten die in het oppervlaktewater leven. Regelmatig gaan concentraties van verschillende soorten medicijnresten over risicogrenzen heen: van pijnstillers en antibiotica tot bloeddrukverlagers, antidepressiva en anti-epileptica. Dit blijkt uit nieuw onderzoek van het RIVM en Deltares naar medicijnresten in oppervlaktewater. In 2017 en 2018 hebben concentraties van 19 verschillende stoffen een of meerdere keren de risicogrens overschreden. Waarschijnlijk gebeurt dit vaker. Veel medicijnresten hebben namelijk een heel lage risicogrens. Waterbeheerders zijn niet altijd in staat stoffen op dit lage niveau aan te tonen. Jaarlijks bereikt minstens 190 ton medicijnresten het oppervlaktewater. Dat is meer dan het RIVM in 2016 schatte (minstens 140 ton). Dat komt omdat er nauwkeurigere gegevens zijn gebruikt over de mate waarin medicijnen in de mens worden afgebroken en de rioolwaterzuivering ze uit het afvalwater haalt. De werkelijke hoeveelheid medicijnresten die in het oppervlaktewater belandt is nog groter, omdat de huidige schatting voornamelijk gaat over receptgeneesmiddelen uit de openbare apotheek. Het gebruik van geneesmiddelen uit de vrije verkoop en de specialistische zorg is niet bekend. Er is ook geen rekening gehouden met afbraakproducten die in het water weer de vorm van de oorspronkelijke werkzame stof kunnen krijgen. Deze terugvorming zorgt mogelijk voor nog eens 50 tot 500 ton extra medicijnresten per jaar. De huidige analyse laat zien dat medicijnresten een risico vormen voor het watermilieu. Onderzoek naar nog meer stoffen kan het beeld genuanceerder maken, maar verandert de conclusie voor de stofgroep als geheel niet. Deze informatie kan beleidsmakers helpen om te beslissen of en waar maatregelen nodig zijn. Dit onderzoek is een vervolg op een eerdere studie uit 2016, waarin meetgegevens uit 2014 zijn gebruikt. Het RIVM en Deltares hebben nu nieuwe meetgegevens van waterbeheerders uit 2017 en 2018 gebruikt. Het onderzoek bevestigt de conclusies uit 2016.
ARCH GARCH METHOD OF FORECASTING CONSUMER PRICE INDEX (CPI) IN SEMARANG

Indeks Harga Konsumen (IHK) merupakan salah satu indikator ekonomi penting yang dapat memberikan informasi mengenai perkembangan harga barang/jasa yang dibayar oleh konsumen di suatu wilayah. Penghitungan IHK ditujukan untuk mengetahui perubahan harga dari sekelompok tetap barang atau jasa yang umumnya dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat setempat. Dalam metode yang digunakan dalam pemodelan data runtun waktu memiliki syarat khusus yaitu yang teridentifikasi efek heteroskedastisitas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui model terbaik peramalan periode berikutnya serta hasil prediksi periode mendatang. Variabel yang digunakan adalah data Indeks Harga Konsumen dalam bulan. Sehingga untuk mengatasi permasalahan pada data penelitian ini digunakan metode Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (ARCH GARCH). Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan metode ARCH GARCH model terbaik yang digunakan adalah ARIMA (1,1,1)~GARCH (1,0). Dengan prediksi dari volatilitas dengan nilai standar deviasi 0.98283514 diperoleh prediksi volatilitas terendah sebesar 0.9632546 dan prediksi volatilitas tertinggi sebesar 0.9980155.
L’economia col·laborativa com a palanca de progrés i sostenibilitat en temps de pandèmia

Segurament, una de les principals lliçons de les crisis sanitària, econòmica, social i institucional vinculades, però no sempre del tot originades, amb la pandèmia de la COVID-19 (alguns investigadors ho anomenen sindèmies, o sigui pandèmies diferents però amb efectes comuns) és que no hi ha recuperació possible sense aprofundir en el procés de transformació digital i sense reorganitzar l’activitat econòmica per fer-la més sostenible.
Salvaging adulthood at youth work: Dignity, social disrespect, and the micro-politics of recognition in a polarized world

Grounded in an ethnographic study of a US fast food chain, this paper explores how the rising employment polarization under neoliberalism may pose a threat to dignity via the predicament of adults doing youth work. We draw on Axel Honneth’s theory of recognition to develop a tripartite framework of the micro-politics of recognition, aimed as a middle-range construct for guiding empirical studies of work through the lens of dignity. We argue that a study of dignity at work, with the everyday human struggle for recognition as the focal point, may help to illuminate the realities of contemporary work and enable a humanistic critique of contemporary capitalism. We also highlight adulthood as the underarticulated yet morally laden identity signifier in organizational inquiry, which may gain added importance as more adults enter occupations where few institutional supports of adulthood exist.
A Multilingual Linguistic Domain Ontology

Natural Language Processing provides a very signiﬁcant contribution to various research areas such as the e-health, e-business, education and antiterrorism. However, understanding the meaning, scope and usage of linguistic knowledge is a tedious task for a heterogeneity of potential users. Several approaches have been proposed to represent heterogeneous linguistic knowledge covering speciﬁc features of some languages. However, these approaches focused only on the data aspect of linguistic knowledge and neglected the processing one. Moreover, most of them do not support multilingualism and lack of powerful semantic representation and reasoning abilities. In this paper, we propose a multilingual linguistic domain ontology, called LingOnto, that represents and reasons about (1) linguistic data, (2) linguistic processing functionalities and (3) linguistic processing features. Our ontology supports English, French and Arabic languages and can be used by linguistically under-skilled users. In order to evaluate Lin-gOnto and measure its efﬁciency, we applied it to a framework of identifying valid composition workﬂows of linguistic web services. Finally, we give the results of the carried-out experiments.
Is It Expected Volatility or Expected Precision?

There is little evidence in support of a normal distribution for most financial assets, including the VIX. This paper concludes that the lambda parameter, in the one-parameter Box & Cox (1964) family, appropriate for VIX to be normal, is minus one (expected precision), which is very far from values of one (no transformation) and zero (logarithm), typically assumed by the financial literature. We provide an economic meaning to the Gaussian transformation of VIX and call this variable "expected precision'' (EP). The EP measures the level of consensus of expectations in the market about future returns, regardless of the expectations accuracy. We show the pdf/acf for VIX from the EP statistical moments and report evidence in favor of a higher leverage effect when the EP is low (less consensus of expectations). From comparing realized and expected precisions, we define the "precision risk premium" (PRP) that informs about the premium the investors are willing to pay to avoid the uncertainty related to the lack of consensus of expectations, regardless of their level of accuracy. The PRP is Gaussian and relates to the VRP and market returns dynamics. Our result suggests that not only the accuracy but the precision of expectations (more or less consensus) of future returns affect the process of price formation in the market.
Estudio de la complejidad del Español para la simplificación textual

Most of the work in the area of ​​textual simplification is done on the languageEnglish for having more linguistic resources and about the journalistic genre. But nevertheless,Due to our context, in this work we concentrate on studying and automating the metricsexisting to measure lexical complexity for Spanish, as a previous step to identifyingof complex sentences and their subsequent simplification. Another novel aspect of this workis the use of corpus related to human rights, specifically of theOrganization for the United Nations and the United Nations High Commissioner forRefugees. The most significant contributions are: the creation of a code toolopen, which generates a report on the complexity of a given text in order to supportto anyone interested in simplifying that text, and the proposal of a new metric to measurecomplexity in a multifaceted way. The results obtained in the different experimentscarried out are promising and in many cases confirm the hypotheses raised.