Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AIDS Patient Death Caused by Novel Cryptococcus neoformans × C. gattii Hybrid

Interspecies hybrids of Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii have only recently been reported. We describe a novel C. neoformans × C. gattii hybrid strain (serotype AB) that was previously described as C. gattii and that caused a lethal infection in an AIDS patient from Canada.
Genetic Variability among Serotype G4 Italian Human Rotaviruses

ABSTRACT A total of 254 serotype GH rotavirus strains were detected in Palermo, Italy, from 1985 to 2003. Out of 38 serotype G4 strains selected for genetic analysis, 14 were recognized by genotyping as type G9. Strains confirmed to belong to the G4 type showed temporal patterns of genetic evolution in their VP7 and VP4 gene sequences, and the latest Italian G4 strains were distantly related to the reference vaccinal ST3 strain.
Fault Tolerance for the Label Distribution Protocol (LDP)

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) systems will be used in core networks where system downtime must be kept to an absolute minimum. Many MPLS Label Switching Routers (LSRs) may, therefore, exploit Fault Tolerant (FT) hardware or software to provide high availability of the core networks.
HLA‐DR‐like Antigens in the Epithelium of the Human Small Intestine

Sections of ethanol‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue specimens from different parts of the human gastrointestinal tract were stained by an indirect immunofluorescence method with a rabbit antiserum to HLA‐DR‐antigens from B lymphocytes. A specific staining reaction was seen in a patchy pattern apically in the columnar cells of the normal small intestine, decreasing in intensity from the top of the villi towards the crypts. No HLA‐DR‐like antigens could he detected in colon or stomach epithelium, whereas cellS with the morphology of lymphocytes and histiocytes in the lamina propria and also capillary walls were specifically stained throughout the gastrointestinal tract.
Ceramide Triggers Budding of Exosome Vesicles into Multivesicular Endosomes

Intraluminal vesicles of multivesicular endosomes are either sorted for cargo degradation into lysosomes or secreted as exosomes into the extracellular milieu. The mechanisms underlying the sorting of membrane into the different populations of intraluminal vesicles are unknown. Here, we find that cargo is segregated into distinct subdomains on the endosomal membrane and that the transfer of exosome-associated domains into the lumen of the endosome did not depend on the function of the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) machinery, but required the sphingolipid ceramide. Purified exosomes were enriched in ceramide, and the release of exosomes was reduced after the inhibition of neutral sphingomyelinases. These results establish a pathway in intraendosomal membrane transport and exosome formation.
CPW slot antenna for TM slab mode excitation

The demand for more wireless applications necessitates a move towards higher frequency bands. However, this move towards high frequencies is associated with two main problems. The first problem is that solid-state devices offer relatively low gains at these frequencies. Hence, combining the power from an array of solid-state devices or what is known as power-combining arrays, is required. The second problem is the associated significant conductor losses, which keep increasing with the frequency. Accordingly, spatial power combining offers a solution that could substantially reduce those losses. There are different types of spatial power combiners; however they can generally be categorized as either three dimensional, or two dimensional. Two-dimensional power combiners, as compared to the three-dimensional type, are relatively compact since they do not utilize any three dimensional components such as lenses, and polarizers. In this paper a new CPW fed slot antenna is presented. The antenna is suitable for TM mode excitation needed in slab beam power combining and also could be useful in feeding leaky wave antennas.
Targeting sphingolipid metabolism in the treatment of obesity/type 2 diabetes

Introduction: Obesity is a major factor that is linked to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Excess circulating fatty acids (FAs), which characterize obesity, induce insulin resistance, steatosis, β cells dysfunction and apoptosis. These deleterious effects have been defined as lipotoxicity. Areas covered: FAs are metabolized to different lipid species, including ceramides which play a crucial role in lipotoxicity. The action of ceramides on tissues, such as muscle, liver, adipose tissue and pancreatic β cells, during the development of T2D will also be reviewed. In addition, the potential antagonist action of other sphingolipids, namely sphingoid base phosphates, on lipotoxicity in skeletal muscle and β cells will be addressed. Expert opinion: Ceramide is a critical mediator to the development of T2D linked to obesity. Targeting proteins involved in ceramide’s deleterious action has not been possible due to their involvement in many other intracellular signaling pathways. A possible means of counteracting ceramide action would be to prevent the accumulation of the specific ceramide species involved in both insulin resistance and β-cell apoptosis/dysfunction. Another possibility would be to adjust the dynamic balance between ceramide and sphingoid base phosphate, both known to display opposing properties on the development of T2D-linked obesity.
Photo‐Induction of Hypothalamic Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone‐I mRNA in the Domestic Chicken: a Role for Oestrogen?

Photoinduced changes in GnRH neuronal function were investigated in prepubertal and in mid‐pubertal cockerels and somatically mature hens. Photostimulation of short day mid‐pubertal cockerels and somatically mature out‐of‐lay hens for 7 days significantly increased (P<0.05) total hypothalamic gonadotrophin releasing hormone‐I (GnRH‐I) mRNA. The increase in GnRH‐I mRNA was associated with increased (P<0.05) plasma LH in the hens but not mid‐pubertal cockerels. Photostimulation of short day prepubertal cockerels for 7 days also stimulated LH release (P<0.05) but in contrast did not increase total hypothalamic GnRH‐I mRNA. Plasma LH and hypothalamic GnRH‐I mRNA were depressed in (P<0.001) short day prepubertal cockerels chronically treated with oestradiol benzoate (0.5 mg/kg, on alternate days). However, photostimulation of oestrogenized prepubertal cockerels for 7 days stimulated LH release (P<0.001) and increased hypothalamic GnRH‐I mRNA (P<0.001). It is concluded that photostimulatory inputs to GnRH neurones have the potential to increase GnRH‐I mRNA transcription or stability and to increase GnRH‐I release. The extent to which increased levels of GnRH‐I mRNA or increased GnRH release from GnRH neurones are observed after photostimulation may depend on the interaction between the drive on GnRH‐I neurone function, which increases at the onset of puberty, and the inhibitory action of oestrogen produced locally in the hypothalamus.
Could inducible protein-10 and heparin-binding hemagglutinin improve the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected subjects in a country with low incidence of tuberculosis ?

Abstract Background: This study aimed to evaluate inducible protein-10 (IP-10) as a biomarker besides interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) to improve the identification of active tuberculosis (TB) and latent tubercular infection (LTBI) in a country with a low incidence of TB. Methods: Whole blood from Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected subjects was stimulated with region-of-difference-1 (RD1)-specific peptides and with heparin-binding hemagglutinin (HBHA) to determine the release of IP-10 and IFN-γ. Results: No statistically significant difference was observed between positive rates of IP-10 and IFN-γ after RD1-specific peptide stimulation in the TB and LTBI groups; a different response was detected in QuantiFERON TB-gold test-negative (QFT–) subjects. A significantly different proportion of positive responses was observed between IP-10 and IFN-γ following HBHA stimulation in the TB group and in the QFT– group but not in the LTBI group. Conclusions: The IP-10 test seemed to identify false-negative QFT results in some subjects with a positive IFN-γ/IP-10/HBHA pattern.
Recent progress in the discovery and development of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) have long been known to be the main facilitators of the cell proliferation cycle. However, they also play important roles in the regulation of the RNA polymerase II transcription cycle. Cancer cells display aberrant cell cycle regulation to gain proliferative advantages and they also appear to have an exaggerated dependence on RNA polymeraseII transcriptional activity to sustain pro-survival and antiapoptotic signalling. A picture is now starting to emerge that both the cell-cycle and transcriptional functions of CDKs can be exploited pharmacologically with CDK inhibitors that possess appropriate selectivity profiles. In this article, recent advances into these mechanistic insights and how they can guide clinical development in terms of choice of indication are reviewed, as well as combinations with existing chemotherapies. An overview is also given of recent clinical trial results with the lead CDK inhibitor drug candidates seliciclib (CYC202, (R)-roscovitine; Cyclacel) and alvocidib (flavopiridol; Aventis-NCI), as well as the development of other clinical entries and advanced preclinical compounds. The discussion focuses on oncology, but we point out recent results with CDK inhibitors in virology and nephrology.
CD2-associated protein participates in podocyte apoptosis via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

Abstract CD2-associated protein is one of the most important slit diaphragm proteins in maintaining podocyte integrity and reducing proteinuria. In the last 15 years, progressive researches have shown that CD2AP serves as an adaptor protein, plays essential roles in the podocyte cytoskeletal structure and signaling from the extracellular SD to the intracellular dynamic actin cytoskeleton. CD2AP deficient or transcript abnormality would lead to podocyte failure and proteinuric glomerular diseases. In this study, we demonstrate that CD2AP and p85 regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase (PI3K), recruit PI3K to the plasma membrane, and stimulate PI3K-dependent AKT signaling in podocytes the CD2AP-mediated AKT activity can regulate complex biological programs. PAN reduces Akt phosphorylation levels of GSK3β, LY294002 can promote podocyte apoptosis induced by PAN. Our findings suggest that the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling represents an essential component to maintain the functional integrity of podocytes. And PI3K/Akt signaling pathway play an important role in podocyte apoptosis
The GhostHands UX: telementoring with hands-on augmented reality instruction

Augmented Reality is providing a whole new set of possibilities to improve proficiency and safety on the workplace and reduce costs during training, in particular in manufacturing and automotive industries. Among the applications developed to support workers on the shop floor, telementoring plays a leading role as a demonstrator of the capabilities of AR in industry. This paper explores the user experience of telementoring via GhostHands the use of a virtual model of a mentor’s real hands, appearing in a workers full AR view of a work task. The mentor can see the workers view ‘through their eyes’ and can place their GhostHands into that view. Both worker and mentor appear to cope with this ‘ghost assisted’ experience very well, and recognise a sense of joint accomplishment from the cues that the hands embody in completing a task.
25th Anniversary Article: Engineering Hydrogels for Biofabrication

With advances in tissue engineering, the possibility of regenerating injured tissue or failing organs has become a realistic prospect for the first time in medical history. Tissue engineering – the combination of bioactive materials with cells to generate engineered constructs that functionally replace lost and/or damaged tissue – is a major strategy to achieve this goal. One facet of tissue engineering is biofabrication, where three‐dimensional tissue‐like structures composed of biomaterials and cells in a single manufacturing procedure are generated. Cell‐laden hydrogels are commonly used in biofabrication and are termed “bioinks”. Hydrogels are particularly attractive for biofabrication as they recapitulate several features of the natural extracellular matrix and allow cell encapsulation in a highly hydrated mechanically supportive three‐dimensional environment. Additionally, they allow for efficient and homogeneous cell seeding, can provide biologically‐relevant chemical and physical signals, and can be formed in various shapes and biomechanical characteristics. However, despite the progress made in modifying hydrogels for enhanced bioactivation, cell survival and tissue formation, little attention has so far been paid to optimize hydrogels for the physico‐chemical demands of the biofabrication process. The resulting lack of hydrogel bioinks have been identified as one major hurdle for a more rapid progress of the field. In this review we summarize and focus on the deposition process, the parameters and demands of hydrogels in biofabrication, with special attention to robotic dispensing as an approach that generates constructs of clinically relevant dimensions. We aim to highlight this current lack of effectual hydrogels within biofabrication and initiate new ideas and developments in the design and tailoring of hydrogels. The successful development of a “printable” hydrogel that supports cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation will significantly advance this exciting and promising approach for tissue engineering.
Changing Contexts of Adolescent Socialization How Adolescents Spend

Broadly, socialization refers to the process by which youth are helped to acquire the skills necessary to function competently and successfully as members of their social group or culture. Much of the theorizing and psychological research on socialization has focused on early and middle childhood because, depending on one’s theoretical predilections, this is when children are seen as most malleable in response to environmental influences, when innate predispositions are manifested, or when, through biopsychosocial processes, trajectories toward different developmental endpoints are firmly established. But socialization continues in the second decade of life and in ways continuous with childhood on many dimensions. At the same time, and as we elaborate below, there are unique aspects to socialization during adolescence. Particularly, parenting increasingly occurs at a distance as children become more independent, as new forms of peer relationships emerge, and as different developmental issues assume prominence. Before turning to these issues, we address several conceptual and methodological issues. Early theoretical models viewed socialization as a largely unidirectional process whereby parents transmitted cultural norms and standards to their children, with the goal of reproducing them in successive generations. Thus, assessments focused largely on children’s compliance with parental expectations or their acquisition of culturally valued goals and behaviors (see Smetana, 2002, 2011). However, most researchers, including those from different theoretical vantage points, now agree that socialization is considerably more complex than this model suggests. There has been an increasing emphasis on bidirectional processes and children’s active role in their own development. For instance, Kuczynski, Parkin, and Pitman (Chapter 6, this volume) have focused on socialization as a reciprocal dynamic process and on cHaPter 3
Actinomycetes in Hypogean Environments

Most hypogean environments, particularly caves, are characterized by a stable temperature, usually in the range of 10-15degreeC, and high relative humidity. These ecosystems, when an allochthonous input of organic matter is present, seem to favor the growth of heterotrophic bacteria, from which actinomycetes predominate. Streptomyces species are particularly abundant and, in some cases, can be found as monospecific colonies. The mechanisms involved in colonization and growth are unknown, but microclimate and carbon sources can play an important role.
Stratégies pour l’étiquetage et l’analyse syntaxique statistique de phénomènes difficiles en français : études de cas avec Talismane [Strategies for statistical POS-tagging and parsing of difficult phenomena in French: case studies using Talismane]

RÉSUMÉ. Les outils statistiques robustes en TAL, tels que les étiqueteurs morphosyntaxiques et les analyseurs syntaxiques, utilisent souvent des descripteurs « pauvres », qui peuvent être appliqués facilement à n’importe quelle langue, mais ne prennent pas en compte les particularités de la langue. Dans cette étude, nous cherchons à améliorer l’analyse de deux phénomènes en français en injectant des connaissances plus riches : l’étiquetage morphosyntaxique du mot que et l’analyse syntaxique de la coordination. Nous comparons plusieurs techniques : la transformation automatique du corpus vers d’autres normes d’annotation avant l’entraînement, l’ajout de descripteurs ciblés et riches lors de l’entraînement, et l’ajout de règles symboliques qui contournent le modèle statistique lors de l’analyse. Nous atteignons une réduction du taux d’erreur de 55 % pour l’étiquetage de que, et de 37 % pour les structures coordonnées.
Phases of massive scalar field collapse

We study critical behavior in the collapse of massive spherically symmetric scalar fields. We observe two distinct types of phase transition at the threshold of black hole formation. Type II phase transitions occur when the radial extent $(\ensuremath{\lambda})$ of the initial pulse is less than the Compton wavelength $({\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}1})$ of the scalar field. The critical solution is that found by Choptuik in the collapse of massless scalar fields. Type I phase transitions, where the black hole formation turns on at finite mass, occur when $\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\gg}1$. The critical solutions are unstable soliton stars with masses $\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.6{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. Our results in combination with those obtained for the collapse of a Yang-Mills field [M. W. Choptuik, T. Chmaj, and P. Bizon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 424 (1996)] suggest that unstable, confined solutions to the Einstein-matter equations may be relevant to the critical point of other matter models.
Insecticide resistance in Brazilian Triatoma infestans and Venezuelan Rhodnius prolixus

Resistance levels to insecticides used in control of Chagas Disease vectors were assessed in two species of bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae): Triatoma infestans (Klug) from Brazil and Rhodnius prolixus Stål from Venezuela. The resistance ratios, compared to susceptible laboratory strains, were determined by topical application bioassays. The T. infestans PA strain exhibited resistance ratios of 7× to deltamethrin, 3.6× to β‐cyfluthrin and 3.3× to cypermethrin, but was susceptible to β‐cypermethrin and lambda‐cyhalothrin. Rhodnius prolixus CA strain showed resistance to all the pyrethroids evaluated, the resistance ratios ranging between 4.5× to lambda‐cyhalothrin and 12.4× to cypermethrin. Deltamethrin resistance in both strains was decreased by piperonyl butoxide, suggesting oxidative metabolism as cause of resistance.
Nuevos Algoritmos y Ataques a Sistemas de Identi caci on Biom etrica basados en Reconocimiento de Iris

En este trabajo se recogen dos enfoques claramente de_nidos: Primeramente, se propone una mejora a los sistemas actuales de detecci _on de iris, tanto en detecci_on de pupila, como en detecci_on de iris en s__ misma. Dichos algoritmos rompen con el esquema cl_asico de aislamiento de iris, y proponen una nueva idea en este campo. Adem_as, se utilizar_an bases de datos actuales para la evaluaci_on de los resultados. Por otro lado, se presenta un esquema de ataque a un sistema de iris en el que a partir del patr_on biom_etrico se reproduce una imagen de iris capaz de confundir a dicho sistema, mediante la utilizaci_on de algoritmos gen_eticos. Este novedoso procedimiento, no existe nada parecido en la literatura actual, permitir__a a un determinado usuario falsi_car su identidad, utilizando simplemente el patr_on biom_etrico de iris de otro usuario. Los resultados de este algoritmo muestran como esto es factible. Adem_as, no existe en la literatura nada similar en cuesti_on de ataques de este tipo a un sistema de iris.
The physiology of judo-specific training modalities.

Understanding the physiological response to the most common judo training modalities may help to improve the prescription and monitoring of training programs. This review is based on search results using the following terms: "judo," "judo and training," "judo and physiology," "judo and specific exercises," and "judo and combat practice. " Uchi-komi (repetitive technical training) is a specific judo exercise that can be used to improve aerobic and anaerobic fitness. Effort to pause ratio, total session duration, number and duration of individual sets, and the type of technique can be manipulated to emphasize specific components of metabolism. "Nage-komi" (repetitive throwing training) can also be used to improve aerobic and anaerobic fitness, depending on the format of the training session. "Randori" (combat or fight practice; sparring) is the training modality most closely related to actual judo matches. Despite the similarities, the physiological demands of randori practice are not as high as observed during real competitive matches. Heart rate has not shown to be an accurate measure of training intensity during any of the previously mentioned judo training modalities. High-volume, high-intensity training programs often lead judo athletes to experience overtraining-related symptoms, with immunosuppression being one of the most common. In conclusion, judo training and judo-specific exercise should be manipulated to maximize training response and competitive performance.
Pulse oximetry screening for critical congenital heart disease in the newborn.

Occurring in 8 out of 1,000 live births, congenital heart defects account for 27% of infant deaths that are caused by birth defects. A quarter of infants who have congenital heart defects will be diagnosed with critical congenital heart disease (CCHD), a life threatening condition that requires surgery or catheter intervention within the first year of life. Failure to detect CCHD and late detection of CCHD may lead to serious morbidity or death.
Effect of Humidity on Aerosolization of Micronized Drugs

Abstract The variation of aerosolization with humidity for three micronized drugs used in the treatment of asthma was evaluated by using in vitro methods. Micronized samples of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), salbutamol sulphate, and triamcinolone acetonide (TAA) were stored for 12 hr at 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75% relative humidity (RH). A suitable “reservoir” dry powder inhaler was loaded and tested by using a twin-stage impinger at each specific humidity. The aerosolization efficiency of all three micronized drugs was affected by variations in humidity. The percentage of the delivered dose and the fine particle fraction of the loaded dose (FPFLD) for both DSCG and salbutamol sulphate decreased with increasing humidity; with the largest decrease in FPFLD occurring between 45% and 60% RH for DSCG and 60% to 75% RH for salbutamol sulphate. These observations suggest that the adhesion properties for both DSCG and salbutamol sulphate, which govern the aerosolization efficiency, are predominately influenced by capillary interactions. In contrast, the FPFLD for TAA significantly increased as the humidity increased over the range 15% to 75% RH, suggesting that triboelectric forces predominate particle-particle interactions. These variations in drug particulate behavior highlight the importance of an individual formulation approach when developing dry powder inhalation systems.