Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic Diversity of Some Tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Mill Varieties in Iraq Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Markers

This study was conducted to evaluate the genetic diversity among 19 tomato varieties (determinate and indeterminate) cultivated in Iraq using polymerase chain reaction based DNA markers (PCR based DNA markers) ; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPDs) . To achieve PCR reactions ,total genomic DNA was isolated from fresh leaves (2 weeks old). The average yields of DNA were in the range of 100-295 ng/μl with a purity ranging between 1.8-1.9. RAPDs amplifications were performed for varieties fingerprinting by testing 27 Operon primers. DNA polymorphisms among varieties were scored within detectable amplified fragments (their numbers and molecular weight) after agarose gel electrophoresis and staining by ethidium bromide. These 27 primers produced 442 of main bands,out of which 312 were polymorphic bands (70.5%) and 70 were monomorphic (15.8%) across all tested varieties. Each selected primer produced between 60 bands (OPA-14) to 290 bands (OPD-13). DNA amplification products ranged in their size from 250 bp ( OPA-01, OPU-14, OPX-15,OPX-19,OPT- 08 ) to 2755 bp (OPX-18). The highest number of polymorphic bands (21 bands) was produced by primer OPU-03 while, the lowest number of polymorphic bands (3 band) was produced by both primers OPA-14 and OPB-17. The primers varied in their capacity in producing polymorphic amplified profiles among studied tomato varieties which individually reflected variety specific DNA profiles (fingerprints). The most important primers for this purpose were primers that produced more variety specific DNA profiles, such as OPD-13, OPT-08, OPW-04, OPA-04, OPA-15, OPB-18, OPU-03, OPC-09. The highest value of discrimination among varieties in this study was obtained by primer OPU-03 while the lowest discrimination value was produced by both primers OPA-14 and OPB-17.The primer efficiency ranged from 0.13 in (primer OPC-09) to 0.02 in (primer OPB-17). The lowest genetic distance was (0.2294) between varieties Oula and Shadylady, while, the highest genetic distance was (0.9459) between varieties Fotton and Special pack. Cluster analysis (phylogenetic tree) by unweighted pair-group method of arithmetic means (UPGMA) based dendrogram revealed that they were two main genetic groups (major clusters). The first small major clusters included four (4 varieties) while the second large major cluster included (15 varieties ). The overall analysis of the results show that RAPDs markers are powerful tool in fingerprinting and revealing the genetic relationships among tomato varieties.The relationship among varieties was not concern to their morphological characters and geographical origins .
Current Opinion in Gynecology and Obstetrics The Association of Hispanic Ethnicity with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

1Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA 2Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA 3Center for Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA 4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
Evaluating interviews which search for the truth with suspects: but are investigators’ self-assessments of their own skills truthful ones?

ABSTRACT Self-evaluation of one’s own performance has been found in prior research to be an enabler of professional development. The task of evaluation is also a core component of a model of the investigative interviewing of victims, witnesses and suspects, being increasingly used throughout the world. However, it remains the case that there has been little research as to how practitioners approach the task itself. The present study examined the topic through the lens of observing how effectively 30 real-life investigators in the UK undertook evaluation of their interviews, representing almost the entire investigative frontline workforce of a small law enforcement agency in this country. Using an established scale of measurement, both investigators’ and an expert’s ratings of the same sample of interviews were compared across a range of tasks and behaviours. It was found that in almost all the assessed behaviours, requiring of the investigators to provide a self-rating, their scores tended to significantly outstrip those applied to the sample by the expert. Reasons are explored for the investigators’ overstated assessments. Implications for practice are then discussed.
Crustal deformation in the south‐central Andes backarc terranes as viewed from regional broad‐band seismic waveform modelling

SUMMARY The convergence between the Nazca and South America tectonic plates generates a seismically active backarc region near 31 ◦ S. Earthquake locations define the subhorizontal subducted oceanic Nazca plate at depths of 90‐120 km. Another seismic region is located within the continental upper plate with events at depths 1.80, th = 45‐55 km) than those of the eastern Sierras Pampeanas (Vp = 6.0‐6.2 km s −1 , Vp/Vs < 1.70, th = 27‐35 km). In addition, we observed an apparent distribution of reverse crustal earthquakes along the suture that connects those terranes. Finally, we estimated average P and T axes over the CHARGE period. The entire region showed P- and T-axis orientations of 275 ◦ and 90 ◦ , plunging 6 ◦ and 84 ◦ , respectively.
The palaeogeography of Sundaland and Wallacea since the Late Jurassic

The continental core of Southeast (SE) Asia, Sundaland, was assembled from Gondwana fragments by the Early Mesozoic. Continental blocks rifted from Australia in the Jurassic [South West (SW) Borneo, East Java-West Sulawesi-Sumba], and the Woyla intraoceanic arc of Sumatra, were added to Sundaland in the Cretaceous. These fragments probably included emergent areas and could have carried a terrestrial flora and fauna. Sarawak, the offshore Luconia-Dangerous Grounds areas, and Palawan include Asian continental material. These probably represent a wide accretionary zone at the Asia-Pacific boundary, which was an active continental margin until the mid Cretaceous. Subduction ceased around Sundaland in the Late Cretaceous, and from about 80 Ma most of Sundaland was emergent, physically connected to Asia, but separated by deep oceans from India and Australia. India moved rapidly north during the Late Cretaceous and Early Cenozoic but there is no evidence that it made contact with SE Asia prior to collision with Asia. One or more arc-India collisions during the Eocene may have preceded India-Asia collision. The arcs could have provided dispersal pathways from India into SE Asia before final suturing of the two continents. During the Late Cretaceous and Early Cenozoic there was no significant subduction beneath Sumatra, Java and Borneo. At about 45 Ma Australia began to move north, subduction resumed and there was widespread rifting within Sundaland. During the Paleogene east and north Borneo were largely submerged, the Makassar Straits became a wide marine barrier within Sundaland, and West Sulawesi was separated from Sundaland but included land. By the Early Miocene the proto-South China Sea had been eliminated by subduction leading to emergence of land in central Borneo, Sabah and Palawan. Australia-SE Asia collision began, eliminating the former deep ocean separating the two continents, and forming the region now known as Wallacea. The microplate or terrane concept of slicing fragments from New Guinea followed by multiple collisions in Wallacea is implausible. Neogene subduction drove extension and fragmentation of Wallacea that caused both subsidence of deep marine basins and elevation of land; bathymetry changed very rapidly, especially during the Pliocene, but the detailed palaeogeography of this region remains uncertain.
Transnational transformations: Coupling migration and change

In this paper, I propose an analytical framework to study the dual relationship between migration and change, addressing a two-fold question: what are the consequences of political developments on migration and transnational engagement, and what are the consequences of migration and transnational engagement on politics in the country of origin? I introduce two sets of theoretical debates that have dealt with the relationship between migration and change as building blocks to develop an actor-oriented analytical framework to study both outcomes and processes of becoming a migrant and transnationally active. The framework addresses the need in the migration and development debate to understand the heterogeneity of both processes, that allows us to see migration, integration and transnational engagement as different outcomes of these processes from above and below, while avoiding a loss of analytical focus. This framework has four main analytical benefits. First, the framework allows us to analytically disentangle the different dimensions of change, but also to study the process by which migrants become active agents of change, rather than essentialising this as fixed or static. Second, the cyclical structure of the framework addresses the need in the migration and development debate to understand migration and change as dynamic processes that are both steered from below and from above in an interactive process that changes over time and on all levels. Third, the interactions in the framework allow us to understand the heterogeneity of mechanisms and outcomes of migration-induced change (Burgess 2012). It highlights that migration-induced change is not necessarily democratisation and not always for the better (Portes 2009). Fourth, the framework allows for hypotheses on processes and outcomes of migration and change that centralises time and mobility in addition to spatial factors.
Implementation of Lifelong Learning Policies in South Korea: A World Society Perspective4

This study examines the process of the implementation of lifelong learning policies in South Korea, and builds on a world society perspective, which views international organizations as major agents that diffuse the norm of lifelong learning across nations. Analysis of literature reveals that UNESCO through international conference on adult education (CONFINTEA) played a decisive role in South Korea’s adaptation of lifelong learning as a national agenda.
"The International Expansion of SMEs of Leather Industry in European Context: The case of a Greek Company"

Leather Industry is one of the most popular and the largest sector especially in Europe and in the Mediterranean Area. (European Commission, 2003) In leather industry’s operations and products belong many considerable and famous companies, providing some valuable elements even in the academic research. This study has the purpose to provide evidence of the successful Internationalisation of Greek Leather SME through the analysis of successful international moves, in terms of international expansion, free trade and European market. The two schools of thought (U-Model & I-Model) along with the Yip at al, 2000 models illustrate the companies’ forces and the stages of the internationalisation that every company adopted according to the sector that belongs to. Furthermore, the purpose of the authors is to examine separately the manufacturing sector and service sector via the internationalisation lenses. The contrast recommendation analysis will measure the performance and show how strong the company’s foundations are, revealing the core corporate goal. In addition, the specific analysis provides a picture of what constructive lessons the Greek manufacturing SME could adopt from the service sector highlighting its weaknesses and supplying solutions for the future.
Economics of Conventions and the New Economic Sociology and our Understanding of Food Quality and New Food Markets and Trade Institutions: What are markets that pure economics does not know?

If there is something difficult to understand within economics it is markets 1 . While prices, producers, consumers, and even the state as regulatory authority, are economic agencies and subject of behavioural theories, something as a theory of markets and even a theory of commodities does not consistently exist. The word "market" covers a wide range of organisations and institutions making markets functioning (e.g.: enterprises, market places, information on price, legal guaranties) on the one hand, and on the other hand it is reduced to abstract mechanisms (supply and demand model). Property rights, law and institutions in general are seen as mere timeless constraints for conformity. While they are not for economics (except for institutional economics), markets are objects of research for History, Law, Anthropology and Sociology. Economic sociology is occupying this vacant theoretical space. It has developed with the critique of neoclassical theory as a starting point, and principally the critique of the inconsistency of its central notion of market, while instead the markets are relational or transactional spheres. Variety within markets is denied by the essential hypothesis of the perfect competition, willing the agents anonymous and omniscient. The ways opened by Chamberlin with the representation of markets as local monopolies, by Coase with the existence of costs of using markets (transaction costs), by Austrian economics with markets as processes of discovery of efficient designs, or by evolutionary economics interested in the way market structuring influences innovation, were broadly regarded as
Improving the Slovak LVCSR Performance by Cluster-Sensitive Acoustic Model Retraining

In this paper, we present a cluster-dependent adaptation approach for HMM-based acoustic models. The proposed approach employs clustering techniques to group the original training utterances into clusters with predefined number. The clustered speech data are intended to adapt an initially pre-trained acoustic model to the specific cluster by reestimation based on the standard Baum-Welch procedure. The resulting model, adapted to the homogeneous data may markedly improve the baseline recognition rate, whereas the model complexity may be reduced. In the recognition step, the test samples are scored by each adapted model and the most accurate one is chosen. The proposed approach is thoroughly evaluated in Slovak triphone-based large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) system. The results prove that the cluster-sensitive retraining leads to significant improvements over the baseline reference system trained according to the conventional training procedure.
Upper Pleistocene and Holocene palaeoenvironmental records in Cueva Mayor karst (Atapuerca, Spain) from different proxies: speleothem crystal fabrics, palynology and archaeology.

The Cueva Mayor karst system of Atapuerca, in Northern Spain, hosts a highly significant record of human occupation from the Pleistocene. The climatic context of the human activities during the Pleistocene-Holocene for this inland site has not been well constrained, since existing records of the palaeoclimatic evolution of the Northern Iberian Peninsula are from more distal coastal and high-elevation sites. In this study, we interpret the palaeoenvironmental information recorded on the petrography of a stalagmite and the pollen spectra of the Sierra de Atapuerca karst system during the last 20 kyr. The integration of both types of records has allowed us to define four palaeoenvironmental stages. During the Upper Pleistocene and until 12.8 kyr BP, the climate was cold and dry, toward the end of the interval evolving to wetter and warmer conditions. From 12.8 to 7.7 kyr BP, during the Mesolithic-Neolithic, a major erosion event in both records marks the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. Around 5.9 kyr BP, the Late Neolithic, environmental conditions indicate a climatic optimum with a marked seasonality. The environmental conditions became drier from 4.2 kyr BP until the present, with a decrease in the woodlands. This aridity signal might be amplified by the impact of a more intense human agricultural activity after 3.1 kyr BP, during the Bronze Age.
The cellular uptake of antisense oligonucleotid of E6 mRNA into cervical cancer cells by DOPE-modified hydroxyapatite nanoparticles

Objective(s): Although several chemical and physical methods for gene delivery have been introduced, their cytotoxicity, non-specific immune responses and the lack of biodegradability remain the main issues. In this study, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (NPs) and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanol​amine (DOPE)-modified hydroxyapatite NPs was coated with antisense oligonucleotide of E6 mRNA, and their uptakes into the cervical cancer cell line were evaluated. Materials and Methods: Calcium nitrate and diammonium phosphate were used for the synthesis of the hydroxyapatite nanoparticle. Thus, they were coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG), DOPE and antisense oligonucleotide of E6 mRNA using a cross-linker. Then, hydroxyapatite NPs and DOPE-modified hydroxyapatite NPs were incubated 48 hours with cervical cancer cells and their uptakes were evaluated by fluorescent microscopy. Results: The hydroxyapatite NPs had different shapes and some agglomeration with average size of 100 nm. The results showed DOPE-modified hydroxyapatite NPs had higher uptake than hydroxyapatite NPs (P<0.05). Conclusions: Hydroxyapatite NPs conjugated with DOPE are a good choice for gene delivery and silencing of viral genes in cervical cancer cells, but their efficacy should be addressed more in future studies.
Computational Models of Functional Hyperaemia in the Cerebro-vasculature

The combination of an autoregulation model with a fully populated arterial tree able to regulate dynamically remains a relatively unexplored field. A non-dimensional representation of autoregulation coupled with an asymmetric binary tree algorithm (approx 1,000,000 vessel segments) simulating the cerebro-vasculature has been developed. Results are presented for an autoregulation algorithm of the cerebro- vasculature downstream of the efferent arteries, in this case the middle cerebral artery. In addition the model is capable of simulating spatially local variation in the metabolic rate and thus enabling local dilations of the vasculature. This is termed functional hyperaemia and is the phenomenon associated with the brain's ability to provide variations in nutrients to specific sites within the brain cortex when the person is processing certain tasks. A new metabolic model for autoregulation has been developed and this allows carbon dioxide to diffuse between arterioles and the venous bed causing either a relaxation of contraction of the nearby arteriolar bed. Results show that under variations in pressure the metabolic mechanism provides sufficient variation in the peripheral resistance to accommodate constancy of cerebral blood perfusion. Secondly the spatial distribution of vessel radii is altered under functional hyperaemia and results provide a relationship between increases/decreases in metabolic rate and the vessel radial distribution of the cerebrovasculature, thus indicating that the metabolic process is the essential driving agent for cerebral processing. The authors believe this to be the first time a full arterial tree algorithm for the cerebrovasculature has been developed to show both the autoregulation and functional hyperaemia mechanisms.
An exploratory review of research on cancer pain and informationrelated needs : what (little) we know

Introduction. Although much has been reported on cancer information needs, the literature is scant on cancer pain information-related needs. This might be prohibiting understanding of complex experiences of pain and fulfilment of information needs. An exploratory review of research on cancer pain and information-related needs is used to make suggestions for future research. The review reports on research themes, research designs and research gaps. Method. Key Library and Information Science, Healthcare and inter-disciplinary databases were searched for articles reporting on cancer pain and information-related needs. It is an exploratory review. Analysis: Thematic analysis identified the following themes: people affected/studied, and the type, stage and care/treatment of cancer as well as care location. It also addressed the research designs including research approaches, research methods, means of data collection and sample sizes. Results: Research on cancer pain and information-related needs are limited, scattered in terms of cancer type, stage, care/treatment and care location, and the research designs are often too compartmentalised and simplistic to fully appreciate the complexities of cancer pain and the difficulties in contextualising, recognising, expressing, acting-on / fulfilling, and re-assessing pain information-related needs. Conclusion: Suggestions are offered for further research embracing the commitment for palliative care of cancer pain and ensuring quality of life, enhanced research designs, the need to address the issue of differing terminologies on a broader extent between disciplines and in a narrower context, between patients and healthcare practitioners, and to explore means to address the complexity of cancer pain and cancer pain information-related needs.
Academic Management — The Case for Challenge

An examination was made of how well certain units involved in managing the teaching-learning organizations of universities work. Criteria for acceptable operation involved clarity of communication, matches between objectives at different levels of the administrative hierarchy, matches between objectives and methods, and rationality of approach to cost-effectiveness. Significant defects were found in relation to each of these criteria suggesting that both selection and training of staff at all levels are now, to some degree, deficient. Inefficiencies relating to poor information gathering, and poor communication were identified as was unnecessary duplication between faculty and department organizations.
Geochemical and mineralogical characterization of tremolite asbestos contained in the Gimigliano-Mount Reventino Unit (Calabria, south Italy)

In the recent years, many studies have focused on rocks containing naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) with the purpose of determining the potential health risks to exposed neighboring populations. Environmental exposure to NOA has been shown to be a cause of several types of lung disease. The toxicity of asbestos fibres should also depend on the concentration of trace elements and their release in the environment. In this regard the aim of the present work was to characterize four samples of pure tremolite asbestos belonging to Gimigliano-Mount Reventino Unit (Calabria, south Italy). Through a several analytical techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), the size, morphology, crystallinity and chemical composition of tremolite samples were discussed to define the impact on the environment and human health.