Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimization of urinary pteridine analysis conditions by CE‐LIF for clinical use in early cancer detection

The second leading cause of death in the US is cancer and early discovery of the disease has translated into reduced fatality rates. We have identified and performed a systematic investigation of a method for urinary pteridine analysis by using CE‐LIF, which is believed to possess the potential to diagnose the presence of cancer even earlier than existing methodologies. Through system enhancements, we have been able to improve the resolution of the two least resolved sets of peaks (6,7‐dimethylpterin versus 6‐biopterin and D‐(+)‐neopterin versus 6‐hydroxymethylpterin) from 0.85 to 2.48 and 0.90 to 3.58, respectively. Additionally, we have discovered that the preparation of the urine samples in previous works was inadequate, and we have corrected the method to fully oxidize the pteridines in the urine, resulting in significantly less variability in quantification and greater ease of defining p‐values for healthy versus cancer patients. Finally, we have performed validation steps of spike and recovery and short‐term aging studies to demonstrate the method's robustness. As a result, we present an optimized and validated method ready for transfer from discovery phase to clinical trial that can potentially act as a non‐invasively pre‐screening test for cancer.
Ammonia Removal from Wastewaters Using Natural Australian Zeolite. I. Characterization of the Zeolite

This study considered the potential of a natural Australian zeolite, clinoptilolite, to remove ammonium from water. Ammonium-exchange capacity and rates of adsorption are critical to the assessment of the feasibility of the zeolite for application to continuous wastewater treatment. A laboratory study was undertaken, using pure solutions, to investigate the equilibria and kinetic characteristics of ammonium exchange in the zeolite. Binary equilibrium experiments provided information on the adsorption characteristics of the zeolite in terms of ammonia capacity at varying solution concentrations. These experiments also revealed that the highest ammonium removal efficiency was achieved when the zeolite's exchange sites were converted to the sodium form. Multicomponent equilibrium experiments were carried out to determine the effects of competing cations on the ammonium-exchange capacity of the zeolite. The laboratory study indicated the zeolite's selectivity for ammonium ions over other cations typically pre.
Na+/H+ Exchanger Inhibitor Prevented Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by High Glucose

The aims of this study were to examine whether cariporide, a selective Na+/H+ exchanger inhibitor, has protective effects against endothelial dysfunction induced by high glucose in vitro and to investigate the potential mechanisms. Exposure of rat aorta rings to high glucose (44 mmol/L) for 6 hours caused an inhibition of acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation but had no effect on sodium nitroprusside-induced endothelium-independent relaxation. Treatment with cariporide (0.01, 0.1, 1 μmol/L) of aortic rings incubated with high-glucose medium attenuated the impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, high glucose resulted in an increase of malondialdehyde and a decrease of superoxide dismutase activity in rat aorta rings, and these effects were reversed by cariporide. In addition, cariporide was able to inhibit the activation of Na+/H+ exchanger induced by high glucose in cultured endothelial cells. These findings suggest that the endothelial dysfunction induced by high glucose in vitro is caused by the activation of Na+/H+ exchanger.
Archive knowledge discovery by proxy cache

An archive is a file containing several related files. Many Internet resources, such as freeware, shareware and trail software, are often packaged into archives for easy installation and taking. Additionally, thousands of users search for archives and download them from different sources everyday. In this paper, previous research on archive downloading is extended via proxy cache to support archive searching. Internet proxy cache servers are used to gather a significant number of Web pages, detect those that contain archive links, and then use the obtained data to search archives by description or filename. Two schemes, iterative and backtracking, are proposed to obtain Web pages with archive links. The experimental results indicate that the precision that both of the schemes can achieve is about the same; however, the backtracking scheme reduces the number of checked pages by a factor of 26. Finally, a real system was implemented to demonstrate the proposed approaches.
Comparing predictors of conversion and decline in mild cognitive impairment

Objective: A variety of measurements have been individually linked to decline in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but the identification of optimal markers for predicting disease progression remains unresolved. The goal of this study was to evaluate the prognostic ability of genetic, CSF, neuroimaging, and cognitive measurements obtained in the same participants. Methods: APOE ε4 allele frequency, CSF proteins (Aβ1-42, total tau, hyperphosphorylated tau [p-tau181p]), glucose metabolism (FDG-PET), hippocampal volume, and episodic memory performance were evaluated at baseline in patients with amnestic MCI (n = 85), using data from a large multisite study (Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative). Patients were classified as normal or abnormal on each predictor variable based on externally derived cutoffs, and then variables were evaluated as predictors of subsequent conversion to Alzheimer disease (AD) and cognitive decline (Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale–Cognitive Subscale) during a variable follow-up period (1.9 ± 0.4 years). Results: Patients with MCI converted to AD at an annual rate of 17.2%. Subjects with MCI who had abnormal results on both FDG-PET and episodic memory were 11.7 times more likely to convert to AD than subjects who had normal results on both measures (p ≤ 0.02). In addition, the CSF ratio p-tau181p/Aβ1-42 (β = 1.10 ± 0.53; p = 0.04) and, marginally, FDG-PET predicted cognitive decline. Conclusions: Baseline FDG-PET and episodic memory predict conversion to AD, whereas p-tau181p/Aβ1-42 and, marginally, FDG-PET predict longitudinal cognitive decline. Complementary information provided by these biomarkers may aid in future selection of patients for clinical trials or identification of patients likely to benefit from a therapeutic intervention.
Shunt and other operations for hydrops.

The TOPIC which I have called "Shunt and Other Operations for Meniere's Disease" is, I think, a rather broad one, and I gave some thought as to whether I should try to go into specific details on individual operations. I finally elected more or less to philosophize about the entire group of these operations. Today, we are presented with quite a bewildering array of operations for Meniere's disease. I think the question is perhaps, to paraphrase an old saying, "What is the poor working otologist to do? " I think these operations can be grouped into various classifications. I usually group them as follows: those that are totally destructive of the inner ear function (we may have more to say about these in later papers) and those that are partially destructive (these are the denervation procedures, such as section of the eighth nerve by the various routes that are available, the
Depletions in the cervical and thoracolumbar sympathetic system following removal of neural crest from the embryo of Chelydra serpentina

Neural crest and dorsal neural tube of cervical and thoracolumbar levels were removed from embryos of Chelydra serpentina at stages ranging from 8 to 18 somites. Extirpation extended from the levels of the last four somites posteriorly around the neurenteric canal. Deficiencies in sensory and sympathetic ganglia occurred. Motor roots of the associated spinal nerves differentiated. In the absence of postganglionic neurons, the preganglionic fibers form a neuron‐free plexus in the thoracolumbar region. Some observations in the cervical region indicate that the postganglionic neurons depend on preganglionic fibers for their differentiation. The cortex of the adrenal gland formed without related medulla in appropriate experiments.
Urinary sodium balance in patients with cirrhosis: Relationship to quantitative parameters of liver function

The relationship between the impairment in hepatic and renal function in cirrhosis has not been well established. This study investigated urinary sodium excretion in comparison with quantitative parameters of liver function in 75 patients with various degrees of cirrhosis kept on a constant salt diet of 120 mmol/d for 5 days before the start of the study. The aminopyrine breath test (ABT), indocyanine green (ICG) elimination, galactose elimination capacity (GEC), and hepatic sorbitol elimination (HSE) served as quantitative parameters of liver function. Results for the quantitative tests were compared with those for the Child‐Pugh score. Urinary sodium excretion showed a significant nonlinear relationship to ABT (r = .70; P < .0001). Less‐significant correlations were observed for ICG (r = .60), the Child‐Pugh score (r = ‐.57), GEC (r = .44), and HSE (r = .34). Because a number of significant correlations were observed between the different liver function tests, multivariate analysis was used to further elucidate the relationship between hepatic function and sodium excretion. Only one independent predictor of urinary sodium excretion could be identified, and that was the ABT (P < .02). More than half of the nonascitic patients showed a urinary sodium excretion of less than 80% of dietary sodium intake, indicating impaired renal sodium handling in preascitic cirrhosis. Based on the 95% confidence interval (CI) for ABT of nonascitic patients with normal (mean ABT 0.56% dose × kg/mmol CO2; 95% CI: 0.44 to 0.69) and reduced urinary sodium excretion (mean ABT 0.26% dose × kg/mmol CO2; 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.35), a threshold level of ABT of about 0.4 (% dose × kg/mmol CO2) for conservation of normal urinary sodium excretion in cirrhosis can be defined. This ABT value reflects an approximate 50% reduction in function compared with the mean of cirrhotic patients with normal liver and kidney function (0.81% dose × kg/mmol CO2). The presence of ascites was also associated with a reduction in ABT to below 0.4 (% dose × kg/mmol CO2), while, for all other parameters, either the cut‐off point was close to the lower limit of normal or no cut‐off level could be detected. In conclusion, the results of the present study provide further evidence that the impairment in urinary sodium excretion in cirrhosis is related to hepatic function. The data suggest a nonlinear relationship. Because ABT has been shown to reflect functional hepatocellular mass, the occurrence of sodium retention and ascites appears to be related to a threshold of an approximate 50% reduction in functional liver cell mass.
CENTRIPETAL FAN SCOTOMA IN GLAUCOMA

30. Kabsch. -ThQse de Wiirzburg, 1891. 31. Knapp. -Arch. f. OphthaI. , XIV, p. 255, 1868. 32. Lang.Trans. Ophthal. Soc. U.K(. , XXIX, p. 156, 1909. 33. Lawford and Edmunds -Trans. O,hthal. Soc. , U.K., VII, p. 208, 1886. 34. Idem. -St. Thomas's Hosp. Rek5. , XI, p. 171. 1886. 35. Leber. -Graefe-Saemisch Handbuch, V, p. 907, 1877. 36. Leber u. Deutschmann. -Arch. f. Ophthal. , XXVII, i, p. 2 72, 1881. 37. Mackenzie. Text-book, 4th edit. , p. 1052. 38. Magnus -Die Sehnervenblutung, Leipzig, 1874. 39. Manx. -Deut. Arch. f. Klin. Med., IX, p. 339, 1872. 40. Mardellis. -Thgse de Lyons, 1900. 41. Michel. -Arch. J. Oihthal. , XXIII, pp. 2, 216, 1877. 42. Nettleship. -Ophthal. Rev., XIV, p. 97, 1895. 43. Nicod. -Thgse de Lyons, 1906. 44. Oishi. -Arch. f Augenheilk. , LXI, p, 17, 1908. 45. Panas. -" Traitd des Maladies des Yeux. " I, p. 698. 1894. 46. Idem. -Arch. d'Ophtal. , XXII, p. 624, 1895. 47. Parinaud. -Annal. d'Ocul. , LXXXI1, p. 26, 1879. 48. Idem. -Ibid, CXIV, p. 5, 1895. 49. Paton and Holmes. -Trans. O hthal. Soc. U.K., XXXI, p. 117, 191 1. 50. Priestley-Smith. -Trans. Ophthal. Soc. U.K., IV, p. 271, 1884. 51. Rollet. -Rev. Gen. d'Ophtal. , XXVII. p. 49, 1908. 52. Schnaudigel. -Arch. f. Ophthal. , XLVIII, pp 3, 460, 1899. 53. Schwalbe. -" Lehrbucb der Anatomie des Auges," Erlangen, 1887. 54. Schmidt-Rimpler. -Arch. f. Augenheilk. , XII, 1883. 55. de Schweinitz and Holloway. -Trafs. Amer. Ophthal. Soc. , XIII, p. 120, 1912. 56. Sicard -Quoted by Dupuy-Dutemps. 57. Silcock. -Trans. Ophthal. Soc. U.K., IV. , p. 274,1884. 58. Symonds. -Quart. Ji. Med., XVIII, p. 93, 1924. 59. Talko. -Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenheilk. , XI, p. 341. 1873. 60. Thenevet. -ThJse de Lyons, 1894. 61. Terson. -Annal. d'Ocul. , CXI.VII, p. 410, 1912. 62. Tiegel. -Th/se de Breslau, 1904. 63. Turnbull. -Brain, XII, p. 50, 1918. 64. Uhthoff. -Berichte Ophthal. Gesellsch. , Heidelberg, p. 143, 1901. 65 Wilbrand u. Saenger. -Neurol. des Auges. III, p. 766. 66. Williams. -Brit. Med. Jl. , I, p. 157, 1882. 67. Zacher. -Neurol. Centralbl. , II, p. 125, 1883.
Civic Culture

The term “civic culture” came to my attention following the recent wildfires in San Diego County. These fires destroyed over 2000 homes and burned over 350,000 acres; they caused the evacuation of over 400,000 people to sports arenas, schools, churches and community centers. According to most accounts the evacuations went smoothly and people were well cared for in the various evacuation centers. It did not take long before newspaper accounts, opinion columnists, TV newscasters, and bloggers were drawing comparisons to the Hurricane Katrina disaster and what followed in New Orleans. Several differences were noted, with New Orleans coming out the loser in leadership, political party affiliation, cooperation, coordination, and “civic culture. ” Robert J. Caldwell, writing in the San Diego Union Tribune’s Sunday Insight section, described New Orleans as “plagued by historically corrupt politics, chronically high crime rates, inept policing, bad schools and far too little of the civic glue that holds communities together in adversity” (Caldwell, 2007, p. G1). In contrast, he called the civic culture of San Diego “an underlying strength that helped us get through a week of trauma and tragedy . a model of efficient, effective response and civic cooperation” (Caldwell, p. G1). The Superdome was described as “a nightmarish breakdown of order, public safety and civility, an enduring image of civic dysfunction” (Caldwell, p. G1) while San Diego’s
Using deep belief networks to extract Chinese entity attribute relation in domain-specific

The state-of-the-art methods used for entity attribute relation extraction are primarily based on statistical machine learning, and the performance strongly depends on the quality of the extracted features. Deep belief networks DBN has been successful in the high dimensional feature space information extraction task, which can without complicated pre-processing. In this paper, the DBN, which consists of one or more restricted Boltzmann machine RBM layers and a back-propagation BP layer, is presented to extract Chinese entity attribute relation in domain-specific. First, the word tokens are transformed to vectors by looking up word embeddings. Then, the RBM layers maintain as much information as possible when feature vectors are transferred to next layer. Finally, the BP layer is trained to classify the features generated by the last RBM layer, and adopting Levenberg-Marquard LM optimisation algorithm to do the training. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art learning models in specific domain entity attribute relation extraction.
The Retinoic Acid-responsive Proline-rich Protein Is Identified in Promyeloleukemic HL-60 Cells*

To identify new genes that retinoic acid activates, we employed an mRNA differential display technique and screened for genes that are differentially expressed in promyeloleukemic HL-60 cells incubated in the presence of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) compared with the absence of ATRA. We cloned the coding region of a retinoic acid-induced gene from a human thymus library, which was the mRNA encoding the 666-amino acid human homologue of mouse proline-rich protein 76. We have designated it RARP1 (retinoic acid response proline-rich protein 1). Transcription of an ∼2.4-kbp mRNA occurred mainly in organs with immune functions, such as thymus, spleen, and peripheral leukocytes. Cycloheximide blocked the ATRA-induced expression. In megakaryocyte-like human erythroleukemia HEL cells, the amount of RARP1 mRNA was high, but it was low in human T-lymphoblastoid Jurkat cells. A specific antibody against RARP1 recognized a 110-kDa protein, which accumulates after incubation of HL-60 cells with ATRA. In immunohistochemical experiments, strong RARP1 staining was observed in the megakaryocytes of bone marrow and spleen, and heterogeneous stain was seen in thymus. Transcriptional studies showed that RARP1 expression impaired the transactivation through activator protein1 and serum responseelement in all cell lines we checked, whereas it did not affect the transactivation through cAMP-response element in the same cell lines. Further analysis demonstrated that proline-rich regions of RARP1 are the functional regions regulated for suppression of activator protein1 transactivation. These data suggest that ATRA-inducible RARP1 selectively affects signal transduction and may contribute to myeloid and megakaryocytic differentiation.
Differences between day and nonday workers in exposure to physical and psychosocial work factors in the Danish eldercare sector.

OBJECTIVE The possible interaction between individual and occupational risk factors, the need for meaningful intervention, and the demand for valid shift work research make the accumulation of adverse exposures at certain times of the day of special relevance with respect to occupational health. The aim of the present study was therefore to examine whether there was a clustering of detrimental work factors among female eldercare workers in fixed evening or fixed night shifts when they are compared with workers in fixed day shifts. METHODS This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted among 4590 female health care workers in the Danish eldercare sector. The participants worked in nursing homes, in home care, or in both. They answered questions on job demands, job control, and social support, together with questions on physical and psychological violence, physical workload, and passive smoking. RESULTS We found that-compared with day workers-fixed nonday workers were more exposed to low job control, low support from leaders, physical and psychological violence, and high physical demands. Nonday workers were, however, less exposed to high demands. These differences remained after control for age, job title, and workplace. CONCLUSIONS Exposures in the work environment of Danish eldercare workers varied between shifts. In a research perspective these findings stress the importance of adequate adjustment for work factors when the health effects of shift work are studied. Moreover, the results underscore the need for an increased awareness of work factors of special importance among nonday workers when interventions against shiftwork-related occupational disorders are designed.
Position‐effect variegation in Drosophila: the modifier Su(var)3‐7 is a modular DNA‐binding protein

An increase in the dose of the Su(var)3‐7 locus of Drosophila augments heterochromatin‐promoted variegated silencing. The deduced protein sequence of Su(var)3‐7 reveals seven widely spaced zinc fingers. We found that Su(var)3‐7 has affinity for DNA in vitro and that the minimal protein sequence requirement for DNA binding is any module containing two zinc fingers and the interval between them. As Su(var)3‐7 is a heterochromatin‐associated protein, we tested its affinity for various satellite DNA sequences in vitro. The AATAT and 353‐bp elements have the highest affinity. If affinity for satellite DNAs contributes to the presence of Su(var)3‐7 in heterochromatin, a general affinity for DNA, or sequences yet to be determined, suggests a function in the genomic silencing of position‐effect variegation: expansion of heterochromatin, whether continuous by spreading or discontinuous by pairing with sequence elements scattered through euchromatin, could use the affinity of Su(var)3‐7 for DNA.
Nationwide Survey on Nutritional Habits in Elite Athletes

Information about habitual food intake was systematically obtained from elite endurance, strength, and team sport athletes. The athletes (n = 419) trained at least 1-2 h daily and competed on an international level. A 4- or 7-day food diary was kept. For analysis of the data, a computerized food table was used. Mean energy intake varied from 12.1-24.7 MJ per day for male and 6.8-12.9 MJ per day for female athletes. Protein intake was in agreement with or higher than the Dutch recommendations. Contribution of carbohydrate intake to total energy intake varied from 40%-63%. Fat intake tended to meet the criteria for a prudent diet (less than 35%). Snacks contributed about 35% to the total energy intake and the bread/cereals and dairy food groups were the most important energy sources. It is concluded that in general there are two major concerns. In those sports in which body composition plays an important role, energy and thus nutrient intake is often marginal. In all groups of athletes intake of carbohydrate is insufficient.
Discriminative Training Based Quadratic Classifier for Handwritten Character Recognition

In offline handwritten character recognition, the classifier with modified quadratic discriminant function (MQDF) has achieved good performance. The parameters of MQDF classifier are commonly estimated by the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator, which maximizes the within-class likelihood instead of directly minimizing the classification errors. To improve the performance of MQDF classifier, in this paper, the MQDF parameters are revised by discriminative training using a minimum classification error (MCE) criterion. The proposed algorithm is applied to recognizing handwritten numerals and handwritten Chinese characters, the recognition rates obtained are among the highest that have ever been reported.