Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Trading Volume And Stock Exchange Performance: A Case From Karachi Stock Exchange

Over the past fifty years, much work has been done trying to understand the relationship between volume and price changes of individual stocks. In this article, we attempt to introduce and discuss some of these articles and take inference for relationship of traded volume and aggregate stock exchange index performance. This article presents an empirical analysis of the relationship between trading volume and performance of stock exchange index on a given day in the Pakistani market. Just like individual stocks, the relationship between changes in KSE 100 index and trading volume, irrespective of the direction of the index change, is significantly positive across all three alternative measures of daily trading volume (the daily number of shares traded; the daily total monetary value of shares traded; the daily number of equity trades).
Thematic similarity and clinical outcome in obsessive–compulsive disorder group treatment

Despite the existence of efficacious cognitive–behavioral group treatments for obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), no data has been presented regarding the potential impact of symptom or thematic similarity among group members. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of thematic similarity among group members on outcome after cognitive–behavioral (CBT) or exposure/response prevention (ERP) treatment for OCD. Results consistently demonstrated across a range of measures no impact of thematic similarity, nor any interaction of similarity by treatment type (ERP versus CBT), on treatment outcome. These data suggest that OCD treatment groups can be formed based on consecutive client intake without negatively impacting efficacy. Depression and Anxiety 00:000–000, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Point-Counterpoint: Large Multiplex PCR Panels Should Be First-Line Tests for Detection of Respiratory and Intestinal Pathogens

ABSTRACT The first FDA-approved multiplex PCR panel for a large number of respiratory pathogens was introduced in 2008. Since then, other PCR panels for detection of several respiratory and gastrointestinal pathogens have been approved by the FDA and are commercially available, and more such panels are likely to become available. These assays detect 12 to 20 pathogens, and some include pathogens that typically cause different manifestations of infection, although they infect the same organ system. Some of these tests are labor-intensive, while others require little labor, and all of them are expensive, both for the laboratory and for the patient or insurer. They include a bundle of tests with limited or no options for selecting which tests will be performed. Laboratories and hospitals have adopted different strategies for offering these assays. Some have implemented strategies to limit the use of the tests, such as limiting the frequency with which patients can be tested, restricting testing to specific groups of patients (e.g., immunocompromised patients), or providing education to encourage the use of less expensive tests before using large multiplex panels. Others have offered these assays without limiting their use, either relying on the ordering provider to exercise good judgment or because such assays are thought to be appropriate for first-line diagnostic testing. In this Point-Counterpoint, Paul Schreckenberger of Loyola University Medical Center explains why his laboratory offers these assays without restriction. Alex McAdam of Boston's Children Hospital explains the concerns about the use of these assays as first-line tests and why some limitations on their use might be appropriate.
Marketing to children and young people in Norway

Looks at the legal position surrounding advertising to the young in Norway; this is regulated by the 1972 Marketing Control Act (MCA), but this has no total prohibition against direct advertising to children. Outlines the MCA’s concepts of “good marketing practice” and “unfair in relation to consumers” as these affect protection of children, and the work of the Consumer Ombudsman (CO) in monitoring whether marketing and business contract terms comply with the MCA. Moves on to the CO’s requirements on cinema advertising, and then to the 1992 Broadcasting Act’s prohibition of advertising which targets children. Concludes with the Internet: the CO works on the assumption that the MCA applies to all marketing, and there are detailed guidelines on websites, which have to consider the development stage of the target group and not take advantage of their credulity and lack of experience.
Insider Trading Disclosure, Information Asymmetry, and Differential Earnings Relevance as Indicated By Trading Volume

We use buy and sell signals derived from insider trading disclosures to identify experimental-group cases in which decreases in earnings-related predisclosure information asymmetry have arisen through the use of the disclosures. For each experimental firm, each earnings-announcement date is preceded, within 90 days, by at least 2 specific buy or 2 specific sell signals, while none of these signals occurs within 90 days of any control group earnings-announcement date. Our null hypothesis is that mean differences in experimental and control group earnings-announcement-period trading volumes are greater than or equal to similar mean differences occurring over contiguous non-announcement periods. Rejection of our null, for various periods, implies less earnings relevance for our experimental group vis-a-vis our control group as a consequence of decreases in earnings-related predisclosure information asymmetry for the latter. This result is consistent with the view that changes in firms' information environments are the most pervasive factor explaining secular changes in earnings relevance.
The hidden harm of home-based care: Pulmonary tuberculosis symptoms among children providing home medical care to HIV/AIDS-affected adults in South Africa

Millions of children in sub-Saharan Africa undertake personal and medical care for family members who are unwell with AIDS. To date, no research has investigated whether such care provision places children at heightened risk for pulmonary tuberculosis. This study aimed to address this gap by identifying risk factors for paediatric pulmonary tuberculosis symptomatology. In 2009–2011, 6002 children aged 10–17 years were surveyed using door-to-door household sampling of census enumeration areas. These were randomly sampled from six urban and rural sites with over 30% HIV prevalence, within South Africa's three highest tuberculosis-burden provinces. Validated scales and clinical tuberculosis symptom checklists were modelled in multivariate logistic regressions, controlling for socio-demographic co-factors. Findings showed that, among children, severe pulmonary tuberculosis symptomatology was predicted by primary caregiver HIV/AIDS-illness [odds ratio (OR): 1.63, confidence interval (CI): 1.23–2.15, p<0.001], and AIDS-orphanhood (OR: 1.44, CI: 1.04–2.00, p<0.029). Three-fold increases in severe tuberculosis symptoms were predicted by the child's exposure to body fluids through providing personal or medical care to an ill adult (OR: 3.12, CI: 1.96–4.95, p<0.001). Symptoms were also predicted by socio-economic factors of food insecurity (OR: 1.52, CI: 1.15–2.02, p<0.003) and household overcrowding (OR: 1.35, CI: 1.06–1.72, p<0.017). Percentage probability of severe tuberculosis symptoms rose from 1.4% amongst least-exposed children, to 18.1% amongst those exposed to all above-stated risk factors, independent of biological relationship of primary caregiver-child and other socio-demographics. Amongst symptomatic children, 75% had never been tested for tuberculosis. These findings identify the risk of tuberculosis among children providing home medical care to their unwell caregivers, and suggest that there are gaps in the health system to screen and detect these cases of paediatric tuberculosis. There is a need for effective interventions to reduce childhood risk, as well as further support for community-based contact-tracing, tuberculosis screening and anti-tuberculosis treatment for children caring for ill adults in contexts with a high burden of HIV and tuberculosis.
Logistics and Safety

This paper illustrates the developing process of logistics and safety,and further it analyzes the close relation between the two elements.Logistics has long been praised as "the third profit" for enterprises, and safety,on the other hand,helps enterprises to realize "the fourth profit". A good logistics systems engineering should be a safe one,and this is to come up with some strategies to push forward the harmonious development for logistics and safety.
Target tracking in WSN using Time Delay neural network

Energy efficient tracking is a challenging application of resource contained wireless sensor network. Prediction based schemes play a vital role in energy saving by reducing an avoidable communication. Efficient tracking can be achieved only if state transition matrix used in filter closely resembles the target movement. Kalman filter has been widely used as prediction algorithm but fails in case of maneuvering target because of state transition matrix mismatch. To make tracking algorithm model free, Time delay neural network based prediction algorithm is proposed in this paper. Performance of Time Delay neural network (TDNN) is compared with Kalman filter and Interacting multiple model filter in terms of mean square error. Results shows that TDNN outperforms both the filters.
Aging of cellulose at transformer service temperatures. Part 1: Influence of type of oil and air on the degree of polymerization of pressboard, dissolved gases, and furanic compounds in oil

A power transformer is expected to operate up to 40 years. With current cost-benefit calculations, the user is forced to perform maintenance that will bring a further extension of transformer life. The maintenance can only be based on on-site and off-site monitoring with extended analytical and electrical tests, which can define the service condition of the transformer and predict its further life expectancy. The life of a transformer is mainly dependent on the life of its solid insulation, and the life-limit is determined by the thermal degradation of the winding paper. The Kraft paper decreases in tensile strength with the progress of aging and, at some point, can no longer withstand the short circuit stresses. The monitoring of the complex permittivity of transformer oils, as a function of frequency and temperature, may provide information concerning the state of the insulation. In this article, we show the influence of air and oil type on the aging of pressboard under the influence of a considerable amount of moisture. The rate of the degree of polymerization, the development of furanic compounds, as well as the gas-in-oil analysis in comparison with the aging of the pure oil under the same conditions have been investigated.
Mechanism of potassium efflux and action potential shortening during ischaemia in isolated mammalian cardiac muscle.

1. Ischaemia was simulated in the isolated sheep cardiac Purkinje fibre and guinea‐pig papillary muscle by immersing the preparations in paraffin oil. Ion‐selective microelectrodes recorded potassium (Ks+) and pH (pHs) in the thin film of Tyrode solution trapped at the fibre surface while other microelectrodes recorded intracellular pH (pHi), membrane potential and action potentials (AP) (evoked by field stimulation), or membrane current (two‐microelectrode voltage clamp in shortened Purkinje fibres). Twitch tension was also monitored. The paraffin oil model reproduced the salient characteristics of myocardial ischaemia, i.e. a decrease of twitch tension; a decrease of pHi and pHs; a rise in Ks+ (by 2‐3 mM); a depolarization of diastolic membrane potential; considerable shortening of the AP (up to 30% within 4 min). 2. The sulphonylurea compounds, glibenclamide (200 microM) and tolbutamide (1 mM), known inhibitors of the KATP channel, completely blocked the ischaemic rise of Ks+ and prevented AP shortening. Ischaemic tension decline was notably less pronounced in the presence of sulphonylureas. 3. The ischaemic increase of slope conductance (Purkinje fibre) was prevented by 1 mM‐tolbutamide and 200 microM‐glibenclamide. 4. Sulphonylureas did not affect resting membrane potential, the AP or the current‐voltage relationship under non‐ischaemic conditions (this also indicates that ischaemic Ks+ accumulation is not fuelled by the background K+ current [iK1] which was shown, as expected, to be Ba2+ sensitive). 5. In a normally perfused preparation, reducing intracellular ATP by inhibiting glycolysis with 2‐deoxyglucose (DOG) produced a similar AP shortening plus a membrane hyperpolarization, both of which were inhibited by tolbutamide or glibenclamide. The AP shortening was not related uniquely to the fall of pHi observed under these conditions since experimentally reducing pHi (by reducing pHo in the absence of DOG) lengthened rather than shortened the AP. 6. The possibility that the ischaemic rise in Ks+ might be the cause of AP shortening was excluded by the observation that, in a normally perfused Purkinje fibre, experimentally reducing pHi (by an amount similar to that seen during ischaemia) completely neutralized the AP‐shortening effect of an elevated Ko+ (from 4.5 to 6.5 mM). Furthermore, the sulphonylurea‐sensitive AP shortening seen during DOG treatment could not have been associated with a Ks+ rise since, in these particular experiments, the fibres were well perfused and diastolic membrane potential hyperpolarized. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Capabilities of a mobile extracorporeal membrane oxygenation service for severe respiratory failure delivered by intensive care specialists

We conducted a single‐centre observational study of retrievals for severe respiratory failure over 12 months. Our intensivist‐delivered retrieval service has mobile extracorporeal membrane oxygenation capabilities. Sixty patients were analysed: 34 (57%) were female and the mean (SD) age was 44.1 (13.6) years. The mean (SD) PaO2/FIO2 ratio at referral was 10.2 (4.1) kPa and median (IQR [range]) Murray score was 3.25 (3.0–3.5 [1.5–4.0]). Forty‐eight patients (80%) required veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation at the referring centre. There were no cannulation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation‐related complications. The median (IQR [range]) retrieval distance was 47.2 (14.9–77.0 [2.3–342.0]) miles. There were no major adverse events during retrieval. Thirty‐seven patients (77%) who received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation survived to discharge from the intensive care unit and 36 patients (75%) were alive after six months. Senior intensivist‐initiated and delivered mobile extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is safe and associated with a high incidence of survival.
Marketing for Higher Education: A Relationship Marketing Approach

ABSTRACT Retaining students is becoming increasingly important for institutions offering higher education. Thus, ideas from relationship marketing (RM) should be of great interest to university and college officials entrusted with student enrollment and retention. The RM approach means that great importance is attached to the creation of student value. The value proposition to students should match their needs. The creation of value should be regarded as an ongoing process over the lifetime of the relationship. Student surveys should be carried out and analyzed thoroughly in order to identify key success factors for student value and student loyalty. This study is based on a research model in which loyalty is the ultimate variable. Path coefficients of direct and indirect drivers of loyalty are estimated by way of a structural equation modeling approach, and implications for decision makers and further research are discussed.
Sources of Principals' Leadership Practices and Areas Training Should Emphasize: Case Finland.

Quality educational leadership preparation has posi tive influences on practices of graduates. In the Finnish decentralized education s ystem, little is yet known about the sources of principals’ practices. This research exp lores the sources of principals’ selfassessed leadership practices in Central Finland an d identifies areas for more emphasis. Respondents were selected by purposive sampling. This multiple case study employed eight semi-structured individual interviews as mean s of data collection. Inductive content analysis was performed. From the findings, besides personal experiences, knowledge from course, and field work, leadership and network ing are also major sources of principals' practices. Training positively enhances the practices of principals as they engage in more collaboration and trust. Notwithstan ding, professional development is essential for principals to stay relevant to the co ntemporary world of today and to be confident to face future challenges. Methods of cou rse delivery, management of human and financial resources, as well as creating and su staining local and international
Über die Effekte von Corporate Social Responsibility auf unternehmerische Zielgrößen

Ausgehend von der aktuellen Diskussion um die gesellschaftliche Verantwortung von Unternehmen beschäftigt sich der vorliegende Beitrag mit den Effekten von Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) auf unternehmerische Zielgrößen. Dafür wird dargestellt, welche Effekte auf stakeholderbezogene Konstrukte oder finanzielle Kenngrößen bislang in der Literatur nachgewiesen werden konnten. Die oftmals widersprüchlichen Ergebnisse offenbaren weiteren Forschungsbedarf in diesem wichtigen Themengebiet.
Mast cell interactions with the nervous system: relationship to mechanisms of disease.

In summary, mast cell interactions in the nervous system are relevant to both physiological processes (i.e. reproduction) and pathologic states (i.e. inflammatory demyelination, painful disorders, toxic and metabolic disease, and tumor angiogenesis). Their physiologic roles may contribute to gender-related vulnerability to inflammatory disease and may modulate sensitivity to pain. Mast cells are universally involved in tissue repair and they release and respond to trophic factors such as NGF. These cells also produce and react to cytokines, and thus appear to play a role in tissue degeneration as well as repair. In certain neurological diseases, i.e. multiple sclerosis and Guillain-Barré syndrome, the ability of mast cell proteases to degrade specific myelin proteins suggests that these cells are agents, rather than bystanders, in the demyelinative process. Even more intriguing is their recently identified capacity to process bacterial antigen as efficiently as activated macrophages, suggesting that a more critical role than previously suspected might be considered for mast cells in CNS and PNS demyelination. In experimental metabolic disorders such as galactose intoxication and thiamine deficiency, mast cells appear to play a pathogenic role. Thus, in galactose intoxication, altered BNB vascular permeability occurs in conjunction with mast cell proliferation and degranulation, while in thiamine deficiency, increased histamine levels have been reported in the rat thalamus (79) and are associated with cell death and proliferation as well as mast cell degranulation (Powell and Langlais, unpublished observations). Structural interactions between mast cells and a variety of other cells have been observed, as well as close approximation of mast cells to nerve endings in tissues in which mast cells are especially active. Due to their paracrine nature, mast cells can modulate events in their microenvironment through explosive degranulation, piecemeal degranulation, or "transgranulation" as they insert granules into neighboring cells. Lastly, these cells play specific roles in reparative processes, e.g. angiogenesis, and are active in neoplastic states, including von Recklinghausen's disease (neurofibromatosis). Their involvement may have been underestimated in neuropathological studies, to date, by a reliance on staining techniques that are inadequate for identifying degranulated and therefore activated mast cells (4). More exacting histochemical and immunostaining procedures will help to fully realize the extent of their participation in physiological and pathological processes.
nag Genes ofRalstonia (Formerly Pseudomonas) sp. Strain U2 Encoding Enzymes for Gentisate Catabolism

ABSTRACT Ralstonia sp. strain U2 metabolizes naphthalene via gentisate to central metabolites. We have cloned and sequenced a 21.6-kb region spanning the nag genes. Upstream of the pathway genes are nagY, homologous to chemotaxis proteins, and nagR, a regulatory gene of the LysR family. Divergently transcribed from nagR are the genes for conversion of naphthalene to gentisate (nagAaGHAbAcAdBFCQED) (S. L. Fuenmayor, M. Wild, A. L. Boyes, and P. A. Williams, J. Bacteriol. 180:2522–2530, 1998), which except for the insertion ofnagGH, encoding the salicylate 5-hydroxylase, are homologous to and in the same order as the genes in the classical upper pathway operon described for conversion of naphthalene to salicylate found in the NAH7 plasmid of Pseudomonas putida PpG7. Downstream of nahD is a cluster of genes (nagJIKLMN) which are probably cotranscribed with nagAaGHAbAcAdBFCQED as a single large operon. By cloning into expression vectors and by biochemical assays, three of these genes (nagIKL) have been shown to encode the enzymes involved in the further catabolism of gentisate to fumarate and pyruvate. NagI is a gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase which converts gentisate to maleylpyruvate and is also able to catalyze the oxidation of some substituted gentisates. NagL is a reduced glutathione-dependent maleylpyruvate isomerase catalyzing the isomerization of maleylpyruvate to fumarylpyruvate. NagK is a fumarylpyruvate hydrolase which hydrolyzes fumarylpyruvate to fumarate and pyruvate. The three other genes (nagJMN) have also been cloned and overexpressed, but no biochemical activities have been attributed to them. NagJ is homologous to a glutathione S-transferase, and NagM and NagN are proteins homologous to each other and to other proteins of unknown function. Downstream of the operon is a partial sequence with homology to a transposase.