Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Water Yield Responses to Gradual Changes in Forest Structure and Species Composition in a Subboreal Watershed in Northeastern China

Relationships between forest cover and streamflow have been studied worldwide, but only a few studies have examined how gradual changes in forest structure and species composition due to logging and climate change affect watershed water yield (Q) and flow regimes. In this study, we analyzed long-term (45 years) hydrologic, climate and forest dynamics data from the subboreal Tahe watershed in northeastern China. Our purpose was to evaluate the effects of forest logging and regeneration on changes in forest biomass and species and to quantify the subsequent impact on mean annual streamflow and flow regime under a changing climate. The study watershed was dominated by old-growth larch (Larix gmelinii Rupr.) during the 1970s, but gradually transformed into young deciduous larch mixed with deciduous broad-leaved birch (Betula platyphylla Sukaczev) during the 2010s. During the same period, the watershed experienced climate change with a significant increase in air temperature of 0.028 ℃/year. We applied eight sensitivity-based techniques to separate the effects of climate change on water yield from those due to forest changes. We used flow duration curves (FDCs) to characterize flow regimes by dividing the study into four key periods based on the proportional change of larch and birch trees. We found that the mean annual streamflow decreased by 10 mm (−16 mm attributed to forest change and +6 mm to climate change) between the 1984–1994 period and the 2006–2016 period when the proportion of birch increased by 20% with a similar total forest volume in the later period. The mean annual streamflow increased from 216 mm to 270 mm (+35.5 mm due to forest change vs +17.7 mm due to climate change) when forest volume decreased by 18.7% (17 m3/ha) between the 1970s and 1984–1994. Water yield changed only slightly (3.5 mm) when forest volume increased by 8.7% (6 m3/ha) from 2000 to 2011. In addition, the magnitude of high flow and low flow increased following deforestation and a shift in species composition from a period (1984–1994) with 70% larch with 30% birch to a later period (2006–2016) with 50% larch with 50% birch. Both high flow and low flow decreased coinciding with a reforestation period (2006–2016). Our results highlight complex interactions among climate, forest structure, total biomass, and plant diversity (trees species composition) in influencing watershed hydrology. Further study is needed to examine the effects of ecohydrological processes such as evapotranspiration in larch and birch forests on hydrologic changes across multiple scales.
Clinicopathological analysis of 847 odontogenic cysts in North Indian population examined over 10 years' period: A retrospective study

Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze and report the prevalence, frequency, sex distribution, site distribution, and clinicopathological features of odontogenic cysts in an institutional academic dental hospital by studying the biopsy specimens and clinical records obtained from the archives of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Department of Pathology, AMU, Aligarh, India, during the past 10 years. Materials and Methods: Data on odontogenic jaw cysts treated between 2009 and 2018 were retrieved from clinical files; imaging and histopathology reports and a total of 847 patients were included. In each case, we analyzed age, gender, type and number of cysts, and cyst location. Imaging characteristics and pathologies associated with cystic lesions were also determined. Results: Diagnosis of odontogenic cyst was made in 847 cases and accounted for 10.9% of all lesions biopsied (7748) throughout the period. Mean age of the patient was 28.2 years, and 57.3% were males. The overall male to female ratio was 1.34:1. Radicular cyst was most prevalent histological type (54.54%) followed by dentigerous cyst, odontogenic keratocyst, lateral periodontal cyst, residual cyst, botyroid odontogenic cyst, gingival cyst. The distribution of cysts was nearly equal in the mandible (51.6%) and maxilla (48.4%) with the cysts most commonly located in anterior maxilla and posterior mandible. The most prevalent radiological feature of these lesions was unilocular cyst (88.78%). Associated pathologies with cystic lesions such as displacement and resorption of teeth occurred in 14.7%. Conclusions: This study revealed that prevalence, distribution, and characteristics of odontogenic cysts of oral cavity and jaws in the North Indian population, have some differences as well as similarities with the findings of studies in different populations.
Super-spreader resurgence in COVID-19: Past encounters and future repercussion

To the Editor, Initial epidemiological investigations and contact tracing from India suggested that there was out of proportion of cases of coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) linked to vegetable vendors, dairy booths, and grocery stores in different cities. These incidences resurfaced the role of super‐spreaders. In epidemiology, super‐spreaders are the infected individuals in the susceptible population who disproportionately infect more persons compared to others. Initial consensus based on epidemiological studies was that each person in infected population has equal chance to transmit the disease to others. Basic reproductive number (R0) is the fundamental tool to measure this disease transmission; however, there are lot of inter‐individual disparities in infectiousness observed inside a susceptible population which compelled the epidemiologist to look beyond R0. The advent of 20/80 rule also imitates this hypothesis where 20% of the infected person contributes for nearly 80% of the disease transmission. [1] Probably, the first known super‐spreader in history was “Typhoid Mary,” responsible for infecting at least 122 individuals, 5 of whom died from enteric fever. [2] The other notorious super‐spreader events were documented during MERS‐CoV, SARS CoV, and current COVID‐19 outbreaks. “Patient 31” from South Korea, who participated in a religious gathering, contributed to the exponential rise in number of cases. [3]
Effect of frequent bleaching modalities on color stability of enamel

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate effect of frequent bleaching regimens on the color stability of enamel. Materials and methods Thirty sound bovine incisor teeth were used representing three main groups. Group 1 (control group) was not subjected to any bleaching procedure. Group 2 was bleached with 15% carbamide peroxide (CP) gel; Opalescence PF. Group 3 was bleached with chemical-activated hydrogen peroxide bleaching gel (Opalescence Boost PF 40%). All groups were subdivided into two subgroups A and B according to the storage solution either artificial saliva or staining cycle containing three staining solutions. This was performed for 30 days, with an immersion time 6 h/day resembling a period of 24-month clinical use. All the procedures were performed twice with 2 months interval where the teeth were stored in daily renewable artificial saliva at room temperature (23 ± 1°C). Spectrophotometer was used to measure the color change of the specimens. One-way analysis of variance test and pairwise test were used, at a 95% level of significance. Results A statistical significant rebound was recorded after first bleaching regimen (P = 0.009 and 0.032) and after second bleaching regimen (P = 0.016 and 0.013) for groups 2 and 3, respectively. A statistical significant difference was recorded between the (ΔE) after staining for first vs second time in the tested groups (1, 2, and 3) (P = 0.000, 0.047, and 0.002), respectively. Regarding specimen preserved in saliva, no statistical significant difference between the tested groups (P = 0.074, 0.793, and 0.756), respectively. Conclusion The hypothesis of this study was rejected as the color was proved to be unstable after frequent bleaching regimens. There was an increase in color change due to exposure to staining cycles and/or artificial saliva.
Evaluating the effect of nurse-led telephone follow-ups (tele-nursing) on the anxiety levels in people with coronavirus

Background: Nowadays, the prevalence of coronary heart disease has challenged the lives of families around the world. Anxiety is one of the most important consequences of coronavirus. The nurse-led telephone follow-ups (tele-nursing) are a way to train nurses to further improve nursing services and increase the patients' well-being. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nurse-led telephone follow-ups (tele-nursing) on the level of anxiety of people with coronavirus who spend their quarantine and treatment at home. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, the number of sample was 100 newly diagnosed patients with Corona, who were tested positive using the CT scan of the lungs and were selected by continuous sampling. In this study, Spielberger's state-trait anxiety inventory was used to collect data before and after the intervention. Samples were randomly divided into control and intervention groups (50 subjects in each group) after receiving initial training in the form of lectures on the corona disease, and the tele-nursing program was implemented on the intervention group every other day for 21 consecutive days. Finally, after the end of the 21st day and the completion of the tele-nursing intervention, the questionnaire was again completed by the control and intervention groups and the results of both groups were compared. Results: The results indicated that the level of anxiety in the two groups after the training program and tele-nursing were significantly different (p < 0.001) and the mean score of the anxiety level after the training program and tele-nursing was significantly reduced (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that tele-nursing has had a significant effect on reducing the anxiety level of people with Cavid-19 virus. As the telephone technology is available in most clients' homes and its use is easy and accessible, it is recommend including this technology in the field of nursing care and training especially in relation to people with coronavirus.
Effect of lifestyle and dietary factors in the development of brain tumors

Introduction: A brain tumor occurs when neurons are mutated and thus abnormal cells are formed. Glioma and meningioma are the two most common types, comprising approximately 75% of all brain tumors. The incidence rate of all primary brain tumors was 15.80/100,000 person-years in females and 14.33/100,000 person-years in males. An association of higher risk of brain tumors in adults with cured meat and fruit/vegetable consumption, the primary source of dietary N-nitroso compounds, is seen. Cigarette smoking is a major source of chemical carcinogens. The present study aimed at determining the effects of lifestyle and dietary habits in the development of brain tumor. Methods: The study aimed at the assessment of various dietary factors, lifestyle, and occupational and personal habits in patients diagnosed with brain tumor in a rural tertiary health-care hospital, using a structured questionnaire and statistical analysis. Results: It was observed that – (1) people with stressful, sedentary lifestyle and wrong diet and those addicted to alcohol consumption and the habit of cigarette smoking have higher risk of brain tumors; (2) males are more prone to brain tumors; and (3) among subtypes, majority had glioblastoma and the least had meningioma and opdivoglioblastoma and according to location, majority had cerebellopontine angle tumor and the least had left thalamic glioma and multicentric glioma. Primary care to preoperative brain tumor patients should be given in terms of preventing exposure to radiations, avoiding cigarette smoking, providing healthy diet, and avoiding chronic stress and environmental pollution and postoperative patients should be taken care including avoiding infections by maintaining proper hygiene and providing healthy diet for their speedy recovery. Conclusion: People with stressful life condition, wrong diet, and sedentary lifestyle and those addicted to alcohol, with the habit of cigarette smoking, have higher risk of brain tumors. Males are more prone to brain tumors.
Combining ability and heterosis analysis for drought tolerant traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Rice is the most important staple food for more than half of the worldâ€™s population and also for most of the countries. A Line x Tester analysis was undertaken to study the nature of gene action for yield and drought tolerant traits. The ratio of SCA and GCA was less than unity for all the characters which revealed that the preponderance of non- additive gene action governing the traits concerned. The lines viz., ADT 43, ADT (R) 49, CO (R) 50 and the testers viz., PMK (R) 3, Chandikar and Anna (R) 4 were adjudged as the best general combiners for drought tolerant traits. The cross combinations viz., ADT 39 x Vellaichitraikar had exhibited significant values for dry root weight (9.66), root/shoot ratio (0.31), root length (3.82), number of roots per plant (37.08), root thickness (0.11), root volume (4.27) and root length density (0.03) ADT (R) 49 x Chandikar for 70 percent relative water content (8.85), dry root weight (18.03), dry shoot weight (40.55), root length (3.10), number of roots per plant (140.16) root thickness (0.38) and root volume (23.14) were found to be specific combiners for most of the drought tolerant traits. The cross combinations, viz., ADT 43 x Anna (R) 4, ADT (R) 49 x Chandikar and ADT 43 x PMK (R) 3 had highly significant standard heterosis. Breeding for drought tolerance in rice would be of immense value to the farmers economic health, family well-being and harmony in the society.
Trastuzumab Emtansine for Residual Invasive Human Epidermal Growth Receptor-2-Positive Breast Cancer

© 2020 Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology | Published by Wolters Kluwer Medknow Substantial progress has been made in the management of human epidermal growth receptor‐2 (HER2)‐positive nonmetastatic breast cancer over the past two decades. Initial studies on pathological complete response (pCR) as a surrogate marker for survival gave a better understanding of biology of the disease. [1] To understand the impact of intensification of the treatment in patients who do not achieve pCR, KATHERINE study[2] was undertaken.
DeepApp

Smartphone mobile application (App) usage prediction, i.e., which Apps will be used next, is beneficial for user experience improvement. Through an in-depth analysis on a real-world dataset, we find that App usage is highly spatio-temporally correlated and personalized. Given the ability to model complex spatio-temporal contexts, we aim to apply deep learning to achieve high prediction accuracy. However, the personalization yields a problem: training one network for each individual suffers from data scarcity, yet training one deep neural network for all users often fails to uncover user preference. In this article, we propose a novel App usage prediction framework, named DeepApp, to achieve context-aware prediction via multi-task learning. To tackle the challenge of data scarcity, we train one general network for multiple users to share common patterns. To better utilize the spatio-temporal contexts, we supplement a location prediction task in the multi-task learning framework to learn spatio-temporal relations. As for the personalization, we add a user identification task to capture user preference. We evaluate DeepApp on the large-scale dataset by extensive experiments. Results demonstrate that DeepApp outperforms the start-of-the-art baseline by 6.44%.
Effect of marathon and ultra‐marathon on inflammation and iron homeostasis

The physiological response to high‐level endurance exercise, such as running a marathon, poses several beneficial but also potentially harmful metabolic changes. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of marathon (M) and ultra‐marathon (UM) on inflammation and iron homeostasis in paired samples. Fifteen well‐trained, non‐professional endurance athletes (14 males, 1 female) performed both a 130 km ultra‐marathon and a traditional 42.195 km marathon. We determined markers of inflammation and iron homeostasis before, immediately after, and within 5 days after finishing each run, respectively. Biomarkers of inflammation (leucocytes, neutrophil granulocytes, monocytes, and c‐reactive protein [CRP]) increased significantly after both marathon and ultra‐marathon with higher levels of CRP after ultra‐marathon compared with marathon both immediately after the race (18.15 ± 12.41 vs 5.58 ± 9.65 mg/L, P < .001) and at follow‐up (15.67 ± 16.97 vs 7.19 ± 7.75 mg/L, P = .045) Concentrations of ferritin also increased significantly after both races and remained high at follow‐up. Higher levels of ferritin immediately after the race (111.5 ± 103.2 vs 84.8 ± 86.3, P = .001) and at follow‐up (102.7 ± 79.5 vs 74.6 ± 65.6, P = .001) were found in ultra‐marathon finishers. The observed increase of serum iron and transferrin saturation (TSAT) after marathon and the decrease of serum iron and TSAT after ultra‐marathon resulted in a significant absolute difference between the two races. The present data suggest a higher degree of inflammation after ultra‐marathon compared with marathon. Markers of iron homeostasis also showed different response patterns with regard to running distance.
Tardive Syndrome Associated With Tetrabenazine in Huntington Disease: A Case Report.

To the Editors: T ardive syndrome (TS) is an umbrella term for different types of persistent involuntary movements associated with typically by iatrogenic exposure to dopamine receptor–blocking agents (DRBAs), such as antipsychotics (typical and atypical neuroleptics). Antipsychotics are a valid therapeutic strategy in the management of chorea and psychiatric manifestations associated with Huntington disease (HD); however, few studies reported on tardive movement disorders associated with such drugs in HD. Interestingly, TS could develop in association with the chronic use of tetrabenazine (TBZ), an inhibitor of the vesicular monoamine 2 transporter (VMAT-2), which is the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA)– approved medication for the treatment of chorea associated with HD as well as the off-label drug frequently used to treat TS. Only recently, the FDA approved 2 VMAT-2 inhibitors, valbenazine and deutetrabenazine, for the treatment of TS.
Targeted and Combined TPCA-1-Gold Nanocage Therapy for In Vivo Treatment of Inflammatory Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that is currently incurable. Inhibition of inflammation can prevent the deterioration of RA. 2-[(Aminocarbonyl)amino]-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-thiophenecarboxamide (TPCA-1) suppresses inflammation via the inhibition of nuclear factor-κ (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Gold-based therapies have been used to treat inflammatory arthritis since the 1940s. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a targeting ligand for CD44 receptors overexpressed on activated macrophages. Therefore, a combined therapy based on TPCA-1, gold, and HA was explored for the treatment of RA in this study. We used gold nanocages (AuNCs) to load TPCA-1 and modified the TPCA-1 (T) loaded AuNCs with HA and peptides (P) to construct an anti-inflammatory nanoparticle (HA-AuNCs/T/P). An adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) mice model was used to investigate the in vivo anti-inflammatory efficacy of HA-AuNCs/T/P. In vivo distribution results showed that HA-AuNCs/T/P had increased and prolonged accumulation at the inflamed paws of AIA mice. Treatment by the HA-AuNCs/T/P suppressed joint swelling and alleviated cartilage and bone damage. By loading to HA-AuNCs/T/P, the effective concentration of TPCA-1 was greatly reduced from 20 to 0.016 mg/kg mice. This study demonstrated that HA-AuNCs/T/P could effectively suppress inflammation and alleviate the symptoms of AIA mice, suggesting a great potential of HA-AuNCs/T/P for the treatment of RA.
Thyroid Dysfunction in Relation to Immune Profile, Disease Status and Outcome in 191 Patients with COVID-19

Abstract Objective SARS-CoV-2-related thyroiditis is increasingly recognized. The role of thyroid autoimmunity and SARS-CoV-2 viral load in SARS-CoV-2-related thyroid dysfunction is unclear. We evaluated the thyroid function of a cohort of COVID-19 patients, in relation to their clinical features, biochemical, immunological and inflammatory markers. Methods Consecutive adult patients, without known thyroid disorders, admitted to Queen Mary Hospital for COVID-19 from 21 July to 21 August, 2020 were included. Serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine (fT3) and anti-thyroid antibodies were measured on admission. Results Among 191 patients with COVID-19 (mean age 53.5 ± 17.2 years; 51.8% male), 84.3% were mild, 12.6% were moderate, and 3.1% were severe. 13.1% had abnormal thyroid function. Ten patients had isolated low TSH, suggestive of subclinical thyrotoxicosis due to thyroiditis, although the contribution of autoimmunity was likely in two of them. Autoimmune thyroiditis probably also contributed to subclinical hypothyroidism in another patient. Ten patients had isolated low fT3, likely representing non-thyroidal illness syndrome. Lower SARS-Cov-2 PCR cycle threshold values and elevated C-reactive protein were independently associated with occurrence of low TSH (p=0.030) and low fT3 (p=0.007) respectively. A decreasing trend of fT3 with increasing COVID-19 severity (p=0.032) was found. Patients with low fT3 had more adverse COVID-19-related outcomes. Conclusion Around 15% of patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 had thyroid dysfunction. There may be a direct effect of SARS-CoV-2 on thyroid function, potentially leading to exacerbation of pre-existing autoimmune thyroid disease. Low fT3, associated with systemic inflammation, may have a prognostic significance.
Clinical features that affect the number of pelvic lymph nodes harvested in patients with cervical cancer stage IB1 to IIA2

Objective To investigate clinical features that affect the number of pelvic lymph nodes (PLNs) harvested and prognostic significance of the number of PLNs removed in patients with stage IB1 to IIA2 cervical cancer. Methods Data from patients with cervical cancer whom underwent hysterectomy with PLN dissection between June 2004 and July 2015 were reviewed retrospectively. Data on clinicopathologic factors including age, height, and weight were collected. Data on the presence of PLN metastasis on imaging studies prior to surgery, number of PLNs harvested, and presence of metastasis in the harvested PLNs were retrieved from medical records. Clinical features associated with the number of PLNs harvested were analyzed. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) according to the number of PLNs harvested were analyzed. Results During the study period, 210 patients were included. The height and weight of patients and preoperative positive positron emission tomography findings were significantly associated with a higher number of PLNs harvested. As a pathologic factor, larger tumor size was associated with a higher number of PLNs harvested. Furthermore, a higher number of PLNs harvested was associated with a higher number of metastatic PLNs and patients undergoing postoperative concurrent chemoradiation therapy. Patient height and tumor size were independent factors affecting the number of PLNs harvested in multivariate analysis. However, the number of PLNs harvested was not associated with DFS or OS. Conclusion The number of PLNs harvested during surgery was associated with patient height; however, this was not related to the prognosis of the disease.