Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coupling Degree between the Demand and Supply of Bus Services at Stops: A Density-Based Approach

The bus stop layout and route deployment may influence the efficiency of bus services. Evaluating the supply of bus service requires the consideration of demand from various urban activities, such as residential and job-related activities. Although various evaluation methods have been explored from different perspectives, it remains a challenging issue. This study proposes a spatial statistical approach by comparing the density of the potential demand and supply of bus services at bus stops. The potential demand takes jobs-housing locations into account, and the supply of bus services considers bus stops and their associated total number of daily bus arrivals. The kernel density estimation (KDE) and spatial autocorrelation analyses are employed to investigate the coupling relationship between the demand and supply densities at global and local scales. A coupling degree index (CDI) is constructed to standardize the measurement of demand-supply balance. A case study in Wuhan, China demonstrated that: (1) the spatial distribution of bus stops is reasonable at global level, (2) Seriously unbalanced locations for bus services have been detected at several stops. Related adjustments that can improve these defects are highly recommended.
A Zonal Displacement Approach via Grid Point Weighting in Building Generalization

When generalizing a group of objects, displacement is an essential operation to resolve the conflicts arising between them due to enlargement of their symbol sizes and reduction of available map space. Although there are many displacement methods, most of them are rather complicated. Therefore, more practical methods are still needed. In this article, a new building displacement approach is proposed. For this purpose, buildings are grouped and zones are created for them in the blocks via Voronoi tessellation and buffering. Linear patterns are then detected through buffer analyses and the respective zones are narrowed to be able to preserve these patterns. After all the buildings are displaced inside their zones, grid points are generated and then weighted through kernel density estimation and buffer analyses to find suitable locations. Accordingly, the buildings are displaced toward the computed locations iteratively. The proposed approach directly enforces minimum distance and positional accuracy constraints while several indirect mechanisms are used for preserving spatial patterns and relationships. For the quality evaluation of the displacement, the angle, length and shape comparison measures are introduced, computed based on the (Delaunay) triangles or the azimuth comparison measure of the connection lines, generated for the buildings. The quality evaluation criteria are yielded according to the visual assessment of the displacement quality and the quantitative analysis of the measures. The findings demonstrate that the proposed approach is quite effective and practical for zonal building displacement.
Prediction of phase equilibria and transport properties in carbon-dioxide expanded solvents by molecular simulation

We review our recent work on the calculations of the phase equilibrium and transport properties in carbon-dioxide (CO2) expanded liquids (CXLs) via Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo simulations were performed to determine the volume expansion, the pressure–composition and pressure–density phase diagrams for CO2 expanded acetonitrile, acetone, methanol, ethanol, acetic acid, toluene and 1-octene. MD simulations were conducted to compute the translational diffusion coefficients, rotational correlation times and shear viscosities in CO2 expanded acetonitrile. Potential parameters for the pure component together with standard mixing rules were used to describe the interactions between the mixture components. A good agreement between simulation results and available experimental data is achieved. The simulation results for the volume expansion, the pressure–composition and pressure–density phase diagrams were in some cases superior to the Peng–Robinson (PR) equation of state correlations, showing the ability of molecular simulation to predict CXL properties for their use as solvent media in engineering processes.
Charge transport through perylene bisimide molecular junctions: An electrochemical approach

Single molecular junction conductances of a family of five symmetric and two unsymmetric perylene tetracarboxylic bisimides (PBI) with variable bay‐area substituents were studied employing a scanning tunneling microscope (STM)‐based break junction technique. The stretching experiments provide clear evidence for the formation of single molecular junctions and π–π stacked dimers. Electrolyte gating demonstrates a distinct gating effect in symmetric molecular junctions, which strongly depends on molecular structure and properties of the solvent/electrolyte. Weak π–π‐coupling in the unsymmetric dimers prevents rectification.
What have we learned from intensive atmospheric sampling field programmes of CO2?

The spatial and temporal gradients in atmospheric CO2 contain signatures of carbon fluxes, and as part of inverse studies, these signatures have been combined with atmospheric models to infer carbon sources and sinks. However, such studies have yet to yield finer-scale, regional fluxes over the continent that can be linked to ecosystem processes and ground-based observations. The reasons for this gap are twofold: lack of atmospheric observations over the continent and model deficiencies in interpreting such observations. This paper describes a series of intensive atmospheric sampling field programmes designed as pilot experiments to bridge the observational gap over the continent and to help test and develop models to interpret these observations. We summarize recent results emerging from this work, outlining the role of the intensive atmospheric programmes in collecting CO2 data in both the vertical and horizontal dimensions. These data: (1) quantitatively establish the spatial variability of CO2 and the associated errors from neglecting this variability in models; (2) directly measure regional carbon fluxes from airmass-following experiments and (3) challenge models to reduce and account for uncertainties in atmospheric transport. We conclude with a look towards the future, outlining ways in which intensive atmospheric sampling can contribute towards advancing carbon science.
Infinite dilution activity coefficients for benzene and toluene in water and in aqueous solutions of the protein denaturants urea and guanidine hydrochloride

Abstract Experimental infinite dilution activity coefficientsγ1∞ for benzene and toluene in water and in aqueous solutions of two protein denaturants, urea and guanidine hydrochloride, are reported. The quantities were measured in the temperature range (273 to 323) K. Four denaturant concentrations were used from (0.5 to 5.0)mol · dm − 3, covering the range where proteins undergo chemical denaturation. For both solutes in water, from the freezing temperature of water, γ1∞rises with increasing temperature, passes through a maximum close to room temperature, and then continuously decreases with increasing temperature. Based on the results reported here and selected literature values, recommended correlations ofγ1∞ (T) for benzene and toluene in water were established. They clearly show that from the freezing temperature to the normal boiling temperature of water, the origin of the hydrophobicity of the non-polar solutes changes from being entropic to enthalpic in nature. The presence of a denaturant (modifier) produces a significant decrease of γ1∞values, their maximum being displaced towards lower temperatures. The effect is more pronounced for guanidine hydrochloride, which acts as a better solubilizing agent than urea. The solute in (water + modifier)γ1∞data were analysed by a classical thermodynamic scheme employing solution and transfer {water to (water + modifier)} quantities. The accuracy of the data allowed the derivation of enthalpies, entropies, and heat capacities and a detailed discussion of the several observed trends. A remarkable feature is that there is only a narrow temperature interval where both the enthalpic and entropic contributions to the Gibbs energy are favourable to solute transfer. At lower and higher temperatures, the enthalpic and entropic components compete, solute transfer being favoured by entropy or by enthalpy, respectively. Extrapolation of this behaviour suggests that the effect of the modifier on the solubility of hydrophobic solutes should eventually invert at both lower and higher temperatures. The data presented here might be used to understand better, through the application of different models, the exposure of non-polar amino acid side chains from the protein interior to the aqueous environment, which characterizes protein denaturation.
Theory of double-resonant Raman spectra in graphene: Intensity and line shape of defect-induced and two-phonon bands

We calculate the double resonant (DR) Raman spectrum of graphene, and determine the lines associated to both phonon-defect processes, and two-phonons ones. Phonon and electronic dispersions reproduce calculations based on density functional theory corrected with GW. Electron-light, -phonon, and -defect scattering matrix elements and the electronic linewidth are explicitly calculated. Defect-induced processes are simulated by considering different kind of idealized defects. For an excitation energy of $\epsilon_L=2.4$ eV, the agreement with measurements is very good and calculations reproduce: the relative intensities among phonon-defect or among two-phonon lines; the measured small widths of the D, $D'$, 2D and $2D'$ lines; the line shapes; the presence of small intensity lines in the 1800, 2000 cm$^{-1}$ range. We determine how the spectra depend on the excitation energy, on the light polarization, on the electronic linewidth, on the kind of defects and on their concentration. According to the present findings, the intensity ratio between the $2D'$ and 2D lines can be used to determine experimentally the electronic linewidth. The intensity ratio between the $D$ and $D'$ lines depends on the kind of model defect, suggesting that this ratio could possibly be used to identify the kind of defects present in actual samples. Charged impurities outside the graphene plane provide an almost undetectable contribution to the Raman signal.
A Fixed-point Theorem for Horn Formula Equations

We consider constrained Horn clause solving from the more general point of view of solving formula equations. Constrained Horn clauses correspond to the subclass of Horn formula equations. We state and prove a fixed-point theorem for Horn formula equations which is based on expressing the fixed-point computation of a minimal model of a set of Horn clauses on the object level as a formula in first-order logic with a least fixed point operator. We describe several corollaries of this fixed-point theorem, in particular concerning the logical foundations of program verification, and sketch how to generalise it to incorporate abstract interpretations.
Serum zinc levels in children with recurrent infections and atopic diseases Surowicze stężenia cynku u dzieci z nawracającymi infekcjami i chorobami atopowymi

1 Synevo Laboratory, Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz, Łódź, Poland 2 Department of Paediatrics and Allergy, Korczak Paediatric Centre, Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland (Mikołaj Gwardys: ORCID: 0000-0001-6552-0486) Correspondence: Professor Iwona Stelmach, MD, PhD, Department of Paediatrics and Allergy, Korczak Paediatric Centre, Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Piłsudskiego 71, 90-329 Łódź, Poland, tel. : +48 42 207 47 26, fax: +48 42 677 63 58, e-mail: alergol@kopernik.lodz. pl
Control of a 10/8 SRM based on the torque ripple minimization and speed feedback

This paper presents a novel speed control approach for a 10/8 switched reluctance motor (SRM) based on the torque ripple minimization technique and speed feedback to achieve a better dynamic performance. First, a brief description of the control system and working principle is presented. Then, the general structure of the speed controller is derived for the highly nonlinear SRM system. This proposed control scheme uses a fuzzy logic based PI speed controller and a nonlinear torque controller in order to accomplish indirect torque control. Relevant design considerations of the control system are also presented. MATLAB Simulink based dynamic simulation results show the feasibility of the proposed control scheme.
Heparin functionalisation of porous PLGA scaffolds for controlled, biologically relevant delivery of growth factors for soft tissue engineering

Non-specific protein adsorption has a major confounding influence on the in vitro and in vivo performances of synthetic polymer scaffolds for tissue engineering. For control over cell phenotype to be realised, non-specific protein adsorption needs to be constrained and surfaces modified by immobilisation of specific cell attachment and bioactive molecules. Our aim was to develop biodegradable scaffolds incorporating specific bioactive functionalities, whilst at the same time limiting non-specific protein adsorption by the polymer. The approach we developed was to functionalise PLGA scaffolds with diamino-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (diamino-PEG), followed by the grafting of heparin to the free –NH2group at the PEG chain end using a coupling agent. The covalent grafting of poly(ethylene glycol) chains both suppressed non-specific protein attachment and provided a substrate for grafting of heparin, onto which growth factors could be tethered and presented to cells in a bioactive configuration. This approach offers a widely applicable solution to overcome the serious and confounding problem of serum fouling of scaffold surfaces, whilst also providing a generic route for specific biofunctionalisation.
Principal Visionary Leadership in Public Junior High Schools in Lampung Province, Indonesia

Principal Visionary Leadership in Public Junior High Schools in Lampung Province, Indonesia. Objectives: This study aimed to: identify whether Lampung Public Junior High School (SMPN) principals exhibit all seven domains of visionary leadership style, examine relationships between the domains, and examine significant difference in teachers’ perceptions on principal visionary leadership style according to both teacher gender and certification. Methods: Quantitative research design was used with a questionnaire completed by 341 out of 500 teachers (68%). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and t-test. Findings: The principals exhibited all the seven domains which were positively and significantly correlated, with no significant differences in their perceptions on the principal visionary leadership style according to both teacher gender and certification. Conclusion: Principals need to exhibit all seven domains of visionary leadership style to help them be effective principals.
Research Trend of Acupuncture Therapy on Migraine - Focus on Pubmed Searches from 2012 to 2017

Objective: To compare recent domestic and overseas research trends about acupuncture therapies on migraines. Method: Case reports and randomized controlled trials were searched via Pubmed. Searches were limited to publications between 2012 and 2017. Results: Four case reports and twelve randomized controlled trials were searched from Pubmed. Research showed that acupuncture therapies are more significantly effective than other therapies, such as sham acupunctures and Western medicines. Conclusion: There has been more active overseas research about acupuncture therapies on migraine compared to domestic studies. To examine the efficacy and suitability of acupuncture therapies on Koreans with migraines, domestic studies and research should be conducted more actively.
Superparamagnetic Maps: Self-organising Low-Dimensional Embedding with Superparamagnetic Clustering

Visualisation of high-dimensional data by means of a low-dimensional embedding is an important technique in data analysis. We present a novel approach to this problem based on a heuristic using super-paramagnetic clustering. Our method can deal with nonlinear structures since it is essentially local. Moreover, the nonparametric characteristics and the robustness of the superparamagnetic self-organisation approach allow discrimination between diﬀerent clusters as well as between clusters and background noise. Hence, cluster structures can be boosted in the low-dimensional representation. The advantages provided by these capabilities are illustrated by three applications.
Integrating expression data and genomic sequences to investigate transcriptional regulation in barley in response to abiotic stress

Abiotic stress responses are regulated critically at the transcriptional level. Clarifying the intricate mechanisms that regulate gene expression in response to abiotic stress is crucial and challenging. For this purpose, the factors that regulate gene expression and their binding sites in DNA should be determined. By using bioinformatics tools, the differentially expressed probe sets were studied. A meta-analysis of transcriptomic responses to several abiotic stresses in barley was performed. Motif enrichments revealed that AP2/ERF (APETALA2/Ethylene-Responsive Factor) has the most frequent binding sites. We found that the bHLH transcription factor family has the highest number of transcription factor members. Moreover, network construction revealed that AP2 has the highest number of connections with other genes, which indicates its critical role in abiotic stress responses. The present research further predicted 49 miRNAs belonging to 23 miRNA families. This study identified the probable conserved and enriched motifs, which might have a role in the regulation of differentially expressed genes under abiotic stresses. In addition to shedding light on gene expression regulation, a toolbox of available promoters for genetic engineering of crop plants under such abiotic stresses was developed.
CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS IN G. BYRON’S POETRY AND ITS UKRAINIAN TRANSLATIONS

INTRODUCTION This research examines the mechanisms of conceptual metaphors elaboration with special reference to George Gordon Byron’s romantic poetry and its Ukrainian translations. Studies of metaphor have been predominantly dedicated to issues ranging from meaning, structure, components, analogies, typology to the role of metaphors as speech ornaments. These studies, however, neglected the exploration of the continuous connection of metaphors as mental or picturesque representations of the real world and the language used to verbalize these pictures in words. Despite the majority of literature available on the literary aspects of this linguistic phenomenon, very little research has been done on a cognitive and cultural translation of metaphors. Contemporary studies on metaphor tend to show how metaphors reflect cognitive and cultural human experiences encoded by language as a means of recording human experience and how culture models and constrains this cognition. In particular, this research follows a cognitive approach to poetic metaphors elaboration and translation, especially from and into culturally distinct languages, such as English and Ukrainian. The most productive within an anthropologic approach to language study proves to be the linguistic and cultural theory of metaphor. Hence, to solve a problem of language and culture interconnection seems to be crucial in recent multiple linguistic works. The study of metaphor has revealed a limited number of possible metaphoric expressions found in a given language. This fact is explained by culturally specified nature of metaphor, advocating an idea that “only images rooted in cultural traditions and native speakers’ consciousness can function and develop in language”. Metaphor serves a prism through which human beings view
AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC AMMONIUM OXIDISING BACTERIA ENRICHMENT FROM MINED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN SHARON- ANAMMOX PROCESS

Ammoniacal nitrogen removal by novel processes like Single reactor system for high activity ammonia removal over nitrite (SHARON) and Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) processes are currently considered as advantageous than conventional processes. It requires aerobic ammonium oxidising bacteria (AOB) and anaerobic ammonium oxidising bacteria (AnAOB) to conduct the SHARON and ANAMMOX processes. This paper presents the feasibility of enriching the AOB and AnAOB using mined municipal solid waste (MSW) in batch reactors for a period of 37 days. In AOB reactor with nitrogen loading of 0.5 kg N/d showed Partial Nitritation Efficiency of 82.6% with 3.8 × 10 8 MPN/100mL of AOB population obtained. AnAOB reactor enriched with anammox biomass efficiently removed 78% of ammonia with the specific anammox activity reached up to 0.10 mg NH4-N/mg MLVSS/d. The nitrogen transformations along with the formation of intermediates (hydrazine and hydroxylamine), biomass development, free ammonia and free nitrous acid concentrations in the batch reactors confirmed the enrichment AOB and AnAOB biomass activity using mined MSW. (
1. ALL_TII-19-5397.R1

The multi-microgrids system of the island group is geographically dispersed with different ownership. A control strategy based on distributed model predictive control is proposed to optimize the economic scheduling of multi-microgrids on island group. The strategy is designed based on the dynamic non-cooperative game theory to regulate the trading behavior among microgrids belonging to different owners. The mechanism maximizes the economic benefits of the microgrids under the premise of ensuring the closed-loop stability of the single microgrid system. Only a minimum amount of communication information exchange is needed, which avoids the demands of the central controller and can help the microgrid to protect its privacy of operating information. The proposed strategy can maximize the benefits of power trading and significantly reduce the operating cost of the system while ensuring the balance between supply and demand. Simulation results are presented to prove the fairness and validity of the proposed control strategy.
Improving Taint Analysis of Android Applications Using Finite State Machines

—We present a taint analysis that can automatically detect when string operations result in a string that is free of taints, where all the tainted patterns have been removed. This is an improvement on the conservative behavior of previous taint analyzers, where a string operation on a tainted string always leads to a tainted string unless the operation is manually marked as a sanitizer. The taint analysis is built on top of a string analysis that uses ﬁnite state automata to approximate the sets of values that string variables can take during the execution of a program. The proposed approach has been implemented as an extension of FlowDroid and experimental results show that the resulting taint analyzer is much more precise than the original FlowDroid.
Femtochemistry of Hydrogen Bonded Complexes after Electronic Excitation in the Liquid Phase: The Case of Coumarin 102

We review our results on hydrogen bonding dynamics in the electronically excited state of coumarin 102 (C102), where we deduced that a hydrogen bond cleavage occurs within 200 fs. We compare the electronic absorption and emission properties of C102 hydrogen bonded to CHCl3, phenol or 2,2-dimethyl-3-ethyl-3-pentanol. We introduce the technique of two-pulse photon echo to show that an optical coherence between the optically coupled electronic ground and excited states survives until 180−200 fs, in the case of C102−(phenol)1,2 complexes, and argue that this is an indication that an electronic state hopping occurs around this time. By comparison with the previous pump−probe and grating scattering results we deduce that this state hopping is accompanied by a hydrogen bond cleavage.