Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Varietal performance on growth and yield of organically grown finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn) to varying levels of FYM under Konkan condition

The present investigation entitled “Varietal performance of organically grown finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn) to varying levels of FYM under Konkan condition. ” was conducted at Agronomy Farm, College of Agriculture, Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri (M.S.) during Kharif season of 2017. The experiment was laid out in Factorial randomized block design with three replications. The treatments included four Varieties viz., DPL-1 (V1), DPL- 2 (V2), DPL white (V3) and Sindhudurga local (V4) in main plot and levels of farm yard manure viz., 100% RDF (Control) (M0), 50% RDN through FYM (M1), 75% RDN through FYM (M2), 100% RDN through FYM (M3), 125% RDN through FYM (M4) and 150% RDN through FYM (M5) in sub plots. Thus, there were 24 treatment combinations. Soil of the experimental field was uniform, level and well drain. It was sandy clay loam in texture, moderately acidic in reaction (pH 5.49) and very high in organic carbon (13.60 g kg-1). It was low in nitrogen (242.32 kg ha-1), low in available phosphorus (10.92 kg ha-1) and moderately high in available potassium (231.60 kg ha-1). During the course of investigation, growth observations of finger millet were recorded periodically at an interval of 30 days while yield contributing characters and yields were recorded at harvest to evaluate the treatment effects. The uptake of major nutrients by the finger millet crop was analyzed and interpreted. The experimental results revealed that variety DPL-2 (V2) produced higher growth attributes viz., height of plant, number of functional leaves hill-1, number of tillers hill-1, accumulation of dry matter-1, which were significantly higher as compared to other varieties of finger millet at all the stages of crop growth. Yield attributing characters viz., number of earhead hill-1, number of fingers earhead-1, weight of earhead, length of fingers hill-1, straw weight hill-1 and 1000 grain weight were significantly higher due to variety DPL-2 (V2) than rest of the treatments. Grain and straw yield ha-1, uptake of nutrients viz., N, P and K kg ha-1 were also significantly higher due to variety DPL-2 followed by variety Sindhudurga local, DPL-1 and DPL white in that descending order. The increase in grain yield recorded by variety DPL-2 over Sindhudurga local, DPL-1 and DPL white was to the tune of 6.58 per cent, 9.19 per cent and 13.73 per cent, respectively. Application of 100% RDF through chemical fertilizers (M0) recorded significantly higher growth as well as yield attributes resulting into significantly more grain and straw yield over all other treatments. Significantly higher value of N, P, K uptake was recorded due to the application of 100% RDF (M0). The magnitude of increase in grain yield recorded by the treatment M0 over M5, M4, M3, M2, and M1 was to the tune of 14.63 per cent, 23.47 per cent, 34.28 per cent, 38.67 per cent and 51.55 per cent respectively.
A method for improving load turndown in fluidized bed combustors

The authors investigate a new concept in the design of fluidized bed combustors that improves load turndown capability. This design is based on control of heat-transfer rate independent of combustion rate. The configuration under investigation consists of a central combustion bed surrounded by an annular fluidized bed that establishes overall heat-transfer rate from the inner combustion bed. The two beds are fluidized independently by separate air plenums. Experiments were performed to evaluate the usefulness of this device in improving load turndown. For a given combustor firing rate and air-to-fuel ratio, a wide variation in combustion temperature could be achieved by controlling the flow of fluidization air to the annular fluidized bed. In other tests, a load turndown ratio of 8.7 was achieved while combustion temperature was held constant.
Acrylic bone cements: Effects of the poly(methyl methacrylate) powder size and chitosan addition on their properties

The effect of the particle size of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and the incorporation of chitosan (CH) on the mechanical and thermal properties and the biocompatibility of acrylic bone cements were investigated. Three groups of bone cements were prepared with different PMMA particles. Groups 1 (BC1) and 2 (BC2) contained ground and sieved PMMA with particle sizes in the ranges 50–150 μm and 1–50 μm, and group 3 (BC3) contained synthesized PMMA microspheres with a size of about 1 μm. The mechanical properties of the three groups were similar, but their curing properties were significantly affected. The presence of CH improved the mechanical and thermal properties. For the BC1 group, the compressive strength increased more than 10 MPa, and the curing temperature decreased 12°. The cement having the optimum properties (BC1) was applied to rats, where it enhanced the bone bonding ability, and bioactivity was observed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39662.
Effect of Supplementary UVB Radiation on Chlorophyll Synthesis and Accumulation of Photosystems during Chloroplast Development in Spirodela oligorrhiza

Abstract— Although the effects of ultraviolet B (UVB, 290–320 nm) radiation have been studied in plants extensively, little is known about the potential impacts on maturation of chloroplasts. To address this problem, the effects of supplementary UVB on chloroplast development were examined in the aquatic higher plant Spirodela oligorrhiza. Dark‐grown Spirodela‐containing proplastids were exposed to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and ultraviolet A (UVA, 320–400 nm), plus supplementary UVB equivalent to 1% of PAR on a photon basis. The biosynthesis and assembly of chlorophyll (Chi) into reaction centers was followed for 4 days in situ by low temperature (77 K) Chi fluorescence. Impacts on chloroplast development were detected after only 1 h incubation in light with supplementary UVB. Fluorescence emission signals from Chi associated with the photosystem (PS) II antenna, PSII reaction centers and PSI reaction centers were detected at the same time with or without UVB, but the magnitude of PS fluorescence was diminished up to 60% in plants incubated in UVB. The Chi content was also lower in UVB‐treated plants, but to a lesser degree than anticipated by low temperature fluorescence, suggesting lack of organization and/or association of Chi with PS. Electron transport, measured with room temperature fluorescence induction, was not consistently different in plants exposed to UVB. These results suggest that with UVB, fewer and/or smaller PS form during chloroplast development, but there is not a large inhibition of Chi synthesis or PSII activity.
Electronic Spectra of Jet-Cooled Anthracene Dimer: Evidence of Two Isomers in the Electronic Ground State

The broad and sharp absorption systems of anthracene in the 362−376 nm region have been confirmed to be due to dimeric species by measuring the resonantly enhanced two-photon ionization mass spectrum. The hole-burning spectrum indicated that two stable isomers exist in the S0 state. The decay time of the excimer emission (300 ns) from the broad system is much longer than that of the emission from the sharp system (15 ± 5 ns), indicating that the electronic nature of the excited state is very different between the two systems. The difference in the excited-state potentials of the two systems has been discussed on the basis of the vibronic structures and the emission lifetimes.
Hétéroagglomération de suspensions céramiques : une étude numérique

L’heteroagglomeration a ete etudiee dans des suspensions ceramiques mixtes aluminesilice diluees, par deux types de simulations numeriques : dynamique Brownienne et minimisation globale. Les simulations ont ete appliquees a un premier systeme, ou les particules d’alumine et de silice sont de tailles peu differentes. Elles ont permis d’analyser la composition et la structure des agglomerats obtenus. Elles ont ensuite ete adaptees a un deuxieme systeme, ou les particules de silice sont seize fois plus petites que celles d’alumine. Dans ce cas, elles ont montre que les particules de silice s’adsorbent sur l’alumine et que l’agglomeration des particules d’alumine, fortement chargees, est possible, par l’intermediaire de la silice qui se place entre elles. Les agglomerats obtenus sont tres allonges bien que les formes d’equilibre soient plus compactes. Les observations experimentales effectuees sur les deux systemes sont en accord avec les resultats de ces simulations.
Investigation of the Accuracy of the ITS‐90 with Reference to Thermodynamic Temperature in the Range from 400 °C up to 600 °C

For several years Physikalisch‐Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) has performed thermodynamic temperature measurements on a large area blackbody applying filter radiometers (FR) based on silicon photodiodes and interference filters with center wavelengths at 676 nm, 800 nm, 900 nm, and 1000 nm. These FRs were used for the determination of possible systematic deviations of temperatures measured according to the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS‐90), T90, and the thermodynamic temperatures T. The measurements in 1995 with the 676‐nm‐FR and the 800‐nm‐FR revealed a difference of 50 mK of T−T90 at temperatures around the freezing point of silver (961.78 °C). The observed difference decreases with decreasing temperatures, indicating that it may be attributed to a systematic deviation in the ITS‐90 from T due to the gas thermometric temperature measurement at 457 °C, which has been used as a reference temperature for extrapolation of the ITS‐90 to higher temperatures. For a further, more detailed investigation it was necessary to measure the difference T−T90 down to temperatures of 420 °C, the temperature of freezing zinc, which serves as one of the temperature fixed points of the ITS‐90. However, the spectral responsivity of silicon photodiodes does not allow their application in filter radiometers with center wavelengths beyond 1000 nm, which are needed for accurate thermodynamic temperature measurements below 450 °C. Therefore a filter radiometer with center wavelength arround 1600 nm based on an Indium‐Gallium‐Arsenide photodiode has been developed. The design of this radiometer, the assessment of its spectral responsivity and its temperature dependence is shown. T−T90 results are presented for the temperature range from 400 °C to 600 °C obtained with filter radiometers with their center wavelengths at 800 nm, 900 nm, 1000 nm, and 1600 nm.For several years Physikalisch‐Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) has performed thermodynamic temperature measurements on a large area blackbody applying filter radiometers (FR) based on silicon photodiodes and interference filters with center wavelengths at 676 nm, 800 nm, 900 nm, and 1000 nm. These FRs were used for the determination of possible systematic deviations of temperatures measured according to the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS‐90), T90, and the thermodynamic temperatures T. The measurements in 1995 with the 676‐nm‐FR and the 800‐nm‐FR revealed a difference of 50 mK of T−T90 at temperatures around the freezing point of silver (961.78 °C). The observed difference decreases with decreasing temperatures, indicating that it may be attributed to a systematic deviation in the ITS‐90 from T due to the gas thermometric temperature measurement at 457 °C, which has been used as a reference temperature for extrapolation of the ITS‐90 to higher temperatures. For a further, more detailed investi.
Oxidation of Ketones: A (Chemo-) Enzymatic Approach Using Oxygenases and Hydrolases

Oxidation reactions are important in organic chemistry as well as in nature. In industry, oxidations are commonly used for the synthesis of chemicals and pharmaceuticals, however such processes have a number of limitations, they use chlorinated solvents, stoichiometric oxidation reagents, and in some cases the reagents that have risks of explosion during transportation and storage. This has called for more environment-friendly alternative technologies for oxidation reactions. Baeyer-Villiger oxidation is a reaction in which a ketone is oxidized to an ester or a cyclic ketone to a lactone by treatment with peroxyacids. Lactones constitute an important group of chemicals used in flavors, fragrances, pharmaceutical intermediates and polymer building blocks. The work presented in this thesis concerns enzymes, including Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs) that catalyse the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation using molecular oxygen as an oxidant, and perhydrolytic enzymes that can be used for in situ generation of peracid for oxidation of cyclic ketones. A simple colorimetric method was developed for detection of BVMO activity and was based on the formation of a purple colored product between an enolizable ketone and 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid in an alkaline solution. The method was shown to have potential for screening of both wild type and recombinant microbial cells as well as for quantitative measurement of BVMO activity. Further, a recombinant BVMO from a strain of Dietzia was characterized. The sequence of the enzyme suggested that it is related to Ethionamide monooxygenases. The recombinant enzyme was active in whole cells and crude lysate but lost activity on purification. The enzyme was shown to have high activity towards several linear alkenes, and was also moderately active towards cyclobutanone, phenylacetone and thioanisole. Two perhydrolytic enzymes able to produce peracids from a carboxylic ester and hydrogen peroxide were studied for oxidation of cyclohexanone to caprolactone, a chemical of immense importance. The enzymes were immobilized as cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs). The well-studied lipase B from Candida antarctica (CaLB) gave a maximal caprolactone yield of 80% with ethyl acetate as acyl donor. The perhydrolase was able to produce peracids in an aqueous medium with ethylene glycol diacetate and hydrogen peroxide, and gave caprolactone yield of 70%. In both cases the formation as acetic acid as a coproduct showed to be an important factor for the deactivation of the enzyme. The use of monooxygenases, lipases and perhydrolases for the Baeyer-Villiger reaction constitutes a greener alternative to traditional chemical processes but the problem of enzyme stability remains to be solved.
Partisanship in Legislative Bargaining

Shared interests and interests in others’ well-being powerfully influence decision-making. While individual persons decide their own actions, decisions are not often made without consideration for their effects on friends, associates, or allies. In legislative contexts, shared interests are demonstrated in partisan connections among individuals and groups. Whether these connections manifest as membership in a formal political party or as looser associations, this behavior suggests that participants in legislative processes are not purely self-interested. However, the mere presence of a shared interest does not indicate identical interests or equal concern. An interest may be more highly valued for one person who holds it than another. Further, if these interests are for the well-being of different persons, then we may reasonably assume a person values his or her own well-being over that of others. As legislative bargaining plays an important role in the allocation of resources at many levels of society, modelling the effects of partisanship on its outcomes is a significant step in better understanding these processes. While many previous legislative bargaining models have varied the structure of the legislative system and some have varied legislator preferences, the present study introduces and investigates the equilibrium effects of treating legislators as partisan rather than purely self-interested . The present study follows previous work in the field of bargaining theory, particularly building on the seminal work on legislative bargaining of Baron and Ferejohn (1989). Baron and Ferejohn propose a model of an infinite-session majority-rule system of n legislators, where the individual to propose a distribution of resources in each session is chosen at random. In the simple model, amendments to proposals are disallowed, and the probability of a legislator being chosen as a proposer is 1 n . The n legislators vote on a proposal, which succeeds if it receives more than n 2 votes in favor. To obtain a unique equilibrium, the BaronFerejohn model relevant to the present study assumes stationarity. Stationarity requires that each player’s continuation value remain the same across all subgames. Thus, when faced with the same subgame, each player will always choose the same strategy. The previous history
The Thermionic Emission Constant A

1. Summary of Paper . —The main object of this paper is to apply Nordheim’s theory of the emission coefficient of electrons from metals so as to explain the remarkable relation between the constants A and X of the thermionic emission formula, first recorded by O. W. Richardson and recently reformulated by Du Bridge. This theory regards the emission as due to the passage of electrons through simple surface potential steps and double layers, to be calculated according to the wave mechanics. We conclude that the theory gives a completely satisfactory account of the facts whenever it can be properly applied. The necessary conditions for its proper application are formulated. Certain apparent discrepancies in absolute magnitude between the observed and theoretical values of A are left outstanding and it is necessary to discuss possible explanations of these in some detail. It is concluded that though their precise cause cannot yet be specified they can certainly be explained and their existence is in no way antagonistic to the main theory. 2. The Experimental Facts . —Much attention has been devoted recently to the values of the constant A in the formula for the saturated thermionic (electronic) current I, namely, I = AT2 e - x/k T, where T is the absolute temperature, X the work function and k Boltzmann’s constant. Particularly interesting measurements of A (and X ) have been recorded by Du Bridge for platinum when very severely outgassed. Du Bridge seems definitely to have established that for really clean platinum the photoelectric threshold and the thermionic work function agree at or near 6·35 volts, and that the corresponding values of A for various specimens range from 10,000 to 20,000 amp. /cm.2.
Mikropartikel als aktive Komponenten mikrofluidischer Operationen

Lab-on-a-Chip Anwendungen verwenden mikroskopische Kanale und Kammern, um einzelne chemische Nachweise schnell und direkt durchfuhren zu konnen. Um Flussigkeiten durch mikroskopische Kanalstrukturen transportieren und leiten zu konnen, werden selbstorganisierte Cluster von mikroskopischen paramagnetischen Partikeln verwendet, um einfache mikrofluidische Operationen durchzufuhren. Die Kombination von globalen magnetischen Feldern mit lokaler Geometrie der Cluster und der Kammern ermoglicht die Entkopplung der Funktionen einzelner Bauteile. Lab-on-a-Chip applications apply microscopic channels and chambers for quick and direct chemical analysis. In order to transport and direct fluids through microscopic channel structures we apply self-assembled clusters of microskopic paramagnetic particles to perform simple microfluidic operations. The combination of global magnetic fields and lokal geometries of clusters and chambers allows the decoupling of function of different devices.
Characteristics of the synthesis of methanol using biomass-derived syngas

The characteristics of methanol synthesis from biomass-derived syngas were studied in a high-pressure microreactor with a commercial Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst. A series of experiments was conducted at a temperature range of 215−270 °C, with three different pressures of 2.6, 3.6, and 4.6 MPa and space velocities of 4000−12 000 h-1. Four model bio-syngases with different H2/CO/CO2/N2 ratios, which were configured according to the results of biomass gasification, were used in the studies. The effect of temperature, pressure, and space velocity on the space-time yield and selectivity of methanol was explored. The sensitivity analysis of the yield and selectivity of methanol with different H2/(CO + CO2) and CO2/CO ratios was investigated. Results show that both yield and selectivity of methanol are affected by the operating parameters, and optimum conditions exist within the tested range. The yield of methanol is sensitive to the H2/(CO + CO2) ratio, whereas the selectivity of methanol is more sensitive to the CO2.
Evaluation of Biochemical Changes in Skin-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells during In Vitro Neurodifferentiation by FT-IR Analysis

Recently FT-IR analysis has been employed to study changes in molecular signatures during embryonic stem cell differentiation. We were interested to find out whether FT-IR spectroscopy could be applied to analyze changes in human skin mesenchymal stem cell (S-MSC) biochemical profile during in vitro neurodifferentiation. S-MSCs were propagated in serum-free medium with EGF and FGF-2 during six weeks. Neural progenitor cell line ReNcell CX (Millipore) was used as a reference cell line. Samples were collected each week and analyzed for neural marker nestin, tubulin βIII, GFAP, and CD271 expression. FT-IR analysis was carried out using microplate reader HTS-XT (Bruker, Germany). Despite the immunophenotype similarity, FT-IR spectroscopy revealed distinct profiles for S-MSC culture and ReNcell CX cells. FT-IR spectra analyses showed changes of protein and lipid concentration during neurodifferentiation and different carbohydrate composition in ReNcell CX and S-MSCs. It was possible to discriminate between S-MSC cultures at different time points during neurodifferentiation. The results of this study demonstrate that FT-IR spectroscopy is more sensitive than conventional immunophenotyping analysis and it has a great potential for the monitoring of the stem cell differentiation status.
Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth of Graphene using Other Hydrocarbon Sources

Graphene has attracted a lot of research interests due to its exotic properties and a wide spectrum of potential applications. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) from gaseous hydrocarbon sources has shown great promises for large-scale graphene growth. However, high growth temperature, typically 1000{\deg}C, is required for such growth. Here we demonstrate a revised CVD route to grow graphene on Cu foils at low temperature, adopting solid and liquid hydrocarbon feedstocks. For solid PMMA and polystyrene precursors, centimeter-scale monolayer graphene films are synthesized at a growth temperature down to 400{\deg}C. When benzene is used as the hydrocarbon source, monolayer graphene flakes with excellent quality are achieved at a growth temperature as low as 300{\deg}C. The successful low-temperature growth can be qualitatively understood from the first principles calculations. Our work might pave a way to undemanding route for economical and convenient graphene growth.