Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Media preferences among young consumers in Bangladesh: a multidimensional approach

Abstract Generally, preference toward an advertising media is judged by company-driven effectiveness assessment parameters such as reach, frequency, sales and return on investment. This paper, on the other hand, by using structural equation modeling offers a three-dimensional 20-item ‘media effectiveness assessment model’ based on the quantitative judgment of young consumers. After that the preferences of male and female consumers toward seven different media with respect to the assessment criteria of the model have been captured and compared. Item-wise results of the study show that radio received highest priority by male consumers, whereas, TV and newspaper are the second priority. Female respondents on the other hand put highest preference toward magazine followed by radio. Popularity of radio among young consumers is noticeable. Dimension-wise comparisons revealed that men and women consumers preferred radio and billboard, respectively as the best media for ‘customization’ ability. However, for advertisement ‘positioning’ men and women prioritized TV and magazine, respectively. Finally, billboard and radio were found to be most ‘interactive’ as opined by male and female, respectively. The methodology of this study is based on 783 samples collected from the young executives (both male and female) of Bangladesh during September–November, 2014.
“That little doorway where I could suddenly start shouting out”: Barriers and enablers to the disclosure of distressing voices

Hearing distressing voices is a key feature of psychosis. The time between voice onset and disclosure may be crucial as voices can grow in complexity. This study aimed to investigate barriers and enablers to early voice disclosure. In total, 20 voice hearers were interviewed, and Thematic Analysis was used to identify themes. Beliefs about the effect of disclosure on self and others acted as a barrier and enabler to voices being discussed. Voice hearing awareness should be increased among young people, the public, and care services. To support earlier disclosure, measures should be taken to increase skill among those likely to be the recipients of disclosure.
CL 218,872 Binding to Benzodiazepine Receptors in Rat Spinal Cord: Modulation by γ‐Aminobutyric Acid and Evidence for Receptor Heterogeneity

Abstract: The binding of the triazolopyridazine CL 218,872 to central benzodiazepine receptors identified with [3H]Ro 15–1788 was studied in extensively washed homogenates of rat spinal cord and cerebral cortex. CL 218,872 displacement curves were shallow in both spinal cord (nH= 0.67) and cortex (nH= 0.54), suggesting the presence of type 1 and type 2 benzodiazepine receptors in both tissues. CL 218,872 had lower affinity in spinal cord (IC50= 825 nM) than cortex (IC50= 152 nM), possibly reflecting the presence of fewer type 1 sites in the cord. Activating γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors with 10 μM muscimol resulted in a two‐ to threefold increase in CL 218,872 affinity in both tissues without changes in the displacement curve slope. This indicates that GABA enhances CL 218,872 affinity for both type 1 and type 2 sites in both spinal cord and cerebral cortex.
[School accidents--an epidemiological assessment of injury types and treatment effort].

Children and adolescents spend up to 50% of their time at school. The purpose of this study was to assess injury patterns with their treatment of school accidents in a Trauma Service of a German University Hospital and to compare these data to the literature. All school accidents from 01.07. 1999 to 30.06. 2004 were statistically analysed in a retrospective manner by chart review. There were 1399 school accidents treated in our department. Average age of the injured children was 11.8 years with a boy:girl ratio of 3:2. Almost 40% of the injuries occurred during school sport. The most frequently injured region was the upper extremity including the hand (36.8%). Distortion and contusion were the most frequent diagnoses of all injuries. 16% of the cases had to be treated surgically and/or under general anaesthesia and also a total of 16% of the patients had to be admitted to the hospital. It can be concluded for school facilities that special attention has to be paid during school sports activity and breaks because they account for most accidents. Traffic education may reduce severe injuries. For diagnosis and treatment of school accidents specific knowledge of the growing longbones of the upper extremity and the hand is important.
IC card-based bitcoin payment design and implement

Bitcoin is a virtual currency based on the P2P network. Because of decentralization, anonymity, stability and other advantages, Bitcoin develops rapidly. In order to cope with increasingly wide application fields of bitcoin, this research designs bitcoin's payment based on the IC card, which improves its safety and convenience. According to Bitcoin's unique utilization, we've designed and achieved the documental structure of Bitcoin IC card and mutual authentication between PSAM card and IC card. With the combination of IC card private key and user's private key leading to account's private key, it will be safer to private key. Besides using merge-avoidance algorithm when trading improves the security of the account.
East-West Intellectual Property Enforcement Partnerships: Dream and Reality

Intellectual property rights (IPRs) are essential to functioning economies. Nearly all nations adopt treaties and enact statutes supporting IPRs. Moderate uniformity is found in legislative branches, but actions from executive and judicial branches vary among cultures, traditions and nations. Piracy and counterfeiting, both online and in physical markets, are prevalent within and between States, necessitating new and enhanced enforcement partnerships. Most research on the subject focuses on Eastern production and physical market counterfeiting rather than Western consumption and internet piracy. This article addresses IP enforcement problems among Eastern and Western nations. A survey is taken of Western consumers in a Thai physical market, and an inquiry into infringing websites is made.Game theory helps analyze the IP protection environment. A more realistic approach to international IPR enforcement is advocated, one including ex officio action and a new online copyright dispute resolution system resembling UDRP.
Generation Mechanism of Giant Earthquakes in Subduction Zones with Smaller-Size Interplate Earthquakes During Interseismic Period

In the subduction zone along the Japan trench, northeast Japan, only M 7∼8 earthquakes have occurred in the past hundred years (Yamanaka & Kikuchi, 2004). Furthermore, in the surrounding area of such earthquakes, small repeating earthquakes have occurred (Uchida & Matsuzawa, 2011). Because the occurrence of small repeating earthquakes indicates that the plate boundary is creeping (Uchida et al., 2009), it has been considered that only re-rupture of M 7∼8 slip areas (asperities) surrounded by aseismically sliding region can occur in this subduction zone. However, in 2011, a giant earthquake of magnitude (M) 9.0 (we call this as the 2011 Tohoku earthquake hereafter) occurred in the subduction zone and caused destructive tsunami along the pacific coast of Japanese island (Earthquake Research Committee, 2011). The source area extends more than 500km in trench parallel direction and more than 200km in subducting direction including the past M 7∼8 asperities. It should be noted that the occurrence of the M9 earthquake cannot be explained by the combined rupture of the M=7∼8 asperities. The slip amount in the M9 earthquake is one order larger than that in each M=7 ∼8 earthquake. For example, off Miyagi, the central part of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, the slip amount was 1.8 m for the 1978 off Miyagi earthquake (Yamanaka & Kikuchi, 2004) and more than 10m for the 2011 Tohoku earthquake [e.g., (Iinuma et al., 2011)]. Hence, one of the key questions provoked by this event is: How could an M9 earthquake occur in a subduction zone in which only M = 7∼8 earthquakes have occurred repeatedly in the past 100 years?
N-linked oligosaccharides of human transferrin are not required for binding to bacterial transferrin receptors

Derivatives of human transferrin (hTf) with removed or modified N-linked oligosaccharides were compared with native hTf with respect to their binding to bacterial hTf receptors from Neisseria meningitidis, N. gonorrhoeae, and Haemophilus influenzae. Partially and fully deglycosylated hTf were prepared by enzymatic deglycosylation with glycopeptidase F and isolated by concanavalin A-Sepharose affinity chromatography. Oligosaccharide-modified hTf was prepared via mild periodate oxidation. Competition and direct binding experiments with the hTf derivatives demonstrated that the hTf oligosaccharides are not essential for binding to the bacterial hTf receptors.
Quality Education in Ghana: The Way forward

It should be the hallmark of every government to ensure that quality education exists in her country since education is the major tool for national development. The aim of this paper is to examine the Ghanaian educational system with the view to bringing out some of the numerous challenges and constraints that hinder its quality and standard so that appropriate recommendations could be made to arrest some of the problems. It is a fact that Ghana has experienced various forms of education since pre-colonial era. It is without prejudice to say that as the various governments make such changes with the intentions of raising the quality of life of the people, the emerging quality of education inherent in the reforms seems to be a mirage. A review of the different education reform committee reports has been done. The study has also examined all the levels of educational hierarchy namely kindergarten, primary, junior high, senior high, technical/vocational and tertiary education levels. The major findings, which include inadequate standardized human and material resources, poor management and supervision, lack of funding and poor conditions of service for employees of the educational system culminate in low productivity. In view of these, pragmatic recommendations have been made to describe the way forward for the attention of all stakeholders in education.
A Profile of the Internet Shopper: Evidence from Six Countries

Internet usage and commerce are expected to grow significantly across the world. However, as each part of the world is unique in its social norms, culture, and infrastructure, these differences may cause the profiles of Internet shoppers and nonshoppers to be different worldwide. Hence, the importance of understanding the similarities and dissimilarities among consumers in different regions is crucial for both marketing theory and practice. In this paper, the authors report the characteristics relating to attitudes, motivations, and demographics of Internet shoppers in six countries (United States, England, New Zealand, China, Brazil, and Bulgaria), thereby contributing to understanding differences between Internet users and online shoppers in different regions of the world. Findings show that online shoppers share many similar traits around the world. Internet shoppers in all countries examined are similar in regard to their desire for convenience, are more impulsive, have more favorable attitudes toward direct marketing and advertising, and wealthier, and are heavier users of both e-mail and the Internet. Implications of the findings for theory and practice are discussed.
Testing the Relationship Between Profitability and Capital Structure of Textile Industry of Pakistan

4 Abstract: This study is conducted to test the relationship between capital structure and profitability of textile industry of Pakistan. In this purpose, panel data of 22 listed textile firms is used for the period of seven years from 2006 to 2012. These firms are listed on Karachi Stock Exchange. Multiple regression and correlation analysis is applied to check the relationship and significant level between profitability and capital structure. The results reveal that there is negative weak relationship between EBIT and ROE. EBIT has the weak positive relationship with ROA. EBIT has also weak positive relationship with LEVERAGE and there is moderate positive relationship between EBIT and Firm Size. The firms which are more profitable they need to use more equity as main source of finance. There should be better decision making for capital structure which will increase the profit of firms.
Inflammation in osteoarthritis

Purpose of reviewThis review focuses on the novel stress-induced and proinflammatory mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, with particular attention to the role of synovitis and the contributions of other joint tissues to cellular events that lead to the onset and progression of the disease and irreversible cartilage damage. Recent findingsStudies during the past 2 years have uncovered novel pathways that, when activated, cause the normally quiescent articular chondrocytes to become activated and undergo a phenotypic shift, leading to the disruption of homeostasis and ultimately to the aberrant expression of proinflammatory and catabolic genes. Studies in animal models and retrieved human tissues indicate that proinflammatory factors may be produced by the chondrocytes themselves or by the synovium and other surrounding tissues, even in the absence of overt inflammation, and that multiple pathways converge on the upregulation of aggrecanases and collagenases, especially MMP-13. Particular attention has been paid to the contribution of synovitis in posttraumatic joint injury, such as meniscal tears, and the protective role of the pericellular matrix in mediating chondrocyte responses through receptors, such as discoidin domain receptor-2 and syndecan-4. New findings about intracellular signals, including the transcription factors NF-&kgr;B, C/EBP&bgr;, ETS, Runx2, and hypoxia-inducible factor-2&agr;, and their modulation by inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adipokines, Toll-like receptor ligands, and receptor for advanced glycation end-products, as well as CpG methylation and microRNAs, are reviewed. SummaryFurther work on mediators and pathways that are common across different models and occur in human osteoarthritis and that impact the osteoarthritis disease process at different stages of initiation and progression will inform us about new directions for targeted therapies.
Effects of corporate governance on insider trading A case of listed companies on Nairobi securities exchange

th August, 2013 Corporate governance has dominated policy agenda in developed market economies for more than a decade and it is gradually warming its way to the top of the policy agenda on the African continent. The Nairobi Securities Exchange (formerly Nairobi Stock Exchange) (NSE) is the principal stock exchange of Kenya. Trading is done through the Electronic Trading System (ETS) which was commissioned in 2006. The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of corporate governance on insider trading guided by the following specific objectives: to assess the effect of board size as corporate governance attribute on insider trading; to examine the effects of board independence as corporate governance attribute on insider trading; to investigate the impact of institutional ownership on insider trading; and determine the effects of ownership concentration on insider trading. The researcher applied a descriptive research design. The target population of this study consisted of 59 firms listed companies on Nairobi Securities Exchange. The researcher sampled 29 participants from the listed 55 companies at the NSE. The sample composed of 50% of the total population. Primary data was collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). The study concludes that corporate governance affects insider trading based on the findings that board size, board independence, institutional ownership and ownership concentration affected insider trading in the organization to a very great extent. The study recommends that public listed companies should practice good corporate governance approach that aims at performing the main function of separating the firm's principals and agents as well as management from the board to eliminate insider trading.
Radiometric selective inhibition tests for differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, and other mycobacteria

In the context of a busy reference laboratory, radiometric selective inhibition tests were evaluated for rapid differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis and of the M. tuberculosis complex from other mycobacteria. p-Nitro-alpha-acetylamino-beta-hydroxypropiophenone at 5 micrograms and hydroxylamine hydrochloride at 62.5 and 125 micrograms per ml of 7H12 medium were used to separate the M. tuberculosis complex from other mycobacteria (MOTT bacilli). Since it is important epidemiologically to distinguish M. tuberculosis from M. bovis, susceptibility to 1 microgram of thiophene-2-carboxylic acid per ml was also determined radiometrically. By using these three agents as selective inhibitors, M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, and MOTT bacilli were differentiated with a high degree of specificity by a BACTEC radiometric procedure. Results of tests performed on clinical isolates submitted on solid medium to our reference laboratory were available within 5 days.
Obesity and kidney disease: hidden consequences of the epidemic

In 2014, over 600 million adults worldwide, 18 years and older, were obese. Obesity is a potent risk factor for the development of kidney disease. It increases the risk of developing major risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD), like diabetes and hypertension, and it has a direct impact on the development of CKD and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In individuals affected by obesity, a (likely) compensatory mechanism of hyperfiltration occurs to meet the heightened metabolic demands of the increased body weight. The increase in intraglomerular pressure can damage the kidney structure and raise the risk of developing CKD in the long-term. The good news is that obesity, as well as the related CKD, are largely preventable. Education and awareness of the risks of obesity and a healthy lifestyle, including proper nutrition and exercise, can dramatically help in preventing obesity and kidney disease. This article reviews the association of obesity with kidney disease on the occasion of the 2017 World Kidney Day. World Kidney Day 2017 Obesity and kidney disease: hidden consequences of the epidemic
Wpływ integracji z Unią Europejską na działalność innowacyjną przedsiębiorstw przemysłu spożywczego w Polsce

W artykule przedstawiono analizę działalności innowacyjnej przedsiębiorstw przemysłu spożywczego przed i po przystąpieniu Polski do Unii Europejskiej. Wykorzystano w niej dane publikowane przez Główny Urząd Statystyczny. Przeprowadzona analiza wskazuje, że przystąpienie Polski do Unii Europejskiej i nowe otoczenie, nie tylko konkurencyjne ale i regulacyjne, wpłynęło na działalność innowacyjną przedsiębiorstw przemysłu spożywczego. Mimo rosnących nakładów na innowacje producenci żywności nie wykorzystali w pełni istniejących możliwości zwiększenia efektywności podejmowanej działalności innowacyjnej.
Long-Term Use of Bisphosphonates in Osteoporosis

The rate of bone turnover increases around the time of menopause, and new bone may be remodeled before it is has been completely mineralized. If this is left untreated, osteoporosis often develops, leading to fractures, particularly of the spine and hip, which represent an enormous burden in terms of suffering, healthcare expenditure, disabilities and death. Bisphosphonates are potent inhibitors of bone resorption, which slow or arrest progressive bone loss. Continuous treatment with bisphosphonates reduces bone turnover, improves bone microarchitecture and increases bone mass, leading to greater mechanical strength and reduced fracture risk. Since osteoporosis is a chronic, progressive condition, treatment has to continue for many years. Therefore, the efficacy and safety of bisphosphonates, particularly alendronate and risedronate, have been evaluated in many thousands of patients for up to 10 years of continuous use. These drugs remain the cornerstone of osteoporosis treatment and appear to have favorable safety and efficacy profiles throughout long-term usage.
Influence of Beer Brand Identification on Taste Perception

As a company tries to find the factors accounting for strong and weak markets, typical consumer explanations for both tend to be in terms of the physical attributes of the product. Carling Brewing Company used a relatively inexpensive experiment to help dichotomize contributing influences as being either product or marketing oriented and, also, to indicate the magnitude of the marketing influence for various brands. The experiment involved the use of groups of beer drinkers that tasted (drank) and rated beer from nude bottles and from labeled bottles.
AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Activation Leads to Lysome-Mediated NA+/Iˉ-Symporter Protein Degradation in Rat Thyroid Cells

Abstract Iodide uptake by thyroid cells is mediated by a transmembrane glycoprotein known as the Na+/I−-symporter (NIS). NIS-mediated iodide uptake plays important physiological role in thyroid gland function, as well as in diagnostic and treatment of Graves’ disease and thyroid cancer. Although different studies investigated the transcriptional mechanisms of NIS expression, there is no report on the NIS post-translational regulation related to NIS protein degradation in thyroid cells. Recently, our group showed that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a pivotal role in the rat thyroid gland, downregulating iodide uptake, NIS protein, and mRNA content. Since several studies demonstrated that AMPK regulates post-transcriptional mechanisms, such as autophagy-mediated processes in different tissues, we hypothesized that AMPK activation could also regulate NIS protein degradation through the lysosome pathway in thyroid cells. Rat follicular thyroid PCCL3 cells cultivated in Ham’s F12 supplemented with 5% calf serum and hormones were exposed to the AMPK pharmacological activator 5-aminoimidazole-4 carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), in the presence or absence of Bafilomycin A1 or MG132 for 24 h. Treatment of PCCL3 cells with Bafilomycin A1 fully prevented the decrease of iodide uptake and NIS protein content mediated by AMPK activation. In contrast, the treatment with MG132 was unable to prevent the effects of AMPK activation on NIS. Our results show that AMPK activation significantly induces NIS protein degradation through a lysosome-mediated mechanism.
Thalamocortical Synaptic Connections: Efficacy, Modulation, Inhibition and Plasticity

The thalamic input to the neocortex is communicated by glutamatergic synapses. The properties and organization of these synapses determine the primary level of cortical processing. Similar to intracortical synapses, both AMPA and NMDA receptors in young and mature animals mediate thalamocortical transmission. Kainate receptors participate in thalamocortical transmission during early development. The shape of thalamocortical synaptic potentials is similar to the shape of intracortical potentials. On the other hand, thalamocortical synapses have on average a higher release probability than intracortical synapses, and a much higher number of release sites per axon. As a result, the transmission of each thalamocortical axon is significantly more reliable and efficient than most intracortical axons. Thalamic axons specifically innervate a subset of inhibitory cells, to create a strong and secure feed-forward inhibitory pathway. Thalamocortical connections display many forms of synaptic plasticity in the first postnatal week, but not afterwards. The implications of the functional organization of thalamocortical synapses for neocortical processing are discussed.