Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ALS Point Cloud Classification With Small Training Data Set Based on Transfer Learning

Point cloud classification of airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data is essential to extract geoinformation. Although deep learning provides a new approach for classification, the time-consuming training process and data dependence prevent its widespread application to point clouds. To solve these problems and leverage the potential of high-performing neural networks, we propose an airborne LiDAR point cloud classification method based on transfer learning. A strategy to generate feature images considering the point cloud spatial distribution is first introduced for applying traditional convolutional neural networks to point clouds. Then, transfer learning is used to extract multiscale and multiview deep features. A simple neural network classifier is designed to reduce dimensionality, fuse and learn high-level features, and postprocessing considering contextual information further improves the classification accuracy. We verified the performance of the proposed method through experiments on two airborne LiDAR data sets with different characteristics and containing eight classes. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve a satisfactory classification accuracy with relatively short training time and less training samples than if using conventional methods.
Large-scale acoustic characterization of mid-low vowels across American, British, and Singaporean children

This study compares how American, British and Singaporean children differ in their production of mid-low vowels. Read speech was collected from 6–13 years old American children (140 speakers, 43 406 utterances), British children (82 speakers, 32 542 utterances) and Singaporean children (192 speakers, 34 457 utterances), with a balanced gender ratio. All three corpora were designed to be phonetically balanced and formant estimates were extracted from the vowel tokens using the Praat software. Our large-scale acoustic analyses show that for TRAP-BATH split vowels, (1) British and Singaporean children both produce these vowels with higher F1, suggesting a relatively lowered tongue height; (2) These vowels have higher F2 (suggesting a more fronted tongue position) for both American and Singaporean children. One-way ANOVA tests reached statistical significance for all these differences; F(2,411) = 34.59, p < 0.001 for F1; F(2,411) = 544.13, p < 0.001 for F2. When comparing /ae/ and /ɛ/ productions, British speakers demonstrate the clearest distinction between the two vowels; Singaporean and American speakers both exhibit a higher and more fronted tongue position for /ae/, causing /ae/ to be more acoustically similar to /ɛ/. One-way ANOVA tests and post hoc Tukey’s test demonstrated that these differences are all statistically significant too (p < 0.001).
PERBANDINGAN KINERJA KEUANGAN BUMN DI INDONESIA DAN MALAYSIA TAHUN 2016-2018

B asically, the comparison of State-Owned Enterprises performance in Indonesia and Malaysia not enough cache only views of the value of total assets, equity, and net profit of the company. However, further analysis needs to be done about the financial performance indicated from various financial ratios. This research aims to prove empirically or no difference in performance at state- owned companies in Indonesia and Malaysia during the period of 2016-2018. This research is comparative research types that are compared by using a quantitative approach. The population in this study are the state-owned companies in Indonesia and Malaysia during the period of 2016-2018. Due to the number of population in this study is relatively small, amounting to 29 companies, then in this study were all members of a population is used as a sample. Determination of the number of samples using a Non Probability Sampling method sampling by the census or saturated. Engineering data collection using descriptive statistics, normality tests, and test hypotheses using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. R e s ults of the study prove that there is a difference in performance at state-owned companies in I ndonesia and Malaysia during the period of state-owned enterprises in 2016-2018. From the test results using a different test of Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, note that there is a significant difference ratio-the ratio of DER, ROI, and ROE and between state-owned Indonesia with the state-owned Malaysia during the period 2016-2018, while on the QR ratio, there was no significant difference. Keywords : performance, QR, DER, ROI, ROE
The Spectrometer/Telescope for Imaging X-rays (STIX)

Aims. The Spectrometer Telescope for Imaging X-rays (STIX) on Solar Orbiter is a hard X-ray imaging spectrometer, which covers the energy range from 4 to 150 keV. STIX observes hard X-ray bremsstrahlung emissions from solar flares and therefore provides diagnostics of the hottest (⪆10 MK) flare plasma while quantifying the location, spectrum, and energy content of flare-accelerated nonthermal electrons. Methods. To accomplish this, STIX applies an indirect bigrid Fourier imaging technique using a set of tungsten grids (at pitches from 0.038 to 1 mm) in front of 32 coarsely pixelated CdTe detectors to provide information on angular scales from 7 to 180 arcsec with 1 keV energy resolution (at 6 keV). The imaging concept of STIX has intrinsically low telemetry and it is therefore well-suited to the limited resources available to the Solar Orbiter payload. To further reduce the downlinked data volume, STIX data are binned on board into 32 selectable energy bins and dynamically-adjusted time bins with a typical duration of 1 s during flares. Results. Through hard X-ray diagnostics, STIX provides critical information for understanding the acceleration of electrons at the Sun and their transport into interplanetary space and for determining the magnetic connection of Solar Orbiter back to the Sun. In this way, STIX serves to link Solar Orbiter’s remote and in-situ measurements.
Encyclopedia of food and health

The Encyclopedia of Food and Health provides users with a solid bridge of current and accurate information spanning food production and processing, from distribution and consumption to health effects. The Encyclopedia comprises five volumes, each containing comprehensive, thorough coverage, and a writing style that is succinct and straightforward. Users will find this to be a meticulously organized resource of the best available summary and conclusions on each topic. Written from a truly international perspective, and covering of all areas of food science and health in over 550 articles, with extensive cross-referencing and further reading at the end of each chapter, this updated encyclopedia is an invaluable resource for both research and educational needs. * Identifies the essential nutrients and how to avoid their deficiencies* Explores the use of diet to reduce disease risk and optimize health* Compiles methods for detection and quantitation of food constituents, food additives and nutrients, and contaminants* Contains coverage of all areas of food science and health in nearly 700 articles, with extensive cross-referencing and further reading at the end of each chapter
Towards Automaticity in Reinforcement Learning: A Model-Based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Amaç: Önceki çalışmalar, medyal prefrontal kortekste bulunan birçok nöronun öğrenme süreci boyunca ateşlemelerini tahmin edilen en yüksek değere sahip olan ödüle yönelik yaptığını, ancak daha sonraki denemeler sırasında ateşlemelerini azaltıp, striatum tarafından kontrol edilen daha otomatik bir bilgi işleme tarzına geçtiğini göstermiştir. Mevcut araştırmada önceki kanıtlara dayanarak, öğrenmenin erken dönemlerinde yapılan seçimler için önce öngörülen ödül değerinin medyal frontal korteks tarafından yürütülen hedefe yönelik bir sistem tarafından kodlandığını, fakat ilerleyen denemelerde öngörülen değerin striatum tarafından temsil edildiği hipotezinde bulunulmuştur.
Schrödinger Filtering: A Novel Technique for Removing Gradient Artifact from Electroencephalography Data Acquired during Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

ii Lay summary . iii Co-authorship statement . iv Acknowledgments . v Table of contents . vii List of figures . ix List of acronyms . x List of symbols . xi List of equations . xiv
Representation and Reasoning of Fuzzy Knowledge Under Variable Fuzzy Criterion Using Extended Fuzzy Petri Nets

Fuzzy knowledge representation and reasoning is one of the key research subjects of artificial intelligence with uncertainty. Currently, fuzzy Petri nets (FPNs) cannot describe fuzzy nondeterministic knowledge based on the variable fuzzy criterion clearly. To solve this problem, we present an extended FPN model based on the qualitative mapping and the qualitative criterion transformation. First, the mechanism and the principles of the variable fuzzy criterion under qualitative mapping are introduced. The important theoretical basis of qualitative mapping is detection and integration of perceptual attribute features. Under transition degree function and the qualitative criterion transformation, the qualitative mapping better reflects the cases in which the fuzzy membership criterion is variable. Second, we use the characteristics of the qualitative mapping to propose a structure of attribute fuzzy information granule. Based on the logic operation of fuzzy information granule, we redescribe the four fuzzy production rules which are commonly used, and obtain four kinds of fuzzy qualitative judgment rules. They can explicitly express the occurrence process of transition nodes of FPNs, which strengthens the uncertain knowledge representation ability of FPNs. The new method makes it easy to construct a learning mechanism based on cognition in FPNs.
A high‐isolation dual‐polarized quad‐patch antenna fed by stacked substrate integrated waveguides for millimeter‐wave application

A high‐isolation dual‐polarized quad‐patch antenna fed by stacked substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) that is suitable for millimeter‐wave band is proposed in this paper. The antenna consists of a quad‐patch radiator, a two‐layer SIW feeding structure and two feeding ports for horizontal and vertical polarization. The two‐layer stacked SIW feeding structure achieves the high isolation between the two feeding ports (|S21| ≤ −45 dB). Based on the proposed element, a 1 × 4 antenna array with a simple series‐fed network is also designed and investigated. A prototype working at the frequency band from 38 to 40 GHz is fabricated and tested. The results indicate that the proposed antenna has good radiation performance at 38 GHz that covers future 5G applications.
Career planning and succession management practices of the clinicians at kenyatta national hospital

ix CHAPTER ONE:1INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Background of the Study . 1 1.1.1 Career Planning . 2 1.1.2 Succession Management . 4 1.1.3 HealthCare Sector in Kenya. 7 1.1.4 Kenyatta National Hospital . 8 1.2 Research Problem . 10 1.3 Objectives of the Study . 13 1.4 Value of the Study . 13 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW . 14 2.
INCIDENCE OF ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME AND ITS RISK FACTORS AMONG PATIENTS WITH ACUTE EXACERBATION OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

Background: The cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in COPD exacerbation is often under diagnosed. Objectives: Our study assessed the incidence of ACS in patients with COPD exacerbation, the risk factors associated with it and 28 day all-cause mortality of patients with COPD exacerbation. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on consecutive patients admitted with COPD exacerbation from February 2016 to August 2017. They were monitored during the hospital stay for occurrence of ACS and followed up till 28 days. Results: 298 patients were evaluated. Incidence of ACS was 7.71%. pulmonary embolism, cardiac infiltrative diseases, cardiac
Nouvelles méthodes d'intégration pour traiter la plasticité en X-FEM

La methode d’integration utilisee classiquement en X-FEM fait dependre la position des points d’integration de la position de la fissure, ce qui convient difficilement a l’etude de la propagation d’une fissure dans un milieu plastifie. En effet, des etapes de projection de champs sont alors necessaires. Afin de s’en affranchir, cette contribution propose deux approches alternatives. La premiere s’appuie sur les schemas d’integration standards tandis que la seconde propose de differencier les points d’integration des points ou le comportement est evalue. Les methodes proposees se limitent aux cas des interfaces.
Hipertansif hastalarin ailelerinde Apo E gen polimorfizmleri ve kan lipit profillerinin değerlendirilmesi Assessment of Apo E gene polymorphism and blood lipid profile in families of patients with hypertension

Aim. It is observed in studies that hypertension is a feature of familial and a variety of gene polymorphism is associated with hypertension. Method. This study was planned in two stages.At the first stage; to evaluate gene mutation, in population under the age of 45 CVD (CardiovascularDisease) case group of 50 persons with essential hypertension and at the same age group and sex, within normal blood pressure limits in a control group of 50 people was selected.In
Wideband high‐gain SIW‐fed antenna array for mm‐Wave applications

A wideband high‐gain mm‐Wave antenna array operating in Ka‐band is reported. The antenna element consists of an antipodal Vivaldi antenna (AVA) with plated through vias on the edges of the radiating arms, which is utilized to eliminate the harmful gap resonance due to the electrically discontinuity. A modified wideband 8‐way substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) power divider is proposed to feed the linear array. In addition, in order to enhance antenna gain, a stacked dielectric superstrate is employed, which achieves 2.3 dBi average gain improvement over 25‐40 GHz. The proposed structure provides superior bandwidth of 25.4‐40 GHz with S11 < −9.5 dB (corresponding to VSWR < 2). The modified SIW power divider, 1 × 8 AVA array and the dielectric superstrate are designed and fabricated, resulting in a wideband and high‐gain structure as compared to other SIW‐fed antennas. A prototype is experimentally verified. The measured results show that the impedance bandwidth ranges from 25.37 to 39.48 GHz (S11 < −9.6 dB, relative bandwidth of 43%). The measured gain varies from 15.5 to 18.5 dBi in the frequency range with an average gain of 16.6 dBi.
Performance Evaluation of Bone Glue-Modified Asphalt

Asphalt is one of the primary materials that are extensively used by the pavement industry throughout the world. Its behaviour is highly dependent on the amount of loading and the level of temperature it is exposed to. Asphalt has been modified in the past with different additives to improve its high- or low-temperature properties. In Pakistan, temperature remains high for most of the time of the year; hence, asphalt binders with less susceptibility to higher temperatures are preferred for flexible pavements. Acids, polymers, fibers, and extenders have been used by the researchers to improve high-temperature performance of asphalt mixture. In the present study, a bio material derived from the animal waste, named as bone glue (BG), has been used with the 60/70 penetration grade binder in dosages of 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% by weight of asphalt binder. The bone glue is produced from a sustainable source. It is a cost-effective and eco-friendly material. Moreover, it produces a durable and nonhazardous asphalt composite. The influence of addition of bone glue on asphalt binder was evaluated using different testing techniques which include consistency tests, rheological analysis, and adhesion tests. Furthermore, different performance tests were conducted on bone glue-modified asphalt mixtures. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were carried out to ensure the homogeneity and proper mixing of bone glue in asphalt binder. The results from the tests reveal that bone glue stiffens the asphalt binder hence enhancing its high temperature performance. Bone glue dosage of 9% by weight of the binder was found to be the optimum dosage based on the rheological and performance analysis.
Patch Tensor-Based Multigraph Embedding Framework for Dimensionality Reduction of Hyperspectral Images

Graph-based dimensionality reduction (DR) techniques are of great interest in the field of image processing and especially on the analysis of hyperspectral images (HSIs). Considering the characteristics of hyperspectral data, many different types of graphs were designed to describe the structure of HSIs. Generally, the algorithms based on these graphs achieved promising performance. However, most of them only focus on how to improve the measurement of similarity between the data points by a single graph. Specifically, vector-based graph methods fail to capture the spatial information, while tensor-based graph methods assume that the pixels in each patch tensor belong to the same class, which is not exactly correct in practice. To overcome these shortcomings, this article proposes a patch tensor-based multigraph embedding (PTMGE) framework for the DR of HSIs, in which three different types of subgraphs are constructed to comprehensively describe the intrinsic geometrical structures of HSIs. First, a tensor subgraph is constructed to capture the spatial information and local geometrical structure. Second, for each two neighboring patch tensors in the tensor graph, a bipartite graph is designed to characterize the pixel-based relationships between the patch tensors. Then, considering that the diversity of pixels may be existed in each patch tensor, a pixel-based subgraph is built to describe the inner geometrical structures of every patch tensor. Finally, a novel graph fusion strategy is designed to calculate a final similarity matrix for projection learning. Experiments on three real hyperspectral data sets are conducted, and comparison with some state-of-the-art algorithms validated the effectiveness of our proposed PTMGE method.
Bidirectional shooting method for extreme nonlinear optics

In this paper we introduce a pseudospectral shooting method to model intense, ultrashort optical pulses incident on remote targets. The method naturally extends the unidirectional pulse propagation equation to include backward propagating radiation due to either nonlinear coupling with the “forward” field or reflections generated at material boundaries. The general applicability of the method is highlighted with several examples, including a full simulation of a pulse propagating through air across an ultrathin gold film coated on fused silica.
Response of determinate and semi-determinate soybean on dolomite liming

This paper presents results of a study aimed to determine the effect of dolomite calcification on growth and production of the determinate and semi-determinate type of soybean ( Glycine max L.) . The study was designed in a 2-factor factorial experiment in a randomized block design. The first factor consisted of two growing types of soybean: variety of Baluran as a determinate type, and variety of Orba as a semi-determinate type. The second factor consisted of five levels of dolomite lime applications, namely: 0 kg ha -1 , 500 kg ha -1 , 1,000 kg ha -1 , 1,500 kg ha -1 , and 2,000 kg ha -1 . The results showed that the semi-determinate soybean type of Orba variety produced the highest average plant height (49.97 cm), the highest number of branches (3.29), the highest number of pods per plant (44.95), heaviest weight of pods per plot (671.80 g), the lowest percentage of empty pods (5.60%), the heaviest weight of seeds per plot (501.87g) and the heaviest weight of seeds per hectare (1,206.40 kg). the age of 56 dap produced the highest plants (52.13 cm), the highest number of leaves (13.00 strands), the earliest flowering age of 50% (36 days), the highest number of productive branches (3.08), highest number of pods per plant (53.33), widest leaf canopy after flowering (45.38 cm), heaviest pod weight per plot (761.32 g), lowest percentage of empty pods (3.90%), heaviest seed weight per plot (630.12 g) and highest seed weight per hectare (1,514.71 kg). The Semi-determinate type Orba variety gave the heaviest weight of 1,000 seeds at a dose of 1,500 kg ha -1 dolomite.
Circulating Tumor Stem Cells as Biomarkers for Cancer Progression

The identification of a minor cellular subpopulation responsible for the initiation, maintenance and expansion of tumors (the cancer stem cells -CSCs-) meant a radical paradigm shift, but at the same time the selection of specific biomarkers may have extraordinary prognostic value. Recently, circulating epithelial cells (CTCs) have been identified in peripheral blood of solid tumor patients, demonstrating their prognostic value in metastatic breast cancer and positive pre- dictive value for treatment response. This identification is based on epithelial cell markers in peripheral blood through immunocytochemistry technology or PCR, with a clear prognostic goal. Since CSCs are responsible for the initiation of new tumor lesions, we propose that a subpopulation of CTCs is the CSCs that will initiate metastasis. It is reasonable to speculate that a subpopulation of CTCs with stem cell features, such as self-renewal, multipotency, tumorigenicity and likely showing markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), may be the relevant players during metastasis. Fur- ther research into molecular characterization of CSC specific CTCs will create opportunities for novel therapeutic inter- vention, but at the same time facilitate the detection of clinically relevant CTCs. In this review, recent patents on CTC biomarkers are summarized.
Rotor Pole Design of Radial Flux Magnetic Gear for Reduction of Flux Density Harmonics and Cogging Torque

This article focuses on a novel design of rotor topology for an interior permanent magnet superconductive radial flux magnetic gear to achieve sinusoidal air-gap flux density and lower cogging torque. The method is based on optimization of buried magnet's pole shape in a radial flux structure, modified by using a pulsewidth modulation technique and variable air-gap length applying the supershape formula on the iron core of the inner rotor. The unsatisfied harmonic contents of the air-gap flux density can be reduced with this technique while the main harmonic component and average torque can be maintained or enhanced. The key idea is to set the distribution of the air-gap flux density by segmenting the pole shoe into several elementary blocks and predetermined grooves based on a special curve. Superconductor bulks are placed between pole pieces of modulator ring to improve the flux-modulation effect and decrease cogging torque percentage. The computation of the block sizes and effects of variation of supershape formula parameters are performed by solving a constrained optimization problem. Results show that the radial air-gap flux density harmonics are eliminated, leading to almost sinusoidal air-gap flux density and lower level of cogging torque.
A trajectory‐based method for constructing null controllable regions

The problem of determining a system's set of stabilizable states, the null controllable region (NCR), is intricately related to the problem of determining control Lyapunov functions. In this paper, we address the problem of construction of the NCR for control‐affine nonlinear systems with input constraints. To this end, we explain how the boundary of the NCR is covered by time‐optimal trajectories. To construct the NCR, we employ an algorithm based on Pontryagin's minimum principle, which integrates optimal trajectories of a special smooth system in reverse time from the boundary of an initial NCR estimate. We illustrate this algorithm with linear and nonlinear system examples.