Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surface-based mapping of the serotonin transporter binding in cerebral cortex-filtering and modeling of PET / MRI data

The aim of this project was to improve the filtering and modeling of PET data, to better handle the high noise level present in such data. It should lessen the artifacts of conventional volume-based spatial filtering with a Gaussian kernel. The focus was on the cerebral cortex due to its highly-folded and thin structure, which makes it particularly unsuited for the conventional approach to filtering. A surface-based approach was developed, which took the highly folded intrinsic geometry of cerebral cortex into account in the filtering and modeling by the multilinear reference tissue method MRTM2. A surface representation of the cerebral cortex was obtained by the software package FreeSurfer. By smoothing across the surface of the cortical layer the data was less affected by edge artifacts, as the smoothing is done between more functionally connected regions with similar neuronal density. The approach was contrasted with the conventional volumebased approach with good results. In addition, the surface-based statistical tools of FreeSurfer for group analysis between brains was evaluated with the use of this model. Furthermore, a Bayesian framework was used to directly incorporate the data filtering into the mathematical model. This model was based on MRTM2 and assumed that close regions have similar parameters and regularized the data on this assumption. This model was shown to handle high levels of noise better than the ordinary surface-based approach, while at the same time retaining a higher resolution and detail. In addition, it resulted in a higher repeatability between scans on a vertex level in a test-retest setting. Furthermore, attempts were made to treat the data in a fully Bayesian approach by including optimization of the hyperparameters of the model. keywords: positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, multimodality, FreeSurfer, Bayesian modeling, regularization, cerebral cortex, MRTM2, serotonin transporter, reference tissue.
Occurrence of cholera in Lukanga fishing camp, Kapiri-mposhi district, Zambia

recorded from fishing camps and peri-urban areas of the Copperbelt, Luapula and Lusaka provinces. Cholera cases have been recorded every year in the Lukanga fishing camps in the last five years. This article documents a cholera outbreak reported at the Lukanga fishing camp in Kapiri Mposhi district in September, 2016. All cases that met the cholera case definition as prescribed in the Integrated Diseases Surveillance and Response guidelines were admitted and treated using WHO standard protocols. A total of 27 patients all adult except 1, 26 of whom were male were seen at the cholera treatment center. Two facility deaths were recorded during the outbreak. All cases were linked to the fishing camps, lack of clean drinking water and poor sanitary conditions among other factors. The incubation period was about 4 days. All patients responded well to treatment with doxycycline and intravenous fluids. There were 2 facility deaths recorded; Case Fatality Rate (CFR): 7.4%. All cases tested on RDT and the water samples were positive for cholera. The outbreak on the Lukanga swamps is associated with choleravibrio. There is need to employ interventions in the area of water and sanitation on the Lukanga swamps in order to address the annual cholera outbreaks.
COW : Malware Classification in an Open World

A large number of new malware families are released on a daily basis. However, most of the existing works in the malware classification domain are still designed and evaluated under a closed world assumption in which the families of malware seen during testing are the same as the kind seen during training. In this paper we propose an open world malware classification algorithm. Our approach is not only able to identify known families of malware but is also able to distinguish them from malware families that were never seen before. We use a new feature space to help identify unknown malware families. Our proposed approach is more accurate and scales better on two evaluation datasets when compared to existing algorithms. Keywords-pen world classification, malware classification, open set recognitionpen world classification, malware classification, open set recognitiono
MYCORRHIZAE INDIRECTLY ENHANCE COMPETITIVE EFFECTS OF AN INVASIVE FORB ON A NATIVE BUNCHGRASS

Mycorrhizae are important mediators of plant competition, but little is known about the role of mycorrhizae in the intense competitive effects that exotic plants can have on native species. In the greenhouse, we tested the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on interspecific competition between Cerztaur-ea maculosu and Fest~ccu idahoensis, on intraspecific competition between individuals of both species, and the growth of C. rnac~closawith either inorganic or organic phosphorus. Mycorrhizae had no direct effect on either species, but mycorrhizae increased C. maculosa's negative effect on F. iduhoe~zsis. When competing with C. rnac-ulosa, nonmycorrhizal F. idahoensis were 171% larger than they were when mycorrhizae were present. In a second experiment, C. maculosa grown with larger F. idahoe~zsis were 66% larger, in the presence of AM fungi, than when AM fungi were absent. Centaurea maculosu biomass was not affected by AM fungi, in either phosphorus treatment, in the absence of F. idahoensis. Root: shoot ratios differed between phosphorus treatments, but this difference seemed to be a result of slower growth in the organic phosphorus treatment. Our results were unusual in that the direct effects of my- corrhizae on both species were weak, but the indirect effect of AM fungi on the interactions between C. muc~tlosa and F. idahoerzsis was strong. Our results suggest that AM fungi strongly enhance the ability of C. ~naculosa to invade native grasslands of western North America. Key ~. ord. ~: nrb~isclllcir rrrycoi-rhieal (AM) ,fuizgi; Centaurea maculosa; conzperition; exotic plants; Festuca idahoensis; interi7lor~tanr, gra.sslunris; iiz~,a.sion; mycorrhizae. ~~~~~~~~i~~~ between pairs of speciesare often me- diated by other species (Kareiva 1994, Miller 1994). Well documented indirect interactions include those be- tween sea otters, kelp and sea urchins 19781, starfish, molluscs and algae (Paine 1966),parasitic and autotrophic plants (Pennings and Callaway 1996), plants and soil microflora, (van der Putten et al, 1993. Bever 1994) and plants and mycorrhizal fungi (Grime
Anthropometrical Characteristics and Somatotype of Young Macedonian Soccer Players

El exito en el rendimiento deportivo esta estrechamente relacionado con el estado fisico del deportista. En la evaluacion de la condicion fisica, excepto los parametros fisiologicos y de acondicionamiento fisico, los parametros antropometricos tienen una influencia significativa. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar los cambios en las caracteristicas antropometricas y de somatotipo de jugadores jovenes de futbol de diferentes edades y comparar estas caracteristicas con la poblacion general. Las mediciones analizadas fueron de 486 futbolistas jovenes que juegan en equipos de la Primera Liga Nacional, con una edad media de 15,8±1,4. Los futbolistas fueron divididos en cinco subgrupos, con diferencias de edad de un ano. En la muestra se midieron altura, peso, indice de masa corporal (IMC), diametros, volumenes y pliegues de la piel. Tambien se calcularon la composicion corporal y somatotipo. Estos fueron menores en ninos de 14 anos y tuvieron menores tendencias que otros grupos etarios. De 16 anos en adelante, no hubo diferencias en las mediciones, lo que indica que los encuestados obtienen gradualmente el aspecto de jugadores adultos. Todos los pliegues de la piel en los jugadores jovenes macedonios (excepto los pliegues de la piel de la escapula) disminuyen con la edad y en comparacion con los companeros pertenecientes a la poblacion normal, son mas bajos. Para los jugadores jovenes de todas las edades domina el componente mesomorfico, y los valores mas bajos tienen el componente endomorfo, en lo que respecta a sus companeros de la poblacion general. Los resultados obtenidos pueden servir de indicadores antropometricos para establecer normativas para los examenes medicos en jugadores jovenes de Macedonia, pudiendo tambien ser utilizados como una plantilla para la comparacion del somatotipo antropometrico de los jugadores jovenes en niveles similares de diferentes paises.
TR 18-015 Turning a Corner with a Dubins Car

We study the problem of computing shortest collision-free Dubins paths when turning a corner. We present a sufficient condition for a closed-form solution. Specifically, consider S as the set consisting of paths of the form RSRSR, RSRSL, LSRSR and LSRSL that pass through the interior corner, where sub-paths RSR, RSL, and LSR are elementary Dubins paths composed of segments which are either straight (S) or turning left (L) or right (R). We find the closedform optimal path around a corner when S is nonempty. Our solution can be used in an efficient path planner, for example, when navigating corridors. It can also be used as a subroutine for planners such as RRTs. An implementation and online demo is provided at: sites.google. com/umn. edu/rsnlabdemos/home/dubins-2018
Social Media for Informal Minority Language Learning: Exploring Welsh Learners’ Practices

Conole and Alevizou’s social media typology (Conole and Alevizou, 2010) includes amongst its ten categories: media sharing; conversational arenas and chat; social networking and blogging. These are all media with which language learners are increasingly engaging (Lamy and Zourou, 2013). Social networking tools, in particular, which encourage informal, social communication have been identified as suitable for supporting language learning and their use is growing quickly. This paper reviews research on using social media for informal language learning. It will then discuss a small qualitative case study of Welsh learners’ practices in using such resources. Welsh is a minority UK language spoken by around a fifth of the population of Wales. Unlike a majority language there is no need for English speakers in Wales to learn Welsh in order to communicate with Welsh speakers as all UK Welsh speakers are bilingual. Nevertheless there is great interest among adults in Wales and from Welsh families across the UK in learning Welsh. However there are two particular challenges: the small numbers of speakers (around 611,000), and their very uneven distribution. These two factors make it difficult for learners outside Welsh speaking “hotspots” to hear and practice Welsh. Social media has the potential to support Welsh language learning by providing resources wherever the learner is (particularly if they live in a non-Welsh speaking area or outside Wales completely) and by supporting web-based learning communities. The study reported here is concerned with the extent to which this potential is being exploited in practice. It employed interviews and a small survey to study the practices of learners at all stages of their language learning. It was found that learners used social media widely but those at different stages used social media somewhat differently, with beginners browsing to make contacts and gather information, listening to the language and watching Welsh programmes via the internet whilst some advanced learners set up practice groups, lead sub-communities and source and provide resources both on- and off-line.
Acceleration and Time Pathologies

In his Contributions to Philosophy, Martin Heidegger (1999) introduces ‘acceleration’ as one of the three symptoms – along with ‘calculation’ and the ‘outbreak of massiveness’ – of our technological way of ‘being-in-the-world’. In this article, I unpack the relationship between these symptoms and draw a twofold conclusion. First, interpreting acceleration in terms of time pathologies, I suggest the self is becoming increasingly fragmented and emotionally overwhelmed from chronic sensory arousal and time pressure. This experience makes it difficult for us to qualitatively distinguish what matters to us in our everyday lives, resulting in a pervasive cultural mood of indifference, what Heidegger (1995) calls ‘profound boredom’. Second, by drawing on Heidegger's hermeneutic method, I argue that the practice of mainstream psychology, by adopting the reductive methodology of the empirical sciences, largely ignores our accelerated socio-historical situation, resulting in therapeutic models that have a tendency to construct and perpetuate the very pathologies the psychologist is seeking to treat.
Automatic Commercial Monitoring for TV Broadcasting Using Audio Fingerprinting

In this paper, an automatic commercial monitoring system using audio flngerprinting is proposed. The goal of the commercial monitoring system is to identify the title and the exact duration of commercials in real-time. To achieve this, only the audio is considered. The audio is easy to handle in real-time and can provide high accuracy for commercial identiflcation. More precisely, the spectral subband centroids are extracted from an audio part of a commercial and indexed using the K-D tree algorithm. To detect aired commercials robustly, a four-step veriflcation method using the indexed tree of the commercials is proposed. Experimental results show that the proposed system is robust against degradations during the real broadcasting and recording process and thus can fulflll the commercial monitoring satisfactorily.
TETRAVALENT s-TRANSITIVE GRAPHS OF ORDER TWICE A PRIME POWER

Abstract A graph is s-transitive if its automorphism group acts transitively on s-arcs but not on (s+1)-arcs in the graph. Let X be a connected tetravalent s-transitive graph of order twice a prime power. In this paper it is shown that s=1,2,3 or 4. Furthermore, if s=2, then X is a normal cover of one of the following graphs: the 4-cube, the complete graph of order 5, the complete bipartite graph K5,5 minus a 1-factor, or K7,7 minus a point-hyperplane incidence graph of the three-dimensional projective geometry PG(2,2); if s=3, then X is a normal cover of the complete bipartite graph of order 4; if s=4, then X is a normal cover of the point-hyperplane incidence graph of the three-dimensional projective geometry PG(2,3). As an application, we classify the tetravalent s-transitive graphs of order 2p2 for prime p.
Effective and tunable light trapping in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells by employing Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles

Effective and tunable light trapping in organic solar cells (OSCs) has been demonstrated by employing Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles (NPs). A simple vacuum thermal annealing method has been employed to fabricate the Au-Ag alloy NPs with tunable molar ratio, and thereafter tunable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). The incorporation of the alloy NPs with an appropriate molar ratio into the OSCs structures supports amplification of the electric field near the particles surface through LSPR and results in an enhanced light absorption at the absorption wavelength region of the absorber owing to the near field coupling. The short-circuit photocurrent density of the alloy NPs-based OSCs is improved from 7.37 to 8.74 mA/cm2 compared to that of control OSCs, and the efficiency of 3.03% is obtained, which corresponds to an enhancement factor of 19%.
Coding of Layered Depth Images Representing Multiple Viewpoint Video

The multi-view video is a collection of multiple videos, capturing the same scene at different viewpoints. Since the data size of the multi-view video linearly increases as the number of cameras, it is necessary to develop an effective framework to compress, store, and transmit multi-view video data. Currently, most multi-view video coding algorithms are based on the H.264/AVC standard. However, we can exploit the three-dimensional depth information contained in multiple videos to efficiently encode multi-view video data. In this paper, we describe how to encode multi-view video data with depth information based on the framework using layered depth image (LDI). Index Terms -MPEG, H.264/AVC, multi-view video coding (MVC), layered depth image (LDI)
Seasonal mortality and the effect of body size : a review and an empirical test using individual data on brown trout

Summary 1. For organisms inhabiting strongly seasonal environments, over-winter mortality is thought to be severe and size-dependent, with larger individuals presumed to survive at a higher rate than smaller conspecifics. Despite the intuitive appeal and prevalence of these ideas in the literature, few studies have formally tested these hypotheses. 2. We here tested the support for these two hypotheses in stream-dwelling salmonids. In particular, we combined an empirical study in which we tracked the fate of individually-marked brown trout across multiple seasons and multiple years with a literature review in which we compiled the results of all previous pertinent research in stream-dwelling salmonids. 3. We report that over-winter mortality does not consistently exceed mortality during other seasons. This result emerged from both our own research as well as our review of previous research focusing on whether winter survival is lower than survival during other seasons. 4. We also report that bigger is not always better in terms of survival. Indeed, bigger is often worse. Again, this result emerged from both our own empirical work as well as the compilation of previous research focusing on the relationship between size and survival. 5. We suggest that these results are not entirely unexpected because self-sustaining populations are presumably adapted to the predictable seasonal variation in environmental conditions that they experience.
Identification of Non-textual Components in Technical Documents

We tackle the automatic identification of nontextual components such as tables, formulas, pseudo-code, and miscellaneous text in technical documents. We focus on documents in slide formats, which have been relatively under-explored in previous studies. Identification of non-textual components can provide better document representation for tasks such as clustering or information retrieval. We view this problem as an information extraction task and build a multi-classification model trained on texts extracted from PDF, PPT, and HTML. Our model can handle any format as long as it can be converted into line-preserving plain text. Our approach is evaluated intrinsically on the dataset we annotated and also extrinsically through clustering and document retrieval tasks, showing noticeable improvement on these tasks.
Molecular Diagnostic Studies of subjects from Dhemaji district of Assam in Lieu of Determination of frequency of Japanese Encephalitis (JE)

In the present investigation, total of 156 samples (112 blood samples and 44 CSF samples) were collected for investigation of JE. Amongst them, 53 samples were found to be JE positive; 81 samples were found to be negative and 22 samples were categorized in equivocal category (may turn into positive with progression of time). As per IgM Elisa results, in 53 positive JE samples, 7 were JE positive Vaccinated males, 8 were positive vaccinated females, 16 were JE positive non-vaccinated males, 15 were JE positive non vaccinated females, 1 male was JE positive having unknown vaccination status and 6 females were found to be JE positive with unknown vaccination status. It was found that JE positive patients were dominant from age levels 0-40 years. The results of DNA bands of RT-PCR of positive, negative and equivocal samples were found to be in correlation with that of IgM Elisa results. It was observed that, positive samples showed that prominent DNA bands in comparison to latent bands in equivocal samples. There was no DNA band observed in negative samples
Identification of novel GSK1070916 analogs as potential aurora B inhibitors: insights from molecular dynamics and MM/GBSA based rescoring

The discovery of promising targets for anticancer drug development has emerged with many potential enzymes. Among these, the aurora family of kinases has become a very lucrative target with some potential inhibitors in its arsenal. Recent findings show that targeting aurora B itself is sufficient to exhibit anticancer activity. When compared with other anticancer targets, aurora B has a very limited number of specific inhibitors. Recently GSK1070916 and reversine were discovered as promising new aurora B inhibitors. Amongst these GSK1070916 emerged as the most potent molecule targeting aurora B. Taking the scaffold of GSK1070916 as a reference, new molecules were designed by isosteric/bioisosteric and fragment based modifications. Furthermore, an accurate cross-platform docking, MM/GBSA based rescoring, molecular dynamics simulation were carried out to compare the binding conformation and affinities of the designed molecules with the references. Top two designed molecules showed better docking score and a better binding free energy profile as compared to reversine and GSK1070916 with the best ligand retaining conserved hydrogen bond and salt bridge interactions with Ala173, Ala233 and Lys122. The binding mode of top two designed ligands is relatively similar to that of reversine and GSK1070916. Molecular dynamics simulations proved that the identified hits are rather stable in the enzyme active site pocket, which further confirms the potential of the designed ligands as a specific target for aurora B. We believe that findings of this study will provide medicinal chemists with potential markers towards the design of potent anticancer drug design targeting aurora B and a broad range of aurora kinases.
Public support for hosting the Olympic Summer Games in Germany: The CVM approach

Cities and their respective regions must weigh the merits of hosting major sport events, including the Olympic Games. This paper presents a contingent valuation method estimate of the monetary value of intangible benefits to Germans of hosting the Olympic Summer Games. In a nationwide online survey, 6977 respondents said whether they would support a referendum to host the Games. The survey employed a payment card format containing monthly tax amounts to elicit individual willingness-to-pay for the Games over a five-year period. In the weighted sample, 26% expressed an average willingness-to-pay of €51. Willingness-to-pay varied widely across regions. Around Cologne, the average willingness-to-pay was €100. Interval data hurdle models reveal that policy consequentiality and various intangible benefits increased willingness-to-pay. Aggregate willingness-to-pay over a five-year period amounted to €46 billion which exceeded the estimated costs of the 2024 Summer Games for Hamburg. The findings have implications for policy makers since they show what regions within Germany most support hosting the Games.
Credit Allocation Under Economic Stimulus: Evidence from China

We study credit allocation across firms and its real effects during China’s economic stimulus plan of 2009–2010. We match confidential loan-level data from the nineteen largest Chinese banks with firm-level data on manufacturing firms. We document that the stimulus-driven credit expansion disproportionately favored state-owned firms and firms with a lower average product of capital, reversing the process of capital reallocation toward private firms that characterized China’s high growth before 2008. We argue that implicit government guarantees for state-connected firms become more prominent during recessions and can explain this reversal. Received August 23, 2017; editorial decision November 15, 2018 by Editor Philip Strahan.