Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nationalism Role on Local Brands Preference: Evidences from Turkey Clothes Market

Consumers decide which brands they should choose, and which brands they should forget every day. In a globalized marketplace, choices between worldwide and local brands are increasingly involved.Local brands link the domestic economy with the well-being of individuals so It could be useful from a financial point of perspective to create a shared identity among the people of a nation.The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of nationalism, the relationships between culture and society with the brands, and their impact on consumer preferences for local brands. This study contains 6 variables which are: National identity, Tradition and Personal cultural orientation, local Brand bias, Local Brands social value, Brand Relevance in the clothes market, Local brand loyalty.All the analysis Contacted by this research finalized that national identity has a strong relationship with local brand loyalty so if the local brands pay more attention to promoting their national identity that may lead to more linkage with consumers self-national identity which impact the loyalty for the local brands and in the end benefits the local brands preference and promote sales. Nationalism self-concept may include several variables, this study analyzed some of them like traditional and personal culture orientation, brand social value, and of course national identity. All of them proven to have a strong relationship with local brand loyalty, Therefore The more consumers feel about those variables, the more loyal they become toward local brands.As proven in this research the main factor impact consumer bias toward local bands is quality and price ratio which indicate consumer perceived price Is the most important factor that the consumer care about when the judge a local brand and is that price associate with the quality, they got from that price point.
Application of natural language processing with GQM and AHP approaches for requirements quality assessment

The quality of requirements is difficult to measure in an automated way because of need in reviews and subjective opinion of stakeholders. Plenty of attributes can be used to evaluate requirements quality, but most of them have vague meaning and no concrete metrics for measurement. We proposed a model based on a goal-question-metric approach to identify the most important quality attributes and its metrics, which can be calculated in an automated way. Text of requirements can be analyzed by natural language processing techniques to reveal weak words and phrases, which make sentence subjective and ambiguous. We proposed metrics for such quality attributes as unambiguity, subjectivity, singularity, completeness, and calculated indexes based on the number of words and sentences for the read-ability attribute. Analytic hierarchy process for complex decisions was applied to convert calculated metrics of every requirement into overall quality evaluation of requirement document according to customer’s priorities. Model was implemented in a prototype with focusing on adopting NLP techniques for Russian language and supporting external API.
Multiple Imputations of Missing Data in the Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI) – Pain or Gain

The Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI) is a composite index, aggregating data on the national level to measure a countrys performance in sustaining a healthy, livable environment. The resulting country ranking thus serves as a barometer for environmental sustainability. The paper addresses the problem of missing data in the construction of the index. Multiple imputation methods have been shown to avoid problems such as selection bias, underestimation and information loss associated with ad-hoc solutions like case deletion, mean substitution, best guess imputation, or regression methods. Multiple imputations using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques are applied to substitute missing observations with plausible pseudorandom samples from the conditional probability distribution of the missing data given the observed values. The indices calculated from the imputed datasets are combined to result in a final ESI ranking. Multiple imputations using MCMC are shown to yield similar results compared to the 2001 ESI ranking. An estimate of the variance of the index for each country, however, indicates that the presentation of the country ranking alone can be misleading. 1 The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the author and should not be attributed in any manner to the United Nations, to its affiliated organizations, or the countries they represent.
HIGH TEMPERATURE THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MAGNESIUM SILICIDE INVESTIGATED BY MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATION

The thermal properties are important for processing conversation heat energy to electricity of Magnesium Silicide (Mg2Si) thermoelectric material. This work, we investigate the thermal properties of Mg2Si by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The cluster atomic model was designed by using Mg512Si256 based on CaF2 structure for MD calculation. The Morse-type and Busing-Ida type were performed for inter-atomic interaction based on MXDORTO. Our calculated results composed lattice parameter, compressibility, linear thermal expansion coefficient, energy, heat capacity, and thermal conductivity, respectively, they present at versus temperature 300 – 1200 K. In addition, the heat flux auto-correlation and thermal conductivity depend on time correlation was presented. The calculated imply that the thermal conductivity of Mg2Si become to 1 W m 1 K at high temperature.
Reverse Effect of Zedoary Turmeric Oil Serum on Multidrug-resistant of Stomach Cancer Cell Line SGC7901/CDDP

Objective To study the reverse effect of zedoary turmeric oil serum on multidrug-resistant stomach cancer cell line SGC7901/CDDP.Methods Serum pharmacology method was used to prepare zedoary turmeric oil serum.Inhibitive effect of zedoary turmeric oil on the growth of SGC7901/CDDP cell was evaluated by MTT assay.MTT assay was also used to detect the changes of inhibitive effect of zedoary turmeric oil on the growth of SGC7901/CDDP cell and to calculate its resistance reversal folds.Results High-dose and medium-dose zedoary turmeric oil serum reverses the multi-drug resistance of the SGC7901/CDDP cells,with the reversal multiple folds being 6.06,2.61 respectively.Conclusion Zedoary turmeric oil serum may partially reverse the multidrug-resistant stomach cancer cell line SGC7901/CDDP.The reverse effects of high-dose zedoary turmeric oil serum groups are more obvious than those of medium-dose serum,indicating a dose-dependant manner.
AN EFFICIENT RECOVERY SCHEME FOR NODE OR LINK FAILURES IN REAL-TIME IP COMMUNICATIONS

Distributed real-time applications such as medical imaging, traffic control, and video conferencing demand hard guarantees on the message delivery latency and the recovery delay from component failures. In order to meet these requirements there exist number of schemes by reserving additional resources a priori along a backup channel which is disjoint with the primary path. A new method has been proposed for computing segmented backup for recovering from node and link failures in real-time IP communications. This paper compares the performance of proposed scheme with the schemes available in the literature for mesh and other topologies. It has been demonstrated that the proposed scheme gives better results on parameters like number of backup segments, percentage reuse of primary path and average hop count for failure notification. II. RELATED WORK Index Terms IP Networks, Fault Tolerance, Segmented Backup, Resilient Routing Layer, QoS with restoration. In this section, the work done towards finding precomputed backup paths for achieving routing resilience is reviewed. This section discusses the two significant schemes related to fault tolerance for the internet traffic. They are segmented backup [1] which is particular to real-time applications and resilient routing layers [2] which is for general IP traffic. In this section, we also discuss another scheme studied in this context i.e. QoS paths with restoration [5]. A. Overview of Segmented Backup In the reactive schemes for fault tolerance there are two different approaches for the computation of backup paths. First approach is end-to-end backup [6] in which backup paths are disjoint with respect to the primary path where primary path is the best path with respect to the criteria of the application. The data is transmitted on this path when no fault has occurred. In the second approach, the primary path is divided into many overlapping sub-paths. Alternate path computation is done by computing backups for these subpaths. Thus, recovery from faults in this scheme is confined to switching to the backup for the part of the primary path where the failure has occurred. Whenever there is a fault, the corresponding alternate path is activated to re-route the data. This approach is called local detouring [7]. Segmented backup [1] is a kind of a local detouring scheme in which multiple backup paths exist, each protecting a portion of the primary path.
Local adaptation and host – parasite interactions

TREE vol. 13, no. 6 June 1998 Copyright © 1998, Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. 0169-5347/98/$19.00 PII: S0169-5347(98)01358-5 the success of this programme is that all the microorganisms are maternally inherited. Preliminary evidence suggests that Wolbachia mediate CI in tsetse flies, and Aksoy believes that this can be used to drive genetically engineered s-symbionts into the tsetse fly population. The research is progressing well – the s-symbionts are in culture and express foreign genes and, after microinjection into pregnant flies, are transmitted to the progeny. The search is now on for a suitable gene product that will enable the s-symbionts to disrupt the transmission of the trypanosome parasite. One of the main problems confronting the use of Wolbachia to drive foreign genes into insect populations is the possibility that a target pest will already harbour one, or even two, Wolbachia strains. Work in the laboratory of Scott O’Neill (Dept of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University) has addressed this problem by establishing a triple infection in an already double-infected Drosophila population. The triple infection is stable and will replace both single and double infections, indicating that these ‘superinfections’ could be used to repeatedly sweep genes into insect populations. O’Neill is also concerned that many multiple infections are missed in the field because the current PCR-primers used to diagnose infection do not target a sufficiently variable gene. His laboratory has recently cloned a gene encoding a major surface protein from Wolbachia (the wsp gene), which is highly variable and should prove useful in selecting different Wolbachia strains to combine in multiple infections. Development of the wsp gene has already broken new ground; using antibodies raised to the recombinant protein, O’Neill has determined the tissue distribution of Wolbachia in several insect species. Contrary to previous assumptions, Wolbachia are not restricted to the gonads but are distributed throughout the somatic tissues, including the gut, salivary glands and haemolymph. In O’Neill’s words, ‘Wolbachia occupy the perfect cellular compartments for expressing and secreting gene products which would interfere with the ability of insects to transmit disease agents’. Of course, there is a long way to go before any benefits are realized from the use of Wolbachia in insect control. In particular, foreign genes have yet to be expressed in Wolbachia, and inconsistencies between field and laboratory trials need to be resolved. Nevertheless, these are exciting times for Wolbachia research, not least because the resurgence of several vector-transmitted diseases in recent years has highlighted the need for novel approaches to combat insect pests. If the current momentum can be maintained, and all the signs from this recent symposium are that it can, then Wolbachia could prove the ideal candidate to fulfil this need.
Consciousness Is (Probably) Still Only in the Brain, Even Though Cognition Is Not

There is increasing theoretical justification and empirical support for non-brain-centric approaches to cognition. The body, nonbiological tools, and environment are understood as playing causally significant roles in or are constitutive of many instances of cognition. Although not without critics, such non-brain-centric approaches are doing so well that some argue that not only is cognition situated, embodied, extended, and distributed (cognition) but so too is consciousness (consciousness). Here “cognition” refers to an organism’s abilities to engage with its world, which includes perceiving and acting skillfully, as well as capacities such as decision-making, planning, and reasoning. “Consciousness” refers to states of a system with subjective phenomenal character. Some defend Consciousness by appealing to affordances and complex systems theory. I argue that these do not support the claim that cognition entails consciousness. I then present phenomenological and neurophysiological considerations to think that consciousness is (probably) still only in the brain, even though cognition is not.
Heterogeneous Graph Convolutional Networks for Bipartite Graph Embedding

There has been relatively little research dedicated to bipartite graph embedding. Ar-guably, generic graph embedding methods like node2vec and LINE can also be applied to learn bipartite graph embeddings by ignoring the vertex features. However, real-world bi-partite graphs also concern the vertex features and the explicit and implicit relationship be-tween two types of entities, which usually exhibit different properties and patterns from other types of graph-structured data. Mean-while, convolution-based models such as GCN and R-GCN cannot apply to the bipartite graph due to the heterogeneity. To address these problems, in this work, we ﬁrst propose the Heterogeneous Graph Convolutional Network (HGCN) to learn graph representation for the bipartite graph. With this basic HGCN model, we then build a three-step cascaded HGCN architecture and two output models including the decoder model and the adversarial learning model. This architecture can learn both the explicit and implicit relation between two groups in the bipartite graph. Our evaluation on two large-scale bipartite graph datasets shows that HGCN can gain better learning representation performance than other methods such as Node2Vec and DeepWalk.
On the Relevance of Sequence Information for Decoding Facial Expressions of Pain and Disgust An Avatar Study

Since Ekman and Friesen published their Facial Action Coding System in 1978 the typical facial expressions of many mental states have been studied. However, most research concentrates on the set of action units present during some facial expression—the sequence of the action units is ignored. In this paper we investigate human facial expression decoding capabilities on videos of pain and disgust. Stimuli are videos taken of the emotional agent Amber of the EMBR system. Base condition is the simultaneous onset of all involved action units. Treatment conditions are all 6 sequential permutations of mouth, eye, and brow related action units. Additionally we compare the results with the decoding capabilities on still images taken at maximal intensity. The study with 87 subject shows that facial expressions of disgust are decoded with significantly higher accuracy (82.9%) than expressions of pain (72.0%, p < .000). For expressions of pain an ANOVA indicates that the simultaneous onset of action units improves rating accuracy. However, no difference between base and target conditions can be found for facial expressions of disgust. For all conditions the raters’ gender and age influences the accuracy significantly (p < .01). Across both expression types the rating accuracy is higher for videos (79.5%) than for stills (48.9%).
The Effects of Single versus Joint Evaluations on Causal Attributions

Recent research indicates that norms matter for ordinary causal attributions, although there is a good deal of debate concerning why they matter. One prominent account—that the impact of norms works via the salience of counterfactuals—has received support from a recent paper by Icard et al. (2017) reporting a new effect in cases where two agents perform symmetric actions that are each individually sufficient to bring about an outcome. But in four recent studies (Sytsma under review), I was unable to replicate these findings. In this paper I explore why, investigating a key difference between our studies: Icard et al. asked participants about just one agent (single evaluations), while I asked them about both agents (joint evaluations). I find that this difference helps explain the divergent findings, although the results remain problematic for Icard et al.’s view. Further I identity two evaluation effects: there is a general trend for the causal ratings in these cases to be lower when using single evaluations than when using joint evaluations, and this difference is larger when the agent asked about violates an injunctive norm. I consider four potential explanations of the impact of using single or joint evaluations and argue that determining the correct explanation has important implications for work concerning the effect of norms on causal attributions.
On Linking Fragments of Discourse to the Conceptual Metaphor LIFE IS A JOURNEY

LIFE IS A JOURNEY is one of the most popular families of metaphors explored by cognitive linguists. They usually concentrate on words which denote "vehicles", "ways", "movements", and "spatial references". A cognitive map of life, perceived as a journey, has been designed by Lakoff and Turner (1989), Gibbs (1994) and others. I would like to concentrate on unconventional expressions which can contribute to existing models of LIFE IS A JOURNEY. I will show how eshelon "echelon" (a Russian word for a special train which is usually used in war time) can be relevant for interpreting the way of life the hero chose to live. Examples have been drawn from modern Russian newspapers. I will also show how chains of metaphors in the context, may influence the processing of the Russian word eshelon "echelon". My major argument is that the source domain of metaphors often represents multiple layers of experience, e.g. eshelon "echelon" – means of travelling, special position of convoy vehicles in military time and "a mechanism". In the case of complex domains, a special procedure of blending semantic fields must be employed.
Effects of Essential Drug System on Primary Medical Institutions

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of Essential Drug Systems on primary medical institutions. METHODS: According to related regulations for primary medical institutions in Suggestions on the Implementation of National Essential Drug Systems, the problems on the implementation of Essential Drug System were analyzed and discussed. RESULTS: The concepts of essential drug were not promulgated widely. Present essential drug supply guarantee system had limitation and essential drug distribution was kept at low level. Essential drug quality guarantee system had not been established and compensation supporting measures weren’t carried out completely. Above problems affected the implementation of Essential drug system in primary medical institutions. CONCLUSIONS: Government should set up multi-channel compensation mechanism and comprehensive evaluation mechanism for drug bidding, and select distribution enterprise rationally. Government also should increase the proportion of medical cost reimbursement in primary medical institution and improve the propaganda of National Essential Drug System.
Effects of the extracts from Bupleurum Chinese DC on intracelluar free calcium concentration and vincristine accumulation in human hepatoma BEL-7402 cells

Objective: To explore the mechanism by which Bupleurum Chinese DC (BCDC) reverses the mutidrug resistance (MDR) of human hepatoma BEL-7402 cells by measuring intracellular concentrations of free calcium and vincristine (VCR). Methods: Intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca 2+]i) in human hepatoma BEL-7402 cells of different groups was measured by double wavelength spectrofluorometer with Fura-2/AM as the fluorescence indicator. Cellular VCR concentration after BCDC treatment was examined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results:Cellular VCR concentration in BEL-7402 cells was increased after treatment with 390 μg/ mL BCDC and 5μg/mL verapamil (VRP) compared with control,respectively (P0.01). VRP and 390μg/mL BCDC increased intracellular VCR from (57.212±0.032) pg/μL up to (60.145±0.028) pg/μL and (59.196±0.045)pg/μL,respectively. BCDC reduced [Ca 2+]i in human hepatoma BEL-7402 cells(P0.001). Conclusion:BCDC increased intracellular VCR concentration in BEL-7402 cells indicating that BCDC partly reversed MDR of BEL-7402 cells. Blockade of calcium channels may be one of the mechanisms by which BCDC reverses the MDR of human hepatoma BEL-7402 cells.
COMMENTARY Anabolic Interventions for Aging-Associated Sarcopenia

GING in humans is associated with a progressive decrease in skeletal muscle mass and strength (sarcopenia) that contributes to frailty and falls. The age-associated changes in body composition result from lower levels of anabolic hormones, neuromuscular alterations, and a general decline in muscle protein turnover (1‐3). The frailty of old age has emerged as an important public health problem because it impairs mobility and quality of life and increases the risk of falls and the use of health care resources (4 ‐ 6). Therefore, recent years have witnessed a growing interest in the use of anabolic interventions for augmenting muscle mass and function in older men.
Studies on Liver-protective and Choleretic Effect of Isodon lophanthoides var.gerardianus

Objective To study the protective effect of Isodon lophanthoides var.gerardianus on alcohol-induced and cholestasis-induced liver injury.Methods Acute alcohol liver injury model was made in mice by an oral administration of alcohol(56°,14 mL·kg-1),and then we observed the effects of Isodon lophanthoides var.gerardianus on serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase(ALT) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(AST) activities,liver malondia1dehyde(MDA) and organ indexes of liver.Chronic alcoholic-fatty liver model was induced by 50 % alcohol and high-fat feeding in rats,and the effects of Isodon lophanthoides var.gerardianus were evaluated by mortality and hepatic histological changes.Drug-stimulated bile secretion was determined in anesthetized rats.Acute cholestatic injury model was induced by bile duct ligation,and the effects of Isodon lophanthoides on this model were evaluated by mortality.Results The aqueous extract of Isodon lophanthoides var.gerardianus could significantly reduce the ALT and AST levels in alcohol-induced acute liver injury mice,decrease the mortality of chronic alcoholic fatty liver rats and alleviate liver injury.The extract could also stimulate the bile secretion in rats but had no effect on cholestasis-induced liver injury.Conclusion The aqueous extract of Isodon lophanthoides could attenuate alcohol-induced liver injury in mice or rats and improve the bile secretion in rats.