Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ethnic Tension Among Students and the Role of Leaders in Ethiopian Public Universities: Experiences and Reflections

Ethnic tension in this paper is used to discuss about the disagreements, the hatred, the conflicts, the distrusts, the fears and tensions which are there among University students who are gathered together for education purpose from different ethnic groups/nations and nationalities during their academic life. The practices are undertaking in Ethiopian Public Universities. Having about a nine-year experience of staying within different universities as a student and mostly as a university Instructor, I have experienced different challenges and practices during this long time stay in Universities regarding these ethnic based tensions, hatred and conflicts. Generally, from personal experiences and observations these tensions are caused by historical, political, economic, social, cultural, environmental and institutional related problems. Some among the many outputs of these tensions/conflicts are like loss of life, destruction of resources, disturbance of educational programmes and practices. It is believed that Human Resource managers have a lion share in stabilizing and preventing these devastating issues that deteriorates the generations’ national integrity, unity, love and affection. It is also assumed that it is up to the parents, teachers, managers and government who are supposed to develop good citizen, tolerance and mutual understanding, free and fair thinking and democratic culture among these students. Beside to this the Human resource managers are the frontier in educational institutions is solving these problems and producing standard manpower for companies and for the nation in addition to their business strategies. Keywords: Ethnic Tension, Ethnic Conflict, Organizational Leaders, Experiences and reflections
Beyond Price – An Exploration into the Factors That Drive Young Adults to Purchase Online

Bargain buys are often touted as the primary reason for shopping online, particularly in a country such has South African where disposable income is lower than that seen in developed countries. This study, however, digs deeper in order to explore the underlying factors that draw customers to acquire items online. The research also determines what items are frequently purchased and what marketers can do in order to optimize the experience for such shoppers. The research finds that tickets (airline, movie, etc) are the most popular items, followed by books, CDs and then electronic content and gadgets. The study also finds that experience of shopping online and familiarity with local e-tailers assist in lowering perceived risk. Other aspects such as increased convenience factors, web site quality and personal innovativeness also play a role in encouraging consumers to shop online. A gender divide was found to exist whereby male shoppers were more prone to transacting online than female shoppers. The mode of connection, on the other hand, was not found to be a significant influence. Finally, the study makes recommendations with respect to practical means through which marketers can further stimulate online sales in South Africa.
Radiofrequency based hyperthermia therapy: A centennial technique serving modern surgery

El uso de las corrientes electricas de radiofrecuencia (RF) para tratar quirurgicamente enfermedades tan diferentes como por ejemplo el cancer, las alteraciones del ritmo cardiaco o la hipermetropia ocular es relativamente reciente. Sin embargo, el mecanismo biofisico en que se basan estas tecnicas se conoce desde hace mas de 100 anos. Este articulo de divulgacion tiene por objetivo presentar de forma didactica y sencilla el uso de las corrientes de RF para producir calentamiento en tejidos biologicos con fines terapeuticos y quirurgicos. En primer lugar se presentan las bases biofisicas en las que se sustenta dicha aplicacion, y posteriormente se exponen diferentes ejemplos de aplicacion clinica actual de las corrientes de RF
Lamb wave-based probabilistic fatigue life prediction for riveted lap joints

This study presents a Lamb wave-based probabilistic fatigue life prediction for riveted lap joints. First, a brief introduction is given for the experiment of Lamb wave-based damage detection. Three damage sensitive features (correlation coefficient, amplitude change and phase change) are employed to correlate the fatigue crack size with Lamb wave signal. Then the probability of detection (POD) method is used to couple the actual crack size with the model predictions using Lamb wave signal. Considering the uncertainties of the initial crack size and crack growth parameters, Bayesian method and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation are applied to obtain the probabilistic fatigue life. In order to verify the reliability of the proposed probabilistic fatigue life prediction procedure, one set of experimental data is used for validation purpose.
Management of Adzuki bean beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis L.) using some botanicals, inert materials and edible oils in stored chickpea.

The present study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of some botanicals, inert materials and edible oils against Adzuki bean beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L. in stored chickpea. Four botanicals viz., Milletia ferruginea (Hochst) Backer (seed powder), Azadrachta indica A. Juss. (seed powder), Datura stramonium L. (seed and leaf powder), Chenopodium ambrosioides L. ( leaf powder) , three edible seed oils viz., Brassica juncea L. , Linum usitatissimum L. , Guizotia abyssinica L. and two inert materials such as wood ash and sand were used for the control against Adzuki bean beetle on stored chickpea. Malathion 5% dust and an untreated control check were included for comparison. The botanicals, inert materials and edible seed oils were caused high adult mortality, reduced egg laid, reduced F1 progeny emergence, low seed damage and low seed weight loss without affecting seed germination in stored chickpea grains . Seed powder of A . indica at the rate of 20 g kg and the leaf powder of C. ambrosioides at the rate of 40 g kg caused high adult mortality next to Malathion 5 % dust at the rate of 0.5g kg, while the other botanicals, inert materials and the oils showed better performance than the untreated check. B. juncea, L. usitatissimum and G. abyssinica seed oils applied at the rate of 5.0 ml k g resulted in high reduction in progeny emergence. Likewise, sand and wood ash at all the levels tested, gave effective inhibition in F1 progeny production. The biology of C. chinensis was also studied on chickpea and the results showed that 6 days of oviposition period, 49.5 percent of average number of eggs laid, 91.5 percent of eggs hatched, 79.5 percent of average number of adult emergence, 25.3 days of developmental period, 9.6 and 7.5 days of adult longevity for male and female beetles respectively. These results indicated that botanicals, inert materials and edible seed oils can effectively control Adzuki bean beetle, C. chinensis in stored chickpea.
Growth of Convection and Boundary Layers in Binary Mixtures

In binary mixtures exposed to gravitation and a large enough temperature gradient a complicated transition occurs from a pure heat-conducting to a convective state. During this transition, the spatiotemporal behaviour of the concentration field in the bulk of the layer and close to the boundaries varies dramatically, which is the main issue of this publication. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
The Analysis of Fourth Grade Primary Students' Reader Self-Perceptions in Terms of Gender and Preschool Educational Background.

The aim of this study was to analyse perceptions of fourth grade primary school students on their reading ability. In the study, screening model was used as a quantitative research method. The sample of this research was selected by convenience sampling. The sample consisted of 556 fourth grade students who received education in 8 public schools in 2014-2015 academic year in Tuzla, Pendik, Cekmekoy and Kadikoy districts, in Istanbul. A ‘personal information form’ and a ‘Reading Self-Perception Scale’ were used as data collection tools in this study. It is found that the readability level of scales and their sub-dimensions’ was convenient for the research according to item analysis. The data collected by personal information form and Reader Self-Perception Scale was analysed with SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) 23 statistical package program. For the analysis frequency and percentage distribution, mean square and standard deviation values, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and independent samples t-test were used. The general reader self-perception of fourth graders is at positive level. The highest level of reader self-perceptions is at ‘progress’. The general self-perception levels of students vary by gender. Also, the reader self-perceptions level of female students is higher than the reader self-perceptions level of male students. The reader self-perceptions of students vary by pre-school educational background. The students who have pre-school educational background have higher level of reader self-perception with its sub-dimensions than the students who don’t have pre-school educational background.
Non-radial symmetry of the transport system of Acropora corals

The branches of Acropora corals are formed by radially symmetric skeleton lined with soft tissue. However, the transport system does not conform to the same radial structure, but is bilaterally symmetric instead. The hydroplasm flows at constant velocity towards the apex (distally) along the upper side of the branch (facing the water surface) and towards the base of the branch (proximally) along its underside (facing the seabed). The axial and the largest canal do not play a major role in the transport of hydroplasm, however, if they do conduct any movement of fluid, it is directed proximally, i.e. towards the base of the branch. The results were obtained using the simple method of vital staining of broken off fragments of Acropora branches. Changing the position of the branch for a period of several weeks did not affect the pattern of hydroplasmic flow. How to cite this article: Marfenin N.N. 2015. Non-radial symmetry of the transport system of Acropora corals // Invert. Zool. Vol.12. No.1. P.53-59.
Contribution of Musculoskeletal Disorders to Chronic Lumbago in Parkinson's Disease

Purpose: To clarify the impact of bone metabolism disorder on lumbago in Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Methods: Data was retrospectively analyzed from 52 patients with PD in our outpatient clinic for more than 1 year (mean age, 63 ± 4 years old; mean duration from onset, 6.3 ± 0.8 years). Patients’ characteristics, comorbid musculoskeletal disorders, serum bone metabolism biomarkers, and bone mineral density were examined. Results: Twenty-one PD patients (40.2%) had chronic lumbago. Severe comptocormia and scoliosis were the most common musculosketal disorders in this group (47.6%) affected by lumbago, followed by osteoporosis (14.3%), compression fracture (4.8%). There was no significant difference in the duration of PD, body mass index, frequency of falls, bone mineral density, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b, osteocalcin, and N-terminal telopeptide between PD patients with or without chronic lumbago. Multivaritae logistic regression analysis identified the independent predictors of chroni lumbago in PD patients as Hoen-Yahr stage (odds ration [OR] = 2.794, 95%CI 1.103 - 7.076), and elevated serum 1,25-OH2 vitamin D level ([OR] = 0.92, 95%CI 0.86 - 98). Conclusion: Bone metabolism disorders are found to be associated with chronic lumbago in PD patients.
Pass-Efficient Randomized Algorithms for Low-Rank Matrix Approximation Using Any Number of Views

This paper describes practical randomized algorithms for low-rank matrix approximation that accommodate any budget for the number of views of the matrix. The presented algorithms, which are aimed at being as pass efficient as needed, expand and improve on popular randomized algorithms targeting efficient low-rank reconstructions. First, a more flexible subspace iteration algorithm is presented that works for any views $v \geq 2$, instead of only allowing an even $v$. Secondly, we propose more general and more accurate single-pass algorithms. In particular, we propose a more accurate memory efficient single-pass method and a more general single-pass algorithm which, unlike previous methods, does not require prior information to assure near peak performance. Thirdly, combining ideas from subspace and single-pass algorithms, we present a more pass-efficient randomized block Krylov algorithm, which can achieve a desired accuracy using considerably fewer views than that needed by a subspace or previously studied block Krylov methods. However, the proposed accuracy enhanced block Krylov method is restricted to large matrices that are either accessed a few columns or rows at a time. Recommendations are also given on how to apply the subspace and block Krylov algorithms when estimating either the dominant left or right singular subspace of a matrix, or when estimating a normal matrix, such as those appearing in inverse problems. Computational experiments are carried out that demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the presented algorithms.
Heavy metal induced gene expression in Brassicaceae

Plants require at least 14 mineral elements for their nutrition. These include the macronutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulphur (S) and the micronutrients boron (B), chlorine (Cl), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni) and molybdenum (Mo). These are generally obtained from the soil. Crop production is often limited by low bioavailability of essential mineral elements and/or the presence of excessive concentrations of potentially toxic heavy metals, such as Fe, Mn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb, Zn and Al in the soil solution. In the past few years, responses of plants to heavy metals have received increasing attention. On one hand due to industrial activities, toxic heavy metals such as Cd, Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb have been released into the biosphere and represent a widespread environmental pollution. High concentrations of heavy metals in the soil can inhibit plant growth and reduce crop yields, which can affect sustainable development severely. In order to study the molecular response of plants to heavy metals, the gene expression data of model crop plants especially in Brassicaceae family were analyzed by searching several databases available online. In the first part of this work the publicly available online resources for these plants from websites such as http://www.ncbi. nih.gov, http://www.tigr. org, http://www.brassica. info, and related sites were searched to collect nucleotide sequences that encode heavy metal ATPases and transporter protein homologues. The second part of this work focuses on the expression of these genes in plants grown at different concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Cd. Real time PCR (RT-PCR) experiments will be carried out to analyze the expression of these genes in roots and shoots of B. nigra and B. juncea treated with different concentrations of metals. Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassicaceae, phylogenetic tree, Metal ATPases, phytoremediation
Deterrence and constrained enforcement: Alternative regimes to deal with bribery

This study embeds transaction cost analysis into a Law and Economics model to produce general recommendations on how to deter bribery. Governments may deter bribery either by high penalties and risks of detection, potentially supported by leniency given to those who report their infraction (deterrence regime). Another local optimum is achieved if the government amplifies the risk of opportunism, aggravating the difficulties of enforcing a bribe transaction. This involves a low probability of detection and allowing offenders to keep their ill-gotten gains. If bribes are paid upfront bribe taking will face only mild punishment (constrained enforcement regime).
The Effect of Masking the Prime in Orthographic and Semantically Related Pairs : An Interactive Activation Account

Visual word recognition studies rely on priming tasks to examine underlying processes within the lexical system. A commonly used method is the lexical decision task, where participants are presented with a letter string that is either a familiar word or a meaningless non word such asfost. Response times are measured for the time taken to decide if the letter string is a word or a non word. The word the participant responds to is the target, while the preceding word is referred to as the prime. There are three types of priming conditions reported here. First, semantic priming where a target in the pair chair-table is recognised faster than the target in the pair horse-table. Semantic priming studies are considered to reflect later processes in word recognition, which can occur after primes have been identified. A second paradigm is orthographic priming, where the target in a word pair sharing letters, such as fable-table, is recognised faster than the target item in the control pair shoot-table, in which no letters overlap. Orthographic priming appears to be more robust in a masked condition. That is, the prime stimulus is presented so briefly and in close proximity to other visual features that it cannot be readily recognised. The reason targets in orthographically related pairs are more likely to be facilitated when the prime is masked is unresolved. This work addresses this question by examining what effect the mask can have on the processing of the prime. There are two opposing views. Firstly, it is assumed word recognition occurs over time, and when a mask appears shortly after a word has been presented, further processing of the prime immediately ceases. However, because the prime has already been perceived by the system to sorrie degree, it is said to be partially activated. This partial activation can persist for a brief
Blind Identification for Communication Signals: An Approach Exploiting Sampling Phase Diversity

This paper presents a second-order blind channel estimation algorithm for digital communication signals under natural asynchronous conditions where no synchronization exists between transmitting and receiving antennas. The approach exploits sampling phase diversity provided by the cyclostationary nature of the received signals as an advantageous means of constructing multiple sets of distinct autocorrelation matrices evaluated at equals time lags. Channel estimation is then performed via joint diagonalization of a set of differential autocorrelation target matrices, avoiding the need of noise power or statistical distribution estimation. A broad set of simulation experiments is presented in distinctive signal contexts as a means of supporting and evidencing the potential of the proposed estimation method.
Identification of critical sediment source areas across the Gharesou watershed, Northeastern Iran, using hydrological modeling

In this study, the process-based watershed model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), was used for simulating hydrology and sediment transport in the Gharesou watershed and for identifying critical areas of soil erosion and water pollution. After model calibration and uncertainty analysis using SUFI-2 (Sequential Uncertainty Fitting, ver. 2) method, the outputs of the calibrated model were used for assessing critical sediment source areas. Three pollution quantifying indices including a Load Impact Index (LII), a Concentration Impact Index (CII), and a load per nit area impact index (LUII), were computed based on the model outputs. The results indicated that despite lack and uncertainty of available data, SWAT model performance in simulating sediment transport in Gharesou watershed is quite acceptable. During calibration, the simulated monthly sediment loads matched the observed values with a Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of 0.24 and PBIAS of - 17%. The values for validation period were 0.2 and -12.1% respectively, indicating the model’s weakness in simulating sediment dynamics and its capability in predicting average sediment load. Assessing spatial pattern of sediment indices showed that, in general, critical sub-watersheds based on LII are located in downstream areas of the watershed while sensitive subwatersheds in terms of CII are situated in the middle part and critical areas with respect to LUII are in upstream. On the basis of LUAII, eight percent of the watershed area yields about 60% of sediment load. Implementation of appropriate conservation practices in the critical areas has the potential to significantly reduce erosion and sediment transport.
When Should Developing Countries Announce Their Climate Policy?

This paper provides a rationale for developing countries to announce future credible commitments to reduce GHG emissions even if these are not to materialize in the short run, and for domestic reasons only. A simple framework is presented in which it is shown that it may be costly for an economy to transition from high to low emissions; and that, if climate policy eventually will be enacted, then it may be better for countries to commit earlier and therefore eliminate the uncertainty for the private sector to invest appropriately in clean technologies. In particular, conditions are shown under which the private investor prefers a pre-announced climate policy, and how this policy affects investment decisions and the deployment of clean technologies.
Stock Returns Reaction to Dividend and Earnings Announcement: Which Event Provide More Predictive Information to Investor’s

The objective of this study is to reduce the uncertainty involved in firm’s future earnings performance by scrutinizing the impact of dividend and earnings announcement on stock returns by assembling data from the official website of Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) over the period 2010-2014. The study employed event study methodology to examine the effect of dividend and earnings announcement on the stock returns around the 41-days event window of both pre and post announcement. The research results revealed that after the dividend announcement, stock prices move upward which is statistically significant and support the dividend signalling theory but in case of earnings announcement the persistent downward drift of stock prices in the post announcement period is observed which is statistically insignificant and offer some support for behavioral finance theory. Overall, the result confirmed that dividend announcement provide more predicative information than the earnings announcement around the firm’s future earnings performance. The study have implications for investors, policy makers and shareholders for their proper strategic decision making to uncovered the uncertainty about the firm’s future earnings performance. Keywords : Dividend Announcement; Earnings Announcement; Stock Returns; Signalling Effects; Event Study. JEL Classification: G35; G17; G32 ;
Bitcoin and other cryptocurrency as an instrument of crime in cyberspace

Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies transformed the trade in illegal goods, especially drugs. Thanks to them in conjunction with other anonymization tools could arise dark markets, illegal marketplaces in cyberspace. Despite active intervention by the authorities, their number and quantity of goods on offer is growing significantly. Besides, we observed a tendency to change the structure of the drug market. This article is next to the description of the operation of dark markets based on identified trends and look to the future of how will dark markets look like.