Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Can Next-generation Sequencing Replace Fecal Immunochemical Tests or CT in the Screening of Colorectal Cancer and Advanced Adenoma?

OBJECTIVE To explore the feasibility of next-generation sequencing (NGS) for the screening of colorectal cancer (CRC) and advanced adenoma (AA). STUDY DESIGN Observational study. Place and Duration of the Study: Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, from June 2019 to February 2020. METHODOLOGY Patients who met inclusion and exclusion criteria were divided into three groups: CRC, AA, and control group. Then, the gene methylation status in the blood in the CRC, AA, and control group was analysed by NGS, and the CRC screening risk assessment model was used for comprehensive analysis. Afterwards, the methylated haplotype index (PHF Index) was calculated, and the screening results of the patients were classified as positive or negative, according to the score. The clinicopathological results were used as the gold standard, and the screening results for NGS were compared with the computed tomography (CT) and fecal immunochemical test (FIT) to text its feasibility. RESULTS NGS has a certain detection ability for CRC, with a sensitivity of 57.1% (8/14). This was higher than that of FIT and CT, and the combined positive rate of these three methods could reach 92.3% (12/13). The sensitivity of detection of AA could reach up to 75.0% (6/8) after combining with FIT and CT. The positive rate of the NGS test for postoperative CRC was 23.1% (3/13), which was significantly lower than preoperative CRC. The sensitivity of CT for preoperative CRC detection was only 45.5% (5/11), but the specificity could reach up to 98.2% (55/56), which was higher than NGS (71/78, 91.0%) and FIT (27/33, 81.8%). CONCLUSION Although NGS cannot replace FIT and CT at present, this provides a new effective and auxiliary detection method for people who are unsuitable or unwilling to receive colonoscopy. Key Words: Colorectal neoplasms, Adenoma, High-throughput nucleotide sequencing, Mass screening, Fecal immunochemical tests, Computed tomography.
User Perspectives of Mood-Monitoring Apps Available to Young People: Qualitative Content Analysis

Background Mobile health apps are increasingly available and used in a clinical context to monitor young people’s mood and mental health. Despite the benefits of accessibility and cost-effectiveness, consumer engagement remains a hurdle for uptake and continued use. Hundreds of mood-monitoring apps are publicly available to young people on app stores; however, few studies have examined consumer perspectives. App store reviews held on Google and Apple platforms provide a large, rich source of naturally generated, publicly available user reviews. Although commercial developers use these data to modify and improve their apps, to date, there has been very little in-depth evaluation of app store user reviews within scientific research, and our current understanding of what makes apps engaging and valuable to young people is limited. Objective This study aims to gain a better understanding of what app users consider useful to encourage frequent and prolonged use of mood-monitoring apps appropriate for young people. Methods A systematic approach was applied to the selection of apps and reviews. We identified mood-monitoring apps (n=53) by a combination of automated application programming interface (API) methods. We only included apps appropriate for young people based on app store age categories (apps available to those younger than 18 years). We subsequently downloaded all available user reviews via API data scraping methods and selected a representative subsample of reviews (n=1803) for manual qualitative content analysis. Results The qualitative content analysis revealed 8 main themes: accessibility (34%), flexibility (21%), recording and representation of mood (18%), user requests (17%), reflecting on mood (16%), technical features (16%), design (13%), and health promotion (11%). A total of 6 minor themes were also identified: notification and reminders; recommendation; privacy, security, and transparency; developer; adverts; and social/community. Conclusions Users value mood-monitoring apps that can be personalized to their needs, have a simple and intuitive design, and allow accurate representation and review of complex and fluctuating moods. App store reviews are a valuable repository of user engagement feedback and provide a wealth of information about what users value in an app and what user needs are not being met. Users perceive mood-monitoring apps positively, but over 20% of reviews identified the need for improvement.
Liver transplantation from brain‐dead donors on mechanical circulatory support: a systematic review of the literature

Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) refers to a range of rescue devices to assist circulation for the treatment of heart failure, including venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO) and ventricular assist devices (VADs). This review aims at evaluating the transplant outcome of the livers procured from brain‐dead donors on MCS, who are currently considered as having extended criteria. We identified 22 records (17 on VA‐ECMO and 5 on VADs), most of which (68.2%) were case reports. We performed a meta‐analysis only when the outcome was reported homogeneously among studies; otherwise, we illustrated the results with narrative synthesis. A total of 156 liver transplants (LTs) have been reported, where VA‐ECMO was initiated in the donor with resuscitative intent or as a bridge to donation. Early graft survival approached 100% in most studies. The pooled rate of primary nonfunction was 1% (95% CI: 0–3%). Only three successful LTs from VAD donors have been reported. Particular attention should be paid to cardiological history, biochemical tests, and imaging, as well as MCS parameters, to determine graft eligibility for transplantation. Although further analysis is needed in this field, the results of this review advocate a more systematic consideration of brain‐dead patients on MCS as potential liver donors.
Contributions of Grape Phenols to Oxygen Absorption and Browning of Wines

The reaction of oxygen with wine in its normal acidic condition was in proportion to the total phenol content if the wine samples differed considerably in phenol content, but the reaction was fairly slow and did not reach an end-point in a convenient length of time even at an elevated temperature. Maximum oxygen consumption by wines made very alkaline was rapid, and reproducible values were obtained with a Warburg technique. These values were of the order of 200-600 cc O2/l for red table wines and 50-100 cc O2/l for white table wines. The oxygen consumption per unit phenol of wines or different purified phenol fractions under alkaline conditions was not constant, indicating differences related to the relative content of specific phenolic substances. All phenolic fractions tested did, however, absorb considerable oxygen, and white wines took up relatively more oxygen per unit phenol than did red wine. Studies of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic browning indicated that the catechin fraction was most important in browning. The catechin fraction's oxidation products appear to be capable of accounting for the color of most white wines, whether very light or a dark amber. An analytical technique using the vanillin versus Folin-Ciocalteu assays has also been proposed as a criterion of a wine's tendency to brown.
JEM: A joint test to estimate the effect of multiple genetic variants on DNA methylation

Multiple methods have been proposed to aggregate genetic variants in a gene or a region and jointly test their association with a trait of interest. However, these joint tests do not provide estimates of the individual effect of each variant. Moreover, few methods have evaluated the joint association of multiple variants with DNA methylation. We propose a method based on linear mixed models to estimate the joint and individual effect of multiple genetic variants on DNA methylation leveraging genomic annotations. Our approach is flexible, can incorporate covariates and annotation features, and takes into account relatedness and linkage disequilibrium (LD). Our method had correct Type‐I error and overall high power for different simulated scenarios where we varied the number and specificity of functional annotations, number of causal and total genetic variants, frequency of genetic variants, LD, and genetic variant effect. Our method outperformed the family Sequence Kernel Association Test and had more stable estimations of effects than a classical single‐variant linear mixed‐effect model. Applied genome‐wide to the Framingham Heart Study data, our method identified 921 DNA methylation sites influenced by at least one rare or low‐frequency genetic variant located within 50 kilobases (kb) of the DNA methylation site.
Lactoferrin Concentration in Human Tears and Ocular Diseases: A Meta-Analysis

Purpose To evaluate the potential of lactoferrin (Lf) as a diagnostic biomarker for ocular diseases using a meta-analytic approach. Methods All original studies reporting an estimate of the average Lf concentration in healthy subjects and those affected by ocular diseases were searched up to March 2020. The DerSimonian and Laird method was used to calculate the random effects pooled mean difference and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) in Lf concentration between healthy subjects and those affected by dry eye (DE), Sjögren syndrome (SS), and diabetic retinopathy, separately. The presence of between-study heterogeneity was evaluated using the Cochran's Q test and the I2 index. Stratified analyses were performed to assess potential sources of heterogeneity and influence and cumulative analyses to evaluate the robustness of the results obtained. Publication bias was also evaluated using funnel plot and the Egger's test. Results The pooled mean differences in Lf concentrations between healthy subjects and those with DE, Sjögren syndrome, and diabetic retinopathy were respectively 0.62 (95% CI, 0.35–0.89) for DE, 3.78 (95% CI, −6.64 to 14.17), and 0.19 (95% CI, −4.00 to 4.39). Regarding DE, the stratified analysis showed that geographical area (P value Q test < 0.0001) and sample size (P < 0.0005) were sources of heterogeneity. Moreover, no study substantially influenced the results obtained and the pooled mean difference became statistically significant after a sample size of 220. Publication bias may affect the results of DE. Conclusions The results of the current meta-analysis suggest that Lf level in tears is a good candidate as dry eye syndrome diagnostic biomarker.
Vital Sign Monitoring in Car Seats Based on Electrocardiography, Ballistocardiography and Seismocardiography: A Review

This paper focuses on a thorough summary of vital function measuring methods in vehicles. The focus of this paper is to summarize and compare already existing methods integrated into car seats with the implementation of inter alia capacitive electrocardiogram (cECG), mechanical motion analysis Ballistocardiography (BCG) and Seismocardiography (SCG). In addition, a comprehensive overview of other methods of vital sign monitoring, such as camera-based systems or steering wheel sensors, is also presented in this article. Furthermore, this work contains a very thorough background study on advanced signal processing methods and their potential application for the purpose of vital sign monitoring in cars, which is prone to various disturbances and artifacts occurrence that have to be eliminated.
Neurovascular Coupling Impairment in Heart Failure with Reduction Ejection Fraction

The hemodynamic consequences of a persistent reduced ejection fraction and unknown cardiac output on the brain have not been thoroughly studied. We sought to explore the status of the mechanisms of cerebrovascular regulation in patients with heart failure with reduced (HFrEF) and recovered (HFrecEF) ejection fraction. We monitored cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) with transcranial Doppler and blood pressure. Cerebral autoregulation, assessed by transfer function from the spontaneous oscillations of blood pressure to CBFV and neurovascular coupling (NVC) with visual stimulation were compared between groups of HFrEF, HFrecEF and healthy controls. NVC was significantly impaired in HFrEF patients with reduced augmentation of CBFV during stimulation (overshoot systolic CBFV 19.11 ± 6.92 vs. 22.61 ± 7.78 vs. 27.92 ± 6.84, p = 0.04), slower upright of CBFV (rate time to overshoot: 1.19 ± 3.0 vs. 3.06 (4.30) vs. 2.90 ± 3.84, p = 0.02); p = 0.023) and reduced arterial oscillatory properties (natural frequency 0.17 ± 0.06 vs. 0.20 ± 0.09 vs. 0.24 ± 0.07, p = 0.03; attenuation 0.34 ± 0.24 vs. 0.48 ± 0.35 vs. 0.50 ± 0.23, p = 0.05). Cerebral autoregulation was preserved. The neurovascular unit of subjects with chronically reduced heart pumping capability is severely dysfunctional. Dynamic testing with transcranial Doppler could be useful in these patients, but whether it helps in predicting cognitive impairment must be addressed in future prospective studies.
NH‐sulfoximine: A novel pharmacological inhibitor of the mitochondrial F1Fo‐ATPase, which suppresses viability of cancerous cells

The mitochondrial F1Fo‐ATPsynthase is pivotal for cellular homeostasis. When respiration is perturbed, its mode of action everts becoming an F1Fo‐ATPase and therefore consuming rather producing ATP. Such a reversion is an obvious target for pharmacological intervention to counteract pathologies. Despite this, tools to selectively inhibit the phases of ATP hydrolysis without affecting the production of ATP remain scarce. Here, we report on a newly synthesised chemical, the NH‐sulfoximine (NHS), which achieves such a selectivity.
Rabbit Lines Divergently Selected for Total Body Fat Content: Correlated Responses on Growth Performance and Carcass Traits

Simple Summary The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of selection for total body fat content and its effect on productive and carcass traits. Growing rabbits were selected for high or low body fat content. The selection was effective, and the difference in fat reserves (perirenal fat and scapular fat content) increased with each generation. After four generations, the feed conversion rate improved, and the ratios of fore and hind parts increased in lean rabbits. Selection for lower total body fat content could be useful for customers who want to buy animals and meat with lower fat content; while selection for higher fat content could be advantageous for rabbit does because they have more fat (energy) deposits which are in positive connection with maternal ability and a longer lifespan. Abstract The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of divergently selected rabbits for total body fat content (fat index) on growth performance and carcass traits. The fat index was determined at 10 weeks of age by computed tomography and lasted for four consecutive generations. The rabbits with the lowest fat index belonged to the lean line and those of the highest values belonged to the fat line. At generation four, 60 rabbits/line were housed in wire-mesh cages and fed with commercial pellet ad libitum from weaning (5 w of age) to slaughtering (11 w of age). Growth performance, dressing out percentage and carcass adiposity were measured. The lean line showed a better feed conversion ratio (p < 0.001) than the fat line. Furthermore, the carcass of the lean rabbits had the highest proportion of fore (p < 0.020) and hind (p < 0.006) parts. On the contrary, rabbits of the fat line had the highest carcass adiposity (p < 0.001). The divergent selection for total body fat content showed to be effective for both lean and fat lines. Selection for lower total body fat content could be useful for terminal male lines, while the selection for higher total body fat content could be an advantage for rabbit does in providing fat (energy) reserves.
Light-switched reversible emulsification and demulsification of oil-in-water Pickering emulsions.

Pickering emulsions have been shown to be an excellent platform for interfacial catalysis. However, developing simple and efficient strategies to achieve the goal of product separation and catalyst and emulsifier recovery is still a challenge. Herein, we report for the first time the switchable transition between emulsification and demulsification triggered by UV and visible light in a novel class of light-responsive Pickering emulsions fabricated from Pd supported silica nanoparticles, azobenzene ionic liquid surfactant, n-octane and water. It is shown that light-switchable emulsification and demulsification of the Pickering emulsions is attributed to the adsorption of azobenzene ionic liquid surfactant on the surface of the nanoparticles and the light switched surface activity of the ionic liquid surfactant. This feature enables the Pickering emulsion to be used as an easily controlled micro-reactor with the functions of catalytic reaction, product separation as well as emulsifier and catalyst recycling. As an example, highly efficient catalytic hydrogenation of some unsaturated hydrocarbons at room temperature and atmospheric pressure has been performed in this system, with product separation and emulsifier and catalyst re-use achievable in a simple way.
Characterization of Hormone-Dependent Pathways in Six Human Prostate-Cancer Cell Lines: A Gene-Expression Study

Prostate cancer (PCa), the most incident cancer in men, is tightly regulated by endocrine signals. A number of different PCa cell lines are commonly used for in vitro experiments, but these are of diverse origin, and have very different cell-proliferation rates and hormone-response capacities. By analyzing the gene-expression pattern of main hormone pathways, we systematically compared six PCa cell lines and parental primary cells. We compared these cell lines (i) with each other and (ii) with PCa tissue samples from 11 patients. We found major differences in the gene-expression levels of androgen, insulin, estrogen, and oxysterol signaling between PCa tissue and cell lines, and between different cell lines. Our systematic characterization gives researchers a solid basis to choose the appropriate PCa cell model for the hormone pathway of interest.
Seeking and Bioinformatics Analysis of Microsatellite Sequence in the Genomes of Cow and Sheep

The complete microsatellite sequence were searched by using MSDB v2.4(Microsatellite Search and Building Database)in cow(Bos taurus)and sheep(Ovis aries)genomes,and their number,frequency,density and distribution were comparatively analyzed by bioinformatics in the study.Microsatellite(Short tandem repeats,STRs)number in cow and sheep were 806 272and 682 891loci,respectively,which respectively account for 4.78‰ and 4.80‰ of whole genome length.The overall STRs number was comparable in each chromosome of cow and sheep.In cow genome,the largest STRs number was found in chromosome 1followed by chromosome 2,3,4,5and 6,and the smaller STRs number was in chromosome 25and 28.In sheep genome,the largest STRs number was also found in chromosome 1followed by chromosome 2,3 and chromosome X,and the smaller STRs number was in chromosome 24,25and 26.There were highly positive correlation between chromosome length and STRs numbers in cow and sheep genomes(r0.80,P=0.000). The different STRs repeat types in cow and sheep genomes,mononucleotide repeat type motifs was the most abundance,followed by dinucleotide,trinucleotide, pentanucleotide,tetranucleotide and hexanucleotide repeat types.Repeat copy category of A, AC,AT,AGC,ACG,AAC,AAT,AAAT,AAAC,AAAG were predominate in cow and sheep genomes,whereas repeat motifs of C,CG,AGT,CCG,ACT,AACG,AAGC,AACC, AACT,ACCG,AGCT,AGCG,CCGG and CCCG were rare in cow and sheep genomes.
Transcriptome analysis of the growth performance of hybrid mandarin fish after food conversion

During recent years, China has become a hotspot for the domestication of mandarin fish, and this is of great commercial value. Although the food preference of domesticated mandarin fish has been studied, little is known about genes regulating their growth. We raised hybrid mandarin fish on artificial feed for 3 months, the results showed that the survival rate of hybrid mandarin fish was 60.00%. Their total length and body weight were 18.34 ±0.43 cm and 100.44 ±4.87 g. The absolute length and weight gain rates were 0.14 cm/d and 1.08 g/d, respectively. Finally, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed to identify potential genes and pathways activated in response to growth performance. The transcriptome analysis generated 68, 197 transcripts and 45,871 unigenes. Among them, 1025 genes were up-regulated and 593 genes were down-regulated between the fast- and slow-growth fish. Finally, we obtained 32 differentially expressed genes, which were mainly related to fatty acid biosynthesis (e.g. FASN and ACACB), collecting duct acid secretion (e.g. ATP6E and KCC4), cell cycle (e.g. CDC20 and CCNB), and the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system (IGFBP1). These pathways might be related to the growth of hybrid mandarin fish. In addition, more potential single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in the fast-growth fish than in the slow-growth fish. The results suggest that the interaction of metabolism and abundant alleles might determine the growth of hybrid mandarin fish after food conversion.
Differences in rearfoot, midfoot, and forefoot kinematics of normal foot and flatfoot during running

Flatfoot is a common foot deformity, which could contribute to running injuries such as medial tibial stress syndrome. Intrafoot kinematics of flatfoot during walking have often been documented using multisegment foot models. However, the intrafoot kinematics of flatfoot during running remains unclear, despite the possible relationship between flatfoot and running injuries. We aimed to clarify rearfoot, midfoot, and forefoot kinematics when running in participants with normal foot and flatfoot. Participants with the normal foot (n = 14) and flatfoot (n = 14) were asked to runover‐ground at their preferred speed. Three‐dimensional kinematics of the rearfoot, midfoot, and forefoot during running were calculated based on the Rizzoli foot model. A two‐sample t‐test of statistical parametric mapping was performed to determine differences between normal foot and flatfoot in time histories of intrafoot kinematics during running. No differences were found between groups in characteristics and spatiotemporal parameters. In the frontal rearfoot angle, a significantly increased eversion from 24% to 100% (p < .001) was observed in the flatfoot compared to the normal foot. At the midfoot angle, a significantly increased eversion from 0% to 4% (p < .049) and 21% to 100% (p < .001) was observed in the flatfoot compared to the normal foot. At the forefoot angle, a significantly increased inversion from 6% to 17% (p < .047) was observed in the flatfoot compared to the normal foot. These findings may be useful to explain why flatfoot could contribute to running injuries such as medial tibial stress syndrome.