Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multilevel Nonsuperconducting Fault Current Limiter: Analysis and Practical Feasibility

A new topology for nonsuperconducting fault current limiter (NSFCL) based on multilevel switching strategy is proposed in this paper. The proposed multilevel NSFCL circuit aims to control the high-level fault current by inserting different resistances in the circuit. Due to interrupting the fault current based on multilevel switching strategy which results in the decrement of switching numbers, power loss will be reduced and lifetime of the utility devices will be increased. The proposed NSFCL structure has the capability of limiting the fault current based on obtained quantities from current sensors. The proposed NSFCL topology which has no effect on voltage and load currents of the utility, ensures a high level system protection. The analysis of normal and fault conditions of the proposed multilevel NSFCL have been provided and experimental results are demonstrated to prove feasibility of the proposed structure.
Cyclosporin enhancement of cisplatin chemotherapy in patients with refractory gynecologic cancer. A gynecologic oncology group study

Background. Cyclosporin has been demonstrated to reverse resistance to several antineoplastic agents including cisplatin in vitro. The purpose of this Phase I trial was to study the potential clinical application of cyclosporin modulation of cisplatin and to establish a tolerable dose of cyclosporin when combined with a standard dose of cisplatin of 75 mg/m2.
Large granular lymphocytes in the liver

Considerable numbers of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) were isolated from rat liver by a simple method consisting of sinusoidal lavage at elevated (50 cm water column) perfusion pressure. This method gave a yield comparable with the enzymatic dissociation method commonly used for the isolation of nonparenchymal liver cells, but was shorter in time and had the advantage of avoiding the potentially harmful effects of the dissociating enzymes. The isolated LGL were highly cytotoxic against YAC‐1 lymphoma cells and this cytolytic activity was blocked by treatment of the effector cells with an antibody against natural killer cells (anti‐asialo GMI). We characterized the hepatic LGL as nonphagocytic, nonadherent, per‐oxidase‐negative and acid phosphatase‐positive cells which could be enriched in the low‐density fraction of a Percoll gradient. At the light micro‐ scopic level, they showed characteristic azuro‐ philic granules, which corresponded to strongly osmiophilic granules with a specific morphology in electron microscopy. It is concluded that these LGL are identical to the “pit cells” which were formerly described by electron microscopy in situ as normal components of the liver sinusoids and which are easily recognized by their fine structure. It is also proposed that the liver may represent one of the major natural killer organs.
Why we don't know the answer may be more important than the specific question.

Kemperman et al. (1) have evaluated the relationship of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP; measured by the Bayer assay) and N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP; measured by the Roche assay) in patients treated with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). They report that the relationship of the results of the two assays changes after prolonged support on a LVAD. Before LVAD use, the ratio of NT-proBNP to BNP is higher than after improvements in hemodynamics with use of the LVAD. They suggest that the initial high ratio reflects impaired renal clearance of NT-proBNP because of abnormal hemodynamics and that the subsequent decrease in the ratio reflects improved renal clearance in response to LVAD support. This may be the case and is one reasonable interpretation of the data given that glomerular filtration was significantly, although modestly, reduced in most patients before use of the LVAD. This hypothesis is consistent with other data suggesting a relationship between BNP and NT-proBNP and renal function (2). However, other explanations are possible, relating to the characteristics of the assays themselves and to physiologic factors in this special group of patients. Many of the issues we will raise ideally should have been explored during the development of the natriuretic assays themselves or during their clinical validation. Thus, there is a need not only to reflect on the specific issues related to BNP and NT-proBNP in patients with impaired renal function but also to ask why, so often, the critical analytical and clinical data that would help answer questions like this are not available in the literature. Initial analytical validation studies tend to be designed to allow an assay to be shown to be useful and/or to pass regulatory muster. There is then some attempt to define a normal reference interval and ultimately an attempt to find a clinical niche …
Use of bisphosphonate therapy for osteoporosis in childhood and adolescence *

Abstract: Congenital and acquired forms of osteoporosis in childhood and adolescence can result in morbidity from fracture and pain in childhood, and place an individual at significant risk for problems in adult life. A range of therapies exist for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, including optimization of daily calcium intake, adequate vitamin D status, weight‐bearing exercise, treatment with sex steroids where delayed puberty is a problem and, more recently, use of bisphosphonate therapy. Intravenous pamidronate therapy (a bisphosphonate) has been shown to reduce fractures and improve bone density in children with osteogenesis imperfecta, and might prove to be of benefit in other osteoporotic conditions in childhood. However, a number of issues regarding the optimal use of bisphosphonate therapy in children and adolescents remain to be resolved, including total annual dose and frequency and duration of administration. Bisphosphonate therapy should, therefore, be used only in the context of a well‐run clinical programme with specialist knowledge in the management of osteopenic disorders in childhood.
Commentary: what factors are important in diagnosing hepatic fibrosis?

interferon-based treatment regimens with new DAAs include on-treatment HCV RNA testing as guidance for treatment futility, the optimal treatment duration and/or to predict sustained virological response. This affects the second wave PIs simeprevir and faldaprevir. In the US, stopping rules during simeprevir containing regimens are based on the detection of low level viraemia at certain time points. Preliminary studies suggest that even in patients treated with sofosbuvir and ribavirin dual therapy on-treatment HCV RNA levels can be associated with the risk for treatment failure. Finally, it may well be essential to determine the optimal duration of highly potent interferon-free regimens to save treatment costs and ensure that all patients can be treated. Therefore, on-treatment response predictors might be very useful also during future HCV therapies.
Analyzing Brazilian Driver's License Authenticity by Easy Ambient Sonic-Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Fast and unequivocal methods of questioned document analysis are essential in forensic science. Here, a desorption/ionization technique, EASI-MS, was assessed for its ability to investigate questioned driver’s licenses (DL). Two suspects DL, displaying the same personal data in the proper fields (name and ID numbers), but with different individual photos, showing similar impressions on microscopic analysis, and authentic standards documents specimens were used as test cases. Profiles from authentic DL surface were dominated by a set of few minor ions, mainly from the plasticizers bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and dibutylphthalate. The seized suspect counterfeit DL on points from personal data and photo were, however, dominated by abundant diagnostic ions of m/z 463, 507, 551, 595, 639, 683, which confirmed counterfeiting. Surfynol® and Nonoxynol-9®, which are common constituents of inkjet printing, were detected in the counterfeiting areas by high-accuracy EASI(+)-FT-ICR MS. The EASI-MS technique is shown therefore to offer an attractive tool for forensic investigation of questioned documents.
Avalanche Noise Characteristics in Submicron InP Diodes

We report excess noise factors measured on a series of InP diodes with varying avalanche region thickness, covering a wide electric field range from 180 to 850 kV/cm. The increased significance of dead space in diodes with thin avalanche region thickness decreases the excess noise. An excess noise factor of F = 3.5 at multiplication factor M = 10 was measured, the lowest value reported so far for InP. The electric field dependence of impact ionization coefficients and threshold energies in InP have been determined using a non-local model to take into account the dead space effects. This work suggests that further optimization of InP separate absorption multiplication avalanche photodiodes (SAM APDs) could result in a noise performance comparable to InAlAs SAM APDs.
‘The experts taught us all we know’: Professionalisation and Knowledge in Nepalese Community Forestry

Environmentalist concerns over the state of Nepal's “fragile forests” resulted in the establishment of Community Forestry projects. These community-based projects are partnerships between the state and community user groups that invest user groups with a great deal of control over their forests. Project implementation, however, begins with the assumption that users have little prior knowledge of forest management and need to be taught modern silviculture. I examine the extent to which different community members embrace notions of professional forestry materially and symbolically. The development of written management plans, the need for careful accounting records and the promotion of silviculturally based management strategies by District Forest Officers serve to (re)inscribe differences between users based on education and literacy. Which users embrace these discourses and practices and for what purposes lends insight into the workings of neoliberalism and how it is implicated in the reconfiguring of social and power relations within localities and, in this case, the consequences of this for ecological change. It is argued that the promotion of expert knowledge and professional practices in Community Forestry is often used as a somewhat contradictory vehicle for educated elites to retain control over forest management, thus undermining some of the key objectives of the program.
Primary classes of compositions of numbers

The compositions, or ordered partitions, of integers, fall under certain natural classes. In this expository paper we highlight the most important classes by means of bijective proofs. Some of the proofs rely on the properties of zig-zag graphs - the graphical representations of compositions introduced by Percy A. MacMahon in his classic book Combinatory Analysis.
Selective Interactions between Vertebrate Polycomb Homologs and the SUV39H1 Histone Lysine Methyltransferase Suggest that Histone H3-K9 Methylation Contributes to Chromosomal Targeting of Polycomb Group Proteins

ABSTRACT Polycomb group (PcG) proteins form multimeric chromatin-associated protein complexes that are involved in heritable repression of gene activity. Two distinct human PcG complexes have been characterized. The EED/EZH2 PcG complex utilizes histone deacetylation to repress gene activity. The HPC/HPH PcG complex contains the HPH, RING1, BMI1, and HPC proteins. Here we show that vertebrate Polycomb homologs HPC2 and XPc2, but not M33/MPc1, interact with the histone lysine methyltransferase (HMTase) SUV39H1 both in vitro and in vivo. We further find that overexpression of SUV39H1 induces selective nuclear relocalization of HPC/HPH PcG proteins but not of the EED/EZH2 PcG proteins. This SUV39H1-dependent relocalization concentrates the HPC/HPH PcG proteins to the large pericentromeric heterochromatin domains (1q12) on human chromosome 1. Within these PcG domains we observe increased H3-K9 methylation. Finally, we show that H3-K9 HMTase activity is associated with endogenous HPC2. Our findings suggest a role for the SUV39H1 HMTase and histone H3-K9 methylation in the targeting of human HPC/HPH PcG proteins to modified chromatin structures.
An Evaluation of the Association for the Advancement of Wound Care Venous Ulcer Guideline and Recommendations for Further Research

OBJECTIVE: The goals of this study were to analyze the 2010 update of the Association for the Advancement of Wound Care (AAWC) Venous Ulcer Guideline (VUG) and examine recommendations with less than A-level evidence to identify important research questions. DATA SOURCES: The AAWC VUG may be found at http://aawconline.org/professional-resources/resources and at the National Guideline Clearinghouse, http://www.guideline. gov. Supporting references for each recommendation, compiled by the AAWC Guideline Task Force from MEDLINE, CINAHL, and EMBASE databases, may be viewed at the first website. STUDY SELECTION: The literature identified in support of the AAWC VUG recommendations with less than A-level evidence was evaluated and is summarized below. DATA EXTRACTION: Questions requiring further research in venous ulcer (VU) care were developed from recommendations having less than A-level support and that fall under the following topics: diagnosis, documentation, prevention, wound care, adjunctive interventions, and palliation. DATA SYNTHESIS: Practitioners lack strong evidence for several generally accepted recommendations of this synthesis of VU guidelines concerning the following: diagnostic or screening validity of varicosities, timing of biopsies for differential diagnosis, clinic visit frequency, criteria for changing VU care plans, and effective VU preventive parameters. Bedside surgical debridement, several biologic interventions, certain types of grafting, and the comparative efficacy of intravascular surgical procedures also require rigorous examination. Adjunctive interventions to be investigated include systemic pain management, topical biophysical treatments, novel devices, pharmaceuticals, timing, methods and procedures for some surgical interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Better evidence for recommendations with less than A-level support may improve the quality and consistency of VU care, reduce costs, and improve resource use.
The Psychosocial Impact of Epilepsy; A Study on Adult People With Epilepsy Attending Clinics In Lusaka

Background: Epilepsy is a chronic disease that affects different aspects of life. Few studies have measured, using validated scales, the psychosocial impact of epilepsy in a general practice setting in Zambia. Aim: To find out the quality of life in PWE attending clinics in Lusaka, and to find out various factors affecting them Method: A survey was undertaken of 50 subjects, with generalized or partial epileptic seizures aged 18 years or more and drawn from epilepsy clinics in Lusaka. The outcome measure was the SF-31(Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory-31). Results: 38% of persons with active epilepsy had significantly low QOL due to their condition. Females had lower QOL scores than males. Patients with higher levels of education had higher scores than their counterparts with lesser education. People who had been ill for greater than 5 years had higher scores than those who had been ill for a shorter duration. Those whose caregivers had a high income from salary job had higher scores than those whose caregivers were unemployed. Conclusion: The occurrence of seizures, even at low frequencies, is associated with psychosocial handicap, and this may remain covert in general practice. Increased impairment in QOL was observed in female, less educated patients with recent onset of seizures, and unemployed caregivers. Poor QOL in epilepsy reflects social underachievement and calls for programs to remedy their psychosocial circumstance and improve health service provisions.
Gradient-based iteration for a class of matrix equations

In this paper, an iterative algorithm is established for solving a class of matrix equations with complex unknowns. By using the hierarchical identification principle, the gradient-based iterative algorithms are constructed to solve the equation AXB + CX<sup>H</sup>D = F and the coupled equations A<sub>1</sub>XB<sub>1</sub> + A<sub>2</sub>X<sup>H</sup>B<sub>2</sub> = F<sub>1</sub> and C<sub>1</sub>XD<sub>1</sub> + C<sub>2</sub>X<sup>H</sup>D<sub>2</sub> = F<sub>2</sub>. The the convergence factor is presented to guarantee that the iterative algorithms are effective for any initial values. The analysis indicates that if the matrix equation has a unique solution, then the iterative solutions converge to the exact one for any initial value under proper conditions. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Slow recovery from inactivation of inward currents in mammalian myocardial fibres

1. Reactivation kinetics of the rapid and slow inward currents in ventricular fibres have been assessed by studying the maximum rate of rise ((dV/dt)max) of the action potential upstroke and the duration of the plateau in progressively earlier premature responses. Reactivation of the slow inward current was also studied by voltage clamp technique in sheep and pig ventricular trabeculae.
Radiation performance enhancement of a 60 GHz CMOS Quasi-Yagi antenna

This paper presents a study on 60 GHz CMOS Quasi-Yagi antenna for radiation performance enhancement. The driven element is meandered for size compactness and is fed by a coplanar waveguide to coplanar stripline transition. Moreover, the ground plan was corrugated to serve as the reflecting element. Furthermore, the director was designed from multi-element which led to gain and efficiency enhancement. Finally, the effect of the antenna location on the radiation characteristics was studied. The simulated gain and efficiency are -0.746 dBi and 21.4%, respectively at 60 GHz, and The design has an area of 1 × 0.87 mm2.
ATP‐Evoked Arachidonic Acid Mobilization in Astrocytes Is via a P2Y‐Purinergic Receptor

Abstract: To reveal more of the mechanism whereby ATP induces arachidonic acid (AA) mobilization in astrocytes, primary cell cultures prelabeled with [3H]AA were exposed to ATP and various analogs. Release of 3H was dose and time dependent and was inhibited by blocking ATP binding. The potencies of a range of ATP analogs in mobilizing AA were consistent with that predicted for the involvement of a P2Y‐purinergic receptor. Mobilization of AA was not due to nonspecific cell permeabilization, as assessed by leakage of cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase. AA mobilization by ATP was reduced when mobilization of intracellular calcium was inhibited and in the absence of extracellular calcium. Thap sigargin, which induces release of intracellular calcium, evoked mobilization of AA and thromboxane formation, findings similar to the effects of ATP. These results suggest that ATP stimulates AA mobilization via a P2Y‐purinergic receptor and that, although extracellular calcium is involved, mobilization of intracellular calcium activates phospholipase A2.
Myocardial collagen remodeling and left ventricular diastolic function.

1. The myocardial collagen matrix is an active participant in determining ventricular architecture and diastolic function, and myocardial structural integrity and mechanical properties. It consists of a network of fibrillar collagen which is intimately related with the myocyte, myofibril and muscle fiber as well as the coronary vasculature. Consisting primarily of collagen types I and III, this material exhibits a high tensile strength which, even though normally present in relatively small amounts, plays an important role in the behavior of the ventricle during diastole. 2. Removal of less than half of the normal amount of collagen results in a dilated ventricle with increased compliance. Collagen degradation of this magnitude and similar myocardial and ventricle with increased compliance. Collagen degradation of this magnitude and similar myocardial and ventricular histologic and functional alterations are evident during ischemia and in dilated cardiomyopathy. Thus, it would appear that a chronic change in the shape and size of the heart must be preceded by alterations in the interstitial collagen matrix. 3. With elevations in the circulating levels of angiotensin and/or mineralocorticoids, the hypertrophic response of the myocardium to the accompanying hypertension includes a progressive remodeling of the collagen component. Typically there is an increase in collagen concentration, thickening of existing fibrillar collagen and the addition of new collagen at all levels of the matrix. The consequences of this remodeling are an adverse alteration of the passive mechanical properties of the myocardium and LV diastolic dysfunction. This pathophysiologic aspect of the hypertrophic process is independent of the concomitant remodeling of the myocyte. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Oculina Coral Banks of Florida: Conservation and management of a deep-water reserve.

INTRODUCTION In 1975, during photographic surveys of the continental shelf using the Johnson-Sea-Link Research Submersible, scientists from Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution discovered high relief pinnaCles at depths of 70-100 m that were living coral reefs composed entirely of the ivory tree coral Oculina varicosa. Various research ensued including studies on coral growth rates, community structure of associated invertebrates and fishes, effects of upwelling, bioerosion, sediments, geology, and taxonomic studies of fish, decapods, mollusks, echinoderms, sipunculids, pycnogonids, and amphipods. During the 1970s these deep-water reefs were teeming with large populations of grouper, snapper, and amberjack. Fishing pressure from both commercial and recreational fishermen was intense, and by the early 1990s the fish populations and the coral had been severely impacted. Legislation in 2000 designated a 300 nmF (1029 km ) Oculina Coral Bank Habitat Area of Particular Concern (HAPe) which prohibits use of anchors, bottom trawls, bottom longlines, dredges, fish traps and pots (Figure 1).
Improved FDTD method for studying on graphene frequency selective surface (GFSS) characteristics for nanoelectromagnetics applications

A generalized recursive convolution (RC) FDTD method integrated with subcell technique is proposed for studying on transmission and reflection characteristics of cross-shape graphene frequency selective surface (GFSS) which is biased by an electrostatic field. This improved method is very flexible for efficiently modelling single and even multi-layer dispersive “thin” nano layers together with other dispersive media, which can be used for the development of some novel nano structures for EMC applications operating at very high frequencies. Parametric studies are performed to demonstrate the GFSS performance up to THz band which is controllable or adjusted by the applied electrostatic field.