Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficacy Prediction of Four Pharmaceutical Formulations for Intramammary Administration Containing Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. Combined With Ceftiofur or Cloxacillin in Lactating Cows as an Alternative Therapy to Treat Mastitis Caused by Staphylococcus aureus

Synergy or additive effect between Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. and beta-lactam (β-lactam) antibiotics has been reported against Staphylococcus aureus, one of the most important etiological agents of cow mastitis. The goal of the present study was to predict the efficacy of intramammary formulations containing the Aloe vera gel extract in the combination with cloxacillin or ceftiofur at low concentrations in lactating cows as an alternative therapy. Each quarter of 20 healthy Holstein Friesian lactating cows were treated with a single dose of one of the following formulations, corresponding to one of these treatment groups: A1, A2, A3, and A4. A1 and A2 contained cloxacillin at 0.25 and 0.5 mg/ml, whereas A3 and A4 contained ceftiofur 0.25 and 0.5 mg/ml, respectively. In addition, all formulations contained 600 mg/ml of an alcoholic extract of Aloe vera. Milk samples were taken at predefined time points. Antibiotics and aloin (active compound of Aloe vera) concentrations were assessed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry system (LC-MS/MS). Pharmacokinetic profiles were obtained, and the efficacy index, the fraction of dosing interval in which the antimicrobial concentration remains above the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) (T > MIC) for each formulation, was calculated considering MIC values against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 as obtained for the combination Aloe vera + antibiotic and aloin concentration in the extract. Mammary gland safety assessment was performed for each combination. Values of the main efficacy index for this study, T > MIC (h) for Aloe vera were 23.29, 10.50, 27.50, and 13.89, whereas for cloxacillin or ceftiofur were 19.20, 10.9, 19.74, and 15.63, for A1, A2, A3, and A4, respectively. Only A1 and A3 reached aloin and antibiotic recommended values as predictors of clinical efficacy for cloxacillin, ceftiofur, and aloin (50, 70, and 60%, respectively), assuming a dose interval of 24 h. The efficacy index values obtained suggest that A1 and A3 might be an effective therapy to treat bovine mastitis caused by S. aureus after a single dose. Nevertheless, further trials in S. aureus mastitis clinical cases are mandatory to confirm the efficacy of Aloe vera formulations.
Social Attention Deficits in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Task Dependence of Objects vs. Faces Observation Bias

Social attention deficits represent a central impairment of patients suffering from autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the nature of such deficits remains controversial. We compared visual attention regarding social (faces) vs. non-social stimuli (objects), in an ecological diagnostic context, in 46 children and adolescents divided in two groups: ASD (N = 23) and typical neurodevelopment (TD) (N = 23), matched for chronological age and intellectual performance. Eye-tracking measures of visual scanning, while exploring and describing scenes from three different tasks from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), were analyzed: “Description of a Picture,” “Cartoons,” and “Telling a Story from a Book. ” Our analyses revealed a three-way interaction between Group, Task, and Social vs. Object Stimuli. We found a striking main effect of group and a task dependence of attentional allocation: while the TD attended first and longer to faces, ASD participants became similar to TD when they were asked to look at pictures while telling a story. Our results suggest that social attention allocation is task dependent, raising the question whether spontaneous attention deficits can be rescued by guiding goal-directed actions.
Investigation on the Incidence of Syncope in Children and Adolescents Aged 2–18 Years in Changsha

Objectives: Syncope is a common clinical symptom, while there are less relevant literature and targeted research on childhood morbidity. This article makes a cross-section survey on the incidence of syncope in children and adolescents aged 2–18 years in Changsha. Materials and Methods: There were 4,352 children and adolescents aged 2–18 years randomly selected from six primary and secondary schools and three kindergartens in Changsha from March 2018 to November 2018. There were 4,916 standardized questionnaires issued, and 4,352 (88.53%) valid questionnaires were recovered. Results: (1) Incidence: 17.37% of children and adolescents aged 2–18 years who had at least more than one syncope; the incidence in the adolescence (28.85%) was higher than that in the school age (8.32%) and in the preschool age (2.71%) (P < 0.01). (2) Age at onset: 13.9 ± 3.1 years old, with a peak age of 16 years. (3) Gender difference: The incidence in adolescent females was higher than that in males (31.72 vs. 26.25%, P < 0.05). In inducements, females had higher rates than males in sweltering environment (P < 0.01), whereas males had higher rates than females in urination (P < 0.05). Dizziness, nausea, sweating, and facial pallor were higher in females than in males in presyncope (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The incidence of syncope in children and adolescents aged 2–18 years in Changsha is 17.37%. The incidence of syncope is different between males and females in different age groups; there are gender differences in syncope inducements and presyncope.
From Good to Bad: The Opposing Effects of PTHrP on Tumor Growth, Dormancy, and Metastasis Throughout Cancer Progression

Parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP) is a multifaceted protein with several biologically active domains that regulate its many roles in normal physiology and human disease. PTHrP causes humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) through its endocrine actions and tumor-induced bone destruction through its paracrine actions. PTHrP has more recently been investigated as a regulator of tumor dormancy owing to its roles in regulating tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, and survival through autocrine/paracrine and intracrine signaling. Tumor expression of PTHrP in late stages of cancer progression has been shown to promote distant metastasis formation, especially in bone by promoting tumor-induced osteolysis and exit from dormancy. In contrast, PTHrP may protect against further tumor progression and improve patient survival in early disease stages. This review highlights current knowledge from preclinical and clinical studies examining the role of PTHrP in promoting tumor progression as well as skeletal and soft tissue metastasis, especially with regards to the protein as a regulator of tumor dormancy. The discussion will also provide perspectives on PTHrP as a prognostic factor and therapeutic target to inhibit tumor progression, prevent tumor recurrence, and improve patient survival.
Changes in Degree Centrality of Network Nodes in Different Frequency Bands in Parkinson’s Disease With Depression and Without Depression

Background Depression induces an early onset of Parkinson’s disease (PD), aggravates dyskinesia and cognitive impairment, and accelerates disease progression. However, it is very difficult to identify and diagnose PD with depression (PDD) in the early clinical stage. Few studies have suggested that the changes in neural networks are associated with PDD, while degree centrality (DC) has been documented to be effective in detecting brain network changes. Objectives The objectives of this study are to explore DC changes between patients with PDD and without depression (PDND) and to find the key brain hubs involved with depression in PD patients. Methods One hundred and four PD patients and 54 healthy controls (HCs) underwent brain resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The Data Processing and Analysis of Brain Imaging and Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Data Analysis Toolkit were used for processing and statistical analysis. The DC value of each frequency band was calculated. One-way analysis of variance and a two-sample t-test for post hoc comparison were used to compare the differences of the DC values in different frequency bands among PDD, PDND, and healthy control group. Gaussian random field was used for multiple comparison correction. Pearson correlation analysis was performed between each individual’s DC map and clinical indicators. Results The DC value of different brain regions changed in PDD and PDND in different frequency bands. The prefrontal lobe, limbic system, and basal ganglia were the main brain regions involved. PDD patients showed a wider range and more abnormal brain areas in the slow-4 frequency band (0.027–0.073 Hz) compared to the HCs. PDD showed a decreased DC value in the medial frontal gyrus, bilateral cuneus gyrus, right lingual gyrus, bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA), bilateral superior frontal gyrus, and left paracentral lobule, but an increased DC value in the bilateral brainstem, midbrain, bilateral parahippocampal gyrus, cerebellum, left superior temporal gyrus, bilateral insula, left fusiform gyrus, and left caudate nucleus in the traditional frequency band (0.01–0.08 Hz) compared to PDND patients. PDND patients displayed more abnormal functions in the basal ganglia in the slow-4 frequency band. Conclusion The DC changes in PDD and PDND are frequency dependent and frequency specific. The medial frontal gyrus, SMA, and limbic system may be the key hubs for depression in PD.
Personalized and Automated Feedback in Summative Assessment Using Recommender Systems

In this study we explore the use of recommender systems as a means of providing automated and personalized feedback to students following summative assessment. The intended feedback is a personalized set of test questions (items) for each student that they could benefit from practicing with. Recommended items can be beneficial for students as they can support their learning process by targeting specific gaps in their knowledge, especially when there is little time to get feedback from instructors. The items are recommended using several commonly used recommender system algorithms, and are based on the students' scores in a summative assessment. The results show that in the context of the Dutch secondary education final examinations, item recommendations can be made to students with an acceptable level of model performance. Furthermore, it does not take a computationally complex model to do so: a simple baseline model which takes into account global, student-specific, and item-specific averages obtained similar performance to more complex models. Overall, we conclude that recommender systems are a promising tool for helping students in their learning process by combining multiple data sources and new methodologies, without putting additional strain on their instructors.
Possible mechanism of action of β‐phenethylamine in migraine

Many dietary precipitants of migraine are known. They include some cheeses, citrus fruits, some alcoholic drinks, yeast extracts, sea-foods, and chocolate. Hanington (1967) noted that those tyramine-containing foods, known to interact with monoamine oxidase inhibitors, were the same foods recognized to precipitate migraine. This observation was challenged by experiments in which tyramine taken by mouth was shown to precipitate migraine in those individuals whose attacks were provoked by tyramine-containing foods (Hanington, Horn & Wilkinson, 1970). Chocolate is a clear exception, being a common migraine precipitant, but containing little tyramine. It does, however, contain large amounts of 8-phenethylamine @-PEA; Sandler, Youdim & Hanington, 1974) a sympathomimetic amine of low potency. Since Ghose, Coppen & Carroll (1977) found that tyramine-sensitive migraine can be prevented by pretreatment with the a-adrenoceptor blocking drug indoramin in low dosage it becomes important to discover whether 8-PEA also acts like tyramine to release noradrenaline from nerveendings. Agonist-antagonist experiments were made on the rabbit isolated aortic spiral preparation and rat and guinea-pig vasa deferentia. On the rabbit aorta increasing concentrations of phentolamine displaced the dose response-lines of both ,%PEA and noradrenaline to the right in a parallel manner, indicating competitive antagonism. The antagonism was quantified on the rat vas deferens by the method of Arunlakshana & Schild (1959): the pA, value for phentolamineagainst noradrenaline was 7.3 and for phentolamine against P-PEA it was 7.4. These experiments implied that both drugs acted through a common receptor site, but the possibility that 8-PEA was releasing noradrenaline from nerve endings had to be excluded. In a separate group of experiments contractions of equal magnitude were induced on the rat vas deferens by noradrenaline, 8-PEA, tyramine and electrical ed4y transmural stimulation. Guanethidine ( 1 0 5 ~ ) mark ses inhibited the response to tyramine whereas the respon to noradrenaline and 8-PEA were potentiated by 78 and 42 % respectively. On the Finkleman preparation of the
Title: There is limited evidence supporting the use of NMES paired with conventional swallowing interventions to treat dysphagia for the pediatric population. Prepared by: Danielle Bosshart, OTS

Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, can occur as a result of a congenital or medical condition. Functional or structural deficits of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, or esophageal sphincters can lead to dysphagia. These structural deficits interfere with an individual's normal swallowing processes. The act of swallowing occurs in multiple stages. Food is ingested into the mouth, where it is then transported posteriorly by the tongue to be chewed and processed. A bolus is formed, and then transported to the pharynx and later the esophagus. Peristalsis moves the bolus down to the stomach (Matsuo & Palmer, 2009). Swallowing is a complex activity composed of both volitional and reflexive movements with the assistance of at least thirty nerves and muscles (Matsuo & Palmer, 2009). The inability to perform any or all of these functions due to muscle weakness, incoordination of movements, or sensory impairments secondary to a congenital, neurological, and/or developmental condition results in difficulty swallowing, or dysphagia.
A Simple Rp-Hplc Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Paracetamol and Metoclopramide. HCl inTablet Dosage Form

A simple, rapid, specific, precise and accurate reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of Paracetamol and Metoclopramide.HCl in tablet dosage form. The chromatographic separation was achieved on AM Chemteq C18 (250mm x 4.6mm, 5µ) column at a detector wavelength of 220nm using an isocratic mobile phase comprising a mixture of Methanol: 0.5% Ammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate buffer (pH: 3) (35:65v/v) pumped at a flow rate of 1.0ml/min. Paracetamol and Metoclopramide.HCl eluted at the retention times of 4.35 and 7.5min respectively. The method was validated with respect to parameters such as specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, limit of detection, limit of quantification, system suitability. The proposed RP-HPLC method can be used for the estimation of these
Unapologetically Indigenous: Understanding the Doctoral Process through Self-Reflexivity

As a K’awaika & Dine, I revisit my writings to answer a life-informing question, as opposed to just a research question, of how relationships inform and disrupt my meaning-making of being unapologetically Indigenous in the academy. To answer this question, I offer a series of personal stories and relatives to reconnect to what it means to navigate the doctoral process. Through relationality as a methodology, I connect two sets of stories to disrupt the linear and forward-moving underpinnings of the doctoral process. I connect stories to highlight three dimensions, i.e., authenticity, vulnerability, and intentionality, to develop what it means to be unapologetically Indigenous in the academy.
Electroreception in monotremes

subject of special fascination ever since their first description was greeted by Western scientists with great scepticism (Home, 1802). Many thought that the platypus was a clever hoax perpetrated by careful attachment of a duck-bill and webbed feet to the skin of a mammal (Griffiths, 1998). Perhaps a greater mystery concerned the ability of a platypus to catch half its body mass of benthic invertebrates under water on the darkest night with all of its obvious sensory channels (eyes, ears and nostrils) tightly closed. The ‘sixth sense’ suggested to explain this puzzling ability (Burrell, 1927) has finally proved to be the bill sense, a sophisticated combination of electroreception and mechanoreception that coordinates the information about aquatic prey provided from the bill skin by 100 000 separately innervated mechanoreceptors and electroreceptors.
Smart Monitoring and Controlling of Appliances Using LoRa Based IoT System

In the era of Industry 4.0, remote monitoring and controlling appliance/equipment at home, institute, or industry from a long distance with low power consumption remains challenging. At present, some smart phones are being actively used to control appliances at home or institute using Internet of Things (IoT) systems. This paper presents a novel smart automation system using long range (LoRa) technology. The proposed LoRa based system consists of wireless communication system and different types of sensors, operated by a smart phone application and powered by a low-power battery, with an operating range of 3–12 km distance. The system established a connection between an android phone and a microprocessor (ESP32) through Wi-Fi at the sender end. The ESP32 module was connected to a LoRa module. At the receiver end, an ESP32 module and LoRa module without Wi-Fi was employed. Wide Area Network (WAN) communication protocol was used on the LoRa module to provide switching functionality of the targeted area. The performance of the system was evaluated by three real-life case studies through measuring environmental temperature and humidity, detecting fire, and controlling the switching functionality of appliances. Obtaining correct environmental data, fire detection with 90% accuracy, and switching functionality with 92.33% accuracy at a distance up to 12 km demonstrated the high performance of the system. The proposed smart system with modular design proved to be highly effective in controlling and monitoring home appliances from a longer distance with relatively lower power consumption.
Orbis scholae 2/2015.indd

While the construct belief is defined in various ways in teacher education research, most scholars agree that beliefs guide teachers’ decision making and classroom behaviors and thus are an important aspect of teacher competence. Pre-service teachers (PSTs) have been typically found to hold a transmission view of mathematics teaching. The influence of teacher preparation on future teachers’ beliefs about mathematics teaching and learning is unclear. This study investigates beliefs in a sample of U.S. elementary PSTs prior to teacher preparation and examines the impact on belief changes of two different mathematics methods courses. Findings reveal that while PSTs hold a transmission view of mathematics teaching prior to teacher preparation, their beliefs change during the program. In addition, PSTs who attended a video-enhanced mathematics methods course structured around systematic and collaborative analysis of practice showed stronger evidence of alignment with the beliefs that children can solve problems in novel ways before being taught how to solve such problems and that teachers should allow children to do as much of the thinking as possible during instruction, than a group of PSTs who attended a more typical version of the course. Implications for teacher preparation and future research are discussed.
Illuminance Calculations for Stage Lighting Concept as a Tool to Improve It

The article covers lighting design in terms of its impact on a human. After making an analysis of scientific sources on this topic, the project has been implementing with the use of 3D modeling software. The model of the concert hall of NUST “MISIS” was created, then several concepts of stage lighting were developed. We made an analysis of one concept using lighting engineering calculations. This allowed us to find out how safe developed variant of stage lighting is.
The Logic of Logical Necessity

Prior to Kripke’s seminal work on the semantics of modal logic, McKinsey offered an alternative interpretation of the necessity operator, inspired by the Bolzano-Tarski notion of logical truth. According to this interpretation, ‘it is necessary that A’ is true just in case every sentence with the same logical form as A is true. In our paper, we investigate this interpretation of the modal operator, resolving some technical questions
Influence of toothbrush abrasion and surface treatments on the color and translucency of resin infiltrated hybrid ceramics

PURPOSE The study compared the color change, lightness, and translucency of hybrid resin ceramics exposed to toothbrush abrasion and surface treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four hybrid ceramics [Lava Ultimate (LU), Vita Enamic (EN), Shofu HC (SH), and Crystal Ultra (CU)] were compared with a glass-ceramic (Vita Mark II) control. One hundred and twenty specimen blocks were prepared using a precision saw machine. Specimens in each material were divided into four subgroups based on the surface treatment (polishing or staining) and a storage medium (water or citric acid). Simulated tooth brushing with a mixture of 100 RDA (radioactive abrasives) with 0.3 ml distilled water was used for 3650 cycles (7300 strokes) for each specimen. Measurements for the color change, lightness, and translucency were measured after toothbrushing using a spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis compared outcomes using paired t-test, ANOVA, and Tukey post hoc test. RESULTS The maximum color change was identified in SH (stained acid) [1.44 (0.40)], whereas the lowest was identified in EN (polished water) [0.66 (0.16)] material. The maximum and minimum loss of surface translucency was observed in SH (polished water) [12.3 (0.52)] and EN (stained acid) [6.5 (0.55)] specimens, respectively. Lastly, loss of lightness was the highest in VM (polished acid) [69 (0.95)], whereas the lowest was observed in CU (stained water) [56.7 (0.86)]. CONCLUSION The comparison presented a significant effect of toothbrush abrasion on translucency and lightness of the hybrid resin ceramics. Color change was not significantly influenced irrespective of the storage medium employed. Surface staining demonstrated the preservation and stability of color and optical properties under the influence of toothbrush abrasion and chemical trauma.
Camel milk as an alternative treatment regimen for diabetes therapy

Abstract Camel milk is a valuable source of nutrition with a wide range of therapeutic effects. Its unique composition helps to regulate the blood glucose level. The current study is aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic and hepatoprotective effects, as well as lipid profile restoration of camel milk in the diabetic mouse model. This innovative study evaluates the therapeutic effects of camel milk in diabetic mice by simultaneous measurement of blood glucose, HbA1c, ALT, AST, TG, cholesterol, and histopathological studies. The results showed that camel milk has significantly reduced blood glucose, HbA1c (p < .001), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) (p < .01), triglyceride (TG), and cholesterol (p < .01), compared to that in the diabetic control group. Also, the therapeutic effects of camel milk were completely comparable with the antidiabetic drug glibenclamide. The results of this study suggest that camel milk could be used as a proper alternative treatment regimen for diabetes therapy.