Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Doc2Cube: Allocating Documents to Text Cube Without Labeled Data

Data cube is a cornerstone architecture in multidimensional analysis of structured datasets. It is highly desirable to conduct multidimensional analysis on text corpora with cube structures for various text-intensive applications in healthcare, business intelligence, and social media analysis. However, one bottleneck to constructing text cube is to automatically put millions of documents into the right cube cells so that quality multidimensional analysis can be conducted afterwards-it is too expensive to allocate documents manually or rely on massively labeled data. We propose Doc2Cube, a method that constructs a text cube from a given text corpus in an unsupervised way. Initially, only the label names (e.g., USA, China) of each dimension (e.g., location) are provided instead of any labeled data. Doc2Cube leverages label names as weak supervision signals and iteratively performs joint embedding of labels, terms, and documents to uncover their semantic similarities. To generate joint embeddings that are discriminative for cube construction, Doc2Cube learns dimension-tailored document representations by selectively focusing on terms that are highly label-indicative in each dimension. Furthermore, Doc2Cube alleviates label sparsity by propagating the information from label names to other terms and enriching the labeled term set. Our experiments on real data demonstrate the superiority of Doc2Cube over existing methods.
Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Lignin

The majority of platform chemicals are currently provided through crude oil processes. Nevertheless, the substitution of the crude oil with biomass should be the ecological aim. Lignin, an aromatic macromolecule, may play an important role in that exchange, as it is the only bio based source of aromatic compounds. For instance, it could be a source of bifunctional aromatic molecules, like the monocyclic compounds catechol or guaiacol, or bifunctional oligomers. However, no process for the production of aromatics from lignin in technical scale has been established until now. Hence, the focus of this work is to clarify the chemical degradation mechanism under hydrothermal conditions, to liquefy lignin delivering high functional molecules and to increase the yield and selectivity of the cleavage towards bifunctional molecules like catechol. The combination of fast hydrolysis, thermal degradation reactions and hydrogenation drives the hydrothermal liquefaction; this gives the possibility to narrow down the product spectrum in comparison to other “dry” cleavage methods, towards a higher yield of e.g. catechols.
Solar UVA exposures

Exposures to UVA radiation (320 − 400 nm) have been linked to increasing the risk of skin cancer, premature skin photoageing and skin wrinkling. The relative proportion of the UVA irradiances in the solar spectrum changes with time of day and season. Material such as window glass found in offices, homes and motor vehicles acts as a barrier to the shorter solar UVB wavelengths (280 - 320 nm) and transmits some of the longer UVA wavelengths (dependent on the type of glass). As a result, the spectrum of the filtered UV transmitted through the material may be substantially different from that of the unfiltered solar UV spectrum. This results in a change in the relative ratio of UVA to UVB irradiances and a consequent change in the biologically damaging UV exposures. For these environments where the UVB wavelengths have been removed and the UVA wavelengths are still present, it is necessary to consider the erythemal irradiances due to these UVA wavelengths only. This paper investigates the times taken for an exposure of 1 SED (standard erythemal dose) due to the UVA wavelengths.
Acute renal failure during the pregnancy: a review on pathophysiology, risk factors and management

Acute renal failure (ARF) is a major medical problem during pregnancy with maternal and fetal outcomes. While the trend of pregnancy-related ARF is on a decline due to the advances in obstetrics care and the legality of abortion among developed countries, this situation remains one of the serious health problems in the developing nations. This review aims to evaluate the current studies with regards to pregnancy related ARF pathophysiology, risk factors and treatment. PubMed, Embase, Scopus and directory of open access journals (DOAJ) databases were searched to obtain the information. Most of the studies in this review were conducted in observational, both prospective and retrospective studies. Results demonstrated a variety of major pregnancy-related ARF causes including obstetric hemorrhage, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, sepsis, thrombotic microangiopathy and acute fatty liver in pregnancy. Aside from awareness of the pathogenesis of pregnancy-related ARF and its risk factors, understanding the physiological renal adaptation during pregnancy is essential for early detection, diagnosis, and proper management to prevent the pregnancy related complications.
Waste water treatment by multi-stage biofilm processes: Results of the VESITURVA project

Municipal and industrial waste waters in Finland are treated before their release into the environment. New legislation also requires that waste waters from all households with running water are treated before release, whereas the methods for treatment may vary. In the Tekes-Symbio project VESITURVA research groups at the University of Helsinki, VTT, Tampere University of Technology and Lahti University of Applied Science, in collaboration with companies in the field and municipal stakeholders, pooled their resources in an effort to study and improve waste water treatment. In the case of household waste waters, minimum removal requirements exist only for the bulk components, organic matter (BOD, COD), nitrogen, and phosphorus. While we also monitored the removal of these components in VESITURVA, the main focus was on micropollutants (pollutants that exist in waste water in ng per litre to μg per litre concentrations, for example hormone disruptors, farmaceuticals, musks, components of personal care products etc.) – how they behave and how their removal can be improved. In VESITURVA we tested waste water treatment methods that are based on biofilms colonising the surfaces of matrix materials using multi-phase water treatment systems, where the water passes through two or three reactors. The model substances for the micropollutant removal process were Bisphenol A (BPA), a component used in the plastics industry, and the commonly used polycyclic musk compound HHCB. Two different types of reactors were used for studying the effect of biofilm activity: Rotating Bed Bioreactors (RBBR), where the biofilm develops on plastic beads with a large surface area, and Fixed Bed Bioreactors (FBBR), where wood chips were used as the support. In both cases a continuous or semicontinuous flow of waste water passed through the reactors. In the RBBR set-up, municipal waste water was led through a three-phase treatment process, while in the FBBR artificial grey water was treated in a two-phase process. In both processes, the removal of the bulk components was good, and substantial reductions were also achieved in the case of the model micropollutants. Multi-stage biofilm reactors seemed to be efficient at removing BPA and musk HHCB from waste water. Major parts of the micropollutants were already removed in the first reactors but the model of sequential reactors enhanced the removal of both BPA and HHCB. Diversity of bacterial communities decreased as a function of time suggesting that the bacterial communities in the
Sensing People's Time Management Behaviors: A Study Using Wearable Devices

Nowadays, people spend more and more time with their smart-phones. They want to make good use of smartphones to achieve an efficient time management. However, many people fail to control the time spent on smartphones effectively and end up with a low task completion rate. We design a time management APP targeted to analyze the time management task completion. In this way, a clear picture of the reasons for a low task completion rate is drawn by us, which could be very useful to help people better manage their time and complete their tasks.
Phonetic Notation in Foreign Language Teaching and Learning: Potential Advantages and Learners’ Views

Abstract This paper focuses on the use of phonetic notation in foreign language teaching and learning. The aim of the paper is twofold: first, we review some of the potential advantages that the use of phonetic notation seems to have in language teaching and learning; and secondly, the paper reports on learner views obtained with a questionnaire anonymously filled in by EFL (English as a foreign language) learners in tertiary education who followed an English course where an extensive use of phonetic symbols was made for pronunciation work in Finland, France and Spain. The results suggest that learners were relatively familiar with phonetic notation prior to their course although there were differences between countries. Phonetic notation was perceived positively by a majority of learners, particularly in terms of its perceived potential for raising awareness of the target language’s pronunciation features and its potential to visually represent sounds. Learners’ answers were also mostly positive regarding the potential of phonetic notation for autonomous learning, as well as the perceived ease and usefulness of phonetic notation.
Correlation between Soil Mycoflora and Productivity under Influence of Organic and Inorganic Inputs Applied Field of Cajanus cajan

In present investigation a field experiment was conducted in a Cajanus cajan field during 2010-2013, to study the effect of various fermented liquid organic inputs and inorganic inputs on rhizosphere and Non-rhizosphere mycoflora population and yield. The soil rhizosphere and Non-rhizosphere mycoflora population was studied by using serial dilution technique. Result observed that application of organic inputs like Farm yard manure, Beejamruth and Jeevamruth increases rhizosphere and Non-rhizosphere fungal population in terms of colony forming unit (CFU) in organic field. The application of inorganic inputs lowers the rhizosphere and Nonrhizosphere mycoflora population (CFU) compare to organic field of Cajanus cajan. The yield obtained in organic field was higher than inorganic field and it is signifintly correlated with the mycoflora population.
Thin metamaterial Luneburg lens for surface waves

By suitably patterning a metasurface, the phase velocity of surface waves may be manipulated. Here, a low-loss, thin (1/14th of the free-space wavelength), omnidirectional Luneburg lens, based upon a Sievenpiper ``mushroom'' array [Sievenpiper et al., IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 47, 2059 (1999)], is fabricated and characterized at microwave frequencies. Surface waves excited using a near-field point source on the perimeter of the lens, exit the opposite side of the lens as planar wave fronts. The electric field of the surface wave is mapped out experimentally and compared to numerical simulations.
Rheological properties of culture broth of Acremonium chrysogenum M35 in baffled flasks with glass beads

The effects of glass beads on the rheological properties of culture broths of Acremonium chrysogenum M35 grown in baffled flasks was investigated in this study. The addition of glass beads to cultures of A. chrysogenum M35 led to considerably higher levels of shear rheological properties such as shear stress versus shear rate, which are essential for controlling the performance of culture broths. The shear properties of culture broths of A. chrysogenum M35 evaluated in this study were also found to be better predicted by the powerlaw and the Herschel-Bulkley fluid models than by the Bingham plastic and the Casson fluid models. The consistency index (K) and the flow behavior index (n) data from the power-law fluid model for various culture broths clearly substantiated the usefulness of glass beads for effectively promoting the cell growth and cell differentiation, because they were directly affected by the morphological changes of A. chrysogenum M35 induced by the glass beads.
The Psychological Legacy of Barack Obama: The Impact of the First African-American President of the United States on Individuals' Social Cognition

The election of Barack Obama as the first African American to be President of the United States was a momentous event. Because the U.S. constituency (including its majority, Whites) elected an individual who defied history and negative stereotypes, pundits concluded that the U.S. had entered a new “post-racial” era. Indeed, social cognition scientists adopted the “Obama effect” to classify the beneficial consequences of Obama as a single African-American exemplar on affect, cognition, and behavior, but these effects have been challenged. As we come to the conclusion of Obama's presidency, this special issue revisits the Obama effect. Six empirical articles collectively examine the factors that create the Obama effect in the first place, and the boundary conditions of the Obama effect ameliorating stereotyping and prejudice and benefiting the social cognition of African Americans themselves. Furthermore, each article provides insight into the potential theoretical and practical implications of Obama's lega.
Lack of association between ABO histo-blood groups , secretor and non-secretor phenotypes , and anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies among pregnant women from the northwestern region of Sa ~ o Paulo State , Brazil

Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii infects humans in several manners including by the gastrointestinal tract where a-2-L-fucosyltransferase (FUTII) coded by the FUT2 gene (19q13.3) controls the expression of the ABH glycoconjugate profile. The presence of functional FUTII defines the secretor phenotype which is associated with ABO erythrocytic phenotypes. Due to the epidemiological and clinical importance of T. gondii infection, the aim of this work was to test the hypothesis that the ABH glycoconjugate profile expressed in the gastrointestinal tract is associated with the presence of antibodies against this parasite. Material and methods: A total of 367 pregnant women from the High-Risk Pregnancy Clinic of the University Hospital de Base in Sa ~ o José do Rio Preto were enrolled in this study. Two blood samples were drawn with only one being mixed with anticoagulant. ABO erythrocytic phenotyping and detection of anti-T. gondii antibodies were achieved by the haemagglutination test. Identification of the secretor status used the PCR-RFLP method. Results: Differences in the ABO erythrocytic phenotypes (P=0.20) and secretor and nonsecretor phenotypes (P=0.41), either in isolation or in association, were not statistically significant with respect to the presence or absence of anti-T. gondii antibodies. Conclusions: These results suggest that the ABH glycoconjugate profile expressed in the gastrointestinal tract under regulation of the FUT2 gene is not associated with anti-T. gondii antibodies.
Field performance of 'Bt' transgenic crops: A review

Genetically modified crops have been wildly cultivated in all over the world since the commercialization of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) transgenic cotton in 1996. Some review papers have been summarized the benefit from the Bt transgenic crops and its ecological effects, but fewer of them focused on the agronomic and physiological performance comparison between Bt-transgenic crops with their non-Bt transgenic counterparts. Here this review summarizes the researches on the field performance of Bt transgenic crops relative to their non-Bt counterparts by focusing on differences in agronomic traits and Bt protein content, and the effect of abiotic stresses on the performance of Bt transgenic crops. Furthermore, we discussed the physiological mechanisms underlying the variation of Bt protein content at different growth stages, or due to various environmental factors. In the end, crop management practices for maintaining stable Bt protein content and efficient control of pests were discussed.
Product Lines and Price Discrimination in the European Car Market

In this paper we consider a model of oligopolistic competition where firms make a two-dimensional product line decision. They choose a location in style space, thus inducing horizontal differentiation, and produce different qualities (a product line) of a given good (vertical differentiation), consumed by a population of customers who differ in their income and preference for style. We prove the existence of a non-cooperative equilibrium and show that, as the degree of competition increases, prices approach marginal cost. The approach is used to show that European car producers seem indeed to use product lines to discriminate across EU countries.
The modifiable game : “ Gam . B . A . S . ”

1 IRIT, Toulouse III & LARA, Toulouse II, France ; daminous@gmail.com 2 IRIT, Toulouse III & LARA, Toulouse II, France ; alvarez@irit.fr 3 IRIT, Toulouse III, France ; jessel@irit.fr 4 LARA, Toulouse II, France ; methel@univ-tlse2.fr Abstract. This paper is part of an experimental approach aimed to raise a video games classification. Being inspired by the methodology that Propp[3] used for the classification of Russian fairy tales, we have cleared out recurrent diagrams within rules of video games, named "Game Bricks". The combinations of these different bricks will allow us to represent a classification, in accordance to their rules, of all the video games.
Investigations of Nitrogen Removal Pathways in a Biological Packed Bed Reactor Using Elementary Mass Balances

Nitrogen (N) cycle involves a complex set of potential biochemical pathways with reactions catalyzed by different microorganisms. Elementary mass balances for COD, DO, NH4-N and alkalinity were conducted and stoichiometric relationships were investigated to explain possible pathways of the nitrogen removal mechanisms in a lab-scale submerged down flow biological packed bed (BPB) reactor. Four sets of experiments were performed by modifying the organic loading and C/N ratio in comparison with steady-state conditions. Approximately 90% of COD and NH4-N removal occurred in two upper sections occupying 1/5 of the reactor height. The elementary mass balances could not explain all the experimental results with respect to nitrogen removal and oxygen consumption by known mechanisms. The mass balance calculations, excluding the possibility of nitrification, were in general in accordance with the observations indicating no or minimal NO3-N production. The theoretical stoichiometric requirements for nitrification reaction were satisfied in 6 experiments and in another 8 experiments nitrification may have occurred, but stoichiometry was not satisfied. Using C/N ratio as the variable, only at C/N ratio = 10, the predictions confirmed the possibility of nitrification in the same 3 (out of 4) assays as observed in practice. The results of this study reveal that the nitrogen transformations occurring in the studied reactor are complex and cannot be explained by simple mechanisms of microbial assimilation and nitrification.
Finding structure in multi-armed bandits

How do humans search for rewards? This question is commonly studied using multi-armed bandit tasks, which require participants to trade off exploration and exploitation. Standard multi-armed bandits assume that each option has an independent reward distribution. However, learning about options independently is unrealistic, since in the real world options often share an underlying structure. We study a class of structured bandit tasks, which we use to probe how generalization guides exploration. In a structured multi-armed bandit, options have a correlation structure dictated by a latent function. We focus on bandits in which rewards are linear functions of an option’s spatial position. Across 5 experiments, we find evidence that participants utilize functional structure to guide their exploration, and also exhibit a learning-to-learn effect across rounds, becoming progressively faster at identifying the latent function. The experiments rule out several heuristic explanations, and show that the same findings obtain with non-linear functions. Comparing several models of learning and decision making, we find that the best model of human behavior in our tasks combines three computational mechanisms: (1) function learning, (2) clustering of reward distributions across rounds, and (3) uncertainty-guided exploration. Our results suggest that human reinforcement learning can utilize latent structure in sophisticated ways to improve efficiency.
Discordant Alternans as a Mechanism for Initiation of Ventricular Fibrillation In Vitro

Background Ventricular tachyarrhythmias are often preceded by short sequences of premature ventricular complexes. In a previous study, a restitution‐based computational model predicted which sequences of stimulated premature complexes were most likely to induce ventricular fibrillation in canines in vivo. However, the underlying mechanism, based on discordant‐alternans dynamics, could not be verified in that study. The current study seeks to elucidate the mechanism by determining whether the spatiotemporal evolution of action potentials and initiation of ventricular fibrillation in in vitro experiments are consistent with model predictions. Methods and Results Optical mapping voltage signals from canine right‐ventricular tissue (n=9) were obtained simultaneously from the entire epicardium and endocardium during and after premature stimulus sequences. Model predictions of action potential propagation along a 1‐dimensional cable were developed using action potential duration versus diastolic interval data. The model predicted sign‐change patterns in action potential duration and diastolic interval spatial gradients with posterior probabilities of 91.1%, and 82.1%, respectively. The model predicted conduction block with 64% sensitivity and 100% specificity. A generalized estimating equation logistic‐regression approach showed that model‐prediction effects were significant for both conduction block (P<1×10−15, coefficient 44.36) and sustained ventricular fibrillation (P=0.0046, coefficient, 1.63) events. Conclusions The observed sign‐change patterns favored discordant alternans, and the model successfully identified sequences of premature stimuli that induced conduction block. This suggests that the relatively simple discordant‐alternans‐based process that led to block in the model may often be responsible for ventricular fibrillation onset when preceded by premature beats. These observations may aid in developing improved methods for anticipating block and ventricular fibrillation.
Nitrogen removal, nitrous oxide emission and microbial community in sequencing batch and continuous-flow intermittent aeration processes

Nitrogen removal, nitrous oxide (N2O) emission and microbial community in sequencing batch and continuous-flow intermittent aeration processes were investigated. Two sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) and two continuous-flow multiple anoxic and aerobic reactors (CMRs) were operated under high dissolved oxygen (DO) (SBR-H and CMR-H) and low DO (SBR-L and CMR-L) concentrations, respectively. Nitrogen removal was enhanced under CMR and low DO conditions (CMR-L). The highest total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency of 91.5% was achieved. Higher nitrifying and denitrifying activities in SBRs were observed. CMRs possessed higher N2O emission factors during nitrification in the presence of organics, with the highest N2O emission factor of 60.7% in CMR-L. SBR and low DO conditions promoted N2O emission during denitrification. CMR systems had higher microbial diversity. Candidatus Accumulibacter, Nitrosomonadaceae and putative denitrifiers (N2O reducers and producers) were responsible for N2O emission.