Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Aqueous Extract of Solanum melongena on Blood System of Wistar Rats

ENGLISH/ANGLAIS] Affiliations: 1 Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, NIGERIA 2 Department of Physiology, Bayero University, Kano, NIGERIA 3 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, NIGERIA 4 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, NIGERIA * Email Address for Correspondence/ Adresse de courriel pour la correspondance: abdulwhb2002@yahoo.co.uk Accepted/Accepte: May, 2012 Full Citation: Wahab AA, Abdel Aziz MM, Alo OE, Oluwatobi SE, Omotoso OD. Effects of aqueous extract of solanum melongena on blood system of wistar rats. World Journal of Life Sciences and Medical Research 2012;2(5):159-65. Eggplant (Solanum melongena) fruit, an important vegetable, has high content of free reducing sugars, anthocyanin, phenols, glycoalkaloids, amide proteins and medicinal properties. But the fruit was at one time believed to be extremely dangerous mainly because of its relationship with Solanaceae (nightshade) family. In this study, we investigated the effects of eggplant on the blood system (with special attention to haematological and serum electrolytes parameters). After toxicity test to ascertain the reasonable dosage, 20 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: 1 control and 3 treatment groups; n = 5. The rats in group A (Control) were administered 0.9% physiological saline, while the treatment groups B, C, and D were administered graded doses of the Solanum melongena fruit extract of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The animals were dosed orally (using rat oral cannula), once daily for 8 weeks, after which they were sacrificed and their blood were analysed. The results showed that administration of extract of S. melonena elicits electrolyte changes. Though, S. melonena does not stimulate erythropoiesis, and does not have haematoxic effect, it was found to have possibility of enhancing immunity (especially the cell-mediated immunity). S. melonena may also cause some weight reduction (which may, in some cases, be desirable). However, extensive understanding of the molecular basis of the noted effects is still a puzzle.
Control of Alternaria solani Resistance to Boscalid, Fluopyram, and Chlorothalonil

Control of Alternaria solani Resistance to Boscalid, Fluopyram, and Chlorothalonil Andrew K Hollingshead Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences Master of Environmental Science Alternaria solani, cause of early blight, threatens potato yields. Fungicide resistance has made control of early blight difficult and there are concerns that in-season fungicide use results in resistance to boscalid, fluopyram, and chlorothalonil. Concern of high levels of resistance to boscalid a group 7 fungicide may confer cross-resistance to fungicides of the same group such as fluopyram. From 2014 to 2015, A. solani isolates were collected from field plots treated with boscalid, fluopyram, and chlorothalonil to test resistance levels. Isolates were determined resistant if EC50 values were higher than 5 μg ml-1. Boscalid and chlorothalonil mean EC50 values decreased two fold from 2014 to 2015, while fluopyram values increased two fold. A negative correlation between fluopyram and boscalid indicate no cross-resistance. Higher resistance levels to fluopyram (17.1 μg ml-1) were observed in the treatment C-14 where only fluopyram was applied in 2014. Treatments D-14 and D-15, only treated with chlorothalonil, had the highest mean EC50 values to chlorothalonil (2.3 and 1.1 μg ml-1, respectively). Field trials show fluopyram+chlorothalonil had lowest disease severity of 6.6 to 6.8%. Leaf residues of boscalid fluopyram, and chlorothalonil measured an average of 10.2, 4.9, and 55.0 ppm on leaves throughout the canopy. After 14 days average residues diminished to 0.74, 0.39, and 16.9 ppm for boscalid, fluopyram and chlorothalonil, respectively. Boscalid is not effective for early blight control because of high resistance; fluopyram resistance is increasing as treatments of fluopyram are applied; and chlorothalonil does not seem to be affected by continued fungicide application.
Morphological study of some Euphorbia taxa in Iran

Abstract. Talebi SM, Noori M, Davijani SS. 2016. Morphological study of some Euphorbia taxa in Iran. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 103-110. Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) has nearly 2000 species and great morphological diversity present between its members. For this reason, species of this genus are classified into different infrageneric ranks. In the present study, morphological characteristics of fifteen taxa of this genus were examined in Iran. Thirty one qualitative and quantitative morphological characteristics from the vegetative and reproductive or­gans of the studied taxa were examined. ANOVA test showed significant variations for all of studied quantitative features. PCA-biplot of the studied traits confirmed that some of them were very useful for identification of the treated taxa. In addition, the obtained results did not confirm species classifications in sections/subsections according to Flora Iranica as well as Flora of Turkey and proved high morphological variations between these species; therefore traditional classification of species in subsection must be changed and our results confirmed previous molecular studies.
A comparison of two methods to assess audience-induced changes in male mate choice

Multidirectional communicative interactions in social networks can have a profound effect on mate choice behavior. Male Atlantic molly Poecilia mexicana exhibit weaker mating preferences when an audience male is presented. This could be a male strategy to reduce sperm competition risk: interacting more equally with different females may be advantageous because rivals might copy mate choice decisions. In line with this hypothesis, a previous study found males to show a strong audience effect when being observed while exercising mate choice, but not when the rival was presented only before the choice tests. Audience effects on mate choice decisions have been quantified in poeciliid fishes using association preference designs, but it remains unknown if patterns found from measuring association times translate into actual mating behavior. Thus, we created five audience treatments simulating different forms of perceived sperm competition risk and determined focal males' mating preferences by scoring pre-mating (nipping) and mating behavior (gonopodial thrusting). Nipping did not reflect the pattern that was found when association preferences were measured, while a very similar pattern was uncovered in thrusting behavior. The strongest response was observed when the audience could eavesdrop on the focal male's behavior. A reduction in the strength of focal males' preferences was also seen after the rival male had an opportunity to mate with the focal male's preferred mate. In comparison, the reduction of mating preferences in response to an audience was greater when measuring association times than actual mating behavior. While measuring direct sexual interactions between the focal male and both stimulus females not only the male's motivational state is reflected but also females' behavior such as avoidance of male sexual harassment (Current Zoology 58 (1): -, 2012).
In situ conservation and landscape genetics in forest species

Received 06.10. 2011 Accepted 23.12. 2011 Published 08.03. 2012 Conservation of forest genetic resources is essential for sustaining the environmental and productive values of forests. One of the environmental values is the conservation of the diversity that is assessed through the amount of genetic diversity stored by forests, their structure and dynamics. The current need for forest conservation and management has driven a rapid expansion of landscape genetics discipline that combines tools from molecular genetics, landscape ecology and spatial statistics and is decisive for improving not only ecological knowledge but also for properly managing population genetic resources. The objective of this study is to show the way to establish the safeguard of genetic diversity through this approach using the results obtained in sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) that has provided a better understanding on the species genetic resources. In this respect, we will show how the information provided by different types of molecular markers (genomic and genic) offer more accurate indication on the distribution of the genetic diversity among and within populations assuming different evolutionary drivers. Keywords
Guiding criteria for operational risk reporting in a corporate environment

Risk reporting is most probably one of the most important components of a risk management process. Operational risk reporting, in many organisations, is not developed to such a degree that it will add value to the organisation and is mostly based on regulatory requirements. This means that risk reports mostly aim to comply with regulations rather than add value in terms of providing useful information to ensure effective decision-making. Within this context, this research aims to develop guidelines for operational risk reporting which will be based on a comprehensive literature review of operational risk to determine criteria which can serve as guidelines for effective risk reporting. The criteria will be subject to an empirical analysis by means of an anonymous questionnaire completed by experienced managers in a corporate environment. The data will be analysed in terms of descriptive statistical analysis in order to confirm the applicability of the criteria in terms of operational risk reporting. The information will be used to compile a prioritised list of criteria which could serve as a guideline to corporate organisations during operational risk reporting.
Relationship between Developed, Emerging and South Asian Equity Markets: Empirical Evidence with a Multivariate Framework Analysis

This study is the first effort to establish a short and long run relationship between developed (US-S&P500 index and UK-FTSE100 index), emerging (DJ TOXX 600) and South Asian (India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) equity markets. Using the data from Jan 1998 to Dec 2013, this study have tested the unit properties of indexes returns in the presence of two structural breaks applying Clemente et al. (1998) detrended test. The Auto-regressive Bound Testing (ARDL) approach to cointegration is used to determine the cointegration relation. After cointegration is found between the stock markets of interest, Dynamic OLS (DLOS) cointegration equations are applied to estimate long run co-efficients. Short run relationship is determined through Vector Error Correction (VEC) based Granger causality, Impulse Response Function (IRF) and Variance Decomposition Analysis (VDA). Findings reveal that South Asian markets, developed and emerging markets are cointegrated. The impact of developed markets on emerging markets as well as South Asian markets is noted. Stock markets in South Asian countries are closely linked with each other and developed & emerging markets are interlinked. In short run, Indian and S&P500 index are not impacted by the other South Asian and emerging markets. However, FTSE100 index is closely linked with South Asian markets. S&P500 not only impacts emerging markets but also Granger cause South Asian stock market indexes. Correlation between South Asian regional markets have decreased with each other whereas, it have increased with developed and emerging stock markets over time. However, international diversification benefits of South Asian stock markets for potential foreign investors is still evident due to lower long and short run relationship with developed and emerging stock markets.
Application of varimax rotated principal component analysis in quantifying some zoometrical traits of a relict cow

A study was conducted to determine the interdependence among the conformation traits of 28 "Pallaresa" cows using principal component analysis. Originally 21 body linear measurements were obtained, from which eight traits are subsequently eliminated. From the principal components analysis, with raw varimax rotation of the transformation matrix, two principal components were extracted, which accounted for 65.8% of the total variance. The first principal component alone explained 51.6% of the variation, and tended to describe general size, while the second principal component had its loadings for back-sternal diameter. The two extracted principal components, which are traits related to dorsal heights and back-sternal diameter, could be considered in selection programs.
CORRELATION BETWEEN ARTHROPODS AND PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER AND SOIL RETAINED IN TILLANDSIA VIOLACEA (BROMELIACEAE) IN AN ABIES- QUERCUS FOREST IN CENTRAL MEXICO

The effect of the support tree species and the seasonal and altitudinal variations on the physical-chemical characteristics of the water and soil accumulated in plants of the epiphytic bromeliad Tillandsia violacea were studied in "El Chico" National Park, a temperate forest from Hidalgo, in Central Mexico. The relationship of these factors with arthropods living in theme was also studied. It was found that the tree support species influenced the ions concentration in water and soil. The highest values of ions were found in plants from Abies religiosa. Altitude and the season of sampling affected calcium concentrations, as well as pH of soil and water accumulated on epiphytic Tillandsia. Electrical conductivity, calcium and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in epiphytic water accounted for more than 60% of the variation in the density of arthropods. In the accumulated soil pH (among 3.4-8.3), organic carbon content (17.16-30.07 mg g -1 ), sodium and potassium concentrations (0.26-1.43, 0.49-34.87 cmol + kg -1 , respectively) were the most important factors correlated with the total fauna abundance. These
Study on Optical Properties and Biocompatibility of Different Polymer-Gold Nano-Composite Platforms for Opto-Micro Fluidic Applications

Microfluidic and microphotonic devices have become increasingly effective for diagnostic, clinical, and biochemical applications. Such technologies usually contain polymer materials, as their properties make them highly desirable for sensing possibilities. A useful addition to these materials are gold nanoparticles (GNP), which hold unique localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties that are affected by their structure, shape, distribution, and their degree of penetration into the surrounding medium. These characteristics, in turn, depend on the thermal history of the sample, that is, the extent and duration of heating of the polymer-GNP systems. In this undertaking, thermally tunable gold-polymer nanocomposite platforms, which have customizable properties, are fabricated for emerging opto-fluidic applications. This is achieved using a thermal convection method using six polymer films: poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), SU-82, poly (styrene) (PS), poly (dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS), cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). In order to increase the plasmonic sensitivity of the platforms, the nanocomposites are, subsequently, subjected to heat treatment with incremental heating in the range of 80-2000C. It is found that, among the polymers studied in this work, PVA and SU-82 show the largest shift of the Au LSPR band upon incremental heating as well as the highest plasmonic sensitivity. To test the biocompatibility of these different polymers, tagged antibodies are immobilized on the functionalized polymer films, and then the corresponding antigens are allowed to interact with the antibodies. The results of this work will be helpful in selecting a suitable material for both microfluidic and microphotonic experiments.
Geologic reconnaissance of the Yukon Flats district, Alaska

_ ______________________________________________________ 289 Introduction. ______________________________________________________ 290 General geography___-_ __-___-_____-____________. ____-_-____-_290 Previous investigations. _-___--_-___-_. ____-__-_-______-____-___293 Present investigation. ___-_____-_-___. _______________--_-_-___-294 Acknowledgments-__-___-__________-______-___-_____-___-_--294 Descriptive geology. _-_-__-----. _---_-_____-__-__-___-___--_-_-____295 Bedrock____. __--_--_-___-_-_-_________________-_---__________ 297 Lower Paleozoic (pre-Devonian? ) and possibly Precambrian metamorphic rocks and associated intrusive igneous rocks____ 297 Carboniferous sedimentary and volcanic rocks and associated intrusive igneous rocks___________________________________ 298 Eocene sedimentary rocks_____________-_-_-____-__-_-_--_-301 Tertiary basalt. ___________________________________________ 302 Unconsolidated deposits. -______________________. -__-_-__-. -_-_-_303 Silt and silty sand beneath the Yukon Flats. __ ______________ 303 High-level alluvium,. ______________________________________ 304 Glacial drift-_____________________________-______-_----308 Alluvial-fan and related terrace deposits. ______-___-__-_--_-_310 E'olian sand_____--_---_---_________________-_-______-__--_ 313 Loess_ ____________________________________________________ 314 Alluvial-fan silt deposits__ __________________________________ 317 Flood-plain and low-terrace alluvium_________________-__--__ 317 Muskeg. __________________ ___________________________________ 318 Geologic history-_ _ _ _ _-_-___-_-______ _-____-___________-__--_----319 Pre-Cenozoic history. ___^_-^_______^___________^_--_-_____----319 Cenozoic history_________--_-_-_-___-_____________. --_---------320 Economic geology. __^_-____-_____---. _. _______-_-____-_____-_---_326 Sand and gravel. _______-^___-_-________-______-_______________ 326 Rock_. ________. ___. _. _. _. _. __. _. _. _. _. ___. __-__. __. _-___. -_ 327 CoaL________________________________________________________ 327 Gold --_---_-_--_---_-------_--____--___---_--_-_-----_----327 References cited____-_____-______________^__-__-____. -____--_----_328 Index__----_____,___________-______-______-____________-_--_-_-_331
Structure and electrical properties of Ba ( In 0 . 5 Nb 0 . 5 ) 1x Ti x O 3 ceramics

Lead-free Ba(In0.5Nb0.5)1-xTixO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) ceramics was synthesized using a standard high temperature solidstate reaction method and sintered at 1400 °C/4 h (except the pure BaTiO3 which was sintered at 1300 °C/4 h). The ceramics was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, dielectric, impedance and AC conductivity studies. The crystal structure of the compounds was found to be cubic (with the space group Pm3m) for x = 0, 0.25 and 0.50 and tetragonal (P4/mmm) for x = 0.75 and 1.0. Increase in Ti-content in the ceramic samples leads to the decrease in unit cell volume while the values of real as well as imaginary parts of dielectric constant and AC conductivity increase. Complex impedance spectroscopy analysis indicated the negative temperature coefficient of resistance. AC conductivity data supported the hopping type of conduction in the system and obeyed Jonscher’s power law. The real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant and AC conductivity data fit excellently well with an exponential function.
Bit Error Rare (BER) Analysis of Conventional OFDM (DFT - OFDM) and Wavelet Based OFDM (DWT – OFDM)

:- OFDM has been widely adopted in many applications due to its good spectral performance and low sensitivity to impulse noise and multipath channels. In OFDM that a cyclic prefixes (CP) is appended to each symbol in order to mitigate the effect of Inter-Symbol-Interference (ISI) and intercarrier interference (ICI). However, this reduces the spectral efficiency. A perfect reconstruction using wavelet based OFDM provides good orthogonality and with its use Bit Error Rate is improved. Wavelet based system does not require CP, so spectrum efficiency is increased. In this paper, we are presenting BER analysis of conventional and wavelet based OFDM in LTE using different modulation techniques like QAM 2, QAM 4, QAM 16, QAM 256 and PSK.
Relationship between the Investments in IT with Firm Financial Performance: Evidence from Tehran Stock Exchange

: In present study, we examine the relationships between investment in information technology (IIT) and firm financial performance (FFP) of the listed companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). Data were gathered from the audited financial statements of the firms provided by TSE’s website from 2010 to 2015. The results of multiple linear regression analysis show that investments in information technology have significant effects on Return on Investment. Investment in information technology isn’t significantly related to return on equity. Investments in information technology were significantly related to return on sales and sales growth. There is a no significant relationship between earnings per share and investment in information technology. Also, there is a no significant relationship between dividend per share and investment in information technology. However, the results of fuzzy regression analysis indicate significant relationships between the independent variable except financial performance (FFP).
Intergenerational Transfers in Spain: The Role of Education

This paper shows the estimates of National Transfer Accounts (NTA) for Spain in 2006 disaggregated by education level. Overall, our results indicate that, besides age population composition, education level has a big impact on the economic behavior of households and, hence, on the aggregate economy. Educated households tend to participate more and longer in the labor market, to produce more and, consequently, to consume more. As differences in consumption are lower than in labor income, they are able to contribute to the public system with higher taxes and contributions, and they depend less on public transfers over their lifecycle. Therefore, education seems to be crucial to sustain the welfare state in an ageing society.