Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aspects of Functional Anatomy of the Distal Limb

Every day, clinicians change the point of breakover of a foot, add a wedge or a pad to a shoe, or resect part of a hoof capsule. All of these change the way the foot functions in some manner. We make some of these changes because that is what we were instructed to do in school, because it may have worked for us before, or because it makes sense to us—but how often do we actually think about the underlying biomechanical principles involved? This report discusses some aspects of function of the front foot of the horse. It is written from the perspective of a clinician trying to incorporate scientific developments in the biomechanics of the horse’s foot into clinical practice. It is not intended as a comprehensive review of all the biomechanical studies that have addressed the function of the equine digit. Readers who would like an in-depth review of digital biomechanics are referred to several recent excellent articles. Understanding how the foot works in this manner undoubtedly improves one’s ability to treat the more complicated foot problems in horses; however, the subject is fascinating in its own right. The most important aspects of foot function are related to the hoof and the distal interphalangeal joint. Therefore, this article will briefly discuss the anatomy of these structures, aspects of foot function at rest and at the trot, and briefly explore how some common manipulations used therapeutically may affect function. As clinicians, we tend to be very good at qualitative ideas such as the biomechanical concepts explored in this article. Fortunately for us, it appears to work well much of the time. However, there are occasions when the outcome of a biomechanical event is the result of two different determinants that function in an opposite manner to each other, and therefore, the result is the balance of the two. In such circumstances, without quantifying both effects, it is not possible to determine the net result. Therefore, excessive reliance on qualitative concepts can lead to overinterpretation or misinterpretation of the facts. The majority of studies have examined the kinetics and kinematics of locomotion of horses at rest, at the walk and trot, and measured strains present in various tissues. These scientific studies have examined the position of the different elements of the distal limb in relation to each other and the ground, the force applied to the ground surface of the foot, strains in the hoof capsule and in major tendons and ligaments, and the biomechanical properties of some of the tissues in the foot. From this information, given specified assumptions and other static measurements, more information may be calculated. Last, using experimental data of the forces applied to the foot and the biomechanical properties of the tissues, finite element analysis models have been
Structural dependence of apatite formation on titania gels in a simulated body fluid.

The apatite-forming ability of titania gels with different structures has been investigated in a simulated body fluid with ion concentrations nearly equal to those of human blood plasma. Titania gels with an amorphous structure or with an anatase or rutile structure were prepared by the sol-gel process with a subsequent heat treatment at various temperatures. The titania gels with an amorphous structure did not induce apatite formation on their surfaces in the simulated body fluid, whereas gels with an anatase or rutile structure induced apatite formation on their surfaces. The deposition of apatite was more pronounced on the anatase gels than on the rutile gels. This indicates that a specific structure of titania is effective in inducing apatite formation in a body environment. Such a specific structure was assumed in this study to be the crystalline planar arrangement in the anatase structure, which facilitates epitaxy of the apatite crystal.
A CFD MODEL FOR DENSE MEDIUM CYCLONES

In this paper, a CFD modelling strategy is described in detail. Then the paper focuses on studying the effect of the non-Newtonian rheology and turbulence phenomenon in the medium modelling. Therefore, fluid flow modelling is carried out for the Herschel-Bulkley and Power Law rheological models and compared with the Newtonian model with and without turbulence. Results for axial and velocity profiles show that the turbulence effect is more important than the non-Newtonian rheology. Consequently, a Newtonian model is developed for the medium for the case where the segregation of the magnetite particles in the medium can be neglected. Also a model for the coal particles is presented and combined with the medium model to give a practical model for DMCs. The model is an Eulerian-Lagrangian approach. Finally the model is used to evaluate the influence of coal particles size on the separation process. Coal particles of 5 mm and 1 mm diameter were considered. Predictions show the degradation of the efficiency of separation for smaller coal sizes. Also low density coal particles are initially affected by the recirculation region. Finally, higher residence times were found for neutrally-buoyant particles
Theoretical studies of the osmium based perovskites AOsO 3 ( A 1⁄4 Ca , Sr and Ba )

Osmium based perovskites AOsO3 (A1⁄4Ca, Sr and Ba) have been studied theoretically using density functional theory approach. These studies show that CaOsO3 and SrOsO3 are orthorhombic and BaOsO3 is cubic and are consistent with the experiments. The electronic band structures demonstrate that these compounds are metals. The magnetic studies verify the experimental observations at low temperature, where the spin effects are canceled by the orbitals. The stable magnetic phase optimizations and magnetic susceptibilities calculations by the post-DFT treatment confirm that CaOsO3 and SrOsO3 are weak ferromagnetic whereas BaOsO3 is a paramagnetic material. The directional magnetic study shows that these compounds are magnetically anisotropic, and reveals that the easy magnetization axis is [001] direction. & 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Heart Disease Prediction with Data Mining Clustering Algorithms

Vast number of people annually suffer from heart malfunction worldwide. Various symptoms result in heart disease which in many cases is hard to diagnose a patient as a heart patient. Data mining, as a solution to extract hidden pattern from the clinical dataset are applied to a database in this research. The database consists of 209 instances and 8 attributes. All available algorithms in clustering technique, are compared to achieve the highest accuracy. To further increase the accuracy of the solution, the dataset is preprocessed by different supervised and unsupervised algorithms. The system was implemented in WEKA and prediction accuracy for 5 stages, and 40 approaches, are compared. Three clusters with an accuracy of 100% are introduced as the highest performance algorithms. Keywords— Data mining, Clustering, WEKA.
Analysis of energy storage devices in hybrid railway vehicles

This paper presents an analysis of the energy storage requirements for hybrid railway vehicles. Autonomous hybrid railway vehicles combine two power sources. The conventional diesel prime- mover is supplemented with power derived from an on-board energy storage device. The device is discharged during high power demand, and may be recharged through regenerative braking. The energy savings that are achievable through the adoption of such technology are also dependent on the duty cycle. It is shown that for a given vehicle there is a inter-station distance beyond which the benefits become marginal. The performance of the energy storage device fundamentally affects the whole system performance and careful consideration is required in device selection. The constrained nature of the railway system also presents opportunities for optimization of architectures and control strategies. These methods are also discussed in this paper. Finally, a review of practical implementation considerations is presented.
Robust Regulation Theory for Transfer Functions With a Coprime Factorization

Classical frequency domain results of robust regulation are extended by requiring only a right or a left coprime factorization of a plant, but not both. The famous internal model principle is generalized first, which leads to a necessary and sufficient solvability condition of the robust regulation problem and to a parametrization of all robustly regulating controllers. In addition, a procedure for constructing robustly regulating controllers is proposed.
Rapid detection of antimicrobial residues in poultry: A consequence of non-prudent use of antimicrobials

A cross sectional survey was conducted in three major poultry markets at Enugu Urban area of Enugu State, South Eastern, Nigeria, to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial residues in commercial broiler birds using Premi? Test Kit. Antimicrobials generally due to their availability over the counter and non-enforcement of legislature on irrational use are often abused in both veterinary and medical practice in most developing countries. The misuse and overuse of these drugs lead to deposition of violative levels of antimicrobial residues in animal tissues meant for human consumption with several health consequences when consumed. Premi? Test like all other microbiological tests is based on the principle of inhibition and was able to detect antibiotic residues in 42 (60%) of the 70 sampled commercial birds from three major poultry markets in the study area. It detected also residues in 90 out of the 280 different organ matrices made up of 70 samples of each organ, of which Kidney was the highest at 48.6%, Gizzard (30.1%), liver (25.8%), and muscle (24.3%) in that order. No association was found between the occurrence of antibiotic residues and the location of the poultry markets sampled at P
Ray-based analysis of small-scale fading for indoor corridor scenarios at 15 GHz

This paper investigates the small-scale fading characteristics for indoor corridor scenarios at 15 GHz. In order to obtain the small-scale fading, the deterministic channel modeling based on ray-optical approach is adopted. Covering both antenna modeling and propagation modeling, the ray-optical model is verified by the measurements conducted along different corridors at 15 GHz. Based on the small-scale fading data, the Fade Depth and Ricean K-factor, as well as their cumulative probability functions are extracted and analyzed. Furthermore, the spatial property of Ricean K-factor at different positions is investigated. The influence of directional antennas towards the Ricean K-factor is also presented. These results will be helpful in the modeling of indoor corridor channels and can be used for wireless communication design at 15 GHz band.
vLibOS: Babysitting OS Evolution with a Virtualized Library OS

Many applications have service requirements that are not easily met by existing operating systems. Real-time and security-critical tasks, for example, often require custom OSes to meet their needs. However, development of special purpose OSes is a time-consuming and difficult exercise. Drivers, libraries and applications have to be written from scratch or ported from existing sources. Many researchers have tackled this problem by developing ways to extend existing systems with application-specific services. However, it is often difficult to ensure an adequate degree of separation between legacy and new services, especially when security and timing requirements are at stake. Virtualization, for example, supports logical isolation of separate guest services, but suffers from inadequate temporal isolation of time-critical code required for real-time systems. This paper presents vLibOS, a master-slave paradigm for new systems, whose services are built on legacy code that is temporally and spatially isolated in separate VM domains. Existing OSes are treated as sandboxed libraries, providing legacy services that are requested by inter-VM calls, which execute with the time budget of the caller. We evaluate a real-time implementation of vLibOS. Empirical results show that vLibOS achieves as much as a 50\% reduction in performance slowdown for real-time threads, when competing for a shared memory bus with a Linux VM.
CONTENTION RESOLUTION IN OPTICAL BURST SWITCHES USING FIBER DELAY LINE BUFFERS

Optical burst switching (OBS) is a circuit switching paradigm that provides very high throughput with reasonable delay. In OBS, the data burst size is not uniform and can be of any length. As the size of the data burst cannot be estimated in advance, several burst assembly techniques have been proposed. In this work, an estimation of data burst is done in advance which enable us to store the data burst. In this process, buffering of the data burst reduces average latency as well as it helps to improve the burst loss probability (BLP). Finally, the investigation indicates that the deflection routing along-with buffering of contending bursts provide an effective solution by decreasing the loss probability nearly 100 times.
0 Exploration of the phage population in bacterial mats of the Sippewisset salt marsh

The importance of phages in aquatic systems has been studied extensively and is reviewed in several recent articles [1, 2, 3, 4]. Although many studies have addressed the impact of viruses in the ocean, little is known about their ecology in other habitats. The aim of this project was to examine the presence and the diversity of phages in the bacterial mats of the Sippewisset marsh. For this purpose, the four most upper layers, upper green, purple, lower green and black, of a bacterial mat from the Sippewisset salt marsh were separated and bacteria and phages extracted by suspending the mat in sterile seawater. Using the DNA stain SYBR Green 1, phages were easily detectable in each of the layers, and their concentration was determined by direct counting of the fluorescently labeled particles. Transmission Electron Microscopy could confirm the presence of phages in the bacterial mat, but in spite of the relatively high concentration of phages that was determined by direct counts only a few phage particles could be found. This discrepancy is likely to be due to the sample preparation method that was used. Six different strains of purple non-sulfur bacteria isolated from the Sippewisset marsh during the Microbial Diversity Course were used for the attempt to isolate phage-host pairs, but a successful infection could not be
The Impact of Paleogene-Neogene Tectonic Evolution on Oil-Gas Exploration : The Case of Eastern Liaoning Province

We study Quercus liaotungensis oil and gas exploration prospect in the east of Liaoning province using a combination of geological and geophysical methods. We analyze the relationship between structures and oil-gas, the results show that: i) the area Paleogene-Neogene has experienced three major changes in structure, developed multiple stages, multi level of angular unconformity surface, intense tectonic movements, formed mainly of strike-slip faults associated structure, ii) it has clarified the sealing of strike-slip faults at multiple stages, which features a segment of the space and control of the formation of the 3 types of: tectonics, stratigraphy and lithology in the reservoir, iii) the area has three types of oil and gas reservoirs: a) the oil reservoir in Shengshun well block represented by Guanxia section and Dongying group, b) the stratigraphic onlap oil reservoir represented by Shengshun100 of Dongying group, and c) the lithologic reservoir represented by Shunsheng2 well block in Minghuazhen group.
Annotating communicative function and semantic content in dialogue act for construction of consulting dialogue systems

Our goal in this study is to train a dialogue manager that can handle consulting dialogues through spontaneous interactions from a tagged dialogue corpus. We have collected 130 hours of consulting dialogues in sightseeing guidance domain. This paper provides our taxonomy of dialogue act (DA) annotation that can describe two aspects of utterances. One is a communicative function (speech act), and the other is a semantic content of an utterance. We provide an overview of the Kyoto tour guide dialogue corpus and a preliminary analysis using the dialogue act tags.
CDO Correlation Smile / Skew in One-Factor Copula Models : An Extension with Smoothly Truncated α-Stable Distributions

We propose a one-factor model for credit derivatives with smoothly truncated stable distributed factors which combines the parsimony of the copula model structure with the flexibility of stable distributions. The one-factor copula model has become the market standard to price CDOs and tranched CDS index products. But the use of the normal distribution, as well as many alternatives as factor distributions, has lead to poorly reproduced market tranche spreads which resulted in the well-known correlation smiles. This short-coming is cured to a sufficient extent by our model.
EFFECTS OF MICROVESICLES ON CARDIOVASCULAR AGING

Faculdade Maurício de Nassau, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil (1) gabrielagnnascimento@hotmail.com Faculdade Maurício de Nassau, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil (2) andreyna.raquel@hotmail.com Faculdade Maurício de Nassau, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil (3) joilsafernanda@gmail.com Laboratório de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil (4) francielylima93@hotmail.com Faculdade Maurício de Nassau, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; UMR 7213 CNRS, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France (5) thaispribeiro@hotmail.com
ON THE ECOLOGY OF THE ARRHYTHMIC EQUATORIAL GECKO CNEMASPIS KENDALLII IN SINGAPORE ( SAURIA : GEKKONINAE )

ABSTRAC1: . Brief observations on the little-known 'rock-gecko' Cnemaspis kendallii in the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore, in November-December 1999, augmented by examination of museum specimens, have increased the knowledge of its behaviour, biology and ecological morphology. It inhabits both tree trunks of assorted types up to 2.5 m and granite rocks. It is active abroad both day and night, with a foraging mode that is an extreme sit-and-wait strategy (moving 0.28% of the time). Its small eye, with spectacle diameter of 5.25 percent of head and body length, is typical of diurnal scansorial geckos. The circular pupil of the eye differs from that of other diurnal geckos. The tail (when complete), 125.5 percent of head and body length, is unexpectedly long for an extreme sit-and-wait gecko. Clutches of two hard-shelled eggs are laid, the eggs, approx. 9.25 mm in diameter, stick to each other and to the substrate. The oviposition season extends at least over September-December, and possibly over the whole year.
An Informatics Infrastructure for Patient Safety and Evidence‐Based Practice in Home Healthcare

&NA; The informatics infrastructure for patient safety and evidence‐based practice (EBP) in home healthcare comprises data acquisition methods, healthcare standards including standardized terminologies, data repositories and clinical event monitors, data‐mining techniques, digital sources of evidence, and communication technologies. Although the components of an informatics infrastructure are available and applications that bring these components together to promote patient safety and enable EBP have demonstrated positive or promising results in the acute care setting, a number of challenges hinder implementation in home healthcare. Resolution of these challenges requires commitment and collaboration among key stakeholders.
Metrological aspects of computer based measurement systems in radionavigating complexes

The paper concerns estimation of correctness of detection, recognition and treatment of real signals in specialized computing devices. The classical approach to recognition of signals is complemented by construction of probabilistic space of machine analogues. Also, a technique of application of specialized computing devices to problems of certification of hardware-software decisions is described.
Letter by Herzig regarding article, "Electronic cigarettes: a scientific review".

I read with great interest the review on electronic cigarettes (EC) by Grana et al,1 which concludes that the pooled results of 5 population-based studies show a statistically significant negative correlation between EC use and cessation. They wrote that this contrasts with the assumption that EC functions as a better form of nicotine replacement therapy. However, inferences against EC-induced cessation from any of those studies contain 1 of the following flaws: 1. Two of the studies …
On the Potential Factors Affecting Language Teachers’ Selection of Communication Strategies in Intercultural Immersion Experience

Much of the literature on communicative competence focuses on the importance in intercultural communication and the acquisition of communicative competence, among which strategic competence deserves a special place. Most of these studies focus on foreign/second language learners, but few centre on the teachers. Based on a qualitative study of nine Chinese language teachers as 4-month visiting scholars in America, this paper mainly examines the factors affecting language teachers’ selection of communication strategies in intercultural immersion experience. The findings show that language proficiency, personality and group dynamics are the major factors for their choice of specific strategies in different contexts.
Effects of stocking density and beak trimming method on feeding behaviors of poultry

CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION Introduction Thesis Organization Literature Review References CHAPTER 2. EVALUATING EFFECTS OF CAGE STOCKING DENSITY ON FEEDING BEHAVIORS OF GROUP-HOUSED LAYING HENS Abstract Introduction Materials and Methods Equipment and Setup Experimental Hens Analysis of Feeding Characteristics Results and Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgements References CHAPTER 3. EVALUATING EFFECTS OF BEAK TRIMMING METHODS AND FEED FORMS ON FEEDING BEHAVIORS OF TURKEY POUL TS Abstract Introduction Materials and Methods Equipment and Setup v
Chapter 13 Responses of Bat Social Groups to Roost Loss : More Questions Than Answers

Though characterization of, and understanding determinants of, social structure in bats is increasing, little is known about how bat social groups respond to disturbance resulting in roost loss. Given that many species of bats roost in ephemeral or transitory resources such as plants, it is clear that bat social groups can tolerate some level of roost loss. Understanding responses of bat social groups to roost loss can provide insight into social structure that have applied conservation use. Herein, we review the existing literature on the effects of disturbance on bat social groups, and present a parameterizable agent-based model that can be used to explore the relationships among roost dynamics, population dynamics, and social behavior.