Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of sex on the meat quality of European wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa)

: Effect of sex on the meat quality of European wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa) . Forty carcasses (38.6–45.9 kg) from male and female (1 : 1) wild boar, which were shot in one hunting area during the 2014/2015 season, were studied. Samples of MLD were analysed for proximate chemical composition and fatty acid content of IMF as well as shear force and WHC. Values of AI and TI index were calculated. Statistical analysis con ﬁ rmed a signi ﬁ cant ( P ≤ 0.05) effect of sex on the water content of MLD, which was higher in males than in females. Protein content of MLD was high and averaged 24%. Meat was lean with IMF below 2%. The PUFA to SFA ratio was similar in both groups of sex, and the dietetically bene ﬁ cial n-6 to n-3 PUFA ratio was less than 4 : 1 because the proportion of n-3 PUFA was high at 4.7–5.1 g per 100 g of fat. The effect of sex of wild boar on AI was signi ﬁ cantly ( P ≤ 0.05) higher in males than in females. The results obtained show that the meat of wild boar of both groups of sex would be a rich source of protein in the human diet as well as a source of long--chain n-3 PUFA. The high level of long-chain n-3 PUFA is in line with dietary recommenda-tions for the low n-6/n-3 PUFA. Due to its health--promoting bene ﬁ ts, wild boar meat may provide an alternative to the meat of farm animals.
Beta-adrenergic Blockade Via Atenolol and Its Effects on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, and Renal Morphology in the Developing Chicken Gallus Gallus Domesticus

Chicken embryos were chronically exposed to the ? 1- blocker atenolol during one of three stages: mesonephros (E7-E9), mesonephros-metanephros (E11-E13), or metanephros (E15-E17). Mesonephros group hearts were larger than all other groups (P < 0.01). Mesonephros and metanephros group kidneys were larger than all remaining groups (P < 0.0001). The mesonephros group nephron number was ~40% lower than control values (P = 0.002). Glomerular areas were 26% and 18% larger than the control group in the mesonephros and metanephros groups, respectively (P < 0.001). These data suggest an E7-E9 critical window of cardiovascular and renal development for atenolol. Acute atenolol exposure in E15 embryos showed an increase in mean arterial pressure with all but the highest dose. All doses significantly decreased heart rate.
What Moves Stock Prices

To understand what moves stock prices, we decompose stock return variance into four components: market-wide information, stock-specific information revealed through news, stock-specific information revealed through trading on private information, and noise (temporary price deviations driven by illiquidity, price pressures, and frictions). We find that firm-specific information is mainly impounded in prices through trading on private information, rather than public news feeds. Both information and noise are significant drivers of firm-specific return variation and therefore the R^2 of a market model is not unambiguously associated with more or less informationally efficient prices. Applying our variance decomposition to a global sample we provide evidence on how the drivers of stock prices are affected by country-level institutional characteristics. Finally, we apply our decomposition to shed new light on what drives the distinctive time-series trends in R^2 in the US during the last half century.
The Origins of Evolutionary Innovations: A Theory of Transformative Change in Living Systems

1. Introduction 2. Metabolic innovation 3. Innovation through regulation 4. Novel molecules 5. The origins of evolutionary innovation 6. Genotype networks, self-organization, and natural selection 7. A synthesis of neutralism and selectionism 8. The role of robustness for innovation 9. Gene duplications and innovation 10. The role of recombination 11. Environmental change in adaptation and innovation 12. Evolutionary constraints and genotype spaces 13. Phenotypic plasticity and innovation 14. Towards continuous genotype spaces 15. Evolvable technology and innovation 16. Summary and outlook Bibliography Index
Music Effect on Distressed Relatives Waiting Outside ICUs.

Listening a music soothes irritate nerves, it stir up and melts emotion in tears though a process is unknown. A music CD of 30 minutes duration created by investigator. That consists of 8 Indian ragas played through 7 musical instruments by musicians. The limit of each music were2-5 minutes either single or combinations of 2to3 instruments. These Indian ragas effect are followings mood elevators, pleasing nerves, relieve insomnia, brings physical and mental relaxation, prepare deep slumber, soothing CNS and retain emotional outburst. Objectives of the study were to assess the level of distress experiencing among relatives of patients waiting outside critical care unit before and after introduction of intervention of listening above music and also to identify self rating relaxation after listening music half an hour. A pre-experimental one group design was considered suitable for the study considering mortality rate of ICU patients. Result showed distress score was reduced in signifant level and 96% participants experience maximum relaxation. Listening instrumental music has a positive effect on distressed mind and contributes relaxation without adverse effect. Study also revealed relaxing music can be used as an alternate coping measure in difficult situations.
Ecological genetics of freshwater fish: short review of the genotype-phenotype connection

Molecular ecology or ecological genetics is an expanding application of population genetics which has flourished in the last two decades but it is dominated by systematic and phylogeographic studies, with relatively little emphasis on the study of the genetic basis of the process of adaptation to different ecological conditions. The relationship between genotype and adaptive phenotypes is weak because populations are often difficult to quantify and experiments are logistically challenging or unfeasible. Interestingly, in freshwater fish, studies to characterize the genetic architecture of adaptive traits are not as rare as in other vertebrate groups. In this review, we summarize the few cases where the relationship between the ecology and genetics of freshwater fish is more developed, namely the relationship between genetic markers and ecological phenotypes
Self‐concepts of students with learning disabilities and their normally achieving peers: a review

In an attempt to test the assumption that children with learning disabilities (LD) have deficient self‐concepts, a number of studies have compared the self‐concepts of students with learning disabilities and their normally achieving (NA) peers. The purpose of this paper is to review recent studies that investigated the academic, social and general self‐concepts of students with LD and their NA peers and compare the results with those of a previous meta‐analysis of relatively older studies, by Chapman. Consistent with earlier findings, results of the present review indicated that the academic self‐concept of LD students is more negative than that of their NA peers. Unlike Chapman’s conclusion, however, the evidence is less clear for general self‐concept. This is also true for social self‐concept. Because the evidence that shows no group differences outweighs that indicating better social and general self‐concept scores for NA children, the conclusion that children with LD hold more negative social and general self‐concepts than do NA children is not warranted.
STAT1 and STAT2 are required for control of RSV replication in vivo (44.7)

IFN-α/β are thought to be a critical component of the antiviral immune response, but susceptibility to virus infections is not always impacted by the absence of the IFN-α/β receptor. Using a mouse model of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection we observed that mice lacking both the IFN-α/β and the IFN-γ receptors (IFN-αβ γR-/-) controlled virus replication as well as wild-type mice, whereas STAT1-/- or STAT2-/- mice did not. RSV infection of STAT1-/- or STAT2-/- mice resulted in a 100-fold increase in lung virus titers. We also demonstrated extensive virus spread in the nasal cavity of STAT1-/- and STAT2-/-, but not wild-type or IFN-α/β R-/- mice. The recently discovered type III, orλ, IFNs have also been shown to exert an antiviral effect via activation of the STAT1/STAT2 containing transcription factor ISGF3 which is formed in response to either IFN-α/β or IFN-λ signaling. We found that while RSV infection of wild-type mice induced production of both type I and type III IFNs, we were unable to detect IFN-λ expression or ISGF3 activation following infection of IFN-α/β R-/- mice. These data demonstrate that both STAT1 and STAT2 are necessary for inhibition of RSV replication in vivo, and suggest the existence of a novel pathway leading to their activation in the context of RSV infection. This research was supported by NIH grants R01 AI047226 and R01 DC00648
tRNA on the Ribosome: a Waggle Theory

This chapter discusses the position and actions of tRNA within the ribosome, a topic that includes some of the principal events of gene expression. It combines critical data to give a consistent picture of tRNA structure and dynamics during coding and chain extension on bacterial ribosomes. The chapter hypothesizes that the stability of the ribosome-bound tRNA, after a conformational change involving its D-anticodon domain (which is called "waggle"), may determine this slowed cognate dissociation rate. Accordingly, the energetics of the somewhat altered tRNA conformation within the ribosome must be considered to predict the outcome of a translational cycle. As one consequence, mutations in "noncoding" nucleotides that alter tRNA conformational preferences appear in genetic selections for coding phenotypes; waggle rationalizes varied genetic data under a single hypothesis. Waggle trades some of the strength of association for greater precision; because it is based on principles that generalize, this trade could be a frequently used strategy for precision in molecular complexes with potentially large interaction energies.
Theoretical study of dielectric effect on power in a contact-mode TENG

We analytically calculated the instantaneous maximum power from contact-mode triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) to inspect parametric dependencies, especially resistance and permittivity on the system power. Here, a uniform movement of the upper electrode at a constant velocity is assumed. The numerical results show that the power associated with device performance can be optimized using a dielectric constant as a given material characteristic with the resistor.
Adaptations of the Psychrotolerant Piezophile Photobacterium profundum Strain SS9

Strains of Photobacterium profundum and Shewanella violacea have become the work-horses for examining the adaptations of cold-adapted deep-sea microbes to high pressure. The chapter focuses on P. profundum, with an emphasis on strain SS9. Transposon mutagenesis, insertional mutagenesis, lacZ-based transcriptional reporter studies, allelic exchange, and complementation are all possible. SS9 is both the most psychrotolerant and the most piezophilic microorganism for which such studies have been reported. More recently its entire genome sequence has been determined, and transcriptome and comparative genomic analyses have been undertaken. The sections describe the roles of the membrane, membrane-associated signaling systems, and DNA recombination in SS9 piezoadaptation, and provide recent insights obtained from the SS9 genome sequence and functional and comparative genomics. Advances in genomic approaches have dramatically altered the understanding of the evolution, diversity, biochemistry, and physiology of life. These technologies have also been applied to two piezophiles: P. profundum strain SS9 and Shewanella violaceae strain DSS12, and additional sequencing projects are in the works. Genetic manipulations are needed to establish which genes actually influence growth ability at high pressure. Additional important issues are which piezophile-specific genes were acquired by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and which were lost by the mesophilic strain 3TCK, which genes 3TCK might have needed to acquire for adaptation to shallow-water and atmospheric pressure, and whether the last common ancestor to the P. profundum strains was piezophilic or mesophilic.
Purification and properties of a collagenolytic protease produced by Bacillus cereus MBL13 strain.

Summary A novel collagenase-producing bacterium has been isolated and identified as Bacillus cereus MBL13. From the culture supernatant of B. cereus MBL13 grown on bone collagen as the sole carbon and nitrogen source, an extracellular protease with novel property of hydrolyzing waste animal bones was purified. The molecular mass of the purified collagenolytic protease was estimated to be (38.0±1.5) kDa. As determined by amino acid analysis, it had high contents of asparagine, lysine and serine. The optimum temperature and pH for the collagenase activity were 40 °C and pH=8.0, respectively. The results of the effects of some metal ions, inhibitors and protein substrates suggested that the purified collagenolytic protease is a member of the metalloproteases. Type I collagen (the typical collagen in animal bone) was used as the substrate for determination of Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The obtained Km value was (1.31±0.05) g/L and the corresponding vmax value was (12.54±2.5) mmol/min. The study assumes that the collagenolytic protease purified from B. cereus MBL13 strain could be applied in the hydrolysis of waste animal bones.
Brugia Malayi: Depletion of Glutathione by Buthionine Sulfoximine

Glutathione is an intracellular reducing agent. It is synthesized by a two-step reaction catalyzed by ? -glutamylcysteine synthetase (? GCS) and glutathione synthetase. GCS, which is the rate limiting enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione, is inhibited specifically by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO). The enzyme was partially purified from the parasitic nematode Brugia malayi, the causative agents of lymphatic filaraiasis. BSO inhibits the enzyme activity in an irreversible manner. The Brugia enzyme was found to be 24-fold more sensitive to BSO than its mammalian counterparts. The inhibitor was also found effective in depleting the glutathione contents of the parasites with low concentration. The results may conclude that ? GCS is a potential target for the development of drugs against filariasis.
Fertility and paternity in the Eucalyptus snout-beetle Gonipterus scutellatus: females might benefit from sperm mixing

Mating in Gonipterus scutellatus is very long and lasts on average 6.98 ± 0.49 hr. This could be interpreted as a mechanism of male guarding, but males neither increase copulation duration nor ejaculate volume when sperm competition risk increases. We studied paternity patterns using RAPDs, and the influence of multiple matings on fertility, fecundity and sperm supply. Using twicemated females, we compared the percentage of polymorphic bands shared between first male/offspring, second male/offspring, mother/offspring, unrelated adults (males). In agreement with a previous study on paternity with the sterilemale technique, we found that sperm mixing seems the prevalent sperm competition mechanism. In a second experiment, adults were randomly assigned to three treatments: females mated only once; females allowed to mate ad libitum with one male; and females that could mate with seven different males. Females of the last group showed a significant increase in fertility. Additionally, we compared the stored sperm volumes among four groups: female whose copulation was interrupted after 15 min, those that mated once, twice or three times. This experiment indicates that sperm supply increases with the number of matings, excluding the possibility of sperm removal. These facts and the occurrence of sperm mixing might explain the lack of male response to increased male density in previous studies.
Regulation and Mechanistic Functions of Caspase-9 RNA Splicing

REGULATION AND MECHANISTIC FUNCTIONS OF CASPASE-9 RNA SPLICING By Ngoc Thanh Vu, B.Eng. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2014 Major Director: Charles E. Chalfant, Ph.D. Professor and Vice Chair, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Caspase-9 has two splice variants, pro-apoptotic caspase-9a and anti-apoptotic caspase-9b, and dysregulation of caspase-9 splice variant ratio or expression of caspase-9b isoform has been linked to augmentation of the anchorage-independent growth and tumorigenic capacity of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. This study focuses on cell signaling pathway(s) regulating the alternative splicing of caspase-9 pre-mRNA and mechanistic roles of caspase-9b in a certain oncogenic/survival pathway. In regards to the former, we have identified hnRNP U as a novel splice-enhancer associated with exon 3 of caspase-9 (C9/E3). Moreover, hnRNP U binds specifically to C9/E3 at an RNA cis-element previously reported as the binding site for the splicing repressor, hnRNP L. Phosphorylated hnRNP L interferes with hnRNP U for binding to C9/E3, and our results demonstrate the importance of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT pathway in modulating the association of hnRNP U to C9/E3. Overall, a mechanistic model has been revealed where hnRNP U competes with hnRNP L for C9/E3 binding to enhance the inclusion of the four-exon cassette, and this splice-enhancing effect is blocked by the AKT pathway via phosphorylation of hnRNP L. As to the latter aim, it is unknown about the mechanistic roles of caspase-9b besides the inhibitory effect on caspase-9a processing. In this study, caspase-9b has been demonstrated to have a dual function in regulating the survival/oncogenic nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway, which is independent from modulating caspase-9a activation. In particular, caspase-9b has been shown to activate the canonical arm and inhibit the non-canonical arm of the NF-κB pathway by destabilizing NF-κB inhibitor alpha (IκB-α) and NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK). Importantly, this new role for caspase-9b contributes to the enhanced survival and anchorage-independent growth of NSCLC cells conferred by caspase-9b expression. Further mechanistic studies have demonstrated a direct association of caspase-9b with the cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (cIAP1), a regulatory factor in both arms of the NF-κB network, via its IAP-binding motif. Through this interaction, caspase-9b induces the E3 ligase activity of cIAP1, which regulates NF-κB activation, and promotes the survival, anchorage-independent growth and tumorigenicity of NSCLC cells. Overall, a novel tumorigenic mechanism has been identified, by which alternative mRNA processing regulates the NF-κB signaling independent of external agonist.
libcrn, an Open-Source Document Image Processing Library

In this paper we introduce libcrn, a multiplatform open-source document image processing library aimed at researchers and companies. It is written in C++11 and has a non-contaminating license that makes it available for use in any project without legal constraints. The features include low-level image processing (color format conversion, binarization, convolution, PDE…), document images specific tools (connected components extraction, recursive block description, PDF export…), maths (matrix arithmetics, linear algebra, GMMs, equation solvers…), classification and clustering (kNN, k-means, HMMs…). The API is comprehensively documented and libcrn's architecture follows modern C++ guidelines to facilitate the handling of the library and enforce its safe usage. A sample OCR, which is only 30 lines long, is described to illustrate libcrn's scope of possibilities.
Seasonal Variation in Species Composition of Fishes in the Eelgrass Beds in Angel Bay of the Southern Coast of Korea

Seasonal variation in species composition of fishes in the eelgrass bed in Angel Bay of the southern coast of Korea was determined using monthly samples by a beam trawl from April 1998 to March 1999, A total of 39 species, 2,065 individuals and 8,930 g of fishes were collected during the study period. The fish were composed of the small-sized resident species and the juveniles of Leiognathus nuchalis, Pholis nebulosa, Spgnathus schlegeli and Sebastes ineinis predominated in abundance, accounting for of total number of individuals. The number of species and biomass were low from December to March when the water temperature was low, The biomass increased by the catch of a large number of L. nuchalis and S. inemis in April and May when the eelgrass grew fast. The fish numbers decreased in June and July when the adults of the resident species declined after the spawning. A large number of juveniles which had released in spring occurred in August. The biomass of fish decreased from September, and a few number of fish were collected in winter. Species were grouped into four by cluster analysis: the warm season group including P. nebulosa, S. schlegeli and L. nuchalis, the cold season group including Chaenogobius heptaoanthus and Platycephalus indieus, the group of fish species occurred during the growing season of eelgrass such as P. couoides, S. inermis and P. perooides, and the group of fish species occurred during decaying season of eelgrass such as S. cirrhifer and H. coronatus. Principal component analysis indicated that seasonal variation in species composition was determined by the water temperature and standing crops of eelgrass.
CLINICAL PERFORMANCE OF ENDOCROWNS VS GLASS FIBER POST IN RESTORING ENDODONTICALLY TREATED FIRST PERMANENT MOLAR IN CHILDREN; A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL WITH 1 YEAR FOLLOW-UP

Purpose: to compare the clinical performance of endocrowns versus the fiber posts with composite cores used in restoring endodontically treated 1st permanent molar in children using FDI criteria.Materials& Methods: A single blind and parallel group study carried on 28 patients in the age group 10–13 years visiting endodontic clinic at MSA University seeking endodontic treatment of their decayed 1st lower molars. One week after completing endodontic treatment, patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: Group A (n=14): received lithium disilicate (IPS. emax-press) endocrowns & Group B (n=14): received glass fiber post with composite core. A clinical evaluation of debonding, fracture, caries and patient satisfaction was performed by a single examiner. Each was scored from 1 to 5 according to FDI where; 1 was clinically very good, and 5 was a clinically poor restoration that must be replaced. Patients were evaluated and recalled regularly at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Results: Regarding the restoration debonding and fracture; group A(endocrowns) showed 100% survival throughout all periods of follow up while group B (glass fiber posts with composite cores) showed decrease in survival rate over time. As for evaluation of caries and patient satisfaction; both groups were not statistically significant different.Conclusion: Endocrowns can be considered a clinically successful restoration for endodontically treated teeth in general and the concept can be adapted to the endodontically treated teeth in children.Clinical significant: Although more studies with increased sample size and long term follow-up are still required, endocrowns can be a permanent restorative option for endodontically treated 1st permanent molar in young age with a high success rates.