Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SYMPOSIUM: PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE ANNUAL CLOSED MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL HIP SOCIETY The Etiology of Osteoarthritis of the Hip An Integrated Mechanical Concept

The etiology of osteoarthritis of the hip has long been considered secondary (eg, to congenital or developmental deformities) or primary (presuming some underlying abnormality of articular cartilage). Recent information supports a hypothesis that so-called primary osteoarthritis is also secondary to subtle developmental abnormalities and the mechanism in these cases is femoroacetabular impingement rather than excessive contact stress. The most frequent location for femoroacetabular impingement is the anterosuperior rim area and the most critical motion is internal rotation of the hip in 90 flexion. Two types of femoroacetabular impingement have been identified. Cam-type femoroacetabular impingement, more prevalent in young male patients, is caused by an offset pathomorphology between head and neck and produces an outside-in delamination of the acetabulum. Pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement, more prevalent in middleaged women, is produced by a more linear impact between a local (retroversion of the acetabulum) or general overcoverage (coxa profunda/protrusio) of the acetabulum. The damage pattern is more restricted to the rim and the process of joint degeneration is slower. Most hips, however, show a mixed femoroacetabular impingement pattern with cam predominance. Surgical attempts to restore normal anatomy to avoid femoroacetabular impingement should be performed in the early stage before major cartilage damage is present. Level of Evidence: Level V, therapeutic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Thrombin-Induced NF- B Activation and ICAM-1 Transcription in Endothelial Cells

As thrombin binding to the G protein–coupled proteinase activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) induces endothelial adhesivity to leukocytes through NFB activation and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression, we determined the signaling pathways mediating the response. Studies showed that the heterotrimeric G proteins, G q, and the G dimer were key determinants of the PAR-1 agonist peptide (TFLLRNPNDK)-induced NFB activation and ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells. Cotransfection of RGS3T, a regulator of G-protein signaling that inhibits G q, or -transducin (G t), a scavenger of the G , markedly decreased NFB activity induced by PAR-1 activation. We determined the downstream signaling targets activated by G q and G that mediate NFB activation. Expression of the kinase-defective protein kinase C (PKC)mutant inhibited NFB activation induced by the constitutively active G q mutant, but had no effect on NFB activity induced by G 1 2. In related experiments, NFB as well as ICAM-1 promoter activation induced by G 1 2 were inhibited by the expression of the dominant-negative mutant of 85-kDa regulatory subunit of PI 3-kinase; however, the expression of this mutant had no effect on the response induced by activated G q. Cotransfection of the catalytically inactive Akt mutant inhibited the NFB activation induced by the constitutively active PI 3-kinase mutant as well as that by the activated forms of G q and PKC. These results support a model in which ligation of PAR-1 induces NFB activation and ICAM-1 transcription by the engagement of parallel G q/PKCand G /PI3-kinase pathways that converge at Akt. (Circ Res. 2002;91:398-405.)
Delirium in Old Age : Pathophysiological and Pharmacological Aspects

markdownabstractDelirium, an acute neuropsychiatric syndrome, affects approximately 1 out of 3 older patients admitted to the hospital and is associated with poor outcomes, including increased rates of postdischarge institutionalization, cognitive decline and mortality. Approximately 20 to 25% of the patients who experience delirium dies within 6 to 12 months. Despite the high prevalence and clinical impact, very little is known about the underlying pathogenesis. In this thesis, we have investigated potential novel biomarkers of delirium and the role of pharmacological agents in the development of delirium. The findings may contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology and may help to improve the prediction, detection and treatment of this syndrome.
Problematising ourselves: continuing professional development in higher education

The problem of continuing professional development (sometimes capitalised as CPD) of professionals in higher education is that it operates around a series of unresolved tensions: between higher education institutions as major providers for other professionals and as a relatively new provider in terms of its own professional development; between the prestige associated with continuing professional development in the service of research and that accorded to learning and teaching. These problems are compounded by a tendency to regard professional or staff development as comprising only those sorts of activities that are formally recognised. Rather than attempting to resolve these two tensions, the paper argues that problematising our conceptions of continuing professional development can open up space for debate. The paper re‐visits some of the recent history of CPD in order to pinpoint some of the contradictions. This allows new questions to emerge: for example about whether the multiple practices of continuing professional development constitute “domesticating” (Land, 2001) or more critical tendencies within the newly emerging regimes in higher education. The arguments have implications for practising educational developers in meeting the challenges of a broader mandate for CPD, and in recognising the importance of the non‐formal in development practice. The paper takes its examples mostly from an English context, but many of the contradictions highlighted are relevant to other state‐dependent higher education systems.
Book Review

As can be seen, the book is rather old and is not about, but instead of concern for, psychoanalysis, as can be seen below. I wrote a thorough presentation and critique of the book when it last year appeared in Swedish translation, and the Forum ’s editors thought that a critical review might be interesting for its readers. The review with its bibliography of references can be found at: www.lennartramberg. praktik ertjanst.se.
Actual Approaches in Prevention of Early Childhood Caries

Objective: The studies which based on preventive programs presented that promotion of the mother's oral health status and diet habits provide a simple, long-term and very important protection on the infant caries. Also, it is reported that oral health educations, preventive applications and dietery recommendations can prevent bacterial transmission from mothers to infants during the infectivity window. The aim of this paper is to explore actual preventive approaches in eliminating the occurrence of dental caries in early primary dentition period. Methods: A comprehensive literature search of the basic and actual published studies in PubMed/MEDLINE regarding the efficacy of preventive methods and dental treatments aiming to prevent of early childhood caries was performed. Conclusion: Preventive interventions in mothers may cause decline in the future caries experience of infants. Dental treatment of mothers with high numbers of MS by dietary and antimicrobial measures could reduce the risk of spreading cariogenic microorganisms to their infants and thus reduces the caries risk in the children.
Moderne Bildgebung in der Neuroonkologie

Zusammenfassung Die Bildgebung bei intrakraniellen Malignomen hat sich in den vergangenen beiden Jahrzehnten erheblich gewandelt. Dieser Übersichtsartikel beschreibt den aktuellen Stand der bildgebenden Diagnostik für die drei häufigsten Entitäten, die Gliome, Metastasen und Meningeome und geht dabei sowohl auf technische Grundlagen als auch auf die Anwendung in der Diagnostik, Therapieplanung und im Follow-Up ein.
Bookisms:

In this issue we review three books, two of which deal with knowledge and knowledge management and the third deals with the many collaboration techniques coming to market. The first two are solid works by people who are leaders in the field, including Laurence Prusak, coauthor with Tom Davenport of the most widely read Knowledge management book (Davenport and Prusak, 1995) published in the United States (see review in Volume 15, No. 3, Summer 1998 issue of ISM) and Ikujiro Nonaka (1991) from Japan who wrote the original knowledge management article in Harvard Business Review. The third book, Wikinomics, by Don Tapscott and coauthor, praises collaboration developments from Wikis to MySpace and beyond, written in a breathless, advertising style that may not appeal to everyone.
Introduction

As this special issue of India Review goes to press – in early November 2004 – the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government, under the leadership of prime minister Manmohan Singh, is still in its infancy. This new coalition has begun to work out its approach to economic issues, by means of negotiation among the parties in this diverse coalition, and through the work of agencies like the Planning Commission, now led by Montek Singh Ahluwalia, one of the original architects of India’s reforms and, as it happens, a contributor to this collection of essays. A change in government presents an opportune moment to take stock of a country’s economic policy agenda – to assess not just what should be done, and what can be managed, but also trends that have shaped both the most recent generation of reform and the political terrain on which the next one will be played out. As finance minister from 1991 to 1996, Manmohan Singh was a key player in India’s dramatic turn towards a more market-oriented economy. His economic leanings are by now reasonably well known. During his earlier stint in the cabinet, however, Singh could rely on prime minister P. V. Narasimha Rao to manage the politics of reform. Narasimha Rao’s decisions sometimes made life difficult for his finance minister – as when Singh’s subsidy-cutting budget proposals in 1991 were quickly abandoned in the face of mass demonstrations. Such humiliating policy “rollbacks” are now a regular feature of the budget speech drama. Having been initiated into this curious rite following his first budget speech in 1998, Yashwant Sinha – finance minister during most of the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) government – reportedly made it his practice in future years to draft a “rollback announcement” even before presenting his budget to parliament. This is a stark reminder of the pervasiveness of politics in the reform process: an
Factors Associated With Diet and Exercise Among Overweight and Obese Older Hispanics With Diabetes

Understanding personal and family support factors influencing lifestyles among older overweight and obese Hispanics with type 2 diabetes is critical for enhancing disease management. A survey was administered to 115 respondents recruited using convenience sampling. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for analyses. More than two thirds of participants have never received diabetes education. Family support was significantly associated with diet. Gender, marital status, and education were associated with exercise. Diabetes education was associated with both diet and exercise. Family-based diabetes education in community settings may be an effective strategy for promoting healthy behaviors among older overweight/obese Hispanics.
Reading Fluency and Self‐Efficacy: A case study

In this case study, reading fluency was examined within the context of a paired reading instructional intervention. Additionally, this study explored reader self‐perceptions and the nature of the lived experience of reading for a less‐skilled reader. A single‐subject changing criterion design was employed. Baseline reading fluency data were collected prior to the introduction of the intervention, as well as during the 11‐week intervention. Reading rates and accuracy percentages were calculated during the baseline and instructional phases, and probed during the maintenance phase. In addition, a reading maze procedure was used periodically to investigate reading comprehension. The Reader Self‐Perception Scale (Henk & Melnick, 1995) was administered on three occasions, and informal interviews were conducted and analysed for recurring themes to explore the lived experience of having reading fluency difficulties. Reading fluency improved substantially, scores on the Reader Self‐Perception Scale were in the average range, and accuracy and comprehension scores remained stable and high throughout the study.
Book Reviews

In Ethics and HRD, Tim Hatcher argues that for too long most companies and HRD professionals have emphasized economic profit over responsibility to community, society and the environment. This has contributed to an increase in unethical corporate behavior, exemplified by the exposed wrongdoings of large, global companies such as Enron and WorldCom. Hatcher points out that unethical behavior not only can cause the downfall of once respected or prosperous corporations, it can also decrease worker morale and trust, affect a company’s public image and ultimately decrease earnings. He encourages ‘systems thinking’, thinking of companies as part of a larger, global or even universal system, which requires recognizing and understanding the interconnectedness of companies, humans, communities, societies, the environment, the earth, etc. The book is mainly descriptive in that it endeavors to help HRD professionals develop a theoretical framework for viewing ethics in relation to HRD and understand current issues that involve ethics at many levels. Hatcher repeatedly mentions that being active in ethics research and development could play a big role in helping HRD define itself as a profession. Only at the end does Hatcher suggest initiatives HRD professionals can take to influence corporate responsibility while at the same time creating a foundation for the profession of HRD itself. The book is divided into three sections. In part 1, Hatcher explains why there is a need for ethics in HRD. Our world is constantly changing, and HRD professionals are highly involved in helping people in organizations change in response to the environment. It is important that values and ethics be considered when initiating change aimed at creating sustainable organizations. Hatcher points to two significant aspects of modern society that have created the need for adaptability or change and a greater focus on ethics: globalization and technology. The issues involved with each of these are vast and broad. As is the case throughout the book, concern for the environment shapes Hatcher’s thoughts. Among the consequences of globalization are the depletion of natural resources, largely in Third World countries, and the disintegration of native cultures. The rapid pace of technological growth is creating broader gaps in knowledge and access, while having ecological and cultural impacts as well. Hatcher argues that the environment and society cannot support such sustained growth and depletion of resources, and that HRD should play a lead role in addressing these issues. Human Resource Development International, Vol. 9, No. 3, 437 – 441, September 2006
Conservative Monetary Policy Rule and Inflation Mitigation Policies

This paper studies an enforceable conservative monetary policy rule and the welfare implications of inflation mitigation policies. By applying Rogoff's idea of appointing a conservative central banker to Barro and Gordon's framework, we derive the optimal degree of conservatism of society when the policy rule is enforceable in a multi-period set-up. In our work, the exact range of the parameter used to measure the degree of conservatism for the enforceable policy rule is expressed by some important parameters in the model such as the marginal cost of inflation, the slope coefficient in the Phillips curve, and the time discount factor. Using the basic set-up, we re-investigate Fischer and Summers' finding on the welfare effects of some inflation mitigation policies for the case of the reputational equilibrium under the conservative monetary policy rule. [E50]
Renal perfusion, function and oxygenation after major surgery and in septic shock

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and dreaded complication to severe illness and major surgery, with major impact on morbidity and mortality. The aim of this doctoral thesis was to increase the knowledge on renal pathophysiology and to explore potential interventions for treatment and prevention of AKI after cardiac surgery, liver transplantation and in early clinical septic shock. Patients and methods: Patients were studied in the intensive care unit (ICU) immediately after surgery, and in septic shock patients within 24 hours from admission to ICU. We studied the renal effects of a crystalloid (Ringers-acetate®) and a colloid (Venofundin®) fluid as plasma volume expanders after uncomplicated cardiac surgery (paper I, n=30), renal pathophysiology and the renal effects of target mean arterial pressure (tMAP) after liver transplantation (paper II n=12, and II, respectively, n=10), and renal pathophysiology in early clinical septic shock (paper IV, n=8). Renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were measured by renal vein thermodilution and renal extraction of 51Cr-EDTA, respectively. In paper IV, RBF was measured by infusion clearance for para-aminohippurate (PAH). Results: RBF is increased by both crystalloid and colloid fluid when used as plasma volume expander after cardiac surgery, but due to hemodilution, neither of the fluids increases renal oxygen delivery (RDO2). The crystalloid-induced increase in GFR is associated with impaired renal oxygenation, which is not seen with the colloid. After liver transplantation, vasodilation of the efferent arterioles causes a renal vasodilation and a fall in GFR. Renal oxygen consumption (RVO2) is considerably increased early after liver transplantation, despite the lower GFR. The increased RBF seen after liver transplantation is not sufficient to meet the increased RVO2, resulting in an impaired renal oxygenation. Early after liver transplantation, a tMAP of 75 mmHg, compared to 60 mmHg, improves RBF and GFR without impairing renal oxygenation. In early clinical septic shock, there is a fall in GFR and RDO2 caused by a constriction of renal afferent arterioles, accompanied by a sodium reabsorption at a high oxygen cost, which together with the reduced RDO2 impairs renal oxygenation, causing renal tubular injury. Conclusions: Treatment of hypovolemia with a bolus dose of crystalloid fluid impairs renal oxygenation after uncomplicated cardiac surgery. In liver transplant recipients, renal function is severely reduced and renal oxygenation is impaired due to a high RVO2 not matched by a proportional increase in RDO2. In liver recipients, RBF and GFR are pressure-dependent due to the loss of renal autoregulation at a MAP < 75 mmHg. In early clinical septic shock, GFR and RDO2 are reduced because of renal vasoconstriction, causing impaired renal oxygenation and a tubular injury.
EU ideology

The idea of Europe was radically transformed after the accomplishment of the idea of European unification. The European Union (EU) and Europe at the beginning of the twenty-first century were defined by a broad common ideology that consists of ideologies such as antinationalism, social democracy, pacificism and environmentalism. These ideologies are presented by pro-EU scholars and politicians as ideologies rooted in European history and parts of European identity and as being mostly absent in the American policies. The emergence of EU ideology is traced in the relaunch of European integration in the mid-1980s and in Delors’ conflict with Thatcher. It is argued that the emergence of EU ideology is the result of two long-term historical developments: the deepening and enlargement of European integration; and the changing relations between the USA and Europe. It is concluded that the emergence of EU ideology resembles the emergence of nationalism and national ideologies.
Convergence and Diversity in HRD

There is a tension between the national context and the global reach of the field of human resource development. The core concepts and language of HRD are by origin Anglo-Saxon, yet increasingly come under challenge with the emergence of a global community of HRD scholars. Furthermore, the differences within the Englishspeaking world of HRD scholars have long been apparent. In this issue of Human Resource Development International, this diversity is displayed in relation to core HRD concepts such as e-learning, professional learning, competence, and workrelated learning. However, before commenting on the papers that illustrate these diverse international perspectives, we shall start by commenting upon Bob Hamlin’s comparative study of Britishand American-derived models of leadership – a study that paradoxically points towards convergence. Every once in a while Human Resource Development International receives papers that generate controversy because they go against the grain of current discourse. Hamlin’s is such a paper. It is controversial because current research into leadership takes a contingent, contextual and cultural-specific approach as axiomatic. Therefore it is somewhat surprising to see Hamlin arguing for the ‘universality’ of managerial leadership effectiveness constructs. A comparative analysis of the criteria and function of leadership shows that the majority of the behavioural competencies comprising the two models are strongly and significantly similar across cultures and are more universalistic than contingent. By contrast, Françoise Delamare Le-Deist and Jonathan Winterton are coming from the opposite direction in their exploration of the definitions and usage of ‘competence’, especially in the context of public policy training and development initiatives in the USA and Europe. They argue that;
Mold and the Construction Industry

Mold has become a major environmental concern in homes and in the workplace. Indeed, mold spores are found almost everywhere, but current legal cases and media coverage of mold problems inside buildings have projected this indoor air quality issue into the public spotlight. A member of the Fungi Kingdom, mold needs a source of food and water to survive and grow. Cellulose-rich building materials, including wood studs, drywall, ceiling panels, carpeting, wallpaper, and insulation (when wet), may serve as nutrient source to mold. Furthermore, certain mold species have been known to produce allergic reactions and illnesses in humans. This paper examines various available factors that impact mold damage in buildings, and discusses health effects on people, and describes the impact that it is having on the construction industry. It discusses building materials and practices that promote the growth of mold in buildings and outlines recommendation for testing, abatement, and remediation and the control of moisture, air, and humidity in buildings as various means of controlling the growth of mold in buildings.