Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plasminogen and its fragments in rat brain: a plausible role for astrocytes in angiostatin generation

The purpose of the present study was to examine the plasminogen localization and to detect levels of its fragments (angiostatins) in various regions of rat brain as well as to establish whether rat brain astrocytes could be involved in angiostatin production. It was shown immunohistochemically that plasminogen is distributed broadly in the various brain regions, with predominant expression in meningeal layer and IV, V, and VI layers or cerebral cortex, dentate gyrus, meningeal and Purkinje cells, molecular and granular layers of cerebellum, as well as vessel walls. Angiostatin polypeptides were detected by Western blot analysis mostly in the cerebral cortex and were represented by 50 and 40-30 kda polypeptides. In the whole cell lysates from primary cultures of rat astrocytes, immunoreactive polypeptides with mm ~ 92, 84, 65-60, 50, 40, 38-30 kda, correspon ding to native plasminogen and a variety of its truncated products, including angiostatin polypeptides, were revealed. Incubation of astrocytes with exogenous plasminogen resulted in gradual increasing levels of some plasminogen fragments, particularly 30 kda protein. moreover, this polypeptide appeared to be the single angiostatin released by astrocytes in vitro. We report here for the first time that astrocytes are one of the cell types in CNS that could be responsible for angiostatin formation and releasing.
Leadership and Creativity

This article reports on the literature associated with the role of transformational leadership on followers’ creativity. Reviewing the literature indicated that transformational leadership behaviors closely match the determinants of innovation and creativity at the workplace, some of which are vision, support for innovation, autonomy, encouragement, recognition, and challenge. In fact, transformational leaders can encourage creativity through intrinsic motivation, empowerment of followers, and climate supportive of innovation at work environment. It is suggested that leaders should develop their style of leadership and learn the transformational leadership components of charisma (idealized influence), inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration in order to enhance the creative performance of their employees.
Thickness Effect on Fluctuation of Electron States in Thin Film and Implication to Lattice Constant Change Due to Size Reduction

We propose a model for predicting the fluctuations of electron states in thin films as function of film thickness. The model was derived based on the assumption of the existence of potential barrier fluctuations on the film surface. Since the wave functions of electrons in the film is determined by the boundary conditions of potential on the film surface, potential fluctuations on the film surface implies the fluctuations of electron states in the film. The model was then extended to predict the effect of size on the lattice constant of thin films or nanoparticles. The derived equations can explain fairly several experimental data.
Influence of Parity and Index Child Factors on Adoption of Exclusive Breastfeeding by Nursing-Mothers in Imo State Nigeria

This study determined the influence of nursing-mothers’ parity and index child factors on adoption of exclusive breastfeeding practice by rural nursing-mothers in Imo State Nigeria. Nigeria has only 13% compliance to exclusive breastfeeding practice, hence the need for this study that employed descriptive survey design to obtain information from 340 nursing mothers from three selected communities in the state. The target population of the study was all the 405 nursing-mothers with children aged twenty-four months and below in the selected communities but 340 nursing-mothers responded. Instruments for data collection were structured questionnaire and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Reliability of the instrument was established and r = 0.8. Ten nursing mothers from each of the communities participated in FGD. Results of the study revealed that exclusive breastfeeding practice was 13.5% in the target communities. Only parity, place of ante-natal care and place where the child was delivered were statistically significant (P
FLUCTUATING THERMAL AND MASS DIFFUSION ON UNSTEADY FREE CONVECTION FLOW PAST A VERTICAL PLATE IN SLIP-FLOW REGIME

The unsteady free convective viscous incompressible flow past an infinite vertical porous flat plate with periodic heat and mass transfer in slip-flow regime is discussed. Assuming variable suction at the porous plate, approximate solutions are obtained for velocity, skin-friction, temper- ature, heat transfer and species concentration. During the course of discussion, the effects of Gr (Grashof number based on temperature), Gc (modified Grashof number based on concentration difference), Sc (Schmidt number), A (suction parameter) and ω (frequency) for Pr=0.71 (air) have been presented.
Poking Membrane, Necking Tether

Thin cylindrical tethers are ubiquitous structures in lipid bilayer membranes, arising in situations ranging from micromanipulation experiments on artificial vesicles to the dynamic structure of the Golgi apparatus. We study the shape and formation of a tether in a simplified situation: an initially flat membrane disk under tension subject to a point force. We show how a tether forms from the elastic boundary layer near the point of application of the force for sufficiently large displacement.
ZAP70-Related SCID: Non-Redundant Dual Functions of the ZAP70 Catalytic and Scaffolding Regions

Copyright: © 2012 Isakov N. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Primary Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) is a form of heritable immunodeficiency, characterized by impaired adaptive immune responses [1]. It includes a group of genetic disorders originated by defects in one of several different genes that are critical for T lymphocyte production and/or function and involve defects in B lymphocytes as a primary or secondary cause [2].
Talents, Creativity and Innovation in Austria and the Czech Republic: A Cross-Border Empirical Investigation

A comprehensive cross-border empirical investigation has been carried out in the framework of an intercultural European Union Project (The Czech Republic/Austria) in the border regions of South Bohemia and NorthernAustria. The aimwas to gain knowledge in terms of the statusquo of creativity and innovation, as well as the situation and requirements in terms of working and living in the region. Thereby, emphasis is placed on the needs and requirements of young people (talents) in order to see who would be willing and able to stay in the region and promote creativity, and social/regional innovation and transformation.
Confabulation or experience? Implications of out-of-body experiences for theories of consciousness

Difficulties in distinguishing veridical reports of experience from confabulations have implications for theories of consciousness. I develop some of these implications through a consideration of out-of-body experiences (OBEs). Do these variations indicate individual variation in experience or are they post-hoc confabulations, stories told by subjects to themselves in an attempt to make sense of the core phenomenology? I argue that no existent or possible evidence would be sufficient to favour one hypothesis over the other. How such evidence is interpreted depends on prior commitments to one or other of these hypotheses or to a theory of consciousness that is not neutral as to these hypotheses. One of these types of theory, namely vehicle theories, has difficulty accommodating the existence of confabulations and so allows for only the elaborate phenomenology hypothesis. Because we cannot know that reports are not confabulations, vehicle theories are insufficient to explain OBEs.
MALL OTOMOTIF MANADO (High Tech Architecture)

Pada desain Mall Otomotif di Manado menggunakan tema Arsitektur High Tech . Mall yang awalnya merupakan suatu pusat perbelanjaan di tempat terbuka berubah menjadi pusat perbelanjaan pada bangunan tertutup dengan mengutamakan kenyamanan pengunjung. Arsitektur High Tech adalah konsep desain yang diartikan sebagai suatu aliran gaya arsitektur yang bermuara pada ide gerakan arsitektur modern yang membesar-besarkan struktur dan teknologi pada suatu bangunan. Dengan ciri khasnya, Arsitektur High Tech menjadi pilihan untuk menjawab tantangan perancangan Mall Otomotif ini dengan transparansi, fleksibilitas perletakan unsur utilitas, dan ekspresi teknologi dapat memberikan identitas unik pada suatu bangunan. Oleh karena itu, masalah dalam desain Mall ini adalah belum tersedianya bangunan khusus untuk mewadahi berbagai macam kegiatan yang mewadai minat masyarakat Manado terhadap bidang Otomotif serta bagaimana menghadirkan suatu bangunan yang dapat menarik minat masyarakat agar datang berkunjung. Tujuannya adalah menghadirkan suatu bangunan dalam memfasilitasi minat masyarakat pada bidang otomotif selain dapat mengekspresikan bidang otomotif melalui bentuk dan penerapan tema juga dapat menarik pengunjung serta mendukung fungsi komersial bangunan. Untuk menghasilkan objek desain Mall ini maka dilakukan pendekatan perancangan dengan pendekatan tipologis bentuk bangunan mall, pendekatan tematik High Tech Architecture , serta pendekatan lokasi dan tapak dengan tujuan menghadirkan suatu objek mall di manado untuk menampung kegiatan jual beli dan pameran. Kata kunci: Arsitektur High Tech, Otomotif
Corporate capital structure revisited: incomplete markets and default

After Modigliani and Miller (1958) presented their capital structure irrelevance proposition, analysis of corporate …nancing choices involving debt and equity instruments have generally followed two trends in the literature, where models either incorporate informational asymmetries or introduce tax bene…ts in order to explain optimal capital structure determination (Myers, 2002). None of these features is present in this paper, which develops an asset pricing model with the purpose of providing a positive theory of corporate capital structure by replicating main aspects of standard contractual practice observed in real markets. Alternatively, the imperfect market structure of the economy is tailored to match what is most common in corporate reality. Allowance for default on corporate debt with an associated penalty of seizure of …rm’s future cash ‡ows by creditors is introduced, for instance. In this context, a qualitative assessment of …nancial managers’decisions is carried out through numerical procedures.
Factors Affecting HIV Positive Status Disclosure among People Living with HIV in West Showa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia; 2013

Background: Disclosure of HIV positive status to at least one family members or relative is paramount important for adherence to highly active anti retroviral therapy (HAART) which enters increase survival and quality life of the people living with HIV (PLHIV). Despite the importance of HIV sero positive status disclosure most PLHIV concealed their sero status from their family/relatives even from their sexual partner. The aim of this study was to assess factors that affect PLHIV to disclose their HIV positive status to their sexual partner. Methods: A cross-sectional study using quantitative research approach supplemented by qualitative methods was conducted from October to March 2013 among 360 people living with HIV (PLHIV) attending ART clinic in Ambo Hospital. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected through face to face interview and focus group discussion using pre-tested structured questionnaire and semi structured interview guides, respectively. Crude and adjusted odds ratios using logistic regression analysis were used to explore associations between different variables and HIV status disclosure. Results: The study revealed that the prevalence of HIV status disclosure to at least one person was 86.2% (95% CI: 82.5-89.3); whereas 84.9% study subjects were disclose their HIV positive sero status to their sexual partner. Marital status (AOR = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.036-0.39), knowledge of partner HIV status (AOR = 5.7, 95% CI: 1.89-17.4), prior discussion about HIV/AIDs (AOR = 6.3, 95% CI: 1.05-38.12), length since HIV test done (AOR = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.01-0.32), and being on HAART (AOR = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.03-0.46) were significant predictors of HIV status disclosure to sexual partners. Conclusion: Knowledge of partner HIV status, prior discussion about HIV/AIDS before test, length since tested for HIV and ART initiation were significantly associated with HIV positive status disclosure to sexual partner. Hence the health workers should address the issue of open discussion among couples to enhance HIV status disclosure to sexual partner and decrease HIV status transmission by hiding once HIV positive status due to fear of divorce, stigma and discrimination.
A Deductive Approach to Biogenesis

This article reviews the main arguments on the nature of the early startu p of life. It first puts the biogenetical processes into a physical and systems-theoretical perspective. Biogenesis in this case would not be about the construction of individual molecules according to a chemical approach, but about building up an energetically selfsustaining, dynamically organized chemical system from scratch. Initially, this system would have separated out from generally operating physicochemical processes, gradually becoming more independent of them. As a system, it had to build up its structure stepwise, each stage being more complex and stable than the previous one, without, however, changing its basic structure too much; as long as the structure of a system stays intact, it still operates in the same way even if chemical constituents change. This property of a system became especially useful when the systems, which had already evolved and operated for some 1.3 billion years, had to adapt to new environmental conditions at the time of the Great Oxygen Event, the GOE, and some 2.5 billion years ago. As energy processing systems, their constituent molecules carry the energy and can as such be replaced by other, more efficient ones as soon as the system require, or as soon as external chemical conditions change. It is the energy flow that started up initially and that as kept running both uninterruptedly and faster ever since, and it is the energy flow that shaped both the system’s structure as well as that of its constituent molecules. For this flow to continue, the system kept changing chemically, but for this to happen the general physical conditions of the environment need to have remained more or less the same.
One Swallow Doesn't Make a Summer - A Note

Maniadis et al. (2013) present a theoretical framework that aims at providing insights into the mechanics of proper inference. They suggest that a decision about whether to call an experimental finding noteworthy, or deserving of great attention, should be based on the calculated post-study probability. Although I in large agree with most points in Maniadis et al. (2013), this note raises some important caveats.
A stochastic model for palaeomagnetic field variations

SUMMARY Regeneration of the Earth’s magnetic field by convection in the liquid core produces a broad spectrum of time variation. Relative palaeointensity measurements in marine sediments provide a detailed record over the past 2 Myr, but an explicit reconstruction of the underlying dynamics is not feasible. A more practical alternative is to construct a stochastic model from estimates of the virtual axial dipole moment. The deterministic part of the model (drift term) describes time-averaged behaviour, whereas the random part (diffusion term) characterizes complex interactions over convective timescales. We recover estimates of the drift and diffusion terms from the SINT2000 model of Valet et al. and the PADM2M model of Ziegler et al. The results are used in numerical solutions of the Fokker–Planck equation to predict statistical properties of the palaeomagnetic field, including the average rates of magnetic reversals and excursions. A physical interpretation of the stochastic model suggests that the timescale for adjustments in the axial dipole moment is set by the dipole decay time τd . W e obtain τd = 29kyr from the stochastic models, which falls within the expected range for the Earth’s core. We also predict the amplitude of convective fluctuations in the core, and establish a physical connection to the rates of magnetic reversals and excursions. Chrons lasting longer than 10 Myr are unlikely under present-day conditions. However, long chrons become more likely if the diffusion term is reduced by a factor of 2. Such a change is accomplished by reducing the velocity fluctuations in the core by a factor of √ 2, which could be attributed to a shift in the spatial pattern of heat flux from the core or a reduction in the total core heat flow.
Optimality of Prompt Corrective Action with Recapitalization Possibility in a Continuous - Time Model

Prompt Corrective Action (PCA) is a banking regulation system of predetermined capital/asset ratios that trigger supervisory actions by regulator. Our paper ad- dresses the optimality of this regulation system by adapting the dynamic model of entrepreneurialnance to banking regulation. In a dynamic moral hazard setting, werst derive the optimal contract between the banker and the regulator and then implement it by a menu of regulatory tools. Our mainndings are the following: �rst, the insurance premium is risk-based premium where the risk is measured by the capital level; second, our model-implied capital regulation share several similarities with the US PCA. According to our capital regulation, regulatory supervision should be realized in the spirit of gradual intervention and the book-value of capital is used as information to trigger intervention. Banks with high capital are not subject to any restrictions. Dividend distribution is prohibited in banks with intermediate level of capital. When banks have low capital level, a plan of recapitalization is required and in the worse case, banks are placed in liquidation.
Preliminary Observations on the Bone Histology of the Middle Triassic Pseudosuchian Archosaur Batrachotomus kupferzellensis Reveal Fast Growth with Laminar Fibrolamellar Bone Tissue

ABSTRACT The bone tissue of femur, rib, and gastralia from three different individuals of the Middle Triassic pseudosuchian Batrachotomus kupferzellensis from southern Germany is studied. The femoral bone tissue comprises laminar fibrolamellar bone tissue throughout and is stratified by three annual growth cycles, indicating that the individual died early in its fourth year of life, at which time it had reached 87% of maximum known femur length. Thus, compared with most other Pseudosuchia (e.g., phytosaurs, aetosaurs, and most crocodylomorphs, including marine taxa), Batrachotomus achieved its large body size in a very short time by fast, although interrupted, growth and not by protracted longevity. Such fast growth as well as the organization of the tissue is similar to the condition observed in ornithodirans. The pseudosuchians Effigia and Postosuchus also show fibrolamellar tissue, but vascular density is lower when compared with Batrachotomus and dominated by a longitudinal organization of primary osteons. The rib and gastralium of Batrachotomus both show an inner spongious organization surrounded by a ring of compact, avascular, highly organized parallel-fibered and/or lamellar bone largely covered by short fibers. Maximal growth cycle count in the proximal rib sample suggests an age of at least 11 years for this individual with a reduction of growth rate after the sixth cycle.
TNF-α-308 promotor polymorphism in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer (LC) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In both diseases airways inflammation plays an important role. Functional promoter polymorphism, at the position -308, of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α represents attractive potential susceptibilty marker for both diseases. In order to investigate the role of this polymorphism in COPD and LC, a case-control study was performed. The patient groups consisted of 97 subjects with COPD and 70 subjects with LC, while the control group encompassed 102 subjects. Results of our study showed significant decrease of heterozygote for TNF-α-308*1/*2 gene variant in COPD group in comparison to controls (p=0.043). According to our results heterozygous carriers of TNF-α-308*1/*2 polymorphism had a 2.3-fold decreased risk for COPD development (OR=0.44, 95%CI=0.20-0.97). In patients with lung cancer we also observed a trend of decreased distribution of TNF-α-308*1/*2 heterozygotes, but statistical significance was not achieved. To our knowledge, this is the first study implicating decreased frequency of TNF-α-308*1/*2 gene variant in patients with COPD and LC. Although these results need to be confirmed on larger cohort, they represent a new and interesting finding, not reported in other populations tested so far.
Optimization of Pesticide Spraying Tasks via Multi-UAVs Using Genetic Algorithm

Task allocation is the key factor in the spraying pesticides process using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and maximizing the effects of pesticide spraying is the goal of optimizing UAV pesticide spraying. In this study, we first introduce each UAV’s kinematic constraint and extend the Euclidean distance between fields to the Dubins path distance. We then analyze the two factors affecting the pesticide spraying effects, which are the type of pesticides and the temperature during the pesticide spraying. The time window of the pesticide spraying is dynamically generated according to the temperature and is introduced to the pesticide spraying efficacy function. Finally, according to the extensions, we propose a team orienteering problem with variable time windows and variable profits model. We propose the genetic algorithm to solve the above model and give the methods of encoding, crossover, and mutation in the algorithm. The experimental results show that this model and its solution method have clear advantages over the common manual allocation strategy and can provide the same results as those of the enumeration method in small-scale scenarios. In addition, the results also show that the algorithm parameter can affect the solution, and we provide the optimal parameters configuration for the algorithm.
SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF SIGNALS BY ROOT-MIN-NORM METHOD, USING MODIFIED SSA METHOD

The paper considers the problem of efficiency enhancing of spectral analysis of the signals observed against noise via Root-Min-Norm method with data preprocessing by modification of the SSA method. Simulations results are presented that confirm the enhancement of spectral analysis efficiency by Root-Min-Norm method when using the SSA method and its modification .