Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Edaravone diminishes free radicals from circulating neutrophils in patients with ischemic brain attack.

OBJECTIVE Treatment with a free radical scavenger could be a new option for ischemic brain attack, however, little is known about the alteration of oxidative stress markers induced by edaravone, a novel free radical scavenger, in human ischemic brain attack. METHODS We investigated the effects of edaravone on the oxidative stress markers in patients with ischemic brain attack. Twenty-one patients with ischemic brain attack and 19 controls were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were obtained just before and soon after the first administration of edaravone (30 mg) or ozagrel (40 mg). Intracellular reactive oxygen species of neutrophils were measured using 6-carboxy-2', 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate and a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Superoxide from neutrophils, induced by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), was determined by luminol-amplified chemiluminescence assay. RESULTS Treatment with 30 mg of edaravone significantly decreased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) of neutrophils (Wilcoxon test, p=0.0001) and PMA-induced superoxide produced by neutrophils (Wilcoxon test, p=0.001). Ozagrel did not alter the intracellular ROS or superoxide production of neutrophils. CONCLUSION Reduction of intracellular ROS and suppression of superoxide production in neutrophils provide a potential explanation for the clinical efficacy of edaravone in patients with ischemic brain attack.
The Role of hMLHl , HMSH 3 , and HMSH 6 Defects in Cisplatin and Oxaliplatin Resistance : Correlation with Replicative Bypass of Platinum-DNA Adducts 1

Defects in mismatch repair are associated with cisplatin resistance, and several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this correlation. It is hypothesized that futile cycles of translesion synthesis past cisplatin-DNA adducts followed by removal of the newly synthesized DNA by an active mismatch repair system may lead to cell death. Thus, resistance to platinum-DNA adducts could arise through loss of the mismatch repair pathway. However, no direct link between mismatch repair status and replicative bypass ability has been reported. In this study, cytotoxicity and steady-state chain elongation assays indicate that hMLHl or liMSHd defects result in 1.5-4.8-fold increased cisplatin resistance and 2.5-6-fold increased replicative bypass of cisplatin adducts. Oxaliplatin adducts are not recognized by the mismatch repair complex, and no significant dif ferences in bypass of Oxaliplatin adducts in mismatch repair-proficient and -defective cells were found. Defects in hMSH3 did not alter sensitivity to, or replicative bypass of, either cisplatin or Oxaliplatin adducts. These observations support the hypothesis that mismatch repair defects in hMutLa and hMutSa, but not in liMulS/j. contribute to increased net replicative bypass of cisplatin adducts and therefore to drug resistance by preventing futile cycles of translesion synthesis and mismatch correction.
Technology Spillover and Corporate Technology Disclosures

In recent decades the United States has become increasingly a knowledge-based economy as evidenced by a surge in patents. Companies strive to develop valuable technologies and to protect them from appropriation by competitors. We examine the implications of technological competition for patent-issuing firms’ redactions of technological information from new material contracts included with 10-K filings. We find that firms facing more intense technological competition are more likely to redact such information, and they redact it to a greater extent, presumably due to proprietary cost concerns. Total redactions (both technological and non-technological) also are greater for these firms. The results persist after controlling for a variety of product market competition measures. The results are more pronounced for firms with greater growth options, firms less financially constrained, and firms having recently sued others for patent infringements. The results are robust to using exogenous changes in state level R&D tax credits as an instrumental variable to address the endogeneity concern of technological competition. Our inferences can be extended to technologically innovative firms that do not hold patents. In summary, we document the implications of technological competition for redaction of proprietary technological information and these implications are distinct from and incremental to those of product market competition.
Influence des conditions de culture sur la différenciation de progéniteurs vasculaires en vue de l'obtention d'un substitut vasculaire autologue

L’augmentation de la frequence des pathologies vasculaires va creer ces prochaines annees, des besoins importants en substituts vasculaires de petits calibres. L’ideal, a ce jour, reste l’utilisation de vaisseaux autologues reduisant les risques infectieux et immunologiques mais d’usage limite ce qui est a l’origine de l’ingenierie cellulaire. L’identification des progeniteurs vasculaires est d’un interet majeur dans ce domaine. Ces cellules d’origine autologues sont douees d’une grande capacite de proliferation et d’un potentiel de differenciation en cellules vasculaires (cellules endotheliales (CE) et cellules musculaires lisses (CML)) mais la difficulte reside dans le choix du recouvrement de la surface du support de culture qui favorise leur adhesion et proliferation Dans ce travail, nous avons choisi les films multicouches de polyelectrolytes et mesure leur impact sur le comportement de ces cellules progenitrices en fonction de differentes conditions de culture (normoxie ou hypoxie). Nous avons montre dans un premier temps, que ces films multicouches de polyelectrolytes permettaient d’accelerer la differenciation de ces cellules en CE matures. Nous avons egalement montre que ces memes cellules cultivees en hypoxie etaient capables de se differencier en cellules contractiles stables dans le temps, presentant un phenotype comparable a celui des CML matures. L’association de ces resultats additionnes aux avantages apportes par des feuillets detachables est a la base de la construction d’un substitut vasculaire autologue de petit calibre, compose de CE et de CML issues d’un meme pool de cellules, mais cultivees dans des conditions differentes.
A shift in the collagen V antigenic epitope leads to T helper phenotype switch and immune response to self‐antigen leading to chronic lung allograft rejection

Immune responses to human leucocyte antigen (HLA) and self‐antigen collagen V (Col‐V) have been proposed in the pathogenesis of chronic rejection (bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, BOS) following human lung transplantation (LTx). In this study, we defined the role for the shift in immunodominant epitopes of Col‐V in inducing T helper phenotype switch leading to immunity to Col‐V and BOS. Sera and lavage from BOS+ LTx recipients with antibodies to Col‐V were analysed. Two years prior to BOS, patients developed antibodies to both Col‐V,α1(V) and α2(V) chains. However, at clinical diagnosis of BOS, antibodies became restricted to α1(V). Further, lung biopsy from BOS(+) patients bound to antibodies to α1(V), indicating that these epitopes are exposed. Fourteen Col‐V peptides [pep1–14, pep1–4 specific to α1(V), pep5–8 to α1,2(V) and pep9–14 to α2(V)] which bind to HLA‐DR4 and ‐DR7, demonstrated that prior to BOS, pep 6, 7, 9, 11 and 14 were immunodominant and induced interleukin (IL)‐10. However, at BOS, the response switched to pep1, 4 and 5 and induced interferon (IFN)‐γ and IL‐17 responses, but not IL‐10. The T helper (Th) phenotype switch is accompanied by decreased frequency of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the lavage. LTx recipients with antibodies to α1(V) also demonstrated increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activation with decreased MMP inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP), suggesting that MMP activation may play a role in the exposure of new Col‐V antigenic epitopes. We conclude that a shift in immunodominance of self‐antigenic determinants of Col‐V results in induction of IFN‐γ and IL‐17 with loss of tolerance leading to autoimmunity to Col‐V, which leads to chronic lung allograft rejection.
Strain-specific and immunodominant surface epitopes of the P2 porin protein of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae

The P2 porin protein is the major outer membrane protein of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. Five monoclonal antibodies to P2 of four strains of nontypeable H. influenzae were developed by immunizing mice with whole bacterial cells. All five antibodies recognized epitopes on P2 in immunoblot assays of whole organism lysates, purified outer membrane, and purified P2. Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunoblot assays of cyanogen bromide-digested P2 showed that two antibodies to the P2 protein of strain 1479 recognized different epitopes on the molecule. Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that each of the five antibodies recognized epitopes that were abundantly expressed on the bacterial surface. Analysis of 120 H. influenzae strains indicated that three of the five antibodies were reactive exclusively with the homologous strain. The remaining two antibodies were reactive with less than 3% of the strains. These studies indicate that the P2 protein expresses a highly strain-specific and immunodominant epitope on the bacterial surface. The expression of strain-specific and immunodominant epitopes on the bacterial surface may represent a mechanism by which the bacterium induces antibodies that will protect against recurrent infection by the homologous strain but will not protect against infection by heterologous strains.
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE DETERMINANTS OF MISMATCH BETWEEN STUDENTS AND COLLEGES

We use the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 cohort to examine mismatch between student ability and college quality. Mismatch has implications for the design of state higher education systems and for student aid policy. The data indicate substantial amounts of both undermatch (high ability students at low quality colleges) and overmatch (low ability students at high quality colleges). Student application and enrollment decisions, rather than college admission decisions, drive most mismatch. Financial constraints, information, and the public college options facing each student all affect the probability of mismatch. More informed students attend higher quality colleges, even when doing so involves overmatching. Eleanor Wiske Dillon Department of Economics W.P. Carey School of Business Arizona State University 501 E. Orange Street Tempe, AZ 85287-9801 ewdillon@asu.edu Jeffrey Andrew Smith Department of Economics University of Michigan 238 Lorch Hall 611 Tappan Street Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1220 and NBER econjeff@umich.edu An online appendix is available at: http://www.nber. org/data-appendix/w19286
Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma in acute intermittent porphyria

I read the recent publication on screening for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in acute intermittent porphyria with great interest [1]. Innala and Andersson [1] concluded that ‘Screening for HCC in carriers of AIPenablesearlydiagnosisandachoiceofpotentially curative treatments with improved prognosis’ and also recommended ‘annual screening using liver imaging for AIP gene carriers >50 years of age’. There are some concerns regarding this long-term study. First, there are many other confounding causes of liver cancer such as alcohol and viral infection with hepatitis. The effect of these possible confounding factors shouldbeclarifiedandcontrolled for. Second, it would be interesting to know the cost-effectiveness of the proposed screening. Population-scale screening might not be wise if the benefit is low compared with thecost. Conflict of interest statement
Modifications neurochimiques au sein des ganglions de la base et comportements moteurs associés lors d'une stimulation électrique du noyau subthalamique chez le rat hémiparkinsonien ou de la mise en place de la dénervation dopaminergique chez le singe

La stimulation a haute frequence (SHF) du noyau subthalamique (NST) permet de traiter l'ensemble des symptomes moteurs de la maladie de Parkinson (MP), qui n'apparaissent que lorsque 70 % des neurones dopaminergiques de la SNc ont degenere. En outre, les mecanismes in fine qui permettent de retarder l'apparition des symptomes moteurs ou qui sous-tendent l'efficacite therapeutique de la SHF du NST chez l'homme ne sont pas encore elucides. Notre travail a porte principalement sur l'animal eveille libre de ses mouvements. Dans une premiere partie, nous avons analyse les effets de la SHF du NST sur le comportement moteur de rats sains et 6-OHDA et nous avons etabli une correlation entre ces effets et les taux de glutamate et de GABA extracellulaire mesures par microdialyse intracerebrale au sein de la SNr. Ces donnees comportementales et neurochimiques couplees a des injections pharmacologiques intranigrales suggerent que les dyskinesies de la patte avant induites par la SHF du NST sont mediees par le glutamate et fournissent de nouveaux arguments quant aux mecanismes de la SHF du NST dans la MP. Dans une seconde partie nous avons realise des microdialyses intracerebrales chez des singes normaux, puis exprimant pleinement les symptomes moteurs induits par le MPTP et enfin apres recuperation de ces symptomes moteurs dans le but de correler les deficits et la recuperation motrice a des changements de concentration de neurotransmetteurs presents dans deux territoires striataux : le sensori-moteur et le limbique. Notre etude s'est focalisee sur la dopamine et ses metabolites, le glutamate, le GABA et la serotonine. Nos resultats montrent que les variations de dopamine pourraient jouer un role important dans les mecanismes de compensation permettant la recuperation de fonctions motrices normales.
DInSAR Pixel Selection Based on Sublook Spectral Correlation Along Time

The reliability of any final differential synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry (DInSAR) product is directly related to the phase quality of the interferograms involved in the processing. Performing an appropriate selection of high-quality pixels is hence mandatory in order to avoid the inclusion of noisy data in the processing and thus obtain reliable deformation information within the area of study. In this framework, a new full-resolution pixel selection method based on exploiting the spectral properties of pointlike scatterers is presented. The method is developed from the concept of the so-called coherent scatterers, which are characterized by having a correlated spectrum in a single acquisition, but now involving the temporal axis in the detection. Using the spectral properties of scatterers to perform the DInSAR pixel selection step presents some advantages with respect to the well-known permanent scatterer (PS) approach. On the one hand, the radiometric calibration of data is not required since the detection is now not dependent on the amplitude behavior of scatterers. On the other hand, a reliable pixel selection can be performed even with a reduced number of images due to the nature of the estimator. In contrast, its main limitation relies on the loss of range resolution involved in the sublook generation process. The method is more suited for urban scenarios where the density of temporally stable pointlike scatterers is generally higher. In this context, the final deformation maps obtained using the new method presented are compared, in terms of density and phase quality, with the ones obtained with the well-known traditional PS approach, showing a similar performance. Finally, since both methods characterize pointlike scatterers from different points of view, the combination of both techniques is proposed leading to a significant increase in the pixels' density and giving place to a meaningful improvement in the final DInSAR results.
LSB-Based Steganography Using Reflected Gray Code

Steganography aims to hide secret data into an innocuous cover-medium for transmission and to make the attacker cannot recognize the presence of secret data easily. Even the stego-medium is captured by the eavesdropper, the slight distortion is hard to be detected. The LSB-based data hiding is one of the steganographic methods, used to embed the secret data into the least significant bits of the pixel values in a cover image. In this paper, we propose an LSB-based scheme using reflected-Gray code, which can be applied to determine the embedded bit from secret information. Following the transforming rule, the LSBs of stego-image are not always equal to the secret bits and the experiment shows that the differences are up to almost 50 %. According to the mathematical deduction and experimental results, the proposed scheme has the same image quality and payload as the simple LSB substitution scheme. In fact, our proposed data hiding scheme in the case of G1 (one bit Gray code) system is equivalent to the simple LSB substitution scheme.
The validity of the CAGE scale to screen for heavy drinking and drinking problems in a general population survey.

BACKGROUND The CAGE scale is a short test developed in the 1970s to screen for alcoholism or covert drinking problems. The reliability and validity of the scale has been demonstrated in the majority of studies conducted in clinical settings, but the validity of the scale in general population surveys has not yet been shown conclusively. AIMS The goal of this study was to assess the criterion validity of the CAGE scale in a general population survey. METHOD Data from a large general health survey conducted in 1992 in the province of Quebec (Canada) (N = 23,564) were used to define various measures of heavy drinking and drinking problems and to calculate, for male and female drinkers separately, standard measures of sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value at different cutoff scores on the CAGE. FINDINGS With respect to both male and female drinkers, with all operational definitions of heavy drinking and useful cutoff scores on the CAGE, the scale was shown to be unable to discriminate between heavy drinkers and non-heavy drinkers. Prevalence of drinking problems among CAGE positive drinkers was also very low. CONCLUSION These results do not support the use of the CAGE as a screening tool for heavy drinking and drinking problems in a general population survey or as a tool to estimate the prevalence of drinking problems in the population.
Inverse Matching-Based Mobile robot following Algorithm using fuzzy Logic

This paper introduces the novel concept of inverse matching in case of mobile target following, as well as a new algorithm based on merging this concept with elements of fuzzy control. Previously developed hardware and software are combined to produce a functional mobile robot convoy system. Test results of this localization, fuzzy control and inverse matching fusion show the effectiveness as well as practical value of the approach proposed for autonomous robot
Genetic Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm (GCOA)

In this paper, Optimization is considered as the main impact of insight problem and heuristic methods. A proposed method is represented by using two optimization algorithms; cuckoo optimization; is heuristic method and Genetic algorithm; is meta-heuristic method in order to increase the optimization level and speed of calculation as possible. The proposed methodology and technique still a subject for improvements and enhancements for increasing its speeding up more and more. The proposed method is applicable for many industrial fields, agricultural fields and other provided that having optimization problem; just reconfigure problem parameters and have good opportunity to optimize well the problem. General Terms Cuckoo, Optimization Algorithms, Genetic Algorithm.
Electrochemical aspects of the generation of ramified metallic electrodeposits.

The growth of ramified metallic deposits by electrodeposition from dilute salt solutions and in a high electric field has been considered in the geometry of a thin rectangular cell. The equations governing ion motion in the case of a dilute electrolyte have been solved numerically and analytically in a one-dimensional (1D) and a 2D approximation. It is found that ramified growth is a direct consequence of the creation of a space charge upon anion depletion in the vicinity of the cathode. The front of the ramified deposit is predicted to advance at a speed just equal to the velocity of the anions in the applied electric field. The presence of this space charge ahead of the growing front is associated with a potential drop \ensuremath{\delta}V. Resolution of the equations in the 2D case shows that the dense-parallel morphology of the deposit also results quite naturally from the existence of a space charge in the vicinity of the filament tips. The average filament spacing and sidebranch tilting angle can be directly related to the values of \ensuremath{\delta}V and of the applied electric field. The mechanism giving rise to the space charge will apply as well to any physical system involving electric conduction with two types of carriers, if one of them exhibits blocking-contact characteristics.
The spin stops here: inhibition of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2-- a promising target but a negative initial trial?

Current treatment strategies have resulted in significant reductions in morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular disease; however, significant residual risk remains. As an example, in the PROVE IT–TIMI 22 trial (Pravastatin or Atorvastatin Evaluation and Infection Therapy–Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 22), 22.4% of patients experienced an adverse event despite achieving a median LDL cholesterol concentration of 62 mg/dL (1.6 mmol/L) (1). These and similar findings have led to the search for novel therapeutic modalities. A logical place to start is control of inflammation. Darapladib (GlaxoSmithKline) is a novel oral therapeutic agent with potential antiinflammatory properties that inhibits lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2). 1 Lp-PLA2 is produced by macrophages and circulates bound to LDL. In experimental models, it appears to be central in the atherosclerotic process. Lp-PLA2 acts on oxidized phospholipids to produce free oxidized fatty acids and lysophosphatidylcholine, a proatherogenic inflammatory mediator that increases expression of adhesion molecules and cytokines, is a chemoattractant for macrophages, and induces vascular smooth muscle migration (2)(3). Immunohistochemical studies have shown that Lp-PLA2 is present in atherosclerotic lesions, and is particularly intense in “rupture-prone lipid laden” lesions with thin-cap fibroatheromas, (4). Unlike many other inflammatory mediators, Lp-PLA2 is not an acute-phase reactant (5); thus issues associated with acute-phase reactants are averted. For these reasons, Lp-PLA2 has emerged recently as an independent marker of cardiovascular risk and events. Although not all prospective studies have demonstrated an association between high plasma Lp-PLA2 concentrations and poor cardiovascular outcomes, the majority of studies reported are strongly positive. In a recent metaanalysis (6) including more than 20 000 patients from 14 epidemiologic studies, high Lp-PLA2 concentration was an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events. This is especially true in regard to the associations with stroke, which seem particularly strong (7)(8). These findings have persisted despite multiple iterations …