Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Data sharing. Group calls for rapid release of more genomics data.

In 1996, at a meeting in Bermuda, researchers participating in the Human Genome Project agreed to release DNA sequence data daily into a public database; in 2003, the genome-sequencing community came up with guidelines on how prepublication data should be used. Now pressure is mounting to extend the Bermuda Principles to a broad range of publicly funded projects that go beyond sequencing. They include whole-genome association studies, microarray surveys, epigenomic scans, protein structures, large-scale screening of small molecules for biological activity, and functional genomics data, only some of which are now covered by prepublication data-release policies.
Clustering of unhealthy behaviours over time Implications for policy and practice

People’s lifestyles – whether they smoke, how much they drink, what they eat, whether they take regular exercise – affect their health and mortality. It is well known that each of these lifestyle risk factors is unequally distributed in the population. Less is known about how these behaviours co-occur or cluster in the population and about how these patterns of multiple lifestyle risk have been evolving over time. This paper considers this in the context of the English population and sets out the implications for public health policy and practice that flow from the findings. It reviews the current evidence on multiple lifestyle risks and analyses data from the Health Survey for England on the distribution of these risks in the adult population and how this is changing over time.
How does coffee shop get crowded?: using WiFi footprints to deliver insights into the success of promotion

Real time people density estimation is one of the biggest challenges of today research. This information can be applied to various urban applications such as advertising, traffic planning, and resource management. The recent researches have demonstrated on crowded estimation using various cutting-edge technologies to solve this problem. Since WiFi access points already exist in the major buildings and shops. They become a great tool to estimate the density of people. This research explores the opportunities to use existing access points in order to estimate density of people in the real world environment. WiFi probe request monitoring technique is used to identify the number of the customer's visit to a coffee shop. The result shows that during weekdays, the number of customers in promotion period is 30.43% greater than non-promotion period.
Coverage hole problem under sensing topology in flat wireless sensor networks

In flat wireless sensor networks, one fundamental issue is region coverage, which usually addresses whether the given region is sufficiently covered by sensing disks of sensor nodes or not. Although numerous research works have been carried out on region coverage, it still lacks in-depth understanding on the relations between region coverage and sensing topology defined with the intersections of sensing areas of sensor nodes. In this paper, we consider the region coverage problem by using the sensing topology proposed in our previous work. Based on the notion of sensing topology, we prove that the given region can be partitioned into a number of the smallest cells, each of which is defined by sensing links among sensor nodes. Then, we investigate the sufficient and necessary conditions for the existence of coverage holes for the specific polygon graph residing in the partitioned cells. Further, two polynomial time algorithms are presented for dividing the given region covered by the whole network and detecting the coverage holes existing in the interior area of the partitioned cells, respectively. The experiment results show that our proposed algorithms are effective for detecting the coverage holes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Melatonin: Pathway from Obscure Molecule to International Fame

There are few people who follow the news in the United States who have not heard of the hormone melatonin. In European and Asian countries melatonin has also been in the news. Many people are now taking melatonin for everything from insomnia, heart disease, cancer, AIDS, and sexual impotency, as well as to try and slow down the aging process. In the United States, melatonin is sold widely without prescription in vitamin and dietary supplement stores, as well as through many drug stores and supermarkets. The discussion of the effects of melatonin is frequently a major topic on the radio and television news. Melatonin has been featured in national magazines, and books on melatonin have made it to "bestseller" status. Yet, just a few years ago the general public was unaware of even the existence of melatonin, and any discussions of the effects of melatonin were confined to a few investigators attempting to discover the function of this hormone. This paper does not attempt to review the diverse literature on the effects of melatonin; the reader is referred to two recent books for scholarly treatment of this subject [1, 2]. Instead, this review provides a brief history of how melatonin rose from being an obscure molecule to achieve national and even international celebrity status. It is a story that involves not only scientific discovery, but also sensational stories in the media, the profit motive in a capitalistic society, and how the sale of drugs is regulated—or in melatonin's case, not regulated—in the United States. The roots of what has been called "melatonin madness" [3] lie in a rich history of diverse studies that have implicated the pineal gland and melatonin in the regulation of daily and seasonal biological rhythms in a wide range ofvertebrate species. As noted below, the photoreceptive prop-
A 2.7-GHz digitally-controlled ring oscillator with supply sensitivity of 0.0014%-fDCO/1%-VDD using digital current-regulated tuning

A method to reduce the supply voltage sensitivity of digitally-controlled ring oscillators (DCROs) using digital current-regulated tuning is presented. By regulating the supply current of ring oscillator instead of its supply voltage, the proposed technique overcomes the limitations of conventional voltage regulator, achieves high supply-noise rejection performance and digital tuning of current-regulated DCRO. The proposed DCRO system implemented in a 0.13-μm CMOS process operates from 1.8 to 3.7 GHz. At 2.7 GHz, the current-regulated DCRO achieves static and dynamic supply-noise immunity of 0.0006%-fOUT/1%-VDD and 0.0014%-fOUT/1%-VDD respectively, while employing a 150-pF decoupling capacitor, and consuming 1.7 mW from a 1.2 V supply.
INTEGRATING OPEN INNOVATION IN THE SOCIAL INNOVATION PROCESS: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY

Innovation has become a more complex and dynamic phenomenon with the shift from the industry-based innovation paradigm, where the stress was put on product and process innovation for business, to a knowledge-based paradigm, where it can take many different shapes. Moreover, knowledge and expertise are no longer considered as being the monopoly of the R&D department of the firm. This brought some changes in innovation practices, that became more open and led firms to increasingly interact with their environment. In another concern, technological innovation, that is meant to bring value to the firm, has proved its limits for solving social problems like global warming, that are becoming more pressing. Of course, new technology has the capacity of improving people’s living standards, but is not sufficient. This is where some other kind of innovation, driven by the maximisation of its positive impact intervenes: social innovation. These two paradigms for innovation, more suitable than older ones to today’s challenges, have some convergence points regarding their integration within an outside environment: society and other innovation actors. However, little has been written concerning the links and interactions between these two innovation models. This research studies the integration of these two models through an exploratory study, during which 11 social organisation leaders were submitted to in-depth interviews. Social initiatives seem to be more likely to attract outside parties to cooperate with them, as they appear as selfless, unlike private initiatives. They seem to integrate these people and look for extra help, especially when scaling up. Even if some organisations see the institutionalisation of open innovation as a priority, others see it as secondary, or simply do not know how to do it. This results in a rather informal collaboration, that is not focused on research and development, a practice that nearly none of the firms in the sample had.
Imaging sunspots using helioseismic methods

The origin of sunspots is one of the most fundamental and yet poorly understood areas in solar physics. Imaging local anomalous features in the solar interior offers a direct way to unravel the underlying physical processes of sunspots and the mechanisms behind their formation. The advent of local helioseismology in the last few years has, for the first time, made it possible to image local internal solar structures. High-resolution satellite and ground telescope data which reveal the details of the vibrations of the visible solar surface are essential in the development of local helioseismology. We are now in a position to transfer the seismic methods that have traditionally been used to study the Earth's interior to solar investigations. This interdisciplinary approach to developing seismic imaging techniques is opening up new ways of understanding the flow and other structural characteristics beneath sunspots. In this article, I review recent progress in the imaging of sunspots and the surrounding solar active regions. By highlighting the strengths of seismic methods and the challenges facing local helioseismology, I discuss some of the new research directions and possibilities that have arisen from this novel type of seismic imaging.
A miniaturized antenna for ground penetrating radar

A miniaturized printed log-periodic antenna (LPDA) with lateral size reduced structure is presented. The relative bandwidth of the antenna exceeds 100% when the voltage standing wave ration is less than 2.0. The constructed log- periodic dipole antenna is very useful in the ground penetrating radar due to the very wide bandwidth and relatively small size. The antenna is designed and simulated with the application of CST MICROWAVVE STUDIO software based on the finite integral method. The results show that the radiation characteristic of the antenna designed basically keeps stable over the whole operating frequency band.
Trading volume, company age, company size and their affect on deviation of Earning Prediction

The basic purpose of this paper is identifying effective factors (trading volume, company age, company size) on deviation of earning prediction in companies listed in Tehran stock exchange. The statistical population consists of companies listed in Tehran stock exchange between years 2005-2010. The results of research with multivariate regression analysis show that company size and company age have positive correlation with deviation of earning prediction. Trading volume has not significant relationship with deviation of earning prediction.
Exploring Microbiome Functional Dynamics through Space and Time with Trait-Based Theory

Microbiomes play essential roles in the health and function of animal and plant hosts and drive nutrient cycling across ecosystems. Integrating novel trait-based approaches with ecological theory can facilitate the prediction of microbial functional traits important for ecosystem functioning and health. ABSTRACT Microbiomes play essential roles in the health and function of animal and plant hosts and drive nutrient cycling across ecosystems. Integrating novel trait-based approaches with ecological theory can facilitate the prediction of microbial functional traits important for ecosystem functioning and health. In particular, the yield-acquisition-stress (Y-A-S) framework considers dominant microbial life history strategies across gradients of resource availability and stress. However, microbiomes are dynamic, and spatial and temporal shifts in taxonomic and trait composition can affect ecosystem functions. We posit that extending the Y-A-S framework to microbiomes during succession and across biogeographic gradients can lead to generalizable rules for how microbiomes and their functions respond to resources and stress across space, time, and diverse ecosystems. We demonstrate the potential of this framework by applying it to the microbiomes hosted by the carnivorous pitcher plant Sarracenia purpurea, which have clear successional trajectories and are distributed across a broad climatic gradient.
Border Effects in the Atlantic Triangle

We investigate trade integration between members of the EU, NAFTA and Mercosur. The paper evaluates the ease of access to each of those markets from each other based on a benchmark consisting of trade within countries. This methodology, often labelled border effects, furnishes a new tool for the estimation of regional integration and market access in general. This is used here in particular to assess the access to Northern markets of Southern producers, a very sensitive question in the prospect of the new WTO round negotiations. We concentrate on the evaluation of access of certain Mercosur countries’ exporters (Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay), to the EU and NAFTA markets. Building on those estimates, prospects can be made about possible future schemes of integration between Mercosur countries and the two large industrialized and integrated zones of this Atlantic Triangle. We evaluate in particular the possible trade effects of free trade agreements between Mercosur and the EU and Mercosur and NAFTA respectively. We explore then some possible explanations of border effects like tariffs, non-tariff barriers and bilateral FDI stocks, an important topic in the south of Latin America.
Effect of refractive error on temperament and character properties.

AIM To determine the effect of refractive error on temperament and character properties using Cloninger's psychobiological model of personality. METHODS Using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), the temperament and character profiles of 41 participants with refractive errors (17 with myopia, 12 with hyperopia, and 12 with myopic astigmatism) were compared to those of 30 healthy control participants. Here, temperament comprised the traits of novelty seeking, harm-avoidance, and reward dependence, while character comprised traits of self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence. RESULTS Participants with refractive error showed significantly lower scores on purposefulness, cooperativeness, empathy, helpfulness, and compassion (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.05, and P<0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION Refractive error might have a negative influence on some character traits, and different types of refractive error might have different temperament and character properties. These personality traits may be implicated in the onset and/or perpetuation of refractive errors and may be a productive focus for psychotherapy.
Prevalence of Tinea Capitis and Tinea Pedis in Barcelona Schoolchildren

Background: Although dermatophytoses can appear at any age, some types are particularly prevalent in children. There are no prior data on the prevalence of tinea capitis and tinea pedis in Barcelona, Spain. To identify the prevalence of tinea in school children in the area with the highest immigrant population in this city, a cross-sectional study was performed. A second objective was to identify the etiologic agent to study the possibility of the introduction of foreign dermatophyte species and to evaluate the possibility of encountering healthy hosts. Methods: From October 2002 until June 2003, we evaluated 1305 schoolchildren, ages 3–15 years, belonging to 21 schools located in the inner city of Barcelona to determine the prevalence of tinea capitis and pedis in school children. Cultures of scalp and feet were done in each child. Results: 36(2.8%) children had tinea pedis and 3 (0.23%) had tinea capitis. One child had tinea capitis and tinea pedis, caused by different species (t. capitis caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes and tinea pedis caused by Trichophyton rubrum). Of the 39 positive cases for dermatophytes, the etiologic agent in 18 (46.1%) was T. mentagrophytes, 17 (43.5%) T. rubrum, 2 (5.5%) Epidermophyton floccosum and 2 (5.5%) Trichophyton tonsurans. Of these 39 cases of tinea, 15 (38.5%) were Spanish natives and 22 (56.4%) were immigrants. Conclusion: The prevalence of tinea capitis was lower that we had expected, and it was noted that there was a greater prevalence of tinea pedis among schoolchildren 13–15 years of age (64.10%), the great majority of them male. The number of cases of tinea was significantly greater in immigrants.
Skeletal Muscle Adaptation to Exercise Training

Regular endurance exercise has profound benefits on overall health, including the prevention of obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. The objective of this study was to determine whether AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) mediates commonly observed adaptive responses to exercise training in skeletal muscle. Six weeks of voluntary wheel running induced a significant (P < 0.05) fiber type IIb to IIa/x shift in triceps muscle of wild-type mice. Despite similar wheel running capacities, this training-induced shift was reduced by ∼40% in transgenic mice expressing a muscle-specific AMPKα2 inactive subunit. Sedentary mice carrying an AMPK-activating mutation (γ1TG) showed a 2.6-fold increase in type IIa/x fibers but no further increase with training. To determine whether AMPK is involved in concomitant metabolic adaptations to training, we measured markers of mitochondria (citrate synthase and succinate dehydrogenase) and glucose uptake capacity (GLUT4 and hexokinase II). Mitochondrial markers increased similarly in wild-type and AMPKα2-inactive mice. Sedentary γ1TG mice showed a ∼25% increase in citrate synthase activity but no further increase with training. GLUT4 protein expression was not different in either line of transgenic mice compared with wild-type mice and tended to increase with training, although this increase was not statistically significant. Training induced a ∼65% increase in hexokinase II protein in wild-type mice but not in AMPKα2-inactive mice. Hexokinase II was significantly elevated in sedentary γ1TG mice, without an additional increase with training. AMPK is not necessary for exercise training-induced increases in mitochondrial markers, but it is essential for fiber type IIb to IIa/x transformation and increases in hexokinase II protein.
Determining sustainable waste management practices in college and university dining services using the theory of planned behavior

PURPOSE & OBJECTIVES Primary Purposes: Determine the attitudes about sustainable waste management for college and university dining service directors. Identify the subjective norms about sustainable waste management for college and university dining service directors. Explore the barriers to implementing a sustainable waste management program in college and university dining centers. Secondary Purpose: Examine differences in attitudes, subjective norms, implementation and barriers about sustainable waste management by age of directors, number of meals served and area of the country.
An Incentive Approach to Identifying Financial System Vulnerabilities

This paper underscores the importance of the assessment of incentives of the main agents in a financial system as a key element in the analysis of financial system vulnerability and the surveillance over the financial system. We outline a diagnostic approach for the assessment of incentives. This approach highlights the need for additional research on the relationship between institutional structures and financial vulnerabilities.
A 20uA/MHz at 200MHz microcontroller with low power memory access scheme for small sensing nodes

Motion sensing technology has been applied in a wide range of fields of IoT. In the future, sensor device can be highly expected to be applied in the field of sports, but in order to achieve this, we need to reduce the size and weight while maintaining high performance as shown in Figure 1. It is necessary to sample a signal from the 9D sensor (3-axis gyroscope, 3-axis accelerometer and 3-axis compass) by more than 1 K/s of rate to measure the max speed (over 300km/h) for a detailed motion analysis in the sports, and necessary to provide 100-200MHz performance to CPU. Also, in order to put sensor on the body, we must reduce the size of the battery, which is largest and heaviest parts of all. When a button type battery is used for as a power source, the average current in the system will be less than 10mA during operation. In this paper, by using the following two techniques, we have successfully reduced power consumption during system operation while maintaining the high performance. Those two techniques include low-power parallel cache and cache memory with address-mapped mode. They help reduce power consumption of flash memory, memory system, and overall system respectively. By using these techniques, we have succeeded in reducing power consumption during sensing application operation at 20uA/MHz at 200MHz.
Offshore Outsourcing, an Opportunity Rather Than a Threat

It is the purpose of this paper to evaluate the causes and consequences of offshore outsourcing of manufactured products and services to developing countries. Outsourcing is just a new way of doing international trade leading to gains from trade and its effects on wages and jobs are not qualitatively different from trade in goods. Offshoring is not the exporting of jobs. It represents the importing of services. It will be argued that the best way to destroy jobs is for the government to try and protect them. The best way to create more jobs is to allow for their destruction. JEL classification: F02, F16, F19
Association of functional polymorphisms in promoter regions of IL5, IL6 and IL13 genes with development and prognosis of autoimmune thyroid diseases

To clarify the association of genetic producibility of interleukin (IL)‐5, IL‐6 and IL‐13, which are secreted by T helper type 2 (Th2), with the development and prognosis of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), we genotyped IL5−746C/T, IL6−572C/G and IL13−1112C/T polymorphisms, which are functional polymorphisms in the promoter regions of the genes regulating these cytokines. Fifty‐seven patients with intractable Graves' disease (GD), 52 with GD in remission, 52 with severe Hashimoto's disease (HD), 56 with mild HD and 91 healthy controls were examined in this study. The IL13−1112T allele, which correlates with higher producibility of IL‐13, was more frequent in patients with GD in remission than in those with intractable GD [P = 0·009, odds ratio (OR) = 3·52]. The IL5−746T allele, which may correlate with lower levels of IL‐5, was more frequent in patients with GD in remission than controls (P = 0·029, OR = 2·00). The IL6−572G allele carriers (CG and GG genotypes), which have higher producibility of IL‐6, were more frequent in AITD patients (P = 0·033, OR = 1·75), especially in GD in remission (P = 0·031, OR = 2·16) and severe HD (P = 0·031, OR = 2·16) than in controls. Interestingly, both allele and genotype frequencies of Th2 cytokine genes were similar between GD and HD patients. In conclusion, functional polymorphisms in the genes encoding Th2 cytokines are associated differently with the development and prognosis of AITD from each other.