Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of 3-dimensional multi-detector computed tomography in the diagnosis of Eagle’s syndrome and correlation with severe headache and migraine (Iraqi study)

Background: The styloid process is a cylindrical bone (protrusion). It situated above the common carotid artery between the external and internal branches immediately proximal to the internal jugular vein and facial nerves. The styloid process varies in length also it may be absent as well as elongated. Classically, an elongated styloid process and calcified of stylohyoid ligament causes Eagle’s syndrome. The aim of this study was to examine the styloid process using 3 dimensional multi-detector computed tomography (3D-MDCT) to detect the presence of Eagle’s syndrome that causes severe headache and migraine. Materials and methods: One hundred patients with severe headache and migraine were exposed to 3Dmultidetector CT with special brain CT in Al-Karkh general hospital to examine the styloid process. By elongated the field of the brain CT multi-detector downward and using facial volume, the morphological alterations of styloid process and stylohyoid ligament can be discovered. Results: Thirty four patients (25 females and 9 males) had a problem in the styloid process. Seven of them were suffered from elongation of styloid process while 27 patients had fractured styloid process unilaterally or bilaterally Conclusion: Eagle’s syndrome is one of the important causes of severe headache and craniofacial pain which is detected by special field of brain 3D CT multi-detector. Key word: CT multi-detector, styloid process elongation, fracture. (J Bagh Coll Dentistry 2013; 25(Special Issue 1):7276).
The Development of a Hybrid Type of Underwater Micro Biped Robot

In the medical field and in industry application, a novel type of micro biped robot with multi DOF that can swim smoothly in water or aqueous medium has urgently been demanded. The fish-like microrobot is one of the micro and miniature devices, which is installed with sensing and actuating elements. This paper describes the new structure and motion mechanism of a hybrid type of underwater microrobot using ICPF actuator, and discusses the swimming and floating possibility of the microrobot in water. Characteristic of the underwater microrobot is measured by changing the frequency and the amplitude of input voltage. The experimental results indicate that the swimming speed of proposed underwater microrobot can be controlled by changing the frequency of input voltage; the moving direction (upward or downward) can be controlled by changing the amplitude and the frequency of input voltage
Copyright and the 1

No one ever argues for copyright on the grounds that superstar artists and authors need more money, but what if that is all, or mostly all, that copyright does? This article presents newly available data on the distribution of players across the PC videogame market. This data reveals an L-shaped distribution of demand. A relative handful of games are extremely popular. The vast majority are not. In the face of an L curve, copyright overpays superstars, but does very little for the average author and for works at the margins of profitability. This makes copyright difficult to justify on either efficiency or fairness grounds. To remedy this, I propose two approaches. First, we should incorporate cost recoupment into the fourth fair use factor. Once a work has recouped its costs, any further use, whether for follow-on creativity or mere duplication, would be fair and non-infringing. Through such an interpretation of fair use, copyright would ensure every socially valuable work a reasonable opportunity to recoup its costs without lavishing socially costly excess incentives on the most popular. Second and alternatively, Congress can make copyright short, narrow, and relatively ineffective at preventing unauthorized copying. If we refuse to use fair use or other doctrines to tailor copyright’s protection on a work-by-work basis and insist that copyright provide generally uniform protection, then efficiency and fairness both require that that uniform protection be far shorter, much narrower, and generally less effective than it presently is.
Analysis of 1 year follow up results in patients who underwent bilateral nucleus accumbens ablation with stereotactic surgery for the treatment of drug dependence encephalopathy

Objective To study and evaluate safty and effectiveness of ablating nucleus accumbens bilaterally with stereotactic surgery for drug abstinence.Methods By family visitingout-patient clinic letters telephone answering and filling in psychological and investigating scales and questionnaires a long term tracing follow up was made in 42 cases who had underwent bilateral nucleus accumbens ablation with stereotactic surgery for drug abstinence. Their postoperative follow up duration was longer than 1 year. Operation affected on general index human being instinctive behavior personality characteristic and efficacy relapse rate complication were analyzed. As to the cases who not relapsed after operation drug urinalysis and naloxone test were made to confirm the results of follow up. Results Except central high fever during short period postoperation no marked change occurred on other physiological indexes. Compared with normal level the sexual cue-induced motivation was reduced 1 month post operation reduced 11 cases 28.9%;mormal 27 cases 71.7%. 3 months post surgery this function recovered to normal level reduced 6 cases 15.8%;normal 32 cases 84.2%. There was no obvious impact on personality characteristic in general. Attention decreasing recent memory excalation and sleep disorder occurred in short period postoperationbut recovered within 1 week to 1 month. Work ability and long term memory was not affected. Relapse not occurred in 19 cases whereas occurred in 21 cases. 2 cases lost follow up. Average personal integrity rate over 1 year postoperation was 45.2% whereas relapse rate was 54.8%. The factors involved in the therapeutic effect were complete detoxification size of the site to be lesioned in nucleus accumbens drug-taking history kind of drugs involved and patients' social surroundings. There were no death and infection in these patients after operation. Complications in the near future were eleptiform fit in 1 case(2.4%. Long term complications were motivation forming disorder attention decreasing to characteristic stimulus and retreating to social activity in 6 cases 14.3% gradually recovery was gained through rehabilitation training. Conclusions Ablating nucleus accumbens bilaterally with stereotactic surgery for alleviating drug dependence is safe effective and feasible. The rate of side effect and complication are lower mild transient and reversible.Comparing with the patients'sufferings that can not get rid of torture of drug these side effects and complications are acceptable.The abstinence result of surgery is obviously better than the results by routine medical therapy.It plays an important role in getting rid of psychological dependence and preventing relapse if abstinence by routine medicine therapy is invalid.
Study on transitions in employment, ability and motivation (STREAM): methodologisch rapport (2010-2017)

Met de vergrijzing en de ontgroening van de Nederlandse beroepsbevolking neemt het belang van arbeidsparticipatie van ouderen (45+) toe. Ondanks toename van de gemiddelde pensioenleeftijd de afgelopen jaren, verlaat nog steeds een groot deel van de werknemers ruim voor de pensioengerechtigde leeftijd het arbeidsproces. Daarnaast participeert een deel van de 45-plussers uberhaupt niet in betaalde arbeid. Veel potentieel arbeidsaanbod wordt dus niet benut. Er bestaan belangrijke kennisleemten ten aanzien van de duurzame arbeidsparticipatie van oudere werknemers. Een belangrijke oorzaak hiervoor is het ontbreken van grootschalig longitudinaal onderzoek waarin een breed scala aan mogelijke determinanten onderzocht wordt. TNO wil met de Study on Transitions in Employment, Ability and Motivation (STREAM) bijdragen aan het vullen van de bestaande kennisleemten en inzicht geven in de factoren die de transities in en uit werk van 45-plussers beinvloeden.
Vitamin-D-Supplementierung: Eine Aktualisierung (Vitamin D Supplementation: An Update 1 )

Es wird geschätzt, dass eine Milliarde Menschen weltweit, unabhängig von Rasse und Alter, an Vitamin-DMangel leiden [1-3]. Dies trifft am häufigsten auf Menschen zu, die aufgrund von Klima oder Lebensführung oder aus Sorge vor Hautkrebs weniger Sonnenbestrahlung bekommen. Die im Jahre 1997 definierte empfohlene Tagesdosis von über die Nahrung aufgenommenem Vitamin D [engl. dietary reference intake, DRI], die ursprünglich für die Vorbeugung vor Rachitis und Osteomalazie festgelegt wurde, wird von vielen Experten als zu niedrig betrachtet [4]. Die Referenzwerte betragen 200 Internationale Einheiten IE (engl: international units, IU) für Kinder jeden Alters und für Erwachsene bis zu 50 Jahren sowie Schwangere und Stillende, 400 IE für Erwachsene im Alter zwischen 50 und 70 und 600 IE für Personen über 70 Jahre.
An experimental study on light scattering matrices for Chinese loess dust with different particle size distributions

Abstract. Mineral dust suspended in the atmosphere has significant effects on radiative balance and climate change. The Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) is generally considered one of the main sources of Asian dust aerosol. After being lifted by wind, dust particles with various size distributions can be transported over different distances. In this study, an original loess sample was collected from Luochuan, which is centrally located on the CLP, and two samples with different size distributions were obtained afterwards. “Pristine loess” was used to represent dust that only affects source regions, part of pristine loess was milled to finer “milled loess” that can be transported over long distances. Light scattering matrices for these two samples were measured at 532 nm wavelength from 5 to 175∘ angles. Particle size distribution, refractive index, chemical component, and microscopic appearance were also characterized for auxiliary analyses. Experimental results showed that there are obvious discrepancies in angular behaviors of matrix elements for pristine loess and milled loess, and these discrepancies are different from those for other kinds of dust with distinct size distributions. Given that the effective radii of these two loess samples differ by more than 20 times, it is reasonable to conclude that the difference in size distributions plays a major role in leading to different matrices, while differences in refractive index and microstructure have relatively small contributions. Qualitative analyses of numerical simulation results of irregular particles also validate this conclusion. Gaussian spheres may be promising morphological models for simulating the scattering matrix of loess but need further quantitative verification. Finally, synthetic scattering matrices for both pristine loess and milled loess were constructed over 0–180∘, and the previous average scattering matrix for loess dust was updated. This study presents measurement results of Chinese loess dust and an updated average scattering matrix for loess, which are useful for validating existing models, developing more advanced models for optical simulations of loess dust, and helping to improve retrieval accuracy of dust aerosol properties over both source and downwind areas.
1D/2D/3D Dual Heterostructure Based on MoS2 Modified ZnO Heterojunction Diode With Silicon

Two dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) and their composites with metal oxides showed promising applications for visible-light responsive photocatalysis. In this work, we have synthesized optically tunable MoS2.ZnO heterostructure to cover the longer wavelength range in the visible-light region. The optical band gap tuning of the wide band gap ZnO from 3.23 eV to 2.91 eV is successfully achieved via chemical exfoliation and microwave assisted synthesis rout. The synthetic heterostructure was further used to prepare a Si/MoS2.ZnO heterojunction diode, which exhibits a diode like characteristics with excellent photoresponse behavior. It was measured that aphotoresponsivity of 212.2 mA/W, detectivity of 1.3 × 1010 Jones and response time of 200 ms up on irradiation of 20 mW/cm2 at a bias voltage of -2 V. The overall results are showing that it has potential for large area optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications.
Expression of EGFR and p-EGFR correlates with cisplatin sensitivity in oral squamous cell carcinomas

Summary Cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy displays significant anti-tumor activity against oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, its effectiveness in treatment of tumors is limited because of acquired or intrinsic resistance. Recently, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its downstream signaling pathways were found to be associated with sensitivity to cisplatin. In the present study, we showed that expression of EGFR and phosphorylated EGFR (p-EGFR) is significantly related to cisplatin sensitivity in OSCC. To confirm the relationships between degree of expression EGFR and p-EGFR on differences in cisplatin sensitivity, we established cisplatin-resistant cell lines from human OSCC-derived cell lines and evaluated expression of EGFR and p-EGFR with use of Western blot analysis. In addition, we analyzed expression of EGFR and p-EGFR in 70 biopsy specimens of OSCC and investigated correlations to patients’ clinicopathological parameters and responses to chemotherapy. Expression of EGFR and p-EGFR was higher in cisplatin-resistant cell lines than in the corresponding parental cell lines. High expression of EGFR and p-EGFR per immunohistochemical testing correlated negatively with chemosensitivity to cisplatin-based combination therapy; this difference was statistically significant (EGFR: P=0.019, p-EGFR: P=0.048). These results suggest that high expression of EGFR or p-EGFR in OSCC may provide novel diagnostic markers related to cisplatin sensitivity.
Micro Actions Support Culture of Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion in an Academic Library

As student workers at the Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) Library, we wanted to better understand the role of equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) in an academic library. In conversations with staff, both in person and through emailed questions and responses, we have found that personal values are a driving force behind many smaller, continuous staff actions in promoting EDI throughout different departments. Across libraries and larger institutions, EDI values are often built into larger strategic visions. However, guidance for the practical implementation of these values may be less specific, leaving staff to make their own decisions on how to achieve these larger institutional goals. Diversity and inclusion are top values at OHSU. However, there are no clear policies or guidelines for how to do this. For example, within the library’s collection development policy, there is no mention of EDI (Oregon Health & Science University Library, 2018). This does not mean, however, that there is not a culture of EDI at OHSU Library.
A Game Theoretic Analysis of Voluntary Euthanasia and Physician Assisted Suicide

In countries/states where voluntary euthanasia (VE) or physician‐assisted suicide (PAS) is legal, the patient's decision about whether to request VE or PAS heavily relies on the information others provide. We use the tools of microeconomic theory to study how communication between the patient, his family and his physician influences the patient's decision. We argue that families have considerable power over the patient and that the amount of information that is transmitted from physician to patient might be severely diminished as a result of legalizing VE or PAS. We discuss our main results in the context of the ongoing normative debate over the legalization of VE and PAS. (JEL D8, I12)
Inventory Sharing Strategy for Disposable Medical Items between Two Hospitals

When urgent situations occur (e.g., inaccurate demand forecast, traffic accidents, or infectious disease outbreaks), the stock of rescue medical items in the hospital might not be enough to cater to the drastically increased demand. Comparing with placing an expensive emergent replenishment order with dealers, requesting inventory sharing from another hospital with excessive stocks could save time and cost. This paper investigates the operation of the inventory sharing mechanism between two independent hospitals with the consideration of patient behavior. We first identified the inventory decisions when hospitals are under a no-sharing scenario, and derive hospitals’ sharing policies and inventory policies under the sharing scenario. Through numerical experiments, we found that the inventory sharing option is profitable for hospitals compared to emergent replenishment. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of patient behavior, safety inventory level of the hospital, and other cost parameters on inventory decisions. Under the sharing policy, the increase of hospital j’s emergent request rate and safety inventory level increased the optimal initial inventory level of hospital i, while the increase of hospital j’s initial inventory level decreased the optimal inventory level of hospital i. This paper provides more practical suggestions for hospitals’ inventory sharing operation.
Exploring Options for Improving Potato Productivity through Reducing Crop Yield Gap in Loess Plateau of China Based on Grey Correlation Analysis

Differences in crop yield between different fields in the same region have existed for a long time. Methods for improving the productivity of low-yield fields are a hot topic in large-scale agriculture. This experiment was carried out in potato planting farmland and at a potato experimental station in the Loess Plateau in China to study the effects of soil moisture and soil nutrients on potato yield potential and yield gap. The relationships between potato yield and soil nutrient factors were analyzed using the grey correlation method. The grey correlation method is a new technique for performing prediction, relational analysis and decision-making in many areas. The results indicate that (1) the high-yield group at the potato experimental station (HE) was 72,678 kg/ha; the mean-yield group at the potato experimental station (ME) was 36,083 kg/ha; the high-yield group in the potato planting farmland (HF) was 34,259 kg/ha; and the mean-yield group in the potato planting farmland (MF) was 19,386 kg/ha. (2) The yield gap (YG1) between HF and MF was 14,873 kg/ha; the yield gap (YG2) between ME and the MF was 16,697 kg/ha; the yield gap (YG3) between HE and the MF was 53291 kg/ha. (3) The effects of soil moisture and nutrients on potato yield were ranked from large to small: soil available potassium content > soil nitrate nitrogen content > soil organic matter content > soil water content > soil available phosphorus content. The results of correlation analysis and grey correlation analysis showed that the available potassium had the strongest correlation with potato tuber yield. (4) The content of nitrate nitrogen was significantly correlated with the content of available potassium and available phosphorus, while the water content was significantly correlated with the content of organic matter. According to the influence of soil moisture and nutrients on the potato tuber yield, it is suggested that integrated water and fertilizer cultivation measures be implemented, and the input of potash fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer be increased.
Exploring Theme Park Visitors’ Experience on Satisfaction and Revisit Intention: A Utilization of Experience Economy Model

ABSTRACT Although the success of a theme park depends heavily on visitors’ experience, few studies have sought to understand visitor behaviors. This research employs the experience economy model to investigate how different types of experience influence visitors’ satisfaction with the theme park and intention to revisit. A structural equation modeling approach with 530 visitors showed that both educational and esthetic experiences in theme parks significantly influenced visitors’ satisfaction while escapism was the only important experience that led to intention to revisit. This study offers a conceptual and specific perspective for understanding the various experiences available to a visitor and their separate impacts on satisfaction and intention to revisit. Findings provide concrete suggestions for developing effective programs and promotional materials, which in turn will help theme park operators to enhance their offerings and services and enrich visitors’ experiences.
Artificial Intelligence, Finance, and the Law

Artificial intelligence is an existential component of modern finance. The progress and promise realized and presented by artificial intelligence in finance has been thus far remarkable. It has made finance cheaper, faster, larger, more accessible, more profitable, and more efficient in many ways. Yet for all the significant progress and promise made possible by financial artificial intelligence, it also presents serious risks and limitations. This Article offers a study of those risks and limitations—the ways artificial intelligence and misunderstandings of it can harm and hinder law, finance, and society. It provides a broad examination of inherent and structural risks and limitations present in financial artificial intelligence, explains the implications posed by such dangers, and offers some recommendations for the road ahead. Specifically, it highlights the perils and pitfalls of artificial codes, data bias, virtual threats, and systemic risks relating to financial artificial intelligence. It also raises larger issues about the implications of financial artificial intelligence on financial cybersecurity, competition, and society in the near future. Ultimately, this Article aspires to share an insightful perspective for thinking anew about the wide-ranging effects at the intersection of artificial intelligence, finance, and the law with the hopes of creating better financial artificial intelligence—one that is less artificial, more intelligent, and ultimately more humane, and more human.
Arming America's K-12 Teachers, The Second Amendment and the Gun-Free School Zones Act: A Public Policy Analysis

ii DEDICATION . iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iv LIST OF TABLES . x CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION. 1 Background . 1 Statement of the Problem . 2 Legal and Societal Debate . 4 Purpose of the Study . 13 Research Questions . 14 Significance of the Study . 15 Design and Methodology . 15 Limitations and Delimitations . 16 Organization of the Study . 17 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE . 19 The Second Amendment . 19 Case Law Examination: The Second Amendment . 21 Operative Clause . 21 Prefatory Clause . 21 In-depth Synopsis: Case Law Challenging the Gun-Free School Zones Act United States v. Lopez (1995) . 26 The Second Amendment Retention in K-12 Public Schools . 28 Repealing the Gun-Free School Zones Act . 29