Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alternatives to the State: Or, Why a Non-Western IR Must Be a Revolutionary Science

The idea of the sovereign state is at the core of the Western understanding of international politics. If we are serious about coming up with non-Western theories of international politics, it is the state that must be questioned. This article suggests some ways in which this can be done. Only once we have unthought the state can we reconstruct international politics as a more equitable, and peaceful, world order.
Exploring the Nexus between Migrant Remittances and Economic Growth: A Study of Senegal

In this study, we assess the relationship between migrant remittances and economic growth in Senegal. The analysis utilized on an econometric approach using the ARDL bound testing method as an estimation technique. The estimation period is from 1980 to 2018. Overall, the estimates show a negative relationship between remittances and economic growth and an insignificant effect in the long run, while the nexus between economic growth and investment is positive in the long term. This provides the prospect of a study on the analysis of the impact on the economic growth of reallocation of remittances from consumption needs to savings-investment purposes.
Development of core subset for the collection of Chinese cultivated eggplants using morphological-based passport data

A total of 1968 accessions of cultivated eggplants, belonging to Solanum melongena and Solanum aethiopicum and procured from the IVC/JAAS (Nanjing) and IVC/ZAAS (Hangzhou), China, were examined for 23 morphological traits, such as characteristics of plant, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and original geographic information. A comprehensive numerical classification methodology, including two types of genetic distance, viz. Mahalanobis (Ma) distance and Euclidean (Eu) distance; four clustering methods, viz. unweighted pair group average (UPGA), Ward's (W), complete linkage (CL) and single linkage (SL) methods; three sampling strategies, viz. random (R), preferred (P) and deviation (D); and four sampling sizes (10, 15, 20 and 30% of initial collection), was used to divide all accessions into main groups and subgroups for the establishment of candidate collections. The evaluation of these candidate collections showed that a combination of Eu distance, UPGA clustering method, and R or P sampling strategy with sampling size at 15–20% was suitable for establishing the core collection, providing an adequate and representative genetic diversity of the initial collection of the cultivated eggplants.
New and Poorly Known Gripopterygidae (Plecoptera) from Australia, especially Tasmania

In the genus Newmanoperla the name exigua is reinstated for the Western Australian species, and a new species is described from Tasmania. The nymph of the wingless Leptoperla cacuminis from Mt Kosciusko is described. In Riekoperla a new species from Tasmania and a subspecies from King I. are described. The Tasmanian endemic Cardioperla is extensively revised, ten species with seven new specific names being recognized. In Dinotoperla a new species from both sides of Bass Strait is described, as are the unknown males of two Tasmanian species. In Trinotoperla two new species close to T. zwicki are described. For all the Tasmanian species the nymphs are comparatively described, and it is shown that in each of the genera Cardioperla, Riekoperla and Neboissoperla there is a Tasmanian species of which adults have not yet been collected.
A Roundtable Discussion on Collecting Demographics Data

GU IDE TO THE OPEN CONVERSAT IONS FORMAT : MYRNA PEREZ SHELDON TheOpen Conversations section is a new format for Isis. “Diversifying the Discipline or Disciplining Diversity? ” is a conversation among seven scholars that has been edited by Projit Mukharji and myself, with some of our own thoughts contributed to frame and introduce the various themes and threads that emerged in these exchanges. Each contributor was asked to respond to a set of questions about a proposed plan from the Editorial Board of Isis to collect demographic information about those who submit articles to the journal. After the initial round, the contributors were all asked to respond to at least two other pieces in a follow-up reflection. Projit and I then wove all these together into this set of exchanges. These are our seven contributors: Elise K. Burton, Junior Research Fellow at Newnham College at the University of Cambridge, will soon be joining the University of Toronto as Assistant Professor of Science and Technology Studies. Her work looks at how nationalism and genetics constantly and dynamically recombined in the twentieth-century Middle East, particularly in Turkey, Iran, and the Levant, thereby fashioning an evolving palette of raced identities.
Food Habits and Dietary Overlap in a Phyllostomid Bat Assemblage in the Pantanal of Brazil

Multiple studies at a local scale on food items consumed by coexisting species are necessary to determine patterns of resource partitioning among phyllostomid bats. Here we report the food items consumed by 11 phyllostomid bats and the similarity among the diets of the six most abundant species in the Pantanal wetlands of Brazil. We identified food items from fecal samples collected from 347 bats captured between 2002 and 2007. Most individuals (76%) fed on fruits. Arthropods and pollen were present in 56% and 37% of the fecal samples, respectively. Fruits of Ficus species and Cecropia pachystachya were mainly consumed by Artibeus jamaicensis, Platyrrhinus lineatus and Glossophaga soricina, whereas Piper species were the main fruits consumed by Sturnira lilium and Carollia perspicillata. Bauhinia ungulata was the most common source of pollen consumed by ten bat species, including Chrotopterus auritus for which pollen consumption has never been described before. Lepidoptera occurred in higher frequencies than other arthropod orders among fecal samples, but Coleoptera was the most important order for the insectivorous Lophostoma silvicolum. Overall, phyllostomids in the Pantanal fed on a low diversity of fruit and pollen species, and representatives of arthropod orders, appearing to induce a more ‘omnivorous’ diet regarding food types (fruits, floral resources, and arthropods) with a high overlap of food sources.
Sow's Streptococcus suis Deafness and Piglets Crushing Rate

Infections caused by Streptococcus suis are considered a global issue in the swine industry since they are associated with septicemia, meningitis, endocarditis and arthritis. Moreover, it is a zoonosis that afflicts people in close contact with infected pigs or pork-derived products. In this research, we aim to study the presence of S. Suis, type 2, as a possible cause of deafness, in farrowing sows, in relation to piglets crushing which is a major pre weaning mortality problem. From the analysis of sow’s reactions to specific sounds we studied if deafness influences piglets early crushing and by counting the number of piglets crushed and investigating the presence of S. suis infection we search for a correlation towards this problem.From the deafness test 78 sows (30%) were classified as non-reactive and sampled for bacteriology. These sows had a 0.65 avreage-crushed piglets per nest while reactive ones had 0.38 (P<0.05). There appears to be a cross correlation between infection of S. suis, hypacusia and neonatal crushing. Our results show how infections of the inner ear can be a problem for the productivity in intensive pig farms. It is interesting to underline the high number of deaf animals that crush on piglets (30%) confirming the importance of auditive recognition of nests. Prophylaxis with vaccines or antibiotic treatment against S. suis type 2 seem to be a valuable help in avoiding chronic forms of hypacusia and meningitis and pre-weaning mortality rate.
Introduction to the Symposium: Antarctic Marine Biology

“We have added a great deal of knowledge of life in the pack from observations of the whales, seals, penguins, birds and fishes as well as of the pelagic beasts which are caught in tow-nets. Life in one form or another is very plentiful in the pack, and the struggle for existence here as elsewhere is a fascinating subject of study. ”—Robert F. Scott, Scott's Last Expedition: The Journals of Captain R. F. Scott , 1913 The history of antarctic exploration, which now dates back over two full centuries, is rich with adventure, discovery and tragedy. In the early nineteenth century, the first documentations of the abundant marine life that characterized antarctic waters were revealed through the eyes of those hunting for seals including Nathaniel Palmer and James Weddell. Numerous expeditions followed these early sealers and contributed significant information on the diversity and distribution of antarctic marine life, perhaps most notably the Challenger expedition (1872–1876) led by Sir Charles Wyville Thomson. Arguably, it was the 1901–1904 British National expedition of Robert Scott that can be credited with the first true studies of antarctic marine biology. For here among Scott's men were intrepid naturalists such as Edward Wilson and Thomas Hodgson who braved the brutal …
Effect of walking on roughage intake and milk yield and composition of Montbéliarde and Tarentaise dairy cows

Au total, 28 vaches multipares (14 Tarentaises et 14 Montbeliardes) en phase descendante de lactation ont ete utilisees dans un essai en inversion hierachise. Durant tout l'essai, les animaux recevaient a volonte un foin de dactyle de deuxieme coupe, complemente avec une quantite fixe de concentre, adaptee a la production de chaque vache. Le premier jour de chacune des deux periodes de 8 jours, un des deux lots (sept vaches de chaque race) a effectue une marche prolongee unique de 12,8 km. Au cours des 24 heures qui ont suivi la marche, on a observe une diminution des quantites ingerees de fourrage (-1,1 kg MS/jour, p < 0,01) et de la production laitiere, plus importante (p < 0,05) chez les vaches Montbeliardes (-3,3 kg/jour) que chez les vaches Tarentaises (-1,7 kg/jour). Parallelement, le taux butyreux a augmente, de maniere semblable chez les deux races (+ 6 g/kg, p < 0,01). Le taux proteique n'a augmente que chez les vaches Montbeliardes (+1,1 g/kg,p p < 0,1). Au sein des deux races, la numeration cellulaire du lait a fortement augmente suite a la marche (+600 000 cellules/mL, p < 0,01), sans qu'aucun cas de mammite clinique ne soit detecte. La marche a entraine une augmentation de la temperature corporelle (+0,5 °C, p < 0,01), et des teneurs plasmatiques en acides gras non esterifies (+1,18 mM/L, p < 0,01) et en glucose (+0,08 g/L, p < 0,01).
MicroRNA-7 as a Potential Biomarker for Prognosis in Pancreatic Cancer

MicroRNAs play critical roles in tumor progression. Our recent study has indicated that microRNA-7 (miR-7) impairs autophagy-derived pools of glucose to suppress the glycolysis in pancreatic cancer progression. However, the roles of miR-7 in clinical significance and chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer remain unexplored. The aim of this study was to assess the expression of miR-7 in patients with pancreatic cancer and to evaluate the possibility of its usage as a prognostic molecular biomarker. MicroRNA array-based quantification analysis of 372 miRNAs was compared in serum between pancreatic cancer and healthy individuals, gemcitabine-sensitive and gemcitabine-resistance patients. We identified miR-7 showed the potential predictive power for gemcitabine-sensitive patients with pancreatic cancer. Then, the results were validated in pancreatic tissue microarray and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset, demonstrating that lower miR-7 expression was correlated with more advanced tumor stages and worse prognosis in pancreatic cancer. The Cox proportional-hazards model analysis identified miR-7 to be an independent variable for prediction of the survival. Furthermore, the mechanistic exploration suggested the clinical significance of miR-7 involved its interference effect on autophagy and glycolysis in pancreatic cancer using pancreatic cancer tissue microarrays and TCGA data. Therefore, the results of the present study provide evidences that low microRNA-7 expression may contribute to tumor progression and poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer.
Insect pests on winter oilseed rape studied by different catching methods

The distribution, species association and number of pest insects on winter oilseed rape of varieties 'Wotan' and 'Express' were studied in field experiments. Three catching methods were used: black plastic basins on the soil surface between plants, yellow flight traps filled with water at the height of the crop canopy and the shaking of plants above a plastic basin. The most abundant pest species was the pollen beetle, Meligethes aeneus, while the number of individuals from the species M. virescens in traps was much lesser. The other important group of pest insects were weevils Ceutorrhynchus spp. , the most common of which was the cabbage seed weevil, C. assimilis. Three species of flea beetles Phyllotreta undulata, Ph. vittata and Ph. nemorum were typical contents of traps during May. In the last decade of May, there was a large number of thrips (Thysanoptera, Tripidae) in traps. Winter oilseed rape began to flower to some extent later, when pest insects of cruciferous plants had ended their hibernation. Therefore, the pests first inhabited weeds and already flowering plants, from where they later moved onto winter oilseed rape. In the field of winter oil seed rape, chemical pest control with a pyrethroid, Fastac, did not significantly influence the abundance of pest insects. In the last decade of May, the total number of beetles in all test variants was relatively small, but, at the beginning of June, it increased almost to an equal extent. On the basis of flight traps, heavy damage of pods could be assumed, however, only a few larvae fell into traps on the soil surface, and virtually no damaged pods were detected. Thus the spraying with Fastac had no significant effects on the number of insects caught in traps.
Mastogloia smithii var lacustris Grun.: A Structural Engineer of Calcareous Mats in Karstic Subtropical Wetlands

ABSTRACT. Mastogloia smithii var. lacustris Grun. is the dominant diatom in periphyton mats of the calcareous, freshwater to brackish wetlands of Caribbean coasts. Despite oligotrophy, frequent desiccation, high irradiance and temperatures, and occasional fire, periphyton communities in these wetlands can produce over 2000 g m-2 of organic biomass, prompting studies that examine stress resistance and maintenance of algal mats under extreme conditions. The diatom flora inhabiting periphyton mats from over 500 sites in the Florida Everglades and similar wetlands in Belize, Jamaica and Mexico was examined, and M. smithii var. lacustris was a persistent component, present in 97% of samples and comprising up to 80% of a diverse diatom assemblage. Valves at various stages of division were observed encased in extracellular polysaccharide that exceeded the cell volume; SEM observations confirm issuance from mantle pores resulting in suspension of the cell in a matrix dominated by cyanobacterial filaments. Using corresponding biophysical data from the collection sites, we define the optima for M. smithii var. lacustris along salinity, pH, phosphorus, and water depth gradients. Experiments revealed a collapse of M. smithii var. lacustris populations in the presence of above-ambient phosphorus concentrations and a rapid resurgence upon reflooding of desiccated mats. This widespread diatom taxon appears to play a critical role similar to that of cyanobacteria in microbial mats, and its disappearance in the presence of enrichment threatens biodiversity and the natural function in these systems that are increasingly influenced by urbanization.
Completeness in Quasi-Pseudometric Spaces

The aim of this paper is to discus the relations between various notions of sequential completeness and the corresponding notions of completeness by nets or by filters in the setting of quasi-metric spaces. We propose a new definition of right $K$-Cauchy net in a quasi-metric space for which the corresponding completeness is equivalent to the sequential completeness. In this way we complete some results of R. ~A. Stoltenberg, Proc. London Math. Soc. \textbf{17} (1967), 226--240, and V. ~Gregori and J.~Ferrer, Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. , III Ser. , \textbf{49} (1984), 36.
Courtship Calls and Behavior in Two Species of Chorus Frogs, Genus Pseudacris (anura: Hylidae)

Abstract We studied the courtship behavior of two species of chorus frogs, Pseudacris illinoensis and P. triseriata, in western Illinois. We report observations of courtship behavior and describe courtship calls for each species. These calls were given in response to both male and female conspecifics entering the calling spaces of resident males. Courtship calls given in response to an intruder were never followed by aggressive behaviors from the resident or the intruder, and courtship calls were never given in response to playbacks of conspecific advertisement calls. Thus, these calls do not appear to be used in an aggressive context. Courtship calls of P. illinoensis are longer in duration than advertisement calls. Courtship calls in P. triseriata consist of multiple notes compared to single note advertisement calls. These courtship calls have higher pulse rates and lower dominant frequencies, and they are given at faster calling rates than advertisement calls. Courtship calls of both species are more variable in structure within males than advertisement calls. Like two other species of chorus frogs for which courtship calls have been reported, courtship calls in P. illinoensis and P. triseriata are modifications of the advertisement call. Courtship calls in the genus that have been described so far do not appear to share a common structure. The recognition of courtship calls in a chorus may play a useful role in long-term monitoring of anuran breeding activity, especially in remotely determining the presence of gravid females.
Box canyon erosion along the Canterbury coast (New Zealand): A rapid and episodic process controlled by rainfall intensity and substrate variability

Abstract. Box canyon formation has been associated to groundwater seepage in unconsolidated sand to gravel sized sediments. Our understanding of box canyon evolution mostly relies on experiments and numerical simulations, and these rarely take into consideration contrasts in lithology and permeability. In addition, process-based observations and detailed instrumental analyses are rare. As a result, we have a poor understanding of the temporal scale of box canyon formation and the influence of geological heterogeneity on their formation. We address these issues along the Canterbury coast of the South Island (New Zealand) by integrating field observations, optically stimulated luminescence dating, multi-temporal Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and satellite data, time-domain electromagnetic data, and slope stability and landscape evolution modelling. We show that box canyon formation is a key process shaping the sandy gravel cliffs of the Canterbury coastline. It is an episodic process associated to groundwater flow that occurs once every 227 days on average, when rainfall intensities exceed 40 mm per day. The majority of the box canyons in a study area SE of Ashburton has undergone erosion, predominantly by elongation, during the last 11 years, with the most recent episode occurring 3 years ago. The two largest box canyons have not been eroded in the last 2 ka, however. Canyons can form at rates of up to 30 m per day via two processes: the formation of alcoves and tunnels by groundwater seepage, followed by retrogressive slope failure due to undermining and a decrease in shear strength driven by excess pore pressure development. The location of box canyons is determined by the occurrence of hydraulically-conductive zones, such as relict braided river channels and possibly tunnels, and of sand lenses exposed across sandy gravel cliff. We also show that box canyon formation is best represented by a linear diffusive model and geometrical scaling.
Wearable Technology for “Real-World Research”: Realistic or Not?

Research conducted in laboratories is unlikely to be representative of human functioning in the “real world. ” Or so one is led to believe when one sifts through the psychological literature of the last century. Discussions about the generalisability of laboratory research beyond its confines have arisen in the fields of perception, attention, memory, and social cognition as well as many applied sciences (see Holleman et al., 2020b, for an overview). More often than not, papers advocating research in the “real world” are published in highimpact journals. Of course, this is in itself no reason for particular concern. What does concern us is that some of these papers make unrealistic claims about how “real-world research”—whatever its precise definition—is to be conducted. The fact that such claims are made in high-impact journals is worrisome, as papers in these journals are often the basis for grant applications or serve as a starting point for new researchers. A recent claim that particularly concerns us is that techniques such as wearable eye trackers, mobile electroencephalography (EEG), and mobile functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) will allow researchers to finally conduct “real-world research” (P erezEdgar et al., 2020; Shamay-Tsoory & Mendelsohn, 2019). The gist is that with wearable technology, one can freely roam the world, while (eye-movement) behaviour and its neural correlates are continuously measured, allowing for profound insights into human perception and cognition. In our view, there is a stark contrast between how this claim is presented and the real problems of the empirical work. We have often found that researchers vastly underestimate the reality of conducting research with wearable technology, whether it is conducted inside or outside of the laboratory. Using wearable eye tracking as an example, we show that there are theoretical, conceptual, and methodological problems when moving from classical laboratory-based research to research using wearable technology, which many researchers seem to be unaware of. Although our focus is on eye-tracking research, as that is where our expertise lies, we expect that similar concerns can be raised about research using mobile EEG or mobile fNIRS. The fact that some researchers overestimate what wearable eye trackers can deliver is perhaps best illustrated by a quote from a recent paper advocating the use of wearable technology for “real-world research. ” Shamay-Tsoory & Mendelsohn (2019) state that “. newly available portable eye-tracking systems offer a cost-effective, easy to apply, and reliable measure of eye gaze and saccades in an ecological environment” (p. 853, our emphasis). If this were true, wearable eye trackers might indeed be wonderful tools for studying “real-life” behaviour. However, we contest these three postulated characteristics of wearable Perception 2020, Vol. 49(6) 611–615 ! The Author(s) 2020