Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Histological and Immunohistochemical Changes of Congenital Melanocytic Nevi With Age

Abstract: Clinical but not histological changes of congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) with age are well characterized. Our objective was to analyze histological changes of CMN with age and discuss possible clinical implications of our findings. We investigated serial excisions of 21 patients with CMN and compared histological and immunohistochemical features over time. The median number of serial excisions was 6 [interquartile range (IQR) 5–7], the median age at the first excision was 12 months (IQR 5–98), and the median time between the first and last analyzed excision was 53 months (IQR 45–64). The projected adult size of the excised CMN was “large” or “giant” in 14 of the 21 CMN (67%) and “medium” in the remaining lesions (33%). Nineteen CMN (90%) involved the subcutaneous fat, and 16 of the 21 CMN (76%) reached the lower surgical margin. The histological pattern and depth did not change over time but the cellularity and HMB-45 expression of dermal melanocytes decreased in 16 of the 21 patients (76%) and in 15 of the 21 patients (71%), respectively (both P < 0.001). Patients with decreasing HMB-45 expression were significantly younger at the first excision (median 6 months, IQR 4–28) than patients with unchanged HMB-45 expression (median 176 months, IQR 12–186; P = 0.018). The expression of Ki-67 and p16 did not change significantly with age. Our study demonstrates that (1) the cellularity and pigment production of CMN decreases with age, (2) the histological pattern and extension in depth remain stable, and (3) clear resection margins can rarely be achieved in larger CMN.
Facing the challenge of viral mutations in the age of pandemic: Developing highly potent, broad‐spectrum, and safe COVID‐19 vaccines and therapeutics

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) has ravaged the globe throughout 2020. Very recently, the UK imposed further lockdown restrictions upon the discovery of a new SARS-CoV-2 lineage, B.1. 1.7, which appears to have stronger human-to-human transmissibility. The COVID-19 Genomics Consortium UK (CoG-UK) found that the number of B.1. 1.7-infected cases has grown markedly since September, 2020, and that this lineage can account for an increased proportion of clinical cases in several regions of England.1 In a press conference, the Chief Science Adviser of CoG-UK remarked that “the slew ofmutationsmay have increased the virus’ transmissibility by 70%. "2 This news immediately provoked widespread concern and intensive discussion. The B.1. 1.7 lineage contains an unusually large number of genetic changes, more than previous SARS-CoV2 isolates, including 14 non-synonymous mutations and three deletions inORF1ab, spike protein, ORF8, and nucle-
Soil C extracted with water or K2SO4: pH effect on determination of microbial biomass

Routine determination of soil microbial biomass C has shifted during the past decade from chloroform fumigation-incubation to chloroform fumigation-extraction using 0.5 M K2SO4 as extractant. We compared extractable C with water and 0.5 M K2SO4 in eight soils ranging in pH from 5.4 to 8.3. In unfumigated soils with low pH, extractable C was 0.8- to 1.2-fold greater with water than with 0.5 M K2SO4. However, in unfumigated soils with pH > 7.7, extractable C, although not statistically significant, was 11 to 19% less with water than with 0.5 M K2SO4. In fumigated soils, no difference in extractable C between water and 0.5 M K2SO4 was detected among soils with pH 7.7. Our results suggest that 0.5 M K2SO4 (1) may flocculate soil and cause adsorption of solubilized C onto colloids at pH 7.7, thereby differentially affecting the fate of solubilized C depending upon soil pH.
Blowing Iron Chalcogenides into Two-Dimensional Flaky Hybrids with Superior Cyclability and Rate Capability for Potassium-Ion Batteries.

Chalcogenide-based anodes are receiving increasing attention for rechargeable potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) due to their high theoretical capacities. However, they usually exhibit poor electrochemical performance due to poor structural stability, low conductivity, and severe electrolyte decomposition on the reactive surface. Herein, a method analogous to "blowing bubbles with gum" is used to confine FeS2 and FeSe2 in N-doped carbon for PIB anodes with ultrahigh cyclic stability and enhanced rate capability (over 5000 cycles at 2 A g-1). Several theoretical and experimental methods are employed to understand the electrodes' performance. The density functional theory calculations showed high affinity for potassium adsorption on the FeS2 and FeSe2. The in situ XRD and ex situ TEM analysis confirmed the formation of several intermediate phases of the general formula KxFeS2. These phases have high conductivity and large interlayer distance, which promote reversible potassium insertion and facilitate the charge transfer. Also, the calculated potassium diffusion coefficient during charge/discharge further proves the enhanced kinetics. Furthermore, The FeS2@NC anode in a full cell also exhibits high cyclic stability (88% capacity retention after 120 cycles with 99.9% Coulombic efficiency). Therefore, this work provides not only an approach to overcome several challenges in PIB anodes but also a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism and kinetics of the potassium interaction with chalcogenides.
The Risks of Complications During Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in Cystic Fibrosis Patients: An Anatomical and Endoscopic Study

An increasing proportion of adult cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is being referred to endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in order to relieve the symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Given that CFTR mutations profoundly alter sinonasal development, we want to explore the relationship between their peculiar surgical anatomy and the risk of postoperative complications.
Partners’ engagement in surveillance among survivors of colorectal cancer: A qualitative study

Following treatment of Stage III colorectal cancer, guidelines recommend 3–5 years of surveillance for recurrence. However, over half of the 1.2 million U.S. survivors of colorectal cancer fail to receive guideline‐concordant surveillance. In light of growing recognition that members of couples are interdependent and influence each other's health behaviors, we sought to describe, in their own words, the perspectives of spouses/partners on their engagement in patients’ surveillance.
Laser productions of fullerene ions promoted by additive compounds in carbon targets

By doping various compounds, which can dissociate free radicals covalently bonding with carbon clusters, into the carbon target, C60+ and other fullerene ions were produced from direct laser vaporization. The compounds do not provide the carbon atoms, and to exhibit the promotion effect, only very small amounts of the species need to be doped, so the free radicals dissociated from the compounds behaved as catalysts in the formation process of the fullerenes. Among the various free radicals, free chlorine atom was found to be most effective in promoting fullerene formation. After doping the compounds, fullerene ions can be created from different forms of carbons, such as amorphous carbon, glassy carbon, graphite, and even diamond. Based on the experimental results, the catalysis mechanism of the free radicals and the formation process of fullerenes are suggested.
No Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation over Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex on Temporal Attention

Abstract Selection mechanisms that dynamically gate only relevant perceptual information for further processing and sustained representation in working memory are critical for goal-directed behavior. We examined whether this gating process can be modulated by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (lDLPFC)—a region known to play a key role in working memory and conscious access. Specifically, we examined the effects of tDCS on the magnitude of the “attentional blink” (AB), a deficit in identifying the second of two targets presented in rapid succession. Thirty-four participants performed an AB task before (baseline), during and after 20 min of 1-mA anodal and cathodal tDCS in two separate sessions. On the basis of previous reports linking individual differences in AB magnitude to individual differences in DLPFC activity and on the basis of suggestions that effects of tDCS depend on baseline brain activity levels, we hypothesized that anodal tDCS over lDLPFC would modulate the magnitude of the AB as a function of individual baseline AB magnitude. Behavioral results did not provide support for this hypothesis. At the group level, we also did not observe any significant effects of tDCS, and a Bayesian analysis revealed strong evidence that tDCS to lDLPFC did not affect AB performance. Together, these findings do not support the idea that there is an optimal level of prefrontal cortical excitability for cognitive function. More generally, they add to a growing body of work that challenges the idea that the effects of tDCS can be predicted from baseline levels of behavior.
Breakfast consumption is inversely associated with primary headaches in university students: The MEPHASOUS study.

OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to examine the association between breakfast consumption pattern and primary headaches in a large population of university students. METHODS This cross-sectional study was done on the MEPHASOUS dataset that contained the information of 83,677 university students, aged ≥18 years, from 28 provinces of Iran. Dietary intakes and breakfast consumption pattern were assessed using a validated self-administered dietary habits questionnaire. Primary headaches were determined according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders-3 (ICHD-3) criteria. Binary logistic regression in different adjusted models was used to assess the association between breakfast consumption and primary headaches. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 21.50 ± 4.01. Primary headaches were prevalent among 9% of university students. A significant inverse association was seen between breakfast consumption and odds of primary headaches [odds ratio (OR): 0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.51-0.62]. This association remained significant even after taking potential confounders into account; such that students who consumed breakfast frequently had 26% lower odds of primary headaches compared with those who consumed it <1 day/week (OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.65-0.85). Moreover, such a significant inverse association was observed in female students (OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.49-0.61) as well as those with BMI < 25 kg/m2 (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.58-0.79). However, it became non-significant in male students and those with overweight or obesity. CONCLUSION We found that frequent breakfast consumption is associated with a decreased odds of primary headaches in female students and those with BMI < 25 kg/m2. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of conventional transarterial chemoembolization with and without drug‐eluting beads embolization for the treatment of unresectable large hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a poor prognosis. Moreover, large HCCs have been commonly observed. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of drug‐eluting beads transarterial chemoembolization (DEB‐TACE) combined with conventional TACE (cTACE) for the treatment of patients with unresectable large HCCs (main tumor ≥5 cm in diameter) compared with cTACE alone.
Cardiovascular disease in children with chronic kidney disease

Purpose of review Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The cause of CVD in children with CKD is multifactorial and there are new and emerging data regarding prevalence and risk factors for CVD in this population. Recent findings A number of recent publications from longitudinal cohort studies of children with CKD have greatly increased our knowledge about the prevalence and risk factors for CVD including hypertension, obesity and dyslipidaemia. Masked hypertension and isolated nocturnal hypertension both correlate with surrogate markers of CVD in children. Obesity and adiposity are associated with an increased risk of CVD. Markers other than BMI such as waist to height ratio and fat-free tissue to fat tissue ratio better correlate with the presence of CVD in children. Dyslipidaemia is extremely prevalent in the paediatric CKD population, but there is a lack of consensus on treatment. More data on the relationship between bone mineral disease and CVD continue to emerge including an association between hyperparathyroidism and isolated nocturnal hypertension. Summary Children with CKD have multiple potentially modifiable risk factors for CVD. Research focused on CVD outcomes in children is needed.
Degradable Amphiphilic End-Linked Conetworks with Aqueous Degradation Rates Determined by Polymer Topology

Degradable amphiphilic conetworks, based on end-linked amphiphilic ABA triblock copolymers with a labile fragment in the middle, were synthesized by sequential group transfer polymerization (GTP) of monomers and cross-linker, using a GTP bifunctional initiator containing two hemiacetal ester cleavable groups. The degrees of swelling (DSs) in tetrahydrofuran (a nonselective solvent) of most conetworks span a range of values from 15 to 18, whereas the sol fraction ranged between 27 and 42% in most cases. The labile groups of the initiator fragment allowed for the facile, site-specific conetwork cleavage in pure water and alcohols at a rate that depended on polymer architecture and composition. A systematic investigation was performed by following in detail the temporal evolution of the swollen mass of the conetworks in water and methanol. Most interestingly, a particular conetwork presented a maximum in its swelling profile with time both in water (DSmax ∼ 20) and in methanol (DSmax ∼ 30) due to the simulta.
Stress of needle specimen on the three‐dimensional atom probe (3DAP)

The three‐dimensional atom probe (3DAP) is one of the ways to image materials three‐dimensionally on atomic scale. However, some technical issues in 3DAP are still unresolved. One of them is the rupture of a specimen that sometimes occurs when the atoms are field‐evaporated at the apex of a needle specimen. This is caused by the high electric stress around the tip of the needle specimen. One way to reduce the stress is to enlarge the taper angle of the needle specimen. In this study, adapting this idea to 3DAP, we estimated the appropriate values of not only the taper angle of the needle specimen but also its diameter, length, radius of curvature, and distance between the tip and local electrode by simulation. Furthermore, we calculated the average value of field‐induced stress on each plane for z‐direction in the specimen. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self-Administered Behavioral Skills–Based At-Home Virtual Reality Therapy for Chronic Low Back Pain: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Chronic pain is one of the most common and debilitating health conditions. Treatments for chronic low back pain typically focus on biomedical treatment approaches. While psychosocial treatments exist, multiple barriers prevent broad access. There is a significant unmet need for integrative, easily accessible, non-opioid solutions for chronic pain. Virtual reality (VR) is an immersive technology allowing innovation in the delivery of behavioral pain treatments. Behavioral skills-based VR is effective at facilitating pain management and reducing pain-related concerns. Continued research on these emerging approaches is needed. Objective In this randomized controlled trial, we seek to test the efficacy of a self-administered behavioral skills-based VR program as a nonpharmacological home-based pain management treatment for people with chronic low back pain (cLBP). Methods We will randomize 180 individuals with cLBP to 1 of 2 VR programs: (1) EaseVRx (8-week skills-based VR program); or (2) Sham VR (control condition). All participants will receive a VR headset to minimize any biases related to the technology’s novelty. The Sham VR group had 2D neutral content in a 3D theater-like environment. Our primary outcome is average pain intensity and pain-related interference with activity, stress, mood, and sleep. Our secondary outcomes include patient-reported physical function, sleep disturbance, pain self-efficacy, pain catastrophizing, pain acceptance, health utilization, medication use, and user satisfaction. We hypothesize superiority for the skills-based VR program in all of these measures compared to the control condition. Team statisticians blinded to treatment assignment will assess outcomes up to 6 months posttreatment using an approach suitable for the longitudinal nature of the data. Results The study was approved by the Western Institutional Review Board on July 2, 2020. The protocol (NCT04415177) was registered on May 27, 2020. Recruitment for this study was completed in July 2020, and data collection will remain active until March 2021. In total, 186 participants were recruited. Multiple manuscripts will be generated from this study. The primary manuscript will be submitted for publication in the winter of 2020. Conclusions Effectively delivering behavioral treatments in VR could overcome barriers to care and provide scalable solutions to chronic pain’s societal burden. Our study could help shape future research and development of these innovative approaches. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04415177; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04415177 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR1-10.2196/25291
Effect of supplying P to a portion of the soybean root system on root growth and P uptake kinetics 1

Abstract Knowledge of the effect of supplying P to portions of the soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) root system on P influx kinetics and root growth is important in developing P fertilizer placement practices for efficient fertilizer use. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of restricting P supply to portions of the root system on plant P status, root growth, and P influx kinetics. Two solution experiments were conducted in a controlled climate chamber. Phosphorus influx kinetics were determined on 25‐day‐old soybean plants that had been grown with 100, 75, 50, 25, and 12.5% of their roots initially exposed to P. Phosphorus influx kinetics were also measured on 25‐day‐old plants that had been P‐starved for the last 1, 2, 4, and 6 days prior to the determining P influx kinetics in order to relate plant P status to P influx kinetics. Reducing the portion of the roots supplied with P reduced P uptake. This resulted in a reduction in plant P concentration and was related to a 3.41‐fold inc.
Preparation of a highly effective lubricating oil additive – ceria/graphene composite

Graphene decorated with well-dispersed cubic fluorite ceria (CeO2) nanoparticles was prepared through a simple hydrothermal method. The as-prepared CeO2/graphene composites (COGNCs) were further used as lubricant additives in the base oil of liquid paraffin to investigate their tribological properties by the Optimol SRV-1 oscillating reciprocating friction and wear tests in air (relative humidity, 17%). The results indicated that the introduction of a small amount of COGNCs into the base oil could reduce friction and wear drastically under a high load condition, which was better than the testing results of graphene or CeO2 nanoparticles. Specifically, when 0.06 wt% COGNCs was added into the base oil, the average friction coefficient could be reduced from 0.21 to 0.10, and the wear rate could be decreased to 1.5% of that of base oil. The excellent tribological properties of COGNCs can be explained by the synergistic friction reduction and antiwear effects of graphene and CeO2 nanoparticles.
Prenatal exposure to atrazine induces cryptorchidism and hypospadias in F1 male mouse offspring

The main objective of the present study was to determine whether prenatal exposure to atrazine could affect testicle descent and penile masculinization. Atrazine has been demonstrated with a variety of endocrine disrupting activities and reproductive toxicities. However, the effects of prenatal atrazine exposure on male offspring's genital malformation, such as hypospadias and cryptorchidism, remain poorly understood. In this study, pregnant ICR mice were gavaged from gestational day 12.5–16.5 with different doses of atrazine. Although no sign of systemic toxicity was observed in F1 male pups, prenatal exposure to 100 mg/kg/day atrazine affected penile morphology, urethral meatus position and descent of testis, and reduced anogenital distance and penile size in postnatal day 21 F1 male pups. The comparative study with an androgen receptor (AR) antagonist vinclozolin suggested that these effects of atrazine on male genital development may not be through antagonism of AR. The results also revealed that atrazine exposure significantly reduced maternal serum testosterone levels, decreased AR nuclear translocation, and altered the expression levels of developmental gene networks in developing penis of mice. Atrazine exposure also affected the expression of insulin‐like 3 (Insl3) and steroidogenic gene expression in developing reproductive tract. Therefore, our data indicate that prenatal atrazine exposure can induce hypospadias in F1 mice, likely through disruption of testosterone production, decreasing genomic androgen action, and then altering expression of developmental genes during sexual differentiation. Our data also suggest that prenatal atrazine exposure can induce cryptorchidism in F1 mice, possibly through down regulation of Insl3.
A Two-Phase Approach for Building Vietnamese WordNet

Wordnets play an important role not only in linguistics but also in natural language processing (NLP). This paper reports major results of a project which aims to construct a wordnet for Vietnamese language. We propose a two-phase approach to the construction of Vietnamese WordNet employing available language resources and ensuring Vietnamese specific linguistic and cultural characteristics. We also give statistical results and analyses to show characteristics of the wordnet.
Multilingual Sense Intersection in a Parallel Corpus with Diverse Language Families

Supervised methods for Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) benefit from high-quality sense-annotated resources, which are lacking for many languages less common than English. There are, however, several multilingual parallel corpora that can be inexpensively annotated with senses through cross-lingual methods. We test the effectiveness of such an approach by attempting to disambiguate English texts through their translations in Italian, Romanian and Japanese. Specifically, we try to find the appropriate word senses for the English words by comparison with all the word senses associated to their translations. The main advantage of this approach is in that it can be applied to any parallel corpus, as long as large, high-quality inter-linked sense inventories exist for all the languages considered.
Ancient Greek WordNet Meets the Dynamic Lexicon: the Example of the Fragments of the Greek Historians

The Ancient Greek WordNet (AGWN) and the Dynamic Lexicon (DL) are multilingual resources to study the lexicon of Ancient Greek texts and their translations. Both AGWN and DL are works in progress that need accuracy improvement and manual validation. After a detailed description of the current state of each work, this paper illustrates a methodology to cross AGWN and DL data, in order to mutually score the items of each resource according to the evidence provided by the other resource. The training data is based on the corpus of the Digital Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum (DFHG), which includes ancient Greek texts with Latin translations.