Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vertical Mixing Enhanced by Artificial Mound in the Shallow Ocean

An artificial mound was settled at the shallow ocean of 33deg 28' 42'' N and 129deg 25' 29" E for the purpose that it enhances vertical mixing and consequently carries the nutrients from the bottom to surface layer aiming at rich primary production. In order to understand the flow characteristics near the mound, vertical shear was measured by two kinds of ADCPs, one was loaded on a moving boat and the other was settled at the sea bottom. Stratification was also measured regularly by a CTD. Energy dissipation rate and diapycnal diffusivity were estimated from vertical shear and stratification. Spatial and temporal distributions of diapycnal diffusivity were obtained from moving and fixed ADCPs, respectively. The estimated values give an evidence for the enhancement of vertical mixing near the mound in the full spring tide, while little enhancement was found in the other tidal timings. It was confirmed that the tidal currents plays a significant role on the turbulent dissipation; namely, the estimated diapycnal diffusivity was well correlated to the tidal speed.
Biofeedback and Anxiety Disorders: A Critical Review of EMG, EEG, and HRV Feedback

Anxiety disorders are characterized by ongoing and situationally disproportionate fear and anxiety, and the associated significant distress and impairment of normal functioning (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). These disorders affect nearly one third of Americans in their lifetimes, indicating that a massive group of people stand to benefit from the development of effective and feasible treatments for anxiety symptoms (Valentiner, Fergus, Behar, & Conybeare, 2014). There are certainly many reasons why pharmaceutical treatments for anxiety disorders are so popular with patients and clinicians today, but there are significant drawbacks that should motivate researchers to develop better treatments. Researchers are investigating the general efficacy of biofeedback for anxiety, as well as which types of biofeedback may be most effective for which types of symptoms and disorders. In this review, I summarize findings on electromyography (EMG), electroencephalography (EEG), and heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback treatments for anxiety. While EMG research seems to have stalled due to minimal supporting evidence, I recommend further research on EEG and HRV as adjunctive treatments for anxiety disorders. Overall, further research on biofeedback will contribute to the transition away from the disease model of psychopathology with purely pharmaceutical treatment to the complex systems learning model in which the individual patient may receive unique skill-building therapies targeted to his or her particular needs. Keywords : biofeedback, anxiety disorders, alternative treatment, neurofeedback
Ca2+ channel remodeling in perfused heart: effects of mechanical work and interventions affecting Ca2+ cycling on sarcolemmal and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ channels

We investigated whether changes in cardiac work or in Ca2+ fluxes may affect the expression of sarcolemmal or sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ channels (DHPRs and RyRs, respectively). Isolated rat hearts were perfused at low Ca2+ concentration (0.8 mM instead of 1.5 mM), at low preload (5 cm instead of 20 cm), in the presence of 100 nM nifedipine or with a cardioplegic solution. After 60 min, hypocalcemic perfusion produced significant reduction in [3H]‐PN 200–110 and [3H]‐ryanodine binding, due to ≈30% reduction in Bmax (P<0.01), with unchanged Kd. Such modifications were reversible. Similar results were obtained in the nifedipine and cardioplegia groups. Low preload perfusion produced similar contractile effects as hypocalcemic perfusion, but it had no effect on radioligand binding. After hypocalcemic perfusion, DHPR and RyR gene expression, evaluated by RT‐PCR, were not modified. Chelerythrine (protein kinase C inhibitor) and lavendustin C (Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II inhibitor), but not H‐89 (protein kinase A inhibitor), abolished the effects of hypocalcemic perfusion on [3H]‐PN 200–110 and [3H]‐ryanodine binding. We conclude that reduced Ca2+ entry and/or intracellular Ca2+ cycling determines DHPR and RyR remodeling through posttranslational protein modifications. Both protein kinase C and Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II appear to play a role in this phenomenon.
Associations of alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, and drug use/dependence with educational attainment: evidence from cotwin-control analyses.

BACKGROUND Although substance use is associated with reduced educational attainment, this association may be owing to common risk factors such as socioeconomic disadvantage. We tested whether alcohol, nicotine, and illicit drug use and dependence were associated with lifetime educational attainment after controlling for familial background characteristics. METHODS Data were from a 1987 questionnaire and a 1992 telephone diagnostic interview of 6,242 male twins (n = 3,121 pairs; mean age = 41.9 years in 1992) who served in the U.S. military during the Vietnam era and therefore, were eligible for educational benefits after military service. Reduced educational attainment (<16 years) was examined in twin pairs discordant for substance use history. Substance use and dependence risk factors assessed were early alcohol and cannabis use, daily nicotine use, lifetime cannabis use, and alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, and any illicit drug dependence. RESULTS Three significant differences were observed between at-risk twins and their cotwins: Compared to their low-risk cotwins, likelihood of completing <16 years of education was significantly increased for the following: (i) twins who used alcohol before age 18 (adjusted OR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.02 to 2.05), (ii) twins with a lifetime alcohol dependence diagnosis (adjusted OR = 1.76; 95% CI: 1.27 to 2.44), and (iii) twins who had used nicotine daily for 30 or more days (adjusted OR = 2.54, 95% CI: 1.55 to 4.17). However, no differences in education were observed among twin pairs discordant for cannabis initiation, early cannabis use, or cannabis, nicotine, or any illicit drug dependence. CONCLUSIONS Even in a veteran population with access to military educational benefits, early alcohol use, alcohol dependence, and daily nicotine use remained significantly associated with years of education after controlling for shared familial contributions to educational attainment. The association between other substances and educational attainment was explained by familial factors common to these substance use phenotypes and adult educational attainment.
BAGAIMANA REAKSI INVESTOR TERHADAP CORPORATE SOSIAL DISCLOSURE (CSD)? (Studi pada Perusahaan Pemenang Indonesia Most Trusted Companies Award)

Companies carrying out CSR activities can be grouped into three motives, such as: financial motive, ethical motive and altruistic motive. These three motives are the foundation of the company in planning their CSR activities each year. Each motive course has a purpose that has a good impact on the economic and social aspects of the company. A good corporate image ultimately gained public’s trust and will have a positive effect on the financial side of the company and the company's stock.This research will focus on CSR disclosure (CSD) based on company’s motive and check its effect on company's financial performance based on market measurement, seen from investor reaction proxied with stock return. This study uses 56 company annual reports from 2013 to 2016, listed in the "Indonesia Most Trusted Companies Awards" which are fully published in 2014 until 2017 by SWA Magazine.The method of statistical analysis in this study using moderated regression analysis, where independent variables of corporate social disclosure (CSD) using financial, ethical and altruistic motives. While the dependent variable in the form of Corporate Financial Performance (CFP) based on market measurements proxied through stock return.The result of the research shows that corporate social disclosure (CSD) based on financial motive gives effect to stock return, while CSD with ethic motive and altruistic motive can’t provide sufficient evidence to influence the rate of return stock. Keywords: CSD, CFP, CSR, CSR Motive
Génération de mouvements optimaux de marche pour des robots bipèdes 3D

Ce travail est dedie a la generation de mouvements optimaux de marche cycliques pour des robots bipedes anthropomorphes evoluant dans l'espace. La structure cinematique des robots consideres ne retient que les mobilites de base du systeme locomoteur humain au niveau de la chaine cinematique hanche-genou-cheville-pied. La decomposition du cycle de marche humaine, la modelisation du robot et les contraintes liees au contact piedsol sont presentes. Pour definir le modele dynamique et le modele d'impact, le formalisme de Newton-Euler est privilegie. La generation des mouvements de marche est posee sous la forme d'un probleme d'optimisation parametrique sous contraintes. La resolution de ce probleme est obtenue grâce a une technique de type Programmation Sequentielle Quadratique. Le critere optimise vise a augmenter l'autonomie energetique du robot. Le gradient du critere est calcule formellement pour ameliorer la convergence de l'optimisation. Dans une etude prealable limitee au plan sagittal, differentes allures de marche sont comparees. Elles integrent des phases de double support instantane ou de duree nie, et des phases de simple support comprenant ou non une sous-phase sous-actionnee au cours de laquelle le pied d'appui tourne autour de son arete frontale. Ces resultats sont generalises au cas d'une marche tridimensionnelle. La comparaison de deux allures qui incluent des impacts et des phases de simple appui avec et sans deroulement du pied est effectuee. On montre dans ces differentes etudes que l'introduction de la phase de deroulement du pied en simple appui permet d'obtenir des vitesses de marche plus elevees pour des consommations energetiques moindres
Interruptions and medication administration in critical care.

BACKGROUND Medication administration has inherent risks, with errors having enormous impact on the quality and efficiency of patient care, particularly in relation to experience, outcomes and safety. Nurses are pivotal to the medication administration process and therefore must demonstrate safe and reliable practice. However, interruptions can lead to mistakes and omissions. AIM To critique and synthesize the existing literature relating to the impact that interruptions have during medication administration within the paediatric critical care (PCC) setting. SEARCH STRATEGY Key terms identified from background literature were used to search three electronic databases (Medline, CINHAL and BNI). Selected sources were critically appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool. FINDINGS There is confusion within the literature concerning the definition of interruption. Moreover, an assumption that all interruptions have a negative impact on patient safety exists. The literature identifies the multi-dimensional nature of interruptions and their impact on medication administration and patient safety. The cumulative effect of interruptions depends on what type of task is being completed, when it occurs, what the interruption is and which method of handling is utilized. A conceptual schema has been developed in order to explicate the themes and concepts that emerged. CONCLUSIONS This review summarizes debates within the international arena concerning the impact of interruptions on medication administration. However, conclusions drawn appear applicable in relation to practice, education and future research to other critical care settings. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Findings show that no single strategy is likely to improve the negative effect of interruptions without focus on patient safety. Practice education to improve team building interactions is required that equips nurses with the skills in managing interruptions and delegating high priority secondary tasks.
Cell-to-Cell Contact as an Efficient Mode of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection of Diverse Human Epithelial Cells

ABSTRACT We show clear evidence for direct infection of various human epithelial cells by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in vitro. The successful infection was achieved by using recombinant EBV (Akata strain) carrying a selective marker gene but without any other artificial operations, such as introduction of the known EBV receptor (CD21) gene or addition of polymeric immunoglobulin A against viral gp350 in culture. Of 21 human epithelial cell lines examined, 18 became infected by EBV, as ascertained by the detection of EBV-determined nuclear antigen (EBNA) 1 expression in the early period after virus exposure, and the following selection culture easily yielded a number of EBV-infected clones from 15 cell lines. None of the human fibroblasts and five nonhuman-derived cell lines examined was susceptible to the infection. By comparison, cocultivation with virus producers showed ≈800-fold-higher efficiency of infection than cell-free infection did, suggesting the significance of direct cell-to-cell contact as a mode of virus spread in vivo. Most of the epithelial cell lines infectable with EBV were negative for CD21 expression at the protein and mRNA levels. The majority of EBV-infected clones established from each cell line invariably expressed EBNA1, EBV-encoded small RNAs, rightward transcripts from theBamHI-A region of the virus genome, and latent membrane protein (LMP) 2A, but not the other EBNAs or LMP1. This restricted form of latent viral gene expression, which is a central issue for understanding epithelial oncogenesis by EBV, resembled that seen in EBV-associated gastric carcinoma and LMP1-negative nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The results indicate that direct infection of epithelial cells by EBV may occur naturally in vivo, and this could be mediated by an unidentified, epithelium-specific binding receptor for EBV. The EBV convertants are viewed, at least in terms of viral gene expression, as in vitro analogs of EBV-associated epithelial tumor cells, thus facilitating analysis of an oncogenic role(s) for EBV in epithelial cells.
Some techniques of vector control systems of medium voltage three-level inverters

Some problems and their solutions of vector control systems of medium voltage three-level inverters are introduced in this paper: Inverter output voltage and current measurements, counting the influence of output filter on vector control, compensating the delay of the current differential signals in calculating motor EMF, new motor voltage model, the current precontrol and compensation method of motor parameter variation. All the solution can be used for both induction and synchronous motor control systems.
Novel surface attachment mechanism of the Streptococcus pneumoniae protein PspA

Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) of Streptococcus pneumoniae has been found to utilize a novel mechanism for anchoring to the bacterial cell surface. In contrast to that of surface proteins from other gram-positive bacteria, PspA anchoring required choline-mediated interactions between the membrane-associated lipoteichoic acid and the C-terminal repeat region of PspA. Release of PspA from the cell surface could be effected by deletion of 5 of the 10 C-terminal repeat units, by high concentrations of choline, or by growth in choline-deficient medium. Other pneumococcal proteins, including autolysin, which has a similar C-terminal repeat region, were not released by these treatments. The attachment mechanism utilized by PspA thus appears to be uniquely adapted to exploit the unusual structure of the pneumococcal cell surface. Further, it has provided the means for rapid and simple isolation of immunogenic PspA from S. pneumoniae.
Cellular mechanisms underlying the increased duodenal iron absorption in rats in response to phenylhydrazine‐induced haemolytic anaemia

Abstract. Haemolytic anaemia induced by phenylhy‐drazine (PZ) promotes iron absorption across rat small intestine. This present study investigates the role of the brush border potential difference (Vm) and mucosal reducing activity in the response. In addition, quantitative autoradiography was used to assess PZ‐induced changes in the villus localization of brush border iron uptake. Iron transfer from duodenum to blood was increased significantly 5 days after treatment with PZ. Autoradiography showed that most brush border iron uptake occurred at the upper villus region and the maximal rate was increased fourfold by PZ. Duodenal villus length was increased in PZ‐treated rats. PZ treatment did not influence mucosal reducing activity but Vm, measured using duodenal sheets, increased from ‐50 to ‐57mV {P < 0.001) and this was due to a reduced brush border sodium permeability. Thus, an expanded absorptive surface and an enhanced electrical driving force for iron uptake across the duodenal brush border are important adaptations for increased iron absorption in PZ‐induced haemolytic anaemia.
A 74.8 mW Soft-Output Detector IC for 8 $\,\times\,$8 Spatial-Multiplexing MIMO Communications

In this paper, VLSI implementation of a configurable, soft-output MIMO detector is presented. The proposed chip can support up to 8 × 8 64-QAM spatial multiplexing MIMO communications, which surpasses all reported MIMO detector ICs in antenna number and modulation order. Moreover, this chip provides configurable antenna number from 2 × 2 up to 8 × 8 and modulation order from QPSK to 64-QAM. Its outputs include bit-wise log likelihood ratios (LLRs) and a candidate list, making it compatible with powerful soft-input channel decoders and iterative decoding system. The MIMO detector adopts a novel sphere decoding algorithm with high decoding efficiency and superior error rate performance, called modified best-first with fast descent (MBF-FD). Moreover, a low-power pipelined quad-dual-heap (quad-DEAP) circuit for efficient node pool management and several circuit techniques are implemented in this chip. When this chip is configured as 4 × 4 64-QAM and 8 × 8 64-QAM soft-output MIMO detectors, it achieves average throughputs of 431.8 Mbps and 428.8 Mbps with only 58.2 mW and 74.8 mW respective power consumption and reaches 10-5 coded bit error rate (BER) at signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 24.2 dB and 22.6 dB, respectively.
Rotating Blade Trailing-Edge Noise: Experimental Validation of Analytical Model

This paper deals with the experimental validation of an analytical trailing-edge noise model dedicated to low-speed fans operating in free field. The model is intrinsically related to the aerodynamics of the blades and should lead to a useful fast-running tool to be included in a blade-design process in an industrial context. The investigations are made on a two-bladed low-speed axial fan without shroud, installed inside an anechoic room. The blades are instrumented with two sets of embedded small-size microphones (2.5 mm diam), and the wall-pressure signals are acquired via a slip ring mounted on the fan axis. The chord-based Reynolds number is about 200,000, and the tip Mach number about 0.07. The data base is completed by far-field measurements made with a single microphone on a moving support. The analytical model is based on a previously published extension of Amiet's trailing-edge noise theory. A blade is split into several strips in the spanwise direction, and the model is applied to each strip. For this the input data are interpolated from the measurements performed with the aforementioned sets of microphones. The trailing-edge noise model is more reliable for observer positions within ±30° from the fan-rotation plane.
Botulinum Toxin Type A Use in Piriformis Muscle Syndrome: A Pilot Study

Childers MK, Wilson DJ, Gnatz SM, Conway RR, Sherman AK: Botulinum toxin type A use in piriformis muscle syndrome: A pilot study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2002;81:751–759. Objective This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that intramuscular botulinum toxin type A decreases chronic pain attributed to piriformis muscle syndrome to a greater extent than a similar injection with vehicle (saline) alone. Design This double-blind, single group, crossover study was performed at an outpatient university clinic. Nine women with chronic buttock, hip, and lower limb pain without evidence of lumbar disk herniation or nerve root impingement on imaging studies participated in the study. The analgesic efficacy of a fluoroscopic/electromyographically guided unilateral intramuscular piriformis injection with 100 units botulinum toxin type A was compared with a similar injection of vehicle alone. Visual analog pain scales (VASs) were used to measure pain intensity, distress, spasm, and interference with activities. Results No differences in mean VASs were detected between groups at baseline or after injection with vehicle. However, decreases were observed between baseline and post–botulinum toxin type A injection mean VASs, but only in one of four categories (interference with activities). VASs from every time point (days) were also compared with the average baseline VASs. After injection with vehicle, decreases were detected, but only in one of the four categories (distress). In comparison, after injection with botulinum toxin type A, decreases were observed under all VAS categories. Conclusions VAS data suggest that intramuscular piriformis injection with 100 units of botulinum toxin type A can reduce pain to a greater extent than similar injections with vehicle alone.
Identifying the Neural Correlates Underlying Social Pain: Implications for Developmental Processes

Although the need for social connection is critical for early social development as well as for psychological well-being throughout the lifespan, relatively little is known about the neural processes involved in maintaining social connections. The following review summarizes what is known regarding the neural correlates underlying feeling of ‘social pain’, the painful experiences associated with social estrangement or loss, which may be critical for motivating social connection. Using this general framework, the review then specifies the ways in which neuroimaging may provide insight into the development of these neural systems in humans. To this end, the review elaborates on the specific types of questions that are best addressed using neuroimaging techniques and examines several lines of inquiry within the developmental literature that may be aided by these methods.
Changes in ghrelin and ghrelin receptor expression according to feeding status

&NA; Ghrelin, a newly identified gut hormone, has been implicated in the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis. This study was undertaken to investigate changes in expression levels of stomach ghrelin as well as of ghrelin receptor in the hypothalamus and pituitary glands according to feeding state. Stomach ghrelin mRNA levels were increased by 48 h fasting but decreased by re‐feeding. The ghrelin receptor mRNA levels of 48h fasted rats were 8 times higher in the hypothalamus and 3 times higher in the anterior pituitary gland than levels in fed rats. In summary, not only stomach ghrelin, but also hypothalamic ghrelin receptor mRNA expression, increased during a fast. Such as enhanced ghrelin receptor expression could contribute to the amplification of ghrelin action in a negative‐energy balance state.
Heat Shock Proteins and Human Disease

At first sight it appears unlikely that a phenomenon which was first observed in 1962 as the appearance of specific puffs in the salivary gland chromosomes of the larvae of the fruit fly Drosophila busckii following exposure to elevated temperature [1] should, nearly 30 years later, attract considerable attention from clinicians and scientists interested in such diverse phenomena as autoimmune diabetes and myocardial infarction [2, 3]. The aim of this review is to discuss the information which has been accumulated about the heat shock proteins in the 30 years since their discovery and to indicate how this information has led to studies on their possible role in human disease.