Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ventilation-Induced Lung Injury is Associated With an Increase in Gut Permeability

Mechanical ventilation is associated with several harmful effects mainly related to high tidal volumes (Vt). Ventilator-induced lung injury can be responsible for an increased production of inflammatory mediators. We evaluated remote consequences on the gut of lung triggered inflammatory response, neutralizing anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antibody was administered to assess the role of TNF in lung and gut permeability changes. Rats were anesthetized and ventilated for 2 h. A control group (Con: Vt = 10 mL/kg) was compared with a high Vt group (HV: Vt = 30 mL/kg). One &mgr;Ci of I125-labeled human serum albumin was injected to measure extravascular albumin space. Gut permeability was evaluated by plasma-to-lumen ratio leakage of I125 human serum albumin. Extravascular albumin space increased in the HV group from 446 ± 50 &mgr;L to 2783 ± 887 &mgr;L. Gut index of permeability increased from 5.1 ± 1.2 to 14.2 ± 4.9. Anti-TNF antibody prevented both lung and gut increase in permeability. High tidal volume ventilation resulted in an increase in lung edema and gut permeability, antagonism of TNF with neutralizing antibodies abrogated the increase in gut permeability as well as lung edema.
Trends and Future Directions in Online Marketing Research

ABSTRACT Over the last decade, the increased adoption of the Internet in public life as well as in developing businesses has led to a phenomenal rise in academic research on online marketing. This article is set to extensively review scholarly articles appearing from 2000 to 2014 on the topic from 10 top-tier academic journals to understand the research trends in the domain. A literature review has reported eight major subjective categories with an analysis of online marketing effectiveness framework. This review found three most significant subject categories: (1) online marketing issues; (2) Internet usage, perception, and attitude; and (3) online shopping and e-commerce. Additionally, some new online marketing research topics such as word-of-mouth, user-generated content, and social network are also highlighted. Finally, a selection of research topics that got the maximum attention of researchers is presented along with discussion of the future research directions in the online marketing space.
2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CDA) therapy in previously untreated patients with follicular stage III-IV non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

PURPOSE This phase II multi-institutional trial was designed to assess response and toxicity of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CDA) in patients with previously untreated follicular lymphoma. The clinical significance of detecting cells carrying the t(14;18) translocation (bcl-2/JH rearrangement) in peripheral blood and bone marrow by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) before, during and after treatment was also examined. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between May 1993 and October 1995, 37 patients were accrued: male/female: 15/22, median age 51 years (range: 20-78), stage III/IV: 9/28. Patients received a total 2-CDA dose of 0.7 mg/kg as continuous s.c. or i.v. infusions over 7 days, every 28 days for a maximum of 5 cycles. A total of 165 cycles were administered. In 25 patients, blood and bone marrow before, during and after treatment were available for PCR analysis of the bcl-2/JH rearrangements. RESULTS All 37 patients were evaluable for response and toxicity. The overall response rate was 84% (95% confidence interval, 68%-94%) with 14% CR (n = 5) and 70% PR (n = 26) and a median time to treatment failure of 15.7 months. bcl-2/JH rearrangement in peripheral blood and/or bone marrow was found in 10/25 of patients (40%) before treatment and 5 of these became repeatedly negative after 2-CDA therapy. There was no apparent association between bcl-2/ JH result and response. In 11 patients, 2-CDA was stopped because of progressive disease (n = 4), myelotoxicity (grade 2-3, n = 4), and other causes (n = 3, pulmonary embolism, metabolic disorder, and patient's decision). Four patients (11%) suffered from infections (grade 2-3). In 6 patients, persistent thrombocytopenia of 7.5 months (range: 3-21) occurred after completion of the 5 cycles. CONCLUSION 2-CDA is active in untreated follicular lymphomas, but time to treatment failure suggests no advantage compared with standard treatment and toxicity on haematopoietic stem cells appears to be more pronounced. Molecular remission is induced in a considerable proportion of patients with disappearance of the bcl-2/JH rearrangement, and its possible significance as a predictive factor for quality of response and relapse warrants further study.
An integrated two MIMO antenna system based on directive printed dipoles

In this paper, a MIMO antenna structure composed of a set of directive printed dipoles is presented. The proposed MIMO antenna system is able to cover two different frequency bands. The directive property is achieved by designing an appropriate printed reflector within the antenna structure. A prototype antenna is fabricated and tested to validate the simulated performance.
An estimate of premature cancer mortality in the U.S. due to inadequate doses of solar ultraviolet‐B radiation

There are large geographic gradients in mortality rates for a number of cancers in the U.S. (e.g., rates are approximately twice as high in the northeast compared with the southwest). Risk factors such as diet fail to explain this variation. Previous studies have demonstrated that the geographic distributions for five types of cancer are related inversely to solar radiation. The purpose of the current study was to determine how many types of cancer are affected by solar radiation and how many premature deaths from cancer occur due to insufficient ultraviolet (UV)‐B radiation.
TRPV1 antagonist, A‐889425, inhibits mechanotransmission in a subclass of rat primary afferent neurons following peripheral inflammation

TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid family type 1) is a nonselective cation channel that is activated and/or sensitized by noxious heat, protons, and other endogenous molecules released following tissue injury. In addition, a role for TRPV1 in mechanotransmission is emerging. We have recently reported that a selective TRPV1 receptor antagonist, A‐889425, reduces mechanical allodynia and spinal neuron responses to mechanical stimulation of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)‐inflamed rat hind paws. The population of peripheral nerve fibers through which TRPV1 antagonists mediate their effect on mechanotransmission have not yet been described. The objective of this study was to characterize TRPV1‐mediated modulation of mechanically evoked activity in sensory axons innervating rat hind paws. We used an in vitro skin‐nerve preparation to record neural activity from single axons isolated from rat tibial nerve. Single fibers were classified by conduction velocity, mechanical threshold, and stimulus–response relationships. We used A‐889425 to investigate uninjured and inflamed skin afferent neuron populations to evoked mechanical stimulation. Application of A‐889425 had no effect on the mechanical responsiveness of Aδ and C‐fiber units innervating uninjured skin. In contrast, A‐889425 inhibited responses of slowly conducting Aδ fiber units to noxious mechanical stimulation in a population of axons innervating CFA‐inflamed hind paws. These data support a role for TRPV1 in mechanotransmission following peripheral inflammation, and highlight the importance of a distinct subclass of primary afferent neurons in mediating this effect. Synapse, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microfluidic Eighth-Mode Substrate-Integrated-Waveguide Antenna for Compact Ethanol Chemical Sensor Application

In this communication, a microfluidic antenna is proposed for chemical sensor applications. An eighth-mode substrate-integrated-waveguide (EMSIW) antenna with a microfluidic channel is introduced in order to devise a compact and nondestructive chemical sensor. The frequency response of the proposed antenna is controlled by changing the nanoliter liquid in the microfluidic channel, which further results in a change in the effective dielectric constant. First, the EMSIW antenna is designed, and then the microfluidic channel is designed for nondestructive chemical sensor applications. The S-parameters of the proposed microfluidic EMSIW antenna are simulated and measured. The resonant frequency is successfully switched from 4.2 to 4.6 GHz when the concentration of ethanol is changed from 0% to 100%. The possibility of the proposed antenna to be used as an ethanol chemical sensor is demonstrated from the relationship between the resonant frequency and the concentration of ethanol.
Case-based learning and simulation: useful tools to enhance nurses' education? Nonrandomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE To compare skills acquired by undergraduate nursing students enrolled in a medical-surgical course. To compare skills demonstrated by students with no previous clinical practice (undergraduates) and nurses with clinical experience enrolled in continuing professional education (CPE). DESIGN In a nonrandomized clinical trial, 101 undergraduates enrolled in the "Adult Patients 1" course were assigned to the traditional lecture and discussion (n = 66) or lecture and discussion plus case-based learning (n = 35) arm of the study; 59 CPE nurses constituted a comparison group to assess the effects of previous clinical experience on learning outcomes. METHODS Scores on an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), using a human patient simulator and cases validated by the National League for Nursing, were compared for the undergraduate control and intervention groups, and for CPE nurses (Student's t test). FINDINGS Controls scored lower than the intervention group on patient assessment (6.3 ± 2.3 vs 7.5 ± 1.4, p = .04, mean difference, -1.2 [95% confidence interval (CI) -2.4 to -0.03]) but the intervention group did not differ from CPE nurses (7.5 ± 1.4 vs 8.8 ± 1.5, p = .06, mean difference, -1.3 [95% CI -2.6 to 0.04]). The CPE nurses committed more "rules-based errors" than did undergraduates, specifically patient identifications (77.2% vs 55%, p = .7) and checking allergies before administering medication (68.2% vs 60%, p = .1). CONCLUSIONS The intervention group developed better patient assessment skills than the control group. Case-based learning helps to standardize the process, which can contribute to quality and consistency in practice: It is essential to correctly identify a problem in order to treat it. Clinical experience of CPE nurses was not associated with better adherence to safety protocols. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Case-based learning improves the patient assessment skills of undergraduate nursing students, thereby preparing them for clinical practice.
Climate suitability for tourism in South Africa

ABSTRACT Tourism Climate Indices (TCIs) have been used extensively in the global North to quantify the climatic suitability of tourist destinations. TCIs have very seldom been applied in the global South. This gap in the literature is significant, due to the considerable growth that tourism sectors in the global South have experienced over recent decades. Moreover, many of these countries seldom have the infrastructure to modify indoor climates and effectively mitigate against poor weather. We present TCI results for 18 tourist destinations across South Africa. With mean annual TCI scores for the period 1995–2015 spanning 76.5 for Port Nolloth to 93 for the Pilansberg, the comparatively favourable climatic conditions in South Africa relative to much of Europe and North America is confirmed. There is distinct seasonality in TCI scores for the majority of study locations, yet the dichotomy between the South African summer and rainfall zones ensure a net balance in climatic suitability countrywide year-round. Time trends in TCI scores over recent decades indicate non-significant change for the majority of locations, and all significant trends indicate slight improvements in the climatic suitability for tourism. These results present a promising outlook of sustained climatic suitability of the region for tourism.
Hypothalamic malonyl-CoA triggers mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative gene expression in skeletal muscle: Role of PGC-1α

Previous investigations show that intracerebroventricular administration of a potent inhibitor of fatty acid synthase, C75, increases the level of its substrate, malonyl-CoA, in the hypothalamus. The “malonyl-CoA signal” is rapidly transmitted to skeletal muscle by the sympathetic nervous system, increasing fatty acid oxidation, uncoupling protein-3 (UCP3) expression, and thus, energy expenditure. Here, we show that intracerebroventricular or intraperitoneal administration of C75 increases the number of mitochondria in white and red (soleus) skeletal muscle. Consistent with signal transmission from the hypothalamus by the sympathetic nervous system, centrally administered C75 rapidly (≤2 h) up-regulated the expression (in skeletal muscle) of the β-adrenergic signaling molecules, i.e., norepinephrine, β3-adrenergic receptor, and cAMP; the transcriptional regulators peroxisomal proliferator activator regulator γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and estrogen receptor-related receptor α (ERRα); and the expression of key oxidative mitochondrial enzymes, including pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, medium-chain length fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, ubiquinone–cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome oxidase, as well as ATP synthase and UCP3. The role of PGC-1α in mediating these responses in muscle was assessed with C2C12 myocytes in cell culture. Consistent with the in vivo response, adenovirus-directed expression of PGC-1α in C2C12 muscle cells provoked the phosphorylation/inactivation and reduced expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2, causing a reduction of the malonyl-CoA concentration. These effects, coupled with an increased carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b, led to increased fatty acid oxidation. PGC-1α also increased the expression of ERRα, PPARα, and enzymes that support mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, ATP synthesis, and thermogenesis, apparently mediated by an increased expression of UCP3.
IL-10 Increases Tissue Injury After Selective Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion

Objective This study focused on the effect of immunoregulatory cytokines on tissue injury after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (IR). Furthermore, the role of nitric oxide, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the transcription factor NF−&kgr;B/Rel in the disease process was evaluated. Summary Background Data Oxidative stress and inflammatory gene products contribute to ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). However, expression of stress proteins such as the inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS-2) and HO-1 might also provide protection against IRI. Methods IR was achieved in Lewis rats by selective clamping of the superior mesenteric artery. IL-2 or IL-10 was administered intravenously before reperfusion. Animals were killed 1 hour, 4 hours, and 24 hours after reperfusion. Tissue destruction was assessed by hyaluronic acid (HA) and aminoaspartate-transaminase (AST) serum levels, whereas reduction of glutathione (GSH) tissue levels was used as a marker for oxidative stress. Furthermore, the activation of NF−&kgr;B/Rel and the expression of NOS-2 and HO-1 were analyzed. Results IR resulted in tissue destruction and significantly reduced GSH tissue levels in the intestines and liver. In addition, NF-&kgr;B/Rel activation and increased NOS-2 and HO-1 mRNA expression were detected in both organs after IR. IL-2 administration resulted in clinical improvement of the animals and was associated with increased NF-&kgr;B/Rel activation and enhanced NOS-2 and HO-1 mRNA expression. In contrast, IL-10 resulted in increased tissue destruction in both organs and sustained reduction of GSH levels in the intestines. Furthermore, IL-10 administration failed to enhance NF-&kgr;B/Rel activity, NOS-2 mRNA, or HO-1 mRNA expression after IR. Conclusion IL-10 resulted in increased tissue damage after intestinal IR. This detrimental effect of IL-10 might have been the result of reduced NOS-2 and HO-1 mRNA expression. In contrast, the beneficial effect of IL-2 might have relied on increased HO-1 expression and NOS-2 activity. These controversial effects of IL-2 and IL-10 might have been mediated through transcriptional regulation of NOS-2 and HO-1 gene expression.
A classified study on semantic analysis of video summarization

In today's world data represented in the form of a video are prolific and has increased the requisite of storage devices unconditionally. These video sets takes up a huge space for amassing data and takes a long time to ascertain the content that requires a higher cognitive process for content search and retrieval. The efficient method for storing video data is to remove high-degree redundancies and for creating an index of important events, objects and a preview video based on vital key-frames. These requirements imbibes the need to build algorithms that can concise the necessity of space and time for video and adequate approaches are to be developed to solve the needs of summarization. The three effective attributes for a semantic summarized video system are Un-supervision, efficient and dynamically scalable system that can help in reducing time and space complexities. Dimensionality reduction based on sub space analysis helps in plummeting the multidimensional data into a low-dimensional data to enable faster feature extraction and summarization. In this paper we have made a study and description related to several summarization methodologies for video's that are available.
Experimental evaluation of a sEMG-based control for elbow wearable assistive devices during load lifting tasks

In this work, a surface skin electromyography(sEMG)-based control solution for elbow wearable assistive devices during load lifting tasks is presented. The goal of the controller consists in limiting the user's muscle activity during the task execution, in such a way that the assistive device can partially compensate the load-related biceps muscle effort. Since sEMG-driven control strategies based on the estimation of the joint torques generally requires complex task- and subject-dependent training sessions for tuning the control algorithms, here a more direct control approach is proposed, based on a muscle activity error related proportional-integral action together with an double-threshold activation logic. The controller's parameters are easily set by means of a fast, online and automatic subject calibration procedure, ensuring a simple adjustability to different users. An experimental phase has been conducted in order to evaluate the sEMG-based control performance involving four healthy subjects, using as wearable assistive device a twisted string action module, which is particularly suitable for assistive applications because of its lightness and compactness. Results show that the control strategy is able to successfully limit the EMG activity of the subjects during the lifting tasks, providing preliminary outcomes and promising possibilities for the use of twisted string-based technologies to assist human joints and muscles.
Bangladeshi Student's Standpoint on Junk Food Consumption and Social Behaviour

Consumption of takeaway and fast food by young adolescents is no longer confined to the developed countries; it has spread to the developing countries as well. The culture of fast food consumption has replaced the traditional meal among university students and is a great public health concern. Excessive consumption of fast food is responsible for obesity epidemics and the cause of a dramatic increase of obesity-related diseases. A cross-sectional study was carried out from March to December, 2015 among students attending in five established Universities of Bangladesh, Dhaka University, Jahangirnagar University, American International University of Bangladesh, Gono University and Sher-e-Bangla Agriculture University. The aim of the present study was to examine the preference, prevalence and pattern of fast food consumption among the students. The prevalence of fast food consumption among those students was 98.5%, and 43.3% of their pocket money was spent on its purchase. The important factors for the preference of fast food include good taste, easy accessibility, increased convenience, and pocket friendly in nature. Approximately 22% of the respondents mentioned that they consumed fast food 4 days per week and more than one-fifth had the meal every day. Fifty four percent of the respondents skipped their breakfast due to a variety of reasons including class pressure and had fast food after finishing their classes, either from varsity canteens or other fast-food outlets. Though 98% of the students were well informed about the negative effects associated with excessive fast food consumption, they were still profoundly addicted to it. Specific health education programs, dietary guidelines and effective public awareness campaigns could be initiated to address the unhealthy lifestyle of university students and improve their health.
Dangerous Behaviour Preceding First Admissions for Schizophrenia

Of 253 patients in their first schizophrenic episode, 52 behaved in a way threatening to the lives of others before their admission to hospital. These 52 patients were studied from data collected at the time of their initial presentation. Despite a history of illness in excess of 1 year in 24 cases, and evidence that violence was motivated by psychotic symptoms in 23 cases, fewer than half of the patients were admitted to hospital as a direct result of their dangerous behaviour. Life-threatening behaviour was more common where the patient had been ill for longer, and where there were delusions of being poisoned.
Symbiosis on Campus: Collaborations of Scientists and Science Educators.

This symposium will provide insights into collaborations among scientists and science educators in a variety of contexts-large research universities, small state and private institutions, and collaborations involving both preservice and in-service programs. The session will begin with a brief framing of these collaborations as management of the ecosystem of teacher education, followed by overviews of the experiences and perspectives of the panelists. The bulk of the session will be an interactive forum for dialog about the costs and benefits of collaboration, the theoretical groundings for such collaborations and how such collaborations fit into and might influence the larger system of science education. Participants will also be invited to share their experiences in collaboration, and to collaborate further by sharing descriptions of these collaborations on the World Wide Web. A site with descriptions of involve collaborations is posted on the web at http://www.people. cornell.edu/pages/dad55/ScienceEdCollab.htm. The paper for the session is also available on the site. (Contains 52 references.) (Author) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the aisinal document. tr) Symbiosis on Campus: Collaborations of Scientists and f) IScience Educators Don Duggan-Haas, dad55comell.edu, Cornell University eH dy Moscovici, hi-noscovici@dhims01.csudh. edu, California State University Dominguez Hills Brendan McNulty, bmc(ikwo.com, California State University Dominguez Hills Penny J. Gilmer, gilmerAchemmail.chem.fsu.edu, Florida State University and Curtin University of Technology Charles J. Eick, eickcha(i4auburn.edu, Auburn University John Wilson, wilsonjohn(Djuno.com, Georgia State University