Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anti-inflammatory Activity of Decoctions of Leaves and Stems of Anisomeles indica at Preflowering and Flowering Stages

A decoction of leaves and stems of Anisomeles indica (Lamiaceae) is claimed to possess anti-inflammatory activity in Sri Lankan traditional medicine. The plants at both preflowering and flowering stages are used as an anti-inflammatory agent. However, the anti-inflammatory activity of the plant has not been scientifically evaluated thus far. The aims of this study were to evaluate scientifically the anti-inflammatory activity of decoctions of leaves and stems of A. indica at pre-flowering and flowering stages and possible toxic effects of the decoctions. Three doses of the freeze-dried decoction of a pre-flowering plant (E1) (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) and one dose of the decoction of a plant at flowering stage (E2) (500 mg/kg) were orally administered to rats. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the carrageenan-induced paw edema, formaldehyde-induced paw edema and adjuvant-induced paw edema models in rats. E1 demonstrated a significant (P < 0.01) and dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect in all three models, while E2 did not demonstrate significant anti-inflammatory activity. E1 demonstrated a significant (P < 0.01) and dose-dependent antihistamine activity and free radical scavenging activities in addition to the previously reported membrane stabilising and cyclooxygenase-I inhibitory activities. However, E1 failed to impair significantly the in vitro activity of lipoxygenase. A 30-day treatment with 500 mg/kg of E1 was not liver toxic or renotoxic, and it did not have a significant effect on body weights. It was concluded that the anti-inflammatory activity of E1 is contributed by cyclooxygenase-1 inhibition, plasma membrane stabilisation, antihistamine and free radical scavenging activities, but not by the inhibition of lipoxygenase. These observations prove scientifically the anti-inflammatory activity of A. indica, mentioned in the Sri Lankan traditional medicine, while revealing a loss of the activity after flowering.
HRM practices and innovation: an empirical systematic review

The relationship between human resource management practices (HRMP) and innovation has been described as a black box, where a lot still needs to be investigated. Thus, the aim of this paper is to investigate the nature of the link that exists between HRMP and innovation in both public and private organizations. To do so, theoretical underpinnings and existence of a mediating or a moderating mechanism is inspected. ,Based on an empirical systematic review of research conducted between 2010 and 2018, content analysis has been conducted for 31 peer-reviewed articles in the English language. ,Inspecting the nature of relations existed in the chosen articles, interesting findings are addressed relative to the nature of the human resource management systems (HRMS) used, practices encompassed and their different utility. HRMS has been shown to be associated with product innovation yet more evidence is needed for supporting process innovation. ,The HRMS/HRMP and innovation relationship is inspected, important practices that would guide managers to induce innovation are highlighted. Usage of multiple HRMS and contingency in constructing such systems is indicated. ,Contribution to comprehend the black box and areas for future research has been offered.
Observers and Predictors for Wireless Control Loops

—The present work deals with diminishing the effects of wireless communication latency in time-sensitive networks. It takes advantage of modern approaches that offer bounded latency and it focuses on methods to cope with the non-deterministic delays introduced by communication latency. An observer-predictor scheme module is designed and added in the control loop to prevent the performance degradation when a wireless network is introduced. The goal is to allow the use of same controllers used in wired networks. This module may exploit information provided by the wireless communication devices, such as expected latency, timestamp, and time synchronization along the network. The proposed module allows the controller to have a performance similar as when in a wired network. This enables wireless networked control in systems with low time constants (i.e. time-sensitive). Labexperiments are presented in real-time to illustrate the observer-predictor scheme module proposed. Finally, the conclusions and future work are presented.
Population and individual polyphagy in the grasshopper Taeniopoda eques during natural foraging

Dietary patterns of free‐foraging individuals of the polyphagous grasshopper Taeniopoda eques Burmeister (Romaleidae) were studied at three desert grassland sites in southern Arizona. At the population level this species was highly polyphagous at all sites, but showed evidence of selectivity in terms of frequency of feeding relative to frequency of contacts with resources. Most feeding bouts were very short, suggesting that most plants were relatively unpalatable. Both diet diversity and the mean length of feeding bouts varied among the study sites, primarily because highly preferred resources and plant tissues were not encountered with equal frequency at all sites. Individual insects were highly polyphagous. Dietary overlap calculations showed that insects at a given site generally consumed diets less similar than the resources they contacted. This result does not support the idea that all insects preferred the same subset of resources. Most differences in diet among individuals were probably due to environmental heterogeneity, but factors such as sequence of encounter, compensatory feeding on complementary resources, and intrinsic differences in preference may also have contributed to variation in diets.
Reactive oxygen species mediate Aβ(25-35)-induced activation of BV-2 microglia

Microglial activation induced by beta-amyloid (Aβ) is an important cellular response in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we show that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a role as signaling molecules for the activation of NF-κB and induction of IL-1β mRNA expression in Aβ(25-35)-treated murine microglia BV-2 cells. ROS scavengers such as catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetics obviously reduced activation of NF-κB and the elevated level of IL-1β transcripts induced by Aβ(25-35). In addition, the Aβ(25-35)-induced NF-κB activation and IL-1β expression were suppressed by blockers of the ROS generating enzymes such as NADPH oxidase, cyclooxygenase, and lipoxygenase. These data suggest that ROS mediate Aβ-induced microglial activation.
Mortality estimation from carcass searches using the R-package carcass — a tutorial

This article is a tutorial for the R-package carcass. It starts with a short overview of common methods used to estimate mortality based on carcass searches. Then, it guides step by step through a simple example. First, the proportion of animals that fall into the search area is estimated. Second, carcass persistence time is estimated based on experimental data. Third, searcher efficiency is estimated. Fourth, these three estimated parameters are combined to obtain the probability that an animal killed is found by an observer. Finally, this probability is used together with the observed number of carcasses found to obtain an estimate for the total number of killed animals together with a credible interval.
Long‐Term Tillage, Cover Crop, and Nitrogen Rate Effects on Cotton: Yield and Fiber Properties

Loess soils of the Midsouth USA are easily eroded, contain little organic matter, and are drought susceptible. Conservation tillage and cover crops may increase cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yields on these soils. A field study was conducted from 1995 through 2001 on Gigger silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, thermic Typic Fragiudalfs) to study effects of tillage, cover crops, and N rates on yield and fiber properties. Cotton was grown without tillage (no-till) and with surface tillage (surface till) following annual winter cover crops of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), or volunteer winter vegetation (native) and with fertilizer N rates of 0, 39, 78, 118, or 159 kg ha -1 . Tillage, cover crop, and N rate affected cotton yield. The till × N rate, till × cover crop, and cover crop x N rate interactions were significant. Yields of cotton receiving zero fertilizer N were 28 to 49% higher under surface till than under no-till. In contrast, cotton receiving optimum N produced 5 to 11% higher yields with no-till than with surface till. Following native cover, 118 kg N ha -1 optimized cotton lint yields under no-till (1249 kg ha -1 ) whereas only 78 kg N ha -1 was necessary to optimize yields under surface till (1117 kg ha -1 ). Following wheat, 118 kg N ha -1 optimized lint yields under both no-till (1246 kg ha -1 ) and surface till (1185 kg ha -1 ). Following hairy vetch, no fertilizer N was needed to optimize yields under no-till (1238 kg ha -1 ) and surface till (1160 kg ha -1 ). Tillage, cover crop, and N rate did not appreciably compromise or improve fiber quality. After 7 yr, lint yields did not decrease in systems employing no-till and cover crops, and combined with optimal fertilizer N, these conservation practices increased cotton yields.
First record of the Indian Ocean anchovy Stolephorus insularis Hardenberg, 1933 from the northeastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey

The transfer of species into the Mediterranean Sea via the Suez Canal is called Lessepsian migration (Por, 1978). Ninety substantiated Lessepsian fish records have been reported, 32 of these fishes in the Mediterranean Sea within the past decade (Golani, 2010; Bariche and Heemstra, 2012; Fricke et al., 2012; Azzurro et al., 2013; Stern and Goren, 2013). Of these, 55 are reported in Turkish waters, including the recent findings of Champsodon vorax (G€ oko glu and € Ozvarol, 2013) and the blue-barred parrotfish, Scarus ghobban (Turan et al., 2014). Stolephorus insularis is widespread throughout the northern Indian Ocean, and from the northwestern Pacific Ocean to New Caledonia in the southwestern Indian Ocean (Gulf of Thailand, Java Sea, Hong Kong, Fujian and Taiwan Island, possibly Fiji and Samoa) (Whitehead et al., 1988; Fricke et al., 2012; Froese and Pauly, 2013). According to Hoedt (1994), this species is found predominantly in shallow waters and estuaries at depths of 30–40 m. Engraulis encrasicolus is thus far the only Engraulid species recorded in the Mediterranean Sea (Quignard and Tomasini, 2000; Nelson, 2006). However, Stolephorus insularis (subfamiliy Coiliinae) was recorded on 7 August 2009 for the first time on the Tel Aviv coast of Israel, and reported by Fricke et al. (2012) who emphasized that S. insularis is an IndoPacific species; it seems logical to assume that its range extension into the Mediterranean Sea occurred via the Suez Canal. Thus, the record of S. insularis from the northeastern Mediterranean coasts of Turkey reported here is proof of its northerly range extension.
Antimicrobial activity of Enterococcus faecium against Listeria spp.

Listeria spp. have been isolated from vegetation, silage, the intestinal tracts of animals and foods such as milk and cheese. Lisleria spp. are taxonomically related to lactobacilli (Seeliger & Jones 1986) and some bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria will inhibit growth of Listeria spp. Bacteriocins such as nisin from Lactococcus lactis and pediocin A from Pediococcus pentosoreus, are active against microorganisms from several Gram‐positive genera, and will inhibit L. monocytogenes. Bacteriocins (e.g. helveticin J and lactacin F) which only inhibit strains closely related to the producing micro‐organism are not effective against L. monocytogenes
Protein–trehalose–water structures in trehalose coated carboxy-myoglobin

Some organisms can survive complete dehydration and/or high temperature in a state of suspended animation called anydrobiosis, in which all metabolic processes are “switched off” however, upon rehydration, their normal life cycle is restored, without formation of irreversible damages. A common feature of these organisms, when in anhydrobiosis, is the presence of large amounts of sugar, particularly trehalose, which has been found to protect most effectively biomaterials. Several studies have attempted to understand how trehalose interacts with biomolecules. To address this problem, we performed molecular dynamics simulations of carboxy-myoglobin embedded in a trehalose aqueous solution and in a trehalose–water plasticized amorphous matrix. The results show that, in an aqueous solution, trehalose is excluded from the protein domain. This behavior extends also to the trehalose–water plasticized amorphous matrix, where we find sugar–water–protein structures with more water molecules that those derived from s.
Nurses’ Experiences of Process-Oriented Supervision—Acquiring New Approaches to Demanding Situations

Background: Providing nursing care for patients and relatives requires a great effort from a nurse. It is therefore important for the nurse to have the opportunity to reflect on the caring acts included in process-oriented nursing supervision (PRONS). The overall objective of the nursing supervision is to support the professional development identity, competences, skills and ethics in different situations in nursing care. Aim: To investigate nurses’ experiences of the model of purging, playing and learning (PPL) according to Eriksson theory in a (PRONS) related to strengthen safe care, quality and professional development. Method: A qualitative study with individual interviews and the data was analyzed using qualitative interpretive content analysis. Participants: All eleven registered participated nurses were from southwestern Sweden and worked in different hospital units. Ethical Considerations: The study carried out in accordance with the ethical guidelines laid down in the Helsinki Declaration and according to the recommendations of the regional ethics committee. Findings: Three categories were identified, valuable purging in the process, responsive playing and awareness of learning. The study found that by participating in PRONS the nurses had developed new approaches with different “tools” when difficult situations occurred in daily nursing practice. Conclusion: PRONS with the model PPL has an important role to support nurses in daily nursing practice. The study highlights that there are residual successful effects after PRONS for the nurses in managing care situations that experienced strengthen quality in care and professional development.
Ontogenesis of cytological structures around the yolk sac during embryologic and early larval development of some cichlid fishes

Ontogenesis of cell structures around the yolk sac was followed in three species of cichlids, the bottomspawner, Tilapia zillii, and two mouthbrooders, the parental Sarotherodon galilaeus and the maternal Pseudotropheus johanni. A description is given of the initial stages of embryogenesis and developments observed in the nucleoli released towards fertilization from the egg germinal vesicle into the yolk, and their participation in enzymatic food metabolism. Attention was focused on the development and involution of a special microvillar network that evolves from the perivitelline syncytium towards the overgrowing yolk sac blood net. In T. zillii this commences 16–18h after fertilization; in S. galilaeus 30–32 h after fertilization; and in P. johanni, with larger eggs and slower development, it commences 38–40 h after fertilization. The extending microvilli establish close contact with the yolk sac blood capillaries thus enabling food transport from the yolk to the developing embryo. Involution of the microvillar layer begins in free-swimming larvae, dispersing in bottomspawners at age 6–7 days, and in mouthbrooders at 14–16 days.
Prevalence of Stress and Coping Behaviors among Medical Students at University of AL-Qadisiyah

Background: Studying medicine, particularly, creates considerable deal of stress. Therefore, the aim of current study was to evaluate prevalence of stress and coping behaviors among medical students. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based study conducted at AL-Qadisiyah Medical School from October to December 2018. The target population was 4th- and 5th-years medical students. Data were collected using Arabic versions of three self-reported questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Results: Participation rate was 70% and participants aged 19 to 26 years. Also, the most common stressors were “academic-related stressors” and the most frequently used coping behvior was “problem-solving behavior”. Conclusion: The academic and clinical settings at AL-Qadisiyah Medical School were percieved stressful.
Cybrids in genetics and breeding

In most higher plants, biparental transmission of organelle genomes can be achieved only through protoplast fusion. In such experimental systems the fates of these genomes in resulting regenerated plants are strikingly different. Chloroplast genomes segregate more or less rapidly during divisions of hybrid-derived cells, allowing the rapid and permanent exchange of chloroplasts between two cytoplasms and consequently between varieties or species. In contrast, mitochondrial genomes are generally involved in recombinations leading to new genomes. This phenomenon, in particular, is exploited to analyse cytoplasmic male sterility. In plant breeding, “genetic laws” concerning cybrids can be exploited in: (1) the transfer of chloroplastic traits such as herbicide resistance or better photosynthetic yield; and (2) the creation of new kinds of cytoplasmic male sterility or eventually the improvement of the cytoplasmically male sterile restoration system. Experiments with the genera Nicotiana and Brassica are described to illustrate these possibilities.
Comparison of Nurse Teachers and General Teachers and Nurses Happy Planet Index

Background/Objectives: He purpose of this study is to suggest alternatives for being happier by measuring teachers and nurses’ happy planet index among women who enter professions and by grasping factors that have impacts on clinical nurses’ happiness.Method/Statistical Analysis: This study conducted a survey of a total of 727 teachers and looked into surveys that have 19 questions on the happy planet index and 7 questions on general characteristics. SPSS WIN 23.0 was used as the data analysis method and multivariate analysis of variance(MANOVA) was used to analyze differences in the happy planet index among groups and multiple regression analysis was used to analyze factors that had impacts on the happy planet index.Findings: The results of this study showed that correlation among the happy planet index and the housing possession and monthly income and working experience was statistically significant and that factors that had impacts on the happy planet index were age and marriage and religion and educational background.Improvements/Applications: As for the study results, it is reckoned that potential developments and motivation programs that improve self-respect and self-consciousness and that can contribute to organizations should be developed for improvements in the happy planet index of clinical nurses who have very little work experience.
Optimizing thermal imaging as a technique for detecting stomatal closure induced by drought stress under greenhouse conditions

Temperature of leaves or canopies can be used as an indicator of stomatal aperture, which is considered a sensitive response to soil water deficit. In this paper we analyse the robustness and sensitivity of thermal imaging for detecting changes in stomatal conductance and leaf water status in a range of plant species. Thermal imaging successfully distinguished between irrigated and non-irrigated plants of a variety of species under greenhouse or controlled chamber conditions, with strong correlations between thermal indices and stomatal conductance measured by porometry. Our results also highlighted issues that need to be addressed in order to be confident of always detecting drought stress using this technique. These include variability in leaf angles and the limited reliability of ‘wet’ and ‘dry’ leaves to represent leaves with stomata fully open or stomata fully closed. These results should assist the design of protocols for application in crop production or ecosystem monitoring.
The Ice Age and Mammal Speciation in North America

On the basis of studies of botanists and his own on arctic birds, the author suggests a number of refugia where, during glaciation, speciation of mammals took place in geographic isolation. These refugia are reconstructed on the basis of closely related mammalian species, including the most complex case, that of the caribou forms.
The Prevalence of Parasitic Infection in Domestic Chicken: A Review

The relative contribution of poultry to total animal protein production in the world is increasing, the major increase in developing countries. Many types and species of ectoparasites and Endoparasites are known to infect chickens; one of the actual problems that cause economic bias in animal farms and rural areas that raise chickens annually is parasitic diseases. The common parasitic infections that occur in poultry can divided to External parasites include arthropods Lice ,Mites, Fleas and Ticks which isolated from skin and feathers Internal parasites include protozoa ,cestodes, nematodes, trematodes which isolated from digestive tract, blood and Pooled poultry droppings. The external and internal parasites that infected hosts possess features such as small size, cylindrical body, hook and hard body, enhance their adaptation to the long life and effect on the poultry industry by affecting the growth rate of chickens, leading to little eggs production, and death in severe infections. Prevalence of helminthic infection (cestodes and nematodes infect by digestive tract) was highly in farms and rural areas chickens from the different studies in different sites in the world, followed by protozoa infection by blood, followed by arthropodic infection by skin and feathers and followed by prevalence by trematodes
Scent‐deposition Behaviour in Alpine Marmots (Marmota marmota L.): its Role in Territorial Defence and Social Communication

Scent-deposition was investigated in Marmota marmota L. at Gran Paradiso National Park. 448 h of focal and scan sampling were performed on 22 marmots in four subsequent years. Results show that: (1) 97.4 % of the scent-deposition is done within 25 m of the edge of the territories or of the main burrows (X2 = 100.4, df 9, p < 0.001); (2) being a reproducing adult is the most prominent factor in scent-deposition (X2 = 32.4, df = 18, p < 0.002). The role of factors affecting scent-deposition in territorial defence and social communication is discussed.
Discovery of γ-Lactam Hydroxamic Acids as Selective Inhibitors of Tumor Necrosis Factor α Converting Enzyme: Design, Synthesis, and Structure−Activity Relationships

New γ-lactam TACE inhibitors were designed from known MMP inhibitors. A homology model of TACE was built and examined to identify the S1‘ site as the key area for TACE selectivity over MMPs. Rational exploration of the P1‘−S1‘ interactions resulted in the discovery of the 3,5-disubstituted benzyl ether as a TACE-selective P1‘ group. Further optimization led to the discovery of IK682 as a selective and orally bioavailable TACE inhibitor.