Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Oceanic Warm Cloud Layers within Multilevel Cloud Systems Derived by Satellite Measurements

Low-level warm clouds are a major component in multilayered cloud systems and they are generally hidden from the top-down view of satellites with passive measurements. This study conducts an investigation on oceanic warm clouds embedded in multilayered structures by using spaceborne radar data with fine vertical resolution. The occurrences of warm cloud overlapping and the geometric features of several kinds of warm cloud layers are examined. It is found that there are three main types of cloud systems that involve warm cloud layers, including warm single layer clouds, cold-warm double layer clouds, and warm-warm double layer clouds. The two types of double layer clouds account for 23% and in the double layer occurrences warm-warm double layer subsets contribute about 13%. The global distribution patterns of these three types differ from each other. Single-layer warm clouds and the lower warm clouds in the cold-warm double layer system they have nearly identical geometric parameters, while the upper and lower layer warm clouds in the warm-warm double layer system are distinct from the previous two forms of warm cloud layers. In contrast to the independence of the two cloud layers in cold-warm double layer system, the two kinds of warm cloud layers in the warm-warm double layer system may be coupled. The distance between the two layers in the warm-warm double layer system is weakly dependent on cloud thickness. Given the upper and lower cloud layer with moderate thickness of around 1 km, the cloudless gap reaches its maximum when exceeding 600 m. The cloudless gap decreases in thickness as the two cloud layers become even thinner or thicker.
A Hybrid Inversion Scheme Combining Markov Chain Monte Carlo and Iterative Methods for Determining Optical Properties of Random Media

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) including diffuse optical tomography is an imaging modality which makes use of diffuse light propagation in random media. When optical properties of a random medium are investigated from boundary measurements of reflected or transmitted light, iterative inversion schemes such as the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm are known to fail when initial guesses are not close enough to the true value of the coefficient to be reconstructed. In this paper, we investigate how this weakness of iterative schemes is overcome using Markov chain Monte Carlo. Using time-resolved measurements performed against a polyurethane-based phantom, we present a case that the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm fails to work but the proposed hybrid method works well. Then, with a toy model of diffuse optical tomography we illustrate that the Levenberg–Marquardt method fails when it is trapped by a local minimum but the hybrid method can escape from local minima by using the Metropolis–Hastings Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm until it reaches the valley of the global minimum. The proposed hybrid scheme can be applied to different inverse problems in NIRS which are solved iteratively. We find that for both numerical and phantom experiments, optical properties such as the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients can be retrieved without being trapped by a local minimum when Monte Carlo simulation is run only about 100 steps before switching to an iterative method. The hybrid method is compared with simulated annealing. Although the Metropolis–Hastings MCMC arrives at the steady state at about 10,000 Monte Carlo steps, in the hybrid method the Monte Carlo simulation can be stopped way before the burn-in time.
Relación entre la estabilidad dinámica unipodal y lesiones en miembros inferiores en cadetes de la Escuela Militar “General José María Córdoba” - Colombia

Proposito: Determinar el riesgo de lesiones en el tren inferior en el personal militar colombiano mediante el analisis de la estabilidad dinamica Metodos: estudio transversal en una cohorte de 124 cadetes. De los participantes en el estudio 87 (70.2%) eran hombres y 37 mujeres (29.8%), con un peso promedio de 62 ± 9.2 kg, edad 18 ± 1 anos, altura de 1.70 ± 0, 08 metros, que fue admitido en la escuela militar en 2017. La medicion de la estabilidad dinamica unipodal se realizo utilizando una plataforma de fuerza uniaxial. Las variables se midieron como un porcentaje de asimetria del tiempo de estabilizacion dinamica (26,24 ± 18,86%) y porcentaje de asimetria del pico de fuerza en el aterrizaje (28,59 ± 17,62%). Resultados: Del total de sujetos, 41 presentaron lesiones en las extremidades inferiores durante el seguimiento, lo que corresponde al 33,1%. El modelo de regresion logistica desarrollado para determinar los factores de riesgo asociados con lesiones en las extremidades inferiores, presento una significacion del modelo de P = 0.017, con una probabilidad de exito del 70%. Las variables: genero (OR 3.928, IC 95% 1.50-10,250), el porcentaje de asimetria de la fuerza maxima (OR 1.024, IC 95% 1,00 - 1.041) y la fuerza de aterrizaje maxima derecha (OR 1.00 IC 95% 1,002 -1,005 son los que mejor predicen el modelo. Conclusiones: Hubo un pequeno aumento en el riesgo asociado con una mayor fuerza de aterrizaje en el lado derecho mas alto y una pequena asociacion protectora con una mayor fuerza de aterrizaje en el lado izquierdo. Es prematuro concluir si esta prueba es una herramienta valida para la deteccion de riesgos.
Gaze estimation using a head-mounted single full-view camera

Abstract. We present a gaze estimation method for a head-mounted full-view egocentric camera that can capture egocentric video together with users’ gaze cues. While the conventional gaze recording device has two cameras, an eye camera and a scene camera, the proposed gaze recording device has only a single spherical camera with a full field of view. To determine the point of gaze on full-view images, we present an eye-model-based gaze estimation method by means of three-dimensional iris projection. First, an eye model is built according to the precalibration process of an eyeball center and the eyeball biological parameters; then, we express the 3D iris contour in the eye model and project it back to the spherical camera model. Since 2D iris contours can be detected directly on images and can also be expressed under the spherical model, the relationship between the 3D iris contour and the 2D iris contour can be found. By solving this problem, the gaze direction under the camera model is determined; subsequently, the point of gaze on the images can be inferred. Since in the proposed method, a single spherical camera can play the role of the conventional two cameras, not only do the proposed method results have a simpler system structure but also the cumbersome operation of the calibration for the conventional two-camera gaze measurement devices becomes unnecessary. The effectiveness of the proposed method is shown by the experimental results.
Adaptive Morphological Operation for High-Performance Weather Image Processing

Morphological operations have been an integral part of enhancement of digital imaging programs, especially for filtering noise for improving the quality of image by utilizing the two most basic morphological operations, named as erosion and dilation, altogether. The main role of dilation is to fill the defined region in an image with pixels, while erosion removes pixels from the region. As we know, the method of erosion followed by dilation or dilation followed by erosion is indeed an attractive approach amongst researchers to deal with filtering noise problems. However, this approach needs more computation time and has a high percentage of losing essential pixel area. To cover these issues, this paper introduces a new approach called adaptive morphological operation to boost the performance of image enhancement. Based on 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2016 weather image datasets collected from WITH radar, which is installed on the rooftop of Information Engineering building, University of the Ryukyus, the experimental results confirm that the proposed approach is more efficient than the conventional approach.
Análisis numérico del comportamiento termo-hidráulico de los aceites dieléctricos alternativos en devanados tipo disco de transformadores de potencia

El empleo de fluidos dielectricos alternativos, tales como esteres naturales, en el sistema de aislamiento de los transformadores de potencia es una tendencia creciente. Estos fluidos ofrecen ciertas ventajas frente al aceite mineral, tales como un mayor punto de ignicion, mayor rigidez dielectrica o mayor biodegradabilidad. Sin embargo, su mayor viscosidad hace que su comportamiento como refrigerante sea una incognita. En esta tesis se procede a realizar modelos que traten de predecir el comportamiento termico de los devanados de transformadores de potencia cuando se consideran esteres como fluidos dielectricos, resaltado las diferencia respecto a los producidos por el aceite mineral. Por este motivos se han desarrollado dos herramientas diferentes que permiten realizar el analisis termico del devanado de un transformador de potencia cuando se considera esta clase de fluidos como parte del sistema de aislamiento del transformador.
Estimadores de volatilidades para modelos de valor em risco de ativos lineares e não-lineares: investigação para períodos de crises e estáveis no mercado brasileiro

O calculo parametrico do Valor em Risco (VaR) utiliza como um dos seus parâmetros a volatilidade do ativo-objeto. Este trabalho procura determinar o melhor estimador para esse parâmetro, fazendo uma comparacao entre os metodos historico com janela de tempo fixa, historico com alisamento exponencial (EWMA) e a volatilidade implicita das opcoes, para carteiras formadas somente por ativos lineares e carteiras formadas somente por ativos nao-lineares. A metodologia e testada na analise de risco de acoes e opcoes de compra da Telebras, para o periodo das crises da Russia e cambial brasileira, e para o periodo de maior estabilidade subsequente. Os resultados indicam que para o caso de acoes da Telebras, as volatilidades historica e EWMA apresentam resultados superiores. Para o caso das opcoes, a volatilidade implicita apresenta melhores resultados agregados, porem quando as mesmas sao agrupadas segundo a “proximidade do dinheiro”, as volatilidades historica e EWMA mostram desempenho superior. Os modelos VaR para todos os estimadores apresentam desempenho superior em periodos de estabilidade, em comparacao aos periodos de crise analisados.
A Proposal for an Optical MEMS Accelerometer With High Sensitivity Based on Wavelength Modulation System

In our work, an optical MEMS accelerometer based on wavelength modulation is proposed, using a double nanoscale distributed Bragg reflector (nano-DBR) structure. In view of its specific structure, this proposed accelerometer consists of a mechanical structure and an optical system, which have been studied by finite element analysis (FEA) and rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) respectively. By comparing the proposed accelerometer with other previously reported works, this accelerometer has high performance in terms of sensitivity, resolution and good linearity in the whole modulation range. The effective simulation results have demonstrated as follows: a resonance frequency of 562.85 Hz, a wavelength modulation range of 1.1 to 2.63 μm, a measurement range of ±1.56 g, a mechanical sensitivity of 781.64 nm/g, an optical system sensitivity of 1.23, an accelerometer sensitivity of 964.35 nm/g, a resolution of 1.037 μg, and low cross-sensitivity. According to such functional characters, the proposed accelerometer can be used for improvements in MEMS inertial navigation devices.
Optimal Attitude Control of a Tethered System for Noncoplanar Orbital Transfer Under a Constant Thrust

The problem of an optimal attitude control is studied for a tethered system under a constant thrust in noncoplanar orbital transfer. The contributions of this article mainly include two aspects: first, a noncoplanar orbital transfer scheme and second, a closed-loop optimal control method. Based on a constant thrust, a noncoplanar orbital transfer scheme between two sun-synchronous orbits is proposed, enabling convenient engineering implementation. Compared with existing closed-loop control methods, the hierarchical finite-time attitude tracking control method is presented in the last cycle of the closed-loop optimal control to reduce the error at the final moment. A numerical case of a tethered system in noncoplanar orbital transfer is studied to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Effect of center voltage vectors (CVVs) of three-level space plane on the performance of dual inverter fed open end winding induction motor drive

Dual inverter fed open end winding induction motor (IM) drive offers many advantages over other multilevel inverter fed IM drives. Pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques are employed for the control of output voltage and frequency. Space vector base PWM techniques are popular among all the PWM techniques. A simplified space vector PWM method with simple and small look-up table approach is presented for dual inverter configuration. Moreover the proposed space vector based PWM technique provides freedom in selecting the center voltage vector (CVV) by which different PWM techniques will be derived. The implementation of all these PWM techniques is generalized by using a constant a o . The derived PWM techniques show superior performance in reducing the zero sequence voltage (ZSV) by maintaining the same quality of output voltage. The performance of all these PWM techniques are evaluated theoretically and verified in real time through dSPACE 1104 control board.
Young adults' reactions to the death of a parent.

: Reactions to the death of a parent were explored in a sample of 19 adults, who were 20-39 years at the time of their parents' deaths. The majority of the young adults' parents died of cancer or heart disease in a hospital setting. Young adults' grief was often profound and accompanied by varying degrees of somatic and psychological disruption. The adults expressed a need for support and recognition of the fact that their loss was significant. Dealing with personal grief frequently was complicated by the restructuring of relationships within the family of origin. The young adults experiencing the death of a parent reported expanded perceptions of life, altered sensitivity to the passage of time, and increased importance of family ties. Nurses can assist young adults at the time of a parent's death by providing anticipatory guidance and interpersonal support.
Source separation and localisation via tensor decomposition for distributed arrays

This study focuses on the problem of power spectra separation and localisation of multiple sources using distributed arrays. First, the array structure and signal model are discussed. By cross-correlating the multi-channel received signals in time-domain, a third tensor is constructed. Then, utilising the multi-dimensional characteristic, the tensor is decomposed to separate the array manifold matrix and the power spectra matrix through alternating least square (ALS) method. Finally, the sources are located using the relative x-y plane relationship between the distributed arrays and the direction of arrival (DOA), which can be estimated by spectrum analysis of each column of the array manifold matrix. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method is demonstrated by simulation results.
A Ferroelastic Film at the Edge of Chaos

F erroelastic materials are perhaps best known for their shape memory effect in which they return to their original shape after being molded. The signature of a ferroelastic material is that its crystal structure will distort when the material is stretched or changed in temperature by a sufficient amount. This structural transition often leads to the formation of “twins”—regions where the structure is deformed (strained) by the same amount but in different orientations. Now, an intriguing similarity between the behavior of twin patterns and systems that are nearing a chaotic regime has been found by Arnoud Everhardt and Silvia Damerio of the University of Groningen, Netherlands, and collaborators [1]. The team imaged a twin pattern in a ferroelastic film and observed that the pattern’s periodicity doubled repeatedly as the film was warmed to progressively
Eliciting and Aggregating Information: An Information Theoretic Approach

Crowdsourcing—outsourcing tasks to a crowd of workers (e.g. Amazon Mechanical Turk, peer grading for massive open online courseware (MOOCs), scholarly peer review, and Yahoo answers)—is a fast, cheap, and effective method for performing simple tasks even at large scales. Two central problems in this area are: (1) Information Elicitation how to design reward systems that incentivize high quality feedback from agents; and (2) Information Aggregation how to aggregate the collected feedback to obtain a high quality forecast. This thesis shows that the combination of game theory, information theory, and learning theory can bring a unified framework to both of the central problems in crowdsourcing area. This thesis builds a natural connection between information elicitation and information aggregation, distills the essence of eliciting and aggregating information to the design of proper information measurements and applies the information measurements to both the central problems: In the setting where information cannot be verified, this thesis proposes a simple yet powerful information theoretical framework, the Mutual Information Paradigm (MIP), for information elicitation mechanisms. The framework pays every agent a measure of mutual information between her signal and a peer’s signal. The mutual information measurement is required to have the key property that any “data processing” on the two random variables will decrease the mutual information between
JINGLE V: Dust properties of nearby galaxies derived from hierarchical Bayesian SED fitting

We study the dust properties of 192 nearby galaxies from the JINGLE survey using photometric data in the 22-850$\mu$m range. We derive the total dust mass, temperature T and emissivity index β of the galaxies through the fitting of their spectral energy distribution (SED) using a single modified black-body model (SMBB). We apply a hierarchical Bayesian approach that reduces the known degeneracy between T and β. Applying the hierarchical approach, the strength of the T-β anti-correlation is reduced from a Pearson correlation coefficient R = −0.79 to R = −0.52. For the JINGLE galaxies we measure dust temperatures in the range 17 − 30 K and dust emissivity indices β in the range 0.6 − 2.2. We compare the SMBB model with the broken emissivity modified black-body (BMBB) and the two modified black-bodies (TMBB) models. The results derived with the SMBB and TMBB are in good agreement, thus applying the SMBB, which comes with fewer free parameters, does not penalize the measurement of the cold dust properties in the JINGLE sample. We investigate the relation between T and β and other global galaxy properties in the JINGLE and Herschel Reference Survey (HRS) sample. We find that β correlates with the stellar mass surface density (R = 0.62) and anti-correlates with the HI mass fraction (MHI/M*, R = −0.65), whereas the dust temperature correlates strongly with the SFR normalized by the dust mass (R = 0.73). These relations can be used to estimate T and β in galaxies with insufficient photometric data available to measure them directly through SED fitting.
Contributions to variable selection, clustering and statistical estimation inhigh dimension

This PhD thesis deals with the following statistical problems: Variable selection in high-Dimensional Linear Regression, Clustering in the Gaussian Mixture Model, Some effects of adaptivity under sparsity and Simulation of Gaussian processes.Under the sparsity assumption, variable selection corresponds to recovering the "small" set of significant variables. We study non-asymptotic properties of this problem in the high-dimensional linear regression. Moreover, we recover optimal necessary and sufficient conditions for variable selection in this model. We also study some effects of adaptation under sparsity. Namely, in the sparse vector model, we investigate, the changes in the estimation rates of some of the model parameters when the noise level or its nominal law are unknown.Clustering is a non-supervised machine learning task aiming to group observations that are close to each other in some sense. We study the problem of community detection in the Gaussian Mixture Model with two components, and characterize precisely the sharp separation between clusters in order to recover exactly the clusters. We also provide a fast polynomial time procedure achieving optimal recovery.Gaussian processes are extremely useful in practice, when it comes to model price fluctuations for instance. Nevertheless, their simulation is not easy in general. We propose and study a new rate-optimal series expansion to simulate a large class of Gaussian processes.
Area under the curve-derived measures characterizing longitudinal patient responses for given thresholds

Background: Calculation of the area under the curve (AUC) is a widely used practice in longitudinal study settings. The AUC values should reflect study participants’ particular trajectories by means of a continuous measure which can be further analysed with ordinary statistical methods. However, its sheer calculation does not necessarily mirror exactly the piece of information one is seeking for. Methods: Available formulas for the calculation of the AUC as well as their specific advantages and limitations are presented. Furthermore, some approaches are discussed to develop AUC-derived measures for the application in particular analysis situations, especially capturing the extent of undercutting or exceeding a given threshold. Results: The presented formulas provide an extension of the well-established AUC formulas for respective situations where threshold-dependent subareas of the entire AUC are of interest. To our knowledge, the proposed formulas have been introduced for the first time. Their application to real-world data sets demonstrated the ability to flexibly calculate AUCs of specific interest. Conclusions: The extended AUC formulas presented in this paper may help to answer research questions more properly in situations where particular thresholds have to be considered in the course of the analysis. Future developments may address the problem of missing values as well as the current limitation of a fixed threshold.
Inactivity, nutritional and lifestyle habits: a cross-sectional study in Czech schoolchildren and their nuclear families.

The aim of this study was to investigate inactivity, nutritional and lifestyle patterns in schoolchildren and their parents. Six hundred and ten members (156 mothers, 140 fathers, 156 daughters and 158 sons) of 175 nuclear families, with an average size of 3.49 members, completed a validated and reliable 16-item questionnaire of physical activity. Inactivity was found to be closely related to nutrition and selected lifestyle habits in children and their parents. A practical implication of these findings indicated that a proper physical activity intervention should consider a change in all of the nutritional and lifestyle parameters in order to be beneficial for health. Therefore, attention should be paid not only to the increase physical activity through an organized exercise plan, but also to the improvement in lifestyle habits, like optimal sleeping, consuming fruit, vegetables and breakfast every day, employing the stairs instead of the elevator, and avoiding watching TV.