Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Summary of Single Disease Paying and DRGs Prepay Model

At present,some hospitals in China are making experiments of single disease paying and gaining some achievements,however,there are several disadvantages which should be speculated. Making use of the DRGs prepay model in foreign countries,making a link with the current situation of China and pursuing the transition of single disease paying to DRGs prepay model gradually,all of which may be an efficient way to slove the problem of"too costly to see a doctor".
The effects of a novel pilates exercise prescription method on people with non-specific unilateral musculoskeletal pain: a randomised pilot trial

Background: Pain alters the neuromuscular activation and results in altered movement adaptations. A new exercise prescription method proposes that we can restore the neuromuscular control by rehabilitating the deficient neural drive through Pilates exercises. This is done by identifying the postural control deficits using single-leg tests such as hopping, half squats and heel raises. The aim of this study was to find out if this method of prescribing exercises results in clinically relevant outcomes. Methods: Fifteen patients with chronic non-specific low back pain with unilateral musculoskeletal pain were recruited. Following consent, all patients were randomly assigned either to perform gym or Pilates-based individualised exercises once weekly for six weeks. The primary outcome was to measure the pain intensity using a 0–10 numerical rating scale. The secondary outcome measures were: the global perceived effect scale (GPE; 0–10), the patient-specific functional scale (PSFS; the patient-generated measure of disability) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC; the condition-specific measure of disability). Results: There were statistically significant differences noted after intervention within the control group in the numerical rating scale (P=0.041), GPE (P=0.024), PSFS (P=0.039) and within the experimental group in the WOMAC (P=0.008), GPE (P=0.007) and PSFS (P=0.007). However, as there were clinically significant baseline differences, the within-group difference could be due to regression to the mean. There were no statistically significant results between the two groups after intervention. Conclusion: This new prescription method for Pilates-based exercises may improve disability and global perception of recovery. However, the outcomes are not different from a regular gym-based exercise programme.
Better alone than in bad company

Abstract Using artificial emotions helps in making human-robot interaction more personalised, natural, and so more likeable. In the case of humanoid robots with constrained facial expression, the literature concentrates on the expression of emotions by using other nonverbal interaction channels. When using multi-modal communication, indeed, it is important to understand the effect of the combination of such non-verbal cues, while the majority of the works addressed only the role of single channels in the human recognition performance. Here, we present an attempt to analyse the effect of the combination of different animations expressing the same emotion or different ones. Results show that when an emotion is successfully expressed using a single channel, the combination of this channel with other animations, that may have lower recognition rates, appears to be less communicative.
Analysis of the risk factors in early rebleeding after endoscopic variceal ligation

Objective To summarize the early rebleeding rate after Endoscopic variceal ligation （EVL） as well as to analyze the risk factors. Methods The records of patients treated with EVL due to cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma in the endoscopy center were surveyed. Totally 593 procedures of EVL had been performed in the period between 1992 and 2002. In order to discover independent risk factors, a lot of items were analyzed, including gender, age, coexistent diseases, types of cirrhosis, existence of hepatocellular carcinoma, the history of ligation or shunt operation and/or splenectomy, clinical presentation before and after admission, serum examination and radiology results, endoscopy discription, histologic findings and phamarcotherapy. Results Varices number, serum glucose and α-fetoprotein levels and prothrombin time were independent risk factors of early rebleeding after EVL, P values were 0. 015, 0. 026, 0. 026 and 0. 014 respectively. With increase of the number of varices （4 or more）, serum glucose （ higher than 7.0 mmol/L） and α-fetoprotein levels （ higher than the cut-off value） as well as decrease of prothrombin time activity （ lower than 50% ）, the possibility of early rebleeding after EVL increased, with the OR values of 3. 120, 4. 800, 0. 283, 4. 328, and the 95% CI of 1. 324-7. 335, 1. 662-8. 775, 0. 103-0. 708, 1. 349-13. 883 respectively. Conclusion The early rebleeding rate after EVL is effected by the abnormalities in varices number, serum glucose and α-fetoprotein levels and prothrombin time, effective measures for prevention and treatment should be adopted before EVL. Key words: Esophageal varices; Endoscopic variceal ligation; Bleeding ; Risk factors
COMPARISON OF MOTIVATING ENVIRONMENTS FOR PROCRAMMER/ANALYSTS AND PROGRAMMERS IN THE US., ISRAEL, AND SINGAPORE

A comparison was made on perceptions on 26 factors relating to motivation, satisfaction, and goal setting/ feedback for programmer/analysts and programmers in the U.S., Israel, and Singapore. Surveys of over 550 Israelis and 1,100 Singaporeans were compared to a US. data base on more than 8,000 computer personnel. The Job Diagnostic Survey for D ata Processing (JDS/DP) instrument was used to collect all data. The survey results indicated a mismatch in individual growth need and the job's motivating potential for programmers in Israel and Singapore. A mismatch also exists for Singaporean programmer/analysts. A procedure for improvement is discussed.
Chinese Parents’ Understanding of Autism Spectrum Disorder

ABSTRACT This study investigated family perceptions of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in China. A survey with open-ended questions assessing knowledge of ASD and its causes was distributed via nine ASD organisations across five different cities in Southern China. Results were analysed from a total of 104 Chinese caregivers who reported on their children or grandchildren with an ASD diagnosis. The results suggested that a large proportion of these families had limited understanding of ASD. A number of misconceptions were also evident within the sample. A tendency to blame themselves for their child’s condition may have been further exacerbated by cultural expectations of the parental role. The implications of these findings in addressing misconceptions about ASD in China are discussed.
Ernährung und Mayr-Therapie beim Reizdarmsyndrom

Many people suffer from intestinal complaints, and among these complaints, the irritable bowel syndrome is most often diagnosed. Although this disease can be relatively well diagnosed today due to international consensus, the cause for it is still considered to be unknown. As a result of the individual differences and therapeutic attempts, which are often frustrating, many patients are left alone with their complaints. There are however many naturopathic treatments, especially dietary advice, which can be very helpful and which not only pay attention to the choice of food, but also to the eating habits.
Perceptions and practice of tobacco use among adolescents of Mangalore city

Background: Adolescence is a period, wherein teenagers try various mannerisms to acquire what best suits them. The Global Adult Tobacco Survey, India (2009–2010), reported that among the minors (15–17 years), 9.6% consumed tobacco in some form which cannot be ignored. Thus, there is an utmost need to protect the future generation from the gripping hands of tobacco and plan effective strategies to reduce its intake. Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the perceptions and practice of tobacco use among the adolescent students of Mangalore city. Materials and Methods: A structured, close-ended questionnaire study was designed, and data on tobacco usage were collected from 407 students aged 15–17 years, studying in various preuniversity colleges of Mangalore city, who had enrolled in Tobacco Free Kids Campaign. Data obtained was analyzed using SPSS version 16.0, and descriptive statistics was applied. Results: Out of the 407 children, 102 (25%) have tried cigarette smoking, while 7.9% have tried smokeless tobacco. Almost 14.3% of them attempted to buy tobacco products and the shopkeepers sold it to them. A major proportion of the adolescents, 81.1% of them, believe that smoking can definitely cause harm to health, while 66.1% of them were aware about the harmful effects of passive smoking. About 73.7% were in favor of the idea of banning smoking in all enclosed public places. Conclusions: The adolescent students of Mangalore city are relatively well aware of the ill effects of tobacco, but a small proportion of them still use tobacco in some form which cannot be ignored.
B-Cell Lymphoma, Unclassifiable, With Features Intermediate Between Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma and Burkitt Lymphoma

Abstract B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and Burkitt lymphoma (BL), is a new category in the 2008 World Health Organization’s classification of hematologic neoplasms, which includes cases that have features of both diseases but which cannot be classified easily into either. These lymphomas generally have a poor outcome. This classification is not intended to represent 1 disease but rather a spectrum of lymphomas with overlapping features. Such cases may include those with characteristic BL cytology but with an atypical immunophenotype (strongly BCL2 positive, Ki-67 < 90%) or those with an immunophenotype compatible with BL but with a greater degree of morphologic heterogeneity and genetic complexity. Identification of these lymphomas requires the integration of multiple data points including morphology, immunophenotype, and genetic features. They are important to recognize because they do not typically respond well to standard therapies for either BL or DLBCL, and clinical trials are necessary to determine the optimal treatment of these aggressive lymphomas.
Experience Disclosing Mental Health Conditions Among College Students from Different Ethnic Backgrounds

Aim: The current study compared disclosure of mental health problems to staff, faculty, and peers among college students from different ethnic backgrounds. Background: Although there are differences in mental health stigma between college students from different ethnic backgrounds, there is limited research on whether these differences are associated with negative experiences disclosing mental health conditions on campus. Methods: The sample (N = 66) was 71% female; average age was 19.03 years (SD = 1.14). Participants identified as Latino/a (35.4%), Asian American (33.8%), Caucasian (13.8%), or other/mixed ethnicity (16.9%). Results: For disclosure to staff, there was a main effect of ethnicity. Post-hoc analyses found that Latino/a students were significantly more comfortable disclosing mental health problems to staff than Asian American students. There were no significant effects for disclosure to faculty or peers. Conclusions: This preliminary study suggests that universities must optimize outreach and mental health services for different ethnic groups to improve campus experience around mental health conditions.
Changing comprehenders’ pronoun interpretations: Immediate and cumulative priming at the discourse level in L2 and native speakers of English

Existing research on second language (L2) pronoun resolution has not yet looked at immediate and cumulative priming effects. By using a sentence comprehension task, the present study aims at priming dis-preferred interpretations for ambiguous pronouns. We test a group of native speakers and a group of intermediate-proficiency L2 learners of English, whose first language (L1) is Mexican Spanish. The results suggest that the magnitude of the immediate priming effect is comparable in L2 and native speakers. In addition, we found that priming at the discourse level can be persistent for L2 speakers that have successfully acquired pronoun interpretation constraints in the L2. Based on the findings, we hypothesize that priming can be determined by the degree to which the structure is a stable representation in the leaner’s system, regardless of the amount of experience with that structure/preference.
Editorial: The past, present, and future of Demographic Research

Contribution: As Demographic Research reaches 20 years of activity, encapsulated in 40 volumes freely accessible online, four of the editors who have led the journal during the period 1999–2019 reflect on its past, present, and future. The journal is a source of deep pride and passion, which we hope is shared by our whole community of readers, authors, reviewers, and editors. As we prepare for the next 20 years of this fascinating journey with Demographic Research, we look at the elements which have made the journal what it is today, and we consider how to meet the challenges of the future. We only deeply regret that the late Professor Jan M. Hoem (editor in 1999–2006) could not join us in this editorial endeavour.
Value Sensitive Design: Shaping Technology with Moral Imagination

Design expresses and shapes human values, either with intention or by default. In their recent book, Value Sensitive Design: Shaping Technology with Moral Imagination, Batya Friedman and David G. Hendry, who both teach in the Information School at the University of Washington and who are members of the Value Sensitive Design Research Lab, which Friedman directs, call for foregrounding human values in process and product. They define the field of “value sensitive design” as one that seeks to guide how we live with technology, offering “theory, method, and practice to account for human values in a principled and systematic manner throughout the technical design process” (4). Both descriptive and prescriptive, they outline major projects that have shaped the field since it was established in the 1990s and offer recommendations for designers. They claim the reigns as the stewards of the field, both defending how they’ve named it and describing what it encompasses. In the first of the book’s five chapters, the authors argue that “all technologies to some degree reflect, and reciprocally affect, human values,” and that “in designing tools we are designing ways of being” (1). They call for designers to take an explicit ethical position as shapers of human experience and translators of value. Of course, the question of what values and whose values comes up quickly for the reader. The authors define human values as “what is important to people in their lives” (24) emphasizing well-being, dignity, and justice while at the same time allowing for the idea that values are often context dependent. This is demonstrated in the projects they highlight, such as one focusing on improving transit for people with disabilities, and another that uses software to model the long-term results of zoning and land-use scenarios. All of the featured projects are altruistic, optimistic, and open ended, but Friedman and Hendry acknowledge critiques that question notions of universal values, and the difficulties of distinguishing between designer and stakeholder values. The second chapter lays out the theory of value sensitive design through a defense of terms and a list of commitments. For example, by using the term “sensitive” rather than “centered,” they recognize a way of working within a larger design process. The commitments are constitutive; they both describe and help construct the field. For example, in its expanded conception of stakeholders, value sensitive design goes beyond direct stakeholders—who we often call Saraleah Fordyce is Adjunct Faculty in Critical Studies and MFA Design at California College of the Arts. sfordyce@cca.edu © 2019 Saraleah Fordyce DOI: 10.1080/ 17547075.2019. 1684698
A Phenomenological Hermeneutic Study of the Lived Experiences of Spanish Elementary Dual Immersion Principals

The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological hermeneutic study was to describe the lived experiences of Spanish elementary dual immersion school principals who have led or are leading in Spanish elementary dual immersion schools. At this stage in the research, Spanish elementary dual immersion schools were generally defined as educational institutions designed to provide instruction in English and Spanish. The following central research question guided the study: What is the leadership experiences of Spanish elementary dual immersion school principals? The researcher delved into the challenges, benefits, and transformational leadership traits of Spanish elementary dual immersion school principals. The theory which guided my study was transformational leadership theory as theorized by Bass and Burns as it pertains to transforming a school site to face the unique challenges shared by dual immersion schools. In this study, 10 Spanish elementary dual immersion principals participated in semi-structured interviews, written letters to a future candidate, and photo narratives. Selective data analysis was utilized as a means of generating themes. My study found Spanish elementary dual immersion school leaders are higher purpose-driven, social justice crusaders,use proactive stewardship, always on the defense, buffers, culture builders, educational shifters, and instructional leaders in language acquisition. My study concluded that Spanish Elementary dual immersion school leaders are transformational agents. I recommend the replication of my study in other school settings.
Fifty years of morphological theory in the Netherlands

In1965, I became a student of Dutch and general linguistics at the Rijksuniversiteit Groningen. At that time, an important change took place in the Netherlands as to the way in which languages are studied: not only as unique systems, but also as specimens of natural language in general. This meant that linguistic theory acquired a central position in the framing of research questions. The rise of generative grammar played an important role in this change of perspective within Dutch linguistics. In 1966, my Dutch linguistics professor Albert Sassen (1921-1999), a philologist and morphologist, introduced generative grammar into the Dutch study program in Groningen by discussing the first Dutch dissertation written in the framework of generative grammar, Kraak (1966), in his syntax course for 2 nd year students (I was one of them). A year later, professor Henk Schultink (1924-2017) of Utrecht University, who wrote a famous dissertation on the morphology of Dutch (Schultink 1962) and acted as co-supervisor of my dissertation (Booij 1977), published a long introductory article on generative grammar in De Nieuwe Taalgids, a traditional journal for students of Dutch (Schultink 1967). This illustrates how an older generation of linguists took these new developments very seriously. Thus, a new generation of linguists was raised with a strong orientation towards American and generative linguistics. Although the rise of generative grammar gave an enormous boost to grammatical research in the Netherlands, it took some time before morphological issues received proper attention, with at least one exception, Botha (1968), a dissertation written in the framework of generative grammar under supervision of Schultink, on compounding in Afrikaans and the nature of the lexicon. The first dissertation on morphology at MIT, written by Mark Aronoff in 1974, was published as Aronoff (1976). In 1975, Frans Zwarts invited Aronoff to give a lecture on generative morphology in Groningen. This event turned out to be the first Morfologiedag, a conference for Dutch linguists working on morphology. Jaap van Marle and I organized a second edition of this event at the University of Amsterdam in 1976. Since then, the Morfologiedag has been organized on an annual and sometimes bi-annual basis at various universities in the Netherlands and Belgium, and more recently it became a two-day conference, hence Morfologiedagen or Morphology Days. In addition, the TIN-dag (Linguistics in the Netherlands) became an important forum for morphological papers and discussions. The intellectual history behind Aronoff’s influential monograph is described by himself as follows:
Medicaid: What Does It Do, and Can We Do It Better?

This article provides an overview of the Medicaid program and summarizes the evidence about its effectiveness in terms of providing insurance and promoting health. The evidence shows that Medicaid has improved the lives of low-income people since its creation in 1965. Expansions in Medicaid have led to increases in coverage and access to medical care, reductions in medical debt, and improvements in health outcomes with little evidence of significant reductions in beneficiaries’ labor supply. Yet there are concerns around the program’s high and increasing costs, the quality of care provided, and difficulty accessing Medicaid-funded care. We discuss some of the proposed Medicaid reforms meant to address these problems in light of previous evidence.
Bone Marrow Concentrate Enriched in Platelet Growth Factors Combined With De-mineralized Bone Matrix for Complex Revision and Complex Lower Limb Arthrodesis

Complex arthrodesis procedures in the lower limb present a challenging model for successful outcomes, especially in the face of multiple co-morbidities [1]. Not only is this patient population at risk for delayed union and nonunion, the potential for infection and delay in soft tissue healing is also of great concern [2]. Autolo-gous fusion solutions have been used for decades in bone repair procedures in the form of bone grafts (iliac or rib) or bone marrow (Figure 2) aspirate harvested from the marrow cavities with good results. Bone graft harvest comes with inherent challenges, often resulting in do-nor site morbidity [3]. Bone marrow aspirate (BMA) har-vested from the marrow cavities is a mixture of stromal and peripheral blood and has less inherent risk and still provides a potent osteogenic stimulus. Unfortunately, pure BMA has relatively few osteoprogenitor cells per volume and contains a high proportion of red blood cells that can interfere with bone healing [4] (Figure 1a). Recently, advances in the use of bedside devices have given physicians the option of an autologous concen-trate of therapeutic cells such as white blood cells and platelets as well as adult stem cells known to be instru-mental in osteogenesis, while removing the majority of the red cell fraction (Figure 1b). Additionally, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), which is produced from peripheral blood, contains concentrated growth factors that play a role in the proliferation and differentiation of adult stem cells and the enhancement of tissue healing [5,6]. Both human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and platelets have been shown to possess antimicrobial characteristics [7,8].