Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Un Cadre Formel de Boosting pour l'Adaptation de Domaine

L' hypothese PAC classique, selon laquelle les donnees d' apprentissage et de test sont issues d'une meme distribution, n'est pas satisfaite dans bon nombre de problemes reels en apprentissage. Pour traiter des cas ou les donnees sont issues de distributions source et cible differentes, un cadre recent - l'adaptation de domaine (AD) - permet de concevoir des algorithmes theoriquement fondes. Nous presentons DABOOST base a la fois sur les theories du Boosting et de l'AD. L'originalite par rapport a l'etat de l'art est que notre methode necessite uniquement des etiquettes source. Aucune information sur les etiquettes cible n'etant disponible, nous minimisons a la fois l'erreur en classification sur la source, comme ADABOOST, et la proportion de violations de marge sur la cible. Nous montrons theoriquement la convergence de DABOOST avec une borne sur l'erreur en generalisation et donnons des exemples pratiques de son efficacite.
Dual-component miniature excitatory synaptic currents in rat hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons.

1. Spontaneous miniature synaptic events were studied with tight-seal whole-cell recordings from CA3 neurons maintained in the hippocampal slice from immature rats (3-15 days). CA3 neurons suffer a constant, high-frequency barrage of inhibitory synaptic input. When inhibitory postsynaptic currents were suppressed by bicuculline, a smaller contribution from excitatory synapses was revealed. 2. Addition of tetrodotoxin (TTX) removed a persistent inward current and substantially reduced the baseline noise facilitating the detection of "miniature" excitatory currents. Addition of hyperosmotic media increased the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs). 3. Under both physiological and elevated potassium conditions, individual spontaneous miniature EPSCs (10-30 pA amplitude) were composed of components mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptors as determined by their voltage dependence, time course, and sensitivity to selective antagonists. 6-Cyano-7-nitro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) or D-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (D-APV) shifted the amplitude distribution of miniature EPSCs to a smaller mode at both +40 mV and -40 mV. Similar to EPSCs recorded in CA1 neurons, the rise and decay times of the NMDA receptor component were slower than those of the non-NMDA component. The time course of the non-NMDA component was voltage independent. 4. In 13 of 21 neurons, no correlation existed between individual EPSC rise times and their corresponding halfwidth, peak amplitude, or decay time constant. This suggests that the large range of EPSC kinetics observed in each individual neuron was not due solely to cable attenuation of EPSCs widely distributed over the dendritic tree. Plots of the mean EPSC rise time against mean halfwidth for each cell, however, revealed a striking correlation, suggesting that in neonates, active synapses may be grouped in a restricted region of the dendritic tree and as such are subject to similar amounts of dendritic filtering. 5. The electrotonic length of CA3 neurons (L = 0.52) predicted that at this maturity the electrotonic compactness of the neuron facilitated voltage control over all but the most distal synapses. The reversal potential of the fast component of spontaneous events was close to 0 mV, whereas the reversal potential of exogenously applied kainate and NMDA was more positive. This discrepancy likely reflects a compromise of the voltage clamp by the activation of conductances distributed over the entire cell. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Genome-wide mutagenesis of influenza virus reveals unique plasticity of the hemagglutinin and NS1 proteins

Significance Influenza A virus is characterized by a large host range and rapid antigenic drift—features not common to many viruses. To begin to understand the molecular basis behind these features, we performed genome-wide mutagenesis to gauge the relative flexibility of the viral genome. We found that only two small regions in the genome (the hemagglutinin head domain and nonstructural protein 1) were highly tolerant to transposon-based insertional mutation. We believe that this analysis highlights an evolutionary strategy of influenza A virus: maintain highly plastic domains in proteins required for rapid host adaptation. This finding may help explain why influenza viruses possess certain traits not common to all RNA viruses. The molecular basis for the diversity across influenza strains is poorly understood. To gain insight into this question, we mutagenized the viral genome and sequenced recoverable viruses. Only two small regions in the genome were enriched for insertions, the hemagglutinin head and the immune-modulatory nonstructural protein 1. These proteins play a major role in host adaptation, and thus need to be able to evolve rapidly. We propose a model in which certain influenza A virus proteins (or protein domains) exist as highly plastic scaffolds, which will readily accept mutations yet retain their functionality. This model implies that the ability to rapidly acquire mutations is an inherent aspect of influenza HA and nonstructural protein 1 proteins; further, this may explain why rapid antigenic drift and a broad host range is observed with influenza A virus and not with some other RNA viruses.
Dynamics analysis for the series-parallel resonant converter operating with SSPSM

This paper proposes a dynamic study of the dc/dc series-parallel resonant converter (SPRC) operating with self-sustained phase shift modulation technique (SSPSM). The study includes the synthesis of a suitable averaged large-signal dynamic model and the design of a nonlinear feedback controller based in the input-output linearization approach. The proposed controller provides some outstanding features: ZVS operation for the whole load range, narrowed frequency variation range, fast transient response and robustness in relation to external parameter variations. Experimental and simulation results are presented to verify the proposed controller performance.
Real-time, multidirectional 2D fast wavelet transform and its denoised sharpening application

This paper presents a real-time multi-directional 2D fast wavelet transform. As a real-time implementation of wavelet, small pixel windows in raster scan order are sequentially used as inputs to the transform instead of full image frame. This approach is corresponding to a recent image sensor releasing image pixels in line-by-line scanning order. The proposed method has high locality property so as to achieve low-latency real-time implementation adequate for recent mobile highly cost-effective application and it uses multi-directional decomposition which enables the transform to reduce the directional artifacts often occurring in conventional two-directional separable decomposition wavelet. As a possible application of the proposed wavelet, denoised sharpening algorithm was devised and the result is presented, representing the enhancement of directional and blocking artifacts problem.
When the Transition Temperature in Color Superconductors is Not Like in BCS Theory

We study color superconductivity with $N_f=1,2,$ and 3 massless flavors of quarks. We present a general formalism to derive and solve the gap equations for condensation in the even-parity channel. This formalism shows that the leading-order contribution to the gap equation is unique for all color superconductors studied here, and that differences arise solely at the subleading order. We discuss a simple method to compute subleading contributions from the integration over gluon momenta in the gap equation. Subleading contributions enter the prefactor of the color-superconducting gap parameter. In the case of color-flavor and color-spin locking we identify further corrections to this prefactor arising from the two-gap structure of the quasiparticle excitations. Computing the transition temperature, $T_c$, where the color-superconducting condensate melts, we find that these contributions lead to deviations from the BCS behavior $T_c\simeq 0.57 \phi_0$, where $\phi_0$ is the magnitude of the zero-temperature gap at the Fermi surface.
Subtle issues in model specification and estimation of marginal structural models

We review the concept of time‐dependent confounding by using the example in paper “Comparative effectiveness of individual angiotensin receptor blockers on risk of mortality in patients with chronic heart failure” by Desai et al. and illustrate how to adjust for it by using inverse probability of treatment weighting through a simulated example. We discuss a few subtle issues that arise in specification of the model for treatment required to fit marginal structural models (MSMs) and in specification of the structural model for the outcome. We discuss the differences between the effects estimated in MSMs and intention‐to‐treat effects estimated in randomized trials, followed by an outline of some limitations of MSMs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of bariatric surgery on echocardiographic indices: a review of the literature

Obesity is the new epidemic and is associated with an increased risk of diastolic and systolic heart failure. Effective treatment options with drastic results such as bariatric surgery have raised interest in the possible reversal of some of the cardiovascular sequelae. Many studies have assessed individually the effect of weight loss on specific echocardiographic indices, mostly employing nonhomogeneous groups. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarise the effect of bariatric surgery on echocardiographic indices of biventricular function and to help in the understanding of the expected echocardiographic changes in bariatric patients after weight‐loss surgery
Setup and Optimization of Primer for Protease Gene of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 as Evaluation Drug Resistance Manner in Iranian Patients

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) is a problem of global health. After the development of anti-retroviral therapy, the mortality and morbidity rate was reduced in whom was infected with HIV-1. However, because of many reasons such as virologic, immunologic, HAART regimen has a different result in HIV-1 infected patients. CD4 T Lymphocyte count and viral load test confirmed and showed that in some patients have treatment failure and need to analysis HIV-1 drugs target sequence and review in the administration of HAART regimen. There is some commercial kit for HIV-1 genotyping. Beside of these commercial kits, ANRS designed and released primer sets for amplification and sequencing of the HIV-1 genes such as Pol, Env. In the present study, protease sequence in the blood samples of 20 patients was amplified and investigated with in-house developed primer. These protease sequences were not amplified by ANRS primers.
ADOLESCENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES: Early Indications of Focal Retinal Neuropathy, Retinal Thinning, and Venular Dilation

Purpose: The eye provides a unique window into the neural and vascular health of a patient with diabetes. The present study is the first of its kind to examine the neural retinal function, structure, and retinal vascular health in adolescents with Type 2 diabetes. Methods: Focal neural responses from 103 discrete retinal regions of the eye were tested using multifocal electroretinography. Optical coherence tomography was utilized to measure retinal thickness. Digital fundus photographs were examined for the presence of retinopathy and to measure vascular caliber using retinal vessel analysis. Fifteen adolescents diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes, aged 13 to 21 years with a mean diabetes duration of 2.1 ± 1.3 years, were tested. Twenty-six age-matched control subjects were also tested. Results: Multifocal electroretinograms of the Type 2 diabetic group were significantly (P = 0.03) delayed by 0.49 milliseconds. The diabetic group also showed significant (both; P ≤ 0.03) retinal thinning (10.3 &mgr;m) and significant venular dilation (16.2 &mgr;m). Conclusion: The present study shows early indications of focal retinal neuropathy, retinal thinning, and venular dilation in adolescents with Type 2 diabetes. Early detection of functional and structural changes will hopefully aid in the prevention of permanent damage or further functional loss.
On A Comparison between Two Measures of Spatial Association

Two measures of spatial association between two variables were used by many researchers. These are the Wartenberg (1985) and Lee (2001) measures. Based on simulation for lattice data, the sensitivity of both measures was studied and compared with different choices of spatial structures, spatial weights and sample sizes using bias and mean square error. Different scenarios are used in terms of assumed numbers and sample sizes. Moran’s I is used to examine the spatial autocorrelation of such a variable with itself. Both the Wartenberg and Lee measures are found to be sensitive, however, Wartenberg’s measure is found to be somewhat better than Lee’s measure because it is slightly more sensitive when sample size is small.
Combinations of Methods for Collaborative Evaluation of the Usability of Interactive Software Systems

Usability is a fundamental quality characteristic for the success of an interactive system. It is a concept that includes a set of metrics and methods in order to obtain easy-to-learn and easy-to-use systems. Usability Evaluation Methods, UEM, are quite diverse; their application depends on variables such as costs, time availability, and human resources. A large number of UEM can be employed to assess interactive software systems, but questions arise when deciding which method and/or combination of methods gives more relevant information. We propose Collaborative Usability Evaluation Methods, CUEM, following the principles defined by the Collaboration Engineering. This paper analyzes a set of CUEM conducted on different interactive software systems. It proposes combinations of CUEM that provide more complete and comprehensive information about the usability of interactive software systems than those evaluation methods conducted independently.
Quality of life in adolescents with headache: Results from a population-based survey

The aim of the investigation was to study the impact of headache on quality of life (QOL) in adolescents in a population-based sample (N = 1047, aged between 13 and 17 years). QOL was assessed using the KINDL-R (Revidierter Kinder Lebensqualitätsfragebogen) questionnaire with its six dimensions. In order to assess potential differences in the impact on QOL according to the type of headache, a stratified analysis was performed. QOL differences compared to the ‘no headache’ group are presented with adjustment for socio-demographic confounders. Headache at least once per month was reported in 48% of the adolescents and accounted for a small but significant reduction of 2.5 points in the total KINDL-R score, which was mainly caused by a reduction in physical wellbeing by 6.8 points. Adolescents with migraine reported higher reductions in physical wellbeing and total QOL than subjects with tension-type headache (TTH). The size of the reduction in QOL scores was small but similar to that observed for other chronic conditions in adolescents. Headache prevention programs might therefore have an impact on QOL in adolescents.
A Comparative Study of Hidden Markov Model and Support Vector Machine in Anomaly Intrusion Detection

This paper aims to analyse the performance of Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) for anomaly intrusion detection. These techniques discriminate between normal and abnormal behaviour of network traffic. The specific focus of this study is to investigate and identify distinguishable TCP services that comprise of both normal and abnormal types of TCP packets, using J48 decision tree algorithm. The publicly available KDD Cup 1999 dataset has been used in training and evaluation of such techniques. Experimental results demonstrate that the HMM is able to classify network traffic with approximately 76% to 99% accuracy while SVM classifies it with approximately 80% to 99% accuracy.
The termination of primary afferents within the rat dorsal horn: Evidence for rearrangement following capsaicin treatment

The mode of termination of primary afferent fibres within the superficial dorsal horn of the spinal cord was studied with anterograde tracing methods in normal rats and in animals which had been treated with capsaicin (50 mg/kg. s.c.) shortly after birth. In normal animals following injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into lumbar dorsal root ganglia L4, L5, L6, a Golgi‐like filling of primary afferent fibres was seen consistently within laminae I, II, and III of the dorsal horn. Several types of lamina related arborisations were observed, depending upon the survival time after HRP injection. At the earliest survival time (1–2 days) a punctate granular labelling was found in laminae I and II inner (IIi). At 3 days survival a Golgi like labelling of primary afferent axons occurred and three tiers of arborisation were seen within laminae I, II outer (IIO), and II inner (IIi), respectively. By 7 days after injection this pattern was considerably reduced and there was coarser fibre labelling within laminae I, IIO, and III.
The role of personalization, engagement, and trust in online communities

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore whether brand community characteristics (perceived personalization and familiarity among members) affect brand community engagement through customer-to-customer (C2C) interaction. Design/methodology/approach – A survey questionnaire was distributed to members of online brand communities to test the research hypotheses. Findings – The findings showed that the relationships among the brand community constructs are significant. C2C interaction mediates the relations between the characteristic variables and brand community engagement. Furthermore, the findings revealed that brand community trust moderates the effects of perceived personalization on the quality of C2C interaction and on brand community engagement. It also moderates the relations between perceived familiarity among community members and each of brand community engagement and the quality of C2C interaction. Practical implications – Marketers should utilize a brand community’s C2C interaction for .
Implication of biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics of rifampicin in variable bioavailability from solid oral dosage forms

Rifampicin is one of the oldest and most effective chemotherapeutic agents available for the treatment of tuberculosis but exhibits variable bioavailability from separate and fixed dose combination formulations, which has been identified as a major bottleneck in the effective treatment of tuberculosis. In this investigation, physico‐chemical characterization, single dose pharmacokinetic studies and the permeability of rifampicin under physiological conditions in the rat were studied to trace the possible reasons for its variable absorption. Rifampicin exhibits very high solubility in acidic and basic pH, corresponding to the pH of the stomach and distal intestine, respectively, whereas it is moderately soluble at the jejunal pH. From single‐dose pharmacokinetic studies and permeability characterization, rifampicin is a highly permeable molecule and thus according to BCS, it is a borderline class II drug. This investigation has ruled out the possibility of intrinsic solubility, effective permeability, drug decomposition, presystemic metabolism and interaction with other antituberculosis drugs as direct factors responsible for the variable bioavailability of rifampicin. However, it was found that the rate of dissolution in association with pH and the concentration‐dependent absorption of rifampicin affects the in vivo performance of the dosage forms. In addition, this is the first report of methodology for correcting inlet concentration for permeability calculations of a chemically unstable molecule. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modi fi ed Clp Protease Complex in the ClpP 3 Null Mutant and Consequences for Chloroplast Development and Function in Arabidopsis 1 [ C ] [ W ] [ OA ]

The plastid ClpPRT protease consists of two heptameric rings of ClpP1/ClpR1/ClpR2/ClpR3/ClpR4 (the R-ring) and ClpP3/ ClpP4/ClpP5/ClpP6 (the P-ring) and peripherally associated ClpT1/ClpT2 subunits. Here, we address the contributions of ClpP3 and ClpP4 to ClpPRT core organization and function in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). ClpP4 is strictly required for embryogenesis, similar to ClpP5. In contrast, loss of ClpP3 (clpp3-1) leads to arrest at the hypocotyl stage; this developmental arrest can be removed by supplementation with sucrose or glucose. Heterotrophically grown clpp3-1 can be transferred to soil and generate viable seed, which is surprising, since we previously showed that CLPR2 and CLPR4 null alleles are always sterile and die on soil. Based on native gels and mass spectrometry-based quantification, we show that despite the loss of ClpP3, modified ClpPR core(s) could be formed, albeit at strongly reduced levels. A large portion of ClpPR subunits accumulated in heptameric rings, with overaccumulation of ClpP1/ClpP5/ClpP6 and ClpR3. Remarkably, the association of ClpT1 to the modified Clp core was unchanged. Large-scale quantitative proteomics assays of clpp3-1 showed a 50% loss of photosynthetic capacity and the up-regulation of plastoglobules and all chloroplast stromal chaperone systems. Specific chloroplast proteases were significantly up-regulated, whereas the major thylakoid protease (FtsH1/FtsH2/FtsH5/FtsH8) was clearly unchanged, indicating a controlled protease network response. clpp3-1 showed a systematic decrease of chloroplast-encoded proteins that are part of the photosynthetic apparatus but not of chloroplast-encoded proteins with other functions. Candidate substrates and an explanation for the differential phenotypes between the CLPP3, CLPP4, and CLPP5 null mutants are discussed.
Desenvolvimento de Plataformas Computacionais para Sinais EMG

O correto diagnostico, bem como o tratamento adequado, para lesoes musculares, torna-se imprescindivel para que nao haja sequelas a longo prazo, ou mesmo permanentes. No entanto, muitas vezes, os pacientes tem se deparado com incertezas medicas, ou mesmo, nao procuram por ajuda de especialistas. Diante disso, esse trabalho propoe o desenvolvimento de um sistema que possa de algum modo corroborar com o diagnostico proferido por um especialista, de forma a auxiliar no diagnostico de patologias musculares. Para tanto, utilizaremos analises de eletromiogramas (EMG) feitas com a ferramenta matematica Wavelet. Neste trabalho apresentamos um pequeno estudo de caso.
Hypocholesterolaemic effect of the oleoresin of Capsicum annum L. in gerbils (Meriones hurrianae Jerdon)

The effect of capsicum oleoresin (CO) on dietary hypercholeterolaemia were observed in male gerbils at a dose of 75 mg/kg body wt/day. The oleoresin reduced serum cholesterol and triglycerides by 70% and 66%, whereas, liver cholesterol and triglycerides were lowered by 70.9% and 68.7% respectively, in comparison with atherogenic fed controls. CO feeding prevented the accumulation of cholesterol and triglycerides in the liver and aorta. The faecal excretion of cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly increased in oleoresin fed gerbils. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.