Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Localization of NADPH diaphorase activity in monoaminergic neurons of the rat brain

Nitric oxide has recently been implicated as a neurotransmitter, and may modulate synaptic transmission, cerebral blood flow, and neurotoxicity. NADPH diaphorase histochemistry has been shown to be a reliable marker for nitric oxide synthase, the enzyme that synthesizes nitric oxide, in the nervous system. Because monoaminergic neurons frequently contain co‐transmitters, we examined whether these cells also exhibit NADPH diaphorase activity. Frozen sections from postnatal and adult rat brains were stained for NADPH diaphorase activity and either serotonin‐like immunoreactivity or tyrosine hydroxylase‐like immunoreactivity. Numerous neurons in the mesopontine serotoninergic cell groups (including the caudal linear, dorsal, median, supralemniscal, and pontine raphe nuclei) contained both serotonin‐like immunoreactivity and NADPH diaphorase activity. Within the dorsal raphe nucleus, approximately 70% of the serotoninergic neurons in the medial subnuclei displayed NADPH diaphorase activity, while less than 10% of the serotoninergic neurons in the lateral subnuclei were doubly labeled. Retrograde labeling with fluorescent microspheres indicated that many raphe‐cortical neurons contained NADPH diaphorase activity. No NADPH diaphorase activity was detected in serotoninergic neurons in the medullary nuclei (including the raphe magnus, raphe pallidum, and raphe obscurus). Only a small proportion of tyrosine hydroxylase‐like immunoreactive neurons in the periaqueductal gray, rostral linear nucleus, and rostrtrodorsal ventral tegmental area contained NADPH diaphorase activity. Tyrosine hydroxylase‐like immunoreactive neurons in the substantia nigra, locus coeruleus, hypothalamus, olfactory bulb, and dorsal raphe nucleus did not contain detectable NADPH diaphorase activity. The observation that many mesopontine (but not medullary) serotoninergic neurons contain NADPH diaphorase activity suggests that these neurons may release both serotonin and nitric oxide. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of Classroom Acoustics on Performance and Well-Being in Elementary School Children: A Field Study

Children are more impaired than adults by unfavorable listening conditions such as reverberation and noise. Nevertheless, the acoustical conditions in classrooms often do not fit the specific needs of young listeners. This field study aimed to analyze the effects of classroom reverberation on children's performance and well-being at school. Performance and questionnaire data were collected from 487 children from 21 classrooms which differed in mean reverberation time from 0.49 to 1.1 seconds. Significant effects of reverberation on speech perception and short-term memory of spoken items were found. Furthermore, the children from reverberating classrooms performed lower in a phonological processing task, reported a higher burden of indoor noise in the classrooms, and judged the relationships to their peers and teachers less positively than children from classrooms with good acoustics. The results demonstrate the importance of good acoustical conditions in classrooms.
Dendritic Cells as a Tool for the Predictive Identification of Skin Sensitisation Hazard

Preface This is the report of the fifty-first of a series of workshops organised by the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM). The main objective of ECVAM, as defined in 1993 by its Scientific Advisory Committee, is to promote the scientific and regulatory acceptance of alternative methods which are of importance to the biosciences, and which reduce, refine or replace the use of laboratory animals. One of the first priorities set by ECVAM was the implementation of procedures that would enable it to become well informed about the state of the art of non-animal test development and validation, and of opportunities for the possible incorporation of alternative methods into regulatory procedures. It was decided that this would be best achieved through a programme of ECVAM workshops, each addressing a specific topic, and at which selected groups of independent international experts would review the current status of various types of in vitro tests and their potential uses, and make recommendations about the best ways forward. The workshop on dendritic cells as a tool for the predictive identification of skin sensitisation hazard was held at ECVAM (Ispra, Italy) on 7-8 April 2004, with participants derived from academia, national organisations, and industry. The aim of the workshop was to review the state of the art of the use of cultured dendritic cells for the identification of skin sensitisation hazard, and to develop strategies for the eventual replacement of in vivo testing. At the end of this report are listed the recommendations that should be considered for progressing toward the prevalidation and validation of relevant and reliable procedures, that could in the future replace the use of animals in the skin sensitisation testing of chemicals and cosmetic products.
Early stopping for statistical inverse problems via truncated SVD estimation

We consider truncated SVD (or spectral cut-off, projection) estimators for a prototypical statistical inverse problem in dimension $D$. Since calculating the singular value decomposition (SVD) only for the largest singular values is much less costly than the full SVD, our aim is to select a data-driven truncation level $\widehat m\in\{1,\ldots,D\}$ only based on the knowledge of the first $\widehat m$ singular values and vectors. We analyse in detail whether sequential {\it early stopping} rules of this type can preserve statistical optimality. Information-constrained lower bounds and matching upper bounds for a residual based stopping rule are provided, which give a clear picture in which situation optimal sequential adaptation is feasible. Finally, a hybrid two-step approach is proposed which allows for classical oracle inequalities while considerably reducing numerical complexity.
Location transparent connection management: a survey of protocol issues

The authors examine one aspect of connection management currently receiving attention: dynamic, location-independent addressing. They offer a proposed clarification of relevant terminology, outline the location transparency problem, and explore both existing and potential approaches to its implementation. Underlying the exploration is the fundamental premise that addressing and routing in a location transparent environment necessitates considering a virtual addressing capability, which allows a device to have an unchanging virtual address at one level, and a physical address at a lower level, which dynamically changes according to the position of the device. <<ETX>>
Advanced laboratory scale model of high phase conversion power transmission line

Theory of high phase order conversion system i.e: six-phase transmission line has proved as an alternative to new line construction or voltage upgrading, the economic and technical viability of three to six phase conversion (termed high phase order conversion) of an existing double circuit line permitting about 73% more energy transmission without any change of the existing line tower, conductors and ROW area. Up to date there are many works done in this SPTL field reductions were only based on digital simulations and calculations. Tests on actual line settings and configuration which are needed during a study are challenges to researchers who have limited access to the lines. It will be more challenging especially reconfiguration exercises for HPO conversion of three phase to six phase system. This paper describes in the development of scaled down six phase transmission line (SPTL) model developed in the IVAT laboratory to serve the purpose of study of the steady state and transient behavior of high phase system.
Complex social structure, alliance stability and mating access in a bottlenose dolphin ‘super-alliance’

Large brain size in mammals has been related to the number and complexity of social relationships, particularly social alliances within groups. The largest within–group male alliance known outside of humans is found in a social network (>400) of Indian Ocean bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in Shark Bay, Western Australia. Members of this dolphin ‘super–alliance’ cooperate against other alliances over access to females. Males within the super–alliance form temporary trios and occasionally pairs in order to consort with individual females. The frequent switching of alliance partners suggests that social relationships among males within the super–alliance might be relatively simple and based on an ‘equivalence rule’, thereby allowing dolphins to form large alliances without taxing their ‘social intelligence’. The equivalence model predicts that the 14 males in the super–alliance should not exhibit differences in alliance stability or partner preferences. However, data from 100 consortships do not support the equivalence hypothesis. The 14 males exhibited striking differences in alliance stability and partner preferences suggesting that the super–alliance has a complex internal structure. Further, within the super–alliance, alliance stability correlates with consortship rate, suggesting that differentiated relationships within the super–alliance are based on competition for access to females.
Charge Generation by Secondary Particles From Nuclear Reactions in BEOL Materials

Direct charge collection measurements are presented, which prove that the presence of tungsten near sensitive volumes leads to extreme charge collection events through nuclear reactions. We demonstrate that, for a fixed incident particle linear energy transfer (LET), increasing particle energy beyond a certain point causes a decrease in nuclear reaction-induced charge collection. This suggests that a worst-case energy exists for single-event effect (SEE) susceptibility, which depends on the technology, device layout, and the incident ions' fixed LET value. A Monte Carlo approach for identifying the worst-case energy is applied to certain bulk-Si and silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technologies. Simulation results suggest that the decrease in charge collection beyond the worst-case energy occurs because the secondary particles produced from the high-energy nuclear reactions have less mass and higher energy and are therefore less ionizing than those produced by lower-energy reactions.
The acute effect of match play on hamstring strength and lower limb flexibility in elite youth football players

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of competitive football match play on hamstring strength and lower limb flexibility. Fifteen male international youth football players were included. Hamstring strength and associated pain ratings, ankle dorsiflexion, hip extension, knee extension and flexion range of motion were evaluated immediately post‐match and at intervals of 24, 48, and 72 h post‐match. Strength significantly reduced post‐match (P < 0.01), mean difference −0.43 (CI95: −0.56, −0.30) and 24 h post (P < 0.05) mean difference −0.12 Nm/kg (CI95: −0.20, −0.04). The associated pain scores significantly increased at the post‐match (P < 0.01, ES = 0.61) and 24 h (P < 0.01, ES = 0.55) time intervals. At the 48 and 72 h post‐match tests no significant difference was found for strength or pain ratings. No significant differences were detected for any of the range of motion measures. Competitive football match play has a significant acute and transient effect on isometric hamstring strength and associated pain levels during resisted knee flexion in male international youth players. Range of motion measures appear to remain relatively unaffected by match play. Isometric hamstring strength testing and associated pain levels might be considered for inclusion in‐season to monitor player's post‐match hamstring recovery characteristics.
Spreading of the immune response to different myelin basic protein peptides in chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in B10.RIII mice

B10.RIII mice develop chronic and relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) after immunization with the myelin basic protein (MBP) peptide 89‐101 (VHFFKNIVTPRTP). To investigate the basis for the chronicity of the disease, the subsequent development of an immune responses to other parts of the MBP protein were investigated. Onset of disease occurs 9‐25 days after immunization with MBP89‐101. T cell responses towards a series of MBP peptides were assessed in an enzyme‐linked immunospot assay detecting single cells secreting IFN‐γ. There were responses not only to MBP89‐101, but also towards peptides derived from sequences outside of MBP89‐101. These peptides were of two kinds: those with sequences completely outside the 89‐101 stretch of MBP; and those sharing a short sequence with MBP89‐101 depending on alternative splicing of MBP mRNA. Immunization with these peptides also produced chronic EAE and a spreading of the immune response to other MBP peptides. Immunization with stepped peptides around the relevant region (MBP87‐110) showed that peptides sharing a 6‐amino‐acid motif induced EAE after immunization. After MBP 89‐101 peptide immunization, T cells isolated from lymph nodes did not cross‐react in vitro to the other peptides sharing this motif. We suggest that one mechanism for the development of relapses during the disease course is the recruitment of new T cells with specificity for MBP peptides not derived from the peptide used for immunization. This is the first time such a mechanism has been demonstrated in a chronic autoimmune disease model.
FTCARP: A Fault-Tolerant Routing Protocol for Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks

Cognitive Radio (CR) has been recently proposed as a promising technology to remedy the problems of spectrum scarcity and spectrum underutilization by enabling unlicensed users to opportunistically utilize temporally unused licensed spectrums in a cautious manner. In Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks (CRAHNs), data routing is one of the most challenging tasks since the channel availability and node mobility are unpredictable. Moreover, the network performance is severely degraded due to large numbers of path failures. In this paper, we propose the Fault-Tolerant Cognitive Ad-hoc Routing Protocol (FTCARP) to provide fast and efficient route recovery in presence of path failures during data delivery in CRAHNs. The protocol exploits the joint path and spectrum diversity to offer reliable communication and efficient spectrum usage over the networks. In the proposed protocol, a backup path is utilized in case a failure occurs over a primary transmission route. Different cause of a path failure will be handled by different route recovery mechanism. The protocol performance is compared with that of the Dual Diversity Cognitive Ad-hoc Routing Protocol (D2CARP). The simulation results obviously prove that FTCARP outperforms D2CARP in terms of throughput, packet loss, end-to-end delay and jitter in the high path-failure rate CRAHNs.
Applications of diffusion‐weighted and diffusion tensor MRI to white matter diseases – a review

This paper reviews the current applications of diffusion‐weighted and diffusion tensor MRI in diseases of the brain white matter. The contribution that diffusion‐weighted imaging has made to our understanding of white matter diseases is critically appraised. The quantitative nature of diffusion MRI is one of its major attractions; however, this is offset by the more advanced hardware required to collect diffusion‐weighted images reliably, and the more complex processing to produce quantitative parametric diffusion images. With the now common availability of scanners equipped to perform echo‐planar imaging, the acquisition of diffusion tensor images is sure to become more widespread and routine. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Physical Safety and Security Features of U.S. Hotels

The physical attributes or features that signal safety and security are a critical part of the overall “servicescape” of a hotel and help to define the service experience. An investigation of the safety and security features of 5,487 U.S. hotels revealed significant differences in the distribution of these key amenities in various hotel price segments. Differences in these physical attributes were also found among hotels of various sizes, ages, and locations (e.g., urban, airport, small town). Analyzing hotel scores across several different categories revealed an average safety index score of 70 and a security index score of 64 out of a possible score of 100. Overall luxury and upscale hotels, newer hotels, larger hotels, and those located in urban and airport locations recorded the highest scores for safety and security. Using partial correlation analysis, safety and security scores were positively correlated with the published rate of the hotels, even when controlling for hotel size, age, location, and price segment, suggesting that offering more comprehensive physical safety and security features is associated with the advertising of a higher rate.
Design of dual-supply dual-ground voltages domino circuits

A low power dual-supply dual-ground voltages domino circuit is presented in this paper. The domino circuit employs a high ground voltage and the shared-well technique to improve the dual-supply voltage technology and further reduce the power consumption and optimize the layout area. Based on Chartered 0.35 um 2P4M CMOS technology, simulation results shows that dual-supply dual-ground voltages domino circuits save power up to 25% as compared to conventional domino circuits under the similar speed.
UPDATE ON GENETIC MARKERS FOR PORK QUALITY

Nearly 20 years ago the animal genetics field was rapidly trying to develop genetic markers that would be useful for marker assisted selection (MAS) programs. At that time, meat quality and reproduction were at the top of the list of traits that would be greatly improved by this new technology. Large research programs were developed and many promises were made. Yet today the swine industry would like to see more information on the application of genetic markers for economically important traits.
High-Resolution Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Diffuse Lung Disease: A Clinical Perspective

High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) has a central role in the routine detection and diagnosis of individual diffuse lung diseases. The widespread use of HRCT has been stimulated by numerous published series, which have evaluated the accuracy of HRCT in cohorts of patients. However, these series have not simulated the integration of HRCT into clinical diagnosis, and this has led to difficulties in achieving the optimal diagnostic use of HRCT in routine practice. This article summarizes the problems facing the clinician in applying HRCT series to diagnosis in individual patients. The flaws in published series are discussed and the importance of integrating HRCT data with baseline clinical information and, in selected cases, histopathologic findings is highlighted.
Limitations on the Integration of Analog Filters for Frequencies Below 10 Hz

Possibilities and limitations are considered of realizing integrated analog filters with cut off frequencies below 10 Hz. To arrive at an acceptable low chip-area, electronic multiplication is required to enhance the time-constant(s). It is recognized that for a given supply voltage electronic multiplication reduces the dynamic range because of noise-and DC-offset multiplication. As an example a 10 Hz low-pass filter has been successfully integrated on 0.4 sq. mm of chip area in a BICMOS process.
GTP-dependent scaffold formation in the GTPase of Immunity-Associated Protein family

GTPases of Immunity-Associated Proteins (GIMAPs) are a family of guanine nucleotide binding (G) proteins which are implicated in the regulation of apoptosis in lymphocytes. GIMAPs are composed of an amino-terminal G domain and carboxy-terminal extensions of varying size. Our recent biochemical and structural analysis of a representative GIMAP family member, GIMAP2, revealed the molecular basis of GTP-dependent oligomerization which involves two interfaces in the G domain. Whereas the amphipathic helix α7 in the C-terminal extension closely folds against the G domain in the GDP-bound state, it might be released in the GTP-bound state to assemble interaction partners. We also showed that the GIMAP2 oligomer functions at the surface of lipid droplets in a Jurkat T cell line. Here, we review our recent work and discuss the GIMAP2 oligomer as a GTP-dependent protein scaffold at the surface of lipid droplets controlling apoptosis.
Prevalence of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

ABSTRACT We prospectively determined the prevalence of community-associated Staphylococcus aureus in a large cystic fibrosis (CF) center between October 2005 and October 2007. We found that 2.7% (19/707) of the CF patients who had cultures during the study period were infected with this organism, representing 14% of the total methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains (n = 140) recovered from the patient population during the study period.
Random Dopant Fluctuation Induced Variability in Undoped Channel Si Gate all Around Nanowire n-MOSFET

In this brief, the random dopant fluctuation (RDF)-induced threshold voltage (VT) variability, ON current (ION) variability, and VT mismatch in undoped channel Si gate-all-around (GAA) n-nanowire MOSFETs (n-NWFETs) are studied using coupled 3-D statistical device simulations considering quantum corrected room temperature drift-diffusion transport. The RDFs are introduced in the Si NWFET tetrahedral device grid by a 3-D atomistic MonteCarlo technique. The RDF due to discrete random dopants located in the source (S)/drain (D) extension and channel regions of Si GAA n-NWFET are found to impact the device characteristic variability. The numerical VT mismatch analysis and comparison with the Si n-NWFET total AVT measurement data from the literature reveal that RDF still plays a significant source for device random fluctuations in undoped channel Si GAA n-NWFETs. The numerical VT mismatch study indicates the fact that complete suppression of RDF induced device random variability in undoped channel fully depleted MOS devices is still going to be a challenge, as long as doped S/D regions are employed.
Major Complications Associated With Xenograft Biologic Mesh Implantation in Abdominal Wall Reconstruction

Background. There is limited research for xenograft biologic mesh performance in the setting of infection despite widespread use and significant associated costs. Design. The authors retrospectively reviewed an FDA database for reported xenograft adverse events (AEs). All meshes were used in the setting of abdominal wall reconstruction from 1997 to 2008. Results. The authors identified 150 AEs. Permacol and Collamend comprised 75% (n = 112) of reported cases. Main AEs included acute mechanical failure (42%; n = 63), mesh disintegration (32%; n = 48), and poor mesh integration (13%; n = 20); 80% of cases were described as infected, and nearly 90% of AEs required reoperation. Conclusions . Major complications are reported to the FDA for xenograft biologic meshes. Cross-linked meshes had the most AE reports to the FDA. The intrinsic properties of meshes and how they relate to infection-related outcomes are poorly understood. The findings from this FDA database review point toward a need to carefully evaluate these products.