Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Promising Subject-Level Classification Model for Acute Concussion Based on Cerebrovascular Reactivity Metrics.

Concussion imaging research has primarily focused on neuronal disruption with lesser emphasis directed toward vascular dysfunction. However, blood flow metrics may be more sensitive than measures of neuronal integrity. Vascular dysfunction can be assessed by measuring cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), the change in cerebral blood flow per unit change in vasodilatory stimulus. CVR metrics including speed and magnitude of flow responses to a standardized well-controlled vasoactive stimulus are potentially useful for assessing individual subjects following concussion, given that blood flow dysregulation is known to occur with traumatic brain injury. We assessed changes in CVR metrics to a standardized vasodilatory stimulus during the acute phase of concussion. Using a case control design, 20 concussed participants and 20 healthy controls (HC) underwent CVR assessment measuring blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) MRI using precise changes in end-tidal partial pressure of CO2 (PETCO2). Metrics were calculated for the whole brain, grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) using sex-stratification. A leave-one-out receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis classified concussed from HCs based on CVR metrics. CVR magnitude was greater and speed of response faster in concussed participants relative to HCs, with WM showing higher classification accuracy compared to GM. ROC analysis for WM-CVR metrics revealed an area under the curve of 0.94 in males and 0.90 in females for speed and magnitude of response respectively. These greater than normal response to a vasodilatory stimulus warrant further investigation to compare the predictive ability of CVR metrics against structural injury metrics for diagnosis and prognosis in acute concussion.
Challenges for Big Data Analytics: A Review

- The data is very essential part of the information society that the world has turned into. Data has become very important for information systems which empower business, industry, organization and individual. The generation of vast amount of records by various information systems day by day has given birth to an era of big data. The term “Big Data” expresses a very massive size of datasets such that traditional database software tools are incapable to store, manage and analyze them efficiently. Hence the current data analytics fail to process Big Data. The main challenges for the researchers are to develop an efficient platform for big data analysis with high performance and to design appropriate big data mining algorithms. These challenges are discussed deeply in the survey, which starts with an introduction to big data, review of the literature on big data analytics and challenges for big data analytics.
Public Medical Insurance and Healthcare Utilization and Expenditures of Older with Chronic Diseases in Rural China: Evidence from NRCMS

China’s rural older are the threat from chronic diseases, making it important to evaluate the effect of public health insurance on the health care utilization and expenditures with chronic diseases. In 2003, China initiated a public health insurance, which was called the New Rural Cooperative Medical System (NRCMS). NRCMS is a voluntary program, targeting rural residents with government subsidies and individual contribution. Using the two-stage residual inclusion approach (2SRI), we analyzed the impact of NRCMS on health-care service utilization and expenditure of rural older with chronic diseases by using the 2011 and 2013 China Health and Retirement Survey (CHARLS) data. The results showed NRCMS did not play an effective role on improving the medical services utilization of rural older with chronic diseases. Although NRCMS immediate reimbursement significantly reduced the outpatient service fee, the actual outpatient reimbursement is the opposite. In addition, NRCMS did not significantly decrease their hospitalization expense. Policy makers should pay attention to health management about chronic diseases in rural China, and some measures should be taken to deepen the medical security system reform and improve the public health service system.
The contribution of photodegradation to litter decomposition in a temperate forest gap and understorey

Summary Litter decomposition determines carbon (C) backflow to the atmosphere and ecosystem nutrient cycling. Although sunlight provides the indispensable energy for terrestrial biogeochemical processes, the role of photodegradation in decomposition has been relatively neglected in productive mesic ecosystems. To quantify the effects of this variation, we conducted a factorial experiment in the understorey of a temperate deciduous forest and an adjacent gap, using spectral‐attenuation‐filter treatments. Exposure to the full spectrum of sunlight increased decay rates by nearly 120% and the effect of blue light contributed 75% of this increase. Scaled‐up to the whole forest ecosystem, this translates to 13% loss of leaf‐litter C through photodegradation over the year of our study for a scenario of 20% gap. Irrespective of the spectral composition, herbaceous and shrub litter lost mass faster than tree litter, with photodegradation contributing the most to surface litter decomposition in forest canopy gaps. Across species, the initial litter lignin and polyphenolic contents predicted photodegradation by blue light and ultraviolet B (UV‐B) radiation, respectively. We concluded that photodegradation, modulated by litter quality, is an important driver of decomposition, not just in arid areas, but also in mesic ecosystems such as temperate deciduous forests following gap opening.
Prefrontal cortex miR‐874‐3p prevents lipopolysaccharide‐induced depression‐like behavior through inhibition of indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 expression in mice

Indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is the first rate‐limiting enzyme that metabolizes tryptophan to the kynurenine pathway. Its activity is highly inducible by pro‐inflammatory cytokines and correlates with the severity of major depressive disorder (MDD). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in gene regulation and the development of neuropsychiatric disorders including MDD. However, the role of miRNAs in targeting IDO1 in the pathophysiology of MDD is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of novel miRNAs in the regulation of IDO1 activity and its effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced depression‐like behavior in mice. LPS up‐regulated miR‐874‐3p concomitantly with increase in IDO1 expression in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), increase in immobility in the forced swimming test as depression‐like behavior and decrease in locomotor activity as sickness behavior without motor dysfunction. The miR‐874‐3p increased in both neuron and microglia after LPS. Its mimic significantly suppressed LPS‐induced IDO1 expression in the PFC. Infusion of IDO1 inhibitor (1‐methyl‐l‐tryptophan) and miR‐874‐3p into PFC prevented an increase in immobility in the forced swimming test, but did not decrease in locomotor activity induced by LPS. These results suggest that miR‐874‐3p may play an important role in preventing the LPS‐induced depression‐like behavior through inhibition of IDO1 expression. This may also serve as a novel potential target molecule for the treatment of MDD.
Influence of a novel deep-learning based reconstruction software on the objective and subjective image quality in low-dose abdominal computed tomography.

OBJECTIVES Modern reconstruction and post-processing software aims at reducing image noise in CT images, potentially allowing for a reduction of the employed radiation exposure. This study aimed at assessing the influence of a novel deep-learning based software on the subjective and objective image quality compared to two traditional methods [filtered back-projection (FBP), iterative reconstruction (IR)]. METHODS In this institutional review board-approved retrospective study, abdominal low-dose CT images of 27 patients (mean age 38 ± 12 years, volumetric CT dose index 2.9 ± 1.8 mGy) were reconstructed with IR, FBP and, furthermore, post-processed using a novel software. For the three reconstructions, qualitative and quantitative image quality was evaluated by means of CT numbers, noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in six different ROIs. Additionally, the reconstructions were compared using SNR, peak SNR, root mean square error and mean absolute error to assess structural differences. RESULTS On average, CT numbers varied within 1 Hounsfield unit (HU) for the three assessed methods in the assessed ROIs. In soft tissue, image noise was up to 42% lower compared to FBP and up to 27% lower to IR when applying the novel software. Consequently, SNR and CNR were highest with the novel software. For both IR and the novel software, subjective image quality was equal but higher than the image quality of FBP-images. CONCLUSION The assessed software reduces image noise while maintaining image information, even in comparison to IR, allowing for a potential dose reduction of approximately 20% in abdominal CT imaging. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE The assessed software reduces image noise by up to 27% compared to IR and 48% compared to FBP while maintaining the image information.The reduced image noise allows for a potential dose reduction of approximately 20% in abdominal imaging.
Autoimmun májbetegségek átfedő (overlap) szindrómáinak áttekintése A felismerés és a kezelés nehézségei

autoimmun májbetegségek közötti biokémiai, szerológiai, hisztológiai vagy radiológiai átfedéseket, az autoimmun hepatitis és primer biliaris cirrhosis vagy primer szklerotizáló cholangitis együttes fenn-állását jelenti. Pontos gyakoriságuk nem ismert, 5–20%-os előfordulásról számolnak be. Az overlap szindrómáknak nincs kórjelző diagnosztikus vizsgálata, a klinikai tünetek, biokémiai, szerológiai, radiológiai és hisztológiai vizs-gálatok eredményének együttes értékelésén alapul a kórisme. A domináns megjelenésen alapuló, egyénre szabott, urzodezoxikólsavval végzett és/vagy immunszuppresszív (kortikoszteroid-) kezelést a tapasztalatok, illetve retros-pektív, nem randomizált vizsgálatok eredményei alapozzák meg. Orv. Hetil. , 2013, 154, 923
Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis of Viral Infections in Humans

Most cells can release extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane vesicles containing various proteins, nucleic acids, enzymes, and signaling molecules. The exchange of EVs between cells facilitates intercellular communication, amplification of cellular responses, immune response modulation, and perhaps alterations in viral pathogenicity. EVs serve a dual role in inhibiting or enhancing viral infection and pathogenesis. This review examines the current literature on EVs to explore the complex role of EVs in the enhancement, inhibition, and potential use as a nanotherapeutic against clinically relevant viruses, focusing on neurotropic viruses: Zika virus (ZIKV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Overall, this review’s scope will elaborate on EV-based mechanisms, which impact viral pathogenicity, facilitate viral spread, and modulate antiviral immune responses.
Positioning Bacillus subtilis as terpenoid cell factory

Increasing demands for bioactive compounds have motivated researchers to employ micro‐organisms to produce complex natural products. Currently, Bacillus subtilis has been attracting lots of attention to be developed into terpenoids cell factories due to its generally recognized safe status and high isoprene precursor biosynthesis capacity by endogenous methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway. In this review, we describe the up‐to‐date knowledge of each enzyme in MEP pathway and the subsequent steps of isomerization and condensation of C5 isoprene precursors. In addition, several representative terpene synthases expressed in B. subtilis and the engineering steps to improve corresponding terpenoids production are systematically discussed. Furthermore, the current available genetic tools are mentioned as along with promising strategies to improve terpenoids in B. subtilis, hoping to inspire future directions in metabolic engineering of B. subtilis for further terpenoid cell factory development.
Antibody Response to Canine Adenovirus-2 Virus Vaccination in Healthy Adult Dogs

Background: Re-vaccination against canine adenovirus (CAV) is performed in ≤3-year-intervals but its necessity is unknown. The study determined anti-CAV antibodies within 28 days of re-vaccination and factors associated with the absence of antibodies and vaccination response. Methods: Ninety-seven healthy adult dogs (last vaccination ≥12 months) were re-vaccinated with a modified live CAV-2 vaccine. Anti-CAV antibodies were measured before vaccination (day 0), and after re-vaccination (day 7, 28) by virus neutralization. A ≥4-fold titer increase was defined as vaccination response. Fisher’s exact test and multivariate regression analysis were performed to determine factors associated with the absence of antibodies and vaccination response. Results: Totally, 87% of dogs (90/97; 95% CI: 85.61–96.70) had anti-CAV antibodies (≥10) before re-vaccination. Vaccination response was observed in 6% of dogs (6/97; 95% CI: 2.60–13.11). Time since last vaccination (>3–5 years, OR = 9.375, p = 0.020; >5 years, OR = 25.000, p = 0.006) was associated with a lack of antibodies. Dogs from urban areas were more likely to respond to vaccination (p = 0.037). Conclusion: Many dogs had anti-CAV pre-vaccination antibodies, even those with an incomplete vaccination series. Most dogs did not respond to re-vaccination. Based on this study, dogs should be re-vaccinated every 3 years or antibodies should be determined.
Partial Achilles Tendon Rupture—A Neglected Entity: A Narrative Literature Review on Diagnostics and Treatment Options

Partial ruptures in the Achilles tendon are rather uncommon and are often misinterpreted as aggravated Achilles tendinopathy, and not always considered as a differential diagnosis. The aim of this literature review was to characterize typical symptoms, to provide an overview of available diagnosis and treatment options, and to give reference points for future research. There were few studies and sparse knowledge of scientific value, making it difficult to give evidence-based recommendations. Based on the few studies and the authors’ clinical experience, a diagnosis should be based on a patient’s history with a typical sharp onset of pain and inability to fully load the tendon. Previous intratendinous cortisone injections might be present. Clinical findings are a localized tender region in the tendon and often weakness during heel raises. Ultrasound and Doppler examinations show a region with an irregular and bulging superficial tendon line, often together with localized high blood flow. Magnetic resonance Imaging (MRI) shows a hyperintense signal in the tendon on T1 and T2-weighted sequences. First-line therapy should be a conservative approach using a 2 cm heel lift for the first 6 weeks and avoiding tendon stretching (for 12 weeks). This is followed by a reduced heel lift of 1 cm and progressive tendon loading at weeks 7–12. After 12 weeks, the heel lift can be removed if pain-free, and the patient can gradually start eccentric exercises lowering the heel below floor level and gradually returning to previous sport level. If conservative management has a poor effect, surgical exploration and the excision of the partial rupture and suturing is required. Augmentation procedures or anchor applications might be useful for partial ruptures in the Achilles insertion, but this depends on the size and exact location. After surgery, the 12 to 14-week rehabilitation program used in conservative management can be recommended before the patient’s return to full tendon loading activities.
Reproducibility of the Six‐Minute Walk Test in Children and Youth With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

While the 6‐minute walk test is increasingly being used in research to evaluate submaximal exercise capacity of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), psychometric properties with this population have not been well evaluated. We undertook this study to evaluate reproducibility (agreement and test–retest reliability) and to determine standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest detectable difference (SDD) in children and youth with JIA.
IR-UWB Sensor Based Fall Detection Method Using CNN Algorithm

Falls are the leading cause of fatal injuries in the elderly such as fractures, and secondary damage from falls can lead to death. As such, fall detection is a crucial topic. However, due to the trade-off relationship between privacy preservation, user convenience, and fall detection performance, it is generally difficult to develop a fall detection system that simultaneously satisfies all conditions. The main goal of this study is to build a practical fall detection framework that can effectively classify the various behavior types into “Fall” and “Activities of daily living (ADL)” while securing privacy preservation and user convenience. For this purpose, signal data containing the motion information of objects was collected using a non-contact, unobtrusive, and non-restraint impulse-radio ultra wideband (IR-UWB) radar. These data were then applied to a convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm to create an object behavior type classifier that can classify the behavior types of objects into “Fall” and “ADL. ” The data were collected by actually performing various activities of daily living, including falling. The performance of the classifier yielded satisfactory results. By combining an IR-UWB and CNN algorithm, this study demonstrates the feasibility of building a practical fall detection system that exceeds a certain level of detection accuracy while also ensuring privacy preservation and user convenience.
Genetic Structuring of Four Tectona grandis L. f. Seed Production Areas in Southern India

Teak (TectonagrandisL. f.) is a tree species indigenous to India and other South and East Asian countries. It produces high-value timber and is easily established in plantations. Reforestation requires a constant supply of high quality seeds. Seed production areas (SPA) of teak are improved stands used for collection of open-pollinated quality seeds in large quantities. Information on the genetic diversity of major teak SPAs in India is scanty. In this study we analyzed the genetic structure of four important seed production areas of Kerala State in south India by employing amplified fragment length polymorphism markers using ten selective primer combinations on 80 samples (4 populations x 20 trees). The gene diversity of the SPAs varied from 0.18 (Konni SPA) to 0.22 (Wayanad SPA). The percentage of polymorphic loci ranged from 61.3 (Parambikulam SPA) to 72.9 (Nilambur SPA). The mean combined gene diversity index (HT) of all four SPAs was (HT = 0.2395; SE 0.0100; p < 0.0001). Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) based on the two genetic clusters indicated that majority of genetic variation (75%) occurred within populations, while the variation between the two clusters was 25%. Nei’s genetic differentiation (GST = 0.17) Bayesian estimates (FST = 0.1433 SE 0.0436; P < 0.0001) supported the AMOVA partitioning and provided greater genetic diversity within seed production areas. A UPGMA dendrogram was prepared and showed that all twenty samples from each of Konni and Parambikulam SPAs clustered into two separate groups, respectively. However, five Nilambur genotypes and one Wayanad genotype intruded into the Konni cluster. The higher gene flow estimated (Nm = 2.4) reflected the inclusion of Konni origin planting stock in the Nilambur and Wayanad plantations. Evidence for population structure investigated using 3D Principal Coordinate Analysis of FAMD software 1.30 indicated that the pattern of clustering was in accordance with the origin of SPAs. The AFLP fingerprinting was capable of identifying the geographical origin of planting stock and thereby revealing the occurrence of errors in genotype labeling.
Risk factors for biopsy complications in initial versus subsequent biopsies in native and transplant kidneys

Background Few studies exist about risk factors for complications in subsequent biopsies. Purpose To explore risk factors for complications in initial versus subsequent biopsies in native and transplant kidneys, which may predict biopsy complications. Material and Methods In a multicenter study, 2830 native kidney biopsies (4.3% subsequent) were analyzed for major complications (1251 of these were also analyzed for minor) and 667 transplant kidney biopsies (29% subsequent) were analyzed for major and minor complications. No death or nephrectomy were described. Fisher’s exact test, Student’s t-test, chi-square analyses, and univariate and multiple binary logistic regression analyses were employed; P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results In initial native kidney biopsies, the frequency of major complications was higher in women compared to men (odds ratio 1.6, 95% confidence interval 1.1–2.2), in younger patients (50 vs. 54 years, P = 0.007), and in patients with lower weight (78 vs. 82 kg, P = 0.005). In subsequent native kidney biopsies, patients with major complications had a higher systolic blood pressure (145 vs. 132 mmHg, P = 0.03). In initial transplant kidney biopsies, biopsies with major complications had less glomeruli in the biopsy (17 vs. 24, P = 0.046). In subsequent transplant kidney biopsies, patients with major complications had a higher mean arterial pressure (112 vs. 98 mmHg, P = 0.002). In subsequent native kidney biopsies, there was a higher number of SLE-nephritis (12% vs. 4.6%, P = 0.001) compared to initial biopsies. Conclusion The different types of risk factors for complications in initial versus subsequent renal biopsies could be important for the clinicians to improve patients’ safety.
Graphene Derivatives in Biopolymer-Based Composites for Food Packaging Applications

This review aims to showcase the current use of graphene derivatives, graphene-based nanomaterials in particular, in biopolymer-based composites for food packaging applications. A brief introduction regarding the valuable attributes of available and emergent bioplastic materials is made so that their contributions to the packaging field can be understood. Furthermore, their drawbacks are also disclosed to highlight the benefits that graphene derivatives can bring to bio-based formulations, from physicochemical to mechanical, barrier, and functional properties as antioxidant activity or electrical conductivity. The reported improvements in biopolymer-based composites carried out by graphene derivatives in the last three years are discussed, pointing to their potential for innovative food packaging applications such as electrically conductive food packaging.