Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Point of View

In hospitals and nursing homes, &dquo;good patients&dquo; do not push nurse call buttons, do not ask questions, and do not try to control their surroundings. Such passivity may be good for institutional efficiency but can be bad for patients and residents. Through the best of intentions, care providers assist their clientele in many aspects of living with little consideration of the importance of encouraging independence. Though well intended, it will be shown that such care can be very detrimental to well-being.
Lisfranc joint injuries

Injuries to the tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc's) joint can be difficult injuries to diagnose. Some authors report that up to 20% of injuries are wrongly diagnosed. There remains controversy as to adequacy of closed reduction and fixation compared to open reduction with anatomical reduction and fixation. This article considers the anatomy, mechanism of injury, clinical diagnosis, radiological evaluation, classification, treatment and outcome of this injury pattern.
Considerações sobre os marcadores bioquímicos do metabolismo ósseo e sua utilidade prática

The use of biochemical markers of bone turnover in clinical practice is an ever increasing field. The development of new methods and a better knowledge of the physiopathology of the bone diseases, mainly osteoporosis, are the main reason for that. The markers can be divided in formation markers, that reflect osteoblastic activity, and resorption markers that reflect osteoclastic activity. Among the first ones the most important are bone specific alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, and among the last ones the fragments derived from the metabolism of collagen, like pyridolines and the amino and carboxyl terminal telopeptides. Besides the well proved applications, like the diagnosis and follow-up of diseases with important bone effects, like Paget's disease, primary hyperparathyroidism and others, new applications have recently been studied. Among these the one that seems to be more consistent is the follow-up of patients submitted to treatment for osteoporosis; in a short time curse, 1 to 3 months, is possible to verify the efficacy of a given medical treatment, something you can only verify using bone densitometry after one or two years. New methods, in special for the measurement of resorption markers in serum, may turn the application of these assays even more disseminated.
Myriad cardiac manifestation of Hyperhomocysteinemia- Case Report

Hyperhomocysteinemiacan present with myriad cardiac manifestation. Here we report a young gentleman, diagnosed as stroke in young, found to have dilated cardiomyopathy, with Left ventricular dysfunction and Hyperhomocysteinemia. Now presenting with unstable angina and found to have layered Left ventricular thrombus on echocardiography and spontaneous coronary artery dissection on angiography. Our patient is being followed up on optimal medical management, as he is asymptomatic with medications.
Zmienność rytmu zatokowego u dzieci z wybranymi wrodzonymi wadami serca

Wstep: Analiza zmienności rytmu zatokowego (HRV) okazala sie istotnym wskaźnikiem rokowniczym u doroslych pacjentow z chorobami serca. Niewiele jest doniesien na temat znaczenia parametrow HRV u pacjentow w wieku rozwojowym. Celem tej pracy byla ocena analizy wskaźnikow HRV u dzieci z wrodzonymi wadami serca. Material i metody: Badaniem objeto lącznie 69 dzieci: 33 dzieci z wrodzonymi wadami serca w wieku 3–12 lat (śr. 7,5 roku), 18 dziewczynek i 15 chlopcow; w tym 21 dzieci z ubytkiem przegrody miedzyprzedsionkowej (ASD) oraz 12 dzieci z ubytkiem przegrody miedzykomorowej (VSD). Grupe kontrolną stanowilo 36 dzieci zdrowych (17 dziewczynek i 19 chlopcow) w wieku 3–12 lat (śr. 8,0). Analize HRV przeprowadzono na podstawie standardowego zapisu 24-godzinnego EKG metodą Holtera. W ocenie HRV posluzono sie parametrami analizy czasowej: mRR, SDNN, SDNN-i, SDANN-i, r-MSSD, pNN 50 . Wyniki: W grupie pacjentow z wadami serca wykazano obnizenie wszystkich parametrow HRV w porownaniu z dziecmi zdrowymi. Znamiennie nizsze wartości mialy wskaźniki: SDNN-i (65,47 ± 21,7 vs. 77,76 ± 25,58), rMSSD (53,99 ± 25,4 vs. 68,73 ± 30,87), pNN50 (16,95 ± 10,51 vs. 23,32 ± 12,86); p 50 (14,59 ± 10,77 vs. 23,32 ± 12,86); p Wnioski: U dzieci z ubytkiem przegrody miedzyprzedsionkowej obserwuje sie zmniejszenie niektorych wskaźnikow HRV w porownaniu z dziecmi zdrowymi. W grupie dzieci z ubytkiem przegrody miedzykomorowej nie wykazano znamiennego obnizenia parametrow HRV. (Folia Cardiol. 2004; 11: 39–45)
Prevalence of tracheobronchomalacia in young children with cystic fibrosis

Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) is a commonly diagnosed condition with incidence in general population ranging between 1 in 1400 to 1in 2100 children.In a recent study of adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) by using multi detector CT scans a high prevalence of 29% was reported. Aim: To study the prevalence of tracheobronchomalacia in children with CF. Methods: A prospective observational study was done in Princess Margaret Hospital Perth, Australia from Jan 2011 to Dec 2011.Bronchoscopy findings recorded by clinician were collected in children undergoing CT chest and bronchoalveolar lavage as part of a surveillance programme (ARESTCF) in children with CF 6 years and below. A subjective visual estimation of 50% reduction in cross sectional area was used for defining TBM during breathing efforts. Results: A total of 72 children were studied over 1 year. A prevalence rate of 13.9% was found in the age group studied. Highest prevalence was found during first 2 years (22.7%). Limitations: prevalence could have been underestimated as spontaneous breathing was not observed in some children due to anaesthetic factors. As technique used was visual estimation there is a potential for observer bias. Conclusions: A high prevalence of tracheo broncho malacia was found in young children with CF. There is a need for further studies to understand the significance of tracheomalacia in CF. Acknowledgements: Perth division of ARESTCF programme.
What is at stake in a classification?

genetic basis of many of these conditions is yet to be elucidated. The ‘‘unknown cause’’ classification has the attraction of being what it says on the box, and without any subtext meaning—actual or intended. In terms of seizure classification, I am not enthusiastic about giving up the terms ‘‘simple partial’’ and ‘‘complex partial,’’ which are straightforward and clear. Certainly, the features of the seizures and their likely localization and lateralization should be described. But I do not find the term ‘‘focal seizures with dyscognitive features’’ intuitively superior to ‘‘complex partial. ’’ It will certainly be useful, as Shorvon (2011) suggests, to build a catalog of causes of the epilepsies, and to recognize that this listing will expand, that parts may wither as more knowledge unfolds, and that there will be genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity. I am not convinced, however, of the utility of the concept of provoked epilepsy, and suggest that the concept of provocation be confined to seizures. Precision of use of language is critical if a classification system is to be useful and widely adopted. It is regrettable that many authors, including the authors of the articles under discussion, make inappropriate usage of the term ‘‘etiology’’ as a synonym for ‘‘cause. ’’ ‘‘Etiology’’ is the study of causation, not a cause in its own right—any more than physiology and psychology are specific processes.
Tissue distribution and pharmacodynamics: a complicated relationship.

With few exceptions, drugs exert their effects not within the plasma compartment, but in the defined target tissues. The process of drug distribution to the active site constitutes the "link-bridge" of the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationship. In spite of the importance of drug distribution as a key factor in determining pharmacologic response, research on drug distribution has historically received much less attention than that of absorption, metabolism, and excretion. The negligence of research on drug distribution is due mainly to the inaccessibility of the target tissues for obvious ethical reasons. In addition, lack of reliable experimental tools to assess the distribution process is also a major contributing factor. Because of this negligence, drug distribution has been referred to as "the forgotten relative in clinical pharmacokinetics. " Although recent advances in molecular biology have led to the identification of many drug transporters, many of the processes of drug distribution are still not fully understood. The primary aim of this article is to provide new insight into the mechanisms of drug distribution, with an attempt to describe the relationship between the drug distribution and pharmacologic response. In addition, the factors that affect the processes of drug distribution will also be reviewed. Also, validity of some key assumptions that are used to relate the processes of tissue distribution with pharmacologic activity will be discussed.
RESEARCH Defining Optic Nerve Tortuosity

Afocusgroupof3pediatricneuroradiologistsreviewed20MRimagesofthebrainandorbitsofpatientssuspectedtohaveopticnervetortuosityintheabsenceofopticpathwaygliomaand found 6 radiographic factors that occurred frequently. Subsequently, 28 MR images were assessed forthepresenceofopticnervetortuosity,usingaglobalassessmentquestionthatreflectsaneuroradiologist’sconfidence in the presence of optic nerve tortuosity, and for the presence of the 6 radiographic factors, toidentify a combination of these factors that best predicted a diagnosis of optic nerve tortuosity.
Evidence for the Control of Aggrecanases by Insulin and Glucose in Alzheimer's Disease

OZET: Alzheimer hastaliginda insulin ve glukoz ile agrekanazlarin kontrolu uzerine kanitlar Amac: Alzheimer hastaligi (AH) kisinin hafiza ve bilissel becerilerini, hatta en sonunda en basit gorevleri yapma becerisini bile yavas yavas bozabilecek geri donusumsuz ve ilerleyici bir beyin hastaligidir. AH'nin baslamasi ve ilerlemesi, az anlasilmis kompleks bir surectir. Bu calismada AH'da diyabetle iliskili oldugu dusunulen, beyin fonksiyonlarinin bozulmasi acisindan risk teskil eden muhtemel bazi mekanizmalar arastirilacaktir. Yontem: U87 (insan primer glioblastoma) hucrelerinin Dulbecco's modifiye Eagle's ortaminda kulturu yapildi. Hucreler 48 saat sure ile insulin (10 μg/ml), dusuk miktar glukoz (11 mM, 2 mg/ml) ve yuksek miktar glukoza (55 mM, 10 mg/ml) maruz birakildi. Daha sonra harvest islemi yapilarak protein izolasyonu gerceklestirildi. Western blot membranlari ve ozel bir program ile primer anti-ADAMTS5, anti-IL-33, anti-NFκB, ve anti-GAPDH antikorlari kullanilarak ilgili proteinlerin bantlarinin tayini yapildi ve bunlarin dansiteleri olculerek gruplar birbiri ile karsilastirildi. Bulgular: Western blot sonuclari insulin uygulanan U87 hucrelerinde ADAMTS5 proteininin azaldigini gosterdi. Dusuk miktar glukoz uygulanmasi hucrelerde ADAMTS5 duzeylerinde orta derecede bir artisa yol acarken yuksek miktar glukoz uygulanmasi belirgin bir artisa yol acti. Yuksek miktar glukoz uygulanan hucrelerde IL-33 protein duzeyinde acik bir induksiyon tespit edilirken dusuk miktar glukoz uygulanan grupta orta duzeyde bir azalma bulundu. Insulin uygulanmasi ise IL-33 duzeyinde azalmaya neden oldu. NFκB ile immun reaksiyon veren antikorla yapilan muamelede insulin uygulanan hucrelerde NFκB protein duzeyinde keskin bir dusus bulunurken dusuk miktar ve yuksek miktar glukoz verilen gruplarda orta duzeyde bir azalma tespit edildi. Sonuc: Bu calisma, U87 hucrelerinde ayni deneysel duzenek ile hem agrekanazlar hem de inflamasyon medyatorlerinin birlikte calisildigi ve sonuclarinin AH patofizyolojisiyle diyabet ve hipergliseminin birlikte yorumlanmaya calisildigi ilk calismadir. Calismanin sonuclari, insulin ve glukozun henuz bilinmeyen mekanizma(lar) ile ADAMTS, IL-33 ve NFκB sentezinde onemli fonksiyonlari olabilecegini gostermektedir. Butun agrekanazlarin ve diger sinif ADAMTS enzimlerinin yukaridaki parametrelerle birlikte calisilip yorumlanacagi, ayrica molekuler biyoloji, genetik, immunoloji ve diger ilgili bilim dallarinin isiginda AH'da ADAMTS enzimleri ve inflamasyon medyatorlerinin patofizyolojiye katkilarinin degerlendirilecegi ileri calismalara ihtiyac vardir.
POLITECNICO DI TORINO Repository ISTITUZIONALE Performance evaluation of coherent WDM PS-QPSK (HEXA) accounting for non-linear fiber propagation effects

: Coherent-detection (CoD) permits to fully exploit the four-dimensional (4D) signal space consisting of the in-phase and quadrature components of the two ﬁber polarizations. A well-known and success-ful format exploiting such 4D space is Polarization-multiplexed QPSK (PM-QPSK). Recently, new signal constellations speciﬁcally designed and optimized in 4D space have been proposed, among which polarization-switched QPSK (PS-QPSK), consisting of a 8-point constellation at the vertices of a 4D polychoron called hexadecachoron. We call it HEXA because of its geometrical features and to avoid acronym mix-up with PM-QPSK, as well as with other similar acronyms. In this paper we investigate the performance of HEXA in direct comparison with PM-QPSK, addressing non-linear propagation over realistic links made up of 20 spans of either standard single mode ﬁber (SSMF) or non-zero dispersion-shifted ﬁber (NZDSF). We show that HEXA not only conﬁrms its theoretical sensitivity advantage over PM-QPSK in back-to-back, but also shows a greater resilience to non-linear effects, allowing for substantially increased span loss margins. As a consequence, HEXA appears as an interesting option for dual-format transceivers capable to switch on-the-ﬂy between PM-QPSK and HEXA when channel propagation degrades. It also appears as a possible direct competitor of PM-QPSK, especially over NZDSF ﬁber and uncompensated links.
Source Separation of Urine as an Alternative Solution to Nutrient Management in Biological Nutrient Removal Treatment Plants

Municipal wastewater contains a mixture of brown (feces and toilet paper), yellow (urine), and gray (kitchen, bathroom and wash) waters. Urine contributes approximately 70‐80% of the nitrogen (N), 50‐70% of the phosphorus (P) load and 60‐70% of the pharmaceutical residues in normal domestic sewage. This study evaluated the impact of different levels of source separation of urine on an existing biological nutrient removal (BNR) process. A process model of an existing biological nutrient removal (BNR) plant was used. Increasing the amount of urine diverted from the water reclamation facilities, has little impact on effluent ammonia (NH3‐N) concentration, but effluent nitrate (NO3‐N) concentration decreases. If nitrification is necessary then no reduction in the sludge age can be realized. However, a point is reached where the remaining influent nitrogen load matches the nitrogen requirements for biomass growth, and no residual nitrogen needs to be nitrified. That allows a significant reduction in sludge age, implying reduced process volume requirements. In situations where nitrification is required, lower effluent nitrate (NO3‐N) concentrations were realized due to both the lower influent nitrogen content in the wastewater and a more favorable nitrogen‐to‐carbon ratio for denitrification. The external carbon requirement for denitrification decreases as the urine separation efficiency increases due to the lower influent nitrogen content in the wastewater and a more favorable nitrogen‐to‐carbon ratio for denitrification. The effluent phosphorus concentration decreases when the amount of urine sent to water reclamation facilities is decreased due to lower influent phosphorus concentrations. In the case of chemical phosphate removal, urine separation reduces the amount of chemicals required.
Monitoring of Nitrate and Pesticide Pollution in Mnasra, Morocco Soil and Groundwater

This study evaluates the levels of nitrates and pesticides occurring in groundwater and agricultural soil in the Mnasra, Morocco area, a zone with intensive agricultural activity. A set of 108 water samples and 68 soil samples were collected from ten selected sites in the area during agricultural seasons, from May 2010 to September 2012. The results reveal that 89.7% of water samples exceeded the standard limit of nitrate concentrations for groundwater (50 mg/L). These results can be explained by the prevailing sandy nature of the soil in the area, the frequency of fertilizer usage, and the shallow level of the water table, which favors the leaching of nitrate from field to groundwater. In contrast, the selected pesticide molecules were not detected in the analysed soil and water samples; levels were below the quantification limit in all samples. This situation could be explained by the probable partial or total transformation of the molecules in soil.
Highly nonlinear hybrid AsSe-PMMA microtapers and applications

We report the fabrication and optical characterization of the first hybrid chalcogenide-polymer microtapers. With this material combination, the chalcogenide wire induces a large Kerr effect whereas the polymer coating provides sufficient mechanical robustness and flexibility to the assembly for normal handling as well as limiting the evanescent interaction with the environment. A few centimeters of such a nonlinear microtaper can replace kilometers of highly nonlinear silica fiber. Becoming a building block in itself, the hybrid microtaper can also be used to assemble new highly nonlinear components such as nonlinear couplers.
The anti‐arthritic effect of ursolic acid on zymosan‐induced acute inflammation and adjuvant‐induced chronic arthritis models

Ursolic acid (UA) is pentacyclic triterpenoic acid that naturally occurs in many medicinal herbs and plants. In this study, we examined the possible suppressive effect of UA extracted from Oldenlandia diffusa on zymosan‐induced acute inflammation in mice and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)‐induced arthritis in rats. UA treatment (per oral) dose‐dependently (25–200 mg kg−1) suppressed zymosan‐induced leucocyte migration and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in the air pouch exudates. Since the maximal effective dose of UA was 50 mg kg−1 in the zymosan experiment, we used this dose of UA in a subsequent study using an adjuvant‐induced rheumatoid arthritis model. UA treatment (50 mg kg−1, per oral, once a day for 10 days) was started from day 12 after adjuvant injection. UA dramatically inhibited paw swelling, plasma PGE2 production and radiological changes in the joint caused by CFA injection. Moreover, UA significantly suppressed the arthritis‐induced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia as well as the spinal Fos expression, as determined by immunohistochemistry, which was increased by CFA injection. In addition, overall anti‐arthritic potency of UA was comparable with ibuprofen (100 mg kg−1, oral) while UA did not induce significant gastric lesions as compared with the ibuprofen treatment group. These findings strongly suggest that UA is a useful suppressive compound for rheumatoid arthritis treatment with low risk of gastric problems.
Fractional signals and systems

Fractional order differentiation is a generalisation of classical integer differentiation to real or complex orders. From a mathematical point of view, several interpretations of fractional differentiation were proposed: all these interpretations demonstrate that fractional order differentiation cannot simply be connected to the local behaviour of the derivative function. This lack of simple interpretation is in fact due to the definition of the fractional order operator. This is a non-local operator based on an integral with a singular kernel. The same conclusion can be made for the fractional integrator operator, fractional differentiation operator definition being based on the fractional integrator operator definition. This situation explains why several definitions still coexist. Since the first recorded reference work in 1695 up to the present day, many articles have been published on this subject, but much progress still to be done particularly on the relationship of these different definitions with the physical reality of a system (through taking into account the initial conditions for instance). A fractional order system is a system described by an integro-differential equation involving fractional order
Molecular Mechanisms of the Formation and Progression of Intracranial Aneurysms

Until recently, only a little was understood about molecular mechanisms of the development of an intracranial aneurysm (IA). Recent advancements over the last decade in the field of genetics and molecular biology have provided us a wide variety of evidences supporting the notion that chronic inflammation is closely associated with the pathogenesis of IA development. In the field of genetics, large-scale Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has identified some IA susceptible loci and genes related to cell cycle and endothelial function. Researches in molecular biology using human samples and animal models have revealed the common pathway of the initiation, progression, and rupture of IAs. IA formation begins with endothelial dysfunction followed by pathological remodeling with degenerative changes of vascular walls. Medical treatments inhibiting inflammatory cascades in IA development are likely to prevent IA progression and rupture. Statins and aspirin are expected to suppress IA progression by their anti-inflammatory effects. Decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) inhibiting inflammatory transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and Ets-1 are the other promising choice of the prevention of IA development. Further clarification of molecular mechanisms of the formation and progression of IAs will shed light to the pathogenesis of IA development and provide insight into novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for IAs.