Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of a DNA Microarray for Detection and Identification of Bacterial Pathogens Associated with Fishery Products

ABSTRACT We established a microarray for the simultaneous detection and identification of diverse putative pathogens often associated with fishery products by targeting specific genes of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, Shigella, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, and Yersinia enterocolitica and the 16S-23S rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris. The microarray contained 26 specific probes and was tested against a total of 123 target bacterial strains that included 55 representative strains, 68 clinical isolates, and 45 strains of other bacterial species that belonged to 8 genera and 34 species, and it was shown to be specific and reproducible. A detection sensitivity of 10 ng DNA or 10 CFU/ml for pure cultures of each target organism demonstrated that the assay was highly sensitive and reproducible. Mock and real fishery product samples were tested by the microarray, and the accuracy was 100%. The DNA microarray method described in this communication is specific, sensitive, and reliable and has several advantages over traditional methods of bacterial culture and antiserum agglutination assays.
Resultados contábeis e fluxo de caixa operacional: uma análise em um grupo de empresas registradas na bovespa

O gerenciamento de resultados e um tema de interesse para analistas, reguladores, investidores, e outros profissionais ligados aos investimentos das empresas. A demonstracao contabil pode ser alvo de manipulacao em funcao da presenca dos accruals discricionarios ou nao discricionarios, que prejudica a qualidade da informacao gerada pela contabilidade, refletindo nos investimentos realizados nas empresas, provocando distribuicoes de riquezas sem uma justificativa adequada. Considerando o exposto acima, o objetivo desse estudo e analisar se os resultados contabeis apurados por um grupo de empresas registradas na BOVESPA no nivel Novo Mercado, tem relacao com fluxo de caixa de operacional obtido na Demonstracao dos Fluxos de Caixa destas empresas. Em termos metodologicos, e um estudo descritivo e quantitativo, com uso da analise de conglomerados e regressao linear. Os resultados apontam que as empresas que apesar de uma razoavel relacao entre a variavel Fluxo de Caixa Operacional e a variavel Resultado antes dos Tributos e Resultado Financeiro, a presenca de accruals e evidente, neste sentido quanto maior forem estes accruals, maior sera a possibilidade de existencia do gerenciamento de resultados.
Ontogenetic development of intestinal nutrient transporters.

sharing the same DNA, express different subsets of those genes at a given time, and why each cell expresses different genes at different times. This problem is conspicuous for the ver­ tebrate gastrointestinal tract, which undergoes two dramatic developmental transitions associated with changing functional demands. At the first and more abrupt transition, coinciding with birth in mammals and hatching in birds, the gut assumes from the yolk sac or placenta the responsibility for extracting nutrients. At the second transition, coinciding with weaning in mammals and metamorphosis in amphibia, many species experience a marked change in diet. Ontogenetic development has been intensively studied for many gut func­ tions, such as secretion of enzymes and gastric acid (30-32, 41, 42). Less information has been available for intestinal nutrient transporters, but studies of their development are now proliferating. Our review begins by summariz­ ing patterns of prenatal and postnatal development for transporters of sugars, amino acids, peptides, bile salts, and vitamins. We then consider de­ velopmental changes in regionalization of transport along two axes: the length of the intestine, and the crypt/villus axis of the intestinal mucosa. After
Sucesión espectral asociada a foliaciones riemannianas

SE DESARROLLAN TECNICAS PARA EL ESTUDIO GLOBAL DEL TERMINO E2 DE DISTINTAS SUCESIONES ESPECTRALES ASOCIADAS A FOLIACIONES RIEMANNIANAS EN VARIEDADES COMPACTAS, EN LOS CAPITULOS I A III SE DAN LOS TEOREMAS DE ESTRUCTURA DE E.FEDIDA Y P.MOLINO, Y LOS RESULTADOS BASICOS SOBRE LA SUCESION ESPECTRAL DE MASA-SARKARIA. SE OBTIENE EN PARTICULAR QUE E2U,V=HU(Q;E1O,V) PARA Q-FOLIACIONES DE LIE. EN EL CAPITULO IV SE ESTUDIA LA COHOMOLOGIA DEL COMPLEJO DE FORMAS DIFERENCIALES INVARIANTES POR LA ACCION DE UN GRUPO DE LIE. SEA F UNA FOLIACION TRANSVERSALMENTE ORIENTADA, DE DIMENSION Q, CON UN ESTRUCTURA RIEMANNIANA SOBRE UNA VARIEDAD COMPACTA M DE DIMENSION P+Q. EN EL CAPITULO V SE DEMUESTRA QUE DIM E2 ES MENOR QUE INFINITO. COMO LA TOPOLOGIA INDUCIDA EN E1 POR LA TOPOLOGIA CINFINITO NO ES SIEMPRE SEPARADA, SE DEFINE EN EL CAPITULO VI EL COMPLEJO REDUCIDO E1=E1/OE1, PROBANDOSE QUE E2=H(E1) Y H(OE1) TIENEN DIMENSION FINITA. FILTRANDO EL COMPLEJO DE CORRIENTES DE M SE OBTIENE UNA SUCESION ESPECTRAL EI QUE CONVERGE A H(M). EN LOS CAPITULOS VII Y VIII SE ENCUENTRAN OPERADORES DE DIFUSION DE CORRIENTES, COMPATIBLES CON LAS FILTRACIONES INTRODUCIDAS. EL OPERADOR DE DUALIDAD DE DERHAM INDUCE ISOMORFISMOS E2U,V=E2Q-U,P-V, E2U,V=E2Q-U,P-V, HU,V(OE1)=HQ-U-1,P-V+1(OE1). EN PARTICULAR, CUANDO LAS HOJAS SON COMPACTAS, E2=E2 Y H(OE1)=0. EN EL CAPITULO IX SE OBTIENE E2U,V=HU(Q)XE2O,V PARA LAS Q-FOLIACIONES DE LIE CON Q COMPACTA DE CENTRO TRIVIAL SOBRE UNA VARIEDAD COMPACTA.
Cost-effectiveness of computerized tomographic colonography versus colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening

Background: Computerized tomographic (CT) colonography is a potential alternative to colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening. Its main advantage, a better safety profile, may be offset by its limitations: lower sensitivity, need for colonoscopy in cases where results are positive, and expense. Methods: We performed an economic evaluation, using decision analysis, to compare CT colonography with colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening in patients over 50 years of age. Three-year outcomes included number of colonoscopies, perforations and adenomas removed; deaths from perforation and from colorectal cancer from missed adenomas; and direct health care costs. The expected prevalence of adenomas, test performance characteristics of CT colonography and colonoscopy, and probability of colonoscopy complications and cancer from missed adenomas were derived from the literature. Costs were determined in detail locally. Results: Using the base-case assumptions, a strategy of CT colonography for colorectal cancer screening would cost $2.27 million extra per 100 000 patients screened; 3.78 perforation-related deaths would be avoided, but 4.11 extra deaths would occur from missed adenomas. Because screening with CT colonography would cost more and result in more deaths overall compared with colonoscopy, the latter remained the dominant strategy. Our results were sensitive to CT colonography's test performance characteristics, the malignant risk of missed adenomas, the risk of perforation and related death, the procedural costs and differences in screening adherence. Interpretation: At present, CT colonography cannot be recommended as a primary means of population-based colorectal cancer screening in Canada.
THE THYROID FUNCTION IN YOUNG MEN DURING PROLONGED EXERCISE AND THE EFFECT OF ENERGY AND SLEEP DEPRIVATION

Thyroid function has been investigated in 24 young military cadets participating in a 5 d ranger training course with heavy physical excercise, calorie deficiency and deprivation of sleep. The cadets were divided into three groups, each differing in the amount of sleep and food consumption. The serum levels of thyroid hormones (T4, FT4, T3, rT3) and TBG showed a biphasic pattern during the course. Initially there was an increased secretion concomitant with an increased deiodination of T4 to T3 and rT3 mainly due to physical exercise. When the activities lasted for several days without sufficient food supply the thyroid secretion decreased simultaneously with an alteration of the peripheral conversion of T4 to rT3 instead of T3. A significant correlation was found between the changes in total and free thyroxine (r= 0·9) and between the increase in rT3 and decrease in T3 (r= 0·6). TSH decreased during the first day of activities and remained low throughout the course. The TSH response to TRH stimulation was greatly reduced during the course due to physical exercise and calorie deficiency. The present investigation demonstrates that the thyroid function is strongly affected by prolonged physical exercise and a negative energy balance, whereas sleep deprivation does not have any significant influence. The results indicate that the alteration observed is not regulated just by the hypothalamo‐pituarity‐thyroid‐axis alone.
Mouse chromosome 11 harbors genetic determinants of hippocampal strain‐specific nicotinic receptor expression

Differences between isogenic mouse strains in cellular expression of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor subunit alpha4 (nAChRα4) by the dorsal hippocampus are well known. To investigate further the genetic basis of these variations, expression of the nAChRα4 subunit was measured in congenic mouse lines derived from two strains exhibiting notable divergence in the expression of this subunit: C3H and C57BL/6. Congenic lines carrying reciprocally introgressed regions (quantitative trait loci; QTL) from chromosomes 4, 5, and 12 each retained the phenotype most closely associated with the parental strain. However, in congenic lines harboring the reciprocal transfer of a chromosome 11 QTL, a characteristic difference in the ratio of interneurons versus astrocytes expressing nAChRα4 in the CA1 region is reversed relative to the parental strain. These finding suggest that this chromosomal segment harbors genes that regulate strain distinct hippocampal morphology that is revealed by nAChRα4 expression. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reflections on the founding of the International Cancer Genome Consortium.

Five years have passed since the strategy meeting that launched the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC)4 in October 2007. The intervening 5 years have been a time of remarkable progress in cancer genome research, with great strides having been made toward understanding the mutational landscape of cancer and the early adoption of genome analyses in the clinical management of patients. Although progress in the field of cancer genomics has received wide coverage in the scientific literature and lay media, not much has been written about the events that led to the founding of the international consortium. Given our involvement in these events, we were asked to look back at the circumstances that attracted many of the world's leading cancer agencies, genome and cancer scientists, ethicists, computer scientists, and other experts to work together. The common purposes were to accelerate the discovery of many new cancer biomarkers and potential cancer targets and to spur the development of new clinical tests and therapeutic interventions that would benefit cancer patients worldwide. Fig. 1 is a slide from the opening talk at the International Cancer Genomics Strategy Meeting held in Toronto, Canada, on October 1 and 2, 2007. This meeting was convened by 6 organizations—the European Commission, Genome Canada, the National Cancer Institute, the National Human Genome Research Institute, the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, and the Wellcome Trust. The meeting drew 122 participants from 22 countries, including world leaders in cancer genomics research, ethics, statistics, informatics, and pathology, as well as directors of funding agencies. International researchers and funding agencies used the forum to exchange knowledge and discuss the range of opportunities for a consortium initiative that would generate an atlas of genomic abnormalities in cancer. Fig. 1. Challenges and opportunities supporting the formation of the International Cancer Genome Consortium. TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas; WTSI CGP, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute–Cancer Genome Project; TSP, Tumor Sequencing …
Phenolic Azo Dye Oxidation by Laccase from Pyricularia oryzae

Laccase oxidation of phenolic azo dyes was examined with a commercially available laccase from Pyricularia oryzae as the model. Methyl-, methoxy-, chloro-, and nitro-substituted derivatives of 4-(4(prm1)-sulfophenylazo)-phenol were examined as substrates for this laccase. Only the substituents on the phenolic ring were changed. Among the dyes examined, only 2-methyl-, 2-methoxy-, 2,3-dimethyl-, 2,6-dimethyl-, 2,3-dimethoxy-, and 2,6-dimethoxy-substituted 4-(4(prm1)-sulfophenylazo)-phenol served as substrates. Preliminary kinetic studies suggest that 2,6-dimethoxy-substituted 4-(4(prm1)-sulfophenylazo)-phenol is the best substrate. Laccase oxidized the 2,6-dimethyl derivative of 4-(4(prm1)-sulfophenylazo)-phenol to 4-sulfophenylhydroperoxide (SPH) and 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone. The 2-methyl- and 2-methoxy-substituted dyes were oxidized to SPH and either 2-methyl- or 2-methoxy-benzoquinone. Six products were formed from laccase oxidation of the 2,6-dimethoxy-substituted dye. Three of them were identified as SPH, 4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid, and 2,6-dimethoxybenzoquinone. A mechanism for the formation of benzoquinone and SPH from laccase oxidation of phenolic azo dyes is proposed. This study suggests that laccase oxidation can result in the detoxification of azo dyes.
Effects of calcium deficiency and excess on transmembrane potentials in frog heart.

Abstract : The effects of severe calcium deficiency and calcium excess upon transmembrane potentials in isolated frog ventricular strips have been investigated. Resting potential rose about 5 mv. above normal during perfusion with 3-times-normal calcium and fell about 4 mv. below normal during exposure to calcium-free Clark's solution. Mean overshoot rose about 3 mv. during calcium lack but was unaffected by excess calcium. Maximum depolarization rate increased about 20 percent during calcium deprivation and fell a similar amount during high calcium perfusion; however, the membrane potential at the moment of maximum depolarization rate was unchanged from normal by either experimental solution. High calcium augmented the 'spike' and 'plateau' during repolarization, while calcium deficiency abolished the 'spike,' producing 'hump-backed' action potentials with prolonged membrane reversal. These results are discussed, es5ecially in relation to possible changes in permeability during upstroke of the action potential. (Author)
Degradation of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Quality Control Substrates Requires Transport between the ER and Golgi*

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) quality control (ERQC) components retain and degrade misfolded proteins, and our results have found that the degradation of the soluble ERQC substrates CPY* and PrA* but not membrane spanning ERQC substrates requires transport between the ER and Golgi. Stabilization of these misfolded soluble proteins was seen in cells lacking Erv29p, a probable Golgi localized protein that cycles through the ER by means of a di-lysine ER retrieval motif (KKKIY). Cells lacking Erv29p also displayed severely retarded ER exit kinetics for a subset of correctly folded proteins. We suggest that Erv29p is likely involved in cargo loading of a subset of proteins, including soluble misfolded proteins, into vesicles for ER exit. The stabilization of soluble ERQC substrates in both erv29Δcells and sec mutants blocked in either ER exit (sec12) or vesicle delivery to the Golgi (sec18) suggests that ER-Golgi transport is required for ERQC and reveals a new aspect of the degradative mechanism.
Attenuation of c‐Fos basal expression in the cerebral cortex of aged rat

CELLULAR immediate early genes (IEG) such as c-fos were originally defined as rapid and transient inducible gene, but their products show a varying degree of basal expression in the brain of normal animals, suggesting that they also play a role in the transcriptional control under physiological conditions. In this study, we used an immunohistochemical method to investigate changes in the number of c-Fos-immunoreactive cells in the cerebral cortex and hippocampal formation of the aged rat. There was a remarkable decrease in the number of c-Fos -immunoreactive cells in the piriform and temporal cortex of aged rats compared with young adult rats. There was a slight decrease in the number of c-Fosimmunoreactive cells in the parietal cortex of aged rat. In the hippocampal complex, there were also decreases in the number of c-Fos-immunoreactive cells in aged rat; the degree of decrease was most prominent in the dentate gyrus. This report provides the first morphological evidence for decreased levels of basal c-Fos expression in some cerebral cortical areas and in the hippocampal complex of aged rats.
Cost-effectiveness of Adding an Agent That Improves Immune Responses to Initial Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in HIV-Infected Patients: Guidance for Drug Development

Abstract Purpose: Adding an immune-enhancing agent to initial antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV is a potential strategy to ensure that patients achieve optimal immune response. Method: Using a mathematical model of HIV disease and treatment, we evaluated the treatment benefits and cost-effectiveness of adding a hypothetical immune-enhancing agent to the initial 6 months of ART. We assumed that the additional agent would result in a higher CD4 increase that would provide clinical benefit. The additional cost ($1,900/month) was based on the cost of a drug currently under investigation for immune enhancement. Outcomes included projected life expectancy and cost-effectiveness in 2009 US dollars/quality-adjusted life year (QALY) with costs and QALYs discounted at 3% annually. Results: Compared to standard ART, immune-enhanced ART resulting in an additional 40 CD4 cell/µL increase at 6 months yields a 2.4 month projected undiscounted life expectancy increase with a cost-effectiveness ratio of $107,600/QALY. Achieving a cost-effectiveness ratio<$100,000/QALY requires a >43 CD4 cell/µL improvement, or >19 cells/µL if immune-enhancing agent costs are halved. Conclusions: In addition to showing clinical efficacy, investigational immune enhancement agents need to increase CD4 counts more than has been previously observed or have a lower cost to be considered cost-effective in the United States.
A low-complexity signal detection utilizing AOR iterative method for massive MIMO systems

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system is capable of substantially improving the spectral efficiency as well as the capacity of wireless networks relying on equipping a large number of antenna elements at the base stations. However, the excessively high computational complexity of the signal detection in massive MIMO systems imposes a significant challenge for practical hardware implementations. In this paper, we propose a novel minimum mean square error (MMSE) signal detection using the accelerated overrelaxation (AOR) iterative method without complicated matrix inversion, which is capable of reducing the overall complexity of the classical MMSE algorithm by an order of magnitude. Simulation results show that the proposed AOR-based method can approach the conventional MMSE signal detection with significant complexity reduction.
Hospitalization and Mortality Among Primarily Nonbreastfed Children During a Large Outbreak of Diarrhea and Malnutrition in Botswana, 2006

Background:In 2006, a pediatric diarrhea outbreak occurred in Botswana, coinciding with heavy rains. Surveillance recorded a 3 times increase in cases and a 25 fold increase in deaths between January and March. Botswana has high HIV prevalence among pregnant women (33.4% in 2005), and an estimated 35% of all infants under the age of 6 months are not breastfed. Methods:We followed all children <5 years old with diarrhea in the country's second largest referral hospital at the peak of the outbreak by chart review, interviewed mothers, and conducted laboratory testing for HIV and enteric pathogens. Results:Of 153 hospitalized children with diarrhea, 97% were <2 years old; 88% of these were not breastfeeding. HIV was diagnosed in 18% of children and 64% of mothers. Cryptosporidium and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli were common; many children had multiple pathogens. Severe acute malnutrition (kwashiorkor or marasmus) developed in 38 (25%) patients, and 33 (22%) died. Kwashiorkor increased risk for death (relative risk 2.0; P = 0.05); only one breastfeeding child died. Many children who died had been undersupplied with formula. Conclusions:Most of the severe morbidity and mortality in this outbreak occurred in children who were HIV negative and not breastfed. Feeding and nutritional factors were the most important determinants of severe illness and death. Breastfeeding is critical to infant survival in the developing world, and support for breastfeeding among HIV-negative women, and HIV-positive women who cannot formula feed safely, may prevent further high-mortality outbreaks.
Fast, Low Memory Z-Buffering when Performing Medium-Quality Rendering

This article presents algorithms which both improve performance and decrease memory costs when using a Z-buffer for medium-quality rendering. The crux of the method is to perform rendering in two passes; the first quickly renders only Z-depth values, the second does all shading calculations. This method allows the reuse of memory used to store the Z-depths and colors, as only one of these two values is needed at any given moment for any given pixel. It also eliminates all unnecessary shading/shadowing/texturing calls, which typically take the majority of computation time in medium-quality algorithms.