Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Virtual World Accessibility with the Perspective Viewer

Virtual worlds are mostly inaccessible to blind users, due to their exclusively graphical interfaces. We developed the Perspective viewer for Second Life and OpenSim virtual worlds, which enables blind users to explore and navigate Second Life virtual worlds with relative ease. The Perspective viewer allows different tools to be modularly added to the viewer, to enable comparison amongst different tools proposed in accessibility research. The Perspective viewer and its set of navigation and exploration tools are described here, with an analysis of the types of tools essential to the blind user in the navigation and exploration of virtual worlds. In particular, the manner in which the audio channel uses and filters information in the navigation of the virtual world, is highlighted. The development of the viewer enabled us to make several recommendations for virtual world accessibility standards.
Analyzing source code identifiers for code reuse using NLP techniques and WordNet

Massive amount of source codes are available free and open. Reusing those open source codes in projects can reduce the project duration and cost. Even though several Code Search Engines (CSE) are available, finding the most relevant code can be challenging. In this paper we propose a framework that can be used to overcome the above said challenge. The proposed solution starts with a Software Architecture (Class Diagram) in XML format and extracts information from the XML file, and then, it fetches relevant projects using three types of crawlers from GitHub, SourceForge, and GoogleCode. Then it finds the most relevant projects among the vast amount of downloaded projects. This research considers only Java projects. All java files in every project will be represented in Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) to extract identifiers (class names, method names, and attributes name) and comments. Action words (verbs) are extracted from comments using Part of Speech technique (POS). Those identifiers and XML file information need to be analyzed for matching. If identifiers are matched, marks will be given to those identifiers, likewise marks will be added together and then if the total mark is greater than 50%, the . java file will be considered as a relevant code. Otherwise, WordNet will be used to get synonym of those identifiers and repeat the matching process using those synonyms. For connected word identifiers, camel case splitter and N-gram technique are used to separate those words. The Stanford Spellchecker is used to identify abbreviated words. The results indicate successful identification of relevant source codes.
Immunoglobulin subclass distribution and dynamics of Shigella-specific antibody responses in serum and stool samples in shigellosis

To assess the humoral immunological responses at the subclass level in shigellosis, specific antibody responses against Shigella dysenteriae 1 lipopolysaccharide (LPS), S. flexneri Y LPS, invasion plasmid-coded protein antigens (Ipa), and Shiga toxin were analyzed. Antibody responses of 41 patients with S. dysenteriae 1 infection (SDIP) and 15 patients with S. flexneri infection (SFIP) were compared with those of controls (n = 40). The levels of total immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, IgM, and albumin in serum and stool samples were analyzed. In addition, total IgA (t-IgA), secretory IgA (s-IgA), and antigen-specific s-IgA in fecal samples were analyzed to evaluate the specificities and magnitudes of the mucosal immune responses. By comparing the relative increases in optical density for each IgG subclass separately, it was determined that the anti-LPS (homologous) response initially increased in the order IgG2 > IgG1 > IgG3 > IgG4 and that this order changed to IgG2 > IgG3 > IgG1 > IgG4 later in the disease. The IgG subclass response against protein antigens initially showed the order IgG1 > IgG3 > IgG2 > IgG4, which changed to IgG3 > IgG1 > IgG2 > IgG4 later in the disease. A significant increase in the proportion of IgA2 among t-IgA compared with that in controls was seen in both SDIP and SFIP, while significant changes in the proportions of IgG1 and IgG2 among t-IgG compared with controls was seen only in SDIP. The anti-LPS IgA2 response was more prominent in SDIP than in SFIP. We found an early peak of antigen-specific s-IgA in fecal samples, with a shorter duration than the corresponding response in serum samples. The simultaneous increase of serum IgA, fecal t-IgA, and s-IgA in SDIP compared with those in SFIP suggests that there is a massive increase in the local IgA production, giving an increase in systemic IgA concomitant with an extensive gut mucosal inflammation leading to an increased loss of albumin, IgG, and IgA with a high ratio of t-IgA to s-IgA.
Bandwidth admission control mechanism for supporting QoS over DOCSIS 1.1 HFC networks

In order to support quality of service (QoS) for real-time data, such as voice over IP (VoIP), video on demand (VoD) and other multimedia services, HFC (hybrid fiber coax) networks must provide an effective priority scheme. Data over cable service interface specifications v1.1 (DOCSIS 1.1), developed for data transmission over the HFC networks, defines five upstream services to support per-flow QoS. However, it does not define how to schedule these upstream services. We propose a new bandwidth admission control mechanism to support QoS in DOCSIS 1.1 HFC networks. In our scheme, the five upstream services are classified into two services - periodic services and aperiodic services. The periodic services are time-sensitive services, and they must provide bandwidth and access delay guarantee. The proposed admission control mechanism can satisfy them. The analysis and simulation results confirm that the throughput and delay are better than several proposed schemes.
PRN psychotropic medication and acute mental health nursing: reviewing the evidence.

Administration of p.r. n. (pro re nata) medication is a typical practice in acute inpatient mental health units. Although guided by the prescription, the administration of p.r. n. medication is a relatively autonomous component of the nurse's role, and the decision to administer is generally one for the nurse. During a number of facilitated planning days at the authors' facility, nurses indicated that the practice associated with administration of psychotropic p.r. n. medications in an acute inpatient mental health unit required clearer articulation. Against this background, the authors conducted a review of the literature, with two objectives: to identify and then communicate to the nurses the best evidence to support nursing practice. The authors found considerable variation in nursing practices related to administration of p.r. n. medication. In an area of practice that is undertaken with such regularity and with considerable potential impact on consumers, these findings point to the need for further research to establish best practices.
Intestinal wall motion, propulsion, and fluid movement: trends toward a unified theory.

WEEMS, WILLIAM A. Intestinal wall motion, propulsion, and fluid movement: trends toward a unified theory. Am. J* Physiol. 243 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 6): G177-G188, 1982. -Research in the field of intestinal motility has progressed to the stage where a formal theory is needed to account for the production and control of fluid motion within the intestinal lumen. Because significant advances toward the development of such a theory require that investigators design their experiments with this specific goal in mind, an initial framework of concepts is proposed to aid in the development of a unified theory of motility. Intestinal motility is viewed as having three aspects: wall motion, propulsion, and fluid movement. The temporal and spatial behavior of any single aspect is not autonomous in origin or caused solely by the behavior of one of the other aspects. The behavior of each emerges from ongoing interactions among all three aspects. Each aspect is discussed both as a separate entity and in terms of the interactions known or expected to occur between or among these aspects. Specific problems associated with traditional approaches used to individually study each aspect are considered. These include difficulties in quantitatively describing wall and fluid motions and in determining the causes of wall motions. Methods currently being used and those suspected of having value in studying interactions among the three aspects of motility are also discussed. The conceptual framework and methods of experimentation advocated in this paper contribute only to the initial stage of a longterm development effort that will require years of research to formulate a theory that integrates wall motion, propulsion, and fluid movement. Further development of a unified theory of motility will depend heavily on the continued modification and application of experimental techniques and conceptual tools borrowed from such fields as systems engineering, fluid mechanics, mathematics, and computer science.
Development of Incipient Slip Measurement System for Walking Analysis with High-speed Camera

This paper describes a method of measuring the incipient slip of the sole in order to clarify the relation between a plantar tactile sensibility and a stabilization mechanism for a slip. The incipient slip measuring device for walking analysis by using high-speed cameras and acceleration sensor is developed. The measurement device can be measured the plantar skin deformation during a walk. The incipient slip is confirmed by using the developed device.
Cello-Oligosaccharide Oxidation Reveals Differences between Two Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases (Family GH61) from Podospora anserina

ABSTRACT The genome of the coprophilic ascomycete Podospora anserina encodes 33 different genes encoding copper-dependent lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) from glycoside hydrolase family 61 (GH61). In this study, two of these enzymes (P. anserina GH61A [PaGH61A] and PaGH61B), which both harbored a family 1 carbohydrate binding module, were successfully produced in Pichia pastoris. Synergistic cooperation between PaGH61A or PaGH61B with the cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) of Pycnoporus cinnabarinus on cellulose resulted in the formation of oxidized and nonoxidized cello-oligosaccharides. A striking difference between PaGH61A and PaGH61B was observed through the identification of the products, among which were doubly and triply oxidized cellodextrins, which were released only by the combination of PaGH61B with CDH. The mass spectrometry fragmentation patterns of these oxidized products could be consistent with oxidation at the C-6 position with a geminal diol group. The different properties of PaGH61A and PaGH61B and their effect on the interaction with CDH are discussed in regard to the proposed in vivo function of the CDH/GH61 enzyme system in oxidative cellulose hydrolysis.
EFFECT OF ETHYL METHANE SULFONATE, SODIUM AZIDE AND GAMMA RAYS ON YIELD PERFORMANCE OF PIGEON PEA (CAJANUS CAJAN L. ) IN M3 GENERATION

This experiment was conducted at Department of botany Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, India. During the warm season from 2017. The experiment aimed to study the effect of Gamma rays as a physical mutagens and Sodium azide (SA) and Ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) as a chemical mutagen on Growth performance (early flowering, number of branch and height) of Pigeon pea in M3 generation. Dry seed was divided into 10 treatments T1 Control treatment, T2, T3 ,T4 seed was treated with 0.5, 0.10 and 0.15 % EMS T5, T6 , T7 seed was treated with d 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 % SA and T8, T9 and T10 seeds were irradiated with 5, 10 and 15 KR respectively and were sown in the filed by following randomized block design. (RCBD) in farm. The results of the statistical analysis showed the chemical and physical mutagens affect the pigeon pea and increased number of pods per plant and Number of seed per pods. In control (T1), the number of pods was 438 . 20 pods and increased significantly (P ≤ 0.01) to 533.10 pods in T3 treatment (highest value) and 520.40, 521.70 and 442.85 pods in T8, T9 and T10 respectively. Furthermore, the highest asset value of the number of seed per pods was recorded in T10, T2 and T7 treatments and reached 4.73, 4.48 and 4.37 seed respectively compared with 4.24 seed in T1 and of Ethyl Methane Sulfonate, Sodium Azide and Gamma rays did not effect on length of pods. Keyword: Ethyl Methane Sulfonate, Sodium Azide, Gamma rays, Yield performance, Pigeon pea.
Morphology and Function of Lateral Hypaxial Musculature in Salamanders

SYNOPSIS. The lateral hypaxial musculature (LHM) of salamanders may serve as a useful model for understanding the functions of LHM in tetrapods more generally. Salamanders have between two and four layers of LHM, arranged segmentally in myomeres. These layers produce three primary mechanical actions: they bend the body, pressurize the body, and produce or resist torsion about the long axis of the body. The optimum muscle fiber angle for forceful bending is 0 to the long axis, the optimum angle for pressurization is 90 , and the optimum angle for torsion is 45 . For generating bending and torsional moments, lateral (superficial) muscle layers have greater mechanical advantage than medial (deep) layers. For increasing body pressure, by contrast, medial layers have greater mechanical advantage. A comparison of muscle fiber angles in aquatic and terrestrial salamanders reveals that some aquatic salamanders have one muscle layer with a low fiber angle which may represent a specialization for swimming. Overall, however, the fiber angles in the LHM of terrestrial and aquatic salamanders are surprisingly similar. In contrast, the pattern of fiber angles in caecilians is different, suggesting that these amphibians use their LHM differently. The fiber angle models and morphological observations presented here form a framework which may be useful in future studies of lateral hypaxial musculature.
Upper extremity musculoskeletal manifestations of dialysis-associated amyloidosis.

"Dialysis-associated amyloidosis" is a recently identified complication of uremic patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis 16. The inability of both cuprophane dialysis membranes to filter, and renal failure patients to catabolize the plasma protein 13-2 microglobulin, results in the accumulation and subsequent conversion of this substance to amyloid fibrils. Amyloid is deposited predominantly in the musculoskeletal system in synovial, articular and periar-ticular tissue, resulting in a variety of conditions. The precise mechanism of ,B-2 microglobulin conversion to amyloid and the reason for the preferential accumulation of amyloid in the musculoskeletal system is unknown. The prevalence of these associated musculoskeletal conditions is directly proportional to the duration of dialysis. Thus, with the length of survival of hemodialysis patients, those involved in their orthopaedic care will encountering this unusual, yet distinct, form of secondary The purpose of this is to review dialysis-associated
Effect of Cynoglossum zeylanicum (Vehl ex Hornem) Thunb. Ex Lehm on Oral Glucose Tolerance in rats

The effect of ethanol extract of whole plant of Cynoglossum zeylanicum on Oral Glucose Tolerance was determined. Ethanol extract of Cynoglossum zeylanicum were evaluated for Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats. Oral administration of ethanol extract at doses of 100 &150mg/kg body weight shows that the extract promote glucose uptake. These results suggest that the ethanol extract of Cynoglossum zeylanicum whole plant will be useful in the treatment of impaired oral glucose tolerance.
Interactions of Homocysteine, Nitric Oxide, Folate and Radicals in the Progressively Damaged Endothelium

Abstract The endothelium exerts fundamental control over vascular tone, and injury to the endothelium followed by dysfunction is an early key event preceding manifestation of vessel pathology. Both elevated plasma homocysteine and low folate status have been identified as major and independent risk factors for atherosclerosis and have stirred an enormous and still increasing interest. The damaging effects of hyperhomocysteinemia on endothelial function are, at least in part, reversible through folate supplementation. Because of the inverse relationship between plasma folate and homocysteine levels, however, it is difficult to discriminate between their respective effects. Endothelial dysfunction refers mainly to reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), which is involved in homocysteinemediated vascular damage. Accumulating evidence further suggests that radical oxygen species are fundamentally involved in hyperhomocysteinemia. NO production is determined by cofactors such as tetrahydrobiopterin, which is oxidized and depleted in conditions of oxidant stress by peroxynitrite. Deficiency of tetrahydrofolate contributes to uncoupling, turning the NO synthase into a superoxide radical-producing enzyme. It appears that progression of vascular disease is likely to determine the multiple interactions between homocysteine, NO, oxygen radicals and folate. Folate has only recently been found to exert direct anti-oxidative effects and contribute to restoration of impaired NO metabolism. Understanding of the complex interactions between homocysteine, radicals, NO and folate offers promising perspectives in the individual treatment of vascular disease. Thus, preventive and therapeutic strategies may require a more distinct approach and better discrimination of target groups for greatest possible efficacy.
Hierarchical Position Estimation for a Tracking System using Mobile Detectors

Determining the physical location of indoor objects is a key issue in ubiquitous computing. Although many proposals have been created to provide physical location tracking, these systems have some restrictions such as a dependence on the type and size of objects and a trade-off between position accuracy and the number of sensing devices. We present a hierarchical approach to overcome these restrictions that uses mobile detectors. We describe a system called MobiTra that estimates the indoor position of objects using mobile tag readers' detection histories. The effect of hierarchical position estimation is evaluated through a prototype testbed and simulation
Design and test of decision feedback equalizers for 80 Gbit/s bit rate and beyond

Modification of the 1-tap parallel look-ahead decision feedback equalizer (DFE) architecture is developed using Boolean algebra to enable its operation at 80 Gbps and beyond. Measurement techniques which can be generally applied to the testing of this as well as to other DFE architectures are devised. The equalizer's wide band clock distribution network enables its operation from 25 to 80 Gbps. The equalizer is designed in a 0. 13µm SiGe:C BiCMOS technology, dissipates 4W and occupies 2mm2.
Robust and Optimal Consumption Policies for Deadline-Constrained Deferrable Loads

The paper analyzes the optimal response of an individual smart load with deferrable demand for electricity, to exogenous and stochastic price processes. It is assumed that a smart load can delay a time-flexible energy demand up to a fixed deadline. Under mild assumptions on the regularity of the stochastic price process, it is shown that the optimal strategy is to consume only when the price is less than or equal to a certain threshold that depends only on the time left to the deadline and the price statistics. This analysis is performed under both perfect and partial information about the statistics of the price process. Robust policies with performance guarantees are derived for the partial information case. Such performance bounds are also used for deriving upper and lower bounds on the economic value of load-shifting. Numerical simulation results based on price data from wholesale electricity markets suggest that when information must be empirically extracted from data, the robust policies provide various theoretical and practical advantages over the full information policies.
Funktionskrav och partnering för drift och underhåll av järnvägar

For att mota kravet pa en ny sektorsroll och riksdagens krav pa effektivitet genomforde Banverket en omorganisation den 1 januari 1998. Den nya organisationen ar en sa kallad bestallar-utforarmodel .
Retinal ganglion cells projecting to the rabbit accessory optic system

Recent evidence from extracellular recording studies indicates that the medial terminal nucleus (MTN) of the rabbit accessory optic system receives inputs from a particular functional class of retinal ganglion cells—specifically, the on‐type direction‐selective cells. These ganglion cells have been selectively labeled by the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injected into the MTN. The number of labeled cells, their distribution over the retina, and their soma areas were determined. In one animal in which the HRP injection completely filled the nucleus, two thousand ganglion cells were labeled. This number agrees with previous estimates of the number of retinal axons terminating in the MTN. Unlike results in avians, none of the ganglion cells was displaced—i.e., they were not Dogiel cells. The density of labeled cells was highest in the visual streak and, overall, the distribution of labeled cells corresponded to the physiologically determined distribution of on‐type direction‐selective cells. Cells labeled by the HRP injection were among the 20% largest cells in the retina. This result, in conjunction with conclusions from other studies, leads to the prediction that on‐type direction‐selective cells can be characterized morphologically as cells with large cell bodies and a very extensive dendritic spread in which the dendrites ramify in the vitreal sublamina of the inner plexiform layer.
The in Vivo Role of Androgen Receptor SUMOylation as Revealed by Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome and Prostate Cancer Mutations Targeting the Proline/Glycine Residues of Synergy Control Motifs*

Background: Androgen receptor (AR) SUMOylation inhibits transactivation, but the impact on human disease is unknown. Results: AR mutations associated with androgen insensitivity syndrome and prostate cancer affect AR SUMOylation and function. Conclusion: Altered SUMOylation is the molecular basis of specific AR-based human diseases. Significance: AR SUMOylation is an important physiological mechanism in vivo that could be targeted for therapy. The androgen receptor (AR) mediates the effects of male sexual hormones on development and physiology. Alterations in AR function are central to reproductive disorders, prostate cancer, and Kennedy disease. AR activity is influenced by post-translational modifications, but their role in AR-based diseases is poorly understood. Conjugation by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins at two synergy control (SC) motifs in AR exerts a promoter context-dependent inhibitory role. SC motifs are composed of a four-amino acid core that is often preceded and/or followed by nearby proline or glycine residues. The function of these flanking residues, however, has not been examined directly. Remarkably, several AR mutations associated with oligospermia and androgen insensitivity syndrome map to Pro-390, the conserved proline downstream of the first SC motif in AR. Similarly, mutations at Gly-524, downstream of the second SC motif, were recovered in recurrent prostate cancer samples. We now provide evidence that these clinically isolated substitutions lead to a partial loss of SC motif function and AR SUMOylation that affects multiple endogenous genes. Consistent with a structural role as terminators of secondary structure elements, substitution of Pro-390 by Gly fully supports both SC motif function and SUMOylation. As predicted from the functional properties of SC motifs, the clinically isolated mutations preferentially enhance transcription driven by genomic regions harboring multiple AR binding sites. The data support the view that alterations in AR SUMOylation play significant roles in AR-based diseases and offer novel SUMO-based therapeutic opportunities.