Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transgenic nematodes as a model for Parkinson's disease

Aggregation of the abundant neural protein α-synuclein contributes to cellular toxicity in Parkinson‘s disease. We have created transgenic nematodes carrying fusion constructs encoding human α-synuclein (S) tagged with YFP (V) and/or CFP (C) as a fluorescent marker. Using the unc-54 myosin promoter, a synuclein-YFP (unc-54::SV (NI)) fusion construct was abundantly expressed in the body wall muscles of Caenorhabditis elegans. Permanent integrated lines were successfully generated for unc-54::V (NI), unc-54::S+V (I), unc-54::SC+SV (I), unc-54::C+V (I), and unc-54::CV (I) using gamma irradiation. The outcrossed transgenic synuclein strains were radiation sensitive and have shorter life span and lower pharyngeal pumping compared to wild type N2 and unc-54::V (I) worms. Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) was measured for all the transgenic strains. The unc-54::SC+SV (I) worms showed FRET signals intermediate between the negative (unc-54::C+V (I)) and positive (unc-54::CV (I)) control strains. Confocal images were taken to confirm the presence of FRET. FRET signals increase markedly during early adult life in unc-54::SC+SV (I) worms. RNA interference by feeding was performed in unc-54::SC+SV (I) worms to knock out the Hip-1 co-chaperone function, thereby increasing the FRET signal. unc-54::SC+SV (I) fusion worms were also exposed to pesticides such as chlorpyrifos and rotenone, and we observed an increase in the size and intensity of fluorescent aggregates thereby increasing the FRET signal. Finally we have quantified reactive oxygen species (ROS) for unc-54::SC+SV (I) fusion worms and NL5901 strains by using the H2DCF-DA assay, showing that ROS levels were increased by pesticide exposure.
Contemporary and phanerozoic patterns of global biodiversity

12 Resume 14 Introduction 16 The equilibrium theory of island biogeography and the species-energy theory 16 Equilibrium vs. non-equilibrium theories 18 Quantifying the effects of isolation 21 Log vs. power transformation 22 From species richness to paleodiversity 23 The quality of the continental fossil record 27 Magnetic polarity reversals and extinction-origination dynamics 28 The Phanerozoic Time Synchronization Chart 30 The Distant Solar Companion Theory 32 References 34 Chapter 1 41 A global model of island biogeography Abstract 42 Introduction 43 Methods 46 Results 51 Discussion 56 References 60 Tables and figures 64 Appendix I: Sources of bird species richness data 76 Sources for weather data 80 Chapter 2 82 A unified model of avian species richness on islands and continents Abstract 83 Introduction 84 Methods 88 Results 92 Discussion 96 References 104 Tables and figures 111 Appendix I: Sources of continental bird species richness data 124 Electronic data resources 128 Appendix II: A global model predicting log-transformed bird species richness 130 Appendix III: Regional data subsets used for SAR slope comparisons 132 Chapter 3 134 Relative and absolute completeness of the continental fossil record Abstract 135 Introduction 136 Methods 137 Results 140 Discussion 145 References 149 Tables and figures 154 Chapter 4 165 A global relationship between variation in fossil richness and magnetic polarity reversals Abstract 166 Introduction 167 Methods 169 Results 173 Discussion 177 References 182 Tables and figures 789 Appendix I: Time scale adjustment 199 Chapter 5 201 Supercyclicity over the Lower Paleozoic, the Upper Paleozoic and the Mesozoic Abstract 202 Introduction 203 The Phanerozoic Time Synchronization Chart 206 Supercyclicity in magnetic polarity reversal frequency 213 Randomization tests for habitat specific fossil metrics 213 Combined habitat fossil metrics 216 Discussion 217 References 222 Tables and figures 226 Appendix I: List of stratigraphic stages and classification criteria 247 Appendix II: Half-cycle category as a predictor in multiple regressions 250 Chapter 6 252 An astronomical model of the variation in paleodiversity Preface 253 A multidisciplinary binary model 254 Cyclicity at multiple scales 255 Proposed orbital periods and their implications 258 References 261 Tables and figures 263 Conclusion 266 The effects of interactions on avian of richness 266 A multivariate approach to model fossil diversity 270 The Phanerozoic signature 272 References 274
Response of coriander to salinity stress

Salinity in the soil and irrigation water is an environmental problem and a major constraint for crop production. Coriandrum sativum as a leafy vegetable is great interest for vegetable producers in the world. However, due to gradual increase in soil and water salinity, especially in Northwest Iran, the production of this vegetable has been faced with many constraints. This experiment was conducted to study the effect of salinity on some morphological and physiological traits of Coriandrum sativum. The factors were arranged as factorial based on randomized complete block design with five NaCl levels (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM NaCl) and local ecotypes (Tabriz, Malayer) with three replications. The results revealed that there was interaction of salinity levels with ecotypes in terms of proline content and relative water content. The highest amounts for proline content (77 µg-1 FWt) was recorded for Tabriz clone under 200mM NaCl. The greatest relative water content was obtained by Tabriz clone × NaCl 0 and Malayer × NaCl 0 and 50 mM combinations. The highest dry weight of leaves, K+/Na+ ratio and K+ belonged to the non-salinity condition. Highest amounts of Na+ accumulation, MDA and H2O2 level and ion leakage were attained with 200 mM NaCl level. Soluble sugars content were affected by both salinity and ecotype. The highest content of soluble sugars was achieved by Malayer ecotype. With increasing salinity level, the content of soluble sugars increased and the highest amount of soluble sugars content was recorded at 200 mM NaCl.
Phylogenetics of Baleen Whales

At present, there are 15 species of baleen whales that belong to the monophyletic suborder Mysticeti. The family-level designations of Balaenidae (right and bowhead whales) and Neobalaenidae (pygmy right whales) are strongly supported and well resolved. However, family-level designations and inter-relationships among the remaining species and genera of Balaenopteridae (rorquals) and Eschrichtiidae (grey whales) are less well resolved. Taxonomic relationships vary between studies, reconstruction methods and marker types, despite strong morphological support for the placement of Eschrichtiidae as a sister group to the Balaenopteridae. This phylogenetic uncertainty appears to have originated from a rapid Miocene radiation of both families, which has resulted in incomplete sorting of genetic lineages and therefore conflicting phylogenetic signals among nuclear and mitochondrial loci. The earliest radiation of baleen whales (suborder Mysticeti) occurred in the Late Eocene. The fossil record of subsequent species diversifications has been strongly correlated with changes in fossil diatom diversity and isotopic oxygen levels over time.
A study of pattern of orthopedic injuries among patients attending an emergency department of Civil Service Hospital, Kathmandu Nepal

Introduction: Trauma is a common worldwide problem which has detrimental effect in the public health. It is one of the several prevailing causes of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to reveal the existing nature of orthopedic injuries as seen in the emergency department and to identify potential areas of improvement for the enhancement of trauma research. Method: This study has been conducted prospectively. All the physical trauma patients visiting the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital over the period of one year were included in study. The population of the study included patients with all kinds of orthopedic injuries. Data was entered in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 16) to analyze, and the result of is obtained in terms of mean (percentage), appropriate plots, and chart where appropriate. The cases with pathological fracture, patients with end stage chronic diseases, and post-operative state were excluded from the study. Results: Total of 2823 orthopedic injury patients visited the emergency in a year, which comprised 15.46% of total emergency Patients. The gender distribution was 68.4% males and 31.6% female. Only 9.8% of the patients arrived to hospital on ambulance. 34.4% of the cases arrived within one hour of trauma incident. Fall was the most common cause of injuries(40.1%) followed by road traffic accident (34.6%). The study revealed that the most common injury was fracture (33.7%), followed by sprain & strain (26.0%), laceration (19.2%), contusion with intact skin (10.0%) and dislocation (9.1%). Commonly associated visceral injury was the head injury in 12.4% cases, followed by thoracic injuries in 10.8%, abdominal injuries in 1.7 % cases. Emergency department team alone treated and discharged 54.1% patients, whereas the remaining 45.9 % patients required specialized evaluation and treatment by other departments. Total 18.2 % patients were referred to other centers for further specialized treatment like neurosurgery, CTVS consultation, for ICU facility, for vacant admission bed, and on their wish to go to other center for further treatment. Conclusion: Fall injury and road traffic accident were the most common cause of trauma. Younger adults in their active period of life were found to be involved more in physical trauma incident. In addition to the healthcare improvement, road safety regulations should also be strengthened and enforced, which can save more lives and reduce the severity and duration of the illness.
Caenorhabditis elegans un modèle d’étude des différents compartiments du noyau : de l’étude d’un stress du nucléole par inhibition de la voie de neddylation à la mesure de la compaction de la chromatine in vivo

NEDD8, molecule de la famille de l’ubiquitine est essentielle au developpement, a la croissance et a la viabilite d’un organisme, de plus c’est une cible prometteuse en therapeutique. Nous avons decouvert que l’inhibiteur specifique de la NEDDylation, MLN4924 altere la morphologie sans fragmentation et augmente la surface du nucleole de cellules humaines et de noyaux de la lignee germinale de Caenorhabditis elegans. Une approche de proteomique quantitative (SILAC) combine a l’analyse de la production des ARNr et des ribosomes montrent que MLN4924 change la composition proteique du nucleole sans affecter l’activite transcriptionnelle de l’ARN pol I. Notre analyse montre que MLN4924 active p53 par la voie RPL11/RPL5-Mdm2 caracteristique d’un stress du nucleole. Cette etude identifie le nucleole comme une cible interessante dans l’utilisation d’inhibiteurs de la NEDDylation et apporte un nouveau mecanisme d’activation de p53 par inhibition de la voie NEDD8.Dans une seconde etude nous avons adapte la methode de FLIM-FRET (« Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy – Forster Resonance Energy Transfer ») a l’etude de la compaction de la chromatine a l’echelle du nanometre dans un organisme vivant. Le nematode Caenorhabditis elegans s’est revele etre un modele de choix. Au sein des chromosomes meiotiques, nous avons identifie differentes regions de compaction, de niveau variable par mesure du FRET entre histones fusionnees a des proteines fluorescentes. Par une approche originale d’ARN interference et injection d’un « extra-chromosome » nous avons defini l’architecture a une nano-echelle de differents etats de l’heterochromatine et montre que cette organisation est controlee par les proteines HP1 « Heterochromatin Protein 1 » et SETDB1, une proteine « H3-Lysine 9 methyl transferase ». Nous avons egalement montre que la compaction de l’heterochromatine est dependante des condensines I et II et plus particulierement la condensine I controle l’etat faiblement compacte de la chromatine.Nos travaux ont confirme que C. elegans est un modele d’interet majeur pour l’etude des compartiments nucleaires et parfaitement adapte pour des etudes pre-clinique.
The Effects of L-Carnitine on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Oxidative Liver and Intestinal Damage in Rats

ABS TRACT Ob jec ti ve: Cyclop hosp ha mi de (CP) is among the most com monly used an ti-can cer and im mu no sup pres sant drugs. The ef fi cacy of this agent of ten is li mi ted by se ve re si de ef fects and to xic con di ti ons. The pre sent ex pe ri men tal study was un der ta ken to de ter mi ne whet her L-car ni ti ne (LCAR), as a po tent an ti o xi dant com po und, co uld ame li o ra te CP-in du ced oxi da ti ve li ver and in testi nal in jury. Ma te ri al and Met hods: Thirty-two Wis tar rats we re di vi ded in to fo ur (con trol, CP, CP + LCAR and LCAR) gro ups each con ta i ning 8 rats. The an ti o xi dant agent LCAR or sa li ne was gi ven to rats for 5 days af ter ad mi nis tra ti on of a sing le do se of CP. On the sixth day, rats we re sac ri fi ced and li ver and ile um tis su e samp les we re ob ta i ned and sto red to me a su re re du ced glu tat hi o ne (GSH) and ma lon di al dehy de (MDA) le vels, mye lo pe ro xi da se (MPO) and su pe ro xi de dis mu ta se (SOD) acti vi ti es. Re sults: CP dec re a sed GSH le vel and SOD ac ti vity and in cre a sed MDA le vels and MPO acti vity in the li ver and in tes ti nal tis su e ho mo ge na tes. The se chan ges ex cept in tes ti nal SOD ac ti vity we re sig ni fi cantly re ver sed by LCAR tre at ment. Alt ho ugh in tes ti nal SOD ac ti vity in cre a sed with LCAR tre at ment com pa red to the CP gro up, this in cre a se was not sig ni fi cant. Conc lu si on: Our results de mons tra ted that, LCAR co uld ame li o ra te the dep le ti on of GSH and SOD ac ti vi ti es and co uld re du ce the ac ti vi ti es of MPO and le vels of MDA in rat li ver and in tes ti nal tis su es; this ma kes it a po ten ti al proph ylac tic and pre ven ti ve agent aga inst CP-in du ced oxi da ti ve stress. In conc lu si on, the se da ta in di ca te that LCAR may be of the ra pe u tic use in pre ven ting he pa to to xi city and in tes ti nal in jury in pa ti ents re ce i ving che mot he ra pe u tic agents.
Immunomodulating properties of Trino IB immunobooster

Trino IB mixture at a very minimal concentration (0.2 ml) was found not only to protect rats against lethal dose of pathogenic isolates of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus but it is also capable of ameliorating the deleterious effect of very high concentration of sodium arsenite (6 mg/kg body weight) in rat and bird.
Reptiles escamosos (Squamata) del Pleistoceno medio del Norte de la ciudad de Mar del Plata (Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina)

Resumen: En este trabajo se describen restos fosiles de reptiles escamosos del Pleistoceno medio de la costa de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Los materiales fueron encontrados junto a restos de otros microvertebrados (anfibios, mamiferos y aves) en el norte de la Ciudad de Mar del Plata. Se pudo reconocer la presencia de un colubrido indeterminado y Ophiodes sp. Este ultimo hallazgo corresponde al primer registro de un anguido en territorio argentino.
Sodium, chloride, and potassium

Summary Many health professionals and authoritative groups today recommend decreasing dietary intake of sodium from high–sodium content foods and table salt while increasing potassium because such maneuvers should enhance overall health. The sodium content of the body correlates directly with fluid volume. However, many throughout the world unfortunately ingest far more sodium than generally recommended, leading to volume expansion, edema, and elevate blood pressure. The large INTERMAP and Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension clinical investigations corroborate findings from earlier studies like INTERSALT by concluding that higher sodium intakes cause elevated blood pressure leading to many cardiovascular perturbations. On the other hand, too small a circulating volume emanating from low sodium intake can create symptoms/signs ranging from tiredness/low blood pressure to outright disorientation/shock. Conversely, higher potassium intakes are characteristically associated with lower blood pressures and better cardiovascular performance. Nevertheless, high and low circulating potassium can also have profound adverse effects–primarily on depolarization/contraction of the heart. With diminished renal function, even moderate potassium intake can cause serious cardiovascular complications.
75 HIGHLY EFFICIENT AND RELIABLE CHEMICALLY ASSISTED ENUCLEATION METHOD FOR HANDMADE CLONING IN CATTLE AND SWINE

In bovine and porcine nuclear transfer, most traditional enucleation procedures require potentially harmful chromatin staining and UV illumination. The purpose of our work was to find an efficient and reliable chemically-assisted procedure for enucleation connected to the handmade cloning (HMC) technique without chromatin staining. Slaughterhouse-derived oocytes were collected and matured in vitro. At 21 (bovine) or 43 (porcine) h after the start of maturation, cumulus cells were removed with vortexing and oocytes were further incubated in the maturation medium supplemented with 0.5 μg mL−1 demecolcine for 2 h. Subsequently, zonae pellucidae were digested with 2 mg mL−1 pronase in the presence of 10% cattle serum (CS) for 6 to 8 min and washed in HEPES-buffered TCM-199 medium and 20% CS. Bisection was performed in the same medium by hand under a stereomicroscope by using a microblade. A small membrane protrusion observable on the surface of oocytes was used as an orientation point. One-third of the cytoplasm connected to this protrusion was removed, and the cytoplasts and karyoplasts were collected separately. Bovine cytoplasts were used as recipients for HMC experiments (Vajta et al., 2003, Biol. Reprod. 68, 571–578) with fetal fibroblasts as donors, and reconstructed embryos were cultured for 7 days. In Experiment 1 (3 replicates), the possibility of oriented bisection at different time points was determined on a total of 225 bovine oocytes. At 5, 15, 25, 35 and 55 min after the end of pronase digestion 64, 91, 93, 72 and 59% of oocytes had membrane protrusions (P < 0.05 between all groups, SAS Genmod) illustrating the time-dependent manner of the protrusion. In Experiment 2, the efficiency and reliability of enucleation was measured. Bisection was performed between 5 and 35 min after pronase digestion. Subsequently both supposed cytoplasts and karyoplasts were stained with Hoechst and investigated under UV light. In cattle (9 replicates), bisection was successfully performed in 94% (519/552) of oocytes, and 98% (507/517) of those bisected were enucleated, i.e. the chromatin was entirely in the presumptive karyoplast. In swine (3 replicates), 91% (302/331) of oocytes were successfully bisected and 95% (280/296) were enucleated. In Experiment 3 (cattle; 4 replicates), blastocyst per reconstructed embryo rates were 47% (139/293), illustrating the high developmental ability in vitro. Considering that no oocyte selection based on the presence of polar body was performed, the above system seems to be more efficient and reliable than other enucleation methods. Moreover, expensive equipment (inverted fluorescent microscope) and a potentially harmful step (staining and UV illumination) can be eliminated from the HMC without compromising the high in vitro efficiency.
Chromosome analysis in the dioecious cucurbit Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt

Karyotype analysis and meiotic behavior in a dioecious cucurbit Coccinia grandis, carrying heteromorphic sex chromosomes, has been carried out using conventional and fluorochrome dyes. Distinct differences in karyotype formula with 15m+4M+2sm+2m: sm+1m: st for male plant and 14m+6M+2sm+2m: st for female plant were observed with orcein staining. In both cases one autosome pair with two constrictions was present. Male plants are seen to possess a heteromorphic Y chromosome with two constrictions which is sufficiently larger than other small sized chromosomes. Giemsa followed by CMA/ DAPI staining through EMA method applied for the first time in this dioecious species, revealed CMApositive signals in different chromosomes. Detailed meiotic analysis has been carried out from diakinesis and metaphase I to establish genomic stability.
Source tracking of faecal indicator bacteria of human pathogens in bathing waters : an evaluation and development

iii Table of contents . iv List of Figures . xii List of Tables.xiii List of abbreviations . xx Acknowledgements . xxvii Dedication. xxviii Author’s Declaration . xxix Chapter One . 1 General introduction and literature review . 1 1.
Principles and Applications of Soil Microbiology

I. HABITAT AND ORGANISMS. 1. Introduction and Historical Perspective. 2. The Soil Habitat. 3. Bacteria and Archaea. 4. Fungi. 5. Eukaryotic Algae and Cyanobacteria. 6. Protozoa and Nematodes. 7. Viruses. 8. Microbial Ecology. 9. Molecular Genetic Analysis in Soil Ecology. II. MICROBIALLY MEDIATED TRANSFORMATIONS IN SOIL. 10. Microbial Metabolism. 11. Carbon Transformations and Soil Organic Matter Formation. 12. Transformation of Nitrogen. 13. Biological Dinitrogen Fixation: Introduction and Nonsymbiotic. 14. Biological Dinitrogen Fixation: Symbiotic. 15. Transformations of Sulfur. 16. Transformations of Other Elements. III. APPLIED ENVIRONMENTAL TOPICS. 17. The Rhizosphere and Spermosphere. 18. Mycorrhizal Symbioses. 19. Biological Control of Soilborne Plant Pathogens and Nematodes. 20. Biochemistry and Metabolism of Xenobiotic Chemicals. 21. Bioremediation of Contaminated Soils. 22. Composting of Organic Wastes. 23. Global Gases. Glossary/Index.
Isolasi Senyawa Sitotoksik dari Spons Laut Petrosia sp.

Penelitian tentang kandungan senyawa kimia spon laut Petrosia sp. yang berasal dari Sumatera Barat telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan menguji aktivitas sitotoksis senyawa kimia tersebut. Isolasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan metoda kromatografi kolom dan rekristalisasi. Uji aktivitas sitotoksis senyawa hasil isolasi dilakukan menggunakan metoda “Brine Shrimp Lethality Test”. Penelitian ini menghasilkan satu senyawa golongan triterpenoid dengan nilai LC50 124,99 ppm.
Adaptive Plastizität der Oligodendrozyten im visuellen System des Goldfisches und ihre Rolle während der Regeneration verletzter Axone

characterization of E587 antigen: an axonal recognition molecule expressed in the goldfish central nervous system. Plattner H, Stuermer CAO (1998) Identification of reggie-1 and reggie-2 as plasmamembrane-associated intracellular proteins which co-cluster with activated GPI-anchored cell adhesion molecules in non-caveolar micropatches. J Neurobiol (im Druck) • Ankerhold R, Stuermer CAO (1999) Adaptive plasticity of goldfish oligodendrocytes during retinal axon regeneration in vivo. (in Vorbereitung)