Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intracerebral adenosine infusion improves neurological outcome after transient focal ischemia in rats

Abstract In order to elucidate the role of adenosine in brain ischemia, the possible protective effects of adenosine on ischemic brain injury were investigated in a rat model of brain ischemia both in vitro and in vivo. Exogenous adenosine dose-dependently rescued cortical neuronal cells from injury after glucose deprivation in vitro. Adenosine (1 mM) also significantly reduced hypoglycemia/hypoxia-induced glutamate release from the hippocampal slice. In a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), extracellular adenosine concentration was increased immediately after occlusion, and then returned to the baseline by 30 min after reperfusion. Adenosine infusion through a microdialysis probe into the ipsilateral striatum (1 mM adenosine, 2 µl min-1, total 4.5 h from the occlusion to 3 h after reperfusion) showed a significant improvement in the neurological outcome, and about 25% reduction of infarct volume, although the effect did not reach statistical significance, compared with the vehicle-treated group at 20 h after 90 min of MCAO. These results demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of adenosine against ischemic brain injury both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting the possible therapeutic application of adenosine regulating agents, which inhibit adenosine uptake or metabolism to enhance or maintain extracellular endogenous adenosine levels, for stroke treatment. [Neurol Res 2002; 24: 317-323]
Keynote: IoT on the move: The ultimate driving machine as the ultimate mobile thing

Summary form only given. Automotive customers' expectations have significantly changed in the past decade. They are influenced by new technologies such as the high-bandwith mobile Internet and increasingly capable mobile consumer electronics devices. At the same time, urbanization and the necessity for ecological sustainability provoke new demands. Internet based communities are drivers for a developing Shareconomy. It is evident that that the conventional car, whether it is the all mechanical Auto 1.0 or the electronics and driving assistance systems loaded Auto 2.0, will not be able to meet these expectations and demands. The upcoming Auto 3.0 is no longer mobility hardware, but instead integral part of a seamless intermodal mobility chain for individuals. It is connected with the surrounding environment and other modes of transport. It is capable of understanding the mobility requirements of the individual, and it delivers the right information at the right time in order to make the right decisions. For this to work, the Auto 3.0 will need access to all sorts of data that is always current, comprehensive, filtered, and geographically referenced. Important enabling technologies are cross-OEM crowd sourcing of data as well as processing and real-time data analytics in the cloud. The vehicle finally becomes part of the Internet of Things. Benefits that can already today be achieved are for example traffic jam avoidance by enrichment of the navigation map with relevant real-time traffic flow information, reduction of CO2 emissions by anticipatory adaption of engines, power train and recuperation, and extension of the mileage of electric vehicles. The next steps are to open up the systems and to establish market places for the interconnection of different services. Traditionally, the Internet of Things, services realized by combining sensors, computing backends, and apps are part of a single offering and cannot be combined with other services. Platforms such as IFTTT, on the other hand, connect different ecosystems and enable a new class of services. Especially the Auto 3.0 will benefit from such an open platform which allows the implementation of multiplicity of connected and location-based services including data from numerous systems, operators, and stakeholders. Additional potentials in efficiency for future smart cities can be realized by this interconnection of different systems and participants such as vehicles, buildings, urban administration, and utilities. Establishing such a platform is an important objective.
Remote-Sensing Image Scene Classification With Deep Neural Networks in JPEG 2000 Compressed Domain

To reduce the storage requirements, remote-sensing (RS) images are usually stored in compressed format. Existing scene classification approaches using deep neural networks (DNNs) require to fully decompress the images, which is a computationally demanding task in operational applications. To address this issue, in this article, we propose a novel approach to achieve scene classification in Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) 2000 compressed RS images. The proposed approach consists of two main steps: 1) approximation of the finer resolution subbands of reversible biorthogonal wavelet filters used in JPEG 2000 and 2) characterization of the high-level semantic content of approximated wavelet subbands and scene classification based on the learned descriptors. This is achieved by taking codestreams associated with the coarsest resolution wavelet subband as input to approximate finer resolution subbands using a number of transposed convolutional layers. Then, a series of convolutional layers models the high-level semantic content of the approximated wavelet subband. Thus, the proposed approach models the multiresolution paradigm given in the JPEG 2000 compression algorithm in an end-to-end trainable unified neural network. In the classification stage, the proposed approach takes only the coarsest resolution wavelet subbands as input, thereby reducing the time required to apply decoding. Experimental results performed on two benchmark aerial image archives demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly reduces the computational time with similar classification accuracies when compared with traditional RS scene classification approaches (which requires full image decompression).
Beyond Collaborative Filtering: The List Recommendation Problem

Most Collaborative Filtering (CF) algorithms are optimized using a dataset of isolated user-item tuples. However, in commercial applications recommended items are usually served as an ordered list of several items and not as isolated items. In this setting, inter-item interactions have an effect on the list's Click-Through Rate (CTR) that is unaccounted for using traditional CF approaches. Most CF approaches also ignore additional important factors like click propensity variation, item fatigue, etc. In this work, we introduce the list recommendation problem. We present useful insights gleaned from user behavior and consumption patterns from a large scale real world recommender system. We then propose a novel two-layered framework that builds upon existing CF algorithms to optimize a list's click probability. Our approach accounts for inter-item interactions as well as additional information such as item fatigue, trendiness patterns, contextual information etc. Finally, we evaluate our approach using a novel adaptation of Inverse Propensity Scoring (IPS) which facilitates off-policy estimation of our method's CTR and showcases its effectiveness in real-world settings.
Model of a strategic analysis of manufacturing: application of general planning and analysis process methodology

There is a real need for improved management processes to develop manufacturing strategies. The paper studies analysis as a part of the strategic planning process. In order to guarantee effective decision-making, the role of the analysis in the process of planning has to be understood. This phase of the planning process is not getting enough attention from practitioners. This results in decision-making for which quick jumping to solution-seeking is characteristic without appropriate determination of problems before hand. The purpose is to discuss the phases of strategic analysis of manufacturing which is the basis of manufacturing strategy formulation. The aim is to develop a model of process of analysis which will provide managers with a practical approach to improve their operations. Development of a model has to be based on the conceptual frameworks for strategic planning of manufacturing developed in the past theoretical work. Based on the differentiation between two levels of strategic decision-making, the role of strategic analysis in the process of strategic planning at business and functional levels is identified. By taking into account relations between strategic planning processes at both levels and relations between strategic analyses at both levels, we define the purpose and objective of strategic manufacturing planning and consequently the purpose and objective of strategic analysis of manufacturing.
A component-based approach to localization and collision avoidance for mobile multi-agent systems

In the RUNES project a disaster relief tunnel scenario is being developed in which mobile robots are used to restore the radio network connectivity in a stationary sensor network. A component-based software development approach has been adopted. Two components are described in this paper. A localization component that uses ultrasound and dead reckoning to decide the robot positions and a collision avoidance component that ensures that the robots do not collide with each other.
Performance Evaluation of a ‘Sequential‐Batch’ Temperature‐Phased Anaerobic Digestion (TPAD) Scheme for Producing Class A Biosolids

Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the performance and operational stability of a Temperature‐Phased Anaerobic Digestion (TPAD) system modified to operate in the sequential‐batch mode. The system fed with a 40:60 mixture (dry weight) of primary sludge (PS) and waste activated sludge (WAS) at 5.5% solids showed stable performance with minimum variation in operational parameters such as biogas production, VFA to alkalinity ratio, pH, and foam accumulation at system retention times as short as 12 days. The maximum volatile solids removal (VSR) of 52.5% was achieved at a system retention time of 16 days. The system did not show any effects of “shock loading” at the retention times studied and outperformed a “conventional” mesophilic system operated at a longer retention time. The system was effective in reducing the densities of pathogenic indicator organisms in the biosolids to levels lower than those specified by U.S. EPA for Class A designation.
Looking into the genome of Thermosynechococcus elongatus (thermophilic cyanobacteria) with codon selection and usage perspective

Genome analysis of thermophilic cyanobacterium, Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1 revealed factors ruling choices of codons in this organism. Multiple parameters like Nc, GC3s, RSCU, Codon Adaptation Index (CAI), optimal and rare codons, codon-pair context and amino acid usage were analysed and compositional constraint was identified as major factor. Wide range of Nc values for the same GC3 content suggested the role of translational selection. Mutational bias is suggested at synonymous position. Among optimal codons for translation, most were GC-ending. Seven codons (AGA, AGG, AUA, UAA, UAG, UCA and UGA) were found to have least occurrence in the entire genome and except stop codons all were A-ending (exception AGG). Most widely used codon-pair in the genome are G-ending or C-ending and A-ending or U-ending codons make pair with G-ending or C-ending codons. Amino acids which are largely distributed in T. elongatus tend to use G-ending or C-ending codons most frequently. Findings showed cumulative role of translational selection, translational accuracy and gene expression levels with mutational bias as key player in codon selection pattern of this organism.
PRESUMPTIVE LIBERTARIANISM: CAN THE MARKET MODEL SUPPORT LIBERTARIANISM, RATHER

LIBERTARIANISM AS A MORAL AND POLITICAL DOCTRINE is often the target of fierce criticism. Such criticism commonly takes as its starting point features that seem to come into conflict with widely and firmly entrenched moral intuitions. In this article, I will be concerned with a specific problem of that very sort, a problem that recently has been given a potent form by David Sobel: the conflation problem (Sobel 2012; 2013). The problem, in short, is the following: the basic libertarian tenet is full and stringent self-ownership. Transgressing self-ownership is strictly forbidden (or at least “a very big deal”). This implies that one infringement of self-ownership (say, being stabbed) is precisely as forbidden as any other such infringement (say,
Exploring changes in middle-school student lunch consumption after local school food service policy modifications

Abstract Objective This study assessed the impact of changes in school food policy on student lunch consumption in middle schools Methods Two years of lunch food records were collected from students at three middle schools in the Houston, Texas area. During the first year, no changes occurred in the school food environment. After that school year was completed, chips and dessert foods were removed from the snack bars of all schools by the Food Service Director. Students recorded the amount and source of food and beverage items consumed. Point-of-service purchase machines provided a day-by-day electronic data file with food and beverage purchases from the snack bars during the 2-year period. Independent t-tests and time series analyses were used to document the impact of the policy change on consumption and sales data between the two years Results In general, student consumption of sweetened beverages declined and milk, calcium, vitamin A, saturated fat and sodium increased after the policy change. Snack chips consumption from the snack bar declined in year 2; however, consumption of snack chips and candy from vending increased and the number of vending machines in study schools doubled during the study period. Ice cream sales increased significantly in year 2 Conclusions Policy changes on foods sold in schools can result in changes in student consumption from the targeted environments. However, if all environments do not make similar changes, compensation may occur
Imipramine and methylphenidate treatments of hyperactive boys. A double-blind comparison.

A double-blind outpatient study is reported comparing imipramine hydrochloride, methylphenidate hydrochloride, and placebo treatments of 76 hyperactive grade-school boys. In addition, the predrug behavioral evaluation is examined in detail to provide guidelines for clinics examining these children. Base line clinic evaluations showed the usefulness of the psychologist's global estimates of attention and behavior disorder, as these ratings predicted teacher rating of classroom behavior better than did psychiatric playroom observations. Parent four-day diaries of activity and family interaction also predicted teacher ratings and reflected response to stimulant medication. Although the global judgments of psychiatrists, psychologist, and the pediatrician indicated the superiority of both drugs to a placebo, all measures favored the stimulant drug. The significance of these findings may be limited, however, by the dose of imipramine hydrochloride (80 mg) that was lower than in use elsewhere.
Ankle Ligament Tensile Forces at the End Points of Passive Circumferential Rotating Motion of the Ankle and Subtalar Joint Complex

Background: Ankle ligament injuries and instability are commonly observed. Knowledge of the relationship between the foot position and tensile forces of the ankle ligaments could be useful for treatment of ankle ligament disorders. The aim of this study was to measure the tensile forces of the ankle ligaments at the end points of passive circumferential rotating motion of the ankle and subtalar joint complex in various foot positions. Methods: Ligament tensile forces of the anterior talofibular (ATF), calcaneofibular (CF), posterior talofibular (PTF), and tibiocalcaneal (TC) ligaments were measured simultaneously in eight cadaver specimens, with a force probe in each ligament in a custom-made ankle ligament testing device. Weights of 0.5 kg and 1 kg were applied to the foot through a loading arm to provide axial compression and a bending moment to the foot and ankle. The position of the loading arm was changed circumferentially in 10-degree increments. Results: Maximal tensile force in the ATF ligament was observed in supination with plantarflexion (108 ± 62.8 N at 0.5 kg and 130 ± 39.1 N at 1 kg). The maximal tensile force in the CF ligament was observed in pronation with plantarflexion (68 ± 48.6 N at 0.5 kg and 135 ± 92.9 N at 1 kg). The maximal tensile force in the PTF ligament was observed in dorsiflexion (131 ± 80.1 N at 0.5 kg and 109 ± 36.3 N at 1 kg). The maximal tensile force of the TC ligament was observed in pronation with plantarflexion (49.0 ± 80.1 N at 0.5 kg and 67.4 ± 69.6 N at 1 kg). Relatively high magnitudes of tensile force were observed in the ankle ligaments, and the peak forces were related to the anatomic position of individual ligaments. Conclusions: The ATF ligament has an important role in the supination position in plantarflexion, CF and TC ligaments also are important for pronation in plantarflexion, and the PTF is an important stabilizer in dorsiflexion. This study provides baseline information for further research related to ligament instability and reconstruction operations.
Metabolic Characterization of Tumor Cell–specific Protoporphyrin IX Accumulation After Exposure to 5‐Aminolevulinic Acid in Human Colonic Cells ¶

5‐Aminolevulinic acid (ALA)–induced protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) fluorescence has been shown to have high tumor cell selectivity in various organs, including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. To better understand and to possibly find new approaches to therapeutic application, we investigated the uptake kinetics and consequent metabolism of ALA and PPIX, respectively. Three colon carcinoma (CaCo2, HT29, SW480) and a stromal cell line (fibroblast, CCD18) were chosen to mimic important aspects of malignant mucosa of the GI tract. Because differential PPIX concentrations in these cell lines represented the in vivo observations (ratio tumor vs normal 10:1–20:1), we analyzed the ALA uptake, mitochondrial properties and key molecules of PPIX metabolism (porphobilinogen deaminase [PBGD], ferrochelatase [FC], iron content, transferrin receptor content). The tumor‐preferential PPIX accumulation is strongly influenced, but not solely determined, by activity differences between the PPIX‐producing PBGD and the PPIX‐converting FC, when compared with fibroblasts. Tumor‐specific PPIX accumulation is generated by ALA conversion rather than by initial ALA uptake because no significant overall difference in uptake (about 0.6 μg ALA/mg protein) of ALA is seen. In conclusion, further research of tumor cell selectivity of PPIX fluorescence should focus on the mechanisms responsible for an altered PPIX metabolism to find tumor‐specific target molecules, thus leading to an improved clinical practicability of ALA application and consequent endoscopy.
High-Resolution Channel Estimation for Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Assisted MmWave Communications

In this paper, we study the high-resolution channel estimation problem for intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted millimeter wave (mmWave) multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) communications, which is a prerequisite to guarantee further high-rate data transmission. Considering the typical sparsity of mmWave channels, we formulate the cascaded channel estimation problem from a sparse signal recovery perspective, and then propose a novel two-step cascaded channel estimation protocol to estimate the cascaded user-IRS-base station channel with high-resolution for IRS-assisted mmWave MIMO communications. More specifically, the first step is to estimate the coarse angular domain information (ADI) and further establish the robust uplink by beam training. In the second step, by exploiting the coarse ADI, an adaptive grid matching pursuit (AGMP) algorithm is proposed to estimate the high-resolution cascaded channel state information (CSI) with low complexity. Simulation results verify that the proposed two-step channel estimation protocol significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art scheme, i.e., beam training based channel estimation, and meanwhile can reap near-optimal system performance achieved by perfect CSI.
Polyamine biosynthesis during germination of yeast ascospores

The role of the diamine putrescine during germination and outgrowth of ascospores of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was examined. Ornithine decarboxylase activity increased and declined rapidly during germination and outgrowth; peak activity was attained after the cells had proceeded through the G1 interval of the cell cycle, whereas minimal activity was present at the completion of the first cell division. alpha-Methylornithine inhibited both ornithine decarboxylase activity and the in vivo accumulation of putrescine. In the presence of alpha-methylornithireak dormancy and proceed through one cell division. Subsequent cellular growth, however, was retarded but not completely inhibited. The supplementation of Methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) to sporulation medium greatly inhibited this sexual process. These data suggest that the synthesis of putrescine is not required for the breaking of spore dormancy, but that polyamine biosynthesis may be essential for meiosis and sporulation.
Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology in tuberculous lymphadenitis.

UNLABELLED Sixty-three lymph node aspirates were screened and 32 aspirates revealing granulomatous lymphadenitis with or without caseation necrosis were re-evaluated. The most characteristic morphological features among these cases were epithelioid cell clusters with or without caseation necrosis. When clusters were thick, careful observation of the periphery of the clusters helped to find epithelioid cells. Caseation necrosis revealed a typical macroscopic and microscopic appearance. Ziehl-Neelsen staining was negative in all smears and histological sections. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification technique was applied to 23 of the cases in which the cytological diagnoses were consistent with tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was demonstrated in 19 (82.60%) cases. IN CONCLUSION (i) it is necessary to perform several aspirations from different sites of the enlarged lymph node; (ii) the diagnosis of 'granulomatous lymphadenitis, consistent with tuberculosis' can be given, even though the acid-fast stains are negative; (iii) additional techniques such as PCR give supportive information; (iv) an open biopsy is recommended if there is a discrepancy with the clinical impression.
Relative impact of respiratory muscle activity on tidal flow and end expiratory volume in healthy neonates

It has been suggested that infants dynamically regulate their tidal flow and end‐expiratory volume level. The interaction between muscle activity, flow and lung volume in spontaneously sleeping neonates is poorly studied, since it requires the assessment of transcutaneous electromyography of respiratory muscles (rEMG) in matched comparison to lung function measurements.