Human Papillomavirus High-Risk Molecular Identification Among Senegalese Women

Background: Human Papillomavirus and cervical cancer have become a major preoccupation for the medical and scientific international communities. Human Papillomavirus leads to precancerous lesions that can evolve in cervical cancer. Senegal is ranked 15th in the world for the incidence of cervical cancer. According to WHO, cervical cancer represented 30% of all deaths by cancer among women, representing the most frequent death by cancer in Senegal, followed by breast cancer (15.5%). The most frequent types of HPV found in cervical cancer are 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 52 and 58. Objectives: The objective of our study is to evaluate, using molecular methods, the prevalence of HPV among Senegalese women and identify risk factors. Materials and Methods: A total of 142 cervicals samples were collected from Senegalese women. The endocervix samples were used for identifying 14 types of HPV-HR of which (16 and 18 specified by their genotype) and (31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68 not specified) using Abbott m2000sp/m2000rt RealTime High Risk HPV. Results: The prevalence of HPV-HR was 12.7%. The 12 types of not specified HPV-HR showed a prevalence of 10.6%. Types 16 and 18 were identified in a respective proportion of 1.4% and 0.7%, no co-infection was identified. The risk of developing HPV-HR infection is independently associated (P ˃ 0.05) with the aspect of the cervix, age, ethnics groups, contraception, and the age first sexual intercourse. However, HPV-HR infection prevalence is significantly higher (P˂0.05) in women that are single/widowed/divorced (41.7%), who went through multiples miscarriage (14.3%), with multiples sexual partner (16.4%), active smoking and alcohol consumption (40%). Conclusion: These results highlight the need for a new preventive vaccine against all HPV-HR. The value of monitoring risk factors for impactful public health address is critical for the screening of HPV-HR in sub-Saharan women. Citation: Faye B, Sarr H, Gueye-Diouf S, Sembène M, Dièye A (2019) Human Papillomavirus High-Risk Molecular Identification Among Senegalese Women. J Mol Genet Med 13: 429. Volume 13 • Issue 3 • 1000429 J Mol Genet Med, an open access journal ISSN: 1747-0862 Page 2 of 6 in order to prevent its persistence activating the viral oncoproteins involved in the production of HPV-HR cancerous transformation of cervical cells. Development of molecular biology made it possible to establish their plurality, their tissue specificity, and their genotypedependent pathogenicity. The diagnosis of HPV infection is based on the detection of viral DNA by molecular hybridization techniques such as [18]: 1. Hybridization of nucleic acids whose hybridization in situ or dot-blot, having low sensitivity and requires a large amount of purified DNA. 2. Signal amplification tests such as hybrid capture 2 (hc2) having limitations in the individual identification of genotypes. 3. Nucleic acid amplification tests such as the Abbott Real-Time High-Risk HPV, a multiplex PCRs with good sensitivity with HPV genotyping abilities. Making it possible to specify the genotype (s) present in the samples and thus detecting coinfections as well [19]. The objective of our study is to increase knowledge of the prevalence, identify risk factors and generate data on HPV-HR types in Senegalese women using Abbott m2000sp/m2000rt with RealTime High-Risk HPV test kit. Specifically, to determine the overall prevalence of HPVHR, genotypes 16 and 18, and other 12 unspecified HPV-HR, and the involvement of sociodemographic risk factors for HPV-HR. Material and Methods