Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CANINE GROOVES: MORPHOLOGY, FUNCTION, AND RELEVANCE TO VENOM

Teeth are staggeringly variable structures, appearing in agnathan fishes before the evolution of jaws and subsequently undergoing a multitude of morphological changes (Smith and Coates, 2000). One major innovation was the development of enlarged canine teeth for prey control and increased oral processing. The appearance in Permian sphenacodontids of this caniniform region represents the very ancient beginnings of heterodonty in vertebrates. Therapsids and cynodonts later developed increasingly heterodont dental patterns, with post-canine teeth differentiating during the Triassic, and later synapsids show a gradual acquisition of the mammalian pattern: incisors, a single canine per quadrant, premolars, and molars. This dental pattern is characterized in mammals by thecodont implantation and a single episode of replacement during an animal’s lifespan (Smith, 2000). Research into the evolution of mammalian teeth has tended to focus on the post-canines and the development of molariform teeth with flattened surfaces and cusps for increased oral processing, but in both living and fossil mammals, canine form can also be extremely variable. Less commonly, some mammals have evolved venom delivery structures as an aid or alternative for subduing prey. The best known and most highly developed venom systems in vertebrates are present not in mammals, however, but in snakes. Squamate dental morphology is largely homodont, with most taxa in possession of a series of continuously replaced conical teeth. Within colubroid snakes, however, many fossil and extant taxa have enlarged and recurved fangs that are either grooved or hollow (Fig. 1) and capable of ejecting venom under high pressure from modified parotid glands and associated muscles in a highly derived venom-injection system (Kuch et al., 2006). This apparently evolved very early in the clade, and is secondarily lost in non-venomous colubroid snakes. A recent paper published in Nature suggested the presence of a venom-delivery system in an extinct mammal from the late Paleocene of Alberta (Fox and Scott, 2005). Here, we present a reinterpretation of this purportedly venomous mammal and explore the variation within vertebrates of canine grooves and associated structures, with particular emphasis on how they may relate to the prevalence and distribution of venom-delivery systems.
Electrical Conductivity Behavior of La0.5Ca0.5Mn0.5Fe0.5O3 Synthetized by the Solid State Reaction

La0.5Ca0. 5Mn0.5Fe0. 5O3 was synthesized using the solid state reaction method. This method consists of two main processes: a milling process and a subsequent thermal treatment. Two samples at different conditions were produced: one using 2 h of milling time and 900°C (M-I), and the other using 6 h of milling time and 1200°C of thermal treatment (M-II). X-ray diffraction analysis indicated, in both cases, an orthorhombic crystalline ordering of the space group Pbnm. For the case of M-I, the material exhibited secondary phases, different than the desired phase; on the contrary, in M-II, these secondary phases were not present. The dielectric response determined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) performed in a temperature range between 20°C and 300°C exhibited a thermally activated semiconductor behavior with activation energies of Eg= 0.11±0.05 eV and Eg= 0.47±0.06 eV for M-I and M-II, respectively.
Predicting solar radiation transmittance in the understory of even-aged coniferous stands in temperate forests

La quantite de lumiere disponible dans le sous-bois des forets affecte de nombreux processus tels que la production de biomasse et la diversite de la vegetation, la regeneration des arbres et la morphogenese des plantes. Predire cette quantite sans avoir a effectuer de mesures de lumiere delicates et couteuses serait donc d'un grand interet pour differents utilisateurs et chercheurs. Le rayonnement solaire global transmis a ete mesure avec des solarimetres dans le sous-bois de 204 parcelles de peuplements reguliers de quatre especes de conifere (Pseudotsuga menziesii, Picea abies, Larix sp. et Pinus sylvestris) dans diverses conditions ecologiques et de gestion en climat tempere. A partir de ces donnees et en utilisant le formalisme de la loi de Beer-Lambert, plusieurs modeles ont ete bâtis et ajustes simulant la transmission de l'eclairement sous couvert en fonction des caracteristiques dendrometriques simples des peuplements etudiees et de leur gestion : surface terriere et âge du peuplement, duree depuis la derniere eclaircie et intensite de celle-ci. Ces outils pourraient etre facilement utilises par les gestionnaires forestiers pour estimer le niveau d'eclairement sous couvert et ainsi adapter leur sylviculture a divers objectifs.
Physicochemical properties of char derived from palm fatty acid distillate

The present work was aimed to evaluate the physiochemical properties of chars derived from palm fatty acid distillate. The palm fatty acid distillate was heat-treated at 500 °C and 600 °C in a muffle furnace for 0.5 h, and the resultant products were characterized for elemental composition, surface functional groups, thermogravimetric profile and methylene blue adsorption. Results show that the char samples are rich in carbon content with unique surface functional groups that could be useful in the liquid-phase adsorption. The solid chars depict a thermally stable profile with the increase of temperature during the heat treatment. The char demonstrated the maximum removal of methylene blue of 7.6 mg/g and obeyed the monolayer-trend adsorption of Langmuir isotherm. The findings concluded that the palm fatty acid distillate-based char could be an adsorbent candidate for the removal of methylene blue.
A BEHAVIORAL FINANCE PERSPECTIVE OF THE EFFICIENT MARKET HYPOTHESIS

Nowadays, a central theme in the finance and economic theory is market efficiency. After several decades of research, economists have not yet reached a consensus about the existence of efficient financial markets in terms of information. In the problematized approaches regarding the treated subject, one can find the inquiries on the validity of assumptions underlying the informational efficiency theory of the financial market. The emerging discipline of behavioral economics and finance has challenged the EMH hypothesis, arguing that markets are not rational, but are driven by fear and greed instead. The paper proposes a critical analysis, based on consistency criteria, regarding the controversed current state of the informational efficiency theory of the capital market. In this sense, the critical approach is one that shows the weaknesses, the vulnerable aspects that characterize the classical form of EMH theory. Also, the paper highlights the most signicant criticisms levelled against EMH by psychologists and behavioral economists.
A New Strategy of the Bag-of-Word Method with a Multi-scale Representation for Evaluating Color Pairwise Descriptors

In the field of image categorization, the Bag-Of-Word has proved to be successful. It treats local image features as visual words. After collecting all local features, each image is represented by a histogram of occurrences of visual words. In this work, we propose an extension to the Bag-Of-Words (BOW) by integrating the spatial relationships information between local features. In a first step, we extract local features by using both multi-scale representation and color descriptors based on HSV-SIFT, opponent-SIFT, RGB-SIFT, rg-SIFT and transformed-color-SIFT. In a second step, and in order to represent the relationships between local features, we form pairwise color descriptors by joining pairs of spatially neighbor SIFT color features. In a third step, we encode the histograms which involve the occurrence of pairwise color descriptors by applying the BOW strategy and the Spatial Pyramid Representation (SPR). Finally, image classification is carried out by using Support Vector Machine (SVM) on the generated histograms. Our proposed method is tested and validated using the standard image datasets “Pascal Voc 2007”
Intensity based image registration of satellite images using evolutionary techniques

Image registration is the fundamental image processing technique to determine geometrical transformation that gives the most accurate match between reference and floating images. Its main aim is to align two images. Satellite images to be fused for numerous applications must be registered before use. The main challenges in satellite image registration are finding out the optimum transformation parameters. Here in this work the non-alignment parameters are considered to be rigid and affine transformation. An intensity based satellite image registration technique is being used to register the floating image to the native co-ordinate system where the normalized mutual information (NMI) is taken as the similarity metric for optimizing and updating transform parameters. Because of no assumptions are made regarding the nature of the relationship between the image intensities in both modalities NMI is very general and powerful and can be applied automatically without prior segmentation on a large variety of data and as well works better for overlapped images as compared to mutual information(MI). In order to get maximum accuracy of registration the NMI is optimized using Genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization and hybrid GA-PSO. The random initialization and computational complexity makes GA oppressive, whereas weak local search ability with a premature convergence is the main drawback of PSO. Hybrid GA-PSO makes a trade-off between the local and global search in order to achieve a better balance between convergence speed and computational complexity. The above registration algorithm is being validated with several satellite data sets. The hybrid GA-PSO outperforms in terms of optimized NMI value and percentage of mis-registration error.
Couples between co-residence and living apart together: multi-residence of partners and part-time couples. The case of France

With the increasing diversity of family situations, more people now “usually” live in more than one dwelling. In two previous papers, we estimated the proportion of people living in two dwellings in Australia and France, and the transition probabilities into and out from multi-residence, at the individual level. The aim of this paper is to identify not only cohabiting couples and living-apart-together couples, but also “part-time-cohabiting couples”, where partners are partly living together, one or both of them commuting between different households. We base our paper on a largescale survey, the EU-SILC in France, where people are followed annually. We use the three first waves, which took place in 2004, 2005 and 2006. The significance of “part-time cohabiting couple” and living-apart-together situations heavily depends on whether they are long-lasting or transitory. We describe the transitions between the different couple situations, in order to better understand their dynamics.
Response of plant parts and age on the distribution of secondary metabolites on plants found in Quetta.

Eight plant species belonging to 7 different families were collected from Botanical Garden, University of Balochistan, Quetta. Their leaves and stem was separately oven dried, powdered and analyzed for the arbitrary level of alkaloids, saponins, tannins and total phenolic contents in their young and old plant parts of leaves and stem. Results showed that leaves and stem of all plant species contained alkaloids. Their level in leaves was comparatively greater over the stem of the same plant species. Generally young plant parts contained greater level of alkaloids as compared to old parts. Results also showed that most of the plants are either lacking saponin, or if present are in a least quantity. However, it was noted that the level of saponin were comparatively found greater in stem over their respective leaves. Aged plant parts usually contained greater level of saponins. Results further revealed that except of Tamarex aphylla, all other remaining plant species are generally lacking tannins. The quantitative analysis of total phenolic contents also revealed that old leaves contained high level of phenolic contents as compared to old stem, while young leaves and stem showed mix trend towards the total phenolic contents. Minimum quantity of total phenolic contents (120 µg/g) was found in young leaves of Nerium oleander, while young leaves and stem of Rhododendron sp. , contained maximum phenolic contents (340 µg/g) among all test plants. Whereas, all other remaining plant species produced 123-308 µg/g phenolic contents. These secondary metabolites (chemical defenses) are likely to have come about as a consequence of natural selection, as only that can protect themselves from predators are likely to survive to breed. The present findings might be useful to optimize the processing methodology of wild-harvested material to obtain increased concentration of these secondary metabolites. This then could be used as a natural source of pesticides.
IMAGING SURVEY OF SUBSYSTEMS IN SECONDARY COMPONENTS TO NEARBY SOUTHERN DWARFS

To improve the statistics of hierarchical multiplicity, secondary components of wide nearby binaries with solar-type primaries were surveyed at the SOAR telescope for evaluating the frequency of subsystems. Images of 17 faint secondaries were obtained with the SOAR Adaptive Module that improved the seeing; one new 0. ″2 binary was detected. For all targets, photometry in the g′, i′, z′ bands is given. Another 46 secondaries were observed by speckle interferometry, resolving 7 close subsystems. Adding literature data, the binarity of 95 secondary components is evaluated. We found that the detection-corrected frequency of secondary subsystems with periods in the well-surveyed range from 103 to 105 days is 0.21 ± 0.06—same as the normal frequency of such binaries among solar-type stars, 0.18. This indicates that wide binaries are unlikely to be produced by dynamical evolution of N-body systems, but are rather formed by fragmentation.
Economic Activity and financial institutional risk : an empirical analysis for the banking industry

The main objective of this article is to evaluate t he effect of the increase in capitalization on risk appetite and to show empiric al evidence for the output-financial institutional risk trade-off in the Brazilian econo my. Hence, an analysis based on dynamic panel data taking into account 73 banks and a vector autoregression analysis for the period from 2001 to 2008 is made. The findi ngs denote that banks which adopt riskier strategies reach higher profitability. More v r, the results suggest that the banking regulation is an important instrument for r eaching the balance between the economic growth and the low exposition to the risk of banking firms in markets such as the Brazilian.
I N T E G R A L I S M AS A SOCIAL M O V E M E N T

Integral ism is a theore t i ca l perspect ive and research agenda wh i ch encompasses all o f the socia l sc iences . The foundat ion of this sys tem of thought is an on to l ogy and ep is temo logy wh i ch comb ines the senses, reason and faith in to a ha rmon ious perspect ive . T h e essential character is t ics o f integral ism have been desc r ibed in prev ious ar t ic les (Jeffries 1999, 2001 , 2003 ; Johns ton 1996, 2001) . Th is ar t ic le fu r the r ex tends the analysis o f integral ism and serves as the in t roduc t ion t o a sympos ium o n var ious aspects of the integral paradigm. In this ar t ic le , fac tors that shou ld be cons ide red in unders tand ing h o w integral ism can be deve loped in to a successful s choo l o f thought in the social sc iences are ident i f ied. Integralism is v iewed as an approach t o the nature and pract ice o f socia l sc ience. It is also v iewed as the basis fo r t rans fo rming these sc iences. F r o m the perspect ive of its potent ia l t o change the social sc iences, the nature and ro le of integral ism as a socia l m o v e m e n t is cons ide red . W r i t i n g s in the soc io logy o f sc ience f o r m a basis fo r this analysis.
AN IMPURITY IN A BEC IN A DOUBLE WELL POTENTIAL STEADY STATE AND DYNAMICAL PROPERTIES OF AN IMPURITY IN A BEC IN A DOUBLE WELL POTENTIAL

The subject of this work is the theoretical analysis of the mean-field and many-body properties of an impurity in a Bose-Einstein condensate in a double well potential. By investigating the stationary mean-field properties we show that a critical value of the boson-impurity interaction energy, Wc, corresponds to a pitchfork bifurcation in the number difference variable in the mean-field theory. Comparing Wc to the value of W where the many-body ground state wave function begins to split shows a direct correlation signaling a connection between the many-body and mean-field theories. Investigation of the mean-field dynamics shows that chaos emerges for W > Wc in the vicinity of an unstable equilibrium point generated by the pitchfork bifurcation. An entropy is defined to quantify the chaos and compared to the entanglement entropy between the BEC and the impurity. The mean-field entropy shows a large gradient at Wc whereas the entanglement entropy shows no apparent features around the same value of W . An increase in correlations between nearest neighbour many-body eigenvalues is seen as W is increased providing evidence for “quantum chaos”.
Optically guided linear Mach-Zehnder atom interferometer

We demonstrate a horizontal, linearly guided Mach Zehnder atom interferometer in an optical waveguide. Intended as a proof-of-principle experiment, the interferometer utilises a Bose-Einstein condensate in the magnetically insensitive |F=1,mF=0> state of Rubidium-87 as an acceleration sensitive test mass. We achieve a modest sensitivity to acceleration of da = 7x10^-4 m/s^2. Our fringe visibility is as high as 38% in this optically guided atom interferometer. We observe a time-of-flight in the waveguide of over half a second, demonstrating the utility of our optical guide for future sensors.
Holocene wild fi re history and human activity from high-resolution charcoal and elemental black carbon records in the Guanzhong Basin of the Loess Plateau , China

High-resolution sedimentary charcoal and black carbon (BC, including char and soot) records from a loessesoil profile, combined with magnetic susceptibility, d13C of soil organic matter of analyses, pollen counts and other paleoenvironmental proxies reveal past fire patterns and landscape evolution over the past 12,000 years. Results from the analyses of charcoal and BC influx show that regional fire activity was high in the early and late Holocene, whereas fire was less frequent and pervasive in the middle Holocene. Locally, fires were infrequent near the study site until the Late Holocene. Soot and char analyses do not parallel changes in charcoal variability, and thus appear to reflect either a different aspect of fire activity or else these data are registering aspects of particle transportation and deposition in addition to fire
Fribrinolytic activity and gas production by Pleurotus ostreatus-IE 8 and Fomes fomentarius-EUM 1 in bagasse cane Actividad fibrolítica y producción de gas por Pleurotus ostreatus-IE 8 y Fomes fomentarius-EUM 1 en bagazo de caña

Objective. To characterize the fibrolytic enzymatic activity of Pleurotus ostreatus-IE8 and Fomes fomentarius-EUM1 in sugarcane bagasse (BCA); to evaluation of the kinetics of in vitro production of BCA treated by solid fermentation (FS), crude enzyme extract (ECE) of P. ostreatus-IE8 and Fibrozyme®. Materials and methods. In fungi measured radial growth rate ( Vcr ) and biomass production in two culture media (with or without nitrogen source); activity of xylanases, cellulases and FS on BCA at 0, 7 and 15 d. The chemical analysis and kinetic analysis of in vitro gas production in 4 treatments (ECE adding enzymes obtained from the direct addition FS or FS ), witness (Fibrozyme®) and a control without addition and analyzed by a was completely randomized design. Results. Xylanases (7 d ) showed 6.32 and 5.50 UI g-1 initial substrate dry weight (SSi) for fungi P. ostreatus-IE8 and F. fomentarius-EUM1 , respectively ; P. ostreatus-IE8 scored higher activity of laccases (10.65 g -1 UI SSi) and F. fomentarius-EUM1 (1.90 UI g-1 SSi) cellulases. The ECE of P. ostreatus-IE8 and commercial enzyme did not differences (p>0.05). In the chemical composition or the gas production kinetics. The 4 treatments evaluated decreased values of the variables measured in the kinetics of gas production compared to the control (p≤0.05). Conclusions. The ECE of P. ostreatus-IE8 was similar to commercial enzyme degradation in vitro, so it is feasible to use pre-digest high fiber products.
Performance of carrier frequency offset estimation in MC-CDMA systems over frequency selective fading channels

Multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) systems are more sensitive to the carrier frequency offset than single-carrier systems. Carrier frequency offset destroys the orthogonality among subcarriers in MC-CDMA systems and degrades the system performance seriously. To mitigate the effect of carrier frequency offset, it should be estimated and compensated before demodulation. A blind MUSIC-like estimation algorithm for MC-CDMA systems is studied in this paper. The MUSIC-like algorithm exploits the inherent orthogonality between information bearing carriers and virtual carriers to estimate the carrier frequency offset. The performance of the estimation is evaluated over frequency-selective fading channels in this paper. From the simulation results, the MUSIC-like estimation algorithm is effective in MC-CDMA systems over frequency-selective fading channels.
Submicron active-passive integration for InP-based membranes on silicon

The high vertical index contrast and the small thickness of InP-based membrane structures bonded with BCB on Silicon allow the realization of very small devices. Since photonic integrated circuits consist of both passive and active components, a successful active-passive integration with sub-micrometer active regions is an essential step. In this paper we will present our results on active-passive integration with sub-micrometer active areas. The interference of active and passive area shows a good quality in terms of morphology. Moreover we find that in the sub-micrometer size active area, the degradation of the material(InGaAsP QWs) due to clean room processing is limited.
Comparison of Effectiveness of Four Open Boundary Conditions for Incompressible Unbounded Flows

Four open boundary conditions for incompressible unbounded flows are evaluated in the framework of the Leith type third-order upwind scheme (QUICKEST scheme), and the effectiveness of each is compared by two means: the difference of flows among open boundary conditions, and between short and long open boundaries. Three test problems used for the open boundary condition evaluation are the backward-facing step flow, the blunt based body flow and the rectangular cylinder obstacle flow in a channel. The investigated open boundary conditions are (1) the one first used by Thoman and Szewczyk (1966), (2) the one proposed by Mehta and Lavan (1975), (3) the Sommerfeld radiation condition first used by Orlanski (1976), and (4) the Sommerfeld radiation condition used by Bottaro (1990) and Kobayashi et al. (1993). In (3), Orlanski proposed a method which numerically evaluates the phase speed at the closest interior points every time. In (4), Bottaro and Kobayashi et al. proposed taking the mean channel velocity as the phase speed. The author proposes taking the uniform inlet velocity as the phase speed. As the conclusion, we show that (4) is the optimum open boundary condition of the four conditions. The effects of several values of constant phase speed are shown.