Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mixed Self-Assembled Amphiphilic Polymeric Nanoparticles for Intranasal Drug Delivery

: Intranasal (i.n.) administration became an alternative strategy to bypass the blood-brain barrier and improve drug bioavailability in the brain. The main goal of this work was to preliminarily study the biodistribution of mixed amphiphilic mucoadhesive nanoparticles made of chitosan- g -poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(vinyl alcohol)- g -poly(methyl methacrylate) and ionotropically crosslinked with sodium tripolyphosphate in the brain after intravenous (i.v.) and i.n. administration to Hsd:ICR mice. After i.v. administration, the highest nanoparticle accumulation was detected in the liver, among other peripheral organs. After i.n. administration of a 10-times smaller nanoparticle dose, the accumulation of the nanoparticles in off-target organs was much lower than after i.v. injection. In particular, the accumulation of the nanoparticles in the liver was 20 times lower than by i.v. When brains were analyzed separately, intravenously administered nanoparticles accumulated mainly in the “top” brain , reaching a maximum after 1h. Conversely, in i.n. administration, nanoparticles were detected in the “bottom” brain and the head (maximum reached after 2 h) owing to their retention in the nasal mucosa and could serve as a reservoir from which the drug is released and transported to the brain over time. Overall results indicate that i.n. nanoparticles reach similar brain bioavailability, though with a 10-fold smaller dose, and accumulate in off-target organs to a more limited extent and only after redistribution through the systemic circulation. At the same time, both administration routes seem to lead to differential accumulation in brain regions and thus, they could be beneficial in the treatment of different medical conditions.
Mental health mobile application usage in young adults with a family history of mental illness

Abstract Objective Young adults with a family history of mental illness are at increased risk of developing mental disorders. The current study aimed to assess how young at‐risk individuals use mental health applications (MHAs) in comparison with those not at‐risk, and whether these groups differed in the types of MHAs used, how helpful they found MHAs, and their reasons for and against using MHAs. Method An online survey was conducted where young adults aged 18–30-years (N = 525; 389 female) were asked about their immediate family history of any diagnosis of any mental illness and their use of MHAs. The responses were analysed using chi‐square tests of independence. Results Young adults with a family history of mental illness (N = 271) were more likely to report using MHAs and more likely to use MHAs for mental wellbeing than those who did not have a family history of mental illness. They were also more likely not to use MHAs if they were not useful or did not want to use them. Individuals who identified as “other” genders were also more likely to use MHAs while males were less likely to use MHAs. Conclusions MHAs may be a viable avenue to engage at‐risk individuals in targeted treatment and suggests the need to develop apps tailored to this population. It is recommended that future research explores the efficacy of MHAs in reducing psychiatric symptomatology in the at‐risk population, and how apps may be used by clinicians most effectively as part of treatment.
Inactivation of ntcA gene revealed differential proteome expression and induction of some hypothetical proteins in the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 and its derivative ntcA mutant under different levels of calcium

Abstract Calcium is an important macronutrient for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It acts as an important second messenger mediating rapid response to environmental conditions. The present investigation deals with proteome profiling of Anabaena 7120 and its derivative ntcA mutant in response to varied calcium doses (0, 1 and 10 mM CaCl2). Concentration of 1 mM CaCl2 salt was the optimum concentration whereas 10 mM CaCl2 was the inhibitory concentration for both the wild type and mutant strains. The results showed highly significant alteration in terms of protein abundance and differential response related to key processes of photosynthesis, energy and metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, oxidative and antioxidative defence, transport and signalling and fatty acid metabolism. In the wild type proteins related to photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism showed upregulation at 1 mM CaCl2 concentration while antioxidative defence related proteins were down-regulated. In the mutant however, proteins related to photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism exhibited severe down-regulation. Some hypothetical proteins were also realized during proteome analysis. Overall, our results suggested that NtcA have a potential role in regulation of calcium ion dependent key processes underlying in various metabolic activities of the cyanobacterium Anabaena 7120.
Correlation between cytomorphology and acid fast bacilli positivity in tubercular lymphadenopathy in far Western Nepal: a hospital based study

Background: Tuberculous lymphadenitis is the most common manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a valuable tool in diagnosis of tubercular lymphadenitis. The present study aims to determine the prevalence of different cytomorphological patterns in fine needle aspiration cytology of tubercular lymph nodes and their correlation with Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) positivity on Ziehi-Neelsen (ZN) Staining.Methods: Fine needle aspiration cytology of 274 cases diagnosed as tubercular lymphadenitis over a period of a year were reviewed. Cytomorphological patterns were categorized into three patterns. Pattern I: Epithelioid granuloma without necrosis, Pattern II: Epithelioid granuloma with caseous necrosis and Pattern III: Caseous necrosis only. Fischer Exact test was applied to correlate cytomorphological pattern and AFB positivity.Results: Tuberculous lymphadenitis was most frequent in age group 21-30 years (24.81%). Cervical lymph nodes were the most frequent lymph nodes involved (84.67%). Pattern I was the most common cytomorphological pattern observed (49.3%). Overall AFB positivity was 28.10%. Maximum AFB positivity was seen in pattern III (73.3%). Conclusions: FNAC is the simple, cost effective and minimally invasive tool to diagnose tuberculous lymphadenitis. Study of both cytomorphological pattern and ZN staining for AFB can improve the diagnostic accuracy.
Use of Flow Modeling to Optimize the Twin-Screw Extrusion Process for the Preparation of Lignocellulosic Fiber-Based Composites

Thermoplastic polymers reinforced by lignocellulosic fibers are increasingly used to replace conventional composites based on carbon or glass fibers. These materials are generally prepared by dispersing the fibers into the polymer matrix by melt mixing in a twin-screw extrusion process. However, during the process, a significant breakage occurs, leading to a reduction in the length, and diameter of the bundles and/or individual fibers. As the mechanical properties of the composite depend, among other, on the fiber morphology, it is important to understand and control the breakage mechanisms during the compounding process. In this paper, we show how the use of a thermomechanical model of twin-screw extrusion coupled with evolution laws of the fiber dimensions makes it possible to calculate the variation in the length and the diameter of the fibers, according to the local values of the flow parameters (shear rate, residence time, temperature, etc.). It is thus possible to define the best processing conditions (screw speed, feed rate, and barrel temperature) or the best screw profile to limit fiber degradation and prepare composites with optimal properties.
Novel reactor design as an integral solution: microbial fuel cell and wastewater treatment system

In this study, a new MFC reactor design is presented with the peculiarity of its novel working principle and its enhanced wastewater treatment potential. The system is first tested using synthetic wastewater (acetate) and later, under theoretical real conditions using brewery industry wastewater. In the first case, over 90% chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction is reached after two days of treatment and a maximum power density of 11 W/m3 is extracted at a current density of 40 A/m3, although it is to say that results could have been much better if some faults had been avoided in time. In the second case, COD removal is around 90% after two days of operation. Minerals’ concentrations reduction is relevant, as well, eliminating phosphate and ammonia traces respectively up to 90% and 100% after 4-5 days of treatment. However, a nitrification process is observed, increasing nitrate concentration up to around 10 mg/l after the same treatment length. The maximum power density extracted is of 4,5 W/m3 at a current density of 16,5 A/m3.
Kinetics and Isotherms of a Green Method for the Sorption of Metal Ions from Aqueous Solution

Owing to their toxicity, the existence of heavy metals in the environment has become a major global concern. In this study, the ability of albizia-lebbeck tree leaves (ALTL) as green and low cost adsorbent to remove Pb2+, Zn2+ and Cd2+ from Synthetic wastewater by adsorption was investigated. The initial metals’ concentrations of 10-80 mg/l, adsorbent dosage of 0.3-1.0 gm, pH of 3-8, contact time of 30-240 min, and shaking speed of 200 rpm, have been studied by batch adsorption technique. Four ranges of adsorbent particle size were tested: 75-150; 150-300; 300-600; 600-1000 μm. Five different temperatures (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60°C) were selected to demonstrate the influence of temperature on metals’ adsorption onto ALTL. Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to analyze the experimental data. Equilibrium data fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm model with maximum adsorption capacity of 9.124 mg/g at 20°C for metals’ concentration of 40 mg/L. Pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order equations were utilized for analysis of the kinetic data. The second-order model was fitting very well with the experimental data. Thermodynamic parameters like entropy, enthalpy and Gibbs free energy changes were estimated to determine the spontaneity of the sorption process. The results revealed that the ALTL adsorbent performed good removal of metals.
Experimental Study on the Preparation of Cementing Materials by Direct Reduction Coupling of a Hematite-Carbon Base

The reduction of iron in hematite and process coupling of cementing material generated from gangue components are explored in this paper, and a technical proposal for preparing directly reduced iron and cementing materials considering the processes of energy and material flows is proposed. An experimental study preparing cementing materials, such as tricalcium silicate and dicalcium silicate, by roasting the components, was performed. In this study, hematite was used as the raw material and powdered carbon was added, as the reducing agent, with CaO; at the same time, the gangue components of iron ore were used as the principal raw materials for the process of directly reduced iron preparation by direct reduction of iron ore. The FactSage software package was used to perform thermodynamic calculations of the reduction of iron and its influence on the formation of tricalcium silicate and dicalcium silicate. The feasibility of the direct reduction of iron to elemental iron and preparation of cementing materials by roasting of gangue components under the studied thermodynamic conditions was discussed. Different temperature control strategies were used to verify the reaction coupling test. The results showed that zero-valent iron could be produced by roasting and reducing hematite under certain experimental conditions, and cementing materials, such as tricalcium silicate and dicalcium silicate, could be produced simultaneously by reacting the gangue components with CaO. Fe2O3 exerted an adverse effect on the formation of tricalcium silicate, and sufficient reduction of the iron was a precondition for the formation and stability of tricalcium silicate.
Deep Learning-Based Models for Pain Recognition: A Systematic Review

The traditional standards employed for pain assessment have many limitations. One such limitation is reliability because of inter-observer variability. Therefore, there have been many approaches to automate the task of pain recognition. Recently, deep-learning methods have appeared to solve many challenges, such as feature selection and cases with a small number of data sets. This study provides a systematic review of pain-recognition systems that are based on deep-learning models for the last two years only. Furthermore, it presents the major deep-learning methods that were used in review papers. Finally, it provides a discussion of the challenges and open issues.
Etude des processus de corrosion du nickel par dynamique moléculaire avec un potentiel réactif ReaxFF

La comprehension des processus de corrosion est un element majeur de l’etude de la durabilite des materiaux en environnements agressifs. C’est dans ce cadre que ce travail de these se situe. L’objectif est d’apporter un nouvel eclairage sur les processus de corrosion du nickel en milieu aqueux en utilisant la simulation par dynamique moleculaire avec un champ de force reactif « ReaxFF ». Nous nous sommes particulierement interesse aux reactions entres les molecules d’eau et les surfaces monocristallines de nickel. Ces resultats ont montre aucune dissociation de l’eau sur les surfaces. Par ailleurs, une adsorption des molecules en bicouche a ete constatee, traduisant la polarisation mutuelle entre l’eau et le nickel, ce que confirme le calcul de charges. La surface du metal s’est chargee positivement alors que la premiere couche d’eau se charge negativement, reproduisant la double couche electrique. L’introduction d’un champ electrique exterieur a conditionne la reaction entre l’eau et le nickel. La presence du champ a permis d’observer les differentes etapes d’oxydation du nickel : l’adsorption des molecules d’eau puis leurs dissociations en OH- et H3O+. La dissolution des atomes de nickel a la surface puis la penetration de O dans Ni. Ces processus d’oxydation sont repetes au cours du temps pour obtenir le film d’oxyde. L’epaisseur du film d’oxyde depend lineairement de l’intensite du champ electrique. La cinetique d’oxydation est amelioree pour la surface (110) par rapport aux autres surfaces etudiees. L’etude de l’oxydation d’un bicristal de nickel a montre des processus identique. Par ailleurs, nous avons constate que les premiers germes d’oxydation se sont produits au niveau des joints de grains et se sont propages sur toute la surface. L’ensemble de ces resultats est en bon accord avec les observations experimentales
Legal Analysis of Outsourcing Work Management System in Makassar City of South Sulawesi Province

The outsourcing worker management system in nuanced labor laws does not reflect the principle of justice for workers. The method of this research is sociological normative legal research, the location of the research is in companies in South Sulawesi. Study analysis is descriptive qualitative. Data collection was carried out by interview, documentation. The results of the study showed that legally the labor in the outsourcing management system had not been carried out in accordance with the labor law. 95% of respondents stated that their rights and obligations as outsourced workers were not in accordance with the provisions in the labor law, both economic protection and occupational health and safety protection, with unclear employment agreements.
Broadening the ‘Survivor Capsule’ of Intimate Partner Violence Services

This study responds to a need to expand current understandings of the ways in which counselling services for intimate partner violence (IPV) address trauma. From the perspectives of fifteen women who accessed IPV counselling services in Ontario, Canada, this feminist intersectional study used constructivist grounded theory methods to explore how services help women heal from trauma. Specifically, the study aimed to understand how counselling services meet the needs of survivors of IPV and respond to their complex identities and experiences of trauma and oppression. Findings exemplify the theoretical concept of a survivor capsule, illustrating ways in which women’s unique lives often do not fit into current IPV services, showing a need for more complex intersectional understandings of women’s experiences of IPV and trauma. These study findings demonstrate the importance of recognising women’s individual needs for multiple services as well as the harm caused when women have to fight to access the services they need. Findings also illustrate the instrumental role of counsellors who provide validation, are connected with women’s experiences, and are knowledgeable about IPV and trauma. Finally, suggestions are put forward for ways in which service providers can create spaces of acceptance rather than services that are stigmatising.
Fatigue Life Assessment of Revised Cope-Hole Details in Steel Truss Bridges

In recent years, various welded details with complex local structure, ambiguous fatigue performance have appeared in fully welded steel truss bridges, however, they are not covered in the current design specifications. In order to study the fatigue performance of revised cope-hole details, fatigue performance experiments were designed and carried out on three specimens of revised detail with the same dimensions but subjected to different stress amplitude. Local finite element model of the revised cope-hole detail was established for further stress analysis. The results of finite element analysis were basically consistent with the static test results at majority of measurement points. Based on the existing fatigue test data and fatigue strength of cope-hole details defined in Eurocode and JSSC design code, the fatigue performance of revised cope-hole details was evaluated. The S-N fitting curve with the failure probability of 2.3% was obtained from the fatigue experiment results. The fatigue stress amplitude was 59.5 MPa when fatigue loading cycle was 2 × 106. It can be concluded that the fatigue performance of revised cope-hole detail was better than that of previous welded detail, which indicated that the revised detail had a significant improvement.
Headspace sampling‐gas chromatograph‐mass spectrometer as a screening method to thermally extract fireground contaminants from retired firefighting turnout jackets

Firefighters are at a 1.5 to 2 times greater risk of contracting certain types of cancers as compared to the general population. After preliminary studies, it was evident that contaminated turnout gear and ensemble elements could be linked to heightened cancer rates amongst firefighters. Compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), perfluorinated compounds, phenols, phthalates, brominated flame retardants, dioxins, volatile organic compounds, and many others are present in the contaminated gear, of which many are known carcinogens. A setup of headspace sampler‐gas chromatograph‐mass spectrometer was used to measure the off‐gassing of the fabric samples taken from retired field‐contaminated turnout jackets. The fabric samples were exposed to a specific temperature and allowed to equilibrate for a fixed time in the HS. A custom reference mix of phenols, phthalates and PAHs was put together to develop standard calibration curves. The compounds off‐gassing from the outer shell, thermal liner and the moisture barrier were analyzed and the masses of certain marker compounds were calculated based of the standard calibration curves. The technique could be used as a screening method to thermally extract contaminants from field‐contaminated firefighter turnout materials such as jackets, pants, gloves, and so on.
How Magnetically Conjugate Atmospheres and the Magnetosphere Participate in the Formation of Low‐Energy Electron Precipitation in the Region of Diffuse Aurora

The electron precipitation in the region of the diffuse aurora should be considered as a two‐step process (Khazanov et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL072063). The first one is the interaction of plasma sheet electrons with electrostatic electron cyclotron and/or whistler waves, moving those electrons into the loss cone to precipitate in both magnetically conjugate atmospheres. The second step is the interaction of these electrons with the ionosphere and atmosphere via their elastic and nonelastic collisions and reflection (backscatter) of degraded electrons back to magnetosphere and conjugate ionospheres. This paper presents the results of a newly developed scenario of nonsteady‐state electron precipitation dynamics that accounts for magnetosphere‐ionosphere‐atmosphere energy interplay over the entire energy range of the plasma sheet electron population and their affiliated secondary electrons. It also studies how both magnetically conjugate auroral regions work together with the magnetosphere in the formation of electron precipitation in the region of the diffuse aurora with the energy range coverage from 1 eV up to 10 keV.
Assessing Layoffs in Four Midwestern States during the Pandemic Recession

We use WARN data to assess layoffs in four Midwestern states during the current pandemic-induced recession—Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. The data come from the advance layoff notices filed under the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification (WARN) Act. We find that the number of workers affected by layoff announcements rose sharply in the second half of March and April, and unexpected changes in economic conditions meant that workers received little advance notice before layoff. Layoff announcements have affected workers across these four states, and workers in mining and leisure and hospitality have been affected the most. Most recently, the number of workers affected by WARN notices has almost returned to prerecession levels.
Potential Role of Plants Hordeum vulgare L. and Panax ginseng L. in Resolving the Fertility Disorders and Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress Arises from Hypothyroidism in Adult Female Rats

Hordeum vulgare (Barley) and Panax ginseng have antioxidant activity referring to their diverse phytonutrient. Hypothyroidism in adult female rats was induced by pituitary-gonadal-adrenal disturbance, depleting the serum FSH levels with the elevation of corticosterone, prolactin, progesterone and testosterone hormones as well as (ERK1/2). Hypothyroidism evoked an oxidative stress status by increasing 8-hydroxy guanosine, which initiated apoptosis by uplifting apoptotic marker Caspase-3 both in serum and brain tissues. This is confirmed by the increase in the percentage of DNA-damage in the brain tissues. Significant decrease in all monoamines’ levels in different brain areas, downregulation of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors transcription, with a significant increase in excitatory amino acids was noted. Barley and ginseng renormalized cortisol and oxidative stress markers by increasing cellular resistance to stress and potentiated the role of the immune system through phytosterol and ginsenosides, so they considered potent free radical scavengers. Barley and Panax ginseng ameliorate the hormonal and neural dysfunction resulting from hypothyroidism, so they are recommended for relieving stress and improving mood and depression.