Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of cardiovascular risk between patients with type 2 diabetes and those who had had a myocardial infarction: cross sectional and cohort studies

Serious physical illness was independently associated with suicide. However, physical illness seemed to be a stronger predictor in men. We found no such association in women, possibly because of small numbers, though there may be a real sex difference. Impaired vision was a predictor of suicide in our study. While visual impairment has been shown to be associated with depression in later life, few studies have explored a possible link with suicide. One study found no association. A more recent report noted an association between visual impairment and suicidal ideation. Neurological disorder was associated with suicide in our study, paralleling findings from register studies on mixed age populations. We observed an increased rate of suicide in people with ongoing malignant disease, which agrees with results of studies of mixed age and elderly populations. Cardiovascular disease and musculoskeletal disorders have been reported as common among elderly people who committed suicide. The case-control design allowed us to show that these disorders were not risk factors for suicide. Many elderly people who commit suicide consult their doctor a short time before their death, but many fail to communicate their despair. We have recently shown that relatives observed suicidal feelings twice as frequently as doctors, and doctors were less likely to discuss suicidal feelings with patients in poor physical health. Further research should focus on the detection and treatment of depression and suicidal ideation in the context of physical disease.
The influence of ice on polar nearshore benthos

Polar benthic communities are subject to a range of disturbance levels from a variety of sources, principal amongst which is ice. This occurs in four main forms: the ice-foot, ice scour, anchor ice and fast ice, each of which influences benthos in a very different temporal and spatial manner. The four described forms of ice disturbance are all seasonal, but combined, influence communities throughout the year. The magnitude of ice mediated disturbance is often catastrophic and as a result both dominates benthic community structure and makes recolonization and development rates critical. This disturbance extremity results in high temporal and spatial heterogeneity, very low intertidal zone diversity and in places low mid–sublittoral diversity. It may also, however, be important in generating and maintaining the typically high sublittoral zone diversity observed at many polar localities. Intermediate frequencies or magnitudes of disturbance have been controversially discussed as important in maintaining diversity by prevention of space monopolization by overgrowth dominants in such environments as the deep sea. The shelf areas examined to date certainly suggest intermediate disturbance is important in maintaining polar sublittoral zone diversity. The combination of slow colonization and development with high frequencies of disturbance means most polar nearshore environments that have been described are permanently in a state of change or recovery.
PLAKARTHRIUM AUSTRALIENSE, A THIRD SPECIES OF PLAKARTHRIIDAE (CRUSTACEA: ISOPODA)

Poore, G.C. B. and Brandt, A. , 2001. Plakarthrium australiense, a third species of Plakarthriidae (Crustacea: Isopoda). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 58(2): 373–382. The Plakarthriidae share with four genera of Sphaeromatidae a flat habitus and a marginal row of setae on antenna 1, coxae and uropods, modified to maintain contact with the substrate. They do not possess areas of scales on pleopod 5, a probable sphaeromatid synapomorphy. The possibility exists that Plakarthriidae are a highly derived offshoot of a clade that also gave rise to the flattened “cassidiniine” sphaeromatids. Plakarthrium australiense sp. nov. is described from the southern Australian marine shelf and compared with the only two other species of the genus and family. The new species differs from P. typicum from New Zealand and P. punctatissimum from subantarctic islands of the South Atlantic and Antarctic Peninsula in having pleonite 1 fully indicated dorsally, only pleonite 2 indicated laterally and pleotelson tapering to 80% of its anterior width posteriorly.
Naturally Occurring Primate Hybrid

Two members of a troop of wild Macaca irus in Malaysia have been tentatively identified as hybrids of M. irus and M. nemestrina. Mechanisms prohibiting such hybridization in the natural habitat may have broken down under heavy predation pressure which finally resulted in the local extermination of M. nemestrinia.
Ultraviolet B Radiation Increases Hairless Mouse Mast Cells in A Dose‐Dependent Manner and Alters Distribution of UV‐lnduced Mast Cell Growth Factor

Abstract— In studies of the effects of chronic UVB irradiation on dermal connective tissue in the hairless mouse, we observed that the number and size of mast cells was increased. Because mast cells are known to be associated with connective tissue remodeling, we examined and quantified the effect of increasing UVB (290‐320 nm) doses on this cell. Groups of mice were exposed to filtered FS‐40 Westinghouse lamps (290‐400 nm: peak irradiance 313 nm) for 1‐5 minimal erythema doses (MED) thrice weekly for 10 weeks. Appropriate controls were included. Biopsies, processed for light microscopy, were stained with toluidine blue. Mast cells were counted in 15 high‐magnification fields per specimen with upper and lower dermis scored separately. Significant increases in large densely granular mast cells occurred at 2 MED in the lower dermis, in association with a UVB‐exacerbated granulomatous reaction. In the upper dermis, mast cells were significantly increased with 3 MED. These findings suggest that mast cells may play a dual role in UV‐irradiated skin with those in the lower dermis related to inflammation processes and those in the upper dermis involved in connective tissue modeling. To gain understanding of the mechanism of mast cell recruitment and maturation, we examined the effect of UVB on mast cell growth factor expression. This was enhanced in the epidermis by UVB, with a shift from cytoplasmic staining to membrane‐associated or intercellular staining at 2 MED and higher. Dermal dendritic and mononuclear cells also showed increased reactivity.
FLAVONOLS FROM LEAVES OF Pluchea carolinensis (Jacq.) G. Don (Asteraceae)

The flavonols isorhamnetin-3- O-sulfate�(1)�and�3',4',5,6,7-pentahydroxy-3-methoxy- flavone ( 2),�wereisolatedfromn-BuOHcrudeextractbyfractionatingtheleaves� ofPluchea carolinensis�(Jacq.)�G. �Don�(Asteraceae). �Theisolatedcompoundswere� characterizedusingphysicalandspectroscopicmethods,�includingUV-Visiblein� MeOHbyaddingdiagnosticreagents�(NaOAc;�NaOAc/H 3 BO 3 �andAlCl 3 /HCl). �Also� 1 H,� 13 CNMR,�DEPT,�COSY,�NOESY,�HSQCandHMBCexperimentswereemployed. � The isolation and characterization of 3',4',5,6,7-pentahydroxy-3-methoxyflavone is the first report for the genus PlucheaCass. KeyWordIndex:�Pluchea carolinensis,�Asteraceae,�3',4',5,6,7-pentahydroxy-3-me- thoxyflavone, isorhamnetin-3- O-sulfate,�spectroscopictechniques.
Effect of maceration at mowing on silage conservation,voluntary intake, digestibility and growth rate of steers fed precision chopped or round bale silages

Four silages were made from the primary growth of an orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata)/white clover (Trifolium repens) sward in mid-June. Precision chopped (PC) and round bale (RB) silages were made from wilted forage that had been cut either with a regular mower conditioner (CON) or a mower macerator (MAC). Silages were fed to growing steers in a 10-wk feeding trial using a 2 × 2 factorial design. To determine apparent digestibility, silages were fed to wether sheep and ruminally incubated in nylon bags using two canulated cows. The DM concentration of silages ranged between 273 and 362 g kg−1 and was higher in RB than PC silage. Maceration increased fibre concentration in RB silage but had little influence on PC silage. Nitrogen and its fractions were not influenced by treatment. Maceration increased total acid concentration in PC silages but lowered it in RB silage. Lactic acid accounted for a higher proportion of total acids in macerated silages than in control silages. Steers fed RB silage consumed 3.
Improvement of plants salt tolerance by exogenous application of amino acids

The present work has been performed to study the growth and metabolic activities of maize and broad bean plants which are shown to have a degree of sensitivity to salinity and to determine the role of amino acids proline or phenylalanine in increasing the salt tolerance of theses plants. Dry mass, water content, leaf area and photosynthetic pigment of maize and broad bean plants decreased with increasing salinity. These changes were accompanied with a drop in the contents of soluble sugars, soluble proteins and amino acids. This was accompanied by a marked increase in the proline content. When maize and broad bean plants sprayed with proline or phenylalanine the opposite effect was occurred, saccharides as well as proteins progressively increased at all sanitization levels and proline concentration significantly declined. Salinity significantly increased the sodium content in both shoots and roots of maize and broad bean plants, while a decline in the accumulation of K+, Ca++, Mg++and P was observed. Amino acids treatments markedly altered the selectivity of Na+, K+, Ca++ and P in both maize and broad bean plants. Spraying with any of either proline or phenylalanine restricted Na+ uptake and enhanced the uptake of K+, K+/Na+ ratio, Ca++ and P selectivity in maize and broad bean plants. Key words: Proline, phenylalanine, spraying, salinity, maize, broad bean.
Serological evidence for the presence of a calicivirus in Australian wild rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus, before the introduction of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV): its potential influence on the specificity of a competitive ELISA for RHDV

The objective of the study was to determine for Australian wild rabbits the specificity of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) developed in Italy for detecting antibodies to RHDV. Analysis of 657 sera collected before the arrival of RHDV (pre-RHD) indicated that between 17 and 38% appeared to give false positive results depending on the cut-off criteria used. The finding of pre-RHD sera reacting positively in the cELISA prompted the testing of sera in a cELISA using as antigen smooth forms of RHDV (cELISA-sf) and a solid-phase ELISA (spELISA), both of which detect reactivity to an epitope shared by the lagomorph caliciviruses. Testing of a subset of the pre-RHD sera in the cELISA-sf and the spELISA revealed that 86 and 91%, respectively, were positive. Similar results were obtained for a set of sera collected pre-RHD in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). Sera collected from wild-stock rabbits born and raised in isolation in an animal house in the ACT were all negative in the cELISA, 6% were positive in the cELISA-sf and 13% in the spELISA. It was concluded that a calicivirus related to RHDV and European brown hare syndrome virus (EBHSV) was present in the rabbit population before the arrival of RHDV, and may still be present. The potential consequences of these findings for epidemiological studies on RHD in Australia are discussed.
The Vertical Distribution of Pelagic Decapods [Crustacea: Natantia] Collected on the Sond Cruise 1965 I. The Caridea

This study forms a contribution to a series (Angel, 1969; Clarke, 1969; Baker, 1970; Badcock, 1970) describing the biological results of a detailed investigation of the ecology of an oceanic area located in the eastern North Atlantic, close to the island of Fuerteventura (Canary Islands). The scientific background and objectives of the investigation, conducted during September to December 1965, have been described elsewhere (Currie, Boden & Kampa, 1969). Our main interest lay in the biological composition and acoustic characteristics of sonic scattering layers, and it was therefore considered essential to sample the principal elements of the pelagic fauna within the depth range 0–1000 m in as quantitative and detailed a manner as was technically possible. The resulting biological collections represent a unique body of material, the analysis of which is directly pertinent to the vertical distribution, diurnal migration and ecological interrelationships of the mesopelagic fauna.
The lysine multi-switch: the impact of lysine methylation on transcription factor properties

The amino acid lysine can undergo methylation, acylation, sumoylation or ubiquitination, making it an extremely versatile protein residue. Its involvement in the modulation of protein biological functions through de/methylation on histones has been well studied but only recently has the focus shifted towards this post-translational modification in non-histone proteins particularly transcription factors. Lysine methylation has been found to act as a switch which can directly alter function or stability, as well as indirectly alter binding affinity to target DNA motifs and protein partners. Lysine methylation has been best-studied in the tumour suppressor p53, making it the ideal transcription factor to showcase how these different mechanisms act. Other transcription factors that undergo such a post-translational modification include NFkB, STAT3 and TFIID. More recently a new family of 10 lysine methyltransferases has been described and the interaction of one of them with the ubiquitous transcription factor E4TF1-60 opens a whole new field of transcription factor control. Lysine methylation is involved in a number of diseases and has also been shown to play a role in tumorigenesis. Targetting specificly modified over-active transcription factors is a potential form of anti-cancer therapy although it is a very delicate process, which still requires extensive research.
Probes for the position and mechanistic role of the second ‘catalytic’ magnesium ion in the inositol monophosphatase reaction

Two magnesium ions are required for the enzymic hydrolysis of phosphate monoester substrates of inositol monophosphatase. It has been suggested that one (buried) Mg2+ ion binds to the enzyme and the phosphate dianion moiety of the substrate through one or more of its negatively charged O-atoms while the second Mg2+ ion binds to the substrate bridging phosphate ester O-atom and one other substrate-derived O-atom. This second Mg2+ ion may also position and activate the attacking nucleophilic water molecule (A. G. Cole and D. Gani, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1995, previous article). To determine the minimum structural requirements for a substrate, as deduced from the proposed interactions for natural and synthetic substrates with both Mg2+ ions, ethane-1,2-diol 1-phosphate was prepared and was found to be a substrate. The design and preparation of a range of minimal structure synthetic probes based on this new substrate including propyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and 5-hydroxypentyl monophosphate ester and both antipodes of 1,5-dihydroxypentan-2-yl phosphate allowed the specific interactions between the substrate and the enzyme and/or the second Mg2+ ion to be assessed. The results support the proposed roles for the metal ions and provide information on the position of the second Mg2+ ion. This information rationalises the properties of known organophosphate substrates and inhibitors for the enzyme and, furthermore, facilitates the construction of a 3-D catalytic mechanism for the inositol monophosphatase reaction which is described. This new catalytic mechanism explains why Li+ behaves as an inhibitor and accounts for its unusual inhibitory properties.
Microbial Penetration and Immunization of Uncongenial Host Plants

To initiate a parasitic disease the propagules of the infectious agent must contact, in an apt environment, the appropriate anatomical region of an appropriate host. Until recently phytopathologists have been mainly in­ terested in the study of the events aroused by the fulfilment of such condi­ tions, overlooking what happens when the propagules of a pathogen fall on plants not belonging to its natural circle of hosts, or when a normally non­ pathogenic microorganism comes in contact with a plant. Only lately has greater attention been paid to this second type of combination. The root system of a plant is permanently in contact with a multitude of microorganisms. But the quantity of nonpathogenic contaminants of both "resident" or "casual" types (sensu Leben, 73), on the aerial surface of a plant is generally higher than the quantity of pathogens. At least in theory it must be assumed that the avirulent microorganisms can induce physiologi­ cal changes in the plant and thus variations in its reactivity towards subse­ quent infection by specific pathogens. Besides the direct antagonistic activ­ ity (140) and the physical and chemical alterations that are produced espe­ cially in the soil environment, this is another way through which micmflora may affect the establishment of a parasitic process. The relations between plants and avirulent germs, and the influence of the latter on the likelihood of subsequent infections by normal pathogens, can be studied better in the laboratory, where they can be mimed and mag­ nified under controlled conditions, than in nature where they cannot. A great deal of progress has been made in the similar field of plant virology where investigations carried out with combinations of different viruses and virus strains have led to evidence and to codifying the complex phenomena known as "acquired immunity following recovery," "cross protection," "lo­ calized and systemic interference" (108). This paper is primarily concerned with the "immunizing" effect that the "infections" with avirulent fungi and bacteria are capable of inducing in plants. We shall therefore examine (a) whether nonpathogens can pene­ trate and induce morphophysiological responses ill the plant, (b) whether
The genus Rhantus DEJEAN (Coleoptera)

Five species of Rhantus DEJEAN, 1833 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Colymbetinae) occur in New Caledonia. Four of these, all belonging to the R. pacificus group (sensu BALKE 1993) are endemic: R. alutaceus FAUVEL, 1883, R. monteithi BALKE, WEWALKA, ALARIE & RIBERA, 2007, R. novaecaledoniae BALFOUR-BROWNE, 1944, and R. poellerbauerae BALKE, WEWALKA, ALARIE & RIBERA, 2007. The fifth species, R. suturalis MACLEAY, 1825 is a member of the R. suturalis species group and very wide-spread in the Old World. A taxonomic overview, including the known larvae of the endemic species, is provided.
Combined effects of Zataria multiflora boiss essential oil and nisin on the shelf-life of refrigerated rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss) fillets

The effects of Z. multiflora essential oil (EO) and nisin (N) on fresh rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss) fillets were studied during 18 days storage at 4 oC. Bacteriological and organoleptical evaluation were performed on fresh rainbow trout as the functions of treatment and storage time. Treatments included the following: A (control), E1 (treated samples with 0.2 % EO), E2 (treated samples with 0.4 % EO), N (treated samples with 150000 IU nisin/ kg), E1N (treated samples with Nisin and 0.2 % EO) and E2N (treated samples with nisin and 0.4 % EO). Total viable count (TVC) reached the value of 7 log cfu/g on days 9-12 for control sample and on days 15-18 for E1N and E2N samples. Meanwhile, in the sensory evaluation test, shelf life of rainbow trout fillets was 9 days for control samples and 12 days for other treated samples.
Fasting and Yield of Broilers

Abstract The shrinkage and yield of processing and cut-up were estimated on 1296 broilers at various ages (36, 43, and 50 days). The shrinkage varied between . 20 and . 25%/hr and depended on age. No significant differences were found in the percentages of shrinkage between male and female broilers. The yield values calculated as a percentage of the posthold live weight were almost independent of holding time, if this time was greater than 4 hr. The yield of the breast meat of broilers was increased by about 1%, and the yield of the legs was decreased by about the same amount; all other yield values were nearly the same as those from earlier experiments in 1981.
page-323-Energy-Conserving Multi-Mode Clusters Maintenance For Hierarchical Wireless Sensor Networks

— Since the beginning of the era of wireless sensor networks energy conservation has been a major concern because it is limited in nature. An energy-conserving multi-mode cluster maintenance method is proposed which works on event driven mechanism. This method is different form the conventional cluster maintenance model as it involves periodic re-clustering based on New Hierarchical Stable Election Protocol (NHSEP) algorithm among the whole network. The initiators of this method includes node’s nodes residual energy being under threshold, joining or exiting from any cluster, and so on and so forth. Depending upon the damaged cluster, whether node is a member of different cluster or same cluster inter cluster maintenance or inner cluster maintenance can begin. The enhanced method can save a considerable amount of energy to maintain the damaged network thus prolonging the network life. Simulation is done using NS2 and performance parameters such as Energy Remaining, Bit error rate, Packet Delivery Ratio, Throughput and control overhead are compared.
NF-κB Regulates BCL3 Transcription in T Lymphocytes Through an Intronic Enhancer 1

Exposure to soluble protein Ags in vivo leads to abortive proliferation of responding T cells. In the absence of a danger signal, artificially provided by adjuvants, most responding cells die, and the remainder typically become anergic. The adjuvant-derived signals provided to T cells are poorly understood, but recent work has identified BCL3 as the gene, of those tested, with the greatest differential transcriptional response to adjuvant administration in vivo. As an initial step in analyzing transcriptional responses of BCL3 in T cells, we have identified candidate regulatory regions within the locus through their evolutionary conservation and by analysis of DNase hypersensitivity. An evolutionarily conserved DNase hypersensitive site (HS3) within intron 2 was found to act as a transcriptional enhancer in response to stimuli that mimic TCR activation, namely, PHA and PMA. In luciferase reporter gene constructs transiently transfected into the Jurkat T cell line, the HS3 enhancer can cooperate not only with the BCL3 promoter, but also with an exogenous promoter from herpes simplex thymidine kinase. Deletional analysis revealed that a minimal sequence of ∼81 bp is required for full enhancer activity. At the 5′ end of this minimal sequence is a κB site, as confirmed by EMSAs. Mutation of this site in the context of the full-length HS3 abolished enhancer activity. Cotransfection with NF-κB p65 expression constructs dramatically increased luciferase activity, even without stimulation. Conversely, cotransfection with the NF-κB inhibitor IκBα reduced activation. Together, these results demonstrate a critical role for NF-κB in BCL3 transcriptional up-regulation by TCR-mimetic signals.