Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Symbolic regression using tabu search in a neighborhood of semantically similar solutions

In this paper we describe for the first time a tabu search algorithm for symbolic regression. The novel contribution presented in this work is the idea to use a metric for semantic similarity to generate moves in such a way that branches are only replaced with semantically similar branches. In symbolic regression separate parts of the solution are linked strongly; often a small random change of one part might disrupt a link and thus, can completely change the semantics of the solution. We hypothesize that by introducing the semantic similarity constraint, the fitness landscape for tabu search becomes smoother as each move can only change the fitness of the solution slightly. However, empirical evaluation on a set of simple benchmark instances shows that the approach described in this paper does not perform as well as genetic programming with offspring selection and there is no big difference between random and semantic move generation.
An Examination of School District Spending and Student Achievement in Oklahoma

abstract:From 2009 to 2014, school districts in Oklahoma faced the challenge of educating a growing population of students to high academic standards and increased accountability while total state aid had been restricted to flat or negative levels annually. This study presents new knowledge about how district spending of increasingly scarce dollars relates to student achievement as an indication of how money matters in education. The analysis compared two groups of school districts that were demographically similar yet displayed varying degrees of academic achievement in order to determine if there was a statistically significant difference in their spending.
Polarization ratio for microwave backscattering from the ocean surface at low to moderate incidence angles

It has become apparent that as the incidence angle increases from nadir, the ratio of the backscattered power for microwave scattering from the ocean surface at horizontal to that at vertical polarization (HH/VV) becomes larger than that predicted by standard rough-surface scattering models. Although predictions by models that include the effects of long-wave tilt and hydrodynamic modulation yield some improvement, they still underpredict the backscattered power by a factor of two or more. The authors believe that this discrepancy may be partially explained by a more exact treatment of the non-linearity of the long-wave portion of the surface.
Model-based Security Engineering of SOA Systems Using Modified "UML-SOA-Sec"

In SOA environment, software systems are composed of services which are scattered across enterprises and architectures. Security play vital role during the design, development and operation of SOA application. However, analysis of today’s software development approaches reveals that the engineering of security into the system design is often neglected. Currently security is incorporated in SOA applications in an ad-hoc manner and integrated during the applications development phase or administration phase or it is out sourced. In practice security is not defined during the early phases of software development and left onto developers. Properly configuring security requirements in SOA applications is quite difficult for developers because they are not security experts; furthermore, SOA security is cross-domain and all required information is not available at downstream phases. This reveals the importance of adding security objectives in early development phases i.e. at design phase by the business process expert. However, a business process expert is unable to specify security objectives due to lake of security modelling elements in a general purpose modelling languages. As a result, he/she either ignores the security objectives in a business process model or indicates them in textual way. The post-hoc, low-level integration of security has a negative impact on resulting SOA applications. A Domain Specific Language named “UML-SOA-Sec” is proposed for the Model driven development of secure SOA systems based on the UML. Aim is to facilitate the business process expert in modelling the security requirements along the business process modelling. This security annotated business process model will facilitate the security expert in specifying the concrete security implementation. As a proof of work; proposed “UML-SOA-Sec” is applied to modelling of a typical business process of healthcare system.
An analysis of ARQ and hybrid FEC-ARQ transmission over a meteor burst channel

Using the probabilistic models for meteor burst channel parameters, expressions are derived for performance characteristics of an automatic-repeat-request (ARQ) communications system. Performance measures such as throughput rate, waiting time to receive a message correctly, and probability of successful message delivery within some specified time are functions of packet size and transmission data rate. It is shown that a hybrid FEC-ARQ (forward-error-correction-ARQ) strategy yields higher throughput, lower waiting time, and increased probability of correct packet reception, as compared to uncoded transmission, but only when the code rate approaches 1. The coding employed was rate 1/n and rate k/nconvolutional. <<ETX>>
Automated Detection of Pain in Horses through Facial Expression Analysis

A method for automated pain-assessment in horses through facial-expression analysis is proposed. The method is based on supervised linear classification of a feature stack of Gabor filters and has the desirable quality of not requiring expert knowledge or specialized equipment to make an assessment. The method is evaluated by applying it to images of horses from two clinical trials where the horses were (ethically) subjected to pain. The resulting accuracy of 78% compares favorably to an alternate method of pain assessment based on facial expression cues that requires expertise to administer.
Trouble and Triumph: German Life–Turkish Tradition in Renan Demirkan's Schwarzer Tee mit drei Stück Zucker

This paper explores Demirkan's narrative strategies in Schwarzer Tee mit drei Stück Zucker to negotiate issues of a life between two cultures and traditions. Based on Bhabha's insights that mainstream culture needs intellectual and artistic infusion from the margins of a society in order to remain vital; and that cultural production itself is a continuous performative development, I analyse Demirkan's proposals for cultural integration that avoids assimilation. Demirkan lets the main character of Schwarzer Tee assert her own bicultural place both within and against her family and German society. This largely autobiographical narrative gives the reader a tentative understanding as to how the Turkish–German culture-on-the-margins is an essential and productive part of German culture. Demirkan develops a new, strong and confident type of heroine in her novel and through this new figure accomplishes two goals. She provides her reader with a successful image of those of Turkish–German heritage, especially women, and at the same time Demirkan relieves the German reader of any residual guilt feelings for being part of a hegemonic culture oppressing its Turkish minority.
Smallholder farmers' market participation and mobile phone‐based market information services in Lilongwe, Malawi

There has been growing interest in the development of technology‐based systems to empower farmers in Africa. This paper determines the effect of mobile phone‐based market information services (MIS) on farmers' decisions to participate in maize markets in Lilongwe, Malawi. The study reveals insufficient evidence to suggest that the MIS influence farmers' market participation decisions. Knowledge of prevailing prices may not necessarily guarantee farmers market participation, especially when buyers determine market prices and transaction costs are high. Consequently, farmers with no access to alternative markets fail to improve their marketing outcomes. The findings suggest that channelling government's resources towards improving extension services and increasing farmers' productivity are ideal ways to promote the participation of smallholder farmers in agricultural markets. The findings also underscore the need to integrate radio and mobile phones in agricultural MIS and to provide farmers with information related to agricultural production in addition to market prices. These recommendations could be realized through better coordination of market access initiatives involving smallholder farmers, government departments, NGOs, mobile network operators, and media houses.
A Modelling Language for Communication-based Systems and its Application to the Danish Rejsekort

This thesis explores how well the Klaim modelling language can model a complex distributed system. The system chosen as the case study is the Danish Rejsekort. A payment system for public transportation built around a contactless smartcard solution. The design of an extended version of μKlaim is presented, where additional constructs are added to the language. The additional constructs are both general and specific to the domain of Rejsekortet. The design and implementation of an integrated development environment as well as a simulator for the extended μKlaim language is also presented. The possibilities of creating a general analysis framework are discussed and specific analyses are suggested for the Rejsekort system. The simulator allows for debugging models by stepwise execution, where an overview is given of the current state as well as historical states. Finally a model is created for a sub-system of the Rejsekort system using the extended μKlaim language. This model allows for simulation of a scenario where a card is purchased and used for the payment of public transportation.
2010 CWE/SANS Top 25 Most Dangerous Software Errors

The Top 25 list is a tool for education and awareness to help programmers to prevent the kinds of vulnerabilities that plague the software industry, by identifying and avoiding all-too-common mistakes that occur before software is even shipped. Software customers can use the same list to help them to ask for more secure software. Researchers in software security can use the Top 25 to focus on a narrow but important subset of all known security weaknesses. Finally, software managers and CIOs can use the Top 25 list as a measuring stick of progress in their efforts to secure their software.
A Retrospective on Twenty Years of Education Technology Policy

This article provides an analysis of 20 years of key policy reports addressing the challenges and opportunities in integrating technology into K-12 education in the United States. It summarizes recommendations made in these reports, and comments on the shifting rationales for and expectations of educational technology investments that have shaped those recommendations. In undertaking this analysis, we have been guided by three key sets of questions: a) Why do we invest in educational technologies? What rationales have shaped these investments? b) What are the requisite steps to ensure that technologies are effectively implemented? What specific recommendations have been given priority? c) What assumptions underlie our vision for how technologies can impact teaching and learning, and how have these changed?
Chapter 1 The Distinctive Domain of Entrepreneurship Research

In this chapter an argument is made for a clear articulation for the exclusive domain of entrepreneurship research. To date, the entrepreneurship academic community has neglected to define clear boundaries as to what distinguishes entrepreneurship scholarship from other closely related fields. It is argued here that the well-worn constructs of firm performance or success and failure of the individual entrepreneur do not provide the field the clarity of purpose and unique domain it desires. Similarly, the context of small business is not what will bring singular clarity for the field. Instead, this chapter argues that entrepreneurship research should be focused upon understanding how opportunities to bring future goods and services into existence occur.
Situating Giving Back for Native Americans Pursuing Careers in STEM: “You Don’t Just Take, You Give Something Back”

This article explores how a desire to give back influences Native Americans pursuing education and careers in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). We present analysis of data from 51 interviews with Native students and STEM professionals. Despite the compelling evidence of the core significance of a community orientation among Native Americans, insufficient attention has been given to thinking about the unique challenges faced by STEM professionals in devising ways to give back and how this relates to the continuing problem of under-representation of Native Americans in STEM. Here we propose strategies for universities and industry to honor Native ways of being by recognizing and embracing giving back as a value, and supporting STEM students and STEM professionals to overcome challenges to be able to give back to their communities. These strategies for situating giving back will promote expanded participation for Native Americans in STEM. This work provides insight for thinking about other under-represented populations in STEM.
On the prediction of global F/sub 0/ shape for Japanese text-to-speech

The global F/sub 0/ shape of Japanese speech is predicted by phrasal accent attributes and adjacent phrasal environment using three-layered neural nets. Three F/sub 0/ values of each minor phrase are used for the global shape description, and their prediction is carried out in each major phrase determined by right-branching syntactic boundaries. Through prediction experiments using short and ordinary sentence samples, it is quantitatively confirmed that the global F/sub 0/ shapes are predicted fairly well in both samples and that additional controls are necessary for finer prediction in the ordinary sentence samples. <<ETX>>
Code book cipher system

A new system is proposed to enhance the security of a stream ciphering algorithm that is based on non-linear J-K flip flop networks (Pless's system). The new system incorporates a multiplexing algorithm with a Pseudorandom Number Generator (PNG) to generate a random sequence that is totally independent of the corresponding input sequence. This multiplexing algorithm can be achieved by using a 32 MByte Random Access Memory (RAM) code book filled with random sequences where the (25 bit) input sequence will specify the address of the output bytes. Although the RAM code book algorithm is very secure, another level of complexity is added using a non-linear arithmetic operation at the output stage where the message text (400 bits) will be added to a (320 bits) random key and then evaluated for a (320 bits) random base. Both, key and base, are generated by the code book which has a period of 10E110. The overall system is considered an NP-complete problem and it is very secure under plain-text attack. <<ETX>>
Biological Learning Using The Inquiry-Based Scientifik Approach to Move Quality and Learning Motivation Concept of Plant Classification System in Class X Student of State 7 Ambon High School

Biology learning is a subject that is considered important in shaping students to be qualified. There are allegations of the low quality and low motivation of students, because: 1) There is no experience of students in learning to find and find their own concepts or material to be taught: 2) Students are not directly involved in assessment; 3) Teachers are less creative; 4). Saturation occurs with students. This study aims to improve the quality of learning and student motivation in mastering the concept of Plant Classification System in class X of SMA Negeri 7 Ambon. This study used a Classroom Action Research Design completed in three cycles. The results achieved illustrate that the better the learning managed by the teacher in the classroom, the better the quality of learning. Structured assignments, interesting material delivery, harmonious attitudes between teachers and students, between students themselves, and support by teachers increases student learning motivation. The teacher's attitude in dividing attention, concentrating group attention, reprimanding students, and providing reinforcement increases student learning motivation. The processing of classes, including: setting up learning facilities, arrangement of seating, lighting, and aeration space, is a supporting factor for the learning process and a conducive learning climate.
Preparation of a dynamic simulation model to support decision making in a shallow lake area.

This paper focuses on the demonstration of a conceptual framework and a dynamic simulation based tool, through the example of southern catchment basin of Lake Balaton. The objective is to support the sustainable and reasonable environmental management by model based investigation of various scenarios. In the developed hydrological model, the coherence is given by the compartmentalized dynamic network of water flows and water bodies. The completeness is solved by the complete and disjoint covering of the whole area by modeled patches, corresponding to the CORINE land cover database of natural and human built environment. The complexity of the large scale and long term processes is managed by evaluating detailed models only for one representative patch from each class, while the calculation of the similar patches is solved by simple multiplication rules. According to the first experiences, the developed framework is able to integrate the field experts’ knowledge (data, relations, empirical knowledge, etc.) for the prediction of land use effects besides different climatic scenarios. It is noted, that continuous extension and refinement of the model and of the involved data is necessary, especially through more realistic case studies.
Assessing water-limited crop production with a scatterometer based crop growth monitoring system

Soil moisture is one of the most important parameters influencing crop yield. In current crop growth monitoring systems (CGMS) soil moisture is simulated using water budget models that require as input meteorological observations such as rainfall, temperature, and cloud cover. The collection of the meteorological data is expensive and often the station density is low. This poses a problem because, particularly for rainfall, large errors may occur when interpolating the station data to area means. In this paper a new approach for monitoring water-limited crop production is proposed that combines the advantages of conventional crop growth models and a novel remote sensing technique. The system builds upon a CGMS that has been developed by Alterra (formerly DLO Staring Center) and is used operationally in the MARS Project (Monitoring Agriculture with Remote Sensing) by the Joint Research Center of the European Commission to monitor agricultural production in Europe and adjoining countries. However, instead of using simulated soil moisture data based on rainfall observations, the proposed system uses as input soil moisture data retrieved from ERS Scatterometer data, a low resolution active microwave instrument.
A Discrimination Model of General Shapes Using Psychological Feature Properties

shapes’depends on the purpose the recognizer has in mind, the‘general shapes’cannot be dealt with in general, while symbolic patterns such as letters of alphabet connote their categories a priori, the features that declare each symbolic patterns are evident. On the other hand, the human being can discriminate not only symbolic patterns but also‘general shapes’, for example, the random shapes dealt with in this paper. The authors consider the discrimination of the human be-
Line-end detection and boundary gap completion in an EDANN module for orientation

Explores two sources of inaccuracies originating from the use of local line detectors for inferring curve and boundary traces: (1) due to the position uncertainty of the local line detectors, ends of thin lines are not easily detected, even if cross-orientation inhibition is applied; and (2) due to the limited ability of the local line detectors to assess more global trace information gaps appear in the curve and boundary extracted. It is shown how a single EDANN (entropy drive artificial neural networks) module processing the orientation of illumination contrast compensates for these inaccuracies by performing a two-stage detection process, a competitive and a cooperative one. In the competitive stage, a vector field of tangents to curves and boundaries is extracted by using elongated receptive fields. In the cooperative stage, line-ends are extracted and boundary gaps are bridged by broadening the neuron's orientation tuning curves. <<ETX>>
Social Network Applications and Free Online Mobile Numbers: Real Risk

Social network applications are being more widely used among users and new types of such applications are created by developers. Almost all users who use smart phones are users of such application. Major concern in these applications is privacy and security. We can name WhatsApp, Viber, Facebook, Telegram, Line, WeChat and Beetalk as the most popular applications. There are also websites which provide online numbers in order to receive SMS. The goal of this website is providing anonymous virtual phone number to protect users from spam. Also these sites provide different number from different countries and let people to can use them for different application. The services of these websites are divided into two groups: subscription services in which a unique number is assigned to the user by charging him/her and free services in which user can see the received messages of some online numbers without any registration.
Analysis of the quality of digital images through a noise spectrum

This paper deals with the implementation of an algorithm for digital image quality analysis based on the Wiener technique. Image quality is evaluated through the analysis of image noise. The algorithm for Wiener spectral analysis is based on both Fourier transform and random process techniques. An interface with several menus for image analysis is also included. The results obtained with implementation of the algorithm indicate its potential for image quality analysis and its applicability not only to tomographic images but also to images obtained through other systems, which include both acquisition and digital reconstruction procedures.
Meeting the challenge: congestion and flow control strategies for broadband information transport

Determining approaches to congestion and flow control, especially real-time components in an overall strategy, is recognized as one of the fundamental challenges facing broadband packet-based information transport, e.g. in the case of B-ISDN/ATM (broadband integrated services digital network/asynchronous transfer mode). Basic issues underlying this subject are summarized and a particular approach to achieving a broadband congestion-, flow-, and error control architecture, based on a core congestion-control strategy called bandwidth management, is described. The modular and layered nature of this control architecture is described and shown to lend itself to a structured approach to characterizing the control architecture performance. <<ETX>>