Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Efficient and Smooth Methadone-to-Buprenorphine Transition Protocol Utilizing a Transdermal Fentanyl Bridge and a Pharmacokinetic Inducer: The Stanciu Method

The traditional method of transitioning from methadone to buprenorphine requires a gradual dose reduction to a low dose of 30 mg daily, followed by cessation, and addressing withdrawal symptoms prior to the initiation of buprenorphine. This process can be time-consuming and is also associated with tremendous patient suffering and adverse outcomes. In recent years, several protocols have emerged based on the notion of blunting the shift from full receptor activation to partial receptor activation via an intermediate “bridge”. This typically is required for the time period needed for the acting full agonist, methadone, to undergo biotransformation and clearance. In this report, we present an inadvertent case where transdermal fentanyl as a transitional bridge was utilized along with an inducer of methadone’s metabolism to speed up the course, and urine acidification to enhance clearance. Our patient was transitioned from moderate-dose methadone, without encountering any withdrawal symptoms in the process, in three days. This method presents yet another option for select candidates, and it allows physicians to individualize methadone-to-buprenorphine transitions.
Construction of Design Science Research Questions

© 2019 by the Association for Information Systems. Posing research questions represents a fundamental step to guide and direct how researchers develop knowledge in research. In design science research (DSR), researchers need to pose research questions to define the scope and the modes of inquiry, characterize the artifacts, and communicate the contributions. Despite the importance of research questions, research provides few guidelines on how to construct suitable DSR research questions. We fill this gap by exploring ways of constructing DSR research questions and analyzing the research questions in a sample of 104 DSR publications. We found that about two-thirds of the analyzed DSR publications actually used research questions to link their problem statements to research approaches and that most questions focused on solving problems. Based on our analysis, we derive a typology of DSR question formulation to provide guidelines and patterns that help researchers formulate research questions when conducting their DSR projects.
Process development for a pressure sensor based on a suspended gate carbon nanotube field-effect transistor

MEMS pressure sensors are used in a wide variety of applications in everyday life. Most sensor concepts are based on the deformation of a diaphragm, which is transduced into an output signal by piezoresistive, capacitive, optical or other means. For the smallest reported pressure sensors, the diaphragms are of length scales in the order of tens of μm. For some applications, size is very critical and smaller sensors than the state-of-the-art are required. In this thesis, a pressure sensor based on a carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CNFET) is proposed and developed. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have gained attraction in the past decades among other things due to their exceptional mechanical and electrical properties, and different concepts for using SWNTs in pressure sensor applications have been reported. In the here proposed sensor concept, the key element is a suspended top gate upon a deformable diaphragm, which is integrated across a CNFET. Pressure changes vary the gap between the top gate and the SWNT channel, which leads to a change in the induced electric field, and therefore the CNFET current is modulated. Appropriate design dimensions are obtained by finite element simulations, according to which test diaphragms are fabricated. The developed fabrication process allows to produce ultra-small thin film diaphragms using a dry XeF2 silicon sacrificial layer etch. Diaphragms with 1 10 μm radius and 30 50 nm thickness are fabricated, and the diaphragm material ALD Al2O3 is optimized in terms of residual stress. A method for sealing the access holes, employing 1.7 μm thick aluminum structured by lift-off, is proposed and successfully implemented. The process flow for CNFET fabrication is improved in several aspects. By using SEM instead of AFM, the time required to localize the SWNTs for drawing individual masks can be significantly reduced. Selective etching of SWNTs is introduced into the process flow to remove the excess tubes surrounding the selected SWNTs. The influence of the top gate architecture on the CNFET characteristics is tested by electrical measurements. Suspended gate CNFETs with good device characteristics can be fabricated at an acceptable yield. The proposed concept of transistor current modulation with changing gap is proven by pressure sensor measurements. The transfer characteristics of two measured devices, obtained at different pressures in the range of 1 2.2 bar, show a distinct and reversible pressure dependence in accordance with the proposed modulation. Based on the measurements, a normalized sensitivity in the order of ∼10%/bar is determined, which is a remarkable value considering the very small size (3 μm radius) of the employed diaphragms. Additionally, the devices operate at a very low power of 30 nW. vii
An Extended CSP for Service-Oriented Architectures

The Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) paradigm is based on service composition, that is, loosely coupled autonomous heterogeneous services, which are collectively composed to implement a particular task. This paper presents a new calculus for SOA within the framework of CSP process algebra, showing how services can be defined, invoked, orchestrated and terminated within session hierarchies. Additionally, the new proposal, called SoaCSP, introduces a new method to achieve picalculus style mobility within CSP. We provide a formal, operational semantics for the new calculus, and illustrate its expressiveness with examples.
The Case of a Converging Economy

The Cobb-Douglas production function is often used to analyse the supply-side performance and measurement of a country’s productive potential. This functional form, however, includes the assumption of a constant share of labor in output, which may be too restrictive for a converging country. For example, labor share in the Czech Republic gradually increased over the last decade. In this paper, we test whether this fact renders the application of the Cobb-Douglas production function unreliable for the Czech economy. We apply a more general form of production function and allow labor share to develop according to the empirical data. For the period 1995–2005, we do not find significant difference between the calculation of the supply side of the Czech economy by the Cobb-Douglas production function and a more general production function.
School Vouchers: a Survey of the Economics Literature

We review the theoretical, computational, and empirical research on school vouchers, with a focus on the latter. In this substantial body of work, many studies find insignificant effects of vouchers on educational outcomes; however, multiple positive findings support continued exploration. Specifically, the empirical research on small scale programs does not suggest that awarding students a voucher is a systematically reliable way to improve educational outcomes. Nevertheless, in some settings, or for some subgroups or outcomes, vouchers can have a substantial positive effect on those who use them. Studies of large scale voucher programs find student sorting as a result of their implementation, although of varying magnitude. Evidence on both small scale and large scale programs suggests that competition induced by vouchers leads public schools to improve. Moreover, research is making progress on understanding how vouchers may be designed to limit adverse effects from sorting while preserving positive effects related to competition. Finally, our sense is that work originating in a single case (e.g., a given country) or in a single research approach (e.g., experimental designs) will not provide a full understanding of voucher effects; fairly wide ranging empirical and theoretical work will be necessary to make progress.
Utility maximization and melioration: Internalities in individual choice

How do people go about choosing between alternatives in relatively simple settings? This study explores some of the variables that past work suggests may be relevant. Volunteer subjects worked for money in six procedures in which the probability of a payment from either of two alternatives was 1.0, but the rate of pay (i.e. the speed with which a payment was delivered or the size of the payment) interacted with the subjects recent allocation of choices, which we define as the ‘internalities’. Because of the internalities, choosing the currently more profitable alternative did not maximize total earnings. Subjects were more likely to fail to maximize when the interaction between present pay and past choices was spread over longer sequences of choices, or when the reward variable was the speed, rather than the value, of each payment. Subjects often disregarded the internalities and were instead guided by the current yields of the two alternatives, which is a frequently observed tendency, called ‘melioration’, in experiments on choices by animals. The tendency toward melioration was only partially counteracted by explicit instructions on how to maximize earnings. We discuss a theoretical framework for melioration that postulates both motivational and cognitive sources.
HOW DOES ECONOMIC SOCIAL AND CULTURAL STATUS AFFECT THE EFFICIENCY OF EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTS? A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON PISA RESULTS

This paper aims at investigating the effect of Economic Social and Cultural Status (ESCS) on the education performances of students, using the latest available waves of Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) survey (2009, 2012). The analysis is conducted at student level for all countries included in the PISA sample. The estimates are based on the conditional Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), applied for the first time in the Slack Based Measure. This method allows a detailed evaluation of the additional effort the students should do when they are operating in an ESCS that has a comparative disadvantage. Evidence is provided of a significant effect of the ESCS on student performances, with a strong heterogeneity among countries. It follows that some problems with the education sector may not be due to the education systems themselves, but to the economic, social and cultural gaps, which determine a persistence of inequality of opportunity.
An item response theory analysis of the Forensic Restrictiveness Questionnaire (FRQ)

ABSTRACT Forensic psychiatric care settings are intended to be more therapeutic than penal settings. More homely, recovery-oriented, person-centered, and less overtly punitive. However, forensic inpatient hospitals are highly secure, risk averse, and can diminish patient autonomy. A body of research is investigating how patients experience care and how these experiences are associated with treatment outcomes. The self-report FORENSIC RESTRICTIVENESS QUESTIONNAIRE (FRQ) is a 15-item measure of patients’ perceptions of the restrictions upon their autonomy. There has been interest in validating the FRQ in several countries. Despite preliminary empirical support for the FRQ, its psychometric properties are not well understood. In this paper we draw on Item-Response Theory (IRT) to investigate the properties of individual FRQ items to identify candidate items for alteration, removal or retention to assist researchers validating the FRQ in new contexts. Results suggest the FRQ is more sensitive to measuring the perceptions of patients that have above average amounts of perceived restrictiveness. Measurement error rises sharply for the approximately 5% highest scoring respondents but is low for the majority of individuals. Users are likely to respond in a dichotomised manner and not use the ‘Not Sure’ option. The response category ‘Not Applicable’ should be removed from a revised FRQ.
Collateralization and Funding Valuation Adjustments (FVA) for Total Return Swaps and Forward Contracts

In this paper we consider the valuation of total return swaps (TRS). Since a total return swap is a collateralized derivative referencing the value process of an uncollateralized asset it is in general not possible that both counter parties agree on a unique value. Consequently it is not possible to have cash collateralization of the total return swap matching each counterparts valuation. The total return swap is a collateralized derivative with a natural funding valuation adjustment.We develop a model for valuation and risk management of TRS where we assume that collateral is posted according to the mid average (or convex combination) of the valuations performed by both counterparts. This results in a coupled and recursive system of equations for the valuation of the TRS.The main result of the paper is that we can provide explicit formulas for the collateral and the FVA, eliminating the recursiveness which is naturally encountered in such formulas, by assuming a natural collateralization scheme.Although the paper focuses on total return swaps, the principles developed here are generally applicable in situations where collateralized assets reference uncollaterlized or partially collateralized underlings.
Ultralow Frequency Waves as an Intermediary for Solar Wind Energy Input Into the Radiation Belts

Enhancements of electron fluxes in the outer radiation belt have been closely linked to increases in solar wind speed and density as well as to prolonged intervals of southward interplanetary magnetic field. Periodic oscillations in the Earth's magnetic field with frequencies in the range of a few millihertz (ultralow frequency or ultralow frequency waves) may be an intermediary through which these solar wind drivers influence radiation belt dynamics due to their potential for resonant interactions with energetic electrons causing the radial migration of resonant electrons. Using data from more than 180 ground magnetometers contributing to the worldwide SuperMAG collaboration, we explore possible relationships between relativistic electron flux variations and the spatial and temporal profiles of ultralow frequency wave power contained in the Pc5 frequency band (2–7 mHz). During 19 geomagnetic storms marked by relativistic (1.5 MeV < E < 6 MeV) electron flux enhancements and 19 storms that led to prolonged electron flux depletions, Pc5 wave power is found penetrating to L shells as low as 2–3. The enhancement of Pc5 wave power starts almost simultaneously with the storm onset. The depth of wave activity penetration was found associated with the strength of geomagnetic activity (Spearman's ρ = 0.54), which is also related to the location of electron flux maximum observed in the recovery phase. Pc5 wave activity persists longer (for up to ≈62 hr) for those storms that produced relativistic electrons. We also investigate the combination of interplanetary conditions necessary to differentiate the response of relativistic electron fluxes to geomagnetic storms. A coupling function that captures the increased reconnection rate at the dayside magnetopause affecting magnetospheric processes which may produce Pc5 wave power offers an additional key to further understanding the outer belt dynamics.
Physiological Concentrations of DHEA in Human Hair

In 1974, steroids were added to the list of doping agents banned by the Intemational Olympic Committee because of their effects on the performance of the athletes. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a steroid hormone naturally produced by the adrenal glands and by the ovaries. DHEA can he converted into other hormones, including estrogen and testosterone. In the United States, DHEA is classified as a nutritional supplement. This is not the case in France, where the drug is listed as a doping agent. As athletes can abuse DHEA to benefit from its conversion to testosterone, there is a need to establish the physiological range of DHEA concentrations in human hair. DHEA was investigated in hair obtained from 27 control subjects, including 15 males and 12 females aged 17-42 years. After decontamination with dichloromethane, 100 mg of hair was incubated in 1M NaOH in presence of 1 ng of testosterone-d 3. After neutralization, the extract was purified using solid-phase extraction with Isolute Cts columns and subsequent liquid-liquid extraction with Ijentane. After silylation, DHEA was analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometry. Results were linear in the range 1-20 pg/mg. Relative extraction recovery was 91.6% with a limit of detection of 0.5 pg/mg. Concentrations were in the range 1.2-6.7 pg/mg (mean value of 4.3 pg/mg) and 0.5 to 10.6 pg/mg (mean value of 5.3 pg/mg) for the males and females, respectively. Extensive chromatographic procedures (two purification steps by solid-phase and liquid-liquid extraction, combined with injection of 4 IJt through the column in pulsed mode) were analytical prerequisites for successful identification of DHEA in hair because of the low target concentrations. This new technology may find useful applications in anabolic abuse control.
Phase boundary and electric field induced polarization rotation in lead-free Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3

ABSTRACT Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 (BZT-xBCT) is a promising lead-free ferroelectric system with high piezoelectricity. Here we carry out phenomenological calculations to explore phase stability and electric field induced phase transition. Study of free energy variation near phase boundaries revealed ultralow energy barrier in single orthorhombic phase region and phase coexistence around inter-ferroelectric transitions. The calculated critical electric field for tetragonal-orthorhombic transition is in reasonable agreement with experimental data. Temperature–composition phase diagram under [001], [011] and [111] oriented electric field are computed, and polarization rotation associated monoclinic structures are studied.
Community Detection in Dynamic Social Networks: A Multi-Agent Aya based on Electric Field

In recent years, several approaches have been proposed in order to detect communities in social networks. Most of them suffer from the recurrent problems: no detection of overlapping communities, exponential running time, no detection of all possible communities transformations, don’t consider the properties of social members, inability to deal with large scale networks, etc. Multi-agent systems are very suitable for modeling the phenomena in which various autonomous entities in inter-actions able to evolve in a dynamic environment. Considering the advantages of multi-agent simulations for social networks, in the present study, an incremental multi-agent system based on electric field is proposed. In this approach, a group of autonomous agents work together to discover the dynamic communities. Indeed, an agent is associated to each detected community. To update its community according to the dynamic of its members, each agent creates an electric field around it. It applies an attractive force to add very connected and similar members and neighboring communities. In the same time, it applies a repulsive force to reject some members and to get away from other communities. These forces are based on the structural and attributes similarity. To study the performance of this approach, set of different experiments is performed. The obtained results show the efficiency of the proposed model that was able to overcome all mentioned problems.
FISHES OF ARCHIPELAGO OF REVILLAGIGEDO ISLANDS: A SYSTEMATIC AND BIOGEOGRAPHIC UPDATE

We present a comprehensive and update checklist systematic of the icthyofauna of this insular region, which is comprised by 366 species, 241 genera, 101 families, 28 orders and tree classes. The families with the most richness specific were: Carangidae (20 spp.), Serranidae (19) and Muraenidae (18). Socorro Island was recorded 220 species, Clarion Island 179, San Benedicto Island 128; followed by Roca Partida Island 62. This diversity as well as endemic species number is relationship with the surface of each island. There is a higher similarity ictiofaunistic between Clarion Island and Socorro Island; while, the lowest similarity was between San Benedicto Island and Roca Partida Island. The ichthyogeography of the Revillagigedo Archipelago has a higher affinity with the Panamic province (42.3%), followed by the Cortes (41.5%). A higher number of species are of the wide distribution (circumglobal: 21 %; amphipacific 22.4 %). Also, endemic species are represented by 26 species (7.1%).
Cognitive Approach | Simply Psychology

Cognitive psychology became of great importance in the mid-1950s. Several factors were important in this: 1. Disatisfaction with the behaviorist approach in its simple emphasis on external behavior rather than internal processes. 2. The development of better experimental methods. 3. Comparison between human and computer processing of information. The emphasis of psychology shifted away from the study of conditioned behavior and psychoanalytical notions about the study of the mind, towards the understanding of human information processing, using strict and rigorous laboratory investigation.
Approaches for Electrochemical Engineers : An Introduction through Surrogate Model Development for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Data science, hailed as the fourth paradigm of science, is a rapidly growing field which has served to revolutionize the fields of bio-informatics and climate science and can provide significant speed improvements in the discovery of new materials, mechanisms, and simulations. Data science techniques are often used to analyze and predict experimental data, but they can also be used with simulated data to create surrogate models. Chief among the data science techniques in this application is machine learning (ML), which is an effective means for creating a predictive relationship between input and output vector pairs. Physics-based battery models, like the comprehensive pseudo-two-dimensional (P2D) model, offer increased physical insight, increased predictability, and an opportunity for optimization of battery performance which is not possible with equivalent circuit (EC) models. In this work, ML-based surrogate models are created and analyzed for accuracy and execution time. Decision trees (DTs), random forests (RFs), and gradient boosted machines (GBMs) are shown to offer trade-offs between training time, execution time, and accuracy. Their ability to predict the dynamic behavior of the physics-based model are examined and the corresponding execution times are extremely encouraging for use in time-critical applications while still maintaining very high (∼99%) accuracy. © The Author(s) 2018. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse of the work in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. [DOI: 10.1149/2.1391714jes]