Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Oxygen Delivery Characteristics of the Hudson Oxy-one Face Mask

The inspired oxygen fraction (FIO2) delivered by the Hudson Oxy-one face mask was measured under changing conditions of ventilation, oxygen flow rate to mask, and mask fit. A single trained subject sat in a body plethysmograph to measure ventilation and breathed at a constant rate of 15 per minute at three different tidal volumes, of approximately 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 litres, from the mouthpiece in the plethysmograph. The Oxy-one face mask was fitted to a plaster-of Paris face model on the outside of the plethysmograph in a loose and then in a tight fashion. Oxygen concentration was continuously monitored from a point in the metal tube connecting the face model to the mouthpiece. The tightly fitting mask demonstrated an orderly reduction in FIO2 as ventilation increased and oxygen flow rate to the mask decreased. The mean FIO2 at a ventilation of 4.5 l.min-1 and 8 l.min-1 oxygen flow was 78% and this fell to 27% at a ventilation of 16 l.min-1 and oxygen flow of 2 l.min-1. The loosely fitting mask demonstrated larger SD of measurements and lower mean maximum FIO2 values of 46 to 49% and these fell in an irregular fashion to similar minimum values as ventilation increased and oxygen flow decreased. Although the precise definition of the FIO2 for each breath from the changing concentration during each inspiration was not possible, these results indicate that FIO2 changes in a predictable way as a function of ventilation and oxygen flow, if the mask is close fitting. This method could be conveniently used to study other oxygen delivery systems.
Living in an Age of Precarity in 21st Century Asia

ABSTRACT The term “precarity” pays attention to the various ways in which policies and processes that promote economic growth can also, at the same time, induce a state of precarity or precarious living. In this introductory article, we interrogate one of the paradoxes of Asian development: greater precarity set against the backdrop of an economic “miracle. ” The focus is on how policies and processes that are part of neo-liberal orthodoxy create new forms of marginalisation or precarity and new classes of the marginalised or the precariat. These include: transnational migrants without basic protection; factory workers employed on casual contracts; elderly with no old age state support; minorities dispossessed by land grabbing or resettled to make way for mega-projects; and farmers facing declining terms of trade, shrinking landholdings, and growing debts as they invest in new farm technologies. These disparate experiences provide a telling antidote to the growth-at-all-costs philosophy that favours economic expansion over matters of distribution, material prosperity over human flourishing, and corporate profitability over workers’ basic incomes.
Approaches to CMOS integration of epitaxial gadolinium oxide high-K dielectrics

Two process concepts for integration of novel gate stacks with epitaxial high-k dielectrics and metal gate electrodes are presented. A "gate first" process based on a planar gate stack on ultra thin SOI material has been used for successful fabrication of MOSFETs with TiN/Gd 2O3 gate stack. Furthermore MOSFETs with W/Gd2O3 gate stack have been fabricated with a replacement gate process. This is the first successful attempt to integrate crystalline high-K dielectrics into a "gentle" damascene metal gate process in order to reduce process induced oxide damages
Developing diagnostic criteria in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia.

Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM) is a poorly characterized B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder. There are a relatively limited number of detailed clinicopathological assessments, while the majority of clinical trials have been nonrandomized, single-institution phase II studies. Unfortunately progress in this disorder has been hindered by a lack of universally accepted diagnostic criteria. It is clear that criteria incorporating clinical, morphological, immunophenotypic, and, ultimately, genotypic parameters are needed for future clinical trails. Following a detailed clinicopathological assessment of 111 patients and a review of the published literature the following diagnostic criteria were proposed for WM: IgM monoclonal gammopathy of any concentration, bone marrow infiltration by small lymphocytes, plasmacytoid cells and plasma cells in a diffuse, interstitial or nodular pattern, and a surface Ig(+)CD19(+)CD20(+)CD5(-)CD10(-)CD23(-) immunophenotype.
Characterization of Cyclooxygenase in Laryngeal Papilloma by Molecular Techniques

Objectives: Demonstrate the induction of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) in laryngeal papilloma. Discuss the possible causal role of COX‐2 in papilloma formation. Consider the potential for treatment of papilloma using selective COX‐2 inhibitors. Study Design: Molecular biological analysis of COX‐1 and COX‐2 in laryngeal papilloma. Methods: Tissue samples from five patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) were analyzed by in situ hybridization, immunohistochemical staining, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) techniques. Results: In situ hybridization to COX‐2 mRNA showed strong autoradiographic signal surrounding fibrovascular cores. COX‐1 autoradiographic signal was low intensity or nondetectable. Normal buccal mucosa biopsies showed low‐density or nondetectable autoradiographic signal for both COX‐1 and COX‐2 mRNAs. In situ hybridization results were corroborated by RT‐PCR studies. Levels of COX‐2 mRNA were 13‐fold more than those in normal mucosa. Immunohistochemical staining for COX‐1 and COX‐2 showed a similar pattern to that seen with in situ hybridization in both normal and papilloma tissues. Conclusions: There is an elevation of COX‐2 expression in papilloma tissues. This may represent a causal role of COX‐2 in the formation and proliferation of laryngeal papilloma. There may also be a role for selective COX‐2 inhibition for the treatment of RRP.
Effect of DDAVP on nocturnal enuresis in a patient with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

The case of an 8 year old boy with both nocturnal enuresis and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is presented. Diagnosis of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus was based on a typical medical history, the characteristic result of a fluid restriction test, the lack of an effect of 1-desamino-8-d-arginine (DDAVP) on both urine osmolality and plasma coagulation factors and, finally, the detection of a hemizygous missense mutation within the arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptor gene. Hydrochlorothiazide treatment and dietary measures reduced the patient’s urine volume to one third of its original volume. However, this had no effect on enuresis. The daily intranasal application of DDAVP did not further reduce urine output but dramatically decreased the frequency of bed wetting. This observation contradicts the common notion that the therapeutic effect of DDAVP in nocturnal enuresis is the result of compensation for a nocturnal AVP deficit. Rather, it points to a different mode of action of DDAVP in patients with enuresis. It is hypothesised that central AVP receptors are a target of DDAVP and that they might play an important role in the pathogenesis of nocturnal enuresis.
'Smart' homes and telecare for independent living

Telecare services and 'smart' homes share a common technological base in information technology and telecommunications. There is growing interest in both telecare services and smart homes, although they have been studied in isolation. Telecare has been driven largely by perceived cost savings and improved service delivery to the home, leading to improved quality of life and independent living. Smart homes are also expected to provide better and safer living conditions. The integration of the two should produce more secure and autonomous living. There are different forms of telecare services, as there are different types of smart homes, each ranging from basic systems involving the use of alarms and the ordinary telephone to intelligent monitoring with sensors and interactive communication. The introduction of these systems has policy implications, such as the need for coordination between health, social services and housing policy makers, which will reduce duplication and inefficient allocation of resources. Successful delivery of telecare to the home is as much dependent on the construction and condition of the housing stock as it is on the ability of the care provider to meet users' needs. If the UK National Health Service (NHS) could replace a significant proportion of domiciliary nursing visits by telephone calls, then savings of up to 200 million per annum would be possible.
Esthetic evaluation of single-tooth implants in the anterior mandible.

OBJECTIVES Single-tooth replacement of anterior mandibular teeth is frequently complicated by insufficient bucco-lingual bone width and limited mesio-distal space available for implant placement. The aim of the present study was to assess implant esthetics in the partially edentulous anterior mandible. MATERIAL AND METHODS Esthetic evaluation of 43 anterior mandibular single-tooth implants in 15 women and 28 men was performed using esthetic indices (PES = Pink Esthetic Score, PI = Papilla Index, SES = Subjective Esthetic Score) as well as subjective patients' Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) ratings. Clinical and radiological parameters (implant and crown dimensions, pocket depth, bleeding on probing, plaque, keratinized mucosa, marginal bone level, and distance to adjacent teeth) were tested for influence. RESULTS Implant esthetics were judged satisfactory (PES ≤10) in 42% of implants compared with a patient satisfaction rate of 87%. Correlation between objective indices (PES/PI: rs = 0.62, PES/SES: rs = -0.73, PI/SES: rs = -0.48) was highly significant (P ≤ 0.001); however, no association to subjective patients' ratings could be observed. Type of prosthetic restoration (single crown vs. tulip-shaped double crowns), mesio-distal crown width as well as anatomic crown length significantly affected esthetic scores. Patients' judgment, by contrast, could not be associated to any prognostic factor. CONCLUSION Subjective patient satisfaction with implant esthetics in the partially edentulous anterior mandible is high, however, remains hard to predict or objectively quantify.
Psychometric Measures of Boredom: A Review of the Literature

Abstract This research presents a review of the psychometric measures on boredom that have been developed over the past 25 years. Specifically, the author examined the Boredom Proneness Scale (BPS; R. Farmer & N. D. Sundberg, 1986), the job boredom scales by E. A. Grubb (1975) and T. W. Lee (1986), a boredom coping measure (J. A. Hamilton, R. J. Haier, & M. S. Buchsbaum, 1984). 2 scales that assess leisure and free-time boredom (S. E. Iso-Ahola & E. Weissinger, 1990; M. G. Ragheb & S. P. Merydith, 2001), the Sexual Boredom Scale (SBS; J. D. Watt & J. E. Ewing, 1996), and the Boredom Susceptibility (BS) subscale of the Sensation Seeking Scale (M. Zuckerman, 1979a). Particular attention is devoted to discussing the literature regarding the psychometric properties of the BPS because it is the only full-scale measure on the construct of boredom.
Deployment after limb salvage for high-energy lower-extremity trauma

BACKGROUND Many wounded warriors experienced high-energy lower-extremity trauma (HELET) that may be limb threatening. Volumetric muscle loss, posttraumatic osteoarthritis, nerve injuries, and pain may severely limit physical function. Several wounded warriors express a strong desire to return to their units and be deployed in their original military occupational specialty. We began the return-to-run (RTR) clinical pathway at our institution 2 years ago to facilitate high-performance goals such as these. It involves an energy storing ankle foot orthosis, the intrepid dynamic exoskeletal orthosis in combination with high-intensity, progression-oriented rehabilitation. We sought to determine the rate of deployment or predeployment training after participation in this noninvasive intervention. METHODS A retrospective analysis of the RTR database was performed to determine the rate of deployment or predeployment training among those service members who began participation in the RTR between November of 2009 and March of 2011. Medical records were reviewed for demographics, injury, surgical data, and major complications. Requests for delayed amputation were recorded, and charts were reviewed to determine if patients eventually elected to proceed with amputation or if they chose to continue with limb salvage. RESULTS Between November 2009 and March 2011, 87 service members completed the RTR. Of these, 17 (19.5%) have been deployed to combat or are in predeployment training. Sixteen serve in combat arms (nine Special Forces, four infantry/ranger, two combat engineers, and one gunner), and one is a member of the military intelligence community. Fifteen patients sustained their injuries as a result of HELET (four gunshot, five motor vehicle collisions, four explosions, one parachute injury, and one fall from height), one had idiopathic avascular necrosis of the talus, and one had an iatrogenic nerve injury after pelvic surgery. Six of the patients underwent circular external fixation, five received joint fusions (three ankle, two subtalar joint), and nine had major nerve injuries. Four initially desired amputation of their injured limb but have subsequently countermanded their request. CONCLUSION Returning to high-level physical function after HELET is challenging. After implementation of the RTR clinical pathway with the intrepid dynamic exoskeletal orthosis, 19.5% of wounded warriors treated with the RTR have been deployed or will be deployed in the coming year. Level of evidence Therapeutic study, level V.
Comparison in Gnotobiotic Pigs of Lesions Caused by Verotoxigenic and Non-verotoxigenic Escherichia coli

To compare the pathogenesis of calf and rabbit strains of E. coli. gnotobiotic pigs were infected with 1010 colony forming units (cfu) of verotoxigenic strain RDEC-1 or S102-9, or a non-verotoxigenic E. coli (X114/83). Pigs were killed 4 days later, and intestinal tissue was fixed and examined by light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. Strains S102-9 and RDEC-1 caused diarrhea, attached to enterocytes, and effaced microvilli, confirming that the calf and rabbit strains possessed similar mechanisms of pathogenicity. Non-verotoxigenic strain X114/83 did not cause diarrhea, but in 5/5 piglets it was detected in histological sections adherent to enterocyte surfaces. Exfoliated enterocytes were seen in 4/5. Bacteria attached to enterocytes by “cups” and “pedestals,” with effacement of microvilli, were seen by electron microscopy in 1/5 piglets. It was concluded that strain S102-9 appears to be an animal equivalent of human enterohemorrhagic E. coli. that verotoxin is not essential in the pathogenesis of attaching and effacing lesions, and that the lesions induced by S102-9 are more severe in gnotobiotic pigs than in gnotobiotic or conventional calves.
Comparison of skewness-based salient event detector algorithms in speech

In this work, we compare two skewness-based salient event detector algorithms, which can detect transients in human speech signals. Speech transients are characterized by rapid changes in signal energy. The purpose of this study was to compare the identification of transients by two different methods based on skewness calculation in order to develop a method to be used in studying the processing of speech transients in the human brain. The first method, the skewness in variable time (SKV) finds transients using a cochlear model. The skewness of the energy distribution for a variable time window is implemented on artificial neural networks. The second method, the automatic segmentation method for transient detection (RoT) is more speech segmentation-based and developed for detecting transient-speech segment ratio in spoken records. In the current study, the test corpus included Hungarian and English speech recorded from different speakers (2 male and 2 female for both languages) Results were compared by the F-measure, the Jaccard similarity index, and the Hamming distance. The results of the two algorithms were also tested against a hand-labeled corpus annotated by linguistic experts for an absolute assessment of the performance of the two methods. Transient detection was tested once for onset events alone and, separately, for onset and offset events together. The results show that in most cases, the RoT method works better on the expert labeled databases. Using F measure with +-25ms window length the following results were obtained when all type of transient events were evaluated: 0,664 on English and 0,834 on Hungarian. Otherwise, the two methods identify the same stimulus features as the transients also coinciding with those hand-labeled by experts.
A wideband 4-port MIMO antenna using leaf-shaped notch antennas

This study presents a design of a wideband 4-port antenna array which is useful for MIMO applications. In the designed antenna array that operates over the frequency range from 7.25 to 10.25GHz, leaf-shaped notch antennas are employed as the radiating elements. In order to enhance the isolation between antenna elements, the radiating elements are arranged on the substrate such that polarizations of adjacent elements are orthogonal to each other. Characteristics of the designed antenna array are evaluated by the finite-difference time domain (FDTD) analysis. Over the above-mentioned frequency range, the designed antenna has the reflection coefficient of less than −10dB and the mutual coupling between ports below −19dB.
Common Factors in Equity Option Returns

This paper studies the factor structure of the cross-section of delta-hedged equity option returns. We ﬁnd that a four-factor model explains the cross-section and time-series of equity option returns. Out of the four factors, three are characteristic based factors from the long-short option portfolios based on ﬁrm size, idiosyncratic volatility, and the diﬀerence between implied and historical volatilities. The fourth factor is the market volatility risk factor proxied by the delta-hedged option return of the the S&P 500 index.
The Pharmacological and Functional Characteristics of the Serotonin 5-HT3A Receptor Are Specifically Modified by a 5-HT3B Receptor Subunit*

While homomers containing 5-HT3A subunits form functional ligand-gated serotonin (5-HT) receptors in heterologous expression systems (Jackson, M. B., and Yakel, J. L. (1995) Annu. Rev. Physiol. 57, 447–468; Lambert, J. J., Peters, J. A. , and Hope, A. G. (1995) in Ligand-Voltage-Gated Ion Channels (North, R., ed) pp. 177–211, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL), it has been proposed that native receptors may exist as heteromers (Fletcher, S., and Barnes, N. M. (1998) Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 19, 212–215). We report the cloning of a subunit 5-HT3B with ∼44% amino acid identity to 5-HT3A that specifically modified 5-HT3Areceptor kinetics, voltage dependence, and pharmacology. Co-expression of 5-HT3B with 5-HT3A modified the duration of 5-HT3 receptor agonist-induced responses, linearized the current-voltage relationship, increased agonist and antagonist affinity, and reduced cooperativity between subunits. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in situhybridization revealed co-localization of both 5-HT3B and 5-HT3A in a population of neurons in the amygdala, telencephalon, and entorhinal cortex. Furthermore, 5-HT3Aand 5-HT3B mRNAs were expressed in spleen and intestine. Our data suggest that 5-HT3B might contribute to tissue-specific functional changes in 5-HT3-mediated signaling and/or modulation.
Comparison of preribosomal RNA processing pathways in yeast, plant and human cells – focus on coordinated action of endo‐ and exoribonucleases

Proper regulation of ribosome biosynthesis is mandatory for cellular adaptation, growth and proliferation. Ribosome biogenesis is the most energetically demanding cellular process, which requires tight control. Abnormalities in ribosome production have severe consequences, including developmental defects in plants and genetic diseases (ribosomopathies) in humans. One of the processes occurring during eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis is processing of the ribosomal RNA precursor molecule (pre‐rRNA), synthesized by RNA polymerase I, into mature rRNAs. It must not only be accurate but must also be precisely coordinated with other phenomena leading to the synthesis of functional ribosomes: RNA modification, RNA folding, assembly with ribosomal proteins and nucleocytoplasmic RNP export. A multitude of ribosome biogenesis factors ensure that these events take place in a correct temporal order. Among them are endo‐ and exoribonucleases involved in pre‐rRNA processing. Here, we thoroughly present a wide spectrum of ribonucleases participating in rRNA maturation, focusing on their biochemical properties, regulatory mechanisms and substrate specificity. We also discuss cooperation between various ribonucleolytic activities in particular stages of pre‐rRNA processing, delineating major similarities and differences between three representative groups of eukaryotes: yeast, plants and humans.
Thrombosis and Anticoagulation in Palliative Care: An Evolving Clinical Challenge

There is a clear recognition of the relationship between thrombosis and neoplastic diseases. In recent years, there have been a few reports dealing with some of the features of clinical progression and management of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in palliative care patients. In this report, we present four cases that describe some of the diverse aspects of this clinically challenging area to illustrate the symptom and quality of life issues for patients, and the management challenge for palliative care clinicians. Perhaps the most important issue in the palliative care setting is the need to balance the inconvenience of the various diagnostic and therapeutic options, particularly in settings where progression has resulted in a deteriorated physical and cognitive condition. We need to recognize that VTE does cause significant problems for some of our patients. We will always need to balance issues of life expectancy, comfort and quality of life, and risk and benefits of anticoagulation, and align these problems with the individual patient, and the family dynamics and desires we encounter.
[Influence of extremely low frequency magnetic field on total protein and -sh groups concentrations in liver homogenates].

BACKGROUND Free radicals are atoms, molecules or their fragments, whose excess leads to the development of oxidative stress, the cause of many neoplastic, neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases, as well as aging of organisms. Industrial pollution, tobacco smoke, ionizing radiation, ultrasound and magnetic fields are the major exogenous sources of free radicals. The low frequency mag- netic field is commonly applied in physiotherapy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of extremely low frequency magnetic field (1L.F-MF) on the concentration ofsullhydryl groups (-SH) and proteins in liver tissues of experimental animals de- pending on the time of exposure to the field. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty one Sprague-D)awley male rats, aged 3-4 months were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups (each containing 7 animals): controls (group I), the rats exposed to IEI.F-MF of 40 Hz, 7 mT (this kind of the ELF-MF is mostly used in magnetotherapy), 30 min/day for 2 weeks (group II) and the rats exposed to 40 Hz, 7 mT for 60 min/day for 2 weeks (group III). The concentrations of proteins and sulfhydryl groups in the liver tissues were determined after exposure to magnetic fields. RESULTS Exposure to low magnetic field: 40 Hz, 7 mT for 30 min/day and 60 min/day for 2 weeks caused a significant increase in the concentration of-SH groups and total protein levels in the liver tissues. CONCLUSIONS The study results suggest that exposure to magnetic fields leads to the development of adaptive mechanisms to maintain the balance in the body oxidation-reduction and in the case of the studied parameters does not depend on the time of exposure.