Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Food traceability system awareness and agricultural operation: A Study of tea farms in Fujian, China

China is establishing a Food Traceability System (FTS), but the policy implementation is behind most developed countries. The lack of FTS awareness may be a factor contributing to farming practices that are not consistent with FTS policies. Furthermore, the structure of an agri-food supply chain is a factor influencing farms’ compliance with FTS. The present study focuses on pesticide residue control and traceability issues in one of the largest tea production areas in China. It aims to examine the effect of FTS awareness and related policies on tea farms’ operations as well as the influences of supply chain structure on the effects of policy awareness.In this study the data were collected from Fujian province, which is a traditional, major tea-growing region in China with 18% of national production. Farms were recruited through a Stratified Sampling procedure that included 428 participating farms from the four largest tea-producing counties in Fujian. The participating farms answered questions regarding their awareness of FTS and related policies as well as the supply chain structure. The participants also reported their agricultural record-keeping practices related to pesticide residue control, including pesticide use, pesticide residue test, and sales record.The results reveal that farm owners’ or operators’ FTS awareness has a positive effect on pesticide use and sales record-keeping practice, and the supply chain structure importantly moderates the effects of policy awareness on operations related to pesticide residue control. Compared to independent growers, tea farms within an integrated supply chain were more likely to take pesticide residue tests or keep sales records. The results suggest that increasing FTS awareness among tea growers would be crucial to establish a safe and traceable system. Furthermore, governments need to take the supply chain structure into account.
A LITERATURE REVIEW ON HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE DENOISING

Abstrac t: Hyperspectral images are three-dimensional images. These consist of two types of domains. They were spatial domain and spectral domain. Hyperspectral image contains very much contamination while capturing from a spectral camera. These images can be captured at a particular wavelength using the electromagnetic spectrum. To eliminate this noise various techniques are there. A few of them are 1. Global low-rank representation 2.
Cardiac Arrhythmia Prediction by Adaptive Analysis via Bluetooth

In this work, the development of a data acquisition system for adaptive monitoring based on a dynamic quadratic neural unit is presented. Acquisition of the continuous signal is achieved with the BITalino biomedical data acquisition card. The system is trained sample-by-sample with a real time recurrent learning method. Then, possible cardiac arrhythmia is predicted by implementing the adaptive monitoring in real time to recognize patterns that predict cardiac arrhythmia up to 1 second in advance. For the evaluation of the interface, tests are performed using the obtained signal in real time
University of Groningen Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) Activation and FXR Genetic Variation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Background: We previously showed that activation of the bile salt nuclear receptor Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) protects against intestinal inflammation in mice. Reciprocally, these inflammatory mediators may decrease FXR activation. We investigated whether FXR activation is repressed in the ileum and colon of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients in remission. Additionally, we evaluated whether genetic variation in FXR is associated with IBD. Methods: mRNA expression of FXR and FXR target gene SHP was determined in ileal and colonic biopsies of patients with Crohn’s colitis (n = 15) and ulcerative colitis (UC; n = 12), all in clinical remission, and healthy controls (n = 17). Seven common tagging SNPs and two functional SNPs in FXR were genotyped in 2355 Dutch IBD patients (1162 Crohn’s disease (CD) and 1193 UC) and in 853 healthy controls. Results: mRNA expression of SHP in the ileum is reduced in patients with Crohn’s colitis but not in patients with UC compared to controls. mRNA expression of villus marker Villin was correlated with FXR and SHP in healthy controls, a correlation that was weaker in UC patients and absent in CD patients. None of the SNPs was associated with IBD, UC or CD, nor with clinical subgroups of CD. Conclusions: FXR activation in the ileum is decreased in patients with Crohn’s colitis. This may be secondary to altered enterohepatic circulation of bile salts or transrepression by inflammatory signals but does not seem to be caused by the studied SNPs in FXR. Increasing FXR activity by synthetic FXR agonists may have benefit in CD patients. Citation: Nijmeijer RM, Gadaleta RM, van Mil SWC, van Bodegraven AA, Crusius JBA, et al. (2011) Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) Activation and FXR Genetic Variation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. PLoS ONE 6(8): e23745. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0023745 Editor: Stefan Bereswill, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Germany Received July 21, 2011; Accepted July 23, 2011; Published August 22, 2011 Copyright: 2011 Nijmeijer et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: RMN was supported by an Alexandre Suerman stipend from the University Medical Center Utrecht. SWCVM is funded by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) and the Utrecht University. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: boldenbu@umcutrecht.nl . These authors contributed equally to this work.
Visuo-haptic Illusions for Linear Translation and Stretching using Physical Proxies in Virtual Reality

Providing haptic feedback when manipulating virtual objects is an essential part of immersive virtual reality experiences; however, it is challenging to replicate all of an object's properties and characteristics. We propose the use of visuo-haptic illusions alongside physical proxies to enhance the scope of proxy-based interactions with virtual objects. In this work, we focus on two manipulation techniques, linear translation and stretching across different distances, and investigate how much discrepancy between the physical proxy and the virtual object may be introduced without participants noticing. In a study with 24 participants, we found that manipulation technique and travel distance significantly affect the detection thresholds, and that visuo-haptic illusions impact performance and accuracy. We show that this technique can be used to enable functional proxy objects that act as stand-ins for multiple virtual objects, illustrating the technique through a showcase VR-DJ application.
Development of low fat: Low salt processed meat products

There is a growing demand for the development of healthier meat products with reduced fat and salts. The present study was carried out to develop low fat – low salt processed meat products in a type of fermented sausages. Products were formulated with different fat contents (10 g/100g 20 g/100g) and levels of sodium chloride (0-2 g/100g) and potassium chloride (0-1 g/100g). Potassium chloride (KCl) was used as a substitute for sodium chloride (NaCl). Physicochemical characteristics and textural attributes were assessed instrumentally, while sensory attributes were determined using Quantitative Descriptive Analysis and Principal Component Analysis. The instrumental analysis showed significant (p <0.05) differences in hardness, brittleness, cohesiveness and chewiness among different sausage formulations. However, sensory analysis did not detect any textural changes due to salt substitution or fat reduction. The product with the highest fat content and KCl substitution was found to have the highest rating of perceived bitterness. The research findings identified the significant interaction between the addition of KCl and the fat content on bitterness perception.
Evaluation and forecasting of PM10 air pollution in Chennai district using Wavelets, ARIMA, and Neural Networks algorithms

The advent of advanced features of soft computing can be used to solve complex problems which are more non-linear and messy. Many of the applications have been analysed and validated by the researchers through soft computing approach in the past.Neural Networks (NN) with appropriate selection of training parameters is implemented apart from conventional mathematical model. In this paper, analysis is made on the estimation of PM10 air quality in selected regions of Chennai district by wavelet approach with energy spectrograms. After analysing the results, NN of multilayer feed forward back propagation algorithm forecasts the air quality of selected regions. Discrepancies in selecting the training parameters of NN’s have been overcome by trial and error basis. This work will be helpful in proving the powerful tool of NN to forecast short term nonlinear parameters and the predicted results will give us the clear design of existing problem and thecontrol measures need to be implemented.
Study on the extraction of the text region from natural scene images by an analysis of the edge-oriented pattern

Background/Objectives : In this paper, we propose a hybrid scene-detection method using an edge and textural analysis in natural scene images, and finally, we detect the text regions by removing the non-text regions through a pattern analysis of each region. Methods/Statistical analysis : The proposed algorithm is divided into the pre-processing stage and the extraction processing stage to perform the text detection. The lost texts that are improved through a histogram equalization for the minimization of the loss of the text parts that is due to light exposure are detected before the edge detection. After that, the edge is detected using the Canny operator. The detected edge is obtained in the step of applying the SWT algorithm to detect the text candidate regions. The extraction processing step is the step of removing the noise region that is detected by the pixel analysis of the SWT algorithm, and it analyzes the pattern of the text regions and then removes the non-text regions to finally detect the text regions. For the quantitative comparison of the proposed algo-rithm, our results are compared with the ground-truth image using the precision, recall, and F-measure. Findings : One of the existing text-detection algorithms, the edge-based method, is problematic, as, in addition to the text, the complex backgrounds and textures are detected as the edges in natural scene images. The connected component-based method is also problematic, as the non-text region is included in the text region in the process of finding the connection component. Improvements/Applications : The proposed method shows an effective text-detection result regardless of the light exposure in natural scene images compared with the conventional text-detection algorithm.
Inverstigation of the spectrum for Sturm–Liouville problems with a nonlocal boundary condition

In this paper, we analyze the Sturm–Liouville problem with one classical first type boundary condition and the other Samarskii–Bitsadze type nonlocal boundary condition. We investigate how the spectrum of this problem depends on the parameters γ and ξ of the nonlocal boundary condition. Some new results are given as graphs of the characteristic function.
Factors affecting facial development and formation of cleft lip and palate: a literature review

The craniofacial region forms in a complicated developmental process regulated by multiple genes and growth factors. Disruption and dysregulation during facial development can lead to multiple congenital facial anomalies including cleft lip and palate. This literature review collects and analyses the existing information about the interaction of multiple growth factors and genes within the developing facial region and their association with facial pathology. The factors analysed in this review are DLX4, FOXE1, HOXB3, MSX2, PAX7, PAX9, RYK, SHH, SOX3, WNT3A, WNT9B and BARX1.
1H NMR-based metabolomics approach for exploring the effect of astaxanthin supplementation on plasma metabolites after high-intensity physical exercise

Purpose: In this study, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy was used to evaluate the effect of astaxanthin (ASTA) supplementation on changes in human plasma elicited by high-intensity exercise. Methods: Sixteen adult males were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 8 per group), namely the control group C (placebo for 28 d, 4 weeks) and experimental group M (supplement medium dose ASTA: 12 mg/d for 28 d, 4 weeks). At 08:00 on the 29th day, fasting blood sampling was carried out on all the participants, and the samples were tested in the laboratory for the ﬁrst time. Later, the participants performed acute exercise on a pedal-powered bicycle with full strength for 30 s × 3/3 min intervals (loading a weight of 0.075 kg/kg). Blood sampling was then respectively performed immediately, 1 h after the acute exercise, and 1 d after the acute exercise. Results: (1) The metabolites of the subjects of the two groups were found to be diverse at different time points, and 34 types of metabolites were screened from the two groups. (2) The metabolites with differences between the two groups 1 h after exercise were β-hydroxybutyrate, creatine, and glycerol. The levels of β-hydroxybutyric acid and glycerol in group M were signiﬁcantly lower than those in group C, while the level of creatine was signiﬁcantly higher. Compared with the resting state 1 h after exercise, the metabolites in common between the two groups were leucine (Leu), valine (Val), and citric acid (CA), and their levels were signiﬁcantly decreased. (3) During the period between 1 h and 1 d after exercise, the different metabolites between the two groups were methionine (Met) and glycerol. The glycerol levels of group M were signiﬁcantly lower than those of group C, while the levels of Met were signiﬁcantly higher. The co-metabolites of the subjects in groups C and M 1 d after exercise were creatine, glucose, and glycerol, the levels of which were all signiﬁcantly increased. Conclusions: (1) One hour after exercise, the consumption of creatine, amino acids, fatty acids, and CA was found to be obvious, and ASTA intake was conducive to their recovery. (2) After high-intensity exercise, changes occurred in the body's energy metabolism that involved the metabolism of glucose, lipids, and proteins, and basic recovery was found 1 d after exercise. The ﬁndings of this study suggest that ASTA intake can accelerate metabolic recovery induced by physical exercise.
The Relationship between Millennial Lifestyle and the Incidence of Obesity in Adolescents in Medan City

The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing worldwide and becomes a global health problem because it is not only increasing in developed countries but also in developing countries. Excessive use of gadgets has an effect on the lack of physical activity due to changes in lifestyle towards a sedentary lifestyle. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between millennial lifestyle and the incidence of obesity in adolescents in Medan city. This type of research is a survey, conducted at Public High Schools in Medan City from October 2019 to completion. The population was all students of class X and XI from State Senior High Schools in Medan, totaling 5,719 students. The sample size is based on the number of population and the error rate is 5%, so the sample in this study was 329 teenagers. Data collection was done through questionnaires and observations. The data analysis method used multiple linear regression. The results of the F statistical test show that there is a positive and significant influence given by lifestyle simultaneously on the incidence of obesity. Partially there is a positive and significant influence given by the variable length of time using gadgets, diet and social environment on the incidence of obesity. It is better if the family, especially parents, exercise good control over the use of gadgets for teenagers by providing a time limit for playing gadgets per day. Furthermore, adolescents should increase physical activity such as exercising, especially in the era of the COVID19 pandemic to increase the immunity system of adolescents in avoiding various sources of disease and maintaining a balance of energy in and out of the body.
The realization of voicing opposition in alveolar fricatives in Hungarian. Preliminary study on articulation and acoustics

The simultaneous articulation of the turbulent noise of fricatives and vocal fold vibration poses difficulties due to their conflicting pressure requirements. Previous studies found advanced tongue root and narrower obstacle in voiced fricatives than in voiceless ones. The first helps to maintain vocal fold vibration, while the latter helps to achieve the appropriate amount of turbulence. In our study 12 subjects produced /izi/ and /isi/ sequences in pre-focal position. Headset microphone-, EGGand tongue ultrasound (US)-signals were recorded. Cessation and restart points of voicing, and the voiceless part ratio (VR) were measured in the EGG-signal. CoG, SD, skewness and kurtosis were measured in the acoustic signal at 11 equally distanced time points in the fricatives. The midsagittal tongue contours were analyzed in the US signal in the closest image to the 0%, 50% and 100% points of the fricatives’ total duration. Voicing characteristics of /z/ and /s/ were compared by LMM, the further spectral features were analyzed by GAMM, and the tongue contours were analyzed by polar GAMM. The VR, the cessation and restart point of voicing were distinctive, although some of them had large VR in /z/ realizations. That may be resulted not only by the laryngeal settings but also by the supraglottal settings. The present study found tongue contour differences between the two fricatives at 50%, of the fricatives, and also at 0% and 100% point, but in less subjects’ speech: suggesting advanced tongue root and narrower constriction in /z/ realizations and speaker dependent timing of gestures. The spectral measures did not reflect the US results in one-on-one way. That is explicable by the quantal relations of the two domains (Stevens, 1968), and we suggest that they are also a result of further articulatory maneuvers that are applied in the voiced and voiceless fricative pairs (see Liker & Gibbon, 2011, 2013, 2018). Email addresses: graczi.tekla. etelka@nytud.hu (Tekla Etelka Gráczi), csapot@tmit.bme. hu (Tamás Gábor Csapó), bartokmarton@gmail.com (Márton Bartók), deme.andrea@btk.elte. hu (Andrea Deme), marko.alexandra@btk.elte. hu (Alexandra Markó) Beszédtudomány – Speech Science 2020. 22–56. DOI: 10.15775/Besztud.2020. 22-56
Environmental Enrichment Ameliorates Repetitive Behaviors in a Rat Model of Autism

Adverse environmental experiences during early life identified as potential concerns for neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with 1% prevalence among populations. Maternal separation (MS) is an animal model that is widely used to study long-term behavioral abnormality. To date, a great deal of studies is focused on the potential therapeutic role of environmental enrichment (EE) for the early life stress consequences inducing anxiety, depression and learning deficits. However, the influence of sex on the effect of environmental enrichment for the autistic-like behaviors induced by maternal separation has not been studied. The focus of the current study is to investigate the therapeutic effect of environmental enrichment on the behavioral deficits related to ASD in female Wistar rats. Pups were separated from the mothers for 3 hours daily from PND1 to PND14. After weaning time (PND21), the rats were subjected to environmental enrichment until behavioral tests day. On PND42-PND50 autism-related behaviors such as social interaction, stereotype behaviors, anxiety behavior, and locomotion were tested. The results showed that EE reduced stereotype behaviors in maternal separation rat model of autism but increased anxiety behavior (p<0.05). Social behavior and locomotion decreased by maternal separation (p<0.05) but EE had no significant effect on these behavioral abnormalities (p>0.05). Current study demonstrates that repetitive behaviors induced by maternal separation can be treated by EE but the anxiety exacerbation
Factors affecting the adoption of new technologies by poplar growers in North Iran (Case study: Sowmeh

The purpose of this study is to determine the factors affecting the adoption of new technologies by poplar growers in Sowmeh Sara City, Guilan Province, north of Iran. The statistical population of the study includes poplar growers in the city. A total of 200 individuals were examined based on Cochran's formula and cluster sampling method at 2018. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the impact of attitudes toward technology, understanding the use of technology, technological features, and social participation on the adoption of new technologies. Understanding the use of technology and social participation, and their constituent items, have had the greatest impact on the adoption of new technologies by poplar growers in Sowmeh Sara City. Accurate and transparent information about the features of new technologies and their differences with traditional methods is the key strategy in introducing these technologies and it will lead to adoption by poplar growers.
Simultaneous Hepatectomy as a Safe Approach for Synchronous Colorectal Liver Metastasis

Objective: The optimal surgical strategy for treatment of colorectal cancer with synchronous liver metastasis remains controversial. This retrospective analysis compared both surgical and perioperative outcomes for patients receiving simultaneous hepatectomy and primary colorectal surgery, to those receiving hepatectomy alone for stage approach. Material and Methods: Between; June, 2013 and June, 2019, 111 patients underwent a hepatectomy for synchronous liver metastasis, from this 90 patients received stage resection (hepatectomy alone group), and 21 patients received simultaneous resection (simultaneous resection group) with primary colorectal cancer. Results: There were no significant differences in gender, age, primary tumor location, tumor size, number of liver metastasis, estimated blood loss, nor rate of blood transfusion. However, the hepatectomy alone group was significantly higher in the proportion of preoperative chemotherapy, compared to the simultaneous resection group (93.3 vs. 38.1%, respectively; p-value<0.001). Additionally, total operative time in the simultaneous resection group was significantly longer, when compared to the hepatectomy alone group (530 vs. 300 minutes, respectively; p-value<0.001). The length of hospital stay was also longer in the simultaneous resection group, compared to the hepatectomy alone group (10 days vs. 7 days, respectively; p-value<0.001). However, the rate of major postoperative complications were similar (14.3 vs. 10.0%; p-value=0.525), respectively. Additionally, major hepatectomy and simultaneous resection were not significantly associated with any major complications. Conclusion: Simultaneous hepatectomy in synchronous colorectal liver metastasis is a safe approach, and does not increase the risks of major complications.