Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Schwannome intra-osseux mandibulaire : un cas chez un enfant de 7 ans

Introduction : Les schwannomes sont des tumeurs benignes derivees des cellules de la gaine de Schwann. On les rencontre dans la region de la tete et du cou. Les localisations buccales et intra-osseuses sont rares. Un cas de schwannome intra-mandibulaire du tronc principal du nerf alveolaire inferieur, chez un enfant âge de 7 ans est decrit. Observation : L’examen intra-oral a revele la presence dans le vestibule d’une masse ferme, douloureuse, non pulsatile, incompressible, non fluctuante. L’image radiologique a mis en evidence une zone radioclaire ovalaire, bien delimitee. Le traitement de choix a consiste en l’exerese de la tumeur. L’examen histopathogenique de la biopsie a montre une zone de type Antoni A, Antoni B avec des organismes de Verocay. Commentaires : Les schwannomes peuvent survenir independamment du sex-ratio, de l’origine ethnique ou de l’âge. Ces lesions peuvent engendrer une paresthesie locale passagere par compression nerveuse. Le diagnostic differentiel doit se faire avec le neurofibrome. L’exerese et l’examen anatomopathologique permettent le diagnostic du schwannome.
Unusual Extrapulmonary Manifestations of Deep Mycoses

In a certain sense the mycoses have come full circle. Until the discovery, first with coccidioidomycosis in the late 1930s followed by similar findings for histoplasmosis and aspergillosis in the 1940s and cryptococcosis and blastomycosis in the 1950s, that a usually benign pulmonary infection precedes the development of the metapulmonary disseminated forms of these mycoses, these were the only known stages of the deep mycoses. Now once again we are seeing increasingly puzzling manifestations of nonpulmonary aspects of these diseases, particularly in severely immunosuppressed individuals in whom normal focalizing mechanisms are no longer operative. It is of some interest therefore to emphasize certain of these systemic syndromes.
Response to Covey

To the Editor: Dr. Covey asserts that our meta-analysis of the association between history of major depression and smoking treatment outcome (Hitsman, Borrelli, McChargue, Spring, & Niaura, 2003) was flawed because we did not limit our analysis to participants randomized to placebo or alternative least intensive treatment condition. Hitsman et al. (2003) reported a lack of association between history of major depression and treatment outcome, for both short(ƒ3 months) and long-term (§6 months) abstinence. The effect size estimate for short-term abstinence was statistically nonsignificant and near zero, dz~2.05, 95% confidence interval (CI)~2.14, 2.04, p~. 18. Only two of 13 studies showed a significant association between history of depression and short-term abstinence. Similarly, the effect size for long-term abstinence was statistically nonsignificant and approached zero, dz~2.05, 95% CI~2.15, 2.04, p~. 21), with only one of 12 studies reporting a significant association. In support of her claim, Dr. Covey cites a bupropion study by Smith et al. (2003), unpublished when we prepared our meta-analysis, which reported that placebo-treated smokers with a history of major depression were significantly less likely than history negative smokers to achieve either shortor long-term abstinence. To address Dr. Covey’s concern, we re-analyzed the original data restricting the sample in each study to participants randomized to placebo or alternative least intensive treatment condition. Next, we performed a re-analysis further restricted to placebo or the least intensive treatment condition of those studies that specifically tested an antidepressant treatment (antidepressant medications or mood management treatment). Finally, although our call for manuscripts under review or in press did not elicit the Smith et al. (2003) study, we report both sets of meta-analyses with and without the Smith et al. (2003) study.
How price responsive is the demand for specialty care?

OBJECTIVES Outpatient visit co-payments have increased in recent years. We estimate the patient response to a price change for specialty care, based on a co-payment increase from $15 to $50 per visit for veterans with hypertension. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS A retrospective cohort of veterans required to pay co-payments was compared with veterans exempt from co-payments whose nonequivalence was reduced via propensity score matching. Specialty care expenditures in 2000-2003 were estimated via a two-part mixed model to account for the correlation of the use and level outcomes over time, and results from this correlated two-part model were compared with an uncorrelated two-part model and a correlated random intercept two-part mixed model. RESULTS A $35 specialty visit co-payment increase had no impact on the likelihood of seeking specialty care but induced lower specialty expenditures over time among users who were required to pay co-payments. The log ratio of price responsiveness (semi-elasticity) for specialty care increased from -0.25 to -0.31 after the co-payment increase. Estimates were similar across the three models. CONCLUSION A significant increase in specialty visit co-payments reduced specialty expenditures among patients obtaining medications at the Veterans Affairs medical centers. Longitudinal expenditure analysis may be improved using recent advances in two-part model methods.
Unusual repertoire of vocalizations in adult BTBR T+tf/J mice during three types of social encounters

BTBR T+tf/J (BTBR) is an inbred mouse strain that displays social deficits and repetitive behaviors analogous to the first and third diagnostic symptoms of autism. We previously reported an unusual pattern of ultrasonic vocalizations in BTBR pups that may represent a behavioral homolog to the second diagnostic symptom of autism, impaired communication. This study investigated the social and vocal repertoire in adult BTBR mice, to evaluate the role of ultrasonic vocalizations in multiple social situations at the adult stage of development. Three different social contexts were considered: male–female, male–male (resident–intruder) and female–female interactions. Behavioral responses and ultrasonic vocalizations were recorded for BTBR and for the highly social control strain C57BL/6J (B6). No episodes of overt fighting or mating were observed during the short durations of the three different experimental encounters. BTBR displayed lower levels of vocalizations and social investigation in all three social contexts as compared with B6. In addition, the correlation analyses between social investigation and ultrasonic vocalization emission rate showed that in B6 mice, the two variables were positively correlated in all the three different social settings, whereas in BTBR mice, the positive correlation was significant only in the male–female interactions. These findings strongly support the value of simultaneously recording two aspects of the mouse social repertoire: social motivation and bioacoustic communication. Moreover, our findings in adults are consistent with previous results in pups, showing an unusual vocal repertoire in BTBR as compared with B6.
Serotonin transporter allelic variation in mothers predicts maternal sensitivity, behavior and attitudes toward 6‐month‐old infants

Maternal behavior in the new mother is a multidimensional set of responses to infant cues that are influenced by the mother's early life experiences. In this study, we wanted to test if mothers' early life experiences and mothers' genotype have interactive effects on maternal behaviors and attitudes, something which has not been previously explored. In a sample of 204 mothers, we assessed maternal genotype at the serotonin transporter‐linked polymorphic region (5‐HTTLPR) and an adjacent upstream polymorphism (rs25531), together giving rise to three alleles: short (S), LG and LA. Controlling for maternal age and parity, we showed that this genotype can predict differences in maternal sensitivity at 6 months postpartum: mothers with an S (or the functionally similar LG) allele were more sensitive than mothers who lacked the allele during a 30‐min recorded mother–infant interaction (F (4,140) = 3.43; P = 0.01). Furthermore, we found highly significant gene–environment interactions in association with maternal behavior, such that mothers with no S or LG alleles oriented away more frequently from their babies if they also reported more negative early care quality (F (5,138) = 3.28; P = 0.008). Finally, we found significant gene–environment associations with maternal attitudes; mothers with the S allele and with greater early care quality scored higher on ratings of their perceived attachment to their baby (F (5,125) = 3.27; P = 0.008).
Protein Intake and Growth in the First 24 Months of Life

N utritional and metabolic factors acting during preand postnatal life predict long-term health outcomes. The increasing prevalence of obesity has raised strong interest in early programming, in particular with regard to potentially modifiable variables that would offer effective prevention. Maternal factors such as high maternal prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain, or intrauterine energy and protein deficiency have all been associated with an increased risk of insulin resistance and obesity in the offspring. Infant feeding also modulates later obesity risk. A report by the World Health Organization in 2007 concluded that breastfeeding may have a small protective effect on the prevalence of later obesity (1). Obviously, potential residual confounding factors that cannot be fully adjusted for may contribute to this effect. However, the specific compositional aspects of breast milk, such as the lower protein content, as compared with infant formula or endocrine agents, which are only present in human milk, such as insulin-like growth factor 1, leptin, ghrelin, and adiponectin (2,3), could affect the regulation of energy intake and expenditure and the growth pattern of the infant. Undisputable proof for a causal protective effect of breast-milk components remains difficult to obtain; however, understanding those causalities may strengthen the conclusions on the protective effects of breast-feeding. Moreover, this knowledge may help to improve the practice of feeding formula and complementary foods for infants. Formula-fed children grow faster during the first 2 years of life than breast-fed children (4), and they are at a higher risk for later obesity (5). More rapid growth in infancy, especially weight gain, has also been shown to increase the risk of later obesity (6). Given that formula-fed infants have markedly higher protein intakes than breast-fed infants, we followed the hypothesis that their different early growth and later obesity risk may be explained, at least in part, by the higher protein intake in infancy. Protein intake stimulates the insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 metabolism and consecu-
The association between catechol‐O‐methyl‐transferase Val108/158Met polymorphism and suicide

One of the candidate genes for suicide is also a gene in the pathway for catecholamine degradation encoding an enzyme catechol‐O‐methyl‐transferase (COMT). It harbors a common functional polymorphism, a G to A nucleotide transition resulting in amino acid substitution from valine (Val) to methionine (Met) at position 158 (COMT Val108/158Met; rs4680), that has been associated with psychiatric disorders characterized with an increased risk of suicidal behavior. We have performed the first study on Caucasian population examining the association between completed suicide and the COMT Val108/158Met polymorphism. The study population consisted of 356 suicide victims and 198 control subjects. Significant difference in COMT Val108/158Met variants' (genotypes, alleles and Val carriers) distribution was found only in male groups, between controls and suicide victims (P = 0.018, P = 0.031, P = 0.005), and between controls and violent suicide victims (P = 0.026, P = 0.042, P = 0.010). The r value from the standardized residuals showed that the Met/Met genotype (r = 2.03) in the control group contributed to these significant differences. In contrast to male subjects, no significant differences in the frequency of the COMT Val108/158Met variants were detected between female control and female suicide groups; however, the power of calculation (range 0.161–0.680) was below the desired 0.800. In addition, the logistic regression analysis confirmed these significant differences. In conclusion, our results showed the overpresentation of the Met/Met genotype in male control subjects compared with male suicide victims, suggesting that this genotype of the COMT Val108/158Met might be a protective factor against suicide.
Native rhizobia from Zn mining soil promote the growth of Leucaena leucocephala on contaminated soil

ABSTRACT Plants on contaminated mining soils often show a reduced growth due to nutrient depletion as well as trace elements (TEs) toxicity. Since those conditions threat plant's survival, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs), such as rhizobia, might be of crucial importance for plant colonization on TE-contaminated soils. Native rhizobia from mining soils are promising candidates for bioaugmented phytoremediation of those soils as they are adapted to the specific conditions. In this work, rhizobia from Zn- and Cd-contaminated mining soils were in vitro screened for their PGP features [organic acids, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and siderophore (SID) production; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity; and Ca3(PO4)2 solubilization] and Zn and Cd tolerance. In addition, some type and reference rhizobia strains were included in the study as well. The in vitro screening indicated that rhizobia and other native genera have great potential for phytoremediation purposes, by exerting, besides biological N2 fixation, other plant growth-promoting traits. Leucaena leucocephala–Mesorhizobium sp. (UFLA 01-765) showed multielement tolerance and an efficient symbiosis on contaminated soil, decreasing the activities of antioxidative enzymes in shoots. This symbiosis is a promising combination for phytostabilization.
What Have We Learned About Acute Pancreatitis in Children?

Pediatric pancreatitis has received much attention during the past few years. Numerous reports have identified an increasing trend in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in children and key differences in disease presentation and management between infants and older children. The present review provides a brief, evidence-based focus on the latest progress in the clinical field. It also poses important questions for emerging multicenter registries to answer about the natural history and management of affected children with pancreatitis.
Tolerance and hyperaccumulation of a mixture of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Hg, and Zn) by four aquatic macrophytes

ABSTRACT In the present investigation, four macrophytes, namely Typha latifolia (L.), Lemna minor (L.), Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms-Laubach, and Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc, were evaluated for their heavy metal (Cu, Pb, Hg, and Zn) hyperaccumulation potential under laboratory conditions. Tolerance analyses were performed for 7 days of exposure at five different treatments of the metals mixture (Cu+2, Hg+2, Pb+2, and Zn+2). The production of chlorophyll and carotenoids was determined at the end of each treatment. L. minor revealed to be sensitive, because it did not survive in all the tested concentrations after 72 hours of exposure. E. crassipes and M. aquaticum displayed the highest tolerance to the metals mixture. For the most tolerant species of aquatic macrophytes, The removal kinetics of E. crassipes and M. aquaticum was carried out, using the following mixture of metals: Cu (0.5 mg/L) and Hg, Pb, and Zn 0.25 mg/L. The obtained results revealed that E. crassipes can remove 99.80% of Cu, 97.88% of Pb, 99.53% of Hg, and 94.37% of Zn. M. aquaticum withdraws 95.2% of Cu, 94.28% of Pb, 99.19% of Hg, and 91.91% of Zn. The obtained results suggest that these two species of macrophytes could be used for the phytoremediation of this mixture of heavy metals from the polluted water bodies.
The ‘Designated Research Team’ approach to building research capacity in primary care

Trent Focus, a Research and Development Support Unit, have introduced the ‘Designated Research Team’ (DRT) approach to building research capacity. This approach funds protected time to develop research ideas and skills for a team with limited research experience. This paper uses the example of a successful team of podiatry researchers to illustrate the approach to, and outcomes of, a DRT. It draws on documentary analysis of meeting notes and annual reports, and team members' views collected during a recorded reflective session of the team at the end of the funding period. The DRT were successful in achieving agreed outcomes, including completing the project, submitting and publishing in peer reviewed journals, and presenting at conferences. They were also able to attract further funding, and engage with international collaborations and research activity. The unique contribution of this paper is that it focuses on facilitating factors to building research capacity based on a practice example. These include: enabling protected time, effective managerial support, applied and timely research training at relevant levels to expertise, immediate access to supervision and mentorship, a critical mass of research expertise within the team, and an encouraging workplace environment. Importantly, research undertaken was seen as a means to improve practice and the status of the professional group. ‘Accessible’ academic support including outreach work and attitudes of the team members and supervisors towards teaching and learning were important. Process factors enabling success include the use of project management techniques, clear delegation of tasks, effective lines of communication and accountability, and high levels of social capital and commitment between team members. The paper highlights ways forward to using these facilitating factors to build further research capacity, and to use this approach to highlight other areas of research capacity outcome measures.
Dopamine receptors D1 and D2 are related to observed maternal behavior

The dopamine pathway and especially the dopamine receptors 1 and 2 (DRD1 and DRD2) are implicated in the regulation of mothering in rats. Evidence for this in humans is lacking. Here, we show that genetic variation in both DRD1 and DRD2 genes in a sample of 187 Caucasian mothers predicts variation in distinct maternal behaviors during a 30‐min mother–infant interaction at 6 months postpartum. Two DRD1 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs rs265981 and rs686) significantly associated with maternal orienting away from the infant (P = 0.002 and P = 0.003, respectively), as did DRD1 haplotypes (P = 0.03). Two DRD2 SNPs (rs1799732 and rs6277) significantly associated with maternal infant‐directed vocalizing (P = 0.001 and P = 0.04, respectively), as did DRD2 haplotypes (P = 0.01). We present evidence for heterosis in DRD1 where heterozygote mothers orient away from their infants significantly less than either homozygote group. Our findings provide important evidence that genetic variation in receptors critical for mothering in non‐human species also affect human maternal behaviors. The findings also highlight the importance of exploring multiple dimensions of the complex human mothering phenotype.
MEASURING HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS ’ PERFORMANCES WITHIN MANAGED COMPETITION USING MULTIDIMENSIONAL QUALITY AND COST INDICATORS

Background and objectives: The Dutch healthcare system is in transition towards managed competition. In theory, a system of managed competition involves incentives for quality and efficiency of provided care. This is mainly because health insurers contract on behalf of their clients with healthcare providers on, potentially, quality and costs. The paper develops a strategy to comprehensively analyse available multidimensional data on quality and costs to assess and report on the relative performance of healthcare providers within managed competition. Data and methods: We had access to individual information on 2409 clients of 19 Dutch diabetes care groups on a broad range of (outcome and process related) quality and cost indicators. We carried out a cost-consequences analysis and corrected for differences in case mix to reduce incentives for risk selection by healthcare providers. Results and conclusion: There is substantial heterogeneity between diabetes care groups’ performances as measured using multidimensional indicators on quality and costs. Better quality diabetes care can be achieved with lower or higher costs. Routine monitoring using multidimensional data on quality and costs merged at the individual level would allow a systematic and comprehensive analysis of healthcare providers’ performances within managed competition. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Received 10 December 2012; Revised 20 October 2014; Accepted 14 January 2015
The Effects of Parental Health Shocks on Adult Offspring Smoking Behavior and Self-Assessed Health.

An important avenue for smoking deterrence may be through familial ties if adult smokers respond to parental health shocks. In this paper, we merge the Original Cohort and the Offspring Cohort of the Framingham Heart Study to study how adult offspring smoking behavior and subjective health assessments vary with elder parent smoking behavior and health outcomes. These data allow us to model the smoking behavior of adult offspring over a 30-year period contemporaneously with parental behaviors and outcomes. We find strong 'like father, like son' and 'like mother, like daughter' correlations in smoking behavior. We find that adult offspring significantly curtail their own smoking following an own health shock; however, we find limited evidence that offspring smoking behavior is sensitive to parent health, with the notable exception that women significantly reduce both their smoking participation and intensity following a smoking-related cardiovascular event of a parent. We also model the subjective health assessment of adult offspring as a function of parent health, and we find that women report significantly worse health following the smoking-related death of a parent. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MMPI-2 clusters of alcohol-dependent patients and the relation to Cloninger’s temperament-character inventory

Objective: Psychometric research in the field of alcohol dependence has concentrated on identifying certain (personality) characteristics (i.e. typologies). This paper is aimed to identify such typologies and studies the relation of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) and Cloninger’s temperament-character inventory (TCI). Method: To find MMPI-2 scales associated with maximization of group differences between 222 DSM-IV alcohol dependent inpatients and a control group of 222 normal subjects, discriminant analysis was used. In addition, a cluster analysis was performed with these scales, and the MMPI-2 mean scale values of the resulting patient clusters were examined for their TCI-correlates. Results: The discriminant analyses showed several MMPI-2 scales that could clearly distinguish between alcohol-dependent patients and the normal controls. Cluster analysis resulted in semantically different MMPI-2 profiles implying qualitatively different groups of patients. When related to TCI scales, these differences revealed harm avoidance, self-directedness, and persistence, amongst others, as important elements in the description of the clusters. Conclusion: Evidence for the validity of MMPI-2 constructs as well as those of the TCI in the assessment of alcohol-dependent patients was provided.