Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of resting and post exercise pulse rates between students of medical education and physical education- a cross sectional study

Introduction Medical colleges in India have traditionally followed a curriculum stuffed with a large body of knowledge pertaining to basic sciences and clinical disciplines. With expanding body of knowledge, there is over-burdening of the student with content information. Unfortunately, heavy academic workloads in medical school make it difficult for medical students to maintain a regular exercise program. Research findings in the last three decades, have shown that physical inactivity and a negative life style has seriously threatened health and hastened the deterioration rate of human body. On the other hand Physical Education (PE) is the course that encourages psychomotor learning in a play or movement exploration setting. Physical education class provides a great variety of activities and high intensity exercises for students. It is well known that rigorous exercise training diminishes certain cardiovascular and hormonal responses to fixed amounts of exercise. Aerobic training is responsible for metabolic adaptations that allow more efficient adjustment of energy expenditure during exercise recovery. The response of cardiovascular system to standardized exercise is single and the best test for assessing the efficiency of the heart. This test is known as “Cardiac Efficiency Test” or “Stress Testing “or “Exercise Tolerance Test” for which several versions are available ranging from Harvard step test to Tread Mill Test. The Astrand-Ryhming Step Test (ARST) was developed as a sub maximal variation of the Harvard step test and has been shown to be valid and reliable. Hence the present study was conducted to compare Anthropometrical parameters including BMI, resting, peak exercise, 5min after exercise pulse rates and pulse rate recovery following ARST, between students of Medical Education and Physical Education.
Impact of body mass index and lifestyle factors on semen parameters

Background: Subfertility affects ~15% of couples who seek to obtain a pregnancy and male contribution is identified in 20–50% of the cases. One of the key factors attributed to subfertility and infertility is obesity. Adult obesity rate increases with age and its prevalence has been increasing over the recent decades. This study was carried out to evaluate the role of male obesity on the semen parameters. Methods: This hospital based cross sectional study was conducted for a period of one year in 2017 in our tertiary care hospital. The study was carried out among 54 men who visited our clinic for evaluation of their fertility status during the study period. A single semen sample was collected from each participant. Height (m) and weight (kg) were recorded on the day of semen collection. Sperm concentration and percent motility was evaluated according to World Health Organization guidelines. Results: Among 54 men analyzed 29 were less than 30 yrs. (53.7%). Majority of the participants were obese (53.7%). The lifestyle history showed that majority were non vegetarians (96.3%), non-alcoholics (68.5%) and non-smokers (81.5%). The mean semen volume was significantly decreased in patients with BMI > 25 as 1.96 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Obesity is of growing concern among patients getting treated for infertility, both in males and females. Indirectly, diet and lifestyle factors also seem to have a detrimental effect on the semen parameters.
A Review on Re-documentation Approaches and their Comparative Study

Redocumentaion covers the understanding of the software and record the software comprehension for easier understanding in future. So, redocumentation is the key to software maintainability. This paper describes the comparison among two approaches of redocumentation by comparing their working to regenerate the document of existing system. In Incremental Redocumentation, software comprehension is recorded in hypertext in the style of World Wide Web by using PAS tool where in Model Oriented Redocumentation; generate the documentation based on the models to bridge the gap of a legacy system and evolved system.
Learning structured models for human actions and poses

A grand challenge of computer vision is to enable machines to “see people”. A solution to this challenge will enable numerous applications in various fields, e.g., security, surveillance, entertainment, human computer interaction, bio-mechanics, etc. This dissertation focuses on two problems in the general area of “looking at people”, human pose estimation and human action recognition. The first problem is to identify the body parts of a person from a still image. The second problem is to recognize the actions of a person from a video sequence. We formulate the solutions to these problems as learning structured models. In particular, we propose models and algorithms to address the following structures: (1) human pose estimation as structured output problem. We propose a boosted multiple tree model for modeling the spatial and occlusion constraints between human body parts; (2) temporal structure in human action recognition. We present two models based on the “bag-of-words” representation to capture the temporal structures of video sequences; (3) human action recognition as classification with hidden structures. We develop a model based on the hidden conditional random field to recognize human actions. We also propose a max-margin learning method for training the model. The learning method is general enough to be applied in many other applications in computer vision, even other areas in computer science.
Impact of morphological measurements on symptoms in Chiari malformation type 1

Amac: Chiari Tip 1 malformasyonu (CM1) serebellar tonsil veya tonsillerin spinal kanala herniasyonu sonucu ortaya cikan bir patolojidir. CM1 hastalarinda kraniyumun morfolojik olcumlerinin semptomlar uzerindeki etkisini incelemeyi amacladik. Yontemler: Calismamiz tek merkezde retrospektif vaka-kontrol calismasi olarak tasarlandi. Klinik ve muayene bulgulari sonucunda CM1 oldugu dusunulen taniyi kesinlestirmek veya dislamak icin beyin manyetik rezonans goruntuleme (MRG) yapilan, yaslari 18-70 arasinda 2309 hasta degerlendirildi. Kranium, morfolojik olcumleri, herniasyon miktari, hastalarin semptomlari ve modifiye Asgari skoru retrospektif olarak incelendi. Bulgular: MRG degerlendirilmesinden sonra kesin CM1 tanisi alanlar calisma grubu (n=212) ve digerleri kontrol grubu (n=2097) olarak hastalar siniflandirildi. Calisma grubunda maksimum kranial uzunluk, maksimum kranial yukseklik, supraocciput uzunlugu, posterior cranial fossa anteroposterior (PCF) uzunlugu kisa iken, foramen magnumun sagital capi ve serebrum’un en uzun on arka capi uzun idi. (hepsi icin P<0,001). Calisma grubunda tentorium serebelli egimi belirgin olarak dusuk saptandi (P<0,001). En sik gorulen semptom bas agrisiydi (%92). Herniasyon miktari maksimum kranial uzunluk ve maksimum kranial yukseklik ile negatif korelasyon (sirasi ile r=-0,184, P=0,07; r=-0,158, P=0,022) ve modifiye Asgari skoru ile pozitif korelasyon gostermekte idi (r=0,598; P<0,001). Sonuc: Kraniyumun morfolojik olcumleri CM1 hastalarinin semptomlarini uzerinde etkilidir.
Towards continuously learning neural networks

A modular three layer variable structure feedforward network capable of learning by stages is proposed. It consists of a first layer of threshold units, and two subsequent layers of logical gates. The threshold units have a vectorial threshold (instead of a simple scalar), which gives them a spatial reference within the input space. They are trained using the method of centroids, developed by the authors. The modularity of this arrangement allows progressive learning, and the extra units are added as needed, to match the complexity of the problem. The system was tested both with real data and with artificially generated data, to assess its potential. Finally, ways of expanding on the present model are discussed.
Differential diagnosis of vacuolar myopathies in the NGS era

Altered autophagy accompanied by abnormal autophagic (rimmed) vacuoles detectable by light and electron microscopy is a common denominator of many familial and sporadic non‐inflammatory muscle diseases. Even in the era of next generation sequencing (NGS), late‐onset vacuolar myopathies remain a diagnostic challenge. We identified 32 adult vacuolar myopathy patients from 30 unrelated families, studied their clinical, histopathological and ultrastructural characteristics and performed genetic testing in index patients and relatives using Sanger sequencing and NGS including whole exome sequencing (WES). We established a molecular genetic diagnosis in 17 patients. Pathogenic mutations were found in genes typically linked to vacuolar myopathy (GNE, LDB3/ZASP, MYOT, DES and GAA), but also in genes not regularly associated with severely altered autophagy (FKRP, DYSF, CAV3, COL6A2, GYG1 and TRIM32) and in the digenic facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy 2. Characteristic histopathological features including distinct patterns of myofibrillar disarray and evidence of exocytosis proved to be helpful to distinguish causes of vacuolar myopathies. Biopsy validated the pathogenicity of the novel mutations p.(Phe55*) and p.(Arg216*) in GYG1 and of the p.(Leu156Pro) TRIM32 mutation combined with compound heterozygous deletion of exon 2 of TRIM32 and expanded the phenotype of Ala93Thr‐caveolinopathy and of limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy 2i caused by FKRP mutation. In 15 patients no causal variants were detected by Sanger sequencing and NGS panel analysis. In 12 of these cases, WES was performed, but did not yield any definite mutation or likely candidate gene. In one of these patients with a family history of muscle weakness, the vacuolar myopathy was eventually linked to chloroquine therapy. Our study illustrates the wide phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity of vacuolar myopathies and validates the role of histopathology in assessing the pathogenicity of novel mutations detected by NGS. In a sizable portion of vacuolar myopathy cases, it remains to be shown whether the cause is hereditary or degenerative.
A Pilot Study to Evaluate Appropriateness of Empirical Antibiotic Use in Intensive Care Unit of King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Background: Antibiotics are commonly administered therapies in ICU. There has been a concern over antibiotic misuse recently. ICU is both a victim and a contributor to the ongoing antibiotic misuse problem and a cause of emerging resistance among the pathogens commonly acquired in intensive care units. Because of high mortality associated with sepsis, it is a great challenge for intensive care physicians to select appropriate antibiotic sometimes without any culture and sensitivity. Similarly the time to deescalate also remains a tough call. Selection of appropriate antibiotics empirically has always been a topic of debate among Intensive Care and Infectious Disease practitioners. Objective: The aim of our pilot study was not only to assess the appropriateness of use of antibiotics in our ICU but to help us guide to design a bigger study and structure a stewardship program for ICU; also to assess the differences among prescription of ICU and Infectious Disease Consultants. Method: A prospective observational study in King Saud Medical City ICU following antibiotics started and stopped from 6th November 2014 to 23rd November 2014. Study included 23 adult patients admitted with different etiologies. All 23 patients’ records were shared with two alien referees (one was infectious diseases and other was ICU consultant) from other hospital. Prescribers were blinded to the fact that data was being collected for auditing and the referees were blinded to prescribers and to each other’s. Results: Total 46 antibiotics were used. 40 among them were started on empirically, 6 were culture based. 31 antibiotics were stopped by ICU. 28 among these 31 antibiotics were empirical. Most of included patients responded to combination or monotherapy. Piperacillin-Tazobactam was the most commonly prescribed antibiotic. No major difference was noted among the choice of intensive care or infectious disease consultant. Conclusion: Empirical antibiotics are vital for patients admitted in ICU. We need to follow hospital's anti-biogram and stewardship programs with prompt de-escalation wherever appropriate.
Assessment of N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) gene polymorphisms in bladder cancer patients

Introduction: Bladder cancer is the most common cancer of the urinary tract. Aromatic amines are incriminated in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer. While many people are exposed to it, only a small proportion of the exposed individuals develop bladder cancer indicating the contribution of genetic variation, namely N-acetyltransferases (NATs) phenotypes (slow and fast acetylator) which are involved in detoxification of aromatic amines and other carcinogenic toxins. Slow acetylators are less efficient in metabolizing aromatic amines, increased toxic burden and subsequently carcinogenesis. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether NAT2 gene polymorphisms (M1, M2 and M3) are associated with bladder cancer formation and with high stage and grade of the tumor. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted on 35 Egyptian bladder cancer patients. Patients further subdivided according to tumor stage and grade. Fifteen patients with benign renal diseases as a pathological control group, in addition to 15 apparently healthy subjects as a healthy control group included in the study. Assay of NAT2 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was conducted by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCRRFLP) technique. Results: Regarding the frequency of NAT2 gene polymorphism, our study revealed that M1 (C481T) mutation was significantly more frequent in patients than controls groups, however no significant differences with M2 or M3 was seen. Conclusion: This investigation implies that NAT2 genotype exhibit no association with the risk of developing bladder cancer, either alone or with smoking. Moreover, there was no association between NAT2 polymorphism and different stages and grades of bladder cancer.
Impact of baseline steroids on efficacy of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have become part of the standard of care of patients with locally advanced and advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (1). Corticosteroids are broadly used as premedication for most chemotherapy regimens and are frequently used to alleviate pain or dyspnea, to stimulate appetite, or to palliate symptoms associated with brain or epidural metastases. However, corticosteroids have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects that act over both innate and adaptive immunity. Based on this, patients treated with corticosteroids at doses equal to or higher than 10 mg/day of prednisone or equivalent have been systematically excluded from clinical trials of ICI.
An exceptional case report on acute myeloid leukemia affecting four members of the same family

Introduction Familial leukemia is uncommon. A few genes transmitting lymphocytic leukemia both acute and chronic have still been reported however, descriptions of inherited myelogenous leukemia are still rarer. It has been researched in many studies that some sort of inherent genetic mutations in a particular family may predispose it to develop hematopoietic malignancies specially leukemias. As also, in particular to acute leukemia, it has been proven that twins especially monozygotic thereby of same sex develop leukemia. This association gives clue to the investigators to study some inherent genetic link to acute leukemia in children. Similar associations have been studied for leukemia in complete & it has been observed that persons with family history of leukemia have two to three times higher risk of getting affected by it. We report one such rare case report of three members of the same family who were affected by acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
Non-complimentary rewriting and serial-data coding scheme for shared-sense-amplifier open-bit-line DRAMs

A non-complimentary rewriting scheme is proposed for open-bit-line DRAMs adopting shared-sub-sense amplifier. The scheme can theoretically cancel inter-bit-line coupling noise down to zero. In order to suppress the peak in word-line noise, a serial-data coding scheme was also developed. This scheme can reduce word-line noise to at least 50%. These two circuits were applied to an experimental 1 Gb DRAM using 0.22 /spl mu/m CMOS process technology for file applications.
On the estimation error associated with the autocorrelation method LPC estimate

The performance of the autocorrelation method of analysis is evaluated along with the effects that certain attributes (e.g. frame length, etc.) have on this performance. Theoretical lower bounds on the mean-square estimation error are derived for linear productive coding (LPC) coefficients and for the vocal-tract filter gain. It is shown that a significant amount of the variability of measured parameters from real speech is due to estimation uncertainty. A speaker recognition experiment is conducted to demonstrate that better recognition accuracy can be achieved by using longer frame lengths. <<ETX>>
MIMO capacities for different antenna array structures based on double directional wide-band channel measurements

We present an approach for investigating the performance of generic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems in a realistic way using wideband real-time propagation measurements of the double-directional radio channel. Applying a multidimensional high-resolution channel parameter estimation procedure the descriptive parameters for any relevant propagation path including the path weights, time-delay, Doppler shift and the propagation directions at both ends of the wireless link are extracted simultaneously from the measurement data. from the estimated parameter sets then a local reconstruction of the multidimensional wave fields in the vicinity of the measured aperture volumes in time, space and frequency is possible. Since this way the measurement antenna properties are excluded from the channel, the influence of a variety of application specific array architectures can be investigated. Here, we use this synthesis approach to analyze the performance of given target systems with smart antennas in terms of the resulting channel capacities and eigenvalue distributions.
An Instruction-Level Energy Model for Embedded

In this paper, an instruction-level energy model is proposed for the data-path of very long instruction word (VLIW) pipelined processors that can be used to provide accurate power consumption information during either an instruction-level simulation or power-oriented scheduling at compile time. The analytical model takes into account several software-level pa- rameters (such as instruction ordering, pipeline stall probability, and instruction cache miss probability) as well as microarchitec- tural-level ones (such as pipeline stage power consumption per instruction) providing an efficient pipeline-aware instruction-level power estimation, whose accuracy is very close to those given by RT or gate-level simulations. The problem of instruction-level power characterization of a -issue VLIW processor is where is the number of operations in the ISA and is the number of parallel instructions composing the very long instruction. One of the advantages of the proposed model consists of reducing the complexity of the characterization problem to . The proposed model has been used to characterize a four-issue VLIW core with a six-stage pipeline, and its accuracy and efficiency has been compared with respect to energy estimates derived by gate-level simulation. Experimental results (carried out on a set of embedded DSP benchmarks) have demonstrated an average error in accuracy of 4.8% of the instruction-level esti- mation engine with respect to the gate-level engine. The average simulation speed-up of the instruction-level power estimation engine with respect to the gate-level engine is of four orders of magnitude approximately.
Role of Probiotics in Health and Disease –A Review

Human intestinal microbiota has undergone a lot of research in recent years and we are beginning to expand our knowledge of the role of bacteria, fungi, viruses and helminths in our gut in health and disease. Our gut contains myriad of over hundreds of millions of microbes that influence our body physiology, nutrition, metabolism, and immunity. A change in the type of these microbes has been shown to be associated with gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and systemic diseases like metabolic syndrome and cancer. In this article, an attempt has been made to review some significant recent studies that have looked into the complex types of intestinal microbes and how they interact with the human body. This paper also serves to explain what probiotics are, and how they function as a separate “organ” within our body. It includes their method of action, the latest evidence - based research on their use in health and disease and some common sources of probiotic bacteria.
Expression of Long Non-coding RNA in Psoriasis

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic hyper proliferative inflammatory disease, in which genetic and environmental factors have an important role, but the exact cause is yet unknown. Long non coding RNA (lncRNAs) act as a key regulator for the inflammatory gene expression by collaborating with the transcription factors. Aim: Detection of the expression of long non coding RNA in psoriatic skin of diseased patients as compared to normal control persons to investigate the possible role of long non coding RNA in the psoriasis pathogenesis Subjects and methods: The present study included 30 psoriatic patients and 30 age, gender-matched healthy controls. 4 mm punch skin biopsy was taken from patients (psoriatic lesion) & control and it was kept in lysis solution for the stability of the studied parameters and was kept frozen at -80°C till analysis of long non coding RNA by qRT PCR. Results: The tissue level of Long Non Coding RNA values was significantly higher among patients with psoriasis as compared with normal control. Conclusion: Long Non Coding RNAs (lncRNAs) could contribute to psoriasis pathogenesis through its immunomodulatory role.