Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Summer and winter snow and sea ice surface spectral directional reflectance and albedo measured in the Ross Sea

The visible and near-infrared (VNIR) spectral bidirectional reflectance and albedo of snow and sea ice surface in the Ross Sea were measured during the winter cruise (May to June) of 1998, and the summer cruise (January to February) of 1999. The results of the winter cruise provide patterns of snow surface reflectance under low solar elevation angles, while those of the summer cruise provide patterns of reflectance at intermediate solar zenith angles. Influences of snow grain size, snow wetness, stratigraphy, ice concentration, surface topography, as well as solar elevation angles, on surface spectral directional reflectance and albedo are discussed.
On the Derivation Perplexity of Treebanks

Parsing performance is typically assumed to correlate with treebank size and morphological complexity [6, 13]. This paper shows that there is a strong correlation between derivation perplexity and performance across morphologically rich and poor languages. Since perplexity is orthogonal to morphological complexity, this questions the importance of morphological complexity. We also show that derivation perplexity can be used to evaluate parsers. The main advantage of derivation perplexity as an evaluation metric is that it measures global aspects of parsers (like counting exact matches), but is still fine-grained enough to derive significant results on small standard test sets (like attachment scores).
Modeling cardiovascular hemodynamics using the lattice Boltzmann method on massively parallel supercomputers

Accurate and reliable modeling of cardiovascular hemodynamics has the potential to improve understanding of the localization and progression of heart diseases, which are currently the most common cause of death in Western countries. However, building a detailed, realistic model of human blood flow is a formidable mathematical and computational challenge. The simulation must combine the motion of the fluid, the intricate geometry of the blood vessels, continual changes in flow and pressure driven by the heartbeat, and the behavior of suspended bodies such as red blood cells. Such simulations can provide insight into factors like endothelial shear stress that act as triggers for the complex biomechanical events that can lead to atherosclerotic pathologies. Currently, it is not possible to measure endothelial shear stress in vivo, making these simulations a crucial component to understanding and potentially predicting the progression of cardiovascular disease. In this thesis, an approach for efficiently modeling the fluid movement coupled to the cell dynamics in real-patient geometries while accounting for the additional force from the expansion and contraction of the iii
Feature modularity in mechanized reasoning

One common and effective approach to reuse is to decompose a system into modules representing features. New variants can then be built by combing these features in different ways. This thesis proposes that proofs establishing semantic properties of a system can be similarly decomposed and reused to prove properties for novel feature combinations. Features can cut across the standard modularity boundaries, presenting a fundamental challenge to modular reasoning. The proposed contributions are threefold: 1. Showing how the mechanized syntax, semantics and meta-theory proofs of a programming language can be effectively modularized into features that can be composed in different ways to build programming languages with fully mechanized meta-theory. 2. Demonstrating how modularization of semantic properties alongside definitions enables efficient reasoning about an entire family of programs built from a common set of features. 3. Investigating how that these techniques can aid in the semantically correct composition of interpreters for different languages.
High-level Petri Nets: Theory And Application

The paper deals with conceptual, mathematical and practical aspects of developing a net theoretic system model. The model presented is based on common techniques of modelling static systems as structured sets of individuals (relational structures). These structures are 'dynamised' by allowing some relations between individuals to be changed by the processes of the modelled system.
The organizational structure in collaborative information gathering

Collaborative information gathering (CIG) is an approach to solving the problem of Internet information overload by organizing cooperation among users. In the paper a multiagent perspective is taken to analyze CIG systems in an organizational level. We provide a multiagent model to describe the organizational structure of CIG systems and then validate it by comparison between the actual CIG systems and the model itself. In our model, the distribution entropy of resource is used to describe the task environment. The idleness rate and error rate are used to measure individual performance. The collective performance is scaled by the percentage of gathered resource. By utilizing this model in a series of simulations, three typical organizational structures are compared in terms of collective performance and performance stability. The results of the simulations lead to several conclusions about how to organize efficient collaborative information gathering.
Inquiry-based learning in CS1

Science and mathematics majors need programming skills, but many are less interested in gaining those skills than are CS majors. At our institution we have two entries into the CS major, one a typical CS1 course and the other, covering the same CS1 material, taking almost all of its examples and problems from mathematics and science in an attempt to make the course more interesting to both the science and mathematics majors and to the CS majors who have strong interests in those fields of study. The Moore Method [1, 2, 5], which is essentially a discovery learning, or inquiry-based learning method (IBL) might improve self-reliance in the students as they take over responsibility for their learning. In mathematics there are numerous sets of problem sequences for teaching various courses using IBL, but none appear in the literature for CS. The Educational Advancement Foundation (EAF) generously provided a grant to support the development of a set of mathematical and scientific problems for use in a CS1 course for mathematics, science, and computer science majors. This paper describes the IBL method and the nature of that problem set. Two CS1 courses in the fall of 2006 provide feedback on the usefulness of the problem set. One is a typical CS1 course taught in a more traditional way with typical problems and a typical text. The other was taught using the sequence of mathematics and science problems developed under the grant, no assigned text, and using the IBL pedagogical technique. A comparison of the results of the two courses suggests that the IBL methodology is effective. The number of students in either course is too small to generate definitive answers to the question of the value of IBL and the problem set, but the results are sufficiently positive to recommend further work in this area.
Book Reviews : Expert Systems Robert A. Benfer, Edward E. Brent, Jr., and Louanna FurbeePublisher: Sage Publications, Inc., Newbury Park, cA Year of Publication: 1991 Length: 92 pages Price: $8.50

This volume is number 77 in the Sage University Paper Series on Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences. It is a practical guide to the development of expert systems for those with limited experience. The authors use actual expert systems as examples throughout the text, and one system for classifying Andean soil types is explored in some detail. The book is packed with useful information and includes a listing of commercially available expert system shells and programming languages.
VLSI architecture for low power motion estimation using high data access reuse

This paper presents a new VLSI architecture of the motion estimation in MPEG-2. Previously various full search block matching algorithms (BMA) and architectures using systolic array have been proposed for motion estimation. However, the architectures have inefficiently a large number of external memory access. Our new architecture efficiently reuses data to decrease external memory accesses and saves the computational time by using a parallel algorithm.
Design and implementation of the EnableWare specification-a human-machine interface for physically challenging people

EnableWare is a specification and implementation of the human-machine interface (HMI) which enables physically disabled people to access computers. The BTRON HMI specification includes the EnableWare specification in standard. This assures that physically impaired people can use BTRON with no or a little software/hardware modification. The authors first analyze the difficulties of physically impaired people to use computers. Second, they propose EnableWare functions which help motor, visually, and auditory impaired users, and the architecture realizing them. Finally, on the basis of their EnableWare implementation experience on BTRONI, they propose several architectural design guidelines for the HMI system which can be operated by the physically disabled. <<ETX>>
The Development of Applications Using Computer Image Steganography Algorithm

Steganography algorithm is used to hide data inside an image. In using the steganography algorithm, two important steps are needed. There are encoding the data inside an image and decoding the data from the image. The purposes of hiding the data inside the image are to ensure privacy and to protect the data from third parties. Using the computer image steganography algorithm, various applications can be developed. This paper demonstrates three applications that have been developed based on the algorithm. There are SIS (Steganography Imaging System), PRIS (Police Report Imaging System) and MoBiSiS (Mobile Steganography Imaging System). The quality of the stego images that contain the data are tested using PSNR (Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio) value. Based on the PSNR value, the results are good and the stego images still maintain its quality for any distortion. Keywords: Steganography, image processing, PSNR;
Evaluation of a video-based head motion tracking system for dedicated brain PET

Unintentional head motion during Positron Emission Tomography (PET) data acquisition can degrade PET image quality and lead to artifacts. Poor patient compliance, head tremor, and coughing are examples of movement sources. Head motion due to patient non-compliance can be an issue with the rise of amyloid brain PET in dementia patients. To preserve PET image resolution and quantitative accuracy, head motion can be tracked and corrected in the image reconstruction algorithm. While fiducial markers can be used, a contactless approach is preferable. A video-based head motion tracking system for a dedicated portable brain PET scanner was developed. Four wide-angle cameras organized in two stereo pairs are used for capturing video of the patient’s head during the PET data acquisition. Facial points are automatically tracked and used to determine the six degree of freedom head pose as a function of time. The presented work evaluated the newly designed tracking system using a head phantom and a moving American College of Radiology (ACR) phantom. The mean video-tracking error was 0.99±0.90 mm relative to the magnetic tracking device used as ground truth. Qualitative evaluation with the ACR phantom shows the advantage of the motion tracking application. The developed system is able to perform tracking with accuracy close to millimeter and can help to preserve resolution of brain PET images in presence of movements.
Multi-Level Emulation for Malware Distribution Networks Analysis

ABSTRACT Recent malware distribution causes severe and nation-wide probl ems such as 3·20 cyber attack in Korea. In particular, Drive-by download attack, which is one of attack types to distr ibute malware through the web, becomes the most prevalent and serious threat. To prevent Drive-by download attacks, it is nec essary to analyze MDN(Malware Distribution Networks) of Drive-by download attacks. Effective analysis of MDN requires a detection of obfuscated and/or encapsulated JavaScript in a web page. In this paper, we propose the scheme called Multi-lev el emulation to analyze the process of malware distribution. The proposed scheme analyzes web links used for malware distribution to support the efficient analysis of MDN.Keywords: Drive-by download, Web-based malware, Multi-level emulation, Malware Distribution Network I. 서 론 웹 기술의 끊임없는 발전과 함께 다양한 영역에서 웹 기반 서비스들이 출시됨으로써 웹은 수많은 사람들의 일상 활동이 일어나는 공간이 되었다. 이와 더불어 사용자 활동의 기반이 되는 웹 브라우저와 관련 플러 접수일(2013년 9월 16일), 수정일(2013년 10월 10일), 게재확정일(2013년 11월 13일)†주저자, csyong95@kaist.ac. kr‡교신저자, ymkim@chonnam.ac. kr (Corresponding author)
The systematic design method for coded modulation on fading channels

A brief survey of recent developments in combined channel coding and digital modulation (in short coded modulation) for Rayleigh fading channels is presented. Theoretical guidance for design and identification of the most important system parameters are given. Two constructive schemes that are suited for the fading channel are discussed. The systematic design method for coded modulation on the fading channel is summarized, which can construct coded modulation systems to give optimum asymptotic performance on the fading channel. Some proposed schemes are compared according to the design method.
Fault-tolerant network computation of individuals in genetic algorithms

Many genetic algorithms have complex fitness functions which can easily be calculated in parallel, given the tools to do so. This paper explores the use of a tool to gather spare computing cycles from a variable set of machines to allow convergence of GAs of this type. A modification to the steady-state model for GAs allows us to use the fault-prone behavior of an underlying thin networked computation system as noise within the GA itself. This "real" noise is incorporated into the GA, maintaining the drive towards convergence in the case of the heavily noisy network environment.
Digital VLSI implementation of a multi-precision neural network classifier

A systolic multi-precision digital VLSI classifier referred to as "SysNeuro" is presented. Unlike the usual VLSI implementation of classifiers, this hardware has been designed to achieve variable precision computations. A hardware reconfiguration is obtained by using switch elements to change the hardware connection between adjacent 4 bit neuron building blocks. With this reconfiguration concept it is possible to either increase the precision by pooling together adjacent cells or to increase the number of neurons for low levels of precision. Moreover, the design is easily programmable and can be configured to any artificial neural network (ANN) topology in order to cover various kinds of application. The chip integrates 16/8/4 neurons with a corresponding precision of 4/8/16 bits. A prototype has been successfully realized using 0.7 /spl mu/m CMOS technology.
Computer Gaming and Interactive Simulations for Learning: A Meta-Analysis

Substantial disagreement exists in the literature regarding which educational technology results in the highest cognitive gain for learners. In an attempt to resolve this dispute, we conducted a meta-analysis to decipher which teaching method, games and interactive simulations or traditional, truly dominates and under what circumstances. It was found that across people and situations, games and interactive simulations are more dominant for cognitive gain outcomes. However, consideration of specific moderator variables yielded a more complex picture. For example, males showed no preference while females showed a preference for the game and interactive simulation programs. Also, when students navigated through the programs themselves, there was a significant preference for games and interactive simulations. However, when teachers controlled the programs, no significant advantage was found. Further, when the computer dictated the sequence of the program, results favored those in the traditional teaching method over the games and interactive simulations. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for exiting theoretical positions as well as future empirical research.
Knowledge-based systems to support strategic planning decision making

Knowledge-based (expert) systems replicate the thinking processes that are involved in strategic planning. As such, they not only assist in making strategic planning decisions, but they also serve as useful learning tools for those studying strategic planning. By examining the knowledge bases of these systems, readers can analyze in detail how planners think. In addition, by using the systems, readers can observe how these processes are put to work in making specific decisions. The discussion of knowledge-based systems is in four parts: commercially available systems; proprietary company systems; research; and future integrated systems tools. <<ETX>>
Review of existing algorithms for face detection and recognition

In this paper, we present a review on the most successful existing algorithms or methods for face recognition technology to encourage researchers to embark on this topic. A brief on general information of this topic is also included to compose an overall review. This review is written by investigating past and ongoing studies done by other researchers related to the same subject. Five different algorithms have been preferred based on the most widely used criteria. The algorithms are Principle Component Analysis (PCA), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), skin colour, wavelet and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Certain parameters have been taken into account for the algorithms' review. The parameters are size and types of database, illumination tolerance, facial expressions variations and pose variations. However, no specific justification can be claimed as it is only a review paper based on other researches.
CDMA code synchronization using segmented matched filter with accumulation and best match selection

This paper investigates codephase acquisition in direct-sequence spread spectrum (DS-SS) systems under conditions of high co-user noise and significant carrier frequency offset (Doppler). While conventional serial search acquisition is tolerant of these conditions, the process is quite slow. Conventional matched filters can provide fast acquisition but are unable to handle significant carrier frequency offset. This paper describes a segmented matched filter (SMF) that provides rapid acquisition under conditions of frequency offset and high noise. An accumulation and best match selection scheme is introduced and its performance is compared to the segmented matched filter with threshold detection and also to a conventional non-coherent correlator with serial search. Expected acquisition time is shown as a function of multiple access interference in the presence of carrier Doppler. Example calculations are based on GPS transmission parameters. In addition to calculated probability density junctions (pdf), the paper presents measured pdf from a mixed-signal ASIC that implements a 512 chip SMF with half-chip codephase resolution. With this acquisition method, the receiver carrier is assumed to be non-coherent, data modulation of the DS-SS signal is allowed and prior chip synchronization is not required.
Postural stability assessment during task performance

The methodology described here presents quantitative measures of estimating the severity of postural instability based on the proximity and spread of body sway in relation to the basal area of support. A simplified functional basal area of support is determined based on the maximal forward reaching ability of the subject. Three non-dimensional indices for quantitating the potential of postural instability are introduced. Application of this method is illustrated through an experiment with ten healthy industrial workers performing four different tasks. The results indicate that these indices are reproducible, sensitive to task performance and can be utilized to estimate the postural stability associated with each task. Application of this method would include the identification of factors, both intrinsic and extrinsic, that contribute to the maintenance of postural balance during task performance. Interventions can then be evaluated using this method.
Trust on the World Wide Web: A Survey

The success of the Web is based largely on its open, decentralized nature; at the same time, that allows for a wide range of perspectives and intentions. Trust is required to foster successful interactions and to filter the abundance of information. In this review, we present a comprehensive survey of trust on the Web in all its contexts. Three main targets of trust are identified: content, services, and people. Trust in the content on the Web, including webpages, websites, and Semantic Web data is addressed first. Then, we move on to look at services including peer-to-peer environments and Web services. This includes a discussion of Web policy frameworks for access control. People are the final group, where we look at the role of trust in web-based social networks and algorithms for inferring trust relationships. Finally, we review applications that rely on trust and address how they utilize trust to improve functionality and interface.
MINIMIZING THE MAKESPAN IN A SINGLE MACHINE SCHEDULING PROBLEM WITH A FLEXIBLE MAINTENANCE

ABSTRACT This paper considers a single machine scheduling problem with a flexible maintenance, we consider the machine should be stopped to maintain or to reset for a constant time r during the scheduling period. Meanwhile we assume that the maintenance period [s, t] is arranged previously; and the time r would not be longer than the maintenance period [s, t] (i.e. r ≤ t-s). The time s (t) is the earliest (latest) time at which the machine starts (stops) its maintenance. The objective is to minimize the makespan (maximum completion time). This scheduling problem is often occurred in computer center, NC-machine and IC-testing machine for the jobs scheduling and repairmen arrangement. In this paper, the proposed problem is shown to be NP-hard. A heuristic algorithm with computational experiments is provided. An extension with more than one maintenance intervals is also considered.
Personalized Versus Collective Instructor Feedback in the Online Courseroom: Does Type of Feedback

The demand for online learning has never been greater. For faculty, teaching in the virtual classroom requires a new set of skills and practices. Online instructors must prepare for the increased written communication demands that accompany online education, such as the large amount of time needed to respond to student inquiries and to provide feedback on assignments. The purpose of this comparative study was to determine if there were significant differences in student sat isfaction, performance, and perceived “connectedness” to the instructor when the instructor used collective versus person alized feedback. In addition, this study examined two other variables: the time required to deliver the type of feedback as well as students’ prior experience with online learning. Four online health courses were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: personalized or collective. Students in the personalized group received individual feedback from the instructor on each assignment. Students in the collective group received a collective feedback document from the instructor that summarized overall class performance, ways to improve, and student perspectives. Data were collected using an online survey and course evaluations. The findings revealed that students who received personalized feedback were more satisfied and performed academically better than