Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The use of indicators in French universities

The use of indicators in the management of French universities is becoming more and more prevalent and advanced, at least as far as HSS (humanities and social sciences) are concerned. In the present chapter, we will provide evidence of the general use of indicators and of differences between disciplinary fields. In order to put these results in context, we will first provide some information on the French system and how the recent reforms favored the development of indicators. We will then describe what we have learnt from the qualitative study on the attitudes of the humanities and the sciences to indicators. We will then present some lessons drawn from a quantitative study in which we were able to compare universities mainly specialized in humanities with universities mainly specialized in the sciences. In doing so, we will start out by looking at the use of indicators. This issue has been largely studied in the management sciences, and different authors have suggested different uses. Simons for instance distinguished between diagnostic use of indicators (indicators are used to produce an evaluation of performance) and interactive use of indicators (indicators are used to reveal strengths and weaknesses and to learn about them). Cavalluzzo and Ittner also distinguish between reporting (i.e. providing information about activities), and steering or making decisions (using indicators in order to introduce change). Drawing on these two typologies, we first look at cases where indicators are used to legitimize what has been done and to account for it. Indicators are produced in order to show that a level of performance is achieved, to provide data required by external actors, describing current achievements. We will also consider cases where data are produced in order to compare units or teams and thus to evaluate their activity. Finally, we look at cases where data and indicators are used in order to make decisions or choices and to take action. The legitimation, evaluation, discussion and decision uses of indicators will be studied for data on teaching, on research and on budgets in order to see whether different issues lead to different uses. A second issue addressed by the present chapter deals with disciplinary differences. In France, there are some 'complete universities' (with or without medicine), but also many universities specialized in law and economic sciences, universities with a strong orientation in the NS (natural sciences), and universities that are specialized in the HSS. This allows us to compare the uses of indicators in the humanities and the science‑dominated institutions (HSS institutions and NS institutions) in the following: the former represent approximately 15% of the French universities and the latter 14%.
Resonance Occupation in the Kuiper Belt: Case Examples of the 5:2 and Trojan Resonances

As part of our ongoing Deep Ecliptic Survey (DES) of the Kuiper belt, we report on the occupation of the 1 : 1 (Trojan), 4 : 3, 3 : 2, 7 : 4, 2 : 1, and 5 : 2 Neptunian mean motion resonances (MMRs). The previously unrecognized occupation of the 1 : 1 and 5 : 2 MMRs is not easily understood within the standard model of resonance sweeping by a migratory Neptune over an initially dynamically cold belt. Among all resonant Kuiper belt objects (KBOs), the three observed members of the 5 : 2 MMR discovered by DES possess the largest semimajor axes (a ≈ 55.4 AU), the highest eccentricities (e ≈ 0.4), and substantial orbital inclinations (i ≈ 10°). Objects (38084) 1999HB12 and possibly 2001KC77 can librate with modest amplitudes of ∼90° within the 5 : 2 MMR for at least 1 Gyr. Their trajectories cannot be explained by close encounters with Neptune alone, given the latter's current orbit. The dynamically hot orbits of such 5 : 2 resonant KBOs, unlike hot orbits of previously known resonant KBOs, may imply that these objects were preheated to large inclination and large eccentricity prior to resonance capture by a migratory Neptune. Our first discovered Neptunian Trojan, 2001QR322, may not owe its existence to Neptune's migration at all. The trajectory of 2001QR322 is remarkably stable; the object can undergo tadpole-type libration about Neptune's leading Lagrange (L4) point for at least 1 Gyr with a libration amplitude of 24°. Trojan capture probably occurred while Neptune accreted the bulk of its mass. For an assumed albedo of 12%–4%, our Trojan is ∼130–230 km in diameter. Model-dependent estimates place the total number of Neptune Trojans resembling 2001QR322 at ∼20–60. Their existence helps to rule out violent orbital histories for Neptune.
Differences between root and stem wood in seedlings and sprouts of Sessea brasiliensis (Solanaceae)

Young Sessea brasiliensis trees derived from seeds and sprouts after coppicing were analyzed for differences in axial variation of anatomical features. It was hypothesized that 1) quantitative variation in anatomical features in the axial direction would indicate adjustments in water conductivity and mechanical strength along tree height and 2) significant quantitative differences in anatomical features would be observed between trees originating from seed compared to those derived from sprouts after coppicing. Results showed that wood originating from sprouts after coppicing developed differently from wood originating from seeds. Specifically, for seed provenance samples, narrower vessels were observed in the transition zone, whereas for sprouting provenance, narrower vessels were seen in roots and trunk base. Also, when comparing axial variation between seeds and sprouts, vessel diameter was smaller in plants of seed origin in the transition zone, whereas fiber diameter was smaller in trunk top and branch in plants of seed and sprouting provenances, respectively. Higher rays were observed in branch and trunk top when comparing different axial position in both origins. Thus, the first hypothesis is confirmed by significant axial variation in vessels, fibers and rays, and the second hypothesis is confirmed by the significant differences observed between trees of seed and sprout origins.
Identification of Personalized Effects Associated With Causal Pathways

Unlike classical causal inference, where the goal is to estimate average causal effects within a population, in settings such as personalized medicine, the goal is to map a unit's characteristics to a treatment tailored to maximize the expected outcome for that unit. Obtaining high-quality mappings of this type is the goal of the dynamic treatment regime literature. In healthcare settings, optimizing policies with respect to a particular causal pathway is often of interest as well. In the context of average treatment effects, estimation of effects associated with causal pathways is considered in the mediation analysis literature. In this paper, we combine mediation analysis and dynamic treatment regime ideas and consider how unit characteristics may be used to tailor a treatment strategy that maximizes an effect along specified sets of causal pathways. In particular, we define counterfactual responses to such policies, give a general identification algorithm for these counterfactuals, and prove completeness of the algorithm for unrestricted policies. A corollary of our results is that the identification algorithm for responses to policies given in [16] is complete for arbitrary policies.
Ultrawideband through-the-wall propagation

The propagation of ultrawideband (UWB) signals in indoor environments is an important issue with significant impacts on the future direction and scope of UWB technology. The propagation of UWB signals is governed, among other things, by the properties of materials in the propagation medium. The information on electromagnetic properties of construction materials in the UWB frequency range would provide valuable insights into the appreciation of the capabilities and limitations of UWB technology. Although electromagnetic properties of certain construction materials over relatively narrow bandwidths in GHz frequency ranges are available, ultrawideband characterisation of most typical construction materials for UWB communication purposes has not been reported. In narrowband wireless communications, only the magnitude of insertion loss has been the quantity of interest. But for UWB signals, in addition to the magnitude, the phase information is an equally important factor that needs to be accounted for. In fact, UWB signals not only suffer attenuation when propagating through walls, but also suffer distortion due to the dispersive properties of the walls. This research examines propagation through typical construction materials and their ultrawideband characterisation. Ten commonly used construction materials are chosen for this investigation. Results for the dielectric constant and loss tangent of the materials over the UWB frequency range are presented. Accuracy of the measured results is discussed and distortions of UWB signals due to the dispersive properties of wall materials are addressed.
Accuracy of a DTM derived from full-waveform laser scanning data under unstructured eucalypt forest: a case study

SUMMARY A Digital Terrain Model (DTM) is fundamental for extracting several forest canopy structure metrics from data acquired with small-footprint airborne laser scanning (ALS). This modern remote sensing technology is based on laser measurements from a laser system mounted on an aircraft and integrated with a geodetic GNSS receiver and an inertial measurement unit (IMU) or inertia navigation system (INS). In the context of a research project for deriving forest inventory parameters and fuel variables under eucalypt stands in Mediterranean climates, the vertical precision of the DTM obtained by automatic filtering of full-waveform ALS data had to be evaluated. The DTM accuracy estimation on a study area with peculiar characteristics, which are often avoided in related studies, will also allow verifying the performance of fullwaveform ALS systems. The accuracy estimation is carried out in a novel way. By novel way, it is meant an exhaustive, well-planned collection of reliable control data in forest environment. The collection of the control data involves the production of DTM on 43 circular plots (radius = 11.28m) using total stations and geodetic GNSS receivers. These DTM, with a total of 3356 points, allowed one to evaluate consistently and reliably the vertical accuracy of the terrain surface produced with ALS under a eucalypt forest. This global accuracy, expressed by the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the vertical differences between the field surveyed surface and the ALS derived DTM surface is 0.15m (mean=0.08m and std=0.09m). This impressive value indicates that, for an ALS point cloud density of 10pts/m 2 and footprint of 20 cm, the methodology used to extract the DTM from fullwaveform ALS data under an unstructured eucalypt forest is very accurate. In this article it is addressed both the strategy adopted to collect the control data and the quality assessment of the DTM produced by means of the ALS data.
New Method for Sequence Alignment Based on Probabilities of Nucleotide Correspondences

ABSTRACT The objective of our work is to develop a general method for structurally related, but diverged sequences for simultaneous optimization of alignment and self-folding—the so-called Sankoff's program for simultaneous prediction of secondary structure and alignment between nucleotide sequences. A simple reason behind the simultaneous optimization of alignment and self-folding is that strong structural consensus among related, but diverged sequences are a good indicator for preserved functional role. Up to now there is no a general solution for this long standing problem. Here we discuss an approach which is just a first step to the full realization of Sankoff's program. Currently available models and software packages, such as foldalign, dynalign and others, implement only restricted versions (variations around first align and then fold or oppositely) of Sunkoff's program and do not use the full loop-based RNA/DNA energy model. We divided Sankof's program in two steps based on the analogy between the classical alignment algorithm and hybridization without self-folding. The next step is to include in the alignment an algorithm for the self-folding. In our approach, the alignment problem requires the implementation of the full loop-based RNA/DNA energy model for hybridization of two sequences. For this, we divided the alignment between two sequences into loops and associated a score to each loop in such way that the total score of the alignment is a sum over the scores for each alignment loop. The loop scoring model for alignment consists of following loop types: stacking with matched and mismatched pairs, bulges, internal loops and dangling ends. Calculation of thermodynamic partition function over all possible double-stranded conformations is interpreted in terms of all possible canonical pairwise alignments. The partition function is computed by means of a dynamic programming algorithm and used to determine the probability of an alignment as well as the probability of each possible match between two sequence positions. For calculation of match probabilities detailed recursion relations for partition functions of alignments are based on their recursion analogs for hybridization of subsequences. The partition function is used for backtracking and reconstructing a properly weighted ensemble of optimal and suboptimal alignments.
Low-frequency modulations in the solar microwave radiation as a possible indicator of inductive interaction of coronal magnetic loops

Low-frequency (LF) modulations of 37 GHz microwave radiation during solar flares, recorded at the Metsahovi Radio Observatory, are considered. A fast Fourier transformation with a sliding window is used to obtain the dynamic spectra of the LF pulsations. We pay attention to the LF dynamic spectra having a specific multi-track structure, which is supposed to be an indication of a complex multi-loop composition of a flaring region. Application of the equivalent electric circuit models of the loops including the effects of electromagnetic inductive interaction in groups of slowly growing current-carrying magnetic loops allows us to explain and reproduce the main dynamical features of the observed LF modulation dynamic spectra. Each loop is considered as an equivalent electric circuit with variable parameters (resistance, capacitance and inductive coefficients) which depend on shape, scale, position of the loop with respect to other loops, as well as on the plasma parameters and value of the total longitudinal current in the magnetic tube.
Improved potency of F10 relative to 5-fluorouracil in colorectal cancer cells with p53 mutations

Aim: Resistance to fluoropyrimidine drugs (FPs) is a major cause of mortality in colorectal cancer (CRC). We assessed the potency advantage of the polymeric FP F10 relative to 5-fluorouracil (5FU) in four human CRC cell lines that differ only in TP53 mutational status to determine how p53 mutations affect drug response and whether F10 is likely to improve outcomes. Methods: HCT-116 human CRC cells (p53+/+) and three isogenic variants (p53−/−, R248W/+, R248W/−) were assessed for drug response. Resistance factors were derived from cell viability data and used to establish the relative potency advantage for F10. Rescue studies with exogenous uridine/thymidine determined if cytotoxicity resulted from DNA-directed processes. Results: Significant resistance to 5-FU resulted from p53-loss or from gain-of-function (GOF) mutation (R248W) and was greatest when GOF mutation was coupled with loss of wild-type p53. F10 is much more potent than 5-FU (137–314-fold depending on TP53 mutational status). F10 and 5-FU induce apoptosis by DNA- and RNA-directed mechanisms, respectively, and only F10 shows a modest enhancement in cytotoxicity upon co-treatment with leucovorin. Conclusion: TP53 mutational status affects inherent sensitivity to FPs, with p53 GOF mutations most deleterious. F10 is much more effective than 5-FU regardless of TP53 mutations and has potential to be effective to CRC that is resistant to 5-FU due, in part, to TP53 mutations.6,7
Geography TeacherCandidates' Metacognitive Awareness Levels: A Case Study from Turkey

The purpose of this research is to analyze geography teacher candidates’ metacognitive awareness and to find out whether a significant difference exists according to gender and grade level. For this purpose, Metacognitive Awareness Inventory that was originally developed by Schraw and Dennison (1994) and adapted to Turkey by Ozsoy and others (2010) in order to use in this study over a total of 84 students in undergraduate programs in geography teaching department, Dokuz Eylul University (Turkey), was applied in this study. Survey method was used in the research. In data analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test and one-way variance analysis was used. Results of the study revealed that geography teacher candidates’ have a medium-high level metacognitive awareness. According to another result of the study, metacognitive awareness scores of geography teacher candidate did not show significant differences according to gender and class level variable.
Privacy-friendly threat detection using DNS

It is increasingly important for network operators to be able to detect the threats that their users are facing. The DNS (Domain Name System) is a useful tool to do so, as almost every action on the Internet is preceded by one or more DNS queries. Attackers widely leverage DNS for attacks such as malware and phishing. Therefore, many threats can be identified by IoCs (Indicator of Compromise) that reside in DNS queries, such as domain names. However, monitoring DNS queries is also very privacy invasive. The DNS queries that a user performs give a lot of information about the user and their behavior. Naively monitoring all DNS queries on the network is therefore unacceptable from a privacy perspective. In this thesis, we introduce a threat detection method based on a concept called Bloom filters. DNS queries can be collected and stored in these Bloom filters, which provide strong privacy guarantees. For example, we cannot enumerate the queries that are stored, and we can only look for an exact occurrence in the Bloom filters. Using this threat detection method, we can perform limited detection of IoCs that reside in the DNS. We specify goals for the privacy-friendly threat detection method, and identify challenges and limitations. Then, we design and develop a prototype of the detection method based on existing software to fulfil the goals. Furthermore, we validate the prototype using three real-world scenarios. We first look at Booter queries, which can be related to DDoS attacks. Furthermore, we look at blacklist hits from a spam filtering service. Finally, we test high-quality IoCs from a security intelligence community in the network. To validate the prototype, we used real-world DNS queries from the operational recursive name servers at SURFnet, the National Research and education network in the Netherlands. The results of the validation shows that we can indeed build a privacy-friendly threat detection method that fulfils the goals we set. The main contribution of this thesis is a novel, privacy-friendly threat detection method based on Bloom filters. Furthermore, an open-source prototype is developed and validated, that integrates with all major DNS resolver applications. This thesis aims to provide a starting point for network operators to get started with the prototype easily. Privacy-Friendly Threat Detection using DNS iii
Right to Universal Mobility: A Consequentialist Cosmopolitan Reading

Migration and the policy of admission of aliens into political communities is increasingly recognised as a key issue of both political agendas and academic debates. As a political issue, migration is at the centre of a controversy where the proponents of more open policies argue against tight border controls on grounds that are often composed of multiple components. Economic theses are frequently mixed with cultural, political, legal, or security arguments. Pragmatic approaches are often entangled with ideological stances, idealistic attitudes, or racist positions. All of this contributes to create a burning situation that not only heats political debates but sometimes also descends to the streets. As a theoretical issue, migration is equally controversial for it intersects a core node of political theory, namely the notion of citizenship. According to liberalism, individuals are entitled to a set of rights including the right to mobility, and yet this right is constrained by an equally recognised right to collective self-determination and national autonomy. This tension is more and more problematic in a world in which individual human rights are on the rise and state sovereignty is in decline in many respects – except for the issue of immigration.
Green Marketing and Its Impacts on Consumer Behavior in Sports Shops

The aim of this study was investigation of g reen marketing and its impacts on consumer behavior in sports shops in East Azerbaijan province of Iran. The p resent study is functionalized by objectives and done by field. The study statistical society was sports shops in East Azerbaijan and 210 samples were chosen randomly according to Morgan sampling method and 196 questionnaires were collected finally. The author -prepared questionnaires validity was approved by some experts in sport management and marketing. Field and the reliability were assessed by pilot study using Chronbachs Alpha (�±= 819%) which showed that the tool was reliable. The questionnaire had 30 items rated by Lakers scale. Questionnaire introduct ion contained demographic pieces information of age, income and education degree. Results shows that a significant relationship between green products features, green promotion, green pricing and green distributing with consumer green behavior;and education, income, and age , but notmarital status, gender hada moderating effect onconsumer green sports behavior.
Synthesis and Experimental Validation of New Designed Heterocyclic Compounds with Antiproliferative Activity versus Breast Cancer Cell Lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231

Recent drug discovery efforts are highly focused towards identification, design, and synthesis of small molecules as anticancer agents. With this aim, we recently designed and synthesized novel compounds with high efficacy and specificity for the treatment of breast tumors. Based on the obtained results, we constructed a Volsurf+ (VS+) model using a dataset of 59 compounds able to predict the in vitro antitumor activity against MCF-7 cancer cell line for new derivatives. In the present paper, in order to further verify the robustness of this model, we report the results of the projection of more than 150 known molecules and 9 newly synthesized compounds. We predict their activity versus MCF-7 cell line and experimentally verify the in silico results for some promising chosen molecules in two human breast cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231.