Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Decisiones intertemporales y decisiones bajo incertidumbre: Relaciones lógicas y conceptuales

Se presentan algunos de los desarrollos recientes en la teoria de la eleccion intertemporal bajo incertidumbre atendiendo a las relaciones logicas y conceptuales, las similitudes y las diferencias entre los modelos de eleccion bajo incertidumbre y los de eleccion intertemporal. Se estudian las restricciones sobre las preferencias de los agentes y las formas especificas de valoracion de programas de eleccion intertemporal a que tales restricciones dan lugar. Se discute el problema de la consistencia temporal en las decisiones y su racionalidad, dado el papel crucial que juegan las funciones de descuento intertemporal. Se explora la literatura empirica sobre estas cuestiones. Palabras clave: Eleccion, utilidad esperada, elecciones intertemporales, riesgo, dilacion temporal, racionalidad. Clasificacion JEL: D03, D81. The article presents some recent developments in the theory of intertemporal choice and choice under uncertainty, paying attention to the logical and conceptual relationships, similarities and differences between the models of kind of choice. Restrictions on the preferences of the agents and the specific forms of assessment programs to intertemporal constraints are studied and the consequences that they impose on resulting choices. The problem of temporal consistency in decision making and their rationale are discussed, given the crucial role of intertemporal discount functions. Some empirical literature on these topics is explored. Key words: Choice, expected utility, intertemporal choice, risk, time delay, rationality.
How Games and Simulations Can Help Meet America's Challenges in Science Mathematics and Technology Education

There is universal agreement that a U.S. economy that successfully recovers from the current deep recession must be built around businesses able to innovate and adapt quickly to innovations. Innovation is particularly critical in the operation of the nation’s system of education and training that will be forced to meet dramatically increased demand – both in the quantity of what must be learned and in the number and the diversity of people needing to learn. New information technologies, particularly a new generation of simulations and computer-based games, provide a powerful set of tools for meeting these goals at an acceptable price. The discussion below reviews the nature of the challenge, the ways simulation and game technology can help meet the challenge (with an emphasis on science, mathematics, technology, and engineering education), and outline a path forward that can accelerate development and, where appropriate, rapid adoption of the new technologies. abstract
Analyse de dépendance des programmes à objet en utilisant les modèles probabilistes des entrées

The task of maintenance and understanding of object-oriented programs is becoming increasingly costly. Dependency analysis can be a solution to facilitate this engineering task. However, dependency analysis is a task both important and difficult. We propose a framework for studying program internal dependencies in a probabilistic setting, where the program inputs are modeled either as a random vector, or as a Markov chain. In that setting, coupling metrics become random variables whose probability distributions can be studied via Monte-Carlo simulation. The obtained distributions provide an entry point for understanding the internal dependencies of program elements, as well as their general behaviour. This framework is appropriate for the (common) situation where the value taken by the metric does depend on the program inputs and where those inputs are not fixed a priori. We provide a concrete illustration with two case studies.
Relação entre os formalismos de Green-Schwarz e espinores puros para a supercorda

In this thesis, we have shown the equivalence of the Green-Schwarz and pure spinor formalisms for the superstring. Starting from the Green-Schwarz action in the semi-light-cone gauge with additional fermionic degrees of freedom, we have related the BRST operator of pure spinor formalism to the semi-light-cone Green-Schwarz operator through similarity transformations, indicating the equivalence of the cohomologies. This equivalence proof is a generalization of the procedure used to relate the Brink-Schwarz and pure spinor’s superparticle.
Injection de fautes par impulsion laser dans des circuits sécurisés

De tout temps, l’Homme s’est vu contraint de proteger les fruits de sa creativite et les domaines concernant sa securite. Ses informations sont souvent sensibles, dans les relations politiques et commerciales notamment. Aussi, la necessite de les proteger en les rendant opaques au regard d’adversaires ou de concurrents est vite survenue. Depuis l’Antiquite, les procedes de masquages et enfin de cryptages furent nombreux. Les techniques de protection, depuis l’epoque industrielle n’ont fait que croitre pour voir apparaitre, durant la seconde guerre mondiale, l’archetype des machines electromecaniques (telle l’Enigma), aux performances reputees inviolables. De nos jours, les nouveaux circuits de protection embarquent des procedes aux algorithmes hyper performants. Malgre toutes ces protections, les produits restent la cible privilegiee des « pirates » qui cherchent a casser par tous les moyens les structures de securisation, en vue d’utilisations frauduleuses. Ces « hackers » disposent d’une multitude de techniques d’attaques, l’une d’elles utilise un procede par injections de fautes a l’aide d’un faisceau laser. Des le debut de ce manuscrit (Chapitre I), l’etat de l’art de l’injection de fautes sera developpe, en se focalisant sur celles faite a l’aide d’un faisceau laser. Ceci aidera a bien apprehender ces procedes intrusifs et ainsi proteger au mieux les microcontroleurs securises contre ces types d’attaques. Il est necessaire de bien comprendre les phenomenes physiques mis en jeu lors de l’interaction entre une onde de lumiere coherente, tels les lasers et le materiau physico-chimique qu’est le silicium. De la comprehension de ces phenomenes, une modelisation electrique des portes CMOS sous illumination laser a ete mise en oeuvre pour prevoir leurs comportements (chapitre II). De bonnes correlations ont pu etre obtenues entre mesures et simulations electrique. Ces resultats peuvent permettre de tester la sensibilite au laser de portes CMOS au travers de cartographies de simulation. De cette meilleure comprehension des phenomenes et de ce simulateur mis en place, de nombreuses contre-mesures ont ete imaginees. Les nouvelles techniques developpees, presentees dans ce manuscrit, donnent deja des pistes pour accroitre la robustesse des circuits CMOS contre des attaques laser. D’ores et deja, ce travail a permis la mise en oeuvre de detecteurs lasers embarques sur les puces recentes, renforcant ainsi sensiblement la securite des produits contre une attaque de type laser.
MULTI-USER SUPPORT FOR VIRTUAL GEOGEBRA TEAMS

This is a paper on innovative development activities to create a multi-user format for the GeoGebra interface. The Virtual Math Teams Project has for several years been developing an online environment to support small groups of students to engage in collaborative learning of mathematics. The software environment integrates synchronous and asynchronous media and associated tools. It supports a shared whiteboard, wiki pages, text chat and, most recently, an innovative multi-user version of GeoGebra. This will allow teams of students to work together—even globally—on dynamic mathematics constructions and discussions. This paper discusses some design considerations for an environment to support collaborative learning with GeoGebra—it is a technological design paper, assuming math educational goals discussed elsewhere.
THE TRANSMISSION OF ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER BY THE BITE OF THE WOOD-TICK (DERMACENTOR OCCIDENTALIS).

InThe Journal, July 7, I reported briefly my success in transmitting Rocky Mountain spotted fever to the guinea-pig and monkey. With these results in hand, it at once became apparent that a means had been provided by which to test the theory of transmission by the wood-tick, a theory which was primarily advanced by Wilson and Chowning. It was my first aim to establish, beyond the opportunity of doubt, the susceptibility of the animals mentioned, and it was only after this susceptibility had been determined by inoculation from two different patients that the study of the tick as an intermediate host for the parasite was taken up. On June 19 a small female tick was placed at the base of the ear of "Bradley" Guinea-pig 1. This guinea-pig had been inoculated intraperitoneally on June 11 with three cubic cm. of defibrinated blood from the patient, Bradley, and died with
COGNITIVE ROLE OF ENGINEERS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS ON THE FRENCHMARKET

The aim of the current paper is to show the effect of the involvement of engineers in the channels of both decision and control on the financial performance of the company. The theoretical framework of this study is based on the contributions of cognitive governance theories. The study which was conducted on a sample of French companies belonging to the 250 SBF index over the period 2003-2007 shows that the presence of an administrator who has a share in the capital and has training in the field of engineering promotes the company’s financial performance.
Hierarchical Knowledge Relations and Dynamics in the 'Tower of Babel'

Acknowledging that the digital divide is becoming more of a knowledge divide, we invoke an image of the 'Tower of Babel,' evincing a vertical hierarchy of information and relations in which access to the top tiers is highly limited. Depicting the knowledge society itself, which encompasses a highly complex interconnected system of digital networks within which interaction among social actors occur and from which knowledge is created and diffused, we emphasize networks as a central factor determining access and posit the broader notion of then Digital Knowledge Network Divide (DKND) to better understand related structures and dynamics. In the face of concerns over democratizing trends and, more, general calls for expanding the science and technology workforce and increasing scientific literacy, access to knowledge is critical. Accordingly, an important challenge for the years to come will be to characterize the evolving and unique landscape of the knowledge society in order to inform and design effective policies and programs. Related research will require the development of measures and tools that capture the hierarchical relations and dynamics of the DKND and that, ultimately, will allow for the assessment of related spatio-temporal disparities and the determination of indicators of network connectivity to measure changes in overall access and participation in the knowledge society.
Viewing the problem from different angles: a new diversity measure based on angular distances

It is commonly believed that diversity is crucial for an evolutionary system to succeed, especially when the problem to be solved contains local optima from which the population cannot easily escape. There exist numerous methods to measure population diversity, but none of these have been shown to be consistently useful. In this paper, a new diversity measure is introduced, and it is shown that high diversity according to this new measure generally leads to a more successful overall evolution in most of the cases considered.
The energetic double salt nitroguanidinium nitrateguanidinium nitrate (1/1)

The title compound, CH5N4O2+·CH6N3+·2NO3−, consists of alternating layers of guanidinium and nitro­guanidinium cations, these cations being parallel to each other within the layers and perpendicular in adjacent layers. The layers are connected by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds to nitrate anions, forming an infinite three-dimensional framework. These hydrogen-bond patterns are closely related to those of guanidinium nitrate.
Performance analysis of the multi-user system

Cross-layer design has been shown to offer high spectral efficiency which benefits from the inherent multi-user diversity in wireless fading channels. In cross-layer OFDMA systems with perfect CSIT, it is well known that the system throughput (ergodic capacity) scales in the order of O(log logK) due to the MuDiv gain. However, with imperfect CSIT, it is still not clear whether we can get the same performance as that of the perfect case. In the first part of this thesis, we shall consider the cross-layer OFDMA scheduling design under various practical PHY layer and MAC layer constraints for a wireless system with one base station and K mobile users . We study the crosslayer scheduling design with imperfect channel state information (CSI) at the base station for delay-tolerant applications. The imperfectness of CSI is assumed to be the result of feedback or duplexing delay. With imperfect CSI at transmitter (CSIT), there exists a potential packet transmission error when the scheduled data rate exceeds the instantaneous channel capacity referring to packet outage. The OFDMA cross-layer design with delayed CSIT is modeled as an mixed integer and convex optimization problem where the rate adaptation, power adaptation and subcarrier allocation policies are designed to optimize the system goodput (b/s/Hz successfully received by the mobiles). At the time same time, we are interested to
Chaotic complex spreading sequences with multiple access performance better than purely random sequences

The paper presents a theoretic analysis on a performance index of the recently proposed chaotic complex spreading sequences, which characterizes the multiple access interference introduced by cross-correlation of a sequence set in asynchronous DS/CDMA systems. Based on this analysis it is possible to design chaotic spreading sequences outperforming ideal random sequences. Numerical results on biphase and quadriphase chaotic sequences are given.
Advances In Spatial Econometrics Methodology Tools And Applications

Thank you for downloading advances in spatial econometrics methodology tools and applications. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their favorite readings like this advances in spatial econometrics methodology tools and applications, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some malicious virus inside their laptop.
Heart Failure Management - Evolution Over The Ages

The simplest definition of heart failure is “A condition in which the heart fails to discharge its contents adequately". Even though the prevalence is quoted at 4 – 20 / 1000 population, in the elderly above 65 years, the figures may exceed 100/1000. After the age of 45, it is found that the relative incidence of heart failure which is approximately 1 – 5 /1000, double for each decade of life. As modernization increases and healthcare improves over the years, the prevalence of heart failure also increases due to the increase in longevity of individuals.
A Chinese Web Page Classifier Based on Support Vector Machine and Unsupervised Clustering

This paper presents a new algorithm that combines Support Vector Machine (SVM) and unsupervised clustering. After analyzing the characteristics of web pages, it proposes a new vector representation of web pages and applies it to web page classification. Given a training set, the algorithm clusters positive and negative examples respectively by the unsupervised clustering algorithm (UC), which will produce a number of positive and negative centers. Then, it selects only some of the examples to input to SVM according to ISUC algorithm. At the end, it constructs a classifier through SVM learning. Any text can be classified by comparing the distance of clustering centers or by SVM. If the text nears one cluster center of a category and far away from all the cluster centers of other categories, UC can classify it rightly with high possibility, otherwise SVM is employed to decide the category it belongs. The algorithm utilizes the virtues of SVM and unsupervised clustering. The experiment shows that it not only improves training efficiency, but also has good precision.
Development of Slow Control Package for the Belle II Calorimeter Trigger System

The Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB e+e- collider in KEK, Japan does start physics data-taking from early of 2018 with primary physics goal that is to probe the New Physics effect using heavy quark and lepton weak decays. During trigger and DAQ operation upon beam collision, it is important that Belle II detector (Fig. 1) status have to be monitored in a process of data-taking against an unexpected situation. Slow control system, built in the Control System Studio (CSS) which is a GUI window design tool based on Eclipse, is one of monitoring and controlling systems in Belle II operation. Database and archiver servers are connected to slow control system. Experimental parameters are downloaded to Belle II main database server which is based on PostgreSQL. Real-time results are stored in archiver server which is based on EPICS (The Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System) archiver appliances and tomcat which is open-source java servlet container. In this study, we report the development of slow control system for the Belle II electromagnetic calorimeter (ECL) trigger system.
Preuve de concept d'une liaison radio mer-air d'une balise autonome de petites dimensions - Projet BELOCOPA : conception d'antennes multi-bande sur substrat souple

Cette these s'inscrit dans le projet FUI-2011 BELOCOPA (Bouee Ejectable pour la LOcalisation et la COllecte des Parametres de vol d'un Aeronef abime en mer). Il s'agissait de concevoir et de developper un equipement embarque, extractible et autonome pour localiser rapidement et avec precision un aeronef abime en mer et recuperer par liaisons radio les principales donnees de vol a partir d'un patrouilleur maritime. Le but de cette these, au sein de l'Institut Fresnel, concernait l'etude et la realisation de l'antenne principale de la balise. Cette antenne devait etre tres flexible et de petites dimensions pour etre pliee et inseree dans un espace reduit de la balise et resistante lors son deploiement apres son ejection de l'avion. La premiere partie du travail a eu pour objectif de caracteriser en terme de permittivite les differents materiaux dielectriques entrant dans la constitution de la balise, a savoir les substrats sur lesquels sont fixees les antennes et le radome. La deuxieme partie de la these porte sur la conception d'antennes multi-bandes fonctionnant en modes dipolaires sur le plan de frequences du cahier des charges du projet. Ces antennes ont la particularite d'etre extremement souples. Cette souplesse a ete obtenue en realisant des motifs metalliques rayonnants sur une toile polyamide. Plusieurs motifs ont ete etudies et testes pour converger vers une antenne meandre fonctionnant a trois frequences distinctes. A l'issue de cette etude, un prototype de l'antenne finale positionnee dans son radome constitue le dernier maillon du prototype de la balise de detresse du projet BELOCOPA.
Cerebral vasodilatory capacity and reactivity in young African Americans : a comparison of rebreathing and steady-state hypercapnia to assess cerebrovascular health

Evaluation of changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) in response to manipulation of arterial carbon dioxide tension ( 𝑃 CO 2 ) is a non-invasive technique to assess cerebrovascular function. Hypercapnia is achieved using respiratory maneuvers that produce either transient or step changes in 𝑃 CO 2 . Although the CBF response is similar between methods, transient hypercapnia through rebreathing provides additional data points and allows for a more dynamic assessment of the relationship between CBF and end-tidal CO 2 tension ( 𝑃 ET,CO 2 ). The aim of this study was to compare rebreathing and steady-state methodologies to evaluate population differences in the cerebral hemodynamic response to hypercapnia. We hypothesized that during rebreathing, African American (AA) individuals would exhibit a lower maximal increase in cerebrovascular conductance (CVCI) relative to Caucasian Americans (CA) despite comparable cerebrovascular reactivity to CO 2 (CVR), whereas during steady-state hypercapnia, there would be no difference between groups during inhalation of 3% or 6% CO 2 , but AA would display reduced CVCI when breathing 9% CO 2 . cerebral artery blood flow velocity (CBFV) was measured using transcranial Doppler ultrasound in young, healthy AA (n = 12) and CA (n = 11) participants during two conditions (randomized): (i) transient, breath-by-breath increases in 𝑃 ET,CO 2 induced by rebreathing; and (ii) steady-state increases in 𝑃 ET,CO 2 induced by inhalation of 3%, 6%, and 9% CO 2 . The maximal increase in CVCI (CBFV/mean arterial pressure) with hypercapnia was lower in AA compared to CA in both methods (rebreathing, P = 0.018; steady-state, P = 0.049). Linear regression of CVCI vs. 𝑃 ET,CO 2 during steady-state hypercapnia suggested that CVR was reduced in AA when the slopes from baseline (P = 0.044) or 3% (P = 0.039) through 6% CO 2 were considered, whereas logistic regression of the response to rebreathing indicated no difference in maximal CVR between the two groups (P = 0.59). These results indicate that both rebreathing and steady-state techniques were sufficient to detect differences in the cerebral vasodilatory reserve capacity between populations, whereas linear regression to estimate CVR is influenced by the extent of hypercapnia and may inaccurately describe CVR when data from the asymptotic region of the response is included in analysis.
COMPUTER MODELLING OF CONCRETE SERVICE LIFE

In all concrete constructions besides the common strength problems, in presence or not of seismic activity, serious problems from environmental attack may be presented which significantly decrease their durability and service lifetime. In the literature, there is a vast number of papers dealing with degradation mechanisms, attempting either to study them experimentally or to simulate them using fundamental or empirical models. The lots of experimental results and the complicated mathematical models on the other hand, make difficult their wide use from the concrete engineers, who want to predict the concrete service life. It is time all this information to be included in a software package, where the user, by giving the minimum required data, to receive the concrete mix design reliably, ensuring the specified strength level and service lifetime, at the minimum cost. General guidance on the use of alternative performance-related design methods with respect to durability is already given in the European Standard EN 206 and it could be evolved in further generation standards. In this paper, such a first approach is presented, i.e., a computer software package for reliable concrete design achieving a specified concrete strength, service life and production cost.
Viridans streptococci Intracranial Abscess Masquerading as Metastatic Disease

7 Viridans streptococci Intracranial Abscess Masquerading as Metastatic Disease Brandon Ruderman, MD*, Traci Thoureen, MD* and Joshua Broder, MD* *Duke University Medical Center, Division of Emergency Medicine, Durham, NC Correspondence should be addressed to Brandon Ruderman, MD at brandon.ruderman@duke.edu Submitted: October 1, 2017; Accepted: November 5, 2017; Electronically Published: January 15, 2018; https://doi.org/10.21980/J8CH05 Copyright: © 2018 Ruderman, et al. This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Empty Line Calibri Size 12