Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving Mental Health Help-Seeking Behaviours for Male Students: A Framework for Developing a Complex Intervention

Men are less likely to seek help for mental health difficulties and this process is often used to help explain the disproportionally higher suicide rates compared to women. Furthermore, university students are often regarded as a vulnerable population group with a lower propensity to seek help. Thus, male students are a very high-risk group that is even more reluctant to seek help for mental health difficulties, placing them at high risk of suicide. Often, student mental health problems are highlighted in the media, but very few evidence-based solutions specifically designed for male students exist. The current paper seeks to provide a comprehensive framework about how to better design mental health interventions that seek to improve male students’ willingness to access psychological support. The Medical Research Council’s (MRC’s) framework for developing a complex intervention was used to develop an intervention relevant to male students. In this paper, previous help-seeking interventions and their evaluation methods are first described, secondly, a theoretical framework outlining the important factors male students face when accessing support, and thirdly, how these factors can be mapped onto a model of behaviour change to inform the development of an evidence-based intervention are discussed. Finally, an example intervention with specific functions and behaviour change techniques is provided to demonstrate how this framework can be implemented and evaluated. It is hoped that this framework can be used to help reduce the disparity between male and female students seeking mental health support.
Physiological and Growth Differences in Three Stocks of Underyearling Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) on Early Entry into Seawater

We compared the impact of exposure to seawater on three sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) stocks: one that normally migrates to sea as underyearlings (sea-type) and two with the more common life history strategies of 1 (river-type) or 2 (lake-type) yr of freshwater residence prior to seaward migration. Innate differences in survival, ability to regulate tissue chlorides, and oxygen consumption when first introduced into salt water were more evident in April and May when fish were less than 50 mm in length. In fish longer than 50 mm, the only significant differences among the stocks were in saltwater growth. Between June and August, sea-type fish showed faster growth than river-type fish which in turn grew faster than lake-type fish. When introduced into salt water in October, virtually no growth occurred in any stock, regardless of fish size. River-type and lake-type sockeye, which normally overwinter 1 and 2 yr, respectively, in freshwater, can be reared in seawater if underyearlings are raised to a le.
Study on limiting nutrients and phytoplankton at long‐line‐culture areas in Laizhou Bay and Sanggou Bay, northeastern China

1. Concentrations of major nutrients (NH4+-N, NO3−-N, NO2−-N, HPO4−-P, Si(OH)4-Si) were measured, nutrient enrichment experiments (oxygen-production bioassay) were conducted and phytoplankton were analysed at typical long-line-culture areas in Laizhou Bay and Sanggou Bay, northeastern China, from March 2001 to March 2002. 2. Generally, much variation of nutrient indices was detected among the sampling stations, between the two bays and in different seasons: the concentration of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) fluctuated more violently and ranged much more widely in Sanggou Bay. N-limitation was usually found in both bays, and the ranking of limiting potentials of major nutrients was N>Fe>P=Si in Laizhou Bay and N>P>Fe>Si in Sanggou Bay. Diatoms dominated the phytoplankton community in Sanggou Bay, but only dominated in eight months (with flagellates dominant in four months) in Laizhou Bay. 3. Linear and nonparametric correlation analyses suggested that a large number of the nutrient and phytoplankton variables measured have intrinsic relationships within themselves. Much more complicated correlations between phytoplankton and nutrient indices were found in Laizhou Bay than in Sanggou Bay. This, together with the violent fluctuations of DIN concentrations, indicated a more fragile ecosystem stability in Sanggou Bay. 4. The relatively exposed locations and less crowded settings of the rafts in the long-line-culture areas in Laizhou Bay allowed for a better water exchange, and the effect of aquaculture activity on the environment was not significant. Because of the intensity of aquaculture activities in Sanggou Bay, the biological, chemical and physical characteristics in the bay are greatly affected; a reduced cultivation density based on more comprehensive studies of carrying capacity of the bay is suggested. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In Vitro and In Vivo Inhibition of Rat Brain Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity by Phencyclidine

Phencyclidine (PCP) is a widely abused psychoactive drug that perturbs many neurotransmitter systems studied to date. Nitric oxide (NO) has been established as a neuronal messenger and its rapid diffusibility across cell membranes makes NO an extensive and versatile messenger in brain development and functioning. The present study was initiated to investigate the effect of PCP on rat brain nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity both in vitro and in vivo. Brain cytosolic fractions from normal rats were used for in vitro and in vivo studies. The rats were treated with a single dose of PCP (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally); the brains were removed at 0, 1, 2, 6, and 12 hours after PCP treatment and the cytosolic fractions were prepared by homogenization and centrifugation. NOS activity was assessed by quantifying the release of [3H]-citrulline from [3H]-arginine. PCP significantly inhibited rat brain NOS in vitro in a concentration (0.05–2 mM)-dependent manner. The kinetic evaluation of arginine, NADPH, and Ca2+ activation of NOS revealed that PCP (0.5 mM) inhibited NOS activity competitively with respect to arginine and NADPH and noncompetitively inhibited with respect to Ca2+. PCP also caused a time-dependent reduction of brain NOS activity in vivo as early as 1 hour after treatment. Even after 12 hours of PCP treatment, NOS activity did not reverse to its normal level as compared to the control group, suggesting sequestration and persistence of the drug in the central nervous system. These results suggest that inhibition of brain NOS by PCP might be one of the mechanisms through which PCP causes neurotoxicity.
Effect of ornament manipulations on following relations in male bearded reedlings

Several studies have investigated how individuals’ social status or behavioural and physiological traits affect social organisation in group-living species, but the potential role of ornamental traits has been rarely studied. Here, we analysed initiator–follower interactions in relation to experimentally manipulated sexually selected ornaments in captive flocks of male bearded reedlings (Panurus biarmicus). We manipulated beard length or tail length on the most and least frequently followed individuals in unisex flocks and examined how trait manipulation affected social prestige (i.e. frequency of being followed) and centrality (i.e. frequency of following others) of these individuals. We found that prestige/centrality after manipulation was significantly positively associated with their before-manipulation measure, whereas body condition did not affect social position within flocks. Similarly, the manipulation of the ornamental traits had no significant effect on the social positions of the manipulated individuals. Both social prestige and centrality were significantly positively correlated with the frequency of allopreening interactions, but not related to fighting success, i.e. the number of won/total fights in the flocks. Our findings indicate that the level of influence male bearded reedlings exert on social cohesion is not related to ornamental traits, and birds are likely to have a consistent social position, at least in the short term, within their flocks.
Effects of nicotine on Malassez' epithelial rest cells in early primary culture: cell proliferation and mRNA expression of heat shock protein 70 and vascular endothelial growth factor

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of nicotine on Malassez' epithelial rest (MER) cells which are thought to maintain the homeostasis of the periodontal ligament. MER cells obtained from porcine periodontal ligament were cultured for 7 days, after which nicotine was added to the culture medium at concentrations of 0.03 μM, 0.15 μM or 0.2 μM. Cells cultured without nicotine were used as controls. Cell proliferation and expression of mRNAs encoding heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were analyzed to evaluate the effects of nicotine. The cell proliferation ratios of all nicotine-treated groups were significantly lower than the control group on day 7. The expression of HSP70 mRNA in all nicotine-treated groups was higher than in the control group. The expression of VEGF mRNA in all nicotine-treated groups at all times examined tended to be lower than in the control groups. In conclusion, nicotine affects MER cells by increasing mRNA expression of HSP70, but decreasing that of VEGF.
Review: Ammonia emissions from dairy farms and beef feedlots1

Hristov, A. N. , Hanigan, M. , Cole, A. , Todd, R. , McAllister T. A. , Ndegwa, P. and Rotz, A. 2011. Review: Ammonia emissions from dairy farms and beef feedlots. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 1–35. Ammonia emitted from animal feeding operations is an environmental and human health hazard, contributing to eutrophication of surface waters and nitrate contamination of ground waters, soil acidity, and fine particulate matter formation. It may also contribute to global warming through nitrous oxide formation. Along with these societal concerns, ammonia emission is a net loss of manure fertilizer value to the producer. A significant portion of cattle manure nitrogen, primarily from urinary urea, is converted to ammonium and eventually lost to the atmosphere as ammonia. Determining ammonia emissions from cattle operations is complicated by the multifaceted nature of the factors regulating ammonia volatilization, such as manure management, ambient temperature, wind speed, and manure composition and pH. Approaches to quanti.
Toxicological effects of selected insecticides on Nephaspis oculatus (Col., Coccinellidae), a predator of Bemisia argentifolii (Hom., Aleyrodidae)

Abstract: Toxicological effects of selected biorational insecticides were tested in the laboratory against all developmental stages of Nephaspis oculatus (Blatchley), a predator of whiteflies including silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring. Biorational insecticides included a mineral oil (Sunspray Ultra‐Fine Oil), an insecticidal soap (M‐Pede), and a mixture of sucrose and glucose esters (a detergent‐like extract of Nicotiana gossei Domin). A pyrethroid (Capture 2EC) was used for comparison and water as control. N. oculatus has four distinct instars but the larvae were divided into two size categories (small and large) for bioassays. Pyrethroid was toxic to all developmental stages of N. oculatus and insecticide soap was toxic to larvae, but not to adults, eggs or pupae. Mineral oil was moderately toxic to eggs, but had no significant effect on other stages. Mixture of sucrose and glucose esters was innocuous to all life stages of the beetle. These results indicated that the use of pyrethroid would be incompatible with biological control of whitefly by N. oculatus and that considerable interference with predator activity could be expected from insecticidal soap, depending on the timing of application. On the other hand, mineral oil and especially N. gossei extract could be used against the whitefly with relative impunity to the coccinellids.
Correlation between the Spread of COVID-19 and the Interest in Personal Protective Measures in Poland and Portugal

The pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has gained extensive coverage in public media and global news, generated international and national communication campaigns to educate the communities worldwide and raised the attention of everyone. The coronavirus has caused viral pneumonia in tens of thousands of people around the world, and the COVID-19 outbreak changed most countries’ routines and concerns and transformed social behaviour. This study explores the potential use of Google Trends (GT) in monitoring interest in the COVID-19 outbreak and, specifically, in personal protective equipment and hand hygiene, since these have been promoted by official health care bodies as two of the most protective measures. GT was chosen as a source of reverse engineering data, given the interest in the topic and the novelty of the research. Current data on COVID-19 are retrieved from GT using keywords in two languages—Portuguese and Polish. The geographical settings for GT are two countries: Poland and Portugal. The period under analysis is 20 January 2020, when the first cases outside China were known, to 15 June 2020. The results show that there is a correlation between the spread of COVID-19 and the search for personal protective equipment and hand hygiene and that GT can help, to a certain extent, understand people’s concerns, behaviour and reactions to sanitary problems and protection recommendations.
Identification and Functional Characterization of PtoMYB055 Involved in the Regulation of the Lignin Biosynthesis Pathway in Populus tomentosa

Wood, which is mainly composed of lignified secondary cell wall, is the most abundant biomass in woody plants. Previous studies have revealed that R2R3-type MYB transcription factors are important regulators of the formation of the secondary cell wall in vascular plants. In this study, we isolated the R2R3-type MYB transcription factor gene PtoMYB055, which is mainly expressed in xylem and phloem tissue, from Populus tomentosa and demonstrate that PtoMYB055 is a key regulator of lignin biosynthesis. PtoMYB055 as a transcriptional activator is localized to the nucleus. Overexpression of PtoMYB055 upregulates expression of lignin biosynthetic genes in transgenic poplar plants, resulting in ectopic deposition of lignin in phloem tissue and an increase in thickness of the secondary cell wall. In sum, PtoMYB055 is a transcriptional activator that is involved in regulating lignin biosynthesis during the formation of the secondary cell wall in poplar.
The Role of Dysfunctional Adipose Tissue in Pancreatic Cancer: A Molecular Perspective

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a lethal malignancy with rising incidence and limited therapeutic options. Obesity is a well-established risk factor for PC development. Moreover, it negatively affects outcome in PC patients. Excessive fat accumulation in obese, over- and normal-weight individuals induces metabolic and inflammatory changes of adipose tissue microenvironment leading to a dysfunctional adipose “organ”. This may drive the association between abnormal fat accumulation and pancreatic cancer. In this review, we describe several molecular mechanisms that underpin this association at both local and systemic levels. We focus on the role of adipose tissue-derived circulating factors including adipokines, hormones and pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as on the impact of the local adipose tissue in promoting PC. A discussion on potential therapeutic interventions, interfering with pro-tumorigenic effects of dysfunctional adipose tissue in PC, is included. Considering the raise of global obesity, research efforts to uncover the molecular basis of the relationship between pancreatic cancer and adipose tissue dysfunction may provide novel insights for the prevention of this deadly disease. In addition, these efforts may uncover novel targets for personalized interventional strategies aimed at improving the currently unsatisfactory PC therapeutic options.
The Early History of the Proteaceae in Australia: the Pollen Record

The early history of the Proteaceae in Australia is traced from the record of fossil pollen that possess characters having taxonomic resolution among extant members of the family. Pollen characters useful for segregating subfamilies and generic groups are apertural number and form together with exine stratification and structure. When considered in conjunction with pollen shape, polarity, and size and exine sculpturing, they may be used to discriminate generic and/or species groups. The fossil pollen record suggests that the family originated in northern Gondwana during the late Cenomanian and radiated by as yet unidentified routes into southern high latitudes during the Turonian. There the family underwent substantial differentiation and expansion during Santonian–Maastrichtian times when at least four of the seven extant subfamilies evolved. Although diversification in Australia principally involved rainforest lineages (e.g. Macadamia–Helicia, Carnarvonia, Gevuina) ancestors of some sclerophyllous taxa (e.g. Adenanthos) also differentiated; this occurred in a regionalised vegetation of mesotherm open-forests in which podocarps and araucarians were important. Subsequent (Paleocene–Eocene) diversification and consolidation of the family may have focused on introduction and expansion of sclerophyllous lineages (e.g. Isopogon, Petrophile), but rainforest elements (e.g. Embothrium) were also involved. The associated vegetation, which was regionalised, experienced considerable floristic modifications during this time with introductions and/or expansion of an array of angiosperm taxa, notably Casuarinaceae, Myrtaceae and Nothofagus. In southern regions a marked decline in proteaceous pollen diversity and abundance occurred near the end of the Eocene, whereas in north-eastern regions the decline may have been later, during the Miocene.
Incidence, Prevalence, and Risk Factors of Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain: A Systematic Review

The current systematic review aimed to investigate the incidence, prevalence, and risk factors causing hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP) after stroke. Two independent authors screened titles and abstracts for the eligibility of the included studies in the electronic databases PubMed and Web of Science. Studies which reported the incidence, prevalence, and risk factors of HSP following stroke were included. The included studies were assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for evaluating the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. Eighteen studies were included in the final synthesis. In all studies, the number of patients ranged between 58 and 608, with the mean age ranging from 58.7 to 76 years. Seven included studies were rated as “good “quality, while one study rated “fair” and 10 studies rated “poor” quality. Eight studies reported incidence rate while 11 studies reported the prevalence of HSP following a stroke. The incidence of HSP was ranging from 10 to 22% in the metanalysis of the included studies. The prevalence of HSP was ranging from 22 to 47% in the metanalysis of the included studies. The most significant predictors of HSP were age, female gender, increased tone, sensory impairment, left-sided hemiparesis, hemorrhagic stroke, hemispatial neglect, positive past medical history, and poor National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score. The incidence and prevalence of HSP after stroke vary considerably due to various factors. Knowledge of predictors is important to minimize the risk of developing HSP following a stroke.
The Class III Gibberellin 2-Oxidases AtGA2ox9 and AtGA2ox10 Contribute to Cold Stress Tolerance and Fertility1[OPEN]

Two multifunctional class III gibberellin 2-oxidases contribute to freezing tolerance and to the regulation of seed production. Many developmental processes in plants are regulated by GA hormones. GA homeostasis is achieved via complex biosynthetic and catabolic pathways. GA catabolic enzymes include GA 2-oxidases that are classified into three classes. Members of class III GA 2-oxidases typically act on GA precursors containing a C20-skeleton. Here, we identified two further members of this class of GA 2-oxidases, namely AtGA2ox9 and AtGA2ox10, in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome. Both genes encode enzymes that have functional similarities to AtGA2ox7 and AtGA2ox8, which are class III GA 2-oxidases that 2β-hydroxylate C20-GAs. Previously unknown for GA 2-oxidases, AtGA2ox9 performs 2α-hydroxylation of C19-GAs and harbors putative desaturating activity of C20-GAs. Additionally, AtGA2ox9 and AtGA2ox10 exhibit GA 20-oxidase activity. AtGA2ox9 oxidizes carbon-20 to form tricarboxylic acid C20-GAs, whereas AtGA2ox10 produces C19-GA9. AtGA2ox9 transcript levels increase after cold treatment and AtGA2ox10 is expressed mainly in the siliques of Arabidopsis plants. Atga2ox9 loss-of-function mutants are more sensitive to freezing temperatures, whereas Atga2ox10 loss-of-function mutants produce considerably more seeds per silique than wild-type plants. We conclude that in Arabidopsis, AtGA2ox9 contributes to freezing tolerance and AtGA2ox10 regulates seed production.
Histone Acetyltransferase MOF Orchestrates Outcomes at the Crossroad of Oncogenesis, DNA Damage Response, Proliferation, and Stem Cell Development

The DNA and protein complex known as chromatin is subject to posttranslational modifications (PTMs) that regulate cellular functions such that PTM dysregulation can lead to disease, including cancer. One critical PTM is acetylation/deacetylation, which is being investigated as a means to develop targeted cancer therapies. The histone acetyltransferase (HAT) family of proteins performs histone acetylation. In humans, MOF (hMOF), a member of the MYST family of HATs, acetylates histone H4 at lysine 16 (H4K16ac). ABSTRACT The DNA and protein complex known as chromatin is subject to posttranslational modifications (PTMs) that regulate cellular functions such that PTM dysregulation can lead to disease, including cancer. One critical PTM is acetylation/deacetylation, which is being investigated as a means to develop targeted cancer therapies. The histone acetyltransferase (HAT) family of proteins performs histone acetylation. In humans, MOF (hMOF), a member of the MYST family of HATs, acetylates histone H4 at lysine 16 (H4K16ac). MOF-mediated acetylation plays a critical role in the DNA damage response (DDR) and embryonic stem cell development. Functionally, MOF is found in two distinct complexes: NSL (nonspecific lethal) in humans and MSL (male-specific lethal) in flies. The NSL complex is also able to acetylate additional histone H4 sites. Dysregulation of MOF activity occurs in multiple cancers, including ovarian cancer, medulloblastoma, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer. Bioinformatics analysis of KAT8, the gene encoding hMOF, indicated that it is highly overexpressed in kidney tumors as part of a concerted gene coexpression program that can support high levels of chromosome segregation and cell proliferation. The linkage between MOF and tumor proliferation suggests that there are additional functions of MOF that remain to be discovered.
In vitro mutagenesis for improving date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

Genetic variability is needed for the improvement of crops, which can be either spontaneous or induced by mutagen treatments. The frequency rate of spontaneous mutations is very low and can't be used for plant breeding in developing new cultivars. Mutation breeding has been quite successful for producing new mutant cultivars with desirable traits in both seed and vegetative propagated crops (http://www-mvd.iaea.org). Somatic embryogenic cell cultures of date palm were irradiated with gamma radiation, and regenerated plants were transferred in the greenhouse and treated with Bayoud toxin, isolated from the causal fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis. Several selected putative mutants tolerant to Bayoud disease were initially maintained in the greenhouse and finally transferred in the field for further evaluation. These plants have maintained tolerance to Bayoud disease under field conditions.