Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dealing with Plagiarism in the Digital Age

As the Internet allows easy access to almost every written materials, the rate of plagiarism in educational institution has become one of the main concerns shared among teachers at all levels. This paper is based on the studies the researcher done from 2010-2015 focusing on plagiarism at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The research involved 65 Master’s Degree students, 31 PhD. students and 44 Undergraduate students in three universities in Northern Thailand. The research instruments included questionnaires, in-depth interviews, pre/posttests and essay writing. The research procedures included the experiment employing class activities, a blogging project and eLearning lessons. The findings reveal that digital technology made it easy to plagiarize. The results indicate that more than half of the participants failed to understand and to address the concept of authorship in using outside sources in their writing. Most of the students (82%) were unaware of plagiarism and did it unintentionally. The essay evaluation pointed out that students could improve their writing by using eLearning lessons and feedback from peers and the instructors. Class activities and discussion sessions on the target issues were effective tools and witting in supporting students to write with plagiarism awareness and to use outside sources more carefully. The analysis of essays written by the participants revealed that students plagiarized as they were not confident in their English, laziness, and lack of knowledge on plagiarism. The author will discuss on strategies in detecting plagiarism in students’ work. The highlight will be made on how to assist students in using digital texts as sources for writing wisely.
Direct synthesis of carbide-derived carbon monoliths with hierarchical pore design by hard-templating

Carbide-derived carbon Monoliths (CDC-Ms) containing a multimodal arrangement with high volumes of micro- meso- and macropores are prepared by direct nanocasting of silica monoliths with polycarbosilane precursors. CDC-Ms show well-defined pore structures along with specific surface areas of more than 2600 m2 g−1 and overall pore volumes as high as 3.14 cm3 g−1. They exhibit advanced gas filtration properties compared to purely microporous materials due to enhanced storage capacities and kinetics as demonstrated by thermal response measurements based on InfraSORP technology.
Biochemical and genetic studies on the function of, and relationship between, the PGI1- and CDC30-encoded phosphoglucose isomerases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Isoelectric focusing was used to compare the complement of phosphoglucose isomerase isoenzymes in a wild-type strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in a strain with a deletion in the PGI1 structural gene. Deletion of the PGI1 gene did not result in the absence of the high-Km isoenzyme I but the low-Km isoenzyme II was absent. Hence, the isoenzymes must be the products of two genes. If PGI1 were the sole structural gene its deletion would result in the disappearance of both isoenzymes. After a temperature shift-up a cdc30-bearing strain had cell cycle arrested and contained only 8% of the polysaccharide in the wild-type. Phosphoglucose isomerase is required for the synthesis of fructose 6-phosphate (F6-P), a precursor of the cell wall components chitin and mannoprotein ('mannan'), which are a polysaccharide and contain polysaccharide, respectively. Since the cdc30 mutation confers a temperature-sensitive phosphoglucose isomerase, the likely explanation for cell cycle arrest caused by this mutation is that the defective phosphoglucose isomerase results in a reduction of F6-P and hence an inability to synthesize the mannan and chitin needed for cytokinesis and cell separation. Revertants of a pgi1-1 bearing strain were selected for their ability to grow on glucose at 25 degrees C and this yielded a number of different phenotypes. Amongst the isolates was a strain which had undergone an intragenic reversion at the pgi1 locus, designated pgi1-1,100. This mutation permits growth and cell division at 25 degrees C but results in cell cycle arrest at 36 degrees C. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Single-Waveguide In-Phase Power-Combined Frequency Doubler at 190 GHz

This work represents the first demonstration of in-phase power-combined frequency multipliers above 100 GHz based on a dual-chip single-waveguide topology, which consists of two integrated circuits symmetrically placed along the E-plane of a single transmission waveguide. This strategy increases by a factor of 2 the maximum sustainable input power with regard to traditional waveguide multipliers. A biasless 190 GHz Schottky doubler based on this novel concept has been designed and tested with a 6-10% conversion efficiency measured across a 177-202 GHz band when driven with a 50-100 mW input power at 300 K.
Pseudostenosis phenomenon at volume-rendered three-dimensional digital angiography of intracranial arteries: frequency, location, and effect on image evaluation.

PURPOSE To assess the frequency, location, and effect on image interpretation of a pseudostenosis phenomenon at volume-rendered three-dimensional (3D) digital angiography for evaluation of intracranial arteries and to determine the physical characteristics of the phenomenon by using a phantom. MATERIALS AND METHODS Results of a total of 68 volume-rendered 3D digital angiographic examinations in 56 patients with intracranial aneurysms were retrospectively evaluated in comparison with results of digital subtraction angiography regarding the appearance of a pseudostenosis phenomenon. The phenomenon was analyzed by two radiologists in consensus with regard to frequency, location, percentage stenosis, and angle between the axis of the vessel with pseudostenosis and the axis of rotational angiography. The phenomenon's effect on aneurysm evaluation was also analyzed. For assessing the physical properties of the phenomenon, a phantom study was performed with different lengths of tubing and different angles to the axis of rotational angiography. RESULTS The pseudostenosis was observed at 23 (34%) of 68 3D digital angiographic examinations and in 53 (5%) of 1161 segments. The percentage stenosis ranged from 3% to 85% (mean, 18% +/- 16.2 [standard deviation]). The arterial segments with pseudostenosis included 15 (25%) of 61 C6 segments, 10 (16%) of 61 M1 segments, and six (10%) of 60 A1 segments. Angles between the two axes ranged from 86 degrees to 93 degrees (mean angle, 90 degrees +/- 1.6). Pseudostenosis affected delineation of the shape and size of two middle cerebral artery aneurysms. At phantom analysis, the phenomenon was most obvious at an angle of 90 degrees and with the longest phantom. CONCLUSION The pseudostenosis phenomenon on volume-rendered 3D digital angiograms was relatively frequently observed in some segments of the intracranial arteries and affected the delineation of middle cerebral artery aneurysms. This phenomenon was associated with the angle to the axis of rotational angiography and the length of the vessel.
Latino families report lower child injury rates than white families

Latino children have lower visit rates to emergency departments and primary care physicians than white children in the USA. Using a nationally representative household survey, this study asked whether parental report of injury was also lower for Latino children, after adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, health status and health care access factors. Data were obtained on injuries for which medical advice or treatment was received from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) from 1997 to 2003. Using the multistage probability design of NHIS, annual rates and adjusted odds of childhood injury report by race and ethnicity were calculated. Respondents reported lower rates of injury for Latino children (6.0 (95% CI 5.3–6.8)/100 person-years) than white children (13.4 (12.7–14.2)/100 person-years). Lower injury rates were mainly due to lower rates of sports injuries and accidental falls. Latino children had lower odds of reported injury than white children, even after adjusting for multiple factors (odds ratio 0.7; 95% CI 0.6–0.8). Lower odds of injury report among Latino children are independent of direct measures of demographic, socioeconomic, health status and health care access factors and indirect measures of acculturation including respondent language and country of origin. Potential explanations include lower exposure to risk, greater child supervision, reporting bias, differences in cultural attitudes toward seeking of health care and reduced health care access that cannot be explored in NHIS due to the form of the current questions. Further research is needed to investigate cultural differences in risk exposure, child supervision and seeking of injury care.
Inferences on population history of a seed chalcid wasp: invasion success despite a severe founder effect from an unexpected source population

Most invasive species established in Europe originate from either Asia or North America, but little is currently known about the potential of the Anatolian Peninsula (Asia Minor) and/or the Near East to constitute invasion sources. Mediterranean forests are generally fragile ecosystems that can be threatened by invasive organisms coming from different regions of the Mediterranean Basin, but for which historical data are difficult to gather and the phylogeographic patterns are still poorly understood for most terrestrial organisms. In this study, we characterized the genetic structure of Megastigmus schimitscheki, an invasive seed‐feeding insect species originating from the Near East, and elucidated its invasion route in South‐eastern France in the mid 1990s. To disentangle the evolutionary history of this introduction, we gathered samples from the main native regions (Taurus Mountains in Turkey, Lebanon and Cyprus) and from the invaded region that we genotyped using five microsatellite markers and for which we sequenced the mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I gene. We applied a set of population genetic statistics and methods, including approximate Bayesian computation. We proposed a detailed phylogeographic pattern for the Near East populations, and we unambiguously showed that the French invasive populations originated from Cyprus, although the available historical data strongly suggested that Turkey could be the most plausible source area. Interestingly, we could show that the introduced populations were founded from an extremely restricted number of individuals that realized a host switch from Cedrus brevifolia to C. atlantica. Evolutionary hypotheses are discussed to account for this unlikely scenario.
Vitamin D in the Healthy European Paediatric Population

ABSTRACT In recent years, reports suggesting a resurgence of vitamin D deficiency in the Western world, combined with various proposed health benefits for vitamin D supplementation, have resulted in increased interest from health care professionals, the media, and the public. The aim of this position paper is to summarise the published data on vitamin D intake and prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the healthy European paediatric population, to discuss the health benefits of vitamin D and to provide recommendations for the prevention of vitamin D deficiency in this population. Vitamin D plays a key role in calcium and phosphate metabolism and is essential for bone health. There is insufficient evidence from interventional studies to support vitamin D supplementation for other health benefits in infants, children, and adolescents. The pragmatic use of a serum concentration >50 nmol/L to indicate sufficiency and a serum concentration <25 nmol/L to indicate severe deficiency is recommended. Vitamin D deficiency occurs commonly among healthy European infants, children, and adolescents, especially in certain risk groups, including breast-fed infants, not adhering to the present recommendation for vitamin D supplementation, children and adolescents with dark skin living in northern countries, children and adolescents without adequate sun exposure, and obese children. Infants should receive an oral supplementation of 400 IU/day of vitamin D. The implementation should be promoted and supervised by paediatricians and other health care professionals. Healthy children and adolescents should be encouraged to follow a healthy lifestyle associated with a normal body mass index, including a varied diet with vitamin D–containing foods (fish, eggs, dairy products) and adequate outdoor activities with associated sun exposure. For children in risk groups identified above, an oral supplementation of vitamin D must be considered beyond 1 year of age. National authorities should adopt policies aimed at improving vitamin D status using measures such as dietary recommendations, food fortification, vitamin D supplementation, and judicious sun exposure, depending on local circumstances.
Heterogeneous Firms, Wages, and the Effects of Financial Crises

The Great Recession manifested itself mostly as a decline in hours and employment in the US, but a decline in Total Factor Productivity in the UK. Why did these two economies experience the crisis differently? I argue that a third fact, that real wages fell further during the crisis in the UK, may provide an explanation. I show that how a financial crisis manifests in the real economy in standard heterogeneous firm models depends crucially on assumptions on wage adjustment, and use this result to explain the divergent experiences of the two countries during the recent financial crisis. Theoretically, while a decline in wages protects the labour market, I show that, in the presence of financial frictions, it also causes a fall in TFP by misallocating resources across firms. Financially unconstrained firms are able to take greater advantage of a decline in wages than constrained firms, leading to a relative reallocation of resources towards the unconstrained, which I show must always reduce TFP in my model. On the other hand, if wages are fully rigid, I show that a financial crisis will have no effect on TFP. Quantitatively, the model is able to explain the greater fall in hours during the crisis in the US, the lack of a significant fall in TFP in the US, and 1/3 of the UK's TFP decline, or "productivity puzzle".
Parent Participation in the Initial Placement/IEP Conference Ten Years After Mandated Involvement

This study investigated parents' participation in and perceptions of the conference on initial placement and the Individual Education Plan (IEP) and their knowledge regarding the decisions made during the conference. Twenty-six conferences were observed for children referred for possible learning disabilities. Observational data included the time parents spent asking questions, commenting, and responding to other team members. The number of parental questions and responses was also recorded. Immediately following the conference, parents participated in a structured interview. Observational data suggest that the majority of parents asked few questions and responded little during the conferences. However, interview data indicated that for the most part parents were satisfied with the conferences and had no further questions. Results are discussed relative to the intent of P.L. 94-142 and research on the IEP conference that was conducted soon after enactment of the law. A retrospective look at the law that mandated parent involvement and implications for future policy are presented.
Ras/PKA signal transduction pathway participates in the regulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell apoptosis in an acidic environment

The acidification of the medium is observed during yeast cell growth. This process contributes to the emission of organic acids, mainly acetic acid. Acetic acid is known as the inducer of apoptosis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, we showed that hydrochloric acid can also induce apoptosis in yeast cells, and the apoptotic phenotype triggered by treating yeast cells with hydrochloric acid is modulated by the Ras/PKA pathway. The Ras/PKA pathway is highly conserved between all eukaryotic organisms, as well as cell processes that are related to apoptosis and aging. In this research, we demonstrated that the activation of the Ras/PKA pathway by insertion of Ras2Val19 allele or deletion of PDE2 gene increases cell death, displaying the markers of apoptosis in an acidic environment. Downregulation of the pathway by deletion of RAS2, RAS1, PDE1, and insertion of the Ha‐ras gene increases the cell viability and diminishes cell death with the apoptotic phenotypes. The deletion of PDE1 gene and double deletion of both phosphodiesterase genes prevent the induction of apoptosis in the cells. Modulations in the Ras/PKA pathway affect cell viability and apoptosis during natural gradual acidification of the medium as well as in acid stress conditions.
Hand strength: the influence of grip span and grip type.

The maximal force from each of the fingers II-V (FF) and the resultant force between the jaws of the tool (RF), due to contribution from all fingers, were measured using a pair of modified pairs. The RF was measured at 21 handle separations and the FF was measured at seven handle separations for each finger. A traditional grip type was compared with a 'reversed' grip where the little finger was closest to the head of the tool. Sixteen subjects (8 females and 8 males) participated in the study. Both the RF and FF varied according to the distance between the handles. For both grip types, the highest RF was obtained at a handle separation of 50-60 mm for females and 55-65 mm for males. For wide handle separations, the RF was reduced by 10% (cm increase in handle separation). The force-producing ability of the hand was influenced by the grip type and the highest RF was obtained when using the traditional grip. An interaction was found between the fingers, i.e., the maximal force of one finger depended not only on its own grip span, but also on the grip spans of the other fingers. About 35% of the sex difference in hand strength was due to hand size differences.
THE HUMAN ULTRAVIOLET ACTION SPECTRUM*

&NA; A 5,000‐watt xenon‐mercury high pressure lamp was used to produce a continuous ultraviolet spectrum for the human eye. Instrumentation, calibration and experimental procedures are described. A total of 39 human eyes were exposed at eleven different 10 nm wavebands in the 220 to 310 nm wavelength range. Human data were compared to rabbit and primate data.
Endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy with and without stenting.

COMMENT ON Mohamad SH, Khan I, Shakeel M, Nandapalan V. Long-term results of endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy with and without stenting. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2013; 95: 196–199 doi 10.1308/003588413X13511609957939 We read the above article with interest as we conducted a study 1 and a Cochrane review on the same topic. There were aspects in the paper that are unclear and leave us rather puzzled. The authors state that all the cases were performed by the same surgeon but they did not state how the surgeon decided that stents were needed in a particular case and whether these stents were taken out or left in permanently? Furthermore, the authors state that the group of patients without stents had a greater subjective success rate than those with stents but have given no logical explanation as to why the group of patients without stents had a significantly better outcome. This finding is in stark contrast to other studies including randomised controlled trials on the subject that reported no significant differences in outcomes between the two groups or even a slightly better outcome in the patients with stents. 2,3 We wonder whether the stents inserted were removed prematurely, which would account for a higher rate of rhinostomy closure. The authors also state that the postsaccal blockage was assessed by sac washout, probing and dacrocystography. While dacrocystography reliably shows morphologic characteristics of the nasolacrimal system, revealing congenital or acquired stenosis, in our experience, it gives no additional information in management of patients undergoing dacryocystorhinostomy. Moreover, delivery of ionising radiation occurs with this technique; the absorbed dose to the lens has been calculated as 0.04–0.2mSv for dacryocystography. 4 Statistically, the study is underpowered (n=128). The overall success rate was 82% objectively. On that basis, at the p=0.05 level, taking 5% as an effective clinical difference (using a beta of 50%), a sample size of 160 would be needed to show a clinically worthwhile difference between two treatments. 5 We therefore believe the conclusion the authors draw from their study is based on unreliable data.
Perturbative theory of the electro-optic response of second-harmonic generation membrane potential sensors

Second-harmonic generation microscopy is a promising tool for the visualization of biological membrane potentials with push-pull chromophores. We describe a response mechanism based on the electric field modulation of chromophore first hyperpolarizabilities. Our model approximates the chromophores as two level systems that incur charge shifts upon optical excitation.
Influence of age and housing systems on properties of tibia and humerus of Lohmann White hens1: Bone properties of laying hens in commercial housing systems

&NA; This study was aimed at analyzing bone properties of Lohmann White hens in different commercial housing systems at various points throughout production. Pullets reared in conventional cages (CC) were either continued in CC or moved to enriched colony cages (EN) at 19 weeks. Pullets reared in cage‐free aviaries (AV) were moved to AV hen houses. Bone samples were collected from 60 hens at each of 18 and 72 wk and 30 hens at 26 and 56 wk from each housing system. Left tibiae and humeri were broken under uniform bending to analyze mechanical properties. Cortical geometry was analyzed using digital calipers at the fracture site. Contralateral tibiae and humeri were used for measurement of ash percentage. AV pullets' humeri had 41% greater cortical areas, and tibiae had 19% greater cortical areas than the CC pullets (P < 0.05). Average humeri diameter was greater in AV pullets than in CC pullets (P < 0.05), whereas the tibiae outer dimensions were similar. Aviary pullet bones had greater stiffness (31 and 7% greater for tibiae and humeri, respectively) and second moment of inertia (43 and 13% greater for tibiae and humeri, respectively) than CC pullets (P < 0.05). The differences between bones of AV and CC hens persisted throughout the laying cycle. Moving CC pullets to EN resulted in decreased endosteal resorption in humeri, evident by a 7.5% greater cortical area in the EN hens (P < 0.05). Whole‐bone breaking strength did not change with age. Stiffness increased with age, while energy to failure decreased in both the tibiae and humeri. These results indicated that tibiae and humeri of laying hens become stiffer but lose toughness and become brittle with age. Furthermore, AV and EN systems can bring positive changes in mechanical and structural properties that are more pronounced in the humerus than the tibia.