Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Brightness variation distributions among main belt asteroids from sparse light curve sampling with Pan-STARRS 1

The rotational state of asteroids is controlled by various physical mechanisms including collisions, internal damping and the Yarkovsky-O'Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack (YORP) effect. We have analysed the changes in magnitude between consecutive detections of approximately 60,000 asteroids measured by the PanSTARRS 1 survey during its first 18 months of operations. We have attempted to explain the derived brightness changes physically and through the application of a simple model. We have found a tendency toward smaller magnitude variations with decreasing diameter for objects of 1 < D < 8 km. Assuming the shape distribution of objects in this size range to be independent of size and composition our model suggests a population with average axial ratios 1 : 0.85 \pm 0.13 : 0.71 \pm 0.13, with larger objects more likely to have spin axes perpendicular to the orbital plane.
Comparision of photogrammetric point clouds with BIM building elements for construction progress monitoring

For construction progress monitoring a planned stat e of the construction at a certain time (as-planed) has to be compared to the actual state (as-built). The as-planed state is derived fr om a building information model (BIM), which contains the geometry of the building and the construction schedule. In this paper we int roduce an approach for the generation of an as-buil t point cloud by photogrammetry. It is regarded that that images on a construction c annot be taken from everywhere it seems to be neces sary. Because of this we use a combination of structure from motion process togeth er with control points to create a scaled point clo ud in a consistent coordinate system. Subsequently this point cloud is used for a n as-built ‐ as-planed comparison. For that voxels of an octree are marked as occupied, free or unknown by raycasting based on th e triangulated points and the camera positions. Thi s allows to identify not existing building parts. For the verification of the existen ce of building parts a second test based on the poi nts in front and behind the as-planed model planes is performed. The proposed procedure is tested based on an inner city construction site u nder real conditions.
Neues zu Diagnostik und Therapie des idiopathischen Parkinson-Syndroms

In Deutschland leben mindestens 300000Menschen mit einem idiopathischen Parkinson-Syndrom. Aufgrund des demografischen Wandels ist mit einer stetig steigenden Zahl Betroffener zu rechnen. In diesem Beitrag werden die evidenzbasierte Diagnostik und Therapie des idiopathischen Parkinson-Syndroms dargestellt. Insbesondere soll ein Überblick über die neuen Erkenntnisse und Entwicklungen der letzten Jahre gegeben werden.
Nonequilibrium steady states in the quantum XXZ spin chain

We investigate the dynamics of a critical XXZ spin-1/2 chain prepared in an inhomogeneous initial state with different magnetizations on the left and right halves. We simulate the real-time evolution using the time-evolving block decimation (TEBD) method. We follow the front propagation by measuring the magnetization and entanglement entropy profiles, and we focus on the situation where the initial state is not fully polarized. At long times, as in the free fermion case (T. Antal et al. 1999), a large central region develops where correlations become time-independent and translation invariant. The shape and speed of the fronts is studied numerically and we evaluate the stationary current as a function of initial magnetic field and as a function of the anisotropy \Delta. We compare the results with the conductance of a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid, and with the exact free-fermion solution at \Delta=0. We also investigate the two-point correlations in the stationary region and find a good agreement with the "twisted" form obtained by J. Lancaster and A. Mitra (2010) using bosonization. Some deviations are nevertheless observed for strong currents.
Experimental Demonstration of Metamaterial-Based Phase Modulation

Phase modulation is critical due to its applicability in varied RF devices such as phased array antennas, radars to name a few. In this paper, we report experimental data on phase modulation in the X-band frequency using tunable metamaterials such as a planar design of stacked dual split ring resonators (DSRRs) of 3 mm thickness at 8.5 GHz. Modulation was brought about by switching between the open and closed states of the rings causing a net change in the effective refractive index and thereby producing a phase variation. One and two dimensional free-space scanning experiments were carried out where a phase modulation of 62 degrees was demonstrated. The measured data matched well with the numerically simulated results.
The Two Faces of Security in Hybrid Political Orders: A Framework for Analysis and Research

This paper reframes the security and development debate through fresh theoretical lenses, which view security as highly contested both in the realm of politics and in the realm of ideas. 1 For some analysts security concerns political power, including the use of organised force to establish and maintain social orders and to protect them from external and internal threats. For others it is about how individuals and communities are protected (or protect themselves) from violence, abuse of power and other existential risks. We integrate both approaches whilst placing our focus on the deep tensions between them. Combining them is especially apposite in the hybrid political orders of conflict-torn regions in the developing world – where the state and its monopoly of violence are contested and diverse state and non-state security actors coexist, collaborate or compete. We ask what security in these hybrid contexts looks like from below, that is from the perspective of “end users”, be these citizens of states, members of local communities or those who are marginalised and insecure. What are their own vernacular understandings of security, and how do these understandings link to wider conceptions of citizen and of human security? Even when security and insecurity are experienced and decided locally, they are at the same time determined nationally and globally. It is at the interfaces between local agency, state power and global order that the most politically salient and analytically challenging issues tend to arise. To analyse these interfaces we focus on three interconnecting political spaces, each characterised by their own forms of hybridity, in which security is negotiated with end-users: (i) “unsecured borderlands” where state authority is suspended or violently challenged by alternative claimants to power or providers of security, including nonstate armed groups; (ii) “contested Leviathans”, that is state security structures whose authority and capacity to deliver security are weak, disputed or compromised by special interests; and (iii) “securitised policy spaces” in which international actors collaborate to ensure peace and fulfil their responsibility to protect vulnerable end-users in unse cured regions. In making these distinctions we argue that similar analytical lenses can be turned upon international actors in securitised policy spaces as well as upon state and non-state security actors. The concluding section argues that such a reframing of the security and development debate demands not just new modes of analysis but also fresh approaches to
Sensor Enhancement Using Nanomaterials to Detect Pharmaceutical Residue: Nanointegration Using Phenol as Environmental Pollutant

Phenol is an aromatic compound, with a wide variety of uses both medical and industrial. During its production, emissions of even low amounts have been demonstrated to be toxic at submicrogram/liter levels. Phenol is also a good model compound to assess environmental impact of its emission particularly in wastewater. However, the current approach, methodologies and application described herein can also be applied to other organic environmental / pharmaceutical pollutants. Phenol has been removed from wastewater through a number of different approaches and monitored using spectroscopy and chromatography. In the field the most common method is detection through electrochemical or colorimetric sensors, which are described in this study.
A New Analytical Model to Compute a Packet Transmission Probability for IEEE 802 . 11

The most popular international protocol for media access control in wireless local area networks is IEEE 802.11. Therefore, modeling and performance analysis of the media access control layer are extremely beneficial. These help a researcher in discovering the inherent cause of many problems, and may even suggest possible solutions. However, a lot of research work does not consider the main difference between the busy probability and the collision probability in analytical mathematical models. Some consider both probabilities to be the same while others ignore the busy probability and consider only the collision probability, which is not a justified assumption. This paper proposes a new simple mathematical analytical model to compute a packet transmission probability for IEEE 802.11 DCF. We enhance the Bianchi's model by adding a new state to represent the busy probability in the mathematical model, which helps to achieve the most accurate performance evaluation of IEEE 802.11 DCF so far.
APPLICATIONS OF SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS IN SPACE ENGINEERING: PAST AND FUTURE

In this paper the over-thirty-years history of space applications of shape memory alloys (SMA) is summarized. Our experience is illustrated by detailed examples, such as the first launch of TiNi to an Earth orbit in 1982, when thermomechanical pipe couplings on the orbital station Salyut-7 were tested for their hermetic durability; the use of TiNi wire actuators to deploy two ring-shaped constructions of 20m in diameter on the spacecraft Progress-40 in 1989; assembling a large truss Sofora using special thermomechanical couplings with TiNi sleeves in 1991, and others. In conclusion the future of shape memory alloys in space engineering is considered, that is believed to be singleand multiplex-action drives, various kinds of thermomechanical couplings, thermosensors, intelligent composites, devices for active damping of vibrations of large structures, micromechanisms.
From science to practice: Bringing innovations to agronomy and forestry

The challenge of the work presented here is to make innovative research output in the agronomy and forestry domain accessible to end-users, so that it can be practically applied. We have developed an approach that consists of three key-elements: an ontology with domain knowledge, a set of documents that have been annotated and meta-annotated, and a system (ask-Valerie) that is based on a dialogue to represent the interaction between end user and system. We show that the dialogue-metaphor is a good way of modelling the interaction between user and system. The system helps the user in formulating his question and in answering it in a useful way. Meta-annotations of key-paragraphs in the document-base turn out to be relevant in assessing in one glance what the content of a document is. End-users are very enthusiastic about the possibilities that ask-Valerie offers them in translating scientific results to their own situation.
Presynaptic mechanisms at prefrontal synapses involved in persistent pain

The cumulative evidence from animal and human studies revealed that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays essential roles in pain sensation and persistent pain. It has been evident in the ACC synapses of animals that changes in both the presynaptic and postsynaptic function are caused by peripheral nerve injury. Thus far, postsynaptic changes in the ACC following nerve injury have been primarily studied to understand the mechanisms of chronic pain. In recent years, studies focusing on the presynaptic mechanisms in chronic pain have been progressively increased. In this review, I will discuss molecular mechanisms associated with chronic pain and presynaptic form of long-term potentiation. I will also discuss evidence for presynaptic changes in the ACC caused by disease-related pain.
Total polyphenol and main flavonoid antioxidants in different onion (Allium cepa L.) varieties

Polyphenolic antioxidant compounds were studied in three onion varieties (red - cv. Karmen, yellow - cv. Vsetana and white - cv. Ala) regarding their total content and qualitative composition of flavonoid complex. The effects of temperature and storage period during onion storage were also studied. The total content of polyphenols was estimated spectrophotometrically with Folin-Ciocalteau's phenolic reagent and individual flavonoid components by HPLC method using Waters TM chromatograph on Watrex 250 × 4 mm Sepharon SGX C18 7μm column with gradient elution. The highest amount of polyphenolic compounds was found in red variety Karmen (108,300 mg/kg DM), the lowest amount in white variety Ala (26,445 mg/kg DM) while the yellow variety Vsetana had average content of total polyphenolic compounds 65,210 mg/kg DM. An increase in total polyphenols during storage was found in red and yellow varieties, esp. during storage at a laboratory temperature (22°C). Among the flavonoid and polyphenolic compounds as major constituents spiraeoside (quercetin-4´-O-β-D-glucoside), rutin and quercetin and three other not identified compounds were found. Significant varietal differences were found. The compound with the highest content was spiraeoside (32,234 mg/kg DM in red cv. Karmen, 23,283 mg/kg DM in yellow cv. Vsetana and 265 mg/kg DM in white cv. Ala). Rutin ranged from 15 mg/kg DM in cv. Ala to 157 mg/kg DM in cv. Karmen and similarly quercetin from 1 mg/kg DM in cv. Ala to 163 mg/kg DM in cv. Karmen. During storage an increase in flavonoids could be observed, esp. at a laboratory temperature compared to storage at a lower temperature.
Approximate dynamic programming algorithms for multidimensional flexible production-inventory problems

An important issue in the manufacturing and supply chain literature concerns the optimisation of inventory decisions. Single-product inventory problems are widely studied and have been optimally solved under a variety of assumptions and settings. However, as systems become more complex, inventory decisions become more complicated for which the methods/approaches for optimising single inventory systems are incapable of deriving optimal policies. Manufacturing process flexibility provides an example of such a complex application area. Decisions involving the interrelated product inventories and production facilities form a highly multidimensional, non-decomposable system for which optimal policies cannot be readily obtained. We propose the methodology of approximate dynamic programming (ADP) to overcome the computational challenge imposed by this multidimensionality. Incorporating a sample backup simulation approach, ADP develops policies by utilising only a fraction of the computations required by classical dynamic programming. However, there are few studies in the literature that optimise production decisions in a stochastic, multi-factory, multi-product inventory system of this complexity. This paper aims to explore the feasibility and relevancy of ADP algorithms for this application. We present the results from numerical experiments that establish the strong performance of policies developed via temporal difference ADP algorithms in comparison to optimal policies and to policies derived from a deterministic approximation of the problem.
Agency and Relationship Dissatisfaction Associated with Orthorexia Symptomatology

This study explored whether orthorexia symptomatology is linked to gender-related personality traits and to levels of satisfaction in one’s romantic relationships. Undergraduate students (418 women, 98 men) completed an online survey with measures to assess orthorexia symptomatology, agency, unmitigated agency, communion, unmitigated communion, and relationship satisfaction. Orthorexia symptomatology was positively correlated with levels of agency (r = 0.18; p p = 0.51), communion (p = 0.76), unmitigated communion (p = 0.17), and relationship status (p = 0.99). Among the participants who were in a committed relationship, symptomatology was negatively correlated with relationship satisfaction (p = 0.01), and this correlation was most pronounced for those with higher levels of unmitigated agency (p = 0.01). Orthorexia is associated with the agency personality trait, indicative of one’s need to be independent and to achieve personal accomplishments. However, particularly for those individuals whose agency becomes unmitigated, characterized by selfishness and avoidance of others, orthorexia symptomatology predicts significant dissatisfaction in romantic relationships.
The Stefan problem in several space variables

Introduction. The Stefan problem is a free boundary problem for parabolic equations. The solution is required to satisfy the usual initial-boundary conditions, but a part of the boundary is free. Naturally, an additional condition is imposed at the free boundary. A two-phase problem is such that on both sides of the free boundary there are given parabolic equations and initial-boundary conditions, and neither of the solutions is identically constant. In case the space-dimension is one, there are numerous results concerning existence, uniqueness, stability, and asymptotic behavior of the solution; we refer to [1] and the literature quoted there (see also [8]). In the case of several space variables the problem is much harder. The difficulty is not merely due to mathematical shortcomings but also to complications in the physical situation. Thus, even if the data are very smooth the solution need not be smooth, in general. For example, when a body of ice having the shape
EFSA AHAW Panel (EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare), 2014. Scientific Opinion on porcine epidemic diarrhoea and emerging pig deltacoronavirus

In the last decade, many porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) outbreaks have been reported by several countries in Asia whereas only a few Member States of the European Union (EU) have reported PED clinical cases and/or PED virus (PEDV)-seropositive animals. This alphacoronavirus was first reported in the USA in May 2013, followed by rapid spread throughout the country and outbreaks reported by several countries in the Americas. The recent PEDV-EU isolates have high level of sequence identity to PEDV-Am isolates. Based on nucleotide sequencing, multiple variants of PEDV are circulating in Europe, the Americas and Asia but any difference in virulence and antigenicity is currently unknown. Serological cross-reactivity has been reported between PEDV isolated in Europe and in the Americas; however no data regarding cross-protection are available. The impact of different PEDV strains is difficult to compare between one country and another, since impact is dependent not only on pathogenicity but also on factors such as biosecurity, farm management, sanitary status or herd immune status. However, the clinical signs of PEDV infections in naive pigs are similar in different countries with mortalities up to 100% in naive newborn piglets. The impact of recently reported PED outbreaks in Asia and the USA seems to be more severe than what has been described in Europe. Infected animals, faeces, feed and objects contaminated with faeces are matrices that have been reported to transmit PEDV between farms. Infectious PEDV has been detected in spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) in one study but the origin of the infectious PEDV in SDPP is not clear. Detection of porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) has been reported in a few countries but only limited testing has been done. Based on the currently available information, it seems that PDCoV would have a lower impact than PEDV. © European Food Safety Authority, 2014
Indirect impacts of coastal climate change and sea-level rise: the UK example

Owing to globalization, the potential impacts of climate change/sea-level rise in one country/region are likely to affect and be felt elsewhere. Such indirect impacts could be significant but have received a limited analysis. This deficiency is addressed here using the indirect impacts on coastal infrastructure for the UK as an example. National opportunities and threats are identified. Potential indirect national threats include disruption of supply chains, security threats due to forced migration, a decline in national prestige, and impacts on the finance and insurance industries. Potential opportunities include export of world-leading coastal hazard and management expertise, and benefits to national prestige conferred by a strong response to climate change. Such opportunities and threats depend on several distinct dimensions of change, especially the magnitude of climate and socio-economic change, and the success/failure of appropriate responses. Promoting adaptation and climate mitigation is important to exploit the opportunities and address the threats. Adaptation should deal with more than the effects of climate change and link to the wider development agenda. These lessons are transferable to other developed countries and, indeed, many of the actions will be strengthened by collective action. Policy relevance National-level measures to address these indirect impacts will make a positive contribution to the global effort in addressing climate change (e.g. supporting emissions reductions). Countries should include the indirect effects of climate change in national assessments so that the national context and useful responses can be identified. Cooperation between nations is also important; countries must act together to more effectively address the direct and indirect effects of climate change (e.g. promoting a widespread adaptation response). International initiatives (such as the Belmont Forum initiative on Coastal Vulnerability) should be promoted and global environmental change research shared (e.g. within multilateral institutions).
The Estimation of the Frequency of a Complex Exponential In Additive Gaussian Noise

A new algorithm for the precise estimation of the frequency of a complex exponential signal in additive, complex, white Gaussian noise is presented. The algorithm has low computational complexity and is well suited for nu- merous real time applications. The DFT based algorithm performs an initial coarse frequency estimation using the peak search of an N point complex Fast Fourier Transform. The algorithm forms a frequency estimate using a functional mapping from two modified DFT coefficients which are one half DFT frequency bin below and above largest magnitude FFT coefficient. Recursion is used to provide frequencies of the modified DFT coefficients which minimize the variance of the frequency estimation error. For large N and large signal to noise ratio, the frequency estimation error vari- ance obtained is 0.063 dB above the Cramer-Rao Bound. This excellent performance is achieved with low computa- tional complexity. The algorithm provides exact frequency determination in the noiseless case. K eywor'lls- Fast Fourier Transform, Discrete Fourier Transform, frequency estimation, frequency tracking, exact frequency determination.