Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In Situ Determination of Gravimetric and Volumetric Charge Densities of Battery Electrodes Polyaniline in Aqueous and Nonaqueous Electrolytes

Polyaniline (PANI) electrodes with redox capacities >1 C/cm2 were investigated by in situ electrogravimetry in aqueous electrolytes of pH values varying from <0 to 3 and in nonaqueous, propylene carbonate‐based media. Film mass, volume, and bulk density were determined in situ as a function of electrode potential. For aqueous electrolytes, the gravimetric analysis supports a charge‐transfer mechanism which depends on pH and involves the exchange of protons, electrolyte anions, and . Protonation equilibria of reduced PANI were monitored gravimetrically in aqueous , , and. In nonaqueous electrolytes, however, the main charge‐compensating process appears to be reversible insertion of anions. For carbonate solutions, it was shown that up to 0.9 electrons can be transferred per aniline unit, resulting in experimental charge densities of 270 Ah/kg, based on dried reduced PANI. Upon immersion and cycling in nonaqueous electrolytes, the practically usable charge density was lowered to 160 Ah/kg due to sorption of solvent and incomplete oxidation. Based on in situ gravimetry, a detailed analysis of mass and volume requirements for electroactive material and electrolyte in rechargeable PANI batteries (e.g., Li/PANI) was derived.
NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitors in Cardiovascular Diseases

Virtually all types of cardiovascular diseases are associated with pathological activation of the innate immune system. The NACHT, leucine-rich repeat (LRR), and pyrin domain (PYD)-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a protein complex that functions as a platform for rapid induction of the inflammatory response to infection or sterile injury. NLRP3 is an intracellular sensor that is sensitive to danger signals, such as ischemia and extracellular or intracellular alarmins during tissue injury. The NLRP3 inflammasome is regulated by the presence of damage-associated molecular patterns and initiates or amplifies inflammatory response through the production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and/or IL-18. NLRP3 activation regulates cell survival through the activity of caspase-1 and gasdermin-D. The development of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors has opened the possibility to targeting the deleterious effects of NLRP3. Here, we examine the scientific evidence supporting a role for NLRP3 and the effects of inhibitors in cardiovascular diseases.
Croissance de nanofils III-V par épitaxie par jets moléculaires

Ce travail a pour objectif la fabrication, en epitaxie par jets moleculaires, de nanofils coeurcoquillea base de GaAs et AlGaAs deposes sur des substrats Si(111), en vue de realiser desreseaux de fils pour de nouvelles cellules solaires, et pour des fils photoniques permettant uneapproche bottom-up d’emetteurs de photons uniques.La premiere partie de ce travail est une etude systematique des parametres cles qui controlent lacroissance uni-dimensionnelle de fils GaAs elabores par un mecanisme vapeur-liquide-solideauto-catalyse, a savoir le rapport des flux As/Ga, la temperature du substrat, et la vitesse decroissance.La seconde partie se concentre sur la croissance et la caracterisation de fils GaAs recouvertsd’une coquille d’alliages AlGaAs (35% Al) afin de s’affranchir des recombinaisons de surface.Ces coquillesde AlGaAs sont fabriquees en conditions riche-As (rapport As/Ga > 10) afin deconsommer les gouttes de catalyseur gallium et de promouvoir une croissance radiale (le taux decroissance maximal axial/radial est egal a 6). Diverses caracterisations optiques sont realisees abasse temperature sur ces ensembles de fils : cathodoluminescence, photoluminescence etspectroscopie resolue en temps. L’intensite de luminescence et la duree de vie des porteursaugmentent fortement avec la presence de la coquille : une epaisseur de 7 nm de cette derniereest suffisante pour optimiser la passivation des nanofils et supprimer les recombinaisons lieesaux etats de surface. Une fine couche exterieure de GaAs est necessaire pour eviter touteoxydation de la coquille d’alliage AlGaAs.De plus, grâce a des mesures de CL resolues spatialement, les longueurs de diffusion desexcitons dans ces fils ont ete obtenues, allant de 0.7 μm a 1.5 μm pour des epaisseurs decoquilles comprises entre 20 et 50 nm. Des valeurs plus petites sont mesurees pour des coquillesplus epaisses, ce qui tend a montrer l’introduction de defauts dans l’alliage qui pourraientlimiter la qualite de l’interface. Le decalage en energie de l’emission fournit des informationssur la generation de contraintes dans ces fils coeur-coquille et sur le champ piezo-electrique quien decoule.
Rheology of homogeneous block copolymers near the microphase separation transition

Mode coupling and fluctuation effects on the low frequency linear viscoelastic properties of homogeneous diblock copolymers are investigated. Attention is restricted to temperatures near, but not below the microphase separation transition (MST), where a homogeneous block copolymer melt first transforms to a spatially periodic, compositionally inhomogeneous morphology. We find that long‐wavelength transverse momentum fluctuations couple only weakly to compositional order parameter fluctuations; the latter are predominantly on the scale of the radius of gyration. Crossover expressions are obtained for the renormalized transport and viscometric coefficients. The fluctuation contributions to these various coefficients are smaller than originally predicted at the MST, a consequence of refined calculations showing the MST to be a weakly first order phase transition.
Alterations in serum electrolyte levels after dimethoate exposure and recovery in the freshwater air-breathing catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch)

Dimethoate, a moderately toxic insecticide, has a wide range of agricultural and domestic applications. Like other organophosphates, dimethoate has anticholinesterase activity. Fish are non-target organisms, inadvertently exposed to pesticides and their metabolic products. The present study includes short-term (96 h) and long-term (36 d) effects of dimethoate exposure on some serum electrolytes Ca2+, Mg2+, and Pi in the freshwater air-breathing catfish Heteropneustes fossilis. The concentration of dimethoate for short-term exposure was 2.24 mg L−1 (75% of 96 h LC50) and for long-term exposure 0.75 mg L−1 (25% of 96 h LC50). The study includes the recovery pattern in serum electrolytes after placing the fish in pesticide-free water. Fish show hypocalcemia, hypermagnesemia, and hyperphosphatemia after short-term and long-term exposure to dimethoate. When placed in pesticide-free water, these electrolytes exhibit recovery towards normalization, indicating significant (p < 0.05) recovery.
Measurement of gas‐liquid mass transfer coefficients for volatile organic compounds in sewers

Field experiments were completed to determine gas-liquid mass transfer coefficients for VOCs in sewers characterized by uniform flow conditions. Both deuterated chloroform and 1,1,1-trichloroethane were used as surrogate volatile tracers during four experiments in two operating sanitary sewers. Experimental mass transfer coefficients were in good agreement with those predicted using a diffusivity-adjusted oxygen transfer model. The experimental methodology provides a protocol for future studies of VOC mass transfer in municipal and on-site industrial sewers.
Edge dislocation core structure and the peierls barrier in body‐centered cubic iron

The core structure and Peierls barrier for an edge dislocation lying in the {110} plane with Burgers vector along 〈111〉 in body-centered cubic iron were investigated numerically with the aid of a high speed computer using an anharmonic potential. The core radius is about 5 A and the corresponding core energy is 2.7 eV per identity distance along the dislocation line (six atom planes). The Peierls barrier is about 0.03 eV and the Peierls stress for dislocation motion at absolute zero is computed to be 5.36 × 109 dyn/cm2 or 0.0066 of the shear modulus. Die Kernstruktur und Peierls-Barriere fur eine Stufenversetzung in der {110}-Ebene mit dem Burgersvektor in 〈111〉-Richtung in kubisch raumzentriertem Eisen wird mit einem elektronischen Rechenautomaten untersucht, wobei ein anharmonisches Potential benutzt wird. Der Kernradius betragt ungefahr 5 A und die entsprechende Kernenergie 2,7 eV pro Identitatsabstand langs der Versetzungslinie (sechs Atomebenen). Die Peierls-Barriere ist ungefahr 0,03 eV und die Peierls-Spannung fur Versetzungsbewegung beim absoluten Nullpunkt wird zu 5,36 × 109 dyn/cm2 oder 0,0066 des Schubmoduls berechnet.
A Study of Proximity Sounding Derived Parameters Associated with Significant Severe Weather

This study focuses on the sensitivity of significant severe weather climatology to proximity criteria. Six independent definitions of proximity are used. These criteria are then used to develop a climatology of several sounding derived parameters for significant wind, hail, and tornado cases. Geographical and significant severe type comparisons are made. One of the major findings is that little variance occurs in distributions of the parameters studied over the range of proximity criteria considered, namely, from 40 km and 30 min to 185 km and 3 h. Therefore, criteria on the upper end of this range can be confidently applied to significant severe storm climatologies in order to maximize sample size. Substantial differences between the climatological significant severe thunderstorm environment in the High Plains and that of other regions of the country are noted. However, significant tornado cases in all the regions studied are found to be associated with higher values of wind shear between the surface and 1 km, and lower mean layer LCL heights. The climatology compiled in this study describes mean significant severe weather environments for eight regions of the United States.
EEG Biofeedback and Brain Computer Interface in Games

This work proposes a complete structure of an EEG biofeedback platform focused on an efficient way for its users to learn how to self-regulate their cortical activity and use it as an input for Brain-Computer interfaces. This platform was tested in 20 subjects that underwent 20 short sessions of training. Although the main focus of this study was to understand the positive effect this training has in short term memory and how EEG self-regulation can be achieved, in this work we analyze the results in the perspective of a Brain-Computer interface training tool. Therefore, besides introducing our protocol, we present the mental strategies subjects used to control their EEG, their improvements along training sessions and the delays related to this kind of interface. The positive results obtained by this training, along with the time delays necessary to voluntarily produce changes in the EEG made us consider the usefulness of this ability as input for a videogame. We briefly discuss how it is being used and why it may not be challenging or interesting for gamers and propose different uses of this additional mean of gameplay.
) Trusting Smart Speakers: Understanding the Different Levels of Trust between Technologies. International

The growing usage of smart speakers raises many privacy and trust concerns compared to other technologies such as smart phones and computers. In this study, a proxy measure of trust is used to gauge users’ opinions on three different technologies based on an empirical study, and to understand which technology most people are most likely to trust. The collected data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis H test to determine the statistical differences between the users’ trust level of the three technologies: smart speaker, computer and smart phone. The findings of the study revealed that despite the wide acceptance, ease of use and reputation of smart speakers, people find it difficult to trust smart speakers with their sensitive information via the Direct Voice Input (DVI) and would prefer to use a keyboard or touchscreen offered by computers and smart phones. Findings from this study can inform future work on users’ trust in technology based on perceived ease of use, reputation, perceived credibility and risk of using technologies via DVI.
Vers l’identification d’inhibiteurs de croissance pour la synthèse de cristaux de zéolithes de taille nanométrique

Les zeolithes sont largement utilisees en catalyse. Un enjeu majeur est d'obtenir des cristaux nanometriques qui offrent des perspectives prometteuses dans la conception de catalyseurs acides plus actifs et plus selectifs, notamment pour les procedes de conversion des coupes lourdes petrolieres. L'obtention de ces nano-cristaux peut resulter de l'utilisation d'inhibiteurs de croissance. Cette these s'est attachee a identifier deux familles de composes organiques limitant la croissance des cristaux. Pour la premiere, l'inhibition est envisagee par adsorption de composes organiques (polycations, acides amines.) sur la surface des cristaux en formation. Cette etude a ete realisee en suivant une methodologie d'experimentation a haut-debit et a conduit a des cristaux de zeolithe Y (FAU) de 300 nm par l'ajout de L-lysine. La seconde famille est derivee de l’approche de l’equipe de Ryoo et consiste en l’utilisation de composes bifonctionnels comportant une fonction structurante et une fonction inhibitrice de croissance. Cette etude a demarre par la synthese de zeolithe MFI. La modelisation moleculaire a permis d'identifier un mono-ammonium alkyle favorisant la formation de nanofeuillets de zeolithe ZSM-5 d'epaisseur voisine de 2 nm. L'etude cinetique a revele par ailleurs que cette zeolithe est synthetisee a partir d’un polysilicate lamellaire forme in situ. Cette strategie d'identification, couplee a une methodologie d'experimentation a haut debit, a alors ete appliquee a la synthese des zeolithes EMC-1 (FAU) et EMC-2 (EMT), et a conduit a l'elaboration de nouveaux agents structurants et composes bi-fonctionnels.
Fluctuations, stratification and stability in a liquid fluidized bed at low Reynolds number

The sedimentation dynamics of extremely low polydispersity, non-colloidal, particles are studied in a liquid fluidized bed at low Reynolds number, Re « 1. When fluidized, the system reaches a steady state, defined where the local average volume fraction does not vary in time. In the steady state, the velocity fluctuations and the particle concentrations are found to strongly depend on height in the particle column. Using our results, we test a recently developed stability model (Segre 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 254503) for steady state sedimentation. The model describes the data well, and shows that in the steady state there is a balancing of particle fluxes due to the fluctuations and the concentration gradient. Some results are also presented for the dependence of the concentration gradient in fluidized beds on particle size; the gradients become smaller as the particles become larger and fewer in number.
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy.

“Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): This therapy is based on the idea that negative thoughts, feelings and behaviours are the result of unprocessed memories. The treatment involves standardized procedures that include focusing simultaneously on (a) spontaneous associations of traumatic images, thoughts, emotions and bodily sensations and (b) bilateral stimulation that is most commonly in the form of repeated eye movements. Like CBT with a trauma focus, EMDR aims to reduce subjective distress and strengthen adaptive beliefs related to the traumatic event. Unlike CBT with a trauma focus, EMDR does not involve (a) detailed descriptions of the event, (b) direct challenging of beliefs, (c) extended exposure, or (d) homework. ” (p.1) These factors make EMDR therapy highly amenable to clients suffering shame or guilt, as well as consecutive day treatment in residential programs.
Nitriles produced by ion chemistry in the lower ionosphere of Titan

[1] Titan, the largest satellite of Saturn, possesses a dense N2-CH4 atmosphere rich in organics with a complex chemistry that could be similar to Earth's primordial atmosphere. Due to its massive atmosphere and the long distance to the Sun, cosmic rays are the main energetic source of the lower part of the atmosphere. Cosmic radiation can reach Titan's troposphere (z < 40 km) and activate the chemistry at depths where UV light and high-energy electrons cannot penetrate. The interaction of cosmic rays with the neutral constituents of Titan produces a complex ion chemistry that leads to the formation of a high variety of massive ions and organic molecules. The low temperatures and high pressures prevailing in Titan's atmosphere result in a high efficiency of three-body reactions and on the formation of ion clusters. Association of neutral molecules with HCNH+, CH3CNH+, and HC3NH+ produces ions containing the CN group, and the electron recombination of these clusters can produce a high variety of N-containing compounds. Here we propose schemes to synthesize nitrile-type molecules from the dissociative recombination ion clusters produced by cosmic rays. Our ion chemistry model can explain the existence of some of the nitriles found in laboratory studies, such as propenenitrile, propanenitrile, butanenitrile, pentanenitrile, and 10 more as well as predict the existence of new species. Experimental simulations of Titan's atmosphere yield the formation of a high number of species, which are not considered in the chemical schemes of current photochemical models.
Thyroid Carcinoma: Phenotypic Features, Underlying Biology and Potential Relevance for Targeting Therapy

Thyroid carcinoma consists a group of phenotypically heterogeneous cancers. Recent advances in biological technologies have been advancing the delineation of genetic, epigenetic, and non-genetic factors that contribute to the heterogeneities of these cancers. In this review article, we discuss new findings that are greatly improving the understanding of thyroid cancer biology and facilitating the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention. We review the phenotypic features of different subtypes of thyroid cancers and their underlying biology. We discuss recent discoveries in thyroid cancer heterogeneities and the critical mechanisms contributing to the heterogeneity with emphases on genetic and epigenetic factors, cancer stemness traits, and tumor microenvironments. We also discuss the potential relevance of the intratumor heterogeneity in understanding therapeutic resistance and how new findings in tumor biology can facilitate designing novel targeting therapies for thyroid cancer.
Effects of Nitrogen Deposition on Soil Microbial Biomass, Microbial Functional Diversity and Enzyme Activities in Fir Plantations of Subtropical China

The effects of simulated nitrogen (N) deposition on soil microbial biomass, microbial functional diversity and enzyme activities involved in C cycling (sucrase, β-glucosidase, cellulose, amylase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase) were studied in southeast Chinese fir plantation (Cunninghamialanceolata (Lamb.)). All soil parameters measured decreased with increasing soil depth. The results indicated that low N (N1) deposition could accelerate soil microbial biomass and functional diversity, but moderate or high N deposition (N2, N3) restrain them. Nitrogen additions promoted soil sucrase, β-glucosidase and cellulase activities, while inhibited soil amylase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities to some extent, suggesting that decomposition of labile and recalcitrant organic matter were promoted and restricted by extra N deposition, respectively. Changes in microbial community biomass and function under extra N deposition indicated soil ecosystems experienced functional shifts under the current or future condition of human-accelerated N supply.
α'-oxoperakensimines A-C, new bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids from Alseodaphne perakensis (Gamble) Kosterm

Three new bisbenzylisoquinolines, α'-oxoperakensimines A - C (1 -3) have been isolated from the bark of Alseodaphne perakensis (Gamble) Kosterm (Lauraceae). Their structures were elucidated by two-dimensional NMR techniques. α'-Oxoperakensimines A - C (1 - 3) showed vasorelaxant activity on rat aorta.
Influence of Temperature and Pressure on Asphaltene Flocculation

A thennodynamic liquid model has been developed to describe the behavior of asphalt and asphaltenes in reser­ voir crudes upon changes in pressure, temperature, or composition. Asphaltene solubility properties used as in­ put to the model may be obtained from titration ex­ periments on tank oil. High-pressure flocculation ex­ periments confinn the potential of the model. The model appears to be well applicable to conditions at which asphaltenes are associated with resins. The model may be used to identify field conditions where asphalt or asphaltene precipitation will occur.
Selective Hydrogenation of Ethyne in Ethene‐Rich Streams on Palladium Catalysts, Part 2: Steady‐State Kinetics and Effects of Palladium Particle Size, Carbon Monoxide, and Promoters

Developments in the last three decades of kinetics of selective hydrogenation of ethyne in ethene‐rich streams on palladium catalysts are reviewed. Most of the studies can be described comprehensively by a model that assumes carbonaceous deposits (i) create irreversibly on the palladium surface small A types of active site (selective to ethene) and large E types of active site (selective to ethane), and (ii) are involved in hydrogenation of ethene on E s sites on the support. The relative importance of these sites, with varying (i) reaction conditions, (ii) palladium dispersion, (iii) process modifiers, and (iv) promoters, is discussed.
Thermal effects of the transformation ice III–IX

The heat and entropy of the transformation ice III–IX has been measured by a differential calorimetric technique as −0.32 cal K−1 mol, compared with the value −0.805 cal K−1 mol expected if ice III were fully disordered and ice IX were fully ordered within the limitations of the ice rules. It seems likely that there is significant disorder in ice IX, as found in a recent neutron diffraction investigation.
Changes in the Microbial Composition of the Cecum and Histomorphometric Analysis of Its Epithelium in Broilers Fed with Feed Mixture Containing Fermented Rapeseed Meal

This study examined the influence of fermented rapeseed meal (FRSM) on the intestinal morphology and gut microflora of broiler chickens. Limited information is available on the effects of FRSM on the intestinal morphology and the gastrointestinal microbiome population of animals. First, 48 21-day Ross 308 broilers were placed in metabolic cages and randomly assigned to four experimental groups. Group I birds were negative controls and received no additive. Group II birds were positive controls and received a 3% addition of unfermented rapeseed meal. Group III birds received a 3% addition of rapeseed meal fermented with the Bacillus subtilis 67 bacterial strain. Group IV birds received a 3% addition of rapeseed meal fermented with the B. subtilis 87Y strain. After 23 days of experimental feeding, the contents of the birds’ ceca were collected for microorganism determination. The histomorphology of the broilers’ ceca was also determined, and beneficial changes were found in the histology of the broilers’ ceca with the additives. Moreover, these materials inhibited the growth of pathogens and significantly stimulated the growth of probiotic bacteria. These results suggest that the addition of 3% FRSM has a potential probiotic effect and can be used as a material in feed for broilers.