Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non-polyposis Colorectal Cancers in Northeastern Iran: A Familial Approach

Results:patients with CRC (48.5% male) were evaluated. The mean age at diagnosis was 55.44±14.85 years, with 91 patients (27.9%) below 45 years old. Eleven (3.4%) patients fulfilled the Amsterdam II criteria and 136 (41.7%) patients met at least one criterion of the revised Bethesda guideline. There was no difference between early- and late-onset CRC regarding the frequency of CRC in 1 st degree relatives or tumor site (p=0.73, p =0.64). However, CRC in second-degree relatives and cases suspected for HNPCC were more common in early-onset of the disease (p =0.022, p =0.024). The patients who fulfilled the Amsterdam II criteria had lower mean age and higher frequency of proximal cancer (p =0.03, p =0.048). Conclusion:As CRC is common in the young population and CRC clustering and patients suspected for HNPCC are also frequently encountered, measures should be taken to CRC screening policy and genetic studies in this area.
Re‐evaluation of guar gum (E 412) as a food additive

Abstract The Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) provides a scientific opinion re‐evaluating the safety of guar gum (E 412) as a food additive. In the EU, guar gum was evaluated by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) in 1970, 1974 and 1975, who allocated an acceptable daily intake (ADI) ‘not specified’. Guar gum has been also evaluated by the Scientific Committee for Food (SCF) in 1977 who endorsed the ADI ‘not specified’ allocated by JECFA. Following the conceptual framework for the risk assessment of certain food additives re‐evaluated under Commission Regulation (EU) No 257/2010, the Panel considered that adequate exposure and toxicity data were available. Guar gum is practically undigested, not absorbed intact, but significantly fermented by enteric bacteria in humans. No adverse effects were reported in subchronic and carcinogenicity studies at the highest dose tested; no concern with respect to the genotoxicity. Oral intake of guar gum was well tolerated in adults. The Panel concluded that there is no need for a numerical ADI for guar gum (E 412), and there is no safety concern for the general population at the refined exposure assessment of guar gum (E 412) as a food additive. The Panel considered that for uses of guar gum in foods intended for infants and young children the occurrence of abdominal discomfort should be monitored and if this effect is observed doses should be identified as a basis for further risk assessment. The Panel considered that no adequate specific studies addressing the safety of use of guar gum (E 412) in food categories 13.1. 5.1 and 13.1. 5.2 were available. Therefore, the Panel concluded that the available data do not allow an adequate assessment of the safety of guar gum (E 412) in infants and young children consuming these foods for special medical purposes.
Optimisation of the SHiP experimental design

The SHiP experiment is a proposed experiment aiming to search for new super-weakly interacting particles. The concept is based on using a very intense and high energy proton beam at the cern Super Proton Synchrotron (sps) which is delivered to the new Beam Dump Facility (bdf), where the experiment will search for New Physics (np) in a zero background environment. This thesis describes several studies for the optimisation of this concept, in order to maximise its physics potential. These include studies of a benchmark signal model to understand acceptance effects, studies of the muon induced background using both simulation and a dedicated experiment at the sps, and the optimisation of the muon shield —a crucial component of SHiP— using machine learning techniques.
Supporting the development of an essential health package: principles and initial assessment for Malawi

Many health care systems in low income settings define essential health packages (EHP) to concentrate scarce resources on key health interventions to which their populations can have free access at the point of delivery. Malawi has used EHPs since 2004 but they have generally included unaffordable interventions that have not been fully delivered. To guide decisions about the 2016 EHP in Malawi, an analytical framework is proposed that identifies interventions which, based on currently available evidence, offer the most gains in population health. The framework uses existing estimates of what the Malawian health care system is currently able to afford to generate gains in health â€“ a measure of health opportunity costs. This facilitates an initial quantification of an appropriate budget for the EHP, and of the interventions that might be included which can then be prioritised on the basis of their expected impact on population health assuming 100% implementation. In practice, lower levels of implementation will be achieved by interventions due to various constraints operating on the demand or supply side, and which apply to specific interventions or the system more generally. The framework provides an analytical basis to consider the implications for population health of these different types of constraints. It uses this as a basis of assessing how the underspend on the EHP due to the â€˜implementation gapâ€™ can be used. The framework estimates the potential impacts on health outcomes of intervention-specific implementation activities and system strengthening. These potential impacts are compared with the health outcomes offered by extending the package to include additional interventions. The analytical framework can also assess the implications for population health of the types of constraints that donors may impose on their funding schemes in health care. These constraints can include requiring that particular interventions are included in the EHP when the funding could have a bigger impact on health if spent elsewhere; offers to expand the package but restricted to particular interventions and forgoing greater health outcomes elsewhere; and offers to provide additional funding as long as these are matched by government. In negotiating with donors and communicating with relevant stakeholders, policy makers will benefit from understanding the implications for population health of such constraints.
Performance evaluation of sub‐daily ensemble precipitation forecasts

Nowadays, major advances have been made in meteorological forecasts. For instance, ensemble forecast systems have been developed to quantify prediction uncertainty. In this research, sub‐daily ensemble precipitation forecasts of five THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble (TIGGE) models from 2014 to 2018 were evaluated in 10 major basins located in north and west Iran. Furthermore, Bayesian model averaging (BMA) was used to combine five prediction models and construct a grand ensemble. The results indicate that the models had the best performance in the Karun and Western Border basins to the southwest and west, with average performance in the Sefidrood basin in the north. In terms of the prediction of precipitation depth, the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the UK Met Office (UKMO) models, and in terms of prediction of precipitation occurrence and non‐occurrence, the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) model, performed best. Overall, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) models acquired medium scores. The BMA technique greatly improved the probability forecasts, reducing uncertainties in the numerical models. Moreover, the models’ forecasts were weaker with a 6 hr lead time compared with those with 24 hr, which may be attributable to the inaccurate detection of the initiation time of precipitation by the models. In addition, the performance of the UKMO (ECMWF) models with increasing basin elevation increased (decreased), while all models better forecasted precipitation in wet years/seasons than they did in dry years/seasons. Overall, the evaluations showed that the ECMWF, UKMO and NCEP models performed well in the majority of the northern and western basins of Iran.
The precise tail behavior of the total progeny of a killed branching random walk

Consider a branching random walk on the real line with a killing barrier at zero: starting from a nonnegative point, particles reproduce and move independently, but are killed when they touch the negative half-line. The population of the killed branching random walk dies out almost surely in both critical and subcritical cases, where by subcritical case we mean that the rightmost particle of the branching random walk without killing has a negative speed, and by critical case, when this speed is zero. We investigate the total progeny of the killed branching random walk and give their precise tail distribution both in the critical and subcritical cases, which solves an open problem of Aldous [Power laws and killed branching random walks, http://www.stat.berkeley.edu/~aldous/Research/OP/brw.html].
ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME IN PREGNANCY

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a clinical syndrome of severe dyspnea of rapid onset, hypoxemia, and diffuse pulmonary infiltrates leading to respiratory failure. ARDS occurs in pregnancy and may have unique causes. Overall mortality for both the mother and the fetus is high and significant morbidity can persist even after initial recovery. ARDS is associated with obstetric causes such as amniotic fluid embolism, preeclampsia, septic abortion, and retained products of conception or non-obstetric causes that include sepsis, aspiration pneumonitis, influenza pneumonia, blood transfusions, and trauma. Here is a 24 years old female admitted with 7months of amenorrhea, who presented with respiratory failure, she was intubated and ventilated for 47days. She recovered, and a live baby was delivered. She was discharged after 73days.
Estimation of influenza activity in Vojvodina (Serbia) for five consecutive influenza seasons

Background/Aim. After pandemic 2009/10 influenza season, influenza A (H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B viruses have continued to circulate in the population. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological and virological characteristics of influenza and evaluate values of proposed case definitions of influenza like illness (ILI), severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) for detecting laboratory-confirmed influenza cases in Vojvodina. Methods. We conducted a descriptive epidemiological study using surveillance reports and laboratory data from October 2010 to May 2015 (five surveillance seasons). Results. Out of 1,466 samples collected, 720 (49.1%) were laboratory confirmed as influenza. Influenza A infection was more frequently detected than influenza B infection. Using the case definition of ILI was a good predictor for influenza confirmation (p < 0.05) during 5 influenza seasons. The predominant age-range of patients with confirmed influenza A (42.2%) and B (43.0%) infections was 30 to 64, but the patients aged from 15 to 29 years were more likely to have influenza A (p = 0.0168). In the period from December to January, influenza A (17.8%) was more frequently registered than influenza B (7.6%). The highest number of deaths (19/38) and hospitalized patients (128/402) was registered during the last influenza season (2014/15). The immunosuppressed patients with confirmed influenza infection were more likely to have influenza B than influenza A (p = 0.0110). Conclusion. Our results indicate that influenza surveillance should be continued and expanded in order to fully assess the burden of the disease in given population.
A systematic review of volleyball spike kinematics: Implications for practice and research

The volleyball spike represents one of the more sophisticated attack actions, and the study of its kinematics has been the aim of several studies. This systematic review summarized and critically appraised the literature on the volleyball spike kinematics. Studies that analysed the 3D kinematics of the volleyball player during spike movements were searched in the PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus databases. Eighteen studies met the eligibility criteria and were assessed as high (n = 7), good (n = 6) and limited quality (n = 5). There are strong indications that the spike jump height depends on the velocities of the centre of mass and that the ball speed seems to be related to velocity variables of the spike arm and the trunk of the volleyball player. Cross-court spike performance from position 4 seems to be associated with the trunk rotation of the volleyball player. In addition to the kinematic differences between the sexes, studies analysed the relationship between spike technique performance and injuries. However, further studies are required before a clear relationship can be established. These results may support sports coaches in optimizing athletic performance with adequate technique training and using kinematic cues from the opposing volleyball players to anticipate spike direction.
Strategy-making in Tech SMEs and start-ups in Ireland: theory and practice

Background: Ireland now is a place of an innovative environment that encourages and supports tech start-ups and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the market to grow, by which makes Ireland an attraction for co-founders and other foreign tech companies to come and establish their business. As a result of such a highly competitive market means high barriers for new venture creations to enter the market. Nevertheless, this did not stop new companies from growing; and this can be seen in the latest figures from the centre of statistics in Ireland. Objective: The objective of this study is to examine and explore in more detail how the strategy-making process works, and find out whether theories and methodologies in academia are helpful enough for chief executive officers (CEOs) of tech SMEs and start-ups in Ireland to make strategic decisions. This research works on filling the gap between what academia argue are useful methods to make strategies compared to what is really happening in practice with those companies. Research Method: The Primary data was obtained through four interview case studies to gather information and the grounded theory mythology was implemented for the analysis of the collected data. The sample size was four tech companies comprised of two SMEs and two start-ups. Results: It was found that SMEs enjoy a combination of organisational structure and environmental social elements that endure team collaboration, that allows for creativity, innovation and the ability to be closer to customers and react faster to change in competition in the market, where academia does not have much space in the whole process.
'Time to spread my wings' : an investigative study exploring the effects of inpatient mental health rehabilitation : what is the effect of inpatient mental health rehabilitation on an individual's functional performance and do changes impact quality of life?

This mixed methodology, 3-phase study at one NHS rehabilitation unit explores the experiences of 19 participants recruited over a 2 year period. Participants engaged in individual semi-structured interviews, and were invited to complete both the Lancashire Quality of Life Profile and the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills at admission, discharge and follow-up. Not all participants reached the point of discharge in the study period, and a few became too unwell to continue. At the point of follow-up, of the 10 remaining participants one dropped out due to work or educational commitments, three were re-admitted to hospital, and one did not come for appointments as agreed. To illustrate change over time, five participants have been brought to the fore through the use of case studies. The case studies synthesise the quantitative changes in the individual’s quality of life and functional performance with a personal narrative of their experience of their stay in the rehabilitation unit. The findings of the study are rich. Firstly, they highlight the range of losses experienced prior to rehabilitation and the importance of understanding this narrative as part of the recovery journey. Secondly, rehabilitation creates a sense of hope, but not all interactions with staff in the unit were viewed as hopeful. Hope was at its lowest when participants were not included in key decisions. Thirdly, while for some participants occupational performance and quality of life increased over time, for others it decreased. This study indicates tentative links between occupational performance and quality of life. Recommendations include enhancing client involvement in key decisions regarding rehabilitation choices, routine assessment of occupational performance levels, formally expanding rehabilitation into the community and considering grief work alongside more traditional rehabilitation interventions. Areas for further research include exploration of the links between quality of life and occupational performance levels.
Mineral composition of commonly consumed local foods in Nigeria

Virtually all biochemical processes in the body require dietary micro‐nutrients and imbalance in any of these essential of the diet have the potential to impair metabolic activities. Deficiencies of several mineral nutrients result in stunting, down‐regulated immune responsiveness and altered metabolic activities. Appropriate dietary intake of these mineral nutrients is currently recommended as part of a lifestyle intervention for the prevention of many metabolism‐related health problems including obesity, high cholesterol and insulin resistance. The present study was designed to analyse the mineral composition of local dishes that are widely consumed in Nigeria given the lack of such data. A list of local foods commonly consumed in Nigeria was generated; composite samples prepared from primary sample collected were analysed for dietary minerals using harmonized standard procedures. A set of new data on the Na, K, Ca, P, Mg, Mn, Cl, Fe, Cl and Zn contents of 25 local dishes were generated for the first time in this study. Overall, there were large variations in the mineral contents of the dishes analysed, ranging from 6.3 mg/kg (Jollof rice) to 22.2 mg/kg (Yam pottage with beans) for Fe; 5.0 mg/kg (Yam with omelette) to 21.6 mg/kg (Eba with Okro soup) for Na; 7.30 mg/kg (Pounded yam with Egusi) to 19.8 mg/kg (Vegetable soup) for Ca; and 2.2 mg/kg (Yam with omelette) to 6.99 mg/kg (Eba with Okazi soup) for Mn. These data will serve as an important resource in future national and international food composition surveys, inform clinicians, health professionals and dieticians to target provision of dietary advice towards the prevention of non‐communicable metabolic diseases due to critical mineral imbalances.
Refractive index sensing using a Si-based light source embedded in a fully integrated monolithic transceiver

This work proposes and demonstrates the concept of a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible electrophotonic monolithic refractive index sensor in which a Si-based light source is directly integrated. The device consists of an embedded light emitter, a waveguide, a sensing area to place an analyte, and a photodetector. The behavior of the system was modeled and simulated using light propagation and semiconductor simulation software. Experimental devices were fabricated using all standard CMOS materials and procedures, and the tests showed changes in detected photocurrent related to the refractive index of the material in the sensing area, demonstrating the potential of the completely Si-based CMOS-compatible electrophotonic systems in the development of fully integrated sensors.This work proposes and demonstrates the concept of a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible electrophotonic monolithic refractive index sensor in which a Si-based light source is directly integrated. The device consists of an embedded light emitter, a waveguide, a sensing area to place an analyte, and a photodetector. The behavior of the system was modeled and simulated using light propagation and semiconductor simulation software. Experimental devices were fabricated using all standard CMOS materials and procedures, and the tests showed changes in detected photocurrent related to the refractive index of the material in the sensing area, demonstrating the potential of the completely Si-based CMOS-compatible electrophotonic systems in the development of fully integrated sensors.
A giant recurrent myxoid liposarcoma of the retroperitoneal and peritoneal cavity

żą do rzadko spotykanych nowotworów złośliwych przestrzeni zaotrzewnowej. Rozwijają się zwykle u osób dorosłych, a czynniki patogenetyczne nadal nie zostały poznane. Badania molekularne wykazały specyficzne translokacje w obrębie chromosomów w przypadku tłuszczakomięsaka śluzowatego. Wzrost tego typu guzów jest powolny, rozprężający, osiągają one duże rozmiary. Podstawowe badania diagnostyczne to ultrasonografia i tomografia jamy brzusznej. Zasadniczym postępowaniem w przypadku mięsakotłuszczaków jest leczenie operacyjne polegające, o ile to możliwe, na radykalnym wycięciu zmiany guzowatej. W prezentowanym w niniejszej pracy przypadku usunięto masę guza (24,45 kg) w siedmiu fragmentach. Zajmowała ona nie tylko przestrzeń zaotrzewnową, ale i jamę brzuszną. Mimo że udało się usunąć tak olbrzymi guz, ten rodzaj zabiegu trudno jest uznać za radykalny. Dane z piśmiennictwa wskazują, że jednym z najistotniejszych czynników ryzyka nawrotu jest wielkość guza. Powyższy przypadek autorzy postanowili zaprezentować ze względu na rzadkość występowania tak olbrzymich rozmiarów guza nawrotowego o charakterze tłuszczakomięsaka śluzowatego, zlokalizowanego w przestrzeni zaotrzewnowej i jamie brzusznej, bezobjawowy przebieg choroby i nawrót po 20 latach od pierwotnego leczenia chirurgicznego.
How a slight modification of the bread-making procedure for the evaluation of wheat cultivars affects the most important properties of bread (bread volume and bread crumb)

The aim of the study was to examine how a slight modification of the standard bread-making procedure for the evaluation of wheat cultivars affects bread making properties of different quality samples, without α-amylase activity. For that purpose, two wheat cultivars of different quality (Zvezdana and NS 40S) were examined from four different localities without diastatic activity. Standard physicochemical and rheological parameters for wheat cultivars evaluation were analysed on the eight samples. Also, bread made from flour of these samples was produced according to the standard bread-making procedure for evaluation wheat cultivars and with addition of sugar and malt according to a modified procedure. The results showed that a slight modification of the standard breadmaking procedure can affect the most important properties of bread (bread volume and bread crumb quality). The average values of both parameters were statistically higher. Additionally, statistical analyses showed that bread volume of both cultivars of differing quality was statistically higher, whereas only Zvezdana had statistically higher bread crumb quality.