Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Broad RNA Interference–Mediated Antiviral Immunity and Virus-Specific Inducible Responses in Drosophila

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is a good model to unravel the molecular mechanisms of innate immunity and has led to some important discoveries about the sensing and signaling of microbial infections. The response of Drosophila to virus infections remains poorly characterized and appears to involve two facets. On the one hand, RNA interference involves the recognition and processing of dsRNA into small interfering RNAs by the host RNase Dicer-2 (Dcr-2), whereas, on the other hand, an inducible response controlled by the evolutionarily conserved JAK-STAT pathway contributes to the antiviral host defense. To clarify the contribution of the small interfering RNA and JAK-STAT pathways to the control of viral infections, we have compared the resistance of flies wild-type and mutant for Dcr-2 or the JAK kinase Hopscotch to infections by seven RNA or DNA viruses belonging to different families. Our results reveal a unique susceptibility of hop mutant flies to infection by Drosophila C virus and cricket paralysis virus, two members of the Dicistroviridae family, which contrasts with the susceptibility of Dcr-2 mutant flies to many viruses, including the DNA virus invertebrate iridescent virus 6. Genome-wide microarray analysis confirmed that different sets of genes were induced following infection by Drosophila C virus or by two unrelated RNA viruses, Flock House virus and Sindbis virus. Overall, our data reveal that RNA interference is an efficient antiviral mechanism, operating against a large range of viruses, including a DNA virus. By contrast, the antiviral contribution of the JAK-STAT pathway appears to be virus specific.
Antipsychotic medication use in nursing homes: a proposed measure of quality

The potential misuse of antipsychotic medications (APMs) is an ongoing quality concern in nursing homes (NHs), especially given recent black box warnings and other evidence regarding the risk of APMs when used in NH populations. One mechanism regulators could use is public reporting of APM use by NHs; however, there is currently no agreed‐upon measure of guideline‐inconsistent APM use. In this paper, we describe a proposed measure of quality of APM use that is based on Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Interpretive Guidelines, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) indications for APMs, and severity of behavioral symptoms.
Knowledge of cervical cancer and screening practices of nurses at a regional hospital in Tanzania.

BACKGROUND Cervical cancer, the most common cancer among women in Tanzania is strongly linked to Human Papilloma Virus. Precancerous lesions can be detected by Papanicolau smear screening. Nurses, being the largest group of health workers, have an important role in promotion of cervical cancer screening. OBJECTIVES To determine nurses' awareness of cervical cancer and their own screening practices at a hospital in Tanzania. METHODS A descriptive cross sectional study using questionnaires on 137 nurses. Data analysis was made by descriptive statistics and chi square tests. RESULTS Less than half of the nurses had adequate knowledge regarding cervical cancer. There was a significant association between knowledge levels of causes of cervical cancer and transmission of HPV and age. Knowledge was more adequate among the young nurses (p = 0.027) and knowledge differed significantly between cadres. Registered nurses had more adequate knowledge than enrolled nurses (p = 0.006). The majority did not know screening intervals and a few were aware of HPV vaccine. Most nurses (84.6%) had never had a Pap smear examination. CONCLUSION These results reflect a need for continuing medical education, creation of cervical cancer prevention policies and strategies at all levels of the health sector.
Cancer/testis antigen CT45: Analysis of mRNA and protein expression in human cancer

CT45 is a cancer/testis gene that we previously identified by massively parallel signature sequencing. Encoded by a multigene family on chromosome X, CT45 showed restricted mRNA expression to normal testis and various cancers. In this study, monoclonal antibodies were generated against recombinant CT45 protein, and CT45 protein expression in normal and tumor tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis. In adult normal tissue, CT45 expression was restricted to testicular germ cells, detected as a nuclear protein mainly at the stage of primary spermatocytes. In tumors, CT45 protein expression correlated with the mRNA levels detected by quantitative RT‐PCR, and most lung cancer and ovarian cancers with CT45 mRNA at levels >1% of testicular expression were CT45 protein‐positive. In positive cases, CT45 showed expression patterns that ranged from diffuse strong staining to heterogeneous and patchy expression. In lung cancer, CT45 expression was least frequent in adenocarcinoma, more frequent in squamous cell carcinoma and neuroendocrine tumors. Using tissue microarrays, 376 lung cancer, 219 ovarian cancer and 155 breast cancer were evaluated for CT45 protein expression. The expression frequency was highest in ovarian cancer (37%), followed by lung cancer (13%) and lowest in breast cancer (<5%). Given the focal nature of CT45 expression in many cases, these numbers represented the minimal frequency of expression in these tumor types. In summary, the expression frequency and characteristics of CT45 expression are similar to other CT cancer vaccine targets currently in clinical trials, e.g., NY‐ESO‐1 and MAGE‐A, suggesting CT45 as a potentially useful cancer target. © 2009 UICC
Línea de Transmisión de Impulsos (TLP): Correlación con los Modelos de Descarga Electrostática (ESD)

Existen varios modelos que intentan describir el dano que causa un evento de descarga electrostatica –ESD- sobre un circuito integrado –CI-. El ensayo llamado Linea de Transmision de Impulsos –TLP-, resulta en particular muy utilizado para este tipo de mediciones, por lo que necesita asimismo mantener una correlacion con los distintos modelos referenciados en diversos estandares, que amplien la validez de sus resultados, Se analiza en este trabajo la busqueda de una correlacion aproximada, mediante medicion y simulacion con PSpice para utilizar los resultados mediante TLP, prediciendo la respuesta del dispositivo bajo prueba –DUT- ante diferentes formas de onda ESD como las indicadas en los estandares.
Cine-photomicrography of low temperature effects on cytoplasmic streaming, nucleoar activity and mitosis in single tobacco cells in microculture.

A B S T R A C T Living, unstained, single tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum X N. glutinosa) cells (clone H-196) were grown in microcultures in liquid medium containing sucrose, mineral salts, coconut milk and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Time-lapse motion pictures were taken through interference and phase microscopes. The movement of cytoplasm and cell organelles gradually slowed and ultimately completely ceased as the cell was cooled by dry ice. The cessation of the movement of cell organelles took place between 5 and -7C. The typical cytoplasmic morphology was lost as the movement slowed. The cytoplasmic strands thinned out and numerous small vacuoles formed. During rewarming of the cell to room temperature, the vacuoles were replaced by numerous small globular masses of cytoplasm which reorganized into cytoplasmic strands. The normal movement of cytoplasmic strands and cell organelles was resumed. A number of small nucleolar vacuoles at room temperature gradually expanded and coalesced to form a large central vacuole which underwent further expansion and then contracted rapidly. Four different concentric zones were visible across the nucleolar region. A white, highly reflecting, glossy substance appeared on the surface of the expanding vacuole. The position of the nucleus during contraction and expansion was never stationary. Some nucleolar vacuoles remained open for an indefinite period of time when the cell was cooled to 5C. No change was noticed during cooling, but during rewarming to room temperature, the nucleolar vacuole was partially closed. The pumping action of the nucleolar vacuole suggested important exchanges of metabolites between the nucleolus and the cytoplasm. A single cell of tobacco did not divide at - IC, but mitosis proceeded upon cooling the cell to - 12-15C for a brief period. Different phases of mitosis, specifically formation of the cell plate, cell wall, and separation of nuclei, were delayed by low temperature treatment. THE EFFECTS of low temperature are of vital,
Noninvasive treatment of malignant bone tumors using high‐intensity focused ultrasound

High‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a new, noninvasive technique with potential to ablate and inactivate tumors. Treatment of solid tumors with HIFU has been reported. In this study, the safety and effects of HIFU in the clinical therapy of malignant bone tumors were assessed.
Measuring nutrient fluxes across the sediment-water interface using benthic chambers

This paper presents a simple model to determine the benthic fluxes of matter across the sediment-water Interface when a benth~c hamber is used. The model is based on accepting that the limiting step for the overall rate of transfer while the chamber is in position is the diffusion through the diffusive boundary layer (DBL) overlying the sediment, and it assumes that this rate is necessarily affected by the procedure employed to measure the flux. Alteration of the benthic fluxes due to the actlon of macrofauna is included in the model and, operatively, is expressed in terms of a reduction in the thickness of the DBL between the sediment and the water. If the diffusive fluxes are determined simultaneously w ~ t h the benthic chamber experiments, a value can be estimated for the thickness of the 'stagnant film'. Owing to the assumptions made and to the micro-heterogeneities of the sediment, this thickness can be considered to have both an operative and a statistical meaning, with respect to the entire surface area covered by the chamber. The values calculated in the Bay of Cadiz (SW Spain) vary between 0.36 and 0.71 nun, wh~ch are in agreement w ~ t h measurements of this film made by different techniques in other littoral ecosystems. However, the values of the in situ fluxes estimated using this model and by other established procedures described in the literature can differ by more than SO%, for the same experiment, in strongly irrigated zones.
Sub-character Neural Language Modelling in Japanese

In East Asian languages such as Japanese and Chinese, the semantics of a character are (somewhat) reflected in its sub-character elements. This paper examines the effect of using sub-characters for language modeling in Japanese. This is achieved by decomposing characters according to a range of character decomposition datasets, and training a neural language model over variously decomposed character representations. Our results indicate that language modelling can be improved through the inclusion of sub-characters, though this result depends on a good choice of decomposition dataset and the appropriate granularity of decomposition.
A Computer Vision System for Lateral Localization

For urban driving, knowledge of ego‐vehicle's position is a critical piece of information that enables advanced driver‐assistance systems or self‐driving cars to execute safety‐related, autonomous driving maneuvers. This is because, without knowing the current location, it is very hard to autonomously execute any driving maneuvers for the future. The existing solutions for localization rely on a combination of a Global Navigation Satellite System, an inertial measurement unit, and a digital map. However, in urban driving environments, due to poor satellite geometry and disruption of radio signal reception, their longitudinal and lateral errors are too significant to be used for an autonomous system. To enhance the existing system's localization capability, this work presents an effort to develop a vision‐based lateral localization algorithm. The algorithm aims at reliably counting, with or without observations of lane‐markings, the number of road‐lanes and identifying the index of the road‐lane on the roadway upon which our vehicle happens to be driving. Tests of the proposed algorithms against intercity and interstate highway videos showed promising results in terms of counting the number of road‐lanes and the indices of the current road‐lanes.
Genomic evidence for population specific selection in Nilo-Saharan and Niger-Congo linguistic groups in Africa

Background: There are over 2000 genetically diverse ethnolinguistic groups in Africa that could help decipher human evolutionary history and the genetic basis of phenotypic variation. We have analysed 298 genomes from Niger Congo populations from six sub Saharan African countries (Uganda, Democratic Republic of Congo, Cameroon, Zambia, Ivory Coast, Guinea) and a Nilo Saharan population from Uganda. These samples were collected as part of the TrypanoGEN consortium project http://www.trypanogen. net. Results: The population genetic structure of the 298 individuals revealed four clusters which correlated with ethnolinguistic group and geographical latitude, that is, West African Niger-Congo A, Central African Niger Congo, East African Niger-Congo B and the NiloSaharan. We observed a spatial distribution of positive natural selection signatures in genes associated with AIDS, Tuberculosis, Malaria and Human African Trypanosomiasis among the TrypanoGEN samples. Having observed a marked difference between the NiloSaharan Lugbara and Niger Congo populations, we identified four genes [APOBEC3G, TOP2B, CAPN9, LANCL2, (iHS -log p > 3.0, Rsb -log p > 3.0, Fst > 0.1 Bonferroni p > 1.8x10e4)], which are highly differentiated between the two ethnic groups and under positive selection in the Lugbara population. Conclusion: The signatures that differentiate ethnically distinct populations provide information on the specific ecological adaptations with respect to disease history and susceptibility/ resistance; as demonstrated in this study where APOBEG3G is believed to be involved in the susceptibility of the Nilo Saharan Lugbara population to Hepatitis B virus infection.
Diagnosis of hepatitis B virus infection through serological and virological markers

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an important health problem and the major cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. The natural history of chronic HBV infection can be divided into four dynamic phases in HBV carriers who acquire the virus early in life. Diagnosis of HBV infection is usually through serological and virological markers. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is the hallmark of HBV infection and is the first serological marker to appear in acute hepatitis B, and persistence of HBsAg for more than 6 months suggests chronic HBV infection. Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) usually indicates active HBV replication and risk of transmission of infection. Recently, occult HBV infection is recognized as the absence of circulating HBsAg in individuals positive for serum or tissue HBV DNA, irrespective of other HBV serological markers. Meanwhile, monitoring the serum HBV DNA level is valuable for assessing liver disease activity, differentiating other etiologies of hepatitis activity in HBV carriers, predicting risk of HCC development or liver-related mortality, deciding to administer antiviral therapy, determination of the response to antiviral treatment, predicting the risk of developing drug resistance, and detecting the emergence of drug-resistant mutants. On the other hand, HBV genotype C, basal core promoter mutant and pre-S deletion mutant are reported to be associated with increased risk of HCC development. The roles of quantitative HBV serology and intrahepatic HBV covalently closed circular (ccc)DNA deserve further studies. In conclusion, it is particularly important for physicians to screen for HBV infection in HBV-endemic areas and to monitor liver disease progression in HBV carriers by using both serological and virological markers, so that effective treatment can be initiated early before the development of advanced liver disease.
The 8th ACM Web Science Conference 2016

This article provides an overview of this year's ACM Web Science Conference (WebSci'16). It was located in Hannover, Germany, and organized by L3S Research Center and the Web Science Trust. WebSci'16 attracted more than 160 researchers from very different disciplines -- ranging from computer science to anthropology. Celebrating 10 years of the Web Science research initiative, the conference featured six keynotes, three panels, nine paper sessions, and several side-events.
Real-Time Correlation Filter Tracking by Efficient Dense Belief Propagation With Structure Preserving

Patch-based models that combine local image features or regions into loose geometric assemblies are a powerful paradigm for visual object tracking, and they present favorable properties such as robustness to partial occlusion, deformation, and the ability to address viewpoint changes. However, effectively exploiting the spatial-temporal confidence scores of each patch to construct a robust tracker while ensuring a low computational cost with dense discrete search remains a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a unified Markov random field (MRF) model that can effectively capture spatio-temporal intrapatch relations and occlusion priors to enhance the tracking performance, and we derive a highly efficient dense belief propagation for inference of the proposed MRF model. We propose a tracker that models the tracking object with a constellation topology (i.e., a global object and several local patches), where the graph structure model describes the pairwise spatial structure and the image observation model corresponding to the correlation filter with occlusion handling measuring the appearance similarity. Furthermore, these two models are updated online by exploiting the flexibility of local patches. Extensive experimental results on single- and multiple-object tracking show that the proposed algorithm performs favorably against state-of-the-art methods and runs in real time.
Biological characterization and modes of action of temporins and bombinins H, multiple forms of short and mildly cationic anti‐microbial peptides from amphibian skin

Genetically encoded cationic anti‐microbial peptides (AMPs) are essential components of the ancient and non‐specific innate immune system, which is the principal defence mechanism of all species of life, with the primary role to kill infectious microorganisms. Amphibian skin is one of the richest natural sources of such molecules, which are produced by holocrine‐type dermal glands and released upon stimulation. This review highlights the attractive and unique structural/functional properties of temporins and bombinins H, two families of short and mildly cationic peptides, isolated from the skin of frogs belonging to Rana and Bombina genera, respectively. Beside improving our knowledge on the role of AMPs in the regulation of the innate immunity, the biological significance of the existence of multiple forms of a prototypic peptide sequence within the same organism and the implication of short peptides in the endotoxin neutralization, these two classes of AMPs can be also considered as valid candidates for the design of novel anti‐infective and anti‐sepsis drugs. Copyright © 2007 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Survey of Spam Detection Methods on Twitter

Twitter is one of the most popular social media platforms that has 313 million monthly active users which post 500 million tweets per day. This popularity attracts the attention of spammers who use Twitter for their malicious aims such as phishing legitimate users or spreading malicious software and advertises through URLs shared within tweets, aggressively follow/unfollow legitimate users and hijack trending topics to attract their attention, propagating pornography. In August of 2014, Twitter revealed that 8.5% of its monthly active users which equals approximately 23 million users have automatically contacted their servers for regular updates. Thus, detecting and filtering spammers from legitimate users are mandatory in order to provide a spam-free environment in Twitter. In this paper, features of Twitter spam detection presented with discussing their effectiveness. Also, Twitter spam detection methods are categorized and discussed with their pros and cons. The outdated features of Twitter which are commonly used by Twitter spam detection approaches are highlighted. Some new features of Twitter which, to the best of our knowledge, have not been mentioned by any other works are also presented.
Inmunología de la Oncocercosis

La aplicacion de los metodos y los conceptos de la inmunologia al estudio de la oncocercosis ha provocado notables progresos en la comprension de ciertos aspectos de las relaciones entre el agente causal (0. volvulus) y su hospedero definitivo natural (Homo sapiens).
Interference mitigation in two-tier femtocell networks

With the rapid growth of wireless communications, the requirements of the service quality and the data transmission rate are gradually increased. Although the requirements can be met by building more macrocell base stations (MBSs), high implementation costs and other issues are introduced. Hence, the operators can not improve the coverage and service quality easily. However, as the technologies of femtocells are proposed, femtocell access point (FAP) can be installed to solve the problems mentioned above with relatively low equipment expenses and implementation costs. Although femtocells provide many benefits, such as the improvement of indoor signal quality and transmission rate, they also raise some issues, such as cross-tier interference, vertical handoff mechanism, and so on. In this paper, we investigate the problem of cross-tier interference and propose a power control scheme to adjust the transmission power of femtocell UEs to mitigate the cross-tier interference to the MBS in a two-tier femtocell network.