Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multilateral Negotiations, Preferential Trade Agreements and the CAP. What's Ahead?

The focus of the paper is on the developments so far and the future of the negotiations on agriculture in the WTO Doha Development Agenda round from the perspective of the European Union. The first part of the paper discusses what happened in the two parallel processes, the domestic agricultural policy reform in the EU and the WTO negotiations, identifying the linkages between CAP reform decisions and developments in the EU negotiation positions. The second part of the paper discusses further changes expected in the relatively near future in the CAP and in regional trade agreements involving the EU, and the perspectives of the WTO negotiations. The main point made is that the changes in domestic agricultural policy which have occurred in the EU (mostly motivated by domestic concerns), while they have not removed farm support nor made the CAP effective and efficient, have had a significant effect in terms of reducing its distortionary effects on markets, though more on the domestic than on the international ones. Unlike in the Uruguay round negotiations (when the MacSharry reform was decided close to the end of the round), the timing and extent of these reforms have made it possible for the EU to be a credible actor in the DDA round and put forward sensible negotiating proposals. The CAP is expected to go through further significant changes in the near future which, regardless of what happens in the WTO negotiations, will bring a further market reorientation of EU agriculture and a reduction in trade distortions. Successful developments in preferential trade agreements involving the EU for which negotiations are already well under way may contribute to a significant increase in the opening of EU agro-food markets.
Departures from convective equilibrium with a rapidly varying surface forcing

Convective equilibrium is a long‐standing and useful concept for understanding many aspects of the behaviour of deep moist convection. For example, it is often invoked in developing parametrizations for large‐scale models. However, the equilibrium assumption may begin to break down as models are increasingly used with shorter time steps and finer resolutions. Here we perform idealized cloud‐system resolving model simulations of deep convection with imposed time variations in the surface forcing. A range of rapid forcing time‐scales from 1 to 36 h are used, in order to induce systematic departures from equilibrium. For the longer forcing time‐scales, the equilibrium assumption remains valid, in at least the limited sense that cycle‐integrated measures of convective activity are very similar from cycle to cycle. For shorter forcing time‐scales, cycle‐integrated convection becomes more variable, with enhanced activity on one cycle being correlated with reduced activity on the next, suggesting a role for convective memory. Further investigation shows that the memory does not appear to be carried by the domain‐mean thermodynamic fields but rather by structures on horizontal scales of 5–20 km. Such structures are produced by the convective clouds and can persist beyond the lifetime of the cloud, even through to the next forcing cycle.
Sorafenib after RFA in HCC patients: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND/AIMS To investigate the effectiveness and safety of sorafenib after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODOLOGY 44 intermediate or advanced HCC patients received sorafenib treatment after debulking with RFA therapy. Time to progression (TTP), response rate (RR), duration of sorafenib treatment and adverse effects were evaluated. An explorative comparison was performed with patients treated with sorafenib only. RESULTS At 12 months, TTP was 10.3 months (range: 1-32). RR was 61% with 2 complete responses, and duration of sorafenib therapy was 10.9 months (1-32). No new safety concerns were report-ed. With sorafenib only, TTP was 7.2 months (range: 0-38) and RR was 40%, with one complete response; duration of therapy was 7.3 months (0-38). CONCLUSIONS The sequence of RFA and sorafenib appears effective and safe in HCC patients. These findings could support the use of a sequential treatment with RFA and sorafenib in HCC patients.
Capital Flows in East Asia Since the 1997 Crisis

Since the crisis hit East Asia six years ago, flows of capital between the region and the rest of the world have changed in significant ways. These changes have responded to altered economic conditions within the region and outside it. However, certain features of the new pattern of flows raise some important policy questions. First, East Asia is exporting capital on a net basis to the rest of the world in very substantial amounts. The external demand that has generated an export surplus has undoubtedly facilitated recovery from the Asian crisis. Moreover, the United States has also benefited from the related capital inflows to finance its current account deficit. Nonetheless, it is hard to believe that the region should be such a large exporter of savings in the long term, or that the US deficit can be sustained indefinitely. Second, East Asia is engaged in an international exchange of risk that is restoring and strengthening national and corporate balance sheets in the region and rendering the region’s economies more resilient. The region is doing so by exporting relatively safe capital while importing risky capital. That is, East Asia is buying high-quality US, European and Japanese government and agency securities, while selling real assets, equities, and medium- and lowquality bonds. This pattern has drawn the criticism that it has impeded the development of East Asia’s own bond markets. This special feature first reviews the net flows of capital from East Asia to the rest of the world. It then turns to the gross flows of capital, highlighting the region’s import of higher-risk capital and export of safer capital. In a third section, the criticisms that have been levelled against these patterns of capital flows are considered. The role of gross capital flows in some of the recent rapid increases in official foreign exchange reserves is emphasised. Finally, this special feature discusses policies to address the possible shortcomings in the current pattern of capital flows. These include East Asia’s finishing the restructuring of its banking and corporate sectors, developing both long-term investing institutions and bond markets, and relying less on exports to lead economic growth. A constructive response to these challenges would permit the global economy to move towards a more sustainable pattern of current account surpluses and deficits and associated capital flows.
The process of defining and developing Corporate Social Responsibility: A case study of Indiska Magasinet

This study uses Actor – Network Theory as a lens to present a case study of the process by which Indiska Magasinet, a large Swedish retailer, has defined and developed its conceptualization of Corporate Social Responsibility. Actor – Network Theory offers a valuable tool to examine the inter-actor negotiations that precede a conceptualization of Corporate Social Responsibility. The study results are primarily based on interviews with two prominent Indiska personnel in decision-making positions. At the instigation of the writers, the Indiska personnel told stories about the company’s way of working with Corporate Social Responsibility. In doing so, they described four principle examples of how inter-actor negotiations resulted in significant developments in Indiska’s approach to Corporate Social Responsibility. Their stories also highlighted shared values and legitimacy as the main reasons that Indiska allows other actors to influence its conceptualization of Corporate Social Responsibility.
BANK VALUE: COMPARING CUSTOMER AND EMPLOYEE PERCEPTIONS

In the modern competitive environment, banks create the value generally using the relational capital. Thus, customer satisfaction and loyalty are the main components of bank success in a market. In turn, customer satisfaction is affected by bank service quality that determines bank’s value perceived by clients. The main goal of the research is to determine factors affecting bank value perceived by customers to examine the gaps in customers’ and employees’ perceptions of these factors. The goal of the paper is to prepare a theoretical basis for the survey and to describe and theoretically validate the design of the research instrument. To achieve the goal the brief literature review was conducted in the fields of relationship value management, service quality and customer buying behaviour. The statements of the questionnaire were developed based on Kotler’s concept of a customer perceived value and different variations of the SERVQUAL model. To purify the developed questionnaires, the authors conducted focus group interview. We believe that bank performance depends directly on the bank’s ability to capture and retain clients and on customer-employee relationships. Thus, it is crucial to know factors affecting customer perceived bank value. Using our developed instrument it is possible to measure the level of service quality in Latvian banks and to examine the difference between customers’ and employees’ viewpoints on the quality of bank services.
Tumor‐associated CD75s gangliosides and CD75s‐bearing glycoproteins with Neu5Acα2‐6Galβ1‐4GlcNAc residues are receptors for the anticancer drug rViscumin

The anticancer drug rViscumin, currently under clinical development, has been shown in previous studies to be a sialic acid specific ribosome inactivating protein (RIP). Comparative binding assays with the CD75s‐specific monoclonal antibodies HB6 and J3‐89 revealed rViscumin to be a CD75s‐specific RIP due to identical binding characteristics toward CD75s gangliosides. The receptor gangliosides are IV6nLc4Cer, VI6nLc6Cer, and the newly characterized ganglioside VIII6nLc8Cer, all three carrying the Neu5Acα2‐6Galβ1‐4GlcNAc motif. To elucidate the clinical potential of the rViscumin targets, CD75s gangliosides were determined in several randomly collected gastrointestinal tumors. The majority of the tumors showed an enhanced expression of CD75s gangliosides compared with the unaffected tissues. The rViscumin binding specificity was further investigated with reference glycoproteins carrying sialylated and desialylated type II N‐glycans. Comparative Western blots of rViscumin and ricin, an rViscumin homologous but galactoside‐specific RIP, revealed specific recognition of type II N‐glycans with CD75s determinants by rViscumin, whereas ricin failed to react with terminally sialylated oligosaccharides such as CD75s motifs and others. This strict binding specificity of rViscumin and the increased expression of CD75s gangliosides in various tumors suggest this anticancer drug as a promising candidate for an individualised adjuvant therapy of human tumors.
Evaluation of the transmission potential and infectivity of H9N2 avian influenza virus in dogs fed infected chicken carcasses.

Despite the frequent reports of avian influenza A virus infections in dogs and cats, which have attracted the attention of veterinary practitioners and scientists in the respective fields of virology and epidemiology during the last decade, few reports are available regarding the natural exposure of dogs to low pathogenic viruses in field conditions. This may be important in the epidemiology of viruses in dogs on chicken farms. One of the possible causes of the interspecies transmission of viruses may be the consumption of infected carcasses by dogs. This hypothesis was examined by feeding dogs with experimentally H9N2 infected chicks. To this end, 8 dogs were selected and divided into two groups: test (n=5) and control (n=3). The dogs were fed commercial and standard diets during a 3-week adaptation period and from day 4 to 10 after being fed chicken carcasses. The test group was given H9N2 infected chicken carcasses, whereas the control group was fed on healthy ones from days 1 to 3 of the experiment. Clinical signs including depression, sneezing, coughing, nasal and ocular discharge, respiratory and heart rate changes, and rectal temperature, were monitored daily from day 0 to 10. Faeces and nasal swabs were collected on a daily basis for virus detection via RT-PCR during the experimental period. HI tests for antibody titre measurement were also performed on each day of the experimental period. The results of the study indicated that the aforementioned clinical parameters remained normal in both the test and control groups. No signs of viruses were detected in the nasal swab and faeces of dogs in both groups. HI test results showed no considerable antibody titer against the H9N2 virus in either group. In conclusion, it seemed unlikely that the consumption of H9N2 infected chicken carcasses by dogs could be a cause of infection in dogs.
HIV care providers and prevention: opportunities and challenges.

Most of the more than 900,000 Americans living with HIV know that they are infected and have regular contact with a health care system. It is estimated that most HIVinfected persons have at least 1 annual primary medical care visit. Current HIV treatment guidelines recommend at least quarterly assessment of plasma HIV RNA viral load and CD4 count and more frequent assessments when patients initiate or switch their antiretroviral therapy, so many HIV-positive patients may see a primary provider at least quarterly. Monitoring for possible drug toxicities may necessitate additional clinic visits. Yet, since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in 1996, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) have increased among many HIV-infected and at-risk individuals. Some public health researchers suggest that HIV incidence has increased among men who have sex with men (MSM), even though HIV treatment may plausibly be expected to be associated with decreased infectiousness, because of increases in STDs that potentiate HIV transmission. Recent surveillance data from urban areas in the United States, Canada, Europe, and Australia indicate a resurgence in syphilis and gonorrhea among MSM, who are disproportionately HIV infected.
AGRICULTURE, WTO, AND THE NEXT ROUND OF MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS

Many perceive one of the great achievements of the Uruguay Round (UR) to be the start to bringing agricultural policies under GATT discipline. 1 Following the signing of the UR accord in 1994, non-tariff barriers to agricultural imports are required to be tariffied and bound and the tariff bindings are scheduled for phased reductions. As well, farm production and export subsidies also are to be reduced, mostly between 1995 and 2000 (with developing countries having an extra four or more years). That UR Agreement on Agriculture (URAA), together with the SPS Agreement (to limit the use of quarantine import restrictions to cases that can be justified scientifically) and the Dispute Settlement Agreement (which has greatly improved the process of resolving trade conflicts), ensure that agricultural trade will be much less chaotic in future than prior to the formation in 1995 of the new World Trade Organization (WTO). Much remains to be done, however, before agricultural trade is as fully disciplined or as free as world trade in manufactures. This paper first explains why agricultural policies need to be disciplined under the WTO (Section 1). It then examines what has been/is being achieved through implementation of the URAA (Section 2), evaluates its impacts on developing countries (Section 3), explores what remains to be tackled when WTO members come back to the negotiating table at the end of 1999, as was agreed in the URAA (Section 4), and reviews ways developing countries can seek to ensure that the process of reform by them and others continues as we move into the next millennium (Section 5). 1. Why agricultural policies need to be disciplined under the GATT/WTO 1 On the long history of exceptional treatment of agriculture in the GATT, see Josling, Tangermann and Warley (1996). 2 During more than three centuries of modern economic growth there has been only one significant episode involving a major liberalization of agricultural protectionism, namely the mid-nineteenth century repeal of Britain's Corn Laws. Other than that, the history of industrial and post-industrial development has been overlaid with a history of agricultural protection growth. Poor agrarian economies tend to tax agriculture relative to other tradables sectors, but as nations industrialize their policy regimes tend to gradually change from negatively to positively assisting farmers relative to other producers (and conversely from subsidizing to taxing food consumers). The period since the 1950s has seen substantial growth in agricultural protectionism in …
Integrative Psychotherapy and Coping With Psychopathological Syndromes : Dilemmas Around the Treatment of a Patient With Resistant Trichotillomania

The clinical case presented herein addresses the following 2 key issues: (1) the meaning and consequences of bypassing a major symptom or syndrome in a patient’s treatment to facilitate development and growth in other dimensions of her life that were being hindered due to their interrelations with the symptom; and (2) the therapeutic impact of incorporating strategic, cognitive, and behavioral interventions into a relational psychodynamic psychotherapy modeled on Wachtel’s (1997) cyclical psychodynamics theory. The primary distress, symptoms, personal, and family background of the patient are outlined, followed by a description of the psychodynamic formulation and detailed clinical considerations lying behind the adoption of a cyclical integrative therapeutic plan. The treatment plan comprised strategic intervention, interpretative work around the psychodynamic formulation, cognitive challenging, augmenting self-esteem, reinforcing active and independent behaviors, with a focus on the therapeutic effects of therapeutic alliance, and corrective experiences. The discussion, outcomes, and conclusions sections demonstrate the importance of adopting creative, flexible, and integrative attitudes when working with patients suffering from defined complex symptoms among other complaints and distresses.
Improvement of Huntington's disease with olanzapine and valproate.

To the Editor: Huntington's disease is an inherited, progressive, mentally and physically disabling disorder characterized by choreoathetoid movements, dementia, and occasionally psychosis.1 Rejection of assistance by many patients makes this an especially emotionally painful condition for family members and caregivers. A 39-year-old man and a 52-year-old woman with Huntington's disease of 8 and 13 years' duration, respectively, were hospitalized because of agitation, aggression, and delusions that had begun 2 to 3 years earlier. In the year before admission, their uncontrollable movements had become so severe that they could not walk or assist in their own care. Both had received haloperidol .
Heterogeneous expression of nestin in myofibroblasts of various human tissues

In this study we explored the distribution of nestin‐positive cells in extraneural human tissues with special reference to stromal myofibroblasts. Tissue microarrays were constructed from various tissues with normal histology and tissues with fibrosing disorders. Sections were immunostained for nestin, alpha‐smooth muscle actin (alpha‐SMA), desmin, vimentin, CD34, and other stromal markers. Nestin was expressed in the myoepithelium of the breast, podocytes of the renal glomerulus, and endothelial cells of most organs. Nestin was also expressed in the stroma of several organs, including the intestine, uterine cervix, and endometrium. Nestin‐positive fibroblast‐like cells appeared in the stroma of the kidney, pancreas, lung, and skin in fibrosing conditions. With the notable exception of endometrial stromal cells, most of these nestin‐positive stromal cells were alpha‐SMA‐positive. Interestingly, we observed a concomitant appearance of nestin‐ and CD34‐positive myofibroblasts under fibrosing conditions. Further investigation showed that nestin was expressed by stromal fibroblasts in cervical squamous cell carcinoma, but not in lung adenocarcinoma, pointing to heterogeneity of cancer stroma. In conclusion, nestin was expressed in variable proportions of stromal myofibroblasts in human tissues. The differential expression of nestin may indicate phenotypic and functional heterogeneity. Nestin‐positive myofibroblast may represent a relatively immature subpopulation of cells with multipotentiality.
Balancing financial and strategic aspects of real property portfolio management

Real property portfolio management (RPPM) can contribute to the effective management of corporate real estate which is owned by firms not principally involved in real estate investment. Unlike commercial real estate management, which is entirely profit-centered, the primary focus of RPPM is the relationship between financial issues and corporate strategic needs. Accordingly, this thesis proposes a management system which maintains a clear picture of -crpor-ae the total corporate real estate portfolio structure and which balances financial and strategic aspects of RPPM. This thesis has five chapters. Chapter 1 states the objectives of the thesis. Chapter 2 provides an overview of the total RPPM process in order to clarify the relationship between its financial, strategic, and organizational management aspects. Chapter 3 reviews the practical application of financial portfolio theory to RPPM. It is shown that while financial portfolio theory is not directly applicable to RPPM, the portfolio management concept provides a basis for quantitative approach to RPPM. The benefits of diversification in form of ownership are also discussed. Chapter 4 proposes a methodology for both quantitative and qualitative evaluation of strategic aspect of corporate real estate in relation to its financial aspect, and for structuring of the corporate real estate portfolio. Emphasis is placed on use value as the most characteristic value for corporate real estate. The option pricing model is proposed as the best method for quantitative determination of use value. Chapter 5 reviews key discussions and major findings, and recommends themes and topics for future research. Thesis Supervisor: Dr. Ranko Bon Thesis Reader: Dr. Fred Moavenzadeh Title: Balancing Financial and Strategic Aspects of Real Property Portfolio Management
Effect of acetazolamide on acute mountain sickness.

Abstract The influence of acetazolamide on acute mountain sickness was tested in a double-blind study of forty-three volunteers given acetazolamide or placebo, 250 mg every eight hours, for 32 hours before and 40 hours after abrupt transportation from sea level to 12,800 feet. In response to hypoxia, control subjects hyperventilated and developed mild respiratory alkalosis with increased blood pH and reduced carbon dioxide tension and bicarbonate within eight hours after arrival at altitude. These changes persisted over the five days of the study. Alkalosis was prevented in the acetazolamide-treated group, with a greater increase in ventilation and alveolar oxygen tension and a greater decrease in carbon dioxide tension and bicarbonate than in controls. Significant reductions in frequency and severity of the most prominent symptoms of acute mountain sickness — headache, insomnia and gastrointestinal symptoms — were observed in treated subjects. In control subjects, occurrence and severity of symptoms corr.