Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
All Types of Base Pair Substitutions Induced by γ-Rays in Haploid and Diploid Yeast Cells

We study the biological effects induced by ionizing radiation in view of therapeutic exposure and the idea of space flights beyond Earth's magnetosphere. In particular, we examine the differences between base pair substitution induction by ionizing radiation in model haploid and diploid yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Such mutations are difficult to study in higher eukaryotic systems. In our research, we have used a collection of six isogenic trp5-strains and 14 isogenic haploid and diploid cyc1-strains that are specific markers of all possible base-pair substitutions. These strains differ from each other only in single base substitutions within codon-50 of the trp5 gene or codon-22 of the cyc1 gene. Different mutation spectra for two different haploid genetic trp5and cyc1assays and different mutation spectra for the same genetic cyc1system in cells with different ploidy — haploid and diploid — have been obtained. It was linear function for dose-dependence in haploid and exponential in diploid cells. We suggest that the differences between haploid yeast strains reflect the dependence on the sequence context, while the differences between haploid and diploid strains reflect the different molecular mechanisms of mutations. Keywords—Base pair substitutions, γ-rays, haploid and diploid cells, yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Oil Volatility Spillovers to the US and EU industries

This essay examines the volatility spillover effects from oil price shocks across different US and EU industries, using a GJR-GARCH(1,1) model. We conclude that the European industries are much more sensitive to oil and stock market shocks compared to their US counterparts. In US, oil news have significant effect only on Basic Materials, Industrials, Utilities and Consumer Services and coefficient significance depends much on the estimation sample. In contrast, all the EU industry returns are significantly influenced by oil shocks. The most sensitive are Basic Materials and Industrials, while the least affected are Telecommunications, Healthcare and Consumer Goods. However, variance ratios show that the share of oil shocks in an industry’s total volatility remains very small (0-0.46% for US sectors and 0.23-1.55% for EU) compared to the innovations from the broad US and EU stock markets. For futures contracts these ratios are higher, and namely 0.03-2.73% and 0.21-4.66% respectively.
Mosaic spin models with topological order

We study a class of two-dimensional spin models with the Kitaev-type couplings in mosaic structure lattices to implement topological orders. We show that they are exactly solvable by reducing them to some free Majorana fermion models with gauge symmetries. The typical case with a 4-8-8 close packing is investigated in detail to display the quantum phases with Abelian and non-Abelian anyons. Its topological properties characterized by Chern numbers are revealed through the edge modes of its spectrum.
Roof-rock contamination of Taylor Creek Rhyolite, New Mexico, as recorded in hornblende phenocrysts and biotite xenocrysts

Abstract The Taylor Creek Rhyolite, a group of coeval, mid-Tertiary, silica-rich rhyolite lava domes in southwestern New Mexico, is notable for recording bulk-rock evidence of minor, yet easily measurable, contamination of its source magma reservoir resulting from assimilation of Proterozoic roof rock. Most of the evidence is recorded in trace element concentrations and 87Sr/86Sri ratios, which are far different in uncontaminated magma and roof rocks. Hornblende phenocrysts and biotite xenocrysts also record the effects of contamination. Electron microprobe analyses show that all hornblende grains are zoned to Mg- rich and Fe- and Mn-poor rims. Rim MgO content is typically about 10 wt% greater than core MgO content. Other hornblende constituents are not measurably variable. Biotite xenocrysts, trace mineral constituents, are present only in the domes that are most contaminated, as judged by bulk-rock variations in trace element concentrations and 87Sr/86Sri. Biotite grains are invariably partly to almost completely altered. Microprobe analyses of the cores of the least-altered grains show that large variations in Fe and Mg and that biotite contains 2-20 times as much Mg as fresh biotite phenocrysts in other silica-rich rhyolite lavas. Fe and Mg are negatively correlated in hornblende and biotite, consistent with mixing two end-member compositions. The mass ratio of contaminant to magma was probably less than 1:100, and major constituents, including Al, were not measurably affected in hornblende. Al-in-homblende barometry yields essentially a constant calculated pressure of about 1.5 kbar, which is consistent with the interpretation that all contamination occurred in a boundary zone about 300 m thick at the top of the magma reservoir.
Influence of irrigation strategies on productivity, fruit quality and soil-plant water status of subsurface drip-irrigated apple trees

Introduction. The aim of this work was to study the effects of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on fruit yield, fruit weight and fruit quality parameters, as well as soil-plant water relations, in apple orchards under high-frequency subsurface drip irrigation in a region with a continental climate. Materials and methods. Four irrigation treatments were applied in 2010 and 2011 to apple trees cv. ‘Gala’: T1, no irrigation; T2, optimal irrigation except during summer; T3, optimal irrigation except during summer when RDI with a threshold for irrigation at –1.2 MPa midday stem water potential (Ψ stem) was utilised; T4, optimal irrigation. The soil water status and plant water status were followed over two growing seasons. Results and discussion. The irrigation treatments had no significant impact on fruit yield. However, compared with optimal irrigation (T4) and RDI (T3), the absence of irrigation in summer (T1, T2) induced low Ψ stem ( The RDI treatment saved 47% water compared with optimal irrigation without negative impacts on yield and fruit quality. In the temperate conditions of Switzerland, Ψ stem, as well as Ψ soil, are well adapted for scheduling RDI in apple orchards.
Transforming an Institution by Engineering Learning

is a Research Development Her work focuses on developmental evaluation, initiation and development of net-worked improvement communities (NIC), and improving STEM teaching and learning. Her research in-terests include distributed leadership, organizational change, and improving teaching and learning through tool design and implementation, professional development, reform initiatives, and curriculum. Prior to receiving her Ph.D. in Learning Sciences from Northwestern University, she was a teacher in Oregon. This paper explores the transformations underway to advance teaching and learning at a public institution of higher education. The transformations are multi-level, targeting both individual impact for faculty through to systemic changes at the institutional level. The transformations are catalyzed and supported by a Teaching & Learning Center (the Center) focused on faculty development, curricula, and systemic change through facilitated professional development, a focus on learning, and the implementation of new structures, routines, and tools. The transformations are institutionally grounded and are the result of combined efforts (e.g., President’s office, Provost, Deans, Faculty, Center), with the Center as a catalyst. The Center was created in response to a multi-year strategic initiation process. Shortly after formation of the Center, there were complementary shifts in senior administration (new President and Provost). In this paper we report the framework used to guide the transformations to advance teaching and learning, share ways we organized to facilitate the changes, and provide case examples to illustrate some of the impact of the transformations.
Comparative Analysis of Optical Signals Emitted by Corona on a Laboratory Model of Transmission Lines Made of Various Materials

The paper presents results of comparative analyses of optical signals generated by corona discharges occurring in the vicinity and on the surface of power transmission lines made of five different materials under laboratory conditions. Three aluminium-based materials were chosen: pure aluminium, aluminium with added magnesium, and aluminium with added silicon, and for comparison purposes also, steel-based lines were considered: copper-coated steel and steel with added chromium and nickel. A three-phase triangular arrangement system operating under maximal voltage equal to 110 kV was applied for experimental tests. The optical radiation was registered using a spectrophotometer. During research works, also the influence of corona generation voltage and distance between power lines was investigated. Based on the achieved results, it was stated that the highest corona intensity was found for aluminium-based lines, for both pure aluminium and aluminium with added magnesium and silicon. The lowest corona intensity was observed for chromium- and nickel-alloyed (stainless) steel.
Whither Arctic sea ice? A clear signal of decline regionally, seasonally and extending beyond the satellite record

Abstract The Arctic sea ice has been pointed to as one of the first and clearest indicators of climate change. Satellite passive microwave observations from 1979 through 2005 now indicate a significant –8.4±1.5% decade–1 trend (99% confidence level) in September sea-ice extent, a larger trend than earlier estimates due to acceleration of the decline over the past 41 years. There are differences in regional trends, with some regions more stable than others; not all regional trends are significant. The largest trends tend to occur in months where melt is at or near its peak for a given region. A longer time series of September extents since 1953 was adjusted to correct biases and extended through 2005. The trend from the longer time series is –7.7±0.6% decade–1 (99%), slightly less than from the satellite-derived data that begin in 1979, which is expected given the recent acceleration in the decline.
Radon level in dwellings basement of Yazd-Iran

*Corresponding author: Dr. Fathollah Bouzarjomehri, Department of Medical Physics and Environment Health, Shahid Sadoghi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Fax: +98 351 7244078 E-mail: Bouzarj_44@ssu.ac. ir Background: Indoor radon gas (222Rn) has been recognized as one of the health hazards for human. Air radon comes mainly from basement soil and construction materials. Saghand region with rich uranium mines lies 180 km from Yazd, so the indoor radon concentration can be high. Yazd, with population of about 457000, is the biggest city near Saghand, thus, indoor gamma background radiation of Yazd could be more than the other cities of Yazd province. Materials and Methods: In this study the air radon level of 84 dwellings basement from various regions of Yazd were measured during the year 2007. To do so, a portable radon gas surveyor was used which is an active measurement method. Using this device, α radiation of each basement was measured by a solid state detector for 24 hours. Results: Radon concentrations of the basements were between 5.55 to 747.4 Bq/m3 with mean of 137.36 Bq/m3. The mean radon concentration wasn't significantly different from the EPA guide line that is mitigation recommendations level (148 Bq/m3). However, more than 30% of the basements had radon concentration more than EPA guide line. Conclusion: Using good air conditioning system in the dwelling basements is suggested. Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2008; 6 (3): 141­144
Effects of Early Life Family Events on Women's Late Life Labour Market Behaviour: An Analysis of the Relationship between Childbearing and Retirement in Western Germany

The relationship between a woman's reproductive history and her entry into retirement is not well- investigated yet. Will mothers exit the workforce earlier than childless women (as they have a weaker labour market orientation; as they are more likely to have a 'male breadwinner' in the household), or will they work longer to make-up for employment interruptions during their reproductive phase? We exploit data from the German Socio-Economic Panel to estimate discrete-time logit models for women's transition to retirement, using detailed information on the individual's fertility biography as main explanatory variables. Our primary finding is that having children delays a woman's exit from the labour force. This effect tends to be stronger for mothers who experienced their first birth relatively late. Postponing fertility and retirement should both be driven by a relatively strong career orientation. Thus, in addition to household economic considerations, the individual's evaluation of her worker role relative to her family role is likely to be important for her retirement timing.
Macroeconomic factors that affected business cycles before the 50s, after the 80s and during the intermediate period: empirical findings on the US economy

The aim of this paper is twofold. On the one hand, it is investigated which is the effect of macroeconomic factors in income growth, as defined by IS-LM, and on the other hand it is examined which is the relation between these factors and economic cycles. The aim of this paper goes further and examines whether the magnitude of the effect of these factors to GDP growth remains intact over time. The examination periods includes the years 1930-1949, 1950-1979 and 1980-2008. According to the results of the analysis, the government consumption expenditure growth is the most important factor that affects positively GDP growth. A change by 10% of Government consumption leads to 1.65% GDP growth. It is also examined which is the effect of Personal consumption expenditures to gross domestic product growth by breaking down personal consumption components, namely consumption for Durable goods, consumption for Nondurable goods and consumption for Services. A change in demand for Nondurable goods is found to be the major factor that affects GDP growth. This study also shows that the duration of crises is adversely affected by lowering interest rates while being equally affected by government consumption and private investments even after adjusting for different time periods.However, the effect of these factors is somewhat smaller after 1950, maybe due to increasing globalisation. The findings are interesting for policy makers. The empirical findings of this study indicate that the role of private investments for GDP growth may be over-rated among policy makers, given the low contribution of this factor to GDP growth. On the contrary, policies that aim in increasing role of the state may lead to higher GDP growth and smaller economic crises. In line with other studies it is also found that interest rate policy affects the duration of economic cycles.
An Effective Temperature Scale Based on a Simple Model of Human Physiological Regulatiry Response

for the whole body and the probable values of the three principal parameters related to thejudgement of comfort and thermal sensation - skin and core tempera- ture and skin wettedness. There are many other factors involved in the judgement of comfort that have not been considered:individualskintemperaturesofthehands,feet, arms, legs and trunk as well as heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac output. These factors are important in states of severe discomfort or during heavy exercise and a! l must ultimateiy be taken into account by a more elaborate model and by more extensive experimentation, than there is avail- able this date in the literature.
Vocational Schooling, Labor Market Outcomes, and College Entry

This paper examines the differentiated outcomes of vocational and general secondary academic education, particularly in terms of employment opportunities, labor market earnings, and access to tertiary education in Indonesia. With data from a panel of two waves of the Indonesia Family Life Survey in 1997 and 2000, the paper tracks a cohort of high school students in 1997 to examine their schooling and employment status in 2000. The findings demonstrate that: (1) attendance at vocational secondary schools results in neither market advantage nor disadvantage in terms of employment opportunities and/or earnings premium; (2) attendance at vocational schools leads to significantly lower academic achievement as measured by national test scores; and (3) There is no stigma attached to attendance at vocational schools that results in a disadvantage in access to tertiary education; rather, it is the lower academic achievement associated with attendance at vocational school that lowers the likelihood of entering college. The empirical approach of this paper addresses two limitations of the existing literature in this area. First, it takes into account the observation censoring issue due to college entry when evaluating labor market outcomes of secondary school graduates. Second, using an instrumental variable approach, the paper also treats endogeneity of household choice of vocational versus academic track of secondary education, teasing out the net effect of secondary school choice on labor market and schooling outcomes.
Different effect of mycorrhizal inoculation in direct and indirect reclamation of spoil banks

Spoil banks generated during coal mining are usually reclaimed by layering of fertile soil over original barren clay (co called indirect reclamation). This well-proven method is effective from the aspect of vegetation establishment and production, but it is very expensive. Direct reclamation of spoil bank clay promises much cheaper approach, yet its success is uncertain and the process might be rather long-term. This two-year field study aimed to assess the effect of application of commercially produced inoculum of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Symbivit® on growth of two plant species commonly used for reclamation ( Lotus corniculatus and Arrhenatherum elatius ) sown on three different substrates: organic substrate (mixture of papermill waste, tree-bark and compost) and loess (both substrates typical for indirect reclamation) and original spoil bank clays (simulation of direct reclamation). On organic substrate and loess, A. elatius outcompeted the legume and established 100 % cover in all treatments. The effect of mycorrhizal inoculation was not observed. In contrast, on clay both species established successfully. The produced biomass and cover were, however, substantially lower compared to organic substrate and loess. In clay the positive effect of introduced AMF on plant was observed. Mycorrhizal inoculation was useful for supporting plant growth at direct reclamation. Direct reclamation in itself seems suitable for small-scale application, i.e. in patches where indirect reclamation is inconvenient or more diverse vegetation is required. Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; inoculum; clay; papermill waste; loess; Arrhenatherum elatius ; Lotus corniculatus
Bootstrap Tests of Mean-Variance Efficiency with Multiple Portfolio Groupings

We propose double bootstrap methods to test the mean-variance efficiency hypothesis when multiple portfolio groupings of the test assets are considered jointly rather than individually. A direct test of the joint null hypothesis may not be possible with standard methods when the total number of test assets grows large relative to the number of available time-series observations, since the estimate of the disturbance covariance matrix eventually becomes singular. The suggested residual bootstrap procedures based on combining the individual group p-values avoid this problem while controlling the overall significance level. Simulation and empirical results illustrate the usefulness of the joint mean-variance efficiency tests.
Archaeal diversity in the Dead Sea: Microbial survival under increasingly harsh conditions

The Dead Sea is rapidly drying out. The lake is supersaturated with NaCl, and precipitation of halite from the water column has led to a decrease in sodium content, while concentrations of magnesium and calcium greatly increased, making the lake an ever more extreme environment for microbial life. In the past decades, blooms of algae (Dunaliella) and halophilic Archaea were twice observed in the lake (1980–1982 and 1992–1995), triggered by massive inflow of freshwater floods, but no conditions suitable for renewed microbial growth have occurred since. To examine whether the Dead Sea in its current state (density 1.24 g ml -1 , water activity about 0.67) still supports life of halophilic Archaea, we collected particulate matter from a depth of 5 m at an offshore station by means of tangential filtration. Presence of bacterioruberin carotenoids, albeit at low concentrations, in the particulate material showed that members of the Halobacteriaceae were still present in the lake’s water column. Amplification of 16S rRNA genes from the biomass yielded genes with less than 95% identity with environmental sequences reported from other environments and only 89-95% identity with cultivated Halobacteriaceae. It is thus shown that the Dead Sea, in spite of the ever more adverse conditions to life, supports a unique and varied community of halophilic Archaea. We have also isolated a number of strains of Halobacteriaceae from the samples collected, and their characterization is currently in progress.
Initial approaches on Cross-Lingual Information Retrieval using Statistical Machine Translation on user-queries

In this paper we propose a multilingual extension for OnAIR which is an ontology-aided information retrieval system applied to retrieve clips from a video collection. The multilingual extension basically involves allowing the user to search in several languages in a multilingual video collection. Particularly, the pair of languages we work in this paper are English and Portuguese. In order to perform query translation we use a statistical machine translation approach. Our experiments show that the multilingual system is capable of achieving almost the same quality of that obtained by the monolingual system.