Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fish Feces as Fish Food on a Pacific Coral Reef

The fates of 5,975 feces produced by 88 species of reef fishes were monitored at Palau (western Pacific Ocean). At least 4 5 fishes ate fish feces in addition to other foods. Intraspecific coprophagy and autocoprophagy were very rare and most coprophagous interactions were between members of different trophic groups. Fecal material moved through a feeding network of fishes, from carnivores to herbivores with low carbonate diets (LCDs) of fleshy (principally red) microalgae to herbivores with LCDs of brown macroalgae to high carbonate diet (HCD) herbivores and detritivores. Intermediate links were often omitted. This network retained food material entering it, and, because herbivores ate piscivore feces, appeared to recycle some food. Fishes ate almost all the feces of zooplanktivores and other carnivores, and most of the feces produced by herbivores with LCDs of microalgae and by coralivores with LCDs of hard-coral tissue. Fishes ate few feces of LCD herbivores that led on brown macroalgae and virtually no feces of herbivores and detritivores with HCDs. A few fishes regularly associated with local concentrations of zooplanktivores and LCD microalgivores and consumed large amounts of the feces the latter produced. Although coprophagy is a common feeding tactic its importance to the 'average' members of the fish community is unknown.
Neuromuscular dysfunction in the mutant superoxide dismutase mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

To better understand the interaction between motor neuron dysfunction and denervation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we have evaluated motor neuron number and the retrograde uptake and transport of fluorogold by motor neurons in mice overexpressing mutant superoxide dismutase (mSOD), and wild‐type controls. N‐CAM immunoreactivity and protein kinase expression were determined in skeletal muscle during denervation. We found that in severely affected mSOD mice, motor neuron loss is moderate (approximate 40% reduction), whereas retrograde uptake/transport as assessed using fluorogold is profoundly impaired (approximately 90% reduction). The impairment in fluorogold uptake/transport corresponds to measures of progressive muscle denervation such as increased N‐CAM immunoreactivity of muscle and increased expression of protein kinase B (PKB) in denervated muscle. These data suggest that the debility in the mSOD mouse model of ALS is produced, in part, by impaired retrograde uptake/transport in motor neuron axons in spite of regenerative support from muscle such as elevated expression of PKB.
Late‐type allergy to the X‐ray contrast medium Solutrast® (iopamidol)

In the past few years, there have been an increasing number of publications on delayed intolerance reactions, including rashes, following the use of X‐ray contrast media. We report a patient in whom infiltrated erythema of the face and generalized maculopapular rashes occurred on 2 occasions, within 1 day, following the use of the X‐ray contrast medium Solutrast® (iopamidol) for coronary angiography. The allergological investigations for clarification included prick tests and patch tests using a series of contrast media, as well as individual intravenous provocation tests. We found the cause to be a late‐type allergy to the active substance iopamidol contained in the contrast medium Solutrast®. We found a concomitant cross‐reactivity to the contrast media iopromid and iomeprol. All 3 contrast media represent the monomeric, non‐ionic type.
Large-scale PV systems with energy storage utilizing high-gain DC/DC converters

The trend associated with the ever increasing size of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems necessitates PV system configurations with higher power rating power processing converters and interconnection at a higher voltage level at the point of common coupling (PCC). Moreover, the inherent intermittency of the solar irradiation greatly affects both transient- and steady-state operation of these ever larger PV systems. This paper proposes a solution dealing with challenges of the large-scale PV system. The paper introduces a multistring PV system configuration based on a high-gain DC/DC converter and energy storage system (ESS). The interleaved structure of the high-gain DC/DC converter can easily handle the challenges regarding the power rating of converters and the requirement of higher voltage at PCC. Moreover, the ESS suppresses the power fluctuation of PV arrays and balances the difference between generated PV power and peak load demand. The simulation results of proposed system are presented to validate the performance of transient and steady state.
Development and Reliability Analysis of the Work Productivity Short Inventory (WPSI) Instrument Measuring Employee Health and Productivity

The Work Productivity Short Inventory (WPSI), also known as the Wellness Inventory, was developed to quickly assess the prevalence of medical problems that may influence work productivity and the financial implications of those problems. The WPSI asks respondents to note the amount of time missed from work resulting from 15 medical conditions and the amount of unproductive time spent at work when affected by the condition. Three versions of the WPSI were compared that differed according to the length of the recall period (12 months, 3 months, or 2 weeks). The reliability of the financial metrics generated from the WPSI was assessed for each version and found to be adequate, ranging from 0.66–0.74 in this application. The WPSI was found to be a highly reliable tool for estimating the prevalence of medical conditions that influence work productivity. The dollar impact of the associated productivity losses were found to be reliable enough to meet the instrument’s intended purpose, which is to help employers understand relationships between disease and productivity, thereby contributing to the design of interventions to relieve these problems. The needs of the researcher should dictate which version of the WPSI to use.
Frontofacial Advancement by Distraction Osteogenesis: A Long-Term Review

Background: Frontofacial advancement by distraction osteogenesis is known to produce significant functional and aesthetic gains in the short and medium term. Little is known about the long-term effects of this technique. The authors present a long-term review of frontofacial advancement by distraction in patients with syndromic craniosynostosis. Methods: In 2008, Witherow et al. presented functional outcomes in 20 consecutive patients who underwent frontofacial advancement by distraction osteogenesis using the rigid external distractor frame. This retrospective study has revisited the outcomes in these patients after a mean follow-up period of 10.2 years. Results: Records for the original 20 patients were assessed. Cephalometric analysis demonstrated stable advancements over the long term. No patient achieved any anterior growth of the midface after frontofacial advancement. Long-term follow-up demonstrated a later deterioration of respiratory function in the younger group of patients (36.4 percent). Four patients required adenotonsillectomy. One patient has a persistent tracheostomy. Only one patient required further procedures to correct recurrent raised intracranial pressure. None of the patients in the older group experienced a deterioration of function. Other procedures included reduction of the supraorbital ridge, bimaxillary osteotomies, and rhinoplasties. Conclusions: Frontofacial distraction produced long-term stable advancement in all cases, and 15 of the 17 living patients (88.2 percent) achieved stable functional gains. Anterior growth of the midface does not occur following monobloc distraction. Deterioration in function is seen in those who undergo this procedure at a young age. The authors recommend regular follow-up of these patients. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, IV.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T and A1298C polymorphism and susceptibility to acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a cohort of Egyptian children

This case–control study was planned to investigate the possible role of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A1298C polymorphisms as a risk factor for the development of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in a cohort of Egyptian children. Typing of MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms was done using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for 100 children with ALL and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. No significant differences were found between patients with ALL and controls for the frequency of MTHFR C677T and A1298C alleles, genotypes, combined genotypes or haplotypes. The C677T and A1298C genotype frequency was different from that in Korean and Chinese populations (p < 0.5) and was similar to that in British, French-Canadian and German-Caucasian populations (p > 0.5). Our findings suggest that MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms are unlikely to affect the development of childhood ALL in an Egyptian population from Delta.
Adolescent BMI trajectory and risk of diabetes versus coronary disease.

BACKGROUND The association of body-mass index (BMI) from adolescence to adulthood with obesity-related diseases in young adults has not been completely delineated. METHODS We conducted a prospective study in which we followed 37,674 apparently healthy young men for incident angiography-proven coronary heart disease and diabetes through the Staff Periodic Examination Center of the Israeli Army Medical Corps. The height and weight of participants were measured at regular intervals, with the first measurements taken when they were 17 years of age. RESULTS During approximately 650,000 person-years of follow-up (mean follow-up, 17.4 years), we documented 1173 incident cases of type 2 diabetes and 327 of coronary heart disease. In multivariate models adjusted for age, family history, blood pressure, lifestyle factors, and biomarkers in blood, elevated adolescent BMI (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters; mean range for the first through last deciles, 17.3 to 27.6) was a significant predictor of both diabetes (hazard ratio for the highest vs. the lowest decile, 2.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.11 to 3.58) and angiography-proven coronary heart disease (hazard ratio, 5.43; 95% CI, 2.77 to 10.62). Further adjustment for BMI at adulthood completely ablated the association of adolescent BMI with diabetes (hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.75 to 1.37) but not the association with coronary heart disease (hazard ratio, 6.85; 95% CI, 3.30 to 14.21). After adjustment of the BMI values as continuous variables in multivariate models, only elevated BMI in adulthood was significantly associated with diabetes (β=1.115, P=0.003; P=0.89 for interaction). In contrast, elevated BMI in both adolescence (β=1.355, P=0.004) and adulthood (β=1.207, P=0.03) were independently associated with angiography-proven coronary heart disease (P=0.048 for interaction). CONCLUSIONS An elevated BMI in adolescence--one that is well within the range currently considered to be normal--constitutes a substantial risk factor for obesity-related disorders in midlife. Although the risk of diabetes is mainly associated with increased BMI close to the time of diagnosis, the risk of coronary heart disease is associated with an elevated BMI both in adolescence and in adulthood, supporting the hypothesis that the processes causing incident coronary heart disease, particularly atherosclerosis, are more gradual than those resulting in incident diabetes. (Funded by the Chaim Sheba Medical Center and the Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps.).
Characterization of 5-HT receptors in the parasitic nematode, Ascaris suum

The pharmacological profiles of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors on Ascaris suum pharyngeal and somatic body wall muscles were investigated. The mechanisms involved following activation of these receptors were also studied. 5-HT activated and maintained pumping in isolated pharynxes with an EC-50 value of 44±1·7μM. The 5-HT agonists, tryptamine, sumatriptan 8-OH-DPAT and 5-carboxyamidotryptamine all failed to stimulate pumping. The 5-HT2 antagonist, ketanserin, initially excited and then inhibited pumping while the 5-HT3 antagonist, ondansetron, had no effect. 5-HT and 5-HT agonists, 8-OH-DPAT, 5-carboxyamidotryptamine, α-methyl-5-HT and tryptamine all inhibited ACh-induced contractions of a somatic body wall muscle strip. Ketanserin partially blocked the inhibitory effect of α-methyl-5-HT and ACh-induced contractions while the 5-HT uptake blocker, fluoxetine, potentiated the effect of 5-HT on ACh-induced contractions. Basal levels of cAMP, 1540±232pmol/mg, in pharyngeal muscle and 1721±134pmol/mg, somatic body wall muscle, were both increased by forskolin. 5-HT had no effect on pharyngeal muscle cAMP levels but raised cAMP levels in somatic body wall muscle, e.g. 100μM 5-HT, raised the level to 2851±212pmol/mg and 1000μM raised levels to 4578±1234pmol/mg. , 1000μM, increased inositol phosphate levels in pharyngeal muscle. These results provide some evidence for a 5-HT2-like receptor on pharyngeal muscle. In contrast, the situation on somatic body wall muscle is more confusing since the pharmacological profile partly indicates a 5-HT2-like receptor but this receptor is linked to a rise in cAMP levels. Further studies are required to resolve the position but they must be based on the rational design of ligands specifically for nematode 5-HT receptors and not simply using ligands developed for the classification of mammalian 5-HT receptors. Such a design must take into account data from molecular biology studies of nematode 5-HT receptors.
Optical Probe for Nondestructive Wafer-Scale Characterization of Photonic Elements

This letter describes fabrication and operation of a microfabricated photonic waveguide loop probe for nondestructive evanescent coupling and localized testing of nanophotonic devices and circuits. A microfabricated silicon (Si) waveguide (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\approx 300$ </tex-math></inline-formula> nm <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times \approx 260$ </tex-math></inline-formula> nm cross section) loop forming a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\approx 10\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> diameter half-circle is suspended in air at the tip of a cantilever extending from a single-mode fiber-connectorized silicon on insulator chip (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\approx 1.5$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times \approx 3.5$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm). The probe is designed for use with commercial scanning probe microscopes (SPM) for accurate positioning, controlled optical coupling, and chip-scale and wafer-scale testing. We demonstrate this by performing spectroscopy on a Si microdisk optical cavity with an optical quality factor of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\approx 10^{6}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The SPM enables precise measurement and stable control of sample-probe distance to vary the coupling rate from under- to over-coupled regimes.
Nucleotide sequence of the intergenic spacer and the 18S ribosomal RNA gene from mustard (Sinapis alba).

From a rRNA repeating unit (9.1 kbp) of mustard we have The DNA was sequenced according to the method of Maxam sequenced the first internal transcribed spacer, the 5.8S rRNA and Gilbert gene, and the second internal transcribed spacer [1]. Here, we present the nucleotide sequence of a 5500 bp fragment containing the 3 ' end terminus of the 25S gene (486 bp), the intergenic spacer REFERENCES (3204 bp), the 18S gene (1804 bp), and the first 6 nucleotides , R ^ ^ ^ c ^ ^ ( 1 9 8 9 ) Nucl Acids ^ 17, 7 5 2 2 of the first internal transcribed spacer. The coding regions have 2 Takmwa.F , Oono.K and Sugmra.M (1985) Plant Mol Biol 4,335-364 been determined in homology to the equivalent genes of rice [2]. 3 Maxam.A M. and Gilbert.w (1980) Methods m Enzymology 65,499-560
Homicides and Intimate Partner Violence

The purpose of this article is to examine the literature on intimate partner homicides (IPH). The review begins by describing the factors, magnitude, and consequences associated with IPH, focusing on studies from the United States. Second, the article discusses the public health implications of preventing IPH and the limitations associated with the IPH literature. Last, the article concludes with recommendations of IPH in terms of practice, policy, and research.
A package-level driver amplifier with 134% relative bandwidth

A CMOS package-level driver amplifier is presented. Since the inductor-less inter-stage matching network is utilized to enhance the bandwidth, the driver amplifier works from 0.72 ∼ 3.65 GHz with 134% relative bandwidth. Bonding wires for package are modeled using coupled lumped components and designed as parts of matching networks to enhance the power gain. The measured power gain is 27 dB with output referred P1dB is 8 dBm. The chip is fabricated in 65 nm CMOS technology, and ESD protection circuit is integrated. The size of the chip is 0.63 × 0.68 mm2.
Modeling Low Dose Rate Effects in Shallow Trench Isolation Oxides

Low dose rate experiments on field-oxide-field-effect-transistors (FOXFETs) fabricated in a 90 nm CMOS technology indicate that there is a dose rate enhancement factor (EF) associated with radiation-induced degradation. One dimensional (1-D) numerical calculations are used to investigate the key mechanisms responsible for the dose rate dependent buildup of radiation-induced defects in shallow trench isolation (STI) oxides. Calculations of damage EF indicate that oxide thickness, distribution of hole traps and hole capture cross-section affect dose rate sensitivity. The dose rate sensitivity of STI oxides is compared with the sensitivity of bipolar base oxides using model calculations.
Magnetic and relaxation properties of multifunctional polymer‐based nanostructured bioferrofluids as MRI contrast agents

A series of maghemite/polymer composite ferrofluids with variable magnetic core size, which show a good efficiency as MRI contrast agents, are presented. These ferrofluids are biocompatible and can be proposed as possible platforms for multifunctional biomedical applications, as they contain anchoring groups for biofunctionalization, can incorporate fluorescent dyes, and have shown low cellular toxicity. The magnetic properties of the ferrofluids have been determined by means of magnetization and ac susceptibility measurements as a function of temperature and frequency. The NMR dispersion profiles show that the low frequency behavior of the longitudinal relaxivity r1 is well described by the heuristic model of 1H nuclear relaxation induced by superparamagnetic nanoparticles proposed by Roch and co‐workers. The contrast efficiency parameter, i.e., the nuclear transverse relaxivity r2, for samples with d > 10 nm assumes values comparable with or better than the ones of commercial samples, the best results obtained in particles with the biggest magnetic core, d = 15 nm. The contrast efficiency results are confirmed by in vitro MRI experiments at ν = 8.5 MHz, thus allowing us to propose a set of optimal microstructural parameters for multifunctional ferrofluids to be used in MRI medical diagnosis. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Novel Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Exon 4 of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Associated with Production Traits in Bali Cattle

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is one of the gene candidates that can be used in selection strategy by using DNA markers (marker assisted selection). Gene candidate strategy is a molecular biology techniques to identify quantitative trait loci directly, with the assumption that genetic variation associated to quantitative trait variation. This study was designed to identify any new mutations in exon 4 that can cause the IGF-1 gene polymorphism and then affect the production traits on Bali cattle. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery was conducted by using the direct sequencing technique. Genetic variation of the genes candidate was identified by using PCR-RFLP technique. The results of this study indicate the presence of a new SNP in exon 4 of IGF-1 gene caused by the T/C transition, which can be identified using Rsa1 restriction enzyme. Genotypic polymorphism of IGF-1/Rsa1 has a significant influence on birth weight, weaning weight and average daily gain of Bali cattle. CC genotype had a birth weight rate, weaning weight and average daily gain of: 15.64±1.83; 83.15±9.00, and 0.439±0.07 respectively, higher than the TT and CT genotype. IGF-1/Rsa1 can be used as a genetic marker for selection of birth weight, weaning weight, and daily body weight gain.
Occurrence of herpes‐ and adenovirus antibodies in patients with carcinoma of the cervix uteri.Measurement of antibodies to herpesvirus hominis (types 1 and 2), cytomegalovirus, EB‐virus, and adenovirus

One hundred thirty‐five sera from patients with newly diagnosed, untreated cervical cancer and 115 sera from healthy women matched for age and socioeconomic background have been examined for antibodies to Herpesvirus hominis (types 1 and 2), cytomegalovirus, EB‐virus and adenovirus. Eighty‐five per cent of the patients with cervical cancer had antibodies to Herpesvirus hominis type 2 compared to 47% in the control group. The incidences of antibodies to cytomegalovirus and EB‐virus were significantly greater in the sera from patients with cervical cancer than in control sera. The incidence of antibodies to adenovirus was the same for both groups. The incidences of antibodies were not correlated to the clinical stages of the disease. In the control group, antibodies to Herpesvirus hominis type 2 and EB‐virus were found with higher incidence among women with low socioeconomic background than in women from higher social classes. Such a correlation was not seen in patients with cervical cancer.
Social Jetlag, Chronotype, and Cardiometabolic Risk.

CONTEXT Shift work, which imposes a habitual disruption in the circadian system, has been linked to increased incidence of cardiometabolic diseases, and acute circadian misalignment alters various metabolic processes. However, it remains unclear whether day-to-day circadian dysregulation contributes to these risks beyond poor sleep and other behavioral characteristics. OBJECTIVE Individuals differ in circadian phase preference, known as chronotype, but may be constrained by modern work obligations to specific sleep schedules. Individuals experience social jetlag (SJL) due to a habitual discrepancy between their endogenous circadian rhythm and actual sleep times imposed by social obligations. Here, we examined whether chronotype and/or SJL associate with components of cardiovascular disease risk beyond the known effects of sleep disturbances, poor health behaviors, and depressive symptomatology. DESIGN Participants were healthy, midlife adults who worked part- or full-time day shifts (n = 447; mean age, 42.7 [range, 30-54] y; 53% female; 83% white). Chronotype was assessed with the Composite Scale of Morningness. SJL was quantified as the difference (in minutes) between the midpoints of actigraphy-derived sleep intervals before work vs non-workdays. RESULTS Multiple regression analyses showed that SJL related to a lower high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level, higher triglycerides, higher fasting plasma insulin, insulin resistance, and adiposity (P < .05), even after adjustment for subjective sleep quality, actigraphy-derived sleep characteristics, depressive symptomatology, and health behaviors. Evening chronotype associated with lower high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol after adjustment for covariates. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that a misalignment of sleep timing is associated with metabolic risk factors that predispose to diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.