Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kırsal Bölgelerdeki Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Matematik Kaygı ve Tutumları: Korelasyonel Bir Araştırma

Mevcut Bu arastirmada, kirsal bolgelerde ogrenim goren ortaokul ogrencilerinin matematik kaygi ve tutumlari arasindaki iliski incelendi. Arastirma, iki temel degisken arasinda bir iliski olabilecegi dusuncesinden hareketle iliskisel desende tasarlandi. Arastirmanin evreni, 2012-2013 ogretim yilinda Konya ili Meram ilcesi sinirlarinda bulunan ve kirsal diye nitelendirilen ortaokullarda ogrenim goren ogrencilerden olusmaktadir. Egitim bolgeleri temelinde tabakali orneklemeyle belirlenen bes ortaokulda ogrenim goren toplam 726 ogrenci arastirma orneklemini olusturdu. Arastirma verileri, Matematik Kaygi Olcegi ve Matematik Tutum Olcegi kullanilarak elde edildi. Verilerin cozumlenmesinde korelasyon ve coklu regresyon analizi kullanildi. Bulgular kirsal bolgelerde ogrenim goren ortaokul ogrencilerinin, matematik kaygi ve tutumlari arasinda negatif yonde iliski oldugunu ortaya koydu. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kirsal, matematik tutumu, matematik kaygisi
Hydro-thermo-mechanical Behavior of Concrete at Elevated Temperatures

In the light of recent tragic events, such as, natural disasters, arson and terrorism, studying the thermo mechanical behavior of concrete at elevated temperatures has become of special concern. In addition, the fact that concrete has been widely used as a structural material in many critical applications, such as high rise buildings, pressure vessels, and nuclear plants, enhances the potential risk of exposing concrete to high temperatures. Accordingly, the potential damage to large-scale structures during the course of the fire, besides the possible loss of human life, emphasizes the necessity to better understand the thermo-structural behavior and failure mechanism of concrete exposed to elevated temperatures. In this study, a one-dimensional model that describes coupled heat and mass transfer phenomena in heated concrete was developed. The mathematical model is based on the fully implicit finite difference scheme. The control volume approach was employed in the formulation of the finite difference equations. The primary variables considered in the analysis are temperature, vapor density, and pore pressure of the gaseous mixture. Several phenomena have been taken into account, such as evaporation, condensation, and dehydration process. Temperature, pressure, and moisture dependent properties of both gaseous and solid phases were also considered. Moreover, the proposed model is capable of predicting pore pressure values with a sufficient accuracy, which could be significantly important for the prediction of spalling and fire resistance of concrete. The two dimensional coupled heat and mass transfer problem was then studied by extending the proposed one dimensional model so that it can be applicable in solving two-dimensional problems. Output from the numerical model showed that the maximum values of temperature, pressure, and moisture content occur in the corner zone of the concrete cross section, in which the pore pressure builds up right next to the moisture pocket towards the center. In addition, the model demonstrates
Grain boundary migration in metals : thermodynamics, kinetics, applications

Thermodynamics of Grain Boundaries Introductory Remarks Thermodynamics of Surfaces Experiments Applications of Grain Boundary Thermodynamics The Equilibrium Shape of Grain Boundaries Structure of Grain Boundaries Terminology and Definitions Atomic Structure of Grain Boundaries Grain Boundary Motion Fundamentals Driving Forces for Grain Boundary Migration Drag Effects During Grain Boundary Motion Measurement of Grain Boundary Mobility Experimental Results Effect of Wetting Phase Transitions on Grain Boundary Migration Compensation Effect in Grain Boundary Motion Mechanisms of Grain Boundary Migration Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Connected Grain Boundaries Microstructural Elements of Polycrystals Thermodynamics of Triple Junctions Motion of a Grain Boundary System with Triple Junctions Triple Junctions Motion in the Presence of Impurities Experimental Investigations of Triple Junction Motion Triple Junction Drag and Grain Growth in 2D Polycrystals Grain Growth in 3D Systems Kinetics of Grain Growth Inhibited by Vacancy Generation Computer Simulation of Grain Boundary Motion Introduction Driving Force Concepts Migration of [001] Twist Grain Boundaries Motion of Tilt Boundaries Compensation Effect Comparison with Experiments Grain Boundary Diffusion Atomic Mechanisms Simulation of Triple Junction Motion Applications Characterization of Microstructure and Texture Recrystallization and Grain Growth On Precipitation Controlled Grain Size Mechanisms on Retardation of Grain Growth Grain Boundary Junction Engineering Appendices Solutions References
Restricted Attentional Capacity within but Not between Sensory Modalities: An Individual Differences Approach

Background Most people show a remarkable deficit to report the second of two targets when presented in close temporal succession, reflecting an attentional blink (AB). An aspect of the AB that is often ignored is that there are large individual differences in the magnitude of the effect. Here we exploit these individual differences to address a long-standing question: does attention to a visual target come at a cost for attention to an auditory target (and vice versa)? More specifically, the goal of the current study was to investigate a) whether individuals with a large within-modality AB also show a large cross-modal AB, and b) whether individual differences in AB magnitude within different modalities correlate or are completely separate. Methodology/Principal Findings While minimizing differential task difficulty and chances for a task-switch to occur, a significant AB was observed when targets were both presented within the auditory or visual modality, and a positive correlation was found between individual within-modality AB magnitudes. However, neither a cross-modal AB nor a correlation between cross-modal and within-modality AB magnitudes was found. Conclusion/Significance The results provide strong evidence that a major source of attentional restriction must lie in modality-specific sensory systems rather than a central amodal system, effectively settling a long-standing debate. Individuals with a large within-modality AB may be especially committed or focused in their processing of the first target, and to some extent that tendency to focus could cross modalities, reflected in the within-modality correlation. However, what they are focusing (resource allocation, blocking of processing) is strictly within-modality as it only affects the second target on within-modality trials. The findings show that individual differences in AB magnitude can provide important information about the modular structure of human cognition.
Factors Affecting Reward Allocation by Preschool Children.

PETERSON, CANDIDA; PETERSON, JAMES; and McDoNALD, NANCY. Factors Affecting Reward Allocation by Preschool Children. CHmL DEVELOPMENT, 1975, 46, 942-947. Stories about unequal work performances were presented to 3and 4-year-old children who then allocated either 10 or 4 pieces of candy to the performers. In both cases, equal divisions of reward were more common than equitable divisions, and in the 4-candy condition subjects who could count and halve 4 items were more likely to give equal allocations consistently. An attempt was made to reconcile these results with earlier studies of reward allocation by preschoolers.
Deficient spatial memory induced by blockade of beta-adrenoceptors in the hippocampal CA1 region.

A previous study showed that intra-CAl infusion of the beta-adrenergic antagonist DL-propranolol interfered with consolidation of memory for contextual fear conditioning (J.-Z. Ji, X.-M. Wang, & B.-M. Li, 2003). The present study investigated the effect of similarly administered DL-propranolol on consolidation of spatial memory for the water maze. DL-propranolol infused 5 min, but not 6 hr, posttraining caused a deficit in 48-hr memory for the spatial water maze task, whereas similarly administered D-propranolol, which has an equipotent "local-anesthetic" activity but significantly lower beta-blocking activity, induced no amnesia. However, DL-propranolol administered 5 min posttraining did not impair 48-hr memory for the cued water maze task. Thus, beta-adrenoceptor in area CA1 is involved in regulating consolidation of spatial memory for the water maze.
A 31-Day-Old Infant With Late-Onset Sepsis and Complicated Pneumonia Due to Streptococcus pyogenes

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) was a major cause of neonatal sepsis before the antibiotic era, but its incidence declined with the availability of antibiotics and improved perinatal infection prevention measures. It is now a rare cause of neonatal sepsis. Streptococcus pyogenes sepsis in early infancy can be associated with a variety of complications. Complicated pneumonia (pneumonia with effusion, empyema, or necrosis) has been reported in 3 bacteremic infants with earlyonset sepsis. This is the first report of complicated pneumonia in lateonset sepsis due to S pyogenes. Although an unusual cause of sepsis in the first months of life, GAS remains an important pathogen for the delivering mother and newborn infant. As this case illustrates, complications of GAS late-onset sepsis, including complicated pneumonia, can develop. This pathogen should be considered in the evaluation of the ill newborn and young infant.
COMMUNITY VIOLENCE AND REACTIVE AND PROACTIVE AGGRESSION: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF COGNITIVE AND EMOTIONAL VARIABLES/ VIOLENCIA COMUNITARIA Y AGRESIÓN REACTIVA Y PROACTIVA: EL PAPEL MEDIACIONAL DE LAS VARIABLES COGNITIVAS Y EMOCIONALES/ VIOLÊNCIA ...

Children exposed to higher levels of violence tend to be more aggressive. Specific mechanisms explaining this relationship are still being uncovered. This study sought to identify the relationship between exposure to community violence and reactive and proactive aggression, as well as cognitive and emotional variables mediating this relationship. Participants were 1,235 students (from fifth to ninth grade) from localities of Bogota, Colombia, with varying levels of community violence. Analyses of self-reported measures confirmed significant associations between exposure to community violence and both reactive and proactive aggression. Normative beliefs supporting aggression, hostile attribution of intent, positive expectations for aggression, and lack of guilt after aggression, partially mediated these relationships, suggesting strategies for prevention.
Effects of Xiexin Tang on educing the Level of Blood Glucose in Animal models of Normal and Diabetes Mellitus

Effects of Xiexin Tang on the level of blood glucose in serial animal models of normal and diabetes mellitus were studied,and its mechanism on reducing blood glucose were preliminarily explored.Fasting blood glucose(FBG) in normal mice,alloxan induced hyperglycemia or diabetes mellitus (DM),two hours blood glucose (2hBG) after oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)in rats by dexamethasone(DX) induced insulin resistance (IR) and impaired glucose tolerance(IGT) were determined.Results showed the formula can inhibit the hyperglycemia by ALX induced mice,decrease level of FBG in normal and DM mice obviously,improve IGT by DX induced IR rats,reduce FBG and 2hBG after OGTT.The formula has a similar hypoglycemic action of metformin and gliclazide.
Overcoming difficulties in Bayesian reasoning: A reply to Lewis and Keren (1999) and Mellers and McGraw (1999).

Bayesian reasoning can be improved by representing information in frequency formats rather than in probabilities. This thesis opens up applications in medicine, law, statistics education, and other fields. The beneficial effect is no longer in dispute, but rather its cause and its boundary conditions. C. Lewis and G. Keren (1999) argued that the effect of frequency formats is due to "joint statements" rather than to "frequency statements. " However, they overlooked the fact that our thesis is about frequency formats, not just any kind of frequency statements. We show that joint statements alone cannot account for the effect. B. A. Mellers and A. P. McGraw (1999) proposed a boundary condition under which the beneficial effect is reduced. In a reanalysis of our original data, we found this reduction for the problem they used but not for any other problem. We conclude by summarizing results indicating that teaching frequency representations fosters insight into Bayesian reasoning. Degrees of uncertainty can be represented in various ways, including probability and frequency formats. Let us first illustrate a frequency format and how it improves Bayesian reasoning in medical experts. We asked a sample of 48 physicians with an average of 14 years of professional experience, including private practitioners, university professors, and clinic directors (Hoffrage & Gigerenzer, 1998), to make inferences about the presence of a disease given a positive result for four routinely used medical diagnostic tests. One was mammography. The relevant information (concerning a population of women aged 40 years) was presented to half of the physicians in a probability format, which can be summarized as follows: The probability of breast cancer is 1%; the probability of a positive test given breast cancer is 80%; and the probability of a positive test given no breast cancer is 10%. The question was What is the probability that a woman who tests positive actually has breast cancer? The other half of the physicians in the study received the same information in a frequency format: 10 of every 1,000 women have breast cancer; 8 of those 10 women with breast cancer will test positive; and 99 of the 990 women without breast cancer will also test positive. The question was How many of those who test positive actually have breast cancer? When the information concerning mammography and breast cancer was presented in a probability format, only 8% of the physicians gave an estimate close to that yielded by Bayes's rule (i.e., .075). When the information was presented in a frequency format, in contrast, 46% of them arrived at the Bayesian response. This beneficial effect of the frequency format on physicians' judgments was obtained in each of the four diagnostic tasks. Thus, frequency formats help to improve Bayesian reasoning not only in
Quality Practices of Anatomic Pathology Labs in Vietnam

[Graphic][1] Vietnam's economic growth has rapidly increased over the past couple of decades. Thanks to positive changes in international diplomatic relations, medicine in general has benefited from meaningful foreign aid, investment, and cooperation. Along with that, education and self-awareness about health and diseases are expanding in the larger population, which is a promising sign. In Vietnam, however, pathology has remained a mysterious medical field, due to inadequate recognition and support. In 2014, we conducted an inspection trip to 16 anatomic pathology labs from northern to southern Vietnam to investigate the current state of the quality practices, and identify the key issues and opportunities for possible solutions. First, in Vietnam, the entire field of pathology is represented by anatomic pathology, with clinical pathology as a subdivision. Laboratory services, including chemistry, microbiology, hematology, cytogenetics, blood banking, and transfusion, are managed by different departments, which often means that the vocabulary of quality practice is unfamiliar to Vietnamese pathologists. In 2014,1 the number of physicians per 10,000 was 7.8, with approximately one pathologist for every 179,000 persons, compared to one for every 19,232 persons in the United States.2 Ha Noi (in the north) and Ho Chi Minh City (in the south) are the only cities that have large teaching hospitals, with six to 10 pathologists in house. These hospitals also serve as referral centers, as patients often bypass provincial hospitals in order to go to the city for care. The remaining centers may have from one to three pathologists; usually there are none in primary hospitals. [Graphic][2] ! [Graphic][3] This paucity of pathologists mainly comes from under-appreciation of the profession.4 The critical value of pathology in patient care3 is not publicly recognized. The interaction between physicians and pathologists is minimal. For example, one hospital installed a new cryostat for intraoperative frozen section but only … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Chromosome preparation and analysis of early chorionic villus cells in 116 cases

Objective: To explore the value of chromosomal preparation of chorionic villus cells conducted by cultivation method in prenatal diagnosis and spontaneous abortion.Methods: Chromosome preparation and analysis of early chorionic villus cells in 21 samples of prenatal diagnosis and 95 cases of spontaneous abortion.Results: Among prenatal diagnosis cases,chorionic villus was successfully cultured in 20 cases(95.2%) and five abnormal embryo karyotypes were identified.Of other cases of spontaneous abortion,the successful cell culture rate was 92.6%,abnormal chromosome detection rate was 48.9%,antosomal triploids and X monosomy were common.Conclusion: The method of culture and chromosome preparation of villis is stable and reliable.It is feasible to use these methods in the prenatal cytogenetic diagnose and detection the reason of spontaneous abortion.
Sosyal Bilgiler Dersinde Animasyon İçeren ve İçermeyen 5E Modeli’nin Öğrencilerin Başarı ve Tutumuna Etkisi

This study examined the effect of 5E learning model with and without animations on students’ achievement and attitudes in fourth grade Social Studies through quasi-experimental design. The participants were 49 fourth grade students from a primary school in Kocaeli, Turkey. The students came from three classrooms, two of which were experiment and the third was the control group. In the first experiment group, instruction was carried out in accordance with the 5E learning model for five weeks. In the second experiment group, in addition to the 5E model, animations were used; and in control group, program based instruction was implemented. As data collection tools, Social Studies achievement test, attitude scale and animation opinion scale were used. Analyses were conducted using nonparametric Kruskal Wallis and Wilcoxon test in SPSS 18. The results showed that in terms of Social Studies achievement, all three groups significantly improved from pre-test to post-test; however, there were not any significant differences among the three groups’ post-test scores. In terms of attitudes towards Social Studies, the two experiment groups showed significant improvement from pre-test to post-test; however, there was no significant difference between control group’s pre-test and post-test scores. Students in the 2. experiment group who took the animation opinion scale have expressed that animations are informative, encouraging and satisfying.
Influence of Kinesio Taping for Stroke's Ankle Joint versus Ankle-Foot Orthosis on Muscle Stimulation and Gait Ability in Stroke's Foot Drop

The aim of this study was to evaluate Kinesio Taping can improve muscle activity, joint angle, gait ability in patients with stroke suffering foot drop. Total 25 patients were selected as subjects of this study and were divided into two groups. Experimental group participated in the Kinesio Taping on ankle joint with treadmill walking, while control group wore AFO on ankle joint with treadmill walking for 4 weeks, 30 minutes per session, three times per week. In two groups, muscle activity was measured using the EMG, joint angle was measured using the Dartfish program, and gait ability was measured using the 10meter walking test before training and after 4-week training. Experiment group showed a statistically significant improvement muscle activity, joint angle, gait ability compared to control group in 4 week. Application of Kinesio taping has a more positive effect on the muscle activity, joint angle, gait ability than AFO of the patients with stroke suffering foot drop.
Metabolic Syndrome is Associated with Low Adiponectin Level and Increased Insulin Resistance in Apparently Healthy Koreans

배경: 저아디포넥틴혈증이 대사증후군의 발생과 유의한 연 과성이 있다는 연구 결과들이 있는데 한국인에서 건강한 성인 을 대상으로 한 연구는 부족하다. 본 연구는 건강한 성인에서 아디포넥틴과 대사증후군 및 그 구성요소와 어떤 연관성을 가 지는지 알아보기 위하여 시행되었다. 방법: 분당 지역에 거주하는 30~59세의 과거 병력이 전혀 없는 건강한 남성 256명, 여성 340명을 대상으로 하였다. 아디 포넥틴과 대사증후군 및 구성요소의 연관성을 알아보기 위하 여 로지스틱 회귀분석을 시행하였다. 결과: 연구대상자의 평균 연령은 남성 43.4 ± 8.1, 여성 44.3 ± 8.1이었으며, 대사증후군으로 진단된 남성과 여성 모두 에서 아디포넥틴 농도가 유의하게 낮았고 인슐린 저항성은 유 의하게 높았다. 남성과 여성 모두에서 대사증후군의 구성요소 를 많이 가질수록 아디포넥틴 농도는 비례하여 감소하였고, log HOMA-IR score는 비례하여 증가하였다. 아디포넥틴 농 도가 가장 높은 삼분위수 집단을 기준으로 하였을 때 아디포 넥틴 농도가 가장 낮은 삼분위수 집단에서 대사증후군의 교차 비는 남성 3.56 (95% CI 1.83~6.91), 여성 6.38 (95% CI 2.35~17.3)로 유의하게 높았으며 아디포넥틴 농도가 증가함에 따라서 대사증후군의 교차비가 감소하는 용량반응관계를 보여 주었다 (P for trend < 0.05) 이러한 연관성은 남성의 경우 나 이, 체질량지수(BMI), log HOMA-IR score을 보정한 후에도 여전히 유의하였으나, 여성에서는 유의성이 사라졌다. ABSTRACT
A Cross-sectional Study to Assess the Knowledge and Attitude of the Private Dental Practitioners toward the Treatment of HIV/AIDS Infected Individuals.

Background: Dentists have an ethical responsibility to provide treatment to HIV-infected patients, particularly because oral lesions are common among these patients. However, there are no official guidelines as to how to treat people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWHA) HIV/ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or how to screen for potentially infectious people. It is obvious that having adequate knowledge about HIV/AIDS enhances confidence in ability to manage infected patients. The present study was conducted to assess self-reported knowledge and attitude of the private dental practitioners toward the treatment of HIV/AIDS infected individuals. Materials and Method: The present study was a Questionnaire based study which studied the factors associated with “Self-reported knowledge and Attitude of the private Dental Practitioners toward the treatment of HIV/AIDS infected individuals”. Results: The willingness to treat patients with HIV was found to be 72.0% among the dental practitioners in the present study but majority (64%) of the dentists thought that treating an HIV patient would have an effect on the other patient’s attitude in rendering treatment/dental care from them. Also, majority (70.0%) of the dentists thought that infection control procedures necessary for treatment of the patients with HIV is not a financial burden for the practice. Conclusion: The level of knowledge regarding HIV and AIDS was found to be average in the present study. However, the dental school curriculum must, be updated and improved in order to enhance the knowledge of students as well teachers in those aspects.