Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measuring Programmer Productivity and Software Quality

Measurement. Productivity. Quality. Quality Control. Complexity Metrics. Correctness Metrics. Efficiency Metrics. Flexibility Metrics. Integrity Metrics. Interoperability Metrics. Maintainability Metrics. Portability Metrics. Reliability Metrics. Reusability Metrics. Structure Metrics. Testability Metrics. Usability Metrics. Application of Software Metrics. Programming Style. IBM Assembler Language Metrics. COBOL Metrics. PL/I Language Metrics. Implementing Software Measurement. Appendixes. Index.
Divide-and-Conquer Multiple Sequence Alignment

Graduiertenkolleg Strukturbildungs− prozesse Divide-and-Conquer Multiple Sequen e Alignment J. Stoye, S. W. Perrey, A. W. M. Dress Basi Prin iple We present a fast heuristi algorithm for multiple sequen e alignment [1,2℄: Divide-and-Conquer Multiple Sequen e Alignment (DCA). Figure 1 shows the method in a s hemati way: The sequen es are divided at appropriate positions near to their midpoint. This way, the problem of aligning one family of sequen es is redu ed to that of aligning two sequen e families, ea h of sequen es of approximately only half the length. After reiterating this division pro edure sufiently often, the subsequen es are suÆ iently short, say, shorter than a threshold L, and an be aligned optimally.
Incremental speech understanding in a multimodal web-based spoken dialogue system

In most spoken dialogue systems, the human speaker interacting with the system must wait until after finishing speaking to find out whether his or her speech has been accurately understood. The verbal and nonverbal indicators of understanding typical in human-to-human interaction are generally nonexistent in automated systems, resulting in an interaction that feels unnatural to the human user. However, as automatic speech recognition gets incorporated into web-based and portable interfaces, there are now graphical means in addition to the verbal means by which a spoken dialogue system can communicate to the user. In this thesis, we present a multimodal web-based spoken dialogue system that incorporates incremental understanding of human speech. Through incremental understanding, the system can display to the user its current understanding of specific concepts in real-time while the user is still in the process of uttering a sentence. In addition, the user can interact with the system through nonverbal input modalities such as typing and mouse clicking. We evaluate the results of a comparative user study in which one group uses a configuration that receives incremental concept understanding, while another group uses a configuration that lacks this feature. We found that the group receiving incremental updates had a greater task completion rate and overall user satisfaction. Thesis Supervisor: James R. Glass Title: Principal Research Scientist Thesis Supervisor: Stephanie Seneff Title: Principal Research Scientist
Apprentissage discriminant pour les Grammaires à Substitution d’Arbres

Les grammaires stochastiques standards utilisent des modèles probabilistes de nature générative, fondés sur des probabilités de récriture conditionnées par le symbole récrit. Les expériences montrent qu’elles tendent ainsi par nature à pénaliser les dérivations les plus longues pour une meme entrée, ce qui n’est pas forcément un comportement souhaitable, ni en analyse syntaxique, ni en reconnaissance de la parole. Dans cet article, nous proposons une approche probabiliste non-générative du modèle STSG (grammaire stochastique à substitution d’arbres), selon laquelle les probabilités sont conditionnées par les feuilles des arbres syntaxiques plutot que par leur racine, et qui par nature fait appel à un apprentissage discriminant. Plusieurs expériences sur ce modèle sont présentées.
Rates of convergence for Markov chains associated with Dirichlet processes.

We argue that Monte Carlo algorithms are ideally suited to parallel computing, and that “parallel Monte Carlo” should be more widely used. We consider a number of issues that arise, including dealing with slow or unreliable computers. We also discuss the possibilities of parallel Markov chain Monte Carlo. We illustrate our results with actual computer experiments.
MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS WEB DAN FLASH UNTUK MATA KULIAH RISET OPERASI DI JURUSAN PTI, UNDIKSHA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan mengimplementasikan Program Aplikasi berbasis Web Mata Kuliah Riset Operasi di Jurusan Pendidikan Teknik Informatika, serta mendeskripsikan respon mahasiswa terhadap program aplikasi yang dikembangkan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan yang pelaksanaannya menggunakan model Borg and Gall yang dikombinasikan dengan metode SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) dengan Waterfall-based Model untuk pengembangan perangkat lunaknya. Program Aplikasi berbasis Web dikembangkan dengan PHP sebagai bahasa pemrograman dan MySQL sebagai basis datanya. Untuk media flash dikembangkan dengan Adobe Flash. Berdasarkan data hasil respon 50 orang mahasiswa yang sedang mengambil mata kuliah riset operasi, rerata yang ditunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa memberikan respon sangat positif dan positif secara berimbang terhadap media pembelajaran yang dikembangkan. Berdasarkan kalkulasi dari hasil respon berdasarkan pernyataan, diperoleh rata-rata respon mahasiswa masuk ke dalam kategori positif.
High-precision Monte Carlo modelling of galaxy distribution

We revisit the case of fast Monte Carlo simulations of galaxy positions for a non-Gaussian field. More precisely, we address the question of generating a 3D field with a given one-point function (e.g. log-normal) and some power spectrum fixed by cosmology. We highlight and investigate a problem that occurs in the log-normal case when the field is filtered, and we identify a regime where this approximation still holds. However, we show that the filtering is unnecessary if aliasing effects are taken into account and the discrete sampling step is carefully controlled. In this way we demonstrate a sub-percent precision of all our spectra up to the Nyquist frequency. We extend the method to generate a full light cone evolution, comparing two methods for this process, and validate our method with a tomographic analysis. We analytically and numerically investigate the structure of the covariance matrices obtained with such simulations which may be useful for future large and deep surveys.
Metric completion of $Diff([0,1])$ with the $H1$ right-invariant metric

We consider the group of smooth increasing diffeomorphisms Diff on the unit interval endowed with the right-invariant $H^1$ metric. We compute the metric completion of this space which appears to be the space of increasing maps of the unit interval with boundary conditions at $0$ and $1$. We compute the lower-semicontinuous envelope associated with the length minimizing geodesic variational problem. We discuss the Eulerian and Lagrangian formulation of this relaxation and we show that smooth solutions of the EPDiff equation are length minimizing for short times.
A piezoelectric based energy harvester interface for a CMOS wireless sensor IC

Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia Departamento de Engenharia Electrotecnica e de Computadores Mestrado em Engenharia Electrotecnica de e Computadores by Nuno Lemos Braamcamp de Mancelos In this thesis a piezoelectric energy harvesting system, responsible for regulating the power output of a piezoelectric transducer subjected to ambient vibration, is designed to power an RF receiver with a 6 mW power consumption. The electrical characterisation of the chosen piezoelectric transducer is the starting point of the design, which subsequently presents a full-bridge crosscoupled rectifier that rectifies the AC output of the transducer and a lowdropout regulator responsible for delivering a constant voltage system output of 0.6 V, with low voltage ripple, which represents the receiver’s required supply voltage. The circuit is designed using CMOS 130 nm UMC technology, and the system presents an inductorless architecture, with reduced area and cost. The electrical simulations run for the complete circuit lead to the conclusion that the proposed piezoelectric energy harvesting system is a plausible solution to power the RF receiver, provided that the chosen transducer is subjected to moderate levels of vibration.
Metrics and Motivations for Earth–Space VLBI: Time-resolving Sgr A* with the Event Horizon Telescope

Very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) at frequencies above 230 GHz with Earth-diameter baselines gives spatial resolution finer than the ∼50 μas “shadow” of the supermassive black hole at the Galactic Center, Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*). Imaging static and dynamical structure near the “shadow” provides a test of general relativity and may allow measurement of black hole parameters. However, traditional Earth-rotation synthesis is inapplicable for sources (such as Sgr A*) with intraday variability. Expansions of ground-based arrays to include space-VLBI stations may enable imaging capability on timescales comparable to the prograde innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) of Sgr A*, which is predicted to be 4–30 minutes, depending on black hole spin. We examine the basic requirements for space VLBI, and we develop tools for simulating observations with orbiting stations. We also develop a metric to quantify the imaging capabilities of an array irrespective of detailed image morphology or reconstruction method. We validate this metric on example reconstructions of simulations of Sgr A* at 230 and 345 GHz, and use these results to motivate expanding the Event Horizon Telescope to include small dishes in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). We demonstrate that high-sensitivity sites such as the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) make it viable to add small orbiters to existing ground arrays, as space-ALMA baselines would have sensitivity comparable to ground-based non-ALMA baselines. We show that LEO-enhanced arrays sample half of the diffraction-limited Fourier plane of Sgr A* in less than 30 minutes, enabling reconstructions of near-horizon structure with a normalized root-mean-square error ≲0.3 on sub-ISCO timescales.
Through the Big Bang in inflationary cosmology

Singularities in General Relativity are regions where the description of spacetime in terms of a pseudo-Riemannian geometry breaks down. The theory seems unable to predict the evolution of the physical degrees of freedom around and beyond such regions. In a recent paper, the author and collaborators challenged this view by providing an example of a singularity at which Einstein's equations can be rewritten in a form that satisfies an existence and uniqueness theorem, thereby predicting that each solution can be continued uniquely through the singularity. This result was obtained under the assumption of homogeneity (but not isotropy), and requires the presence of a massless free scalar field. This paper extends the result to N scalar fields with a potential, the only requirement being that it does not grow too fast. In particular, the result is compatible with inflationary potentials, e.g. Starobinsky's. This brings us one step closer to the goal of extending the original result to realistic cosmologies.
Indistinguishability and the origins of contextuality in physics

In this work, we discuss a formal way of dealing with the properties of contextual systems. Our approach is to assume that properties describing the same physical quantity, but belonging to different measurement contexts, are indistinguishable in a strong sense. To construct the formal theoretical structure, we develop a description using quasi-set theory, which is a set-theoretical framework built to describe collections of elements that violate Leibnitz's principle of identity of indiscernibles. This framework allows us to consider a new ontology in order to study the properties of quantum systems. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Contextuality and probability in quantum mechanics and beyond’.
Adaptive learning rate clipping stabilizes learning

Artificial neural network training with gradient descent can be destabilized by ‘bad batches’ with high losses. This is often problematic for training with small batch sizes, high order loss functions or unstably high learning rates. To stabilize learning, we have developed adaptive learning rate clipping (ALRC) to limit backpropagated losses to a number of standard deviations above their running means. ALRC is designed to complement existing learning algorithms: Our algorithm is computationally inexpensive, can be applied to any loss function or batch size, is robust to hyperparameter choices and does not affect backpropagated gradient distributions. Experiments with CIFAR-10 supersampling show that ALCR decreases errors for unstable mean quartic error training while stable mean squared error training is unaffected. We also show that ALRC decreases unstable mean squared errors for scanning transmission electron microscopy supersampling and partial scan completion. Our source code is available at https://github.com/Jeffrey-Ede/ALRC.
Manuscript Processing Times Are Negatively Correlated with Journal Impact Factors / La corrélation négative entre les délais de traitement des manuscrits et les facteurs d’impact des revues scientifiques

A limited two-year time window is used to calculate a journal’s impact factor, which suggests that journals with faster publication times will have higher impact factors. To confirm this hypothesis, the manuscript processing times (median time to acceptance and median time to publication) were determined for articles from 42 journals selected from seven different research areas. Both acceptance time and publication time were found to be negatively correlated with impact factor. When analysed by research category, processing times were even more strongly negatively correlated with the group’s median impact factor. Le calcul du facteur d’impact se fait à partir d’une intervalle limitée de deux ans, ce qui donne à penser que les revues scientifiques dont les délais de publication sont plus courtes seront aussi celles qui jouiront des facteurs d’impact les plus élevés. Pour confirmer cette hypothèse, nous avons déterminé les délais de traitement des manuscrits (délai moyen d’acceptation et délai moyen de publication) pour les articles de 42 revues sélectionnées parmi sept domaines de recherche différents. Nous avons constaté une corrélation négative entre les deux délais d’acceptation et de publication et le facteur d’impact. Lors de l’analyse par domaine de recherche, nous avons constaté une corrélation encore plus fortement négative entre les délais de traitement et le facteur d’impact du groupe moyen.
Relativistic mechanism of chiral magnetic current in Weyl semimetals with tilted dispersion

The chiral magnetic effect is a one of the exotic bulk transport properties of the Weyl semimetals. Because of the Nielsen–Ninomiya ‘no-go theorem’, the total chiral magnetic current is absent in the equilibrium state. One of the mechanisms for generating this current is the chiral anomaly. This phenomenon is the anomalous nonconservation of chiral charge for massless relativistic particles. It can be realized by parallel magnetic and electric fields (∼), and it leads to such new transport phenomenon as the negative longitudinal magnetoresistance. Using a simple theory (we consider both a linearized and lattice model), we have shown, that in Weyl metals with tilted dispersion another mechanism of the chiral magnetic current is possible. It is not associated with the chiral anomaly. The new transport mechanism is based on the relativistic effect of electric field on Landau levels. This effect is that an electric field changes the distance between the Landau levels, and also changes the effective velocity along magnetic field. At the presence of a tilt in the spectrum, this velocity renormalization is different for different Weyl points. This leads to a non-zero resulting drift velocity. As a consequence, an electrical current arises along the magnetic field. The induced by this mechanism the electric current is proportional to the pseudoscalar product of the fields () and directed along the magnetic field, that differs it from the Hall current (∼). At the same time, the conductivity corresponding to this transport mechanism does not depend on the scattering time like the Hall conductivity. Thus, we have proposed a new anomalous transport mechanism in the Weyl semimetal, which is not associated with the chiral anomaly.
Fingerprint matching of beyond-WIMP dark matter: neural network approach

Improving observation of galactic-scale structure provide important clues to dark matter properties. While weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) provide cold dark matter on galactic scales, beyond-WIMP candidates suppress the galactic-scale structure formation. Nevertheless, directly constraining microscopic model parameters from observations involves an interdisciplinary and time-consuming procedure. In practice, some parametrizations of the linear matter power spectrum are introduced. The particle physics community calculates the linear matter power spectrum for a given model parameter set, while the astrophysics community places the constraint on the power spectrum parameters. If maps between the model parameters and the power spectrum parameters and maps between the power spectrum parameters and the likelihood (or observables) are shared among the two communities, they are very useful for both communities, e.g., making a constraint plot of the model parameter space. As suggested in the literature, however, it is necessary to introduce multiple parameters to precisely describe the linear matter power spectrum in a wide range of beyond-WIMP models. It challenges us to express and share the non-linear maps between multiple parameters. In this work, we propose utilizing the neural network technique to this end. The neural network technique is known to automatically express and efficiently share non-linear maps, although it is not as simple as analytic fitting formulas if available. To demonstrate how to work with a concrete example, we consider a simplified model of light feebly interacting massive particles and simple observables for galactic-scale structure. We also reveal the obtained neural networks through the arXiv website.
CMB Tensions with Low-Redshift H0 and S8 Measurements: Impact of a Redshift-Dependent Type-Ia Supernovae Intrinsic Luminosity

With the recent increase in precision of our cosmological datasets, measurements of Λ CDM model parameter provided by high- and low-redshift observations started to be in tension, i.e., the obtained values of such parameters were shown to be significantly different in a statistical sense. In this work we tackle the tension on the value of the Hubble parameter, H 0 , and the weighted amplitude of matter fluctuations, S 8 , obtained from local or low-redshift measurements and from cosmic microwave background (CMB) observations. We combine the main approaches previously used in the literature by extending the cosmological model and accounting for extra systematic uncertainties. With such analysis we aim at exploring non standard cosmological models, implying deviation from a cosmological constant driven acceleration of the Universe expansion, in the presence of additional uncertainties in measurements. In more detail, we reconstruct the Dark Energy equation of state as a function of redshift, while we study the impact of type-Ia supernovae (SNIa) redshift-dependent astrophysical systematic effects on these tensions. We consider a SNIa intrinsic luminosity dependence on redshift due to the star formation rate in its environment, or the metallicity of the progenitor. We find that the H 0 and S 8 tensions can be significantly alleviated, or even removed, if we account for varying Dark Energy for SNIa and CMB data. However, the tensions remain when we add baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) data into the analysis, even after the addition of extra SNIa systematic uncertainties. This points towards the need of either new physics beyond late-time Dark Energy, or other unaccounted systematic effects (particulary in BAO measurements), to fully solve the present tensions.
Successive cyclicity, anti-locality, and adposition stranding

This thesis studies movement operations in natural languages. It is observed that certain heads – C° , v°, and, in most languages, P° – cannot be stranded; the complements of these heads never move without pied-piping the heads in question. This is surprising since (a) extraction out of CP, vP, and PP is possible in principle and (b) the complement categories of these heads, TP, VP, and DP or PP, are movable. Evidence for the more contentious of these claims is provided in chapters 3 and 4. Chapter 4 also investigates the ramifications of these facts for theories of adposition stranding. All heads in question have independently been argued to project what Chomsky (2000) calls ‘phases’. The generalization is that phase heads cannot be stranded. Chapter 2 derives the ban against stranding phase heads within a derivational model of the grammar. The effect of phases on successive cyclicity is the following: To be licit, movement out of a phase must pass through the specifier position of that phase. The idea of the account is that every step of movement must establish a relation between the moved item and some other element in the phrase marker which is in a well-defined sense closer than the relation they were in prior to movement. Movement from complement to specifier position within the same phrase never achieves this. In fact, any movement within the same phrase is in effect too short to achieve this. There are then well-defined anti-locality effects, which fallout from considerations of local economy. The ban against stranding phase heads now follows. A category can leave its containing phase only by passing through its specifier position. Since complements cannot reach the specifier position in the same phrase, the complements of phase heads cannot move away. Head Movement is prohibited by the same economy based reasoning. Chapter 5 focuses on Head Movement, advocating a version of Brody’s (2000) Mirror Theory. In contrast to standard theories of Head Movement, Mirror Theory predicts what looks like downward Head Movement to be possible. Data from VP-ellipsis in English show that this prediction of Mirror Theory is correct.
Real-time scheduling of hydro cascaded system using evolutionary computation

In Slovenia, there are three hydro cascaded systems (HCS) accounting for some 35% of the total Slovenian power generation and playing an important role in optimizing the overall power system performance. While hydrothermal scheduling for the entire Slovenian EPS is performed centrally for 24 hours ahead, it is up to local control centers to determine optimal scheduling for each individual hydropower plant (HPP). In this paper, a computational tool for the optimal scheduling of HCS that has been developed as an integral part of the Soske Elektrarne (SENG) local center energy management system (EMS) is presented. The developed software package has been tested against a number of operational scenarios and an important improvement in SoCa river HCS performance has been observed.