Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Survey on E-negotiation strategies in E-trading

E-negotiation plays a vital role in in e-commerce. Its research widely focuses on negotiation strategy and protocol design. There is a more extensive need of further scientific research and enforces on the implementation of various negotiation strategy selection, which is useful to achieve better online negotiation outcomes for both vendor and customer. Such kind of e-negotiation research has not apply to real world problems. This paper addresses survey on various e-negotiation strategies, which is further effectively useful for different real world problem. This paper focuses on negotiating agent system and existing negotiation strategies. We focus on the effectiveness of each negotiation strategies on different real world problems. This e-negotiation survey supports current business practices as well as new ones within Internet . It also helps to improve ability of negotiation for outcomes in e-commerce, using software agent as a e- negotiator. This paper focuses on one to many e-negotiations.
Seismic Performances of High Rise R/C Frame Structures Reinforced with High Strength Rebars

Construction of high rise buildings as supporting infrastructures for economic growth has increased significantly in numbers in many big cities around the world. In Indonesia, most of the high-rise buildings constructed are made of reinforced concrete structures. In principles, the use of high-strength concrete, coupled with high strength rebars for high rise r/c buildings will result in more efficient and more constructible r/c constructions. However, in Indonesia, the use of high strength rebars for seismic-resistant r/c buildings is still prohibited. SNI 2847:2013 Section 21 specifies that the yield strength for reinforcing bars used in structural elements of special moment resisting frames is limited to 420 MPa. This provision is meant to limit higher shear and higher bond demand in the structural elements assigned to dissipate seismic energy. This paper presents a study on the use of high strength rebars in seismic resistant r/c buildings. In the study, 20 story buildings located in a region with high seismicity are designed. Two types of rebars are used, i.e., those with the yield strength of 550 MPa and of 690 MPa. The building structures are designed as the special moment resisting frame. The seismic performances of the buildings are then investigated by performing non-linear time history analysis. Seven pairs of scaled ground motions are used for the analysis. From this analysis, the failure mechanism of r/c buildings reinforced with 550 MPa yield strength is governed by beam mechanism, while the buildings reinforced with 690MPa yield strength rebars shows failure mechanism dominated by story mechanism. Globally, the performance levels of the buildings are within the zone of Damage Control (i.e., between immediate occupancy and life safety). Based on the findings, some recommendations are proposed for the use of high strength rebars in the design of seismic resistant high rise r/c buildings.
The genome of obligately intracellular Ehrlichia canis reveals themes of complex membrane structure and immune evasion strategies

Chain, M.Shin, S. Malfatti, F. Larimer, A. Copeland, J. C. Detter, M. Land, P. M. Richardson, X. J. Yu, D. H. Walker, J. W. McBride and N. C. Kyrpides Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598; Department of Pathology, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases and Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555; Lawrence 10
GaN-based p–i–n ultraviolet photodetectors with a thin p-type GaN layer on patterned sapphire substrates

We study the performance of GaN-based p-i-n ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors (PDs) with a 60 nm thin p-type contact layer grown on patterned sapphire substrate (PSS). The PDs on PSS exhibit a low dark current of ~2 pA under a bias of -5 V, a large UV/visible rejection ratio of ~7×103, and a high-quantum efficiency of ~40% at 365 nm under zero bias. The average quantum efficiency of the PDs still remains above 20% in the deep-UV region from 280 to 360 nm. In addition, the noise characteristics of the PDs are also discussed, and the corresponding specific detectivities limited by the thermal noise and the low-frequency 1/f noise are calculated.
Remuneration and Employee Benefits in Organizations in the Czech Republic

In today’s highly competitive environment, the goal of organizations is to recruit, retain and sufficiently stimulate employees to give high quality performance, which may actually be achieved by a well‑developed system of remuneration and a wide range of suitably selected employee benefits. The article aims to identify and evaluate important factors influencing the area of employee remuneration and benefits offered in organizations in the Czech Republic. The research was carried out through a questionnaire survey that involved selected organizations in the Czech Republic (n = 402). The obtained primary data were processed using descriptive and multidimensional statistics. The factors examined in relation to the employee remuneration and benefits include: industries and sectors of organizations; markets in which they operate; the size of organizations by the headcount; the existence or absence of the Human Resource Department. The results confirm that the organizations that want to maintain a good position in the labour market pay attention to their personnel marketing, which is also helped by the right (suitable) system of employee remuneration and fringe benefits thanks to which they retain their employees and can increase employee satisfaction and loyalty. Employee benefits are exactly what may distinguish the organizations from their competitors in the labour market.
Gravitation as a pressure force: a scalar ether theory

If the presence of a gravitational field breaks the Lorentz symmetry valid for special relativity, an "absolute motion" might be detectable. We summarize a scalar theory of gravity with a such "ether", which starts from a tentative interpretation of gravity as a pressure force. The theory also admits that our physical standards of space and time are affected by gravitation similarly as they are affected by a uniform motion. General motion is governed by an extension of Newton's second law to the curved space-time which is thus obtained. Together with the scalar field equation of the theory, this leads to a true conservation equation for the total energy. The law of motion also leads to an alternative 4-component equation governing the dynamics of a continuum in terms of its energy-momentum tensor. That new equation implies that mass conservation is obtained as a limiting behaviour for a weak and slowly varying gravitational field and/or at a low pressure. In the presence of the Lorentz force field, the new dynamical equation gives the second group of the gravitationally-modified Maxwell equations in the investigated theory. This is consistent with the geometrical optics of the theory as governed by the proposed extension of Newton's second law. The theory has the correct Newtonian limit; it predicts Schwarzschild's exterior metric of general relativity and geodesic motion in the static situation with spherical symmetry. A post-Newtonian approximation of this theory shows that no preferred-frame effect occurs for photons at the (first) post-Newtonian approximation. It is argued that the existence of preferred-frame effects in celestial mechanics, comparable in magnitude with the "relativistic" effects, does not a priori invalidate the theory.
Ultrasonic Studies of Emulsion Stability in the Presence of Magnetic Nanoparticles

Pickering emulsions are made of solid particle-stabilized droplets suspended in an immiscible continuous liquid phase. A magnetic emulsion can be obtained using magnetic particles. Solid magnetic nanoparticles are adsorbed strongly at the oil-water interface and are able to stabilize emulsions of oil and water. In this work emulsions stabilized by magnetite nanoparticles were obtained using high-energy ultrasound waves and a cavitation mechanism and, next, their stability in time was tested by means of acoustic waves with a low energy, without affecting the structure. An acoustic study showed high stability in time of magnetic emulsions stabilized by magnetite particles. The study also showed a strong influence of an external magnetic field, which can lead to changes of the emulsion properties. It is possible to control Pickering emulsion stability with the help of an external stimulus—a magnetic field.
A Review on Land Surface Processes Modelling over Complex Terrain

Complex terrain, commonly represented by mountainous region, occupies nearly one-quarter of the Earth's continental areas. An accurate understanding of water cycle, energy exchange, carbon cycle, and many other biogeophysical or biogeochemical processes in this area has become more and more important for climate change study. Due to the influences from complex topography and rapid variation in elevation, it is usually difficult for field measurements to capture the land-atmosphere interactions well, whereas land surface model (LSM) simulation provides a good alternative. A systematic review is introduced by pointing out the key issues for land surface processes simulation over complex terrain: (1) high spatial heterogeneity for land surface parameters in horizontal direction, (2) big variation of atmospheric forcing data in vertical direction related to elevation change, (3) scale effect on land surface parameterization in LSM, and (4) two-dimensional modelling which considers the gravity influence. Regarding these issues, it is promising for better simulation at this special region by involving higher spatial resolution atmospheric forcing data which can reflect the influences from topographic changes and making necessary improvements on model structure related to topographic factors. In addition, the incorporation of remote sensing techniques will significantly help to reduce uncertainties in model initialization, simulation, and validation.
A modeling study of the seasonal oxygen budget of the global ocean

[1] An ecosystem model embedded in a global ocean general circulation model is used to quantify roles of biological and physical processes on seasonal oxygen variations. We find that the thermally induced seasonal net outgassing (SNO) of oxygen is overestimated by about 30% if gas phase equilibrium is assumed, and we find that seasonal variations in thermocline oxygen due to biology are approximated well using the oxygen anomaly. Outside the tropics and the north Indian Ocean, biological SNO is, on average, 56% of net community production (defined as net oxygen production above 76 m) during the outgassing period and 35% of annual net community production. In the same region the seasonal drawdown of the oxygen anomaly within the upper thermocline (76–500 m) is 76% of the remineralization during the drawdown and 48% of annual remineralization. Applying model-derived relationships to observed O2 climatologies and using independent estimates for tropical and monsoonal systems, we estimate global net community production to be 14.9 ± 2.5 Pg C yr−1.
Economies of Scope in the Agricultural Provision of Ecosystems Services: A Swiss Case Study

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the jointness between agricultural production and ecosystem services using a spatial explicit economic-ecological programming model. Thereby, the consideration of non-agricultural competitors in the provision of ecosystem services allows a simultaneous assessment of economies of scope. A cost-effectiveness analysis for a case study region in Switzerland shows the least costs supplier of ecosystem services and spatial patterns in the supply for these services. Results imply strong jointness between agricultural production and the provision of ecosystem services. However, the potential for cost savings is considerable.
Asset management using genetic algorithm: Evidence from Tehran Stock Exchange

Article history: Received June 28, 2013 Received in revised format 19 October 2013 Accepted 20 December 2013 Available online December 31 2013 This paper presents an empirical investigation to study the effect of market management using Markowitz theorem. The study uses the information of 50 best performers on Tehran Stock Exchange over the period 2006-2009 and, using Markowitz theorem, the efficient asset allocation are determined and the result are analyzed. The proposed model of this paper has been solved using genetic algorithm. The results indicate that Tehran Stock Exchange has managed to perform much better than average world market in most years of studies especially on year 2009. The results of our investigation have also indicated that one could reach outstanding results using GA and forming efficient portfolio.
Predictability of cockle (Austrovenus stutchburyi) population trends in New Zealand's northern North Island

Population monitoring programmes are used to gain knowledge about system functioning or about the response of a system’s state to management measures. The current study provided an assessment of comprehensive monitoring data of intertidal bivalve populations in northern New Zealand. In this region, a number of bivalve species are targeted in recreational and customary fisheries, including cockles (Austrovenus stutchburyi) that are one of the main target species. To monitor the sustainability of cockle populations, regular population surveys have been conducted since the 1990s at different northern New Zealand sites, although the sampling frequency has varied greatly across sites. Furthermore, a general lack of fishing data for the target populations prevents a systematic assessment of management measures and population trends within a fishery assessment framework. In view of these shortcomings, the current study provided a systematic phenomenological assessment of the survey data to make general recommendations about the effectiveness of management and for guiding prioritisation and design for future surveys. The assessment was based on a Bayesian state-space model that simultaneously analysed monitoring data from 21 incomplete survey time-series between 1999–2000 and 2014–15. The model showed that the predictability of estimated large-size cockle densities was highly site-specific. Across all sites, the predictability of density trends could be used to guide the prioritisation of sites to be included in the survey, or to adjust the sampling frequency at individual sites. Based on the current analysis, existing management measures in the form of fishery closures at some of the sites appear to be effective in allowing recovery of depleted cockle populations. Only those sites that had management measures in place showed an increase in large cockle densities. In the absence of fishing data, adaptive management and targeted intervention could be used to further assess the efficacy of management measures.
The effects of land price on the quality of capital and maulti-factor productivity

I study a model of replacement problem with liquidity constraint, where the land is used as a collateral as well as a factor of production. The collateral value of the land restricts the available funds for the firm, which works as a capacity constraint of firms. Due to this constraint, the replacement can be enhanced when the positive technology and/or demand shocks arrives. This stands in contrast with some types of replacement models, where the positive demand shocks delay the replacement. The rise of the land price enlarges the available funds for the firms which requires the efficient use of the land, when the firms are under liquidity constraint. It also raises the user’s cost of land, hence, the replacement of machine is enhanced. The effects of the land price on the the multi-factor productivity and replacement are examined by the data of Japan during 1970 and 1998. The estimated results show that the rise of the land price enhance the replacement and improves the multi-factor productivity in the non-service sectors, but I do not observe the direct relationship between the replacement and the land price in the service sectors. These results are consistent with the view that the land price affects the replacement decisions and productivity in non-service sectors. In service sectors, however, the other factors such as the quality of investments could be important.
The Development of the Virtual Learning Network in New Zealand: An Actor Network Theory Analysis

The Virtual Learning Network (VLN) is a videoconference based course sharing system between schools in New Zealand. The goal of the VLN is to share and personalise learning resources, based on the learning choices, needs, abilities and skills of the students and staff, otherwise not available within their own schools or group of neighbouring schools (cluster). The problem is that some rural clusters use the VLN successfully but others struggle to sustain a cluster. The objective of this study is to examine how the VLN is currently being used in rural clusters in New Zealand and to identify factors that facilitate or inhibit the development of a successful VLN rural cluster. Literature has addressed videoconferencing as an e-learning solution, particularly for compulsory education in schools. In addition to that, two other dimensions of the VLN application, resource sharing and bottom-up development approach have been reviewed. The use of the Actor Network Theory (ANT) provides a theoretical lens to this study. This research will follow an interpretive approach and case research method to help investigate the research problem. Qualitative interview techniques will be used for data gathering and individuals in the VLN will be the unit of analysis.
The Astrophysics of Visible-light Orbital Phase Curves in the Space Age

The field of visible-light continuous time series photometry is now at its golden age, manifested by the continuum of past (CoRoT, Kepler), present (K2), and future (TESS, PLATO) space-based surveys delivering high precision data with a long baseline for a large number of stars. The availability of the high-quality data has enabled astrophysical studies not possible before, including, for example, detailed asteroseismic investigations and the study of the exoplanet census including small planets. This has also allowed to study the minute photometric variability following the orbital motion in stellar binaries and star-planet systems which is the subject of this review. We focus on systems with a main sequence primary and a low-mass secondary, from a small star to a massive planet. The orbital modulations are induced by a combination of gravitational and atmospheric processes, including the beaming effect, tidal ellipsoidal distortion, reflected light, and thermal emission. Therefore, the phase curve shape contains information about the companion’s mass and atmospheric characteristics, making phase curves a useful astrophysical tool. For example, phase curves can be used to detect and measure the mass of short-period low-mass companions orbiting hot fast-rotating stars out of reach of other detection methods. Another interesting application of phase curves is using the orbital phase modulations to look for non-transiting systems, which comprise the majority of stellar binary and star-planet systems. We discuss the science done with phase curves, the first results obtained so far, and the current difficulties and open questions related to this young and evolving subfield.
The Malleidae (Mollusca: Bivalve) of India with a newdistributional record of Malleus albus (Lamarck, 1819), fromsoutheast cost of India-Nellore, Andhra Pradesh

Occurrence of a lesser-known but interesting bivalve, Malleus albus (Lamarck, 1819), is reported here for the firsttime from state of Andhra Pradesh (southeast coast of India). Confirmed records of four Malleidae species in the region are presented in this article along with a systematic description of the species
Modeling German Uni cation in a Disequilibrium Framework

Uni cation fundamentally changed the terms of quantitative macroeconomic analysis for Germany. Two main areas concerned are data availability for the eastern part of Germany and structural changes within the behavioural equations after uni cation. Our paper presents results from the estimation of a macroeconometric disequilibrium model formerly developed for West Germany. The challenge is to handle the structural break in the time series and the economic model by applying a SUR estimator for West Germany and the Federal Republic of Germany, respectively. The main focus here is the modeling of investment expenditures and employment adjustment. The empirical results are encouraging and show that the disequilibrium model is exible enough to analyze the changes induced by uni cation. In particular, our results reveal that most behavioural relationships remained fairly stable when switching from West Germany to the Federal Republic of Germany. One notable exception is investment behaviour which { during the rst years after uni cation { was strongly a ected by scal incentives in East Germany. Preliminary policy simulations show e ects of these scal incentives and the demand shock to the West German economy. The simulated responses depend on the prevailing regimes on goods and labour markets.
Investigation of the Affected Factors of Earnings Persistency in the Firms Listed in Tehran Stock Exchange

There are various studies which define earnings persistency as the durability and recurrence of the earnings. This study intends to examine some of the factors influencing on the earnings persistency among Tehran Stock Exchange listed firms. We have used first order auto regression to determine the persistency of the earnings. The data of this paper covers a period of years from 2006 to 2009. The data is analyzed, using cross-sectional regressions and pool data. The findings on 444 firm-year observation revealed that the operating cash flow, firm size, interest bearing debts and directors' independence have direct impacts on the earnings persistency. The higher the cash component of the earnings, the lower the interest bearing debts is. Finally, when the independence of the directors is higher, the persistence coefficient and earnings persistency will be at a higher level.
Sintering of oxide-supported Pt and Pd nanoparticles in air studied by in situ TEM

This study addresses the sintering mechanism of Pt nanoparticles dispersed on a planar, amorphous Al2O3 support as a model system for a catalyst for automotive exhaust abatement. By means of in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the model catalyst was monitored during the exposure to 10 mbar air at 650 °C. Time-resolved image series unequivocally reveal that the sintering of Pt nanoparticles was mediated by an Ostwald ripening process. A statistical analysis of an ensemble of Pt nanoparticles shows that the particle size distributions change shape from an initial Gaussian distribution via a log-normal distribution to a Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner (LSW) distribution. Furthermore, the timedependency of the ensemble-averaged particle size and particle density is determined. A mean field kinetic description captures the main trends in the observed behavior. However, at the individual nanoparticle level, deviations from the model are observed suggesting in part that the local environment influences the atom exchange process.