Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pharmaceutical applications of hot melt extrusion technology: An overview

Hot-melt extrusion (HME) has emerged as a promising technique to develop several types of pharmaceutical dosage forms and drug delivery systems. The absence of solvents, fast processing, simple and continuous operation, high degree of automation, and ability to process poorly compactable material into tablet form are some of the advantages offered over conventional processing by this innovative technique. The basic steps involved in this technique are mixing and melting an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), polymer, and other excipients in a melt extruder and then forcing it through dies with one or more rotating screws to obtain the desired product. The materials used in hot melt extruded products must possess some degree of thermal stability in addition to acceptable physical and chemical stability. Interest in HME as a pharmaceutical process continues to grow and recent success of this technique have made it worthy of consideration as a drug delivery solution.
Influence of the tidal cycle and a tidal intrusion front on the spatio-temporal distribution of coastal bottlenose dolphins

Small scale hydrographic fronts may act as convergence zones in which organisms accumulate, and have been used preferentially by several marine predators. In this paper, bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus spatial and temporal distribution was investigated in relation to the tidal cycle and to the spatial and temporal evolution of a tidal front in a narrow estuarine channel. Esti- mates of dolphin abundance during all states of the tidal cycle, and positions of the frontal surface features and of dolphin groups were obtained from land-based observations. Hydrographic data was obtained on the structure of the front. The results showed that the front was characteristic of tidal intrusion fronts and was predictable both temporally and spatially. Its development could be divided into 3 stages. In the first stage the front was determined by the tidal flows and by an unusual fresh- water input at the mouth of the estuary. In later stages the bathymetry and morphology of the estu- ary dominated and the front became stationary until the tidal inflow stopped, causing the front to dissipate. Dolphins were most abundant during the flood tide, particularly during the stationary stage of the tidal front. Dolphins also showed a spatial association with the area near the surface features of the front, which could be related to increased foraging efficiency resulting from the accumulation of prey in the frontal region. Further work that takes account of the 3D distribution and behaviour of the dolphins and their prey with relation to the front is now required to fully understand the nature of this relationship.
Waligo, Victoria and Clarke, Jackie and Hawkins, Rebecca (2013) Implementing sustainable tourism: a multi- stakeholder involvement management framework. Tourism Management, 36, 342-353

Within the extensive body of literature on sustainable tourism (ST), its successful implementation is an emerging and important theme. The lack of or ineffective stakeholder participation is a major obstacle to ST realisation and there is little clarity as to how best to resolve this problem. This paper presents the findings of a purposive UK-based case study that evaluated stakeholder involvement in the implementation of ST. Using over fifty stakeholders’ accounts drawn from eight primary stakeholder groups, a ‘multi-stakeholder involvement management’ (MSIM) framework was developed. The MSIM framework consists of three strategic levels: attraction, integration and management of stakeholder involvement. Six stages are embedded within the three levels: scene-setting, recognition of stakeholder involvement capacity, stakeholder relationship management, pursuit of achievable objectives, influencing implementation capacity and monitoring stakeholder involvement. These are supported by the overarching notion of ‘hand-holding’ and key actions [e.g. managing stakeholder adaptability] that enhance stakeholder
Short communication EÄect of titanium on the kinetics of the s-phase formation in a coarse-grained Fe-Cr alloy

The influence of titanium on the kinetics of the s-phase formation promoted by an isothermal annealing at T=973 K was studied in coarse-grained quasi-equiatomic Fe-Cr alloys by using the 57 Fe Mossbauer Spectroscopy. It was found that the kinetics could be well-described in terms of the Johnson-Avrami-Mehl equation. The addition of titanium (up to 3 at%) was revealed to eAect the transformation kinetics in the following way: for xTi41.5 at%, its presence accelerates the process with the highest transformation rate for xTi=0.3 at%, for xTi51.5 at%, titanium retards the formation of the s-phase. Quantitatively, the eAect of titanium on the kinetics was described in terms of a change of the eAective activation energy. # 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Comparing emissions mitigation efforts across countries

A natural outcome of the emerging pledge and review approach to international climate change policy is the interest in comparing mitigation effort among countries. Domestic publics and stakeholders will have an interest in knowing if peer countries are undertaking (or planning to undertake) comparable efforts in mitigating their GHG emissions. Moreover, if the aggregate effort is considered inadequate in addressing the risks posed by climate change, then this will likely prompt a broader interest in identifying those countries where greater effort is arguably warranted based on comparison with their peers. Both assessments require metrics of effort and comparisons among countries. We propose a framework for such an exercise, drawing from a set of principles for designing and implementing informative metrics. We present a template for organizing metrics on mitigation effort, for both ex ante and ex post review. We also provide preliminary assessments of effort along emissions, price, and cost metrics for post-2020 climate policy contributions by China, the European Union, Russia, and the United States. We close with a discussion of the role of academics and civil society in promoting transparency and facilitating the evaluation and comparison of effort. Policy relevance Statement: Our article presents a framework for the review of intended nationally determined contributions and the ex post review of contributions under the UNFCCC negotiations. We provide an illustration of this framework with an energy-economic model. Our work focuses on how countries may use the review to compare mitigation effort – planned under INDCs and delivered by implementation of the pledged contributions – to address concerns about equity, efficiency, competitiveness, and the stability of any agreement that arise in international negotiations.
Existence of density for the stochastic wave equation with space-time homogeneous Gaussian noise

In this article, we consider the stochastic wave equation on $\mathbb{R}_{+} \times \mathbb{R}$, driven by a linear multiplicative space-time homogeneous Gaussian noise whose temporal and spatial covariance structures are given by locally integrable functions $\gamma$ (in time) and $f$ (in space), which are the Fourier transforms of tempered measures $\nu$ on $\mathbb{R}$, respectively $\mu$ on $\mathbb{R}$. Our main result shows that the law of the solution $u(t,x)$ of this equation is absolutely continuous with respect to the Lebesgue measure.
The relationship between the F-test and the Schwarz criterion: Implications for Granger-causality tests

In applied research, the Schwarz Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and the F-test might yield different inferences about the causal relationships being investigated. This paper examines the relationship between the BIC and the F-tests in the context of Granger-causality tests. We calculate the F-test significance levels as a function of the model dimensionality and the sample size that would lead to the same conclusion as the BIC. We illustrate that the BIC would reject the null hypothesis of no-causality less often compared to an F-test conducted at five percent significance level for sample sizes above 50 especially when the chosen model dimensionality is small. Putting the philosophical issues aside, we suggest that the decision to choose between the F-test and the BIC should be made in view of the sample size.
A Meta Analytical Review of the Relationship between Personal Epistemology and Self-regulated Learning

Son yillarda arastirmacilar epistemolojik inanclari oz-duzenleyici ogrenme stratejileri ile iliskilendirmeye baslamistir. Dolayisiyla epistemolojik inanclar ile oz-duzenleyici ogrenme stratejileri arasindaki iliskinin alan yazinda yapilan calismalarla nasil desteklendigine dair bir derleme (meta-analiz) calismasina ihtiyac vardir. Bu meta-analiz calismasinin iki amaci vardir: a) epistemolojik inanclar ile oz-duzenleyici stratejiler arasindaki iliski icin ortalama etki buyuklugu hesaplamak ve b) hesaplanan etki buyuklugune yas, cinsiyet, kultur ve konu alani gibi moderator degiskenlerin etkisini incelemektir. Bu amacla farkli ulkelerde ve konu alanlarinda yapilmis olan toplam 45 calisma (40 makale) incelenmistir. Analiz sonucunda kucuk fakat anlamli bir ortalama etki buyuklugu hesaplanmistir (sabit etki modeli altinda, r=.24 [SE=.012] ve rasgele etki modeli altinda r=.22 [SE=.026]). Iki degisken arasindaki iliski farkli okul seviyesinde yapilan calismalar arasinda degismemesine ragmen, hesaplanan etki buyuklugunun kultur, cinsiyet ve konu alani degiskenlerine gore anlamli duzeyde farklilik gosterdigi bulunmustur. Elde edilen sonuclar cinsiyetin, kulturun ve konu alaninin epistemolojik inanclar ile oz-duzenleyici stratejiler arasindaki iliskiyi nasil etkiledigini aciklayan teorik modellere ve calismalara ihtiyac oldugunu gostermistir.
GROWTH KINETICS AND HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE PRODUCTION OF A HEAT- INDUCIBLE RECOMBI-NANTE CHERICHIA COLI DURING BATCH FERMENTATION

The batch fermentation production of human growth hormone (hGH) was studied in a newrecombinant Escherichia coli. The effect of different levels of dissolved oxygen and glucoseconcentration on cell density and substrate utilization were evaluated. The results indicated that theoptimum level of dissolved oxygen was 25% of air saturation. The specific growth rate reached amaximum for an optimal glucose concentration of 5 gl-1, the maximum yield was 0.58 gg-1 and glucosewas completely consumed after 10 hrs. The growth of recombinant E. coli on semi-defined and complexmedia was compared. The results demonstrated that dry cell weight and maximum specific growth ratewere 2.35 gl-1 and 0.4 h-1 on a complex medium, respectively, but they were 3.3 gl-1 and 0.24 h-1 onsemi-defined medium. The plasmid stability and hGH production during batch fermentation wereinvestigated. The results suggested that the specific growth rate is the most important factor on hGHproduction and should be investigated in fed batch cultivation to get high cell density.
A global compilation of coccolithophore calcification rates

Abstract. The biological production of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), a process termed calcification, is a key term in the marine carbon cycle. A major planktonic group responsible for such pelagic CaCO3 production (CP) is the coccolithophores, single-celled haptophytes that inhabit the euphotic zone of the ocean. Satellite-based estimates of areal CP are limited to surface waters and open-ocean areas, with current algorithms utilising the unique optical properties of the cosmopolitan bloom-forming species Emiliania huxleyi, whereas little understanding of deep-water ecology, optical properties or environmental responses by species other than E. huxleyi is currently available to parameterise algorithms or models. To aid future areal estimations and validate future modelling efforts we have constructed a database of 2765 CP measurements, the majority of which were measured using 12 to 24 h incorporation of radioactive carbon (14C) into acid-labile inorganic carbon (CaCO3). We present data collated from over 30 studies covering the period from 1991 to 2015, sampling the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic and Southern oceans. Globally, CP in surface waters ( < 20 m) ranged from 0.01 to 8398 µmol C m−3 d−1 (with a geometric mean of 16.1 µmol C m−3 d−1). An integral value for the upper euphotic zone (herein surface to the depth of 1 % surface irradiance) ranged from < 0.1 to 6 mmol C m−2 d−1 (geometric mean 1.19 mmol C m−2 d−1). The full database is available for download from PANGAEA at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.888182.
Long-term effect of temperature on honey yield and honeybee phenology

The wild population of the African lion Panthera leo continues to decline, requiring alternate conservation programs to be considered. One such program is ex situ reintroduction. Prior to release, longterm monitoring and assessment of behavior is required to determine whether prides and coalitions behave naturally and are sufficiently adapted to a wild environment. Social network analysis (SNA) can be used to provide insight into how the pride as a whole and individuals within it, function. Our study was conducted upon 2 captive-origin prides who are part of an ex situ reintroduction program, and 1 wild pride of African lion. Social interactions were collected at all occurrence for each pride and categorized into greet, social grooming, play, and aggression. Betweenness centrality showed that offspring in each pride were central to the play network, whereas degree indicated that adults received (indegree) the greatest number of overall social interactions, and the adult males of each pride were least likely to initiate (outdegree) any interactions. Through the assessment of individual centrality and degree values, a social keystone adult female was identified for each pride. Social network results indicated that the 2 captive-origin prides had formed cohesive social units and possessed relationships and behaviors comparable with the wild pride for the studied behaviors. This study provided the first SNA comparison between captive-bred origin and a wild pride of lions, providing valuable information on individual and pride sociality, critical for determining the success of prides within an ex situ reintroduction program.
Shear Wind Estimation

This paper presents atmospheric Shear Wind phenomena models and develops a Particle Filter estimator to characterize the phenomena. We describe a model for the Surface Shear Wind and another for the Layer Shear Wind. The models are described and adjusted for Besian estimation. A Particle Filter was implemented and tested in simulation for Surface Shear Wind parameter estimation. The estimator was idealized to be used by small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). The implemented Particle Filter estimates the surrounding ow eld with a small number of variables, and as such, low memory requirements.
Differences in posterior contralateral negativity (N2PC)

The N2pc component has become a popular tool in the study of attention. Its exact function however remains unclear. Using an altered Simon task involving a pre and postcue, Van der Lubbe, Abrahamse and de Kleine (2012) found differences in this component. The N2pc was more pronounced for postcues than for precues. The goal of this study was to evaluate this finding by reexamination of the data. Three accounts for the differences in N2pc were tested. First variability at the moment of orienting in case of precues, second an increased perception-action cycle for postcues and third, added attention to hands for postcues were investigated. The data did not replicate the more pronounced N2pc for postcues due to exclusion of participants. Enough evidence was gathered however to reject all proposed accounts for the differences in N2pc. DIFFERENCES IN POSTERIOR CONTRALATERAL NEGATIVITY (N2PC) 3
Influence of milk pasteurization and scalding temperature on the volatile compounds of Malatya, a farmhouse Halloumi-type cheese

Influence de la pasteurisation du lait et de la temperature de cuisson sur les composes volatils du Malatya, fromage fermier de type Halloumi. Du Malatya, un fromage fermier de type Halloumi, a ete fabrique a partir de lait cru et de lait pasteurise, et les cailles obtenus ont ete cuits dans du lactoserum chauffe a 60, 70, 80 ou 90 °C. Apres 30 ou 90 jours d'affinage, la composition en volatils des fromages a ete caracterisee. Cent deux composes volatils incluant 11 acides, 13 esters, 6 aldehydes, 26 alcools, 2 lactones, 5 composes soufres, 5 terpenes et 19 composes divers ont ete identifies par micro-extraction en phase solide et chromatographie gazeuse couplee a la spectrometrie de masse (CG-MS). L'utilisation du lait cru pour la fabrication a abouti a un profil en volatils plus riche et la majorite des volatils etaient presents en quantite plus importante dans les fromages au lait cru par rapport aux fromages au lait pasteurise. Les fromages au lait cru contenaient des teneurs plus elevees en acides, esters et cetones, et des teneurs moins elevees en aldehydes et composes soufres. Une analyse en composante principale (ACP) a permis de simplifier l'interpretation des donnees de CG-MS et de differencier les fromages au lait cru des fromages au lait pasteurise. Les echantillons ont egalement ete classifies sur la base de la temperature de cuisson par ACP, mais aucune distribution reguliere n'a pu etre observee. Ces resultats suggerent que la pasteurisation du lait de fabrication a un effet sur la composition en volatils plus marque que celui de la temperature de cuisson du caille.
The Effect of Grants to Graduate Students on the Research Productivity of Professors : The Case of BK21 Project

This paper examines the effect of grants to graduate students on the research productivity of professors using the individual level data set derived from the National Research Foundation of Korea. The Brain Korea 21 project, which was intended to promote the frontier research-based universities in Korea, has been a multi-year project and most of its fund has been given to the graduate students as grants. This unique feature of the project gives us an ideal opportunity to empirically examine the relationship between the grants to the students and the research productivity of professors in the different research areas. We compare the research outputs between the treatment group, which consists of participants of Brain Korea 21 project, and the comparison group, which consists of top researchers among non-participants. We applied the standard DID method which compares the increase in research outputs measured by papers per year between the two groups, before and during the project. The DID (Difference-in-difference) estimates show that the effects are quite different for the different majors. In many of the science and engineering majors, the effects are positive and significant, where as in most of the humanities and social science majors the effects are insignificant or even negative for some majors. The results suggest that the grants to graduate students can be an effective way of increasing the research productivity of present, as well as of that of future, especially in the majors that require extensive experiments and more research assistants in the research process. *
Economically Optimal Distiller Grain Inclusion in Beef Feedlot Rations: Recognition of Omitted Factors

With the rapid expansion of the ethanol industry, the feeding landscape familiar to the feedlot industry is changing. While concerns regarding rising corn prices persist, many within the industry are looking at distiller’s grains, a by-product of ethanol production, to serve as a feed substitute. The question remains as to what extent these two feed sources are substitutable. The purpose of this study is to identify the economically optimal inclusion rate of distiller’s grains in beef feedlot rations, considering an array of often omitted factors. Most currently prevailing recommendation rates are strictly biologically based and frequently reference only one feeding trial. Unique economic factors considered in this research include the impact of by-product inclusion rates on animal performance (utilizing recently conducted meta-analysis from 17 relevant feeding trials), enhanced likelihood of death loss from heightened sulfur content, and manure disposal costs. Results indicate that excluding these factors can significantly impact optimal inclusion levels and that reliance on a single or few feeding trials may greatly bias results.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Advanced Rocket Nozzle

Special attention is then given to altitude-adaptive nozzle concepts, which have recently received new interest in the space industry. The reduction of Earth-to-orbit launch costs in conjunction with an increase in launcher reliability and operational efficiency are the key demands on future space transportation systems, like single-stage-to- orbit vehicles (SSTO). The realization of these vehicles strongly depends on the performance of the engines, which should deliver high performance with low system complexity Current research results are presented for dual-bell nozzles. The main part of the paper addresses dual-bell nozzle concepts with improvements in performance as compared to conventional nozzle achieved by altitude adaptation and, thus, by minimizing losses caused by over- or under expansion.
DataCenterNetworkArchitecture inCloudComputing: ATaxonomyandReview

A Data Center Network (DCN) is an important component of data centers that consists of a large number of hosted servers and switches connected with high speed communication links. A DCN enables the deployment of resources centralization and on-demand access of the information and services of data centers to users. In recent years, the scale of the DCN has constantly increased with the widespread use of cloud-based services and the unprecedented amount of data delivery in/between data centers, whereas the traditional DCN architecture lacks aggregate bandwidth, scalability and cost effectiveness for coping with the increasing demands of tenants in accessing the services of cloud data centers. Therefore, the design of a novel DCN architecture with the features of scalability, low cost, robustness, and energy conservation is required. This paper reviews the recent research findings and technologies of DCN architectures to identify the issues in the existing DCN architectures for cloud computing. We develop a taxonomy for the classification of the current DCN architectures, and also quantitatively analyze the traditional and contemporary DCN architectures. Moreover, the DCN architectures are compared on the basis of the significant characteristics, such as bandwidth, fault tolerance, scalability, overheads and deployment costs. Finally, we also put forward open research issues in the deployment of scalable, low cost, robust and energy-efficient DCN architecture for data centers in computational clouds.