Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In this issue

were identified in 85% of the inflammatory myopathy muscle samples. Insertions and deletions of three bases within or adjacent to a CDR also were detected. Ig V H sequence analyses on laser capture microdissection samples from separate areas of tissue sec-tions from the same patient confirmed the presence of plasma cells and clonal expansion of B cells in inclusion body myositis and dermatomyositis. Analyses of CDR regions of individual clones suggested both Ag-driven mutation and the existence of muta-tional hotspots. These results from several experimental ap-proaches suggest that affinity maturation of B cells is Ag-driven in the muscle tissue of patients with inflammatory myopathies.
LE CONTROLE INSTITUTIONNEL DE L'INFORMATION COMPTABLE ET FINANCIERE

Which roles play the institutional system (Securities stock exchange and legal authorities) in the quality control of countable and financial information (ICF)? It is with this question that we try here to answer. We analyse the decisions of sanction for fraud to the accounting and financial information pronounced by the French seciruties regulator (AMF) and the judges between 1995 and 2008. The results show that the control of the AMF is more effective than that of the judges.
Development and Functioning of Clusters in Poland

The aim of this paper is to present issues concerning the concept of clusters, advantages of the cluster functioning and cluster policy in Poland. Clusters are synonymous with success built on a high-quality competition. Such an understanding of perspective brings together the world of science, business and the local environment, mobilizing action towards the formation of clusters. This issue was discussed on the example of the newly established "Cluster of Innovation in Agribusiness" in Mazovia region.
Management and treatment of ankylosing spondylitis

Purpose of reviewOur purpose is to review the developments in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis in 2004. Recent findingsTumor necrosis factor blockers have been shown to have rapid and persistent efficacy with limited additional toxicity up to 4 years with continuing therapy, but cessation of therapy results in relapse in most patients. Therapy is cost-effective. There are some differences between the different tumor necrosis factor blockers currently available. Other biologic therapies are not as promising. Algorithms have been developed to aid in early diagnosis. This may be relevant for future therapeutic strategies. SummaryTumor necrosis factor blockers are effective and safe in active spinal disease, but simple measures such as exercise and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy are still considered the basis of standard therapy. Early disease diagnosis is becoming easier, and is likely to be important for optimal therapeutic responses. Future research will include the effect of tumor necrosis factor blockade on structural disease progression.
An Encryption Scheme with Hidden Keyword Search for Outsourced Database

An encryption scheme with hidden keyword search is proposed for Outsourced Database. In the proposed scheme, both pseudorandom function and polynomial function are employed in order to reduce computation and shortage overhead. The proposed scheme can not only provide controlled searching, and hidden searching as well as the provable secrecy for encryption, but also support the dynamic change of the permitted group users and be transparent to user when the users are added and removed since they are not involved in the process. Moreover, there is no interaction between database owner and server, server and user or database owner and user when the decrypted key is set up. Each user is only required to receive messages to setup their decrypted key and hence can query over encrypted data and decrypt the encrypted data. Therefore, the proposed scheme is more efficient and more practical for outsourced database.
Fabrication and Characterization of Coplanar Waveguides on Silicon Using a Combination of SiO $_{2}$ and SRO $_{20}$

In this work, the use of silicon rich oxide (SRO) and chemical vapor deposition SiO2 double layers as passivation films of coplanar waveguides (CPW) on high resistivity silicon (HR-Si) with an N+ backside is studied. The microwave performance of the fabricated CPWs is evaluated by computing the attenuation loss of the devices in the 0.045-50 GHz frequency range. Experimental results show that the N+ layer can be used without affecting CPW performance. Also, using a combined dielectric layer (SRO20 /SiO2 ), the attenuation losses are reduced compared to single dielectric layers.
Oscillatory behavior of the transport properties in Ni/Co multilayers: A superlattice effect.

The resistivity and anisotropic magnetoresistance of Ni/Co multilayers exhibit an oscillatory dependence on Co or Ni layer thickness, with an approximate period of 20 A. The oscillations disappear as the number of bilayers is reduced, clearly proving that this is a superlattice effect. This is the first time that superlattice effects are observed in the transport properties of metallic multilayers.
Enteral antibiotics for preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in low birthweight or preterm infants.

BACKGROUND Necrotizing enterocolitis continues to be a problem, particularly in preterm neonates. There have been reports published suggesting that the use of enteral antibiotics may be effective as prophylaxis. This systematic review was undertaken to clarify the issue. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the benefits and harms of enteral antibiotic prophylaxis for necrotizing enterocolitis in low birth weight and preterm infants. SEARCH STRATEGY Searches were made of the Oxford Database of Perinatal trials, MEDLINE (1966 - June 2000; search terms: necrotizing enterocolitis, antibiotics; limits: newborn infant), previous reviews with cross references, abstracts, conference and symposia proceedings, expert informants and journal hand searching in the fields of neonatal pediatrics and microbiology. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials where enteral antibiotics were used as prophylaxis against NEC in LBW (<2500g) and/or preterm (<37 weeks gestation) infants. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS The standard method of the Cochrane Collaboration and its Neonatal Review Group was used. The methodological quality of each trial was reviewed by the second author who was blinded to the trial authors and institutions. Each author extracted data separately before comparison and resolution of differences. Relative risk (RR), risk difference (RD), and number needed to treat were used in the analysis. MAIN RESULTS Five eligible trials involving 456 infants were included. The administration of prophylactic enteral antibiotics resulted in a statistically significant reduction in NEC [RR 0.47 (0.28, 0.78); RD -0.10 (-0.16, -0.04); NNT 10 (6, 25)]. There was a statistically significant reduction in NEC-related deaths [RR 0.32 (0.10, 0.96); RD -0.07 (-0.13, 0.01); NNT 14 (8, 100)]. There was a trend towards a reduction in all deaths which was not significant [RR 0.67(0.34, 1.32)]. There were no significant differences in NEC-like enteropathies (one trial only). One study found a statistically significant increase in the incidence of colonization with resistant bacteria and the summary analysis of three trials gave an increase which was just significant [RR 1.73 (1.00, 2.97); RD 0.07 (0.00, 0.13)]. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS Evidence suggests that oral antibiotics reduce the incidence of NEC in low birth weight infants. However concerns about adverse outcomes persist, particularly related to the development of resistant bacteria. To address this question further, a large trial would be required with a sample size sufficient to examine all the important benefits and harms. Adverse outcomes associated with infection should be evaluated, and microbiological studies looking for the development of resistant bacteria should be undertaken
The Generalized Gabor Scheme of Image Representation in Biological and Machine Vision

A scheme suitable for visual information representation in a combined frequency-position space is investigated through image decomposition into a finite set of two-dimensional Gabor elementary functions (GEF). The scheme is generalized to account for the position-dependent Gabor-sampling rate, oversampling, logarithmic frequency scaling and phase-quantization characteristic of the visual system. Comparison of reconstructed signal highlights the advantages of the generalized Gabor scheme in coding typical bandlimited images. It is shown that there exists a tradeoff between the number of frequency components used per position and the number of such clusters (sampling rate) utilized along the spatial coordinate. >
Malnutrition as a risk factor for severe visceral leishmaniasis.

On a observe une frequence inhabituellement elevee de la malnutrution grave avant l'infection chez les enfants presentant la forme classique. Dans beaucoup de cas la malnutrition joue un role critique dans la progression de la leishmaniose viscerale vers sa forme le plus grave
Importance of $V_{\rm th}$ and Substrate Resistance Control for RF Performance Improvement in MOSFETs

Transistor scaling with the CMOS technology advancement results in <i>f</i> <sub>max</sub> saturation in contrast to <i>fT</i> improvement. Effective improvement methods for such saturated <i>f</i> <sub>max</sub> are presented to the transistors fabricated by 45- and 65-nm low standby power CMOS technology. The primary parameters investigated are <i>V</i> <sub>th</sub> optimization through adjusting the channel implantation and <i>R</i> <sub>sub</sub> control through adjusting the active to substrate contact spacing. It is demonstrated that <i>V</i> <sub>th</sub> optimization and <i>R</i> <sub>sub</sub> control result in more than 20% and 10% improvements for <i>f</i> <sub>max</sub>, respectively.
Deliberate Self-Harm, Substance Use, and Negative Affect in Nonclinical Samples: A Systematic Review

Background and Method: A systematic literature review was conducted to examine associations between self-harm, substance use, and negative affect in nonclinical samples. Results: Forty-two articles describing 36 studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria. Findings indicated that individuals who engage in substance use are significantly more likely to engage in self-harm. It was also found that negative affective states such as depression and anxiety are consistently associated with self-harm. Conclusions: These findings provide some guidance in identifying those who are at increased risk of self-harm. Reducing these risk factors could be an important strategy in preventing self-harm behavior in the general population.
Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Vitex agnus castus leaves. Quantitative analysis of flavonoids as possible active constituents.

Vitex agnus-castus L. , (Verbenaceae) traditional Chinese medicinal plant recommended for various inflammatory ailments, but its mechanism of anti-inflammatory action is still unclear. The present study reports the anti-inflammatory activities of various extracts and elucidate possible mechanism(s) with the quantification of flavonoids by RP-HPLC. The petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous extracts obtained by successive solvent extraction from Vitex agnus castus leaves were subjected to standard acute, subacute and chronic models of inflammation at 200 and 400 mg/kg. Further, in vitro cytokine release estimation (IL-6 and TNF-α) using ELISA and the identification and quantification of major constituents with the RP-HPLC was done. All extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg) produced significant inhibition while methanol extract (400 mg/kg) caused a maximum inhibition of 43% in paw edema, 75% inhibition in subacute and 59.28% inhibition in the chronic inflammation model. Methanol extract (400 mg/kg) showed 77.87% and 63.34% decline in the IL-6 and TNF-α levels respectively. Kaempferol (0.24%) and luteolin (0.12%) were quantified in a bioactive methanol extract using HPLC analysis. It was concluded that the anti-inflammatory activity might be due to flavonoids in the extracts and plant regulates the inflammation by a significant decrease of TNF-α and IL-6 by macrophages, which mediates crucial events for the initiation. Information revealed that the methanol extract of Vitex agnus castus leaves can be used as effective anti-inflammatory agent.
Passive location based on an accurate Doppler measurement by single satellite

In this paper, we focus on high-precision measurement of Doppler information to ensure high positioning accuracy in passive location. Recent studies in which signals are simulated with second order derivative of Doppler frequency have been derived for passive radar application, but can only reach low level of accuracy of Doppler information. This paper proposes an accurate measurement of Doppler information using third order Taylor expansion for the distance function. The paper first discusses theory of Passive Location using Doppler information acquired by one single satellite. Then discusses the improvement of the signal model and introduce a new algorithm of obtaining Doppler information. The advantage of the proposed approach is that it can acquire second order derivative of Doppler frequency to minimize measurement error. Especially under the condition of high carrier frequency, this approach therefore achieves higher measurement precision. Finally, simulations are performed to validate the proposed method.
Genetic diversity of an Italian Rhizobium meliloti population from different Medicago sativa varieties

We investigated the genetic diversity of 96 Rhizobium meliloti strains isolated from nodules of four Medicago sativa varieties from distinct geographic areas and planted in two different northern Italian soils. The 96 isolates, which were phenotypically indistinguishable, were analyzed for DNA polymorphism with the following three methods: (i) a randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method, (ii) a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the 16S-23S ribosomal operon spacer region, and (iii) an RFLP analysis of a 25-kb region of the pSym plasmid containing nod genes. Although the bacteria which were studied constituted a unique genetic population, a considerable level of genetic diversity was found. The new analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) method was used to estimate the variance among the RAPD patterns. The results indicated that there was significant genetic diversity among strains nodulating different varieties. The AMOVA method was confirmed to be a useful tool for investigating the genetic variation in an intraspecific population. Moreover, the data obtained with the two RFLP methods were consistent with the RAPD results. The genetic diversity of the population was found to reside on the whole bacterial genome, as suggested by the RAPD analysis results, and seemed to be distributed on both the chromosome and plasmid pSym.
Nonnative speech recognition based on state-candidate bilingual model modification

The speech recognition accuracy has been observed to decrease for nonnative speakers, especially those who are just beginning to learn foreign language or who have heavy accents. This paper presents a novel bilingual model modiﬁcation approach to improve nonnative speech recognition, considering these great variations of accented pronunciations. Each state of the baseline nonnative acoustic models is modiﬁed with several candidate states from the auxiliary acoustic models, which are trained by speakers’ mother language. State mapping criterion and n-best candidates are investigated based on a grammar-constrained speech recognition system. Using the state-candidate bilingual model modiﬁcation approach, compared to the nonnative acoustic models which have already been well trained by adaptation technique MAP, a Relative reduction of 7.87% in Phrase Error Rate (RPhrER) was further achieved.
Patterns of Early-Life Gut Microbial Colonization during Human Immune Development: An Ecological Perspective

Alterations in gut microbial colonization during early life have been reported in infants that later developed asthma, allergies, type 1 diabetes, as well as in inflammatory bowel disease patients, previous to disease flares. Mechanistic studies in animal models have established that microbial alterations influence disease pathogenesis via changes in immune system maturation. Strong evidence points to the presence of a window of opportunity in early life, during which changes in gut microbial colonization can result in immune dysregulation that predisposes susceptible hosts to disease. Although the ecological patterns of microbial succession in the first year of life have been partly defined in specific human cohorts, the taxonomic and functional features, and diversity thresholds that characterize these microbial alterations are, for the most part, unknown. In this review, we summarize the most important links between the temporal mosaics of gut microbial colonization and the age-dependent immune functions that rely on them. We also highlight the importance of applying ecology theory to design studies that explore the interactions between this complex ecosystem and the host immune system. Focusing research efforts on understanding the importance of temporally structured patterns of diversity, keystone groups, and inter-kingdom microbial interactions for ecosystem functions has great potential to enable the development of biologically sound interventions aimed at maintaining and/or improving immune system development and preventing disease.
Good Clusterings Have Large Volume

The clustering of a data set is one of the core tasks in data analytics. Many clustering algorithms exhibit a strong contrast between a favorable performance in practice and bad theoretical worst-cases. Prime examples are least-squares assignments and the popular $k$-means algorithm. We are interested in this contrast and study it through polyhedral theory. Several popular clustering algorithms can be connected to finding a vertex of the so-called bounded-shape partition polytopes. The vertices correspond to clusterings with extraordinary separation properties, in particular allowing the construction of a separating power diagram, defined by its so-called sites, such that each cluster has its own cell. First, we quantitatively measure the space of all sites that allow construction of a separating power diagram for a clustering by the volume of the normal cone at the corresponding vertex. This gives rise to a new quality criterion for clusterings, and explains why good clusterings are also the most likely to be found by some classical algorithms. Second, we characterize the edges of the bounded-shape partition polytopes. Through this, we obtain an explicit description of the normal cones. This allows us to compute measures with respect to the new quality criterion, and even compute "most stable" sites, and thereby "most stable" power diagrams, for the separation of clusters. The hardness of these computations depends on the number of edges incident to a vertex, which may be exponential. However, the computational effort is rewarded with a wealth of information that can be gained from the results, which we highlight through some proof-of-concept computations.
Hospitalisations for sport-related concussions in US children aged 5 to 18 years during 2000–2004

Objectives: To describe patient and hospital characteristics associated with hospitalisation for a diagnosis of non-fatal sport-related concussion, and to determine factors associated with these hospitalisations. Methods: Children aged 5–18 years with a primary diagnosis of a sport-related concussion in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2000–2004) were identified. Length of stay and hospital charges for sport-related concussions were documented. Logistic regression was used to assess the association of patient or hospital characteristics with hospitalisations for sport-related concussion. Results: Between 2000 and 2004, a total of 755 non-fatal paediatric sport-related hospitalisations for concussion were identified. Nationwide, this represents 3712 hospitalisations and over US$29 million total hospital charges, with nearly US$6 million in total hospital charges per year. Over half (52.3%) of patients with concussion experienced loss of consciousness. Over 80% of the patients hospitalised for concussion received no procedures during their average 1.1 day (median 0.8 day) of hospital stay. Older age, but not gender, was associated with increased odds of sport-related hospitalisations for concussion. Non-teaching hospitals or hospitals in rural areas had significantly greater odds of admitting sport-related concussions versus other sport-related traumatic brain injuries compared with teaching or urban hospitals. Conclusions: Management of paediatric sport-related concussions varied, depending on the patient and the hospital. Better guidelines are needed for the identification and management of sport-related concussions. Standardised procedures for hospitals treating concussive injuries may also be warranted.
The Relationship between Food Preferences and Food Choice: A Theoretical Discussion

This paper discusses the relationship between food preferences and food choice. First, we aim to identify and point out what factors affect our food preferences and thereby try to explain the many reasons for differing food preferences. The underlying reasons might come from different sources, and this paper focuses on trying to fully grasp this complexity. We illustrate the variation of factors affecting our food preferences; biological/physiological, psychological and societal factors. Second, we aim to give a general overview over factors affecting food choice and the actual decision making process used by consumers. Third, we provide a brief discussion regarding the connection between food preferences and food choice. Finally, we conclude by stating that further insight is needed in areas such as cultural, historical and demographic factors. One solution to this could be to allow methodological influence from other disciplines such as social psychology.
The growth of private higher education in Brazil: implications for equity and quality

There has been a dramatic growth in private higher education in Brazil in recent years. The World Bank has promoted this expansion on the basis of the private providers’ ability to ensure a rapid increase in enrolment, to improve quality through competition between institutions and to bring benefits for society at little public cost. However, the charging of fees means that the majority of Brazilians do not have access, and that inequalities are reproduced due to the relation between course costs and the value of the final diploma. Equitable access is, therefore, far from being achieved and is unlikely even with an increase in student loans and government subsidies. The contribution of private universities to the long-term development of society is seen to be limited, due to lack of investment in research and academic staff.