Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non-Observance of Cooperative Principles in Spongebob Squarepants’ Episode “Home Sweet Pineapple”

This article attempts to seek out the non-observance of cooperative principles in animated series SpongeBob SquarePants episode ‘Home Sweet Pineapple’. The objects of the study is the spoken utterances by all the characters. The study applied linguistic and descriptive qualitative design as proposed by Sudaryanto (1993), Moleong (2004), Dorney (2007), and Lodico (2010). Note-taking technique is used in the data collection process. In the data analysis, the researcher employed the notion of non-observance of cooperative principles as proposed by Grice (1975), Thomas (1995), Cruse (2000), Grundy (2000), and Cutting (2002). The study results in three findings. Firstly, there are three kinds of non-observances of all four maxims: infringement, flout, and violation of four maxims. Next, Squidward tends to violate the maxims, whereas SpongeBob and Patrick tends to flout the maxims. Finally, the non-observance of the cooperative principles are successful in creating the humorous effect to the viewers.
An interpretative phenomenological study exploring the attitudes of first-time mothers towards sleep deprivation in the postpartum period

This study set out to explore first-time mother’s attitudes to sleep deprivation. During the transition to motherhood sleep deprivation is considered a ‘normal’ adjustment to motherhood. However, there is no evidence to suggest that new mothers are able to cope better with sleep deprivation or the detrimental impact on physical or psychological health compared to the population as a whole. Women often feel they should be able to manage the effects and are often unprepared for the reality when experiencing the effects. Guided by the philosophical assumptions of interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), this study explores the experience of maternal sleep deprivation through the voices of six first-time mothers. Testimonies were collected through face-to-face, semi-structured interviews during the postnatal period. Each testimony was analysed using Smith et al.’s (2009) IPA model. Four main themes emerged: power of the professional, relationship with child, transition of self and idealism vs reality. Women’s attitudes were influenced by their sense of identity defined through their relationships with professionals, their child and previous role. Attitudes are influenced by relational care: the ability of professionals and mothers to connect, be compassionate and explore sleep deprivation in collaboration. Training professionals and mothers in mindfulness, particularly ‘being present’, may have a positive impact on women’s attitudes to sleep deprivation including their ability to develop appropriate coping strategies.
‘Come this close, but no closer!’ Enclave tourism development and social change in Falmouth, Jamaica

ABSTRACT The dominant type of tourism development in Jamaica is enclave tourism, characterized by rapid mushrooming of mega all-inclusive facilities – the enclaves. Tourism activities might seem innocuous but on the outside of the enclaves, they often create stark physical and social barriers which exclude and restrict the movements of local populations. The broad objective of this study, which is influenced by the theory of space ‘purification’ by Sibley (D. (1995). Geographies of exclusion: Society and difference in the west. London and New York: Routledge. ), was to critically examine the exclusionary socio-cultural outcomes of tourism in the community of Falmouth, Jamaica, which has the most recent and largest cruise pier in the entire island. The empirical basis of this study centres on qualitative interviews, complemented by data from surveys with local residents. The principal finding of this research is that the Falmouth cruise pier is an ‘enclavic’ zone of inclusion of tourists but exclusion of the local residents, establishing a new wave of social change. The combination of physical boundaries such as perimeter walls and strong security presence in the town have been used to create and maintain social exclusiveness within the enclaves. Although there is some amount of social interaction between tourists and local residents, the research found that there is a general feeling of marginalization.
Une affaire de métacognition : l’autoévaluation des stratégies d’apprentissage par questionnaire

One of the relevant skills in self-regulated learning is the ability to self-evaluate one’s own way to learn, in other words it is necessary to hold metacognitive knowledge about one’s own learning strategies. Most studies in the field of self-regulated learning have relied on self-reported surveys in order to assess students’ learning strategies. These surveys have been criticized for their lack of direct relationship with a specific task and for their high level of complexity. Accordingly, their validity could be low. Thus, it is relevant to study how students self-assess their own learning strategies when completing such surveys: do students understand the items (i.e., the strategies) in as similar manner as the researchers ? When they formulate an answer, do students refer to relevant experiences ? Twenty-nine students aged 15 were individually interviewed according to a standardized procedure on their understanding and their interpretation of 13 items assessing metacognitive learning strategies (planning, monitoring, and regulation). Students’ answers were compared with expectations priorly stated by the researcher according to what constitutes an adequate interpretation of items, elaboration of an answer and choice of an answer. The results reveal students’ difficulties in self-evaluating their learning strategies by a survey, notably because of their metacognitive knowledge. Hence, despite adequate psychometric properties, the items are not exempt of validity issues. The study shed light on the issue of learning strategies’ self-evaluation in a new way.
Gendered addressing in Polish: How does a mismatch between addressee gender and the gender marking on second person verbs affect processing?

The use of masculine gender marking to refer to people of all genders in certain contexts is common across languages (e.g. Hellinger & Bussman, 2001). Studies on such generic usage of the masculine gender in the third person found that they are not interpreted as entirely genderneutral. Rather, they activate associations with men and favour men over women as referents during the comprehension process. However, less is known about the interpretation of masculine generics outside of the third person. This thesis, as far as I know, is the first attempt at studying the online processing of masculine generics in the second person. This is done through a selfpaced reading experiment on the processing of second-person singular past tense verbs in Polish. Such verbs require either feminine or masculine gender marking. In cases where the addressee can be of any gender, it is common to use masculine gender marking with a gender-unspecific intention. On the other hand, it is not possible to use feminine gender marking in a similar way. In the experiment, male and female Polish native speakers were presented with short narratives asking them to imagine themselves in specific scenarios. In the experimental texts, the crucial verb was either a second-person singular past tense verb with masculine gender marking, the same type of verb with feminine gender marking, or a gerund verb which cannot be marked for gender. It was hypothesised that both men and women would read the past tense verbs with gender marking mismatching their own gender more slowly than the gerund verbs. Furthermore, this effect was expected to be larger for men, for whom being addressed using feminine marking constitutes a pragmatic violation. However, these hypotheses were not supported. Instead, the results revealed that while the gender-mismatching verbs were read equally fast as the gerund verbs, the verbs with gender marking matching participant gender were read faster. Several possible explanations are offered for this effect, including that there is a baseline advantage of second-person singular verbs compared to gerund verbs. Ultimately, however, more research is needed to disambiguate the effect of second-person verb gender marking on processing.
Assessment of supervised industrial attachment of a technical and vocational teacher education program in Ghana

The Technical and Vocational Teacher Education Program of the University of Education, Winneba in Ghana, includes a compulsory supervised industrial attachment (SIA). This gives student teachers the opportunity to relate theory to practice and to be well prepared upon completion to prepare their students for success in further education and the workplace. This paper which is part of a larger study that assessed the SIA program focuses on the attainment of program objectives and program usefulness. Data were collected from 13 lecturers, 90 students and 22 workplace supervisors through a self-completion questionnaire. The reported findings were based on four-point Likert-type items relating to the attainment of program objectives (five items) and program usefulness (five items). Descriptive statistics, one way analysis of variance at 0.05 level of significance and Scheffe's post hoc test were used to analyse the data. The results showed that lecturers, students and workplace supervisors rated highly elements of program usefulness and the attainment of program objectives. Additionally, there was uniform agreement in the responses of respondents as there were no statistically significant differences in their ratings of all the items relating to attainment of program objectives and program usefulness except for their ratings regarding the opportunity for host organisations to reduce recruitment and training costs of workplace staff during attachment.
A cross-case analysis of ESD learning and development in UK business schools

Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) has found its way onto business school agendas with an increase in curricular engagement. With a large number of students obtaining business and management degrees, business schools are at the forefront of educating future business leaders, hence are in the spotlight of sustainability and responsibility debates. Academics are crucial in ESD research and teaching, yet their learning and development is still largely confined to the side-lines in academic debates, which is paradoxical given their role in educating future business leaders. This thesis investigates academics’ learning of ESD and their perceptions on professional development opportunities as a means to support curricular integration. A cross-case analysis of three UK business schools highlights similar barriers and drivers across universities, and shows that enthusiasts remain at the forefront of ESD integration, a process influenced by each institutional setting. Additionally, there is a fragmentation on how academics learn and develop their knowledge and skills and ESD learning. Other findings point to the marketisation of HE and changing academic role that constitutes a higher degree of pressure and additional responsibilities. Ultimately, ESD learning and integration are impacted through individuals’ lack of time to engage, a lack of funding and support and shifting priorities in research that is more likely to further their careers. The implications of this study are twofold, firstly suggesting that academics’ ESD development requires individuals, both enthusiasts and non-enthusiasts, to embrace other forms of learning such as social learning in order to increase collaborations across University departments and disciplines. This in turn ties in to ongoing institutional support for enthusiasts to pursue sustainability activities. Secondly, the changing role of academics has to be taken into consideration to contribute to a more realistic and systemic integration of ESD, by firmly prioritising the concept as part of institutions blue prints.
Student Perceptions of Inclusion at a Historically Black University

Abstract:In this study, student perceptions of diversity and inclusion at a Historically Black University were explored using a qualitative research methodology. Sixteen undergraduate and graduate students participated in individual and focus group interviews that examined faculty and peer relationships, campus programming, and methods of university communication. Findings revealed that students felt a strong sense of connection with their instructors, but social integration with peers was mixed. Using Tinto’s theory of student departure, we described student participants’ encounters with culturally relevant andragogy, student life programs, and interactions with classmates.
Demographic Factors and Sexual Self-Disclosure: HIV/AIDS Counselling Implications in Universities in Kenya

: The study set out to determine the relationship between student demographic factors and sexual self-disclosure with a view of discerning HIV/AIDS counselling implications in public universities in Kenya. Four hundred and fifty-six undergraduate students from Egerton University, Kenyatta University and University of Nairobi participated in the study. Results indicated that demographic factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, knowledge of languages and disabilities do not affect the level of sexual self-disclosure during voluntary counselling and testing (F (5, 449) = 2.21, p =. 266). Implications of these findings on HIV/AIDS counselling are discussed.
Non-for-Profits and EU Citizens’ Cross-Border Social Rights in Different Welfare States

Abstract This paper looks at rights in practice to understand how migrant EU citizens’ formal social rights translate into substantive ones. It highlights a factor thus far overlooked in the literature on welfare states and migrants’ social rights: namely, the actors involved in welfare delivery. The argument is based, first, on non-profit organisations’ (NPOs) function as ‘rights intermediaries’; and second, on the distinct make-up of the ‘welfare mix’ across countries, with which NPO’s role in the provision of services, and hence their capacities and autonomy, varies. Focusing on EU citizens’ cross-border social rights, and drawing on in-depth research in Germany and Sweden, the paper reveals how NPOs defend and facilitate access to rights in both countries. Yet NPOs’ extensive role in the German welfare sector generates greater capacities for NPOs to pursue inclusive objectives than what is available to their Swedish counterparts, which occupy a much more limited position as welfare providers. This, it is argued, can be important for understanding how boundaries of social citizenship are drawn in each country.
Critical limiting factors in the design of the eye and visual cortex

The main factors limiting the performance of the peripheral parts of the visual system can be specified, and doing this clarifies the nature of the interpretive tasks that must be performed by the central parts of the system. It is argued that the critical factor that hinders development of better resolving power is the difficulty of confining light within the waveguide-like outer segment, and that for sensitivity this critical factor is the thermal decomposition of photosensitive pigments. Knowledge of these limits makes many surprising details of the eye intelligible. Understanding the difficulties posed by the narrow dynamic range of nerve fibres may give similar insight into the coding of the retinal image for transmission to the brain. Our level of understanding changes when we come to the visual cortex, for although we do not lack good anatomical and neurophysiological data, these do not make the principles of operation self-evident in the way that the structure of the eye immediately suggests that it is an image-forming device. The cortex converts the representation of the visual field that it receives into reliable knowledge of the world around us, and the trouble may be that we lack good models of how this can be done. A system that can respond to single quanta and resolve almost to the diffraction limit is unlikely to employ grossly inefficient methods for those higher functions upon which its whole utility depends, and so it is worth seeking out the limiting factors. The quality of human performance at certain higher perceptual tasks is high compared with the limit of reliable statistical inference; hence mnuch of the sample of information available in a visual image must be effectively utilized. But there are strong limitations on the connectivity in the cortex, so that one is forced to consider how the relevant information can be collected together. Three stages of dealing with the visual image are proposed: the improvement of the cortical map in primary visual cortex by processes analogous to spatial and temporal interpolation; the detection of linking features in this map; and the concentration of this information by non-topographical mapping in adjacent visual areas.
Novel Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of a-fetoprotein: a biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence in patients with low a-fetoprotein concentrations

Background Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of a-fetoprotein (AFP-L3) is a specific marker used to detect hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its clinical utility is not sufficient in patients with low total AFP concentrations because of limitations in instrument sensitivity. Recent advances have led to the introduction of a highly sensitive AFP-L3% assay (sensitive AFP-L3%), provided by a novel on-chip, liquid-phase binding assay. This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the clinical significance of the sensitive AFP-L3% in determining HCC recurrence in patients with low total AFP concentrations. Methods A total of 370 consecutive patients with HCC were screened within 1‐3 months of locoregional treatment, and 215 of the 370 patients showed serum AFP \20 ng/ml. Total AFP, sensitive AFP-L3%, and desgamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) were measured in those 215 patients and HCC recurrence was evaluated by radiological findings. Optimal cutoff values of the markers for detecting HCC recurrence were obtained on the basis of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results The area under the ROC curve of the total AFP, sensitive AFP-L3%, and DCP in HCC patients with serum AFP\20 ng/ml were 0.638, 0.724, and 0.779, respectively. The diagnostic accuracies of the total AFP, sensitive AFPL3%, and DCP were 60.9% (cutoff value 5 ng/ml), 67.7% (cutoff value 7%), and 64.6% (cutoff value 40 ng/ml), respectively. Conclusions The new sensitive AFP-L3% assay provides great utility in determining HCC recurrence in patients with low AFP concentrations. Further studies focusing on the combinatorial use of the markers (total AFP, sensitive AFP-L3%, and DCP) are required.
A Framework for Multiple Ground Target Finding and Inspection Using a Multirotor UAS †

Small unmanned aerial systems (UASs) now have advanced waypoint-based navigation capabilities, which enable them to collect surveillance, wildlife ecology and air quality data in new ways. The ability to remotely sense and find a set of targets and descend and hover close to each target for an action is desirable in many applications, including inspection, search and rescue and spot spraying in agriculture. This paper proposes a robust framework for vision-based ground target finding and action using the high-level decision-making approach of Observe, Orient, Decide and Act (OODA). The proposed framework was implemented as a modular software system using the robotic operating system (ROS). The framework can be effectively deployed in different applications where single or multiple target detection and action is needed. The accuracy and precision of camera-based target position estimation from a low-cost UAS is not adequate for the task due to errors and uncertainties in low-cost sensors, sensor drift and target detection errors. External disturbances such as wind also pose further challenges. The implemented framework was tested using two different test cases. Overall, the results show that the proposed framework is robust to localization and target detection errors and able to perform the task.
Comparison of Psychological Status between Patients with SARS and Physicians, Nurses Treating SARS

Objective:To investigate psychological status of patients with SARS and that of physicians and nurses treating SARS Method:40 patients with SARS and 40 medical staffs treating SARS were assessed with SDS, SAS and SCL-90 Result:Both medical staffs and patients had higher scores of SAS, SDS and SCL-90 than Chinese norm There was no difference of the above indexes between patients and medical staffs
Classification of Sleep Apnea Severity by Electrocardiogram Monitoring Using a Novel Wearable Device

Sleep apnea (SA) is a prevalent disorder diagnosed by polysomnography (PSG) based on the number of apnea–hypopnea events per hour of sleep (apnea–hypopnea index, AHI). PSG is expensive and technically complex; therefore, its use is rather limited to the initial diagnostic phase and simpler devices are required for long-term follow-up. The validity of single-parameter wearable devices for the assessment of sleep apnea severity is still debated. In this context, a wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) acquisition system (ECG belt) was developed and its suitability for the classification of sleep apnea severity was investigated using heart rate variability analysis with or without data pre-filtering. Several classification algorithms were compared and support vector machine was preferred due to its simplicity and overall performance. Whole-night ECG signals from 241 patients with a suspicion of sleep apnea were recorded using both the ECG belt and patched ECG during PSG recordings. 65% of patients had an obstructive sleep apnea and the median AHI was 21 [IQR: 7–40] h−1. The classification accuracy obtained from the ECG belt (accuracy: 72%, sensitivity: 70%, specificity: 74%) was comparable to the patched ECG (accuracy: 74%, sensitivity: 88%, specificity: 61%). The highest classification accuracy was obtained for the discrimination between individuals with no or mild SA vs. moderate to severe SA. In conclusion, the ECG belt provided signals comparable to patched ECG and could be used for the assessment of sleep apnea severity, especially during follow-up.
Pulsation among TESS A and B stars and the Maia variables

Classification of over 50 000 TESS stars in sectors 1–18 has resulted in the detection of 766 pulsating main-sequence B stars as well as over 5000 δ Scuti, 2300 γ Doradus, and 114 roAp candidates. Whereas it has been assumed that high-frequency pulsations among B-type main-sequence stars are confined to the early B-type β Cephei stars, the observations indicate that high frequencies are to be found over the whole B-star range, eventually merging with δ Scuti stars. The cool B stars pulsating in high frequencies are called Maia variables. It is shown that Maia variables are not rapidly rotating and thus cannot be β Cephei pulsators that appear to have lower temperatures due to gravity darkening. In the region where β Cephei variables are found, the proportion of pulsating stars is larger and amplitudes are higher and a considerable fraction pulsate in a single mode and low rotation rate. There is no distinct region of slowly pulsating B stars (SPB stars). Stars pulsating solely in low frequencies are found among all B stars. At most, only one-third of B stars appear to pulsate. These results, as well as the fact that a large fraction of A and B stars show rotational modulation, indicate a need for a revision of current ideas regarding stars with radiative envelopes.