Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A 10 Years Comparative Study to Assess Trends in Seroprevalence of Transfusion Transmitted Infections among Blood Donors at Gwalior, India

Introduction: Transfusion Transmitted Infections (TTIs) threaten safety of the recipients and the community as a whole and are the subject of real concern worldwide. Aims and Objectives: To know the prevalence of transfusion transmitted infections amongst the blood donors, to evaluate the changing trends of TTIs and to compare these observations within the study as well as with the other relevant studies. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at Blood Bank, Department of Pathology, Gajra Raja Medical College, Gwalior, India, from January 2004 to December 2013 (ten years). Materials and Methods: In this study 122,006 voluntary and replacement donations were screened for TTIs; HIV, HBV, HCV, Syphilis, Malaria and their seroprevalence was calculated. Further study was divided in Group “A” (from 2004 to 2008) and Group “B” (from 2009 to 2013) to compare the results. Results: Out of total 122,006 blood units collected, 79,750 (65.3%) were voluntary and 42,256 (34.7%) were replacement donors. The seropositivity of TTIs in the entire study, in group “A” and in Group “B” was 3.26% (3985/122,006) (p = 0.000005), 2.25% (1238/54,874) (p = 0.000005) and 4.09% (2747/67,123) (p = 0.000005) respectively. In Group “A” and “B” seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV, Syphilis and Malaria was 0.29%, 1.16%, 0.61%, 0.06%, 0.11% and 0.13%, 3.15%, 0.24%, 0.17%, 0.03% respectively. Conclusion: Our study concluded that there was significant increase in seroprevalence of HBV and syphilis whereas decreasing pattern in HIV, HCV and Malaria was observed in last five years as compared to previous five years among the blood donors.
Relationship of Strength, Weight, Age, and Function in Ambulatory Children With Cerebral Palsy

Background: The natural history of ambulatory function in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) consists of deterioration over time. This is thought to be due, in part, to the relationship between strength and weight, which is postulated to become less favorable for ambulation with age. Methods: The study design was prospective, case series of 255 subjects, aged 8 to 19 years, with diplegic type of CP. The data analyzed for the study were cross-sectional. Linear regression was used to predict the rate of change in lower extremity muscle strength, body weight, and strength normalized to weight (STR-N) with age. The cohort was analyzed as a whole and in groups based on functional impairment as reflected by Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level. Results: Strength increased significantly over time for the entire cohort at a rate of 20.83 N/y (P=0.01). Weight increased significantly over time for the entire cohort at a rate of 3.5 kg/y (P<0.0001). Lower extremity STR-N decreased significantly over time for the entire cohort at a rate of 0.84 N/kg/y (P<0.0001). The rate of decline in STR-N (N/kg/y) was comparable among age groups of the children in the study group. There were no significant differences in the rate of decline of STR-N (N/kg/y) among GMFCS levels. There was a 90% chance of independent ambulation (GMFCS levels I and II) when STR-N was 21 N/kg (49% predicted relative to typically developing children). Discussion: The results of this study support the longstanding clinically based observation that STR-N decreases with age in children with CP. This decrease occurs throughout the growing years, and across GMFCS levels I to III. Independent ambulation becomes less likely as STR-N decreases. This information can be used to support the rationale, and provide guidelines, for a range of interventions designed to promote ambulation in children with CP.
Selective detection of bacteria in urine with a LRSPP waveguide biosensor

Laboratory experimentation demonstrates long range surface plasmon polaritons (LRSPP) waveguides as a useful biosensor to selectively detect gram negative bacteria in human urine. The biosensor can detect bacteria at concentrations of 10 CFU/ml, the internationally recommended threshold for diagnostic of urinary tract infection (UTI). Using a negative control solution at bacterial concentration 1000 X higher than the targeted bacteria in urine with a weak concentration of constituents, the power ratio between the negative control signal to the target bacteria signal is measured to be 6.7 on the first test and 2.5 for a lower bacterial concentration after regenerating the surface with SDS. Hence we report a conclusive demonstration of the LRSPP waveguide biosensor selectivity to the gram of bacteria in human urine.
Transient Recharge Estimability Through Field‐Scale Groundwater Model Calibration

The estimation of recharge through groundwater model calibration is hampered by the nonuniqueness of recharge and aquifer parameter values. It has been shown recently that the estimability of spatially distributed recharge through calibration of steady‐state models for practical situations (i.e., real‐world, field‐scale aquifer settings) is limited by the need for excessive amounts of hydraulic‐parameter and groundwater‐level data. However, the extent to which temporal recharge variability can be informed through transient model calibration, which involves larger water‐level datasets, but requires the additional consideration of storage parameters, is presently unknown for practical situations. In this study, time‐varying recharge estimates, inferred through calibration of a field‐scale highly parameterized groundwater model, are systematically investigated subject to changes in (1) the degree to which hydraulic parameters including hydraulic conductivity (K) and specific yield (Sy) are constrained, (2) the number of water‐level calibration targets, and (3) the temporal resolution (up to monthly time steps) at which recharge is estimated. The analysis involves the use of a synthetic reality (a reference model) based on a groundwater model of Uley South Basin, South Australia. Identifiability statistics are used to evaluate the ability of recharge and hydraulic parameters to be estimated uniquely. Results show that reasonable estimates of monthly recharge (<30% recharge root‐mean‐squared error) require a considerable amount of transient water‐level data, and that the spatial distribution of K is known. Joint estimation of recharge, Sy and K, however, precludes reasonable inference of recharge and hydraulic parameter values. We conclude that the estimation of temporal recharge variability through calibration may be impractical for real‐world settings.
Centralized sliding mode control with input delay of complex system: Application to a four tank system

This paper concerns the Discrete time Sliding Mode Control (DSMC) of complex system with input delay, the synthesized control law will be tested on a four tank hydraulic system. A predictor in discrete time is introduced to convert the original system with input delay to an equivalent system without the explicit appearance of time delay and makes the control problem solvable. Simulation studies show the effectiveness of the control scheme for large-scale systems.
Growth Curve Studies of the Suckling Mouse Cataract Agent in Individual Compartments of the Eye∗

Summary The suckling mouse cataract agent (SMCA) consistently causes cataracts, retinitis, and posterior uveitis in intracerebrally inoculated suckling mice. Sequential studies were performed of the level of virus infection in several compartments of eyes dissected at regular intervals following inoculation. The time of appearance of infection in the lens, retina, and posterior uveal tissues was closely correlated with the time of onset of pathologic changes. Peak levels of infection coincided with maximum inflammation in the retina and uvea. The decline of infection in these tissues was also correlated with the resolution of inflammation. However, virus content of the lens declined at a time when lens disease continued to progress. The incidence of eye infection detected by viral studies was identical to that observed by clinical and histopathological studies. The SMCA system appears to provide a useful model for the study of intraocular infection.
Vascular endothelial growth factor is sufficient to produce iris neovascularization and neovascular glaucoma in a nonhuman primate.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether the angiogenic peptide vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is sufficient to produce iris neovascularization in a nonhuman primate (Macaca fascicularis). METHODS Eight eyes of 4 animals were studied. The 165-amino acid isoform of human recombinant VEGF (VEGF165) was injected into the vitreous of 5 cynomolgus monkey eyes (doses ranging from 0.25-2.5 micrograms per injection). Equal amounts of inactivated human recombinant VEGF (2 eyes) or vehicle (1 eye) were injected into contralateral control eyes. Eyes were assessed by slitlamp biomicroscopy, tonometry, iris color photography, fluorescein angiography, histopathologic examination, and immunostaining with antibodies against proliferating cell nuclear antigen. RESULTS All 5 bioactive VEGF-injected eyes developed neovascularization with dilated and tortuous iris vessels that leaked fluorescein. None of the 3 control eyes exhibited any iris vascular changes. Inflammation was absent in both treatment groups. A dose response to VEGF was observed in the single animal that received 2.5 micrograms and 0.25 microgram in the right and left eyes, respectively. Iris vessel endothelial cells were positive for proliferating cell nuclear antigen in the bioactive VEGF-injected eyes only. Injections of 1.25 micrograms of VEGF every 3 days during a 30-day period produced advanced iris neovascularization, ectropion uvea, and neovascular glaucoma. CONCLUSIONS Intravitreal injections of recombinant human VEGF165 in amounts comparable with those measured in eyes with active neovascularization are sufficient to produce noninflammatory iris neovascularization in a nonhuman primate. Prolonged exposure to VEGF165 can produce ectropion uveae and neovascular glaucoma.
Differential HIV-1 Endocytosis and Susceptibility to Virus Infection in Human Macrophages Correlate with Cell Activation Status

ABSTRACT HIV-1 is an enveloped virus that enters target cells by fusion either directly at the plasma membrane or at the endosomal membrane. The latter mechanism follows a rapid engulfment of HIV-1 after its receptor engagement at the cell surface, and its scale depends on cellular endocytosis/degradation rates and virus fusion kinetics. HIV-1 has recently been shown to exploit a novel Pak1-dependent macropinocytosis mechanism as a way to productively infect macrophages. However, macrophages are highly heterogeneous cells that can adapt functionally to their changing environment, and their endosomal/lysosomal pathway is highly regulated upon cell activation. These changes might impact the ability of HIV-1 to exploit endocytosis as a way to productively infect macrophages. In this study, we compared HIV-1 endocytosis/degradation rates in nonactivated, M1-activated, and M2a-activated monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). We found that the rate of HIV-1 endocytosis was increased in M1-activated but decreased in M2a-activated MDMs. However, both M1 and M2a activations of MDMs led specifically to a greater clathrin-mediated endocytosis of HIV-1, which was independent of CD4 and CCR5 binding. Furthermore, clathrin-mediated endocytosis is unlikely to result in productive HIV-1 infection, given that it leads to increased viral degradation. Therefore, we suggest that viral fusion following endocytosis is restricted in activated macrophages.
Survey on Document Image Binarization for Degraded Document Images

: The Technology is connecting the whole world together by the medium of internet. Each segment of our data is present in the form of digital document. We can able to store, duplicate, and backup our data in digital form. But what we think about old data which is available in the form of traditional document. Sometimes the old documents plays important role in a major challenge. Many of the paper data is being degraded due to lack of attention. Many of these degraded documents have their front data mix up with rear data. To make this front data separate from backend data we have proposed binarized documentation technique. In this we firstly applying the invert contrast mechanism on degraded document. Then we are going to compare that with grey scald edge detection method and then we are applying the binarization method on that degraded image. This binarized image is further undergoes to the post processing module. The output of this all technique will produce a clear and binarized image.
PUTATIVE MEDIATOR ROLE OF ENDOTHELIN‐1 IN ASTHMA AND OTHER LUNG DISEASES

1. There is an increasing amount of research to implicate endothelin (ET)‐1, a member of a family of 21 amino acid peptides, as a potentially important mediator in pulmonary diseases, in particular asthma and pulmonary hypertension. Thus, ET‐1 fits several of the standard criteria that need to be fulfilled for a pathophysiologically relevant substance.
The history of neuroscience in autobiography

Previous Contributors Preface to Volume 1 Preface to Volume 6 Bernard W. Agranoff Emilio Bizzi Marian Cleeves Diamond Charles G. Gross Richard Held Leslie L. Iversen Masakazu Konishi Lawrence Kruger Susan E. Leeman Vernon B. Mountcastle Shigetada Nakanishi Solomon H. Snyder Nobuo Suga Hans Thoenen Index of Names
Knowledge and Perception about Pharmacovigilance among Pharmacy Students of Universities in Sana'a Yemen.

INTRODUCTION Pharmacists in community or hospital setting play a key role in reporting Adverse Drug Reaction (ADRs) during practice. Under reporting is considered as a profession malpractice worldwide. AIM To determine the level of knowledge and perception about phramacovigilance and ADRs reporting among final year pharmacy students of Universities in Sana'a Yemen. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study design was conducted among 385 final year pharmacy students. One public and four private universities were selected randomly using a validated self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire contained data about student demographic data, knowledge and perception about the ADRs. The data was analysed by SPSS program and Chi-square tests were used to assess the significance of association. RESULTS The male students were more knowledgeable than female (p=0.035), as well as private university students had better ideas on how to report ADRs than public university students (p=0.009). Private university students reported that pharmacovigilance topic is well covered in their curriculum compared to public university students (p≤0.001). A significant difference was seen amongst the students of public and private universities when asked about reporting ADRs in future, former found more confident (p≤0.001). Furthermore, the private university students also had more command on the concept of post-marketing surveillance than public university students (p≤0.001). The private university students in Yemen were more known to causality assessment of ADRs as compared to the students of public universities (p≤0.001). The results of perception revealed regarding perception toward ADRs and pharmacovigilance. Female students (p≤0.018) and private universities students (p≤0.001) had positive perception than male and public university students respectively. CONCLUSION The findings showed poor knowledge among students in Sana'a Universities and positive perception towards pharmacovigilance and ADRs reporting. A poor knowledge among the future pharmacists suggests need for educational interventions and improvement of strategies to ease the reporting mechanisms. Steps can be taken to improve pharmacovigilance tools and methods in Yemen as well as incorporating subjects of pharmacovigilance in the health faculty's curriculum in Yemen.
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a biomarker for acute kidney injury in children after cardiac surgery

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is still diagnosed by measuring the estimated creatinine clearance (eCCl), despite the fact that it may not change until 50% or more of kidney function has been lost. AKI after cardiac surgery is related to prolonged intensive care, decreased quality of life, and increased long term mortality. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) represents an early biomarker of AKI, which may be useful for assessing AKI in cardiac patients. Objective To determine the validity of urinary and plasma NGAL as biomarkers for AKI in children after cardiac surgery. Methods Subjects were children who underwent cardiac surgery in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia from August 2013 to January 2014. Serial urine and blood samples were analyzed for NGAL before surgery, as well as at 2h, 4h, 12h, and 24h after surgery. The AKI was established based on pRIFLE criteria. Estimated creatinine clearance (eCCl) was calculated from the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), according to age by the traditional Schwartz formula. Serum creatinine was assayed by the Jaffe method before surgery, as well as at 12h, 24h, 48h, and 72h after surgery. Results Of 20 subjects, 5 developed AKI. Urinary and plasma NGAL increased markedly at 2h postoperatively, as compared to eGFR which showed a rise at 12-48 h after cardiac surgery. Analysis of 2h post-operative urinary NGAL at a cut off value of 11.270ng/mL yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 1.00 (95%CI 2.63 to 12.13), with sensitivity and specificity of 100% each for AKI. In addition, 2h post-operative plasma NGAL at a cut off value of 8.385 ng/mL yielded an AUC of 1.00 (95%CI 3.71 to 12.15) with sensitivity and specificity of 100% each for AKI. Conclusion Urinary and plasma NGAL are valid as early biomarkers for AKI in children after cardiac surgery.
Analysis of Boneh-Shaw Finger Printing Codes under Majority Value Collusion Attacks

Lot of research has been done in the previous years to deal with threat of collusion attacks on finger printing codes. Digital fingerprints are code inserted in the media contents before distribution. Each fingerprinting code is assigned to an intended recipient. This fingerprinting code is used to track the culprit in case of illegal distribution of media contents by users. It is now possible for a group of users with different printing codes of the same content to collude together and collectively mount attack against fingerprints. Thus collusion attack poses a real challenge to protect the copyright of digital media. This paper presents an analysis of Boneh-Shaw finger printing codes under Majority Value collusion attacks.
Mo-doped TiO2 with enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity: a combined experimental and theoretical study.

In this paper, the effects of Mo doping on the geometrical, electronic, optical, and photocatalytic properties of TiO2 have been investigated theoretically and experimentally. The density functional theory based calculations show that Mo doping creates impurity states (Mo 4d) below the conduction band of TiO2 and the Fermi level is pinned inside the conduction band verifying n-type doping nature of the Mo in TiO2, which enhances its visible light absorption. Anatase TiO2 particles with Mo contents of 0.08, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and, 2.0 at. % were synthesized by hydrothermal method without any post heat treatment for crystallization. Experiment results show that Mo ions have been successfully doped into the TiO2 lattice. The morphology of TiO2 particles is nearly spherical and the grain size is uniformly distributed as about 10 nm. Synthesized sample with 0.1 at. % Mo doping concentration shows the best visible light photocatalytic activity due to the reduced band gap and improved electron-hole pairs separation. However, the photocatalytic activity of the sample with 2.0 at. % Mo is relatively low although its visible light absorption is the best among the samples. The enhanced recombination of electron-hole pairs caused by the excessive Mo doping concentration may account for it.
DMSense: A non-invasive Diabetes Mellitus Classification System using Photoplethysmogram signal

The alarming statistics of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Type 2 as the most common and prevalent disease in India and world over [1] has fuelled research in the direction of non-invasive and continuous monitoring of this disease. This paper describes a demonstration of an inexpensive mobile-phone based android application which can collect Photoplethysmogram (PPG) from fingertip via built-in camera and flash and transfer it to a high-end cloud server for early detection of DM. Additionally, this application allows continuous monitoring of DM patients can aid in assisting the short and long-term complication risks. The proposed application is targeted to cater to the inherent demand to for a mobile-based, pervasive system for continuous, non-invasive monitoring and detection of DM. Our application has been successfully deployed on Nexus 5 and tested on controlled and diabetic group with 80% specificity and 84% sensitivity for a 100 patient dataset and presented in this paper.
Relationship Between GAP‐43 Expression in the Dentate Gyrus and Synaptic Reorganization of Hippocampal Mossy Fibres in Rats Treated with Kainic Acid

Kainic acid‐induced seizures in adult rats produce neurodegeneration in the hippocampus followed by sprouting of the mossy fibres in the inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus and changes in GAP‐43 expression in the granule cells. In the present study we observed that 4 days after kainic acid injection a dense plexus of silver impregnated degenerating terminals detected by Gallyas's method and a decrease of GAP‐43 immunostaining was observed in the inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus indicating deafferentiation of this region. This was associated with the formation of an intense GAP‐43 immunostained band in the supragranular layer. MK‐801, a non‐competitive inhibitor of the NMDA receptor, which partially inhibited the behavioural seizures induced by KA, also protected from the inner molecular layer deafferentation and markedly reduced the expression of GAP‐43 mRNA in the granule cells and the intense GAP‐43 immunostained band in the supragranular layer, suggesting a relationship among these events. Two months after kainic acid injection the intense supragranular GAP‐43 positive band was no longer evident but the whole inner molecular layer appeared more labelled in association with the formation of the collateral sprouting of the mossy fibres in the inner molecular layer as detected by Timm's staining. These effects were also markedly reduced by the pretreatment with MK‐801. Taken together, these experiments indicate for the first time a direct relationship between the increase of GAP‐43 immunostaining in the inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus and the collateral sprouting of mossy fibres in this district in response to kainic acid induced seizures. This further supports the hypothesis that the early induction of GAP‐43 in granule cells may be one of the molecular mechanisms required for the synaptic reorganization of the mossy fibres.
Real-Time QoS Issues in Live Migration of Interdependent Virtual Machines

This paper, based on papers [1-3], presents and develops a mathematical model to meet the strict QoS constraints of (soft) real-time virtualized distributed applications while their hooting interdependent Virtual Machines (VMs) are undergoing a live migration. To this purpose, it is vital to take simultaneously into account the network resource requirements of a VM live migration, the datacenter SLAs contracts, and the quality of services of migrating interdependent applications. Set of simulations are executed and show that it is possible to respect SLAs contracts in a datacenter and to maintain QoS of interdependent applications while their hosting VMs undergoing live migrations.