Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AMP‐activated protein kinase is required for exercise‐induced peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ co‐activator 1α translocation to subsarcolemmal mitochondria in skeletal muscle

The transcriptional co‐activator peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ co‐activator 1α (PGC‐1α), in concert with mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam), has been implicated in the direct regulation of the mitochondrial genome. In humans, rats and mice, acute exercise was found to promote PGC‐1α translocation to subsarcolemmal (SS) mitochondria. In rats, treatment with 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide‐1‐β‐ribofuranoside induced both PGC‐1α and Tfam translocation and in addition PGC‐1α and Tfam were found to co‐locolize with α‐tubulin. In mice, rendering AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) inactive prevented PGC‐1α translocation. These data suggest that exercise causes translocation of PGC‐1α preferentially to SS mitochondria in an AMPK‐dependent manner.
Effects of essential oil exposure on salivary estrogen concentration in perimenopausal women.

OBJECTIVES The menopausal transition is the time from the onset of menstrual changes until one year after the final menstrual period. During this phase, perimenopausal women experience a variety of health-related symptoms, which seemingly derive from declining level of estrogen secretion. It has long been recognized that some essential oils have the efficacy of alleviating menopausal symptoms. On the basis of this, it is possible that these essential oils have the potency to facilitate estrogen secretion in women. The present study investigated this possibility by examining if the olfactory exposure to the essential oil increase salivary estrogen concentration. METHODS We tested the effect of ten essential oils; clary sage, frankincense, geranium, lavender, jasmine absolute, neroli, rose otto, ylang ylang, orange and roman chamomile, which are thought to relieve perimenopasal symptoms. RESULTS The results have shown increase of salivary estrogen concentration induced by exposure to geranium and rose otto compared to control odor. CONCLUSION Together with the previous studies, the present study may give support to the notion that olfactory exposure to some essential oils can influence salivary concentration of estrogen.
Medial edge epithelial cell fate during palatal fusion.

To explain the disappearance of medial edge epithelial (MEE) cells during palatal fusion, programmed cell death, epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, and migration of these cells to the oral and nasal epithelia have been proposed. However, MEE cell death has not always been accepted as a mechanism involved in midline epithelial seam disappearance. Similarly, labeling of MEE cells with vital lipophilic markers has not led to a clear conclusion as to whether MEE cells migrate, transform into mesenchyme, or both. To clarify these controversies, we first utilized TUNEL techniques to detect apoptosis in mouse palates at the fusion stage and concomitantly analyzed the presence of macrophages by immunochemistry and confocal microscopy. Second, we in vitro infected the MEE with the replication-defective helper-free retroviral vector CXL, which carries the Escherichia coli lacZ gene, and analyzed beta-galactosidase activity in cells after fusion to follow their fate. Our results demonstrate that MEE cells die and transform into mesenchyme during palatal fusion and that dead cells are phagocytosed by macrophages. In addition, we have investigated the effects of the absence of transforming growth factor beta(3) (TGF-beta(3)) during palatal fusion. Using environmental scanning electron microscopy and TUNEL labeling we compared the MEE of the clefted TGF-beta(3) null and wild-type mice. We show that MEE cell death in TGF-beta(3) null palates is greatly reduced at the time of fusion, revealing that TGF-beta(3) has an important role as an inducer of apoptosis during palatal fusion. Likewise, the bulging cells observed on the MEE surface of wild-type mice prior to palatal shelf contact are very rare in the TGF-beta(3) null mutants. We hypothesize that these protruding cells are critical for palatal adhesion, being morphological evidence of increased cell motility/migration.
Sources of discrepancies between a job exposure matrix and a case by case expert assessment for occupational exposure to formaldehyde and wood-dust.

Two methods used for retrospective evaluation of occupational exposures, a case by case assessment by expert and the application of a job exposure matrix (JEM), are compared using occupational histories collected for a case-control study on sinonasal cancer. The objective was to identify the main sources of discrepancies and to contribute to an optimal use of a JEM for population-based case-control studies. Comparisons were based on job periods, and were performed separately for two substances: formaldehyde and wood-dust. Job periods were classified according to the category of exposure assigned by the matrix, and to the probability and level of exposure assessed by the study expert. The sources of discrepancies were examined for job periods probably or definitely exposed according to the JEM and unexposed for the expert, or unexposed in the JEM and probably or definitely exposed to medium or high level for the expert. Such discrepancies were observed for 8% of the job periods for formaldehyde and 3% of the job periods for wood-dust. The agreement between the two approaches was better for wood-dust than for formaldehyde. The relative importance of different sources of discrepancies was not the same for formaldehyde and wood-dust. For formaldehyde a substantial part of the discrepancies was due to disagreements between the study expert and the matrix experts, which were mostly differences in threshold limits between 'not exposed' and 'definitely exposed at a low level'. Differences between experts' opinions did not explain the discordances observed for wood-dust. The presence of additional information in the questionnaire was an important source of discrepancy for the two substances. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium in Aqueous Medium with Zerovalent Iron

Hexavalent chromium, emanating primarily from the tannery and electroplating industries, can be reduced to the less toxic trivalent variety by several methods, including reduction with metallic iron. In the present work, electrolytic‐grade iron dust was used to reduce chromium(VI) in the form of potassium dichromate. Loading of iron dust was varied from 0.5 to 1.0 g in 50 mL of solution; the pH of the medium was varied from 1.5 to 3.5; and the initial concentration of the dichromate solution was varied from 50 to 125 mg/L. Under the specified experimental conditions, maximum removal of the hexavalent chromium achieved was approximately 90% of its original value. The time‐concentration data followed a pseudo‐first‐order kinetic model. The conversion and rate of reduction increased with an increase in iron loading and acidity of the medium, whereas an increase in the initial concentration of chromium(VI) caused a decrease in the reduction.
From natural fertility to family limitation: The onset of fertility transition in a sample of German villages

Utilizing data from a sample of German village genealogies, it is possible to document the changes in reproductive patterns on the family level that started to take place in Germany during the nineteenth century and formed the basis for the secular decline in fertility which eventually encompassed the entire country. One striking finding from this study was the substantial diversity among the small sample of villages in terms of the timing of the emergence of family limitation. While couples in all villages who married during the last half of the eighteenth century appeared to be characterized predominantly by natural fertility, the emergence of family limitation began as early as the turn of the nineteenth century in some places and as late as the end of the nineteenth century in others. Occupational differentials with respect to family limitation were also examined. There is little evidence that changes in birth spacing played an important part in the initial phase of the fertility transition. Rather, the underlying process appears to involve a change from fertility patterns that were characterized by the absence of parity-dependent control to one in which attempts to terminate childbearing in response to the number of children already born becomes-widespread,
A CMOS 6-Bit 16-GS/s time-interleaved ADC with digital background calibration

An 8-channel 6-bit 16-GS/s time-interleaved ADC was fabricated using a 65nm CMOS technology. Each A/D channel is a flash ADC using latch-type comparator with background offset calibration. Timing skews among the channels are also continuously calibrated in the background. The chip achieves 42.3dB SFDR and 30.8dB SNDR at 16 GS/s sampling rate.
Migration of Schwann cells from the distal stump of the sciatic nerve 1 week after transection: The effects of insulin and cytosine arabinoside

We have examined the migratory capacity of Schwann cells from the distal stump of a 1‐week transected sciatic nerve of adult rat for a distance of 10 mm. The distal stump was introduced into the open end of a silicone chamber packed with artificial fibrin sponge (Gelaspon) soaked in phosphate‐buffered saline (control chambers), cytosine arabinoside (Ara‐C) (0.05 mM), or insulin (40 U/ml). Migrating Schwann cells were distinguished from fibroblasts by the presence of non‐specific cholinesterase (nChE) activity and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The cells of distal stumps including Schwann cells accepted Gelaspon as a suitable adhesive substratum. In the chambers filled with Gelaspon soaked in phosphate‐buffered saline alone Schwann cells were outnumbered by fibroblasts. The addition of Ara‐C resulted in greater numbers of Schwann cells, which migrate longer distances into the chambers. The application of insulin enhanced Schwann cell migration as well. These morphologic observations were further supported by biochemical measurements of nChE activity. The results suggest an influence on Schwann cell migration by fibroblasts of connective tissue sheaths and a stimulation of Schwann cell migration by insulin. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Following Third Molar Surgery in an African Population

Introduction: Surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars is often associated with sequelae such as postoperative pain, facial edema, and limitation in mouth opening ability. These sequelae may result in changes in the patients' lifestyle and quality of life (QoL). Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars on patients' QoL in the immediate postoperative period (7 days). Materials and Methods: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Health Research and Ethics committee of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital. A total of 124 individuals with impacted mandibular third molars, who satisfied the inclusion criteria and consented to participate in this study, were included. The Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) QoL questionnaire was used to assess QoL. QoL was assessed preoperatively (baseline) and on postoperative days (PODs) 1, 3, and 7. Maximal interincisal mouth opening, facial width, and pain were also reviewed at all evaluation points. Data analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows (version 16.0, Chicago, IL, USA). Results: A total of 124 individuals were included in the final analysis. An age range of 18–51 years with a mean (±standard deviation) of 28.5 (7.4) years was observed. A male to female ratio of 1:1.5 was observed. The most frequently encountered type of impaction was the mesioangular impaction 51 (41.1%) and recurrent pericoronitis was the principal reason for extraction 53 (42.7%). The severity of the sequelae (pain, trismus, and facial edema) was maximal on the first POD. Patients' overall QoL deteriorated sharply on the first POD and subsequently improved. Conclusion: Surgical extraction of mandibular third molars is associated with worsening of patients' postoperative QoL in the immediate postoperative period. Prospective patients should be informed about this, and ways of reducing this untoward effect should be explored.
Controlling information asymmetry in equity crowdfunding

Abstract. Crowdfunding is a fast developing method of projects finance mobilization. However, weakness of trust and the associated problem of information asymmetry constrain risk sharing investments as well as equity crowdfunding. Reputation mechanism is one of the newest ways to address asymmetric information issue in web-based social networks. A reputational mechanism has been designed and named “Fame” in this paper specifically for equity crowdfunding systems to eliminate moral hazard and reduce asymmetric information. The term “Fame” is meant to capture the qualitative aspects of reputation such as trustworthiness, credibility, reliability of every individual member of an equity crowdfunding system. Fame is systematic, countable and computable (implicit and explicit) reputation monitoring mechanism. A game theory approach is employed using two different games: “without Fame” and “with Fame” games, to show that a “with Fame” crowdfunding game leads to better results. Moreover, net aggregate surplus in “with Fame” crowdfunding is larger than “without Fame” crowdfunding system. Keywords. Crowdfunding, Equity crowdfunding, Reputation mechanism, Mechanism of fame, Information asymmetry, Risk sharing. JEL. C70, D82, D85, D91, G23.
Building Capacity of Enterprise Power Grid: Theoretical Analysis and Route Selection—A Case Study of Henan Provincial Electric Power Grid

In the background of power system reform, this paper first analyzes the necessity and connotation of power capacity construction in power grid enterprises. Then, we choose the national power company of Henan province as the object of the case, carry on exploratory study for its capacity construction path The provincial power companies to provide capacity-building path to follow and reference; Finally, the provincial power company recommended the construction of the party as the company's development of the primary program, combined with the province's situation, the ability to choose the corresponding capacity as a short board to enhance the direction, from the organization, Capital, environment, talent, technology 5 levels to build capacity to enhance the security system. The study fills the theoretical gaps in the capacity building of state-owned enterprises, and provides the reference and path suggestions for power grid enterprises to do bigger and stronger through capacity building.
Audio and Text based Multimodal Sentiment Analysis using Features Extracted from Selective Regions and Deep Neural Networks

Sentiment analysis has emerged as a field, that has attracted a significant amount of attention over the last decade. This is the area of study to analyze people reviews, songs and attitudes from different types of data and classify whether it is a positive, negative or neutral. Recent advancement of social media which is an enormous ever-growing source has led people to share their views through various modalities such as audio, text and video. This source of information is important to automatically make out the sentiment embedded in the different types of data such as reviews and songs. In this thesis, an improved multimodal approach to detect the sentiment of product reviews and songs based on their multi-modality natures (audio and text) is proposed. The basic goal is to classify the input data as either positive or negative sentiment. Database used in this study are Spanish product reviews, Hindi product reviews and Telugu songs. Most of the existing systems for audio or speech based sentiment analysis use the conventional audio features which are extracted from entire signal, but they are not domain specific features to extract the sentiment. In this work, instead of extracting the features from entire signal, a specific regions of an audio signal have been identified and experiments are performed on these regions by extracting the relevant features. For songs data, experiments are performed over each song, and its beginning and ending regions. For all these cases, Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers are built using the prosody, temporal, spectral, tempo and chroma features. Experimental results shown that the ate of detecting the sentiment of a song is high at beginning of a song compared to its ending region and over the entire duration of the song. This is because, the instruments and vocals which convey the sentiment for beginning part of the song may or may not sustain throughout the song. For the reviews data, we could not perform these experiments because in such cases the sentiment may not be present at beginning or ending regions of an utterance. So for the reviews data, the stressed and normal regions are identified using the strength of excitation. From the stressed regions, Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) features are extracted and GMM classifier is built. Further, experiments are performed by extracting the prosody (energy, pitch and duration) and relative prosody features from both the regions and from the entire audio signal and a GMM classifier is built. From the results, it is observed that, the performance at specific regions is better as compared to the entire signal. It is also observed that, relative prosody features extracted from both the regions has high accuracy of detecting the sentiment compared to the prosody and MFCC features. This is because, the natural variations present in the prosody features are reduced using the relative prosody features.
Effect of transformational leadership on employees’ job satisfaction: An analysis of public sectors universities of Northern areas of KP, Pakistan

The aim of this study is to examine the impact of transformational leadership on employees’ job satisfaction. The study was conducted in the public sectors universities of northern area KPK, Pakistan. A sample size of 100 employees was selected using convenient sampling techniques. The data were collected from grade 16 and above employees’. A total of 130 questionnaires were distributed among these employees out of whom 100 filled questionnaires. Thus, the survey participation was 76.92%. These 100 properly filled questionnaires were used for data analysis. Data were analyzed through Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The result of the study shows that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between the job satisfaction and the intellectual stimulation of the transformational leadership. Therefore, steps needs to be taken to convince and prepare leaders in universities that focuses on this aspect of the transformational leadership. A larger sample size with the inclusion of other universities is recommended to further validate or otherwise the results of this study.
Crowdsourcing as an Example of Public Management Fashion

Crowdsourcing is a relatively new concept, which was defined for the first time only in 2006. The growing interest in crowdsourcing has been observed since 2010. As of that moment, the number of publications on crowdsourcing has been systematically increasing. The researchers' attention is frequently focused on the benefits possible to be obtained by the organization owing to crowdsourcing. Not without importance is the issue of cooperation with the crowd. Despite the growth tendency, it may still be ascertained that the multitude and diversity of approaches to crowdsourcing does not increase the chances for clarification and transparency. In their majority these papers are of a theoretical nature and rather dispersed and fragmentary. As a whole they do not make reference to the achievements of the predecessors. The subject of this chapter is searching for an answer to the question whether crowdsourcing displays the features of a public management fashion.
Arthroscopic and histologic analysis of human patellar tendon autografts used for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

To evaluate the fate of patellar tendon autografts in humans, the knees of 23 patients who had undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were exam ined 3 weeks to 6.5 years postoperatively. Arthroscopy and biopsy were performed on all patients. The patellar tendon autografts progressed through four stages of ligamentization after reconstruction. The first stage of repopulation occurred during the first 2 months and was evidenced by a viable 3-week speci men with an increasing fibroblast number and active nuclear morphology. Over the next 10 months, the graft went through a stage of rapid remodeling in which the fibroblast count increased markedly, the active nuclear morphology and neovascularity remained increased, and more areas of degeneration were present as the percentage of mature collagen decreased. The third stage or "maturation" stage occurred over the next 2 years and was characterized by a slow decline in the nuclei and the maturation of the collagen matrix. By 3 years the grafts were ligamentous by all histologic criteria examined. The authors conclude that human autogenous patel lar tendon grafts are viable as early as 3 weeks post operatively and may not go through a necrotic stage. They then progress through a prolonged process of ligamentization that takes as long as 3 years to com plete.