Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Abnormal High-Density Lipoproteins in Overweight Adolescents With Atherogenic Dyslipidemia

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate high-density lipoprotein functionality and the cardiovascular risk factor profile in the overweight pediatric population. We hypothesized that overweight adolescents with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and elevated triglyceride plasma levels have metabolic abnormalities and dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein particles, similar to those reported in adults. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Overweight adolescents with (group 1 [n = 21]) and without (group 2 [n = 36]) atherogenic dyslipidemia (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: ≤40 mg/dL and triglycerides: ≥150 mg/dL) and normal-weight normolipidemic subjects, as a reference (group 3 [n = 36]), were included. The cardiovascular risk factor profile (lipids, lipoproteins, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and insulin), high-density lipoprotein subclass distribution, composition, and cholesterol efflux capacity were studied. RESULTS: Group 1 adolescents showed abnormalities in high-density lipoprotein subclass distribution and high-density lipoprotein chemical composition, as well as a significantly lower capacity to promote cholesterol efflux (14.8 ± 2.8, 16.5 ± 3.8, 20.4 ± 3.5, for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively). High-density lipoprotein2a (R2 = 0.212, β = 0.472, P < .0001) and the Tanner score (R2 = 0.054, β = −0.253, P = .02) were the independent predictors of cholesterol efflux. Group 1 also showed a higher degree of cardiovascular abnormalities (an adverse lipoprotein profile, greater insulin resistance and systemic inflammation; and lower low-density lipoprotein size) than group 2, even after BMI and Tanner score adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that atherogenic dyslipidemia identifies overweight adolescents with quantitative, qualitative, and functional high-density lipoprotein abnormalities. Atherogenic dyslipidemia seems to be a marker of an increased risk for developing cardiovascular disease and indicates that those adolescents should be a target of aggressive prevention programs and lipid management guidelines.
Genetic structure in natural populations of flukes and snails: a practical approach and review

Several aspects of the coevolutionary dynamics in host-parasite systems may be better quantified based on analyses of population structure using neutral genetic markers. This includes, for example, the migration rates of hosts and parasites. In this respect, the current situation, especially in fluke-snail systems is unsatisfactory, since basic population genetics data are lacking and the appropriate methodology has rarely been used. After reviewing the forces acting on population structure (e.g. genetic drift or the mating system) and how they can be analysed in models of structured populations, we propose a simplified, indicative framework for conducting analyses of population structure in hosts and parasites. This includes consideration of markers, sampling, data analysis, comparison of structure in hosts and parasites and use of external data (e.g. from population dynamics). We then focus on flukes and snails, highlighting important biological traits with regard to population structure. The few available studies indicate that asexual amplification of flukes within snails strongly influences adult flukes populations. They also show that the genetic structure among populations in strongly affected by traits in other than snails (e.g. definitive host dispersal behaviour), as snails populations have limited migration. Finally more studies would allow us to deepen our current understanding of selective interference between flukes and snails (e.g. manipulation of host mating system by parasites), and evaluate how this affect population structure at neutral markers.
Improving Escalation of Care: Development and Validation of the Quality of Information Transfer Tool

Objective:To develop and provide validity and feasibility evidence for the QUality of Information Transfer (QUIT) tool. Background:Prompt escalation of care in the setting of patient deterioration can prevent further harm. Escalation and information transfer skills are not currently measured in surgery. Methods:This study comprised 3 phases: the development (phase 1), validation (phase 2), and feasibility analysis (phase 3) of the QUIT tool. Phase 1 involved identification of core skills needed for successful escalation of care through literature review and 33 semistructured interviews with stakeholders. Phase 2 involved the generation of validity evidence for the tool using a simulated setting. Thirty surgeons assessed a deteriorating postoperative patient in a simulated ward and escalated their care to a senior colleague. The face and content validity were assessed using a survey. Construct and concurrent validity of the tool were determined by comparing performance scores using the QUIT tool with those measured using the Situation-Background-Assessment-Recommendation (SBAR) tool. Phase 3 was conducted using direct observation of escalation scenarios on surgical wards in 2 hospitals. Results:A 7-category assessment tool was developed from phase 1 consisting of 24 items. Twenty-one of 24 items had excellent content validity (content validity index >0.8). All 7 categories and 18 of 24 (P < 0.05) items demonstrated construct validity. The correlation between the QUIT and SBAR tools used was strong indicating concurrent validity (r = 0.694, P < 0.001). Real-time scoring of escalation referrals was feasible and indicated that doctors currently have better information transfer skills than nurses when faced with a deteriorating patient. Conclusions:A validated tool to assess information transfer for deteriorating surgical patients was developed and tested using simulation and real-time clinical scenarios. It may improve the quality and safety of patient care on the surgical ward.
Sleep disorders and sleep effect in Parkinson's disease

It has been suggested that sleep may have a positive effect on morning motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). We examined this possibility and also looked at common sleep disorders in PD. Seventy‐eight PD patients and 43 normal elderly subjects answered a questionnaire. Of the PD patients, 43.6% reported improved motor symptoms in the morning, 37.2% worse, and 19.2% unchanged compared to the rest of the day. No difference was found between morning‐better and ‐worse groups with respect to age, duration or stage of PD; antiparkinsonian medications utilized, and predominant motor symptoms. However, the morning‐same group had a shorter duration of PD and less severe disease and required fewer dopaminergic medications. Sleep disorders were seen with equal frequency in the morning‐better and ‐worse groups. Our results suggest that sleep does not have a direct effect on morning motor function. Alterations in morning motor symptomatology probably represent a manifestation of motor fluctuations. Sleep fragmentation and spontaneous daytime dozing occurred much more frequently in PD patients than controls. In addition, nocturnal vocalizations and daytime hallucinations occurred only in the PD group.
The Second American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Medicine Assessment of Ultrasound-Guided Regional Anesthesia: Executive Summary

Objectives: In 2009 and again in 2012, the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine assembled an expert panel to assess the evidence basis for ultrasound guidance as a nerve localization tool for regional anesthesia. Methods: The 2012 panel reviewed evidence from the first advisory but focused primarily on new information that had emerged since 2009. A new section was added regarding the accuracy and reliability of ultrasound for determining needle-to-nerve proximity. Jadad scores are used to rank study quality. Grades of recommendations consistent with their level of evidence are provided. Results: The panel offers recommendations based on synthesis and analysis of literature related to (1) the technical capabilities of ultrasound equipment and its operators, (2) comparison of ultrasound to other methods of nerve localization with regard to block characteristics, (3) comparison of block techniques where ultrasound is the sole nerve localization modality, and (4) major complications. Assessment of evidence strength and recommendations are made for upper- and lower-extremity, truncal, neuraxial, and pediatric blocks. Conclusions: Scientific evidence from the past 5 years has clarified and strengthened our understanding of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia as a nerve localization tool. High-level evidence supports ultrasound guidance contributing to superior characteristics with selected blocks, although absolute differences with the comparator technique are often relatively small (especially for upper-extremity blocks). The clinical meaningfulness of these differences is likely of variable importance to individual practitioners. The use of ultrasound significantly reduces the risk of local anesthetic systemic toxicity as well as the incidence and intensity of hemidiaphragmatic paresis, but has no significant effect on the incidence of postoperative neurologic symptoms. What's New in This Update? This evidence-based assessment of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia reviews findings from our 2010 publication and focuses on new meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and large case series published since 2009. New to this exercise is an in-depth analysis of the accuracy and reliability of ultrasound guidance for identifying needle-to-nerve relationships. This version no longer addresses ultrasound for interventional pain medicine procedures, because the growth of that field demands separate consideration. Since our 2010 publication, new information has either supported or strengthened our original conclusions. There is no evidence that ultrasound is inferior to alternative nerve localization methods.
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome 21 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Chronic ingestion of alcohol impacts multiple

Alcohol withdrawal syndrome is a significant problem that can complicate underlying disease states and lead to serious clinical consequences. The recognition of the early signs and symptoms of this syndrome, as well as the identification of those at highest risk for developing it, is crucial for effective prevention and management. Multiple pharmacotherapy options exist, and therapy should be guided on the basis of patient-specific factors and clinical presentation. The optimal care of these patients is dependent on a multidisciplinary approach to provide appropriate evaluation, treatment, and follow-up.
Aménager un port de pèche et de tourisme de façon durable : formes et contenus d'une expérience pédagogique européenne

De septembre 2006 a mars 2007, trente cinq etudiants issus de cinq formations europeennes en amenagement-urbanisme ont realise un travail preparatoire sur la problematique des ports et des littoraux, puis se sont reunis en Italie, pendant onze jours, pour elaborer un projet d'amenagement sur un cas concret : Cesenatico (station balneaire et port de peche du littoral adriatique). Les modalites de travail etaient celle de l'atelier intensif (Workshop) regroupant 6 equipes mixtes composees pour chacune d'entre elles d'etudiants issus de formations et de pays differents. L'analyse du contenu des projets porte essentiellement sur le traitement des grands enjeux de la station portuaire (debordement des canaux lors des fortes pluies, requalification de l'immobilier touristique des annees 60 et 70 , variabilite saisonniere de la frequentation), sur la coherence entre le diagnostic et les propositions et sur l'articulation des differentes echelles de projet (site / ville portuaire / problematiques regionales). L'analyse de la forme porte sur les modalites du travail collectif dans des equipes mixtes, les methodes utilisees et les contraintes imposees. Les changements de lieu et de cadre, le travail dans l'urgence, ont destabilise les etudiants et affaibli leurs schemes de pensee habituels. Neanmoins une reconfiguration rapide de leurs modes de pensee a ete necessaire au travail d'atelier. Les projets issus de cet atelier sont tres marques par leur propre experience d'une part et par les valeurs dominantes de l'urbanite europeenne d'autre part : desir d'une station ludique, festive, accessible par les transports en commun ou le vegetal est fortement present.
A novel suboptimal SDMA grouping algorithm for multiuser MIMO-OFDMA systems

Wireless communication systems based on multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) in combination with orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and space division multiple access (SDMA) are flexible, spectrally efficient and of high capacity. These systems can allocate frequency, time, and space resources adaptively among mobile stations (MSs). In order to perform an effective resource allocation (RA), MSs must be organized into groups containig MSs with best average sum rate. Since frequency and time resources could be designed orthogonal, the problem of grouping remains only for the space resource. Complexity of the grouping algorithm is also an issue, especially when the number of MSs is high. In this paper, a novel suboptimal grouping algorithm is proposed. A new metric is also introduced to measure the efficiency of a RA strategy.
Three new karst-dwelling Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Squamata; Gekkoniade) from Peninsular Thailand and the phylogenetic placement of C. punctatonuchalis and C. vandeventeri

Three new species of Rock Geckos Cnemaspis lineogularis sp. nov., C. phangngaensis sp. nov., and C. thachanaensis sp. nov. of the chanthaburiensis and siamensis groups are described from the Thai portion of the Thai-Malay Peninsula. These new species are distinguished from all other species in their two respective groups based on a unique combination of morphological characteristics, which is further supported by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 gene (ND2). Cnemaspis lineogularis sp. nov. is differentiated from all other species in the chanthaburiensis group by having a smaller maximum SVL 38 mm, 13 paravertebral tubercles, enlarged femoral scales, no caudal bands, and a 19.5–23.0% pairwise sequence divergence (ND2). Cnemaspis phangngaensis sp. nov. is differentiated from all other species in the siamensis group by having the unique combination of 10 infralabial scales, four continuous pore-bearing precloacal scales, paravertebral tubercles linearly arranged, lacking tubercles on the lower flanks, having ventrolateral caudal tubercles anteriorly present, caudal tubercles restricted to a single paraveterbral row on each side, a single median row of keeled subcaudals, and a 8.8–25.2% pairwise sequence divergence (ND2). Cnemaspis thachanaensis sp. nov. is distinguished from all other species in the siamensis group by having 10 or 11 supralabial scales 9–11 infralabial scales, paravertebral tubercles linearly arranged, ventrolateral caudal tubercles anteriorly, caudal tubercles restricted to a single paravertebral row on each side, a single median row of keeled subcaudal scales, lacking a single enlarged subcaudal scale row, lacking postcloaclal tubercles in males, the presence of an enlarged submetatarsal scale at the base if the 1st toe, and a 13.4–28.8% pairwise sequence divergence (ND2). The new phylogenetic analyses place C. punctatonuchalis and C. vandeventeri in the siamensis group with C. punctatonuchalis as the sister species to C. huaseesom and C. vandeventeri as the sister species to C. siamensis, corroborating previous hypotheses based on morphology. The discovery of three new karst-dwelling endemics brings the total number of nominal Thai Cnemaspis species to 15 and underscores the need for continued field research in poorly known areas of the Thai-Malay Peninsula, especially those that are threatened and often overlooked as biodiversity hot spots.
L’impact de l’expérience sur la performance du groupe. Le cas de l’équipe nationale de football du Brésil de 1954 à 2010

L’objectif de cet article est d’approfondir l’analyse du lien entre experience professionnelle et performance du groupe. Pour ce faire, nous etudions de maniere conjointe les effets de l’accumulation et de la diversite en experience professionnelle sur la performance du groupe a travers la proposition d’une typologie. Cette typologie est ensuite testee aupres des equipes de football du Bresil ayant participe a quinze coupes du monde (1954-2010). Les resultats montrent que l’accumulation d’experience, c’est-a-dire la selection des joueurs les plus experimentes possibles, ne garantit pas une performance elevee du groupe. En revanche, les equipes faiblement experimentees mais dotees d’un petit nombre d’individus « experts », correspondent a la configuration la plus performante.
Renal arginine synthesis: studies in vitro and in vivo.

Renal arginine synthesis is a major endogenous source of arginine. Argininosuccinate lyase occurs almost exclusively in kidney cortex. In studies with isolated renal cortical tubules, we observed rapid rates of arginine synthesis from citrulline, provided a source of the N atom of the guanidino group of arginine was supplied. Aspartate, glutamate, or glutamine were effective, whereas glycine, alanine, serine, or NH4Cl were ineffective as this second substrate. Arginine synthesis as a function of citrulline concentration was determined and was found to be highly sensitive to citrulline concentrations in the physiological range (60 microM), suggesting that renal arginine synthesis in vivo could be regulated by circulating citrulline levels. Therefore, arginine synthesis by the kidney was investigated in vivo by measuring the net flux of citrulline and arginine in saline-infused (control group) and citrulline-infused rats. In normal animals, uptake of citrulline was 60.5 +/- 20.7 nmol.min-1.100 g body wt-1, and a similar arginine release was observed. Citrulline infusion that increased circulating citrulline levels fourfold resulted in a similar increase in renal citrulline uptake (224 +/- 33 nmol.min-1.100 g-1) and a similar increase in renal production of arginine. The results suggest that the availability of citrulline is a limiting factor for renal arginine synthesis in rats.
Design of low voltage low power dual-band LNA with forward body biasing technique

A low voltage, low power dual band Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) is presented in this paper. By employing a forward body bias of the MOSFET and current reuse topology the LNA can be operated at reduced supply voltage and power consumption while maintaining high gain due to its topology. Using 0.18 um CMOS process the LNA is designed at 2.4 GHz and 5.2GHz with 13.1 dB and 14.2 dB voltage gains and 2.9dB and 2.6dB NF respectively with 0.7V supply voltage and 3mW power consumption.
Species traits affect the performance of species distribution models for plants in southern California

Questions: To what extent do plant species traits, including life history, life form, and disturbance response characteristics, affect the degree to which species distributions are determined by physical environmental factors? Is the strength of the relationship between species distribution and environment stronger in some disturbance-response types than in others? Location: California southwest ecoregion, USA. Methods: We developed species distribution models (SDMs) for 45 plant species using three primary modeling methods (GLMs, GAMs, and Random Forests). Using AUC as a performance measure of prediction accuracy, and measure of the strength of species–environment correlations, we used regression analyses to compare the effects of fire disturbance response type, longevity, dispersal mechanism, range size, cover, species prevalence, and model type. Results: Fire disturbance response type explained more variation in model performance than any other variable, but other species and range characteristics were also significant. Differences in prediction accuracy reflected variation in species life history, disturbance response, and rarity. AUC was significantly higher for longer-lived species, found at intermediate levels of abundance, and smaller range sizes. Models performed better for shrubs than subshrubs and perennial herbs. The disturbance response type with the highest SDM accuracy was obligate-seeding shrubs with ballistic dispersal that regenerate via fire-cued germination from a dormant seed bank. Conclusions: The effect of species characteristics on predictability of species distributions overrides any differences in modeling technique. Prediction accuracy may be related to how a suite of species characteristics co-varies along environmental gradients. Including disturbance response was important because SDMs predict the realized niche. Classification of plant species into disturbance response types may provide a strong framework for evaluating performance of SDMs.
Seasonal heat balance in the upper 100 m of the equatorial Atlantic Ocean

The variability of sea surface temperature (SST) in the equatorial Atlantic is characterized by strong cooling in May-June and a secondary cooling in November-December. A numerical simulation of the tropical Atlantic is used to diagnose the different contributions to the temperature tendencies in the upper ocean. Right at the equator, the coolest temperatures are observed between 20°W and 10°W due to enhanced turbulent heat flux in the center of the basin. This results from a strong vertical shear at the upper bound of the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC). Cooling through vertical mixing exhibits a semiannual cycle with two peaks of comparable intensity. During the first peak, in May-June, vertical mixing drives the SST while during the second peak, in November-December, the strong heating due to air-sea fluxes leads to much weaker effective cooling than during boreal summer. Seasonal cooling events are closely linked to the enhancement of the vertical shear just above the core of the EUC, which appears to be not driven directly by the strength of the EUC but by the strength and the direction of the surface current. The vertical shear is maximum when the northern branch of the South Equatorial Current is intense. The surface cooling in the eastern equatorial Atlantic is not as marked as in the center of the basin. Mean thermocline and EUC rise eastward, but a strong stratification, caused by the presence of warm and low-saline surface waters, limits the vertical mixing to the upper 20 m and disconnects the surface from subsurface dynamics.
Operator Dynamics Consideration for Less Conservative Coupled Stability Condition in Bilateral Teleoperation

Bilateral teleoperation control systems are designed for guaranteed stability against uncertainties in operator and environment dynamics. In this paper, we study the effect of human operator dynamics on the coupled stability by incorporating the operator dynamics in the master-slave network. We will analytically prove and graphically show that for any potentially unstable control architecture, as the operator minimum damping grows, the teleoperation system can stably tolerate a larger range of variations in the environment impedance parameters. More importantly, we will demonstrate how the proposed coupled stability analysis method can be utilized to design stabilizing controllers for enhanced transparency, given a priori knowledge or online estimate of human operator damping.