Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural and geometric changes in iliac bone: Relationship to normal aging and osteoporosis

We Measured Indices Of Bone Volume (Cancellous And Cortical) And Bone Surface (Cancellous, Endocortical, And Intracortical) In Intact, Full‐Thickness Transiliac Bone Biopsies Obtained From 47 Healthy White Women (23 Premenopausal And 24 Postmenopausal) And 82 Patients With Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. In The Normal Subjects There Was The Expected Loss Of Cancellous Bone With Age, Best Shown By A Reduction In Bone Surface/Tissue Volume, But No Fall In Cortical Thickness With Age Despite A Significant Reduction In Forearm Bone Density Measured By Single‐Photon Absorptiometry. Bone Surface/Bone Volume Was About Four Times Higher In Cancellous Than In Cortical Bone, And Cancellous Bone Contributed About One‐Third Of The Total Bone Volume And About Two‐Thirds Of The Bone Surface When Related To The Core Volume Referent. In The Osteoporotic Patients, Core Width, An Index Of Iliac Bone Thickness At The Biopsy Site, Was Reduced By 10%, But We Could Not Determine Whether This Was The Result Of Compaction Of The Core Or Of Bone Slenderness. All Indices Of Bone Volume, Cortical As Well As Cancellous, Were Significantly Smaller, As Were The Values For Forearm Bone Densitometry; The Relative Deficits At Different Sites Depended On Whether They Were Expressed As Percentages Or As Z Scores. Bone Surface/Bone Volume Was Increased In Both Cancellous And Cortical Bone, But Bone Surface/Tissue Volume Was Reduced In Cancellous Bone And Increased In Cortical Bone. The Proportions Of Total Bone Volume And Surface Contributed By Cancellous And Cortical Bone Were Almost The Same As In Normal Postmenopausal Women. We Reached The Following Conclusions: (1) Age‐Related Bone Loss In Normal Subjects Is More Difficult To Detect By Histomorphometry Than By Densitometry. (2) Cortical Bone Loss May Be Slower In The Axial Than In The Appendicular Skeleton. (3) The Amount Of Bone Is Reduced At All Sites In Osteoporotic Patients; The Deficit Is Not Necessarily Greater In Cancellous Than In Cortical Bone But May Be Greater In The Axial Than In The Appendicular Skeleton. (4) Cortical Bone Contributes Relatively Less Volume And Relatively More Surface In The Axial Then In The Appendicular Skeleton. (5) Depending On The Location And The Referent, Bone Surface And Volume May Change In The Same Or In Opposite Directions, With Consequences For The Time Course Of Bone Loss And The Relationships Between Biochemical And Histologic Indices Of Bone Remodeling.
Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D responses of younger and older men to three weeks of supplementation with 1800 IU/day of vitamin D.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare changes in plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels of younger and older men after three weeks of oral vitamin D supplementation. METHODS Nine younger men (22 to 28 years) and nine older men (65 to 73 years) with self-reported vitamin D intakes below 200 IU/d were enrolled in February and randomized to 1800 IU/d of ergocalciferol (vitamin D2, n=11) or to a control group (n=7) and followed for three weeks. Blood was collected at baseline, and after one, two and three weeks for measurement of plasma concentrations of total 25(OH)D, 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3. RESULTS In both the younger and older supplemented men, 25(OH)D2 and total 25(OH)D concentrations increased significantly during the study, whereas values of these metabolites did not change in younger or older control subjects. No group showed significant changes in 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. There was a significant interaction between age group and supplement group, suggesting that the effect of vitamin D2 supplementation on changes in 25(OH)D2 changes with age. The mean increase in 25(OH)D2 was greater in the younger supplemented men than in the older supplemented men (37+/-9 nmol/L vs. 19.5 nmol/L, p=0.027), and this accounted for their significantly greater increase in total 25(OH)D. CONCLUSION These data are consistent with an age-related decline in the absorption, transport or liver hydroxylation of orally-consumed vitamin D.
A Survey on Mobile Data Uses

Mobile devices leave an unprecedented volume and variety of digital traces of human beings. In this paper, the authors propose an overview of multiple uses of mobile data published in the scientific literature. The organization of the survey follows a typology built on two criteria: interaction level and focus of analysis. Crossing these two dimensions would suggest 8 research areas. Only 4 of them are actually covered by the collected pieces of work. They are discussed in turn showing off the main characteristics of them. Finally, the discussion of the 4 remaining areas highlights new research areas with a special focus on the possibility to use mobile data to influence individual users towards efficient collective behaviors. To conclude, current and future research avenues suggest that mobile devices and their underlying data are likely to be employed in many domains and may be used not only to observe human life but also to influence it.
Epidemiology of Male Sexual Dysfunction

Male sexual dysfunction includes erectile dysfunction (ED), ejaculation disorders, orgasmic dysfunctions, and disorders of sexual interest/desire. Although current epidemiologic research supports the high prevalence of ED worldwide, incidence data are limited. Furthermore, prevalence data on other male sexual dysfunctions are also limited whereas incidence data are lacking. These epidemiologic data vary widely due to the different definitions used, the method of sampling, and the unknown value of the instruments used to assess sexual dysfunction. Many of the epidemiologic studies are old and associated with poor methodology. Although risk factors for ED are well described, there are almost no data for risk factors in other sexual dysfunctions. The impact of modification of risk factors in sexual dysfunctions is extremely interesting. To provide evidence-based data, there is an urgent need for new, properly designed epidemiological research.
A Step Towards More Robust Signal Pattern Recognition with Echo State Networks

Echo State Networks are a powerful tool in the field of pattern recognition. Previous research has shown that they are suitable for solving highly involved tasks such as speech recognition. This project presents a technique for further improving their robustness in the face of distortions. The technique fulfills the goal of creating a computationally inexpensive control tool that helps the network ’see’ the original signal in a stream of data occluded by distortions.
Active venoconstriction is/is not important in maintaining or raising end-diastolic volume and stroke volume during exercise and orthostasis.

The following letter is in response to the Point:Counterpoint “Active venoconstriction is/is not important in maintaining or raising end-diastolic volume and stroke volume during exercise and orthostasis” that appeared in the October issue. To the Editor : Hainsworth and Drinkhill ([4][1])
Survival of a child with spinal muscular atrophy and acute respiratory distress syndrome

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a lower motor neuron anterior horn cell disease, causes significant respiratory morbidity and mortality in children. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) accounts for 1–4% of all Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) admissions. Management outcomes for ARDS in patients with SMA have not been described. We present the case of a 5‐year‐old boy with Type II SMA and ARDS requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. He improved with meticulous management of mechanical ventilation, airway clearance, fluid/nutrition, and sedation/analgesia. He was successfully extubated after 14 days of invasive mechanical ventilation and discharged home after a 20 day hospitalization. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:E29–E31. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Radiation effects on the surfaces of the Galilean satellites

The surfaces of Jupiter's moons are profoundly weathered by jovian charged particle and solar ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Although early observations of the Galilean satellites suggested that their reflectance spectra were modified by energetic particles, it has only recently been shown quantitatively that radiolysis and photolysis, the chemical alteration of a surface by charge-particles and by the solar UV, are in fact occurring on the surfaces of these moons.
Threshold photodetachment of H-

The electron affinities of atomic hydrogen and deuterium have been determined by tunable-laser threshold-photodetachment spectroscopy: the electron affinities of H ({ital F}=0) and D ({ital F}=1/2) are 6082.99{plus minus}0.15 and 6086.2{plus minus}0.6 cm{sup {minus}1}, respectively. The value for H is a 20-fold improvement over previous experimental determinations.
Shigatoxin producing Escherichia coli in dairy cattle in Northern Germany : prevalence and influences on shedding patterns

The relevance of Shigatoxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is justified by the caused serious diseases in combination with a low infectious dose. This study aimed for the identification and evaluation of risk factors in fecal shedding of STEC in dairy cows. The longitudinal design of the study permitted to follow the STEC-shedding of selected cows over the period of twelve months. Overall, 24.7% (407) of 1,646 fecal samples were positive for STEC by PCR. The inner herd prevalence varied from 11.1% to 32.3%. The month of sampling, the number of lactations and days in milk, the nutritional condition, the somatic cell count, the content of protein in milk and the presence of a continuously positive cow in the herd were identified to have a significant influence on shedding of STEC. As already confirmed for the serogroup O157, first calvers, cows in early lactation and dry cows also formed a group of higher risk for the other STECserogroups. The late summer months (August, September, and October) were analyzed as season with higher prevalences. Isolated bovine STEC mainly possessed the genes for stx2 and EHEC-hlyA (434 isolates, 39.3%), and stx1, stx2 and EHEC-hlyA (311 isolates, 28.1%), which represent potentially pathogenic virulence profiles for humans.
Label propagation for clustering

Label propagation is a heuristic method initially proposed for community detection in networks, while the method can be adopted also for other types of network clustering and partitioning. Among all the approaches and techniques described in this book, label propagation is neither the most accurate nor the most robust method. It is, however, without doubt one of the simplest and fastest clustering methods. Label propagation can be implemented with a few lines of programming code and applied to networks with hundreds of millions of nodes and edges on a standard computer, which is true only for a handful of other methods in the literature. In this chapter, we present the basic framework of label propagation, review different advances and extensions of the original method, and highlight its equivalences with other approaches. We show how label propagation can be used effectively for large-scale community detection, graph partitioning, identification of structurally equivalent nodes and other network structures. We conclude the chapter with a summary of the label propagation methods and suggestions for future research.
Microbial Population Structures in the Deep Marine Biosphere

The analytical power of environmental DNA sequences for modeling microbial ecosystems depends on accurate assessments of population structure, including diversity (richness) and relative abundance (evenness). We investigated both aspects of population structure for microbial communities at two neighboring hydrothermal vents by examining the sequences of more than 900,000 microbial small-subunit ribosomal RNA amplicons. The two vent communities have different population structures that reflect local geochemical regimes. Descriptions of archaeal diversity were nearly exhaustive, but despite collecting an unparalleled number of sequences, statistical analyses indicated additional bacterial diversity at every taxonomic level. We predict that hundreds of thousands of sequences will be necessary to capture the vast diversity of microbial communities, and that different patterns of evenness for both high- and low-abundance taxa may be important in defining microbial ecosystem dynamics.
Common features and surgical interference in a prevalent oral cancer in Saudi Arabia

Oral carcinoma is the third most common malignant neoplasm in the Western region of Saudi Arabia. Its specific pathological features and possible aetiological factors contributing to its high incidence are discussed. The role of 'Shamma', which is a quid used by many local inhabitants, is also discussed. Our experience with the first four cases treated by surgery is presented. Recommendations are made for the early diagnosis and detection of oral carcinoma in this region.
The Age-Related Decline in Resting Energy Expenditure in Humans Is Due to the Loss of Fat-Free Mass and to Alterations in Its Metabolically Active Components 1

There is conﬂicting evidence as to whether the age-related decline in resting energy expenditure (REE) can be attributed to i ) absolute changes in fat-free mass (FFM), ii ) alterations in the composition of FFM or iii ) decreasing organ metabolic rates. This study directly addressed the ﬁrst and second hypotheses by quantiﬁ-cation of metabolically active components of FFM assuming constant tissue respiration rates to calculate REE (REEc). REE was measured (REEm) in 26 young (13 females, 13 males, age 22–31 y) and 26 elderly subjects (15 females, 11 males, age 60–82 y) by indirect calorimetry and detailed body composition analysis was obtained using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and MRI. Speciﬁc organ metabolic rates were taken from the literature. REEm adjusted for differences in FFM was lower in older subjects than in younger control subjects (5.43 (cid:1) 0.61 MJ/d compared with 6.37 (cid:1) 0.48 MJ/d; P (cid:2) 0.001). Skeletal muscle mass plus liver mass accounted for 86% and 48% of the variance in REE in young and elderly subjects, respectively. The difference between REEm and REEc was 0.03 (cid:1) 0.40 MJ/d and (cid:3) 0.36 (cid:1) 0.70 MJ/d in young and elderly subjects, respectively. In the elderly 58% of the difference in variance was attributed to heart mass. REEm (cid:3) REEc was (cid:3) 1.40 (cid:1) 0.44 MJ/d in subjects with hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy, i.e., heart mass (cid:4) 500 g, suggesting a decrease in heart metabolic rate with increasing heart mass. Excluding ﬁve elderly subjects with cardiac hypertrophy resulted in agreement between REEm and REEc in the elderly ( (cid:3) 0.10 (cid:1) 0.48 MJ/d). We concluded that the age-related decline in REE is attributed to a reduction in FFM as well as in proportional changes in its metabolically active components. There is no evidence for a decreasing organ metabolic rate in healthy aging. J. Nutr. 133: 2356–2362, 2003.
Immunohistochemical demonstration of epidermal growth factor in the lacrimal and submandibular glands of rats

Abstract. The extraorbital and intraorbital lacrimal glands, the Harderian glands, and the submandibular glands of five rats were excised after ethanol perfusion under general anesthesia. Indirect immunohistochemistry with antibodies specific to epidermal growth factor (EGF) was performed. EGF‐like immunofluorescence (EGF‐LI) was shown to be present both in the lacrimal glands (extra‐ and intraoribtal) and in the submaxillary gland. In the lacrimal glands the specific immunoreaction appeared within the lumen of the acini and the cells of the tubular ducts close to the acini. Only faint EGF‐LI was observed within the acinar cells. The submandibular glands showed intense EGF‐LI only in the cells of the granular convoluted tubules. The Harderian gland did not show any EGF‐LI. The results strongly support the idea that the lacrimal gland is a source of EGF in tear fluid (TF). Diseases of the lacrimal gland therefore may lead to decreased concentrations of EGF in tears. This may account in part for the pathophysiology of tear deficiency syndromes and may serve as the basis of a new rationale for the external application of EGF.
In vivo effects of macrophage colony‐stimulating factor on human monocyte function

Summary. Macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF) is reported to enhance a variety of functions of mature monocyte/macrophages in vitro. We have examined the effects of a 2 h intravenous infusion of M‐CSF obtained from human urine (hM‐CSF) on haematological parameters and selected monocyte functions. There was a rapid, small, but consistent reduction in Hb concentration (mean 6·5 ± 2·3%, P <0·0005 by paired t test) by the completion of the hM‐CSF infusion and small, transient falls in platelet, monocyte and neutrophil counts were noted in the 2 h following the end of the infusion. No effect on monocyte or neutrophil CD11b cellular adhesion molecule expression was detected. Exposure to hM‐CSF in vivo did not directly stimulate the monocyte respiratory burst, but increased the percentage of monocytes responding to f‐met‐leu‐phe from 9·8 ± 2·5 to 16·6 ± 4·2 (P < 0·01). The number of Candida ingested and degraded per 100 monocytes increased from 101 ± 14 pre‐infusion to 160 ± 22 post‐infusion (P < 0· 01). There was a rapid increase in the numbers of monocytes entering a skin window membrane from a mean of 226±71 pre‐infusion to 1064 ± 404 at the end of the infusion, with no effect on neutrophil migration. These data show that the administration of hM‐CSF enhances several of the functions of peripheral blood monocytes in vivo, and this may be of benefit in the treatment of selected infections.
The Neverending Runtime: Using new Technologies for Ultra-Low Power Applications with an Unlimited Runtime

Many wireless sensor network scenarios dictate tight node size and weight limits. Still a long, if possible infinite, mission lifetime is demanded. To fulfill these contradicting requirements, we propose ECON1 a tailored combination of an energy harvesting device with a new nano-power sleep mode that requires near zero power and preserves the application state. An operating system agnostic system software layer combined with NVRAM enables lightweight mode transitions between nano-power sleep mode and normal operation. Furthermore, by introducing a new ultra-low power management circuit we can tolerate power outages that may occur when the power consumption outperforms the harvested energy. ECON has been evaluated using a Texas Instruments MSP430 node equipped with non-volatile FeRAM. Our nano-power sleep mode drains 3.7 times less power than the best onboard available sleep mode. Entering and leaving this mode is worthwhile when the microcontroller idles for more than 1.01 ms.
Desynchronization of pulse-coupled oscillators in cycle networks: A hybrid systems approach

This paper deals with the problem of desynchronization of pulse-coupled oscillators in a cycle network. We model the network of pulse-coupled oscillators as a hybrid system. Relations between the solutions of the hybrid system and the network topology are established. The stability properties of the system are obtained by the use of the hybrid systems framework. Finally, some numerical results are presented.
Accommodation of single amino acid insertions by the native state of staphylococcal nuclease

Single alanine and glycine insertions were introduced at 20 randomly selected positions in staphylococcal nuclease. The resulting changes in catalytic activity and in stability to guanidine hydrochloride denaturation indicate that the native state structure is frequently able to accommodate the extra residue without great difficulty, even insertions within secondary structural elements such as alpha helices and beta sheets. On average, an inserted residue reduces the free energy of denaturation (ΔG H 2O ) by an amount roughly comparable to an alanine or glycine substitution for one of the residues flanking the site of insertion. Several positions outside of the enzyme active site were found where insertions, but not substitutions, lead to structural changes that modify catalytic activity and the circular dichroism spectrum. Amino acid insertions represent a virtually unexplored class of genetic mutation that may prove complementary to amino acid substitutions for engineering proteins with altered functional and structural properties.
Trends in treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injuries of the knee in the public and private healthcare systems of Brazil

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Orthopedic surgery implies high costs for both public and private healthcare. The aim of this study was to better understand the differences between the public and private sectors regarding treatment of a damaged anterior cruciate ligament, which is a common knee injury. DESIGN AND SETTING: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted during the Brazilian Orthopedics Congress in Brasília. METHODS: We applied questionnaires during the 2010 Brazilian Orthopedics Congress, with participation by 241 knee surgeons from 24 Brazilian states. This was followed by statistical analysis on the data that were obtained. RESULTS: The orthopedic surgeons who were evaluated used different approaches and treatment options in different Brazilian states, comparing between the public and private systems. CONCLUSION: Both in the public and in the private systems in Brazil, because of non-medical issues surrounding the treatment, the best medical decision is not always made. This may be harmful both to patients and to physicians.
Energy harvesting with 3D-printed electrostatic generators

An investigation is made about the practicability of building electrostatic generators suitable for energy harvesting applications using 3D-printed electromechanical structures. The generators are based on variable capacitors, using structures similar to Bennet's doubler, or more complex charge multipliers. Normal ABS plastic is used for insulating and mechanical structures, and conductive ABS is used for conducting parts as capacitor plates. As these generators work at very high impedance levels, the relatively high resistivity of the material used as conductor has acceptably small effect, and the technique can be used as an inexpensive alternative for experimenting with generator structures.