Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Semi-Supervised Bilingual Lexicon Induction with Two-way Interaction

Semi-supervision is a promising paradigm for Bilingual Lexicon Induction (BLI) with limited annotations. However, previous semisupervised methods do not fully utilize the knowledge hidden in annotated and nonannotated data, which hinders further improvement of their performance. In this paper, we propose a new semi-supervised BLI framework to encourage the interaction between the supervised signal and unsupervised alignment. We design two message-passing mechanisms to transfer knowledge between annotated and non-annotated data, named prior optimal transport and bi-directional lexicon update respectively. Then, we perform semi-supervised learning based on a cyclic or a parallel parameter feeding routine to update our models. Our framework is a general framework that can incorporate any supervised and unsupervised BLI methods based on optimal transport. Experimental results on MUSE and VecMap datasets show significant improvement of our models. Ablation study also proves that the two-way interaction between the supervised signal and unsupervised alignment accounts for the gain of the overall performance. Results on distant language pairs further illustrate the advantage and robustness of our proposed method.
Dispersal and Recruitment in Streams: Evidence from Genetic Studies

Analysis of genetic variation among populations of stream invertebrates provides a measure of the consequences of effective dispersal, and can be used to determine the extent of movement within and between streams and to infer the likely mechanisms involved. In our recent studies of rainforest stream invertebrates, we have found considerable genetic differentiation among populations of fully aquatic taxa, indicating limited in-stream movement on a very small scale. Adult flight appears to be the principal mechanism of dispersal for aquatic insects; however, analysis of the genetic structure of larval populations of some species also suggests that in-stream movement is limited to a small spatial scale. Furthermore, detailed analysis of the genetic structure of larval populations suggests that recruitment at the reach scale is the result of only a few adult matings and most likely from oviposition by only a few females. We propose that dispersal capability and the stochastic effects of recruitment are key determinants of observed spatial and temporal variation in community structure in some streams.
Applying Graph-based Deep Learning To Realistic Network Scenarios

Recent advances in Machine Learning (ML) have shown a great potential to build data-driven solutions for a plethora of network-related problems. In this context, building fast and accurate network models is essential to achieve functional optimization tools for networking. However, state-of-the-art ML-based techniques for network modelling are not able to provide accurate estimates of important performance metrics such as delay or jitter in realistic network scenarios with sophisticated queue scheduling configurations. This paper presents a new Graph-based deep learning model able to estimate accurately the per-path mean delay in networks. The proposed model can generalize successfully over topologies, routing configurations, queue scheduling policies and traffic matrices unseen during the training phase.
Full-stack Hybrid Beamforming in mmWave 5G Networks

This paper analyzes Hybrid Beamforming (HBF) and Multi-User Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MU-MIMO) in millimeter wave (mmWave) 5th generation (5G) cellular networks considering the full protocol stack with TCP/IP traffic and MAC scheduling. Prior work on HBF and MU-MIMO has assumed full-buffer transmissions and studied link-level performance. We report non-trivial interactions between the HBF technique, the front-loaded channel estimation pilot scheme in NR, and the constraints of MU-MIMO scheduling. We also report that joint multi-user beamforming design is imperative, in the sense that the MU-MIMO system cannot be fully exploited when implemented as a mere collection of single-user analog beams working in parallel. By addressing these issues, throughput can be dramatically increased in mmWave 5G networks by means of Spatial Division Multiple Access (SDMA).
Efficient estimation of material property curves and surfaces via active learning

The relationship between material properties and independent variables such as temperature, external field or time, is usually represented by a curve or surface in a multi-dimensional space. Determining such a curve or surface requires a series of experiments or calculations which are often time and cost consuming. A general strategy uses an appropriate utility function to sample the space to recommend the next optimal experiment or calculation within an active learning loop. However, knowing what the optimal sampling strategy to use to minimize the number of experiments is an outstanding problem. We compare a number of strategies based on directed exploration on several materials problems of varying complexity using a Kriging based model. These include one dimensional curves such as the fatigue life curve for 304L stainless steel and the Liquidus line of the Fe-C phase diagram, surfaces such as the Hartmann 3 function in 3D space and the fitted intermolecular potential for Ar-SH, and a four dimensional data set of experimental measurements for BaTiO3 based ceramics. We also consider the effects of experimental noise on the Hartmann 3 function. We find that directed exploration guided by maximum variance provides better performance overall, converging faster across several data sets. However, for certain problems, the trade-off methods incorporating exploitation can perform at least as well, if not better than maximum variance. Thus, we discuss how the choice of the utility function depends on the distribution of the data, the model performance and uncertainties, additive noise as well as the budget.
Optimal Quantisation of Probability Measures Using Maximum Mean Discrepancy

Several researchers have proposed minimisation of maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) as a method to quantise probability measures, i.e., to approximate a target distribution by a representative point set. Here we consider sequential algorithms that greedily minimise MMD over a discrete candidate set. We propose a novel non-myopic algorithm and, in order to both improve statistical efficiency and reduce computational cost, we investigate a variant that applies this technique to a mini-batch of the candidate set at each iteration. When the candidate points are sampled from the target, the consistency of these new algorithm - and their mini-batch variants - is established. We demonstrate the algorithms on a range of important computational problems, including optimisation of nodes in Bayesian cubature and the thinning of Markov chain output.
EFFECTS OF TRITERPENOIDS FROM GANODERMA LUCIDUM (LEYSS. EX FR.) KARST ON THREE DIFFERENT EXPERIMENTAL LIVER INJURY MODELS IN MICE

AIM To study the effect of triterpenoids isolated from Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. ex Fr.) Karst on three models of experimental liver injury in mice. METHODS The experimental models of liver injury were induced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl 4), D galactosamine( D Gal) and Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) plus lipopolysaccharides(LPS) in mice. The serum ALT and liver TG were measured by colorimetric and Fletcher methods. The histopathologic change of the liver was assayed in mice. RESULTS GT(80 mg·kg -1 ) and GT 2(10,20,40 mg·kg -1 ), as malotilate, were shown to significantly inhibit the increase of serum ALT and liver triglyceride levels induced by CCl 4, D Gal or BCG plus LPS and improve the histopathologic change of liver injury in different degrees. CONCLUSION The triterpenoids isolated from Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. ex Fr.) Karst showed powerful protective effect against liver damage induced by CCl 4, D gal and BCG plus LPS.
Wolbachia confers sex-specific resistance and tolerance to enteric but not systemic bacterial infection in Drosophila

Wolbachia-mediatedprotection against viral infection has been extensively demonstrated in Drosophila and in mosquitoes that are artificially inoculatedwith D. melanogaster Wolbachia (wMel), but to date no evidence for Wolbachia-mediated antibacterial protection has been demonstrated in Drosophila.Here we show that D. melanogaster carrying wMel shows reduced mortality during enteric – but not systemic - infection with the opportunist pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and that protection is more pronounced in male flies. Wolbachia-mediated protection is associated with increased early expression of the antimicrobial peptide attacinA, followed by increased expression of a ROS detoxification gene (gstD8), and other tissue damage repair genes which together contribute to greater host resistance and disease tolerance. These results highlight that the route of infection is important for symbiont-mediated protection from infection, that Wolbachia can protect hosts by eliciting a combination of resistance and disease tolerance mechanisms, and that these effects are sexually dimorphic.
Microalbuminuria, early blood pressure elevation, and diabetic renal disease

Microalbuminuria is a key measurement for detecting early renal disease, especially in diabetes. Importantly, microalbuminuria also has been shown to predict morbidity and mortality in the general population, where it may be associated with changes characteristic of the so-called metabolic syndrome: hypertension, elevated triglyceride levels, glucose intolerance, obesity, and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In several screening studies, microalbuminuria was found in 5% to 10% of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The transition from normo-to microalbuminuria is seen in approximately 3% of patients with IDDM per year, and the risk increases with higher HbA1c, increases in blood pressure, and an above-normal albumin excretion rate. Parental hypertension is not seen more frequently in microalbuminuric individuals. To detect a correlation between albuminuria and blood pressure, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure recordings represent a clear advantage. In patients with non-IDDM, microalbuminuria is associated with elevated blood pressure, and indeed an elevated prediabetic blood pressure may predict future renal damage, at least in some populations. The albumin molecule is stable in laboratory handling, and several assays are now available. However, there is considerable variability in excretion rate, but with repeated measurements, patients usually remain in the categories normomicro-, or macroproteinuric. Microalbuminuric patients with IDDM clearly show early glomerulopathy with abnormalities in the typical glomerular parameters, such as basement membrane thickening as well as mesangial expansion. Microalbuminuria is associated with a poor prognosis, and therefore, this parameter offers an ideal entrance criteria for clinical trials. Antihypertensive treatment clearly stabilizes or reduces microalbuminuria and seems to prevent a fall in glomerular filtration rate. Translated into clinical practice, this means that microalbuminuric patients should be treated with antihypertensive agents, in particular angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (plus small doses of diuretics), unless microalbuminuria is very limited, stable, or decreasing. Monitoring for microalbuminuria is essential in monitoring complications among diabetic patients.
Effect of Micro-Wave Irradiation on Potato Starch Granules

The effect of micro-wave irradiation at 2,450MHz on potato starch was studied. The irra diation was carried out on the starch in a closed test tube at various temperatures (final tempera tures, 85-150°C) and at various moisture levels (moisture contents of starch, 5-25%). In contrast to the treatment by conductive heating (heat-moisture treatment), which changes the "B" X-ray diffraction pattern of potato starch to the "A" pattern, the micro-wave heating does not cause such transition, but weakens the sharpness of the pattern showing the increase of amorphous region. The sharpness of B-crystalline peaks of the treated starches was partially recovered by steeping in water. On the other hand, the gelatinization properties of micro-wave irradiated starches were similar to those of the heat-moisture treated starch. The susceptibility of starch to the amylases (α-amylase, glucoamylase) was found to be increased greatly by micro-wave irradiation in parallel with the increase of the adsorption capa bility to amylases.
Globular Embryo Induction of Sugar Palm (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.)

Abstract—The objective of this study was to get the best media to produce somatic embryos from zygotic embryos of sugar palm. This research was conducted at Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University from October 2012 to April 2013. This research consisted of three phases which were callus induction, globular embryo induction, and globular embryo maturation. Sterilization using NaOCl 1.575 % and alcohol 96 % was able to provide the most sterile explants for treatment A1 (MS + 3 mg l -1 2,4-D + 2 mg l -1 NAA) of 89 % (16/18). During callus induction phase, embryogenic callus were mostly formed at treatment A5 (MS + 3 mg l -1 2,4D + 0.2 mg l -1 NAA + 100 mg l -1 biotin) which is 73.4 % after 8 weeks. All explants were able to form globular embryos on media B3 (callus A1 to media MS + 4 mg l -1 Kinetin), B6 (callus A1 to media MS + 1 mg l -1 Kinetin + 0.1 mg l -1 TIBA), B12 (callus A2 to media MS + 0.1 mg l -1 Kinetin + 1 mg l -1 TIBA), and B14 (callus A2 to media MS + 1 mg l -1 Kinetin + 1 mg l -1
Avaliação de marcadores inflamatórios, da modulação do sistema nervoso autonômico e de suas associações na fragilidade de idosos

Introducao: Sarcopenia, estado inflamacao cronica e diminuicao da modulacao autonomica cardiaca sao frequentemente descritos em idosos frageis. No entanto, o papel da inflamacao e diminuicao da modulacao autonomica em perda de massa muscular associada ao envelhecimento deve ser esclarecido. Objetivo: identificar, em idosos frageis e robustos residentes na comunidade, correlacoes entre alteracoes autonomicas, niveis sericos de marcadores bioquimicos de inflamacao e diminuicao da forca e do desempenho muscular. Resultados: 98 voluntarios frageis e robustos com idade de 60 anos ou mais foram submetidos a avaliacao clinica, exames laboratoriais e analise da variabilidade da frequencia cardiaca em decubito dorsal e em ortostase. O logaritmo natural do indice de variabilidade da frequencia cardiaca baixa frequencia (LF) foi inversamente relacionado com o marcador bioquimico da inflamacao fibrinogenio em idosos com fragilidade (p=0,046), mas nao em robustos. Nao houve associacao entre indices de variabilidade da frequencia cardiaca e marcadores bioquimicos de inflamacao interleucina-6 e proteina C reativa ultrassensivel. Velocidade da marcha foi negativamente relacionada com o fibrinogenio em idosos frageis (p=0,033), mas nao em idosos robustos. Em todos os idosos, velocidade da marcha foi negativamente relacionada com o fibrinogenio (p=0,017), interleucina-6 (p=0,038) e proteina C reativa ultrassensivel (p=0,010). Conclusao: nossos resultados sugerem que a sarcopenia relacionada inflamacao pode ser, pelo menos parcialmente, influenciada por diminuicao da modulacao autonomica em idosos.
Inhibition of Na+,K(+)-ATPase by flavonoids and their inotropic effect. Investigation of the structure-activity relationship.

Abstract The relationship between the structures of 39 natural flavonoids (including flavones, flavonols, flavonones, and isoflavones) and their inhibitory and positive inotropic effects have been found. It is shown that flavonoids considerably inhibit the activity of the purified preparation of pig kidney medulla Na+,K(+)-ATPase with Ki = 1.4-22.2 microM and some of the flavonoids studied exert positive inotropic effect on the papillary muscle. Flavones and flavonols, containing hydroxyl groups inside the phenyl radical in ortho- and vicinal positions, exhibit high inhibitory and positive inotropic effects. The inhibitory and positive inotropic effects of flavonoid glycosides and methoxyflavonoids are less pronounced. The presence of dimethylallyl groups in flavonones leads to the increase in the inhibitory and positive activities. Isoflavones produced virtually no effect on the enzyme and the isolated heart muscle. The effect of quercetin on the structure of Na+,K(+)-ATPase was studied by the fluorescence method.
Habitat and diet selection by muskoxen and reindeer in western Alaska

Since the establishment of muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) on the Seward Peninsula in western Alaska, USA, herders of semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) have voiced concerns about potential competition for forage between the species. We examined factors influencing choice of feeding sites, cratering microsites, and diets of reindeer and muskoxen on the Seward Peninsula during late winter 1996 and 1997 to identify habitat use and overlap. Both ungulates foraged primarily in upland habitats with low snow depth that had more lichen cover and less graminoid cover than other vegetation types in the area. Both species selected against snow depth when choosing feeding sites and against snow depth and hardness when selecting cratering areas within feeding sites. Reindeer selected mainly lichens when foraging, while muskoxen selected more sedge and moss. In conclusion, although muskoxen and reindeer overlap in their use of feeding areas, they select forage plants differently from each other.
Parental energy expenditure and offspring size in the pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca

To determine if parental daily energy expenditure (DEE) is an appropriate measure of parental care with a positive effect on offspring fitness, the DEE of pied flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca at 24 nests was measured with the doubly-labeled water method in a population breeding in nest boxes in a pine plantation in central Spain. DEE was measured when parents were feeding chicks of 12 d of age. In 17 of the nests, DEE of both parents was measured simultaneously. To expand the range of parental efforts observed, clutch size was manipulated by adding or removing one egg after laying and keeping some nests as controls. The significant brood size differences between treatments at hatching disappeared before chicks were 13 d old. All nestlings were weighed and measured (tarsus and wing length) at the age of 13 d. Chicks in enlarged nests had significantly shorter tarsi than chicks in control and reduced nests. The mean DEE was 64.4 kJ/d. There was no relationship between the DEE of mates measured simultaneously. Feeding rates of the labeled birds were not correlated with DEE. Treatment or brood size did not affect parental DEE. Female DEE was positively correlated with mean nestling mass and tarsus length. The effect on tarsus length was also significant when controlling for treatment and brood size. Male DEE was correlated with mean nestling tarsus length only when controlling for treatment. The relationship of parental DEE with tarsus length was linear. Female DEE explained more of the variation in mean tarsus length than did the midparent tarsus length. Parental and especially maternal DEE is a good measure of parental care as it positively affects offspring fitness, and should be considered as a parental performance effect on offspring skeletal size.
Effect of Leaf Water Potential and Air Humidity on Photosynthetic Rate and Diffusive Conductance in Rice Plants

The effect of leaf water potential on the photosynthetic rate and diffusive conductance in the leaf of rice plants was studied at different levels of leaf-air vapor pressure difference. The photosynthetic rate and diffusive conductance decreased rapidly to 50-60% and 25-40% of its maximum with decreasing leaf water potential from -1.5 to -5 bar, respectively. However, they slowly declined when leaf water potential decreased to lower than -5 bar (Fig. 1). Furthermore, the photosynthetic rate and diffusive conductance in leaves with high leaf water potential decreased with increasing leaf-air vapor pressure difference (Fig. 3) ; air humidity had a direct effect on the photosynthetic rate and diffusive conductance, independent of leaf water potential when leaf water potential was high (Figs. 3 and 4, Table 1). When leaf water potential decreased to lower than -5 bar, the photosynthetic rate and diffusive conductance were not significantly affected by the increase in leaf-air vapor pressure difference (Fig. 3). These results and the relation of diffusive conductance to photosynthetic rate at different leaf water potentials and leaf-air vapor pressure difference (Figs. 2 and 5) suggested that the cause for the decrease in photosynthetic rate differed in leaves with high and low leaf water potentials. In leaves with high leaf water potential where air humidity had a direct effect on the photosynthetic rate and diffusive conductance, the photosynthetic rate decreased due to the decrease of CO2 supply through stomata to mesophyll. On the other hand, in leaves with low leaf water potential where the diffusive conductance was considerably low, the photosynthetic rate decreased due to the decrease of photosynthetic activity in mesophyll in addition to the decrease in the CO2 supply (Fig.6).
Responses of Broilers to Dietary Protein Levels and Amino Acid Supplementation to Low Protein Diets at Various Environmental Temperatures

Abstract This study sought to determine specific correlations between dietary protein, amino acids, and increasing environmental temperatures for broilers. Male broilers were house in six different constant environmental temperatures ranging from 21.1 to 35°C and fed a series of 3250 kcal ME grower diets with increasing protein levels, or low protein diets with 90, 100, or 110% NRC recommended levels of methionine, lysine, tryptophan, Arginine, and threonine. The broilers house in temperatures below 25.3°C showed increased weight gains with increased CP diets, whereas birds house in temperatures greater than 26.7°C showed depressed gain with CP diets greater than 20%. Broilers fed the 16 and 18% diets did not show increased gains with the five added essential amino acids under any temperature conditions, indicating that other amino acids were limiting.
Molecular characterization of stress tolerant plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for growth enhancement of rice.

The study was undertaken to characterize plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for growth enhancement and stress tolerant traits and their efficacy on early establishment of rice seedling. In vitro growth promoting traits revealed that out of 30 PGPR isolates, 18 fixed nitrogen, 17 solubilized tri-calcium phosphate, 29 and 17 produced IAA with or without addition of L-tryptophane.In case of stree tolerant activities, PGPR isolates tolerated pH ranging from 5 to 10, Nacl from 1 to 6% and polyethylene glycol (PEG) from 10 to 40%, respectively. They showed antagonistic activity against Pyricularia oryzae with PIRG values ranging from 7−68%. After two-stage of screening, isolates UPMR7 and UPMR17 were identified based on 16s rRNA gene sequences and matched to the genus Bacillus and Citrobacter with 97−98% similarity. UPMR 7 and UPMR 17 were further evaluated on early growth promotion of rice variety MR219. Results revealed that PGPR inoculation had significant effects on plant growth compared to non-inoculated plants. Thus, it could be suggested that the isolates UPMR7 and UPMR17 have the potential to be used as biofertilizer and bioenhancer in sustainable rice cultivation.