Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Children's accounts of their preoperative information needs.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To explore the information needs of children aged 7-11 years relating to planned admission for surgery. To identify the knowledge of a group of children prior to admission and their own identified information needs. BACKGROUND There is widespread agreement that children should be given information prior to surgery but continuing debate about the most appropriate form and content of preadmission preparation. There is little research evidence about children's concerns, fears and misconceptions about hospitals and surgery. Previous investigations have examined the views of parents/carers and health care professionals rather than the direct reports of children themselves. This study was designed to explore whether children could identify their own information needs prior to admission for elective surgery. DESIGN Qualitative. METHOD Nine children aged 7-11 years were interviewed using the write and draw technique to ascertain their preadmission information needs. Data collection occurred several weeks prior to the child's first admission to hospital for planned surgery. RESULTS Children reported that they had not received direct information from the hospital or from health professionals. They obtained information from a variety of sources including leaflets for parents, television and the experiences of relatives and friends. Some children knew very little about hospitals and their own planned operation. Children identified 61 questions about their forthcoming admissions, including questions about: getting information; procedures; anaesthesia; timing; hospital environment; family support; feelings/pain; their condition; and concerns. CONCLUSIONS Children aged 7-11 years can identify their own information needs and so contribute to the development of preadmission education. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Patients attending a children's hospital can have little information provided prior to admission. Information about hospital should be presented directly to children in the most accessible and flexible form.
Endothelial cells promote neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation associated with VEGF activated Notch and Pten signaling

To investigate whether and how endothelial cells affect neurogenesis, we established a system to co‐culture endothelial cells and brain slices of neonatal rat and observed how subventricular zone cells differentiate in the presence of endothelial cells. In the presence of endothelial cells, neural stem cells increased in number, as did differentiated neurons and glia. The augmentation of neurogenesis was reversed by diminishing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in endothelial cells with RNA interference (RNAi). Microarray analysis indicated that expression levels of 112 genes were significantly altered by co‐culture and that expression of 81 of the 112 genes recovered to normal levels following RNAi of VEGF in endothelial cells. Pathway mapping showed an enrichment of genes in the Notch and Pten pathways. These data indicate that endothelial cells promote neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation associated with VEGF, possibly by activating the Notch and Pten pathways. Developmental Dynamics 239:2345–2353, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mode of nutrition of the larvae of the filarial nematode Brugia pahangi

SUMMARY (1) Light-microscopic observations were made on B. pahangi larvae at various stages of development in stained serial sections of A. aegypti thoraces, and on 8-to 9-day 2nd-stage live, unstained larvae. (2) Six-day larvae situated in A. aegypti flight muscle, and isolated 8- to 9-day 2nd-stage larvae, were examined with the electron microscope. (3) Results showed that host-muscle mitochondria which appeared to be morphologically intact aggregated outside the larvae at the head and tail ends and were present from 6 days onwards in the oesophagus and in the midgut. Those in the oesophagus were unchanged; some of those in the midgut were intact, others showed varying degrees of disintegration suggestive of digestion. Host-muscle mitochondria are therefore likely to be a source of nutrients for B. pahangi larvae during the last third of their intramuscular developmental phase. Dr W. W. Macdonald, of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, kindly supplied the infected mosquitoes, and offered valuable advice in the course of this work. Miss M. A. Johnson assisted with the care of the mosquitoes. We are particularly indebted to Mr David John for his patient work in preparing the filariae for electron-microscopic observation. Mrs J. Oliver assisted with some of the histological preparations. We are pleased to acknowledge the financial assistance of the Royal Society towards the purchase of the ultramicrotomes used in the course of this work.
Increased expression of pp60c‐src protein‐tyrosine kinase during peripheral nerve regeneration

Since little is known about the intracellular changes that take place in response to Schwann cell‐neuron interactions that occur during neurite outgrowth and myelination, we investigated the expression of protein‐tyrosine kinase, pp60c‐src, nerve regeneration through a silicone tube. Segments of regenerated nerve, extracted at various times following nerve‐transection, showed an induction of in vitro c‐src kinase activity as measured by autophosphorylation of immunoprecipitated pp60c‐src. This activity occurred at 7 days following nerve transaction coincident with the onset of neurite outgrowth in vivo. This kinase activity, which peaked out between 21 and 35 days and decreased thereafter, appeared to be associated with axonal growth and myelination, but not mitogenesis in the tube. Analysis of c‐src proteins levels by Western blot showed a similar expression profile as that of the kinase activity. Qualitatively, the expression of an immunoreactive c‐src band, migrating slightly slower than pp60, was detected in extracts of regenerating nerve segments as well as in the corresponding L4 and L5 dorsal root ganglia. This protein may be the CNS neuronal‐specificform (pp60 + ) of the c‐src protein. In situ hybridization revealed that Schwann cells and sensory and motor neurons associated with the regenerated sciatic nerve were positive for c‐src mRNA during regeneration possibly accounting for the increased src protein expression during regeneration, Since the in creased expression of pp60c‐src in regenerated nerve segments coincides with both axonal sprouting and myelination, our findings suggest that the c‐src protein may play a role in Schwann cell‐neuron interactions which facilitate the occurrence of these events during regeneration. In addition, although pp60 + generally not detectable in the mature PNS, our findings show that this protein may be induced during conditions of PNS differentiation which promote neurite outgrowth.
Chemistry‐based protein modification strategy for endocytic pathway analysis

Background information. The integrated analysis of intracellular trafficking pathways is one of the current challenges in the field of cell biology, and functional proteomics has become a powerful technique for the large‐scale identification of proteins or lipids and the elucidation of biological processes in their natural contexts. For this, new dynamic strategies must be devised to trace proteins that follow a specific pathway such that their initial and final destinations can be detected by automated means.
Robust nose tip detection for face range images based on local features in scale-space

Being the most distinct feature point in 3D facial landmarks, nose tip plays a significant role in 3D facial studies such as face detection, face recognition, facial features extraction, face alignment, etc. Successful detection of nose tip can facilitate many tasks of 3D facial studies. In this paper, we propose a novel method to detect nose tip robustly. The method is robust to noise, needs not training, can handle large rotations and occlusions. To reduce computational cost, we first remove small isolated regions from the input range image, then establish scale-space by robust smoothing the preprocessed range image. In each scale of the scale-space, the Multi-angle Energy (ME) of each point is computed and sorted in descending order. Then the first m points in the descending order list are obtained and hierarchical clustering method is used to cluster these points. In the first h largest clusters, we can find one point with the largest ME. For all scales of the scale-space, we get a series of such points which are treated as nose tip candidates. For these candidates, we apply hierarchical clustering again. In the obtained largest cluster, we compute the mean value of ME. The ME of nose tip will be closest to the mean value. We evaluate our method in two well-known 3D face databases, namely FRGC v2.0 and BOSPHORUS. The experimental results verify the robustness of our method with a high nose tip detection rate.
Serum luteinizing hormone, prolactin, glucocorticoid, and progestin in dairy cows from calving to gestation.

Abstract In a survey of 91 Holstein cows, blood serum prolactin increased from 50±4 ng/ml at 2 to 4 wk before parturition to 234±14 ng/ml at parturition and fell to 69±4 ng/ml during the first 6 wk postpartum. Serum luteinizing hormone remained near . 5 ng/ml until parturition, then increased to 1.5±. 3 ng/ml at 5 to 6 wk postpartum. In 12 of the same cows, glucocorticoid increased three-fold to a peak at parturition and returned to prepartum values by 1 wk postpartum; progestin fell from 8.0±. 6 ng/ml at 1 to 2 wk prepartum to . 9±. 2 ng/ml at parturition. During diestrus of the first postpartum estrous cycle, luteinizing hormone (23 cows) was 50% higher and progestin (9 cows) was 34% lower than during the second cycle. During the 18 days following inseminations, luteinizing hormone was 22% lower in fertile than in infertile cows. Progestin concentration was similar until day 11 in fertile and infertile cows; thereafter, progestin in nine pregnant cows increased to 12.2±2.1 ng/ml at day 20, whereas in nine nonpregnant cows progestin peaked at 7.8±. 6 ng/ml at day 15 and declined thereafter to the next estrus. Correlations within day between luteinizing hormone and progestin were mostly positive in fertile cows, in contrast to the analogous correlations which were mostly negative in open cows.
Might Hallucinations Have Social Utility?: A Proposal for Scientific Study

Abstract There are many historical examples of people who heard voices or saw visions but were not classified as having a mental illness and who were supported by a religious community. The article offers a perspective for effective psychosocial supports for schizophrenia. The author analyzes data on 95 people who experienced verifiable persistent non–drug-assisted hallucinations in Europe, North America, and Australasia and discusses the life outcomes of 39 subjects. They include founders of religions, dysfunctional monarchs, persons with cosmological beliefs, and mental health workers. Their psychoses were intrinsic to their personalities and contributions. Hallucinations generated by psychosis were useful for cultural innovation, particularly in religion as many hallucinators were integrated into church history. Community, work, friendship, and supportive practices are discussed. A scientific study of effective psychosocial support to supplement medication for schizophrenia is outlined.
Representation of UV‐B‐induced thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia in the human brain: A functional MRI study

Surrogate models of pain and hyperalgesia allow the investigation of underlying mechanisms in healthy volunteers. Here, we investigated brain activation patterns during mechanical and heat hyperalgesia in an inflammatory human pain model using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Heat and mechanical hyperalgesia were induced on the right forearm by UV‐B application in 14 healthy subjects. All four conditions (nonsensitized heat and nonsensitized mechanical pain, sensitized heat and sensitized mechanical pain) were perceptually matched. A 2 × 2 factorial analysis was performed. Areas with main effect of sensitization were insula, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), prefrontal cortices (PFC), parietal association cortices (PA), thalamus, and basal ganglia. A main effect of modality with more activation during heat hyperalgesia was found in primary somatosensory cortex (S1), ACC, PFC, and PA. A main effect of modality with more activation during mechanical hyperalgesia was found in secondary somatosensory cortices, posterior insula, and contralateral inferior frontal cortex (IFC). An interaction of sensitization and modality was found bilaterally in IFC. Areas with similar effects of sensitization in both stimulus modalities were ACC, bilateral anterior insula and bilateral IFC. We conclude that different types of hyperalgesia in a human surrogate model of inflammatory pain produce different brain activation patterns. This is partly due to a differential processing of thermal and mechanical pain and an interaction of sensitization and modality in the caudal portion of the IFC. Finally, the data provide evidence for the existence of a common “sensitization network” consisting of ACC, bilateral anterior insula, and parts of the IFC. Hum Brain Mapp 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A PERSONALIZED SEARCH ENGINE BASED ON CORRELATION CLUSTERING METHOD

Nowadays, search engines tend to use latest technologies in enhancing the personalization of web searches, which leads to better understanding of user requirements. This paper aims to address the problem of enhancing the efficiency of search system by mining data logs. Search logs are associated with all the interactions that have been done between the user and the search engine including the query, the resulted pages and the selection. The paper also aims minimize the ambiguity within the query whilst the partitioning-based clustering aims to reduce the search space by dividing the data into groups that contain similar objects. To do so, this paper conduct several experiments to evaluate correlation clustering method. The method of this paper includes a pre-processing phase, which in turn involves tokenization, stop-words removal, and stemming. In addition, we evaluates the impact of the two similarity/distance measures (Cosine similarity and Jaccard coefficient) on the results of the correlation clustering method. Experimental results obtained are quite satisfactory in terms of the Precision, Recall and F-score.
Dual Verbal Elicitation: The Complementary Use of Concurrent and Retrospective Reporting Within a Usability Test

Verbal protocols are the primary tool for understanding users' task-solving behaviors during usability testing. A qualitative study that examined the utility of combining a concurrent and retrospective think-aloud within the same usability test is described. The results indicate that although there was significant overlap between the types of utterances produced during each think-aloud, the retrospective phase produced more verbalizations that were relevant to usability analysis, for example, helpful self-assessments of performance, yielding insights into the impact of encountered difficulties. However, a small number of less desirable utterance types emerged: hypothesising, rationalizing, and forgetting. When used together, both methods contributed to an understanding of usability issues; the concurrent phase yielded more usability issues overall, and the retrospective data improved the understanding of these by (a) reinforcement: users highlighted the impact of an issue on their experience, (b) elaboration: users would provide causal explanations of encountered difficulties, and (c) context: users provided information about the product's context of use.
Evaluation of a novel ultra-sensitive nanoparticle probe-based assay for ricin detection

Abstract A gold nanoparticle (GNP) probe-based assay (GNPA) modified from the bio-barcode assay (BCA) was developed for ultrasensitive detection of ricin, a potential biothreat agent. In the GNPA, a chain of ricin was captured by a GNP probe coated with polyclonal antibodies and single-stranded signal DNA. A magnetic microparticle (MMP) probe coated with ricin A chain monoclonal antibody was then added to form an immuno-complex. After being magnetically separated, the immuno-complex containing the single-stranded signal DNA was characterized by PCR and real-time PCR. A detection limit of 10−2 fg/ml was determined for the ricin A chain; this is eight orders of magnitude more sensitive than that achieved with an ELISA and two orders more sensitive than that obtained with the BCA. The coefficients of variation (CV) of the intra- and inter-assay values ranged from 3.82–6.46%. The results here show that this novel assay is an ultrasensitive method for detection of ricin proteins and may be suitable for the ultrasensitive detection of other proteins.
Medication reconciliation is a prerequisite for obtaining a valid medication review.

INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to compare medication reconciliation and medication review based on number, type and severity of discrepancies and drug-related problems (DRPs), denoted errors. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a retrospective study conducted at the Department of Cardiology, Hillerød Hospital. Medication reconciliation compared the prescriptions in patient records, an electronic medication system (EMS) and in discharge summaries (DS). The medication review was based on the EMS. The two methods were performed on the same data material. To assess the clinical importance of the errors, a four-point scale was applied. RESULTS A total of 75 patient records were included. In all, 198 discrepancies were identified by medication reconciliation, 2.6 per patient. The most frequent discrepancies were omission of a drug in the DS and discrepancy between the drugs noted in the patient record and the EMS. 15% of the discrepancies were potentially serious or fatal, 62% were potentially significant and 23% were potentially non-significant. A total of 129 DRPs were identified by medication review, 1.7 per patient. The most frequent DRPs were sub therapeutic dosage, inappropriate dosage regimen and untreated medical condition. 35% of the DRPs were potentially serious or fatal, 29% were potentially significant and 36% were potentially non-significant. CONCLUSION Medication reconciliation identified a higher number of errors than medication review, but the number of serious errors identified by medication review was higher than that identified by medication reconciliation. The two methods identified different types of errors and should be used concurrently to supplement each other. FUNDING not relevant. TRIAL REGISTRATION not relevant.
Planar Separators

The authors give a short proof of a theorem of Lipton and Tarjan, that, for every planar graph with n > 0 vertives, there is a partition (A, B, C,) of its vertex set such that $|A|, |B| < \frac{2}{3}n, |C| \geq 2(2n)^{1/2},$ and no vertex in A is adjacent to any vertex in B. Secondly, they apply the same technique more carefully to deduced that, in fact, such a partition (A, B, C) exists with $|A|, |B| < \frac{2}{3}n, |C| \geq 2(2n)^{1/2};$ this improves the best previously known result. An analogous result holds when the vertices or edges are weighted.
GroEL-Substrate-GroES Ternary Complexes Are an Important Transient Intermediate of the Chaperonin Cycle*

GroEL C138W is a mutant form of Escherichia coli GroEL, which forms an arrested ternary complex composed of GroEL, the co-chaperonin GroES and the refolding protein molecule rhodanese at 25 °C. This state of arrest could be reversed with a simple increase in temperature. In this study, we found that GroEL C138W formed both stable trans- and cis-ternary complexes with a number of refolding proteins in addition to bovine rhodanese. These complexes could be reactivated by a temperature shift to obtain active refolded protein. The simultaneous binding of GroES and substrate to the cis ring suggested that an efficient transfer of substrate protein into the GroEL central cavity was assured by the binding of GroES prior to complete substrate release from the apical domain. Stopped-flow fluorescence spectroscopy of the mutant chaperonin revealed a temperature-dependent conformational change in GroEL C138W that acts as a trigger for complete protein release. The behavior of GroEL C138W was reflected closely in its in vivo characteristics, demonstrating the importance of this conformational change to the overall activity of GroEL.
Diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome.

I n the last 3 decades, there have been several advances in understanding the pathogenesis of Cushing’s syndrome and in testing for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of its various forms. Advanced diagnostic techniques provide useful tools in discovering ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone sources. However, the occurrence of unusual clinical presentations, laboratory shortcomings, and exogenous compound interference may lead to wrong conclusions. This article reviews the atypical presentations of hypercortisolism and some laboratory shortcomings that may confuse the diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome. Comments and suggestions are given with the aim of helping the clinician avoid diagnostic mistakes. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160:3045-3053
Variability among sources and laboratories in nutrient analyses of corn and soybean meal. NCR-42 Committee on Swine Nutrition. North Central Regional-42.

A cooperative research study involving members of a regional committee (North Central Regional Committee on Swine Nutrition [NCR-42]) was conducted to assess the variability in nutrient composition (DM, CP, Ca, P, Se, and amino acids) of corn and soybean meal from 16 sources (15 states, mostly in the Midwest) and to assess the analytical variability in nutrient assays among 22 laboratories (labs; 16 experiment station labs and six commercial labs). Corn samples were obtained from each participating station's feed mill during a 3-yr period (1989, 1990, and 1992), as were soybean meal samples during a 2-yr period (1989 and 1990). Both regular soybean meal (with hulls) and dehulled soybean meal were represented in the study. Samples were analyzed for DM and CP by all 22 labs, for Ca and P by 15 labs, for amino acids by 10 labs, and for Se by 6 labs. Each lab used its own analytical procedures. Samples of corn and soybean meal varied in their nutrient composition depending on the area of origin. The greatest variation among sources was in Se concentration, ranging from . 02 to . 29 mg/kg in corn and . 08 to . 95 mg/kg in soybean meal. Crude protein and lysine in corn were positively correlated, but the regression coefficient was low (r2 = .49). The relationship between CP and lysine for the two soybean meals combined was considerably stronger (r2 = .81). Lysine in corn increased by . 018 percentage point and lysine in soybean meal (regular and dehulled combined) increased by . 063 percentage point for each 1 percentage point increase in CP. Except for CP and Se, the analytical variability among labs was as great as, and in some cases greater than, the variability in nutrient composition among sources of corn and soybean meal. Within-lab analytical variability tended to be less than among-lab variability. Some labs performed certain analyses with considerably less variability and more accuracy than others.
Transit network design using improved Tabu search

This paper proposes a Tabu search-based method to transit network design problem. The whole design is performed in two phases. Firstly, the method of shortest path is used to produce a good initial solution. Then, Tabu search generates new solutions to realize the objective of decreasing user cost. And the computation result shows its good usability in Transit network design and optimization solution.