Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
„Meine Seele ist vom Sturm getrieben …“

Abstract A contribution to a scholarly controversy that has been on-going for a quarter century now, this article provides a critical review of previous studies on the existence of post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) as a consequence of extreme violence in the ancient world. It highlights methodological difficulties in attempting to ‘diagnose’ psychological illnesses across a distance of more than two millennia by means of highly stylized literary texts. Simultaneously, it introduces crucial new evidence in the form of a late antique papyrus originally published in 1924 (P.Oxy. 16/1873), which has hitherto been almost completely ignored by scholarship. The papyrus, a letter written by a man called Martyrios in sixth century Lycopolis and addressed to his father, recounts psychological war trauma as a result of an attack on his hometown. He does so in a first-person perspective, using a highly select and unusual vocabulary to describe his emotional impairment. Because of its syntactical and vocabulary extravagance, this letter is sometimes seen as a fictional literary reflex. The authors argue, on the contrary, that this letter is the only reliable documentary evidence for psychological war trauma from the ancient world known so far.
Development and Dissolution Velocity Studies of an Oral Albendazole Nanocrystal Solid Formulation

ABSTRACT During the last 10 years, the formulation of drugs as nanocrystals has rapidly evolved into a mature drug delivery strategy, with currently five products on the market. The major characteristic of these systems is the rapid dissolution velocity, enabling bioavailability enhancement after oral administration. This study describes the preparation of a solid dosage tablet form of spray-dried albendazole nanocrystal and compares its dissolution behavior with a market tablet in different media. The aim was to obtain a stable nanocrystal loaded drug tablet with an increased drug saturation solubility and dissolution velocity. Solubility and dissolution experiments were performed to verify the obvious improvement of the dissolution behavior compared with the commercial product. Improved dissolution behavior in drug nanocrystal-loaded solid dosage forms should lead to better bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs in the body.
The integral part of a nonlinear form with a square, a cube and a biquadrate

Abstract In this paper, we show that if λ 1 , λ 2 , λ 3 {\lambda }_{1},{\lambda }_{2},{\lambda }_{3} are non-zero real numbers, and at least one of the numbers λ 1 , λ 2 , λ 3 {\lambda }_{1},{\lambda }_{2},{\lambda }_{3} is irrational, then the integer parts of λ 1 n 1 2 + λ 2 n 2 3 + λ 3 n 3 4 {\lambda }_{1}{n}_{1}^{2}+{\lambda }_{2}{n}_{2}^{3}+{\lambda }_{3}{n}_{3}^{4} are prime infinitely often for integers n 1 , n 2 , n 3 {n}_{1},{n}_{2},{n}_{3} . This gives an improvement of an earlier result.
Medical Professionalism Perception of Medical Students in Spain

Abstract Introduction: Currently, the Doctor-Patient relationship of all cultures and societies is in crisis due to the distrust that has arisen in this social contract. This distrust origins from various changes that have occurred worldwide. We, as doctors, can contribute to solving this crisis, reaffirming the values that integrate medical professionalism. In the absence of specific studies and programmes on medical professionalism in Spanish universities, we consider knowing the perception of medical professionalism by medical students at the University of Murcia essential to see if there is a need to introduce educational improvements in our faculty. Methods: A professionalism questionnaire from the Penn State University School of Medicine (PSCOM) was provided online, voluntarily and anonymously to all students of the Medicine degree of the University of Murcia. Results: The perception of professionalism in students was high, since all categories have more than 75% positive responses on average. The categories of Respect and Altruism were the best rated. On the other hand, there is a slight increase in negative responses as students progress through the degree. Between sexes, however, there were no differences in the criteria. Conclusions: Although the perception of professionalism is good, it is still a perception, so it should reach values closer to 100%. Therefore, the faculty is encouraged to carry out specific programmes to promote medical professionalism in the degree courses.
Vilmos Ágel. 2017. Grammatische Textanalyse. Textglieder, Satzglieder, Wortgruppenglieder. Berlin, Boston: Walter de Gruyter. xviii, 941 S.

Bücher, die auf eine umfassende Beschreibung der Grammatik des Deutschen zielen, sind meistens dick. In dieser Hinsicht bildet Vilmos Ágels Grammatische Textanalyse. Textglieder, Satzglieder, Wortgruppengliedermit knapp eintausend Seiten Umfang keine Ausnahme. Allerdings unterscheidet sich Ágels 2017 bei Walter de Gruyter erschienenes Werk in anderer Hinsicht auffallend von aktuellen Standardgrammatiken zur deutschen Gegenwartssprache: Die Analyse beginnt bei der größten bedeutungstragenden Einheit, dem Text, und nicht beim Wort. Entsprechend folgt die Gegliedertheit der zu analysierenden Einheiten nicht der üblichen Wortartennomenklatur, sondern basiert auf funktionalen Texteinheiten unterschiedlicher Größe. Unter der Grammatischen Textanalyse – ein Begriff, den Ágel eigens prägt – versteht der Verfasser „eine Art deszendente, ,von oben nach unten‘ gerichtete, Syntax des Deutschen: eine Syntax vom Text über den Satz zum Wort“ (S. xiii). Diese, zugleich den Auftakt des Buches bildende Aussage steckt den Rahmen für das gesamte Herangehen ab: Grammatisch bedeutet im Grunde syntaktisch, die Beschreibungseinheiten werden jedoch originär vom Text und nicht vom Satz abgeleitet. Beide Annahmen haben geschätzte Vorläufer. Während das Primat der Syntax grammatiktheoretisch – von der Valenzgrammatik bis zur generativen Grammatik – Usus ist, erinnert die Beschreibung aller sprachlichen Phänomene in Bezug auf die Grundeinheit ‚Text‘ unmittelbar an Weinrichs (zuletzt 2005 wieder aufgelegte) Textgrammatik. Ágel und Weinrich teilen die Grundüberzeugung, dass die grammatische Beschreibung einer Sprache von ihrem textuellen Gebrauch her gedacht werden muss, weswegen beide die Analyse konkreter Texte zum methodischen Prinzip erheben. Während Weinrich aber bottom-up vorgeht, d. h. die traditionellen grammatischen Terme und Kategorien voraussetzt und diese mittels eines festgelegten Sets semantischer Merkmale textgrammatisch beschreibt und dabei sowohl mündliche wie auch schriftliche Sprachdaten sowie verschiedene Textsorten einbezieht, konzentriert sich Ágel auf geschriebene literarische Texte und ZRS 2020; 12(1–2): 88–101
Intelligibility in English as a lingua franca – The interpreters’ perspective

Abstract This article aims at examining the topic of ELF intelligibility from the interpreters’ perspective. Therefore, the focus is put on listener factors affecting intelligibility in settings typical for interpreting i.e. monologic settings. Data from various intelligibility studies are compared with results from a study that tested an ELF user’s intelligibility in a conference-like ELF setting and examined the influence of listener variables such as background knowledge, familiarity with ELF use or proficiency in English. In this study, an Italian speaker gave an impromptu speech in English to participants who subsequently were asked to answer written questions on the topic. The results showed that listeners with more experience in ELF settings reached the highest score in the test, while participants with specialist knowledge were unable to profit from it. The participants’ English language skills played a rather subordinate role. The findings of this study may prove useful for considerations in interpreter training and can contribute to the development of concrete, evidence-based training methods for interpreters in the interpreting sub-skill of comprehension. Zusammenfassung Das Thema Verständlichkeit von ELF-SprecherInnen wird in diesem Artikel aus dem Blickwinkel der Dolmetschwissenschaft beleuchtet. Daher liegt der Fokus vor allem auf ZuhörerInnenfaktoren, die Verständlichkeit in typischen monologischen Dolmetschsettings beeinflussen. Daten aus verschiedenen Verständlichkeitsstudien werden mit Ergebnissen aus einer Studie in Zusammenhang gesetzt, die die Verständlichkeit eines ELF-Nutzers in einer konferenzähnlichen Situation testete und ZuhörerInnenvariablen wie Hintergrundwissen, Vertrautheit mit ELF-Kontexten oder Englischkenntnisse überprüfte. Dabei hielt ein italienischer Redner einen frei gesprochenen Vortrag auf Englisch, zu dem den TeilnehmerInnen im Anschluss schriftliche Verständnisfragen gestellt wurden. Bei der Auswertung der Antworten zeigte sich, dass ZuhörerInnen vor allem von viel Erfahrung mit Kommunikation in ELF-Settings profitierten. Die TeilnehmerInnen mit Fachwissen im Bereich des Vortrags konnten hingegen keinen Vorteil daraus schlagen. Die Englischkenntnisse der ZuhörerInnen spielten eine eher untergeordnete Rolle. Diese Erkenntnisse könnten in der Dolmetschlehre genutzt werden und dazu beitragen, konkrete, evidenzbasierte Ausbildungsmaβnahmen für DolmetscherInnen in der Teilfertigkeit Verstehen zu erarbeiten.
Factors influencing nitrogen mineralization during poultry litter composting and calculations for available nitrogen

This paper describes, under laboratory and/or field conditions, an approach that could be used to predict nitrogen (N) mineralization of poultry litter. Proper composting of poultry litter results in N mineralization, reducing or eliminating the environmentally harmful effects of ammonia (NH3) odours and nitrate leaching. Addition of straw to poultry manure provides sufficient available carbon and increases NH3 binding capacity, overruling any greater influence of diet composition on methane (CH3) formation. C:N ratio ranges (6–25) vary in the amount of low N loss depending on substrates. Aerobic decomposition of manure results in formation of humified organic compounds and decreased nutrient availability, while anaerobic decomposition forms low molecular weight compounds (volatile fatty acids and NH3 +- N). The differences in the size of the composted particles results in physical separation and decomposability of high and low C:N ratio substrates. Temperatures ranging from 14 to 35°C did not affect the rate of N mineralization, but affected N loss from poultry manure pellets by decay nitrification at 14 and 35°C compared with 25°C. Uric acid and undigested proteins in poultry litter have optimal degradation rates at pH of 5.5 or higher, with the optimum pH for uricase being about 9. Variations in manure composition are seen between different species such as cattle, swine and poultry. The chemical composition of the manure and not the substrate N status influences the rate of decomposition or microbial availability. The N mineralization potential of some vegetable residues correlated better with the total and water soluble N contents than with their C:N ratios. Poultry manures are applied to agricultural soils at rates determined by the amount of available N that they are assumed to contribute to the crops. Many equations have been developed to calculate these application rates.
Mapping the Topics and Evolutions of Chinese Children’s Bestsellers

Abstract Children’s books involve a large number of topics. Research on them has been paid much attention to by both scholars and practitioners. However, the existing achievements do not focus on China, which is the fastest growing market for children’s books in the world. Studies using quantitative analysis are low in number, especially on the intellectual structure, evolution patterns, and development trends of topics of children’s bestsellers in China. Dangdang.com, the biggest Chinese online bookstore, was chosen as a data source to obtain children’s bestsellers, and topic words in them were extracted from brief introductions. With the aid of co-occurrence theory and tools of social network analysis and visualization, the distribution, correlation structures, and evolution patterns of topics were revealed and visualized. This study shows that topics of Chinese children’s bestsellers are broad and relatively concentrated, but their distribution is unbalanced. There are four distinguished topic communities (Living, Animal, World, and Child) in terms of centrality and maturity, and they all establish their individual systems and tend to be mature. The evolution of these communities tends to be stable with powerful continuity.
Examination of Effects of Time Constraint and Task Type on Users’ Query Typing Behaviors

Abstract Contextual factors have been found to be an important factor in information searching behaviors, however, little attention has been paid to the influence of contextual factors on users’ query typing behaviors. This study aims to explore the influence of two different contextual factors (with or without time constraint and two kinds of task type) on users’ query typing behaviors. We recruited 40 college students and conducted a user experiment, in which each participant completed two types of search tasks (Fact Finding and Information Understanding) in two different time conditions. The results show that time constraint encourages users to increase their query typing speed. Furthermore, the task type affects query length and rate of keystroke errors.
Chemical composition and digestibility (in vitro) of green gram as affected by processing and cooking methods.

Purpose – Digestibility of pulses is affected due to presence of antinutritional and toxic compounds. Various processing treatments are known to destroy heat labile toxic compounds and other enzyme inhibitors, hence, to improve the texture, palatability and nutritive value of pulses. This paper, therefore, aims to focus on improving the digestibility and availability of nutrients of green gram (Vigna radiata L.) through processing treatments.Design/methodology/approach – The present study was undertaken to see the effect of common processing and cooking treatments on newly released green gram cultivars. To achieve this objective, green gram seeds were soaked in plain water (1:4 w/v) for 12 hours at 37°C. One portion of the soaked seeds was dried at 55°C and left‐over soaked seeds were divided into three portions. One portion of the soaked seeds was dehulled manually. The second portion of the soaked seeds was ordinary and pressure‐cooked (water two times the weight of soaked seeds) for 35 minutes at 95‐10.
Species formed after NO adsorption and NO+O2 co-adsorption on TiO2: an FTIR spectroscopic study

Adsorption of NO and its co-adsorption with oxygen on TiO2 (Degussa P-25) were studied by FTIR spectroscopy. It was found that NO adsorption results in its disproportionation to NO− (1170 cm−1), N2O22− (1335 cm−1) and nitrates (1650–1550 and 1240–1220 cm−1). The nitrate bands develop with time and coordinated NO (ca. 1900 cm−1) is formed. Addition of oxygen to NO results in a strong increase in concentration of the nitrates and formation of NO+ (2206 cm−1). In addition, species assigned to nitrocomplexes (1520 and 1284 cm−1) are found. The stability and reactivity of the different surface compounds as well as their interconversion are studied and discussed.
Sorption and toxicity of azo and triphenylmethane dyes to aquatic microbial populations

Toxicity and sorption of five azo and triphenylmethane dyes to freshwater microbiota were determined to assess, in part, the risks that these dyes may pose to the aquatic environment. The toxicities of Basic Violet 1, Basic Violet 2, Basic Violet 3, Basic Green 4 and Tropaeolin 0 were established by determining the percent survival of microbiota when dyes were incorporated into plating media. Basic Violet 3 was the most toxic, with a mean survival rate of 20.7 ± 6.57% at a dye concentration of 5.0 mg/L. Tropaeolin 0 was the least toxic, with a survival rate of 92.0 ± 9.57%. Survival increased with decreasing dye concentration. Sorption of the dyes to viable cells required from 8 to 24 h to reach equilibrium. Partition coefficients were higher for viable cells than for heat-killed cells, suggesting that a metabolic process may be involved in sorption of these dyes or that autoclaving the cells reduces the organisms' cation exchange capacities.
Synthesis and Characterization of Tin Niobates

Abstract The synthesis and the structural characterization of tin niobates Sn1+xNb2O6+x, x=0.0, 0.5, and 1.0, are reported. The materials have been characterized by bulk chemical analysis, single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, and 119Sn Mossbauer and 93Nb and 119Sn solid-state NMR spectroscopies. SnNb2O6 is a synthetic analog of the rare mineral foordite. Red Sn2Nb2O7 crystallizes in a pyrochlore structure with a=10.5386 A. 119Sn Mossbauer reveals the presence of both Sn(II) and Sn(IV) in pyrochlore samples. 119Sn MAS NMR spectroscopy supports the presence in synthetic foordite of Sn(II) in eight-fold coordination. The six-coordinated Sn(IV) and eight-coordinated Sn(II) 119Sn MAS NMR resonances are not resolved in the Sn2Nb2O7 pyrochlore spectrum. 93Nb NMR indicates a fairly distorted local environment for niobium in synthetic foordite, much more so than in the Sn2Nb2O7 pyrochlore.
Changes in colour and phenolic composition during the early stages of maturation of port in wood, stainless steel and glass

Differences in colour and phenolic composition during the maturation of port in oak wood, stainless steel and glass were examined for a period of 311 days at 18 °C. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used in variable selection, data reduction and data analysis. Nine out of 13 colour and phenolic variables were heavily loaded on PC1 (76.1% of explained variance), and a plot of PC1 scores versus maturation time showed differences in colour and anthocyanins between ports matured in different containers. Ports matured in oak casks developed at a faster rate than the other ports. Total phenolics remained fairly constant in all ports, as monomeric anthocyanins were rapidly depleted during the time of maturation. Polymeric pigments formed during maturation contributed to increases in colour density, hue and the rate of browning. Differences in redox potential between wood matured ports and non-wood matured ports indicated that there were differences in dissolved oxygen which could have affected the maturation rate of these wines. La maturation du porto a lieu pendant 311 jours a 18° dans differents conteneurs: bois de chene, acier inoxydable ou verre. Les portos en futs de chene se developpent plus rapidement que les autres. Les composes phenoliques sont constants quelquesoient les conteneurs: les anthocyanines diminuent rapidement et la polymerisation des pigments provoque la coloration brune.
Organic matter diagenesis and bacterial contributions to detrital carbon and nitrogen in the Amazon River system

Amino sugars and amino acids, including the bacterial biomarkers muramic acid and D‐amino acids, were measured to investigate the diagenetic alterations of and microbial contributions to detrital organic matter in the Amazon River system. Three size fractions of detrital material were analyzed: coarse and fine particulate organic matter (CPOM and FPOM), and ultrafiltered dissolved organic matter (UDOM). CPOM was depleted in amino sugars and had high percentages of total N as amino acids (32‐37%), consistent with relatively fresh plant debris being a major source of CPOM. FPOM had the highest percentages of total C as amino acids (5‐8%), and its composition appeared to be influenced by the preferential sorption of N‐containing molecules. UDOM had the highest percentages of total N as amino sugars (up to 2.3%) indicating the relatively important contributions from microorganisms. A consistent trend of increasing proportions of D‐amino acids among detrital size fractions, CPOM < FPOM < UDOM, suggests this parameter is a useful diagenetic indicator. About 4‐17% of the C and 17‐37% of the N in FPOM and CPOM were of bacterial origin based on D‐alanine and D‐glutamic acid yields. Similar bacterial contributions to UDOM were evident from the biomarker data, but they were not quantified due to insufficient information about representative yields of source biomarkers. Relationships between biomarker N and total N suggest that microbial activity influences the N content of detrital material. Bacterial contributions to detrital material were primarily as cellular remnants rather than living cells.
Polymeric phosphonium salts as a novel class of cationic biocides. VI. Antibacterial activity of fibers surface‐treated with phosphonium salts containing trimethoxysilane groups

Alkoxysilane with phosphonium biocides as coupling agents were covalently attached to cotton-fiber surfaces, and the antibacterial activity of the surface-treated fibers against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was evaluated by the viable cell counting method in sterile distilled water. These fibers with phosphonium salts were found to exhibit high antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli, particularly against S. aureus, and the activity increased as hydrophobicity of the substituents bonded directly to phosphonium ions increased. Furthermore, morphological changes of the cells of S. aureus and E. Coli in contact with the fibers were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the fiber with the phosphonium biocides exhibited bacteriostatic as well as bactericidal activity against both strains, which was evident from observation of normal and deformed cells of these species in contact with the fibers. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Synthesis, structure and reactions of the most twisted amide

Details are reported of the synthesis, properties and reactions of 3,5,7-trimethyl-1-azatricyclo[3.3. 1.13,7]decan-2-one, 7 (the “most twisted amide”). Its spectroscopic properties show clearly that 7 is a ketone rather than an amide, albeit a ketone with a tertiary amino group directly attached to the carbonyl carbon. The amino group is basic (pKa ∼ 5.2) and nucleophilic, while the CO group reacts normally as a ketone, giving the corresponding twisted enamine with the methylene Wittig reagent and acetals under standard conditions. As expected, 7 is rapidly hydrolysed to the bicyclic amino acid 15, but, remarkably, hydrolysis is readily reversible under mild acidic conditions, and in methanol the amino acid is converted to the twisted amide in 80% yield. This cyclisation of the amino acid is an extraordinarily efficient intramolecular reaction: the effective molarity of the amine nucleophile is estimated at 1012 M: the carboxylate anion thus acting as an efficient acylating agent for both secondary and tertiary amine groups. The hydrate of the conjugate acid, typically a high-energy intermediate in amide hydrolysis, is stable in dilute aqueous acid and as the crystalline hydrochloride.