Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of two methods for monitoring surface cleanliness-ATP bioluminescence and traditional hygiene swabbing.

The minimum bacterial detection limits and operator reproducibility of the Biotrace Clean-Tracetrade mark Rapid Cleanliness Test and traditional hygiene swabbing were determined. Areas (100 cm2) of food grade stainless steel were separately inoculated with known levels of Staphylococcus aureus (NCTC 6571) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). Surfaces were sampled either immediately after inoculation while still wet, or after 60 min when completely dry. For both organisms the minimum detection limit of the ATP Clean-Tracetrade mark Rapid Cleanliness Test was 10(4) cfu/100 cm2 (p < 0.05) and was the same for wet and dry surfaces. Both organism type and surface status (i.e. wet or dry) influenced the minimum detection limits of hygiene swabbing, which ranged from 10(2) cfu/100 cm2 to >10(7) cfu/100 cm2. Hygiene swabbing percentage recovery rates for both organisms were less than 0.1% for dried surfaces but ranged from 0.33% to 8.8% for wet surfaces. When assessed by six technically qualified operators, the Biotrace Clean-Tracetrade mark Rapid Cleanliness Test gave superior reproducibility for both clean and inoculated surfaces, giving mean coefficients of variation of 24% and 32%, respectively. Hygiene swabbing of inoculated surfaces gave a mean CV of 130%. The results are discussed in the context of hygiene monitoring within the food industry.
Planar Wide-Angle Scanning Phased Array With Pattern-Reconfigurable Windmill-Shaped Loop Elements

A wide-angle scanning planar phased array with pattern-reconfigurable windmill-shaped loop elements has been designed. Each element has a four-port windmill-shaped structure over a high-impedance surface, and it can steer the main beam in four different space quadrants by exciting one port at a time. A 16-element planar (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4 \times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) array is fabricated and measured to demonstrate the wide-angle scanning performance of the array. The results show that the fabricated array is able to scan its main beam up to 72° and supports a 3-dB scanning coverage up to 92° in each quadrant. In addition, input amplitudes and phases for the array are optimized with a hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm to enhance the array scanning performance.
The Evolution of Eukaryotes

In their Review “Genomics and the irreducible nature of eukaryote cells” (19 May 2006, p. [1011][1]), C. G. Kurland et al. purport to “review recent data from proteomics and genome sequences,” but delivered only biased opinions. Asserting genome sequence evidence to suggest “that
Focused radiogenic heating of middle crust caused ultrahigh temperatures in southern Madagascar

Internal heating can cause melting, metamorphism, and crustal weakening in convergent orogens. This study evaluates the role of radiogenic heat production (RHP) in a Neoproterozoic ultrahigh‐temperature metamorphic (UHTM) terrane exposed in southern Madagascar. Monazite and zircon geochronology indicates that the Paleoproterozoic Androyen and Anosyen domains (i) collided with the oceanic Vohibory Arc at ~630 Ma, (ii) became incorporated into the Gondwanan collisional orogen by ~580 Ma, and (iii) were exhumed during crustal thinning at 525–510 Ma. Ti‐in‐quartz and Zr‐in‐rutile thermometry reveals that UHTM occurred over >20,000 km2, mostly within the Anosyen domain. Assuming that U, Th, and K contents of samples from the field area are representative of the middle to lower crust during orogenesis, RHP was high enough—locally >5 μW/m3—to cause regional UHTM in <60 Myr. We conclude that, due in large part to the stability and insolubility of monazite at high crustal temperatures, RHP was the principal heat source responsible for UHTM, obviating the need to evoke external heat sources. Focused RHP probably thermally weakened portions of the middle crust, gravitationally destabilizing the orogen and facilitating thinning via lateral extrusion of hot crustal sections.
A fully integrated transformer-based front-end architecture for wireless transceivers

A fully integrated transformer-based RF front-end architecture is presented that integrates matching, combining, and T/R switch functions on chip. The front-end is implemented in a 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS Bluetooth transceiver achieving -90dBm receiver sensitivity and 2dBm transmit power from a 1.8V supply.
The Effects of Heat Activation on Bacillus Spore Germination, with Nutrients or under High Pressure, with or without Various Germination Proteins

ABSTRACT Nutrient germination of spores of Bacillus species occurs through germinant receptors (GRs) in spores' inner membrane (IM) in a process stimulated by sublethal heat activation. Bacillus subtilis spores maximum germination rates via different GRs required different 75°C heat activation times: 15 min for l-valine germination via the GerA GR and 4 h for germination with the l-asparagine–glucose–fructose–K+ mixture via the GerB and GerK GRs, with GerK requiring the most heat activation. In some cases, optimal heat activation decreased nutrient concentrations for half-maximal germination rates. Germination of spores via various GRs by high pressure (HP) of 150 MPa exhibited heat activation requirements similar to those of nutrient germination, and the loss of the GerD protein, required for optimal GR function, did not eliminate heat activation requirements for maximal germination rates. These results are consistent with heat activation acting primarily on GRs. However, (i) heat activation had no effects on GR or GerD protein conformation, as probed by biotinylation by an external reagent; (ii) spores prepared at low and high temperatures that affect spores' IM properties exhibited large differences in heat activation requirements for nutrient germination; and (iii) spore germination by 550 MPa of HP was also affected by heat activation, but the effects were relatively GR independent. The last results are consistent with heat activation affecting spores' IM and only indirectly affecting GRs. The 150- and 550-MPa HP germinations of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens spores, a potential surrogate for Clostridium botulinum spores in HP treatments of foods, were also stimulated by heat activation.
Unobtrusive Body Movement Monitoring during Sleep using Infrared Motion Detector and ZigBee Protocol

This study was designed to assess body movement during sleep at night unobtrusively using an infrared motion detector and ZigBee communication module. In order to validate the accuracy of this system, motion records and actigraphic data were obtained simultaneously from three young healthy people for three or more consecutive nights. Significant agreement between two data was found by statistical analysis. This body movement monitoring system can assess sleep behaviors on bed without any intervention. Zigbee protocol has an advantage of low power consumption and is suitable for this application.
Radicals and oxidative stress in diabetes

Recent evidence is reviewed indicating increased oxidative damage in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as deficits in antioxidant defence enzymes and vitamins. Mechanisms are considered whereby hyperglycaemia can increase oxidative stress, and change the redox potential of glutathione and whereby reactive oxygen species can cause hyperglycaemia. It is argued that oxygen, antioxidant defences, and cellular redox status should now be regarded as central players in diabetes and the metabolic syndrome.
Changes in concentrations of neuroendocrine hormones and catecholamines in dogs with myocardial failure induced by rapid ventricular pacing.

OBJECTIVE To describe neuroendocrine responses that develop in dogs subjected to prolonged periods of ventricular pacing. ANIMALS 14 adult male hound-type dogs. PROCEDURE Samples were obtained and neuroendocrine responses measured before (baseline) and after 3 periods of ventricular pacing. A pacemaker was used to induce heart rates of 180, 200, and 220 beats/min (BPM). Each heart rate was maintained for 3 weeks before increasing to the next rate. Atrial natriuretic peptide, antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine concentrations and plasma renin activity were measured. Severity of left ventricular compromise was estimated. RESULTS Shortening fraction decreased significantly with increasing heart rates (mean +/- SE, 35.5 +/- 1.4, 25.0 +/- 1.4, 19.5 +/- 1.9, and 12.2 +/- 2.3 for baseline, 180 BPM, 200 BPM, and 220 BPM, respectively). Atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations increased significantly at 180 BPM (44.1 +/- 3.0 pg/mL) and 200 BPM (54.8 +/- 5.5 pg/mL), compared with baseline concentration (36.8 +/- 2.6 pg/mL). Dopamine concentration increased significantly at 200 BPM (70.4 +/- 10.4 pg/mL), compared with baseline concentration (44.2 73 pg/mL). Norepinephrine concentrations increased significantly from baseline concentration (451 +/- 46.2 pg/mL) to 678 +/- 69.8, 856 +/- 99.6, and 1,003 +/- 2676 pg/mL at 180, 200, and 220 BPM, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Dogs subjected to ventricular pacing for 9 weeks developed neuroendocrine responses similar to those that develop in humans with more chronic heart failure and, except for epinephrine concentrations, similar to those for dogs subjected to ventricular pacing for < 6 weeks.
Managing Document using Deep Belief etwork Algorithm

Document management becomes one of the important issues nowadays due to the exponential growth of documents in the Internet. Without proper management, documents are difficult to track and easily loss. This paper investigates a deep belief network algorithm with the aim to classify the document based on its category. The deep belief network constructs two layers of hidden nodes; the pre-training phase and the fine tuning phase for the modeling process. Parameter such as number of hidden nodes, learning rate and epoch size were investigated in getting the optimum model. After a series of experiment, our results showed that deep belief network outperformed the k-Nearest Neighbors algorithm.
Analysis of lip geometric features for audio-visual speech recognition

Audio-visual speech recognition employing both acoustic and visual speech information is a novel extension of acoustic speech recognition and it significantly improves the recognition accuracy in noisy environments. Although various audio-visual speech-recognition systems have been developed, a rigorous and detailed comparison of the potential geometric visual features from speakers' faces is essential. Thus, in this paper the geometric visual features are compared and analyzed rigorously for their importance in audio-visual speech recognition. Experimental results show that among the geometric visual features analyzed, lip vertical aperture is the most relevant; and the visual feature vector formed by vertical and horizontal lip apertures and the first-order derivative of the lip corner angle leads to the best recognition results. Speech signals are modeled by hidden Markov models (HMMs) and using the optimized HMMs and geometric visual features the accuracy of acoustic-only, visual-only, and audio-visual speech recognition methods are compared. The audio-visual speech recognition scheme has a much improved recognition accuracy compared to acoustic-only and visual-only speech recognition especially at high noise levels. The experimental results showed that a set of as few as three labial geometric features are sufficient to improve the recognition rate by as much as 20% (from 62%, with acoustic-only information, to 82%, with audio-visual information at a signal-to-noise ratio of 0 dB).
Confirming and Denying in Co-Construction Processes: A Case Study of an Adult with Cerebral Palsy and two Familiar Partners

Abstract For individuals with complex communication needs, one of the most frequent communicative strategies is the co-construction of meaning with familiar partners. This preliminary single-case study gives insight into a special sequential pattern of co-construction processes – the search sequence – particularly in relation to the processes of confirming and denying meanings proposed by familiar interaction partners. Five different conversations between an adult with cerebral palsy and complex communication needs and two familiar co-participants were videotaped and analyzed using the methodology of conversation analysis (CA). The study revealed that confirmations and denials are not simply two alternative actions, but that several possibilities to realize confirmations and denials exist that differ in their frequency and that have different consequences for the sequential context. This study of confirmations and denials demonstrates that co-construction processes are more complex than have previously been documented.
Registered nurses' perception of their professional role regarding medication management in nursing care of the elderly

Background: The role of the registered nurse (RN) in the municipality regarding medication management in care for the elderly is rarely discussed. Organizational issues related to medication management often contribute more to the management than needs of the patients, nursing skills, and collaboration with the physician in primary care. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe RNs’ perceptions of their professional role, especially regarding medication management in nursing of the elderly. Design: The study is descriptive with a qualitative approach. Interviews with 16 RNs working at nursing homes were analysed by content analysis. Results: The findings can be grouped into seven categories showing the RN in different roles while performing different aspects of her or his work: as controller, executer, messenger, supervisor, initiator, visionary and solitary worker. These themes were identified in the interviews and characterized the nurses’ own judgements and actions taken, especially regarding drug treatment. Overall, the RNs described nursing in elderly care as an undefined profession lacking leadership regarding medication management. Conclusions: The study concludes that medication management ought to be promoted in care for the elderly. To handle the challenge and risks of polypharmacy there must be sufficient and adequate reporting based on the RNs’ nursing and skills to monitor and evaluate the drug treatment in teamwork with the physician. This requires leadership with understanding of the integration of services in care for the elderly, and of the medical processes and nursing skills involved.
Development of a real‐time PCR method for the detection of fossil 16S rDNA fragments of phototrophic sulfur bacteria in the sediments of Lake Cadagno

Lake Cadagno is a crenogenic meromictic lake situated in the southern range of the Swiss Alps characterized by a compact chemocline that has been the object of many ecological studies. The population dynamics of phototrophic sulfur bacteria in the chemocline has been monitored since 1994 with molecular methods such as 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis. To reconstruct paleo‐microbial community dynamics, we developed a quantitative real‐time PCR methodology for specific detection of 16S rRNA gene sequences of purple and green sulfur bacteria populations from sediment samples. We detected fossil 16S rDNA of nine populations of phototrophic sulfur bacteria down to 9‐m sediment depth, corresponding to about 9500 years of the lake’s biogeological history. These results provide the first evidence for the presence of 16S rDNA of anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria in Holocene sediments of an alpine meromictic lake and indicate that the water column stratification and the bacterial plume were already present in Lake Cadagno thousands of years ago. The finding of Chlorobium clathratiforme remains in all the samples analyzed shows that this population, identified in the water column only in 2001, was already a part of the lake’s biota in the past.
Environmental/Economic Dispatch using Genetic Algorithm and Simulated Annealing

In recent years, running of the generators at minimum cost and desired limit values has gradually increasing importance at Power systems using thermal-fueled generators. Various algorithms for solving economic dispatch problem have been found in the literature. In this study, Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Simulated Annealing (SA) solutions to Economic Cost Dispatch (ECD), Environmental Dispatch (ED), Environmental/Economic Dispatch (EED) have been found, by taking into account the environmental issue. A sample consisting of six thermal generators are presented. Transmission losses are included. Results taken with both methods have been compared to each other.
Passing the point of no return

Early warning signals indicate impending ecosystem regime changes In the field of ecology, regime shifts are massive changes in function and character that occur when an ecosystem passes a tipping point. Regime shifts sometimes have severe consequences for human well-being through losses of ecosystem services, including desertification in arid regions and marine fisheries collapses (1, 2). These changes are difficult to predict and sometimes impossible to reverse (2). For these reasons, understanding how to anticipate and prevent regime shifts is one of the most important challenges faced by environmental scientists (1–3).
The DEKA Arm: Its features, functionality, and evolution during the Veterans Affairs Study to optimize the DEKA Arm

Background and aim: DEKA Integrated Solutions Corp. (DEKA) was charged by the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency to design a prosthetic arm system that would be a dramatic improvement compared with the existing state of the art. The purpose of this article is to describe the two DEKA Arm prototypes (Gen 2 and Gen 3) used in the Veterans Affairs Study to optimize the DEKA Arm. Technique: This article reports on the features and functionality of the Gen 2 and Gen 3 prototypes discussing weight, cosmesis, grips, powered movements Endpoint, prosthetic controls, prosthetist interface, power sources, user notifications, troubleshooting, and specialized socket features; pointing out changes made during the optimization efforts. Discussion: The DEKA Arm is available in three configurations: radial configuration, humeral configuration, and shoulder configuration. All configurations have six preprogrammed grip patterns and four wrist movements. The humeral configuration has four powered elbow movements. The shoulder configuration uses Endpoint Control to perform simultaneous multi-joint movements. Three versions of foot controls were used as inputs. The Gen 3 incorporated major design changes, including a compound wrist that combined radial deviation with wrist flexion and ulnar deviation with wrist extension, an internal battery for the humeral configuration and shoulder configuration, and embedded wrist display. Clinical relevance The DEKA Arm is an advanced upper limb prosthesis, not yet available for commercial use. It has functionality that surpasses currently available technology. This manuscript describes the features and functionality of two prototypes of the DEKA Arm, the Gen 2 and the Gen 3.
SPECIES DELIMITATION AND THE ORIGIN OF POPULATIONS IN ISLAND REPRESENTATIVES OF PHYLICA (RHAMNACEAE)

Abstract Relationships between the closely related island species of Phylica (Rhamnaceae) and a mainland species, P. paniculata, were elucidated using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). Parsimony, neighbor joining, and principal coordinate (PCO) analyses indicated that each of the species studied is distinct. AFLPs were also useful in elucidating the genetic relationships and possible infraspecific origins of different island populations in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Phylica nitida on Réunion is likely to have been derived from P. nitida on Mauritius. Although the sampling on New Amsterdam is not extensive, the data are also consistent with the hypothesis that P. arborea on New Amsterdam was derived from a single colonization of P. arborea from Gough Island. Similarly, the Gough Island population appears to have been derived from a single colonization event, but it is so distinct from those on Tristan da Cunha, that there may have been two separate dispersals to Gough and Tristan/Nightingale from different lines of the mainland progenitor. There is also evidence of a recolonization from Gough to Tristan da Cunha. Thus, Phylica arborea is capable of repeated long distance dispersal, up to 8000 km, even though the fruits and seeds are not of a type normally associated with this phenomenon.
The role of neutral lipases in human adipose tissue lipolysis

Purpose of review The aim of this article is to describe the relative roles of hormone sensitive lipase and adipose triglyceride lipase in human fat cell lipolysis. Recent findings Until recently, only hormone sensitive lipase was considered important for the regulation of lipolysis within fat cells. Recent rodent studies have suggested that adipose triglyceride lipase may, however, be more important. The few human adipose triglyceride lipase studies that have been published point to species differences between humans and rodents. Selective inhibition of hormone sensitive lipase in human fat cells completely counteracts hormone-activated lipolysis, though there is a considerable (≫50%) residual nonhormonal (basal) lipolysis. In rodents, adipose triglyceride lipase enzyme activity is stimulated by a cofactor termed CGI-58. In the absence of CGI-58, lipase activity in fat cells is much higher for hormone sensitive lipase than adipose triglyceride lipase. Hormone sensitive lipase expression is regulated by obesity and body weight reduction (decreased and increased, respectively), but this is not the case for adipose triglyceride lipase. A role of adipose triglyceride lipase in human lipolysis is suggested by studies of gene polymorphisms. Summary Two lipases the ‘old’ hormone sensitive lipase and the ‘new’ adipose triglyceride lipase are of importance for the regulation of lipolysis in rodent fat cells. In humans, adipose triglyceride lipase seems essential for maintaining basal lipolytic activity, while hormone sensitive lipase is the enzyme most responsive to stimulated lipolysis.
Dose-Duration Reciprocity for G protein activation: Modulation of kinase to substrate ratio alters cell signaling

In animal cells, activation of heterotrimeric G protein signaling generally occurs when the system’s cognate signal exceeds a threshold, whereas in plant cells, both the amount and the exposure time of at least one signal, D-glucose, are used toward activation. This unusual signaling property called Dose-Duration Reciprocity, first elucidated in the genetic model Arabidopsis thaliana, is achieved by a complex that is comprised of a 7-transmembrane REGULATOR OF G SIGNALING (RGS) protein (AtRGS1), a Gα subunit that binds and hydrolyzes nucleotide, a Gβγ dimer, and three WITH NO LYSINE (WNK) kinases. D-glucose is one of several signals such as salt and pathogen-derived molecular patterns that operates through this protein complex to activate G protein signaling by WNK kinase transphosphorylation of AtRGS1. Because WNK kinases compete for the same substrate, AtRGS1, we hypothesize that activation is sensitive to the AtRGS1 amount and that modulation of the AtRGS1 pool affects the response to the stimulant. Mathematical simulation revealed that the ratio of AtRGS1 to the kinase affects system sensitivity to D-glucose, and therefore illustrates how modulation of the cellular AtRGS1 level is a means to change signal-induced activation. AtRGS1 levels change under tested conditions that mimic physiological conditions therefore, we propose a previously-unknown mechanism by which plants react to changes in their environment.