Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adverse reactions of nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole in children.

PURPOSE Many children with urological disease require long-term treatment with antibiotics. In many cases the choice of medical instead of surgical management hinges on the implied safety of certain drugs. Recently some groups have advocated subureteral injection procedures to avoid long-term antibiotics for low grade reflux. We present a concise and relevant review on the use and adverse reactions of nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed the literature regarding the safety and toxicity of these drugs. Information regarding absorption, excretion and dosing was also gathered to explain better the mechanisms of toxicity. RESULTS Adverse reactions in children reported in the literature related to nitrofurantoin are gastrointestinal disturbance (4.4/100 person-years at risk), cutaneous reactions (2% to 3%), pulmonary toxicity (9 patients), hepatoxicity (12 patients and 3 deaths), hematological toxicity (12 patients), neurotoxicity and an increased rate of sister chromatid exchanges. Adverse reactions in children related to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole are almost exclusively due to the sulfamethoxazole component, including cutaneous reactions (1.4 to 7.4 events per 100 person-years at risk), hematological toxicity (0% to 72% of patients) and hepatotoxicity (5 patients). The majority of adverse reactions were found in children on full dose therapy and not prophylaxis. CONCLUSIONS The use of nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole is safe in children for long-term prophylactic therapy. The antibiotic safety issue should not be misconstrued as an argument for surgical therapy, whether minimally invasive or not. Adverse reactions exist to these medicines but they are less common than seen in adults, presumably because of the lower dose used for therapy, and the lack of significant comorbidities and drug interactions in children. Serious side effects are extremely rare and most are reversible by discontinuing therapy. The extremely low potential for significant adverse reactions should be discussed with parents.
1,5-Dihydroxyanthraquinones and an Anthrone from Roots of Rumex Crispus

From the roots of Rumex crispus, two known anthraquinones and a new one together with a new anthrone were isolated and the structures of compounds 1 - 4 were elucidated by spectroscopic means. The singlet oxygen generation capacity was tested with 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) for compounds 1 - 4 .
Update on Nutrient Sharing between Symbionts Nutrient Sharing between Symbionts

In this review, we consider the exchange of nutrients between the host plant and the bacterial microsymbiont in nitrogen-fixing legume root nodules. During nodule formation, the host tissues and the bacterial microsymbiont develop in response to each other to form a specialized tissue that maintains an environment where nitrogen fixation can occur (Brewin, 2004; Mergaert et al., 2006; Prell and Poole, 2006). This complex development will not be considered here but, at the end of the process, specialized, nitrogen-fixing forms of the bacteria, known as bacteroids, reside in the plant cytosol, enclosed within plant-derived membranes. These organelle-like structures are known as symbiosomes; the plant-derived membrane that surrounds the bacteroid is the symbiosome (or peribacteroid) membrane and the space between the two is the symbiosome (or peribacteroid) space. An infected plant cell may be packed with thousands of symbiosomes. The exchange of nutrients that is fundamental to N2 fixation therefore involves metabolism in the plant to provide carbon and nitrogen compounds to the bacteroids and to assimilate the metabolites that bacteroids release. Nutrients transferred between the symbionts must traverse both the symbiosome and the bacteroid membranes. It is clear that there is more than one pattern whereby successful nutrient exchange can take place: There are two basic types of legume nodules, determinate and indeterminate, and there are fundamental differences between the two in how they develop and in their carbon and nitrogen metabolism. This review focuses on the metabolism of carbon and nitrogen compounds in the symbionts and on the exchange of nutrients across the bacteroid and symbiosome membranes. Particular attention is paid to the movement of primary carbon and nitrogen sources and how they are utilized by both bacteroids and the plant.
Benchmarking secondary structure prediction for fold recognition

If secondary structure predictions are to be incorporated into fold recognition methods, an assessment of the effect of specific types of errors in predicted secondary structures on the sensitivity of fold recognition should be carried out. Here, we present a systematic comparison of different secondary structure prediction methods by measuring frequencies of specific types of error. We carry out an evaluation of the effect of specific types of error on secondary structure element alignment (SSEA), a baseline fold recognition method. The results of this evaluation indicate that missing out whole helix or strand elements, or predicting the wrong type of element, is more detrimental than predicting the wrong lengths of elements or overpredicting helix or strand. We also suggest that SSEA scoring is an effective method for assessing accuracy of secondary structure prediction and perhaps may also provide a more appropriate assessment of the “usefulness” and quality of predicted secondary structure, if secondary structure alignments are to be used in fold recognition. Proteins 2003;52:166–175. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tunable Active Harmonic Mode-Locking Yb-Doped Fiber Laser With All-Normal Dispersion

We report tunable active harmonic mode-locking of a dissipative soliton ytterbium-doped fiber laser based on a high-speed intensity modulator with all-normal-dispersion (ANDi) cavity. Adjusting the working frequency and the data length of radio driving signals for the dissipative soliton pulses shaping, the repetition rates can be facilely and accurately scalable from 20.33 to 609.84 MHz corresponding to the harmonic order from the fundamental rate to 30th, which is higher than the passive harmonic mode-locking (HML) fiber laser in an all-fiber and ANDi cavity. The cavity supermode-suppression ratio is suppressed up to 50 dB, and the signal-to-noise ratio is better than 57 dB at the 30th HML.
Prevalence of pre-frailty for the component of gait speed in older adults.

OBJECTIVE to investigate pre-frailty and the factors associated with this condition, taking into account the measurements of the older adults' gait speed. METHOD participants were selected by means of inclusion/exclusion criteria and a cognitive tracking test. The sample was calculated based on the estimation of populational proportion and made up of 195 older adults who were using a Primary Health-Care Center in Curitiba in the state of Paraná. Data was collected using a socio-demographic/clinical questionnaire and the gait speed test. RESULTS pre-frailty for gait speed has moderate prevalence (27.3%), and is associated with the 60 - 69 years age range, a low level of schooling, not feeling oneself to be alone, using anti-hypertensives, having cardiovascular disease and being overweight. CONCLUSION it is considered relevant to identify those older adults with pre-frailty, as this creates the possibility for immediate intervention with the aim of stabilizing the picture. There is a significant shortage of studies on the syndrome of frailty in Brazilian older adults, principally referring to components in isolation. Given that gerontological nursing is at an early stage regarding this issue, it is understood that the identification of the prevalence must be the key point of the research on the matter.
Cooperative mechanisms of mitotic spindle formation

Cooperativity is well known to promote the speed of some biochemical reactions by accelerating the activity of enzymes. Recent studies have shown that cooperative interactions also function during the formation of a complex cellular structure, the mitotic spindle. Capture of kinetochores by dynamic astral microtubules was originally proposed as the basis of spindle formation. However, mounting evidence indicates that a more complex series of events occurs. It is now clear that there are multiple microtubule nucleation and capture sites throughout the spindle. Kinetochores, centrosomes and microtubules play multiple roles in establishing connections between spindle components and integrating them into a common structure. These data support a modified search-and-capture model that incorporates additional assembly pathways coordinated by a RanGTP gradient.
Seller Investment Incentive on Heterogeneous Platforms Under Competition

This paper sets an analytical model to study the scenario that two differentiated sellers simultaneously trade on two competitive heterogeneous platforms—for-profit platform and open platform. Three research questions are discussed: (1) If sellers trade on both competitive heterogeneous platforms, how should he/she price on the different platforms and what are the impact factors? (2) How do the fees charged by for-profit platforms to sellers and consumers affect sellers’ pricing and consumers’ selection on platforms? (3) What is the difference of seller’s investment incentives between for-profit platforms and open platforms? This paper finds that if the total fees charged by for-profit platforms keep constant, the split-up between the fees to sellers and consumers will not affect consumers’ selection of platforms. Both the fees charged by the for-profit platform and consumers distribution between platforms will affect sellers’ decision on pricing and investment on heterogeneous platforms.
On the revision of planning tasks

When a planning task cannot be solved then it can often be made solvable by modifying it a bit: one may change either the set of actions, or the initial state, or the goal description. We show that modification of actions can be reduced to initial state modification. We then apply Katsuno and Mendelzon's distinction between update and revision and show that the modification of the initial state is an update and the modification of the goal description is a revision. We consider variants of Forbus's update and Dalal's revision operation and argue that existing belief change operations do not apply as they stand because their inputs are boolean formulas, while plan task modification involves counterfactual statements. We show that they can be captured in Dynamic Logic of Propositional Assignments DL-PA.
Microfluidic chemical sensor based on SIW cavity

This paper presents a substrate-integrated-waveguide (SIW) cavity resonator with an introduction of a microfluidic channel to achieve a non-contact sensor for chemical sensing applications. The dominant mode resonant frequency of the cavity resonator is switched by injecting a very small amount of liquid (chemical) into microfluidic channel, which further results in a change in the effective dielectric constant. Initially, the two layers of SIW resonator are constructed, and then the microfluidic channel is etched on Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material stuck between the two SIW layers for non-contact chemical sensing applications. S-parameters of the proposed SIW resonator are simulated and measured. The dominant mode frequency of the proposed structure is successfully switched from 18.46 GHz to 14.83 GHz when ethanol is injected and the frequency becomes 14.11 GHz when DI-water is injected into the microfluidic channel. The capability of the SIW cavity resonator to function as a chemical sensor is successfully demonstrated.
Consumer Behavior Towards Shopping Malls: A Systematic Narrative Review

The purpose of the study is to recognize the factors that influence the consumer’s behavior towards shopping centers. Along with this study endeavors have been made to investigate different components which influence the consumer behavior towards shopping mall. This literature review found the consumer preferences towards shopping mall. Customers do not go shopping mall only for shopping but also for entertainment. Different studies denote that there are numerous factors that appeal the customer towards shopping mall. This work will definitely help shopkeepers or retailers to make changes (if any) in the mall in order to attract customers and satisfying their needs and wants and also important for the development of a mall. After reexamining of 100 papers on consumer behavior towards shopping mall author recognized that shopping environment, ease of shopping, availability of different products, showbiz offered at malls, parking facility, good product quality, discount and sales promotion are the factors that convince the Shoppers to visit shopping malls with entertainment. Keywords: Shopping Mall; Atmospheric factors; Consumer behavior
Refractive Error and Vision-Related Quality of Life in South Indian Children

Purpose To understand the vision-related quality of life (QoL) of schoolchildren with uncorrected refractive error (URE). Methods A snapshot qualitative research design and homogeneous sampling strategy was adopted. Thirty-one, 27, and 22 eye care practitioners, children, and teachers participated in four, three, and two focus group discussions, respectively. The participants were recruited from various parts of Chennai, India. The discussions were audio recorded, transcribed, coded, and analyzed. Results Eight themes emerged: complaints and symptoms of children with URE, vision-related activity limitation, coping strategies, psychological impact, social impact, the perceived difference after first time refractive correction, reasons for refractive error remaining uncorrected, and the significant amount of refractive error. Conclusions The study gives a holistic view of the vision-related QoL of children with URE by demonstrating the difficulties and problems that they face in their day-to-day life and also by describing the perceived difference in QoL after wearing refractive correction.
Phyllosphere microbiology with special reference to diversity and plant genotype

The phyllosphere represents the habitat provided by the aboveground parts of plants, and on a global scale supports a large and complex microbial community. Microbial interactions in the phyllosphere can affect the fitness of plants in natural communities, the productivity of agricultural crops, and the safety of horticultural produce for human consumption. The structure of phyllosphere communities reflects immigration, survival and growth of microbial colonists, which is influenced by numerous environmental factors in addition to leaf physico‐chemical properties. The recent use of culture‐independent techniques has demonstrated considerable previously unrecognized diversity in phyllosphere bacterial communities. Furthermore, there is significant recent evidence that plant genotype can play a major role in determining the structure of phyllosphere microbial communities. The main aims of this review are: (i) to discuss the diversity of phyllosphere microbial populations; (ii) to consider the processes by which microbes colonize the phyllosphere; (iii) to address the leaf characteristics and environmental factors that determine the survival and growth of colonists; (iv) to discuss microbial adaptations that allow establishment in the phyllosphere habitat and (v) to evaluate evidence for plant genotypic control of phyllosphere communities. Finally, we suggest approaches and priority areas for future research on phyllosphere microbiology.
Antibody-induced modulation of the leukocyte CD11b integrin prevents mild but not major renal ischaemic injury.

BACKGROUND CD11/CD18 beta(2) integrins are involved in leukocyte adhesion to the activated endothelium, and therefore represent a possible therapeutic target in the prevention of ischaemic acute renal failure (ARF). METHODS To assess the effect of an anti-CD11b monoclonal antibody (mAb) in ischaemic ARF, uninephrectomized Fischer rats were subjected to 45 or 60 min of warm renal ischaemia, then received 1 mg of anti-CD11b mAb 5 min before reperfusion. RESULTS After 45 min of ischaemia, renal function tests at 24 and 48 h were less altered in mAb-treated than in control rats, but after 60 min of ischaemia the same level of renal insufficiency was observed in the two groups. In parallel, milder tubular necrosis and less leukocyte infiltration were observed in the treated group after 45 min of ischaemia, but no difference was seen after 60 min compared to the control group. The mAb was detected on blood neutrophils up to 48 h after infusion and a marked down-regulation of CD11b expression on neutrophil surfaces was documented by flow cytometry. CONCLUSION These results indicate that anti-CD11b mAb administered prior to reperfusion decreases moderate ischaemic ARF but fails to prevent renal injury secondary to prolonged ischaemia in this model.
The N-terminal region of reelin regulates postnatal dendritic maturation of cortical pyramidal neurons

Cajal-Retzius cells, located in layer I of the cortex, synthesize and secrete the glycoprotein reelin, which plays a pivotal role in neuronal migration during embryonic development. Cajal-Retzius cells persist after birth, but their postnatal role is unknown. Here we show that Cajal-Retzius cells receive a major excitatory synaptic input via serotonin 5-HT3 receptors. Blocking this input using pharmacological tools or neutralization of reelin signaling results in hypercomplexity of apical, but not basal, dendrites of cortical layer II/III pyramidal neurons. A similar hypercomplexity is observed in the cortex of the 5-HT3A receptor knockout mouse. The increased dendritic complexity can be rescued by application of recombinant full-length reelin or its N-terminal fragment, but not by the central fragment of reelin, and involves a signal transduction pathway independent of the activation of the canonical reelin receptors. Taken together, our results reveal a novel role of serotonin, Cajal-Retzius cells, and reelin in the postnatal maturation of the cortex.
Cochlear temperature correlates with both temporalis muscle and rectal temperatures. Application for testing the otoprotective effect of hypothermia

Conclusions. During systemic hypothermia, the internal temperature of the rat cochlea correlates best with the temporalis muscle and rectal temperatures. These positive correlations will be used in future studies to assess the efficacy of mild and moderate hypothermia to protect hearing against the progressive loss caused by electrode insertion in a clinically relevant model of cochlear implantation trauma. Objective. To monitor the internal temperature of the cochlea during induced systemic hypothermia using a reference tissue instead of an internal cochlear temperature probe. Material and methods. The temperatures of the cochlea, brain, temporalis muscle and rectum were determined during periods of normothermia (37°C), mild (33°C) and moderate (30°C) hypothermia and slow rewarming in anesthetized adult Fisher rats. These values were compared using statistical analysis to establish the best correlations between the temperature of the cochlea and the temperature at the three other temperature measurement sites. Results. The strongest correlations with the internal temperature of the cochlea during the induction of mild-to-moderate hypothermia were obtained for the temperatures of the ipsilateral temporalis muscle and rectum.
3D face recognition by projection-based methods

In this paper, we investigate recognition performances of various projection-based features applied on registered 3D scans of faces. Some features are data driven, such as ICA-based features or NNMF-based features. Other features are obtained using DFT or DCT-based schemes. We apply the feature extraction techniques to three different representations of registered faces, namely, 3D point clouds, 2D depth images and 3D voxel. We consider both global and local features. Global features are extracted from the whole face data, whereas local features are computed over the blocks partitioned from 2D depth images. The block-based local features are fused both at feature level and at decision level. The resulting feature vectors are matched using Linear Discriminant Analysis. Experiments using different combinations of representation types and feature vectors are conducted on the 3D-RMA dataset.
A Novel Approach to Ensure Privacy in Big Data

: The latest buzzword in the information technology sphere is Big Data and the technologies pertaining to it. With the greater access to the Internet through the so called Internet of Things (IoT) content exchange through various media via the Internet has massively increased. All the data obtained has to be stored somewhere and with massive quanta of data stored through clouds it gives an opportunity to mine massive amount of Knowledge. Although this is welcome direction it can also invade into privacy and security of a person. If for example consider a hospital which stores massive amounts of data, it can be useful to mine potential patterns of symptoms among various patients for a particular disease spread across various age groups and hence forth. But the data can also reveal details about a single person. If this info falls into the hands of the wrong person then we are talking about intrusion of privacy. Security and Privacy are two different terms. Security determines who can access the data which can be monitored and privacy becomes an issue when what one does with that data. Lot of security mechanisms are in place nowadays. But privacy is still a wanting topic. Hence in this approach a unique approach is being proposed that will safe guard one private information is the age of Big Data.
Nanostructured solar irradiation control materials for solar energy conversion

Tailoring the solar absorptivity (αs) and thermal emissivity (ƐT) of materials constitutes an innovative approach to solar energy control and energy conversion. Numerous ceramic and metallic materials are currently available for solar absorbance/thermal emittance control. However, conventional metal oxides and dielectric/metal/dielectric multi-coatings have limited utility due to residual shear stresses resulting from the different coefficient of thermal expansion of the layered materials. This research presents an alternate approach based on nanoparticle-filled polymers to afford mechanically durable solar-absorptive and thermally-emissive polymer nanocomposites. The αs and ƐT were measured with various nano inclusions, such as carbon nanophase particles (CNPs), at different concentrations. Research has shown that adding only 5 wt% CNPs increased the αs and T by a factor of about 47 and 2, respectively, compared to the pristine polymer. The effect of solar irradiation control of the nanocomposite on solar energy conversion was studied. The solar irradiation control coatings increased the power generation of solar thermoelectric cells by more than 380% compared to that of a control power cell without solar irradiation control coatings.