Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deep Hierarchical Human Semantic Parsing

—Human parsing is for pixel-wise human semantic understanding. As human bodies are hierarchically structured, how to model human structures is the central theme in this task. We start with analyzing three inference processes over the human hierarchy: direct inference (directly predicting human semantic parts using image information), bottom-up inference (assembling knowledge from constituent parts), and top-down inference (leveraging context from parent nodes). We then formulate the problem as a compositional neural information fusion (CNIF) framework, which assembles the information from the three inference processes in a conditional manner, i.e . , considering the conﬁdence of the sources. Based on CNIF, we further present a part-relation aware human parser (PRHP), which precisely describes three kinds of human part relations, i.e . , decomposition, composition, and dependency, by three distinct relation networks. Expressive relation information can be captured by imposing the parameters in the relation networks to satisfy speciﬁc geometric characteristics of different relations. By assimilating generic message-passing networks with their edge-typed, convolutional counterparts, PRHP performs iterative reasoning over the human hierarchy. With these efforts, PRHP provides a more general and powerful form of CNIF, and lays the foundation for more sophisticated and ﬂexible human relation patterns of reasoning. Experiments on ﬁve datasets demonstrate that our two human parsers outperform the state-of-the-arts in all cases.
Desenvolvimento de Heterodera glycines em cultivares resistentes e suscetivel de soja

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento da raca 3 de Heterodera glycines nas cultivares de soja Doko, Lideranca e Centennial. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repeticoes. Plantas de soja com o primeiro par de folhas desenvolvidas foram inoculadas com 4000 ovos e as avaliacoes foram realizadas 3, 6 e 10 dias apos a inoculacao (DAI). Avaliou-se o desenvolvimento do nematoide contando, sob lupa esteroscopica, o numero de juvenis por sistema radicular. Nas cultivares resistentes Lideranca e Centennial foram encontrados, em todas as epocas, somente juvenis de segundo estadio (J2). Ja na cultivar suscetivel Doko foi observada, alem de J2 em todas as epocas, a presenca de juvenis de terceiro (J3) e quarto (J4) estadios na avaliacao 10 DAI. Assim, nas cultivares resistentes Lideranca e Centennial o nematoide nao completou seu ciclo que foi interrompido por volta do decimo DAI.
Resistance sources to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 in banana wild relatives

Target trait evaluation in crop wild relatives is an important prerequisite for efﬁciently using the potential useful geneslocated in this valuable germplasm. Over recent decades, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc-TR4)has seriously threatened worldwide banana plantations. Breeding new resistant cultivars from wild banana species isexpected to provide invaluable additional resources. However, knowledge on resistance to Foc-TR4 in wild Musa spe-cies is very limited. In this study, eight genotypes of wild banana relatives (Musa acuminata subsp. burmannica,M. balbisiana, M. basjoo, M. itinerans, M. nagensium, M. ruiliensis, M. velutina and M. yunnanensis) were character-ized for resistance to Foc-TR4 in both greenhouse and ﬁeld conditions. Most wild bananas showed higher resistancelevels to Foc-TR4 than the reference cultivars ‘Brazilian’ (AAA, susceptible) and ‘Goldﬁnger’ (AAAB, moderate resis-tance). Among the wild species, M. balbisiana showed the highest levels of disease intensity followed by M. acuminatasubsp. burmannica. Some individuals of M. yunnanensis, M. nagensium, M. ruiliensis and M. velutina showed low lev-els of rhizome discolouration in greenhouse conditions, but were resistant in the ﬁeld. No symptoms were observed onM. basjoo and M. itinerans, suggesting higher levels of resistance to Foc-TR4. The results revealed different sources ofresistance to Foc-TR4 in banana wild relatives, which constitute a valuable genetic resource for banana breeding pro-grammes aiming to produce cultivars resistant to fusarium wilt.Keywords: banana, crop wild relatives, disease resistance, Foc-TR4, fusarium wilt, Musa
Differences in Tibia Strength and Bone Ash Among Strains of Layers

Abstract Three experiments were conducted utilizing 12 strains of egg production-type pullets to determine if tibia breaking strength and tibia ash varied among strains. The data indicate that there was a significant strain difference in tibia strength but that there was no apparent difference in tibia ash among strains. It was found that caged hens had a significantly lower tibia breaking strength when compared to floor hens of the same strain; there were, however, some strains of pullets that were maintained in cages that had a higher breaking strength than other strains maintained on the floor. Floor hens were observed to lay at a slightly higher rate than the caged birds and in the third experiment had higher tibia ash values.
Heating and Yeast Inoculum Effects on Sweet Sorghum Juice Fermentation

The effect of heating and level of yeast inoculation on fermentation of sweet sorghum juice through the harvest season were investigated. Juice was heated at three temperatures and three yeast inoculation levels were used for each heating treatment. Fermentation of unheated juice resulted in mean sugar to alcohol conversion efficiencies of only 17.9% to 41.1%. On the other hand, greater than 90% conversion was observed when juice heated at 60°C was inoculated with 0.25 g L~^ (grams of yeast/liter of substrate) and when juice heated at 85°C was inoculated with yeast-to-substrate concentrations of 0.15 g L~^ and 0.25 g L~^ There was no evidence of massive bacterial contamination in the unheated juice to account for the poor conversion efficiency.
Scleroderris canker and frost damage in fertilized pine stands on an ombrotrophic mire

Scleroderris canker damage in 1983 and Scleroderris canker/frost damage in 1985 were investigated in fertilized Pinus sylvestris and Pinus contorta stands on an ombrotrophic mire in central Finland. Severe Scleroderris canker damage in 1983 was clearly associated with fertilization, especially NPK, both in Scots pine and lodgepole pine stands. The effect of fertilization on Scleroderris canker/frost damage in 1985 was not as clear as in 1983. Lodgepole pine was more susceptible to damage compared to Scots pine. Predisposition to Scleroderris canker and frost damage seemed to be associated with increased growth. Predisposition could not be interpreted by means of needle nutrient concentrations although boron concentrations were lower on fertilized plots compared to control plots.
State Coercion and Control Aversion: Evidence from an Internet Study in East and West Germany

Do politico-economic systems influence how control affects motivation? We hypothesize that control aversion has evolved less under the coercive regime of East Germany than under the liberal regime of West Germany. We test this hypothesis in a large-scale internet experiment with subjects of different generations. The core of our study is a repeated principal-agent game where the principal can control the agent by implementing a minimal effort requirement before the agent chooses an effort costly to her but beneficial to the principal. In this setting, control aversion is captured by crowding-out of intrinsic motivation due to enforcement. We find that overall, control aversion is stronger among West than among East Germans. These differences converge quickly over generations as they are significant only for older Germans who differ in their regime experience, but not for younger ones who essentially grew up in reunified Germany. We conclude that control-related preferences are deeply affected by direct exposure to a politico-economic system, while they are hardly transmitted to younger generations.
Cornelia De Lange Syndrome and Orofacial Implications

Background and objective: Cornelia de Lange syndrome is a rare disease with a very wide and genetically heterogeneous phenotypic variability that affects multiple organs and systems. This work consists of a narrative review on Cornelia de Lange syndrome, specifically addressing its orofacial manifestations and the impact of these changes on dentistry. Methods: For the bibliographic search, the following databases were used: PubMed Central (PMC), Online Knowledge Library (B-ON), Cochrane Library and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), as well as Google Scholar. The keywords used in English and Portuguese, were Cornelia de Lange syndrome, Brachmann de Lange, dental manifestations. Results: So far, pathogenic mutations have been identified in five genes: NIPBL, SMC1A, SMC3, RAD21 and HDAC8. The diagnosis of most children is usually obvious at birth. Brachycephaly and synophry are characteristics present in all children with Cornelia de Lange syndrome, being also common the presence of mental retardation. Frequent manifestations include excess facial hair and generalized hirsutism, unusually long curly upper and lower eyelashes. Small, spaced teeth with delayed eruption, partial anodontia, thin upper lip, depressed corners of the mouth, and occasionally arched or cleft palate may also be present. Conclusion: The multidisciplinary strategy is the key to treatment success. It is important to provide the family with information about the syndrome, which can help parents to cope emotionally with the situation and cooperate in the treatment of their child.
Effect of different diapause regimes on survival and colony development in the bumble bee, Bombus terrestris

Summary The effect of different diapause regimes on diapause survival and post-diapause performance of queens of the bumble bee Bombus terrestris was determined in an attempt to establish optimal diapause condition for mass rearing. Mated queens were randomly divided into four groups and subjected to one of four diapause regimes: anesthetized with CO2 (non hibernated); or hibernated for 45, 75 or 105 days at 4.5 ± 0.5°C and anesthetized with CO2. Queens hibernated for 45 days had the highest survival (80.68%). Survival decreased with increasing duration of diapause. Although non hibernated queens produced significantly more workers, males and queens than the hibernated queens, egg laying rate and colony production (more than 10 workers emerged) rate were much lower in the non hibernated queens than in the hibernated queens. The highest egg laying and colony production rates were found in the 45 days hibernated treatment (90% and 80% respectively). In terms of the lowest diapause mortality and highest post-diapause performance, therefore, hibernating queens for 45 days at 4.5 ± 0.5°C and then anesthetizing them with CO2 appears to be the best diapause regime for mass rearing of B. terrestris.
Phenolic metabolites in red pigmented lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Changes with minimal processing and cold storage

Minimally processed products are more perishable than unprocessed raw materials and readily deteriorate in quality, especially in color and texture. The effects of minimal processing on phenolic metabolites have been studied on red lettuce. Three different tissues of cv. Lollo Rosso were separated as white, green, and red and stored at 5 °C for 7−14 days. The phenolic acids caffeoyltartaric, chlorogenic, dicaffeoyltartaric, and dicaffeoylquinic, the flavonoids quercetin 3-glucuronide, quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin 3-(6-malonylglucoside), and the new compound quercetin 3-(6-malonylglucoside) 7-glucoside, and the anthocyanin cyanidin 3-malonylglucoside were isolated and identified in lettuce extracts. Phenolic compound content was evaluated immediately after cutting and after storage of the minimally processed products at 5 °C. In midrib, wounding induced an increase in phenylpropanoids during storage, particularly phenolic acids and anthocyanins. On the contrary, wounding did not induce significant chan.
Isolation and identification of bioactives organic compounds from the bark and seeds of Santaloïdes afzelii (Connaraceae)

K E Y W O R D S Isolation and identification of bioactives organic compounds from the bark and seeds of Santaloïdes afzelii (Connaraceae) AMIAN BRISE BENJAMIN KASSI1* , COULIBALY AÏSSATA SORO2, YAYA SORO2, KOFFI JULIEN GOLLY3, SIAKA SORHO2 1Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Natural Substances (LCOSN), Félix Houphouet-Boigny University, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Cote d’Ivoire 2Laboratory of Industrial Processes, Synthesis, Environment and New Energies, National Polytechnic Institute Felix Houphouët-Boigny, BP 1093 Yamoussoukro, Cote d’Ivoire 3Unit of Antibiotics, Natural Substances and Surveillance of the Resistance of Microorganisms to Anti-Infectives (ASSURMI) of the Department of Bacteriology of the Institut Pasteur Cote d’Ivoire (IPCI), 01 BP 490 Abidjan 01, Cote d’Ivoire Received: 15 July 2019 Revised: 05 March 2020 Accepted: 16 April 2020 ePublished: 25 June 2020 Corresponding author: Amian Brise Benjamin Kassi Tel: +22522546684; Fax: +22509185626 E-mail address: amiankassi@yahoo.fr Connaraceae
Antiproliferative effect of the tree and medicinal species Luehea divaricata on the Allium Cepa cell cycle

The medicinal and tree species Luehea divaricata is known as ‘açoita-cavalo’ and widely used for wood, reclamation, and in popular medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiproliferative and genotoxic effects of infusions of two populations of this species on the Allium cepa cell cycle. Cells of root tips of Allium cepa were used as an in vivo test system for monitoring the genotoxicity of this medicinal plant. Leaves and bark of two populations of Luehea divaricata were collected during the vegetative stage and used to prepare infusions in two concentrations: for the leaves (6 g/L and 30 g/L) and two concentrations for the bark (32 g/L and 160 g/L), using distilled water as negative control and glyphosate 3% as positive control. For this study, 10 groups of four bulbs were utilized, with one group of bulbs for each treatment. The slides were prepared by the squashing technique, scoring 4000 cells for each group of bulbs. The mitotic index (MI) was calculated and then a statistical analysis was performed using chi-square (χ2). The results showed that Luehea divaricata infusions in both populations caused a reduction of MI compared to control, and in both analyzed concentrations there was no significant genotoxic effect in comparison to the negative control, however there was a significant difference in relation to the positive control for both populations. The antiproliferative effect of leaf extracts increased with a greater concentration and among bark extracts no significant difference occurred between the two concentrations. The studied populations did not show genetic variability regarding the antiproliferative effect.
Energy reconstruction methods in the IceCube neutrino telescope

Accurate measurement of neutrino energies is essential to many of the scientific goals of large-volume neutrino telescopes. The fundamental observable in such detectors is the Cherenkov light produced by the transit through a medium of charged particles created in neutrino interactions. The amount of light emitted is proportional to the deposited energy, which is approximately equal to the neutrino energy for νe and νμ charged-current interactions and can be used to set a lower bound on neutrino energies and to measure neutrino spectra statistically in other channels. Here we describe methods and performance of reconstructing charged-particle energies and topologies from the observed Cherenkov light yield, including techniques to measure the energies of uncontained muon tracks, achieving average uncertainties in electromagnetic-equivalent deposited energy of ∼ 15% above 10 TeV.
TYPEN DER ARTBILDUNG

Undirected mutation and natural selection may be regarded as sufficient premises for evolution. In view of the manifold effects of mutations there is no justification in'assuming an inherent process of unfolding. There is no simple scheme of species formation, as has been assumed by some geneticists, but there exist various types of race and species development corresppnding to the complex conditions of existence of the different organisms. The following cases can be distinguished:
Comparative Statics and the Gross Substitutes Property of Consumer Demand

The gross substitutes property of demand is very useful in trying to understand stability of the standard Arrow-Debreu competitive equilibrium. Most attempts to derive this property rely on aspects of the demand curve, and it has been hard to derive this property using assumptions on the primitive utility function. Using new results on the comparative statics of demand in Quah (Econometrica, 2007), we provide simple and easy conditions on utility functions that yield the gross substitutes property. Quah provides conditions on utility functions that yield normal demand. We add an assumption on elasticity of marginal rate of substitution, which combined with Quah's assumptions yields gross substitutes. We apply this assumption to the family of constant elasticity of substitution preferences. Our approach is grounded in the standard comparative statics decomposition of a change in demand due to a change in price into a substitution e ect and an income e ect. Quah's assumptions are helpful to sign the income e ect. Combined with our elasticity assumption, we can sign the overall e ect. As a by-product, we also present conditions which yield the gross complements property. PRELIMINARY AND INCOMPLETE
IMPROVE PATIENT EXPERIENCE AND OUTCOMES THROUGH ENGAGING PATIENT EDUCATION CONTENT USING MULTI-MEDIA AND 3D ANIMATION

The purpose of this white paper is to provide a retrospective analysis of health education and healthcare quality literature to document that 3D animation and other multi-media content is superior to text-based education materials resulting in better outcomes. The research shows that understandable and compelling visual patient education such as animation, video and motion graphics enhances the patient experience, which improves patient engagement (sometimes called activation), resulting in better outcomes
Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolics in Selected Fruits, Vegetables, and Grain Products

The antioxidant activities and total phenolics of 28 plant products, including sunflower seeds, flaxseeds, wheat germ, buckwheat, and several fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants were determined. The total phenolic content, determined according to the Folin−Ciocalteu method, varied from 169 to 10548 mg/100 g of dry product. Antioxidant activity of methanolic extract evaluated according to the β-carotene bleaching method expressed as AOX (Δ log A470/min), AA (percent inhibition relative to control), ORR (oxidation rate ratio), and AAC (antioxidant activity coefficient) ranged from 0.05, 53.7, 0.009, and 51.7 to 0.26, 99.1, 0.46, and 969.3, respectively. The correlation coefficient between total phenolics and antioxidative activities was statistically significant. Keywords: Antioxidant activity; phenolics; medicinal plants; oilseeds; buckwheat; vegetables; fruits; wheat products
Formation and structure of lignin in monocotyledons. III. Heterogeneity of sugarcane (saccharum officinarum L.) Lignin with respect to the composition of structural units in different morphological regions

Abstract Heterogeneity of sugarcane lignin with respect to the composition of structural units in different morphological regions was studied by microautoradiography and some degradative analyses. Structure of the lignin differs among fiber, vessel and parenchyma. The lignin in the secondary wall of fiber is composed of syringyl (S)-, guaiacyl (G)- and p-hydroxyphenyl (H)-propane units with accompanying phenolic acid residues, and the proportion of these monolignols is S > G > H. The lignin in vessels of protoxylem contains more G and H units than S units, and that in vessels of metaxylem is similar to that in fibers. Phenolic acid constituent in sugarcane cell wall includes sinapic acid in addition to p-coumaric and ferulic acids. Ferulic acid deposits at the very early stage of lignification, and p-coumaric and sinapic acids increasingly deposit with the progress of lignification. Therefore, the ratio of p-coumaric acid or sinapic acid to ferulic acid increases with lignification. Parenchyma wall involv.
Endometrial stromal nodule: a rare case report

Endometrial stromal nodules (ESN) are benign tumours of mesenchymal origin with features reminiscent of proliferative phase endometrial stroma. Diagnosis of ESNs can be established only by light microscopy and no preoperative diagnostic methods are available. Although ESNs are benign and rare, distinguishing it from other types of invasive stromal tumours is of utmost importance since prognosis and management change considerably with the diagnosis. This was a rare case report of endometrial stromal nodule in a nulliparous woman, 30 years old who presented with complaint of menorrhagia and primary infertility and had a preoperative diagnosis of large leiomyoma with cystic degeneration. She underwent a fertility preserving conservative surgery i.e. myomectomy via abdominal route, histopathology reports of which revealed endometrial stromal nodule that changed the final diagnosis and follow up regime of the patient.
New Records of the Pygmy Right Whale (Caperea marginata) from South Africa, with Comments on Distribution, Migration, Appearance, and Behavior

Nine South African records of Caperea marginata are strongly seasonal, all occurring in the period December–February. The world distribution is summarized, based on a total of 71 individuals. Migration may include dispersal of juveniles into inshore waters in spring and summer. The first underwater photographs of this species are presented, and from them and other records, the body shape and external pigmentation are described. Behavior in the wild is unspectacular, probably making the species relatively inconspicuous at sea.
The stochastic approach to the determination of the price index can be traced back to the work of Jevons and Edgeworth over a hundred years ago

The paper discusses early stochastic approaches to index number theory. The stochastic approach to the construction of price indexes that uses only price information is due to Carli, Dutot, Jevons and Edgeworth. Later approaches due to Walsh and Keynes argued for the use of quantity or expenditure share information to weight the price information. The benefits and costs of different forms of weighting are discussed. Finally, Summer’s country product dummy method for constructing price indexes has been adapted to the time series context, leading to the time product dummy method.