Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cold treatment enhances low‐temperature flight performance in false codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

In sterile insect technique programmes, temperatures experienced by insects during rearing and handling, along with cool temperatures after release, can negatively affect performance and activity levels. Phenotypic plasticity (trait modifications caused by prior stress exposure) can offset these effects but is poorly understood in many species and traits. We investigated the effects of a cold treatment (2 °C for 16 h) on flight performance in adult false codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta. Using diverse methods, flight performance was tested using flight assays in the laboratory and in the field under varying environmental conditions. The flight performance of T. leucotreta in the laboratory was affected by cold treatment (relative to a 25 °C control group), test temperature and their interaction. Field recapture of released moths was significantly affected by the interaction between cold treatment and environmental conditions. Field recapture counts depended on the ambient temperature upon release. For example, under warmer conditions (>17 °C), the recapture count of cold‐treated moths was lower than that of the untreated control group, whereas the recapture count of cold‐treated moths at cooler temperatures was significantly higher. Our results suggest a temperature‐dependent interaction between acute cold exposure and flight performance in adult T. leucotreta, which may be used to enhance the efficacy of the sterile insect technique under cooler environmental conditions.
Fatty Liver Disease and Gut Microbiota: A Comprehensive Update

Abstract Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the accumulation of fat in the liver in the absence of secondary causes. NAFLD is a multifactorial disease that results from the interaction of genetic predisposition and metabolic, inflammatory and environmental factors. Among these factors, dysregulation of gut microbiome has been linked to the development of fatty liver disease. The microbiome composition can be modified by dietary habits leading to gut microbiome dysbiosis, especially when a diet is rich in saturated fats, animal products and fructose sugars. Different species of bacteria in the gut metabolize nutrients differently, triggering different pathways that contribute to the accumulation of fat within the liver and triggering inflammatory cascades that promote liver damage. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the roles of gut microbiota in mediating NAFLD development and discuss possible gut microbiota-targeted therapies for NAFLD. We summarize experimental and clinical evidence, and draw conclusions on the therapeutic potential of manipulating gut microbiota to decrease the incidence and prevalence of fatty liver disease.
Role of the novel cytokine IL-37 in inflammations and tumors of human reproductive system

IL-37 is one of the newest members of interleukin family and is also one of the most popular cytokine. It has been identified as an inhibitor of both innate and adaptive immunity in those most recently presented researches. However, the biological properties and the related mechanism of IL-37 haven’t been fully characterized. Although changes of IL-37 levels in reproductive system diseases and its role in tumors were different even potentially opposite, clues have shown that IL-37 is valuable for the diagnosis and therapy of inflammatory diseases and tumors. IL-37 plays mainly an anti-inflammatory role in Adenomyosis and Endometriosis and an anti-cancer role in cervical cancer and breast cancer. Recent controversial focuses are on the areas of tumors and ovarian diseases. In this review, the roles of IL-37 in reproductive system diseases will be presented. *Correspondence to: Sen Wang, Histology and embryology teaching and research section, Basic medicine department of Guangdong medical university, Guangdong province, China, Tel: +86-769-2289-6383; E-mail: wangsen@gdmu.edu. cn
Hygienic Practices, Microbial Quality and Safety of Raw Cow’s Milk and Traditional Fermented Milk (Irgo) in Selected Areas of Ethiopian Central Highlands

A semi-structured questionnaire was used to interview a total of 320 smallholder farmers to assess the hygienic practices and quality of milk and traditional fermented milk. Eighty samples each for raw and fermented milk were collected for microbial analysis using standard procedures. The majority (96.3%) of the milkers washed their hands during milking and 90.7% of the milkers washed udder before milking. However, only 3.5% of the respondents used individual clean towel to dry hands and 19.6% of the respondents to clean udder prior to milking. Plastic containers were the most frequently used milk utensils for various purposes. About 53.8% of the respondents’ clean milk utensils with cold water and detergents; while 46.2% used warm water and soap. Tap, river, spring and bore-well were the common sources of water used to clean udder, hands and milk containers. The majority of the respondent’s stored milk at room temperature until sold. The average aerobic mesophilic bacterial, coliforms, lactic acid bacteria, and yeast and mould counts in raw milk was 6.8, 3.5, 2.9, and 5.06 log cfu/mL, respectively. Significantly low aerobic mesophilic (5.3 log cfu/mL) and coliform counts (2.5 log cfu/mL) were recorded for fermented milk samples. About 7.5% of raw milk and 2.5% of the fermented milk samples were positive for Listeria monocytogenes. However, none of the samples were positive for Salmonella. Results revealed that the microbial quality and safety of raw and fermented milk produced in the central highlands of Ethiopia are not as per the standard set by European Union and may be considered as less quality product. Therefore, implementing hygienic handling practices of milk and milk products throughout the dairy value chain is essential to ensure the safety and suitability of these food products for consumers.
INCLUSIVE EDUCATION AND HEALTH CARE: COLLABORATIVE EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES

The subject of this work is the description of key teaching strategies with emphasis on critical thinking in a multidisciplinary perspective. The aim is to support teachers/trainers and to support trainees in the collaborative execution of the work of health care professionals, particularly in the field of inclusion and health care. Through a bibliographical and theoretical approach, reference is made to skills such as good knowledge of the subject, the ability to transmit knowledge and experience, an interest in the learning level, the ability to reflect and take decisions, communication skills, etc. At the same time, they are analyzed as indicative strategies at the level of cultivating critical thinking among learners, discussion, effective questions, active reading, problem-solving learning, etc. and examples of collaborative educational activities are presented. Overall, strategies to cultivate critical thinking contribute to the creation of a positive learning environment which provides security, respect and support for learners in the context of pooled educational and health training activities for All.by Miss Comfort Siaw and the final script prepared by Mr. Charles Appiah Nuamah. Article visualizations:
Effects of Combined Crocin and Epirubicin on Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Pathways in a Human Cervical Cancer Cell Line

Background: Despite using various chemotropic drugs, the therapy strategies of cervical cancer are not satisfactory. Researchers tended to examine anti-proliferative effects of different botanical components such as crocin on several cancers. Objectives: We investigated the anti-cancer mechanisms of crocin and epirubicin combination on cancer cervical cells to use fewer toxic components. Methods: By MTT, Hoechst staining and flowcytometry techniques, cell proliferation inhibitory, and apoptosis induction effects of crocin and epirubisin combination on a cervical cancer cell line (OV2008) were determined. Then, alteration expression of the Bax, Bcl2, and P21 genes were also investigated through real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). Results: The MTT results showed that crocin and epirubicin stopped proliferation of OV2008 cells. These substances had a simple additive effect after 72 hours treatment. The Hoechst staining illustrated that apoptosis significantly increased after combination therapy. The results of the cell cycle analysis showed that the percentage of dead cells was increased compared to the control group. Also, the number of cells, introduced in all of cell cycle phases, was changed, too. Moreover, real-Time PCR results showed that epiburicin 3.75 µm/mL and crocin 2000 µm/mL led to Bax and P21 up-regulated and Bcl2 down-regulated. Conclusions: Crocin can be used in companion with fewer dose of chemotropic drugs to get better results in cancer therapy and can be more effective on the reduction of drug resistance due to target the main regulators of apoptosis. Nonetheless, more surveys are needed to enlighten their molecular mechanisms.
Evaluación de la pirólisis como un método para la obtención de combustibles líquidos a partir de los plásticos generados en la Universidad Autónoma de Occidente

Actualmente la generacion de residuos solidos es uno de los grandes problemas ambientales que afecta significativamente los diferentes ecosistemas del planeta. El componente polimerico en el flujo de residuos urbanos sin una gestion adecuada trae consigo consecuencias severas no solo afectando la vida silvestre sino la salud humana. Este problema se ha agravado por los sistemas de reciclaje y gestion de residuos que no pueden hacer frente a la creciente produccion de polimericos. Por lo anterior se debe pensar en metodos innovadores, efectivos y viables que permitan dar solucion aprovechando energeticamente este tipo de materiales y que tengan un bajo impacto ambiental. Desde este punto de vista se plantea la formulacion del reciclaje quimico usando la pirolisis a escala laboratorio para obtener liquidos que puedan ser convertidos en posibles combustibles como fuente de energia para maquinas e industrias como una forma viable de contribuir a aumentar el porcentaje de reciclaje. La investigacion se desarrollo en funcion de tres fases importantes. La primera fase consistio en la identificacion del residuo polimero de mayor generacion dentro del Campus Universitario, del cual se tomo una muestra significativa del residuo. Una vez tomada la muestra plastica se procedio al desarrollo de la segunda fase encaminada a encontrar los parametros idoneos del proceso de pirolisis mediante tecnicas analiticas como TGA y DSC para posteriormente ser reemplazadas en el proceso experimental. Finalmente, la tercera fase fue hacer una revision de los aspectos ambientales generados en la anterior etapa para llevar a cabo una valoracion ambiental respectiva. Se encontro que el polimero de mayor generacion fue el polietileno de alta densidad HDPE. Revisando las tecnicas analiticas se encontro que los parametros optimos para el ensayo de pirolisis sean: velocidad de calentamiento de 10°C/min y temperatura de degradacion de 470°C. La bibliografia respalda que los productos liquidos obtenidos mediante pirolisis pueden ser transformados en combustibles con caracteristicas similares a los combustibles tradicionales mediante tecnicas de postratamiento. La valoracion ambiental permitio conocer que en los ensayos es muy bajo el nivel de impacto. Se pudo, en definitiva, demostrar que un metodo sencillo de pirolisis como el llevado a cabo puede convertir el PEAD en productos de hidrocarburos liquidos con un rendimiento significativo de 68%. Este proceso depende grandemente de la temperatura, haciendo de esta, la variable mas representativa en la transformacion del polimero
Methods and procedures for the processing of feather from poultry slaughterhouses and the application of feather meal as antioxidant

Abstract The research subject is the elaboration of a method and procedure for processing feather from poultry slaughterhouses and using it as antioxidant as well as for satisfying the sulphurous amino acid needs of ruminants. We investigated the level of digestion of the meal feather obtained with our technology, its antioxidant effect and role in the rumen fermentation of the ruminants. Making use of the digested feather meal’s antioxidant effect and amino acid composition, we make a suggestion for the preparation to be used as antioxidant and for the satisfaction of the sulphurous amino acid needs of ruminants. By adopting this procedure, the valueless feather can be transformed into a useful feed supplement (natural antioxidant, sulphur source) that can bring about significant economic growth. Pre-trials have been performed successfully, and in what follows we’ll need to prove through field trials and pilot-scale experiments that feather meal can be produced and utilized economically as antioxidant in monogastric animals and as a sulphur source in the studying of ruminants.
Elevated levels of pathogenic indicator bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes after hurricane Harvey’s Flooding in Houston

Urban flooding can dramatically affect the local microbial landscape and increase the risk of waterborne infection in flooded areas. Hurricane Harvey, the most destructive hurricane since Katrina in 2005, damaged more than 100000 homes in Houston and flooded numerous wastewater treatment plants. Here we surveyed microbial communities in floodwater inside and outside residences, bayou water, and residual bayou sediment collected immediately postflood. Levels of Escherichia coli, a fecal indicator organism, were elevated in bayou water samples as compared to historical levels, as were relative abundances of key indicator genes of anthropogenic sources of antibiotic resistance (sul1/16S rRNA and intI1/16S rRNA) based on 6 month postflood monitoring. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction measurements showed that gene markers corresponding to putative pathogenic bacteria were more abundant in indoor floodwater than in street floodwater and bayou water. Higher abundances of 16S rRNA and sul1 genes were also ob.
Paraneoplastic acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia from lymphoma completely responding to bendamustine‐rituximab

Acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia (AFOP) is a rare histopathological pattern of lung injury characterized by prominent fibrin deposition in alveolar spaces. It may be idiopathic or associated with medications, connective tissue disease, infection, environmental exposures, transplantation, and malignancy. There is no proven treatment but multiple reports describe response to corticosteroids. We report the case of a 65‐year‐old male never‐smoker with a 15‐month history of dry cough, dyspnoea, anorexia, and night sweats only partially responsive to doxycycline and oral prednisolone. Computed tomography chest demonstrated adenopathy on both sides of the diaphragm and patchy consolidation in a peribronchovascular and subpleural distribution with lower zone predominance. Axillary node biopsy revealed low‐grade non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. Lung biopsy showed AFOP but no lymphoma. Complete pulmonary and neoplastic responses were achieved with bendamustine‐rituximab. We report a compelling instance of paraneoplastic AFOP responding to chemotherapy for lymphoma with very limited use of corticosteroids.
Computational models of migration modes improve our understanding of metastasis

Tumor cells migrate through changing microenvironments of diseased and healthy tissue, making their migration particularly challenging to describe. To better understand this process, computational models have been developed for both the ameboid and mesenchymal modes of cell migration. Here, we review various approaches that have been used to account for the physical environment's effect on cell migration in computational models, with a focus on their application to understanding cancer metastasis and the related phenomenon of durotaxis. We then discuss how mesenchymal migration models typically simulate complex cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, while ameboid migration models use a cell-focused approach that largely ignores ECM when not acting as a physical barrier. This approach greatly simplifies or ignores the mechanosensing ability of ameboid migrating cells and should be reevaluated in future models. We conclude by describing future model elements that have not been included to date but would enhance model accuracy.
Elevated IL-12, TNF-α, and TNF-α/IL-10 Ratios in Stored Plasmodium falciparum-Infected Whole Blood: Implications for Safe Haemotransfusion

Although Plasmodium falciparum infections in blood donors have been reported, the impact of parasitaemia on cytokine levels in stored whole blood has not been explored. This study evaluated the effect of P. falciparum parasitaemia on circulating cytokines and their relationship with haematological parameters in banked blood. In this case-control study, two groups of donor whole blood were recruited: P. falciparum-infected donors (parasitaemia: 515–1877 parasites/μL) and noninfected blood donors (control). At day 0 (baseline), 7, 14, 21, and 35 of banking circulating cytokine levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin- (IL-) 12, IL-10, and IL-6 levels and haematological parameters were determined. Kruskal-Wallis test determined differences in weekly cytokine levels while Dunn's post hoc test determined exact significant points. At baseline, the mean TNF-α (33.81 pg/mL vs. 22.70 pg/mL), IL-12 (28.39 pg/mL vs. 16.15 pg/mL), IL-10 (51.04 pg/mL vs. 18.95 pg/mL), and IL-6 (71.03 pg/mL vs. 30.89 pg/mL) levels were significantly higher in infected donor whole blood. Significant rate of increase was observed in TNF-α, IL-12 levels, and TNF-α/IL-10 ratios in infected blood, while decreased levels were observed in IL-10. IL-6 peaked at day 21 and fell below baseline level at day 35. Significant changes in TNF-α, IL-12, IL-10, IL-6 levels, and TNF-α/IL-10 ratios in infected donor blood were observed 7 days after storage. Unlike in noninfected stored whole blood, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α/IL-10 ratio levels in infected stored whole blood related inversely to haematological parameters (white cells, red cells, platelets, and haemoglobin levels) during storage. However, in both groups, significant direct relationship was observed in IL-10 and haematological parameters. In conclusion, banking of P. falciparum-infected donor whole blood may lead to infusion of large quantities of inflammatory cytokines with potential adverse immunological response in recipients.
Microglial Immunometabolism in Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau. In response to Aβ and tau aggregates, microglia, the primary innate immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), facilitate Aβ and tau clearance and contribute to neuroinflammation that damages neurons. Microglia also perform a wide range of other functions, e.g., synaptic pruning, within the CNS that require a large amount of energy. Glucose appears to be the primary energy source, but microglia can utilize several other substrates for energy production including other sugars and ketone bodies. Recent studies have demonstrated that changes in the metabolic profiles of immune cells, including macrophages, are important in controlling their activation and effector functions. Additional studies have focused on the role of metabolism in neuron and astrocyte function while until recently microglia metabolism has been considerably less well understood. Considering many neurological disorders, such as neurodegeneration associated with AD, are associated with chronic inflammation and alterations in brain energy metabolism, it is hypothesized that microglial metabolism plays a significant role in the inflammatory responses of microglia during neurodegeneration. Here, we review the role of microglial immunometabolism in AD.
Orders of Social Science: Understanding Social-Scientific Controversies and Confluence on What “High-Quality” Knowledge and “Good” Adaptation Is

Various scholars have noted—and experienced—tribal tendencies between social-scientific “schools of thought” or “paradigms. ” The intensity and fervor of such controversies has led some scientists to compare them with frictions between religious orders. In the research domain focused on the use of climate science for climate adaptation, such disputes revolve around the what “high-quality” climate knowledge and “good” adaptation is or should be. Emphasizing this diversity of orders of social science and the humanities, this article describes five distinct ways social scientists and humanities scholars have thought and written about climate adaptation: descriptivists aim to empirically portray climate adaptation as objectively as possible from an assumed subject-independent perspective; pragmatists' research wants to increase climate resilience through usable climate information; argumentivists strive for assessing the justification of climate scientific findings, as well as adaptation decision-making that is based on these findings; interpretivists seek to empirically redescribe how the use of climate science for adaptation is shaped by, and shapes, various other social processes and political actors; and critical scholars work toward revealing how pervasive powerful interests and marginalizing discourses shape adaptation projects negatively. By comparing these five orders' respective scientific, environmental and social aims and concerns, this article pinpoints to how epistemological, ontological and methodological priorities not only drive scientific controversies on issues such as what “high-quality knowledge” is, but also how interdependent orders' methodological choices are with their epistemological and ontological positions. However, this analysis also reveals that while some scholars implicitly stick to their order, others are comfortable to collaborate across such borders. Overall, the diverging aims, priorities, and methods are unlikely to be ever fully reconciled. A better understanding of why academics from different orders differ in the approaches they take and the issues they care about will likely lead to a larger appreciation of the differences of other orders' research and broaden our understanding of key dynamics in studying “good” climate adaptation and “high-quality” climate knowledge.