Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Large deviation estimates for exceedance times of perpetuity sequences and their dual processes

In a variety of problems in pure and applied probability, it is relevant to study the large exceedance probabilities of the perpetuity sequence Yn:=B1+A1B2+⋯+(A1⋯An−1)BnYn:=B1+A1B2+⋯+(A1⋯An−1)Bn, where (Ai,Bi)⊂(0,∞)×R(Ai,Bi)⊂(0,∞)×R. Estimates for the stationary tail distribution of {Yn}{Yn} have been developed in the seminal papers of Kesten [Acta Math. 131 (1973) 207–248] and Goldie [Ann. Appl. Probab. 1 (1991) 126–166]. Specifically, it is well known that if M:=supnYnM:=supnYn, then P{M>u}∼CMu−ξP{M>u}∼CMu−ξ as u→∞u→∞. While much attention has been focused on extending such estimates to more general settings, little work has been devoted to understanding the path behavior of these processes. In this paper, we derive sharp asymptotic estimates for the normalized first passage time Tu:=(logu)−1inf{n:Yn>u}Tu:=(log⁡u)−1inf{n:Yn>u}. We begin by showing that, conditional on {Tu<∞}{Tu<∞}, Tu→ρTu→ρ as u→∞u→∞ for a certain positive constant ρρ. We then provide a conditional central limit theorem for {Tu}{Tu}, and study P{Tu∈G}P{Tu∈G} as u→∞u→∞ for sets G⊂[0,∞)G⊂[0,∞). If G⊂[0,ρ)G⊂[0,ρ), then we show that P{Tu∈G}uI(G)→C(G)P{Tu∈G}uI(G)→C(G) as u→∞u→∞ for a certain large deviation rate function II and constant C(G)C(G). On the other hand, if G⊂(ρ,∞)G⊂(ρ,∞), then we show that the tail behavior is actually quite complex and different asymptotic regimes are possible. We conclude by extending our results to the corresponding forward process, understood in the sense of Letac [In Random Matrices and Their Applications (Brunswick, Maine, 1984) (1986) 263–273 Amer. Math. Soc. ], namely to the reflected process M∗n:=max{AnM∗n−1+Bn,0}Mn∗:=max{AnMn−1∗+Bn,0}, n∈Z+n∈Z+. Using Siegmund duality, we relate the first passage times of {Yn}{Yn} to the finite-time exceedance probabilities of {M∗n}{Mn∗}, yielding a new result concerning the convergence of {M∗n}{Mn∗} to its stationary distribution.
Renoprotective and Blood Pressure Lowering Impact of Equisetum arvense and Viscum album Therapy in Experimental Model of Chronic Kidney Disease

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an irreversible decline in the glomerular filtration due to nephrosclerosis and glomerular loss. Rat remnant kidney model enables to assess the benefits of different treatment possibilities. Aim: The aim of our study was to investigate renal morphology and functioning after 12 weeks of treatment with Equisetum arvense and Viscum album. Methods: Male Wistar rats with 5/6 nephrectomy received herbal drug preparation Equisetum/Viscum in a dosage of 0.007 g/kg/die (herbal group) or losartan (180 mg/l, ARB group) or remained untreated. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and proteinuria were measured. Renal cortex tissue samples examined for focal-segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and interstitial fibrosis (IF). mRNA was isolated to estimate CCL2/MCP-1 gene transcription. Results: SBP was significantly lower both in herbal group and ARB group compared with untreated animals (p < 0.05). The difference in proteinuria between herbal group and untreated group was significant (p < 0.05), between ARB group and untreated NPX (p = 0.001). Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed statistically significant differences of mRNA transcription for MCP-1 between herbal group and untreated group (p < 0.05) and ARB group and untreated group (p < 0.001). FSGS (%) and IF (scored 0 - 3) estimation in kidney tissue samples revealed that significantly less glomerulosclerosis was found and IF score was lower both in herbal group and ARB group compared to untreated group (p = 0.001). Conclusions: We report about beneficial impact of horsetail Equisetum arvense and mistletoe Viscum album treatment on kidney functioning and morphology.
Device for manufacturing a 3D object

A device for producing a three-dimensional object made of solidifiable material has at least one processing unit (11) for processing the solidifiable material into a fluid phase in order to move the material out of a material reservoir (12) via a discharge unit (13) in the direction of a construction space (17 ) in the form of discontinuous drops (15). Because the closure means has a plastically deformable solid-body joint (24), the framework conditions required for this can be satisfied (FIG. 2).
DEEP LEARNING FRAMEWORK USED IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE ANALYSIS

In Biomedical Engineering, the data collected of physiological signals assists in the detection of diseases, treatment and rehabilitation. In Parkinson’s disease (PD) which is an illness that remains incurable the knowledge and understanding of the symptoms help to bring better conditions to patients life. PD has a vary of symptoms and its data collection has been performed by different exams and monitoring periods, generating complex and voluminous data. In this sense, techniques to analyze these types of information have been improved, and some developers have invested in the use of artificial intelligence, specifically in Deep Learning (DL) frameworks, which contains different methods in a single tool. In this review, the main contributions were to conceptualize and understand the term Deep Learning, the basic characteristics of the most used frameworks and point the methods supported by each one. In addition, elucidate if DL has been used to process PD data
AB0644 Pregnancy outcomes of planned pregnancy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a retrospective multicenter study

Background Compared with the general population, patients with SLE are still at high risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). A number of studies have shown that patients with SLE are more likely to develop fetal complications, including fetal loss, preterm birth and IUGR, compared to healthy women. Objectives To investigate the fetal and maternal outcomes, as well as predictors for APOs in women with SLE who conceived when disease was stable, the so called “planned pregnancy”. Methods A retrospective multicenter study of 243 patients with SLE who underwent planned pregnancy was performed. APOs in fetus and mothers were recorded. Results The average age at conception was 28.9±3.9 years. Duration of SLE prior to pregnancy was 4.4±4.3 years. Fetal APOs occurred in 86 (86/243, 35.4%) patients. Preterm births, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), fetal distress, and fetal loss accounted for 22.2%, 14.8%, 11.1%, and 4.9%, respectively. Forty-two preterm infants (42/54, 77.8%) were delivered after the 34th week of gestation. All the preterm infants were viable. Fifty-two patients (52/243, 21.4%) had disease flares, among which 45 (45/52, 86.5%) cases were mild, 6 (6/52, 11.5%) were moderate and 1 (1/52, 1.9%) was severe. Fifty-two disease flares (21.4%) occurred, among which 8 disease flares occurred during the first-trimester, 15 during the second-trimester, and 29 during the third-trimester. Disease activity was mild in 45 (45/52, 86.5%) patients, moderate in 6 (6/52, 11.5%), and high in 1 (1/52, 1.9%). Disease flares were mainly presented as active lupus nephritis (41/52, 78.8%), thrombocytopenia (10/52, 19.2%), and skin/mucosa lesions (9/52, 17.3%). Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) occurred in 29 patients, among which 3 were gestational hypertension and 26 were preeclampsia. Multiple analysis showed that disease flares (OR 8.1, 95% CI 3.8–17.2, p<0.001) and anticardiolipin antibodies positivity (OR 7.4, 95% CI 2.5–21.8, p<0.001) were associated with composite fetal APOs. Conclusions Planned pregnancy improved fetal and maternal outcomes, presenting as lower rate of fetal loss, more favourable outcomes for preterm infants as well as less severe disease flares during pregnancy. Our research reinforced the importance of planned pregnancy, which allowed women with SLE to conceive in a proper time monitored by multidisciplinary experts. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Artificial Chemical Reaction Optimization Algorithm and Neural Network Based Adaptive Control for Robot Manipulator

In this paper, an artificial chemical reaction optimization algorithm (ACROA) and neural network based adaptive control scheme for robot manipulator is proposed to obtain the expected trajectory tracking. A radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is applied to approximate the uncertainties. The network parameters in initial stage are optimized by utilizing ACROA. The RBFLN weights are achieved based on adaptive tuning law in Lyapunov stability theory. Thus, the system is convergent and stable, and the control performances of the system are improved. The simulation results of two-link robot manipulator are represented to validate the efficiency of the proposed control method.
A Study of Bilateral Asymmetry of Upper Extremities and its Effects on Stature Reconstruction amongst Nigerians

The relevance of stature prediction from body segments to a forensic scientist cannot be overemphasized. But the presence of bilateral asymmetry between these limbs still poses a lot of challenges in ascertaining accurate values from estimates. A regression equation derived from the right side and applied to the left side may cause more harm than good in medico-legal investigations. The aim of this study is to predict stature from limb lengths and to investigate the effect of bilateral asymmetry on stature reconstruction. A total of 230 healthy Nigerians (100 males and 130 females) aged between 18 to 36 years were recruited for the measurement. Stature, left and right limb lengths were measured in centimeters in tandem with the standard anthropometric procedure. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20 Chicago Inc. Results of this study showed sexual dimorphism and bilateral asymmetry between left and right limb lengths in both sexes at a significance level of p < 0.01. The present outcome may be found useful by Forensic anthropologist and anatomist in narrowing down human individuality using the regression models. Therefore, there is need for right appropriation of an equation to the correct side of the body otherwise it may lead to erroneous results.
Macroinvertebrate distribution in Ecuadorian hill streams: the effects of altitude and land use.

The earth's major mountain ranges provide opportunities to assess the effects of altitude and land use on stream fauna, but many basic patterns are still undescribed. Macroinvertebrates were therefore sampled from rifle and marginal habitats of 45 streams in three regions of the Ecuadorian Andes. Assemblage structure and richness were assessed in relation to habitat character, water chemistry and catchment land use. Land use varied from humid montane forest in the Western and Eastern Cordillera to transition forest and Paramo in the Central Valley. However, c. 30 % of sites in each region were located in managed catchments of cleared forest, pasture or crop plantations. Water chemistry and stream habitat varied significantly between regions, altitudes and land use. Invertebrate assemblages were dominated by Baetidae, Leptophlebiidae, Tricorythidae, Elmidae, and Chironomidae, but ordination revealed major variations in assemblage structure with altitude. Hydropsychidae, Philopotamidae, Ptilodactyidae and Gomphidae were restricted to lower altitude whereas Scritidae and Gammaridae characterised higher altitude sites. Secondary variations in assemblage structure were correlated with habitat structure and metal concentrations (Al, Fe and Mn), and in turn were reflected in taxon richness. Classification revealed generally similar patterns, but showed also potential effects on assemblage structure in the Western Cordillera where humid montane forest had been cleared for agriculture. We conclude that, as in other mountain regions, major downslope patterns are clear among aquatic invertebrates in the Ecuadorian Andes. However, from these data altitude affects assemblage composition more than richness. Downslope patterns might have been modified by human activity at the catchment scale, and also by local site attributes such as habitat structure and stream chemistry. We erect three hypotheses about the effects of land use on Andean rivers that will be testable through further work.
Effect of Lifting Date and Time of Storage on Survival and Die-Back in Four Deciduous Species

Abstract Woody landscape plants transplanted in urban areas frequently show poor establishment and high mortality rates. The importance of lifting date in combination with cold storage was tested in a trial with four species, European white birch (Betula pendula Roth.), redosier dogwood (Cornus sericea L. ‘Flaviramea’), singleseed hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.) and English oak (Quercus robur L.). Plants were lifted at 14-day intervals during the fall and divided for different purposes including assessment of root growth potential (RGP) before and after four months of cold storage; evaluation of survival and damages after four months of cold storage; and for evaluation of survival, damage and shoot growth in a field trial. Early lifting in combination with cold storage was negative for the survival and damage to the four species. A longer period of cold storage had a further negative effect on plants lifted early. RGP assessed in the fall could indirectly be used to predict lifting date of European wh.
FMRFamide-like Immunoreactivity in the Nervous System of the Starfish Asterias rubens

The nervous system of the starfish Asterias rubens was subjected to immunocytochemical investigation using antisera raised against the molluscan neuropeptide FMRFamide. Immunoreactivity was detected in the radial nerve cords and the circumoral nerve ring, as well as in the sub-epithelial nerve plexus of the tube foot system. The hyponeural part of the radial cords contained numerous immunoreactive cell bodies. In the ectoneural tissue, immunoreactive cells were present in the epithelium, with cell bodies especially abundant in the lateral parts of the nerve, close to the site of emergence of the innervation to the tube feet. The sub-epithelial nerve plexus of the tube feet contained immunoreactive fibers that were continuous with an extensive system of ectoneural immunoreactive fibers in the radial nerve cords. Immunoreactive fibers were particularly evident in the regenerating radial nerves of previously sectioned arms.
Refinement reflection: complete verification with SMT

We introduce Refinement Reflection, a new framework for building SMT-based deductive verifiers. The key idea is to reflect the code implementing a user-defined function into the function’s (output) refinement type. As a consequence, at uses of the function, the function definition is instantiated in the SMT logic in a precise fashion that permits decidable verification. Reflection allows the user to write equational proofs of programs just by writing other programs using pattern-matching and recursion to perform case-splitting and induction. Thus, via the propositions-as-types principle, we show that reflection permits the specification of arbitrary functional correctness properties. Finally, we introduce a proof-search algorithm called Proof by Logical Evaluation that uses techniques from model checking and abstract interpretation, to completely automate equational reasoning. We have implemented reflection in Liquid Haskell and used it to verify that the widely used instances of the Monoid, Applicative, Functor, and Monad typeclasses actually satisfy key algebraic laws required to make the clients safe, and have used reflection to build the first library that actually verifies assumptions about associativity and ordering that are crucial for safe deterministic parallelism.
Approach Grafting - a New Approach for the formation of Clonal Bank of Terminalia chebula

Terminalia chebula is a highly valuable forestry species, not only for its timber value, but even more so for its medicinal and commercial value as tannin. Its natural regeneration by seed is poor due to its hard mesocarp, thick shell and poor formation of kernel and vegetative propagation through quite successful, requires juvenile period for fruiting. To over come time difficulty its cleft grafting was tried and was successful in getting good graft plants in good time. These were also well branched, gave suitable branchlet for approach grafting which was also very successful and opens new horizon's for the formation of a clonal bank for this species. This new technology will also help farmers in obtaining sustained income gains as well.
Blockchain as a secure platform for storing IoT based sensor data

Block chain, a promising technology is emerging as a boon for many sectors. IoT, at the same time has brought about a tide of innovation with its wide range of applications. However, the problem with IoT is ensuring the security of the sensor based data storage. The possible and feasible solution for this problem can be formulated using Block chain. Block chain has begun to have a significant influence in the IoT by enhancing security, empowering the incorporation of an increasing number of devices into the ecosystem. The improvements in IoT gadget security encourage quicker appropriation of this progressive advancement, and will open up an extensive variety of potential outcomes for endeavours in the days to come. Hereby we aim to propose a new IoT server platform by introducing a block chain. This system can be a radical departure from traditional processes of storing data and it can also remove the bottlenecks associated with the traditional cloud based data storing systems. It aims at retrieving sensitive data from the IoT devices and securely storing as well as maintaining it in the blockchain and controlling the access to this data.
Endogenous Factors that Regulate Plant Embryogenesis: Recent Advances

In seed plants, embryogenesis is an important process to produce a new generation. It comprises three steps: establishment of organization as an embryo, accumulation of storage substances in the embryo, and acquisition of desiccation tolerance and seed dormancy. These steps are accurately regulated by many factors, including phytohormones, proteins, transcription factors, and other substances related to embryogenesis. The embryogenesis mechanism has been analyzed through biochemical, biological, and molecular approaches using embryo-defective mutants or somatic embryogenesis whose traits are similar to zygotic embryogenesis, both morphologically and physiologically. Appropriate auxin transport plays an important role in the formation of cotyledon and meristem during early embryogenesis. Some transcription factors (LEC1, ABI3, LEC2, and FUS3) that have been isolated from embryo-defective mutants are characterized as embryo-related genes. Among them, some transcription factors are related to phytohormone signaling. ABI3 and ABA regulate the expression of the LEA gene, whose proteins are accumulated during late embryogenesis. Also, LEC2 and FUS3 negatively regulate bioactive GA synthesis. On the other hand, some regulatory factors have been isolated and identified from culture medium during somatic embryogenesis. The factors are low molecular substances such as the phenolic compounds (4HBA, VBE and 4PMP) that inhibit somatic embryogenesis, or the peptidyl growth factor, PSK, which stimulates somatic embryogenesis. Here, we review recent findings of various factors regulating plant embryogenesis.
Understanding risk factors for HIV-1 infectiousness and transmission:prospective studies in HIV-1 serodiscordant couples

Background and objectives: Heterosexual HIV-1 serodiscordant couples are increasingly recognized as an important source of new HIV-1 infections in sub-Saharan Africa. A simple risk assessment tool could be useful for identifying couples at highest risk for HIV-1 transmission. Methods : Using data from three prospective studies of HIV-1 serodiscordant couples from seven African countries and standard methods for development of clinical prediction rules, we derived and validated a risk scoring tool developed from multivariate modeling and composed of key predictors for HIV-1 risk that could be measured in standard research and clinical settings. Results : The final risk score included age of the HIV-1 uninfected partner, married and/or cohabiting partnership, number of children, unprotected sex, uncircumcised male HIV-1 uninfected partner, and plasma HIV-1 RNA in the HIV-1 infected partner. The maximum risk score was 12; overall, 28% of serodiscordant couples had an elevated risk score (≥6), and this group accounted for 67% of HIV-1 transmissions. The area under the curve for predictive ability of the score was 0.74 (95% CI 0.70-0.78). Internal and external validation showed good predictive ability of the risk score, even when plasma viral load was excluded from the risk score. Conclusions: A discrete combination of clinical and behavioral characteristics defines highestrisk HIV-1 serodiscordant couples. Discriminating highest-risk couples for HIV-1 prevention programs and clinical trials using a validated risk score could improve research efficiency and maximize the impact of prevention strategies for reducing HIV-1 transmission.
Bodily Aware Soft Robots: Integration of Proprioceptive and Exteroceptive Sensors

Being aware of our body has great importance in our everyday life. It helps us to complete difficult tasks, such as movement in a dark room or grasping a complex object. These skills are important for robots as well, however, robotic bodily awareness is still an open question, and the nonlinearity of soft robots adds even more complexity. In this paper, we address this problem and present a novel method to implement bodily awareness into a real soft robot by the integration of its exteroceptive and proprioceptive sensors. We use an octopus-inspired arm as an example where the proprioceptive representation is approximated by four bend sensors integrated into the soft body, while a camera records the movement of the arm capturing its exteroceptive representation. The internal sensory signals are mapped to the visual information using a combination of a stacked convolutional autoencoder (CAE) and a recurrent neural network (RNN). As a result, the soft robot can learn to estimate and, therefore, to imagine its motion even when its visual sensor is not available.