Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
385-512 Tourism 2017 04ENG.indd

Trails are important elements in the natural and cultural landscape, and many ancient pathways have developed into routes of great signifi cance for recreation and tourism in contemporary societies. By conducting a systematic quantitative literature review, this paper report on the status of international trail research and analyzes some of the key content with focus on trails for tourism and outdoor recreation in non-urban settings. For this purpose, we reviewed 195 research papers published in peerreviewed academic journals. Results show that research on trails for tourism and outdoor recreation is primarily from English-speaking Western countries. Th e most studied trail-based activity is hiking, but there has been an increase in the number of studies researching multiple activities. Results also show that international trail research to a large extent is based on the natural sciences, and focus on environmental and managerial aspects of trail use. Th is review identifi es gaps in trail research, especially in a socio-cultural context on topics such as heritage and public health. Research on confl icts between diff erent recreational trail-based activities is also relatively scarce, as well as studies concerning confl icts between trail-based recreation interests and other land-use interests. We also identify a need for an exploration of the trail concept, as research has not yet articulated a clear defi nition of what a trail is. Th e paper also includes analyses of changes in trail-related research over time.
Surface Heat Load Modelling on Tungsten Monoblocks in the ITER Divertor

Surface heat loads on several ITER monoblock desig n options are derived under the pessimistic assumption that 100% of the plasma component of the incident power is deposited on the surface. Under such conditions, power flow into gaps, target tilting, a nd monoblock shaping would lead to peak temperature s that can exceed the tunsgten recrystallization temperature d ring inter-ELM detached regime, and possible edge melting during slow transient reattachment. Furthermore, th margin against global surface melting due to miti gated ELMs would be lost.
Virtual Learning : A Paradigm Shift – ONGC Experience

Virtual learning or e-learning is a knowledge transfer framework that blends multiple electronic channels and interaction models to improve user skills, performance, and awareness in the context of life, work, and learning styles. According to an estimate e-learning provides 30% more learning content, in 40% less time and at 30% less cost than traditional classroom learning (Doane, 2003) . This is all about building a culture in which learning is an ongoing process and employees take responsibility for their own knowledge upgradation and development.
Myasthenia gravis: an update for the clinician

This paper provides a thorough overview of the current advances in diagnosis and therapy of myasthenia gravis (MG). Nowadays the term ‘myasthenia gravis’ includes heterogeneous autoimmune diseases, with a postsynaptic defect of neuromuscular transmission as the common feature. Myasthenia gravis should be classified according to the antibody specificity [acetylcholine, muscle‐specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK), low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 4 (LRP4), seronegative], thymus histology (thymitis, thymoma, atrophy), age at onset (in children; aged less than or more than 50 years) and type of course (ocular or generalized). With optimal treatment, the prognosis is good in terms of daily functions, quality of life and survival. Symptomatic treatment with acetylcholine esterase inhibition is usually combined with immunosuppression. Azathioprine still remains the first choice for long‐term immunosuppressive therapy. Alternative immunosuppressive options to azathioprine include cyclosporin, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus. Rituximab is a promising new drug for severe generalized MG. Emerging therapy options include belimumab, eculizumab and the granulocyte– macrophage colony‐stimulating factor. One pilot study on etanercept has given disappointing results. For decades, thymectomy has been performed in younger adults to improve non‐paraneoplastic MG. However, controlled prospective studies on the suspected benefit of this surgical procedure are still lacking. In acute exacerbations, including myasthenic crisis, intravenous immunoglobulin, plasmapheresis and immunoadsorption are similarly effective.
An application of detection function for the eye blinking detection

The electrooculogram represents the electrical activity of muscles which steering of movements of an eye. The eye blinking is a natural protection system which defends the eye from environmental exposure. The spontaneous eye blink is considered to be a suitable indicator for fatigue diagnostics during many, different tasks of human being activity. The detection function is used to detect the spontaneous eye blink action. On this base the position of an eye blink is estimated. The results demonstrate that the measurement of an eye blink parameter provides reliable information for eye-controlled systems from human-machine interface.
Estimate of Heterosis and Combining Ability in Diallel Bread Wheat Crosses ( Triticum aestivum L . )

This investigation was carried out at the experimental farm of Etai El-Baroud Agricultural Research Station, ElBeheira Governorate (Agricultural Research Center) during the two successive growing seasons 2006/2007 and 2007/2008. Five bread wheat cultivars and lines, Triticum aestivum L. en Thell, representing a wide range of diversity for several agronomic characters were selected for the study. The five parents and ten crosses were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications with recommended fertilization. The genetic analysis (variance, combining ability, heterosis, and path coefficient analysis) of grain yield per plant and some agronomic traits, i.e., (days to anthesis, days to maturity, plant height, spike length, number of tillers/plant, number of spikes/ plant, number of grains/spike and 1000-grain weight) were evaluated. Differences among parents and hybrids were significant. Highly significant heterosis was depicted in two crosses (P1 P3) and (P1 P2) for grain yield/plant. Three parental combinations; (P1 P2), (P1×P3) and (P1 P5) expressed significant specific combining ability effects for grain yield/plant. The Number of grains/spike followed by 1000-grain weight proved to be the major grain yield contributors.
Molecular TILLING and EcoTILLING : Effective Tools for Mutant Gene Detection in Plants

Forward genetics has been responsible for our understanding of many biological processes and is an excellent method for identifying genes that function in a particular process. In reverse genetics, the functional study of a gene starts with the gene sequence rather than a mutant phenotype. Using various techniques, a gene's function is altered and the effect on the development and phenotypic traits of the plant is analysed. Reverse genetics is an important complement to forward genetics. For example, using reverse genetics, one can investigate the function of all genes in a gene family, something not easily done with forward genetics. Further, one can study the function of a gene found to be involved in a process of interest in another species, but for which no forward genetic mutants have yet been identified. Finally, the vast majority of genes have not yet been mutated in most plants and reverse genetics allows their study. The availability of complete genome sequences combined with reverse genetics can allow every gene to be studied. In this chapter we review the recent progress that has been made towards identifying induced point mutations and natural variation in different plants using the high throughput reverse genetics technologies, TILLING and EcoTILLING, and discuss the prospects of using these techniques in ornamentals. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ANNUAL SPATIO-TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF TOULOUSE URBAN HEAT ISLAND

ISLAND Grégoire Pigeon*, Aude Lemonsu*, Valéry Masson* *CNRM-GAME (URA1357), Météo France-CNRS, Toulouse Abstract During the CAPITOUL field campaign, the temperature was measured at 27 sites over Toulouse sampling different Urban Climate Zones (UCZ). The comparison of the sites for the different seasons revealed some variation of the behaviour between UCZs. Then, the differences of temperature have been analyzed in relation with the incoming solar radiation and the anthropogenic heat releases. Even with cloudy nighttime conditions, some strong urban heat island events are observed associated with large anthropogenic heat releases.
Mobility and Contact Mechanics of a Rotating Platform Total Knee Replacement

Despite their increasing clinical use, mobile-bearing total knee replacements have not been well characterized biomechanically. An experimental and finite element analysis was done to assess the mobility and contact mechanics of a widely used rotating platform total knee replacement. Parameters that varied were axial load, condylar load allocation, flexion angle, and static versus dynamic loading. Similar results from the physical model and finite element model lend credence to the validity of the findings. The torque required to initiate rotation (static torque) was greater than that to sustain rotation (dynamic torque). At four times body weight axial load, peak resisting torque measured was 9.47 ± 0.61 and 5.51 ± 0.38 N-m, for static and dynamic torque, respectively. A 60–40 condylar load allocation produced slightly less resisting torque than the 50–50 load. For all practical purposes, the polyethylene insert rotated simultaneously with the femoral component, leading to maintenance of high contact area, desirable behavior clinically. Walking cycle simulations produced a total axial rotation range of motion of 6°. The high frictional torques observed at the mobile interface may explain why a percentage of these mobile-bearings fail to rotate under routine functional load.
Post‐natal development of electrophysiological properties of rat cerebral cortical pyramidal neurones.

1. The post‐natal development of the electrophysiological properties of cortical layer V pyramidal neurons was investigated with intracellular recordings from rat sensorimotor cortical slices, in vitro. 2. At all ages post‐natally (post‐natal day 1 to day 36; P1‐P36) neurons were capable of generating a train of Na+‐dependent action potentials in response to intracellular injection of sufficient depolarizing current. During the second and third week post‐natally, these action potentials changed substantially, becoming faster in both their rising and falling phases, shorter in duration, and larger in amplitude. 3. Both mature (greater than P21) and immature (P2‐P4) cortical neurones could generate Ca2+‐dependent action potentials only if a substantial portion of K+ conductances were blocked. The maximum rate of rise of Ca2+ spikes also increased with age. 4. The apparent input resistance, specific membrane resistance, and membrane time constant all decreased with age from P1 to P30. Immature neurones had I‐V relationships that were substantially more linear than those of adult cells, although rectification was often present in both the hyperpolarizing and depolarizing range. Inward rectification in the depolarizing range was Na+ dependent and was substantially larger in mature versus immature neurones. 5. Single, or trains of, action potentials in immature neurones were followed by short duration (10‐50 ms) and long duration (1‐5 s) after‐hyperpolarizations (a.h.p.s) respectively. The duration of the latter appeared to decrease with age. The presence of large a.h. p.s indicates that Ca2+ entry occurs during the action potential of immature, as well as mature, neurones. 6. Responses to intracellular injection of depolarizing current pulses indicated that immature neurones have frequency versus injected current (f‐I) relationships which are in general less steep than those for adult neurones and more limited in terms of the range of firing frequencies. 7. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that there is a considerable increase in the density of voltage‐dependent ionic channels underlying the electro‐responsiveness of cortical pyramidal neurones during post‐natal development.
Face Damage Growth of Sandwich Composites under Compressive Loading: Experiments, Analytical and Finite Element Modeling

Sandwich panels with composite laminate skins having [(±45C)2,(0C,0G)4,(±45C)2] stacking sequence (subscript C for carbon fibers, G for glass) and containing barely visible impact damage (BVID) induced on the whole sandwich structure impacted at low energy, were tested in edge after-impact-compression with load direction parallel and transversal to the fibers direction (0-dir.). The morphology of impact damage on the sandwich structure was determined by using ultrasonic C-Scan and visual observation of laminate cross section. A Digital Image Correlation (DIC) system was used to measure the delamination evolution during the test. Two different failure behaviors were observed in two different impacted panels. Panel with fibers oriented transversally to the compressive load showed an opening (Mode-I) propagation of a delamination, while the panel with fibers parallel to the load showed shear (Mode-II) propagation. The static load such to determine local buckling of the composite face and failure was experimentally measured. An analytical model was implemented to predict the static strength of laminate with Mode-I opening. An FE model was instead built to predict the local buckling failure mode of the laminate with BVID, which is the first phenomenon to appear. The results of the analytical model and the numerical simulation correlate well with the test.
EMBEDDING RАPIDMINER MODELS IN JAVA CODE

Intelligent data analysis, also known as Data Mining, is implemented for a search for new and useful knowledge in large data arrays. Data Mining models can be easily built by means of visual graphic interface of Rapid Miner open-ended software. RаpidMiner provides operators for the most well-known algorithms and methods for data analysis and machine learning, including input and output, data preprocessing and visualization. The presented paper discusses problems of embedding of models, which were created using Rapid Miner, into Java codes of other applications.
PROCESS DOCUMENTATION RESEARCH ON PATTERN OF PESTICIDE USE IN WESTERN INDIA

Gujarat stands fourth in quantity of pesticide use. Rich farmers with large land holdings, do farming with the notion that heavy use of pesticides can prevent pests. Pesticides are used in high doses and it is often the dealer who advises farmers on which pesticide to use. Several policies were made for trade of pesticide but till date 16% of the pest control practices relies on organochlorine pesticides. Various factors influencing such use of chemicals were correlated with the user groups in the present study. A thorough documentation was done with scientific approach incorporating social and economical aspects. The present study was an attempt to understand pesticide use in a district in Gujarat and to motivate farmers to use pesticides judiciously.We conducted a questionnaire survey to understand if age and education of farmers has any influence on the use of pesticides. We found that maximum amount of pesticide was utilized by the middle age group farmers (2526g/ha) and those (60%) having secondary level of education. To validate the importance of extension workers and their duties we found that the majority of farmers had medium level of extension contact (80.0%) and 16.67% paddy growers had a high level of extension contact. Economically sound farmers with larger land holdings used more pesticides and the economic characteristics of the farmers played an important role in choosing pesticide and its quantity. Our findings suggest that pesticide utilization was negatively related with scientific orientation and the knowledge of the farmers. Reduction in pesticide use can be achieved by adopting the IPM approach.
Molecular and cellular stratagem of brain metastases associated with melanoma ( Review )

Tumors of the central nervous system are the most prevalent complications of melanoma, especially in the late stage of disease. Melanoma, lung and breast cancer are the leading cause of secondary tumors in the brain, the majority of them having a poor outcome. Brain dissemination is developed in half of stage IV melanomas and these cases can increase up to 75%, having a major impact on the quality of life. This review will focus on recent findings that provide new ways to potentially prevent brain metastases in malignant melanoma. The key of these findings is based on the heterogeneity of the melanoma and of the brain metastases at genetic levels. This new era of technologies provides new tools in understanding the dissemination mechanisms of malignant cells. The cellular and molecular changes, the immune status of the patient and the blood-brain barrier permeability are key regulators of cancer cell dissemination. Understanding these mechanisms can render new hope in preventing brain metastases by focusing on melanoma and new pharmacologic approaches.
Volume preserving surgeries on hyperbolic 3-manifolds

In this paper, we investigate two types of surgeries, the parallel surgery and the series surgery, on finite-volume hyperbolic 3-manifolds. In [2] Harnois and Trapp show that these surgeries preserve hyperbolicity and volume when performed on fully augmented links. Using methods similar to Adams in [1], we prove that the parallel and series surgeries preserve hyperbolicity and volume when performed on any finite-volume hyperbolic 3-manifold.
Damage Localization of Output-Only Systems by DLV Method

In this study, the feasibility of DLV method for damage detection of output-only frame systems is experimentally explored based on their dynamic responses with the SSI algorithm for system identification. Conditions of both single and multiple damages at various locations have been considered. Both a white noise scenario and the El Centro earthquake are considered as the seismic inputs with full or partial observation on the acceleration responses of the floors. The scheme proves effective and robust at a single damage condition under both stationary and non-stationary input excitations. The scheme, however, is insufficient for multiple damage conditions when the structure is partially observed. In such circumstances, the input excitation is needed for a more precise damage assessment as illustrated in a previous work (Wang, Hsieh & Wang, 2011). This study gives further insights on the scheme in terms of effectiveness, robustness, and limitation for damage localization of frame systems from seismic response data.
Plan for supply chain agility at Nokia Lessons from the mobile infrastructure industry

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe how demand planning can increase agility in supply chains. The paper builds on a case study from mobile infrastructure industry with explicit focus on project business environment. Design/methodology/approach – The paper contains a short theoretical review on supply chain agility, different planning and forecasting concepts and explores the linkages between them. Empiric evidence is collected from Nokia Networks as a case study. Main lessons are primarily taken from integrated project management program that is to implement a truly customer-focused delivery process in the case company. Findings – Suppliers should pay more attention on effectively utilizing customer’s project plans for aligning their supply chain. Supply chain agility does not just happen but requires continuous planning. Practical implications – Common project planning is the most natural way for customers to share future demand information between the supply chain players. Instead separate and often laborious demand forecasting process, suppliers should utilize customer’s project plans in building agility in their supply chains. Originality/value – Focuses on the importance of the ability to adapt to rapid and unexpected changes and asserts that a continuous, customer driven planning process is a pre-requirement for being agile in supply chains.
New Jersey Coastal Plain Oligocene sequences

We evaluate Oligocene sequences recovered at three Leg 150X boreholes (Island Beach, Atlantic City, and Cape May, NJ) and their correlations to the δ 18 O proxy of glacioeustasy and the inferred eustatic record of Exxon. Sequence boundaries are identified by lithologic, gamma-ray log, and benthic foraminiferal changes and dated by integrated Sr-isotopic stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and magnetostratigraphy. Three lower (O1, 32.8-32.2 Ma; O2, 30.8-29.9 Ma; and O3, 29.0-28.3 Ma) and three upper Oligocene sequences (O4, 27.5-27.0 Ma; O5, 27.0-25.6 Ma; and O6, 25.1-24.2 Ma) are described. Hiatuses associated with six of seven Leg 150X Oligocene to earliest Miocene sequence boundaries correlate with major deep-sea δ 18 O increases: O1 with Oil (33.5 Ma) and Oila (32.8 Ma), O2 with Oilb (31.7 Ma), 03 approximately with Oi2 (30.0 Ma), O4 approximately with Oi2a (28.3 Ma), O5 with Oi2b (27.1 Ma), and Kw0 with Mil (23.7 Ma). The hiatus associated with the 06 sequence boundary may be correlated with a minor δ 18 O increase. The New Jersey Oligocene sequence boundaries also coincide with six Oligocene eustatic falls of Exxon. However, there are one (04) or two (the Mays Landing unit at ACGS#4 borehole) additional sequences in New Jersey that correlate with inferred glacioeustatic lowerings that are not shown in the Exxon synthesis. We conclude that the excellent correlation between inferred glacioeustatic lowerings (δ 15 O increases) and sequence boundaries implies a causal link. New Jersey Oligocene sequences are dominated by glauconite sands and silts. Transgressive Systems Tracts contain in situ glauconite, and Highstand Systems Tracts contain recycled glauconite. The sequence architecture in New Jersey is different between lower Oligocene (thin, Transgressive Systems Tract dominated, sediment starved) and upper Oligocene sequences (thick, Highstand Systems Tract dominated, Mastic rich). This is may be due to higher amplitude early Oligocene sea-level changes or increased sediment supply in the late Oligocene. Depositional centers during the early Oligocene were located south of Cape May and near Island Beach. However, the midOligocene (∼27 to ∼25 Ma) sequences at Cape May and at Island Beach are either thin or absent, whereas the sequences are thick at Atlantic City. This indicates that the depositional center shifted from near Cape May during the early Oligocene to near Atlantic City during the mid- and late Oligocene. These changes are probably the result of local tectonics and changes in sediment supply.