Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical effects of clozapine in chronic schizophrenia: response to treatment and predictors of outcome.

OBJECTIVE This study addressed the unique clinical properties attributed to the atypical antipsychotic clozapine, including its efficacy in patients with treatment-refractory psychosis and against negative symptoms, its lack of acute extrapyramidal side effects, and the longer time course of its therapeutic effects. METHOD The clinical responses of 84 schizophrenic inpatients (66 with treatment-refractory illness and 18 who were intolerant of antipsychotic treatment) were examined. After all previous antipsychotic medications had been withdrawn, the patients were treated with clozapine according to a standardized titration and dosage schedule. Patients who tolerated and responded to treatment were discharged and maintained on a regimen of clozapine for up to 52 weeks. Patients were evaluated for behavioral response and side effects after weeks 3, 6, 12, 26, 39, and 52 of treatment. RESULTS Fifty percent of the patients with treatment-refractory illness and 76% of the treatment-intolerant patients responded to clozapine in up to 52 weeks. The optimal period for a trial of clozapine appeared to be 12-24 weeks. Clozapine exhibited therapeutic effects on negative symptoms, but these were not clearly independent of its effects on positive symptoms and extrapyramidal side effects. Several variables, including early age at onset of illness and female gender, were found to be predictors of poor response to treatment. Predictors of good response included the presence of extrapyramidal side effects during previous treatment with classic neuroleptics and a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS These findings have important implications for the use of clozapine and our understanding of the pathophysiology of treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
Apolipoprotein E (epsilon) genotype has a greater impact on apoB‐48 than apoB‐100 responses to dietary fat manipulation—insights from the SATgen&egr; study

SCOPE To determine the contribution of intestinally and liver-derived lipoproteins to the postprandial plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) response in APOE3/E3 and E3/E4 individuals following chronic dietary fat manipulation. METHODS AND RESULTS In sequential order, participants (n = 12 E3/E3, n = 11 E3/E4) followed low fat; high-fat, high-saturated fat (HSF); and HSF with 3.45 g/day docosahexaenoic acid (HSF-DHA) diets, each for 8 weeks. After each dietary period, an acute test meal with a macronutrient profile representative of the dietary intervention was consumed. Apolipoprotein (apo)B isoforms were determined in isolated TAG-rich lipoprotein fractions (Svedberg flotation rate (Sf ) > 400, Sf 60-400, and Sf 20-60) by specific ELISA. A genotype × meal/diet interaction for the Sf > 400 fraction apoB-48 response (p < 0.05) was observed, with higher concentrations reached after the low fat than HSF-DHA meal in E4 carriers. This finding was associated with a lower TAG content of the Sf > 400 particles. Fasting Sf 60-400 and 20-60 apoB-48 concentrations were also significantly higher in E4 carriers. No impact of genotype on the apoB-100 responses was evident. CONCLUSION Our study revealed marked effects of dietary fat composition on the Sf > 400 apoB-48 response and particle TAG content in E4 carriers relative to the "wild-type" E3/E3 genotype, which suggest APOE genotype is a potential modulator of chylomicron particle synthesis.
Mitigation of capacitor banks switching transients considering injected harmonics

Installing capacitor banks in electric power systems provide well known benefits, including reactive power compensation, voltage support and power factor correction. However, the capacitor banks modify the harmonic voltages and currents in the network and give rise to current and voltage transients. These transients, reach in harmonics, may be harmful for the capacitor and become an increasing concern for both electric utilities and customers since its switching usually occurs quite frequently. In this paper, firstly, transients caused by capacitor bank switching for a specific part of Uraemia (IRAN) Power Network which has recently been installed in 132kV level, especially from the view point of harmonic spectrum and THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) are analyzed and contemplated. After that, the role and effect of some common methods in harmonic spectrum and THD mitigation are contemplated and compared.
Kennis, kennisdefinities en kennismanagement

Kennis is een van de centrale thema's in de hedendaagse organisatiekunde. Er bestaat echter geen consensus over een definitie van kennis. Dat betekent dat daar in de literatuur veel aandacht aan wordt besteed. In dit hoofdstuk wordt de vraag gesteld of dit zoeken naar een definitie voor kennis voor organisatiekundigen al dan niet een triviale of irrelevante bezigheid is. Daartoe wordt in de eerste plaats een uitgebreid overzicht geboden van perspectieven op kennis van auteurs uit verschillende wetenschapsgebieden. In het tweede deel van dit hoofdstuk wordt ingegaan op implicaties van mogelijke keuzen voor de invulling van kennismanagement. Die implicaties rnaken duidelijk dat het voor organisatiekundigen inderdaad van belang is om te reflecteren op het concept kennis. Dit hoofdstuk hoopt daarbij behulpzaam tezijn.
Decrease in cellular replicative potential in “giant” mice transfected with the bovine growth hormone gene correlates to shortened life span

Adult mice, (C57BL/6 × Sjl)F1 hybrids, transfected with the bovine growth hormone gene (bGH) grow to twice normal size, but have a mean life span less than 50% that of control siblings without the transgene. The replicative potentials of cells from six different tissue sites (tail skin and ear skin dermal fibroblasts, tail subdermal connective tissue fibroblasts, kidney medulla epithelial cells, bone marrow myofibroblasts, and spleen myofibroblasts) were assayed in vitro using clone size distribution analysis. Cells from all of the above bGH+ tissues produced a smaller fraction of large clones, relative to age‐matched controls, in all of these cell types. The loss of replicative potential did not appear to be the result of negative conditioning of the cloning media by the bGH+ cells, and was tightly correlated to the period of accelerated growth in these animals (3–12 weeks), a time when additional GH receptors are expressed. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Advances and pitfalls in the diagnosis of Lyme disease.

Lyme disease is one of the major emerging infections of the past decade. This global vector-transmitted disorder is due to a tick-borne spirochete named Borrelia burgdorferi , after its discoverer [1]. Lyme disease is geographically restricted to regions inhabited by the critical tick vector. Organisms are transmitted through the bite of infected Ixodid (hard body) ticks, particularly those belonging to the Ixodes persulcatus complex. They include I. scapularis in the northeast and midwest United States, I. pacificus in the western United States, I. ricinus in central and western Europe, and I. persulcatus in Asia. B. burgdorferi belongs to the genospecies complex B. burgdorferi sensu lato. This complex is genetically divided into multiple genospecies, including B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. garinii, B. afzelii, B. japonica, B. andersoni , and others [2]. Considerable genetic diversity exists among B. burgdorferi in both Europe and the United States, and different genospecies may predominate within different geographic areas. There are preliminary associations between specific strains and clinical disease patterns. A single tick may be infected with several different B. burgdorferi strains. It is likely that spirochete strain heterogeneity, as well as host immune and genetic factors, play a role in the development of Lyme disease. Although Lyme disease is a systemic infection, it has specific target organs (skin, nervous system, joint, heart, eye). Characteristic clinical syndromes are associated with early stage local infection, early stage disseminated infection, and late stage disseminated infection (Table 1). Cutaneous disease, followed by neurologic disease, is the most common feature [3]. View this table: Table 1 Clinical syndromes associated with Lyme disease At the current time, the diagnosis of Lyme disease is made on clinical and epidemiologic grounds. It is based on endemic area exposure, tick exposure, presence of abnormal symptoms and signs consistent with B. burgdorferi infection, failure to establish an …
An early PEEP/FIO2 trial identifies different degrees of lung injury in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

RATIONALE Current American-European Consensus Conference definitions for acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are inadequate for inclusion into clinical trials due to the lack of standardization for measuring the oxygenation defect. OBJECTIVES We questioned whether an early assessment of oxygenation on specific ventilator settings would identify patients with established ARDS (persisting over 24 h). METHODS At the time of meeting ARDS criteria (Day 0) and 24 hours later (Day 1), arterial blood gases were obtained on standard ventilator settings, Vt 7 ml/kg predicted body weight plus the following positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and Fi(O(2)) settings in sequence: (1) PEEP >or= 5 cm H(2)O and Fi(O(2)) >or= 0.5, (2) PEEP >or= 5 cm H(2)O and Fi(O(2)) 1.0, (3) PEEP >or= 10 cm H(2)O and Fi(O(2))>or=0.5, and (4) PEEP >or= 10 cm H(2)O and Fi(O(2)) 1.0. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS One hundred seventy patients meeting ARDS criteria (Pa(O(2))/Fi(O(2)) 128 +/- 33 mm Hg) were enrolled. Overall hospital mortality was 34.1%. The standard ventilator settings that best identified patients with established ARDS and predicted differences in intensive care unit (ICU) mortality were PEEP >or= 10 cm H(2)O and Fi(O(2)) >or= 0.5 at Day 1 (P = 0.0001). Only 99 (58.2%) patients continued to meet ARDS criteria (Pa(O(2))/Fi(O(2)), 155.8 +/- 29.8 mm Hg; ICU mortality, 45.5%), whereas 55 patients were reclassified as having ALI (Pa(O(2))/Fi(O(2)), 246.5 +/- 25.6 mm Hg; ICU mortality, 20%) and 16 patients as having acute respiratory failure (Pa(O(2))/Fi(O(2)), 370 +/- 54 mm Hg; ICU mortality, 6.3%) (P = 0.0001) on these settings. CONCLUSIONS Patients meeting current American-European Consensus Conference ARDS criteria may have highly variable levels of lung injury and outcomes. A systematic method of assessing severity of lung injury is required for enrollment of patients with ARDS into randomized controlled trials. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials. gov (NCT 00435110).
Fusion of Facial Expressions and EEG for Multimodal Emotion Recognition

This paper proposes two multimodal fusion methods between brain and peripheral signals for emotion recognition. The input signals are electroencephalogram and facial expression. The stimuli are based on a subset of movie clips that correspond to four specific areas of valance-arousal emotional space (happiness, neutral, sadness, and fear). For facial expression detection, four basic emotion states (happiness, neutral, sadness, and fear) are detected by a neural network classifier. For EEG detection, four basic emotion states and three emotion intensity levels (strong, ordinary, and weak) are detected by two support vector machines (SVM) classifiers, respectively. Emotion recognition is based on two decision-level fusion methods of both EEG and facial expression detections by using a sum rule or a production rule. Twenty healthy subjects attended two experiments. The results show that the accuracies of two multimodal fusion detections are 81.25% and 82.75%, respectively, which are both higher than that of facial expression (74.38%) or EEG detection (66.88%). The combination of facial expressions and EEG information for emotion recognition compensates for their defects as single information sources.
The Relationship between Depressive Symptoms and Erythropoietin Resistance in Stable Hemodialysis Patients with Adequate Iron Stores

Introduction Resistance to erythropoietin (EPO) treatment has been associated with inflammation and malnutrition in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Depression has also been associated with both inflammation and malnutrition; however, the specific relationship between depressive symptoms and EPO resistance is not known. In the current study, the relationship between depressive symptoms and EPO resistance as evaluated by erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) hyporesponsiveness index (EHRI) was analyzed. Methods Study participants had their medical history taken and underwent physical examination; dialysis adequacy calculation, biochemical analysis and evaluation of depressive symptoms by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were performed. EHRI was calculated as the weekly dose of EPO divided by per kilogram of body weight divided by the hemoglobin level. Results The mean BDI score of the patients was 10.99 ± 3.94. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the logarithmically converted EHRI score was correlated with albumin (r = -0.270, p = 0.011), hs-CRP (r = 0.383, P<0.0001), hemoglobin (r = -0.617, p<0.0001), intact PTH (r = 0.215, p = 0.043) and logarithmically converted BDI (r = 0.299, p = 0.004). The stepwise linear regression analysis revealed that being female (p = 0.012), presence of diabetes mellitus (p = 0.119), hs-CRP (p = 0.009) and BDI score (p = 0.037) were independently related with logarithmically converted EHRI (as a dependent variable). Conclusion Depressive symptoms were independently related with EHRI in HD patients. Studies are needed to highlight underlying mechanisms between depression and EHRI.
p(n x 1) superstructures of Pb on Cu(110).

The structures of the {ital p}({ital n}{times}1) superstructures ({ital n}=4, 5, and 9) of Pb on Cu(110) in the coverage range between {ital FTHETA}=0.75 and 0.8 are revealed by atomically resolved scanning tunneling microscopy. All three superstructures are formed by substitution of every {ital n}th row of Cu atoms ({ital n}=4, 5, and 9) in the [001] direction by Pb atoms. The Pb atoms in between are lined up in the [{bar 1}10] direction. The {ital p}(4{times}1) structure appears in two different modifications: one with substitutional rows of Pb atoms and one with a simple overlayer structure without substituted rows of Cu atoms. Alternating succession of these two modifications results in {ital p}(12{times}1) domains. It is further shown that the {ital p}(9{times}1) structure is not a succession of {ital p}(4{times}1) and {ital p}(5{times}1) but a superstructure on its own. The {ital p}(5{times}1) structure proposed here agrees with previous x-ray-diffraction data at least as well as the quasihexagonal model proposed earlier. We have, in addition, identified the nature of the phase that has been described incommensurate obtained by desorption of Pb upon annealing above 600 K.
Ultrastructural Evidence for Protection of the Outer Hair Cells of the Inner Ear during Intense Noise Exposure by Application of the Organic Calcium Channel Blocker Diltiazem

Outer hair cells could be protected during intense noise exposure by the application of the calcium channel blocker diltiazem given before and after noise treatment. After various experimental approaches, the ultrastructural morphology was analysed for the different animal populations in the basal part of the second turn of the cochlea, which was the most destroyed area after an acute noise trauma caused by a gun shot (sound pressure at the ear drum 156 dB, frequency maximum between 4 and 6 kHz). Compared to untreated control specimens (experimental animal group I), the outer hair cells in the basal part of the second turn of the cochlea were mostly destroyed without any diltiazem application but after intense noise exposure (group II) or when the calcium channel blocker was given only before (group III) or only after an intense noise exposure (group IV). Only cellular debris of these receptor cells could be identified within this region of the cochlea at the electron-microscopic level. After diltiazem application before and after the intensive noise exposure (group V), the general morphology of the tissue was much better conserved and almost no destroyed outer hair cells were found. But nevertheless, the electron-microscopic analysis revealed that the cellular fine structure was altered. Compared to untreated control specimens, small invaginations were sometimes seen in the basolateral membranes of outer hair cells, and also the cuticular structures of the Deiters cells forming the lamina reticularis bulged into the outer hair cells. To get more information about possible physiological alterations, the amounts of precipitable calcium within the outer hair cells were determined by an image-processing system for the five different populations (groups I–V). The values obtained were compared to the calcium content in specimens which had received diltiazem without any additional noise exposure (group VI) and with an animal population which was exposed to a pure tone for 5 min at 90 dB (group VII). The results are discussed in respect of outer hair cell protection preventing morphological damage and/or physiological alterations.
Cyclooxygenase inhibitors: any reservations?

The discovery of two cyclooxygenase isozymes, constitutive COX‐1 and inducible COX‐2, has resulted in the rapid development of selective inhibitors of COX‐2, such as celecoxib and rofecoxib. Compared with traditional non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug agents, use of COX‐2 selective inhibitors is associated with decreased incidence of adverse gastric events as a result of minimal inhibition of gastroprotective COX‐1, but with equivalent anti‐inflammatory benefit through inhibition of COX‐2. However, there is evidence to suggest that the ‘COX‐1 = constitutive, COX‐2 = inflammatory’ paradigm is less distinct than originally proposed. Futhermore, selective COX‐2 inhibitors may have other consequences as a result of the change in the eicosanoid profile. Thus, despite the relatively safe gastrointestinal profile, vigilant post‐marketing surveillance for other adverse effects is required. (Intern Med J 2001; 31: 37–41.
Pesticides and Heavy Metals Determination in Marine Organisms from Black Sea

This work presents aspects regarding the pollution with pesticides and heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn) from mussels tissue (Mytilus galloprovincialis) collected from different zones of the Romanian Black Sea Coast: Mamaia, Tomis Harbour and Agigea. The heavy metals were analysed using atomic absorption spectrometry. For the pesticides analysis a FISONS gas cromatograph was used equipped with an electron capture detector and a capillary cromatograph column filled with mixture of silicone oils on chromosorb WHP.
Modulation of α5 subunit-containing GABAA receptors alters alcohol drinking by rhesus monkeys.

BACKGROUND Alcohol's ability to potentiate the activity of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at GABAA receptors has been implicated as a key mechanism underlying the behavioral effects of alcohol. The complex molecular biology of these receptors raises the possibility that particular receptor subtypes may play unique roles in alcohol's abuse-related effects and that subtype-selective ligands with therapeutic specificity against alcohol might be developed. This study evaluated the capacity of α5GABAA receptor ligands to alter selectively the reinforcing effects of alcohol. METHODS Two groups of rhesus monkeys were trained to orally self-administer alcohol or sucrose under fixed-ratio schedules and limited daily access conditions. In addition, following daily self-administration sessions, the behavior of each monkey was scored for both species-typical and drug-induced behaviors. RESULTS Concentrations of 1 to 6% alcohol maintained self-administration above water levels, engendered pharmacologically relevant blood alcohol levels ranging from 90 to 160 mg/dl, and produced changes in behavior typical of alcohol intoxication. Concentrations of 0.3 to 3% sucrose also reliably maintained self-administration. The α5GABAA receptor agonist QH-ii-066 enhanced and the α5GABAA receptor inverse agonist L-655,708 inhibited alcohol, but not sucrose drinking. The changes in alcohol drinking could be reversed with the α5GABAA receptor antagonist XLi-093. However, L-655,708 increased yawning in both alcohol and sucrose drinkers, possibly indicative of an anxiogenic effect. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a prominent and specific role for α5GABAA receptor mechanisms in the reinforcing effects of alcohol. Moreover, these results suggest that α5GABAA receptors may represent a novel pharmacological target for the development of medications to reduce drinking. Of ligands modulating this receptor, α5GABAA receptor inverse agonists may hold the most promise as alcohol pharmacotherapies.
Comprendre le chassage à l'échelle horlogère

Le chassage est une operation qui semble simple et maitrisee de longue date dans tous les ateliers de production. A y regarder de plus pres, il s'avere que cette operation n’est pas si aisee lorsqu’on la realise a l’echelle horlogere (≤ 1mm). De nombreux chassages, pourtant realises en respectant les normes etablies, s'averent ne pas tenir les forces de dechassage souhaitees. Nos analyses experimentales sur des chassages traversants mettent en evidence des particularites propres aux petites dimensions, notamment le fait que la force maximale atteinte pendant le chassage n'est pas representative de la force de tenue de l'assemblage.
18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography is more sensitive than computed tomography in initial staging of patients with an anaplastic T-cell lymphoma first presenting in the skin

BackgroundThe role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in the evaluation of anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) first presenting in the skin is not well established, while computed tomography (CT) is used as a standard procedure.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the use of FDG-PET versus CT at initial staging of ALCL first presenting in the skin.Materials & methodsEleven cases of ALCL first presenting in the skin who underwent both FDG-PET and CT were retrospectively analysed. There were six males and five females, with a mean age of 59.7 years. Results of FDG-PET were compared with those of CT. Biopsy results of lesions served as a reference for the accuracy of PET and CT in the evaluation of local and metastatic lesions.ResultsIn seven cases (64%), imaging revealed extracutaneous ALCL. FDG-PET results were concordant with CT results in five cases (45%); in four of these cases, FDG-PET was negative, consistent with CT, and one case had cutaneous and extracutaneous lesions detectable on both CT and FDG-PET. FDG-PET and CT were discordant in six cases (55%). Among these six cases, FDG-PET revealed extracutaneous lesions undetected on CT which consequently influenced the therapeutic decision in five cases (45%). ConclusionThe sensitivity of CT and FDG-PET was 18% and 64%, respectively.
A wideband downconverter and analog baseband for radio astronomy applications

A wideband downconverter and analog baseband that has been fabricated using a 0. 25µm Silicon-On-Sapphire (SOS) CMOS process is reported. The signal path includes a wideband input amplifier, I/Q mixers, baseband anti-aliasing filters and differential ADC drivers. The LO input is divided by two on chip to generate quadrature phases. The LO buffers include a digitally tunable load in order to optimize the down conversion performance. The baseband gain is digitally controllable over a range of 13.6 dB, and the typical passband conversion gain is 26 dB. The downconverter works with RF inputs from below 500 MHz to above 1.8 GHz, and the baseband 3dB bandwidth is greater than 120 MHz. Baseband filtering ensures 40 dB SNR for an ADC with sample rates as low as 550 MS/s.