Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Infections in skin cancer

The increasing prevalence of skin cancer results in that it will soon equal that of all other cancers combined. Sun exposure is a well-known risk factor for its development, but despite the growing public awareness of the harmful consequences of ultraviolet radiation, the cancer incidence continues to increase, implying that other factors might also have a role in promoting this disease. Data from immunosuppressed patients reveals a 100-fold increased incidence of nonmelanoma skin carcinoma (NMSC), but an infectious etiology has not been established. However, certain human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have previously been detected in this type of cancer. We applied high throughput sequencing to different skin lesions in order to assess which organisms were present. Most viral reads (>95%) belonged to human papillomavirus. Traditionally, viral detection was performed using PCR methods. We used degenerate “general” HPV primers and multiplexed novel “specific” HPV primers in order to amplify a broad number of HPVs by PCR. This method showed a very high sensitivity, but the HPV types with low similarity to the primer sequences might have escaped amplification. Therefore, we performed an unbiased approach based on non-PCR whole genome amplification, independent of sequence information, in order to detect those “escaping” HPV types, as well as to determine if other viruses were present in the samples. Overall, we identified almost 100 putative novel HPV types in total, and characterized 4 novel HPV types (HPV 197, 200, 201 and 202). Most of the HPV types were detected in very few patients each, and at a very low viral load (below 0.5 copies/cell), except for HPV 197, which was the most commonly found virus in skin tumors (37.4% of skin lesions). Despite the higher sensitivity of PCR methods, the unbiased approach detected HPV in 37/40 condyloma acuminata that had been reported as “HPV-negative” with specific PCR techniques. Certain HPV types, including HPV 197, were not detected by PCR and only by non-PCR based methods. Therefore, more unbiased PCR-independent methods are needed to describe which organisms are most commonly present in skin lesions. The work in this thesis has expanded our knowledge of the wide genomic diversity of HPV on the skin, and finds that PCR-independent methods are needed to describe which organisms are most commonly present in skin lesions. Further studies are needed to assess any possible role of viral infections in skin cancer, elucidation of mechanistic effects and determine the direction of causality of any associations.
Effect of Zingiber officinal (ginger) on parasitological and biochemical parameters of mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni cercariae

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antischistosomal properties of ginger (Zingiber officinal) against Schistosoma mansoni in infected mice, including determination of total protein , albumin levels, the activities of ALT, AST, ACP and AKP enzymes and the electrophoretic pattern of total protein in the serum of infected treated mice. The present results showed that treatment of infected mice with sublethal doses of ginger' extract significantly reduced the number of S. mansoni worms recovered from infected mice. Also, the data presented showed that mice treatment with this ginger 'extract reduced the number of ova/g tissue in each of intestine of infected mice in comparison with that of infected untreated group. Moreover, serum total protein and albumin levels and activities of ALT, AST, ACP and AKP enzymes of infected treated mice were improved in comparison with those of infected untreated ones. It is concluded that administration of ginger'extract extract could be valuable as antischistosomal agent. Electrophoretic analysis serum's total protein showed there was a remarkable deviation in the serum homogenate of mice infected with S. mansoni and treated with ginger'extract in comparison with control non infected group.
Improvement in Adherence to Ethiopian Hospitals Reform Implementation Guideline nursing standards in Asella Referral Teaching Hospital: A Pre-post Study

Background: Nursing standards help to ensure that patients are receiving high quality care. The standards support implementation of the basics of nurses’ profession. Despite the importance of nursing care standards, implementation of the standards is lacking in most of the developing countries, including Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to see Improvement in Adherence to Ethiopian Hospitals Reform Implementation Guideline nursing standards in Asella Referral Teaching Hospital. Methods: A pre-post intervention measure of nursing care was conducted from January to August, 2013. A nationally tested and accepted instrument, the Ethiopian Hospitals Reform Implementation Guideline tool, was used to measure the performance on nursing standards and patient satisfaction towards care provided by nurses. The sampled patients were allocated proportionally for all wards in the hospital. Data related to patient satisfaction was collected consecutively through exit interview and nursing standards through observational methods. Data quality was controlled through supervision, translation, and training of data collectors. Completed data were coded and entered in to Epi-Data and exported to SPSS version 16. Odds Ratio with 95% CI and multiple logistic regression model were used and p? values with <0.05 were declared significant. Results: A total of 768 adult patients and five head nurses were participated. The overall patient satisfaction score (pooled estimate) improved significantly from 0.147 to 0.615 pre and post intervention respectively. There was a statistically significant association between overall patient satisfaction level and improved adherence to nursing standards. Education and sex are important predictors of patient satisfaction. Conclusion and Recommendation: Nursing service without Ethiopian Hospitals Reform Implementation Guideline nursing standards was low in Asella referral hospital. Applying problem solving and quality improvement techniques in nursing can be effective in enhancing patient satisfaction. Longer follow? up is required to assess the sustainability of the improvements accomplished.
ARABIC AMED E TITY RECOG ITIO : A SVM-BASED APPROACH

The amed Entity Recognition ( ER) task has been garnering significant attention as it has been shown to help improve the performance of many atural Language Processing ( LP) applications. More recently, we are starting to see a surge in developing ER systems for languages other than English. With the relative abundance of resources for the Arabic language and a certain degree of maturation in the state of the art for processing Arabic, it is natural to see interest in developing ER systems for the language. In this paper, we investigate the impact of using different sets of features that are both language independent and language specific in a discriminative machine learning framework, namely, Support Vector Machines. We explore lexical, contextual and morphological features and nine data-sets of different genres and annotations. We systematically measure the impact of the different features in isolation and combined. We achieve the highest performance using a combination of all features. Combining all the features, our system yields an F1=82.71. Essentially combining language independent features with language specific ones yields the best performance on all the genres of text we
Tsunami Hazard Evaluation of the Eastern Mediterranean: Historical Analysis and Selected Modeling

Seismic sea waves in the eastern Mediterranean have been reported since written history first emerged several thousand years ago. We collected and investigated these ancient and modern reports to understand and model the typical tsunamigenic sources, with the ultimate purpose of characterizing tsunami hazard along the Levant coasts. Surprisingly, only 35% of the tsunami reports could be traced back to primary sources, with the balance remaining questionable. The tsunamis varied in size, from barely noticeable to greatly damaging, and their effects ranged from local to regional. Overall, we list 21 reliably reported tsunamis that occurred since the mid second century b.c. along the Levant coast, along with 57 significant historical earthquakes that originated from the “local” continental Dead Sea Transform (dst) system. An in-depth evaluation shows that 10 tsunamis are clearly associated with on-land dst earthquakes, and therefore, as formerly suggested, they probably originated from offshore, seismogenically induced slumps. Eight tsunamis arrived from the “remote” Hellenic and Cypriot Arcs, one from Italy, and two are left with as yet unrecognized sources. A major conclusion from this work is that onshore earthquakes commonly produce tsunamis along the Levant coastline, and that analogous situations are present elsewhere in the Mediterranean, as well as along the California coast and in another regions with active faults near the coast. We modeled three typical scenarios, and in light of the Sumatra experience, we examined the more likely severe magnitudes. This of course leads us toward the upper range of expected run-ups. The models show that sooner than five minutes after a strong earthquake produces an offshore slump, which occurs after close to a third of the large dst earthquakes, a 4- to 6-m run-up may flood part of the Syrian, Lebanese, and Israeli coasts. Tsunamis from remote earthquakes, however, arrive later and produce only 1- to 3-m run-ups, but are more regional in extent. Online material: Tsunami modeling and reports.
Iteration complexity on the generalized Peaceman–Rachford splitting method for separable convex programming

ABSTRACT Recently, a generalized version of Peaceman–Rachford splitting method (GPRSM) for solving a convex minimization model with a general separable structure has been proposed and its global convergence has been proved by Sun and Liu. In this paper, we establish the worst-case convergence rate for the GPRSM in both the ergodic and a nonergodic senses, then we give some numerical results to demonstrate the convergence rate of the GPRSM.
Streamer discharges in liquids and their applications

Industrial applications using pulsed power technologies have been developed in many fields. One of them is the treatment of exhaust gas by using uniformly produced streamer discharges. Streamer discharges in liquid also generate extremely high electric fields at the tip of streamers, as well as high energy electrons, ozone, other chemically active species, ultraviolet rays and shock waves. All of these may be utilized to sterilize microorganisms and to decompose molecules and materials. Large-volume streamer discharges in water have been produced in order to realize industrial applications. A wire to plane electrode configuration has been used. The discharge in water shows similar optical radiation to that in an atmospheric gas as provided by evidence from still photographs. The influence of polarity, conductivity, electrode geometry and hydrostatic pressure on the streamers in liquid, the mechanism of streamer discharges and possible industrial applications of streamers in liquids, are discussed in the present work.
Survey of Common Design Approaches in AML Software Development

In the recent years, money laundering activity has become more and more ubiquitious all over the world. In the paper we survey the technical aspects of anti-money laundering systems (AML). We briefly present the principles of money laundering process and features of the illegal activity that can arise in the graph of money transactions, company or user profiles. Then we present a detailed analysis of anomaly detection, machine learning and neural networks techniques in the context of AML systems.
Stop Band Continuous Profile Filter in Empty Substrate Integrated Coaxial Line

Substrate integrated waveguides reduce the losses and increase the quality factor of resonators in communication filters when compared with traditional planar technologies, while maintaining their low-cost and low-profile characteristics. Empty substrate integrated waveguides go one step further, removing the dielectric of the substrate. One of these transmission lines is the empty substrate integrated coaxial line (ESICL), which has the advantage of being a two-conductor structure. Thus, it propagates a transversal electric and magnetic (TEM) mode, which reduces the dispersion and the bandwidth limitation of other one conductor empty substrate integrated waveguides. Continuous profile filters, at the cost of being long structures, are very easy to manufacture and design (usually no optimization is needed), and they are highly insensitive to manufacturing tolerances. In this work, a simple continuous profile filter, with a stop band response, is designed for the first time using novel ESICL technology. The influence of the design parameters on the insertion losses and fractional bandwidth is discussed. A prototype has been successfully manufactured and measured. A sensitivity analysis shows the high tolerance of the proposed stop band filter to manufacturing errors.
USO DO APRENDIZADO DE MÁQUINA NO DIAGNÓSTICO MÉDICO DE PATOLOGIAS

A tecnologia se desenvolve rapidamente em diferentes areas do conhecimento, uma destas areas e a medicina. Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de automatizacao de diagnostico de patologias utilizando tecnicas e metodos classificadores de Aprendizagem de Maquina (AM). Atraves dos metodos que serao explanados e implementados, as informacoes contidas nas bases de dados serao analisadas e classificadas, gerando resultados. Com a utilizacao dessas tecnicas, atraves de maquinas para o diagnostico medico, patologias poderao ser detectadas num estagio menos avancado da doenca e com maior precisao, quando comparado a diagnostico inteiramente humano sofre influencias de fatores externos, o que pode afetar no diagnostico do paciente. Neste trabalho busca-se analisar dados e classifica-los de acordo com os metodos a serem citados, e por fim pode ser definido o metodo aplicado mais viavel e eficaz.
The Non�?Equivalence of Labour Market Taxes: A Real�?Effort Experiment

In a competitive market with taxed transactions, it does not matter under full rationality which side of the market legally transfers the taxes. In the labor market, a tax levied on employers and a corresponding income tax levied on employees are equivalent. With boundedly rational agents, this equivalence is no longer obvious. If people react differently to the two taxes this has direct impact on policy making, political economics, and optimal taxation theory. This paper examines how people react to these duties in a real effort laboratory experiment. We study the differential effects of the two types of taxes on preferences concerning the size of the public sector, subjective well-being, labor supply, and on-the-job performance. To elicit public-sector-size preferences in the laboratory we introduce a novel, incentive compatible approach. Our findings suggest that employer-side taxes induce preferences for a larger public sector. Our findings also sugges t that subjective well-being is higher while both labor supply and on-the-job performance are lower when the taxes are levied on employers. Furthermore, there are gender effects, e.g., women's subjective well-being appears to be more sensitive to framing than men's, while men's labor supply is more sensitive to framing than women's.
Nutritional and anti-nutrient composition of Karaya gum tree (Sterculia setigera) seed: a potential fish feed ingredient

The nutritional and anti-nutritive composition of Karaya gum tree (Sterculia setigera) seed collected from Federal College of Wildlife Management estate, New Bussa, Nigeria was evaluated from October to December, 2013 with the aim of providing data that will guide the effective utilization and inclusion of this under exploited tropical plant seed in fish feed formulation. The seeds were washed, dried, grounded and analyzed for the proximate composition, vitamin and mineral contents as well as the anti-nutritive factors using standard procedures. The result showed that the mean values for the proximate composition were: moisture 5.20%, ash 3.95%, fat 26.03%, fiber 6.15%, protein 13.39% and carbohydrate 45.27%. The plant also contained vitamins and relatively adequate essential mineral elements of nutritional importance of macro elements such as calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium and micro elements of iron, manganese, zinc and copper. Some anti-nutritional factor such as; alkaloids, phytate, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, steroids and trace of oxalate were also found in the plant, but their composition will pose no serious nutritional problem if well processed before its inclusion in fish diet and could therefore be a cheap source of raw materials for the fortification applications in various fish feed formulations.
Macrophytes as habitat for fauna

Macrophyte systems, including kelp, seaweed and seagrasses, have revealed high diversity and abundance of associated fauna along the Norwegian coast. In the present study, data from a number of recent studies were assembled and supplemented with new data to elucidate the organisation of macrofaunal diversity on macrophytes. The aim was to compare faunal composition on macrophytes of different size, shape, longevity and function. Macrofaunal densities frequently exceed 100 000 individuals m -2 in macrophyte beds. Commonly, high densities of amphipods and gastropods are found. The faunal composition depends mainly on habitat architecture at a spatial micro-scale, while faunal abundances depend on habitat size. These 2 patterns are consistent over larger spatial scales. Most faunal species show high mobility and dispersal rates, and they colonize available habitats rapidly. Macrophyte longevity may, in some cases, influence faunal composition. The macrophytes function both as a habitat and as a food source, but the feeding behaviour of the majority of the faunal components prevents the fauna from overgrazing their habitat and thus destroying the primary producer and foundation species of the community. The perennial macro- phytes are mainly consumed as particulate organic matter. A high functional redundancy in both plants and animals is most likely important for the stability of the macrophyte system. The stability and diversity of macrophyte systems are found to be threatened in various ways by overgrazing, removal by storms and commercial harvesting, eutrophication and overfishing of top predators, with concurrent challenges for management.
Rapid Microbial Growth in Reusable Drinking Water Bottles

Bacteria has been known to grow in pipes of water distribution systems and bottled drinking water. Its growth in reusable drinking water bottles is not clear even though they have become more popular and used by children and adults daily everywhere. This study found that there is an extremely high level of bacteria content and a rapid microbial growth in reusable drinking water bottles. The bacteria content tested by heterotrophic plate count (HPC) is in a range of 0-2.4x105 CFU/mL with an average of about 34,000 bacteria counts/ml for bottles used by children and 75,000 bacteria counts/ml for bottles used by adults. Bacteria number can quickly increases to 1-2 million counts/ml in the bottles one day later. Considering the high level of HPC bacteria content in the reusable drinking water bottles, it may be necessary to have some control measures to reduce the bacteria level and to minimize the associated likely health risk of the disease spreading since many people use reusable water bottles every day. Research Article
Minnis, Helen and Reekie, Joanne and Young, David and O'Connor, Tom and Ronald, Angelica and Gray, Alison and Plomin, Robert (2007) Genetic, environmental and gender influences on attachment disorder

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Foliar chemistry and standing folivory of early and late-successional species in a Bornean rainforest

Background: Few studies have investigated the chemical, morphological and physiological foliar traits and the intensity of standing folivory in a representative set of species of tropical rainforests including species of different successional stages. Aims: (i) To quantify leaf elemental composition, leaf phenolics and tannin concentrations, physical leaf traits and the intensity of standing folivory in a representative set of species of different successional stages in a Bornean tropical rainforest, and (ii) to investigate the relationships among leaf traits and between leaf traits and accumulated standing folivory. Methods: Analyses of leaf elemental concentrations, phenolics (Ph) and tannin (Tan) concentrations, leaf mass area (LMA), C assimilation rate and accumulated standing folivory in 88 common rainforest species of Borneo. Results and Conclusions: Accumulated standing folivory was correlated with the scores of the first axis of the elemental concentrations principal component analysis (mainly loaded by K and C:K and N:K ratios) with lower accumulated standing folivory at high leaf K concentrations (R = –0.33, P = 0.0016). The results show that consistent with growth rate hypothesis, fast-growing pioneer species have lower leaf N:P ratios than late-successional species, that species with higher leaf N concentration have lower LMA according with the ‘leaf economics spectrum’ hypothesis, and that species with lower leaf nutrient concentration allocate more C to leaf phenolics. This study also shows that species with different ecological roles have different biogeochemical ‘niches’ assessed as foliar elemental composition.
Community Detection in Dynamic Social Networks: A Survey

Social network analysis has gained much attention these days. These networks can be represented as a graph. In this graph each individual is represented as a node and the relationship between them is represented as an edge. Community detection in social networks plays a vital role. A community in social networks indicates that nodes within the group are densely connected and the connections between groups are sparse. As the activities and interaction between the entities change over time, the speed with which the network is changing is phenomenal. Because of this frequent change it has become very important to detect the community in dynamic social networks. Many methods have been proposed for the community detection in dynamic social networks. The community detection in dynamic social networks helps to understand the network structure and analyze the network properties. In this paper, various community detection methods have been studied and a comparison between them is presented.