Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FOLLICULAR THYROID CARCINOMA - CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC FINDINGS IN A 20-YEAR FOLLOW UP STUDY.

Context Follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTC) represent 6-10 % of all thyroid carcinomas; the evolution of FTC is quite controversial, partly due to frequent changes of the histopathological definition (minimally invasive-MIFTC or widely invasive carcinoma-WIFTC) and treatment strategies adjustments. Objective This research aims to examine the diagnostic procedure, therapeutic attitude and survival rates of patients with FTC, over a period of 16 years in the same institution, with a follow-up of at least 4 years, by analyzing correlations between histology subtype, treatments and the rate of recurrent disease. Subjects and methods We have studied 5891 patients with thyroid carcinomas who have undergone surgical or oncological treatment within the institution, between 1st January 2000 - 31st December 2015; among them we found 133 patients (2.25%) with "pure" follicular thyroid carcinoma: 114 (86%) women and 19 (14%) men, with a female-male ratio of 6:1. The age of the patients ranged from 10 to 76 years, with an average of 47.8 years. Statistical analysis was done comparing differences among groups of MIFTC and WIFTC. Results There was an unexpected high percentage of WIFTC and also an increased number of biochemically persistent and/or recurrent disease in patients with MIFTC. A stronger correlation was observed with the tumour dimensions, rather than with the histopathological subtype. Conclusions This research observed that overall survival was associated with tumour size rather than histopathological subtype and there is an important need to perform further studies to assess the effectiveness of treatment strategies.
THE OPTIMAL METHOD FOR CLASSIFYING HIGH RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGES IN EGYPT ENVIRONMENT

The remote sensing society is currently offering a wide variety of digital images that cover most ofthe Earth’s surface. The up-to-date image data is a promising tool for producing accurate maps. Tomaximize the benefit of such data, automatic and efficient classification methods are investigated.For the past years, traditional pixel-based classification has been used. Currently, a recentclassification concept, object-based classification, has been prospected. The recent concept’s basicprinciple is to make use of important information (shape, texture and contextual information) whichis only in meaningful image objects and their mutual relationships. The main aim of the presentwork is to find the most suitable technique from the available ones for feature extraction whichcan be applied for Egyptian environment.For this study, high resolution satellite image from IKONOS satellite was used to carry out theimage classifications. The ground reference data were collected from field observations andpersonal knowledge. At the present work, the methodology focuses on comparing between twoclassifications techniques through application on four test areas with different specifications withrespect to its planning. The first technique is the traditional pixel-based image analysis and thesecond one is the object-oriented image analysis. Software ERDAS V.9. 2 was used for pixelbasedimage analysis and classification. The object-oriented image classification was performedthrough eCognition Developer software V.8. 0. Accuracy of each one of both techniques wasevaluated through overall accuracy and kappa coefficient from the error matrix and thencompared to each other. Results of this work showed that object-based image analysis has moreadvantages than the Pixel-based one. Also, it is found that as the more planned area as the higherresults accuracy.
The relationship between facility-based malaria test positivity rate and community-based parasite prevalence

Introduction Malaria surveillance is a key pillar in the control of malaria in Africa. The value of using routinely collected data from health facilities to define malaria risk at community levels remains poorly defined. Methods Four cross-sectional parasite prevalence surveys were undertaken among residents at 36 enumeration zones in Kilifi county on the Kenyan coast and temporally and spatially matched to fever surveillance at 6 health facilities serving the same communities over 12 months. The age-structured functional form of the relationship between test positivity rate (TPR) and community-based parasite prevalence (PR) was explored through the development of regression models fitted by alternating the linear, exponential and polynomial terms for PR. The predictive ranges of TPR were explored for PR endemicity risk groups of control programmatic value using cut-offs of low (PR <5%) and high (PR ≥ 30%) transmission intensity. Results Among 28,134 febrile patients encountered for malaria diagnostic testing in the health facilities, 12,143 (43.2%: 95% CI: 42.6%, 43.7%) were positive. The overall community PR was 9.9% (95% CI: 9.2%, 10.7%) among 6,479 participants tested for malaria. The polynomial model was the best fitting model for the data that described the algebraic relationship between TPR and PR. In this setting, a TPR of ≥ 49% in all age groups corresponded to an age-standardized PR of ≥ 30%, while a TPR of < 40% corresponded to an age-standardized PR of < 5%. Conclusion A non-linear relationship was observed between the relative change in TPR and changes in the PR, which is likely to have important implications for malaria surveillance programs, especially at the extremes of transmission. However, larger, more spatially diverse data series using routinely collected TPR data matched to community-based infection prevalence data are required to explore the more practical implications of using TPR as a replacement for community PR.
Breast Cancer Cells in Microgravity: New Aspects for Cancer Research

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in females. The incidence has risen dramatically during recent decades. Dismissed as an “unsolved problem of the last century”, breast cancer still represents a health burden with no effective solution identified so far. Microgravity (µg) research might be an unusual method to combat the disease, but cancer biologists decided to harness the power of µg as an exceptional method to increase efficacy and precision of future breast cancer therapies. Numerous studies have indicated that µg has a great impact on cancer cells; by influencing proliferation, survival, and migration, it shifts breast cancer cells toward a less aggressive phenotype. In addition, through the de novo generation of tumor spheroids, µg research provides a reliable in vitro 3D tumor model for preclinical cancer drug development and to study various processes of cancer progression. In summary, µg has become an important tool in understanding and influencing breast cancer biology.
Cryoballoon ablation for extrapulmonary vein targets

Purpose of review Cryoballoon catheter can create large and contiguous lesions with stable contact during ablation. It has proven to be well tolerated and effective in pulmonary vein isolation. But atrial arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation, atrial tachycardia, and atrial flutter (AFL), also relate to many extrapulmonary vein targets. It is necessary to understand the current evidence for the use of cryoballoon ablation for targets outside of pulmonary veins. Recent findings Studies have shown that the cryoballoon ablation can be used in extrapulmonary vein area, including left atrium roof, left atrial appendages, posterior left atrial wall, mitral isthmus, and right atrial appendage. The results indicate cryoballoon ablation is an effective and well-tolerated treatment option for the atrial arrhythmias in these locations outside of pulmonary vein when clinical necessary. Summary The cryoballoon ablation can safely and effectively perform contiguous linear lesions, structure isolations, and local ablation for targets outside of the pulmonary veins.
Kctd15 regulates nephron segment development by repressing Tfap2a activity

ABSTRACT A functional vertebrate kidney relies on structural units called nephrons, which are epithelial tubules with a sequence of segments each expressing a distinct repertoire of solute transporters. The transcriptiona`l codes driving regional specification, solute transporter program activation and terminal differentiation of segment populations remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the KCTD15 paralogs kctd15a and kctd15b function in concert to restrict distal early (DE)/thick ascending limb (TAL) segment lineage assignment in the developing zebrafish pronephros by repressing Tfap2a activity. During renal ontogeny, expression of these factors colocalized with tfap2a in distal tubule precursors. kctd15a/b loss primed nephron cells to adopt distal fates by driving slc12a1, kcnj1a.1 and stc1 expression. These phenotypes were the result of Tfap2a hyperactivity, where kctd15a/b-deficient embryos exhibited increased abundance of this transcription factor. Interestingly, tfap2a reciprocally promoted kctd15a and kctd15b transcription, unveiling a circuit of autoregulation operating in nephron progenitors. Concomitant kctd15b knockdown with tfap2a overexpression further expanded the DE population. Our study reveals that a transcription factor-repressor feedback module employs tight regulation of Tfap2a and Kctd15 kinetics to control nephron segment fate choice and differentiation during kidney development. Summary: kctd15 paralogs regulate nephron segment commitment and differentiation through repressor-mediated genetic feedback with tfap2a. This fundamentally deepens our knowledge about the genetic control of kidney development.
TRIIODOTHYRONINE ACTIVATES GLYCEROL-3-PHOSPHATE ACYLTRANSFERASE 3 VIA AGGTCA-LIKE-DIRECT-REPEAT-4 TYPE THYROID HORMONE RESPONSE ELEMENT.

Background Thyroid hormone participates in lipid metabolism regulation. However, the effects on triacyleride or triacylglycerol metabolism are complex and not fully clarified yet. In this study, we try to identify novel thyroid hormone-targeting lipogenic metabolic genes and analyze their molecular regulative mechanism. Method Thirty-five promoters of twenty-nine human lipogenic regulative enzyme genes were constructed into pXP1 luciferase reporter plasmid (PFK2/FBP2-luc) and transfected into HeGP2 cells, respectively. Gene expression induced by triiodothyronine (T3) was detected by luciferase assay. The T3-activated gene promoter was then analyzed by sequence analysis, deletion and mutation, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Results After 10 nM T3 stimulation for 36 h, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) 3, and 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase (AGPAT) 2 were significantly activated, respectively. A AGGTCA-like-direct-repeat-4 consensus thyroid hormone response element (DR4-TRE)-like sequence was found in the GPAT3 promoter, which was then verified to be necessary for T3-induced GPAT3 activation by gene deletion and mutation analysis. EMSA further identified that T3-thyroid receptor (TR) α-retinoid-X receptor (RXR) complex directly bound on the GPAT3 promoter. Conclusion Triiodothyronine could activate the GPAT3 through DR4-TRE-like sequence binding to participate in lipogenic regulation. AGPAT2 may be another thyroid hormone target enzyme.
Nulla Per Os (NPO) guidelines: time to revisit?

Purpose of review Preoperative fasting guidelines are generalized to elective procedures and usually do not distinguish between the ambulatory and inpatient setting. Prevalence of aspiration is low while prolonged preoperative fasting is common clinical reality. Recently, changes in preoperative fasting guidelines have been widely discussed. Recent findings Rates of prolonged clear fluid fasting (>4 h) prior to surgery are reported in up to 80% of patients with mean fasting duration of up to 16 h and beyond. Prolonged fasting may result in adverse effects such as intraoperative hemodynamic instability, postoperative delirium, patient discomfort, and extended hospital length of stay. Liberal approaches allowing clear fluids up to 1 h prior to anesthesia or until premedication/call to the operating room have shown no increase in adverse events among children. Various anesthesia societies now encourage clear fluid intake up to 1 h prior to pediatric elective anesthesia. Similar reports in the adult cohort are scarce. Summary Allowing sips of water until call to the operating room may help reducing prolonged preoperative fasting and improving patient comfort while keeping a flexibility in operating room schedule. The feasibility and safety of a liberal clear fluid fasting regimen among adults undergoing elective anesthesia needs to be evaluated in future studies.
A Visual Sensing Concept for Robustly Classifying House Types through a Convolutional Neural Network Architecture Involving a Multi-Channel Features Extraction

The core objective of this paper is to develop and validate a comprehensive visual sensing concept for robustly classifying house types. Previous studies regarding this type of classification show that this type of classification is not simple (i.e., tough) and most classifier models from the related literature have shown a relatively low performance. For finding a suitable model, several similar classification models based on convolutional neural network have been explored. We have found out that adding/involving/extracting better and more complex features result in a significant accuracy related performance improvement. Therefore, a new model taking this finding into consideration has been developed, tested and validated. The model developed is benchmarked with selected state-of-art classification models of relevance for the “house classification” endeavor. The test results obtained in this comprehensive benchmarking clearly demonstrate and validate the effectiveness and the superiority of our here developed deep-learning model. Overall, one notices that our model reaches classification performance figures (accuracy, precision, etc.) which are at least 8% higher (which is extremely significant in the ranges above 90%) than those reached by the previous state-of-the-art methods involved in the conducted comprehensive benchmarking.
Determinants of consumers’ choice behaviour for fresh fish types

The demand for and supply of fresh fish in many developing countries in the world today Nigeria inclusive, are yet to satisfy the annual dietary needs of their citizenry. This phenomenon, therefore, put unresisting pressure on the need to identify and grow more fresh fish that can meet the socio-cultural and economic desires of consumers. In the light of this, the present study examines the determinants of consumers’ choice behaviour for fresh fish types in Nigeria. Primary data were collected from 360 household heads through a structured questionnaire using a multistage sampling procedure. Multinomial logit regression model (MNL) was employed to analyse the impacts of socio-economic and fish-specific attributes of consumer choice for fresh fish. Results showed that 81 per cent were female households with a mean age of 35 years and mean household size of 4 members. Mean years of schooling and monthly expenditure were 13 and ₦3,611.94 (USD10.01), respectively. Mean consumptions of fresh fish category were mudfish (0.3354), catfish (0.1889), tilapia (0.2167), trunk fish (0.1138) and snakehead fish (0.1444). The McFadden R2 was 0.50 and the validity of independence of irrelevant alternatives hypothesis for the use of MNL was not violated given a p-value of 0.7618. Results showed that consumers' income, price of the fish, level of education, household size, experience and freshness had a significant impact on fresh fish choices. The study therefore recommends that policy that will increase consumers’ satisfaction for every naira spent on fresh fish and improve fish qualities should be given proper attentions.
Effect of different instrument systems on the quality of bio-ceramic obturation material (An in vitro leakage and SEM Study)

Background and Objectives: Bioceramic-based root canal sealers need more evidence for proving its sealing ability. The objective of this in vitro study is to measure the leakage of extracted root canals and analyze the interfacial adaptation of the bioceramic material to canal walls. Methods: 60 extracted human lower mandibular teeth were divided randomly into 6 groups (each group 10 teeth). Group 1 and 4 were instrumented by protaper next rotary files, group 2 and 5 by wave one reciprocating files and group 3 and 6 by Two shape rotary files. All of the specimens were obturated with thermal (warm vertical compaction) technique using bioceramic as sealer. The leakage of specimens of group 1, 2 and 3 was evaluated by dye penetration method. The interfacial adaptation of specimens of group 3, 4 and 5 were analyzed using scaning electron microscopy. Results: statistics for groups 1, 2 and 3 revealed that Wave one group showed the best leakage (mean of 0.7 mm) with significant difference. By using ANOVA; Post hoc LSD test revealed that difference between groups 1 and 3 was significant, while differences between groups 2 and 1 and between groups 2 and 3 were non-significant (p<0.05). The descriptive statistics for groups 4, 5 and 6 revealed that Two shape file group showed the least interfacial gap width (mean­=31.2 µm). By using ANOVA; Post hoc LSD test revealed that difference between groups 4 and 5 was non-significant, while difference between groups 4 and 6 plus 5 and 6 were significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Different instrumentation systems had effect on the obturation quality of bioceramic material.
Habitat Partitioning in Two Tropical Reef Fishes, Pomacentrus lividus and P. albofasciatus

Aggressive territorial defense by Pomacentrus lividus excludes P. albofasciatus from a subhabitat which the latter could apparently use. The slightly larger size, more aggressive behavior and limited home range of P. lividus compared with its competitor's smaller size, low aggressiveness and apparently wide ranging behavior seem to permit these congeneric fishes to to coexist in the coral zone at Tumon Bay, Guam.
Numerical Investigation of Active Flow Control on Laminar Forced Convection over a Backward Facing Step Surrounded by Multiple Jets

Laminar, transient forced convection problem over a 2D backward facing step (BFS) at an inlet Reynolds number (Re) of 400 is investigated numerically using OpenFOAM. To increase the Nusselt number (Nu) along the bottom wall, active flow control is applied by zero-net-mass-flux (ZNMF) combinations of suction and injection through three thin slits which are placed on the top, step and the bottom walls in the vicinity of the BFS. The combinations of each jet velocity is determined by jet to inlet mean velocity ratios which are limited to integer numbers between -2 and 2 and satisfying ZNMF condition where negative and positive values indicate suction and injection, respectively. All 19 cases which satisfy these rules are investigated. Average Nusselt number, friction coefficient and recirculation zone lengths are calculated along the bottom wall from time averaged flow fields. Among 19 cases with each having different jet configuration, some cases converged to steady state solution while others indicated temporal effects and converged to periodic solutions. To understand these transient effects, velocity oscillation magnitude and Strouhal number which are monitored at a selected critical point are evaluated. It is shown that temporal interaction of chosen active flow control methodology has significant effect on enhancing mixing which results in an increase of Nusselt number. Among all cases, the best case concerning thermal improvement has an increase of 78.5% in Nu number while the best aerodynamic improvement is achieved for another case with a decrease of 81% in total recirculation zone length compared to the reference case where no control is applied.
Supervised Machine Learning Based Medical Diagnosis Support System for Prediction of Patients with Heart Disease

A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Received: 20 July, 2020 Accepted: 01 September, 2020 Online: 17 September, 2020 Application in the field of medical development has always been one of the most important research areas. One of these medical applications is the early prediction system for heart diseases especially; coronary artery disease (CAD) also called atherosclerosis. The need for a medical diagnosis support system is to detect atherosclerosis at the earlier stages to optimize the diagnosis, avoid the advanced cases, and reduce treatment costs. Earlier, the datasets are collected from specific medical sources and have evaluated against computer applications. In this paper, a supervised machine learning medical diagnosis support system (MDSS) for atherosclerosis prediction is presented that able to obtain and learn automatically knowledge from each patient's clinical data. Therefore, we used three Machine Learning (ML) classifiers for the proposed MDSS for atherosclerosis. Thus, this work is accomplished using databases collected from the UCI repository (Cleveland, Hungarian) and Sani Z-Alizadeh dataset. The performance metrics were computed utilizing Accuracy, Recall and Precision. Furthermore, F1-score and Matthews’s correlation coefficient these measures were also calculated to greatly increase the proposed system performance. Additionally, 10-fold cross-validation methods have been used for proposed model performance evaluation that achieved 94% as the best accuracy average. Consequently, the proposed model can be used to support healthcare and facilitate largescale clinical diagnostic of atherosclerosis diseases.
Molecular systematics of neotropical xenodontine snakes. III: Overview of xenodontine phylogeny and the history of new world snakes

Microcomplement fixation immunological data are presented concerning the relationships of several genera of xenodontines to two major clades within that radiation, the previously recognized Central and South American lineages. Heterodon, Farancia, Carphophis and Conophis probably represent independent lineages. The phylogenetic placements of Diadophis and Contia are ambiguous. Comparisons with representatives of other colubrid lineages do not confirm that the xenodontine lineages discussed are monophyletic. However, no association can be demonstrated between any xenodontine lineage and representatives of the other lineages tested. The albumin divergence among New World colubrines strongly suggests that they are not monophyletic relative to Old World colubrines and that the diversification of New and Old World colubrine genera occurred subsequent to the separation of the major xenodontine lineages. Xenodontines may be older than the fossil record indicates, and an African origin is as likely as an Asian-North American origin for the neotropical lineages.