Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kidney, Pancreas and Islet Transplant Options for Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy

Recent progress in surgery and immunosuppression has expanded the “transplant menu” for patients with diabetic nephropathy which is now including: Kidney Transplantation from a Deceased Donor (DDKT) or a Living Donor (LDKT), Simultaneous Pancreas Kidney (SPK), Pancreas Transplantation Alone (PTA), Pancreas after Kidney (PAK) and Islet transplantation. As pre-emptive transplantation presents a clear survival advantage over dialysis, all diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) should be referred for early evaluation by a transplant center. For type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients, LDKT and SPK transplantation offer superior and approximately equivalent long-term patient and allograft survival. PAK transplant rates tend to decline due to surgical and immunological complications, but it may still be considered for well selected candidates with preserved kidney allograft function. For type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, not only LDKT, but even DDKT are superior to dialysis. SPK transplantation should be offered only in selected cases with special metabolic characteristics similar to T1DM. PTA should be considered only for selected cases of T1DM with well preserved renal function (eGFR>80 ml/min/1.73 m2 and minimal proteinuria), as it may a cause of rapid deterioration of renal function. Islet transplantation should still be considered as an experimental procedure for T1DM, and has no place in patients with advanced CKD, but it may be applied in already immunosuppressed patients following KT. However, the best transplant option for patients with diabetic nephropathy therapy should always be individualized, taking under consideration the patients’ preferences and expectations, their overall medical condition and the transplant center’s experience with all these procedures.
State Policies for Assessing and Supporting Kinship Foster Parents. Discussion Papers. Assessing the New Federalism: An Urban Institute Program To Assess Changing Social Policies.

This study provides updated information regarding states' kinship care policies. Almost all states give preference to and seek out kin when placing a child in foster care. However, states vary in the way that they assess and support kinship care. Most states assess kin differently than non-kin foster parents. Some kin receive foster care payments while others are supported with lesser payments. This paper analyzes the impacts of the Adoption and Safe Families Act final rule on kinship care and discusses the challenge of creating kinship care policies that both ensure child safety and address the unique needs of kin.
Virtual Environment Training: A New Tool for Neurorehabilitation

&NA; This paper is designed to introduce the reader to the use of virtual environments (VE) in rehabilitation by describing the theoretical and practical basis for the technique. Clinically relevant aspects of visual display devices which are available for use in VE are discussed. Next, key features of a VE system developed by the authors and colleagues are presented. The system is designed to enhance motor learning through the use of augmented feedback provided by a virtual teacher. Finally, preliminary clinical findings from a study in which the system was utilized to retrain UE motor control in subjects with chronic stroke are reported. Following treatment, subjects were found to have significant (p<0.05) improvements in the Fugl‐Meyer Test of Motor Recovery, the Wolf Motor Test, and selected strength tests.
A practical approach to promoting adherence to immunosuppressive medication after renal transplantation

Renal transplant recipients are expected to adhere to a lifelong therapeutic regimen designed to preserve long-term graft function and to reduce the risk of complications. Adherence to immunosuppression is a critical component of this regimen, but studies using electronic monitoring, the most sensitive tool currently available, have found non-adherence rates of 20–26% in adult patients, whereas a mean prevalence of 32% has been reported among adolescent renal transplant recipients. Non-adherence after renal transplantation is an important clinical problem because even comparatively low rates of non-adherence are associated with increased risks of acute rejection, graft loss, reduced quality of life, and mortality. All members of the transplant team including hospital-based and community nephrologists, surgeons, nurses and therapists, should be aware of the possibility of non-adherence and be prepared to intervene. Promoting adherence is not straightforward, because risk factors for non-adherence are multifactorial and individual to each patient. As a result, intervention is more likely to promote lasting adherence if it is long term and takes place within the context of a chronic-illness management model that integrates behavioural, psychosocial and medical aspects of care appropriate to the unique needs of the individual patient.
Men and health promotion in the United Kingdom: 20 years further forward?

Despite overall improvements in life expectancy, rates of premature male mortality, particularly for men in areas of socioeconomic deprivation, remain an important issue of concern in the United Kingdom. Interventions to engage men and promote their health and wellbeing have developed, albeit sporadically, over recent decades in response to this health inequity. This paper provides a 10-year update on the state of men’s health promotion in the United Kingdom. It begins by highlighting changes in male life expectancy and possible explanations for these shifts, including a relative failure to address mental health promotion and male suicide, before providing detail about how practice approaches to men’s health promotion have evolved over the period 2005–2016. Such changes are not removed from the wider socioeconomic context. This paper therefore, then, considers movements in the policy context and possible influences of this before exploring the challenges that remain for men’s health promotion. We suggest that despite certain improvements in the practice of men’s health promotion and in men’s health outcomes, issues remain in terms of premature mortality, particularly for certain groups of men. We further suggest that many of the difficulties in improving and promoting the health of men further lie with a market-driven neoliberal policy context that engenders inequality through the inequitable distribution of and access to material resources and through individualistic approaches to health promotion that serve men from economically and socially disadvantaged locations least well.
Morphodynamic Resilience of Intertidal Mudflats on a Seasonal Time Scale

Intertidal mudflats are morphodynamic features present in many estuaries worldwide. Often located between vegetated shores and deep channels they comprise valuable ecosystems and serve to protect the hinterland by attenuating waves. Although mudflats are persistently present on yearly to decadal time scales, little is known on their morphodynamic adaptation to short-term variations in forcing such as storms, spring-neap tidal cycles, and sediment supply. This study aims to explore the morphodynamic resilience of mudflats to seasonal variations in forcing. First, we compare transects observed in South Bay, California, at 3- to 6-monthly intervals. Second, we present the results of a process-based, morphodynamic profile model (Mflat). Mflat is an open source, Matlab code that describes both cross-shore and alongshore tidal hydrodynamics as well as a stationary wave model. An advection-diffusion equation solves sediment transport while bed level changes occur by the divergence of the sediment transport field. Mflat reproduces the observed South San Francisco Bay profile in equilibrium with significant skill. Short-term variations in hydrodynamic forcing and sediment characteristics disturb the profile mainly at the channel-shoal edge. The modeled profile disturbance is consistent with observations. The modeled profile is remarkably resilient since it recovers to the equilibrium profile within weeks to months. The model results suggest that 3-monthly observation intervals are probably too long to discriminate processes responsible for the profile disturbance. These processes may include variations in sediment supply, mudflat erodibility, and wave action as well as the spring-neap tidal cycle.
Development of TG101348 for the treatment of JAK2-driven malignancies

7083 Background: The molecular pathogenesis of the myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs) polycythemia vera, essential thrombocytosis, and myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia has been conclusively linked to an activating mutation of JAK2 (Janus Associated Kinase 2). In addition, aberrant activation of the JAK-STAT pathway has been implicated in the etiology of other human cancers due to activation of JAK2 by excessive cytokines and silencing of SOCs, a negative regulator of JAK-STAT signaling. In order to address this unmet clinical need TG101348 was designed and synthesized as a potent inhibitor of JAK2 that is highly selectivity against undesirable off-target kinases, including 332X, 135X and 35 selectivity versus JAK3, Tyk2 and JAK1, respectively as well as potently inhibiting less than 2% of the kinases evaluated in a commercially available, phylogenetically diverse panel of 223 kinases. Methods: TG101348 was evaluated for its capacity to block aberrant cell proliferation and reverse JAK2-induced clini.
Increased water yield and altered water partitioning follow wildfire in a forested catchment in the western United States

As wildfires in much of the western United States increase in size, frequency, and severity, understanding the impact of these fires on water yield from forested headwater basins is essential to successful management of water resources. The current study examines the changes in partitioning of the hydrologic cycle in the Mill Creek Basin that follow the Chippy Creek Fire in Montana, USA, due to alterations to the vegetative regime. The analysis utilizes remote sensing‐based vegetation indices and evapotranspiration, a model‐interpolated precipitation product, and discharge data to assess annual water budgets and vegetative regimes in the Mill Creek Basin. After being almost 90% burned in the Chippy Creek Fire, vegetation in the catchment has shifted from almost exclusively mixed conifer forest to sagebrush scrubs and grasses. This shift in vegetation is accompanied by abrupt shifts in partitioning of the water budget, resulting in an altered ecohydrologic regime. Post‐fire, evapotranspiration decreases annually by 250 mm (46%), and evaporative fraction decreases by 0.53. However, evapotranspiration product biases may overestimate this decrease from pre‐ to post‐fire. This decrease in evapotranspiration results in an annual increase in streamflow of 136 mm, a 21% increase in the runoff ratio, and a 140% increase in water yield. These changes to the water budget are consistent for 10 years post‐fire and show no trend towards pre‐fire values during the study period. Results will help inform planning and management of water resources downstream of forested catchments that have been impacted by wildfire.
Sahel atlas of changing landscapes: tracing trends and variations in vegetation cover and soil condition

This atlas aims to illustrate a rigorous scientific basis for understanding processes of landscape change in the Sahel and describes landscapes climate vegetation and trends in vegetation and soil health. The atlas provides a pictorial overview of the application of land degradation surveillance science based approach to land health monitoring and assessment Systematic sampling and observation of ground conditions are combined with new technology for rapid soil characterization and with fine to moderate resolution satellite imagery to provide powerful inference about soil vegetation and socioeconomic conditions at local to regional scales.
Analytical aspects and management of copper poisoning- A review

Copper resembles reddish-orange when freshly exposed. It is soft, malleable and ductile metal. It is an essential trace element present in human beings and helps in biological functioning of so many enzymes in our body. Copper is also used in others places like in pesticides, alloys and due to its high conductivity to heat and electricity it is used in electrical equipments such as wiring and motors. In its metallic state copper is not as such poisonous but some of its salts are poisonous like copper sulphate, copper subacetate, copper carbonate and its accumulation in body also cause disease in humans. The toxicity cause by copper is known as copperiedus. Source of exposure to copper toxicity or copperiedus is occupational (like people working in alloy factories or pesticides industries) and non-occupational which is through contaminated water or food. Pathway of exposure is mainly through skin, gastrointestinal track, lungs and mucous membrane. Copper poisoning has both acute and chronic effect on human body.
Coastal development and mangroves in Abu Dhabi, UAE

Mangrove forests are widely distributed in Asia, America, and Africa. These salt-tolerant bushes or trees grow at the intersection of fresh and saline waters in tidal lagoons, estuaries, and deltas creating rich ecosystems. They are used by communities for wood, and fish and shellfish harvesting, and they play an important role in soil stabilization and wave and flood modification by absorbing storm surges protecting coastal communities. Mangroves are threatened by human activities that include discharge of untreated wastewater that creates hypoxic conditions; structures, which interfere with material deposition and current circulation; and ship and boat movement, which create wake waves, or introduce ballast water. The highly salt tolerant species of Avicennia marina covers about 155 km2 of the Abu Dhabi shoreline. Mangroves’ existence in some locations there is endangered by the intense coastal development and engineered shoreline modification taking place. Cement factories with heavy metal and other particle sea deposition; marinas, ports, canals, and seawalls constructed to provide residential sea views, and motorized boats modify hydrodynamic conditions and affect the settling of particles directing them seaward. Finally, the dredging that accompanies construction removes benthic communities and material modifying the seabed and may create conditions adverse to mangrove survival.
Design of Hybrid Flow Constructed Wetlands for Domestic Wastewater Treatment (Phytoremidiation): A Review

: Expanding population and quick industrialization growth there is adverse effect on environmental pollution in last few decades, the treatment of wastewater using conventional technologies very economical in developing countries. Constructed wetlands act as sustainable engineered systems for treatment of wastewater in developing countries [14]. Constructed wetlands are considered as successful, economical, cheap cost, are easily operated and maintained sustainable systems. In this paper is to design effectively treatment of a small village wastewater (municipal) by using vertical and horizontal subsurface flow of constructed wetlands. This hybrid constructed wetland is designed under topographical climate conditions. These hybrids constructed wetland system act as secondary and tertiary treatment units in wastewater treatment. the Free Surface(FWS) constructed wetlands treatment performance based on the free floating and emerging macrophytes. The FWS system provide an ultimate successful depletion or lowering of conventional parameters like BOD and many for a more efficient by He examined by three plant species mainly canna, phragmites australis and cyprus papyrus in VFCW. The VFCW is the effective technology for the removal of both physio-chemical and biological pollutants. Sohair stated that the native species in VFCW provided a efficient distribution of root system and mare microbial population for better removal rates. The treated effluent water followed to the national regulatory standards. [4] the treatment effect of vertical flow constructed wetlands on municipal waste water. The VFCF was planted with Typha latifolia and the other phragmites australis. The efficiency was assess following parameters PH, Electrical conductivity, Total Suspended Solids(TSS), Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD) and Bio-Chemical Oxygen Demand(BOD), Total Nitrogen(TN) and Nitrate(NO3-), Orthophosphate(PO43-), Sodium(Na), Potassium(K), Magnesium(Mg), Calcium(Ca). The VFCW’s showed effective removal effenciences for COD, BOD, N and K, while less effective for magnesium(Mg) and calcium(Ca). Zurita discussed the treating waste water by using economically benefit plants in constructed wetlands. These plants with vertical and horizontal substrate flow direction cell’s respectively. The result for the significantly removal of pollutant is higher in the vertical subsurface flow wetlands. The horizontal subsurface flows wetlands significantly removal efficiency for Total Suspended Solids(TSS) and nitrates. subsurface water.
Impact of makeup on remote-PPG monitoring

Camera-based remote photoplethysmography (remote-PPG) enables contactless measurement of blood volume pulse from the human skin. Skin visibility is essential to remote-PPG as the camera needs to capture the light reflected from the skin that penetrates deep into skin tissues and carries blood pulsation information. The use of facial makeup may jeopardize this measurement by reducing the amount of light penetrating into and reflecting from the skin. In this paper, we conduct an empirical study to thoroughly investigate the impact of makeup on remote-PPG monitoring, in both the visible (RGB) and invisible (Near Infrared, NIR) lighting conditions. The experiment shows that makeup has negative influence on remote-PPG, which reduces the relative PPG strength (AC/DC) at different wavelengths and changes the normalized PPG signature across multiple wavelengths. It makes (i) the pulse-rate extraction more difficult in both the RGB and NIR, although NIR is less affected than RGB, and (ii) the blood oxygen saturation extraction in NIR impossible. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that systematically investigate the impact of makeup on camera-based remote-PPG monitoring.
The Artistʼs Complete Guide to Facial Expression

Part 1 The head in general: the skull the features. Part 2 Muscles of expression: the nature of the facial muscles muscles of the brow and eye the muscles of the mouth. Part 3 The six expressions: the expression of sadness the expression of anger the expression of joy the expression of fear the expression of disgust the expression of surprise. Part 4 The complete guide to facial expression - a chart.
The diversity and drivers of bacterial assemblages in the euphotic zone from coastal seas to the open ocean

Marine bacteria are ubiquitous in the world’s oceans, contributing significantly to food webs and global biogeochemical cycles. Characterising the distribution and drivers of bacterial diversity is key to understanding their important roles in the marine ecosystem. This thesis characterised the diversity and drivers of bacterial communities in the euphotic zone from 1 mm to 250 m below the sea surface, covering a range of marine environments from the coastal and shelf seas to the open ocean, including biogeochemically important habitats such as the sea surface microlayer. Bacterioplankton communities vary seasonally and over local and global scales, in response to prevailing environmental characteristics. Using a multidisciplinary approach, interrogating 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequence data with co-occurring physicochemical metadata has revealed that, in addition to the major overarching drivers of temperature and primary production, physical processes such as atmospheric deposition, mixing, and stratification can also influence the composition of bacterial communities and their vertical distribution in the water column. Enrichments of ecologically important bacteria such as Alteromonas sp. and Trichodesmium sp. in the sea surface microlayer have potential to influence the availability of resources arriving into the open ocean from the atmosphere. Using 16S rRNA transcripts to characterise active bacterioplankton communities has revealed that bacterioplankton activity is decoupled from abundance throughout the Atlantic Ocean, and may be influenced by the dominant primary producers. Furthermore, by combining culture-based techniques with functional amplicon sequencing, the physiological effects of CO-oxidation on the model bacterioplankton R. pomeroyi and a diversity of CO-oxidising bacterioplankton among the ecologically important Marine Roseobacter Clade in a temperate coastal environment have been identified. This thesis improves our understanding of bacterial ecology in the world's oceans, and demonstrates how holistic approaches to studying marine bacteria in the environment used in combination with molecular tools, can give a view of marine ecosystem function.
The Physics of Changing Tectonic Regimes: Implications for the Temporal Evolution of Mantle Convection and the Thermal History of Venus

Given similar sizes and compositions, Venus invites comparisons with Earth. While Earth convects in the plate tectonic regime, Venus' current and past tectonic states remain uncertain. Venus' impact crater distribution has led to competing models for its tectonic state, steady (e.g., stagnant lid) or catastrophic (e.g., episodic lid). Terrestrial geochemical evidence and geodynamic models suggest that planets may transition between tectonic states over time. Transitions can be triggered by increasing yield stress due to loss of water or by increasing surface temperature. Here, we revisit the classic endmember models of Venusian tectonics by modeling the transition from stable mobile lid convection into a stable stagnant lid in 3D spherical geometry. Transitions between states are governed by both regional and global scale instabilities, resulting in oscillations in heat flux, velocity, and magma production over Gyr time scales. The thermal and tectonic evolution of a convectively transitioning planet is neither catastrophic nor steady. Volcanism and tectonic yielding may be non‐global in nature. At any given time, portions of the planetary surface may reflect apparently different styles of convection, with some regions being highly active and other regions being sluggish and inactive. For Venus, the implications are that global melt production and resurfacing are a natural consequence of lid‐state evolution, without needing ad hoc resurfacing mechanisms which rely on a single governing lid‐state. Geologic evidence suggests that the transition from mobile lid to stagnant lid is still on‐going. Venus may have lost liquid surface water in the last third of its history.