Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Targeting Bruton’s tyrosine kinase expression levels through microRNAs in chronic lymphocytic leukemia treatment

CLL is the most common leukemia in the western world and is characterized by the accumulation of monoclonal mature circulating CD5+ B cells that generally express low levels of surface immunoglobulin (Ig) (1,2). Many lines of evidence indicate that chronic signaling through the B-cell receptor (BCR) plays a key role in CLL pathogenesis (1,2). CLL prognosis is correlated with the BCR somatic hypermutation status and the CLL BCR repertoire is highly restricted. Often, CLL cells show constitutive activation of several kinases that are activated immediately downstream of the BCR. Thus, the BCR signaling pathway is aberrantly active in CLL and may play a role in disease development. One of the signal transduction molecules downstream of the BCR is BTK, a Tec family non-receptor kinase that is primarily expressed in most hematopoietic lineages, but not in T cells (3,4). BTK has been shown to be essential for several constitutively active pathways implicated in CLL cell survival, including the AKT, ERK and NF-κB pathway (2,3). Importantly, small molecule inhibitors of BTK have shown impressive anti-tumor activity in clinical studies, with high response rates in various B cell malignancies, in particular CLL (3).
Edad al primer servicio y al parto sobre producción láctea en primera lactación en vaquillonas lecheras

El propósito de esta investigación fue determinar relación de la edad al primer servicio y edad al primer parto sobre la producción láctea post parto en vaquillonas lecheras criadas en condiciones de clima subtropical. Se utilizaron 20 animales entre el cruce racial Holstein Frissian por Bronwn Swiss, empleando animales primíparas con peso corporal entre 480 a 540 kilos y una edad para primer servicio entre 17 y 32 meses y edad al parto entre 29 y 45 meses. Se recolectó información retrospectiva de tarjetas individuales por animal de información desde su nacimiento hasta terminar el parámetro producción leche durante los primeros 100 días posparto; se aplicó un análisis de coeficiente de correlación lineal, utilizando el paquete estadístico SPSS. La edad al primer servicio y al parto no estuvieron correlacionadas con la producción láctea posparto, datos sujeto bajo una significancia estadística de (p>0.05) de error. Se concluye que la categoría promedio de edad al primer servicio es de 26.43 meses y edad al primer parto es de 36.96 meses con una producción láctea promedio de 1746.90 kilos de leche en vaquillonas lecheras criadas en condiciones subtropicales.
STUDY ON SURVIVABILITY OF NEWLY HATCHED LARVAE OF TWO SPECIES OF PEPPERMINT SHRIMP FED WITH DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS AND DENSITIES OF LIVE FOODS

This study was aimed to evaluate different types and combinations of live foods in relation to the survivability of newly hatched Lysmata vittata and Lysmata intermedia larvae. The experiment consisted of three trials (different species, combinations, and densities of live foods) arranged in a completely randomized design. The first and second trials were subjected to L. vittata with three treatments for each trial (1A, 1B, 1C for trial-1; 1D, 1E, 1F for trial-2). The third trial consisted of two treatments (2A and 2B) tested on L. intermedia. Each treatment had three replicates. The results showed that the survival rates were low in all treatments. However, each treatment showed a significant effect (P<0.05) on the average survival rate of L. vittata and L. intermedia larvae. In the first trial, treatment 1C was the only one that had survived larvae after day 35 with 4.44% of final average survival rate (FASR). Four of the larvae reached the post-larval stage. In the second trial, treatment 1F showed a better condition than the other treatments with 5.56% FASR. Nevertheless, no larvae in the second trial had transformed to post-larval stage before the experiment ended at day 46. In the third trial, no larvae survived to reach the post-larval stage. In spite of this, treatment 2B had better daily average survival rate (DASR) than treatment 2A. This research concludes that the use of copepods as live food at an early larval stage and Artemia at a later stage is relatively more effective to improve the survival rate of peppermint shrimp larvae.
Function of pathway specific regulators in the ACE1 and pyrichalasin H biosynthetic gene clusters

Ectopic expression of BC1 which encodes a putative pathway specific transcription factor from the ACE1 biosynthetic gene cluster of the rice pathogen Pyricularia oryzae Guy11 did not lead to the production of ACE1-related compounds. However the known compound hinnulin A was formed. A putative partial gene cluster potentially involved in the biosynthesis of hinnulin A and DHN melanin was validated by RT-PCR and a possible biosynthetic pathway is proposed. Ectopic expression of pyiR which encodes a pathway specific transcription factor from the pyrichalasin H biosynthetic gene cluster in Magnaporthe grisea NI980 led to the apparent up-regulation of the pyi cluster and a 3-fold increase in pyrichalasin production under standard fermentation conditions, but did not lead to the formation of new compounds.
Roles of fractional exhaled nitric oxide(FeNO) in the management of bronchial asthma

Objective To evaluate the roles of fractional exhaled nitric oxide(FeNO) in the management of bronchial asthma.Methods Twenty-five asthmatic patients without standard medication treatment were recruited.Budesonide(200 μg,bid) was used for twelve weeks to evaluate the changes of FeNO level,pulmonary functions,ACT scores,blood routine tests,total serum IgE and cell counts in induced sputum.At the same time,Twenty-five healthy people were recruited as control group and their FeNO levels were tested.Results After treated with Budesonide,the FeNO levels(volume fraction) of asthmatic patients were significantly lower than those before treatment [(49.98± 25.98) ×10-9 vs.(109.18±65.23)×10-9,P=0.000]. Meanwhile,the FeNO levels of asthmatic patients were markedly higher than those of controllers′ before treatment [(109.18±65.23) ×10-9 vs.(12.44±4.31×10-9,P=0.000],and after trented[(49.98±25.98) ×10-9 vs.(12.44±4.31) ×10-9,P=0.000)]. After treatment with Budesonide,the FEV1/pred levels [(83.40%±15.74%) vs.(72.45%±7.48%,) P=0.002],the ACT scores [22.88±1.81 vs.14. 88±4.21,P=0.000] of asthmatic patients were significantly higher than their pre-treatment levels;the eosinophil percentage(Eos%) counts in blood routine test [(4.33%±1.89%) vs.(5.70%±1.85%),P=0.004],the total serum IgE [(231.35±200.59) ng/mL vs.(284.81±231.12) ng/mL,P=0.004],the Eos% in induced sputum [(6.58%±3.66%) vs.(10.00%±4.75%),P=0.004] were significantly lower than their pre-treatment levels.The FENO levels before treatment were significant negatively correlated with the ACT scores(r=-0.425,P=0.034) and significant positively correlated with the Eos% in induced sputum(r=0.657,P=0.020). Conclusions FeNO level may be a good parameter for the management of eosinophlic airway inflammation.It may bring benefit to evaluate asthma management.
Red Bay Psyllid, Trioza magnoliae (Ashmead) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psyllidae)

EENY-438, a 5-page illustrated fact sheet by Donald W. Hall, is part of the Featured Creatures collection. It describes this psyllid which causes galls on the leaves of native species of Persea bay trees — its distribution, description, life cycle and biology, and economic importance. Includes selected references. Published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, February 2009. EENY-438/IN799: Red Bay Psyllid, Trioza magnoliae (Ashmead) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psyllidae) (ufl.edu)
A big-data approach to understanding metabolic rate and response to obesity in laboratory mice

Maintaining a healthy body weight requires an exquisite balance between energy intake and energy expenditure. In humans and in laboratory mice these factors are experimentally measured by powerful and sensitive indirect calorimetry devices. To understand the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the regulation of body weight, an important first step is to establish the normal range of metabolic values and primary sources contributing to variability in results. Here we examine indirect calorimetry results from two experimental mouse projects, the Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centers and International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium to develop insights into large-scale trends in mammalian metabolism. Analysis of nearly 10,000 wildtype mice revealed that the largest experimental variances are consequences of institutional site. This institutional effect on variation eclipsed those of housing temperature, body mass, locomotor activity, sex, or season. We do not find support for the claim that female mice have greater metabolic variation than male mice. An analysis of these factors shows a normal distribution for energy expenditure in the phenotypic analysis of 2,246 knockout strains and establishes a reference for the magnitude of metabolic changes. Using this framework, we examine knockout strains with known metabolic phenotypes. We compare these effects with common environmental challenges including age, and exercise. We further examine the distribution of metabolic phenotypes exhibited by knockout strains of genes corresponding to GWAS obesity susceptibility loci. Based on these findings, we provide suggestions for how best to design and conduct energy balance experiments in rodents, as well as how to analyze and report data from these studies. These recommendations will move us closer to the goal of a centralized physiological repository to foster transparency, rigor and reproducibility in metabolic physiology experimentation.
HUANGLONGBING: A DESTRUCTIVE, NEWLY-EMERGING, CENTURY-OLD DISEASE OF CITRUS 1

SUMMARY A detailed account is given of the history, aetiology, biology, epidemiology, detection, geographical distribution, and control of huanglongbing (HLB), a destructive disease of citrus that represents a major threat to the world citrus industry, and is slowly invading new citrusgrowing areas. HLB, whose name in Chinese means “yellow dragon disease”, was first reported from southern China in 1919 and is now known to occur in next to 40 different Asian, African, Oceanian, South and North American countries. The agent is a phloem-restricted, non cultured, Gram-negative bacterium causing crippling diseases denoted “greening “ in South Africa, “mottle leaf” in the Philippines, “dieback” in India, “vein phloem degeneration” in Indonesia. The HLB bacterium belongs to the genus Candidatus Liberibacter, three species of which are currently known, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, occurring in Asian countries and, to a lesser extent, in Brazil and the USA (Florida), Candidatus Liberibacter africanus with its subspecies “capensis”, recorded from African countries, and Candidatus Liberibacter americanus present in Brazil. The suggestion is that each liberibacter species has evolved in the continent after which it is named. HLB symptoms are virtually the same wherever the disease occurs. Infected trees show a blotchy mottle condition of the leaves that results in the development of yellow shoots, the early and very characteristic symptom of the disease. Trees are stunted, declining and bear a few, small-sized, and deformed (lop-sided) fruits, that are poorly coloured (greening) and with coloration starting at the peduncular end (colour inversion). HLB can be transmitted by grafting from citrus to citrus and by dodder to periwinkle. The psyllids Trioza erytreae and Diaphorina citri are natural vectors. Two different types of
Comparing Milk Microbial Quality and Hygiene between Milk Processed at Home and Milk Processed by Industries in Kicukiro District, Kigali City-Rwanda

Pasteurized milks are still causing food borne illness. Milk contamination can occur at any stage from its way from cow to our tables. Usually milk is pure and sterile when produced in udder of a healthy cow. Like humans, cow are reservoirs of bacteria which are harmless to humans and some cows can harbour few bacteria that are harmful to humans even though they are not harmful to the cow. Milk can be contaminated during or after milking. Also, cow feeds can be contaminated with mycotoxins such as aflatoxins produced by the fungi, Aspergillus flavus. Four types of aflatoxins are known which are; aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2. Cows comsuming feeds contaminated with aflatoxin B1 leads to secretion in the milk of aflatoxin M1 and M2 causing aflatoxicosis. Microbial contamination of milk and dairy products is a universal problem and foodborne infections accounting for 20 million cases annually in the world have been identified as an important public health and economic problem in developed as well as developing nations. The main objective of this study was to determine milk microbial quality in Kicukiro district. The specific objectives are to identify bacteria pathogens in milk collected in Kicukiro district, to compare milk quality among sectors of Kicukiro district, to compare milk processed by industries and home-processed milk. The methodology employed in this research was cross-sectional and experimental as the study began with collection of raw data and went through laboratory analysis from July–August, 2018. The findings showed that 59.56% of the milk fell within Grade I – Grade III (< 200,000 ≤ 2,000,000 cfu/ml) and 40.42 % of the milk samples were not within the acceptable limit of total count quality as per COMESA and EAS, non-lactobacilli and fungi were present in most samples as examined through microscope and no Staphylococcus aureus was present in any sample as examined by catalase and coagulase tests.
Antigenic epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease : understanding the limitations of in-vitro vaccine matching for Malaysian strains

Foot-and mouth disease (FMD) is highly transmissible between all cloven-hoofed animals and is considered a livestock disease of great importance due to its impact upon productivity and the trade restrictions. The aetiological agent is an RNA virus classified into seven serotypes: A, O, C, Asia 1, SAT 1, SAT 2 and SAT 3. Despite considerable global research efforts, serological in-vitro tests, such as virus neutralisation test (VNT) and liquid phase blocking ELISA (LPBE), are still the only methods for vaccine selection. Although, these assays are relatively simple to perform, they are known to be highly variable and the accuracy of the resulting relationship coefficient (r1-values) is often questioned. The overall aim of the thesis was to identify the source of variability that impacts the relationship coefficient (r1-values) and understand the limitations of the invitro vaccine-matching tests. Therefore, three main factors, thought to contribute to this variability, were investigated: (i) cellular, (ii) serological, and (iii) virus. The experimental design focused on the A/ASIA/Sea-97 lineage; a contemporary virus frequently detected in Southeast Asia that exhibits high antigenic variability in in-vitro vaccine matching tests. The impact of cell replication cycle on virus and neutralisation titres, reflect on the variability of vaccine-matching tests. Thus, it is recommended that fully confluent cells are used to reduce the variability. Further, the source of the variability in the vaccine-matching tests is also attributed to the low of day-to-day repeatability of the serological tests and the inherent differences between individual post vaccinal sera. Consequently, variability in in-vitro vaccine matching assays can be reduced by pooling sera from different animals and performing the tests for field and vaccine viruses simultaneously. Although, measuring different spectrum of antibodies, results obtained using VNT are more inconsistent than those of LPBE. The importance of FMDV antigen integrity on variability of in-vitro vaccine matching tests was shown to be multifactorial; even in related strains, viral capsid dissociates at different temperatures and the level of dissociated capsid particles varies in different viruses. Interestingly, the A-May-97 vaccine virus was found to be more unstable than the field strains. Field evaluation of post vaccination immune response in Peninsular Malaysia indicated that the vaccine used is effective and able to confer protection against the contemporary field virus, despite poor vaccine-matching results. In conclusion, the current serological tests can be useful indicators for vaccine selection; there are simple and affordable but the r1 values need further attention as well as improvement, and, ideally, should be linked to protection.
Antibiotic resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing faecal coliforms in wastewater treatment plant effluent

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) provide optimal conditions for the maintenance and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this work we describe the occurrence of antibiotic resistant faecal coliforms and their mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in the effluent of two urban WWTPs in Ireland. Effluent samples were collected from two WWTPs in Spring and Autumn of 2015 and 2016. The bacterial susceptibility patterns to 13 antibiotics were determined. The phenotypic tests were carried out to identify AmpC or extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers. The presence of ESBL genes were detected by PCR. Plasmids carrying ESBL genes were transformed into Escherichia coli DH5α recipient and underwent plasmid replicon typing to identify incompatibility groups. More than 90% of isolated faecal coliforms were resistant to amoxicillin and ampicillin, followed by tetracycline (up to 39.82%), ciprofloxacin (up to 31.42%) and trimethoprim (up to 37.61%). Faecal coliforms resistant to colistin and imipenem were detected in all effluent samples. Up to 53.98% of isolated faecal coliforms expressed a multi-drug resistance (MRD) phenotype. AmpC production was confirmed in 5.22% of isolates. The ESBL genes were confirmed for 11.84% of isolates (9.2% of isolates carried blaTEM, 1.4% blaSHV-12, 0.2% blaCTX-M-1 and 1% blaCTX-M-15). Plasmids extracted from 52 ESBL isolates were successfully transformed into recipient E. coli. The detected plasmid incompatibility groups included the IncF group, IncI1, IncHI1/2 and IncA/C. These results provide evidence that treated wastewater is polluted with ARB and MDR faecal coliforms and are sources of ESBL-producing, carbapenem and colistin resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Importance Antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) are an emerging environmental concern with a potential impact on human health. The results provide the evidence that treated wastewater is polluted with antibiotic resistant bacteria containing mobile resistance mechanisms of importance to clinical treatment of pathogens and multi-drug resistant (MDR) faecal coliforms. They are sources of relatively high proportions of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, and include carbapenem and colistin resistant Enterobacteriaceae. The significance of this study is the identification of the role of WWTPs as a potential control point to reduce or stop the movement of ESBL, MDR and colistin resistant bacteria into the environment from further upstream sources, such as human or animal waste.
IgE receptor polymorphism predicts divergent, sex-specific inflammatory modes and fitness costs in a wild rodent

Sexual dimorphism is widespread in the animal kingdom, with males and females differing in their physiology, morphology and behaviour. However, relatively little is known about the importance of sex for the expression of genotype in natural populations, particularly in the context of health and disease. We combine data on genotype, immune gene expression, infection incidence and pedigree of individuals in a wild population of field voles (Microtus agrestis). We identify a polymorphism in the Immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptor with sexually dimorphic effects on immune phenotype, health and, ultimately, fitness. While males with the polymorphism upregulate their pro-inflammatory response with a detrimental effect on their reproductive success, females upregulate their anti-inflammatory response, increasing their risk of infection, but with no apparent reproductive cost. Our work demonstrates the potential for the same genetic difference to have profoundly different consequences for the health and fitness of males and females in natural populations.
Effects of heavy metal toxicity on immunological response in the tobacco hornworm, Manduca Sexta

100 200 WORDS): {aMtXC(f>eoi ) ABSTRACT Nodule formation is one of the main cellular mechanisms insects utilize in response to infection. The nodulation reaction accounts for clearing nearly 90% of the bacterial cells from circulation. Furthermore, the nodulation assay is a useful tool for developing an understanding of how insects immune response to challenge. Little is known of environmental effects such as heavy metal toxicity on insect immunity. This study was designed to investigate a variety of heavy metals influence on the cellular immune response of the tobacco homworm, Manduca sexta, to bacterial challenge. The proposed study is a quantitative style. The first of several trials investigated the tolerance of the homworm to the heavy metal toxicity. Selected heavy metals wereNodule formation is one of the main cellular mechanisms insects utilize in response to infection. The nodulation reaction accounts for clearing nearly 90% of the bacterial cells from circulation. Furthermore, the nodulation assay is a useful tool for developing an understanding of how insects immune response to challenge. Little is known of environmental effects such as heavy metal toxicity on insect immunity. This study was designed to investigate a variety of heavy metals influence on the cellular immune response of the tobacco homworm, Manduca sexta, to bacterial challenge. The proposed study is a quantitative style. The first of several trials investigated the tolerance of the homworm to the heavy metal toxicity. Selected heavy metals were dissolved in the insect's artificial diet which was prepared in the laboratory. Data was collected on insect body mass and length, diet consumption and the amount of frass produced. After a sub-lethal level of heavy metal concentration in the diet was determined, the next step was to observe the effects of the heavy metal toxicity in combination with challenge. This portion of the study was performed when the insects reached the fifth instar in their larval development. The insects were then injected with a standard does of bacterium, Serratia marcescens and allowed to incubate for several hours. After incubation, the nodulation assay was performed. The results of this study suggest that some heavy metals may enhance insect cellular immune response to challenge while other heavy metals may impede cellular immune response to challenge.