Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen and fluorine co-doped graphene as a high-performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries

Nitrogen and fluorine co-doped graphene (NFG) with the N and F content as high as 3.24 and 10.9 at% respectively was prepared through the hydrothermal reaction of trimethylamine tri(hydrofluoride) [(C2H5)3N·3HF] and aqueous-dispersed graphene oxide (GO) as the anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The N and F co-doping in graphene increased the disorder and defects of the framework, enlarged the space of the interlayer, wrinkled the nanosheets with many open-edge sites, and thus facilitated Li ion diffusion through the electrode compared with sole-N or F doped graphene. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of NFG demonstrated the presence of active pyridine and pyrrolic type N, and highly electrically conductive graphitic N and the semi-ionic C–F bond in the structure. The N and F doping content and the component types of N and F functional groups could be controlled by the hydrothermal temperature. The NFG prepared at 150 °C exhibited the best electrochemical performances when tested as the anode for LIBs, including the high coulombic efficiency in the first cycle (56.7%), superior reversible specific discharge capacity (1075 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1), excellent rate capabilities (305 mA h g−1 at 5 A g−1), and outstanding cycling stability (capacity retention of ∼95% at 5 A g−1 after 2000 cycles), which demonstrated that NFG was a promising candidate for anode materials of high-rate LIBs.
Concentrated Kondo Systems in Solid Solutions on the Base of Europium Ternary Compounds

The experimental results of the components substitution effect on crystal structure, electronic transport properties, and Eu effective valence in solid solutions based on EuCu2Si2 and EuPd2Si2 ternary compounds are presented. It is shown, that when the Eu effective valence reaches the critical value v = 2.1, corresponding to degeneration of the 4f7 and 4f6 configurations, the condition of the concentrated Kondo system and an essential perturbation of the band electron spectrum near the Fermi level occur. [Russian Text Ignored. ]
On the heat capacities of Ta2AlC, Ti2SC, and Cr2GeC

Herein we report on the heat capacities cp of bulk predominantly single-phase polycrystalline samples of Ti2SC and Cr2GeC in the 3–1500K temperature range and Ta2AlC in the 3–260K range. At temperatures up to 10K the main contributors to cp for Ta2AlC and Cr2GeC are electronic, with electronic coefficients γ of 7.13 and 26.12mJ∕molK2, respectively. The latter is exceptionally high and is a record for this family of layered ternary carbides and nitrides also known as the MAX phases. In Ti2SC another low-temperature contribution—in addition to a γ of 3.8mJ∕molK2—is manifested by an upturn in cp∕T observed at the lowest temperatures. This feature, appearing as a Schottky-like anomaly, has a local maximum near 4.5K and an intensity of ∼1.9×10−2J∕molK. A defect concentration of ∼3×1021∕mol presumably on the S-sublattice, is proposed as the origin of a two-level energy system responsible for this anomaly. As in previous work on these compounds, the lattice contributions to cp in all compounds are analyzed using.
Rotational structure of the origin band in the 1A′ ←X1σ+ electronic transition of C4H− and C4D−

The rotational structure of the origin band for the 1A′←X1σt+ electronic transition, lying just below the electron affinity of C4H, was recorded by means of a two-colour resonant photodetachment technique. This allowed a determination of the rotational constants in the X1σt+ ground and 1A′ dipole bound excited state. The low lying A2II excited state of C4H is inferred to be the parent of the dipole bound state. The excited electronic state is deduced to have a nonlinear planar structure whereas the ground is linear according to the spectral analysis. The rotational constants have been obtained: B′; = 0.1552(2)cm−1 for the X1σt+ state, and A′ = 30.73(1), B′ = 0.1587(2), C′ = 0.1581(2)cm−1 for the 1A′ state.
OPTICAL TECHNIQUES TO ESTIMATE THE RIPENESS OF RED-PIGMENTED FRUITS

During fruit ripening, chlorophyll degradation is responsible for the degreening of the ground color, which is a well-established ripeness indicator for several species. In completely red-pigmented cultivars of fruits such as apples and peaches, this process is not visible, being masked by anthocyanins in the skin. Two different optical systems were developed to non-destructively assess the chlorophyll content in these fruits, to estimate ripeness, and to optimize harvesting and postharvest management. A fluorescence imaging system equipped with a UV-blue actinic light was used to obtain fluorescence images of fruit in which the gray level of pixels correlated (R2 = 0.81) with the firmness of fresh apples (Malus domestica cv. Red Delicious). With this technique it was possible to estimate changes in the firmness and soluble solids sugar content of stored Red Delicious apples undergoing no detectable hue change in the skin. Using the same system with a red actinic light, fluorescence correlated fairly well with firmness for fresh peaches and nectarines (Prunus persica cv. Elegant Lady, Summer Rich, and Morsiani 90), even though the detected fluorescence signal was low in intensity. A laser-diode based, dual-band reflectance probe was developed and tested on fresh peaches (cv. Summer Rich) and stored apples (cv. Royal Gala). The R/IR index, defined as the ratio of the signal measured in red and near-infrared bands, was found to correlate with the chlorophyll content of the fruits (R2 = 0.66), regardless of fruit species and anthocyanin presence. The R/IR index was used to track the postharvest ripening process for fresh peaches harvested at different maturity stages.
Nickel as anode material for the electrochemical production of polysulfides in white liquor

This paper is concerned with new anode materials for the electrochemical oxidation of white liquor. This electrosynthesis process is run in a membrane cell where polysulfide ions are produced in the white liquor of the anode chamber, while a pure sodium hydroxide solution is generated in the cathode chamber: If the noble metal oxide coated anodes that were used in a previous investigation could be successfully replaced by nickel, important reductions in investment costs would be possible. The stability and catalytic activity of nickel as anode material were investigated using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry on rotating disc electrodes, combined with surface analysis. Furthermore, porous nickel was tested in a flow cell, with galvanostatic electrolysis. The results show that nickel has good activity for sulfide oxidation, but a nickel oxide/sulfide surface layer is formed which deactivates the electrode at E greater than or equal to -0.2 V, probably due to the increasing proportion of poorly conducting Ni(II) oxide. Carbon precipitation, and peeling of a thin film of the metal were observed with SEM. High current efficiency and an overpotential of less than 0.2 V were obtained with a porous nickel electrode at a geometric current density of 3 kA m(-2). Corrosion did not appear to be a problem, and nickel should also be suitable as substrate material for more active anode coatings.
Biochemical engineering and biotechnology handbook. [Contains glossary]

The fifteen chapters of this handbook deal with: microbial reaction processes (classification, morphology, life cycles, substances produced by microorganisms, sources of industrial microorganisms, gene manipulation, etc.); thermodynamic aspects of microbial metabolism; stoichiometric aspects of microbial metabolism; microbial activity and product formation; industrially important enzymes; basic configurations of fermenters and enzyme reactors; flow behavior of fermentation fluids; gas-liquid mass transfer; solid and liquid phase mass transfer; heat transfer; separation of microorganism; separation of intracellular products; recovery and purification of products in solution; processes (alcohols, organic acids, amino acids, single cell protein, vitamins, antibiotics, methane, enzymes, microbial leaching of ores); and equipment and instrumentation. (CKK)
Aqueous Stabilization and Self‐Assembly of Graphene Sheets into Layered Bio‐Nanocomposites using DNA

Atomically thick graphene layers produced from graphite reveal unique electro-thermal, and mechanical properties, [1–7] and are considered to have a wide range of applications in nanoelec-tronics, catalysis and biosensing. [1,3,8–10] Graphene monolayers exhibiting exceptional electron/hole carrier mobility have been prepared by mechanical exfoliation of highly ordered pyrolytic graphite, [1,3] by epitaxial growth using chemical vapour deposition of hydrocarbons onto silicon carbide, [11] or via thermal fusion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. [12] These methods are constrained by low yields and processing limitations, and more practical approaches based on the chemical [6,12,13] or thermal [15,16] reduction of exfoliated sheets of oxidised graphite (graphene oxide, GO) have been developed. High yields of GO monolayers, 0.78nm in thickness, can be readily prepared by treatment of graphite under strongly acidic and oxidising conditions.
Effects of Nitrogen Rate and Harvest Moisture Content on Physicochemical Properties and Milling Yields of Rice

Field studies were conducted from 2011 to 2013 near Stuttgart, Arkansas. The impacts of nitrogen rate (0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 kg of N/ha) and harvest moisture content (HMC) (23, 19, and 15%, wet basis) on physicochemical properties and milling yields were determined. Trends were similar for the cultivars evaluated: Cheniere, CL XL745, and Wells. Milled rice yields were only minimally impacted by either N rate or HMC level. Increasing N rate reduced kernel length and thickness of brown rice, chalkiness of brown rice and head rice, and viscosities of head rice flour, and it increased brown rice and head rice crude protein content and head rice yield (HRY). In terms of milling yields and head rice functionality, these data suggest that N rates as low as 90 kg of N/ha could be utilized, should production recommendations be changed. Significant interactions between N rate and HMC level were infrequent and were associated with the 0 kg of N/ha rate, unrealistic for rice production. Decreasing HMC from 23 to 19.
Couplages entre propriétés thermiques, réactivité chimique et viscosité des matériaux composites thermodurcissables en relation avec les conditions de leur élaboration fondée sur l'hystérésis diélectrique

Le procede d'elaboration par chauffage des composites a matrice thermodurcissable est limite par les temps caracteristiques correspondant a la diffusion de la chaleur ; l'utilisation du chauffage par hysteresis dielectrique a montre la solution qu'il etait possible d'apporter a cette limitation. Toutefois, la reduction de la duree de l'operation thermique est fonction de la mise forme du materiau resultant du fluage de la matiere. La these comprend : - premierement les analyses electromagnetiques, chimique et thermique des conditions de mise en uvre du chauffage par hysteresis dielectrique pour des objets en materiau composite a fibres de verre unidirectionnelles, - deuxiemement les caracterisations physiques et chimiques de la matrice (resine epoxydique associee au durcisseur) en fonction de la temperature et en fonction des parametres de son ecoulement. Ces caracterisations comprennent la mesure de viscosite, la mesure de l'avancement de la reaction par DSC, les caracterisations dielectriques, la caracterisation des melanges reactifs par GPC, - troisiemement, l'application de ces analyses a la maitrise du procede. La these conduit a une synthese de l'ensemble des parametres physiques et a leurs interdependances pendant la mise en forme des materiaux.
Commentary: Trajectories and Twists: Perspectives on Marketing Agility from Emerging Markets

Age-old ways of making marketing decisions—caricatured by annual plans, quarterly reports, and inflation-adjusted budgets—are being questioned today, and new, agile, and presumably more effective approaches are being pitched and embraced (see Brown and Eisenhardt 1998; Reis 2011). So it feels timely and right to focus on marketing agility as a research subject, especially as markets are changing dramatically and technology allows us to radically change the way we develop and market products and services. Given this reality, Kalaignanam et al. (2021, hereinafter Kalaignanam et al.) provide a valuable contribution to the field by offering a precise definition of a concept that is—like many concepts that attain buzzword status—too often fuzzily defined and loosely framed. By differentiating marketing agility from other related concepts and highlighting some its drivers and boundary conditions, they have also provided a means for practitioners to think clearly and comprehensively about the concept and to benefit from the insights of others who have implemented the idea. In this commentary, we offer a perspective on Kalaignanam et al. by focusing on digital products in emerging markets. Why? Because just as automakers developing new vehicles assess their robustness and durability in extreme conditions of heat and cold, we aim to assess the robustness and durability of the Kalaignanam et al. perspective on marketing agility in extreme conditions of uncertainty and change. Digital products and emerging markets, for reasons we argue subsequently, represent such extreme conditions in which to assess the idea of marketing agility. Those making decisions in extreme conditions can serve as—to use the memorable phrase of Keynes (1932)—the “advance guard” for others seeking to make agile decisions in periods of great change. Having witnessed and (in the case of Nick Hughes) participated in the dramatic growth of digital products and services in Africa and Asia, we hope to contribute a perspective on marketing agility that assesses and complements Kalaignanam et al. Digital Products in Emerging Markets: Compressed Change and the Agility Imperative
Screening of a charged particle by multivalent counterions in salty water: Strong charge inversion

Screening of a macroion such as a charged solid particle, a charged membrane, double helix DNA, or actin by multivalent counterions is considered. Small colloidal particles, charged micelles, short or long polyelectrolytes can play the role of multivalent counterions. Due to strong lateral repulsion at the surface of the macroion such multivalent counterions form a strongly-correlated liquid, with the short-range order resembling that of a Wigner crystal. These correlations create additional binding of multivalent counterions to the macroion surface with binding energy larger than kBT. As a result even for a moderate concentration of multivalent counterions in the solution, their total charge at the surface of the macroion exceeds the bare macroion charge in absolute value. Therefore, the net charge of the macroion inverts its sign. In the presence of a high concentration of monovalent salt the absolute value of inverted charge can be larger than the bare one. This strong inversion of charge can be observ.
Thermal Expansion Behavior of (Bi0.5Na0.5)Zr1-x Ti x O3 Ceramics

(Bi0.5Na0.5)Zr1-xTixO3 with x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 ceramics were fabricated by a conventional sintering technique at 850–950°C for 2 h. From X-ray diffraction study, three regions of different phases were observed in the ceramic system; i.e., orthorhombic phase region (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2), mixed-phase region (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.4), and rhombohedral phase region (0.5 ≤ x ≤ 0.6). The thermal expansion coefficient data indicated the phase transition in the temperature range from 100°C–150°C of the ceramics. The thermal strain curve of all compositions suggested a decrease of local polarization with temperature increment up to the Burns temperature.
Fractional extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide for the removal of terpenes from citrus oil

Fractional extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide was studied for the preparation of terpeneless citrus oil using a 9 mm i.d. and 1.0 m long packed column with an axial temperature gradient of 0-20 K. The separation of citrus oil model mixture, which consists of limonene, linalool, and citral, was investigated at various column temperature distributions of 313-333 K, pressures of 8.8-11.8 MPa, and CO 2 flow rates of 0.091-0.512 g/s. The selective separation was performed due to the internal reflux in the column induced by an axial temperature gradient. A little increase in pressure or CO 2 flow rate accelerated the extraction rate without decreasing the selectivity. Raw orange oil was processed successfully at a temperature gradient of 20 K, from 313 K at the bottom to 333 K at the top of the column, and a pressure of 8.8 MPa.
Photoresponsive Hydrogel Microstructure Fabricated by Two‐Photon Initiated Polymerization

A photoresponsive polymeric hydrogel cantilever that deflects under illumination has been fabricated by using two-photon three-dimensional lithography. The hydrogel was prepared from a comonomer solution containing acryloylacetone, acrylamide, and N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide. The photoresponse of the cantilever was activated by photoexcitation of acetylacetone groups at 244 nm. Deflection of the cantilever by ∼ 45° was effected upon UV irradiation for 20 min.
Study Of Microbiota Inside The Automobile Cars.

Introduction :The bacteria are transmitted through contact, inhalation, ingestion, inoculation etc . The health care professionals are aware of preventive measures but unaware of most widely used cars as an inanimate/fomite in spite of all preventive measures, the respiratory and skin infections are prevalent in health care professionals , the present study is concerned with the isolation of pathogenic microbiota inside the cars. Material Method : Total 30 cars are include in the study. The samples were collected by swab method in Department of General Pathology & Microbiology, Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital Pune. Result :The study revealed that the pathogenic microbiota were found in the cars especially Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Discussion :These microbes are documented as the potential source of respiratory , skin , soft tissue, urinary tract infection. To conclude the cars needs to be cleaned frequently with disinfectants. [Saxena R et al NJIRM 2013; 4(1) : 34-37]
Single Phase and Two Phase Anaerobic Stabilization in Fluidized Bed Reactors

Pilot plant studies were completed in order to derive information for process design of single and two phase anaerobic fluidized bed systems. A better effluent quality was obtained from the two phase system than from the single phase system at comparable or higher organic loading rates. A full-scale design example is presented to illustrate the implications of the pilot plant results.
Effect of pressure and temperature on CaF2 and ZnO

Simple theory based on the knowledge of Equation of State (EOS) has been developed to study the thermodynamic properties of CaF 2 with fluorite type structure and zinc oxide with wurtzite and rocksalt structure under varying conditions of pressure and temperature. The pressure and temperature dependence of V / V 0 , thermal expansivity and isothermal bulk modulus, has been computed. The results are compared with the available experimental data. A good agreement obtained between theory and experiment supports the validity of the present approach.
Making Play Smarter, Stronger, and Kinder: Lessons from Tools of the Mind.

Although most early-childhood educators agree on the value of play in child development, they find it increasingly harder to advocate for play given today’s pressure for academic achievement. Using the theoretical work of Lev Vygotsky, the authors discuss how make-believe play among children helps them develop skills critical for success in school and beyond. They discuss the strategies of the Tools of the Mind curriculum that scaffold mature make-believe play, and they demonstrate how Sesame Street and Esme and Roy, shows from Sesame Workshop, help parents and teachers use these strategies with children.
Nitrogênio e abundância natural de 15N em agregados do solo no bioma Cerrado

O nitrogenio (N) pode ser considerado um dos elementos que possui uma das dinâmicas mais pronunciadas no sistema solo-planta-atmosfera. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os teores de N, a abundância natural de δ 15 N e a agregacao do solo em quatro usos da terra: pastagem (PA), plantio convencional (SPC), plantio direto (SPD) e Cerradao (CE). As areas estao localizadas em Rio Verde (GO) em um Latossolo Vermelho distrofico argiloso. Foram coletadas seis amostras por area, nas camadas 0-5, 5-10 e 10-20 cm para determinacao da quantidade de agregados estaveis em agua (micro, macro e agregados > 2,00 mm), o diâmetro medio ponderado (DMP) e geometrico (DMG), alem dos teores e estoques de N e analises isotopicas das abundâncias naturais de δ 15 N. A conversao do Cerrado em diferentes usos ocasionou mudancas negativas nos teores de N (0-5 e 5-10 cm) e na agregacao do solo (exceto na PA). Entre os sistemas de manejo, o SPD apresentou o maior teor de N no solo e nas classes > 2,00 mm e macroagregados (0-5 cm). A agregacao apresentou correlacao com os teores de N, enquanto as analises isotopicas de δ 15 N nas amostras das areas de CE e PA indicaram maior sensibilidade do N nos agregados > 2,00 mm e macroagregados, significando que a preservacao dessas classes pode levar a aumento nos teores de N no solo.
Metastatic Thyroid Lump - A Dangerous Entity

Thyroid gland being at the receiving end of metastasis from a lung primary is an extremely unusual entity. The presentation is often subject to misdiagnosis and requires coordination on different departmental levels for proper and vigorous management. We report an uncommon clinical picture of a non- thyroid primary malignancy to shed light on importance of the same.
Efeitos de interação entre cadeias na transição pólaron-bipólaron em polímeros condutores

We investigate the effects of interchain interaction on the polaron-bipolaron transition on conjugated polymer. We use the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model combined with the Extended Hubbard model modified to include interchain interaction, and an external electric field. We study the dynamics within the Time-Dependent Unrestricted HartreeFock approximation. We find that removing an electron from interacting conducting polymer chains bearing a single positively charged polaron leads to the direct transition of polaron to bipolaron state. The transition which is produced is single-polaron to bipolaron transition whose excitation spectrum explains the experimental data. The competing mechanism of two polarons merging to form a bipolaron is also observed under special circumstances. We also find that depending on how fast the electron is removed, a structure that contains a bipolaron coupled to a breather is created. The bipolaron-breather pair can be decoupled under the action of an external electric field.
Near-Infrared Emitting Heterobinuclear Zn-Ln (Ln = Nd, Yb, Er,and Gd) Complexes Based on a Novel Asymmetric Schiff-Base Ligand

With the asymmetric Schiff-base zinc complex ZnL (H2L = N-(5-bromo-3-methoxysalicylidene)-N'-(5-(4-cyanophenyl)-3-methoxysalicylidene) phenylene-1,2-diamine) as the precursor, a series of heterobinuclear Zn-Ln complexes [ZnLnL(NO3)3(CH3CN)] (Ln = Nd, 1; Ln = Yb, 2; Ln = Er, 3; Ln = Gd, 4) are synthesized by the further reaction with Ln (NO3)3·6H2O, and characterized by FT-IR, FAB-MS and elementary analysis. Photophysical studies of these complexes show that the strong and characteristic NIR luminescence of Nd3+, Yb3+and Er3+ with emissive lifetimes in the microsecond range has been sensitized from the excited state of the asymmetric Schiff-base ligand due to effective intramolecular energy transfer.