Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A sensory-motor linguistic framework for human activity understanding

We empirically discovered that the space of human actions has a linguistic structure. This is a sensory-motor space consisting of the evolution of joint angles of the human body in movement. The space of human activity has its own phonemes, morphemes, and sentences. We present a Human Activity Language (HAL) for symbolic non-arbitrary representation of sensory and motor information of human activity. This language was learned from large amounts of motion capture data. Kinetology, the phonology of human movement, finds basic primitives for human motion (segmentation) and associates them with symbols (symbolization). This way, kinetology provides a symbolic representation for human movement that allows synthesis, analysis, and symbolic manipulation. We introduce a kinetological system and propose five basic principles on which such a system should be based: compactness, view-invariance, reproducibility, selectivity, and reconstructivity. We demonstrate the kinetological properties of our sensory-motor primitives. Further evaluation is accomplished with experiments on compression and decompression of motion data. The morphology of a human action relates to the inference of essential parts of movement (morpho-kinetology) and its structure (morpho-syntax). To learn morphemes and their structure, we present a grammatical inference methodology and introduce a parallel learning algorithm to induce a grammar system representing a single action. The algorithm infers components of the grammar system as a subset of essential actuators, a CFG grammar for the language of each component representing the motion pattern performed in a single actuator, and synchronization rules modeling coordination among actuators. The syntax of human activities involves the construction of sentences using action morphemes. A sentence may range from a single action morpheme (nuclear syntax) to a sequence of sets of morphemes. A single morpheme is decomposed into analogs of lexical categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. The sets of morphemes represent simultaneous actions (parallel syntax) and a sequence of movements is related to the concatenation of activities (sequential syntax). We demonstrate this linguistic framework on real motion capture data from a large scale database containing around 200 different actions corresponding to English verbs associated with voluntary meaningful observable movement.
Moving a step forward to promote patient safety and quality of care in Europe

Improving safety and quality of care has always been at the heart of national, European and international policies. The premises of such concern have their roots in the times of the Greek physician Hippocrates of Cos, about the 4th century BC, with the directive primum non nocere (“first do no harm”). [. ]
Vers une différenciation des trajectoires de forte croissance (FC continue vs FC discontinue)

Le focus des scientifiques et des politiques se porte assez volontiers sur les cas de forte croissance (FC) continue, les « gazelles de course » definies comme des entreprises affichant quatre annees successives de forte croissance (selon la definition proposee par Birch, 1979). L’Etat, en soutenant ces travaux et ces trajectoires, voit la certainement un moyen de rencontrer rapidement ses propres objectifs (de puissance industrielle, d’exportation, d’emploi, etc.). Cependant, ce focus sur la FC continue ne contribue-t-il pas, d’une part, a faconner une vision erronee du developpement d’une PME, vue comme « une forme organisationnelle qui doit necessairement grossir rapidement pour devenir une ETI (Entreprise de Taille Intermediaire) », et d’autre part, a alimenter des raisonnements simplistes tels que « les firmes qui croissent fortement en continu sont plus performantes que les autres » ? De fait, peu d’etudes realisees sur le theme de la FC traitent de son aspect continu ou discontinu. Qu’en est-il exactement de la superiorite d’un processus continu sur un processus discontinu ? Un processus discontinu presente-t-il d’autres atouts ? Les entreprises gerant une FC discontinue ont-elles les memes caracteristiques et capacites que ces « gazelles » ? Afin de mieux comprendre la nature des differences entre ces deux processus de croissance, cet article propose de comparer un echantillon d’entreprises en FC continue, correspondant classiquement a la notion de gazelles, un echantillon en FC discontinue, ainsi qu’un echantillon temoin sans croissance, sur des variables demographiques (âge et taille) et des variables financieres (l’acces aux ressources financieres et la performance financiere). Cette analyse descriptive preliminaire permet de constater que la forte croissance continue et la forte croissance discontinue ne necessitent pas les memes dispositifs d’aides de la part des organismes publics et ouvre des perspectives d’approfondissement.
Energy efficient cooperative caching based on clustering in mobile ad hoc networks

Data caching is a common technique used to improve the performance of data access in ad hoc networks. However, it is difficult to cache all queried data items in a node due to the limited cache space on the node. Cooperative caching, which allows the sharing of cached data among multiple nodes, can improve the performance of data access. In this paper, the energy-efficient cooperative caching scheme based on clustering is proposed. In the scheme, the nodes in the ad hoc network are distinguished into several clusters on the use of the access pattern similarity and the distance of nodes. In the cluster, the leader considers each node's leftover energy, available cache space and the access probability of data to perform cooperative caching. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme increased the hit ratio and spend less energy when compared to other caching schemes.
A Low-Voltage Low-Power Opamp-Less 8-bit 1-MS/s Pipelined ADC in 90-nm CMOS Technology

This paper presents an 8-bit pipelined analog-to-digital converter. The supply voltage applied for comparators and other sub-blocks of the ADC were 0.7V and 0.5V, respectively. This low power ADC utilizes the capacitive charge pump technique combined with a source-follower and calibration to resolve the need for the opamp. The differential charge pump technique does not require any common mode feedback circuit. The entire structure of the ADC is based on fully dynamic circuits that enable the design of a very low power ADC. The ADC was designed to operate at 1MS/s in 90nm CMOS process, where simulated results using ADS2011 show the peak SNDR and SFDR of the ADC to be 47.8 dB (7.64 ENOB) and 59 dB respectively. The ADC consumes less than 1mW for all active dynamic and digital circuitries.
WHY DO IT THAT WAY? RHYTHMIC MODELS AND MOTIFS IN KOREAN PERCUSSION BANDS

examination of Chindo bands demonstrates rhythmic modelling in local village rituals. Rhythmic models are usually described in terms of shibi ch'ae, but I make a distinction between these simple patterns and the more complex marches and dances that typify musicians who today play primarily for entertainment. Professional musicians do retain root models, as changdan (rhythmic cycles), which underpin most Korean court and folk music, but their pieces rely more on the linear development of individually distinct motifs. I conclude that this elaborate and complex linear development of rhythmic ideas in Korean bands has implications for Western techniques of analyzing rhythms.
Kaymak Tabakası Oluşumuna Fiziko-Kimyasal Faktörlerin Etkileri

Bu calismanin amaci; Konya- Saricalar deneme istasyonu topraklarindaki kabuk baglama probleminin nedenini belirlemek ve cozum onerileri getirmektir. Bu amacla deneme arazisinde farkli 3 adet profil acilmistir. Farkli noktalardan ve derinliklerden alinan 15 toprak ornegin cesitli fiziksel ve kimyasal analizlere tabi tutulmus ve bulunan sonuclar istatistiki olarak degerlendirilmistir. Buna gore kirilma degeri ile % silt, %porozite ve suda cozunebilir potasyum kapsamlari arasinda pozitif, kutle yogunlugu, buzulme siniri, agregat stabilitesi, amonyum asetata cozunebilir ve degisebilir Ca+Mg icerikleri arasinda ise negatif onemli iliskiler bulunmustur. Coklu regresyon analizlerinde ise kirilma degeri ile buzulme siniri + amonyum asetatta cozunebilen Ca+Mg arasinda %84 aciklama yuzdesine sahip onemli iliski bulunmustur. Regresyon analizi sonuclarindan anlasilacagi gibi, calisma alani topraklarinin kirilma degerlerindeki degiskenlikleri aciklamada etkili olan toprak ozellilerinin buzulme siniri ve amonyum asetatta cozunebilen Ca+Mg icerikleri oldugu anlasilmaktadir. Soz konusu topraklarda kaymak tabakasi probleminin onune gecilebilmesi icin toprak organik madde miktarinin arttirilmasi, toprak uzerinde mekanizasyon faaliyetlerin minimum duzeyle sinirlandirilmasi ve toprak agregasyonuna olumsuz etkisi olabilecek her turlu faaliyetin azaltilmasi gerekmektedir.
A Dynamical Systems Approach to Visual Attention Based on Saliency Maps

Saliency maps provide a biologically plausible model of visual attention based on parallel preattentive features. The goal of past research with saliency maps often is to find regions of interest in a scene under various conditions or top-down effects. Recent publications suggest learning the significance of preattentive feature from visual scanpaths. Our research implements a computational model of saliency maps based on dynamical systems and then proposes a method of recovering feature weights from points of focal attention. Performance of the learning model is evaluated by comparing learnt focal attention to the training data. Finally, suggestions are made for improving the learning system during future research.
RESULTS OF REMOVAL OF ACOUSTIC TUMORS BY THE UNILATERAL APPROACH

If any neurologic surgeon were asked to name the most difficult tumor to extirpate, his answer would doubtless be "the acoustic tumor. " Until recent years the surgical removal of this type of growth appeared to be almost impossible. In 1917 no less an authority than Cushing1wrote: "I doubt very much, unless some more perfected method is devised, whether one of these tumors can with safety be totally enucleated. " He was content with removal of the interior of the tumor, by which life could be prolonged, although recurrence was inevitable. Nor could there be any question of the wisdom of his course, for the mortality following total removal at that time was nearly 100 per cent. Successful complete removals of tumors of this type by all of the world's brain surgeons at that time could be counted on the fingers of one hand. It seemed incredible that a perfectly
Abstract PD03-02: A Randomized Pre-Surgical Trial of Metformin in Breast Cancer. Preliminary Feasibility and Safety Results

Background: Metformin has been associated with decreased breast cancer (BC) incidence in diabetic patients in epidemiological studies. Moreover, this drug results in initiation of an AMPK-dependent energy stress response which can adversely affect survival of breast cancer cell lines and inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling leading to reduced proliferation of BC cell lines. Methods: We conducted a randomized, pre-surgical, phase IIb, placebo-controlled, biomarker trial in women with stage I-III BC candidate to elective surgery. The primary endpoint was the change in cell proliferation in malignant, dysplastic and hyperplastic tissue as measured by Ki-67 labeling index (LI). With 150 subjects, the study was 80% powered to test for the interaction between metformin activity and ER status. Two interim analyses are being planned after 100 and 200 women enrolled. Results: As of June 18, 2010, 175 subjects have been randomized and 162 have completed treatment. Here we report data on the first 100 women enrolled. At the symposium, full data on the first 200 women enrolled will be available. As of December 31, 2009, a total of 163 women were screened, 26 were not eligible and 40 refused to participate, 6 dropped out during the study for AEs (n=2) or refusal to continue treatment (n=4), thus leaving 95 subjects assessable for the primary endpoint. The main subject and tumor characteristics blinded as to the allocated arm were mean age 52 (31-77), Pre/postmenopause, 54/41, mean BMI, 23.6 (18.0-40.2). At baseline, median Ki-67LI was 18% (range 4%-65%) at biopsy and 19% (4%-70%) after 4 weeks at surgery. All adverse events except for 1 SAE were grade 1 or 2, consisting of G2 nausea and G2 diarrhea in 4% and 6% of the cases, respectively. The prevalence of ductal intraepithelial neoplasia was 91% (median Ki-67 LI, 10%) in samples both adjacent and distant from the tumor, whereas the prevalence of ductal hyperplasia was 77% (median Ki-67LI, 2%) in samples distant from the tumor. Conclusions: Our preliminary results show the feasibility, high compliance and safety of a metformin trial in breast cancer patients. Assessment of tissue and circulating biomarkers is currently ongoing to characterize the whole spectrum of metformin activity in malignant and dysplastic tissue. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD03-02.
Opthalmology : an illustrated colour text

Basic Principles Anatomy and physiology - outer eye Anatomy and physiology - inner eye Relations and connections: orbit and visual pathways Human sight The ophthalmic history The ophthalmic examination Special investigations Ocular pathology Ocular pharmacology Genetics Diseases Eyelids: blepharitis, dermatitis and lumps Eyelids: abnormalities of position Tear secretion and drainage Episcleritis and scleritis The orbit Conjunctiva: infective inflammation Conjunctiva - non-infective inflammation Cornea: dystrophies and degenerations Glaucoma: primary open angle Glaucoma: angle closure and other types Iritis Posterior uveitis The lens Ocular fundus: diabetic retinopathy - macular problems Ocular fundus: retinal vascular occlusions Ocular fundus: other retinal vascular disorders Ocular fundus: macular degenerations Ocular fundus: hereditary posterior segment disease Ocular fundus: retinal detachment Optic disc swelling and optic atrophy Intraocular tumours Strabismus: childhood Strabismus: adult Unequal and abnormal pupils Trauma: eyelids, orbit and head Trauma: the eyeball Neonatal conjunctivitis Special topics in ophthalmology Correcting refractive errors HIV and the eye Tropical ophthalmology Epidemiology and the functional implications of visual handicap Ophthalmic surgery Lasers in ophthalmology Clinical decision-making Gradual visual loss Sudden visual loss The acute red eye Trauma The squinting child "Spots before eyes" Irritable eyes Double vision Directory of interest groups
The Use of Forgiveness Therapy with Female Survivors of Abuse

Three intervention studies focusing on the psychology of forgiveness for women who have been abused are reviewed. All three incorporated the process model of forgiveness, used randomized assignment to experimental and control groups, and examined effectiveness through pre-test, post-test, and follow-up assessments. All three were conducted by different interveners. Results show that forgiveness is an effective way of restoring psychological health following abuse as well as increasing forgiveness toward the offender. For example, in Freedman and Enright’s study with incest survivors, the experimental group showed a significantly greater reduction in anxiety, state anxiety, trait anxiety, and depression, and a greater increase in forgiving the perpetrator, and in hope. Similar results were found in Reed and Enright’s study with women who experienced spousal emotional abuse. Participants who received Forgiveness Therapy, compared to an alternative therapy, demonstrated a statistically significantly greater increase in forgiving the former abusive partner, in self-esteem, in environmental mastery (everyday decisions), and in finding meaning in suffering (moral decisions), and a statistically significantly greater reduction in trait anxiety, in depression, and in post-traumatic stress symptoms. Lee and Enright’s study with women with fibromyalgia, who experienced parental abuse in childhood, additionally shows that forgiveness, can help alleviate physical symptoms as well as psychological symptoms. Specifically, the forgiveness intervention participants had greater improvements in forgiveness and overall fibromyalgia health from pretest to the post-test, and in forgiveness and state anger from the pretest to the follow-up test than the fibromyalgia health intervention participants.
Tratamiento temprano de maloclusiones clase II tratado con Activador Abierto Elástico de Klammt (AAEK). Reporte de caso

Resumen: TEl tratamiento de las maloclusiones en edades tempranas es cada dia mas frecuente en la odontologia actual. La ortopedia funcional de los maxilares proporciona diferentes terapias que facilitan la correccion de las maloclusiones para permitir que nuestros pacientes encuentren una optima funcion en los estadios de desarrollo y evitar que las alteraciones estructurales y funcionales se perpetuen. Los aparatos ortopedicos funcionales permiten de una manera rapida y eficiente la solucion de diferentes alteraciones maxilares que acompanados de una atencion funcional integral del paciente permiten la correccion de la maloclusion. El activador abierto elastico de Klammt (AAEK) fue disenado por el Dr. George Klammt en Alemania hace ya mas de 50 anos, es una buena eleccion para la correccion temprana de las maloclusiones clase II sustentando el tratamiento en un adecuado diagnostico integral. Rev. Estomat. 2009; 17(1):23-29. Palabras clave: Tratamiento temprano. Maloclusion clase II. Activador. Summary: Treatment of malocclusions at early ages is more frequent in modern dentistry. The maxillar functional orthopaedics provides different therapeutic that facilitate the correction of malocclusion allowing patients to reach during child development. The functional orthopaedic devices allow the correction of different maxillary alterations in a fast and efficient way. This is accompanied by integral and functional attention of the patient, to obtain the correction of the maloclussion. The Elastic Open Activator of Klammt (AAEK) was designed by George Klammt in Germany more than 50 years ago, and it is a good election for the early correction of the class II malocclusions supporting the treatment in right diagnosis. Key words: Early childhood caries. Dmf. ICDAS.
Pattern formation in spatially extended nonlinear systems: Toward a foundation for meaning in symbolic forms

This paper brings together observations from a variety of fields to point toward what the author believes to be the most promising computational approach to the modeling of brain-like symbol formation, unifying perceptual and linguistic domains under a common computational physics. It brings Cassirer’s Gestalt era evolutionary theory of language and symbolic thought to the attention of the situated cognition community, and describes how recent observations in experimental brain dynamics and computational approaches can be brought to bear on the problem. Research by the author and others in oscillatory network models of ambiguous perception with an attentional component is emphasised as a starting point for exploring increasingly complex pattern formation processes leading to simple forms of linguistic performance. These forms occupy a space between iconic representations and grammar. The dynamic pattern network framework suggests that to separate perception, representation or models and action in a realis.
Comparison of therapeutic effects of monotherapy of chlorpromazine, risperidone and their combination in newly diagnosed schizophrenic patients

Background: This study evaluates and compares how negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia were influenced with monotherapy with a first-generation anti-psychotic medication (Chlorpromazine) and a second generation anti-psychotic medication (Risperidone) and by their combination, both of which are commonly used in clinical psychiatric practice.Methods: It was randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical study performed in Indian newly diagnosed schizophrenic patients in the Department of psychiatry from Feb 2003 to March 2004. Patients 18 (eighteen) patients aged 20 to 60 years diagnosed schizophrenics according to ICD-10 Criteria who visited in outpatient department of psychiatry during study period. Three groups of 6 Patient each, group-1 - was treated with oral Chlorpromazine 100 mg 12 hly, group -2 - was treated with oral Risperidone 2mg 12 hly group 3 -was treated with combination of oral Chlorpromazine 100mg 12 hly + oral Risperidone 2 mg 12 hly. How symptomatology in schizophrenic patients affected, is measured by applying various validated psychiatric scales like Brief psychiatric Rating Score (BPRS), Scale for assessment of positive symptom(SAPS), and Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). Results: the study showed that the combination therapy of oral Chlorpromazine 100 mg 12 hly + Risperidone 2mg 12 hly had reduced the overall beneficial effects which were achieved with monotherapy of both the drugs.Conclusions: In this study, the therapeutic effects of combination of oral Chlorpromazine 100 mg 12 hly + Risperidone 2 mg 12 hly found to be reduced on positive symptoms and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, assessed on SAPS and SANS scoring scales when compared with beneficial effects which were achieved with monotherapy of both the drugs.
Haematological profile of Saudi newborns

Background and Purposes: Normal haematological values for Saudi newborns are lacking and the reference values used in most Saudi hospitals are primarily of Western origin. A study was designed to determine the haematological parameters, namely white blood count, red blood count, haemoglobin, haematocrit, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, platelet count, red cell distribution width and reticulocyte count in a large group of Saudi neonates delivered at King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh during the period of 1988-89. Materials and methods: To establish normal values, haematological analyses were performed on 2433 (1202 M; 1231 F) clinically normal consecutive Saudi newborns who had a gestational age ranging from 37 to 42 weeks, normal apgar score and birthweight, mean cell volume ≥ 100 fl, normal haemoglobin electrophoretic pattern, without G6PD deficiency, hyperbilirubinaemia and ABO incompatibility
Non-urgent use of the emergency department: A quantitative evaluation from a patient perspective

Abstract The objectives of this study are twofold: to investigate the reasons why patients considered as non-urgent by physicians visit the emergency department, and to explore the relationship between patients' perceived urgency and the factors in the behavioural model of utilisation. This cross-sectional study develops a survey instrument to assess the predisposing, enabling and need factors affecting patients' perceived urgency. In order to identify the independent variables associated with the perceptions of urgency, a multiple logistic regression model is used. According to the results, two-thirds of patients perceive their problem as urgent. Level of pain and duration of complaint are found to be significant factors affecting patients' perceptions. For patients perceiving their problem as non-urgent, the most common reasons for visiting an emergency department include infections, dressings and the like. The findings support the general conclusion that the definition of urgency differs for patients and health professionals. The reasons why patients with non-urgent problems use emergency departments in Turkey include problems attached to primary healthcare facilities, crowded outpatient clinics, difficulty getting outpatient appointments and accessibility problems due to working hours.