Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Informality in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 1

Ethiopian cities play an increasingly important role in economic development, both in creating value added per person and in providing a better quality of life. However, a large part of the city – the informal sector – performs much worse. This paper assesses the state of informality in Addis Ababa based on a broad definition, considering informal businesses, employment, housing, land services. We conclude that all households take part in informality as consumers and/or producers, with very high levels of informality in employment, services, land and housing. Informal businesses contribute 26% of urban employment, with relatively low and decreasing value added per person. The informal sector comprises those in exclusionary informality – where the poor resort to informality as a last resort – and those in voluntary informality – where businesses and households opt for informality based on a costbenefit analysis. Most informality in Addis Ababa is exclusionary. The small group of businesses and households that are voluntary experience both benefits and costs. With most informality being exclusionary, formalization will not free up hidden reserves and boost the economy. As informal businesses offer services that the government can not deliver, we discuss incorporating informality into the fabric of the city. Instead of ignoring or controlling informality, formal institutions can work with informal land speculators and businesses – whom have proven to be successful – in offering services and infrastructure.
Initial growth rates of Charolais cross and Hereford cross steer and heifer calves on two methods of rearing

Over 3 years a total of 204 bucket-reared calves (from Holstein/Friesian dams) and 187 suckled calves (from Hereford × Friesian dams) were monitored during the first 9 or 6 months of life respectively. Within each rearing system there were approximately equal numbers of calves sired by Charolais and Hereford bulls and also about equal numbers of heifer and steer calves. All breeds and sexes within each rearing system were managed as a single group. Differences in daily live-weight gain from arrival (January) for the bucket-reared calves and from birth (April) for the suckled calves through to the autumn were significantly different at 0·66 and 1·01 kg/day respectively ( P P The results suggest that when animals are reared on the same plane of nutrition and given similar management, differences in initial growth rate between early and late maturing breeds and sexes may be less than those perceived by commercial producers the views of whom are influenced by the fact that the types are often managed differently in practice.
Risk relevance of fair value income measures under IAS 39 and IAS 40

Purpose – This paper seeks to examine the risk relevance of fair value income measures under IAS 39 and IAS 40.Design/methodology/approach – The study sample comprises Jordanian insurance companies. Data were collected from two main sources: Jordanian insurance companies' annual reports, and the official website of the Amman Stock Exchange. The study begins by investigating the volatility of four income measures, calculated by including and excluding holding gains or losses of financial instruments and property investments. Then it examines the association between its four income volatility measures and one stock market‐based risk factor, in order to provide evidence on the risk‐related information content of each income volatility measure.Findings – Income based on fair values reflects income volatility more than historical cost‐based income. It is also found that income is (not) more volatile with the recognition of unrealized fair value gains/losses on financial instruments (investment property). Resul.
The Marketing of Services: Managing the Intangibles

Investigates the concept of product intangibility, considers its implications for marketing, and examines the way in which managers view intangibility and cope with its marketing consequences. Draws on existing literature and results of interviews with managers in service industries across a broad range. Provides evidence which strongly suggests that product intangibility has a profound effect on the marketing of services. Suggests, also, that there is a lack of guidance for service managers in relation to tackling the problems and making use of the opportunities created by intangible products. Proposes that marketing needs to address these problems by suitably adapting existing tools and providing new concepts to explain and manage intangibility correctly.
Cell Cycle Reentry and Cell Proliferation as Candidates for the Seizure Predispositions in the Hippocampus of EL Mouse Brain

Summary: We have recently found that there was DNA fragmentation without cell loss in the hippocampus in EL mice, an epileptic mutant. Neurotrophic factors are also expressed at high levels during the early developmental stages. In the present study, we used EL mice to examine how altered cyclin and the corresponding cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) family are related to cell proliferation during development and during epileptogenesis. Developmental changes of cyclin family and corresponding CDK family (cyclin D/CDK‐4, cyclin E/CDK‐2, cyclin A/CDK‐2, cyclin A/CDK‐1, cyclin B/CDK‐1) were examined by Western blotting in the hippocampus of EL mice and in nonepileptic control animals (DDY mice). In addition, we attempted to quantify cell proliferation during this period. The developmental changes in cell proliferation were determined by using systemic injections of Bromo‐deoxyUridine (BrdU) to label dividing cells. As compared with the control DDY mice, EL mice show an upregulation of cell cycle specific Cyclins/CDKs during early developmental stages suggesting that reentry into the cell cycle is enhanced prior to the onset of seizure activity, possibly due to the abundance of neurotrophic factors. These results show that Cyclins/CDKs are activated during early stages of development in an epileptic animal, before the mouse exhibits seizures. These results suggest that reentry of cells into the cell cycle, with consequent cell proliferation in the hippocampus, contribute to the seizure predispositions of EL mice.
Scores on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children in a Longitudinal Study of Pubertal Spanish Youth

Changes in scores on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children for a sample of 534 pubertal adolescents were longitudinally studied over a period of 4 years. Biological development and other variables were investigated. For the 310 boys, A-trait scores decreased significantly with age. The 224 girls showed significantly higher scores than boys in all years of the study. No significant relationship was found between anxiety and pubertal maturity. The year-to-year persistence in symptomatology of anxiety ranged between 55.6% and 66.1% for girls and between 48.5% and 53.1% for boys. Girls showed b1- and tri-annual persistence between 31% and 50%, and boys between 13% and 27% Neuroticism scores formed the best predictor of A-trait scores. Symptomatology of anxiety is not transient during early adolescence, so personality may provide a risk indicator in the development of anxiety.
3D inductance and impedance determination taking skin effect into account

A new formulation to calculate the internal and external inductances, the resistance, the Joules losses and the cut frequency in a 3D circular cross-section coil structure, with or without skin effect is presented. The formulation is obtained from the Maxwell's wave equations. The results are presented in graphical form as function of frequency and/or radius wire
Drosophila DREF acting via the JNK pathway is required for thorax development

The Drosophila Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) gene basket (bsk) promoter contains a DNA replication‐related element (DRE)‐like sequence, raising the possibility of regulation by the DNA replication‐related element‐binding factor (DREF). Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays with anti‐DREF IgG showed the bsk gene promoter region to be effectively amplified. Luciferase transient expression assays revealed the DRE‐like sequence to be important for bsk gene promoter activity, and knockdown of DREF decreased the bsk mRNA level and the bsk gene promoter activity. Furthermore, knockdown of DREF in the notum compartment of wing discs by pannier‐GAL4 and UAS‐DREFIR resulted in a split thorax phenotype. Monitoring of JNK activity in the wing disc by LacZ expression in a puckered (puc)‐LacZ enhancer trap line revealed the reduction in DREF knockdown clones. These findings indicate that DREF is involved in regulation of Drosophila thorax development via actions on the JNK pathway. genesis 50:599–611, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reduced lopinavir exposure during pregnancy

Background:Optimal antiretroviral exposure during pregnancy is critical for prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission and for maternal health. Pregnancy can alter antiretroviral pharmacokinetics. Our objective was to describe lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) pharmacokinetics during pregnancy. Methods:We performed intensive steady-state 12-h pharmacokinetic profiles of lopinavir and ritonavir (three capsules: LPV 400 mg/r 100 mg) at 30–36 weeks gestation and 6–12 weeks postpartum. Maternal and umbilical cord blood samples were obtained at delivery. We measured LPV and ritonavir by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Target LPV area under concentration versus time curve (AUC) was ≥ 52 μg h/ml, the estimated 10th percentile LPV AUC in non-pregnant historical controls (mean AUC = 83 μg h/ml). Results:Seventeen women completed antepartum evaluations; average gestational age was 35 weeks. Geometric mean antepartum LPV AUC was 44.4 μg h/ml [90% confidence interval (CI), 38.7–50.9] and 12-h post-dose concentration (C12h) was 1.6 μg/ml (90% CI, 1.1–2.5). Twelve women completed postpartum evaluations; geometric mean LPV AUC was 65.2 μg h/ml (90% CI, 49.7–85.4) and C12h was 4.6 μg/ml (90% CI, 3.7–5.7). The geometric mean ratio of antepartum/postpartum LPV AUC was 0.72 (90% CI, 0.54–0.96). Fourteen of 17 (82%) pregnant and three of 12 (25%) postpartum women did not meet our target LPV AUC. The ratio of cord blood/maternal LPV concentration in ten paired detectable samples was 0.2 ± 0.13. Conclusions:LPV/r exposure during late pregnancy was lower compared to postpartum and compared to non-pregnant historical controls. Small amounts of lopinavir cross the placenta. The pharmacokinetics, safety, and effectiveness of increased LPV/r dosing during the third trimester of pregnancy should be investigated.
Stakeholder influences on sustainability practices in the Canadian forest products industry

We examined how managers' perceptions of different types of stakeholder influences in the Canadian forestry industry affect the types of sustainability practices that their firms adopt. Both influences involving withholding of resources by social and ecological stakeholders and those involving directed usage of resources from economic stakeholders were found to drive such practices. We found that the industry and its stakeholders have moved beyond a focus on early stages of sustainability performance such as pollution control and eco-efficiency. However, more advanced practices, such as those involving the redefinition of business and industrial ecosystems where firms locate in a region so that they can exchange and utilize wastes generated by other firms, are in their infancy. Stakeholders and firms in the industry are focused on the intermediate sustainability phases involving recirculation of materials and redesign of processes including sustainable harvesting of lumber. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elite Sport Development Strategy through Systems View and Sport Development Model

The purpose of this research was to establish elite sport development strategies to solve crucial problems which hinder the advancement of the elite sport in a local government. In order to set the strategy, elite sport system was analyzed with a systems view and sport development model. The analysis was guided by the multiple case study method. The five different sport subsystems analyzed were sport organization, budget, facilities, policies, and publicities. Finally, the TOWS matrix was used to set the strategies which were induced by key situational factors.
The cost and process of implementing RFID technology to manage and control returnable transport items

The purpose of this paper is to explore and describe the costs and process of implementing radio frequency identification (RFID) technology to manage and control the rotation of returnable transport items. Owing to the novelty of using RFID in logistics and supply chain management, in-depth case studies were conducted at two global firms in the retail industry to investigate how and why organisations implement and assess RFID technology. These case studies provide insights into how RFID benefits have been attainable in practice, and indicate that the cost of introducing RFID technology is not generally a barrier. As a result, this paper proposes an inductively derived stage model of the RFID implementation process. In this, implications for management are identified and discussed to guide managers in the process of implementing RFID technology.
Effect of Subliminal Lexical Priming on the Subjective Perception of Images: A Machine Learning Approach

The purpose of the study is to examine the effect of subliminal priming in terms of the perception of images influenced by words with positive, negative, and neutral emotional content, through electroencephalograms (EEGs). Participants were instructed to rate how much they like the stimuli images, on a 7-point Likert scale, after being subliminally exposed to masked lexical prime words that exhibit positive, negative, and neutral connotations with respect to the images. Simultaneously, the EEGs were recorded. Statistical tests such as repeated measures ANOVAs and two-tailed paired-samples t-tests were performed to measure significant differences in the likability ratings among the three prime affect types; the results showed a strong shift in the likeness judgment for the images in the positively primed condition compared to the other two. The acquired EEGs were examined to assess the difference in brain activity associated with the three different conditions. The consistent results obtained confirmed the overall priming effect on participants’ explicit ratings. In addition, machine learning algorithms such as support vector machines (SVMs), and AdaBoost classifiers were applied to infer the prime affect type from the ERPs. The highest classification rates of 95.0% and 70.0% obtained respectively for average-trial binary classifier and average-trial multi-class further emphasize that the ERPs encode information about the different kinds of primes.
A low cost fully autonomous GPS (Global Positioning System) based quad copter for disaster management

With the advent of real life applications in the fields of public safety like disaster management and defence, Quad copter is becoming more and more popular. Quad copter does not require any traffic signal; it can fly in the sky like bird and it can go anywhere as per requirement. This feature has boosted up the popularity of Quad copter in the community. Now a day's more and more fields get dependent on Quad copter, therefore the system needs to be more robust and less expensive. For example, in defence field security is the major issue, while in Disaster management time public safety is the major issue. The paper proposes a low cost, secure (as it has Global Positioning System installed in it, so it can hold at any position getting proper instruction by operator) and autonomous model for a Quad copter. This quadcopter can be controlled manually via transmitter (minimum 4 channel).
Policemen and firefighters have increased risk for type-2 diabetes mellitus probably due to their large body mass index: a follow-up study in Japanese men.

BACKGROUND Policemen/firefighters may have increased risk for mortality from ischemic heart disease and from all causes. We compare incidence of type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM), a well-known predictor for mortality, in policemen/firefighters with that in two other worker-groups. METHODS A follow-up study of 5,130 healthy Japanese men aged 30-49 years at baseline consisted of three worker-groups; 3,111 clerical workers, 1,122 manual/production and transport/communication workers, and 897 policemen/firefighters. Incident DM was identified by "fasting serum glucose >or=7.00 mmol/L" or/and "under medical treatment for DM. " Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for incident DM was estimated by Cox's proportional hazard models using clerical workers as a reference group (HR=1.00). Baseline age, body mass index (BMI, kg/m(2)), drinking, smoking, exercise, and education were computed as confounders. RESULTS During mean follow-up periods of 8.4 years, 155 clerical workers, 51 manual/production and transport/communication workers, and 74 policemen/firefighters had incident DM (5.9, 5.7, and 9.6 per 1,000 person-years, respectively; P=0.001 by chi(2)-test). Policemen/firefighters had significantly increased risk for incident DM against clerical workers (age-adjusted HR (95% CI): 1.65 (1.25, 2.18)), but the significance disappeared after adjustments for BMI (age- and BMI-adjusted HR (95% CI): 1.16 (0.87, 1.54)). Manual/production and transport/communication workers had no increased risk. CONCLUSIONS Policemen/firefighters have increased risk for DM probably due to their large BMI. Body weight control may be more efficient for prevention of DM and DM-related health problems in policemen/firefighters than in other workers.
Assessment of inbreeding depression for functional herd life in the South African Jersey breed based on level and rate of inbreeding

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of inbreeding depression on functional herd life in the South African Jersey population based on individual level and rate of inbreeding. A pedigree file of the South African Jersey breed (n = 912 638) was obtained from the Integrated Registration and Genetic Information System (INTERGIS). The data included registered, grade and imported animals. The percentages of animals in the pedigree file with two, one and zero parents unknown were 22%, 18% and 60%, respectively. The inbreeding coefficient for each animal (Fi) and the rate of individual inbreeding (ΔFi) as an alternative measure of inbreeding that is adjusted for the depth of known pedigree were calculated. The effect of inbreeding on functional herd life in each of the first three lactations was estimated, using a singletrait sire model on data collected from 1985 to 2003. Three analyses for survival in each of the first three lactations were conducted. In the first analysis, in addition to fixed and random effects, an individual inbreeding coefficient (Fi) was fitted as a linear covariate. In the second analysis, the inbreeding coefficient was included as a discrete variable with the following classes of inbreeding: 0 12.5. In the third analysis, the individual rate of inbreeding (ΔFi) was included in the model as a linear covariate. The level of inbreeding in the SA Jersey population showed a gradual increase for the period 1985 to 1994, while the period 1995 to 2003 showed a rapid increase. The current mean level of inbreeding (for the year 2010) is 4.85% with a minimum and maximum of 0 and 31.34%, respectively. The rate of inbreeding showed a gradual increase from 0.36% to 0.43% between 1985 and 2003. The average rate of inbreeding is currently (for the year 2010) at 0.55%. There was a significant unfavourable relationship between inbreeding and functional herd life in the first and second lactations. The effect of inbreeding was more pronounced in the second lactation for both measures of inbreeding. Based on the current level of inbreeding, the reduction in functional herd life in the first lactation can be estimated as 0.68%. The corresponding estimate for the second lactation is 1.70%. The results from the current study indicate that the current level or rate of inbreeding has reached levels that are detrimental to functional herd life. Therefore, individual inbreeding coefficients should be considered in addition to genetic merit when breeding decisions are made by Jersey breeders. Keywords: Inbreeding, longevity, survival, dairy cattle
COUNTRY CREDIT RISK AND SPILLOVER EFFECTS

Country risk reflects the ability and willingness of a country to service its financial obligations. This paper analyses the country risk returns, or the rate of change in the risk ratings compiled by the International Country Risk Guide, which provides extended monthly data for numerous countries. A constant conditional correlation asymmetric VARMA-GARCH model is estimated and tested for Australia, Canada, Japan and the USA. The empirical results enable an analysis of the conditional means and volatilities of risk returns, highlight the importance of the economic, financial and political components of a composite risk rating, and evaluate the spillover effects of risk returns.
Heterogeneous Social Preferences, Screening, and Employment Contracts

This paper studies a monopsonistic firm's optimal employment contracts if workers have private information on both their propensity for social comparisons and their ability. Employees of the firm are taken to form their own distinct reference group. It is shown that screening workers with equal ability according to their social preferences is then not possible within the firm. In consequence, the firm distorts production by its employees with low ability, or it excludes workers with low ability and a high propensity for social comparisons. This highlights that firms can use both contractual and organizational measures to reduce the costs arising from workers' social preferences. Further, information on workers' social preferences reduces the latter's impact on employment contracts without changing it qualitatively.
The Role of Consumer Education as Mediator of Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction Banking In Kendari

--------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT--------------------------------------------------This study by the role of banking institutions that are so complex in the structure of the economy of a country, in direct contact with the public. Banking raise funds from the public, as well as an obligation to provide funds in a way that best serves the interests of the community in addition to the interests of the owner of the funds, thus the banking and the public are the two components that are partners and need each other. Long-term goal of this research is the public as part of bank customers can make optimum use of modern banking facilities and infrastructure in order to more effectively and efficiently in the transaction. The specific objective is to be able to analyze and explain the role of the Consumer Education For Quality Innovation Customer Service banking in Kendari. This research was conducted at the Bank's customer in Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi Province by using a sample of 156 respondents who are bank customers in the city of Kendari. This study uses the Analysis of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze the influence between variables and indicators of each variable. Research indicates that the variable quality of service direct significant effect on the Consumer Education and Customer Satisfaction. Consumer Education significant effect on Customer Satisfaction