Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Accelerating World of Graphdiynes

Graphdiyne (GDY), a 2D allotrope of graphene, is first synthesized in 2010 and has attracted attention as a new low‐dimensional carbon material. This work surveys the literature on GDYs. The history of GDYs is summarized, including their relationship with 2D graphyne carbons and yearly publication trends. GDY is a molecule‐based nanosheet woven from a molecular monomer, hexaethynylbenzene; thus, it is synthesized by bottom‐up approaches, which allow rich variation via monomer design. The GDY family and the synthetic procedures are also described. Highly developed π‐conjugated electronic structures are common important features in GDY and graphene; however, the coexistence of sp and sp2 carbons differentiates GDY from graphene. This difference gives rise to unique physical properties, such as high conductivity and large carrier mobility. Next, the theoretical and experimental studies of these properties are described in detail. A wide variety of applications are proposed for GDYs, including electrocatalysts and energy devices, which exploit the carbon‐rich nature, porous framework, and expanded π‐electron system of these compounds. Finally, potential uses are discussed.
Beta‐Test Data On An Assessment Of Textbook Problem Solving Ability: An Argument For Right/Wrong Grading?

We have developed an assessment of students’ ability to solve standard textbook style problems and are currently engaged in the validation and revision process. The assessment covers the topics of force and motion, conservation of momentum and conservation of energy at a level consistent with most calculus‐based, introductory physics courses. This tool is discussed in more detail in an accompanying paper by Marx and Cummings. [1] Here we present preliminary beta‐test data collected at four schools during the 2009/2010 academic year. Data include both pre‐ and post‐instruction results for introductory physics courses as well as results for physics majors in later years. In addition, we present evidence that right/wrong grading may well be a perfectly acceptable grading procedure for a course‐level assessment of this type.
A Locality Sensitive Hashing Technique for Categorical Data

The measured data may contain various types of attributes such as continuous, categorical, and set-valued attributes. Several locality-sensitive hashing techniques, which enable to find similar pairs of data in a fast and approximate way, have been developed for data with either numeric or set-valued attributes. This paper introduces a new locality sensitive-hashing technique applicable to data with categorical attributes.
Diaphragm‐based optical fiber sensor for pulse wave monitoring and cardiovascular diseases diagnosis

Arterial pulse wave has been considered as a vital sign in assessment of cardiovascular diseases. Noninvasive pulse sensor with compact structure, immunity to electro‐magnetic interference and high sensitivity is the research focus in recent years. While, optical fiber biosensor is a competitive option to meet these needs. Here, a diaphragm‐based optical fiber pulse sensor was proposed to achieve high‐precision radial pulse wave monitoring. A wearable device was developed, composed of a sports wristband and an aluminum diaphragm‐based optical fiber sensor tip of only 1 cm in diameter, which was highly sensitive to the weak acoustic signal. In particular, coherent phase detection was adopted to improve detection signal‐to‐noise ratio, so as to recover the high‐fidelity pulse waveforms. A clinical experiment was carried out to detect and morphological analyze the pulse waveforms of four subjects, the results of which preliminarily demonstrated the feasibility of pulse diagnosis method. The proposed pulse fiber sensor provides a comfortable way for pulse diagnosis, which is promising in early cardiovascular diseases indicating.
EhRabB mobilises the EhCPADH complex through the actin cytoskeleton during phagocytosis of Entamoeba histolytica

Movement and phagocytosis are clue events in colonisation and invasion of tissues by Entamoeba histolytica, the protozoan causative of human amoebiasis. During phagocytosis, EhRab proteins interact with other functional molecules, conducting them to the precise cellular site. The gene encoding EhrabB is located in the complementary chain of the DNA fragment containing Ehcp112 and Ehadh genes, which encode for the proteins of the EhCPADH complex, involved in phagocytosis. This particular genetic organisation suggests that the three corresponding proteins may be functionally related. Here, we studied the relationship of EhRabB with EhCPADH and actin during phagocytosis. First, we obtained the EhRabB 3D structure to carry out docking analysis to predict the interaction sites involved in the EhRabB protein and the EhCPADH complex contact. By confocal microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and immunoprecipitation assays, we revealed the interaction among these proteins when they move through different vesicles formed during phagocytosis. The role of the actin cytoskeleton in this event was also confirmed using Latrunculin A to interfere with actin polymerisation. This affected the movement of EhRabB and EhCPADH, as well as the rate of phagocytosis. Mutant trophozoites, silenced in EhrabB gene, evidenced the interaction of this molecule with EhCPADH and strengthened the role of actin during erythrophagocytosis.
Recent achievements in developing selective Gq inhibitors

G proteins are key mediators of G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, facilitating a plethora of important physiological processes. The role of G proteins is much less understood than other aspects of GPCR function, which is largely due to the shortage of potent and selective G protein inhibitors. The natural cyclic depsipeptides YM‐254890 and FR900359 are two of the very few known selective inhibitors of the Gq subfamily, and are used as unique pharmacological tools in the study of G q‐mediated signaling. Moreover, a peptide‐based G protein antagonist‐2A (GP‐2A), a 27‐residue peptide (27mer(I860A)) derived from phospholipase C‐β3 (PLC‐β3), and the small molecule BIM‐46187 have also been characterized as selective G q inhibitors within the past 5 years. In this review, we highlight the recent development in chemical syntheses, characterization, and mechanism of action of these selective G q inhibitors. The development and application of G q‐selective inhibitors will expand our knowledge of the structure and function of G protein‐mediated signaling, shed light on the development of inhibitors for other G protein classes, and feed in to drug discovery for diseases where G proteins are implicated, including various forms of cancer.
Fibronectin‐derived Epiviosamines enhance PDGF‐BB‐stimulated human dermal fibroblast migration in vitro and granulation tissue formation in vivo

Fibronectin (FN) is a multimodular glycoprotein that is a critical component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) anlage during embryogenesis, morphogenesis, and wound repair. Our laboratory has previously described a family of FN‐derived peptides collectively called “epiviosamines” that enhance platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (PDGF‐BB)‐driven tissue cell survival, speed burn healing, and reduce scarring. In this study, we used an agarose drop outmigration assay to report that epiviosamines can enhance PDGF‐BB‐stimulated adult human dermal fibroblast (AHDF) outmigration in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, these peptides can, when delivered topically, stimulate granulation tissue formation in vivo. A thiol‐derivatized hyaluronan hydrogel cross‐linked with polyethyleneglycol diacrylate (PEGDA) was used to topically deliver a cyclized epiviosamine: cP12 and a cyclized engineered variant of cP12 termed cNP8 to porcine, full‐thickness, excisional wounds. Both cP12 and cNP8 exhibited dose‐dependent increases in granulation tissue formation at day 4, with 600 μM cNP8 significantly enhancing new granulation tissue compared to vehicle alone. In contrast to previous studies, this study suggests that epiviosamines can be used to increase granulation tissue formation without an exogenous supply of PDGF‐BB or any cell‐binding peptides. Thus, epiviosamine may be useful topically to increase granulation tissue formation in acute wounds.
NK cell–intrinsic FcεRIγ limits CD8+ T-cell expansion and thereby turns an acute into a chronic viral infection

During viral infection, tight regulation of CD8+ T-cell functions determines the outcome of the disease. Recently, others and we determined that the natural killer (NK) cells kill hyperproliferative CD8+ T cells in the context of viral infection, but molecules that are involved in shaping the regulatory capability of NK cells remain virtually unknown. Here we used mice lacking the Fc-receptor common gamma chain (FcRγ, FcεRIγ, Fcer1g–/– mice) to determine the role of Fc-receptor and NK-receptor signaling in the process of CD8+ T-cell regulation. We found that the lack of FcRγ on NK cells limits their ability to restrain virus-specific CD8+ T cells and that the lack of FcRγ in Fcer1g–/– mice leads to enhanced CD8+ T-cell responses and rapid control of the chronic docile strain of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Mechanistically, FcRγ stabilized the expression of NKp46 but not that of other killer cell–activating receptors on NK cells. Although FcRγ did not influence the development or activation of NK cell during LCMV infection, it specifically limited their ability to modulate CD8+ T-cell functions. In conclusion, we determined that FcRγ plays an important role in regulating CD8+ T-cell functions during chronic LCMV infection.
Emotional Memory in Oral Contraceptive Users: Negative Stimuli Are More Forgettable

Recent research suggests oral contraceptive use is associated with altered memory for emotional story information, blunted stress hormone responses to emotional stimuli, and altered structure or function of the amygdala and hippocampus. This study examined the extent to which oral contraceptives influence relative recall of (a) the spatial location of emotional versus neutral stimuli and (b) positive versus negative emotional stimuli. Participants (58 oral contraceptive users, 40 nonusers, and 37 men) completed an Emotional Spatial Memory test and were evaluated on short-term recall and long-term (one week) recall. There was no evidence for group differences in recall of the locations of emotional versus neutral stimuli. However, oral contraceptive users remembered relatively more positive than negative items compared with nonusers and men on the spatial memory test. This effect was driven by oral contraceptive users recalling fewer negative items than free cyclers. The results indicate that hormonal contraceptives may decrease immediate recall of negative emotional stimuli.
The Algorithm of Sense Disambiguation Based on Bayesian Model

Sense disambiguation is an important problem in pattern recognition. In this paper, a new algorithm of sense disambiguation is proposed, in which part-of-speech tags of the left word and the right word around the ambiguous word are extracted as discriminative features. At the same time, the bayesian model is selected as the sense disambiguation classifier and it is built based on discriminative features. The architecture of sense classification is given. The new algorithm is trained on sense-annotated corpus. Then it is used to determine its sense category. Experimental results show that the accuracy rate of disambiguation arrives at 60%.
Error Models and Fault-Secure Scheduling in Multiprocessor Systems

SUMMARY A schedule for a parallel program is said to be 1-fault-secure if a system that uses the schedule can either produce correct output for the program or detect the presence of any faults in a single processor. Although several fault-secure scheduling algorithms have been proposed, they can all only be applied to a class of tree-structured task graphs with a uniform computation cost. Besides, they assume a stringent error model, called the redeemable error model, that considers extremely unlikely cases. In this paper, we ﬁrst propose two new plausible error models which restrict the manner of error propagation. Then we present three fault-secure scheduling algorithms, one for each of the three models. Unlike previous algorithms, the proposed algorithms can deal with any task graphs with arbitrary computation and communication costs. Through experiments, we evaluate these algorithms and study the impact of the error models on the lengths of fault-secure schedules.
Visual Perception from a Computer Graphics Perspective

This book provides an introduction to human visual perception suitable for readers studying or working in the fields of computer graphics and visualization, cognitive science, and visual neuroscience. It focuses on how computer graphics images are generated, rather than solely on the organization of the visual system itself; therefore, the text provides a more direct tie between image generation and the resulting perceptual phenomena. It covers such topics as the perception of material properties, illumination, the perception of pictorial space, image statistics, perception and action, and spatial cognition.
Intermittent Oral Dosing of Roxadustat in Peritoneal Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Anemia: A Randomized, Phase 3, Multicenter, Open‐Label Study

Roxadustat is an oral hypoxia‐inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor developed to treat anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. This Phase 3, randomized, open‐label, 24‐week study investigated the efficacy and safety of roxadustat in Japanese CKD patients with anemia on peritoneal dialysis (PD) who were previously treated or not treated with erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs). Patients not previously receiving ESA (ESA‐Naïve group) were randomized to roxadustat at a starting dose of 50 or 70 mg three times weekly; patients previously receiving ESA (ESA‐Converted group) switched from ESA to roxadustat 70 or 100 mg three times weekly depending on the prior ESA dose. Outcomes included maintenance rate of average hemoglobin (Hb) level within 10–12 g/dL at weeks 18–24, cumulative response rate at end of treatment (Hb thresholds, 10.0 g/dL or 10.5 g/dL; Hb increase, ≥1.0 g/dL), and average Hb levels at weeks 18–24. Safety was assessed by occurrence of treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs). Fifty‐six patients were enrolled (ESA‐Naïve, n = 13; ESA‐Converted, n = 43). Maintenance rates (weeks 18–24) were 92.3% (95% CI: 64.0–99.8; ESA‐Naïve) and 74.4% (95% CI: 58.8–86.5; ESA‐Converted). Cumulative response rate was 100.0% in the ESA‐Naïve group. Average Hb levels (weeks 18–24) were 11.05 g/dL (95% CI: 10.67–11.42; ESA‐Naïve) and 10.93 g/dL (95% CI: 10.73–11.13; ESA‐Converted). Common TEAEs included nasopharyngitis and back pain. Roxadustat was well tolerated and effective in maintaining target Hb levels in CKD patients on PD who were previously treated or not treated with ESA.
Development of Prelicensure Nursing Competencies in Caring for People With Disabilities Through Delphi Methodology

Supplemental digital content is available in the text. Background People with disabilities (PWDs) experience significant health disparities. The complex experience of disability requires that nurses are adequately and deliberately prepared to care for PWDs. However, there are no recognized nursing competencies to direct education and care. Purpose The purpose of this study was to develop a set of nursing competencies to better prepare prelincensure nursing students to provide competent care to PWDs. Methods A 2-round Delphi survey was administered to experts in the field of disabilities (n = 47, n = 35). Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to analyze data. Results Three major themes emerged: unique knowledge, volume and repetition, and distinct disability culture. Competencies were reduced with a focus on 4 dimensions: environment and care, communication, culture, and referral. Conclusions The 12 new competencies can serve as the foundation for the inclusion of disability content in nursing curricula.
The synthesis of satellite antennas with flat topped footprint patterns using rectangular and circular arrays

The problem of the design of planar antenna arrays with desired footprint patterns is considered in this paper. A simple antenna pattern synthesis technique that permits the design of planar antenna arrays with rectangular or circular geometries is presented. The adopted approach basically depends on the idea that the field pattern of an aperture antenna can be estimated from the double Fourier transform or the Fourier-Bessel transform of the aperture distribution for rectangular and circular aperture respectively. Aperture sampling techniques are used to transform the continuous aperture problem to the discrete planar array problem. Computer simulation show that the presented simple approach results in footprint patterns with desired properties.
Evaluating Noninvasive Markers to Identify Advanced Fibrosis by Liver Biopsy in HBV/HIV Co‐infected Adults

Noninvasive biomarkers are used increasingly to assess fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease. We determined the utility of dual cutoffs for noninvasive biomarkers to exclude and confirm advanced fibrosis in hepatitis B virus (HBV)–human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co‐infected patients receiving combined antiretroviral therapy. Participants were anti‐HIV/hepatitis B surface antigen–positive adults from eight clinical sites in the United States and Canada of the Hepatitis B Research Network. Fibrosis was staged by a central pathology committee using the Ishak fibrosis score (F). Clinical, laboratory, and vibration‐controlled transient elastography (VCTE) data were collected at each site. Dual cutoffs for three noninvasive biomarkers (aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio index, Fibrosis‐4 index [FIB‐4], and liver stiffness by VCTE) with the best accuracy to exclude or confirm advanced fibrosis (F ≥ 3) were determined using established methodology. Of the 139 enrolled participants, 108 with a liver biopsy and having at least one noninvasive biomarker were included: 22% had advanced fibrosis and 54% had normal alanine aminotransferase. The median (interquartile range) of APRI (n = 106), FIB‐4 (n = 106), and VCTE (n = 63) were 0.34 (0.26‐0.56), 1.35 (0.99‐1.89), and 4.9 (3.8‐6.8) kPa, respectively. The area under the curve for advanced fibrosis was 0.69 for APRI, 0.66 for FIB‐4, and 0.87 for VCTE. VCTE cutoffs of 5.0 kPa or less (to exclude) and 8.8 kPa or greater (to confirm) advanced fibrosis had a sensitivity of 92.3% and specificity of 96.0%, respectively, and accounted for 65.1% of participants. Among the 34.9% with values between the cutoffs, 26.1% had advanced fibrosis. Considering APRI or FIB‐4 jointly with VCTE did not improve the discriminatory capacity. Conclusion: VCTE is a better biomarker of advanced fibrosis compared with APRI or FIB‐4 in HBV/HIV co‐infected adults on combined antiretroviral therapy. Using VCTE dual cutoffs, approximately two‐thirds of patients could avoid biopsy to determine advanced fibrosis.
Dexmedetomidine: present and future directions

Dexmedetomidine is a potent, highly selective α-2 adrenoceptor agonist, with sedative, analgesic, anxiolytic, sympatholytic, and opioid-sparing properties. Dexmedetomidine induces a unique sedative response, which shows an easy transition from sleep to wakefulness, thus allowing a patient to be cooperative and communicative when stimulated. Dexmedetomidine may produce less delirium than other sedatives or even prevent delirium. The analgesic effect of dexmedetomidine is not strong; however, it can be administered as a useful analgesic adjuvant. As an anesthetic adjuvant, dexmedetomidine decreases the need for opioids, inhalational anesthetics, and intravenous anesthetics. The sympatholytic effect of dexmedetomidine may provide stable hemodynamics during the perioperative period. Dexmedetomidine-induced cooperative sedation with minimal respiratory depression provides safe and acceptable conditions during neurosurgical procedures in awake patients and awake fiberoptic intubation. Despite the lack of pediatric labelling, dexmedetomidine has been widely studied for pediatric use in various applications. Most adverse events associated with dexmedetomidine occur during or shortly after a loading infusion. There are some case reports of dexmedetomidine-related cardiac arrest following severe bradycardia. Some extended applications of dexmedetomidine discussed in this review are promising, but still limited, and further research is required. The pharmacological properties and possible adverse effects of dexmedetomidine should be well understood by the anesthesiologist prior to use. Moreover, it is necessary to select patients carefully and to determine the appropriate dosage of dexmedetomidine to ensure patient safety.
Scalable architectures for multicast content distribution

IP multicast techniques were developed to provide a scalable architecture for the delivery of large volumes of content to multiple receivers. However, one of the significant challenges associated with multicast delivery to large audiences is providing a scalable congestion control mechanism that is not only compliant with the dominant Internet transport protocol, TCP, but also addresses heterogeneity in the network bandwidth across receivers since receivers may have different connection speeds and different congestion levels. In this dissertation, we propose scalable solutions for reliable IP multicast congestion control which accommodate heterogeneous network bandwidth across receivers and provide a fair share of network resources with competing TCP flows. Despite the considerable works in the area of multicast congestion control, these schemes have some major limitations; unfairness to TCP flows, non-scalability to large audiences, coarse-grained rate change, and high design complexity. We first demonstrate that fine-grained multicast congestion control protocol can be realized and implemented with reasonable costs and complexity. At a high level, our STAIR (Simulate TCP's Additive Increase/multiplicative decrease with Rate-based) multicast congestion control algorithm simulates the property of TCP congestion control scheme as closely as possible while imposing minimal load on the network and minimizing the amount of control traffic. We also propose another new approach to multiple rate congestion control that leverages proven single rate congestion control methods by orchestrating an ensemble of independently controlled single rate sessions in the design of multiple rate congestion control. The main advantages of our protocol called SMCC are simplicity, scalability, and modular design. In addition to our work on IP multicast, we also propose a new network architecture for reliable content distribution using an overlay network. There has been a significant amount of previous work in overlay multicast since unlike IP multicast, overlay multicast does not require additional network support in the current Internet. However existing approaches for providing both reliability and congestion control on overlay multicast impose fundamental performance limitations, such as dragging down all transfer rates in the system to the rate of the slowest receiver. The ROMA architecture we propose delivers a scalable solution that better accommodates a set of heterogeneous receivers.