Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proof Search Specifications of the pi-calculus

We specify the operational semantics and bisimulation relations for the finite pi-calculus within a logic that contains the nabla quantifier for encoding generic judgments and definitions for encoding fixed points. Since we restrict to the finite case, the ability of the logic to unfold fixed points allows this logic to be complete for both the inductive nature of operational semantics and the coinductive nature of bisimulation. The nabla quantifier helps with the delicate issues surrounding the scope of variables within pi-calculus expressions and their executions (proofs). We illustrate several merits of the logical specifications permitted by this logic: they are natural and declarative; they contain no side-conditions concerning names of variables while maintaining a completely formal treatment of such variables; differences between late and open bisimulation relations arise from familar logic distinctions; the interplay between the three quantifiers (forall, exists, and nabla) and their scopes can explain the differences between early and late bisimulation and between various modal operators based on bound input and output actions; and proof search involving the application of inference rules, unification, and backtracking can provide complete proof systems for one-step transitions, bisimulation, and satisfaction in modal logic. We also illustrate how one can encode the pi-calculus with replications, in an extended logic with induction and co-induction.
FPGA Based Robust Open Transistor Fault Diagnosis and Fault Tolerant Sliding Mode Control of Five-Phase PM Motor Drives

The voltage-source inverters (VSI) supplying a motor drive are prone to open transistor faults. To address this issue in faulttolerant drives applicable to electric vehicles, a new open transistor fault diagnosis (FD) method is presented in this paper. According to the proposed method, in order to define the FD index, the phase angle of the converter output current is estimated by a simple trigonometric function. The proposed FD method is adaptable, simple, capable of detecting multiple open switch faults and robust to load operational variations. Keeping the FD in mind as a mandatory part of the fault tolerant control algorithm, the FD block is applied to a five-phase converter supplying a multiphase fault-tolerant PM motor drive with nonsinusoidal unbalanced current waveforms. To investigate the performance of the FD technique, the fault-tolerant sliding mode control (SMC) of a five-phase brushless direct current (BLDC) motor is developed in this paper with the embedded FD block. Once the theory is explained, experimental waveforms are obtained from a five-phase BLDC motor to show the effectiveness of the proposed FD method. The FD algorithm is implemented on a field programmable gate array (FPGA).
An Implementation of Face Emotion Identification System using Active Contour Model and PCA

Facial expression recognition system has turn into a most emphasizing research area since it plays a most important part in human-computer-interaction. The facial expression recognition system finds foremost application in areas like social interaction and social intelligence like in diverse surveillance systems, defense systems, substantiation or verification of individual like criminals etc. The face can articulate emotion sooner than people verbalize or even understand their posture. Thus there is apparent need of unfailing recognition and identification of facial expressions. In this paper we have formulated improvement in the Face expression recognition technique at different phases using PCA (Principle Component Analysis) and active contour model based segmentation.
V . THE NEUROBIOLOGICAL TOLL OF EARLY HUMAN DEPRIVATION

Children raised in institutions frequently suffer from a variety of behavioral, emotional, and neuropsychological sequelae, including deficits in attention, executive functions, disorders of attachment, and in some cases a syndrome that mimics autism. The extent and severity of these disorders appear to be mediated, in part, by the age at which the child entered and, in some cases, left the institution. Here we review the neurobiological literature on early institutionalization that may account for the psychological and neurological sequelae discussed in other chapters in this volume.
Convolutions with kernels having singularities on a sphere

We prove that convolution with (1xI2)+ and related convolutions are bounded from LI to Lq for certain values of p and q. There is a unique choice of p which maximizes the measure of smoothing il/p-l/q, in contrast with fractional integration where il/p-l/q is constant. We apply the results to obtain a priori estimates for solutions of the wave equation in which we sacrifice one derivative but gain more smoothing than in Sobolev's inequality.
Smart learning… a paradigm shift again?:A critical analysis of a paradigm shift discourse in online education

This paper will discuss the limitations of the philosophical and theoretical underpinnings of the increasingly popular educational discourse of smart learning by analysing previously popular educational discourse about online education as a new learning paradigm in higher education. As often promoted in the literature or social documents, for smart learning to be an alternative to online learning—which is considered to be unsuccessful in improving current higher educational practices and shifting the learning paradigm to the one based on social constructivism—it is necessary to learn from the unsuccessful history of online education. In addition to conducting an analytic literature review of online education, the author conducted interviews with a group of learning designers (n=12) working at two online institutions (one in North America and one in the Asian Pacific region) to more closely investigate the discrepancies between the rhetorical paradigm shift discourse and the actual pedagogical practices of online education in higher education context.
Tree canopy displacement and neighborhood interactions

Competitive interactions among plants are largely determined by spatial proximity. However, despite their sessile nature, plants have the ability to avoid neighbors by growing towards areas with high resource availability and reduced competition. Because of this flexibility, tree canopies are rarely centered directly above their stem bases and are often displaced. We sought to determine how a tree's competitive neighborhood influences its canopy position. In a 0.6-ha temperate forest plot, all trees greater than 10 cm DBH (n = 225) were measured for basal area, height, canopy depth, and trunk position. Canopy extent relative to trunk base was determined in eight subcardinal directions, and this information was used to reconstruct canopy size, shape, and position. We found that trees positioned their canopies away from large neighbors, close neighbors, and shade-tolerant neighbors. Neighbor size, expressed as basal area or canopy area, was the best indication of a neighbor's importance in determining targe.
Quantum noise and mode nonorthogonality in non-Hermitian PT-symmetric optical resonators

PT-symmetric optical resonators combine absorbing regions with active, amplifying regions. The latter are the source of radiation generated via spontaneous and stimulated emission, which embodies quantum noise and can result in lasing. We calculate the frequency-resolved output radiation intensity of such systems and relate it to a suitable measure of excess noise and mode nonorthogonality. The line shape differs depending on whether the emission lines are isolated (as for weakly amplifying, almost-Hermitian systems) or overlapping (as for the almost-degenerate resonances in the vicinity of exceptional points associated with spontaneous PT-symmetry breaking). The calculations are carried out in the scattering input-output formalism, and are illustrated for a quasi-one-dimensional resonator setup. In our derivations, we also consider the more general case of a resonator in which the amplifying and absorbing regions are not related by symmetry.
Power Factor Correction with Synchronous Condenser for Power Quality Improvement in Industrial Load

As most of loads are of inductive type, the power system is in lagging power factor and as a result poor power quality is occurred. And it is demanded to make power factor correction to be better power quality of power system. Among power factor correction devices, synchronous condenser is studied in this paper to improve the industrial loads. There are ten numbers of induction motors in Tharpaung pulp plant and the net power factor of the factory power system is round about 0.85 lagging. By using 0.75 leading power factor of synchronous condenser, the system power factor is improved to 0.969 lagging. And it is studied to choose the appropriated synchronous condenser of power factor and rating for various system power factors. And if there are different operating times for each induction motors, which synchronous condenser should be run is studied in detail in the paper. It is shown that the use of synchronous condenser improves the system power factor and makes power quality better. In this study, MATLAB program is used for overall plant power factor calculation.
An Agent-Based Architecture for providing Enhanced Communication Services

With the emergence of ubiquitous computing as the new trend in personal communication, there is also a growing need for services to be tailored to the user’s specific needs and preferences. We propose an agent-based architecture that allows context-aware communication between users. In seeking a model that is suitable for the design of the required functionalities of our framework, we found significant overlap between the concepts needed in our domain and those used in the BeliefDesire-Intention (BDI) models of agency. The BDI model is one of the most successful theoretical models of rational agents. It provides a convenient terminology and structure for describing such agents, as well as their policies. We present a comprehensive attempt to use the BDI model for describing the architecture and protocols of our context-aware communication system. Our system includes a mechanism for handling conflicting user policies.
Cell-based models to study GnRH neuron physiology

The chance to produce in vitro cultures of neuronal cells has been fundamental for neurobiological studies. The advancing of our understanding on the physiology of the nervous system has been strongly supported by the in vitro cultures of neuronal cells, as both primary cultures and oncogene-mediated immortalized cells. Among the hypothalamic neuroendocrine neurons, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) expressing neurons represent a unique class; they are generated outside the brain, in the olfactory placode, and during embryonic life they move by tangential neurophilic migration, along terminal and vomeronasal nerves, to the septal-hypothalamic region. At this level GnRH neurons undergo terminal differentiation and axonal elongation to make contacts with the pituitary portal vessels in which they start releasing the decapeptide GnRH in a pulsatile fashion, to modulate the function of the reproductive axis. However, the investigation of GnRH neurons has been hindered by their low abundance (800-1200) and their peculiar anatomical distribution. The study of these neurons has been forwarded since ‘90 by the availability of cell lines of immortalized mouse GnRH- expressing neurons (GT1 and GN cells lines); more later, other cell lines of GnRH-releasing neurons were established from human fetal olfactory neuroblasts and rat adult hypothalamic neurons under conditional immortalization. Later, different in vitro models for the study of GnRH neurons have been described; they include organotypic cultures of olfactory placode or hypothalamic tissue and primary cultures enriched in GnRH neurons. More recently, an new in vitro model of human GnRH neurons has been obtained from primary human fetal hypothalamic cell cultures. A new impulse to the study of these peculiar neurons in physiological, as well as in pathological conditions, will come from the already promising development of GnRH-secreting neurons from neuronal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
UD-Japanese BCCWJ: Universal Dependencies Annotation for the Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese

In this paper, we describe a corpus UD Japanese-BCCWJ that was created by converting the Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese (BCCWJ), a Japanese language corpus, to adhere to the UD annotation schema. The BCCWJ already assigns dependency information at the level of the bunsetsu (a Japanese syntactic unit comparable to the phrase). We developed a program to convert the BCCWJ to UD based on this dependency structure, and this corpus is the result of completely automatic conversion using the program. UD Japanese-BCCWJ is the largest-scale UD Japanese corpus and the second-largest of all UD corpora, including 1,980 documents, 57,109 sentences, and 1,273k words across six distinct domains.
Evidence for phonon skew scattering in the spin Hall effect of platinum

We measure and analyze the effective spin Hall angle of platinum in the low-residual resistivity regime by second-harmonic measurements of the spin-orbit torques for a multilayer of Pt|Co|AlOx. An angular-dependent study of the torques allows us to extract the effective spin Hall angle responsible for the damping-like torque in the system. We observe a strikingly nonmonotonic and reproducible temperature dependence of the torques. This behavior is compatible with recent theoretical predictions which include both intrinsic and extrinsic (impurities and phonons) contributions to the spin Hall effect at finite temperatures.
Supersymmetric branes with (almost) arbitrary tensions

We present a supersymmetric version of the two-brane Randall-Sundrum scenario, with arbitrary brane tensions ${T}_{1}$ and ${T}_{2},$ subject to the bound $|{T}_{1,2}|l~\sqrt{\ensuremath{-}6{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{5}},$ where ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{5}l0$ is the bulk cosmological constant. Dimensional reduction gives $N=1,$ $D=4$ supergravity, with the cosmological constant ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{4}$ in the range $\frac{1}{2}{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{5}l~{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{4}l~0. $ The case with ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{4}=0$ requires ${T}_{1}=\ensuremath{-}{T}_{2}=\sqrt{\ensuremath{-}6{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{5}}. $ This work unifies and generalizes previous approaches to the supersymmetric Randall-Sundrum scenario. It also shows that the Randall-Sundrum fine-tuning is not a consequence of supersymmetry.
MBE-grown 232–270 nm deep-UV LEDs using monolayer thin binary GaN/AlN quantum heterostructures

Electrically injected deep ultra-violet emission is obtained using monolayer thin GaN/AlN quantum structures as active regions. The emission wavelength is tuned by controlling the thickness of ultrathin GaN layers with monolayer precision using plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Single peaked emission spectra are achieved with narrow full width at half maximum for three different light emitting diodes operating at 232 nm, 246 nm, and 270 nm. 232 nm (5.34 eV) is the shortest electroluminescence (EL) emission wavelength reported so far using GaN as the light emitting material and employing polarization-induced doping.
'Like a Family Member Who Takes Care of Me' : Users' Anthropomorphic Representations and Trustworthiness of Smart Home Environments

Within the last years the concept of trust has attracted increased attention in the field of smart home environments. However, little is known about what determines trustworthiness in this context. For this reason the objective was to examine mental models in terms of anthropomorphic perception of smart home environments and its relation to trustworthiness. Two studies (N=36) were carried out in the Future Care Lab, a simulated intelligent home environment. We used the teach-back method to help participants to talk about the smart home environment technology and asked to generate a metaphor of an experienced home-monitoring scenario. Finally, we applied linguistic analysis of responses to detect anthropomorphic characteristics. In general, results demonstrate inspiring metaphors related to the personal assistance system, e.g. "like an airbag…" or "like a family member…", which might be useful for future interface designs and approaches of communication in the context of smart home environments. However, no relation of anthropomorphism and trustworthiness could be found. Therefore, we suggest an anthropomorphic threshold, which should be investigated by using an improved method and trust scale.
Refugee immigrants, occupational sorting and wage gaps

This paper analyzes wage income differences between native born workers and refugee immigrants in Sweden within occupations delineated in accordance with the augmented canonical model of occupational assignment. The identification strategy is based on a control group of matched native born persons with similar characteristics as the refugees and by using panel data methods capturing unobserved heterogeneity. The econometric results from a Swedish employer-employee panel data set document a narrowed wage gap over time, showing that the remaining difference can be explained to a large extent by the sorting into different types of occupations. Based on an Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition, we find a persistent wage gap in cognitive non-routine occupations but also, surprisingly, task categories where refugees have higher earning than natives.
Antibacterial and Antineoplastic Effect of Root of Euphorbia hirta L

This dissertation describes the antibacterial and antineoplastic effect (against Ehrlich’s Ascites Carcinoma; EAC) of methanol extract of root of Euphorbia hirta L. Methanol extract showed moderate activity against both Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus megaterium) and Gram negative (Escherchia coli, Shigella dysenteriae and Shigella sonnei) bacteria. In vivo the root extract resulted 45% and 54.4% Ehrlich’s Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cell growth inhibition at the dose of 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The root extract also showed moderate cytotoxic effect (LC50 37.07 μg.ml -1) against Artemia salina (brine shrimp nauplii) in respect to ampicillin trihydrate (LC50 16.87 μg.ml -1).
Simulating the Structural Response of a Preloaded Bolted Joint

The present paper describes the structural analyses performed on a preloaded bolted-joint configuration. The joint modeled was comprised of two L-shaped structures connected together using a single bolt. Each L-shaped structure involved a vertical flat segment (or shell wall) welded to a horizontal segment (or flange). Parametric studies were performed using elasto-plastic, large-deformation nonlinear finite element analyses to determine the influence of several factors on the bolted-joint response. The factors considered included bolt preload, washer-surface-bearing size, edge boundary conditions, joint segment length, and loading history. Joint response is reported in terms of displacements, gap opening, and surface strains. Most of the factors studied were determined to have minimal effect on the bolted-joint response; however, the washer-bearing-surface size affected the response significantly.
Reducing the Storage Overhead of Main-Memory OLTP Databases with Hybrid Indexes

This essay is a review of a similarly titled article suggesting a composite indexing data structure [1]. Knowledge about the asymmetry of queries for database indexes allows to separately optimize for read-only and read-write scenarios to more efficiently use DRAM. Specific guidelines can be applied to a variety of data structures to build hybrid indexing architectures with different characteristics. Experiments confirm index memory size reduction by up to 70% without significant loss in performance.
Viscous dissipation in 3D spine reconnection solutions

Aims. We consider the influence of viscous dissipation on “spine” reconnection solutions in coronal plasmas. It is known from 2D and 3D “fan” reconnection studies that viscous losses can be important. We extend these arguments to 3D “spine” reconnection solutions. Methods. Steady 3D spine reconnection models were constructed by time relaxation of the governing visco-resistive MHD equations. Scaling laws were derived that compare the relative importance of viscous and resistive damping. Results. It is shown that viscous dissipation in spine reconnection models can dominate resistive damping by many orders of magnitude. A similar conclusion, but with less severe implications, applies to current sheet “fan” solutions. These findings are not sensitive to whether classical or Braginskii viscosity is employed.
Sarcasm as a Contradiction Between a Tweet and its Temporal Facts : A Pattern Based Approach

In the context of Indian languages, sarcasm detection in Hindi is a tedious job as it is rich in morphology and complex in structure. The annotated resources for sarcastic Hindi sentences are almost negligible for machine learning analysis. Here, we propose a pattern-based framework for sarcasm detection in Hindi tweets. It has been observed that a tweet is sarcastic if it contradicts its temporal facts intentionally. The temporal fact is a collection of time-dependent facts which may change over the period. We used Hindi news with timestamp as a corpus of temporal facts. The timestamp describes the fact period of any entity. In this research, a temporal fact is represented as a <key, value> pair. To form a <key, value> pair, one need to extract triplets i.e. subject, verb and object for every sentence. Next, a key is formed using subject and verb together. The value is formed using object and timestamp together. To predict the sarcastic tweet; one needs to extract the triplets from input tweet and form a <key, value> pair. Now, the <key, value> pair of the input tweet is mapped with related <key, value> pair in the corpus of temporal facts and are checked if they coincide. If they contradict, the input tweet is considered as sarcastic. The achieved accuracy of the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-arts techniques for Hindi sarcasm detection as it attains an accuracy of 82.8%.
Evidence for nonlocality and nontemporality of a single photon

An analysis of the energy exchange by photons is presented based on single-photon Gedanken experiments and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Excluding hidden variable properties of a single photon one has to accept that the total photon trajectory undergoes causal influences from the final state separated in time and space from the initial state: nonlocality and nontemporality.