Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Arabic GramCheck: a grammar checker for Arabic

Arabic is a Semitic language that is rich in its morphology and syntax. The very numerous and complex grammar rules of the language may be confusing for the average user of a word processor. In this paper, we report our attempt at developing a grammar checker program for Modern Standard Arabic, called Arabic GramCheck. Arabic GramCheck can help the average user by checking his/her writing for certain common grammatical errors; it describes the problem for him/her and offers suggestions for improvement. The use of the Arabic grammatical checker can increase productivity and improve the quality of the text for anyone who writes Arabic. Arabic GramCheck has been successfully implemented using SICStus Prolog on an IBM PC. The current implementation covers a well‐formed subset of Arabic and focuses on people trying to write in a formal style. Successful tests have been performed using a set of Arabic sentences. It is concluded that the approach is promising by observing the results as compared to the output of a commercially available Arabic grammar checker. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Central effects of ghrelin on glucose and lipid metabolism and possible mediators

L'obesite est une maladie reconnue dans tout le monde. Dans les pays developpes, comme les Etats Unis ou l'Angleterre, cette augmentation est plus marquee. En effet, 65% des Americains adultes sont en surpoids et 30% sont obeses. De la meme maniere, le surpoids est en augmentation chez les enfants et les adolescents. L'homeostasie energetique est le resultat d'une balance entre l'apport (la prise alimentaire) et la depense energetique (le metabolisme de base, l'activite physique et la thermogenese). L'exces de prise alimentaire avec reduction de la dissipation d'energie entraine un exces calorique qui va s'accumuler. Dans la circulation, les lipides et les hydrates de carbone sont elevee. En consequence, ils vont s'accumuler dans les adipocytes qui forment le tissu adipeux. Cette accumulation augmentera la masse adipeuse et par consequent le poids, de sorte que la masse corporelle sera egalement elevee.
Analysis of nonlinearity of Mach-Zehnder modulator in coherent optical OFDM in the presence of PAPR

The nonlinearity of Mach-Zehnder modulator, in present of high peak power of optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is studied. A full optical coherent communication system is presented and analyzed numerically. A study of the effect of peak to average power (PAPR) reduction technique on the performance of the offered Optical-OFDM is shown.
The Interaction between Cap-binding Complex and RNA Export Factor Is Required for Intronless mRNA Export*

RNA export factor (REF) is a component of the exon junction complex (EJC) that is deposited on mRNA in a splicing-dependent manner, and targets spliced mRNA for export. In this study, analysis of the RNA-binding protein complexes revealed that REF associates with β-globin mRNA at the region other than the EJC deposition site. Comparison between RNA polymerase II and T7 transcription and further analysis showed that the deposition of REF apart from the EJC is dependent on the 5′ cap structure, but not splicing. Excess amounts of m7GpppG cap analog reduced REF binding to intronless mRNA, and a co-immunoprecipitation experiment revealed that REF interacts with the cap-binding protein CBP20. The export of Cy3-labeled intronless β-globin mRNA from nuclei of HeLa cells was enhanced by co-injection of CBP20 and REF. Thus, REF recruited by CBP20 may play a stimulatory role to export the capped intronless mRNAs.
catena-Poly[sodium(I)-μ-tetrabutoxyborato]

The title compound, [Na(C16H36BO4)]n, has a fourfold axis passing through the Na and B atoms which both are bound by four O atoms. The tetrabutoxyborate anion provides the bridging to form one-dimensional polymers running along [001], just like those found for the tetraethoxyborate structure. The two butoxy ‘tail’ atoms are disordered over two conformations in a 0.887 (9):0.113 (9) ratio.
The protective action of ABO incompatibility on Rh isoimmunization and Rh hemolytic disease; theoretical and clinical implications.

AbstractThe combined series of 11 studies reveal that in contrast to 35% ABO incompatible matings in random matings, there are only 18% such matings in Rh hemolytic disease. In all ABO incompatible matings the husband is heterozygous for A or B. Husbands of genotypes AA or BB are excluded. In contrast to 59 matings O Rh-positive husband by AB Rh-negative wife, there was only one reciprocal AB × O mating.The essential feature for production of Rh antibodies is the survival in the maternal circulation of Rh-positive group compatible fetal red cells for long enough periods to reach the maternal sites of antibody production. If the fetal red cells are ABO incompatible with maternal anti-A anti-B, they are immediately agglutinated and hemolyzed in the uterine sinuses so that the Rh antigen is not available to provide the antigenic stimulus. These findings provide indirect evidence that in a normal pregnancy the intact fetal red cell finds its way into the maternal circulation. More direct evidence is provided by Richardson-Jones who actually demonstrated fetal Rh-positive red cells in the blood of the Rh-negative mother.The same principles apply also to hemolytic disease due to anti-c provided that immunization by transfusion is excluded. Still additional evidence is provided by the results of immunization of Rh-negative volunteer donors with ABO compatible and incompatible Rh-positive blood.The chances for production of Rh antibodies are 2.4 times greater in ABO compatible matings than in ABO incompatible matings.If fetal red cells enter the maternal circulation, one may assume also a two-way transfer also of leucocytes. This may perhaps explain findings of Peer of prolonged survival in 25 % of the cases of skin transplants from infant to mother and mother to infant, in contrast to uniform rejection of skin transplants from father to infant and infant to father.
Local and systemic effects after adenoviral transfer of the murine granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor gene into mice

Vectors encoding immunostimulatory genes are under investigation for their use as adjuvants for immunotherapy. Granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) is a prominent candidate gene for this approach because this cytokine can prime immune responses to ‘self’ tumour or other weak antigens. Prior studies suggested that GM‐CSF induces accumulation and differentiation of antigen‐presenting cells, particularly dendritic cells that can initiate immunity. To evaluate this model in vivo, we performed i.m. and i.p. injections of an adenovirus vector encoding murine GM‐CSF (Ad‐mGM‐CSF) and evaluated local and systemic effects. After intramuscular injection, local changes were characterized by the accumulation of myeloid cells, a subsequent infiltration of lymphocytes and then myonecrosis. Intraperitoneal injection also induced an accumulation of myeloid cells, an increase in CD3‐positive T and a decrease in B220‐positive B lymphocytes. Expression of the dendritic cell marker CD11c on 48 ± 9% of the peritoneal cells (n = 6) along with high levels of surface MHC class II, a characteristic morphology, and endocytosis of FITC‐dextran suggested in vivo differentiation of dendritic cells after i.p. injection of Ad‐mGM‐CSF. Systemic effects were observed after i.m. and i.p. injection of Ad‐mGM‐CSF. All mice developed hepatosplenomegaly resulting from extramedullary haematopoiesis. These changes were specific to GM‐CSF as they were not seen in mice injected with an adenovirus vector without a transgene. Our observations indicate that adenoviral transfer of GM‐CSF is a powerful tool for inducing local and systemic expansion of haematopoietic cells. The local expansion of myeloid cells displaying signs of dendritic cell differentiation, as characterized for the peritoneal cell compartment, can explain the potency of GM‐CSF when used as an adjuvant in genetic immunotherapy.
The Fc receptors of primary and cultured phagocytic cells studied with homogeneous antibodies.

Mouse spleen cell-myeloma hybrids were produced that secreted monoclonal antibodies to SRBC of the IgG2a and IgG2b subclass. These homogeneous antibodies were used to examine the Fc receptors for mouse IgG2a and IgG2b on resident and thioglycollate-induced macrophages and on two continuous macrophage-like cell lines (J774.2 and FC-1). By cross-inhibition experiments, we have shown that all four of these cell types have separate receptors for aggregated IgG2a and IgG2b. Both receptors bind heterogeneous rabbit antibody complexed to antigen. Large amounts of soluble proteins do not inhibit the binding of antigen-antibody complexes to either receptor. The rosetting of IgG2a-coated SRBC, but not of IgG2b-coated SRBC, is inhibited by treating all four cell types with trypsin or cytochalasin and is decreased at 4°C. Both the IgG2a and IgG2b receptors will mediate phagocytosis in all four cell types. Mutants of the FC-1 cell line were obtained that can bind both IgG2a and IgG2b antibody-antigen complexes but phagocytize only through the IgG2b receptor. We conclude from these studies that naturally occurring complexes between antigen and mouse IgG2a and IgG2b antibodies are bound to mouse macrophages and phagocytized through functionally distinguishable Fc receptors. The use of homogeneous monoclonal antibodies facilitates such studies and avoids some of the ambiguities that arise when artificially aggregated immunoglobulins or heterogeneous antibodies are used.
Summary AXR 3 and SHY 2 interact to regulate root hair development

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Sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motor — a survey

Vector control has been widely used in control of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) where the rotor position information is required. The cost of mechanical sensors and the difficulty to incorporate them make it necessary to avoid their uses and to study the mechanical Sensorless control. The idea behind such methods is to extract the motor position and speed information in functions of the terminal quantities from the motor equations. There are many methods which vary in principle and observer structure. In this paper some most promising methods are classified for different application conditions.
Results of surgical treatment in patients with bitemporal epileptiform abnormalities

Fifty‐three of 57 patients who had evidence of bitemporal epileptiform abnormalities and who required investigation with stereotactic depth electroencephalography (SDEEG) recordings to determine the site of origin of seizures underwent surgical resection for the treatment of their epilepsy. A minimum of 2 years' follow‐up was available in 48 patients who underwent a temporal lobe resection. In this group, 19 patients (40%) were greatly improved, and of these 14 (29%) became seizure free and 5 (10%) had no more than 3 seizures each year. Another 22 patients (46%) showed a worthwhile reduction in seizure frequency of at least 50%. Seven patients (15%) were not significantly improved. An etiological factor of early convulsions before age 3 (usually febrile) was associated with a better outcome. Both the lack of a strong predominance for SDEEG‐recorded seizures to arise in the resected temporal lobe and the presence of residual epileptiform abnormalities in the postexcision electrocorticogram were correlated with poorer results.
Apolipoprotein E and Peptide Mimetics Modulate Inflammation by Binding the SET Protein and Activating Protein Phosphatase 2A

The molecular mechanism by which apolipoprotein E (apoE) suppresses inflammatory cytokine and NO production is unknown. Using an affinity purification approach, we found that peptide mimetics of apoE, derived from its receptor binding domain residues 130–150, bound to the SET protein, which is a potent physiological inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Both holo-apoE protein and apoE-mimetic peptides bound to the C-terminal region of SET, which is then associated with an increase in PP2A-mediated phosphatase activity. As physiological substrates for PP2A, the LPS-induced phosphorylation status of signaling MAPK and Akt kinase is reduced following treatment with apoE-mimetic peptides. On the basis of our previous report, in which apoE-mimetic peptides reduced I-κB kinase and NF-κB activation, we also demonstrate a mechanism for reduced production of inducible NO synthase protein and its NO product. These data provide evidence for a novel molecular mechanism by which apoE and apoE-mimetic peptides antagonize SET, thereby enhancing endogenous PP2A phosphatase activity, which reduces levels of phosphorylated kinases, signaling, and inflammatory response.
Grey wolf optimizer with dynamic adaptation of parameters using fuzzy logic

The main goal of the paper is the use of fuzzy logic for dynamic parameter adaptation in the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithm. The proposed approach of a fuzzy GWO is compared with the traditional GWO algorithm with a set of benchmark functions. Simulation results show that there is a significant advantage of the proposed fuzzy GWO.
Multielectron spectroscopy: the xenon 4d hole double auger decay.

A magnetic bottle spectrometer of the type recently developed by Eland et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 053003 (2003). ] has been implemented for use with synchrotron radiation, allowing multidimensional electron spectroscopy. Its application to the Xe 4d double Auger decay reveals all the energy pathways involved. The dominant path is a cascade process with a rapid (6 fs) ejection of a first Auger electron followed by the slower (>23 fs) emission of a second Auger electron. Weaker processes implying 3 electron processes are also revealed, namely, direct double Auger and associated Rydberg series.
Robust ℋ∞ filtering of Markovian jump stochastic systems with uncertain transition probabilities

This article investigates the problem of robust ℋ∞ filtering for a class of uncertain Markovian stochastic systems. The system under consideration not only contains Itô-type stochastic disturbances and time-varying delays, but also involves uncertainties both in the system matrices and in the mode transition rate matrix. Our aim is to design an ℋ∞ filter such that, for all admissible parameter uncertainties and time-delays, the filtering error system can be guaranteed to be robustly stochastically stable, and achieve a prescribed ℋ∞ disturbance rejection attenuation level. By constructing a proper stochastic Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and employing the free-weighting matrix technique, sufficient conditions for the existence of the desired filters are established in terms of linear matrix inequalities, which can be readily solved by standard numerical software. Finally, a numerical example is provided to show the utility of the developed approaches.
THE EFFECT OF A VARIABLE ENVIRONMENT ON THE GENETIC CORRELATION STRUCTURE IN A FIELD CRICKET

The evolutionary trajectory of a trait depends not only on the presence of genetic variation, but also on the pattern of genetic correlations (rg) among traits. Genetic correlations are most easily measured under homogeneous, controlled laboratory conditions, whereas natural populations typically experience a higher degree of environmental variability. The effect of environmental variability on genetic correlations in the cricket, Gryllus pennsylvanicus, was studied by measuring genetic correlations within and between two environments differing in levels of environmental heterogeneity. Within‐environment rg among morphological traits measured in the homogeneous laboratory environment were found to be reliable predictors of rg measured in the experimental field environment. Laboratory measures of rg involving life‐history traits, though, were not found to reflect the same correlations measured in the heterogeneous environment. A significant negative genetic correlation between fecundity and developmental time was found in the field environment, yet was not detectable when measured in the laboratory. Phenotypic correlations may be obtained much more easily than genetic correlations, but their usefulness in evolutionary inference depends on the pattern of similarity between the two correlations. A comparison of genetic and phenotypic correlations revealed a close match between the two measures for morphological traits, but revealed only broad similarities when considering life‐history traits. Male‐female genetic correlations between morphological traits were high (all rg > 0.73) and were consistently higher in the field environment than in the laboratory. The genetic correlations between the sexes in developmental time followed the same trend, but the male‐female genetic correlation of gonad weights was low in both environments. Across‐environment correlations were found to be strong for morphological traits and for gonad weight, whereas the genetic expression of developmental time was found to be dependent on the environment in which the crickets were raised.
The metabolic syndrome: prevalence and associated risk factor findings in the US population from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994.

BACKGROUND The metabolic syndrome is an important cluster of coronary heart disease risk factors with common insulin resistance. The extent to which the metabolic syndrome is associated with demographic and potentially modifiable lifestyle factors in the US population is unknown. METHODS Metabolic syndrome-associated factors and prevalence, as defined by Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, were evaluated in a representative US sample of 3305 black, 3477 Mexican American, and 5581 white men and nonpregnant or lactating women aged 20 years and older who participated in the cross-sectional Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. RESULTS The metabolic syndrome was present in 22.8% and 22.6% of US men and women, respectively (P =.86). The age-specific prevalence was highest in Mexican Americans and lowest in blacks of both sexes. Ethnic differences persisted even after adjusting for age, body mass index, and socioeconomic status. The metabolic syndrome was present in 4.6%, 22.4%, and 59.6% of normal-weight, overweight, and obese men, respectively, and a similar distribution was observed in women. Older age, postmenopausal status, Mexican American ethnicity, higher body mass index, current smoking, low household income, high carbohydrate intake, no alcohol consumption, and physical inactivity were associated with increased odds of the metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS The metabolic syndrome is present in more than 20% of the US adult population; varies substantially by ethnicity even after adjusting for body mass index, age, socioeconomic status, and other predictor variables; and is associated with several potentially modifiable lifestyle factors. Identification and clinical management of this high-risk group is an important aspect of coronary heart disease prevention.
Estimación de una frontera de costos estocástica para empresas del sector agua en Asia y Región del Pacífico

En este trabajo se estima una frontera de costos estocastica para las empresas del sector agua en el continente Asiatico y region del Pacifico, y se calculan las medidas de eficiencia individuales utilizando Minimos Cuadrados Clasicos Corregidos y Maxima Verosimilitud, suponiendo en ambos casos que la distribucion del termino de ineficiencia sigue una distribucion media normal. Asimismo, se presentan una serie de indicadores de performance alternativos utilizados por el Asian Development Bank (1997) y se los compara con las medidas de eficiencia calculadas a partir de la frontera estocastica. Por ultimo, se analiza el impacto de la propiedad sobre los costos, encontrandose que los costos de las empresas concesionadas son significativamente mas bajos.
Effectiveness of Interventions for Breast Cancer Screening in African American Women: A Meta‐Analysis

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to report the results of a meta-analysis conducted on the effects of clinical trials in breast cancer screening for African American women between 1997 and 2017. DATA SOURCES Articles published in English and in the United States, between January 1997 and March 2017, were eligible for inclusion if they (1) conducted psychosocial, behavioral, or educational interventions designed to increase screening mammography rates in predominantly African American women of all ages; (2) utilized a randomized, controlled trial (RCT) design; and (3) reported quantitative screening rates following the intervention. STUDY DESIGN Randomized clinical trials on breast cancer screening in African American women, published between January 1997 and March 2017, were selected from database searches. DATA COLLECTION METHODS Data collected included effect size of screening versus comparison interventions, intervention characteristics, and a number of study characteristics to explore potential moderators. Search results yielded 327 articles, of which 14 met inclusion criteria and were included in analyses. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Findings indicated that screening interventions for African American women were significantly more likely to result in mammography than control (OR = 1.56 [95 percent CI = 1.27-1.93], p < .0001). Although no patient or study characteristics significantly moderated screening efficacy, the most effective interventions were those specifically tailored to meet the perceived risk of African American women. CONCLUSIONS Screening interventions are at least minimally effective for promoting mammography among African American women, but research in this area is limited to a small number of studies. More research is needed to enhance the efficacy of existing interventions and reduce the high morbidity and mortality rate of this underserved population.