Study on Antipyretic Activity of Hibiscus rosa sinensis Leaves in Yeast Induced Pyrexia

Herbal drugs are being proved as effective as synthetic drugs with lesser side effects. Herbal Medicines are in line with nature, with less hazardous reactions. Pyrexia or Fever is defined as an elevation of body temperature. It is a response due to tissue damage, inflammation, malignancy or graft rejection. Antipyretics are drugs which can reduce elevated body temperature. The objective of the present work was to study the antipyretic activity of plant Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn. belonging to family Malvaceae which is considered as an important medicinal family and known as “Mandharai” in Telegu and “Semparutti” in Tamil. The Whole plant of Hibiscus rosa sinensis are used as analgesic, antiviral, anti-convulatory, anti-tumor, juvenoid activity, antifertility, hypotensive, anti implantation, depressant, anti-inflammatory and antiestrogenic activity. The petroleum ether and methanolic extract was taken for the study and evaluated for antipyretic activity using Brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia in Wister strain albino rats. The petroleum ether and methanolic extracts at a dose of 200 mg/kg and 400mg/kg were evaluated for antipyretic activity. The methanolic extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis (MEHRS) plant showed a significant (P < 0.05) dose dependent antipyretic effect in yeast induced elevation of body temperature in experimental rats. MEHRS have significant antipyretic activity when compared with the standard drug paracetamol. From the study, it concludes that the antipyretic activity observed can be attributed to the presence of flavonoids have been reported to exhibit antipyretic effect and therefore, supports the claims of traditional medicine as an antipyretic remedy. Akula Suman 1 *, Ashok Kumar D 2 , Qadrie Zl 3 , J Srikanth 4 1 * Research Scholar, Department of Pharmacognosy, Pratishta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suryapet, Telangana. 2 Professor and Head, Department of Pharmacognosy, Pratishta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suryapet, Telangana. 3 Professor and Head, Department of Pharmacology, Pratishta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suryapet, Telangana 4 Research Scholar, Department of Pharmacognosy, Pratishta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suryapet, Telangana. Submission: 20 July 2018 Accepted: 27 July 2018 Published: 30 August 2018 www.ijppr. humanjournals.com Citation: Akula Suman et al. Ijppr.Human, 2018; Vol. 13 (1): 101-105. 102 INTRODUCTION Herbal products are often perceived as safe because they are “natural”. In recent years herbal medicine is a major component in all traditional medicine systems. Pyrexia or fever is caused as a secondary impact of infection, malignancy or other diseased states. It is the body’s natural defense to create an environment where infectious agent or damaged tissue cannot survive. Regulation of body temperature requires a delicate balance between production and loss of heat, and the hypothalamus which regulate the set point of body temperature (1) . Over the years, World Health Organization (WHO) advocated traditional medicines as safe remedies for aliments of both microbial and non-microbial origins, antipyretic (2) . The plants Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (H. rosasinensis) belongs to the family Malvaceae. Traditionally the flowers can be used as anti-asthmatic agents (3,4) . As the Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn is a Folklore traditional medicament and cost effective alternative approach to study the leaves of this plant for the development of antipyretic agent. Some of the chemical constituents isolated from this plant are cyanidin, quercetin, hentriacontane, calcium oxalate, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, ascorbic acid, and flavonoids (5) . The flower contains apigenin, citric acid, cyanidin diglucoside, cyanine, fructose, gentisic acid, glucose, pelargonidin, quercetin, sucrose and tartaric acid. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis petal infusion is widely used in Ayurvedic medicine in India as a demulcent refrigerant drink in fever and decotion is given venin bronchodilator. Previous studies showed that the plant possesses anti-complementary, anti-diarrheic, anti-phologistic activity. It has been reported that the plant flower possesses anti-spermatogenic and androgenic, anti-tumor and anticonvulsant activities (6) . MATERIAL AND METHODS Collection of the Plant Material The leaves of Hibiscus rosa sinensis were collected from Suryapet, Telangana. They were identified and authenticated by Dr. Ashok Kumar, Head, Department of Pharmacognosy. Herbarium was prepared and submitted to museum bearing number PIPS/HerbariumHibiscus Rosa/2017. www.ijppr. humanjournals.com Citation: Akula Suman et al. Ijppr.Human, 2018; Vol. 13 (1): 101-105. 103 Preparation of the Plant Extracts Fresh leaves of (500 g) were taken and dried under the shade. The material was packed in Soxhlet apparatus and extracted by successive method with Petroleum ether (PEHRS) and methanol for 72 hours and the yield is 12.45 and 32.6 % respectively. Preliminary chemical analysis was performed to identify the bioactive components. Petroleum ether (PEHRS) and methanol extracts (MEHRS) of Hibiscus rosa sinensis at different doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg was suspended in distilled water and administered orally.