Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus gene expression in endothelial (spindle) tumor cells

The recent discovery of DNA sequences of a new human herpesvirus in Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) has fueled speculation that this virus might cause KS. The mere presence, however, of a virus in a complex multicellular tumor like KS could just as well be construed as evidence of a passenger agent. We sought stronger evidence linking the KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) to tumor formation by using in situ hybridization to investigate the specificity, constancy, and timing of KSHV gene expression in KS tumor cells. Here we document expression of a 700-nucleotide viral RNA in every KS tumor examined, from the earliest histologically recognizable stage to advanced tumors in which the vast majority of identifiable spindle tumor cells contain this transcript. Two other KSHV RNAs were also detected in a smaller fraction of the tumor cells in all but the earliest lesion. These viral RNAs were expressed to relatively low levels in this subset; because one of these RNAs encodes a major viral capsid protein, these cells may be producing KSHV. We did not find these KSHV genes expressed in a variety of other tumors and proliferative processes, but we did detect viral gene expression in prostatic tissue, supporting a possible mechanism for sexual transmission of KSHV. The close relationship between KS and KSHV gene expression is consistent with the hypothesis that KSHV is directly involved in the etiology and pathogenesis of KS.
Measuring the quality of eligible collateral

Recently, the U. S. subprime crisis has shown that a weak collateralization of credits may have massive economic implications, entailing severe perturbations of the international financial system. We focus on central bank lending and try to pin down the quantitative impact of the collateralization of central banks’ credits. A questionnaire on national monetary frameworks was used to collect data from central banks. Drawing on these data we derive an index of the quality of eligible assets measuring the minimum requirements for the issue of money by the respective central bank. We provide data for 62 countries and we show that this index has the potential to affect monetary stability as measured by national inflation rates. The existence of a correlation between inflation and the quality of eligible collateral would strongly support fundamental claims of property economics, an economic theory based on a clear cut distinction between property and possession. Property economics emphasizes the role of collateralized lending in explaining the process of money creation and, more generally, the emergence of any economic activity. JEL-Classification: E42, B59, C43
Patterns of fatigue and activity and rest during adjuvant breast cancer chemotherapy.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To describe the patterns of fatigue and activity and rest and their relationship during adjuvant breast cancer chemotherapy. DESIGN Prospective, descriptive, repeated measures. SETTING Midwestern oncology clinics and subjects' homes. SAMPLE 72 women, ages 30-69, who were receiving chemotherapy after surgery for stage I or II breast cancer. METHODS The Piper Fatigue Scale was used to measure fatigue 48 hours after each treatment and at treatment cycle midpoints for three cycles. Wrist actigraphs were used to measure activity and rest cycles for 96 hours at each treatment and for 72 hours at each cycle midpoint. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Fatigue, activity and rest cycles, chemotherapy protocols (doxorubicin- or non-doxorubicin-based protocols). FINDINGS Total and subscale fatigue scores were significantly different over time, with scores higher at treatments and lower at cycle midpoints. Activity levels were significantly different over time in a mirror-image pattern of fatigue. Fatigue was negatively correlated with activity levels at all times except the cycle 2 midpoint and positively correlated with awakenings at night only at the cycle 2 midpoint. Activity levels were significantly lower in women receiving doxorubicin-based protocols. CONCLUSIONS Roller-coaster patterns of fatigue and activity have not been previously reported in this patient population. Examination of the inverse relationship between fatigue and activity will assist nurses in the development and testing of interventions to modify fatigue. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Women should be instructed to monitor the intensity of fatigue and encouraged to maintain activity levels balanced with efficient rest periods. Nurses can inform women that these patterns may be expected to be similar during the first three chemotherapy cycles.
4-(4-Nitrobenzyl)pyridinium 3-carboxy-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate

In the title salt, C12H11N2O2 +·C7H5O6S−, the dihedral angle between the benzene and pyridine rings in the 4-(4-nitrobenzyl)pyridinium cation is 82.7 (2)°. Within the anion there is an intramolecular hydroxy-O—H⋯O(carboxylic acid) bond. In the crystal, the cation forms a single N+—H⋯Osulfonate hydrogen bond with the anion. These cation–anion pairs interact through duplex anion carboxylic acid O—H⋯Osulfonate hydrogen bonds, giving a centrosymmetric cyclic association [graph set R 2 2(16)]. The crystals studied were non-merohedrally twinned.
Do Higher Wages Reduce Knowledge Worker's Job Mobility? Evidence for Swedish Inventors

Based on linked employer-employee panel data on all Swedish inventors, this paper analyses how wages affect inventors' job mobility. It is commonly assumed that higher wages reduce mobility because they reduce the value of outside opportunities. We argue that higher wages also send performance signals to potential employers, who raise their wage offers in response. By disentangling the effects of higher wages, we show evidence of a utility and an opportunity cost effect, which reduce mobility, and a performance-signalling effect, which increases mobility. In our data, the effects cancel each other out, with no effects of wages on mobility rates on average. We find, however, that for star inventors, who have sufficiently strong alternative performance signals (e.g., strong patent records), the performance signal sent by wages is crowded out by the alternative signals. Accordingly, for star inventors we find that higher wages decrease mobility. (Less)
Improved survival of orthotopic liver allograft in swine by addition of trophic factors to University of Wisconsin solution

Serum-free preservation media such as University of Wisconsin (UW) may cause tissue damage through trophic factor (TF) deprivation. This study evaluated whether the addition of TFs to UW solution improves liver graft quality after extended cold preservation time in pigs. UW solution was supplemented with epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1, nerve growth factor-&bgr;, bactenecin, and substance P to create TF-supplemented (TFS) UW. Orthotopic liver transplantation was performed after 18 hr of static cold storage at 4°C in UW (n=7) or TFS-UW (n=7) solution. Recipients of grafts preserved with TFS-UW demonstrated significantly better 5-day survival (57%) than those preserved with UW alone (14%) (P <0.05). Adenosine triphosphate content in grafts preserved in TFS-UW was significantly higher than in grafts preserved in UW (17.4±5.0 vs. 4.8±1.2 nmol/mg protein, respectively) (P <0.05). This study showed that the addition of TFs to UW solution allowed a significant extension of cold ischemic time in pigs.
Investigation of torque and flux-current producing components in indirect rotor flux oriented control (IRFOC) of induction machines

This paper presents an investigation of torque and flux-current producing components in indirect rotor flux oriented control (IRFOC) of induction machine. Induction machine faced the problems when the motor rotates at the highest speed due to complex mathematical model based on the previous research. Therefore, to prove that there have the coupling effect, the investigation towards the torque and flux current component of IRFOC is done. The method that have been used to detect the problem is by using simulation method on MATLAB software. The algorithm and controller that been used is Field Oriented Control (FOC) because it is the first method in drive system that are been used in order to solve the induction machine problems. Simulation results presented in this paper show the torque, rotor flux, direct and quadrant current component when varying the value of torque and flux.
Groundwater regulation in case of overdraft: national groundwater policy implementation in north-west China

Abstract This article analyzes why China’s national groundwater policy is implemented in a fragmented way. The question is addressed through a comparative case-study analysis of groundwater management in north-west China. The analysis focuses on the institutional context in which local government agencies responsible for groundwater management operate. It was found that direct pressure from the central government promotes policy implementation. Yet, the distribution of surface and groundwater management responsibilities over different government agencies also influences the importance attached to groundwater regulation. In a conjunctive-use setting the integration of surface water and groundwater management facilitates effective groundwater regulation.
Anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation and chronic heart failure: the risk and drug of choice

Purpose of review This review seeks to provide an evidence-based update on the issue of atrial fibrillation and chronic heart failure with an emphasis on anticoagulation and the expanding use of the novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs). Recent findings There is an increasing appreciation of the important reciprocal relationship between atrial fibrillation and heart failure and the negative prognostic impact that each condition has on the other. There are now four NOACs approved for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. There are increasing data to support their use in atrial fibrillation with heart failure, including in patients with nonmechanical or rheumatic valvular disease, and to facilitate direct current cardioversion. The choice of NOAC is heavily dependent on individual patient characteristics. Summary The use of and indications for NOACs for patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation are rapidly increasing.
Neuroticism and cynicism and risk of death in middle‐aged men: the Western Electric Study.

&NA; MMPI measures of neuroticism (N) and of cynicism (C) were obtained at the initial examination of 1871 employed, middle‐aged men in Chicago. Neither N nor C was significantly associated cross‐sectionally with systolic blood pressure or serum cholesterol, but both were positively associated with cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. N was not significantly associated with risk of death from coronary disease, other cardiovascular diseases, cancer, all other causes combined, or all causes combined after adjustment for C, age, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, systolic blood pressure, and serum cholesterol. C was significantly associated with coronary death and total mortality after adjustment for N and the other variables listed above, and relative risks of 1.4 to 1.6 were observed for all endpoints. These results support the idea that neuroticism is not associated with major causes of mortality, but that cynicism is associated with several causes. The associations between cynicism and mortality may be mediated by cigarette smoking and excessive alcohol consumption since adjustment for these factors may have been incomplete due to correlation between cynicism and errors in self‐reported data.
Cortical excitability in drug-naive patients with partial epilepsy

Objective: To use paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to investigate cortical excitability in drug-naive patients with partial epilepsy. Methods: Twenty-one drug-naive patients with partial epilepsy and 15 control subjects were studied. The relaxed threshold to TMS, the central silent period, and the intracortical inhibition/facilitation were measured. Statistics implied cluster analysis methods. Also assessed were the patient interictal EEG epileptiform abnormalities (EAs) on a semiquantitative basis. Then the TMS was contrasted to the clinical and EEG findings, using χ2 or Fisher exact tests. Results: One-third of the patients made up a “pathologic” cluster with a disrupted intracortical inhibition (p < 0.01). Two-thirds had a normal inhibition. Interictal EAs predominated in the pathologic cluster, for frequency (p < 0.04), duration (p < 0.04), and focality (p < 0.02). Conclusions: Intracortical inhibition, which was impaired in one-third of the patients, reflects γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) activity within cortical area 4. Defective GABA inhibition is a typical pathogenic factor in partial epilepsy. Transcranial magnetic stimulation proved able to detect it. The weaker cortical inhibition had a direct relation to the severity of interictal epileptiform abnormalities.
Recognition of cysteine‐containing peptides through prompt fragmentation of the 4‐dimethylaminophenylazophenyl‐4′‐maleimide derivative during analysis by MALDI‐MS

Under specified UV‐MALDI conditions, the 4‐dimethylaminophenylazophenyl‐4'‐maleimide (DABMI) derivative of cysteine‐containing peptides undergoes prompt fragmentation to produce a characteristic mass spectral pattern. As reported previously by others, derivatization with chromophoric DABMI allows cysteine‐containing peptides and proteins to be tracked during HPLC by absorbance at upper UV and visible wavelengths. Here, we describe methodology by which these same peptide derivatives can be recognized by their distinctive MALDI mass spectral fragmentation pattern, then mass mapped, allowing for easy, rapid identification of cysteine‐containing peptides.
Adaptive estimation of velocity and acceleration with high gain input observer

The design of an ideal differentiator is a difficult and a challenging task. In this paper, we propose two types of differentiators to estimate the time-derivative of an output signal. To begin with, a velocity estimator is proposed based on the adaptive identification method and compared with the exact differentiator proposed by Levant. Then, an acceleration estimator is proposed with the non-passifiable adaptive schemes. Finally, the proposed differentiators are applied to the estimation of the speed and acceleration of the mass-spring system. The simulation results show that the proposed differentiators are robust to additive noises.
Performance evaluation of cooperation-based techniques for M2M traffic over LTE

Long Term Evolution (LTE) and its evolved version, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), are the standards developed by 3GPP to avoid the limitations associated to 3G networks. Efforts have been put on the improvement of system performance in terms of data rates. Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) and inter-cell interference avoidance techniques have been widely studied in order to do that. However, not only is the increase in data rate important, but also latency reduction is a crucial factor to be considered for some applications. For instance, Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications are nowadays one of the most promising applications, which are very sensitive to delay. In this work, we evaluate one of the most promising CoMP techniques, i.e. non-precoded Joint Transmission (non-precoded JT) and one of the most widely studied Inter-Cell Interference (ICI) avoidance technique, i.e. Partial Frequency Reuse (PFR). The objective is to determine whether, in addition to increase the data rates, they also reduce the latency. Simulation results show that PFR presents a greater reduction in the mean packet delay than this associated to non-precoded JT.
RecA-Mediated Cleavage of λ cI Repressor Accepts Repressor Dimers: Probable Role of Prolyl Cis-Trans Isomerization and Catalytic Involvement of H163, K177, and K232 of RecA

Abstract The λ cI repressor is found to be cleaved in the presence of activated RecA in its DNA- bound dimeric form at a rate similar to that in the absence of operator DNA in contrast to previous studies inferring repressor monomer as a preferred substrate. Though activated RecA does not possess any measurable isomerase activity against a standard peptide substrate, prolyl isomerase inhibitors cyclosporin A and rapamycin do inhibit RecA-mediated cleavage. Histidine and lysine to a smaller extent, are shown to cleave cI repressor in a non- enzymatic fashion whereas arginine and glutamate do not. When activated RecA filament is covalently modified by using an excess of diethyl pyrocarbonate or maleic anhydride, RecA- mediated cleavage of cI repressor is inhibited. Combining our chemical modification data with model building and earlier mutagenesis data, it is argued that H163, K177, and K232 in RecA are crucial residues involved in cI repressor cleavage by combining with the catalytic Ser149 and K192 in the repressor. It is suggested by model building that subunits n, n+4, and n+5 in the RecA filament contribute one loop each for holding the C-terminal domain of the repressor during cleavage within the RecA helical groove, explaining why its ADP-form is inactive and its ATP-form is active regarding repressor cleavage.
Role of carbohydrate recognition domains of pertussis toxin in adherence of Bordetella pertussis to human macrophages

Pertussis toxin (PT) and filamentous hemagglutinin can each mediate the association of Bordetella pertussis with human macrophages. Adherence via filamentous hemagglutinin leads to integrin-mediated entry and survival of the bacteria within the human cell. We determined the contribution of PT to bacterial adherence to human macrophages. Plating macrophages on wells coated with recombinant PT subunit 2 (S2) or S3 decreased PT-dependent bacterial binding by greater than 60%; S1, S4, and S5 were ineffective. S3-dependent adherence was reduced 63% +/- 8% by sialic acid, while S2-dependent adherence was reduced 53% +/- 11% by galactose. Loss of the carbohydrate recognition properties of S2 by deletion of residues 40 to 54 or site-specific mutations at Asn-93, His-47, or Arg-50 eliminated the ability of the subunit protein to competitively inhibit bacterial binding. Peptides corresponding to residues 28 to 45 of S2 and S3 competitively inhibited adherence. Treatment of macrophages with antibodies to Le(a) or Le(x) but not CD14, CD15, CD18, or HLA interfered with PT-mediated binding. Exposure of the macrophages to the B oligomer, S2, or S3 increased binding to the CD11b/CD18 integrin. These results indicate that the carbohydrate recognition domains of both S2 and S3 participate in adherence of B. pertussis to human macrophages. The PT receptor(s), as yet unidentified, appears to carry the Le(a) or Le(x) determinants and is functionally capable of modulating integrin-mediated binding to the macrophage.
Modeling Gynodioecy: Novel Scenarios for Maintaining Polymorphism

Nuclear‐cytoplasmic gynodioecy is a breeding system of plants in which females and hermaphrodites co‐occur in populations, and gender is jointly determined by cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) genes and nuclear restorers of male fertility. Persistent polymorphism at both CMS and nuclear‐restorer loci is necessary to maintain this breeding system. Theoretical models have explained how nuclear‐cytoplasmic gynodioecy can be stable for certain assumptions. However, recent advances in our understanding of the genetics, population biology, and molecular mechanisms of sex determination in nuclear‐cytoplasmic gynodioecious species suggest the utility of new models with different underlying assumptions. In this article, we examine different negative pleiotropic fitness effects of nuclear restorers (costs of restoration) using genetic and population assumptions based on recent literature. Specifically, we model populations with two CMS types and separate nuclear restorer loci for each CMS type. Under these assumptions, both overdominance for fitness and frequency‐dependent selection at nuclear‐restorer loci can support nuclear‐cytoplasmic gynodioecy. Costs of restoration can be either dependent or independent of the cytoplasmic background. Seed fitness costs are more vulnerable to fixation of CMS types than pollen costs. Survivorship costs are effective at maintaining polymorphism even when total reproductive effects are low. Overall, our models display differences in the stability of nuclear‐cytoplasmic gynodioecy and predicted population sex ratios that should be informative to researchers studying gynodioecy in the wild.
Arabidopsis IWS1 interacts with transcription factor BES1 and is involved in plant steroid hormone brassinosteroid regulated gene expression

Plant steroid hormones, brassinosteroids (BRs), regulate essential growth and developmental processes. BRs signal through membrane-localized receptor BRI1 and several other signaling components to regulate the BES1 and BZR1 family transcription factors, which in turn control the expression of hundreds of target genes. However, knowledge about the transcriptional mechanisms by which BES1/BZR1 regulate gene expression is limited. By a forward genetic approach, we have discovered that Arabidopsis thaliana Interact-With-Spt6 (AtIWS1), an evolutionarily conserved protein implicated in RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) postrecruitment and transcriptional elongation processes, is required for BR-induced gene expression. Loss-of-function mutations in AtIWS1 lead to overall dwarfism in Arabidopsis, reduced BR response, genome-wide decrease in BR-induced gene expression, and hypersensitivity to a transcription elongation inhibitor. Moreover, AtIWS1 interacts with BES1 both in vitro and in vivo. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that the presence of AtIWS1 is enriched in transcribed as well as promoter regions of the target genes under BR-induced conditions. Our results suggest that AtIWS1 is recruited to target genes by BES1 to promote gene expression during transcription elongation process. Recent genomic studies have indicated that a large number of genes could be regulated at steps after RNAPII recruitment; however, the mechanisms for such regulation have not been well established. The study therefore not only establishes an important role for AtIWS1 in plant steroid–induced gene expression but also suggests an exciting possibility that IWS1 protein can function as a target for pathway-specific activators, thereby providing a unique mechanism for the control of gene expression.