Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interactions between short- and long-term health of children: A case from rural Ethiopia

In contrast to other studies, this paper examines the determinants of short-term child health by controlling for the long-term health status of children. Using data from rural Ethiopia and linear mixed models that control for individual heterogeneity, the empirical analysis indicate that the effect of per capita household expenditures on the weight-for-age z-scores of children in rural Ethiopia is influenced by the children's height-for-age z-scores implying that the efficiency with which short-term health inputs are transformed into health outcomes is significantly affected by long-term health status of children.
Object-oriented Networking : An ICN-based Architecture for the IOE

We propose the object-oriented networking (OON) framework, for meeting the generalized interconnection, mobility and technology integration requirements underlining the Internet. In OON, the various objects that need to be accessed through the Internet (content, smart things, services, people, etc.) are viewed as network layer resources, rather than as application layer resources as in the IP communications model. By abstracting them as computing objects -with attributes and methodsthey are identified by expressive, discoverable names, while data are exchanged between them in the context of their methods, based on suitably defined system-specific names. An OON-enabled Internet is not only a global data delivery medium but also a universal object discovery and service development platform; service-level interactions can be realized through native network means, without requiring standardized protocols. OON can be realized through existing softwaredefined networking or network functions virtualization technologies and it can be deployed in an incremental fashion.
Locked Plate Fixation of Proximal Humerus Fractures Using Cannulated Subchondral Support Pegs

Background In severely osteoporotic proximal humerus fractures, the biomechanics of fixed-angle fracture fixation with locked smooth pegs may be improved by using polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) augmentation. Commercially available smooth pegs were modified (added a central cannula and two distal side ports) to accommodate bone cement injection around the pegs. The failure strength and stiffness of proximal humerus fracture fixation with modified pegs and PMMA augmentation was evaluated. Methods Nineteen fresh-frozen cadaveric humeri were fixated with a locked plate using: (i) smooth pegs (seven specimens), (ii) threaded pegs (six specimens) or (iii) modified smooth pegs with PMMA augmentation (six specimens). The osteotomized humeri constructs were subjected to an axial compressive load to failure at loading rate of 5 mm/minute. The maximum failure load and slope for each specimen was calculated. Results There was no difference (p > 0.31) between the failure strength of constructs containing smooth or threaded pegs. However, the mean failure strength and stiffness of modified smooth pegs with PMMA augmentation was higher than the constructs containing either the smooth or threaded pegs. Conclusions The results obtained in the present study show that the use of PMMA augmentation along with smooth pegs may benefit humerus fracture patients with severe osteoporosis.
Bexarotene and Hypopituitarism

ABSTRACT Objective: Bexarotene is currently approved for treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and is also under investigation for other cancers such as lung, breast, and thyroid cancer. We recently reported a patient with mycosis fungoides treated with bexarotene. The treatment induced hypopituitarism characterized by hypogonadism, hypothyroidism, and hypoadrenalism, which had not been previously reported. Methods: Here we report a second case with the same features and emphasize the possible risk of adrenal insufficiency during bexarotene treatment. Results: A 59 year-old male patient was diagnosed with anaplastic lymphoma. He was treated with 6 cycles of chemotherapy and interferon alfa 2b in the first 2 years of his treatment. Later, bexarotene treatment was initiated because lymphoma progression was observed. The patient developed hypopituitarism characterized by hypogonadism, hypothyroidism, and hypoadrenalism 2 months after bexarotene therapy. Conclusions: Clinicians should have a high index of su.
Spirituality and Happiness: ACorrelative Study

Spirituality and Happiness are very important concepts of human life. Spirituality relates to higher self. Happiness is happy self, a satisfied self in harmony. The present study is aimed to find correlation between these two important concepts of human life, namely, spirituality and happiness. The SISRI (The Spiritual Intelligence Self Report Inventory 2008) questionnaire and Oxford Happiness questionnaire were used. Purposive sampling technique was used wherein a school was selected purposely because of the availability where in the whole group of teachers was taken cluster sample of 20 teachers (between age of 22 to 35years were selected from Gandhidham city.) Pearson Product Moment Correlation method was used to compute correlation coefficient between the scores of SISRI and Oxford Happiness. Results of study showed that there is a positive high correlation between spirituality and happiness.
Automated Color Balance and Contrast Enhancement of Retinal Images for Visual Diagnosis

Color retinal image enhancement plays an important role in creating an image suitable for medical diagnosis for the early detection of eye disease. For this problem domain, we propose histogram-based color balance and contrast enhancement (CBCE) which automatically adjusts the intensity values under psychometric constraints by employing generalized extreme value functions. The results show that our algorithm performs color retinal image enhancement well, while retaining a pleasing natural appearance for visually diagnosing the image. The performance of our method has been evaluated against data from the Structured Analysis of the Retina and the Diabetic Retinopathy image databases. Keywords—Histogram specification, generalized extreme value, retinal images, color balance, psychometric function.
Predicting and Explaining the Adoption of Mobile Banking

Mobile banking is a typical application of mobile communications technology in the bank industry. While it has many advantages, the adoption rate of mobile banking is significantly lower than that of other mobile value-added services. This study focuses on how customers perceive and adopt mobile banking in China. Based on the technology acceptance model and the DeLone and McLean model, this paper proposes a theoretical model to explain and predict consumer intention to use mobile banking. We test the model through an empirical study using structural equation modeling techniques. The results show perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use are important factors affecting consumer adoption intention toward mobile banking, and information quality, system quality and service quality have indirect effects on adoption intention through perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. This paper offers insights on mobile banking success based on the findings of our work.
A Comparison of Reinforcement Learning Algorithms in Fairness-Oriented OFDMA Schedulers

Due to large-scale control problems in 5G access networks, the complexity of radioresource management is expected to increase significantly. Reinforcement learning is seen as apromising solution that can enable intelligent decision-making and reduce the complexity of differentoptimization problems for radio resource management. The packet scheduler is an importantentity of radio resource management that allocates users’ data packets in the frequency domainaccording to the implemented scheduling rule. In this context, by making use of reinforcementlearning, we could actually determine, in each state, the most suitable scheduling rule to be employedthat could improve the quality of service provisioning. In this paper, we propose a reinforcementlearning-based framework to solve scheduling problems with the main focus on meeting the userfairness requirements. This framework makes use of feed forward neural networks to map momentarystates to proper parameterization decisions for the proportional fair scheduler. The simulation resultsshow that our reinforcement learning framework outperforms the conventional adaptive schedulersoriented on fairness objective. Discussions are also raised to determine the best reinforcement learningalgorithm to be implemented in the proposed framework based on various scheduler settings.
Probiotics in food safety and human health

Introduction to Prebiotics and Probiotics, Wilhelm H. Holzapfel Development of Probiotic Food Ingredients, Katja Schmid, Ralf-Christian Schlothauer, Udo Friedrich,Christine Staudt, Juha Apajalahti, and Egon Bech Hansen Taxonomy and Biology of Probiotics, Lorenzo Morelli and Maria L. Callegari Primary Sources of Probiotic Cultures, Daniel J. O'Sullivan Properties of Evidence-Based Probiotics for Human Health, Lynne V. McFarland and Gary W. Elmer Genetic Engineering of Probiotic Bacteria, Collette Desmond, Paul Ross, Gerald F. Fitzgerald, and Catherine Stanton Immunochemical Methods for Detection of Probiotics, Analia G. Abraham, Maria Serradell, Graciela L. Garrote,Alberto C. Fossati, and Graciela L. De Antoni Molecular-Based Methods Directed Toward Probiotics, Marlene E. Janes and Nigel Cook Application of Repetitive Element Sequence-Based (rep-) PCR and Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis for the Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Probiotic Products, Robin Temmerman, Liesbeth Masco, Geert Huys, and Jean Swings Genetically Modified Probiotics, Farid E. Ahmed Use of Probiotics in Preharvest Food Safety Applications, Francisco Diez-Gonzalez and Gerry P. Schamberger Preharvest Food Safety Applications of Competitive Exclusion Cultures and Probiotics, Robin C. Anderson, Kenneth J. Genovese, Roger B. Harvey,Todd R. Callaway, and David J. Nisbet Probiotics as Biopreservatives for Enhancing Food Safety, Ipek Goktepe EU Perspectives on Food, Gastrointestinal Tract Functionality, and Human Health, Tiina Mattila-Sandholm, Liisa Lahteenmaki, and Maria Saarela Modulation of Epithelial Function and Local Immune System by Probiotics: Mechanisms Involved, Sandrine Menard and Martine Heyman Probiotics in Cancer Prevention, Kazuhiro Hirayama and Joseph Rafter Statistical Considerations for Testing the Efficacy of Probiotics, Mohamed Ahmedna The Safety of Probiotics in Foods in Europe and Its Legislation, Arthur C. Ouwehand, Vanessa Vankerckhoven, Herman Goossens,Geert Huys, Jean Swings, Marc Vancanneyt, and Anu Lahteenmaki Probiotics in Food Safety and Human Health: Current Status of Regulations on the Use of Probiotics in Foods in Japan, Yoichi Fukushima and Hisakazu Iino Index
Fortgeschrittene tomographische Bildgebung für die Untersuchung von Mehrphasenströmungen in Industrieapparaten Advanced tomographic imaging for multi-phase flow investigations in industrial apparatuses

Investigations on twoand multiphase flow phenomena inside technical apparatuses or feedings are of highest interest for designers and operators since the knowledge helps to understand the fundamental physics behind processes, e.g. in chemical and process engineering. It expedites the development of safer and more efficiently operated industrial facilities. Furthermore, measured data are used to validate new models developed for multiphase flow simulation, e.g. CFD. For non-intrusive two-phase flow investigations, two radiation-based computed tomography (CT) scanners are operated at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf (HZDR) at the department of Fluid Dynamics: a high-resolution gamma-ray computed tomography scanner (HireCT) and an ultrafast electron beam X-ray CT scanner (ROFEX). They are able to recover non-superimposed cross-sectional material distributions of the scanned plane or volume section within the flow as time averaged images or time resolved image sequences. The capabilities of both CT systems are demonstrated exemplarily at experiments on an industrial scale bubble column, a fluidized bed and a static mixer.
CEFTRIAXONE INCREASES THE THICKNESS OFESCHERICHIA COLIBIOFILM

The term ‘biofilm’ was described in 1978 by Costerton. It is clear that biofilm formation is part of the normal growth cycle of most bacteria. A biofilm can be defined as a sessile community, surfaceassociated microorganism characterized by cells that are irreversibly attached to a living ornonliving substratum to form a multilayered cell clusters that embedded in a matrix of extracellular polysaccharide (slime), that they have produced, which facilitates the adherence of these microorganisms to the surfaces and protect them from host immune system and antimicrobial therapy. Biofilm formation is therefore a major problem in many fields, ranging from industrial corrosionandbiofouling to chronic and nosocomial infections. Hence this work aimed to investigate the resistance of E. coli biofilm cells to one of the third generation cephalosporin; ceftriaxone in comparison to planktonic cells. Although that, certain antimicrobial agents could significantly reduce the biofilm layer. These effects appear to depend on the particular strain and antimicrobial agent under investigation. For instance, certain levels of antibiotic were shown to increased biofilm formation. The impact of Ceftriaxone on biofilm was investigated and it was found that the biofilm of E. coli has increased with the increase of Ceftriaxone minimum inhibition concentration.
Pathologic Fracture of The Patella Secondary to a Gouty Tophus

Gout is a rare cause of patellar fracture, with few documented cases. We report a case of gout tophi in the patella, the severe transverse fracture resulting from minor trauma. The patient was managed by the same treatment principles used for patients with nonpathologic patella fractures. We preformed excising the mass, fixing the bone fragment and filling in bone defect with allograft bone. Union of the fracture was seen at three months follow-up. The patient has recovered completely and returned to his former work after 3 months postoperatively.
Between two worlds: harmonizing automated and manual term labelling

In the era of enormous information production human capabilities have reached their limits. The need for automatic information processing which would not be incommensurate to human sophistication seems to be more than imperative. Information scientists have focused on the development of techniques and processes that would assist human contribution while improve, or at least guarantee, information quality. Automatic indexing techniques may lay on various approaches offering different results in information retrieval. In this paper, we introduce an automated methodology for subject analysis, including both the determination of the aboutness of the documents and the translation of the related concepts to system terms. Focusing on a corpus consisting of articles related to the Digital Library Evaluation domain, topic modeling algorithms are utilized for the aboutness of the documents, while the context of the words in topics, as captured by Word Embeddings, are used for the translation of the extracted topics to EuroVoc concepts.
Urine Tests for Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases and Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogens

The relation between disease and urine was recognized by physicians since the earliest civilization BC. Urine is considered an ideal diagnostic specimen for its noninvasive and easy method of collection. Urinalysis encompasses a wide range of tests, which includes a variety of chemical tests, urine microscopy, bacterial cultures, and molecular tests. Importantly, urine tests can diagnose patients with antibiotic-resistant urinary tract infections (UTI), directly from urine and/or bacterial culture. This chapter summarizes the most common urine tests in the infectious disease field, with a special focus on diagnosing UTI and characterizing their antibiotic resistant. In addition to describing the advantages and limitation of these tests, the chapter explores the promising emerging technologies and methods in this field. This chapter is beneficial for scientists and healthcare workers in the field.
COMMON FISHERIES POLICY : THE LIMITS OF “ PRIVATIZATION

Within the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP), the fishing rights are regulated through national licenses and catch quotas. The management of these rights are the competence of individual member states and varies from member to member. The principle of Relative Stability, which guides the allocation of fishing possibilities, is an exemption from the internal market that is embedded in the CFP. Although the introduction of individual transferable quotas tends to increase concentration of fishing rights in fewer hands, it would increase economic efficiency. The issue of introducing a more liberal property rights trade system will have to confront the distributional effects of such a coasian proposal.
Leadership Styles and Management

In this essay we discuss the transformational and transactional leadership styles in the management of violence and crisis situations within the clinical setting and in mental health units. We begin our discussion with studies on the need for disaster management teams and structured command system within hospitals to help ensure that patients receive proper care when needed. We then briefly discuss the differences of transformational and transactional leadership styles and suggest that both personality patterns and attitudes towards these styles determine care and change management within the hospitals.
UNDERSTANDING SMART CITY : A SHAREABLE FRAMEWORK . THE CASE OF CHINA

Smart City is a new concept that uses Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to promote the smartification of urban construction, planning and services. Currently, a number of countries and cities have conducted studies on Smart City, but they mostly focused on the conceptual connotations analysis and applications in specific domains, lacking a common, shareable and integrated framework understanding, which led to significant barriers among individual Smart City projects. By analyzing the framework connotations and application domains of Smart City, this paper proposed a common, shareable and integrated conceptual framework for smart city. Then based on this framework, a unified portal platform that is suitable for multiple domains, including the government, citizen and business, as well as common, custom and other application modes, is further proposed. Finally, Smart Weifang was implemented based on this platform. The application outcomes indicate that this common and shareable platform can effectively eliminate the data and technological barriers between different smart city systems, while also avoiding redundant financial investments. The investigation of the proposed framework and platform is of key significance to the unified construction of Smart City and the intensification of the hardware environment, thus representing a true achievement in the transition from “information island” to “information sharing and interconnection” for urban informatization.
The single monetary policy and the analytics of OCAs – what has the euro area experience taught us ?

It gives me great pleasure to be here today to give this public lecture on the European experience with monetary union. The fact that the lecture is taking place at my Αlma Μater makes this occasion a particularly special one for me, and I am grateful to Howard Davis and Kevin Featherstone for extending me the invitation. I hope that what I have to say will provide some food for thought. Indeed, I am hopeful that I may be able to convince some sceptics in the audience – and I know that they are out there – that monetary union among European countries can and does work!
Heuristic Fund Allocation Decisions

We demonstrate that fund investors employ a heuristic benchmark model to estimate alphas and allocate capital. This can result in observational equivalence to CAPM driven investment decisions. The benchmark estimator trades off bias against precision, accommodating finite sample constraints. The estimator does not require knowledge of the (unknown) true model. Under a diffuse prior on alpha, the benchmark estimator dominates factor model estimates by the MSE criterion in 88% of our sample. We derive a sufficient condition under which the benchmark estimator dominates, even when the true pricing model is known. Fund investors employ a sophisticated approach to capital allocation.
LCT-D : Proof Guided Tests for C Programs on LLVM Olli Saarikivi

Software defects can be very expensive, especially when encountered in economically critical or safety critical systems. Many of these defects can be avoided if it can be ensured that a program meets its specification. When the specification is given formally, for example with assertions embedded in the source code, automated software verification methods can be applied to determine whether a program complies to its specification. Recently there has been much interest in combining underapproximation and overapproximation based approaches to software verification. Such a technique is employed in the DASH algorithm by Beckman et al. [1], which combines dynamic symbolic execution (DSE) [3] with counterexample guided abstraction refinement (CEGAR) [2]. DASH attempts to generate tests based on counterexamples found in the abstraction. When test generation fails the abstraction is refined to remove the counterexample. The tests can be seen as an underapproximation of the reachable states of the program under test, which DASH tries to expand to include an error. The abstraction on the other hand is an overapproximation which, if error free, also proves the program under test to be so. The flowchart in Figure 1 provides a high-level overview of the DASH algorithm. DASH implements a modified CEGAR loop, where instead of directly checking whether a counterexample is spurious, DSE is used to generate a test that follows the path to the error in the abstraction at least one step more than in previously executed tests. When test generation fails abstraction refinement is performed to eliminate the path from the abstraction. To explain the algorithm better we will apply DASH to the program in Figure 2. The example program takes an input, which is marked by the call to input(). We wish to verify that no matter what this input value is the program can not execute the error statement on line 4. At startup DASH creates the initial abstraction from the program’s control flow graph (CFG): each program location corresponds to one node in the graph, called a region, and there is a directed edge between two regions if control could flow from the first region to the second. Now each region represents all states of the program at that program location. DASH also runs one initial test on the program with a random input. Let us say this input is 41, in which case
Migrant agricultural labour in Punjab : A sociological analysis

In the wake of structural transformation of agrarian Punjab, labour has assumed a greater significance. In spite of the fast mechanization, demand for labour went up due to expansion of agriculture. To fill the vacuum, labour from other states migrated to Punjab. The increasing inflow of migrant workforce in Punjab has far reaching consequences. With the objective of analyzing the impact of agricultural migrant labour on rural social set up, three districts of the Punjab state namely Patiala, Sangrur and Hoshiarpur were selected randomly from districts with maximum, less and least concentration of migrant labour, respectively. 300 migrant labourers were personally interviewed. This paper examines the socioeconomic and cultural factors that forced labour from other states to Punjab. As a result of long stay and employment in rural Punjab, a significant change in style and life chances of the migrants was also observed.