Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Visibility and aerosol composition in Houston, Texas

eelationships between light extinction coefficients, visual range, and aerosol mass and composition were studied in Houston, TX. Light extinction coefficients, measured with a telephotometer and black-box targets, agreed accurately with sums of light scattering and absorption coefficients. The light-scatteing coefficient due to particles in heated air was highly correlated (R = 0.987) with the mass concentration of fine particles (<2.5 .mu.m), and the ratio of averages was 3.5 m/sup 2/g/sup -1/. Major species in the fine fraction were 18% carbon and 54% sulfate and related cations; the average sulfate was predominantly ammonium sulfate mixed with 19% sulfuric acid during the day and 7% sulfuric acid at night. The coarse fraction (2.5-15 .mu.m) was alkaline and consisted of 69% crustal matter, 12% carbon, and 7% nitrate. The average daytime light extinction coefficient was apportioned 32% to sulfate and related cations, 17-24% to carbon, 16% to water on particles, 6% to Rayleigh scattering, 5% to nitrogen dioxide, and 13 +/- 7% to unmeasured matter.
Deep learning in medical image registration

Image registration is a fundamental task in multiple medical image analysis applications. With the advent of deep learning, there have been significant advances in algorithmic performance for various computer vision tasks in recent years, including medical image registration. The last couple of years have seen a dramatic increase in the development of deep learning-based medical image registration algorithms. Consequently, a comprehensive review of the current state-of-the-art algorithms in the field is timely, and necessary. This review is aimed at understanding the clinical applications and challenges that drove this innovation, analysing the functionality and limitations of existing approaches, and at providing insights to open challenges and as yet unmet clinical needs that could shape future research directions. To this end, the main contributions of this paper are: (a) discussion of all deep learning-based medical image registration papers published since 2013 with significant methodological and/or functional contributions to the field; (b) analysis of the development and evolution of deep learning-based image registration methods, summarising the current trends and challenges in the domain; and (c) overview of unmet clinical needs and potential directions for future research in deep learning-based medical image registration.
Investigation of the temporal rearrangement of zirconium hydride precipitates in cladding material for the interim and final storage period

Abstract Within the scope of the pending search for a final storage site location for highly radioactive waste such as used fuel assemblies, the cladding integrity in case of a relocation of the rod from an interim storage to a final storage cask remains uncertain. In order to assess the potential reduction of the rod integrity by hydride precipitation and reorientation, a study of the long-term behaviour of hydrides in Zircaloy 2 is carried out. The focus is on simulation and analysis of the precipitation behaviour under different load conditions such as starting temperatures of 673 K, hoop stresses of up to 150 MPa and cooling rates between 4 and 1 K/h. The analytical methods comprised microscopic investigations as well as X-ray diffraction analyses and first results from imaging with X-rays.
Automated Driving: A Literature Review of the Take over Request in Conditional Automation

In conditional automation (level 3), human drivers can hand over the Driving Dynamic Task (DDT) to the Automated Driving System (ADS) and only be ready to resume control in emergency situations, allowing them to be engaged in non-driving related tasks (NDRT) whilst the vehicle operates within its Operational Design Domain (ODD). Outside the ODD, a safe transition process from the ADS engaged mode to manual driving should be initiated by the system through the issue of an appropriate Take Over Request (TOR). In this case, the driver’s state plays a fundamental role, as a low attention level might increase driver reaction time to take over control of the vehicle. This paper summarizes and analyzes previously published works in the field of conditional automation and the TOR process. It introduces the topic in the appropriate context describing as well a variety of concerns that are associated with the TOR. It also provides theoretical foundations on implemented designs, and report on concrete examples that are targeted towards designers and the general public. Moreover, it compiles guidelines and standards related to automation in driving and highlights the research gaps that need to be addressed in future research, discussing also approaches and limitations and providing conclusions.
In situ Immobilization of Gold Nanoparticle Dimers in Silica Nanoshell by Microemulsion Coalescence

A novel method based on controlled microemulsion coalescence was developed for immobilization of gold nanoparticle dimers in silica nanoshell. Gold nanoparticles were prepared in water-in-oil microemulsion, and then the microemulsion was intentionally fused by ethanol to form gold nanoparticle dimers. Afterward, the gold-containing droplets were vitrified by silica to stabilize the dimers. Transmission electron microscopy and UV−vis spectra were used to study the coalescence process and demonstrated our ability to control the size of gold nanoparticles and the thickness of the silica coating. The encapsulation of gold nanoparticle assemblies into silica particles also prevents further agglomeration and makes additional functionalization possible.
Stress Promotion of the 1958 Mw∼7.8 Fairweather Fault Earthquake and Others in Southeast Alaska by Glacial Isostatic Adjustment and Inter‐earthquake Stress Transfer

We assess how recent glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) and inter‐earthquake stress transfer modulated the state of stress on major faults in Southeast Alaska, and how these effects may have influenced recent large and moderate earthquakes. The Glacier Bay Icefield has lost >3,000 km3 of ice since ca. 1770, with ice thinning up to 1.5 km, and the rest of southeast Alaska has been deglaciating since ca. 1900. The resulting GIA response in the solid earth produces present‐day surface uplift rates of up to ∼4 cm/yr, among the fastest on Earth. This rapid deformation occurs directly alongside and atop the Fairweather Fault, which accommodates 4–5 cm/yr of right‐lateral motion through slip in frequent large earthquakes, recently including a Mw∼7.8 earthquake in 1958. We find that the 1958 earthquake nucleated very close to the location of maximum GIA‐induced Coulomb stress increase on the Fairweather Fault between 1770 and 1958 (estimated at ∼0.2–0.6 MPa), on the only section of fault where GIA‐induced stress changes had involved both right‐lateral shearing and unclamping. The September 10, 1899 Mw∼8.1 Yakutat Bay earthquake also promoted failure on at least the northwest part of the eventual 1958 rupture. In turn, the 1899 and 1958 earthquakes and GIA promoted failure along the St. Elias compressional margin, the site of a Mw∼7.4 event in 1979. While rapid tectonic loading is very likely the main driver of earthquakes in southeast Alaska, we estimate that 23 of 30 instrumentally constrained Mw ≥ 5.0 earthquakes in this region were also promoted by post‐1770 GIA.
Sounds Better? Potential Implications of Obscure American Viticultural Areas to Consumers

Abstract The American Viticultural Area (AVA) allows designated wine regions to be created, marketed, and protected. But many of the now 248 AVAs may be meaningless to consumers. Are AVAs thus meritless? Can AVAs affect consumers despite low recognition? A choice experiment examines three appellations that are applicable to the same wine: New Jersey, USA; Pilesgrove, New Jersey; and Outer Coastal Plain (OCP)—a New Jersey AVA. The results show that consumers prefer OCP wines over the former alternatives, affirming the marketing potential of AVAs that omit state names. Nevertheless, AVA may have exploited consumers’ lack of information.
Child-Driven Parenting: Differential Early Childhood Investment by Offspring Genotype

Abstract:A growing literature points to children's influence on parents' behavior, including parental investments in children. Further, previous research has shown differential parental response by socioeconomic status to children's birth weight, cognitive ability, and school outcomes—all early life predictors of later socioeconomic success. This study considers an even earlier, more exogenous predictor of parental investments: offspring genotype. Specifically, we analyze (1) whether children's genetic propensity toward educational success affects parenting during early childhood and (2) whether parenting in response to children's genetic propensity toward educational success is socially stratified. Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Survey of Parents and Children (N = 6,247), we construct polygenic indexes (PGIs) for educational attainment (EA) and regress cognitively stimulating parenting behavior during early childhood on these PGIs. We apply Mendelian imputation to construct the missing parental genotype. This approach allows us to control for both parents' PGIs for EA and thereby achieve a natural experiment: Conditional on parental genotype, the offspring genotype is randomly assigned. In this way, we eliminate the possibility that child's genotype may be proxying unmeasured parent characteristics. Results differ by parenting behavior: (1) parents' singing to the child is not affected by the child's EA PGI, (2) parents play more with children with higher EA PGIs, and (3) non-college-educated parents read more to children with higher education PGIs, while college-educated parents respond less to children's EA PGI.
Impact of travelling to high incidence countries on tuberculosis diagnostic delays among migrants: a retrospective study.

Background Most tuberculosis (TB) cases in high-income countries occur in foreign-born people, most of them coming from high incidence countries. However, migrants return more or less frequently to their birth countries. The aim of the study was to estimate the influence of travelling to high incidence countries on the diagnosis delay of tuberculosis in France. Methods a monocentric retrospective study of 224 consecutive cases followed at the Bas-Rhin Tuberculosis Prevention Centre. Results 59.3% of cases were born abroad. Migrants who did not develop TB soon after arrival and, who travelled since then to high incidence countries, had a mean diagnosis delay, since their last trip, comparable to median diagnostic delay among immigrants who did not travel since their arrival (3.2 vs 4.4 years, p = 0.42). Diagnostic delays are shorter among those reporting an exposition to TB during their journey (1.5 years vs 3.7 years, p = 0.2). Conclusion These results suggest a targeted information on the risk of TB and LTBI among those persons and screening for tuberculosis and LTBI, in certain cases, including vulnerable patients (dialysis, under immunosuppressant drugs including anti-TNF, HIV).
Defining the Rhizobium leguminosarum Species Complex

Bacteria currently included in Rhizobium leguminosarum are too diverse to be considered a single species, so we can refer to this as a species complex (the Rlc). We have found 429 publicly available genome sequences that fall within the Rlc and these show that the Rlc is a distinct entity, well separated from other species in the genus. Its sister taxon is R. anhuiense. We constructed a phylogeny based on concatenated sequences of 120 universal (core) genes, and calculated pairwise average nucleotide identity (ANI) between all genomes. From these analyses, we concluded that the Rlc includes 18 distinct genospecies, plus 7 unique strains that are not placed in these genospecies. Each genospecies is separated by a distinct gap in ANI values, usually at approximately 96% ANI, implying that it is a ‘natural’ unit. Five of the genospecies include the type strains of named species: R. laguerreae, R. sophorae, R. ruizarguesonis, “R. indicum” and R. leguminosarum itself. The 16S ribosomal RNA sequence is remarkably diverse within the Rlc, but does not distinguish the genospecies. Partial sequences of housekeeping genes, which have frequently been used to characterize isolate collections, can mostly be assigned unambiguously to a genospecies, but alleles within a genospecies do not always form a clade, so single genes are not a reliable guide to the true phylogeny of the strains. We conclude that access to a large number of genome sequences is a powerful tool for characterizing the diversity of bacteria, and that taxonomic conclusions should be based on all available genome sequences, not just those of type strains.
Divergent lineages in a semi‐arid mallee species, Eucalyptus behriana, correspond to a major geographic break in southeastern Australia

Abstract Aim To infer relationships between populations of the semi‐arid, mallee eucalypt, Eucalyptus behriana, to build hypotheses regarding evolution of major disjunctions in the species' distribution and to expand understanding of the biogeographical history of southeastern Australia. Location Southeastern Australia. Taxon Eucalyptus behriana (Myrtaceae, Angiospermae). Methods We developed a large dataset of anonymous genomic loci for 97 samples from 11 populations of E. behriana using double digest restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD‐seq), to determine genetic relationships between the populations. These relationships, along with species distribution models, were used to construct hypotheses regarding environmental processes that have driven fragmentation of the species’ distribution. Results Greatest genetic divergence was between populations on either side of the Lower Murray Basin. Populations west of the Basin showed greater genetic divergence between one another than the eastern populations. The most genetically distinct population in the east (Long Forest) was separated from others by the Great Dividing Range. A close relationship was found between the outlying northernmost population (near West Wyalong) and those in the Victorian Goldfields despite a large disjunction between them. Conclusions Patterns of genetic variation are consistent with a history of vicariant differentiation of disjunct populations. We infer that an early disjunction to develop in the species distribution was that across the Lower Murray Basin, an important biogeographical barrier separating many dry sclerophyll plant taxa in southeastern Australia. Additionally, our results suggest that the western populations fragmented earlier than the eastern ones. Fragmentation, both west and east of the Murray Basin, is likely tied to climatic changes associated with glacial‐interglacial cycles although it remains possible that major geological events including uplift of the Mount Lofty Ranges and basalt flows in the Newer Volcanics Province also played a role.
Assessing Teaching Effectiveness in a Basic Food Laboratory Setting: Phase One – Delphi Panel Study

ABSTRACT To ensure a high standard of teaching effectiveness in the delivery of instruction, universities employ various methods. The student evaluation tool (SET) has become the most commonly used measure of teaching effectiveness in a classroom environment. However, the majority of food laboratory instructors insist that these same criteria are not appropriate or applicable to measuring teaching effectiveness in a basic food laboratory setting. The purpose of this project was to develop a SET for assessing teaching effectiveness in a basic food laboratory setting at senior level institutions. Given the exploratory nature of the research, the authors convened a Delphi panel of leading academicians to identify the most desirable competencies and to develop the criteria for measuring each competency.
Report on “Neuropsychoanalysis around the world,” an online meeting hosted by the International Neuropsychoanalysis Society, July 2020

ABSTRACT The 21st Congress of the International Neuropsychoanalysis Society was scheduled to happen on July 9th to 11th in San Juan, Puerto Rico. The coronavirus pandemic led to postponing the event for 2021 and left the Society without its annual meeting. As the world quickly moved on to online communications, the organizing committee decided to have an event in lieu of the Congress on July 11th and 12th. It was titled “Neuropsychoanalysis around the world” and it saw a large audience (approximately 357 people) from all over the world, including Lithuania, Brazil, Argentina, the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Israel, Colombia, Canada, Australia, Germany, Austria, Italy, Uruguay, Turkey, Sweden, Puerto Rico, Spain, Japan, South Africa, Belgium, Chile, Finland, Greece, Ireland, Latvia, the Netherlands, Peru, Norway, Portugal, Switzerland, Ukraine and Mexico. Updates in research, clinical advances, and theory were presented to be followed by comments and discussions from attendees.
Impact of Black Garlic on Biomarkers of Arterial Stiffness and Frontal QRS-T Angle on Hypertensive Animal Model

Background: Hypertension is a silent killer disease that continues to increase every year. Non-optimal treatment of hypertension may heighten the risk of dangerous cardiovascular problems. Black garlic (BG) has been known as an antihypertensive; however, its effect on biomarkers of arterial stiffness and QRS-T angle direction is still not yet understood. Objectives: This study to identify the role of BG as an antihypertensive agent on biomarkers of arterial stiffness and QRS-T angle direction. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 30 male Wistar rats, which were randomly grouped into six, consisting of groups 1 and 2 (receiving drug carrier), group 3 (receiving captopril at 2.5 mg/kg), groups 4, 5 and 6 (receiving BG suspension at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively). All groups, except group 1, were given a high-fat diet and 25% fructose in drinking water for 28 days. Test drugs were given from day 15 to day 28 (for 14 days). The parameters measured were blood pressure, nitric oxide (NO) level in the serum, pulse wave velocity (PWV), heart rate and the QRS-T angle direction. Results: the BG doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg lowered blood pressure, increase NO serum level; ameliorate PWV and wide QRS-T angle (p
A high efficiency dual‐band outphasing power amplifier design

This article proposes a novel design methodology for dual‐band outphasing power amplifiers (PAs) with back‐off efficiency enhancement. While satisfying load modulation requirements of the Chireix outphasing PA, this work replaces the quarter‐wavelength impedance inverter in the classical structure with a dual‐band impedance inverter. In addition, two dual‐band reactance compensation networks that absorb the transistor parasitic capacitance are strategically placed. This mitigates the intrinsic reactive loading problem of the outphasing PA and also reduces circuit complexity. A comprehensive theoretical formulation of the proposed design is described and verified through the implementation of a dual‐band (2.6 and 3.5 GHz) PA prototype intended for LTE and 5G applications. This amplifier is built upon two 10‐W GaN HEMTs, and achieves a maximum power of 44.6 and 43.5 dBm with over 71% and 64% associated drain efficiencies at 2.6 and 3.5 GHz, respectively. At the 6 dB output back‐off points, corresponding efficiencies reached 58.4% and 50.1%, respectively. According to the best of authors' knowledge, this is the first dual‐band outphasing PA work with comparable performances to other load modulation type PA such as the Doherty.
Kristallstruktur von Sc(OH)3 und In(OH)3

Scandiumtrihydroxyd kristallisiert in der kubisch paramorphen Hemiedrie. In der Elementarzelle mit der Gitterkonstanten aw = 7,882±5 A befinden sich 8 Molekule. In der Raumgruppe T-Im 3 besitzt Scandium die Lage 8(c) und Sauerstoff die Lage 24(g) mit den Parametern y = 0,307±5, z = 0,182±5. Auf Grund einer besonderen Sekundarstruktur erscheint der Kristall pseudoholoedrisch. Als isotyp wurde gefunden In (OH)3. Die Struktur steht in enger Beziehung zum D09(ReO3)-Typ.
Optically induced absorption in porous silicon and its application to logic gates

We have observed a large optically induced absorption in porous silicon. The figure of merit for third order optical nonlinearity is of the order of 10 -3 (esu. cm), a value as large as that of a photorefractive material such as BaTiO 3 . By exploiting this phenomenon, we have made simple demonstrations of optical hysteresis, parallel image processing, and all-optical logic gates. These results point to the possibility of expanding the applications of Si semiconductors from electronics to all-optical technologies.
Chern-Simons Topology Geometrics for the generation of the RoccustyrnaTM molecule, a ligand targeting COVID-19-SARS-COV-2 SPIKE D614G binding sites

SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) encoding a SARS-COV-2 SPIKE D614G mutation in the viral spike (S) protein predominate over time in locales where it is found, implying that this change enhances viral transmission. It has also been observed that retroviruses pseudotyped with SG614 infected ACE2-expressing cells markedly more efficiently than those with SD614. The availability of newer modeling techniques, powerful computational resources, and good-quality data have made it possible to generate reliable predictions for new chemical entities, impurities, chemicals, natural products, and a lot of other substances fuelling further development and growth of the field to balance the trade-off between the molecular complexity and the quality of such predictions that cannot be obtained by any other method. In this article, we effectively use a decision tree to obtain an optimum number of small chemical active chemical features from a collection of thousands of them utilizing a shallow neural network and jointly free energy cumulative feature ranking method with decision tree taking both network parameters and input toxicity benchmark features into account. In this paper, we strongly combine methods that are simple in machine learning characteristics, efficient in computing resource usage, and powerful to achieve very high accuracy levels for the in-silico generation of the AI-Quantum designed molecule the RoccustyrnaTM small molecule, a multi-targeting druggable scaffold (1Z)-2‐{((2S,3S,5R)‐5‐ (2‐amino‐6‐oxo‐6,9‐dihydro‐1H‐purin‐9‐yl)‐3‐hydroxyoxolan‐2‐yl)methylidene}‐2‐cyano‐1‐({((2S,4R,5R)‐2‐methyl‐2‐(methylamino)‐1,6‐diazabicyclo(3.2.0)heptan‐4‐yl)oxy}imino)‐1lambda5,2lambda5‐azaphosphiridin‐1‐ylium.targeting the COVID-19-SARS-COV-2 SPIKE D614G mutation using Chern-Simons Topology Euclidean Geometric in a Lindenbaum-Tarski generated QSAR automating modeling and Artificial Intelligence-Driven Predictive Neural Networks.
On-line rail defect diagnosis with differential eddy current probes and specific detection processing

This paper presents a non destructive evaluation system for rail inspection with a device embedded in a subway train. The difficult operating conditions lead to the design of a specific double-coils and double-frequencies sensor that delivers 8 complementary signals. After the presentation of the technological solution, the paper deals with the detection of minor defects and presents three approaches: the first one is a time heuristic approach, the second one is based on wavelet basis projections, and the last one implements an inverse filtering which allows the transformation of the differential probe outputs into estimated absolute ones. The methods are validated statistically on a labeled defect data set with the help of ROC curves.