Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emilia: Catching Iago in Legacy Code

—There has been interest in mechanisms that enable the secure use of legacy code to implement trusted code in a Trusted Execution Environment (TEE), such as Intel SGX. However, because legacy code generally assumes the presence of an operating system, this naturally raises the spectre of Iago attacks on the legacy code. We observe that not all legacy code is vulnerable to Iago attacks and that legacy code must use return values from system calls in an unsafe way to have Iago vulnerabilities. Based on this observation, we develop Emilia, which automatically detects Iago vulnerabilities in legacy applications by fuzzing applications using system call return values. We use Emilia to discover 51 Iago vulnerabilities in 17 applications, and ﬁnd that Iago vulnerabilities are widespread and common. We conduct an in-depth analysis of the vulnerabilities we found and conclude that while common, the majority (82.4%) can be mitigated with simple, stateless checks in the system call forwarding layer, while the rest are best ﬁxed by ﬁnding and patching them in the legacy code. Finally, we study and evaluate different trade-offs in the design of Emilia.
Chapter 5 Variety of Transitions into Lone Parenthood

The rise in lone-parent households is part of the growing diversification of household types, living arrangements, and family forms that have presented in Europe over the last 40 years. In 2009 in Europe, the share of lone-parent households (calculated as the proportion of households with children under 18) ranged from 5–7% in countries like Greece, Spain, Romania, and Slovakia to 20–24% in countries like Estonia, Latvia, Ireland, and the United Kingdom (Chzhen and Bradshaw 2012, p. 490). In Switzerland, the last available survey data from 2013 indicated that 15% of households with children under 25 had one parent. More than 80% of these situations regard lone mothers (2015). 1 Despite lone-parent households representing a minority of households, researchers are interested in them for two reasons. On the one hand, lone-parent households are considered at risk and are often mentioned when talking about family risks, particularly economic and health risks (Bonoli 2005). On the other hand, they are an alternative living arrangement increasingly contributing to the family diversity that characterizes contemporary families. Research on lone parents in Europe, which rests on analyses of nationally representative, large-scale surveys, has shown that lone parents are different from other parents in terms of socioeconomic and health characteristics. Lone parents have higher risks of negative outcomes (poverty, unemployment, health) than parents in couple. This is particularly true for lone mothers but less so for lone fathers. Lone
Antioxidant potential of cinnamon, ajowan and zataria essential oils in grape seed oil

In order to inhibit the oxidation of lipids, improve the oxidative stability of foods and to minimize the hazard risk to human health, antioxidants are added to food materials in industrial processing. In this work, the antioxidant potential of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), ajowan (Carum copticum) and zataria (Zataria multiflora Boiss.) essential oils (EOs) at different concentrations (0, 1 and 1.5%) on free fatty acid content (FFA), peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) of grape seed oil stored at 60oC was evaluated. Ajowan treated samples (1.5%) showed the lowest (1.02%) and zataria treated samples (1%) expressed the highest (1.19%) FFA value among EO-treated samples. Samples treated with 1.5% cinnamon showed the lowest PV (69.5 meq O2/ kg) at the end of the storage period. Following control, the highest PV was seen in samples treated with zataria (1%). Grape seed oil samples treated with 1 and 1.5% cinnamon showed the lowest TBARS values during the whole storage period (one month). TBARS of zataria treated samples increased slightly toward the end of storage and a similar trend in TBARS was observed for samples treated with ajowan. The antioxidant activity of EOs in grape seed oil followed in descending order was cinnamon, ajowan, and zataria.
Covid 19 "visits" to banking institutions - Yesterday, today and tomorrow

Such a precarious situation that continues around the world today is causing major shifts in the economies of any large, sufficiently developed country At the same time, the spread of the Covid-19 virus in Uzbekistan has led to a number of socio-economic and political changes in the country Such pandemic conditions have caused the world economy to become inactive, stagnant This, in turn, requires the country to mobilize all its resources to mitigate the impact of the negative consequences, in the event of low losses, that is, to get out of this situation rationally, using the available resources © 2020 Ubiquity Press All rights reserved
DETECTION OF TASOS2, TASOS3, TASST GENES AND ITS EXPRESSIONS IN SEVERAL IRAQI SELECTED GENOTYPES OF BREAD WHEAT TRITICUM AESTIVUM L. UNDER DIFFERENT SALT STRESS LEVELS

Three genes responsible for salttolerance in the plants (TaSOS2, TaSOS3 and TaSST) were detected and their genetic expression were estimated in three Iraqi genotypes of bread wheat Triticum aestivum L. selected for salinity tolerance through breeding programs (2H, 4H, Furat) compared to the salt-sensitive variety (Iraq) under different concentrations of salinity (2, 8 and 16 ds/m). The results of the analysis of qualitative PCR reaction and Real Time PCR showed that the length of the bands of the three genes was (156, 176, 113 bp) respectively, which appeared only in the selected genotypes and were absent in the salt-sensitive variety. Genetic expression of genes was positively correlated with salinity, where the highest gene expression was at the highest salinity concentration (16ds/m). Gene expression values were close in the selected genotypes, but no genetic expression was observed for the sensitive cultivar.
Holzforschung 2019; aop

The initial stage of cellulose degradation has been studied via in vitro assays of fungi isolated from rotten wood in a boreal forest. Among the 37 isolates, Antrodia sinuosa appeared to be an effective cellulose degrader and was selected for studying the initial degradation process. In the liquid cultivation with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), the increase of the mycelial dry weight coincided with the pH decrease of the culture medium from pH 5.7 to 3.9, between the 3rd and 6th cultivation day. At the same time, the cellulolytic activity increased; the CMCase activity increased sharply and the reducing sugars reached their maximum concentration in the culture medium. It seems that the decreasing pH enables the cellulose degradation by A. sinuosa at an early stage of the process. The results of this study may be useful for a more efficient industrial application of biomass by means of brown-rot fungi.
Dichotomy of lay people and health professionals perception of physical activity is a challenge for activity education and promotion within primary health care - a qualitative study.

INTRODUCTION According to the WHO, healthy adults aged 18-64 should perform at least 150 min of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity (PA), or at least 75 min of vigorous-intensity PA, throughout the week, or an equivalent combination of moderate and vigorous activity. These recommendations should be promoted and involved in primary health care (PHC) staff daily practice. Tailoring the education message depends on peoples' perspective on PA, but in Poland there is no research on the subject. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to explore and compare the perception of lay people (LP) and health professionals (HP) of PA to find similarities and differences in their perspective - as this may have an impact on PHC-based education on PA (favourable or unfavourable). MATERIAL AND METHODS Six mini FGIs were carried out. Research sample consisted of 16 LP from urban settings and 10 HP (doctors, nurses). RESULTS LP and HP appreciated PA as important and considerably controllable health determinant. LP attributed the main gains of PA to psycho-social benefits, and HP strictly to diseases risk reduction. Both groups had difficulties in defining PA and doubts abounded about PA and exercise. Optimal dose (volume) of PA was generally unclear and the WHO recommendation were unknown. HP seemed to be more eager than LP to appreciate simple forms of PA, e.g. walking. Barriers to PA perceived by LP were described in terms of 'real life' factors (sportswear, access, job), and HP mostly by cognition (knowing, judging) and social status. LP preferred positive, rewarding motivation for PA, but HP one that was negative and fear-based. CONCLUSIONS Referring to activity, LP and HP were like travellers in parallel universes. This created challenges in PHC-based education. Some suggestion for PA education were given. More qualitative and quantitative research are needed.
Studies on feeding of Azolla meal on feed consumption performance of Kadaknath poultry

The present investigation entitled “Studies on feeding of Azolla meal on feed consumption performance of Kadaknath poultry” was carried out to assess the effect of Azolla meal on Feed consumption and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) of Kadaknath poultry bird’s production. 192, Chicks of day old straight run commercial Kadaknath breed were procured from Government hatchery, Nagpur (Maharashtra). They were randomly and equally distributed into four treatment groups T1, T2, T3 and T4 with 48 numbers of chicks in each group. Azolla meal was added in experimental ration at different levels. The dietary treatments consisted of one basal control (T1), supplemented with 2.5% Azolla meal (T2), 5% Azolla meal (T3) and 7.5% Azolla meal (T4). The average weekly feed consumption of treatment mean T1, T2, T3 and T4 were 252.17, 256.95, 267.29 and 282.61 gm respectively. The average cumulative feed consumption at eighth weeks of age was recorded as 2017.41, 2055.64, 2138.33 and 2260.92 gm for T1, T2 T3 and T4 treatment groups respectively. The average weekly feed efficiency at eighth week of age were 3.98, 3.63, 3.28 and 3.11 in T1, T2, T3 and T4 treatment groups, respectively. The result therefore concludes that supplementation of 7.5 per cent dried Azolla meal was beneficial to improve feed efficiency of birds.
The effect of the combination of aspirin and clopidogrel on the adverse reactions and prognoses of elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome

Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy of aspirin combined with clopidogrel on elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome and the combination’s effect on adverse reactions and prognosis. Methods: 98 elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome who were treated in our hospital were divided into an experimental group (EG, 55 cases, aspirin + clopidogrel) and a control group (CG, 43 cases, aspirin) according to the treatment methods they received. The effective rate, adverse reactions within 6 months, and the hs-CRP and MMP-9 levels before and after the treatment in the two groups of patients were compared. Results: (1) The EG had a higher effective rate compared with the CG (P<0.05); (2) The hs-CRP and MMP-9 levels following the treatment in the EG were lower than they were in the CG (P<0.05); (3) No differences in the incidences of adverse reactions such as nausea and vomiting, allergic reactions, abnormal liver and kidney function were found between the two groups (P>0.05); (4) The overall incidence of arrhythmia, heart failure, angina pectoris, and myocardial infarction in the EG within 6 months of the treatment was lower than it was in the CG (P<0.05). Conclusion: The combined administration of aspirin and clopidogrel in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome improves clinical efficacy and can significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular events.
C ONTINUAL L IFELONG C AUSAL E FFECT I NFERENCE WITH R EAL W ORLD E VIDENCE

The era of real world evidence has witnessed an increasing availability of observational data, which much facilitates the development of causal effect inference. Although significant advances have been made to overcome the challenges in causal effect estimation, such as missing counterfactual outcomes and selection bias, they only focus on source-specific and stationary observational data. In this paper, we investigate a new research problem of causal effect inference from incrementally available observational data, and present three new evaluation criteria accordingly, including extensibility, adaptability, and accessibility. We propose a Continual Causal Effect Representation Learning method for estimating causal effect with observational data, which are incrementally available from non-stationary data distributions. Instead of having access to all seen observational data, our method only stores a limited subset of feature representations learned from previous data. Combining the selective and balanced representation learning, feature representation distillation, and feature transformation, our method achieves the continual causal effect estimation for new data without compromising the estimation capability for original data. Extensive experiments demonstrate the significance of continual causal effect inference and the effectiveness of our method.
Large spread across AeroCom Phase II models in simulating black carbon in melting snow over Arctic sea ice

Over two dozen global atmospheric chemistry models contributing to the Aerosol Comparisons between Observations and Models (AeroCom) project were used in this study to drive the Los Alamos sea ice model to simulate the black carbon (BC) concentration in melting snow on Arctic sea ice. Measurements of BC during the melting season show concentrations in the range 2.8–41.6 ng•g−1 (average: 15.3 ng•g−1) in the central Arctic Ocean and Canada Basin. Most results from models contributing to the Phase I project were within the 25th and 75th percentiles of the observations, and the multimodel mean was slightly lower than that of the observations. In contrast, there was larger divergence among the Phase II model simulations and the mean value of BC was overestimated. The multimodel mean bias was −3.1 (−11.2 to +6.7) ng•g−1 for Phase I models and +3.9 (−9.5 to +21.3) ng•g−1 for Phase II models. The differences between the models of the two phases were probably attributable to the updated aerosol scheme in the new contributions, in which removal processes are parameterized by considering the actual dimensions and chemical compositions of the particles. This means the removal mechanism acts in a way that is more selective and leads to more BC particles being transported to the Arctic. In addition, higher spatial resolution could be another important reason for overestimation of BC concentration in snow in Phase II models. Citation:Pan S F, Duan M K. Large spread across AeroCom Phase II models in simulating black carbon in melting snow over Arctic sea ice. Adv Polar Sci, 2020, 31(4): 289-296, doi: 10.13679/j.advps. 2020.0026
The Impact of Corporate Governance on the Profitability of Insurance Firms in Syria

This paper investigates the impact of corporate governance on the profitability of joint-stock insurance firms listed and unlisted in the ‘Damascus Securities Exchange’ in Syria during the period from 2013 to 2019. Research data was collected from the financial reports of the insurance firms and the reports of the ‘Syrian Insurance Supervisory Commission’ and the ‘Syrian Commission of Financial Markets and Securities’. A model was then proposed for corporate governance of insurance firms. The proposed model considers eight independent variables (board size, independence of board members, non-executive board members, solvency, ownership, firm size, firm age, and joint-stock) and two dependent variables (return on equity and return on shares). Multi regression analysis for the ‘Balanced Panel Data’ is used to analyze the relationship between the governance of insurance firms and their profitability. The analysis of the results revealed that some independent variables (such as firm size, ownership, and none-executive members) have a significant positive impact on the return on equity while the ‘firm size’ and ‘ownership’ independent variables have a significant positive impact on the return on shares. The ‘solvency’ variable has a significant negative impact on the return on equity and return on shares. On the other hand, the ‘firm age’ variable has a significant negative impact on the return on equity while the ‘joint-stock’ variable is considered statistically significant with a positive impact on the return on shares. It was also observed that the ‘independence of board members’ variable has no impact on the dependent variables.
Incidence of refractive errors in diabetic patients

The aim of the study is to find the incidence of refractive errors in diabetic individuals. Diabetes mellitus is highly prevalent in the current world in both developing and developed countries due to the lifestyle modifications. Refractive errors of eye are a very common group of disorder associated with diabetic people leading to the impairment of vision. Hence the study of incidence of refractive errors in patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus was conducted. It was a cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary health care centre and following was the methodology. One hundred eyes of fifty individuals were taken into consideration from Jan 2020 to March 2020, who were affected with type 2 Diabetes mellitus. These fifty individuals underwent subjective refraction of both the eyes. The results obtained were only 17 eyes (17%) being emmetropic, remaining 83 eyes (83%) were found to be ametropic. In the 83 ametropic eyes 22 eyes (22%) were myopic, 39 eyes (39%) were hypermetropic and 22 eyes (22%) had astigmatism. In the current Cross-sectional study refractive errors were noted in 83% of individual and hypermetropia being the most common error with a prevalence of 39%.
Transparent aluminium zinc oxide thin films with enhanced thermoelectric properties

Improved thermoelectric properties of Aluminum Zinc Oxide (AZO) thin films deposited by radio frequency (RF) and pulsed Direct Current (DC) magnetron sputtering at room temperature are reported. In both techniques films were deposited using sintered and non-sintered targets produced from nano-powders. It is confirmed that both the Al doping concentration and film thickness control the thermoelectric, optical and structural properties of these films. Seebeck coefficients up to −134 μV K−1 and electrical conductivities up to 4 × 104 (Ω m)−1 lead to power factors up to 4 × 10−4 W mK−2, which is above the state-of-the-art for similar materials, almost by a factor of three. The thermoelectric I–V response of an optimized AZO element with a planar geometry was measured and a maximum power output of 2.3 nW, for a temperature gradient of 20 K near room temperature, was obtained. Moreover, the low thermal conductivity (<1.19 W mK−1) yields a ZT value above 0.1. This is an important result as it is at least three times higher than the ZT found in the literature for AZO, at room temperature, opening new doors for applications of this inexpensive, abundant and environmental friendly material, in a new era of thermoelectric devices.
The Metabolic Elicitors of the Pseudomonas fluorescens N 21.4 Strain as Effective Biotechnological Inoculants for the Cultivation of Blackberry

The current need to provide sufficient and quality food to a growing population is linked to the development of new agricultural techniques based on improving the resistance of crops against biotic and abiotic stress. Since the consumption of blackberry is becoming very popular for its benefits on human health and it is a crop with a lack of specific inoculants able to boost plant resistance, we looked for an efficient, affordable, and sustainable biotechnological inoculant made of metabolic elicitor molecules of the beneficial rhizobacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens N 21.4 to get a more stress-resilient crop. For this, we inoculated the live rhizobacterium as positive control, since its capacity to elicit blackberry secondary defensive metabolism has been previously demonstrated (Garcia-Seco et al. 2015), and its metabolic elicitors to commercial cultivars of blackberry (Rubus cv. Loch Ness). We measured stress markers such as photosynthetic parameters, oxidative stress enzymatic activity, pathogenesis-related proteins and polyphenolic composition of the leaves, and the bioactive content of the fruit in two stages of ripening. Our results showed that the metabolic elicitor-inoculated plants were more prepared to cope with stress since higher values of photosynthesis were observed, as well as lower enzymatic activity and an activation of pathogenesis-related proteins. Furthermore, the leaves and the fruits of the inoculated plants showed an enhancement in the concentration of beneficial polyphenols, highlighting the increase in epicatechin (Martin-Rivilla et al. 2020). This would mean having better quality fruits and would revalorize the leaves pruning as a potential source of polyphenols, providing an added value to the crop while following the premises of the circular economy. The elicitation of the blackberry secondary defensive metabolism therefore demonstrates metabolic elicitors’ capacity to reinforce plant immune system and to increase the synthesis of beneficial bioactives, and this work suggest them as effective and ecofriendly plant inoculants.
PhraseOut: A Code Mixed Data Augmentation Method for MultilingualNeural Machine Tranlsation

Data Augmentation methods for Neural Machine Translation (NMT) such as back-translation (BT) and self-training (ST) are quite popular. In a multilingual NMT system, simply copying monolingual source sentences to the target (Copying) is an effective data augmentation method. Back-translation augments parallel data by translating monolingual sentences in the target side to source language. In this work we propose to use a partial back-translation method in a multilingual setting. Instead of translating the entire monolingual target sentence back into the source language, we replace selected high confidence phrases only and keep the rest of the words in the target language itself. (We call this method PhraseOut). Our experiments on low resource multilingual translation models show that PhraseOut gives reasonable improvements over the existing data augmentation methods.
Dense 3D-Reconstruction from Monocular Image Sequences for Computationally Constrained UAS∗

The ability to find safe landing sites over complex 3D terrain is an essential safety feature for fully autonomous small unmanned aerial systems (UAS), which requires on-board perception for 3D reconstruction and terrain analysis if the overflown terrain is unknown. This is a challenge for UAS that are limited in size, weight and computational power, such as small rotorcrafts executing autonomous missions on Earth, or in planetary applications such as the Mars Helicopter. For such a computationally constraint system, we propose a structure from motion approach that uses inputs from a single downward facing camera to produce dense point clouds of the overflown terrain in real time. In contrast to existing approaches, our method uses metric pose information from a visual-inertial odometry algorithm as camera pose priors, which allows deploying a fast pose refinement step to align camera frames such that a conventional stereo algorithm can be used for dense 3D reconstruction. We validate the performance of our approach with extensive evaluations in simulation, and demonstrate the feasibility with data from UAS flights.