Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of biosecurity policies and practices for the control of African swine fever virus on Ukrainian pig farms

With monetary support from the United States Department of Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service (USDA FAS), an investigative effort was undertaken to document the biosecurity practices employed by commercial pig producers in Ukraine to prevent the introduction of African swine fever virus (ASFV) on their farms. The cohort of farms selected and evaluated were owned by producers who were active members of the Association of Ukrainian Pig Breeders (AUPB). The assessment of biosecurity policies and practices consisted of an interview and in-person completion of a questionnaire that evaluated various aspects of biosecurity practices used on pig farms in Ukraine. The results of the interviews and completion of survey questionnaires support the conclusion that Ukrainian pig producers recognize the importance of farm biosecurity as it relates to preventing ASFV introduction on their farms and all the participating farms had biosecurity policies that were in force at the time of completion of the questionnaire. However, the results also support the conclusion that significant gaps in understanding about biosecurity exists and that there is a need for more education of Ukrainian pig producers about this critical aspect of health management and disease control. The broad impact of the project detailed that prospective, more comprehensive work on Ukrainian pig farms is required to adequately assist producers with ASFV control and effective applications of biosecurity
Putting Reasons in their Place

Hilary Kornblith has criticised reasons-based approaches to epistemic justification on the basis of psychological research that shows that reflection is unreliable. Human beings, it seems, are not very good at identifying our own cognitive processes and the causes of our beliefs. In this article I defend a conception of reasons that takes those empirical findings into account and can avoid Kornblith’s objections. Reasons, according to this account, are not to be identified with the causes of our beliefs and are useful first and foremost in argumentation instead of reflection.
Effect of guanidinium on mesoscopic perovskite solar cells

Hole-conductor-free printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells based on a TiO2/ZrO2/carbon architecture have attracted much attention due to their low material cost and simple fabrication process. However, the micron-thick mesoporous scaffold always challenges the filling of the perovskite absorber and causes significant charge carrier loss. We employ a multifunctional additive of guanidinium chloride (GuCl) to improve the quality of the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite absorber, and suppress the recombination reaction in the device. It is found that GuCl effectively enhances the charge carrier lifetimes of the perovskite, and suppresses charge carrier loss in the hole-conductor-free devices. Correspondingly, the open-circuit voltage (VOC) of the device is significantly enhanced from 0.88 V to 1.02 V.
Immunoglobulin kappa light chain produced by cardiomyocytes and participates in maintaining intercalated disc integrity

It is widely accepted that immunoglobulins (Igs) are produced only by B cells and function as antibodies. However, growing evidence has proven that almost all non-B cells also produce Igs with nonconventional roles, such as promotion of cell survival, proliferation and migration. In this study, we identified Ig light chain (κ chain) expression in mouse and human cardiomyocytes, especially on intercalated discs (ICDs). Unexpectedly, conditional knockout (cKO) of Igκ in adult cardiomyocytes in mice resulted in significant hypotension, a rapid decrease in cardiac contractility and conduction defects. Histologically, Igκ knockout in mouse cardiomyocytes led to structural disruption of intercalated discs (ICDs) and loss of localization of adhesion-related N-cadherin and CX43 on ICDs. Mechanistic investigation indicated that Igκ can bind with plectin/desmoplakin, a complex that connects desmin and desmosomes and enhances the protein stability of plectin. In conclusion, Our findings identify Igκ expressed by cardiomyocytes as a new ICD-related molecule that participates in cardiomyocyte contraction and conduction by stabilizing plectin.
The negative mayfly optimization algorithm

The global best or historical best positions were involved in updating positions of individuals in swarms for almost all of the swarm-based nature-inspired algorithms with exceptions for the averages. However, literal research to the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm had proved that the all of the candidates would also leave the global best and the historical best candidates and such improvement would result in a better performance. Similarly, the negative mayfly optimization (MO) algorithm was proposed based on such conditions. Simulation experiments were carried out and verified that the negative MO algorithm could perform better than the original MO algorithm, especially in optimizing the multimodal benchmark functions.
CHAPTER 10:Tungsten-Containing Enzymes

This review on the biochemistry of W-containing enzymes, or tungstoenzymes, starts and ends with the question: “why tungsten? ” Structural, kinetic and mechanistic properties of the enzymes are evaluated and related to the common division into two families and several classes. Experimental inconsistencies are identified and proposed models are questioned as a way to determine what we now know and what we still should find out in order to be able to address the “why tungsten? ” question in sufficient (bio)chemical depth. Specific recommendations are made to re-direct research on tungstoenzymes in order to cover key dark spots in our present knowledge.
Sulfate Reduction in Sewer Sediments

The Institute of Sanitation Engineering and Waste Management of the University of Hannover made investigations on sediments in sanitary sewers. These were aimed to assess how sediments influence the sewer environment, with regard especially to water quality, gas atmosphere and corrosion progress. The sulfate reduction from sediments could be determined. It was 82 % higher than the reduction rate of biofilm. A prediction of sulfate reduction with equations from biofilm theory is possible. The biologically active sediment layer for sulfate reduction has a thickness of 5 to 7.5 cm. The sulfide formation in a large sanitary sewer in Hannover depends only on water temperature with a correlation of 91 %.
Introduction: Creativity and Imagination through Time, Culture and Identity

: Highlighting the Time, Culture and Identity cross-disciplinary project conducted between the Science Museum in London, the Palace Museum in Beijing, academics at Beijing Jiaotong University and the Institute for the History of Natural Sciences, and creative industries practitioners in China and the UK, this introduction highlights the key impacts of the research. As well as creating the practical output of a digital museum experience focused on the workings of the Country Scene clock, the research brought a range of wider impacts, including a change in understanding between collaborators, capacity-building skills, research process development and a change in attitude. The papers of this supplementary issue reflect some of the range of impacts of the work of our collaborators.
Transitions between Centralization and Metapolization: From City Development Strategy (CDS) to Peri-Urban Development Strategy (PDS)

The elaboration of City Development Strategies (CDS) helps cities to harness the potential of urbanization through strategic planning, and consequently to contribute to promoting development, balancing city growth, and empowering citizens. Continuous and sprawling development along with peri-urban areas has offered a vast and almost limitless nexus of villages–towns upon which the intensifying needs of development, initiatives, and infrastructures can be grafted. Considering the significant role of constructed nexuses in growth and resilience, and thus in planning for the sustainable development of such urban–rural areas, this study will advance the development of a model of the Urban–Rural Reef ecosystem through discovering its main attributes. In doing so, Aveiro has been distinguished as an urban–rural reef to describe such a case study’s characteristics and to extract the indicators of peri-urban sustainable development strategies. In the next step, the assessment of the peri-urban development strategy (PDS) has been accomplished by using the Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDM) method and applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach. Finally, a conclusion has been presented based on the findings for Aveiro urban–rural reefs containing the analysis results and offering some solutions.
Legislation made four decades ago on “smelling of liquor”: erroneous in the context of current scientific knowledge

Science has evolved radically during the last few decades. Therefore, certain legislation made based on the scientific knowledge of a particular era, should be reviewed in the context of new knowledge in the field of science. Section 11 of the ‘Offences committed under the influence of liquor (special provisions) act no. 41 of 1979’ states that ‘A person shall be presumed to be under the influence of liquor if at or about the time of the commission of the act he is smelling of liquor …. unless evidence to the contrary has been adduced. ’ An endorsement to the presence of breath smelling of alcohol by the medical expert in the Medico-Legal Examination Form could lead to a conviction under this act. Ethyl alcohol is almost odourless and its smell is due to the presence of volatile substances called congeners produced simultaneously during the process of fermentation of ethyl alcohol. Therefore, the odour of alcohol frequently detected on people after consumption of alcoholic beverages is not due to alcohol, but to by-products of alcohol manufacture known as congeners. In addition, this odour may persist in the tissues for several hours even after the alcohol has been eliminated from the body. Therefore, the legal presumption that alcohol is present in blood, based upon the smell of liquor is erroneous. Conviction upon smelling of liquor should be stopped with immediate effect and the said legislation should be amended. Further, the Medico-Legal Examination Form should also be amended in this regard.
Heavy Metal (Pb, Cd, Hg and As) Content of Some Pineapples Juice Produced in Informal Market in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

Aims: The objective of this study was to determine the level of micropolluants contamination (mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic) handcrafted pineapple juices, packaged in recovery bottles and sold on the outskirts of the city of Abidjan. Study Design: Samples were collected from street vendors in four districts of Abidjan city (Marcory, Treichville, Cocody and Koumassi). Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Central Food Hygiene Laboratory and Agribusiness between December 2019 and June 2020. Methodology: 32 samples collected were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Original Research Article Datté et al.; EJNFS, 12(11): 104-113, 2020; Article no.EJNFS. 63582 105 Results: It appears that traces of the few metallic micropollutters were found in pineapple juices at varying rates with sometimes exceeding the maximum values recommended for lead in 75% of the pineapple juices analyzed. Considering the municipalities, 100% of the juices collected from vendors in the commune of Cocody have arsenic concentrations exceeding the maximum regulatory values. Overall, Daily Exposure Doses (DDE) (0.024 10 -4 mg/kg bw of mercury, 0.345 10 -4 mg/kg bw of lead, 0.001 10 -3 mg/kg pc of cadmium and 0.5 10 -4 mg/kg bw of arsenic) are lower than the Previsional Tolerable Dose (PTD). Conclusion: Therefore, can the risk be eliminated for the general population? While the concentrations of metallic micropolluants found in pineapple juices remain below the thresholds for mercury and cadmium, those of lead and arsenic are high, increasing the risk of adverse effects.
Blockchain-based Data Provenance

Data provenance tracks the origin of information with the goal of improving trust among interested parties. One of the key aspects provided by data provenance is transparency, which allows stakeholders to follow all the changes applied to the information (e.g. a document). Blockchains, a recent technological development, allow transparency in a distributed application context without the need for a trusted centralized entity. The approach presented here aims to use blockchain as a secure, shared and auditable storage providing transparent data provenance. Our proposal builds upon the well established W3C Prov Model, which simplifies adoption of the framework. An application consisting of a client and a REST API service that is able to store provenance information using open standards in a blockchain has been developed. Here we report the results of several stress tests to validate the practicability of our approach.
Fundamental switched MW‐size multilevel converter for large‐scale solar PV plant

The requirement of high power (MW-size) power conditioning unit (PCU) has increased to minimise the plant balance of system cost due to a continuous increase in solar photovoltaic (PV) plant capacity. Traditionally used high-frequency pulsewidth modulated two/three-level PCUs have high device switching losses and lower conversion efficiency and are not suitable for high power PCU application as high switching losses lead to high heat generation within the converter, which is very difficult to manage, and lower conversion efficiency leads to less revenue realisation. In the present work, fundamental switching selective harmonic elimination (SHE) modulated 11-level cascaded H-bridge voltage source converter is utilised for high power MW-size PCU application, as it has lower switching losses, higher conversion efficiency, and higher AC/DC voltage ratio. The PV plant configuration for a 40 MW (AC) capacity is developed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment and implemented in realtime simulator OPAL-RT to validate the design and control. Harmonics, steady-state, and dynamic performances are demonstrated at constant and changing solar irradiance levels. The converter conduction and switching losses and conversion efficiency at different loading conditions are presented. The converter control with the capacitor voltage balancing method for fundamental switched SHE is presented in detail.
A quasi three dimensional hydrodynamic model for velocity distribution in open channel

ABSTRACT This work aims at developing a fully coupled numerical model by integrating the two-dimensional shallow water equations with entropy theory. TVD Mac-Cormack predictor-corrector finite difference scheme is employed to solve the modified form of shallow water equation in MATLAB. Computed two-dimensional hydraulic parameters are substituted in the entropy theory to calculate the vertical velocity profile in the domain. The coupled model applied at different locations in the Brahmaputra river and the computed outputs validated with the observed field data. The robustness and stability of the linked model are found satisfactory. The influence of the hydraulic structures on secondary current generation and the velocity dip phenomenon is investigated during the study.
Uma Avaliação sobre a Tolerância a Falhas no Plano de Dados em Controladores SDN

Redes Definidas por Software fazem do controlador o seu elemento central. Portanto, é fundamental que o controlador apresente funcionalidades que, além de melhorar o desempenho global da rede, assegurem a continuidade dos serviços perante falhas. OpenDayLight (ODL) e o Open Network Operating System (ONOS) são dois importantes controladores de código aberto e com plano de controle distribuído. Este trabalho avalia a tolerância a falhas no plano de dados dos controladores ODL e ONOS considerando diversos cenários de falhas. Os experimentos consideram falhas e recuperações de links e switches, com diferentes fluxos tanto no modo reativo quanto proativo. Os resultados experimentais exibem o tempo que os controladores levam para detectar as falhas, direcionar o tráfego para caminhos redundantes e identificar o retorno dos links e switches.
Recuperação e Monitoramento de Dados Utilizando a Rede de Transporte Público

Resumo. Este artigo apresenta uma proposta de encaminhamento de mensagens testada com o modelo de mobilidade da Rede Integrada de Transporte Coletivo de Curitiba. A proposta inclui uma adaptação no protocolo Spray and Wait baseada na categorização dos veı́culos do transporte coletivo da cidade, priorizando a transmissão das mensagens para os ônibus que apresentam uma maior proximidade lógica com o destino. Em seguida, a proposta foi avaliada utilizando traços reais e um modelo de tráfego voltado para aplicações de monitoramento. Os resultados obtidos comprovam os ganhos da estratégia proposta, apresentando melhores taxas de entrega, menor atraso e menor sobrecarga quando comparados aos protocolos clássicos.
Effect of Phytase Supplementation on Body Weight, Egg Production and Quality Traits in Swarnadhara Breeders Fed Diet with Different Levels of Non-Phytate Phosphorus

The P requirements of broiler breeder hens have become crucial due to rise in the cost of inorganic P and the environmental concerns of P runoff. The concept of non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) requirement of chicken is gaining importance because of increasing use of vegetable protein supplements in place of animal protein supplements in poultry diets due to their cost, non-availability and contamination with pathogenic microbes. In plants, the majority of P is in the form of phytic acid (PA) and it salts with Ca, Mg, Zn and other divalent cations known as phytates (Pallauf and Rimbach, 1997). Phytate International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 12 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
The miniaturization ligament performance probe (MLPP) system for the three-dimensional analysis of ligament strain patterns throughout ankle motion 

BackgroundMeasuring strain patterns of joint ligaments in various positions informs our understanding their function. However, studies on the biomechanical properties of ankle ligaments are few, and the tensile properties of each ligament during motion have not been described because existing biomechanical sensors are too big to insert within the ankle. This study aimed to verify the validity of a novel miniaturized ligament performance probe (MLPP) system for measuring the strain pattern of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) during ankle motion. MethodsThe system is composed of a strain gauge (force probe), amplifier unit, display unit, and logger, which are widely used industrially. Ten fresh-frozen, through-the-knee, lower extremity, cadaveric specimens were used. The MLPP was sutured into the midsubstance of ATFL fibers. To measure tensile force, a round metal disk (clock; 150 mm in diameter), with a 6-mm-diameter hole every 30°, was fixed on the plantar aspect of the foot. With a 1.2-Nm load applied to the ankle and subtalar joint complex, the ankle was manually moved from 15° dorsiflexion to 30° plantar flexion. The clock was rotated every 30° to measure ATFL strain at each end point detected by the miniature force probe. ResultsThroughout motion required to shift from 15° dorsiflexion to 30° plantar flexion, the ATFL tensed near 20° plantar flexion, and strain increased as the plantar flexion angle increased. The ATFL was maximally tensioned at 3 and 4 o’clock in the inversion position. In the elastic range in which the ATFL is capable of returning to its original shape and length, tensile force was proportional to strain in all cases. ConclusionThe MLPP system could be used to effectively determine the relationship between limb position and small ankle ligament strain patterns.
Beiträge zur nachhaltigen Synthese und Anwendung von BINBAM-Derivaten und aminosäurebasierten ionischen Flüssigkeiten

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden Beitrage zur Derivatisierung des Katalysators (R)-BINBAM und der Synthese und Anwendung aminosaurebasierter ionischer Flussigkeiten geleistet. Der Fokus lag auf moglichst nachhaltigen Synthesewegen, sodass die Herstellung der Katalysatorderivate und ionischen Flussigkeiten in Zukunft auch fur die industrielle Nutzung sinnvoll wird. Es wurde versucht, verschiedene Substituenten in 3,3‘-Position des BINBAM-Katalysatorgerust einzufuhren, um den sterischen Anspruch und die Aciditat des Katalysators zu beeinflussen. Desweiteren wurden chirale ionische Flussigkeiten ausgehend von naturlich vorkommenden (S)-Aminosauren in guten Ausbeuten und Reinheiten synthetisiert. Eine Auswahl dieser ionischen Flussigkeiten wurde im Rahmen dieser Arbeit bereits in der oxidativen Faltung von nativen Conopeptiden getestet. Conopeptide sind aufgrund ihrer sehr spezifischen Bioaktivitat fur die Arzneimittelforschung interessant, deshalb besteht ein hohes Interesse an einer unkomplizierten Laborsynthese.
Who Provides Information Matters: The Role of Source Credibility on US Consumers' Beef Brand Choices

Labels, certifications and endorsements signaling the quality of food have an impact on the purchasing choices of multiple segments of US consumers. At the same time, not much is known about the relationships between the sources providing information through these quality signals and consumer choices. In this paper, we explore 1) whether the credibility of an information source has an impact on US consumers’ beef brand choices; 2) which labels, certifications and endorsements are chosen by US consumers among a range of eight brands with pre-selected sources of information; 3) which consumer segments have different perceptions on information sources and beef brand choices. Data are collected through an on-line survey on a representative sample of 460 US consumers and analyzed through structural equation modeling. The results show that credibility - although it has a positive impact on consumers’ brand choice - is a complex concept which needs to be dissected in more specific variables, namely perceived knowledgeability, perceived absence of vested interests, perceived absence of mistakes in the past and trust. In particular, perceived knowledgeability and perceived absence of vested interests of the information source are inversely proportional.
Recent developments of MPPT techniques for PV systems under partial shading conditions: a critical review and performance evaluation

: This review covers global maximum power point tracking (GMPPT) methods for photovoltaic (PV) systems under partial shading conditions. Unlike the previous review works that primarily focused on soft computing and hybrid GMPPT, this study gives exclusive attention to the improvement achieved by the conventional MPPT (perturb and observe, hill climbing, and incremental conductance). The improved methods include the popular 0.8 × V oc model and, more recently, the skipping algorithms. In addition to providing qualitative descriptions of the available techniques, this work also attempts to provide a fair evaluation of GMPPT to determine their comparative performances. The competing algorithms, which are selected to represent every category (conventional and soft computing and hybrid MPPT), are benchmarked under carefully selected operating conditions and shading scenarios. The evaluation is focused on four main criteria: tracking accuracy, convergence time, length of voltage fluctuations, and transient efficiency during the search for the global maximum power point. The results obtained from this study can become a basis for researchers and designers to select the best MPPT technique for their respective applications.