Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Statistical design of experiments and analysis on gate poly-silicon critical dimension

Gate poly-silicon critical dimension is one of the most important characteristics of up-to-date integrated circuit devices. Hence, in a semiconductor wafer fabrication process, gate poly-silicon critical dimension control is inevitable in order to achieve a competitive net-die-per-wafer yield as well as electrically acceptable device test characteristics. This paper presents a framework for statistical design of experiments and analysis on gate poly-silicon critical dimension. Three typical types of design of experiments are considered: 1) a nested design; 2) a randomized complete block design; and 3) a factorial design. With these designs, relevant linear statistical models are established. Based on the models, the analysis of variance technique and Duncan's multiple range tests are chosen as major methodologies not only to estimate related variance components but also to test uniformity on gate poly-silicon critical dimension. Statistical analyses are illustrated with experimental datasets from real pilot semiconductor wafer fabrication processes. Results show that: 1) according to the sources of variation, variance components are estimated separately, and 2) distinctive patterns of gate poly-silicon critical dimension can be detected with statistical significance. Consequently, the framework in this study can provide guidelines to practitioners on the variance components estimation as well as the uniformity test in parallel for any characteristic datasets collected from similar designs in a semiconductor wafer fabrication process.
New Invasive Assessment Measures of Coronary Artery Disease Severity

Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The assessment and treatment of patients with ischemic heart disease have advanced greatly over the past decade. Particular attention has been given recently to the recognition of lesions that cause ischemia or that are prone to plaque rupture. New invasive measures of coronary artery disease have been developed, including fractional flow reserve, intravascular ultrasound, optical coherence tomography, and most recently, near-infrared spectroscopy. These technologies have helped to guide the assessment of hemodynamically significant lesions and have shown particular promise in guiding percutaneous coronary interventions. However, mortality and the rate of revascularization have shown mixed results to date. This review seeks to investigate the use and potential benefit of these technologies, with particular attention to clinical end points.
Reasuntivos y doblado del clitico: En torno a la caracterizacion del termino "Casi-Nativo"

iii LISTA DE TABLAS Y GRAFICOS vii CAPITULO I. INTRODUCCION 8 CAPITULO II. LOS PRONOMBRES REASUNTIVOS 19 2.1 Introduccion 19 2.2 Estructura de las oraciones relativas reasuntivas de objeto directo 20 2.3 Procesamiento de oraciones relativas ambiguas 34 CAPITULO III. LA DUPLICACION DE LOS CLITICOS DATIVOS 41 3.1 Introduccion 41 3.2 Analisis sobre la duplicacion de cliticos de objeto 43 3.3 Analisis sobre la duplicacion de cliticos dativos 47 3.4 Analisis derivacional y no derivacional de las estructuras de duplicacion dativa 50 3.4.1 Analisis derivacionales de la duplicacion dativa 50 3.4.2 Analisis no derivacional de la duplicacion dativa 60 3.5 Propiedades de las Construcciones de Doble Objeto (DOC) en ingles y diferencias con las de duplicacion dativa 65 3.6 Estudios sobre adquisicion de la duplicacion de sintagmas dativos del espanol 68 CAPITULO IV. GRAMATICAS ‘CASI NATIVAS’? 77 4.1 Introduccion 77 4.2 Periodo Critico 79 4.3 El deficit sintactico frente al deficit computacional 87 4.4 Atricion o adquisicion incompleta en los hablantes heritage 93 4.5 Hipotesis del trabajo 98 4.5.1 Pronombres reasuntivos en oraciones relativas restrictivas ambiguas 100 4.5.2 Duplicacion dativa, opcional y obligatoria 103 CAPITULO V. EL ESTUDIO 107 5.1 Objetivos del estudio 107 5.2 Los Participantes 108 5.2.1 Hispanohablantes de contacto temprano con el ingles o EC 109 5.2.2 Hispanohablantes de contacto tardio con el ingles o LC 110 5.2.3 Hispanohablantes de control o grupo SC 110 5.3 Pruebas de Clasificacion 111
Investigations of the neurobiological and behavioural actions of cocaine

Although once considered a benign recreational stimulant, cocaine is now recognized to possess substantial abuse potential with considerable medical and social consequences. Accordingly, these experiments examined the behavioural and neurobiological effects of cocaine in the rat. The behavioural and neurochemical interactions between cocaine and buprenorphine were examined using a conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure and in vivo microdialysis. Cocaine and buprenorphine both elicited CPP; moreover, these drugs interacted to produce significantly larger CPPs when given in combination. Both cocaine and buprenorphine increased interstitial concentrations of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens; the effect of cocaine was potentiated by the coadministration of buprenorphine. Taken as a whole, these results indicate that buprenorphine can interact with cocaine in a synergistic manner. The ability of stimuli previously paired with cocaine to elicit similar neurochemical changes as cocaine was assessed by in vivo microdialysis. Although acutely administered cocaine produced a significant increase in interstitial dopamine concentrations in the nucleus accumbens, the presentation of a cocaine-paired environment did not. Despite the absence of a conditional neurochemical effect, significant conditioned locomotion was observed. These data do not support the hypothesis that stimuli paired with cocaine produce their behavioural effects by eliciting similar neurochemical effects as cocaine. To understand better the neurobiology of cocaine-induced environment-specific conditioning, expression of c-Fos, a putative marker of neuronal activity, was examined in the forebrain of rats exposed to an environment in which they had previously received cocaine. Compared to saline-treated controls, cocaine produced an increase in locomotor behaviour that was accompanied by an increase in c-Fos expression within specific limbic regions, as well as the basal ganglia. Exposure of rats to the cocaine -paired environment
Social Responsibility and the Scientist in Modern Western Society

When I received the invitation to deliver the Waley Cohen Lecture my reaction was one ofgreat pleasure mixed with a little alarm. I felt pleasure at the honour ofhaving been asked to join the ranks of a number ofvery distinguished predecessors who gave this Lecture named to perpetuate the memory of a very outstanding member and leader of the Anglo-Jewish community, Sir Robert Waley Cohen, whose dynamic personality left a strong impact on this community which is felt even today, and with whose family I have had close ties of friendship over a period ofmany years. I was particularly glad to have an opportunity to address the Council of Christians and Jews, with whose aims to promote better understanding between the two faiths, I am very much in sympathy. On the other hand, I felt the uneasiness which I think most scientists experience when they are asked to talk to an audience of non-scientists on a subject which is not in the immediate sphere of their professional activities. I was not quite sure on what theme I should talk to you which could interest you and yet would not be too far-removed from my own interests. A short conversation with your General Secretary, Mr. Simpson, resolved my doubts; it took not more than a few minutes before we found ourselves talking a common language and got involved in a discussion on aspects of scientific research, which are of interest to the scientist and non-scientist alike and which are summarised in the title ofmy lecture tonight. We are all aware of the great advances of science in the fields ofphysics, chemistry, biology and medicine, and of the far-reaching effects of some
Fleroxacin uptake in ischaemic limb tissue.

Antibiotic application to patients with ischaemia of lower limbs may be indicated to avoid or treat infection of soft tissues. Fleroxacin, a fluoroquinolone, active against various Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms may be used for this purpose. We evaluated the diffusion of fleroxacin into bone, subcutaneous fat, muscle and tendon tissues of lower limb tissue after a 400 mg i.v. dose. Concentrations in ischaemic tissues were similar to those found in non-ischaemic sites. Since the maximum antibiotic levels found were lower than the MICs of various pathogens relevant for infection, we suggest to increase the dose used for this peri-operative prophylaxis to 800 mg.
The Influence of Foot Orthoses on the Function of a Child with Developmental Delay

Background and Purpose: Foot orthoses may lead to improved function when used to control faulty foot biomechanics. The purpose of this case report was to describe the influence of modified stabilizing foot splints (SFSs) on the function of a child with developmental delay. Case Description: The participant was a 19-month-old girl with hypotonia and developmental delay due to hydrocephalus and congenital absence of the corpus callosum. Intervention: Modified SFSs were created with the child’s feet held in a subtalar neutral position. Outcomes: Five items from the Peabody Developmental Motor Scale II (rise to stand, standing, lowering, cruising, and stepping forward) were tracked over three weeks, under three conditions: with shoes and orthoses, shoes only, and barefoot. The ability to perform these items was improved when wearing shoes and orthoses. Conclusion: The outcomes indicate that future study of the modified SFS as an intervention is warranted.
Chain length is the main determinant of the folding rate for proteins with three‐state folding kinetics

We demonstrate that chain length is the main determinant of the folding rate for proteins with the three‐state folding kinetics. The logarithm of their folding rate in water (kf) strongly anticorrelates with their chain length L (the correlation coefficient being −0.80). At the same time, the chain length has no correlation with the folding rate for two‐state folding proteins (the correlation coefficient is −0.07). Another significant difference of these two groups of proteins is a strong anticorrelation between the folding rate and Baker's “relative contact order” for the two‐state folders and the complete absence of such correlation for the three‐state folders. Proteins 2003;51:162–166. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Associations between partitioning of carboxylase activity and bundle sheath leakiness to CO2, carbon isotope discrimination, photosynthesis, and growth in sugarcane

Genetic and environmental variation in carbon isotope discrimination (Δ), photosynthetic gas exchange, growth and activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) were studied in four sugarcane clones grown under three different irrigation regimes for 65 d in a greenhouse. Δ of the uppermost fully expanded leaf increased with decreasing irrigation frequency and exhibited genetic variation at all irrigation frequencies. Concurrent measurements of leaf gas exchange characteristics suggested that variation in A was attributable to variation in bundle sheath leakiness to CO 2 (Φ) because the ratio of intercellular to ambient partial pressure of CO 2 remained relatively constant except at the lowest level of water availability. Carboxylase assays performed on two genotypes revealed significant genetic variation in Rubisco activity, but no genetic variation in PEPC activity. The Rubisco :PEPC activity ratio, an index of C 3 :C 4 cycle activity, therefore varied genetically. Rubisco :PEPC activity declined significantly with decreasing irrigation frequency. Both Δ and Φ were negatively correlated with genetic and environmental variation in Rubisco :PEPC activity. Taken together, these results suggest that variation in A in sugarcane is governed largely by relative leakage of CO 2 from the bundle sheath mediated by changes in Rubisco :PEPC activity. CO 2 assimilation (A) and shoot growth rate (SGR) were negatively correlated with Δ and Φ, but positively correlated with Rubisco : PEPC activity. Thus, A can serve as an integrated measure of underlying variation in photosynthetic biochemistry associated with variation in performance at the whole plant level in sugarcane and probably other C 4 species.
Transcriptional activation in chondrocytes submitted to hydrostatic pressure.

At present, only a little is known about the transcriptional regulation in chondrocytes submitted to various physicomechanical factors known to exist in articular cartilage. Recently, we have investigated the effects of hydrostatic pressure on transcriptional control in chondrocytes using human chondrosarcoma and immortalized chondrocyte cell lines for the experiments. Hydrostatic pressure was applied on the cells in a special computer-controlled, water-filled pressure chamber, where cyclic and static pressures up to 32 MPa can be created. Differential display RT-PCR and probing of cDNA arrays are the methods we have used to study differential gene expression due to hydrostatic pressure. By differential display RT-PCR experiments, we have observed several differentially expressed cDNA bands under continuous 30 MPa hydrostatic pressure, while 30 MPa cyclic pressure at 1 Hz produced much fewer changes. In the first phase of our studies, we have focused on the effects of 30 MPa hydrostatic pressure because it causes a unique hsp70-mediated stress response in immortalized chondrocytes. Differential display RT-PCR screening provided us with several clones that derive from low-abundance mRNAs, such as death-associated protein 3 (DAP3), a nucleotide-binding protein which increases due to interferon-gamma induced cell death; PTZ-17 (or p311), a seizure-related protein; H-NUC, a nuclear DNA binding protein; and one new gene of unknown function. In Northern blots, an induction was confirmed for the new gene, DAP3 and PTZ-17 were down-regulated in some but not in all parallel experiments; however, basal level of H-NUC mRNA was too low to be detected in Northern blots. We then chose to widen our screening to a number of known genes arrayed as cDNA blots. Under 30 MPa continuous hydrostatic pressure, four different time points were chosen (0, 3, 6 and 24 h) for the experiments. The screening of 588 cDNAs showed 15 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated genes. Consistently with our previous results hsp70 was highly induced, as well as hsp40, a chaperone protein functioning together with hsp70. Gadd45 and to a lesser extent Gadd153 (stress genes induced by, e.g., ionizing radiation and ischaemia) were up-regulated, as well as p21waf1,cip1, a protein participating in cell cycle regulation that can interact with Gadd45. Northern blots confirmed Gadd45 induction. Down-regulated transcripts included, e.g., DAD-1, glutathione S-transferase pI, DNA-binding inhibitor ID-1H, and cytoplasmic dynein light chain.
Vision with isoluminant colour contrast: 1.A projection technique and observations.

An optical technique is described for projecting two-colour pictures with controlled brightness contrast, which may be set to zero-at isoluminance. Colour registration is maintained without adjustment or special setting up. It is suggested that colour-and brightness-contour registration in the visual channel is a problem which may be solved neurally be master brightness signals locking slave colour signals. The projection apparatus allows the supposed master brightness signals to be removed-at isoluminance-when contour disturbances should occur. Observation of this kind are reported.
From conventional to cutting edge: the new era of biologics in treatment of psoriasis

ABSTRACT: Psoriasis is a chronic T‐cell‐mediated inflammatory disease of the skin and joints that affects 1–3% of the world population. Conventional treatments for moderate to severe psoriasis are associated with broadband immunosuppression and/or organ toxicities that can be problematic when used long term. Advances in the understanding of psoriasis pathogenesis have led to targeted therapy in the form of biologics. These agents have gained popularity as safe, effective, and convenient alternatives for the treatment of chronic, moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. This review will focus on the five main biologics used in the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis: efalizumab, alefacept, etanercept, infliximab and adalimumab. Mechanisms of action, guidelines for usage, efficacy data, and safety concerns will be discussed for each biologic. In addition, the new Th17 biologics and their role in psoriasis pathogenesis will also be examined.
Nrf2 target genes can be controlled by neuronal activity in the absence of Nrf2 and astrocytes

The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of antioxidant genes, and its activation in astrocytes confers noncell-autonomous neuroprotection. A recent interesting and provocative study published in PNAS proposes that neuronal activity stabilizes Nrf2 expression in astrocytes, leading to astrocytic Nrf2-mediated gene expression (1). However, we show here that it is possible for neuronal activity to activate expression of known Nrf2 target genes independently of both Nrf2 and of astrocytes. Habas et al. (1) observe that in mixed neuronal/astrocyte rat hippocampal cultures, electrical activity induced by GABAA receptor inhibition in the presence of the K+ channel antagonist 4-aminopyridine induces the known Nrf2 target genes Gclc (glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit) and Nqo1 (NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1). The authors attribute this gene induction to activation of Nrf2 signaling in astrocytes because it was stronger in a mixed culture (17% astrocytes) than in a neuronal culture with fewer (4%) astrocytes. However, the presence of a significant number of astrocytes in both preparations makes it difficult to make definitive conclusions. Moreover, in the absence of Nrf2 knockout/knock-down studies, it is not completely clear whether the induction of Gclc and Nqo1 was Nrf2-dependent, particularly as Nrf2 target genes can be controlled by other transcription factors. For example, we and colleagues have studied the transcriptional regulation of sulfiredoxin 1 ( Srxn1 ) and xCT (2, … [↵][1]2To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Giles.Hardingham{at}ed.ac. uk. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Influence of temperature and sperm preparation on the quality of spermatozoa ans

This study invest Annelies Thijssen graduated in July 2012 with a Masters in biomedical sciences – clinical molecular sciences from the Transnational University Limburg, Diepenbeek, Belgium. She finished her master thesis on ‘Methods for optimal sperm selection and preservation in the IVF laboratory’ at the Genk Institute for Fertility Technology of the Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium. In September 2012, she started a PhD project ‘Sperm banking in Belgium: medical, ethical and economical aspects’, a collaboration between Hasselt University and the Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg with Willem Ombelet as promoter. igated the effects of long-term (24 h) in-vitro sperm incubation at room temperature (RT; 23 C) versus testis temperature (35 C) on various sperm-quality parameters. Semen samples (n = 41) were prepared both by density-gradient centrifugation (DGC) and the swim-up technique in order to compare the influence of sperm preparation on sperm quality after incubation. Progressive motility and morphology were significantly higher after incubation at RT compared with 35 C (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively). The proportions of acrosome-reacted, apoptotic and dead spermatozoa were significantly lower in samples incubated for 24 h at RT compared with 35 C (P < 0.001, P = 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). The number of motile, morphologically normal, non-acrosome-reacted and nonapoptotic spermatozoa recovered after sperm preparation was significantly higher in DGC compared with swim-up samples (P < 0.001). However, spermatozoa prepared by swim-up showed better survival after incubation compared with DGC-prepared spermatozoa, especially when incubated at 35 C. In conclusion, this study indicates a significantly better and longer preservation of sperm quality when incubation is performed at RT. These findings may convince laboratories to change the routinely used sperm storage conditions in order to maximize the quality of the prepared sperm sample.
JACOBIAN INVERSE KINEMATICS MANIPULATORS

We study Jacobian inverse kinematics algorithms for mobile manipulators composed of a nonholonomic mobile platform and a holonomic onboard manipulator. In general, the Jacobian algorithms converge locally, often producing weird end effector and platform trajectories. In the paper we use the existing theory of Newton algorithms in order to improve the quality of convergence of the Jacobian algorithms. Specifically, we examine a strategy of adjusting the steplength in the Jacobian pseudoinverse algorithm that results from the affine covariant Lipschitz condition imposed on the mobile manipulator’s Jacobian. The affine covariant strategy is verified by extensive computer simulations and compared with the constant length step and a simple Armijo strategies.
Pathogenetic effects of platelet activating factor on enterogenic endotoxemia after burn.

Previous clinical and experimental studies have indicated that an early endotoxemia occurred after a major burn. It is unlikely that burn wound sepsis is the source of circulating endotoxin in less than 12 h after burn. Increasing evidence demonstrates that the bacteria and endotoxin in the gastrointestinal tract can pass through the gut barrier into blood circulation to form enterogenic endotoxemia following burn[1-3]. However, its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Platelet activating factor (PAF), an endogenous phospholipid mediator, has recently been proposed as a critical mediator in shock, sepsis and multiple organ failure[4,5]. In this study, the relationship between changes of PAF and enterogenic endotoxemia was observed on rat models with 30% TBSA III burn. The purpose was to investigate the pathogenetic effects of PAF on the occurrence of enterogenic endotoxemia after burn.
Increase in the apparent sensitivity of HeLa cells on a membrane filter to ultraviolet radiation.

HeLa cells were allowed to become attached to a membrane filter and then irradiated with UV radiation at 254 nm. The viability of the cells was lower than that of cells which were irradiated on a plastic Petri dish. This decrease in viability was observed not only when the cells were in direct contact with the membrane filter, but also when the membrane filter was placed outside the Petri dish containing the HeLa cells which allowed the transmission of UV. Experiments with T4 phage in suspension strongly suggest that this decrease in viability is due to the reflection of 254 nm radiation by the membrane filter.