Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An FSO-Based Drone Assisted Mobile Access Network for Emergency Communications

Deploying drone mounted base stations (DBSs) can quickly recover communications of mobile users (MUs) in a disaster struck area. That is, DBSs can act as relay nodes to transmit data from remote working base stations (which are located out of the disaster struck area) to MUs. Since DBSs could be deployed very close to MUs, the access link data rates between DBSs and MUs are well provisioned. However, DBSs may be far away from the remote working base stations, and thus the backhaul link data rate between a DBS and the remote working base station could be throttled. Free Space Optics (FSO), which has been demonstrated to provision high speed point-to-point wireless communications, can be leveraged to improve the capacity of the backhaul link. Since FSO requires line-of-sight between a DBS and a remote working macro base station, DBSs have to be carefully deployed. In this paper, we design a QoS awaRe dronE base Station plaCement and mobile User association stratEgy (RESCUE) in the context of FSO based drone assisted mobile access networks to jointly optimize the DBS deployment, MU association, and bandwidth allocation such that the number of served MUs in the disaster struck area is maximized. The performance of RESCUE is validated via extensive simulations.
The Solar Wind Electron Halo as Produced by Electron Beams Originating in the Lower Corona: Beam Density Dependence

It has been suggested that the isotropic electron halo observed in the solar wind electron velocity distribution function may originate from nanoflare-accelerated electron beams below 1.1 R⊙ from the solar surface through the nonlinear electron two-stream instability (ETSI). This model unifies the origins of kinetic waves, the electron halo, and the coronal weak Type III bursts, and establishes a link between the solar wind observables and the electron dynamics in nanoflares. One of the important predictions of this model is that the halo-core temperature ratio is anticorrelated with the density ratio, and the minimum ratio is ∼4, a relic of the ETSI heating and has been found to be consistent with solar wind observations. However, how the density and relative drift of the electron beams determine the thermal properties of solar wind electrons is unclear. In this paper, using a set of particle-in-cell simulations and kinetic theory, we show that a necessary condition for an isotropic halo to develop is that the ratio of beam density nb and the background n0 be lower than a critical value Nc ∼ 0.3. Heating of the core electrons becomes weaker with decreasing beam density, while the heating of halo electrons becomes stronger. As a result, the temperature ratio of the halo and core electrons increases with the decrease of the beam density, explaining the physical meaning of the predicted anticorrelated relation. We apply these results to the current observations and discuss the possible electron beam density produced in the nanoflares.
Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis for bladed disks with random blade anisotropy orientations

Single crystal blades used in turbine bladed disks of modern gas turbine engines exhibit material anisotropy. The crystal orientations of blades in a bladed disk are usually different. The static and dynamic response of a mistuned bladed disk with a blade to blade variation in crystal orientations differs significantly from the tuned structure where all blades are identical. Based on detailed study of the available literature on mistuned bladed disk, a gap in knowledge on the effects of blade anisotropy orientation on static deformation and forced response of bladed disk was identified, since there are no studies for bladed disk mistuned by material anisotropy based on high-fidelity finite element models. In the first part of this study, the effects of blade material anisotropy orientation on non-linear static deformation of the mistuned bladed disk are thoroughly investigated. Moreover, sensitivity and uncertainty analyses for non-linear static deformation are performed to quantify the effects of scattering in blade crystal orientation. A method based on Sobol indices, hitherto unused in the analysis of mistuned bladed disk, is introduced for global sensitivity analysis with respect to blade anisotropy angles. The usefulness of polynomial chaos expansion as an efficient method for uncertainty analysis of mistuned blade disk is demonstrated. For mistuned bladed disk, with numerous design parameters in the form of blade anisotropy angles, the following two strategies are proposed to address the “curse of dimensionality” problem associated with uncertainty analysis: (i) reduce the dimension of the random space by screening the anisotropy angles based on their rank order of importance obtained from sensitivity analysis, (ii) by using gradient values, in addition to function evaluations, to calculate the coefficients in the polynomial chaos expansion. Due to manufacturing errors, the contact geometry of blades at fir-tree root and shrouds will be different from the design geometry. The effects of variation in crystal orientation on non-linear static deformation of a tuned bladed disk is investigated for different variants of fir-tree root and shroud geometry. In the second part of this study, the effects of blade material anisotropy orientation on the linear forced response of mistuned bladed disks are investigated. Considering blade anisotropy angles as random design parameters, uncertainty in forced response of mistuned bladed disk is quantified using gradient-based polynomial chaos expansion. Further, the crystal orientations of blades are optimised in order to achieve a reduction in the maximum forced response amplitude of a mistuned bladed disk.
Wizyjna detekcja obiektów w obrazach przy użyciu klasyfikatora SVM i deskryptorów HOG : porównanie wyników dla kolejowych sygnalizatorów świetlnych oraz dla sylwetek ludzkich

W artykule porównane zostały krzywe DET (ang. Detection-Error Tradeoff) dla pojedynczego klasyfikatora SVM testowanego na zbiorze kolejowych sygnalizatorów świetlnych przy użyciu oprogramowania zaimplementowanego w środowisku MATLAB, oprogramowania zaimplementowanego w C++ przy użyciu biblioteki OpenCV oraz dla pojedynczego klasyfikatora testowanego na zbiorze obrazów INRIA zawierającym sylwetki ludzkie. Potrzeba porównania rezultatów dla sygnalizatorów świetlnych z rezultatami dla ludzi oraz porównania funkcji oferowanych przez środowisko MATLAB z funkcjami biblioteki OpenCV wynika z uzyskanych w poprzednich badaniach (R. Król, P. Bojarczak, Detekcja kolejowych sygnalizatorów świetlnych w obrazach przy użyciu deskryptorów HOG i sieci neuronowych SVM) wysokich, względem badań N. Dalal, wartości współczynnika FPPW (ang. False Positives Per Window). Badania przedstawione w niniejszym artykule dowodzą, że charakterystyczne cechy geometryczne sygnalizatorów świetlnych nie wpływają na jakość rezultatów uzyskanych przy metodzie badań zastosowanej w poprzedniej pracy.
Use of Dithiothreitol Assay to Evaluate the Oxidative Potential of Atmospheric Aerosols

Oxidative potential (OP) has been proposed as a useful descriptor for the ability of particulate matter (PM) to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consequently induce oxidative stress in biological systems, which has been recognized as one of the most important mechanisms responsible for PM toxicity. The dithiothreitol (DTT) assay is one of the most frequently used techniques to quantify OP because it is low-cost, easy-to-operate, and has high repeatability. With two thiol groups, DTT has been used as a surrogate of biological sulfurs that can be oxidized when exposed to ROS. Within the DTT measurement matrix, OP is defined as the DTT consumption rate. Often, the DTT consumption can be attributed to the presence of transition metals and quinones in PM as they can catalyze the oxidation of DTT through catalytic redox reactions. However, the DTT consumption by non-catalytic PM components has not been fully investigated. In addition, weak correlations between DTT consumption, ROS generation, and cellular responses have been observed in several studies, which also reveal the knowledge gaps between DTT-based OP measurements and their implication on health effects. In this review, we critically assessed the current challenges and limitations of DTT measurement, highlighted the understudied DTT consumption mechanisms, elaborated the necessity to understand both PM-bound and PM-induced ROS, and concluded with research needs to bridge the existing knowledge gaps.
A Design Guideline for Mode (DE) Multiplexer Based on Integrated Tapered Asymmetric Directional Coupler

A tapered asymmetric directional coupler is considered as a promising structure for high tolerance and efficient on-chip mode (de)multiplexers. However, the optimum geometry parameters selection still remains empirical without specific numerical guidance. Here, an in-depth analysis has been carried out based on coupling mode theory. A theoretical model is built aiming to combine the consideration of device efficiency, mode crosstalk and fabrication tolerance. According to that, mode (de)multiplexers (TE<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_0$</tex-math></inline-formula>-TE<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_1$</tex-math></inline-formula>, TE<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_0$</tex-math></inline-formula>-TE<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_2$</tex-math></inline-formula>, TM<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_0$</tex-math></inline-formula>-TM<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_1$</tex-math></inline-formula>, TM<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_0$</tex-math></inline-formula>-TM<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_2$</tex-math></inline-formula>) with broad operation wavelength (C + L band) and low mode crosstalk (minimum −30 dB) are fabricated. The proposed theoretical model can serve as a guideline for the design and optimization of the tapered ADC based mode (de)multiplexers.
Modeling of heat and fluid flow in granular layers using high-order compact schemes and volume penalization method

Abstract The article presents a novel computational algorithm for modeling of heat and mass transfer processes around neighboring solid objects and inside granular layers. It is based on a volume penalization approach formulated in the framework of an immersed boundary technique, which allows using Cartesian computational meshes for modeling of solid objects with virtually arbitrarily complex shapes and in any form of contact (point-to-point, point-to-surface, etc.). The spatial discretization is performed using a high-order compact discretization/interpolation method on the meshes in which the locations of velocity, density, and temperature are partially staggered with respect to the locations of pressure nodes. Compared to the conventional collocated node arrangement, the present approach has a stabilizing effect, which is very desirable in case of a sudden change of geometry inside the computational grids, especially when high-order discretization is applied. The formulated algorithm is verified based on the following test cases: (i) three hot solid spherical objects immersed in a stream of cold flow; (ii) two granular beds with hundreds of hot solid objects placed in a flowing cold fluid. The results are compared to the solutions obtained using ANSYS-Fluent software and experimental data. In all the cases, the agreement of the results is very good.
Neutrino windows to new physics

We have evidence that the Standard Model is not complete and that a more fundamental underlying theory remains to be unveiled. Models which explain several beyond the Standard Model indications instead of focusing on just one are particular appealing in this context. In this thesis we study possible connections between the open questions of the Standard Model: the quest for neutrino masses and mixings, the hierarchy problem, and the evidence for Dark Matter.
Design for Curiosity: A Study of Visual Design Elements, Interaction, and Motivation

The field of Human Computer Interaction (HCI) has traditionally focused on the usability of a system, but as increasing numbers of interactive products become entwined in our daily lives, so does the opportunity to understand user impacts that reach beyond usability. In particular, interaction design, a subdomain of HCI, expands the focus of HCI by looking at the aesthetic impacts a system may have on user emotions. Curiosity is one such emotion that tends to induce information-seeking and motivational behaviors. An experimental study was undertaken to determine whether an interactive, front-end graphic that incorporated curiosity principles in its design would sufficiently pique a participating university faculty’s curiosity to interact with the graphic, and thereafter, with an existing platform named George that was developed to motivate faculty to engage in collaborative behavior. George includes capabilities for creating and storing individual faculty trading cards that include the faculty’s photograph, personal interests, research interests, and publication domains. The experimental graphic provided interactive capabilities to incrementally reveal segments of the photograph and to acquire information about the faculty’s research profile. The number of a study participant’s interactions with the graphic was limited by software. The data collected included the location and frequency of interactions with the graphic, and whether participants ultimately accessed the George platform. Statistically significant evidence demonstrated that the curiosity-provoking principles motivated interaction with the graphic, and that participants were also motivated to access George. DESIGN FOR CURIOSITY iv
Deep Walk Algorithm based on Improved Random Walk with Equal Probability

Most of the existing network representation learning algorithms are mainly based on the DeepWalk algorithm. The main improvement is to modify DeepWalk's three-layer neural network to multi-layer neural network or to introduce the network's external attributes into the DeepWalk algorithm for joint representation learning. In network representation learning, the random walk strategy can be considered as network data preprocessing of network representation learning tasks. Learning the random walk sequences, including most of the network structure features, is very important for the network representation learning algorithm, because the subsequent training procedure of neural networks is to continuously adjust the representation of each node in the network based on the co-occurrence of node pairs. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to improve the random walk strategy of the DeepWalk algorithm. We propose a novel DeepWalk algorithm based on the improved random walk with equal probability (EPDW). Although the next node in the random walk of the DeepWalk algorithm is chosen with equal probability, one of the neighbouring nodes of the current node is chosen as the next node of the random walk by the pseudo-random number. The improvement of EPDW is to choose the next hop node in the random walk using the roulette method of cumulative probability sum of random walk nodes. Although this method also chooses the next hop node with equal probability, it can choose the next hop random walk node more reasonably and effectively.
New Inequalities of Weaving K-Frames in Subspaces

In the present paper, we obtain some new inequalities for weaving K-frames in subspaces based on the operator methods. The inequalities are associated with a sequence of bounded complex numbers and a parameter λ ∈ R . We also give a double inequality for weaving K-frames with the help of two bounded linear operators induced by K-dual. Facts prove that our results cover those recently obtained on weaving frames due to Li and Leng, and Xiang.
Technological Benchmark of Analog Synaptic Devices for Neuroinspired Architectures

Editor’s note: In this article, the authors present a circuit-level macro model (“NeuroSim” simulator) to estimate circuit-level performance of neuroinspired architectures to facilitate design space exploration. The model is used to analyze the impact of analog synapse device characteristics on the performance of a two-layer multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network and identify critical device properties (on/off ratio and asymmetry, in this case) to guide technology development. —An Chen, Semiconductor Research Corporation
The statistical mechanics of Twitter communities

We build models for the distribution of social states in Twitter communities. States can be defined by the participation versus silence of individuals in conversations that surround key words, and we approximate the joint distribution of these binary variables using the maximum entropy principle, finding the least structured models that match the mean probability of individuals tweeting and their pairwise correlations. These models provide very accurate, quantitative descriptions of higher order structure in these social networks. The parameters of these models seem poised close to critical surfaces in the space of possible models, and we observe scaling behavior of the data under coarse-graining. These results suggest that simple models, grounded in statistical physics, may provide a useful point of view on the larger data sets now emerging from complex social systems.
The explicit conflict check algorithm implemented in the Waters library

This working paper describes the implementation of explicit model checking algorithms to verify the nonblocking or nonconflicting property of discrete event systems. Explicit algorithms enumerate and store all reachable states of a synchronous composition. Three alternatives optimised for memory consumption or runtime are described and compared. The algorithms have been implemented in C++ in the discrete event systems library Waters, and experimental results show that they can explore more than 100 million states on standard computers.
COBIS: Opportunistic C-Band Bistatic SAR Differential Interferometry

Monitoring large built structures, landslides, volcanoes, or glaciers implies relative height measurements and line-of-sight (LOS) displacement measurements, which are typically performed with monostatic spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors. In this case, for each satellite that illuminates a given location, we can usually exploit only the information available from one ascending/descending orbit, and if the satellite uses multiple subswaths, the information is obtained only from one subswath per orbit. A bistatic configuration with spaceborne transmitter and fixed ground-based (GB) receiver opens the possibility to exploit the information available from more than one orbit and one subswath per orbit. Additionally, such a configuration offers new perspectives for target tracking and characterization (e.g., multiple LOSs and bistatic scattering signatures). This article presents an opportunistic C-band bistatic SAR differential interferometry architecture that uses a multichannel GB stationary receiver and a separate transmitter, which can be either the Sentinel-1A/B satellite, used opportunistically, or a specially designed GB sliding transmitter. The combination of the operation modes based on spaceborne and GB transmitter allows monitoring a small critical area of interest with many acquisitions triggered by the GB transmitter and surveying of the whole surrounding area with a small number of acquisitions corresponding to the satellites passes. The hardware platforms are presented along with the bistatic interferometric processing flow, and the potential of the proposed architecture is assessed in the context of monitoring large built structures.
Research on the possibilities of using linear observation models in welding processes

The usage relevance of linear observation models of welding processes is substantiated. A brief analytical review of scientific papers on using linear observation models for researching the processes of arc welding is introduced. An example of studies utilizing a linear observation model based on the results of experiments with alloying of a weld metal is given. The type of linear observation model – fractional replication – is determined. An experiment planning matrix and test results are given. After performing tests and processing the experimental data, mathematical models in the form of dependencies of the transfer of alloying elements into the weld metal were obtained. According to the results of the experiments, empirical models in the form of dependencies evaluating the percentages of manganese, silicon and carbon, transfer coefficients from the “wire-to-product” distance, the diameter of the welding nozzle and the filling wire feed rate were obtained. Since the degree of uncertainty of parameters during welding is high enough, the necessity of further modification of linear observation models using expert knowledge is justified. The mathematical specification of the linear observation model with parameters in the form of fuzzy intervals is given. An algorithm for identifying the parameters of a linear observation model in the form of fuzzy intervals has been developed.
Coupled heat equation in thermoelasticity with temperature dependent moduli

Abstract New and consistent expressions for the coupled heat equation are developed within the framework of small-strain thermoelasticity for both Fourier and Cattaneo–Vernotte conduction models. These expressions place no restrictions on the changes in temperature, allow for the temperature dependence of the thermoelastic moduli, and include all the coupling terms as functions of the thermoelastic moduli and their derivatives. As applications, (i) an extended Lord–Shulman-type model is derived that takes into account the temperature dependence of the thermoelastic moduli, and (ii) the equations underpinning the experimental technique of thermoelastic stress analysis are revisited.
Navigating the Online World: Gaze, Fixations, and Performance Differences between Younger and Older Users

ABSTRACT The world’s populations and workforces are aging and older adults are now the fastest growing group of internet users. Unfortunately, age-related declines may prevent older adults from performing web-based tasks with the same ease as their younger counterparts. Recent studies have suggested that peripheral navigation may exacerbate age-related online performance gaps as older adults fail to adequately search peripheral elements. Such studies have however relied on the use of preexisting websites with no control for layout, complexity, or prior familiarity. This study tested whether age-related differences in online performance and search behavior exist across various navigational layouts. Participants (N = 47) completed four online tasks with purpose-built websites of equivalent difficulty, length, and content type, yet with varying navigational layouts (center; left-periphery; top-periphery; inconsistent). Participants’ performance (i.e., accuracy/efficiency), search behavior (i.e., eye gaze/fixation), and satisfaction were examined. Identifiable differences between age-groups and navigational layouts were found, with top-peripheral navigation proving most detrimental to the online performance and satisfaction of both younger and older adults. The results inform design principles that aim to increase older adults’ online functionality, and provide an extensive platform for further research.