Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) without flap and stent (A new technique): Our experience in RIMS, Manipur

Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) has been the preferred treatment in the management of epiphora and many techniques were described by different authors with different success rates. We describe a new technique of endonasal DCR which has given almost 100 % success rates in the management of nasolacrimal duct obstruction. In this new technique, there is no preparation of lacrimal sac flap nor any stenting is required hence avoids the possible concern of flap survival. It is less costly, technically simpler and easier to perform as it avoids the use of stents and fibrin glue yet simple enough to perform. A prospective study on 13 cases of nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) was done to see the outcome of management by endoscopic transnasal DCR without stenting. All the cases were diagnosed clinically by regurgitation test, lacrimal syringing and radiologically by CT scan of the nose and paranasal sinuses to confirm the site and cause of obstruction. No major complications were noted intra-operatively or post-operatively. Average follow- up was 6 months with primary success rate of 100% irrespective of the etiology. This study is an attempt to justify the safety and effectiveness of endoscopic transnasal DCR without stenting in the management of nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Keyword: dacryocystitis, endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy, nasolacrimal duct obstruction
Adaptive Static Analysis via Learning with Bayesian Optimization

Building a cost-effective static analyzer for real-world programs is still regarded an art. One key contributor to this grim reputation is the difficulty in balancing the cost and the precision of an analyzer. An ideal analyzer should be adaptive to a given analysis task and avoid using techniques that unnecessarily improve precision and increase analysis cost. However, achieving this ideal is highly nontrivial, and it requires a large amount of engineering efforts. In this article, we present a new learning-based approach for adaptive static analysis. In our approach, the analysis includes a sophisticated parameterized strategy that decides, for each part of a given program, whether to apply a precision-improving technique to that part or not. We present a method for learning a good parameter for such a strategy from an existing codebase via Bayesian optimization. The learnt strategy is then used for new, unseen programs. Using our approach, we developed partially flow- and context-sensitive variants of a realistic C static analyzer. The experimental results demonstrate that using Bayesian optimization is crucial for learning from an existing codebase. Also, they show that among all program queries that require flow- or context-sensitivity, our partially flow- and context-sensitive analysis answers 75% of them, while increasing the analysis cost only by 3.3× of the baseline flow- and context-insensitive analysis, rather than 40× or more of the fully sensitive version.
Trophobiosis Between Formicidae and Hemiptera (Sternorrhyncha and Auchenorrhyncha): an Overview

In this paper, the mutualistic relationship known as trophobiosis, which occurs convergently between ants and several groups of Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha and Auchenorrhyncha (formerly 'Homoptera') is reviewed. The main characteristics of 'Homoptera' and Formicidae which favor trophobiotic interactions, such as honeydew excretion by sap-sucking insects, ant attendance and physiological needs of both insects groups, are discussed. Aspects of the convergent evolution are presented. The most archaic system is not trophobiotic per se, foragers collect the honeydew casually expelled on the foliage by individuals or groups of non-associated 'Homoptera'. The commonest trophobiotic relationships are facultative; therefore, this form of mutualism is extremely diversified and is responsible for a range of physiological, morphological and behavioral adaptations by the 'Homoptera', mainly Sternorrhyncha. The more differentiated trophobioses are true symbioses where the most extreme changes can be observed on the 'Homoptera' side. Meanwhile, the ants show mainly behavioral adaptations resulting from a long coevolutive process. Considering the situation of sap-sucking insects as main crop pests worldwide, implications of trophobiotic relationships are discussed in the context of insect communities, in general, and on the problems that imply to Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in particular.
Opposing functions of ZEB proteins in the regulation of the TGFβ/BMP signaling pathway

Binding of TGFβ/BMP factors to their receptors leads to translocation of Smad proteins to the nucleus where they activate transcription of target genes. The two‐handed zinc finger proteins encoded by Zfhx1a and Zfhx1b, ZEB‐1/δEF1 and ZEB‐2/SIP1, respectively, regulate gene expression and differentiation programs in a number of tissues. Here I demonstrate that ZEB proteins are also crucial regulators of TGFβ/BMP signaling with opposing effects on this pathway. Both ZEB proteins bind to Smads, but while ZEB‐1/δEF1 synergizes with Smad proteins to activate transcription, promote osteoblastic differentiation and induce cell growth arrest, the highly related ZEB‐2/SIP1 protein has the opposite effect. Finally, the ability of TGFβ to mediate transcription of TGFβ‐dependent genes and induce growth arrest depends on the presence of endogenous ZEB‐1/δEF1 protein.
Hot Dust-obscured Galaxies with Excess Blue Light

Hot dust-obscured galaxies (Hot DOGs) are among the most luminous galaxies in the universe. Powered by highly obscured, possibly Compton-thick, active galactic nuclei (AGNs), Hot DOGs are characterized by spectral energy distributions that are very red in the mid-infrared yet dominated by the host galaxy stellar emission in the UV and optical. An earlier study identified a subsample of Hot DOGs with significantly enhanced UV emission. One target, W0204–0506, was studied in detail and, based on Chandra observations, it was concluded that the enhanced emission was most likely due to either extreme unobscured star formation (star formation rate > 1000 M⊙ yr−1) or to light from the highly obscured AGN scattered by gas or dust into our line of sight. Here, we present a follow-up study of W0204–0506 as well as two more Hot DOGs with excess UV emission. For the two new objects we obtained Chandra/ACIS-S observations, and for all three targets we obtained Hubble Space Telescope/WFC3 F555W and F160W imaging. The analysis of these observations, combined with multiwavelength photometry and UV/optical spectroscopy suggests that UV emission is most likely dominated by light from the central highly obscured, hyperluminous AGN that has been scattered into our line of sight, by either gas or dust. We cannot decisively rule out, however, that star formation or a second AGN in the system may significantly contribute to the UV excess of these targets.
Understanding the relationship between general intelligence and socio-cognitive abilities in humans

Abstract Burkart et al. consider that the relationship between general intelligence and socio-cognitive abilities is poorly understood in animals and humans. We examine this conclusion in the perspective of an already substantial evidence base on the relationship among general intelligence, theory of mind, and emotional intelligence. We propose a link between general intelligence and socio-cognitive abilities within humans.
Relationship Between Free-Living Daily Physical Activity and Ambulatory Measures in Older Claudicants

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between free-living daily physical activity and ambulatory measurements in peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) patients with intermittent claudication. Thirty-four older, nonsmoking PAOD patients with intermittent claudication (age = 69.0 ± 6.0 years, ankle/brachial index [ABI] =0.63 ±0.18) were recruited from the Vascular Clinic at the Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center and from radio and newspaper advertisements. Energy expenditure of physical activity (EEPA) was determined by using doubly labeled water and indirect calorimetry techniques. Patients were also characterized on claudication distances and peak oxygen uptake during a graded treadmill test, 6-minute walking distance, weight, body mass index, and percent body fat. The claudication patients were sedentary, as EEPA was 362 ±266 kcal/day. EEPA was related to the 6-minute walk distance (369 ±68 meters; r=0.629, P<0.001), to the number of steps taken during 6 minutes (605 ±99 steps; r=0.485, P=0.008), to the treadmill distance to maximal claudication (313 ±131 meters; r=0.470, P=0.010), and to the time to relief of pain (6:21 ±3:57 min:sec; r=-0.417, P=0.017). None of the other ambulatory and body composition measure ments were correlated with EEPA. In conclusion, a reduction in free-living daily physical activity was associated with a decrease in ambulatory ability and with more severe inter mittent claudication in older PAOD patients.
Symptomatic Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias

Background:The trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs) are a group of primary headache syndromes characterized by strictly unilateral head pain that occurs in association with ipsilateral cranial autonomic features. The group includes cluster headache, paroxysmal hemicrania, and short lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing. These syndromes differ in attack duration and frequency as well as the response to therapy. Most of the cases of these syndromes are primary headaches, though numerous symptomatic cases have been described albeit that it is difficult to establish a causal relationship with the underlying pathology in most cases. Review Summary:We reviewed the literature to identify the cases of symptomatic TACs that were likely to be secondary to the reported underlying lesion. We also attempted to identify any clinical features that may be pointers for distinguishing these cases from primary cases and thereby inform the diagnostic workup of these disorders. Conclusion:Forty cases of symptomatic TACs were identified. These symptomatic headaches were associated with atypical phenotypes, abnormal examination, and poor treatment response though a significant minority had a typical presentation. A relatively high proportion of all TACs were secondary to pituitary tumors. It is difficult to draw up guidelines for the diagnostic workup required on the basis of this small retrospective case series. It remains unclear whether every TAC patient requires neuroimaging, though if it is considered then magnetic resonance imaging is the preferred modality. In addition, we suggest that all TAC patients should be carefully assessed for pituitary disease related symptoms but further investigations with magnetic resonance imaging of the pituitary gland and pituitary hormonal profile should only be undertaken in patients with atypical features, abnormal examination, or those resistant to the appropriate medical treatment.
Cellular mechanisms for cardiac arrhythmias.

THE general classification of cardiac arrhythmias that we have employed for a number of years (Hoffmann, 1960; Hoffman and Cranefield, 1964; Wit et al., 1974a, 1974b, 1974c) assumed that all disturbances of rhythm resulted from one of two primary abnormalities in electrical activity. The first was an abnormality in impulse initiation and the second an abnormality in impulse propagation. Also, because there was no reason to assume a priori that these two conditions might not coexist, we classified some arrhythmias as resulting from coexisting abnormalities of impulse initiation and conduction. For the arrhythmias due to abnormal impulse initiation we assumed that the rhythms were automatic in the sense that generation of one impulse did not depend in any crucial way on a prior impulse. Arrhythmias due to abnormal automaticity thus might arise from some change in the normal automatic mechanism or from the development of some abnormal automatic mechanism. In general, this simple scheme has been modified in only one important way. Recent studies on abnormal electrical activity of Purkinje fibers and on the electrical activity of fibers in the AV valves (Wit and Cranefield, 1976) and coronary sinus (Wit and Cranefield, 1977) have led to the concept of triggered arrhythmias. A triggered rhythm differs from a truly automatic rhythm in the sense that the abnormal impulse or repetitive activity is initiated by either an automatic or a stimulated action potential. In the absence of such an action potential (the "trigger") activation or repetitive firing does not occur. The concept is quite an Important one and, although the answers to some questions about differences between automatic and triggered rhythms remain moot, two recent detailed considerations of
ATR-dependent Activation of p38 MAP Kinase Is Responsible for Apoptotic Cell Death in Cells Depleted of Cdc7*

Cdc7 is a serine/threonine kinase that plays essential roles in the initiation of eukaryotic DNA replication and checkpoint response. In previous studies, depletion of Cdc7 by small interfering RNA was shown to induce an abortive S phase that led to the cell cycle arrest in normal human fibroblasts and apoptotic cell death in various cancer cells. Here we report that stress-activated p38 MAP kinase was activated and responsible for apoptotic cell death in Cdc7-depleted HeLa cells. The activation of p38 MAP kinase in the Cdc7-depleted cells was shown to depend on ATR, a major sensor kinase for checkpoint or DNA damage responses. Only the p38 MAP kinase, and not the other stress-activated kinases such as JNK or ERK, was activated, and both caspase 8 and caspase 9 were activated for the induction of apoptosis. Activation of apoptosis in Cdc7-depleted cells was completely abolished in cells treated with small interfering RNA or an inhibitor of the p38 MAP kinase, suggesting that p38 MAP kinase activation was responsible for apoptotic cell death. Taken together, we suggest that the ATR-dependent activation of the p38 MAP kinase is a major signaling pathway that induces apoptotic cell death after depletion of Cdc7 in cancer cells.
Pd and Pt recovery using chitosan gel beads. II. Influence of chemical modifications on sorption properties

Chitosan is very efficient at removing precious metals from dilute acid solutions. Its sorption properties can be improved by the chemical modification of the polymer. Several methods have been tested for chitosan modification including poly(ethylene imine) (PEI)-grafting, hydrogenation of imine function on glutaraldehyde-cross-linked chitosan, and thiourea-grafting. Depending on the modification technique, the improvement in sorption performance may consist, in an increase in sorption capacity (PEI-grafted chitosan), a change in the stability of the sorbent (hydrogenation of imine linkage) or an increase in the selectivity of sorption in the presence of co-ions (thiourea derivatives of chitosan). Chitosan gel beads were chosen rather than the flaked material, since the gel beads have enhanced diffusion properties. The influence of drying and re-hydration of the beads are studied for some of these chitosan derivatives with regard to their diffusion properties.
Counselling and cognitive behavioural therapy reduce anxiety and depression in women with postnatal depression

Patients: 192 women (mean age 30 years) attending postnatal consultations 6–8 weeks after giving birth and diagnosed with minor or major depression (DSM-IV). Exclusions: non-English speaking; unable to give informed consent; other psychiatric disorder or major medical problem; already involved in a psychological programme; ,37 or . 42 weeks of pregnancy; birth weight of baby ,2.5 kg; birth defect; or needing immediate help with crisis management.
Public Sector Corruption and Natural Disasters: A Potentially Deadly Interaction

A number of recent studies have, separately, addressed the effects of public sector corruption and natural disasters. In this paper, we intersect these lines of research to assess whether corruption in the public sector plays a role in the havoc wrought by large scale natural disasters, using major earthquakes as the example. We first develop a brief theoretical model of the relation between these two variables and then empirically test the proposition by analyzing 344 major quakes occurring in 42 countries during the 1975 through 2003 period. We use a Negative Binomial estimation strategy that takes into account the endogenous nature of corruption and controls for a number of other factors such as earthquake frequency, magnitude, distance from population centers, and a country’s level of development which have been shown to influence a quake’s destructiveness. The results provide strong evidence that public sector corruption is both positively and significantly related to the death toll a given earthquake takes on a population.
Using topic models in domain adaptation

An important factor of a corpus is its domain, usually the quality of a SMT system trained on an in-domain corpus increases by adding out-of-domain sentences to its training corpus. In this paper we have shown out-of-domain corpora may also contains sentences which are proper for improving the quality of in-domain corpus. These sentences have words and phrases that occur in indomain corpora so, their context is more similar to the context of in-domain parallel corpus and is far from context of out-of-domain parallel corpora. In this paper we suggest a method based on topic models to extract some sentences from out-of-domain parallel corpora that their context are similar to indomain parallel corpus. We used these extracted sentences for training an SMT system. Finally, we will show the BLEU score of the system output increases about 4.69% by adding these extra information to its training corpus.
CpG island hypermethylation is associated with transcriptional silencing of the p 21 CIP 1 / WAF 1 / SDI 1 gene and confers poor prognosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia

The p21 is a downstream effector of p53/ p73 and belongs to the CIP/KIP family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs). It is, therefore, a potential tumor suppressor gene and probably plays an important role in tumor development. Moreover, reduced expression of p21 has been reported to have prognostic value in several human malignancies. In contrast with other CDKIs, mutational inactivation of p21 is infrequent, but gene inactivation by an alternative mechanism seems to be the general pathway. In this study, we analyzed the methylation status of the p21 promoter region using semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction in 124 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We observed p21 hypermethylation in bone marrow cells from 41% (51 of 124) of ALL patients. Hypermethylation within promoter strongly correlated with decreased p21 messenger RNA expression in tumoral cells. Clinical, molecular, and laboratory features and complete remission rate did not differ significantly between hypermethylated and normally methylated patients. Estimated diseasefree survival (DFS) and overall survival at 7 and 9 years, respectively, were 59% and 65% for healthy patients and 6% and 8% for hypermethylated patients (P 5 .00001 and P 5 .006). Multivariate analysis of potential prognostic factors demonstrated that p21 methylation status was an independent prognostic factor in predicting DFS (P 5 .0001). Our results indicate that the p21 gene is subject to methylation regulation at the transcription level in ALL and seems to be an important factor in predicting the clinical outcome of these patients. (Blood. 2002;99:2291-2296)
Increasing incidence of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in Michigan and association with clinical illness

SUMMARY Infection with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) by serotypes other than O157 (non-O157) have been increasingly reported in the United States. This increase in reporting is primarily due to the improvements in diagnostic tests. We analysed 1497 STEC cases reported in Michigan from 2001 to 2012. A significant increase in the number of non-O157 STEC cases was observed over time, and similar incidence rates were observed for O157 and non-O157 STEC cases in certain time periods. The odds of hospitalization was two times higher in O157 STEC cases relative to non-O157 STEC cases when adjusted for age and gender, suggesting that O157 STEC causes more severe clinical outcomes in all age groups. The use of population-based surveillance to better define trends and associations with disease severity are critical to enhance our understanding of STEC infections and improve upon current prevention and control efforts.
Comparative study of suspended and attached activated sludge processes in the treatment of wastewater containing toxic substances

Although activated sludge communities are considered stable, the presence of toxic substances, such as Cr(VI), in the influent may induce changes in the activity and the performance of a wastewater treatment plant. The main objective of this study was the determination of Cr(VI) effects on the performance and on the protistan community of an activated sludge. Six laboratory scale activated sludge reactors, three conventional and three with PVA gel beads, were supplied with synthetic sewage containing Cr(VI), at three concentrations: 1, 5, and 10 mg/L. The protozoan species were identified, quantified, and correlated to the efficiency of each system through microscopic observations. High removal rates of the organic loading, ammonia– nitrogen, and total phosphorus were observed after the acclimatization period of the activated sludge, even at high Cr(VI) dosages. The reactors with the PVA biofilm carriers exhibited increased removal of Cr(VI) from the synthetic sewage. Differences in the abundance and diversity of the protistans were observed at various Cr(VI) influent concentrations. Sludge Biotic Index (SBI) values decreased at the start of the operation, indicating the effects of Cr(VI) influent on the activated sludge microfauna. However, the acclimatization of the activated sludge microorganisms to Cr(VI) concentrations was indicated by the increase of the SBI index after 45 days of operation. This fact indicates that a healthy activated sludge microfauna, performing adequate biodegradation processes, can be retained after gradual