Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ribonucleotide Reduction in Pseudomonas Species: Simultaneous Presence of Active Enzymes from Different Classes

ABSTRACT Three separate classes of ribonucleotide reductases exist in nature. They differ widely in protein structure. Class I enzymes are found in aerobic bacteria and eukaryotes; class II enzymes are found in aerobic and anaerobic bacteria; class III enzymes are found in strict and facultative anaerobic bacteria. Usually, but not always, one organism contains only one or two (in facultative anaerobes) classes. Surprisingly, the genomic sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa contains sequences for each of the three classes. Here, we show by DNA hybridization that other species ofPseudomonas also contain the genes for three classes. Extracts from P. aeruginosa and P. stutzerigrown aerobically or microaerobically contain active class I and II enzymes, whereas we could not demonstrate class III activity. Unexpectedly, class I activity increased greatly during microaerobic conditions. The enzymes were separated, and the large proteins of the class I enzymes were obtained in close to homogeneous form. The catalytic properties of all enzymes are similar to those of other bacterial reductases. However, the Pseudomonas class I reductases required the continuous presence of oxygen during catalysis, unlike the corresponding Escherichia coli enzyme but similar to the mouse enzyme. In similarity searches, the amino acid sequence of the class I enzyme of P. aeruginosa was more related to that of eukaryotes than to that of E. coli or other proteobacteria, with the large protein showing 42% identity to that of the mouse, suggesting the possibility of a horizontal transfer of the gene. The results raise many questions concerning the physiological function and evolution of the three classes inPseudomonas species.
Design and development of magneto-rheological brake for optimum casing thickness

The online control of torque by Magneto-Rheological (MR) brake through MR Fluid makes an attractive option to replace the conventional disc brake. The torque provided by the MR brake depends on the magnetic flux generated on the MR fluid by the electromagnet. However the magnetic flux generated in a MR brake depends on the thickness of the casing, properties of MR fluid and material property of the MR brakes. Extensive work has been performed on improving the magnetic properties of MR fluid. However no work has been performed yet, to understand the thickness of the casing required for generating higher magnetic flux on MR fluid. Therefore in the present work, the dependence of casing thickness on the generation of magnetic flux on MR fluid region is studied using ANSYS software. Detailed electro-static analysis has been performed by varying the thickness of the casing and the magnetic flux at the MR fluid was evaluated. Based on the obtained results, MR brake having the desired thickness was developed. The generated magnetic flux values were validated with the reading obtained from Gauss meter. The obtained results are presented.
Evidence Based Periodontology: An Overview

Traditionally, clinical decisions in dentistry have been based on the experience of the clinical dentist. If a given treatment seemed to work, it was utilized again; if the results were disappointing, the procedure was deserted. Evaluating clinical treatment in this fashion is difficult because it is hard to know which factors are important for success and which ones contribute to failure. This came with the concept of evidence based approach which facilitates conclusions for clinical practice based on sound research studies. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how evidence based approach can both inform on and benefit healthcare in periodontology Keywords - Decision making, evidence based approach, meta-analysis, randomized control trial, systematic review.
Energy-momentum tensor of bouncing gravitons

In models of the Universe with extra dimensions gravity propagates in the whole space-time. Graviton production by matter on the brane is significant in the early hot Universe. In a model of 3-brane with matter embedded in 5D space-time conditions for gravitons emitted from the brane to the bulk to return back to the brane are found. For a given 5-momentum of graviton falling back to the brane the interval between the times of emission and return to the brane is calculated. A method to calculate contribution to the energy-momentum tensor from multiple graviton bouncings is developed. Explicit expressions for contributions to the energy-momentum tensor of gravitons which have made one, two and three bounces are obtained and their magnitudes are numerically calculated. These expressions are used to solve the evolution equation for dark radiation. A relation connecting reheating temperature and the scale of extra dimension is obtained. For the reheating temperature TR∼ 106 GeV we estimate the scale of extra dimension μ to be of order 10−9 GeV (μ−1∼ 10−5 cm).
O LICOPENO E SUAS CONTRIBUIÇÕES NA PREVENÇÃO DE DOENÇAS

Carotenoides sao pigmentos naturais presentes na dieta humana em frutas e vegetais. Dentre os carotenoides dieteticos, o licopeno e um dos antioxidantes mais potentes e confere ao tomate, goiaba, melancia e outros, a coloracao vermelha especifica. Uma dieta a base de tomate e derivados, ricos em licopeno, tem sido associada com a diminuicao do risco de doencas cronicas, tais como doenca cardiovascular e câncer, principalmente o câncer de prostata e o de mama. O licopeno e conhecido como um dos melhores supressores biologicos de radicais livres, especialmente aqueles derivados do oxigenio. Este artigo concentra conhecimentos da literatura relacionados as propriedades biologicas e quimicas do licopeno, bem como as associacoes entre o seu consumo e a saude humana, desempenhando o papel de alimento funcional.
Solving University Scheduling Problem Using Hybrid Approach

In universities scheduling curriculum activity is an essential job. Primarily, scheduling is a distribution of limited resources under interrelated constraints. The set of hard constraints demand the highest priority and should not to be violated at any cost, while the maximum soft constraints satisfaction mounts the quality scale of solution. In this research paper, a novel bisected approach is introduced that is comprisesd of GA (Genetic Algorithm) as well as Backtracking Recursive Search. The employed technique deals with both hard and soft constraints successively. The first phase decisively is focused over elimination of all the hard constraints bounded violations and eventually produces partial solution for subsequent step. The second phase is supposed to draw the best possible solution on the search space. Promising results are obtained by implementation on the real dataset. The key points of the research approach are to get assurance of hard constraints removal from the dataset and minimizing computational time for GA by initializing pre-processed set of chromosomes.
Advancing HIV research with pregnant women: navigating challenges and opportunities

Objective:Concerns about including pregnant women in research have led to a dearth of evidence to guide safe and effective treatment and prevention of HIV in pregnancy. To better understand why these evidence gaps persist and inform guidance for responsible inclusion of pregnant women in the HIV research agenda, we aimed to learn what HIV experts perceive as barriers and constraints to conducting this research. Methods:We conducted a series of group and one-on-one consultations with 62 HIV investigators and clinicians to elicit their views and experiences conducting HIV research involving pregnant women. Thematic analysis was used to identify priorities and perceived barriers to HIV research with pregnant women. Results:Experts discussed a breadth of needed research, including safety, efficacy, and appropriate dosing of: newer antiretrovirals for pregnant women, emerging preventive strategies, and treatment for coinfections. Challenges to conducting research on pregnancy and HIV included ethical concerns, such as how to weigh risks and benefits in pregnancy; legal concerns, such as restrictive interpretations of current regulations and liability issues; financial and professional disincentives, including misaligned funder priorities and fear of reputational damage; and analytical and logistical complexities, such as challenges recruiting and retaining pregnant women to sufficiently power analyses. Conclusion:Investigators face numerous challenges to conducting needed HIV research with pregnant women. Advancing such research will require clearer guidance regarding ethical and legal uncertainties; incentives that encourage rather than discourage investigators to undertake such research; and a commitment to earlier development of safety and efficacy data through creative trial designs.
Los tiempos verbales como marcadores evidenciales: El caso del pretérito perfecto compuesto

A pesar de que los tiempos verbales son a menudo usados de manera atipica (tiempo verbal presente para describir eventos en el pasado o el futuro, tiempo verbal pasado para describir eventos presentes o futuros, etc.) los investigadores se aferran a la interpretacion de los tiempos verbales como deicticos temporales con la tarea basica de ubicar eventos en el tiempo. En este trabajo argumentamos en contra de esta posicion y ensayamos una descripcion del significado de los tiempos verbales como marcadores evidenciales/modales. A partir de este modelo, analizamos el uso del preterito perfecto compuesto en la variante rioplatense del espanol y explicamos las diferentes lecturas que la forma ha recibido en la literatura pertinente (resultativo, admirativo, iterativo, marcador del grado de adhesion del hablante, formalidad) como extensiones de su significado basico evidencial, que describimos como "a partir de la experiencia disponible concluyo/afirmo X"
The rationale for treating allergic asthma with anti-IgE

An estimated two-thirds of asthma is allergic and >50% of severe asthma has an allergic component. An increased immunoglobulin (Ig)E production in response to environmental allergens (atopy) is the strongest detectable predisposing factor for the development of asthma, particularly when sensitisation occurs early in life. IgE binds to high-affinity receptors (FcϵRI) on effector cells, such as mast cells and basophils. Allergen binds to IgE and initiates an inflammatory cascade resulting in release of pro-inflammatory mediators that contribute to the acute and chronic symptoms of allergic airway diseases. By reducing serum IgE levels and FcϵRI receptor expression on key cells in the inflammatory cascade, omalizumab blocks the release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells and reduces the infiltration of inflammatory cells, notably eosinophils, into the airway. In patients with allergic asthma, omalizumab inhibits both the early and late asthmatic response and several other markers of inflammation, including the requirement for inhaled or oral corticosteroids. The anti-inflammatory effects of omalizumab provide proof-of-concept of the key role played by immunoglobulin E in allergic respiratory disease. Omalizumab represents a novel approach to the treatment of asthma, inhibiting the inflammatory cascade before it starts.
Propensão do Cliente à Proposição de Ações Judiciais: Proposição e Teste de Modelo Preditivo para o Setor de Energia Elétrica

O estudo objetivou a proposicao e teste de um modelo predititivo da propensao de clientes de concessionarias do setor de energia eletrica a proposicao de acoes judiciais. Investigaram-se os efeitos: do perfil do cliente; dos motivos criticos de reclamacao; e do historico de acoes administrativas, na propensao a proposicao de acoes judiciais. O corpo teorico do paradigma da desconfirmacao de expectativas foi utilizado como referencial teorico do estudo. Adotou-se uma abordagem exploratoria para o desenvolvimento e teste do modelo predititivo. A tecnica de Arvore de Classificacao foi escolhida para operacionalizar o modelo. O metodo especificado neste estudo para a criacao da arvore de decisao foi o CHAID (Chi Square Interaction Detector). A analise dos dados permite concluir que a propensao a proposicao de uma acao judicial nao depende exclusivamente da natureza do problema enfrentado pelo cliente, mas do seu perfil e da sua trajetoria de relacionamento com a concessionaria. Os resultados do presente estudo adicionam suporte empirico ao corpo teorico do paradigma da desconfirmacao de expectativas, mais especificamente, no que diz respeito a Teoria da Satisfacao, Teoria da Atribuicao e a Teoria da Justica e Equidade. A principal contribuicao gerencial do estudo reside na proposicao de um modelo preditivo que permite atribuir a cada cliente uma probabilidade de proposicao de acao judicial, o que possibilita a adocao de praticas antecipatorias por parte da concessionaria, objetivando melhor servir ao publico.
Development of a Bending Actuator using a Rubber Artificial Muscle and its Application to a Robot Hand

Recent years, with rapidly growing number of nuclear families, the homes which only have the married couple of senior citizen and elderly person of living alone are increasing. So the development of a human-friendly-robot which can take care of people's daily life is strongly desired. This robot has to do works just like human, so it is needed to have a dexterous soft hand in the robot. Therefore, we have developed an artificial soft hand in our laboratory. This robot hand which has five fingers is made of silicone rubber. We can use this hand to achieve several works just like human hand. For example, it can grasp some objects that have the different shape and stiffness. Since it is made of silicone rubber, there is little damage to the object. In this study, we develop and produce a new type actuator, using a McKibben artificial muscle and flexible tube that can be used as a finger of the soft robot hand. Then we investigate the characteristics of the new type actuator. Finally, in order to examine the effectiveness of the proposed actuator, a master-slave system using the new actuator is tested
PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF TRAIT EVOLUTION AND SPECIES DIVERSITY VARIATION AMONG ANGIOSPERM FAMILIES

Angiosperm families differ greatly from one another in species richness (S). Previous studies have attributed significant components of this variation to the influence of pollination mode (biotic/abiotic) and growth form (herbaceous/woody) on speciation rate, but these results suffer difficulties of interpretation because all the studies ignored the phylogenetic relationships among families. We use a molecular phylogeny of the angiosperm families to reanalyse correlations between S and family‐level traits and use reconstructions of trait evolution to interpret the results. We confirm that pollination mode and growth form are correlated with S and show that the majority of changes in pollination mode involved a change from biotic to abiotic pollination with an associated fall in speciation rate. The majority of growth form changes involved the evolution of herbaceousness from woodiness with a correlated rise in speciation rate. We test the hypothesis of Ricklefs and Renner (1994) that “evolutionary flexibility” rather than other trait changes triggered increased speciation rates in some families, but find little support for the hypothesis.
The application and design of embedded wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are composed of sensor nodes that have the ability of real-time perceiving and self-organization. Based on the consideration of performance, power-consumption and cost, this paper gives the hardware design of embedded wireless sensor networks node, which is centering on the popular ARM core microprocessor chip AT91SAM7S256, and the system hardware and software design of embedded wireless sensor networks car security system.
Influence of Top-Down and Bottom-Up Manipulations on the R-BT065 Subcluster of β-Proteobacteria, an Abundant Group in Bacterioplankton of a Freshwater Reservoir

ABSTRACT We studied the effects of nutrient availability and protistan grazing on bacterial dynamics and community composition (BCC) in different parts of the canyon-shaped Římov reservoir (Czech Republic). The effects of protistan grazing on BCC were examined using a size fractionation approach. Water from the dam area with only bacteria (<0.8 μm), bacteria and heterotrophic nanoflagellates (<5 μm), or whole water were incubated in situ inside dialysis bags. Top-down or predator manipulations (size fractionation) were also combined with bottom-up or resource manipulations, i.e., transplantation of samples to the middle and upper inflow parts of the reservoir with increased phosphorus availability. Significant genotypic shifts in BCC occurred with transplantation as indicated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Using different probes for fluorescence in situ hybridization, we found that 10 to 50% of total bacteria were members of the phylogenetically small cluster of β-proteobacteria (targeted with the probe R-BT065). These rod-shaped cells of very uniform size were vulnerable to predation but very fast growing and responded markedly to the different experimental manipulations. In all the grazer-free treatments, the members of the R-BT065 cluster showed the highest net growth rates of all studied bacterial groups. Moreover, their relative abundance was highly correlated with bacterial bulk parameters and proportions of bacteria with high nucleic acid (HNA) content. In contrast, increasing protistan bacterivory yielded lower proportions of R-BT065-positive and HNA bacteria substituted by increasing proportions of the class Actinobacteria, which profited from the enhanced protistan bacterivory.
Infrequent development of resistance in genotype 1-6 hepatitis C virus-infected subjects treated with sofosbuvir in phase 2 and 3 clinical trials.

BACKGROUND Sofosbuvir is a chain-terminating nucleotide analogue inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B RNA polymerase that is efficacious in subjects with HCV genotype 1-6 infection. Sofosbuvir resistance is primarily conferred by the S282T substitution in NS5B. METHODS NS5B sequencing and susceptibility testing of HCV from subjects infected with genotypes 1-6 who participated in phase 2 and 3 sofosbuvir clinical trials was performed. RESULTS No NS5B variants present at baseline among 1645 sofosbuvir-treated subjects were associated with treatment failure; sofosbuvir susceptibility was within 2-fold of reference. Among 282 subjects who did not achieve sustained virologic response, no novel sofosbuvir resistance-associated variants were identified, and the NS5B changes observed did not confer significant reductions in sofosbuvir susceptibility. In 1 subject with S282T observed at relapse 4 weeks after sofosbuvir monotherapy, the resistant variant (13.5-fold reduced sofosbuvir susceptibility, replication capacity <2% of control) became undetectable by deep sequencing 12 weeks after treatment. L159F and V321A were identified as treatment-emergent variants but did not confer resistance to sofosbuvir in the replicon system. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate a uniform susceptibility of subject-derived HCV to sofosbuvir, and also show that selection of sofosbuvir-resistant HCV is exceedingly rare and is associated with a significant reduction in viral fitness.
Exploring the potential of eyewear-based wearable display devices for use by the visually impaired

Head-mounted wearable devices offer visually impaired users discreet and hands-free access to digital information augmenting their awareness of and facilitating their interaction with their environment. However, to date, only a few such prototypical solutions have been developed whose unwieldy and attention-drawing components preclude mainstream public acceptance. Recently, some natural-eyewear based display devices, such as Google Glass, have emerged which are distinguished by their compactness, inconspicuousness and versatility of functions. As opposed to able-bodied people, for whom these devices are merely gadgets whose utility lies mainly in their potential to entertain and inform, for the visually impaired, the continuous hands-free information access about visual cues in their environment afforded by these devices has life-changing implications providing them with the means to attain increased autonomy and enhance their self-reliance. This paper endeavors to draw the attention of the research and development community to the assistive potential of these devices. The utility of several existing functions in these devices for the visually impaired is examined, suggestions for making these functions accessible are offered and some new applications for these platforms are proposed. Some insights into the practicality and usefulness of such devices from a visually impaired user's perspective - based on an unstructured interview with a blind individual in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia - are reported.
Ultrastructure and innervation of neuroepithelial bodies in the lungs of newborn cats

Neuroepithelial bodies (NEB) occur throughout the airway mucosa and alveolar parenchyma of kitten lungs. In the bronchi, they are often situated on top of a cartilage plate. They form compact corpuscles containing 10–20 corpuscular cells and appear covered with a layer of flattened Claracells. Kitten NEB are occasionally observed to display mitosis of the corpuscular epithelial cells. A prominent blood capillary lies at their basal pole. The corpuscular cells contain numerous dense core vesicles (DCV), whose number and diameter remain unchanged with age. Kitten NEB are innervated by nerve fibres that “loop” through the corpuscle and form morphologically afferent as well as efferent nerve endings. The nerve endings display afferent synaptic junctions with the corpuscular cells and sometimes run in clusters, so that they contact each other. Many nerve endings undergo spontaneous degeneration.
CEACAM1 on activated NK cells inhibits NKG2D‐mediated cytolytic function and signaling

Carcinoembryonic antigen‐related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is expressed on activated natural killer (NK) cells wherein it inhibits lysis of CEACAM1‐bearing tumor cell lines. The mechanism for this is unknown. Here, we show that interleukin‐2‐induced expression of CEACAM1 on both mouse and primary human NK cells impairs the ability of NK gene complex group 2 member D (NKG2D) to stimulate cytolysis of CEACAM1‐bearing cells. This process requires the expression of CEACAM1 on the NK cells and on the tumor cells, which is consistent with the involvement of trans‐homophilic interactions between CEACAM1. Mechanistically, co‐engagement of NKG2D and CEACAM1 results in a biochemical association between these two surface receptors and the recruitment of Src homology phosphatase 1 by CEACAM1 that leads to dephosphorylation of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vav1 and blockade of downstream signaling that is associated with the initiation of cytolysis. Thus, CEACAM1 on activated NK cells functions as an inhibitory receptor for NKG2D‐mediated cytolysis, which has important implications for understanding the means by which CEACAM1 expression adversely affects tumor immunity.
Clustering semi-supervisado sobre datos procedentes de una plataforma e-learning

El clustering con restricciones ha recibido mucha atencion en los ultimos anos, ya que permite incluir, de manera sencilla y eficaz, informacion de dominio en el proceso de descubrimiento de patrones y obtener asi mejores resultados. En este estudio, se propone su uso para mejorar el clustering en datos procedentes de una plataforma e-learning, donde el conocimiento previo sobre la similaridad en el comportamiento de los alumnos se utiliza en la formacion de los clusters, creando agrupaciones mas homogeneas y reales. En concreto, se aplica el algoritmo C-DBSCAN para la identificacion de perfiles similares, y se demuestra como el uso de restricciones mejora la calidad de los clusters. Para ello, se comparan los resultados que se obtienen al aplicar los algoritmos DBSCAN vs C-DBSCAN.