Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS) Presenting with Ataxia and

A clinically isolated syndrome is the result of a single episode of demyelination in one area of the central nervous system (a monofocal episode) or several areas of the central nervous system (a multifocal episode) which lasts for at least 24 hours. Of those who are eventually diagnosed with MS, 85% experience an initial onset of symptoms or a first attack that is referred to as a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). Here we describe a 10-yr-old-boy with ataxia and ophthalmoplegia, whose MRI showed demyelination only in bilateral fronto- parietal subcortical areas. Patient improved on pulse methyl-prednisolone therapy with tapering dose of steroids and never had recurrence on further follow up till date.
Comparison of an anticoagulation clinic with usual medical care: anticoagulation control, patient outcomes, and health care costs.

BACKGROUND The outcomes of an inception cohort of patients seen at an anticoagulation clinic (AC) were published previously. The temporary closure of this clinic allowed the evaluation of 2 more inception cohorts: usual medical care and an AC. OBJECTIVE To compare newly anticoagulated patients who were treated with usual medical care with those treated at an AC for patient characteristics, anticoagulation control, bleeding and thromboembolic events, and differences in costs for hospitalizations and emergency department visits. RESULTS Rates are expressed as percentage per patient-year. Patients treated at an AC who received lower-range anticoagulation had fewer international normalized ratios greater than 5.0 (7.0% vs 14.7%), spent more time in range (40.0% vs 37.0%), and spent less time at an international normalized ratio greater than 5 (3.5% vs 9.8%). Patients treated at an AC who received higher-range anticoagulation had more international normalized ratios within range (50.4% vs 35.0%), had fewer international normalized ratios less than 2.0 (13.0% vs 23.8%), and spent more time within range (64.0% vs 51.0%). The AC group had lower rates (expressed as percentage per patient-year) of significant bleeding (8.1% vs 35.0%), major to fatal bleeding (1.6% vs 3.9%), and thromboembolic events (3.3% vs 11.8%); the AC group also demonstrated a trend toward a lower mortality rate (0% vs 2.9%; P= .09). Significantly lower annual rates of warfarin sodium-related hospitalizations (5% vs 19%) and emergency department visits (6% vs 22%) reduced annual health care costs by $132086 per 100 patients. Additionally, a lower rate of warfarin-unrelated emergency department visits (46.8% vs 168.0%) produced an additional annual savings in health care costs of $29 72 per 100 patients. CONCLUSIONS A clinical pharmacist-run AC improved anticoagulation control, reduced bleeding and thromboembolic event rates, and saved $162058 per 100 patients annually in reduced hospitalizations and emergency department visits.
Effect of Gastric Acid on the Pathogenesis of Subglottic Stenosis

A case of subglottic stenosis, recalcitrant to conventional therapy, was associated with asymptomatic aspiration of gastric acid into the larynx. Once the reflux was controlled by use of an antacid regimen and an H2 blocker, the subglottic stenosis resolved and the patient could be decannulated. This case led to the use of an experimental canine model of subglottic stenosis to examine gastric acid as a pathogenic factor in the development of subglottic stenosis. In control animals, mucosal lesions healed without development of stenosis. In experimental animals with mucosal lesions painted with gastric acid, subglottic stenosis developed. When perichondrium and cartilage were violated and gastric acid applied, stenosis was even more severe and developed more rapidly.
All-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer using a tapered photonic crystal fiber for refractive index measurement

A compact and robust refractive index (RI) sensor based on a tapered photonic crystal fiber (PCF) Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) was proposed. It consists of a section of tapered PCF which is spliced between two single-mode fibers (SMF). A strong evanescent field was formed near the tapered region and made the susceptible to external RI variations. In addition, a PDMS detection cell is designed to increase the stability and robustness of the sensor. The interference between the core and the cladding modes of the PCF is utilized. Experimentally, the sensor exhibits highly RI sensitivity which is found to be 51.902nm/RIU within a range from 1.3411 to 1.3737. A resolution of 1.93×10-5 RIU was achieved since the OSA has a resolution of 1pm. The proposed all-fiber RI sensor based on tapered PCF is attractive due to its compact size, low cost and immunity to electromagnetic interference beyond what conventional magnetic field sensors can offer.
A Soft Tissue Aneurysmal Bone Cyst in Thoracic Cavity

Objective primary aneurysmal bone cyst is a benign, locally aggressive and expansive tumor that typically occurs in long bones or vertebral bodies of children and young adults. Aneurysmal bone cysts originating from the soft tissue are extremely rare, and there has been only one case of soft tissue aneurysmal bone cyst located in the thoracic region. Almost all cases of intrathoracic aneurysmal bone cyst are associated with ribs. We describe a case of primary aneurysmal bone cyst of the soft tissue in the thoracic cavity of a 15-year-old boy. Although initially the tumor was considered cyst hydatid on radiological imaging, microscopic features of the tumor were identical to those of classical aneurysmal bone cyst. Intrathoracic aneurysmal bone cyst, an associated with ribs is extremely rare, due to aneurysmal bone cyst originating from the soft tissue of thoracic cavity, however, radiological and pathological data along with the evaluation can be diagnosed.
Late‐effects among survivors of leukaemia and lymphoma during childhood and adolescence

With improvements in survival rates for children and adolescents diagnosed with leukaemia or lymphoma, issues relating to late treatment-related sequelae have increased in importance. Reviewed are selected late adverse outcomes, including second malignancies, cardiotoxicity, endocrinological effects, impact on neurocognitive ⁄neuropsychological status, late mortality and implications of stem cell transplantation. While there has been considerable research on the late outcomes among survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and Hodgkin’s disease, future research must be directed towards identification of risks associated with more recent treatment regimens, as well as the very lateoccurring outcomes resulting from treatment protocols utilized three or more decades ago. As treatmentand patient-related factors impact the subsequent risk of lateoccurring adverse outcomes, clear delineation of those leukaemia and lymphoma survivors who are at high risk of specific adverse outcomes is essential for the rational design of follow-up guidelines, prevention and intervention strategies.
First person account: living with schizophrenia.

The article that follows is part of the Schizophrenia Bulletin's ongoing First Person Accounts series. We hope that mental health professionals—the Bulletin's primary audience—will take this opportunity to learn about the issues and difficulties confronted by consumers of mental health care. In addition, we hope that these accounts will give patients and families a better sense of not being alone in confronting the problems that can be anticipated by persons with serious emotional difficulties. We welcome other contributions from patients, ex-patients, or family members. Our major editorial requirement is that such contributions be clearly written and organized, and that a novel or unique aspect of schizophrenia be described, with special emphasis on points that will be important for professionals. Clinicians who see articulate patients, with experiences they believe should
Genotype-phenotype relation and correlation in familial mediterranean fever.

Familial Mediterranean fever (also known as recurrent polyserositis and periodic fever) is an autosomal recessive disease that affects populations surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. It is characterized by recurrent attacks of fever and peritonitis, pleuritis, arthritis or erysipelas-like erythema [1,2]. One of the most significant complications of FMF is amyloidosis, usually affecting the kidneys and resulting in renal insufficiency. The presentation of the disease and its severity vary [3]: one patient may have several attacks a month, while another may experience few attacks ± if any ± a year. Furthermore, there may be differences in clinical manifestations between FMF patients and even within the same patient at various periods during his or her lifetime.
Changes in cesarean delivery rates by gestational age: United States, 1996-2011.

KEY FINDINGS Data from the natality data file, national vital statistics system. After 12 years of consecutive increases, the preliminary cesarean delivery rate among singleton births was unchanged from 2009 to 2011 (31.3%). Cesarean delivery rates decreased more than 5% among births at 38 weeks of gestation, but increased 4% among births at 39 weeks. Decreases in cesarean delivery rates for births at 38 weeks occurred for non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic women, as well as for all maternal age groups. Increases in cesarean delivery rates for births at 39 weeks occurred among non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic women, as well as for all maternal age groups. The cesarean delivery rate at 38 weeks decreased in 30 states; the cesarean delivery rate at 39 weeks increased in 23 states.
Online-estimation of Image Jacobian based on adaptive Kalman filter

Focus on the uncalibrated visual servo, we established a filtering system based on Kalman Filter, and validated it by Matlab. Then we discussed the stability precondition of the control system with Kalman Filter in detail, and made a conclusion that if and only if the origin system is completely controllable and observable, the filtering system can converged to the expected position. Refer to the problem that we can't get the statistical information of the real system, we designed an adaptive Kalman filter and applied it in a real-time track task, and with the track error is within 5 pixel.
Downbeat nystagmus from heat stroke

Downbeat nystagmus is an ocular motility disturbance that may be seen in various pathological conditions.1 Although classically associated with structural lesions of the cervicomedullary junction or cerebellum, it can also occur in the setting of toxic insults and metabolic abnormalities.1 Heat stroke is the most severe form of heat related illness, and is associated with multisystem organ failure. Heat stroke is infrequently associated with a cerebellar syndrome. We describe a case in which downbeat nystagmus was associated with a midline cerebellar syndrome in a patient with heat stroke, suggesting that the vermal cerebellum and vestibulocerebellum may be particularly susceptible to thermal injury. A previously healthy 22 year old man without relevant medical history collapsed while on a 4 mile run during military basic training. Initial core body temperature was 39oC. He was incoherent and combative. Laboratory data showed increased creatine kinase, increased liver function tests, and prolonged coagulation variables. Measures to lower body temperature were initiated and he was transferred to our institution. On arrival, core body temperature was 37oC. He was somnolent but able to follow commands. His sodium concentration was 135, potassium 3.2, calcium 7.5, magnesium 1.6, alanine transaminase (ALT) 2739, aspartate transaminase (AST) 2112, white blood count 4.2, haemoglobin 12.5, platelet count 43 000, international normalised ratio (INR) …
EFFECTS OF A TOPICALLY APPLIED COUNTERIRRITANT (EUCALYPTAMINT) ON CUTANEOUS BLOOD FLOW AND ON SKIN AND MUSCLE TEMPERATURES: A Placebo-Controlled Study

This study was designed to investigate the effects of a new product of counterirritant, Eucalyptamint, on the cutaneous circulation and on skin and muscle temperatures. Ten normal subjects (six males and four females, with an average age of 34±6 yr) were involved in this study. Eucalyptamint was applied to the anterior forearm skin of one side, and placebo was applied to the contralateral forearm. The subjective feelings, cutaneous blood flow, and skin temperature were measured before and periodically (5-min intervals) after the application of the compound. Muscle temperature was measured before and 30 min after the application of the Eucalyptamint. There was no significant effect on the subjective sensation. However, there were statistically significant (P < 0.05) increases in cutaneous blood flow (up to 4 times base-line) and skin temperatures (up to 0.8° C higher than base-line) after the application of Eucalyptamint with the effects lasting up to 45 min after the application. The muscle temperature was also increased (0.4°C) significantly (P < 0.05) 30 min after application of the Eucalyptamint. There were no significant changes in the placebo application. The results of this study suggested that the new product of counterirritant, Eucalyptamint, produced significant physiologic responses that may be beneficial for pain relief and/or useful to athletes as a passive form of warm-up.
Binding and unbinding in audiovisual speech fusion: removing the Mcgurk effect by an incoherent preceding audiovisual context

The McGurk effect demonstrates the existence of a fusion process in audiovisual speech perception (McGurk & MacDonald, 1976) . Recent experiments question the automaticity of th is process (Alsius et al., 2005; Tiippana et al., 2004) . We consider here the assumption that fusion is controlled by a conditional binding process, which can block fusion in the case of strong audiovisual inconsistencies . To test this hypothesis, we designed two experiment s in which a consistent or inconsistent audiovisual context is placed before McGurk stimuli, and we show that inconsistent context s can remove the McGurk effect . Keywords : McGurk effec t, binding, multisensory fusion, AV speech perception and scene analysis.
A 8 Gbps 0.67mW 1 tap current integrating DFE in 40nm CMOS

This paper describes the implementation issues in designing a 1 tap current integrating half rate decision feedback equalizer. We introduce a new technique for designing an 8Gbps 1 tap half rate current integrating DFE in 40nm CMOS technology that draws 0.67mW from a 1.1V supply. The technique uses a delayed clock rather than speculation. This removes the speculation impact on power consumption and timing constraints especially in multi tap DFE.
Transient behaviour in some queueing system related to an emergency service

The paper examines the transient behaviour of some queueing systems by the use of simulation techniques. After summarizing experimental results obtained for M/M/1/∞ system, a new simple rule to compute the length of the transient period is given. The paper differs from the existing literature because it investigates the length of the transient behaviour of the M/M/k/0 queueing system for emergency medical services: it is confirmed that, in this case also, a decaying exponential function can well approximate the behaviour of L(t), the expected number of ambulances which are busy at time t.
CONSTRUCTION OF ANTHROPOMETRIC GROWTH REFERENCE STANDARDS

CONTENTS U S E O F GROWTH S T A N D A R D S . 20 HISTORY . 20 D E F I N I T I O N S . 21 REFERENCE OR S T A N D A R D . 21 LOCAL OR I N T E R N A T I O N A L . 22 SCALES O F MEASUREMENT . 22 Centile . 23 Percentage of median . 23 SD score . 23 D I S T A N C E A N D VELOCITY S T A N D A R D S . 26 Weight for height . 28 M A R G I N A L A N D C O N D I T I O N A L S T A N D A R D S . 28 Marginal or unconditional . 28 Conditional . 29 P U R P O S E OF S T A N D A R D S . 31 Education . 31 Screening . 31 Clinical . 32 Group summary . 32 EFFECT OF A N I N A P P R O P R I A T E S T A N D A R D . 32 F U T U R E DEVELOPMENTS U S I N G S D SCORES . 34 Displav of SD scores . 34 Indices based on SD scores . 34 GROWTH S T A N D A R D C O N S T R U C T I O N . 36 P R I N C I P L E S . 36 G R O W T H C U R V E S . 36 Smoothing . 36 Infancy models . 37 All childhood models . 38 CENTILE S P E C I F I C A T I O N . 39 Normal distribution . 40
fixK, a gene homologous with fnr and crp from Escherichia coli, regulates nitrogen fixation genes both positively and negatively in Rhizobium meliloti.

Nitrogen fixation genes are shown to undergo a complex positive and negative regulation in Rhizobium meliloti. Activation of fixN by fixLJ is shown to require a third regulatory gene, fixK. As fixK is activated by fixLJ, we propose a cascade model for fixN regulation such that fixLJ activates fixN via fixK. In addition fixK negatively regulates expression of the nif‐specific activator nifA as well as its own expression by autoregulation. Thus nifA and fixK are subject to a mixed regulation, positive (by fixLJ) and negative (by fixK). The sequence of fixK shows homology with the Escherichia coli regulators fnr and crp, which makes fixK the third characterized member of this family of prokaryotic regulators.
Chronic Exposure of Female Mice to an Environmental Level of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate Suppresses Estrogen Synthesis Through Reduced Histone H3K14 Acetylation of the StAR Promoter Leading to Deficits in Follicular Development and Ovulation.

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) at a high dose of 10 mg/kg has been reported to affect the neuroendocrine system and exert toxic effects in rodents. The present study examined the influence of chronic exposure to a low-dose of PFOS (0.1 mg/kg/day) on female reproductive endocrine and function. Herein, we show that adult female mice exposed to PFOS by gavage for 4 months (PFOS-mice) exhibited a prolongation of diestrus without signs of toxic effects. The numbers of mature follicles and corpora luteum were significantly reduced in PFOS-mice with increase of atresic follicles. The levels of serum estrogen (E2) and progesterone at proestrus and diestrus were reduced in PFOS-mice. In comparison with controls, PFOS-mice showed a significant decrease in the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone, the number of kisspeptin neurons and the level of kiss1 mRNA in anteroventral periventricular nucleus at proestrus but not at diestrus, which could be corrected with the normalization to E2. PFOS-mice did not generate an LH-surge at proestrus, which could be rescued by the application of E2 or kisspeptin-10. Notably, the level of ovarian steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) mRNA was decreased in PFOS-mice with the reduction of histone H3K14 acetylation in StAR promoter relative to control mice, whereas the P450scc expression and histone H3K14 acetylation showed no difference between the groups. The present study provides evidence that the chronic exposure to the low-dose of PFOS through selectively reducing histone acetylation of StAR suppresses the biosynthesis of E2 to impair the follicular development and ovulation.
EBV interferes with the sensitivity of Burkitt lymphoma Akata cells to etoposide

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) commonly exhibits Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) positivity associated with latent chronic infection. Models of acute EBV infection have been associated with cellular resistance to apoptosis. However, the effect of latent long‐term EBV infection on apoptosis induced by drugs is not well defined. To determine this, we have studied the response of the Akata EBV+ cell line (type I latency) to etoposide, before and after downregulating EBV gene expression. We observed that downregulating EBV nuclear antigen‐1 (EBNA‐1) expression with siRNAs reverted cellular sensitivity to etoposide. In accordance with this finding, Akata EBV+ cells showed increased sensitivity to etoposide, when compared to the Akata EBV− cells. We also observed that Akata EBV+ cells presented increased apoptosis levels and decreased Bcl‐xL mRNA and protein levels, when compared to the Akata EBV− cells. In addition, Akata EBV+ cells contained less endoplasmic reticulum (ER) than EBV− cells. Finally, downregulation of EBV with EBNA‐1 siRNAs caused an increase in the expression of Bcl‐xL indicating that EBV is responsible for the differences found between the Akata EBV+ and EBV− cell lines. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 200–210, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Team climate, empowering leadership, and knowledge sharing

– The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of team climate and empowering leadership on team members' knowledge‐sharing behavior. , – A research model was developed based on prior knowledge management studies. Survey data were collected from 434 college students at a major US university, who took courses that required team projects. The partial least squares technique was applied to test the research model. , – Team climate and empowering leadership significantly influence individuals' knowledge‐sharing behavior by affecting their attitude toward knowledge sharing. These two constructs also have significant direct effects on the knowledge‐sharing behavior. , – The student sample and US setting might limit the generalizability of the findings. Nonetheless, this study is based on and extends prior research, which provides a deepened understanding of knowledge sharing in the team context. , – This research has practical implications for how to design teams to facilitate knowledge sharing. It suggests that cohesive, innovative teams with members trusting one another and led by empowering leaders will have a higher level of knowledge sharing. , – This research originally examines the effects of both team climate and empowering leadership on knowledge sharing. Little prior research has carried out such an integrated analysis. This paper will have significant value for organizations trying to redesign teams to enhance knowledge management.
Studies of Atmospheric Aerosols over Bozeman , Montana , Using a Two-Color Lidar , a Water Vapor DIAL , a Solar Radiometer , and a Ground-Based Nephelometer over a 24h Period

Coordinated observational data of atmospheric aerosols were collected over a 24-h period between 2300 mountain daylight time (MDT) on 27 August 2009 and 2300 MDT on 28 August 2009 at Bozeman, Montana (45.668N, 111.048W, elevation 1530 m) using a collocated two-color lidar, a diode-laser-based water vapor differential absorption lidar (DIAL), a solar radiometer, and a ground-based nephelometer. The optical properties and spatial distribution of the atmospheric aerosols were inferred from the observational data collected using the collocated instruments as part of a closure experiment under dry conditions with a relative humidity below 60%. The aerosol lidar ratio and aerosol optical depth retrieved at 532 and 1064 nm using the two-color lidar and solar radiometer agreed with one another to within their individual uncertainties while the scattering component of the aerosol extinction measured using the nephelometer matched the scattering component of the aerosol extinction retrieved using the 532-nm channel of the two-color lidar and the singlescatter albedo retrieved using the solar radiometer. Using existing aerosol models developed with Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) data, a thin aerosol layer observed over Bozeman was most likely identified as smoke from forest fires burning in California; Washington; British Columbia, Canada; and northwestern Montana. The intrusion of the thin aerosol layer caused a change in the atmospheric radiative forcing by a factor of 1.8 6 0.5 due to the aerosol direct effect.
Effect of intracranial administration of ethosuximide in rats with spontaneous or pentylenetetrazol‐induced spike‐wave discharges

Purpose: Generalized absence seizures are characterized by bilateral spike‐wave discharges (SWDs), particularly in the frontoparietal cortical region. In WAG/Rij and GAERS rats with absence epilepsy, recent evidence indicates that SWDs arise first from the lateral somatosensory cortex (LSC), that is, the cortical focus theory. To further understand the cortical role in SWD generation, two epileptic rat models were assessed.