Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Central 5‐HT1A receptor‐mediated modulation of heart rate dynamics and its adjustment by conditioned and unconditioned fear in mice

The beat‐by‐beat fluctuation (dynamics) of heart rate (HR) depends on centrally mediated control of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) reflecting the physiological state of an organism. 5‐HT1A receptors are implicated in affective disorders,associated with ANS dysregulation which increases cardiac risk but their role in autonomic HR regulation under physiological conditions is insufficiently characterized.
High Epstein‐Barr virus serum load and elevated titers of anti‐ZEBRA antibodies in patients with EBV‐harboring tumor cells of Hodgkin's disease

Hodgkin's disease is commonly associated with EBV latent infection. The incidence of EBV reactivation (active infection or EBV infection with replicative cycle) was evaluated in a series of 30 patients with untreated Hodgkin's disease (except for one case with chronic lymphocytic leukemia) by quantitation of EBV DNA and titration of anti‐ZEBRA antibodies in serum samples. DNA was detected in serum (>2.5 × 102 genomes/ml) in 15 of 30 patients and was more frequent in Hodgkin's disease with EBV‐positive Reed‐Sternberg cells (10/12) than in EBV‐negative cases (5/18), (P < 0.01). Of interest was the demonstration that viremia correlated well with increased titers of anti‐ZEBRA IgG and/or standard serological profiles of EBV reactivation (12/15), (P < 0.05). However the lack of EBV replicative cycle in Reed‐Sternberg cells (negative for ZEBRA antigen and early antigen BHLF1) suggests that the viral replication occurs in a nonneoplastic cell compartment rather than in tumor cells. The measurement of EBV DNA loads and the titration of anti‐ZEBRA antibodies shed new lights on the link between activation of EBV replication and Hodgkin's disease: these serological markers together with the determination of the EBV status of the tumor suggest that replication of the viral genome occurs with a decreased efficiency of the immune system, thus allowing progression of the tumor. J. Med. Virol. 57:383–389, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Continuous uniformly finite time exact disturbance observer based control for fixed-time stabilization of nonlinear systems with mismatched disturbances

This paper presents a continuous composite control scheme to achieve fixed-time stabilization for nonlinear systems with mismatched disturbances. The composite controller is constructed in two steps: First, uniformly finite time exact disturbance observers are proposed to estimate and compensate the disturbances. Then, based on adding a power integrator technique and fixed-time stability theory, continuous fixed-time stable state feedback controller and Lyapunov functions are constructed to achieve global fixed-time system stabilization. The proposed control method extends the existing fixed-time stable control results to high order nonlinear systems with mismatched disturbances and achieves global fixed-time system stabilization. Besides, the proposed control scheme improves the disturbance rejection performance and achieves performance recovery of nominal system. Simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness, the superiority and the applicability of the proposed control scheme.
Nodal pricing for distribution networks: efficient pricing for efficiency enhancing DG

As distributed generation (DG) becomes more widely deployed, distribution networks become more active and take on many of the same characteristics as transmission. We propose the use of nodal pricing that is often used in the pricing of short-term operations in transmission. As an economically efficient mechanism, nodal pricing would properly reward DG for reducing line losses through increased revenues at nodal prices and signal prospective DG where it ought to connect with the distribution network. Applying nodal pricing to a model distribution network, we show significant price differences between buses reflecting high marginal losses. Moreover, we show the contribution of a DG resource located at the end of the network to significant reductions in losses and line loading. We also show the DG resource has significantly greater revenue under nodal pricing, reflecting its contribution to reduced line losses and loading.
Young Lives and Vocational Education: Researching young lives and the culture of the Danish Vocational Education and Training System

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Editorial: Innate Immune Cell Determinants of T Cell Immunity: From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Implications

The Editorial on the Research Topic Innate Immune Cell Determinants of T Cell Immunity: From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Implications Long-lasting T cell immunity is delivered by individual T lymphocytes expressing clonally distributed antigen-specific receptors. Following priming in lymph nodes, naive CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes proliferate and generate clones of effector cells that deliver unique effector functions in peripheral tissues. Moreover, long-lasting memory T cells generated during priming are rapidly engaged upon reexposure to the same antigen, even years after their primary induction. Notably, this very efficient protection system cannot unfold without accessory cells. Our frontiers research topic features different innate immune cell subsets and the crucial roles they play in the initiation and maintenance of T cell immunity. By comprehensively describing positive and negative outcomes of these events, the contributions provide a meaningful link between basic findings and clinical applications.
Providing Effective Speech-Language Pathology Group Treatment in the Comprehensive Inpatient Rehabilitation Setting

Abstract Group treatment is an integral part of speech-language pathology (SLP) practice. The majority of SLP literature concerns group treatment provided in outpatient settings. This article describes the goals, procedures, and benefits of providing quality SLP group therapy in the comprehensive inpatient rehabilitation (CIR) setting. Effective CIR groups must be designed with attention to type and severity of communication impairment, as well physical stamina of group members. Group leaders need to target individualized patient goals while creating a challenging, complex, and dynamic group context that supports participation by all group members. Direct patient-to-patient interaction is fostered as much as possible. Peer feedback supports goal acquisition by fellow group members. The rich, complex group context fosters improved insight, initiation, social connectedness, and generalization of communication skills. Group treatment provides a unique type of treatment not easily replicated with individual treatment. SLP group treatment in a CIR is an essential component of an intensive, high-quality program. Continued advocacy for group therapy provision and research into its efficacy and effectiveness are warranted.
CME STUDY GUIDE AANEM Monograph # 26 Electrodiagnostic Evaluation of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common nerve entrapment. Electrodiagnostic (EDX) studies are a valid and reliable means of confirming the diagnosis. This monograph addresses the various EDX techniques used to evaluate the median nerve at the wrist. It also demonstrates the limitations of EDX studies with a focus on the sensitivity and specificity of EDX testing for CTS. The need to use reference values for populations such as diabetics and active workers, where normative values differ from conventional cutoffs used to confirm suspected CTS, is presented. The value of needle electromyography (EMG) is examined. Muscle Nerve 44: 597–607, 2011 Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a clinical syndrome of numbness, tingling, burning, and/or pain associated with localized compression of the median nerve at the wrist. It is the most commonly reported nerve compression syndrome, accounting for 0.2% of all U.S. ambulatory care visits in 2006 and over 500,000 carpal tunnel releases in 2006. The impairment of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel is secondary to compression of the median nerve, resulting in mechanical compression and/or local ischemia. However, the symptoms associated with CTS are frequently reported in areas outside the distribution of the median nerve. Clinical CTS can be confirmed using electrodiagnostic (EDX) techniques that document abnormalities of the median nerve fibers within the carpal tunnel. Numerous studies have reported that comparison of sensory nerve responses is more effective than the use of an absolute median nerve latency in documenting the median nerve abnormalities consistent with CTS. Sensory fibers have a larger proportion of large myelinated fibers, which have a higher energy requirement, and thus are more susceptible to ischemic damage. Focal compression results in both ischemia and mechanical damage to the nerve fibers due to dysfunction of the myelin and disruption at the nodes of Ranvier. Together this results in slowed conduction velocity, which allows the EDX physician to confirm a focal abnormality of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel. The comparison of median sensory latency to the radial, ulnar, or median (segments outside the carpal tunnel) sensory latencies allows the greatest accuracy for confirming the clinical diagnosis. Use of a comparison latency, as opposed to an absolute latency, controls for confounding factors of age, temperature, disease state (i.e., diabetes), gender, and hand size. GENERAL APPROACH TO NERVE CONDUCTION
Effect of body mass index on maternal morbidity following peripartum hysterectomy

The objective of this study was to estimate the impact of maternal body mass index (BMI) on maternal morbidity following unscheduled peripartum hysterectomy. A retrospective cohort study of consecutive peripartum hysterectomies at our institution from 1988 through 2012; scheduled hysterectomies were excluded. Medical records were reviewed and maternal, foetal and surgical data collected for each subject. Maternal BMI was categorized by the National Institute of Health classifications for overweight and obese. Statistical analyses included evaluation for trend. A total of 360 774 women delivered at Parkland Hospital during the study period with 665 (1.8 per 1000 deliveries) unscheduled peripartum hysterectomies performed. BMI was available for 635 women. Gestational diabetes, chronic hypertension and pregnancy‐related hypertension were significantly higher in all three obesity categories, P = < 0.01. Post‐partum complications, such as venous thrombosis and composite surgical morbidity did not differ among BMI groups. Estimated blood loss and units transfused did not differ across the BMI categories, P = 0.42 and P = 0.38, respectively. Increasing BMI was associated with longer surgical times and more wound infections, P = 0.01. These complications should be considered when approaching a peripartum hysterectomy in patients with obesity.
Effect of Taichi Softball on Function-Related Outcomes in Older Adults: A Randomized Control Trial

The purpose of this present study was to examine the effect of Taichi softball (TCSB) on physical function in Chinese older adults. Eighty Chinese older adults were randomly assigned into either an experimental group experiencing four 90-minute TCSB sessions weekly for seven consecutive weeks or a control group. At baseline and 7 weeks later, all participants were asked to perform physical functional tests for both lower and upper limbs. Multiple separate Analyses of Variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures were applied to evaluate the effects of TCSB on function-related outcomes between baseline and postintervention in the two groups. The findings indicate that a short-term and intensive TCSB training program does not only improve low limb-related physical function such as dynamic balance and leg strength, but also strengthen upper limb-related physical function (e.g., arm and forearm strength, shoulder mobility, fine motor control, handgrip strength, and fine motor function). Health professionals could take into account TCSB exercise as an alternative method to help maintain or alleviate the inevitable age-related physical function degeneration in healthy older adults. In addition, researchers could investigate the effect of TCSB exercise on physical function in special populations such as patients with different chronic diseases or neurological disorder (e.g., Parkinson's disease).
Global and Robust Stability Analysis of Genetic Regulatory Networks With Time-Varying Delays and Parameter Uncertainties

The study of stability is essential for designing or controlling genetic regulatory networks. This paper addresses global and robust stability of genetic regulatory networks with time delays and parameter uncertainties. Most existing results on this issue are based on the linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) approach, which results in checking the existence of a feasible solution to high dimensional LMIs. Based on M-matrix theory, we will present several novel global stability conditions for genetic regulatory networks with time-varying and time-invariant delays. All of these stability conditions are given in terms of M-matrices, for which there are many and very easy ways to be verified. Then, we extend these results to genetic regulatory networks with time delays and parameter uncertainties. To illustrate the effectiveness of our theoretical results, several genetic regulatory networks are analyzed. Compared with existing results in the literature, we also show that our results are less conservative than existing ones with these illustrative genetic regulatory networks.
A systematic review of the literature on home monitoring for patients with heart failure

We conducted a systematic review of the literature for assessing the value of home monitoring for heart failure (HF) patients. The abstracts of 383 articles were read. We excluded those in which either no home monitoring was done or only the technical aspects of the telemedicine application were described. Forty-two studies met the selection criteria. We classified the results into feasibility (technical and institutional) and impact (on the clinical process, on patient health, on accessibility and acceptability of the health system, and on the economy). Evaluating the articles showed that home monitoring in HF patients is viable, given that: (1) it appears to be technically effective for following the patient remotely; (2) it appears to be easy to use, and it is widely accepted by patients and health professionals; and (3) it appears to be economically viable. Furthermore, home monitoring of HF patients has been shown to have a positive impact on: (1) the clinical process, supported by a significant improvement of patient follow-up by adjustment of treatment, diet or behaviour, as well as hospital readmissions and emergency visits reduction; (2) the patient's health, supported by a relevant improvement in quality of life, a reduction of days in hospital, and a decrease in mortality; and (3) costs resulting from the use of health resources.
Two Cathelicidin Genes Are Present in both Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

ABSTRACT Further to the previous finding of the rainbow trout rtCATH_1 gene, this paper describes three more cathelicidin genes found in salmonids: two in Atlantic salmon, named asCATH_1 and asCATH_2, and one in rainbow trout, named rtCATH_2. All the three new salmonid cathelicidin genes share the common characteristics of mammalian cathelicidin genes, such as consisting of four exons and possessing a highly conserved preproregion and four invariant cysteines clustered in the C-terminal region of the cathelin-like domain. The asCATH_1 gene is homologous to the rainbow trout rtCATH_1 gene, in that it possesses three repeat motifs of TGGGGGTGGC in exon IV and two cysteine residues in the predicted mature peptide, while the asCATH_2 gene and rtCATH_2 gene are homologues of each other, with 96% nucleotide identity. Salmonid cathelicidins possess the same elastase-sensitive residue, threonine, as hagfish cathelicidins and the rabbit CAP18 molecule. The cleavage site of the four salmonid cathelicidins is within a conserved amino acid motif of QKIRTRR, which is at the beginning of the sequence encoded by exon IV. Two 36-residue peptides corresponding to the core part of rtCATH_1 and rtCATH_2 were chemically synthesized and shown to exhibit potent antimicrobial activity. rtCATH_2 was expressed constitutively in gill, head kidney, intestine, skin and spleen, while the expression of rtCATH_1 was inducible in gill, head kidney, and spleen after bacterial challenge. Four cathelicidin genes have now been characterized in salmonids and two were identified in hagfish, confirming that cathelicidin genes evolved early and are likely present in all vertebrates.
Predicting vocabulary growth in children with and without specific language impairment: a longitudinal study from 2;6 to 21 years of age.

PURPOSE Children with specific language impairment (SLI) often have vocabulary impairments. This study evaluates longitudinal growth in a latent trait of receptive vocabulary in affected and unaffected children ages 2;6 (years;months) to 21 years and evaluates as possible predictors maternal education, child gender, and nonverbal IQ. METHOD A sample of 519 participants (240 with SLI; 279 unaffected) received an average of 7 annual assessments for a total of 3,012 latent trait Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) observations. Unconditional and conditional multilevel growth models were estimated to evaluate growth trajectories and predictor relationships over time. RESULTS Children with SLI had lower levels of receptive vocabulary throughout the age range assessed. They did not close the gap with age peers. Children with higher nonverbal IQs had better PPVT performance, as did children of mothers with higher education. Child gender showed an advantage for young girls that leveled out with age and then became an advantage for boys from ages 10 to 21 years. All children's rate of vocabulary acquisition slowed around 12 years of age. CONCLUSIONS The outcomes of the study have implications for hypothesized causal pathways for individual differences; predictions differ for children under 5 years, 6-10 years, and later ages.
Branching projections from mesopontine nuclei to the nucleus reticularis and related thalamic nuclei: A double labelling study in the rat

Branching projections from pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei to different thalamic targets were studied by means of a double retrograde tracing technique. The results show a topographic distribution of mesopontine neurons projecting to different thalamic targets. In addition, the present data demonstrate that a small percentage (≤ 5%) of mesopontine neurons projecting to the intralaminar nuclei or to the rostral pole of the reticular nucleus innervate both these areas by means of branching axons. By contrast, a large number of mesopontine neurons projecting to the sensorimotor thalamic nuclei send axon collaterals to the caudal part of the reticular nucleus. The present findings support the hypothesis of an inhomogeneity of different sectors of the thalamic reticular nucleus. Thus, this nucleus can be differentiated into two functional areas, in accordance with their connections with functionally different cortical fields and thalamic districts. The possibility that these two areas of the thalamic reticular nucleus subserve different mechanisms during sleep phenomena is discussed. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic relatedness of clinical and environmental Acinetobacter baumanii isolates from an intensive care unit outbreak.

INTRODUCTION Determination of microbial genetic relatedness is important for improving efficiency of infection control measures during hospital outbreaks. This study aimed to analyze the clonal relationships of clinical and environmental Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated during an outbreak in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a secondary care hospital in Saudi Arabia. METHODOLOGY Twelve clinical and fourteen environmental A. baumannii isolates identified during an outbreak in February 2013 in the 14-bed adult intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, were studied. Bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were carried out using Microscan Walkaway 96 automated system. Determination of clonal diversity was investigated by repetitive-sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) with the semi-automated DiversiLab system. RESULTS The majority of the clinical isolates were from endotracheal tube aspirates (n = 9), one from a wound swab and two were from urine and sputum, respectively. Environmental isolates were from bed railings (n = 10) and with one each from curtain, stethoscope, computer mouse and telephone. Isolates were categorized into 6 clusters (Groups 1-6). Most of the isolates were associated with two clusters namely Groups 2 (n = 11) and 3 (n = 9). All isolates were multidrug resistant showing resistance to three or more classes of antibiotics. One clinical strain from Cluster 3 was resistant to colistin (MIC > 4ug/ml). CONCLUSION This outbreak was caused by two clonal groups of multidrug resistant A. baumannii. The presence of multiple environmental clones was suggestive of environmental source dissemination via healthcare workers within the ICU.
A new interpretation of the misadjustment in adaptive filtering

An LMS type adaptive filter in a stationary environment does not converge to the Wiener solution, but exhibits small asymptotic fluctuations around it. These contribute to the output as an interfering signal, whose strength is conventionally designated by the term "misadjustment", defined as the normalized excess mean-squared error due to the weight fluctuations. Importantly, this definition makes sense only for a white reference signal. For a coloured reference signal the contribution of the weight fluctuations to the output signal is often correlated with the reference signal which forbids direct superposition of the partial powers. In that case the excess mean-squared error no longer serves as a measure of the deviation between the error signal and the reference signal. In a small-signal approximation the power of the partial output signal due to the weight fluctuations is then shown to represent an appropriate measure of the misadjustment.