Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Real-time, universal screening for acute HIV infection in a routine HIV counseling and testing population.

CONTEXT Acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection cannot be diagnosed by routine antibody tests and is rarely diagnosed in clinical practice. However, HIV nucleic acid-based testing is widely used to screen for antibody-negative acute infection among low-risk blood donors. OBJECTIVE To assess the feasibility of screening in high-volume laboratories for acute and long-term HIV infection in a routine HIV testing population, in which HIV infection prevalence is low, using specimen pooling and HIV RNA reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests. DESIGN AND SETTING Clinical diagnostic performance evaluation at a state-funded public health virology and serology laboratory. PARTICIPANTS A total of 8505 consecutive individuals presenting for routine HIV counseling and testing during a total of 20 business days to simulate a month of testing in August and December 2001 at 110 publicly funded testing sites in North Carolina. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence of acute and long-term HIV infection. Serum specimens negative by HIV enzyme immunoassay (EIA) were screened in pools by an ultrasensitive HIV RNA RT-PCR test. Results for individual HIV RNA-positive specimens were reclassified as true or false according to results of confirmatory testing. RESULTS Of the 8505 individuals screened, 8194 had not previously tested HIV positive and had sufficient serum to complete the testing protocol. Of those, 39 had long-term HIV infection (prevalence, 47.6 per 10,000 at-risk persons [95% confidence interval, 33.8-65.0 per 10,000]). Of the 8155 at-risk individuals whose antibody tests were negative, 5 were HIV RNA positive. Four of those had true-positive acute infection (prevalence, 4.9 per 10,000 [95% confidence interval, 1.3-12.5 per 10,000]). All 4 were women; 2 developed symptoms consistent with an acute retroviral syndrome in the week after testing. Screening all specimens required 147 HIV RNA tests. Overall specificity of the strategy was 0.9999. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest the widespread diagnosis of acute HIV infections in a routine testing population is not only possible but feasible using specimen pooling and nucleic acid testing. These additional procedures may increase diagnostic yield by approximately 10% compared with conventional HIV antibody testing.
Estimating Firm-Specific Implied Risk Premium

This paper proposes a new approach to infer a firm-specific measure of the implied cost of capital. It incorporates endogenously estimated industry-year growth rate of the net present value of future investments. It requires only one-year-ahead forecasts of earnings, and dividend payout policy is irrelevant. The measure is intrinsically linked to commonly used accounting ratios including book-to-market, (forward) earnings yield, dividend-to-price as well as growth and past returns. It is significantly positively associated with future realized stock returns and also significantly correlates with commonly used risk characteristics in a theoretically predicted manner.
Phase II trial of nitrogen mustard, vincristine, and procarbazine in patients with recurrent glioma: North Central Cancer Treatment Group results.

PURPOSE Previous investigators have reported responses in 52% of patients treated with mechlorethamine (nitrogen mustard), vincristine, and procarbazine (MOP) for recurrent glioma. To confirm these promising results, we conducted a phase II prospective study. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty-three patients with histologic confirmation of recurrent glioma were treated with the MOP regimen. Patients with or without prior chemotherapy received nitrogen mustard 3 mg/m2 or 6 mg/m2, respectively, intravenously on days 1 and 8 plus vincristine 2 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1 and 8, and procarbazine 100 mg/m2 orally on days 1 to 14. Cycles were repeated every 28 days. RESULTS Of 61 patients assessable for response, eight responded (13%), with one complete response (CR). Responses were as follows: low-grade gliomas, 19%; anaplastic astrocytomas, 11%; anaplastic oligodendrogliomas or oligoastrocytomas, 25%; and glioblastomas, 4.3%. The most common toxicity was myelosuppression with leukocyte nadirs less than 1,000/microL in 23% and platelet nadirs less than 25,000/microL in 13% of patients. Two patients died of infection in the setting of neutropenia. Nonhematologic toxicity included neurosensory changes in 21% of patients (severe in 3%) and severe dermatologic reactions in 8%. In multivariate analysis, Eastern Cooperative Oncology group (ECOG) performance status (PS) was the best predictor for response to chemotherapy (P=.01) and time to progression (P=.008), while PS and grade were the most important predictors of survival (P=.002 and .05, respectively). CONCLUSION This study did not confirm the high response rate previously reported in recurrent gliomas. Patients with recurrent anaplastic oligodendrogliomas or oligoastrocytomas and recurrent low-grade gliomas had the highest response rates (25% and 19%, respectively). In multivariate analysis, ECOG PS was the best predictor of response, while PS and tumor grade were the most important predictors of survival.
Market Reactions to Differences of Opinion

In this paper we find evidence that dispersion of opinion leads to systematic security overvaluation. Stocks with lower dispersion in analyst earnings forecasts earn remarkably higher future returns than otherwise similar stocks with higher dispersion. Further, we present evidence that this relation is not accounted for by the standard multifactor risk-based model of Fama and French (1993). Our sample of data covers seven European countries - the four Nordic countries Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden as well as the three economically dominant European countries France, Germany, and the U.K. Our research tests the robustness of Diether, Malloy, and Scherbina (2002) hypothesis of analyst dispersion as a proxy for differences of opinion among investors with non-U.S. data. Our results are consistent with Miller's (1977) hypothesis that when opinions about a stock differ, the stock's price will reflect the optimistic traders' view indicating overpricing, and the return of the stock will be abnormally low.
When a tsunami strikes: A mobility model for coastline cities

Every year, hundreds of natural phenomena hit the world, unleashing major disasters and compromising the welfare of millions of people and public infrastructure. On a planet made up of over 70% water, tsunamis are a latent risk that threatens civilians all over the world. Hopefully, technological advances have provided the development of monitoring systems that enable predicting this kind of phenomena and evacuating high risk flooding zones. Nowadays, mobile communication in a post disaster scenario is critical to support all the post disaster tasks. However, developing useful algorithms and applications to support problems arising on these scenarios require large scale real-life testing, which are generally out of the reach of scientists and application developers. In this context, simulation provides an effective tool to assess the performance of software solutions in close-to-real disaster scenarios. In this work, we propose a new mobility model for tsunami scenarios that includes information published by the Chilean National Office for Emergency (ONEMI) about evacuation routes and security points. We have tested and compared our proposal using the One simulator.
Optic nerve head and peripapillary morphometrics in myopic glaucoma.

PURPOSE To investigate morphological characteristics of optic nerve head and peripapillary region with myopia and glaucoma. METHODS Ten normal and 17 glaucomatous myopic participants were imaged with a custom 1060-nm swept-source optical coherence tomography system. The three-dimensional images were processed and segmented for inner limiting membrane (ILM), posterior border of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), Bruch's membrane (BM), and posterior border of choroid. Seven shape parameters were measured: nerve fiber layer (NFL) thickness; Bruch's membrane opening (BMO) area, eccentricity, and planarity; BMO and BM depths; and choroidal thickness. The results were analyzed by group and regional sector, and multiple regression was performed on each shape parameter with age, axial length, and glaucoma severity, measured by mean deviation (MD). RESULTS Bruch's membrane opening area (P < 0.001), eccentricity (P = 0.025), and planarity (P = 0.019) were correlated with axial length but not with MD, such that larger, more elliptical, and less planar BMO was associated with longer axial length. Several BMOs displayed a saddle-like shape configuration whose orientation appeared to be aligned with that of the BMO ellipse. All BM showed posterior deformation toward BMO such that BM closer to BMO was more posterior than that farther from BMO. Bruch's membrane depth was correlated with axial length (P = 0.014) and MD (P = 0.040) in intersubject regression, and BMO depth (P = 0.003) and BM depth (P = 0.006) were correlated with MD in intereye regression. Bruch's membrane depth was also associated with age. Choroidal thickness was negatively correlated with age (P = 0.001) and with axial length to a smaller degree (P = 0.034), but not with glaucoma severity. CONCLUSIONS Axial length was a significant factor in BMO and BM shape in normal and glaucomatous myopic subjects. Posterior deformation of BM was observed in all eyes and significantly associated with functional glaucomatous damage and age.
Extraction and characterisation of pepsin-solubilised collagens from the skin of bigeye snapper (Priacanthus tayenus and Priacanthus macracanthus).

BACKGROUND Fish collagen has been paid increasing attention as an alternative to the mammalian counterpart owing to the abundance of fish skin as a processing by-product. Generally, the low yield of collagen extracted using the typical acid solubilisation process has led to the use of mammalian pepsin as an aid for increasing the yield. Alternatively, fish pepsin, especially from tuna stomach, can be used for the extraction of pepsin-solubilised collagen (PSC). Therefore the objective of this study was to extract and characterise PSC from the skin of bigeye snapper, a fish widely used for surimi production in Thailand. RESULTS PSCs from the skin of two species of bigeye snapper, Priacanthus tayenus and Priacanthus macracanthus, were extracted with the aid of tongol tuna (Thunnus tonggol) pepsin and porcine pepsin. PSCs from the skin of both species extracted using porcine pepsin had a higher content of beta-chain but a lower content of alpha-chains compared with those extracted using tuna pepsin. All PSCs contained glycine as the major amino acid and had an imino acid (proline and hydroxyproline) content of 189-193 residues per 1000 residues. Transition temperatures of PSCs were in the range 30.6-31.3 degrees C. Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed some differences in molecular order between PSCs extracted using porcine pepsin and tuna pepsin. Nevertheless, the triple-helical structure of PSCs was not affected by pepsin digestion. Zeta potential analysis indicated that PSCs from P. tayens and P. macracanthus possessed zero net charge at pH 7.15-7.46 and 5.97-6.44 respectively. CONCLUSION Tongol tuna pepsin could be used as a replacement for mammalian pepsin in PSC extraction. However, a slight difference in PSC properties was found.
Structure of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus

Infectious bursal disease virus of chickens was purified, and its structure was examined by the negative-staining technique in the electron microscope. The buoyant density of infectious bursal disease virus in CsCl was found to be 1.34 g/cm3. The morphological details suggest that the capsid of the virion consists of a single layer of 32 capsomeres arranged in 5:3:2 symmetry. The virion measured about 55 nm in diameter and had no envelope.
Comparison of Short (3-Day) Hospitalization followed by Home Care Treatment and Conventional (10-Day) Hospitalization for Acute Ischemic Stroke

This prospective randomized controlled study was designed to compare the treatment efficacy, safety and quality of life of ischemic stroke patients treated with conventional (10-day) hospitalization or short (3-day) hospitalization followed by home care treatment. One hundred and two patients with acute ischemic stroke who arrived within 48 h after symptom onset and met the inclusion criteria were studied. Patients were randomly assigned to either of two groups of treatment. Patients in the ‘hospitalization’ group were hospitalized for 10 days, whereas those in the ‘home care’ group were admitted only for the first 3 days and were followed at home under the home care program. The baseline characteristics were similar in the two groups. There was no difference in the number of deaths or dependency defined by the Modified Rankin scale more than or equal to 3 between the two groups at 6 months. The relative risk was 0.85 with a 95% confidence interval between 0.35 and 2.04. There was also no difference in the number of patients who had good outcome (NIHSS between 0 and 2 and Barthel index between 75 and 100) at 6 months. One patient in the home care group died due to massive intracerebral hemorrhage. Seventy-nine percent of patients in the home care group were satisfied with the home treatment program.
Time Of Flight measurements via two LiDAR systems with SiPM and APD

In this paper, we present an experimental comparison of two LiDAR systems, employing the SiPM and the APD as photodetectors, in terms of TOF measurements differing for the distance of the target and at different intensities of ambient light. The use of the APD represents the conventional approach, while the implementation of the SiPM is innovative. The performed measurements achieved very promising results, thus demonstrating the effectiveness of our LiDAR based on SiPM.
Quantitative comparison of the microscopic anatomy of the human ACL femoral and tibial entheses

The femoral enthesis of the human anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is known to be more susceptible to injury than the tibial enthesis. To determine whether anatomic differences might help explain this difference, we quantified the microscopic appearance of both entheses in 15 unembalmed knee specimens using light microscopy, toluidine blue stain and image analysis. The amount of calcified fibrocartilage and uncalcified fibrocartilage, and the ligament entheseal attachment angle were then compared between the femoral and tibial entheses via linear mixed‐effects models. The results showed marked differences in anatomy between the two entheses. The femoral enthesis exhibited a 3.9‐fold more acute ligament attachment angle than the tibial enthesis (p < 0.001), a 43% greater calcified fibrocartilage tissue area (p < 0.001), and a 226% greater uncalcified fibrocartilage depth (p < 0.001), with the latter differences being particularly pronounced in the central region. We conclude that the ACL femoral enthesis has more fibrocartilage and a more acute ligament attachment angle than the tibial enthesis, which provides insight into why it is more vulnerable to failure. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1811–1817, 2015.
Bakuchicin induces Vascular Relaxation via Endothelium‐dependent NO‐cGMP Signaling

Bakuchicin is a furanocoumarin derived from the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of bakuchicin on vascular tone in rat aortic tissue. Bakuchicin induced a dose‐dependent relaxation of phenylephrine‐precontracted rat aorta which was abolished by removal of the endothelium. Pretreatment of the endothelium‐intact aortic tissues with NG‐nitro‐ l‐arginine methylester (L‐NAME) or 1H‐[1,2,4]‐oxadiazole‐[4,3‐α]‐quinoxalin‐1‐one (ODQ) significantly inhibited the vascular relaxation induced by bakuchicin. Incubation with bakuchicin increased the production of cGMP in a concentration‐dependent manner, and this effect was blocked by pretreatment with both L‐NAME and ODQ. Vascular relaxation induced by bakuchicin was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with verapamil and diltiazem, but not by several other inhibitors including tetraethylammonium (TEA), glibenclamide, indomethacin, atropine or propranolol. These results suggested that bakuchicin‐induced vasodilatation is closely associated with the endothelium‐dependent nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP signaling pathway, with the possible involvement of L‐type Ca2+channels. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
THE LEECH EXOPLANET IMAGING SURVEY: ORBIT AND COMPONENT MASSES OF THE INTERMEDIATE-AGE, LATE-TYPE BINARY NO UMa

We present high-resolution Large Binocular Telescope LBTI/LMIRcam images of the spectroscopic and astrometric binary NO UMa obtained as part of the LBT Interferometer Exozodi Exoplanet Common Hunt exoplanet imaging survey. Our H-, Ks-, and L′-band observations resolve the system at angular separations <0. ″09. The components exhibit significant orbital motion over a span of ∼7 months. We combine our imaging data with archival images, published speckle interferometry measurements, and existing spectroscopic velocity data to solve the full orbital solution and estimate component masses. The masses of the K2.0 ± 0.5 primary and K6.5 ± 0.5 secondary are 0.83 ± 0.02 M⊙ and 0.64 ± 0.02 M⊙, respectively. We also derive a system distance of d = 25.87 ± 0.02 pc and revise the Galactic kinematics of NO UMa. Our revised Galactic kinematics confirm NO UMa as a nuclear member of the ∼500 Myr old Ursa Major moving group, and it is thus a mass and age benchmark. We compare the masses of the NO UMa binary components to those predicted by five sets of stellar evolution models at the age of the Ursa Major group. We find excellent agreement between our measured masses and model predictions with little systematic scatter between the models. NO UMa joins the short list of nearby, bright, late-type binaries having known ages and fully characterized orbits.
Location of Pterygopalatine Fossa and its Relationships to the Structures in Sellar Region

Purpose: The aim of this study is to locate pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) and the opening of its communicating canals by accessing the relationship between PFF and the endoscopic landmarks such as the tubercular recess (TR) and middle lowest point of sellar floor (SF) as well as analyze the relation between PPF and important structures such as internal carotid artery (ICA) and optic canal (OC). Materials and Methods: Computer topographic angiography (CTA) images of 118 PPF regions were reviewed. The measurement was on coronal, sagittal, and axial planes after multiplanar reconstruction (MPR). The location of PPF and its relationship to the sphenoid sinus, ICA, and OC were studied. The communicating canals of PPF, which were related to the transsphenoid approach, were three-dimensionally measured by the stationary structures, such as the middle lowest point of SF, the sagittal midline, and the top and bottom wall of sphenoid sinus. Result: The posterior part of PPF was located by the middle lowest point of SF. The anterior opening of sphenopalatine foramen (SPF), pterygoid canal (PC), palatovaginal canal (PVC), and foramina rotundum (FR) have relative stationary position, which can be located by the landmarks of sellar region during the endoscopic surgery. Conclusions: Pterygopalatine fossa is related to numerous neurovascular structures. Accurate understanding of the radiologic anatomy of PPF is beneficial for the PPF disease diagnosis, the selection of treatment plan and the prognosis evaluation.
A Taxonomy of Botnet Behavior, Detection, and Defense

A number of detection and defense mechanisms have emerged in the last decade to tackle the botnet phenomenon. It is important to organize this knowledge to better understand the botnet problem and its solution space. In this paper, we structure existing botnet literature into three comprehensive taxonomies of botnet behavioral features, detection and defenses. This elevated view highlights opportunities for network defense by revealing shortcomings in existing approaches. We introduce the notion of a dimension to denote different criteria which can be used to classify botnet detection techniques. We demonstrate that classification by dimensions is particularly useful for evaluating botnet detection mechanisms through various metrics of interest. We also show how botnet behavioral features from the first taxonomy affect the accuracy of the detection approaches in the second taxonomy. This information can be used to devise integrated detection strategies by combining complementary approaches. To provide real-world context, we liberally augment our discussions with relevant examples from security research and products.
A new method for building collapse detection jointly using interferometric and polarimetric information

Earthquake is one of the most catastrophic disasters to affect mankind especially in urban areas. Reliable and fast collapsed building detection is vitally important to timely rescue and scientific decision making. A modified detection method for collapsed buildings is proposed in this paper by jointly using interferometric information and polarimetric information. The method was tested on two single-polarimetric ALOS PALSAR images and one fully polarimetric Radarsat-2 image from Yushu earthquake in Qinghai province of China occurred in 2010. After compared with manual interpretation results of very high resolution (VHR) optical image, collapsed building detection accuracy can be 72.77%. The accuracy is improved by about 30% compared with that of only coherence based method.
PENILIAN HUBUNGAN INSENTIF KINERJA, USAHA, DAN KOMPLEKSITAS TUGAS TERHADAP KINERJA AUDIT JUDGMENT

Performance incentives are one of effort or strategy applied by public audit firm to increase auditor’s performance. The objectives of implementation performance incentives are increase effort of auditor under different level of task complexity to audit judgment performance. Variable on this study are performance incentives, effort, task complexity, and audit judgment performance. This study using a variable control are IPK and gender. The objectives of this study are firstly to examines the relationship between performance incentives and audit judgment performance. Secondly to examines the mediating effect of effort on the relationship between performance incentives and audit judgment performance under different level of task complexity. This study using an experimental research design, the pertisipant of this study from alumni graduated major in accounting who are studying in the post graduate program. There are two class participants are 41 student, data calculated are 37. Result of this study indicate performance incentives variable are positively related to audit judgment performance. Result of this study support the hypothesis that the mediation effect of effort on the relationship between incentives performance and audit judgment performance is moderated by task complexity.
Winning Strategies for the New Latin Markets

Global corporations are rapidly discovering an emerging market of nearly 600 million Latin consumers in the United States and Latin America. In Winning Strategies for the New Latin Markets, three experts analyze the Latin market's unique dynamics and offer end-to-end strategies for success. They illuminate dramatic transformations in demographics, economics, local competition, regulation, technology, and culture. Then, through executive interviews and case studies, they offer insights into key strategies for every aspect of doing business: regional market expansion, market segmentation, branding, distribution, financing, and corporate structure.