Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Retrospective study of clinical diseases and disorders of cattle in Sirajganj district in Bangladesh.

A retrospective-epidemiological study of cattle diseases/disorders was conducted at Baghabari Milking zone of Bangladesh starting from June 2008 to May 2012. Out of 22066 cases, 73.95% and 17.16% diseases/disorders were recorded in cows and calves respectively. About 58.42%, 23.56% 12.48% and 5.54% cases were general and systemic, infectious, production and reproductive and surgical diseases/disorders respectively. The most common general and systemic diseases/disorders were fever (17.91%), anorexia (17.55%) and weakness (14.71%). Among infectious diseases, 78.2%, 7.02% and 6.32% respectively were mastitis, FMD and black quarter. The predominant production and reproductive diseases were milk fever (33.48%), repeat breeder (17.10%), retained placenta (14.27%), metritis (13.11) and anestrous (11.44%). The most common surgical disorders were navel ill (46.9%), wound (20.19%), abscess (8.99%) and urolithiasis (8.67%). Statistically significant variation of diseases in different seasons was also noted. We recommend for undertaking research focusing on the causes of fever, anorexia and weakness as they were the most predominant general and systemic disorders of cattle. Control measure should be initiated to reduce the burden of mastitis, repeat breeder, retained placenta and anestrous which were most common production and reproductive diseases in the study area. A case control study may help to reveal the factors responsible for such a high level of occurrence of navel ill in calves. This study generated information which is valuable not only for the clinicians, researchers, animal health companies and policy planners but also for the academicians to update veterinary curricula.
An Improved Bayesian Information Criterion for Multiple Change-Point Models

In multiple change-point analysis, inferring the number of change points is often achieved by minimizing a selection criterion that trades off data fidelity with complexity. We address the open problem of defining a selection criterion adapted to the context of multiple change-point analysis. Our approach is inspired by the Schwarz seminal formulation of the Bayesian information criterion (BIC): similarly, we introduce priors—here describing the occurrence of change points—and we use the Laplace approximation to derive a closed-form expression of the criterion. Differently from this previous work, we take advantage of the a priori information introduced, instead of asymptotically eliminating the dependence on priors. Results obtained on simulated series show a substantial gain in performance versus recent alternative criteria used in multiple change-point analysis. Results also show that the a priori information introduced in our criterion on the regularity of interevent times is the main driver of this substantial performance gain. Methods are motivated by and demonstrated on a meteorological application involving the homogenization of a temperature series.
Similar renoprotection after renin‐angiotensin‐dependent and ‐independent antihypertensive therapy in 5/6‐nephrectomized Ren‐2 transgenic rats: are there blood pressure‐independent effects?

1. Hypertension plays a critical role in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to end‐stage renal disease (ESRD), but it has also been postulated that antihypertensive drugs that block the renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) show class‐specific renoprotective actions beyond their blood pressure (BP)‐lowering effects.
Cardiac ischaemic stress: Cardiomyocyte Ca2+, sex and sex steroids

1. Important sex differences exist in ischaemic heart disease. Oestrogen has been conventionally regarded as providing a cardioprotective benefit and testosterone frequently perceived to exert a deleterious effect. However, there is accumulating evidence that argues against this simple dichotomy, suggesting that the influence of oestrogen and testosterone conferring benefit or detriment may be context specific.
Nonclinical pharmacokinetics of BMS‐292655, a water‐soluble prodrug of the antifungal ravuconazole

The phosphate ester, BMS‐292655, was developed as a water‐soluble prodrug of the antifungal agent, ravuconazole (BMS‐207147). BMS‐292655 was comparatively stable in rat, beagle dog, cynomolgus monkey and human plasma, but was hydrolysed upon incubation with liver S9 preparations from all species. The major product in rat, monkey and human S9 was BMS‐207147, while in dog S9, the intermediate ester, BMS‐300043, predominated. BMS‐300043 itself was more stable in dog S9 than in S9 preparations from the other species. Intravenous administration of BMS‐292655 to rats, beagle dogs and cynomolgus monkeys indicated species differences in the extent of formation of BMS‐207147 (monkeys>rats>dogs). The lower overall generation of BMS‐207147 in dogs was consistent with the presence of circulating plasma levels of BMS‐300043. BMS‐300043 was present in monkey plasma but not detectable in rat plasma. The conversion of BMS‐292655 to BMS‐207147 in the presence of human S9 indicated the potential for BMS‐292655 to function as a BMS‐207147 prodrug in humans. The similarity in the hydrolysis of BMS‐292655 when incubated with human and monkey S9 in vitro, coupled with the effective release of BMS‐207147 from BMS‐292655 upon i.v. administration to monkeys, is consistent with this conclusion. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic polymorphism of copper transporter protein 1 is related to platinum resistance in Chinese non‐small cell lung carcinoma patients

Chemotherapeutic resistance to platinum‐based anticancer drugs is a major obstacle in the successful treatment of lung cancer. Cellular uptake and platinum accumulation are considered the most important factors contributing to platinum resistance. The copper transporter family is the major plasma membrane transporter for platinum uptake. Copper transporter protein 1 (CTR1) plays an essential role in cisplatin influx and is closely related to platinum resistance by influencing platinum uptake and accumulation. The aim of the present study was to determine whether CTR1 polymorphisms are associated with platinum resistance in non‐small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients. A total of 282 incident Chinese Han NSCLC patients were enrolled in the study and followed up at three different institutions. All patients underwent at least two cycles of platinum‐based chemotherapy. Twenty single‐nucleotide polymorphisms of CTR1 were detected from genomic DNA samples. Genetic polymorphisms of CTR1 at rs7851395 and rs12686377 were associated with platinum resistance in NSCLC patients. Patients with a GT haplotype presented with increased susceptibility to platinum resistance (P < 0.05), whereas an AG haplotype contributed to longer survival (P < 0.05). In conclusion, a significant relationship was found between rs7851395 and rs12686377 polymorphisms and platinum resistance, as well as clinical outcomes, in Chinese NSCLC patients. Thus, CTR1 plays an essential role in platinum resistance and could be considered a predictive marker for the pretreatment evaluation of NSCLC patients.
Time‐dependent effects of Klebsiella pneumoniae endotoxin on the pharmacokinetics of chlorzoxazone and its main metabolite, 6‐hydroxychlorzoxazone, in rats: restoration of the parameters in 96 hour in KPLPS rats to control levels

It has been reported that chlorzoxazone (CZX) was primarily metabolized via hepatic Cyp2e1 to form 6‐hydroxychlorzoxazone (OH‐CZX) in rats, and the activity of aniline hydroxylase (a Cyp2e1 marker) in the liver was significantly decreased in rats at 24 h after pretreatment with lipopolysaccharide derived from Klebsiella pneumoniae (24 h KPLPS rats), whereas the levels were not changed at 2 h and 96 h in the KPLPS rats. Thus, the time‐dependent pharmacokinetic parameters of CZX and OH‐CZX were evaluated after the intravenous administration of CZX (20 mg/kg) to control rats, and the 2 h, 24 h and 96 h KPLPS rats along with the time‐dependent changes in the protein expression of hepatic Cyp2e1. After the intravenous administration of CZX to 24 h KPLPS rats, the AUC0–2 h of OH‐CZX and AUCOH‐CZX, 0–2 h/AUCCZX were significantly smaller (by 40.5% and 71.2%, respectively) than those of controls due to the significant decrease (by 75.3%) in the protein expression of hepatic Cyp2e1. However, in 96 h KPLPS rats, the pharmacokinetic parameters of both CZX and OH‐CZX were unchanged compared with controls due to the restoration of the protein expression of hepatic Cyp2e1 to control levels. These observations highlighted the existence of the time‐dependent effects of KPLPS on the pharmacokinetics of CZX and OH‐CZX in rats. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endocarditis y espondilodiscitis por Streptococcus suis

sos de evolución favorable de la hipoacusia con el empleo de corticoides, actualmente no existen evidencias que recomienden su uso. Creemos que, pese a su baja frecuencia, en el diagnóstico diferencial de las meningitis purulentas en pacientes con exposición a cerdos (criadores, matarifes, empleados de industrias cárnicas, etc.), debe considerarse la posibilidad de la infección por S. suis.
The feasibility of non‐viral gene transfer to the diaphragm in vivo

Gene transfer using electroporation is an essential method for the study of developmental biology, especially to understand the internal control of degeneration and apoptosis of the muscle cells that occurs earlier and quicker than the usual degeneration process occurring by aging. Such experimental studies may have a role in developing new strategies for treating patients suffering from inherited primary myopathies such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The present study was designed to evaluate the feasibility of electroporation mediated transfer of reporter genes to the diaphragm in vivo. This is the first report of gene transfer of naked plasmid DNA into the diaphragm muscle in vivo using electroporation. Our results showed that in vivo gene transfer of naked plasmid DNA into the diaphragm muscle using electroporation is feasible.
Experimentelle Studien an Darminhaltstoffen bei standardisierter Ernährung nach F.X. Mayr*

The objective of this study wasto assessthe effectofa starvation diet according to F.X. Mayr using laboratory methods. 46 participants of this diet (in the Gesund-heitszentrum Lanserhof, Lans, Austria) were studied three times during two weeks and compared with 33 controls (persons under usual diet)
Phagocytic removal of cells that have become unwanted: Implications for animal development and tissue homeostasis

Cells that have become unwanted need to be promptly, selectively, and safely removed. This is made possible by apoptosis‐dependent phagocytosis, in which cells unnecessary, obstructive, or dangerous to organisms are induced to undergo apoptosis so that they are earmarked for phagocytosis. The phagocytic elimination occurs so quickly that cells with hallmarks of apoptosis are barely detectable in vivo. The removal of particular types of cells at appropriate stages of development not only contributes to the disposal of spent cells, the creation of space for morphogenesis, and the exclusion of pathogenic or noxious cells, but seems to actively control tissue renewal, tissue remodeling, tissue function, and pathogenic state. This event thus plays an indispensable role in the maintenance of animal development and tissue homeostasis.
Consumer interface with occupational therapy: Voices of people with disabilities

This project was initiated in response to the call by the WFOT to take a proactive role in listening to the voices of occupational therapy consumers and to formulate approaches to meet the needs expressed. This project assessed the professions role in responding to these voices and expressed needs of consumers, and has made recommendations to improve this interface. A WFOT-project team, together with representatives from a range of consumer groups who have experience with occupational therapy services, were sought from a range of countries. Information has been collected from two countries representing eastern and western cultural dimensions. It is acknowledged that broader in-depth representation would add strength to this paper
“Micromere” formation and expression of endomesoderm regulatory genes during embryogenesis of the primitive echinoid Prionocidaris baculosa

Blastomere composition and expression profiles of wnt8 and hox11/13b orthologues were examined in the primitive indirect‐developing echinoid Prionocidaris baculosa. We found that blastomere composition in the 16‐cell‐stage Prionocidaris embryos was different from that of the indirect‐developing echinoids belonging to Euechinoidea, a derived group of the echinoids. The sizes of the blastomeres in the 16‐cell‐stage embryo varied, and no embryos formed a “micromere quartet,” a group of four equal‐sized micromeres. The smallest blastomere was usually located around the vegetal pole. We also found significant differences in early expression profiles of wnt8 orthologues of the Prionocidaris and euechinoids. Unlike euechinoids, the expression of wnt8 orthologue of Prionocidaris was not detected at the 16‐cell stage; it began at the 32‐cell stage in the broad area containing the vegetal pole. However, in later stages, the expression profiles of hox11/13b and wnt8 orthologues of Prionocidaris were similar to that of euechinoid orthologues. The present study suggests that there are considerable differences between Prionocidaris and euechinoids in early developmental mechanisms in the vicinity of the vegetal pole.
Notch is the key factor in the process of fetal liver stem/progenitor cells differentiation into hepatocytes

Cell transplantation is efficient method to therapy end‐stage liver disease (ESLD). How to punctually induce stem cell differentiation into hepatocyte is still a challenge. Notch plays important roles in embryonic development and cell differentiation. However, during the differentiation process from fetal liver stem/progenitor cells (FLSPCs) to mature hepatocytes, the contribution of Notch, especially which Notch receptor is primarily responsible, is unknown. First, specific Notch receptor responsible for FLSPCs differentiation was identified. On both tissue level and cell level, we found that Notch3 was the only receptor greater expressed in liver tissue at embryonic day (ED) 14 and FLSPCs, compared with the adult liver and BRL cells, respectively. Second, morphological phenotypic and functional aspects were analyzed to evaluate whether Notch inhibition by GSIs (γ‐secretase inhibitors, inhibitor of Notch) promotes the differentiation of FLSPCs into hepatocytes. Results showed that N‐[N‐(3, 5‐Difluorophenacetyl)‐L‐alanyl]‐S‐phenylglycine t‐butyl ester (DAPT) as GSIs was able to induce FLSPCs differentiation into hepatocytes. The differentiated FLSPCs showed similar morphology to mature hepatocytes, expressed hepatic markers indicative of a mature developmental stage, and displayed similar functionality to mature hepatocytes. The differentiation efficiency by GSIs was similar to that by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) induction. More specifically, as the differentiation of FLSPCs progressed towards hepatocytes, the expression of Notch3 was gradually down‐regulated, consistent with the down‐regulation of other stem cell markers. These findings imply that Notch3 may not only be a regulator of FLSPCs differentiation into hepatocytes, but also be a potential marker of FLSPCs.
Subclinical Neurocognitive Dysfunction After Carotid Endarterectomy—The Impact of Shunting

Background Subclinical neurocognitive deficit after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has been reported in 25% of patients. The influence of the type of anesthesia and shunting on early postoperative neurocognitive function remains unclear. Therefore, we analyzed the cognitive function after CEA using a battery of psychometric tests before surgery and on the first postoperative day. Methods Twenty nine patients under regional and 28 under general anesthesia were included in the study. Regional anesthesia was administered inducing a superficial cervical block, and the general anesthesia was induced using a standardized manner. Then cognitive function was tested using a battery of psychometric tests before and 24 hours after surgery. S 100 β was determined at the same time points. Results A statistical difference was found between the results of the testing before and after CEA: decline in digit symbol test (9%), perceptual speed (6%), and spatial working memory (44%) and improvement in verbal fluency (6%) and attention (5%). The only intraoperative factor that correlated with the cognitive dysfunction was shunt insertion; patients with a shunt had a lower perceptual speed (P=0.005) and worse spatial working memory (P=0.004). No correlation was found between the type of anesthesia or S 100 β level and any psychometric test, but these results might be influenced by the small sample size in our study. Conclusions Shunt insertion was the only parameter correlated with cognitive decline on the first day after CEA. Regional anesthesia might offer indirect benefit because of a reduced need of shunting in wakeful patients. Larger studies are required to clarify the role of shunting and type of anesthesia in early neurocognitive deficit after CEA and its impact on the quality of life.
Theileria orientalis: a review

Abstract Theileria orientalis (also known historically as T. sergenti and T. buffeli) is responsible for benign or non-transforming theileriosis, and exerts its major effect through erythrocyte destruction. The life cycle of T. orientalis is essentially similar to that of other Theileria species, except that the schizonts do not induce transformation and fatal lymphoproliferation. The pathogenesis of anaemia as a result of infection is not clearly established and may be multifaceted. Clinical signs of weakness, reluctance to walk and abortion are early but non-specific indications of disease, particularly if accompanied by a history of cattle being moved. Physical examination may reveal pallor (pale eyes, vaginal mucosa), pyrexia, and elevated heart and respiratory rates. T. orientalis is an economically important parasite of cattle in New Zealand, Australia and Japan, especially where naïve animals are introduced into an endemic area or in animals under stress. Increased awareness of the risks posed by the parasite is required to enable management practices to be implemented to minimise its impact.
Perioperative Pregabalin for Postoperative Pain Control and Quality of Life After Major Spinal Surgery

Background: Adequate management of postoperative pain after major spine surgery is often difficult to achieve. We investigated the efficacy of an antineuropathic pain drug, pregabalin (PG), on postoperative pain control and on improvement of quality of life (QoL). Methods: Sixty patients scheduled for elective decompressive spine surgery were enrolled. One hour before surgery patients received 300 mg of either oral PG or placebo (PL) and 150 mg of PG or PL twice a day for 48 hours postoperatively. During the first 48 postoperative hours, a continuous infusion of morphine 0.01 mg/kg/h and ketorolac tromethamine 2.5 mg/h was administered. Intravenous morphine in 2-mg aliquots up to a maximum of 10 mg was used as rescue therapy. Pain was measured at rest and during movement using a visual analog scale (VAS score), and side effects were recorded in the first hour and at 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours. Three months and 1 year after discharge, patients were contacted by telephone by 1 of the authors to obtain follow-up information using the EuroQoL questionnaire. Results: During the first 8 postoperative hours, VAS scores at rest were significantly lower in the PG group than in the PL group (P<0.05), whereas VAS scores on movement were significantly lower up to 12 hours after the operation in the PG group (P<0.05). The morphine consumption in the PG group was 3±2 mg, whereas in the PL group it was 9.5±2.5 mg (P<0.05). Postoperative incidence of constipation and nausea/vomiting was higher in the PL group than in the PG group. No significant differences between the 2 groups were observed with regard to other adverse effects. QoL measures revealed an improvement in outcome, especially in movement and in pain dimensions in both groups; however, at 3 months, subjective qualification of overall QoL was better in the PG group than in the PL group. There were no differences in QoL after the 1-year follow-up period. Conclusions: Perioperative PG administration reduces early postsurgical pain at rest and particularly during movement after major spine surgery with less opioid consumption, and it seems to influence the improvement of overall QoL 3 months after surgery.
In situ provision of drinking water to grazing dairy cows improves milk production

AIMS: To determine the effect of providing water within the area grazed by dairy cows on milk yield and quality, compared to requiring cows to walk to a distant water trough, on a dairy farm in the Pampa region of Argentina during summer. METHODS: Holstein dairy cows were allocated to two herds with similar parity, days in milk and milk production. They were grazed in one paddock that was divided in two, with a fixed water trough at one end. Cows were moved twice daily to grazing plots within the paddock. Control cows (n=66) could only access water from the fixed trough, whereas supplemented cows (n=67) also received water from a mobile trough within the grazing plot. Milk production of each cow, and water consumption of the two herds were measured daily over 62 days. Milk composition for each herd was determined weekly from Days 18 to 60 of the study, and grazing behaviour was observed between 08:00 and 16:00 hours on Days 11–15, 19–22 and 39–43. RESULTS: Over the 62 days of the study, supplemented cows produced 1.39 (SE 0.11) L/cow/day more milk than Control cows (p=0.027). Estimated mean daily water intake was 50.4 (SE 2.1) L/cow/day for supplemented cows and 58.2 (SE 2.7) L/cow/day for Control cows (p=0.004). Percentage total solids in milk was higher for supplemented (12.5 (SE 0.06)%) than Control (12.4 (SE 0.04)%) cows (p=0.047). During the periods of behavioural observation, a higher percentage of cows in the water supplemented than the Control herd were observed in the grazing area (p=0.012). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This preliminary study demonstrated that provision of water to dairy cows within the grazing plot was beneficial for milk production and composition, and may be associated with longer periods spent within the grazing area, during hot weather in the Pampa region of Argentina.
Methylphenidate modifies the motion of the circadian clock Lamotrigine in mood disorders and cocaine dependence Cortical glutamate in postpartum depression Danger Signals and Inflammasomes : Stress-Evoked Sterile Inflammation in Mood Disorders

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