Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vehicle trajectory prediction in top-view image sequences based on deep learning method

Annually, a large number of injuries and deaths around the world are related to motor vehicle accidents. This value has recently been reduced to some extent, via the use of driver-assistance systems. Developing driver-assistance systems (i.e., automated driving systems) can play a crucial role in reducing this number. Estimating and predicting surrounding vehicles' movement is essential for an automated vehicle and advanced safety systems. Moreover, predicting the trajectory is influenced by numerous factors, such as drivers' behavior during accidents, history of the vehicle's movement and the surrounding vehicles, and their position on the traffic scene. The vehicle must move over a safe path in traffic and react to other drivers' unpredictable behaviors in the shortest time. Herein, to predict automated vehicles' path, a model with low computational complexity is proposed, which is trained by images taken from the road's aerial image. Our method is based on an encoder-decoder model that utilizes a social tensor to model the effect of the surrounding vehicles' movement on the target vehicle. The proposed model can predict the vehicle's future path in any freeway only by viewing the images related to the history of the target vehicle's movement and its neighbors. Deep learning was used as a tool for extracting the features of these images. Using the HighD database, an image dataset of the road's aerial image was created, and the model's performance was evaluated on this new database. We achieved the RMSE of 1.91 for the next 5 seconds and found that the proposed method had less error than the best path-prediction methods in previous studies.
Deep Hedging under Rough Volatility

We investigate the performance of the Deep Hedging framework under training paths beyond the (finite dimensional) Markovian setup. In particular, we analyse the hedging performance of the original architecture under rough volatility models in view of existing theoretical results for those. Furthermore, we suggest parsimonious but suitable network architectures capable of capturing the non-Markoviantity of time-series. We also analyse the hedging behaviour in these models in terms of Profit and Loss (P&L) distributions and draw comparisons to jump diffusion models if the rebalancing frequency is realistically small.
Inhibition of the mTORC1/NF-κB Axis Alters Amino Acid Metabolism in Human Hepatocytes

In addition to serving as the building blocks for protein synthesis, amino acids can be used as an energy source, through catabolism. The transamination, oxidative deamination, and decarboxylation processes that occur during amino acid catabolism are catalyzed by specific enzymes, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC); however, the overall molecular mechanisms through which amino acid catabolism occurs remain largely unknown. To examine the role of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) on amino acid catabolism, mTORC1 was inactivated by rapamycin or shRNA targeting Raptor, versus activated by overexpressing Rheb or amino acids in human hepatocytes. The expression of amino acid catabolic genes and related transcription factor was investigated by RT/real-time PCR and western blot analysis. A few types of amino acid metabolite were examined by ELISA and HPLC analysis. The data showed that inactivated mTORC1 resulted in inhibition of NF-κB and the expression of AST, GDH, GAD, and ODC, whereas activated mTORC1 enhanced NF-κB activation and the expression levels of the catabolism-associated genes. Further, inhibition of NF-κB reduced the expression levels of AST, GDH, GAD, and ODC. mTORC1 upregulated NF-κB activation and the expression of AST and ODC in response to glutamate and ornithine treatments, whereas rapamycin inhibited the utilization of glutamate and ornithine in hepatocytes. Taken together, these results indicated that the mTORC1/NF-κB axis modulates the rate of amino acid catabolism by regulating the expression of key catabolic enzymes in hepatocytes.
Neuro-Ophthalmological Manifestations of Craniosynostosis: Current Perspectives

Abstract Craniosynostosis, a premature fusion of cranial sutures that can be isolated or syndromic, is a congenital defect with a broad, multisystem clinical spectrum. The visual pathway is prone to derangements in patients with craniosynostosis, particularly in syndromic cases, and there is a risk for permanent vision loss when ocular disease complications are not identified and properly treated early in life. Extensive advancements have been made in our understanding of the etiologies underlying vision loss in craniosynostosis over the last 20 years. Children with craniosynostosis are susceptible to interruptions in visual input arising from strabismus, refractive errors, and corneal damage; any of these aberrations can result in understimulation of the visual cortex during childhood neurodevelopment and permanent amblyopia. Elevated intracranial pressure resulting from abnormal cranial shape or volume can lead to papilledema and, ultimately, optic atrophy and vision loss. A pediatric ophthalmologist is a crucial component of the multidisciplinary care team that should be involved in the care of craniosynostosis patients and consistent ophthalmologic follow-up can help minimize the risk to vision posed by such entities as papilledema and amblyopia. This article aims to review the current understanding of neuro-ophthalmological manifestations in craniosynostosis and explore diagnostic and management considerations for the ophthalmologist taking care of these patients.
ConsHMM Atlas: conservation state annotations for major genomes and human genetic variation

ConsHMM is a method recently introduced to annotate genomes into conservation states, which are defined based on the combinatorial and spatial patterns of which species align to and match a reference genome in a multi-species DNA sequence alignment. Previously, ConsHMM was only applied to a single genome for one multi-species sequence alignment. Here we apply ConsHMM to produce 22 additional genome annotations covering human and seven other organisms for a variety of multi-species alignments. Additionally, we have extended ConsHMM to generate allele specific annotations, which we used to produce conservation state annotations for every possible single nucleotide mutation in the human genome. Finally, we provide a web interface to interactively visualize parameters and annotation enrichments for ConsHMM models. These annotations and visualizations comprise the ConsHMM Atlas, which we expect will be a valuable resource for analyzing a variety of major genomes and genetic variation.
Use of various immunotherapies for refractory ulcerative colitis in a person living with HIV: a case report

ABSTRACT Cancer therapies include several immune checkpoint or anticytokine therapies whereas ulcerative colitis treatments consist of anticytokine therapies. The development of tolerance and immunogical effects of these agents in people living with HIV are not well assessed as these persons are often excluded from clinical trials. Herein, we report a case of a Caucasian woman who received multiple sequential immunotherapies for severe ulcerative colitis. Due to steroid-refractory disease, receipt of maximal doses of mesalamine and initial repeated decline of surgical intervention, she went on to receive biologic immune inhibitors like tumor necrosis fator-α blockers infliximab and adalimumab, the α4β7integrin blocker vedolizumab, anti-interleukin 12/23 blocker ustekinumab and Janus Kinase inihibitor tofacitinib without achieving remission. Only minor infectious complications were encountered and no significant changes in CD4 count nor CD4/CD8 ratio occurred. This case provides support for the safety and tolerability of the above immunotherapies in people living with HIV with suppressed viral load on antiretroviral therapy.
Magnetic resonance image–guided focused ultrasound robotic system for transrectal prostate cancer therapy

A magnetic resonance image (MRI) guided robotic device for focussed ultrasound therapy of prostate cancer (PC) was developed. The device offers movement in 5 degrees of freedom (DOF) and uses a single‐element transducer that operates at 3.2 MHz, has a diameter of 25 mm and focuses at 45 mm.
Structure of Blood Coagulation Factor VIII in Complex with an Anti-C1 Domain Pathogenic Antibody Inhibitor.

Antibody inhibitor development in hemophilia A represents the most significant complication resulting from factor VIII (fVIII) replacement therapy. Recent studies have demonstrated that epitopes present in the C1 domain contribute to a pathogenic inhibitor response. In this study, we report the structure of a Group A anti-C1 domain inhibitor, termed 2A9, in complex with a B domain-deleted, bioengineered fVIII construct (ET3i). The 2A9 epitope forms direct contacts to the C1 domain at three different surface loops consisting of Lys2065-Trp2070, Arg2150-Tyr2156 and Lys2110-Trp2112. Additional contacts are observed between 2A9 and the A3 domain, including the Phe1743-Tyr1748 loop and the N-linked glycosylation at Asn1810. Most of the C1 domain loops in the 2A9 epitope also represent a putative interface between fVIII and von Willebrand factor (vWF). Lastly, the C2 domain in the ET3i:2A9 complex adopts a large, novel conformational change, translocating outward from the structure of fVIII by 20 Å. This study reports the first structure of an anti-C1 domain antibody inhibitor and the first fVIII:inhibitor complex with a therapeutically active fVIII construct. Further structural understanding of fVIII immunogenicity may result in the development of more effective and safe fVIII replacement therapies.
Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy as single treatment for early stage non‐small cell lung cancer: A single institution analysis

Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) is the current standard‐of‐care in cases of inoperable early stage non‐small cell lung cancer (ES‐NSCLC). This study aimed to assess the survival outcomes and recurrence patterns after SABR for ES‐NSCLC in a hospital setting.
Low-cost synthesis of carbon nanodots from natural products used as a fluorescent probe for the detection of ferrum(III) ions in lake water

A simple, low cost, and green method was developed for the synthesis of water-soluble and well-dispersed fluorescent carbon nanodots (CDs) via a one-step hydrothermal treatment of potatoes. The as-prepared CDs exhibit a strong blue fluorescence, with a quantum yield of up to 15%. We further explored the use of these CDs as a novel sensing probe for the label-free, sensitive and selective detection of Fe3+. This is based on strong fluorescence quenching due to the complex formed between the CDs and Fe3+. The detection limit was as low as 0.025 μmol L−1, and different concentrations corresponded to different sensitivities. The linear ranges were 1.0–5.0 μmol L−1 and 5.0–50.0 μmol L−1 at lower and higher concentration ranges respectively, and the recoveries of the spiked water samples were 93.7–101.5%. Therefore, the as-prepared CDs could meet the requirements for the monitoring of Fe3+ in environmental samples.
Long‐term response to afatinib in an elderly patient with uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor mutation‐positive lung adenocarcinoma

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors are the standard treatment for patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring EGFR mutations. Uncommon mutations, excluding exon 19 deletions and exon 21 L858R, comprise 7%–23% of EGFR mutation‐positive NSCLC. The treatment of uncommon EGFR mutation‐positive NSCLCs is controversial. Here, we present the case of an 81‐year‐old man who was diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma cStage IVA harboring the uncommon EGFR L861Q mutation. The patient received oral afatinib treatment (40 mg/day). One month after the initiation of afatinib treatment, Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0 grade 2 stomatitis was observed. It improved upon afatinib withdrawal. After 10 days of withdrawal, afatinib treatment was resumed at a reduced dose of 20 mg/day. Subsequently, the patient continued treatment with afatinib. A partial response to afatinib treatment was maintained for 49 months until primary tumor regrowth. Afatinib treatment was continued after disease progression, but the patient died of bacterial pneumonia 59 months after initiation of afatinib treatment. Several studies have previously reported a large number of compound mutations with uncommon mutations, and that compound mutation‐induced cells are most susceptible to afatinib. This suggests the efficacy of afatinib in clinical practice and that afatinib may be safely administered to elderly patients with appropriate dose reductions.
INVITED REVIEW Polymer Kinetic Theories and Elongational Flowsdagger

Abstract Steady-state elongational viscosity and various time-dependent elongational properties are generally much more difficult to measure than their shear flow counterparts. In kinetic theory, on the other hand, elongational phenomena are easier to describe than shear phenomena. A summary is presented of the available theoretical results for dilute polymer solutions, in which the macromolecules are modeled as various kinds of bead-rod-spring models, designed to simulate the orientability, distortion, and stretchability of the molecules. Then a summary of theoretical results for undiluted polymers (“polymer melts”) is given. For melts one has available two classes of theories: (i) those in which the melt is envisaged as a temporary network formed by physical junctions with various lifetimes, and (ii) those in which the melt is pictured as a collection of interacting and reptating chains. Future data comparisons will be very important in assessing the merits of the various molecular theories that have be.
Does the maturation of early sleep patterns predict language ability at school entry? A Born in Bradford study

Abstract Children's vocabulary ability at school entry is highly variable and predictive of later language and literacy outcomes. Sleep is potentially useful in understanding and explaining that variability, with sleep patterns being predictive of global trajectories of language acquisition. Here, we looked to replicate and extend these findings. Data from 354 children (without English as an additional language) in the Born in Bradford study were analysed, describing the mean intercepts and linear trends in parent-reported day-time and night-time sleep duration over five time points between 6 and 36 months-of-age. The mean difference between night-time and day-time sleep was predictive of receptive vocabulary at age five, with more night-time sleep relative to day-time sleep predicting better language. An exploratory analysis suggested that socioeconomic status was predictive of vocabulary outcomes, with sleep patterns partially mediating this relationship. We suggest that the consolidation of sleep patterns acts as a driver of early language development.
Lack of evidence for impaired preload or Bezold-Jarisch activation during brief umbilical cord occlusions in fetal sheep.

Impaired cardiac preload secondary to umbilical cord occlusion (UCO) has been hypothesized to contribute to intrapartum decelerations, brief falls in fetal heart rate (FHR), through the activation of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex. This cardioprotective reflex increases parasympathetic and inhibits sympathetic outflows triggering hypotension, bradycardia and peripheral vasodilation but its potential to contribute to intrapartum decelerations has never been systematically examined. In this study we performed bilateral cervical vagotomy to remove the afferent arm and the efferent parasympathetic arm of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex. 22 chronically instrumented fetal sheep at 0.85 of gestation received vagotomy (n=7) or sham-vagotomy (control, n=15), followed by three 1-min complete UCOs separated by 4-min reperfusion periods. UCOs in control fetuses were associated with a rapid fall in FHR and reduced femoral blood flow mediated by intense femoral vasoconstriction, leading to hypertension. Vagotomy abolished the rapid fall in FHR (p<0.001), and despite reduced diastolic filling time, increased both carotid (p<0.001) and femoral (p<0.05) blood flow during UCOs, secondary to carotid vasodilation (p<0.01) and delayed femoral vasoconstriction (p<0.05). Finally, vagotomy was associated with an attenuated rise in cortical impedance during UCOs (p<0.05), consistent with improved cerebral substrate supply. In conclusion, increased carotid and femoral blood flows after vagotomy are consistent with increased left and right ventricular output, which is incompatible with the hypothesis that labor-like UCOs impair ventricular filling. Overall, the cardiovascular responses to vagotomy do not support the hypothesis that the Bezold-Jarisch reflex is activated by UCO. The Bezold-Jarisch reflex is therefore mechanistically unable to contribute to intrapartum decelerations.
Risk of QTc Interval Prolongation Associated With Circulating Anti‐Ro/SSA Antibodies Among US Veterans: An Observational Cohort Study

Background Anti‐Sjögren's syndrome‐related antigen A‐antibodies (anti‐Ro/SSA‐antibodies) are responsible for a novel form of acquired long‐QT syndrome, owing to autoimmune‐mediated inhibition of cardiac human ether‐a‐go‐go‐related gene‐potassium channels. However, current evidence derives only from basic mechanistic studies and relatively small sample‐size clinical investigations. Hence, the aim of our study is to estimate the risk of QTc prolongation associated with the presence of anti‐Ro/SSA‐antibodies in a large population of unselected subjects. Methods and Results This is a retrospective observational cohort study using the Veterans Affairs Informatics and Computing Infrastructure. Participants were veterans who were tested for anti‐Ro/SSA status and had an ECG. Descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for heart rate‐corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation. The study population consisted of 7339 subjects (61.4±12.2 years), 612 of whom were anti‐Ro/SSA‐positive (8.3%). Subjects who were anti‐Ro/SSA‐positive showed an increased prevalence of QTc prolongation, in the presence of other concomitant risk factors (crude odds ratios [OR], 1.67 [1.26–2.21] for QTc >470/480 ms; 2.32 [1.54–3.49] for QTc >490 ms; 2.77 [1.66–4.60] for QTc >500 ms), independent of a connective tissue disease history. Adjustments for age, sex, electrolytes, cardiovascular risk factors/diseases, and medications gradually attenuated QTc prolongation estimates, particularly when QT‐prolonging drugs were added to the model. Nevertheless, stepwise‐fully adjusted OR for the higher cutoffs remained significantly increased in anti‐Ro/SSA‐positive subjects, particularly for QTc >500 ms (2.27 [1.34–3.87]). Conclusions Anti‐Ro/SSA‐antibody positivity was independently associated with an increased risk of marked QTc prolongation in a large cohort of US veterans. Our data suggest that within the general population individuals who are anti‐Ro/SSA‐positive may represent a subgroup of patients particularly predisposed to ventricular arrhythmias/sudden cardiac death.
Quantitative analysis of spontaneous sociality in children’s group behavior during nursery activity

Sociality is the tendency to spontaneously interact with others to establish and maintain relationships. Some approaches, including questionnaires, tests, controlled experiments, and qualitative field research, cannot capture complex social interactions, such as in children during nursery activities, because of problems with ecological validity and the labor cost of analysis. Here, we introduced a new methodology for the quantitative analysis of spontaneous social movement and investigated children’s group behavior using position data. We periodically visited a nursery and recorded videos of eurhythmics, in which children move in tune with music, in different classes. The results revealed that children in the six-year-old class approached others in a short period of time (within one second) and established group behavior like that in a game of tag. It can be interpreted that such social behavior may include actions related to the cognition of anticipating others’ behaviors in a complex situation. Although only a small amount of data could be acquired, this study suggests one of the characteristics of social behaviors in the classroom considering an ecological approach.
Implementation of Electronic Clinical Decision Support Tools for Antibiotic Stewardship in Pediatric Appendicitis

Background The efficacy of clinical decision support (CDS) tools to promote antibiotic stewardship in pediatric appendicitis remains poorly understood. Here, we developed an electronic order panel (OP) to assist with decreased utilization of extended spectrum antibiotics. Methods Retrospective review of patients (≤18 years) at a single institution from May 2018 to October 2019 treated with ≥1 dose of preferred (narrow) or nonpreferred (broad-spectrum) antibiotics was performed, and they were categorized as pre- (PIC) or postimplementation cohorts (PISC). Results Of 234 encounters, 170 (73%) and 107 (46%) received preferred and nonpreferred antibiotics, respectively. Postimplementation cohort encounters had a sustained 50% increase in preferred antibiotic use compared to PIC (92% vs 42%, P = .014). Order panel utilization accounted for 31% of overall encounters and 44% of PISC encounters. Conclusion Despite sustained improvement in antibiotic stewardship, OP utilization remains low. The use of CDS tools may not be a good process measure for quality improvement.
Modulated IR radiometry for determining thermal properties and basic characteristics of titanium thin films

Titanium thin films of different thicknesses were prepared by direct current magnetron sputtering to study modulated infrared (IR) radiometry as a tool for analyzing film thickness. Thickness was varied by regularly increasing the deposition time, keeping all the other deposition parameters constant. The influence of film thickness on morphological, structural, and electrical properties of the titanium coatings also was investigated. The experimental results revealed a systematic grain growth with increasing film thickness, along with enhanced film crystallinity, which led to increased electrical conductivity. Using the results obtained by modulated IR radiometry, the thickness of each thin film was calculated. These thickness values were then compared with the coating thickness measurements obtained by scanning electron microscopy. The values confirmed the reliability of modulated IR radiometry as an analysis tool for thin films and coatings, and for determining thicknesses in the micrometer range, in particular.
The association of lymphocyte phenotypes and outcomes after discontinuing eltrombopag in immune thrombocytopenia

Eltrombopag is a highly effective treatment for immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Cases of durable remission after the discontinuation of eltrombopag in adult ITP have recently been reported; however, the frequency and mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon remain unknown. In the present study, we examined the phenotypes of lymphocytes in ITP to clarify whether they predict outcomes after the discontinuation of eltrombopag.