Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Δ6- and Δ5-desaturase activities in the human fetal liver: kinetic aspects

D 6- and D 5-desaturase activities were studied in human fetal liver microsomes obtained after legally ap- proved therapeutic abortion. Enzyme activities were mea- sured by a radiochemical method using reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Free and phospholipid fatty acids were assessed in each liver sample by a combination of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) procedures. The kinetic measurements showed higher D 6-desaturase activity for the n-3 series than for the n-6 series. Apparent K m of 6.5, 3.9, and 24.5 m m and V m of 7.5, 9.1, and 24.4 pmol ? min 2 1 ? mg 2 1 were obtained, respectively, for 18:2n-6 D 6-, 20:3n-6 D 5-, and 18:3n-3 D 6-desaturases. Beyond 30, 20, and 60 m m of 18:2n-6, 20:3n-6, and 18:3n-3 concentration, respectively, the enzyme activity deviated from Michaelis-Menten kinet- ics, suggesting an inhibition by excess substrate which is un- likely to occur in vivo as endogenous substrate concentra- tion is much lower. We observed a breakdown in linearity between desaturase activity and microsomal protein concen- tration beyond 4-5 mg microsomal protein, whatever the enzyme or substrate. Both this phenomenon and the inhibition due to excess substrate should be taken into account in the determination of D 6- and D 5-desaturase ac- tivities. Comparison of concentrations of the respective endogenous substrates and the kinetic constants of each en- zyme suggested that the higher D 6-desaturase activity ob- served for the n-3 series than for the n-6 series is not phys- iologically relevant in human fetal liver. — Rodriguez, A. , P. Sarda, C. Nessmann, P. Boulot, C. L. Leger, and B. Descomps. D 6- and D 5-desaturase activities in the human fe- tal liver: kinetic aspects. J. Lipid. Res. 1998. 39: 1825-1832.
Protective Effect of Beet Root and Rosemary against Hepatic Oxidative Stress Injury in Rats

Beet roots and rosemary are rich in bioactive food components has therapeutic properties in hepatic injury. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of beet roots and rosemary on reduction and management of hepatic injury symptoms. This study was conducted on thirty albino male rats, weighting 135±5 g and randomly classified into six groups (6rats each). The first group kept as normal control fed standard diet only. The other four groups injected with injected subcutaneously by CIS to induce hepatic injury and reclassified into positive control, 10% beets, 10% rosemary and mixture treated groups. The treated groups with beet, rosemary and mixture showed a no significant difference in final weight, weight gain ,feed intake ,FER hemoglobin, packed cell volume ,RBCs ,ALT, AST and ALP enzymes activity, total protein, albumin, globulin in serum , A/G ratio and liver GSH,GPX ,MDA , glycogen ,cholesterol , total lipid and triglyceride, except rosemary group which showed a significant decrease in serum albumin and beet group showed a significant decreased in liver GSH but they showed significant increase in serum bilirubin when comparing with control (-ve) group. On the other side The treated groups with beet, and rosemary and mixture showed significant decrease in ALT, AST & alkaline phosphatase enzymes activity in serum bilirubin, A/G ratio, MDA ,cholesterol and total lipid in liver but showed significant increase in final weight, weight gain ,FER, hemoglobin, packed cell volume ,RBCs, ,serum albumin , total protein ,globulin and liver GSH , GPX ,glycogen and triglyceride except rosemary group showed a no significant difference in serum albumin and also beet rat group which showed no significant difference in liver GSH when compared with control (+ve) rats group. It is recommended to consume beet, and rosemary and mixture of them to maintain the efficacy of the liver.
A Hierarchical Model for Decomposition in Terrestrial Ecosystems: Application to Soils of the Humid Tropics

A general model is presented in which the dynamics of decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems are determined by a set of hierarchically organized factors which regulate microbial activity at decreasing scales of time and space in the following order: climate - clay mineralogy + nutrient status of soil - quality of decomposing resources - effect of macroorganisms (i.e., roots and invertebrates). At the lower scale of determination, biological systems of regulation based on mutualistic relationships between macro- and microorganisms ultimately determine the rates and pathways of decomposition. Four such systems are defined, i.e., the litter and surface roots system, the rhizosphere, the drilosphere and the termitosphere in which the regulating macroorganisms are respectively litter arthropods and surface roots, live subterranean roots, endogeic earthworms, and termites. In the humid tropics, this general model is often altered because climatic and edaphic constraints are in many cases not important and because high temperature and moisture conditions greatly enhance the activity of mutualistic biological systems of regulation which exert a much stronger control on litter and soil organic matter dynamics. This general hypothesis is considered in the light of available information from tropical rain forests and humid savannas. Theoretical and practical implications regarding the biodiversity issue and management practices are further discussed. It is concluded that biodiversity is probably determined, at least partly, by soil biological processes as a consequence of enhanced mutualistic interactions, which enlarge the resource base available to plants. It is also concluded that any effort to restore or rehabilitate degraded soils in the humid tropics is promised to fail unless optimum levels of root and invertebrate activities are promoted and the resulting regulation effects operate in the four abovedescribed biological systems of regulation. Research required to substantiate and adequately test the present set of concepts and hypotheses are expressed.
THE USEFULNESS OF DIETARY ESSENTIAL OILS MIXTURE SUPPLEMENTATION ON QUALITY ASPECT OF POULTRY MEAT

The main objective of this research was to determine the effects of dietary essential oils mixture of thyme (Thymus vulgaris), oregano (Origanum vulgare) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), on breast and thigh with drumstick composition, technological and sensory quality of poultry meat. In order to realize the tasks set, biological trial was carried out with 840 Ross 308 strain broiler chickens equally distributed into three dietary treatments. The diets were supplemented with no essential oils mixture (T1), essential oils mixture at 0.05% (T2) and essential oils mixture at 0.10% (T3). On the basis of gained results, it can be concluded that in breast and thigh with drumstick of experimental treatments protein content was statistically significantly (p<0.05) higher compared to control treatment. Additionally, in thigh with drumstick fat content was significantly lower in treatments T2 and T3 relative to those reared on control (without supplementation) diet, while in breast this difference was only numerically different. Ca content, hydroxyproline and collagen contents, as well as relative content of connective tissue proteins were also improved in treatments with addition of essential oils mixture. Based on the technological property parameters of meat such as pH, colour, water holding capacity and cook loss it is proved that essential oils mixture improved breast and thigh with drumstick quality. Moreover, regarding the sensory quality attributes a higher overall score for the breast and thigh with drumstick supplemented with essential oils mixture than for those of the control group was recorded. The findings obtained in this study highlight the potential of phytogenic feed additives as a tool to improve poultry meat quality and meet consumer expectations.
JPFI 5.1.cdr

Negative resist ma-N 2403 and 495 K PMMA have good resolution for electron beam lithography (EBL) application. The optimum resist thickness plays significant role in e-beam exposure. Therefore, in this research, thicknesses of both resists were optimized using spincoater within spin speeds of 1000-6000 rpm. As spin speed increased, resist thickness decreased as well. Morphology of resist surfaces were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Grains of resist show long grains. In AFM analyses, surface profiles of negative resist ma-N 2403 and 495 K PMMA show cone peaks.
Long-Term Variability of Forest Fires in Selected 28 European Countries , Canada and the USA

Aim: The primary aim of this paper was to determine long-term variability in the number of forest fires and burnt forest area in selected 28 European countries, Canada and the USA and to assess the effectiveness of fire protection systems in the forests of those countries. The secondary aim was to identify similarities between the analysed countries in terms of the incidence of forest fires and the effectiveness of forest fire protection systems. Introduction: Forest fires not only cause tangible economic losses, but they also typically result in serious changes in forest ecosystems. By affecting fauna, flora and the air, among other things, they simultaneously contribute to a deterioration of living conditions. Worldwide approx. 40% forested areas are at risk of forest fires, while in Europe it is over 60%. Additionally, due to climate change, decreasing precipitation and prolonged periods with no rainfall it is forecast that fire hazard in forests is going to increase, which will not only be manifested in a greater number of fires, but will also contribute to their intensive spreading. In this context, it is crucial to conduct analyses of forest fires.
Changes of the Preferred Temperature in Striped Beakperch, Oplegnathus fasciatus, during the Juvenile Growth.

Temperature preference of 2-14 month old striped beakperch, Oplegnathus fasciatus, (B. L. 3.3 -14.9cm) hatched on the same day was tested using a vertical temperature gradient tank . Fish were acclimated to 25•Ž for more than 18 days before the experiments. Temperature was a dominant factor affecting fish distribution in a vertical temperature gradient, since the distribution was shifted in accordance with the location of preferred temperature . No clear change in the preferred tempera ture was shown with exposure to the temperature gradient for more than 24 hours. The preferred temperatures were related to the growth of the fish. Two to eight month old fish preferred a progres sively cooler temperature from 28.6 to 24.7•Ž as they grew. Fish older than 8 months preferred a nar rower temperature range of 25 and 26•Ž.
The Physiology of Hunger in the Blowfly

The behavior of an animal typically changes as a consequence of feeding and starvation, at least those aspects of its behavior that are adapted to the location and ingestion of food. The physiological basis of such changes has been long sought by vertebrate psychophysiologists, but the underlying mechanisms are still notably obscure. Of animals with simpler or more stereotyped behavior, similar questions have rarely been asked. Owing much to its usefulness in the study of chemoreceptor mechanisms, the blowfly is recently an exception. There have been a number of investigations directed at the mechanisms whereby feeding alters taste sensitivity, readiness to feed, control of intake, locomotor activity, and other behavior in addition to the abundant information regarding the properties of chemoreceptors as they are involved in feeding. We have continued that line of investigation to fill in some of the gaps in the simple, rather thorough picture that has resulted. This paper gives the new evidence we have obtained (referred to herein as Evans and Barton Browne, unpublished), and attempts at the same time to evaluate other pertinent evidence and to present an integrated description of the physiology of hunger in the blowfly. The use of the word "hunger" in the title requires some comment. It has been used there merely to connote those changes in behavior which are a consequence of feeding and starvation. The term has been avoided elsewhere in this paper in recognition of the difficulties engendered by its use. These difficulties are discussed later in order to make use of the experimental data in that discussion. FEEDING BEHAVIOR In examining the effects of feeding and starvation on the feeding behavior of blowflies, we will consider first the effects on the behavioral threshold of the tarsal contact chemoreceptors and then, using the available data, we will discuss the mechanisms whereby ingestion is controlled. A discussion of the phenomenon of "hyperphagia," reported by Dethier and Bodenstein (1958), is also included.
Transfer Learning-Based Search Model for Hot Pepper Diseases and Pests

The use of conventional classification techniques to recognize diseases and pests can lead to an incorrect judgment on whether crops are diseased or not. Additionally, hot pepper diseases, such as “anthracnose” and “bacterial spot” can be erroneously judged, leading to incorrect disease recognition. To address these issues, multi-recognition methods, such as Google Cloud Vision, suggest multiple disease candidates and allow the user to make the final decision. Similarity-based image search techniques, along with multi-recognition, can also be used for this purpose. Content-based image retrieval techniques have been used in several conventional similarity-based image searches, using descriptors to extract features such as the image color and edge. In this study, we use eight pre-trained deep learning models (VGG16, VGG19, Resnet 50, etc.) to extract the deep features from images. We conducted experiments using 28,011 image data of 34 types of hot pepper diseases and pests. The search results for diseases and pests were similar to query images with deep features using the k-nearest neighbor method. In top-1 to top-5, when using the deep features based on the Resnet 50 model, we achieved recognition accuracies of approximately 88.38–93.88% for diseases and approximately 95.38–98.42% for pests. When using the deep features extracted from the VGG16 and VGG19 models, we recorded the second and third highest performances, respectively. In the top-10 results, when using the deep features extracted from the Resnet 50 model, we achieved accuracies of 85.6 and 93.62% for diseases and pests, respectively. As a result of performance comparison between the proposed method and the simple convolutional neural network (CNN) model, the proposed method recorded 8.62% higher accuracy in diseases and 14.86% higher in pests than the CNN classification model.
Assessing the mechanisms of common Pb incorporation into titanite

Common Pb, the portion of non-radiogenic Pb within a U bearing mineral, needs to be accurately accounted for in order to subtract its effect on U-Pb isotopic ratios so that meaningful ages can be calculated. The propensity to accommodate common Pb during crystallization, or later, is different across the range of U bearing minerals used for geochronology. Titanite frequently accommodates significant amounts of common Pb. However, the most appropriate method to correct for this requires knowledge on the mechanism and timing of common Pb incorporation; information that is commonly difficult to extract. In this study, the spatial and compositional distribution of trace elements (including Pb) in metamorphic titanites from a Greenland amphibolite is investigated on the grainto nano-scale. Titanites have an isotopically similar signature for both common and radiogenic-Pb in all grains but significantly different quantities of the non-radiogenic component. Microstructural and compositional examination of these grains reveals undeformed, but high common Pb (F207%) titanites have homogeneous element distributions on the atomic scale suggesting common Pb is incorporated into titanite during its growth and not during later processes. In contrast, deformed titanite comprising low-angle boundaries, formed by subgrain rotation recrystallization, comprise networks of dislocations that are enriched in Mg, Al, K and Fe. Smaller cations may migrate due to elastic strain in the vicinity of the dislocation network, yet the larger K cations more likely reflect the mobility of externally-derived K along the orientation interface. The absence of Pb enrichment along the boundary indicates that either Pb was too large to fit into migrating lattice dislocations or static low-angle boundaries and/or that there was no external Pb available to diffuse along the grain boundary. As the common Pb composition is distinctly different to regional Pb models, the metamorphic titanite grew in a homogeneous Pb reservoir dominated by the break-down of precursor U-bearing phases. The different quantity of common Pb in the titanite grains indicates a mineraldriven element partitioning in an isotopically homogeneous metamorphic reservoir, consistent with low U, low total REE and flat LREE signatures in high F207% analyses. These results have implications for the selection of appropriate common Pb corrections in titanite and other accessory phases.
Discoloration of Bulk-Fill Versus Conventional Composites: A Spectrophotometric Evaluation

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the discoloration of a dual-cure bulk-fill (DCBF) and light-cure bulk-fill (LCBF) composites relative to conventional composites (CC) after water and coffee immersion. Methods: Onehundred disc-shaped specimens (8mm in diameter × 4mm thickness) were prepared using five commercially available composites (n=10); two LCBF (XB-X-trafil Voco, FB-FiltekTM Bulk Fill), one DCBF (FU-Fill-upTM Coltene), and two CC (CE-Clearfil Majesty ES2, EQ-Estelite ΣQuick). Initial and final color readouts were measured with a spectrophotometer (Easyshade,Vita) according to the CIELAB color system. Statistical analyses were performed using 2-way ANOVA with Bonferroni adjustment to evaluate ΔE, ΔL, Δa, and Δb parameters (p<0.05). Results: Significant interactions were noted among the material types and immersion solutions for all evaluated parameters (p=0.00). ΔE values were observed in the order of FU>FB≥XB>EQ≥CE in water immersion groups and XB>FB>EQ≥FU≥CE in coffee immersion groups. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, DCBF composite is more susceptible to intrinsic discoloration compared to LCBF and CC. However, DCBF exhibited lower extrinsic discoloration than LCBF and comparable with CC after coffee immersion. Depending on their chemical and structural compositions, composites will exhibit color change, which compromises the esthetic performance of composite restorations.
Potential Regulatory Effect of mir-182-3p on Osteosarcoma by Targeting Early B-Cell Factor 2

This study investigated the role of miR-182-3p in osteosarcoma. The effect of the miR-182-3p expression on cell function and the regulatory signal changes of Early B-cell Factor 2 targeted by miR-182-3p were studied in the osteosarcoma cell line in vitro. miR-182-3p was downregulated in both osteosarcoma patients and osteosarcoma cell line. The overexpression of miR-182-3p resulted in increased apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells and decreased migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. In addition, miR-182-3p regulated the messenger RNA stability of early B-cell factor 2 y directly binding to the 3 prime untranslated region of Early B-Cell Factor 2, which was a key regulator of osteosarcoma cell apoptosis. Overexpression of Early B-Cell Factor 2 could inhibit the apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells and promote the migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells effectively. At the same time, overexpression of Early B-Cell Factor 2 could alleviate the phenotype induced by miR-182-3p. miR-182-3p was a tumor suppressing microRNA in osteosarcoma. Its function was realized by inhibiting Early B-Cell Factor 2. These results provided a new therapeutic target for metastatic osteosarcoma and a better understanding of the molecular regulation of Early B-Cell Factor 2.
A review on the role of genomics, various environmental factors, biochemical and physiological determinants and biofilms responsible for the development of antibiotics resistance in microbes

Antibiotic (antimicrobial drug), an organic compound causes a sterling impact on microbes by inducing cellular responses. For years, genetic changes were thought to be the only active influencer in development of microbial resistance against antibiotics. With advancement many other factors came up to mutually participate in onset of microbial resistance. This review article is focused on identifying various other possible microbial antibiotic resistance factors. Since there has been identified multitude of factors, the crucial being the horizontal gene transfer (HGT), genetic changes (point mutations), development of biofilms acting as barrier, physiological factors i.e. efflux pump; most effective impact factor, environmental factors; natural selection pressure, metal contamination, anthropogenic activities cooperating specifically with farms serve as vectors to transfer pathogens or their resistance genes to human directly and indirectly through livestock, dairy products consumption, and biochemical responses in terms of mortality and morbidity, working in correlation as a stimulator to each other. To develop a strong antibiotic, it necessitates the knowledge of the evolutionary backgrounds of the microbe. This would help in developing next generation drugs way before the outbreak of next epidemic or pandemic. This requires the development of a gene bank of total resistant genes of pathogens of concern known as resistome. Beneficial bioinformatics databases are in progress to provide useful data in this regard e.g. Antibiotic Resistance Genes Database (ARDB) gathers extensive publicly available info on microbial resistance. Comprehensive Antibiotic Research Database (CARD) generates molecular sequencing data, Antibiotic Resistance Ontology (ARO) and rapidly identifies antibiotic resistance genes in genome. Keywords: Antibiotic resistance; Antimicrobial Drugs; Biofilms; Cryptic genes; Efflux pumps; Horizontal gene transfer (HGT); Integrating conjugative elements (ICE); Natural selection; Plasmid acquisition MDR efflux pump; resistome http://dx.doi. org/10.19045/bspab.2020. 90245
Effects of Stored-Product Beetle Infestation on Fat Acidity, Seed Germination, and Microflora of Wheat

The keeping quality of wheat and wheat plus dockage, which was infested by two stored-product beetles, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) and Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), at 30°C and 70% relative humidity (RH) was determined over a 20-week period. The quality assessment criteria used were the changes in fat acidity values, seed germination, germ and endosperm damage, and fungal and bacterial infection. Heavy infestation (650 to 800 adults per 130g) by both insect species in wheatplus-dockage treatment resulted in significantly higher levels of infection by Penicillium and bacteria , which led to greater loss in seed germination than in noninfested wheat plus dockage. Fat acidity values in wheat-plus-dockage treatment increased significantly ( P < 0.01) only when it was infested with O. surinamensis , which produced significantly more adults and larvae than C. ferrugineus . Infestation by insects resulted in a decreased level of seed infection by fungi of the Aspergillus glaucus group. Damage to seed germ by C. ferrugineus exceeded damage by O. surinamensis; both species damaged the germ more than the endosperm.