Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
"Hauptsache irgendetwas mit Medien" Eine Analyse des Informationsverhaltens von Studieninteressierten

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Nicotine, alcohol and drug dependence and psychiatric comorbidity

Background There is a well-recognised relationship between substance use disorders and other psychiatric disorders. This relationship has been well documented in a range of population-based studies. Aims This study aims to report on consumption patterns of and dependence on nicotine, alcohol and non-prescribed drugs and to report on the levels of psychiatric morbidity in these groups. Method A national household study of psychiatric morbidity was conducted in England and Wales. Psychiatric assessment was based on the Clinical Interview Schedule – Revised (CIS–R). Measures of nicotine, alcohol and drug use and dependence were obtained. This paper compares the levels of psychiatric morbidity in the non-dependent and the nicotine-, alcohol— and drug-dependent cases. Results Twelve per cent of the non-dependent population were assessed as having any psychiatric disorder compared with 22% of the nicotine-dependent, 30% of the alcohol-dependent and 45% of the drug-dependent population. Conclusions There is a clear relationship between dependence on nicotine, alcohol and drugs and other psychiatric morbidity.
Spectroscopic evidence for an engineered, catalytically active Trp radical that creates the unique reactivity of lignin peroxidase

The surface oxidation site (Trp-171) in lignin peroxidase (LiP) required for the reaction with veratryl alcohol a high-redox-potential (1.4 V) substrate, was engineered into Coprinus cinereus peroxidase (CiP) by introducing a Trp residue into a heme peroxidase that has similar protein fold but lacks this activity. To create the catalytic activity toward veratryl alcohol in CiP, it was necessary to reproduce the Trp site and its negatively charged microenvironment by means of a triple mutation. The resulting D179W+R258E+R272D variant was characterized by multifrequency EPR spectroscopy. The spectra unequivocally showed that a new Trp radical [g values of gx = 2.0035(5), gy = 2.0027(5), and gz = 2.0022(1)] was formed after the [Fe(IV)=O Por•+] intermediate, as a result of intramolecular electron transfer between Trp-179 and the porphyrin. Also, the EPR characterization crucially showed that [Fe(IV)=O Trp-179•] was the reactive intermediate with veratryl alcohol. Accordingly, our work shows that it is necessary to take into account the physicochemical properties of the radical, fine-tuned by the microenvironment, as well as those of the preceding [Fe(IV)=O Por•+] intermediate to engineer a catalytically competent Trp site for a given substrate. Manipulation of the microenvironment of the Trp-171 site in LiP allowed the detection by EPR spectroscopy of the Trp-171•, for which direct evidence has been missing so far. Our work also highlights the role of Trp residues as tunable redox-active cofactors for enzyme catalysis in the context of peroxidases with a unique reactivity toward recalcitrant substrates that require oxidation potentials not realized at the heme site.
Lyapunov Stability of Hybrid System Limit Cycle Application to the Compass Gait Biped

In this paper a technique using Lyapunov approach for stability analysis of hybrid limit cycle is proposed. The system under consideration is a compass-like biped robot which has continuous dynamic with impulsive effects. After system feedback linearization, we use Lyapunov direct method with LMI formulation to proove stability of the robot periodic gait.
Recent advances in the molecular genetics of epilepsy

Recent advances in molecular genetics have translated into the increasing utilisation of genetic testing in the routine clinical practice of neurologists. There has been a steady, incremental increase in understanding the genetic variation associated with epilepsies. Genetic testing in the epilepsies is not yet widely practiced, but the advent of new screening technologies promises to exponentially expand both knowledge and clinical utility. To maximise the value of this new genetic insight we need to rapidly extrapolate genetic findings to inform patients of their diagnosis, prognosis, recurrence risk and the clinical management options available for their specific genetic condition. Comprehensive, highly specific and sensitive genetic test results improve the management of patients by neurologists and clinical geneticists. Here we discuss the latest developments in clinical genetic testing for epilepsy and describe new molecular genetics platforms that will transform both genetic screening and novel gene discovery.
PFR2: a curated database of planktonic foraminifera 18S ribosomal DNA as a resource for studies of plankton ecology, biogeography and evolution

Planktonic foraminifera (Rhizaria) are ubiquitous marine pelagic protists producing calcareous shells with conspicuous morphology. They play an important role in the marine carbon cycle, and their exceptional fossil record serves as the basis for biochronostratigraphy and past climate reconstructions. A major worldwide sampling effort over the last two decades has resulted in the establishment of multiple large collections of cryopreserved individual planktonic foraminifera samples. Thousands of 18S rDNA partial sequences have been generated, representing all major known morphological taxa across their worldwide oceanic range. This comprehensive data coverage provides an opportunity to assess patterns of molecular ecology and evolution in a holistic way for an entire group of planktonic protists. We combined all available published and unpublished genetic data to build PFR2, the Planktonic foraminifera Ribosomal Reference database. The first version of the database includes 3322 reference 18S rDNA sequences belonging to 32 of the 47 known morphospecies of extant planktonic foraminifera, collected from 460 oceanic stations. All sequences have been rigorously taxonomically curated using a six‐rank annotation system fully resolved to the morphological species level and linked to a series of metadata. The PFR2 website, available at http://pfr2.sb-roscoff.fr, allows downloading the entire database or specific sections, as well as the identification of new planktonic foraminiferal sequences. Its novel, fully documented curation process integrates advances in morphological and molecular taxonomy. It allows for an increase in its taxonomic resolution and assures that integrity is maintained by including a complete contingency tracking of annotations and assuring that the annotations remain internally consistent.
Concerns and issues that have emerged with the evolution of evidence-based practice

Until a few years ago, if you were a post-menopausal woman, you could expect to receive hormone replacement therapy to treat or prevent distressful symptoms and to protect you from cardiovascular disease. However, in a classic study from the Women’s Health Initiative, hormones were shown to actually increase the likelihood of heart disease and stroke (Rossouw et al., 2002). Careful collection and assessment of the evidence changed the recommendations in this field yielding non-hormonal interventions aimed at symptomatic relief, being now the first line of treatment. Few would argue about the value in this instance of healthcare professionals being able to identify “what works” and being appropriately trained to practice accordingly. Parallel to the trend of general medicine which has emphasized the essential importance of identifying and implementing effective care (Sackett et al., 1996), mental health has made similar strides (Drake et al., 2001; Reynolds, 2000). Specifically, the development of evidence-based practice has had profound impact on the field and contributed to the identification, development and dissemination of effective interventions which have proven to improve outcomes. While we believe that the evidence-based movement is a necessary development, and one we support (Roe et al., 2007), like many social, political and scientific developments, it is not without its risks or unintended consequences. We are well aware that we are not the first to raise concerns, nor do we suggest that our concerns are exhaustive or that we hold the solutions. It is not our intention to turn back the clock or suggest nostalgia for another time but rather explore three of those risks and hope to stimulate discussion and raise awareness of some of the difficulties we perceive. The first concern we see is that an emphasis on evidence and measurement naturally inclines persons to study outcomes that can be most easily observed and hence risk developing models, which are lopsided or at least not sufficiently attentive to some of the most human and important aspects of the matters at stake. Specifically, we suggest that there is a risk within the evidence-based movement towards the development of models of psychopathology and dysfunction which are driven by a focus on distinct phenomenon and processes which can quickly be observed as present or absent. For example, if we want to study whether an intervention is effective, it is relatively simple to ask whether persons who received Journal of Mental Health, 2012; 21(5): 427–429 © 2012 Informa UK, Ltd. ISSN: 0963-8237 print / ISSN 1360-0567 online DOI: 10.3109/09638237.2012. 725493
Phosphorylation of the Ca2+-Binding Protein CaBP4 by Protein Kinase C ζ in Photoreceptors

CaBP4 is a calmodulin-like neuronal calcium-binding protein that is crucial for the development and/or maintenance of the cone and rod photoreceptor synapse. Previously, we showed that CaBP4 directly regulates Cav1 L-type Ca2+ channels, which are essential for normal photoreceptor synaptic transmission. Here, we show that the function of CaBP4 is regulated by phosphorylation. CaBP4 is phosphorylated by protein kinase C ζ (PKCζ) at serine 37 both in vitro and in the retina and colocalizes with PKCζ in photoreceptors. CaBP4 phosphorylation is greater in light-adapted than dark-adapted mouse retinas. In electrophysiological recordings of cells transfected with Cav1.3 and CaBP4, mutation of the serine 37 to alanine abolished the effect of CaBP4 in prolonging the Ca2+ current through Cav1.3 channel, whereas inactivating mutations in the CaBP4 Ca2+-binding sites strengthened Cav1.3 modulation. These findings demonstrate how light-stimulated changes in CaBP4 phosphorylation and Ca2+ binding may regulate presynaptic Ca2+ signals in photoreceptors.
A new pansharpening method based on cartoon+texture decomposition

Pansharpening is a fusion of a high resolution panchromatic image and a low resolution multispectral (MS) image to obtain a high resolution MS image. A robust pansharpening method should increase the spatial resolution while preserving the nature of spectral information. Spectral distortion caused by fusion, could be due to the details injection in unnecessary pixels and injecting too much details. In this paper, a cartoon+texture decomposition is used to discriminate between necessary and unnecessary pixels to inject details. The piecewise-smooth areas and sharp edges of the cartoon component need less or no details injection. As a result, the fusion only be done on the texture components. The proposed method is compared with the IAIHS and SFIM methods. Results show it preserves more spectral features with less spatial distortion.
A Retrospective Analysis of Treatment and Clinical Outcomes among Patients with Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Isolates Possessing Detectable mecA by a Commercial PCR Assay Compared to Patients with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Isolates

ABSTRACT mecA-positive Staphylococcus aureus isolates phenotypically susceptible to cefoxitin (mecA-methicillin-sensitive S. aureus [MSSA]) have been identified. We describe the treatment and outcomes among patients with mecA-MSSA bloodstream infections (BSI) and MRSA BSI matched 1:1 for age, BSI origin, and BSI type (n = 17 per group). Compared to MRSA BSI patients, mecA-MSSA BSI patients more often experienced clinical failure (58.8% and 11.8%, P = 0.010), driven largely by persistent bacteremia (35.3% and 11.8%). mecA-MSSA BSI patients may be at higher risk for poor clinical outcomes.
Quantification of ADMA: analytical approaches

Methylated L-arginine analogs are involved in nitric oxide synthase activity regulation. Methods based on high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence, capillary electrophoresis, or ion exchange chromatography with absorbance detection were first applied for the quantitative determination of N-monomethyl-L-arginine (NMMA), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and sym metric dimethylarginine (SDMA) in human blood and urine. These assays revealed elevated circulating levels of ADMA in various diseases and gave accumulating evidence of the usefulness of ADMA as a cardiovascular risk factor. However, the methods used are hampered by the fact that NMMA, ADMA and SDMA can be dis tinguished from L-arginine only by means of chromatographic separation. This has promoted the development of alternatives that involve mass spectrometry (MS) technology. Today, various MS-based approaches such as liquid chromatography (LC)-MS, LC-MS/MS, gas chromatography (GC)-MS, and GC-MS/MS are available. L-arginine and its analogs have been subjected to LC-MS analysis with and without further derivatization to their o-phthaldialdehyde derivatives. For these methods, labelled L-arginine was used as the internal standard. The first MS-based method that distinguishes NMMA, ADMA, SDMA and L-arginine by mass-to-charge (m/z)- ratio has been reported by Tsikas et al. This GC-MS approach has been further improved by Albsmeier et al by introducing labelled ADMA as an internal standard. As an alternative to existing methods, a commercially available ELISA kit has recently been developed and validated.
Isolation and characterization of the LGT1 gene encoding a low‐affinity glucose transporter from Torulaspora delbrueckii

Torulaspora delbrueckii PYCC 5321 displayed a mediated glucose transport activity best fitted assuming a biphasic Michaelis–Menten kinetics with a low‐ and a high‐affinity component. A genomic library of this yeast strain was used to transform a mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae deficient in glucose transport. Sequence analysis of a DNA fragment cloned, revealed the presence of a 1704 bp length ORF. This ORF, named LGT1, displayed a high homology to yeast glucose transporter genes. Functional characterization of the LGT1 gene product in S. cerevisiae revealed that it encodes a low‐affinity transporter, able to mediate the uptake of glucose and fructose. In consonance with this, expression of LGT1 in S. cerevisiae was high in media containing 4% of glucose and almost undetectable in galactose as sole carbon source. In the absence of glucose, repression of LGT1 expression required the transcription factor Rgt1p. However, a functional Rgt1p does not appear to be required for a full induction of LGT1 at high glucose levels. Deletion of the gene coding for the general repressor Mig1p had no effect on LGT1 expression, but additional disruption of MIG2 in a mig1 background indicated that Mig2p or both Mig1p and Mig2p in a redundant way, act as repressors of LGT1 expression at high glucose concentrations. The GeneBank Accession No. for LGT1 is AY598344. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acute effect of a brief bout of exercise on alcohol urges.

AIM To examine whether a brief bout of moderate intensity exercise reduces alcohol urges and mood disturbance in those with alcohol dependence. DESIGN A counterbalanced cross-over design (within-subjects). SETTING A hospital-based alcohol rehabilitation clinic. PARTICIPANTS Twenty males and females [mean (SD) age = 40.1 (8.2) years, mean (SD) Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire score = 34.2 (13.4)] who had recently completed alcohol detoxification [mean (SD) days since completing detoxification = 3.5 (2.3)]. INTERVENTION On the first day of experimentation all participants (N = 20) were randomized to undergo one of two conditions, either: (i) a single bout of 10 minutes of moderate intensity cycling (experimental), or (ii) a single bout of 10 minutes of very light intensity cycling (control). On the following day they underwent the remaining condition. MEASUREMENTS All participants completed the Alcohol Urge Questionnaire and a six-item measure of mood disturbance at the following times: (i) immediately before exercise (baseline), (ii) during exercise (at 5 minutes), (iii) immediately following exercise, (iv) 5 minutes following exercise and (v) 10 minutes after exercise. FINDINGS Relative to baseline, there was a significant decline in alcohol urges for the experimental condition versus control during exercise (P = 0.02) but not at any measurement point following exercise. At baseline, by chance, there was a non-significant tendency for there to be higher ratings of alcohol urges for the experimental condition versus the control. For mood, there was no evidence for significant differences between treatment conditions for baseline versus any subsequent measurement point. CONCLUSIONS A brief bout of moderate intensity exercise may provide some short-term relief from alcohol urges during exercise. Further studies are required to replicate the present findings and to confirm whether any moderating effect of exercise on alcohol urges is sustained following exercise.
Treatment of psoriasis with daunorubicin and cytarabine.

To the Editor. — A 66-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of acute myelomonocytic leukemia. Her past history indicated that she had had chronic psoriasis that often underwent exacerbations. Traditional treatment given was not satisfactory. On admission, she had extensive psoriatic lesions on her buttocks, knees, and elbows, with additional isolated lesions on her abdomen and chest. Aggressive treatment of leukemia was begun with 100 mg/sq m/ day of intravenous (IV) cytarabine given continuously for seven days and 40 mg/sq m of IV daunorubicin hydrochloride for three consecutive days. There was a dramatic improvement in her psoriasis, and the psoriatic lesions virtually healed. After the induction treatment, she also had a complete hematologic remission. The hematologic remission is currently maintained by a schedule of monthly five-day treatments with 2 × 100 mg/sq m/day of IV cytarabine, 10 mg/sq m/day of IV daunorubicin hydrochloride, and 2 × 100 mg/ sq
Telemedicine Center

This paper describes a stationary unit at the Telemedicine Center (TMC) which is one part of the advanced care and alert portable telemedical monitor. The TMC is software based on a JAVA server platform running on a Windows PC with a GPRS data link and installed in hospitals. It facilitates, tracks, monitors, and reports the patient condition anytime anywhere. It can run on the platform continuously and constantly and can be used to trigger emergency health alerts immediately when abnormalities are detected. Additionally, we help a physician identify useful information from a huge amount of sensor data collected by the body sensor network on a patient and hence to reduce communication costs. Another important is the sensor data can be auto-backuped in case of accidental broken .
Serum levels of IL-33 and its receptor ST2 are elevated in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Objectives: The aims of this study were to measure the levels of interleukin (IL)-33 and ST2 and T-helper (Th)2-associated cytokines (IL-13, IL-4, IL-5) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and examine the correlation of serum cytokine levels with disease activity and laboratory parameters. Method: Serum IL-33, IL-13, IL-4, and IL-5 levels were assessed by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the mRNA levels of IL-33 and ST2 were quantified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), in 43 AS samples and compared with 27 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Results: Serum IL-33, IL-13, and IL-4 levels were increased significantly in AS patients compared with controls (p < 0.01); moreover, serum IL-33 and IL-13 levels were significantly higher in patients with active AS than in those with inactive AS (p < 0.05). The serum levels of IL-5 showed no significant difference between AS patients and controls (p > 0.05). Serum IL-33 levels were positively correlated with both IL-13 (r = 0.306, p < 0.01) and IL-4 levels (r = 0.432, p < 0.01). The mRNA levels of IL-33 and ST2 were significantly different between AS patients and controls (p < 0.01) but not between active and inactive AS patients. Conclusions: Serum levels of IL-33 could partially reflect AS disease activity and indicate that IL-33/ST2 signalling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AS.