Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation on the Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis of Citrate Based Silver Nanoparticles, In Vitro

Background: With the advancement of nanotechnology, nanoparticles have been applied in our modern society. However, the hazardous effects of nanoparticles on organisms have not been thoroughly clarified yet. Considering the migration of nanoparticles in food and its subsequent consumption by humans, we have employed normal cell line, the African green monkey kidney cell line (Vero) for evaluation of the cytotoxic activity of the silver nanoparticles. Currently, there are various approaches to perform toxicity tests. In this study, we investigated the effects of citrate-based silver nanoparticles on Vero cells to explore the adverse effects of these nanoparticles. Methods: In an experimental work, to synthetize silver nanoparticles, silver nitrate and citric acid were used. Nanoparticles were further characterized by UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Dynamic Light scattering (DLS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Cells were exposed to various concentrations of the nanoparticles (1.56 to 1000 μg/ml) for 24 h and 48h. The cytotoxic activity and apoptosis were determined using MTT assay and acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/ EB) staining, respectively. Results: The present study showed a dose-dependent cytotoxicity of the silver nanoparticles with log IC50 values of ~10.68 and 2.06 μg/ml for 24 h and 48 h, respectively on Vero cell lines. Analysis by AO/EB staining indicated that the silver nanoparticles induced apoptosis in the cell lines. Conclusion: Silver nanoparticles revealed cytotoxic effects on the Vero cells which was associated with the method of synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Please cite this article as: Ebrahimi L, Hosseinzadeh S, Pourmontaseri M, Jalaei J. Investigation on the Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis of Citrate Based Silver Nanoparticles, In Vitro. J Health Sci Surveillance Sys. 2018;6(4):190-197.
Coral Reefs and Eutrophication

Coral reefs are found in oligotrophic waters, which are poor in nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphate, and possibly iron. In spite of this, coral reefs exhibit high gross primary productivity rates. They thrive in oligotrophic conditions because of the symbiotic relationship between corals and dinoflagellate algae (zooxanthellae) embedded in the coral tissue. In their mutualistic symbiosis, the zooxanthellae contribute their photosynthetic capability as the basis for the metabolic energy of the whole association, and eventually of a great part of the entire reef ecosystem.
Question Auto-Completion using a Typed LSTM Language Model

Query auto-completion (QAC) is the task of predicting a user’s query as they type. A QAC system presents completion predictions to the user to ease the process of entering a query. Most approaches to QAC heavily rely on query logs large collections of queries asked by users in the past. These logs are often used to estimate the probability of a query based on how frequently it occurs in the logs. Major limitations of this approach are the inability to predict queries that have not been asked before as well as the fact that search engines with a small user base or recently deployed search engines usually do not have access to large enough and up-to-date query logs. We therefore explore the possibilities of QAC independent of query logs. For this work, we focus on questions as opposed to queries which are often just fragments of the question a user has in mind. We deploy a typed Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) language model trained on more than 11 million questions. In our language model, we replace concrete entities by abstract types in order to overcome the problem of data sparsity. When predicting a query completion, we insert entities for the types that the language model predicts by using an entity prominence score, co-occurrence between entities and word vector similarity. We evaluate our system over a hand-crafted ground truth of question prefixes and reasonable completions. Additionally, we evaluate our system over three question test sets. We compare several versions of our system. Apart from illustrating the importance of various system components, the results show that using co-occurrence to insert entities is superior to inserting entities purely based on an entity prominence score or word vector similarity.
Paraphrase Extraction with Neural Machine Translation

Neural machine translation is a recent and promising approach to solve machine translation problem. A major weakness of typical NMT systems is their inability to translate rare words that occur few times in the training corpus. One potential way to overcome this is through the use paraphrases of rare words, which the NMT system might be able to translate. In this work, we address the first step in the task extracting prospective paraphrases. We propose a method to extract paraphrases for a source language using its translation by an NMT system. We follow the process of bilingual pivoting across the source-target language pair for extracting paraphrases.
Metabolic and bariatric surgery: diabetes - a decade of discovery

© The Author(s) 2020. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, for any purpose, even commercially, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Metabolic and bariatric surgery: diabetes a decade of discovery
Complete genome sequence of the prototype lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis subsp cremoris MG1363

Lactococcus lactis is of great importance for the nutrition of hundreds of millions of people worldwide. This paper describes the genome sequence of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris MG1363, the lactococcal strain most intensively studied throughout the world. The 2,529,478-bp genome contains 81 pseudogenes and encodes 2,436 proteins. Of the 530 unique proteins, 47 belong to the COG (clusters of orthologous groups) functional category “carbohydrate metabolism and transport,” by far the largest category of novel proteins in comparison with L. lactis subsp. lactis IL1403. Nearly one-ﬁfth of the 71 insertion elements are concentrated in a speciﬁc 56-kb region. This integration hot-spot region carries genes that are typically associated with lactococcal domain were further screened for the presence of the following protein retention signals: a lipobox (for lipid attach- ment to the membrane), a prepilin motif (for the formation of [pseudo]pili, which would indicate that the protein remained anchored to the cell envelope), peptidoglycan- or choline-binding domains for noncovalent binding to the cell wall, and an LPXTG motif for covalent attachment to the cell wall mediated by sortase. Carbon utilization. L. lactis MG1363 and L. lactis IL1403 were tested on Biolog Phenotype MicroArray plates for carbon catabolism (7). Nucleotide genome sequence of (http://www.cebitec.uni-bielefeld.de/groups/brf/cooperations /LlactisMG1363.html) deposited EMBL/GenBank databases with the accession number
On the existence of stable and accurate neural networks for image reconstruction

Deep learning has emerged as a competitive new tool in image reconstruction. However, recent results demonstrate such methods are typically highly unstable tiny, almost undetectable perturbations cause severe artefacts in the reconstruction, a major concern in practice. This is paradoxical given the existence of stable state-of-the-art methods for these problems. Thus, approximation theoretical results nonconstructively imply the existence of stable and accurate neural networks. Hence the fundamental question: Can we explicitly construct/train stable and accurate neural networks for image reconstruction? We prove the answer is yes and construct such networks. Numerical examples of the competitive performance are also provided.
Sea Level Rise and Implications for Low-Lying Islands, Coasts and Communities Supplementary Material

Contributing Authors: Robbert Biesbroek (Netherlands), Maya K. Buchanan (USA), Ricardo Safra de Campos (UK), Gonéri Le Cozannet (France), Catia Domingues (Australia), Sönke Dangendorf (Germany), Petra Döll (Germany), Virginie K.E. Duvat (France), Tamsin Edwards (UK), Alexey Ekaykin (Russian Federation), Donald Forbes (Canada), James Ford (UK/Canada), Miguel D. Fortes (Philippines), Thomas Frederikse (Netherlands), Jean-Pierre Gattuso (France), Robert Kopp (USA), Erwin Lambert (Netherlands), Judy Lawrence (New Zealand), Andrew Mackintosh (Australia/New Zealand), Angélique Melet (France), Elizabeth McLeod (USA), Mark Merrifield (USA), Siddharth Narayan (USA), Robert J. Nicholls (UK), Fabrice Renaud (UK), Jonathan Simm (UK), AJ Smit (South Africa), Catherine Sutherland (South Africa), Nguyen Minh Tu (Vietnam), Jon Woodruff (USA), Poh Poh Wong (Singapore), Siyuan Xian (USA)
Metabolomic Profiling Of Serum Samples By 1H NMR Spectroscopy As A Novel Approach For Diagnosis Of Pediatric Septic Shock

SIRS/ICU controls (green) and healthy controls (blue). The sphere describes 95% confidence of the Hotelling’s T-squared distribution. Metabolic Profiling of Serum Samples by 1H NMR Spectroscopy as a Novel Approach for Diagnosis of Pediatric Septic Shock Beata Mickiewicz1, Hans J. Vogel1, Hector R. Wong2 and Brent W. Winston3 1Bio-NMR Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, AB, Canada, 2Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH, USA, 3Department of Critical Care Medicine, Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, AB, Canada.
Linguistic Analysis of Humor in Jordanian Arabic among Young Jordanians Facebookers

This study presents preliminary analysis from a sociopragmatic perspective of the speech act of humor in Jordanian Arabic as used by Jordanian Facebookers. The data of the current study was collected from Facebook status updates. A total of 1535 status updates were collated and classified according to their communicative functions. Of this number, 210 humorous messages matched Nastri et al.‘s (2006) description of humor and were analyzed to determine the pragmatic functions utilized in writing a humorous status update on Facebook in Arabic. The findings indicate that generally the Jordanians tend to be more serious and less humorous. In terms of gender differences, the findings reveal that female participants were less humorous than their male counterparts. These findings suggest that certain aspects of humor are more culturebound, as in masculine societies such as Jordan, women are perceived to be subordinate to men. Within these societies, men are supposed to be talkers, whereas women are expected to be listeners. The findings also highlight that the function of humor is governed by three pragmatic functions, namely, love, life and work. It was also found that female participants were more interested in posting hilarious romantic anecdotes, whereas male users were more concerned with discussing humorous daily life activities.
Population Aging, Implications for Asset Values, and Impact for Pension Plans: An international Study

This is the capstone paper from a multi-year research agenda entitled “Population Aging, Implications for Asset Values, and Impact for Pension Plans: An International Study. ” In this paper we: • Outline demographic-economic scenario generators (DESGs) for Canada, the UK, and the US based on the approach developed by Oberoi et al. (2020); • Identify the sensitivity of asset returns to demographic factors; and • Illustrate the impact of varying the demographic factors on the finances of pension plans in Canada, the UK, and the US. The pension plan risk measure that we analyze is based on the run-off of liabilities for current plan members. This is a very long-term measure. Our observations of the results are summarized as follows: • Asset returns in Canada are quite sensitive to variation in the future path of the demographic ratio; • Returns in the UK and the US are not very sensitive to variation in this ratio; • Similarly, variation in the future path of the demographic ratio has a material effect on the finances of the Canadian pension plan, but not for either of the UK or US pension plans; and • We model a portfolio of country-specific equities and bonds for each of the country-specific pension plans. The risk exposure in the Canadian pension plan to varying future demographic paths could be mitigated by employing a portfolio that includes non-Canadian assets. The bottom line is that the finances of Canadian pension plans are more exposed to the demographic effect on investment returns (older populations are associated with lower investment returns) than plans in the UK or the US. The reason for this is the differing paths of the demographic ratio in the three countries. In addition, Canadian pension plans may be exposed to the “double whammy” of any plan-specific longevity risk exposure.
Predictors of Cardiac Complications of Abdominal and Small Pelvic Surgery in Elderly and Senile Patients

In elderly and senile patients, extracardiac surgery frequently leads to cardiovascular complications. For their prevention, it is necessary to early detect patients with a potentially poor postoperative period. Routine preoperative examination is of limited prognostic value and instrumental techniques are inaccessible. Objective: to reveal the predictors of cardiac complications of abdominal and small pelvic surgery in elderly and senile patients. Subjects and methods. The study covered 82 patients (63 men and 19 women) aged over 60 years who had undergone at least one-hour open operations on the abdomen and small pelvis at the A. A. Vishnevsky Central Military Hospital Three in 2008—2011. In addition to routine procedures, the preoperative examination comprised the calculation of the Lee, Goldman, and Detsky scores and, in 35 patients, determination of NT-proBNP concentrations. Results. The logistic regression method applying the values routinely measured prior to surgery was used to make a cardiac complication-predicting model that included the Detsky index and blood glucose levels. Its dividing capacity proved to be satisfactory – AUC 0.75. Inclusion of echocardiographic data in the model failed to substantially improve its prognostic capacity. The cardiomarker NT-proBNP was the most effective predictor of postoperative complications. As its value became higher, there was an increase in the frequency of cardiac complications (p<0.001); AUC was 0.96. Conclusion. NT-proBNP is a highly effective predictor of postoperative complications in elderly and senile patients and may be included into preoperative screening. Key words: elderly and senile age, abdominal surgery, heart failure, surgery risk assessment, natriuretic peptides, Lee index, Goldman index, Detsky index, NT-proBNP.
Evaluation of spiral CT in gastric subarea and measuring gastric thickness

Objective:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of spiral CT imaging technique in gastric subarea and measuring gastric thickness.Methods:A study of 50 adults (with no gastric disease)underwent spiral scans.All adults were scanned with spiral CT and 28 adults underwent dual-phase contrast within one breathhold each.All spiral CT imaging was reviewed by two radiologists who were subareas and measured the gastric thickness.Results:All adults were correctly subarea and were measured gastric thickness of different district.Spiral CT can get well in detecting gastric structure,especially during arterial-phase.Conclusion:Spiral CT could not only be subarea from more planes and angles,but also be useful in measuring gastric thickness of different district.
Fluid resuscitation of severe acute pancreatitis with combining drug therapy

Objective To observe and evaluate the effect of VDF therapy(combining use of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130 /0.4,Dexamethasone and Furosemide) on the severe acute pancreatitis(SAP) during fluid resuscitation stage.Methods During January 2006 and May 2010,47 consecutive cases of SAP were admitted.They were randomly assigned to VDF therapy group(26 cases) and control group(21 cases). Patients in VDF therapy group were administered with Voluven,Dexamethasone and Furosemide,while Ringer's lactate was applied to the control group.Otherwise,the two group had the same therapeutic strategies.Results VDF group remarkably improved the systemic inflammatory response after 72h admission,as compared with the control group [△APACHEⅡscore(4.28±1.90) vs.(-1.00±2.87),P 0.01]. It had shorter time interval to reach the stable hemadynamic state [(4.54±1.62)h vs.(7.99±1.66)h,P 0.01] and total amount of fluid replacement within 72h after admission [(10780±1856)mL vs.(13845±2477)mL,P 0.01] than control group.The intestinal function recovered faster in VDF group than in control group [(4.00±1.74)d vs.(5.26±1.92)d,P 0.05]. Compared with control group,VDF therapy significantly decreased the ACS(3.8% vs.28.6%,P 0.05),time of hospital stay [(20.12±10.37)d vs.(29.4±15.6)d,P 0.05]and mortality(3.8% vs.23.8%,P 0.05). Although there were no statistical differences in complications and transfer to operation in the two group(P 0.05). Conclusion Combined use of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130 /0.4(Voluven),Dexamethasone and Furosemide could improve the severity and prognosis of SAP fast and effectively and decrease the mortality of SAP significantly.
Differential response of native Bacillus spp. from agricultural and forest soils in growth promotion of Amaranthus hypochondriacus

• Received: 23 December 2017 • Revised: 28 January 2018 • Accepted: 12 February 2018 • Published: 15 February 2018 • ABSTRACT Bacillus spp. has emerged as agriculturally important bacteria with its productive gears in plant growth and health promotion. In the present study, different bacilli from agricultural and forest soils were characterized and identified as plant growth promoting bacteria. The isolates from both eco-habitants showed differential responses influenced with their mechanistic traits. Agricultural soil isolates were found best with maximum IAA production (9.5 μg ml -1 ), phosphate solubilization (11.98 μg ml -1 ) and siderophore production. However, isolates of forest soil were potent antagonist of Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani. Results of drop assay using root exudates of amaranth revealed voracious root colonization ability of agricultural soil isolates. It was interesting that BS-58, the isolate of agricultural soil has shown significant outcomes in blotter paper and pot assay to enhance growth promotion of amaranth. This study reveals comparative assessment on growth promotion behaviors of agricultural and forest isolates and reported the suitability of the isolates from different eco-habitants with divergent activity.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF TORREFIED WOOD PELLET PRODUCTION Cases Rislog and Pursiala pilot plant

There is a clear demand for cutting the greenhouse gas emissions and increase the share of the renewable energy sources in energy production. Wood torrefaction, heat treatment method for refining the wood fuel enables the wood utilisation in existing coal-fired power plants. The method is relatively new in bioenergy production, but it enables the large-scale utilisation of wood-based fuels without significant technical investments. There is an initiative to build up a commercial scale torrefaction plant in Ristiina, Southern Savonia. The technology will be tested in advance in pilot scale, in which the raw material properties and end product suitability for current coal-fired power plants will be tested. The pilot plant will be built in Pursiala, Mikkeli. Both of these projects are run by Miktech Ltd. / Biosaimaa-cluster. The aim is to start building the pilot plant still in 2012, and the commercial scale plant is planned to be in operation in 2015. This study concentrates on the environmental impacts and environmental risk assessment of both of the plants. Neither of the plants existed at the time writing the study, and thus the environmental impacts are rather estimations. However, the probable equipment suppliers of the pilot plant have been consulted, as well as other experts and technology developers of the field. The equipment supplier of the commercial scale plant, “Rislog”, is not chosen yet, and thus the impact assessment is done on the basis of the expected impacts of the pilot plant. According to the environmental impact analysis, the environmental impacts of torrefaction plants are not intolerable, and when considering the big picture replacing fossil fuels by wood-based energy sources the total impacts are rather positive. Naturally there are some local impacts of the plants (noise nuisance, dusting, and occasionally malodorous gases), some emissions to air (CO, CO2, and NOx) and emissions of transportation. However, replacing coal by torrefied wood pellets, decreases the total CO2 emissions, decreases the demand of imported energy sources and enhances local economy.
ROBUST CONCEPTION OF AIRPORT-TERMINAL LAYOUTS Evaluation methodology based on future scenarios

Air transport industry has suffered a variety of changes over time due to external and internal factors. Because these factors behave in a way that is not always possible to predict, the planning and design of an airport terminal faces many uncertainties. Therefore, it is urgent to identify a methodology to evaluate what layout concepts for a terminal best adapt to uncertain future changes. To determine the robustness of the building, it is essential to identify the factors of change and their noise variables and to analyse air transport industries and various airport terminals. Through analysis of the past, present and future behaviour of air transport, it is possible to identify the factors of change and the noise variables that will lead to the definition of different future scenarios. The creation-process scenarios are the base to identify requirements and point of views for the evaluation of airport-terminal layout concepts.
Colonialism, African Worldview And Development In Edo Culture Of Nigeria

This paper examines the colonialism, African worldview and development in Edo culture of Nigeria. The thrust of the literature borders on the resultant effect colonialism has on the Edo culture. To achieve the objectives of the research, the writer adopts the historical, analytical comparative and phenomenological methodology. The writer discovers that the African culture in general and Edo culture in particular suffers some setback due to colonial interaction with the traditional values. Colonialism is the idea of one suppressing another in all aspects of life. It involves an overt and covert as well as subtle assertion of supremacy of the dominating people over the dominated, resulting to oppression and exploitation. This has been the case of the Edo nation as Africans. This literature opines that maintaining the African worldview, moral values, sense of communality, enhancement of indigenous language, most especially relationship with ancestors who are believed to be the custodian of ethical values would engender the necessary factor responsible for development in African. The paper concludes with recommendations that will enhance African worldview and enlighten the world-over the importance of these views as necessary instruments for progress in any society. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 07-03-2018 Date of acceptance: 23-03-2018 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------