Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic and genotypic structure of Phytophthora infestans populations on potato and tomato in France and Switzerland

A total of 134 isolates of Phytophthora infestans were collected from potato and 42 from tomato fields in Switzerland and France in 1996 and 1997, and compared with isolates from other countries. The structure of the populations was analysed phenotypically and genotypically, and associated to geographical, seasonal and host origin. Phenotype characteristics of the isolates included mating type; sensitivity to phenylamide fungicides; virulence on potato differentials; and pathogenic fitness. Genotypes were assessed for mitochondrial DNA haplotype with restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) as well as amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple sequence repeats or microsatellites (SSR). The majority (96%) of isolates originating from potato were the A1 mating type, whereas half the isolates collected from tomato were A2 mating type. Isolates with sensitive, intermediate and resistant responses to the phenylamide fungicide metalaxyl-M were detected in the populations. Isolates from potato represented races with highly complex virulence spectra, whereas those from tomato belonged to simple races. The pathogenic fitness of isolates was highest on the host of origin, and was significantly reduced for isolates from potato on tomato. One of the four haplotypes, Ia, dominated the population (93% of isolates). Among isolates collected from potato, 15 different SSR genotypes were detected of which two, A-03 and A-06, dominated the population. From tomato, 11 SSR genotypes were found of which four, A-03, B-03, D-03 and F-01, formed the major proportion of the population. Every ninth and fourth isolate from potato and tomato, respectively, represented a different SSR genotype. Four genotypes were isolated from both hosts, whereas 11 and seven genotypes, respectively, originated exclusively from either potato or tomato. The SSR genotype D-02, represented by the ‘old’ Ib haplotype, was still detected in a few isolates in the current population, and in older reference isolates from different countries. The SSR genotype was not associated with mating type or sensitivity to phenylamide fungicides. A total of 40 AFLP genotypes were distinguished among the isolates, every second isolate representing another genotype. The diverse phenotypic and genotypic structure of the current field populations in Europe suggests that they may have evolved from local processes including sexual recombination, host preference and selection rather than through long-distance migration.
Abstracts presented at the 24th Annual Congress of the Belgian Society of Internal Medicine, 13–14 December 2019, Dolce La Hulpe, La Hulpe, Belgium

s presented at the 24th Annual Congress of the Belgian Society of Internal Medicine, 13–14 December 2019, Dolce La Hulpe, La Hulpe, Belgium Oral Communication – Case Reports 24 IgA nephropathy associated with thrombotic microangiopathy and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Quentin Binet, Christian Miesse, Benoît Colinet, Selda Aydin, Jean-Philippe Lengelé, JeanFrançois Cambier, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Gilly, Belgium, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc,
Mate Location and Mating Behavior of Thymelicus lineola (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)

The behaviors involved in mate location, courtship, and mating are described for Thymelicus lineola (Ochsenheimer). Males emerge first and patrol in search of mates, spending >50% of their time in flight. Mate location appears to be primarily visual although males do not readily discriminate between sexes, approaching conspecific males as frequently as females. Both males and females have a typical refusal display, but males are persistent in their approaches, which could explain the occasional aggregation of males around a mating pair and the recovery of two male pairs “in copula. ” Male behavior is discussed in the context of maximizing mating success, given that T. lineola females generally mate only once and sex ratios are often strongly biased in favor of males.
Association patterns of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) off Point Lookout, Queensland, Australia

The social structure of animal communities is usually measured through interactions or associations of individuals within the community. However, investigating and identifying association patterns for large communities of social animals can be difficult, given the logistical difficulties of identifying a large number of individuals within a given area and time period. In this study, over 550 individuals were identified within a large community of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) sampled intensively during the winters of 1998 and 1999 off Point Lookout, Queensland, Australia. Association patterns within this community were analysed using the half-weight index of association, including seven criteria for selecting individuals for inclusion in the analysis. Selection criteria were based on the number of times an individual was sighted during the entire study period. Overall, the community showed a highly fluid association pattern, with only two selection criteria showing association patterns that differed significantly from random. This type of association pattern is commonly reported for large communities of cetaceans. However, without the inclusion of other population information such as estimates of the proportion of identifiable individuals in the community and of community size, it appears that association patterns for these large communities may not be accurately assessed.
Skull anatomy of Dakosaurus andiniensis (Thalattosuchia: Crocodylomorpha) and the phylogenetic position of Thalattosuchia

Synopsis New information on Dakosaurus andiniensis from the Latest Jurassic and Early Cretaceous is reported here. One of the specimens described herein consists of an almost complete skull and lower jaw found in the uppermost levels of the Vaca Muerta Formation (Tithonian) of Neuquén Province, Argentina. The new material allows a more complete understanding and diagnosis of this form, previously known only from the fragmentary type specimen. The new remains show that D. andiniensis had an unusual morphology for a marine crocodyliform,namely a remarkably short, high snout with ziphodont dentition. This new information allows testing of the phylogenetic relationships of this taxon, which is depicted as deeply nested within Metriorhynchidae, a clade of marine crocodyliforms with derived adaptations to the marine environment (e.g. paddle‐like forelimbs, hypertrophied nasal salt glands). In particular, D. andiniensis is inferred to be the sister taxon of D. maximus from the Jurassic of Europe. This relationship repeats the phylogenetic pattern seen in other Jurassic marine crocodyliforms from South America and Europe (e.g. Geosaurus), demonstrating the close faunal relationship between these two distant marine basins. The phylogenetic analysis reported here results in a most parsimonious hypothesis that depicts Thalattosuchia nested within Neosuchia and the strength and character evidence supporting this position is presented. In addition, several characters traditionally postulated as dependent upon the longirostrine morphology are critically examined under the light of new evidence. Most of them show a character state distribution that is not strictly compatible with that of the longirostrine condition and, therefore, are interpreted as independent units of phylogenetic evidence.
DISTRIBUTION OF FIDDLER CRABS IN GEORGIA SALT MARSHES

The study of the distribution of animals in nature is especially interesting when several species of one genus occupy the same general area. Along the east coast of the United States there are three species of fiddler crabs of the genus Uca which live in the salt marshes. All three are found in the marshes surrounding Sapelo Island, Georgia, and this paper deals with experiments concerning their distribution in these marshes. I deal with the problem of why the crabs live in certain habitats within their range and not in others, not what determines or has determined their geographical range. The three species of crabs are: Uca mtinax, the largest, generally associated with brackish water; CUca ptigilator, commonly known as the sand fiddler crab, and Uca. pitgnax, found generally throughout the salt marsh. Components of the environment which might be important in determining the distribution of these animals are substratum, food, salinity, exposure or tides, and other animals. The effects of these factors can be evaluated by answering the questions: W~hat is the substratum choice of the animals when other factors are constant? Does the presence of other species of fiddler crabs affect this choice? Can the three species survive in all types of salt marsh or are they restricted to certain types ? What are the salinity and temperature tolerances and salinity preferences of the species ? \Vlhat do the crabs feed on and how is this food distributed in the marsh? Adult animals were used in most of the experiments. It is true that choice of area for settling by the megalops larvae is important in the distribution of the adults; nevertheless, adult fiddler crabs can and do move considerable distances over the marsh and could easily move to an environment different from that chosen by the larvae.
A S URVEY P APER ON V ISUALIZATION T OOL OF S ERVER E VENTS &T IME L INE A NALYSIS

The aim of this study is to help the web designer and web administrator to improve the impressiveness of a website by determining occurred link connections on the website. Therefore, web logs ﬁles are pre-processed and then path analysis technique is used to investigate the URL information concerning access to electronic sources. The proposed methodology is applied to the web log ﬁles in the web server. The results and ﬁndings of this experimental study will be used by the forensic investigators for the investigative purpose. On the other side, the proposed timeline analysis can be used by the web designer in order to plan the upgrading and enhancement to the website.
REPRODUCTION IN POLEMONIUM: PATTERNS AND IMPLICATIONS OF FLORAL NECTAR PRODUCTION AND STANDING CROPS

Patterns of floral nectar production and standing crop were measured in four populations of the herbaceous perennial plant species Polemoniumfoliosissimum. Contrary to prediction (Pleasants, 1983), individual flowers in this mass-flowering species were found to produce equivalent nectar volumes every day of their lives. Alternative methods of increasing the reward variability presented to pollinators are evaluated for P. foliosissimum and the relationship between that variability and risk-aversive foraging by pollinators is discussed. Significant spatial and temporal variability in rate of nectar production was found. Populations separated by approximately 200 m exhibited different rates. Nectar production declined significantly as a function of time of the flowering season in two populations but not in a third. In spite of such variability, individual plants showed consistency in production both within a single blooming season and across successive seasons. Because of the variability found in the present study, care should be taken to design appropriate sampling protocols in future nectar studies. Patterns of standing nectar crop were consistent with those expected if pollinators were using an area-restricted searching pattern.
Occurrence and abundance of carcino-group bycatch in sea-bob shrimp, Xiphopenaeus kroyeri Heller (Crustacea, Decapoda) fishery, in Armação do Itapocoroy, Penha, Santa Catarina, Brazil

The trawl fishery is considered high predatory and damage substantially the bentonic community. The participation of crustaceans in the by-catch of sea-bob shrimp (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri Heller, 1862) is high. The present study aims to analyze the occurrence and the abundance of the group of crustaceans' by-catch of sea-bob shrimp, in the region of Armacao do Itapocoroy, Penha, Santa Catarina. The crustaceans were represented by 15 families, 22 genera and 28 species, the higher diversity occurred in 2000-2001 and the lowest in 1997-1998. The contribution of carcino-group in biomass was superior than X. kroyeri in all the samples, except in 2001-2002 when the highest values of sea-bob shrimp were recorded. The six years of samples indicates seasonal variations in the crustaceans group and in spring (2,4 ± 1,3 kg/h) was registered some increase in the biomass reaching the lowest values in winter (1,8 ± 1,3 kg/h).
Grey Wolf Optimizer-Based Approaches to Path Planning and Fuzzy Logic-based Tracking Control for Mobile Robots

This paper proposes two applications of Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithms to a path planning (PaPl) problem and a Proportional-Integral (PI)-fuzzy controller tuning problem. Both optimization problems solved by GWO algorithms are explained in detail. An off-line GWO-based PaPl approach for Nonholonomic Wheeled Mobile Robots (NWMRs) in static environments is proposed. Once the PaPl problem is solved resulting in the reference trajectory of the robots, the paper also suggests a GWO-based approach to tune cost-effective PI-fuzzy controllers in tracking control problem for NWMRs. The experimental results are demonstrated through simple multiagent settings conducted on the nRobotic platform developed at the Politehnica University of Timisoara, Romania, and they prove both the effectiveness of the two GWO-based approaches and major performance improvement.
The effects of vessel approaches on the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) in the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand

Animals that establish new sites near the edge of the species' range may be vulnerable to disturbance as they are low in numbers and are not tied to the sites. Pinniped distributions world-wide are changing as many species are recolonizing areas of their former ranges and establishing new colonies. Little research is available on the impact that vessel presence may pose on pinnipeds at such sites. This study documents responses of New Zealand fur seals to vessels in the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand, at a recently established breeding colony. Fur seal behavior at the breeding location was recorded in the presence of vessels. GLMM and GAM analyses revealed that fur seal responses varied with month, time of day, duration of vessel exposure, and the distance to the vessel. Age and sex of the seals, and the number of seals present also influenced fur seal response. Fur seals at this site became disturbed when vessels approached to the 10–20 m distance category, and a precautionary minimum approach distance of 50 m has been suggested. This research provides direction for monitoring and minimizing impacts of vessels on fur seals, especially where new sites are being colonized.
Coral disease, environmental drivers, and the balance between coral and microbial associates

across the globe, we are witnessing the decline of coral reef ecosystems. One relatively new factor contributing to this decline is the outbreak of destructive infectious diseases, especially on Caribbean reefs. As the Coral Disease Working Group of the Coral Reef Targeted Research Program, our research focuses on four priorities: (1) assessing the global prevalence of coral disease, (2) investigating the environmental drivers of disease, (3) identifying the pathogens that cause disease, and (4) evaluating the coral’s ability to resist disease. Monitoring has revealed new coral-disease syndromes at each of four Global Environmental Fund Centers of Excellence: the Caribbean, the Philippines, Australia, and East Africa. Over the last 20 years, drastic (> 50 percent) loss of coral cover has occurred on the Yucatan Peninsula, even in pristine areas. Global surveys have revealed significant levels of disease and disease outbreaks occurring not only in the Caribbean “hotspots,” but also in sites throughout the Pacific and Indian Oceans. By monitoring coral disease, we will create a baseline and long-term data set that can be used to test specific hypotheses about how climate and anthropogenic drivers, such as decreasing water quality, threaten coral reef sustainability. One such hypothesis is that high-temperature anomalies drive outbreaks of disease by hindering the coral’s ability to fi ght infection and by increasing the pathogens’ virulence. We observed recurrent outbreaks following the warm summer months of two of the most damaging diseases in the Caribbean. In addition, we found that coral disease in the Great Barrier Reef correlated with warm temperature anomalies. In the Caribbean and Mediterranean Seas, virulence of known coral pathogens and the normal coral flora changed during high-temperature periods. Other stresses such as high nutrients and sedimentation may similarly alter the balance between the coral and its resident microbial flora.
A Model to Evaluate the Organizational Readiness for Big Data Adoption

Evaluating organizational readiness for adopting new technologies always was an important issue for managers. This issue for complicated subjects such as Big Data is undeniable. Managers tend to adopt Big Data, with the best readiness. But this is not possible unless they can assess their readiness. In the present paper, we propose a model to evaluate the organizational readiness for Big Data adoption. To accomplish this objective, firstly, we identified the criteria that impact organizational readiness based on a comprehensive literature review. In the next step using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for criterion reduction and integration, twelve main criteria were identified. Then the hierarchical structure of criteria was developed. Further, Fuzzy Best- Worst Method (FBWM) has been used to identify the weight of the criteria. The finding enables decision-makers to appropriately choose the more important criteria and drop unimportant criteria in strengthening organizational readiness for Big Data adoption. Statistics-based hierarchical model and MCDM based criteria weighting have been proposed, which is a new effort in evaluating organizational readiness for Big Data adoption.
Inventario de la macro-fauna reclutada sobre sustrato artificial suspendido en bahía Concepción, Baja California Sur, México

Human settlements along the marine coastlines have brought with them anthropic pressures that affect the natural biota. To decrease the pressures caused by fisheries in Baja California Sur, the regional fisheries research center has begun marine farming of the spotted rose snapper (Lutjanus guttatus) in Bahia Concepcion. The placement of farming materials in the marine environment also acts as favorable substrate for the colonization and recruitment of many unwanted marine organisms. To evaluate the seasonal change of fauna recruiting onto farming materials, this study used the help of local fishermen to possibly expand fish farming in Bahia Concepcion. The biofouling assemblage that is later listed was obtained by submerging 3 modules of 4 oyster boxes each for a month; then all organisms were identified and counted, the modules were cleaned, and submerged again for the following month. This methodology was repeated during a year-round cycle, and by this means a total of 75 species were identified, out of which 14% had expanded their distribution. Moreover, a 42% Jaccard similarity was registered between the warm and cold season, which demonstrates a noticeable seasonal change in the biofouling assemblages.
Production of Candida utilis biomass as aquaculture feed

Fish offal-peat compost was hydrolysed and the resultant liquid extracts used as substrate in the cultivation of the yeast Candida utilis. The yeast was able to grow in this culture medium, attaining a growth yield of approximately 260 g biomass kg−1 total carbohydrate consumed. The biomass produced had a good amino acid composition, with a protein content of 520 g kg−1, and a relatively low lipid content. Dry yeast was used as a feed component in the diet of cultivated rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in which it substituted well for other, traditional sources of protein.
Nonspecific Protein−DNA Interactions: Complexation of α-Chymotrypsin with a Genomic DNA

In this contribution, we report studies on nonspecific protein−DNA interactions of an enzyme protein bovine pancreatic α-chymotrypsin (CHT) with genomic DNA (from salmon testes) using two biologically common fluorescent probes: 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate (ANS) and 2,6-p-toluidinonaphthalene sulfonate (TNS). TNS molecules that are nonspecifically bound to positively charged basic residues at the surface sites, not in the hydrophobic cavities of the protein, are preferentially displaced upon complexation of TNS-labeled CHT with DNA. The time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy of TNS molecules bound to hydrophobic cavities/clefts of CHT reveals that global tumbling motion of the protein is almost frozen in the protein−DNA complex. A control study on TNS-labeled human serum albumin (HSA) upon interaction with DNA clearly indicates that the ligands in the deep pockets of the protein cannot be displaced by interaction with DNA. We have also found that ANS, which binds to a specific surface site of CHT, is .
Taxi Wings, a New Useful III Chromosome Mutant in Drosophila melanogaster

1. Taxi wings is a new III chromosome monohybrid recessive similar in appearance to spread and to Dicheate. 2. Its viability is slightly lower than the viability of comparable, normal-winged flies. 3. Taxi is hypostatic to vestigial, curved and clip, three II chromosome recessives. 4. The locus of the gene for taxi is approximately 91.0, very near to the locus of the gene for rough eyes. 5. Taxi supplies a good marker for the right end of the III chromosome and can be used as an alternate for rough.
C-Terminal Truncation of α-Crystallin in Hereditary Cataractous Rat Lens

C-Terminal truncated α-crystallins have been found in lenses of hereditary cataractous rat ICR/f, including two truncated αB-crystallins and several truncated αA-crystallins. These truncated crystallins probably resulted from degradation by m-calpain and Lp82. The αB-crystallin with five amino acid residues deleted showed decreased chaperone activity. Compared with α-crystallins from the normal rat lenses, overall chaperone activity of α-crystallins from the mutant lenses, including the above truncated αB-crystallin, was remarkably reduced. The decreased chaperone activity accompanying the increase in C-terminal truncated α-crystallins may cause the insolubilization of many proteins in the mutant lenses, which it is likely to lead to the progression of cataract formation.
The Red Queen Beats the Jack-Of-All-Trades: The Limitations on the Evolution of Phenotypic Plasticity and Niche Breadth

The evolution of niche breadth or phenotypic plasticity is often assumed to be limited by negative genetic correlations among fitness in different environments, but these trade-offs are rarely observed. Many other constraints can reduce the mean niche breadth of species. This article discusses one of these limitations-that species with broader niche breadths can have a slower rate of evolutionary response. Species with narrower niche breadths have higher probabilities of fixing beneficial alleles, taking less time to do so; they have fewer deleterious alleles drifting to fixation (a lighter drift load) and a lower frequency of deleterious alleles at mutation-selection equilibrium (a lighter mutation load). These patterns are true even with no correlation at all between fitness in different environments; no trade-offs are assumed. Furthermore, niche breadth is likely to evolve to be more narrow, because of the association between location and alleles favored in local habitats for individuals with reduced migration, assortative mating, or habitat selection. The evolution of niche breadth and plasticity is not a simple function of the fitness in different environments; understanding niche breadth evolution requires consideration of the limitations of the evolutionary process per se.