Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Use of Microbial Biotechnology in Value Addition to Cassava Wastes as Feed for Pigs: Prospects and Challenges

Cassava peels were fermented through a combination of two lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus coryneformis and Lactobacillus delbrueckii) and a fungus (Aspergillus fumigatus) using solid substrate fermentation (SSF) technique for five consecutive days. The enhanced product designated as microbially fermented cassava peel (MFCP) was used at graded levels in the feed formulation for growing pigs. Four iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diets were formulated with MFCP at 0% (T1), 20% (T2), 40% (T3) and 60% (T4) inclusion levels. Twenty-four boarlings of an average initial weight of 37.15 kg were used in a fourteen-week trial to test the effect of these graded levels of MFCP on growth performance, digestive and reproductive physiology of the experimental animals. The result showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in mean daily feed consumption. Pigs in T3 had the highest feed intake (2.24 ± 0.05 kg), while pigs in T4 had the lowest (1.78 ± 0.04 kg). The final highest live weight was in T3 (72.00 kg) and the least in T4 (58.17 kg). The feed conversion ratios also showed significant differences (P < 0.05) among treatment means. The result obtained from gut morphometry showed that animals in T1 had the highest stomach weight (full and empty), while animals in T3 had the least rate of gastric emptying (81.50%). Animals in T3 and T4 had the longest small intestine (16.21 m and 15.35 m, respectively), while those in T4 had the longest colon (4.24 m). Animals in T1 and T2 had more numbers of gastric glands, while animals in T3 and T4 had more parietal cells. The reproductive indices revealed that animals in T1 were better in terms of the weight and relative weight of vesicular and Cowper’s gland, while animals in T4 had the highest value of the weight and relative weight of prostate gland. Proximate analyses of the ileal digesta revealed that the rate of nutrient absorption was highest in T3 and T1 and lowest in T4. Histological examination of the testes revealed normal testicular architecture in the control diet. The testes of animals fed 0%, 20% and 40% MFCP diets exhibited normal and intact lumen, Sertoli cells, and germ cells. However, animal fed 60% MFCP diet revealed massive disruption and degeneration of germinal epithelium, and complete erosion of the seminiferous tubules. It could be concluded that feeding pigs at 40% MFCP would enhance feed consumption, nutrient absorption and improve the growth rate of pigs. Using MFCP beyond 40% level on swine diet could compromise gut health through diarrhoeagenic disposition of the digesta in the distal colon and modification of the parietal and chief cells of the gastric glands. The hypertrophy of the prostate gland and vacuolization of the seminiferous tubules of pigs fed the 60% MFCP diet indicated a probable reduced reproductive performance.
Genetic variations of Lansium domesticum Corr. accessions from Java, Sumatra and Ceram based on Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA fingerprints

Yulita KS (2011) Genetic variations of Lansium domesticum Corr. accessions from Java, Bengkulu and Ceram based on Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA fingerprints. Biodiversitas 12: 125-130. Duku (Lansium domesticum Corr.) is one of popular tropical fruits in SE Asia. The species has three varieties, known as duku, langsat and kokosan; and duku is the most popular one for being the sweeties fruit. Indonesia has several local varieties of duku, such as duku Condet, duku Sumber and duku Palembang. This present study aimed toassess genetic diversity of 47 accessions of duku from Java, Sumatra, and Ceram based on RAPD fingerprints. Ten RAPD’s primers were initially screened and five were selected for the analysis. These five primers (OPA 7, 13, 18, OPB 7, and OPN 12) generated 53 scorable bands with an average of 10.6 polymorphic fragments per primer. Percentage of polymorphism ranged from 16.89% (OPA 7 and OPN 12) to 24.54% (OPB 7) with an average of 20.16% polymorphism. OPB 7 at 450 bp was exclusively possessed by accession 20 (Java), OPA 18 at 500 bp was by accession 6 (Java), 550 bp by 3 clones from Bengkulu. While OPN 12 at 300 bp and OPA 13 at 450 bp were shared among the accessions. Clustering analysis was performed based on RAPD profiles using the UPGMA method. The range of genetic similarity value among accessions was 0.02-0.65 suggesting high variation of gene pool existed among accessions.Key words: Lansium domesticum, duku, RAPD, genetic variation.
Hyperinflation, disinflation, deflation, etc.: A unified and micro-founded explanation for inflation

In this paper, I present a unified and micro-founded explanation for various types of inflation without assuming ad hoc frictions or irrationality. The explanation is similar to the conventional inflation theory in the sense that an independent central bank can control inflation and also similar to the fiscal theory of the price level in the sense that a source of inflation lies in the behavior of government. Inflation accelerates or decelerates through the simultaneous optimization of a government and the representative household if their time preference rates are heterogeneous. This inflation acceleration mechanism will be prevented from working if a central bank is truly independent.
The effects of specific preliminary exercises on the quality of knowledge and execution success of judo techniques

The aim of this research was to determine the effects that specific preliminary exercises have on the quality of knowledge and the performance techniques in judo. The quality with which the techniques were performed was studied for ten techniques. The research was carried out on a sample 224 students, all from the Internal Affairs High School in Sremska Kamenica, who, during the 2003/04 school year, had three judo classes a week. The basic problem that arises in learning judo techniques is that the qualitative characteristics of movement, self-movement and movement used to exemplify the learned techniques should be improved at the same time the techniques are being acquired. The experimental factor, consisting of 50 special preliminary exercises, was used on the experimental group. The control group studied judo techniques in the standard (traditional) manner. The experiment lasted for the duration of one school year. The qualitative characteristics of the presented techniques were evaluated by five experts. The results of this research have indicated that the application of specific preliminary exercises affected the process of determining the significant statistical difference in the quality of movement and motion in five of the ten studied judo techniques. At the end of the experiment, the execution of five techniques on the part of the subjects of the experimental group was given a better evaluation in comparison to the execution of the techniques on the part of the subjects of the control group. This in turn proved the effect of the experimental factor, the specific preliminary exercises.
Cognitive Performance as a Function of Sleep Disturbance in the Postpartum Period

New mothers often complain of impaired cognitive functioning, and it is well documented that women experience a significant increase in sleep disturbance after the birth of a child. Sleep disturbance has been linked to impaired cognitive performance in several populations, including commercial truck drivers, airline pilots, and medical residents, though this relationship has rarely been studied in postpartum women. In the present study 13 pregnant women and a group of 22 non-pregnant controls completed one week of actigraphy followed by a battery of neuropsychological tests and questionnaires in the last month of pregnancy (Time 1) and again at four weeks postpartum (Time 2). Pregnant women experienced significantly more objective and subjective sleep disturbance than the control group at both time points. They also demonstrated more impairment in objective, but not subjective cognitive functioning. Preliminary analyses indicated increased objective sleep fragmentation from Time 1 to Time 2 predicted decreased objective cognitive performance from Time 1 to Time 2, though small sample size limited the power of these findings. Implications for perinatal women and need for future research were discussed.
KELAYAKAN REKAYASA TAMBAK SILVOFISHERY DI KECAMATAN BLANAKAN KABUPATEN SUBANG PROVINSI JAWA BARAT

Di Indonesia, silvofishery diharapkan dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif terbaik untuk mencapai pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove dan tambak ekstensif secara optimal dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi status kelayakan rekayasa tambak silvofishery di Desa Jayamukti Kecamatan Blanakan Kabupaten Subang Provinsi Jawa Barat. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan menerapkan metode survai tingkat detail yang berbasis sistem informasi geografis (SIG) dan memanfaatkan citra satelit worldview-2. Survai lapang meliputi pengambilan contoh tanah, pengukuran elevasi lahan tambak, pengukuran pasang surut, dan pengukuran kualitas air secara insitu. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa kondisi rekayasa tambak eksisting dapat berpengaruh langsung maupun tidak langsung pada produktivitas dan keberlanjutan tambak silvofishery di lokasi studi. Ketidaksesuaian lebar dan kedalaman saluran dengan kondisi tunggang pasut lokal (< 1 m) menyebabkan tidak efektifnya fungsi saluran dalam menyediakan kuantitas dan kualitas air yang optimal untuk kegiatan budidaya. Selanjutnya penelitian ini juga menemukan ketinggian pematang primer dan sekunder eksisting umumnya lebih rendah dibandingkan ketinggian pematang ideal dengan selisih rata-rata masing-masing -0,68 m hingga -0,56 m. Nilai salinitas air dengan kisaran 7-65 ppt juga merupakan faktor pembatas utama produktivitas lahan. Nilai salinitas air tambak yang tinggi berkaitan erat dengan variasi spasial elevasi dasar tambak dan penurunan efektivitas fungsi saluran tambak akibat sedimentasi. Jika faktor pembatas lingkungan dan ketidaksesuaian rekayasa tambak tersebut tidak ditangani dengan baik tentunya akan mengancam keberlanjutan kegiatan budidaya berbasis silvofishery di lokasi penelitian.
Dynamical mechanisms controlling the vertical redistribution of dust and the thermodynamic structure of the West Saharan atmospheric boundary layer during summer

The Saharan atmospheric boundary layer (SABL) plays a significant role in the atmospheric global circulation and directly affects the vertical redistribution of dust originated in the Sahara, the world's largest dust source. Recent measurements have revealed a variety of new dynamical mechanisms that control the structure of the SABL, which are responsible for exchange between the Saharan convective and residual boundary layers. Using new space‐borne laser remote sensing data (CALIPSO) and recently published results, we provide an overview of the following known dynamical mechanisms: diurnal vertical mixing, dynamical lifting (density currents and cold air outbreaks) and topographic effects (mountains and albedo anomalies). Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Differential diagnosis between fibromyalgia syndrome and myofascial pain syndrome

Introduction. Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) and myofascial pain syndrome (MFPS) can be ranked among disease entities being difficult to diagnose clinically, manifesting themselves mainly through pain in specific hypersensitivity points. Aim. To present the current state of medical knowledge about pain spots appearing on hypersensitive points of soft tissue in the context of selected disease entities. Summary of the knowledge. MFPS is defined as sensory, motor and autonomic complaints, caused by the occurrence of trigger points (TrP). Yet the FMS is stated during the anamnesis on the basis of generalized pain, and pressure achiness of at least 11 out of 18 tender points (TP) of precisely determined location. Patients with FMS report numerous additional complaints – apart from the above mentioned ones; these are however highly non-specific and are not confirmed during routine medical check-ups. There are also no laboratory tests that can confirm presence of TrP being characteristic to MFPS and differentiating it from other muscles’ disease entities. Such points are identified only with the use of palpation. Unfortunately while examining a patient this way TrP – being symptoms of MFPS – can be quite easily confused with TP – being symptoms of FMS. Patients with MFPS which is developing in consequence of long-lasting global disorder of muscle tension balance and sensitivity of nociceptors as a result of chronically remaining pain, frequently suffer from achiness fulfilling the criteria of generalized pain. Moreover – in effect of static overload of soft tissues (especially of tonic muscles) – there occur hypersensitive palpable areas (points). Stimulating them cause lively reaction of the patient. Described symptoms can suggest a suspicion of FMS – the more so that making a diagnosis of MFPS does not exclude its coexistence. Having this in mind, there is a pretty large group of authors who raise a supposition that the differential diagnosis between TrP and TP should be observed in the quantitative rather than in the qualitative categories, despite the still binding definition and nomenclature. Recapitulation. Looking at the MFPS and at the FMS from the perspective of evolution of knowledge about them and from the point of view of period when scientific researches were conducted and their results published, it must be stated that during last years a considerable progress has been obtained in scope of better understanding of pathogenesis and pathophysiology of pain in specified points of soft tissue hypersensitivity, and the parallel clinical studies – confirming the hypotheses that were made – clearly increased the diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities of clinical practice.
Factors Affecting the Competitive Advantage for the Marketing of Educational Services in Jordanian Universities: Case of Zarqa University

The study aims at determining the competitive advantage impact on marketing Jordanian universities based on the different dimensions of the study (Gender, level of the student, specialization, methods of payment of university fees, and nationality). The population of the study on the Zarqa University students is totally 200. A stratified proportional-random sample is selected in order to answer the questions posed in the questionnaire. Data have been processed and analyzed through the use of “SPSS” program in order to obtain means, standard deviations, and percentages for the demographic characteristics of the sample. Moreover, the questionnaire included two parts (1) demographic variables (22 items) by (Mazzarol & Soutar, 2012), and (2) competitive advantage (5 items) by (Barney, 1991; Hamel & Prahalad, 1994). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is conducted to test if there are any statistical evidences of the existence of the difference between participants to the independent variables. The study revealed that there are strong significant statistical evidences between the impacts of competitive advantage on marketing Jordanian universities. These differences were due to the following factors: gender of the student, level of the student, specialty of the student, nationality of the student and methods of payment.
STABILITY INDICATING HPLC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF VILAZODONE HYDROCHLORIDE

Objective: The aim and objective of this study was to develop and validate Stability Indicating HPLC method for determination of Vilazodone Hydrochloride. Methods: The method was carried out on a Phenomenex, C 18 (250x4.6 mm, 5 µm) Column using a mixture of Acetonitrile: Water (50:50v/v), pH adjusted to 3.3 with Glacial Acetic Acid for separation. The flow rate was adjusted at 1 ml/min and Detection was carried out at 240 nm. Results: The retention time of vilazodone hydrochloride was found to be 2.3 min. The calibration curve was found to be linear in the range 25-75µg/ml with a correlation coefficient (R 2 =0.996). The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were found to be 4.78µg/ml and 14. 48µg/ml respectively. The % recovery of vilazodone hydrochloride was found to be in the range of 98.21±0.08 % to 99.07±0.64%. The proposed method was successfully applied for the estimation of vilazodone hydrochloride in marketed tablet formulation. Vilazodone Hydrochloride was subjected to forced degradation under Acidic, Alkaline, Oxidation, Dry Heat and Photolytic degradation conditions. Vilazodone hydrochloride showed 3.12% degradation under acidic condition, 4.78% under alkaline condition, 7.8% under oxidation condition, 3.53% under dry heat condition and 4.9% under photolytic condition. Acid degradation impurity was identified and characterised by LC-MS/MS was found to be 1-(4-Penten-1-yl) piperazine having molecular weight 154.253 (m/z 155.08) and Molecular Formula C 9 H 18 N 2. Conclusion: A simple, precise, rapid and accurate Stability Indicating HPLC method has been developed and validated for the determination of Vilazodone Hydrochloride in presence of its degradation products as per the ICH Guidelines.
The social construction of gender in the superintendency

The public school superintendency in the United States is overwhelmingly socially constructed as masculine even though the educator workforce from which superintendents are drawn is 75% female. Predictably, those who teach, research and write about the superintendency in the US, again overwhelmingly male, have largely reinforced the sexist gendering of this critical leadership position. In contrast, this study explores how three women superintendents engaged, in a complex fashion, the gendered social construction of the super intendency as they conducted the daily work of leading school districts in the state of Texas. This study also verifies for feminists in other national contexts the critical need for feminist research to be conducted in a wide variety of national contexts, especially because the feminist work of one specific context may be very different than that of another. The study ends with recommendations that fit Texas and the US at the beginning of the 21st century.
A Note on the Use of Debt by Venture Capital Backed Firms

Much of the current research regarding the venture capitalist examines samples of venture capital (VC) backed firms rather than the venture capitalist itself. While VC backed firms may represent the most reasonable proxy available for the study of the venture capitalist, consideration of firm-specific characteristics may need to be included to mitigate biased conclusions. Controlling for the determinants of capital structure, we examine the persistence of previously noted differences in capital structure choice and find that VC backing does not systematically alter the use of debt by firms. These results suggest that not controlling for firm specific differences when contrasting VC and non-VC backed firms may lead to inaccurate conclusions in venture capital research.
Hydrolyzed collagen interferes with in vitro photoprotective effectiveness of sunscreens

The chronological skin aging is a progressive and natural process with genetic and physiological changes. However, ultraviolet (UV) radiation may accelerate the oxidative stress, generating carcinogenesis and photoaging. Natural compounds and their applications are considered a trend in the cosmetic market. The protein-based film-forming compounds play an important role, once it collaborates for the better distribution of sunscreens on the skin. Here we investigated the in vitro photoprotective effectiveness of sunscreens containing the hydrolyzed collagen associated with UVA, UVB and/or inorganic filters. Sunscreens were developed with octocrylene (7.5%), butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (avobenzone) (3.0%) and/or titanium dioxide (5.0%), associated or not with the hydrolyzed collagen (3.0%). In vitro photoprotective effectiveness was determined in a Labsphere(r) UV2000S by the establishment of the sun protection factor (SPF) and critical wavelength (nm) values. Physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics were also assayed. The hydrolyzed collagen subjectively improved the formulation sensory characteristics. However, this bioactive compound led to a decrease of the SPF values of the photoprotective formulations containing octocrylene alone and octocrylene + butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane + TiO2. This inadequate interaction may be considered during the development of new sunscreens intended to contain protein-based components.
Direct Measurement of Extension and Force in Conductive Polymer Gel Actuators

The synthesis of a polythiophene-based conductive polymer gel is described. Preliminary measurements of the electrochemically driven extension and force response of this gel are reported when driven under the action of an applied square-wave potential. Over each square wave interval (i.e., one oxidation pulse followed by one reduction pulse), the axial change in dimension was found to be approximately 2%. Some hysteresis was noted in that the cylindrical specimens did not return to their original axial dimension. The axial pressure generated by the expansion of the gel against a fixed surface was also measured and found to be on the order of 15 kPa.
Effect of Tillage Practices on Root Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) Associated with Maize (Zea Mays)

An investigation was carried out at Nyankapala in the Northern Region which lies within the interior Guinea Savanna Zone of Ghana to assess the effect of disc ploughing, manual ridging and zero tillage systems on root knot nematodes and yield of maize. The trial was conducted in the 2012 major season. The Randomized Complete Block design with four replications was employed in the study. The tillage practices included manual ridging, disc ploughed and zero tillage. Results from the study indicated that disc ploughed plots were able to reduce root knot nematodes population under maize by 96% compared to zero tillage. Similarly, root galls observed were significantly (p<0.05) lower when the field was ploughed compared to zero tillage. However, maize planted under a zero tillage system recorded a higher grain yield compared to manual ridging and disc ploughing. Whilst the yield under zero tillage system was 48% higher than manual ridging, it was only 35% higher than disc ploughing. Keywords— Tillage practices, root knot nematodes, infection, maize _________________________________________________________________________________
Highlighting the role of Requirement Engineering and User Experience Design in Product Development Life Cycle

Product Development Life Cycle (PDLC) has been evolving from last decade from side to side unremitting progression of finest practices, process models and advance life cycles. Already present development models like rational unified process, waterfall model and spiral model have facilitated the people, who are being practicing the new models, to incalculably make their products better on the competence and effectiveness. Nevertheless, there is a need to quantify the product quality with the factors that are away from any traditional criterion like maintainability, reliability and the rest. Accomplishing a product that is technically strong only contributes a little part in sensational product market situation, but to what extent the product fulfills the major needs of the users reveals the real success of the product. Requirement Engineering (RE) and User Experience Design (UED) together make available the comprehended user requirements to product development team for successful implementation of product and further help the development team to resolve any problem that takes place. The paper emphasizes on the role of RE and UED during PDLC and discusses the challenges that comes out after coalition of RE and UED in product development. In the closing section some points are listed for determining these challenges.