Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Seeding Depth and Flooding Duration on the Emergence of Some Rainy Season Weeds

Screen house studies were carried out under controlled conditions during the rainy seasons of 2006 and 2007 at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to evaluate the influence of seeding depth and flooding duration on the emergence of Ammania baccifera, Cyperus alutatus, C. arenarius, C. difformis, C. iria and Scirpus roylei. Seeding depths of 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 cm and flooding durations of 0, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 days were maintained with four replicated pots. Maximum emergence was recorded from 0.5 cm and surface (0 cm) which decreased by 44 and 80% at 1 and 2 cm depths compared to 0.5 cm depth and no emergence was recorded from 4 cm or higher depths, data averaged over species. Emergence of S. roylei was 80% at 0.5 cm and decreased by 9 and 46% at 1 and 2 cm depths, whereas 63% lower emergence was recorded from 0 cm depth, respectively. Emergence of A. baccifera, C. difformis and C. iria was similar from 0 and 0.5 cm but decreased significantly with increasing depths, whereas C. arenarius and C. alutatus recorded 20 and 10% lower emergence, respectively, from 0.5 cm compared to surface placed seeds and no emergence was recorded from 2 cm depth. However, 43, 27 and 15% emergence was recorded for S. roylei, A. baccifera and C. iria from 2 cm depth, respectively. Flooding caused significant reduction in the emergence of C. arenarius and C. alutatus, but had no adverse effect on S. roylei. Flooding encouraged emergence of C. difformis and C. iria as higher emergence was observed with increasing flooding period from 0 to 16 days (d), whereas 16 d flooding caused 100% reduction in the emergence of C. arenarius. Conversely, S. roylei emergence inhibited without flooding and flooding duration of 16 d or more resulted in >90% emergence. Increased flooding duration was positively correlated with the emergence and growth of all species except C. arenarius and C. alutatus. A flooding duration of 64 d reduced emergence of C. difformis and C. iria, but still it was similar to no flooding and their growth was more compared to lower flooding durations. Similarly, A. baccifera emergence was 18% lower with 64 d flooding compared to no flooding, but had no adverse effect on plant growth and no inhibition in emergence was observed in S. roylei with 64 d flooding. The results indicate susceptibility of C. arenarius and to a lower extent of C. alutatus to flooding, but emergence and growth of other Cyperus spp. , S. roylei and A. baccifera was stimulated by water. The test species behaved differently to moisture levels and seeding depths and this information can be used under different conditions using tillage operations and water management for lowering their menace.
Research Progress of Herbal Medicines on Drug Metabolizing Enzymes: Consideration Based on Toxicology.

The clinical application of herbal medicines is increasing, but there is still a lack of comprehensive safety data and in-depth research into mechanisms of action.The composition of herbal medicines is complex, with each herb containing a variety of chemical components. Each of these components may affect the activity of metabolizing enzymes, which may lead to herb-drug interactions. It has been reported that the combined use of herbs and drugs can produce some unexpected interactions. Therefore, we have reviewed the progress of research on safety issues caused by the effects of herbs on metabolizing enzymes with reference to six categories of drugs, including antithrombotic drugs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antidiabetic drugs, statins lipid-lowering drugs, immuno suppressants and antineo plastic drugs. Under-standing the effects of herbs on the activity of metabolizing enzymes can avoid the toxicity and adverse drug reactions resulting from the co-administration of herbs and drugs, and help doctors to reduce the risk of prescription incompatibility.
Successful management of late coronary aneurysm after bare metal stent implantation: An insidious threat

Koroner arter anevrizmalari (KAA) gelisimi, stent implantasyonu sonrasi nadir gorulen bir komplikasyondur, ozellikle de ilac salinimli stentlerle karsilastirildiginda ciplak metal stentlerden (CMS) sonra cok nadir gorulur. 55 yasinda bir hastanin BMS implantasyonundan 8 aylik bir sure sonra gelisen in-stent KAA ait bir vaka sunulmustur. Bu KAA perkutan olarak tedavi edilmis olup, bu tedaviden 10 ay sonra yapilan kontrol koroner anjiyografi ve klinik takiplerde her hangi bir sorun ya da sikayet kalmadigi gorulmustur.
Interpersonal Violence Victimization Among High School Students — Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 2019

Adolescent interpersonal violence victimization is an adverse childhood experience and a serious public health problem for youths, their families, and communities. Violence victimization includes dating violence, sexual violence, and bullying. Youth Risk Behavior Survey data for 2019 were used to examine physical and sexual dating violence; sexual violence by anyone; and bullying victimization, whether on school property or electronic, of U.S. high school students by sex, race/ethnicity, and sexual identity. In addition, this report explores frequency of dating violence and frequency of sexual violence among students who reported these forms of victimization and presents composites of dating violence and bullying. Findings reveal that 8.2% of students reported physical dating violence; 8.2% reported sexual dating violence; 10.8% reported sexual violence by anyone, of which 50% of cases were by a perpetrator other than a dating partner; 19.5% reported bullying on school property; and 15.7% reported electronic bullying victimization during the previous 12 months. Approximately one in eight students reported any dating violence, and one in four reported any bullying victimization. Female students; lesbian, gay, and bisexual students; and students not sure of their sexual identity reported the highest prevalence estimates across all five violence victimization types, any and both forms of dating violence, and any bullying victimization. Non-Hispanic white students reported the highest prevalence of bullying victimization. Among students experiencing physical or sexual dating violence or sexual violence by anyone, the most common frequency reported was one time during the previous year; higher frequency was more prevalent among male students compared with female students. These findings provide a contextual understanding of the prevalence of interpersonal violence of U.S. high school students, highlighting those with highest prevalence. Findings can be used by public health professionals to guide prevention efforts with youths in schools and communities.
Impact of obesity on surgical and oncologic outcomes in patients with endometrial cancer treated with a robotic approach

The surgical treatment of endometrial cancer (EC) can be more complicated in obese patients. Robotic surgery could simplify the surgical approach in these patients. The aim of our study was to compare the outcomes of robotic surgery in obese (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) and nonobese patients.
A practical method to remove perfluorooctanoic acid from aqueous media using layer double hydride system: a prospect for environmental remediation

ABSTRACT Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is an organic compound that is persistent and very toxic to living organisms and the environment. In this study, two kinds of Mg-Al-layered double hydroxides (namely LDH-1 and 2) were synthesized using hydrothermal and dry grinding methods and used to adsorb PFOA from aqueous solution. The kinetic study revealed that a pseudo-2nd order model was the best method for describing the kinetics of sorption, which could emphasize the chemical interaction between PFOAs and LDHs. Among the models tested, the Freundlich model was the best fit for the sorption isotherms. The removal rates of PFOA adsorption by LDH-1 and LDH-2 were 90% and 98.9%, respectively, in the lowest time compared with similar past studies using different adsorbents. The currently synthesized LDHs showed the least equilibrium time, without thermal treatment and the need for activation. The research bears prospects for removing PFOA from aqueous media, thereby demonstrating the potential of employing synthesized LDHs in a fixed-bed filter for the environmental remediation of PFOA-contaminated wastewater bodies. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Agonist-induced formation of unproductive receptor-G12 complexes

Significance G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are targeted by a large fraction of approved drugs and regulate many important cellular processes. Association of GPCRs with heterotrimeric G proteins in response to agonist activation is thought to invariably lead to G protein activation. We find instead that G12 heterotrimers can associate with agonist-bound receptors in a manner that does not lead to activation. These unproductive agonist–receptor-G protein ternary complexes sequester G12 heterotrimers and thus inhibit rather than support G12 signaling. These findings reveal a mechanism whereby agonist activation of GPCRs can inhibit as well as promote G protein signaling. G proteins are activated when they associate with G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), often in response to agonist-mediated receptor activation. It is generally thought that agonist-induced receptor-G protein association necessarily promotes G protein activation and, conversely, that activated GPCRs do not interact with G proteins that they do not activate. Here we show that GPCRs can form agonist-dependent complexes with G proteins that they do not activate. Using cell-based bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) and luminescence assays we find that vasopressin V2 receptors (V2R) associate with both Gs and G12 heterotrimers when stimulated with the agonist arginine vasopressin (AVP). However, unlike V2R-Gs complexes, V2R-G12 complexes are not destabilized by guanine nucleotides and do not promote G12 activation. Activating V2R does not lead to signaling responses downstream of G12 activation, but instead inhibits basal G12-mediated signaling, presumably by sequestering G12 heterotrimers. Overexpressing G12 inhibits G protein receptor kinase (GRK) and arrestin recruitment to V2R and receptor internalization. Formyl peptide (FPR1 and FPR2) and Smoothened (Smo) receptors also form complexes with G12 that are insensitive to nucleotides, suggesting that unproductive GPCR-G12 complexes are not unique to V2R. These results indicate that agonist-dependent receptor-G protein association does not always lead to G protein activation and may in fact inhibit G protein activation.
Uncovering targeting priority to yeast peroxisomes using an in-cell competition assay

Significance Half of eukaryotic proteins reside in organelles to which they are directed by dedicated targeting pathways, each recognizing unique targeting signals. Multiple proteins compete for any targeting pathway and might have different priority of reaching an organelle. However, the proteins with targeting priority, and the mechanisms underlying it, have not been explored. We developed a systematic tool to study targeting priority. We expressed a competitor protein and examined how it affects the localization of all other proteins targeted by the same pathway. We found several proteins with high targeting priority, dissected the mechanism of priority, and suggest that priority is governed by different parameters. This approach can be modified to study targeting priority in various organelles, cell types, and organisms. Approximately half of eukaryotic proteins reside in organelles. To reach their correct destination, such proteins harbor targeting signals recognized by dedicated targeting pathways. It has been shown that differences in targeting signals alter the efficiency in which proteins are recognized and targeted. Since multiple proteins compete for any single pathway, such differences can affect the priority for which a protein is catered. However, to date the entire repertoire of proteins with targeting priority, and the mechanisms underlying it, have not been explored for any pathway. Here we developed a systematic tool to study targeting priority and used the Pex5-mediated targeting to yeast peroxisomes as a model. We titrated Pex5 out by expressing high levels of a Pex5-cargo protein and examined how the localization of each peroxisomal protein is affected. We found that while most known Pex5 cargo proteins were outcompeted, several cargo proteins were not affected, implying that they have high targeting priority. This priority group was dependent on metabolic conditions. We dissected the mechanism of priority for these proteins and suggest that targeting priority is governed by different parameters, including binding affinity of the targeting signal to the cargo factor, the number of binding interfaces to the cargo factor, and more. This approach can be modified to study targeting priority in various organelles, cell types, and organisms.
Long-term efficacy of pulmonary rehabilitation with home-based or low frequent maintenance programs in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND The short-term efficacy of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been established. Although continuous follow-up and sustained exercise training is important to maintain the effects, the long-term efficacy of PR without frequent supervised training remains unclear. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the long-term efficacy of PR with home-based or low frequent maintenance program on exercise capacity and health related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with COPD. METHODS We identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing long-term efficacy of PR with home-based or low frequent maintenance and no maintenance program from PubMed and the Cochrane Library. Primary outcomes were exercise capacity [6-minute walking distance (6MWD), incremental shuttle walking test (ISWT)] and HRQOL [St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ)]. Outcomes were combined using a random-effects model. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42019109718. RESULTS Seven RCTs with a total of 492 patients with COPD met the inclusion criteria. PR with maintenance significantly improved 6MWD [mean difference (MD) 27.00; 95% CI: 1.04-52.96; P=0.01] and ISWT (MD 44.48; 95% CI: 30.70-58.25; P<0.01), however no statistical evidence of improvement in HRQOL (MD -1.32; 95% CI: -7.71 to 5.08, P=0.69) was observed. CONCLUSIONS PR with maintenance programs appears to be more effective than without maintenance for preserving exercise capacity in the long-term in patients with COPD. No long-term efficacy on HRQOL were noted. To maintain the efficacy of PR on exercise capacity and HRQOL over a long duration, it might be necessary to reexamine the contents and frequency of maintenance programs.
Results of the interprofessional and interdisciplinary Berlin round table on patient-reported outcomes, quality of life, and treatment expectations of patients with gynecological cancer under maintenance treatment

Background Patients’ reported outcomes and their perspectives around their therapeutic management is a field of continuously increasing relevance in gynecological oncology. We report the results of the Berlin dialog on seven patient-reported parameters and outcomes concerning chemotherapy and maintenance treatment in patients with gynecological cancer. Methods Key opinion leaders in gynecological oncology from different European counties and representatives of leading patients’ advocate groups in Berlin held a consensus meeting in Berlin on April 6, 2019. Seven topics of interest were identified in advance around quality of life, iatrogenic toxicity, treatment decision-making processes, sexuality, participation in clinical trials, second opinion, and long-term survivors with the the following standard operating procedure for processing and discussion: (1) agreement on its relevance; (2) literature review, and (3) discussion and consensus statements. Results All main topics reached a consensus approval. The defined statements emphasized the importance of patients’ role in incorporating and establishing quality of life as an outcome parameter in clinical trials. Furthermore, discussants raised the importance of identifying new tools for reflecting patient-reported iatrogenic toxicity as well as emphasizing patients’ rights in providing personal information, access to second opinion in the decision-making process, and their participation in clinical trials. Conclusion The results of this round table meeting could help redefine perspectives on the discussed topics and the importance for therapeutic management as well as for trial designs.
Succination inactivates gasdermin D and blocks pyroptosis

Fumarate targets pyroptosis A form of inflammatory cell death called pyroptosis depends on the caspase-mediated cleavage of gasdermin D (GSDMD), the fragments of which assemble into permeability pores that then kill the cell. The mechanisms regulating this important cellular process are not yet fully understood. Humphries et al. now report that the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate fumarate can act as an inhibitor of pyroptosis (see the Perspective by Pickering and Bryant). Both endogenous fumarate and exogenously delivered dimethyl fumarate (DMF) convert the cysteines in GSDMD to S-(2-succinyl)-cysteines (a process called succination) to prevent its interaction with caspases and subsequent processing and activation. Administration of DMF to mice alleviated inflammation in models of multiple sclerosis and familial Mediterranean fever. These findings may explain the efficacy of DMF as a treatment for multiple sclerosis and other inflammatory diseases and offer insights into future anti-inflammatory drug design. Science, this issue p. 1633; see also p. 1564 The Krebs cycle intermediate fumarate prevents a type of cell death by modifying a pore-forming protein. Activated macrophages undergo a metabolic switch to aerobic glycolysis, accumulating Krebs’ cycle intermediates that alter transcription of immune response genes. We extended these observations by defining fumarate as an inhibitor of pyroptotic cell death. We found that dimethyl fumarate (DMF) delivered to cells or endogenous fumarate reacts with gasdermin D (GSDMD) at critical cysteine residues to form S-(2-succinyl)-cysteine. GSDMD succination prevents its interaction with caspases, limiting its processing, oligomerization, and capacity to induce cell death. In mice, the administration of DMF protects against lipopolysaccharide shock and alleviates familial Mediterranean fever and experimental autoimmune encephalitis by targeting GSDMD. Collectively, these findings identify GSDMD as a target of fumarate and reveal a mechanism of action for fumarate-based therapeutics that include DMF, for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
The effect of gender on disease activity and clinical characteristics in patients with axial psoriatic arthritis

Abstract Objectives In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of gender on clinical findings, disease activity, functional status and quality of life in patients with axial involvement in Turkey. Methods Patients with PsA who met the CASPAR classification criteria were enrolled consequently in this cohort. Turkish League Against Rheumatism (TLAR)-Network was formed with the participation of 25 centres. The demographic variables, fatigue, diagnostic delay, the beginning of peripheral arthritis, enthesitis, dactylitis and spine involvement, inflammatory low back pain, BASFI, HAQ, HAQ-s, visual analogue scale-pain (VAS-pain), anxiety, depression and disease activity parameters (ESR, DAS28, BASDAI) were recorded. Axial involvement was assessed according to clinical and radiological data according to modified New York (MNYC) or Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) criteria. Results A total of 1018 patients with PsA were included in this study. Of the 373 patients with axial involvement, 150 were male (40.2%) and 223 (59.8%) were female. Spondylitis was detected in 14,7% of men and 21,9% of women in all patients. Pain score (VAS) (p < .002), fatigue (p < .001), ESR (p < .001), DAS28 (p < .001), BASDAI score (p < .001), PsAQoL (p < .001), HAQ score (p < ,01), HAQ-S score (p < .001), anxiety (p < .001), depression (p < .024), FACIT (p < .001) and FiRST (p < .001) scores were statistically significantly worse in women than males with axial PsA. However, quality of life was better (p < .001) and PASI score (p < .005) were statistically worse in male patients than in female patients with axial involvement. Conclusion This study has shown that the burden of disease in axial PsA has significant difference between genders. Disease activity, physical disability, functional limitation, depression and anxiety scores were higher in female patients, while quality of life were better and PASI score were higher in male patients. Therefore, we suggest that new strategies should be developed for more effective treatment of axial PsA in female patients.
Gaining traction: Promising shifts in gender norms and intimate partner violence in the context of a community-based HIV prevention trial in South Africa

Background HIV and violence prevention programs increasingly seek to transform gender norms among participants, yet how to do so at the community level, and subsequent pathways to behavior change, remain poorly understood. We assessed shifts in endorsement of equitable gender norms, and intimate partner violence (IPV), during the three-year community-based trial of Tsima, an HIV ‘treatment as prevention’ intervention in rural South Africa. Methods Cross-sectional household surveys were conducted with men and women ages 18–49 years, in 8 intervention and 7 control communities, at 2014-baseline (n = 1,149) and 2018-endline (n = 1,189). Endorsement of equitable gender norms was measured by the GEM Scale. Intent-to-treat analyses assessed intervention effects and change over time. Qualitative research with 59 community members and 38 staff examined the change process. Results Nearly two-thirds of men and half of women in intervention communities had heard of the intervention/seen the logo; half of these had attended a two-day workshop. Regression analyses showed a 15% improvement in GEM Scale score over time, irrespective of the intervention, among men (p<0.001) and women (p<0.001). Younger women (ages 18–29) had a decreased odds of reporting IPV in intervention vs. control communities (aOR 0.53; p<0.05). Qualitative data suggest that gender norms shifts may be linked to increased media access (via satellite TV/smartphones) and consequent exposure to serial dramas modeling equitable relationships and negatively portraying violence. Tsima’s couple communication/conflict resolution skills-building activities, eagerly received by intervention participants, appear to have further supported IPV reductions. Conclusions There was a population-level shift towards greater endorsement of equitable gender norms between 2014–2018, potentially linked with rapid escalation in media access. There was also an intervention effect on reported IPV among young women, likely owing to improved couple communication. Societal-level gender norm shifts may create enabling environments for interventions to find new traction for violence and HIV-related behavior change.