Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic Algorithm-based Periodic Charging Scheme for Energy Depletion Avoidance in WRSNs

Thanks to the advancements in wireless power transfer technologies, a new paradigm of wireless sensor network (WSNs) called wireless rechargeable sensor networks (WRSNs) has recently emerged. For a WRSN, designing an efficient charging schedule is a challenging issue due to the inherent constraints of WSNs. Although there have been many efforts to optimize the charging schedule, the existing works suffer from several critical problems. Firstly, they rarely tackle the dead node minimization problem, which is the ultimate objective of wireless charging. Secondly, most of the existing works assume impractical conditions, which include the unlimited battery capacity of the charger, and a fully charging scheme at the sensors. In this paper, aiming at minimizing the number of dead nodes, we propose a novel charging scheme based on the genetic algorithm. Our scheme works when the mobile charger has only limited capacity, and the sensors are charged partially at each charging round. The experiment results show that our proposed algorithm reduces the number of dead nodes significantly compared to other existing studies.
Biosynthesis of Caffeine in Flower Buds of Camellia sinensis

Abstract The biosynthesis of purine alkaloids in flower buds of tea plants was investigated. More than 25% of total radioactivity of [8-14C]adenine taken up by stamens isolated from tea flower buds was found to have been incorporated into purine alkaloids, namely, theobromine and caffeine, 24 h after administration of the labelled compound. Pulse-chase experiments indicated that [8-14C]adenine taken up by the stamens was converted to adenine nucleotides and subsequently incorporated into theobromine and caffeine. Since 5 μM coformycin, an inhibitor of AMP deaminase, inhibited the incorporation of radioactivity into the purine alkaloids, synthesis of caffeine from adenine nucleotides seems to be initiated by the reaction of AMP deaminase. Although most of the radioactivity from [8-14C]inosine was recovered as CO2 and ureides, considerable amounts of radioactivity were recovered as purine alkaloids. The incorporation of radioactivity from [8-14C]inosine into the purine alkaloids was not affected by coformycin. The five enzymes involved in synthesis of 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate from glucose were present in the stamens and petals of tea flower buds. From present and previous results, the pathway for the biosynthesis of caffeine from adenine nucleotides in flower buds of tea is discussed.
Truck APS Failure Detection using Machine Learning

Due to the digitalization data size has increased, and it is noisy as well. It has become ubiquitous to predict the Air Pressure Systems (APS) Failures, which is an essential problem in the mechanical domain. However, the data is vast and noisy, and imbalance, there are a lot of paradigms to be considered. The objective of the study is to minimize the failure cost of Scania trucks. The paper used the SMOTE class imbalance technique to overcome the class distribution issue. Analyzed the effect over the cost of Classification techniques; random Forest, SVM, Xgboost, and Catboost after applying SMOTE imbalance technique.
Joint User Association and Resource Allocation for NOMA-Based MEC: A Matching-Coalition Approach

Mobile edge computing (MEC) is regarded as a key technology to reduce the network pressure from the computing-intensive and latency-sensitive applications in future wireless networks. Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) can achieve high spectral efficiency by allowing multiple users to reuse the same resources. In this paper, we consider a novel NOMA-based MEC system to improve the energy efficiency during task offloading process. With multiple access points (APs) being deployed, the optimization problem is joint user association and resource allocation while the objective is to minimize the total energy consumption of all users subject to the task execution deadline. We formulate the problem as a many-to-one matching game with externality due to the co-channel interference among users, and then, propose a matching-coalition approach coupled with computing resource allocation and power control. Simulation results show that the proposed approach can efficiently reduce the total energy consumption in comparison to other simplified approaches.
Low-temperature-driven early spawning migration of a temperate marine fish

1. It is often assumed that the timing of annual migrations of marine fish to spawning grounds occurs with very little change over time. However, it is unclear how much migration is influenced by climate change in marine species that spawn at sea but spend most time in estuarine conditions, especially as thermal regimes in estuaries may differ significantly from those in the open sea. 2. Migration phenology was studied in a population of flounder, Platichthys flesus (L.) off south-west England using high-temporal resolution trawling data over a 13-year period. 3. Flounder migrated from their estuarine habitat to spawning grounds at sea some 1-2 months earlier in years that were up to 2degreesC cooler. Flounder arrived on the spawning grounds over a shorter time period (2-6 days) when colder than normal conditions prevailed in the estuary, compared to warmer years (12-15 days). This suggests that they were responding to low temperatures by exhibiting a more synchronous, population-level early migration. 4. The timing of migration was earlier when the largest differences in temperatures between near-estuary and offshore environments occurred, differences that were related significantly to cold, negative phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). 5. Flounder migration phenology appears to be driven to a large extent by short-term, climate-induced changes in the thermal resources of their overwintering habitat. This suggests that climate fluctuations characterizing the NAO may have significant effects on the timing of the peak abundance of fish populations generally, which, in turn, may have implications for fisheries management.
BIODEGRADACIÓN BACTERIANA DE PLAGUICIDAS PERMETRINA Y CIPERMETRINA EN CULTIVO LOTE BACTERIAL BIODEGRADATION OF PERMETRINA AND CIPERMETRINA PESTICIDES IN CULTURE LOT

The biodegradation of permetrhin and cypermethrin (50 and 100 mg/L) with Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas mendocina, Chromobacterium violaceum and Burkholderia cepacia in batch reactors was studied. The strain of Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas mendocina showed a greater capability of biodegradation of pesticides, after 5 days, this is of 65% for both pesticides and after the 15 days it practically stays constant, being of until 95% for permetrina to 50 and 100 mg/l and for cipermetrina from 90% to 50 mg/l and 89% to 100 mg/l measured by means of specterophotometry UV/Vis. Growth kinetic and infrared spectrum show that there is a major capacity of mineralization for permetrhin that cypermethrin. These results indicate that these bacteria can be used in bioremediation processes of these pesticides.
Humic acid seed and substrate treatments promote seedling root development.

Additional index words. humates, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo, Pelargonium × hortorum, Tagetes patula, geranium, marigold, cucumber, squash Abstract. Seed of Pelargonium × hortorum L.H. Bailey 'Freckles' (geranium) and Tagetes patula L. 'Bonanza' (marigold) were soaked for 12, 24, or 48 h in solutions containing 0 (deionized water), 5000, 10,000, or 15,000 mg·L -1 humic acid (HA) or nutrient controls (NC) containing similar levels of nutrients prior to planting. Soaking in deionized water (DI) and NC treatments had no significant effect on root fresh weight. However, several of the HA treatments increased root fresh weight of marigold seedlings, and all increased geranium root fresh weight. Percentage of germination and shoot fresh weight were not significantly affected by treatment. Seed of Cucumis sativus L. 'Salad Bush' (cucumber), Cucurbita pepo L. 'Golden Summer Crookneck' (squash), 'Freckles' geranium and 'Bonanza' marigold were sown into 15-cell plug trays (5 mL volume), and the substrate was drenched with DI, 2500 or 5000 mg·L -1 HA, or 2500 or 5000 mg·L -1 NC. DI and NC treatments did not affect root fresh weight. However, cucumber, squash, and marigold seedlings germinated in substrate drenched with 2500 and 5000 mg·L -1 HA and geranium seedlings germinated in substrate drenched with 2500 mg·L -1 HA had significantly higher root fresh weight than did seedlings from all other treatments. Percentage of germination and shoot fresh weight were not significantly affected by treatment. 'Salad Bush' cucum- ber and 'Golden Summer Crookneck' squash seedlings germinated on germination towels soaked with 2500 or 5000 mg·L -1 HA, had significantly higher root fresh weight than did seedlings germinated on towels soaked with DI or NC solutions. Treatment with HA did not affect shoot fresh weight or the number of lateral roots. However, HA treatment increased the total length of lateral roots. The increase in lateral root growth occurred primarily in lateral roots developing from the lower hypocotyl.
The outbreak history of Dothistroma needle blight: an emerging forest disease in northwestern British Columbia, Canada

Native pathogens are normally limited in the damage they cause by host resistance and (or) environmental con- ditions that limit one or more phases of the disease cycle. Changes to host or environmental conditions can relax these limits and result in disease emergence. Until recently, Dothistroma needle blight (Dothistroma), caused by Dothistroma septosporum (Dorog.) Morelet, has had only minor impacts on native forest trees in western North America. Over the past decade in the forests of northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Dothistroma has caused extensive mortality in managed plantations of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.), and even mature pine trees are suc- cumbing. We used dendrochronological techniques to reconstruct the temporal patterns of past Dothistroma outbreaks in the area using tree-ring series from sites with documented outbreaks. We found that Dothistroma outbreaks in northwest British Columbia have occurred periodically over the last 174 years, with an increase in outbreak incidence and extent since the 1940s. The most distinct change observed in the outbreak history has been the greater severity and synchrony among the sites affected during the current outbreak. A recently observed climate change trend over the study area may represent an environmental trigger that synchronized the current outbreak causing the widespread emergence of the dis- ease.
Automatic Dominion Of DC Smart Grid Enclosing Multilevel Inverter Amidst To Renewable Source

Despite of slowing of a pace at which renewable energy presents its efficiency has been boosted when it is tied with the smart grid. In context to this, this paper showcases automatic control of DC smart grid containing 3 Level Multilevel Inverter model amidst with renewable source which encrypts the demand of various loads according to their current status. With this comprising 3 level multilevel inverter one can attain high quality power with minimal use of switching components. This paper confers about the efficient utilization of renewable power sources into smart grid with a multilevel inverter. The whole system is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink 2018 and according to which results are compared between conventional and multilevel inverter.
A Parallel Optimized Load Forecasting Method Based on Simple Recurrent Units

Based on the abundant big data resources of the power system, we proposes a new method for load forecasting based on Simple Recurrent Unit(SRU). This method makes full use of the temporal correlation of loads and enables highly parallelized optimization compared to Long Short-term Memory(LSTM), thus ensuring the high accuracy of the prediction method while improving prediction efficiency. In this paper, we detailly describe the steps of the construction and training of SRU, hyperparameter search method based on Bayesian optimization and input data preprocessing. Then, we deploy the algorithm on a cloud computing platform and establish a modular load forecasting system that integrated with data query, off-line training, on-line prediction and display. Finally, we compared our method with other popular machine learning load forecasting algorithms. Results prove that the SRU network can achieve a better prediction accuracy, also greatly reduced training and prediction time, which makes the proposed method suitable for large-scale real-time load forecasting.
A Novel Low-Complexity Power-Allocation Algorithm for Multi-Tone Signals for Wireless Power Transfer

Recent studies proved that optimized multi-tone signals can significantly enhance the performance of wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. However, optimizing the power allocation for multi-tone signals in order to maximize the efficiency of WPT is a computationally complex task. In this paper, a novel low-complexity algorithm, the truncated maximum-ratio transmission (TMRT) algorithm, for allocating power to multitone signals for WPT is proposed. The algorithm exploits the fact that optimal algorithms tend to allocate power to tones having the strongest channels and no power to weaker channels, and therefore, performs maximum ratio transmission power allocation on the subset of the m strongest channels. In this way, the power allocation problem is reduced to finding the optimal m that maximizes the efficiency. Simulation results confirm that the proposed TMRT algorithm achieves a performance very close to the optimal power allocation, despite its very low complexity, and significantly outperforms other low-complexity solutions.
Hardware Design of Approximate Matrix Multiplier based on FPGA in Verilog

Approximate computing has emerged as a new paradigm for the energy-efficient design of circuits and systems. It enables highly efficient hardware and software implementations by exploiting the inherent resilience of applications to in-exactness in their computations. In this work, hardware implementation of Matrix Multiplier based on approximate computing is modeled in VERILOG Hardware Description Language (HDL). The target device used for synthesis is xc7a100t-3csg324 in Xilinx. Simulations were performed in ISIM simulator and device utilization has been presented below.
Mechanisms of organelle inheritance in dividing plant cells

Organelles form essential compartments of all eukaryotic cells. Mechanisms that ensure the unbiased inheritance of organelles during cell division are therefore necessary to maintain the viability of future cell generations. Although inheritance of organelles represents a fundamental component of the cell cycle, surprisingly little is known about the underlying mechanisms that facilitate unbiased organelle inheritance. Evidence from a select number of studies, however, indicates that ordered organelle inheritance strategies exist in dividing cells of higher plants. The basic requirement for unbiased organelle inheritance is the duplication of organelle volume and distribution of the resulting organelle populations in a manner that facilitates unbiased partitioning of the organelle population to each daughter cell. Often, partitioning strategies are specific to the organelle, being influenced by the functional requirements of the organelle and whether the cells are mitotically active or re-entering into the cell cycle. Organelle partitioning mechanisms frequently depend on interactions with either the actin or microtubule cytoskeleton. In this focused review, we attempt to summarize key findings regarding organelle partitioning strategies in dividing cells of higher plants. We particularly concentrate on the role of the cytoskeleton in mediating unbiased organelle partitioning.
Physical Insights Into the ESD Behavior of Drain Extended FinFETs (DeFinFETs) and Unique Current Filament Dynamics

Single and multi-Fin behavior of drain-extended FinFET (DeFinFET) devices under low and high current injection conditions is studied using detailed 3-D TCAD simulations. For completeness, electrostatic discharge (ESD) behavior of both shallow trench isolation (STI)-type and non-STI-type DeFinFET devices is studied. Under low current injection, junction breakdown, parasitic bipolar turn-on, as well as the onset of space charge modulation and its implications on high current behavior are explored. Under high current injection, the role of space charge modulation in electrothermal instability and filament formation is discussed. Unique filament spreading behavior has been discovered in DeFinFETs. Fin-based construction was found responsible for filament spreading. The interplay among bipolar turn-on, bipolar efficiency, filament density, and nature of filament spreading is explained.
Edge Detection in Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Images using Various Algorithms

In Image Processing Edge detection is very important. It is an essential technique to improve image quality in various fields including medical, space, biological materials etc. Images are generally represented by its intensities either in grey scale or in color scale. Scanning Electron microscope providing information about images but during deep analysis, users are not able to analyze the problems such as voids, cracks and fiber pullout. Edge is an important part of the image. The extraction of image should not change any features in extracted images. In our proposed work three algorithms are chosen for edge detection i.e. Sobel, Laplacian and Hough Transform detection algorithm is used to detect the edges and removed noise at the same time in SEM images for both metal and non-metal images. Finally, the comparison was done for these algorithms by using various parameters like the speed of execution, noise removal and accuracy in edge detection. In this paper it is concluded, Laplacian gives better result compared to other detection algorithms in terms of voids, boundary, lines or curves and orientation detection.
A Jackknife Variance-based Stopping Criterion for Adaptive Verification of Integrated Circuits

Adaptive verification appears to be an efficient solution for the time}-consuming simulations of complex integrated circuits with multiple inputs and outputs. Compared to the traditional (one-shot) experimental design, in which all samples are selected andsimulated beforehand, adaptive sampling is an iterative method in which the information acquiredfrom previously evaluated samples are used to better understand and interpret the behavior of the system. However, if no information is available upfront, it can be very difficult to determine the total number of experiment runs (simulationslmeasurements) that will be needed. This paper proposes a stopping criterion for planning adaptive experiments using the concept of jackknife variance and helps to efficiently characterize the behavior of complex systems with a number of experiment runs as low as possible. The approach was evaluated on synthetic testfunctions and an electronic system. The stopping criterion shows substantial improvements in the number of experiment runs while maintaining high resolution in the region of interest.
A Hybrid Energy Storage Strategy Based Fuzzy Control to Suppress Power Fluctuation of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Power System

Aiming at the problem that the grid-connected power fluctuation of the photovoltaic (PV) power system affects the stability of power grid operation, a fuzzy control strategy based on the supercapacitor battery hybrid energy storage system (HESS) to suppress power fluctuation is proposed. Secondly, a fuzzy controller is established based on the grid-connected estimated fluctuation power of the PV power system and the current state of charge (SOC) of the HESS. The time constant of the low pass filter (LPF) is adjusted to allocate the fluctuating power in real-time, the high frequency fluctuating power is smoothed by the supercapacitor, and the low frequency fluctuating power is smoothed by the battery. So the purpose of rationally distributing power between different energy storage medium is achieved. In addition, according to the SOC variation of HESS, a fuzzy controller is established to correct the charge-discharge capacity of the supercapacitor and battery, calculate the actual output power of the current supercapacitor and battery, and update the energy state of the HESS in real-time. Finally, the Simulink simulations verify the effectiveness of HESS fuzzy control power allocation and smoothing grid-connected power fluctuations.
Egg and Larval Development Index for Lake Sturgeon

AbstractWe developed an index of egg and larval maturation for Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens to incrementally chart development over time. To evaluate the relationship between temperature and development rate, eggs and larvae from the Wolf River were incubated at four constant water temperatures. The time required for neural tube closure, hatch, and exogenous feeding were monitored. The number of hours from incubation to each development stage and mean water temperature were related by predictive exponential regression equations for neural tube closure (R2 = 0.96), start hatch (R2 = 0.97), end hatch (R2 = 0.97), and exogenous feeding (R2 = 0.99). Calculated hourly development was used to create an index capable of predicting specific daily development. Daily development from incubation to exogenous feeding ranged from 2.0% to 8.3% at 10°C to 19.9°C. This index was used to predict the rate of development of sturgeon eggs and larvae from the St. Lawrence River reared in water with varying temperatures.
Interval Estimation for Discrete-Time Switched Linear Systems Based on L∞ Observer and Ellipsoid Analysis

This letter proposes a two-step interval estimation method for discrete-time switched linear systems with unknown but bounded uncertainties. Based on the ellipsoidal analysis, the proposed estimator provides upper and lower bounds of the system state with high computational analysis. The size of the obtained ellipsoids is minimized using the trace criterion. The idea of introducing an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L_{\infty }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> performance is also employed in order to improve the estimation accuracy. Its design conditions are given in terms of Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs). Finally, a numerical example emphasizes the effectiveness of the contribution.