Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fires in nature: a review of the challenges for wild animals

Animals living in the wild are exposed to numerous challenges, such as fires, that can lead to suffering. The impacts of fire have been studied in different branches of ecology, but studies of its effects on the welfare of individual animals remain scarce. The current review aims to synthesize a sample of relevant aspects regarding fire’s negative effects on wild animals. We mainly focus on the immediate impacts of fire on individuals. How animals respond to fire depends on many factors including their life history, evolutionary adaptations to fire, and individual stress coping styles, in addition to the characteristics of the fire. The fundamentals of carrying out future work for animal rescue and prevention of animal harms in fires were also explored. Fires may increase the risk of injury, disease, stress, and mortality for animals living in the wild, resulting in physiological and psychological harm, experiences of suffering, discomfort and pain, and long-term detrimental consequences. Wild animals can benefit from effective rescue, rehabilitation, and release during fires, and post-release monitoring must accurately evaluate their outcome success. The resulting information can be used to educate veterinarians, rehabilitators, and the public in the prevention of the suffering and deaths of as many animals as possible in future fire events, which ultimately benefits animal welfare. This review provides a better understanding of how fire compromises animal welfare, providing an example of how to use the knowledge gathered in animal ecology to examine the welfare of wild animals. It can help raise concern for the situation of wild animals as individuals, and to develop the field of welfare biology, by identifying promising future lines of research.
Alternative design strategy and multi-material integration in the development of biologically-inspired soft robots: a proof-of-concept

This study investigates the feasibility and consequences of using complex, nonlinear geometries in the manufacturing of soft robots actuated with shape memory alloys (SMAs). Anatomically-informed shaping of the functional elements was exploited to design the components of a finger-like soft robot. The SMAs were characterised and selected to provide the device actuation. This process involved thermo-mechanical tests to obtain material parameters for a finite element method model, which was then used to carry out a comparative analysis of different actuator shapes. Additive manufacturing and multi-material integration were then exploited to manufacture the device. The soft robot actuation was characterised using a combined thermal and motion-capture-based analysis. The paper presents a shape-mediated design strategy to obtain soft actuation in an integrated multi-material through the introduction of conjugated nonlinear shapes for the constituents and a spatially-changing relationship between their sections/stiffnesses.
The actor, agent, and author across the life span: interrelations between personality traits, life goals, and life narratives in an age-heterogeneous sample

According to the integrative framework for studying people, personality manifests and develops along three separate, but related, levels: the actor (e.g. traits), agent (e.g. goals), and author (i.e. narratives). Although these levels are thought to be conceptually interrelated, few studies have empirically examined such interrelations. To address this gap, the present study tested how traits, goals, and narratives are longitudinally related to each other and whether master motives (getting along and getting ahead) serve as helpful tools to structure these interrelations. Applying a developmental approach, we further explored these interrelations against the background of age-related effects. A sample of 141 participants (14–68 years, M = 35.40 years) completed self-reports on traits and goals at the beginning and end of a 2-year study. In between these measurements, participants took part in a life story interview that assessed narratives. We applied multilevel analyses and found that traits, goals, and narratives were meaningfully related to each other. Interactions with age occurred in less than 20% of the cases, emerged among the majority of variables (except for agreeableness and openness), were most pronounced for narratives and were mainly found among young and middle-aged participants. The findings are discussed in view of master motives.
FastBMD: an online tool for rapid benchmark dose–response analysis of transcriptomics data

Abstract Motivation Transcriptomics dose–response analysis is a promising new approach method for toxicity testing. While international regulatory agencies have spent substantial effort establishing a standardized statistical approach, existing software that follows this approach is computationally inefficient and must be locally installed. Results FastBMD is a web-based tool that implements standardized methods for transcriptomics benchmark dose–response analysis in R. It is >60 times faster than the current leading software, supports transcriptomics data from 13 species, and offers a comprehensive analytical pipeline that goes from processing and normalization of raw gene expression values to interactive exploration of pathway-level benchmark dose results. Availability and implementation FastBMD is freely available at www.fastbmd. ca. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
COMPARISON OF CHANGE IN ROOT CANAL ANGLE, RADII OF CURVATURE AND VOLUME BY PROTAPER AND MTWO SYSTEMS USING SPIRAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference in the angle of curvature, radius of curvature and canal volume before and after root canal shaping by Protaper and Mtwo rotary systems using spiral computed tomography (spiral CT). 45 colored resin blocks with a single canal and 20° curvature were taken and divided into 3 groups of 15 samples each. Iodine based contrast was injected into the canals and preoperative scanning was done with spiral CT. The canals were prepared with Mtwo in group I, Protaper in group II and group III was kept as a negative control. All the canals were filled with contrast solution and subjected to postoperative scanning. Pre and postoperative images were recorded and compared and statistically analyzed using Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) software. Group I did not show any change whereas group II showed significant change in the angle and radii of curvature in which the apical canal curvature was straightened. There was no significant difference in the volumetric change of root canal between the
Degradation by-products of ancient paper leaves from wash waters

Water cleaning of paper leaves is a preliminary step in many customary deacidification treatments of ancient books in conservation workshops. Usually, the washing solutions are considered “waste waters” and they are thrown away. In this work, an analytical protocol for the analysis of wash waters for the assessment of the conservation state of ancient books is proposed. Wash waters of leaves under different conservation conditions of a 16th-century-printed book were investigated using UV-Vis, IR, Raman, NMR, EPR, XRF, ESI-MS, ICP-MS, CE-PDA and elemental microanalysis. Analysis of the wash water extracts allowed one to identify a large number of degradation by-products, ranging from low-molecular mass organic acids to cellulose oligomers. Reasons for the very different conservation conditions of the leaves emerged, indicating that wash water analysis provides a deep insight into the conservation state and composition of leaves as well as degradation reactions occurred on them.
Dual- and Wide-Band Dual-Sense Circularly Polarized CPW-Fed Slot Antenna with a T-shaped Ground Stub

A novel dual- and wide-band dual-sense circularly polarized (CP) slot antenna is proposed in this paper. A T-shaped stub is embedded in the asymmetrical ground plane to enhance the bandwidth. By parametric studying, the mechanism of band improvement and circular polarization are presented. The size of the proposed antenna is $40\times 40\times 1.6\mathbf{mm}^{3} (0.48\times 0.48\times 0.02\boldsymbol{\lambda}^{3})$. The full-wave simulation results show that the impedance bandwidth is 0.30GHz (1.65-1.95GHz) and 4.22GHz (2.43-6.65GHz). The axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) is 0.61GHz (1.41-2.02GHz) and 4.22GHz (2.63-6.85GHz). A prototype of proposed antenna is fabricated and measured, and the measurement agrees well with the simulation, which proves an excellent circularly polarized property.
Performance of Oil on Bio-Methane Creation under Anaerobic Co-Fermentation Condition. Review

Anaerobic fermentation of oil is becoming appealing benefit due to its high biodegradation in outputting biogas. Due to a complex synthesis organic wastes, oil has been inspected as potency the substrate to output biogas when fermented under non-aerobically as compared to {carbohydrate and protein}. However, it is familiar that oil degradation leads to inhibition of biogas creation with delay phase occurrence, sewage floatation, and failure. Co-fermentation of oil wastes has offered a promotion to bio methane creation of reducing decomposition of the bacteria but the test of slow ‘hydrolysis’ due to inhibition still takes place. Long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) generated during hydrolysis is recognized as firstly inhibitor due to its poisoning influences on cell wall adsorption by communities bacteria. This research reviews the scientific previously literature on biogas creation, ways to minimize oil discouraged in promotion biogas creation.
“Necessary Compromises”: A Qualitative Exploration of the Influence of Burnout on Resident Education

Burnout is prevalent among resident physicians and has a negative impact on their well‐being and effectiveness at work. How burnout shapes residents’ educational experiences, attitudes, habits, and practices is not well understood. There is also a lack of research regarding self‐identified mitigation strategies for residents. The authors qualitatively explored burnout’s role in the educational experiences of resident physicians.
Food processing and risk of hypertension: Cohort of Universities of Minas Gerais, Brazil (CUME Project)

Abstract Objective: To analyse the association between food consumption according to the degree of processing and incidence of hypertension in CUME project participants. Design: Longitudinal study in which food consumption was evaluated according to the percentage contribution of daily energetic intake (%/d) of each NOVA classification group (unprocessed/minimally processed foods and culinary preparations (U/MPF&CP); processed foods and ultra-processed foods (UPF)). Hypertension was defined according to American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) criteria. Adjusted relative risks (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95 % CI) were estimated by Poisson regression models with robust variances. Setting: Brazil. Participants: 1221 graduates classified as non-hypertensive at baseline and monitored for 2 years. Results: Daily energetic percentage from each group according to degree of processing was 64·3 (sd 12) % for U/MPF&CP; 9·9 (sd 5·8) % for processed foods and 25·8 (sd 11) % for UPF. Incidence of hypertension was high (152/1000 person-years; n 113, 193/1000 person-years in males and n 257, 138/1000 person-years in females). After adjusting for potential confounders, participants in the upper quintile of daily energetic intake of U/MPF&CP presented a reduced risk of hypertension (RR: 0·72; 95 % CI 0·52, 0·98), while those in the upper quintile of daily energetic intake of UPF presented an increased risk of the outcome (RR: 1·35; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·81). Conclusions: In this prospective cohort of Brazilian middle-aged adult university graduates, the highest consumptions of U/MPF&CP and UPF were associated with, respectively, reduced and increased risk of hypertension. Additional longitudinal studies are needed to confirm our results.
Decolonizing People, Place and Country: Nurturing Resilience across Time and Space

Indigenous peoples are easily classified as either dangerously vulnerable or inherently resilient to climate risks. There are elements of truth in both categorical statements. Yet neither is completely true. Indigenous vulnerability and resilience, and Indigenous groups’ adaptive responses to climate change, need to be understood in the messy contexts of lived experience, rather than either elegant social theories or didactic ideological politics. Climate change action and research needs to acknowledge and engage with the knowledges, ontologies and experiences of diverse Indigenous groups, along with the specific histories, geographies and impacts of colonization, and their consequences for both the colonized and colonizers. Climate change action and research needs to be integrated into wider de-colonial projects as the transformative impacts of anthropogenic climate change are inadequately addressed within both colonial and post-colonial frames. Negotiating respectful modes of belonging-together-in-Country to reshape people-to-people, people-to-environment and people-to-cosmos relationships in Indigenous domains is essential in responding to planetary scale changes in coupled human and natural systems. This paper outlines an approach that nurtures Indigenous self-determination and inter-generational healing to rethink the geopolitics of Indigenous resilience, vulnerability and adaptation in an era of climate change and the resurgence of Great Power geopolitics.
Determining the liquidus viscosity of glass‐forming liquids through differential scanning calorimetry

Viscosity at the liquidus temperature ( T L ),  L , is a critical parameter for the design of new glasses, particularly for industrial glass production where crystallization must be suppressed. However, a direct viscometric determination of  L for a glass-forming system is difficult due to crystallization. Here we propose an alternative approach for determining  L through differential scanning calorimetry
Is COVID Revealing a CMBS Virus?

Commercial loan valuations crucially depend on accurate loan income, but underwritten income on CMBS loans is commonly overstated when compared to actual property income. Consistent with these differences being purposeful, income overstatement in 2013 to 2019 CMBS deals varies widely and persistently across originators, is priced by originators, predictable ex-ante, and accompanied by inflation of past financials. Originator income overstatement is highly predictive of pre- and COVID-period loan distress. Appraisal and cap rate aggressiveness also predict current distress. Overall, recent market stresses seem to further verify the large systemic differences in underwriting standards across originators.
Evaluation of sperm quality in male rats treated with Sauropus androgynus (L.) merr. leaf fractions

Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. or katuk is one of the medicinal plants broadly used in Indonesia as it has active compounds that can, among others, stimulate reproductive hormones. This study was aimed to determine which active fraction of S. androgynus leaves that have the potential to improve the sperm quality of male rats based on three parameters, namely sperm count, viability, and motility. It employed fractionation using the liquid-liquid technique with n -hexane, ethyl acetate, and water solvents to obtain the fractions. Twenty-four mature Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into four equal groups: the normal group (untreated group) received 0.5% Na-CMC suspense, and the three fraction groups were given the n -hexane, ethyl acetate, and water fraction p.o. , respectively, at the dose of 11.85 mg.Kg -1 BW daily for seven days. Sperm count, viability, and motility were measured on Day 8 (after treatment) from the sperm samples collected at the cauda epididymis of the sacrificed test rats. The results showed that compared with the normal group, the n -hexane and ethyl acetate fractions significantly increased the three parameters (p<0.05). Therefore, the S. androgynus leaf fractions have the potential as a natural material that can increase the fertility of male rats.
Understanding the seriousness of a stroke is essential for appropriate help-seeking and early arrival at a stroke centre: A cross-sectional study of stroke patients and their bystanders

Introduction Only a minority of patients with acute ischaemic stroke receive reperfusion treatment, primarily due to prehospital delay. We aimed to investigate predictors of a primary contact to the emergency medical services, arrival at stroke centre within 3 h of symptom onset and initiation of reperfusion therapy in patients with acute stroke. Patients and methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of consecutive patients with acute ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage or transient ischaemic attack. Structured interviews of patients and bystanders were performed and combined with clinical information from the Danish Stroke Registry. Eligible patients were aged ≥18 years and were independent in activities of daily living before the stroke. Results We included 435 patients. Presence of a bystander at symptom onset and knowledge of ≥2 core symptoms of stroke were associated with a primary emergency medical services contact. Higher stroke severity and patients or bystanders perceiving the situation as very serious were associated with a primary emergency medical services contact (ORpatients 2.10; 95% CI 1.12–3.95 and ORbystanders 22.60; 95% CI 4.98–102.67), <3 h from onset to arrival (ORpatients 3.01; 95% CI 1.46–6.21 and ORbystanders 4.44; 95% CI 1.37–14.39) and initiation of reperfusion therapy (ORpatients 3.08; 95% CI 1.23–7.75 and ORbystanders 4.70; 95% CI 1.14–19.5). Conclusion: Having a bystander, knowledge of ≥2 core symptoms and understanding that stroke is a serious event are associated with appropriate help-seeking behaviour, shorter prehospital delay and higher chance of reperfusion therapy in acute stroke patients.
La robótica desde las áreas STEM en Educación Primaria: una revisión sistemática

Upon the need for scientific schooling at a young age, the use of robotics in an educational context establishes a valuable didactic resource to develop a STEM centred education. A systematic review has been made, following the declaration Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (Prisma) guidelines. The aim of this review is characterizing the scientific production related with STEM education, from working with educational robotics in primary school, thereby research questions are presented about bibliometric indicators, research methodologies employed, the relationship between STEM areas and educational robotics, or social and gender aspects. The research was made in three international databases (Scopus, ERIC and WoS), achieving to find 463 articles, of which 26 documents were selected that met the inclusion criteria. The results show that the investigations that use mixed methodologies are the most used and, at the same time, present a more significant number of citations in Google Scholar. Regarding the first authors’ gender approach and the research groups, these are presented equitably. Similarly, there are no differences in access, development, and skill acquisition among participants as a result of the investigations. Also, a more significant implementation of proposals is observed in the after-school hours, improving the attitude and acquisition of skills in STEM areas.
Film-Forming Systems in Topically Administered Pharmaceutical Formulations

The skin is the most extensive and outermost organ in the body and can be greatly exploited both from the point of view of alternative routes of systemic drug delivery and treatment of dermatological diseases. Because of its main function as a barrier against harmful external agents, it also becomes a barrier to drug administration, but there are strategies to reduce this limitation of this promising route of administration. The development of polymer-based film-forming formulations is extensively studied for this purpose, since the formation of a film on the skin increases the contact time of the drug, for this being characterized as a controlled release reservoir system. There are a multitude of possible polymers to compose these formulations and their choice must be made according to the purpose of each application. This work, therefore, aims to study the state of the art of film forming systems for topical application of pharmaceutical formulations.
Location Decisions of New Manufacturing Firms in Ecuador. Agglomeration Mechanisms

This investigation seeks to explore the importance of agglomeration mechanisms in the location decisions of new manufacturing firms in Ecuador, based on sector and canton level data for the 2000–2010 period. A model is proposed to explore the relative importance of agglomeration mechanisms in location decisions of new manufacturing companies, a regression is performed using instrumental variables, the econometric estimation is developed, and an identification strategy is proposed. The results of the empirical analysis show that the learning mechanism, and history, have a positive and significant impact on the creation of new firms. An increase of 1% in the transfer of knowledge in the industries and cantons of the country is correlated with the increase in the location of new firms in the order of 9.2%. In turn, history has a positive and significant effect on the creation of new firms, in industries and cantons characterized by a past industrial environment. Even when the learning mechanism and history are controlled by provinces, sectors, and cantons, they continue to be the most important determinants of the location of new firms. This evidence could be attributed to the public investment in Ecuadorian industry in recent years. In this sense, the contribution of this work is found in the empirical distinction of the mechanism that favors or inhibits the location decisions of new companies. The analysis was replicated for a three-digit sectorial disaggregation level, to verify whether the agglomeration mechanisms operate differently on a different industrial scale. The results suggested that there were no differences to be considered. When the analysis was done excluding the cantons of Quito, Guayaquil, and Cuenca, given their high representation in terms of the birth of industries and employment, the results were consistent with those previously mentioned. However, it is so only with respect to history, which in this case accounts for 38.8% of the birth of firms; whereas, matching accounts for an order of 38.9% in the period of analysis. This result is explained in the context of the country’s industrial policy.