Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association between LAPTM4B gene polymorphism and prostate cancer susceptibility in an Iranian population

ABSTRACT Lysosome associated protein transmembrane 4 β (LAPTM4B) is an oncogene associated with many human cancers. In the present study we aimed to examine the possible association between LAPTM4B polymorphism and risk of prostate cancer (PCa) in an Iranian population. This case control study was performed on 168 patients with PCa and 176 controls with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood and LAPTM4B genotypes were identified by polymerase chain reaction. The distributions of LAPTM4B genotypes were significantly different between PCa patients (60.7% for *1/1, 32.8% for *1/2, and 6.5% for *2/2) and controls (44.9% for *1/1, 49.4% for *1/2, and 5.7% for *2/2). Both the *1/2 and *1/2+*2/2 genotypes significantly decreased the risk of PCa compared with the *1/1 genotype (OR = 49, 95% CI = 0.31–0.77, p = 0.002 and OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.34–0.81, p = 0.004, respectively). The minor allele (LAPTM4B*2) was associated with a decreased risk of PCa compared with the LAPTM4B*1 allele (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.48–0.96, p = 0.031). Moreover, LAPTM4B polymorphism was not associated with clinicopathological characteristics of PCa patients. The results of this study showed that LAPTM4B*2 was associated with a decreased risk of PCa but the clinicopathological characteristics of PCa were not linked to LAPTM4B polymorphism. Further studies with larger sample sizes and different ethnicities are needed to confirm our findings.
Multigene profiling of single circulating tumor cells

ABSTRACT Numerous techniques for isolating circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been developed. Concurrently, single-cell techniques that can reveal molecular components of CTCs have become widely available. We discuss how the combination of isolation and multigene profiling of single CTCs in our platform can facilitate eventual translation to the clinic.
Therapeutic arginine starvation in ASS1-deficient cancers inhibits the Warburg effect

ABSTRACT Argininosuccinate Synthetase 1 deficiency induces dependence on extracellular arginine for continued cellular growth and survival. Arginine starvation inhibits the Warburg effect and diverts glucose into serine biosynthesis, while simultaneously increasing glutamine metabolism via the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Simultaneous arginine deprivation and inhibition of the subsequent metabolic adaptations induce synthetic lethality.
Provisional External Fixation for Periarticular Fractures of the Tibia

Summary High-energy periarticular fractures of the tibia can be limb threatening and functionally compromising injuries. Significant osseous injury can result with concomitant severe soft tissue injury. External fixation can play a pivotal role in staged treatment of these injuries. We present several techniques of distractive, joint spanning, limb realigning external fixation for periarticular fractures of the proximal and distal tibia.
Melanoma cell invasiveness is regulated by miR‐211 suppression of the BRN2 transcription factor

To identify microRNAs potentially involved in melanomagenesis, we compared microRNA expression profiles between melanoma cell lines and cultured melanocytes. The most differentially expressed microRNA between the normal and tumor cell lines was miR‐211. We focused on this pigment‐cell‐enriched miRNA as it is derived from the microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF)‐regulated gene, TRPM1 (melastatin). We find that miR‐211 expression is greatly decreased in melanoma cells and melanoblasts compared to melanocytes. Bioinformatic analysis identified a large number of potential targets of miR‐211, including POU3F2 (BRN2). Inhibition of miR‐211 in normal melanocytes resulted in increased BRN2 protein, indicating that endogenous miR‐211 represses BRN2 in differentiated cells. Over‐expression of miR‐211 in melanoma cell lines changed the invasive potential of the cells in vitro through directly targeting BRN2 translation. We propose a model for the apparent non‐overlapping expression levels of BRN2 and MITF in melanoma, mediated by miR‐211 expression.
Nerve Stimulator–Guided Sciatic-Femoral Block in Pet Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Undergoing Hind Limb Surgery: A Case Series

Abstract This article describes the clinical applicability of a nerve stimulator–guided technique, previously described in dogs, to block the sciatic and the femoral nerves in 4 pet rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ) undergoing hind limb surgeries. Preanesthetic intramuscular doses of medetomidine (0.08mg/kg), ketamine (15mg/kg), and buprenorphine (0.03mg/kg) were administered to the rabbit patients. The rabbits were intubated and general anesthesia was maintained using isoflurane in oxygen. The sciatic-femoral nerve block was performed with 2% lidocaine at a volume of 0.05mL/kg/nerve. Sciatic-femoral block was feasible in rabbits, and the motoric responses following electrical stimulation of both nerves were consistent with those reported in dogs after successful nerve location. Iatrogenic complications, namely nerve damage and local anesthetic toxicity, did not occur. Based on these results, the authors conclude that the sciatic-femoral nerve block described in dogs can be safely performed in rabbits. Clinical trials are required to assess the analgesic efficacy of the combined sciatic-femoral nerve block in rabbits as a part of multimodal pain management.
Kostenvergleich zwischen zwei Kombinationstherapien gegen Hepatitis C mit pegylierten Interferonen und Ribavirin

Die Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit der beiden in der Schweiz zur Behandlung der Hepatitis C zugelassenen Kombinationstherapien (Pegasys®/Copegus®, PAC; PegIntron®/Rebetol®, PIR) ist sehr ahnlich. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist, die Kosten der beiden Therapien zu vergleichen und ihren kostengunstigsten Einsatz zu definieren. Die Durchschnittskosten fur Genotyp-1-Patienten liegen zwischen CHF 21700. - (PAC) und CHF 19700. - (PIR), bzw. CHF 15600. - (PAC) und CHF 15000. - (PIR) fur Genotyp-2/3-Patienten. Ein konsequenter Einsatz von PIR ist 9 bis 12% kostengunstiger als PAC. Weitere Kosteneinsparungen von 3% konnten bei einem Einsatz von PIR bei allen Patienten unter 85 kg (Genotyp 1) bzw. unter 75 kg (Genotyp 2/3) und von PAC bei solchen uber 85 kg (Genotyp 1) bzw. uber 75 kg (Genotyp 2/3) erreicht werden.
Prevalence of habitual refractive errors and anisometropia among Dutch schoolchildren and hospital employees

Purpose: Refractive error (RE) is suggested to cause not only visual impairment, but also functional problems such as aspecific health complaints and lower levels of school achievement. During the last few decades the prevalence of myopia has increased worldwide, especially in Asia. We investigated the prevalence of habitual RE and anisometropia in a Dutch population of children and employees.
THE MONOCYTE IN ACTIVE TUBERCULOSIS: SUPRAVITAL STUDIES OF THE BLOOD

In using the term monocyte to designate the white blood cell commonly known as the transitional or large mononuclear cell, we are following the nomenclature and classification of Sabin, Cunningham and Doan.1These investigators stated that two types of mononuclear cells, namely, the monocyte and the clasmatocyte, can be differentiated by means of the "supravital" staining technic. They believed that these cells have a different anatomic origin, but, under certain circumstances, the common function of phagocytosis. The monocyte arises from a primitive stem cell, which in turn comes from the reticular cells in the bone marrow, spleen and lymph glands. This primitive cell is also the parent stem from which the leukocytic and lymphatic series of cells are derived. The clasmatocyte arises from the cells which come from the endothelium, lining the sinuses of the lymph nodes, the sinusoids of the liver lobules and the capillaries of bone marrow,
Differential clinical significance of αvB3 expression in primary lesions of acral lentiginous melanoma and of other melanoma histotypes

Despite its potential clinical relevance, αvβ3 expression has been analyzed only in a limited number of melanoma lesions, mostly nodular melanoma (NM) and superficial spreading melanoma (SSM). Therefore, in the present study, we have correlated αvβ3 expression in 33 acral lentiginous melanomas (ALMs), 6 lentigo maligna melanomas, 7 mucosal melanomas, 12 NMs and 9 SSMs with their antigenic profile, with their histo‐pathological characteristics and with the clinical course of the disease. Furthermore, we have compared αvβ3 expression in ALM lesions with that in NM and SSM lesions since this information helps to clarify the relationship of the latter 2 histotypes with ALM. Such a relationship is uncertain since ALM has a clinical course similar to that of NM and SSM despite different antigenic profiles and biological characteristics. The level of αvβ3 expression in primary lesions was not correlated with that of high‐m.w. melanoma‐associated antigen and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, with lesion thickness and with disease recurrence in ALM but was significantly correlated with these 4 parameters in the other melanoma histotypes analyzed. Therefore, αvβ3 expression appears to have a differential clinical significance in ALM and in the other histotypes of melanoma we have analyzed since it appears to play a significant role in the progression of the disease only in non‐ALM histotypes. Int. J. Cancer (Pred. Oncol.) 89:153–159, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphological and genetic analyses of the first record of longrakered trevally, Ulua mentalis (Perciformes: Carangidae) and of the pinjalo snapper, Pinjalo pinjalo (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) in the Odisha coast, Bay of Bengal

Abstract Identification of fish species have so far been carried out mostly by classical morpho-taxonomy. In the present study, however, an attempt has been taken to identify two species of fishes Ulua mentalis and Pinjalo pinjalo of order Perciformes which happens to be the first record in Odisha coast Bay of Bengal, India during the year 2015, using DNA barcoding technique for reconfirmation over conventional morpho-taxonomy. During recent past, study of molecular-taxonomical profile of mitochondrial DNA in general and Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (COI) gene in particular has gained enormous importance for accurate identification of species. In the present study, the partial COI sequence of Ulua mentalis and Pinjalo pinjalo were generated. Analysis using the COI gene produced phylogenetic trees in concurrence with other multi gene studies and we came across the identical phylogenetic relationship considering Neighbor-Joining and Maximum Likelihood tree. Moreover, these molecular data set further testified in Bayesian framework to reevaluate the exact taxonomic groupings within the family. Surprisingly, Ulua mentalis and Pinjalo pinjalo seems to be closely related to their sister taxa.
Adalimumab in severe and acute sciatica

Based on several experimental results and on a preliminary study, a trial was undertaken to assess the efficacy of adalimumab, a tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α inhibitor, in patients with radicular pain due to lumbar disc herniation. A multicentre randomised double-blind controlled trial was conducted between May 2005 and December …
Buprenorphin in der Schwangerschaft

: The treatment of opioid dependence during pregnancy is a major challenge for doctors, social workers and gynaecologists. Continuous drug abuse during pregnancy can lead to a variety of complications in the mother, fetus and neonate. lt is recommended practice to maintain pregnant opioid-dependent women with synthetic opioids and according to international guidelines, methadone is the recommended substance so far. However, a neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) of varying severity is observed in 60 - 80 % of the neonates with even a longer course of duration in comparison to the NAS after heroin consumption during pregnancy. NAS is characterised by tremor, irritability, hypertonicity, vomiting, sneezing, fever, poor suckling, and sometimes convulsions. Recent studies have investigated the safety and efficacy of other synthetic opioids like sublingual buprenorphine for the treatment of pregnant patients. We present a 22 year old opioid-dependent woman, who has been maintained continuously on buprenorphine for 3 years. During the treatment episode she delivered two healthy newborns and both did not show any symptoms of NAS. The maintenance therapy with buprenorphine proved safety and efficacy during pregnancy, the mother was free of continuous heroin abuse, verified through supervised urine-toxicology. The quantitative and qualitative difference in NAS may be explained by the partial mu-receptor agonist and kappa-antagonist receptor profile of buprenorphine compared to pure mu-agonist action of methadone or heroin.
Inter‐laboratory comparisons of assessment of the allergenic potential of proteins in mice

Assessment of the potential allergenicity of novel proteins, including those expressed in genetically modified plants, is an important issue. In previous studies, we have shown that the IgE measurement induced by systemic exposure of BALB/c mice to a range of proteins correlates broadly with what is known of their allergenic potential in humans. The approach used a homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) assay that reflects IgE‐dependent biological activity and is of sufficient sensitivity to detect IgE production in the absence of adjuvant. In previous studies, the immunization phase was conducted independently in two separate facilities, and the subsequent analytical work (PCA) conducted in a single facility. The purpose here was to further evaluate the transferability of this approach. To this end, BALB/c mice were exposed to a range of doses of peanut agglutinin or ovalbumin, allergenic proteins of peanut and hen's egg, respectively, in two independent laboratories. Serial doubling dilutions of serum pooled for each treatment group were analyzed for specific IgE. At higher doses of allergen very similar, or identical, IgE titers were achieved in both laboratories, although at lower doses, responses were somewhat more variable. These data demonstrate that, although technically demanding, the measurement of protein allergen‐induced IgE antibody production in mice using PCA is relatively robust and is transferable and reproducible between laboratories. This approach may provide a useful tool for the safety assessment of novel proteins and suggests that continued evaluation of the approach with a wider range of protein allergens and non‐sensitising proteins is justified. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regional Immunity of the Eye

This article reviews molecular mechanism of intraocular inflammation in animal models and in humans, and the immunological defence system of the eye with particular attention to ocular pigment epithelium. In experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), T lymphocytes, particularly CD4+ T lymphocytes, play a central role in its immunopathogenic mechanisms. In humans, activated CD4+ T cells also play a central role in the immunopathogenic mechanisms. This notion is demonstrated in two human diseases: one is Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease, and the other is human T‐cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) uveitis. Activated CD4+ T cells infiltrating the eye are harmful to vision‐related cells and tissues in the eye and cause sight‐threatening conditions. However, the eye has regional defence systems to protect itself from these harmful activated T cells. We focus on ocular pigment epithelium (PE) and demonstrate immunoregulatory activity of iris PE and retinal PE. Iris PE suppresses activated CD4+ T cells by cell‐to‐cell contact with a crucial role played by B7‐2 molecule on iris PE and CTLA4 on T cells. The actual immunosuppressive factor being membrane bound TGF‐β. In contrast, retinal PE suppresses activated CD4+ T cells by soluble factors, such as soluble TGF‐β and thrombospondin 1. In addition to the direct T‐cell suppression by ocular PE, ocular PE has the capacity to promote activated T cells to regulatory T cells and use them as a tool to amplify the immune down regulation in the eye. The molecular mechanisms of generation of T regulatory cells by iris PE and retinal PE is also discussed.
The Non-surgical Management of Ophthalmoplegia

ABSTRACT Ophthalmoplegia can result from damage or dysfunction of the supranuclear eye movement pathways, the brainstem internuclear pathways, or the ocular motor nerves. Diplopia and impaired eye movements are commonly associated symptoms. The goal of non-surgical treatment is usually management of symptoms, and the primary tool used is prism. Results of recent studies in the neurorehabilitation literature have suggested that eye muscle exercise may do more than compensate for symptoms of ophthalmoplegia. They may accelerate recovery for those conditions in which recuperation is possible, and restore ocular mobility in chronic and degenerative conditions. A large, randomized, blind study is needed to investigate the efficacy of eye exercises in ophthalmoplegia.
Epidemiology of exfoliation syndrome in the Reykjavik Eye Study

Exfoliation syndrome (XFS) is a major risk factor for glaucoma. It is characterized by a pathological accumulation of polymorphic fibrillar material in the anterior segment of the eye. It is likely that the increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) seen in XFS patients is at least in part because of flakes of material clogging up the trabecular meshwork, and thereby increasing the resistance to outflow and increasing IOP. XFS glaucoma progresses more rapidly, is more resistant to medical treatment and has worse prognosis than other glaucomas. The prevalence of XFS has been found to vary greatly between different studies, raising the possibility of racial and/or environmental modulators. XFS has also been linked to other changes in ophthalmological structures such as; changes in central corneal thickness (CCT), steeper corneal curvature (CC) and nuclear lens opacifications. Some studies have found XFS to be associated with systemic diseases, mostly cardiovascular and cerebrovascular. Exposure to ultra‐violet (UV) light has also been investigated as a possible culprit, along with several other plausible factors. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and 5‐year incidence of XFS, to establish possible risk factors and/or concomitant symptoms and finally to investigate the relationship between XFS and glaucomatous changes.
Intergenerational exchanges in Vietnam: Family size, sex composition, and the location of children

This study examines variations in intergenerational support by family size, family composition, and location of children in Vietnam. Results from two regional surveys confirm the central role of children in assisting elderly parents but relationships with family size depend on the type of support considered. Co-residence with married children varies little with family size but incidence of material support, and the numbers providing it, increases with the number of children. Non-co-resident sons and daughters differ minimally in providing material and social support. In the north, co-residence with married children is limited largely to sons while in the south more flexibility is evident. While having a son increases the chance of co-residence, having more than one son has no additional effect. Although future elderly will have smaller family sizes this is unlikely to have a major adverse impact on their well-being except possibly for northern elders without sons.
Clinical Communications : Adults ACUTE MULTI-VESSEL CORONARY STENT THROMBOSIS

e Abstract—Background: Coronary artery stent thrombosis is a rare but often fatal complication associated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using both baremetal stents and drug-eluting stents. Although strict adherence to dual anti-platelet therapy (aspirin plus clopidogrel) minimizes this risk, stent thrombosis will still occur in rare patients, leading to acute, subacute, or late life-threatening acute coronary syndromes. Objectives: To present a rare case of acute stent thrombosis involving multiple vessels to increase awareness of this life-threatening condition among emergency physicians, and to review the current guidelines for anti-platelet therapy in this patient population. Case Report: A 52-year-old man who underwent PCI using drug-eluting stents in two separate coronary vessels presented to the Emergency Department within 2 h of discharge from the hospital with chest pain, dynamic electrocardiogram changes, and elevated cardiac markers. Despite compliance with the current recommendations for post-PCI anti-platelet therapy, urgent repeat catheterization revealed total thrombotic occlusion of both stents, requiring urgent repeat intervention. Conclusion: Despite patient compliance with the currently recommended anti-platelet regimen after stent therapy for coronary artery disease, acute stent thrombosis remains a rare but life-threatening risk in both the immediate and delayed post-intervention period. In addition, premature cessation of this anti-platelet therapy stands as the greatest risk factor for such throm-
Mustard gas toxicity: the acute and chronic pathological effects

Ever since it was first used in armed conflict, mustard gas (sulfur mustard, MG) has been known to cause a wide range of acute and chronic injuries to exposure victims. The earliest descriptions of these injuries were published during and in the immediate aftermath of the First World War, and a further series of accounts followed the Second World War. More recently, MG has been deployed in warfare in the Middle East and this resulted in large numbers of victims, whose conditions have been studied in detail at hospitals in the region. In this review, we bring together the older and more recent clinical studies on MG toxicity and summarize what is now known about the acute and chronic effects of the agent on the eyes, skin, respiratory tract and other physiological systems. In the majority of patients, the most clinically serious long‐term consequences of MG poisoning are on the respiratory system, but the effects on the skin and other systems also have a significant impact on quality of life. Aspects of the management of these patients are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Avoiding the “Danger Zones” When Injecting Dermal Fillers and Volume Enhancers

Aesthetic providers need to be aware of the serious potential complications that can result from occlusion of specific facial arterial and venous structures. This article focuses on the anatomical “danger zones” to avoid during dermal filler and volume enhancer injection procedures. Clinical pearls are provided on how to avoid these “danger zones” and what to do if a rare complication (e.g., skin necrosis or vision loss) does occur.