Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A taxonomy of basic natural entities

The taxonomy set out in this chapter explores the connection between the ontology of concrete entities and their representation by nouns in languages like French and English. Basic entities are compared with super-entities, composed of several basic entities, and sub-entities that are parts of basic entities. A distinction is established between material entities and the spatial entities they occupy. Some criteria are also provided to distinguish between masses versus entities represented by count nouns, and masses versus aggregates. It is claimed that collections, like forests, are super-entities that share similarities with aggregates. Finally, three types of mixtures – assortments, blends and fusions – are distinguished and an analysis of the way we refer to them is proposed.
SME Financing in Morocco: Issues and Alternatives

Small and medium enterprises, which are the key element to the development of the economy of a country like Morocco, are involved in varied activities related to trade, agriculture, crafts, tourism. It is clear that they require funds to start their activity first and then work on improving it. However, SMEs face some difficulties related to financial needs due to the quantitative and qualitative rationing imposed by the traditional financial system against them. Therefore, SMEs look for financial means that meet their specific liquidity needs, such as participatory banking which could be a credible alternative to classical financing of SME.Therefore, this article is dedicated to the presentation of different theoretical reflections and the results of the first exploratory study based on the interviews with business account managers in several Moroccan banks about the issue of the specificity of SMEs and their financing by conventional banks.
Study on Some Qualitative Features of Meat from Young Goat of Bulgarian Breeds and Crossbreeds of Goats Slaughtered at Various Ages

A comparative study on the quality of meat from three breeds of goats reared in Bulgaria: Local Aboriginal (LA); Bulgarian White Dairy (BWD) and crossbreeds of local aboriginal with Saanen goats (LA × S). Eight intact young male goats from each breed have been included in the experiment. The animals from the three breeds have been reared under similar conditions. The animals have been slaughtered at the age of 2 months (at weaning) and at the age of 6 months (upon reaching sexual maturity). The following tests have been performed on samples of m. longissimus dorsi between 5 th and 6 th ribs: pH 45 min post mortum, colorimetrically color of meat, water holding capacity and fatty acid composition of the fat. The thickness of muscle fibre and the proportion of muscle, connective and adipose tissue have been microscopically determined at m. longissimus dorsi, m. semitendinosus and m. iliopsoas. After deboning and separating the bigger tendons, the chemical composition of the meat from the left half of the carcass has been determined. The results reveal lack of statistically significant differences among the three breeds concerning pH, the water holding capacity, color of meat, thickness of the muscle fibre and fatty acid composition of the fat. The carcass meat of crossbreeds of LA × S contains significantly more fat than the other two breeds. This influences the proportion of muscle, connective and adipose tissue in m. longissimus dorsi, m. semitendinosus and m. iliopsoas, resulting in more adipose tissue in the LA × S compared to young goats of the LA or the BWD. There are differences in slaughtering 2-month-old goats (at weaning) and 6-month-old ones (upon reaching sexual maturity). At a greater age the content of fat in the carcass increases, as well as the quantity of the adipose tissue, the intensity of the colour of the meat and there is a tendency towards thickening of the muscle fibre and increasing the water holding capacity of meat. The moisture content in meat decreases due to the increase of fat. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2002. Vol 15, No. 2 : 283-289)
What do academics know and do about plagiarism? An interview study with Chinese university teachers of English

Previous research on plagiarism has increased awareness and knowledge of the various aspects of this issue, such as contributing factors to plagiarism, students’ and teachers’ perceptions of plagiarism, and institutional policies and regulations on plagiarism. Yet much of this research, especially on the latter two aspects, has been conducted in Anglo-American contexts or English-as-a-second-language (ESL) settings (where English is an official or important language in the larger societal context), while the diversity of English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) contexts (where English as a foreign language is largely used only in the language classroom) remains relatively under-researched. Of those studies that did focus on EFL contexts, the majority were based on survey data that were limited in the depth of information collected. To address this relative lack of in-depth understanding of how plagiarism is understood and acted against in EFL contexts, this paper reports on an interview study with 13 EFL teachers from 12 universities in mainland China. The study focused on the teachers’ knowledge and attitudes concerning plagiarism, plagiarism-related pedagogical practices, as well as perceived stances and expectations of their institutions in plagiarism prevention. Its findings contribute to the current knowledge base of EFL academics’ views and practices regarding plagiarism, add to our understanding of EFL teachers’ experiences concerning plagiarism in specific educational settings, and inform institutions’ efforts to develop and improve strategies and policies for preventing plagiarism.
Segmentation Approach for Remote Sensing Images Based on Local Homogeneity Gradient and Its Evaluation

A fast segmentation approach for multi-band remote—sensing images was proposed.First,remote—sensing images were quantized.Second,local homogeneity gradient images were produced based on quantization results.Third,a fast watershed transform was applied to gradient images to perform initial segmentation.Finally,an efficient region merging approach was implemented to obtain final segmentation results.To validate the proposed approach,experiments on Quickbird images were performed,and segmentation evaluations were conducted.Evaluation results indicated that the proposed approach was a suitable one for segmenting remote—sensing images,which is better than the Multiresolution segmentation approach with respect to segmentation speed and accuracy.
Scheduler in Cloud Computing using Open Source Technologies

Cloud Computing utilities are coming to be omnipresent, and then are beginning to serve as the essential root of computing capacity for both undertakings and private computing requisitions. Any request comes to cloud will be provided by cloud in terms of Virtual Machine. On which basis, Virtual Machine will be allocated to particular host will be decided by Scheduler. We make an effort to establish private cloud using OpenNebula – an open source technology to establish cloud, and carried out tests regarding how scheduler behave with different requests.
Fractional flow reserve in acute coronary syndrome: a meta-analysis and systematic review

Background The utility of fractional flow reserve (FFR) to guide revascularisation in the management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains unclear. Objective This study aims to compare the clinical outcomes of patients following FFR-guided revascularisation for either ACS or stable angina (SA) and in particular focuses on the outcome of those with deferred revascularisation after FFR. Methods A meta-analysis of existing literature was performed. Outcomes including the rate of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), recurrent myocardial infarction (MI), mortality and unplanned revascularisation were analysed. Results A review of 937 records yielded 9 studies comparing 5457 patients, which were included in the analyses. Patients with ACS had a higher rate of recurrent MI (OR 1.81, p=0.02) and a strong trend towards more MACE and all-cause mortality compared with patients with SA when treated by an FFR-guided revascularisation strategy. Deferral of invasive therapy on the basis of FFR led to a higher rate of MACE (17.6% vs 7.3 %; p=0.004), recurrent MI (5.3% vs 1.5%, p=0.001) and target vessel revascularisation (16.4% vs 5.6 %; p=0.02) in patients with ACS, and a strong trend towards a higher cardiovascular mortality at follow-up when compared with patients with SA. Conclusion The event rate in patients with ACS is much higher than SA despite following an FFR-guided revascularisation strategy. Deferring revascularisation does not appear to be as safe for ACS as it is for SA using contemporary FFR cut-offs validated in SA. Refinement of the therapeutic strategy for patients with ACS with multivessel disease is needed to redress the balance.
Comercialización de agentes de control biológico

En general, los bioplaguicidas solo representan un 5 % del mercado mundial de los productos fitosanitarios. Sin embargo, la industria del biocontrol esta creciendo entre un 8 % y un 12 % anual, y se espera que el crecimiento para el 2020 sea entre el 15 % y el 20 %, es decir, una de las mayores perspectivas de crecimiento entre todos los subsectores de los agronegocios. Este panorama ha hecho que en los ultimos cinco anos haya crecido ampliamente el modelo de las grandes multinacionales que proyectan el tema de los bioplaguicidas como una nueva oportunidad para obtener beneficios, estableciendo nuevas unidades de negocio, ya sea realizando acuerdos comerciales o comprando medianas o grandes empresas con exito en el biocontrol. El crecimiento del mercado de los bioplaguicidas sera impulsado por el uso de agentes de biocontrol en programas de manejo integrado de plagas (mip) en combinacion con productos quimicos, por su uso en cultivos de gran extension y alto valor economico, por el desarrollo de productos innovadores (nuevas formulaciones mas estables y con varios usos, uso de herramientas moleculares, nuevos principios activos, etc.) y por presiones regulatorias y cambios en las politicas que piensan en la seguridad del medio ambiente. Lamentablemente, las propiedades favorables de los productos de control biologico, como la seguridad para el ser humano, la carencia de residualidad, la seguridad con el medio ambiente, etc., son dificiles de explotar en un precio de venta. La competencia se basa principalmente en factores tradicionales como la eficacia y costos.
Data Synchronisation in Parallel Unstructured Mesh Applications

Parallel computing is commonly used in computational fluid dynamics. For distributed memory machines – currently the most used architecture for large parallel machines – mesh partitioning is utilized to distribute the workload. In iterative codes, the cost of synchronising the partition borders will be the dominant factor in determining the parallel performance. As such, optimal synchronisation is of upmost concern. MPI, the de facto programming model for these machines, traditionally offered multiple ways to implement this synchronisation. However, in practice, inefficiencies in the MPI libraries usually limited portable applications to a single method. Advances in MPI implementations, interconnect networks and processor technology now changed the situation. In this work, we reevaluate boundary synchronisation. The communication pattern arising from the partitioning of different 2D and 3D meshes is studied, and used as input to a number of MPI synchronisation methods, both on distributed memory and on shared memory machines. 1 Motivation and Problem Description Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) deals with the solution of a system of partial differential equations describing the motion of a fluid. This is commonly done by discretizing these equations on a mesh. Depending on the numerical algorithm, a set of unknowns is associated with either nodes or cells of the mesh. The amount of computational work is proportional to the number of cells. For realistic problems this quickly leads to simulations larger than a single system can handle. Using mesh partitioning to speed up these simulations is by now an established practice. However, something recently changed: the ever increasing grow of per-core processor performance has now stopped[1], and there is a clear evolution into the direction of increasing the number of cores instead. Some architectures[4, 5] take this one step further and trade per-core performance for a significant increase in the number of cores. The overhead of the parallel simulation (mainly communication and synchronisation) will vary greatly with the mesh size and computational cost of each
Global Reputation Management: Understanding and Managing Reputation as Shared Value across Borders

Abstract In this chapter, we explore the multilevel nature of reputation from a shared value perspective. Building on a large body of literature surrounding corporate reputation, we discuss how the creation of reputational value at the firm level may also lead to value shared by the industries and countries in which a firm operates, and vice versa. In examining the recursive and dynamic relationships, strategic implications emerge with regard to managing reputations globally. We argue that the value of reputation is determined by the ability to meet the expectations of stakeholders with respect to what they as an audience perceive as important. Stakeholders’ expectations and perceptions of what is valuable fluctuate across different markets and the more heterogeneous the markets in which a firm diversifies internationally, the more difficult it will be to manage all these expectations. By building on our understanding of firm, industry, and country reputation, and the recursive relationships between them, we contend that creating shared value (CSV), as part of the global reputation management process (GRM), is likely to be easier when there is contextual similarity and limited product diversification. Building on previous frameworks, and employing signaling theory, we create a simplified model of GRM that highlights CSV in the form of multilevel reputation. Distinctions are drawn between being efficient and effective as part of the GRM process and a corresponding typology is created. The chapter concludes with a discussion of strategic implications, alongside a few recommendations, and possible directions for future research.
Title Agglomeration and Networks in Spatial Economies

We consider the parallel developments in the economics of agglomeration and the economics of networks. We explore the complementarities between the productivity benefits of agglomeration and those of network linkages, arguing that networks of actors dispersed over space may substitute for agglomerations of actors at a single point. JEL classification: D20, L14, R30
An Analysis of Takaful: The Potential and Role in Financial Inclusion and Challenges Ahead

This paper will look to analyze Takaful and the Takaful industry in existence today with regards to its potential for growth and the challenges associated with its development. The possibilities associated with Takaful are numerous primarily due to its widened market reach and adaptability; Takaful, unlike conventional insurance, is permissible to Muslims and non-Muslims alike providing more versatile offerings. The Takaful industry is also one of the fastest growing businesses, substantially contributing to the global insurance industry as a whole. However, despite the prospects of Takaful, the industry today faces many obstacles. Above all, the total value of the Takaful industry with regards to its combined total assets and contributions (premium) is negligible if we consider both the size of the Muslim population and the conventional insurance industry. Not to mention the challenges associated with monitoring and transparency, standardization and lack of knowledge. Therefore, this paper will analyze the economic potential and influence of the Takaful industry as well as investigate the role of Takaful in poverty alleviation, where some research has already proven successful. It will also look into the challenges faced by the industry, stalling its development and deterring it from reaching its full potential.
Enhanced Re-ranking and Semantic Similarity Algorithm for Image Search Goals using Click-through Logs

The objective of the proposal is to analyze the user search goals for a query which can be very useful in improving search engine relevance and user experience. Although the research on inferring user goals or intents for text search has received much attention, little has been proposed for image search with visual information. In this project, we propose a novel approach to capture user search goals in image search by exploring images which are extracted by mining single sessions in user click-through logs to reflect user information needs. Moreover, we also propose a novel evaluation criterion to determine the number of user search goals for a query. Modified re-ranking and semantic similarity algorithm are part of this proposal. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Introducing Community Audio Towers as an alternative to community radio in Uganda

Community radio started as an alternative to commercial media. The need for an alternative was clear, with many societal voices unrepresented, indicating the domination of the means of mental production by a few. This article presents two communities in Uganda that use Community Audio Towers (CATs) as an alternative to community radio, and examines why the communities prefer the use of CATs to ‘mainstream’ community radio. Using data collected through observation at two sites in Uganda and 10 key informant interviews from major communication stakeholders, including Uganda’s Minister of Information and Communication Technology, the article presents findings indicating that CATs are self-sustaining, with no NGO influence, and they redefine news to mean local emergencies and occurrences, while having no structures (horizontal/vertical rhetoric) as they are started and run by one community member. The challenges of the new alternative media are also discussed.
Efficient Re-Clustering for Convolutional Neural Networks

With the rapid development of face recognition, it has been widely applied to various fields and scenes. Due to the unstable light condition, rotation and occlusion, the stability of the recognition performance is still an issue. In this work, we study the VGG model and analyze features’ distribution extracted with the VGG model. To achieving good performance, we suggest a t-distribution based VGG model to reduce the dimension of features and re-clustering them. Furthermore, by recording the path of dimension reduction in training phase, the computational complexity of the test phase is decreased. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on public available datasets. The experimental results demonstrate the significant improvement of the proposed approach on both the simplification of feature space and the efficiency of recognition, especially on limited data. Keywords-face recognition; t-distribution; convolutional network; re-clustering; dimensional reduction
The Impact of Financial Incentives on Demand and Supply of Health Care Services in Norway: Empirical Studies on Co-Payments and Activity-Based Hospital Financing

It has been argued that activity based payment systems make hospitals focus on the diagnostic groups that are most beneficial given costs and reimbursement rates. This article tests this hypothesis by exploring the relationship between changes in the reimbursement rates and changes in the number of registered treatment episodes for all diagnosis-related groups in Norway between 2006 and 2013. The number of treatment episodes can be affected by many factors and in order to isolate the effect of changes in the reimbursement system, we exclude DRGs affected by policy reforms and administrative changes. The results show that hospitals increased the number of admissions in a specific DRG four times more when the reimbursement was increased, relative to the change for DRGs with reduced rates. The direction of the result was consistent across time periods and sub-groups such as surgical vs. medical, and inpatient vs. outpatient DRGs. The effect was smaller, but remained significant after eliminating DRGs that were most likely to be affected by upcoding. Activities that the hospital had little control over, such as the number of births, had small effects, while activity levels in more discretionary categories, for instance mental diseases, were more affected. This demonstrates that contrary to the wishes of policy makers the economic incentives affect hospital reporting and priority setting behavior. © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Collection Tree Protocol

KURZFASSUNG Das Sammeln von Messdaten gehort zu den Hauptaufgaben von drahtlosen Sensornetzwerken. Die von den Sensorknoten erfassten Messwerte sollen moglichst vollstandig und uber mehrere Hops zu einer zentralen Sammeleinheit weitergeleitet werden. Die in drahtlosen Sensornetzwerken auftretenden Beeintrachtigungen, wie etwa stark asymmetrische Verbindungsqualitaten und haufige Topologieanderungen durch Knotenmobilitat oder -ausfalle, stellen hierbei hohe Anforderungen an das Routingprotokoll. Vorliegende Arbeit stellt das Collection Tree Protocol (CTP) vor, ein fur dieses Einsatzgebiet entwickeltes Routingprotokoll, welches die oben genannten Probleme adressiert. Ausgehend von der popularen CTP-Implementierung des Sensorknotenbetriebssystems TinyOS wird die Funktionsweise von CTP detailliert erlautert.
The Decommodified Security Ratio: A Tool for Assessing European Social Protection Systems

With a view to better assessment of the roles played by social security and social policy in determining well-being, this article introduces the "decommodified security ratio" (DSR), an instrument for evaluating an important duty of the social State, namely to maintain and improve people's economic security. To that end we describe the conventions for its use, analyse its main components in 20 European countries in 2002 and simulate the changes in it produced by ten variations in those components. From an analysis of the sensitivities of economic security we then demonstrate three different rationales.
Nearshore Dynamics of Tsunami-like Undular Bores using a Fully Nonlinear Boussinesq Model

Tissier, M. , Bonneton, P., Marche, F. , Chazel, F. And Lannes, D. , 2011. Nearshore dynamics of tsunami-li ke undular bore using a fully nonlinear Boussinesq mode l. Journal of Coastal Research, SI 64 (Proceedings of the 11th International Coastal Symposium), pg ‐ pg. Szczecin, Poland, ISSN 0749-0208 When tsunami wave fronts reach the shore, they can evolve into a large range of bore types, from undul ar nonbreaking bore to purely breaking bore. It is the co mplex competition between non-linearities, dispersi ve effects and energy dissipation which will govern their tran sformations, making the prediction of their evoluti on a challenging task for numerical models. In this pape r we investigate the ability of a fully nonlinear Bo ussinesq model, SURF-WB, to predict bore dynamics in a large range of Froude numbers. The model is first applied to the formation of undular bores, and compared with l aboratory data. Its ability to predict the differen t bore shapes is then investigated. Finally, the effects of the b ore transformation on wave run-up over a sloping be ach are considered.