Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Overview of SINET3-next-generation Science Information Network

This paper outlines the next-generation science information network, called SINET3, which will be launched in April 2007 as the integrated successor network to SINET and SuperSINET. Using leading-edge networking technologies, SINET3 will provide a rich variety of network services and will adapt flexibly to the needs of the research and education community. The network services include multi-layer services such as IP, Ethernet, and lambda services, well-prepared virtual private network services for collaborative research among related organizations, and layer-1 bandwidth on demand services for emerging high-performance applications. Introducing layer-1 switches as core network components, the network will be structurally changed into an advanced hybrid optical and IP/MPLS network and will form a nationwide innovative network infrastructure for the research and education community. This paper gives an overview of SINET3 from the viewpoints of network services, network architecture, and networking technologies.
Practical active packets

Active networking adds programmability to the network infrastructure to promote service introduction. One approach involves active packets that carry programs rather than standard passive headers. To date, no one has proposed an active packet system that is truly practical: providing added flexibility over passive packet schemes without sacrificing either safety or efficiency. In this work, we propose a new system, SNAP (Safe and Nimble Active Packets), that strikes a useful balance. First, SNAP is safe. We use a combination of language design (limited expressiveness) and safe interpretation techniques that allow us to show that SNAP exhibits robustness (resistance to malicious or buggy code), isolation (non-interference with other packets), and resource predictability. In particular, we prove that each execution of a packet program consumes at most an amount of CPU and memory resources that are linearly proportional to the program's length; we also show the total number of packet executions that can be caused by a packet or its descendents is bounded. Second, SNAP is efficient. We designed the SNAP packet format to minimize memory overhead: most packets can be executed in-place in kernel network buffers. We show experimentally that SNAP latency and bandwidth microbenchmarks perform within a few percent of their IP-family counterparts in software routers connected by 100 Mb/s Ethernet links. SNAP incurs extremely low overhead: IP-like functionality is available at IP-like performance. Finally, SNAP is flexible, despite the fact that we have limited its expressiveness. We briefly describe a compiler that translates PLAN (an earlier active packet language) into SNAP using a combination of function inlining and sending copies of the current packet over a node's loopback interface to emulate backward branches. Since this loopback technique consumes one unit of resource bound, we find that the resource bound field of the packet is a convenient knob for trading off tight bounds on global resource usage for increased flexibility (in terms of the amount of looping available to the packet). We also describe two new native SNAP applications: distributed denial-of-service attack detection and active video-on-demand.
Assessing response to neo-adjuvant therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer using Intra-voxel Incoherent Motion modelling by DWI data and Standardized Index of Shape from DCE-MRI

Background: Our aim was to investigate preoperative chemoradiation therapy (pCRT) response in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) comparing standardized index of shape (SIS) obtained from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) with intravoxel-incoherent-motion-modelling-derived parameters by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Materials and methods: Eighty-eight patients with LARC were subjected to MRI before and after pCRT. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), tissue diffusion (Dt), pseudodiffusion (Dp) and perfusion fraction (f) were calculated and percentage changes ∆ADC, ∆Dt, ∆Dp, ∆f were computed. SIS was derived comparing DCE-MRI pre- and post-pCRT. Nonparametric tests and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed. Results: A total of 52 patients were classified as responders (tumour regression grade; TRG ⩽ 2) and 36 as not-responders (TRG > 3). Mann–Whitney U test showed statistically significant differences in SIS, ∆ADC and ∆Dt between responders and not-responders and between complete responders (19 patients with TRG = 1) versus incomplete responders. The best parameters to discriminate responders by nonresponders were SIS and ∆ADC, with an accuracy of 91% and 82% (cutoffs of −5.2% and 18.7%, respectively); the best parameters to detect pathological complete responders were SIS, ∆f and ∆Dp with an accuracy of 78% (cutoffs of 38.5%, 60.0% and 83.0%, respectively). No increase of performance was observed by combining linearly each possible couple of parameters or combining all parameters. Conclusion: SIS allows assessment of preoperative treatment response with high accuracy guiding the surgeon versus more or less conservative treatment. DWI-derived parameters reached less accuracy compared with SIS and combining linearly DCE- and DWI-derived parameters; no increase of accuracy was obtained.
Trends in liver cancer mortality in the United States: Dual burden among foreign‐ and US‐born persons

Since the mid‐1980s, the burden of liver cancer in the United States has doubled, with 31,411 new cases and 24,698 deaths occurring in 2014. Foreign‐born individuals may be more likely to die of liver cancer than individuals in the general US‐born population because of higher rates of hepatitis B infection, a low socioeconomic position, and language barriers that limit the receipt of early cancer detection and effective treatment.
Truthful Mechanisms for Agents That Value Privacy

Recent work has constructed economic mechanisms that are both truthful and differentially private. In these mechanisms, privacy is treated separately from truthfulness; it is not incorporated in players’ utility functions (and doing so has been shown to lead to nontruthfulness in some cases). In this work, we propose a new, general way of modeling privacy in players’ utility functions. Specifically, we only assume that if an outcome o has the property that any report of player i would have led to o with approximately the same probability, then o has a small privacy cost to player i. We give three mechanisms that are truthful with respect to our modeling of privacy: for an election between two candidates, for a discrete version of the facility location problem, and for a general social choice problem with discrete utilities (via a VCG-like mechanism). As the number n of players increases, the social welfare achieved by our mechanisms approaches optimal (as a fraction of n).
Improved Decoy Selection via Machine Learning and Ranking

Figure 1: Purity comparison on 13 test cases. The proposed method is tracked in purple; other colors track other basin-based methods. Purity ranges from 0% (low) to 100% (high). Selection of biologically-active/native tertiary structures among decoy structures computed by template-free protein structure prediction methods remains a challenging problem. The scoring/energy function that guides these methods is an unreliable indicator of nativeness. Currently, the most popular decoy selection methods rely on clustering decoys based on structural similarity but achieve varied success and are computationally expensive for large datasets [1]. Recently, an alternative multi-model approach that utilizes the concepts of basins in the energy landscape housing the computed decoys has shown promise in overcoming some of the limitations of clustering-based approaches. Work in [2] shows that rankingbased basin selection strategies outperform a standard clustering-based decoy selection method in terms of purity (percentage of true positives relative to size of the selected basins(s), penalizing the selected basin(s) by the extent of false positives found in that basin(s)). Despite these promising results, failing to perform consistently well over varied test cases remains a bottleneck to decoy selection. In this work, we propose a two-phase machine learning-based framework that utilizes characteristics of basins extracted from an energy landscape together with three knowledge-based potentials. In phase 1, we regress the basin features on purity and rank basins based on predicted purity. Regression is applied on decoy features in phase 2, and potentially non-native decoys are eliminated based on the predicted root-mean-squareddeviation from the (unknown) native structure to further purify the basins selected in phase 1. Empirical investigation conducted on 18 benchmark proteins shows that the proposed machine learning-based framework offers better performance; a comparative evaluation is related in Figure 1. The proposed method performs consistently well over varied test cases and opens the way to further research in this direction. REFERENCES
P38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase and Parkinson’s Disease

Abstract Parkinson’s disease, the second major neurodegenerative disease, has created a great impact on the elder people. Although the mechanisms underlying Parkinson’s disease are not fully understood, considerable evidence suggests that neuro-inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis are involved in the disease. p38MAPK, an important member of the mitogen-activated protein family, controls several important functions in the cell, suggesting a potential pathogenic role in PD. This review provides a brief description of the role and mechanism of p38MAPK in Parkinson’s disease.
Scylla: interleaving multiple IoT stacks on a single radio

IoT deployments often require communication between devices that employ heterogeneous wireless technologies. Traditionally, expensive gateways are used to relay packets between heterogeneous nodes. Recent cross-technology communication offers a low bandwidth alternative, which is only feasible when communication between such nodes is limited to simple binary commands. In contrast, our work capitalizes on the increasing presence of multi-standard radio chips in mainstream IoT devices, to provide a new perspective on how to enable direct communication between heterogeneous nodes. We design Scylla---a software control layer---that allows multiple wireless stacks to coexist on top of a single radio chip, thereby simultaneously offering multiple communication interfaces. Uniquely, Scylla achieves near stack-native performance and requires no changes to the standards.
Smartlinks in a video-based collaborative distance learning system: a cognitive model and evaluation study

A novel Video-based Collaborative Distance Learning (VCDL) tool, the Interactive Shared Educational Environment (ISEE), was designed and developed. Multiple information channels including a video player, an interactive chat room, and a sharable web browser were integrated into a reconfigurable user interface and were linked together through “smartlinks”—a hyperlink mechanism to automatically synchronize between two independent information channels. A cognitive VCDL model was proposed based on cognitive load theory for learning. Three effects, the channel synchronization effect, the information flow-control effect, and the collaboration grounding effect, were suggested to minimize extraneous cognitive load in VCDL. An important component of the collaborative grounding effect is video grounding that insures that learners share the same video context while collaborating. A user study was conducted to test how smartlinks between the video player and the chat room affected video grounding. Fifty-nine subjects participated in the study and post-session questionnaire comments demonstrated that the efficacy of the design idea of the integration of a video player and a chat room for personal note taking and discussions. Smartlinks facilitated personal note taking by automatically recording the timestamps of each note. No statistically significant differences were found between using the smartlinks ISEE interface and the non-smartlinks ISEE interface in terms of cognitive load, learning performance, satisfaction, and user interaction.
Symposium review: Intravital imaging of the lactating mammary gland in live mice reveals novel aspects of milk-lipid secretion

ABSTRACT Milk fat comprises membrane-coated droplets of neutral lipid, which constitute the predominant source of lipids for survival of the suckling neonate. From the perspective of the dairy industry, they are the basis for the manufacture of butter and essential ingredients in the production of cheese, yogurt, and specialty dairy produce. To provide mechanistic insight into the assembly and secretion of lipid droplets during lactation, we developed novel intravital imaging techniques using transgenic mice, which express fluorescently tagged marker proteins. The number 4 mammary glands were surgically prepared under a deep plane of anesthesia and the exposed glands positioned as a skin flap with intact vascular supply on the stage of a laser-scanning confocal microscope. Lipid droplets were stained by prior exposure of the glands to hydrophobic fluorescent BODIPY (boron-dipyrromethene) dyes and their formation and secretion monitored by time-lapse subcellular microscopy over periods of 1 to 2 h. Droplets were transported to the cell apex by directed (superdiffusive) motion at relatively slow and intermittent rates (0–2 µm/min). Regardless of size, droplets grew by numerous fusion events during transport and as they were budding from the cell enveloped by apical membranes. Surprisingly, droplet secretion was not constitutive but required an injection of oxytocin to induce contraction of the myoepithelium with subsequent release of droplets into luminal spaces. These novel results are discussed in the context of the current paradigm for milk fat synthesis and secretion and as a template for future innovations in the dairy industry.
Ethyl 4‐(4,5‐dimethoxy‐2‐nitrophenyl)‐6‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐2‐thioxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyrimidine‐5‐carboxylate

In the title compound, C22H23N3O6S, the pyridimine ring adopts a screw boat conformation, with one C and one N atom displaced from the plane of the remaining atoms. In the crystal structure, centrosymmetric dimers are formed via pairs of N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds. The keto O atom of the ester group is disordered equally over two positions.
L’influence de la consommation régionale sur l’identité personnelle : l’exemple de la Bretagne

L’objectif de cet article est d’eclairer les liens entre consommation de produits regionaux et identite personnelle. Une etude qualitative menee aupres de 26 consommateurs bretons – une region a forte identite culturelle – permet de degager six profils de consommateurs, structures a partir de criteres cognitifs et affectifs (l’appartenance a la Bretagne et le sentiment d’identite bretonne) et comportementaux (la consommation de produits bretons). Les resultats indiquent que la consommation regionale peut etre, ou ne pas etre, constitutive de l’identite personnelle. Elle peut meme etre refusee lorsqu’elle vehicule des stereotypes. Pour d’autres consommateurs, c’est davantage le fait que le produit soit fabrique localement qui compte. L’article se conclut par la transposition de ces profils en cibles marketing pour les producteurs regionaux.
Scene Recognition Through Visual and Acoustic Cues Using K-Means

We propose a K-Means based prediction system, nicknamed SERVANT (Scene Recognition Through Visual and Acoustic Cues), that is capable of recognizing environmental scenes through analysis of ambient sound and color cues. The concept and implementation originated within the Learning branch of the Intelligent Wearable Robotics Project (also known as the Third Arm project) at the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Lab-Toyota Center (SAIL-TC). The Third Arm Project focuses on the development and conceptualization of a robotic arm that can aid users in a whole array of situations: i.e. carrying a cup of coffee, holding a flashlight. Servant uses a K-Means fit-and-predict architecture to classify environmental scenes, such as that of a coffee shop or a basketball gym, using visual and auditory cues. Following such classification, Servant can recommend contextual actions based on prior training.
The recombination mediator proteins RecFOR maintain RecA* levels for maximal DNA polymerase V Mut activity

DNA template damage can potentially block DNA replication. Cells have therefore developed different strategies to repair template lesions. Activation of the bacterial lesion bypass DNA polymerase V (Pol V) requires both the cleavage of the UmuD subunit to UmuD′ and the acquisition of a monomer of activated RecA recombinase, forming Pol V Mut. Both of these events are mediated by the generation of RecA* via the formation of a RecA–ssDNA filament during the SOS response. Formation of RecA* is itself modulated by competition with the ssDNA-binding protein (SSB) for binding to ssDNA. Previous observations have demonstrated that RecA filament formation on SSB-coated DNA can be favored in the presence of the recombination mediator proteins RecF, RecO, and RecR. We show here using purified proteins that in the presence of SSB and RecA, a stable RecA–ssDNA filament is not formed, although sufficient RecA* is generated to support some activation of Pol V. The presence of RecFOR increased RecA* generation and allowed Pol V to synthesize longer DNA products and to elongate from an unpaired primer terminus opposite template damage, also without the generation of a stable RecA–ssDNA filament.
Evaluation Using an Isolated Reperfusion Model for Porcine Liver Donated After Cardiac Death Preserved with Oxygenated Hypothermic Machine Perfusion

Background Machine perfusion techniques offer a solution to the serious organ shortage. However, to assess the effects of machine perfusion, many detailed studies are required. In this study, an ex vivo reperfusion model using diluted autologous blood was confirmed to evaluate the utility of machine preservation for livers donated after cardiac death (DCD). In particular, beneficial effects of the oxygenated hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) for DCD porcine livers are evaluated. Material/Methods Porcine livers were procured under warm ischemia time (WIT) of 60 min. The livers were preserved by hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) or static cold storage (CS) for 4 h. After the preservation, the livers were perfused for 2 h using the ex vivo reperfusion model with diluted blood oxygenated by a membrane oxygenator at 35–38°C. Results At 2 h of ex vivo reperfusion with 60 min of warm ischemic time (WIT), the portal vein pressure for CS was higher than HMP (18.8±15.9 vs. 7.5±3.9 [mmHg] in 60 min). Furthermore, LDH in CS was higher than HMP (528.5±149.8 vs. 194.1±32.2 [IU/L/100 g liver] in 60 min. P<0.05). Lactate after CS (60) was significantly higher than HMP (60) (8.67±0.39 vs. 5.68±0.60 [mmol/L] at 60 min. p<0.01). Conclusions The ex vivo reperfusion model can be used to evaluate the utility of machine perfusion. Advantages of HMP for DCD livers are evaluated with this model.
Comparing Injecting Risk Behaviors of Long-Term Injectors with New Injectors in Tehran, Iran

Abstract Background: Global estimates suggest there are 15.6 million people who inject drugs (PWID) of whom 17.8% are living with HIV.Few studies have characterized newly-onset injectors with long-term injectors and its association with injecting risk behaviors. Objectives: We examined the relationship between length of injection and risk behaviors among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Tehran, Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among PWID, from March to August 2016 in Tehran, Iran. PWID were recruited by convenience and snowball sampling from five Drop-in Centers (DIC) located in the south of Tehran. Our primary independent variable was length of injecting career, defined as the number of months since injecting initiation. Those defined as new injectors (were injecting for less than 18 months), and long-term injectors (as injecting drugs for more than 18 months). We reported the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) point estimate and 95% confidence interval (CI95%) as the effect measure. The level of significance used in multiple logistic regression model was 0.05. We used STATA v. 11 for all analyzes. Results: The analytical sample comprised of 500 participants (100% male). Mean (±SD) age of PWID with a length of injection history was 31.2 ± 7.2 years. Overall, 270 (54%) (CI95%: 49.6%, 58.4%) of participants were long-term injectors. The average age of drug use initiation among long-term injectors group was lower as compared to new injectors group (31.2 vs. 29.4, p < 0.001). The odds of distributive syringe sharing among new injectors were two times higher than long-term injectors (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.4–4.7). The odds of receptive syringe sharing were lower among new injectors group (AOR = 0.7, CI95% 0.2–0.87), compared to long-term injectors. New injectors had higher odds of reusing their own syringes (OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.4–5.7; p = 0.01). Conclusions: Improvements in harm reduction service provision can occur through taregted risk reduction education for new injectors focusing on reducing distributive syringe sharing among them.
The Present Status of Our Immigration Laws and Policies

N tracing the course of immigration law one finds a continual process of amendment. New problems of immigration arise from time to time to require new legislation, and administrative difficulties encountered in the enforcement of the existing law call for its modification. But the underlying immigration law and immigration policy are little affected. The pattern of regulation of immigration to the United States has been set by a few major acts, beginning with the original immigration act of 1882. Since that time there have been only four comprehensive immigration acts, those of 1891, 1903, 1907, and 1917, and for the most part these acts represented little marked change in immigration law and policy. Each succeeding act incorporated the substance of the preceding law, often with little or no change of wording, reaffirming and building on the earlier legislation rather than departing widely from it. Status at World War II. At the outbreak of World War II immigration to the United States was still largely controlled by legislation of the first world war period. The basic law regulating the admission of aliens was the Immigration Act of 1917. Superimposed on but not superseding the 1917 act was the Quota Act of 1924. The 1917 act, passed at a time of heightened concern over problems of immigration and alienage, contained the most severely restrictive controls of immigration that had yet been adopted by Congress. Included in the act were additions to the number of excludable classes, the many times vetoed literacy test, and the Asiatic barred zone provisions. The Quota Act of 1924, containing the national origins quota formula, can also be regarded as a product of the first world war period for it was directly motivated by fear of excessive immigration after the war. The literacy test contained in the 1917