Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of divergent selection for body weight at 63 days of age in rabbits on muscle characteristics at a same age or at similar weight

lines of rabbits divergently selected for body weight at 63 days during 6 generations (H: high line; L: low line) and a cryo-preserved control group (C) were used to assess the effects of growth rate on muscle characteristics, either at a fixed age (63 days) or at the same weight (2297 + 10 g). In the two series of slaughter, body weight at weaning (28 days) was decreased in the rank order L < C < H. At 63 days of age (n = 20 per line), the decrease in slaughtering body weight between the three lines (L: 2.32 kg < C: 2.62 kg < H: 2.87 kg) induced a proportional decrease in the weight and total cross-sectional area of the semitendinosus (ST) muscle. Mean cross-sectional area of ST myofibers was the lowest in the L line (-15%, P < 0.001), but it did not differ among H and C lines. Total number and type frequency of the myofibers were similar in the three groups. At a same weight (n = 20 per line), the decrease in slaughter age in the order H < C < L (51 d, 57 d, and 63 d, respectively) did not influence ST myofiber histological characteristics, however ultimate pH was slightly lower in the L line compared with the two other groups. In conclusion, divergent growth rate selection had asymetrical effects on myofiber size in rabbits at a same age, whereas it did not influence myofiber traits at a same weight.
A meiotic gene regulatory cascade driven by alternative fates for newly synthesized transcripts

Analyses of 32 meiotic genes from fission yeast with respect to nascent transcription, RNA processing/accumulation, and effects of surveillance factor mutants reveal that the vast majority are “on” in proliferating cells and less than one-third show a transcriptional peak during meiosis, highlighting the important contribution of RNA-level regulation.
Critères de mélange pour des processus stationnaires : estimation sous des hypothèses de mélange : entropie des processus linéaires

Cette these est constituee de trois parties. La premiere est consacree aux proprietes d'ergodicite et de melange de certains processus aleatoires autoregressifs non lineaires ou autoregressifs polynomiaux. On y etablit des criteres d'ergodicite geometrique et de regularite absolue geometrique. Les resultats s'appliquent aux processus ARMA et aux processus bilineaires. Les techniques utilisees proviennent de la theorie des chaines de Markov et de la geometrie algebrique et differentielle reelle. Dans la deuxieme partie on etudie des estimateurs a noyau sous des hypotheses de melange. On etablit des majorations des risques moyens d'ordre p et du risque uniforme pour l'estimateur de la densite et d'autres fonctionnelles on propose egalement un estimateur de l'entropie d'une variable aleatoire et on majore les risques de cet estimateur. Dans la troisieme partie on s'interesse a l'entropie des processus lineaires on etablit une inegalite entre l'entropie d'un processus et celle de son filtre lineaire ; on obtient une egalite dans divers cas ; on termine cette partie en donnant des applications ; en particulier au principe du maximum d'entropie.
Injuries resulting when small children fall out of bed.

Children frequently fall out of bed but seldom incur serious injury. When such a fall raises parental concern, the pediatrician is consulted; even in this group, the child is rarely found to have a severe injury. There is a clinical impression that skull radiographs, when taken in these situations,are of extremely low yield and are not necessary as a routine. Occasionally a child who is reported to have fallen out of bed presents with a skull fracture, cerebral edema, retinal hemorrhage, subdural hematoma,and/or epidural hemorrhage. These severe injuries are discrepant with the history; it is often this discrepancy
Voltage dependence and activation kinetics of pharmacologically defined components of the high-threshold calcium current in rat neocortical neurons.

1. As a first step toward identification of the functional significance of the spatial distribution of calcium channels we examined the high voltage-activated calcium current (HVA current) in acutely isolated pyramidal neurons from rat sensorimotor cortex using whole-cell voltage clamp. The goals of this study were (1) to determine whether the pharmacologically separable components of the HVA current differed in voltage dependence or activation kinetics and (2) to develop an empirical model that could predict the HVA current evoked by action potentials or other physiological responses. 2. Cells with short dendrites were chosen for study. Input resistance averaged 3.5 +/- 0.4 (SE) G omega. Specific membrane resistance averaged 51.9 +/- 6.8 K omega-cm2 on the basis of estimated membrane surface area. 3. Using 2 mM calcium in the extracellular solution, we evoked the HVA current by depolarizations positive to -45 mV from a holding potential of -60 mV, a potential where the low-threshold calcium current is fully inactivated. Maximum HVA current amplitude (484.9 +/- 42.3 pA) occurred near -15 mV. The evoked current was completely and reversibly blocked by 200 microM cadmium. 4. Tail current amplitude at a fixed potential increased as a sigmoidal function of prepulse potential. A plot of normalized tail current amplitude, taken as the fraction of HVA channels open at each prepulse potential, was best described by a Boltzmann function (maximum slope: e-fold per 11.3 mV; half activation: -24.6 mV) raised to the power of 2. This relation was not altered by extracellular application of 5 microM nifedipine or 10 microM omega-conotoxin, each of which reduced a separate component of the HVA current uniformly at all potentials. We conclude that the pharmacologically separable components of the HVA current do not differ significantly in voltage dependence. 5. The time course of current onset during a step depolarization was best described by second-order activation kinetics. Activation time constants ranged from a maximum of 1.2 ms at -40 mV to 0.3 ms at +25 mV. Neither activation nor tail current time constants were altered by extracellular application of 5 microM nifedipine or 10 microM omega-conotoxin. After application of 1 microM Bay K 8644 tail current decay was best described by a fast time constant similar to control values and a slow time constant. We conclude that the pharmacologically separable components of the HVA current in these neurons do not differ significantly in kinetics. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Porous Gold Films—A Short Review on Recent Progress

Porous gold films have attracted increasing interest over the last ten years due to the unique properties of high specific surface area and electrical conductivity combined with chemical stability and ability to alter the surface chemistry. Several methods have been developed to synthesize porous gold films such as de-alloying, templating, electrochemical, and self-assembling. These porous gold films are used in diverse fields, for example, as electrochemical and Raman sensors or for chemical catalysis. Here, we provide a short review on the progress of porous gold films over the past ten years, including the synthesis and applications of such films.
Itraconazole oral solution as prophylaxis for fungal infections in neutropenic patients with hematologic malignancies: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial. GIMEMA Infection Program. Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche dell' Adulto.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of itraconazole oral solution for preventing fungal infections, a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial was conducted: 405 neutropenic patients with hematologic malignancies were randomly assigned to receive either itraconazole, 2.5 mg/kg every 12 hours (201 patients), or placebo (204 patients). Proven and suspected deep fungal infection occurred in 24% of itraconazole recipients and in 33% of placebo recipients, a difference of 9 percentage points (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6% to 22.5%; P = .035). Fungemia due to Candida species was documented in 0.5% of itraconazole recipients and in 4% of placebo recipients, a difference of 3.5 percentage points (95% CI, 0.5% to 6%; P = .01). Deaths due to candidemia occurred in none of the itraconazole recipients compared with 4 placebo recipients, a difference of 2 percentage points (95% CI, 0.05% to 4%; P = .06). Aspergillus infection was documented in four itraconazole recipients (one death) and one placebo recipient (one death). Side effects causing drug interruption occurred in 18% of itraconazole recipients and 13% of placebo recipients. Itraconazole oral solution was well-tolerated and effectively prevented proven and suspected deep fungal infection as well as systemic infection and death due to Candida species.
Environmental perceptions on entrepreneurial thinking in the wine industry

ABSTRACT The US wine industry is a well-studied industry with little research observing small business perceptions of entrepreneurship and their contextual factors. This study uses survey data of Northern California wineries collected in 1999 and 2015 to understand the industry-specific dynamics of entrepreneurship. Data was gathered relating to winery operational environments, business characteristics and the perceived concerned contextual factors. It was hypothesized that the age and size of wineries will vary by perceived environmental factors and entrepreneurial thinking. Counter-intuitively it was found that larger and older wineries being more focused on entrepreneurial thinking than smaller and younger ‘entrepreneurial’ firms. It was also found that the concerns of industry contextual factors are shared by all industry players regardless of age, size and strategy. The practical findings provide wine industry participants with insights into the priorities for development of strategies, regardless of size and age.
To group or not to group: Effect of prolonged exposure to predation and resource availability on the shoaling behaviour of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Individuals of many species live in groups to obtain anti-predatory advantages, foraging benefits and for social reasons. Living in large groups can reduce predation, but as group size increases, competition for resources also increases. The trade-off between the advantages of group living for an individual and competition caused by it can determine group dynamics, and this trade-off can vary with environmental conditions. Shoaling behaviour, the tendency of fish to form groups, is shown to be affected by factors such as resource availability, presence of predators and conspecifics. Although studies indicate that both predation and starvation pressure in an environment can determine whether fish choose to shoal or not, whether prolonged exposure to such conditions influences shoaling behaviour remains little explored. Here, we test how predation pressure and resource availability may interactively shape the shoaling behaviour of zebrafish (Danio rerio) when exposed to combinations of these pressures over a two-week period. We find that shoal size increases with predation and decreases with starvation, and that greater predation pressure increases shoaling tendencies even under reduced food availability. Overall, we show that prolonged exposure to varying predation pressure and resource availability can together influence shoaling tendencies of fish even when such pressures are relaxed. Significant statement In group living species, group structure and dynamics depend on various intrinsic factors and environmental stressors. Shoaling behaviour in fish, where individuals aggregate to form groups, is shown to be altered with environmental factors such as predation and resource availability. Although studies have examined the effects of these cues on shoaling behaviour, the ecological circumstances experienced by fish could also influence shoaling tendencies. We here show that shoaling behaviour is also shaped by previous experience of fish to predation and food resource availability. We check how shoaling behaviour varies with differences in predation pressure and resource availability after prolonged exposure to these conditions by measuring the shoal size and shoal cohesion in zebrafish. This study illuminates how shoaling tendencies of individuals shaped by the environmental conditions persist even when these environmental pressures are removed.
Comprehensive cancer-gene panels can be used to estimate mutational load and predict clinical benefit to PD-1 blockade in clinical practice

Cancer gene panels (CGPs) are already used in clinical practice to match tumor's genetic profile with available targeted therapies. We aimed to determine if CGPs could also be applied to estimate tumor mutational load and predict clinical benefit to PD-1 and CTLA-4 checkpoint blockade therapy. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) mutation data obtained from melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients published by Snyder et al. 2014 and Rizvi et al. 2015, respectively, were used to select nonsynonymous somatic mutations occurring in genes included in the Foundation Medicine Panel (FM-CGP) and in our own Institutional Panel (HSL-CGP). CGP-mutational load was calculated for each patient using both panels and was associated with clinical outcomes as defined and reported in the original articles. Higher CGP-mutational load was observed in NSCLC patients presenting durable clinical benefit (DCB) to PD-1 blockade (FM-CGP P=0.03, HSL-CGP P=0.01). We also observed that 69% of patients with high CGP-mutational load experienced DCB to PD-1 blockade, as compared to 20% of patients with low CGP-mutational load (FM-CGP and HSL-CGP P=0.01). Noteworthy, predictive accuracy of CGP-mutational load for DCB was not statistically different from that estimated by WES sequencing (P=0.73). Moreover, a high CGP-mutational load was significantly associated with progression-free survival (PFS) in patients treated with PD-1 blockade (FM-CGP P=0.005, HR 0.27, 95% IC 0.105 to 0.669; HSL-CGP P=0.008, HR 0.29, 95% IC 0.116 to 0.719). Similar associations between CGP-mutational load and clinical benefit to CTLA-4 blockade were not observed. In summary, our data reveals that CGPs can be used to estimate mutational load and to predict clinical benefit to PD-1 blockade, with similar accuracy to that reported using WES.
The Reality of Gaza Strip Cities towards the Smart City’s Concept. A Case Study: Khan Younis City

This study aims to promote sustainable urban development by adopting the smart city approach by identifying the concept of smart cities in the reality of the cities of Gaza Strip, considering Khan Younis city as a case study. It also focuses on formulating a future vision using geographic information systems (GIS) and building information modeling (BIM) using current city data and plans. For this purpose, a checklist is designed to investigate the current reality of Khan Younis towards the concept of smart cities. It consists of two parts. The first one includes the demographic data while the second part involves nine axes; the availability of institutional infrastructure, availability of physical infrastructure, availability of social infrastructure, availability of economic infrastructure, availability of smart management components, use of smart city tools, achievement of the city’s 3D goals, evaluation the level of use of GIS/BIM in decision supporting, as well as assessing the degree of challenges prevent transforming towards the smart city approach. The checklist analysis reveals that Khan Younis has 41.7% of the characteristics features of the smart city and needs further improvements in all axes especially the availability of social and economic infrastructures. Thus, the study recommends training the existing cadres to enable them to use GIS/BIM technologies in transforming to smart cities. It also recommends that society be educated and equipped to ensure that it receives and uses all these things in order to achieve the goal of improving the quality of life and facilitating the daily lives of people.
Current-Perpendicular-to-Plane Magnetoresistance in Chemical Vapor Deposition-Grown Multilayer Graphene

Current-perpendicular-to-plane (CPP) magnetoresistance (MR) effects are often exploited in various state-of-the-art magnetic field sensing and data storage technologies. Most of the CPP-MR devices are artificial layered structures of ferromagnets and non-magnets, and in these devices, MR manifests, due to spin-dependent carrier transmission through the constituent layers. In this work, we explore another class of artificial layered structure in which multilayer graphene (MLG) is grown on a metallic substrate by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). We show that depending on the nature of the graphene-metal interaction, these devices can also exhibit large CPP-MR. Magnetoresistance ratios (>100%) are at least two orders of magnitude higher than “transferred” graphene and graphitic samples reported in the literature, for a comparable temperature and magnetic field range. This effect is unrelated to spin injection and transport and is not adequately described by any of the MR mechanisms known to date. The simple fabrication process, large magnitude of the MR and its persistence at room temperature make this system an attractive candidate for magnetic field sensing and data storage applications and, also, underscore the need for further fundamental investigations on graphene-metal interactions.
Continuité et discontinuité du développement psychologique. Commentaire de: J. Piaget (1942). Les trois structures fondamentales de la vie psychique: Rythme, régulation et groupement. Revue Suisse de Psychologie et de Psychologie appliquée, 1/2, 9-21

Au moment ou Piaget redige son article pour le premier numero de la Revue Suisse de Psychologie (Piaget, 1942) sur «Les trois structures fondamentales de la vie psychique», il vient de publier un gros article dans les «Archives de Psychologie» sur «Les mecanismes du developpement mental» (Piaget, 1941). A cette epoque Piaget tente diverses syntheses de ses travaux anterieurs qui visent a reunir les deux categories de structures qu'il a etudiees pendant vingt ans: les structures de l'action et celles de la pensee. Il cherche surtout a definir les mecanismes du passage de l'action a la pensee. Piaget va proposer deux solutions radicalement differentes, l'une dans l'article de 1941 qui met l'accent sur la discontinuite des mecanismes de passage des structures irreversibles de l'action aux structures reversibles de la pensee; et l'autre, dans l’article de 1942 qui nous concerne directement ici, ou il prend resolument parti pour la filiation directe de ces structures, pour la continuite evolutive et pour l'unite profonde de l'evolution mentale, ce que j'appelle la these de la continuite. Je montre comment Piaget, pour parvenir a enoncer cette these quelque peu extreme et surprenante qu'il abandonnera par la suite, elimine de son texte toute reference a la notion de representation et situe son analyse au seul niveau de l'action. C'est a ce prix qu'il parvient a developper sa these qu’il conclut en declarant que les operations logiques sont «le point d'equilibre final vers lequel tendent les fonctions sensori-motrices et perceptives au cours de leur developpement». Cette these est aux antipodes de celle qu'il formulera quelques annees plus tard sous le nom de l'abstraction reflechissante (Piaget, 1950) qui reprendra la these de la discontinuite de 1941.
Changing Role of People Management in Digital Era

In the digital transition era of today, human resource management experiences a paradigm shift for change. Changes in the market economy, globalization, diversity in workforce and technology have put new demands on the organization and have led this area in a completely new direction. However, I believe that these challenges have created many opportunities for HR and the organization as a whole. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to (a) review the challenges and opportunities that will affect the future of HR and (b) provide an overview of how these problems can be resolved in order to continue on the market. Keywords: Human Resource Management, digital transformation era, challenges.
Comparative Analysis and Benchmarking of Water Supply Systems and Services in Central and Eastern Europe

This paper deals with a comparative analysis and benchmarking of drinking water supply systems and water supply sector in the selected countries of Central and Eastern Europe. These include the Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia. The article provides an analysis of existing benchmarking systems in each country. Methods of supervision and control over the assessment and the functioning of the organizations responsible for the assessment and benchmarking of water utilities are also described. Comparative analysis for the selected performance indicators is carried out. The units, methods of data collection and processing were described.
Bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation improves health-related quality of life in PD

In order to assess the impact of bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation in PD on quality of life, the PD Quality of Life questionnaire was assessed in 60 consecutive patients with PD before surgery and 12 months after surgery. All aspects of quality of life, including motor (+48%), systemic (+34%), emotional (+29%), and social (+63%) dimensions, significantly improved with long-term STN stimulation.
A Low Complexity User Grouping Strategy for Downlink Multi-User MIMO Scheduling

In this paperwe present a low complexity user grouping algorithm for multi-user MIMO system employing opportunistic fair scheduling (OFS) and zero forcing beamforming (ZFB), and develop a framework for cross-layer resource scheduling. Given a particular subset of users and their channel conditions, the optimal beamforming scheme can be calculated. The multi-user resource scheduling problem then refers to the selection of the optimal subset of users for transmission at each time instant to maximize the total throughput of the system. The simulation result shows that the performance of resource scheduling algorithm based on user grouping method proposed in this paper is close to the optimal performance which used exhaustion method. In addition, user grouping does not affect the fairness among all users.
Bezlotoxumab: Could This be the Answer for Clostridium difficile Recurrence?

Objective: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety, and place in therapy of bezlotoxumab (BEZ), a novel monoclonal antibody against Clostridium difficile toxin B. Data Sources: A PubMed search was conducted for data between 1946 and April 2017 using MeSH terms bezlotoxumab, MK-6072, or MDX-1388 alone and the terms Clostridium difficile combined with monoclonal antibody or antitoxin. Study Selection and Data Extraction: The literature search was limited to English-language studies that described clinical efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics in humans and animals. Abstracts featuring prepublished data were also evaluated for inclusion. Data Synthesis: BEZ is indicated for adult patients receiving standard-of-care (SoC) antibiotics for C difficile infection (CDI) to prevent future recurrence. Two phase III trials—MODIFY I (n = 1452) and MODIFY II (n = 1203)—demonstrated a 40% relative reduction in recurrent CDI (rCDI) with BEZ compared with placebo (16.5% vs 26.6%, P < 0.0001). The most common adverse drug events associated with BEZ were mild to moderate infusion-related reactions (10.3%). Conclusions: In patients treated with SoC antibiotics, BEZ is effective in decreasing rCDI. BEZ has no apparent effect on treatment of an initial CDI episode. In light of increasing rates of CDI, BEZ is a promising option for preventing recurrent episodes. The greatest benefit has been demonstrated in high-risk patients, though the targeted patient population is yet to be defined.