Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solidification modeling of Nb bearing superalloys

The solidification behavior of experimental Ni base and Fe base superalloys containing Nb, Si, and C was studied using differential thermal analysis (DTA) and microstructural characterization techniques. The solidification reaction sequences responsible for microstructural development were found to be similar to those expected in the Ni-Nb-C ternary system, where the solute-rich interdendritic liquid exhibited two eutectic-type reactions at the terminal stages of solidification: L {yields} ({gamma} + NbC) and L {yields} ({gamma} + Laves). A pseudo ternary {gamma}-Nb-C approach was developed to provide a quantitative description of solidification behavior for these experimental alloys. Solute redistribution calculations in the model are based on a previous approach developed by Mehrabian and Flemings, with modifications made to account for the high diffusion rate of C in the solid. Solidification parameters for Nb and C were determined through DTA and electron probe microanalysis techniques and used as inputs to the model. Reasonable agreement is found between calculated volume fractions of the {gamma}/NbC and {gamma}/Laves constituents and those measured experimentally. The modeling results permit detailed descriptions of the relation between alloy composition and microstructural evolution during solidification.
Evaluation of Using to Effect by Change of Hydrochemical Characteristics of Thermal Mineral Spring Waters at the Historical Process : A Case of the Marmara Region ( Part of NW Turkey )

Marmara region (part of northwestern Turkey) is very rich in thermomineral spring waters. Providing the worldwide usage of existed hot or mineral waters will be an important contribution to public health and tourism of health. For this purpose physical, chemical and even radioactive findings in eighty year‐period of 153 hot and cold mineral waters were evaluated by hydrogeochemical methods. It can not be denied that the change of laboratory conditions may have caused some differences in the data set. However, studies conducted under hard conditions will provide a broad view of evolution in these thermomineral springs from past to present. In the region, in these waters, majority of them of vadose/mixed origin; physical and chemical properties have changes over time. The literature showed that some spring waters were lost and some new spring waters have been formes. In these thermal and/or mineral waters that are generally sodium, calcium, bicarbonate and chloride rich, distribution of Rn 222 was in the range of 0‐50 Becquerel/l. Determination of some variations of concentrations in springs of Yalova‐Termal ve Sakarya‐Akyazı‐Kuzuluk (numbers of 8, 21-27, 42, 46) that at line of Adapazarı, Izmit and Yalova which fracture formed an earthquake on/near at the NAFZ occured of active sismisite effective. However, basin take place in the coastal and sea‐level resources that in Istanbul Tuzla içmeleri (number of 5, 6) evaluation of chemical composition and EC values observed seasonal increase in sea water initiative, the presence of the evidence was. The mineral spring waters of chemical composition, the mixing ratio of water was found to change between 3‐12%.
Intrusion Detection in Dynamic Distributed Network Using PSO and SVM Machine Learning Algorithms

: The number of computers connected to a network and the Internet is increasing with every day. This combined with the increase in networking speed has made intrusion detection a challenging process. System administrators today have to deal with larger number of systems connected to the networks that provide a variety of services. The challenge here is not only to be able to actively monitor all the systems but also to be able to react quickly to different events. Overall intrusion detection involves defense, detection, and importantly, reaction to the intrusion attempts. An intrusion detection system should try to address each of these issues to a high degree. So network security becomes more complex due to the arrival of large no. of new type of attacks and lack of dynamic system to detect new types of attack. In this paper we define the solution to frequently changing network environment. We propose Online Adaboost-based parameterized method. It contains two models, Local model and Global model. In the local model, online Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) and online Adaboost processes are used as weak classifiers. A global detection model is constructed by combining the local parametric model. This combination is achieved by using an algorithm based on support vector machines (SVM) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). This system is able to detect new types of attack when network environment changes. It gives high detection rate and low false alarm rate.
Spectral methods for fractional differential equations using generalized Jacobi functions

We present essential properties of the generalized Jacobi functions (GJFs) and their application to construct efficient and accurate spectral methods for a class of fractional differential equations. In particular, it is shown that GJFs allow us to effortlessly compute the stiffness matrices, and resolve the leading singular term for a general class of fractional differential equations.
Strategic Alignment and New Product Development: Drivers and Performance Effects

Strategic alignment is widely accepted as a prerequisite for a firm's success, but insight into the role of alignment in, and its impact on, the new product development (NPD) process and its performance is less well developed. Most publications on this topic either focus on one form of alignment or on one or a limited set of NPD performance indicators. Furthermore, different and occasionally contradictory findings have been reported. NPD scholars have long argued for the importance of fit between context and NPD activities. However, this body of literature suffers from the same weakness: most publications have a limited scope and the findings are not always consistent with results reported previously. This study addresses these deficiencies by examining (1) the effects of various internal and external factors on different forms of alignment, and (2) the effects of these forms of alignment on a set of NPD performance indicators. Strategic planning and innovativeness appear to affect technological, market, and NPD-marketing alignment positively. Environmental munificence is negatively associated with NPD-marketing alignment, but has no effect on the two other forms of alignment. Technological change has a positive effect on technological alignment, a negative effect on NPD-marketing alignment, but no effect on market alignment. These findings suggest that internal capabilities are more likely to be associated with the development of strategic alignment than environmental factors are. Furthermore, technological and NPD-marketing alignment affect NPD performance positively, while market alignment does not have any significant performance effects.
On modelling thermochemical degradation of poly ( lactic acid )

A well-established model for simulation of the chain-scission process of polylacticacid (PLA) during thermal processing has been simplified and revised. The key assumption in the new model is that the total number of monomer units is invariant as reactions progress. Surprisingly, this seemingly obvious assumption appears to have been previously overlooked. The revised model no longer requires solution of simultaneous differential equations and, for isothermal conditions, an analytical solution is readily available. The present model is in excellent agreement with the more complex model and experimental results for PLA degradation reported in the literature. This simplified model has potential to be applied to other thermoplastics.
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Processes Maintaining Tropopause Sharpness in Numerical Models

Recent work has shown that the sharpness of the extratropical tropopause declines with lead time in numerical weather prediction models, indicating an imbalance between processes acting to sharpen and smooth the tropopause. In this study the systematic eﬀects of processes contributing to the tropopause sharpness are investigated using daily initialized forecasts run with the Met Oﬃce Uniﬁed Model over a three-month winter period. Artiﬁcial tracers, each forced by the potential vorticity tendency due to a diﬀerent model process, are used to separate the eﬀects of such processes. The advection scheme is shown to result in an exponential decay of tropopause sharpness toward a ﬁnite value at short lead times with a time scale of 20–24 h. The systematic eﬀect of nonconservative processes is to sharpen the tropopause, consistent with previous case studies. The decay of tropopause sharpness due to the advection scheme is stronger than the sharpening eﬀect of nonconservative processes leading to a systematic decline in tropopause sharpness with forecast lead time. The systematic forecast errors in tropopause level potential vorticity are comparable to the integrated tendencies of the parametrized physical processes suggesting that the systematic error in tropopause sharpness could be signiﬁcantly reduced through realistic adjustments to the model parametrization schemes. KeyPoints: • Tracers of potential vorticity are used to investigate the evolution of tropopause sharpness and reasons for systematic model error • The tropopause smooths due to an imbalance between parametrized processes sharpening and the advection scheme smoothing the tropopause • Sharpening is weaker, and advective smoothing is more rapid in ridges compared to troughs
Inexact cuts for Deterministic and Stochastic Dual Dynamic Programming applied to convex nonlinear optimization problems

We introduce an extension of Dual Dynamic Programming (DDP) to solve convex nonlinear dynamic programming equations. We call Inexact DDP (IDDP) this extension which applies to situations where some or all primal and dual subproblems to be solved along the iterations of the method are solved with a bounded error. We show that any accumulation point of the sequence of decisions is an approximate solution to the dynamic programming equations. When these errors tend to zero as the number of iterations goes to infinity, we show that IDDP solves the dynamic programming equations. We extend the analysis to stochastic convex nonlinear dynamic programming equations, introducing Inexact Stochastic Dual Dynamic Programming (ISDDP), an inexact variant of SDDP corresponding to the situation where some or all problems to be solved in the forward and backward passes of SDDP are solved approximately. We also show the almost sure convergence of ISDDP for vanishing errors.
DESIGNING ARTIFICIAL MUSCLES: A BIOMIMETIC APPROACH

This paper presents preliminary results of our ongoing work on the biomimetic muscle-like behaviour of poly(sodium acrylate) (PSA) hydrogels. Using Hill’s model as a basic framework, interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogels consisting of a contractile PSA network and an elastic poly(vinyl alcohol) PVA network were desinged. The hydrogels so formed reversibly contract in the presence of a critical Ca2+ concentration via a monovalent-divalent ion exchange mechanism. Ca2+ is shown to provoke a shortening of the gel through cross-bridge formation akin to biological muscles. The contractile behaviour of these hydrogels in Krebs physiological media is presented. Force-length measurements display a non-linear rubber-like profile of the hydrogel in the relaxed state as well as a stiffening in the contracted state, both of which are characteristic of biological muscles. In addition, there is evidence of both isometric and isotonic contraction.
Map-based Deep Imitation Learning for Obstacle Avoidance

Making an optimal decision to avoid obstacles while heading to the goal is one of the fundamental challenges for mobile robots equipped with limited computational resources. In this paper, we present a deep imitation learning algorithm that develops a computationally efficient obstacle avoidance policy based on egocentric local occupancy maps. The trained model embedded with a variant of the value iteration networks is able to provide near-optimal continuous action commands through fast feed-forward inferences and generalize well to unseen planning-based scenarios. To improve the policy robustness, we augment the training data set with artificially generated maps, which effectively alleviates the shortage of catastrophic samples in normal demonstrations. Extensive experiments on a Segway robot show the effectiveness of the proposed approach in terms of solution optimality, robustness as well as computation time.
Hierarchical Growth of ZnO Particles by a Hydrothermal Route

The crystallization of ZnO microrods by hydrothermal treatment of a suspension formed from reaction of zinc acetate and sodium hydroxide has been examined using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Polycrystalline hexagonal ZnO microrods first appeared after 0.5 h reaction time at 120°C. These early stage rods were composed of stacks of hexagonal layers, each ~50 nm in thickness containing closely aligned assemblies of nanocrystallites <20 nm in size. Further growth of the microrods involved columns of nanoparticles extending from the basal layers of the preformed hexagonal stacks. Re-crystallization produced single-crystal microrods, many of which existed as twin particles.
Intergenerational transmission of abuse: implications for parenting interventions from a neuropsychological perspective

Neuroimaging provides robust evidence to demonstrate the functional and structural deficits in childhood and adult survivors of child maltreatment. These deficits mirror the neurocircuitry involved in parenting. Despite this, research into the mechanisms behind the intergenerational transmission of abuse fails to acknowledge the contribution of brain development on future parenting ability. A discussion of the cognitive, social, and emotional deficits of child and adult survivors of childhood maltreatment is presented. This is followed by a critical overview of how current parenting interventions fail to take into account the neuropsychological mechanisms behind the intergenerational transmission of abuse. A conceptual model of the neuropsychological transmission of childhood maltreatment is presented. This model will allow child welfare practitioners to gain a greater understanding of the specific deficits of individuals who have experienced childhood maltreatment and how parenting interventions may be enhanced for this population. This represents one step forward in breaking the cycle of the intergenerational transmission of childhood maltreatment.
BRAF Gene Variant Testing to Select Melanoma or Glioma Patients for Targeted Therapy

Medical Policy provides general guidance for applying Blue Cross of Idaho benefit plans (for purposes of Medical Policy, the terms “benefit plan” and “member contract” are used interchangeably). Coverage decisions must reference the member specific benefit plan document. The terms of the member specific benefit plan document may be different than the standard benefit plan upon which this Medical Policy is based. If there is a conflict between a member specific benefit plan and the Blue Cross of Idaho’s standard benefit plan, the member specific benefit plan supersedes this Medical Policy. Any person applying this Medical Policy must identify member eligibility, the member specific benefit plan, and any related policies or guidelines prior to applying this Medical Policy. Blue Cross of Idaho Medical Policies are designed for informational purposes only and are not an authorization, explanation of benefits or a contract. Receipt of benefits is subject to satisfaction of all terms and conditions of the member specific benefit plan coverage. Blue Cross of Idaho reserves the sole discretionary right to modify all its Policies and Guidelines at any time. This Medical Policy does not constitute medical advice.
THE PROCESS FOR FORMING A FINANCIAL SECURITY STRATEGY OF AN ENTERPRISE Annotation

THE PROCESS FOR FORMING A FINANCIAL SECURITY STRATEGY OF AN ENTERPRISE Annotation. The important scientific and practical issues have been solved in this article in order to determine the theoretical and methodological basis for forming and implementing the financial security strategy. The subject of this scientific work is theoretical and methodological principles and approaches to developing and implementing the financial security strategy. The methods of studying are morphological analysis (for the definition of "the financial security strategy of a company"); generalisation, comparison (for establishing links between the financial security strategy of a company and the stage of its life cycle). The key findings of studying shows that the financial security strategy is a tool for development and implementation of the objectives of financial and economic activities aimed at achieving continuous and adapted to the chronological changes process of the conversion of capital (financial sources of economic activity) into capital goods (material resources, finished products, cash) based on its financial sustainability, financial stability, market activity and competitive advantages. It has been shown the link between the financial security strategy of the company and the stage of its life cycle. It has been proved that each stage of the life cycle corresponds to a particular type of financial performance. Thus, the inception stage corresponds to the state of financial risk (the strategy for survival and renewal); the stage of growth corresponds to the state of risks and threats to financial security (the strategy of intensified efforts, the strategy of preventive actions); the stage of maturity corresponds to the state of financial security (the strategy of stabilizing and strengthening achieved positions) and so on. The practical importance of the results is that the theoretical principles and methodological approaches, which have been proposed, deepen and broaden the range of researches of modern economics on forming and implementing the financial security strategy and they can be used in their practice.
Summary of Powering an Inorganic Device with a Biomolecular Motor

The problem: When we create small nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), or simply nanodevices, there’s no point to going any smaller if we can’t create other devices of comparable size to power our nanodevice. An interesting alternative is to use enzymes to function as biomolecular motors. The advantage is that their sizes can be manipulated to a much greater extent than conventional silicon-based motors. Common enzymes used in this process are kinesin (a motor protein used in intracellular transport), RNA polymerase (the catalyst for RNA synthesis during transcription), myosin (a major muscle protein), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase (an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP). These are small and similar in size and can be engineered easily using well established molecular biology methods. Such an enzyme-powered device consists of three components: the biomotor, an engineered substrate of nickel (which will bind to the enzyme) and a few fabricated nanopropellers. In a nutshell, the whole paper is about building such a complete nanoscale inorganic system using simple biomolecular enzymes.
Scene Identification and Its Effect on Cloud Radiative Forcing in the Arctic

Measurements of cloud radiative forcing in polar regions are less reliable than at lower latitudes because of the difficulty in distinguishing between clouds and ice- or snow-covered surfaces. Scene identification can, however, be improved by using multispectral narrow-band radiances. Comparisons were made between scenes identified by the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) algorithm and those deduced from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) radiances in the Arctic for 4 days in July 1985. It was found that they differ significantly from each other both in geotype and in cloud cover. For instance, regions of clear fractional sea ice according to the AVHRR analysis are assigned as being cloudy over open ocean by the ERBE analysis owing to incorrect specification of the sea ice extent. Zonal averages over 2.5 o wide bands, of fluxes over clear and cloudy regions and hence also cloud forcing, are determined over the Arctic using radiances measured by the AVHRR on NOAA 9 to identify the nature of the scene and the ERBE radiometer to provide broadband radiances. Results are compared with fluxes and cloud forcing determined solely from ERBE radiometer data. Over the southern portion of the domain, where fractional sea ice was prevalent, the ERBE-based values of net cloud forcing were as much as 50 W m '2 smaller than values determined when the scene identification was based on AVHRR measurements. At higher latitudes the ERBE-estimated cloud forcing was larger than that from the AVHRR, and the magnitude of the difference was smaller.
Contemporary and Traditional Perspectives of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS): A Critical Review

Polycystic ovarian disease is a lifestyle disorder that has no specific aetiology and manifests as a group of symptoms making its diagnosis difficult. It affects about 30-40% of young girls in their reproductive age in India. The exact cause of PCOS is unknown however it has been linked to hormonal imbalance, insulin resistance resulting in hyperinsulinaemia as well as genetic factors though specific genes have not been identified so far. The sedentary lifestyle, dietary variations, lack of exercise and stress etc. are also the contributory factors. Contemporary and traditional management together can improve this condition. This paper critically reviews the contemporary and ayurvedic perspectives of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and recommends adoption of a holistic treatment, good lifestyle with appropriately balanced diet along with Yoga, Pranayam, Meditation and a stress-free living which can prove to be an effective management for PCOS.