Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of self-reflection on individual intellectual capital

The aim of this paper is to develop a tool measuring individual intellectual capital (IIC) and investigate the relationship between self-reflection and IIC. ,This study developed a theoretical model based on social cognitive theory and the literature of self-reflection and intellectual capital (IC). This research collected responses from 502 dyads of employees and their direct supervisors in 150 firms in China, and the study tested the research model using structural equation modeling (SEM). ,The results indicate that three components of self-reflection, namely, need for self-reflection, engagement in self-reflection and insight, significantly contribute to all the three components of IIC, such as individual human capital, individual structural capital and individual relational capital. The findings suggest that need for self-reflection is the weakest component to impact individual human capital and individual relationship capital, while insight is the one that mostly enhances individual structural capital. ,This paper suggests that managers can enhance employees' IIC by facilitating their self-reflection. Managers can develop appropriate strategies based on findings of this study, to achieve their specific goals. ,First, this study develops a tool for measuring IIC. Second, this study provides an enriched theoretical explanation on the relationship between self-reflection and IIC – by showing that the three subdimensions of self-reflection, such as need, engagement and insight, influence the three subdimensions of IIC, such as individual human capital, individual structural capital and individual relational capital.
Malaria aviar y sistema inmunitario: la función del MHC

Rivero de Aguilar J., Hussing, L. 2020. Avian malaria and inmune system: the role of MHC. Ecosistemas 29(2):1976. https://doi.org/10.7818/ECOS.1976 Avian malaria is a disease caused by mosquito-borne blood parasites. In the host, parasites infect organs and tissues causing cellular damage, thus affecting body condition and survival. The development of the disease is characterized by an initial acute phase, which decrease by the action of the immune response. Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes encode for MHC molecules, central proteins involved in the adaptive immune response because its role in the activation of B and T cells. Due to this fundamental function, MHC has been the subject of studies in birds the last decades, highlighting the importance of this genetic region in resistance and susceptibility to avian malaria. In this review we present the main results of the work carried out in the study of avian malaria and MHC, specially in the ecological context.
Relationship between State and Civil Society: Theoretical Review

Relationship between state and civil society has been of great interest in the field of social sciences especially in the field of sociology and political science. There have been several theorist that tries to look into this relationship. The aim of this paper is to review the theoretical approaches of Marxist, Elites, and Neo-Consensualist on the relations between state and civil society in nowadays societies. Research are based on literature studies, on conflict perspectives in sociology. These theories are very prominent when talking about state-civil society relationship in sociology. Marxist looks the relationship between the two as conflictual, meaning dominant civil society use the state as an instrument in exploiting the weak economic class. Elites argue the relationship differently from that of Marxist and liberals, as for them, state is run by few individuals at the expense of the mass. In the eye of Neo-Consensualist is entirely a different story, as that of Parson view certain prospectin the social world of constituting the society that is; norms, and values. As for Bellah he sought religion as a mechanism in the spirit of acculturating a kind of doctrine in a sense that, state and citizens go bye. Result for this theoretical views is elites show the relationship different from the Marxist and liberals, as for them the state is run by few individuals at the expense of the mass. This people are a minority group that has influence through economically, socially and the like but in short they have potentials in making things happen. This minority group the called them the elite as the mas they called the ruled.
Introductory Chapter: General Features of Reptiles and Amphibians

Reptiles (Class Reptilia or Sauropsida) are organisms that have scales on the skin, are amniotes, which have colonized almost all terrestrial and marine environments, originated in the Carboniferous from the amphibians, they have a tricameral or tetracameral (crocodiles) heart, are phylogenetically related to birds (these arose from reptiles), ectotherms, and are characterized by being very efficient in the use of energy. Currently, there are four orders of reptiles with living representatives: Testudines (turtles), Squamata (snakes and lizards), Crocodilia (crocodiles, alligators, and gharials), and Sphenodontia or Rhynchocephalia (tuataras), of which there are only two species in New Zealand [3].
A Tentative Classification of Antioxidants: Which Role They Play when Protecting Biological Targets from Oxidative Stress Induced Damage?

By studying the protection of oxidative stress induced damage in biomolecules by several groups of antioxidants, from the “side of the antioxidant”, that is, by observing the reaction of the antioxidant itself with an oxidizing species and characterizing the resulting products, it was possible to classify the antioxidants into three different kinds. An antioxidant can act as a scavenger of the oxidizing species, repair a damaged biological molecule, or give new products with antioxidising activity, starting an antioxidising cascade. These three effects – scavenging, repair and cascade – can act in a separate or a cumulative way. This new classification of antioxidants by type of action can bring a new insight on the comprehension of the protection mechanisms and open perspectives to the design of new and more efficient antioxidants.
Colonization and establishment of the rumen microbiota – opportunities to influence productivity and methane emissions

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Colonization and establishment of the rumen microbiota – opportunities to influence productivity and methane emissions Diego Morgavi, Milka Popova, David Yáñez-Ruiz, Evelyne Forano
Storage and heat processing affect flavors of cucumber juice enriched with plant extracts

ABSTRACT Volatile compounds are responsible for juice flavor and aroma characteristics. How volatile components in cucumber juice are affected by heating, storage, and mix with aromatic herbs needs clarification. Aroma compounds were identified in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) juices enriched with cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum L.), clove [Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry], mint (Mentha spicata L.), and ginger (Zingiber officinale L.) extracts (as a flavor-enhancer), after 6 months of storage under 75 MPa at room temperature. The aroma compounds identified directly after juice processing were hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenol derivatives, esters, aldehydes, ketones, sulfur compounds, fatty acids, and silicone compounds. Tributyl (E)-prop-1-ene-1,2,3-tricarboxylate, tributyl 2-acetyloxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate, (E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl hexadec-2-en-1-ol, and (3E,6Z)-nona-3,6-dien-1-ol were identified in control juice. The 4-thio ethyl 5-acetyl-1-phenyl-6-methyl-1-H pyrimidin2one was the main compound (63.5%), followed by 3-hexen-1-ol, and (E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl hexadec-2-en-1-ol (4.5% and 6.54%) in cucumber-clove juice. The 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro1,1,4,4,5-pentamethyl 6-phenylanthracene, sulfur compounds, trans [2-(benzenesulfinylmethyl)-3-phenylcyclopropyl] benzene were detected in ginger-enriched juice. The antibacterial ketone anti 5(1hydroxyundecyl) 3(3methylbutyl) oxazolidin2one was the main compound followed by C6 oxygenated p-menthane monoterpene in cucumber-mint juice. Cyclodecasiloxane eicosamethyl was the main compound followed by cinnamaldehyde in cucumber-cinnamon juice. After 6-month storage, numbers of furans, sulfur amino compounds, phenols, and ketone derivatives increased, while aldehydes compounds decreased. The results could be used to establish quality criteria for commercial production of high-quality cucumber juice.
Autonomous Decentralized Frequency Resource Allocation using ACK Signal in LoRaWAN

With the further development of the internet-of-things (IoT), numerous nodes are expected to be densely deployed. If multiple nodes simultaneously transmit packets on the same frequency channel, packet collision can occur at the gateway leading to packet loss. By transmitting an acknowledgment (ACK) signal to the node whose packet was correctly received by the gateway, the other nodes can initiate packet retransmission in order to resolve packet loss. However, ACK signal transmission is required from the gateway to all the nodes, increasing the gateway processing load and impacting the duty cycle (DC) restriction on the gateway. In this paper, we propose an autonomous decentralized frequency resource allocation scheme for LoRaWAN, aiming to reduce the number of packet collisions and the gateway processing load. We implement the proposed approach, and demonstrate its effectiveness through computer simulation and experimental evaluation.
Characterization of the Chemical and Phytochemical Profiles during Fruit Development and Ripening in Selected Cultivars of African Nightshade (Solanum Nigrum Complex) Edible Berries

Solanum nigrum complex is a green, indigenous leafy vegetable that grows in many parts of the world and its utilization can deliver more nutrients and phytochemicals into the diet. Even though it can help in alleviating the burden of hidden hunger, only the leafy part is utilized whereas the plant has edible berries. This study sought to address the problem of underutilization by looking at the benefits that can be derived from the berries. Four varieties of the plant were harvested through four stages; green, colour break, ripe and at senescence. Chemical analyses of the berries were done to determine the content and changes in macro and micro-nutrients and the phytochemical content of the berries as they ripened. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the significant difference between nutrient and phytochemical composition of the different S. nigrum varieties at different ripening stages. The results show that fibre, ash and protein increased at senescence while carbohydrates decreased. Magnesium was the most abundant mineral. As berries ripened, oxalates, total phenols, flavonoids and phytates decreased while Vitamin C, tannins and total carotenoids increased. Conclusively, the berries in this study have comparable nutritional value with other commonly consumed fruits and could, therefore, be incorporated into the family pot.
PERCEPÇÃO SOBRE O ISOLAMENTO SOCIAL NO CONTEXTO DA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19 NO ESTADO DE PERNAMBUCO, BRASIL

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os resultados de uma pesquisa de opinião realizada com residentes do estado de Pernambuco sobre os fatores relacionados ao isolamento social durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Utilizou-se de um questionário construído no Google Forms e enviado pelas redes sociais: whatsapp, instagram e facebook. As perguntas buscavam evidenciar: perfil socioeconômico; situação de isolamento social; impactos do isolamento; expectativa do tempo que permanecerá em isolamento; e condições de habitação e saúde. As 7.593 respostas evidenciaram que 32% das pessoas estão em isolamento total; 57% em isolamento parcial; e 11% não estão isoladas. 88% acreditam na estratégia do isolamento. O convívio social foi o principal impacto percebido para 37% dos respondentes. 74% relataram algum nível de estresse; 21% pararam de ganhar dinheiro; 56% apresentaram alterações no sono e apenas 37% está fazendo algum exercício. Para 79% a residência é boa ou ótima para ficar isolado. Além disso, as condições de habitação demonstraram forte correlação com a possibilidade de ficar mais tempo em auto isolamento, o que no contexto do estado com mais de 800 mil pessoas vivendo em assentamentos subnormais ressalta a importância de estratégias direcionadas a este fator para ampliar a efetividade da estratégia de enfrentamento da pandemia.
Clinical correlates of hearing voices among people seeking interventions for dissociation: a cross-cultural investigation

ABSTRACT Auditory hallucinations are common among people seeking treatment for trauma and dissociation and can result in diagnostic challenges. This study examined the correlates of hearing voices in two samples of people seeking interventions for dissociation – a sample of 83 English speakers and a sample of 82 Chinese speakers. We found that, compared with depersonalization, hearing voices was more closely associated with trauma and other dissociative phenomena (especially identity dissociation) across two samples from different cultures. We recommend that careful assessment of trauma and dissociation should take place before a clinician assumes that auditory hallucinations are a psychotic symptom. Our findings support the idea that at least some forms of hearing voices are a cross-culturally occurring trauma-related dissociative phenomenon.
Establishment of a Pathogenicity Index for Mice to Pasteurella multocida Strains Isolated from Poultry and Swine

Fowl cholera is a contagious disease that results from infection by the bacterium Pasteurella multocida. This microorganism is extensively distributed among animal species, but little is known regarding it’s pathogenesis and specificity to various hosts. Many studies using pathogenicity evaluation methods are subjective and difficult to quantify because they are often only involved in the observation of the lethal capacity of the agent in experimental inoculation. Due to a lack of more consistent data, this study aimed to establish a classification model of P. multocida pathogenicity in mice using strains isolated from poultry and swine. A total of 94 strains of P. multocida isolated from clinical cases of FC and from lungs of swine were tested. A volume of 0.1 mL of bacterial suspension was obtained from the concentration of 106 CFU/mL and inoculated by an intraperitoneal route in five mice. The animals were observed every six hours over seven days. In addition to the mortality observed, the time of death and gross lesions were also analyzed. The Pathogenicity Indexes obtained showed significant differences (p<0.05) according to the origin of the strains. Likewise, the number of gross lesions and isolation percentages were also varied (p<0.05) among strains isolated from poultry and swine. From the observed ratios, the isolates were grouped into three pathogenicity classes: high, medium and low. This study proposed a consistent measurement and classification of P. multocida pathogenicity. The obtained results will be used to generate other adjusted models, as well as to form the basis for disease diagnosis.
Combining microvolume isotope analysis and numerical simulation to reproduce fish migration history

Tracking the movement of migratory fish is of great importance for efficient conservation, although this has been technically difficult to achieve in small fish to which artificial tags cannot be attached. We show that migration history can be reproduced by combining high‐resolution otolith stable oxygen isotope ratio (δ18O) analysis and numerical simulation. High‐precision micromilling and microvolume carbonate analysing systems had the remarkable capability of extracting the otolith δ18O profiles with 10–30 days resolution. Furthermore, reasonable movements were reproduced by searching the routes consistent with the otolith δ18O profile, using an individual‐based model with random swimming behaviour. This method will be a valuable alternative to tagging and electronic loggers for revealing migration routes in early life stages, thereby providing crucial information to understand population structures and the environmental cause of recruitment variabilities, and to validate and improve fish movement models.
Cerebellum: Its Anatomy, Functions and Diseases

Cerebellum is the largest part of the hindbrain and weighs about 150 g. It is enshrined in posterior cranial fossa behind the pons and medulla oblongata and separated from these structures by cavity of fourth ventricle. It is connected to brainstem by three fibre tracts known as cerebellar peduncles. Cerebellum controls the same side of body. It precisely coordinates skilled voluntary movements by controlling strength, duration and force of contraction, so that they are smooth, balanced and accurate. It is also responsible for maintaining equilibrium, muscle tone and posture of the body. This is achieved through the use of somatic sensory information in modulating the motor output from the cerebrum and brainstem. Sherrington regarded cerebellum as the head ganglion of the proprioceptive system. Dysfunction of cerebellum along with degenerative diseases of cerebellum such as spinocerebellar ataxia, multiple sclerosis, malignant tumours, etc. may culminate into disequilibrium, hypotonia, difficulty in talking, sleeping, maintaining muscular coordination and dyssynergia which at times may be life threatening. Hence, knowledge of anatomy of cerebellum is imperative for neuroanatomists and neurosurgeons.
Coping Strategies-Oriented Interventions in Breast Cancer Women: A Systematic Scoping Review of the Quantitative Evidence

Context: Coping strategies can predict breast cancer patients’ emotional well-being. Objectives: The aim of this systematic scoping review was to investigate the effect of coping strategies-oriented interventions on coping skills in breast cancer women. Data Sources: A systematic scoping review was conducted using a broad search across PubMed, Scopus, Springer, Elsevier, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Web of Science, Magiran, Scientific Information Database, and Google scholar from 2009 - 2018. Study Selection: Clinical or quasi-experimental trials using interventions and control groups on the coping strategies-oriented interventions in breast cancer women in English or Persian were included. Data Extraction: Two independent researchers selected the final papers. In the case of a disagreement, the third researcher made the final decision. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Jadad scale. Results: The coping strategies-oriented interventions were classified into four main categories: psychological interventions, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness, coping therapy, self-management, and psychoeducation; spiritual-religious interventions; social interventions, such as family therapy; and complementary interventions, such as acupuncture. Most interventions improved the coping skills of the studied women. Based on the Jadad scale, only two studies had good quality. Conclusions: Considering that most interventions improved the coping skills of breast cancer women, it is suggested that healthcare providers be proficient in examination techniques that maximize the patient’s coping skills. However, there remains a need for further culture-based research to adopt the best interventions and make changes in policy.
The equivocal mean age of parents in a cohort

The mean age at childbirth is an important notion in demography, ecology and evolution, where it is used as a measure of generation time. A standard way to quantify it is to compute the mean age of the parents of all offspring produced by a cohort, and the resulting measure is thought to represent the mean age at which a typical parent produces offspring. In this note, I explain why this interpretation is problematic. I also introduce a new measure of the mean age at reproduction and show that it can be very different from the mean age of parents of offspring of a cohort. In particular, the mean age of parents of offspring of a cohort systematically overestimates the mean age at reproduction, and can even be greater than the expected lifespan of parents.
We cannot shrug off the shoulder seasons: addressing knowledge and data gaps in an Arctic headwater

As environmental change in the Arctic accelerates, there is a growing need to accurately quantify the response of Arctic ecosystems throughout the year. To assess the temporal coverage of observations of carbon and nutrient fluxes, we used literature synthesis, quantitative meta-analysis, and exploration of a novel biogeochemical dataset from one of the best-documented Arctic ecosystems: the headwaters of the Kuparuk River in Northern Alaska. The meta-analysis of 204 peer-reviewed studies revealed a strong temporal gap in observations of biogeochemistry and hydrology of the Kuparuk River, with substantially fewer observations from the early and late ‘shoulders’ of the thaw season (defined as the period before snowmelt or after plant senescence). To test and illustrate how much this bias might influence fundamental ecosystem level measurements, such as riverine carbon and nutrient fluxes, we used high-frequency, in-situ water chemistry sensors to estimate riverine export budgets across the thaw season for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrate (NO3−) in the Kuparuk headwaters. With this novel dataset, we found that a large proportion (∼30%) of the annual export of DOC and NO3− occurred during the shoulder seasons, which are not well characterized even for this well-documented Arctic system. These analyses raise the broader question: what ecological information are we missing by giving these seasons the ‘cold shoulder’? As climate change alters seasonality, filling this major data gap in the shoulder seasons is crucial to understand the response of Arctic ecosystems.