Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Qualidade bacteriológica de meias-carcaças bovinas oriundas de matadouros-frigoríficos do estado de Goiás habilitados para exportação

Com o incremento das exportacoes, estimulado pela globalizacao da economia, o Brasil vem conseguindo aumentar expressivamente a comercializacao de produtos carneos para o exterior. Os orgaos de fiscalizacao e regulamentacao tem a necessidade de estabelecer padroes bacteriologicos para esses produtos, visando garantir que eles cheguem a prateleira sem risco a saude de consumidor ou mesmo com aspecto repugnante. Muitos sao os padroes bacteriologicos adotados pelos paises importadores com o intuito de verificar a qualidade da carne bovina importada.Dentre esses padroes, em boa parte desses paises, estao incluidas analises bacteriologicas, tais como contagens e determinacoes do numero mais provavel (NMP) dos microrganismos indicadores, alem de contagens e pesquisa de patogenos. O presente estudo buscou avaliar a qualidade bacteriologica das meias-carcacas oriundas de matadouros-frigorificos do Estado de Goias, habilitados a exportacao, e oferecer informacoes para que os orgaos federais de regulamentacao e fiscalizacao possam especificar padroes para essas carnes. Foram avaliadas 160 meias-carcacas bovinas, quentes e refrigeradas, no periodo de junho a setembro de 2004. Realizaram-se as seguintes analises: determinacao do NMP de coliformes totais, coliformes fecais e Escherichia coli; contagem padrao de microrganismos aerobios mesofilos, estritos ou facultativos viaveis, contagem de microrganismos psicrofilos, contagem de Staphylococcus coagulase-positivo e contagem de Clostridia sulfito-redutor. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que a qualidade bacteriologica das meias-carcacas e aceitavel, mostraram os microrganismos eleitos importantes para a avaliacao do “status bacteriologico” e tambem que nao houve diferenca estatistica significativa entre os resultados das analises bacteriologicas das meias-carcacas quentes e refrigeradas. Contudo, ha necessidade de vigilância constante por parte do controle de qualidade das industrias, afim de evitar que os valores, considerados aceitaveis, bem como os padroes bacteriologicos vigentes em outros paises nao sejam ultrapassados. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Analise bacteriologica, meia-carcaca bovina, qualidade.
Functional and Structural Analysis of the Yeast SWI/SNF Complex: a Dissertation

Modulating chromatin strcture is an important step in maintaning control over the eukarotic genome. SWISNF, one of the complexes belonging to the growing famly of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes, is involved in controllng the expression of a number of inducible genes whose proper regulation is vita for metabolism and progression though mitosis. The mechanism by which SWISNF modulates chromatin strctue at the nucleosome level is an important aspect of ths regulation. The work in this disserttion focuses on how the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SWISNF complex uses the energy of ATP-hydrolysis to alter DNAhistone contacts in nucleosomes. Ths has been approached in a two par fashion. First, the theedimensional strcture and subunit composition of SWI/SNF complex has been determned. From this study we have identified a potential region of the SWI/SNF complex that might a site for nucleosomal interaction. Second, functional analysis of the ATPase domai of Swi2p, the catalytic subunit of SWISNF, has revealed that a specific conserved motif is involved in coupling A TP hydrolysis to the mechanism of chromatin remodeling. These results provide a potential model for the function of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex at the nucleosome level.
Assessing swells in La Réunion Island from terrestrial seismic observations, oceanographic records and offshore wave models

La Réunion Island in the southwest Indian Ocean is seasonally affected by austral swells among which some extreme events may have strong impacts on coastal infrastructures. The very limited number of sensors available on and around the island and in the whole SW Indian Ocean impedes any direct monitoring of the swell activity. In this study, we analyse direct observations of the ocean swell by combining terrestrial measurements of the microseismic noise with in situ oceanographic observations issued from two pressure gauges and an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP), together with swell numerical modelling. The reliability of the terrestrial seismic station to characterize the ocean activity in both the primary and secondary microseisms peaks (PM and SM, respectively), and also in the long period secondary microseismic peak (LPSM) for the case of La Réunion Island is presented and discussed here. By computing the hourly RMS of the PM and LP(SM) amplitudes, we establish a transfer function between the PM and (LP)SM amplitude and the maximum wave height, which appears to be valid for any PM and LPSM amplitudes >0.15 μm and >1.0 μm, respectively. The correlation coefficient between the PM amplitude and the wave height is >0.92. It suggests that the PM amplitude can be used as a robust proxy for the swell height and may help calibrating the wave heights from other independent observable. For some swell events, we observe LPSM that correlate well (>0.91) with the local wave height suggesting a generation by coastal swell reflection. From polarization and spectral analyses, directions and periods of swells are also well retrieved from seismic data. Finally, continuous measure of the SM amplitude shows that it can be used as precursor information for distant swells that may hit La Réunion Island a few days after their generation in the southern Indian Ocean.
A biogeographic model of fire regimes in Australia: current and future implications

Aim Patterns of fire regimes across Australia exhibit biogeographic variation in response to four processes. Variations in area burned and fire frequency result from differences in the rates of ‘switching’ of biomass growth, availability to burn, fire weather and ignition. Therefore differing processes limit fire (i.e. the lowest rate of switching) in differing ecosystems. Current and future trends in fire frequency were explored on this basis. Location Case studies of forests (cool temperate to tropical) and woodlands (temperate to arid) were examined. These represent a broad range of Australian biomes and current fire regimes. Methods Information on the four processes was applied to each case study and the potential minimum length of interfire interval was predicted and compared to current trends. The potential effects of global change on the processes were then assessed and future trends in fire regimes were predicted. Results Variations in fire regimes are primarily related to fluctuations in available moisture and dominance by either woody or herbaceous plant cover. Fire in woodland communities (dry climates) is limited by growth of herbaceous fuels (biomass), whereas in forests (wet climates) limitation is by fuel moisture (availability to burn) and fire weather. Increasing dryness in woodland communities will decrease potential fire frequency, while the opposite applies in forests. In the tropics, both forms of limitation are weak due to the annual wet/dry climate. Future change may therefore be constrained. Main conclusions Increasing dryness may diminish fire activity over much of Australia (dominance of dry woodlands), though increases may occur in temperate forests. Elevated CO2 effects may confound or reinforce these trends. The prognosis for the future fire regime in Australia is therefore uncertain.
Methods of Assessment of Cryopreserved Semen

Despite the significant progress, the post-thaw viability and fertility of the cryopreserved sperm are still reduced, as a consequence of accumulated cellular injuries that arise throughout the cryopreservation process. Many laboratory tests have already been carried out to verify these detrimental effects and their origin. Their is needed to well understand the whole process of cryopreservation and its influence on sperm function. As a consequence, it would lead to a subsequent improvement of sperm viability by means of reformulated protocols and approaches helping to minimize the detrimental effect of cryopreservation.
THE QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF SOIL MEIOFAUNA

Der ‘geteilte‐Trichter’ Ausleseapparat, eine Abänderung der Tullgren‐Trichtermethode zur Auslese der Bodenfauna, sowie ein Versuch zur Überprüfung der Apparatur und der Einfluss der Behandlung der Proben auf die Wirksamkeit der Auslese werden beschrieben. Bei Heidesandproben werden die besten Resultate erhalten, wenn Streu und Auflagehumus getrennt ausgelesen werden, der letztere in ungestörten, dünnen Schichten (1,3–1,9 cm). Der Unterschied zwischen Zimmertemperatur und der erwärmter Trichter (Lufttemperatur 30–35° C) hinsichtlich der Auslese der Streu ist unbedeutend; beim Auflagehumus ist die Erwärmung des Trichters jedoch wirkungsvoller.
Determination of the Nutritive Value of Sugar Cane Tops, Mulberry Leaves (M. Alba) and Calliandra (C. Calothyrsus) as Feed Supplements for Goats in Kenya -

A study to determine the nutritive value of fresh sugarcane tops (SCT), ensiled sugarcane tops, Mulberry (Morus Alba) and Calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus) in dairy goats’ diets was conducted using proximate analysis. The digestibility of the feeds was also determined using in Sacco degradation and in vitro gas production. Dry matter (DM) ranged between 93.96% – 96.37% whereby fresh SCT had the highest DM while SCT silage had the lowest DM. Crude protein (CP) ranged between 4.71% - 20.60%. The legumes had higher CP contents than the SCT. Calliandra calothyrsus had the highest CP of 20.60% and was followed by Mulberry which had 19.35%. Fresh sugarcane tops had the lowest CP of 4.71%. Mulberry leaves had the highest ash content (15.36%) while Calliandra had the lowest value (1.5%). SCT silage had a higher value (8.15%) than fresh SCT (6.94%). Mulberry leaves had the lowest NDF content (46%) while fresh SCT had the highest NDF content (87%). Likewise, Mulberry had the lowest ADF content (40%) while Calliandra had the highest ADF content (53%). Fresh SCT also had the highest CF content (41%) while Mulberry had the lowest CF content (11.51%). When comparing the forage legumes, Calliandra had a higher CF content (19.67%) than Mulberry. Mulberry had the highest potential and effective degradability of 91% and 64% respectively. Fresh SCT and SCT silage followed with potential degradabilities of 81% and 73% respectively and effective degradability of 31.2% and 28% respectively. Calliandra had the lowest potential and effective degradability of 33.9% and 17.9% respectively. It was concluded that Mulberry leaves have a high potential as a protein supplement for goats.
The Effect of a Small Copper Addition on the Electrical Conductivity of Aluminum

Aluminum powder blended with 10, 20, and 30 wt% of copper powder is compacted at 400 °C by four reciprocal extrusion passes. Simultaneous compaction and strengthening result in more than double increase in mechanical strength characteristics for 20 and 30 wt% of copper and a significant increase in electrical conductivity for 30 wt% of copper. This phenomenon is investigated here by the expansion of the “effective media” model for a random binary mixture so that it includes the presence of intermetallic phases and considers the distribution of large copper agglomerates.
MECHANISM OF AGGREGATE REACTIVATION BY THE MOLECULAR CHAPERONE CLPB

ClpB, a bacterial chaperone that belongs to the AAA+ protein family, cooperates with the Hsp70/40 system (DnaK, DnaJ and GrpE in E.coli) in the reactivation of aggregated substrates by translocating them through the central channel of its hexameric form. ClpB is essential for survival of bacteria under heat shock and plays an important role in the infectivity of pathogenic microorganisms. However the detailed mechanism of ClpB disaggregation activity is still not clear. ClpB is a multi-domain protein, which consists of two nucleotide binding domains (NBD1 and NBD2) connected by the middle domain (M domain), and the N-terminal domain connected to the rest of the protein by a flexible linker. In this work, mutations were introduced into the linker region to modify the mobility of the N-terminal domain. It was found that without altering the proper folding and oligomerization of ClpB, all the mutants had deficiencies in aggregate reactivation, possibly due to the weaker binding to aggregated substrates in the initial step of disaggregation. This led to the conclusion that the flexible attachment of the N-terminal domain supports substrate binding and controls the disaggregation by ClpB. Moreover, partial inhibition of the ClpB chaperone activity was observed for all the linker variants, suggesting that the linker sequence might have been optimized by selective pressure to maintain the optimal efficiency of aggregate reactivation. To study the substrate translocation of ClpB, a BAP (ClpB-ClpA P-loop) variant that binds to the protease ClpP was constructed. A FRET-based experiment was designed and the fluorescently-labeled ClpB substrates were produced. This work sets the stage for further studies on the mechanism of aggregate recognition by ClpB. ClpB also plays important roles in pathogenic bacteria invasion and virulence. Recombinant ClpB from Ehrlichia chaffeensis, a pathogenic bacterium that causes human monocytic ehrlichiosis, was purified to study its biochemical properties. Ehrlichia ClpB (Eh_B) and E.coli ClpB (Ec_B) sequences are highly conserved in the nucleotide binding region and poorly conserved in the N-terminal and M domain. The oligomerization, ATPase activity, chaperone activity and substrate binding of the recombinant Eh_B were tested. Recombinant Eh_B was able to reactivate aggregated proteins in the presence of HSP70 from E.coli with equal efficiency as Ec_B. However, the mechanism of Eh_B interactions with substrates and/or substrate specificity may be different from that of E. coli ClpB. MECHANISM OF AGGREGATE REACTIVATION BY THE MOLECULAR CHAPERONE CLPB
Physicochemical Properties of White Soft Cheese Supplemented With Encapsulated Olive Phenolic Compounds

Background and Objective: White soft cheese is one of the most popular, high nutritional and healthy dairy products in Egypt. The Olive cake and mill waste-water are natural sources of phenolic compounds enriched with natural antioxidants. The aim of this work was the use of milk proteins as carriers for olive polyphenolic extract and its use it in the production of white soft cheese. Materials and Methods: polyphenols were extracted from olive mill waste. Maltodextrin (MD) with whey protein isolate (WPI) and skim milk powder (SMP) were used to entrap olive polyphenols extract. Encapsulation efficiency (EE), particle size, Zeta potential and electron microscopy for the prepared capsules were assessed. White soft cheese fortified with polyphenol capsules was made. The polyphenols content, antioxidant activity, texture profiles and sensory properties of cheese were followed. Results: The SMP/MD mixture gives better encapsulation efficiency of 90.08%, while the combination between MD with WPI at ratio 50:50 improved the encapsulation efficiency up to 88.42%. Capsules prepared with the use of SMP/MD mixture less mean diameter of 189 nm compared with using WPI: MD 50:50 which recorded 270.3 nm. Also, capsules prepared with SMP/MD mixture showed zeta potential of -39.75 mV while that prepared using WPI with MD showed -13.7 mV. Electron microscopy revealed that SMP capsules had diameter of 122.04 nm compared to 262.07 nm for WPI capsules. White soft cheese with fortification by olive polyphenols capsules had high total solids and protein contents and almost constant antioxidant activity during 30 days of cold storage. Hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of cheese fortified with polyphenols capsules increased significantly (P˂ 0.05) compared to control samples. Also, it gained higher total acceptability scores compared to control. Conclusion: Milk proteins can be used successfully to encapsulate olive polyphenols and polyphenols capsules can be used in the production of healthy white soft cheese.
Modeling molecular signaling and gene expression using Dynamic Nested Effects Models

Cellular decision making in differentiation, proliferation or apoptosis is mediated by molecular signaling processes, which control the regulation and expression of genes. Vice versa, the expression of genes can trigger the activity of signaling pathways. I summarize methodology by Markowetz et al. known as the Nested Effects Models (NEMs) to reconstruct static non-transcriptional networks using subset relationships from perturbation data and bring out its limitation to model slow-going biological processes like cell differentiation. I introduce and describe new statistical methodologies called Dynamic Nested Effects Models (DNEMs) and Cyclic Dynamic Nested Effects Models (CDNEMs) for analyzing the temporal interplay of cell signaling and gene expression. DNEMs and CDNEMs are Bayesian models of signal propagation in a network. They decompose observed time delays of multiple step signaling processes into single steps. Time delays are assumed to be exponentially distributed. Rate constants of signal propagation are model parameters, whose joint posterior distribution is assessed via Gibbs sampling. They hold information on the interplay of different forms of biological signal propagation: Molecular signaling in the cytoplasm acts at high rates, direct signal propagation via transcription and translation at intermediate rates, while secondary effects operate at low rates. I evaluate my methods in simulation experiments and demonstrate their practical applications to embryonic stem cell development in mice. The results from these models explain how stem cells could succeed to carry out differentiation to specialized cells of the body such as muscle cells or neurons, a process that goes in one direction. The inferred molecular communication underlying such a process proposes how organisms protect themselves against the reversal of cell differentiation and thereby against cancer.
Genetic resources in Finnish landrace rye (Secale cereale) and experimental evolving of its spring-habit from winter rye

Rye was the most important grain crop in Finland towards the end of the 19th century. Rye was largely grown in burned lands, kaski (slash-and-burn) and kytö, in the past. In the primary form of kytö, shoveled topsoil was heated on fires slowly combusting extraneous wood, brushwood or reed, or in the secondary form, a dry upper layer of organic topsoil of field was burned in a prescribed frontal mode in situ. The kytö selected against the brittle spike type, largely eliminating the weedy seed banks in the soil. Likewise, seed handling, especially the common cleaning with a pohdin -device further eliminated partially brittle spike types and selected against weedy rye. Rye was a cash-crop for the peasants in the past and was mainly attempted to be exported as seed. The commonly used smoky riihi-drying sanitized and conserved grains, which retained germinabilty, and in part increased demand for seed abroad. The grains produced on burned lands were fortified with minerals, including the minor elements, and good winter-hardiness occurred in the Finnish rye. The immigrant Finns were probably the first since 1638 to grow rye from seeds brought along with them to New Sweden in North America, where de-domesticated or feral rye became a weed problem in the 1950s. Some genetically variable landraces could be sown during different times of the year, thanks to segregate plants adapted to different sowing-times. Sowing of a winter rye landrace in May, the season of spring grain sowing, enabled selection of spring-habit mutants or segregants, which could be used to establish a truebreeding spring stock of rye shown experimentally. In the past, mid-summer sowing could occur with co-cultivation, e.g. with the traditional slash-and-burn turnip as the first season crop, or the autumn seedling of rye could be used as pasture. The Finnish rye populations frequently had cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and nuclear restorer genes of anther fertility effective in the CMS. A non-leaky CMS and a leaky CMS (with male fertility in the late stems) are shown. Homozygosity obtained through forced self-pollination in a Finnish rye revealed unnoticed genes, such as dwarfs. A local rye population originating from Putkosjärvi area (64° 27’ N), in Ristijärvi Municipality, evidently devoid of the frequently contaminating weed, rye brome (Bromus secalinus), is thought to present an uncontaminated, ancient Finnish rye. The rye brome has contaminated growth in Finland at least since the Iron Age. Morphological variants, like brown spike or glume color and awnlessness were detected in the landrace. Two of 18 Finnish landraces were found to carry accessory or B chromosomes in a study in 1964. B chromosomes are known to interfere with the expression of some genes, perhaps also ensuring variation in the vernalisation needs of the plants.
Effect of social interaction in development of cognitive abilities of dairy animals- A Review

Shortly before parturition, cows tend to separate themselves from the herd and give birth in a secluded area (Lidfors et al., 1994). Once the calf is born, a series of maternal behaviors are observed, including licking of the calf and specific vocalizations (Keyserlingk and Weary, 2007). The newborn calf completely depends on the milk provided by the dam and will nurse approximately 8 to 12 times daily with each International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 2 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
- BASED ASSAYS SELECTING CELL-BASED ASSAYS FOR DRUG DISCOVERY SCREENING

Pharmaceutical companies approach drug discovery in a variety of ways. An early part of the experimental process often involves screening a large number of compounds using defined biochemical assays in an ultrahigh-throughput format. However, the effect of a drug on an organism is complex and involves interactions at multiple levels that cannot be predicted using biochemical assays. Trying to understand this complexity has contributed to an increased use of cell-based screening assays as more biologically relevant surrogates to predict the response of the organism. In addition, at some point in the drug discovery process, predicting cellular toxicity is important. Eukaryotic cell culture is accepted as the model system of choice to get a first approximation of toxicity. Furthermore, advances in assay chemistries and signal detection technology have allowed miniaturization of cell-based assays, making it more convenient to perform dose-response experiments during primary screens.