Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Profile of pharmacotherapy in elderly Indian patients: Preliminary findings

A retrospective analysis of the 110 prescriptions was carried out to investigate the prescribing pattern of drugs among the hospitalized elderly patients at a public tertiary care teaching hospital. The patients received an average (±SEM) of 8 ± 0.21 medications per encounter. Nearly three quarters (73%) of the patients received more than five, about a quarter (23%) of the patients received more than nine medications and only 4% of patients received less than five medications concurrently on a particular day. During the hospital stay, 88.2% of patients received antibiotics and 86.4% of patients were prescribed injections. Of all the admitted patients, 41% received 1-2 antibiotics and 47% of patients received more than two antibiotics. The percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name was only 18%, while 68.8% of these drugs were listed on the National Essential Medicine List. The three most commonly prescribed drug categories were antibiotics followed by the drugs acting on the cardiovascular system and oral hypoglycemic agents. The five most frequent disorders among elderly were Circulatory system disorders, Endocrine disorders, Digestive system disorder and Genitourinary system disorders. The results indicate that the prescribing of drugs to the elderly requires rationalization, particularly prescribing of antibiotics, injections and the prescribing by generic names. These are achievable and can be achieved through orienting the prescribers to the principles of pharmacotherapy in geriatric patients. India has the second largest population worldwide and it comprises approximately 16% of the world population; and, it is reasonable to believe that India will have a large number of elderly persons. The report of Helpage India - an NGO - indicates that currently there are 77 million elderly persons in India and this will rise to 177 million by 2025 (21). By 2006, one in seven elderly in the world will be an Indian. India occupies 2.4 per cent of the global area while 16 per cent of the elderly population lives in the country. An average Indian expects to live for 62 years while the world average is 75. The life expectancy in India is expected to reach 75 yr by 2025 while the death rate will be 7.7%, down from 25% now. The exceptional growth in the proportion of the elderly worldwide is directly related to the advances in medical sciences and healthcare delivery. The increase in the elderly population has led to more hospital admissions, longer hospital stays and more extensive drug therapies. The longer one lives the more chronic diseases one is likely to accumulate and therefore, a larger number of drugs are required for treatment. The age-related pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes have been extensively studied and several concurrent diseases underlie the use of multiple drugs in elderly (9). As a result, the risk of adverse drug reactions and drug-drug interactions is known to increase among the elderly patients (17). Several factors which contribute to changes in the drug use patterns of the elderly are increasing age, availability of new classes of drugs,
Sharing Economy and Applications

Sharing economy has emerged as influential economic model in the last decades. A considerable literature has grown up around the sub-themes of sharing economy including business-related, system-related, and other context-related studies. Examining a general phenomenon in a limited scope is a strategy for specific perspective and conclusions. Therefore, examining sharing economy phenomenon in a business and marketing perspective can be useful for business related viewpoint. The study is composed of three parts and begins with a theorotical review of conceptual background. It will then go on to three level structures for this study, including consumer level, business and brand level, and system levels. The remaining part includes context-based studies about level structure. After reviewing topics in contexts, there are presented selected studies about related contexts. The study aims to research sharing economy in a general view and review businessand marketingrelated topics and studies. Sharing Economy and Applications: Business and Marketing Perspective
Driving the Presence of Investor Sentiment: The Role of Media Tone in IPOs

Using word frequency analysis to define whether news articles are positive or negative, we measure media bias as the number of positive in excess of negative news articles in the pre-IPO period and empirically examine how media bias affects post-IPO market performance. Consistent with our hypothesis that media bias drives retail demand for IPOs, leading to a temporary deviation from fundamentals in post-IPO prices, we find robust evidence that media bias is positively related to IPO first-day returns while negatively related to long-run abnormal returns, even after controlling for the number of news articles. Further analysis reveals a negative relation between media bias and the rate of allocation among retail investors, and a positive relation between media bias and retail trading in the immediate aftermarket, indicating that media bias brings more retail investors both to the primary market and to the secondary market. Taken together, these findings suggest that media tone can influence post-IPO prices through the presence of investor sentiment around the IPO event.
Earnings Trend and Performance Relative to Benchmarks: How Consistency Influences Their Joint Use

ABSTRACT Archival research shows that the market reacts to earnings trend as well as to earnings performance relative to analysts' forecasts (i.e., benchmark performance). We conduct four experiments to investigate "how" and "why" investors react to these two measures when "both" are available over multiple time periods. Our results show that investors rely on an earnings measure only when it is consistent over time. When both measures are consistent over time, investors use them in an additive fashion, suggesting that they view them as providing different information about the firm. Further tests show that investors believe that earnings trend and benchmark performance both provide information about a firm's future prospects and management's credibility. Although judged future prospects fully explain the effect of earnings trend on investor judgments, neither judged future prospects nor management credibility completely explains the effect of benchmark performance. Our study has implications for firm managers and researchers. Copyright (c), University of Chicago on behalf of the Accounting Research Center, 2010.
Advanced Optical Flow Cytometry: Methods and Disease Diagnoses

This book thus covers the spectrum ranging from fundamental interactions between light, cells, vascular tissue, and cell labeling particles, to strategies and opportunities for preclinical and clinical research. General topics include light scattering by cells, fast video microscopy, polarization, laser-scanning, fluorescence, Raman, multi-photon, photothermal, and photoacoustic methods for cellular diagnostics and monitoring of disease treatment in living organisms. Also presented are discussions of advanced methods and techniques of classical flow cytometry.
Obstructive sleep apnoea and daytime driver sleepiness

Driver sleepiness is known to be a major contributor to road traffic incidents (RTIs). An initial literature review identified many studies reporting untreated obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) sufferers as having impaired driving performance and increased RTI risk. It is consistently reported that treatment with continuous positive air pressure (CPAP) improves driving performance and decreases RTI risk, although most of these studies are conducted less than one year after starting treatment. UK law allows treated OSA patients to continue driving if their doctor states that treatment has been successful. Despite the wealth of publications surrounding OSA and driving, 6 key areas were identified from the literature review as not fully investigated, the: (i) prevalence of undiagnosed OSA in heavy goods vehicle (HGV) drivers in the UK; (ii) impact of sleep restriction on long term CPAP treated OSA compared with healthy controls; (iii) ability of treated OSA participants to identify sleepiness when driving; (iv) impact of one night CPAP withdrawal on driving performance; (v) individual difference in driving performance of long term CPAP treated OSA participants; (vi) choice of countermeasures to driver sleepiness by two groups susceptible to driver sleepiness, OSA and HGV drivers. Key areas (i) and (vi) were assessed using questionnaires. 148 HGV drivers were surveyed to assess OSA symptoms and preference of countermeasures to driver sleepiness. All participants completing the driving simulator study were also surveyed. 9.5% of HGV drivers were found to have symptoms of suspected undiagnosed OSA. Additionally the OSA risk factors were more prevalent for HGV drivers than reported in national statistics reports for the general population. The most effective countermeasures to driver sleepiness (caffeine and a nap) were not the most popular. Being part of a susceptible group (OSA or HGV driver) and prior experience of driver sleepiness did not promote effective choice of countermeasure. Key areas (ii) to (v) were assessed using a driving simulator. Driving simulators present a safe environment to test participants in a scenario where they may experience sleepiness without endangering other road users. (Continues.).
Forgotten agritourism: abandoned websites in the promotion of rural tourism in Poland

Purpose Until recently, a large number of owners of small agritourism farms in Poland, for promotional purposes, used the (“abandoned”) websites made in an amateur manner at the lowest possible cost. The main purpose of this study is to characterize these websites. To achieve this goal, an attempt was made to evaluate the quality of these sites. Design/methodology/approach Two sets of websites were studied: the set of archaic sites (n = 282) and the set of modern sites (n = 282). The study consisted in the evaluation of selected attributes of the website development technology. The obtained results were normalized using the method of zero unitarization. Subsequently, the value of the aggregate variable was determined, which made it possible to describe each website with one synthetic quality index (SQI). Findings “Abandoned websites” do not perform marketing and sales functions. Owing to the frequent lack of content, they also lack an informative function. These websites have documentary value, as well as a historical function. Originality/value The paper presents the assessment of websites using one of the unification methods and the SQI. It has been shown that websites, in addition to having typical functions such as information, marketing or contact, may also have a historical function.
Brexit and the limits of financial power in the UK

Brexit poses a profound challenge to the economic fortunes of the City of London. Recognising this, the UK financial sector campaigned for a Remain vote in the June 2016 EU referendum, and has subsequently lobbied for a ‘soft’ Brexit policy to guarantee continued access to the EU’s single market. Despite this, the newly-formed government led by Theresa May has pursued a ‘hard’ Brexit policy which will see the UK withdraw from both the single market and customs union. This is puzzling because it is potentially highly damaging for the UK national business model, characterised by a large, internationalised and competitive financial sector that is dependent on exports to the EU. How can we explain the City’s apparent failure to influence the UK’s Brexit policy? We argue that while the UK financial sector continues to wield formidable ‘latent’ structural power, its capacity to translate this into instrumental forms of influence within government has been constrained by three factors. First, the high political salience of Brexit has reduced the effectiveness of City lobbying, which traditionally operates through closed networks of influence. Second, institutional reform within government has challenged the traditional City-Treasury-Bank of England ‘nexus’, thereby weakening the representation of the City’s interests within government. Third, the City itself is deeply divided on this Brexit issue, constraining the industry’s capacity to organise collectively to influence policy makers. The Global Economic Governance Programme is directed by Emily Jones and has been made possible through the generous support of Old Members of University College. Its research projects have been principally funded by the Ford Foundation (New York), the International Development Research Centre (Ottawa), and the MacArthur Foundation (Chicago). 1 Scott James is Senior Lecturer in Political Economy at King's College London (scott.james@kcl.ac.uk). During 2017, Scott held a visiting position at the Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford. 2 Lucia Quaglia is Professor of Political Science at the University of York (lucia.quaglia@york.ac.uk). This paper was written while Lucia was a research fellow at the BIGSSS (University of Bremen) and Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg (HWK), and at the Scuola Normale Superiore, Florence. The Global Economic Governance Programme University of Oxford Page 2 of 24 Brexit and the Limits of Financial Power in the UK – Scott James and Lucia Quaglia © May 2017 / GEG WP 129 Table of
Integration of CT in patients with suspicion of CAD or known CAD

Hybrid imaging provides information about myocardial perfusion by SPECT and about coronary arteries by CT calcium scoring (CACS) or/and by CT angiography (CTA). It offers a unique opportunity to evaluate for coronary artery disease and its pathophysiological consequences (1, 2). Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is highly specific for the presence of coronary atherosclerosis and is directly related to the total atherosclerotic plaque burden in the coronary arteries. Although CAC is frequently found in angiographically significant CAD it is of low specificity. Thus, calcification implies atherosclerosis but not necessarily the presence of a stenosis. Otherwise, assessment of coronary calcium allows detection of atherosclerotic lesions often long before they become hemodynamically significant (2, 3). The difference between myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS) and CT CACS is that MPS represents an excellent tool for assessing short-term risk, thus effectively guiding decisions regarding revascularisation. In contrast, CACS provides greater long-term risk assessment and, thus, is more useful for the need of medical prevention measures (4). The principal prognostic value of coronary artery calcium scoring (CACS) lies in asymptomatic patients with a low to intermediate likelihood of CAD. A CACS threshold >400 generally appears appropriate to refer for stress MPS. The referral of patients for MPS is generally not needed when the CACS is <100 because of the very low likelihood of myocardial ischemia in such patients. A CACS of 100 to 400 constitutes a ‘‘gray zone’’ relative to the issue of who may require stress test referral after CACS. For CACS in this range, clinical factors (e. g. diabetes) are likely to determine whether ischemia testing is needed. In these cases a threshold of ≥100 for further testing seems appropriate (4). Although the relationship between CACS and MPS is well understood, the relative roles of MPS and CTA are not clearly defined. Given the higher specificity of coronary CTA than of MPS, it may be that coronary CTA will produce changes in the approach to diagnosis in patients with an intermediate likelihood of CAD. Coronary CTA may well become the preferred initial test in these patients, with MPS serving more of a secondary test role. If a patient with an intermediate likelihood of CAD has a normal coronary CTA, without significant coronary calcification, no further testing would be required. If critical coronary stenoses are found, catheter-based coronary angiography would be indicated for possible PCI or CABG. In many patients, however, stenoses defined by coronary CTA will be of uncertain significance, and MPS would then be appropriate for further diagnostic assessment. In patients with known disease or in patients with known or likely to have extensive CACS MPS represents the initial test for risk-stratification and further patient management (2, 3).
Step by Step MRI

For almost a quarter of a century magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used clinically and while there are more sophisticated approaches in use on a daily basis, neither physician nor researcher would be able to perform what they do today without knowing the basics. A handy guide for those beginning to work in the radiology department, Step by Step MRI provides those just beginning to work or to train in a radiology department with an introductory background as to what is MRI and what can be obtained for the patient's benefit. The accompanying CD helps the learner with the essentials of interpreting an MRI scan.
Classification of Tuber Plants in Sasak Language

—This study aims to (1) identify and inventory the lexicon and (2) describe the ethnobotany classification and nomenclature system. The identification and inventory of lexicons are intended to determine the shape and number of lexicons of tubers in the Sasak language. The description of the ethnobotany classification and nomenclature system of tubers is intended to find out the ethnoscience of Sasak speakers in that domain. For this purpose, the taxonomic classification and ethnobiology nomenclature theory used developed by Berlin et al. (1973) and Berlin (1992). Meanwhile, data collection in this study was conducted by participatory observation and in-depth interviews. In addition, intuitively introspective, linguistic data that has been collected is reconstructed and classified so that it becomes an adequate data type, of course by triangulating sources/data. These data are analyzed using the componential analysis method. The results of this study indicate that the lexicons of tubers in the Sasak language at the level of generic taxa are numerous, whereas there are not many at specific taxa and varietal taxa. This correlates strongly with the important role (certain taxa) in the lives of the Sasak-speaking people. From a theoretical perspective, there is a discrepancy between the general rules of ethnobiological nomenclature (which was submitted by Berlin et al., 1973) and the data, which is related to labeling taxa varietal with secondary lexemes whose superordinate category is labeled with primary lexemes.
Analisis Spasial Faktor Risiko Lingkungan Pada Kejadian Leptospirosis di Kota Semarang (Sebagai Sistem Kewaspadaan Dini)

Leptospirosis adalah penyakit zoonosis yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Leptospira dan menular kepada manusia lewat kontak dengan urine hewan dan lingkungan yang terkontaminasi. Kota Semarang merupakan daerah dengan kejadian Leptospirosis selama tiga tahun terakhir. Pada bulan Juli sampai November 2008 terdapat 34 kejadian Leptospirosis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memetakan distribusi kejadian Leptospirosis dan menganalisis faktor risiko lingkungannya secara spasial agar dihasilkan informasi surveilans sebagai sistem kewaspadaan dini pengendalian kejadian Leptospirosis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian terapan tipe deskriptif analitik dengan menggunakan data primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemetaan lingkungan abiotik yang terdiri dari : indeks curah hujan, suhu, kelembaban udara, intensitas cahaya, pH air, pH tanah, badan air alami, riwayat banjir dan rob tidak menunjukkan sebagai faktor risiko kejadian Leptospirosis di lokasi penelitian. Pemetaan lingkungan biotik yang terdiri dari : vegetasi, keberhasilan penangkapan (trap succes) dan prevalensi leptospirosis pada tikus menunjukkan salah satu variabelnya yaitu prevalensi leptospirosis pada tikus ( r = 0,69, 95 % CI, p < 0,05) sebagai faktor risiko lingkungan kejadian Leptospirosis di lokasi penelitian. Analisis spasial penentuan tingkat kerawanan terhadap lingkungan abiotik menunjukkan 64,71 % kejadian leptospirosis terjadi di lokasi yang tidak rawan dan 35,29 % kejadian leptospirosis di lokasi potensial, dengan demikian faktor risiko lingkungan abiotik secara kolektif bukan merupakan faktor yang berperan utama terhadap kejadian Leptospirosis. Analisis spasial penentuan tingkat kerawanan terhadap lingkungan biotik menunjukkan 67,65 % kejadian Leptospirosis terjadi di lokasi yang potensial dan 32,35 % kejadian leptospirosis di lokasi yang tidak rawan, dengan demikian faktor risiko lingkungan biotik secara kolektif merupakan faktor yang berperan terhadap kejadian Leptospirosis
Zmiany koncentracji triglicerydów, cholesterolu całkowitego oraz cholesterolu HDL i LDL w osoczu krwi cieląt rasy limousine w pierwszych dziesięciu dniach życia postnatalnego

For thirteen calves (seven heifers, six bulls) of the limosine breed in the first ten days of life changes in the concentration of the triglyceride, total cholesterol, cholesterols HDL and LDL in the blood plasma were analyzed. During this period calves were kept with heifers. The triglyceride concentration in the blood plasma of calves with unrestricted access to colostrums and later to regular milk was slightly higher in the first days of the postnatal life compared to mature animals and was independent of the sex. In the first three days of life the highest increase of the triglycerides concentration in the blood plasma was observed. Individual variations in the triglycerides concentration in both sexes of calves were quite significant resulting probably from the different food intake times. With the age of calves a systematic increase of triglycerides, total cholesterol, cholesterol HDL and LDL was observed. However, the rise of the HDL cholesterol was proportionally higher than the LDL cholesterol. With the age of calves a gradual change in percentage of the lipoprotein HDL and LDL in distribution of the total cholesterol present in the blood was detected. From the 4–5 day of the postnatal life more than 50% of the total cholesterol was distributed by HDL lipoproteins.
Changing the Culture of Professional Development: Results of a Survey of the Graduates of the Mandel Teacher Educator Institute

TEI began in 1995 as a program aimed at changing the quality of teaching and learning in Jewish schools by creating a cadre of senior teacher educators who could upgrade the knowledge, skills, and instructional practices of teachers and related personnel in Jewish school settings. The need for such individuals was supported by CIJE research on both Jewish educators and the nature of professional development existing at the time in the Jewish community. This research showed that teachers lacked Jewish content knowledge and pedagogic training, though many considered Jewish education to be their career. It also showed that the most prevalent form of professional development was the one-shot workshop devoted to generic teaching skills and devoid of Jewish content. Such professional development could not begin to address the challenges of improving Jewish education.