Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Incident Cancers in the Lifelines Population-Based Cohort

Simple Summary The accurate prediction of incident cancers could be relevant to understanding and reducing cancer incidence. The aim of this study was to develop machine learning (ML) models that could predict an incident diagnosis of cancer. Data were available for 116,188 cancer-free participants and 4232 incident cancer cases. The main outcome was an incident cancer (excluding skin cancer) during follow-up assessment in a population-based cohort. The performance of three ML algorithms was evaluated using supervised binary classification to identify incident cancers among participants. An overall area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) < 0.75 was obtained; the highest AUC was for prostate cancer AUC > 0.80. Linear and non-linear ML algorithms including socioeconomic, lifestyle, and clinical variables produced a moderate predictive performance of incident cancers in the Lifelines cohort. Abstract Cancer incidence is rising, and accurate prediction of incident cancers could be relevant to understanding and reducing cancer incidence. The aim of this study was to develop machine learning (ML) models that could predict an incident diagnosis of cancer. Participants without any history of cancer within the Lifelines population-based cohort were followed for a median of 7 years. Data were available for 116,188 cancer-free participants and 4232 incident cancer cases. At baseline, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and clinical variables were assessed. The main outcome was an incident cancer during follow-up (excluding skin cancer), based on linkage with the national pathology registry. The performance of three ML algorithms was evaluated using supervised binary classification to identify incident cancers among participants. Elastic net regularization and Gini index were used for variables selection. An overall area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) <0.75 was obtained, the highest AUC value was for prostate cancer (random forest AUC = 0.82 (95% CI 0.77–0.87), logistic regression AUC = 0.81 (95% CI 0.76–0.86), and support vector machines AUC = 0.83 (95% CI 0.78–0.88), respectively); age was the most important predictor in these models. Linear and non-linear ML algorithms including socioeconomic, lifestyle, and clinical variables produced a moderate predictive performance of incident cancers in the Lifelines cohort.
A New Tactile Transfer Cell Using Magnetorheological Materials for Robot-Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery

This paper proposes a new type of tactile transfer cell which can be effectively applied to robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery (RMIS). The proposed tactile device is manufactured from two smart materials, a magnetorheological fluid (MRF) and a magnetorheological elastomer (MRE), whose viscoelastic properties are controllable by an external magnetic field. Thus, it can produce field-dependent repulsive forces which are equivalent to several human organs (or tissues) such as a heart. As a first step, an appropriate tactile sample is made using both MRF and MRE associated with porous foam. Then, the microstructures of these materials taken from Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images are presented, showing the particle distribution with and without the magnetic field. Subsequently, the field-dependent repulsive force of the sample, which is equivalent to the stress relaxation property of viscoelastic materials, are measured at several compressive deformation depths. Then, the measured values are compared with the calculated values obtained from Young’s modulus of human tissue data via the finite element method. It is identified from this comparison that the proposed tactile transfer cell can mimic the repulsive force (or hardness) of several human organs. This directly indicates that the proposed MR materials-based tactile transfer cell (MRTTC in short) can be effectively applied to RMIS in which the surgeon can feel the strength or softness of the human organ by just changing the magnetic field intensity. In this work, to reflect a more practical feasibility, a psychophysical test is also carried out using 20 volunteers, and the results are analyzed, presenting the standard deviation.
A Simple Classification of Pancreatic Duct Size and Texture Predicts Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a classification system for pancreas-associated risk factors in pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). Summary Background Data: Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is the most relevant PD-associated complication. A simple standardized surgical reporting system based on pancreas-associated risk factors is lacking. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted to identify studies investigating clinically relevant (CR) POPF (CR-POPF) and pancreas-associated risk factors after PD. A meta-analysis of CR-POPF rate for texture of the pancreas (soft vs not-soft) and main pancreatic duct (MPD) diameter was performed using the Mantel-Haenszel method. Based on the results, the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery (ISGPS) proposes the following classification: A, not-soft (hard) texture and MPD >3 mm; B, not-soft (hard) texture and MPD ≤3 mm; C, soft texture and MPD >3 mm; D, soft texture and MPD ≤3 mm. The classification was evaluated in a multi-institutional, international cohort. Results: Of the 2917 articles identified, 108 studies were included in the analyses. Soft pancreatic texture was significantly associated with the development of CR-POPF [odds ratio (OR) 4.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.67-4.89, P < 0.01) following PD. Similarly, MPD diameter ≤3 mm significantly increased CR-POPF risk compared with >3 mm diameter MPDs (OR 3.66, 95% CI 2.62–5.12, P < 0.01). The proposed 4-stage system was confirmed in an independent cohort of 5533 patients with CR-POPF rates of 3.5%, 6.2%, 16.6%, and 23.2% for type A-D, respectively (P < 0.001). Conclusion: For future pancreatic surgical outcomes studies, the ISGPS recommends reporting these risk factors according to the proposed classification system for better comparability of results.
High-risk motor vehicle drivers engage in more risk behaviors than motorcyclists

Objective: The purpose of this study was to characterize and compare risk behaviors between motorcyclists and motor vehicle drivers who were involved in accidents and required hospitalization. The study focused on patients who were recently involved in motorcycle collisions (MCCs) and motor vehicle collisions (MVCs). Methods: We identified 63 patients involved in MCCs and 39 patients involved in MVCs who were admitted to our level-1 trauma center from April 2014 to September 2015. These 102 patients completed a questionnaire designed to evaluate risky driving behaviors. Pearson’s chi-squared tests and unpaired two-tailed t-tests were used to evaluate categorical and normally distributed continuous variables, respectively. Multivariable linear regression was used to analyze predictors of risk behavior. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: When compared to patients involved in an MCC, patients involved in MVCs were more likely to be female (p = 0.007), drive more frequently (p < 0.001), and never perceive the risk of an accident (p = 0.036). MVC patients were more likely to have admitted to substance use on the day of the accident (p = 0.030), historically drive under the influence of drugs (p = 0.031), drive while tired (p < 0.001), drive while text messaging (p < 0.001), and speed while overtaking vehicles (p = 0.011). Overall, MVC patients engaged in more risk behaviors (3.3 ± 1.3 vs. 2.0 ± 1.5; p < 0.001) and were more likely to engage in multiple risk behaviors (p < 0.001). MVCs were associated with increased risk behavior, even after controlling for protective behaviors, driving history, and demographics (p = 0.045). Conclusions: Within our cohort of trauma patients at our institution, motor vehicle drivers were more likely than motorcyclists to engage in any one risk behavior and engage in a higher number of risk behaviors. In addition, motor vehicle drivers perceived their risk of a potential accident as lower than riding a motorcycle. Education initiatives should focus on motor vehicle driver safety interventions that reduce risk behaviors.
Increased expression of ANAC017 primes for accelerated senescence

Abstract Recent studies in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have reported conflicting roles for NAC DOMAIN CONTAINING PROTEIN 17 (ANAC017), a transcription factor regulating mitochondria-to-nuclear signaling, and its closest paralog NAC DOMAIN CONTAINING PROTEIN 16 (ANAC016), in leaf senescence. By synchronizing senescence in individually darkened leaves of knockout and overexpressing mutants from these contrasting studies, we demonstrate that elevated ANAC017 expression consistently causes accelerated senescence and cell death. A time-resolved transcriptome analysis revealed that senescence-associated pathways such as autophagy are not constitutively activated in ANAC017 overexpression lines, but require a senescence-stimulus to trigger accelerated induction. ANAC017 transcript and ANAC017-target genes are constitutively upregulated in ANAC017 overexpression lines, but surprisingly show a transient “super-induction” 1 d after senescence induction. This induction of ANAC017 and its target genes is observed during the later stages of age-related and dark-induced senescence, indicating the ANAC017 pathway is also activated in natural senescence. In contrast, knockout mutants of ANAC017 showed lowered senescence-induced induction of ANAC017 target genes during the late stages of dark-induced senescence. Finally, promoter binding analyses show that the ANAC016 promoter sequence is directly bound by ANAC017, so ANAC016 likely acts downstream of ANAC017 and is directly transcriptionally controlled by ANAC017 in a feed-forward loop during late senescence.
Green Light Improves Photosystem Stoichiometry in Cucumber Seedlings (Cucumis sativus) Compared to Monochromatic Red Light

It has been shown that monochromatic red and blue light influence photosynthesis and morphology in cucumber. It is less clear how green light impacts photosynthetic performance or morphology, either alone or in concert with other wavelengths. In this study, cucumber (Cucumis sativus) was grown under monochromatic blue, green, and red light, dichromatic blue–green, red–blue, and red–green light, as well as light containing red, green, and blue wavelengths, with or without supplemental far-red light. Photosynthetic data collected under treatment spectra at light-limiting conditions showed that both red and green light enhance photosynthesis. However, photosynthetic data collected with a 90% red, 10% blue, 1000 µmol photons m−2 s−1, saturating light show significantly lower photosynthesis in the green, red, and red–green treatments, indicating a blue light enhancement due to photosystem stoichiometric differences. The red–green and green light treatments show improved photosynthetic capacity relative to red light, indicating partial remediation by green light. Despite a lower quantum efficiency and the lowest ambient photosynthesis levels, the monochromatic blue treatment produced among the tallest, most massive plants with the greatest leaf area and thickest stems.
Biomaterials and 3D printing techniques used in the medical field

Abstract An implants’ effectiveness depends upon the form of biomaterial used in its manufacture. A suitable material for implants should be biocompatible, sterile, mechanically stable and simple to shape. 3D printing technologies have been breaking new ground in the medical and medical industries in order to build patient-specific devices embedded in bioactive drugs, cells and proteins. Widespread use in medical 3D printing is a broad range of biomaterials including metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. Continuous work and developments in biomaterials used in 3D printing have contributed to significant growth of 3D printing applications in the production of personalised joints, prostheses, medication delivery system and 3D tissue engineering and regenerative medicine scaffolds. The present analysis focuses on the biomaterials used for therapeutic applications in different 3D printing technologies. Many specific forms of medical 3D printing technology are explored in depth, including fused deposition modelling, extrusion-based bioprinting, inkjet and poly-jet printing processes, their therapeutic uses, various types of biomaterial used today and the major shortcoming , are being studied in depth.
Different Approaches in Therapy Aiming to Stabilize an Unstable Atherosclerotic Plaque

Atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability is a vital clinical problem as vulnerable plaques tend to rupture, which results in atherosclerosis complications—myocardial infarctions and subsequent cardiovascular deaths. Therefore, methods aiming to stabilize such plaques are in great demand. In this brief review, the idea of atherosclerotic plaque stabilization and five main approaches—towards the regulation of metabolism, macrophages and cellular death, inflammation, reactive oxygen species, and extracellular matrix remodeling have been presented. Moreover, apart from classical approaches (targeted at the general mechanisms of plaque destabilization), there are also alternative approaches targeted either at certain plaques which have just become vulnerable or targeted at the minimization of the consequences of atherosclerotic plaque erosion or rupture. These alternative approaches have also been briefly mentioned in this review.
Effect of Frying and Roasting Processes on the Oxidative Stability of Sunflower Seeds (Helianthus annuus) under Normal and Accelerated Storage Conditions

The effect of different cooking processes such as frying and roasting on the oxidative stability of sunflower seeds was evaluated under accelerated oxidation and normal storage conditions. The fatty acid composition by GC-MS showed a higher amount of linoleic acid in fried samples due to the replacement of the seed moisture by the frying oil. On the other hand, roasted samples presented a higher oleic acid content. DSC and TGA results showed some decrease in the thermal stability of sunflower seed samples, whereas PV and AV showed the formation of primary and secondary products, with increasing oxidation time. Roasted sunflower seeds showed seven main volatile compounds characteristic of the roasting process by HS-SPME-GC-MS: 2-pentylfuran, 2,3-dimethyl-pyrazine, methyl-pyrazine, 2-octanone, 2-ethyl-6-methylpyrazine, trimethyl-pyrazine, and trans,cis-2,4-decadienal, whereas fried samples showed six volatile characteristic compounds of the frying process: butanal, 2-methyl-butanal, 3-methyl-butanal, heptanal, 1-hexanol, and trans,trans-2,4-decadienal. The generation of hydroperoxides, their degradation, and the formation of secondary oxidation products were also investigated by ATR-FTIR analysis. The proposed methodologies in this work could be suitable for monitoring the quality and shelf-life of commercial processed sunflower seeds with storage time.
mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Immunization Confers Robust Antibody Response in Occupational Healthcare Workers and Fosters Workplace Safety

ht © 2021 American Colle Conflicts of Interest: None decla Ethical Considerations & Disclo data are summary internal qua tained by ORNL Health Serv Department of Energy-Oak R Review Board Committee these data were ‘‘not hum the focus is on quality improv of the program using alrea (August 18, 2020). ’’ Supplemental digital contents are article. Direct URL citatio printed text and is provided PDF versions of this article on site (www.joem.org). Address correspondence to: Mar Health Services Division, Oa Laboratory, One Bethel Valle 4500 North, MS6220, Oak (waughmh@ornl.gov). Copyright 2021 American Co tional and Environmental Me DOI: 10.1097/JOM.00000000000
Beyond the Gastrointestinal Tract: The Emerging and Diverse Tissue Tropisms of Astroviruses

Astroviruses are single stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses that have been historically associated with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract of vertebrates, including humans. However, there is now a multitude of evidence demonstrating the capacity of these viruses to cause extraintestinal diseases. The most striking causal relationship is neurological diseases in humans, cattle, pigs, and other mammals, caused by astrovirus infection. Astroviruses have also been associated with disseminated infections, localized disease of the liver or kidneys, and there is increasing evidence suggesting a potential tropism to the respiratory tract. This review will discuss the current understanding of the tissue tropisms for astroviruses and their emerging capacity to cause disease in multiple organ systems.
High Sensitivity Humidity Detection Based on Functional GO/MWCNTs Hybrid Nano-Materials Coated Titled Fiber Bragg Grating

A high performance humidity sensor using tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) and functional graphene oxide (GO)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) hybrid nano-materials was proposed. The humidity-sensitive material with three-dimensional (3D) structure was synthesized by the MWCNTs and GOs. Comparing with traditional two dimensional (2D) GOs film, water molecules could be absorbed effectively due to the larger ripples and more holes in GO/MWCNTs layers. The water molecule will fill the entire space in the 3D structure instead of air, which further enhances the absorption efficiency of the hybrid nanomaterial. TFBG as a compact and robust surrounding complex dielectric constant sensing platform was utilized. The mode coupling coefficient or the amplitude of TFBG cladding mode will vary sharply with the imaginary part of permittivity of the hybrid nanomaterial, realizing the high performance RH sensing. In the experiments, we successfully demonstrated that this 3D structural nanomaterial composed by the MWCNTs and GOs has significant advantages for expanding the range of humidity detection (range from 30% to 90%) and enhancing the detection sensitivity (0.377 dB/% RH is twice more than humidity sensor with 2D GO film). The TFBG-based RH sensor also exhibits good repeatability and stability. Our proposed humidity sensor has potential application in environmental and healthy monitoring fields.
Inherited Platelet Disorders: An Updated Overview

Platelets play a major role in hemostasis as ppwell as in many other physiological and pathological processes. Accordingly, production of about 1011 platelet per day as well as appropriate survival and functions are life essential events. Inherited platelet disorders (IPDs), affecting either platelet count or platelet functions, comprise a heterogenous group of about sixty rare diseases caused by molecular anomalies in many culprit genes. Their clinical relevance is highly variable according to the specific disease and even within the same type, ranging from almost negligible to life-threatening. Mucocutaneous bleeding diathesis (epistaxis, gum bleeding, purpura, menorrhagia), but also multisystemic disorders and/or malignancy comprise the clinical spectrum of IPDs. The early and accurate diagnosis of IPDs and a close patient medical follow-up is of great importance. A genotype–phenotype relationship in many IPDs makes a molecular diagnosis especially relevant to proper clinical management. Genetic diagnosis of IPDs has been greatly facilitated by the introduction of high throughput sequencing (HTS) techniques into mainstream investigation practice in these diseases. However, there are still unsolved ethical concerns on general genetic investigations. Patients should be informed and comprehend the potential implications of their genetic analysis. Unlike the progress in diagnosis, there have been no major advances in the clinical management of IPDs. Educational and preventive measures, few hemostatic drugs, platelet transfusions, thrombopoietin receptor agonists, and in life-threatening IPDs, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are therapeutic possibilities. Gene therapy may be a future option. Regular follow-up by a specialized hematology service with multidisciplinary support especially for syndromic IPDs is mandatory.
Non-Invasive Measurement of Thyroid Hormones in Domestic Rabbits

Simple Summary Thyroid hormones are essential for metabolism, energy homeostasis and reproduction. Hormones can be measured in various biological source materials: blood, urine, feces, saliva, hair, and others. The most common method for assessing hormone levels, including thyroid hormones, is a blood test, but this method has many limitations, especially in the diagnostic process of non-domestic animals. Non-invasive thyroid hormone measurement methods have been developed in the last decade. The aim of our study was to verify the usefulness of thyroid hormone analysis (total thyroxine, total triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine) in urine and feces of the domestic rabbit, comparing them with the serum. Results suggest that free triiodothyronine can be accurately and reliably measured in the feces and urine of the domestic rabbit. Abstract Thyroid hormones are essential for metabolism, energy homeostasis and reproduction. Hormones can be measured in various biological source materials: blood, feces, urine, saliva and others. The aim of our study was to verify usefulness of thyroid hormone analysis in the urine and feces of the domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus f. domesticus), comparing them with the serum analyses. Samples were collected from 27 does in the age of 12–14 weeks. Total thyroxine (tT4), total triiodothyronine (tT3), free thyroxine (fT4) and free triiodothyronine (fT3) were tested using the radioimmunological method in serum, feces and urine. The highest concentration of tT4 was found in feces (104.72 ± 59.52 nmol/mg) and the lowest in urine (3.03 ± 3.11 nmol/mL). The highest tT3 concentration was found in blood serum (3.19 ± 0.64 nmol/L) and the lowest in urine (0.31 ± 0.43 nmol/L). The highest concentration of fT4 was observed in feces (43.71 ± 4.79 pmol/mg) and the lowest in blood serum (14.97 ± 3.42 pmol/L). The statistically highest concentration of fT3 (28.56 ± 20.79 pmol/L) was found in urine, whereas the lowest concentration of this hormone was found in feces (3.27 ± 1.33 pmol/mg). There was a positive and statistically significant correlation between serum and urine fT3 (r = 0.76) and a high positive correlation between serum and feces fT3 concentration (r = 0.62). Correlations between concentrations of other thyroid hormones between serum, urine and feces were found to be insignificant. The results suggest that fT3 can be accurately and reliably measured in the feces and urine of the domestic rabbit.
Variants That Differentiate Wolf and Dog Populations Are Enriched in Regulatory Elements

Abstract Research on the genetics of domestication most often focuses on the protein-coding exons. However, exons cover only a minor part (1–2%) of the canine genome, whereas functional mutations may be located also in regions beyond the exome, in regulatory regions. Therefore, a large proportion of phenotypical differences between dogs and wolves may remain genetically unexplained. In this study, we identified variants that have high allelic frequency differences (i.e., highly differentiated variants) between wolves and dogs across the canine genome and investigated the potential functionality. We found that the enrichment of highly differentiated variants was substantially higher in promoters than in exons and that such variants were enriched also in enhancers. Several enriched pathways were identified including oxytocin signaling, carbohydrate digestion and absorption, cancer risk, and facial and body features, many of which reflect phenotypes of potential importance during domestication, including phenotypes of the domestication syndrome. The results highlight the importance of regulatory mutations during dog domestication and motivate the functional annotation of the noncoding part of the canine genome.