Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae 3‐methyladenine DNA glycosylase has homology to the AlkA glycosylase of E. coli and is induced in response to DNA alkylation damage.

We previously cloned a DNA fragment from Saccharomyces cerevisiae that suppressed the alkylation sensitivity of Escherichia coli glycosylase deficient mutants and we showed that it apparently contained a gene for 3‐methyl‐adenine DNA glycosylase (MAG). Here we establish the identity of the MAG gene by sequence analysis and describe its in vivo function and expression in yeast cells. The MAG DNA glycosylase specifically protects yeast cells against the killing effects of alkylating agents. It does not protect cells against mutation; indeed, it appears to generate mutations which presumably result from those apurinic sites produced by the glycosylase that escape further repair. The MAG gene, which we mapped to chromosome V, is not allelic with any of the RAD genes and appears to be allelic to the unmapped MMS‐5 gene. From its sequence the MAG glycosylase is predicted to contain 296 amino acids and have a molecular weight of 34,293 daltons. A 137 amino acid stretch of the MAG glycosylase displays 27.0% identity and 63.5% similarity with the E. coli AlkA glycosylase. Transcription of the MAG gene, like that of the E. coli alkA gene, is greatly increased when yeast cells are exposed to relatively non‐toxic levels of alkylating agents.
Functional Analysis of Maize RAD51 in Meiosis and Double-Strand Break Repair

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rad51p plays a central role in homologous recombination and the repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs). Double mutants of the two Zea mays L. (maize) rad51 homologs are viable and develop well under normal conditions, but are male sterile and have substantially reduced seed set. Light microscopic analyses of male meiosis in these plants reveal reduced homologous pairing, synapsis of nonhomologous chromosomes, reduced bivalents at diakinesis, numerous chromosome breaks at anaphase I, and that >33% of quartets carry cells that either lack an organized nucleolus or have two nucleoli. This indicates that RAD51 is required for efficient chromosome pairing and its absence results in nonhomologous pairing and synapsis. These phenotypes differ from those of an Arabidopsis rad51 mutant that exhibits completely disrupted chromosome pairing and synapsis during meiosis. Unexpectedly, surviving female gametes produced by maize rad51 double mutants are euploid and exhibit near-normal rates of meiotic crossovers. The finding that maize rad51 double mutant embryos are extremely susceptible to radiation-induced DSBs demonstrates a conserved role for RAD51 in the repair of mitotic DSBs in plants, vertebrates, and yeast.
Food Security Policies in Latin America

As a consequence of the 2006-08 food crisis, food security has become a mayor political concern in the LA region. The crisis has led to intense political discussions at both the regional and country levels, and has resulted in new policy responses that have attempted to protect vulnerable social sectors from the negative impacts of the crisis.
Effects of computerized physician order entry on prescribing practices.

BACKGROUND Computerized order entry systems have the potential to prevent errors, to improve quality of care, and to reduce costs by providing feedback and suggestions to the physician as each order is entered. This study assesses the impact of an inpatient computerized physician order entry system on prescribing practices. METHODS A time series analysis was performed at an urban academic medical center at which all adult inpatient orders are entered through a computerized system. When physicians enter drug orders, the computer displays drug use guidelines, offers relevant alternatives, and suggests appropriate doses and frequencies. RESULT For medication selection, use of a computerized guideline resulted in a change in use of the recommended drug (nizatidine) from 15.6% of all histamine(2)-blocker orders to 81.3% (P<.001). Implementation of dose selection menus resulted in a decrease in the SD of drug doses by 11% (P<.001). The proportion of doses that exceeded the recommended maximum decreased from 2.1% before order entry to 0.6% afterward (P<.001). Display of a recommended frequency for ondansetron hydrochloride administration resulted in an increase in the use of the approved frequency from 6% of all ondansetron orders to 75% (P<.001). The use of subcutaneous heparin sodium to prevent thrombosis in patients at bed rest increased from 24% to 47% when the computer suggested this option (P<.001). All these changes persisted at 1- and 2-year follow-up analyses. CONCLUSION Computerized physician order entry is a powerful and effective tool for improving physician prescribing practices.
Mental health policy in America: myths and realities.

Prologue: Before World War 11 the focus of America s efforts to treat its mentally ill citizens was on those individuals who suffered from the most severe and chronic problems. Since 1960 public policy has emphasized creation of a decentralized system of services. In the process, the target population became diffuse, and services were no longer focused on the most severely ill people. In this review Gerald Grob, Henry E. Sigerist Professor of the History of Medicine at Rutgers University, discusses this important policy shift and its consequences. Grob, who holds a doctorate in American history from Northwestern University, has devoted most of his career to an examination of the way America treats its mentally ill citizens. He was attracted to this subject thirty-two years ago while teaching at Clark University in Worcester, Massachusetts, where one of the state s mental hospitals was located. Grob learned that the hospital had maintained the case histories of every patient admitted to the institution sin.
The Contribution of HRM Practices to Firm Innovativeness: a Structured Literature Review

In order to keep up with increasing competition, companies have to express innovative capability. Since people are among a company’s valuable resources, HRM can make a serious contribution in achieving innovativeness. This research addresses the effect of HRM practices on firm innovativeness. By means of a structured literature review we try to find and explore all effects that HRM practices have on different forms of innovativeness and categorize these effects on the basis of the research of Laursen and Foss (2003). A total of 47 publications have been thoroughly analyzed on different HRM practices and their effects on product, process and firm innovativeness. From all HRM practices studied, training and performance-related pay contribute the most on firm innovativeness. Besides the HRM practices described by Laursen and Foss (2003), we found two other practices influencing firm innovativeness. Recruitment has a positive effect on firm innovativeness and can therefore be considered as an important practice in a HRM policy fostering innovativeness. We also found type of contract as an important factor in the HRM and firm innovativeness link; consulting/contracting firms indicated a positive influence on firm innovativeness, short-term hires showed a negative impact on firm innovativeness.
Shortest path analysis using partial correlations for classifying gene functions from gene expression data

MOTIVATION Gaussian graphical models (GGMs) are a popular tool for representing gene association structures. We propose using estimated partial correlations from these models to attach lengths to the edges of the GGM, where the length of an edge is inversely related to the partial correlation between the gene pair. Graphical lasso is used to fit the GGMs and obtain partial correlations. The shortest paths between pairs of genes are found. Where terminal genes have the same biological function intermediate genes on the path are classified as having the same function. We validate the method using genes of known function using the Rosetta Compendium of yeast (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae) gene expression profiles. We also compare our results with those obtained using a graph constructed using correlations. RESULTS Using a partial correlation graph, we are able to classify approximately twice as many genes to the same level of accuracy as when using a correlation graph. More importantly when both methods are tuned to classify a similar number of genes, the partial correlation approach can increase the accuracy of the classifications.
The application of an improved wavelet threshold denoising method in heart sound signal

To reduce the noise in the heart sound signal, an improved wavelet threshold denoising method is proposed in this paper. The method is based on wavelet threshold denoising method proposed by Donoho. The auther analyzes advantages and disadvantages of two traditional threshold function, and propose a new method in order to improve their disadvantages. The new method not only improve the discontinuity of hard wavelet threshold denoising method but also reduce constant bias of soft wavelet threshold denoising method. The simulation shows that the SNR and MSE of the heart sound signal denoised by the improved method is superior to by the hard and soft wavelet threshold denoising method.
Street Vendors: Exploitation by the State

Street vendors are those millions of people who come to cities as economic refugees hoping to provide basic necessities for their families.They are the main distribution channels for a large variety of products of daily consumption such as fruits and vegetables amongst many. Sometimes their prices on the incredible variety of products are far lower than those prevailing in the established markets. This paper is about the sad state of the vendors who have not been allowed to resume their trade for weeks or months citing space crunch in public places because of them. [Working Paper No. 17]
Artificial neural network based expert system for loan application evaluation: Case of Kenya commercial bank

A number of manual loan application evaluation models that use traditional judgmental methods have been used and continue to be used by commercial banks in Kenya. This often leads to more time taken to process loan applications and inconsistency in decision making by bank officials due to a variation of information provided by different customers. Some customers who are dissatisfied by this mode of processing loan applications subsequently moving to other bank. This poses a potential loss of a customer to a competitor commercial bank. The aim of this study is to analyze the current loan evaluation system at KCB with a view to design and develop an ANN architecture-based Expert system for evaluating loans at the bank. The objectives of the study are: to find out the types of loans KCB offers to its clients; to examine the current systems used by KCB to evaluate loan applications; to determine the challenges faced when evaluating loan applications; to recommend suitable systems for improving the evaluation of loan applications; to design and develop a system that will improve evaluation of loan applications process. This study is based on the game theory, expert system theory and the neural network architecture. In game theory a business is considered as a game where the players either lose or win. Data was collected from information rich sources at KCB. The expert system was developed based on ANN architecture and modelled using the evolutionary development model. The neural network system was built using the back propagation algorithm. The developed expert system helps to fairly and uniformly evaluate loan applications efficiently and is considered an improvement to current loan evaluation processing. This system is recommended for use in Kenya Commercial Bank.
U.S. Foreign-Exchange-Market Intervention During the Volcker-Greenspan Era

The Federal Reserve abandoned foreign-exchange-market intervention because it conflicted with the System's commitment to price stability. By the early 1980s, economists generally concluded that, absent a portfolio-balance channel, sterilized foreign-exchange-market intervention did not provide central banks with a mechanism for systematically influencing exchange rates independent of their monetary policies. If intervention were to have anything other than a fleeting, hit-or-miss, effect on exchange rates, monetary policy had to support it. Exchange rates, however, often responded to U.S. monetary-policy initiatives, so intervention to offset or reverse those exchange-rate responses can seem a contrary policy move and can create uncertainty about the strength of the System's commitment to price stability. That the U.S. Treasury maintained primary responsibility for foreign-exchange intervention only compounded this uncertainty. In addition, many FOMC participants feared that swap drawings and warehousing could contravene the Congressional appropriations process and, therefore, potentially pose a threat to System independence, a necessary condition for monetary-policy credibility.
Introduction to the Special Section: Consumption, Influence, and Participation of Web Users

Introduction to the Special Section: Consumption, Influence, and Participation of Web Users James Y. L. Thong & Felix B. Tan To cite this article: James Y. L. Thong & Felix B. Tan (2009) Introduction to the Special Section: Consumption, Influence, and Participation of Web Users, International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 13:4, 5-8 To link to this article: http://dx.doi. org/10.2753/JEC1086-4415130401
“New Conservation” as a Moral Imperative

A recent critique of “new conservation” (Soule 2013) confounds distinct arguments that support a shift away from conventional approaches to conservation. In doing so, it risks misrepresenting what many conservation professionals believe is a moral imperative. Contrary to Soule’s assertions, many new conservationists do not assume that economic growth is the key to conservation or that protected areas have no place in conservation. Rather, we recognize the hypocrisy inherent in many conventional conservation initiatives. Top–down conservation frequently places severe limits on the livelihoods of local people—who are often poor and reliant on local resources—while leaving those with the power to propose conservation actions free to pursue ecologically unsustainable lifestyles. Despite much discussion of ecological footprints and global teleconnections (e.g., DeFries et al. 2010; Ewing et al. 2010; Meyfroidt et al. 2010), more often than not we overlook our own carbon emissions and indirect contributions to far-off ecosystem degradation. In doing so, we escape the trade-offs that can make conservation a burden at local scales (e.g., Sunderland et al. 2008; McShane et al. 2011). Until we place proportional limits on our own ways of living, many conservationists feel the only morally defensible approach to biodiversity conservation is one that recognizes the right of local people to self-determination and that works within this context to conserve biodiversity (Sarkar & Montoya 2011). Many of the world’s most biodiverse areas are “community lands” (Hajjar & Van Alstine 2013) that have been managed for centuries by resident peoples (often indigenous, though not always; Sarkar & Montoya 2011). Historically, these people have often been ignored or included only symbolically in conservation planning, resulting in community–conservation conflicts and human rights violations in the name of conservation (Brockington & Igoe 2006; Adams & Hutton 2007; Dowie 2009).
Value of day 100 screening studies for predicting the development of chronic graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

We prospectively evaluated 169 patients with a number of screening studies performed between 71 to 121 days after allogeneic marrow transplantation to detect the development of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Group 1 patients (n = 78) were asymptomatic and had normal physical examinations at the time of screening and, with a minimum of 8 years follow-up, have not developed chronic GVHD. Group 2 patients (n = 38) had signs and symptoms of chronic GVHD at time of testing. Group 3 patients (n = 53) were similar to those in group 1 in having no clinically evident GVHD at the time of testing, but later developed clinical chronic GVHD. Using time to an event analysis, we compared patients in groups 1 and 3 to determine which of 17 clinical and laboratory factors evaluated at screening accurately predicted the development of subsequent chronic GVHD. Multivariate analyses showed several factors to have independent predictive value. In the first model, results of oral biopsies were excluded since these were done only in one half of the patients. Predictive factors in this analysis included: (1) histologic findings of GVHD on skin biopsy, relative risk 3.23 (95% confidence interval 1.75 to 5.94), P = . 0002; and (2) history of grade II through IV acute GVHD, relative risk 3.12 (95% confidence interval 1.72 to 5.64), P = . 0002. When oral biopsy results were included in the second model, independent risk factors included: (1) histologic findings of GVHD on skin biopsy, relative risk 5.96 (95% confidence interval 1.95 to 18.19), P = . 0017; and (2) low numbers of immunoglobulin A (IgA)-bearing plasma cells detected by direct immunofluorescence in salivary gland areas on oral biopsy, relative risk 11.53 (95% confidence interval 2.51 to 52.03), P = . 0017. Our study demonstrates the value of day 100 screening studies for predicting subsequent development of clinical chronic GVHD.
Sensitization to common indoor allergens and its association with allergic diseases in Thai female high‐school students

Allergic sensitization is generally agreed to be an important risk factor for allergic diseases. It has been demonstrated in most of the children attending allergy clinics in Thailand but has never been studied in Thai general populations. The objectives were (i) to describe the prevalence of sensitization to common indoor allergens in Thai female‐high‐school students and (ii) to evaluate the association of allergic sensitization to allergic diseases in these students. cross‐sectional analytic study was designed. Seven hundred and six schoolgirls were enrolled during May–June 2002. Written ISAAC questionnaires were completed by the students and skin prick tests were performed in 344 (48.7%) students with a battery of seven common allergens including Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, American cockroach, Cat, Cladosporium, Penicillium, and Aspergillus. Positive test was defined as a mean wheal diameter of at least 3 mm at the 15 min reading. The adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained from multiple regression analysis for the independent effect of sensitization to each allergen on allergic diseases. A total of 154 (44.8%) students had evidence of allergic sensitization on skin prick tests. The prevalence rates of sensitization to various groups of allergens were as follows; mites 43.0%, cockroach 12.8%, cat 4.1%, and molds 1.2%. The independent effect of allergic sensitization on allergic diseases was observed only in mite sensitization on nose problem (OR = 1.73, CI = 1.07–2.78 for nose problem ever and OR = 1.85, CI = 1.13–3.02 for nose problem in 12 months). The risk of nose problem was also increased with the number of positive reactons. Conclusion: We found that sensitization to the four common allergen groups were weakly associated with the presence of allergic diseases in Thai schoolgirls. This confirms the observation that the development of allergic diseases is not solely attributable to allergic sensitization.
Macro Trading and Investment Strategies: Macroeconomic Arbitrage in Global Markets

Introducton: From Subjective Macroeconomic Views to Objective Macroeconomic Mispricings in Global Markets. Macro Trading and Investment Strategies. Directional Marco Trading and Investment. Long/Short Marco Trading Investment. Macroeconomic Arbitrage in Global Markets: A New Marco Strategy. Comparison Between Macroeconomic Arbitrage, Directional Macro, and Long/Short Macro Strategies. Macroeconomic Arbitrage Based on Retail Sales Mispricings in Markets. Causes of Macroeconomic Mispricings in Markets and Tackling Secondary Macroeconomic Variables in Trades. The Importance to Technical Timing in Macro Arbitrage. The Relation Between Macro and Micro Fundamentals in Macro Arbitrage. Volatility of Macro Arbitrage Strategies versus Relative Value Strategies. Macro Arbitrage Is Uncorrelated to Directional and Relative Value Strategies. Macro Arbitrage Trading and Investment Based on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Mispricings in Global Markets. Macro Arbitrage Based on Interest Rates Mispricing in Global Markets. Macro Arbitrage of Consumer Expenditure Mispricings in Global Markets. Macro Arbitrage of Manufacturing Shipments Mispricings in Global Markets. Mispricings of Asian Crisis Effects on Global Markets: When Macro Events Trigger Subliminal Market Relations. Macro Arbitrage of EMU Convergence Mispricings in Equity Markets. Macro Mispricings of Currencies (Exchange Rates) in Stock Markets. Long/Short Macro Spreads and Macro Arbitrage Opportunities within the New EMU Euro Stock Markets. Macro Arbitrage of Industrial Production Mispricings in Equity Markets. Epilogue: Global Financial Crisis Domino Effect Corrects Macro Mispricings. Index.
Algorithm for construction of portfolio of stocks using Treynor’s ratio

The aim of the paper is to implement the algorithm for selecting stocks from a pool of stocks listed in a single market index like S&P CNX 500(say) and finding the corresponding weights of the stocks in the optimized portfolio using Treynor’s ratio, on the basis of historical data of Indian stock market when the short selling is not allowed. The effectiveness of this algorithm has been demonstrated with an example.
The Computational Content of Classical Arithmetic to Appear in a Festschrift for Grigori Mints

Almost from the inception of Hilbert’s program, foundational and structural efforts in proof theory have been directed towards the goal of clarifying the computational content of modern mathematical methods. This essay surveys various methods of extracting computational information from proofs in classical first-order arithmetic, and reflects on some of the relationships between them. Variants of the Godel-Gentzen doublenegation translation, some not so well known, serve to provide canonical and efficient computational interpretations of that theory.