Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of camera-trap sampling design on mammal species capture rates and community structures in southeastern Brazil

The distribution of species and population attributes are critical data for biodiversity conservation. As a tool for obtaining such data, camera traps have become increasingly common throughout the world. However, there are disagreements on how camera-trap records should be used due to imperfect species detectability and limitations regarding the use of capture rates as surrogates for abundance. We evaluated variations in the capture rates and community structures of mammals in camera-trap surveys using four different sampling designs. The camera traps were installed on internal roads (in the first and fourth years of the study), at 100-200 m from roads (internal edges; second year) and at 500 m from the nearest internal road (forest interior; third year). The mammal communities sampled in the internal edges and forest interior were similar to each other but differed significantly from those sampled on the roads. Furthermore, for most species, the number of records and the capture success varied widely among the four sampling designs. A further experiment showed that camera traps placed on the same tree trunk but facing in opposing directions also recorded few species in common. Our results demonstrated that presence or non-detection and capture rates vary among the different sampling designs. These differences resulted mostly from the habitat use and behavioral attributes of species in association with differences in sampling surveys, which resulted in differential detectability. We also recorded variations in the distribution of records per sampling point and at the same spot, evidencing the stochasticity associated with the camera-trap location and orientation. These findings reinforce that for species whose specimens cannot be individually identified, the capture rates should be best used as inputs for presence and detection analyses and for behavior inferences (regarding the preferential use of habitats and activity patterns, for example). Comparisons between capture rates or among relative abundance indices, even for the same species, should be made cautiously.
Using Duality Theory to Reframe E-Government Challenges

The design of information and communication systems for e-government is burdened with a host of conflicting objectives. For example, systems should be standardized and stable, but at the same time they should also be flexible and responsive to the needs of various stakeholder groups. When systems are designed properly, ICT (information and communication technologies) features can help resolve some of the tensions created by conflicting objectives. This chapter uses duality theory as a basis for a new framework that demonstrates how many of the tensions found at various stages of e-government (development, implementation, and adoption) can be reframed as dualities. When e-government systems are designed for duality, ICT mitigates many of the barriers and obstacles and increases the system’s effectiveness and acceptance by the citizenry.
The Self of the Counselor: Exploring Adult Attachment Styles in Counselors-in-Training

Adult Attachment is a complex, rich theory describing human relationships and significantly affects various aspects of the counseling relationship. However, many counselors may not be aware of their attachment style, nor how this pattern of relating shapes their counseling practice. Critical incidents are events in which a counselor-in-training (CIT) experiences significant professional or personal growth as a result of a structured or random activity in their program of study. The purpose of this particular study was to explore how purposefully introducing adult attachment style to CITs affected their perception and interpretation of past relationship interactions in attachment terms and how the process of learning about attachment style affected personal and professional growth. The results revealed that creating awareness of adult attachment styles for CITs enhanced understanding of their personal and professional relationships and contributed to their personal and professional growth in a manner consistent with a critical incident.
Patterns of predictability in hydrological threshold systems

Observations of hydrological response often exhibit considerable scatter that is difficult to interpret. In this paper, we examine runoff production of 53 sprinkling experiments on the water‐repellent soils in the southern Alps of Switzerland; simulated plot scale tracer transport in the macroporous soils at the Weiherbach site, Germany; and runoff generation data from the 2.3‐km2 Tannhausen catchment, Germany, that has cracking soils. The response at the three sites is highly dependent on the initial soil moisture state as a result of the threshold dynamics of the systems. A simple statistical model of threshold behavior is proposed to help interpret the scatter in the observations. Specifically, the model portrays how the inherent macrostate uncertainty of initial soil moisture translates into the scatter of the observed system response. The statistical model is then used to explore the asymptotic pattern of predictability when increasing the number of observations, which is normally not possible in a field study. Although the physical and chemical mechanisms of the processes at the three sites are different, the predictability patterns are remarkably similar. Predictability is smallest when the system state is close to the threshold and increases as the system state moves away from it. There is inherent uncertainty in the response data that is not measurement error but is related to the observability of the initial conditions.
Two-Dimensional Rubble-Mound Breakwater Model Using Tetrapod at Armor Layer And Geotube at Core Layer

Waves and currents can remove sand from the coastal areas that caused beach erosion. Beach erosion needs to be handled by building breakwater. Rubble mound breakwater is chosen to dissipate the wave energy. Rubble mound structures are widely used throughout the world; so naturally, stability tests of rubble mound structures are the most frequently conducted coastal structure model. Two-dimensional rubble mound structure physical model is carried out in a flume. The armor layer facing the seaward uses tetrapods that are placed randomly and the core layer is set to be stable by using geotube. Three different slopes of rubble mound model facing the seaward is applied, i.e., 1:1.5, 1:2, and 1:2.5, respectively. There are also four different water levels used, i.e., 38 cm, 54 cm, 63 cm, and 70 cm. The measured parameters of this study are the wave height and wave period in front of and behind the breakwater structure. The analysis that can be done is the wave absorber and transmission waves. The stability of the structure can be observed in the form of displacement armor testing on the breakwater and at toe for a wide variety of slope and water level variations.
Spanish Measurement of Adult Attachment: Reliability and Validity of the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale in a Hispanic American Sample

Measures of adult attachment developed in English have been translated and validated in multiple Spanish-speaking countries, yet to this date no self-report adult attachment instrument has been systematically examined for validation with Latinos/Hispanic Americans. The present study examined psychometric properties of a Spanish version of a widely used adult attachment scale, the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale (ECRS), with a bilingual college student sample. Following the dual-language split half (DLSH) quantitative method of evaluating semantic equivalence, 209 bilingual, Latinos/Hispanic American college students recruited from a large public university completed a DLSH version of the ECRS (half English, half Spanish). Internal consistency reliability and DLSH reliability were within acceptable limits, although significantly smaller than coefficients of the English ECRS completed by a large Caucasian sample (n = 459); 3- to 8-week test-retest reliability was also adequate. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a two-factor solution with 35 items accounting for 40% of the variance, which was similar to the English ECRS. Convergent validity was supported by findings that showed significant associations of attachment dimensions with social self-efficacy, self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and comfort with self-disclosure, but not interpersonal trust. Evidence for discriminant validity was found in that attachment dimensions were not significantly associated with social desirability. Theoretical implications, limitations, and future directions of the study will be discussed based on adult attachment theory and cross-cultural perspectives.
Bone marrow stem cells adapt to low-magnitude vibrations by altering their cytoskeleton during quiescence and osteogenesis

Application of mechanical vibrations is anabolic to bone tissue, not only by guiding mature bone cells to increased formation, but also by increasing the osteogenic commitment of progenitor cells. However, the sensitivity and adaptive response of bone marrow stem cells to this loading regimen has not yet been identified. In this study, we subjected mouse bone marrow stem cell line D1-ORL-UVA to daily mechanical vibrations (0.15 g, 90 Hz, 15 min/day) for 7 days, both during quiescence and osteogenic commitment, to identify corresponding ultrastructural adaptations on cellular and molecular levels. During quiescence, mechanical vibrations significantly increased total actin content and actin fiber thickness, as measured by phalloidin staining and fluorescent microscopy. Cellular height also increased, as measured by atomic force microscopy, along with the expression of focal adhesion kinase (PTK2) mRNA levels. During osteogenesis, mechanical vibrations increased the total actin content, actin fiber thickness, and cytoplasmic membrane roughness, with significant increase in Runx2 mRNA levels. These results show that bone marrow stem cells demonstrate similar cytoskeletal adaptations to low-magnitude high-frequency mechanical loads both during quiescence and osteogenesis, potentially becoming more sensitive to additional loads by increased structural stiffness.
Long-term subduction-erosion along the Guatemalan margin of the Middle America Trench

A new analysis of Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Leg 84 data demonstrates that the dominant process controlling the Guatemala margin tectonic evolution since ca. 25 Ma is subduction-erosion. Data from benthic foraminifera, assemblages from upper-slope DSDP Sites 568, 569, and 570 indicate long-term, progressive subsidence from upper to middle bathyal depths (600–1000 m) ca. 19 Ma to modern abyssal depths (>2000 m). Rapid subsidence migrated landward starting at the Oligocene-Miocene boundary time under the current middle slope, where it increased sharply ca. 19 Ma, reached the current upper slope by ca. 15 Ma, and arrived at the uppermost slope ca. 2 Ma. Subsidence indicates crustal thinning by basal tectonic erosion of mass from the underside of the upper plate. Under the assumption that, in the Miocene, the morphology of the forearc was similar to that of today, landward migration of the trench was at a rate of 0.8–0.9 km/m.y. This linear rate corresponds to a tectonic erosion rate of the submerged forearc of 11.3–13.1 km3·m.y. −1·km−1. The evolution of arc magmatism and superfast spreading at the East Pacific Rise since early Miocene time may have caused slab shallowing and tectonic erosion that readjusted the forearc geometry.
FPGA Implementation of Real-Time Compressive Sensing with Partial Fourier Dictionary

This paper presents a novel real-time compressive sensing (CS) reconstruction which employs high density field-programmable gate array (FPGA) for hardware acceleration. Traditionally, CS can be implemented using a high-level computer language in a personal computer (PC) or multicore platforms, such as graphics processing units (GPUs) and Digital Signal Processors (DSPs). However, reconstruction algorithms are computing demanding and software implementation of these algorithms is extremely slow and power consuming. In this paper, the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm is refined to solve the sparse decomposition optimization for partial Fourier dictionary, which is always adopted in radar imaging and detection application. OMP reconstruction can be divided into two main stages: optimization which finds the closely correlated vectors and least square problem. For large scale dictionary, the implementation of correlation is time consuming since it often requires a large number of matrix multiplications. Also solving the least square problem always needs a scalable matrix decomposition operation. To solve these problems efficiently, the correlation optimization is implemented by fast Fourier transform (FFT) and the large scale least square problem is implemented by Conjugate Gradient (CG) technique, respectively. The proposed method is verified by FPGA (Xilinx Virtex-7 XC7VX690T) realization, revealing its effectiveness in real-time applications.
DISFLUENCY SURFACE MARKERS AND COGNITIVE PROCESSING; THE CASE OF SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETING

This paper is focused on a measurement (“Inter syllabic Interval”: ISI) intended to improve the study of the chunking process in subjects performing a task of simultaneous interpreting (“SI”). ISI is introduced on the basis of a discussion of the main methodological trends in the field of SI experimental study. An exploratory experiment is carried out on a prototypical sample of 4 subjects, performing SI under several conditions (noise disturbance, speech rate disturbance, variations in the subjects’ languageand task expertise). Results confirm the validity of ISI and suggest its interest for future research on spontaneous speech in various contexts.
A Broadband Half-Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide Quadrature Wilkinson Power Divider Using Composite Right/Left-Handed Transmission Line

In this work, a broadband composite right/left-handed (CRLH) half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) quadrature Wilkinson power divider is proposed. The proposed CRLH-HMSIW quadrature power divider includes a microstrip Wilkinson power divider on the transition structure between the microstrip and HMSIW, and two thru transmission lines for the HMSIW and the CRLHHMSIW. The measured amplitude, phase difference and isolation between the two output ports of the proposed structure have 1 dB, ±5° and less than -15 dB in a wide frequency range of 4.1–6.68 GHz with 47.9% bandwidth, respectively.
Service Quality and Customer Loyalty in Software Companies of Iran: A Canonical Correlation Analysis

This study was an attempt to investigate the relationship between service quality and customer loyalty in the software companies in Iran by using CCA. For this investigation, first available literature as well as relationships between service quality and customer loyalty were reviewed. Then data was gathered from the customers of six large software companies in Iran, subsequently, analyzed output by utilizing CCA. The research method used for this article was descriptive-correlation. According to research findings, the service quality is strongly related to the customer loyalty and all dimensions in both sets have a high canonical cross loading in creating a canonical variable in their dimensions. In fact, this study tries to increase the insight of managers about the effects of service quality on customer loyalty in order to improve their performance.
A Review on Various Plantar Pressure Measurement Systems

Foot plantar pressure is the study of pressure fields acting between the plantar surface of the foot and a supporting surface during everyday locomotion. Such plantar pressure information has proven to be useful in the diagnosis and management of pressure related foot problems, sport mechanics, footwear design, injury prevention and other applications. This paper reviews various foot plantar pressure measurement systems used for different applications. New innovative applications are human identification, biometric, monitoring posture allocation and rehabilitation support system. Gait analysis researchers are focusing on designing systems for uninterrupted measurement of real lif which is important in understanding the effect of daily activities on health. The ideal system to achieve this would be mobile, un-tethered, placed in the shoe sole and able to measure plantar pressure effectively in the targeted environment.
Asymmetric Volatility Modeling of Spot Prices of Arabic Coffee in Brazil

This paper examines the volatility of daily returns of spot prices of Arabica Coffee through conditional variance models, also called heteroskedasticity models. The data used in the analysis refers to the January 3, 2000 to June 15, 2012 period. The empirical results show reactions of persistency and asymmetry in the variance of their returns, in other words, both good and bad news differently impacts on the volatility of returns according to the EGARCH (1.1) and TARCH (1.1) models. However, from the standpoint of performing predictions, the model that best adapted heteroskedasticity data was EGARCH (1.1) with t - Student's distribution. The coffee market presents strong evidence of such result, since the supply shock yields increases in price levels of the commodity. The empirical results suggest the need of proper strategic instruments of hedging in view of the accentuated shock persistency in Arabic Coffee price volatility returns.
OPTIMIZATION OF COCONUT OIL BASED SELF MICRO EMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS OF OLMESARTAN MEDOXOMIL BY SIMPLEX CENTROID DESIGN

Objective: To develop and optimize self-micro emulsifying drug delivery systems of Olmesartan Medoxomil using formulation by design approach for improvement of solubility and dissolution rate. Methods: A simplex centroid design was employed as statistical tools to optimize the formulation variables, X 1 (Coconut oil), X 2 (Kolliphor RH) and X 3 (PEG 400). The high and low levels of these factors were selected according the micro-emulsion region obtained from the pseudo-ternary phase diagram. The response variables studied were mean globule size (Y 1 ) and average absorbance (Y 2 ). Results: The optimized formulation consisted of 21.54% of coconut oil, 36.04% of Kolliphor RH and 42.42% of PEG 400 which could provide a globule size of 125.94 nm and an average absorbance of 0.85. Dissolution studies revealed a marked increase in dissolution of the optimized formulation when compared with the pure drug. Conclusion: Thus, it was concluded that self-micro emulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) provided a promising formulation approach for the solubility and dissolution enhancement of the poorly soluble drug, Olmesartan Medoxomil.
Counter-Examples in Linguistics (Science): The Case of Circassian as a Split Anaphor Language

Linguists often resist data that undermines the dominant paradigm to which they adhere. This paper examines split anaphors in Circassian, a language of the Caucasus, as a case study of such rejection. A typology of counterexamples is devised and contrastively applied to physics and to linguistics, with etTortsmade to cite examples from each field. The split anaphor case is presented as an error in prediction and hence as a refutation of the Government and Binding paradigm. Its treatment is contrasted with that of the orbit of Mercury, a comparable error in prediction of Newtonian mechanics. A symmetry-breaking approach is taken to the problem of split anaphor (in which reflexivesare ergative while reciprocals are anti-ergative). A new explanation for ergativity is offered. This explanation predicts that only ergative languages with a particular rule coupling will exhibit split ergativity
Subgrid-scale backscatter in turbulent and transitional flows

Most subgrid‐scale (SGS) models for large‐eddy simulations (LES) are absolutely dissipative (that is, they remove energy from the large scales at each point in the physical space). The actual SGS stresses, however, may transfer energy to the large scales (backscatter) at a given location. Recent work on the LES of transitional flows [Piomelli et al., Phys. Fluids A 2, 257 (1990)] has shown that failure to account for this phenomenon can cause inaccurate prediction of the growth of the perturbations. Direct numerical simulations of transitional and turbulent channel flow and compressible isotropic turbulence are used to study the backscatter phenomenon. In all flows considered roughly 50% of the grid points were experiencing backscatter when a Fourier cutoff filter was used. The backscatter fraction was less with a Gaussian filter, and intermediate with a box filter in physical space. Moreover, the backscatter and forward scatter contributions to the SGS dissipation were comparable, and each was often much.
Learning a Sport through Video Gaming: A Mixed-Methods Experimental Study

This study examined the impact of playing a sport video game on learning the sport as well as how the game may influence future intentions of watching or playing the sport. Utilizing American university students with little prior knowledge of cricket, this study employed a mixed-methods pre/post intervention design with randomized experimental (EG; n = 43) and control (CG; n = 46) groups. Results indicated that cricket knowledge significantly increased for the EG pre-test to post-test (p < .05, n^2 = 0.19; particularly regarding cricket rules, terminology, player positions, and field layout), while the CG did not significantly differ. A significant difference was also found between the EG and CG for interest in playing cricket (p < .05, n^2 = 0.9). Qualitative findings supported that video gaming motivated intentions to watch and play cricket. Sport video games can facilitate increased sport knowledge, sport appreciation, and intentions for future physical activity.
Task Group 7 B : Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Biological Aging : The Roles of Nature , Nurture and Chance in the Maintenance of Human Healthspan TASK GROUP

TASK GROUP DESCRIPTION Background The degree to which an individual organism maintains healthspan and lifespan is a function of complex interactions between genetic inheritance (“nature”), environment, including cultural inheritance (nurture) and stochastic events (“luck” or “chance”). This task group will focus upon the role of chance because it is so poorly understood and because it appears to be of major importance in the determination of individual variations in healthspan and lifespan within species. The major factor determining variations in healthspan and lifespan between species is genetic inheritance. Broader aspects of cellular and molecular mechanisms of biological aging will also be considered, given their importance for understanding the cellular and molecular basis of successful aging. The task force will consider the cellular and molecular basis for nature, nurture and chance in healthspan and life span determination.