Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differences between state entropy and bispectral index during analysis of identical electroencephalogram signals: A comparison with two randomised anaesthetic techniques

BACKGROUND It is claimed that bispectral index (BIS) and state entropy reflect an identical clinical spectrum, the hypnotic component of anaesthesia. So far, it is not known to what extent different devices display similar index values while processing identical electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. OBJECTIVE To compare BIS and state entropy during analysis of identical EEG data. Inspection of raw EEG input to detect potential causes of erroneous index calculation. DESIGN Offline re-analysis of EEG data from a randomised, single-centre controlled trial using the Entropy Module and an Aspect A-2000 monitor. SETTING Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich. PATIENTS Forty adult patients undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia. INTERVENTIONS Blocked randomisation of 20 patients per anaesthetic group (sevoflurane/remifentanil or propofol/remifentanil). Isolated forearm technique for differentiation between consciousness and unconsciousness. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prediction probability (PK) of state entropy to discriminate consciousness from unconsciousness. Correlation and agreement between state entropy and BIS from deep to light hypnosis. Analysis of raw EEG compared with index values that are in conflict with clinical examination, with frequency measures (frequency bands/Spectral Edge Frequency 95) and visual inspection for physiological EEG patterns (e.g. beta or delta arousal), pathophysiological features such as high-frequency signals (electromyogram/high-frequency EEG or eye fluttering/saccades), different types of electro-oculogram or epileptiform EEG and technical artefacts. RESULTS PK of state entropy was 0.80 and of BIS 0.84; correlation coefficient of state entropy with BIS 0.78. Nine percent BIS and 14% state entropy values disagreed with clinical examination. Highest incidence of disagreement occurred after state transitions, in particular for state entropy after loss of consciousness during sevoflurane anaesthesia. EEG sequences which led to false ‘conscious’ index values often showed high-frequency signals and eye blinks. High-frequency EEG/electromyogram signals were pooled because a separation into EEG and fast electro-oculogram, for example eye fluttering or saccades, on the basis of a single EEG channel may not be very reliable. These signals led to higher Spectral Edge Frequency 95 and ratio of relative beta and gamma band power than EEG signals, indicating adequate unconscious classification. The frequency of other artefacts that were assignable, for example technical artefacts, movement artefacts, was negligible and they were excluded from analysis. CONCLUSION High-frequency signals and eye blinks may account for index values that falsely indicate consciousness. Compared with BIS, state entropy showed more false classifications of the clinical state at transition between consciousness and unconsciousness.
Biochemical Characterization of the THIN-B Metallo-β-Lactamase of Janthinobacterium lividum

ABSTRACT The THIN-B metallo-β-lactamase, a subclass B3 enzyme produced by the environmental species Janthinobacterium lividum, was overproduced in Escherichia coli by means of a T7-based expression system. The enzyme was purified (>95%) by two ion-exchange chromatography steps and subjected to biochemical analysis. The native THIN-B enzyme is a monomeric protein of 31 kDa. It exhibits the highest catalytic efficiencies with carbapenem substrates and cephalosporins, except for cephaloridine, which acts as a poor inactivator. Individual rate constants for inactivation by chelators were measured, suggesting that inactivation occurred by a mechanism involving formation of a ternary complex.
Design of Peptidomimetics for Inhibition of HER2 Receptor Dimerization by a Combination of Virtual Screening, MD Simulations, and QSAR In Silico Methods

Malfunction or overexpression of ErbB receptors (epidermal growth factor receptors) is associated with occurrence and severity of several types of cancer. Initiation of signal cascades by ErbB2 (also known as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/neu) in breast cancer has been blocked by monoclonal antibodies such as Trastuzumab (Herceptin), which interact with the extracellular domain of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Due to some disadvantages of monoclonal antibodies, a new approach in blocking human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 dimerization and activation is designing peptidomimetic ligands based on human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐Trastuzumab interaction model. Growth of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2+ SK‐BR3 cells could be specifically inhibited by peptidomimetic herceptin‐based peptidomimetic 5. In this study, herceptin‐based peptidomimetic 5 was used as a benchmark peptidomimetic compound to perform a ligand‐based virtual screening followed by structure‐based screening by applying the molecular docking approach. The study aimed to explore more potent peptidomimetic molecules against extracellular part of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Our results showed that the newly designed peptidomimetic herceptin‐based peptidomimetic n33B in comparison with herceptin‐based peptidomimetic 5 binds more tightly to the extracellular domain of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Mechanistic aspects of herceptin‐based peptidomimetic n33B interaction with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 were more investigated through 20‐ns molecular dynamic simulations. Additionally, a quantitative structure–activity relationships study was performed to develop a model for identification of structural determinants in herceptin‐based peptidomimetic 5‐based peptidomimetics.
Qué genera el boca a oreja en el contexto del comercio minorista

Las tiendas minoristas y los centros comerciales llevan tiempo poniendo mas enfasis en potenciar el boca a oreja positivo a traves de clientes y lideres de opinion. El boca a oreja se considera una de las fuentes de comunicacion mas poderosas ya que proviene de fuentes personales y dignas de confianza. Proponemos aqui que el boca a oreja se impulsa tanto a traves de evaluaciones de centro comercial como a traves de la experiencia hedonica que tienen los clientes. Los impulsores de esta ultima son el comportamiento de los empleados, el ambiente y la auto identificacion con otros compradores. Ponemos a prueba esta hipotesis en el contexto de un centro comercial donde se encuestan 861 clientes y encontramos confirmacion de nuestro modelo. De aqui se derivan tambien algunas implicaciones para la investigacion tanto teoricas como para la gestion.
Finite Element Study of En masse Retraction of Maxillary Anterior Teeth in Two Typical Force Directions

101 The Chinese Journal of Dental Research With the extensive application of straight wire appliances, en masse retraction of six anterior teeth using a sliding mechanism has been widely used in orthodontic space closure. To achieve bodily movement or translation of anterior teeth, orthodontists should apply either a force passing through the centre of resistance (CRe) of the segment or a horizontal force combined with the proper moment, which produces homogeneous stress distribution in the periodontium. Since the CRe of the six anterior teeth is apical to the brackets, lingual crown tipping of anterior teeth is inevitable with a routine sliding mechanism, even though rectangular stainless steel (SS) archwire is used. Therefore, solutions for managing force systems to achieve en mass retraction of the six anterior teeth is still of considerable interest. Microscrew implants can provide good anchorage for anterior tooth retraction and can be placed in the most desired locations. It has been reported that the retraction of the six anterior teeth can be achieved with a force 1 Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China. Corresponding author: Dr Duan Qiang ZHANG, Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 246# Yangqiao Middle Road, Fuzhou 350002, P.R. China. Tel: 86-5918373-6432; Fax: 86-591-83700838. E-mail: orthofj@pub.1. fx.fj. cn 3D Finite Element Study of En masse Retraction of Maxillary Anterior Teeth in Two Typical Force Directions
Severe Mitral Regurgitation with Right Ventricular Pacing, Successfully Treated with Left Ventricular Pacing

NÚNEZ, A. , et al.: Severe Mitral Regurgitation with Right Ventricular Pacing, Successfully Treated with Left Ventricular Pacing. A case of severe mitral regurgitation with refractory heart failure, after atrioventricular junction ablation and pacemaker implant, was solved with left ventricular pacing. Mitral regurgitation was related to a change in segmental left ventricular motion during right ventricular pacing.
Ion association. VII. Dependence of calciuresis on natriuresis during sulfate infusion.

Sulfate was infused intravenously into dogs as the salt of sodium, potassium, or the organic amine, "tris. " Calcium clearance was more closely correlated with sodium clearance than with sulfate excretion. When sodium excretion was low, little calciuresis occurred. The clearance of free calcium ions was calculated, making allowance for the electrostatic association between calcium and sulfate ions in the urine. The relationship between free calcium ion clearance and sodium clearance closely resembled that previously observed during saline or mannitol diuresis. Thus, in the absence of hypercalcemia, calcium excretion in the dog, in these experiments, is dependent primarily on the simultaneous sodium excretion, which determines free calcium ion excretion, and secondarily on the concentration of complexing anions in the urine, which determines how much additional calcium is excreted in bound form.
Limited proteolysis of tubulin and the localization of the binding site for colchicine.

Limited proteolysis of porcine brain tubulin with trypsin resulted in a gradual loss of its colchicine binding activity as well as its ability of assembly into microtubules. The analysis of the tryptic degradation products showed a preferential proteolysis of alpha-tubulin subunit. This enzymatic proteolysis cleaved tubulin in one major site producing fragments of 36,000 and 16,000 daltons, the smaller polypeptides containing the carboxyl-terminal residue as shown by 14C tyrosination . However, proteolysis after incubation with 1 X 10(-3) M colchicine resulted in formation of the indicated fragments plus a 41,000-dalton fragment and smaller size peptides indicating the drug induces a second cleavage site closer to the carboxyl-terminal alpha-tubulin. Preincubation of tubulin with [3H]colchicine followed by proteolysis and separation of the fragments by Sephadex G-75 chromatography showed radioactive colchicine associated with the 16,000-dalton fragment and to the smaller size peptides resulting from digestion in the presence of the drug. The data indicate a localization of the colchicine-binding site in the 16,000-dalton segment containing the COOH-terminal region of alpha-tubulin subunit.
Type-Safe and Conformance-Preserving Composition and Typing of Metamodels with Co-evolution of Models

Model-driven engineering is an approach that has increased in popularity during the course of the last couple of decades. In model-driven engineering models are firstclass artefacts, which provides the software engineers with a powerful abstraction for handling complexity and ensuring separation of concerns. This allows engineering software that is easier to understand and reason about than traditional approaches to software engineering, which in turn lowers the costs of development and maintenance. A key to the success of model-driven engineering is model management operations, e.g. model composition and model migration. However, current approaches for metamodel composition are not type-safe, or address how existing models are impacted when metamodels are composed. Ensuring type-safety and correctness of metamodel composition approaches, with following model migration and model composition, is of great importance. This thesis describes 1) how the structure and operational semantics of metamodels can be composed and adapted type-safely while ensuring the validity of existing models, 2) how the operational semantics of metamodels can be integrated practically non-intrusively and 3) how metamodels can be typed to support variance and reuse. Three main results are presented. The first result is a collection of language constructs that realise a type-safe template-based mechanism for composition and adaptation of metamodels, including a framework that migrate and/or compose existing models. The result also includes a framework for formal analysis of these operations. The second result is two mechanisms for integrating the operational semantics of metamodels, as defined by class operations, practically non-intrusively. The third result is a theory for realising metamodel types by means of class nesting, and how this allows substitutability and polymorphism for metamodels as a whole.
Research of image sparse algorithm based on compressed sensing

The sparse image representation plays an important role in the image processing. Improved layer discrete cosine transform (DCT) and Contourlet transform are two sparse algorithms. This paper compared compression and recovery results of the two sparse algorithms based on compressed sensing, while they were used to process the same image. The results show that, compared with the improved layer DCT in the compressed sensing image application, the compressed sensing image sparse algorithm based on Contourlet transform can sparsify image signal and keep more details of the image. For the same number of measurements, the average peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) is improved about 4 dB.
A chalcone isomerase-like protein enhances flavonoid production and flower pigmentation.

Flavonoids are major pigments in plants, and their biosynthetic pathway is one of the best-studied metabolic pathways. Here we have identified three mutations within a gene that result in pale-colored flowers in the Japanese morning glory (Ipomoea nil). As the mutations lead to a reduction of the colorless flavonoid compound flavonol as well as of anthocyanins in the flower petal, the identified gene was designated enhancer of flavonoid production (EFP). EFP encodes a chalcone isomerase (CHI)-related protein classified as a type IV CHI protein. CHI is the second committed enzyme of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, but type IV CHI proteins are thought to lack CHI enzymatic activity, and their functions remain unknown. The spatio-temporal expression of EFP and structural genes encoding enzymes that produce flavonoids is very similar. Expression of both EFP and the structural genes is coordinately promoted by genes encoding R2R3-MYB and WD40 family proteins. The EFP gene is widely distributed in land plants, and RNAi knockdown mutants of the EFP homologs in petunia (Petunia hybrida) and torenia (Torenia hybrida) had pale-colored flowers and low amounts of anthocyanins. The flavonol and flavone contents in the knockdown petunia and torenia flowers, respectively, were also significantly decreased, suggesting that the EFP protein contributes in early step(s) of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway to ensure production of flavonoid compounds. From these results, we conclude that EFP is an enhancer of flavonoid production and flower pigmentation, and its function is conserved among diverse land plant species.
Natural products for human health: an historical overview of the drug discovery approaches

Abstract Natural products (NPs) are secondary metabolites produced and used by organisms for defending or adapting purposes. These molecules were naturally selected during thousands of years to improve the specificity and cover a very wide range of functions, depending on the origin, the habitat and the specific activity carried out in the organism of origin. Due to these intrinsic features, NPs have been used as healing agents since thousands of years and still today continue to be the most important source of new potential therapeutic preparations.The purpose of this review is to provide information about the historical evolution of the NPs investigation methods, focusing attention on the relative benefit/problems emerged after the improvement of the scientific investigations about them, especially over the last two centuries. Taken together, the reported information lead to the central role of NPs in the future of drug development for human needs.
Upregulation of Th-2 cytokine receptors in atopy- and nonatopy-associated chronic sinusitis.

OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to investigate the expression of alpha IL5 and alpha GM-CSF receptors (alpha IL5r and alpha GM-CSFr) mRNA in the paranasal sinus mucosa of atopic and nonatopic subjects with chronic sinusitis compared to controls. DESIGN This was a prospective study of patients presenting with the diagnosis of chronic sinusitis of at least 6 months' duration. METHOD Fourteen patients with stable chronic sinusitis (7 atopic, 7 nonatopic) and 7 controls were included, from whom sinus mucosal biopsies were obtained and examined for membrane-bound alpha IL5r and alpha GM-CSFr mRNA using in situ hybridization. RESULTS There was a significant difference in the number of cells expressing alpha IL5r mRNA per high-power field in both atopic and nonatopic subjects compared to controls, and in the number of cells expressing alpha GM-CSFr mRNA in both atopic and nonatopic subjects compared with controls. The number of alpha IL5r mRNA-positive cells was significantly greater in the atopic versus nonatopic groups, whereas alpha GM-CSFr mRNA-positive cells were greater in number in the nonatopic versus atopic groups. CONCLUSION Both alpha IL5r and alpha GM-CSFr are upregulated in chronic sinusitis, suggesting that increases in both Th-2 cytokines and their receptors may be important in the pathology of the disease. Furthermore, the predominant associations of alpha IL5r with atopic chronic sinusitis and alpha GM-CSFr with nonatopic chronic sinusitis suggest that the chronic inflammation in this condition may arise from differential activation of distinct cytokine pathways depending on whether or not there is associated atopy.
Le cœur, (la tête), et l'information recherchée : Le rôle des émotions dans l'activité de recherche d'information. In 9e Congrès de la Fadben, Objets documentaires numériques : nouvel enseignement ?, Paris, 22, 23 et 24 mars 2012

Notre communication vise a decrire une dimension laissee dans l'ombre dans le champ professionnel de l'information-documentation, celle de l'emotion et de son rapport avec l'information, plus precisement l'information recherchee. S'interesser a l'emotion dans les activites informationnelles peut sembler anecdotique face aux problematiques cognitives "pures" qui forment l'arriere plan de la plupart des travaux scientifiques sur la recherche d'information, et qui ont structure les actions enseignantes des professeurs-documentalistes depuis plusieurs decennies. Pourtant, preter attention a l'emotion manifestee dans les pratiques informationnelles aux prises avec des objets informationnels aussi diversifies qu'un centre de ressources documentaires, une liste de resultats d'un moteur de recherche ou un document web, nous semble de nature a reorienter l'education a la culture informationnelle dans sa partie didactique.
A Pilot Study on the Effectiveness of a Rose Hip Shell Powder in Patients Suffering from Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain

We carried out a 3‐month preliminary investigation on the effectiveness of a rose hip shell powder and its mechanism of action. Of 52 patients suffering from acute exacerbations of low back pain (n = 39) or knee pain (n = 13), 29 had participated earlier in the pilot study with the pseudofruit powder Litozin®. After assessing the baseline values, patients were offered up to 20 g of a rose hip shell powder per day. Patients were encouraged to adjust the daily dose upwards or downwards according to their symptoms for the period of 3 months. The examination for possible effectiveness was by intention‐to‐treat analysis with last observation carried forward. There was no difference in any generic or disease‐specific outcome variables between the patients consuming the rose hip shell powder and those consuming the pseudofruit powder Litozin® in the previous surveillance study. A human protein array system and fractions from the rose powders were used to study their effect on cytokine expression in vitro. The data indicate that lipophilic rose hip fractions from the shell and the pseudofruit inhibit cytokine expression and that the shell powder may be the better starting material for a future rose hip extract prepared with a lipophilic solvent. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temporal trends in ankyloglossia and frenotomy in British Columbia, Canada, 2004-2013: a population-based study.

BACKGROUND Routine surveillance of congenital anomalies has shown recent increases in ankyloglossia (tongue-tie) in British Columbia, Canada. We examined the temporal trends in ankyloglossia and its surgical treatment (frenotomy). METHODS We conducted a population-based cohort study involving all live births in British Columbia from Apr. 1, 2004, to Mar. 31, 2014, with data obtained from the province's Perinatal Data Registry. Spatiotemporal trends in ankyloglossia and frenotomy, and associations with maternal and infant characteristics, were quantified using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS There were 459 445 live births and 3022 cases of ankyloglossia between 2004 and 2013. The population incidence of ankyloglossia increased by 70% (rate ratio 1.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.44-2.01), from 5.0 per 1000 live births in 2004 to 8.4 per 1000 in 2013. During the same period, the population rate of frenotomy increased by 89% (95% CI 52%-134%), from 2.8 per 1000 live births in 2004 to 5.3 per 1000 in 2013. The 2 regional health authorities with the lowest population rates of frenotomy (1.5 and 1.8 per 1000 live births) had the lowest rates of ankyloglossia and the lowest rates of frenotomy among cases with ankyloglossia, whereas the 2 regional health authorities with the highest population rates of frenotomy (5.2 and 5.3 per 1000 live births) had high rates of ankyloglossia and the highest rates of frenotomy among cases of ankyloglossia. Nulliparity, multiple birth, male infant sex, birth weight and year were independently associated with ankyloglossia. INTERPRETATION Large temporal increases and substantial spatial variations in ankyloglossia and frenotomy rates were observed that may indicate a diagnostic suspicion bias and increasing use of a potentially unnecessary surgical procedure among infants.