Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Søren H. Andersen. Tybrind Vig: submerged Mesolithic settlements in Denmark . 527 pages, numerous colour and bw 978-87-88415-78-0 hardback DKK399.95.

A cornerstone in this context is the ‘Social Brain Hypothesis’, which serves to navigate and understand the complexities of the interdependence between social, ecological and biological factors. It also provides justification for the focus on human imagination as the central theme, because it is linked to the development of socially constructed communication, symbols and metaphors, which seems to have driven the increase in hominin brain power over millions of years (rather than the mastering of environmental challenges alone). This book stands as part of a journey for Gamble that started with his seminal volume The Palaeolithic settlement of Europe (1986), which systematically linked archaeological evidence with the availability of resources over more than 500 000 years of human occupation in Europe. Since then Gamble has expanded his theoretical, interpretative and methodological toolkit and has explored the challenging aspects of ‘society’ (The Palaeolithic societies of Europe, 1999) and ‘identity’ (Origins and revolutions, 2007) through Palaeolithic remains. In the current volume, he further integrates all of these aspects and this overall synthesis is now held together by the overarching theme of ‘human imagination’. One might argue that this latter concept is strangely underdeveloped in the current volume, but I see it more as a metaphor itself for Gamble’s focus on human social cognition and thought as the driving force of human evolution, history and the colonisation of the world: “[t]he brain remains central to human history” (p. 321). Consequently, the deep human past should not be written as a series of biological adaptations to changing environmental conditions, but as dialectic between the narratives of a finite Earth and infinite imagination, between deep and shallow history.
Solid self-emulsifying drug delivery system (S-SEDDS) for improved dissolution rate of fenofibrate

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this work was to develop and characterise S-SEDDS containing fenofibrate (FF) for dissolution enhancement. Methods: The self-emulsifying pre-concentrate was prepared by using different proportion of Labrafac WL1349 as oily phase, Cremophor EL as surfactants and Gelucire 44/14 as co-surfactant. The prepared pre-concentrate was solidified with PEG 6000. For comparison, formulations containing TPGS as surfactant and solidifier were prepared and studied. Results: The cremophor/PEG and TPGS based S-SEDDS formulations containing 10 and 15% w/w FF when dispersed in water, formed nanoemulsion with a size range of 150–200 nm. FF was present in the crystalline state in the formulations. The formulations containing 10% w/w FF showed 90–100% dissolution in 60 min whereas the untreated FF showed only 2–4% dissolution. Conclusion: A novel S-SEDDS was developed for FF using cremophor/PEG and TPGS. The dissolution of FF was enhanced by approximately 20-fold in SGF pH 1.2.
A color image multi-channel dwt domain watermarking algorithm for resisting geometric attacks

In this paper, a multi-channel DWT domain image watermarking which is robust to geometric attacks is proposed, Firstly, this DWT domain watermarking generates a watermarking template referring to one channelpsilas DWT coefficients of the image. Secondly, this watermarking template is embedded into other DWT channel of this image. Because both watermarking template and watermarking image undergo same geometric attack, self-synchronization between the embedded watermarking and watermarking image can be obtained automatically during detecting watermarking. Therefore, a high robust performance of resist geometric attack is gained. Finally, several experimental results are given to show that the proposed watermarking algorithm achieves a high robustness even if an image undergoes some serious geometric distortion attacks.
A reconfigurable radiation pattern metamaterial-inspired antenna

In this work, a reconfigurable radiation pattern metamaterial-inspired antenna is proposed. The structure consists of simple split resonator (SRR) loaded with two open circuits and introduced into the near field region of a monopole antenna. Two configurations are studied by considering the state of the open circuits. Simulated results show that the structure can change its beam direction by controlling the switching states. A prototype with two SRRs is fabricated and tested. The measured results of return loss and radiation patterns are presented and discussed.
DOES VERAPAMIL LIMIT MYOCARDIAL INFARCT SIZE IN A HEART DEFICIENT IN XANTHINE OXIDASE?

1. The delay of ischaemic myocardial necrosis by verapamil has been reported in the dog heart, which contains a high level of xanthine oxidase, a potential source of cytotoxic free radicals. To test whether the retardation of ischaemic myocyte death by verapamil is not an isolated phenomenon in the xanthine oxidase rich heart, we assessed the effect of verapamil in the rabbit heart, which lacks xanthine oxidase.
Body fatness and risk for elevated blood pressure, total cholesterol, and serum lipoprotein ratios in children and adolescents.

BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown considerable variation in body fatness among children and adolescents defined as obese by a percentile rank for skinfold thickness. METHODS We examined the relationship between percent body fat and risk for elevated blood pressure, serum total cholesterol, and serum lipoprotein ratios in a biracial sample of 3320 children and adolescents aged 5 to 18 years. Equations developed specifically for children using the sum of subscapular (S) and triceps (T) skinfolds were used to estimate percent fat. The S/T ratio provided an index of trunkal fat patterning. RESULTS Significant overrepresentation (greater than 20%) of the uppermost quintile (UQ) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors was evident at or above 25% fat in males (32.2% to 37.3% in UQ) and at or above 30% fat in females (26.6% to 45.4% in UQ), even after adjusting for age, race, fasting status, and trunkal fat patterning. CONCLUSIONS These data support the concept of body fatness standards in White and Black children and adolescents as significant predictors of CVD risk factors. Potential applications of these obesity standards include epidemiologic surveys, pediatric health screenings, and youth fitness tests.
Design Considerations for 1.06-$mu$m InGaAsP&#8211;InP Geiger-Mode Avalanche Photodiodes

For Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes, the two most important performance metrics for most applications are dark count rate (DCR) and photon detection efficiency (PDE). In 1.06-mum separate-absorber-avalanche (multiplier) InP-based devices, the primary sources of dark counts are tunneling through defect levels in the InP avalanche region and thermal generation in the InGaAsP absorber region. PDE is the probability that a photon will be absorbed (quantum efficiency) times the probability that the electron-hole pair generated will actually cause an avalanche. A device model based on experimental data that can simultaneously predict DCR and PDE as a function of overbias and temperature is presented. This model has been found useful in predicting changes in performance as various device parameters, such as avalanche layer thickness, are modified. This has led to designs that are capable simultaneously of low DCR and high PDE
Renal Integrity in Sevoflurane Sedation in the Intensive Care Unit with the Anesthetic-Conserving Device: A Comparison with Intravenous Propofol Sedation

BACKGROUND: Increased inorganic fluoride levels after methoxyflurane exposure in the 1970s and prolonged intraoperative sevoflurane use have been suggested to be potentially nephrotoxic. In the intensive care unit we evaluated the effect on renal integrity of short-term inhaled postoperative sedation with sevoflurane using the Anesthetic Conserving Device (ACD) compared with propofol. METHODS: In this prospective, randomized, single-blinded study, after major abdominal, vascular or thoracic surgery 125 patients were allocated to receive either sevoflurane (n = 64) via the ACD (end-tidal 0.5–1 vol%) or IV propofol (n = 61) for postoperative sedation up to 24 h. Urinary &agr;-glutathione-s-transferase as primary outcome variable, urinary N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, serum creatinine, and inorganic fluoride concentrations, urine output and fluid management were measured preoperatively, at the end of surgery, and at 24 and 48 h postoperatively. RESULTS: The sedation time in the intensive care unit was comparable between the sevoflurane (9.2 ± 4.3 h) and the propofol (9.3 ± 4.7 h) group. Alpha-glutathione-s-transferase levels were significantly increased at 24 and 48 h postoperatively compared with preoperative values in both groups, without significant differences between the groups. N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and serum creatinine remained unchanged in both study groups, and urine output and creatinine clearance were comparable between the groups throughout the study period. Inorganic fluoride levels increased significantly (P < 0.001) at 24 h after sevoflurane exposure (39 ± 25 &mgr;mol/L) compared with propofol (3 ± 6 &mgr;mol/L) and remained elevated 48 h later (33 ± 26 vs 3 ± 5 &mgr;mol/L). One patient in each group suffered from renal insufficiency, requiring intensive diuretic therapy, but not dialysis, during hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term sedation with either sevoflurane using ACD or propofol did not negatively affect renal function postoperatively. Although inorganic fluoride levels were elevated after sevoflurane exposure, glomerular and tubular renal integrity were preserved throughout the hospital stay.
Effect of non-specific reversal agents on anticoagulant activity of dabigatran and rivaroxaban

Summary The new anticoagulants dabigatran and rivaroxaban can be responsible for haemorrhagic complications. As for any anticoagulant, bleeding management is challenging. We aimed to test the effect of all putative haemostatic agents on the anticoagulant activity of these new drugs using thrombin generation tests. In an ex vivo study, 10 healthy white male subjects were randomised to receive rivaroxaban (20 mg) or dabigatran (150 mg) in one oral administration. After a two weeks washout period, they received the other anticoagulant. Venous blood samples were collected just before drug administration (H0) and 2 hours thereafter. Reversal of anticoagulation was tested in vitro using prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC), rFVIIa or FEIBA® at various concentrations. Rivaroxaban affects quantitative and kinetic parameters, including the endogenous thrombin potential (ETP-AUC and more pronouncedly the thrombin peak), the lag-time and time to peak. PCC strongly corrected ETP-AUC, whereas rFVIIa only modified the kinetic parameters. FEIBA corrected all parameters. Dabigatran specially affects the kinetics of thrombin generation with prolonged lag-time and time to peak. Although PCC increased ETP-AUC, only rFVIIa and FEIBA corrected the altered lag-time. For both anticoagulants, lower doses of FEIBA, corresponding to a quarter to half the dose usually used, have potential reversal profile of interest. In conclusion, some non-specific reversal agents appear to be able to reverse the anticoagulant activity of rivaroxaban or dabigatran. However, clinical evaluation is needed regarding haemorrhagic situations, and a meticulous risk-benefit evaluation regarding their use in this context is required.
Unconventional Potentiation of Gene Expression by Ikaros*

Ikaros is essential for the normal development and regulated proliferation of lymphoid cells. In lymphocytes, Ikaros exists as an integral component of chromatin-remodeling complexes, including the Mi-2β/nucleosome remodeling and deacetylation complex (NuRD) complex. It is expected that Ikaros, together with these associated activities effects repression, but here we show that they may also potentiate gene expression in cycling cells. Ikaros cannot activate transcription by itself; instead, it enhances the activity of both weak and strong activators. For this role in potentiation, Ikaros requires its DNA binding and dimerization domains. The DNA binding and dimerization properties of Ikaros are also responsible for its targeting to pericentromeric heterochromatin (PC-HC). Significantly, Ikaros mutants with altered specificity for DNA binding that are unable to localize to PC-HC are incapable of stimulating transcription from reporters bearing their cognate sites. Thus, potentiation of gene expression by Ikaros correlates strongly with its ability to localize to PC-HC in combination with the chromatin remodeler Mi-2β.
Adaptive Analysis with HD Model on XOR Operation in Cipher Chips

Power consumption is considered as a kind of cipher chip's side channel leakage, which is correlation to the internal values in the chips. However, analysis with the side channel leakage built from Hamming-Weight (HW) model of secret key could only retrieve the equivalent Hamming-Weight classes of the key. To solve the problem, a new side channel analysis model is built from the Hamming-Distance (HD) of two operands of XOR operations in cryptographic algorithms and a new adaptive chosen plaintext analysis method is proposed. This method adaptively changes one bit of the chosen plaintext to approach the secret key one bit a step, and retrieves the whole secret key finally. Attack experiment on AES encryption executed in an AT89C52 microcontroller verified that the proposed method is feasible.
Incomplete cytokinesis and re-fusion of small mononucleated Hodgkin cells lead to giant multinucleated Reed–Sternberg cells

Significance Multinucleated giant tumor cells are frequently observed in tissue sections of patients with cancer. In classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), these so-called Reed–Sternberg (RS) cells are pathognomonic for the disease. Despite the well-described disease-promoting functions of multinucleated RS cells, their development remains obscure. Long-term time-lapse microscopy and single-cell tracking of HL cell lines demonstrated that RS cells are generated by re-fusion of small mononuclear progenitors. Importantly, fusing cells share almost exclusively the same ancestor, and visualization of the microtubule network revealed a persistent connection between daughter cells in the majority of re-fusion events. Understanding the mechanisms involved in fusion-based RS cell development will further illuminate giant tumor cell formation and may lead to new therapeutic intervention strategies. Multinucleated Reed–Sternberg (RS) cells are pathognomonic for classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), and their presence is essential for diagnosis. How these giant tumor cells develop is controversial, however. It has been postulated that RS cells arise from mononucleated Hodgkin cells via endomitosis. Conversely, continuous single-cell tracking of HL cell lines by long-term time-lapse microscopy has identified cell fusion as the main route of RS cell formation. In contrast to growth-induced formation of giant Hodgkin cells, fusion of small mononuclear cells followed by a size increase gives rise to giant RS cells. Of note, fusion of cells originating from the same ancestor, termed re-fusion, is seen nearly exclusively. In the majority of cases, re-fusion of daughter cells is preceded by incomplete cytokinesis, as demonstrated by microtubule bonds among the cells. We confirm at the level of individual tracked cells that giant Hodgkin and RS cells have little proliferative capacity, further supporting small mononuclear Hodgkin cells as the proliferative compartment of the HL tumor clone. In addition, sister cells show a shared propensity for re-fusion, providing evidence of early RS cell fate commitment. Thus, RS cell generation is related neither to cell fusion of unrelated Hodgkin cells nor to endomitosis, but rather is mediated by re-fusion of daughter cells that underwent mitosis. This surprising finding supports the existence of a unique mechanism for the generation of multinuclear RS cells that may have implications beyond HL, given that RS-like cells are frequently observed in several other lymphoproliferative diseases as well.
Tools for Educational Data Mining

In recent years, a wide array of tools have emerged for the purposes of conducting educational data mining (EDM) and/or learning analytics (LA) research. In this article, we hope to highlight some of the most widely used, most accessible, and most powerful tools available for the researcher interested in conducting EDM/LA research. We will highlight the utility that these tools have with respect to common data preprocessing and analysis steps in a typical research project as well as more descriptive information such as price point and user-friendliness. We will also highlight niche tools in the field, such as those used for Bayesian knowledge tracing (BKT), data visualization, text analysis, and social network analysis. Finally, we will discuss the importance of familiarizing oneself with multiple tools—a data analysis toolbox—for the practice of EDM/LA research.
Brain lithium levels and effects on cognition and mood in geriatric bipolar disorder: a lithium-7 magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.

OBJECTIVES The authors investigated the relationship between brain lithium, serum lithium and age in adult subjects treated with lithium. In addition, the authors investigated the association between brain lithium and serum lithium with frontal lobe functioning and mood in a subgroup of older subjects. DESIGN Cross-sectional assessment. SETTING McLean Hospital's Geriatric Psychiatry Research Program and Brain Imaging Center; The Division of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-six subjects, 20 to 85 years, with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition-TR bipolar disorder (BD), currently treated with lithium. MEASUREMENTS All subjects had measurements of mood (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale [HDRS] and Young Mania Rating Scale) and serum and brain lithium levels. Brain lithium levels were assessed using lithium Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Ten subjects older than 50 years also had assessments of frontal lobe functioning (Stroop, Trails A and B, Wis. Card Sorting Task). RESULTS Brain lithium levels correlated with serum lithium levels for the group as a whole. However, this relationship was not present for the group of subjects older than 50. For these older subjects elevations in brain (but not serum) lithium levels were associated with frontal lobe dysfunction and higher HDRS scores. The higher HDRS were associated with increased somatic symptoms. CONCLUSION Frontal lobe dysfunction and elevated depression symptoms correlating with higher brain lithium levels supports conservative dosing recommendations in bipolar older adults. The absence of a predictable relationship between serum and brain lithium makes specific individual predictions about the "ideal" lithium serum level in an older adult with BD difficult.
EVIDENCE FOR LIMITED INTERCONTINENTAL GENE FLOW IN THE COSMOPOLITAN MUSHROOM, SCHIZOPHYLLUM COMMUNE

The genetic structure of populations of Schizophyllum commune was inferred from electrophoretic variation among 136 individuals at 11 polymorphic allozyme loci to determine the extent of geographic differentiation in this widespread mushroom species. The majority of the genetic variation was contained within populations; however, considerable genetic differentiation was observed among populations (global GST = 0.214). Clustering analysis demonstrated that genetic distance was correlated with geographic distance and that a large component of the genetic variation was due to allele frequency differences among populations from the eastern and western hemispheres. Our results also suggest that populations are large and geographically widespread. The lack of fixed genetic differences among intercontinental populations at any of the allozyme loci suggests that long‐distance spore dispersal may counter the effects of genetic drift in this cosmopolitan species. These results are contrasted with a previous description of the same collection, in which the mating allele distribution of the species displayed no population substructure at any geographic scale (Raper et al. 1958). Broader implications of this study are that both species and mating allele distributions may not be correlated with long‐distance gene flow in basidiomycete fungi.
Nutritional and Health Benefits of Inulin and Oligofructose Biochemical Basis of Oligofructose-Induced Hypolipidemia in Animal Models 1

Oligofructose (OFS), a mixture of nondigestible/fermentable fructooligosaccharides, decreases serum triacylglycerol (TAG) when it is included in the standard, fiber-free or high fat diet of rats. This paper summarizes in vivo and in vitro data to establish a biochemical mechanism underlying the hypolipidemic effect of OFS. When OFS is added to the standard (carbohydrate-rich) diet of rats at the dose of 10 g/100 g, a TAG-lowering action occurs as a consequence of a reduction of de novo liver fatty acid synthesis. The depression in the activity of all lipogenic enzymes and fatty acid synthase mRNA suggests that OFS modifies the gene expression of lipogenic enzymes. Through its modulation of de novo lipogenesis, OFS can protect against liver lipid accumulation induced by providing 10% fructose-enriched water for 48 h. OFS also significantly decreases serum insulin and glucose, which are both known to participate in the nutritional regulation of lipogenesis. It also increases the intestinal production of incretins, namely, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and glucagon-like peptide 1. This latter phenomenon results mainly from promotion of intestinal tissue proliferation by oligofructose fermentation end-products. Collectively, a link likely exists between the modulation of hormone and incretin production by OFS, and its antilipogenic effect. J. Nutr. 129: 1467S–1470S, 1999.
Resistance of Escherichia coli to Penicillins VII. Purification and Characterization of a Penicillinase Mediated by the R Factor R1

The penicillinase mediated by the R factor R1 in Escherichia coli has been purified and characterized. The purification procedure contained the following three steps: spheroplast formation, chromatography of the spheroplast supernatant fluid on DEAE cellulose, and preparative polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The protein obtained gave only one band in analytical polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. To obtain milligram quantities of the enzyme, gel filtration on Sephadex G75 was run before the last step in the purification. By gel filtration on Sephadex G75, the molecular weight was estimated as 22,000. The pH optimum, tested in universal buffer, was 7.0. The turnover numbers for benzylpenicillin, d-ampicillin, and 6-aminopenicillanic acid were 4.2 × 104, 6.3 × 104, and 2.2 × 104 moles of substrate hydrolyzed per min by 1 mole of enzyme, whereas the Michaelis constants were 100, 160, and 440 μm, respectively. Cephalosporins were much poorer substrates for the R1 penicillinase than were the penicillins. The turnover number for cephalosporin C, cephaloridine, and 7-amino-cephalosporanic acid were 2.4 × 103, 5 × 102, and less than 2 × 102, respectively. These properties show that the R1 penicillinase is quite different from the chromosomally mediated penicillinase of E. coli (11). However, the R1 enzyme resembles another R-factor penicillinase previously purified by Richmond and Datta.
A context for programming learning based on research communities

This paper describes a research work that seeks to develop a pedagogical strategy to assist in programming learning, inspired by Mathew Lipman's strategy - conceived to help students maximize their learning through the conscious assessment of their self-efficacy level while they develop a programming study behaviour. We present the results of the preliminary tests on the formalization of the research methodology and the changes implied on the strategy to be tested.