Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biochemical Characterization of Plasma Membrane Vesicles of Cyanophora paradoxa

Plasma membrane vesicles (PMVs) were isolated PA: from Cyanophora paradoxa Korshikov (Glaucocystophyta) and purified by differential and sucrose density gradient centrifugation PMVs were identified ultrastructurally and biochemically using marker enzymes. Analysis of monosaccharides revealed a sugar content of 37.3% of dry weight of delipidated PMVs with high amounts of fucose (28 mol% of total carbohydrate), galactose (23%), mannose (21%) and the minor constituents xylose, rhamnose, glucose and N-acetylglucosamine Proteins were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. More than 20 polypeptides were resolved and several were identified as glycopeptides, as shown by PAS staining and lectin blots. Fucose linked alpha-1-->6 to N-acetylglucosamine (AAA-binding), mannose linked alpha-1-->2,3,6 to mannose (GNA-binding) and terminally bound galactose (RCA-binding) were identified on several polypeptides. Sterols (p-sitosterol and an additional unknown sterol, 40% of total lipids) and diacylglycerol (43%) are the major lipid components in the PMVs of C. paradoxa. Minor components are PE, PC, PG and an unknown glycolipid. Fatty acid analysis revealed 12 different fatty acids, predominantly 16:0, 18:0 and the polyunsaturated acids 20:4 and 20:5 (together 69% of total fatty acids). alpha-Linolenic acid, common in higher plant PMs, could only be detected as a minor constituent (< 1 %) of PMVs of C. paradoxa.
Whole tree hydraulic conductance and water loss regulation in Quercus during drought: evidence for stomatal control of embolism?

Les relations hydriques de chenes sessiles ages de 30 ans ont ete etudiees pendant trois saisons de vegetation consecutives. La conductance hydraulique specifique totale (gL) a ete calculee a partir des relations densite de flux de seve (dF)/potentiel hydrique foliaire (Ψ leaf ). Nous avons note une nette reduction de gL au cours du developpement de la secheresse. Exprimee en fonction du potentiel hydrique de base (Ψ predawn ), la decroissance de gL a ete de type exponentielle, c'est-a-dire que de fortes variations de gL ont ete observees alors que Ψ predawn etait eleve et constant. Ces variations precoces de gL etaient probablement localisees dans le compartiment racines-sol du SPAC en raison du faible developpement de l'embolie dans le xyleme. Bien que gL soit reduit, Ψ midday est reste constant et au-dessus de -3MPa tout au long de la secheresse parce que dF midday fut reduit de facon importante. En consequence une relation lineaire fut mise en evidence entre gL et dF midday . Le taux d'embolie se developpe de facon significative dans le xyleme des petioles et des rameaux feuilles lorsque Ψ midday devient inferieur a -3MPa. Nous suggerons que, en raison des changements de gL, Q petraea ajuste progressivement ses pertes en eau ce qui a pour effet de maintenir Ψ midday au dessus du seuil de cavitation. Nous montrons qu'en l'absence de regulation des pertes d'eau des tensions xylemiques considerables se developperaient dans le houppier avec pour consequence probable une mortalite importante des branches due au phenomene d'emballement de l'embolie.
Security and Communication New Routing for Contrasting Wireless Sensor Networks

In the earlier systems middle hop nodes which works for each and every data transmission consumes maximum energy which repeatedly affect s the life time of the wireless sensor network.Power-efficient Energy -Aware routing protocol for wireless sensor networks is proposed that saves the energy by efficiently selecting the energy efficient path in the routing process.We propose use of a heterogeneous sensor network where query operators are assigned to sparsely deploy resource-rich nodes within a dense network of low power sensor nodes. Energy roficiency is a standout amongst the most critical problem in mobility ased wireless sensor network. Routing procedures for WSNs are responsible for selecting and maintaining the routes in the network and ensure reliable and effective communication in inadequate periods. Proposed new sub optimal paths occasionally to increase the lifetime of the networ k limitations of current approaches, propose a new MAC layer protocol called Convergent MAC (CMAC) that supports low latency and high throughput as well as low duty cycle operation . The proposed EAUM - WCH protocol is more efficient in balancing the stability and consumption of energy in the network and improves the lifetime of the wireless sensor network. In order to increase the energy efficiency further transmission power of the nodes is also adjusted based on the location of their neighbor. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to build an energy aware routing infrastructure to enable in-network processingof spatio-temporal queries
Methane emissions of beef cattle grazing tall fescue pastures at three levels of endophyte infestation

Methane (CH 4 ) is produced by fermentation in the rumen of cattle. Methane may play a part in global warming scenarios. Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is an important forage in the eastern United States. The toxic syndrome associated with the endophytic fungus Neotyphodium coenophialum (E+) can be mitigated with management strategies that improve forage quality of E+ tall fescue pastures and animal performance. The sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) tracer technique was used to determine the effects of tall fescue pasture management on CH 4 production in 1997-1998. Two steers (Bos taurus) on two pastures each of E+ tall fescue, of endophyte free (E-) tall fescue, of E+/E-(1:1 ratio), and of E+/ladino white clover (Trifolium repens L.), and four steers and four lactating cows with nursing calves grazing either unimproved (UP) or best management practices (BMP) pastures were used to collect eructated CH 4 samples. Daily CH 4 emissions were about 95 to 200 g d -1 for steers and 150 to 240 g d -1 for cows. Steers grazing E+ /clover pastures emitted 20% less CH 4 kg -1 d -1 than steers grazing E+, E-, or E+/E- in summer. Season and animal size were the major factors affecting CH 4 emissions. This first estimation of CH 4 emissions from free-roaming cattle grazing tall fescue pastures indicates that (i) improved forage management strategies have little effect on daily emissions per animal that are primarily a function of rumen size and intake, and (ii) the amount of emission per unit of animal product is reduced when improved practices are implemented.
A Review On E-hailing System In The City Centre Comparative Study Between Kota Kinabalu And Changsha City Centre - IRE Journals

- E-hailing is a new transportation pattern. In recent years, e-hailing has developed rapidly all over the world; it has dramatically changed the way people travel. This paper introduces the development situation of two cities—Kota Kinabalu (KK) in Malaysia and Changsha in China, and the current situation of local e-hailing. Grab and Didi, the most representative e-hailing companies in two cities, were selected. The advantages and disadvantages of e-hailing in the two towns are obtained by comparing its service provision, pricing system and security. At the same time, some suggestions are put forward for the development of e-hailing in Changsha and KK.
Influence of fire on native nitrogen-fixing plants and soil nitrogen status in ponderosa pine - Douglas-fir forests in western Montana

Nitrogen fixing plants have been reported to play an important role in replacing N lost from soil in fire dominated ecosystems. Exclusion of fire from ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) - Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) forests of western Montana has lead to widespread changes in forest structure, composition, and function including a potential reduction in the occurrence of N-fixing plant species. We investigated the effect of fire exclusion and reintroduction of fire on the frequency, occurrence, and function of native N-fixing plant species at 11 paired burned and unburned sites in western Montana. These pairs had been either undisturbed since the early 1900s or had been repeatedly opened by logging and (or) fire over the last 80-100 years. Although the percent cover of N-fixing plants was low at all sites, the cover and frequency of N-fixing plants were significantly greater in sites exposed to fire than in the unburned sites and greater in repeatedly opened sites than.
Visual Prey Detection and Foraging in Sympatric Cutthroat Trout (Salmo clarki clarki) and Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma)

In sympatric lacustrine cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki clarki) and Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma), reaction distance to artificial and natural prey increased with increases in irradiance from a visual irradiance threshold (VIT, the maximum quantity of irradiance resulting in zero reaction distance to prey) to a saturation irradiance threshold (SIT, the minimum quantity of irradiance that maximizes reaction distance to prey). The VIT and SIT for Dolly Varden were approximately one and two orders of magnitude lower, respectively, than those for trout. At all irradiance levels >4.2 × 1017 photons m−2∙s−1 the reaction distance of trout exceeded that of Dolly Varden. Reaction distance to prey in both species was greatest for red irradiance followed in descending order by green, yellow and blue irradiance. The midsummer ambient irradiance regime in a lake cohabited by trout (concentrated in surface waters) and Dolly Varden (inhabiting deeper waters) showed that during daylight hours a much larger portion of the.
Chromosomal Relations in Two Species of Drosophila

The analysis of 1,341 individuals of D. guaramunu and 356 of D. griseolineata, all from natural populations of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, shows that the former species is highly polymorphic with respect to gene arrangements in its chromosomes, while the latter species is not. Thus the 12 new inversions herein described in D. guaramunu brings to 31 the total number of inversions known in this species; yet the total for D. griseolineata remains at five, no new ones having been found. It is notable that 25 of the inversions of D. guaramunu occur in chromosome IV and 17 of these are localized in its basal half. Hybrid larvae, but no imagos, were obtained from a D. guaramunu female inseminated in nature by a D. griseolineata male. The salivary glands chromosomes of the hybrids confirmed that the greatest divergence by structural modification has occurred between chromosomes IV and V.
HYBRIDIZATION IN TRADESCANTIA. III. THE EVIDENCE FOR INTROGRESSIVE HYBRIDIZATION

PREVIOUTS STUDIES of the American species of Tradescantia have shown that interspecific hybridization is comparatively frequent between the eighteen or more species closely related to Tradescantica virginian-a (Anderson and Sax, 1936; Anderson and Woodson, 1935). Hybridizations which were inferred from herbariunm and field work have been produced experimentally in the breeding plot (Anderson, 1936a). Detailed morphological analyses of hybrid populations have shown that the ultimate effects of interspecific hybridization are various (Anderson, 1936c). Apparently the commonest result is that through repeated back-crossing of the hybrids to the parental species there is an infiltration of the germplasm, of one species into that of another. If, for instance, two species, 'A' and 'B' come into effective contact, they usually do sounder conditions which greatly favor either 'A' or 'B. ' If 'A' and 'B' differ in habitat preferences, seldom or never is there a habitat equally acceptable to both; they usually meet, if at all, in a situation quite favorable to one of the species but just fairly so to the other. Therefore, if hybrids are produced, they tend to cross back to the more abundant species. The progeny of thes6 secondary hybrids are likewise crossed back again, and so on. The final result will depend upon the balance between the deleterious effects of the foreign germplasm and its advantageQus effects in the areas where the hybridization has taken place or to which the hybrids may spread. Preliminary analyses of a number of genera of the flowering plants (Anderson, 1936b; Riley, 1936, 1937; Goodwin, 1937; Delisle, 1937) have shown that while such is not the only effect of hybridization between species, it is certainly one of the commonest. We have therefore given it a distinctive name, introgressive hybridization. In discussing the effects of introgressive hybridization, we shall speak of the hybridization of one species into another rather than hybridization with another. This terminology is chosen as a matter of convenience in discussing particular cases and avoids needless repetition of explanatory phrases. The' application of the terms " hybrid " and " species " becomes a difficult problem in dealing with successive back-crosses between an original first generation hybrid and one of the parental species. The F is clearly entitled to the term hybrid, but among the progeny of its first cross back to the parent there, will be a number of individuals which resemble that species verv closely indeed, and each successive backcross will increase the percentage of these indistinguishable or almost indistinguishable mongrels. After a few back-crosses most of the individuals cannot be
TENSEGRITY MODEL OF PATTERN FORMATION DURING CYTOKINESIS OF A CILIATE, PARAMECIUM : EFFECTS OF AN INHIBITOR OF PHOSPHORYLATION, 6-DIMETHYLAMINOPURINE, AND OF ADENINE

During cytokinesis of the ciliate Paramecium, the two oral apparatuses (OAs), localized close to the fission line, are displaced to a mid-region of daughter cells by a tearing off of the OAs and adjacent cortices from the fission line and their subsequent movement toward the poles of the dividing cell. Two possible mechanisms for this displacement were examined: 1) a mechanism whereby the contraction of the fission line in the vicinity of OAs brings about the change of configuration of the adjacent cortices and subsequent displacement of OAs and 2) a mechanism whereby programmed transient depolymerization of the inner cytoskeletal contractile infraciliary lattice in the vicinity of OAs acts as a motive force for displacement of the OAs, together with the most superficial outer lattice of the cytoskeleton which does not disassemble. Our working hypotheses were based on observations on the behavior of the outer lattice, where the infraciliary lattice disintegrates and the fission line assembles. To study the mechanics of pattern formation during cytokinesis of Paramecium, morphogenesis was followed in the presence of an inhibitor of phosphorylation, 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP), and of adenine, which prevented disassembly of the inner lattice and arrested cytokinesis and dislocation of OAs. Nearly all defects in morphogenesis were correlated with failure of the infraciliary lattice to disassemble and failure of the fission line to assemble. It appears that the superficial cortical structures and the contractile infraciliary lattice represent a tensegrity model of morphogenesis during cytokinesis in Paramecium. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Plant–plant communication mediated by airborne signals: ecological and plant physiological perspectives

When exposed to herbivore-infested plant volatiles or volatiles from artificially damaged plants, intact plants enhance their defense against herbivores. This phenomenon is called plant-plant communication. Here, we outline studies on plant-plant communication from both ecological and plant physiological perspectives. Regarding the ecological perspective, we give an overview of studies showing that plant–plant communication affect direct and indirect defense levels of exposed plants, and herbivore performance on exposed plants. Cases of kin selection in plant–plant communications and intra-plant communication via airborne signals are also summarized. Regarding the plant physiological perspective, we give an overview of studies that showed specific responses of receiver plants to a volatile molecular species, to different configurations of a volatile molecular species and to blends of volatiles. Furthermore, we review the signaling pathways involved, priming, sensitivity, and how plants receive volatile compounds in plant–plant communications.
Prediction of toxin production by Clostridium botulinum in pasteurized pork slurry

Summary A model pork slurry system was used to study factors controlling the growth of Clostridium botulinum types A & B (Roberts, Gibson & Robinson, 1981a,b). The following factors were studied in combination: sodium chloride (2.5, 3.5, 4.5% w/v on water); sodium nitrite (100, 200, 300 μg/g); sodium nitrate (0, 500 μg/g); sodium isoascorbate (0, 1000 μg/g); polyphosphate (Curaphos 700, 0, 0.3% w/v); heat treatment (none, 8°C/7 min, 80°C/7 min + 70°C/1 hr); at two pH levels and stored at: 15, 17.5, 20 or 35°C. Analyses of results yielded a statistical model providing two formulae (for ‘low’ and ‘high’ pH slurries) which estimate the probability of toxin production in the pork slurry system within the limits defined above.
UJI ANTIBAKTERI Ag/SBA-15 DARI ABU DAUN BAMBU PETUNG TERHADAP BAKTERI Escherichia coli

Antibacterial tests of Ag/SBA-15 from petung bamboo leaf ash against Escherichia coli were carried out. Modification of SBA-15 with Ag was conducted using the wet impregnation method while the antibacterial test was carried out by well diffusion method and disc diffusion method with various concentrations of Ag/SBA-15. The Ag/SBA-15 has a surface area of ​​143 m2/g, pore diameter of 8.4 nm and pore volume of 0.35 cm3/g. The SAXS pattern of Ag /SBA-15 showed 3 typical SBA-15 peaks in the 0o -2o 2θ range with the miller index [100], [110] and [200], indicating modification with Ag did not change the hexagonal structure of SBA-15. Ag / SBA-15 material has the potential as an antibacterial agent for Escherichia coli; the inhibitory zone diameters for the well diffusion method and disc diffusion method were 7.00 ± 0.57 mm and 13.16 ± 0.16 mm, respectively. Increasing the concentration of Ag/SBA-15 samples resulted in greater inhibitory zone diameters for the bacteria.
The status and distribution of mountain scurvygrass (Cochlearia micacea Marshall) in Scotland, with ecological notes

Summary Cochlearia micacea Marshall is endemic to Scotland. It has so far been recorded from about 21 10-km squares mainly in the Breadalbanes, scattered in the Cairngorms and also in Shetland. It typically grows in mossy flushes, springs and stream sides, and also occurs in short calcicolous turf, on cliffs and ledges, and in gullies and ravines, with substrates of pH 5.6–7.5. It occurs at 600–1170 m in the mountains, but may be washed down to lower altitudes, and also occurs at 60 m altitude in Shetland. Populations appear to be under no particular threat and require no specific conservation action.
Structure of genetic diversity among common bean landraces of Middle American origin based on correspondence analysis of RAPD.

More than 60% of common bean production worldwide is derived from cultivars of Middle American origin. Understanding the diversity of these will facilitate their use in genetic improvement. The objective of this study was to analyze a collection of 269 landraces of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by correspondence analysis of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) data to determine the genetic structure of the Middle American gene pool of cultivated bean. One hundred eighty landraces originating in Mexico, the remainder in Central America and secondary centers of diversity within the Americas, and two checks were studied. DNA was extracted, RAPD reactions carried out, and polymorphic bands were scored as present or absent on the basis of 39 primers. Groups were formed which in part corresponded to races defined previously by morphological and agroecological criteria. However, tropical small-seeded Race M was composed of two groups: one largely Mexican that included most small-seeded black beans of upright plant habit, and one Central American with landraces of various seed colors. Most non-black small-seeded germplasm of Race M phenotype from secondary centers grouped with the Central American landraces, except for cream-seeded and purple-seeded accessions from Brazil. Races D and J could be distinguished and within races D and J further divisions could be recognized which were related to geographic origin. The more commercial Race D landraces formed a genetic group that was predominant in the western part of the Mexican highland plateau. Another Race D group was concentrated at the eastern extreme of the neovolcanic axis and was differentiated morphologically as well. Guatemalan germplasm contained accessions of climbing bean that did not group with any of the previously defined races and should be considered a separate race. Thus, Middle American germplasm of common bean is more complex than previously thought, and contains diversity that remains to be explored for its practical value.
Detecting dynamical changes in nonlinear time series using locally linear state‐space models

Interest is growing in methods for predicting and detecting regime shifts—changes in the structure of dynamical processes that cause shifts among alternative stable states. Here, we use locally linear, autoregressive state-space models to statistically identify nonlinear processes that govern the dynamics of time series. We develop both time-varying and threshold models. In time-varying autoregressive models with p time lags, AR(p), and vector autoregressive models for n-dimensional systems of order p = 1, VAR(1), we assume that coefficients vary with time. We can infer an approaching regime shift if the coefficients indicate critical slowing down of the local dynamics of the system. In self-excited threshold models, we assume that the time series is governed by two autoregressive processes; the state variable switches between them when the time series crosses a threshold value. We use the existence of a statistically significant threshold as an indicator of alternative stable states. All models are fit to data using a state-space form that incorporates measurement error, and maximum likelihood estimation allows for statistically testing alternative hypotheses about the processes governing dynamics. Our model-based approach for forecasting regime shifts and identifying alternative stable states overcomes limitations of other common metric-based approaches and is a useful addition to the toolbox of methods for analyzing nonlinear time series.