Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impacts of Emotional Publicity & Brand Image on Consumer Buying Behavior in Pakistan A Case Study of Jauharabad City District Khushab

Publicity is a practice to convince the consumers for taking the decisions regarding purchase of specific goods and services. The objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between, emotional publicity and brand image with buying behavior of the consumers as how buying behavior of customers is changed by emotional publicity. Questionnaire survey has been used to collect the data by using non probability convenient sampling method to investigate the relationship between the included variables. Results explain that brand image and emotional publicity are very much significant and have a positive relationship with the buying behavior of the consumers. It shows that the people of Jauharabad are becoming aware and conscious as well about the living and social status and they used to purchase the branded products by considering the better quality even at the higher prices. For empirical analysis multiple regression analysis has been carried out.
Mating behavior of the predator Podisus nigrispinus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) under exposure to neem: Comportamiento de apareamiento del depredador Podisus nigrispinus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) expuesto al neem

La preservacion de los enemigos naturales es la base fundamental para el manejo integrado de las plagas. Los insecticidas botanicos han demostrado un bajo impacto sobre los artropodos beneficos en relacion a la supervivencia. Se desarrollo un estudio para evaluar el efecto del insecticida botanico neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.; Meliaceae) sobre el comportamiento de apareamiento del chinche depredador Podisus nigrispinus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Se expusieron adultos virgenes de 5-7 dias de edad, separados por sexo, a residuos secos de este extracto. Machos y hembras virgenes entre 5 y 7 d de edad fueron expuestos a la azadiractina, por contacto directo con superficies tratadas. Los tratamientos fueron: machos y hembras no tratados; macho tratado y hembra no tratada; macho no tratado y hembra tratada y macho y hembras tratadas. Los resultados demostraron que la azadiractina afecto la duracion de la primera copula (test de Wilcoxon, χ2 = 13.38, df = 3, p = 0.004) lo que se traduce en un alto tiempo medio efectivo de copula (EATM50) en el tratamiento en que solo la hembra fue tratada con azadiractina. Esta constatacion apunta a un efecto subletal de la azadiractina sobre el comportamiento de apareamiento de P. nigrispinus que probablemente compromete su reproduccion.
General topic : Cervical cancer as a public health issue in Mexico and other developing countries

In this chapter we will discuss cervical cancer (CC) incidence and mortality trends in Mexico and other developing countries, the rationale for cervical screening, the problems and challenges facing CC screening programs especially in Latin America and lastly, public health perspectives in terms of the prevention and control of this disease. CC disproportionately affects poorer countries, and within countries, poorer communities due to their lack of effective prevention programs. The CC mortality rates are seven times greater in Latin America and the Caribbean than in North America and the CC ranks as the 4th most frequent cancer in women in America, and the 2nd most frequent among women between 15 and 44 years of age. The highest disease burden is borne by Caribbean and Central American women. Since CC is the neoplasm with the highest Correspondence/Reprint request: Dr. Kirvis Janneth Torres-Poveda, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, C.P.62100, Cuernavaca, México E-mail: kjtorrespo@conacyt.mx Kirvis Janneth Torres-Poveda et al. 2 demonstrated potential for secondary prevention, it is an entirely preventable and curable disease: It implies low cost and low risk when methods are available for screening asymptomatic women, along with appropriate diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Despite advances in health systems in the Region of the Americas, poor communities, will likely to develop technically avoidable diseases such as CC, while conditions of inequality persist in access to health and all its determinants.
Climate Variability in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean Induced by Decadal Variability of Mixing Coefficient

The circulation in the equatorial Pacific Ocean is studied in a series of numerical experiments based on an isopycnal coordinate model. The model is subject to monthly mean climatology of wind stress and surface thermohaline forcing. In response to decadal variability in the diapycnal mixing coefficient, sea surface temperature and other properties of the circulation system oscillate periodically. The strongest sea surface temperature anomaly appears in the geographic location of Nino-3 region with the amplitude on the order of 0.5°C, if the model is subject to a 30-yr sinusoidal oscillation in diapycnal mixing coefficient that varies between 0.03 10 4 and 0.27 10 4 m 2 s 1 . Changes in diapycnal mixing coefficient of this amplitude are within the bulk range consistent with the external mechanical energy input in the global ocean, especially when considering the great changes of tropical cyclones during the past decades. Thus, time-varying diapycnal mixing associated with changes in wind energy input into the ocean may play a nonnegligible role in decadal climate variability in the equatorial circulation and climate.
Ticks and Tick-borne Infections in the Far East of Russia

The vector-borne zoonosises remain public health concern especially in the Far East of Russia because of high population density of ixodid ticks and their biodiversity rearrangements due to anthropogenic pressure. Ixodes persulcatus Schulze, 1930 remains predominant in the isolated populations of the Sakhalin island and in continental wildlife reserves with its gradual displacement with other tick species near agro landscapes and towns. The infection rate of I. persulcatus with Rickettsia spp. (up to 100%) and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (up to 69%) exceeded the corresponding frequencies of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), Borrelia miyamotoi, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Francisella tularensis and Babesia spp. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the PCR products permitted to reveal genetic diversity of the tick-borne bacteria including Borrelia garinii, B. afzelii, B. miyamotoi, Rickettsia helvetica, Candidatus Rickettsia tarasevichiae, A. phagocytophilum, E. muris, Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis, Francisella tularensis found in I. persulcatus ticks and only B. burgdorferi s. l. complex and Rickettsia heilongjiangensis in H. concinna. The TBEV isolates from ticks and mosquitoes of the predominant Far Eastern subtype appeared to be very stable since 1937. Besides the monoinfection the real time PCR with subtype specific fluorescent probes showed mixed infection of the TBEV Far Eastern subtype with Siberian subtype in the ixodid ticks. Molecular epidemiological monitoring allowed us to estimate risks of the tick-borne infections in the Far East of Russia and to reveal their genetic diversity necessary for the diagnostic systems and vaccines.
Potential Output in the Czech Republic: A Production Function Approach

This paper deals with the Czech economy supply side performance from the macroeconomic point of view. In order to evaluate the supply side behaviour we calculate the potential output dynamic path and contribution of its particular determinants using the production function method. The results show that the potential output growth was rather slow around 2 per cent. This implies that e. g. even 3 per cent growth can cause macroeconomic imbalances. Increase of the non-accelerating-inflation-rate of unemployment (NAIRU), weak growth of the capital stock and weak growth of total factor productivity appear to be the reasons for the constrained ability of the Czech economy to grow steadily and converge to EU level.
How Important are Financial Shocks for the Canadian Business Cycle

In this paper, we investigate the importance of financial shocks for the Canadian business cycle employing the financial friction DSGE framework following Bernanke, Gertler, and Gilchrist (1999) with an extension of a small-open economy feature. In particular, we explored the importance of an external finance premium shock and an aggregate net worth shock. In order to identify financial shocks in the model, we utilized financial data in estimating our model. Our variance decomposition results showed that the external finance premium shock to account about 7.5% and the aggregate net worth shock to account about 5.6% of the variance of the business fixed investment in Canada. Also, our historical decomposition results and smoothing of the various financial variables showed that data on corporate leverage ratio to be particularly useful in identifying the financial shocks in the model. Finally, when the financial shocks were present in the model, relative importance of the investment- specific technology shock was substantially subdued that it accounted for only 17% of the variance of the business fixed investment - much lower than the results reported in the former empirical studies.
Erosion, deposition and replacement of soil organic carbon in Mediterranean catchments: a geomorphological, isotopic and land use change approach

Abstract. Determination of whether soil erosion can constitute a net terrestrial carbon dioxide (CO2) sink continues to suffer from lack of sufficient focused studies and field data. Two of the major gaps in our understanding of the erosion induced terrestrial carbon sink issue include rate of eroded soil organic carbon replacement by production of new photosynthate and stability of eroded organic carbon (OC) post deposition. Here we examined the effect of erosion processes and land use change on the stock, type, and stability of OC in two medium-sized subcatchments (18 and 50 ha in size) in SE Spain. We analysed soil samples from drainage areas and depositional settings for stock and isotopic composition of OC (14C and 13C), and particle size distribution. In addition, we conducted land use change analysis for the period 1956–2008 and a geomorphological survey of the current erosion processes taking place in the slope-streambed connections. Our findings demonstrate that land use change influenced the dominating erosion processes and, thus, the source of eroding sediments. Carbon isotopes used as tracers revealed that in one of the subcatchments the deposited sediments were derived from deep soil (average Δ14C of −271.5 ‰) through non-selective erosion processes and channel incision. In the other subcatchment, topsoil material was predominantly eroded and the average Δ14C in sediments was −64.2 ‰. Replacement of eroded soil OC was taking place in the analysed soil profiles in the slopes suggesting that erosion processes do not necessarily provoke a decrease in soil OC stock over time.
Genotyping characterization of Salmonella Egyptian Isolates with Special Reference to Drug Resistance Genes

Back ground: Salmonella strains remain a major public health problem of an im ls and human. Salmonellosis is one of the most c mmon causes of food-borne disease worldwide. Most infect ions are zoonotic and are transmitted from food ani m ls to humans through the ingestion of contaminated food. Objective: The present investigation was carried out to evalu ate the prevalence of resistance genes in drug resistant salmonella isolates and the identity betw e n salmonella isolates from different siurces. Results: Seventy six out of 500 samples from herbs, water, fish, shrimps and different type s of meat were found to be positive to salmonella w ith a percentage of 15.2%. Salmonella Typhmurium, Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Gallinarum were the most prevalence serotype among the recovered isolates with percentages of 28.94%, 19.73% and 17.1%, respective ly.Th result of antibiotics sensitivity indicated that the recovered Salmonella isolates were highly resistant to ampicillin, amikacin, gent amicin, penicillin and amoxicillin (100%) followed by ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and norfloxacin with pe rc ntages of 80%, 67% and 63, respectively. 68% of the isolates were intermediately sensitive to sulphtriamethoprim. PCR was designed t o etect blaTEM (β-lactamases), TetA (A) (Tetracyclines), floR (chloramphenicol), gyrA and Sul1 (Sulphonamides) genes in Salmonella resistant isolates. Testing for the resistance gen s using PCR showed that 100% of the tested isolates were positive with gyrA, Sul1and TetA (A) gene, while 86% of the tested isolates were p ositive with floR gene and finally 59% of the tested isolates were positive with blaTEM gene. In the present study, variety of Salmonella serogroups from different origins were sequenced to detect the genetic differences am ong such isolates. The results showed genetic varia tions ranged from 87.5 to 99% among the recovered isolates. Conclusion: Antimicrobial resistant bacteria and their resista nce determinants are considered hazards in antimicrobial resistance risk assessment; therefore , the information obtained could be used as part of isk analysis of the distribution and development of antimicrobial resistance.
Appraisal Of Probiotics And Prebiotics In Gastrointestinal Infections

A probiotic is a viable microbial dietary supplement that beneficially affects the host through its effects in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Probiotics are widely used to prepare fermented dairy and non-dairy products. Several health-related effects associated with the intake of probiotics, including alleviation of lactose intolerance, immune enhancement, control of different kinds of diarrhea and colon cancer etc. have been reported in human studies. Prebiotics are nondigestible food ingredients that benefit the host by selectively stimulating the growth or activity of one or a limited number of microorganisms in the colon. Work with prebiotics has been limited, only several oligosaccharides and inulin-type fructans have generated some research-based effective data. However, the common understanding about the utility of prebiotics is that they benefit our intestinal ecosystem, improve immunity and overall health. At present, claims about reduction of disease risk are only tentative and further research is needed. The combination of probiotics and prebiotics in a synbiotic has not also been studied well. This combination might improve the survival of the bacteria crossing the upper part of GIT, thereby enhancing their effect in the large bowel. In addition, their effects might be additive or even synergistic. Several research groups are evolved in India to implement the age-old system into modern practice. Fundamental research with clinical trials is there with the growth of Probiotic market in India. Present trends of research hopefully will ensure the implementation of its potentials towards the benefit of life extensively.
THE EFFECT OF HYPERLIPIDEMIC STATE ON URINE EXPRESSION OF RIFAMPICIN AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS-A PROSPECTIVE PILOT STUDY Original Article

Objectives: Rifampicin is an antibiotic that imparts an orange-red colour to the urine for a few hours after a dose. About 7% of the administered drug is excreted through the urine. This study compared the urine colour expression of rifampicin in normal and hyperlipidaemic subjects. Methods: A cohort pilot study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in which eight subjects with tuberculosis with normal lipid profiles and twelve subjects with deranged lipid profiles were given one tablet of rifampicin (450 mg) in the morning on empty stomach over one month. After one month urine samples was collected at 1,3 and 5 hours. The quantity of rifampicin in urine was estimated using a spectrophotometer. The results were analysed using SPSS version 18. Results: Twenty patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and on rifampicin 450mg were taken for this study. Their urine was analysed for concentration of rifampicin and correlated to their total cholesterol and triglycerides values. The median total cholesterol in the study group was 345.5 mg/dL whereas in control group was 145.5 mg/dL. The median triglycerides in study group was 436 mg/dL in comparison to control group 113.5 mg/dl. The mean urine concentration of rifampicin in study group at 1hr,3h and 5 h was (47.08 ±17.17),(102.5±134.57) and (63.75±38.027)mcg/dl respectively in comparison to control group (53.13±14.126),(199.38±146.2) and (215.63±164.825) mcg/dL respectively at 1,3 and 5 h. Conclusion: The study shows that hyperlipidemia may be associated with decreased level of rifampicin, leading to therapeutic failure in tuberculosis patients.
Teacher Implementation of Joint Attention Intervention in Preschool Classrooms: Fidelity and Context

Recent studies suggest that preschool teachers can improve core autism deficits. Implementation fidelity, however, has not been a focus. This study examined the ability of sixteen preschool teachers to implement strategies of a manualized communication intervention targeting the core deficit of joint attention. Before treatment, teachers in both groups used few strategies, but they demonstrated more intervention strategies during individual child and teacher play interactions than in their classrooms. After treatment, teachers in the immediate treatment group used significantly more strategies than the control group with notable differences in their use of strategies in their classrooms. Results also suggest that some strategies may be easier than others for teachers to adopt.
SHADOW IDENTIFICATION USING ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION

A novel method has been proposed for the identification of shadows in satellite images. The method is based on the use of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) for the identification of shadows in remotely sensed images. The existence of shadow regions in images has been a hindrance to image analysis and hence accurate shadow detection and removal is still a current research topic. The proposed work is a combination of the previous techniques and an object based technique. The proposed work first identifies the edges of all the objects in the scene and then each object is analyzed using ant colony optimization to determine whether it is a shadow or a foreground object. The shadow regions are detected in a finite number of steps, considering the various properties of the shadow regions.
Spatial environmental efficiency indicators in regional waste generation: a nonparametric approach

This paper computes and analyses, for the first time, environmental efficiencies in waste generation of 116 European regions in NUTS 2 level in five European countries over the period of 2008–2010. For this reason, different data envelopment analysis (DEA) model formulations are used for modeling the pollutant in the form of waste generation as a regular output and as a regular input. In the latter case, we also use the notion of eco-efficiency. The empirical findings reveal environmental inefficiencies among the regions, indicating the lack of a uniform regional environmental policy among the European countries. This finding is observed not only for regions between different countries but also among the regions within countries, implying the need for implementation of unified appropriate municipal environmental policies in waste management.
A Buffered Genetic Algorithm for Automated Branch Coverage in Software Testing

Each and every software product has to be tested for assess its quality, which is time-consuming if it is performed manually. Moreover, it is difficult to generate all possible data for finite testing set. Search based Software Testing (SBST) are used to resolve this issue by utilizing metaheuristic algorithms to automate the test data generation. Hence, an efficient test data set could be generated with minimum cost. Among many metaheuristic algorithms, Genetic Algorithm (GA) is widely used for test data generation. This research work implements GA for generating test data to execute all the branches in a program. In the literature, existing approaches for test data generation using genetic algorithms are starts with random test data and find the optimum test data for a targeted branch. Then the entire GA process will be repeated to find the test data for the next target branch and it continues for all the target branches. In this a paper, a novel GA approach with a small buffer space is proposed for automated test data generation for branch coverage. When GA is searching test data for a particular target branch heuristically, it may reach the other target branches, if so happen, then those test data will get stored into the buffer space hence it is not necessary to run GA to cover that branch. Thus the Buffered Genetic Algorithm (BGA) approach outperforms the other GA based automated test data generation approaches in terms of number of iterations and search effectiveness. The proposed approach employs control flow graph to traverse and predicate the branch coverage. Seven benchmark programs are instrumented to evaluate performance of the proposed BGA based approach.
Leaf and ecosystem response of mountain grassland gas exchange to soil water availability

The response of CO 2 and H 2 O exchange of a mountain grassland to natural fluctuations of soil water content (SWC) was evaluated during 2001–2009. The physiological response of mountain grassland species to drought was explored in a laboratory experiment. The natural occurrence of dry periods did not lead to substantial reductions in net ecosystem gas exchange. Laboratory experiments confirmed that the investigated plant species are insensitive to soil drying until very low SWCs, which never oc-curred under field conditions, are reached. The investigated mountain grassland contributes to recession in stream flow during dry periods with negative consequences for down-stream water users.
Multiphoton inner-shell ionization of the carbon atom

We apply time-dependent R-matrix theory to study inner-shell ionization of C atoms in ultra-short high-frequency light fields with a photon energy between 170 and 245 eV. At an intensity of 10$^{17}$ W/cm$^2$, ionization is dominated by single-photon emission of a $2\ell$ electron, with two-photon emission of a 1s electron accounting for about 2-3\% of all emission processes, and two-photon emission of $2\ell$ contributing about 0.5-1\%. Three-photon emission of a 1s electron is estimated to contribute about 0.01-0.03\%. Around a photon energy of 225 eV, two-photon emission of a 1s electron, leaving C$^+$ in either 1s2s2p$^3$ or 1s2p$^4$ is resonantly enhanced by intermediate 1s2s$^2$2p$^3$ states. The results demonstrate the capability of time-dependent R-matrix theory to describe inner-shell ionization processes including rearrangement of the outer electrons.