Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A novel transient power control strategy for inverters in voltage control mode

Inverters in voltage control mode including droop control and virtual synchronous generator (VSG) are promising for interconnecting the renewable energy to the grid, which are both emulating the frequency and voltage regulating functions of synchronous generators through droop method. However, improper transient impact current and reactive power output are observed for inverters in voltage control mode connected to grid in case of symmetrical grid voltage drop. In this paper, transient impact current characteristics are researched when symmetrical grid voltage drop. Furthermore, an effective control strategy is proposed with which proper transient current output and dynamic reactive power support are achieved by designing the constant virtual impedance based on power decoupling and stability, adjusting transient virtual resistance based on impact current decreasing and updating active power reference based on reactive power support. Simulation results verify the effects introduced by the proposed control strategy.
Migration of Salmonella typhimurium --harboring bone marrow--derived dendritic cells towards the chemokines CCL19 and CCL21.

Macrophages are considered as main cellular target encountered by the facultative intracellular bacterium Salmonella typhimurium. However, in orally infected mice these pathogens are first internalized by dendritic cells (DCs) that are located in the subepithelial dome of Peyer's patches. Moreover, DCs can penetrate the intestinal epithelium to sample bacteria. Here, we examined the interaction of Salmonella with bone marrow-derived DCs (BM-DCs). In order to study the role of DCs as vehicles for the dissemination of Salmonella, an in vitro model was established. In this model, Salmonella -activated BM-DCs enhanced surface expression of MHC class II and co-stimulatory molecules. We found that, upon maturation, BM-DCs upregulated chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) mRNA and surface molecule expression. Salmonella -exposed DCs as well as mature DCs, but not immature DCs, were recruited towards the CC chemokines CCL19 and CCL21, two ligands of CCR7. The maturation process of DCs did neither require bacterial internalization nor viability. About one third of the migrated BM-DCs harbored intracellular bacteria, whereas the remaining two third did not contain bacteria. Salmonella, but not an apathogenic E. coli laboratory strain was capable to survive within BM-DCs. Taken together, our data implicate that DCs are first activated and subsequently utilized as carriers by Salmonella.
ENCAPSULATION OF EGGS BY MARINE GASTROPODS: EFFECT OF VARIATION IN CAPSULE FORM ON THE VULNERABILITY OF EMBRYOS TO PREDATION

Representatives of many plant and animal taxa enclose their embryos within some form of protective structure. Inter‐ and intraspecific differences in the morphology of these egg coverings may have profound effects on the development and survival of encapsulated embryos, yet in many taxa little is known about the causes or potential consequences of this variation. Comparisons of capsule morphology among populations of the rocky shore gastropod, Nucella emarginata, revealed significant variation in the thickness of capsule walls, the only barrier separating developing embryos from the external environment. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that thicker‐walled capsules were more resistant to predation by a co‐occurring isopod, Gnorimosphaeroma oregonense, than were thinner‐walled capsules. Control experiments confirmed that these differences in vulnerability were not caused by differences in the palatability of the capsule wall or attractiveness of the capsule contents. The actual mechanism by which thick‐walled capsules differentially protect developing embryos remains unclear, although decreased vulnerability of thick‐walled capsules to these isopods may simply result from increased handling time by predators. Subtle differences in capsule morphology thus appear to have substantial effects on the survival of encapsulated embryos. Hence, predators may have played an important role in selecting for the production of thick‐walled capsules among populations of N. emarginata.
Field evaluation of colored light-emitting diodes as attractants for woodland mosquitoes and other diptera in north central Florida.

The attraction of mosquitoes to transmitted light from colored super-bright light-emitting diodes (LEDs) (100-nm bandwidth) was evaluated by comparison of capture numbers with and without carbon dioxide-baited (200 ml/min) Centers for Disease Control (CDC) traps. Traps with either colored LEDs or control lights were arranged in Latin square designs at 2 north central Florida woodland locations and checked daily during July and August 1996. When data were analyzed by species, a significant difference in attractivity of lights was found in some species. Aedes atlanticus, Aedes dupreei, Aedes infirmatus, Anopheles crucians s.l. , Culiseta melanura, Culex nigripalpus, Psorophora columbiae, and Uranotaenia sapphirina showed significant color preferences. These results will have potential for use by ecologists, epidemiologists, and mosquito control personnel for improving collection efficiency of certain species of mosquitoes.
2-Amino-4-methylpyridinium hexa-2,4-dienoate dihydrate

In the title salt, C6H9N2 +·C6H7O2 −·2H2O, the non-H atoms of the 2-amino-4-methylpyridinium cation are coplanar, with a maximum deviation of 0.010 (1) Å. In the crystal structure, the pyridinium N atom and the 2-amino group of the cation are hydrogen bonded to the carboxylate O atoms of the anion via a pair of N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming an R 2 2(8) ring motif. The sorbate anions and water molecules are linked through O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming R 10 10(28) and R 6 4(12) ring motifs. The motifs form part of a three-dimensional framework.
The Value Relevance of Regulatory Capital Components

This paper examines the value relevance of regulatory bank capital components. Using quarterly U.S. bank data from 2001 to 2015, we empirically examine the value relevance of the following capital components: i) Tier 1 capital, ii) regulatory adjustments, and iii) Tier 2 capital. Our research design relies on multiplicative regression models that mitigate shortcomings of conventional research designs. Our results show that the value relevance of components of bank capital is stable over time, and only diminishes slightly during the global financial crisis. The regulatory adjustments generally have a negative association with market returns. Additional results show that positive adjustments to bank capital, e.g. Tier 1 hybrid capital instruments, are negatively associated with market returns. On the other hand, important deductions from capital (goodwill and intangibles) are positively associated with market returns. The association of Tier 2 capital with market returns becomes strongly negative after the fall of Lehman brothers. These results reveal inconsistencies in the way regulators define regulatory capital.
Taking the next step in biobanking research infrastructures: A narrative overview

BioBanking and Molecular Resource Infrastructure in Sweden (BBMRI.se) was set up in 2009 in order to harmonise the standards and processes of biobanking. The present study is a qualitative narrative overview aimed at evaluating published studies on medical and/or biobank research infrastructure. Web of Science (WOS) and PubMed databases were searched to find studies on largescale medical research infrastructures. A total of 145 articles were found, but only merely 17 made it past the exclusion criteria. Eleven of the 17 articles listed first authors affiliated with European countries. Most of the articles discussed the need for “research infrastructures” while not addressing the subject in any detail. Consequently, this study concluded that there is a pressing need for deeper and more extensive multidisciplinary collaboration, especially on how research infrastructures are structured, managed, and branded.
Estimation of Company Survivor Using the Kaplan-Meier Analysis

This paper is devoted to the analysis of duration time by the selected non-parametric methods. In this article, the time to corporate default is modeled and the survival function is estimated. The survival analysis is used to examine the length of the time interval between two transition states that can be marked as initial and terminal events. The transition is then specified by the occurrence of an event in the observation period. This study uses survival analysis for the estimation of corporate default prediction and is based on modelling the time interval between the foundation of the company and its default. For the reason that only a proportion of companies defaulted during the observed time, censoring of observations is an important part of the analysis. In this study, the Kaplan-Meier method is used to analyse corporate data that contain censored observations. Using the survival analysis, survival and hazard functions are estimated. The results show that the typical time to failure of the selected companies vary with the selected categorical variables.
Short run profit maximization in a convex analysis framework

In this article we analyse the short run profit maximization problem in a convex analysis framework. The goal is to apply the results of convex analysis due to unique structure of microeconomic phenomena on the known short run profit maximization problem where the results from convex analysis are deductively applied. In the primal optimization model the technology in the short run is represented by the short run production function and the normalized profit function, which expresses profit in the output units, is derived. In this approach the choice variable is the labour quantity. Alternatively, technology is represented by the real variable cost function, where costs are expressed in the labour units, and the normalized profit function is derived, this time expressing profit in the labour units. The choice variable in this approach is the quantity of production. The emphasis in these two perspectives of the primal approach is given to the first order necessary conditions of both models which are the consequence of enveloping the closed convex set describing technology with its tangents. The dual model includes starting from the normalized profit function and recovering the production function, and alternatively the real variable cost function. In the first perspective of the dual approach the choice variable is the real wage, and in the second it is the real product price expressed in the labour units. It is shown that the change of variables into parameters and parameters into variables leads to both optimization models which give the same system of labour demand and product supply functions and their inverses. By deductively applying the results of convex analysis the comparative statics results are derived describing the firm's behaviour in the short run.
Interspeaker Variability in Emphatic Accent Production in French

This research aims (1) to describe the acoustic manifestations of emphatic accent in French by examining similarities and differences between four speakers; and (2) to identify, amongst the acoustic measures, those which determine the perception of emphasis. In Experiment 1, four speakers were asked to read twenty-four sentences aloud twice, first without any emphasis, and second with emphasis on a target word in the sentence. The acoustic modifications induced by emphasis production were analyzed on the target words and on their surrounding contexts, speaker by speaker. Acoustic measurements revealed that all speakers increased the contrast between the target and the contexts, by slowing down articulation on the targets, and by increasing intensity and FO on the targets relative to the adjacent syllables. FO peak was found either on the first or last syllable of the target word, and FO increase was shown to spread over the peak-bearing syllable to the whole word. Speakers' productions differed with respect to the production of pauses and the syllabic location of FO peak in the target words. In Experiment 2, the four speakers' productions were presented to listeners, who had to decide whether an emphasis had been produced or not. A stepwise regression analysis was conducted, using the acoustic measurements as independent variables and the percentage of emphasis perception as the dependent variable. The results suggest a major role of FO manifestations: Listeners were found to be sensitive to an FO increase on the first syllable of the target, relative to its value in non-emphasis condition. Listeners would be sensitive to deviations from expected FO patterns in French, and may interpret them as signaling emphatic accent.
Expression of cytokeratins 7 and 20 in primary carcinomas of the stomach and colorectum and their value in the differential diagnosis of metastatic carcinomas to the ovary.

The expressions of cytokeratin (CK) 7 and 20 have been studied in various primary and metastatic carcinomas, and their determination may help distinguish the site of origin of metastatic carcinomas. However, little is known about the factors that determine variations in their expression patterns in primary gastric and colorectal carcinomas. We investigated the expressions of CK7 and CK20 in 289 cases of gastric carcinoma and 225 cases of colorectal carcinoma using a tissue microarray. To evaluate CK7 and CK20 expression patterns of ovarian metastases from gastric or colorectal carcinomas, 54 cases of metastatic carcinomas to the ovary were examined. It was found that 71% (207 of 289) of the gastric carcinomas stained positively for CK7, whereas only 9% (21 of 225) of the colorectal carcinomas proved to be CK7 positive, and that 41% (117 of 289) of the gastric carcinomas and 73% (165 of 225) of the colorectal carcinomas were CK20 positive. The proportion of CK7+/CK20- was highest in the gastric carcinomas at 46% (132 of 289), and was independent of the histologic classification of Lauren (46% of the intestinal type, 45% of the diffuse type). The CK7 and CK20 expression patterns were different in colorectal carcinomas according to histologic grade and location of the tumor. CK7-/CK20+ had the greatest proportion (68%) in colorectal carcinomas, and this was dependent on the tumor's histologic grade (75% of low-grade versus 52% of high-grade) and location (46% of right-sided versus 76% of left-sided). Moreover, 42% (18 of 43) of gastric carcinomas metastatic to the ovary were CK7+/CK20-, whereas 19% (8 of 43) were CK7-/CK20+. All colorectal cancers metastatic to the ovary were CK7-/CK20+, except 1 case that was CK7-/CK20-. In conclusion, the CK7 and CK20 expression patterns in primary gastric carcinomas vary considerably, and those in colorectal carcinomas are associated with histologic grade and tumor location. The CK7-/CK20+ expression pattern is specific for metastatic colorectal carcinomas to the ovary, but has low predictability for colorectal origin in metastatic ovarian carcinoma.
Information Acquisition and Disclosure of Environmental Risk

Abstract Firms often invest resources in acquiring scientific evidence to evaluate the actual (more accurate) risk (i.e., the probability of occurrence) of any potential environmental hazards that might result from their own production processes and use this information in taking optimal preventive measures. In a symmetric duopoly where the acquired information about environmental risk is observed privately by the firms, I show that requiring firms to publicly report this information increases the strategic incentive of firms to invest in information acquisition. However, the net expected environmental damage of an investing firm is lower if there is no public disclosure.
Developing a questionnaire to measure nurses' attitudes towards hospitalized older people.

A number of studies have used generic measures to evaluate nurses' attitudes toward hospitalized older people. Those measures do not consider the context in which nurses meet older people and the influence that this may have on nurses' attitudes. The aims and objectives of the study were to develop a questionnaire from focus group data to evaluate nurses' attitudes towards hospitalized older people. To evaluate the psychometric properties of the questionnaire the design included a qualitative and quantitative phase. The method used for the qualitative phase was focus group interviews with the intention of identifying the phenomena that may indicate nurses' attitudes towards older people. The quantitative phase included the development and psychometric testing of an attitudinal questionnaire. Samples for the qualitative phase included Registered Nurses from the care of older people setting; Registered Nurses from the acute setting; nursing students and nurse teachers. The sample for the quantitative phase included nursing students (numbering 355). Ten themes were identified through thematic analysis. Eighty items were extrapolated from the qualitative analysis and used to formulate a questionnaire which was then distributed to the nursing students. On analysis, the reliability was 0.78. Further analysis using Principal Components Analysis (P.C.A.) with orthogonal rotation indicated that 45 items loaded on to eight factors. Results of the quantitative analysis indicated that there was a strong correlation between the thematic analysis and the P.C. A. The results would suggest that there may be important and relevant domains that are worthy of further study into nurses' attitudes towards older people. If the domains identified are useful for identifying negative attitudes towards older people, then strategies can be implemented to try and reduce negative attitudes in clinical practice.
Safety and Efficacy of Low-Dose Oral Immunotherapy for Hen's Egg Allergy in Children

Background: The minimal dose for oral immunotherapy (OIT) tolerance is unknown. We investigated the efficacy and safety of low-dose OIT with 1/32 of the volume of a whole egg. Methods: Thirty-three children (aged ≥5 years) with egg allergies confirmed by oral food challenge against 1/32 of a heated whole egg (194 mg of egg protein) were enrolled. The OIT group ingested a scrambled egg once a day. The volume was gradually increased up to a maximum of 1/32 of a heated whole egg. Egg consumption was completely absent in the control group. Results: There were no significant differences in background between the OIT and control groups. Respectively, 71% (15/21) and 0% (0/12) of the patients in the OIT and control groups exhibited sustained unresponsiveness to 1/32 of a whole egg 2 weeks after stopping OIT after 12 months (p < 0.001); 33% (7/21) and 0% (0/12; p = 0.032), respectively, showed sustained unresponsiveness to 1/2 of a whole egg. Egg white- or ovomucoid-specific IgE levels in the OIT group were significantly lower than at baseline after 12 months. Egg white- or ovomucoid-specific IgG as well as IgG4 levels in the OIT group were significantly higher than baseline levels after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Adverse allergic reactions were rare, and most symptoms were mild. Conclusions: Low-dose OIT induced sustained unresponsiveness to 1/32 and 1/2 of a whole egg, with no severe symptoms. To improve food allergies, continuous intake of small amounts of these foods may be as effective as the consumption of larger quantities.
Role of helical constraints of the EBS1–IBS1 duplex of a group II intron on demarcation of the 5′ splice site

Recognition of the 5′ splice site by group II introns involves pairing between an exon binding sequence (EBS) 1 within the ID3 stem–loop of domain 1 and a complementary sequence at the 3′ end of exon 1 (IBS1). Solution NMR is used to show that the EBS1 region is flexible in the absence of pairing with binding of IBS1, but pairing with IBS1 forms a structured 7-bp duplex that terminates at the 5′ splice site in spite of the potential for additional A-U and G•U pairs. This finding, combined with data extracted from published structures, suggests that definition of the splice site is governed by constraints of the helical geometry within the ID3 loop. This feature and flexibility of the uncomplexed ID3 loop appear to be common to both the ai5γ and O.i. introns and may help to fine-tune elements of recognition in group II introns.
Economie Development and Patenting Behaviour

The capacity of countries to take advantage of the patent system bears a relationship with their stage of development. This paper explores the relationship between economic development and domestic and foreign patenting behaviour. The study uses a unique data set covering 55 countries and 24 years. It determines the association of domestic patenting with gross domestic product per capita and openness • to trade, and the association of foreign patenting with these variables and with foreign direct investment as a
Geographic patterns of prostate cancer mortality. Evidence for a protective effect of ultraviolet radiation

Background. Prostate cancer is the most prevalent nonskin cancer among men in the United States and is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men, The cause of prostate cancer remains obscure. Recently it was hypothesized that low levels of vitamin D, a hormone with potent antitumor properties, may increase the risk for clinical prostate cancer.
Prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome in a general population.

CONTEXT Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a cause of pain, numbness, and tingling in the hands and is an important cause of work disability. Although high prevalence rates of CTS in certain occupations have been reported, little is known about its prevalence in the general population. OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of CTS in a general population. DESIGN General health mail survey sent in February 1997, inquiring about symptoms of pain, numbness, and tingling in any part of the body, followed 2 months later by clinical examination and nerve conduction testing of responders reporting symptoms in the median nerve distribution in the hands, as well as of a sample of those not reporting these symptoms (controls). SETTING A region in southern Sweden with a population of 170000. PARTICIPANTS A sex- and age-stratified sample of 3000 subjects (age range, 25-74 years) was randomly selected from the general population register and sent the survey, with a response rate of 83% (n = 2466; 46% men). Of the symptomatic responders, 81% underwent clinical examination. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Population prevalence rates, calculated as the number of symptomatic responders diagnosed on examination as having clinically certain CTS and/or electrophysiological median neuropathy divided by the total number of responders. RESULTS Of the 2466 responders, 354 reported pain, numbness, and/or tingling in the median nerve distribution in the hands (prevalence, 14.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 13.0%-15.8%). On clinical examination, 94 symptomatic subjects were diagnosed as having clinically certain CTS (prevalence, 3.8%; 95% CI, 3.1%-4.6%). Nerve conduction testing showed median neuropathy at the carpal tunnel in 120 symptomatic subjects (prevalence, 4.9%; 95% CI, 4.1%-5.8%). Sixty-six symptomatic subjects had clinically and electrophysiologically confirmed CTS (prevalence, 2.7%; 95% CI, 2.1%-3.4%). Of 125 control subjects clinically examined, electrophysiological median neuropathy was found in 23 (18.4%; 95% CI, 12.0%-26.3%). CONCLUSION Symptoms of pain, numbness, and tingling in the hands are common in the general population. Based on our data, 1 in 5 symptomatic subjects would be expected to have CTS based on clinical examination and electrophysiologic testing.