Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MAPKinase signaling and AP-1-regulated gene expression in cellular responses to DNA damage

The work presented in this thesis has focused on the role of Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) and their major downstream targets, the AP-1 transcription factors, in particular the AP-1 components ATF3, Fra1, c-Jun, ATF-2 and c-Fos. Chapter II provides information on the signaling pathways involved in the activation of ATF-2 and ATF3 in the response of primary human fibroblasts to ionizing radiation. In chapter III c-Jun and ATF3, the MAPK JNK and the MAPK-phosphatase MKP-1 are identified as important sensors of UV-induced-DNA damage in transcribed genes. Chapter IV shows that ATF3 acts as an antiapoptotic JNK target in T98G glioblastoma cells, whereas Fra1 seems to act as a proapoptotic effector of both JNK and ERK. In addition, it is shown that ATF3 and Fra1 have opposite effects on cisplatin-induced S phase arrest. Chapter V shows that Fra1 also can exhibit a pro-apoptotic function in UV-irradiated fibroblasts. Furthermore, this chapter reports an as yet unknown function of JNK: repression of the transactivating activity of c-Jun/Fos(- like) dimers, mediated via hyper-phosphorylation of the c-Jun transactivation domain. The data further emphasizes that c-Jun/Fos(-like) and c-Jun/ATF dimers and their respective target genes can exhibit opposite functions in DNA damage responses.
Bir bölge hastanesi acil servisine kuduz şüphesiyle başvuran olgularin değerlendirilmesi The evaluation of the patients who admitted to a regional hospital emergency service with suspect of rabies

Objectives: Rabies is one of the highest mortality rates infectious disease. The aim was the evaluation of the patients who admitted to The Batman Regional State Hospital Emergency Service with suspect of rabies in the dates between June 2011 and November 2011. Materials and methods: Totally, 166 cases who admitted to our center was recorded according to the following data: place of residence (rural/urban), contact type and wound information, time after the contact, whether vaccine or immunoglobulin is applied or not and also the species, breed and being owned of suspected animal. Results: Our study population consisted of a total of 166 cases including 38 women (23%), 128 men (77%) with the mean age of 22.01 ± 17.90 years. Of all subjects, 105 (63%) lived in urban and 61 (37%) lived in rural areas. Eighty-five percent of suspicious animals (51%) had an owner, while 81 animals were unattended. Conclusions: Our results showed that all admitted patients were vaccinated and the ones contacted with pets or had a surface wound were vaccinated with 3 doses. Moreover, since the 49% of our cases were contacted with animals which cannot be follow-up, our study obviously reveals that in our country deficiencies in the control of waifs still is a public health problem and increases the cost of vaccination. J Clin Exp Invest 2012; 3 (3): 383-386 OZET
Engaging young people with atypical gender identity development in therapeutic work: a developmental approach

Gender identity disorders (GID) in young people are complex and often distressing conditions. The paper starts by examining the experience of the professional worker resulting from the interaction with this group of young people and their families. This is frequently characterised by a sense of being under pressure and in danger. The view put forward is that the position of professionals often mirrors the mental state of these young people, which is described by the metaphor ‘working at the edge’. The issue of how to move to a position of safety for the young person and the professional is addressed. The paper describes a developmental model of care based on psychodynamic understanding, and distinguishes between conditions that are transient and conditions that persist during the course of development. Possible factors involved in the persistence of the ‘atypical gender identity organisation’ are considered based on Baron-Cohen's concepts of systemising and empathising. The therapeutic aims in working with these young people are revisited 10 years on from the first publication. Two contrasting cases are used to illustrate the persistence or desistence of the GID in the course of development. The paper concludes that while there is a tendency to move to provide hormonal interventions early for adolescents who are considered not amenable to change in their atypical gender identity, the integration of psychological, social and, when appropriate, hormonal interventions remains central to the provision of good standards of care.
Interactions between ICP4 and the cellular transcription machinery that mediate HSV-1 gene expression

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infected cell polypeptide 4 (ICP4) is a critical regulator of viral gene expression that is required for productive infection. ICP4 has been shown to act, depending on the promoter structure, as both an activator or repressor of viral genes. ICP4 has two broad transcriptional regulatory domains, the N-terminal domain, which exhibits both repression and transactivation, and the C-terminal domain, which is involved exclusively in transactivation. ICP4 regulates transcription through interactions between ICP4's transcriptional regulatory domains and cellular general transcription factors including components of TFIID. Although it has been shown that a region in the amino-terminus of ICP4 corresponding to aa 30-210 is necessary for appropriate transactivation and repression of viral genes, specific domains responsible for these activities remain uncharacterized. Using deletion mutants spanning this region, we show that the entire region is necessary for ICP4 function, but that loss of aa 30-142 has a greater detrimental impact on the ability of ICP4 to transactivate E and L genes. Neither deletion had a significant impact on ICP4 repression, however. The protein interactions made by ICP4 in vivo during infection were also studied. We show ICP4 forms complexes with TFIID, thus verifying previous in vitro data. Novel interactions between TFII-I and components of the Mediator complex were also identified. In addition, Mediator was found to colocalize with ICP4 starting at early and continuing into late times of infection. Mediator was also recruited to viral promoters in an ICP4-dependent manner, showing a direct role for Mediator in ICP4-mediated transcription. Together, the data show that ICP4 regulates transcription through interactions between its complex regulatory domains and a diverse set of cellular protein complexes, including components of the basal transcription machinery and coactivator complexes.
The Carbapenems Issue

The development of antibiotics remains one of the great advances in medicine. Antibiotics have saved countless lives. Unfortunately, the widespread use of antimicrobials has led to the development of antimicrobial resistance. Antibiotic resistance is an important concern for public health; it is associated with poor outcomes. Carbapenems, members of the β-lactam class of antibiotics, have the broadest spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Carbapenem resistance is one of the toughest challenges in infectious diseases; it is associated with high mortality and is seen more often now due to the proliferation of multi-drug resistant bacteria. Multiple genes that cause carbapenem resistance have been identified. Resistance transmission is usually nosocomial, but community-acquired infections with resistance have been reported. Early recognition of high risk patients for multi-drug resistant infections is fundamental for adequate management. The rational use of antibiotics is required to prevent the spread of antimicrobial resistance; this requires multidisciplinary efforts among clinicians, Infection Control departments, and Antimicrobial Stewardship programs.
Book Review

Andrea Smith’s Conquest: Sexual Violence an American Indian Genocide is a complex narrative that is centered on advocacy, global mobilization, violence, reproduction rights, environmental injustice, accountability, and reparations. The emphasis is on feminism, specifically Native women and their struggles within their own communities that can be directly linked to “the process of colonization, sexual violence, dehumanization and marginalizing” (xvii). The foreword by Winona LaDuke and the introduction are the outline for the book. The analysis is that Indian people are oppressed through colonization, racism, and discrimination by the dominant society using sexual violence as a tool. Smith attempts to eradicate the limitations we have put on conceptualizing sexual and gender violence by taking a holistic approach in understanding its connection with patriarchy, assimilation, and genocide. In Chapter 1, Smith defines Native women and women of color in general as “rapable” (p. 10). More importantly, she provides historical evidence of rape as a means of control used by white colonizers. By combining torture, mutilation, rape, and murder, it reinforced subjugation. Furthermore, this legacy can be seen in the statistics that show women of color are more likely to be victims of sexual assault, sexual violence, and human trafficking compared to white women (Australia Bureau of Statistics, 2015). In Chapter 2, Smith examines the role government-mandated boarding schools played in Native communities to further colonize or “civilize” children. These institutions perpetuated social control, patriarchy, sexual violence, psychological abuse, among other abuses (i.e., sterilization) that have been internalized by generations of Indian people. Furthermore, boarding school survivors have been marginalized due to the lack of accountability on the part of the United States government and churches. Subsequently, families were removed from their land and as a result, cultural and spiritual traditions were destroyed. Instead of taking a separatist view, Smith asserts that Native people and African Americans should be united in their efforts to receive reparations for what is owed to them. Most important, acts of genocide, slavery, and relocation to reservations are direct violations of their human rights. Environmental injustice and destruction of Indian land are regarded as another form of rape. For example, Aboriginals, Eskimos, Islanders in Hawaii, and Natives in Canada
Strategic Innovation in Small Firms: An International Analysis of Innovation and Strategic Decision Making in Small to Medium Sized Enterprises, edited by Tim Mazzarol and Sophie Reboud

Authors commonly make the claim that their book is useful to practitioners, researchers, and policymakers alike. This book certainly lives up to the claim. Providing an extensive data analysis of 567 cases of innovation commercialization practices of small to medium-sized firms the book is a must-have for the educated owner-manager of an SME that is engaged in innovation or is seeking to commercialize a new product or service. It will be a valuable resource for academic researchers and PhD students because of the breadth of conceptual frameworks and quantitative data presented. Finally, policymakers will find it invaluable as it provides both an assessment of the current state of National Innovation Systems and suggestions for the type of additional government support that is needed to improve the innovation behavior of small firms with insight from nine OECD countries (Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, New Zealand, Spain, Switzerland, and the United States). Although not “dumbed down” for the masses, marketing practitioners will comfortably follow this book with its many graphs, tables, and illustrations. The book combines the delivery of high-level educational value through a practical summary of key aspects of strategic management and the management of innovation in small firms, with the delivery of informational value through detailed analysis of country-specific and cross-country research findings. Chapters 1 and 2 provide an introduction to the process of strategic innovation in small firms and familiarize the reader with national innovation systems. Then chapter 3 provides an overview of the survey of firm managers across all countries and cases. Chapters 4 to 13 provide country or case-specific results and discussion, followed by chapter 14 that not only presents conclusions but also illustrates a model of strategic innovation management based on the outcomes of this work. Whereas most books on this subject have concentrated on the innovation of products (commonly high technology products) and service (Ács and Audretsch 1991; Van Wulfen 2011; Thomas, Miller, and Murphy 2011), this book defines and examines innovation much more broadly. The authors
BOOK REVIEWS

Abstract MINDFULNESS AND ACCEPTANCE: EXPANDING THE COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL TRADITION. Hayes, S. C. , Follette, V. M. , and Linehan, M. M. (2004). New York: Guilford Press. 319 pages. ISBN 1-59385-066-1. List price: $36.00 (Hardcover). Reviewed by Casey O'Donnell and Joan M. Cook. BULLYING, PEER HARASSMENT, AND VICTIMIZATION IN THE SCHOOLS: THE NEXT GENERATION OF PREVENTION. Elias, M. J. and Zins, J. E. (Eds) (2004). Binghamton, NY: The Haworth Press, Inc. 205 pages. ISBN 0-7890-222-9X. List price: $30.00 (Paper back). Reviewed by Deborah Roth Ledley. REBUILDING ATTACHMENTS WITH TRAUMATIZED CHILDREN: HEALINGFROM LOSSES, VIOLENCE, ABUSE, ANDNEG-LECT. Kagan, R. (2004). New York: Hawthorn Press, Inc. 374 pages. ISBN 0-7890-1543-9. List price: $39.95. Reviewed by Lisa DeMarni Cromer. MOTHER-DAUGHTER INCEST: A GUIDE FOR HELPING PROFESSIONALS. Ogilvie, B. A. (2004). Binghamton, NY: The Haworth Press, Inc. 201 pages. ISBN 0-7890-0916-1. List price: $34.95 (Hardcover). Reviewed by Anne E. Reckling
Suitability-sensitivity analysis of nature-based tourism using geographic information systems and analytic hierarchy process

ABSTRACT Evaluation and identification of nature-based tourism (NBT) destinations is not a new practice; however, evaluating the variability of various inputs in the identification of NBT destinations have only recently gained special attention. This study highlights the importance of conducting sensitivity analysis of criteria weights in mapping NBT areas in the state of West Virginia. As an extension to the study by Dhami, Deng, Burns, and Pierskalla (2014, Identifying and mapping forest-based ecotourism areas in West Virginia incorporating visitors’ preferences. Tourism Management, 42, 165–176) who examined and mapped NBT areas in West Virginia by incorporating visitors’ perceptions as criteria weights into a spatial suitability model, this study focuses on how sensitive NBT areas are to the variations of visitors’ and ecotourism experts’ perceptions of selected criteria (i.e. remoteness, slope, vegetation, wildlife, mining, and logging) using a simple one-at-a-time method. Results indicate that visitors and ecotourism experts perceived the criteria in a similar manner with the presence of vegetation and remoteness being ranked as the most important criteria for NBT areas. The results also show that about one-third of West Virginia is highly suitable and least sensitive to variations in criteria weights, and therefore suitable for a wide range of NBT tourists, irrespective of their preferences for the selected NBT criteria. Research implications and limitations are discussed.
Effect of coenzyme Q10 as an antioxidant in β‐thalassemia/Hb E patients

Thalassemia is a group of genetic disorders resulting from different mutations in the globin gene complex and leading to an imbalance in globin synthesis. Unmatched globin chains are less stable and susceptible to oxidation. Patients with β‐thalassemia/HbE are prone to increased oxidative stress as indicated by increased lipid peroxidation product, malondialdehyde (MDA), partly because of the presence of iron in the form of heme and hemichromes released from excess globin chains and excess iron deposition in various tissues. The level of antioxidant such as glutathione is markedly decreased while activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) are increased. We have recently found that the levels of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) are also very low in thalassemia. We therefore evaluated the oxidative stress and the antioxidants in these patients before and after supplementation with 100 mg CoQ10 daily for 6 months. The results showed that the plasma level of CoQ10 significantly increased and the oxidative stress decreased as the level of MDA declined. The administration of CoQ10 led to significant improvement of biochemical parameters of antioxidant enzymes. The antioxidant supplementation will be beneficial for thalassemia patients as adjunct therapy to increase their quality of life.
Listening Publics

According to Kate Lacey’s new book, Listening Publics: The Politics and Experience of Listening in the Media Age, listening has become a forgotten area of study in the field of communications. And for Lacey, this lapse in the understanding of listening has had far reaching consequences. Lacey’s central argument is that listening is currently viewed as a passive activity within the communication field. According to Lacey, characteristics of passive listening include little concentration, lack of involvement, and a sense of indifference towards political action. The evidence she gathers to support her conclusions come primarily through historical research. In fact the majority of the text focuses on the development of privatized listening habits of societies over the first half of the twentieth century. It is these privatized listening habits that influenced the early broadcasters of radio, who then began the paradigm shift in how listening is considered. Lacey’s analysis shows that as radio developed, society began viewing it as a primary way to communicate. Because of this, new communication techniques needed to be created. Soon the public’s demand for radio increased, and radio became more commonplace. As radio became more commonplace, the listening habits of the public began to change. As radio became more affordable, it began to be marketed more for private use in the home. Thus, listening began to be viewed as more of a ‘‘private’’ activity, where an individual would be in control over what she or he listened to. This ability to make personal choices became very important. Lacey (2013) states, ‘‘The dominant trend through this history was towards the privatization and individualization of the listening public via the technological and textual inscription of an idealized
Le Message Affrent Auditif Est-Il Modul par le Cortex?

An eventual modulation of the afferent auditory message by the cortex is the subject of this study. To test this hypothesis, clicks (10 Hz, 100 µs) of white noise of 40 and 70 dB Hl were sent alternatively into the ears of normally hearing volunteers, while the brainstem evoked potentials were recorded. The subjects were asked to focus or relax their attention on one or other ear. Thirty subjects aged less than 25 years (15 men and 15 women) with normal hearing level, were split into two groups. The first group was asked to focus first on the more strongly stimulated ear (70 dB), the second group on the more weakly stimulated one (40 dB). Each subject received (1) without any instruction about attention: 40 dB on the left ear (L), 70 dB on the right ear (R); 40 dB then 70 dB bilateral; (2) 2 runs with 40 dB on the L and 70 dB on the R focussing on the most or less strongly stimulated ear; (3) a run without instruction with 70 dB on the L and 40 dB on the R, and (4) two runs with 70 dB on the L and 40 dB o.
Confidence Factor?

Eurocode 8 Part 3 (EC8-3) is devoted to assessment and retrofitting of existing buildings. In order to take into account the uncertainty in the knowledge of structural properties, EC8-3 defines, analogously to the ordinary material partial factors, an adjustment factor, called “confidence factor (CF),” whose value depends on the level of knowledge (KL) of properties such as geometry, reinforcement layout and detailing, and materials. This solution is plausible from a logical point of view but it cannot yet profit from the experience of its use in practice, hence it needs to be substantiated by a higher level probabilistic analysis accounting for and propagating epistemic uncertainty (i.e., incomplete knowledge of a structure) throughout the seismic assessment procedure. This article investigates the soundness of the format proposed in EC8-3. The approach taken rests on the simulation of the entire assessment procedure and the evaluation of the distribution of the assessment results (distance from the limit state of interest) conditional on the acquired knowledge. Based on this distribution, a criterion is employed to calibrate the CF values. The obtained values are then critically examined and compared with code-specified ones. The results pinpoint a number of deficiencies that appear to somewhat invalidate the approach. The methodological significance of the work extends beyond the assessment procedure in EC8-3, since similar factors appear in other international guidelines (e.g., the knowledge factor of FEMA356).
Utility of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Lung Adenocarcinoma with Extensive Necrosis: a Case Report

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. As prognosis of lung cancer improves significantly with detection in early stages, timely diagnosis and accurate assessment of disease extent is critical (1). Imaging studies play a critical role in diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. Computed tomography (CT) and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT, have been mainstays for lung cancer staging and evaluation of treatment response (2-4). However, it is not always capable of distinguishing lung cancer from other lung abnormalities such as pneumonia, benign hypervascular tumors, or granulomas with these modalities. In such cases, there have been several reports that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may provide added value in diagnosing lung cancer (4, 5). With recent technical advances, MRI was introduced as an emerging modality for This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Received: September 11, 2018 Revised: October 26, 2018 Accepted: October 30, 2018
Reviews Section

† Carol DYHOUSE, Glamour: Women, History, Feminism (Zed Books, 2010) 230 pp. £19.99, ISBN 978-1-84813-4072 (hbk) † Johanna KANTOLA, Gender and the European Union (Palgrave Macmillan, 2010) 270 pp. £22.99, ISBN 978-0-23054-2334 (pbk) † Catherine REDFERN and Kristin AUNE, Reclaiming the F Word: The New Feminist Movement (Zed Books, 2010) 282 pp. £12.00, ISBN 978-1-84813-3952 (pbk) † Sonya O. ROSE, What Is Gender History? (Polity, 2010) 157 pp. £13.99, ISBN 978-2-74564-6152 (pbk)