Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple sclerosis related fatigue

Ischaemic and haemorrhagic strokes may have a common pathogenesis The risk of intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is increased in patients with ischaemic cerebrovascular disease and vice versa.1 Risk factors shared by both stroke subtypes, such as hypertension, age, and smoking, partly explain this observation. While some researchers stress that most ischaemic stroke subtypes have similar risk factor profiles, one can go further and claim that most strokes (ischaemic and haemorrhagic) are the result of a common final pathway: arterial wall damage with accumulation of abnormal cells and proteins, inflammation, molecular changes, and eventual breakdown of the intima and media. Hypertensive cerebral arteriolopathy and cerebral amyloid angiopathy are examples where ischaemic and haemorrhagic brain damage frequently coexist. Leukoaraiosis and microbleeds may both be markers of a single disease process …
Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa

Background: To report the morphological macular findings detected by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to determine their prevalence in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Methods: SD-OCT scans of 176 eyes from 90 patients affected by RP were reviewed. A careful evaluation was carried out on photoreceptor inner/outer segment (IS/OS) junction, external limiting membrane (ELM), inner limiting membrane thickening (ILMT), epiretinal membranes (ERMs), retinal micropseudocysts (MPCs), cystoid macular edema (CME), macular holes (MHs) and choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Results: The photoreceptor IS/OS junction was absent in the foveal region of 24 eyes (13.6%) and disrupted in 84 eyes (47.7%). The ELM was absent in 24 eyes (13.6%), whereas the ILMT was found in 118 eyes (67%). The presence of an ERM was detected in 48 eyes (27.3%). Some sort of vitreomacular alteration (ILMT and/or ERM) was identifiable in a total of 94.3% of eyes with RP. The presence of MPCs was detected in 32 eyes (18.2%). An evident CME was found in 22 eyes (12.5%). We also found MHs in 8 eyes (4.5%) and CNV in 3 eyes (1.7%). Conclusions: Our data indicate that RP is associated with alterations of many retinal layers. In particular, the vitreoretinal interface is affected in 94% of patients, and MPC can be identified in 18% of eyes. SD-OCT may contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism involved in RP.
Cancer Mortality Risks from Long-term Exposure to Ambient Fine Particle

Background: Few studies have assessed long-term effects of particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) on mortality for causes of cancer other than the lung; we assessed the effects on multiple causes. In Hong Kong, most people live and work in urban or suburban areas with high-rise buildings. This facilitates the estimation of PM2.5 exposure of individuals, taking into account the height of residence above ground level for assessment of the long-term health effects with sufficient statistical power. Methods: We recruited 66,820 persons who were ≥65 in 1998 to 2001 and followed up for mortality outcomes until 2011. Annual concentrations of PM at their residential addresses were estimated using PM2.5 concentrations measured at fixed-site monitors, horizontal–vertical locations, and satellite data. We used Cox regression model to assess the HR of mortality for cancer per 10 μg/m3 increase of PM2.5. Results: PM2.5 was associated with increased risk of mortality for all causes of cancer [HR, 1.22 (95% CI, 1.11–1.34)] and for specific cause of cancer in upper digestive tract [1.42 (1.06–1.89)], digestive accessory organs [1.35 (1.06–1.71)] in all subjects; breast [1.80 (1.26–2.55)] in females; and lung [1.36 (1.05–1.77)] in males. Conclusions: Long-term exposures to PM2.5 are associated with elevated risks of cancer in various organs. Impact: This study is particularly timely in China, where compelling evidence is needed to support the pollution control policy to ameliorate the health damages associated with economic growth. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(5); 839–45. ©2016 AACR.
A Mammalian Homolog of Fission Yeast Cdc5 Regulates G2 Progression and Mitotic Entry*

Progression through G2/M of the mammalian cell division cycle requires the coordinated expression of many gene products, but little is known of the transcriptional regulators involved. Schizosaccharomyces pombe Cdc5 is a putative transcription factor implicated in G2/M transit. We recently identified a cDNA encoding a putative human transcription factor, now designated human Cdc5 (hCdc5), with homology to S. pombeCdc5. Widespread expression of hCdc5 in human tissues and homology with expressed sequences in other eukaryotes suggested an evolutionarily conserved general function. Nuclear import of hCdc5 upon serum stimulation of mammalian cells suggested a possible role in cell proliferation. We now report that overexpression of hCdc5 in mammalian cells shortened G2 and reduced cell size. A dominant negative mutant of hCdc5 lacking the carboxyl-terminal activation domain slowed G2 progression and delayed entry into mitosis. Thus, hCdc5 is the first transcriptional regulator shown to affect G2 progression and mitotic entry in mammalian cells.
Réétalonnage de la version pré-scolaire du test des concepts de Boehm. Application à une cohorte de 7 enfants sourds

Alors que la comprehension des enfants est toujours percue comme efficace par les parents, nous nous interrogeons sur son evaluation. Comment comprenons-nous, comment evaluer cette comprehension et que doit-on comprendre pour reussir les premieres annees de scolarite ? Si le test des concepts de Boehm vient repondre a cette derniere question, son etalonnage date des annees 1987-88. Nous nous sommes donc proposes de le reetalonner sur 346 enfants scolarises en maternelle publique. Nos resultats montrent que les enfants de 3 a 5 ans, reussissent mieux ce test qu’il y a 25 ans de 1,2 a 4,6 points supplementaires. Nous avons egalement remarque que les ecart-types etaient moins importants que dans l’etalonnage de 87-88. Enfin, nous avons montre que le test n’etait plus sensible pour les enfants de 5 ans. En ce qui concerne les enfants sourds, le test permet d’estimer leurs connaissances. Pourtant, leurs resultats ne sont pas comparables a ceux des enfants normo-entendants. En effet, les nombreuses adaptations indispensables pour s’assurer que le message est percu, ne permettent plus de prendre en compte l’etalonnage donne. Toutefois, cette etude nous a montre combien il etait necessaire de penser a creer des tests etalonnes pour une population d’enfants sourds meme si l’entreprise est difficile. De plus, nos reflexions nous ont amene a penser que le test n’etait plus adapte au niveau langagier et aux competences des enfants et qu’il fallait modifier les items et le vocabulaire. C’est d’ailleurs ce que propose la version 3 Maternelle dont nous avons eu connaissance tardivement.
Optimal Frequency of Changing Intravenous Administration Sets: Is It Safe to Prolong Use Beyond 72 Hours?

REFERENCES 1. Wallace RJ. Recent changes in taxonomy and disease manifestations of the rapidly growing Mycobacteria. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1994;13:953-960. 2. Wallace RJ, Brown BA, Silcox VA, Tsukamura M, Nash DR, Steele LC, et al. Clinical disease, drug susceptibility, and biochemical patterns of the unnamed third biovariant complex of Mycobacterium fortuitum. J Infect Dis 1991;163:598£03. 3. Band JD, Ward JI, Fraser W, Peterson NJ, Silcox VA, Good RC, et al. Peritonitis due to a Mycobacterium chelonae-like organism associated with intermittent chronic peritoneal dialysis. J Infect Dis 1982;145:9-17.
An Efficient Cluster Management Protocol using GPS Based Geographic Clustering with Surrogate Cluster-heads for a Large Ad hoc Network

We believe that it is not a trivial job to maintain and manage clusters in a highly mobile ad hoc scenario where host mobility and changes in node activity status causes frequent and unpredictable topological changes. It requires continuous and efficient management protocol for frequent up-dation and re-clustering which are costly in a resource-poor environment. This maintenance process may even degrade the performance of the network as a whole. In this context, we describe a convenient cluster management protocol that incurs very little communication overhead for maintaining a stable cluster structure. Our protocol defines a geographical boundary for each cluster using GPS information that enables the mobile nodes to get alarmed while crossing the cluster boundary and generate timely cluster bind requests. Here a cluster-head is also free to leave its cluster after delegating the leadership to any member-node. This member-node now will act as a surrogate cluster-head of the cluster. The simulation results indicate that this mechanism reduces as much as 30% of the overhead traffics involved in cluster maintenance Thus the network performance metrics such as throughput and delay that are tightly coupled with the overhead of cluster management will get improved.
A review of flight-initiation distances and their application to managing disturbance to Australian birds

Abstract Disturbance—the response of birds to a stimulus such as the presence of a person—is considered a conservation threat for some Australian birds. The distance at which a bird flees from perceived danger is defined as the flight-initiation distance (FID), and could be used to designate separation distances between birds and stimuli that might cause disturbance. We review the known FIDs for Australian birds, and report FIDs for 250 species. Most FIDs are from south-eastern Australia, and almost all refer to a single walker as the stimulus. Several prominent factors correlated with FID are discussed (e.g. body mass and the distance at which an approach begins). FIDs have not been used extensively in the management of disturbance, for a variety of reasons including lack and inaccessibility of available data. We call for standardised data collection and greater application of available data to the management of disturbance.
Active Food Packaging Technologies

Active packaging technologies offer new opportunities for the food industry, in the preservation of foods. Important active packaging systems currently known to date, including oxygen scavengers, carbon dioxide emitters/absorbers, moisture absorbers, ethylene absorbers, ethanol emitters, flavor releasing/absorbing systems, time-temperature indicators, and antimicrobial containing films, are reviewed. The principle of operation of each active system is briefly explained. Recent technological advances in active packaging are discussed, and food related applications are presented. The effects of active packaging systems on food quality and safety are cited.
The evolution of parasite manipulation of host behaviour: a theoretical analysis

SUMMARY Parasite-induced modifications of host behaviour are known from a wide range of host-parasite associations. In many cases, these behavioural changes are thought to be adaptive and. benefit the parasite by increasing its probability of successful transmission. However, in many cases, energy spent on host manipulation will not be available for other functions, such as growth. These trade-offs suggest that in the absence of other constraints, natural selection will optimize, and not maximize, the influence of parasites on host behaviour. This argument is developed and expanded into theoretical considerations of the evolution of host behaviour manipulation by parasites. Among populations of the same parasite species or among closely-related species, the optimal investment into manipulation, or optimal manipulative effort (ME*), of individual parasites is predicted to increase as (1) typical infrapopulation size decreases, (2) prevalence increases, (3) the longevity of the infected host, or of the parasite in its host, decreases, (4) passive transmission rates decrease, and (5) parasite fecundity decreases. This evolutionary analysis indicates that ecological and life history variables may have played an important role in the evolution of manipulation of host behaviour by parasites.
Sperm competition games: sperm size and number under gametic control

This paper examines sperm competition games in which both size and number of gametes in an ejaculate can be varied strategically, but under the control of the haploid sperm . It is a companion to the previous paper (Parker (Proc .R. Soc. Lond. B 253, 245 (1993))) for the case where the strategic control is by the diploid parent. Under haploid control, the optimal balance between size and number of sperm in an ejaculate becomes quite different from that predicted for diploid control; there is a conflict between parental and gametic interests over sperm size and number. This occurs because both intra-ejaculate and inter-ejaculate sperm competition are present with haploid control, whereas intra-ejaculate competition is absent under diploid control. The magnitude of this conflict is affected by the risk of inter-ejaculate sperm competition, and by the fact that gametic interests depend on the nature of available mutations. If ejaculate expenditure trade off against number of matings achieved, with haploid control there is escalation towards maximal expenditure on the ejaculate. If the ejaculate expenditure is fixed by the diploid parent, but there is a size-number trade-off under haploid control, solution depend on the mode of action of the mutation affecting sperm size or number. If mutant-bearing sperm deviate entirely at the expense of non-mutant sperm, any increase in size or number will spread. If mutant sperm deviate entirely at their own expense, the evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) is the same as for diploid control: there is no conflict. If mutant and non-mutant sperm compete for limited resources, the ESS depends on the type of mutation: (i) mutations affecting sperm size give very large sperm, decreasing as inter-ejaculate sperm competition increases; (ii) mutations affecting sperm number give very small sperm, increasing as inter-ejaculate sperm competition increases. Conflict between diploid and haploid expression is reduced by inter-ejaculate sperm competition, but is not lost, even under maximum competition. We suggest that size and other morphological variation of sperm may sometimes reflect the result of conflict between different mutational types under haploid expression, and their conflict with diploid expression.
Microbiological consequences of indoor composting.

Recycling of organic waste appeals to more and more people. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological contamination around organic waste bins at three distances over a 12-month period. Contamination near the customary trash of control households was evaluated at the beginning to ensure that there is no recruitment bias. Air samples using the MAS 100 impactor were carried out in 38 dwellings that do household waste composting and in 10 dwellings of controls. Collection of particles by CIP 10 rotating cup sampler and dust samples collected by electrostatic dust collector cloths were acquired in dwellings that do household waste composting. Samples were analyzed by culture and by real-time quantitative PCR. Information about dwelling characteristics and inhabitant practices was obtained by a standardized questionnaire. The genera most often isolated were Penicillium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium and Streptomyces. Near the organic waste bins, bioaerosol samples showed an increase of Acarus siro (P = 0.001). Sedimented dust analyses highlighted an increase of A. siro, Wallemia sebi, Aspergillus versicolor, and Cladosporium sphaerospermum concentrations after a 12-month survey compared to the beginning. Composting favors microorganism development over time, but does not seem to have an effect on the bioaerosol levels and the surface microbiota beyond 0.5 m from the waste bin.
Distribution of cytokeratin markers in Barrett's specialized columnar epithelium.

BACKGROUND & AIMS The cell of origin for Barrett's epithelium is unknown. A multilayered epithelium within Barrett's epithelium has been noted recently. To investigate the hypothesis that this multilayered epithelium may be a transitional stage between squamous and Barrett's epithelium, cytokeratin immunocytochemistry was used to examine normal squamous, Barrett's, and multilayered epithelium. METHODS Seventeen endoscopic biopsy specimens taken from the squamo-Barrett's junction of 8 patients with Barrett's epithelium and 3 biopsy specimens from the gastroesophageal junction of 3 patients without Barrett's epithelium were investigated. Antibodies to cytokeratins 4 and 13 were used as markers for squamous differentiation, and antibodies to cytokeratins 8 and 19 were used as markers for glandular differentiation. Coded samples were evaluated by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS In patients with Barrett's epithelium and control patients, staining with columnar markers was confined to either the Barrett's or the gastric columnar epithelium. Staining with squamous markers was confined to the adjacent squamous epithelium. In contrast, focal areas of multilayered epithelium amidst Barrett's epithelium stained with cytokeratin antibodies for both squamous and columnar epithelium. CONCLUSIONS A focal multilayered epithelium within Barrett's epithelium that expresses concurrently both squamous and glandular cytokeratin markers is described. These findings suggest a multipotential cell as the cell of origin of Barrett's epithelium.
Posturale Kontrolle – Grundlagen

Zusammenfassung Die Kontrolle des Gleichgewichts gehört mit zu den faszinierendsten Fähigkeiten des Menschen. Das „Gleichgewichtssystem“ hat die Aufgabe, die Kontrolle des Schwerpunkts innerhalb der Unterstützungsfläche zu gewährleisten. Nahezu alle menschlichen Bewegungen beinhalten diese Anforderung. Im Stehen besteht eine der großen Herausforderungen darin, den relativ hoch gelegenen Körperschwerpunkt über der relativ kleinen Unterstützungsfläche (Füße) zu kontrollieren. Dieses „System“ ist derart flexibel, dass es die Kontrolle des Körperschwerpunkts in einer beinahe unendlichen Fülle von Aufgabenstellungen und Umweltsituationen erlernen bzw. gewährleisten kann.
Kinematics and trajectory planning of a supporting medical manipulator for vascular interventional surgery

Conventional vascular interventional surgery (VIS) is performed under fluoroscopic guidance by surgeons. In order to reduce X-ray irradiation to the interventional radiologists, catheter operating systems have been developed to assist surgeons. This paper proposed an active supporting medical manipulator, which can neatly adjust and accurately position the catheter operating system. Forward kinematics and inverse kinematics were solved based on kinematics analysis. Quintic polynomial interpolation was adopted in trajectory planning for smooth motion of manipulator. The kinematics and trajectory planning were validated by simulations. Based on kinematics solutions and trajectory planning, experiment showed that the supporting medical manipulator run smoothly and positioned the catheter operating system accurately, which is essential to the safety of medical robot.
Neuroendocrine responses to single doses of buspirone in obsessive‐compulsive disorder

Prolactin and cortisol responses to buspirone, a partial serotonin agonist with effects on the 5-HT 1A, receptor, were measured in 16 patients with DSM-III-R obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and 16 normal controls. No consistent differences were observed between patients and controls with respect to the hormone responses measured. The results suggest that dysfunction of the 5-HT 1A receptor is not present in OCD patients. The limitations of buspirone as a specific agonist challenge of the 5-HT 1A receptor are discussed. Although data from other studies generally support a serotonin dysfunction in OCD, the question of which specific subtype(s) of receptor remains unanswered.
Mechanisms of cytoskeletal regulation: Functional and antigenic diversity in human erythrocyte and brain beta spectrin

A study of human erythrocyte and brain spectrin with particular emphasis on the beta subunits revealed a structural homology but functional dissimilarity between these two molecules. Six monoclonal antibodies raised to human erythrocyte beta spectrin identify three of the four proteolytically defined domains of erythrocyte beta spectrin. Five of these monoclonal antibodies cross‐react with human brain spectrin. None of a previously identified set of alpha erythrocyte spectrin monoclonal antibodies [Yurchenco et al: J Biol Chem 257:9102, 1982] reacted with brain spectrin. A domain map generated by limited tryptic digestion shows that brain spectrin is composed of proteolytically resistant domains analogous to erythrocyte spectrin, but the brain protein is more basic. The binding of brain spectrin to erythrocyte ankyrin, both in solution and on erythrocyte IOVs, yielded an association constant approximately 100 times weaker than for erythrocyte spectrin. The binding of azido‐calmodulin under native conditions was specific for the erythrocyte beta subunit but was not calcium dependent. In contrast, azido‐calmodulin bound only to the alpha subunit of brain spectrin in a calcium‐dependent manner. The similarity of structure but modified functional character‐istics of the brain and erythrocyte beta spectrins suggest that these proteins serve different cellular roles.
Étude de la nucléophosmine, nouvelle protéine associée à p38 MAPK, dans la réponse des cellules endothéliales à un stress oxydant aigu

Le compartiment microvasculaire est une cible importante du stress oxydant qui est un facteur majeur de la dysfonction endotheliale, notamment au cours d'exposition aux rayonnements ionisants. L'alteration de l'endothelium induite par le stress oxydant est impliquee dans la toxicite radio-induite des tissus sains. Limiter les dysfonctions endotheliales est donc un enjeu important des traitements radiotherapeutiques actuels. Cet objectif necessite une meilleure caracterisation de la signalisation du stress oxydant dans les cellules endotheliales. La voie p38 MAPK est incontournable dans la reponse au stress oxydant mais reste encore insuffisamment caracterisee. Par une approche proteomique, nous avons identifie la nucleophosmine (NPM) comme nouveau partenaire de p38 dans le cytoplasme des cellules endotheliales. La phosphatase PP2a est aussi associee a ce complexe NPM/p38. Nos travaux montrent que le stress oxydant (H2O2, 500μM) regule la dephosphorylation de NPM via PP2a, entraine sa dissociation rapide du complexe et favorise sa translocation vers le noyau. De plus, nous montrons que la presence de NPM dephosphorylee au noyau altere la reponse des cellules aux dommages a l'ADN induits par le stress oxydant. Le ceramide sphingolipide membranaire est egalement un facteur important des voies de stress, particulierement dans les cellules endotheliales. Notre etude aborde donc l'implication de ce sphingolipide dans la regulation de la voie NPM/p38. Une meilleure caracterisation de la voie p38 et de ses acteurs permettra d'identifier de potentielles cibles afin de limiter les dysfonctions endotheliales et leurs consequences deleteres sur les tissus environnants.
Scenarios and Analysis for Introducing IPv6 into ISP Networks

This document describes different scenarios for the introduction of IPv6 into an ISP's existing IPv4 network without disrupting the IPv4 service. The scenarios for introducing IPv6 are analyzed, and the relevance of already defined transition mechanisms are evaluated. Known challenges are also identified. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
Calcium deficiency: where does the diagnostic criterion come from and by what is bone health influenced?

DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20142327 Depirtment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China (Fang AP and Li KJ) Correspondence to: Prof. LI Keji, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China (Tel & Fax: 86-1082802899. Email: li.keji@163.com) Editorial