Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of INM on quality of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) under teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) based agroforestry system

The investigation on ‘Effect of INM (Integrated Nitrogen Management) on quality of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) under Teak based agroforestry system was conducted during summer season in the years of 2019 and 2020, at College Farm (Block-A, Plot No-21), N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India. The trial was framed with eleven different treatments comprised of combinations of vermicompost, neem cake and chemical fertilizers in various proportions i.e. 25 per cent, 50 per cent, 75 per cent and 100 per cent of recommend does of nitrogen in the form of organic and inorganic fertilizers under teak plantation and open condition in Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of three replications. The result showed that quality parameters viz., nitrogen (2.44%) and protein content (15.25%) in fruit of okra recorded maximum in T6: 50% RDN through Neem coated urea + 50% RDN through Vermicompost under teak based agroforestry system. However, the lowest nitrogen (2.23%) and protein content (13.94%) of okra fruit were recorded in T9: 100% RDN through Neem cake under teak based agroforestry system. While, crude fiber content of okra fruit was not significantly influenced by different INM treatments. However, INM treatments exhibited superior value regarding quality parameters as compared to the treatments receiving recommended dose of fertilizers through chemicals.
Seed Removal Rates in Forest Remnants Respond to Forest Loss at the Landscape Scale

Seed removal is a key component of seed dispersal and may be influenced by both landscape-scale and local attributes, and it has been used as an indicator of the intensity of interactions between ecosystem components. We examined how the seed removal rates, which integrate the activity of seed dispersers and seed predators, vary with landscape-scale forest cover. We collected data under 34 trees belonging to two zoochoric species (Helicostylis tomentosa (Poepp. and Endl.) J. F. Macbr. and Inga vera Willd. ) in 17 remnants in the Brazilian Atlantic forest, with different percentages of forest cover. The seed removal rate was estimated using a fast method based on the abundance of intact fruits and fruit scraps on the ground. The amount of forest cover affected the rate of seed removal in a humpbacked shape, with a maximum seed removal rate at intermediate forest cover. Seed removal rates must be related to the amount of food resources offered and diversity of dispersers and predators in the region. In landscapes with intermediate forest amount, there is a better balance between supply and demand for fruits, leading to a higher seed removal rate than more deforested or forested landscape. Our results also show that local factors, such as crop size and canopy surface, together with forest cover amount, are also important to the removal rate, depending on the species. In addition, our results showed that plant–animal interactions are occurring in all fragments, but the health status of these forests is similar to disturbed forests, even in sites immersed in forested landscapes.
A New Virtual Synchronous Generator Design Based on the SMES System for Frequency Stability of Low-Inertia Power Grids

In light of the challenges of integrating more renewable energy sources (RESs) into the utility grid, the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) will become an indispensable configuration of modern power systems. RESs are gradually replacing the conventional synchronous generators that are responsible for supplying the utility grid with the inertia damping properties, thus renewable power grids are more vulnerable to disruption than traditional power grids. Therefore, the VSG is presented to mimic the behavior of a real synchronous generator in the power grid through the virtual rotor concept (i.e., which emulates the properties of inertia and damping) and virtual primary and secondary controls (i.e., which emulate the conventional frequency control loops). However, inadequate imitation of the inertia power owing to the low and short-term power of the energy storage systems (ESSs) may cause system instability and fail dramatically. To overcome this issue, this paper proposes a VSG based on superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) technology to emulate the needed inertia power in a short time and thus stabilizing the system frequency at different disturbances. The proposed VSG based on SMES is applied to improve the frequency stability of a real hybrid power grid, Egyptian Power System (EPS), with high renewables penetration levels, nonlinearities, and uncertainties. The performance superiority of the proposed VSG-based SMES is validated by comparing it with the traditional VSG approach based on battery ESSs. The simulation results demonstrated that the proposed VSG based on the SMES system could significantly promote ultra-low-inertia renewable power systems for several contingencies.
Development and Validation of Rapid RP-HPLC and Green Second-Derivative UV Spectroscopic Methods for Simultaneous Quantification of Metformin and Remogliflozin in Formulation Using Experimental Design

Recently, a new formulation containing metformin HCl (MFH) and remogliflozin etabonate (RGE) has been approved for the management of diabetes mellitus. However, only one analytical method has been reported for the simultaneous determination of both the analytes. Therefore, the current study was designed to develop simple UV derivative spectroscopic and rapid RP-HPLC methods for simultaneous determination of MFH and RGE. The chromatographic separation of MFH and RGE was performed using a monolithic C18 column with an optimized chromatographic conditions carried out by full factorial Box–Behnken design model. The spectroscopic technique was based on the determination of peak amplitude of second-order derivative UV spectra at zero crossings. Further, both the methods were validated and compared statistically using Student’s-t-test and F-test, and employed for the concurrent estimation of MFH and RGE in laboratory mixed solutions and formulations. Perturbation plots and response surface models showed the effect of chromatographic parameters and the final chromatographic condition was selected from 47 solutions suggested by the desirability function. Further, UV spectroscopic and HPLC procedures showed good linearity in the range of 1–24 µg/mL and 2–150 µg/mL for RGE and 2–30 µg/mL and 5–200 µg/mL for MFH, respectively. The average percent assay was found to be 99.51% and 99.80% for MFH and 99.60% and 100.07% for RGE by spectroscopic and HPLC methods, respectively. The proposed methods were simple, accurate, precise, and rapid. Therefore, they can be used for regular quality control of MFH and RGE formulations and dissolution studies as well.
Structure of the leaf litter frog community in an area of Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil

Different spatial and temporal factors can influence the species richness and abundance of leaf anurans that are fundamental for the ecosystem functioning, as they act as predators and integrate the trophic chain as prey of other animals. There are relatively few studies that aimed to understand the spatio-temporal variation and the influence of environmental factors on leaf litter communities. We studied parameters of the anuran community living in the forest leaf litter in the Duas Bocas Biological Reserve (DBBR), Espírito Santo, Brazil. We sought to understand the extent to which richness, abundance, biomass and density varied between two locations with different stages of preservation (primary and secondary forest). In addition, we tested the effect of temperature and local humidity on abundance. We conducted the samplings monthly from October 2017 to September 2018, establishing 98 4 x 4 m plots (16 m2 each) demarcated on the DBBR forest leaf litter. We measured temperature (°C) and relative air humidity (%), and each plot was carefully surveyed by four observers. We tested for differences in anuran density between the two sampled locations and estimated the effects of environmental variables in the community. We recorded 102 individuals of anurans from 11 species belonging to eight families. The DBBR anuran community parameters significantly differed between the two studied locations, with the highest values of anuran richness and abundance occurring in the area covered by primary forest, probably due to differences in the preservation of each area. However, temperature and humidity did not affect the abundance of anurans in the sampled areas. Our results provide the first information about spatial variation and influence of environmental factors, directed to the community of leaf litter anurans in DBBR, and represents the second study on this group of anurans in the state of Espírito Santo.
Development of Tridharma Academic Service Model in Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Development of Tri Dharma Academic services model was carried out through implementation of public service dimension in Universitas Negeri Gorontalo (Gorontalo State University, henceforth will be called as UNG). It was carried out to comprehensively and holistically study the current model of service and how this model could be further developed to meet the demand of academic service professionalism and also to meet the demand of the students for effective and efficient academic service. The first stage of this study has comprehensively and holistically studied the current academic service model in UNG. The expected result from this initial stage of research was to produce a comprehensive understanding of the current academic service model. The second stage of this study was intended to conduct a study on the model of academic service that suitable with the demand of the academic service users through implementation of public service dimensions and improvement of theservice model.This study aimed at developing a model of academic service that could take into consideration various aspects of a better quality academic service model in UNG. This study was expected to positively contribute to the innovation of academic service which considered quality assurance as for the mainpillar of governance in UNG, in addition to other pillars such as, soft skills, environment, and IT.
2-Propyl-N′-[1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ylidene]pentanehydrazide

2-Propyl-N′-[1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2. 1]hept-2-ylidene]pentanehydrazide was obtained in 80% yield via the Einhorn variation of the Schotten–Baumann method by (+)-camphor hydrazide condensation with valproic acid (VPA) chloride. The structure of the titled compound was verified by Raman, FTIR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectral analysis along with FAB-mass spectrometry. Thermal properties of synthesized derivative were elucidated by DSC and its purity by HPLC. The compound was successfully tested as a potential anticonvulsant agent based on models of chemically- and electrically-induced seizures.
Students With Learning Disabilities in the Brazilian Juvenile Justice System

This article describes the Brazilian juvenile justice system and the educational rights of incarcerated adolescents with learning disabilities, to discuss how and why they are “invisible” and deprived of adequate treatment for their specific needs. The main reasons reside (a) in the complex national legal structure of the juvenile justice system; (b) in the lack of specific legislation concerning the rights of students with learning disabilities in general and of incarcerated adolescents in particular, both groups not eligible for special education services; and (c) the general difficulty to diagnose learning disabilities, especially in correctional facilities. Paradoxically, despite the complexity of the juvenile justice system legal organization, nationally, there is no specific law on education for incarcerated adolescents; moreover, the lack of data collection on the prevalence of learning disabilities does not allow the federated states to create suitable laws and programs.
Thermoelectric and Structural Characterization of Ba2Ho(Cu3-xCox)O6+y

The search for thermoelectric materials for power generation and for solid-state cooling has led to increased interest of layered cobalt-containing oxides because of their thermal stability at high temperature and their desirable thermoelectric properties. This paper examines the effect of substitution of Co in the layered pervoskite Ba2Ho(Cu3−xCox)O6+y (x=0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, and 1.0). Structural analysis using the neutron Rietveld refinement technique reveals that when x≤0.4, Co substitutes mainly for Cu in the “chain sites” of the Ba2Ho(Cu3−xCox)O6+y structure. As x>0.4, Co also enters in the Cu-O “plane sites” as well. The thermoelectric properties of polycrystalline Ba2Ho(Cu3−xCox)O6+y samples were studied in the temperature range of 10–390 K. In general, as the cobalt content x increases, the resistivity and Seebeck coefficient of these samples increase while the thermal conductivity decreases. Among the five Ba2Ho(Cu3−xCox)O6+y compositions, the x=0.4 member gives the highest figure of merit ZT of ≈.
Exploiting Distributional Temporal Difference Learning to Deal with Tail Risk

In traditional Reinforcement Learning (RL), agents learn to optimize actions in a dynamic context based on recursive estimation of expected values. We show that this form of machine learning fails when rewards (returns) are affected by tail risk, i.e., leptokurtosis. Here, we adapt a recent extension of RL, called distributional RL (disRL), and introduce estimation efficiency, while properly adjusting for differential impact of outliers on the two terms of the RL prediction error in the updating equations. We show that the resulting “efficient distributional RL” (e-disRL) learns much faster, and is robust once it settles on a policy. Our paper also provides a brief, nontechnical overview of machine learning, focusing on RL.
Are We Equal In The Eyes Of The Law: Comparison Of Criminal Cases Amongst Black And White People In South Africa?

People who are committing a white-collar crime has been able to get away with it without any legal consequences. Democratic South Africa has experienced different types of criminal activities in the past 25 years. The apartheid government committed several criminal activities against black people and the court of law favored white people against black people. Crime in South Africa was labeled and associated with the black race. A black man was always a suspect in the apartheid era and a white man was always innocent regardless of his wrongdoing towards black people. even though the current government from 1994, is a democratic government led by black people, the courts are still applying the same principle. The objectives of this paper are to show the inconsistency in criminal cases that are the same but the sentences are not the same because of the skin colour. The judiciary system in South Africa is still treating people differently, based on various cases, this paper argues that money and race is a contributing factor in decisions made by the courts in South Africa. The paper applied secondary research methodology, newspaper reports on various cases were reviewed, criminal justice reports were analyzed, and lastly, the journal papers that are related to this study.
Research of protein adsorption on the different surface topography of the zinc oxide

The effect of the surface topography on the protein adsorption process is of great significance for designing biomaterial surfaces and the biocompatibility for specific biomedical applications. In this work, we have systematically investigated the mono‐protein adsorption kinetics of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and fibrinogen (Fg) adsorbed on the four different surface topographies (nanoparticles (NPs), nanorods (NRs), nanosheets (NSs) and nanobeams (NBs) of Zinc oxide (ZnO), respectively. The competition of multi‐protein adsorbed on them has been studied as well. Results showed that each protein had a singular process of adsorption that fitted well by Spreading Particle Model (SPM). It confirmed that ZnO NRs compared with other samples had more adsorption sites, which could provide more opportunities for the interaction between material and protein molecules. In addition, the Fg compared to the BSA could be more tightly adsorbed to the surface, both of which existed slight conformational changes by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and circular dichroism spectra (CD). Taken together, all these consequences well demonstrated that NRs may have wider applications in designing biomaterial surfaces and the biocompatibility for implanted biomaterials. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tailoring of internal fields in InGaAs/GaAs multiwell structures grown on (111)B GaAs

We present a study of internal field distributions in strained InGaAs/GaAs multiple quantum wells in p‐i‐n structures grown on (111)B‐oriented GaAs. Room temperature photocurrent spectroscopy shows clear blueshifting of the e1‐hh1 transition as the well fields are reduced by external bias. The relative length of total well to total barrier material is shown to be an important factor in determining the well and barrier fields. We demonstrate a photocurrent contrast ratio of 4.5:1 for only 3 V applied bias across a 25 quantum well In0.13Ga0. 87As p‐i‐n diode and discuss the implication of our results to the design of high performance electro‐optic modulators and self electro‐optic effect devices in this material system.
The Role of Open Innovation and Value Co-creation in the Challenging Transition from Industry 4.0 to Society 5.0: Toward a Theoretical Framework

Advanced manufacturing solutions, augmented reality, and cloud and big data are technologies pertaining to Industry 4.0. These technologies improve working conditions, create new business models, and increase both productivity and firm quality production. However, they can also improve life and society as a whole. This new perspective, oriented toward social and global well-being, is called Society 5.0. As has happened for all past industrial revolutions, Industry 4.0 will support the transition to a different society, i.e., Society 5.0. In this transition, open innovation and value co-creation can play an important role. The aim of the study was twofold: to examine how Industry 4.0 features and enabling technologies can support the transition to Society 5.0 and to investigate the roles of both open innovation and value co-creation within this transition. A conceptual framework was developed to jointly consider for the first time Industry 4.0, Society 5.0, open innovation, and value co-creation, which are all challenging issues that firms must cope with nowadays. Managers could profit from these insights to design ad hoc strategies in order to benefit from the opportunities emerging from this transition and overcome the main related challenges.
Calcination of Calcium Sulphoaluminate Cement Using Pyrite-Rich Cyanide Tailings

Pyrite-rich cyanide tailings (CTs) are industrial hazardous solid wastes arising from the gold mining industry. Every year, hundreds of millions of tons of cyanide tailings are produced and discharged to tailings dams. It is of great significance to dispose of cyanide tailings harmlessly and resourcefully. The feasibility of calcination of calcium sulphoaluminate (CSA) cement clinker using pyrite-rich cyanide tailings as Fe2O3 and SO3 sources was investigated for this paper. The behavior of pyrite during the calcination of cyanide tailings under various calcination conditions and the properties of calcium sulphoaluminate cement clinker were examined. The results show that it is feasible to produce calcium sulphoaluminate cement clinker using pyrite-rich cyanide tailings. The optimal conditions for the calcination of calcium sulphoaluminate cement using pyrite-rich cyanide tailings are confirmed. During the calcination process, the cyanides decompose into carbonate, CO2, and N2. The pyrite decomposes into Fe2O3 and SO2, and they react with CaO and Al2O3 to form the intermediates of CaSO4, 2CaO·Fe2O3, and CaO·2Al2O3, which further react to form 3CaO·3Al2O3·CaSO4, 4CaO·Al2O3·Fe2O3, and 12CaO·7Al2O3. The calcium sulphoaluminate cement prepared by pyrite-rich cyanide tailings exhibits excellent mechanical properties and meets the compressive strength criteria of 42.5 grade calcium sulphoaluminate cement.
Mechanical Forcing of Convection by Cold Pools: Collisions and Energy Scaling

Forced mechanical lifting through cold pool gust fronts can trigger new convection and, as previous work highlights, is enhanced when cold pools collide. However, as shown by conceptual models, the organization of the convective cloud field emerging from two versus three colliding cold pools differs strongly. In idealized dry large‐eddy simulations we therefore compare collisions between two and three cold pools. The triggering likelihood is quantified in terms of the cumulative vertical mass flux of boundary layer air and the instantaneous updraft strength, generated at the cold pool gust fronts. We find that cold pool expansion can be well described by initial potential energy alone. Cold pool expansion monotonically slows but shows an abrupt transition between an axisymmetric and a broken‐symmetric state mirrored by a sudden drop in expansion speed. We characterize these two dynamic regimes by two distinct power law exponents and explain the transition by the onset of “lobe‐and‐cleft” instabilities at the cold pool head. Two‐cold pool collisions produce the strongest instantaneous updrafts in the lower boundary layer, which we expect to be important in environments with strong convective inhibition. Three‐cold pool collisions generate weaker but deeper updrafts and the strongest cumulative mass flux and are thus predicted to induce the largest midlevel moistening, which has been identified as a precursor for the transition from shallow to deep convection. Combined, our findings may help decipher the role of cold pools in spatially organizing convection and precipitation.
Chinese EFL Learners’ Motivation Mediated by the Perceived Teacher Factors—Different Voices from Different Levels of Education

This study examines Chinese EFL learners’ motivation at different educational levels and their perceptions of teacher-related motivators. The questionnaire survey and follow-up interview were administrated among students from junior high schools, senior high schools and universities, and the results reveal the impact of teachers’ perceived commitment on students’ motivational level together with the most motivating teacher factors identified by three student groups. With the English learning experience accumulating, students tend to place less value on teachers’ emotional support whereas rate teaching competence as the key factor for their motivation. Also, striking findings related to learners’ motivation at the tertiary level have been elucidated: first, compared with young learners, university students not only do not think that teachers’ commitment would exert much influence on their motivation but also show a tendency to follow this belief in action. Second, teachers’ capacity for knowledge transfer is rated highest by them as the most crucial motivator rather than the communicative teaching style, which is instead overwhelmingly prioritized by secondary school learners. Based on these findings, recommendations on motivational instruction for English teachers at different levels of education are suggested.