Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Survival After Sublobar Resection versus Lobectomy for Clinical Stage IA Lung Cancer: An Analysis from the National Cancer Data Base

Background: Recent data have suggested possible oncologic equivalence of sublobar resection with lobectomy for early-stage non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Our aim was to evaluate and compare short-term and long-term survival for these surgical approaches. Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized the National Cancer Data Base. Patients undergoing lobectomy, segmentectomy, or wedge resection for preoperative clinical T1A N0 NSCLC from 2003 to 2011 were identified. Overall survival (OS) and 30-day mortality were analyzed using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, logistic regression models, and propensity score matching. Further analysis of survival stratified by tumor size, facility type, number of lymph nodes (LNs) examined, and surgical margins was performed. Results: A total of 13,606 patients were identified. After propensity score matching, 987 patients remained in each group. Both segmentectomy and wedge resection were associated with significantly worse OS when compared with lobectomy (hazard ratio: 1.70 and 1.45, respectively, both p < 0.001), with no difference in 30-day mortality. Median OS for lobectomy, segmentectomy, and wedge resection were 100, 74, and 68 months, respectively (p < 0.001). Finally, sublobar resection was associated with increased likelihood of positive surgical margins, lower likelihood of having more than three LNs examined, and significantly lower rates of nodal upstaging. Conclusion: In this large national-level, clinically diverse sample of clinical T1A NSCLC patients, wedge and segmental resections were shown to have significantly worse OS compared with lobectomy. Further patients undergoing sublobar resection were more likely to have inadequate lymphadenectomy and positive margins. Ongoing prospective study taking into account LN upstaging and margin status is still needed.
A Controlled Study of a Stress-Reduction, Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment Program in Fibromyalgia

Objective: To determine the results of a stress-reduction, cognitive behavioral treatment [SR-CBT] program in fibromyalgia. Methods: Seventy-nine patients with fibromyalgia completed a 10 week meditation based SR-CBT program that met once weekly for 2 hours per session. Controls consisted of 42 fibromyalgia patients, 18 of whom had been placed on a waiting list for the treatment program and 24 randomly selected patients who had not expressed an interest in enrolling in the program. Medications and other treatments were not altered during the 10 week study. Fibromyalgia symptoms were evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the study in patients and controls by self-administered visual analog scales [VAS] for global well-being, pain, sleep, fatigue, and tiredness upon awakening. Functional status was evaluated by the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire [FIQ], and psychological status by the SCL-90-R. Participants and controls were comparable at study entry. Results: Fibromyalgia symptoms improved in 67% .
Research on Coagulation of Unwashed Shed Blood After Total Knee Replacement in Chinese Patients

To evaluate quality of unwashed but filtered wound shed blood through ConstaVac™ blood conservation system (Stryker® Company) after total knee replacement, we selected 30 patients who underwent total knee replacement consecutively from July 2003 to July 2004 and received retransfusion of wound shed blood. Pre- and postoperative coagulative factors of peripheral vein blood and wound shed blood were measured, such as fibrinogen, AT-III, D-dimer, plasminogen, and PT, APTT were also measured. No clinical evidence of coagulation and DIC appeared in these patients. There is significant change of coagulative factors in unwashed but filtered wound shed blood and it may cause a potential risk of coagulopathy to retransfuse wound shed blood, but retransfusion of unwashed but filtered shed blood appeared to be relative safe clinically.
The International Epidemiology of Lung Cancer: Geographical Distribution and Secular Trends

This review presents the latest available international data for lung cancer incidence, mortality and survival, emphasizing the established causal relationship between smoking and lung cancer. In 2002, it was estimated that 1.35 million people throughout the world were diagnosed with lung cancer, and 1.18 million died of lung cancer—more than for any other type of cancer. There are some key differences in the epidemiology of lung cancer between more developed and less developed countries. In more developed countries, incidence and mortality rates are generally declining among males and are starting to plateau for females, reflecting previous trends in smoking prevalence. In contrast, there are some populations in less developed countries where increasing lung cancer rates are predicted to continue, due to endemic use of tobacco. A higher proportion of lung cancer cases are attributable to nonsmoking causes within less developed countries, particularly among women. Worldwide, the majority of lung cancer patients are diagnosed after the disease has progressed to a more advanced stage. Despite advances in chemotherapy, prognosis for lung cancer patients remains poor, with 5-year relative survival less than 14% among males and less than 18% among females in most countries. Given the increasing incidence of lung cancer in less developed countries and the current lack of effective treatment for advanced lung cancers, these results highlight the need for ongoing global tobacco reform to reduce the international burden of lung cancer.
Evolution of Developmental Control Mechanisms Evolution of Otx paralogue usages in early patterning of the vertebrate head

article i nfo To assess evolutional changes in the expression pattern of Otx paralogues, expression analyses were undertaken in fugu, bichir, skate and lamprey. Together with those in model vertebrates, the comparison suggested that a gnathostome ancestor would have utilized all of Otx1, Otx2 and Otx5 paralogues in organizer and anterior mesendoderm for head development. In this animal, Otx1 and Otx2 would have also functioned in specification of the anterior neuroectoderm at presomite stage and subsequent development of forebrain/midbrain at somite stage, while Otx5 expression would have already been specialized in epiphysis and eyes. Otx1 and Otx2 functions in anterior neuroectoderm and brain of the gnathostome ancestor would have been differentially maintained by Otx1 in a basal actinopterygian and by Otx2 in a basal sarcopterygian. Otx5 expression in head organizer and anterior mesendoderm seems to have been lost in the teleost lineage after divergence of bichir, and also from the amniotes after divergence of amphibians as independent events. Otx1 expression was lost from the organizer in the tetrapod lineage. In contrast, in a teleost ancestor prior to whole genome duplication, Otx1 and Otx2 would have both been expressed in the dorsal margin of blastoderm, embryonic shield, anterior mesendoderm, anterior neuroectoderm and forebrain/midbrain, at respective stages of head development. Subsequent whole genome duplication and the following genome changes would have caused different Otx paralogue usages in each teleost lineage. Lampreys also have three Otx paralogues; their sequences are highly diverged from gnathostome cognates, but their expression pattern is well related to those of skate Otx cognates.
SUICIDE AMONG UNITED STATES MILITARY PERSONNEL: DETERMINING THE ROOT CAUSES

Suicide is a national issue, with rates now exceeding those of deaths from motor vehicle accidents. [1] Rarely have mental health issues been as widely appreciated by the general public and covered by the press than has been the increase in suicide among US military personnel, in particular those in the Army and the Marine corps, in the past 8 years. It is of grave concern when heroic young men and women take their own lives while serving their country. Determining the root cause(s) of these completed suicides, with the aim of preventing them, is a major focus of US military leaders and of the mental health research community. [2] Several papers in this issue of Depression and Anxiety describe results from studies that document risk factors for civilian suicide, or studies intended to reduce suicide rates in nonmilitary communities. Whereas these studies in nonmilitary populations can inform the topic of suicide in the military, [3] the unique nature of the military experience—including but not limited to the stresses of deployment—makes it mandatory that research be conducted in military settings with military personnel. In addition, the military structure, community, and career paths can offer unique opportunities for interventions from prevention to treatment. Several recent studies have begun to shed light on the problem of suicide in the US military. One of these, the Millennium Cohort Study, has recently investigated risk factors for suicide among US Armed Forces personnel serving between 2001 and 2008. [4] Similarly to findings from other military and civilian studies, this study determined that several mental disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder, and alcohol use problems were associated with suicide. A controversial finding from the study was that suicide was not associated with deploy
A GENOME‐WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY OF CLINICAL SYMPTOMS OF DISSOCIATION IN A TRAUMA‐EXPOSED SAMPLE

Recent work suggests that a subset of individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) exhibit marked dissociative symptoms, as defined by derealization and depersonalization. A dissociative subtype of PTSD was added to the diagnostic criteria listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Version 5 (DSM‐5) to capture this presentation of PTSD. This study examined genetic polymorphisms for association with the symptoms that define the dissociative subtype of PTSD using a genome‐wide approach.
Future directions in neonatal hearing screening

The impact of otoacoustic emissions in clinical practice spans a period of almost 30 years during which several important questions have been raised relative to the improved quality of the responses, the possible detection of hearing threshold, etc. In the last decade technological advances in the field of electrophysiology have provided new procedural methodologies which can be used as additional tools in otoacoustic emission testing. The purpose of this technical note is to provide a broad introduction to the technical trends we are now experiencing in clinical audiology.
Effects of Estrogen on Postischemic Pial Artery Reactivity to ADP

Objective: The aims of this work were to determine if 1) ischemia alters pial artery responsiveness to the partially nitric oxide (NO)‐dependent dilator, ADP, 2) the alteration depends on 17β‐estradial (E2), and 3) NO contributes to E2 protective effects. Materials and Methods: Response to ADP and the non‐NO‐dependent dilator, PGE2, were examined through closed cranial windows. Ovariectomized (OVX) and E2‐replaced (E25, 0.025 mg; or E50, 0.05 mg) rats were subjected to 15‐minute forebrain ischemia and one‐hour reperfusion. Endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expression was determined in pre‐ and postischemic isolated cortical microvessels. Results: In OVX rats, ischemia depressed pial responses to ADP, but not to PGE2. Both doses of E2 maintained responses to ADP and had no effect on the response to PGE2. eNOS inhibition decreased the ADP response by 60% in the E25 rats and 50% in the E50 rats, but had no effect in the OVX rats. Compared to the OVX group, microvessel expression of eNOS was increased by E2, but postischemic eNOS was unchanged in both groups. Conclusions: The nearly complete loss of postischemic dilation to ADP suggests that normal non‐NO‐mediated dilatory mechanisms may be acutely impaired after ischemic injury. Estrogen's protective action on ADP dilation may involve both NO‐ and non‐NO‐mediated mechanisms.
TYPE 2 DIABETES IN PATIENTS WITH MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER: A META‐ANALYSIS OF PREVALENCE ESTIMATES AND PREDICTORS

Patients with depression may be at increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and premature mortality. We aimed to clarify the prevalence and predictors of T2DM in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and where possible compare the prevalence of T2DM in those with MDD versus general population controls.
Are Pharmacists the Ultimate Barrier to Pharmacy Practice Change?

for pharmacists to provide “optimal drug therapy outcomes for Canadians through patient-centred care” has been accepted by all Canadian pharmacy organizations. This means a shift from dispensing and technical duties to a particular focus on services that improve patient outcomes. However, practice change of this nature has been discussed for many years, and few programs have been fully successful or sustainable over the long term.
Electromyographic comparison of conventional machine strength training versus bodyweight exercises in patients with chronic stroke

Abstract Objective: To investigate whether bodyweight exercises can induce comparable levels of muscle activity as conventional machine exercises in chronic stroke patients. Methods: Eighteen patients performed three repetitions of bilateral- and unilateral machine leg press and the bodyweight exercises chair rise and hip thrust. Surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded from 10 lower extremity muscles and normalized to maximal EMG (nEMG) of the non-paretic leg. Results: For the paretic leg, the bodyweight exercises showed comparable levels of nEMG in 6 out of 10 muscles compared with the bilateral leg press. Vastus lateralis nEMG was higher during bilateral leg press compared with hip thrust (38% [95% CI 33–42] vs. 10% [95% CI 6–15], p < 0.0001) and chair rise (38% [95% CI 33–42] vs. 27% [95% CI 22–32], p < 0.0001). Vastus medialis nEMG was higher during bilateral leg press compared with hip thrust (34% [95%CI 27–40] vs. 8% [95% CI 2–15], p < 0.0001). Unilateral leg press showed higher nEMG compared with bilateral leg press in biceps femoris (28% [95% CI 23–34] vs. 19% [95% CI 13–24], p = 0.0009), gluteus maximus (32% [95% CI 23–41] vs. 25% [95% CI 16–34], p < 0.05), and vastus medialis (42% [95% CI 36–48] vs. 34% [95% CI 27–40], p = 0.0013). Discussion: In patients with chronic stroke, bodyweight exercises activate the majority of the lower limb muscles to comparable levels as bilateral leg press performed in machine. In addition, unilateral leg press was superior to the bilateral leg press and both bodyweight exercises.
Increased work and social engagement is associated with increased stroke specific quality of life in stroke survivors at 3 months and 12 months post-stroke: a longitudinal study of an Australian stroke cohort

Abstract Background: There is a relative lack of longitudinal studies investigating stroke-specific outcomes and quality of life (QOL). This study aimed to identify which factors (level of disability, cognitive functioning, depressive symptoms, physical activity, and work and social engagement) were independently associated with each stroke-specific domain of QOL, adjusting for age and gender, at 3 months and 12 months post-stroke in an Australian cohort. Method: Survivors of ischemic stroke were recruited from 18 sites of the STroke imAging pRevention and Treatment (START) longitudinal cohort study. Survivors were assessed at 3 months (n = 185) and 12 months (n = 170) post-stroke using the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS), modified Rankin Scale (mRS), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity, and Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS). Results: WSAS was independently associated with the SIS domains of: Physical Composite function; Participation; and Perceived Recovery at 3 months and 12 months and SIS domain of Emotion at 12 months post-stroke. The presence of depressive symptoms was independently associated with the SIS domains of: Memory and Thinking; and Emotion at 3 months. At 12 months post-stroke, mRS was independently associated with SIS domain of Physical Composite function and MoCA with SIS domain of Communication. Conclusion: Engaging in work and social activities is an important factor associated with stroke-specific domains of QOL over time. It is recommended that services focus on improving work and social engagement given their importance related to QOL in the first year of recovery post-stroke. Identifying and treating those with depressive symptoms may enhance QOL in the early months post-stroke. Trial registration: START-PrePARE Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials, www.anzctr. org.au, Registry number: ACTRN12610000987066. EXTEND ClinicalTrial.gov identifier: NCT00887328.
Management of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hematomas: Review of the Literature

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 10% to 15% of all strokes, and is associated with significant mortality and morbidity rates. Hypertension, age, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy are the major risk factors. Clinical presentation continues to progress with sudden onset, focal neurologic deficit to symptoms of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), and coma. Diagnosis of ICH is established by computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging; catheter angiography may exclude underlying vascular pathologies in young normotensive patients. Surrounding brain tissue is edematous, with thrombin and iron as the major culprits. In more than 30% of patients, ICH expands within the first hours after the initial bleed. The potential relationships between elevated blood pressure, hematoma enlargement, and edema formation remain unclear. Medical management attempts to control ICP and prevent complications. In a trial of ICH patients, the administration of recombinant activated coagulation factor VIIa, within 4 hours of the ictus, limited the hematoma growth and improved functional independence and neurologic impairment on day 15 after the ICH. However, the study failed to show any significant improvement in functional outcomes at 90 days. The results of a recent multicenter trial failed to demonstrate any advantage of surgical drainage of ICH when compared with conservative treatment. Open surgical intervention is largely reserved for patients harboring lobar hemorrhages with mass effect, rapid neurologic deterioration, and cerebellar hematomas >3 cm in diameter. In the future, the value of minimally invasive procedures in the evacuation of spontaneous ICH and the use of recombinant factor VIIa in prevention of hematoma growth will be validated.
Somatic Mutations in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Pathway Genes in Non-small Cell Lung Cancers

Introduction: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the development and progression of lung cancer. We searched for mutations of EGFR pathway genes in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) and analyzed their relationship with clinicopathologic features. Methods: Mutations of EGFR, ERBB2, ERBB3, ERBB4, KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PTEN, PIK3CA, LKB1, and AKT1 genes were determined by direct sequencing in 173 surgically resected NSCLCs—56 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and 117 adenocarcinomas (ACs). Results: Of the 173 NSCLCs, a total of 65 mutations were detected in 63 (36.4%) tumors—10 (17.9%) in SCCs and 53 (45.3%) in ACs. Mutations in EGFR pathway genes were significantly more frequent in women and ACs than in women and SCCs (p = 0.02 and p < 0.001, respectively). The mutations occurred in a mutually exclusive pattern. When the genes were divided into three subgroups according to their roles in the signaling cascade, mutations in the EGFR/ERBB2 and KRAS/BRAF genes were more frequent in ACs than in SCCs (p < 0.001 and p = 0.01, respectively). In marked contrast, mutations in the PIK3CA/PTEN were more frequent in SCCs than in ACs (p = 0.002). Furthermore, mutations in the PIK3CA/PTEN genes were more frequent in smokers (p = 0.04). Discussion: Our study demonstrates that mutations in each part of the EGFR pathway were associated with different clinicopathologic features in patients with NSCLCs.
TRASS: A transmission rate‐adapted streaming server in a wireless environment

The video streaming quality in a wireless communication network environment is largely affected by various network characteristics, such as a limited channel bandwidth and a variant transmission rate. The playback quality of User Equipments (UEs) may not be smooth when the service is delivered via a wireless environment. From the viewpoints of most video receivers, a smooth playback with a lower video quality may be more significant than a lagged or distorted playback with a higher video quality as the transmission rate degrades. Based on the above, we sketch an adaptation agent—Transmission‐Rate Adapted Streaming Server (TRASS), which is located between the original video server and UEs, to adaptively transform the streaming video based on the real transmission rate. In our proposed scheme, UEs would feedback their network access statuses to TRASS and then TRASS would deliver adaptive quality of video streams to UEs according to their feedbacks. The theoretical analysis and simulations using different video tracks encoded in MPEG‐4 and H.264/AVC formats show that TRASS can help wireless streaming users to get a smooth playback quality with a lower packet failure rate. With a low probability of receiving a worse quality of video, users' Quality of Experience can subsequently be raised. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A unified enhanced particle swarm optimization‐based virtual network embedding algorithm

Virtual network (VN) embedding is a major challenge in network virtualization. In this paper, we aim to increase the acceptance ratio of VNs and the revenue of infrastructure providers by optimizing VN embedding costs. We first establish two models for VN embedding: an integer linear programming model for a substrate network that does not support path splitting and a mixed integer programming model when path splitting is supported. Then we propose a unified enhanced particle swarm optimization‐based VN embedding algorithm, called VNE‐UEPSO, to solve these two models irrespective of the support for path splitting. In VNE‐UEPSO, the parameters and operations of the particles are well redefined according to the VN embedding context. To reduce the time complexity of the link mapping stage, we use shortest path algorithm for link mapping when path splitting is unsupported and propose greedy k‐shortest paths algorithm for the other case. Furthermore, a large to large and small to small preferred node mapping strategy is proposed to achieve better convergence and load balance of the substrate network. The simulation results show that our algorithm significantly outperforms previous approaches in terms of the VN acceptance ratio and long‐term average revenue. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.