Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Tracking Control for a Hard Disk Drive Dual-Stage Actuator System

This paper presents a nonlinear tracking control method for a hard disk drive (HDD) dual-stage actuator (DSA) system that consists of a voice coil motor (VCM) actuator and a piezoelectric (PZT) microactuator. Conventional track seeking controllers for DSA systems were generally designed to enable the VCM actuator to approach the target track without overshoot. However, we observe that this strategy is unable to achieve the minimal settling time when the target tracks are beyond the PZT actuator stroke limit. To further reduce the settling time, we design the VCM actuator controller to yield a closed-loop system with a small damping ratio for a fast rise time and certain allowable overshoot. Then, a composite nonlinear control law is designed for the PZT actuator to reduce the overshoot caused by the VCM actuator as the system output approaches the target track. Experimental results show that the proposed dual-stage servo outperforms the conventional dual-stage servo in short-span seeking and additionally achieves better track following accuracy than the VCM only single-stage servo.
MicroRNA ‐ 122 ‐ 3 p inhibits tumor cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by targeting Forkhead box O in A 549 cells

The imbalance between cell proliferation and apoptosis was implicated to serve key roles in cancer pathogenesis. The characteristics of microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) have attracted much attention in research focusing on cancer pathogenesis in recent years. miR-122-3p has been reported to be associated with a number of disease processes and pathogenesis, including lung cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the association of miR-122-3p expression level with cell proliferation and apoptosis in a lung cancer cell line. A549 cells were transfected with miR-122-3p to interrupt the expression of miR-122-3p. Subsequently, MTT and BrdU assay, and western blot were used to analyze the influence of miR-122-3p on lung cancer cell proliferation, cell viability and its underlying mechanism. The present study revealed that, by targeting p27, overexpression of miR-122-3p inhibited cell proliferation in lung cancer. Furthermore, the cell apoptosis analysis suggested that overexpression of miR-122-3p was able to inhibit cell apoptosis by targeting Forkhead box O. These findings suggest that miR‐122‐3p may be associated with the pathology and progression of lung cancer and be a new therapeutic target for this disease.
Metabolic Constraints to Resource Allocation

One of the major goals of evolutionary physiology is to understand the intrinsic and the extrinsic factors that impose limitations on an animal’s energy budget (McNab, 2002). Animals cannot expend energy at will and it is well known that a negative relationship exists between the rate of energy expenditure and the duration of activity that an organism is performing (Weiner, 1989; Peterson et al., 1990; Speakman, 2000). In this sense, burst metabolic rates of activity or thermoregulation performed during short periods of time (i.e. minutes, hours) cannot be sustained indefinitely because organisms are not in energy balance during the exertion (Hammond and Diamond, 1997). In fact, an important part of the expenditure is fuelled by the body’s reserves, which are depleted while activity is maintained. On the other hand, during longer activity periods (i.e. days or weeks), energy expenditure must be fuelled by concurrent energy intake, which is known as the sustained metabolic rate (SusMR). Specifically, SusMR is defined as a ‘time-averaged energy budget that an animal maintains over times sufficiently long that body mass remains constant because time-averaged energy intake equals time-averaged energy expenditure’ (Hammond and Diamond, 1997). An important difference between burst and long-term expenditures concerns the level they can achieve. Rates of expenditures sustained over longer periods are limited to a lower level than rates of expenditure sustained over shorter periods. Specifically, SusMR is almost five times lower than burst expenditures (Bozinovic, 1992; Bundle et al., 1999), and hardly exceeds seven times the resting levels (Peterson et al., 1990). For small mammals in particular, asymptotic ceilings on SusMR could limit individual reproductive effort (since offspring number and quality depends on milk production; Knight et al., 1986; Rogowitz and McClure, 1995; Rogowitz, 1996, 1998), activity (i.e. foraging and escape from predators), thermoregulatory capabilities and survival to long-term cold exposures (Konarzewski and Diamond, 1994; McDevitt and Speakman, 1994a), as well as other ecological processes, such as diet selection, geographical distribution and breeding ranges. This is because 4 Metabolic Constraints to Resource Allocation
Tolerance analysis of aligning an astigmatic laser diode with a single-mode optical fiber

A general method of analyzing misalignment tolerance of coupling light from an astigmatic laser diode to a single-mode fiber is described. We apply the method to derive the 3 dB tolerances caused by longitudinal, lateral, and angular misalignments in the optimal conditions for two kinds of coupling schemes. One is by the use of a rotationally symmetric optical system, and the other by a rod which is a special case of utilizing a rotationally asymmetric optical system. In the latter coupling case, the misalignment caused by a laser is found to have a much less 3 dB tolerance in the vertical direction than that caused by a fiber.
INTERNAL GRAVITY WAVES MODULATE THE APPARENT MISALIGNMENT OF EXOPLANETS AROUND HOT STARS

We propose that the observed misalignment between extrasolar planets and their hot host stars can be explained by angular momentum transport within the host star. Observations have shown that this misalignment is preferentially around hot stars, which have convective cores and extended radiative envelopes. This situation is amenable to substantial angular momentum transport by internal gravity waves (IGW) generated at the convective–radiative interface. Here, we present numerical simulations of this process and show that IGW can modulate the surface rotation of the star. With these two-dimensional simulations, we show that IGW could explain the retrograde orbits observed in systems such as HAT-P-6 and HAT-P-7. However, extension to high-obliquity objects will await future three-dimensional simulations. We note that these results also imply that individual massive stars should show temporal variations in their v sin i measurements.
Alternate current magnetic property characterization of nonstoichiometric zinc ferrite nanocrystals for inductor fabrication via a solution based process

We investigate the ac magnetic behavior of solution processable, non-stoichiometric zinc ferrite nanocrystals with a series of sizes and zinc concentrations. Nearly monodisperse ZnxFe3−xO4 nanocrystals (x = 0–0.25) with an average size ranging from 7.4 nm to 13.8 nm are synthesized by using a solvothermal method. All the nanocrystals are in a superparamagnetic state at 300 K, which is confirmed by Superconductive Quantum Interference Device magnetometry. Due to the doping of non-magnetic Zn2+ into A site of ferrite, the saturation magnetization of nanocrystals increases as the size and Zn concentration increases. The ac magnetic permeability measurements at radio frequencies reveal that the real part of the magnetic permeability of similarly sized ferrite nanocrystals can be enhanced by almost twofold as the Zn2+ doping level increases from 0 to 0.25. The integration of 12.3 nm Zn0.25Fe2. 75O4 nanocrystals into a toroidal inductor and a solenoid inductor prepared via a simple solution cast process yields a.
Market Plurality and Manipulation: Performance Comparison of Independent System Operators

In this paper, the authors present three different models that represent the coordinating functions of existing independent system operators (ISOs) and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. Max-ISO is a centralized operator based on the pool model, and mm-ISO is a decentralized operator based on the bilateral model. Mix-ISO is positioned in-between, having multiple power exchanges or bilateral contracts. The performance of the different ISOs is compared by the total social welfare and the vulnerability to market manipulation. A numerical example is presented to compare the performance of different ISOs. The max-ISO is considered to be the most efficient model theoretically, but it does not necessarily provide the best market in terms of vulnerability to market manipulation.
Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiological Study, Clinical, Pathological an Immunohistochemical Examination in Patients of Eastern Algeria

Algeria is currently experiencing the same rate of cancer progression as that registered these last years in the western countries. Colorectal cancer, constituting increasingly a major public health problem, is the most common form of cancer after breast and Neck-womb cancer at the woman and prostate cancer at the man. Our work is based on a retrospective study to determine the cases of colorectal cancer through eastern Algeria. Our goal is to carry out an epidemiological, histological and immunohistochemical study to investigate different techniques for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer and their interests and specific in detecting the disease. The study includes 110 patients (aged between 20 to 87 years) with colorectal cancer where the inclusions and exclusions criteria were established.
A METHODOLOGY FOR TSUNAMI HAZARD AND RISK ASSESSMENT: APPLICATION TO THE COASTAL AREA OF EL SALVADOR

Advances in the understanding and prediction of tsunami impacts allow the development of adaptation and mitigation strategies to reduce risk on coastal areas. This work, funded by the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID) during the period 2009-2012, presents a comprehensive methodology for tsunami risk assessment at any coastal area worldwide applied specifically in this case to the coast of El Salvador.
Biased geodetic inference on asperity distribution on a subducted plate interface: a quantitative study

The asperity model was developed to explain plate boundary behavior such as interplate earthquakes. Asperity is defined as a strongly-coupled region on the plate interface. Since interplate earthquakes are considered to occur on asperities, it is important to know the asperity distribution, which can be inferred from interseismic crustal deformation through estimation of the slip deficit distribution. Slip deficit is the difference between the long-term plate convergence rate and the actual relative displacement rate of the plate interface. It is a kinematic description of plate interaction. The relation between the estimated slip deficit and the asperity is still not clearly understood. We have conducted a quantitative comparison between them by combining a forward simulation of crustal deformation, as a result of plate subduction, and a geodetic data inversion. We found that the seismic moment accumulation rate is likely to be overestimated in most cases. The degree of overestimation increases in the case of small asperity areas. Conversely, if no slip deficit is detected by geodetic data inversion, it is highly probable that no asperity exists. Such a misinference may lead to an incorrect estimation of strong ground motion in future earthquakes, and appropriate measures should be taken to allow for this.
Expanding the Portfolio: Conserving Nature's Masterpieces in a Changing World

&NA; Unprecedented rates of environmental change complicate priority setting for conservation, restoration, and ecosystem management. Setting priorities, or considering the value of ecosystems and the cost and likely effectiveness of management actions required, is like deciding which paintings to save first if an art gallery catches fire: a few masterpieces, such as the Mona Lisa, or a wider selection of the gallery's collection? A portfolio approach is required that allows for a suite of goals ranging from the maintenance of existing high‐value conservation assets (the Mona Lisas) to alternative management approaches in the altered parts of the landscape (the broader art collection). Management goals can be set on the basis of the relative values, services provided, and array of approaches available. Such an approach maintains aspirations to conserve relatively unaltered ecosystems as a priority but also recognizes the need to manage the overall landscape effectively.
High order discontinuous Galerkin methods on surfaces

We derive and analyze high order discontinuous Galerkin methods for second-order elliptic problems on implicitely defined surfaces in $\mathbb{R}^{3}$. This is done by carefully adapting the unified discontinuous Galerkin framework of Arnold et al. [2002] on a triangulated surface approximating the smooth surface. We prove optimal error estimates in both a (mesh dependent) energy norm and the $L^2$ norm.
Testing Black Market vs. Official PPP: A Pooled Mean Group Estimation Approach

Testing purchasing power parity (PPP) using black market exchange rate data has gained popularity in recent times. It is claimed that black market exchange rate data more often support the PPP than the official exchange rate data. In this study, to assess both the long run stability of exchange rate and the short run dynamics, we employ Pooled Mean Group (PMG) Estimation developed by Pesaran et al. (1999) on eight groups of countries based on different criteria. Using the famous Reinhart and Rogoff (2002) dataset on black market exchange rate in the framework of Bahmani-Oskooee and Goswami (2005), the results are in sharp contrast with the most recent studies. We find very weak and insufficient support for the PPP using both the black market and the official exchange rate data. The assumption of long run homogeneity is also invalidated for some groups. Therefore, the results of PPP testing are not conclusive even though we switch from the official rate to the black market rate for a global data set. The finding holds even though we swap static panel for dynamic heterogeneous panel in the light of PMG estimation.
The Subaru FMOS Galaxy Redshift Survey (FastSound). II. The Emission Line Catalog and Properties of Emission Line Galaxies

We present basic properties of $\sim$3,300 emission line galaxies detected by the FastSound survey, which are mostly H$\alpha$ emitters at $z \sim$ 1.2-1.5 in the total area of about 20 deg$^2$, with the H$\alpha$ flux sensitivity limit of $\sim 1.6 \times 10^{-16} \rm erg \ cm^{-2} s^{-1}$ at 4.5 sigma. This paper presents the catalogs of the FastSound emission lines and galaxies, which will be open to the public in the near future. We also present basic properties of typical FastSound H$\alpha$ emitters, which have H$\alpha$ luminosities of $10^{41.8}$-$10^{43.3}$ erg/s, SFRs of 20--500 $M_\odot$/yr, and stellar masses of $10^{10.0}$--$10^{11.3}$ $M_\odot$. The 3D distribution maps for the four fields of CFHTLS W1--4 are presented, clearly showing large scale clustering of galaxies at the scale of $\sim$ 100--600 comoving Mpc. Based on 1,105 galaxies with detections of multiple emission lines, we estimate that contamination of non-H$\alpha$ lines is about 4% in the single-line emission galaxies, which are mostly [OIII]$\lambda$5007. This contamination fraction is also confirmed by the stacked spectrum of all the FastSound spectra, in which H$\alpha$, [NII]$\lambda \lambda$6548,6583, [SII]$\lambda \lambda$6717, 6731, and [OI]$\lambda \lambda$6300,6364 are seen.
DIVIDEND POLICY AND OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE: A STUDY OF RUSSIAN DUAL-CLASS STOCK COMPANIES

This paper investigates the relationship between ownership structure and dividend policy in Russian public companies with dual-class shares. This research is motivated by the following considerations. One of the most important trends of the last decade is that scholars’ studies became more focused on the institutional context of the dividend policy in emerging markets (Fairchild et al., 2014). It is worth noting that Russia, institutionally, could be considered as an emerging market with specific corporate governance practices. It is among the countries characterized by a low level of shareholder rights protection and the important role played by the state in both the economy and the ownership structure of corporations. Russian companies have highly concentrated ownership that, similar to other countries with insider corporate governance model and combined with weak shareholder protection aggravates the agency problem. Dividends can be used by the controlling owners as an instrument to expropriate minority shareholders. Despite the growing body of literature recognizing the decreasing role of dividends as a total return for investors (Baker and Weigand, 2015) and the reducing importance of dividend payments in mitigation of the agency problem (Benjamin et al., 2016), the authors believe that for Russia, a country with highly volatile corporate governance practices, the role of dividends in the agency problem remains high. This is demonstrated, in particular, by the increasing number of corporate conflicts in Russian companies due to the abuse of minority shareholders’ rights. This study investigates dividend payments in relation to the company ownership structure, mainly from the agency problem perspective. The specifics of Russian companies’ ownership structures include the fact that offshore companies play an important role in their capital. In recent years, a considerable share in Russian firms has come to be owned by companies incorporated in offshore zones. Among other purposes, offshore companies are known to be widely used for tax sheltering. A specific feature of the Russian stock market, in turn, is the limited number of public companies: of several thousand listed firms, only about 300 firms’ shares are actually traded on the market, having high liquidity and regular transactions. This study only considers public companies, whose shares were regularly traded on the market during the sample period. Institutionally, Russia provides a unique setting for the study of public companies with dual-class shares, offering an exogenously created sample of companies with both voting (ordinary) Abstract
Common Trends in the US State-Level Crime. What Do Panel Data Say?

This paper aims to investigate the long-run relationship between crime, inequality, unemployment and deterrence using state-level data for the US over the period 1978- 2013. The novelty of the paper is to use non-stationary panels with factor structures. The results show that: i) a simple crime model well fits the long run relationship; ii) income inequality and unemployment have a positive impact on crime, whereas deterrence displays a negative sign; iii) the effect of income inequality on crime is large in magnitude; iv) property crime is generally highly sensitive to deterrence measures based upon police activities.
A P ] 8 J un 2 01 8 NONLINEAR CHARACTERIZATIONS OF STOCHASTIC COMPLETENESS

We prove that conservation of probability for the free heat semigroup on a Riemannian manifold M (namely stochastic completeness), hence a linear property, is equivalent to uniqueness of positive, bounded solutions to nonlinear evolution equations of fast diffusion type on M of the form ut = ∆φ(u), φ being an arbitrary concave, increasing positive function, regular outside the origin and with φ(0) = 0. Either property is also shown to be equivalent to nonexistence of nontrivial, nonnegative bounded solutions to the elliptic equation ∆W = φ(W ) with φ as above. As a consequence, explicit criteria for uniqueness or nonuniqueness of bounded solutions to fast diffusion-type equations on manifolds, and on existence or nonexistence of bounded solutions to the mentioned elliptic equations on M are given, these being the first results on such issues.
Multiple Shocks and Downward Mobility: Learning from Life Histories of Rural Ugandans

This paper presents findings from research in rural Uganda based on household survey and village level participatory work with in-depth life history interviews. This allowed the exploration of trajectories into and out of poverty and found that the loss of assets and composite shocks have propelled a number of previously non-poor households into severe and long-term poverty. In addition, findings illustrated that those born into chronically poor households found few opportunities for accumulation and escape. Well-being decline was associated with a web of meso-level constraints and shocks which commonly combined negatively with household level shocks and socio-cultural or socio-psychological factors. Chronically poor households seldom faced only a single problem or constraint, and those who reduced the intensity of their poverty generally managed to do so as a result of several serendipitous events or factors combining. Shocks with a long-run impact include the fragmentation of families, following marital breakdown or the death of a parent. The repercussions of this were particularly strong for women and their children who could be affected long into adulthood. Ill health, physical weakness and disability were strongly associated with declines in well-being. 'Non-cooperation within the household', resulting in the theft and sale of stored crops or household assets, was associated with high (male) alcohol consumption, high levels of domestic violence and reduced levels of well-being for the whole household. Inter-ethnic conflict resulting in internal displacement, the loss of productive and household assets and the death of household members caused life-long trauma and declines into chronic poverty for many households. The complete absence of effective interventions for 'vulnerable groups' has left widows, orphans, the abandoned elderly, the disabled and the long-term sick with no where to turn. Difficulties in accessing markets, particularly in remote rural areas, means that the chronically poor, even the 'non-vulnerable', can rarely accumulate assets through selling their labour. With no surplus to save, low levels of human, social or political capital and few productive assets, the chronically poor's ability to identify and capitalise on escape routes from poverty are profoundly limited. Day to day levels of well-being are extremely low and they have little hope for a brighter future. Targeted social protection measures are clearly necessary to provide long-term welfare to some and opportunities to invest and accumulate for others.