Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Effects of Deprenyl on Longevity and Antioxidant Defenses in Different Animal Models

ABSTRACT: Among many pharmaceuticals that have been tested for their effects on longevities of different animal rodents, deprenyl is unique in that its effects on longevity has been tested in at least four different animal species by independent research groups and that the effect has been postulated to be due to its effect of raising such antioxidant enzyme activities as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in selective brain regions. Thus far, in all four species of animals examined (rats, mice, hamsters, and dogs), a positive effect was demonstrated, although the extent of its effect is quite variable. Our group has examined the effect on longevities in rats and mice and on antioxidant enzymes in rats, mice, and dogs. Although in rats of both sexes, we have obtained positive effects on longevity, two studies with different doses in mice did not reveal a significantly positive effect. We have observed, however, significantly positive effects on SOD (in Cu, Zn‐, and Mn‐) as well as CAT (but not glutathione peroxidase) activities in the brain dopaminergic system such as in the S. nigra and striatum (but not in hippocampus) in all rats, mice, and dogs, although the effects were quite variable, depending on the doses used. In mice, however, a long‐term administration (3 x/w, 3 months) caused a remarkable decrease in the magnitude of activity as well as a narrowing of the effective dose range, which may explain a relatively weak effect of the drug on mouse longevity. Further, a recent study on aging beagle dogs by Ruehl et al. showed a remarkable effect on longevity, which agrees with our SOD study in dogs. Although deprenyl has been claimed to have several other effects, such as a radical scavenging effect and a neuroprotective effect, past reports on its effects on longevities and antioxidant defenses are compatible with the notion that the drug prolongs the life span of animals by reducing the oxidative damage to the brain dopaminergic system during aging. Further, our studies on F‐344 rats as well as a dog study by Ruehl et al. suggest that the drug may at least partially prolong the life span of animals by enhancing immune system function and preventing tumor development in animals.
Highly sensitive and selective trimethylamine sensor using one-dimensional ZnO–Cr2O3 hetero-nanostructures

Highly selective and sensitive detection of trimethylamine (TMA) was achieved by the decoration of discrete p-type Cr2O3 nanoparticles on n-type ZnO nanowire (NW) networks. Semielliptical Cr2O3 nanoparticles with lateral widths of 3–8 nm were deposited on ZnO NWs by the thermal evaporation of CrCl2 at 630 °C, while a continuous Cr2O3 shell layer with a thickness of 30–40 nm was uniformly coated on ZnO NWs at 670 °C. The response (Ra/Rg: Ra, resistance in air; Rg, resistance in gas) to 5 ppm TMA of Cr2O3-decorated ZnO NWs was 17.8 at 400 °C, which was 2.4 times higher than that to 5 ppm C2H5OH and 4.3–8.4 times higher than those to 5 ppm p-xylene, NH3, benzene, C3H8, toluene, CO, and H2. In contrast, both pristine ZnO and ZnO (core)–Cr2O3 (shell) nanocables (NCs) showed comparable responses to the different gases. The highly selective and sensitive detection of TMA that was achieved by the deposition of semielliptical Cr2O3 nanoparticles on ZnO NW networks was explained by the catalytic effect of Cr2O3 and the extension of the electron depletion layer via the formation of p–n junctions.
A study of shoulder rest's feet height variation on upper trapezius muscle activity in violinists

Violin is an important role in music history. Comfort of holding violin also becomes a concern since this affects the ability and quality of performance. Literature review pointed out that upper trapezius is the related muscle when playing violin and proved that the performance of playing with a shoulder rest is greater than without it. However, the height of shoulder rest's two feet was only stated that all ‘high’ is better then all ‘low’, none of any researches study the different combination of height variation of the two feet. In this study, eight subjects were invited to participate the experiment and twelve shoulder rests were provided to test by applying human factors. Surface electromyography was used to collect the left and right upper trapezius muscle activities. The results showed there were significant differences and it indicated that the variation height of shoulder rest's feet could affect the upper trapezius.
Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia: a population‐based study of prevalence and mortality in Danish patients

Introduction. Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a dominantly inherited disease characterized by telangiectatic lesions. The disease manifestations are variable and include epistaxis, gastrointestinal bleeding, pulmonary arteriovenous malformations and cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Early death due to these complications has been described.
Modeling and Analysis of a Novel Transverse-Flux Flux-Reversal Linear Motor for Long-Stroke Application

In this paper, a transverse-flux flux-reversal linear motor (TF-FRLM) is proposed. With magnets on the primary side, the proposed motor is suitable for long-stroke application, benefiting from easy manufacturing and low-cost secondary cores. First, the basic structure and operating principle of the proposed motor are presented. Then, the expressions of back electromotive force (EMF) and electromagnetic thrust are obtained by an equivalent magnetic circuit model. Third, for saving computation time, a simplified half-phase model with a symmetry boundary is employed in the 3-D finite-element analysis (FEA) to investigate the TF-FRLM, and the field distribution, the back EMF, the detent force, as well as the thrust force are emphasized. Finally, a prototype is constructed, and experiments show good agreement with the FEA results.
Capital Account Liberalization and External Debt

: This paper examines the impact of capital account liberalization on the external debt of South Mediterranean Countries (SMCs). We use 5 models to explain the growth of external debt by macroeconomics variables and especially by variables reflecting the capital liberalization. Using panel data for 8 countries from 1971 to 2015, we find that capital account liberalization is negatively correlated with external debt. We also find that the macroeconomic instability has an important role in the rise of external debt.
Cell wall‐inhibitory antibiotics activate the alginate biosynthesis operon in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: roles of σ22 (AlgT) and the AlgW and Prc proteases

A bioassay was developed to identify stimuli that promote the transcriptional induction of the algD operon for alginate biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Strain PAO1 carried the algD promoter fused to a chloramphenicol acetyl‐transferase cartridge (PalgD‐cat), and > 50 compounds were tested for promoting chloramphenicol resistance. Most compounds showing PalgD‐cat induction were cell wall‐active antibiotics that blocked peptidoglycan synthesis. PalgD‐cat induction was blocked by mutations in the genes for σ22 (algT/algU) or regulators AlgB and AlgR. Anti‐sigma factor MucA was the primary regulator of σ22 activity. A transcriptome analysis using microarrays verified that the algD operon undergoes high induction by d‐cycloserine. A similar σE–RseAB complex in Escherichia coli responds to envelope stress, which requires DegS protease in a regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) cascade to derepress the sigma. Mutant phenotypic studies in P. aeruginosa showed that AlgW (PA4446) is likely to be the DegS functional homologue. A mutation in algW resulted in a complete lack of PalgD‐cat induction by d‐cycloserine. Overexpression of algW in PAO1 resulted in a mucoid phenotype and alginate production, even in the absence of cell wall stress, suggesting that AlgW protease plays a role in σ22 activation. In addition, a mutation in gene PA3257 (prc), encoding a Prc‐like protease, resulted in poor induction of PalgD‐cat by d‐cycloserine, suggesting that it also plays a role in the response to cell wall stress.
Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Health Benefits in Food Products: A Meta-Analysis

This article analyzes the existing literature on consumers’ marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) for health benefits in food products. Results indicate that the presence of a health claim does not only increase MWTP for health benefits in foods but also reduces heterogeneity among MWTP estimates. Hypothetical methods significantly positively affect MWTP. The most popular product category “dairy” negatively influences MWTP. The popular health claim of “lowering cholesterol” has a significantly positive influence on MWTP. In addition, our review highlights that existing studies significantly differ in their setup, which renders the inference of clear-cut conclusions rather problematic.
Binaural properties of single units in the superior olivary complex of the mustached bat.

1. Previous studies of the superior olive of echolocating bats suggest that the lateral superior olive (LSO) retains the same structure and function as in other mammals but that the medial superior olive (MSO) is different in structure and possibly also in function. The present study is an examination of this idea in Pteronotus parnellii, a bat that has a large and well-defined MSO. 2. Using pure tones presented via earphones, we obtained data on frequency tuning for 60 single units and 96 multiunits in LSO and 94 single units and 154 multiunits in MSO. Of these we also obtained binaural response characteristics from 55 single units in LSO and 72 single units in MSO. 3. LSO and MSO each have a complete tonotopic representation, arranged in a sequence similar to that of other mammals studied. However, in both LSO and MSO there is an expanded representation of the frequencies around 60 kHz, the main frequency component of the bat's echolocation call; there is another expanded representation of the range around 90 kHz, the third harmonic of the call. The expansion of these frequency ranges suggests that the functions of LSO and MSO in Pteronotus are related to echolocation behavior. 4. The binaural characteristics of cells in LSO were essentially the same as those seen in other mammals. Most LSO units (93%) were excited by the ipsilateral ear and inhibited by the contralateral ear. The responses of nearly all LSO units were completely suppressed when the sound level at the two ears was equal. 5. The binaural characteristics of cells in MSO were different from those in nonecholocating mammals. Most MSO units (72%) were excited by the contralateral ear but were neither excited nor inhibited by the ipsilateral ear. Of the remaining units, 21% were excited by the contralateral ear and inhibited by the ipsilateral ear, and only 6% were excited by both ears. 6. The temporal discharge patterns of units in MSO differed from the tonic response pattern seen in LSO. Most MSO units had phasic response patterns, with a few spikes at the onset or offset of the stimulus; the response often changed from ON to OFF depending on stimulus frequency. 7. The results support the idea that in evolution LSO has remained unchanged, whereas MSO has undergone adaptation. The function of LSO in Pteronotus seems to be identical to that in other mammals, i.e., analysis of interaural sound level differences to derive azimuthal location. The function of MSO in Pteronotus must be different from that in nonecholocating mammals. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Mast Cell Stabilizer Ketotifen [4-(1-Methyl-4-piperidylidene)-4H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10(9H)-one Fumarate] Prevents Mucosal Mast Cell Hyperplasia and Intestinal Dysmotility in Experimental Trichinella spiralis Inflammation in the Rat

Trichinella spiralis infection in rats induces hypermotility and an abnormal response to cholecystokinin (CCK) similar to motor disturbances observed in irritable bowel syndrome. Mast cell hyperplasia is also characteristic of this experimental model. The aim of our study was to correlate mast cell activity with the development of dysmotility and to demonstrate whether the mast cell stabilizer ketotifen [4-(1-methyl-4-piperidylidene)-4H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10(9H)-one fumarate] could prevent the development of intestine hypermotility. Sprague-Dawley rats were infected with T. spiralis and, 5 days after infection, treated with the mast-cell stabilizer ketotifen (10 mg/kg/day). Twelve days after infection, intestinal spontaneous motor activity and response to CCK were evaluated by means of strain-gauge transducers. Immunohistochemistry for rat mast cell protease II (RMCPII), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) was performed in intestinal specimens. In addition, RMCPII and myeloperoxidase were determined in serum. Infected control rats showed hypermotility, mast cell hyperplasia, increased RMCPII levels, increased myeloperoxidase, and overexpression of COX-2 and iNOS. In contrast, ketotifen-treated rats showed spontaneous intestinal motility and CCK response similar to the noninfected control rats. Mast cell hyperplasia and RMCPII were reduced in ketotifen-treated rats. Inflammatory parameters were less modified by ketotifen, but those animals that received the longest ketotifen treatment showed a slight amelioration in these parameters. These results indicate that mast cells are implicated in the development of hypermotility. The treatment with ketotifen prevented hypermotility and mast cell hyperplasia and diminished mucosal mast cell activity.
The relation of infantile spasms, tubers, and intelligence in tuberous sclerosis complex

Background: The aetiology of the learning difficulty in tuberous sclerosis is debated. It may be related to the amount of tubers in the brain or caused by the infantile spasms that occur in early life. Aims: To examine the relative contributions to final intelligence (IQ) made by both cerebral tubers and infantile spasms. Methods: As part of an epidemiological study of tuberous sclerosis in the south of England, patients were recruited who were able to undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) without the need for an anaesthetic. Epilepsy history was determined by interview and review of clinical records. IQ was assessed using either Wechsler intelligence scales or Raven’s matrices. Results: A total of 41 patients consented to have an MRI scan. IQ scores were normally distributed about a mean of 91. Twenty six patients had a positive history of epilepsy, and 11 had suffered from infantile spasms. There was a significant relation between the number of tubers and IQ. Infantile spasm status partly confounded the relation between tubers and IQ, but did not render the relation statistically insignificant. The relation between infantile spasms and learning difficulty remained strong even when controlling for the number of tubers.
Radical Markets: Uprooting Capitalism and Democracy for a Just Society

PAnelists: AlyA GusevA / AssociAte Professor of socioloGy, Boston university cAthie Jo MArtin / Professor of PoliticAl science At Boston university AnD Director of the center for the stuDy of euroPe, Boston university JAMes reBitzer / Peter AnD DeBorAh wexler Professor, AnD chAir of MArkets, PuBlic Policy, AnD lAw, Boston university MoDerAteD By: Ashley MeArs / AssociAte Professor of socioloGy, Boston university
PENGARUH PRICE EARNING RATIO TERHADAP RISIKO SISTEMATIS

Basically the purpose of investing is to gain as much as possible. Investment in Islamic capital market should have been different from the conventional investment in the capital markets because the concept of expected return is in the long term. Therefore, any gains are expected to be faced with comparable risks. The risk is influenced by certain factors. This study aims to determine the effect of price earning ratio of the systematic risk of Islamic stock. Systematic risk is measured by beta stocks. The study was conducted at the Islamic capital market, namely Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) with two periods: 2013 and 2014. The analysis tool that is performed using simple regression analysis. The results showed that the price earnings ratio negatively affect systematic risk. Kata kunci: price earning ratio, systematic risk, jakarta islamik index ABSTRAK Pada dasarnya tujuan berinvestasi adalah untuk memperoleh keuntungan yang sebesar-besarnya. Investasi pada pasar modal syariah seharusnya berbeda dengan investasi pada pasar modal konvensional karena konsep return yang diharapkan adalah pada jangka panjang. Oleh karena itu setiap keuntungan yang diharapkan akan dihadapkan pada risiko yang sebanding. Risiko tersebut dipengaruhi oleh faktor tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh price earning ratio terhadap risiko sistematis saham syariah. Risiko sistematis diukur dengan beta saham. Penelitian dilakukan pada pasar modal syariah yaitu Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) dengan 2 periode yaitu 2013 dan 2014. Alat analisis yang dilakukan menggunakan analisis regresi sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa price earning ratio berpengaruh negatif terhadap risiko sistematis. Kata kunci: price earning ratio, risiko sistematis, jakarta islamic indeks
Single-Event Upset Prediction in SRAMs Account for On-Transistor Sensitive Volume

In this paper, single-event upset (SEU) is predicted using a combination of technology computer aided design (TCAD) and Geant4 Monte Carlo simulations. According to the layout topology of a 65 nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) static random access memory (SRAM) arrays, the sensitive volumes (SVs) of off and on-transistors were calibrated by TCAD using novel circuit schematics. The effects of on-transistor charge collection on SEU were studied, and a novel criterion for SEU occurrence is proposed. Heavy ion simulation results indicate that the probability of SEU recovery increased with increased ion energy and striking tilt. The simulated SEU cross section and multiple cell upsets (MCUs) percentage based on the proposed method are in agreement with the experimental data for 6 T SRAM cells, which were fabricated using 65 nm processing technology.
Evaluation of spectrally distributed irradiance in the Netherlands regarding the energy performance of various PV technologies

In this study 1-minute measurements of spectrally distributed irradiance in the Netherlands are evaluated by investigating the Average Photon Energy (APE). The measured data are combined with spectral response curves of various photovoltaic (PV) technologies such as c-Si, mc-Si, CdTe, CIGS, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC) and polymer organic solar cells (OSC) to obtain energy yields in kWh/m2 on a daily, monthly and a yearly time scale. The incident spectra attenuate due to varying air mass, precipitable water and aerosol optical depth. Results show that in the Netherlands the spectra hold higher energy content in the summer in comparison to the winter. The APE changes in a quadratic manner over the season and has a peak in July. On average the APE is in between 1.80 and 1.93 eV. Blue shifted spectra occur in the summer. Organic solar cells - DSC and OSC - have a unique behavior toward spectral variation. An evaluation of their spectral performance based on the Spectral Factor (SF) shows that organic solar cells yield the highest spectral gain compared to the other PV technologies with a SF of 1.01 compared to a SF of 0.966 of c-Si.
Land grab/data grab: precision agriculture and its new horizons

ABSTRACT Developments in the area of ‘precision agriculture’ are creating new data points (about flows, soils, pests, climate) that agricultural technology providers ‘grab’, aggregate, compute and/or sell. Food producers now churn out food and, increasingly, data. ‘Land grabs’ on the horizon in the global south are bound up with the dynamics of data grabbing, although hitherto researchers have not revealed enough about the people and projects at issue. Against this backdrop, this paper examines some key issues taking shape, while highlighting new frontiers for research and introducing the concept ‘data sovereignty’, which food sovereignty practitioners (and others) need to begin considering.
Chorioallantoic Morphogenesis and Formation of the Placental Villous Tree

Abstract: The placenta is a highly specialized organ whose primary function is to promote the exchange of nutrients and oxygen between maternal and fetal blood, essential for survival and growth of the baby. The surface area for nutrient transport is a highly convoluted villous structure that forms by branching morphogenesis. In mice, this process begins after embryonic day 8.5, following attachment of allantoic mesoderm to the chorion, and continues through the end of gestation. Gene targeting studies in mice have identified a large number of genes that are essential for chorioallantoic development to give rise to the layer of the placenta called the labyrinth. Collectively, these studies reveal that a number of signaling pathways regulate four distinct phases of labyrinth development: chorioallantoic attachment (involving VCAM1 and its receptor α4 integrin, Bmp5/7, and Wnt7b, as well as the cochaperone Mrj), initiation of branching (involving the Gcm1 transcription factor to select sites of branch initiation), extension of villous branching (involving FGF, EGF, and HGF/Met signaling, through the Grb2/Sos1/Mek1/p38α MAPK pathway), followed by vascularization of the villous tree. The restricted expression and/or action of the signaling components indicate that a series of intercellular interactions regulate chorioallantoic development.
Predicting the onset of freezing of gait: A longitudinal study

Background: Freezing of gait is a disabling symptom of Parkinson's disease that ultimately affects approximately 80% of patients, yet very little research has focused on predicting the onset of freezing of gait and tracking the longitudinal progression of symptoms prior to its onset. The objective of the current study was to examine longitudinal data spanning the transition period when patients with PD developed freezing of gait to identify symptoms that may precede freezing and create a prediction model that identifies those “at risk” for developing freezing of gait in the year to follow.