Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intrathyroidal lymphocyte subsets, including unusual CD4+ CD8+ cells and CD3loTCRαβ1o/‐CD4−CD8−cells, in autoimmune thyroid disease

Intralhyroidal lymphocyte subsets were analysed in 13 cuthyroid patients with autoimmune thyroid disease by two‐colour flow cytometry and compared with subsets in peripheral blood. In both Graves' and Hashimoto's diseases, proportions of intrathyroidal CDS B cells were higher than in peripheral blood. The numbers of such cells were correlated with serum levels of anti‐thyroid microsomal antibodies. Proportions of T cells bearing αβ chains of T cell receptors (TCRαβ+T; Tαβ) and CD16+CD57+ natural killer (NK) cells were lower in the thyroid, but proportions of CD3hiTCRαβ− TCRγδ+ (Tγδ) cells were not different. Proportions of CD4+ Leu‐8+ helper T cells and CD4+CD57+ germinal centre T cells were higher and proportions of CD4+ Leu‐8+ suppressor‐inducer T cells and CD8+CD57+ or CD+ CD11b+ suppressor T cells were lower than in the blood in both diseases. Proportions of CD5+ B cells were high in Graves' disease, and proportions of CD8+ CD11b− cytotoxic T cells were high in Hashimoto's disease. Unexpectedly, CD4+ CD8+ cells and CD3. TCRαβ CD4−CDS cells were present in thyroid tissues of both diseases. These findings suggest that: (i) an imbalance in the numbers of regulatory T cells and of NK cells that had appeared in the thyroid resulted in the proliferation of CDS B cells, which were related to thyroid autoantibody production; (ii) CD5+ B cells and cytotoxic T cells are important for the different pathological features in Graves' and Hashimoto's diseases, respectively; and (iii) intrathyroidal CD4+CD8+ cells and CD31oTCRαβlo‐CD4−CD8− cells may be related to the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease.
HSP25 Inhibits Protein Kinase Cδ-mediated Cell Death through Direct Interaction*

Heat shock protein 25 (HSP25) interferes negatively with apoptosis through several pathways that involve its direct interaction with cytochrome c or Akt. Here we show that HSP25 inhibits protein kinase C (PKC) δ-mediated cell death through direct interaction. HSP25 binds to kinase-active PKCδ to inhibit its kinase activity and translocation to the membrane, which results in reduced cell death. Deletion constructs of HSP25 and PKCδ identified amino acids 90-103 of HSP25 and the C-terminal V5 region of PKCδ as binding sites. In addition, the interaction between HSP25 and PKCδ induced HSP25 phosphorylation at Ser-15 and Ser-86, and these phosphorylations permitted HSP25 release from PKCδ. Based on these observations, we propose that after PKCδ activation, HSP25 binds to the exposed V5 region of PKCδ. This novel function of HSP25 accounts for its cytoprotective properties via the inhibition of PKCδ and the enhancement of HSP25 phosphorylation.
Tiefe Hirnstimulation als Therapieoption für das Tourette-Syndrom

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Das Tourette-Syndrom (TS) ist eine neuropsychiatrische Erkrankung, die durch das Auftreten motorischer und vokaler Tics charakterisiert ist. Bei einem geringen Teil der Patienten sind die Symptome durch medikamentöse und behaviorale Therapie nicht ausreichend gut behandelbar. Hier kann eine Therapieeskalation erwogen werden. Die tiefe Hirnstimulation (THS) ist ein invasives Therapieverfahren, das bei bestimmten Bewegungsstörungen etabliert ist und für die Therapie des TS zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnt. Der folgende Artikel fasst die aktuelle Evidenz zur Anwendung der THS beim TS zusammen. Die meiste Erfahrung liegt für die thalamische und pallidale Stimulation vor, wobei bisher keines der Zielgebiete deutlich überlegen war. Die Studienlage zeigt eine durchschnittliche Reduktion der Tic-Schwere unter THS von bis zu 40 % nach einem Jahr. Inwiefern die THS zu einer Besserung der oft begleitenden psychiatrischen Komorbiditäten führt, bleibt aufgrund der geringen Fallzahlen unsicher. Beim TS ist eine erhöhte Anzahl an postoperativen Infektionen aufgefallen, deren Ursache nicht geklärt wurde. Zusammenfassend zeigen die Studien, dass eine THS beim TS eine sichere Therapieoption zur Behandlung schwerer medikamentös nicht behandelbarer Tics darstellt. Die THS sollte an Zentren durchgeführt werden, in denen Expertise sowohl in der Behandlung von Tics als auch für THS vorliegt.
Effects of a stay‐green trait on the concentrations and stability of fatty acids in perennial ryegrass

Dewhurst, R. J., Moorby, J. M. , Scollan, N. D. , Tweed, J. K. , Humphreys, M. O. (2002). Effects of a stay-green trait on the concentrations and stability of fatty acids in perennial ryegrass. Grass and Forage Science, 57, (4), 360-366. Sponsorship: MAFF
Speciation in Spartina: A Classical Example Erroneously Reported in Textbooks

The origin of new plant species by interspecific hybridization followed by a doubling of the chromosomes of the sterile hybrid to produce a fully fertile amphidiploid species (Fig. 1) is often described in genetics, cytology, and botany texts and less frequently in college general biology textbooks. One of the classical examples of this phenomenon occurs in genus Spartina, where it has been shown that American salt-
Evaluating and Treating Chronic Musculoskeletal and NeuropathicPain-Addressing the Not-An-Opioid Epidemic

Chronic musculoskeletal and neuropathic pain is a common occurrence in the daily practice of orthopaedic surgeons. There are several diagnostic approaches and, in most cases, pharmacotherapy and physiotherapy are the golden standard of treatment. However, in the recent years there is an overuse of opioid and non-opioid pharmacological agents which are highly addictive. Around 10% of US patients suffer from opioid addiction and an unknown number of them from pregabalin addiction. Current statistics for the Kingdom of Bahrain are not available, nevertheless the ministry of health considers pregabalin a controlled medication and prescription from consultant is mandatory in order to dispense from the pharmacy. It is important to recognize the problem in local communities and internationally and raise awareness regarding the abuse of such medications. Orthopaedic surgeons need to remain vigilant in order to recognize addiction and be well informed and supported by government and private regulatory authorities to control the abuse and offer well designed rehabilitation protocols.
Stability and distance to instability for polynomial matrix families. Complex perturbations

ABSTRACT For a family of real matrices with entries polynomially depending on parameters, symbolic algorithms are proposed for verification of the Routh – Hurwitz stability under parameter variations in a given box, and for the distance to instability computation in the case of perturbations over . Both problems are reduced to the analysis of real zeros of a pair of univariate polynomials; one of these reductions is based on the discriminant computation in the Hankel determinant form. We also discuss a potential application of the suggested approach for finding an estimation for the accuracy of the distance to instability computations via numerical procedures.
Kinetics of phagocytic activity, plaque-forming cells and specific agglutinins of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) immunised with O antigen of Vibrio damsela and Pasteurella piscicida

The O antigens derived from Vibrio damsela and Pasteurella piscicida were evaluated to determine their ability to enhance non-specific defence mechanisms and the specific immune response in turbot. Intraperitoneal injections of 100 μg V. damsela or P. piscicida O antigen resulted in an increased phagocytic activity of splenic leucocytes 3 days after immunisation, although the level of phagocytosis of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was always low. In both groups of immunised fish a peak in the specific plaque-forming cells (PFC) was observed 21 days post-injection. There were no differences in PFC number induced by the two bacterins in turbot. Peak antibody titres were 28 and 42 days after immunisation with O antigen from P. piscicida and V. damsela respectively.
Angiotensin I-converting enzyme-like activity in a cephalochordate

The presence of angiotensin I-converting enzyme-like activity (ACELA) was investigated in whole body homogenates of Branchiostoma lanceolatum using a highly sensitive fluorimetric assay. The measured enzyme activity was inhibited by the two angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, captopril and enalapril, suggesting a biochemical pathway that could generate the angiotensins observed in the central nervous system of amphioxus.
Sistema SCADA adaptado para el control de la alimentación en animales de laboratorio

Las instalaciones dedicadas al alojamiento de animales de laboratorio son cada vez mas complejas. No solo deben garantizar las necesidades basicas y el bienestar de los animales alojados, sino que tambien deben permitir la realizacion de la variedad de procedimientos experimentales que tienen lugar en ellas. Debido a la dificultad de implementacion y al alto coste de los sistemas automaticos de alimentacion, el uso de los mismos se ha limitado practicamente a grandes instalaciones, siendo manual el suministro de dietas en la mayoria de centros. No obstante, debido al incremento de procedimientos experimentales que incluyen algun tipo de restriccion alimentaria y, principalmente, a las ventajas en roedores de la alimentacion restringida frente a la alimentacion ad libitum (AL) en estudios a largo plazo, el grado de sofisticacion de los sistemas automaticos de alimentacion para animales de experimentacion es superior a los de otras especies. Dado el estado de crecimiento de este sector, surge la idea de desarrollar e implementar un dispensador de dieta de bajo coste para roedores de experimentacion. En este trabajo se plantea el desarrollo de un prototipo, a partir de un sistema SCADA ( supervisory control and data acquisition ). El usuario accedera al control del equipo a traves de una interfaz de facil instalacion y uso. El SCADA permitira la dosificacion del alimento segun un programa-horario establecido y el registro de la ingesta en tiempo real. Esta solucion de bajo coste establecera una propuesta competitiva y de uso extensivo en el mercado.
A Note on the Evolution of Altruism in Structured Demes

A number of authors (Wilson 1975, 1977; Charnov and Krebs 1975, Matessi and Jayakar 1976; Cohen and Eshel 1976) have recently suggested models for the evolution of altruistic behavior in the absence of either kin selection or differential extinction of groups. This possibility arises when the breeding population is divided into units, called trait groups by Wilson, within which behavioral interactions take place. Given sufficient genetic differentiation among trait groups, it can be shown that altruistic genotypes may sometimes increase in frequency in the population as a whole, even if they are at a disadvantage within each trait group, and even if there is random mating among trait groups. In particular, Wilson (1975, 1977) proposed a model where an altruistic individual confers a fitness benefit on other members of its group, but itself suffers a selective disadvantage in consequence. He showed that if variation in gene frequencies between trait groups arises simply because of binomial sampling of individuals from the overall population into trait groups, a gene for altruism of this sort is eliminated. He suggested that differential responses of altruistic and selfish genotypes to environmental heterogeneity might create a sufficiently arge excess in variance over binomial expectation that altruism could be favored. The purpose of this note is to show that this source of excess variance is extremely unlikely to allow a rare gene for altruism to spread, and that restrictions on interbreeding between trait groups are also incapable of promoting the evolution of altruism with this model. Following Wilson, consider a sexually reproducing haploid organism with discrete generations. The population is divided into an infinite number of trait groups of constant size n formed by sampling from the new individuals produced by the breeding population. There are two alleles, A (altruists) and a (selfish). The fitness of A and a within a trait-group containing i altruists are, respectively,
The Pelagic Phase of Spiny Lobster Development

A reappraisal of the pelagic phase of development in palinurid lobsters, in conjunction with recent oceanographic data, shows that the ontogenetic changes in the vertical migratory behaviour of phyllosoma larvae operate as a biological strategy to effect larval recruitment. Wind-driven surface currents can transport the larvae in the opposite direction to the general circulation of the upper 300 m water layer. Ocean circulation charts are unreliable indicators of likely paths of larval transport because of their gross scale, lack of seasonal information, and the absence of indications of wind-driven surface currents. The majority of larvae are transported beyond the continental shelf to areas greater than 100 km offshore. This appears to be the principal source of larval recruitment to benthic populations, although some local recruitment from coastal areas may occur. Larval transport between populations of Jasus sp. in the Southern Ocean appears likely but is unconfirmed. For some insular populations this.
Vehicle-specific retrieval based on aerial images

UAVs(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) are currently widely used in civil and military fields. Collecting ground information through UAVs is their main application direction. This paper proposes a vehicle retrieval system based on aerial images, which can retrieve the corresponding target vehicle according to the set conditions. For the retrieval algorithm, we optimized its feature extraction network based on YOLO v3, and optimized it as a two-way residual based on the original residual module to improve its ability to detect small targets. Considering that the position deviation of the prediction frame in the actual detection will greatly affect the detection result, the GIoU position calculation index is adopted to improve the network’s sensitivity to the position information. At the same time, retrieval conditions such as vehicle type and color are added on the basis of detection, so that the model can complete the retrieval of specific vehicle targets. The test results of the finally optimized network on the VEDAI dataset reached 91.2%mAP.
Cytotoxic Sesquiterpenoids from the Stem Bark of Aglaia harmsiana (Meliaceae)

Three aromadendrane-type sesquiterpenoids, spathulenol ( 1 ), 4β,10α-dihydroxyaromadendrane ( 2 ), and 4α,10α-dihydroxyaromadendrane ( 3 ) were isolated from the stem bark of Aglaia harmsiana (Meliaceae). Compound 3 was isolated for the first time from Aglaia genus. The chemical structures of isolated compounds were elucidated by various spectroscopic methods, including one and two-dimensional NMR, as well as mass spectroscopy analysis. These sesquiterpenoids 1 - 3 were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. The IC 50 value of compound 1 - 3 were 31.65 ± 0.1, 8.41 ± 0.04 and 2.80 ± 0.02 µM, respectively. Among the aromadendrane-type sesquiterpenoids, compounds 2 and 3 , which do not have a double bond, showed higher activity than compound 1 . Whereas, compound 3 showed the strongest activity indicate that α configuration of hydroxyl group increases the cytotoxic activity.
RRR-α-Tocopherol succinate down-regulates oncogenic Ras signaling

α-Tocopherol succinate (TS), an analogue of vitamin E, has growth-inhibitory activity in a wide spectrum of in vitro and in vivo cancer models. Here, we report that modulation of oncogenic Ras is associated with TS activity. TS inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis of NIH3T3 cells stably transfected with oncogenic K-Ras and H-Ras, but not NIH3T3 cells expressing empty vector. TS treatment resulted in decreased Ras protein levels in oncogenic Ras expressing NIH3T3 cells but not in parental NIH3T3 cells. Treatment with TS suppressed the levels of phospho-Akt and phospho-Erk1/2 in oncogenic Ras expressing NIH3T3 cells. Overexpression of constitutively active phosphoinositide-3-kinase, Akt, and Mek1/2 significantly attenuated TS growth inhibition of oncogenic Ras-transformed NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast cell lines. In addition, transcriptional targets of oncogenic Ras such as c-Myc, cyclin D1, and E2F1 were down-regulated by TS in oncogenic Ras-expressing cells. The above TS effects on oncogenic Ras signaling were also observed in endogenous oncogenic K-Ras expressing HCT 116 (human colon cancer) and MDA-MB-231 (human breast cancer) cells. Taken together, these data show that TS down-regulation of the Ras signaling pathways that are mediated by Mek/Erk and phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt plays, at least in part, a critical role in TS inhibition of proliferation and survival of transformed cells. This data supports further investigation of the chemopreventive and therapeutic potential of TS in tumors that are dependent on activated Ras signaling and identifies phosphor-Erk and phosphor-Akt as potential biomarkers of TS activity. [Mol Cancer Ther 2006;5(2):309–16]
What We Do Not Know about COVID-19

A comparative study of the growth pattern and death tolls in different communities indicates that the growth pattern of infected patients and death rate follow the similar distribution with different parametrizations. Every distribution follows an exponential growth pattern curve, like other microbes, then reaches the saturation point and eventually decays. However, the argument for the exponential function depends on several parameters unbeknownst, as of yet. However, the slope varies differentially for various epicenters and seems to have a relationship with parameters such as accessibility to healthcare facilities, pre-existing medical conditions, socio economic conditions and lifestyle. The mismatch of the growth pattern is also linked with the impact of various other factors and a premature interpretation of limited data. Novel behavior of the virus brought many surprises, opened up new venues for medical research, and the need for the more detailed study of pathogens in the light of the interaction of RNA and DNA. The adaptability to diverse ecological conditions and the relevant modification in the structure is also worth investigation. The genetic modification can be studied using quantum mechanical probabilistic approach.
Tension receptors on the apodemes of muscles in the walking legs of the crab, Cancer magister †

1. Mechanoreceptors monitoring tension in working muscles are described in the Decapoda Crustacea. 2. The receptors are associated with apodemes of muscles in the walking leg and are well‐developed in the extensor and flexor of the meropodite (Figures 1, 2). 3. The unbranched dendrites of the receptor neurones innervate the tissues surrounding the insertions of the muscle fibres (Figures 3, 4, 5(A)). 4. The receptors show spontaneous activity with the M‐C joint at resting position and this activity increases when the muscle is stretched by holding the joint at a different position (Figure 7). 5. Isometric tension increase in the muscle recruits sensory units (Figures 8, 10(A)) and increases the activity of units firing (Figure 9). 6. Apodeme receptors may be an entirely distinct input channel from chordotonal organs (Figure 10(B,C)). Joint movements produced by a standard muscle stimulus against increasing loads reveal very different responses (Figure 11). 7. Attempts to determine whether chordotonal orga.
Annurca Apple Biophenols’ Effects in Combination with Cisplatin on A549 Cells

The role of a healthy and balanced diet in cancer prevention should never be underestimated; some nutritional factors can reduce the side effects of chemotherapy or radiotherapy and contribute to increasing its effectiveness. Therefore, in recent years, it has been thought to associate the administration of antioxidants to the chemotherapy approach that can protect non-tumor cells from the cytotoxic action of these drugs. However, the protective action of these substances could also limit the chemotherapy effects against the neoplastic cells themselves. In this context, the goal of this work was to test the viability of cultured human non-small lung cancer A549 cells in response to the combined administration of cisplatin (CDDP) and polyphenols. In particular, Annurca apple flesh polyphenol extract (AFPE) action was examined. A549 cells were treated with AFPE alone or in combination with CDDP and then cell viability was measured by the MTT assay. The effects of constituent polyphenols (+)-catechin, (-)- epicatechin, and caffeic acid) in AFPE were also evaluated. The cell morphology was observed by an inverted phase-contrast microscope. CDDP reduced A549 cell viability in both concentration- and time-dependent manners. Polyphenols and CDDP co-administration did not interfere with the CDDP efficacy, in fact, the cellular vitality was found to be similar to that detected in the samples treated with CDDP alone. In conclusion, the co-administration of AFPE with CDDP does not interfere with its chemotherapy efficacy. Therefore, Annurca apple could be a good candidate to act as an antioxidant and potentially reduce the side effects of CDDP therapy, although the joint effect of AFPE and CDDP on normal cells is still unclear. More studies will be needed to analyze the molecular mechanism of AFPE and in vivo studies will also be needed to verify the anticancer effects. These findings may represent a starting point for the design of new clinical trials for use in cancer treatment.
Sessile and sedentary macrofauna from the Pirapama Shipwreck, Pernambuco, Brazil

Shipwrecks are considered artificial reef environments - structures immersed in aquatic environments (especially marine ones) that provide fauna with shelter, hard substrates, food and nursery areas. This study aimed to survey the benthic animal biodiversity of the Pirapama shipwreck, located 23 m deep and six miles off Recife harbor. From 2001 to 2007, species were observed, photographed and collected through scuba diving. The material was later sorted and identified in the laboratory. A total of 76 sessile and sedentary animal taxa were recorded belonging to the following phyla: Porifera (Demospongiae and Calcarea), Cnidaria (Hydrozoa and Anthozoa), Mollusca (Bivalvia and Gastropoda), Annelida (Polychaeta), Arthropoda (Cirripedia), Bryozoa (Gymnolaemata), Echinodermata (Asteroidea and Echinoidea), and Chordata (Ascidiacea). The greatest richness was for Porifera and Bryozoa - 13 listed species for each. Eleven new occurrences were recorded for the state of Pernambuco, the hydroid Halopteris polymorpha and ten bryozoan species, one of them being the first record for Brazil (Scrupocellaria curacaoensis). The Pirapama's biodiversity was considered typical when compared to other shipwrecks that have been studied around the world.
Low Computational Cost Model for Convective Heat Transfer From Submarine Cables

The ampacity of submarine cable circuits is strongly influenced by heat transfer in the marine environment surrounding the cable. It has been demonstrated in previous work that for high permeability sediments convective heat transfer can play a significant roleusing both bespoke two dimensional models and experimental investigations [T. J. Hughes, 2016, C. J. Emeana, 2016]. This paper introduces a one dimensional model which is capable of calculating cable temperatures within both convective and conductive sediments. Agreement between the one dimensional model and a two dimensional simulation was found to be within 1.5 °C. The model is used to demonstrate that the ampacity of power cables may be significantly increased due to convective heat transfer. Further, the one dimensional model offers significant savings in computational time and cost compared to the two dimensional equivalent model. This allows the analysis of large DTS data sets in order to calculate: dynamic ratings; burial depths; and the long-term (annual to decadal) performance of the cable.