Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Making Our Own Luck A Language for Random Generators ( Extended Abstract )

QuickCheck-style property-based random testing [4] requires efficient generators for well-distributed random data satisfying complex logical predicates. Writing such generators by hand can be difficult and error prone. We propose a domain-specific language, Luck, in which generators are expressed by decorating predicates with lightweight annotations controlling both the distribution of generated values and the amount of constraint solving that happens before each variable is instantiated. Generators in Luck are compact, readable, and maintainable, with efficiency close to custom handwritten generators. We give a precise semantics for Luck, reminiscent of those for probabilistic languages [7], and prove key theorems about its behavior, including the soundness and completeness of random generation with respect to a straightforward predicate semantics.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Filovirus Species-Specific Antibodies

ABSTRACT Several enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the detection of filovirus-specific antibodies have been developed. However, diagnostic methods to distinguish antibodies specific to the respective species of filoviruses, which provide the basis for serological classification, are not readily available. We established an ELISA using His-tagged secreted forms of the transmembrane glycoproteins (GPs) of five different Ebola virus (EBOV) species and one Marburg virus (MARV) strain as antigens for the detection of filovirus species-specific antibodies. The GP-based ELISA was evaluated by testing antisera collected from mice immunized with virus-like particles as well as from humans and nonhuman primates infected with EBOV or MARV. In our ELISA, little cross-reactivity of IgG antibodies was observed in most of the mouse antisera. Although sera and plasma from some patients and monkeys showed notable cross-reactivity with the GPs from multiple filovirus species, the highest reactions of IgG were uniformly detected against the GP antigen homologous to the virus species that infected individuals. We further confirmed that MARV-specific IgM antibodies were specifically detected in specimens collected from patients during the acute phase of infection. These results demonstrate the usefulness of our ELISA for diagnostics as well as ecological and serosurvey studies.
Prolonged Postconcussive Symptoms.

Davin K. Quinn, M.D., Andrew R. Mayer, Ph.D., Christina L. Master, M.D., and Jesse R. Fann, M.D., M.P.H. From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, the MIND Research Network, and the Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque; the Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and the Division of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; and the Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Washington, Seattle.
The cache and memory subsystems of the IBM POWER8 processor

In this paper, we describe the IBM POWER8™ cache, interconnect, memory, and input/output subsystems, collectively referred to as the “nest. ” This paper focuses on the enhancements made to the nest to achieve balanced and scalable designs, ranging from small 12-core single-socket systems, up to large 16-processor-socket, 192-core enterprise rack servers. A key aspect of the design has been increasing the end-to-end data and coherence bandwidth of the system, now featuring more than twice the bandwidth of the POWER7® processor. The paper describes the new memory-buffer chip, called Centaur, providing up to 128 MB of eDRAM (embedded dynamic random-access memory) buffer cache per processor, along with an improved DRAM (dynamic random-access memory) scheduler with support for prefetch and write optimizations, providing industry-leading memory bandwidth combined with low memory latency. It also describes new coherence-transport enhancements and the transition to directly integrated PCIe® (PCI Express®) support, as well as additions to the cache subsystem to support higher levels of virtualization and scalability including snoop filtering and cache sharing.
Thiazide diuretics and the risk of hip fracture.

BACKGROUND Thiazide diuretics are one of the most commonly prescribed antihypertensive agents worldwide. Thiazides reduce urinary calcium excretion. Chronic ingestion of thiazides is associated with higher bone mineral density. It has been suggested that thiazides may prevent hip fracture. However, there are concerns that diuretics, by increasing the risk of fall in elderly, could potentially negate its beneficial effects on hip fracture. OBJECTIVES To assess any association between the use of thiazide diuretics and the risk of hip fracture in adults. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched eligible studies up to December 2008 in MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, the Database of Abstracts of Review of Effects (DARE) and reference lists of previous reviews and included studies. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomized controlled trials and observational studies, which assessed the association between thiazide diuretic use and hip fracture. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently applied the selection criteria, extracted data and assessed risk of bias of each study selected. The results were summarized descriptively and quantitatively. Cohort studies and case control studies were analysed separately. MAIN RESULTS No randomized control trials were found. Twenty-one observational studies with nearly four hundred thousand participants were included. Six of them were cohort studies and 15 were case-control studies. Two cohort studies appear to involve the same cohort so there were only 5 unique ones. The risk of bias was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Five cohort studies had low risk of bias and one had moderate risk of bias. Seven case control studies had low risk of bias and 8 had moderate risk of bias. Meta-analysis of cohort studies showed that thiazide use was associated with a reduction in risk of hip fracture by 24%, pooled RR 0.76 (95% CI 0.64-0.89; p = 0.0009). We chose not to provide a pooled summary statistics for case-control studies because of high heterogeneity (Tau(2) = 0.03, I(2) = 62%, p = 0.0008). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Thiazides appear to reduce the risk of hip fracture based on observational studies. Randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Considerations on deploying high-performance container-based NFV

Over the last few years, the idea of network function virtualization (NFV) has become widespread, shifting the workload of hardware-based middleboxes onto applications on commodity hardware. Virtual machine is the common building block of the NFV platform, but its overhead on running additional OSes is a major drawback. With smaller overhead than VMs, containers are tested as the NFV platform, but their packet processing throughput is yet unsatisfactory. (≈ 1.1Mpps). In this paper, we focus on alternative performance evaluation of container-based NFV. We setup an evaluation system that forwards generated packets to container which returns back the network traffic to host and packet generator. As a result, we construct a container image that processes millions of packets per second (2.6Mpps) with low-latency (≤ 25μs) while keeping its size to the minimum (7.8MB). In addition, chaining of the container-based NF application shows that it preserves the high-performance (process over a million packets per seconds with latency ≈ 100μs) while adding up to 5 containers into the chain. Our evaluation system of lightweight, high-performance NFV requires no kernel modification nor hardware acceleration. To this end, we utilize BESS as a virtual switch for containers. As the main form of our work is not in the application development, we take full advantage of Click for network functions implementation in our evaluation.
Projective mapping compensation for the head movement during eye tracking

This paper presents an approach, using a screen camera closely fixed above the eye to measure and correct the head movement errors, which might free the chin-rest support in eye tracking. The captured screen images, which are warped due to free head movement, could be restored back to the original by applying 3D forward as well as inverse projective mapping. The projective mapping notation and the related processes are described. The preliminary experiment results obtained favored the assumption that head movement errors can be compensated. Eye-tracker free of chin-rest supporting is rather convenient in Human Computer Interaction (HCI) applications.
Intervención educativa con escolares para prevenir el tabaquismo

Objetivo: Incrementar los conocimientos de los efectos nocivos del tabaco y disminuir la intencionalidad de acercarse al mismo en escolares de 5o y 6o grado de primaria. Material y metodos: Se realizo un estudio cuasiexperimental con una intervencion educativa ludica con escolares de cuatro escuelas primarias de nivel federal de Guerrero, Jalisco, Morelos y Sonora durante marzo a julio de 2008. Se aplico un cuestionario con 34 reactivos dirigidos a indagar el tabaquismo, consumo de bebidas alcoholicas y otras adicciones del propio escolar, integrantes de la familia y del grupo y contexto social en el que se desenvuelve el nino. El cuestionario fue aplicado al inicio y al final del estudio. La intervencion educativa estuvo basada en el sustento teorico del constructivismo y se efectuaron 12 sesiones educativas impartidas por un profesional de la salud una vez a la semana con una hora de duracion. Resultados: Entre 1.2 y 3.9% de los ninos fuma actualmente. Con la intervencion educativa, la intencion de los escolares de fumar en el futuro disminuyo entre un 6 y 12%. Dentro de la familia de los escolares, los padres y tios son los que mas fuman. Entre 6 y 27% de los ninos se encuentra cercano a algun familiar adicto al cigarro. Aunque diversos estudios recomiendan intervenir en el 5o y 6o grado escolar; sin embargo, por la severidad del problema tendra que intervenirse en edades mas tempranas
A Study of Service Desk Setup in Implementing IT Service Management in Enterprises

Information Technology Service Management (ITSM) provides a framework to provide IT related services and the interaction of IT staff with users, and is often related with the British Government’s Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL). ITIL offers a set of “best practices” for managing IT services and is one of the most widely accepted approaches to IT service management in the world. Recently, more and more enterprises implemented a centralized IT service management model based on the ITIL framework. However, even by adopting ITIL, most of the enterprises didn’t improve their IT service management level. Some factors become the barriers to the success of ITIL and ITSM implementation. In some cases, enterprises paid more attention to IT infrastructure setup and operation but neglect the importance of Service Desk. In this study, we first review ITSM, ITIL and Service Desk. Second, we identify a full function of new Service Desk and how to setup a good Service Desk. Enterprises should take proper measures in building a mature Service Desk to ensure successful implementation of ITSM.
Identification and Management: Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome/veno‐occlusive disease related to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

&NA; Figure. No Caption available. BACKGROUND: Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), also called hepatic veno‐occlusive disease (VOD), is a potentially life‐threatening complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) that affects about 1 in 7 patients undergoing this procedure. SOS/VOD is caused by the conditioning regimens administered prior to HSCT; in some cases, SOS/VOD results from chemotherapy alone. SOS/VOD usually develops within three weeks following HSCT; however, it can have later onset. OBJECTIVES: Clearly understanding how SOS/VOD develops may support prompt detection and treatment when the condition arises. METHODS: Research on identification and management of SOS/VOD is summarized, and data from clinical trials are reviewed. FINDINGS: This article describes the syndrome, risk factors, signs and symptoms, and appropriate supportive care and treatment. The authors also offer some practical tips for detecting SOS/VOD and providing patient care, as well as the latest information on treating and preventing this condition.
Variability and Reliability Awareness in the Age of Dark Silicon

Ability to supply more transistors per chip is outpacing improvements in cooling and power delivery. The result is operation that selectively powers on or off subsets of transistors. This paper suggests innovate ways to take advantage of the consequent “dark” silicon to meet a pair of additional emerging challenges-reliability and tolerance of variability.
Efficient subband encoding of magnitude/phase spectra

For certain types of signals, perfect reconstruction is not essential. It is sufficient to have knowledge of either the magnitude or the phase spectrum only. Filter banks which introduce phase distortion are used for encoding speech signals. These schemes have an inherent redundancy; i.e., the samples are still transmitted at the sampling rate. It is shown how magnitude or phase information can be encoded at only half the sampling rate in a filter bank formalism. <<ETX>>
Caspase‐1‐induced pyroptotic cell death

Summary: Programmed cell death is a necessary part of development and tissue homeostasis enabling the removal of unwanted cells. In the setting of infectious disease, cells that have been commandeered by microbial pathogens become detrimental to the host. When macrophages and dendritic cells are compromised in this way, they can be lysed by pyroptosis, a cell death mechanism that is distinct from apoptosis and oncosis/necrosis. Pyroptosis is triggered by Caspase‐1 after its activation by various inflammasomes and results in lysis of the affected cell. Both pyroptosis and apoptosis are programmed cell death mechanisms but are dependent on different caspases, unlike oncosis. Similar to oncosis and unlike apoptosis, pyroptosis results in cellular lysis and release of the cytosolic contents to the extracellular space. This event is predicted to be inherently inflammatory and coincides with interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and IL‐18 secretion. We discuss the role of distinct inflammasomes, including NLRC4, NLRP3, and AIM2, as well as the role of the ASC focus in Caspase‐1 signaling. We further review the importance of pyroptosis in vivo as a potent mechanism to clear intracellular pathogens.
Sample Packs Trends in US Hospital Distribution of Industry-Sponsored Infant Formula

OBJECTIVE: To describe trends in the proportion of US hospitals that distribute industry-sponsored formula sample packs between 2007 and 2010. METHODS: This is a follow-up of a 2007 study. In 2007, we surveyed all 50 US states to determine the proportion of hospitals that distributed infant formula samples to new mothers. In 2010, we selected the 10 best-record and 10 worst-record states with regard to industrysponsored formula sample-pack distribution in 2007. We called all hospitals in these 20 states and asked if the maternity service distributed a “formula company-sponsored diaper discharge bag” to new mothers. We also recorded the respondent’s job title. RESULTS: We contacted 1239 hospitals in 20 states. In 2007, 14% of these hospitals were sample-pack–free. In 2010, 28% of the same hospitals were sample-pack–free; the proportion of sample-pack–free hospitals per state ranged from 0% (5 states) to 86% (Rhode Island). In the 10 best-record states, the weighted proportion of sample-pack– free hospitals increased by a mean difference of 18% between 2007 and 2010 (P ! .0001). In the 10 worst-record states, the weighted proportion of sample-pack–free hospitals increased by a mean difference of 6% (P! .01). CONCLUSION: Most US hospitals continue to distribute industrysponsored formula sample packs, but trends indicate a significant change in practice; increasing proportions of hospitals eliminate these packs. Change was more significant in states where higher proportions of hospitals had already eliminated packs in 2007. Pediatrics 2011;128:702–705 AUTHORS: Radha Sadacharan, BA,a Xena Grossman, RD, MS,a Emily Sanchez,a and Anne Merewood, PhD, MPH, IBCLCb aBreastfeeding Center and bDivision of General Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
How molecular motors extract order from chaos (a key issues review)

Molecular motors are the workhorses of living cells. Seemingly by ‘magic’, these molecules are able to complete purposeful tasks while being immersed in a sea of thermal chaos. Here, we review the current understanding of how these machines work, present simple models based on thermal ratchets, discuss implications for statistical physics, and provide an overview of ongoing research in this important and fascinating field of study.
EARLY CELL KINETIC EFECTS OF A SINGLE DOSE OF NARROW‐BANDED ULTRAVIOLET B IRRADIATION ON THE RAT CORNEAL EPITHELUM

Abstract— The right eyes of 40 rats were exposed to a signal erythemogenic dose fo ultraviolet B irradiation (UVB) at 297nm. The irradiation was directed perpenddicualr to the center of the cornea. The left eyes served as controls. The animals were randomly assigned into 10 groups. The labelling index (LI) after pluse labeling the tritiated thymidine and the mitotic rate (MR) after Colcemid administration were registered in the corneal epithelium at predetermined intervals up to 96 h after the irradiation. A mathematical method was used to corealted corresponding corneal areas from the different animals. In the central the LI was considerably reduced up to 36h after the irradiation. The LI increased toward the peripheral cornea and reached normal values at the limbal area. The MR was also reduced up to 36h. However, this reduction was over the entire epithelium. The block in cell proliferation was followed by increased proliferation.
Volumetric MRI analysis comparing subjects having attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder with normal controls

Article abstract-Objective: To test by MRI-based morphometry the a priori hypotheses that developmental anomalies exist in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in left caudate and right prefrontal/frontal/ and/or posterior parietal hemispheric regions, in accord with neurochemical, neuronal circuitry and attentional network hypotheses, and prior imaging studies. Design: Case-control study. Setting: Academic medical center. Participants: Fifteen male subjects with ADHD without comorbid diagnoses (aged 12.4 +/- 3.4 years) and 15 male normal controls (aged 14.4 +/- 3.4), group-matched for age, IQ, and handedness. Main outcome measures: Global and hemispheric regional volumes (in cm3) of cerebral hemispheres, cortex, white matter, ventricles, caudate, lenticulate, central gray nuclei, insula, amygdala, and hippocampus. Results: Despite similar hemispheric volumes, ADHD subjects had smaller volumes of (1) left total caudate and caudate head (p < 0.04), with reversed asymmetry (p < 0.03); (2) right anterior-superior (frontal) region en bloc (p < 0.03) and white matter (p < 0.01); (3) bilateral anterior-inferior region en bloc (p < 0.04); and (4) bilateral retrocallosal (parietal-occipital) region white matter (p < 0.03). Possible structural correlates of ADHD response to stimulants were noted in an exploratory analysis, with the smallest and symmetric caudate, and smallest left anterior-superior cortex volumes found in the responders, but reversed caudate asymmetry and the smallest retrocallosal white matter volumes noted in the nonresponders. Conclusions: This study is the first to report localized hemispheric structural anomalies in ADHD, which are concordant with theoretical models of abnormal frontal-striatal and parietal function, and with possible differing morphologic substrates of response to stimulant medication. NEUROLOGY 1997;48: 589-601
Partial blockade of skeletal muscle somatosensory afferents attenuates baroreflex resetting during exercise in humans

During exercise, the carotid baroreflex is reset to operate around the higher arterial pressures evoked by physical exertion. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the contribution of somatosensory input from the exercise pressor reflex to this resetting during exercise. Nine subjects performed seven minutes of dynamic cycling at 30 % of maximal work load and three minutes of static one‐legged contraction at 25 % maximal voluntary contraction before (control) and after partial blockade of skeletal muscle afferents with epidural anaesthesia. Carotid baroreflex function was assessed by applying rapid pulses of hyper‐ and hypotensive stimuli to the neck via a customised collar. Using a logistic model, heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) responses to carotid sinus stimulation were used to develop reflex function stimulus‐response curves. Compared with rest, control dynamic and static exercise reset carotid baroreflex‐HR and carotid baroreflex‐MAP curves vertically upward on the response arm and laterally rightward to higher operating pressures. Inhibition of exercise pressor reflex input by epidural anaesthesia attenuated the bi‐directional resetting of the carotid baroreflex‐MAP curve during both exercise protocols. In contrast, the effect of epidural anaesthesia on the resetting of the carotid baroreflex‐HR curve was negligible during dynamic cycling whereas it relocated the curve in a laterally leftward direction during static contraction. The data suggest that afferent input from skeletal muscle is requisite for the complete resetting of the carotid baroreflex during exercise. However, this neural input appears to modify baroreflex control of blood pressure to a greater extent than heart rate.
Collaborative Knowledge and Merging Media: Teaching Victorian Periodical Print Using Digital Tools

Using our teaching experiences as case studies, we demonstrate how the development of collaborative digital projects for students blends academic and public dialogue in way that mirrors Victorian periodical print culture. We discuss how our use of digital tools in Victorian literature courses produced profound and engaged student learning. These projects allowed students to participate in Victorian scholarship and understand their work as part of a broader academic conversation through the culture of sharing embedded in Web 2.0. Working with digital tools also helped them develop a more complex understanding of the contexts of Victorian literature.
Human-ComputerInteraction 12-16-2012 User Engagement in Educational Computer Gaming

This research-in-progress paper uses the grounded theory approach to understand user engagement in educational computer gaming. Twenty-one subjects who have experienced engagement with educational computer games were interviewed about their engaging experience with educational computer games. The preliminary results are presented in this paper, where they are conceptualized into three main categories: (i) conditions of engagement, (ii) characteristics of engagement, and (iii) outcomes of engagement.