Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE COMMUNICATIVE CONTEXTS OF ACCOMMODATION

Several of the key concerns that, some 15 years ago, underlay the development of a theory of interpersonal linguistic accommodation (cf. Giles, 1973; Giles et al., 1973) are still operative today. Most importantly, the need to understand style-shifting and code-choice in context still seems to be afforded inadequate priority in contemporary sociohnguistics, as witnessed for example in the recent review of sociolinguistic aims and methods by Milroy (1987). Milroy accurately reflects an enduring concern in sociolinguistics for survey designs, tracing dialect-variation between social groups, employing a methodology inspired by a search for ‘vernacular’ styles of language, in interviews or more natural settings. According to these priorities, situational variation in speech can appear to feature only as ‘noise’, interfering with the presentation of a vernacular ‘base-line’ style which is supposedly the ‘real’ object of sociolinguistic inquiry. It is perhaps significant that Milroy’s influential treatment restricts stylistic concerns to a final chapter. Though that chapter offers a highly valuable and self-contained review of recent research, we are inevitably led to feel that style is still peripheral to sociolinguistic concerns. It was in part to redress this bias towards ‘static’ sociolinguistic surveying that Giles’ early work under the heading of ‘accommodation’ was begun. Giles and Powesland (1975), for example, argued that explanatory initiatives in sociolinguistics needed to accept that styleor code-choice can be strategic and motivated, rather than a simple correlate of sociostructural variables such as region, class or social situation. Explanations would lie in formal study of the diverse socio-psychological processes-goals, recognised constraints, attributions and evaluations-that involve speakers and listeners in on-going interaction. The most crucial of these initial observations was that linguistic choices are not made in isolation, but relationally, as for example choices vis a vis interlocutors’ own choices. Accordingly, Speech Accommodation Theory (SAT) has evolved as an increasingly sophisticated model of the dynamics of interpersonal (and subsequently, intergroup) influence in talk.
Institutional Trust, Education, and Corruption: A Micro-Macro Interactive Approach

This article examines how the effect of education on institutional trust varies cross-nationally as a function of the pervasiveness of public-sector corruption. We approach institutional trust as a performance-based evaluation of political institutions. Given their greater capacity to accurately assess the level of corruption coupled with their stronger commitment to democratic values, we hypothesize that higher-educated citizens should react differently to corruption from those with less education. Employing multilevel models we find that education has both a conditional and a conditioning effect on institutional trust. First, education is negatively related to institutional trust in corrupt societies and positively related to institutional trust in clean societies. Second, the corrosive effect of corruption on institutional trust worsens as education improves. The article ends with a discussion of the implications of these findings for the functioning of contemporary democracies.
No-deposition Sediment Transport in Sewers Using of Gene Expression Programming

The deposition of flow suspended particles has always been a problematic case in the process of flow transmission through sewers. Deposition of suspended materials decreases transmitting capacity. Therefore, it is necessary to have a method capable of precisely evaluating the flow velocity in order to prevent deposition. In this paper, using Gene-Expression Programming, a model is presented which properly predicts sediment transport in sewer. In order to present Gene-Expression Programming model, firstly parameters which are effective on velocity are surveyed and considering each and every of them, six different models are presented. Among the presented models the best is being selected. The results show that using verification criteria, the presented model presents the results as Root Mean Squared Error, RMSE=0.12 and Mean Average Percentage Error, MAPE=2.56 for train and RMSE=0.14 and MAPE=2.82 for verification. Also, the model presented in this study was compared with the other existing sediment transport equations which were obtained using nonlinear regression analysis.
Swift follow-up of unidentified X-ray sources in the XMM–Newton Slew Survey

We present deep Swift follow-up observations of a sample of 94 unidentified X-ray sources from the XMM―Newton Slew Survey. The X-ray Telescope (XRT) on-board Swift detected 29 per cent of the sample sources; the flux limits for undetected sources suggest the bulk of the Slew Survey sources are drawn from one or more transient populations. We report revised X-ray positions for the XRT-detected sources, with typical uncertainties of 2.9 arcsec, reducing the number of catalogued optical matches to just a single source in most cases. We characterize the sources detected by Swift through their X-ray spectra and variability and via Ultraviolet-Optical Telescope photometry and using catalogued near-infrared, optical and radio observations of potential counterparts. Six sources can be associated with known objects and eight sources may be associated with unidentified ROSAT sources within the 3σ error radii of our revised X-ray positions. We find 10 of the 30 XRT- and/or Burst Alert Telescope (BAT)-detected sources are clearly stellar in nature, including one periodic variable star and two high proper motion stars. For 11 sources we propose an active galactic nucleus (AGN) classification, among which four are detected in hard X-rays and three have redshifts spanning z = 0.2-0.9 obtained from the literature or from optical spectroscopy presented here. A further three sources are suspected AGN and one is a candidate Galactic hard X-ray flash, while five sources remain unclassified. The 67 Slew Survey sources we do not detect with Swift XRT or BAT are studied via their characteristics in the Slew Survey observations and by comparison with the XRT- and BAT-detected population. We suggest that these are mostly if not all extragalactic, though unlikely to be highly absorbed sources in the X-rays such as Compton thick AGN. A large number of these are highly variable soft X-ray (0.2-2 keV) sources and a smaller number are highly variable hard (2-12 keV) sources. A small fraction of mainly hard-band Slew Survey detections may be spurious. This follow-up programme brings us a step further to completing the identifications of a substantial sample of XMM―Newton Slew Survey sources, important for understanding the nature of the transient sky and allowing flux-limited samples to be constructed.
Low Voltage and High Gain Bandwidth Constant Current Source using 90 nm CMOS Technology

Current source circuit is found as one of the basic element in designing of analog integrated and mixed mode circuits. In this paper a current source with low input impedance, high output impedance, and high gain is proposed. This current source circuit is designed by using seven n-type and four p-type MOSFETs. Simulation process of the proposed circuit is performed using 90nm CMOS technology. Input impedance, output impedance and accuracy are the most important parameters to observe the performance of the Current Source. The proposed current source circuit is operated at the supply voltage of 0.8V.
Episodic and Declining Fluvial Processes in Southwest Melas Chasma, Valles Marineris, Mars

There is abundant evidence for aqueous processes on Noachian terrains across Mars; however, key questions remain about whether these processes continued into the Hesperian as the martian climate became less temperate. One region with an extensive Hesperian sedimentary record is Valles Marineris. We use high‐resolution image and topographic data sets to investigate the fluvial systems in the southwest Melas basin, Valles Marineris, Mars. Fluvial landforms in the basin exist across a wide area, and some are preserved as inverted channels. The stratigraphy of the basin is complex: Fluvial landforms are preserved as planview geomorphic features and are also interbedded with layered deposits in the basin. The fluvial morphologies are consistent with formation by precipitation‐driven runoff. Fluvial processes in the basin were episodic, suggesting multiple wet and dry periods. During dry periods, mantling material accumulated, and significant volumes of sediment were eroded, inverting fluvial channels. During wet periods, inverted channels and mantling material infilling valleys were incised by further fluvial erosion. These trends for episodic fluvial processes are similarly reflected in the central depression of the southwest Melas basin, previously described as a paleolake. Ultimately, fluvial processes in the basin gradually shut down, becoming geographically restricted, and then ceased entirely. We show that branching valley networks are also present on the plateaus above Melas and Ius Chasma, which converge on the heads of tributary canyons. These suggest that precipitation‐driven runoff processes also extended onto the plateaus of Valles Marineris.
EFFECT OF INDOFIL TOXICITY ON MCHC OF Channa punctatus (BLOCH.)

The present investigation deals with the study of effect of fungicide, Indofil on the freshwater teleost fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch.) to study the effect of the sub-lethal concentration of Indofil on certain haematological parameter i.e.; MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration). Indofil is a carbamate fungicide and its LC 50 has been calculated by the log-dose/Probit regression line method (Finney, 1971) and was recorded as 10.96 ppm. Sub-lethal concentration (8ppm) of Indofil was given to four experimental groups for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs. Indofil showed a non significant to very highly significant decrease in MCHC.
Modeling Impact of Economic Status on Body Mass Index among Women of Reproductive Age in Nigeria: Using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA)

High body mass index has been reported to have several health conditions on indivuals and lowers self-esteem as well as has negative consequences on the cognitive and social development of a person. On a broad view, obesity is a prominent yet preventable cause of death and its prevalence both in children and adults is on the increase. In relation to men, women have a relatively higher burden of disease attributable to overweight and obesity. This study examined the inter-relationship between the socio-economic status and body mass index among women of reproductive age in Nigeria. The study was a cross-sectional design and utilized 2013 Nigeria Demographic Health and Survey dataset. The Nationally representative sample of 38,948 women in all selected households represented a response rate of 98% of women. The sample design for the 2013 NDHS provides estimates at the national level, urban-rural areas, for each of the six zones, for each of the 36 states, and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). Data were analyzed using STATA Software version 12.0. Summary statistics, analysis of variance and analysis of covariance were conducted. p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. This study clearly revealed that wealth is directly proportional to the BMI of the women of reproductive age in Nigeria. Richest women of reproductive age in Nigeria had highest BMI and vis-à-vis the poorest women. Age was found to be a significant confounder. This study also interestingly revealed that the women living in the southern regions of Nigeria have significantly higher body mass index values than those living in the Northern part of the country. Although, at the 90 quintile, the south-west was found to have the highest BMI value, the south-south has the highest BMI value on the average with the north-east having the lowest BMI value. There is need to enlighten women of reproductive age specifically of high socio-economic status on the implication of high body mass index and how it relates to health and disease occurrence.
AT-VESSEL FISHING MORTALITY FOR SIx SPECIES OF SHARkS CAUGHT IN THE NORTHWEST ATLANTIC ANd GULF OF MExICO

From 1994-2005 the Commercial Shark Fishery Observer Program (CSFOP) placed fishery observ- ers aboard US bottom longline vessels engaged in directed fishing for sharks in the region from New Jersey to Louisiana, USA. Observers routinely recorded species specific at-vessel mortality as related to enduring the stress of longline capture. Data for 5 species of sharks (sandbar Carcharhinus plumbeus, blacktip Carcharhinus limbatus, dusky Carcharhinus obscurus, tiger Galeocerdo cuvier, scalloped hammerhead Sphyrna lewini, and great hammer- head Sphyrna mokarran) were analyzed in this study. Multiple stepwise linear regressions indicate that age group, soak time and bottom water temperature can be used as predictors of at-vessel mortality and that size restrictions, size selective gear, restricting the soak time and time/area closures may be beneficial to fisheries targeting large coastal sharks.
Optimal control of MIMO dead-time linear systems with dead-time compensation structure

State space optimal controllers became popular over the last decades mainly because of its performance and robustness properties, as well as easy extension for multi-variable systems (MIMO). On the other hand, many industrial processes present dominant dead-time which may cause issues related to performance or even stability. Despite of its importance, few works from optimal control may be traced for this matter. In order to deal with dead-time effect one may use dead-time compensation (DTC) structures, mainly applied for single-variable systems (SISO). Within this context, this work proposes to modify a prediction structure recently proposed aiming to combine the best properties of both DTC and optimal control for MIMO linear systems. Simulation results along with the application to an experimental setup of a neonatal incubator prototype are presented to highlight the advantages and show the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, as well as its practical aspect.
Effect of Social Media Marketing on Small Scale Business Performance in Ota-Metropolis, Nigeria

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of social media marketing on small scale business performance. In today's social media driven environment, it is essential that small businesses understand facebook, twitter, and the strategies behind using social media for growing their business. Unfortunately, many small businesses do not have a strategy when they begin using social media. The objectives of this study include the following: to determine how effective employee training about social media of small to medium enterprises has increase brand awareness, to examine how employee participation in SME's operation has increase sales, to identify how continuous improvement of SME's strategies has improve customer service, and to examine how managerial commitment of SME's has increase the implementation of social media campaigns. One hundred and fifty copies of questionnaire were administered to owner-managers and employees of selected SME's in Ota Metropolis of which one hundred and thirty five of the questionnaires were returned completely filled and fifteen were not returned. Four hypotheses were formulated from the structure of the research questions, ANOVA, Correlation and other statistical tools were used in testing these hypotheses. A descriptive approach is presented, followed by an in-depth structured questionnaire with the small business owners. The study reveals the different strategies the owner uses to build and maintain relationships with consumers and the study concludes with important implications for small businesses. Networking and creating relationships with other businesses, increases brand exposure. By promoting another business or their product, they may promote yours. Engaging others makes your business visible to their audience and has the potential to reach hundreds or thousands of consumers. Focusing more on relationships than sales, increases sales. Social media provides businesses the opportunity to engage their audience on many different levels, including personal. In the beginning, it is important for a business to focus on creating relationships with consumers. An owner can show interest in its audience by commenting on individual's posts or asking questions. Doing so also exposes the business to friends of fans and followers, increasing the business's reach.
INHIBITION OF CARSINOGENESIS BY SEED AND SOYBEAN MEAL EXTRACT IN COLON OF MICE: APOPTOSIS AND DYSPLASIA

Objective: Colon cancer is a major public health problem. Soybean has demonstrated chemopreventive and anticancer. Here, we have investigated the effect of a standardized seed and soybean meal extract (SE) with content of lunasin, here named grobogan extract (GE) and SE. They are botanical drug substance in experimental models of colon cancer in vivo. Methods: The effect of GE and SE was examined on the preneoplastic lesions (aberrant crypt foci), polyps and tumors induced by the carcinogenic agent azoxymethane (10 mg/kg) and dextran sodium sulfate 2% as well as in a xenograft model of colon cancer in mice. Results: GE and SE increased apoptosis (p=0.001). GE (150 mg/kg) has the highest impact level of apoptosis (p=0.009). GE and SE decreased dysplasia (p=0.024). GE (200 mg/kg) has the highest impact level of dysplasia (p=0.002), and SE (200 mg/kg) has the second impact level of dysplasia (p=0.003). Conclusions: GE and SE inhibition of colon carcinogenesis with increased level of apoptosis and decrease level of dysplasia. Keywords: Soybean, Lunasin, Colon cancer, Azoxymethane, Dextran sodium sulfate, Apoptosis, Dysplasia.
Response of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the Erythrocyte and Liver of Rainbow Trout Exposed to Carbosulfan

Present study was conducted to determine the effects of long term carbosulfan exposure on erythrocyte and liver acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and to assess sensitive tissue to carbosulfan in terms of AChE activity. For these purpose, fish were allowed to recover in toxicant-free water for 24 days after 60 days of exposure. AChE activity was determined spectrophotometrically using acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate in the erythrocyte and liver. Erythrocyte and liver AChE of carbosulfan-exposed fish showed considerable inhibition rate. A higher degree of enzyme inhibition was observed in the erythrocyte when compared with liver. The degree of enzyme inhibition had a positive correlation with the time of exposure. Erythrocyte and liver AChE activities were recovered after 18 d and 21 d, respectively. Results indicate that the erythrocyte AChE activity is more sensitive to carbosulfan exposure than that of liver AChE. The greater sensitivity of the erythrocyte AChE suggests that it may be more useful as a biomarker of carbosulfan exposure or contamination.
Pseudogenes and Gene Duplications Tell a Story of Evolutionary Fates of Animal Alpha Carbonic Anhydrases

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozymes CA IV and CA XV are anchored on the extracellular cell surface via glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) linkage. Analysis of evolution of these isozymes in vertebrates reveals an additional group of GPI-linked CAs, CA XVII, which has been lost in mammals. Our work resolves nomenclature issues in GPI-linked fish CAs. Review of expression data brings forth previously unreported tissue and cancer types in which human CA IV is expressed. Analysis of collective glycosylation patterns of GPIlinked CAs suggests functionally important regions on the protein surface. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Refining the partition for multifold conic optimization problems

ABSTRACT In this paper, we give a unified treatment of two different definitions of complementarity partition of multifold conic programs introduced independently in Bonnans and Ramírez [Perturbation analysis of second-order cone programming problems, Math Program. 2005;104(2–30):205–227] for conic optimization problems, and in Peña and Roshchina [A complementarity partition theorem for multifold conic systems, Math Program. 2013;142(1–2):579–589] for homogeneous feasibility problems. We show that both can be treated within the same unified geometric framework and extend the latter notion to optimization problems. We also show that the two partitions do not coincide, and their intersection gives a seven-set index partition. Finally, we demonstrate that the partitions are preserved under the application of nonsingular linear transformations, and in particular, that a standard conversion of a second-order cone program into a semidefinite programming problem preserves the partitions.
A conceptual model for migratory tundra caribou to explain and predict why shifts in spatial fidelity of breeding cows to their calving grounds are infrequent

Calving grounds of migratory tundra caribou (Rangifer tarandus) have two prominent characteristics. Firstly, the cows are gregarious, and secondly, the annual calving grounds spatially overlap in consecutive years (spatial fidelity). The location of consecutive annual calving grounds can gradually shift (either rotationally or un-directional) or more rarely, abruptly (non-overlapping). We propose a mechanism to interpret and predict changes in spatial fidelity. We propose that fidelity is linked to gregariousness with its advantages for individual fitness (positive density-dependence). Our argument is based on a curvilinear relationship between the density of cows on the calving ground (which we use to index gregariousness) and spatial fidelity. Extremely high or low densities are two different mechanisms which can lead to reduced spatial fidelity to annual calving grounds and reflect the caribou’s adaptive use of its calving ranges.
Electron Ionization of Serine and Threonine: a Discussion about Peak Intensities

The present study describes the fragmentation under electron ionization (EI) of gas phase serine and threonine amino acids. Ab initio methods were performed to calculate the fragmentation paths and interpret the mass spectra. The six lowest energy conformers of L-serine, L-threonine and L-allo-threonine were obtained with B3LYP, G3MP2 and MP2 methods. The adiabatic and vertical ionization energies of the most stable conformers are reported. The structures of fragment ions and neutral species formed by direct bond cleavages as well as rearrangement reactions were obtained. Appearance energies (AE) were calculated for the formation of particular fragment ions at 200 °C. The order of peak intensities were compared with the theoretical calculated AEs, and a complementary explanation was provided about the relative abundance of fragmentation products.
Effect of baricity of intrathecal Bupivacaine on surgical environment in Urological procedures - A Comparative Study

A comparative study was done with intrathecal bupivacaine of two different baricities. viz., isobaric 0.25% and hyberbaric 0.50%. The study was done in patients who underwent urological procedures. Surgical environment was compared in both groups. Surgeons were satisfied with surgical environment in both groups. Patients were satisfied with anaesthesia in both the groups. No complications were noted in both groups though all were elderly patients. Isobaric bupivacaine had a slower onset of level of block but produced an intense sensory and motor blockade, like hyperbaric bupivacaine. Height of analgesia and the duration of motor and sensory block were similar between the two groups, probably because the mass of bupivacaine injected was the same. Thus, we conclude that the mass of the drug is more important than the concentration in determining the surgical environment.