Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AreWHO / UNAIDS / UNICEF-recommended replacement milks for infants of HIV-infected mothers appropriate in the South African context ?

Objective Little is known about the nutritional adequacy and feasibility of breastmilk replacement options recommended by WHO/ UNAIDS/UNICEF. The study aim was to explore suitability of the 2001 feeding recommendations for infants of HIV-infected mothers for a rural region in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa specifically with respect to adequacy of micronutrients and essential fatty acids, cost, and preparation times of replacement milks. Methods Nutritional adequacy, cost, and preparation time of home-prepared replacement milks containing powdered full cream milk (PM) and fresh full cream milk (FM) and different micronutrient supplements (2 g UNICEF micronutrient sachet, government supplement routinely available in district public health clinics, and best available liquid paediatric supplement found in local pharmacies) were compared. Costs of locally available ingredients for replacement milk were used to calculate monthly costs for infants aged one, three, and six months.Total monthly costs of ingredients of commercial and home-prepared replacement milks were compared with each other and the average monthly income of domestic or shop workers. Time needed to prepare one feed of replacement milk was simulated. Findings When mixed with water, sugar, and each micronutrient supplement, PM and FM provided <50% of estimated required amounts for vitamins E and C, folic acid, iodine, and selenium and <75% for zinc and pantothenic acid. PM and FM made with UNICEF micronutrient sachets provided 30% adequate intake for niacin. FM prepared with any micronutrient supplement provided no more than 32% vitamin D.All PMs provided more than adequate amounts of vitamin D. Compared with the commercial formula, PM and FM provided 8–60% of vitamins A, E, and C, folic acid, manganese, zinc, and iodine. Preparations of PM and FM provided 11% minimum recommended linoleic acid and 67% minimum recommended α-linolenic acid per 450 ml mixture. It took 21–25 minutes to optimally prepare 120 ml of replacement feed from PM or commercial infant formula and 30–35 minutes for the fresh milk preparation. PM or FM cost approximately 20% of monthly income averaged over the first six months of life; commercial formula cost approximately 32%. Conclusion No home-prepared replacement milks in South Africa meet all estimated micronutrient and essential fatty acid requirements of infants aged <6 months. Commercial infant formula is the only replacement milk that meets all nutritional needs. Revisions of WHO/UNAIDS/UNICEF HIV and infant feeding course replacement milk options are needed. If replacement milks are to provide total nutrition, preparations should include vegetable oils, such as soybean oil, as a source of linoleic and α-linolenic acids, and additional vitamins and minerals.
A Card-type RFID Antenna with a T-type Matching Circuit for Bandwidth Enhancement

Matching Circuit for Bandwidth Enhancement # Keisuke Noguchi , Tetsuo Moroya , Motoo Mizusawa , Shin-ichi Betsudan , Shigeru Makino , and Takurou Sasaki 3 1 Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Kanazawa Institute of Technology 7-1 Ohgigaoka, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8501 Japan, noguchi@neptune.kanazawa-it.ac. jp 2 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kanazawa Technical College 2-270 Hisayasu, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 921-8601 Japan 3 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation 8-1-1 Tsukaguchi-Honmachi, Amagasaki, Hyogo, 661-8661 Japan
Hydration and Muscular Performance Does Fluid Balance Affect Strength , Power and High-Intensity Endurance ?

907 1. Important Influences in Previous Research . 908 1.1 Exacerbating Factors . 908 1.2 Masking Factors . 909 1.3 Other Potential Influences . 910 1.4 Ecological Validity and Best Practices for Future Research . 910 2. Effects of Hypohydration on Muscular Performance . 910 2.1 Strength . 912 2.2 Power . 914 2.3 High-Intensity Endurance . 915 2.4 Comparisons and Relevance of Conclusions . 916 2.5 Important Considerations . 917 3. Potential Mechanisms of Hypohydration . 917 3.1 Cardiovascular Mechanisms . 917 3.2 Metabolic Mechanisms . 918 3.3 Buffering Mechanisms . 918 3.4 Neuromuscular Mechanisms . 918 4. Conclusions . 919 Significant scientific evidence documents the deleterious effects of hypohydraAbstract tion (reduced total body water) on endurance exercise performance; however, the influence of hypohydration on muscular strength, power and high-intensity endurance (maximal activities lasting >30 seconds but <2 minutes) is poorly understood due to the inconsistent results produced by previous investigations. Several subtle methodological choices that exacerbate or attenuate the apparent effects of hypohydration explain much of this variability. After accounting for these factors, hypohydration appears to consistently attenuate strength (by ≈2%), power (by ≈3%) and high-intensity endurance (by ~10%), suggesting alterations in total body water affect some aspect of force generation. Unfortunately, the relationships between performance decrement and crucial variables such as mode, degree and rate of water loss remain unclear due to a lack of suitably uninfluenced data. The physiological demands of strength, power and high-intensity endurance couple with a lack of scientific support to argue against previous hypotheses that suggest alterations in cardiovascular, metabolic and/or buffering function represent the performance-reducing mechanism of hypohydration. On the other
Dynamic scheduling of Instructions in Transport Triggered Architecture based Processors

Usually the embedded systems have real time performance requirements. The time predictability of hardware architectures designed for real time applications are of great importance. In modern machines, the processor architectures for high performance computing have been focusing on dynamic scheduling technique to issue and execute multiple instructions concurrently. This technique primarily uses special hardware to analyse the instructions stream during run time and determine the dependencies of each instruction. On the other hand, static scheduling technique uses the compiler to determine dependencies of an instruction at compile time and schedules it accordingly. This method of static scheduling leads to bad performance when variable latency instructions are involved. Since it is impossible for the compiler to determine the completion time of such an instruction during compilation time, it leads to an inefficient schedule. However, one advantage of static scheduling technique is time predictability. Transport triggered architecture is a class of architecture, that exhibits parallelism not only at operation level, but at the data transport level too. This architecture allows for better hardware utilization due to its exposed datapath. The key feature of this architecture is the separation of data operations and data transports. This separation also allows for the machine cycle to be reduced. TTA can generate instructions by specifying the transports instead of operations. Unlike VLIWs, where the operations are packed in a single instruction, TTA packs multiple data transports in a single instruction. So far, the research works carried out in the instruction scheduling techniques of TTA were based on static method. This means that the compiler packs a few data transports in every clock cycle and these are then executed by the hardware. In case of variable latency functional units, the exact latency is known only during run time. Therefore the compiler has to schedule such functional units taking into consideration the maximum latency. This leads to an under-utilization of performance. Dynamic scheduling enables the performance utilization of such functional units by scheduling the instructions at run-time. In this thesis, efforts were taken to explore the dynamic scheduling possibilities in this class of processor architecture. We introduced two algorithms, Latency Stalling and Dynamic Scheduler. In the former, the instruction fetch is stalled if a structural hazard is detected. In the latter, we use buffers for
RECONSTITUTING DEMOCRACY IN EUROPE RECON Online Working Paper 2010/27

The capability approach developed by Martha Nussbaum and Amartya Sen has received substantial attention in recent years, in philosophical exchanges as well as in more applied discussions on policy-making, in particular in developing countries, but lately also in Western countries, including Europe and the EU. This paper contributes to the philosophical exchanges of Nussbaum’s version of the capability approach. Nussbaum herself presents her contribution as an alternative to John Rawls’ theory of justice, and following her lead, this paper compares Nussbaum and Rawls. The first part presents Nussbaum’s position and how it differs from Rawls’; the second and third parts develop arguments against substituting primary goods and a procedural justification of justice (Rawls) with capabilities and an ethical justification of justice (Nussbaum); the fourth part highlights some problems with Nussbaum’s conception of justice compared to Rawls’. The fifth and final part discusses how the critical points of the first four parts relate to European studies discussions on legitimacy in general and to RECON’s normative framework in particular. The merits of Nussbaum’s approach from a gender perspective are given particular attention.
1 PLASTICITY , COMPLEXITY , AND THE INDIVIDUAL

The first half of the 20th century was a pivotal time for biology. The different branches of evolutionary biology, from genetics to paleontology, operated independently, each with its own debates and guiding theories. A major shift started in the 1930s, when theoretical and empirical work in population genetics (1) reconciled Mendelian inheritance with natural selection, (2) demonstrated that microevolution and macroevolution were compatible, and (3) elevated Darwin’s views of descent with modification and evolution by natural selection as unifying theories in biology (Mayr & Provine 1998). These achievements, now referred to as the Modern Synthesis (Mayr & Provine 1998), enabled researchers to delineate a set of principles that could explain variation in genetic and phenotypic patterns over space and time. For example, we can understand the maintenance and spread of selfish genetic elements within the genome (e.g., transposable elements) or selfish individuals in a population (e.g., cheaters) using the same conceptual framework and principles of evolution by natural selection. Nevertheless, the Modern Synthesis, in its original conception, was limited: its application and appeal were largely limited to branches of biology interested in population-level processes. While there were attempts to incorporate a role for individual development and physiology into this broader evolutionary synthesis by Goldschmidt (1940), Schmalhausen (1949), and Waddington (1942), such efforts remained
International Solid-State Circuits Conference ISSCC 2018 / SESSION 6 / ULTRA-HIGH-SPEED WIRELINE / 6 . 5 6 . 5 A 64 Gb / s PAM-4 Transceiver Utilizing an Adaptive Threshold ADC in 16 nm FinFET

ADC-based transceivers having up to 8 bits of resolution have been reported for PAM-4 links above 50Gb/s [1,2], although fewer bits are sufficient and offer lower power for short reach (SR) channels. To further reduce the power consumption of ADC-based wireline transceivers, non-uniform quantization has been explored [3,4] using performance metrics for the complete link, such as bit-error rate (BER), to optimize the quantizer thresholds. Both [3,4] are PAM-2 (NRZ) receivers, demonstrating non-uniform quantization specifically for a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) at 10Gb/s and a feedforward equalizer (FFE) at 4Gb/s respectively. An LMS algorithm in [4] adjusts the threshold levels requiring fine-tuning (8b resolution). This paper presents a 64Gb/s PAM-4 transceiver utilizing an ADCbased receiver (RX), with an analog front-end (AFE) based on a 6b, 1b folding, flash ADC with adaptive threshold levels. A fast greedy-search algorithm is used to choose the optimal quantizer thresholds for minimum BER over a given channel. This provides a near-optimal way of power-scaling the ADC when the channel loss doesn’t require the ADC’s full resolution. The optimization can work in the background for any equalizer structure, does not place additional requirements on the ADC design, and never diverges, unlike LMS-based approaches [4].
A Framework for Virtually-Guided Certification of Die Cast Manufacturing Processes

Die casting is an important process of metal manufacturing used in automotive, housing and other industries. The need of simulations to understand the physics and estimate the product quality in manufacturing is growing. It is convenient and financially viable to use computer simulations as replacements to real life experiments. There are uncertainties in the inputs like temperature, metal speed, thermal boundary conditions etc. which affect the product quality. In this paper, we present a computational framework developed to analyze the impact of these uncertainties in the simulations. The framework consists of fast numerical simulations, micro-structure characterization, experimental inputs, sensitivity analysis and uncertainty propagation from stochastically varying inputs to the quality of the cast product. We are developing a 3D finite volume based Navier-Stokes solver running on an unstructured mesh of hexa-hedral elements. The unstructured hexa-hedral mesh helps to represent complex geometries with less number of control volumes while maintaining good accuracy. The flow solver includes computations of the fluid flow, natural convection, heat transfer and solidification. Multigrid methods are used to accelerate the convergence and the GPU is used to reduce the solution time. The temperature gradient, rate of cooling, velocities and other flow parameters are used to estimate the microstructure parameters such as primary and secondary dendrite arm spacings. These microstructure parameters govern the final quality of the cast product. Empirical models used in the simulation will be calibrated using experimental data, including effects of their uncertainty. The overall approach will be rigorously verified using published numerical results and validated using experimental results. Since there is a significant amount of uncertainty in process parameters and it is practically difficult to tightly control all parameters, uncertainty analysis is performed to quantify impact of variation of each process parameter on casting quality. This overall framework will help in assessing importance of each process parameter, its effect on casting quality and amount of variation in input that can be allowed with a constraint of maintaining quality within given bounds.
INTEGRATING CLIMATE CHANGE INTO CONSERVATION PLANNING FOR TAXUSCHINENSIS , AN ENDANGERED ENDEMIC TREE PLANT IN CHINA

Climate change has the potential to severely threaten Taxuschinensis, an endangered endemic tree plant in China. Hence, we need to plan conservation areas for T. chinensis in light of climate change. We applied the common species distribution modelling software Maxent to generate maps of current and projected future distributions of T. chinensis. These distributional maps with conservation planning software were used to determine priority protection areas (PPAs). Then, we evaluated the ability of existing nature reserves to conserve T. chinensis and performed a gap analysis for the species under climate change. The PPAs of T. chinensis were mainly distributed within central and southern China. Nature reserves such as Zhangjiajiedani, Yangzie, Wolong, Baishuijiang and Dabashan have the greatest potential to protect T. chinensis under climate change. In situ and ex situ conservation of T. chinensis in the PPAs of these five nature reserves should be a priority. However, existing nature reserves lag far behind the PPAs with respect to total area. Therefore, more nature reserves are urgently needed for species like T. chinensis to cope with rapid climate change. Meanwhile, we should strengthen protection and management of areas that will experience an increase in T. chinensis while enhancing both monitoring and protection activities for T. chinensis in PPAs that are predicted to experience decreases in population size. Finally, we suggest that climate change must be integrated into conservation planning for the endangered plant species, T. chinensis.
Development of a Collision Avoidance Validation and Evaluation Tool ( CAVEAT ) Addressing the intrinsic uncertainty in TCAS II and ACAS X

Airborne Collision Avoidance Systems (ACAS) form a key safety barrier by providing last-moment resolution advisories (RAs) to pilots for avoiding mid-air collisions. For the generation of advisories ACAS uses various ownship state estimates (e.g. pressure altitude) and othership measurements (e.g. range, bearing). Uncertainties, such as noise in ACAS input signals and variability in pilot performance imply that the generation of RAs and the effectuated aircraft trajectories are non-deterministic processes. These can be analysed effectively by Monte Carlo (MC) simulation of the various uncertainties in encounter scenarios. Existing ACAS simulation tools reflect the intrinsic uncertainties to a limited extent only. In recognition of the need of an ACAS evaluation tool that supports MC simulation of these uncertainties, this paper develops an agent-based model, which captures uncertainties in ACAS input and pilot performance for the simulation of encounter scenarios, while using ACAS algorithms (TCAS II, ACAS Xa). The novel ACAS evaluation tool is named CAVEAT (Collision Avoidance Validation and Evaluation Tool). Through illustrative MC simulation results it is demonstrated that the uncertainties can have significant effect on the variability in timing and types of RAs, and subsequently on the variability in the closest point of approach (CPA). It is shown that even mean results of MC simulation can differ significantly from results of a deterministic simulation. Most importantly, the tails of CPA probability distributions are affected. This stipulates that addressing all intrinsic uncertainties through MC simulation is essential for proper evaluation of ACAS.
STUDY ON THE MEAT SECTOR IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

Agricultural and food sectors worldwide are affected by globalization, the changes in the rules governing international trade and national and international policies regarding agriculture and competition. These sectors face on one side with a glut of food markets, and on the other hand, with an increase in consumer requirements regarding the quality of the final product. Consumer requirements may include food safety or some social aspects (protecting the environment, promoting biodiversity, improvement of animal welfare, fair trade, etc.). This study analyzes the meat market in the European Union, namely the development and availability of meat average consumption per capita in the period in which these indicators have declined. In the 27 European Union member states (EU-27), the year 2013 marked the lowest average consumption of meat per capita in the last decade, 64.7 kg, respectively, 10.7 kg / capita beef, 30.8 kg / capita pork, 21.3 kg / capita poultry meat and 1.9 kg / capita sheep and goat meat. The level of meat consumption was influenced by the decrease in meat production and the high costs of feed in the first half of the year which rose to a record high price of meat, coupled with decreases in revenue due to the economic crisis. Due to economic recovery and slightly downwards of prices, total meat consumption per capita in the EU has rebounded slightly, rising by 1.95 kg per capita by 2015.
Effect of HPV Infection on the Occurrence and Development of Laryngeal Cancer: A Review

Laryngeal cancer has the second highest incidence of head and neck malignant tumors worldwide. In recent years, studies have shown that human papillomavirus (HPV) infection may be a high-risk factor for laryngeal cancer and closely related to the development and prognosis of laryngeal cancer. The mechanism of the occurrence and development of laryngeal cancer caused by HPV infection needs investigation, as does a rapid and effective HPV detection method for effectively preventing the occurrence of laryngeal cancer and controlling its development. Many studies have explored the relation between HPV infection and laryngeal cancer. Here we review the research progress in investigating HPV infection in terms of DNA, mRNA and protein levels in the occurrence and development of laryngeal cancer and routine HPV detection methods.
Tile-Load-Map architecture for terrain rendering : theory and applications

This paper describes a robust, modular, complete GPU architecture—the Tile-Load-Map (TLM)—designed for the real-time visualization of wide textured terrains created with arbitrary meshes. It extends and completes our previous succinct paper Amara et al. (ISVC 2007, Part 1, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4841, pp. 586– 597, Springer, Berlin, 2007) by giving further technical and implementation details. It provides new solutions to problems that had been left unresolved, in the context of a joint use of OpenGL and CUDA, optimized on the G80 graphics chip. We explain the crucial components of the shaders, and emphasize the progress we have proposed, while resolving some difficulties. We show that this texturing architecture is well suited to current challenges, and takes into account most of the distinctive aspects of terrain rendering. Finally, we demonstrate how the design of the TLM facilitates the integration of geomatic input-data into procedural selection/rendering tasks on the GPU, and immediate applications to amplification.
Physical Unclonable Function (PUF)-Based e-Cash Transaction Protocol (PUF-Cash)

Electronic money (e-money or e-Cash) is the digital representation of physical banknotes augmented by added use cases of online and remote payments. This paper presents a novel, anonymous e-money transaction protocol, built based on physical unclonable functions (PUFs), titled PUF-Cash. PUF-Cash preserves user anonymity while enabling both offline and online transaction capability. The PUF’s privacy-preserving property is leveraged to create blinded tokens for transaction anonymity while its hardware-based challenge–response pair authentication scheme provides a secure solution that is impervious to typical protocol attacks. The scheme is inspired from Chaum’s Digicash work in the 1980s and subsequent improvements. Unlike Chaum’s scheme, which relies on Rivest, Shamir and Adlemans’s (RSA’s) multiplicative homomorphic property to provide anonymity, the anonymity scheme proposed in this paper leverages the random and unique statistical properties of synthesized integrated circuits. PUF-Cash is implemented and demonstrated using a set of Xilinx Zynq Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). Experimental results suggest that the hardware footprint of the solution is small, and the transaction rate is suitable for large-scale applications. An in-depth security analysis suggests that the solution possesses excellent statistical qualities in the generated authentication and encryption keys, and it is robust against a variety of attack vectors including model-building, impersonation, and side-channel variants.
Left internal mammary artery ( LIMA ) � irst : A unique approach to maximize patient safety for combined carotid endarterectomy and coronary artery bypass grafting

Patients with symptomatic carotid artery disease and symptomatic CAD are at higher risk for cerebrovascular accident (CVA) versus patients that are only symptomatic from one disease process [1]. Minimizing the stroke risk is of paramount concern to both vascular surgeons and their patients. In this paper, we present a modi ication of the combined approach, which we refer to as the “LIMA irst approach. ”