Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stakeholder, citizen and consumer interests in farm animal welfare

The assessment and improvement of animal welfare are the tasks and joint responsibility of many stakeholders involved in the agro-food chain. This paper first looks at the supply side of the chain, and presents different stakeholder views on farm animal welfare, discussing the potential for market differentiation, communication and labelling related to farm animal welfare standards. From the demand side, the paper then examines the duality that exists between citizens’ attitudes and consumer behaviour in relation to animal welfare and livestock products, and identifies distinct segments of citizens and consumers. Although the importance that citizens claim to attach to animal welfare seems relatively strong, consumers’ interest in information about animal welfare is only moderate compared to other product attributes, and the market shares of products with a distinct animal welfare identity remain small. The paper concludes that while there seems to be substantial consensus between supply chain stakeholders, citizens and consumers about what is relevant for achieving an acceptable level of farm animal welfare, the differentiation and satisfaction potential of increased animal welfare per se as a stand-alone product attribute seems limited to particular niche market segments. It argues that improved farm animal welfare is more likely be realised and valued by consumers when it is integrated within a broader concept of quality, such as quality assurance or sustainability schemes.
Respuesta al tratamiento de la neuropatía diabética dolorosa

Objetivo: Evaluar la respuesta al tratamiento de la neuropatía diabética dolorosa, en los pacientes de la consulta externa de la clínica del dolor del INCMNSZ en el período de enero de 1999 a diciembre de 2003. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo en el que se revisaron 158 expedientes de pacientes con diagnóstico de neuropatía diabética. Incluyéndose 119 y excluyéndose 39 por diversas causas. Se evaluó respuesta al tratamiento mediante la escala visual análoga (EVA), comparándose los valores iniciales a la mitad y final del período estimado, así como el tratamiento, correlacionándose con los distintos tratamientos aplicados. Resultados: Se observaron diferencias significativas entre los valores medio y finales respecto al basal p < 0.05; así como con todos los fármacos empleados (p < 0.05). Sin embargo, no se observaron diferencias significativas entre ellos. Discusión: Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que todos los medicamentos empleados fueron útiles para el control del dolor, disminuyendo éste en diversos grados.
Correlation between Preoperative Pulmonary Artery Pressure and Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia to occur after cardiac surgery. The incidence of post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) has been reported to range from 10 to 65%. It is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, longer hospital stay and increased costs. A number of studies have examined the predictors of POAF. There have never been any studies evaluating the correlation between pre-operative pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and the incidence of POAF. Objective : This study aims to prospectively assess pre-operative mean PAP as a predictor of POAF. Methods : One hundred and nine consecutive elective cardiac surgery patients were enrolled. Baseline demographic data were obtained. A Swan-Ganz catheter was inserted before beginning the cardiac operation. The PAP was recorded before induction of general anesthesia. Holter-monitoring was performed for 72 hours after the cardiac surgery. The primary endpoint was the overall occurrence of POAF. Results : Overall POAF occurred in 29 (26.6%) of the 109 patients. Compared to patients with no POAF, the patients who developed POAF had larger left atrial sizes (4.2 ± 0.4 versus 3.7 ± 0.4 cm, p<0.001). There were no differences in baseline characteristics. Mean PAP levels in POAF patients were significantly higher than those in non-POAF patients (21.84 ± 6.71 versus 18.6 ± 5.46 mmHg, p = 0.012). The patients who had mean PAP levels in the highest quartiles (mean PAP ≥ 22.5 mmHg) were five times more likely to have POAF, compared to those with the lowest quartiles (mean PAP < 15 mmHg) (p = 0.012). The length of stay and total costs of treatment were significantly higher in POAF patients (12 ± 4 versus 10 ± 3 days, p < 0.001; 199,215 ± 31,435 versus 169,176 ± 17,272 baht; p < 0.001) Conclusions : Preoperative PAP level is a good predictor of POAF. Measurement of mean PAP levels in patients undergoing cardiac surgery is useful in identifying patients at risk for POAF.
Enfermedad intersticial pulmonar asociada a metotrexato

Interstitial lung fibrosis is the most common form of drug-induced respiratory disease; but it only represents 3% of all the cases of interstitial lung disease (ILD). The most important risk factors associated are advanced age, rheumatoid lung involvement, previous use of disease modifying drugs and hypoalbuminemia. ILD is caused by fibrogenic agents that enhance the widespread thickness of the alveolar wall and the extracellular matrix generating the development of a restrictive lung defect. The lung injury is an idiosyncratic reaction although some factors have been described as important mediators of the fibrosis, for example the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) and the transforming growth factor beta (TGF). Establishing a unique histopathologic pattern of ILD induced by methotrexate (MTX) is a difficult task, the most common findings are interstitial inflammation, fibrosis, giant cells, eosinophils, and type II pneumocytes hyperplasia. ILD due to MTX presents either acutely or subacutely with cough, fever, dyspnea and pulmonary infiltrates leading to respiratory failure. It is mainly a diagnosis of exclusion, as it is hard to distinguish from infection or exacerbations from pre-existing lung disease. The diagnosis rests on the temporal association between exposure to MTX and the development of respiratory signs and symptoms. The fact that the histopathologic changes don’t seem to be related with the dose or length of therapy with MTX suggest that these changes are not caused by MTX.
Anatomy of Neuropsychiatry: The New Anatomy of the Basal Forebrain and Its Implications for Neuropsychiatric Illness

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. may also complete your request online via the Elsevier homepage (http://elsevier.com), by selecting " Support & Contact " then " Copyright and Permission " and then " Obtaining Permissions. " Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Anatomy of neuropsychiatry / Lennart Heimer. [et al.]. p. ; cm. PREFACE This book emerged in part from a series of workshops on the functional anatomy of the human brain organized by Lennart Heimer. The fi rst " A New Anatomical Framework for Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Systems Analysis and Hands-on Dissection of the Human Brain " took place in 2003 and was repeated during the three succeeding years as one of the workshops offered by Practical Anatomy & Surgical Education, a continuing medical education and community outreach provider attached to the Department of Surgery of the Saint Louis University School of Medicine. The objective of the " New Framework " workshops certainly would seem unique, namely the teaching of functional neuroanatomy to health care professionals in physical and occupational therapy, psychology, psychiatry, neurology, and neurosurgery, all fi elds where perhaps a fairly detailed knowledge of the functional-anatomical organization of the brain would seem to be a fundmental element. Nevertheless, the workshops invariably booked to capacity, attracting diverse collections of practitioners from all of these disciplines. The special attraction of the workshop seemed to be the promise of hands-on dissection of the human brain. Some workshop participants complained that their training had lacked such an opportunity, but more lamented that, at the time they had been provided with the opportunity, they were intellectually or emotionally unprepared to appreciate its rich rewards. It was little anticipated by workshop registrants that Lennart Heimer actually meant " New Anatomical Framework " literally, or that, during the course of the workshop, many of them would come to appreciate a way of conceptualizing the interrelationships of the cortical mantle, deep telencephalic nuclei, and descending and ascending systems of the brainstem that differs in signifi cant respects from what they likely were taught during their professional xi xii PREFACE studies. The " new " functional-anatomical concepts have emerged during the past thirty-fi ve years, gradually, but steadily, gaining currency among the basic neuroscience cognoscenti. In …
Incidence des arythmies atriales chez les patients stimulés au long cours en mode double chambre. Apport des fonctions Holter du stimulateur.

L'extension des memoires RAM disponibles sur les pacemakers de derniere generation a permis le developpement de fonctions Holter Implantees autorisant une surveillance continue du rythme cardiaque. D'octobre 1991 a fevrier 1995, 213 patients porteurs d'un stimulateur Chorus 6234 ou 7034 (Ela Medical) fonctionnant sur le mode DDD (R), ont ete suivis sur le plan rythmique a l'aide d'une fonction Holter continue. Parmi les patients n'ayant presente aucune arythmie supraventriculaire documentee (ASV) avant l'implantation (154 au total), 67 (43,5%) ont developpe une ASV au cours d'un suivi moyen d'un an. Le sexe masculin (p = 0,01 ; OR = 7,5 - analyse multivarlee), le fait de presenter un BAV de haut degre (p = 0,03), et la presence d'extrasystoles auriculaires Isolees ou en salves (p = 0,004) apparaissent comme facteurs de risque independants d'ASV. Le delai moyen d'apparition de l'ASV fut de 207 jours. Parmi les patients deja connus pour ASV avant implantation (59 au total), 22 (37,3 %) n'ont pas recidive au cours du suivi ; le delai moyen de recidive de l'ASV chez les 37 patients restants fut de 127 jours, Aucun facteur de risque de recidive arythmique n'a pu etre individualise en analyse multivariee. Par contre, une conduction auriculo-ventriculaire permeable mais ralentie (BAV 1, HV long, bloc bifasciculaire) semble etre un facteur protecteur d'ASV, Independamment des autres variables et du traitement antiarythmique (p = 0,008). Ces resultats suggerent une incidence elevee d'ASV chez les patients stimules chroniques, la plupart des episodes etant asymptomatiques. La fonction Holter Implantee s'avere etre un outil primordial pour connaitre et comprendre l'histoire naturelle des arythmies chez ces patients.
Profil etiologique des hepatopathies cytolytiques au Chu-campus de Lome : A propos 37 cas.

Objectifs : analyser les aspects epidemiologiques et le profil etiologique des hepatopathies cytolytiques au CHU-Campus de lome. Malades et Methodes : Il s’agit d’une etude transversale prospective. Ont ete inclus dans l’etude des patients des deux sexes, Togo. âges de plus de 15 ans souffrant d’hepatopathie et ayant beneficie d’un bilan biologique hepatique , du dosage du taux de prothrombine, l’electrophorese des protides, le dosage des marqueurs viraux et d’une echographie abdominale. Resultats : Au cours de notre etude nous avons retenu 46 hepatopathies dont 80,43% (n=37) etaient cytolytiques. L’âge moyen des patients etait de 41,29±15,75 ans avec une sex- ratio de 5, 17. Nous avons retrouve une cytolyse isolee chez 31,35% ; la cytolyse cholestatique etait presente chez 46,65%. Cinquante six virgule soixante pour cent (56,76%) avaient un taux de prothrombine bas. L’echographie abdominale etait anormale chez 59,46%. L’Antigene HBs etait present chez 43,24% ; il etait present chez 83,33% des malades porteurs de cytolyse isolee contre 24% des malades porteurs de cytolyse cholestatique. La cytolyse cholestatique retrouvee chez 67,56% des malades etait essentiellement liee a la cirrhose d’origine alcoolique (40,54%) et a l’hepatite alcoolique (10,81%). Conclusion : Les hepatopathies cytolytiques sont les plus frequentes dans le service, elles sont dominees par la cytolyse cholestatique. Les principales etiologies sont dominees par les hepatites virales B dans les cytolyses isolees, par les cirrhoses et hepatites alcooliques dans les cytolyses cholestatiques. Mots cles:, hepatopathie cytolytique, epidemiologie, etiologique.
Analytical, Nutritional and Clinical Methods Section Colour and stability of the six common anthocyanidin 3-glucosides in aqueous solutions

This study on anthocyanin stability and colour variation (lmax, ") in the pH range 1‐12 during a period of 60 days storage at 10 and 23C, was conducted on the 3-glucosides of the six common anthocyanidins. It was mostly in the alkaline region that diAerences in colour and stability became significant. Although it has been generally accepted that anthocyanins are stable only at low pH values, this study revealed that, for some of the anthocyanin 3-glucosides (e.g. malvidin 3-glucoside), the bluish colours were rather intense and stability relatively high in the alkaline region. Thus, they can be regarded as potential colorants for some slightly alkaline food products. # 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Doentes com cardiopatia isquémica em programa de reabilitação cardíaca - Evolução da função ventrícular esquerda

5 Introducao 6 Material e Metodos 10 Resultados 13 Discussao 20 Conclusao 25 Referencias Bibliograficas 26 Doentes com cardiopatia isquemica em programa de reabilitacao cardiaca – evolucao da FEV Artigo de Investigacao – MIM 2014/2015 3 Lista de Abreviaturas ACC – American College of Cardiology AHA – American Heart Association AF – Atividade Fisica CF – Capacidade Funcional CHPHSA Centro Hospitalar do Porto – Hospital de Santo Antonio CV Cardiovascular DCI – Doenca cardiaca isquemica DCV – Doenca Cardiovascular DM – Diabetes Mellitus EAM – Enfarte Agudo do Miocardio FEV – Fracao de ejecao ventricular esquerda FR – Factor de Risco FRCV – Factores de risco cardiovascular HTA – Hipertensao arterial IC – Insuficiencia Cardiaca IPAQ – International Physical Activity Questionnaire MET – Metabolic equivalents OMS – Organizacao Mundial de Saude PE – Prova de Esforco PRCPrograma de Reabilitacao Cardiaca RC – Reabilitacao Cardiaca SCA – Sindrome Coronario Agudo SCV – Sistema cardiovascular SPSS – Statistical Package for the Social Sciences UPRCV – Unidade de prevencao e reabilitacao cardiovascular Doentes com cardiopatia isquemica em programa de reabilitacao cardiaca – evolucao da FEV Artigo de Investigacao – MIM 2014/2015
Phase I study of the MEK1/2 inhibitor selumetinib (AZD6244) hydrogen sulfate in children and young adults with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and inoperable plexiform neurofibromas (PNs).

10018 Background: Lack of functional neurofibromin in NF1 leads to dysregulated Ras and tumorigenesis. Selumetinib (AZD6244; ARRY-142886), an oral selective inhibitor of MEK1/2, may inhibit PN growth by blocking Ras signaling. Methods: We are conducting a phase 1 trial (NCT01362803) to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and plasma pharmacokinetics (PK) of selumetinib in patients (pts) 3-18 years old with NF1 and inoperable PNs. The MTD is determined based on cycle (C) 1-3 toxicities. Selumetinib is administered BID on a continuous dosing schedule (1 C = 28 days) at dose level (DL) 1: 20 mg/m2/dose, and 2: 30 mg/m2/dose. Response evaluation with volumetric MRI analysis occurs after C 5, 10, and then after every 6 C (partial response [PR] = ≥20% decrease in the PN volume). Results: Eighteen pts (10 M:8 F, median age 12.9 years, range 5.3-18.5) with a median PN volume of 1204 mL (range 47-10,269 mL) have enrolled. DL2 exceeded the MTD with DLT in 2/6 pts: grade (gr) 3 creatine kinase (CK) elevation (.
SCIENTIFIC OPINION Nitrite as undesirable substances in animal feed 1 Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain

SUMMARY Nitrite is formed naturally by the nitrogen cycle during the process of nitrogen fixation and it is subsequently converted to nitrate, a major nutrient assimilated by plants. Two main nitrite salt forms occur, namely sodium and potassium nitrite. In animal tissues, nitrite is naturally present mainly as the result of endogenous nitrate conversion. Animal feed represents a natural source of exogenous nitrite and because of its potential for toxicity at excessive levels of intake, the Directive (EC) No 2002/32/EC on undesirable substances in animal feed established maximum limits for sodium nitrite in complete feedingstuffs excluding feedingstuffs intended for pets except birds and aquarium fish, and fish meal of 15 and 60 mg/kg, respectively (corresponding to 10 and 40 mg/kg for the nitrite ion). Nitrite in drinking water is regulated in Europe, with a maximum level of 0.5 mg/L. Nitrate levels in forages are naturally high and the inter-conversion of nitrate to nitrite is the largest contributor to nitrite exposure in food-producing animals. Dietary intake of nitrite per se results from the use of vegetable feeds and forages, fertilisers/manures or when used as an antimicrobial for preservation, for example in silage, processed pet food, and in former times fish meal. Additionally, water can be an important dietary source of nitrite via reduction of nitrate. The main analytical technique used to measure both nitrite and nitrate is colourimetry because of its sensitivity and specificity. Three member states provided analytical results on feedingstuffs and nitrite levels were below the maximum levels in all feed commodities. Acutely, nitrite is approximately ten-fold more toxic than nitrate and three main toxicological endpoints have been identified: methaemoglobin formation (in a wide range of species including man), hypertrophy of the adrenal zona glomerulosa (rats), and equivocal evidence
A NORMATIVE STUDY OF NIGERIAN GROWN “MAHA-TITA” (KING OFBITTERS) - ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA NEES

The aim of the study is to characterize the aerial parts of Andrographis paniculata - an intensely bitter herb grown in Nigeria from seeds obtained in India. The ultimate aim is to develop a suitable dosage form from the herb for use in Nigeria. The bitterness value; various physicochemical characteristics; tests for key phytochemicals; and thin layer chromatography (TLC) were carried out on the air-dried herb as prescribed in relevant standard texts. The mean bitterness value for both men and women was 2.86 ± 1.74 x 103 units per g. The male value (2.07 ± 1.42 x 103) tended to be lower than the female? s (3.52 ± 1.82 x 103). The results of the physicochemical tests expressed in %w/w were: loss on drying (10.64 ± 0.36), total ash (14.10 ± 4.49), water extractability (30.37 ± 2.63) and acid insoluble ash (1.00 ± 0.06), which were similar to those reported for the Asian plant. The results of the macroscopic examination were also similar to those described in the literature for the Asian plant. The phytochemical tests reveal the presence of glycosides, saponins, tannins and alkaloids, but not of anthraquinones. Normal phase TLC of the drug yielded 5 spots as against 6 yielded by reverse TLC. The results provide useful quantitative and descriptive data that are essential for identifying and characterizing the Nigerian grown herb for pharmaceutical production.
The significance of rational use of drugs in veterinary medicine for food safety

Rational use of drugs in veterinary medicine has manifold significance. By using each drug, only when it is really necessary (indicated), in right dose and route of administration, the potential damage of their use is reduced, efficiency increased, and the risk of microorganisms resistance development (in case of antimicrobials) significantly decreased. All of this becomes more important when these drugs are used in food producing animals. Simultaneously with the intensifying of cattle breeding and exceptional increase of animal productivity, the number of used drugs is unavoidably increased. There are almost no animals today in intensive as well as in extensive production/rearing system, which haven't received at least one drug during their life. In poultry, cattle and pig production, which are main sectors for production of food stuffs of animal origin, the use of drugs has increased and reached the limits which are considered alarming for health of people. On the first place are antibiotics, or antimicrobial drugs, which are used very often in therapy or prevention of bacteria diseases, and also, very often, as growth stimulator. In addition to antibiotics, many other drugs are used, with proven numerous harmful effects, even with carcinogenic and teratogenic features, whose residues in food intended for human consumption can very seriously endanger the health of people, as potential consumers of this kind of food. Therefore, the control of use of antimicrobial, and other drugs in livestock production is exceptionally significant.
A PROSPECTIVE STUDY: FACTORS AFFECTING ANTIBIOTIC PRESCRIBING PATTERN IN SURGERY WARDS IN RMMCH

Antimicrobial prophylaxis has become an essential component of the standard of care in virtually all surgical procedures and has resulted in a reduced risk of postoperative infection when sound and appropriate principles of prophylaxis are applied. To determine the proportion of patients receiving antibiotics for common diseases and to understand the antibiotic prescription pattern and factors influencing it, a prospective study was done among the private practitioners in Chidambaram, India. 403 prescriptions by 20 physicians from selected health facilities were analyzed and found that 79.9% of patients with appendicitis, haemorrhoids, hernia, phimosis, diabetic foot ulcer were prescribed antibiotics. Cefataxime (43.9%) were the commonest antibiotic prescribed. Factors like postgraduate qualification, experience of physician, source and method of updating knowledge, inpatient practice setting and presence of fever, pus discharge, and pain influenced the antibiotic prescription.