Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hysteresis in Unemployment and Jobless Recoveries

This paper develops and estimates a general equilibrium rational expectations model with search and multiple equilibria where aggregate shocks have a permanent effect on the unemployment rate. If agents' wealth decreases, the unemployment rate increases for a potentially indefinite period. This makes unemployment rate dynamics path dependent as in Blanchard and Summers (1987). I argue that this feature explains the persistence of the unemployment rate in the U.S. after the Great Recession and over the entire postwar period.
IFCWALL RECONSTRUCTION FROM UNSTRUCTURED POINT CLOUDS

Abstract. The automated reconstruction of Building Information Modeling (BIM) objects from point cloud data is still ongoing research. A key aspect is the creation of accurate wall geometry as it forms the basis for further reconstruction of objects in a BIM. After segmenting and classifying the initial point cloud, the labelled segments are processed and the wall topology is reconstructed. However, the preocedure is challenging due to noise, occlusions and the complexity of the input data.In this work, a method is presented to automatically reconstruct consistent wall geometry from point clouds. More specifically, the use of room information is proposed to aid the wall topology creation. First, a set of partial walls is constructed based on classified planar primitives. Next, the rooms are identified using the retrieved wall information along with the floors and ceilings. The wall topology is computed by the intersection of the partial walls conditioned on the room information. The final wall geometry is defined by creating IfcWallStandardCase objects conform the IFC4 standard. The result is a set of walls according to the as-built conditions of a building. The experiments prove that the used method is a reliable framework for wall reconstruction from unstructured point cloud data. Also, the implementation of room information reduces the rate of false positives for the wall topology. Given the walls, ceilings and floors, 94% of the rooms is correctly identified. A key advantage of the proposed method is that it deals with complex rooms and is not bound to single storeys.
ALL-OPTICAL DELAY MODULE USING CASCADED POLYMER ALL-PASS-FILTER RING RESONATORS

An APF (All-Pass Filter) delay module in which eight single-ring resonators are serially cascaded is designed and fabricated. The polymer waveguide used for the realization of the APF delay module is a buried structure whose core width and height are 1.5"m. The core and cladding index are 1.51 and 1.378, respectively, which corresponds to the relative index difierence of 8%. In order to use a thermo-optic efiect of polymer materials, electrodes are evaporated above the ring resonator to provide heating currents. The time delay is measured to be about 50ps when 2 rings are in resonance, and about 105ps and 150ps, respectively, when 4 and 6 rings of APF are in resonance, respectively. When all of 8 rings are in resonance, the delay is measured to be about 200ps.
Towards quantitative ecology : Newton's principia revisited

Qualitative argumentation dominates the research in ecology, whereas quantitative approaches characterize the physical and chemical studies. Further development of powerful quantitative methods is needed in ecology to improve the utilization of ecological knowledge in the research of present changes on the globe and to enhance the utilization of physical knowledge in ecology. Here, we (1) define new concepts that enable the quantitative formulation of the most essential features of photosynthesis, and (2) derive exact predictions of the relationship between photosynthesis and light together with the action of stomata. We predicted 300 daily patterns of photosynthesis of a pine shoot from 50 000 measurements of light, temperature and water-vapor concentration in the field. Our theory predicted 95%–97% of the variance of measured photosynthesis. Our example indicates that the theory-formation approach can successfully be applied in ecology to describe photosynthesis, a phenomenon fundamental to life on Earth.
PT-symmetric coupler with χ (2) nonlinearity

We introduce the notion of a PT -symmetric dimer with a χ(2) nonlinearity. Similarly to the Kerr case, we argue that such a nonlinearity should be accessible in a pair of optical waveguides with quadratic nonlinearity and gain and loss, respectively. An interesting feature of the problem is that because of the two harmonics, there exist in general two distinct gain and loss parameters, different values of which are considered herein. We find a number of traits that appear to be absent in the more standard cubic case. For instance, bifurcations of nonlinear modes from the linear solutions occur in two different ways depending on whether the first- or the second-harmonic amplitude is vanishing in the underlying linear eigenvector. Moreover, a host of interesting bifurcation phenomena appear to occur, including saddle-center and pitchfork bifurcations which our parametric variations elucidate. The existence and stability analysis of the stationary solutions is corroborated by numerical time-evolution simulations exploring the evolution of the different configurations, when unstable.
Using Field Experiments to Explore the Use of Multiple Bidding Rounds in Conservation Auctions

Conservation auctions such as the Conservation Reserve Program in the United States and the BushTender Program in Australia have been used to identify landholders who can provide on-farm conservation and biodiversity protection actions at lowest cost. These conservation auctions are typically framed as closed, discriminatory, single round, first-price auctions, and are based on the assumption that landholders will offer bids determined by their 'independent private values'. However bid values may also be influenced by other factors such as concerns about 'winner's curse', a desire to capture economic rent, and premiums for risk and uncertainty factors. Sealed, single round auctions may exacerbate information gaps and uncertainty factors because of the limited information flows compared to traditional market exchanges and open, ascending auctions. In this paper, the cost-efficiencies of a multiple round auction for landholder management actions are explored with the use of field experiments. Results suggest that multiple round auctions may be associated with efficiency gains, particularly in initial rounds. However, multiple round auctions can also involve higher transaction and administration costs, so the net advantages need to be assessed on a case by case basis before these are used to purchase environmental services.
THE EFFECTS OF THE CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT LESSON ON PRESERVICE TEACHERS ’ TEACHER SENSE OF SELF-EFFICACY

The aim for this research is to analyses the change on the level of teacher self-efficacy perception of preservice teachers’ who take classroom management course. The study was carried out at the Technical Faculty of Education in the Department of Electronic and Computer Education at Gazi University in the second term of 2006-2007 academic years. Totally 91 teacher candidates constitute sample of the research. The research design of the study was preexperimental type that included one group pretest and posttest model has been applied. Before the study, teacher’s efficacy sense of scale with a . 94 reliability coefficiency had been applied as pretests. The scale includes total 24 points on the dimensions of student engagement, instructional strategies and classroom management. After a 12-week classroom management course, the same scale had been applied as posttest. Arithmetic mean, dependent t-test and independent t-test were applied for analyzing data. Effect sizes correlation coefficient was also calculated. At the end of this research, it was determined that teacher candidates’ teacher self efficacy perception level after and before they took courses changed positively. On the other hand, the study demonstrated no statistically significant gender, general academic achievement levels and high school type they graduated differences in the teacher sense of self efficacy levels of preservice teachers’.
Assessing ecological land use and water demand of river systems: a case study in Luanhe River, North China

Economic and social development has greatly increased ecological water demand and modified land use of river systems worldwide, causing overall degradation of many of these systems. In this study, theoretical and technical frameworks for regionalization on the eco-environmental function of river systems are formulated and applied to the Luanhe River system. Based on its eco-environmental functions, this river can be regionalized into four types of first-class functional areas: ecological preservation areas, habitat restoration areas, ecological buffer areas and development and utilization areas. Considering the overall eco-environmental functions, we assessed the ecological land use of the Luanhe River system. The total area of basic ecological land use is 876.98 km 2 ; the restrictive ecological land use is 1745.52 km 2 ; ecological land use of the river system returned from farmland is 284.25 km 2 ; and that returned from construction land is 17.35 km 2 . The average minimum ecological flow of mainstreams in upper and middle reaches of the Luanhe River is 4.896 m 3 s −1 based on the habitat method. And the recommended minimum and suitable annual ecological water demand of channels in the lower reaches are 391 million m 3 and 819.5 million m 3 , respectively. The evaporation and seepage consumption and vegetation consumption in riparian zones of the Luanhe River system are approximately 132.6 million m 3 and 145.3 million m 3 per year, respectively. Our results suggest that is crucial to regulate the instream ecological water use of the Luanhe River's mainstream starting from the Panjiakou-Daheiting Reservoir system. We recommend accelerating ecological land-use planning and strengthening the regulation of ecological water use on this river system focusing on important lower reaches under the condition of competitive water demand.
High Field Terahertz Spectroscopy of Optically Excited Gallium Arsenide

High field time-domain terahertz spectroscopy (TDS) is used to determine the time dependent transmission and the time-delay and optical-power dependent conductivity of a wafer of gallium arsenide (GaAs). Gallium arsenide is a direct band-gap semiconductor and has potential as a computer processor component. Analysis of the transmission of terahertz (THz) frequencies (10 Hz) through GaAs yields the conductivity of the metal at high strength fields and high frequencies. THz radiation is pulsed into the wafer and is absorbed by free carriers. The transmission of the THz radiation is related to the conductivity of the metal via the thin film Fresnel formula. It is observed that high power optical excitation lowers transmission of the THz radiation, thus increasing optical power increases the material’s conductivity. Positive time delay (optical pulse hitting the wafer after the THz pulse) has shown not to significantly affect the transmission of the THz pulse, or the conductivity of GaAs. A delay of 0.0 ps (optical pulse hitting the wafer at the same time as the THz pulse) slightly increases THz transmission and decreases conductivity from the negative delay. 1.0 ps delay follows the same trend as the 0.0 ps delay. The delay of 3.0 ps slightly decreases transmission of THz radiation from the 2.0 ps delay, and increases conductivity of the wafer.
Robust line matching in image pairs of scenes with dominant planes

We address the robust matching of lines between two views, when camera motion is unknown and dominant planar structures are viewed. The use of viewpoint noninvariant measures gives a lot of nonmatched or wrong matched features. The inclusion of projective transformations gives much better results with short computing overload. We use line features that can usually be extracted more accurately than points, and they can be used in cases where there are partial occlusions. In the first stage, the lines are matched to the weighted nearest neighbor using brightness and geometric-based image parameters. From them, robust homographies can be computed, which allows us to reject wrong matches and to add new good matches. When two or more planes are observed, the corresponding homographies can be computed and they can be used to obtain also the fundamental matrix, which gives constraints for the whole scene. The simultaneous computation of matches and projective transformations is extremely useful in many applications. It can be seen that the proposal works in different situations requiring only a simple and intuitive parameter tuning.
NET TIME NEGOTIATIONS WITHIN THE FAMILY

Drawing on data from one-on-one and focus group interviews with high school students from schools in agricultural California, this research examines how American families negotiate what we call net time. The article explores intra-familial bargaining over time spent on the internet. Analysis pays special attention to families that prioritize capital-enhancing activities such as schoolwork and college applications. In these families, access to resources is guided by implicit social contracts between parents and children, as well as between siblings. The findings illuminate how these social contracts imply particular rights and responsibilities depending on the families' level of wiredness: highly wired, partially wired, and unwired families. Comparing the experiences of students from these three groups reveals that members of each kind of family experience a different form of net time. While youths from highly wired families enjoy individualized net time, members of partially wired families divvy up household net time. The most disadvantaged youth come from unwired families in which family members must make sacrifices for youth to obtain net time outside of the household. The examination illuminates the logics that underpin the familial negotiations over each kind of net time. Ultimately, familial social contracts over net time have the power to encourage or hinder use of net time for capital-enhancing activities.
Rapid Genome‐wide Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Discovery in Soybean and Rice via Deep Resequencing of Reduced Representation Libraries with the Illumina Genome Analyzer

Massively parallel sequencing platforms have allowed for the rapid discovery of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among related genotypes within a species. We describe the creation of reduced representation libraries (RRLs) using an initial digestion of nuclear genomic DNA with a methylation‐sensitive restriction endonuclease followed by a secondary digestion with the 4bp‐restriction endonuclease DpnII. This strategy allows for the enrichment of hypomethylated genomic DNA, which has been shown to be rich in genic sequences, and the digestion with DpnII serves to increase the number of common loci resequenced between individuals. Deep resequencing of these RRLs performed with the Illumina Genome Analyzer led to the identification of 2618 SNPs in rice and 1682 SNPs in soybean for two representative genotypes in each of the species. A subset of these SNPs was validated via Sanger sequencing, exhibiting validation rates of 96.4 and 97.0%, in rice (Oryza sativa) and soybean (Glycine max), respectively. Comparative analysis of the read distribution relative to annotated genes in the reference genome assemblies indicated that the RRL strategy was primarily sampling within genic regions for both species. The massively parallel sequencing of methylation‐sensitive RRLs for genome‐wide SNP discovery can be applied across a wide range of plant species having sufficient reference genomic sequence.
Technical Note: Alternative in-stream denitrification equation for the INCA-N model

The Integrated Catchment model for Nitrogen (INCA-N) is a semi-distributed, process based model that has been used to model the impacts of land use, climate, and land management changes on hydrology and nitrogen loading. An observed problem with the INCA-N model is reproducing low nitrate–nitrogen concentrations during the summer growing season in some catchments. In this study, the current equation used to simulate the rate of in-stream denitrification was replaced with an alternate equation that uses a mass transfer coefficient and the stream bottom area. The results of simulating in-stream denitrification using the two different methods were compared for a one year simulation period of the Ylaneenjoki catchment in Finland. The alternate equation (Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency = 0.61) simulated concentrations during the periods of the growing season with the lowest flow that were closer to the observed concentrations than the current equation (Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency = 0.60), but the results were mixed during other portions of the year. The results of the calibration and validation of the model using the two equations show that the alternate equation will simulate lower nitrate–nitrogen concentrations during the growing season when compared to the current equation, but promote investigation into other errors in the model that may be causing inaccuracies in the modeled concentrations.
Optimal Control of Nonlinear Switched Systems with Multiple Time-delays

In this paper, we consider an optimal control problem involving a general switched system that evolves by switching between several subsystems of nonlinear delay-differential equations. The control variables in this system consist of: (i) the times at which the subsystem switches occur; and (ii) a set of system parameters that influence the subsystem dynamics. We first establish the existence of the partial derivatives of the system state with respect to both the switching times and the system parameters. Then, on the basis of this result, we show that the gradient of the cost function can be computed by solving the state system forward in time followed by a costate system backward in time. This gradient computation procedure can be combined with any gradient-based optimization method to determine the optimal control strategy. We propose an effective optimization algorithm based on this idea. Finally, we consider three numerical examples, one involving the 1,3-propanediol fed-batch production process, to illustrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed algorithm.
Changes in Denitrification Potentials and Riverbank Soil Bacterial Structures along Shibetsu River, Japan

Riverbank soil ecosystems are important zones in terms of transforming inorganic nitrogen (N), particularly nitrate (NO3−-N), in soils to nitrous oxide (N2O) gases. Thus, the gasification of N in the riverbank soil ecosystems may produce a greenhouse gas, N2O, when the condition is favourable for N2O-producing microbes. One of the major N2O-producing pathways is denitrification. Thus, we investigated the denitrification potentials along Shibetsu River, Hokkaido, Japan. We sampled riverbank soils from eight sites along the Shibetsu River. Their denitrification potentials with added glucose-carbon (C) and NO3−-N varied from 4.73 to 181 μg·N·kg−1·h−1. The increase of the denitrification after the addition of C and N was negatively controlled by soil pH and positively controlled by soil NH4+-N levels. Then, we investigated the changes in 16S rRNA bacterial community structures before and after an anaerobic incubation with added C and N. We investigated the changes in bacterial community structures, aiming to identify specific microbial species related to high denitrification potentials. The genus Gammaproteobacteria AeromonadaceaeTolumonaswas markedly increased, from 0.0 ± 0.0% to 16 ± 17%, before and after the anaerobic incubation with the excess substrates, when averaged across all the sites. Although we could not find a significant interaction between the denitrification potential and the increase rate of G. AeromonadaceaeTolumonas, our study suggested that along the Shibetsu River, bacterial response to added excess substrates was similar at the genus level. Further studies are needed to investigate whether this is a universal phenomenon even in other rivers.
ANNALS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ORADEA FASCICLE OF TEXTILES , LEATHERWORK 103 COLOR STABILITY OF NATURALLY DYED DENIM FABRICS

The desire to colour textiles is as old as spinning and weaving. Natural dyes have been used since thousands of years for their long endurance, soft and elegant colours. But the invention of synthetic dyes has limited the application of natural dyes. The health hazards associated with the use of synthetic dyes and also the increased environmental awareness have revived the use of natural dyes during the recent years. The major performance characteristic of a dye is its ability to maintain the colour in normal use and is known as colorfastness. The study provides information regarding colourfastness properties of naturally dyed denim fabrics. Three vegetable materials were used for dyeing denim fabrics: Punica granatum (bark powder), Indigofera tinctoria (leave powder) and Juglans regia (walnut dried shells). The results of the study indicated that using Walnut shells and Punica granatum deeper and more stable shades of colors are obtained in comparison with Indigofera Tinctoria dyed denim samples. All samples highlight a change in color in the sense of fading which has occurred to the highest extent when exposed to artificial light and washing. When tested against water, alkaline and acid perspiration, it is noticed that better results are obtained, and color change appear in a smaller extent.
Discrete Constitutive Equations over Hexahedral Grids for Eddy-current Problems

In the paper we introduce a methodology to construct discrete constitutive matrices relating magnetic fluxes with magneto motive forces (reluctance matrix) and electro motive forces with currents (conductance matrix) needed for discretizing eddy current problems over hexahedral primal grids by means of the Finite Integration Technique (FIT) and the Cell Method (CM). We prove that, unlike the mass matrices of Finite Elements, the proposed matrices ensure both the stability and the consistency of the discrete equations introduced in FIT and CM. Keyword: Discrete constitutive equations, discrete geometric approach, eddy-currents.
A Proposed Approach to Federated Query Optimization

: Recently, there is a growing need for query optimization that can effectively deal with federated database systems. Modern optimizers use a cost model to choose the best query execution plan (QEP) which heavily dependent on statistics maintained in the system catalog. Keeping such statistics up to date in the federation is troublesome due to local autonomy.This paper discuss query processing for a federated data base system. The main objective of the paper is to give general framework for query optimization in federated database system and enhancing the global query optimization.
What is the scientific basis for climate-smart agriculture?

Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is a systematic approach to agricultural development. It intends to address climate change and food security challenges simultaneously across levels, from field management to national policy, with goals to 1) improve food security and agricultural productivity, 2) increase the resilience of farming systems to climate change, and 3) mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions or sequester carbon. After the introduction of the CSA concept in 2010, development organizations, national governments, and donors have quickly adopted a “climate-smart” agenda.