Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus Fractions of Soils Treated with Phosphate Rock and Monocalcium Phosphate after Ryegrass Growth

A pot experiment was conducted in two acidic soils (pH 4.8) with similar properties except for phosphorus (P) status to investigate the influence of different P fertilizers [Kunyang phosphate rock (KPR), monocalcium phosphate (MCP)] on ryegrass growth and different soil P fractions in the two soils. The P treatments were KPR at 50, 100, and 250 mg P kg–1 and MCP at 50 mg P kg–1. Results showed that the application of P fertilizers produced significant increase of ryegrass growth compared with no P application on soil with low P status. Dry weight of ryegrass did not increase after P application, compared with no P application on soil with high P status. Through P fractionation as modified method of Hedley, Stewart, and Chauhan (1982), inorganic resin P, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) P, and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) P increased after MCP treatment compared with no P application. The PR application only increased resin P and hydrochloric acid (HCl) P. Soil organic P fractions were stable and less affected by P application. The average of KPR P dissolved in the two soils across all P rates was low: only about 19% of the averaged amount of KPR P applied, which was due to its low reactivity. This explains the poor agronomic effectiveness of KPR with respect to MCP.
Generation of realistic synthetic catchments to explore fine continental surface processes

Understanding, analysing, and predicting the erosion mechanisms and sedimentary flows produced by catchments plays a key role in environmental conservation and restoration management and policies. Numerical case‐testing studies are generally undertaken to analyse the sensitivity of flood and soil erosion processes to the physical characteristics of catchments. Most analyses are conducted on simple virtual catchments with physical characteristics that, unlike real catchments, are perfectly controlled. Virtual catchments generally correspond to V‐shaped valley catchments. However, although these catchments are suitable for methodical analysis of the results, they do not provide a realistic representation of the spatial structures of the landscape and field conditions. They can, therefore, lead to potential modelling errors and can make it difficult to extend or generalize their results. Our proposed method bridges the gap between real and traditional virtual catchments by creating realistic virtual catchments with perfectly controllable physical characteristics. Our approach represents a real alternative to traditional test case procedures and provides a new framework for geomorphological and hydrological communities. It combines a field procedural generation approach, geographic information system processing procedures, and the CAESAR‐Lisflood landscape evolution model. We illustrate how each of these components acts in the process of generating virtual catchments. Five physical parameters were adjusted and tested for each virtual catchment: drainage density, hypsometric integral, mean slope of the main channel, granulometry, and land use. One of our virtual catchments is compared with a real catchment and a virtual catchment produced by a standard method. This comparison indicates that our approach can produce more realistic virtual catchments than those produced by more traditional methods, while a high degree of controllability is maintained. This new method of generating virtual catchments therefore offers significant research potential to identify the impacts of the physical characteristics of catchments on hydro‐sedimentary dynamics and responses.
Hepatic Protective Effects of S-Allyl-L-Cysteine (SAC) in Rats with Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) Induced Liver Injury

S-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC) is an organosulfur compound derived from aged garlic extract (AGE). Studies have reported that AGE possesses bioprotective capacity, including antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitumor effects. The present study examined the protective effects of SAC against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Ten male Wistar rats aged 11 - 12 weeks were randomly divided into two groups (five rats/group) as control and SAC groups. All rats had ad libitum access to water, and the SAC group received water containing SAC intragastrically (200 mg/kg) once daily for five consecutive weeks. In the fifth experimental week, 50% CCl4 in olive oil (1 mL/kg) was administered intraperitoneally three times a week to induce liver injury in both groups. Rats were sacrificed at 24 hours after the last CCl4 injection, and liver tissues were excised for histopathological, immunohistochemical and antioxidant analyses. The rats in the SAC group did not show abnormal behavior, such as decreased water intake or food consumption, during the experimental period. Body weights in all groups did not change significantly over the experimental period. Histopathological analysis showed that the percentage of hepatic steatosis was lower in the SAC group at 12.75% ± 3.74% compared to 24.64% ± 5.29% in the control group (p p 4-induced liver damage by decreasing hepatic steatosis and reducing CYP2E1 expression in rats.
Effect of temperature gradient on concentration profile of hydrogen in a palladium lattice

A thermodynamic calculation is conducted to determine the distribution of hydrogen atoms absorbed in a one‐dimensional palladium rod, along which a temperature gradient is imposed. The rod is assumed to be completely sealed, so that the total number of the hydrogen atoms is conserved regardless of its thermal conditions. A model calculation based on a zeroth‐order interaction model predicts that upon the imposition of the gradient, the hydrogen distribution will significantly change from its initial uniformity. The profile of the redistributed hydrogen can be discontinuous at one point on the rod. The concentration gap developed at this point of temperature T implies that the two‐phase region in the palladium hydride phase under the thermal equilibrium is nonexistent under the nonequilibrium condition. Similar to the disappearance of the two‐phase region above the critical temperature, the concentration gap is reduced with an increase of the temperature gradient.
Crisis leadership during COVID-19: the role of governors in the United States

Purpose The purpose of this viewpoint article is to understand crisis leadership during COVID-19 by examining the decision-making with respect to implementing COVID-19 mitigation measures, collaboration with stakeholders, and communication strategies of the governors of the States of California, Texas, Florida, and New York in the United States Design/methodology/approach This viewpoint article employs information from the extant literature on crisis leadership and secondary sources to understand the four governor's crisis leadership strategies during COVID-19 Findings Governors Gavin Newsom of California and Andrew Cuomo of New York made quicker decisions regarding implementing COVID-19 mitigation measures (e g shutting down the economy, mandating physical distancing, issuing stay-at-home orders, mandating wearing face covering in public and issuing a state of emergency) compared to Governors Greg Abbott of Texas and Ron DeSantis of Florida In addition, all four governors collaborated with state and local governments, private entities, and nonprofits to address COVID-19 Finally, all four governors held some form of briefing on COVID-19 on a regular basis and used different media to get their information out to the public Originality/value This viewpoint article uses decision-making regarding implementation of mitigation strategies, collaboration with stakeholders, and crisis communication strategy to understand governors' crisis leadership during COVID-19
Gender differences in the intergenerational transmission of education in Spain: the role of parents’ employment status and education

ABSTRACT This article examines the influence of parents’ education and employment status on the attained educational level of their children with special reference to gender differences. Our study analysed what determined the probability of Spanish young people completing university education. The study used a sample of 132,421 observations of people under the age of 28 not in any type of training or education selected using anonymized microdata from the most recent national population and housing census. An ordered probit model was used to capture the effect of various socioeconomic, environmental and cultural variables on the advancement and attainment of educational level according to gender. The results show that the most important variable in academic progress is the parents’ educational level and that the mother’s education level has a greater influence. Additionally, parental employment instability was found to be what most inhibits a child’s academic progress.
Synthesis and study of complexes of the novel Russian antiviral drug Camphecene with pentacyclic triterpenes of licorice

For the first time, the complexation of pentacyclic triterpenes of licorice (glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and its aglycone, glycyrrhetinic acid (GLA)) with the novel Russian antiviral drug Camphecene (Camph) was investigated. The complexes obtained at different molar ratios were studied using both UV/Vis spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (ESI MS). Formation of the host:guest complexes were registered: GA and GLA molecular complexes (Camph+2GA; Camph+2GLA) with stability constants К = 6.94 106 М-2 and К = 2.89 106 М-2, respectively. The research results demonstrate a considerable potential of ESI MS as a technique for simple and fast detection of formation of the complexes of GA /GLA and the novel drugs.
Gut microbiome and Obesity: A new attempt on obesity treatment

Microbiome plays a crucial role in balancing our body. Obesity is a prevailing disease among the whole world without any sufficient drugs to deal with the increasing risks of later syndromes, which is why our group wants to pay more attention on it. Obesity is a severe disease which has been ignored by the public, while microbiome is known to benefit our body. We should give priority to know how these two are actually the case, what the mechanisms of them are and what the contribution of them is. On the basis of previous researches on treating obesity with microbiome such as after weight-loss intervention, our group also came up with new ideas of treatment which aimed at digestion and plantation in the area of pharmacology, immunology and psychology. However, certain studies must be carried out to test whether these innovations are workable.
Nanostructured Alkaline‐Cation‐Containing δ‐MnO2 for Photocatalytic Water Oxidation

Oxygen evolution from water is one of the key reactions for solar fuel production. Here, two nanostructured K‐containing δ‐MnO2 are synthesized: K‐δ‐MnO2 nanosheets and K‐δ‐MnO2 nanoparticles, both of which exhibit high catalytic activity in visible‐light‐driven water oxidation. The role of alkaline cations in oxygen evolution is first explored by replacing the K+ ions in the δ‐MnO2 structure with H+ ions through proton ion exchange. H‐δ‐MnO2 catalysts with a similar morphology and crystal structure exhibit activities per surface site approximately one order of magnitude lower than that of K‐δ‐MnO2, although both nanostructured H‐δ‐MnO2 catalysts have much larger Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface areas. Such a low turnover frequency (TOF) per surface Mn atom might be due to the fact that the Ru2+(bpy)3 sensitizer is too large to access the additional surface area created during proton exchange. Also, a prepared Na‐containing δ‐MnO2 material with an identical crystal structure exhibits a TOF similar to that of the K‐containing δ‐MnO2, suggesting that the alkaline cations are not directly involved in catalytic water oxidation, but instead stabilize the layered structure of the δ‐MnO2.
The decreased expression of hsa_circ_0043278 and its relationship with clinicopathological features of breast cancer.

Background Breast cancer is one of the most significant causes of death in women around the world. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), which are a novel class of conserved RNA molecules, are involved in the occurrence and development of various diseases, especially malignancies; however, researchers rarely report their roles in human breast cancer. Methods In the present study, the differentially expressed levels of circRNAs in human breast cancer tissues and paired noncancerous tissues were screened by circRNA microarray. Hsa_circ_0043278 was downregulated 43-fold in breast cancer and was selected for further analysis. The expression of hsa_circ_0043278 was verified in breast cancer specimens and paired noncancerous tissues by quantitative reverse transcription polymerized chain reaction (qRT-PCR) technique. The relationship between the expression of hsa_circ_0043278 and the clinicopathological features was analyzed. Results Among the 520 differentially expressed circRNAs, 292 significantly upregulated circRNAs and 228 downregulated circRNAs in the breast cancer tissues compared with the paired noncancerous tissues. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of hsa_circ_0043278 was 0.690. The results of the bioinformatics prediction showed five target miRNAs that might be sponged by hsa_circ_0043278. The expression of hsa_circ_0043278 was associated with lymph node metastasis and histological type of the patient. Patients with lymph node metastasis have tumors with significantly downregulated expression of hsa_circ_0043278 (P=0.0201). Conclusions Our results suggest that hsa_circ_0043278 is downregulated and may play a key role in human breast cancer.
A qualitative study of motivators and barriers to weight reduction practices among overweight and obese suburban Malay adults

Introduction: Designing an effective and comprehensive weight reduction intervention requires an understanding of the motivating factors and barriers to losing weight. This study explored the motivating factors and barriers to weight reduction through the experiences, emotions and ideas shared among suburban overweight and obese Malay adults. Methods: In this qualitative study, 23 overweight or obese Malay adults aged 30-59 years old were divided into three focus group discussion (FGD). The Socio-Ecological Model (SEM), consisting of four levels (intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, and policy) was utilised in this study. Results: The motivating factors were: (1) Intrapersonal level: self-awareness, health concern, self-confidence, and desire to have good physical appearance, (2) Interpersonal level: social support from family and friends, (3) Community level: availability and accessibility of physical activity facilities and health information, and (4) Policy level: healthy lifestyle programme. The barriers were: (1) Intrapersonal level: lack of knowledge about diet, physical limitations, lack of self-control, and emotion/mood, (2) Interpersonal level: spouse and children, career or housework commitment, (3) Community level: lack of neighbourhood safety, and availability and accessibility of outside foods, and (4) Policy level: availability and accessibility of outside foods. Conclusion: Eight factors were identified as motivating factors and barriers for weight reduction practices. Support from family and friends should be considered when developing an effective and comprehensive weight loss programme as it was both a motivating factor as well as a barrier.
GPs’ use of gut feelings when assessing cancer risk in primary care: A qualitative study

Background: The use of gut feelings to guide clinical decision-making in primary care has been frequently described but is not considered a legitimate reason for cancer referral. Aim: To explore the role that gut feelings play in clinical decision-making in primary care. Design and Setting: Qualitative interview study with 19 General Practitioners (GPs) in Oxfordshire, UK. Methods: GPs who had referred patients to a cancer pathway allowing the use of gut feeling as a referral criterion were invited to participate. Interview transcripts were analysed using the One Sheet of Paper method. Results: Gut feeling was seen as an essential part of decision-making that facilitated appropriate and timely care. GPs distanced their gut feelings from descriptions that could be seen as unscientific, describing successful use as reliant on experience and clinical knowledge. This was especially true for patients who fell within a ‘grey-area’ where clinical guidelines did not match the GP’s assessment of cancer risk, either because the guidance inadequately represented the patient’s presentation, or the patient’s presentation was missing. GPs sought to legitimise their gut feelings by gathering objective clinical evidence, careful examination of referral procedures, and consultation with colleagues. Conclusion: The GPs described their gut feelings as important to decision-making in primary care and a necessary addition to clinical guidance. The steps taken to legitimise their gut feelings matched what would be expected in good clinical practice.
Identification of the motifs of beta-turns and mutated amino acids studies on BCR (Breakpoint cluster region) protein using Insilico techniques

Recent investigations have rapidly added crucial new insights into the complex functions of the normal BCR gene and of the BCR-ABL chimaera. They are yielding potential therapeutic breakthroughs in the treatment of Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome-positive leukemias. The objective of the present in silico research investigation is to ind out whether the functional part (beta-turns) is present in the mutated amino acids of BCR (Breakpoint cluster region) protein. Two signi icant steps are involved in this study. First, we performed protein sequencemodeling of BCR using automated proteinmodeling servers and the 3D structure was visualized using molecular visualization software and tools. In the second step, the function domains and motifs regions of BCR gene-coded protein is predicted using “PDBsumgenerate” tool in order to showwhere exactly the beta-turns lie on the clinically-provenmutated amino acids of BCR protein. The results of our investigation can be used as potential drug binding sites in the ield of drug docking studies. It can act as a potential therapeutic agent for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) type of Leukemia.
Inclusão da Gravitricidade como Sistema de Armazenamento de Energia na Formulação de um Controlador Central de Microrredes baseado em CPBM

Microgrids have become a relevant and desirable part of electric sector of many countries, increasing the safety and reliability of the grids. When a Microgrid Central Controler (MGCC) is deployed, it is able to optimally manage the components of that Microgrid, such as Energy Storage Systems. Concerning their implementation, Model Predictive Controllers (MPCs) have been an interesting choice to build a MGCC. In this work the formulation required to include a Gravitricity Energy Storage System in an MPC-based MGCC is presented. The results show that this can be done using a well-known framework from the literature. Resumo: A implantação de sistemas de microrredes no mundo é crescente nos últimos anos, e integram uma parte importante dos setores elétricos de alguns páıses, sendo desejável que estes sistemas tragam segurança e confiabilidade ao sistema elétrico. Assim, é relevante a presença de Controladores Centrais de Microrredes (CCM) a fim de gerenciar de maneira ótima os elementos que compõem as microrredes, como os Sistemas de Amarzenamento Energético (SAE). Neste contexto, os Controladores Preditivos baseado em Modelo (CPBM) apresentam um grande potencial para realizar o gerenciamento ótimo desses sistemas. Neste trabalho, apresenta-se a formulação necessária para incluir um SAE baseado em energia gravitacional por massa suspensa. Os resultados mostram que isto pode ser feito utilizando uma estrutura bem conhecida na literatura.
BENEFÍCIOS DA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DO MÉTODO BIM NO PLANEJAMENTO E GERENCIAMENTO DE OBRAS

A integração de projetos é um modo de minimizar incompatibilidades que só são identificadas no canteiro de obras, visto que, muitos profissionais e empresas trabalham de forma segmentada. O BIM (Building Information Modeling) é um método eficiente que possibilita que o projeto de arquitetura e os complementares sejam realizados simultaneamente, visando a otimização de análise das atividades a serem desenvolvidas. No entanto, a implementação do BIM demanda adaptações e possui diferentes estágios que estão relacionados à comunicação, multidisciplinaridade, integração em rede e multiplicidade de talentos. Como aspecto positivo a metodologia possibilita o compartilhamento de um único modelo digital que especifica todas as etapas de projeto da edificação, estabelecendo menor prazo, maior produtividade e economia. Entretanto, alguns desafios como a falta de experiência e qualificação dos usuários aliada a outros fatores como os custos necessários para implantação da tecnologia em empresas são barreiras para a implantação completa da plataforma. Através da análise das bibliografias citadas neste estudo, pode-se inferir que a metodologia BIM gradativamente está sendo adotada pelos profissionais de arquitetura, engenharia e construção, e possui seus benefícios comprovados, apesar de, em relação a outros países o Brasil ainda se encontrar em fase inicial de desenvolvimento da tecnologia.
Bio-precipitation of Calcite with Preferential Orientation Induced by Synechocystis sp. PCC6803

This article presents a research study on the deposition process of Ca2+ induced by Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 in BG11 liquid medium with different Ca2+ concentrations and different pH. The changes of Ca2+ concentrations were measured by using atomic absorption method and the corresponding dynamical models were studied. Minerals and cells were analyzed by high resolution transmission electron microscope, selected area electron diffraction, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope, X-ray diffraction. The selected area electron diffraction patterns were analyzed by Digital Micrograph 3.7 software. The result showed that Ca2+ concentrations decreased faster in the experimental group. The changes of calcium carbonate precipitation were fitting to an exponential model. PH 7 and Ca2+ concentration of 1.5 g/L were most conducive to calcium carbonate precipitation in the corresponding gradient range. The result of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy showed that minerals in the experimental group differed obviously from that of the control group in the surface morphology, but both of them were calcites. It also showed that a certain number of minute calcites adhesion to the outer surfaces of S. PCC6803 cells. The result of scanning electron microscopy displayed that many sunken holes emerged on the surfaces of the prismatic calcium carbonate minerals. The results of X-ray diffraction proved that minerals induced by S. PCC6803 were calcites with preferential orientation. This article discusses the process of carbonate formation and the possible role played by S. PCC6803. It may be useful to further study the mechanism of microbial carbonates deposition in the field of geology.