Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Editorial

The most disparate aspects of the defining features of autism – from social relatedness through to executive functions and the atypical self-regulation inherent in repetitive behaviours – can be thought of as involving some kind of self-awareness. It is critical, therefore, for understanding autism that we address how far, and in which respects, affected individuals show difficulties with aspects of self-other awareness. In the very first description of the syndrome, Kanner (1943) described the children’s failure to respond when their names were called, their insensitivity to others’ attitudes towards themselves, and their delayed first-person self-reference. In 1970, Bosch described atypical features in the children’s self-conscious emotions such as shame, and their difficulties in acquiring a full awareness of ‘I’. Formal research, however, has tended to focus on how individuals with autism show difficulties in relation to other people and the world around them, rather than how they relate to themselves as selves. This special issue on ‘The Self in Autism’, commences with a theoretical paper by Peter Hobson entitled ‘Explaining Autism:Ten Reasons to Focus on the Developing Self’. Having written on the self and autism for over two decades (e.g. Hobson, 1990), here he updates and expands upon a theme elaborated in his 1993 book, namely that self-awareness among individuals with autism needs to be evaluated against a developmental account of young children’s experience and understanding of their connectedness with, and differentiation from, embodied other people who relate to a shared world. Human beings’ evolving forms of self-other engagement are affective and motivational as well as ‘cognitive’ in nature – a fact with far-reaching implications for development. The second theoretical paper of this special issue – ‘Self-Referenced Processing, Neurodevelopment, and Joint Attention in Autism’ – is by Peter Mundy and colleagues. These authors present a parallel and distributed processing model (PDPM) for the development of selfand other-referenced information. Integrating decades of groundbreaking empirical work on early and robust joint attention deficits in autism (e.g. Mundy et al.,1992; Mundy and Hogan, 1994) with recent evidence from neurodevelopment, they suggest that the children’s limitations in self-awareness may be developmental sequelae to early-occurring disturbances in triadic social engagement. We have two review papers in this special issue. The first, written by David Williams, challenges the notion that individuals with autism have impairments in understanding the minds of others but not their own.
The complete sequence of the chicken α-cardiac actin gene: a highly conserved vertebrate gene

We sequenced the entire chicken alpha-cardiac actin gene. A single intron was positioned 20 bp upstream from the initiation ATG codon in the 5' non-coding region while the coding region was interrupted by 5 introns at amino acid positions 41/42, 150, 204, 267, and 327/328. Sequencing allowed the first comparison of the alpha-cardiac and alpha-skeletal actin transcriptional promoters. These highly G+C rich promoters share two regions of homology which are found at position -134 (10 bp) and -296 (12 bp) in the alpha-cardiac actin promoter. A smaller 9 bp motif (CCGCGCCGG) homologous to the -134 sequence was detected before, between and after the TATA and CAAT boxes of the alpha-cardiac actin gene. The polyadenylation signal (AATAAA) was located 156 bp downstream from the translation termination codon. The complete length of the alpha-cardiac actin mRNA excluding the poly A tail is 1370 nucleotides. The 3' noncoding transcribed portion of the chicken alpha-cardiac actin gene was found to be extraordinarily conserved when compared to the human and rat alpha-cardiac actin mRNA sequences.
Model Verification and Its Relevance for Forecasters

It is difficult for the forecaster to know the strengths and weaknesses of all the models. The interaction between forecaster andmodeller could still be improved. A good model skill doesn’t have the same meaning for a forecaster or a modeller; the actual model verification is performed over long periods or averaged over large areas. This only provides general global information, but doesn’t meet the specific needs of the forecaster. The forecaster would like to know specifically when to trust the accuracy of themodel.
Rapid Detection of Salmonella in Bovine Lymph Nodes Using a Commercial Real-Time PCR System

Rapid Salmonella detection is needed to help prevent the distribution of contaminated food products. Using traditional culture methods, Salmonella detection can take up to 3-5 days. Using an improved protocol and a commercial real-time PCR system, we have shortened the detection time to less than 24 hr with comparable sensitivity and specificity to traditional Salmonella culture methods.
National Family Policies and Mothers’ Employment: How Earnings Inequality Shapes Policy Effects across and within Countries

Although researchers generally agree that national family policies play a role in shaping mothers’ employment, there is considerable debate about whether, how, and why policy effects vary across country contexts and within countries by mothers’ educational attainment. We hypothesize that family policies interact with national levels of earnings inequality to differentially affect mothers’ employment outcomes by educational attainment. We develop hypotheses about the two most commonly studied family policies—early childhood education and care (ECEC) and paid parental leave. We test these hypotheses by establishing a novel linkage between the EU-Labour Force Survey and the Current Population Survey 1999 to 2016 (n = 23 countries, 299 country-years, 1.2 million mothers of young children), combined with an original collection of country-year indicators. Using multilevel models, we find that ECEC spending is associated with a greater likelihood of maternal employment, but the association is strongest for non-college-educated mothers in high-inequality settings. The length of paid parental leave over six months is generally associated with a lower likelihood of maternal employment, but the association is most pronounced for mothers in high-inequality settings. We call for greater attention to the role of earnings inequality in shaping mothers’ employment and conditioning policy effects.
Qualitative attributes and consumer perception of organic and free-range poultry meat

The effect of the organic production (OP) system on the qualitative characteristics and consumer perception of poultry meat is reviewed in the following paper. Age at slaughtering, genetic strains (fast- and slow-growing), physical activity, and pasture intake are key factors in determining meat quality. In conventional farming, fast-growing chicks are generally used, but these are not suitable for OP, since they may develop health and welfare problems, the most recurrent of which are leg disorders and lameness. Conversely, use of slow-growing strains in OP has positive repercussions on both animal welfare and product qualitative characteristics (eating quality and appearance) perceived by consumers. From the published data it can be concluded that organic poultry can be a viable production method, especially if suitable changes in EU Regulation. 1804/99 are made. The market opportunity for both organic and free range poultry products does not yet seem to be fully developed. We suggest that structured integration between production and consumption stages could resolve this problem.
The Analysis of Sharia-Compliant Equity Fund and Conventional Equity Fund Performance in Relation to the Economic Conditions of Indonesia

This study aims to evaluate the performance of Islamic equity funds by comparing the Sharpe ratio, Treynor ratio, and Jensen's Alpha Sharia equity funds with conventional equity funds, in January 2014 to December 2018 observation period. This sample selection uses purposive sampling with specific criteria. The results of a direct comparison of the performance of conventional equity mutual funds and sharia equity funds showed no different results, meaning that the two types of mutual fund shares performed equally well. In this case, it shows that Sharia mutual fund shares have returns that are almost similar compared to conventional stock mutual funds. Islamic sharia mutual funds and conventional shares have no different risks and returns, but sharia mutual funds carry out Islamic law. In addition, the three methods used are still considered good because they have a high level of similarity in ranking mutual fund performance with Kendall's W test.
Flow Cytometric Measurement of Aneuploid DNA Content Correlates with High S-Phase Fraction and Poor Prognosis in Patients with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Cellular DNA content (ploidy) and proliferation activity (e.g., S-phase fraction) measured by flow cytometry have been usually related to the biologic aggressiveness of various neoplasms. In this study, these parameters were analyzed in paraffin-embedded tumor specimens from 43 cases of resected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Additionally, the correlation of them with both prognosis and a variety of clinic-pathological features were investigated. The stage and the appearance of both local recurrence and metastasis were related to overall survival of patients. Twenty-two tumors (51.2%) had a diploid DNA distribution, while 21 were aneuploid (48.8%). The mean of aneuploidy was 1.6% ± 0.3%. A correlation was found between ploidy and survival as well as with the appearance of local recurrence and/or metastasis. The mean values of S-phase fraction of diploid and aneuploid tumors were 16.7 ± 11.3% and 32.9 ± 12.1%, respectively, which were significantly different (). Similar results were obtained analyzing the proliferation index (sum of cells in S and G2/M phases of cell cycle) (). However, no correlation between these parameters and both overall survival of patients and clinicopathological features was observed. Our results could suggest the potential use of ploidy analysis as a useful complement of TNM stage in NSCLC.
Hierarchical reliability in experimental plant assemblages

Aims The mechanism by which species richness affects variation in ecosystem functioning both within and among ecosystems remains a key question at the interface of community and ecosystem ecology. Statistical averaging (the smoothing of average system performance via consideration of additional components) and the insurance effect (reduced variation in system performance by inclusion of asynchronously varying components) predict that more diverse communities should vary less both between replicates and internally. We experimentally tested these theories in small plant assemblages. Methods We constructed plant assemblages modeled after old-field plant communities. We varied species richness, species composition and initial densities while holding functional group richness constant in replicate assemblages under glasshouse conditions. Important findings The inverse of the coefficient of variation of aboveground biomass production, a proxy measure of reliability, increased with higher diversity when examined at the level of the assemblage (i.e. among-replicate assemblages) but not at the levels of functional group or species. These stabilizing processes were weakest in low-diversity, low-density assemblages. This experiment demonstrates the utility of hierarchical analysis of ecosystem reliability at the assemblage, functional group and species level.
Morphometric Relationships of Marine Fishes Common to Central California and the Southern California Bight

Chelsea M. Williams,* Jonathan P. Williams, Jeremy T. Claisse, Daniel J. Pondella II. , Michael L. Domeier, and Laurel A. Zahn Vantuna Research Group, Department of Biology, Occidental College, 1600 Campus Road, Los Angeles, CA 90041, USA California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 1416 9 Street, 12 Floor, Sacramento, CA 95814, USA (Current affiliation) Marine Conservation Science Institute, 68-1825 Lina Poepoe Street, Waikoloa, HI 96738, USA
� Rate: Power-E � icient Mobile Immersive Video Streaming

Smartphones have recently become a popular platform for deploying the computation-intensive virtual reality (VR) applications, such as immersive video streaming (a.k.a., 360-degree video streaming). One speci � c challenge involving the smartphone-based head mounted display (HMD) is to reduce the potentially huge power consumption caused by the immersive video. To address this challenge, we � rst conduct an empirical power measurement study on a typical smartphone immersive streaming system, which identi � es the major power consumption sources. Then, we develop QuRate , a quality-aware and user-centric frame rate adaptation mechanism to tackle the power consumption issue in immersive video streaming. QuRate optimizes the immersive video power consumption by modeling the correlation between the perceivable video quality and the user behavior. Speci � cally, QuRate builds on top of the user’s reduced level of concentration on the video frames during view switching and dynamically adjusts the frame rate without impacting the perceivable video quality. We evaluate QuRate with a comprehensive set of experiments involving 5 smartphones, 21 users, and 6 immersive videos using empirical user head movement traces. Our experimental results demonstrate that QuRate is capable of extending the smartphone battery life by up to 1.24X while maintaining the perceivable video quality during immersive video streaming. Also, we conduct an Institutional Review Board (IRB)- approved subjective user study to further validate the minimum video quality impact caused by QuRate .
Wolbachia symbiosis and insect immune response

Bacterial intracellular symbiosis is very common in insects, having significant consequences in promoting the evolution of life and biodiversity. The bacterial group that has recently attracted particular attention is Wolbachia pipientis which probably represents the most ubiquitous endosymbiont on the planet. W. pipientis is a Gram‐negative obligatory intracellular and maternally transmitted α‐proteobacterium, that is able to establish symbiotic associations with arthropods and nematodes. In arthropods, Wolbachia pipientis infections have been described in Arachnida, in Isopoda and mainly in Insecta. They have been reported in almost all major insect orders including Diptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Orthoptera and Lepidoptera. To enhance its transmission, W. pipientis can manipulate host reproduction by inducing parthenogenesis, feminization, male killing and cytoplasmic incompatibility. Several polymerase chain reaction surveys have indicated that up to 70% of all insect species may be infected with W. pipientis. How does W. pipientis manage to get established in diverse insect host species? How is this intracellular bacterial symbiont species so successful in escaping the host immune response? The present review presents recent advances and ongoing scientific efforts in the field. The current body of knowledge in the field is summarized, revelations from the available genomic information are presented and as yet unanswered questions are discussed in an attempt to present a comprehensive picture of the unique ability of W. pipientis to establish symbiosis and to manipulate reproduction while evading the host's immune system.
The current and future applications of ancient DNA in Quaternary science

The introduction of next‐generation sequencing methods has broadened the scope and utility of ancient DNA (aDNA) research, and is opening up exciting new applications in Quaternary science. Palaeogenomes – partial or complete genome sequences for extinct taxa – are now available for Neanderthals and Denisovans, various megafauna, and preserved microorganisms. The analysis of aDNA in sediments, including cores in which there are no visible macro‐ or microfossils, is helping to reconstruct past ecosystems, especially in Arctic regions where aDNA preservation is relatively good. In this review we follow the development of aDNA research over the last 30 years, showing how the problems caused by contamination of ancient samples with modern DNA have gradually been overcome, and highlighting those technical challenges that still exist. We then survey the current standing of palaeogenomics and sedimentary aDNA studies, and indicate how these fields might be developed further in coming years.
Positioning Reference Signal design for positioning via 5G

5G-NR New Radio (5G-NR) is destined to revolutionize the wireless communications as well as user wireless positioning. 5G-NR will be able to offer not only higher throughput and higher available frequency bands of operation, but also improved services, including enhanced Location Based Services. 5G systems will continue to use the Positioning Reference Signals (PRS) employed now in 4G systems, in order to enable positioning with non-synchronized Base Stations (BS) with an increased performance compared to 4G positioning. PRS are used to measure the delays of the downlink transmissions by correlating the received signal from the base station with a local replica in the receiver. In this paper, different PRS allocations within the 5G frame are analysed and compared in order to ﬁnd if the PRS distribution affects the positioning performance, and, if this happens, which the best distribution is.
Investigation the Effects of Cutting Parameters on Geometric Accuracy of Machining Marine Propeller using 3D Photo-scanning Technique

The measurement method and analysis experiences of 3D scanning instrument used in manufacturing industry is a novel for recent company before we are going to apply the 4.0 industrial era. The research purpose is to provide a measurement and analysis results of quality control and product improvement stage in the third industrial era. This paper presents an approach for accuracy measurement of complete scanning complex geometric of marine propeller blades. The geometric accuracy of marine propeller models, which has been finished by machining processes are measured using 3D photo-scanning technique. The effects of cutting parameters, that is step-overs and feed-rates, on the geometric accuracy are investigated. Inspection of geometric accuracy is performed by comparing the result of 3D scanning measurement of finished propeller with CAD design data. The results showed that greater step-over value, the deviation value tends to be smaller. Similar to the feed-rates, greater value of the feed-rates, the deviation value tends to be smaller
The fatty acid compositions of predator Piocoris luridus (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae) and its host Monosteria unicostata (Heteroptera: Tingidae) reared on almond

The changes in fatty acid compositions during nutritional interaction among almond Amygdalus communis Linnaeus (Rosales: Rosaceae) (host plant), lacebug Monosteria unicostata (Mulsant and Rey) (Heteroptera: Tingidae) and its predator Piocoris luridus Fieber (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae) were determined by gas chromatography and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analyses. The fatty acid profiles of phospholipids and triacylglycerols were substantially different. Unlike the general observations for virtually most terrestrial insects, arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids were detected in high proportions of phospholipid fractions in both insects, especially in P. luridus. Also the almond tissues provide very little oleic acid to the herbivore diet, yet both insect species developed high proportions of this component. Our data reveals instances of specific accumulation of fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation/desaturation, and not incorporating selected fatty acids into cellular lipids.
Serum protein concentrations, including acute phase proteins, in calves experimentally infected with Salmonella Dublin

The aim of this study was to evaluate serum protein concentrations in calves experimentally inoculated with Salmonella Dublin. Twelve healthy 10 to 15-day-old Holstein calves were randomly allotted into two groups, control and infected with 108 CFU of Salmonella Dublin orally. The calves were subjected to physical evaluation and blood samples were collected shortly before administration of the bacteria and also 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 168 hours post-infection. The concentration of serum proteins was determined through sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Thirty serum proteins ranging from molecular weight of 24,000 Da to molecular weight of 236,000 Da were detected. Serum concentrations of ceruloplasmin (125,000 Da), haptoglobin (45,000 Da), acid glycoprotein (40,000 Da) and a 34,000 Da protein were significantly increased in the experimentally infected calves, when compared with their concentrations in the control animals. Therefore, this study showed that S. Dublin infection could lead to the increase of certain serum proteins in calves.
Performance Analysis of Machine Learning Classifiers in Android Malware Classification

— Mobile phones are used as the central computing and communication device today. They are started to replace traditional computers because of their superior mobility and nearly omnipresent Internet access. At the same time, Android is the latest technology for mobile OS that is getting a lot of attention, and its popularity is growing exponentially each year. There has been increased in android applications because android phones are widely used and they have become more popular than other platforms. Unfortunately, such phenomenon becomes an ideal target for malware developers so that android malware applications have rapidly increased. Therefore, many researchers developed malware detection framework to detect malicious applications. In this paper, an android malware classification system which classifies android applications (normal or malicious) is proposed. Our proposed framework intends to evaluate the performance of machine learning classifiers in android malware classification.
Price-setting Behaviour and Inflation Dynamics in SEACEN Member Economies and their Implications for Inflation

Over the past two decades, many advanced and emerging economies experienced low and relatively stable inflation rates. At the same time, inflation more and more appears to be decoupled from economic activity. The sharp drop in GDP during the Great Recession did not lead to a further drop in inflation, thus giving rise to the ‘missing deflation’ phenomenon. Likewise, the strong economic recovery did not go hand in hand with rising inflation rates. Based on these observations, the literature largely studies the changing nature of inflation dynamics and, in particular, the shifting relationship between inflation and economic activity. Often this research agenda is described in terms of a ’flattening’ of the Phillips curve (see Coibion and Gorodnichenko, 2015, and others). A reduction in the slope of the Phillips curve relationship would have drastic consequences for monetary policy. For given inflation expectations, the argument goes, a flatter Phillips curve would require a deeper recession in order to bring inflation back to the target.
The Ecology of Athrotaxis D. Don (Taxodiaceae). II. The Distributions and Ecological Differentiation of A. Cupressoides and A. selaginoides

Athrotaxis selaginoides and A. cupressoides are potentially interbreeding species with partly overlapping ranges. The two Athrotaxis species occur in a wide range of floristic types, with A. selaginoides being concentrated in thamnic and implicate rainforest communities and A. cupressoides in open montane communities. As is consonant with its distribution pattern and the cold resistance of its adult foliage, A. cupressoides seedlings are more frost resistant than those of A. selaginoides. Preliminary experiments showed no difference between the two species in resistance to waterlogging or drought. However, stand structure data indicate that A. selaginoides can survive better in shaded conditions than its congenor. This pattern of ecological differentation is consistent with an origin by parapatic speciation.