Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coronal loop oscillations: energy considerations and initial value problem

Context. Flares and eruptions in the solar corona generate oscillations of loops which have been interpreted as eigenmodes (mainly the fundamental kink mode, although other modes can also be excited). From the theoretical point of view the excitation of the tube eigenmodes due to an initial disturbance has not been studied in much detail. Aims. The main aim of this work is to calculate for a given initial disturbance the amount of energy that is deposited in the trapped fast mode oscillation, how it depends on the initial perturbation and how it is distributed among the different eigenmodes (kink and fluting and also the longitudinal harmonics). Methods. We calculate, using analytical expressions, the amplitude and the energy of the oscillation of the magnetic tube for different kinds of initial excitations. Results. We find that external excitations deposit a small amount of energy in the tube. We show that fluting modes have quite small energies in comparison with the energy of the kink mode (around three orders of magnitude for the first fluting mode). On the contrary, the longitudinal fundamental mode and the longitudinal harmonics have energies of the same order of magnitude. In addition, we find that the loop length and density contrast can be important factors that determine the amount of energy that is trapped by the loop. Conclusions. The energy deposited in loops is typically six orders of magnitude smaller than the energy of the initial disturbance (for external excitations). However, it strongly depends on the distance of the initial perturbation and also on the loop properties (length and density). Fluting modes in coronal loops are very difficult to excite. Longitudinal harmonics are in principle more easily excited.
Impact of Diversification on Firms’ Performance

The data was collected through secondary research and Stock Exchanges sites were the source of information to collect the data of the companies. Total 40 companies were selected on the basis of Specialization Ratio (SR). Companies whose information were available and remained in the same category for the entire 5 years (2005-2009) were included in sample. The results of this study showed that there is no positive relationship between diversification and firms’ performance. All firms are performing equally whether they are highly diversified firms, moderately diversified firms or less diversified firms with respect to their return and risk dimensions.
A Quantitative Method of Measuring Cell-Substrate Adhesion Areas

Variability in measurements of the 'cell adhesion strength' of fibroblasts to substrates using mechanical disruption techniques causes difficulty in determining precisely the position, in the cytoskeleton-focal adhesionmatrix -substrate interface, where failure has occurred. In the present study, a quantitative in vitro procedure for measuring the total area and percentage of fibroblast adhesion to biomaterials, using the scanning electron microscope (SEM), is described. The amount of adhesion ofL929 and Balb/c3T3 fibroblasts to discs of stainless steel, commercially pure titanium, and polyethylene terepthalate (Thermanox) was quantified. Cells were fixed, stained with heavy metals, dehydrated and embedded in resin. The resin blocks were removed from the substrate and sputter coated. The samples were examined in a field emission SEM using backscattered electron imaging. Demonstration that the cells had been removed with their adhesion sites, was by immunocytochemical labelling of vinculin within the focal adhesions of the embedded ~lis. Quantification of cell adhesion was performed by measuring the total area of each cell (imaged at 15 kV) and the area of their adhesion sites (imaged at 4kV) using an image analysis system. The in vitro results show (under static conditions, with the materials, roughnesses and cell types used) that roughness does not affect the total area of adhesion. The procedure could be applied to any cells that form focal adhesions, such as osteoblasts and may be developed to assess connective tissue adhesion to implant surfaces from in vivo experiments.
Electrospun hyaluronan-gelatin nanofibrous matrix for nerve tissue engineering

Schwann cells play a critical role in the repair of the peripheral nerve. The goal of this study was to fabricate electrospun gelatin (Gel) and hyaluronan-gelatin (HA-Gel) composite nanofibers to provide a suitable growth environment for Schwann cells. The fiber diameters of Gel, 0.5 HA-Gel, 1 HA-Gel, and 1.5 HA-Gel were 130 ± 30 nm, 294 ± 87 nm, 362 ± 129 nm, and 224 ± 54 nm, respectively. The biological performance of Gel and HA-Gel was evaluated using an in vitro culture of RT4-D6P2T rat Schwann cells. We found that the cell attachment and proliferation rates were not significantly different on these matrices. However, the Schwann cells displayed better organized F-actin on HA-Gel than on Gel. Moreover, the expression levels of several genes, including Nrg1, GFAP, and P0, were significantly higher on HA-Gel than on Gel. In addition, the levels of Nrg1 and P0 protein expression were also higher on the HA-Gel than on Gel. These results indicate that the hyaluronan-gelatin composite nanofibrous matrix could potentially be used in peripheral nerve repair.
An Examination of Relevant Issues in Nigeria ’ s Fiscal Federalism

Nigeria‟s fiscal arrangement accommodates the interaction between the federal government and the federating units in addressing critical issues of revenue assignment from natural resources, expenditure assignment, regional disparities, and national unity. Fiscal federalism in Nigeria is characterized by extensive vertical and horizontal intergovernmental relations which have become very contentious and volatile because subnational governments lack financial autonomy in the current fiscal architecture. This paper examines such issues as principles of fiscal federalism, decentralization and assignment of revenue from natural resources, decentralization and corruption, decentralization, regional disparities and national unity.The practice of fiscal federalism has been contentious in Nigeria due to overbearing influence of the federal government, unevenly distribution of endowment of natural resources, the sharing of which often puts considerable strains on national unity, and also tends to generate rivalries between the constituent units of the Nigerian state. The paper concludes that if the country can establish the institutions that will make decentralization work with a reasonable degree of efficiency, then decentralization can be a good policy.
HEAVY METAL IN FISH: ANALYSIS AND HUMAN HEALTH-A REVIEW

Living organisms require trace amounts of heavy metals, including cobalt, copper, manganese and zinc to survive. However, the excessive levels of the metal can be detrimental to the organism. Other heavy metals such as mercury, lead and cadmium have no vital on organisms, and their accumulation in long time period in the bodies can cause serious illness or death. The consumption of fish is recommended because fish is a basic and good nutritious food that has omega-3 fatty acids due to its cardio-protective effects. This present mini-review accounts for the description of heavy metal in fish and the effect of toxic metals on the human health. Besides, the acid digestion method was also discussed in order to identify the best method for applying in the laboratory analysis. The best method used can reduce the contamination error in the results.
Dynamic Request Routing for Online Video-on-Demand Service: A Markov Decision Process Approach

We investigate the request routing problem in the CDN-based Video-on-Demand system. We model the system as a controlled queueing system including a dispatcher and several edge servers. The system is formulated as a Markov decision process (MDP). Since the MDP formulation suffers from the so-called “the curse of dimensionality” problem, we then develop a greedy heuristic algorithm, which is simple and can be implemented online, to approximately solve the MDP model. However, we do not know how far it deviates from the optimal solution. To address this problem, we further aggregate the state space of the original MDP model and use the bounded-parameter MDP (BMDP) to reformulate the system. This allows us to obtain a suboptimal solution with a known performance bound. The effectiveness of two approaches is evaluated in a simulation study.
On the existence of nonnegative solutions for a class of fractional boundary value problems

‎In this paper‎, ‎we provide sufficient conditions for the existence of nonnegative solutions of a boundary value problem for a fractional order differential equation‎. ‎By applying Kranoselskii`s fixed--point theorem in a cone‎, ‎first we prove the existence of solutions of an auxiliary BVP formulated by truncating the response function‎. ‎Then the Arzela--Ascoli theorem is used to take $C^1$ limits of sequences of such solutions.
THE UNIVERSITY OF HULL

Every multinational business is faced with a very important marketing decision: to standardise or to adapt its marketing mix? This case study outlines a theoretical exegesis of global standardisation and international adaptation, presents these two perspectives. The debate between these two concepts is explored and their respective benefits considered. Subsequently, the role of the marketing mix and strategy are examined in relation to the above approaches along with the consideration of the various factors, which suggest a particular marketing mix approach. Furthermore, this research presents the factors that influence the company to adapt its marketing mix while maintain its standardisation strategy. Those factors are examined include political, economic, cultural, physical condition, technology, product life cycle, competitive factor, organisational factor, the nature of the product, and the target and positioning strategy. In facilitating the comprehension of the above task, Shiseido – a Japanese based cosmetic company in China and U.K. market are utilised to exemplify and discuss the way that Shiseido Company addresses the integration of standardisation or adaptation issues. It will show the different degree of adaptation based on the standardisation in Chinese and U.K. market. Contrary to the research propositions Shiseido in Chinese market was found to adapted aspects of its marketing strategy to a greater degree than its U.K. counterparts with product, promotion displaying the highest level of standardisation and distribution and pricing activities being slightly adapted to host market. The preliminary results of this research, therefore, appear to add to the existing confusion in the standardisation and adaptation debate. As a result, further research is needed to finding out the perfect pint of the integration of standardisation and adaptation.
THE EFFECT OF EDTA AND GARLIC EXTRACT COMBINATION ON PLASMA LIPIDS, LIPOPORTEINS, AND FATTY STREAKS IN CHOLESTEROL FED MALE RABBIT AORTA

Background: Garlic extract is used in treatment of hypercholesterolemia, although its efficacy isnâ€™t exactly clear. There is a little information about mechanism of garlic effect on plasma lipids. By intervention of garlic in atherogenesis process it has been shown that it has a protective effect against cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, it has been shown that EDTA (Ethylene Diamin Tetra Acetic Acid) improves blood flow and decreases the vascular atherosclerotic symptoms. Methods: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of EDTA and garlic extract with together on plasma concentration of cholesterol, Triglyceride, LDL, and HDL, and formation of fatty streaks through the phenomena called â€œchelation therapyâ€ in male Rabbit aorta. 32 male Rabbits were used and divided to 4 groups as group 1: cholesterol â€“ rich diet (CRD) + EDTA + Garlic Extract (GE), group 2: CRD + EDTA, Group 3: CRD + GE, Group 4: CRD (control group). The animals were under food and drug diet for 5 weeks. Blood samples of Rabbits were taken before and after the test and then plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL were measured. Finally, abdominal aorta was studied and pathologically evaluated. Results: The experiments showed the significant decrease of mean cholesterol in case groups and mean triglyceride in the groups which have received EDTA + GE and EDTA. Our results showed that mean LDL and LDL/HDL Ratio in case groups have been decreased in comparison to control group. In addition, there was a significant increase in mean HDL in the group which has received EDTA + GE. Conclusion: In this study it was shown that the using of fresh garlic and EDTA with together has a reductive effect on cholesterol, Triglyceride, and LDL concentration and also has an increasing effect on HDL concentration. But it seems that concomitant using of these tow substances with together strengthen the effect of each one, and it produces a great reduction of the blood lipids concentration. Keywords: atherosclerosis, garlic, EDTA.
INFLUENCE OF MARKETING RELATIONS AND MARKETING MIX ON CUSTOMERS TRUST ON MOBILE SERVICE OPERATORS IN INDONESIA

Mobile telecommunication business is currently at the level of increasingly fierce competition, especially in a variety of mobile telecommunications products and services that are increasingly diverse. Mobile operators are not only relying on the product and price alone, but also to create positive value which can be enjoyed by customers in accordance with customer wants and needs. Each mobile operator seeks to create creations and innovations of the new features. The number of subscribers of cellular telecommunications services operator continues to experience growth. But the customers trust on mobile operators still not reached the high trust category. The situation is suspected because of not optimum implementation on marketing relations and marketing mix. Based on this background, this study aims to examine the marketing relations and marketing mix and its effect on customer trust of mobile telecommunications operator services in Indonesia. The sampling technique used in this study was Multistage Random
Relationship between Hand Grip Strength and Functional Disability of the Elderly Living in Nursing Homes in Kerman, Southeastern Iran

Introduction: Functional disability refers to conditions in which a person is not able to fulfill the daily chores and activities on his/her own or requires assistive devices to perform them. The objective of this study was to investigate the functional disability of the elderly in Kerman, Southeastern Iran and its relationship with handgrip strength. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 110 elderly participants (58 man and 52 woman) living in nursing homes in Kerman in 2014. Data were collected using functional disability standard questionnaire and Jamar Dynamometer so as to measure grip strengths of the elderly. Moreover, data were analyzed by statistical tests at a significance level of 0.05 using SPSS software. Discussion: The measured grip strength of women was significantly lower than that of men (P< 0.05). The grip power of the women in the age group of 60 -70 yrs was approximately equal with the grip power of men in the age group of 90 -100. With age increase, grip strength would decline in both genders. Result: There was a strong and direct correlation between functional ability and handgrip strength. In addition, there was a significant relationship between the increase in functional disability of the elderly and decline in their grip strength.
Triplicated P-wave measurements for waveform tomography of the mantle transition zone

Abstract. Triplicated body waves sample the mantle transition zone more extensively than any other wave type, and interact strongly with the discontinuities at 410 km and 660 km. Since the seismograms bear a strong imprint of these geodynamically interesting features, it is highly desirable to invert them for structure of the transition zone. This has rarely been attempted, due to a mismatch between the complex and band-limited data and the (ray-theoretical) modelling methods. Here we present a data processing and modelling strategy to harness such broadband seismograms for finite-frequency tomography. We include triplicated P-waves (epicentral distance range between 14 and 30°) across their entire broadband frequency range, for both deep and shallow sources. We show that is it possible to predict the complex sequence of arrivals in these seismograms, but only after a careful effort to estimate source time functions and other source parameters from data, variables that strongly influence the waveforms. Modelled and observed waveforms then yield decent cross-correlation fits, from which we measure finite-frequency traveltime anomalies. We discuss two such data sets, for North America and Europe, and conclude that their signal quality and azimuthal coverage should be adequate for tomographic inversion. In order to compute sensitivity kernels at the pertinent high body wave frequencies, we use fully numerical forward modelling of the seismic wavefield through a spherically symmetric Earth.
Optimization of Laser Radiation Pressure Accelerator for Ion Generation

Compact laser-driven accelerators are an attractive alternative for monoenergetic proton and ion generation in conventional RF accelerator because the particle acceleration electric fields can reach tens GV/cm, which allows reduction of the system size. The scheme for generating quasi-monoenergetic proton with Radiation Pressure Acceleration (RPA) has the potential of leading to table-top accelerators as sources for producing 50-250 MeV protons. Theoretical and computational studies of ion energy scaling of RPA are presented. 2D and 3D PIC simulations are performed to study limitations of energy gain due to Rayleigh-Taylor instability and how is the Rayleigh-Taylor instability suppressed by density fluctuations or inhomogeneities of targets. Energy transfer efficiencies and qualities of accelerated proton beams are discussed.
Search -based Procedural Content Generation for Race Tracks in Video Games

in recent years, Procedural Content Generation (PCG) has become a popular alternative for creating video games content. In this paper, we attempt to create a PCG for valid video game racing tracks while optimizing the fun they give to players. To achieve this, we represent a racing track as a sequence of parameterized segments, evaluate it using a multi objective fitness function, and then search for the optimum track by using search algorithms. Two search algorithms are used as alternatives to compare the effect it has on the racing tracks generated. The result we report show that the tracks generated can successfully match the validity criteria of being closed, continuous, and non-intersecting. More than that, they can also successfully create a certain degree of fun for players, according to data acquired from a questionnaire given to testers.
Performance of triploid edible oyster Crassostrea madrasensis (Preston): gonad development and biochemical composition

One of the most important parameters for successful commercial exploitation of bivalves is a need for fast growth. The potential for increased growth, meat yield and quality are the main advantages of triploid oysters. Triploid organisms have a limited capacity to develop gonads and thus are considered sterile or partially sterile and are useful and advantageous in shellfish aquaculture. Oysters occur all along the Indian coasts in backwaters, bays and estuaries. The edible oyster Crassostrea madrasensis is a commercially important bivalve distributed all along the east and west coasts of India and the edible oyster farming is becoming increasingly popular. C. madrasensis is a suitable species for culture because of faster growth rate and tolerance to wide range of salinity. The present study compares triploid and diploid edible oysters (C. madrasensis) of the same age, grown under similar conditions for one year to determine the accumulation of biochemical reserves at first maturation. Triploid edible oysters were produced by treating newly fertilized eggs with 6-Dimethyl amino purine (6-DMAP). Stunted growth of gonads was seen in triploids while in diploids both ovaries and testis were functional. Higher levels of total carbohydrate (including glycogen 20.25% in meiotic I triploids and 18.78% in meiotic II triploids over 12.95% in diploids) has a major role in increasing the superior performance of triploids. Meat quality is also expected to be higher in triploids.
Flavour in " Pedro Ximenez " grape musts subjected to maceration processes

S u m m a r y : Crushed grapes of Vitis vinifera cv. Pedro Ximenez were macerated at I 0, 15 and 25 °C for 4, 16, 24 and 48 hours. The musts obtained after pressing were used for the determination of higher alcoho1s, esters and terpene compounds. The data was subjected to discriminant analysis, obtaining three functions of difficult interpretation. A fruitiness index (:E favourab1e aromas I :E unfavourable aromas) x 100 and the total of phenolic compounds were subjected to variance and multiple range analyses which revealed significant differences (p<O.O 1) for maceration times and temperatures. Taking into account the fruitiness index and phenolic compound values, as well as the significant differences obtained by multifactorial (time-temperature) variance analysis, the 24 h-10 °C, 4 h-15 °C, 16 h-15 oc and 24 h-15 oc were the best conditions.
ESTUDO COMPARATIVO DOS HIDROCARBONETOS EMITIDOS PELO GÁS DE ESCAPAMENTO DE UM VEÍCULO FLEX QUANDO ABASTECIDO COM E22 E COM E100.

Em funcao da inexistencia no Brasil, de metodo, de equipamento de analise e de conhecimento para qualificar, quantificar e comparar os gases emitidos pelo gas de escapamento de um veiculo flex fuel, quando abastecido com 100 % com etanol hidratado (E100) e com 100% de gasolinaC22, a Volkswagen do Brasil realizou um estudo de detalhamento das emissoes de NMHC emitidas pelo gas de escapamento, utilizando a tecnica analitica por cromatografia gasosa por dessorcao termica e objetivando determinar a reatividade especifica do potencial de formacao de ozonio atmosferico dos gases provenientes destes dois combustiveis. O referido detalhamento foi realizado no Laboratorio de Emissoes da Volkswagen na Alemanha em Wolfsburg.
Periodic Wave Generation for Direct Digital Synthesization

From the oscillators to PLL, various methods have been introduced to improve the stability, frequency resolution and spectrum purity. Among the all-digital approaches, Direct Digital frequency synthesis is considered as main. The main objective of this paper is to improve the output signal quality. Nowadays modern system designs needs to improve the quality of the waveform generated. An overview of the fundamentals of DDS along with the formulation to compute the bounds of the signal characteristics are resented here. Also two different quantization methods are used to synthesize the output waveform. Several methods, patented are presented in the earlier research works to overcome the limits of the basic DDS in terms of improving the quality of the output signal. But in this paper, there are two stage of task is applied with two different quantization methods for improving the accuracy in terms of signal Synthesization.