Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
mtDNA haplogroup X: An ancient link between Europe/Western Asia and North America?

On the basis of comprehensive RFLP analysis, it has been inferred that approximately 97% of Native American mtDNAs belong to one of four major founding mtDNA lineages, designated haplogroups "A"-"D. " It has been proposed that a fifth mtDNA haplogroup (haplogroup X) represents a minor founding lineage in Native Americans. Unlike haplogroups A-D, haplogroup X is also found at low frequencies in modern European populations. To investigate the origins, diversity, and continental relationships of this haplogroup, we performed mtDNA high-resolution RFLP and complete control region (CR) sequence analysis on 22 putative Native American haplogroup X and 14 putative European haplogroup X mtDNAs. The results identified a consensus haplogroup X motif that characterizes our European and Native American samples. Among Native Americans, haplogroup X appears to be essentially restricted to northern Amerindian groups, including the Ojibwa, the Nuu-Chah-Nulth, the Sioux, and the Yakima, although we also observed this haplogroup in the Na-Dene-speaking Navajo. Median network analysis indicated that European and Native American haplogroup X mtDNAs, although distinct, nevertheless are distantly related to each other. Time estimates for the arrival of X in North America are 12,000-36,000 years ago, depending on the number of assumed founders, thus supporting the conclusion that the peoples harboring haplogroup X were among the original founders of Native American populations. To date, haplogroup X has not been unambiguously identified in Asia, raising the possibility that some Native American founders were of Caucasian ancestry.
Two Efficient Local Search Algorithms for Maximum Weight Clique Problem

The Maximum Weight Clique problem (MWCP) is an important generalization of the Maximum Clique problem with wide applications. This paper introduces two heuristics and develops two local search algorithms for MWCP. Firstly, we propose a heuristic called strong configuration checking (SCC), which is a new variant of a recent powerful strategy called configuration checking (CC) for reducing cycling in local search. Based on the SCC strategy, we develop a local search algorithm named LSCC. Moreover, to improve the performance on massive graphs, we apply a low-complexity heuristic called Best from Multiple Selection (BMS) to select the swapping vertex pair quickly and effectively. The BMS heuristic is used to improve LSCC, resulting in the LSCC+BMS algorithm. Experiments show that the proposed algorithms outperform the state-of-the-art local search algorithm MN/TS and its improved version MN/TS+BMS on the standard benchmarks namely DIMACS and BHOSLIB, as well as a wide range of real world massive graphs.
Approaches to assessing the role of household socio-economic status on child anthropometric measures in urban South Africa

Objectives: To compare the variance explained in anthropometric outcomes when using individual measures of socio-economic status (SES) versus different approaches to creating SES indices within the urban African context. To examine the influence of SES measured during infancy on child anthropometric outcomes at 7/8 years in urban South Africa. Experimental design: Data from the 1990 Birth-to-Twenty cohort study set in Johannesburg-Soweto, South Africa, were used (n=888). Linear regression models were used to investigate the association between SES (individual and index measures) during infancy and anthropometric measures at age 7/8 years, controlling for sex, age, and population group. Principal observations: Both individual and index measures of SES explained similar proportions of the variance for each anthropometric outcome. SES measured during infancy influenced weight more than height at age 7/8 years in Johannesburg-Soweto. Positive associations were found between SES and the anthropometric measures - ownership of a car, telephone, and having an inside flush toilet were the most significant SES variables. Conclusions: The similarities observed in the variance explained relating to the anthropometric outcomes suggest that researchers who want to adjust for SES in analyses could use an SES index to make statistical models more parsimonious. However, using such indices loses information relating to the specific socio-economic factors that are important for explaining child anthropometrics. If the purpose of the research is to make policy recommendations for the improvement of child growth, individual SES variables would provide more specific information to target interventions.
[Study on extraction of polyphenols from the leaves of Acer truncatum and their inhibitory abilities on fatty acid synthase].

OBJECTIVE To optimize a technical process for extracting the polyphenols that can inhibit fatty acid synthase by ethanol from the leaves of Acer truncatum. METHODS The extracting time, extracting temperature, extracting solvent and the ratio of solvent to raw material were studied by L16 (4(5)) orthogonal experiments. The extraction rate of polyphenols and the inhibitory efficiency on the fatty acid synthase were utilized as evaluating criteria, and the optimum conditions for the extraction were obtained through summing up the above factors. RESULTS The efficient technological conditions were as follows: the concentration of ethanol was 60% (v/v), the ratio of solvent to raw material was 1 g: 30 mL; and the stirring time was 1.5 h at 50 degrees C. CONCLUSION The polyphenols that extracted from the leaves of Acer truncatum have inhibitory activity against fatty acid synthase and some of them have stronger inhibitory effect.
Research on the Structure of the Service Industry under Duopoly Market

After the sale of goods, more and more manufacturers provide product-supplementary services. This paper analyzes the structure of the service industry under duopoly market. The two periods Bertrand Nash game is used to discuss the competition among two manufacturers and one service provider. The two manufacturers can provide similar products and the service provider can only provide the similar product-supplementary service. It shows that the service provider can reduce the entry barriers to consumers and improve consumer welfare. In the short term, the manufacturers can gain more market share by increasing the switch cost. However, in the long run, the method of increasing the switch cost must reduce the motivation for consumers to choose services, which results in the overall market slump. Not only do the service provider lose much market share, but also the two manufacturers.
Flow‐Cytometric Characterization of Hematopoietic Cells in Non‐Pregnant Human Endometrium

Lachapelle M‐H, Miron P, Hemmings R, Baron C, Roy DC. Flow‐cytometric characterization of hematopoietic cells in non‐pregnant human endometrium. Am J Reprod Immunol 1996; 35:5–13 cP Munksgaard, Copenhagen
Alinhamento de imagens de profundidade com aplicação no reconhecimento da língua de sinais

Gestures are used since ancient times as a natural mechanism of communication. As an element of externalisation of the deaf culture, sign languages (gestural languages) have an important role in forming a social unit. In this context, automatic sign language recognition systems can be valuable tools of integration, while mitigating the barriers and strengthening cultural ties between deaf and hearing people. Recently, new research has emerged in this area which uses the so called RGB-D sensors. These devices are characterized by the low cost and ease of use, also allowing the depth image acquisition in real-time. In turn, these images carry information of the spatial location of the objects in the scene, simplify preprocessing tasks and contribute to propose new recognition methodologies. This work proposes a system for automatic recognition of the 26 static postures representatives of the letters in the manual alphabets of: the American Sign Language (ASL), and the Brazilian Sign Language (Libras). To achieve this objective, the system methodology employs an RGB-D sensor in the phase of data acquisition; and, once in possession of the depth images, applies the combination of the Template Matching strategy with the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) alignment algorithm in the recognition phase. As contributions of this work, the ICP technique is improved in order to verify possible input and output parameters in the alignment of test instances with the model database. Then, it uses these parameters as accuracy and efficiency determinants of the recognition. Moreover, the Template Matching strategy is enhanced to consider image partitions randomly chosen from the model classes, aiming time reduction of recognition and approaching the methodology to real-time contexts. The presented results show that the ICP algorithm can be used to produce correct matches between the alphabet classes, even when a close (ambiguous) set of sign postures is applied. Regarding the accuracy of the implemented methodology, these results indicate a maximum performance of 99.04% of success rate in the ASL recognition and of 99.62% for Libras. It was also verified that the system reach its best efficiency performance with an average processing frame frequency of 7.41 FPS, using a 2.4 GHz single processor based machine.
Distributed transmission for secure wireless links in non-line-of-sight environment by joint transmitter-receiver beamforming

The authors have proposed a distributed-transmission-based secure wireless link creation scheme by providing multiple transmission routes to a destination. In the proposed scheme, the transmitted information is divided into pieces of “shared information” by a secret-sharing method, and the pieces of information are separately transmitted to the destination through different transmission routes with individually controlled antenna directivities. In this paper, we focus on the performance of the proposed scheme in a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation environment and propose a joint receiver beamforming in accordance with the controlled transmitter antenna directivity. The computer simulations clarify that the degree of spatial distribution of the transmission routes is enhanced by the joint beamforming. Therefore, it can improve the secrecy of the transmitted information by the distributed transmission in the wireless space.
Video Data Retrieval Based On Text Content Detection

Informational retrieval application plays a major role in web content mining. Now a days,electuring has become added professional popular. The number of lecture video data on the World Wide Web (WWW) is growing rapidly.Upto this development, the video can be retrieved only based on the title or description of the video.In this paper presents, the video will be retrieved based on speech and video text content.We offered an approach for content-based lecture video segmenting and retrieval in large lecture video collection. Video consists of image frames with applicable points mentioned by the text. Subsequently, we extract textual metadata by applying video Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology on key-frames and Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) on lecture audio tracks. Hence the proposed system will be more efficient for retrieving the videos and also improves the recognition rate.
Developmental regulation of subtype‐specific motor neuron excitability

At early embryonic stages, zebrafish spinal neuron subtypes can be distinguished and accessed for physiological studies. This provides the opportunity to determine electrophysiological properties of different spinal motor neuron subtypes. Such differences have the potential to then regulate, in a subtype‐specific manner, activity‐dependent developmental events such as axonal outgrowth and pathfinding. The zebrafish spinal cord contains a population of early born neurons. Our recent work has revealed that primary motor neuron (PMN) subtypes in the zebrafish spinal cord differ with respect to electrical properties during early important periods when PMNs extend axons to their specific targets. Here, we review recent findings regarding the development of electrical properties in PMN subtypes. Moreover, we consider the possibility that electrical activity in PMNs may play a cell nonautonomous role and thus influence the development of later developing motor neurons. Further, we discuss findings that support a role for a specific sodium channel isoform, Nav1.6, expressed by specific subtypes of spinal neurons in activity‐dependent processes that impact axonal outgrowth and pathfinding.
Experimental sleep curtailment causes wake-dependent increases in 24-h energy expenditure as measured by whole-room indirect calorimetry.

BACKGROUND Epidemiologic evidence has shown a link between short sleep and obesity. Clinical studies suggest a role of increased energy intake in this relation, whereas the contributions of energy expenditure (EE) and substrate utilization are less clearly defined. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to investigate the effects of sleep curtailment on 24-h EE and respiratory quotient (RQ) by using whole-room indirect calorimetry under fixed-meal conditions. DESIGN Ten females aged 22-43 y with a BMI (in kg/m²) of 23.4-27.5 completed a randomized, crossover study. Participants were studied under short- (4 h/night) and habitual- (8 h/night) sleep conditions for 3 d, with a 4-wk washout period between visits. Standardized weight-maintenance meals were served at 0800, 1200, and 1900 with a snack at 1600. Measures included EE and RQ during the sleep episode on day 2 and continuously over 23 h on day 3. RESULTS Short compared with habitual sleep resulted in significantly higher (± SEM) 24-h EE (1914.0 ± 62.4 compared with 1822.1 ± 43.8 kcal; P = 0.012). EE during the scheduled sleep episode (0100-0500 and 2300-0700 in short- and habitual-sleep conditions, respectively) and across the waking episode (0800-2300) were unaffected by sleep restriction. RQ was unaffected by sleep restriction. CONCLUSIONS Short compared with habitual sleep is associated with an increased 24-h EE of ~92 kcal (~5%)--lower than the increased energy intake observed in prior sleep-curtailment studies. This finding supports the hypothesis that short sleep may predispose to weight gain as a result of an increase in energy intake that is beyond the modest energy costs associated with prolonged nocturnal wakefulness.
Obstructions to shadowing when a Lyapunov exponent fluctuates about zero.

We study the existence or nonexistence of true trajectories of chaotic dynamical systems that lie close to computer-generated trajectories. The nonexistence of such shadowing trajectories is caused by finite-time Lyapunov exponents of the system fluctuating about zero. A dynamical mechanism for the unshadowability is explained through a theoretical model and identified in simulations of a typical physical system. The problem of fluctuating Lyapunov exponents is expected to be common in simulations of higher-dimensional systems.
Asia’s Wicked Environmental Problems

i»? The developing economies of Asia are confronted by serious environmental problems that threaten to undermine future growth, food security, and regional stability. This study considers four major environmental challenges that policymakers across developing Asia will need to address towards 2030 : water management, air pollution, deforestation and land degradation, and climate change. We argue that these challenges, each unique in their own way, all exhibit the characteristics of â€œwicked problemsâ€ . As developed in the planning literature, and now applied much more broadly, wicked problems are dynamic, complex, encompass many issues and stakeholders, and evade straightforward, lasting solutions. Detailed case studies are presented to illustrate the complexity and significance of Asiaâ€™s environmental challenges, and also their nature as wicked problems. The most important implication of this finding is that there will be no easy or universal solutions to environmental problems across Asia. This is a caution against over-optimism and blueprint or formulaic solutions. It is not, however, a counsel for despair. We suggest seven general principles which may be useful across the board. These are : a focus on co-benefits; an emphasis on stakeholder participation; a commitment to scientific research; an emphasis on long-term planning; pricing reform; tackling corruption, in addition to generally bolstering institutional capacity with regard to environmental regulation; and a strengthening of regional approaches and international support.
Juvenile Siberian Hamsters Display Torpor and Modified Locomotor Activity and Body Temperature Rhythms in Response to Reduced Food Availability

Siberian hamsters as young as 16 and 28 d displayed torpor in response to treatment with 2,500 mg/kg 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose and reduced food availability, respectively. In addition, most food‐restricted hamsters displayed increased locomotor activity and elevated body temperatures in the 3 h immediately preceding daily food delivery. This anticipatory activity disappeared within a few days of reimposition of ad lib. feeding. Torpor first appeared spontaneously at ∼13 wk of age in hamsters fed ad lib. and maintained in short day lengths. The onset of this “spontaneous” torpor was unaffected by the hamsters’ history of food restriction before age 2 mo. Siberian hamsters born late in the breeding season can conserve energy by undergoing torpor immediately after weaning when they contend with food shortages and concurrent energetic challenges imposed by growth requirements and low ambient temperatures.
Journal diffusion factors: a new approach to measuring research influence

This paper introduces a new bibliometric tool, the journal diffusion factor. An argument is presented that the bibliometric indicators commonly used to measure the quality of research (journal impact factor, immediacy index and cited half‐life) offer little insight into the transdisciplinary reception (thus the wider influence) of journals. The journal diffusion factor describes a neglected dynamic of citation reception and is intended as a complementary partial indicator for research evaluation purposes, to be read alongside existing well‐established indicators.
Adaptive Frequency and Biasing Techniques for Tolerance to Dynamic Temperature-Voltage Variations and Aging

Temperature, voltage, and current sensors monitor the operation of a TCP/IP offload accelerator engine fabricated in 90nm CMOS, and a control unit dynamically changes frequency, voltage, and body bias for optimum performance and energy efficiency. Fast response to droops and temperature changes is enabled by a multi-PLL clocking unit and on-chip body bias. Adaptive techniques are also used to compensate performance degradation due to device aging, reducing the aging guardband.
Staphylococcus Heterogeneously Resistant to Vancomycin in China and Antimicrobial Activities of Imipenem and Vancomycin in Combination against It

ABSTRACT Of 115 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus strains collected from sputum specimens, 34 strains reduced susceptibility to vancomycin, 9 of which emerged as heterogeneous vancomycin-resistant strains (hetero-VRS), with various degrees of vancomycin resistance at a frequency of 10−6 or higher. Seventy-six percent (19 of 25) of non-hetero-VRS and 100% (9 of 9) of hetero-VRS were susceptible to synergistic treatment with vancomycin and imipenem. Clinical clearance between 9 hetero-VRS and 25 non-hetero-VRS had an obvious statistical significance (P = 0.001). The hetero-VRS may play an important role in vancomycin therapy failure.
Double Autosomal Trisomy and Mosaicism for Chromosomes No. 8 and No. 21

This patient was found to have a previously unreported double trisomy for chromosomes No. 8 and No. 21. She was recognized to have Down's syndrome at birth, and her subsequent development was consistent with that diagnosis. Her general health was good and there were no features suggesting an additional chromosomal abnormality. At this time there is no clearly recognized phenotype associated with trisomy 8. Two non-disjunctional events, occurring in meiosis and/or post-zygotic mitosis, are possible explanations of the chromosomal abnormalities found in this patient.
Rhythm-'a-line-ment' during catheter ablation of chronic atrial fibrillation: the role of left atrial linear lesions.

Although recommended by the current guidelines for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF),1,2 catheter ablation of long-standing persistent AF (herein referred to as chronic AF) still remains a challenge for the interventional electrophysiologist. Initial attempts at a successful treatment of chronic AF have concentrated on different lesion sets. In the past, we have learned that pulmonary vein (PV) isolation alone, irrespective of its extension in terms of isolated atrial tissue around the PVs, is not sufficient to achieve a considerable success rate and, therefore, is restricted to a very selected cohort of chronic AF patients.3,4 Thus, additional arrhythmogenic processes beyond the PVs have become evident in the pathophysiology of chronic AF. Based on the concept of the ‘multiple wavelet’ hypothesis and in an effort to replicate the results of the surgical treatment of AF, linear lesions were applied to the left atrium, alone or in addition to PV isolation. However, with bidirectionally blocked lines at the left atrial roof and the mitral isthmus,4 or even with complete electrical isolation of the posterior left atrium including the PVs,5 the success rates range between 60 and 70%. Since a significant number of patients did not benefit from a standardized lesion set, the new concept rather to tailor the ablation approach to the patients' individual chronic AF processes has been implemented by Haissaguerre and co-workers.6 This concept was based on the observation that chronic AF could occasionally be terminated by ablation. Thus, using the combination of different strategies, … *Corresponding author. Tel: +49 40 428034120, Fax: +49 40 428034125, Email: willems{at}uke.uni-hamburg.de
mir-329 restricts tumor growth by targeting grb2 in pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. To illustrate the pathogenic mechanism(s), we looked into the expression and function of miR-329 associated with pancreatic cancer development. It was found that miR-329 expression was downregulated in the pancreatic cancer patients who demonstrated significantly shorter overall survival than the patients having upregulated expression. Also, more advanced pT stage cases were observed in the low miR-329 expression group of patients. Interestingly, our studies uncovered that miR-329 overexpression inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells, in contrast the miR-329 inhibitor reversed this phenomenon dramatically. Additionally, overexpression of miR-329 significantly limited tumor growth in the xenograft model. In the mechanistic study, we identified GRB2 as a direct target of miR-329 in pancreatic cancer cells, and expression of GRB2 was inversely correlated with miR-329 expression in pancreatic cancer patients. Furthermore, GRB2 overexpression in cell line and xenograft model dramatically diminished miR-329 mediated anti-proliferation and apoptosis induction, indicating that GRB2/pERK pathway was mainly downregulated by miR-329 expression. In general, our study has shed light on miR-329 regulated mechanism and, miR-329/GRB2/pERK is potential to be targeted for pancreatic cancer management.