Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
L' Apoptose induite par fas et sa modulation par des co-récepteurs membranaires

Le Fas (CD95/Apo1) est un recepteur membranaire appartenant a la superfamille du recepteur au TNF (tumor necrosis factor). Le ligand naturel FasL ou les anticorps agonistes agregent ce recepteur et declenchent un signal de mort par apoptose. Le Fas possede dans sa region intracellulaire un domaine de mort indispensable au signal apoptotique. Dans le but d'obtenir un mutant dominant negatif, la region extracellulaire du Fas a ete fusionnee avec une sequence d'ancrage membranaire GPI (glycosylphosphatidylinositol). Ce Fas-GPI, transfecte dans des lignees lymphomateuses T exprimant du Fas endogene, n'inhibait pas le signal apoptotique mais au contraire l'amplifiait. Le Fas-GPI etait localise dans les microdomaines,. Ces domaines sont des radeaux lipidiques compacts qui flottent dans la membrane cytoplasmique plus fluide. Les microdomaines concentrent des proteines extracellulaires (proteines-GPI), transmembranaires et intracellulaires (proteines de signalisation intracellulaire). Des recepteurs naturels comme le CD28 ou le CD59 localises aussi dans ces microdomaines induisaient respectivement une amplification ou une inhibition du signal apoptotique Fas et la destruction de ces structures lipidiques par un chelateur de cholesterol (methyl-β-cyclodextrine) annulait ces signaux modulateurs. Donc le recrutement des microdomaines avec la proteine Fas module son signal apoptotique. De plus nos resultats mettent en evidence une heterogeneite dans ces microdomaines qui peuvent induire des signaux intracellulaires opposes. Lors de l'activation du Fas par l'anticorps agoniste, il se forme des agregats Fas resistant au SDS et aux reducteurs de ponts di-sulfures. Nous avons demontre dans nos travaux que ces agregats n'apparaissaient pas en presence du FasL soluble ou membranaire. De plus la formation de ces agregats etait independante du signal apoptotique car des lignees cellulaires resistantes a la mort cellulaire produisaient toujours ces complexes de Fas.
Study on gibberellic acid control of alpha-amylase gene expression in aleurone tissues of normal and dwarf wheat

The expression of a-amylase genes in aleurone cells of a standard-height wheat Ramona 50 is known to be under the control of Gibberellic Acid (GA3) while the production of aamylase in aleurone layers of a dwarf wheat D6899 (carrying Rht3 gene) is known to be insensitive to GA3. Northern blot experiment was carried out in which RNA samples isolated from GA3-treated or untreated aleurone layers of both Ramona 50 and D6899 were subjected to electrophoresis and then hybridized with barley cDNA clones of high-pI and low-pI aamylase genes. It was shown that the blockage of GA3-induced expression of a-amylase genes in aleurone layers of D6899 was at the level of mRNA accumulation. Cold temperature treatment did not induce the GA3 sensitivity of a-amylase production in D6899. A 417 bp promoter sequence of aAmy2/54, one of the low pI a-amylase genes expressed in wheat aleurone cells, was synthesized using PCR and cloned into pUC19 plasmid. Gel retardation assays were performed to study DNA-protein interactions between this promoter sequence and percoll gradient purified aleurone proteins of Ramona 50 and D6899. Multiple aleurone proteins that bound to the promoter region were identified. Based on competitive binding studies, one DNA-protein interaction was defined as DNA-sequence-specific, while others appeared to be nonsequence-specific. Nuclear proteins from both GA3-treated and untreated aleurone cells of Ramona 50 or D6899 gave.
Bioefficacy of neem and synthetic insecticides on serpentine leafminer (Liriomyza trifolii) (Diptera : Agromyzidae) infesting pea (Pisum sativum)

A field experiment was conducted during 1991-93 to test the efficacy of seed-kernel suspension of margosa or neem (Azadtrachta indica A. Juss.) and some selected synthetic insecticides on the serpentine leafminer [Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess)] (Diptera : Agromyzidae) infesting pea (Pisum sativum L. sensu lato). Cyfluthrin (Baythroid 50 wsc) 0.005%, dimethoate (Rogor 30 EC) 0.03% and endosulfan (Endocel 35 EC) 0.035% were effective in reducing the larval population (95.53%). Endosulfan 0.035% was found effective in increasing green-pod yield (96.28%). All the treatments were found effective and significantly superior to the control in reducing leaf damage (77.78-88.98%). However, endosulfan and dimethoate gave the best cost: benefit ratio (1 : 32.95 and 1 : 32.70).
A coastal marine ecosystem : simulation and analysis

1. Perspectives. - 1.1 The Evolution of Ecosystem Models. - 1.2 The Modeling Process. - 1.3 Narragansett Bay. - 1.3.1 Physical Setting. - 1.3.2 Biology. - 2. The Narragansett Bay Model. - 2.1 General Formulation Strategy. - 2.2 A Conceptual Overview. - Theoretical Formulations. - 3. Physical Forcing Functions. - 3.1 Temperature. - 3.2 Solar Radiation. - 3.3 Tidal Circulation. - 3.4 Exchange with Rhode Island Sound. - 3.5 River Flow. - 4. Phytoplankton. - 4.1 Temperature-Growth Relationship. - 4.2 Effects of Nutrients. - 4.3 Effects of Light. - 4.3.1 Theoretical Background. - 4.3.2 Time and Depth Integration of the Steele Equation. - 4.3.3 Light Acclimation and the Selection of Iopt. - 4.3.4 Self-Shading and Extinction Coefficient. - 4.3.5 Sinking Rate. - 4.4 Two Phytoplankton Species Groups. - 5. Zooplankton. - 5.1 General Background. - 5.2 Ingestion. - 5.2.1 Ration, Filtering Rate, and Experimental Observations. - 5.2.2 The Maximum Ration. - 5.2. 3 Reducing the Maximum Ration. - 5.2. 4 Cannibalism. - 5.3 Assimilation. - 5.4 Respiration. - 5.5 Excretion. - 5.6 Reproduction. - 5.7 Egg Hatching Time. - 5.8 Juvenile Development. - 5.8. 1 Growth Rate of Juveniles. - 5.8. 2 Development Time. - 5.8. 3 Food Limitation. - 6. Additional Compartments. - 6.1 Carnivorous Zooplankton. - 6.2 Adult Fish and Higher Trophic Levels. - 6.3 The Benthos. - 6.3.1 Grazing by Clams. - 6.3.2 Nutrient Regeneration. - 6.4 Nutrients. - Simulation and Analysis. - 7. Mathematical Considerations and the Computer Program. - 7.1 Instantaneous Rates, Finite-Interval Rates, and Integration. - 7.2 Developing the Computer Program. - 7.2.1 General Comments. - 7.2.2 Digital Computer Simulation. - 7.2. 3 The Narragansett Bay Computer Program. - 8. The Tidal Mixing Model. - 9. The Standard Run. - 9.1 Selection of Parameters. - 9.2 Zooplankton. - 9.3 Phytoplankton. - 9.4 General Description. - 9.5 Rates and Mechanisms. - 9.6 Relative Role of Nutrients and Grazing in Phytoplankton Control. - 9.7 Zooplankton Excretion and Benthic Fluxes. - 9.8 Metabolic Carbon Budgets for Zooplankton. - 9.9 Annual Integrals. - 10. The Role of Biological Detail. - 10.1 Light Optima and Acclimation. - 10.2 The "Most Limiting" Nutrient. - 10.3 Two Species Groups and Luxury Nutrient Kinetics. - 10.4 Juvenile Zooplankton and Cannibalism. - 10.5 The Role of Carnivores. - 11. Sensitivity and Stability. - 11.1 Sensitivity Analysis. - 11.1. 1 Initial Conditions. - 11.1.2 Hydrodynamic Characteristics. - 11.1.3 Extinction Coefficient. - 11.1. 4 Phytoplankton. - 11.1. 5 Zooplankton. - 11.1. 6 Seasonal Cycles. - 11.1. 7 General Implications and the Role of Sensitivity Analysis. - 11.1. 8 A Note on Numerical Stability. - 12. Applications and Limitations. - 12.1 Ecosystem Modeling and Environmental Management. - 12.2 Holism and Reductionism. - References. - Author and Subject Index.
Marine pharmacognosy; action of marine biotoxins at the cellular level

By reading, you can know the knowledge and things more, not only about what you get from people to people. Book will be more trusted. As this marine pharmacognosy action of marine biotoxins at the cellular level, it will really give you the good idea to be successful. It is not only for you to be success in certain life you can be successful in everything. The success can be started by knowing the basic knowledge and do actions.
Epidemiology and Infection of Natural Animal Hosts

This chapter presents the current knowledge available on classical and subclinical cases of natural Borna disease and cases of Borna-like disease in several animal species in different geographical regions. The clinical manifestations and pathological findings in naturally Borna disease virus (BDV)-infected horses and sheep are almost the same. The clinical and pathological manifestations in these animals are summarized and compared with those of other animals such as cattle, dogs, cats, and ostriches. Generally, the pathological findings after BDV infection in naturally infected horses and sheep are similar to those in experimentally infected animals such as rats. They are usually restricted to the central nervous system (CNS), spinal cord, and retina. Asymptomatic infection in horses seems to be more frequent than expected, based on the detection of antiviral antibodies in sera as well as viral nucleic acid in tissue samples. Although several groups have detected BDV nucleic acid in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by nested RT-PCR, it is still not clear whether, during the course of infection in naturally BDV-infected animals, there is a period of viremia. Serum antibodies to BDV have been detected in cattle by Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Ecologie comportementale des adultes et des larves de deux coleopteres staphylinidae, parasitoides de la mouche du chou

L'apport de l'ecologie comportementale est essentiel dans la comprehension des comportements mis en jeu par les parasitoides lors des phases de recherche et d'evaluation des hotes. Cette approche considere que ces comportements sont optimises par la selection naturelle, du fait de leur forte implication dans le determinisme de la valeur adaptative des parasitoides. Dans le systeme tritrophique, cruciferes - delia radicum - aleochara sp, les strategies de selection des sites de ponte par la femelle de a. Bilineata et des hotes par les larves parasitoides de 1 e r stade de a. Bilineata et a. Bipustulata ont ete etudiees. La demarche analytique choisie a consiste a comparer les comportements observes chez les deux parasitoides etudies, aux predictions des modeles d'optimisation developpes chez les hymenopteres parasitoides. Les resultats montrent que les femelles de a. Bilineata maximisent leur valeur adaptative en selectionnant les sites de ponte fournissant les meilleures chances de succes parasitaire aux larves. Cette etude met egalement en evidence une forte adaptation des comportements de selection de l'hote par les larves de 1 e r stade des deux especes, a la qualite de l'hote, a la densite d'hotes disponibles et a la presence ou non de larves competitrices. L'ensemble de ces resultats montrent qu'il existe une convergence des comportements de selection entre les coleopteres et les hymenopteres parasitoides. L'acquisition, des memes strategies comportementales, independamment, dans deux taxons phylogenetiquement distants, suggere que ces strategies sont les plus efficaces pour repondre aux contraintes du mode de vie parasitoide. Ces resultats sont aussi discutes en vue de l'utilisation des deux staphylins pour lutter contre d. Radicum en culture de cruciferes. Aleochara bilineata s'avere etre l'espece possedant le plus grand nombre de criteres favorables a son utilisation en lutte biologique. Differentes perspectives sont proposees.
Seasonal movements of western gray whales Eschrichtius robustus between the feeding areas on the northeast coast of Sakhalin Island (Russia) in 2002-2006.

The study area covered the northeastern part of Sakhalin Island, Russia. Photo-identifi-cation of the Korean-Okhotsk gray whale Eschrichtius robustus was conducted in summer-fall 2002-2006. The feeding areas included the nearshore area seaward of Piltun spit (Piltun area) and an area offshore of Chayvo Bay (Offshore area). The photo-identification study was mostly concentrated in these two areas but took advantage of opportunistic sightings outside these regions. In 2005 gray whales were observed in two new areas: an area adjacent to Levenshtern Cape (Northern Area) and Elizabeth area in Severny Bay. No sightings were recorded in these areas in the following years. In 2006 more focus was placed on the nearshore region seaward of Chayvo spit where whales were sighted for the first time at depths 12-15m. During the 5 years of observation in Offshore area, utilization by gray whales varied. Significant numbers of whales were observed in the Offshore area in 2002 and 2003. Abundance of gray whale was recorded much lower in 2004 and 2005. From 2002-2006, 63 whales were identified in both the Offshore and Piltun areas both in the same year and in different years.
The Controlling Activity of Several Fungicides against Rice Bakanae Disease Caused by Fusarium fujikuroi in Five Assay Methods

Recently damage of rice bakanae disease disseminated by infected seeds increased in paddy field in Korea. For controlling rice bakanae disease, the efficacy of 17 fungicides was assessed by 5 kinds of bioassay, spore germination test (SGT), mycelial growth test, detection test on Komada's medium (KDT), pouch test (PT) and greenhouse test (GT). Among ergosterol biosynthesis inhibiting fungicides, prochloraz showed a high controlling activity in all the assay systems while the others showed very low activity except for of hexaconazole in GT and of triflumizole in KDT. Although benomyl and the mixture of benomyl and thiram showed a good activity at 100 and in SGT and PT, respectively, in GT they did a middle activity. Trifloxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl included in strobilurins showed a good activity even at in KDT as well as a middle activity in SGT. Also a high activity not only at in SGT but also at KDT was detected in thiram. The activity of fludioxonil was confirmed in SGT, KDT and PT. Based on these results, it is very important to determine a bioassay system, because the fungicidal activity against rice bakanae disease was fluctuated depending on a assay systems as well as the mechanism of fungicide.
Identification of Housekeeping Genes in Human Embryonic Stem Cells

The main objective of this thesis is to find a set of putative housekeeping genes in human embryonic stem cells. Housekeeping genes are genes that show stable expression patterns in different tissues under various experimental conditions. They play a vital role in many diagnostic and research techniques (e.g. as reliable controls for calibration of various gene expression studies). However, despite being wellstudied in somatic cells there is a lack of knowledge regarding reliable housekeeping genes in stem cells. Recently, there have been studies investigating the stability of housekeeping genes commonly used in somatic cells in human embryonic stem cells. The authors concluded that most of them were found to be inappropriate as controls in this particular cell type and that differentiating hESC express a unique housekeeping gene signature and showed the necessity to validate the expression profiles of putative housekeeping genes. Within this thesis we used a data set supplied by Cellartis AB that contain data from human embryonic stem cells that are differentiated towards the hepatic lineage to look for genes with signature stable gene expression across undifferentiated and differentiated samples. We applied three basic methods (fold change, coefficient of variation and Significant Analysis of Microarray) to identify genes with a stable expression pattern. Based on the individual results of those basic methods, we developed two approaches; one based on taking an intersection of the results from the basic methods and another one where a voting scheme was applied. With those two approaches we derive a set of 6615 and 7316 stably expressed genes, respectively. Finally, we validated our results by comparing it with a set of 292 putative HKG and found 69 shared stably expressed genes.
A large scale analysis of chemoattractant induced cytoskeletal dynamics in Dictyostelium discoideum by means of proteomic and imaging approach

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Fossil Curculionoid Beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea) from the Lower Cretaceous of Northeastern Brazil

The curculionoid beetle fauna from the Lower Cretaceous of the Santana locality, Brazil, is dis- cussed and compared with Lower Cretaceous Asian faunas. Five new species are described in four new genera assigned to the families Nemonychidae, Belidae, Eccoptarthridae, and Brentidae. Baissa 4 (9.3%) - 1 (2.3%) 1 (2.3%) 32 (74.4%) 1 (2.3%) 1 (2.3%) 3 (7%) 43 Bon-Tsagaan - - - - 25 (65.8%) 4 (10.5%) 2 (5.3%) 7 (18.4%) 38 Santana 10 (71.4%) - - 2 (14.3%) 1 (7.1%) - 1 (7.1%) - 14 Khetana 5 (41.7%) 1 (8.3%) 1 (8.3%) - 1 (8.3%) 1 (8.3%) - 3 (25%) 12
Modeling tree-ring growth responses to climatic variables using artificial neural network

Modeling the nonlinear and complex relationships between climate and tree-ring growth is of significance in dendroclimatic studies, but difficultto implement usingtraditional linear regression approaches. To overcome this difficulty, the technique of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was employed in this study to develop the growth response models using the climate/growth database for Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) on southern Vancouver Island, Canada. The results show that the ANN models are able to extract nonlinear growth response patterns from the observed climate/tree-ring datasets, and to generate more accurate predictions than multiple linear regression approaches. The ANN-extracted climate-growth relationships can be displayed by scenario analysis; for example, when all other input variables are held fixed at their means, the limiting effect of April-July precipitation on tree growth decreases with increased precipitation. The main difficulty of applying ANN technique in dendroclimatology is the problem of overlearning (i.e., the ANN learns too many specific climate-growth patterns and loses the ability to generalize between similar climate-growth patterns). This problem can be alleviated by carefully designing the ANN, such as reducing the number of input variables, choosing a variety of training/testing sets, designing partially connected architectures with a small number of neurons in the hidden layer, and using early stopping during training process. The reliability of the derived ANN models is assessed by validation on independent testing datasets. The main advantages of the ANN technique over traditional dendroclimatic approaches are its ability to capture nonlinear climate-growth response, and its nonreliance on preassumed functional relationships for describing the observed datasets. The ANN method introduced in this article is sufficiently general to be applicable to many forest ecological modeling applications.
The Group IVA Cytosolic Phospholipase A2/C1P Interaction and Its Role in Eicosanoid Synthesis and Inflammation

xvi Chapter 1 – Introduction.1 1.1 General Information regarding lipids and their functions.1 1.2 Sphingolipids and Their Metabolism.4 1.2. 1 De novo Synthesis of Ceramide.10 1.2. 2 Ceramide Transport.11 1.2. 3 Synthesis of Complex Sphingolipids.11 1.2. 4 Catabolism of Sphingomyelins and Ceramides.12 1.2. 5 Sphingosine-1-Phosphate and the Sphingosine Kinases.12 1.2. 6 The Salvage Pathway.13 1.3 Ceramide Kinase and Ceramide-1-phosphate.13 1.3. 1 The CERK protein.13 1.3. 2 The CERK enzyme.17 1.3. 3 Subcellular localization of CERK.18 1.3. 4 The CERK knockout mouse.19 1.4 CERK like protein.20 1.5 Group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2α). 21 1.5. 1 cPLA2α gene.21 1.5. 2 The cPLA2α protein.21
Calcium‐ and Cyclic AMP‐independent, Labile Protein Kinase Appearing during Starfish Oocyte Maturation: its Extraction and Partial Characterization *

A burst of protein phosphorylation and an appearance of maturation‐promoting factor have been reported to occur shortly before germinal vesicle (nucleus) breakdown (GVBD) in 1‐methyladenine‐induced oocyte maturation of starfish. To detect if a protein kinase is activated before GVBD, protein kinase activity was compared in maturing oocytes which were just undergoing GVBD and immature oocytes of Asterina pectinifera. The oocytes were homogenized in a buffer modified from that used for extracting amphibian maturation‐promoting factor. When the supernatant protein of homogenized immature oocytes was used as a substrate, protein kinase activity in the supernatant of the maturing oocytes was 7‐fold higher than that of immature oocytes. The protein kinase in the supernatant of the maturing oocytes showed a high substrate specificity for histone H1 among the exogenous substrates examined, and the activity of the maturing oocytes for histone H1 was 6‐ to 7‐fold higher than that of immature oocytes. The protein kinase detected in the maturing oocytes was very labile and was inhibited neither by ethylene glycol bis(β‐aminoethyl ether)N, N, N′, N′‐tetraacetic acid nor by the heat‐stable inhibitor protein of cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase. These results indicate that a calcium‐ and cyclic AMP‐independent, labile “maturation‐specific protein kinase” appeared before GVBD in maturing oocytes, and suggest its participation in the phosphorylation burst in vivo. The possible correlation of this kinase with maturation‐promoting factor and chromosome condensation was discussed.
Determination of Metals and Metalloids Levelsof Striped Venus (Chamelea gallina L., 1758) inthe Southern Black Sea Coast

Striped venus has an important role in the Turkish fisheries. Recently, the average amount of catching has about 20000 tons in the Black Sea. In this study, concentrations of B, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Cd, Pb were determined in economically important bivalve species (Chamelea gallina L., 1758) distributed throughout the coastal areas in the southwestern Black Sea. Samples were collected from five sites in Sinop (Turkeli, Ayancik, Sarikum) and Kastamonu (Inebolu, Cide). The elemental compositions of the striped venus were determined by ICP-MS after freeze-drying and digestion of microwave system. Average length, height and width of bivalve samples measured as 18.01±2.45 cm, 9.47±1.21 cm, and 16.26±2.18 cm respectively. Metals and metalloids concentrations were measured as for B:4.86±2.05; V:3.45±0.84; Cr:6.84±3.88; Mn:30.35±10.30; Co:2.27±0.36; Ni: 6.92±1.31; Cu:1.91±2.21; Zn:74.54±12.83; As:21.58±4.34; Se:4.31±0.57; Mo:1.14±0.53; Cd:3.99±0.91 and Pb:0.82±0.27 mg/kg dry weight. When wet weight/dry weight conversion ratio was applied, it was determined that the concentrations of all the measured elements were lower than the maximum limits set by European legislation
Ant-plant interactions: absolute frequency as a better method to sample visiting ants in the extrafloral nectary-bearing plant, Qualea multiflora (Vochysiaceae).

We sampled the ant fauna associated with the extrafloral nectary-bearing plant Qualea multiflora in cerrado. Thirty trees were tagged and inspected three times per month during a period of 10 months. In each inspection the ant species and number of individuals were registered. The most frequent and abundant species were Camponotus crassus and Cephalotes pusilus, and after 18-19 samples new species were not found. Our study revealed the importance of considering the frequency of the ant species and not only their abundance for a correct interpretation of their importance in ant-plant interactions and showed that an extensive sampling methodology is needed to know the species involved in these interactions. Key-words: extrafloral nectaries; ants; cerrado; tropical savanna.