Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dysregulation of cystathionine γ‐lyase promotes prostate cancer progression and metastasis

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an endogenous signaling gaseous molecule, is involved in various physiological activities, including vessel relaxation, regulation of cellular bioenergetics, inflammation, and angiogenesis. By using xenograft orthotopic implantation of prostate cancer PC3 cells and subsequently comparing bone metastatic with primary tumor‐derived cancer cells, we find that H2S‐producing enzyme cystathionine γ‐lyase (CTH) is upregulated in bone‐metastatic PC3 cells. Clinical data further reveal that the expression of CTH is elevated in late‐stage prostate cancer patients, and higher CTH expression correlates with poor survival from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) prostate cancer RNA‐seq datasets. CTH promotes NF‐κB nuclear translocation through H2S‐mediated sulfhydration on cysteine‐38 of the NF‐κB p65 subunit, resulting in increased IL‐1β expression and H2S‐induced cell invasion. Knockdown of CTH in PC3 cells results in the suppression of tumor growth and distant metastasis, while overexpression of CTH in DU145 cells promotes primary tumor growth and lymph node metastasis in the orthotopic implanted xenograft mouse model. Together, our findings provide evidence that CTH generated H2S promotes prostate cancer progression and metastasis through IL‐1β/NF‐κB signaling pathways.
Dermal and muscle fibroblasts and skeletal myofibers survive chikungunya virus infection and harbor persistent RNA

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthritogenic alphavirus that acutely causes fever as well as severe joint and muscle pain. Chronic musculoskeletal pain persists in a substantial fraction of patients for months to years after the initial infection, yet we still have a poor understanding of what promotes chronic disease. While replicating virus has not been detected in joint-associated tissues of patients with persistent arthritis nor in various animal models at convalescent time points, viral RNA is detected months after acute infection. To identify the cells that might contribute to pathogenesis during this chronic phase, we developed a recombinant CHIKV that expresses Cre recombinase (CHIKV-3ʹ-Cre). CHIKV-3ʹ-Cre replicated in myoblasts and fibroblasts, and it induced arthritis during the acute phase in mice. Importantly, it also induced chronic disease, including persistent viral RNA and chronic myositis and synovitis similar to wild-type virus. CHIKV-3ʹ-Cre infection of tdTomato reporter mice resulted in a population of tdTomato+ cells that persisted for at least 112 days. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometric profiling revealed that these tdTomato+ cells predominantly were myofibers and dermal and muscle fibroblasts. Treatment with an antibody against Mxra8, a recently defined host receptor for CHIKV, reduced the number of tdTomato+ cells in the chronic phase and diminished the levels of chronic viral RNA, implicating these tdTomato+ cells as the reservoir of chronic viral RNA. Finally, isolation and flow cytometry-based sorting of the tdTomato+ fibroblasts from the skin and ankle and analysis for viral RNA revealed that the tdTomato+ cells harbor most of the persistent CHIKV RNA at chronic time points. Therefore, this CHIKV-3ʹ-Cre and tdTomato reporter mouse system identifies the cells that survive CHIKV infection in vivo and are enriched for persistent CHIKV RNA. This model represents a useful tool for studying CHIKV pathogenesis in the acute and chronic stages of disease.
Analysis of Fruits by Image Processing Algorithms

Detection of damages in fruits is important in agriculture products processing because a very small number of injured fruits can cause rottenness infected by microbes and spread the infection to the whole batch and thus causing great economic loss and it also affects further storage and sale. manual sorting of fruits and vegetables is only carried out at many places. This type of manual sorting will not be accurate in real time processing. The detection accuracies are also greatly affected by many factors such as time, bruise type, bruise severity, fruit variety, and fruit pre- and post harvest conditions.Manual sorting has many disadvantages as it requires plenty of labours to investigate it results in low productivity and grading standard is difficult to carry out. Hence the manual sorting is replaced by Machine Vision (MV) system using Vision Box hardware with the advantages of high precision and high automatization which is designed by using image processing algorithms.
Microbial metabolites control the thymic development of mucosal-associated invariant T cells

Commensals rule the MAITrix Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells play an important role in mucosal homeostasis. MAIT cells recognize microbial small molecules presented by the major histocompatibility complex class Ib molecule MR1. MAIT cells are absent in germ-free mice, and the mechanisms by which microbiota control MAIT cell development are unknown (see the Perspective by Oh and Unutmaz). Legoux et al. show that, in mice, development of MAIT cells within the thymus is governed by the bacterial product 5-(2-oxopropylideneamino)-6-d-ribitylaminouracil, which rapidly traffics from the mucosa to the thymus, where it is captured by MR1 and presented to developing MAIT cells. Constantinides et al. report that MAIT cell induction only occurs during a limited, early-life window and requires exposure to defined microbes that produce riboflavin derivatives. Continual interactions between MAIT cells and commensals in the skin modulates tissue repair functions. Together, these papers highlight how the microbiota can direct immune cell development and subsequent function at mucosal sites by secreting compounds that act like self-antigens. Science, this issue p. 494, p. eaax6624; see also p. 419 In neonatal mice, microbial small molecules presented in the thymus drive the expansion of mucosal-associated invariant T cells. How the microbiota modulate immune functions remains poorly understood. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are implicated in mucosal homeostasis and absent in germ-free mice. Here, we show that commensal bacteria govern murine MAIT intrathymic development, as MAIT cells did not recirculate to the thymus. MAIT development required RibD expression in bacteria, indicating that production of the MAIT antigen 5-(2-oxopropylideneamino)-6-d-ribitylaminouracil (5-OP-RU) was necessary. 5-OP-RU rapidly traveled from mucosal surfaces to the thymus, where it was captured by the major histocompatibility complex class Ib molecule MR1. This led to increased numbers of the earliest MAIT precursors and the expansion of more mature receptor-related, orphan receptor γt–positive MAIT cells. Thus, a microbiota-derived metabolite controls the development of mucosally targeted T cells in a process blurring the distinction between exogenous antigens and self-antigens.
The relationship between individual differences in gray matter volume and religiosity and mystical experiences: A preregistered voxel‐based morphometry study

The neural substrates of religious belief and experience are an intriguing though contentious topic. Here, we had the unique opportunity to establish the relation between validated measures of religiosity and gray matter volume in a large sample of participants (N = 211). In this registered report, we conducted a confirmatory voxel‐based morphometry analysis to test three central hypotheses regarding the relationship between religiosity and mystical experiences and gray matter volume. The preregisterered hypotheses, analysis plan, preprocessing and analysis code and statistical brain maps are all available from online repositories. By using a region‐of‐interest analysis, we found no evidence that religiosity is associated with a reduced volume of the orbito‐frontal cortex and changes in the structure of the bilateral inferior parietal lobes. Neither did we find support for the notion that mystical experiences are associated with a reduced volume of the hippocampus, the right middle temporal gyrus or with the inferior parietal lobes. A whole‐brain analysis furthermore indicated that no structural brain differences were found in association with religiosity and mystical experiences. We believe that the search for the neural correlates of religious beliefs and experiences should therefore shift focus from studying structural brain differences to a functional and multivariate approach.
Inhibition of AKT Sensitizes Cancer Cells to Antineoplastic Drugs by Downregulating Flap Endonuclease 1

DNA repair mechanisms are crucial for cell survival. It increases the cancer cell's ability to resist DNA damage. FEN1 is involved in DNA replication and repair, specifically long-patch base excision repair. Although the gene function and post-translational modification of FEN1 are well studied, the regulatory mechanism of FEN1 by upstream signal pathways remains unclear. In this article, we have identified AKT as a regulator of FEN1 activity in lung cancer cells. Sustained activation of AKT can phosphorylate nuclear transcription factor NF-κB/p65. NF-κB/p65 directly binds to FEN1 promoter to promote a high transcription level of FEN1, revealing the contribution of the AKT signaling pathway to drug resistance of cancer cells. The combination of an AKT inhibitor and cisplatin efficiently suppressed lung cancer cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Our study illustrated an upstream regulatory mechanism of FEN1, which will contribute to the development of effective lung cancer therapies. These findings identified AKT as a regulator of FEN1 activity and revealed the AKT signaling pathway's contribution to drug resistance, which will contribute to the development of effective lung cancer therapy.
Application of Expert System of X- Ray Micro Computed Tomography Imaging for Identification of Sitophilus oryzae Infestation in Stored Rice Grains.

BACKGROUND The plausibility of image texture analysis to assess X-ray images of S. oryzae infested rice with variable storage days (fresh, 45, 90, 135, 180 and 225 days) was acquired and investigated employing X-ray micro-computed tomography instrument. Subsequently, image acquisition and pre-processing, the extraction of the image textural features was done using volume graphics VGL 2.2 software. Morphological features (radius, diameter, volume, compactness, sphericity, defect volume, and voids) were extracted from the x, y, z views of the rice grain, and applying as inputs for the principal component analysis (PCA). RESULTS Clear grouping was observed between the fresh and 45-225 days S. oryzae infested rice grains with a classification accuracy of 88.34%. The voids (884 248.53 μm3 ) and defect volume distribution (137 428.04 μm3 ) were found to be maximum in 225 days samples. The similarity or the distance indices values between fresh and 255 days S. oryzae infested rice samples were found to be 35 038.08 which resulted in clear discrimination between different storage days S. oryzae infested rice grains. CONCLUSION This work contributes to the potential use of image texture analysis to aid in discrimination of S. oryzae infested rice grains from the fresh rice grains. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Predicting Outcome After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Lactate, Need for Vasopressors, and Cytochrome c

Background: Outcome prediction after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is difficult. We hypothesized that lactate and need for vasopressors would predict outcome, and that addition of a mitochondrial biomarker would enhance performance of the tool. Methods: Prospective observational study of OHCA patients presenting to an academic medical center September 2008 to April 2016. We conducted univariate and multivariate logistic regressions. Results: Patients were divided based on 2 variables: vasopressor status and initial lactate (<5 mmol/L, 5-10, ≥10). Three hundred fifty-two patients were evaluated; 249 had a lactate within 3 hours and were included. Patients on vasopressors had higher mortality (74% vs 40%; P < .001). A stepwise increase in mortality is associated with increasing lactate (45% lactate <5, 66% 5-10, and 83% ≥10; P < 001). Multivariable models with lactate group and vasopressors as predictors demonstrated excellent discrimination (area under the receiver operating curve [AUC]: 0.73 [95% confidence interval, CI: 0.66-0.79]; adjusted for additional covariates: AUC: 0.81 [95% CI: 0.75-0.86]). Thirty-six patients had cytochrome c levels available; among these 36, when comparing models with and without cytochrome c, there was no difference (AUC: 0.88 [95% CI: 0.76-1.00] vs AUC: 0.85 [95% CI: 0.73-0.98], respectively; P = .30). Conclusion: In this prospective validation, the combination of lactate and vasopressors in the immediate postarrest period is predictive of mortality. Cytochrome c offered minimal additional predictive power.
A Hybrid Approach using Collaborative filtering and Content based Filtering for Recommender System

In today’s digital world, it has become an irksome task to find the content of one's liking in an endless variety of content that are being consumed like books, videos, articles, movies, etc. On the other hand there has been an emerging growth among the digital content providers who want to engage as many users on their service as possible for the maximum time. This gave birth to the recommender system comes wherein the content providers recommend users the content according to the users’ taste and liking. In this paper we have proposed a movie recommendation system. A movie recommendation is important in our social life due to its features such as suggesting a set of movies to users based on their interest, or the popularities of the movies. In this paper we are proposing a movie recommendation system that has the ability to recommend movies to a new user as well as the other existing users. It mines movie databases to collect all the important information, such as, popularity and attractiveness, which are required for recommendation. We use content-based and collaborative filtering and also hybrid filtering, which is a combination of the results of these two techniques, to construct a system that provides more precise recommendations concerning movies.
What Hinders the Development of Green Building? An Investigation of China

With the rapid development of the economy, people are paying more and more attention to the environmental problems. In this circumstance, the concept of a circular economy is proposed for making efficient use of resources and minimizing the production of waste and other emissions. Each year, the construction sector consumes a vast volume of resources and makes impacts on the environment. To align with the development of the circular economy, the concept of green building is proposed. In China, though the concept of green building has been promoted for decades, the development status is far from optimistic. Thus, this paper aims to investigate the barriers that hinder green building development (GBD) in China. Through a systematic review and semi-structured interviews with experienced industrial practitioners, 24 potential barriers of GBD in China were identified. A questionnaire survey was then conducted for data collection. After descriptive and inferential statistical analyses, a partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) was established to investigate the impacts of different barriers on GBD. Results showed that the lack of policy and industry guidance, the immature market environment, and the lack of environmental awareness are the most important GBD barriers in China. This research can assist stakeholders in better understanding the status of GBD in China and enable decision-makers to formulate appropriate strategies to promote green building.
Ring-assisted modal conversion for on-chip mode-division multiplexing signal processing

We present a system composed of a two-mode waveguide coupled to a single-mode racetrack resonator. In this configuration, each resonance can be exploited to achieve a complete even-to-odd (odd-to-even) mode power conversion, thus allowing transparent channel switching in mode-multiplexed (MDM) networks. The spectral response of the system is evaluated by extending the single-mode scattering parameters formalism to the multi-mode propagation domain.
Give PrEP a chance: moving on from the “risk compensation” concept

While bio‐behavioural interventions (BIs) for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV prevention have shown their effectiveness (e.g. treatment for syphilis, HPV vaccination or pre‐exposure prophylaxis [PrEP]), they have also aroused major concerns regarding behavioural changes that could counteract their benefit. Risk compensation (RC) fears concerning BIs in the HIV/STIs prevention field are intimately linked to representations, judgements and social control on sexual behaviour. With an increasing number of PrEP studies describing a rise in STIs due to RC, this paper argues for a shift away from the focus on RC and proposes a more constructive approach to respond to the needs of people living with HIV and populations most at risk.
Translating Asynchronous Games for Distributed Synthesis (Full Version)

In distributed synthesis, we generate a set of process implementations that, together, accomplish an objective against all possible behaviors of the environment. A lot of recent work has focussed on systems with causal memory, i.e., sets of asynchronous processes that exchange their causal histories upon synchronization. Decidability results for this problem have been stated either in terms of control games, which extend Zielonka's asynchronous automata by partitioning the actions into controllable and uncontrollable, or in terms of Petri games, which extend Petri nets by partitioning the tokens into system and environment players. The precise connection between these two models was so far, however, an open question. In this paper, we provide the first formal connection between control games and Petri games. We establish the equivalence of the two game models based on weak bisimulations between their strategies. For both directions, we show that a game of one type can be translated into an equivalent game of the other type. We provide exponential upper and lower bounds for the translations. Our translations make it possible to transfer and combine decidability results between the two types of games. Exemplarily, we translate decidability in acyclic communication architectures, originally obtained for control games, to Petri games, and decidability in single-process systems, originally obtained for Petri games, to control games.
Alterations to the Esophageal Microbiome Associated with Progression from Barrett's Esophagus to Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

Background: The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has risen dramatically over the past half century, and the underlying reasons are incompletely understood. Broad shifts to the upper gastrointestinal microbiome may be partly responsible. The goal of this study was to describe alterations in the esophageal microbiome that occur with progression from Barrett's esophagus to esophageal adenocarcinoma. Methods: A case–control study was performed of patients with and without Barrett's esophagus who were scheduled to undergo upper endoscopy. Demographic, clinical, and dietary intake data were collected, and esophageal brushings were collected during the endoscopy. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to characterize the microbiome. Results: A total of 45 patients were enrolled and included in the analyses [16 controls; 14 Barrett's esophagus without dysplasia (NDBE); 6 low-grade dysplasia (LGD); 5 high-grade dysplasia (HGD); and 4 esophageal adenocarcinoma]. There was no difference in alpha diversity between non–Barrett's esophagus and Barrett's esophagus, but there was evidence of decreased diversity in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma as assessed by Simpson index. There was an apparent shift in composition at the transition from LGD to HGD, and patients with HGD and esophageal adenocarcinoma had decreased Firmicutes and increased Proteobacteria. In addition, patients with HGD or esophageal adenocarcinoma had increased Enterobacteriaceae and Akkermansia muciniphila and reduced Veillonella. In the study population, patients taking proton pump inhibitors had increased Streptococcus and decreased Gram-negative bacteria overall. Conclusions: Shifts in the Barrett's esophagus–associated microbiome were observed in patients with HGD and esophageal adenocarcinoma, with increases in certain potentially pathogenic bacteria. Impact: The microbiome may play a role in esophageal carcinogenesis.
Multifaceted HIV integrase functionalities and therapeutic strategies for their inhibition

Antiretroviral inhibitors that are used to manage HIV infection/AIDS predominantly target three enzymes required for virus replication: reverse transcriptase, protease, and integrase. Although integrase inhibitors were the last among this group to be approved for treating people living with HIV, they have since risen to the forefront of treatment options. Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are now recommended components of frontline and drug-switch antiretroviral therapy formulations. Integrase catalyzes two successive magnesium-dependent polynucleotidyl transferase reactions, 3′ processing and strand transfer, and INSTIs tightly bind the divalent metal ions and viral DNA end after 3′ processing, displacing from the integrase active site the DNA 3′-hydroxyl group that is required for strand transfer activity. Although second-generation INSTIs present higher barriers to the development of viral drug resistance than first-generation compounds, the mechanisms underlying these superior barrier profiles are incompletely understood. A separate class of HIV-1 integrase inhibitors, the allosteric integrase inhibitors (ALLINIs), engage integrase distal from the enzyme active site, namely at the binding site for the cellular cofactor lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF)/p75 that helps to guide integration into host genes. ALLINIs inhibit HIV-1 replication by inducing integrase hypermultimerization, which precludes integrase binding to genomic RNA and perturbs the morphogenesis of new viral particles. Although not yet approved for human use, ALLINIs provide important probes that can be used to investigate the link between HIV-1 integrase and viral particle morphogenesis. Herein, I review the mechanisms of retroviral integration as well as the promises and challenges of using integrase inhibitors for HIV/AIDS management.