Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of ultra-thin low warpage coreless substrate

Coreless substrate is a promising next generation substrate. Coreless substrate has very low z-height, which means such substrate will be lighter, smaller and it will have very short interconnection, fine linewidth, and good power integrity. But the major challenge for coreless substrate manufacturing and assembly processing is reducing warpage. In this paper, we introduced a novel coreless substrate with 100μm thick and very low warpage. A novel low cost manufactory process for the substrate was also developed. In order to achieve low warpage coreless substrate, new materials were used. Mostly ABF or PI was used as coreless substrate stack material. In this paper PP was used as main material, and the glass fiber cloth in PP supporting the substrate reduced warpage. SAP process was used manufacturing coreless substrate; particular fixtures were made for the manufacture process. The through-holes were 40μm diameter ablated by UV laser. The copper layer was 30μm thick. Two types of coreless substrate were fabricated using different PP materials for different application. Type I coreless substrate using common PP film is constructed by one layer PP film (40μm) and two 30μm Cu layers. The application is for interposers and high frequency applications. The PP using in type II has low dielectric loss; the dielectric loss angle tangent is 0.0060 at 1GHz. Type II substrate can be used in high frequency device manufactory and packaging. The electrical test structures were designed and tested. A 2.13GHz micro-strip filter was designed and manufactured using type B coreless substrate.
Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells as feasible and effective adoptive immunotherapy for the treatment of solid tumors

Introduction: Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells are heterogeneous ex vivo-expanded T lymphocytes with mixed T-NK phenotype and endowed with a wide MHC-unrestricted antitumor activity. CIK cells can be expanded from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cultured with the timed addition of IFN-γ, Ab anti-CD3 and IL2. A consistent subset of mature CIK cells presents a CD3+CD56+ phenotype. The CD3+CD56+ cellular subset is the main responsible for the tumor-killing activity, mostly mediated by the interaction of NKG2D receptor with MHC-unrestricted ligands (MIC A/B; ULBPs) on tumor cells. Areas covered: In the present work, we described the biologic characteristics of CIK cells, focusing on those aspects that may favor their clinical translation. We reviewed preclinical data and analyzed reports from clinical trials. A specific paragraph is dedicated to future research perspectives in the field. Expert opinion: CIK cells represent a realistic new option in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Crucial issues, favoring their clinical translation, are the easy availability of large amounts of expanded CIK cells and their MHC-unrestricted tumor killing, potentially effective against many tumor types. Intriguing future perspectives and open challenges are the investigation of synergisms with other immunotherapy approaches, targeted therapies or even conventional chemotherapy.
Macroeconomic dynamics and the IS puzzle

Abstract The authors solve the IS puzzle for the G7 countries. They find that five of the G7 countries have the expected significant negative relationship between the output gap and the realrate gap; the time series of the remaining two show material deviation from expected IScurve behavior. The authors show that the observed time dependence of the interaction between the output and real-rate gaps can be represented in a parsimonious and practical manner using the theory of anelasticity that unifies partial-adjustment specifications of the IS curve.
Control architecture for transition from level flight to hover of a fixed-wing UAV

This paper describes the control architecture for fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) which can transition from level flight to hover. The controller is designed by applying dynamic inversion method to the translational and rotational nonlinear equations of motion of a UAV. The Disturbance Accommodating Control (DAC) observer is used to estimate nonlinear terms of its rotational motion. H∞ method is treated for rotational motion of the UAV to synthesize controllers achieving robust performance against modeling and estimating errors. In order to verify the performance of the designed control system, numerical simulation is demonstrated for the UAV.
Twin-Specific Intrauterine ‘Growth’ Charts Based on Cross-Sectional Birthweight Data

Abstract The assessment of fetal growth is an essential component of good antenatal care, especially for twins. The aims of this study are to develop twin-specific intrauterine 'growth' charts, based on cross-sectional birthweight data, for monochorionic and dichorionic twins according to sex and parity, and to detect twins at risk for neonatal death by comparing the use of twin-specific and singleton charts. The study sample consisted of 76,471 singletons and 8454 twins (4227 pairs) born in East Flanders (Belgium). Birthweights were analyzed using a nonlinear Gaussian regression. After 33 weeks of gestation, the birthweights of twins started to deviate from singletons (difference of 900 grams at 42 weeks). Birthweights of dichorionic twins continued to increase, whereas those of monochorionic twins decreased after week 40 (difference of more than 300 g at 42 weeks). After 31 weeks of gestation, neonatal mortality increased as centile decreased, and was especially high if birthweight was below the twin-specific third centile: . 032 (below) versus . 007 (above). Using singleton centiles, this was less obvious. In conclusion, twin-specific growth charts, taking chorionicity into account, are more accurate to detect twins at risk for neonatal death. Therefore the presented charts, based on cross-sectional birthweight data, enable an improved assessment of twin growth.
Effects of cycling alone or in a sheltered position on subsequent running performance during a triathlon.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the responses during a triathlon in which cycling was performed alone, as well as in a drafting position. METHODS Eight male triathletes of international level performed a sprint-distance triathlon (0.75-km swim, 20-km bike, 5-km run) on two different occasions, one completely alone (TA), the other as a drafter during the bike leg of the event (TD). The speed during drafted cycling remained at all times identical to the no-draft situation. RESULTS The results revealed that expiratory flow (VE), oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR), and blood lactate concentrations ([La-]) were significantly lower when drafting on the bike as opposed to biking alone (112.1 vs. 162.2 L x min(-1), 55.2 vs. 64.2 mL x min(-1) x kg(-1), 155 vs. 166.8 beats x min(-1), and 4.0 vs. 8.4 mmol x L(-1), respectively). The results also showed that running after biking in a drafting situation (for similar bike speeds) significantly improved the running speed compared with that of the no-draft modality (17.8 vs. 17.1 km x h(-1)). Furthermore, VE, VO2, HR, and [La-] were significantly higher during TD run compared with TA run (161.6 vs. 141.4 L x min(-1), 70.9 vs. 67.1 mL x min(-1) x kg(-1), 175.3 vs. 167.98 beats x min(-1), and 8.1 vs. 7.6 mmol x L(-1), respectively). CONCLUSIONS These results showed that drafting allows triathletes to save significantly on energy during the bike leg of a triathlon and creates the conditions for an improved running performance, with higher benefits for the strong runners.
Fusarium phytotoxin trichothecenes have an elicitor-like activity in Arabidopsis thaliana, but the activity differed significantly among their molecular species.

Phytopathogenic fungi such as Fusarium spp. synthesize trichothecene family phytotoxins. Although the type B trichothecene, deoxynivalenol (DON), is thought to be a virulence factor allowing infection of plants by their trichothecene-producing Fusarium spp. , little is known about effects of trichothecenes on the defense response in host plants. Therefore, in this article, we investigated these effects of various trichothecenes in Fusarium-susceptible Arabidopsis thaliana. Necrotic lesions were observed in Arabidopsis leaves infiltrated by 1 microM type A trichothecenes such as T-2 toxin. Trichothecene-induced lesions exhibited dead cells, callose deposition, generation of hydrogen peroxide, and accumulation of salicylic acids. Moreover, infiltration by trichothecenes caused rapid and prolonged activation of two mitogen-activated protein kinases and induced expression of both PR-1 and PDF1.2 genes. Thus, type A trichothecenes trigger the cell death by activation of an elicitor-like signaling pathway in Arabidopsis. Although DON did not have such an activity even at 10 microM, translational inhibition by DON was observed at concentrations above 5 microM. These results suggested that DON is capable of inhibiting translation in Arabidopsis cells without induction of the elicitor-like signaling pathway.
Indications for the Use of Propofol in Electroconvulsive Therapy

Background Propofol is an anesthetic agent commonly used for ambulatory surgery because is associated with rapid recovery and a benign side effect profile. In electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), its use is limited because of its seizure-shortening effects, and is recommended only for patients with preexisting cardiac conditions requiring attenuated hemodynamic response during treatment. We have identified two additional significant indications for propofol: to induce shorter seizures in patients with prolonged seizures and to minimize post-ictal nausea and vomiting. Methods We reviewed the records of 340 patients treated with ECT. We identified 28 patients who were switched from methohexital to propofol anesthesia due to adverse effects or to avoid prolonged seizures. Results Twenty-two patients were switched from methohexital anesthesia to propofol because they had already experienced long seizures. Nine patients had seizures longer than 180 seconds requiring termination with a benzodiazepine. The switch resulted in an average shortening of the EEG recorded seizures by 38.7%. Eight of the 22 (36.4%) patients were adolescents. These 8 comprised 53% of the total of 15 adolescents treated with ECT in our service. Five of the 15 (33%) had seizures longer than 180 seconds. Finally, 7 of the 28 patients were switched to propofol because of nausea and vomiting, which was significantly reduced. No side effects were noted, and none of these patients needed to switch back to methohexital. Conclusion Propofol may be a useful alternative to methohexital for the treatment of patients who have excessively long seizures and/or severe nausea and vomiting after ECT. Such seizures are more common among adolescents.
Cheap talk or incredible commitment? (Mis)calculating transparency and anti‐corruption

Why do “tainted” politicians in high-corruption countries adopt transparency and anti-corruption policies that risk exposing their wrongdoing? Using the cases of freedom of information and public asset disclosure in Romania, we assess three explanations: that these policies are meant to be mere window dressing, facilitate bottom-up monitoring, or ensure access to information for the ruling party if it loses power. We find that decision makers adopt transparency and anti-corruption policies because they want to signal their integrity and because they underestimate their consequences. Because they assume they will be able to control implementation, decision makers discount the potential costs of damaging information being released. Sustained political competition can keep corruption and lack of transparency on the public and political agenda, shifting attention from policy adoption to implementation and leading to increased compliance. Since politicians miscalculate the consequences of their actions, signals that are intended to be cheap can end up being quite costly.
Environmental Entrepreneurship and Interorganizational Arrangements: A Model of Social‐benefit Market Creation

Research summary Social-benefit markets, such as those for carbon trading, are becoming increasingly popular for combating complex social and environmental problems. However, their unique characteristics pose substantial challenges to market creation and require novel entrepreneurial approaches. Integrating the entrepreneurship literature with that of management information systems, we conceptualize social-benefit markets as a new type of interorganizational arrangement and develop a model of social-benefit market creation. First, we argue that a core entrepreneurial collective, comprising a plurality of actors from government, business, and social movements, is essential. Second, we elaborate a six-phase process through which the interests of entrepreneurs are aligned and inscribed in a market artifact and the market is formed. The model is illustrated with reference to the Western Climate Initiative's carbon market creation efforts. Managerial summary Carbon markets have become a popular strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, with similar market-based solutions being proposed for other social and environmental challenges. We refer to these new structures as social-benefit markets. Social-benefit market creation is a complex undertaking that will require novel entrepreneurial approaches and new interorganizational information systems. In an effort to reduce some of this complexity, we propose a model to explain how entrepreneurs from government, business, and social movements must work collectively to build social-benefit markets. We further elaborate a six-phase process through which entrepreneurs are able to align their diverse interests and create a stable market artifact. For managers from all sectors, our work offers actionable guidance for forming collective ventures that deliver real social benefits. Copyright © 2017 Strategic Management Society
Multiple Regression Model Averaging and the Focused Information Criterion With an Application to Portfolio Choice

ABSTRACT We consider multiple regression (MR) model averaging using the focused information criterion (FIC). Our approach is motivated by the problem of implementing a mean-variance portfolio choice rule. The usual approach is to estimate parameters ignoring the intention to use them in portfolio choice. We develop an estimation method that focuses on the trading rule of interest. Asymptotic distributions of submodel estimators in the MR case are derived using a localization framework. The localization is of both regression coefficients and error covariances. Distributions of submodel estimators are used for model selection with the FIC. This allows comparison of submodels using the risk of portfolio rule estimators. FIC model averaging estimators are then characterized. This extension further improves risk properties. We show in simulations that applying these methods in the portfolio choice case results in improved estimates compared with several competitors. An application to futures data shows superior performance as well.
Flexible and Generic Data Quality Metadata Exchange

Data quality metadata frequently needs to be exchanged between various parties and tools engaged in the management of data quality (DQ). In this paper we describe a data quality metadata exchange (DQME) Extensible Markup Language (XML) approach that addresses a number of data quality management fundamentals in a flexible and generic manner. The approach provides for the exchange of XML messages covering DQ definitions, business rule evaluations and DQ measurements. Each of these types of DQ metadata exchange operates within the context of a corresponding set of processes and tools. The approach has been developed to support an Enterprise Data Quality Management Service (EDQMS) project being implemented for the United States Air Force (USAF) Operations Support community.
Recreational Demand for Shellfish Harvesting Under Environmental Closures

ABSTRACT The Puget Sound estuary provides one of the most valuable shellfish habitats in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Shellfish are important economically, ecologically, and socially to the Puget Sound basin. The State of Washington manages the safety of shellfish harvest areas by assessing water quality on an ongoing basis and instituting advisories and closures based on water quality thresholds. Managers currently have little information to understand the effect of these closures on harvesting effort or economic values. In order to address this important need, we recently conducted a contingent behavior survey of recreational shellfish harvesters that use Puget Sound beaches. The survey elicited the number of annual trips respondents would expect to take under alternative closure scenarios, including a baseline of no closure. We estimate the demand for recreational trips using a count model system, quantifying the economic value lost to harvesters when beaches are closed due to pollution or biotoxins. JEL Codes: Q53, Q26.
The Human Carotid Body: Expression of Oxygen Sensing and Signaling Genes of Relevance for Anesthesia

Background:Hypoxia is a common cause of adverse events in the postoperative period, where respiratory depression due to residual effects of drugs used in anesthesia is an important underlying factor. General anesthetics and neuromuscular blocking agents reduce the human ventilatory response to hypoxia. Although the carotid body (CB) is the major oxygen sensor in humans, critical oxygen sensing and signaling pathways have been investigated only in animals so far. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize the expression of key genes and localization of their products involved in the human oxygen sensing and signaling pathways with a focus on receptor systems and ion channels of relevance in anesthesia. Methods:Six CBs were removed unilaterally from patients undergoing radical neck dissection. The gene expression and cell-specific protein localization in the CBs were investigated with DNA microarrays, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry. Results:We found gene expression of the oxygen-sensing pathway, heme oxygenase 2, and the K+ channels TASK (TWIK-related acid sensitive K+ channel)-1 and BK (large-conductance potassium channel). In addition, we show the expression of critical receptor subunits such as &ggr;-aminobutyric acid A (&agr;2, &bgr;3, and &ggr;2), nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (&agr;3, &agr;7, and &bgr;2), purinoceptors (A2A and P2X2), and the dopamine D2 receptor. Conclusions:In unique samples of the human CB, we here demonstrate presence of critical proteins in the oxygen-sensing and signaling cascade. Our findings demonstrate similarities to, but also important differences from, established animal models. In addition, our work establishes an essential platform for studying the interaction between anesthetic drugs and human CB chemoreception.
Zno:Al doping level and hydrogen growth ambient effects on CIGS solar cell performance

Cu(In,Ga)Se<inf>2</inf> (CIGS) photovoltaic (PV) cells require a highly conducting and transparent electrode for optimum device performance. ZnO:Al films grown from targets containing 2.0 wt. % Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> are commonly used for this purpose. Maximum carrier mobilities of these films grown at room temperature are ∼20–25 cm<sup>2</sup>V<sup>−1</sup>s<sup>−1</sup>. Therefore, relatively high carrier concentrations are required to achieve the desired conductivity, which leads to free carrier absorption in the near infrared (IR). Lightly doped films (0.05 – 0.2 wt.% Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>), which show less IR absorption, reach mobility values greater than 50 cm<sup>2</sup>V<sup>−1</sup>s<sup>−1</sup> when deposited in H<inf>2</inf> partial pressure. We incorporate these lightly doped ZnO:Al layers into CIGS PV cells produced at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Preliminary results show quantum efficiency values of these cells rival those of a past world-record cell produced at NREL that used 2.0 wt. % Al-doped ZnO films. The highest cell efficiency obtained in this trial was 18.1%.
A LINC amplifier utilizing digital signal processing applied to a DAMPS system

This paper is about implementing a LINC amplifier utilizing DSP in a DAMPS wireless system. First, the theory behind LINC amplifiers is presented. Then the I-Q representation of signals is studied. Followed by a look at pi/4 QPSK schemes. Then, wepsilall show how to apply a LINC amplifier to a pi/4 QPSK modulation scheme in a digital environment, and give the equivalent RF circuit. The digital concerns related to that procedure are then studied. Finally, a prototype system will be presented. Computer simulation of this system and the proposed implementation are both presented.
Metaheuristic ILS with path relinking for the number partitioning problem

This study brings an implementation of a metaheuristic procedure to solve the Number Partitioning Problem (NPP), which is a classic NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem. The presented problem has applications in different areas, such as: logistics, production and operations management, besides important relationships with other combinatorial problems. This paper aims to perform a comparative analysis between the proposed algorithm with others metaheuristics using a group of instances available on the literature. Implementations of constructive heuristics, local search and metaheuristics ILS with path relinking as mechanism of intensification and diversification were made in order to improve solutions, surpassing the others algorithms.
Finding Solutions for Environmental Conflicts

The book has been written to meet the requirements of any environmental professional â€“ lawyer, scientist, engineer, planner â€“ who directly, or indirectly, may be involved in development or planning conflicts when the environment is an issue. For the lawyer, this book, with its focus on understanding and integrating unifying legal principles and scientific concepts, consolidates opportunities for assessing and resolving environmental conflicts by negotiation.
Structure–function analysis and genetic interactions of the Luc7 subunit of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae U1 snRNP

Luc7 is an essential 261-amino acid protein subunit of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae U1 snRNP. To establish structure–function relations for yeast Luc7, we conducted an in vivo mutational analysis entailing N- and C-terminal truncations and alanine scanning of phylogenetically conserved amino acids, including two putative zinc finger motifs, ZnF1 and ZnF2, and charged amino acids within the ZnF2 module. We identify Luc7-(31–246) as a minimal functional protein and demonstrate that whereas mutations of the CCHH ZnF2 motif are lethal, mutations of the ZnF1 CCCH motif and the charged residues of the ZnF2 modules are not. Though dispensable for vegetative growth in an otherwise wild-type background, the N-terminal 18-amino acid segment of Luc7 plays an important role in U1 snRNP function, evinced by our findings that its deletion (i) impaired the splicing of SUS1 pre-mRNA; (ii) was synthetically lethal absent other U1 snRNP constituents (Mud1, Nam8, the TMG cap, the C terminus of Snp1), absent the Mud2 subunit of the Msl5•Mud2 branchpoint binding complex, and when the m7G cap-binding site of Cbc2 was debilitated; and (iii) bypassed the need for the essential DEAD-box ATPase Prp28. Similar phenotypes were noted for ZnF1 mutations C45A, C53A, and C68A and ZnF2 domain mutations D214A, R215A, R216A, and D219A. These findings highlight the contributions of the Luc7 N-terminal peptide, the ZnF1 motif, and the ZnF2 module in stabilizing the interactions of the U1 snRNP with the pre-mRNA 5′ splice site and promoting the splicing of a yeast pre-mRNA, SUS1, that has a nonconsensus 5′ splice site.