Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTATION OF POWER AND DELAY VARIANT OF A RADIX-10 COMBINATIONAL MULTIPLIER USING MIXED BINARY AND BCD CODE

The decimal multiplication is one of the most important decimal arithmetic operations which have a growing demand in the area of commercial, financial, and scientific computing. It has been revived in recent years due to the large amount of data in commercial applications. In this paper, we propose a parallel decimal multiplication algorithm with three components, which are a partial product generation, a partial product reduction, and a final digit-set conversion. First, a redundant number system is applied to recode not only the multiplier, but also multiples of the multiplicand in signed-digit (SD) numbers. Furthermore, we present a multi operand SD addition algorithm to reduce the partial product array.We consider the problem of multi operand parallel decimal addition with an approach that uses binary arithmetic, suggested by the adoption of binary-coded decimal (BCD) numbers. This involves corrections in order to obtain the BCD result or a binary-to-decimal (BD) conversion. The BD conversion moreover allows an easy alignment of the sums of adjacent columns. We treat the design of BCD digit adders using fast carry-free adders and the conversion problem through a known parallel scheme using elementary conversion cells. Spread sheets have been developed for adding several BCD digits and for simulating the BD conversion as a design tool. In this project Xilinx-ISE tool is used for simulation, logical verification, and further synthesizing.
Global and Annex I emissions corridors for the 21st century

We analyze global and Annex I emissions corridors for the st century. Emissions corridors represent the range of admissible emissions futures which observe some predefined constraints. They are calculated on the conceptual and methodological basis of the tolerable windows approach. We assess the sensitivity of the corridors to limits on the non-intolerable magnitude of climate change, the acceptable rate of emissions reductions and the feasible transition pace towards a decarbonizing economy. In addition we consider the influence of climate sensitivity on the corridors. While we calculate the global emissions corridors for the idealized assumption of a single global emitter, the Annex I emissions corridors are computed for the case of two emitters that have to obtain equal per capita emissions rights as of the year 2050. Results show a large dependence of the corridors on the climate change limit and the climate sensitivity. When the limits are varied within their plausible range, we move from a climate policy regime with vanishing emissions corridors to a regime, where no action seems necessary. The economic parameters have a much larger impact on the the Annex I corridors than on the global emissions corridors. Due to the long term requirement of equal per capita emissions rights, the size of Annex I emissions corridors is strongly influenced by the emissions reductions capabilities of the Annex I countries in the long as well as in the short run.
Vertical dispersion of light inertial particles in stably stratified turbulence: The influence of the Basset force

The dispersion of light inertial particles $\rho_p/\rho_f = \mathcal{O}(1)$ in statistically stationary stably stratified turbulence is studied by means of direct numerical simulations. The light particle dispersion behavior is found to be comparable to that of heavy particles when displayed as a function of the Stokes number. Deviations from fluid particle dispersion are found already for small Stokes numbers; the length of the typical plateau for vertical dispersion is shorter for the light inertial particles. All the forces in the Maxey-Riley equation are taken into account and they are found to be of similar magnitude as the Stokes drag for particles with $\rho_p/\rho_f = \mathcal{O}(1)$. However, not all forces directly influence the particle dispersion. It is shown that especially the often neglected Basset force plays a considerable role in the vertical dispersion of light particles in stratified turbulence. Neglecting this force results in an overprediction of the vertical dispersion by about 15%-20%.
How Is the World Created from Nothing

An answer is given to the question: how is the world created from nothing? This answer is based on recent discoveries of modern physics, including dark energy, the holographic principle, and non-commutative geometry. This answer not only solves the mystery of how the world is created, but also solves the mystery of the origin of consciousness.
PALEOLIMNOLOGY OF THE MAYA LOWLANDS

Since the late 1950s, scientists have used sediment cores from lakes on the Yucatan Peninsula to explore the complex interactions among climate, environment, and ancient Maya culture. Early paleolimnological studies generally assumed that late Holocene climate was invariable. Consequently, paleolimnologically inferred environmental changes that occurred during the past 3,000 years or so—for example, forest decline and soil erosion—were attributed wholly to anthropogenic activities such as land clearance for agriculture and construction. Recent high-resolution, proxy-based paleoclimate records from continental and insular sites around the Caribbean Sea contradict the assumption of late Holocene climate stability. Instead, these core data suggest that regional drying began about 3,000 years ago and that the past three millennia were characterized by variable moisture availability. Paleoclimate inferences from Lakes Chichancanab and Punta Laguna, northern Yucatan Peninsula, indicate that drought events over the past 2,600 years were cyclical. These dry events, thought to have been driven by solar forcing, appear to have occurred approximately every two centuries (about 208 years). The driest period of the late Holocene occurred between A.D. 800 and 1000, coincident with the Classic Maya Collapse. We review the history of paleolimnological studies in the Maya Lowlands, discuss the difficulty of differentiating climatic signals from anthropogenic signals in late Holocene lake sediment profiles, and assess current understanding of past climate changes in the region based on regional lacustrine sediment studies.
Band Weight Adaptive Classification Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification

Hyperspectral images not only contain a large amount of ground object information in the plane space, but also carry a lot of spectral feature information in the spectral band dimension. Therefore, attention should be paid to both spatial and spectral features of hyperspectral images when classifying ground objects. Convolution neural network has remarkable ability of feature extraction, based on convolutional neural network, this paper proposes a dual-input convolutional neural network Band Weight Adaptive Classification Network (BWACN) and improves the Focal Loss Band Weight Adaptive Classification Network (FLBWACN). A branch of BWACN inputs two-dimensional spatial information of hyperspectral data, then extracts spatial features through 2D convolution, and maps spatial features to higher-dimensional space. The input of another branch of BWACN is the band information of hyperspectral images. The weight of each spectral band is initialized through the global average pooling layer, and then the weight of each band is trained implicitly by the attention mechanism in the subsequent training process, and the weight of each band is updated iteratively. BWACN can not only extract spatial information of hyperspectral image, but also extract band information, and can apply weight to spectral band through attention mechanism, so that the band containing important information plays a greater role in classification. Aiming at the problem of unbalanced sample number in actual data set, we improved FLBWACN model by using Focal Loss. Experiments show that the proposed model can achieve more than 93% accuracy when using only 5% of the training data.
ISO spectroscopy of compact HII regions in the Galaxy - I. The catalogue

Infrared spectra between 2.3 and 196 mum were taken towards a sample of 45 compact H II regions using the two spectrometers (SWS and LWS) on board ISO. The primary goal is to determine the distribution of element abundances in the Galaxy, although there are also many other uses of this database. The spectra contain a wealth of information on the ionized gas and the associated photodissociation regions through the atomic fine-structure lines and on the dust properties via the dust emission bands and the continuum. Significant variations are found from source to source in both spectral shape and content. The sample of H II regions spans a wide range in galactocentric distance (from 0 to 22 kpc) enabling to investigate the variations of the nebular properties across the Galactic plane. The observations and the data reduction are described in detail in the present paper. The ISO spectral catalogue of compact H II regions contains the combined SWS-LWS spectra for each of the sources, the fluxes of the atomic fine-structure lines and hydrogen recombination lines, and an inventory of the spectra in terms of molecular lines, dust and ice bands.
2 2 8 M ar 2 00 1 Pion and Kaon Vector Form Factors

We develop a unitarity approach to consider the final state interaction corrections to the tree level graphs calculated from Chiral Perturbation Theory (χPT ) allowing the inclusion of explicit resonance fields. The method is discussed considering the coupled channel pion and kaon vector form factors. These form factors are then matched with the one loop χPT results. A very good description of experimental data is accomplished for the vector form factors up to √ s ≤ 1.2 GeV beyond which multiparticle states play a non negligible role. For the P-wave ππ phase shifts the agreement with data stands even higher up to √ s ≤ 1.5 GeV. We also consider the isospin breaking effects due to the ω − ρ mixing as a perturbation to the previuos results. In addition the low and resonance energy regions are discussed in detail and for the former a comparison with one and two loop χPT is made showing a remarkable coincidence with the two loop χPT results.
Problems on formation of anti-criminal mindset in education

This article examines the problems on anti-criminal mindset formation in education. Particular attention is paid to the formation of personal tolerance of upper form pupils in the educational environment. Personal tolerance is considered as a component of anti-criminal mindset. The authors make an attempt to explore the noted problem domain through the prism of concepts, such as subjective personality control, personal qualities, and human self- perception. Upper form pupils have the ability to resist the negative influence of the social environment in varying degrees. This ability is reflected in personal qualities and localization of control over the events, which are significant to them.
I've got the power: Granting bureaucrats discretion

We compare the traditional system of bureaucratic oversight by complaints and investigations with a system of bureaucratic discretion in which bureaucrats are accorded the freedom to manage a budget or quota without external interference. We nd that more pro-social agents { ie, those most likely to overspend when managed by complaints and investigations { should be granted discretion to manage their own budgets. On the other hand, the less pro-social should be managed by oversight. We show that the limits of bureaucratic eciency highlighted by Prendergast (2003) can be exceeded by allowing certain bureaucrats more discretion. We show that it is possible to screen between bureaucrats of dierent levels of pro-social motivation, so that bureaucrats
Gastro-Oesophageal Cancer

Gastro-oesophageal cancer remains a devastating diagnosis for the patient and a challenge for the clinician. Although rare, they cause disproportionate mortality in comparison to more commonly encountered malignancies. Survival figures remain relatively poor, partially due to the fact that significant proportion of patients present with advanced disease. The incidence of gastro-oesophageal cancer has striking geographical variation as does the gold standard treatment. Here we explore the epidemiology, aetiology and clinical aspects of this group of cancers. Further, we explore the treatment practices in different parts of the world and assess their impact on survival.
Justification Not by Faith Alone: Clergy Generating Trust and Certainty by Revealing Thought

Abstract While our intuition is that religious elites influence the political behavior of their audiences, just how that influence takes place is essentially unknown. Among many possible mechanisms, we investigate a new one: the effects of the decision-making process information that is included in elite statements. We believe that “process cues” paralleling those preferred by respondents bolster trust in the source and augment the ability to form determined attitudes. We test this proposition in the context of a survey experiment that focuses on environmental racism. We present competing arguments provided by a reverend and a professor, variably assigning the arguments and presence of elite process cues. We find that process cues do affect trust and attitudinal ambivalence, but in ways that challenge some pervasive assumptions about the integrity and importance of religious groups in politics.
Sustainability of Enlarging EMU: Towards Endogeneity of OCA Criteria or Asymmetry of Shocks?

The EMU membership necessitates only the fulfillment of Maastricht Convergence Criteria and the 'Endogeneity of OCA criteria' hypothesis seems to be the silent code both behind its sustainability and enlargement. However, asymmetric shocks and the asymmetric transmission of the monetary policy of ECB may jeopardize the sustainability of EMU. The econometric analysis of co-integration of long term interest rates also puts forward the asymmetries of business cycles between EMU members, 7 years after its launch. In case of an asymmetric shock, the lack of flexibility of labor markets and the level of economic integration in some EMU members are prone to pose serious problems. In terms of real convergence, the GDP per capita of EMU members is diverging rather than converging. The dispersion of growth rates and the loss of competitiveness of some EMU members are also serious threats. The enlargement of EMU seems to further aggregate the problem as it will make the ECB 's one monetary policy harder to fit to an enlarged all. The new EMU members will face a dilemma between nominal and real convergence due to their catching-up process. The EMU candidates are considered as small open economies, the problems of which would not even be felt in EMU, but the prospect EMU members will surely suffer at home in case of such asymmetries. The endogenity of OCA criteria might still slowly progress but asymmetric shocks will not wait for them to realize during the coming two or more decades. Thus, the new EU member states have to evaluate their economies also in terms of OCA criteria and real convergence and should be more cautios in their rush to EMU. In the euro zone, precautions should be taken for possible asymmetric shocks in terms of a sufficient federal budget and a system for fiscal transfers. Keywords: EMU, Endogeneity of OCA criteria, Asymmetric Shocks, Real Convergence, Co-integration
The role of Compton heating in radiation-regulated accretion on to black holes

We investigate the role of Compton heating in radiation-regulated accretion on to black holes from a neutral dense medium using 1D radiation-hydrodynamic simulations. We focus on the relative effects of Compton-heating and photo-heating as a function of the spectral slope {\alpha}, assuming a power-law spectrum in the energy range of 13.6 eV--100 keV. While Compton heating is dominant only close to the black hole, it can reduce the accretion rate to 0.1 % ($l \propto \dot{m}^2$ model)--0.01 % ($l \propto \dot{m}$ model) of the Bondi accretion rate when the BH radiation is hard ({\alpha} ~ 1), where $l$ and $\dot{m}$ are the luminosity and accretion rate normalised by Eddington rates, respectively. The oscillatory behaviour otherwise typically seen in simulations with {\alpha} > 1, become suppressed when {\alpha} ~ 1 only for the $l \propto \dot{m}$ model. The relative importance of the Compton heating over photo-heating decreases and the oscillatory behaviour becomes stronger as the spectrum softens. When the spectrum is soft ({\alpha} > 1.5), photo-heating prevails regardless of models making the effect of Compton heating negligible. On the scale of the ionization front, where the gas supply into the Str\"omgren sphere from large scale is regulated, photo-heating dominates. Our simulations show consistent results with the advection-dominated accretion flow ($l \propto \dot{m}^2$) where the accretion is inefficient and the spectrum is hard ({\alpha} ~ 1).
RIGHTING OF CHINESE MITTEN CRABS (ERIOCHEIR SINENSIS) AND THEIR MODELS

The usage of unmanned underwater vehicles for marine tasks is continuously growing and bioinspired stabilizing systems shall help them to gain and keep a stable position during work. Therefore the righting maneuver of E. sinensis has been studied. These crabs are able to perform a 180°-rotation with an angular velocity of 4.30 s −1 when falling underwater from a supine starting position. High-speed particle image velocimetry has shown, that propulsive forces with a peak of 0.021 ± 0.001 N were produced by the hind legs to initiate and stop the rotation. In a numerical multibody simulation a constant force of 0.009 N acting for 0.2 s leads to the same rotation. In order to prove this mechanism, it was implemented into a robotic system. Its mean density of 1.15 g/cm 3 deviates not more than 4% from the biological and numerical models. It can complete a 180°-turn within 1.03 ± 0.12 s with a rotational velocity of up to 4.25 s −1 .
Multiple influences on corporate governance in sub-Saharan Africa : actors, strategies and implications

This paper examines the influences of three major actors – the international organisations, rating agencies, and indigenous African institutions - on the fledging corporate governance and accountability practice in Nigeria. Findings from this study suggest that corporate governance in Nigeria seems to be in a flux resulting from a degree of ‘confusion’ in the country’s corporate governance system with regards to ‘which corporate governance model’ to follow, due to the influential powers of these three actors, pulling the governance phenomenon in somewhat different directions. As a result, this paper adds to the debate on the diffusion and translation of governance practices across different institutional contexts, particularly drawing out inferences for the literature on the convergence of national systems of corporate governance.
Mucin-like proteins in Drosophila development

Mucins are large and highly glycosylated proteins and major component of the mucus that coats the lining of epithelial organs. Mucins are characterized by the presence of extended regions rich in the amino acids Proline, Threonine and Serine (PTS domain), where the Serines and Threonines are O-glycosylated to form sugar-rich mucin domains. Mucins are classified into secreted gel-forming mucins and transmembrane mucins with possible signaling functions. The amino acid sequence of the PTS domains tends to be poorly conserved between species and different mucins. The goal of this thesis was to identify and study potential mucin-like proteins in Drosophila melanogaster. We devised a simple bioinformatic approach and developed a program that can identify PTS domains based on amino acid content. We thereby identified 36 mucins and mucin-related proteins. All proteins appear to be secreted, except for two that harbor a predicted transmembrane domain. Expression analysis at different stages of the Drosophila life cycle revealed that many mucins are expressed in the larval gut, consistent with a function in mucosal barrier formation. Interestingly, some of the mucins showed dynamic expression in different tubular organs during embryogenesis. Among these was Mur96B/Tenectin (Tnc) that was further studied to dissect its role in epithelial organ development. We found that Tnc is critical for diameter expansion of the developing hindgut. Tnc forms a transient matrix that fills the hindgut lumen and drives expansion in a dose-dependent manner, presumably by generating a luminal pressure. This study revealed a new mechanism in organ development, whereby the extent of lumen volume expansion can be regulated by the accumulation of single glycoprotein. In parallel to the bioinformatic approach, we identified a Drosophila protein that shares conserved domains with human SUSD2 and the non-mucin parts of human MUC4, called Mesh. We aimed to analyze Mesh function as a means to address the roles of these domains. Mesh was found to be is expressed in the digestive tract epithelium from mid-embryogenesis and throughout larval and adult life, localizing to the apical junction belt. Mesh is required for correct organization of the Scribble-complex, a main polarity complex conserved between fly and mammals, to prevent excess expansion of apical cell surface and for microvilli organization. The results demonstrate that mucin-like proteins, containing the PTS domains or other mucin-related domains, are essential for epithelial organ development in Drosophila.
Model of a switching oxide trap in amorphous silicon dioxide

We present a model of a switching oxide trap in amorphous silicon dioxide on the basis of quantum chemical calculations on clusters of atoms. We show that the positively-charged defect center proposed in previous papers [Uchino et al., Phys. Rev. B 62, 2983 (2000); Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5522 (2001)] can capture an electron without accompanying complex atomic rearrangements, forming a metastable hole-electron pair that can in turn emit an electron. The present model also gives a reasonable account for the cathodoluminescence and thermally stimulated luminescence emissions at 445 nm from amorphous silicon dioxide.
Structure, dynamical impact and origin of magnetic fields in nearby galaxies in the SKA era

Magnetic fields are an important ingredient of the interstellar medium (ISM). Besides their importance for star formation, they govern the transport of cosmic rays, relevant to the launch and regulation of galactic outflows and winds, which in turn are pivotal in shaping the structure of halo magnetic fields. Mapping the small-scale structure of interstellar magnetic fields in many nearby galaxies is crucial to understand the interaction between gas and magnetic fields, in particular how gas flows are affected. Elucidation of the magnetic role in, e.g., triggering star formation, forming and stabilising spiral arms, driving outflows, gas heating by reconnection and magnetising the intergalactic medium has the potential to revolutionise our physical picture of the ISM and galaxy evolution in general. Radio polarisation observations in the very nearest galaxies at high frequencies (3 GHz) and with high spatial resolution (500) hold the key here. The galaxy survey with SKA1 that we propose will also be a major step to understand the galactic dynamo, which is important for models of galaxy evolution and for astrophysical magnetohydrodynamics in general. Field amplification by turbulent gas motions, which is crucial for efficient dynamo action, has been investigated so far only in simulations, while compelling evidence of turbulent fields from observations is still lacking.