Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plasma-assisted ignition and combustion: nanosecond discharges and development of kinetic mechanisms

This review covers the results obtained in the period 2006–2014 in the field of plasma-assisted combustion, and in particular the results on ignition and combustion triggered or sustained by pulsed nanosecond discharges in different geometries. Some benefits of pulsed high voltage discharges for kinetic study and for applications are demonstrated. The necessity of and the possibility of building a particular kinetic mechanism of plasma-assisted ignition and combustion are discussed. The most sensitive regions of parameters for plasma–combustion kinetic mechanisms are selected. A map of the pressure and temperature parameters (P–T diagram) is suggested, to unify the available data on ignition delay times, ignition lengths and densities of intermediate species reported by different authors.
Tripeptide Z–Aib–Aib–Hyp–OMe

The structure of the synthetic protected tripeptide methyl 1-{N-[N-(benzyl­oxy­carbonyl)-α-amino­isobutyryl]-α-am­ino­isobutyryl}-4-hydroxy­pyrrolidine-2-carboxyl­ate (Z–Aib–Aib–Hyp–OMe) ethanol solvate, C22H31N3O7.C2H6O, was determined by X-ray crystallography. The peptide backbone adopts a conformation, which lies in the right-handed helical region for Aib1, in the left-handed helical region for Aib2 and in the semi-extended region for Hyp3.
Brewing Organizational Responses to Institutional Logics

The concepts of collective identity and organizational identity constitute two parallel, often separate, research streams in organizational studies. This paper explores how the interplay between the two levels influences organizational responses to a perceived threat in the institutional environment. The analysis of a global brewer’s response to the issue of ‘alcohol-related harm’ suggests the presence of a first and second wave of interpretation. The first wave, guided by collective identity claims, helps to shield the organization from an industry-wide threat via shared industry actions. The second wave, entailing a shift towards organizational identity claims, enables organizational differentiation via the construction of an organizational response aligned with dominant organizational identity claims. This study contributes with an insight into the interplay between organizational and collective identities and illustrates that it may shift over time in response to the intensity of an external pressure and whether organizational members consider it a threat to the periphery or the core of the organizational identity.
Photoluminescence behavior of Al^3+, Pr^3+ doped perovskite La_2/3TiO_3 and pyrochlore La_2Ti_2O_7

The purpose of this study is to develop an understanding of the photoluminescence properties of Al^3+, Pr^3+ doped perovskite-type La_2/3TiO_3 and pyrochlore-type La_2Ti_2O_7 phosphor, which is characterized by the red emission (^1D_2 →^3H_4 transition) of the Pr^3+ ion. The explanation for the energy transfer and the corresponding critical distance is proposed on the basis of the role of Al^3+ ions in the perovskite-type La_2/3TiO_3:Pr phosphor. To clarify the distinction of photoluminescence properties between the perovskite-type La_2/3TiO_3 and the pyrochlore-type La_2Ti_2O_7, the trap-involved process and the charge transfer band have been investigated, respectively.
Surface‐Grafted Gel‐Brush/Metal Nanoparticle Hybrids

Polymer brushes are classically defined and are to date employed as assemblies of macromolecules tethered at one end to a surface. The concept of preparing surface‐grafted gels by crosslinking such brushes is attractive since it gives rise to new opportunities related to the constraints present in this type of structure. Aiming at the development of nanostructured films possessing precisely adjustable chemical, mechanical, and optical properties, the present article describes the preparation of novel grafted layers based on gel‐brush/metal nanoparticle hybrids. These films were synthesized by surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of hydroxyethyl methacrylate with a small percentage of a crosslinker. The swelling, morphological, and mechanical properties of the gel‐brushes are shown to be highly dependent on the relative amount of crosslinker used. The gel‐brushes are subsequently used as matrixes for the controlled synthesis of silver nanoparticles with overall characteristics that are specifically tunable as a function of the macromolecular structure of the brush template.
CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS, SENSORY PROPERTIES AND MINERAL CONTENT OF MEAT FROM BULLS AND STEERS

Thirty-three bulls and 22 steers were slaughtered and subsequent carcasses were evaluated for carcass characteristics. Longissimus muscle samples were analyzed for sensory properties and concentrations of Cu, Fe and Zn. Bulls produced carcasses with older maturity characteristics, larger ribeyes, less fat and produced longissimus steaks that were less tender and had more organo-leptically detectable connective tissue than steaks from steers. Zn concentration was significantly correlated to skeletal maturity, fat thickness, ribeye area, connective tissue and tenderness before adjusting for sex. After adjusting for sex, mineral content did not significantly correlate as well with many carcass or sensory properties as before adjusting for sex.
Theoretical and Computational Rheology for Discotic Nematic Liquid Crystals

This paper presents an analysis of the role of orientation on the rheology of discotic nematic liquid crystals. The shear rheological properties exhibited by flow-aligning discotic mesophases are calculated by using a complete generalized nonlinear second-order tensor Landau-de Gennes model that takes into account short-range order elasticity, long-range elasticity, and viscous effects. A unified expression for the extra stress tensor is given. The second-order tensor Landau-de Gennes model was reduced to the uniaxial Leslie-Ericksen to obtain limiting rheological material functions valid at low and high shear rates. Analytical results are able to predict the material functions computed by the full Landau-de Gennes model for nonhomogeneous flow-aligning discotic nematic liquid crystals. Experimentally reported changes in the sign of the first normal stress differences with shear rate are captured by the model. A new Carreau-Yasuda liquid crystal model has been used to characterize the shear rheology for characteristic boundary conditions, and a viscosity power law exponent of 0.5 and a normal stress coefficient power law exponent of 0.44 have been obtained.
Running title: Mg Prevents Isoproterenol-Induced Acute Cardiac Dysfunction

Abstract Sympathetic nervous activation is a crucial compensatory mechanism in heart failure. However, excess catecholamine may induce cardiac dysfunction and s-adrenergic desensitization. While magnesium is known to be a cardioprotective agent, its beneficial effects on acute cardiac dysfunction remain to be elucidated. We examined the effects of magnesium on left ventricular (LV) dysfunction induced by a large dose of isoproterenol (ISO) in dogs. Sixteen anesthetized dogs underwent a continuous infusion of ISO (1 Ag/kg/min) with or without a magnesium infusion (1 mg/kg/min). The dose-response to small doses of ISO (0.025-0.2 Ag/kg/min) was tested hourly. A large dose of ISO decreased LV systolic function, increased tau, and suppressed the dose-response to small doses of ISO in a time dependent manner. Magnesium significantly attenuated ISO-induced LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction, and preserved the dose-response to ISO. Serum ionized calcium significantly decreased with a large dose of ISO, but was fully maintained at baseline level with magnesium. A large dose of ISO increased serum lipid peroxide levels and serological markers of myocardial damage, which were significantly suppressed by magnesium. In conclusion, magnesium significantly attenuated excess ISO-induced acute cardiac dysfunction and s-adrenergic desensitization. (187
Block-Copolymer-Templated Ordered Mesoporous Silica: Array of Uniform Mesopores or Mesopore−Micropore Network?

Microporosity and connectivity of ordered mesopores of SBA-15 silica were studied using nitrogen adsorption and novel methods based on selective pore blocking via organosilane modification, and on the imaging of inverse platinum replica of ordered mesoporous structure. It was found that SBA-15 exhibits a relation between the pore size, pore volume and specific surface area which is significantly different from that for cylindrical or hexagonal pores, which suggests that the SBA-15 structure is more complex than an array of hexagonally ordered channels, even if they are corrugated. Nitrogen and argon adsorption measurements provided evidence that large mesopores are accompanied by a certain amount of significantly smaller pores (of the size below about 3.4 nm) with a broad distribution primarily in the micropore/small-mesopore range. The modification of SBA-15 via chemical bonding of small trimethylsilyl ligands partially blocked the complementary pores, and the bonding of larger octyldimethylsilyl groups .
Synthesis of boron doped polymeric carbon nitride solids and their use as metal-free catalysts for aliphatic C–H bond oxidation

Oxidation of hydrocarbons with clean oxidants is a crucial process for the development of products ranging from commodity chemicals to speciality pharmaceuticals. While selective oxidation is commonplace in nature and mainly occurs through a broad variety of cytochrome P450 enzymes, the synthetic catalysts that have been identified so far are relatively inactive with aliphatic C–H bonds. We present here a promising strategy for modifying polymeric graphitic carbon nitride by replacing the carbon atoms in the “melon” network using boron. 11B solid-state MAS NMR and XPS spectral studies confirmed the incorporation of the boron atoms in the polymeric g-C3N4 as well as the degree of doping, while X-ray diffraction and IR indicated that the characteristic structural properties of polymeric g-C3N4, such as the original graphitic structure, and the C–N heterocycle units were essentially retained. The boron-doped polymeric carbon nitride shows promising catalytic activity and high selectivity (≥87%) in the oxidation of benzylic aromatics. The use of this metal-free, organic, semiconducting polymer as an oxidation catalyst and H2O2 or O2 as oxidants makes the reactions interesting from both an economic and environmental point of view. It is also hoped that our findings will stimulate further investigation and will open new possibilities to form hybrid carbon nitride materials with new and probably exciting applications.
COMPARISON OF GREEN AND BLACK TEA ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY WITH LIPPIA CITRIODORA

Introduction and Aim: Tea, Camellia sinensis family Theaceae, is the second beverage consumed daily in the world for centuries.Lippia citriodora (Verbenaceae) is a medicinal plant that mostly used as a spice with different biological activity which grows in South America and North Africa and Southern Europe. The aim of recent study was managed to compare the antioxidant properties and phenolic contents of 2 commercial green and 4 black tea brands in Iran with Lippia. citriodora as a new beverage. Materials and Method: The samples (2 g) were infused in 1000 ml of boiling water in a flask for 30 Min. After extraction, the infusions were filtered through a filter paper No. 1.Total phenolic and flavonoids content was measured according to the Folinciocalteus and aluminum chloride methods . respectively. Total antioxidant activity were measured by2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical DPPH method . Statistics analysis between different groups was accomplished by analysis of variance using the ANOVA and followed by post hoc tests. Results: Green tea infusions and Lippia citriodora had the highest antioxidant activity (50.3-54%), total phenol (12-16 g % GAE) and flavonoids (8.5-9.8 mg Rutin %) contents . There was a positive correlation between antioxidant activity and total flavonoid content. Conclusion: Tea infusions and Lippia citriodora leaves extract were demonstrated potent of antioxidant activity and high level phenolic compounds. Lippia citriodora infusion with high flavonoid content and antioxidant activity has been comparable with Iranian commercial brands tea in Yasuj Iran.
Electroless deposition of Cu nanostructures on molecular patterns prepared by dip-pen nanolithography

Cu nanostructures deposited on the top of self-assembled molecular patterns prepared by Dip-pen Nanolithography (DPN) are investigated thoroughly in this study. 16-Mercaptohexadecanoic acid (MHA) molecular patterns are used as templates and CuSO4 is reduced by electroless deposition method. According to the SEM, EDS and AFM test results, it is found that the formation and the dimension of the Cu nanostructure array can be governed by reaction conditions and the size of molecular patterns. The non-specific growth of Cu can also be minimized in the present work. The method designed has demonstrated its capability in the synthesis of molecular junctions with high reproducibility. Distinct phenomena of underpotential deposition behaviors of Cu on polycrystalline gold substrates covered with self-assembled monolayers of 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid and octadecanethiol are also studied and discussed.
Modification of calcium carbonate surface properties: macroscopic and microscopic investigations

Understanding the wettability of mineral powders and its modification by the addition of various surface active agents is crucial for many industrial applications. In many cases, wettability is investigated by macroscopic characterization techniques. In this framework, we decided to study non-porous calcium carbonate powders coated by known amounts of water-repellent molecules. A detailed characterization of the interface, focusing on the analysis of surface heterogeneity, was carried out using water vapor, nitrogen, and argon adsorption. It clearly reveals specific adsorption sites for water-repellent molecules. Wettability and immersion enthalpy measurements show that saturation of the carbonate surface by water-repellent molecules is not necessary for obtaining maximum hydrophobicity. It is reached for approximately one-third of surface saturation; at that point, some high-energy surface sites are still available for water and nitrogen adsorption. This suggests that wettability is not only linked to th.
Multifactor Authentication Methods: A Framework For Their Selection And Comparison

There are various techniques for users to authenticate themselves in software applications. Only minimal effort is required for many kinds of the attacks. In this paper, for mitigating attacks we propose different countermeasures based on the analysis of the possible attacks on the security. For protection against the various authentication attacks on a web applications different ways and methods are proposed in this paper. For variety of different attacks various different mechanisms of authentication is provided. It is an Easy compromising authentication using the method of traditional password authentications. It is very easy to hack through with various different attacks and therefore is not advised or recommendable. we suggest that, to assess the loopholes or weakness the framework of the MFA security should also support a panel of penetration testing. To calculate the risks and danger's external audits are mostly done by the developers in present scenario so as to analyses these external audits and act accordingly for a better planning. The MFA system should work on improving and providing user a secure environment.
Band alignment and chemical bonding at the GaAs/Al2O3 interface: A hybrid functional study

The band alignment at the interface between GaAs and amorphous Al2O3 is studied through the use of hybrid functionals. For the oxide component, a disordered model is generated through density-functional molecular dynamics. The achieved structure shows good agreement with the experimental characterization. The potential line-up across the interface is obtained for two atomistic GaAs/Al2O3 interface models, which differ by the GaAs substrate termination. The calculated valence band offset amounts to 3.9 eV for an interface characterized by the occurrence of Ga–O bonds as dominant chemical bonding, favoring the high-energy side in the range of experimental values (2.6–3.8 eV). The effect of As antisite and As–As dimer defects on the band alignment is shown to be negligible.
Photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, and water relations in young sugar beet plants as affected by sulfur supply

Abstract The effect of different concentrations of sulfur (1 and 3 mM) and interruption of sulfur (S) supply for 25 days on the photosynthesis and leaf water relations in young sugar beet plants (Beta vulgaris L.) was studied in water culture, under greenhouse conditions. Interruption of S‐supply significantly reduced the content of sulfur, chlorophylls a+b and carotenoids, leaf area, density of stomatal and epidermal cells, transpiration rate and leaf water potential, while it increased the free proline content and stomatal diffusion resistance. An increase in S concentration in the nutrient medium from 1 to 3 mM did not significantly affect the tested parameters, except for an increase in leaf S content and a decrease of leaf water potential. Sulfur deficiency caused a pronounced decrease of the rate and quantum yield of photosynthetic oxygen evolution under non‐photorespiratory conditions. This was partly the result of the diminished photochemical efficiency of photosystem II reaction centers. Less efficient excitation of PSII reaction centers is most probably the consequence of higher thermal energy dissipation in the reaction centers of S‐starved plants. These data support that S nutrition is one of the factors regulating plant photosynthesis.
Low-temperature facile synthesis of graphene and graphene-carbon nanotubes hybrid on dielectric surfaces

Various carbon based nanostructures (graphene, graphene-CNTs hybrid and three-dimensional (3D) carbon network) have been grown separately on low-temperature (600 °C) substrates by using a chemical vapor deposition system with a two-heating reactor. The two-heating reactor is utilized to offer sufficient, well-proportioned floating C atoms and provide a simple method for low-temperature deposition. Morphology and electrical properties of the carbon based nanostructures can be controlled by the substrate surfaces. A relatively flat surface is beneficial for the synthesis of graphene and surfaces with nanodots are required to directly grow graphene-carbon nanotube hybrids. A chemical vapor deposition mechanism dependent on the temperature gradient is proposed, suggesting that the transfer-free carbon nanostructures can be deposited on different substrates. These results open an easy way for direct and high-efficiency deposition of various carbon nanostructures on the low-temperature dielectric substrates.
The Impact of Compositionally Induced Residual Stress on Electrochemical Shock in Battery Electrode Particles

Large inhomogeneous volume changes can induce severe mechanical stresses in Li-ion battery electrode particles under high charging/discharging rates, thus causing failure and capacity fading. Varying the material composition of the particle in a speciﬁed way can impose residual stresses that reduce the resultant stress levels. Here, we model a LiMn 2-x Ni x O 4 spherical cathode particle with a semicircular surface crack using ﬁnite elements method on the basis of linear elastic fracture mechanics. We also present the effect of residual stresses on the resultant diffusion induced stresses and fracture behavior of the particle
The effect of UV radiation on polybenzoxazine/epoxy/OG-POSS nanocomposites

Degradation against atomic oxygen (AO), ultra-violet (UV) and vacuum ultra-violet (VUV) radiation has to be controlled in order to maintain the longevity and performance of light weight and high strength nanocomposites used in space and nuclear applications. With this in mind, a new synthetic route has been used to develop a semi-organic precursor, [polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)] reinforced polybenzoxazine/epoxy (PBZ/EP) nanocomposites. PBZ/EP/POSS nanocomposites have been developed by reinforcing varying weight percentages of (0, 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 wt%) POSS into 1 : 1 (w/w) ratio of BZ and DGEBA epoxy (EP) matrix via thermal curing. The developed nanocomposites were tested under UV irradiation at the wavelength of 365 nm for a period of one week. The values of tensile strength and morphological behaviour before and after exposure to UV irradiation have been determined in order to assess their radiation resistant behaviour. It was ascertained that the data obtained from the value of tensile strength for 5 wt% POSS reinforced PBZ/EP has changed only to an insignificant extent when compared to that of before UV irradiation. From SEM and XPS analysis, it was observed that a passive inert silica protective layer has been formed after radiation, which protects the composite materials from further deterioration due to radiation. Data from thermal and dielectric studies indicate that the POSS incorporated system possesses better thermal and low dielectric properties than those of the neat PBZ/EP matrix.
Rates of elemental sulphur oxidation and associated oxygen and sulphur isotope fractionation

iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iv TABLE OF CONTENTS . v LIST OF FIGURES . viii LIST OF TABLES . x 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview . 1 1.2 Research Objectives . 2
Phase Diagrams of Silicon and Germanium to 200 kbar, 1000°C

The phase diagrams of Si and Ge have been investigated experimentally over a P, T range of about 200 kbar and 1000°C by observing electrical resistance behavior. For Si the boundary between the diamond cubic form and the metallic form extends from about 120 kbar at room temperature to about 150 kbar, 810°C, where melting occurs at the triple point. For Ge the corresponding boundary extends from about 115 kbar at room temperature to about 103 kbar, 600°C. A line drawn through the triple points for Sn, Ge, and Si, and extended, suggests that the diamond—metal—liquid triple point for carbon may be around 500 kbar, 2400°C. When the metallic forms are decompressed at room temperature they transform back to semiconducting forms different and more dense than the original diamond cubic forms. Upon heating these denser forms to a few hundred degrees at room pressure they transform to the usual diamond cubic forms. The absolute resistivity and temperature coefficient of resistance of metallic Ge has been determined.
Biosorption of Metal Ions from Aqueous Solutions

Abstract Copper biosorption from aqueous solutions by calcium alginate is reported in this paper. The experimental section includes potentiometric titrations of biosorbents, batch equilibrium and kinetic studies of copper biosorption, as well as fixed-bed biosorption experiments. The potentiometric titration results show that the surface charge increases with decreasing pH. The biosorption of copper strongly depends on solution pH; the metal ion binding increases from 0 to 90 percent in pH ranging from 1.5 to 5.0. In addition, a decrease in ionic strength results in an increase of copper ion removal. Kinetic studies indicate that mass transfer plays an important role in the biosorption rate. Furthermore, a fixed-bed biosorption experiment shows that calcium alginate has a significant capacity for copper ion removal. The two-pK Basic Stern model successfully represents the surface charge and equilibrium biosorption experimental data. The calculation results demonstrate that the copper removal may result fr.