Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of unsteady flow inside single-cylinder engine's intake and exhaust manifolds : Simulação numérica de escoamento transiente dentro dos coletores de admissão e exaustão de motor monocilíndrico

The flow characteristics inside intake and exhaust manifolds direct influence engine performance and a model capable of estimating its behavior becomes essential. Many numerical models have been used, from experimental based models to highly complex three dimensional models. However, the inviscid one-dimensional (1D) approach has shown to be a suitable approximation for the problem. There are many numerical methods of different levels of accuracy to approximate 1D unsteady compressible flow. Among them, the method of characteristics (MC), which has first order accuracy, was the first method to be applied to gas motion inside engine manifolds with reliable results. Another widely used method is the two step of LaxWendroff (LW2), which has second order accuracy on smooth regions of the flow and spurious solution in the presence of shock waves and contact surfaces. The literature indicates that both methods presented similar results regarding engine performance. For that reason, two different approaches for MC; the classical method (MC-Winterbone) and the modification made by Payri (MC-Payri), and LW2 were implemented and compared with each other in a tapered pipe simulation. In order to represent the manifolds properly, the most common boundary conditions encountered in gas exchange systems were implemented. These are open end, pipe junctions, poppet valve and throttle valve. The models were added to the Engine Simulator developed by the Laboratory for Biofuel Engines (LMB) in the University of Campinas and compared to works found in the literature and well-established software, OpenWAM and GT-Power. The results in a tapered pipe showed that MC-Payri improved the mass conservation and the quality of the estimated properties when compared to MC-Winterbone while LW2 presented consistent results against OpenWAM’s. All the boundaries were tested separately to isolate its effect on the flow. Pipe junction and poppet valve models presented results almost identical to OpenWAM’s while the throttle valve model under-predicted the pressure drop compared to experimental data for an incident pressure wave arriving at the boundary, although it captured fairly well its behavior. The LMB Engine Simulator was tested in a real engine simulation and the results showed a good qualitative agreement for power and torque, even though multiple simplifications were made to the geometry of the manifolds.
Space Densities and Emissivities of Active Galactic Nuclei at z > 4

The study of the space density of bright active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at z > 4 has been subject to extensive effort given its importance in the estimation of cosmological ionizing emissivity and growth of supermassive black holes. In this context we have recently derived high space densities of AGNs at z ∼ 4 and −25 < M1450 < −23 in the Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) field from a spectroscopically complete sample. In the present paper we attempt to extend the knowledge of the AGN space density at fainter magnitudes (−22.5 < M1450 < −18.5) in the 4 < z < 6.1 redshift interval by means of a multiwavelength sample of galaxies in the Cosmic Assembly Near-IR Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) GOODS-South, GOODS-North, and EGS fields. We use an updated criterion to extract faint AGNs from a population of near-IR (rest-frame UV) selected galaxies at photometric z > 4 showing X-ray detection in deep Chandra images available for the three CANDELS fields. We have collected a photometric sample of 32 AGN candidates in the selected redshift interval, six of which having spectroscopic redshifts. Including our COSMOS sample as well as other bright QSO samples allows a first guess on the shape of the UV luminosity function (LF) at z ∼ 4.5. The resulting emissivity and photoionization rate appear consistent with that derived from the photoionization level of the intergalactic medium at z ∼ 4.5. An extrapolation to z ∼ 5.6 suggests an important AGN contribution to the ionization of intergalactic medium if there are no significant changes in the shape of the UV LF.
Cold atoms for deterministic quantum computation with one qubit

In this thesis, I describe a proposal for experiments with dense ensembles of ultracold Rubidium atoms optically excited to highlying electronic states known as Rydberg states. The proposed experiment is designed to implement a model of quantum computation known as deterministic quantum computation with one qubit (DQC1). My proposal is novel among other proposals for Rydberg atoms because it employs mixed states and could provide insights into the source of the enhancements of quantum technology over classical technology. I demonstrate that ultracold atoms and Rydberg interactions offer new perspectives for exploring the DQC1 model. This is mainly due to the large strength, long range and controllability of Rydberg interactions. My specific contributions include: a proposal that solves one of the main issues with implementing quantum logic gates between ensembles of atoms; numerical simulations of the proposed cold atom implementation of a DQC1 protocol; and the design and laboratory implementation of a high-performance optical system for imaging ultracold atoms. These contributions bring the experimental exploration of the DQC1 model closer to realisation.
Fault estimation of linear discrete time-varying systems with multiplicative noise based on finite impulse response filter

This paper aims to construct a finite impulse response (FIR) based fault estimator for a class of linear discrete time-varying systems (LDTV) with multiplicative noise. Drawing support of intensive stochastic analyses and matrix manipulations, a novel performance index is proposed such that the fault estimation error is minimized in stochastic sense. A necessary and sufficient condition is established to guarantee the existence of the FIR-based fault estimator with satisfied estimation accuracy. The optimal gain of the desired fault estimator is calculated in an analytical way by minimizing the aforementioned performance index. Several examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed methods.
The second-degree gravity coefficients of Phobos from two Mars Express flybys

Several close spacecraft flybys of Phobos have been performed over the past 40 yr in order to determine the gravity field of this tiny Martian moon. In this work, the second-degree coefficients of the gravity field of Phobos were derived from the radio tracking data of two combined Mars Express flybys (2010 and 2013), by applying a least squares regularized inverse technique, that introduces as an a priori the gravity field retrieved from a shape model based on constant density hypothesis. A gravitational mass estimate of $(7.0765\pm 0.0075)\times 10^5 \, \mathrm{m^3\, s}^{-2}$ and second-degree gravity coefficients C20 = −0.1378 ± 0.0348 and C22 = 0.0166 ± 0.0153(3σ) were derived. The estimated C20 value, in contrast to the value of C20 computed from the shape model under the constant density assumption, supports an inhomogeneous distribution inside Phobos at a confidence interval of 95 per cent (1.96σ). This result indicates a denser mass in the equatorial region or lighter mass in polar areas.
Perspectives: Nurses' expanding role in developing safety culture: Quality and Safety Education for Nurses – competencies in action

Safety is a growing global phenomenon reaching crisis proportions. In spite of regulatory mandates, pressure from consumer groups, and organisational initiatives, a 10-year followup report card in the USA indicates little improvement is being made to alleviate preventable patient harm (Wachter, 2010). Increasing evidence indicates organisational leadership at the front lines of care is essential to achieve change; leadership commitment to creating a safety culture reinforces a safety mindset amongst all staff and helps develop behaviours necessary to achieve improvements. Safety is closely linked to attitudes and behaviour, and prevailing mindsets across the care team are integral to culture at both the unit and the organisational level. Still, attitudes and behaviours are difficult to change; new competency models can expand capacity for nurses to develop emotionally intelligent leaders who help lead organisational change in developing and supporting cultures of safety (Armstrong and Sherwood, 2012; Horton-Deutsch and Sherwood, 2008). This perspective examines leadership strategies for creating a culture of patient safety within a learning organisational structure and describes the six core quality and safety competencies from the Quality and Safety Education for Nurses project (Cronenwett et al., 2007) to prepare all staff with the knowledge, skills and attitudes that shape unit safety culture.
On Convex Duality in Linear Inverse Problems.

In this article we dwell into the class of so called ill posed Linear Inverse Problems (LIP) in machine learning, which has become almost a classic in recent times. The fundamental task in an LIP is to recover the entire signal / data from its relatively few random linear measurements. Such problems arise in variety of settings with applications ranging from medical image processing, recommender systems etc. We provide an exposition to the convex duality of the linear inverse problems, and obtain a novel and equivalent convex-concave min-max reformulation that gives rise to simple ascend-descent type algorithms to solve an LIP. Moreover, such a reformulation is crucial in developing methods to solve the dictionary learning problem with almost sure recovery constraints.
Ubicación óptima de sistemas de almacenamiento para maximizar la continuidad de servicio en una micro red

A medida que avanza la tecnologia, la generacion de energia electrica con recursos renovables, ha obtenido grandes beneficios en cuanto a calidad y confiabilidad llegando a ser mas economicamente viable y limpia con respecto a la generacion con combustibles fosiles por lo que es comun su crecimiento, permitiendo grandes aportes en micro redes no interconectadas a red, pero debido a la volatilidad del recurso, es necesario que su operacion vaya acompanada de sistemas de almacenamiento. El proposito de esta investigacion es maximizar los indicadores de confiabilidad ubicando de manera optima sistemas de almacenamiento en una micro red, ademas, con la ayuda del algoritmo de busqueda exhaustiva sujeto a restricciones de voltaje, perdidas y flujo maximo; esto reflejado en los indices de confiabilidad SAIDI y SAIFI. El algoritmo fue puesto a prueba en tres escenarios los cuales consideran perdida de generacion convencional con tres casos para cada uno con sistemas de almacenamiento de potencia discreta, en un sistema de 13 barras donde se varian parametros de generacion y carga con el fin de obtener un modelo mas real de una micro red.
Perkembangan Berpikir Probabilistik Siswa Sekolah Dasar

Berpikir probabilistik setiap orang berbeda, karena perbedaan budaya mengakibatkan perbedaan pengetahuan probabilistik, sedangkan pengetahun probabilistik mempengaruhi pemikiran probabilistik. Perbedaan berpikir probabilistik siswa berbeda-beda tergantung pada level berpikir probabilistik siswa. Di Indonesia pertumbuhan tingkat berpikir probabilistik siswa sekolah dasar sedikit mendapat perhatian oleh para peneliti. Hal ini karena materi probabilitas dikenalkan pertama kali di tingkat SMP kelas IX. Padahal mengembangkan berpikir probabilistik siswa di tingkat dasar sangat penting sebagai pondasi untuk mempelajari probabilitas di tingkat yang lebih tinggi. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pertumbuhan tingkat berpikir probabilistik siswa sekolah dasar dalam menyelesaikan tugas probabilitas standar dan tugas probabilitas eksperimen. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif eksploratif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa leki-laki berkemampuan tinggi dan rendah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Level berpikir probabilistik siswa sekolah dasar mengalami pertumbuhan setelah diberi tugas probabilitas eksperimen, terutama pada tugas ruang sampel dan probabilitas suatu kejadian. Hal ini karena eksperimen memberikan pengalaman langsung kepada siswa untuk memanipulasi bendabenda yang disediakan dalam menyelesaikan tugas probabilitas. Namun, pada tugas perbandingan probabilitas level berpikir probabilistik siswa tidak mengalami perubahan. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi masukan bagi guru untuk mengajarkan probabilitas di tingkat sekolah dasar dengan memberikan tugas perbandingan probabilitas sebagai langkah awal untuk menggali berpikir probabilistik siswa, terutama pada jenis tugas pemutaran spinner.
Formation mechanisms of local structures in language networks

The small-world property has recently been observed in several language networks generated in terms of word co-occurrence. However, a syntactic interpretation of this universal property has not yet been clarified. This study aims to reveal the formation mechanism of local structures involving small-world properties of co-occurrence language networks. We analyse local structures of language networks with directed edges generated from five different languages, where the directed edges provide word-order information. The results show that the following three syntactic properties play a leading role in the formation of the local structure of a language network: i) agglutination of words, ii) changes in the positions of words, and iii) basic word orders of languages. We further show that a common formation mechanism exists in local structures, even though the syntactic rules vary between the considered languages. These syntactic properties potentially drive the small-world property of language networks.
Collective Behavior of Heterogeneous Agents in Uncertain Cooperation–Competition Networks: A Nussbaum-Type Function Based Approach

The collective behavior problem is addressed in this article for heterogeneous multiagent systems in uncertain cooperation–competition networks. Here, the agents are described by second-order systems with different velocity damping terms, and the uncertainty of the network is characterized by two unknown nonzero parameters for each agent. Thus, the considered multiagent system can be employed to model the agent network with four kinds of relationships among agents: cooperative relationship and three different competitive relationships. To achieve the desired collective behaviors, a novel distributed Nussbaum-type adaptive controller is designed for each agent. With the help of Barbalat's lemma, it is proved that bipartite consensus can be asymptotically achieved, provided that the weighted network is structurally balanced and connected and that the velocity damping coefficients are chosen appropriately. It is further shown that distributed stabilization can also be asymptotically achieved for the case that the positive weighted subnetwork is connected and some suitable conditions are satisfied. Finally, two illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the derived analytical results.
A Clinical Study of Dexmedetomidine under Combined Spinal Epidural Anaesthesia at a Tertiary Care Hospital

Introduction: Sedation has been shown to increase patient satisfaction during regional anesthesia and may be considered as a means to increase the patient’s acceptance of regional anesthetic techniques. For surgery under regional anesthesia, sedation is a valuable tool to make it more convenient for the patient, the anesthetist, and the surgeon. This study focuses sedative property of Dexmedetomidine in regional anesthesia. Material and Method: This study was conducted in the Department of anaesthesiology, Banaras Hindu University. A randomized prospective study was conducted on 60ASA grade I and II patients of age 20 to 60 years undergoing elective gynaecological surgery. Dexmeditomidine was administered intravenously for sedation. Group A sedation was monitored by BIS and Group B by Ramsay sedation score (RSS). Results: The induction, maintenance and total dose of Dexmedetomidine in group A was significantly less than in group B (28.77±4.44 vs 35.43±6.90, 12.24±2.70 vs 18.57±4.74, and 41.01±5.97 vs 54.00±9.62 mcg p< 0.001). Recovery time was prolonged in group B in comparison to group A (37.87±3.35 vs 22.17±3.19 mins p<0.001). Vitals like heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure were significantly less than baseline in both groups. Respiratory rate and SPO2 did not change significantly from baseline in both groups. Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine provides effective sedation. Use of BIS during Dexmedetomidine infusion reduces the dose required for sedation.
Multibeam and Beam Scanning With Modulated Metasurfaces

Multibeam and beam-scanning capabilities of metasurface (MTS) antennas using multiple feeds are investigated. The MTS synthesis is performed by direct inversion of an electric field integral equation (EFIE) obtained after expanding the unknown equivalent impedance profile into Fourier-Bessel basis functions. Two approaches are explored. The first one assumes a priori a discrete azimuthal symmetry in the impedance profile, so as to constrain the solution to a subspace which automatically provides multiple beams when illuminated with feeds regularly arranged along azimuth. In the second approach, there are not a priori assumptions on the impedance profile, but the systems of equations corresponding to each beam are stacked and solved simultaneously in the least-squares sense. This second approach can also be used to obtain polarization diversity. More importantly, it also enables continuous beam scanning. The latter functionality is achieved through the generation of two embedded patterns in a common azimuthal window with opposite phase slopes, followed by a continuous phasing of the two feed points. Various designs are presented in this article. All the results are validated with the method of moments (MoM).
The Prevalence of Hypertension in Endodontic Clinics: A Pilot Study

Background: Hypertension is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and a major risk factor for heart diseases and strokes. A lot of undiagnosed or uncontrolled hypertensive patients seek dental treatment in regular basis. However, neither doctors nor patients are doing enough to fight and diagnose this silent killer disease. This study investigated the prevalence of undiagnosed or uncontrolled hypertensive patients who visited our endodontic clinic for dental treatment. Methods: 102 patients were included in this study. Patients were non-smokers and only presented a history of hypertension alone or a clear medical history. We measured blood pressure using a digital sphygmomanometer after patients had been seated in a dental chair for at least 10 minutes. We present the data as descriptive and percentage values. Results: A large fraction of patients (63.7%) were found to be hypertensive irrespective of their awareness of having hypertension. Nearly half (52.9%) of participants were unaware they had hypertension, and only 10.8% of patients knew they had hypertension. Only approximately half of the latter group of patients (4.9%) was already receiving medication for their hypertension. Conclusion: Our data reveals that dentists play a critical role in detecting undiagnosed patients with hypertension; this role should be emphasized in our specialty as a standard of care.
The Propagation of Flame Fronts through Inhomogeneously Magnetized Plasma

The effects of inhomogeneous magnetic fields on the propagation of magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) laminar flame fronts are investigated. This investigation is motivated by the occurrence of magnetized thermonuclear combustion in astrophysical systems. Magnetized thermonuclear burning occurs on the surfaces of neutron stars during Type I X-ray bursts, within the interiors of white dwarfs during SNe Ia, and during classical novae. Thermonuclear flames that propagate in these systems are expected to travel through inhomogeneous magnetic fields. We present the results of a series of 1.5-dimensional numerical simulations of magnetized flame propagation. A simplified flame model is used with one-step Arrhenius kinetics, an ideal gas equation of state, and constant thermal conductivity coefficients. Although idealized, the model allows for the opportunity to study the physics of the problem without the complexities of the nuclear kinetics of thermonuclear burning. We simulate the propagation of laminar flames through inhomogeneous magnetic media. A changing magnetic medium significantly alters the structure of the flame through the generation of an electric current. The electric current rotates the direction of the magnetic field within the flame and produces strong shear flows. Furthermore, for flames that conduct heat anisotropically and that propagate at an angle 0 < ψ ≲ π/2 to the magnetic field, the flame speed increases due to the nonuniform magnetic field. Naturally occurring flames in astrophysical systems may experience similar changes to their structure and speed that would influence the observational properties of these systems.
Direct numerical simulation of the flow inside devices for hydraulic plastics separation

Si analizza con una DNS e un Immersed Boundary Method, un dispositivo per la separazione delle plastiche. Sono state esaminate diverse configurazioni di geometria del dispositivo, e diverse densita delle particelle. Sui risultati sono state effettuate alcune analisi per determinare le caratteristiche intrinseche e il funzionamento del dispositivo. Particelle piu pesanti si sedimentano nelle diverse camere, mentre le piu leggere fluiscono via. Vi sono inoltre geometrie piu o meno efficienti.
THE PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF SCREEN TIME AMONG INTERMEDIATE SCHOOL STUDENTS IN MAKKAH AL-MOKARRAMAH, SAUDI ARABIA, 2019.A CROSSSECTIONAL STUDY.

Ebtihal Ahmad Alwadie. Family medicine resident in Security forces Hospital Family medicine Program in Al-Dammam , Saudi Arabia. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History Received: 08 July 2019 Final Accepted: 10 August 2019 Published: September 2019
Density estimation with contamination: minimax rates and theory of adaptation

: This paper studies density estimation under pointwise loss in the setting of contamination model. The goal is to estimate f ( x 0 ) at some x 0 ∈ R with i.i. d. contaminated observations: X 1 ,. ,X n ∼ (1 − (cid:2) ) f + (cid:2)g where g stands for a contamination distribution. We closely track the eﬀect of contamination by the following model index: contamination proportion (cid:2) , smoothness of the target density β 0 , smoothness of the contamination density β 1 , and the local level of contamination m such that g ( x 0 ) ≤ m . The local eﬀect of contamination is shown to depend intricately on the interplay of these parameters. In particular, under a minimax framework, the cost [ (cid:2) 2 (1 ∧ m ) 2 ] ∨ [ n − 2 β 1 2 β 1+1 (cid:2) 2 2 β 1+1 ] is shown to be the optimal cost for contamination compared with the usual minimax rate without contamination. The lower bound relies on a novel construction that involves perturbations of a density function at two diﬀer- ent resolutions. Such a construction may be of independent interest for the study of local eﬀect of contamination in other nonparametric estimation problems. We also study the setting without any assumption on the contamination distribution, and the minimax cost for contamination is shown to be (cid:2) 2 β 0 β 0+1 . Finally, the minimax cost for adaptation is established both for smooth contamination and arbitrary contamination. Under arbitrary contamination, we show that while adaptation to either contamination proportion or smoothness only costs a logarithmic factor, adaptation to both numbers is impossible.