Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Necessary and Unnecessary Distractor Avoidance Movements Affect User Behaviors in Crossing Operations

The “crossing time” to pass between objects in lassoing tasks is predicted by Fitts’ law. When an unwanted object, or obstacle, intrudes into the user’s path, users curve the stroke to avoid hitting that obstacle. We empirically show that, in the presence of an obstacle, modified Fitts models for pointing with obstacle avoidance can significantly improve the prediction accuracy of movement time compared with standard Fitts’ law. Yet, we also found that when an object is (only) close to the crossing path, i.e., a distractor, users still curve their stroke, even though the object does not intrude. We tested the effects of distractor proximity and length. While the crossing motion is modified by a nearby distractor, our results also identify that overall its effect on crossing times was small, and thus Fitts’ law can still be applied safely with distractors.
The Relative Role of Digital Complementary Assets and Regulation in Discontinuous Telemedicine Innovation in European Hospitals

ABSTRACT Telemedicine innovation is important for accelerating the digital transformation of the health care sector. However, telemedicine is a discontinuous digital innovation, and incumbent health care organizations are lagging in its adoption. We combine research on IT innovation adoption and discontinuous innovation to study the relative role of two drivers of discontinuous innovation adoption: digital complementary assets and the regulatory environment. Our findings from 1,753 acute care hospitals across 30 European countries suggest that digital complementary assets have a stronger effect on telemedicine innovation adoption than the regulatory framework. In addition, we observe application- and business model-specific differences. Overall, our findings add the role of organizational versus regulatory drivers of discontinuous innovation adoption to information systems research, emphasize the importance of digital complementary assets for the adoption of discontinuous innovation by incumbent organizations, and provide new insights into how the diffusion of telemedicine innovation can be accelerated.
The Nature of Rater Effects and Differences in Multilevel MTMM Latent Variable Models

ABSTRACT Measuring and understanding the nature of informant/rater effects and differences (Level 1) on a common trait when the target of measurement is at the organizational level (Level 2) involves a number of methodological considerations. Although previous research has discussed single-level latent variable applications of the correlated trait-correlated method minus one (CT-C(M-1)) model for multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) designs, only recently was the CT-C(M-1) model derived for multilevel data structures. The current paper examines research on the development of multilevel latent variable measurement models when both structurally different and interchangeable raters are involved in measuring Level 2 constructs. In so doing, we review and articulate often overlooked design and interpretive considerations unique to these models. We describe these elements within the context of a real-world multilevel CT-C(M-1) latent variable model that measures school climate for 294 public high schools using individual-level ratings from students (N = 58,018), teachers (N = 12,236), and health professionals (N = 742).
Patient prioritisation for hospital pharmacy services: current approaches in the UK

Objectives To survey and explore current approaches to deployment of pharmaceutical care prioritisation tools in acute hospitals in the UK. Methods A national online survey was circulated electronically to chief pharmacists of hospitals to determine if they use a prioritisation tool or process. Where such mechanisms exist, respondents were invited to participate in a semistructured telephone interview to explore the development, evaluation and application of their tool and share relevant documentation. Interviews were transcribed and thematically analysed. Results Seventy hospitals (70/130) used a tool or process to prioritise clinical pharmacy services. Thirty-six interviews were conducted, and two were excluded. The majority of tools had been developed in-house. Few hospitals had undertaken formal evaluations of their prioritisation tool. Pharmacy prioritisation tools ranged in complexity and often included a combination of pharmacy service prioritisation, such as medicines reconciliation, and a section to assign an individual patient prioritisation level. Determining the priority of a patient based on the identification of set indicators instilled confidence in pharmacists by ensuring they were not missing high-risk patients. Electronic prioritisation tools were especially useful at retrieving real-time data to prioritise workload, improving workflow and ensuring continuity in patient care. Drawbacks of using prioritisation tools included lack of tool sensitivity across certain specialties and time spent using the tool if not all information was accessible. Conclusions Prioritisation tools were seen to be useful for prioritising workload and ensuring the right patients are seen at the right time. As few hospitals had formally evaluated their tools, it is important to rigorously and systematically develop an evidence-based prioritisation tool that is both useable and acceptable. Further research to evaluate such tools would be needed to ensure it improves patient health outcomes and efficiency in pharmacy services.
Essentials of Crystallography

Crystal lattices Representation in two dimensions: the stereographic projection Crystal symmetry Internal structure of crystalline matter Interplanar and interzonal angles: some methods of calculation and transformation Diffraction of X-rays by crystals X-ray powder diffraction patterns Single crystal X-ray diffraction patterns Principles of structure determination Electron diffraction and microscopy Answers to problems.
Potential hemo-biological identi�cation markers to the left displaced abomasum in dairy cows

Background: Left displaced abomasum (LDA) occurs at high frequency in the early postpartum period and can affect production performance of dairy cows. Clinical diagnosis of LDA is usually done by abdominal auscultation and percussion. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential applicability of blood biomarkers for early warning and diagnosis of LDA in dairy cows. Results: Twenty early postpartum healthy cows and thirty early postpartum LDA cows of similar parity were used. A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) method was used to analyze the sensitivity of hematological biomarkers to LDA including energy balance metabolic biomarkers, liver/kidney function biomarkers, and minerals. A cut-off point was de�ned for each of the selected hematological biomarkers deemed sensitive markers of LDA. Compared with healthy cows, body condition score (BCS), dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production were lower in LDA cows. Among energy metabolism markers, serum non-esteried fatty acid (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), insulin (INS), and revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (RQUICKI) levels were lower while serum glucagon (GC) was greater in LDA cows. Among the liver/kidney function biomarkers, activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the ratio of AST/ALT and levels of total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), indirect bilirubin (IBIL), albumin (ALB), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and total protein (TP) were greater in LDA cows. Among minerals analyzed, serum Cl, Ca, and K were lower in LDA cows. After ROC analysis, it was determined that serum Ca, INS, RQUICKI, ALT, GGT, and creatinine are potential indicators for early warning and diagnosis of LDA for early postpartum dairy cows. Conclusions: Dairy cows with LDA were under severe negative energy balance (
COVID control strategy–-is there any light at the end of the tunnel?

Context: India has been witnessing a huge surge of COVID-19 cases, with increasing number of new cases and deaths daily. There is yet no effective vaccine, drug or strategy to combat this disease. Various models of COVID-19 trend and management have been put forward by different researchers, yet no prediction has yet turned out to be close to the reality. Aims: To find an effective public health strategy against COVID control. Settings and Design: Ahmedabad district in Gujarat. Methods and Material: Ahmedabad Model for control of COVID-19 based on Ct threshold has been put forth which stresses upon the fact that higher viral load (super-spreaders) could be an important determinant in spreading infections in the community. Results: The cycle threshold (Ct)-based segregation of laboratory-confirmed positive cases along with contact tracing of all of them of previous 5 days has been found to be effective strategy and needs to be adopted for further management. The Ahmedabad model of COVID-19 control was practiced during 3rd week of June 2020 onwards. Following implementation, cases started declining in Ahmedabad district whereas it showed an increasing trend in rest of Gujarat where it was not implemented. Conclusions: Cases with low viral load may be quarantined at home with standard precaution whereas cases with higher viral load need to be quarantined in institutions (hospital or separate premises away from family).
Collagen/heparan sulfate porous scaffolds loaded with neural stem cells improve neurological function in a rat model of traumatic brain injury

One reason for the poor therapeutic effects of stem cell transplantation in traumatic brain injury is that exogenous neural stem cells cannot effectively migrate to the local injury site, resulting in poor adhesion and proliferation of neural stem cells at the injured area. To enhance the targeted delivery of exogenous stem cells to the injury site, cell therapy combined with neural tissue engineering technology is expected to become a new strategy for treating traumatic brain injury. Collagen/heparan sulfate porous scaffolds, prepared using a freeze-drying method, have stable physical and chemical properties. These scaffolds also have good cell biocompatibility because of their high porosity, which is suitable for the proliferation and migration of neural stem cells. In the present study, collagen/heparan sulfate porous scaffolds loaded with neural stem cells were used to treat a rat model of traumatic brain injury, which was established using the controlled cortical impact method. At 2 months after the implantation of collagen/heparan sulfate porous scaffolds loaded with neural stem cells, there was significantly improved regeneration of neurons, nerve fibers, synapses, and myelin sheaths in the injured brain tissue. Furthermore, brain edema and cell apoptosis were significantly reduced, and rat motor and cognitive functions were markedly recovered. These findings suggest that the novel collagen/heparan sulfate porous scaffold loaded with neural stem cells can improve neurological function in a rat model of traumatic brain injury. This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, China (approval No. 2017-0007.2) on February 10, 2019.
Water quality, sanitation, and hygiene among the tribal community residing in Jawadhi hills, Tamilnadu: An observational study from Southern India

Objectives: To assess the water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practice among the tribal population of Tamil Nadu, India and to determine the physiochemical and bacteriological quality of drinking water at the principal source and at the households along with the household-level determinants of WASH practices. Methods: A door-to-door survey was conducted in 150 households, distributed across six villages of Jawadhi hills, a tribal area in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Water samples were collected from the principal sources and a subset of households for assessing water quality. A composite scoring was formulated to determine the overall WASH practices. Results: Overall, a poor WASH score (≤4) was found in 103 (68.7%; 95% CI: 60.7, 75.6) households. The majority (96.7%) of the household water samples showed the presence of fecal coliforms. Poor WASH score was uniformly distributed across the villages. Low per capita income (≤1000 INR) was strongly associated with the poor WASH score (Adjusted OR 2.4; 95% CI: 1.04, 5.7). The per capita income had a strong negative association with the high fecal coliform count (Adjusted OR 5.07; 95% CI: 1.08, 23.74). Conclusions: We conclude that WASH-related practices among the tribal population of Tamil Nadu is not acceptable. The lack of administrative function and poor economic conditions are the likely causes attributed to the poor WASH conditions and drinking water quality. Urgent action from the stakeholders is the need of the hour to improve the water quality and living standards of such marginalized populations.
Quality of life in paediatrics with intractable epilepsy in a large paediatric university hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Context: Epilepsy is said to be intractable when two or more trials of anticonvulsants fail to control the seizures. Literature suggests that intractable epilepsy carries a higher morbidity than controlled epilepsy in children and their caregivers. Aims: The aim of this study is to assess the quality of life (QOL) in children with intractable epilepsy (IE) in KASCH, a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Settings and Design: This is a cross-sectional study utilizing a self-administered questionnaire filled by caregivers of epileptic patients visiting the outpatient neurology clinics. Methods and Materials: The quality of life in childhood epilepsy (QOLCE-55) scale examined four domains of life: cognitive, emotional, social, and physical. The sample consisted of 59 parents whose children aged 4-14 of either sex. Statistical Analysis Used: The collected data were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Results: The mean age of children was 8.9 (SD = 2.9). The mean QOL was 52.8 (SD = 12.9), which reflected a poor QOL. Age was not related to the QOL. Gender was significantly associated with the total and social scores, (P = 0.04) (P = 0.001), respectively. Out of all comorbidities, global developmental delay (GDD) and encephalopathy were significantly associated with the QOL (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Intractable epilepsy impacted all functioning domains of life rendering a poor QOL. Males have reported better QOL and social functioning compared to females. Children with GDD and encephalopathy showed lower well-being.
Depression among adolescents in a rural community of north India: A cross-sectional study

Background: There is a paucity of literature on depression among adolescents in the north Indian community. Objectives: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of depression among adolescents residing in a rural community of north India, and to determine associated factors, psychiatric comorbidities, and functional impairment. Methods: A simple random sample of 630 adolescents aged 10-19 years was drawn. Participants were enrolled in house-to-house visits, and screened for depression using the nine-item version of Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Diagnostic confirmation and assessment of psychiatric comorbidities was done using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI Kid) for 10-17-year-old adolescents, and MINI for 18 year olds. Prevalence was reported with 95% confidence interval. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to determine the association of depression with socio-demographic and other factors. Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) was used to assess functional impairment. Results: The prevalence of depression was 3.7% (95% CI: 2.3–5.2) (n = 583), comparable in both sexes. Over half the participants with depression had psychiatric comorbidities; the most common were conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; nearly two-fifth had suicidal ideas/attempt. About two-third of participants with depression had functional impairment. Depression was associated with perceived frequent conflicts at home [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 4.0 (95% CI: 1.0-16.0), P = 0.049], and perceived stressful event (s) in past six months [aOR = 7.0 (95% CI: 2.4-20.3), P < 0.01], which were predominantly related to academics. Conclusion: Study results indicate the need to strengthen diagnostic and therapeutic/rehabilitative mental health services in adolescent age group. Low-stress lifestyle could be a promising approach to sidestep depressive symptoms.
The Effect of Virtual Reality Applications on Balance and Gait Speed in Individuals With Alzheimer Dementia

Objective: The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of virtual reality applications on balance and gait speed in individuals with Alzheimer dementia. Method: The study consisted of 32 individuals diagnosed as mild or moderate Alzheimer dementia by the neurologist. The balance, fall risks, and gait speed were assessed. The training group was trained with games selected from different categories such as balance and aerobic exercises with Nintendo Wii virtual reality device for 6 weeks, 1 session of 30 minutes, 2 times a week. Results: The values of the 5-time sit-to-stand test and gait speed scores resulted that the training group had significantly lower scores than the control group. Tinetti balance score was decreased in the control group and increased in the training group. Conclusion: It is appropriate to add virtual reality applications to routine rehabilitation programs in order to increase patient's balance and gait speed in people with dementia. Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT03928405
Cell transplantation to replace retinal ganglion cells faces challenges – the Switchboard Dilemma

The mammalian retina displays incomplete intrinsic regenerative capacities; therefore, retina degeneration is a major cause of irreversible blindness such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. These diseases lead to the loss of retinal cells and serious vision loss in the late stage. Stem cell transplantation is a great promising novel treatment for these incurable retinal degenerative diseases and represents an exciting area of regenerative neurotherapy. Several suitable stem cell sources for transplantation including human embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells and adult stem cells have been identified as promising target populations. However, the retina is an elegant neuronal complex composed of various types of cells with different functions. The replacement of these different types of cells by transplantation should be addressed separately. So far, retinal pigment epithelium transplantation has achieved the most advanced stage of clinical trials, while transplantation of retinal neurons such as retinal ganglion cells and photoreceptors has been mostly studied in pre-clinical animal models. In this review, we opine on the key problems that need to be addressed before stem cells transplantation, especially for replacing injured retinal ganglion cells, may be used practically for treatment. A key problem we have called the Switchboard Dilemma is a major block to have functional retinal ganglion cell replacement. We use the public switchboard telephone network as an example to illustrate different difficulties for replacing damaged components in the retina that allow for visual signaling. Retinal ganglion cell transplantation is confronted by significant hurdles, because retinal ganglion cells receive signals from different interneurons, integrate and send signals to the correct targets of the visual system, which functions similar to the switchboard in a telephone network – therefore the Switchboard Dilemma.
Designing Hybrid Intelligence based Recommendation Algorithms: An Experience through Machine Learning Metaphor

This article presents a summarization of the doctoral thesis which proposes efficient hybrid intelligent algorithms in recommendation systems. Development of effective recommendation algorithms for ensuring quality recommendation in timely manner is a tricky task. Moreover, traditional recommendation system is inadequate to cope up with the new technological trends. In order to overcome these issues, a batch of sophisticated recommendation systems has been discovered e.g. contextual recommendation, group recommendation, and social recommendation. The research work, investigates and analyzes new genres of recommenders using nature inspired algorithms, evolutionary algorithms, swarm intelligence algorithms, and machine learning techniques. The algorithms resolve some crucial problems of these recommenders. As a result, more precise personalized recommendation is ensured.
In vitro evaluation of a diet supplemented with Mn on nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation pattern in cattle.

An experiment was conducted in 3 male rumen fistulated cattle fed on rice straw and concentrate based total diet to study the effects of supplementation of Manganese (Mn) from inorganic source (manganese sulphate) on in vitro dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) & neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility (%) & in vitro ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) & total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production. These animals were offered total diet supplemented with 0 ppm Mn (T0) and 24 ppm Mn (T1) as per NRC, 2001 from inorganic source like manga- nese sulphate. After 21 days of feeding, rumen liquor samples were drawn at different time intervals (24 hour & 48 hour) to study the digestibility of DM, OM & NDF. For estimation of in vitro ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) & total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentration each sample were incubated for 2 hour, 4 hour, 12 hour, 24 hour & 48 hour interval. This study inferred that supplementation of Mn through feed can improve the digestibility and rumen fermentation pattern and there will be more utilization of nutrient (crude protein, ether extract, organic matter). Trace mineral like Mn at per NRC (2001) recommendation was found more effective for the purpose than without supplementation in a diet.
Production of chitosan scaffolds by lyophilization or electrospinning: which is better for peripheral nerve regeneration?

Both lyophilization and electrospinning are commonly used to make chitosan scaffolds. However, it remains unknown which method is better for cell growth. In this study, we established the following groups: (1) lyophilization group—chitosan scaffolds were prepared by lyophilization method and seeded with Schwann cells from Sprague-Dawley rats aged 3–5 days; (2) electrospinning group—chitosan scaffolds were prepared by electrospinning method and seeded with Schwann cells; (3) control group—Schwann cells were cultured on culture dishes. The growth of Schwann cells was evaluated by immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. Western blot assay was performed to explore the mechanism of Schwann cell growth. Both materials were non-toxic and suitable for the growth of Schwann cells. The pores produced by electrospinning were much smaller than those produced by lyophilization. The proliferation rate and adhesion rate of Schwann cells in the electrospinning group were higher than those in the lyophilization group. Schwann cells cultured on electrospinning scaffolds formed a Bungner band-like structure, and a much greater amount of brain-derived neurotrophic factor was secreted, which can promote the growth of neurons. Our findings show that the chitosan scaffold prepared by the electrospinning method has a nanofiber structure that provides an extracellular matrix that is more favorable for cell-cell interactions. The electrospinning method is more suitable for nerve regeneration than the lyophilization method. This research was approved by the Medical Ethical Committee of Dalian Medical University (approval No. AEE1-2016-045) on March 3, 2016.