Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fully automated gridding reconstruction for non-Cartesian x-space magnetic particle imaging

Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a fast emerging biomedical imaging modality that exploits the nonlinear response of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles to image their spatial distribution. Previously, various scanning trajectories were analyzed for the system function reconstruction (SFR) approach, providing important insight regarding their image quality performances. While Cartesian trajectories remain the most popular choice for x-space-based reconstruction, recent work suggests that non-Cartesian trajectories such as the Lissajous trajectory may prove beneficial for improving image quality. In this work, we propose a generalized reconstruction scheme for x-space MPI that can be used in conjunction with any scanning trajectory. The proposed technique automatically tunes the reconstruction parameters from the scanning trajectory, and does not induce any additional blurring. To demonstrate the proposed technique, we utilize five different trajectories with varying density levels. Comparison to alternative reconstruction methods show significant improvement in image quality achieved by the proposed technique. Among the tested trajectories, the Lissajous and bidirectional Cartesian trajectories prove more favorable for x-space MPI, and the resolution of the images from these two trajectories can further be improved via deblurring. The proposed fully automated gridding reconstruction can be utilized with these trajectories to improve the image quality in x-space MPI.
A 3D method for modelling the fluid-structure interaction of heart valves

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Transanal Minimally Invasive Surgery for Benign and Malignant Rectal Lesions: Operative and Oncological Outcomes of a Single Center Experience.

Background: Since introduced in 2010, the transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) has been gaining popularity worldwide for local excision of benign and early-stage malignant rectal lesions of the proximal and mid-rectum. The aim of this study was to review our experience with the procedure, including mid-term oncological outcomes. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study. The data collected include all patients who underwent TAMIS procedure in a single tertiary institute. Results: Forty TAMIS procedures were performed on 38 patients, 78% men and 22% women, with a median age of 67 years. The indications were 24 benign lesions, 14 adenocarcinoma, and 1 neuroendocrine tumor. The average lesion size was 43.2 mm and the average distance from the anal verge was 8 cm (range 5-12). We had no intraoperative complications and overall the 30-day morbidity rate was 20%, of which only one was major complication. No perioperative mortality was encountered. After a mean follow-up time of 26 months we had 3 cases of local recurrence (21.4%) of which 2 cases had high-risk features on the primary TAMIS pathology and refused our advice for completion proctectomy. Hence, they were both treated eventually with adjuvant radiotherapy. The distant recurrence rate was 14.2%. Conclusions: The TAMIS procedure is an acceptable option for local excision of rectal lesions for carefully selected patients. It has overt benefits of lower morbidity and easier recovery compared with radical surgery. When it is utilized for early-stage rectal cancers, high-risk pathological features should prompt a completion proctectomy.
The role of the nucleus accumbens in learned approach behavior diminishes with training

Nucleus accumbens dopamine plays a key role in reward‐directed approach. Past findings suggest that dopamine's role in the expression of learned behavior diminishes with extended training. However, little is known about the central substrates that mediate the shift to dopamine‐independent reward approach. In the present study, rats approached and inserted the head into a reward compartment in response to a cue signaling food delivery. On days 4 and 5 of 28‐trial‐per‐day sessions, D1 receptor antagonist R(+)‐7‐chloro‐8‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐3‐benzazepine hydrochloride (SCH23390) infused to the NAc core reduced the probability and speed of cued approach. The disruptive effect of D1 receptor blockade was specific to the nucleus accumbens core and not seen with drug infusions to nearby dopamine target regions. In rats that received drug infusions after extended training (days 10 or 11), accumbens core D1 receptor blockade produced little effect on the expression of the same behavior. These results could have been due to a continued accumbens mediation of cued approach even after the behavior had become independent of accumbens D1 receptors. However, accumbens core ionotropic glutamate receptor blockade disrupted cued approach during early but not late stages of training, similar to the effects of D1 antagonist infusions. The results suggest that with extended training, a nucleus accumbens D1‐dependent behavior becomes less dependent not only on nucleus accumbens D1 transmission but also on excitatory transmission in the nucleus accumbens. These findings fill an important gap in a growing literature on reorganization of striatal function over the course of training.
Boiling Licorice Produces Self-assembled Protein Nanoparticles: A Novel Source of Bioactive Nanomaterials.

As a popular ingredient for western and traditional Chinese medicine, the root and rhizome of Chinese licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) is often administered in the form of decoction. The protein nanoparticles (NPs) self-assembled during the process of decoction. A major constitutive protein (GLP) was purified and determined to have a molecular weight of 28kDa with N-terminal sequence of NPDGL IACYC GQYCW. Over 80% of the purified GLP self-assembled into spherical NPs with diameters of 74.1±0.7 nm and ζ-potential of -24.3±1.7 mV when it was boiled in Tris-HCl buffer (pH=7.9, 20 mM) at 100℃ for 60 min. Each nanoparticle was estimated by SEC-MALLS approach to be composed of approximately 23 protein molecules. The NPs and GLP showed low cellular toxicity upon four types of cells including MDCK, L-02, HepG2 and Caco2 cells, while the NPs promoted proliferation of normal hepatocytes by 67%. The NPs solubilized the insoluble astragaloside IV by encapsulation. Results suggest a great potential for GLP-NPs as a promising prototype of drug vehicle, a novel source of bioactive nanomaterials from herbal proteins, as well as a new mode of function with herbal components.
The Data Aggregation Privacy Protection Algorithm of Body Area Network Based on Data Partitioning

As a new network, the body area network is widely used in the field of health care, emergency rescue and so on. In the practical application, a large number of data collected by the body area network are closely related to user's personal privacy. However the body area network is an open environment. When transmitted in the network, the user's privacy data is vulnerable to the attacker's eavesdropping, tampering and other security threats. At the present stage, the research of the body area network mainly focuses on the system architecture and node energy consumption, the studies of security aspect of user privacy data is relatively few. This paper puts forward The data aggregation privacy protection algorithm of body area network based on data partitioning based on the above problem, this algorithm uses data partitioning strategy to deal with privacy data, and combines encryption theory to achieve security aggregation of user privacy data of the body area network security aggregation. The result not only improves effectively the privacy protection of the user data of body area network, but also reduces data redundancy and the traffic of the nodes.
Sprint mechanical variables in elite athletes: Are force-velocity profiles sport specific or individual?

Purpose The main aim of this investigation was to quantify differences in sprint mechanical variables across sports and within each sport. Secondary aims were to quantify sex differences and relationships among the variables. Methods In this cross-sectional study of elite athletes, 235 women (23 ± 5 y and 65 ± 7 kg) and 431 men (23 ± 4 y and 80 ± 12 kg) from 23 different sports (including 128 medalists from World Championships and/or Olympic Games) were tested in a 40-m sprint at the Norwegian Olympic Training Center between 1995 and 2018. These were pre-existing data from quarterly or semi-annual testing that the athletes performed for training purposes. Anthropometric and speed-time sprint data were used to calculate the theoretical maximal velocity, horizontal force, horizontal power, slope of the force-velocity relationship, maximal ratio of force, and index of force application technique. Results Substantial differences in mechanical profiles were observed across sports. Athletes in sports in which sprinting ability is an important predictor of success (e.g., athletics sprinting, jumping and bobsleigh) produced the highest values for most variables, whereas athletes in sports in which sprinting ability is not as important tended to produce substantially lower values. The sex differences ranged from small to large, depending on variable of interest. Although most of the variables were strongly associated with 10- and 40-m sprint time, considerable individual differences in sprint mechanical variables were observed among equally performing athletes. Conclusions Our data from a large sample of elite athletes tested under identical conditions provides a holistic picture of the force-velocity-power profile continuum in athletes. The data indicate that sprint mechanical variables are more individual than sport specific. The values presented in this study could be used by coaches to develop interventions that optimize the training stimulus to the individual athlete.
The Bible And The Future

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Sorting out the problem of inert knowledge: Category construction to promote spontaneous transfer.

A fundamental goal in the study of human cognition is to understand the transfer of knowledge. This goes hand-in-hand with the translational goal of promoting such transfer via instructional techniques. Despite a rich history of research using the analogical problem-solving paradigm, no study activity has been found to produce a robust rate of successful spontaneous transfer-even when the test is immediate. We propose the category status hypothesis as an explanation of the difficulty of transfer and as motivation for a novel approach to promoting transfer. We report a set of experiments evaluating a category construction technique based on a sorting task. In Experiment 1a, we found category construction to be significantly more effective than the "gold standard" of schema abstraction through comparison of 2 analogous cases. In Experiment 1b, we explored a variation of the category construction technique that did not reliably differ in effectiveness from comparison-based schema abstraction-we also verified that both study tasks were superior to a baseline task of separate summarization of 2 cases. In Experiment 2, we conducted a replication of the initial design with higher power and confirmed the significant advantage for category construction over schema abstraction via comparison. In Experiment 3, we compared category construction to an information-consistent reading comprehension control to evaluate competing interpretations of the category construction advantage found in Experiments 1 and 2. We discuss theoretical and applied implications of these findings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Tyrosine hydroxylase immunolabeling reveals the distribution of catecholaminergic neurons in the central nervous systems of the spiders Hogna lenta (Araneae: Lycosidae) and Phidippus regius (Araneae: Salticidae)

With over 48,000 species currently described, spiders (Arthropoda: Chelicerata: Araneae) comprise one of the most diverse groups of animals on our planet, and exhibit an equally wide array of fascinating behaviors. Studies of central nervous systems (CNSs) in spiders, however, are relatively sparse, and no reports have yet characterized catecholaminergic (dopamine [DA]‐ or norepinephrine‐synthesizing) neurons in any spider species. Because these neuromodulators are especially important for sensory and motor processing across animal taxa, we embarked on a study to identify catecholaminergic neurons in the CNS of the wolf spider Hogna lenta (Lycosidae) and the jumping spider Phidippus regius (Salticidae). These neurons were most effectively labeled with an antiserum raised against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate‐limiting enzyme in catecholamine synthesis. We found extensive catecholamine‐rich neuronal fibers in the first‐ and second‐order optic neuropils of the supraesophageal mass (brain), as well as in the arcuate body, a region of the brain thought to receive visual input and which may be involved in higher order sensorimotor integration. This structure likely shares evolutionary origins with the DA‐enriched central complex of the Mandibulata. In the subesophageal mass, we detected an extensive filigree of TH‐immunoreactive (TH‐ir) arborizations in the appendage neuromeres, as well as three prominent plurisegmental fiber tracts. A vast abundance of TH‐ir somata were located in the opisthosomal neuromeres, the largest of which appeared to project to the brain and decorate the appendage neuromeres. Our study underscores the important roles that the catecholamines likely play in modulating spider vision, higher order sensorimotor processing, and motor patterning.
Specific and quantitative detection of albumin in biological fluids by tetrazolate-functionalized water-soluble AIEgens.

The analysis of albumin has clinical significance in diagnostic tests and obvious value to researches on the albumin-mediated drug delivery and therapeutics. The present immunoassay, instrumental techniques, and colorimetric methods for albumin detection are either expensive, troublesome or insensitive. Herein, a class of water-soluble tetrazolate-functionalized derivatives with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics are introduced as novel fluorescent probes for albumin detection. They can be selectively lighted up by site-specific binding with albumin. The resulting albumin fluorescent assay exhibits a low detection limit (0.21 nM), high robustness in aqueous buffer ( pH = 6~9), and a broad tunable linear dynamic range (0.02~3000 mg/L) for quantification. The tetrazolate functionality endows the probes with a superior water solubility ( > 0.01 M) and a high binding affinity to albumin (KD = 0.25 µM). To explore the detection mechanism, three unique polar binding sites on albumin are computationally identified, where the multivalent tetrazolate-lysine interactions contribute to the tight binding and restriction of molecular motion of the AIE probes. The key role of lysine residues is verified by the detection of poly-L-lysine. Eventually, we applied the fluorogenic method to quantify urinary albumin in clinical samples and found it a feasible and practical strategy for albumin analysis in complex biological fluids.
Visual Social Media and Big Data. Interpreting Instagram Images Posted on Twitter

Abstract Social media such as Twitter and Instagram are fast, free, and multicast. These attributes make them particularly useful for crisis communication. However, the speed and volume also make them challenging to study. Historically, journalists controlled what/how images represented crises. Large volumes of social media can change the politics of representing disasters. However, methodologically, it is challenging to study visual social media data. Specifically, the process is usually labour-intensive, using human coding of images to discern themes and subjects. For this reason, Studies investigating social media during crises tend to examine text. In addition, application programming interfaces (APIs) for visual social media services such as Instagram and Snapchat are restrictive or even non-existent. Our work uses images posted by Instagram users on Twitter during Hurricane Sandy as a case study. This particular case is unique as it is perhaps the first US disaster where Instagram played a key role in how victims experienced Sandy. It is also the last major US disaster to take place before Instagram images were removed from Twitter feeds. Our sample consists of 11,964 Instagram images embedded into tweets during a twoweek timeline surrounding Hurricane Sandy. We found that the production and consumption of selfies, food/drink, pets, and humorous macro images highlight possible changes in the politics of representing disasters - a potential turn from top-down understandings of disasters to bottom-up, citizen informed views. Ultimately, we argue that image data produced during crises has potential value in helping us understand the social experience of disasters, but studying these types of data presents theoretical and methodological challenges.
Data Discovery Approaches for Vague Spatial Data

This chapter focuses on the application of the discovery of association rules in approaches vague spatial databases. The background of data mining and uncertainty representations using rough set and fuzzy set techniques is provided. The extensions of association rule extraction for uncertain data as represented by rough and fuzzy sets is described. Finally, an example of rule extraction for both types of uncertainty representations is given. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60960-551-3.ch014
A Dq Rotating Frame Controller for Single Phase Full-Bridge Inverters Used in Small Distributed Generation Systems

Today, small distributed power generation (DG) systems are becoming more common as the need for electric power increases. Small DG systems are usually built close to the end-user and they take advantage of using different energy sources such as wind and solar. A few examples are hybrid cars, solar houses, data centers, or hospitals in remote areas where providing clean, efficient and reliable electric power is critical to the loads. In such systems, the power is distributed from the source side to the load side via power electronic converters in the system. At low and medium power applications, the task is often left to single phase inverters where they are the only interface between sources connected to DC bus and loads connected to an AC bus. Much has been done for the control of single phase inverters in the past years; however, due to the requirements of stand alone systems and the time-varying nature of the converter, its controller design is still quite difficult, and especially so if its critical functionality within the system is taken into consideration. Part of the challenge is also due to the fact that the load is not known at all time, further complicating the controller design. This thesis proposes a different method of control for single phase inverters used in low and medium power DG systems. The new control method takes advantage of the well-known DQ transformation and analysis mostly employed for three phase converters’ analysis and control design. Providing a time-invariant model of single phase inverters is the main feature of DQ transformation. In addition to that, control design of the inverter in DQ frame becomes similar to those of DC-DC and three phase converters making it easier to achieve superior performance under different operation conditions while achieving a robust controller. The transformation requires at least two independent phases for each state variable in the system; thus a second phase must be created. This thesis proposes the creation of an imaginary circuit based on the real circuit of the inverter to provide the second required phase for transformation. The state variables of the imaginary circuit are obtained by differentiating the state variables of the main inviter’s circuit. The differentiation can be implemented in DSP so there is no need for additional hardware in the system, making it more attractive and cost effective method. The DQ controller not only provides superior transient response, it also provides zero steady-state error as well as low output voltage THD under nonlinear load operation. The entire controller can be implemented in a digital control board which is becoming more common in power electronics converters within the past decade. Analysis and design of a DQ controller for a 2.5kW single phase full-bridge inverter is presented in this study with the final results implemented in a FPGA/DSP based digital controller board. Arman Roshan Acknowledgments
Insights Following Implementation of an Exercise Intervention in Older Veterans with PTSD

Individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) face numerous barriers to exercise. Little is known about behavioral strategies to promote participation in this population. This is a secondary analysis of individual barriers and goals, exercise prescription characteristics, and patient perceptions of a 12-week, community-based, randomized controlled exercise trial targeting older adults with PTSD, (N = 45; mean age = 68; male = 91%). The most common cited goals for participating included weight loss (65%) and increasing strength (65%). Exercise mode varied among those who completed the program (n = 37), with 14 (38%) using exclusively treadmill; eight (22%) using only bike, and 15 (41%) utilizing a combination. Patient-reported exercise duration and intensity progressively increased over the 12 weeks, and duration differed by mode of exercise. We observed high rates of attendance (84%) and completion (88%) to the program. Patient-reported barriers to attendance most often included health problems (62%) and medical appointments (55%). Participant responses to a program evaluation revealed high levels of satisfaction, preferences for group-based programs, and insights about the acceptability of the exercise environment (physical and social). This study is the first to report on goals, barriers, exercise prescription needs, and individual responses to supervised exercise training in a unique population, that is, older veterans with PTSD. Results of this study can inform future health promotion programs targeting older veterans with PTSD.