Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The critical care work environment and nurse-reported health care-associated infections.

BACKGROUND Critically ill patients are susceptible to health care-associated infections because of their illnesses and the need for intravenous access and invasive monitoring. The critical care work environment may influence the likelihood of infection in these patients. OBJECTIVE To determine whether or not the critical care nurse work environment is predictive of nurse-reported health care-associated infections. METHODS A retrospective, cross-sectional design was used with linked nurse and hospital survey data. Nurses assessed the critical care work environment and provided the frequencies of ventilator-associated pneumonias, urinary tract infections, and infections associated with central catheters. Logistic regression models were used to determine if critical care work environments were predictive of nurse-reported frequent health care-associated infections, with controls for nurse and hospital characteristics. Results The final sample consisted of 3217 critical care nurses in 320 hospitals. Compared with nurses working in poor work environments, nurses working in better work environments were 36% to 41% less likely to report that health care-associated infections occurred frequently. CONCLUSION Health care-associated infections are less likely in favorable critical care work environments. These findings, based on the largest sample of critical care nurses to date, substantiate efforts to focus on the quality of the work environment as a way to minimize the frequency of health care-associated infections.
A quick moving target detection method based on real-time airborne videos

In this paper, a fast detection method of moving target from real-time airborne videos is presented. We first explore the motion relationship in an airborne video and utilise the global motion estimation to estimate the background movement, and then use binocular interpolation for motion compensation; thus, the moving target detection in dynamic airborne videos is converted into detection in static backgrounds. A method involving the multiplication of the differences of the symmetrical images among three adjacent frames is adopted to enhance moving target and increase the difference between the target and background noises. The regional growth and morphological image processing techniques are employed finally to realise target segmentation. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our algorithm.
Elimination of radiographic confirmation for small-bowel feeding tubes in critical care.

BACKGROUND A variety of techniques are used for placement of small-bowel feeding tubes. Standard practice at the study institution is for postpyloric placement using an electromagnetically guided placement device (EMPD). EMPD placement is performed by bedside nurses trained in the placement technique and may reduce radiograph exposures and time to initiation of enteral nutrition. OBJECTIVES To evaluate how changes in SBFT placement verification procedures in critical care patients-from use of EMPD with radiographic confirmation, to placement verification by using EMPD without radiographic confirmation-influenced successful placement, misinterpretations of locations, and radiographic verification of tube locations. METHODS The research was conducted at an 800-bed quaternary care referral hospital located in the Midwest. Nine-hundred four feeding tubes were placed in 632 critical care patients by using bedside EMPD instead of radiographic confirmation as the standard of care. Prospectively collected EMPD audit form data were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Small-bowel (duodenum or jejunum) placement was achieved by bedside nurses in 97.2% of all EMPD placements, with 2.8% placed in the stomach because gastric placement was ordered or small-bowel placement could not be achieved. Radiographic confirmation was required in only 7.7% of placements. No adverse events or pulmonary placements occurred. CONCLUSIONS Use of EMPD technology allowed clinicians to safely and effectively place feeding tubes at the bedside and eliminate radiographs in most cases. EMPD placement was not limited to specialized nurses or teams. This procedure should be easily reproducible in other critical care environments.
Caso clínico de educación médica paciente femenina adulta con insuficiencia cardíaca e hipertensión pulmonar causada por ductus persistente arterioso

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart disease caused by an abnormal communication between the proximal descending aorta to the pulmonary artery (Marcdante, 2011). Delayed closure of this is inversely related to gestational age (Ruiz, 2008). The incidence of this pathology increased significantly over the past two decades as the survival rate has increased in preterm (Doyle, 2014). It is evident that the incidence rate in the US is around 0.03 to 0.08% in the general population (Doyle, 2014), but evidence is 10% of cases in congenital heart disease (Brickener, 2000). The most common complications are congestive heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, aneurysm of the PDA, endarteritis (Schneider, 2006). There have been cases of PDA in adults who have not been corrected before, but are counted the number of cases. They may be asymptomatic in childhood and youth but over the years, signs and symptoms emerge, through these we can find all the clinical manifestations and this will guide us to run laboratory tests and then provide appropriate treatment to the patient. The case study of a patient with heart failure, pulmonary hypertension caused by the presence of a PDA, allows us to develop a diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Furthermore, this case study will be completed with an interactive presentation.
HEMATOLOGICAL REFERENCE VALUES FOR HEALTHY MALES IN THE CENTRAL PART OF IRAN

Background and Objectives: Laboratory reference values are an important tool for clinical management of patients. Reference values being used in most laboratories in Iran have been provided from the established reference values from developed countries. However, several variables can affect on these laboratory parameters. Therefore, this study was carried out to establish the reference values of hematological parameters in the blood donors of central province of Iran as a general population. Methods: Blood samples of 1100 male blood donors were collected consecutively from Blood Transfusion Organization. Complete blood cell (CBC) count in 2012 and differential was performed using an automated hematology analyzer. Results: The median and 95% reference values (2.5 th -97.5 th ) for Hb and platelet counts were 15.5 g/dl (14.1-17.7) and 209 ×10 9 cells/L (151-322) respectively. The median for total WBC count, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte and eosinophil were 6.7 ×10 9 cells/L (4.3-11.2), %58 (%50-%70), 40% (30-49%), 0% (0-2) and %1 (0-3%), respectively. Conclusion: The hematological profile of the population in central province of Iran was different from the reports of other countries and also the standards reference ranges described in textbook. So, further nationwide study should be carried out to establish the hematological reference values of the Iranian population as a whole.
Future Treatments for Parkinson's Disease: Surfing the PD Pipeline

ABSTRACT Our current wish list for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) includes therapies that will provide robust and sustained antiparkinsonian benefit through the day, ameliorate or prevent dyskinesia, and slow or prevent the progression of the disease. In this article, I review selected new therapies in clinical development for motor features or treatment complications of PD, and some that may slow disease progression. These include adenosine 2a (A2a) antagonists (istradefylline, preladenant, and SYN115), levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG), IPX066—an extended-release formulation of carbidopa/levodopa, XP21279—a sustained-release levodopa prodrug, ND0611—a carbidopa subcutaneous patch, safinamide—a mixed mechanism of action medication that may provide both MAO-B and glutamate inhibition, PMY50028—an oral neurotrophic factor inducer, antidyskinesia medications (AFQ056 and fipamezole), and gene therapies (AAV2-neurturin and glutamic acid decarboxylase gene transfer). Some of these therapies will never be proven efficacious and will not come to market while others may play a key role in the future treatment of PD.
Use of a 1-piece chlorhexidine gluconate transparent dressing on critically ill patients.

BACKGROUND New transparent dressings with chlorhexidine gluconate in the dressing are available. OBJECTIVES To compare the effectiveness of a new 1-piece occlusive dressing that incorporates chlorhexidine gluconate with that of a dressing plus a chlorhexidine gluconate patch in maintaining the low rate of catheter-related bloodstream infections in the intensive care unit and to evaluate nurses' satisfaction with and cost of the new dressing. METHODS A quality improvement observational study was done in an adult medical-surgical intensive care unit. All patients with a central venous catheter had initial and/or subsequent dressing changes done with the new dressing. The central catheter bundle elements of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement were followed. Patients were monitored for catheter-related bloodstream infections, and the rate of infection was calculated. RESULTS During the study period of 1881 device days, the infection rate was 0.051 per 1000 device days, compared with a rate of 0.052 in 2008. Nurses preferred the new dressing. Cost savings were $3807. CONCLUSION A low rate of catheter-related bloodstream infections can be maintained, nurses' satisfaction achieved, and cost savings realized with the new dressing.
Mobilising learning: intentional disruption - harnessing the potential of social software tools in higher education using wireless mobile devices

This paper introduces a research project that explores the integration of Web2 and wireless mobile devices (WMDs) in tertiary education. It discusses the results of the first mobile learning trial undertaken as part of the research. The paper argues that WMDs can be used to intentionally create disruptive learning environments that facilitate a social constructivist approach to teaching and learning.
Towards seamless vocabulary learning: how we can entwine in-class and outside-of-class learning

This paper proposes Seamless Mobile-Assisted Language Learning Support System (SMALL system), which aims to entwine in-class learning with out-of-class learning. Learners upload what they have learned out-of-class to the SMALL system and then it supports linking out-of-class vocabulary learning with in-class one. It also links students' self-learning with that of others. This linking function is significant because we need to encounter as many different contexts as possible to build up vocabulary. It also supports retaining vocabulary in long-term memory by giving quizzes. The evaluation of this system showed that the experimental group uploaded less words, but learned more words than the control group and that the entwining function showed statistically significant effectiveness when excluding two exceptional cases. The subjects predominantly used mobile devices during out-of-class learning, which supports what is generally believed that mobile devices are more fitting tools for vocabulary learning than PCs.
TRO19622 promotes myelin repair in a rat model of demyelination

Background/Aims: Multiple sclerosis is a neurodegenerative autoimmune disease characterized by diffuse oligodendrocyte injury, axonal loss and multifocal demyelination of myelin sheaths in the central nervous system. TRO19622 is a small cholesterol-like compound, which displays remarkable neuroprotective and neuroregenerative properties in neural cell culture and rodent models of nerve trauma. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the pharmacological action of TRO19622 on the demyelination/remyelination processes by using a rat model of cuprizone-induced demyelination. Methods: Using Female Sprague-Dawley rats models of demyelination, we morphologically and functionally assessed the effect of TRO19622 on myelination in vivo. Results: In this study, we first provided in vivo proof that cuprizone intoxication contributed to spatial learning and memory ability injury and that TRO19622 restored neurological function. The structure of myelin injury and repair in cuprizone intoxication rats was then measured by T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. These magnetic resonance imaging-based results and trends were confirmed by histological, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy analyses. Conclusions: The results clearly showed that TRO19622 promoted myelin formation with consequent functional improvement.
Effects of erythropoietin on STAT1 and STAT3 levels following cerebral ischemia–reperfusion in rats

Background and purpose: Cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury can activate signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT). STAT1 initiates neuronal apoptosis following cerebral ischemia–reperfusion, while STAT3 is neuroprotective. Erythropoietin (EPO) promotes regeneration through STAT3 and facilitates neuronal survival following ischemia. However, there are few reports on the effects of EPO on phosphorylated STAT1 (P-STAT1) level following cerebral ischemia–reperfusion in rats, and there is no evidence on the simultaneous observation of the four kinds of protein:STAT1, P-STAT1, STAT3, and P-STAT3. Methods: We established a rat focal cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury model, and used Western blot and immunohistochemical staining to assess the levels of STAT1 and STAT3 expression, and TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) was carried out to observe the number of apoptotic cells with or without EPO treatment. Results: Our findings show that EPO treatment had no significant effect on STAT1 and STAT3 expression, but P-STAT1 and P-STAT3 were slightly decreased and significantly increased, respectively, after EPO treatment. Neurologic deficits, the infarct volume, and the number of apoptotic cells were significantly decreased after EPO treatment. Conclusions: The results suggest that EPO exerts a neuroprotective effect by influencing STAT3 and STAT1 expression in the area injured by cerebral ischemia–reperfusion.
[The relationship between the optimistic bias about cancer and cancer preventive behavior of the Korean, Chinese, American, and Japanese adult residing in Korea].

PURPOSE This study was conducted to provide basic data for developing education and health promotion programs for the prevention of cancer by identifying the relation between optimistic bias about cancer and cancer preventive behavior in Korean, Chinese, American, and Japanese residents in Korea. METHODS Using a questionnaire administered by the researcher, data were collected from a convenience sample of 600, 19 to 64-yr-old male and female Korean, Chinese, American, and Japanese residents in Korea. Data was collected between February 6 and 28, 2009. RESULTS Scores for optimistic bias about cancer by nationality were: Koreans, -1.03; Chinese, -0.43; Americans, -0.23; and Japanese, 0.05. The cancer preventive behavior scores were: Koreans, 43.17; Chinese, 71.84; Americans, 71.71; and Japanese, 73.97. Optimistic bias about cancer and cancer preventive behavior showed a significantly positive correlation in all participants: Koreans (r=.223, p=.006); Chinese (r=.178, p=.029); Americans (r=.225, p=.006); and Japanese (r=.402, p<.001). CONCLUSION The greater the optimistic bias about cancer is, the lower the cancer preventive behavior. The findings suggest that nursing interventions are needed to reduce optimistic bias about cancer and to form a positive attitude towards cancer prevention because an optimistic bias about cancer adversely affects cancer preventive behavior.
Confidence intervals for the minimum of a function using extreme value statistics

Stochastic search algorithms are becoming an increasingly popular tool in the optimisation community. The random structure of these methods allows us to sample from the range of a function and to obtain estimates of its global minimum. However, a major advantage of stochastic search algorithms over deterministic algorithms, which is frequently unexplored, is that they also allow us to obtain interval estimates. In this paper, we put forward such advantage by providing guidance on how to combine stochastic search and optimisation methods with extreme value theory. To illustrate this approach we use several well-known objective functions. The obtained results are encouraging, suggesting that the interval estimates yield by this approach can be helpful for supplementing point estimates produced by other sophisticated optimisation methods.
Sitting occupations are an independent risk factor for Ischemic stroke in North Indian population

Stroke is a multi-factorial disease and is influenced by complex environmental interactions. The purpose of this case–control study was to determine the relationship of sitting occupations with ischemic stroke in the North Indian population. In a hospital-based case–control study, age- and sex-matched controls were recruited from the outpatient department and the neurology ward of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. Occupation along with other demographic and risk factor variables was measured in-person interview in standardized case record form. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratio associated with ischemic stroke. Two hundred and twenty-four people post-stroke and 224 control participants were recruited from the period of February 2009 to February 2012. Mean age of cases and controls was 53.47 ± 14 and 52.92 ± 13.4, respectively. The occupations which involve sitting at work were independently associated with the risk of ischemic stroke after adjustment for demographic and risk factor variables (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.12–3.8). The result of this study has shown an independent association between the sitting occupations and ischemic stroke in North Indian population. The present study supports the workplace health initiative to implement workplace physical activity policy and encourages employee to reduce the amount of time they spend sitting throughout the day.
Improved Domain Generation Algorithm To Detect Cyber-Attack With Deep Learning Techniques

Deep learning is a subfield of machine learning (ML) that focuses on the development of artificial intelligence. It is also often referred to by its acronym, DL (AI). This technique lays an emphasis on the use of big capacity, scalable models that are able to construct distributed representations depending on the input data set. This proposed illustrates the generalizability of these methods and the usage of them in a broad range of cyber security investigations that are peculiar to their environment. The neural network models have been continuously refined and extended during the whole of this research in order to achieve greater adaptability. The following is a list of the important contributions that this proposed makes, in order from most significant to least significant: Work is currently being done to create a comprehensive database for the identification of domain names that have been generated by a domain generation algorithm (DGA), as well as a one-of-a-kind architecture that will increase the overall effectiveness of DGA domain name detection. Both of these will help increase overall efficiency. The creation of a hybrid intrusion detection warning system that is founded on a deep neural network (DNN) and that has the capability to monitor network and host-level activities inside an Ethernet local area network (LAN) (LAN). The examination of information gathered from social media platforms, electronic mail (email), and uniform resource locators in order to design a unified, DL-based framework for the detection of spam and phishing (URL). The creation of a technique based on DL for the study of secure shell (SSH) traffic, the categorization of application network traffic, the classification of malicious traffic, and the detection of harmful traffic is being worked on. The name of the new framework that has been suggested, which is called ScaleMalNet, reflects how hybrid and scalable it is. In the first stage, the executables file is classified as malware or genuine by using static and dynamic analysis. In the second stage, the malicious executables _le are grouped into corresponding malware families. This is a two-step process. For the aim of conducting investigations into Android ransomware and malware, an analogous hybrid DL framework is now in the process of being developed. This framework is better in its capacity to detect dangerous software and ransomware on Android when compared to the typical ML-based techniques that are presently in use. These approaches are already in widespread usage. The development of a framework for DNS-based botnet detection and DL-based network intrusion detection is now being worked on in the context of the Internet of things (IoT) and smart cities
Regionalização dos serviços de saúde: desafios para o caso de Angola

This article presents the health situation in Angola from 2000 to 2007, discussing regionalization of the health system as an important instrument for improving access and the use of health services in the country, besides highlighting the conditions and challenges for implementation. The article is based on a literature review of: (a) Brazilian authors, considering that health reform is still under way in Brazil, with extensive academic output on this particular theme, (b) African authors or studies on Africa and international studies, considering the need to review regional and global experiences related to the subject, and (c) World Health Organization studies and guidelines on health decentralization and regionalization. The need for reform in the Angolan health system has been demonstrated by the enormous structural and operational deficiencies, leading in turn to low effectiveness and reliability. Regionalization was considered a key strategy for restructuring the health system. However, the evaluation of its impact will only be possible in the long term.
Nucleation of biomimetic hydroxyapatite

Introduction. The aim of the study was to assess the formation of biomimetic calcium hydroxyapatite (HAP) on the surface of different substrates. Material and Methods. Silica coated stainless steel tapes and thin polymer films (alginate, cellulose, poly lactide-co-glycolide - PLGA) deposited on hydroxyapatite scaffold were used as substrate. Supersaturated simulated body fluid (SBF) and SBF combined with Fetal Calf Serum (FCS) or Eagle’s Minimum Essential Medium (EMEM) were used as bioactive liquid medium where biomimetic nucleation of HAP occurred. Infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transformation was used to analyze the formed phases, while scanning electron microscopy indicated the morphology of nucleated phase. Results. The results of measuring the mass with volume adjustments done by the BET method showed that the thickness of the film of nucleated calcium hydroxyapatite depended on the time that samples spent soaked in SBF-in as well as the type of selected biomimetic medium. Conclusion. Biomimetic calcium hydroxyapatite is possible to produce by self nucleation on different substrates in the presence of simulating body fluid.