Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiplicadores de gasto en un modelo insumo-producto

Como resultado de la reciente crisis mundial, un analisis por paises parece sugerir que nos encontramos en un momento historico de gran expansion de la politica fiscal. “Alrededor del mundo, los paises han hecho frente a la crisis reduciendo impuestos y aumentando el gasto gubernamental. El grupo de economias del G20 ha introducido paquetes de estimulos que han promediado el 2% del PIB este ano y se estima que en el 2010 sera de 1.6%” (The Economist, 2009). Mucha de la discusion del efecto final del gasto gubernamental se ha basado tradicionalmente en la estimacion de impactos multiplicadores del llamado modelo de insumo-producto de Leontief. Sin embargo, el tamano real de los multiplicadores depende de una serie de supuestos especificos y de circunstancias que no necesariamente estan incorporadas en este tipo de modelos. En este contexto, el presente articulo intenta discutir los supuestos tipicos de un modelo insumo-producto, visto como un modelo de equilibrio general aplicado (MEGA), resaltando el tipo de supuestos que se requiere hacer. Ello permite visualizar con mayor claridad lo restrictivo o no de los supuestos implicitos en el modelo, a fin de interpretar los calculos con cautela. Es importante destacar que el impacto final de los multiplicadores depende de circunstancias diversas, como por ejemplo, el comportamiento de los consumidores frente a las decisiones de gasto y ahorro, el comportamiento de las tasas de interes, el comportamiento de los inversionistas, etcetera. Este tipo de aspectos no se discute en el articulo y nos concentramos solo en los supuestos especificos del modelo tradicional de insumo-producto.
[Economic value of ecosystem services in Mangcuo Lake drainage basin].

In this article, the economic value of ecosystem services in Mangcuo Lake drainage basin was estimated with the table of equivalent weight factor of economic value of ecosystem services of China, and the economic value of food production per hectare was supplied by cropland ecosystem and land-use situation in 1990 and 2000. The results showed that the economic value of ecosystem services in Mangcuo Lake drainage basin was 3.10 x 10(9) yuan.yr. -1 in 2000, and 3.05 x 10(9) yuan.yr. -1 in 1990, and the decreased quantity was 4.71 x 10(7) yuan.yr. -1. At the same time, the causes of the change of ecosystem services were discussed.
Mycobacterial Antigens Exacerbate Disease Manifestations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Infected Mice

ABSTRACT To control tuberculosis worldwide, the burden of adult pulmonary disease must be reduced. Although widely used, Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination given at birth does not protect against adult pulmonary disease. Therefore, postexposure vaccination of adults with mycobacterial antigens is being considered. We examined the effect of various mycobacterial antigens on mice with prior M. tuberculosis infection. Subcutaneous administration of live or heat-treated BCG with or without lipid adjuvants to infected mice induced increased antigen-specific T-cell proliferation but did not reduce the bacterial load in the lungs and caused larger lung granulomas. Similarly, additional mycobacterial antigen delivered directly to the lungs by aerosol infection with viable M. tuberculosis mixed with heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (1:1) also did not reduce the bacillary load but caused increased expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), which was associated with larger granulomas in the lungs. When M. tuberculosis-infected mice were treated with recombinant BCG that secreted cytokines shown to reduce disease in a preinfection vaccine model, the BCG secreting TNF-α, and to a lesser extent, IL-2 and gamma interferon (IFN-γ), caused a significant increase in granuloma size in the lungs. Moreover, treatment of M. tuberculosis-infected mice with recombinant murine TNF-α resulted in increased inflammation in the lungs and accelerated mortality without affecting the bacillary load. Taken together, these studies suggest that administration of mycobacterial antigens to mice with prior M. tuberculosis infection leads to immune activation that may exacerbate lung pathology via TNF-α-induced inflammation without reducing the bacillary load.
Searchers' relevance judgments and criteria in evaluating web pages in a learning style perspective

The paper presents the results of a case study of searcher's relevance criteria used for assessments of Web pages in a perspective of learning style. 15 test persons participated in the experiments based on two simulated work tasks that provided cover stories to trigger their information needs. Two learning styles were examined: Global and Sequential learners. The study applied eye-tracking for the observation of relevance hot spots on Web pages, learning style index analysis and post-search interviews to gain more in-depth information on relevance behavior. Findings reveal that with respect to use of graded relevance scores and number of relevance criteria applied per task and test person there are no significant difference between the different styles. Although there differences are detected in the use of relevance criteria between Global and Sequential learners during assessments, they are statistically insignificant. When interviewed in retrospective the resulting profiles tend to become even similar across learning styles but a shift occurs from instant assessments with content features of web pages replacing topicality judgments as predominant relevance criteria.
Defense mechanisms in Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes against Yersinia enterocolitica involve integrins and cytokines

Adhesion molecules and cytokines are involved in regulation of cellular host responses in infection processes. In this study the roles of the integrins Mac-1 and VLA-4, as well as those of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), in defense mechanisms against Yersinia enterocolitica in Peyer's patches (PP) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) were investigated by blocking these molecules with antibodies in vivo prior to orogastric Yersinia infection. Intestinal Yersinia infection caused abscesses composed of polymorphonuclear (Mac-1+ VLA-4+ Pgp-1+ ICAM-1-) and mononuclear (Mac-1+ VLA-4+ Pgp-1+ ICAM-inhibited phagocytosis of yersiniae by macrophages, (ii) reduced Yersinia-specific proliferation and IFN-gamma production of T cells from PP and MLN, and (iii) caused increased bacterial growth in PP and MLN followed by profound tissue destruction. Neutralization of TNF-alpha or IFN-gamma had comparable effects, suggesting that cell-mediated host responses including activated macrophages are required for control of yersiniae in intestinal tissues. The number of Mac-1+ cells in PP and MLN increased after yersinia infection, and recruitment of these cells was not blocked by administration of anticytokine or anti-integrin antibodies. While anti-VLA-4, -TNF-alpha, or -IFN-gamma antibody treatment caused an increased dissemination of yersiniae from PP to the spleen systemic dissemination was reduced by anti-Mac-1 antibodies. The results of this study suggest that the cytokines IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha as well as the integrins Mac-1 and VLA-4 are involved in protective cellular host defense mechanisms in PP and MLN against Y. enterocolitica, the latter probably being involved in both cell-cell and cell-pathogen interactions.
The Transition to a Market-Based Agricultural Economy in Malawi: A Multi-Market Analysis

This paper uses empirical data to develop a multi-market model for Malawi. The model is used to simulate the effects on production, consumption, real household income, and trade as a result of: changes in the world price of traded commodities, exogenous changes in the production level of important crops, increases in the efficiency of the domestic maize market, and a depreciation in the real exchange rate.
The Abundance of Met30p Limits SCFMet30p Complex Activity and Is Regulated by Methionine Availability

ABSTRACT Ubiquitin-mediated degradation plays a crucial role in many fundamental biological pathways, including the mediation of cellular responses to changes in environmental conditions. A family of ubiquitin ligase complexes, called SCF complexes, found throughout eukaryotes, is involved in a variety of biological pathways. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an SCF complex contains a common set of components, namely, Cdc53p, Skp1p, and Hrt1p. Substrate specificity is defined by a variable component called an F-box protein. The F- box is a ∼40-amino-acid motif that allows the F-box protein to bind Skp1p. Each SCF complex recognizes different substrates according to which F-box protein is associated with the complex. In yeasts, three SCF complexes have been demonstrated to associate with the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Cdc34p and have ubiquitin ligase activity. F-box proteins are not abundant and are unstable. As part of the SCFMet30p complex, the F-box protein Met30p represses methionine biosynthetic gene expression when availability ofl-methionine is high. Here we demonstrate that in vivo SCFMet30p complex activity can be regulated by the abundance of Met30p. Furthermore, we provide evidence that Met30p abundance is regulated by the availability of l-methionine. We propose that the cellular responses mediated by an SCF complex are directly regulated by environmental conditions through the control of F-box protein stability.
High-Pressure Adsorption Equilibria of Methane and Carbon Dioxide on Several Activated Carbons

High-pressure excess adsorption equilibria of methane and carbon dioxide on five microporous activated carbons were measured. Adsorption isotherms were obtained at temperatures ranging from (273 to 333) K and at pressures ranging from (0.5 to 6000) kPa using a static volumetric apparatus. The experimental data were analyzed using the Toth model and the Dubinin−Astakhov model. The isosteric enthalpies of adsorption and the limiting heat of adsorption for both adsorbates on all activated carbons were calculated using the Clausius−Clapeyron equations and the van't Hoff equations, respectively.
Dynamic mimicry in an Indo–Malayan octopus

During research dives in Indonesia (Sulawesi and Bali), we filmed a distinctive long-armed octopus, which is new to science. Diving over 24 h periods revealed that the ‘mimic octopus’ emerges during daylight hours to forage on sand substrates in full view of pelagic fish predators. We observed nine individuals of this species displaying a repertoire of postures and body patterns, several of which are clearly impersonations of venomous animals co-occurring in this habitat. This ‘dynamic mimicry’ avoids the genetic constraints that may limit the diversity of genetically polymorphic mimics but has the same effect of decreasing the frequency with which predators encounter particular mimics. Additionally, our observations suggest that the octopus makes decisions about the most appropriate form of mimicry to use, allowing it to enhance further the benefits of mimicking toxic models by employing mimicry according to the nature of perceived threats.
Reich und zufrieden

Die Annahme, dass Reichtum die Lebenszufriedenheit des Menschen erhoht und daher so-wohl individuell als auch gesamtgesellschaftlich erstrebenswert ist, stellt einen grundsatz-lichen Wesenszug und gleichzeitig die Legitimationsbasis des modernen Kapitalismus dar.Entsprechend zentral wurde ein moglicher Zusammenhang von Wohlstand und Gluck vonKlassikern wirtschaftssoziologischen Denkens, wie Marx (1891), Simmel (1900), Smith (1759)und Weber (1922), diskutiert. Wahrend sich empirische Methoden zur Prufung theoretischerZusammenhange seither deutlich verbesserten, verlor die wirtschaftssoziologische Forschungjedoch ihr Interesse an dieser grundsatzlichen Fragestellung. Entsprechend gering fallt derheutige Erkenntnisstand zur Relevanz materieller Lebensbedingungen fur das individuelleWohlbeﬁnden aus.Basierend auf alten Traditionen und neueren Entwicklungen untersucht dieser Beitragden Zusammenhang von Wohlstand und Lebenszufriedenheit aus soziologischer Perspektiveund stellt dabei theoretische Teilerklarungen und empirische Evidenz zu der komplexen Be-ziehung beider Grosen vor. Ausgangspunkt der Betrachtung ist das sog. Easterlin-Paradox(Easterlin 1974, 1995, 2001), wonach (1) zwischen Landern mit unterschiedlichem Wohl-standsniveau deutliche Diﬀerenzen in der mittleren Lebenszufriedenheit beobachtbar sind,(2) innerhalb von Landern individueller Wohlstand jedoch kaum mit Lebenszufriedenheitassoziiert ist und (3) reiche Lander mit zunehmendem Wohlstand keine Zugewinne mittlererLebenszufriedenheit erfahren.
Decorin Expression during Development of Bovine Skeletal Muscle and Its Role in Morphogenesis of the Intramuscular Connective Tissue

Decorin is a small leucine-rich proteoglycan suspected of playing an important role in tissue morphogenesis. However, its role in the development of skeletal muscle is less clear. In the present study, the expression and spatial distribution of decorin in developing skeletal muscle of bovine fetuses were investigated, in order to provide a background for understanding the function of decorin in morphogenesis of the intramuscular connective tissue that supports muscle fibres. Western blot analysis showed that decorin already existed in skeletal muscle by 2.5 months of fetal development, and that decorin had a longer glycosaminoglycan chain in the early fetal stages than in later development, but its core protein was of the same size. Decorin mRNA was expressed at 1 month of fetal development, although its level was relatively low. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated that decorin was located in the perimysium which consisted of collagen fibres, but not in the endomysium which was composed of collagen fibril networks in fetal skeletal muscle. The relatively integrated structure of the perimysium had already formed by 2.5 months of fetal development, when muscle fibres were not tightly assembled and the surrounding endomysium was not well organized. These results suggest that decorin contributes to the formation and stabilization of collagen fibres in the perimysium that support muscle fibres assembled with myogenesis.
Resilience to disasters: a paradigm shift from vulnerability to strength.

Brain tumours hitherto said to be rare in Africans are now known to be common. They cause considerable concern due to their relatively high morbidity, mortality and enormous cost of care, especially in the developing world. An understanding of the aetiology is particularly important in our region for planning strategies for effective prevention of brain tumours. This review endeavours to outline our current understanding of the aetiology of this disease.
Problèmes de Tournées de Véhicules avec Synchronisation et Optimisation Multicritère avec l'Intégrale de Choquet

Ce manuscrit presente un ensemble de contributions realisees depuis ma these, principalement a l’ecole des Mines de Nantes et au laboratoire IRCCyN. Ces travaux peuvent etre regroupes en trois problematiques. Une premiere partie concerne l’integration d’un modele multicritere base sur l’integrale de Choquet dans des algorithmes d’optimisation combinatoire. Je presenterai en premier lieu les motivations inherentes a cette integration. Les contributions portent d’une part sur la recherche de chemins Choquet–optimaux dans les graphes, qui a fait l’objet de la these de Hugo Fouchal, et d’autre part sur l’integration du modele dans une metaheuristique pour la resolution d’un probleme de transport de personnes. La seconde et principale partie de mon HDR propose une vue unifiee sur plusieurs contributions en tournees de vehicules avec synchronisation. Sous la denomination synchronisation sont regroupees les caracteristiques qui creent une interdependance entre tournees. Dans ce cadre, l’exploration de l’espace de recherche et la verification des contraintes temporelles offrent des sujets de recherche tout a fait interessants, a la croisee entre optimisation de tournees et ordonnancement. Ce chapitre presente la synthese de plusieurs travaux, fruits de trois theses (Renaud Masson, Philippe Grangier, Axel Grimault), dont deux sont toujours en cours, et de multiples collaborations. La derniere partie porte sur la conception de reseaux de transport. Je presenterai une synthese de travaux recents ou en cours qui abordent plusieurs problemes d’industriels avec, a chaque fois, deux caracteristiques relativement originales. En premier lieu le transport est sous-traite, ce qui induit des modeles de couts et des contraintes differents de ceux rencontres dans la litterature. Deuxiemement, nos travaux interviennent dans un contexte collaboratif : un ensemble de petites et moyennes entreprises se regroupent pour consolider leurs flux et reduire ainsi les couts de transport. Ces travaux font notamment l’objet de la these en cours de Juliette Medina.
Path-loss prediction based on FDTD method and normal mode theory for underwater acoustic channel

This paper proposes a new normal mode algorithm based on Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) scheme. The proposed method can efficiently predict the wideband path-loss of the underwater acoustic channel through only one simulation, while the conventional normal mode theory based on frequency-domain analysis should be repeated many times over wideband frequency points. To validate the proposed method, a 40% bandwidth at 20 Hz has been simulated using a Gaussian pulse excitation and compared with the known normal mode solution, the Kraken, and the ray theory solution, the Bellhop.
Toxicity of Al to Desulfovibrio desulfuricans

ABSTRACT The toxicity of Al to Desulfovibrio desulfuricans G20 was assessed over a period of 8 weeks in a modified lactate C medium buffered at four initial pHs (5.0, 6.5, 7.2, and 8.3) and treated with five levels of added Al (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, and 10 mM). At pH 5, cell population densities decreased significantly and any effect of Al was negligible compared to that of the pH. At pHs 6.5 and 7.2, the cell population densities increased by 30-fold during the first few days and then remained stable for soluble-Al concentrations of <5 × 10−5 M. In treatments having total-Al concentrations of ≥1 mM, soluble-Al concentrations exceeded 5 × 10−5 M and limited cell population growth substantially and proportionally. At pH 8.3, soluble-Al concentrations were below the 5 × 10−5 M toxicity threshold and cell population density increases of 20- to 40-fold were observed. An apparent cell population response to added Al at pH 8.3 was attributed to the presence of large, spirilloidal bacteria (accounting for as much as 80% of the cells at the 10 mM added Al level). Calculations of soluble-Al speciation for the pH 6.5 and 7.2 treatments that showed Al toxicity suggested the possible presence of the Al13O4(OH)24(H2O)127+ “tridecamer” cation and an inverse correlation of the tridecamer concentration and the cell population density. Analysis by 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, however, yielded no evidence of this species in freshly prepared samples or those taken 800 days after inoculation. Exclusion of the tridecamer species from the aqueous speciation calculations at pHs 6.5 and 7.2 yielded inverse correlations of the neutral Al(OH)3 and anionic Al(OH)4− monomeric species with cell population density, suggesting that one or both of these ions bear primary responsibility for the toxicity observed.
Residual Nitrate and Mineralizable Soil Nitrogen in Relation to Nitrogen Uptake by Irrigated Sugarbeets

Previously reported studies on N fertilization of sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris L.) in southern Idaho revealed considerable variation among sites in amounts of residual soil NO? and N mineralized during short-term laboratory incubations. Consequently, the amount of N fertilizer needed to achieve near-maximum yields of sucrose differed markedly. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of estimating amounts of N mineralized in the root zone during the season, taking into account site variations in temperature and soil water regimes. Residual soil NO? --N and mineralizable N to approximate rooting depth were estimated for 21 field sites in 1971 and six sites in 1972. The relative contributions of these two N sources to total N uptake by the crop, in the absence of applied fertilizer N, were then assessed. Estimates of N mineralized in the upper 45- cm soil layer for each successive month, ? N, over a 6- month period were derived using the expression, ? N/ ? t kWN (k = fraction of N mineralized during each month, ? t, adjusted for average air temperature; and W the estimated soil water content expressed as a fraction of the available water storage capacity). Resulting estimates of the fraction of potentially mineralizable N converted to (NO? - + NH? +)-N between 1 April and 30 September ranged from 0.15 to 0.22 (mean ± S.D. = 0.18 ± 0.02) in 1971 and 1972. On the average, mature sugarbeets recovered about 73% of the estimated N mineralized (6 months) plus residual NO? --N. The relative contributions of these two sources of soil derived N, respectively, were approximately 66 and 75%, as estimated from multiple regression analyses.
Amino Terminus and the First Four Membrane-spanning Segments of the Arabidopsis K Channel KAT1 Confer Inward-rectification Property of Plant-Animal Chimeric Channels (*)

The Arabidopsis hyperpolarization-activated (inward-rectifying) K channel KAT1 is structurally more similar to animal depolarization-activated (outward-rectifying) K channels than to animal hyperpolarization-activated K channels. To gain insight into the structural basis for the opposite voltage dependences of plant inward-rectifying and animal outward-rectifying K channels, we constructed recombinant chimeric channels between the hyperpolarization-activated K channel KAT1 and a Xenopus depolarization-activated K channel. We report here that two of the chimeric constructs, which contain the first third of the KAT1 sequence, including the first four membrane-spanning segments (S1-S4) and the linker sequence between the fourth and fifth membrane-spanning segments, express functional channels that retain activation by hyperpolarization, but not depolarization. These two chimeric channels are no longer selective for K. The chimeras are selective for cations over anions and are permeable to Ca. Therefore, unlike animal hyperpolarizationactivated K channels, in which the carboxyl terminus is important for inward rectification induced by Mg and polyamine block, the plant KAT1 channel has its major determinants for inward rectification in the amino-terminal region, which ends at the end of the S4-S5 linker.
Secure Communication in Millimeter Wave Relaying Networks

The use of relay can expand the coverage of millimeter-wave (mmWave) signals, whereas it may increase the risk of information leakage due to the additional link from source to relay. In this paper, we consider a secure communication in the mmWave randomize-and-forward relaying system with multiple spatially random eavesdroppers. By leveraging the tools from stochastic geometry, we investigate the reliability/rate performance with security consideration. The closed-form expressions of secure connectivity probability, secrecy outage probability, and the first-order integral expressions of average achievable secrecy rate for both non-colluding and colluding eavesdroppers cases are derived. The simulation results are presented to verify our derivations and show that the secure connectivity probability of relay transmission is larger than direct transmission when the relay locates in an oval-like area and its range is related to the antenna gains of source and relay. Furthermore, the secrecy outage probability and average achievable secrecy rate can also be improved when the relay is closed to the midpoint between the source and the destination.