Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Survival of F-Specific RNA Coliphage, Feline Calicivirus, and Escherichia coli in Water: a Comparative Study

ABSTRACT The relationship between the survival of enteric viral pathogens and their indicators (coliform bacteria and coliphages) is not well understood. We compared the survival rates of feline calicivirus (FCV), Escherichia coli, and a male-specific RNA coliphage MS2 at 4, 25, and 37°C for up to 28 days in dechlorinated water. The survival rates of E. coli and FCV, a surrogate of noroviruses (NV), had a high degree of correlation at 4 and 25°C, while MS2 phage survived significantly longer (P < 0.05) at these two temperatures. At 37°C, the survival rates for all three organisms were highly correlated. Decimal reduction values indicating the number of days needed for 90% reduction in titer (D values) decreased for all three organisms as storage temperatures increased. FCV had the shortest D value among all three organisms at all temperatures investigated. These findings indicate that F-specific RNA phages may be useful indicators of NV in the environment.
Mating interactions of Schistosoma haematobium and S. intercalatum with their hybrid offspring

Experiments were designed to study the mating behaviour between the Schistosoma haematobium [male ]×S. intercalatum [female] hybrid and the 2 parental species S. haematobium and S. intercalatum. Individual worms were identified by electrophoretic analysis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, which was characteristic for each isolate. Analysis of the data obtained showed that both heterospecific and homospecific pairs formed between the hybrids and S. haematobium and S. intercalatum. S. haematobium and the hybrid are better than S. intercalatum in forming pairs, and S. haematobium showed a greater homospecific mate preference compared with the hybrid. Analysis of the data using the Mantel-Haenszel test suggests that mating competition does exist between the schistosomes, with the hybrid being dominant over both the parental species and S. haematobium being dominant over S. intercalatum. The hybrid males showed a greater ability than S. intercalatum and S. haematobium males in taking away S. haematobium and S. intercalatum females from their homospecific males when introduced into a pre-established S. haematobium or S. intercalatum infection. They were able to take females from S. intercalatum homospecific pairs more easily compared with females from S. haematobium homospecific pairs. The significance of the results is discussed in relation to the epidemiological changes of schistosomiasis in Cameroon, where hybridization between S. haematobium and S. intercalatum has taken place, with S. haematobium and the hybrid managing to replace the endemic S. intercalatum over the last 30 years.
KINECT for Windows SDKプログラミング

第１章 Ｋｉｎｅｃｔの準備 第２章 Ｃｏｌｏｒ（ＲＧＢ） 第３章 Ｄｅｐｔｈ＆Ｐｌａｙｅｒ（深度と人物） 第４章 Ｓｋｅｌｅｔｏｎ（人物姿勢） 第５章 Ｓｐｅｅｃｈ Ｒｅｃｏｎｇｎｉｔｉｏｎ（音声認識） 第６章 「Ｆａｃｅ Ｔｒａｃｋｉｎｇ」で「顔」を検出・追跡 第７章 Ｋｉｎｅｃｔを利用したユーザーインターフェイス 第８章 「Ｋｉｎｅｃｔ ＳＤＫ」の新しい背景除去機能 第９章 Ｋｉｎｅｃｔ Ｆｕｓｉｏｎ（３次元形状を再構成）
An Outlook of the Use of Cryogenic Electric Machines Onboard Aircraft

The analysis was carried out for possible application of superconducting electric machines onboard of the aircraft. The following main trends for their use are uncovered. The first, i.e., an alternator with superconducting windings, is considered as a power supply for the onboard megawatt-class receivers. The second, i.e., a megawatt-class alternator, is considered as a power supply for superconducting electric drive of the aircraft engine propeller or fan. The third trend relates electric drives of kilowatt class with high-temperature superconducting bulk elements or foliate composites in the rotor. It is shown that the use of superconducting windings instead of resistive windings results in the reduction of specific mass of an electric machine. The peculiarities of using a gas turbine unit as a drive for powerful superconducting alternators and different methods of integration are considered. The trends are analyzed for decreasing the noise and concentration of harmful exhaust and the opportunity to make improvements by breaking “the turbine → reducer → propeller” chain and transition to the scheme “turbine → superconducting alternator → superconducting electric drive → propeller. ” It is shown that both types of electric machines with superconducting winding and on the base of superconducting bulk ceramic materials or foliate composites with high critical temperature of transition are appropriate.
The biphasic pattern of age-specific malignant brain tumor mortality rates

Article abstract Many aging-associated neurologic disorders, including primary malignant brain tumors (MBT), share a common biphasic age-specific mortality rate pattern: initially increasing exponentially with age, and then declining. A modeling study using MBT mortality was conducted to determine if the observed biphasic pattern of MBT age-specific mortality rates emerges if one assumes that there exists a population subset that is inherently susceptible to MBT, and that the risk of mortality from MBT in that susceptible population subset continues to increase exponentially with age. A hypothetical population was subjected to 1988 general mortality risks. A population subset susceptible to MBT was subjected to both exponentially increasing 1988 general and MBT mortality risks. Expected MBT age-specific mortality rates in the total population (both general and MBT susceptible subsets) were determined. Expected MBT age-specific mortality rates in the total population initially increase exponentially with age, and then decline. Moreover, when the size of the MBT-susceptible population subset was set at 1/125 of the size of the general population size, the modeled pattern of age-specific MBT mortality rates closely mimicked the observed pattern of age-specific MBT mortality rates. The observed biphasic pattern of age-specific MBT mortality rates can be explained by the existence of an MBT-susceptible population subset in whom the risk of MBT mortality increases exponentially with age and population subset depletion occurs.
BP 897, a selective dopamine D3 receptor ligand with therapeutic potential for the treatment of cocaine-addiction.

BP 897 is a potent (K(i) = 0.92 nM) dopamine D(3) receptor compound developed for the treatment of cocaine abuse and craving. BP 897 has a high selectivity for the dopamine D(3) versus D(2) receptors (70-fold) and a moderate affinity for 5-HT(1A) receptors, (K(i) = 84 nM), adrenergic-alpha(1) (K(i) = 60 nM) and -alpha(2) adrenoceptors (K(i) = 83 nM). BP 897 displays significant intrinsic activity at the human dopamine D(3) receptor by decreasing forskolin-stimulated cAMP levels and by stimulating mitogenesis of dopamine D(3)-expressing NG108-15 cells. Although these findings suggest that BP 897 is a partial agonist, recent studies in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells with expressed dopamine D(3) receptors demonstrated that BP 897 is devoid of any intrinsic activity but potently inhibits dopamine agonist effects (pIC(50) = 9.43 and 9.51) in agonist-induced acidification rate or increase of GTPgammaS binding, respectively. In addition, BP 897 inhibits in vivo (EC(50) = 1.1 mg/kg, i.v. ) agonist-induced decrease of firing rate of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. It has been clearly shown that BP 897, 1 mg/kg, i.p., reduces cocaine-seeking behavior in rats, without producing reinforcement on its own. In rhesus monkeys, BP 897 is not self-administered (up to 30 microg/kg, i.v.) but reduces cocaine self-administration. The potential usefulness of BP 897 in the treatment of drug-seeking behavior is further supported by its effects in drug conditioning models. Although BP 897 reduces L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated monkeys, it provokes a return of parkinsonian symptoms. At high doses BP 897 has been reported to produce catalepsy in rats. Pharmacokinetic and toxicological data have not yet been published. These interesting preclinical findings with BP 897 provide additional validation for dopamine D(3) receptor as a therapeutic target for the treatment of cocaine abuse and its associated central nervous system (CNS) disorders. BP 897 recently entered phase II clinical studies.
Extended spectrum β-lactamases, carbapenemases and mobile genetic elements responsible for antibiotics resistance in Gram-negative bacteria

Infectious diseases due to Gram-negative bacteria are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Antimicrobial agents represent one major therapeutic tools implicated to treat these infections. The misuse of antimicrobial agents has resulted in the emergence of resistant strains of Gram-negatives in particular Enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenters; they have an effect not only on a human but on the public health when bacteria use the resistance mechanisms to spread in the hospital environment and to the community outside the hospitals by means of mobile genetic elements. Gram-negative bacteria have become increasingly resistant to antimicrobial agents. They have developed several mechanisms by which they can withstand to antimicrobials, these mechanisms include the production of Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases, furthermore, Gram-negative bacteria are now capable of spreading such resistance between members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenters using mobile genetic elements as vehicles for such resistance mechanisms rendering antibiotics useless. Therefore, addressing the issue of mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance is considered one of most urgent priorities. This review will help to illustrate different resistance mechanisms; ESBLs, carbapenemases encoded by genes carried by mobile genetic elements, which are used by Gram-negative bacteria to escape antimicrobial effect.
Sorting of proteins into multivesicular bodies: ubiquitin‐dependent and ‐independent targeting

Yeast endosomes, like those in animal cells, invaginate their membranes to form internal vesicles. The resulting multivesicular bodies fuse with the vacuole, the lysosome equivalent, delivering the internal vesicles for degradation. We have partially purified internal vesicles and analysed their content. Besides the known component carboxypeptidase S (Cps1p), we identified a polyphosphatase (Phm5p), a presumptive haem oxygenase (Ylr205p/Hmx1p) and a protein of unknown function (Yjl151p/Sna3p). All are membrane proteins, and appear to be cargo molecules rather than part of the vesicle‐forming machinery. We show that both Phm5p and Cps1p are ubiquitylated, and that in a doa4 mutant, which has reduced levels of free ubiquitin, Cps1p, Phm5p and Hmx1p are mis‐sorted to the vacuolar membrane. Mutation of Lys 6 in the cytoplasmic tail of Phm5p disrupts its sorting, but sorting is restored, even in doa4 cells, by the biosynthetic addition of a single ubiquitin chain. In contrast, Sna3p enters internal vesicles in a ubiquitin‐independent manner. Thus, ubiquitin acts as a signal for the partitioning of some, but not all, membrane proteins into invaginating endosomal vesicles.
Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Three Types of Physiotherapy Used to Reduce Chronic Low Back Pain Disability: A Pragmatic Randomized Trial With Economic Evaluation

Study Design. Pragmatic, randomized, assessor blinded, clinical trial with economic analysis. Objective. To compare the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of three kinds of physiotherapy commonly used to reduce disability in chronic low back pain. Summary of Background Data. Physiotherapy reduces disability in chronic back pain, but there are several forms of physiotherapy and it is unclear which is most effective or cost effective. Methods. A total of 212 patients referred to physiotherapy with chronic low back pain were randomized to receive usual outpatient physiotherapy, spinal stabilization classes, or physiotherapist-led pain management classes. Primary outcome was Roland Disability Questionnaire score 18 months from baseline; secondary measures were pain, health-related quality of life, and time off work. Healthcare costs associated with low back pain and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were also measured. Results. A total of 71 participants were assigned to usual outpatient physiotherapy, 72 to spinal stabilization, and 69 to physiotherapist-led pain management. A total of 160 (75%) provided follow-up data at 18 months, showing similar improvements with all interventions: mean (95% confidence intervals) Roland Disability Questionnaire score improved from 11.1 (9.6–12.6) to 6.9 (5.3–8.4) with usual outpatient physiotherapy, 12.8 (11.4−14.2) to 6.8 (4.9–8.6) with spinal stabilization, and 11.5 (9.8–13.1) to 6.5 (4.5–8.6) following pain management classes. Pain, quality of life, and time off work also improved within all groups with no between-group differences. Mean (SD) healthcare costs and QALY gain were £474 (840) and 0.99 (0.27) for individual physiotherapy, £379 (1040) and 0.90 (0.37) for spinal stabilization, and £165 (202) and 1.00 (0.28) for pain management. Conclusions. For chronic low back pain, all three physiotherapy regimens improved disability and other relevant health outcomes, regardless of their content. Physiotherapist-led pain management classes offer a cost-effective alternative to usual outpatient physiotherapy and are associated with less healthcare use. A more widespread adoption of physiotherapist-led pain management could result in considerable cost savings for healthcare providers.
Entropic networks in colloidal, polymeric and amphiphilic systems

Self-assembly in soft-matter systems often results in the formation of locally cylindrical or chain-like structures. We review the theory of these systems whose large-scale structure and properties depend on whether the chains are finite, with end-caps or join to form junctions that result in networks. Physical examples discussed here include physical gels, wormlike micelles, dipolar fluids and microemulsions. In all these cases, the competition between end-caps and junctions results in an entropic phase separation into junction-rich and junction-poor phases, as recently observed by electron microscopy and seen in computer simulations. A simple model that accounts for these phenomena is reviewed. Extensions of these ideas can be applied to treat network formation and phase separation in a system of telechelic (hydrophobically tipped, hydrophilic) polymers and oil-in-water microemulsions, as observed in recent experiments.
On the classification of routing protocols in mobile ad-hoc networks

We present an overview of existing classifications of ad hoc routing and topology control protocols. Originally created to clarify protocols behaviors, separate classifications can be found for routing, topology control, broadcasting and location management protocols. In recent years, the term ”hybrid” began to be broadly used for algorithms that should be classified in more than one class. Therefore, those classifications became difficult to understand, and new protocols hard to classify. In this paper, we are proposing an original classification of broadcasting techniques, location management, topology control, and routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks. The proposed classification does not consider which classes a protocol belongs to but instead, from a node level point of view, in which order it applies different classes it belongs to. Finally, we discuss the benefits of our approach and provide examples of our classification applied to well known routing and topology control protocols.
Methodology for Building Extraction Templates for Russian Language in Knowledge-Based IE Systems

 Methodology for Building Extraction Templates for Russian Language in Knowledge-Based IE Systems. Valery Solovyev, Vladimir Ivanov, Rinat Gareev, Sergey Serebryakov, Natalia Vassilieva HP Laboratories HPL-2012-211 event extraction; dictionaries; rules; patterns; meaning-text model; Chomsky grammars In this technical report we describe methodology for building information extraction (IE) rules. Rules are usually developed by experts and are widely used in knowledge-based IE systems. They consist of two parts: the left-hand side (LHS) of a rule is a template that matches a certain syntactico-semantic structure (SSS) and the right-hand side is an action that is executed when LHS template is matched against a particular text fragment. In the report we describe the process of building a more complex LHS part (template). This methodology was used for developing the information extraction system that extracts business events from news articles written in Russian language. External Posting Date: October 6, 2012 [Fulltext] Approved for External Publication Internal Posting Date: October 6, 2012 [Fulltext] Copyright 2012 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Methodology for Building Extraction Templates for Russian Language in Knowledge-Based IE Systems Valery Solovyev Kazan Federal University Kazan, Russia maki.solovyev@mail.ru Vladimir Ivanov Kazan Federal University Kazan, Russia nomemm@gmail.com Rinat Gareev Kazan Federal University Kazan, Russia aldvinaldvin@gmail.com Sergey Serebryakov Hewlett-Packard Laboratories Saint-Petersburg, Russia sergey.serebryakov@hp.com Natalia Vassilieva Hewlett-Packard Laboratories Saint-Petersburg, Russia nvassilieva@hp.com
A brief history of the development of the KSOM family of media

Hammond (1949) using a physiologic saline solution supplemented with hen egg white and yolk observed that eight cell mouse embryos developed into blastocysts, whereas two-cell embryos typically arrested and did not undergo further development [1]. Whitten (1956) using modifi ed Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate as the physiologic saline supplemented with glucose, penicillin G, streptomycin and egg white confi rmed good development of eight-cell embryos into blastocysts [2]. Later, egg white was replaced by bovine serum albumin (BSA). In 1958, McLaren and Biggers showed that mouse blastocysts produced by Whitten ’ s technique developed into normal adults following transfer to the uteri of surrogate females [3]. The results were unequivocal since genetic markers were used to distinguish mice derived from cultured embryos of one strain and transferring then into surrogates of a different strain. These pioneering studies paved the way for the experimental manipulation of the mammalian preimplantation embryo in vitro. However, the early days of preimplantation mouse embryo culture were complicated by the two cell block to development (reviews [4,5]). Several unrelated ways were subsequently developed to overcome the two-cell block to development and led to the view that the media being used were not optimal. The concentrations of the compounds targeted for inclusion in a chemically-defi ned medium is a very complicated matter. One approach uses the ‘ back to nature ’ principle [6]. Such an approach appears intuitively attractive since the concentrations used would be similar to those found in the female reproductive tract. There are however drawbacks with this approach (reviews [7,8]). Importantly, the approach will fail to detect any interactions between other compounds in the medium. An alternative approach is to determine experimentally optimized concentrations. The subject was treated theoretically by Biggers et al. (1957 [9]). The second approach has been called the ‘ let the embryo choose ’ principle.
An experimental comparison of super-resolution reconstruction for image sequences

Super-resolution reconstruction for image sequences is a promising image processing technology that using complementary information among a set of images to reconstruct a high-resolution image. Several super-resolution reconstruction algorithms have been studied in the literature to reconstruct a high-resolution image. In this paper, first, after presenting a condensed introduction of image registration algorithms including Lucchese algorithm, Vandewalle algorithm and Keren algorithm, we experimentally compare the relative merits of these registration algorithms in terms of registration accuracy and noise reduction. Secondly, we experimentally compare four image reconstruction methods: projection onto convex sets method (POCS), iterative back-projection method (IBP), robust super resolution (Robust SR) and structure-adaptive normalized convolution (Structure-Adaptive NC), mainly in terms of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), in which salt and pepper noise is added in the low resolution image. It is clearly demonstrated that the combination of Keren algorithm and Structure-Adaptive NC can achieve the best performance regarding the Lena image.
Data from men in greater Seattle area reveals no downward trend in semen quality: further evidence that deterioration of semen quality is not geographically uniform.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether there has been a decline in semen quality in a group of healthy men during the past 21 years. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of the relationship between time and changes in semen parameters over 21 years using regression analysis. SETTING A tertiary university center. PATIENTS Five hundred ten healthy, normal men who donated multiple semen samples as participants in clinical studies between 1972 and 1993. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Sperm concentration, semen volume, total numbers of sperm per ejaculate, and percent spermatozoa with normal morphology. RESULTS There was no decrease in sperm concentration, semen volume, total number of sperm per ejaculate, and percent normal sperm morphology in 510 healthy men studied between 1972 and 1993. CONCLUSION We conclude that in this population of healthy young men there has not been any decline in semen quality in the past 21 years.
Performance study of Successive Cancellation Polar decoder Architecture for wireless communication

The current technology move towards 5G wireless standards which needs the requirement of higher data rates, low latency than the existing 4G standards. This leads to the requirement of capacity achieving channel code than the existing turbo codes/LDPC codes. Polar codes have emerged as the first provable capacity achieving error correcting codes. But inefficiency in the hardware performance of polar decoder has become the serious challenges that affect the practical usage of polar codes. This paper compares the performance of various SC decoder architecture for polar codes in terms of hardware utilized and path delay. It is studied that by decoding two bits simultaneously using 2b-SC decoder, latency can be reduced from (2n-2) to (1.5n-2) clock cycles without any degradation in performance.
Optimum simultaneous clearing of energy and spinning reserve markets using cost/benefit analysis

Considering the high level of interactions between energy and reserve markets, simultaneous clearing of these markets has been shown to provide more efficient solutions, than a sequential market clearing process. In addition, determining reserve requirements based on probabilistic approaches results in more economical efficiency, while maintaining an acceptable level of reliability, compared to deterministic approaches. This paper proposes a new method for clearing energy and spinning reserve markets simultaneously, while at the same time, spinning reserve requirements are determined based on a cost/benefit analysis as a probabilistic-based approach. This cost/benefit analysis considers both the costs of providing extra reliability and the benefits of fewer customer interruptions to the society. Case studies for modified IEEE reliability test system demonstrate the usefulness and efficiency of the proposed method.