Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic attending and responses to time.

A temporally based theory of attending is proposed that assumes that the structure of world events affords different attending modes. Future-oriented attending supports anticipatory behaviors and occurs with highly coherent temporal events. Time judgments, given this attending mode, axe influenced by the way an event's ending confirms or violates temporal expectancies. Analytic attending supports other activities (e.g., grouping, counting), and if it occurs with events of low temporal coherence, then time judgments depend on the attending levels involved. A weighted contrast model describes over- and underestimations of event durations. The model applies to comparative duration judgments of equal and unequal time intervals; its rationale extends to temporal productions/extrapolations. Two experiments compare predictions of the contrast model with those derived from other traditional approaches. One characteristic of modern society is a preoccupation with fixed time schedules and standardized timekeepers. We maintain appointments at hourly intervals, rush to meet the 5:00 p.m. bus, and dine at predetermined hours. Yet our natural ability to judge time remains poorly understood. How often do we estimate the time elapsed since last glancing at a clock and discover with surprise that we were fairly accurate? Surprise is understandable because at least as often we lose track of time and err. The validity of these impressions is confirmed by laboratory research showing that duration judgments depend not only on actual physical duration but also on a variety of non
Newly identified obstructive sleep apnea in hospitalized patients: analysis of an evaluation and treatment strategy.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) case finding in hospitalized patients occurs commonly. In some institutions, the wait time to polysomnography (PSG) may be long. We investigated the impact of a protocol utilizing autoadjusting continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for early initiation of therapy in hospitalized patients suspected of having OSA. METHODS A retrospective chart review of patients with likely OSA (oxygen desaturation index > or =10 desaturations per hour with symptoms of OSA) hospitalized between 1999 and 2004 was performed. Subjects were split into intervention and control groups. The intervention group (n=62) underwent autoadjusting CPAP titration while hospitalized and were discharged on fixed CPAP. The control group subjects (n=62) had no autoadjusting CPAP titration and were discharged without CPAP (90% on nocturnal oxygen). Both groups then had a follow-up PSG. RESULTS The 2 groups were matched for baseline characteristics, admission diagnoses, and oximetry parameters. There were no significant differences in time to PSG or apnea-hypopnea index at PSG. In the intervention group, autoadjusting CPAP improved, but did not normalize, oximetry parameters. No significant differences were found in length of hospital stay or in number of urgent care visits, emergency department visits, or hospital readmissions pending PSG. Compared with PSG-determined CPAP pressures, autoadjusting CPAP underestimated the pressure in 60% of the intervention group, whereas 21% required bilevel positive airway pressure for optimal control. CONCLUSIONS Compared with oxygen support or no therapy, an autoadjusting CPAP-titration protocol did not improve short-term outcomes in hospitalized patients with symptoms suggestive of OSA. Autoadjusting CPAP may underestimate optimal treatment settings.
Severe hypocalcemia and hypercalciuria due to contrast medium in the course of acute myocardial infarction

Contrast media-related nephropathy is one of the possible complications in myocardial infarction patients following primary percutaneous intervention (PCI). Contrast media-related nephropathy is mainly defined as a decrease in creatinine clearance and an increase in serum creatinine levels; however, contrast media may also cause electrolyte imbalances. Here we present a case report of severe electrolyte deficiency related with contrast media administration.
Design of Efficient Saliency Map Detector Using Color and Intensity LUT

In this paper, we proposed an algorithm which efficiently detects salient objects. First of all, yellow and intensity images are generated from input image and the feature map is generated using a contrast difference between red-green and blue-yellow channel. Secondly, Lookup-Table(LUT) is obtained by histogram of the feature map. Finally, the saliency map is obtained from LUT. The proposed saliency detector shows that this method is able to efficiently extract saliency maps by improving the AUC 10-40%, comparing to existing color-based method and frequency space transform method.
Terminological Cycles and the Propositional µ-Calculus

We investigate terminological cycles in the terminological standard logic mathcal{ALC} with the only restriction that recursively defined concepts must occur in their definition positively. This restriction, called syntactic monotonicity, ensures the existence of least and greatest fixpoint models. It turns out that as far as syntactically monotone terminologies of mathcal{ALC} are concerned, the descriptive semantics as well as the least and greatest fixpoint semantics do not differ in the computational complexity of the corresponding subsumption relation. In fact, we prove that in each case subsumption is complete for deterministic exponential time. We then show that the expressive power of finite sets of syntactically monotone terminologies of mathcal{ALC} is the very same for the least and the greatest fixpoint semantics and, moreover, in both cases they are strictly stronger in expressive power than mathcal{ALC} augmented by regular role expressions. These results are obtained by a direct correspondence to the so-called propositional mu-calculus which allows to express least and greatest fixpoints explicitly. We propose ALC augmented by the fixpoint operators of the mu-calculus as a unifying framework for all three kinds of semantics.
The Analysis of Technical Efficiency and Productivity Growth In The Former Soviet Union Countries For Two Periods

This study measures economic performances of the 15 transition economies for two periods: The Soviet Union period and transition period. These periods include data of countries for 1970-1989 and 1991-2005. It is known that centrally planned economies are mainly criticized for widespread economic inefficiency and low total factor productivity. Thus, in order to see how the efficiency levels and productivity growth of the former Soviet union countries have changed during the transition or market-based period, we analyze two periods by using Data Envelopment Analysis. The results of analysis indicate that, on average, technical efficiency has slightly increased, however, total factor productivity decreased due to technical regress over the transition period when compared to the era of Soviet union for 15 countries.
Linköping Studies in Science and Technology Dissertations No . 1883 Conceptual Design of Complex Hydromechanical Transmissions

This thesis explores the conceptual design process of complex hydromechanical transmissions for mobile working machines. Efficient methods for design optimisation and controller development are presented to support the final concept selection. In the endeavour to develop new fuel-efficient driveline solutions for construction machines and off-road equipment new complex hydromechanical transmission concepts are being investigated. This pursuit is driven by stricter emission legislation, high fuel prices and a desire for a greener image both for customers and manufacturers. The trend towards more complex transmission architectures increases the need for more sophisticated product development methods. Complex multiple-mode transmissions are difficult to design and prototype and can be realised in a great number of architectures. By introducing a secondary energy storage in the machine the design space expands further for both hardware and software. There is accordingly a need for more reliable concept assessment in early design stages and the possibility to support concurrent engineering throughout the development process. Previous research on the design and development of hydromechanical transmissions has been limited to analysis of fixed concept designs or design optimisation using very simple performance indicators. Existing methodologies for electrified on-road vehicles are not suitable for off-road working machines with hydromechanical transmissions and hydraulic energy storage. The proposed conceptual design process uses detailed quasi-static simulation models and targets to optimise the fuel efficiency of the specific machine specifications and operations. It is also shown how high-speed dynamic simulations can be used for controller development and hardware-in-the-loop simulations to support an efficient product design process. The methods are demonstrated for typical use cases targeting new transmission development for construction machines. Software control development is also treated using control optimisation and real-time simulation. Finally a novel hybrid hydromechanical motion system is presented for which an efficient design process is crucial to its end performance.
Proarrhythmic Effects of Intravenous Quinidine, Amiodarone, d -Sotalol, and Almokalant in the Anesthetized Rabbit Model of Torsade de Pointes

The proarrhythmic effects of four antiarrhythmic agents were examined during &agr; 1 -adrenoceptor stimulation in chloralose-anesthetized rabbits. Each dose of almokalant (26, 88, and 260 &mgr;g/kg), d -sotalol, quinidine, or amiodarone (each 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg) was infused i.v. over 5 min and there was a 20-min interval between each infusion. d -sotalol and almokalant evoked torsade de pointes (TdP) and other arrhythmics, frequently. The incidences of TdP were 0, 50, and 40% after administering the first, second, and third doses of the nonselective I Kr inhibitor d -sotalol, respectively. Similarly, these values were 20, 40, and 33% after administering the first, second, and third doses, respectively, of the selective I Kr inhibitor almokalant. Quinidine elicited only a few arrhythmics, but not TdP. Quinidine, d -sotalol, and almokalant evoked conduction blocks in a dose-related manner (p < 0.05) and prolonged QT and QT c intervals (p < 0.05). Amiodarone neither prolonged QT and QT c nor evoked ventricular tachyarrhythmias, blocks, or other proarrhythmias. In conclusion, these results show no direct correlation between the occurrence of TdP and the infusion rate or dose of anti-arrhythmics. Furthermore, the lack of TdP with quinidine warns of false-negative results in the applied model.
Chapter 7:Substrate Loading, Nucleotide Addition, and Translocation by RNA Polymerase

After the RNA polymerase (RNAP) holoenzyme commences RNA synthesis, the initiation complex isomerizes into the elongation complex (EC) in which the RNAP translocates the template DNA and synthesizes RNA transcripts of up to ∼104(bacterial) to ∼106(eukaryotic) nucleotides. At the ends of transcriptio.
Degradation Analysis of 2-$\mu\hbox{m}$ DFB Laser Using Optical Beam-Induced Current Technique

The degradation behavior of 2-mum wavelength distributed feedback lasers with a p- and n-type InP buried heterostructure during constant-power aging is investigated. The degradation mechanism is governed by diffused defects with a parallel direction in the crystal plane. Furthermore, it is clarified that the epitaxial layers on the mesa affect both first- and second-stage degradations.
Flexible generation/conversion/exchange of fiber-guided orbital angular momentum modes using helical gratings.

By exploiting helical gratings (HGs), we propose and simulate flexible generation, conversion, and exchange of fiber-guided orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes. HGs can enable the generation of OAM modes, and the OAM conversion between two arbitrary modes guided in fibers. A specific HG can exchange the OAM states of a couple of OAM modes, i.e., OAM exchange. In addition, a Fabry-Perot (F-P) cavity cascaded with two identical reflective HGs can reflect converted OAM modes with a comb spectrum. The HG-based generation/conversion/exchange of OAM modes are dependent on helix period, orientation, and the fold number of helical fringes. The proposed method of generation, conversion, and exchange of fiber-guided OAM modes using HGs is flexible and well compatible with OAM fibers, featuring a high conversion efficiency close to 100% and a conversion bandwidth about 10 nm in transmission spectra, while less than 1 nm in reflection spectra.
Role of Adjuvant Sorafenib in Preventing Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma in High Risk Liver Transplantation

Aim: To determine the applicability, tolerability, and efficacy of sorafenib in preventing recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in high risk post liver transplant (LTx) patients. Methods: Twelve high risk LTx patients from 2011 to 2014 were reviewed. Sorafenib was started within 2 months if there was a presence of microvascular invasion (MVI), beyond Milan Criteria, or AFP>100. Doses were escalated from initial to 400 mg/dl. A control group of 14 patients with similar tumor characteristics that did not receive adjuvant sorafenib post LTx were utilized. Results: In the case group, 75% were male, average BMI was 31, and 66% had bilobar tumors. Pathologic staging revealed an average of 2 tumors, total tumor burden 5.1 cm, 75% either stage B or C (BCLC staging), and MVI in 42%. AFP was > 100 in 17%. Average dose was 265 mg in all patients but 300 mg in those that tolerated treatment. Five patients (42%) received therapy for less than 50 days. Adverse events included hand foot syndrome, flushing, anxiety, nausea, diarrhea, hypertension, neutropenia, arthralgia and abdominal pain. No recurrences were observed in the treatment. Eleven (92%) patients are alive, all without recurrence. Conclusion: This preliminary study of adjuvant sorafenib use in post LTx revealed that 68% of targeted patients received adequate treatment at tolerable doses of 300 mg daily. Recurrences were not observed in this high risk group, however the duration of follow up was short. The study gives insight to the current multicenter sorafenib adjuvant post LTx trial. Central Nakshabandi et al. (2016) Email: JSM Clin Oncol Res 4(1): 1049 (2016) 2/4 and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) levels, elevated AFP after failed locoregional therapy, and microvascular invasion) have been employed [20]. These can be pre-transplant characteristics or those found at pathologic staging. Conducting studies on patients at risk for recurrence is difficult as tolerability, benefits, and efficacy of this drug are unknown. Since few studies have evaluated the use of sorafenib as adjuvant therapy for this patient population, we decided to conduct this study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sorafenib treatment, in regards to dosage and associated adverse events in preventing HCC recurrence in high-risk post LTx patients.This strategy for using adjuvant therapy remains largely unproven. Experimentally, in an allogeneic rat LTx model, sorafenib adjuvant therapy after LTx significantly inhibited HCC recurrence and metastasis, and substantially improved overall survival21. Human studies conducted so far have limitations due to very small number of patients and remain inconclusive. Considering a low number of patients at risk for recurrence, low recurrence rates, and difficulties with implementing the adjuvant strategy, which are elaborated subsequently, we conducted a preliminary retrospective cohort study that needs further corroboration with a multicenter trial. We hypothesized that adjuvant sorafenib therapy could reduce HCC recurrences in high-risk patients after liver transplantation.
CSUP technique: a low cost sterilization method using sodium hypochlorite to replace the use of expensive equipment in micropropagation

The ability of in vitro micropropagtion to produce high quality planting material in large quantities is hindered by their high cost of production. Hence the price of planting material is high, making them unaffordable to growers. However, a larger portion of the capital and running cost of micropropagation can be reduced using CSUP (pronounced as seesap) technique, where sodium hypochlorite is used to sterilize glassware and culture media followed by culturing without using a laminar flow cabinet. This study was undertaken with the objective of evaluating the feasibility of the CSUP technique to replace the sterilization carried out using autoclaves and laminar flow cabinets. Sodium hypochlorite in four concentrations 5, 10, 15 and 20% (v/v) were used to rinse glassware and accessories prior to pouring the appropriate culture medium for anthurium cv ‘Tropical Red’ in vitro shoot multiplication. The culturing of axenic shoots was carried out inside a glass-cage and cultures were placed in the growth room. Autoclaved culture medium and a laminar flow cabinet were used in the case of the control cultures. Results revealed that the percentage of contaminationfree cultures, dry weight increase and the shoot multiplication were not significantly different between the respective treatments and the controls, as well as among treatments of different sodium hypochlorite concentrations. Therefore, the CSUP technique using 5% (v/v) sodium hypochlorite solution can be adopted to replace the use of an autoclave and the laminar flow cabinet in the major micropropagation activity of in vitro multiplication. Keywords: CSUP, low cost micropropagation, sodium hypochlorite. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.4038/jnsfsr.v40i1. 4168 J.Natn. Sci.Foundation Sri Lanka 2012 40 (1):49-54
EXPRESSION OF HLA SYSTEM ANTIGENS ON PLACENTA

The levels of HLA-A and -B antigens expressed by placenta have been assessed relative to parental and other A and B antigen types that were not shared by the foetus. A purified preparation of placenta plasma membrane was used to estimate the antigen activities. The results indicate that maternally and paternally inherited A and B antigen activities and β2-microglobulin are expressed to similar extents but at much lower levels than in spleen lymphocytes (less than 5%). The possibility that the amounts detected were caused by contamination with blood or maternal tissue was ruled out. The low levels of A and B antigens may account for the lack of a cellular immune response to the other polymorphic cell surface antigens of the trophoblast. No evidence was obtained for the expression of a significant level of Ia antigens.
Human personality toward digital gameplay analytics for edutainment-based instructional design

Compare between current electronic learning material and digital games, students or learners can spend a whole day on games as game addicted. They are immersed in games by games' context, rules, rewards, multisensory cues, mechanism, interactivity, sound and color but it hardly happens with electronic learning materials. Nonetheless, individual inclination in games is different according to one's preference and game features. This paper explores gameplay behaviors and player characteristics regard as human personality which can be utilized to design edutainment-based instructional material. The experimental results show that decision tree using forward selection with balanced class distribution achieved the highest accuracy upto 93.49% among four styles of digital gameplay.
Adverse effects of tempol on hidrosaline balance in rats with acute sodium overload

We studied the effects of tempol, an oxygen radical scavenger, on hydrosaline balance in rats with acute sodium overload. Male rats with free access to water were injected with isotonic (control group) or hypertonic saline solution (0.80 mol/l NaCl) either alone (Na group) or with tempol (Na-T group). Hydrosaline balance was determined during a 90 min experimental period. Protein expressions of aquaporin 1 (AQP1), aquaporin 2 (AQP2), angiotensin II (Ang II) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were measured in renal tissue. Water intake, creatinine clearance, diuresis and natriuresis increased in the Na group. Under conditions of sodium overload, tempol increased plasma sodium and protein levels and increased diuresis, natriuresis and sodium excretion. Tempol also decreased water intake without affecting creatinine clearance. AQP1 and eNOS were increased and Ang II decreased in the renal cortex of the Na group, whereas AQP2 was increased in the renal medulla. Nonglycosylated AQP1 and eNOS were increased further in the renal cortex of the Na-T group, whereas AQP2 was decreased in the renal medulla and was localized mainly in the cell membrane. Moreover, p47-phox immunostaining was increased in the hypothalamus of Na group, and this increase was prevented by tempol. Our findings suggest that tempol causes hypernatremia after acute sodium overload by inhibiting the thirst mechanism and facilitating diuresis, despite increasing renal eNOS expression and natriuresis.
Unmasking the Pollution Haven Effect

We use theory and empirics to examine the effect of environmental regulations on trade flows. A simple model demonstrates how unobserved heterogeneity, endogeneity, and aggregation issues bias standard measurements of this relationship. A reduced-form estimate of the model, using data on U.S. regulations and trade with Canada and Mexico for 130 manufacturing industries from 1977 to 1986, indicates that industries whose abatement costs increased most experienced the largest increases in net imports. For the average industry, the change in net imports we ascribe to regulatory costs amounting to 10% of the total increase in trade volume over the period.
The three-dimensional kinematics and flexibility characteristics of the human ankle and subtalar joints--Part I: Kinematics.

The in-vitro, three dimensional kinematic characteristics of the human ankle and subtalar joint were investigated in this study. The main goals of this investigation were: 1) To determine the range of motion of the foot-shank complex and the associated range of motion of the ankle and subtalar joints; 2) To determine the kinematic coupling characteristics of the foot-shank complex, and 3) To identify the relationship between movements at the ankle and subtalar joints and the resulting motion produced between the foot and the shank. The tests were conducted on fifteen fresh amputated lower limbs and consisted of incrementally displacing the foot with respect to the shank while the motion of the articulating bones was measured through a three dimensional position data acquisition system. The kinematic analysis was based on the helical axis parameters describing the incremental displacements between any two of the three articulating bones and on a joint coordinate system used to describe the relative position between the bones. From the results of this investigation it was concluded that: 1) The range of motion of the foot-shank complex in any direction (dorsiflexion/plantarflexion, inversion/eversion and internal rotation/external rotation) is larger than that of either the ankle joint or the subtalar joint. ; 2) Large kinematic coupling values are present at the foot-shank complex in inversion/eversion and in internal rotation/external rotation. However, only a slight amount of coupling was observed to occur in dorsiflexion/plantarflexion. ; 3) Neither the ankle joint nor the subtalar joint are acting as ideal hinge joints with a fixed axis of rotation. ; 4) Motion of the foot-shank complex in any direction is the result of rotations at both the ankle and the subtalar joints. However, the contribution of the ankle joint to dorsiflexion/plantarflexion of the foot-shank complex is larger than that of the subtalar joint and the contribution of the subtalar joint to inversion/eversion is larger than that of the ankle joint. ; 5) The ankle and the subtalar joints have an approximately equal contribution to internal rotation/external rotation movements of the foot-shank complex.