Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tissue Resident Alveolar Macrophages Do Not Rely on Glycolysis for LPS-induced Inflammation.

Macrophage effector function is dynamic in nature and largely dependent upon not only the type of immunological challenge, but also the tissue-specific environment and developmental origin of a given macrophage population. Recent research has highlighted the importance of glycolytic metabolism in the regulation of effector function as a common feature associated with macrophage activation. Yet, most research has utilized macrophage cell lines and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), which do not account for the diversity of macrophage populations and the role of tissue specificity in macrophage immunometabolism. Tissue-resident alveolar macrophages (TR-AMs) reside in an environment characterized by remarkably low glucose concentrations, making glycolysis-linked immunometabolism an inefficient and unlikely means for immune activation. In this study, we show that TR-AMs rely on oxidative phosphorylation to meet their energy demands and maintain extremely low levels of glycolysis under steady-state conditions. Unlike BMDMs, TR-AMs do not experience enhanced glycolysis in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and glycolytic inhibition had no effect on their proinflammatory cytokine production. HIF-1α stabilization promoted glycolysis in TR-AMs and shifted energy production away from oxidative metabolism at baseline, but it was not sufficient for TR-AMs to mount further increases in glycolysis or enhance immune function in response to LPS. Importantly, we confirmed these findings in an in vivo influenza model where infiltrating macrophages had significantly higher glycolytic and proinflammatory gene expression compared to TR-AMs. These findings demonstrate that glycolysis is dispensable for macrophage effector function in TR-AMs, and highlight the importance of macrophage tissue origin (tissue resident vs. recruited) in immunometabolism.
Divergent roles of the Wnt/PCP Formin Daam1 in renal ciliogenesis

Kidneys are composed of numerous ciliated epithelial tubules called nephrons. Each nephron functions to reabsorb nutrients and concentrate waste products into urine. Defects in primary cilia are associated with abnormal formation of nephrons and cyst formation in a wide range of kidney disorders. Previous work in Xenopus laevis and zebrafish embryos established that loss of components that make up the Wnt/PCP pathway, Daam1 and ArhGEF19 (wGEF) perturb kidney tubulogenesis. Dishevelled, which activates both the canonical and non-canonical Wnt/PCP pathway, affect cilia formation in multiciliated cells. In this study, we investigated the role of the noncanoncial Wnt/PCP components Daam1 and ArhGEF19 (wGEF) in renal ciliogenesis utilizing polarized mammalian kidney epithelia cells (MDCKII and IMCD3) and Xenopus laevis embryonic kidney. We demonstrate that knockdown of Daam1 and ArhGEF19 in MDCKII and IMCD3 cells leads to loss of cilia, and Daam1’s effect on ciliogenesis is mediated by the formin-activity of Daam1. Moreover, Daam1 co-localizes with the ciliary transport protein Ift88 and is present in cilia. Interestingly, knocking down Daam1 in Xenopus kidney does not lead to loss of cilia. These data suggests a new role for Daam1 in the formation of primary cilia.
KEY INFLUENCE FACTORS FOR OCEAN FREIGHT FORWARDERS SELECTING CONTAINER SHIPPING LINES USING THE REVISED DEMATEL APPROACH

More than 80% of container traffic in the global container shipping market in recent years is derived from ocean freight forwarders (OFFs). It raises concern about the OFFs’ role in coordinating the services between container shipping lines (CSLs) and shippers. Most previous studies did not distinguish the identity of shippers among OFFs, direct shippers, and routing order exporters. There have been some studies examining the factors for OFFs selecting CSLs by the method of decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory analysis (DEMATEL), but the initial direct relationship matrix may not have convergence to zero in the original version of DEMATEL. Moreover, none of the previous studies applied the Revised DEMATEL analysis to evaluate the key influence factors for OFFs selecting CSLs. This paper implemented a questionnaire survey of 30 experts from 15 major Taiwanese OFFs. The survey considered marketing 4C frameworks of customer needs, customer costs, customer communication, and customer convenience. The influence factors of maritime service for CSLs were constructed; the Modified Delphi Method (MDM) and the Revised DEMATEL were used to define the suitability of key factors and to compare the different relations among factors for OFFs in selecting CSLs to provide shipping services. In particular, the result of research on the key factors of the selection of CSLs by OFFs confirms that the Revised DEMATEL could improve the shortcomings of DEMATEL. In conclusion, 12 key factors are proposed, and ‘integrated logistics’ and ‘timely delivery’ are the main influencing and consequence factors respectively.
Reocclusion of the treated vessel due to endothelial injury after mechanical thrombectomy in a patient with acute ischaemic stroke

A 92-year-old woman developed sudden consciousness disturbance, global aphasia and right hemiparesis. She had atrial fibrillation and cardioembolic stroke was diagnosed. Tissue plasminogen activator was administered, and endovascular treatment was initiated. The left middle cerebral artery was occluded and complete recanalisation was achieved after direct aspiration first-pass technique. However, MRI immediately after treatment showed reocclusion. Endovascular treatment was repeated and complete recanalisation was achieved. There was no evidence of cerebral artery dissection, but angiography soon after the second procedure revealed early reocclusion. Ozagrel, an antiplatelet agent, was administered intravenously and prevented reocclusion. Endothelial injury was speculated to have occurred during the first mechanical thrombectomy, leading to recurrent occlusion. Though the patient continued to have right hemiparesis, she recovered from her consciousness disturbance and aphasia after re-treatment.
Robust Inference of Structural Independencies from Finite Data

The reconstruction of causal graphical models through constraint-based inference approaches, such as the PC algorithm, is known to be consistent provided that a correct list of conditional independencies is available. Yet, in practice, conditional independencies need to be ascertained from statistical tests on the available observational data, and are not robust to sampling noise from finite datasets. We propose a more robust approach, which uncovers the most likely indirect paths underlying structural independencies, based on the sign and amplitude of conditional 3-point information terms. The resulting 3off2 algorithm iteratively “takes off” the largest positive conditional 3-point information from the 2point (mutual) information between each pair of nodes. Then, conditional independencies are derived by progressively collecting the most significant indirect contributions to all pairwise mutual information. Identifying structural independencies within such a maximum likelihood framework is found to be more robust to sampling noise from finite observational data on benchmark networks.
Validity and Reliability of the Lode Excalibur Sport Cycle Ergometer for the Wingate Anaerobic Test

Abstract Lunn, WR and Axtell, RS. Validity and reliability of the Lode Excalibur Sport cycle ergometer for the Wingate Anaerobic Test. J Strength Cond Res 35(10): 2894–2901, 2021—Although multiple testing devices advertise Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT), capability, reliability, and validity data are sparse. The purpose was to determine whether the Lode Excalibur Sport cycle ergometer is a reliable and valid instrument to conduct the 30-second WAnT when compared with the Monark 894e Peak Bike ergometer. Recreationally active men (n = 49; 20.6 ± 2.5 years; 1.75 ± 0.07 m; and 79.1 ± 9.8 kg) completed four 30-second WAnTs: 2 each on the Lode and the Monark ergometers for peak power (PP), mean power (MP), minimum power (MinP), fatigue index (FI), and peak cadence (vmax) measurement. Interday and interunit correlation, multivariate analysis of variance, regression, and Bland-Altman analysis determined reliability and validity. Cohen's d was used to determine effect size. Relative reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient) with 95% confidence interval for Monark and Lode was very high for PP, MP, MinP, and vmax and high for FI (r > 0.83; coefficient of variation ≤ 27.0%; p < 0.01). Interunit correlation was strong for PP, MP, MinP, and vmax (r > 0.75; p < 0.001) and moderate for FI (p = 0.001). Lode PP and FI values were significantly less (p < 0.001; d > 1.18) and MinP, MP, and vmax significantly greater (p ≤ 0.001; d > 0.51) than Monark. Proportional bias was demonstrated for all variables (p < 0.04; d > 2.68) except vmax. The Lode ergometer reliably provides WAnT outcomes and correlates well to the Monark ergometer. However, differences in power values and proportional bias between differently braked instruments prevent use of the Lode ergometer for comparison of WAnT data with normative data generated by the Monark ergometer.
Gordon W. Allport's Concept of the Human Person: On a Possible Dialogue between Philosophy and Psychology

for many years, modern social science and philosophy have been a battlefield of conflicting visions of the human person. There are many armies involved in this fight—among them the personalists who, even among themselves, represent different approaches to the understanding of the human person. G. W. Allport states that both philosophy and psychology are interested in the same common subject matter—that is, the human person.1 Allport’s statement in this regard is very clear: personalistic psychology and philosophy must join forces to fight against the reduction of the human person to a mere football or an academic pawn. We have to acknowledge an interior power of self-directedness in the human person. This article is an attempt to evaluate the relevance of Allport’s psychological concept of the human to philosophy, but in particular to philosophical personalism, for, as he says, it is “inconceivable that two intentioned disciplines working on a common subject matter can indefinitely remain apart” (Personality and Social Encounter 36). For him, both psychology and philosophy should cooperate in getting to know the human person better. He puts it as follows:
The Subjective Well-Being Challenge in the Accounting Profession: The Role of Job Resources

The main activity of the accountant is the preparation and audit of the financial information of a company. The subjective well-being of the accountant is important to ensure a balanced professional judgment and to offer a positive image of the profession in the face of the incorporation and retention of talent. However, accountants are subjected to intense pressures that affect their well-being in the performance of their tasks. In this paper, the job demands–resources theoretical framework is adopted to analyze the relationships between job demands, job resources, and the subjective well-being of a large sample of 739 accounting experts at the European level. Applying a structural equations model, the results confirm, on the one hand, the direct effects provided in the theoretical framework and, on the other, a new mediating role of job demands–subjective well-being relationship resources.
Implementation and evaluation of auditory models for sound localization

For sound localization the human auditory system uses binaural information like interaural time difference (ITD) and level difference (ILD) as well as spectral cues. The information can be described by individual head-related transfer-functions, HRTFs. They represent the spectral characteristics of the filtering process of an incoming soundwave by head, pinna and torso. The processing of this information in the auditory system still cannot be fully explained. Hence the influence of several parameters on human perception is studied with the help of psychoacoustic experiments. However, big variation in system parameters results in great expenses of time and money. Therefore auditory models which aim in modelling response patterns of human listeners are used. The aim of the project is to combine two existing auditory models (Langendijk and Bronkhorst, 2002 and Lopez-Poveda and Meddis, 2001) and integrate the resulting one in the Auditory Modelling Toolbox (AMT) for MATLAB. The resulting model has been evaluated with already existent data from various sound localization experiments. Zusammenfassung Für die Schallquellenlokalisation nutzt das auditorische System binaurale Information wie interaurale Laufzeitdifferenz (ITD) und Pegeldifferenz (ILD) sowie auch monaurale spektrale Information. Sie können durch die individuellen Außenohrübertragungsfunktionen (engl: head-related transfer-functions, HRTFs) beschrieben werden. Sie zeigen die spektralen Eigenschaften der Filterung des eintreffenden Schalls aufgrund von Kopf, Ohrmuschel und Rumpf. Da die Verarbeitung dieser Informationen im auditorischen System noch immer nicht zur Gänze erforscht ist, wird der Einfluss verschiedenster Parameter auf die menschliche Wahrnehmung anhand von psychoakustischen Tests untersucht. Eine große Variation an Systemparametern ist jedoch zeitund kostenintensiv. Dies führt zum Einsatz von Modellen des menschlichen auditorischen Systems, deren Ziel ist, die Ergebnisse der Probanden vorhersagen zu können. Ziel des Projekts ist es zwei bestehende Modelle (Langendijk and Bronkhorst, 2002 and Lopez-Poveda and Meddis, 2001) zu kombinieren und in die Auditory Modelling Toolbox (AMT) für MATLAB zu integrieren. Das resultierende Modell soll mit Hilfe von vorhandenen Ergebnissen diverser Lokalisationsversuche evaluiert und konfiguriert werden. K. Egger: Auditory models for sound localization 3
Transfer Learning for Style-Specific Text Generation

Neural networks have shown promising results for generating text for creative uses. However, current methods require large data sets to generate coherent sentences, which severely limits their creative potential given that the majority of stylistic literary data sets are relatively small. We build on recent advances in transfer learning for natural language processing and demonstrate that generic pre-trained language models can be effectively fine-tuned on small stylistic corpora to generate coherent and creatively expressive text. We empirically show the effectiveness of this method across three distinct literary styles where only a small (e.g. less than 6k) number of tokens are available. We suggest further work for understanding and improving this process, and release our code online1.
Group Size, Communication, and Challenges for the Education of Global Citizens

Not long ago, multiculturalism was considered something rather dubious. A leading German politician even coined the expression multicriminalism. Today some of the white sheep of the past who still believe in the values of days gone by, such as the Gospel or the German Mark, have become a minority. According to evolutionary psychology, what we are today is the result of adaptations to the effects our ancestors experienced for tens of thousands of generations and what we are going to be in future depends on the decisions we make today. The reason for our taking the evolutionary perspective is, “through a better understanding of our evolutionary past we may set up our system of values on a sound, enduring basis” (Csikszentmihályi, 1990, p. 13). In order to educate global citizens to live the moral values of democracy we are well advised to examine the adaptive value of moral for our “ill-behaved” Pleistocene past. Let us face it: We might not have set out as learned men and women of a high moral standing! Moral has become necessary through our life in larger groups. This paper examines the chances and constraints of our social evolution towards multiculturalism and globalization. After an analysis of the survival advantages and challenges of living in ever-larger groups, attention will be drawn to some of the biological-cognitive limits of social cooperation among humans. The presentation will attempt to show solutions as to how these limits may be overcome.
INTRODUCING RESIDUAL STRESSES IN THIN ALUMINIUM STRUCTURES BY LASER GENERATED TEMPERATURE FIELDS

Since the development of high power laser sources, laser heating was investigated as a tool to retard fatigue life time. This is especially important for aircraft aluminium alloys to safe weight and costs. In previous works, laser heating was demonstrated as a method to retard fatigue crack growth. In order to determine the residual stress field a combined heat flux and mechanical finite element simulation followed by a fracture mechanics simulation was found to be a suitable method to assess the improvement of the fatigue crack growth behaviour. In this work the approach is transferred from small scale laboratory C(T)100 specimens of aluminium alloy 2198 with a thickness of 5 mm to larger M(T)200 specimens of the conventional aerospace aluminium alloy 2024 with a thickness of 2 mm. For the modified specimen geometry, thickness, and material a new experimental setup was constructed. Laser heating with two different sets of parameters was applied to generate the analysed samples. The influence of laser heating on the material properties is characterised by hardness measurements and optical microscopy. Additionally, the introduced residual stresses are determined by x-ray synchrotron diffraction. Eventually, the lifetime is compared to that of the base material by fatigue crack growth tests.
Modeling and Predicting Trustworthiness of Online Textual Information

Modeling trustworthiness of information is a key factor in many decision support systems. Decision makers and citizens are highly influenced these days by information they get from on-line resources Ű news, on-line encyclopedias, blogs and forums, other social interactions, and product reviews. The ease of publishing on the Web, on the other hand, has also allowed nefarious sources to openly express their views and opinions as if they are facts. In this new dynamics, it is important to validate online claims and distinguish fact from fiction. My research tries to address the challenges in modeling trustworthiness of free-text claims. In this thesis proposal document, I present the need for research on trustworthiness of online information and argue for going beyond structured, extraction-centric approaches to unstructured, textual evidence-driven trust modeling. The overall goal is to provide tools and build systems that would help users judge the veracity of claims. My research focuses on modeling the trustworthiness of sources and free-text claims in presence of unstructured, textual evidence found online. It involves understanding multiple ways in which claims can be expressed in free text, the contexts in which they are expressed, and incorporating this understanding in building robust approaches to verify claims. I have investigated how to aggregate signals supporting a claim based on the quality of evidence, address differential trust levels of sources (experts vs. laymen, commercial vs. governmental websites, etc.), and explored the use of community knowledge (expressed in forums) to enable Web users decide credibility of sources and claims. Judging credibility of sources and trustworthiness of information is not absolute. It depends not only on various aspects about what is being claimed, but also on biases of the sources and the preferred viewpoints of the users consuming information. In future, I plan to understand how human biases affect the credibility judgment of documents, and how to present evidence to inform users of various viewpoints that exist for the claim. The challenge is to detect and present credible information and sources, especially in presence of contradictory evidence, to help users decide the veracity of claims.
Subjective Versus Objective Face Image Quality Evaluation For Face Recognition

The performance of any face recognition system gets affected by the quality of the probe and the reference images. Rejecting or recapturing images with low-quality can improve the overall performance of the biometric system. There are many statistical as well as learning-based methods that provide quality scores given an image for the task of face recognition. In this study, we take a different approach by asking 26 participants to provide subjective quality scores that represent the ease of recognizing the face on the images from a smartphone based face image dataset. These scores are then compared to measures implemented from ISO/IEC TR 29794-5. We observe that the subjective scores outperform the implemented objective scores while having a low correlation with them. Furthermore, we analyze the effect of pose, illumination, and distance on face recognition similarity scores as well as the generated mean opinion scores.
Space-Time Coding in MIMO Radar Employing the Generalized Detector

We consider the problem of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radars employing the generalized detector (GD) based on the generalized approach to signal processing in noise and using the space-time coding to achieve a desired diversity. To that end, we derive a suitable GD structure after briefly outlining the model of the received target return signal. The GD performance is expressed in closed form as a function of the clutter statistical properties and of the space-time code matrix.
The count-mass distinction in St ’ át ’ imcets ( and beyond ) *

There has been little systematic investigation of the count-mass distinction in Salish; previous work is confined to a brief discussion on St’át’imcets in Davis and Matthewson (1999), and a fuller treatment of Upriver Halkomelem in Wiltschko (2005, 2009, 2012). Both conclude that the distinction is not grammatically instantiated in Salish. Based on the pattern of number marking on determiners and the distribution of plural reduplication on nouns, I show that mass and count nouns must be grammatically distinguished in St’át’imcets. I then turn to the Upriver Halkomelem evidence, and argue that though it differs from St’át’imcets in the inflectional encoding of number, it too can be shown to grammatically encode the count-mass distinction.
Income , social , and political inequality

This paper empirically investigates the dependence of income inequality on social and political inequality and its relationship to GDP per capita. The analysis uses a cross-country panel data set for 72 countries, both developed and developing, over the period between 1970 and 2006. Having identified endogeneity amongst the variables, the study employs a system-GMM estimation technique. The empirical evidence strongly supports the inverted-U curve hypothesis between GDP per capita and inequality which is measured by the Gini coefficient. While both social and political inequality increase income inequality, the effects have reversed when they interactively change. Other significant determinants of income inequality are the government spending to GDP ratio, the age dependency ratio, labour force participation rate for females, and education.
The Deer

Acclaimed publisher and editor Neil Astley, founder of Bloodaxe Books, guest-edits this special transatlantic all-poetry issue, featuring poets from North America, Great Britain, and Ireland. The issue contains a stirring diversity of work, with writers who have roots everywhere from Guyana to Pakistan to Zambia, and also features poetry in Welsh, Irish, and Scottish Gaelic. Much of the work is from accomplished British poets who are still little-known in the States. As Astley writes in his introduction, the issue aims to break down “the illogical divide between readerships on either side of the Atlantic,” and spark a conversation that will enliven and invigorate both poetic traditions.