Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
System on Chip Based RTC in Power Electronics

Current control systems and emulation systems (Hardware-in-the-Loop, HIL or Processor-in-the-Loop, PIL) for high-end power-electronic applications often consist of numerous components and interlinking busses: a micro controller for communication and high level control, a DSP for real-time control, an FPGA section for fast parallel actions and data acquisition, multiport RAM structures or bus systems as interconnecting structure. System-on-Chip (SoC) combines many of these functions on a single die. This gives the advantage of space reduction combined with cost reduction and very fast internal communication. Such systems become very relevant for research and also for industrial applications. The SoC used here as an example combines a Dual-Core ARM 9 hard processor system (HPS) and an FPGA, including fast interlinks between these components. SoC systems require careful software and firmware concepts to provide real-time control and emulation capability. This paper demonstrates an optimal way to use the resources of the SoC and discusses challenges caused by the internal structure of SoC. The key idea is to use asymmetric multiprocessing: One core uses a bare-metal operating system for hard real time. The other core runs a “real-time” Linux for service functions and communication. The FPGA is used for flexible process-oriented interfaces (A/D, D/A, switching signals), quasi-hard-wired protection and the precise timing of the real-time control cycle. This way of implementation is generally known and sometimes even suggested–but to the knowledge of the author’s seldomly implemented and documented in the context of demanding real-time control or emulation. The paper details the way of implementation, including process interfaces, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the chosen concept. Measurement results demonstrate the properties of the solution.
Situating Poligen Studies: Between Moral Enquiry and Political Theory

In this article, I argue that we can best appreciate those works that appeal to the notion of “political genealogy” as distinct forms of study by situating them between moral enquiry and political theory. They draw from moral enquiry the concern with how we ought to live but are not themselves prescriptive. They address the political constitution of our social lives but not as a theoretical object. Reversing the relation between enquiry and truth, political genealogies are historiographical studies motivated by forms of resistance that expose the will to truth of the present ordering of discourses, thereby releasing the hold such orderings have on what we think, say, and do to their on-going agonistic relations.
Lamb Survival - Balancing Genetics, Selection and Management

The historically small size of the Australian sheep flock, along with the relatively high sheep and lamb prices compared to wool returns, has highlighted the issue of low reproductive efficiency of the Australian sheep flock, particularly the Merino. The major obstacle to improving net reproduction rate (NRR, the number of lambs weaned per ewe joined) is lamb survival. The animal welfare issues relating to lamb survival are discussed along with the major causes of lamb loss and factors that impact on lamb survival. The successful rearing of a lamb to weaning is the culmination of a sequence of often interrelated events involving genetics, physiology, behaviour and nutrition, with the environment providing an overarching complication. These interacting factors affect the outcome of an individual pregnancy, while the success or failure of each individual pregnancy determines the overall reproductive success of the whole flock. Three options are available for commercial sheep producers to improve reproductive efficiency. Firstly, Australian Sheep Breeding Values (ASBVs) can be used to select rams whose daughters will wean a higher percentage of lambs leading to improvements in lamb survival in future generations. Secondly, a combination of identifying and retaining the best performing ewes on the basis of NRR and removing the worst performers from the flock will improve lamb survival in the current generation. Thirdly, management options that involve monitoring and actively managing ewe nutrition during pregnancy and optimise the features of a lambing paddock will help boost lamb survival. Actively managing the body condition of the ewes during pregnancy to a target fat (or condition score) of 3 can significantly improve lamb survival, particularly that of twins. Minimising the impact of chill within the lambing paddock through reducing wind speed, increasing temperature and reducing dampness will enhance lamb survival. The benefits of each of these three options are cumulative, such that improvements in NRR of 14% within 10 years are possible. However, prior to the development of extension programs endorsing these three strategies to improve lamb survival, they must be demonstrated in commercial flocks across a range of production environments and proven to work over a number of seasons.
On the density and the structure of the Peirce-like formulae †

Within the language of propositional formulae built on implication and a finite number of variables k, we analyze the set of formulae which are classical tautologies but not i ntuitionistic (we call such formulae - Peirce’s formulae). We construct the large family of so called simple Peirce’s fo rmulae, whose sequence of densities for different k is asymptotically equivalent to the sequence 1 2k2 . We prove that the densities of the sets of remaining Peirce’ s formulae are asymptotically bounded from above by c k3 for some constant c 2 R. The result justifies the statement that in the considered language almost all Peirce’s formulae are simpl e. The result gives a partial answer to the question stated in the recent paper by H. Fournier, D. Gardy, A. Genitrini and M. Zaionc - although we have not proved the existence of the densities for Peirce’s formulae, our result gives low er and upper bound for it (if it exists) and both bounds are asymptotically equivalent to 1 2k2 .
Use of time-resolved X-ray scattering methods for investigation of structural formation in polymer liquid crystals

The paper gives general information about the advantages of using synchrotron radiation in investigation of polymer liquid crystals. Examples are given with thermotropic polymer liquid crystal Poly(heptane-1,7-dyil-4,4’biphenyldicarboxylate). The melt formation of smectic liquid crystal phase and consequent crystallization at decreasing temperature is depicted. Detailed description of different structural parameters, derivable from appropriate analysis of the experimental results, is given. With the aim of all those parameters an overall hierarchical structuring during phase transitions could be revealed. Since some basic terms about liquid crystals and polymer liquid crystals are given, the paper would serve as an introductory reading in the field.
UWB Multilayer Power Divider with High Isolation

A novel compact slotline power divider is proposed in this article. This presented power divider employs a novel conflguration with one lumped resistor, which makes it surpass most antecedent UWB power dividers based on microstrip-to-slotline transitions in aspect of isolation between output ports and return losses at output ports. The simulated and measured results illustrate the good performances of the novel power divider on return losses at all ports, isolation, amplitude and phase balances between output ports, as well as group delay over the wide frequency band from 3.8GHz to 10.4GHz.
Involving users in the development of embedded technology in construction

Based on a project about user driven innovation and embedded technology in construction (BIIB), the paper discusses methodological issues on user involvement. In the paper especially focus is on the experiences on involving users in collaborative development of scenarios, in the validation of scenarios and in developing innovative solutions on a conceptual level. The project discusses 1) concepts of users and 2) methods for collaborative involvement. The first discussion involves presentation of an extended user concept and a discussion of differences between lead users and need-advanced users. The second discussion on collaborative involvement, discuss experiences with methods for communication across cultural and professional competences with reference to boundary objects, tangible systems and visualization. In the project four segments of situations for use of embedded technology in construction is analysed: the building process, professional operation and maintaining of buildings, tenants in social housing and occupants/owners in detached houses. In the article the different methods for involving users are compared across these types of users.
Contrasting impacts of a native and alien macrophyte on dissolved oxygen in a large river

In aquatic systems low dissolved oxygen (DO) has been identified as a serious water quality problem. Here we use empirical data and modeling to explore the hypothesis that the introduction of an alien aquatic macrophyte (Trapa natans) may have had dramatic impacts on the frequency and extent of low DO events in the Hudson River. Continuous measurements with moored instruments demonstrated that in large macrophyte beds dom- inated by a native species (Vallisneria americana) DO never declined below 5 mg/L during the summer growing season. In contrast, during this same time period, extremely low DO was common in large beds dominated by Trapa natans, with DO values below 2.5 mg/L occurring up to 40% of the time. This difference in DO can be modeled based on species differences in the balance of respiration and in-water photosynthesis. The low DO values in Trapa beds suggest that these beds may be poor habitats for sensitive fish and inver- tebrates and that redox sensitive chemical reactions may be altered within Trapa beds.
Do Inequality Measures Measure Inequality?

In the literature, much attention has been paid to a number of aspects of inequality including the distinction between relative and absolute inequality, axiomatization of inequality, the Lorenz criterion for inequality comparisons, properties of various inequality measures, and inequality decomposition. In no way do I wish to argue with the main results derived in these areas. Rather, my purpose here is to add to the theory of inequality measurement by dealing with one aspect of inequality which has been largely ignored by economists and by others. This is the question of how inequality changes – in particular, whether it increases, decreases, or remains unchanged – when income grows in specified ways. The balance of this chapter deals with two distinct conceptual entities, “inequality” and “inequality measures. ” The next section analyzes how “inequality” might be said to change under various types of economic growth and explores the foundations for alternative views. One approach in terms of “elitism of the rich” and “isolation of the poor” is then described. The following section looks into the behavior of “inequality measures” and the relationship between “inequality measures” and “inequality,” and a final section draws some conclusions.
Laser plasma acceleration of electrons: towards the production of monoenergetic beams

The interaction of high intensity laser pulses with underdense plasma is investigated experimentally using a range of laser parameters and energetic electron production mechanisms are compared. It is clear that the physics of these interactions changes significantly depending not only on the interaction intensity but also on the laser pulse length. For high intensity laser interactions in the picosecond pulse duration regime the production of energetic electrons is highly correlated with the production of plasma waves. However as intensities are increased the peak electron acceleration increases beyond that which can be produced from single stage plasma wave acceleration and direct laser acceleration mechanisms must be invoked. If, alternatively, the pulse length is reduced such that it approaches the plasma period of a relativistic electron plasma wave, high power interactions can be shown to enable the generation of quasimonoenergetic beams of relativistic electrons.
Preferential Regimes Can Make Tax Competition Less Harmful

A key feature of the recent EU and OECD standards for good behavior in international taxation is a presumption against preferential tax regimes (such as those offering advantageous treatment to non-residents or enterprises not active in the domestic market), which are seen as especially corrosive forms of tax competition. This paper shows that, on the contrary, preferential regimes may serve a useful strategic purpose in enabling countries to confine their most aggressive tax competition to particular parts of the tax system. Proscribing them therefore may—in the model here, certainly will—actually worsen tax competition.
Frame vs. Trajectory Analyses of Pedestrian Dynamics Asymmetries in a Staircase Landing

Real-life, out-of-laboratory, measurements of pedestrian walking dynamics allow extensive and fully-resolved statistical analyses. However, data acquisition in real-life is subjected to the randomness and heterogeneity that characterizes crowd flows over time. In a typical real-life location, disparate flow conditions follow one another in random order: for instance, a low density pedestrian co-flow dynamics may suddenly turn into a high density counter-flow scenario and then back again. Isolating occurrences of similar flow conditions within the acquired data is a paramount first step in the analyses in order to avoid spurious statistics and to enable qualitative comparisons. In this paper we extend our previous investigation on the asymmetric pedestrian dynamics on a staircase landing, where we collected a large statistical database of measurements from ad hoc continuous recordings. This contribution has a two-fold aim: first, method-wise, we discuss an analysis workflow to consider large-scale experimental measurements, suggesting two querying approaches to automatically extract occurrences of similar flow scenarios out of datasets. These pursue aggregation of similar scenarios on either a frame or a trajectory basis. Second, we employ these two different perspectives to further explore asymmetries in the pedestrian dynamics in our measurement site. We report cross-comparisons of statistics of pedestrian positions, velocities and accelerations vs. flow conditions as well as vs. querying approach.
Production and enzymatic hydrolysis of carbohydrates in intertidal sediment.

A significant proportion of microphytobenthos (MPB) production is in the form of intra- and extracellular carbohydrates. We measured changes in MPB biomass, associated carbohydrates, and relative exoenzyme activity in an intertidal biofilm over the course of daylight tidal emersion. Two experiments were carried out in North Inlet (South Carolina, USA) during June 2007. MPB bio- mass accumulated in the upper 5 mm of sediment during daylight emersion, and there was a loss of biomass after tidal flooding of the sediment, with a 50 ± 21% (mean ± SD) decrease in sediment chl a content. Six carbohydrate fractions were measured in the sediment, and there were significant posi- tive correlations between chl a and all carbohydrate fractions, indicating that the MPB was the major source of carbohydrates in the sediment, despite significant local primary production by Spartina alterniflora. Rates of relative glycosidase activity followed the pattern: β-glucosidase > α-glucosidase > (β-xylosidase = β-galactosidase = α-galactosidase). Glucosidase enzymes dominated the hydrolysis of carbohydrates, contributing 70 ± 6% of the measured total relative exoenzyme activity. There were significant positive correlations between the total and hot water-extracted carbohydrates in the sedi- ment with relative α-glucosidase activity. Relative α-galactosidase activity was positively correlated with the saline-extractable and saline-extractable low molecular weight fractions. In addition to β- glucosidase, other exoenzymes play a significant role in the remineralization of exopolymers in MPB- dominated intertidal sediments.
Evaluations of soil Fertility Status of Available Major Nutrients ( N,P & K) and Micro Nutrients (Fe, Mn, Cu & Zn) in Vertisol of Kabeerdham District of Chhat tisgarh, India

Grid based (GPS) surface (0-15 cm) soil samples by systemati c survey were collected from 4 blocks, 84 selected villages in Kabeerdham district were 297samples identified fro m Vertisol. These soil samples were analyzed for N,P and K and Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn andcategorized as low medium and high as per criteria fallowed in the soil testing laboratory. Based upon the coefficient of correlation between macronut rients& micronutrient and soil properties, a significant and positive correlations obser ved was between soil pH and available N, P and K. Electrical conductivity exhibited significant and positi ve relationship with available N, P, K and organic C showed significant and positive correlation with availab le N and K.
The Socially Optimal Energy Transition in a Residential Neighbourhood in the Netherlands

The coming energy transition in residential neighbourhoods in the Netherlands is the result of the increasing cost of CO2 emission and the decreasing costs of solar PhotoVoltaics (PV) and alternative techniques of residential heating, namely Combined Heat and Power (CHP) and heat pump. The optimal transition is found by minimizing the total discounted social costs of residential energy consumption and generation. Social costs include the cost of CO2 emission and the investment in the electric network. The model integrates economics and the electric constraints based on the Alternating Current (AC) network power flow. The results indicate that in the optimal transition nearly all houses are going to use an air-to-water heat pump with auxiliary gas heating. This shift from gas to electricity depends very little on the future CO2 price or the network costs. Solar PV is not yet socially profitable at this moment. The "business case" for a household, using private costs, includes taxes and excludes CO2 costs and uses a higher discount rate. In the resulting optimum no heat pumps are used. However, reducing the ratio of the electricity tax versus the gas tax moves the private optimum to the social optimum. In order to use the model (with GAMS) or to verify table 18 (with Octave/Matlab), download the packed file below (If needed: rename it from .txt to .zip and unpack the file). After the publication , the following problem was noted by a reader. According to section 5.3, first paragraph, the heat pump is socially optimal in the old neighbourhood. However, in general this is somewhat unrealistic: the heat pump has a low water temperature, requiring enlarging the capacity of the radiators. Also: "starting at 20 euro" at page 11 is simply the actual value up to 2010.
Investigations of Certain Estimators for Modeling Panel Data Under Violations of Some Basic Assumptions

This paper investigates the efficiency of four methods of estimating panel data models (Pooling (OLS), First-Differenced (FD), Between (BTW) and Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS)) when the assumptions of homoscedasticity, no autocorrelation and no collinearity are jointly violated. Monte-Carlo studies were carried out at different sample sizes, at varying degrees of heteroscedasticity, different levels of collinearity and autocorrelation all at different time periods. The results from this work showed that in small sample situation, irrespective of number of time length, FGLS estimator is efficient when heteroscedasticity is severe regardless of levels of autocorrelation and multicollinearity. However, when heteroscedasticity is low or mild with moderate autocorrelation level, both FD and FGLS are efficient, while BTW performs better only when there is no autocorrelation and low degree of heteroscedasticity. However, in large sample with short time periods, both FD and BTW could be used when there is no autocorrelation and low degree of heteroscedasticity, while FGLS is preferred elsewise. Meanwhile, Pooling estimator performs better when the assumptions of homoscedasticity, independent of error terms and orthogonality among the explanatory variables are justifiably valid. Key words: Panel data, heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation, Multicollinearity, CLRM
Community Detection in Networks using PageRank Contributions

The modern science of networks has made significant contributions to our understanding of complex real world systems. One of the most relevant features of graphs representing the real world networks is their community structure. Therefore, a large body of work in industry and academia has been devoted to identifying community structure in complex networks. In this thesis, we design PC-KM, a variation of k-means clustering using PageRank contributions to detect communities in networks. In order to scale to large size networks, we propose another method PPC-KM, which uses random projections to reduce dimensionality while preserving features required for community detection. We also present a fuzzy version of PPC-KM to consider the overlapping communities in networks. We evaluate our algorithms on several datasets. The results show that our methods detect communities with high performance on real world networks.
How do Robins Erithacus rubecula resident in Iberia respond to seasonal flooding by conspecific migrants?

Capsule The majority of Robins in Iberia are sedentary and stay in their nesting areas despite the presumed increased competition that results from the seasonal flooding of the area by conspecific migrants. Aims To evaluate if Robins in Iberia are displaced from their nesting areas by the presence of large numbers of competitors originating from higher latitudes. Methods Data from constant effort ringing sites were used to estimate the proportion of Robins that are strictly sedentary and the seasonal variation in Robin numbers. Hydrogen stable isotope ratios (δ2H) in feathers, and sex ratios determined through molecular techniques, allowed an insight into the numerical importance of invading Robins from higher latitudes. Results Robins were more numerous outside the breeding season, with clear influxes in autumn. Around half of the locally nesting Robins were captured during winter, indicating they are truly sedentary. δ2H in feathers suggests that a wide mixture of Robins from all European latitudes were present in winter, and these data, together with sex ratios, suggest that there may be similar numbers of local and foreign individuals in winter at the main study site. Conclusion Despite the occupation of their range by migrants, local birds are largely sedentary.
Power Consumption of Packet Processing Engines and Interfaces of Edge Router: Measurements and Modeling

—Power management is a key feature in today's Internet Protocol/ Multi-Protocol Label Switching (IP/MPLS) network across all market segments. With the aim of controlling the power consumption in core networks, we consider energy aware devices that are able to reduce their energy requirements by adapting their performance. We focus on packet processing engines, and router interfaces, which generally represent the most energy consumption components of network devices data plane. Our goal is to control both the power configuration of pipelines, as well as to study the effect of the packet size onto the power consumption of an edge router. The results show that the packet size is closely related to the power consumption of the edge router. It is also shown that there is a tradeoff between power consumption and packet latency times. Based on these results, we model the formal power consumption equation of the edge router.