Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increased Physical Activity Reduces the Odds of Elevated Systolic BloodPressure Independent of Body Mass or Ethnicity in Rural Adolescents

Objectives: Reduced Physical Activity (PA) has been implicated in the increased prevalence of adolescent obesity and Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP). The present study provides a robust examination of these relationships in Hispanic adolescents from a rural population for which data are scarce. Methods: We compared PA levels, SBP and body mass categories (normal weight, overweight and obese) between non-Hispanic white and Hispanic adolescents (15 ± 0.1 yrs; n=983 males, 911 females) using odds ratio and path analyses. Results: When groups (by gender & ethnicity) were categorized by body mass independent of SBP, prevalence of elevated SBP for obese compared to normal weight cohorts was 3.5- and 12-fold greater for non-Hispanic white males and females, respectively, and 2- and 3-fold greater for Hispanic males and females, respectively. When categorized by SBP independent of Body Mass Index (BMI), prevalence of obesity for adolescents with elevated SBP compared to normotensive cohorts was 3.5- and 6-fold greater for non-Hispanic white males and females, respectively, and 2-fold greater for both Hispanic males and females. Conclusions: Path analyses suggest that both reduced PA and increased BMI are simultaneous predictors of the observed elevation in SBP. Odds ratio analyses revealed that 6+hr PA/wk reduced the probability of developing elevated SBP 3-fold in both genders independent of body mass category or ethnicity, identifying increased PA as a critical behavioral element to target to alleviate the consequences of obesity-related increases in SBP in young people regardless of ethnicity or gender.
Land surface temperature from Ka band (37 GHz) passive microwave observations

[1] An alternative to thermal infrared satellite sensors for measuring land surface temperature (Ts) is presented. The 37 GHz vertical polarized brightness temperature is used to derive Ts because it is considered the most appropriate microwave frequency for temperature retrieval. This channel balances a reduced sensitivity to soil surface characteristics with a relatively high atmospheric transmissivity. It is shown that with a simple linear relationship, accurate values for Ts can be obtained from this frequency, with a theoretical bias of within 1 K for 70% of vegetated land areas of the globe. Barren, sparsely vegetated, and open shrublands cannot be accurately described with this single channel approach because variable surface conditions become important. The precision of the retrieved land surface temperature is expected to be better than 2.5 K for forests and 3.5 K for low vegetation. This method can be used to complement existing infrared derived temperature products, especially during clouded conditions. With several microwave radiometers currently in orbit, this method can be used to observe the diurnal temperature cycles with surprising accuracy.
Protective Humoral Immunity Induced by Lipopolysaccharide Incorporated Liposome in Mice Against Shigella flexneri Infection

This study was conducted to determine the role of lipopolysaccahride-liposome conjugate (LPS-LIP) as a potential vaccine against shigellosis in mice by determining the IgG titer. One hundred stool samples were collected from patients with diarrhea from different hospitals in Baghdad city during the period December 2011-May 2012. Thirty isolates were suspected to be Shigella. Four isolates of Shigella flexneri were obtained after performing some biochemical tests and Api System. Antibiotic sensitivity test was carried out and results revealed that all isolates were resist to some antibiotics used in this study. One isolate was selected for LPS extraction by phenol hot water extraction method. Chemical characterization of the extracted LPS revealed that the carbohydrate content was 2.34 mg/ml, while the protein concentration was 0. 52µg/ml. Partial purification of the extracted LPS was carried out by using gel- filtration chromatography on Sephacryl S-200 and results showed that three peaks were obtained and protein, carbohydrate concentration were estimated for each peak. The second peak observed to have the highest carbohydrate content was (25%). and the lowest contaminated protein was (0.001%). The partial purified LPS was analyzed by Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and results reveled that two bands with molecular weights 100 and 150 KDa were present. Band with MW 100 kDa represented LPS. IgG titer was estimated by Elisa technique. A significant increase in IgG titer was recorded in mice treated with conjugate after infection with S. flexneri.
Acquisition at the prosody-morphology interface

It has long been observed that the acquisition of grammatical function morphemes proceeds gradually over time, taking several months to reach adult-like performance (e.g., Brown, 1973). Rather than appearing all at once, morphemes such as determiners (e.g., articles a or the) and verbal inflections (e.g., 3 person singular –s) initially appear in a few obligatory contexts, increasing in appearance over time. In contrast to a parameter-setting approach, where the acquisition of a grammatical construction is presumed to be categorical, the normal course of morphological acquisition is typically a gradual ‘learning curve’. Yet theories of language acquisition generally provide no coherent explanation for this gradual learning process. Radford (1990) proposes that early productions of a particular grammatical function item are only ‘imposters’, whereas Wexler and colleagues (e.g. Wexler, 1994) propose that the variable appearance of a particular grammatical function item is ‘optional’ (i.e., random). These syntactic approaches predict that, once children have the requisite syntactic and semantic knowledge/representations, they should be able to produce a given grammatical morpheme in all obligatory contexts. The purpose of this paper is to take issue with this view and suggest that the variable appearance of at least some grammatical function items is systematic and predictable. Specifically, I propose that the variability found in the production of some grammatical function morphemes is largely due to linguistic constraints on phonological/prosodic competence, where the first instances of a particular grammatical morpheme will appear in prosodically unmarked (prosodically licensed) contexts. I call this the Prosodic Licensing Hypothesis. Thus, although there may be interacting ‘performance’ factors (such as sentence length), I suggest that increasing competence with prosodic structure can account for much of the variability found in the production of some grammatical function items. If so, it is then possible to make predictions about the prosodic contexts in which grammatical morphemes will be most likely to appear, both within and across languages. This will also have significant implications for our understanding of syntactic competence, and for the design of syntactic experiments. In the following sections I briefly review the studies to date that show support for the Prosodic Licensing Hypothesis. I first focus on pre-nominal morphemes (especially determiners), and then turn to postverbal inflectional morphology, discussing how both can be accommodated in terms of the development of prosodic representations.
Comparative Study on Various Growth Performances of Korean Oge and White Leghorn Chickens

Genetic resource conservation of indigenous species is important to conserve terrestrial, aquatic and avian species throughout the world. The native Korean Oge (KO) chickens are important and protected indigenous avian species in Korea. This KO breed is very popular in Korea because of its external appearances of blackish color. The characterization of morphology and growth performances of KO were performed since 1980s, however the information is still not sufficient for breed selection. In this study, we compared various growth performances including body growth, tibia length, shank length, chest width, chest grith and length of tail feather between male and female chickens of KO and widely known White Leghorn (WL) breeds at 1 week, 2 weeks, 5 weeks, 10 weeks, and 24 weeks. We observed differences on various growth performances at different aged groups between KO and WL chickens. This study may help for the selection of chicken breeds based on age, body growth and meat production.
The diurnal variation in stratospheric ozone from the MACC reanalysis, the ERA-Interim reanalysis, WACCM and Earth observation data: characteristics and intercomparison

In this study we compare the diurnal variation in stratospheric ozone derived from free-running simulations of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) and from reanalysis data of the atmospheric service MACC (Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate) which both use a similar stratospheric chemistry module. We find good agreement between WACCM and the MACC reanalysis for the diurnal ozone variation in the high-latitude summer stratosphere based on photochemistry. In addition, we consult the ozone data product of the ERA-Interim reanalysis. The ERA-Interim reanalysis ozone system with its long-term ozone parametrization can not capture these diurnal variations in the upper stratosphere that are due to photochemistry. The good dynamics representations, however, reflects well dynamically induced ozone variations in the lower stratosphere. For the high-latitude winter stratosphere we describe a novel feature of diurnal variation in ozone where changes of up to 46.6% (3.3 ppmv) occur in monthly mean data. For this effect good agreement between the ERA-Interim reanalysis and the MACC reanalysis suggest quite similar diurnal advection processes of ozone. The free-running WACCM model seriously underestimates the role of diurnal advection processes at the polar vortex at the two tested resolutions. The intercomparison of the MACC reanalysis and the ERA-Interim reanalysis demonstrates how global reanalyses can benefit from a chemical representation held by a chemical transport model. The MACC reanalysis provides an unprecedented description of the dynamics and photochemistry of the diurnal variation of stratospheric ozone which is of high interest for ozone trend analysis and research on atmospheric tides. We confirm the diurnal variation in ozone at 5 hPa by observations of the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) experiment and selected sites of the Network for Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). The latter give valuable insight even to diurnal variation of ozone in the polar winter stratosphere.
The impact of sex-selective abortion technology on the evolution of postnatal gender-bias conventions *

A substantial body of research presents the absence of control on the family sex-composition as one of the main reasons for raising neglected young girls in context of rooted son preference. Therefore, one expects that egalitarian intra-family distributions of survival resources are more welcomed with the control of family sex-composition. In this paper, we model the (possible) relationship between the expansion in the use of the sex-selective abortion technology and the intra-family allocation of survival resources. The model allows us to find features of the environment that might prevent the expected trade-off between the acceptation of both behavioural traits: the control of the family sex-composition and the unequal allocation of survival resources.
Extractive Text Summarization Using Modified Weighing and Sentence Symmetric Feature Methods

Text Summarization is a process that converts the original text into summarized form without changing the meaning of its contents. It finds its usefulness in many areas when the time to go through a large content is limited. This paper presents a comparative evaluation of statistical methods in extractive text summarization. Top score method is taken to be the bench mark for evaluation. Modified weighing method and modified sentence symmetric feature method are implemented with additional characteristic features to achieve a better performance than the benchmark method. Thematic weight and emphasize weights are added to conventional weighing method and the process of weight updation in sentence symmetric method is also modified in this paper. After evaluating these three methods using the standard measures, modified weighing method is identified as the best method with 80% efficiency. Index Terms—Text summarization, Top Score Method, Weighing method, Sentence symmetric feature Method.
Insulin-like growth factor-I gene polymorphism and its association with growth and slaughter characteristics in broiler chickens

Insulin-like growth factor-I gene polymorphism and its association with growth and slaughter characteristics in broiler chickens Chicken insulin-like factor 1 gene (IGF1) is a biological candidate gene for the investigation of growth, body composition, and metabolic and skeletal traits, and is also a positional candidate gene for growth and fat deposition in chickens. Two broiler populations Ross 308 and Cobb 500 were used to study the relationship between IGF1 gene polymorphism and phenotypic traits. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was identified in 132 individuals using the PCR-RFLP technique. Genotypical frequencies were, for genotype AA: 0.83-0.86, and for AC: 0.14-0.17. Associations between IGF1 promotor polymorphism and liver weight (P≤0.05) and liver weight as a percentage of the weight of the poultry carcass with the giblets (P≤0.05), were found in the AC genotype in a comparison of broiler homozygous chickens AA in the Cobb 500 line. In these broilers, the breast muscle and leg muscle weight in the AC genotype were higher, and abdominal fat weight lower compared with AA genotype chickens, but these differences were not significant.
Co-digestion of waste activated sludge and silaged mix of chicken litter and fodder beet.

In order to determine the yield of methane in a Co-degradation study with different substrates. The study involved the following substrates : WAS only; WAS+silage 2:1; WAS+silage 1:1; WAS+silage 1:2. Studieed is the contents of the macro and micronutrient in the tested substrates and biogas yield after methane fermentation. It was found that major disadvantage of the BMP test is the fact that it does not provide short-term results because of it s duration, methane yield during a shorter period could be predicted by evaluating the reaction rate provided by the rate constant.
Coulomb excitations in AA- and AB-stacked bilayer graphites

The -electronic excitations are studied for the AAand AB-stacked bilayer graphites within the linear self-consistent-field approach. They are strongly affected by the stacking sequence, the interlayer atomic interactions, the interlayer Coulomb interactions, and the magnitude of the transferred momentum. However, they hardly depend on the direction of the transferred momentum and the temperature. There are three lowfrequency plasmon modes in the AA-stacked system but not the AB-stacked system. The AAand AB-stacked plasmons exhibit the similar plasmons. The first low-frequency plasmon behaves as an acoustic plasmon, and the others belong to optical plasmons. The bilayer graphites quite differ from the monolayer graphite and the AB-stacked bulk graphite, such as the low-frequency plasmons and the small-momentum plasmons.
3.1.2 Chirality-Selective Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube Gas sensor Using Spin-Column Chromatography and Dielectrophoresis

Carbon nanotube (CNT) gas sensors have received considerable attention because of their outstanding properties. The CNT sensor performance, however, has not been optimized because of the coexistence of CNTs with different electronic properties depending on their chirality. This study demonstrates a chirality-selective fabrication method of the CNT gas sensor using spin-column chromatography and dielectrophoresis (DEP). After passing through three spin-columns, pristine CNTs were separated into three fractions, which contained CNTs with different chiralities. The CNTs in each fraction were trapped on the microelectrodes by DEP to fabricate three CNT gas sensors. Comparison of these CNT gas sensor responses to NO2 gas revealed that the sensor response was dependent on the CNT chirality and could be improved by the chirality separation.
Defining a Cyber Jurisprudence

Jurisprudence is the science and philosophy or theory of the law. Cyber law is a very new concept and has had, compared with other, older, branches of the law, little structured study. However, we have entered the cyber age and the law - on all fronts - is struggling to keep pace with technological advances in cyberspace. This research explores a possible theory and philosophy of cyber law, and, indeed, whether it is feasible to develop and interpret a body of law that addresses current and emerging challenges in cyber space. While there is an expanding discussion of the nature of cyber law and its challenges, a significant body of scholarly contributions to the discussion is lacking. Focus, in the main, is on the practical aspects of cybercrime rather than the theory, philosophy and science of cyber law generally. We seek to define, as a contribution to the discussion, the jurisprudential aspects of thinking about cyber law. Specifically, we seek to develop a broad measuring stick that can be applied to cybercrime as well as to legal constructs outside of cybercrime (tort, contract, international, etc.). This paper sets the foundational starting point for the research in progress by establishing a context for cyber jurisprudence.
Operational Impact of QuikSCAT Winds at the NOAA Ocean Prediction Center

Abstract The NASA Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) has revolutionized the analysis and short-term forecasting of winds over the oceans at the NOAA Ocean Prediction Center (OPC). The success of QuikSCAT in OPC operations is due to the wide 1800-km swath width, large retrievable wind speed range (0 to in excess of 30 m s−1), ability to view QuikSCAT winds in a comprehensive form in operational workstations, and reliable near-real-time delivery of data. Prior to QuikSCAT, marine forecasters at the OPC made warning and forecast decisions over vast ocean areas based on a limited number of conventional observations or on the satellite presentation of a storm system. Today, QuikSCAT winds are a heavily used tool by OPC forecasters. Approximately 10% of all short-term wind warning decisions by the OPC are based on QuikSCAT winds. When QuikSCAT is available, 50%–68% of all weather features on OPC surface analyses are placed using QuikSCAT. QuikSCAT is the first remote sensing instrument that can consistently disting.
Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme by Rhazya stricta, Moringa peregrina and Achillea fragrantissima, used in traditional system of medicine in Arabian Peninsula: Implication in the management of hypertension

In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the popularity of medicinal plants derived from the traditional sources of knowledge. This is in congruence to the associated benefits of ease of accessibility and low cost of disease management. Additionally, most of the potent drugs being used currently for chronic diseases are derivatives of natural products. In the current study, the potential of hydro-alcoholic extracts of Rhazya stricta, Moringa peregrina and Achillea fragrantissima to inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) which is involved in the etiology of hypertension and cardiovascular disorders, were examined. The herbal derivatives of these plants have been used for a long time now, in traditional systems of various ethno-pharmacological cultures in Arabian Peninsula and worldwide. The study also evaluated the anti-oxidative properties of these extracts which are reflected by their ability to inhibit DPPH radicals. The phytochemical analysis which focused on the tannin contents of the three extracts demonstrated a direct proportionality between the tannin content and the ACE inhibition activity of the tested extracts in the order: R. stricta > M. peregrina > A. fragrantissima. The results partially support the use of these plants as nutraceuticals and warrant the need for further studies on isolation and characterization of the bioactive constituents of these plants that are responsible for the associated pharmacological property of inhibiting ACE. Key words: Medicinal plants, hypertension, angiotensin converting enzyme, oxidative stress.
Hypoxia in the Black Sea northwestern shelf: From eutrophication to climatic stressors.

The dynamics of seasonal hypoxia, which affects the Black Sea north-western shelf since the mid 1970's until present days, is investigated by means of a 3D biogeochemical model. Comparison of the model results with in -situ data reveals that the phenomenon may have been underestimated after the mid 1990's due to the distribution of observations. We investigate the mechanism of hypoxia at seasonal scale, and identify the main drivers of its interannual variability. While high nutrients discharge caused severe hypoxia in the 1980's, it was sustained in the 1990's by the pool of organic matter accumulated during the previous years in the sediments layer. With an increasing intensity, climatic stressors intensifies the response of hypoxia to nutrient discharge, and affect the seasonal dynamics of hypoxia by extending its temporal scale.
The environmental feature in consumer purchasing preferences: The case of Genetically Modified foods

Progress in Biotechnology (Gene Revolution) tends to be compared with that of the Green Revolution in the sixties and seventies. This process is developing in a context of increasing concern by the consumers for food safety and environmental conservation, stirring controversy in the scientific community and society about the potential benefits and possible risks of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). In this context, the purpose of the present study is to estimate consumer preferences in relation to genetically modified (GM) foods, emphasizing the relative importance of environmental attribute, to develop an understanding of the factors influencing consumer purchasing decisions.
Comparative geometry on plane and sphere : didactical impressions

Description of experiences in teaching comparative geometry for prospective teachers of primary schools. We focus on examples that refer to changes in our students’ thinking, in their mathematical knowledge and their learning and teaching attitudes. At the beginning, we expected from our students familiarity with the basics of the geographic coordinate system, such as North and South Poles, Equator, latitudes and longitudes. Spherical trigonometry was not dealt with in the whole project.
Cosmic mass and the electromagnetic & strong interactions

It seems thatquanta of the angular momentum and the strong interaction range both are connected with the large scale structure of the universe. In the expanding universe ‘quanta’ increases with increasing mass of the universe. By any chance if the noticed empirical relation is found to be true and valid, ‘rate of decrease in fine structure ratio’ is a measure of cosmic rate of expansion. Considering the integral nature of number of protons (of any nucleus), integral nature of ‘hbar’ can be understood.
An Examination of Service Brand Communications

It has long been recognized that marketing communications effects consumers' brand recall, brand choice, brand attitudes and purchase intentions. However, an important influence on the behavior of service consumers comes from communications that are essentially uncontrolled by the marketer. This study examines the role of marketer controlled and uncontrolled communications on aroused feelings and service brand attitudes. Data were gathered from retail store and bank customers related to specific service brands. The findings indicate that advertising has a significant effect on aroused feelings and brand attitudes, whereas WOM communications has a negative effect on brand attitudes.