Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Digital Economies in the Development and Growth in Asian Business Models

This chapter discusses the development of information and communication technology across Asian economies. Digital technology is the presentation of information in bits that emphasize digital technology which covers all business, financial, social, and cultural events that are supported by the web and other digital communication technologies. Technology has minimized the cost of storage, and flow of information. In the last 15 years, digital technology has affected human lives and the chapter examines how digital technology changes economic activity. There are three principal segments: e-business, ebusiness framework, and e-commerce. The digital economy is known as the web economy because of its dependence on the network. Modern technologies, cloud computing, mobile app, and social media influence the business landscape, reshaping the idea of work, boundaries of enterprises, and the obligations of business pioneers. Thus, the digital economy features the opportunity for organizations and people to execute existing tasks on the PC more frequently than before.
Additive effect on gas exchange of inhaled and intravenous almitrine bismesylate in the adult respiratory distress syndrome nitric oxide

Objective: To assess the additive effect of in- haled nitric oxide (NO) and intravenous almitrine bismesylate (ALM) on gas exchange. Design: Prospective self-controlled study. Setting: 3 medico-surgical intensive care units. Patients: 17 patients with severe hypoxemia (PaO2/FIO2 ratio: 88 _ 30 mmHg, venous admixture: 47_ 7~ and el- evated mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP: 30_+ 5 mmHg) due to adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Respiratory Health Effects of Fine Particles(PM 2.5 ) in Seoul

Numerous epidemiological studies have shown stronger associations between and both mortality and morbidity than . The association of with respiratory mortality was examined in Seoul, during the period of . Because data were available for only 10% of this time period, a prediction regression model was developed to estimate concentration. Death count due to respiratory-related diseases(total respiratory mortality; ICD-10, J00-J98) and death counts(cause-specific mortality) due to pneumonia(ICD-10, J12-J18), COPD(ICD-10, J40-J44) and asthma(ICD-10, J45-J46) were considered in this study. Averaged daily mortality was 5.6 for total respiratory mortality and 1.1 to 1.6 for cause-specific mortality. Generalized additive Poisson models controlling for confounders were used to evaluate the acute effects of particle exposures on total respiratory mortality and cause-specific mortality. An IQR increase in 5-day moving average of was associated with an 8.2%(95% CI: 4.5 to 12.1%) increase in total respiratory mortality The association of was stronger for the elderly (65 years old, 10.1%, 95% CI: 5.8 to 14.5%) and for males(8.9%, 95% CI: 2.1 to 11.3%). A increase in 5-day moving average of was strongly associated with total respiratory mortality in winter(9.5%, 95% CI: 6.6 to 12.4%), followed by spring(3.1%, 95% CI: -1.2 to 7.5%), which was a different pattern with the finding in North American cities. However, our results are generally consistent with those observed in recent epidemiological studies, and suggest that has a stronger effect on respiratory mortality in Seoul.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of a Natural Killer Cell Therapy in a Mouse Model of Prostate Cancer

ii Co-Authorship Statement. iii Acknowledgments. iv Table of Contents. vi List of Tables . x List of Figures . xi List of Appendices . xiii List of Symbols and Abbreviations. xiv Chapter 1. 1 1 Introduction . 1 1.1 The Immune System . 1 1.1.1 The Immune System and Cancer . 1 1.1.2 Immunosuppressive Environment of Tumours. 3 1.2 Cancer Immunotherapy. 3 1.3 Prostate Cancer . 4 1.3. 1 Mouse models of prostate cancer. 5 1.4 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). 6 1.4. 1 General MRI . 7 1.4. 2 Pulse Sequences . 9 1.4. 3 Balanced Steady State Free Precession Sequence (bSSFP). 11 1.4. 4 Contrast Agents. 14 1.5 Cellular Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 15 1.5. 1 Cell Labeling. 16
A forage-only diet and reduced high intensity training distance in standardbred horses

This thesis examined growth, health and performance in sixteen 1.5-3-year-old Standardbred horses fed a forage-only diet and trained to race as 3-year-olds in either a control training programme (C-group) or a training programme in which the high intensity training distance was reduced by 30% (R-group). Body condition, height, body weight, exercise heart rate (HR), veterinary treatments, health status, locomotion symmetry and days lost to training were recorded continuously. Lactate, haematocrit and HR response to a standardised exercise were measured, as was lactate threshold (VLa4). A muscle biopsy was taken yearly for each horse and analysed for glycogen content. A complementary study examined the effect of forage crude protein (CP) content on insulin response to feeding in six adult, conditioned Standardbred horses. All horses in the main study passed a preparation race, 94% qualified for races and 56% raced. Experimental horses raced to a similar extent and passed preparation and qualification races to a higher extent than their older siblings and horses of the same cohort. There was no difference between training groups with respect to race participation, post-exercise blood lactate or VLa4. R-group horses showed less pronounced cardiovascular response to training than C-group horses. There was no difference between the groups in clinical health examinations or locomotion asymmetry but R-group horses lost fewer days to training. Locomotion asymmetry in all horses increased after introduction of new speed training and high asymmetry was associated with later qualification for races. No cases of feed-related heath disorders occurred during normal management. The horses grew least as well as reported in the literature and body condition was maintained at a moderate level. Resting muscle glycogen content was within the range reported previously for concentrate-fed horses. In the study on adult horses, the CP content and the content of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) together explained more of the variation in insulin response to feeding than WSC content alone. It was concluded that a forage-only diet and reduced training distance can benefit health and poses no limitation to race participation, growth, body condition or muscle glycogen content in 3-year-old Standardbred horses.
Wine place research

Purpose Place is an important aspect of wine quality, contributing both distinct sensory characteristics and symbolic significance to the consumer’s experience, particularly in premium wine markets. The concepts of provenance and terroir, and the processes they describe, communicate meaning and significance along the value chain from wine production to consumption. This paper aims to clarify how these concepts are defined, how they contribute to premium wine value chains and how a greater understanding of these concepts by wine science researchers, and other actors, can enhance consumer value. Design/methodology/approach To address these aims, a conceptual framework is developed, which outlines the conditions needed to fulfil the wine/place experience through the value chain. This framework resulted from discussions within a team of researchers currently undertaking a large project into place distinctiveness in Pinot Noir wines in Australia. The refinement and exploration of the concept is grounded in a multidisciplinary literature review. Findings Through application of the framework, wine science researchers are advised to develop a knowledge co-production approach with other actors in the value chain. Doing so enables all actors to use evidence-based storytelling to enhance the role that place has in premium wine value and consumer experience. Originality/value Overall, this paper contributes to the conversation surrounding the value of terroir and provenance, particularly as they relate to premium wine in New World wine regions. The innovative framework is applicable for both business and wine science researchers, especially those with decision-making responsibility and associated with wine science research institutions, funding bodies, industry partnerships and consortia.
Older Wards and Their Guardians

Tables and Figures Acknowledgments Introduction Procedures Concerns about the Guardianship Process: A Review of the Literature Can You Spell "World" Backward? Assessing Incapacity in Guardianship Hearings Becoming a Ward: Characteristics of Wards and Their Guardians Pathways to Guardianship Themes of Meaning in the Guardianship Experience Role Strain of Male and Female Guardians: Tests of Two Models The Context of Guardianship Legislation in Selected States Guardianship Reform: Do Revised Statutes Make a Difference in Outcomes for Prospective Wards? Use of Recommended Guardianship Practices and Outcomes for Older Prospective Wards A Concluding Glimpse of Wards and Their Guardianships Appendix References Index
Desaceleração, indústria e demografia no Brasil: Uma investigação sobre a estagnação da economia brasileira

Brazil has shown a notable reduction in its growth rates since the 1980s. Several studies that evaluate the long-term behavior of the Brazilian economy produce factors such as labor that explain the growth of economies. Curiously, the active economic population doubled in the period in question, and the Brazilian economy showed low growth rates. The hypothesis of this article is that a structural change in the labor market, caused by demographic expansion, is one of the causes of the stagnation of economic growth, since the generation of jobs in the service sector, whose returns of scale are decreasing, the employment generated in the manufacturing sector. The estimates made by OLS and GMM in time series show that, in general, the effects of industrial employment on output are on average two to three times higher than the employment generated in services.
High Strength Concrete Tests under Elevated Temperature

In recent years, application of high strength concrete (HSC) has attracted increasing interest in the construction industry due to its significant economic, architectural, and structural advantages, compared to the conventional normal strength concrete (NSC). However, under fire condition, which is one of the most common hazards that attack building structures, HSC members may be subjected to explosive spalling. Strength reduction of structural members may occur, leading to severe consequences such as failure of members or even collapse of the whole structure. A newly designed 2layered cylindrical specimen consisting of an HSC core and an NSC outer layer is proposed to improve the fire performance of HSC members under elevated temperature. The NSC layer is designed to act as an outer layer insulation to reduce the thermal gradient and also serve as a lateral confinement to prevent the HSC core from spalling. Compression and thermal tests were performed on the specimens to investigate their strength and behavior under elevated temperature. Test results preliminarily verify the feasibility of 2-layered design and at the same time provide insights for the applicability of 2-layered columns in practical construction projects.
Evaluation de la sexualité et de la fonction érectile des patients candidats à une prostatectomie radicale

Objectifs: Evaluer la sexualite et la fonction erectile des candidats a une prostatectomie radicale (PR) pour juger de la place que doit prendre la preservation des bandelettes neuro-vasculaires (PBN) dans la discussion pre-operatoire Materiel et Methodes: De juin 2004 a janvier 2005, 75 patients consecutifs candidats a une prostatectomie radicale ont ete evalues de maniere prospective. Leur fonction erectile et leur sexualite ont ete evaluees apres annonce du diagnostic. Les patients ont rempli le questionnaire IIEF (index international de la fonction erectile), le questionnaire EQS (echelle de qualite de l'erection) et le test de satisfaction de la sexualite TSS. La moyenne d'âge des patients etait de 65 ans, 50% avaient moins de 65 ans. Resultats: Il existait une dysfonction erectile selon l'echelle IIEF-5 dans 64% des cas (43% des patients de moins de 65 ans et 84% pour les plus de 65 ans). La dysfonction erectile etait consideree comme severe chez 5% des patients jeunes contre 34% des patients de plus de 65 ans. La majorite des patients (69%) avait une activite sexuelle avec plus de 2 rapports par mois. Seulement 31% des patients de moins de 65 ans et 8% des patients plus âges consideraient leurs erections tres satisfaisantes selon le questionnaire EQS. Malgre cette dysfonction erectile frequente chez les personnes de plus de 65 ans, la satisfaction concernant leur sexualite n'etait pas influencee par la dysfonction erectile. A l'oppose, chez les patients de moins de 65 ans, la dysfonction erectile alterait nettement le score de satisfaction TSS (score de satisfaction de la sexualite). Conclusion: La dysfonction erectile etait presente chez une grande proportion de patients candidats a une prostatectomie radicale. Parmi les patients âges de plus de 65 ans, l'existence d'une dysfonction erectile ne modifiait pas la satisfaction concernant leur sexualite. Afin de selectionner les patients pouvant beneficier d'une chirurgie preservatrice des erections, il semble preferable d'effectuer un interrogatoire fin concernant leur sexualite. Le choix d'une preservation nerveuse sera benefique chez le patient jeune auquel la satisfaction de la sexualite est dependante de la fonction erectile. Chez la personne plus âgee, une dysfonction erectile peut etre presente sans alterer la satisfaction sexuelle.
The relationship between the ownership structure of banks and their financial performance: empirical research for Turkey

The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of the ownership structures of banks on their financial performance. The quarterly data of the 13 banks listed on the Istanbul Stock Exchange (BIST) were used for the period from 2005 to 2017. In the study, return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), Tobin's Q ratio (TOBIN), earnings per share (EPS) and the price/earnings ratio (P/E) were used for the financial performance indicators. Family ownership, corporate ownership, managerial ownership, foreign ownership, the largest shareholder's ownership, the ownership of the three largest shareholders, and the free-float rate were selected as the independent variables for the study. The leverage ratio, the total assets and the age of the banks were benefited from as the control variables. There are five models formed to analyze the relationship between the variables, and a regression analysis was carried out. The analyses point out the fact that the ownership structures of the banks have an effect on their financial performance. Besides, the results obtained by these analyses are suggested to be coherent for the agency theory as one of the fundamental theories of this subject.
Offshoring and Firm Overlap: Welfare Effects with Non‐Sharp Selection into Offshoring

Using German establishment data, we provide evidence for selection of larger, more productive producers into offshoring. However, the selection is not sharp, and offshoring and nonoffshoring producers coexist over a wide range of the revenue distribution. To explain this overlap, we set up a model of offshoring, in which we decouple offshoring status from revenues through heterogeneity in two technology parameters. In an empirical analysis, we employ German establishment data to estimate key parameters of the model and show that disregarding the overlap has large quantitative effects. It lowers the estimated gains from offshoring by almost 50% and, at the same time, exaggerates the role of the extensive margin for explaining the evolution of German offshoring since the 1990s.
Cooperatives Confront Capitalism: Challenging the Neoliberal Economy

In his latest book, Cooperatives Confront Capitalism, Peter Ranis provides a comprehensive and powerful set of arguments as to why states and citizens should embrace worker co‐operatives to create more equal societies, and to strengthen local communities and regional economies. The publication makes a compelling case for workers to embrace co‐operatives to control their work environments, rather than selling their labour in return for a wage while working in capitalist firms.
Results-Based Monitoring and Evaluation and Knowledge Management Approaches in Government to Government Partnerships: The Case of the Shandong and WCG Partnership

: Government to Government (G2G) partnerships between countries in the BRICS partnerships have significantly increased and with it, the need for more effective evidence-based decision-making. In this process, improved M&E and KM has become prominent. In this context, the study investigated the need for Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E), as well as knowledge management (KM) systems in partnerships. This study focused on the development management aspects of such partnerships and the article is based on research information obtained through the PhD study by Dr Ivy Chen as well as updated research perspectives. The article concluded that a need existed to establish more advanced M&E and KM systems in G2G partnerships. The Readiness Assessment conducted regarding M&E showed that a need existed for Results-Based M&E that can be used to ensure evidence-based decision-making in the G2G partnerships. The Readiness Assessment showed that a definite need existed for Communities of Practice (COPs) beyond the formal meetings and that professionals and practitioners on both sides needed to exchange explicit and implicit knowledge. A need also existed for improved ICTs based- systems including dedicated portals where policy documentation, programme information and data, as well as M&E results, can be loaded and shared by Governments.
Frequency and Clinical Relevance of TEL-AML1 Fusion Gene in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Egypt

TEL-AML1 fusion gene, resulting from 12; 21 chromosomal translocation, is believed to be the most common molecular genetic abnormality in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This study has been conducted to investigate the frequency of this fusion gene in Egyptian children suffering from ALL and to point out the different laboratory and clinical features associated with this anomaly, as well as the response of positive cases to therapy. The status of TEL-AML1 fusion gene was determined by the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) in 81 children with ALL, 69 newly diagnosed and 12 in relapse. Of the newly diagnosed cases, 7 were positive for TEL-AML1 fusion gene (10.14% of all ALL cases studied, 11.67% of precursor B ALL), as well as three out of the 12 cases (25% g all ALL cases, 30% of BCP - ALL) in relapse. All positive cases belonged to the precursor Blineage, showed an age peak between 3 and 6 years, had non-hyperdiploid DNA content and no CNS infiltration. Most of the positive cases had total leukocytic counts below 50 x 109/l, myeloid marker co-expression and good response to induction therapy. In conclusion, TEL-AML1 fusion gene identifies a subset of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia associated with a number of clinical and laboratory markers of good prognosis and should thus be included in routine molecular workup of acute leukemias to confirm its impact on clinical outcome and to design suitable therapeutic regimens.
The Cost of Repetition in South Africa

An almost unnoticed problem in the South African education system is the high rate of grade repetition. In this report, a combination of household and administrative datasets is used to identify patterns in learner repetition and dropout in South African schooling and the costs associated with these issues. According to the most conservative estimate, the number of learners in public schools repeating in grades 1 to 12 could have been 1 180 000. In monetary terms, this implies that the cost of having repeaters in the public education system was at least R20 billion (in 2018 prices), absorbing 8% of the total national budget allocated to basic education in 2018/2019. At least a half of these repetition costs is attributed to the high prevalence of repetition in the secondary school phase, with the largest number of repeaters located in grade 10 (at least 1 in every 5 grade 10 learners repeat). Despite the promulgation of repetition policy that limits the number of times learners can repeat a school phase, repetition trends in the past decade display a strong inertia, especially in higher grades. To monitor these trends better, and to track the implementation of these policies, significant improvements will need to be made to the quality of reporting on repeaters and dropout in EMIS data. While repetition is a problem, it is merely a symptom of a weakly functioning education system. The repetition debate is thus secondary to the need to address the quality of the education provided in our schools, and particularly in the foundation phase. Quality improvements will also make it easier to implement sensible policies on repetition and to provide remediation and support where these are needed. Moreover, by freeing resources currently needed to deal with repetition, improved education quality would also make remediation more feasible.
Multifactor heart failure in the elderly: a proposal for cooperative research

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a clinical syndrome as a common pathway at the end stage of cardiac diseases of different etiologies, and it is currently the only cardiovascular disease with an increasing prevalence in the developed countries. In the United States, the prevalence of CHF at age 50 years is 1.0%, whereas it reaches 7.5% at age 80years. In the United Kingdom, the prevalence of CHF is5.0% at age 60-70 years, and 10-20% at age 80 years. The situation is similar in Italy and Portugal. Despite being a developing country in Asia, China has experienced rapid progress in acquiring medical knowledge and advancing techniques in recent years. Due to the markedly declined mortality of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) as well as the aging of Chinese population, about four million Chinese have CHF with a prevalence of 0.9%, most of whom are 60 years of age and older. ……