Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microspectrometrical Analysis of Ozone Delignification from Wood Cell Walls

Delignification from the cell walls with ozone using thin sections of a softwood, Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa Endl.) was examined by UV- and visible-light (VL) microspectrometry coupled with the Wiesner reaction. The VL- and UV-absorption spectra revealed that delignification from the cell walls with ozone increases with increasing ozonization time and proceeds from the lumen toward the middle lamella within the secondary wall of a cell. The secondary wall of tracheids were ozonized faster than the middle lamella of cell corners. This may be due to a difference in the lignin content between both tissues. In addition, there might be a difference in the longitudinal and transverse permeabilities of ozone within the secondary wall of tracheids. The results obtained here revealed that VL-microspectrometry coupled with the Wiesner reaction is useful for the analysis of lignin content in the cell walls.
Characterization of radiated emissions from power electronic devices : synthesis of an equivalent model from near-field measurement

The paper presents an efficient methodology to characterize electromagnetic disturbances radiated from power electronic devices. The approach is based on the substitution of an equivalent set of elemental magnetic dipoles for the real system; this set radiates the same near-field. The cartography of the magnetic field obtained with a measurement bench gives these dipoles. The moments of the dipoles are determined through a root mean squared procedure; this procedure fits the measured field to the theoretical field over a closed surface surrounding the device under test. The viability of the approach is demonstrated on two circuit boards. The first one is a canonical configuration involving two solenoidal inductors. The second one is a practical power electronic converter. Comparisons between numerical and experimental magnetic field distributions underline the ability of the equivalent model.
Synthesis, characterization, and x-ray molecular structures of mono- and dinuclear copper complexes with 2,7-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,8-naphthyridine

Le complexe monomere de Cu(I) cristallise dans le groupe P2 1 /n. L'environnement du cuivre est un tetraedre distordu forme par 2 P et 2 N provenant du fragment bipyridyl. Le coordinat n'est pas plan. Le dimere cristallise dans le groupe P2 1 /m. L'environnement de chaque Cu est une pyramide a base carree. 1 Cl pontant occupe le sommet. 1 Cl, 1 O pontant et 2 N occupent la base
A hybrid micro-nano-molecular route for nonvolatile memories

A hybrid architecture of integrated circuits is expectedly able to overcome the serious difficulties encountered in the scaling down of conventional CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) circuits. In this architecture a silicon-based CMOS circuit controls a nanoscopic crossbar structure, in turn hosting at each cross-point a collection of functional molecules able to mimic by themselves the behaviour of a flash memory cell. The hybrid architecture, however, poses several problems: the set-up of an economically sustainable technology for the preparation of 1011 cross-points cm−2; the demultiplexing of the addressing lines to allow their linkage to the microelectronic circuit; the grafting of the functional molecules to those cross-points via batch processing; and the design, synthesis and electrical characterization of the functional molecules, which have been identified as the most important ones. This work is devoted to discussing which practical solutions can be adopted for the large-scale production of hybrid circuits on the 0.1 Tbit integration scale.
Elution order of quercetin glycosides from apple pomace extracts on a new HPLC stationary phase with hydrophilic endcapping

A stationary phase with hydrophilic endcapping was used for the separation of seven quercetin (Q) glycosides by high-performance liquid chromatography. The elution order was established as Q 3-rutinoside, Q 3-galactoside, Q 3-glucoside, Q 3-xyloside, Q 3-arabinopyranoside, Q 3-arabinofuranoside, and Q 3-rhamnoside. Since a recent study had revealed that a commercially available reference compound (Q 3-arap) was erroneously labeled as avicularin (Q 3-araf), standards of the two isomers of Q 3-ara were characterized by 1 D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and by optical rotation. The predominant Q glycosides detected in apple pomace were Q 3-gal, Q 3-araf, Q 3-rha and Q 3-xyl, whereas considerably lower amounts of Q 3-glc and Q 3-arap were found. Total content of Q glycosides was approximately 900 mg/kg on a dry matter basis, indicating that apple pomace is a good source of natural antioxidants.
Droplet Size in Two‐Phase Liquid Dispersed Pipeline Flows

Few experimental data exists on drop size distribution during dispersed liquid-liquid pipeline flows. In the majority of cases dilute dispersions have been used and the results have mainly been compared with models for drop breakup. A review of this work shows that the Rosin-Rammler distribution represents satisfactorily the existing experimental data. However, the commonly used Hinze model (Hinze, 1955) often underpredicts the experimentally found maximum drop sizes. Later models, many of which are developments of the Hinze one, are also unable to predict the resulting maximum drop size for a wide range of experimental conditions. A more comprehensive database is needed for the further development and refinement of theoretical models.
Extraction of natural dyes for textile dyeing from coloured plant wastes released from the food and beverage industry

The food and beverage industry releases considerable amounts of wastes which contain natural dyes. Such wastes could serve as a sources for the extraction of natural dyes for textile-dyeing operations. The extraction of brilliant yellow and red colours from fruits and vegetables is of particular interest. Wastes, e.g. pressed berries, pressed grapes, distillation residues from strong liquor production, and wastes and peels from vegetable processing, have been extracted with boiling water and test dyeings on wool yarn were performed. Colour strength, shade and fastness properties of the dyeings have been tested. The extracts were applied as direct dyes and in the presence of iron(II) or alum mordants. The results prove the potential of such wastes as a source for natural dyestuff extraction. To obtain textile dyeings with acceptable fastness properties, however, rigorous selection of dyes and development of suited processes is required. A considerable number of red natural dyes need further research to optimise the low level of fastness to light. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Phase and Optical Characterizations of Annealed SnO Thin Films and Their p-Type TFT Application

Amorphous SnO thin films were prepared on quartz and 190 nm SiO2/Si(001) substrates by electron beam evaporation. X-ray diffraction results reveal that amorphous SnO transforms into polycrystalline alpha-SnO (tetragonal litharge structure) after rapid thermal annealing in Ar ambient at 350-400 degrees C and starts decomposing into o-SnO2 (orthorhombic structure) with the expulsion of Sn atoms at 450-500 degrees C. The optical properties were characterized via spectroscopic ellipsometry. The polycrystalline SnO thin films have a higher refractive index n and a narrower bandgap E-g than the amorphous ones, which is due to the polarizability enhancement in the crystallization process. Moreover, the relationship between n and Eg of the amorphous and polycrystalline SnO thin films can be explained by the "Moss rule" law, and a decreasing trend in n was verified with the transformation from SnO to SnO2. Bottom-gate-type thin film transistors (TFTs) employing polycrystalline SnO channels on the SiO2/Si(001) substrates exhibit p-type field-effect transistor characteristics. The optimum field-effect mobilities mu(sat) and mu(lin) are 0.46 and 0.87 cm(2) V-1 s(-1), respectively, which are the same order of magnitude as those reported for epitaxial SnO TFTs. (C) 2010 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3385390] All rights reserved.
α,α-Trehalose/Water Solutions. 5. Hydration and Viscosity in Dilute and Semidilute Disaccharide Solutions

We report viscosity and compressibility measurements of trehalose, maltose, and sucrose aqueous solutions at different concentration and temperature values. What emerges from the concentration dependence of viscosity and compressibility is that trehalose, in comparison to maltose and sucrose, shows a higher interaction strength with water, which gives rise to a greater value of the hydration number throughout the investigated temperature range. Furthermore, viscosity measurements reveal that at high concentration values, trehalose shows a “stronger” kinetic character than the other disaccharides, namely, a lower structural sensitivity to temperature changes in the investigated temperature range. This result could explain the greater cryptobiotic attitude of trehalose at high concentrations. The present work, which consists of quantifying experimentally the basic hydration behavior and solution structure of the investigated disaccharides as a function of concentration and temperature, allows the working hy.
MICROEMULSION SYSTEMS WITH A NONIONIC COSURFACTANT

ABSTRACT The conditions to obtain W/0 microemulsions using ionic surfactants and a nonionic cosurfactant, a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, were investigated. The length of the polyoxyethylene chain was critical to obtain the typical water solubilization maximum The variation of the W/0 microemulsion region with hydrocarbon content was different from that of the usual type of microemulsions having a medium chain length alcohol as cosurfactant. In the present systems the W/0 microemulsion region was not a direct continuation of the inverse micellar area at zero content of hydrocarbon. Addition of hydrocarbon was necessary for the formation of inverse micelles The microemulsion regions were sensitive to the kind of hydrocarbon used; a sign of the importance of the nonionic surfactant for the stability of this kind of microemulsions.
High-pressure phase transformation in LiFeGe2O6 pyroxene

Abstract A synthetic pyroxene with composition LiFeGe2O6 and space group P21/c at ambient conditions was investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction using a diamond anvil cell. The unit-cell parameters and crystal structure were determined at eight different pressures up to 8.7 GPa. Between 4.16 and 4.83 GPa, the sample shows a strongly first-order phase transition as indicated by a drastic drop in a, c, β, and unit-cell volume. The transition is marked by the disappearance of b-type reflections (h + k = odd) forbidden in a C-centered lattice. The volume bulk modulus of the P21/c phase is estimated to be 110 GPa as compared to 147 GPa of the C2/c one. The crystal structure evolution as a function of pressure is mainly influenced by the kinking of tetrahedral chains; the A and B non-symmetry equivalent chains of the P21/c phase undergo strong deformations up to 4.16 GPa (A chain ~2%, B chain ~5.3%). At the transition, the two chains become symmetry equivalent and the single tetrahedral chain of the C2/c phase shows only minor deformations with pressure (~1.9%) due to its already strong kinking (~130°). Such behavior is the main reason for the strong difference in compressibility between the low- and high-symmetry forms.
Working mechanism of a high temperature (200°C) synthetic cement retarder and its interaction with an AMPS®‐based fluid loss polymer in oil well cement

A copolymer comprising of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS®) and itaconic acid (molar ratio 1 : 0.32) was synthesized by aqueous free radical polymerization and probed as high temperature retarder for oil well cement. Characteristic properties of the copolymer including molar masses (Mw and Mn), polydispersity index and anionic charge amount were determined. The copolymer possesses a Mw of ∼ 2 × 105 g/mol and is highly anionic. HT/HP consistometer tests confirmed effectiveness of the retarder at temperatures up to 200°C. The working mechanism of NaAMPS®-co-itaconic acid was found to rely exclusively on its huge calcium binding capacity (5 g calcium/g copolymer). It reduces the amount of freely dissolved, nonbound calcium ions present in cement pore solution and thus hinders the growth of cement hydrates because of lack of calcium. The value for the calcium binding capability is 46 times higher than the stoichiometric amount per COO− functionality. Consequently, calcium also coordinates to other donor atoms present in the retarder. NaAMPS®-co-itaconic acid also adsorbs onto cement, as was evidenced by TOC analysis of cement filtrates, zeta potential measurement and decreased rheology of cement pastes. However, adsorption plays no role in the retarding mechanism of this copolymer. Combination of NaAMPS®-co-itaconic acid retarder with a common CaAMPS®-co-NNDMA fluid loss additive (FLA) revealed that competitive adsorption on cement between these two admixtures occurs. The retarder fills interstitial adsorption sites on cement located between those occupied by the larger FLA molecules. In consequence, fewer amounts of CaAMPS®-co-NNDMA can adsorb and its effectiveness is reduced. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
New Analytical Techniques for the Detection of BSE and other TSEs

Abstract This review discusses new methods for detecting BSE and other TSE prions. A number of different analytical techniques have been applied in the past few years. New immunoassays (as well as new antibodies), an improved Western blot, CE-based methods, and a Raman-based method are some of the analytical techniques reviewed. In addition, methods to increase the concentration of prions and some cautionary notes are presented in this review.
Porous Silica Nanocapsules and Nanospheres: Dynamic Self-Assembly Synthesis and Application in Controlled Release

In this work, porous silica nanocapsules and silica nanospheres have been successfully fabricated by a novel combination of stabilizing condensation and dynamic self-assembly. When ethyl ether was used as a cosolvent, porous silica nanocapsules were obtained. In contrast, when 2-ethoxyethanol was used, silica porous nanospheres were produced. The silica nanostructures were characterized by small-angle X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption−desorption measurements. They had high Brunauer−Emmett−Teller specific surface areas and large pore volumes. The order of their pore structures increased with an increase of the corresponding cosolvent. In situ encapsulation of organic molecules into silica nanocapsules and their controlled release were further investigated by using pyrene as a typical example. As many dyes, drugs, etc. are organic molecules, the current approaches will doubtlessly open many possibilities.
The white clover enod40 gene family. Expression patterns of two types of genes indicate a role in vascular function. [Erratum: Sept 2002, v. 130 (1), p. 514.]

Enod40 is one of the genes associated with legume nodule development and has a putative role in general plant organogenesis. We have isolated a small enod40 gene family from white clover (Trifolium repens), with three genes designated Trenod40-1, Trenod40-2, and Trenod40-3, all containing the conserved enod40 regions I and II. Trenod40-1 and Trenod40-2 share over 90% homology in the transcribed regions and high levels of similarity in their upstream regulatory sequences. Trenod40-1 and Trenod40-2 are similar to the enod40 genes of legumes forming indeterminate nodules (group II) and are predominantly expressed in nodules. Trenod40-3 shares only 32.8% identity with Trenod40-1 and Trenod40-2 within the transcribed region. Trenod40-3 is similar to the enod40 genes of legumes with determinate nodules (group I) and is not predominantly expressed in nodules. To our knowledge, this is the first report of both group I- and group II-type enod40 genes being expressed in a single legume species. In situ hybridization studies revealed that Trenod40 genes were highly expressed in non-symbiotic tissues, particularly in stolon nodes during nodal root and lateral shoot development. High levels of Trenod40 transcripts were also present in the vascular bundles of mature plant organs, mainly at sites of intensive lateral transport, suggesting a role in vascular tissue function. The expression pattern of Trenod40 genes was analyzed further using Trenod40 promoter-gus fusions in transgenic white clover and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), indicating that white clover and tobacco share the regulatory mechanisms for Trenod40-1/2 promoters and some aspects of Trenod40-3 regulation.
The hydroquinone terpenoids of Cordia elaeagnoides

Five new geranyl-hydroquinone derived compounds [(2), (6), (11), (12), (15)] have been isolated from the ether extract of Cordia elaeagnoides(Boraginacae) heartwood and characterized. The structural character of the compounds adds information to expand the earlier proposed biogenetic pathway for the geranyl-hydroquinone and geranyl-benzoquinones in Cordia.
u parameters for the wurtzite structure of ZnS and ZnO using powder neutron diffraction

ZnS cristallise dans P6 3 mc avec a=8227 et c=6,2607 A, Z=2; affinement jusqu'a R=0,017. ZnO cristallise dans P6 3 mc avec a=3,2501 et c=5,2071 A, Z=2 affinement jusau'a R=0,012. Les atomes Zn occupent la position speciale 2(b) avec les coordonnees 1/3, 2/3, Os et O occupent egalement la position speciale 2(b) avec les coordonnees 1/3, 2/3, u. Pour ZnS, u=0,3748 et pour ZnO, u=0,3817. Dans les deux cas, u et c/a se conforment a la correlation comme entre ces parametres
High performance wire‐array silicon solar cells

Nano/micro‐wire silicon solar cells, consisting of wire‐arrays of radial p–n junction structures, are expected to offer performance enhancement at lower costs, using smaller volumes of low carrier lifetime, cheaper silicon. Using inexpensive microsphere‐lithography‐based fabrication that is scalable to large areas, we have demonstrated wire‐array solar cells that outperform the control cell. Key to the design of these cells is the impact of various parameters, such as wire diameter and junction depth, that influences the competing effects of light trapping ability of the wire‐array, quantum efficiency, and series resistance of the resulting device. Using capacitance measurements we can identify two possible types of junction structure in a wire‐array solar cell: radial and planar. We show that the former is the prerequisite for performance‐enhancing wire‐array solar cells. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of release from microcapsules upon mechanical deformation with AFM

We present a novel method combining fluorescence microscopy with AFM force spectroscopy to investigate release of encapsulated materials from polyelectrolyte multilayer capsules upon mechanical deformations. The experimental approach allows independent measurement of release and plastic deformation thresholds. Our results reveal a well defined critical load upon which release takes place and let us correlate release with the onset of plastic deformations.
Measurement of the Elastic Constants and Effective Surface Anchoring Energy for a Smectic C Liquid Crystal

Abstract Optical extinction angle spectra of a pyrimidine smectic c material in the surface stabilised geometry have been measured as a function of applied ac electric field and temperature. The results were fitted using a model which assumes uniformly tilted layers either side of a infinitely anchored cheyron interface. The model presented uses the free energy expression of Leslie et. al.1 to calculate the liquid crystal c-director profile through the cell and Jones calculus to determine the associated optical properties. With no applied voltage this gives a structure very similar to a triangular director profile2. An applied ac voltage couples to the dielectric biaxiality causing director reorientation in the bulk of the cell. At increased voltages an excellent fit is obtained by allowing movement of the director at the surface. This surface movement is described by inclusion of finite surface anchoring in the model. The fits give the c-director bend (B1) and splay (B2) elastic constants and the effecti.
A PPV/MCM-41 Composite Material

Preparation of the conjugated polymer poly(1,4-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) inside the channels of the mesoporous silica MCM-41 is described. Polymerization was initiated inside the channels by deprotonated surface hydroxy groups. Presence of PPV was observed by infrared, absorption, and luminescence spectroscopy. A pore size reduction of 0.3 nm was seen in the composite material by nitrogen physisorption. A polymer mass content of 8% indicated the presence of approximately 3−6 polymer chains in each pore. Electron energy-loss spectroscopy of the composite revealed plasmon losses associated with the π-electron system on PPV. Energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy showed that the polymer was evenly distributed throughout the composite material through mapping of the π-electron plasmon losses.
Method for Determining the Kinetic Parameters in Diffusion-Controlled Free-Radical Homopolymerizations

Free-radical homopolymerizations of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (DEGDMA) photoinitiated by 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA) were studied. A nove.
Dyeing plants screening: an approach to combine past heritage and present development

The paper reports an investigation of the colouring properties of 43 dyeing plants chosen for their widespread use in previous centuries. Colorimetric analysis showed that the principal colours on different fabric supports were yellow and mostly unsaturated. The nature of the support fibres investigated, protein- or cellulose-based, was shown to play an important role in the perceived colours. Phytochemical analysis confirmed that yellow-orange shades could be attributed to flavonoids and that red colours were due to anthraquinones. Colours from plants that contain anthocyanins varied from blue-violet through reddish depending on the structure of the anthocyanins in the individual plants. Colour fastness was determined by applying standard test methods. Fastness to light appeared to be inadequate for industrial applications for most samples, but it seems that this could be improved by certain molecular associations. On the other hand, colour fastness to water was satisfactory.
Preparative Separation of Tripdiolide from Chinese Traditional Herb by Multidimensional CCC

Abstract Multidimensional countercurrent chromatography (CCC) was used for isolation and purification of tripdiolide from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. with a pair of two‐phase solvent systems composed of n‐hexane‐dichloromethane‐methanol‐water (3∶22∶17∶8, v/v/v/v) and chloroform‐methanol‐water (4∶3∶2, v/v/v), both of which were selected by analytical high‐speed CCC. About 1 g of crude extract was separated using two preparative units of the HSCCC centrifuge, yielding 7.8 mg (0.78% w/w) of tripdiolide with a purity over 98%.