Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Calretinin‐containing Mossy Cells Survive Excitotoxic Insult in the Gerbil Dentate Gyrus. Comparison of Excitotoxicity‐induced Neuropathological Changes in the Gerbil and Rat

Our preliminary results showed that mossy fibres do not undergo sprouting after global ischaemia in gerbils, although the pattern of hippocampal cell damage resembled that seen in ischaemic and epileptic rats, where mossy fibre sprouting is known to occur. In order to investigate whether the observed differences in the appearance of mossy fibre sprouting are related to the animal model or species used, this study was undertaken to compare the neuropathological changes induced in gerbils by systemic injection of kainate or by occlusion of carotid arteries with the changes induced in rats by injection of kainate. The pattern of pyramidal cell damage was very similar in each group. Mossy fibre sprouting was present in epileptic rats but not in ischaemic or epileptic gerbils. The number of somatostatin‐immunoreactive neurons was decreased in the hilus of epileptic rats and ischaemic gerbils, but not in epileptic gerbils. The analysis of calretinin immunoreactivity in the dentate gyrus revealed differences between the rat and gerbil. The most striking difference between these species was that the mossy cells contained calretinin in gerbils but not in rats. Cell counting showed that the calretinin‐containing mossy cells had survived both in epileptic and ischaemic gerbils. Therefore, since the mossy cells are known to be highly susceptible to excitotoxic insult in rats and degeneration of these cells is thought to be a key element in the induction of mossy fibre sprouting, we propose that the absence of mossy fibre sprouting in gerbils is related to the survival of the mossy cells.
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma in South and Central America and the Caribbean: systematic search and review

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is caused by the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) which is endemic in countries of Caribbean and Central and South America. We performed a systematic search and review to identify publications on ATL in these countries to verify if this disease was getting recognition in these regions as well as the characteristics of the observed cases. The median age of 49.4 years was lower than that referred to in Japan. According to our findings in most Brazilian states and in some other countries, ATL is not being recognized and should be strongly considered in the differential diagnosis of T-cell leukemias/lymphomas. Failure to identify these cases may be due to the unsystematic realization of serology for HTLV-1 and phenotypic identification of non-Hodgkin lymphomas that may result from lack of resources. Detection of ATL cases has been more feasible with cooperation from foreign research centers. A huge effort should be made to improve the surveillance system for ATL diagnosis in most of the South- and Central-American and Caribbean countries, and this attitude should be embraced by public organs to support health professionals in this important task.
Regulation of PCP by the Fat signaling pathway

Planar cell polarity (PCP) in epithelia is essential for numerous developmental events and physiological functions. One distinct signaling module involving the atypical cadherins Fat and Dachsous and the ectokinase Four-jointed appears to link the direction of cell polarization to the tissue axes. This review by Matis and Axelrod discusses the existing models for the function of this signaling module and points out the remaining mysteries.
Meshing Roundtable , IMR 26 , 18-21 September 2017 , Barcelona , Spain Robust and e ffi cient validation of the linear hexahedral element

Checking mesh validity is a mandatory step before doing any finite element analysis. If checking the validity of tetrahedra is trivial, checking the validity of hexahedral elements is far from being obvious. In this paper, a method that robustly and efficiently compute the validity of standard linear hexahedral elements is presented. This method is a significant improvement of a previous work on the validity of curvilinear elements [1]. The new implementation is simple and computationally efficient. The key of the algorithm is still to compute Bézier coefficients of the Jacobian determinant. We show that only 20 Jacobian determinants are necessary to compute the 27 Bézier coefficients. Those 20 Jacobians can be efficiently computed by calculating the volume of 20 tetrahedra. The new implementation is able to check the validity of about 6 million hexahedra per second on one core of a personal computer. Through the paper, all the necessary information is provided that allow to easily reproduce the results, i.e. write a simple code that takes the coordinates of 8 points as input and outputs the validity of the hexahedron. c © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 26th International Meshing Roundtable.
Ground state of the Fermi gas on 2D lattices with a magnetic field

The energy of 2D Bloch electrons in a magnetic field is studied as a function of the filling fractions ν and the magnetic flux φ. Using a new semi-classical quantization method the total energy E(φ,ν) is calculated and shown to have an absolute minimum which corresponds to one flux quantum per particle. This optimal flux phenomenon is shown to occur under large conditions and for different lattices. An explicit cusp-like behavior of E vs. φ at fixed ν is found both for the absolute and for the relative minima of E. Furthermore, the ground state energy is shown to be a smooth function of ν. The implications of our results for the stabilization of Anyons and the flux states are discussed On etudie l'energie des electrons de Bloch sous champ magnetique en fonction du flux magnetique φ et du taux de remplissage ν. On calcule l'energie totale E (φ,ν) a l'aide d'une nouvelle methode de quantification semi-classique. Le minimum absolu est atteint pour un choix optimal d'un quantum de flux par particule. Ce phenomene se produit pour differents reseaux et sous des conditions assez generales. Pour ν fixe, l'energie est une ligne brisee en fonction de φ. Toutefois, l'energie du fondamental est une fonction reguliere de ν. Les implications de ces resultats pour la stabilisation des Anyons et les phases de flux sont discutees
Internet-Based Social Reporting in Emerging Economies: Insights from Public Banks in Egypt and the UAE

This chapter examines how public banks operating in Egypt and the UAE respond to stakeholders’ needs. It uses content analysis to explore the volume, nature, and quality of social information presented on the websites of these banks and the way in which these banks use web technology to report such information. The results indicate that public banks in both countries made more disclosures about corporate social responsibility (CSR) and community issues. Nevertheless, they lag behind stakeholders’ expectations in regard to information about employees and cultural issues. Furthermore, the UAE banks tend to offer better stakeholders access to social information than Egyptian banks. However, both have a long way to go in better facilitating interaction with stakeholders. There is evidence to suggest that social reporting by public banks’ in both countries is still below the expectations of the Muslim and global communities.
Prevention of thermal induced aggregation of cytochrome c at isoelectric pH values by polyanions

Differential scanning calorimetry, viscometry, optical and CD spectroscopy were used to characterize the influence of two polyanions, poly(vinylsulfate) (PVS), and poly(4‐styrene‐sulfonate) (PSS) on thermal transition reversibility of ferricytochrome c at or near isoelectric pH. In these conditions, both PVS and PSS enhance the thermal transition reversibility of cytochrome c by preventing the aggregation of denatured protein molecules. Data indicate that the polyanions are in complex with cytochrome c that is stabilized by synergistic effect of Coulombic and non‐Coulombic interactions. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Effects of the Implementation of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act on Audit Quality: An Examination of Financial Restatements

This study examines how audit quality has changed since the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) passed. First, this research includes information about the accounting profession over the past century. A literature review that considers audit quality and restatements along with the correlation between the two is also included in this paper. Additionally, this paper includes a study that analyzes audit quality based on financial restatements from 1993-2013. The study concludes that substantive quantitative evidence does not exist to indicate that audit quality has improved since SOX passed over ten years ago and addresses implications for various groups of stakeholders.
What outcome after the prescription of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in lung cancer?

Background The treatment of patients with locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer is controversial. Surgery remains the gold standard, even in this group. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy could allow surgical resection in patients initially judged inoperable. Methods From January 2009 to May 2010, neoadjuvant chemotherapy was indicated in 27 patients with NSCLC (25 men, 2 women). Their mean age was 65 years. The stages were: IIB in 5, IIIA in 17 (6 in stage IIIAN2), IIIB in 2, and IV in 3. Results 23 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 2 refused induction treatment, and 2 had impaired status. The neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen was gemcitabine-cisplatin in 17 patients and vinorelbine-cisplatin in 6. Only 5 patients underwent complete surgical treatment after induction: 1 in stage IIB, 1 in stage IIIAN0, 1 in IIIB, and 2 in stage IV (1 operated brain metastasis, and 1 operated adrenal metastasis). Surgical treatment was not achieved after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in 18 patients because of progressive disease. Conclusion Neoadjuvant chemotherapy offers several potential benefits, but it may delay surgery or eliminate eligibility as a surgical candidate. Rigorous patient selection for this type of multimodal treatment is essential.
MULTI-AGENT CO-ORDINATION AND CONTROL USING STUDY OF SOFTWARE AGENT

This paper presents design of operational transconductance amplifier is to amplify the ECG signal having low frequency of 300Hz, with the supply voltage of 0.8v. To reduce the power dissipation of 779nW, by using fifth order low pass filter. The OTA-C filter is to eliminate noise voltage and increases the reliability of the system. A chip is fabricated in a 0. 18µm CMOS process is simulated and measured to validate the system performance using HSPICE.
Economic impact of wind integration on Primary Frequency Response

In order to have a reliable and secure power system, frequency stability should be guaranteed. Primary Frequency Response (PFR) is used to arrest the frequency deviation upon a contingency. The significant penetration of wind generation in power grids has negative effect on the PFR, as the contribution of wind machines to the total system inertia is low and classical wind turbines do not have PFR capabilities. This study uses two metrics of frequency control, ROCOF and frequency Nadir to analyze the cost increase for maintaining adequacy in the presence of wind power. The Nordic 32-A test grid, representing the Swedish grid is used as case study on which the method is applied.
Capital Allocation in Indian Business Groups. Who Benefits, Who Loses?

The within-group reallocation of capital is a crucial feature in theories of business groups. We analyze the functioning of internal capital markets in Indian business groups by comparing the affiliated companies' investment behavior to that of stand-alone peers. Moreover, we construct measures of the efficiency of the within-group reallocation of funds. We find that reallocation is substantial, but that it is not efficient in general. ICM efficiency turns out to be decreasing in the diversity of the investment opportunities. Moreover, the allocation of capital is affected by the controlling shareholder's incentives to tunnel funds to firms in which he owns a large stake. However, tunneling does not necessarily lead to expropriation of minority shareholders, as it may improve the efficiency of the allocation.
Investigating the Effects of Dividends Pay-out on Stock Prices and Traded Equity Volumes of BSE Listed Firms

The main objective of this study is to examine the effect of dividend pay-out on the prices of stock in Botswana’s equity market as well as the effect of traded volumes of such stocks. Other objectives of the research are to determine the optimal pay-out ratio based on the profits of the firm and to determine the optimal time to declare and pay dividends. We use quota-sampling technique and selected 5 companies from the 22 domestic listed companies in the Botswana Stock Exchange. The companies under consideration are Barclay Bank, RDCP, Chobe, Engen and Sefalana Plcs. These companies are chosen based on the availability of daily closing trading information for the past five years and easiness to get information to use for our study that includes dividends pay-outs, profits made, volumes traded, etc. The result of this study reveals that there is a direct relationship between dividend announcement, ex-dividends, dividend pay-out ratio and volume of stock traded and the stock price in Botswana. Furthermore, the study concludes that there is a direct relationship between change in dividends and change in dividend per share. Lastly, the finding reveals that most of the companies sampled pay dividends between December and March. We recommend that companies should have an optimal dividend policy as this have been proven to increase firm value. We also recommend that firms should announce dividends around December to March to counter the end of year effect that usually suppresses stock prices.
Cost-Weighted Boosting with Jittering and Over / Under-Sampling : JOUS-Boost

Most binary classifiers such as AdaBoost assume equal cost of misclassifying the two classes or, equivalently, classifying at the 1/2 quantile of conditional class probabilities. We approach the problem of unequal costs of misclassification or, equivalently, classification at quantiles other than 1/2, with the well-known practice of over/undersampling of the two classes. An algorithm which combines jittering of the data with over/under-sampling, called JOUS-Boost, is presented which is simple yet successful and preserves advantages such as relative protection against overfitting at arbitrary quantile boundaries and hence for arbitrary misclassification costs. We use collections of classifiers obtained from a grid of quantiles to form estimators of class probabilities. The estimated class probabilities are compared to those obtained by applying a link function to
Model-based control of strip temperature for the heating furnace in continuous annealing

Presents the model of the heating furnace in continuous annealing processes for use in design of self-tuning control systems. A simplified mathematical model is derived from first principles. The model parameters are recursively estimated with an algorithm called recursive parameter estimation with a vector-type variable forgetting factor (REVVF). The REVVF algorithm was developed for such cases where some knowledge on parameter variability can be obtained beforehand. The control system of strip temperature presented here is hierarchical. The upper level is called "optimal preview control", which performs preset control. It previews the approaching setup change, which is the change of strip size or reference temperature, and optimizes the line speed and the strip temperature trajectory. Next, the lower level is called "temperature tracking control", which performs closed-loop control using the above trajectory as the control target. At this level, the generalized pole-placement self-tuning control was first employed; and later, the generalized predictive self-tuning control was introduced. These control methods were applied with some practical modifications and with the above mentioned REVVF. The control has been working successfully in several real plants.
A new cluster head assignment algorithm for low energy clustering communication protocols in wireless sensor network

One of the most important issues in wireless sensor network is the energy efficiency of the clustering communication protocols. In clustering communication the more cluster heads are assigned, the more energy is consumed between the cluster heads and the base stations. On the other hand, if we select a small number of cluster heads, the data aggregations increase and so does the total distance between the cluster heads and the others. Obviously, the energy consumption will then increase. In this paper, we focus on the assignment of cluster heads in clustering communication protocols such that the energy consumption of a wireless sensor network is minimized and the lifetime of the network is maximized. In the proposed cluster heads assignment algorithm, an optimal number of nodes which have higher residual energy level are assigned in a round. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. It is shown that that the lifetime of sensor network using this algorithm is longer than the existing methods.
ARTENOLIS: Automated Reproducibility and Testing Environment for Licensed Software

Motivation: Automatically testing changes to code is an essential feature of continuous integration. For open-source code, without licensed dependencies, a variety of continuous integration services exist. The COnstraint-Based Reconstruction and Analysis (COBRA) Toolbox is a suite of open-source code for computational modelling with dependencies on licensed software. A novel automated framework of continuous integration in a semi-licensed environment is required for the development of the COBRA Toolbox and related tools of the COBRA community. Results: ARTENOLIS is a general-purpose infrastructure software application that implements continuous integration for open-source software with licensed dependencies. It uses a master-slave framework, tests code on multiple operating systems, and multiple versions of licensed software dependencies. ARTENOLIS ensures the stability, integrity, and cross-platform compatibility of code in the COBRA Toolbox and related tools. Availability and Implementation: The continuous integration server, core of the reproducibility and testing infrastructure, can be freely accessed under artenolis.lcsb. uni.lu. The continuous integration framework code is located in the /. ci directory and at the root of the repository freely available under github.com/opencobra/cobratoolbox.
Adaptive beam-width control of echolocation sounds by CF–FM bats, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum nippon, during prey-capture flight

SUMMARY The echolocation sounds of Japanese CF–FM bats (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum nippon) were measured while the bats pursued a moth (Goniocraspidum pryeri) in a flight chamber. Using a 31-channel microphone array system, we investigated how CF–FM bats adjust pulse direction and beam width according to prey position. During the search and approach phases, the horizontal and vertical beam widths were ±22±5 and ±13±5 deg, respectively. When bats entered the terminal phase approximately 1 m from a moth, distinctive evasive flight by G. pryeri was sometimes observed. Simultaneously, the bats broadened the beam widths of some emissions in both the horizontal (44% of emitted echolocation pulses) and vertical planes (71%). The expanded beam widths were ±36±7 deg (horizontal) and ±30±9 deg (vertical). When moths began evasive flight, the tracking accuracy decreased compared with that during the approach phase. However, in 97% of emissions during the terminal phase, the beam width was wider than the misalignment (the angular difference between the pulse and target directions). These findings indicate that bats actively adjust their beam width to retain the moving target within a spatial echolocation window during the final capture stages.
Regulation of cyclic and linear electron flow in higher plants

Cyclic electron flow is increasingly recognized as being essential in plant growth, generating a pH gradient across thylakoid membrane (ΔpH) that contributes to ATP synthesis and triggers the protective process of nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) under stress conditions. Here, we report experiments demonstrating the importance of that ΔpH in protecting plants from stress and relating to the regulation of cyclic relative to linear flow. In leaves infiltrated with low concentrations of nigericin, which dissipates the ΔpH without significantly affecting the potential gradient, thereby maintaining ATP synthesis, the extent of NPQ was markedly lower, reflecting the lower ΔpH. At the same time, the photosystem (PS) I primary donor P700 was largely reduced in the light, in contrast to control conditions where increasing light progressively oxidized P700, due to down-regulation of the cytochrome bf complex. Illumination of nigericin-infiltrated leaves resulted in photoinhibition of PSII but also, more markedly, of PSI. Plants lacking ferredoxin (Fd) NADP oxidoreductase (FNR) or the polypeptide proton gradient regulation 5 (PGR5) also show reduction of P700 in the light and increased sensitivity to PSI photoinhibition, demonstrating that the regulation of the cytochrome bf complex (cyt bf) is essential for protection of PSI from light stress. The formation of a ΔpH is concluded to be essential to that regulation, with cyclic electron flow playing a vital, previously poorly appreciated role in this protective process. Examination of cyclic electron flow in plants with a reduced content of FNR shows that these antisense plants are less able to maintain a steady rate of this pathway. This reduction is suggested to reflect a change in the distribution of FNR from cyclic to linear flow, likely reflecting the formation or disassembly of FNR–cytochrome bf complex.
The Role of Culture in Developing Disruptive Innovation in Domestic Firms

National culture influences how people perceive the world, and subsequently, what actions they take. Research has shown that this also follows in the actions taken by firms that reside in those national cultures. The actions identified in this paper look at domestic firms’ pursuit of disruptive innovation. Disruptive innovations are unique types of innovation that require different thinking from the firm. We discuss the two ways a firm can pursue disruption and how culture might affect that pursuit. Specifically, Hofstede’s (1980) five cultural dimensions of uncertainty avoidance, power distance, long-term orientation, individualism, and masculinity will provide a guiding light on the values needed for a firm to develop disruptive innovations. Additionally, it will be further argued of the coexistence of disruptive business models and the opportunities of the bottom of the pyramid markets. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-3966-9.ch014
Structure Determination and Luminescent Property Studies of the Single Crystal Na 3 Sm ( BO 3 ) 2

Sodium samarium borate Na3Sm(BO3)2, was prepared by a flux method and structurally characterized by single-crystal structure analysis for the first time. The results show that it crystallizes in the monoclinic system P21/n, with a = 6.5667(3) Å, b = 8.7675(4) Å, c = 10.1850(5), β = 90.86◦, V = 586.32(5) Å3 and Z = 4. The structure contains NaO7, NaO6, NaO5, SmO8, and BO3 units, which are interconnected via corneror edge-sharing O atoms into a three-dimensional structure. The excitation spectra, emission spectra, decay time, and Commission International de l’Éclairage (CIE) chromaticity index of Na3Sm(BO3)2 were studied. Under near light excitation (406 nm), the powdered Na3Sm(BO3)2 shows the orange-red emission, which originates from the G5/2→H9/2 and G5/2→H7/2 transformation of Sm3+ ion.