Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of triplet migration in films of N, N′-diphenyl-N, N′-bis(1-naphthyl)-1, 1′-biphenyl-4, 4′′-diamine

We study triplet migration properties in NPB (N, N′-diphenyl-N, N′-bis(1-naphthyl)-1, 1′-biphenyl-4, 4′′-diamine) films using time resolved gated spectroscopy and dispersive migration theory as our main tools of analysis. We show that in NPB, a well-known hole transporter in organic light emitting diodes, at high excitation densities triplet migration follows two regimes—a dispersive non-equilibrium regime (distinguished by exciton energetical relaxation within the distribution of hopping sites and as a consequence the hopping frequency being time dependent) that evolves into a second, non-dispersive equilibrium regime. Further, we observe a third region, which we term acceleration. From the turning over time between dispersive and non-dispersive dynamics, we deduce the width of the triplet density of states (DOS). We observe how the DOS variance changes when one decreases the thickness of the NPB film and note how surface effects are becoming important. Furthermore, the DOS variance of NPB changes when another organic layer is evaporated on top, namely Ir(piq)3 (tris(1-phenylisoquinoline)iridium(III)). We believe that these changes are due to the different polarizable media in contact with the NPB film, either vacuum or Ir(piq)3. We also show in this paper that the triplet level when time approaches zero is much higher in energy than the relaxed triplet levels, as quoted in most published papers; these values are thus incorrect for NPB. Lastly, it is possible that even at room temperature, the dispersive regime might be important for triplet migration at high initial triplet concentrations and might affect the diffusion length of triplets to a certain extent. However, more experimentation needs to be performed in order to address this question. Overall, we have characterized the triplet migration dynamics of NPB fully and shown that it agrees with previously published observations for other organic semiconductors and theoretical considerations.
Fluctuations of cytoskeleton-bound microbeads—the effect of bead–receptor binding dynamics

The cytoskeleton (CSK) of living cells is a crosslinked fiber network, subject to ongoing biochemical remodeling processes that can be visualized by tracking the spontaneous motion of CSK-bound microbeads. The bead motion is characterized by anomalous diffusion with a power-law time evolution of the mean square displacement (MSD), and can be described as a stochastic transport process with apparent diffusivity D and power-law exponent β: MSD ∼ D (t/t0)β. Here we studied whether D and β change with the time that has passed after the initial bead–cell contact, and whether they are sensitive to bead coating (fibronectin, integrin antibodies, poly-L-lysine, albumin) and bead size (0.5–4.5 µm). The measurements are interpreted in the framework of a simple model that describes the bead as an overdamped particle coupled to the fluctuating CSK network by an elastic spring. The viscous damping coefficient characterizes the degree of bead internalization into the cell, and the spring constant characterizes the strength of the binding of the bead to the CSK. The model predicts distinctive signatures of the MSD that change with time as the bead couples more tightly to the CSK and becomes internalized. Experimental data show that the transition from the unbound to the tightly bound state occurs in an all-or-nothing manner. The time point of this transition shows considerable variability between individual cells (2–30 min) and depends on the bead size and bead coating. On average, this transition occurs later for smaller beads and beads coated with ligands that trigger the formation of adhesion complexes (fibronectin, integrin antibodies). Once the bead is linked to the CSK, however, the ligand type and bead size have little effect on the MSD. On longer timescales of several hours after bead addition, smaller beads are internalized into the cell more readily, leading to characteristic changes in the MSD that are consistent with increased viscous damping by the cytoplasm and reduced binding strength.
Detection of oral bacterial DNA in synovial fluid.

OBJECTIVES As periodontal bacteria might be involved in the aetiology of rheumatic diseases, we analysed synovial fluid obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and controls for the presence of DNA of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola. METHODS In all, 42 patients suffering from RA (mean age 53.8 ± 16.7 years, 40.4% females) and 114 controls with no rheumatic diseases (mean age 56.1 ± 15.2 years, 52.4% females) were included. DNA from synovial fluid was isolated by QiaAmp kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). Polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) specific for the 16S rRNA genes of the above specified bacteria were developed. Subgingival bacterial colonization was analysed using micro-Ident(®) test (HAIN-Diagnostik, Nehren, Germany). RESULTS In patients with RA DNA of P. gingivalis was detected in synovial fluid more often than in controls (15.7% versus 3.5%, p = 0.045). More patients than controls harboured DNA from P. gingivalis in both, oral plaque and synovial fluid (11.9% versus. 0.9%, p = 0.030). Among the patients group the number of missing teeth was correlated with the number of joints with movement restrictions caused by RA. CONCLUSIONS DNA of periodontopathogens can be found in synovial fluid and oral bacteria may play a role in the pathogenesis of arthritis.
Peri-implant versus periodontal wound healing.

AIM Peri-implant gingival healing following one-stage implant placement was investigated and compared to periodontal healing. METHODS Healing at surgical sites [implant (I) and adjacent teeth (T+)] was compared to non-operated tooth (T-) in non-smokers receiving one-stage implant. Periodontal Indices (PI, GI) were recorded at surgery and up to 12 weeks post-operatively. Peri-implant (PICF) and gingival crevicular fluids (GCF) were analysed for cytokines, collagenases and inhibitors. Data were analysed by linear mixed model regression analysis and repeated measures anova. RESULTS Forty patients (22 females; 21-74 years old) completed the study. Surgical site GI, increased at week 1, decreased significantly during early healing (weeks 1-3; p = 0.0003) and continually decreased during late healing (weeks 6-12) for I (p < 0.01). PICF volume decreased threefold by week 12 (p = 0.0003). IL-6, IL-8, MIP-1β and TIMP-1 levels significantly increased at surgical sites at week one, significantly decreasing thereafter (p < 0.016). Week one IL-6, IL-8 and MIP-1β levels were ~threefold higher and TIMP-1 levels 63% higher, at I compared to T+ (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Peri-implant gingival healing, as determined by crevicular fluid molecular composition, differs from periodontal healing. The observed differences suggest that peri-implant tissues, compared to periodontal tissues, represent a higher pro-inflammatory state.
Essential neuro-linguistic programming in dentistry

Neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) is an approach that recognizes how your brain (neuro) receives and interprets information, and your language (linguistic) patterns spoken, and how this influences and controls (programming) your behaviours. Christine Macleavy discusses NLP's application in dentistry
Progression of attachment loss is strongly associated with presence of the JP2 genotype of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: a prospective cohort study of a young adolescent population.

AIM To assess the progression of attachment loss (AL) during a 2-year period according to the presence of JP2 and non-JP2 genotypes of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in a Ghanaian adolescent population. METHODS A total of 500 adolescents (mean age 13.2 years, SD ± 1.5) were enrolled in the study. After 2 years, 397 (79.4%) returned for a periodontal re-examination, including the measurement of AL. The carrier status of the JP2 and non-JP2 genotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans was evaluated in a baseline examination 2 years earlier. RESULTS Individuals who carried the JP2 genotype of A. actinomycetemcomitans had a significantly increased risk [relative risk (RR) = 7.3] of developing AL ≥ 3 mm. The mean AL at the follow-up and the mean 2-year progression of AL were significantly higher in the JP2 genotype-positive group (n = 38) compared with the group positive for the non-JP2 genotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans (n = 169), and the group of A. actinomycetemcomitans-negative individuals (n = 190). The JP2 genotype was strongly associated with the progression of AL ≥ 3 mm (OR = 14.3). The non-JP2 genotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans were also, however, less pronounced, associated with the progression of AL ≥ 3 mm (OR = 3.4). CONCLUSION The JP2 genotype of A. actinomycetemcomitans is strongly associated with the progression of AL.
Association between periodontitis and preeclampsia in never-smokers: a prospective study.

AIM The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the relationship between periodontitis and preeclampsia in never-smokers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pregnant women were recruited at 21 to 24 weeks of gestation from March 2009 to June 2013. Information on demographics, health behaviours, obstetric history, and systemic diseases that can influence periodontal status and preeclampsia was collected. Full-mouth periodontal probing was performed by two trained examiners. The inter-examiner Kappa value was 0.822 for clinical attachment loss (CAL). Periodontitis was defined as clinical periodontal attachment loss (CAL) of 4.0 mm or greater on 2 or more sites not on the same tooth. Information on the occurrence of preeclampsia was collected by five obstetricians. RESULTS We studied a total of 283 subjects, comprised of 67 subjects with periodontitis and 216 subjects without periodontitis. Of these, 13 (4.6%) women were diagnosed with preeclampsia. After adjusting for all confounders, the adjusted odds ratio of periodontitis for preeclampsia was 5.56 (95% confidence interval of 1.49-20.71). CONCLUSIONS There was a significant relationship between periodontitis and the occurrence of preeclampsia among never-smokers.
Peri-implant health and disease. A systematic review of current epidemiology.

BACKGROUND To develop preventive strategies addressing peri-implant diseases, a thorough understanding of the epidemiology is required. AIM The aim was to systematically assess the scientific literature in order to evaluate the prevalence, extent and severity of peri-implant diseases. MATERIAL & METHODS Data were extracted from identified studies. Meta-analyses for prevalence of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis were performed. The effect of function time and disease definition on the prevalence of peri-implantitis was evaluated by meta-regression analyses. Data on extent and severity of peri-implant diseases were estimated if not directly reported. RESULTS Fifteen articles describing 11 studies were included. Case definitions for mucositis and peri-implantitis varied. The prevalence of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis ranged from 19 to 65% and from 1 to 47%, respectively. Meta-analyses estimated weighted mean prevalences of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis of 43% (CI: 32-54%) and 22% (CI: 14-30%), respectively. The meta-regression showed a positive relationship between prevalence of peri-implantitis and function time and a negative relationship between prevalence of peri-implantitis and threshold for bone loss. Extent and severity of peri-implant diseases were rarely reported. CONCLUSION Future studies on the epidemiology of peri-implant diseases should consider (i) applying consistent case definitions and (ii) assessing random patient samples of adequate size and function time.
Primary and secondary prevention of periodontal and peri-implant diseases: Introduction to, and objectives of the 11th European Workshop on Periodontology consensus conference.

BACKGROUND Periodontitis prevalence remains high. Peri-implantitis is an emerging public health issue. Such a high burden of disease and its social, oral and systemic consequences are compelling reasons for increased attention towards prevention for individuals, professionals and public health officials. METHODS Sixteen systematic reviews and meta-reviews formed the basis for workshop discussions. Deliberations resulted in four consensus reports. RESULTS This workshop calls for renewed emphasis on the prevention of periodontitis and peri-implantitis. A critical element is the recognition that prevention needs to be tailored to the individual's needs through diagnosis and risk profiling. Discussions identified critical aspects that may help in the large-scale implementation of preventive programs: (i) a need to communicate to the public the critical importance of gingival bleeding as an early sign of disease, (ii) the need for universal implementation of periodontal screening by the oral health care team, (iii) the role of the oral health team in health promotion and primary and secondary prevention, (iv) understanding the limitations of self-medication with oral health care products without a diagnosis of the underlying condition, and (v) access to appropriate and effective professional preventive care. CONCLUSIONS The workshop provided specific recommendations for individuals, the oral health team and public health officials. Their implementation in different countries requires adaptation to respective specific national oral health care models.
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as an alternative to systemic antibiotics: results from a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical study on type 2 diabetics.

AIM This double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study compared multiple applications of the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) treatment protocol, to systemic doxycycline as adjuvant to scaling and root planing (SRP) on type 2 diabetic patients on clinical, systemic and immune-inflammatory outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty patients with Hba1c >7% were allocated in two groups, SRP + Doxy (n = 15) using systemic doxycycline 100 mg/day (14 days) and SRP + aPDT (n = 15) with multiple applications (0, 3, 7 and 14 days). Primary outcome was glycated haemoglobin levels (HbA1c). Clinical parameters: plaque score (PS), bleeding on probe, probing depth, suppuration, gingival recession, and clinical attachment level, percentage of pockets with desired clinical endpoint were measured at baseline and 3 months after therapy. Cytokine profile was assessed at 0, 1 and 3 month to measure IL1-β, TNF-α and TGF-β on gingival crevicular fluid. RESULTS No significant difference was detected on HbA1c, between treatments. The SRP + aPDT group showed advantage on reducing moderate pockets in single-rooted teeth at 3 months. SRP + aPDT presented better results at 3 months on IL1-β levels. There were no significant differences between TNF-α and TGF-β. CONCLUSIONS Both treatments improved clinical and systemic outcomes (Hba1c). SRP + aPDT performed better in moderate probing pocket depth on single-rooted teeth, reduced favourably inflammation in short term, and may be an alternative to systemic antibiotics. (Clinicaltrials.org ID NCT01595594).
The use of endothelial progenitor cells combined with barrier membrane for the reconstruction of peri-implant osseous defects: an animal experimental study.

BACKGROUND The aim of this research was to study the efficacy of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) with ß tri-calcium phosphate (β-TCP) and barrier in the treatment of experimental peri-implantitis. METHODS Thirty implants were placed in five American foxhounds. Following osseointegration, ligature-induced peri-implantitis was initiated. EPC were isolated from peripheral blood. Two months later, open flap debridement was performed and implants' surface was decontaminated with 24% EDTA. The sites were grafted with β-TCP and collagen membrane (β-TCP group) or β-TCP loaded with EPC and covered with membrane (EPC group) or left un-grafted (OFD group). At 3 months, animals were killed and specimens sent for histomorphometric and micro-CT analysis. Bone height and %BIC served as primary and secondary outcomes. RESULTS EPC group showed shorter distance to first BIC (3.29 ± 0.69 mm) compared to 4.2 ± 0.92 mm (β-TCP) and 3.82 ± 0.73 mm (OFD). Mean histological BIC was 2-3 folds higher in the EPC group (17.65 ± 3.3%) compared with OFD (7.55 ± 2.24%, p = 0.01) and β-TCP (5.68 ± 2.91%, p = 0.05). BIC greater than 25% was found only in the EPC group. The distance between the implant shoulder to 1st BIC was 2.51 ± 0.7 mm (lingual sites) compared to 3.64 ± 0.8 mm for buccal sites (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION β-TCP loaded with EPC and covered with a membrane-enhanced bone formation around previously contaminated dental implants in an experimental peri-implantitis canine model.
Extended DFT + U + V method with on-site and inter-site electronic interactions

In this paper we introduce a generalization of the popular DFT + U method based on the extended Hubbard model that includes on-site and inter-site electronic interactions. The novel corrective Hamiltonian is designed to study systems for which electrons are not completely localized on atomic states (according to the general scheme of Mott localization) and hybridization between orbitals from different sites plays an important role. The application of the extended functional to archetypal Mott-charge-transfer (NiO) and covalently bonded insulators (Si and GaAs) demonstrates its accuracy and versatility and the possibility to obtain a unifying and equally accurate description for a broad range of very diverse systems.
Increased β1 Integrin Is Associated with Decreased Survival in Invasive Breast Cancer

Aberrant microenvironments and loss of balance in cell-extracellular matrix signaling are associated with breast cancer invasion, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. We have recently shown that increased β1 integrin signaling is involved in malignant progression and that inhibitory antibody to β1 integrin leads to selective apoptosis and decreased proliferation in three-dimensional cultures and in xenograft models of breast cancer in vivo. To investigate the clinical importance of these findings, in the present study we examined the expression of β1 integrin and extracellular β1 integrin ligands fibronectin and laminin-1 in a cohort of 249 breast cancer patients who had a median follow-up of 8.4 years. Among the 149 scorable cases, the highest β1 integrin intensity score (3+ versus 0–2+) was associated with significantly decreased 10-year overall survival of 48% versus 71% (P
THE TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS WITH INSULIN

The recent isolation by Banting and his co-workers of an active glycolytic, nontoxic, pancreatic extract opens up a new era in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Ever since the classical experiment of Mering and Minkowsky proved the existence of pancreatic diabetes, frequent attempts at specific pancreatic therapy have been made. These attempts in the past have been uniformly unsuccessful and now possess little but historical interest. The isolation of insulin, which is described as the active hormone of the islands of Langerhans, has excited unusual interest among both physiologists and clinicians. Allen 1 has written an excellent summary of all articles published on this subject up to August, 1922, and enables one to trace step by step the various phases in the development of this important discovery. A more recent article by Banting, Campbell and Fletcher 2 describes the results obtained from the use of this preparation, in patients suffering
Dimensional psychopathology in preschool offspring of parents with bipolar disorder.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to compare the dimensional psychopathology, as ascertained by parental report, in preschool offspring of parents with bipolar disorder (BP) and offspring of community control parents. METHODS 122 preschool offspring (mean age 3.3 years) of 84 parents with BP, with 102 offspring of 65 control parents (36 healthy, 29 with non-BP psychopathology), were evaluated using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), the CBCL-Dysregulation Profile (CBCL-DP), the Early Childhood Inventory (ECI-4), and the Emotionality Activity Sociability (EAS) survey. Teachers' Report Forms (TRF) were available for 51 preschoolers. RESULTS After adjusting for confounders, offspring of parents with BP showed higher scores in the CBCL total, externalizing, somatic, sleep, aggressive, and CBCL-DP subscales; the ECI-4 sleep problem scale; and the EAS total and emotionality scale. The proportion of offspring with CBCL T-scores ≥ 2 SD above the norm was significantly higher on most CBCL subscales and the CBCL-DP in offspring of parents with BP compared to offspring of controls even after excluding offspring with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and/or oppositional defiant disorder. Compared to offspring of parents with BP-I, offspring of parents with BP-II showed significantly higher scores in total and most CBCL subscales, the ECI-4 anxiety and sleep scales and the EAS emotionality scale. For both groups of parents, there were significant correlations between CBCL and TRF scores (r = .32-.38, p-values ≤.02). CONCLUSIONS Independent of categorical axis-I psychopathology and other demographic or clinical factors in both biological parents, preschool offspring of parents with BP have significantly greater aggression, mood dysregulation, sleep disturbances, and somatic complaints compared to offspring of control parents. Interventions to target these symptoms are warranted.
Predicting young adult outcome among more and less cognitively able individuals with autism spectrum disorders.

BACKGROUND The range of outcomes for young adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and the early childhood factors associated with this diversity have implications for clinicians and scientists. METHODS This prospective study provided a unique opportunity to predict outcome 17 years later for a relatively large sample of children diagnosed with ASD at 2 years old. Diagnostic and psychometric instruments were administered between 2 and 19 with data from 2, 3, and 19 included in this study. Clinicians administered tests without knowledge of previous assessments whenever possible. Caregivers provided additional information through questionnaires. RESULTS Significant intellectual disabilities at 19 were predicted by age 2 about 85% of the time from VIQ and NVIQ scores together, though prediction of young adult outcome for youths with average or higher intelligence was more complex. By 19, 9% of participants had largely overcome core difficulties associated with ASD and no longer retained a diagnosis. These youths with Very Positive Outcomes were more likely to have participated in treatment and had a greater reduction in repetitive behaviors between age 2 and 3 compared to other Cognitively Able youths (VIQ ≥70) with ASD. Very Positive Outcome youths did not differ phenotypically from Cognitively Able ASD individuals at 2 but both groups differed from Cognitively Less Able individuals (VIQ <70). CONCLUSION Those most at risk for intellectual disabilities and ASD can be reliably identified at an early age to receive comprehensive treatment. Findings also suggest that some cognitively able children with ASD who participate in early intervention have very positive outcomes, although replication with randomized, larger samples is needed. In order to improve understanding of very positive outcomes in ASD, future research will need to identify how variations in child characteristics and environmental factors contribute to the nature and timing of growth across individuals and areas of development.