Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The gonality conjecture for curves on toric surfaces with two P 1 -fibrations

The gonality is an important invariant for the study of linear systems on a curve. Although it is not so easy to determine the gonality of a given curve, the gonality conjecture posed by Green and Lazarsfeld predicts that the gonality could be read off from the minimal resolution of any one line bundle of sufficiently large degree. In this paper, we consider this conjecture for a curve embedded in a toric surface which has two P 1 -fibrations by toric morphisms, and prove it affirmatively under several conditions.
Topology Optimization and Structure Partition for Additive Manufacturing: A Literature Review

With the development of additive manufacturing (AM), the constraints associated with traditional subtractive manufacturing have been largely alleviated. The improved design freedom due to the nature of additive manufacturing, which fabricates objects on a layer-by-layer basis, allows the manufacturing of parts of almost any shape theoretically. Apart from Design for Manufacturing (DMF), a new concept – Design for Additive Manufacturing (DFAM) has been introduced. One promising application arises from DFAM is the light weight structure, which can be achieved by topology optimization (TO). In this paper, two common TO methods will be reviewed. An important issue for applying TO to AM is that the optimized structure may not be simply and directly manufactured using an AM machine due to the constraints of AM technology. One particular constraint is the limited build size of most commercial 3D printers, which requires the part to be partitioned and printed in several parts. This limitation and some part partitioning methods outside TO will also be reviewed in this paper.
Adjusting Parameters of Lead Lag Controller Using Simulated Annealing to Control Fuel Cell Voltage

In this study, a Lead Lag controller is introduced for fuel cell. This fuel cell is of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) type which will be introduced and implemented, and then to control the voltage of the fuel cell during load changes, an optimal controller is proposed based on Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm. Fuel cell output voltage should be kept in a constant value during the load variations. In order to use this algorithm, at first, the problem is formulated as an optimization problem including the objective function and constraints, then SA method is utilized to achieve the most suitable controller. Simulation are performed for load changes in time domain. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed controller and its accuracy.
A method of determining cut position of automatic stem removal system for salted wakame

In the wakame manufacturing procedure, the manual operation process of stem removal is known to hinder the production process. In order to solve this problem, the manufacture aspires to develop an automatic wakame stem removal system. The purpose of this paper is to propose a cut position detection method for the system by picking up the characteristic changes that appear at the cross section of the wakame. In this method, with the utilization of exposure control, two images are captured from the same cross section that is made by a developed device. These images are used in the segmentation of the cross section. The positions where the stem should be cut can then be determined through the examination of the thickness of the cross section. To test the performance of the proposed method, 100 cross sections were generated from the roots of 10 samples of the salt-preserved wakame with an interval of 20 mm. In the experiments, the proposed method gave good results to find the cut positions except some misdetection. The experimental results showed that this method is effective and usable to the automatic stem removal system.
Bioaccumulation of Cadmium in Siam (Chromolaena odorata) and Node (Synedrella nodiflora) Weeds: Impact of Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA) on Uptake

The translocation and accumulation of Cd by Synedrella nodiflora and Chromolaena odorata plants growing in artificially Cd-contaminated soils amended with EDTA or without amendment had been studied to assess the phytoremediation potential of both species. Results showed that roots of S. nodiflora had the capacity of taking up a maximum 86.2 mg/kg of Cd from the contaminated soil while concentration in shoots amounts to a maximum 73.8 mg/kg. C. odorata was able to accumulate 42.8 mg/kg and 33.8 mg/kg in its roots and shoots respectively. The mobility of soil cadmium and the concentration of Cd in plants were both increased by EDTA amendment. EDTA application facilitated the translocation of Cd since the concentration in the roots and shoots of S. nodiflora increased to 104.9 mg Cd/kg and 77.0 mg Cd/kg respectively although the amendment effect was more pronounced on C. odorata increasing from 42.8 mg Cd/kg in roots from non-amended soils to 83.7 mg Cd/kg in the roots from amended soils. Despite the improved uptake by C. odorata, S. nodiflora appears to be more suitable for phytoremediation of Cd contaminated soils.
Policies on Free Primary and Secondary Education in East Africa: A Review of the Literature

Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda are among the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa which have recently implemented policies for free primary education, motivated in part by renewed democratic accountability following the re-emergence of multi-party politics in the 1990s. However, it is not the first time that the goal of expanding primary education has been pursued by these three neighbouring countries which have much in common. Since the 1960s, they have attempted to expand access at various levels of their education systems albeit with differences in philosophy and in both the modes and successes of implementation. All three countries continue to face the challenges of enrolling every child in school, keeping them in school and ensuring that meaningful learning occurs for all enrolled children. This paper provides an a review of the three countries’ policies for expanding access to education, particularly with regard to equity and the enrolment of excluded groups since their political independence in the 1960s. It considers policies in the light of the countries’ own stated goals alongside the broader international agendas set by the Millennium Development Goals and in particular, ‘Education for All’. It is concerned with the following questions: What led to those policies and how were they funded? What was the role, if any, of the international community in the formulation of those policies? What were the politics and philosophies surrounding the formulation of those policies, have the policies changed over time, and if so how and why? The paper also discusses the range of strategies for implementation adopted. Tremendous growth has occurred in access to primary education since the 1960s, not least in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. The challenge of providing equitable access to schooling has been addressed in a series of education drives with varying motivations, modalities and degrees of success, the most recent of which pays attention to the increasingly pressing question of the transition to secondary education. The success of such policy remains to be seen but will be crucial for the widening of access to the benefits of education and to economic opportunity, particularly for those groups which history has so far excluded.
Design of Balanced Code Sequences for DS/CDMA Using Genetic Algorithm

In this paper, a multi-objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) is applied for the design of balanced code sequences in DS/CDMA system. By rearranging the column of the Hadamard matrix according to order-based chromosomes, the non-dominated set of solutions for different cross-correlation and auto-correlation performance can be obtained using MOGA. Such scheme can provide the designer with feasibility under different system environments.
Canard Limit Cycle of the Holling-Tanner Model

By using the singular perturbation theory on canard cycles, we investigate the canard phenomenon for the Holling-Tanner model with the intrinsic growth rate of the predator small enough. The obtained result shows that there may be at most one canard limit cycle, and the range of small parameters is estimated. The phenomenon of outbreak is explained.
Behavioral Syndromes in Stable Social Groups: An Artifact of External Constraints?

Individuals of many species differ consistently in their behavioral reactions toward different stimuli, such as predators, rivals, and potential mates. These typical reactions, described as ‘behavioral syndromes’ or ‘personalities,’ appear to be heritable and therefore subject to selection. We studied behavioral syndromes in 36 male fowl living in 12 social groups and found that individuals behaved consistently over time. Furthermore, responses to different contexts (anti-predator, foraging, and territorial) were inter-correlated, suggesting that males exhibited comparable behavioral traits in these functionally distinct situations. We subsequently isolated the same roosters and conducted tests in a ‘virtual environment,’ using high-resolution digital video sequences to simulate the anti-predator, foraging, and territorial contexts that they had experienced outdoors. Under these controlled conditions, repeatability persisted but individual responses to the three classes of stimuli failed to predict one another. These were instead context-specific. In particular, production of each type of vocal signal was independent, implying that calls in the repertoire are controlled by distinct mechanisms. Our results show that extrinsic factors, such as social position, can be responsible for the appearance of traits that could readily be mistaken for the product of endogenous characters.
Population structure and individual movement of southern right whales around New Zealand and Australia

During the last 2 centuries, southern right whales Eubalaena australis were hunted to near extinction, and an estimated 150 000 were killed by pre-industrial whaling in the 19th century and illegal Soviet whaling in the 20th century. Here we focus on the coastal calving grounds of Australia and New Zealand (NZ), where previous work suggests 2 genetically distinct stocks of southern right whales are recovering. Historical migration patterns and spatially variable patterns of recovery suggest each of these stocks are subdivided into 2 stocks: (1) NZ, comprising NZ subantarctic (NZSA) and mainland NZ (MNZ) stocks; and (2) Australia, comprising southwest and southeast stocks. We expand upon previous work to investigate population subdivision by analysing over 1000 samples collected at 6 locations across NZ and Australia, although sample sizes were small from some locations. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region haplotypes (500 bp) and microsatellite genotypes (13 loci) were used to identify 707 individual whales and to test for genetic differentiation. For the first time, we documented the movement of 7 individual whales between the NZSA and MNZ based on the matching of multilocus genotypes. Given the current and historical evidence, we hypothesise that individuals from the NZ subantarctic are slowly recolonising MNZ, where a former calving ground was extirpated. We also suggest that southeast Australian right whales represent a remnant stock, distinct from the southwest Australian stock, based on significant differentiation in mtDNA haplotype frequencies (FST = 0.15, p < 0.01; ΦST = 0.12, p = 0.02) and contrasting patterns of recovery. In comparison with significant differences in mtDNA haplotype frequencies found between the 3 proposed stocks (overall FST = 0.07, ΦST = 0.12, p < 0.001), we found no significant differentiation in microsatellite loci (overall FST = 0.004, G’ST = 0.019, p = 0.07), suggesting ongoing or recent historical reproductive interchange.
Sub-Threshold Logic and Standard Cell Library

This paper presents the sub-threshold logic and standard cell library for it. Standard cell library consists of basic gates as well as universal gates (INVERTER, EX-OR, NAND, NOR gate) in sub-threshold logic. The components of this library can be used to design any complex combinational circuit utilizing less power as compared to super-threshold one. Impact of sizing of nmos and pmos is also given in this paper. There is also a comparison between sub-threshold and super-threshold logic.
Water and Sanitation Utilities in the Global South: Re-centering the Debate on “Efficiency”

This paper assesses the ideological arguments that sustain the belief that the private sector is more efficient than the public, which persist despite ambiguous empirical evidence. It argues that the privatization agenda rests on normative assumptions about “economic efficiency” that fail to adequately address the social goals of water and sanitation provision. The debate on “efficiency” should therefore be re-centered to consider “social efficiency” and the negative effect that privatization has on citizenship rights. JEL codes: A13, N70, Q25
Protostellar Jets and Outflows in low-mass star formation

The driving mechanism of protostellar outflows and jets and their effects on the star formation process obtained from recent theoretical and numerical studies are described. Low-velocity outflows are driven by an outer region of the circumstellar disk, while high-velocity jets are driven near an inner edge of the disk. The disk angular momentum is effectively transferred by magnetic effects in the outflow and jet driving regions where the magnetic field is well coupled with neutral gas. On the other hand, in a high density gas region of the disk (or intermediate region), the magnetic field dissipates and is decoupled from neutral gas. Thus, in such a magnetically inactive region, no outward flow appears and the disk angular momentum is not effectively transferred by magnetic effects. Therefore, in the disk intermediate region, the disk surface density continues to increase and gravitational instability occurs and produce a non-axisymmetric (or spiral) structure. After spiral arms sufficiently develop, the disk angular momentum is transferred by gravitational torque and a large amount of the disk mass accretes onto the central protostar from the circumstellar disk. The episodic accretion induces time-variable high-velocity jets. The jets do not significantly contribute to a dynamical evolution of the protostar and circumstellar disk, while the low-velocity outflows can eject a large fraction of the infalling gas and determine the final stellar mass.
Clustering Algorithms for Noun Phrase Coreference Resolution

In this paper, we present four clustering algorithms for noun phrase coreference resolution. We developed two novel algorithms for this task, a fuzzy algorithm and its hard variant and evaluated their performance on two dierent sets of texts in comparison with an existing fuzzy and a hard clustering algorithm that are described in the literature. Our algorithms perform slightly better and do not rely on a predefined threshold distance value for cluster membership. In addition, our fuzzy clustering algorithm seems to perform better than a hard clustering on a pronoun resolution task.
Du modèle du coeur naturel au réglage du coeur artificiel

These Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne EPFL, n° 889 (1990)Laboratoire d'actionneurs integres Prix de la Fondation Latsis Internationale - Fondation Latsis Internationale award, 1992 Reference doi:10.5075/epfl-thesis-889Print copy in library catalog Award: http://vpaa.epfl. ch/page14974-fr.html Record created on 2005-03-16, modified on 2017-05-10
Stratospheric ozone measurements at Arosa (Switzerland): History and scientific relevance

Abstract. Climatic Observatory (LKO) in Arosa (Switzerland), marking the beginning of the world's longest series of total (or column) ozone measurements. They were driven by the recognition that atmospheric ozone is important for human health, as well as by scientific curiosity about what was, at the time, an ill characterised atmospheric trace gas. From around the mid-1950s to the beginning of the 1970s studies of high atmosphere circulation patterns that could improve weather forecasting was justification for studying stratospheric ozone. In the mid-1970s, a paradigm shift occurred when it became clear that the damaging effects of anthropogenic ozone-depleting substances (ODSs), such as long-lived chlorofluorocarbons, needed to be documented. This justified continuing the ground-based measurements of stratospheric ozone. Levels of ODSs peaked around the mid-1990s as a result of a global environmental policy to protect the ozone layer, implemented through the 1987 Montreal Protocol and its subsequent amendments and adjustments. Consequently, chemical destruction of stratospheric ozone started to slow around the mid-1990s. To some extent, this raises the question as to whether continued ozone observation is indeed necessary. In the last decade there has been a tendency to reduce the costs associated with making ozone measurements globally including at Arosa. However, the large natural variability in ozone on diurnal, seasonal, and interannual scales complicates the capacity for demonstrating the success of the Montreal Protocol. Chemistry-climate models also predict a super-recovery of the ozone layer at mid-latitudes in the second half of this century, i.e. an increase of ozone concentrations beyond pre-1970 levels, as a consequence of ongoing climate change. These factors, and identifying potentially unexpected stratospheric responses to climate change, support the continued need to document stratospheric ozone changes. This is particularly valuable at the Arosa site, due to the unique length of the observational record. This paper presents the evolution of the ozone layer, the history of international ozone research, and discusses the justification for the measurements in the past, present and into future.
Typing of the uropathogenic E. coli strains using O-serotyping and detection of pap adhesion-encoding operon by polymerase chain reaction.

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a frequently diagnosed renal and urologic disease. Escherichia coli is by far the most common etiologic agent of this disease. This study was aimed to type the E.coli strains isolated from the patients with urinary tract infection using sero-grouping. Detection of pap adhesion-encoding operon was also targeted. Patients and methods: A total of 130 E. coli strains isolated from patients with UTI were investigated for O-serotyping. The presence of pap adhesion-encoding operon was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: In serogrouping with 13 antisera, 86 strains (66.14%) were O-serogroupable and belonging to O1, O6, O15, O18 & O20 serogroups, while 44 strains (33.86%) were O-non typeable. Predominant serogroups were O6 and O18. The PCR results showed that 61% of strains exhibited the pap genotype. Serogroups O1, O6, O15 and O18 possessed pap operon. There was an obvious correlation between the pap operon and the O-serogroups of the strains. Conclusion: Our results showed that obtained protein patterns of the isolated strains were more reliable than serotyping results for typing purposes. Our findings indicated that pap adhesion-encoding operon has an important role in the development and severity of UTI. Many cases of serious urogenital diseases are caused by a limited number of uropathogenic E.coli strains that generally possess special virulence factors such as pap operon.
Recent developments in the detection of phycotoxins

Over the past seven years, methods available for the detection of phycotoxins have been extensively reviewed in a number of international expert committees, such as the consultations organised by FAO/IOC/WHO and EFSA, as well as by individual scientists. These reviews have shown that the methods available have severe limitations for the use in official control, either due to their limited scope and detection capability or due to a lack of calibration standards, reference materials and validation efforts. The present review focuses on recent developments in the detection of phycotoxins in several areas of applied research. Not being able to exhaustively describe all recent developments, the review focussed on three areas of interest to the authors: (i) detection of ultra-trace amounts of toxins, (ii) metabolism of toxins and their localisation in biological tissues, and (iii) approaches to detect unknown toxins or analogues of known toxins. Miniaturisation in combination with physico-chemical techniques appears to be a very efficient approach to detect low trace amounts of individual toxin analogues. In particular, the detection of azaspiracids and okadaic acid and analogues, using micro-filtration and on-line pre-concentration techniques, has shown to be useful for the characterisation of various algal and shellfish species. In the area of interactions of toxins with shellfish and mammalian systems, it is noted that several studies on biomarkers reveal either protein biomarkers of exposure to toxins or potential pathways of metabolism of the toxins themselves. A particular focus is given to recent findings in the areas of brevetoxin metabolism and biomarkers as well as azaspiracid localisation and metabolism. Finally, the detection of novel compounds is a particularly challenging area.
Energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis of elements’ content and antimicrobial properties of Pereskia bleo and Goniothalamus umbrosus

This study was designed to investigate elements’ content and anti-microbial effects of two Malaysian plants, Pereskia bleo and Goniothalamus umbrosus. Elements’ analysis was carried out using Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis combined with Variable Pressure Scanning Electron Microscope (EDX, VPSEM). Anti-microbial screening was performed using disc diffusion method using two gram-positive bacteria, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Bacillus subtilis B29, and other two gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 60690 and Salmonella choleraesuis. The elemental distribution revealed the presence of C, O, Mg, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Al, Si and Fe, in these medicinal plants and their relative weight percentages were estimated. A variable susceptibility of microbial strains of this study towards Pereskia bleo and Goniothalamus umbrosus was noticeably observed. From this study, it is shown that the analysis of elements of anticancer plants can be considered as potential sources for providing information regarding the medicinal usages of plants.