Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Na,K-ATPase β-Subunit Is Required for Epithelial Polarization, Suppression of Invasion, and Cell Motility

The cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin has been implicated in maintaining the polarized phenotype of epithelial cells and suppression of invasiveness and motility of carcinoma cells. Na,K-ATPase, consisting of an alpha- and beta-subunit, maintains the sodium gradient across the plasma membrane. A functional relationship between E-cadherin and Na,K-ATPase has not previously been described. We present evidence that the Na,K-ATPase plays a crucial role in E-cadherin-mediated development of epithelial polarity, and suppression of invasiveness and motility of carcinoma cells. Moloney sarcoma virus-transformed Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MSV-MDCK) have highly reduced levels of E-cadherin and beta(1)-subunit of Na,K-ATPase. Forced expression of E-cadherin in MSV-MDCK cells did not reestablish epithelial polarity or inhibit the invasiveness and motility of these cells. In contrast, expression of E-cadherin and Na,K-ATPase beta(1)-subunit induced epithelial polarization, including the formation of tight junctions and desmosomes, abolished invasiveness, and reduced cell motility in MSV-MDCK cells. Our results suggest that E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion requires the Na,K-ATPase beta-subunit's function to induce epithelial polarization and suppress invasiveness and motility of carcinoma cells. Involvement of the beta(1)-subunit of Na,K-ATPase in the polarized phenotype of epithelial cells reveals a novel link between the structural organization and vectorial ion transport function of epithelial cells.
The Basis of Muscle Regeneration

Muscle regeneration recapitulates many aspects of embryonic myogenesis and is an important homeostatic process of the adult skeletal muscle, which, after development, retains the capacity to regenerate in response to appropriate stimuli, activating the muscle compartment of stem cells, namely, satellite cells, as well as other precursor cells. Moreover, significant evidence suggests that while stem cells represent an important determinant for tissue regeneration, a “qualified” environment is necessary to guarantee and achieve functional results. It is therefore plausible that the loss of control over these cell fate decisions could lead to a pathological transdifferentiation, leading to pathologic defects in the regenerative process. This review provides an overview about the general aspects of muscle development and discusses the cellular and molecular aspects that characterize the five interrelated and time-dependent phases of muscle regeneration, namely, degeneration, inflammation, regeneration, remodeling, and maturation/functional repair.
Reviews

The article ‘The Promise of Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research’ by Scott Shane and Sankaran Venkataraman (2000) is no doubt one of the most interesting, important and debated conceptual contributions in the field of entrepreneurship in recent years. In the book A General Theory of Entrepreneurship: The Individual–Opportunity Nexus, Scott Shane – also one of the most productive and cited researchers in the field – offers an elaboration of the themes outlined in the preceding article. Based on ideas originally presented by Venkataraman (1997), Shane defines entrepreneurship as ‘an activity that involves the discovery, evaluation and exploitation of opportunities to introduce new goods and services, ways of organizing, markets, processes, and raw materials through organizing efforts that previously had not existed’ (p. 4). As the central premise of the book Shane offers ‘that entrepreneurship can be explained by considering the nexus of enterprising individuals and valuable opportunities . and by using that nexus to understand the processes of discovery and exploitation of opportunities; the acquisition of resources; entrepreneurial strategy; and the organizing process’ (p. 9). This perspective on entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship research, which has roots in Austrian economics as well as in Shane’s comprehensive experience from empirical research on a broad variety of entrepreneurship issues, has a number of interesting qualities:
Behavioural plasticity in support of a benefit for aggregation pheromone use in Drosophila melanogaster

We explored behavioural plasticity in the use of aggregation pheromone in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Based on previous field observations, we formulated two hypotheses on a benefit of using aggregation pheromone for aggregated oviposition. One hypothesis concerns a benefit to the females themselves, where reduced harassment by males can enhance oviposition rate; the other concerns a benefit to their offspring, where larvae can exploit arduous substrates more efficiently. We derive contrasting expectations on the strength of the behavioural response to pheromone for substrates that differ in nutritional quality to larvae. High quality substrates relax the strength of larval competition, which allows for stronger aggregative responses of the females, but conversely, it may yield aggregation less necessary when the benefit is related to resource exploitation by the larvae. In indoor and outdoor dual choice set‐ups, we tested the behavioural responses of the adults to the aggregation pheromone with substrates of varying quality, and examined oviposition behaviour. The response of adults to the aggregation pheromone was strong and robust for low quality substrates, but significantly weaker for a high quality substrate. This supports the hypothesis on a benefit to the larvae. Females retained aggregation pheromones in the absence of oviposition substrates for at least 24 h. In the outdoor set‐up, substrate with aggregation pheromone received more than three times as many eggs as control substrates, and this was directly related to the number of adults that visited each substrate. Per capita, oviposition rates were not different for differently sized aggregations, and consequently, no evidence was found in support of the hypothesis on reduced harassment. The combination of aggregation pheromone possession and a mutualistic relationship with micro‐organisms for Drosophila and other insects is discussed.
Digestible tryptophan levels for 30 to 60 kg pigs

ABSTRACT - The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary digestible tryptophan levelson performance and carcass traits of growing pigs. Fifty crossbred castrated male pigs, with average initial and final bodyweight of 29.0 ± 1.20 kg and 60.4 ± 1.95 kg were allotted in a completely randomized block design, with five treatments(0.125, 0.133, 0.141, 0.149, and 0.157% of digestible tryptophan, corresponding to digestible tryptophan:lysine relationsof 15.0, 16.0, 17.0, 18.0, and 19.0%, respectively) and five replicates, with two pigs per experimental unit, which wasrepresented by the pen. Experimental diets and water were supplied ad libitum throughout the experimental period. Averagesof minimum and maximum temperatures inside the facility were of 24.3 ± 0.87 o C and 28.0 ± 1.82 o C, respectively. Feedintake and body weight gain increased linearly with increasing dietary tryptophan levels. However, there was no effect ofdigestible tryptophan on feed conversion or protein deposition of pigs. The highest tryptophan level evaluated (0,157%),corresponding to a digestible tryptophan:lysine relation of 19.0%, provided the greatest weight gain of 30 to 60 kg castratedmale pigs.Key Words: amino acids, ideal protein, performance, protein deposition
Tritrophic interactions in the context of climate change: a model of grasses, cereal Aphids and their parasitoids

Biologists have been challenged to envisage the likely consequences of increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, and the suite of accompanying environmental changes (e.g. rising temperature, changing rainfall patterns, etc.) on our biotic systems. Research to date on plant responses has been extensive, but work on herbivore responses has been less complete, and work on higher trophic levels nearly nonexistent. One group of herbivores that has been reasonably well studied is aphids, and at least for this group, researchers have even begun to investigate responses at higher trophic levels, to include parasitoids. In this paper, we develop a mechanistic mathematical model of the general interaction between grasses, cereal aphids and their parasitoids. We used this model to investigate the interacting effects of rising CO2 and temperature. The model suggests that, while parasitoids do have an impact on the aphid colony population dynamics, they do not fundamentally alter the aphid response to climate change. The model predicts that for both aphids and their parasitoids, the population responses to combined effects of elevated CO2 and temperature will be more similar to current ambient conditions than we might expect from the individual effects of CO2 or temperature increases. This interaction has important consequences for the interpretation of results from experiments that study only the effect of rising CO2.
Chemical and Fatty Acid Compositions of Date Palm Fruit ( Phoenix dactylifera L) Flour

The proximate, sugar, minerals and fatty acids composition of date palm fruit were determined. The moisture content is 5.24 ± 0.05%, ether extract value is 1.54 ± 0.01%, crude fibre content is 4.34+ 0.03%, crude protein content is 4.94+0.04% while the value of carbohydrate is 80.87 ± 0.05%. The fractions of sugar contained maltose (33.7mg%), fructose (22.8mg%) and glucose (22.3mg%). The most abundant minerals in the sample is potassium with the value of 710.0 mg% sample. The most concentrated fatty acids were oleic acid (44.51g/100g) > palmitic acid (23.05g/100g) > linoleic acid (11.66g/100g). All these quality food properties make it good source of unsaturated fatty acids and sweetening agent in food processing industry. Key words: Carbohydrates; Fatty acids; Minerals; Fruit flour. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i2. 8194 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(2) , 255-258, 2011
Hardware Accelerators for Long short-term memory Neural Networks using High Level Synthesis (HLS)

Long short-term memory networks, referred as LSTMs, are a notable kind of recurrent neural networks. They allow you to overcome vanishing gradient problem. Some of the different applications of LSTM include speech recognition, handwriting generation and recognition, music generation and composition, etc. FPGA-based hardware accelerators have been used recently due to their good performance in terms of power and flexibility. In this thesis, hardware accelerators have been implemented, synthesized and optimized for LSTM with different data type and this is made possible by using Xilinx Vivado tool. The data types used are fixed point - 16, float and double. One of the bottlenecks faced during the synthesis is sigmoid activation function which is non-linear. A piecewise linear approximation is used for sigmoid function to overcome this issue. Different optimizations and directives are applied to explore different solution. Pragmas like loop pipelining and unrolling, array partitioning etc. are applied during the synthesis process to find the optimum solution. Co-simulation is performed to check the functionality and validity of generated RTL. The generated RTL is available in Verilog, VHDL and SystemC. The synthesized module can be export as an Intellectual Property (IP) and used in other Xilinx tools. It is possible to generate generic RTL which can be used for FPGA from other market vendors.
Appendix A. The Essay: Competitive Advantage and Cultural Paradigms

In his groundbreaking book on how nations generated competitive industries, Michael E. Porter (1990) proposed a &dquo;diamond theory&dquo; in which resources, local labor, demand and related businesses furnished a model to predict advantage. Since its publication, many economists have taken exception to the comparative and competitive advantage theories, but the question of how physical and human geography shape organizations remains one of the contemporary challenges of
Performance of Birch Seedlings Replanted in Heavily Polluted Industrial Barrens of the Kola Peninsula, Northwest Russia

Industrial barrens replacing coniferous forests around the Severonikel smelter in the Kola Peninsula, northwestern Russia, have recently expanded over 3000 ha or more. Total concentrations of metal contaminants in the upper soil layers approach 3000–5000 μg/g, and maximum hourly concentrations of sulphur dioxide in ambient air exceed 1000 μg/m3. To monitor possibilities for vegetation recovery in the denuded landscapes continuously affected by industrial emissions, we conducted several experiments with 4‐ to 15‐year‐old (1–25 cm tall) seedlings of Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovi (mountain birch), replanted to two barren sites. Specifically, we investigated the effects of wind‐sheltering, watering, and fertilization on seedling performance in the polluted sites. Sheltered and watered seedlings had more symmetrical leaves than control seedlings, suggesting less environmental stress. Consistently, sheltering and (to a lesser extent) watering improved the survival of seedlings compared with controls. The beneficial effects of watering and sheltering were most pronounced the first 2–4 weeks following planting and were greatest in the most polluted site. We conclude that the revegetation of industrial barrens can be significantly promoted by inexpensive treatments such as wind sheltering and watering, even under current emissions.
Phylogeography of the mud crab (Scylla serrata) in the Indo-West Pacific reappraised from mitochondrial molecular and oceanographic clues: transoceanic dispersal and coastal sequential colonization

The widespread mud crab, Scylla serrata, of the Indo-West Pacific is an excellent model species to demonstrate how the colonization history of a species can be influenced by complex oceanographic conditions. Through the combination of ecological data (fossil records and paleo-oceanographic conditions) and molecular data (coalescent simulations, network analysis, and nucleotide diversity tests), the phylogeographic history of S. serrata was re-analyzed. Based on the analysis of mtDNA cytochrome oxidase I sequences, two major clades were identified for S. serrata, including a widespread clade (Clade I) with three disjunct geographic clusters (IA, IB and IC) and an endemic Northwest Australian clade (Clade II). Moreover, a significant phylogeographic structure corresponding to four subpopulations was revealed: Northwest Australia, West Indian Ocean, Red Sea-South China Sea and West Pacific. A colonization history of a Northwest Australia origin for S. serrata followed by westward transmarine dispersal across the Indian Ocean for Clade I and sequential colonization from the West Indian Ocean to Red Sea-South China Sea and West Pacific was corroborated. The Pleistocene fluctuations of paleo-oceanographic conditions including surface circulations and physical topography in the Indo-West Pacific might be responsible for the wide distribution, colonization history and genetic divergence of this species.
Pulmonary parenchymal disease

Conditions affecting the pulmonary parenchyma are common in veterinary medicine and include traumatic injuries, pulmonary oedema of both cardiac and non-cardiac origin, primary and/or metastatic neoplasia, pneumonia and interstitial lung disease. The focus of this chapter is on pneumonia and interstitial lung disease. Clinical signs of lung diseases are similar, despite different causes, and reflect the alterations in lung mechanics that accompany lung pathology. If the lung parenchyma fills with fluid (oedema) or inflammatory cells (pneumonia), the lungs become less compliant and it is more difficult for the patient to breathe. This is recognized as rapid breathing or as an increased effort. Conditions that cause fluid or pus to leak into the airways or cause primary inflammation or infection in the trachea will cause coughing. Thus, clinical signs are not specific for the disease and the clinician should be alert to considering a number of possibilities when initiating diagnostic testing and therapy. Bacterial pneumonia; Atypical pneumonias; and Interstitial lung disease are all considered.
The Optimal Control Policy for Point-to-Point Wireless Body Area Network Based on Simultaneous Time-Ratio and Transmission Power Allocation

In this paper, we propose an optimal control policy based on time-ratio and transmission power allocation in wireless body area networks (WBANs), where the duty cycle is adopted. For the purpose of maximizing the information throughput, the whole duty cycle is divided into two states: sleep state and active state. During the sleep state, in order to transmit information from senor, the energy harvested in the sensor must exceed a certain threshold. In the active state, the process of transmitting information by the sensor will cause interference to energy harvesting. To get to a more reasonable and convictive optimization goal, we optimize the duty-cycle time-ratio of sleep and active states and transmission power in active state simultaneously in the system. The simulation results show that the information throughput is improved significantly when the proposed control policy is considered.
Teaching Principles of Linkage and Gene Mapping with the Tomato.

G iENETIC LINKAGE AND CROSSING-OVER are two key biological phenomena because they are involved in the transmission and rearrangement of the hereditary material. Analysis of crossing-over events also provides geneticists with a way to construct linkage maps depicting both gene order and distance. Mertens (1972) suggested student linkage experiments based on the analysis of testcross data in Drosophila melanogaster, but higher plants could provide an alternative system to stimulate the interests of plantoriented students in genetics. Plants also free teachers from time-consuming maintenance requirements because seeds are easy to store. Linkage in plants is also of much practical importance as illustrated by the close linkage on chromosome 9 of the tomato of a gene affecting hypocotyl color (ah) and one conferring tobacco mosaic virus resistance (Tm-2) [Knush and Rick 1964]. This linkage facilitates transfer of disease resistance to susceptible tomato varieties because seedlings can be pre-screened for disease resistance by examination of the hypocotyl color. Ears of corn demonstrating two-point linkage are commercially available, but our experience indicates that student interest is increased by studying seedling populations. We describe here a three-point linkage system in the tomato that encompasses the basic principles of linkage and gene mapping and certain principles of probability and statistics. Students using this system gain the experience of classifying segregating progenies, analyzing data, and experiencing the reasoning used by geneticists to determine the behavior, order and location of genes through the statistical analysis of F2 and testcross data.
Low-Precision Linear Algebra for Neural Networks

Neural networks have been widely responsible for recent advances in machine learning, powering technologies such as digital assistants and AR photography. LPLANN (Low-Precision Linear Algebra for Neural Networks) is a cross-platform library written in C++ used for implementing neural networks. The software allows users to set specific levels of precision for calculations. Low-precision calculations use advanced parallelization techniques (SIMD, SWAR) to run neural networks at faster rates than full-precision calculations. This library is lightweight enough to run on embedded systems, only relies on OpenMP as a dependency, and is portable to any operating system. LPLANN also includes optimizations to provide drastic speedups on a workstation, allowing it so serve as a testbed for novel low-precision neural network architectures. The purpose of this project was to implement optimizations and to test how the execution time of binary networks compares to that of floating-point networks. Performing 2-dimensional convolution using 3⇥3 filters is implemented on binary weights with 43% overhead, and 1.5% overhead for 7⇥ 7 filters. Depending on the architecture of the neural network, speedup with 3⇥ 3 filters varied from 2.5⇥ to 8⇥.
Extremely halophilic, methylotrophic, anaerobic bacteria

Extremely halophilic methanogens and a rodshape homo-acetogen were isolated from cyanobacterial mats of Sivash, Crimea. Trimethylamine served as a single source of energy for both groups. Methanogenic strains obtained constitute a continuum of forms, from moderately halophilic to those living at salt saturation. A new homo-acetogen, Acetohalobium arabaticum growing in the salinity range of 10–25% produced acetate, mono-, di- and trimethylamines from betaine. A limited number of substrates including formate, H2+ CO2, CO, lactate, pyruvate and hystidine was utilized. A trophic chain is discussed for methanogenesis in hypersaline environments.
Role of Temperature and Water in the Ecology of Lungless Salamanders

Water economy and thermal relations of plethodontid salamanders were studied in the laboratory and in the field. Laboratory measurements included behavioral responses in temperature and relative humidity gradients, rates of dehydration and dehydration at various relative humidities and soil—moisture levels, and determination of critical thermal maxima by rapid controlled heating to a definite endpoint. Salamanders were acclimated to a combination of three temperatures and two photoperiods: 5°C, 16 hr of light alternating with 8 hr of darkness (LD 16:8); 5°C, (LD 8:16); 15°C (LD 16:8); 15°C (LD 8:16); 25°C (LD 16:8); and 25°C (LD 8:16). Three series of experiments were conducted on 20 populations representing 14 species. Critical thermal maximum increased with an increase in acclimation temperature indicating that the salamander's heat resistance was readily altered by its previous thermal history. Salamanders selected a definite range of temperatures and did not merely avoid extremes in the thermal gradient. Thermal preferenda were relatively stable for each species and were not significantly affected by either acclimation temperature or photoperiod. Rate of dehydration was dependent upon body size, drying power of the air, and ambient temperature. Interspecific differences in dehydration rates appeared to be related in part to differences in size. Species composed of small individuals lost weight faster than species made up of large individuals. As the vapor pressure deficit increased the dehydration rate increased. Dehydration was more rapid at higher temperatures. Rehydration rate increased as the percentage of weight loss due to dehydration increased and was more rapid at higher temperatures. Salamanders absorbed water from soil when soil—moisture tension was as high as 2.8 atm at 25°C. All species absorbed water from unsaturated soil at similar rates that were dependent upon soil—moisture content. Salamanders in the humidity gradient responded positively to differences in the moisture content of the air, and all but one species were more than 70% successful in selecting the highest relative humidity available in the gradient. Interspecific differences were apparent, but were not always correlated with habitat preferences. Plethodon glutinosus did not show any specific adaptation in its thermal responses or water relations that would account for its widespread distribution in the eastern United States. Plethodon ouachitae and P. caddoensis apparently have survived in the Ouachita Mountains due to favorable microhabitats and their ability to burrow deep beneath talus—covered slopes during hot and dry summers. Surface activity of P. caddoensis is limited in the summer by hot and dry conditions in its microhabitat.