Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of biotechnology in crop and animal improvement for sustainable agriculture

Agriculture now a day is suffering from lots of problems such as changing climate, pressure for large scale production of grain, pest out break etc. Plant breeding have come out to mitigate these problems but limitation in variation, cross incompatibility etc limits its success which can be overcome by genetic engineering. The potential of gene transfer from any source to a plant and animal is its strength. Besides increasing the crop production, it has also been exploited in the field of animal biotechnology. The strength of biotechnology is increasing day by day with the advent of new technologies such as sequencing methods, transcriptome and proteome analysis techniques. Besides plants animals are also an important component of agriculture. Cloning, artificial insemination, embryo transfer, vaccine and pharmaceuticals production, organ development for transplantation etc are some of the applications in the field of animal biotechnology.
Stone Content Influence on Land Surface Model Simulation of Soil Moisture and Evapotranspiration at Reynolds Creek Watershed

Considerable advancement in spatiotemporal resolution of remote sensing and ground-based measurements has enabled refinement of parameters used in land surface models for simulating surface water fluxes. However, land surface modeling capabilities are still inadequate for accurate representation of subsurface properties and processes, which continue to limit the accuracy of land surfacemodel simulation.Our objective in this study was to examine the performance of the variously parameterized Noah land surface model with multiphysics option (Noah-MP) in simulating evapotranspiration (ET) and soil moisture dynamics in stony soils using verification from eddy covariance ET and in situ soil moisture data during the growing season of year 2015, obtained from the Lower Sheep subcatchment within the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed in southwestern Idaho. We evaluated the performance of Noah-MP considering four different scenarios with 1) a one-layer soil profile with Noah-MP default soil hydraulic parameters and three more fivelayer soil profiles using 2) Noah-MP default soil hydraulic parameters; 3) soil hydraulic parameters derived from a pedotransfer function using field observations; and 4) hydraulic parameters from scenario 3, which also accounted for stone content in each layer. Each modeling experiment was forced with the same set of initial conditions, atmospheric input, and vegetation parameters. Our results indicate that enhanced representation of soil profile properties and stone content information noticeably improve the Noah-MP land surface model simulation of soil moisture content and evapotranspiration.
Impact of Lagrangian transport on lower-stratospheric transport timescales in a climate model

Abstract. We investigate the impact of model trace gas transport schemes on the representation of transport processes in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Towards this end, the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) was coupled to the ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model and results from the two transport schemes (Lagrangian critical Lyapunov scheme and flux-form semi-Lagrangian, respectively) were compared. Advection in CLaMS was driven by the EMAC simulation winds, and thereby the only differences in transport between the two sets of results were caused by differences in the transport schemes. To analyze the timescales of large-scale transport, multiple tropical-surface-emitted tracer pulses were performed to calculate age of air spectra, while smaller-scale transport was analyzed via idealized, radioactively decaying tracers emitted in smaller regions (nine grid cells) within the stratosphere. The results show that stratospheric transport barriers are significantly stronger for Lagrangian EMAC-CLaMS transport due to reduced numerical diffusion. In particular, stronger tracer gradients emerge around the polar vortex, at the subtropical jets, and at the edge of the tropical pipe. Inside the polar vortex, the more diffusive EMAC flux-form semi-Lagrangian transport scheme results in a substantially higher amount of air with ages from 0 to 2 years (up to a factor of 5 higher). In the lowermost stratosphere, mean age of air is much smaller in EMAC, owing to stronger diffusive cross-tropopause transport. Conversely, EMAC-CLaMS shows a summertime lowermost stratosphere age inversion – a layer of older air residing below younger air (an “eave”). This pattern is caused by strong poleward transport above the subtropical jet and is entirely blurred by diffusive cross-tropopause transport in EMAC. Potential consequences from the choice of the transport scheme on chemistry–climate and geoengineering simulations are discussed.
MICROSCOPIA ELETRÔNICA DE VARREDURA DE ERITRÓCITOS DE OVINOS SUBMETIDOS A INTOXICAÇÃO CÚPRICA ACUMULATIVA

Chronic copper poisoning is rather common in sheep and has three phases: pre-hemolytic, hemolytic, and post-hemolytic. Therefore, this study investigates abnormalities in red blood cell (RBC) morphology by using electron microscopy during pre-hemolytic and hemolytic intoxication periods. A total of 6 sheep were divided into two groups: control group (GI); and experimental group (GII). EDTA blood samples were collected weekly and prepared for observation with the scanning electron microscope. During the pre-hemolytic period, the intoxicated group showed a predominance of discocytes, although an increase in the proportion of macrocytes, knizocytes and dacryocytes was evidenced between weeks 11 and 17 of poisoning trials. These changes were similar to those found in the control group. However, hemolytic findings revealed a decrease in the number of discocytes and predominance of acanthocytes, as well as the presence of codocytes, keratocytes and Heinz bodies. Therefore, RBC morphological changes were limited to the hemolytic phase of intoxication.
Effect of moisture and calcium carbonate content on chemical properties of soil and yield of cotton in Nanded District of Maharashtra

Twenty four fields was finalized and forty eight soil samples (0-30 & 3060 cm depth) was collected for laboratory analysis at square formation stage. The pH, EC and organic carbon content in soil varied from 7.4 to 8.1, 0.1 to 0.3 dSm and 0.32 to 0.89 per cent respectively in 0-30 cm depth, whereas 7.6 to 8.4, 0.2 to 0.4 dSm and 0.26 to 0.80 per cent respectively in 30-60 cm depth. The calcium carbonate content varied from 9.4 to 29.4 per cent in 0 30 cm soil depth, whereas 6.1 to 32.9 per cent in 30 60 cm soil depth which was found increased with depth. Soil fertility status was found low to high and which was found significantly affected by CaCO3 and moisture content in soil at square formation stage. The highest yield of cotton was recorded at Typic Haplusterts and lowest was recorded in Typic Ustorthents. However, significant positive correlation of yield of cotton with available N, followed by Mn, B, K, Mg, Fe and Zn and significant negatively correlated with the CaCO3 and significant positive correlation with soil moisture content at square formation stage, indicating soil moisture and CaCO3 content in soil is the yield reducing factor.
NUMERICAL ANALISYS OF LID-DRIVEN CAVITY FLOWS BY TH E IMMERSED BOUNDARY METHOD USING THE VIRTUAL PHYSICAL MODEL

The study of flows over complex geometries represents a great challenge due to the difficulyt in representing the geometry. The body fitted mesh methods, like non-orthogonal and unstructured grids, are efficient to represent complex geometries and provide consistent results. Nevertheless, the complex calculations to build the mesh make these methods computationally expensive when the problem involves moving boundaries due to the re-meshing process. Another approach to solve this class of problems is the Immersed Boundary Method developed by Peskin (1977). This method is based on two distinct meshes: a fix eulerian mesh used to solve the fluid governing equations, and a lagrangian mesh used to represent the immersed body. The coupling between the two meshes is made by adding a force term in the momentum equations. Using this approach the no-slip condition is imposed virtually by the force term, which makes the numerical simulation with moving boundaries less expensive. The objective of the present paper is to show results obtained from a computational code based on the Finite Volume Method developed to solve incompressible, bi-dimensional and transient flows using the Immersed Boundary Method. The Physical Virtual Model proposed by Lima e Silva et al. (2003) was chosen to calculate the force term. In order to validate the code, the lid-driven cavity was simulated for low Reynolds numbers, Re = 100 and Re = 400. The results were analyzed using dimensionless velocity profiles, maps of velocity vectors, vorticity and force field showing good agreement with literature data.
Preparation and Properties of Rare Earth Element Doped Calcium Carbonate/Polypropylene Luminescence-tunable Materials

CaCO3:RE(RE=Eu, Tb, Ce) phosphors were synthesized via a microwave co-precipitation method. The luminescence-tunable composite of CaCO3:RE/PP (polypropylene) was prepared by a melt blending method. The photoluminescence and mechanical properties of the composites were characterized by photoluminescence excitation and emission spectroscopy, chromaticity coordinates, scanning electronic microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction, respectively. The results show that the phosphors have a good compatibility with PP. When 5% (in mass fraction) CaCO3:RE is incorporated into PP, the mechanical and photoluminescence properties of composite are preferable. In addition, CaCO3:Eu/PP emits a red color, CaCO3:Tb/PP emits a green color and CaCO3:Ce/PP emits a purple color under the ultraviolet light, and the emitting color of composites can be shifted among red, green and purple region by altering the ratio of phosphors or excitation wavelength.
Investing in Extension's Workforce: Assessing and Developing Critical Competencies of New Agents

This article describes Tennessee Extension's creation and implementation of a competency assessment and development program for new Extension agents. The program is based on results of a Delphi study that identified critical soft skill competencies new Extension agents need to be successful in building partnerships and delivering Extension programming in their communities. The program consists of online assessments, interactive feedback with regional program leaders, and identification of targeted online professional development courses. Expected results include targeted professional development, increased competency of agents, greater job satisfaction, increased retention, and increased public value for Extension.
Treatment of Spilled Auto-Mechanic Garage Oils in Soil Using Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Waste Materials

The work aimed at cleaning oil contaminated soil started with sorting and pulverizing pre-clean high density polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste materials. The soil samples were collected from Farin-Gada Auto-Mechanic village located at Jos North Local Government area, Plateau State-Nigeria. They were prepared by homogenizing, crushing and sieving (mesh size ≤2mm), then extracted and purified for characterization of the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) using gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GCMS). For the heavy metals, the soil samples were air-dried, digested using mineral acids (HNO3 and HCl) in appropriate proportion, then analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The levels of nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd) and TPH were assessed in the sample used as control (uncontaminated) labelled as ‘CC-S’. Untreated soil (automobile mechanic garage soil) labelled ‘UT-S’, and treated soil labelled as ‘TT-S. The results revealed that the untreated soil (UT-S) had high contaminants when compared to that of CC-S and TT-S. This suggest that anthropogenic activities is the major source of the soil contamination. On treating the contaminated soil with PET, the concentration of Ni, Pb, Cr and Cd in the UT-S was reduced by 18%, 4%, 84% and 66% respectively. Similarly, the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration reduced from 0.271 mg kg-1 to 0.082 mg kg-1 on treating UT-S with PET. The present work has established that pulverized waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) can be processed and used to clean up oil contaminated soils.
Large Pericardial Effusion Due to Paragonimiasis in a 4-Year-Old Chinese Boy

Abstract Large pericardial effusion (PE) and bilateral pleural effusion were found in a 4-year-old Chinese boy. An emergent surgery was performed. The biopsy showed massive eosinophil infiltration. Serologic test for Paragonimus skrjabini was positive. Postoperative praziquantel therapy was effective.
Investigation on the Zaghouania oleae ( EJ Butler ) Cummins induced morpho-anatomical modifications in Olea dioica Roxb

Olea dioica Roxb, belonging to the family ‘Oleaceae’ is a tree species locally known as ‘Edana’. During the winter season, the plant is seen to be infected with the rust fungus Zaghouania oleae (E.J. Butler) Cummins, belonging to the family Pucciniaceae. The fungus infected tender twigs is being cooked and eaten by Chenchu tribal ladies in Andhra Pradesh to beget children. The Preliminary phytochemical screening of the ethanolic extracts of the infected leaves by the author substantiated the tribal claim. In the present investigation, it was focused on morpho-anatomical changes brought out by the infection of the fungus Zaghouania oleae (E.J. Butler) Cummins to the host Olea dioica Roxb. , Fungus induced tissue deformation was observed and the size and shape of the cells were largely affected. The infection of the fungus caused breaks in the epidermis and penetrates the mesophyll layer. At maturity, it turns out to be a cup-shaped Basidium filled with basidiospores. The morpho-anatomical changes brought out by the infection are may be due to the production of secondary metabolites. Most of these compounds might have potential medicinal properties. These findings substantiate the previous phytochemical studies as well as the tribal claim.
Progress of Piezoelectric Ceramics for Energy Harvesting

The piezoelectric energy harvesters have been developed, and the corresponding performance has been improved in recent years. However, the electromechanical conversion efficiency of the piezoelectric energy harvester is still low, which is restricted due to the low electromechanical conversion performance of the piezoelectric ceramic itself. It is thus significant and meaningful to prepare piezoelectric ceramics with high electromechanical conversion performance. This paper mainly reviews research progress in the property modulation of piezoelectric ceramics with high electromechanical conversion performance, i.e., performance requirement of piezoelectric ceramics for energy harvesting under the non-resonant and the resonant state, the comparison of electromechanical conversion performance between the lead-based and lead-free piezoelectric ceramics for energy harvesting, and various design methods of piezoelectric ceramics to obtain high electromechanical conversion performance. In addition, some questions and research aspects for future studies in this field are proposed.
Characterization of the Exoproteome of Two Morphologically Distinct Cyanobacteria

In this work it was investigated the extracellular proteins (exoproteome) in a unicellular cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and a filamentous one, Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. The analysis was done in the presence of different nitrogen sources; nitrate and ammonium in both species and without combined nitrogen only in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 since Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is incapable of nitrogen fixation. The identification of the extracellular proteins was done with an ESI-ion trap mass spectrometry analysis. A total of 117 extracellular proteins were identified for Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 and 30 for Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Although most of the proteins identified had unknown functions it was notorious the presence of proteins related to the processing and acquisition of nutrients present in the medium. It was also identified proteins involved in the defense of oxidative stress in the Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 cultures. These proteins were further analyzed to confirm if indeed these proteins have activity in the extracellular milieu. To evaluate the contamination of the extracellular milieu with intracellular proteins, mutants expressing GFP exported to the periplasm were generated to ultimately verify the presence of the GFP in the exoproteome. Deletion mutants for the outer membrane pore (TolC) of the secretion pathway Type I were also generated for both species. In the future these mutants will be used to compare their extracellular proteins pattern against their respective wild type strain. The follow-up of the proteins identified in this work together with the characterization of the proteins identified will provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of survival of these bacteria in different environments. Key-Words: Extracellular proteins; Synechocystis; Anabaena; Protein Secretion FCUP Characterization of the Exoproteome of Two Morphologically Distinct Cyanobacteria VII
How to improve the process of forming biobased R&D collaborations

The transition towards a biobased economy requires innovations. In addition to the usual challenges of innovation trajectories, the characteristics of biobased innovations cause extra difficulties. To lower the failure rate of innovation trajectories in general, companies tend to form R&D collaborations. Choices made during the formation of such R&D collaborations play a key role in the project's success. Here, one may benefit from the social sciences. This paper presents a perspective on what the social sciences may bring to analyze and improve the formation process of biobased R&D collaborations. The paper also provides an overview of relevant innovation and transition models, and lists the dominant variables in such formation processes (biobased characteristics and general determinants), and the guidelines that seem useful. Although each model has its advantages, none of the innovation and transition models studied addresses both the phases of a formation process of a biobased R&D collaboration and the variables involved in each phase. Concerning the formation process of biobased R&D collaborations, the literature addresses social, organizational, technological, economic, and environmental variables. The key determinants of multi‐partner R&D collaborations are partner properties, motives to join a consortium, appropriability of a firm, and project properties. The descriptions of their influence on an R&D collaboration presented here can be used as guidelines, as recommendations, in processes for the formation of relatively less complex R&D collaborations. The influence of biobased characteristics – such as type of innovation (drop‐ins versus novel materials), biorefinery, biomass supply and technological challenges – on R&D collaboration have not been studied systematically as yet. © 2020 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts, and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of some Crocus (Iridaceae) species

The antioxidant activity was determined for the corm and the aerial parts of the species of Crocus olivieri subsp. istanbulensis, C. flavus subsp. flavus, C. danfordiae subsp. danfordiae and C. antalyensis subsp. antalyensis. The antioxidant activity was investigated by determining the percentage of 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity of ethanolic extracts at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. The highest antioxidant activity was found in the corm part of C. flavus subsp. flavus, whereas, the lowest value was detected in the aerial part of C. danfordiae subsp. danfordiae. For the total phenolic content, the highest and the lowest values were observed in the corm of C. olivieri subsp. istanbulensis at 390 mg GAE/100 g and in the aerial part of C. danfordiae subsp. danfordiae at 24.4 mg GAE/100 g, respectively.
On Suitable Copula Selection with Copula Garch Method

Copula function represents a method which defines the dependence structure of multivariate random variable and it is one of the most important new tools in finance. In this paper, we use combination of copula function and Garch model initially. Afterwards, two-step CopulaGARCH model is used to analyze the dependence structure of data sets. In the first step, we try to obtain standart residuals and construct marginal distributions. In this section, we take into account GARCH (1,1) with standardized Student-t (GARCH). In the second step, for dependence structures of the data sets, we calculate Kendall Tau and Spearman Rho which are nonparametric. With the help of this method, copula parameters are obtained. 0T By means of the 0Tmaximumlikelihood estimation method, we get likelihood values for copula families. These values, Akaike information criteria (AIC) and Schwartz information criteria (SIC), are used to determine which copula is suitable for the data set.
In vitro studies on the effect of rhizobacteria, Phytotherapeutic substances and chemicals on egg hatching of Meloidogyne graminicola

Nematicidal activity of rhizobacteria, Phytotherapeutic substances and chemicals on egg hatching of was assayed against Meloidogyne graminicola. In laboratory assays extracts from Azadirachta indica, Phyllanthus niruri, Achyranthes aspera, Eucalyptus globulus and Xanthium strumarium, free culture filtrate from strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens (P36), Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus (33-47) and Azotobacter chroococcum (Mac 27,HT 54, HT 57) from chemicals, carbosulfan and cartap hydrochloride showed inhibitory effect on the hatching of eggs of M. graminicola. The maximum hatching inhibition observed in Azotobacter chroococcum HT 54, A. indica and carbosulfan with a 19.3 %, 19.0 %, 14.3 % respectively in 1:5 concentration in all exposure period. Minimum hatching was recorded with A. indica i.e. 8.0 larvae at 1:5 followed by Xanthium strumarium (12.7) at 1:5 after 24 hrs. Among chemicals, carbosulfan showed maximum inhibitory effect followed by cartap hydrochloride. Minimum hatching was recorded with carbosulfan i.e. 14.3 larvae at 1:5 followed by cartap hydrochloride (15.8) at 1:5 after 8 days of exposure. The maximum egg hatching i.e. 94.7 larvae at 8 days was recorded with distilled water check. The rate of hatching was inversely proportional to concentration of substances with of exposure period, as it decreased with increases in concentration viz., 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, 1:40 and 1:80.
Pomegranate alleviates metabolic syndrome: A Systematic review

Currently the role of fruit as dietary supplement and as a prophylactic therapeutic agent in treating chronic degenerative long term illness is gaining interest. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a nutritious dense fruit that imparts several health benefits. Various parts of pomegranate such as the fruit, seed, stem, peel, rind and leaves contains bioactive constituents that are reported to possess medicinal and therapeutic properties. The information pertaining to this review article was obtained from accessible journals in several databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Embase. The search terms used were "pomegranate" and "punica granatum". Result of several scientific research studies highlights the role of pomegranate in treating chronic diseases such as diabetes, blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases. Though the present review article clearly portrays the medicinal properties of pomegranate, further and more research is necessary to exploit and unravel other useful and unknown medicinal properties of pomegranate.