Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High Pleural Pressure Prevents Alveolar Overdistension and Hemodynamic Collapse in ARDS with Class III Obesity.

Rationale: Obesity is characterized by elevated pleural pressure (PPL) and worsening atelectasis during mechanical ventilation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Objectives: To determine the effects of lung recruitment maneuver (LRM) in the presence of elevated PPL on hemodynamics, left and right ventricular pressures and pulmonary vascular resistance. We hypothesized that elevated PPL protects the cardiovascular system against high airway pressures and prevents lung overdistension. Methods: First, an interventional crossover trial in adult subjects with ARDS and BMI ≥35 kg/m2 (n=21) was performed to explore the hemodynamic consequences of LRM. Second, cardiovascular function was studied during low/high PEEPs in a model of swine with ARDS and high PPL (n=9) versus healthy swine with normal PPL (n=6). Measurements and Main Results: Subjects with ARDS and obesity (BMI=57±12 kg/m2), following LRM, required an increase in PEEP of 8[7, 10] cmH2O above traditional ARDSnet settings to improve lung function, oxygenation and ventilation/perfusion matching, without impairment of hemodynamics or right heart function. ARDS swine with high PPL demonstrated unchanged transmural left ventricle pressure and systemic blood pressure after LRM protocol. Pulmonary artery hypertension decreased 8[13, 4] mmHg, as did vascular resistance 1.5[2.2, 0.9] WU, and transmural right ventricle pressure 10[15, 6] mmHg during exhalation. LRM and PEEP decreased pulmonary vascular resistance and normalized ventilation/perfusion ratio. Conclusions: High airway pressure is required to recruit lung atelectasis in patients with ARDS and class III obesity but causes minimal overdistension. Additionally, patients with ARDS and class III obesity tolerate hemodynamically LRM with high airway pressure.
Effects of Housing and Sex on Growth Performance of Coturnix Quails in the Derived Savannah Zone of Nigeria

This study focused on the effect of housing and sex on the growth traits of coturnix quails. A total number of 200 day-old mixed sexes quail chicks were procured for the study. The birds were separated into deep litter and cage from 3rd week of age. Sex separation was also carried out at the same time. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks and the growth traits measured on weekly basis were body weight, wing length, thigh length and breast girth. Analyzed data showed that female quails had significantly (P<0.01) superior growth rates than males across the two housing systems, that is, the former recorded higher mean values in body weight and other linear body parameters than the latter. The former also had broader breast, longer thigh and wing. These attributes could be employed in distinguishing between sexes during any breeding and selection programmes. In addition, the findings of this work reveal the superiority of cage system over that of deep litter in all the production traits evaluated. There were higher mean values in body weight of cage birds when compared with those on deep litter. It was observed that all the birds irrespective of their sexes grew in size with advancing age, although the rate of growth decreased from 7th week onwards. For increased quail meat production and regular supply of animal proteins for human consumption, female quails should be reared in large quantities and cage system of rearing should be adopted.
Who Signs? Language Ideologies about Deaf and Hearing Child Signers in One Family in Mexico

Abstract:Little is known about local, vernacular language ideologies about sign language development in deaf and hearing children in diverse communicative ecologies from the perspectives of caregivers. In this article, I argue for the interpretative value of repeated long-term linguistic ethnography for investigating language ideologies as they relate to language practices in different communicative situations. I present a case study of a family with a deaf caregiver, Regina, and two children, Angelica and Martha, who have invented their own communication system known as "making hands" in rural Oaxaca, Mexico. Using the linguistic ethnography approach, I analyze how the caregiver holds different language ideologies toward children's signing competence based on their age and audiological status, and how they shift over time. I also make explicit my positionality as a researcher for its role in shaping the research process of investigating language ideologies.
Keeping Track of Time: The Role of Spatial and Embodied Cognition in the Comprehension of Nonlinear Storyworlds

abstract:What allows an audience to make sense of stories with complex nonlinear time structures that are radically different from everyday experience? To address this question, we distinguish between two types of narrative nonlinearity: nonlinear storytelling (a non-chronological presentation of events in the narration) and nonlinear storyworlds (nonlinearity as a feature of the narrated world, for instance by way of time-travel or temporal loops). With most scholarly attention focusing on the former, here we focus on the latter, as the question of what allows audiences to make sense of strange and impossible storyworld temporalities has remained somewhat overlooked. Drawing on the available research on text comprehension, we first discuss how both strategies of nonlinearity affect narrative comprehension differently. We then ask what cognitive abilities allow spectators to engage with nonlinear storyworlds. Drawing on insights from conceptual metaphor theory and mental timeline theory, we propose that the comprehension of nonlinear storyworlds is facilitated by the cognitive ability to mentally represent time in terms of space. By metaphorically blending spatial and embodied concepts into narrative timelines, strategies of spatial mental representation allow spectators to conceive and comprehend various forms of phenomenologically non-experienceable time structures—a hypothesis we seek to demonstrate through several cases of nonlinear storyworlds from contemporary complex cinema.
Effect of Organic Residues and Their Derived Biochars on the Zinc and Copper Chemical Fractions and Some Chemical Properties of a Calcareous Soil

ABSTRACT Addition of more resistant organic materials, such as biochars, to soils not only enhances soil C sequestration but also can also benefit soil fertility. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two organic materials (sheep manure and vermicompost) and their biochars produced at two pyrolysis temperatures (300 and 500°C) applied at 5% (w/w) on the chemical fractions of Zn and Cu and some chemical characteristics of an unpolluted, light textured calcareous soil. Addition of the raw organic materials and their-derived biochars significantly enhanced plant available K, P, and Zn but significantly decreased plant available Cu in the soil. Sheep manure biochar produced at 300°C was most effective at increasing plant available P (13-fold) and K (1.9 fold) likely due to formation of more soluble forms of P and K compared to raw material or biochar produced at higher temperature (500°C). Whereas, raw vermicompost and sheep manure were most effective at enhancing plant available Zn, by increasing water soluble and exchangeable Zn fraction likely due to organic complexation. All amendments, especially biochars produced at 300°C reduced water soluble and exchangeable Cu mainly attributed to increased soil P availability. The results of this study showed that in the short-term, addition of the low-temperature biochars was best for enhancing soil P and K availability, but concomitantly reduced Cu availability the most, whereas, addition of the raw organic materials was better for enhancing Zn availability compared to the biochars.
Excavando el pasado del caribe insular venezolano: historia e historiografía de los primeros 100 años de arqueología en las islas de Cubagua y Margarita 1915–2019

Abstract:The present investigation seeks to make a historical and historiographical balance on archeology in the insular Caribbean of the Venezuelan northeast. The main conclusions point to an archeology centered on three major problems: (1) the prehispanic settlement of the Venezuelan insular region and its implications for the settlement of the rest of the Caribbean islands; (2) the study of the first moments of the Atlantic World expansion that takes place on the island of Cubagua with the beginning of the exploitation of the pearl farms and the birth and disappearance of the city of Nueva Cádiz founded during the first half of the XVI century and; (3) The attempts to develop the value of the archaeological heritage of the island of Cubagua and its appropriation by communities and public and private institutions.Resumen:La presente investigación pretende hacer un balance histórico e historiográfico sobre la arqueología en el Caribe insular del nororiente venezolano en las islas de Margarita y Cubagua. Las principales conclusiones apuntan a una arqueología centrada en torno a tres grandes problemas: (1) el poblamiento prehispánico de la región insular venezolana y sus implicaciones en el poblamiento del resto de las islas de Caribe; (2) el estudio de los primeros momentos de la expansión del Mundo Atlántico, que tiene lugar en la isla de Cubagua con el inicio de la explotación de las granjerías de perlas y el nacimiento y desaparición de la ciudad de Nueva Cádiz, fundada durante la primera mitad del siglo XVI y; (3) Los intentos por desarrollar la puesta en valor del patrimonio arqueológico de la isla de Cubagua y su apropiación por parte de las comunidades e instituciones públicas y privadas. Résumé:La présente enquête visait à établir un équilibre historique et historiographique sur l’archéologie dans les Caraïbes insulaires du nordest du Venezuela sur les îles de Margarita et Cubagua. Les principales conclusions indiquent une archéologie centrée sur trois problèmes majeurs, (1) le règlement préhispanique de la région insulaire vénézuélienne et ses implications sur le règlement du reste des îles des Caraïbes, (2) l’étude des premiers moments de l’expansion du Monde Atlantique qui a lieu sur l’île de Cubagua avec le début de l’exploitation des fermes perlières et la naissance et la disparition de la ville de Nueva Cádiz fondée pendant la première moitié du XVIe siècle et, (3) les tentatives pour développer la valorisation du patrimoine archéologique de l’île de Cubagua et son appropriation par les communautés et les institutions publiques et privées.
Expression patterns of MyoD and MEF2 genes during the development of Nanyang cattle longissimus dorsi muscle

The expressions of MyoD and MEF2 genes were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR in Nanyang cattle longissimus dorsi muscle from 3 month old to 24 month old.The results showed that the expression of MyoD raised from 3 month old and reached the top at 18 month old,then decreased at 24 month old,Showing a tendency of rising first and declining then.the expression of MEF2A was the lowest at 3 month old and reached high level at 12 month old and 18 month old.The expression of MEF2B showed an ascending tendency from 3 month old to 24 month old.The expression of MEF2C showed small changes during the experimental session and had the lowest expression level at 3 month old.The expression of MEF2D had significant higher expression levels at 12 month old and 18 month old than at 3 month old,showing an apparent tendency of ascending first and descending then.
An Iliopsoas Impingement Lesion in the Absence of Painful Internal Snapping May Not Require Iliopsoas Fractional Lengthening

Background: Iliopsoas impingement (IPI) has been associated with a distinct lesion on the anterior labrum. Iliopsoas fractional lengthening (IFL) can treat IPI in instances of painful internal snapping (PIS) and mechanical groin pain. Purpose: To report minimum 2-year outcomes of patients without PIS who had an IPI lesion diagnosed intraoperatively that did not undergo IFL (+IPI –PIS –IFL) as compared with a matched group of patients with PIS and an IPI lesion that was treated with IFL (+IPI +PIS +IFL). Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Data on all patients who underwent primary hip arthroscopy between May 2009 and June 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were included if they underwent hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement–related pathology, an IPI lesion was diagnosed intraoperatively, and they had minimum 2-year postoperative scores for the following: modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Nonarthritic Hip Score (NAHS), Hip Outcome Score-Sports Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS), iHOT-12 (International Hip Outcome Tool–12), patient satisfaction, and visual analog score (VAS) for pain. Patients were propensity score matched based on the following criteria: age, body mass index, follow-up time, sex, labral treatment, femoroplasty, and acetabuloplasty. Results: A total of 412 hips were eligible for the current study, of which 336 (81.6%) had 2-year follow-up. The matching process established 37 hips in the +IPI –PIS –IFL group and 87 hips in the +IPI +PIS +IFL group. Both groups experienced significant improvements from presurgery to latest follow-up for all recorded patient-reported outcomes (PROs). The +IPI –PIS –IFL group compared favorably with the +IPI +PIS +IFL group for mHHS (86.0 vs 86.1; P = .53), NAHS (83.0 vs 84.7; P = .40), and HOS-SSS (78.1 vs 76.5; P = .87). Additionally, iHOT-12, VAS, patient satisfaction, and rates of achieving the minimal clinically important difference for mHHS, NAHS, and HOS-SSS were similar between groups at the latest follow-up. Conclusion: Patients without PIS who were diagnosed with an IPI lesion intraoperatively and did not undergo IFL had similar and favorable improvements in PROs, VAS, and satisfaction to a matched cohort with PIS who had IFL performed. Thus, an IPI lesion in the absence of PIS may not require IFL.
C9orf72 poly(GR) aggregation induces TDP-43 proteinopathy

G4C2 repeat–derived poly(GR) plays a key role in mediating TDP-43 mislocalization and aggregation in vitro and in vivo. Unraveling protein clumping Repeat expansion in the C9orf72 gene causes amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), two neurodegenerative disorders with common features. A proportion of patients with ALS/FTD present cytoplasmic TDP-43 aggregates in the brain. The mechanisms mediating the formation of TDP-43 aggregates are unclear. Now, Cook et al. show that a poly glycine-arginine protein [poly(GR)] produced by the repeat expansion enhanced the formation of TDP-43 aggregates in vitro and in vivo in mice by altering nucleocytoplasmic transport. Targeting the repeat expansion with a specific antisense oligonucleotide reduced the formation of TDP-43 aggregates. The results shine the light on the mechanisms mediating the formation of toxic aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases. TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) inclusions are a pathological hallmark of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), including cases caused by G4C2 repeat expansions in the C9orf72 gene (c9FTD/ALS). Providing mechanistic insight into the link between C9orf72 mutations and TDP-43 pathology, we demonstrated that a glycine-arginine repeat protein [poly(GR)] translated from expanded G4C2 repeats was sufficient to promote aggregation of endogenous TDP-43. In particular, toxic poly(GR) proteins mediated sequestration of full-length TDP-43 in an RNA-independent manner to induce cytoplasmic TDP-43 inclusion formation. Moreover, in GFP-(GR)200 mice, poly(GR) caused the mislocalization of nucleocytoplasmic transport factors and nuclear pore complex proteins. These mislocalization events resulted in the aberrant accumulation of endogenous TDP-43 in the cytoplasm where it co-aggregated with poly(GR). Last, we demonstrated that treating G4C2 repeat–expressing mice with repeat-targeting antisense oligonucleotides lowered poly(GR) burden, which was accompanied by reduced TDP-43 pathology and neurodegeneration, including lowering of plasma neurofilament light (NFL) concentration. These results contribute to clarification of the mechanism by which poly(GR) drives TDP-43 proteinopathy, confirm that G4C2-targeted therapeutics reduce TDP-43 pathology in vivo, and demonstrate that alterations in plasma NFL provide insight into the therapeutic efficacy of disease-modifying treatments.
Social media in times of crisis: Learning from Hurricane Harvey for the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic response

In recent times societal crises such as the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak have given rise to a tension between formal ‘command and control’ and informal social media activated self-organising information and communication systems that are utilised for crisis management decision-making. Social media distrust affects the dissemination of disaster information as it entails shifts in media perception and participation but also changes in the way individuals and organisations make sense of information in critical situations. So far, a little considered notion in this domain is the concept of sense-giving. Originating from organisational theory, it is used to explain the mechanisms behind intentional information provision that fosters collective meaning creation. In our study, we seek to understand the potential impact of sense-giving from Twitter crisis communication generated during the Hurricane Harvey disaster event. Social network and content analyses performed with a dataset of 9,414,463 tweets yielded insights into how sense-giving occurs during a large-scale disaster event. Theoretically, we specified (1) perpetual sense-giving, which relies primarily on topical authority and frequency; as well as (2) intermittent sense-giving, which occurs from high value of message content and leverage of popularity, that is, retweets. Our findings emphasise the importance of information-rich actors in communication networks and the leverage of their influence in crises such as coronavirus disease 2019 to reduce social media distrust and facilitate sense-making.
Cloning and sequence analysis of α_1-globin gene of yak

The α-globin gene of yak was amplified and cloned by using the primers based on the conserved region of the upstream from the initiation codon and the downstream from the termination codon.The putative amino acid was completely consistent with the known amino acid of yak α_1-globin chain,indicating the cloning sequence was yak α_1-globin gene with the length of 706 bp coding 141 amino acids.DNA sequence comparison with that of cattle,buffalo,goat,sheep,human,horse suggests the homologies being 99.71%,98.58%,96.03%,95.57%,68.55% and 51.13%,respectively;and amino acid comparison being 99.29%,96.45%,92.90%,91.49%,87.23% and 87.23%,respectively.The result of BLAST indicated that the α-globin gene of bovine subfamily was conserved in evolution.The A base at the 254th was the characteristic base of yak α_1-globin gene.The two α-globin genes of yak had equivalent length of 706 bp and their intergenic region had the length of 2.47 kb which is farther than that of goat.
Temporal stability of the ventral attention network and general cognition along the Alzheimer's disease spectrum

Understanding the interrelationships of clinical manifestations of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and functional connectivity (FC) as the disease progresses is necessary for use of FC as a neuroimaging biomarker. Degradation of resting-state networks in AD has been observed when FC is estimated over the entire scan, however, the temporal dynamics of these networks are less studied. We investigated the modular structure of static and time-varying FC along the AD spectrum in a two-sample Discovery/Validation design (n=80 and 81, respectively). Cortical static FC networks were estimated for 4 groups (cognitively normal, subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, and AD), at 2 brain parcellation resolutions (200 and 300 regions). Time-varying FC was estimated with a sliding window correlation approach. Modularity quality (across a range of spatial scales) did not differ in either static or time-varying approaches. Group differences in temporal stability within and between multiple resting state networks were observed; however, these differences were not consistent between samples. Correlation analyses identified a relationship between global cognition and temporal stability of the ventral attention network. This relationship was reproduced in both samples, parcellations, and at two different window lengths. While the ventral attention system has been predominantly studied in task-evoked designs, the relationship between its intrinsic dynamics at-rest and general cognition along the AD spectrum highlights its relevance regarding clinical manifestation of the disease.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Hospital Admissions from COVID-19 and Determining the Impact of Neighborhood Deprivation and Primary Language.

Importance Despite past and ongoing efforts to achieve health equity in the United States, persistent disparities in socioeconomic status along with multilevel racism maintain disparate outcomes and appear to be amplified by COVID-19. Objective Measure socioeconomic factors and primary language effects on the risk of COVID-19 severity across and within racial/ethnic groups. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Health records of 12 Midwest hospitals and 60 clinics in the U.S. between March 4, 2020 to August 19, 2020. Participants PCR+ COVID-19 patients. Patients missing race or ethnicity data or those diagnosed with COVID-19 during a hospitalization were excluded. Exposures Main exposures included race/ethnicity, area deprivation index (ADI), and primary language. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was COVID-19 severity using hospitalization within 45 days of diagnosis. Logistic and competing-risk regression models (censored at 45 days and accounting for the competing risk of death prior to hospitalization) assessed the effects of neighborhood-level deprivation (using the ADI) and primary language. Within race effects of ADI and primary language were measured using logistic regression. Results 5,577 COVID-19 patients were included, 866 (n=15.5%) were hospitalized within 45 days of diagnosis. Hospitalized patients were older (60.9 years, IQR: 45.7-75.9 vs. 40.4 years, IQR: 25.6-58.3, p<0.001) and more likely to be male (n=425 [49.1%] vs. 2,049 [43.5%], p=0.002). Of those requiring hospitalization, 43.9% (n=381), 19.9% (n=172), 18.6% (n=161), and 11.8% (n=102) were White, Black, Asian, and Hispanic, respectively. Independent of ADI, minority race/ethnicity was associated with COVID-19 severity; Hispanic patients (OR 3.8, 95% CI 2.72-5.30), Asians (OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.74-3.29), and Blacks (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.15-1.94). Surprisingly ADI was not associated with hospitalization; however, consistent trends within racial/ethnic groups were observed. Furthermore, non-English speaking (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.51-2.43) significantly increased odds of hospital admission across and within minority groups. Conclusions Minority populations have increased odds of severe COVID-19 independent of neighborhood deprivation, a commonly suspected driver of disparate outcomes during the pandemic. Non-English speaking also accounts for between and within minority populations. These results support continued concern that racism contributes to disparities during COVID-19 while also highlighting the underappreciated role primary language plays in COVID-19 severity across and within minority groups.