Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Topic Modeling Coherence: A Comparative Study between LDA and NMF Models using COVID’19 Corpus

Topic modeling is a method for finding abstract topics in a large collection of documents With it, it is possible to discover the mixture of hidden or “latent” topics that varies from document to document in a given corpus As an unsupervised machine learning approach, topic models are not easy to evaluate since there is no labelled “ground truth” data to compare with However, since topic modeling typically requires defining some parameters beforehand (first and foremost the number of topics k to be discovered), model evaluation is crucial in order to find an “optimal” set of parameters for the given data Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) and Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) are the two most popular topic modeling techniques LDA uses a probabilistic approach where as NMF uses matrix factorization approach In this paper we want to assess which most relevant technique for topic coherence using c_v measure, we have chosen citations’s Covid’19 Corpus for experimentations © 2020, World Academy of Research in Science and Engineering All rights reserved
Atxn2-CAG100-knock-in affects mouse lifespan and vestibulo-cerebellar function via neural disconnection

Unstable expansions in the Q22-polyglutamine domain of human ATXN2 mediate risks for motor neuron diseases such as ALS/FTLD or cause the autosomal dominant Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 2 (SCA2), but the pathogenesis is not understood and models are unavailable. We generated a novel knock-in mouse line with CAG100 expansion in Atxn2, transmitted unstably. The mutant protein accumulated in neuronal cytosolic aggregates, with a characteristic pattern of multi-system-atrophy. Loss-of-function phenotypes included less mutant offspring, initial weight gain and motor hyperactivity. Progressive toxic aggregation effects started around 20 weeks in homozygous animals showing weight loss, reduced muscle strength and gait ataxia. Lifespan was decreased. In the cerebellum, neuronal soma and dendrites were remarkably spared. However, myelin proteins MBP, CNP, PLP1 and transcripts Mal, Mobp, Rtn4 decreased markedly, especially adhesion factors MAG and MOG. In neurons, strong reductions were found for mRNAs of perineuronal elements Haplnl, Hapln2, Hapln4, of axonal myelin interactors Prnp and Klk6. At protein level, the adhesion factor neuroplastin and neurofilaments were strongly reduced, while presynaptic alpha-synuclein increased two-fold. Overall, this authentic SCA2 mouse model elucidates how altered function and aggregation toxicity of ATXN2 conspire to trigger axon-myelin disconnection. This model will promote the development of neuroprotective therapies and disease biomarkers.
Rejecting wake-rotor overlapping load disturbances: An extension to active power control of wind farms

This paper studies an extension to the active power control of wind farms for further structural load alleviation of waked wind turbines. We demonstrate that the structural fatigue loading of a downstream turbine, which its rotor overlaps with wakes of its upwind turbine, can be significantly alleviated, while the wind farm power production follows a power reference signal. A load variations model is proposed, based on the multi-rotor concept, to sense the variations of the wind velocity and the associated loading across the rotor area of a single wind turbine. Then, an individual rotor control is proposed to reject the rotor-wake overlapping load disturbances about an operating condition, commanded with the closed-loop APC at the wind farm level. The applicability and key features of the controller are discussed with a wind farm example consisting of 2×2 turbines. A large-eddy simulation model is employed for resolving the turbulent flow, the wake structures and its interaction with an atmospheric boundary layer. The effectiveness of the proposed load disturbance rejection is evaluated using the damage equivalent load of the tower base fore-aft bending and torsional moments of the individual wind turbines.
Gels, jets, mosquitoes, and magnets: a review of implantation strategies for soft neural probes

Implantable neuroelectronic interfaces have enabled breakthrough advances in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders, as well as in fundamental studies of brain function, behavior, and disease. Intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) mapping with stereo-EEG (sEEG) depth electrodes is routinely adopted for precise epilepsy diagnostics and surgical treatment, while deep brain stimulation has become the standard of care for managing movement disorders. Intracortical microelectrode arrays for high-fidelity recordings of neural spiking activity have led to impressive demonstrations of the power of brain-machine interfaces for motor and sensory functional recovery. Yet, despite the rapid pace of technology development, the issue of establishing a safe, long-term, stable, and functional interface between neuroelectronic devices and the host brain tissue still remains largely unresolved. A body of work spanning at least the last 15 years suggests that safe, chronic integration between invasive electrodes and the brain requires a close match between the mechanical properties of man-made components and the neural tissue. In other words, the next generation of invasive electrodes should be soft and compliant, without sacrificing biological and chemical stability. Soft neuroelectronic interfaces, however, pose a new and significant surgical challenge: bending and buckling during implantation that can preclude accurate and safe device placement. In this topical review, we describe the next generation of soft electrodes and the surgical implantation methods for safe and precise insertion into brain structures. We provide an overview of the most recent innovations in the field of insertion strategies for flexible neural electrodes such as dissolvable or biodegradable carriers, microactuators, biologically-inspired support structures, and electromagnetic drives. In our analysis, we also highlight approaches developed in different fields, such as robotic surgery, which could be potentially adapted and translated to the insertion of flexible neural probes.
Antennal sensilla of the armoured ground cricket, Eugaster powysi Kirby, 1891 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Hetrodinae)

Sensilla on the antennae of the adult armoured ground cricket, Eugaster powysi, were studied using scanning electron microscopy to determine the sensilla morphology and their possible chemoand mechanoreceptive functions for food detection. Twelve types or subtypes occur in males and thirteen in females: aporous sensilla chaetica (62.6 % of total sensilla in males, 63.5% in females) with a tactile mechanoreceptive function; uniporous sensilla chaetica of three subtypes (12.5-12.7%) with a contact chemoreceptive function; multiporous sensilla trichodea (5.6-7.9%); multiporous sensilla basiconica of three subtypes (13.1-13.9%); multiporous sensilla coeloconica (0.8-0.9%), all multiporous sensilla being olfactory receptors; aporous sensilla coeloconica (2.2%) and aporous sensilla coelocapitula (0.1% in female) with a possible thermohygroreceptive function; aporous Böhm sensilla (0.4-0.5%) and sensilla campaniformia (0.5-0.6%) which are proprioceptors. These results are related to the behaviour of Eugaster and compared with those obtained in other Orthoptera, Mantodea and Blattodea.
Towards Improving Methionine Content in Plants for Enhanced Nutritional Quality

Methionine is a nutritionally essential sulfur-containing amino acid whose low level in plants diminishes their value as a source of dietary protein for humans and animals. Methionine is also a fundamental metabolite in plant cells since, through its first metabolite Sadenosylmethionine (SAM), it controls the levels of several key metabolites, such as ethylene, polyamines and biotin. SAM is also the primary methyl group donor that regulates different processes in plants. Despite its nutritional and regulatory significance, the factors regulating its synthesis and catabolism in plants are not fully known. In recent years, genetic molecular biology techniques have been used to increase and decrease the expression levels of several genes encoded to enzymes in the methionine metabolism in order to gain more knowledge about its role in plant metabolism, as well as to increase methionine level and thus improve the nutritional quality of plants. In this review, recent progress made in the molecular characterization of these genes is summarized, and specific examples are given of the regulation of metabolic pathways required for a tailor-made improvement of methionine content, with minimal interference on plant growth, phenotype and productivity. Several different manipulations of methionine biosynthesis and metabolism pathways, in addition to the expression of methionine-rich storage proteins and their effects on plant methionine content, are described. The studies have resulted in the identification of steps important for the regulation of flux through the pathways and for the production of transgenic plants having increased free and protein-bound methionine. These molecular approaches have provided new insights into the control of methionine level in plants, and in many cases, have resulted in significant improvements in the nutritional value of plants.
Optical Absorption Cross-Section of DNA Bases—Thymine and Guanine—in the Energy Region from 3.1 to 250 eV (5–400 nm)

(1) Background: Optical absorption cross-section—the absolute absorption intensity specific to each molecule—of nucleic acid bases enables us to estimate the reaction yields of DNA lesions induced by the exposure to not only photons but also ionizing radiations. However, it was unknown in the energy region exceeding ~10 eV (wavelength < ~120 nm). (2) Methods: Thin films of DNA bases—thymine and guanine—were prepared using a vacuum sublimation technique. Absorption spectra of these films were measured in the energy region from 3.1 to 250 eV (5–400 nm) at the synchrotron radiation facility UVSOR. (3) Results: The absorption spectra of both bases exhibited prominent absorption peaks around 20 eV and smaller peaks in the energy region below 10 eV. The determined optical oscillator strength distribution was verified to be reasonable based on the Thomas–Reiche–Kuhn oscillator strength sum rule. (4) Conclusion: Most of the oscillator strength distribution was positioned in the measured energy region, and therefore the absorption spectra significantly contributed to the quantitative study for the photo and radiation-chemical reactions of DNA.
Identification and analysis of RNA structural disruptions induced by single nucleotide variants using Riprap and RiboSNitchDB

Abstract RNA conformational alteration has significant impacts on cellular processes and phenotypic variations. An emerging genetic factor of RNA conformational alteration is a new class of single nucleotide variant (SNV) named riboSNitch. RiboSNitches have been demonstrated to be involved in many genetic diseases. However, identifying riboSNitches is notably difficult as the signals of RNA structural disruption are often subtle. Here, we introduce a novel computational framework–RIboSNitch Predictor based on Robust Analysis of Pairing probabilities (Riprap). Riprap identifies structurally disrupted regions around any given SNVs based on robust analysis of local structural configurations between wild-type and mutant RNA sequences. Compared to previous approaches, Riprap shows higher accuracy when assessed on hundreds of known riboSNitches captured by various experimental RNA structure probing methods including the parallel analysis of RNA structure (PARS) and the selective 2′-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension (SHAPE). Further, Riprap detects the experimentally validated riboSNitch that regulates human catechol-O-methyltransferase haplotypes and outputs structurally disrupted regions precisely at base resolution. Riprap provides a new approach to interpreting disease-related genetic variants. In addition, we construct a database (RiboSNitchDB) that includes the annotation and visualization of all presented riboSNitches in this study as well as 24 629 predicted riboSNitches from human expression quantitative trait loci.
The Effect of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Flowers Extract on the Apoptosis of Fibroblast Proliferation in Keloids

BACKGROUND: Keloid is a benign fibroproliferative dermal disorder as a result of dysregulation wound healing process in susceptible individuals. The pathogenesis is not clearly known yet, but upregulation of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) was found to have a significant role in inducing hyperproliferation of fibroblast cells. Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) flower extract has been found to have high content of polyphenols. Some studies have shown inhibition effect of H. sabdariffa polyphenols extract on TGF-β1, and as result affects fibroblast proliferation. Therefore, roselle flower extract might have a significant role in the prevention of keloid formation. AIM: The objective of the study was to determine the effect of roselle flower extract on fibroblast cells proliferation in human keloid. METHODS: An experimental controlled trial of 10 different concentrations (1.96 μg/ml, 3.91 μg/ml, 7.81 μg/ml, 15.63 μg/ml, 31.25 μg/ml, 62.50 μg/ml, 125 μg/ml, 250 μg/ml, 500 μg/ml, and 1000 μg/ml) of roselle (H. sabdariffa L.) flower extract was done on cultured fibroblast cells originated from human keloid biopsied tissue. Tunnel assay was done to evaluate the apoptosis rate of the cultured fibroblast cells on each concentration. Determination of TGF-β1 titer of the cultured human keloid fibroblast cells in and cytotoxicity assay of the extract on cultured normal human fibroblast cells in each concentration were done with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. All the assays were done in triple repetition. Statistical analysis using linear regression test was done to determine the association between the concentration of roselle flower extract with apoptosis rate and TGF-β1 titer. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the results of cytotoxicity assay. RESULTS: Apoptosis rate of the cultured fibroblast cells was found to be increased dose dependently with roselle flower extract concentration (r2 = 0.797; p < 0.05). TGF-β1 titer was inversely related with the extract concentration (r2 = 0.501; p < 0.05). Cytotoxicity assay revealed that no differences in absorbance value and viability cells were found in each concentration. CONCLUSION: Roselle (H. sabdariffa L.) flower extract was found to induce apoptosis of the cultured fibroblast cells and reduction of TGF-β1 titer in dose-dependent pattern, without cytotoxicity effect against human fibroblast cells.
Convergence rates of the Heavy-Ball method with Lojasiewicz property

In this paper, a joint study of the behavior of solutions of the Heavy Ball ODE and Heavy Ball type algorithms is given. Since the pioneering work of B.T. Polyak [38], it is well known that such a scheme is very efficient for C 2 strongly convex functions with Lipschitz gradient. But much less is known when only growth conditions are considered. Depending on the geometry of the function to minimize, convergence rates for convex functions, with some additional regularity such as quasi-strong convexity, or strong convexity, were recently obtained in [12]. Convergence results with much weaker assumptions are given in the present paper: namely, linear convergence rates when assuming a growth condition (which amounts to a Lojasiewicz property in the convex case). This analysis is firstly performed in continuous time for the ODE, and then transposed for discrete optimization schemes. In particular, a variant of the Heavy Ball algorithm is proposed, which converges geometrically whatever the parameters choice, and which has the best state of the art convergence rate for first order methods to minimize composite non smooth convex functions satisfying a Lojasiewicz property.
Classification of Hemocytes from Four Crustaceans and Cross-Reactivity of Their Antisera

ABSTRACT Common antigens and analyzed the hemocytes of the lady crab (Charybdis japonica) were studied. Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis), Dungeness crab (Cancer magister), and red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) using a laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM), flow cytometry (FCM), Western blotting (WB), and transmission electron microscopy. In this paper analyzed hemocyte classification and immunological characteristics of the whole proteins in these species and their antisera. Four antisera positively cross-reacted, to varying degrees, with hemocytes of the four species. Two subpopulations were classified in C. japonica, P. camtschaticus, and E. sinensis and three in C. magister. The LSCM results showed that four antisera were positive with the hemocytes of the four crustacean species, respectively. Dot fluorescent signals on the hemocyte membranes show a cricoid intensive distribution. FCM analysis showed a positive rate of cross-reaction, in which the reaction of the antisera with its own hemocytes was higher than that with other species' hemocytes. The positive rate of granulocytes was always higher than that of hyalinocytes. Western blotting results showed that the four antisera mainly recognized antigens with molecular weights of about 75 or 80 kDa in the hemocytes of C. japonica, 80 or 90 kDa in the hemocytes of P. camtschaticus, 30 and 82 kDa in the hemocytes of E. sinensis, and 43 or 70 kDa in the hemocytes of C. magister. More lanes reacted between hemocytes of E. sinensis and C. magister and their antisera. The results indicate antigenic similarities among the hemocytes of the four crustacean species.
Determinants of agricultural commercialization in Offa District, Ethiopia

Abstract The Agricultural policies in Ethiopia to improve the commercial orientation of farmers require identification of challenges at farmer level and in-depth action to shift the sector. It needs more works to be done to transform the country’s current subsistence oriented production system of smallholder farmers. Considering this fact, the current study aimed to identify the factors affecting the degree of agricultural commercialization of smallholder farm outputs in the Offa district of Ethiopia. Primary data was collected from 120 randomly selected households using a semi-structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics to describe the output market participation and difference. Furthermore, the Tobit econometric model was used to find determinants of the degree of agricultural commercialization of smallholder farms. A total of 11 explanatory variables were considered in the regression. Total cultivated land size, education, household head age, and access to transport were found significantly determining the intensity of farm output side commercialization. Concerning development authorities should focus on these variables in design, promotion, and implementation of policies and programs to increase rural household participation in commercialization and to secure its benefits in the area.
Benefits of exclusive breastfeeding: An integrative review

Available online at: http://npt.tums. ac.ir Background & Aim: The importance of breastfeeding and its exclusivity in the first six months of a child’s life is worldwide recognized. Despite that adherence to exclusive breastfeeding is far from international standards. Therefore, updating evidence on this topic is essential to demonstrate to parents and health professionals the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding, demystifying ideas, and promoting adherence. Methods & Materials: An integrative review was conducted with a search in Medline, SciELO, and CINHAL databases, with the descriptors “breastfeeding", "breast", "feeding", "breastfeeding", "exclusive" and "benefits”, combined with the Boolean operator "AND" and “OR”, for studies published between 2014 and 2019. Of the 221 studies identified, eight were included for review. Results: Short-term and long-term benefits of exclusive breastfeeding for children were identified such as healthier eating habits, reduced length of hospital stay, favorable weight increase, lower body mass index, lower adiposity, lower total cholesterol values, better cognitive and behavioral development, as well as stability of metabolic levels in children with metabolic disorders. Conclusion: There are benefits for exclusive breastfeeding that must be explained to parents. Nurses must incorporate the best available evidence into their practice to enable parents to realize the impact of the choice of exclusive breastfeeding on the child's health, increasing their adherence.
On the Interdecadal Change in the Interannual Variation in Autumn Snow Cover Over the Central Eastern Tibetan Plateau in the Mid‐1990s

The interdecadal changes in the mechanisms accounting for the interannual variation in autumn snow cover over the central eastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) are investigated in this study. An autumn snow index is constructed by area averaging the snow cover over the central eastern TP. The snow index changed from a predominantly negative phase to a positive phase in 1995. Then, the data were divided into two subperiods, 1979–1994 (P1) and 1995–2017 (P2), and the differences in the mechanisms accounting for the variation in autumn snow cover were compared between P1 and P2. An analysis of the local process shows that the autumn snow cover variations over the central eastern TP are caused by snowfall from both autumn and late summer. The autumn snow cover variation over the central eastern TP imposed more significant atmospheric cooling effects during P1 than P2. During P2, except for the local process, the interannual variation in autumn snow cover in the central eastern TP is also affected by atmospheric circulation anomalies originating from the upstream North Atlantic Ocean. During P2, snow‐related North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies (SSTA) can induce a wave train‐like atmospheric pattern that propagates eastward across the Eurasian continent and reaches the TP. Further analysis shows that this wave train‐like atmospheric pattern over the midlatitude Eurasian continent mainly obtains energy from climatological mean flow through baroclinic energy conversion. In contrast, during P1, the North Atlantic SSTA‐related atmospheric circulation pattern tends to propagate northeastward and cannot contribute to the variation in autumn snow cover over the central eastern TP.
Stochastic Modeling of Food Insecurity

Recent advances in food insecurity classification have made analytical approaches to predict and inform response to food crises possible. This paper develops a predictive, statistical framework to identify drivers of food insecurity risk with simulation capabilities for scenario analyses, risk assessment and forecasting purposes. It utilizes a panel vector-autoregression to model food insecurity distributions of 15 Sub-Saharan African countries between October 2009 and February 2019. Statistical variable selection methods are employed to identify the most important agronomic, weather, conflict and economic variables. The paper finds that food insecurity dynamics are asymmetric and past-dependent, with low insecurity states more likely to transition to high insecurity states than vice versa. Conflict variables are more relevant for dynamics in highly critical stages, while agronomic and weather variables are more important for less critical states. Food prices are predictive for all cases. A Bayesian extension is introduced to incorporate expert opinions through the use of priors, which lead to significant improvements in model performance.