Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A case of neighboring loci with similar effects.

T HAS been assumed, more or less as a matter of course, that the hereditary I unit in the chromosome which is not broken by crossing over-that is, the gene-also functions as a physiological unit in development. Such an assumption is indeed required by most of the evidence upon which rests _ the basic postulate of genetics-the occurrence of sharp segregation of qlleles-since the segregating units are recognized by their phenotypic effects and the different allelic conditions of the unit of segregation generally retain a certain unity and relatedness in their effects on development. There is, moreover, the fact which emerged when the first “maps” of the Drosophila chromosomes appeared, and which is generally true in linkage maps in other animals and plants, that gene loci are scattered through the chromosomes without regard to developmental effect. Loci which are so close as to be seldom separated by crossing over do not necessarily resemble each other in their effects, while those with chief effects on very different structures or functions may occur near together or far apart. The differential physiological effect of each allele appears to derive from its own locus, dependent, of course, on cooperaking influences from other loci and from the environment. This statement remains generally true in spite of the proof that in a few cases the effect of a gene is changed when its position is changed. The observed position effects in Drosophila represent changes in the magnitude of an effect, like those associated with changes a t the same locus; they do not alter the fact of qualitative dissimilarity between neighboring loci. A third fact of interest is that what seems to be the same differential effect on development may be brought about by any one of several distinct loci in different parts of the chromosome complement. When these are widely separated, it can be supposed that each represents the same type of change in an element that is repeated in several parts of the chromatin. I n fact the correlation between repeated chromosomes (polyploidy) and repeated loci (duplicate genes) receives its best interpretation from just such a supposition. The question has seldom been asked “what meaning is to be attached to such mimic or duplicate genes when they are very near to each other in the chromosome and when their effects are not identical but only very similar? ” Such questions present themselves when actual cases of this sort are found, and even though such cases are rare, they suggest hypotheses which call into
Central Prolactin Modulates Insulin Sensitivity and Insulin Secretion in Diabetic Rats

Background: Prolactin secretion is self-regulating as it acts upon hypothalamic dopaminergic systems which inhibit prolactin release from the anterior pitutary. Circulating prolactin improves glucose homeostasis by increasing insulin action and secretion, but central prolactin effects on glucose homeostasis have not been examined. Here, we determined that chronic central infusion of prolactin modulates insulin resistance and β-cell function and mass in 90% of pancreatectomized diabetic male rats. Methods: Diabetic rats were divided into three groups according to the dose of intracerebroventricular infusion of prolactin during 4 weeks: (1) low-dose prolactin (Low-PRL; 0.1 µg/h), (2) high-dose prolactin (High-PRL; 1 µg/h) and (3) vehicle only (cerebrospinal fluid). Nondiabetic rats were centrally infused with the vehicle. Results: Chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of Low-PRL lowered body weight and epididymal fat pads by increasing hypothalamic dopamine levels that reduced serum prolactin levels and potentiated leptin signaling. However, High-PRL slightly exacerbated energy dysregulation, decreased hypothalamic dopamine levels, and elevated serum prolactin levels. Both dosages promoted β-cell mass but in a different manner: Low-PRL decreased β-cell apoptosis, whereas High-PRL increased its proliferation. However, only Low-PRL enhanced first-phase insulin secretion and improved insulin sensitivity at a hyperglycemic state in comparison to the control. Low-PRL also increased glucose infusion rates and decreased hepatic glucose output in hyperinsulinemic states, signifying an improvement in hepatic insulin sensitivity. However, High-PRL exacerbated hepatic insulin resistance compared with the control diabetic rats. Conclusions: In contrast to the exacerbation of insulin resistance caused by High-PRL, Low-PRL may improve energy and glucose metabolism by increasing hypothalamic dopamine levels in diabetic rats.
CPD-photolyase adenovirus-mediated gene transfer in normal and DNA-repair-deficient human cells

Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) are the most frequent and deleterious lesions generated in the mammalian genome after UV-C irradiation. The persistence of these lesions in DNA can be toxic and mutagenic, and also represents a specific signal to apoptosis. To investigate the CPDs repair in situ and consequent UV-induced apoptosis in human cells, we generated a recombinant adenovirus vector containing the gene encoding a CPD-photolyase-EGFP fusion protein (Adphr-EGFP). Adphr-EGFP-infected cells are proficient in photorepair, which prevents apoptotic cell death in comparison with samples kept in the dark, indicating that the fusion protein is functional in CPD recognition and removal. By using local UV irradiation, foci of the photolyase fusion protein were observed in UV-damaged areas of the nuclei in colocalization with NER enzymes. Phr-EGFP migration to CPD sites and redistribution after photorepair was followed, and shown to present similar kinetics in normal or DNA-repair-deficient cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an investigation of CPDs repair in situ employing a CPD-photolyase-EGFP enzyme. The Adphr-EGFP vector can be an informative tool to investigate the repair and cellular consequences of UV-induced lesions in primary human cells.
Design and simulation of an RF power amplifier integrated harmonic suppression antenna for WiMAX applications

Modern communication systems demand high efficiency RF Power amplifiers (PA) forcing them to be operated close to their nonlinear region resulting in the generation of harmonics and intermodulation products. To reject these harmonics and to reduce the electromagnetic interference, a harmonic suppression antenna is integrated directly with the power amplifier using the concept of Active Integrated Antenna. This method results in improved power output and hence yields high efficiency RF power amplifiers with reduced electromagnetic interference. This paper deals with the design and simulation of a class AB RF power ampifier integrated with a harmonic suppression antenna intended for WiMax applications. The harmonic suppression antenna design, the power amplifier design, the design of the active integrated antenna with the amplifier and the simulation results are presented.
A Robust Image Copy Detection Method Based On Feature Extraction Algorithm

Detecting copied versions of a query image is very important for copyright protection. This paper presents a robust copy detection method for images. The main contribution of our algorithm is to combine the image feature extraction and the saliency image segmentation methods, and a novel two steps approach is proposed for the image copy detection. Firstly, several salient regions in a query image are extracted based on salient region detection method and segmented into a series of partial images, with introduction of illumination variation to obtain a better saliency image. Secondly, surf key points in both partial images and images in database are extracted and the number of correctly matched key points is computed. Similarity value is computed to judge if two key points are correctly matched. Finally, if the number of correctly-matched key points is greater than the threshold value, the image from database is judged as a copy of the query image. The experimental results show that the proposed method can detect copyright information of query image even when the image is cropped, rotated, put in picture, water-colored, changed in contrast, blurred or inserted with words.
Role of myoferlin in regulation of cancer invasion

Myoferlin (MYOF) is a member of the evolutionarily conserved ferlin family of proteins, noted for their role in a variety of membrane processes, including endocytosis, repair, and vesicular transport. Notably, ferlins are implicated in Caenorhabditis elegans sperm motility (Fer-1), mammalian skeletal muscle development and repair (MYOF and dysferlin), and presynaptic transmission in the auditory system (otoferlin). In this paper, we demonstrate that MYOF plays a previously unrecognized role in cancer cell invasion, using a combination of mathematical modeling and in vitro experiments. Using a real-time impedance-based invasion assay (xCELLigence), we have shown that lentiviral-based knockdown of MYOF significantly reduced invasion of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in Matrigel bioassays. Based on these experimental data, we developed a partial differential equation model of MYOF effects on cancer cell invasion, which we used to generate mechanistic hypotheses. The mathematical model predictions revealed that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) may play a key role in modulating this invasive property, which was supported by experimental data using quantitative RT-PCR screens. These results suggest that MYOF may be a promising target for biomarkers or drug target for metastatic cancer diagnosis and therapy, perhaps mediated through MMPs.
Defending sybil attacks in mobile social networks

Mobile social networks (MSNs) are a kind of delay tolerant network that consists of lots of mobile nodes with social characteristics. Recently, many social-aware algorithms have been proposed to address routing problems in MSNs. However, it also brings more security and privacy concerns. In this paper, we discuss a specific type of Sybil attack in MSNs, which few researches has been focused on. We proposed a security mechanism to detect Sybil nodes and eliminate them to ensure the routing security while routing forwarding. It needs to cooperate by two sides, which is, respectively measuring distance in client side and eliminating Sybil nodes in server side. We also demonstrate the solution is correct and analyze its energy costs.
Autotaxin stimulates urokinase-type plasminogen activator expression through phosphoinositide 3-kinase–Akt–necrosis factor kappa B signaling cascade in human melanoma cells

Autotaxin, a lysophospholipase D producing lysophosphatidic acid, augments invasive and metastatic potential of tumor cells. Current investigations have focused on understanding the molecular mechanisms by which autotaxin regulates the expression of a major mediator of tumor invasion and metastasis, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) in human A2058 melanoma cells. Autotaxin induced uPA expression in a dose-dependent manner that was inhibited by pharmacological inhibitors for Gi (pertussis toxin), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K, LY294002), Akt inhibitor (AktI), proteosome activity and IκB phosphorylation (pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate), and by a dominant negative mutant (DN) of Akt. Autotaxin phosphorylated Akt and induced the translocation of necrosis factor-κB (NF-κB) to the nucleus that were inhibited by AktI or by overexpressing DN-Akt. Consistently, green fluorescence protein-tagged p65 of NF-κB accumulated in the nucleus by autotaxin that was abrogated when the cells were transfected with DN-Akt. Moreover, autotaxin increased the DNA binding ability of NF-κB and promoter activity of uPA. Collectively, these data strongly suggest autotaxin induces uPA expression via the Gi–PI3K–Akt–NF-κB signaling pathway that might be critical for autotaxin-induced tumor cell invasion and metastasis.
Composing Hierarchically Structured Images

This paper begins by examining the ‘classical’ raster‐based composition model, establishing its weakness, and developing a new composition algebra based on line drawing. It then examines the role of composition in the Hierarchical Display Model, demonstrates that the forms of composition assumed in this model are inadequate to deal correctly with the interactions of two‐dimensional representations of three‐dimensional objects, and shows that our composition algebra resolves this difficulty. The composition steps required can be packaged with the use of a single attribute which constrains the apparent order of composition. This attribute is associated with the object which is to be taken ‘out of order’, obviating any needsfor layers.
Viability prediction for retail business units using data mining techniques: a practical application in the Greek pharmaceutical sector

In this paper, we explore the effectiveness of supervised learning methods in predicting the short-term viability of retail pharmaceutical businesses. We use data mining techniques such as linear discriminant analysis, k-nearest neighbour (k-NN) and the C4.5 Decision Tree to classify retail business units from the Greek pharmaceutical sector into viable and non-viable classes, while operating in an environment of strict fiscal control and many changes of regulations. The issue of viability prediction for business units, in a period that has been characterised as the most crucial economic and financial crisis of the last decades globally, is vital for all players involved in an economic system. The effectiveness, accuracy and promptness of identifying non-viable business units are important goals for every link of an economic chain, which has to cope with decisions that will minimise the costs and losses that the current crisis causes.
Success factors determination for entrepreneurs in Santa Catarina by using neural networks

The entrepreneurs has a fundamental role in the success of an undertaking. Besides the features and attributes of their personality, the attitude they take has an important influence in the undertaking success. This paper presents the neural networks utilization as a tool directed to investigate the existence of patterns for successful entrepreneurs defined according to a set of features. The use of neural networks makes possible the classification and recognition of patterns associated to the entrepreneurs success or failure. From real data about entrepreneurs in Santa Catarina State, a set of LVQ neural network architectures is tested in order to establish a classification model of successful entrepreneurs. The creation of profiles which allow relevant feature evaluation in the identification of a successful entrepreneur is also discussed.
Modélisation de l’équilibre et système de surveillance posturale

Les problemes lies a l'equilibre sont diagnostiques a l'aide de systemes de cartographies des pressions plantaires ou de plateformes de force mesurant le deplacement du centre de pressions. Ces systemes professionnels sont restreints a une utilisation en milieu medical, et on constate qu'aucun dispositif de surveillance de l'equilibre ne donne entiere satisfaction en termes de mobilite et d'acceptabilite. Dans le contexte de la telemedecine et de l'e-sante, notre objectif a consiste a developper des outils pour la surveillance ambulatoire de l'equilibre postural, et contribuer a la comprehension du controle de l'equilibre. Nous avons d'abord entrepris une etude theorique de la faisabilite de la mesure des pressions plantaires et du deplacement dynamique du centre de pression, a partir d'un nombre tres reduit de capteurs. Nous avons propose pour cela un modele mecanique simplifie du pied, ainsi que les hypotheses specifiques a ces applications. Le modele decrit la relation physique entre la posture du pied et la repartition des pressions plantaires suivant ses caracteristiques biomecaniques. Sur la base d'un prototype de semelle instrumentee a 3 capteurs uniquement, nous avons verifie experimentalement la capacite du systeme et des methodes a generer le stabilogramme et les cartographies de pressions plantaires. Ceux-ci ont ete compares a un systeme matriciel de reference, et caracterises en termes d'incertitude dans le cas du pied normal en position debout et durant la marche. Les stabilogrammes ainsi mesures peuvent etre analyses pour caracteriser la signature de l'equilibre. Nous proposons un modele specifique a trois dimensions, decrivant la dynamique de l'equilibre et permettant d'identifier, par simulation, les principaux parametres physiologiques qui assurent le maintien de l'equilibre postural.
Cardiomyopathy of duchenne muscular dystrophy: Current understanding and future directions

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common and severe form of muscular dystrophy and occurs in 1 in 3500 male births. Improved survival due to improvements in clinical care of the musculoskeletal and respiratory systems has led to an increased incidence of cardiomyopathy. Cardiac‐related deaths are now seen in approximately 20% of DMD patients. Our current understanding of DMD cardiomyopathy has increased significantly over the past 10 years, but further research is required to improve cardiac treatment and outcomes in DMD. This review provides a summary of the current literature and discussion of potential new therapies for DMD cardiomyopathy. Muscle Nerve 44: 8–19, 2011
Effects of Using Requirements Catalogs on Effectiveness and Productivity of Requirements Specification in a Software Project Management Course

This paper presents the results of two educational experiments carried out to determine whether the process of specifying requirements (catalog-based reuse as opposed to conventional specification) has an impact on effectiveness and productivity in co-located and distributed software development environments. The participants in the experiments were 76 students enrolled in three courses on project management for software development at the University of Murcia, Spain, and the Mohammed V University of Rabat, Morocco. The results of a fixed effects meta-analysis (Hedges' g) obtained a medium effect ( -0.495, p=0.034) for productivity, and a large effect ( -1.077, ) for effectiveness, in favor of using a catalog-based reuse process rather than a conventional specification process. The other co-factor examined, distribution (either global or co-located), had no statistically significant interaction with the process used (catalog-based reuse or conventional specification) for either effectiveness or productivity. Further research is required to study the effectiveness and productivity of the catalog-based requirements engineering learning method so that it can be taught in software engineering courses and applied in real software engineering projects.
The emerging concept of vascular remodeling.

The vessel wall is an active, integrated organ composed of endothelial, smooth-muscle, and fibroblast cells coupled to each other in a complex autocrine-paracrine set of interactions. The vasculature is capable of sensing changes within its milieu, integrating these signals by intercellular communication, and changing itself through the local production of mediators that influence structure as well as function. Vascular remodeling is an active process of structural alteration that involves changes in at least four cellular processes -- cell growth, cell death, cell migration, and production or degradation of extracellular matrix -- and is dependent on a dynamic interaction between locally .
A CLASS OF MARKOV PROCESSES ASSOCIATED WITH NONLINEAR PARABOLIC EQUATIONS

Introduction. -The familiar connection between the Brownian motion and the differential operator f -> f"/2, based upon the fact that the Brownian transition function (27rt)-1' exp[-(b a)2/2t] is also the elementary solution of bu/bt = (1/2)(2U/oa2, is. the simplest and most fruitful instance of the connection between Markov processes with constant transition mechanism and linear parabolic equations. The purpose of this paper is to explain a similar connection between a wider class of Markov processes and certain nonlinear parabolic equations. Boltzmann's equation from statistical mechanics is a special case, as is Burgers' equation: au/at = (1/2)2u/oa2 ubu/ba. 1. Markov Processes with Constant Transition Mechanism. -Given a nice topological space Q, let x: [0, o ) Q be a sample path with coordinates x(t) x(t+) £ Q(t > 0), let Z be the associated universal field measuring x(t) for each t > 0, and to each a E Q attach probabilities Pa(B), defined for B C Z, such that (a) for each B E Z. Pa(B) is a (topological) Borel function of a, (b) for each a C Q, Pa[X(0) C db] is the unit mass at b = a. Pa(B) should be thought of as the chance of the event Bfor paths starting at a. Define Pf(B) = fa P. (B)df for any nonnegative mass distribution f on Q of total mass + 1. M = [Q,Z,P] is a Markov process with constant transition mechanism if the separate motions Mf = [Q,Z,Pf] are knit together according to the rule
A New Synthetic Frequency Estimation Method of Sinusoid Based on Interpolated FFT

A new frequency estimator of sinusoid based on interpolated FFT amplitudes is proposed. The coarse frequency estimation is made by the position of the maximum DFT amplitude. Then the fine estimation is made by utilizing the amplitudes of two DFT coefficients. Simulation results show that the root mean square errors of frequency estimation of the proposed estimator and Fang's estimator are close to the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound when the signal frequency locates in different regions between two neighboring FFT spectral lines. To further improve the estimator's performance, a synthetic frequency estimator is constructed. Simulation results show that the root mean square error of synthetic estimator is close to the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound when the signal frequency locates anywhere between two neighboring FFT spectral lines. The synthetic method has low computation complexity and outperforms the existing estimators.
Human enteroids as an ex-vivo model of host–pathogen interactions in the gastrointestinal tract

Currently, 9 out of 10 experimental drugs fail in clinical studies. This has caused a 40% plunge in the number of drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) since 2005. It has been suggested that the mechanistic differences between human diseases modeled in animals (mostly rodents) and the pathophysiology of human diseases might be one of the critical factors that contribute to drug failure in clinical trials. Rapid progress in the field of human stem cell technology has allowed the in-vitro recreation of human tissue that should complement and expand upon the limitations of cell and animal models currently used to study human diseases and drug toxicity. Recent success in the identification and isolation of human intestinal epithelial stem cells (Lgr5+) from the small intestine and colon has led to culture of functional intestinal epithelial units termed organoids or enteroids. Intestinal enteroids are comprised of all four types of normal epithelial cells and develop a crypt–villus differentiation axis. They demonstrate major intestinal physiologic functions, including Na+ absorption and Cl− secretion. This review discusses the recent progress in establishing human enteroids as a model of infectious diarrheal diseases such as cholera, rotavirus, and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, and use of the enteroids to determine ways to correct the diarrhea-induced ion transport abnormalities via drug therapy.
Idas y vueltas: los programas de planificación familiar en el Perú

En el presente trabajo se discuten los cambios en la politica y en los programas de planificacion familiar en el Peru desde la decada de 1960 y el modo en que ellos afectan el descenso de la fecundidad, la mezcla anticonceptiva y el acceso a los anticonceptivos. Se trata de vincular la informacion estadistica con la descripcion de los procesos politicos e institucionales de estos programas. Se concluye que la politica importa y que afecta, sobre todo, a las mujeres mas vulnerables en el ejercicio de sus derechos sexuales y reproductivos.