Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamin and rab5 regulate GRK2-dependent internalization of dopamine D2 receptors.

Dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs; short form, which is one of the alternative splicing variants) expressed in COS-7 cells are internalized in an agonist-dependent manner only when G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is coexpressed [Ito, K. , Haga, T. , Lameh, J. & Sadée, W. , (1999) Eur. J. Biochem. 260, 112-119]. We have examined the effects of coexpression of dynamin, a small molecular mass GTP-binding protein, rab5A, and their mutants on the internalization of D2Rs in the presence of both dopamine (10 or 100 microM) and GRK2. The rate and extent of D2R internalization was increased or decreased by coexpression of dynamin I or a dominant-negative form of dynamin I (dynamin I K44E), respectively. The effects of coexpressing these two dynamins were more prominent at 10 microM dopamine than at 100 microM. In the presence of 10 microM dopamine, internalization of D2R was completely suppressed when dynamin I K44E was coexpressed, and the half-life (t 1/2) of D2R internalization decreased relative to cells not expressing dynamin from 82 to 29 min when dynamin I was coexpressed. Internalization of D2Rs was facilitated or suppressed by coexpression of a constitutively active form of rab5A (rab5A Q79L) or a dominant-negative form of rab5A (rab5A S34N), respectively. The t 1/2 of D2R internalization at 10 microM dopamine decreased from 82 to 16 min in cells coexpressing rab5A Q79L. The effect of coexpression of rab5A S34N was more apparent at 100 microM dopamine than at 10 microM; the t 1/2 of D2R internalization at 100 microM dopamine increased from 20 to 56 min and the proportion of internalized D2Rs after 120 min decreased from 53 to 28%. These results indicate that the internalization of D2Rs is dependent on the action of dynamin as well as GRK2, and is regulated by the action of rab5A.
Tachykininergic synaptic transmission in the coeliac ganglion of the guinea‐pig

1 The responses of coeliac ganglion neurones of the guinea‐pig to electrical stimulation of the mesenteric nerves and applications of tachykinin receptor agonists were investigated by use of intracellular recording techniques. 2 Ganglion neurones were classified into three groups based on firing patterns in response to a depolarizing current pulse: phasic (38% of the population), tonic (39%) and atypical (23%). In the majority of phasic neurones (91%) a long after‐hyperpolarization (LAH) lasting 5–8 s followed action potentials induced by a train of depolarizing current pulses. In contrast, LAH was rarely observed in tonic neurones (5%). 3 In most of tonic neurones (90%) slow excitatory post‐synaptic potentials (e.p.s.ps) lasting 3–10 min were evoked by repetitive electrical stimulation of the mesenteric nerves. Prolonged depolarizations were also evoked in most tonic neurones by applications of substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA) or senktide, a tachykinin NK3 receptor agonist. 4 In most of phasic neurones (73%), mesenteric nerve stimulation did not induce an obvious depolarization but induced a prolonged inhibition of LAH lasting 3–10 min. Bath‐applied tachykinin receptor agonists similarly induced an inhibition of LAH without causing depolarization in most of the phasic neurones. 5 GR71251 (5 μm), a tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist, partially depressed the nerve‐evoked slow e.p.s.ps in tonic neurones and the nerve‐evoked LAH inhibition in phasic neurones. 6 Capsaicin (0.1–5 μm) induced a prolonged depolarization in tonic neurones and an inhibition of LAH in phasic neurones. 7 A mixture of peptidase inhibitors potentiated the depolarization and the LAH inhibition evoked by nerve stimulation, SP and NKA, but not those evoked by senktide. 8 It is concluded that tonic neurones respond to repetitive mesenteric nerve stimulation preferentially with slow e.p.s.ps and that phasic neurones respond preferentially with LAH inhibition. The present study further suggests that SP and NKA, released from axon collaterals of primary afferent neurones, produce slow e.p.s.ps in tonic neurones and the LAH inhibition in phasic neurones via NK1 receptors.
Heterogeneous distribution of beta and alpha‐2 adrenoceptor binding sites in human fat cells from various fat deposits: functional consequences

Abstract. Investigations have been carried out to explain the heterogeneity of response to catecholamines of human fat cells from various deposits. Adipocytes from two subcutaneous sites (abdominal and femoral) were studied concomitantly in women while omental fat cells were taken from another group of patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Alpha‐2 and beta sites were identified in fat‐cell membranes with [3H]yohimbine and [3H]dihydroalprenolol, respectively. Lipolytic responses were tested with isoproterenol (beta agonist), clonidine (alpha‐2 agonist) and epinephrine. There are clear differences in the relative number of beta and alpha‐2 sites according to the origin of the fat deposit; beta sites are less numerous than alpha‐2 sites in subcutaneous fat cells of both regions (alpha‐2: beta sites are in a ratio of 3 ± 0·4:2 ± 0·4). However, in membranes of omental fat cells, beta sites are at least as numerous as alpha‐2 sites (ratio 0·9 ± 0·2). Epinephrine always has a higher affinity for alpha‐2 sites than for beta sites in the subcutaneous and omental deposits. In lipolysis studies, epinephrine, in the absence of adenosine in the incubation medium, initiated an anti‐lipolytic effect in femoral fat cells and promoted inhibition of lipolysis at lower concentrations in abdominal subcutaneous fat cells, the effect being reversed at higher doses; epinephrine, however, was always lipolytic in omental adipocytes. There was no striking difference in the sensitivity to isoproterenol in the various deposits. Clonidine had a higher affinity for alpha‐2 sites in femoral fat cells and was equipotent in the omental and abdominal ones. Thus, the differences in the lipolytic responses to epinephrine in adipocytes from different sites are linked to a variable alpha‐2 inhibiting effect (and alpha‐2 site number) rather than to a modified beta driven increase in lipolysis initiated by the physiological amine.
Identification of wheat flour allergens by means of 2-dimensional immunoblotting.

BACKGROUND Wheat flour proteins are allergens for 60% to 70% of bakers with workplace-related respiratory symptoms. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate the variability of IgE antibody patterns of wheat flour-sensitized bakers and to identify the most frequently recognized allergens. METHODS Water/salt-soluble wheat flour proteins from the cultivar Bussard were separated by using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradients. IgE-reactive proteins were identified by means of immunoblotting with sera of 10 subjects with baker's asthma. Mass spectrometric fingerprinting was used to identify the proteins most frequently recognized by IgE. RESULTS The IgE immunoblots obtained with 10 different sera exhibited a remarkable heterogeneity. Each patient showed an individual IgE-binding pattern with 4 to 50 different allergen spots. Altogether, more than 100 IgE-binding protein spots were detected. Nine of the predominant IgE-binding protein spots were identified by using mass spectrometric fingerprinting. The obtained masses matched 2 different isoforms of glycerinaldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Hordeum vulgare, triosephosphate isomerase from H vulgare, and serpin, a serine proteinase inhibitor from Triticum aestivum. CONCLUSIONS The results show a great interindividual variation of IgE-binding patterns of wheat flour proteins in baker's asthma. The clinical relevance of the identified 4 new allergens will be further investigated in the near future.
Application of a Data-Driven Fuzzy Control Design to a Wind Turbine Benchmark Model

In general, the modelling of wind turbines is a challenging task, since they are complex dynamic systems, whose aerodynamics are nonlinear and unsteady. Accurate models should contain many degrees of freedom, and their control algorithm design must account for these complexities. However, these algorithms must capture the most important turbine dynamics without being too complex and unwieldy, mainly when they have to be implemented in real-time applications. The first contribution of this work consists of providing an application example of the design and testing through simulations, of a data-driven fuzzy wind turbine control. In particular, the strategy is based on fuzzy modelling and identification approaches to model-based control design. Fuzzy modelling and identification can represent an alternative for developing experimental models of complex systems, directly derived directly from measured input-output data without detailed system assumptions. Regarding the controller design, this paper suggests again a fuzzy control approach for the adjustment of both the wind turbine blade pitch angle and the generator torque. The effectiveness of the proposed strategies is assessed on the data sequences acquired from the considered wind turbine benchmark. Several experiments provide the evidence of the advantages of the proposed regulator with respect to different control methods.
Quasi Z-source inverter for photovoltaic system connected to single phase AC grid

A novel photovoltaic system based on quasi Z-source inverter (qZSI) which is connected to a single phase grid is proposed in this paper. Quasi Z-source inverter is a recently developed topology derived from Z-source inverter (ZSI). qZSI is a one-stage power conditioner that employs a capacitor-inductor network for connecting inverter to photovoltaic module. By means of controlling shoot-through duty cycle, the objective of tracking maximum power point can be accomplished. In comparison with ZSI, qZSI benefits some prominent privileges such as lower component ratings and source constant dc current. In this paper, through introducing an appropriate control structure, qZSI is used for connecting photovoltaic system to single phase grid. In the control structure, maximum power with unit power factor and low THD current is delivered to grid by controlling modulation index via PIS controller. Presuming voltage stabilization, the amount of power delivered to grid is regulated through the use of controller of qZSI capacitor voltage. qZSI is also utilized to control the shoot-through duty cycle in order to achieve maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the competence of the system.
Recovery of Escherichia coli Biotype I and Enterococcus spp. during refrigerated storage of beef carcasses inoculated with a fecal slurry.

Three beef front quarters/carcasses were inoculated with a slurry of cattle manure. During storage at 4 degrees C, two sponge samples from each of three sites (i.e., 100 cm2 from each of two fat surfaces and 100 cm2 from a lean surface) were taken from each of the three carcasses on days 0, 1, 3, 7, and 10 after inoculation. The initial numbers of Escherichia coli averaged 2.0 log10 CFU/cm2 (1.21 to 2.47 log10 CFU/cm2) using the Petrifilm method and 2.09 log10 most probable number (MPN)/cm2 (0.88 to 2.96 log10 MPN/cm2) using the MPN method. The initial numbers of enterococci averaged 3.34 log10 CFU/cm2 (3.07 to 3.79 log10 CFU/cm2) using kanamycin esculin azide agar. In general, an appreciable reduction in the numbers of E. coli occurred during the first 24 h of storage; for the Petrifilm method an average reduction of 1.37 log10 CFU/cm2 (0.69 to 1.71 log10 CFU/cm2) was observed, and for the MPN method an average reduction of 1.52 log10 MPN/cm2 (0.47 to 2.08 log10 MPN/cm2) was observed. E. coli were not detected (<-0.12 log10 CFU/cm2) using Petrifilm on day 7 of the storage period on two (initial counts of 1.21 and 2.29 log10 CFU/cm2) of the three carcasses. However, viable E. coli cells were recovered from these two carcasses after a 24-h enrichment at 37 degrees C in EC broth. Viable E. coli cells were detected at levels of -0.10 log10 CFU/cm2 on the third carcass (initial count of 2.47 log10 CFU/cm2) after 7 days at 4 degrees C. No significant difference in recovery of viable cells was observed between the MPN and Petrifilm methods on days 0, 1, and 3 (P > 0.05). However, viable E. coli cells were recovered from all three carcasses by the MPN method on day 7 at an average of -0.29 log10 MPN/ cm2 (-0.6 to -0.1 log10 MPN/cm2). On day 10, viable cells were recovered by the MPN method from two of the three carcasses at -0.63 and -0.48 log10 MPN/cm2 but were not recovered from the remaining carcass (<-0.8 log10 MPN/cm2). Similar to E. coli, the greatest reduction (average of 1.26 log10 CFU/cm2, range = 1.06 to 1.45 log10 CFU/cm2) in the numbers of enterococci occurred during the first 24 h of storage. Because of higher initial numbers and a slightly slower rate of decrease, the numbers of Enterococcus spp. were significantly higher (P < 0.017) than the numbers of E. coli Biotype I after 3, 7, and 10 days of storage. These results suggest that enterococci may be useful as an indicator of fecal contamination of beef carcasses.
Knowledge Quality of Collaborative Editing in Wikipedia: an Integrative Perspective of Social Capital and Team Conflict

Collaborative editing has become one of the most popular forms of knowledge contribution in virtual communities. Wikipedia— the largest online encyclopaedia— is a representative example of collaborative work. Despite the abundant researches on Wikipedia, to the best of our knowledge, no one has considered the integration of social capital and conflict. Besides, extant literatures on knowledge quality just pay attention to task conflict, while relational conflict is rarely mentioned. Meanwhile, our study proposes the nonlinear relationship between task conflict and knowledge quality instead of linear relationships in prior studies. We also postulate the moderating effect of task complexity. Furthermore, there is little empirical research on the influence of social capital on conflict, especially the distinct effects of cognitive and relational capital. This paper aims at proposing a theoretical model to examine the effect of social capital and conflict, meanwhile taking the task complexity into account. We will make our efforts to verify our research model in the following phases, and we believe that the present work can make some contributions to both research and practice.
An epidemiological study of respiratory symptoms in Lancashire mills, 1963-66

Molyneux, M. K. B. , and Tombleson, J. B. L. (1970). Brit. J. industr. Med.,27, 225-234. An epidemiological study of respiratory symptoms in Lancashire Mills, 1963-66. An epidemiological study of card and blowroom workers in 14 cotton spinning and two man-made fibre spinning mills in Lancashire has been carried out on a prospective basis of six-monthly examinations over three years. The number of operatives to be included was decided so as to give a sufficient sample for the statistical assessment of fall in FEV, at the same time allowing for population movement. The examination of each worker included a history, a questionnaire of respiratory symptoms, and a measurement of forced expiratory volume in one second. The results in this paper, which will be followed by others on other aspects of the survey, give the prevalence of both byssinosis and bronchitis, according to the definition given, in the 1 359 cotton workers and 227 man-made fibre workers, seen at least once, and also the dust levels in the mills. Eight of the mills processed coarse and six medium cotton. The total prevalence of byssinosis, as defined, is 26·9%, being higher in coarse than in medium cotton mills, and the occupational groups most affected are strippers and grinders, carders and undercarders, and draw frame tenters. In coarse mills symptoms develop in some men and women within the first four years of exposure, and in medium mills between five and ten years' exposure. Repeat questionnaires in about half the population, two years after the first questionnaire, showed the development of symptoms of chest tightness in an appreciable number not previously affected. The incidence of bronchitis is increased in operatives with symptoms of byssinosis, but is influenced by age and smoking. Total dust levels averaged 3·1 mg/m3 in coarse miles and 1·2 mg/m3 in medium mills. The findings indicate that dust control measures, though they have produced considerable improvement, are not now fully effective with present methods of production.
Relationship between erythropoietin and nitric oxide in the contraction of rat renal arcuate arteries and human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

We have investigated the effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) on the responses of rat renal arcuate arteries to dopamine, noradrenaline and acetylcholine and on the release of NO from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in culture. Noradrenaline induced a concentration-dependent constriction and acetylcholine a concentration-dependent relaxation of the vessels. The effects of dopamine were concentration-dependent, leading to relaxation of the vessels at low concentrations and contraction of the vessels at high concentrations. N(G)-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 0.1 mM) did not change the vasoconstrictor responses to noradrenaline and dopamine, but inhibited the acetylcholine- and dopamine-induced vasorelaxation. Neither 0.1 nor 20 units.ml(-1) EPO affected noradrenaline-induced constriction, or dopamine- or acetylcholine-induced relaxation, of the vessels. EPO at 20 units. ml(-1) attenuated dopamine-induced constriction of the vessels. This effect was blunted by application of L-NAME, suggesting that EPO may stimulate dopamine-mediated NO release from these vessels. EPO stimulated NO release from the resting HUVEC in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, an effect that was inhibited by the presence of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine. These data suggest that, in vitro, EPO is able to stimulate NO release from rat renal arcuate arteries and HUVEC in culture. Whether these acute short-term actions can be related to the longer-term actions of EPO remains to be resolved.
Stereopsis and the Representation of Space

Four stereoblind and four normal subjects were tested on a mental rotation task. It was hypothesized that, if stereopsis is an important input for building up the perceptual system that represents three-dimensional space, then subjects lacking it ought to be deficient at mental rotations in depth. Stereoblind subjects were equally efficient at picture-plane and depth rotations, and were nonsignificantly better than normal subjects at rotations in depth. It was concluded that in the absence of stereopsis other cues are sufficient for the development of the ‘three-dimensional’ perceptual system. A puzzling paradox was raised, however, by the finding that the introspections of the two groups differed markedly.
Effect of CYP 3 A 5 gene polymorphisms on tacrolimus concentration / dosage ratio in adult liver transplant patients

We examined the influence of the cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) genes in both donors and recipients on the concentrationdosage ratio (C/D) of tacrolimus in Chinese liver transplant patients. Fifty-one adult liver transplant patients who received tacrolimus were included in this study. The CYP3A5 polymorphism in donors and recipients was determined at the time of transplantation, and tacrolimusbased immunosuppressive therapy was started based on each patient’s genetic constitution. The relationship between the C/D of tacrolimus for 3 months after surgery and the CYP3A5 genotype was analyzed. A stepwise regression model was used to analyze the relationship between C/D of tacrolimus and genotype, time course, age, and liver weight in liver transplant patients. Three months after liver transplantation, C/D was both affected by the CYP3A5 genotype of both the donors and 15149 Effect of CYP3A5gene polymorphisms ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp. com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 14 (4): 15148-15157 (2015) the recipients. The C/D of tacrolimus in patients with the CYP3A5*1 allele or carrying CYP3A5*1 allele in the liver was lower than that in CYP3A5*3/*3 patients with the CYP3A5*3/*3 genotype in the liver (P < 0.01). The CYP3A5*1 genotype in donors as well as in patients both contributes to interindividual variation in the C/D of tacrolimus in adult liver transplantation.
Identifying Relationships between Catches of Spawning Condition Yellow Perch and Environmental Variables in the Western Basin of Lake Erie

Abstract Although the reproductive behavior of yellow perch Perca flavescens has been well documented in small systems, relatively little is known about the spawning preferences of yellow perch in large systems, such as the Laurentian Great Lakes. During 2006 and 2007, we compared the presence and abundance adult yellow perch during the spring spawning season with environmental variables in the western basin of Lake Erie. We also estimated the timing of yellow perch spawning by comparing the relative abundance of gravid and spent females collected in our trawls and then comparing the proportion of gravid females with environmental conditions at our sampling sites. Overall, the probability of catching adult yellow perch and the catch per unit effort increased with increasing bottom temperatures in the spring, whereas the probability of catching gravid females increased with increasing Secchi depth. However, the relationships between our catch metrics and environmental variables were not consistent across y.
Visual responses to time-dependent stimuli. III. Individual variations.

Eight normal and two dichromatic observers are tested for amplitude sensitivity to sinusoidally flickering white light at various photopic adaptation levels. The mean response curve of the color-normal observers is in good agreement with the theoretical model of the visual system proposed in Part II. In addition, certain individual curves show three smaller peaks of sensitivity in the frequency ranges of 4–7, 10–15, and 20–30 cps. Their stability with varying adaptation level indicates that these subpeaks occur in the initial, photoreactive stage of system, according to the proposed model. Thus they may be associated with the linear mechanism of color discrimination. Abnormal amplitude-sensitivity curves obtained with one deuteranope and one protanope lend further weight to this hypothesis.
[Change trend of birth weight of twins in China, 1995-2012].

OBJECTIVE To understand the change trend of birth weight of twins in China from 1995 to 2012. METHODS A total of 10 827 twins born between 1995 and 2012 registered in national twin registry system in 8 provinces in China were included in this study. A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the change trend of twin's birth weight. RESULTS Mean birth weight of twins decreased by 0.01 kg every five years after adjusting sex, ovum type and place of birth (P = 0.041). The birth weight decreased both in superior twin and in inferior twin over time. After 2007, the birth weight of superior twin decreased by 0.008 kg each year, while the birth weight of inferior twin decreased by 0.014 kg each year. Mean relative difference in birth weight and birth weight discordant rate decreased before 2002, then increased from the lowest point 8.16% and 16.20% to highest point 9.99% and 22.40% respectively. CONCLUSION The birth weight of twins in China decreased between 1995 and 2012, while the birth weight discordant rate increased, suggesting that close attention should be paid to the discordance of twin body weight to reduce the risk of adverse health outcome.