Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study on the Framework Changes of Personal Information Protection in Korea

This study analyzes the changes in the framework of personal information protection in Korea. To investigate these changes, press releases from the Ministry of the Interior were collected. Through text mining and correspondence analysis, the words were examined over the course of eight years (from 2008 to 2015). All verbal expressions were classified by time: ① framework build-up (from 2008 to 2011), ② framework transition (2012), and ③ framework adjustment (from 2013 to 2015). The analytical results show that the personal information protection system was not stuck with the residue of the past or replaced by a new system; it was a gradual change with coexisting elements and new framework components. This study also demonstrates a more objective way to do periodization than relying on subjectivity.
The Relation between Apolipoprotein E4 Genotype and Vascular Dementia

Most studies investigating genetics of dementia have focused on Alzheimer’s disease, but little is known about the genetics of vascular dementia (VD). The aim of this study was to identify the association between Apolipoprotein E4 (Apo E4) genotype and VD in cerebrally infarcted patients. The study was conducted on 100 patients with cerebral infarction: 50 had VD (cases) and 50 didn’t have dementia (controls). Diagnosis of VD was based on Mini-Mental State Examination, Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG), the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition criteria for the diagnosis of VD (DSM-IV), Hachinski Ischemic Score, and computed tomography of the brain (CT brain). Apo E4 allele was assessed through DNA genotyping. The study showed that hypertension (p = 0.027, OR = 4.71), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.003, OR = 6.05) and Apo E4 allele (p = 0.017, OR = 13.39) were the independent risk factors of VD among studied participants. The study concluded that cerebrally infarcted patients with Apo E4 genotype are at high risk of developing VD.
Face Detection Study based on Skin Color and Improved Adaboost Algorithm

For color images in a complex background, we cannot be able to detect faces quickly. So we put forward an algorithm, which is based on skin color feature and the improved AdaBoost algorithm. First, through the skin color detection to excluding large amounts of complex background of non-face, after that define the face candidate regions. Besides, when the image is darkness, we will increase the light treatment, afterwards use AdaBoost algorithm to detect the human face, to improve the accurate rate of face detection system and reduce the error rate. In addition, based on the AdaBoost algorithm of former research ,we add new Haar features and modify the weight of its update method, so under the condition of the less weak classifier, the AdaBoost algorithm’s training speed much faster, and to prevent the excessive distribution in the process of the training. The experimental results show the proposed method has great improvement for face detection.
GABAergic control of neuropeptide gene expression in parvocellular neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus

To assess the functional impact of local inhibitory γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneuron population on the cellular and transcriptional activity of parvocellular neurosecretory neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVH), we followed the expression of corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) genes along with the activation marker c‐fos in response to the blockade of GABA‐A receptors. First, we analysed the effect of the GABA‐A receptor antagonist bicuculline methiodide (BMI) in organotypic cultures of hypothalamic slices. These preparations preserve the cytoarchitecture of CRH‐synthesizing cell populations and elements of local interneuronal networks, while remote connections originating from limbic‐ and brainstem areas are missing. In vitro, BMI resulted in a selective induction of c‐Fos immunoreactivity that was localized exclusively to the PVH and upregulated both CRH mRNA and AVP hnRNA levels. Local microinjection of BMI into the paraventricular region of freely moving rats increased the adrenocorticotropin secretion and activated PVH neurons ipsilateral to the injection. c‐Fos immunoreactivity was distributed within the PVH and in the perinuclear region, where it appeared in GABAergic and also in non‐GABAergic profiles. This treatment induced AVP hnRNA expression in the parvocellular compartment without any reliable stimulation of CRH transcription in the parvocellular‐ and AVP hnRNA levels in the magnocellular neurons. These results reveal an intrinsic GABAergic mechanism in the PVH microenvironment that by itself, without limbic contribution, impinges a tonic inhibitory influence on the parvocellular CRH neurons in vitro. In vivo, remote inputs are superimposed on the local circuit, allowing differential transcriptional regulation of CRH and AVP genes in the hypophyseotropic neurons.
Experimentally produced alterations of hepatic blood flow.

THE AMOUNT of blood flowing through the liver may be estimated using the principle of Fick. If sulfobromophthalein is infused at a constant rate in such amount as to keep the blood level constant, the rate of removal of this dye by the liver is assumed to be equal to the infusion rate. The concentration of sulfobromophthalein in the peripheral blood less the concentration in hepatic venous blood simultaneously withdrawn represents the amount of the dye withdrawn by the liver from each unit volume of the blood. The total amount of blood passing through the liver is calculated as the volume necessary for the removal of the amount of sulfobromophthalein being continuously injected. Bradley and his associates 1 have used this method for the study of hepatic blood flow in man. In their studies the samples of hepatic blood were removed through a catheter guided from a vein of the
The SufE Protein and the SufBCD Complex Enhance SufS Cysteine Desulfurase Activity as Part of a Sulfur Transfer Pathway for Fe-S Cluster Assembly in Escherichia coli*

The sufABCDSE operon of the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli is induced by oxidative stress and iron deprivation. To examine the biochemical roles of the Suf proteins, we purified all of the proteins and assayed their effect on SufS cysteine desulfurase activity. Here we report that the SufE protein can stimulate the cysteine desulfurase activity of the SufS enzyme up to 8-fold and accepts sulfane sulfur from SufS. This sulfur transfer process from SufS to SufE is sheltered from the environment based on its resistance to added reductants and on the analysis of available crystal structures of the proteins. We also found that the SufB, SufC, and SufD proteins associate in a stable complex and that, in the presence of SufE, the SufBCD complex further stimulates SufS activity up to 32-fold. Thus, the SufE protein and the SufBCD complex act synergistically to modulate the cysteine desulfurase activity of SufS. We propose that this sulfur transfer mechanism may be important for limiting sulfide release during oxidative stress conditions in vivo.
Integrin Modulation by Lateral Association*

Integrins are a major family of cell-matrix and cell-cell receptors. Bidirectional signal transmission between the extracellular matrix or other integrin ligands and the submembranous cytoskeleton and associated adaptor proteins is now being resolved (1–6). This review will concentrate on an emerging area of study: how the type of adhesion and the signaling following integrin ligation may be modulated by lateral interactions with other membrane components. This may occur through direct or indirect interactions. Two major groups of transmembrane proteins will form the focus of this review. One group, the tetraspans or TM4SF proteins (7–9), is composed of transmembrane proteins implicated in regulation of cell migration and invasion. They can interact directly with the extracellular domain of the a chain of specific integrins. The second group, the syndecans (10–15), has not been shown to bind integrins directly but to bind to separate domains within integrin ligands. These also modify integrin-based adhesion, migration, invasiveness, and matrix assembly. The similarities in integrin modulation will be discussed.
Cache-Aware Real-Time Disk Scheduling

Previous real-time disk scheduling algorithms assume that each disk request incurs a physical disk mechanical operation and only consider how to move the disk head under real-time constraints. However, with the increased capacity of on-disk cache, modern disk drives read-ahead data aggressively. Thus, the on-disk cache may service many disk requests without incurring physical disk access. By exploring the design methodology of on-disk cache, in this paper, we propose cacheaware real-time disk scheduling algorithms that take the on-disk cache into consideration during scheduling. Therefore, the scheduling algorithm can help the cache replacement scheme to minimize the cache miss ratio. Besides, the service timing estimation is more accurate in schedulability analysis since the cache effect is considered during scheduling. A simulation-based evaluation shows the proposed scheduling algorithms to be highly successful as compared with the classical real-time disk scheduling algorithms. For example, under sequential workload with 10 sequential streams, the data throughput of our scheme is 1.1 times that of DM-SCAN.
Disease management programme for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease and heart failure in primary care: a cluster randomised controlled trial

Aims: To evaluate the effect of a disease management programme for patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and chronic heart failure (CHF) in primary care. Methods: A cluster randomised controlled trial of 1316 patients with CHD and CHF from 20 primary care practices in the UK was carried out. Care in the intervention practices was delivered by specialist nurses trained in the management of patients with CHD and CHF. Usual care was delivered by the primary healthcare team in the control practices. Results: At follow up, significantly more patients with a history of myocardial infarction in the intervention group were prescribed a beta-blocker compared to the control group (adjusted OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.99). Significantly more patients with CHD in the intervention group had adequate management of their blood pressure (<140/85 mm Hg) (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.13) and their cholesterol (<5 mmol/l) (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.37) compared to those in the control group. Significantly more patients with an unconfirmed diagnosis of CHF had a diagnosis of left ventricular systolic dysfunction confirmed (OR 4.69, 95% CI 1.88 to 11.66) or excluded (OR 3.80, 95% CI 1.50 to 9.64) in the intervention group compared to the control group. There were significant improvements in some quality-of-life measures in patients with CHD in the intervention group. Conclusions: Disease management programmes can lead to improvements in the care of patients with CHD and presumed CHF in primary care.
Distinct roles for SWR 1 and INO 80 chromatin remodeling complexes at chromosomal double-strand breaks

INO80 and SWR1 are two closely related ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes that share several subunits. Ino80 was reported to be recruited to the HO endonuclease-induced double-strand break (DSB) at the budding yeast mating-type locus, MAT. We find Swr1 similarly recruited in a manner dependent on the phosphorylation of H2A (cH2AX). This is not unique to cleavage at MAT; both Swr1 and Ino80 bind near an induced DSB on chromosome XV. Whereas Swr1 incorporates the histone variant H2A.Z into chromatin at promoters, H2A.Z levels do not increase at DSBs. Instead, H2A.Z, cH2AX and core histones are coordinately removed near the break in an INO80-dependent, but SWR1-independent, manner. Mutations in INO80-specific subunits Arp8 or Nhp10 impair the binding of Mre11 nuclease, yKu80 and ATR-related Mec1 kinase at the DSB, resulting in defective end-processing and checkpoint activation. In contrast, Mre11 binding, end-resection and checkpoint activation were normal in the swr1 strain, but yKu80 loading and error-free endjoining were impaired. Thus, these two related chromatin remodelers have distinct roles in DSB repair and checkpoint activation. The EMBO Journal (2007) 26, 4113–4125. doi:10.1038/ sj.emboj. 7601835; Published online 30 August 2007 Subject Categories: chromatin & transcription; genome stability & dynamics
5′‐Nitro‐indirubinoxime inhibits epidermal growth factor‐ and phorbol ester‐induced AP‐1 activity and cell transformation through inhibition of phosphorylation of Pin1

5′‐Nitro‐indirubinoxime (5′‐NIO), a derivative of indirubin, exhibits anti‐cancer activity in a variety of human cancer cells. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and molecular target(s) of the chemopreventive activities of 5′‐NIO remain unknown. Here, we report that 5′‐NIO inhibited the epidermal growth factor (EGF) or 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA)‐induced neoplastic cell transformation of JB6 Cl41 mouse skin epidermal cells without any cytotoxic effects. Western blot analysis revealed that 5'‐NIO inhibited activities of Raf‐1 (S338), MEK1/2, ERK1/2, JNK, and c‐Jun induced by EGF or TPA, respectively, whereas it did not affect autophosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) induced by EGF or TPA. In addition, 5′‐NIO exerted strong inhibitory effects on the EGF‐ or TPA‐induced c‐fos or c‐jun transcriptional activity, and thereby inhibited the associated activator protein‐1 (AP‐1) transactivation activity induced by EGF or TPA. Importantly, 5'‐NIO inhibited Pin1 phosphorylation at serine 16 induced by EGF or TPA, respectively, resulted in the inhibition of interaction between Pin1 and Raf‐1. Immunoprecipitation/immunoblot analysis revealed that 5'‐NIO bound with Pin1. Together, these findings suggest that 5'‐NIO might act as an anticarcinogene in EGF‐ or TPA‐induced carcinogenesis through the inhibition of interaction between Pin1 and Raf‐1. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Financial Implications of Paying College Athletes

This study questions the actions of the NCAA and the financial future for college athletics. Specifically, I examine whether it is possible to pay college athletes and the implications if payments are to occur. Based on the Olympic model, which asserts that players can retain their amateur status while receiving sponsorships and hiring agents, I discern that it is a possibility that athletes can be paid without costing the universities or NCAA more money. Ultimately, I conclude that the NCAA currently acts as a labor monopoly (monopsony) in that it profits off the image and likeness of student-athletes, and caps their salaries at the cost of tuition for a university. Ultimately, student-athletes will not get paid for some time because there are too many logistical issues to solve the problem, but the easiest solution will be the Olympic model.
The Effect Of Service Quality On Revisit Intention With Customer Satisfaction And Brand Image As Mediating Variable In Eco Green Park, Batu, East Java

The purpose of this study is to know the effect of service quality that customer feels to revisit intention with customer satisfaction and brand image as mediating variable at Eco Green Park, Batu, East Java. The sample in this study was the consumers who have visited Eco Green Park, Batu, East Java. The sampling technique used was Convenience sampling involving 150 respondents. Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis was applied to analyze the data using outer model and inner model. The result of the research shows that service quality has a significant direct effect on customer's satisfaction and brand image, and has a significant effect indirectly on revisit intention. While the consumer satisfaction and brand image has a direct significant effect on revisit intention. The implications related to the research result is this research is very important for Eco Green Park in the effort in maintaining and improving its service quality to increase consumer satisfaction and revisit intention at Eco Green Park. Keywords: Service Quality, Revisit Intention, Customer Satisfaction, Brand Image, Eco Green Park.
Anatomical examination of the recurrent artery of Heubner

There is considerable inconsistency in the description of the origins, dimensions, and course of the recurrent artery of Heubner (RAH). The RAH frequently supplies parts of the basal ganglia and the anterior limb of the internal capsule and can be damaged with improper clip placement during repair of aneurysms near the anterior communicating artery. Thus, further elaboration of the anatomical descriptions of the RAH is necessary. The gross anatomy of the RAH was studied in 69 human brain hemispheres. RAH was found as a single vessel in 53 hemispheres (77%), as double arteries in 12 hemispheres (17%), and was absent in 4 hemispheres (6%). The origin of the RAH was from the junction of the anterior cerebral artery and anterior communicating artery in 48 (62.3%) hemispheres, from the proximal A2 segment of the anterior cerebral artery in 18 (23.3%) hemispheres and from the A1 segment in 11 (14.3%) hemispheres. The diameters of the artery ranged from 0.2 to 1.3 mm with a mean of 0.8 mm, while the length ranged from 0.9 to 3.8 cm with a mean of 2.4 cm. The above data may provide important information to neurosurgeons operating in this area, as well as to neuroanatomists teaching the vascular supply of the brain. Clin. Anat. 19:25–31, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
What is the best treatment for Reye's syndrome?

Reye's syndrome is the most common metabolic encephalopathy of childhood, occurring with a prevalence of 0.8 to 5.5 cases per 100 000 in children 17 years of age and younger. Clinically, the disorder is characterized by persistent vomiting and progressive deterioration in the level of consciousness without focal neurological signs. Seizures are not a usual feature, though these may occur secondary to hypoglycemia, which may complicate Reye's syndrome in infants. However, the most malignant component of the disease is cerebral edema and elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP). The diagnosis of Reye's syndrome is established by documenting abnormal results of liver function tests, particularly elevation of blood ammonia and aspartate aminotransferase levels and a lengthened prothrombin time. Although cases were probably observed earlier, it was described simultaneously in 1963 by Douglas Reye, an Australian pathologist, and George Johnson, an American pediatrician. Reye described the pathologic features in 21 cases observed over
Drugs as Indicators of Hepatic Function

It is well recognized that liver disease may influence the disposition of many drugs. Conversely, it has been suggested that knowledge of the disposition of a model drug might provide an index of certain aspects of hepatic function. This review discusses the physiology of drug disposition and indicates how recent progress in understanding the determinants of drug disposition has provided useful indices of individual aspects of hepatic function. Topics which are discussed are the interpretation of pharmacokinetic parameters as indices of hepatic function, including half–life clearance, and intrinsic clearance. Utilizing the “intact hepatocyte hypothesis” as an operational model, an approach is described that uses the pharmacokinetic disposition of high and low intrinsic clearance drugs following p.o. and i.v. administration to provide quantitative estimates of hepatic function, flow to functioning hepatocytes, and the extent of portasystemic shunting through the liver. Thus, the theoretical basis for quantitation of certain aspects of hepatic function are available. It remains to be determined whether these indices will provide clinically useful measures to follow the natural history of hepatic disease.
Identifying drug safety issues: from research to practice.

PURPOSE Adverse drug events (ADEs), or injuries due to drugs, are common and often preventable. However, identifying ADEs, potential ADEs, and medication errors can be a major challenge. In this review, we describe methodologies that have been used to identify these events and give strategies for identification in non-study settings. RESULTS Methods such as voluntary reporting, chart review, and computerized monitoring for events have been most commonly used in studies of ADEs in inpatients. However, voluntary reporting, the method most hospitals currently use, has a very low yield of events. Chart review is much more sensitive but the costs are prohibitive. Computerized monitoring for ADEs (using rules or triggers) is a high yield and relatively inexpensive strategy that should be adopted by organizations. A limitation of this strategy, however, is that it identifies few medication errors and potential ADEs, which are also important. These can be captured through pharmacy logs, chart review, and direct observation. Once events have been identified, they can be classified by type of event, severity, and preventability. In non-study settings, the most practical method for identifying ADEs is computerized monitoring, and for identifying prescribing errors it is pharmacy logs of interventions. Once problems are found, a structure (either individual or committee) must be in place to classify them, identify opportunities for improvement, and carry out the necessary changes. CONCLUSIONS Health care organizations have the technology to significantly improve their detection of ADEs, medication errors, and potential ADEs. Identification and subsequent classification of events is crucial for quality efforts to improve patient safety.
Major influence of renal function on hyperlipidemia after living donor liver transplantation.

AIM To investigate the impact of renal and graft function on post-transplant hyperlipidemia (PTHL) in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). METHODS A total of 115 adult patients undergoing LDLT from January 2007 to May 2009 at a single center were enrolled. Data were collected and analyzed by the China Liver Transplant Registry retrospectively. PTHL was defined as serum triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL or serum cholesterol ≥ 200 mg/dL or the need for pharmacologic treatment at the sixth month after LDLT. Early renal dysfunction (ERD) was defined as serum creatinine ≥ 2 mg/dL and/or the need for renal replacement therapy in the first post-transplant week. RESULTS In 115 eligible patients, the incidence of PTHL was 24.3%. Recipients with PTHL showed a higher incidence of post-transplant cardiovascular events compared to those without PTHL (17.9% vs 4.6%, P = 0.037). Serum creatinine showed significant positive correlations with total serum triglycerides, both at post-transplant month 1 and 3 (P < 0.01). Patients with ERD had much higher pre-transplant serum creatinine levels (P < 0.001) and longer duration of pre-transplant renal insufficiency (P < 0.001) than those without ERD. Pre-transplant serum creatinine, graft-to-recipient weight ratio, graft volume/standard liver volume ratio, body mass index (BMI) and ERD were identified as risk factors for PTHL by univariate analysis. Furthermore, ERD [odds ratio (OR) = 9.593, P < 0.001] and BMI (OR = 6.358, P = 0.002) were identified as independent risk factors for PTHL by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Renal function is closely associated with the development of PTHL in LDLT. Post-transplant renal dysfunction, which mainly results from pre-transplant renal insufficiency, contributes to PTHL.