Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extraction de concepts et de relations entre concepts à partir des documents multilingues

Les travaux menes dans le cadre de cette these se situent dans la problematique de recherche- indexation des documents et plus specifiquement dans celle de l’extraction des descripteurs semantiques pour l’indexation. Le but de la Recherche d’Information (RI) est de mettre en œuvre un ensemble de modeles et de systemes permettant la selection d’un ensemble de documents satisfaisant un besoin utilisateur en termes d’information exprime sous forme d’une requete. Un Systeme de Recherche d’Information (SRI) est compose principalement de deux processus. Un processus de representation et un processus de recherche. Le processus de representation est appele indexation, il permet de representer les documents et la requete par des descripteurs ou des indexes. Ces descripteurs refletent au mieux le contenu des documents. Le processus de recherche consiste a comparer les representations des documents a la representation de la requete. Dans les SRIs classiques, les descripteurs utilises sont des mots (simples ou composes). Ces SRIs considerent le document comme etant un ensemble de mots, souvent appele “ sac de mots ”. Dans ces systemes, les mots sont consideres comme des graphies sans semantique. Les seules informations exploitees concernant ces mots sont leurs frequences d’apparition dans les documents. Ces systemes ne prennent pas en consideration les relations semantiques entre les mots. Par exemple, il est impossible de trouver des documents representes par un mot M1 synonyme d’un mot M2, dans le cas ou la requete est representee par M2. Aussi, dans un SRI classique un document indexe par le terme “ bus ” ne sera jamais retrouve par une requete indexee par le terme “taxi ”, pourtant il s’agit de deux termes qui traitent le meme theme “ moyen de transport ”. Afin de remedier a ces limites, plusieurs travaux se sont interesses a la prise en compte de l’aspect semantique des termes d’indexation. Ce type d’indexation est appele indexation semantique ou conceptuelle.
Hypoglycemia in Older Adults with Type 1 Diabetes.

BACKGROUND Hypoglycemia is a major concern in older adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and there is limited knowledge in this population. We examined data from 199 adults, ≥60 years of age, who participated in a T1D Exchange study assessing factors associated with severe hypoglycemia (SH) in older adults with T1D: 100 with SH in the prior year and 99 with no SH in prior 3 years (mean age 68; mean diabetes duration 40 years; 47% female; 92% non-Hispanic white). Hypoglycemia was assessed with up to 14 days of blinded continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Linear regression models were performed to assess the association between biochemical hypoglycemia [defined as percentage of time below specific cutoffs (<70/60/50 mg/dL)] and various factors. RESULTS Overall, participants had CGM values <70 mg/dL for a median of 91 min per day. On 53% of days, glucose levels continuously were <70 mg/dL for ≥20 min. Hypoglycemia was found to be strongly associated with glucose variability (r = 0.76; P < 0.001). Time spent in hypoglycemia was greater in those who were younger (P = 0.004), had shorter diabetes duration (P = 0.008), lower HbA1c (P < 0.001), and undetectable C-peptide (P = 0.001), but did not differ by insulin method, education level, number of blood glucose checks per day, cognition, activities of daily living, or fear of hypoglycemia. INNOVATION This study adds valuable data on the frequency of hypoglycemia in older adults with T1D. CONCLUSION Future studies need to focus on how to prevent hypoglycemia in this vulnerable population of older adults with long-standing T1D.
A Dual-Band Bandpass Filter Using a Single Dual-Mode Ring Resonator

A simple microstrip ring-resonator is presented for novel design of dual-band dual-mode bandpass filters with good isolation and upper-stopband performance. By increasing the length of the loaded open-circuited stub, the two first-order degenerate modes are excited and slit for the use of the first passband, while one of the third-order degenerate modes moves downward and forms the second passband together with a second-order degenerate mode. Meanwhile, three transmission zeros are properly tuned for the rejections between the two passbands and in the upper stopband. After installing two coupled-line sections on a square ring at the two ports with 90°-separation, a dual-band filter with the two transmission poles in each passband is designed and measured. Without adding any additional perturbation element inside the ring, the measured filter shows good performance for both in-band matching and outside rejections of the desired dual passbands.
CD8+CD205+ Splenic Dendritic Cells Are Specialized to Induce Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells1

Foxp3+CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells (Treg) mediate immunological self-tolerance and suppress immune responses. A subset of dendritic cells (DCs) in the intestine is specialized to induce Treg in a TGF-β- and retinoic acid-dependent manner to allow for oral tolerance. In this study we compare two major DC subsets from mouse spleen. We find that CD8+ DEC-205/CD205+ DCs, but not the major fraction of CD8− DC inhibitory receptor-2 (DCIR2)+ DCs, induce functional Foxp3+ Treg from Foxp3− precursors in the presence of low doses of Ag but without added TGF-β. CD8+CD205+ DCs preferentially express TGF-β, and the induction of Treg by these DCs in vitro is blocked by neutralizing Ab to TGF-β. In contrast, CD8−DCIR2+ DCs better induce Foxp3+ Treg when exogenous TGF-β is supplied. In vivo, CD8+CD205+ DCs likewise preferentially induce Treg from adoptively transferred, Ag-specific DO11.10 RAG−/− Foxp3−CD4+ T cells, whereas the CD8−DCIR2+ DCs better stimulate natural Foxp3+ Treg. These results indicate that a subset of DCs in spleen, a systemic lymphoid organ, is specialized to differentiate peripheral Foxp3+ Treg, in part through the endogenous formation of TGF-β. Targeting of Ag to these DCs might be useful for inducing Ag-specific Foxp3+ Treg for treatment of autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection, and allergy.
Importance of antibody isotype in monoclonal anti-idiotype therapy of a murine B cell lymphoma. A study of hybridoma class switch variants.

An initial panel of four syngeneic monoclonal antibodies directed against the idiotype of a murine B cell lymphoma was used to treat this tumor in vivo. The antibody in the panel of the IgG2a isotype was more effective in treatment than the other antibodies, which were of the IgG1 and IgG2b isotypes. To independently assess the role of antibody isotype in mediating antitumor effects, switch variant hybridoma families were isolated from the hybridomas secreting the less effective IgG1 and IgG2b antibodies. A family isolated from an IgG1-secreting parent consisted of IgG1-, IgG2b-, and IgG2a-secreting members, and an IgG2a variant was isolated from an IgG2b-secreting parent for another family. Antibody members of each family differed only in heavy chain composition and were the same with respect to their light chains and their affinity and specificity for idiotype. The IgG2a members of both families were superior to the other members in inhibiting tumor growth with an order of effectiveness of IgG2a greater than IgG1 greater than IgG2b. These in vivo results paralleled the abilities of these different isotype antibodies to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytolysis in vitro. For the IgG2b----IgG2a family, in vivo treatment with the IgG2a member given i.p. after i.p. tumor challenge at one-tenth the dose of the IgG2b member was still superior to the latter. At one-hundredth the dose of the IgG2b, the IgG2a was still superior to the latter when the antibodies were given i.p. and tumors subcutaneously. These data and those showing that the clearance of these antibodies from the serum differed in only a relatively minor way indicate that the IgG2a antibodies in this system had greater antitumor effects primarily by virtue of their greater capacity for host effector interaction.
A novel beacon frame scheduling algorithm based on cluster-tree IEEE 802.15.4 wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks based on the IEEE 802.15. 4 standard is able to achieve low-power transmissions in low-rate and short-distance wireless personal area networks (WPANs). It employs the slotted carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) in the contention access period (CAP). Unfortunately the periodic broadcast beacon frame is transmitted without CSMA/CA so that it could be continuously collided. This type of collision causes lost synchronization and unable to join a network because the beacon frame cannot be normally received. This paper proposes a simple time shift scheme (STSS) based on IEEE 802.15. 4 to keep original superframe structure and distribute transmission of beacon frame over active period to avoid beacon frame collisions. We use a simple function to allocate beacon frame transmission in the active period. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme significantly reduces the beacon collision and lost synchronization rate, and it also improves the throughput.
Localization of Hexokinase in Neural Tissue: Electron Microscopic Studies of Rat Cerebellar Cortex

: The distribution of hexokinase (ATP:d‐hexose 6‐phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.1) in the rat cerebellar cortex has been studied at the electron microscopic level using the peroxidase‐antiperoxidase procedure. Extensive staining of cytoplasmic regions, with some increased staining at mitochondrial profiles, was seen in the cell bodies of both neurons (basket, stellate, Lugaro, Golgi, and granule cells) and astrocytes. Oligodendrocytes showed little or no detectable staining. Purkinje cell perikarya were much less intensely stained than were the perikarya of other neurons. The initial portion of the Purkinje dendrite was, like the perikaryon from which it emerged, lightly stained. More intense staining was seen in the secondary and tertiary branches of the Purkinje dendrite, but the terminal branches were devoid of stain. Granule cell dendrites were well stained in their initial portions but devoid of stain in their terminal dendritic digits which form part of the cerebellar glomeruli. In contrast to the unstained granule cell dendritic digits, the central mossy fiber nerve terminal of the glomerulus exhibited intense staining of the mitochondrial profiles and of synaptic vesicles adjacent to the mitochondria. Axons of basket cells showed intense staining in the segments adjacent to the Purkinje cell soma, while terminal twigs of the basket axons in the pinceau surrounding the (unstained) initial segment of the Purkinje axon showed markedly decreased staining intensity. These results indicate that there may be substantial variation in hexokinase levels between the various regions of neuronal processes. Hexokinase was seen at both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial locations in a variety of cells. It does not appear likely that location of hexokinase can be directly correlated with cell type, i.e., with neurons versus glia.
Critères objectifs avec référence de qualité visuelle des images couleur

La conception de criteres objectifs d'evaluation de qualite visuelle des images est d'une grande utilite afin d'optimiser les performances des systemes de traitement d'images pour la saisie, l'affichage, le stockage et la transmission de l'information visuelle. Un critere objectif de qualite doit fournir des mesures de qualite en forte correspondance avec le jugement humain. Il est donc necessaire d'integrer des modeles des principales proprietes du systeme visuel humain dans la conception d'un tel critere. L'objectif de cette these est d'etablir et d'appliquer ces modeles afin d'evaluer la qualite des images fixes couleur. Cette evaluation s'effectue avec la connaissance de l'image de reference. Par contre, le critere ne necessite pas la connaissance de la nature des distorsions de l'image degradee.
Australians' organic food beliefs, demographics and values

Purpose – To examine consumers' beliefs about organic foods and their relationship with socio‐demographics and self‐transcendence (universal, benevolence) personal values.Design/methodology/approach – A random questionnaire‐based mail survey of 500 Australian (Victorian) adults (58 per cent response) was used. The questionnaire included items on organic food beliefs, the importance of self‐transcendence values as guiding principles in life, and socio‐demographics. Statistical analyses included cross‐tabulations of organic food beliefs by socio‐demographics and multiple regression analyses of positive organic food beliefs with personal value and socio‐demographic items as the independent variables.Findings – The majority of participants believed organic food to be healthier, tastier and better for the environment than conventional food. However, expense and lack of availability were strong barriers to the purchasing of organic foods. Generally, women were more positive about organic food than men (e.g. wom.
Evaluating the impacts of human capital stocks and accumulation on economic growth: some new evidence.

"Various hypotheses have been put forward in recent years concerning the contribution of human capital to economic growth. This paper argues that school enrolment rates--by far the most commonly used human capital measure in growth regressions attempting to test these hypotheses--conflate human capital stock and accumulation effects and lead to misinterpretations of the role of labour force growth. An alternative education-related human capital measure is constructed which is capable of distinguishing between stocks and flows. Applying this measure to samples of developed and less developed countries during the 1960-85 period suggests not only that there are important growth effects associated both with 'initial' stocks of, and subsequent growth in, human capital, but also that this new measure out-performs the simple school enrolment rates used in previous analyses. "
Syndromes dominated by apraxia of speech show distinct characteristics from agrammatic PPA

Objective: We assessed whether clinical and imaging features of subjects with apraxia of speech (AOS) more severe than aphasia (dominant AOS) are more similar to agrammatic primary progressive aphasia (agPPA) or to primary progressive AOS (PPAOS). Methods: Sixty-seven subjects (PPAOS = 18, dominant AOS = 10, agPPA = 9, age-matched controls = 30) who all had volumetric MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, F18-fluorodeoxyglucose and C11-labeled Pittsburgh compound B (PiB)-PET scanning, as well as neurologic and speech and language assessments, were included in this case-control study. AOS was classified as either type 1, predominated by sound distortions and distorted sound substitutions, or type 2, predominated by syllabically segmented prosodic speech patterns. Results: The dominant AOS subjects most often had AOS type 2, similar to PPAOS. In contrast, agPPA subjects most often had type 1 (p = 0.01). Both dominant AOS and PPAOS showed focal imaging abnormalities in premotor cortex, whereas agPPA showed widespread involvement affecting premotor, prefrontal, temporal and parietal lobes, caudate, and insula. Only the dominant AOS and PPAOS groups showed midbrain atrophy compared with controls. No differences were observed in PiB binding across all 3 groups, with the majority being PiB negative. Conclusion: These results suggest that dominant AOS is more similar to PPAOS than agPPA, with dominant AOS and PPAOS exhibiting a clinically distinguishable subtype of progressive AOS compared with agPPA.
Combination Treatment with Atorvastatin plus Niacin Provides Effective Control of Complex Dyslipidemias: A Literature Review

Abstract Patients with dyslipidemia receive a cardiovascular benefit from lowering low–density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL–C). Atorvastatin is currently one of the most effective approved medications for lowering LDL–C, and has been shown to significantly reduce cardiovascular risk in many patient groups. However, even with substantial lowering of LDL–C with atorvastatin, patients still have a residual risk for coronary heart disease. Elevated triglyceride levels and low high–density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL–C) levels may contribute to this risk. Approved medications targeting these secondary lipid parameters include fibrates, omega–3 fatty acids, and niacin. Among these medications, niacin provides the optimal increase in HDL–C levels and has efficacy similar to the other medications in lowering triglyceride levels. However, there are challenges to adherence with niacin treatment. The most common challenge during niacin treatment is flushing, although it typically decreases with ongoing use and can be ameliorated by pretreatment with aspirin and counseling by the prescriber. A combination of atorvastatin and niacin may provide more complete normalization of the lipid profile and increased cardiovascular benefits. A literature review of the PubMed and Embase databases was conducted for clinical studies that reported on the lipid–modifying efficacy of the atorvastatin plus niacin combination. identified studies involved patients at risk for coronary heart disease and patients with established coronary heart disease. Overall, the studies were small but indicated that atorvastatin in combination with niacin was efficacious in normalizing lipid parameters. Larger lipid studies as well as studies evaluating cardiovascular outcomes during atorvastatin plus niacin treatment are warranted.
Reverse flow first dorsal metacarpal artery flap for covering the defect of distal thumb

Reconstruction of distal thumb injuries still remains a challenge for hand surgeons. Surgical treatment includes the use of local, regional, and free flaps. The purpose of this report is to present the results of the use of a sensitive reverse flow first dorsal metacarpal artery (FDMA) flap. The skin flap was designed on the radial side of the proximal phalanx of the index finger based on the ulnar and radial branch of the FDMA and a sensory branch of the superficial radial nerve. This neurovascular flap was used in five patients to cover distal soft‐tissue thumb defects. All flaps achieved primary healing except for one patient in whom superficial partial necrosis of the flap occurred, and the defect healed by second intention. All patients maintained the thumb original length and were able to return to their previous daily activities. The reverse flow FDMA flap is a reliable option to cover immediate and delayed defects of distal thumb, offering acceptable functional and cosmetic outcomes in respect to sensibility, durability, and skin‐match. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 34:283–286, 2014.
Successful publishing: The use of reporting guidelines

Last year, Physiotherapy Research International (PRI) published an editorial on the importance of the peer‐review process for academic journals and the opportunities that quality, timely reviews produce for publishers and reviewers (Louw & Grimmer, 2016). This article highlighted the common difficulties reported by editors in recruiting willing reviewers who can deliver quality, timely reviews, and outlined many reasons why potential reviewers decline to undertake a peer‐ review invitation. One common constraint is reviewers' lack of time to undertake the review within the (often) short turnaround timeframes. This editorial proposes that if authors of scientific papers made use of reporting guidelines and/ or protocol registries when conceiving their research and writing their research reports, this would ensure that, whatever the research design, the reported methods and results sections would be standarized, comprehensive, and well structured. If potential reviewers could be assured that a reporting guideline had been used in manuscript construction, and if the paper had undergone a compliance check at the time of submission regarding adherence to a relevant reporting guideline, it might increase reviewers' willingness to accept more peer‐review invitations. Compliance with reporting guidelines, or knowledge that a protocol had been registered, would enable reviewers to make good use of their reviewing time by focusing more on the academic arguments, the “so what” of the findings and the evidence implementation potential of the research, rather than reorganizing a poorly written study (Suls & Martin, 2009). Far too often, reviewers spend disproportionate amounts of their scarce reviewing time searching the submitted article for relevant information, or working their way through disorganized methods or results sections. This slows the time to acceptance for publication because of the need for extensive revisions, it can make reviewers reluctant to undertake more reviews and it can result in frustration all around.
Absorption of (−)‐nicotine‐1′‐N‐oxide in man and its reduction in the gastrointestinal tract

(-)-Nicotine ismetabolized to(-)-nicotine-1'-N-oxideand (-)-cotinine in man (Bowman, Turnbull & McKennis, 1959 ; Booth & Boyland, 1970). Nicotine, cotinine and the highly water soluble, but virtually lipid insoluble, nicotine1 '-N-oxide* are excreted in urine. Nicotine-1'-N-oxide has negligible lipid solubility over the pH range from 2 to 9 (Badgett, Eisner & Walens, 1952) and little absorption from an oral dose would therefore be predicted. However, oral administration of nicotine1 '-N-oxide* results in peak urinary excretion of this N-oxide within 2 h of administration (Fig. 1); neither of the two metabolites, nicotine nor cotinine, could be detected until 4.5 h. The amounts recovered as (-)-nicotine-1 '-&oxide, (-)-nicotine and (-)-cotinine are shown in Table 1.
Impact of the interaction between nitrogen implant and NO anneal on narrow-width transistors

This study reports a new behavior in narrow-width transistors resulting from the interaction of oxides grown with nitrogen implant with the nitridation associated with growing other oxides. Nitric oxide (NO) annealing of 28-/spl Aring/ oxides grown on nitrogen-implanted silicon results in the decrease of NMOS threshold voltage and in the increase (absolute value) of PMOS threshold with decreasing width. This effect arises from the positive charge from NO anneal interacting with the parasitic transistor associated with the shallow trench isolation edge recess. The parasitic impact becomes more pronounced for narrower widths due to higher effect of recess on total transistor width.