Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TITLE : A statistical explanation of MaxEnt for ecologists

1 MaxEnt is a program for modelling species distributions from presence-only species records. This 2 paper describes it from an ecological perspective, making explicit links between the structure of the 3 model, decisions required in producing a modelled distribution, and knowledge about the species 4 and the data that might affect those decisions. To begin we discuss the characteristics of presence-5 only data, from the viewpoint of the implications for modelling distributions. The keystone of the 6 paper is a new explanation of MaxEnt using statistical notation and concepts more familiar to 7 ecologists than the previous machine-learning based ones. Then using case studies for a Banksia 8 species native to southwest Australia and a riverine fish, we fit models and interpret them, 9 exploring why certain choices affect the result and what this means. Appropriate treatments for 10 survey bias, locally restricted species, and predicting to environments outside the range of the 11 training data are demonstrated, and new capabilities discussed. 12
Research on Parallel Query of XML Stream Data Based on Pushdown Transducers

The social networking, network monitoring and financial applications have a need to query high rate streaming of XML data, but previous methods for executing XPath queries on streaming XML data have not kept pace with multicore CPUs. Data parallel query methods can improve processing efficiency by using multi-core CPU. Push down transducer as a special type of automaton, it not only can be used to handle XML data, and its internal stack structure can preserve the important information in the processing, so it can combine with the data parallel querying to improve the processing efficiency further. In order to improve the efficiency, transfers XPath query pattern into a series of ordered subquery which its result are valid and has easier logic. Keywords-XML stream; XPath; ordered tree pattern; pushdown transducer; data parallel
Lectures on Early Universe Cosmology : Inflation , Baryogenesis and Dark Matter

These lectures, presented at TASI 2018, provide a concise introduction to inflation, baryogenesis, and aspects of dark matter not covered by the other lectures. The emphasis for inflation is an intuitive understanding and techniques for constraining inflationary models. For baryogenesis we focus on two examples, leptogenesis and electroweak baryogenesis, with attention to singlet-assisted two-step phase transitions. Concerning dark matter, we review different classes of models distinguished by their mechanisms for obtaining the observed relic density, including thermal freeze-out, asymmetric dark matter, freeze-in, SIMP dark matter, the misalignment mechanism for ultralight scalars and axions, and production of primordial black holes during inflation. Problem sets are provided.
Development of Industrial Districts in China and its Implications

Since economic reform and opening to the outside world, China has been industrializing at a rapid pace. From 1978 to 2005, the average national GDP growth rate was 9.4%, far higher than the world average. The contribution of export processing trade to economic growth grew from 6% in 1981 to 38% in 1990 and rose further reaching 49% in 2005. Currently, China is the leading global exporter in 774 items and was ranked among the top five exporting countries for 1,972 other items (Yang et al. 2006). However, this explosive growth, at least until recently, has been driven primarily by the low wage manufacturing of consumer goods. Many Chinese factories have only provided OEM products for the “big buyers”, but have not yet established a position on international markets for innovative and high-value-added products.
Appendix “ Reputation and Liquidity Traps ” ∗

Section A sets up notations. Section B provides a formal proof of the conditions for the revert-to-discretion plan to be credible. Section C describes the details of the Ramsey planner’s problem and the solution method, and reports the solution accuracy. Section D provides detailed analyses of Markov-perfect equilibria and demonstrates the existence of an equilibrium in which the government chooses to keep the nominal interest rate at zero in both high and low states. Section E analyzes the implications of repeated crises for the Ramsey outcome. Section F constructs the revert-to-deflation plan and examines its credibility. Section G defines and analyzes the revert-to-discretion(N) plan in which the reversion to a regime in which the central bank cannot manipulate future expectations lasts for finite periods N . Section H provides some details on the fully nonlinear version of the model. Section I provides detailed exposition of the mechanism behind the result on how frequency and persistence of the shock affects credibility. Section J provides detailed sensitivity analyses in the reduced-form parameter space, whereas Section K provides the results of sensitivity analyses in the structural-parameter space. Section L provides additional analyses on the revert-to-discretion(N) plan. Section M discusses the discontinuity of the threshold crisis frequency at pL = 0.
Coupled DEM-SPH Method for Interaction between Dilated Polyhedral Particles and Fluid

The discrete element method (DEM) and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) can be adopted to simulate the granular materials and fluid media respectively. The DEM-SPH coupling algorithm can be developed for the dynamic interaction between the two media. When the particle material is simulated by polyhedral element, a fluid-solid coupling interface would lead to the complex geometry between the granular particle and the fluid. The boundary particle method is traditionally used for the fluid-solid interface but with low computational efficiency. In this paper, the dilated polyhedral element is constructed based on Minkowski sum theory, while the contact force between the elements is calculated by Hertzian contact model. Accordingly the dilated polyhedra based DEM is established. The weakly compressible SPH is adopted to simulate the fluid medium, while the interaction on the geometrically complex fluid-solid interface is evaluated with the repulsive force model which can be determined by the contact detection between SPH particles and solid particles in geometry. This method avoids the storage and calculation of a large number of boundary particles, which can be potentially applied for the complex fluid-solid boundary. In order to improve the computational efficiency, a GPU-based parallel algorithm is employed to achieve high performance computation of SPH. The acceleration of the parallel algorithm is evaluated by the cases of dam break. The numerical simulation of the impact of dam break on cubes is implemented. The simulation results are verified with the corresponding experimental and simulation results. Therefore, the rationality and accuracy of the DEM-SPH coupling method for numerical simulation of the interaction between granular materials and fluid media are illustrated. This method is then adopted for the impact of falling rocks on underwater pipeline. The force of water and rocks on the pipeline is analyzed. This method can be further applied for real engineering problems.
Shared Representation in Multilingual Grammar Engineering 1

Multilingual grammar engineering is the development of implemented grammars for parsing and/or generation of natural language texts explicitly set in a multilingual environment. This field of endeavor was the topic of a workshop at ESSLLI 2003 (in Vienna), and the workshop, in turn, was the inspiration for the current volume, Our purpose here is to bring together papers from different multilingual grammar engineering efforts which all address one particular issue, namely, questions of shared representations across grammars: Which levels of representation should be shared? To what extent should the representations be shared? What are the implications (engineering and linguistic) of such mismatches as are allowed? How can the process of standardization be designed to encourage experimentation and new discoveries within particular language grammars while still maintaining consistent standards? What kinds of evaluation methods are available to test grammars or grammar outputs for conformity with the standards?
The Causal Structure of The EFQM Excellence Model

The purpose of this paper is to explore the causal structure of The EFQM Excellence Model. The use of the model as a tool for organisational self-assessment has increased in recent years but little research has focused on the causal relationship between the nine criteria. First a framework for the relationship between the criteria is developed based on theoretical arguments and then this framework is tested through a survey among more than 750 Danish companies using the statistical technique called LISREL. The conclusion of the paper is that the theoretical framework fits the data reasonably well and the framework is thus a good description of The EFQM Excellence Model.
Aeroacoustic Optimization of a Low-Speed Fan

The use of air conditioning systems has increased in the recent decades due to the growth of the purchasing power in the developed world and the confort they provide, whereas the awareness regarding the negative health impacts of these systems has also increased. Many studies were conducted to predict and minimize the noise of the fans present in most of these systems. In this work, a noise prediction framework based on the Blade Element Momentum method for aerodynamic prediction was coupled to the empirical aeroacoustic models based on the works of Carolus et al (2007) and Brooks et al (1989) and to XFOIL for boundary layer parameter calculations. This framework was validated against experimental data of a known axial impeller and an existing air conditioning fan model was analyzed and its baseline noise values were characterized. A blade parameterization method was developed where the chord and twist distributions and airfoil sections were described by Bézier curves. A parametric study to determine the impact of fan diameter and blade number on the produced noise was conducted. The aeroacoustic code was coupled to the optimization framework pyOpt, and by using the NSGAII genetic algorithm, a set of single and multi-objective optimizations, with chord, twist and curvature as design variables were performed on the baseline fan and on the minimum noise fan resultant from the parametric study. The optimal solutions indicated a maximum reduction of 4.1% in noise and a maximum increase of 5.3% in efficiency. Introducing diameter and blade number changes, a significant noise reduction is possible but with a moderate aerodynamic penalty.
Discrete Copula Distributions with Time-Varying Marginals and Dependence Structure ∗

We investigate the intraday dependence pattern between tick data of stock price changes using a new time-varying model for discrete copulas. We let the parameters of both the marginal models and the copula vary over time based on an observationdriven autoregressive updating scheme that uses the score of previous period’s conditional probability mass function with respect to the time-varying parameters. The new time-varying discrete copulas perform well in a controlled environment. We apply the model to high-frequency stock price changes expressed as discrete tick-size multiples for four liquid U.S. financial stocks. Using Skellam marginals and a range of different copula functions, we find evidence of intraday time-variation in the dependence structure. Dependence levels are lower right after the opening and before the close of the exchange. We attribute this finding to more idiosyncratic trading at these moments. The patterns cannot be explained by a fixed daily pattern, and the stochastic scoredriven dynamics of dependence significantly increase the likelihood and BIC values of the time-varying copula model.
Improve the yen carry trade with economic fundamentals

In this paper, economic fundamental variables are used to predict the exchange rates of major currencies against the Japanese yen in a factor augmented regression, where the factor is constructed from the risk premium of each currency. The yen carry trade is then simulated based on these forecasts. Carry trades based on these forecasts out-perform the naive carry trade based on the random walk forecast in terms of risk-adjusted returns and return skewness. The better performance is robust for different time periods and after controlling for the transaction cost. The result suggests that fundamentals are useful in practice although the academia generally consider them ineffective in predicting exchange rates.
Do takeover defenses deter takeovers ?

The G-index and E-index are used extensively in the literature to measure firms‘ takeover defenses. Yet almost no empirical evidence exists that quantifies whether, or how much, various takeover defenses, or combinations of defenses, actually affect a firm‘s acquisition likelihood. In simple tests that do not account for endogeneity, we find no evidence that the G-index and E-index are related to takeover likelihood. Using instruments for a firm‘s use of takeover defenses based on the firm‘s geography and IPO cohort, however, we find that both the G-index and E-index are negatively and significantly related to takeover likelihood. The relation between takeover likelihood and the G-index is driven by a subset of 14 provisions, many of which are not captured by the E-index, and three of which have signs opposite to how they are counted in the G-index. We propose that this empirically-driven subset of 14 takeover defenses better reflects a firm‘s takeover defense posture. JEL classification: G34, K22, L14
Cerium- and Iron-Oxide-Based Nanozymes in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

Nanoparticulate materials displaying enzyme-like properties, so-called nanozymes, are explored as substitutes for natural enzymes in several industrial, energy-related, and biomedical applications. Outstanding high stability, enhanced catalytic activities, low cost, and availability at industrial scale are some of the fascinating features of nanozymes. Furthermore, nanozymes can also be equipped with the unique attributes of nanomaterials such as magnetic or optical properties. Due to the impressive development of nanozymes during the last decade, their potential in the context of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine also started to be explored. To highlight the progress, in this review, we discuss the two most representative nanozymes, namely, cerium- and iron-oxide nanomaterials, since they are the most widely studied. Special focus is placed on their applications ranging from cardioprotection to therapeutic angiogenesis, bone tissue engineering, and wound healing. Finally, current challenges and future directions are discussed.
ESTIMATION OF RISK-FREE RATE AS A PART OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

Risk-Free rate is the basic input parameter of many models and approaches that are used in the business valuation. Most of the yield financial models are based on identifying the risk-free asset while the expected yield of this asset is considered to be the risk-free rate of return. Many experts and specialists in the financial management and investment management usually use government bonds’ rate of return however there exists a number of methods for calculation the risk free rate. An expected return on risky investment is then calculated relatively to the risk-free rate and the difference between these rates is the risk margin. The risk-free rate has been playing a very important role in the calculation of cost of capital. The aim of this paper is to give a theoretical description of the risk free rate and methods that are used for its estimation because it is an important issue in the process of business valuation and investment decisions making.
SIX 14 Questions for Invasion in Ecological Networks

Why do some species successfully invade new environments? Which of these invasive species will alter or even reshape their new environment? The answers to these questions are simultaneously critical and complex. They are critical because invasive species can spectacularly alter their new environment, leading to native species extinctions or loss of important ecosystem functions that fundamentally reduce environmental and societal services. They are complex because invasion success in a novel environment is influenced by various attributes embedded in natural landscapes— biogeographical landscape properties, abiotic environmental characteristics, and the relationship between the invasive species and the resident species present in the new environment. We explore whether a condensed record of the relationships among species, in the form of a network, contains the information needed to understand and predict invasive species success and subsequent impacts. Applying network theory to study invasive species is a relatively novel approach. For this reason, much research will be needed to incorporate existing ecological properties into a network framework and to identify which network features hold the information needed to understand and predict whether or not an invasive species is likely to establish or come to dominate a novel environment. This paper asks and begins to answer the 14 most important questions that biologists must address to integrate network analysis into the study of invasive species. Answering these questions can help ecologists produce a practical monitoring scheme to identify invasive species before they substantially alter native environments or to provide solutions to mitigate their harmful impacts. 294 J.H. Pantel et al. Author's personal copy
Investigating Determinants of Tourist Intention and Associationsof PerceivedUsefulness , Ease of Use and Mobility in the Context of Mobile Tourism Guide

This study investigates the determinants of tourist intention and associations of perceived usefulness, perceived ease-ofuse, and perceived mobility in the context of mobile tourism guide. As a result of a few previous research studies the association of these constructs, especially in the context of mobile tourism guide. The research model is developed based on technology acceptance model 2 and extended model with perceived mobility constructs. The study employs convenience sampling technique to collect data from international tourists at Suvarnabhumi Airport in Thailand. The study employed WarpPLS 3.0 to analyze the proposed model in terms of validity, reliability, and path coefficients. The results evidence perceived usefulness, perceived ease-of-use, and perceived mobility are the determinants of tourists’ intention to use mobile tourism guide in all traveller types. Even thought, perceived ease-of-use is not the determinant of intention for both selfmanaged tour and package tour. In addition, the study supports the technology acceptance model 2 in terms of association of perceived ease-of-use and perceived usefulness. Furthermore, the findings also reveal the association of perceived mobility and perceived ease-of-use, and evidence the association of perceived mobility and perceived usefulness in intention model. The findings of study extend the body of knowledge in the context of mobile application and contribute the tourism industries to understand the tourists’ perception on mobile application.
Ph ton Evaluation of alternative chemotherapeutic agent from Ruellia tuberosa for hepatocellular carcinoma using HepG 2 cell lines

Background: Cancer is one of the most life‐threatening diseases with more than 100 different types. Cancer has become an important issue in medicine as it is a major cause of death in both the developed and developing countries and it is now well thought-out as secondary to that of myocardial infarction. Objective: Plants have a special place in the treatment of cancer. It is estimated that plant derived compounds one or the other constitute more than 50% of anticancer agents. The objective of the research is to evaluate the anticancer potential of R. tuberosa using HepG2 cell line. Method: The present communication attempts to study the cell viability, cytotoxic activity, apoptosis, flow cytometry analysis and DNA fragmentation analysis on HepG2 cells treated with ethyl acetate and ethanolic extracts of R. tuberosa. Result: The ethanolic extract of R. tuberosa was found to posses better anticancer potential than ethyl acetate extract of R. tuberosa against HepG2 cells. Conclusion: The results provide useful information about antiproliferative, cytotoxic and apoptotic activity of R. tuberosa. It is suggested that R. tuberosa could be a new alternative chemotherapeutic agent for liver cancer.
Transfer Learning and Deep Neural Network Acceleration for Image Classification Team 26 :

This project aims at performing image classifications using transfer learning [1] in deep neural networks. Pre-trained ResNet [2] models are fine-tuned and tested on the 10 Monkey Species dataset [3] and the Stanford Cars dataset [4]. Transferring pre-trained ResNet-18 model to Monkey dataset achieves over 98% testing accuracy after only one epoch of training. Meanwhile, finetuning the pre-trained ResNet-152 model achieves 92.55% top-1 accuracy and 98.14% top-5 accuracy on over 8,000 test images of the Cars dataset. Techniques including data augmentation and curriculum learning are also used to improve the performance. Nvidia’s TensorRT framework [5] is also utilized for GPU inference acceleration and reaches over 3× boost in the model’s prediction speed. github link: https://github.com/eebowen/transfer-learning-andinference-acceleration.git
Physics beyond the standard model with S 2 extra-space Programs in Science and Engineering Course in Material Science Student ID : 07 DS 008

We propose new approaches to construct models of the physics beyond the Standard Model using two-sphere(S) as the extra dimensional space. Especially, we are interested in Gauge-Higgs Unification models and Universal Extra Dimensional models and construct models based on these ideas with S extra space. We analyze a gauge-Higgs unification model which is based on a gauge theory defined on a six-dimensional spacetime with an S extra-space. We impose a symmetry condition for a gauge field and non-trivial boundary conditions of the S. We provide the scheme for constructing a four-dimensional theory from the six-dimensional gauge theory under these conditions. We then construct a concrete model based on an SO(12) gauge theory with fermions which lie in a 32 representation of SO(12), under the scheme. This model leads to a Standard-Model(-like) gauge theory which has gauge symmetry SU(3) × SU(2)L × U(1)Y (× U(1)) and one generation of SM fermions, in four-dimensions. The Higgs sector of the model is also analyzed, and it is shown that the electroweak symmetry breaking and the prediction of W-boson and Higgs-boson masses are obtained. The former attempts of constructing Gauge-Higgs Unification models are also introduced, which are based on Coset Space Dimensional Reduction scheme. The new Universal Extra Dimensional model is also constructed, which is defined on a six-dimensional spacetime with twosphere orbifold S/Z2 as an extra-space. We specify our model by choosing the gauge symmetry as SU(3)×SU(2)×U(1)Y ×U(1)X , introducing field contents in six-dimensions as their zero modes correspond to the Standard model particles, and determining a boundary condition of these fields on orbifold S/Z2. A background gauge field that belongs to U(1)X is introduced there, which is necessary to obtain massless chiral fermions in four-dimensional spacetime. We then analyze Kaluza-Klein(KK) mode expansion of the fields in our model and derive the mass spectrum of the KK particles. We find that the lightest KK particles are the 1st KK particle of massless gauge bosons at tree level. We also discuss the KK parity of the KK modes in our model and confirm the stability of the lightest KK particle which is important for dark matter physics.