Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Temperature Effect on Ultrasonic-assisted of Synthesis Methyl Ferulate and Its Antiplatelet Assay

Ferulic acid (FA) has been reported to have antiplatelet activity through indirectly inhibiting P2Y12 receptor. In order to increase the activity of FA, by improving its lipophilicity, so that it is easier to enter the cell, synthesis methyl ferulate was conducted through Fisher esterification. Ultrasonic waves were utilized as source of energy emitted through water as the medium at two various of temperature, i.e., 55 °C and 65 °C. The purposes of this study are to produce methyl ferulate and to determine the reaction constant rate (k) and its energy activation (Ea), at temperature of 55 °C and 65 °C. Moreover, the biological activity as antiplatelet was investigated at dose 20 mg/kg BW. The antiplatelet assay was conducted by clotting time and bleeding time methods. The results were analyzed by one way ANOVA program (P<0.05). The yield of methyl ferulate are 50.3% and 67.1% at 55 °C and 65 °C, respectively. The k value at 55°C is 4x10-5 cons-1min-1, while that of at 65 °C is 9x10-5 cons-1min-1. The clotting time and bleeding time of methyl ferulate obtained were 265 sec and 175 sec, respectively. The antiplatelet activity of methyl ferulate is better than ferulic acid.
Cryptosporidium parvum COMO FACTOR DE RIESGO EN LA DIARREA NEONATAL EN ALPACAS DE PUNO CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM AS RISK FACTOR ON NEONATAL DIARRHEA IN ALPACAS OF PUNO

The role of Cryptosporidium parvum as a risk factor for the occurrence of neonatal diarrhea was evaluated using a case-control study design in alpacas from Puno. The study was carried out during the calving season, between February and March 2006. Stool samples (n=487) were collected in alpacas of 1 to 15 days of age in four localities: Antacalla, La Raya, Quimsachata and Macusani. The faecal smears were processed following the Modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain. The 39% (130/336) of alpacas with diarrhea and 23% (35/151) of alpacas without diarrhea were positives to C. parvum infection. The logistic regression showed that this parasite does not represent a risk factor for neonatal diarrhea in the screened animals (OR: 1.5, IC 95%: 0.9-2.4). It was also determined that La Raya was statistically significant (p=0.046) and represented a risk factor for the occurrence of neonatal diarrhea (OR: 2.5, IC 95%: 1.1-6.1).
HYPOGLYCEMIC ACTIVITY OF CAMEL MILK IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

Oral hypoglycemic activity of camel milk in streptozotocin (50 mg/kg, I.P.) induced diabetic rats was investigated in this controlled study. These rats were maintained on normal diet of wheat dalia and in addition to that they were offered raw camel milk (Group I), raw cattle milk (Group II), water (Group III) and untreated control rats on normal diet (Group IV) Their blood glucose levels were estimated at weekly interval, for three consecutive weeks. Initial mean blood glucose levels of treated animals were 191.33±7.46 mg/dl, whereas in case of untreated controls it was 80.6±12.07 mg/dl. In Group I after 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd week of trial, mean blood glucose levels were 98.0±3.37, 89.0±5.23 and 86.25±12.77 mg/dl, in Group II they were 158.4±11.34, 132.8±23.49 and 110.0±9.97 mg/dl, whereas in Group III they were 203.6±10.11, 162.8±13.29 and 167.57±19.39 mg/dl, respectively. On every occasion the mean blood glucose level in the untreated control group was within the normal range (70 to 90 mg/dl). During three weeks of trial there was a decrease in the mean blood glucose level of all the treated groups getting raw milk, but decline rate was higher (210%) in Group I animals getting raw camel milk compared to raw cattle milk.
Inhibitory effects of Shuanghuanglian injection on nuclear factor-kappa B expression in mice with viral encephalitis in a time- and dose-dependent manner

Previous studies have confirmed that the anti-virus effects of Shuanghuanglian injection may be associated with nuclear factor-kappa B activity. This study observed nuclear factor-kappa B expression in mice with viral encephalitis, and showed significant decreases in nuclear factor-kappa B protein and mRNA levels following Shuanghuanglian injection. The inhibitory effect was more significant with prolonged intervention duration and increased treatment dose. These findings verify that Shuanghuanglian injection plays a therapeutic role in viral encephalitis by reducing expression of nuclear factor-kappa B in a time- and dose-dependent manner.
A population-based serologic survey of immunity to tetanus in the United States.

BACKGROUND Vaccination rates are frequently considered a surrogate measure of protection. To provide more accurate estimates, serum levels of antibody against tetanus were measured as part of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), which studied a representative sample of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the United States. METHODS We measured tetanus antitoxin using a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay in serum samples from 10,618 persons six years of age and older who were examined during phase 1 of NHANES III in 1988 to 1991. RESULTS Overall, 69.7 percent of Americans six years of age and older had protective levels of tetanus antibodies (> 0.15 IU per milliliter). The rate decreased from 87.7 percent among those 6 to 11 years of age to 27.8 percent among those 70 years of age or older. Among children 6 to 16 years of age, 82.2 percent had protective levels of tetanus antibodies, with little variation according to race or ethnicity. More men than women were immune (79.0 percent vs. 62.4 percent). Mexican Americans had a significantly lower rate of immunity (57.9 percent, P < 0.05) than either non-Hispanic whites (72.7 percent) or non-Hispanic blacks (68.1 percent). Those with a history of military service, higher levels of education, or incomes above the poverty level were more likely to have protective antibody levels. Although the prevalence of immunity declined rapidly starting at the age of 40 years, most of the 107 cases of tetanus (with 20 deaths) reported in 1989 and 1990 occurred in persons 60 years of age or older. CONCLUSIONS Despite the fact that effective vaccines against tetanus have been available since the 1940s, many Americans do not have immunity to tetanus, and the rates are lowest among the elderly. There is an excellent correlation between vaccination rates (96 percent) and immunity (96 percent) among six-year-olds. However, antibody levels decline over time, and one fifth of older children (10 to 16 years of age) do not have protective antibody levels.
Facile green synthesis and applications of silver nanoparticles: a state-of-the-art review

In the field of nanotechnology, the development of reliable and eco-friendly methods for the synthesis of NPs is crucial. The conventional methods for the synthesis of NPs are costly, toxic, and not ecofriendly. To overcome these issues, natural sources such as plant, bacteria, fungi, and biopolymers have been used to synthesize AgNPs. These natural sources act as reducing and capping agents. The shape, size, and applications of AgNPs are prominently affected by the reaction parameters under which they are synthesized. Accessible distributed data on the synthesis of AgNPs include the impact of different parameters (temperature and pH), characterization techniques (DLS, UV-vis, FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM and EDX), properties and their applications. This review paper discusses all the natural sources such as plants, bacteria, fungi, and biopolymers that have been used for the synthesis of AgNPs in the last ten years. AgNPs synthesized by green methods have found potential applications in a wide spectrum of areas including drug delivery, DNA analysis and gene therapy, cancer treatment, antimicrobial agents, biosensors, catalysis, SERS and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The current limitations and future prospects for the synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles by green methods are also discussed herein.
Activity- and ubiquitin-dependent turnover of AMPA receptors and the trafficking of lysosomes in dendrites and dendritic spines

Author(s): Goo, Marisa S | Advisor(s): Patrick, Gentry N; Trejo, JoAnn | Abstract: Changes in synaptic strength underlie the basis of learning and memory and are controlled, in part, by the insertion and removal of AMPA-type glutamate receptors. Once internalized, these receptors maybe recycled back to the plasma membrane by subunit-specific interactions with other proteins or by post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation. Ubiquitination, another post-translational modification, has recently emerged as a key signal that regulates the recycling and trafficking of glutamate receptors. However, the activity-dependent rules that govern internalization and degradation have not been fully elucidated.This dissertation was designed in two parts; (1) to investigate the molecular specificity and activity-dependent rules of AMPAR ubiquitination via a deubiquinating enzyme, USP8 and (2) to determine how the lysosome, an organelle that degrades AMPARs, may also respond to synaptic cues to coordinate degradation of membrane proteins such as AMAPRs. We approached the first part of this study by evaluating the distribution and activation of USP8 and how neuronal activity alters USP8 distribution and activation. Using mainly biochemical techniques such as western blot and immunopreciptation as well as immunostaining, we showed that NMDAR signaling is required to spare AMPARs from ubiquitin-dependent internalization and degradation. To elucidate activity-dependent trafficking of lysosomes, we utilized electron microscopy and confocal live imaging of neurons and 2-photon imaging of organotypic hippocampal slices to visualize lysosomes. We found that lysosomes are positioned locally at dendritic spines and can be recruited do a dendritic spine in an activity-dependent manner. These findings provide evidence for activity-dependent control of a DUB, USP8, and an organelle, the lysosome, at synapses. We showed the dynamic regulation of USP8 is critical in maintaining synapses and scaling during homeostatic plasticity and that neuronal activity can signal to the lysosome to locally degrade membrane proteins. These studies suggest that localized degradation can play an active role in remodeling synapses to facilitate plastic events and help locally maintain cellular homeostasis.
Biodegradation of Synthetic Dyes of Textile Effluent by Microorganisms: An Environmentally and Economically Sustainable Approach

Due to its overall environmental impact, the residual dye in the wastewater from the synthetic dye manufacturing and textile industries is a global concern. The discharge contains a high content of pigments and other additives, possessing complex structures. As per the requirement for dyed clothing, dyestuff in the effluent is less susceptible to acids, bases, and oxygen. Thus, conventional physical and chemical methods are not always efficient in degrading the dyes. Some microorganisms growing in an area affected with textile effluent have the capability to utilize the dyes as a source of carbon or nitrogen or both. As a very clean, inexpensive, and sufficient alternative, bioremediation of textile wastewater using these microorganisms has gained major popularity. This review primarily centers the contribution of bacteria in this sector and the isolation of such bacteria from textile effluent. A secondary focus is discussing the factors which influence the performance by different bacteria.
Utilisation de biomarqueurs de plasmodium dans le cadre de la prévention du paludisme transfusionnel au Sud-Bénin

Le paludisme ou malaria est une maladie parasitaire due a un protozoaire. Il est transmis principalement a l'homme par la piqure de la femelle d'un moustique du groupe des anopheles. La transfusion sanguine represente la 3e voie potentielle de transmission de Plasmodium. L'incidence du paludisme a entraine une augmentation de la proportion des donneurs de sang ayant ete en contact avec le parasite. Le premier objectif de ce travail de these est d'analyser l'immune-reactivite de marqueurs biologiques de depistage de Plasmodium dans les poches de sang pour prevenir le paludisme transfusionnel et plus specifiquement, il s'agit de determiner par goutte epaisse (GE) et Enzyme Linked lmmunosorbent Assay {ELISA), la prevalence du paludisme asymptomatique chez les donneurs de sang au Sud du Benin. Le second objectif est de repertorier les marqueurs moleculaires les plus adequats pour la recherche d'antigene et d'anticorps de Plasmodium, utilisables en depistage de masse dans les centres de transfusion sanguine.
Tolerability and efficacy of modified FOLFIRINOX (mFOLFIRINOX) in patients with borderline-resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC) and locally advanced unresectable pancreatic cancer (LAURPC).

275 Background: FOLFIRINOX exhibits a meaningful improvement in outcome measures in metastatic pancreatic cancer, making it an interesting regimen for BRPC and LAURPC. However, its use remains prohibitive due to toxicity. In this study, we examine the outcomes of mFOLFIRINOX as a neoadjuvant strategy for patients with BRPC and LAURPC. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database of patients who received mFOLFIRINOX for BRPC or LAURPC at Ohio State University. mFOLFIRINOX is as follows: irinotecan at 165 mg/m2; oxaliplatin at 85 mg/m2; 5-fluorouracil (5FU) at 2,400 mg/m2 over 46 hours and pegfilgrastim on day 4 of each 2-week cycle. Cases were thoroughly reviewed by a multidisciplinary team prior to initiation of therapy and at each restaging scan. The primary outcomes of this analysis were resection rate and grade 3/4 (G3/4) toxicities. Results: Since 1/1/2011, 43 patients (20 BRPC; 23 LAURPC) have received mFOLFIRINOX. Patients received gemcitabine-based chemoradiation.
Phytochemical and in vitro antioxidant potential of aqueous leaf extracts of Brassica juncea and Coriandrum sativum

In the present study, Phytochemical and in vitro Antioxidant potential of aqueous leaf extracts of Brassica juncea and Coriandrum sativum leaves was determined qualitatively. The Phytochemical screening of plants studied showed the presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, tannin and reducing sugar in aqueous extract of Brassica juncea. Alkaloids and glycosides were absent in it. Aqueous extract of Coriandrum sativum showed the presence of tannins, terpenoids, reducing sugars, flavonoids, and glycosides and alkaloids were absent in aqueous extract of Coriandrum sativum. It had been found that among the aqueous extracts of Brassica juncea and Coriandrum sativum, the highest activity of Catalase was observed in aqueous extract of Brassica juncea than in aqueous extract of Coriandrum sativum. The peroxidase activity was observed to be low in aqueous extract of Brassica juncea. The value of ascorbate oxidase activity and Vitamin C content was high in aqueous extract of Coriandrum sativum.The main purpose of the study is to evaluate phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of used plants. INTRODUCTION: The medicinal value of plants lies in some chemical substances or group of compounds that produce a definite physiological action in the human body. These chemical substances are called secondary metabolites. The most important of these bioactive groups of plants are alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, tannins and phenolic compounds . Coriandrum sativum is an annual herb in the family Apiaceae. It has eleven components of essential oils, six types of acids, minerals and vitamins, each having a number of beneficial properties. It also contains antioxidants, which can delay or prevent the spoilage of food seasoned with this spice. A study found both the leaves and seed to contain antioxidants, but the leaves were found to have a stronger effect . Coriandrum sativum has been documented as a traditional treatment for diabetes. A study on mice found that Coriandrum sativum extract had both insulin-releasing and insulin-like activity . The Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) is an herbaceous, annual, of the family Brassicaceae. It is an herbal plant. There is the role of detoxification and swelling that can fight infection and prevention of diseases, inhibit the toxicity of bacterial toxins, and promote wound healing, can be used to aid in treatment of infectious diseases. Brassica juncea contains a lot of ascorbic acid, is a strong active of restore substances. Important in the redox process of the body, can increase the oxygen content in the brain to stimulate the brain of oxygen use, there are revive and refresh, the lifting of fatigue.
Bioaerosol field measurements: Challenges and perspectives in outdoor studies

Abstract Outdoor field measurements of bioaerosols are performed within a wide range of basic and applied scientific disciplines, each with its own goals, assumptions, and terminology. This article contains brief reviews of outdoor field bioaerosol research from these diverse interests, with emphasis on perspectives from the atmospheric sciences. The focus is on a high-level discussion of pressing scientific questions, grand challenges, and needs for cross-disciplinary collaboration. The research topics, in which bioaerosol field measurement is important, include (i) atmospheric physics, clouds, climate, and hydrological cycle; (ii) atmospheric chemistry; (iii) airborne allergen-containing particles; (iv) airborne human pathogens and national security; (v) airborne livestock and crop pathogens; and (vi) biogeography and biodiversity. We concisely review bioaerosol impacts and discuss properties that distinguish bioaerosols from abiological aerosols. We give extra focus to regions of specific interest, i.e., forests, polar regions, marine and coastal environments, deserts, urban and rural areas, and summarize key considerations related to bioaerosol measurements, such as of fluxes, of long-range transport, and of sampling from both stationary and vessel-driven platforms. Keeping in mind a series of key scientific questions posed within the diverse communities, we suggest that pressing scientific questions include the following: (i) emission sources and flux estimates; (ii) spatial distribution; (iii) changes in distribution; (iv) atmospheric aging; (v) metabolic activity; (vi) urbanization of allergies; (vii) transport of human pathogens; and (viii) climate-relevant properties.
Allelopathic activity of the Baltic picocyanobacterium Synechocystis sp.

Allelopathic compounds produced by picocyanobacteria could a ect the growth and development of biological systems. e main aim of this study was to investigate the in uence of unknown allelochemicals obtained from picocyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. BA-153 in monocultures and in mixed cultures. In this study, we demonstrated that Synechocystis sp. BA-153 caused allelopathic e ects against other strains of picocyanobacteria. It was found that Synechocystis sp. BA-121 was strongly inhibited by Synechocystis sp. BA-153 in both the mixed culture and cell-free ltrates. On the other hand, the addition of live picocyanobacterial culture of Synechocystis sp. BA-153 stimulated the growth of Synechocystis sp. BA-122. ese results showed the allelopathic activity of Synechocystis sp. BA-153, which can cause either the inhibition or stimulation of growth of selected picoplanktonic cyanobacteria.
Evaluating Optimum Conditions for Fatigue Life of NR-based Rubber Compounds Using the Taguchi Method

In the present work, four relevant factors, temperature, time, humidity, and storage condition (Oxygen-flow rate) were selected, and to monitor the extent of degradation, the effect of each factor was studied at three different levels on the ozone resistant and fatigue life time of rubber compounds. The optimal combination of physical parameters based on the Taguchi protocol and maximum fatigue life was obtained. Comparison between the confirmation run and prediction from optimal factor settings illustrate that the Taguchi parameter design is very practicable in optimizing the factors influencing aging of natural rubber based compounds. Taguchi method stresses the importance of studying response variation using the signal–to–noise (S/N) ratio, resulting in minimization of quality characteristic variations due to uncontrollable parameters. Therefore, S/N ratio and ANOVA were applied to investigate a set of parameters. The optimum conditions implicated for maximum ozone resistance and fatigue life of aged rubber compounds based on NR were time: one day; temperature: 25 ̊C; storage condition: air, and humidity: 65%.
Carriage rates, circulating serotypes and antibiotic resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae in healthy infants in Yei, South Sudan

Summary The carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae, serotypes, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and disease development are poorly understood in Yei. Availability of affordable antibiotics over the counter, lack of laboratory infrastructure and high rates of penicillin resistance have the potential to aggravate rates of childhood mortality associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae. There is an urgent need to strengthen microbiological and public health services.
Study the Effect of Silymarin and Vitamin C in Skin Aging Induced by UVB Rays on the Mice Skin Redox System

Background: Exposure of the skin against occupational hazards is growing every day. Many scientists are trying to identify aspects about the mechanisms of damages done to the skin by them. The skin is the second metabolism organ of the body where redox-dependent metabolic pathways overcome. By considering the UV index, Iranians are at high risk of UVB damage by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that leads to skin aging. Objective: In this study, we discuss the effects of the UVB rays on redox system; evaluate and compare the protective role of Silymarin and Vitamin C against UVB-induced skin aging. Method: Male Balb/C mice were divided into 6 groups of 6 mices: Silymarin, Vitamin C, Control, UVB exposed, UVB exposed treated with Silymarin and UVB exposed treated with Vitamin C. The inhibitory effect of Silymarin and Vitamin C for skin aging were determined by wrinkle formation, epidermal thickness and dermal inflammation. The anti-photo aging effects of Silymarin and Vitamin C have been assessed by SOD, GSH, GSH_PX and TAC kits. Results: The flake in UVB irradiated groups was significantly different (P<0.05). The mean length of the wrinkle in UVB irradiated group very significantly increased (P<0.01) and the collagen reduction, increased in very high significant different in aged control group (P<0.001). The mean TAC in VitaminC group increased very significantly high. (P <0.0001) Conclusion: The results indicate that the Silymarin and Vitamin C have anti-photo aging effects suggested to use in anti-wrinkle, anti erythematosus, anti-inflammatory topical cosmetics products.
An outbreak of Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in a rabbit farm

Klebsiella Pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen of domestic animals recovered from pneumonia and suppurative infections of foals; cervicitis and metritis in mare; mastitis in cow; wound infections, urinary tract infections, septicemia and pneumonia in dogs. Klebsiella Pneumoniae infection in rabbit is rare and usually associated with enteric form of infection. The present report describes an outbreak of Klebsiella Pneumoniae associated with respiratory form along with septicemia in a rabbit farm in Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu.