Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kamu Sağlık Harcamaları - İktisadi Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye Üzerine Bir İnceleme (1983-2019)

Saglik ve egitim harcamalari, beseri sermaye birikiminin temel ogeleri arasindadir. Ayrica bir toplumun saglik seviyesinin yukselmesi sonucu saglanan beseri sermaye birikimi, sosyal ve ekonomik kalkinmanin onemli belirleyicilerinden birisidir. Bu calismada, beseri sermaye birikimi yoluyla iktisadi buyumeye pozitif katki yaptigi kabul edilen kamu kesimi saglik harcamalarinin Turkiye'de 1983-2019 donemindeki gelisimi uzerinde durulmustur. Bu baglamda, iktisadi buyume orani (BUY) ile kamu kesimi saglik harcamalarinin Gayri Safi Yurtici Hâsila (GSYIH) icindeki payinin (KSHBP) degiskenler olarak kullanildigi esbutunlesme, FMOLS, DOLS ve Granger Nedensellik analizlerine yer verilmistir. Calismada, Turkiye’de 1983-2019 doneminde kamu kesimi saglik harcamalarinin butcedeki payi (KSHBP) ile iktisadi buyume orani arasinda esbutunlesme iliskisinin bulundugu gorulmustur. Ayrica, KSHBP’de bir birimlik degisimin FMOLS analizine gore iktisadi buyume oraninda 0,10 birim artisa, DOLS analizine gore 0,12 birim artisa yol actigi sonucuna ulasilmistir. Yine, bu donem itibariyla Turkiye orneginde, bu iki degisken arasinda cift yonlu Granger nedensellik iliskisinin bulundugu sonucu elde edilmistir.
A study of mixtures of nanometer sized Fe and Cu crystallites by anomalous small angle X-ray scattering (ASAXS)

Mixtures of Fe crystallites and Cu crystallites with diameters of about 6 —14nm, have been prepared by inert gas condensation and subsequent compaction of the crystallites. Small angle X-ray scattering experiments using synchrotron radiation have been carried out to study the microstructure of the compacts on a nanometer scale. By variation of the atomic scattering factors near the Κ absorption edge of Fe, partial intensities have been obtained which provide separate information about the environment of the Fe or the Cu atoms, respectively. The partial intensities are interpreted in terms of scattering contributions of particles with different sizes. The resulting size distribution functions not only indicate the presence of Fe and Cu crystallites but also give evidence for correlations between the crystallites. These correlations between Fe and Cu crystals are interpreted in terms of a mixture of the chemically different crystallites on a nanometer scale.
Design and Performance of a 200 kHz GaN Motor Inverter with Sine Wave Filter

Gallium Nitride (GaN) semiconductor devices are promised to be a good alternative to Silicon (Si) semiconductors in future motor inverters for variable frequency drives (VFDs). They combine low on state resistance and low switching losses with a high blocking voltage capability. Compared to actual inverters based on insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) the pulse width modulation (PWM) frequency for efficient operation can be increased by a factor of 5 to 10, extending the PWM frequency range up to 500 kHz. This allows the use of motor filters with small component size. As a result, high motor efficiency, low torque ripple, high control bandwidth and nearly ideal sinusoidal output voltages are achieved. Therefore this inverters can be used for high speed spindle motors and dynamic servo drives. This paper focus on the design of a hybrid sine wave filter consisting of an analog and a digital part. The filter is optimized to achieve low power loss and high current control bandwidth. A 3-phase GaN motor inverter operating at 200 kHz PWM frequency at 400 V DC-link voltage verifies the system design.
Influence of Anodization Time and Voltage on the Parameters of TiO2 Nanotubes

A vertically aligned titania nanotube layer was obtained by electrochemical anodic oxidation in the electrolyte contained 0.4 wt% solution of NH4F in 54 ml of ethylene glycol and 5 ml of deionized water, after titanium was chemically cleaned/etched with a mixture of HCl, H2O and HNO3 solution for removing the natural oxide films. The morphology and composition of the titania nanotube layer were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The anodization of TiO2 nanotubes was done using 60 V for 240 min and 30 min, and 30 V for 30 min. The diameter of the titania nanotubes was about 52-156 nm, the wall thickness about 32-53 nm and the height about 0.9-6.3 μm. The pore size of TiO2 nanotubes influences the dissolution rate of CaP thin films and Young's modulus, which is significantly lower than that of the Ti substrate. Our future challenge will be investigation of the microstructure and mechanical behavior of titania nanotubes with CaP film.
Design of Solid Dispersion Particles of Drug with Fine Porous Carriers

Solid dispersion particles were prepared with indomethacin and fine porous carriers having different pore sizes (Sylysia350, Sylysia740) by use of spray-drying technique. The particles were in the size range of 3-6μm, which is equal to that of the original carrier particles. The indomethacin in solid dispersions was in amorphous state regardless of the type of silica. Specific surface area measurement and DSC analysis of the solid dispersion particles suggested that the difference in pore size of these carrier particles leads to the different drug dispersion of the resultant solid dispersion particles. The drug dissolution properties of solid dispersions were improved compared with crystalline indometacin of γ-form. Solubility of drug formulated into solid dispersions was higher than that of crystalline indomethacin, indicating that the amorphous indomethacin kept its higher energy state in the porous carriers.
Improving Stability and Sizing Performance of Alkenylsuccinic Anhydride (ASA) Emulsion by Using Melamine-Modified Laponite Particles as Emulsion Stabilizer

Alkenylsuccinic anhydride (ASA) is commonly applied as oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions in the papermaking industry. Herein Laponite mineral nanoparticles were employed as a stabilizer of the ASA emulsions after being modified with melamine just before emulsion preparation. The emulsion was prepared by homogenizing the mixture of ASA and melamine-modified Laponite aqueous dispersion. The modification of melamine on the Laponite was characterized by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, whereas the impacts of the modification on the morphology, wettability and ζ-potential of the Laponite, as well as the interfacial tension between ASA and Laponite aqueous dispersion, were also analyzed. It is found that the adsorption of melamine on Laponite particles neither causes the aggregation nor significantly changes the charge properties of the Laponite particles. However, the adsorption of melamine can significantly increase the wettability of Laponite by the ASA liquid, and adequately lower the apparent interf.
Estratégias baseadas na partição da unidade para simulação do comportamento de meios parcialmente frágeis

Os Metodos sem Malha tem sido usados como alternativas ao Metodo dos Elementos Finitos devido a sua flexibilidade na construcao de aproximacoes conformes. Outra caracteristica atrativa destes metodos e sua capacidade de obtencao de aproximacoes com alta regularidade. Tais caracteristicas podem ser empregadas com sucesso na obtencao das variaveis de estado baseadas nas derivadas da solucao do problema e responsaveis por representar o comportamento nao linear de meios parcialmente frageis. Por outro lado, fatores como falta da propriedade do delta de Kronecker, funcoes de forma nao polinomiais e problemas na integracao numerica representam desvantagens que aumentam o custo computacional da analise. Na analise nao linear, o tempo de processamento se torna um importante fator a ser considerado. Com o objetivo de conciliar a eficiencia do Metodo dos Elementos Finitos com a flexibilidade dos Metodos sem Malha, tecnicas de acoplamento dos dois metodos foram propostas, especialmente nos casos nos quais o fenomeno nao linear e confinado a uma parte pequena da estrutura. Neste trabalho, e proposta uma nova estrategia baseada na abordagem global-local do Metodo dos Elementos Finitos Generalizados para simular a propagacao de dano em meios parcialmente frageis. O dominio global da estrutura e representado por uma malha grosseira de elementos finitos. A regiao onde ocorre a propagacao de dano define o dominio local, representado por um conjunto de nos do Metodo sem Malha Element Free Galerkin (EFG). A discretizacao local e responsavel por prover funcoes numericamente obtidas para enriquecimento da solucao aproximada do problema global. Exemplos numericos bidimensionais sao apresentados com o objetivo de discutir como Metodos sem Malha podem descrever de forma eficiente a propagacao de dano, enquanto o comportamento global da estrutura e representado por uma solucao do metodo dos elementos finitos enriquecida.
Biochar as a Renewable Matrix for the Development of Encapsulated and Immobilized Novel Added-Value Bioproducts

The use of biochar has traditionally been focused on agronomic applications. Today it is possible to find a wide range of research devoted to study the use of biochar in the most varied fields. This is mainly due to its properties and the diversity of materials that can be used in their synthesis. Also, the conditions of operation in the process of synthesis (pyrolysis) can be easily modified to obtain a product with the desired features for a given application. Consequently, this review examines the biochar properties that are relevant to its applicability in three areas of high industrial interest; control release and immobilization, where it could serve as alternative, cheap and renewable support material to existing conventional types.
Development and evaluation of a Polish Automatic Speech Recognition system using the TLK toolkit

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) is a branch of pattern recognition that has currently gained popularity due to technological and structural advances in this field. This work presents the process of making a Polish automatic speech recognition system based on current state-of-the-art techniques. To this end, the TLK toolkit is used, as well as other relevant tools. The datasets used to train the final models are examined and described. Moreover, the process of creating the models from scratch is described. To conclude, the performance of the final system is compared with respect to several systems evaluated in the context of the PolEval 2019 challenge.
Implementation of competence by design in Canadian neurosurgery residency programs*

Abstract Objective The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC) recently redesigned the Canadian neurosurgery residency training curriculum by implementing a competency-based model of training known as Competence by Design (CBD) centered around the assessment of Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs). This sequential explanatory mixed-methods study evaluated potential benefits and pitfalls of CBD in Canadian neurosurgery residency education. Methods Two four-month interval surveys were distributed to all Canadian neurosurgery residents participating in CBD. The surveys assessed important educational components: CBD knowledge of key stakeholders, potential system barriers, and educational/psychological impacts on residents. Paired t-tests were done to assess changes over time. Based on longitudinal survey responses, semi-structured interviews were conducted to investigate in-depth residents’ experience with CBD in neurosurgery. The qualitative analysis followed an explanatory approach, and a thematic analysis was performed. Results Surveys had 82% average response rate (n = 25). Over time, most residents self-reported that they retrospectively understood concepts around CBD intentions (p = 0.02). Perceived benefits included faculty evaluations with more feedback that was clearer and more objective (53% and 51%). Pitfalls included the amount of time needed to navigate through EPAs (90%) and residents forgetting to initiate EPA forms (71%). There was no significant change over time. During interviews, five key themes were found. Potential solutions identified by residents to enhance their experience included learning analytics data availability, mobile app refinement, and dedicated time to integrate EPAs in the workflow. Conclusion This study was the first to assess resident-perceived benefits and pitfalls of the neurosurgery CBD training program in an educational framework context. In general, residents believed that theoretical principles behind CBD were valuable, but that technological ability and having enough time to request EPA assessments were significant barriers to success. Long-term studies are required to determine the definitive outcomes of CBD on residents’ performance and ultimately, on patient care.
Modified titanium oxide (TiO2) nanocomposites and its array of applications: a review

Titania (TiO2) has been the focus of attention of researchers since the first demonstration of its capability to generate the photocatalytic splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen. However, there seems to be a recent surge in the research activity, involving modified TiO2 nanoparticles (NP), which are considered to be more effective due to different physicochemical properties in comparison to unmodified fine particle analogs. Several strategies have been employed to modify TiO2 to reduce recombination rates of photogenerated charge carriers to enhance the optimal functioning of TiO2. Doping with cations and anions and coupling it with another semiconductor are the most well-known modification methods used. Titania nanocomposites are known to have a plethora of applications. Photoexcitation of these particles are seen to be extraordinarily effective in eliciting microbial death which makes it an attractive candidate for the manufacturing of antimicrobial coatings. On the other hand, TiO2 induces the oxidation of various organic refractory compounds like tetracycline, sulfamethazine, and bisphenol. The photo-electrocatalytic oxidation technique which amalgamates the principle of photocatalysis and electrolysis serves as a newer, unswerving, and cost effective water treatment process. In the biomedical arena, use is now acknowledged for the photodynamic therapy of cancer, cell imaging, biological sensors, drug delivery system, and as endonucleases. In the commercial front, it is utilized in creams owing to its small particle size, which facilitates absorption through skin. It is also employed as ultraviolet blocking agents in sunscreen and commonly encountered as a brilliant white pigment in paint due to its brightness, high refractive index and resistance to discoloration. Its use in solar cells has also been reported. This review aims to encompass the new progress of modified TiO2 nanocomposites for efficient applications, emphasizing the future trends of TiO2 in arenas like healthcare, environment, biomedical, food, personal care, and pharmacy and also highlights the commercial implications of this promising nanomaterial.
Studies on the Secondary Metabolite of the Soft Coral Lobophytum sp. (II)

(2S,3R,4E,8E)-1-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-hydroxy-2[((R)-2-hydroxyeicosanoyl) ammo] -9-methyl-4, 8-octadecadiene, a new glucosphingolipids, together with two known compounds (24S) -ergost-5-en-3β, 7α-diol and Δ4,5(E) , Δ8,9(E) -sphingol-n-hexanecamide, were isolated from the soft coral Lobophytum sp. collected from the South China Sea. Their chemical structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods.
Alveolar Ridge Split Technique with Immediate Implant Placement: a Case Report

Background: The bone split procedure is a technique used to increase the width of narrow ridge for possible simultaneous implant placement. Objective: In this report, we will describe a case of horizontal ridge augmentation using ARST and simultaneous implant placement in left mandibular molar region. Results: In this report, we describe a ridge split technique and immediate implant placement for a 56-year-old posterior left mandible edentulous patient referred to us for implant treatment. Conclusion: A successful prosthetic rehabilitation was obtained following the healing phase. This approach leads to restoration of function with a predictable outcome.
GASEOUS EMISSIONS FROM THE BIOLOGICAL VIA NITRITE NITROGENREMOVAL PROCESS TREATING ANAEROBICALLY CO-DIGESTED EFFLUENTS

In this work the gaseous emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) methane (CH4), ammonia (NH3) and methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) produced from the nitritation/denitritation biological nutrient removal (BNR) process were determined in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The SBR treated the anaerobic supernatant produced from the anaerobic co-digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and waste activated sludge (WAS). Two experimental periods were carried out: period 1 in which a volumetric nitrogen loading rate (vNLR) of 0.81 kgN/m3d was applied, using acetic acid as carbon source and period 2 with vNLR=1.09 kgN/m3d using fermentation liquid produced from biowaste as carbon source. N2O emissions were 0.24% and 1.38% of the influent nitrogen load in periods 1 and 2 respectively. The higher dissolved oxygen (DO= 1.5 mg/L) concentration as well as the lower accumulation of nitrite resulted in significantly lower N2O emissions in period 1 compared to 2. NH3 emissions were very low (<1% of influent nitrogen load), while some methane (5.3% of influent load as COD) was emitted during period 2, as the lower DO (0.95 mg/L) concentration probably created micro-anaerobic conditions within the sludge flocs; this was also favoured by the use of fermentation liquid as a carbon source.
Study of the copper (II) removal from aqueous solutions by chelating resin Purolite S930.

This work examines the influence of experimental conditions on the copper (II) ions removal from aqueous solutions using chelating ion exchange resin Purolite S930. The influence of solution pH, initial metal concentration, contact time, temperature, ionic form of the resin and resin dose was studied in batch experiments. The percent of Cu (II) removal has a maximum at pH 5.0 (buffered solutions), and increases with the increasing of resin dose, of the contact time and of temperature and decreases with increasing initial concentration of solution.
A Comparison of Facial Emotion Recognition in Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Non-epileptics

Abstract Introduction: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is related to the mesial temporal lobe structures such as the hippocampus, amygdala, and Parahippocampal gyrus. In patients with TLE, the amygdala complex is a component of the temporal lobe that is damaged. Previous studies on emotional processing have proven deficits due to amygdala damage in these patients. The present study compares the facial emotion recognition in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and healthy controls. It was hypothesized that the TLE group have more dysfunctions than non- people with epilepsy. Methods: In this comparative study, 120 subjects, including 60 patients with a definite diagnosis of the temporal lobe and 60 non-epileptic individuals, were recruited using purposive sampling. The patient group was chosen from the Chamran hospital and Iranian Epilepsy Association, Tehran, Iran. The research data were collected by the Ekman computer test of facial emotion recognition. This test uses 36 images to measure the six basic emotions (i.e., happiness, disgust, anger, fear, sadness, and surprise); these images were adapted from the Ekman and Friesen series of images. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance by SPSS Statistics 19-IBM in two levels of response accuracy and reaction time in TLE patients and healthy individuals. Results: Data analysis showed a significant difference in the response accuracy of facial expressions of happiness, disgust, anger, fear, sadness, and surprise in patients with TLE (P < 0.01). Furthermore, recognizing emotions of fear, disgust, and anger in patients with TLE was more inadequate. When it came to the reaction time of emotion recognition, the TLE patients showed a higher functional impairment than the healthy group (P < 0.01). The reactions to fear and disgust were notably slower than other emotions. Conclusions: The results showed more inaccurate facial emotion recognition of fear, disgust, and anger inferred from facial expressions. Moreover, the reaction time response of facial emotion recognition for all six emotions was slower, compared to non-epileptics. Assessing the emotional recognition dysfunction through this measurement can facilitate recognizing the emotional deficiency regarding social communication in TLE patients. Psychological dysfunction can be a predictor of not a good response to the treatment, more frequency of seizures, and worse quality of life in these patients.
LC-MS/MS DETERMINATION OF ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY OF AKEBIA SAPONIN D IN RAT

A LC-MS/MS method was used to determine oral bioavailability of akebia saponin D in rat.SD rats were randomly divided into two groups.Dose of 100mg·kg-1 akebia saponin D was given by stomach tube or by caudal vein injection.Blood samples were collected at different time intervals after administration through orbit vein.Plasma drug concentration was detected by LC-MS/MS,oral bioavailability was then calculated. The LC-MS/MS assay calibration curve was linear over the range of 10~1 000ng·mL-1.Intra-and inter-day variations were both less than 15%. Relative deviation was from-2.8%~4.6%. Recoveries of akebia saponin D were from 95.3%~108.1%. AUC0-INF in injection group and oral group were(231 725.98±46 527.21)and(383.63±54.62)ng·h·mL-1 respectively.Absolute bioavailability for intragastric administration was 0.13%. Bioavailability of akebia saponin D by intragastric administration was very low.
Systematic Framework for Sustainability Assessment of Biodiesel Production: Preliminary Engineering Stage

The continued increase of global energy demand, depletion of fossil fuel, and deteriorated environmental conditions have triggered the need to search for potential sources of renewable energy. Biodiesel has been widely recognized to have promising potential. Nonetheless, it is critical to ensure the sustainability of biodiesel production to protect humans and conserve the environment, while achieving economic viability. From the sustainability point of view, it would be more effective to promote the sustainability feature in a process during the design stage rather than at the latter operational stage due to reduced engineering effort and cost. In this paper, a systematic framework for sustainability assessment of biodiesel production pathways during preliminary engineering stage is developed. In preliminary engineering stage, the major process modules (unit operations) with their main process streams are conceptualized in a process flow diagram (PFD). With the PFD, the data on mass and energy balance als.
Histology and Histopathology lmmunohistochemical demonstration of secretory IgA in human urothelium

The mucosal surface of the human urothelium represents a very large exposure area to exogeoous agents, including potentially harmful microorganisms. Male human urothelium was treated for the immunohistochemical demonstration of secretory IgA (sIgA) in order to verify its own possible antimicrobial properties. An intense immunoreactivity for sIgA was observed in the apical cells of the urethral and vesical epithelia. The ureteric epithelium, at the lumina1 surface, showed discontinuous areas of less dense or completely absent reaction product. A less intense immunoreactivity was observed in the pelvic apical epithelial cells. The results suggest that sIgA play a prominent role in the local defence mechanisms of the lower urinary tract against ascending infectqns, whereas in the upper urinary tract the immuno-specific local defences seem reduced.