Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tratamiento por digestión anaerobia de los efluentes del procesado industrial de tunidos

En el presente trabajo se caracterizan los efluentes generados en una industria de procesado de atun. Se observa que existen diversas corrientes con caracteristicas (carga organica, caudal, pH, etc.) muy diferentes y que, debido al proceso productivo, resulta relativamente sencillo el proceder a su segregacion. De entre estas corrientes se seleccionan aquellos efluentes con mayor carga organica, con el objeto de estudiar su tratamiento mediante un proceso de digestion anaerobia. Los estudios se llevaron a cabo tanto a escala de laboratorio (1l) como de piloto industrial (15 m3) en reactores de pelicula fija (DSFFR). Este tipo de reactor permitio unicamente trabajar en forma estable a bajas velocidades de carga organica. Simultaneamente se estudia la aplicacion de un equipo tipo filtro anaerobio (AF) a escala de laboratorio, observandose que se logra un proceso de puesta en marcha mas rapido y una operacion mucho mas eficaz (mayores velocidades de carga organica con porcentajes elevados de depuracion). Se comprueba que, en todos los equipos, las condiciones de operacion relacionadas consiguen reducir al minimo la aparicion de volumenes huecos. La adicion de un co-sustrato (lactosa) ha demostrado resultar de interes en particular en la fase de puesta en marcha. Las observaciones microscopicas de la poblacion metanogenica realizadas a lo largo del estudio en todos los reactores y una vez desmontados del reactor con soporte orientado instalado en el laboratorio, en los diferentes soportes, revelaron la existencia de una poblacion muy variada. La presencia de bacteria con morfologia similar al Methanogenium, concuerda con el origen marino del medio de los digestores.
A Comparative Study of Post-Operative Analgesic Efficacy of Fentanyl, Butorphanol, Pethidine by Intranasal Route

1 Sr. Professor, 2 Resident Doctor, 3 Medical Student, 4 Sr. Resident Dept of Anaesthesiology, Sardar Patel Medical College, & A.G. of P.B. M Hospital, Bikaner Abstract Background: Pain is main post operative adverse outcome causing patient distress, prolonging hospital stay, and increasing the incidence of admissions after surgery. Study was done to assess and compare the post-operative analgesic efficacy offentanyl, butorphanol, pethidine by intranasal route. Methods: This study was conducted in the department of Anaesthesiology, Sardar Patel medical college and associated group of Hospitals Bikaner after taking permission from institutional research board. All eligible patients divided into 3 different groups: Fentanyl, Butorphanol & Pethidine administered intra-nasally for post-operative pain management. Results: Onset of analgesia was less in group I (fentanyl) 7.6±1.16 than group II (butorphanol) 10.23 ± 1.52 and group III (pethidine) 13.23 ± 2.06. Duration of analgesia was more in group II (butorphanol) 280 ± 36.17 than group I (fentanyl) 188 ± 28.06 and group III (pethidine) 187 ± 28.33 and rescue analgesia used in group II (butorphannol) is less than other groups. Adverse effect like nausea, vomiting and bitter taste in group II (butorphanol) is less than other groups. Conclusion: Intranasal instillation of butorphanol can certainly by recommended as a routine technique to improve postoperative analgesia.
Dynamics of a bound membrane.

The dispersion relation for the overdamped bending modes of a membrane bound to a substrate by an attractive potential is determined. The damping rate γ as a function of the wave vector q behaves, for small q, like γ∼q2 arising from the interplay between the hydrodynamic damping by the surrounding liquid and the restoring force in the binding potential. With increasing wave vector q, various crossovers can occur, leading to the possibility of nonmonotonic damping where γ decreases with q as ∼1/q.
Merits and Problems in High-Threshold Methadone Maintenance Treatment

Background: Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) in Norway emphasizes rehabilitation and control with strict intake criteria and rules for involuntary termination. Consequently, the programme should be characterized as high threshold and restrictive, which is somewhat out of tune with the general European trend towards harm reduction and diversity. Methods: The programme has undergone an extensive evaluation with quantitative and qualitative methods. Findings: MMT is at present integrated into the general health and social security system. The restrictive traits have not prevented rapid development in the capacity and coverage. Results on retention and drug use are above average for MMT programmes, but results on vocational rehabilitation are not impressive. The system is costly and some inherent structural problems cause concern. Conclusion: On this basis, central authorities have decided to keep the core structure of the programme, but to implement several changes. Medical diagnosis and evaluation should replace formal regulating criteria.
Professional Development Research Literature From 1996 to 2006: An Integrative Review

An integrative review of the professional development research literature, spanning the years 1996 to 2006, was conducted by the National Nurses in Staff Development Organization Research Committee at the request of the organization's Board of Directors. Rigorous research criteria were used to evaluate 949 publications. Results determined that 8 studies met the research criteria. Outcomes are reported and recommendations are suggested for advancement of research in the field.
Recognition of Z-RNA and Z-DNA determinants by polyamines in solution: experimental and theoretical studies.

Protonated polyamines are among the most efficient cations that induce the left-handed Z-form in certain polynucleotides. It is not known, however, whether these cations bind to specific sites on Z-sequences in solution. We have studied potential polyamine binding sites by measuring the effects of polyamines on the binding of purified immunoglobulins (IgGs) to different regions of the Z-helix and by molecular mechanics modeling. The specific binding of anti-Z-DNA and anti-Z-RNA IgGs to Z-helices was studied as a function of spermidine or spermine concentration. The effect of polyamines on the antibody-nucleic acid interaction was different for IgGs with different specificities for various determinants on the Z-helix. Polyamines inhibit the binding of certain anti-Z IgGs directed against specific sites probably at or near the interface between the major convex surface and the phosphate backbone, most likely by competing with the antibody binding site(s). In contrast, polyamines have no effect on other anti-Z IgGs directed against sites determined by the phosphate backbone. Furthermore, these cations can enhance the binding of anti-Z IgG directed against bulky groups at the C-5 position on the major convex surface of the helix; the enhancement may be related to charge neutralization. Under these conditions, no direct binding of antibodies with polyamines was observed. These data suggest the existence of a specific binding site(s) for polyamines on both Z-DNA and Z-RNA in solution. These binding sites have some similarity to those observed in oligonucleotide crystals by Quigley (in "Molecular Structure and Biological Activity," J.F. Griffin and W.L. Duax, eds., Elsevier, Amsterdam (1982), pp. 317-331). The experimental evidence for specific spermine binding sites on the helical surface was supported by molecular mechanics modeling of the interaction of spermine with the major groove of (dG-dC)5. (dG-dC)5 in both the Z- and B-forms. The crystal coordinates of spermine-containing oligonucleotides in both the B- and Z-forms were used as the starting points for modeling studies. The potential energy of spermine bound to the major convex surface of the Z-form was much less favorable than that of spermine bound to the major groove of the B-form. In the presence of sodium ions, however, the Z-form-spermine complexes were favored over the B-form. Thus, both theoretical and experimental studies indicate that polyamines can specifically recognize Z-helical determinants in solution as well as in crystals.
Treatment of multiple sclerosis during pregnancy – safety considerations

ABSTRACT Introduction: Women with multiple sclerosis (MS) are treated early in the disease course with disease modifying therapies (DMT). Updated information is needed on pregnancy outcomes of DMT-exposed pregnancies and the effect of the drug withdrawal on MS disease activity. Areas covered: In this review, we will cover the most important updated management strategies in planning a pregnancy when having MS. Expert opinion: MS itself does not increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and does not negatively influence the long-term course of the disease. As MS became a treatable disease, management of DMTs before, during and after pregnancy is important. This requires updated knowledge on safety of DMTs as well as data of the effect on disease activity after drug withdrawal. A special challenge is the handling of women with highly active MS, as pregnancy might not be powerful enough to suppress the risk of rebound relapses. Exclusive breastfeeding is an option for many women who want to do so, but in cases of high disease activity and those women who do not want to breastfeed, early reintroduction of MS therapies should be considered.
Drosophila Rel proteins are central regulators of a robust, multi-organ immune network

Survival of all animals depends on effective protection against infection. In Drosophila, opportunistic infection kills larvae if they lack the Rel/NF-κB proteins Dorsal and Dif. We have used tissue-specific expression of Dif and Dorsal to reveal that these Rel proteins act in three different tissues to defend larvae from infection. Dif and Dorsal act in circulating blood cells, where they are required autonomously to promote blood-cell survival and phagocytosis of microorganisms. We show that a major transcriptional target of Dorsal and Dif in blood cells is Drosophila IAP1, a gene protecting these cells from death. We find that in addition to their autonomous role in blood-cell survival, Dif and Dorsal also act in the fat body to produce factors that promote blood-cell viability. These Rel proteins act in the epidermis to prevent infection by maintaining a barrier to microbial entry. Dorsal or Dif in any one of the three tissues is sufficient to defend the animal from opportunistic infection. Thus Drosophila has a multi-pronged system of defense and each branch of this network requires Rel proteins. Based on similarities between Drosophila and mammals, we propose that a Rel-dependent network is an ancient and robust framework of animal immune systems.
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER DRIVERS AND BARRIERS: CASE OF DISCRETE MANUFACTURING COMPANY

The research focuses on university-industry technology transfer, which is becoming increasingly important. The research analyses factors affecting the certain case of university-industry cooperation. The factors are tested by adapting the Kano methodology, often used for determining consumer needs and quality assurance purposes. The research results show that although in most cases the respondents' opinion on the importance of certain factors is not homogenous; nonetheless it indicates that the greatest importance should be paid to the factor defining the students' abilities to absorb the skills. In the meantime, the accuracy of the stated outcomes can be considered as the most successful factor in this case. The research results may not be generalized due to the limitations in the tested aspects as well as the fact that it analyses a certain case study, but it can be used for complementary purposes in the context with other case studies.
Advances in the management of constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: the role of linaclotide

Constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C) is a commonly prevalent and clinically challenging disorder to treat. Until recently, most therapeutic agents had limited ability to address the complexity of symptoms inherent to the syndrome. The development of linaclotide provides a physiologically sound approach to treatment of the multiple symptoms of IBS-C. Clinical trials demonstrate the efficacy of linaclotide, and a platform to better understand the symptomatology of IBS-C. Based on recent clinical evidence, linaclotide should be considered for patients with IBS-C because it improves abdominal pain and bowel symptoms. In phase III trials, linaclotide met the US Food and Drug Administration responder endpoint with a number needed to treat (NNT) of 5.1–7.9, and European Medicines Agency coprimary endpoints at 12 weeks with a NNT of 4.39–7.69, and at 26 weeks with a NNT of 4.93–5.68. It is safe and effective, with diarrhea reported as the most common adverse effect, which leads to discontinuation of the medication in approximately 5% of patients.
Simplify Your Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy

The standard covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES) comprises two evolution paths, one for the learning of the mutation strength and one for the rank-1 update of the covariance matrix. In this paper, it is shown that one can approximately transform this algorithm in such a manner that one of the evolution paths and the covariance matrix itself disappear. That is, the covariance update and the covariance matrix square root operations are no longer needed in this novel so-called matrix adaptation (MA) ES. The MA-ES performs nearly as well as the original CMA-ES. This is shown by empirical investigations considering the evolution dynamics and the empirical expected runtime on a set of standard test functions. Furthermore, it is shown that the MA-ES can be used as a search engine in a bi-population (BiPop) ES. The resulting BiPop-MA-ES is benchmarked using the BBOB comparing continuous optimizers (COCO) framework and compared with the performance of the CMA-ES-v3.61 production code. It is shown that this new BiPop-MA-ES—while algorithmically simpler—performs nearly equally well as the CMA-ES-v3.61 code.
Managing the Enterprise Business Intelligence App Store: Sentiment Analysis Supported Requirements Engineering

This paper posits that an app store delivery model for enterprise business intelligence is inevitable due to compelling business and technology drivers. A model of how employees will adopt BI apps is advanced based on theoretical foundations and recent thinking regarding how IT artifacts are becoming perceived of as "social actors within one's network. " The theory cited asserts that individual's resource management instincts impact sentiment. Repeated app usage is clarified as ongoing appropriation. Actual app store review data is used to test the proposition that sentiment analysis can aid in addressing current practice bottlenecks in requirements engineering. A sentiment analysis tool suite is applied to over 5000 reviews of productivity apps as a proof of concept. Findings support that sentiment analysis can address current bottlenecks to requirements engineering, but that certain types of reviews tend to elude algorithmic analysis. Future needs for sentiment analysis algorithms in the space are suggested.
An integrative review of dignity in end-of-life care

Background: Dying with dignity is regarded as a goal of quality end-of-life care. However, the meaning of dying with dignity is ambiguous, and no comprehensive synthesis of the existing literature has been published. Aim: To synthesize the meaning of dying with dignity and to identify common aspects of dignity in end-of-life care. Design: This is an integrative review article. Methodological strategies specific to the integrative review method proposed by Whittemore and Knafl were followed to conduct data analysis. The matrix method was used to summarize characteristics of included articles. Data sources: Five electronic databases were searched in October 2012, with no date restriction: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Academic Search Premier, and Social Sciences Abstracts. Theoretical reports, and both qualitative and quantitative empirical reports, focused on dignity in end-of-life care were included. Results: Themes of dying with dignity are as follows: a human right, autonomy and independence, relieved symptom distress, respect, being human and being self, meaningful relationships, dignified treatment and care, existential satisfaction, privacy, and calm environment. Factors influencing dignity include demographic, illness-related, and treatment-/care-related factors, as well as communication. Models of dignity in end-of-life care and instruments to measure dignity were reported. Interventions to support dignity stressed physical, psychological, and spiritual supports not only to dying patients but also to family members. Conclusion: This review clarified the meaning of dying with dignity and synthesized common aspects of dignity in end-of-life care. Further research is needed to evaluate the meaning of dying with dignity across cultures and to explore individualized dignity-based care.
Extending Acyclicity Notions for Existential Rules

Existential rules have been proposed for representing ontological knowledge, specifically in the context of Ontology-Based Query Answering. Entailment with existential rules is undecidable. We focus in this paper on conditions that ensure the termination of a breadth-first forward chaining algorithm known as the chase. First, we propose a new tool that allows to extend existing acyclicity conditions ensuring chase termination, while keeping good complexity properties. Second, we consider the extension to existential rules with nonmonotonic negation under stable model semantics and further extend acyclicity results obtained in the positive case.
Proteomic analysis of a highly active photosystem II preparation from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 reveals the presence of novel polypeptides.

A highly active oxygen-evolving photosystem II (PSII) complex was purified from the HT-3 strain of the widely used cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, in which the CP47 polypeptide has been genetically engineered to contain a polyhistidine tag at its carboxyl terminus [Bricker, T. M. , Morvant, J., Masri, N. , Sutton, H. M. , and Frankel, L. K. (1998) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1409, 50-57]. These purified PSII centers had four manganese atoms, one calcium atom, and two cytochrome b(559) hemes each. Optical absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy as well as western immunoblot analysis demonstrated that the purified PSII preparation was devoid of any contamination with photosystem I and phycobiliproteins. A comprehensive proteomic analysis using a system designed to enhance resolution of low-molecular-weight polypeptides, followed by MALDI mass spectrometry and N-terminal amino acid sequencing, identified 31 distinct polypeptides in this PSII preparation. We propose a new nomenclature for the polypeptide components of PSII identified after PsbZ, which proceeds sequentially from Psb27. During this study, the polypeptides PsbJ, PsbM, PsbX, PsbY, PsbZ, Psb27, and Psb28 proteins were detected for the first time in a purified PSII complex from Synechocystis 6803. Five novel polypeptides were also identified in this preparation. They included the Sll1638 protein, which shares significant sequence similarity to PsbQ, a peripheral protein of PSII that was previously thought to be present only in chloroplasts. This work describes newly identified proteins in a highly purified cyanobacterial PSII preparation that is being widely used to investigate the structure, function, and biogenesis of this photosystem.
Inequality of BMI dynamics: A socioeconomic and gender perspective

The aim is to understand causal effects of gender, socio-economic status, and ageing on body mass index (BMI) of individuals in three industrialized countries which are characterized by different BMI distributions. Data comes from three large population representative panel surveys in the USA, Switzerland, and Germany including about 65 000 individuals and 254'000 measurements. Individuals report up to eleven times, measured annually (Switzerland) or bi-annually (USA and Germany). We use fixed effects models to interprete causal effects and random effects models to estimate coefficients of time invariant covariates. We find that not working increases BMI in the US and Germany, in women, and in lower educated individuals. A higher income increases BMI in men and in the US. Ageing is the driving force in all countries, in particular in Germany. Women increase their BMI faster than men, and the lower educated faster than those with a higher education. We conclude that the generally more deprived individuals (women, not working, lower educated, people from less affluent countries) suffer from a comparatively stronger BMI increase over their lifetime.
The Application of Toxicokinetic Data to Dosage Selection in Toxicology Studies

Appropriate dosage selection is a key element in the design of toxicology studies and, hence, is the first step in the process of evaluating the safety of a new chemical or pharmaceutical agent. This demands careful consideration of exposure to the drug or chemical under investigation in relation to the pharmacological or toxicological effects it evokes in an experimental animal. Toxicokinetic data provide this perspective, but they should not be considered exclusively of other data which reflect the specific activity, potency, or metabolism of the drug or chemical in each individual test species. It is equally inappropriate to base dosage selection in toxicology studies exclusively on functional or morphological endpoints that cause effects outside the range which can be accommodated by homeostatic mechanisms and repair processes. Finally, extrapolation of toxicokinetic data across species lines can lead to serious miscalculations with respect to both dosage selection and the process of risk assessment. In each case, decisions should be based on the integration of toxicokinetic data with other measures and endpoints of biological and toxicological effect.
Distribution of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria by Multigene Sequence-Based Typing and Clinical Significance of Isolated Strains

ABSTRACT Species identification of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is challenging due to the increasing number of identified NTM species and the lack of standardized testing strategies. The objectives of this study were to investigate the distribution of NTM species recovered from respiratory specimens by multigene sequence-based typing and to evaluate the clinical significance of identified species. Two hundred thirty-two consecutive clinical NTM isolates were subjected to sequencing of multiple genes, including hsp65, rpoB, and 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence. In addition, clinical data from all patients whose specimens had NTM isolates were analyzed to examine clinical virulence and treatment history. Eighteen strains from 227 isolates from 169 patients were successfully identified at the species level by multigene sequence-based typing. Mycobacterium avium complex and M. abscessus complex made up the majority of isolated NTM (88%; 199/227), followed by M. fortuitum complex (4%; 10/227). The pathogenic potential of NTM differs enormously by species, and M. avium complex and M. abscessus complex revealed especially high levels of virulence compared with findings for other NTM species. The results from our work support M. avium complex and M. abscessus complex being the most common NTM species with highly pathogenic potential isolated from clinical respiratory specimens and could be a good resource for molecular epidemiology of NTM species in South Korea.