Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Agrochemicals and Chronic Kidney Disease of MultiFactorial Origin ( CKDmfo ) : An Environmentally Induced , Occupational Exposure Disease

The contamination of food and water through waste and agricultural runoff poses serious threats to humans. Pollution with microbes causes noticeable diarrheal diseases, whereas agrochemicals, heavy metals, fluoride, and toxins cause insidious diseases and premature deaths. Chronic kidney disease of unknown origin (CKDuo) was first seen in dry-zonal agricultural regions in equatorial countries in the mid-1960s, and in Sri Lanka, in mid-1990s. A number of agents and toxins have been postulated as the cause of CKD of multifactorial origin (CKDmfo/CKDuo), including heavy metals, agrochemicals, fluoride, fungal and bacterial toxins, climate change; and a number of behavioral factors. Meanwhile, several other potential nephrotoxic causes have not been investigated, including the indiscriminate and excessive use of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, illegal drugs and illicit alcohol, microbial agents (leptospirosis, Hanta virus etc.), chronic dehydration, and exposure to various combinations of these toxic agents in the presence of unhealthy habits. The incidence of CKDmfo is doubling every 4 to 5 years in Sri Lanka, leading to more than 5,000 deaths annually; excess of 150,000 people are currently affected. Although a number of agents have been postulated, no single offending agent has been identified as the cause of CKDmfo. To alleviate CKDmfo, it is essential to take a broader, holistic approach: carry out a massive awareness campaign, prevent environmental pollution, lessen malnutrition, correct unhealthy behaviors and habits acquired during recent past, and provide clean water completely devoid of nephrotoxins to all inhabitants in the affected communities. A sustained, coordinated, targeted, and effective approach is essential to decrease the disease incidence, prevention of premature deaths, and eradication of CKDmfo. This review explores pros and cons of agrochemicals as a potential cause of this deadly disease.
Minimal Invasive Teil-Korporektomie von direkt lateral – Erfahrungen an einer Serie von 45 Patienten

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Der direkt laterale Zugangsweg hat in den letzten Jahren zunehmend an Popularität gewonnen. Er könnte neben der Diskektomie aber auch für Teil-Korporektomien an der thorakolumbalen Wirbelsäule genutzt werden. Wir präsentieren hiermit nun unsere Erfahrung der letzten 5 Jahre (2012 – 2017). Methoden Es wurde retrospektiv unsere Datenbank ausgewertet, die ab 2012 kurz nach Markteinführung alle Patienten erfasste. Es wurden prä- und postoperative CT- und Röntgenaufnahmen in unserem PACS-System gespeichert. Die Patienten wurden 3 Monate nach der Operation erneut in unserer Ambulanz gesehen und das klinische Outcome bestimmt. Eine Vergleichsgruppe konnte für die Schmerzanalyse bei Patienten mit Metastasen an der Wirbelsäule gebildet werden, da nicht alle Patienten über denselben Zugang in dem Zeitraum operiert wurden. Ergebnisse Im Zeitraum zwischen März 2012 und März 2017 wurden 45 Patienten in den Höhen Th7 bis L4 operiert. Bei 30 Patienten waren spinale Metastasen die Indikation und bei 15 Patienten lag eine Berstungsfraktur zugrunde. Im gleichen Zeitraum wurde bei 8 Patienten eine Kostotransversektomie als operativer Zugang zur Resektion von osteolytischen Metastasen an der Wirbelsäule durchgeführt. Bei 88 % der Patienten konnte eine 90 %-Deckplattenabdeckung erreicht werden. In der Vergleichsanalyse zeigte sich, dass die Patienten, die sich einem minimalinvasiven lateralen Zugang unterzogen, einen signifikant geringeren kombinierten Blutverlust und weniger unmittelbar postoperative Schmerzen hatten. Neurologische Komplikationen erlitten 6 Patienten (13 %). Implantatassoziierte Komplikationen wurden in 7 Fällen (15 %) beobachtet, davon 5 revisionspflichtig. Schlussfolgerung Unsere Serie untersucht anhand von 45 Patienten die mini-open direkt laterale Teil-Korporektomie. Diese Technik ist ein wertvolles minimalinvasives Zugangsverfahren für Tumoren und Frakturen der Wirbelsäule insbesondere bei Wirbelkörperdestruktionen mit der Möglichkeit einer exzellenten Deckplattenabdeckung durch das lateral eingebrachte Implantat. Weitere Nachuntersuchungen und Erfahrungen sind notwendig, um das Indikationsspektrum sowie die Langzeitergebnisse zu untersuchen.
From epitaxy to converters topologies what issues for 200 mm GaN/Si?

Energy is one of the main societal challenges of the 21th century. With the growth of population and cities, CO2 emission reduction, efficiency improvements especially in transportation modes will have to be enhanced. Cost will the main driver of power devices. This paper reviews the developments at CEA-Leti in power electronics. A complete GaN on 200 mm line has been implemented. For each stage of device realization a discussion of the issues will be done.
Developments in autonomous vehicle navigation

An approach to autonomous vehicle navigation using neural networks to imitate human driving behavior is presented. The results are based on the measured actions of a real human driver in a real car. The car environment and the information that is recorded during driving are described. The problem that should be solved by the neural network is discussed. The actual learning of the driving task is presented. The quality of the leaned driving behavior is reviewed. The experiments showed that medium-sized neural networks were able to approximate the driving behavior within a maximum error of 5%. <<ETX>>
Images from the past.

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Design and Performance of MEMS Multifunction Optical Device Using a Combined In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Motion of Dual-Slope Mirror

A reflection-type MEMS multifunction-integrated optical device using the combined in-plane and out-of-plane motion of a dual-slope mirror is proposed. The motion of the mirrors results in the corresponding optical axis offsets in the transmitting and receiving optical signals, which can enable the device with variable optical power splitting, optical switching and variable optical attenuating functions. The optical models for splitting and attenuating are presented, respectively. The electro-mechanical characteristics of the device are also investigated. Measurements of the fabricated devices show that the switching times is less than 9 ms. The excess loss of the device is less than 3 dB and the controllable attenuation range is up to 39 dB, respectively. Moreover, polarization-dependent loss is less than 0.7 dB in the whole attenuation and splitting range.
A retrospective study on cervical intraepithelial lesions of low-grade and undetermined significance: evolution, associated factors and cytohistological correlation

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES: Cervical cancer is an important cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. There is some controversy about the factors that may be associated with infection by the human papillomavirus (HPV) that may favor or protect against evolution from a low-grade intraepithelial lesion to a high-grade intraepithelial lesion or invasive neoplasia. The objective here was to evaluate the evolution of low-grade intraepithelial lesions and squamous or glandular lesions of undetermined significance, the associated factors and cytohistological correlations. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective study conducted in a public tertiary-level university hospital. METHODS: Information was obtained by reviewing patient records and/or colposcopy reports. A statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression, calculating the odds ratio and applying chi-square tests. RESULTS: Of the 3390 patients, 409 evolved to high-grade intraepithelial lesions, of which 354 had an initial diagnosis of HPV infection, 27 of squamous atypia of undetermined significance, 22 of low-grade intraepithelial lesions with or without cytological diagnosis of infection by associated HPV and six of glandular cell atypia of undetermined significance. CONCLUSIONS: Lactobacillus sp and bacterial vaginosis on the smears, smoking and immunodepression were factors associated with evolution. A single partner, use of hormonal contraceptives, lower parity, age and a cytological diagnosis of cytolytic vaginosis, T. vaginalis, Candida sp or cocci were factors associated with protection. With regard to cytohistological correlation, there was a 74.08% agreement among patients with high-grade lesions and a biopsy obtained during the same period.
b-Amyloid 1 – 42 Peptide Directly Modulates Nicotinic Receptors in the Rat Hippocampal Slice

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a human neurological disorder characterized by an increasing loss of cognitive function and the presence of extracellular neuritic plaques composed of the b-amyloid peptide (Ab1–42). However, the link between these molecular correlates of AD and the loss of cognitive function has not been established. The pathology associated with AD includes the loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons, presynaptic terminals in the neocortex and hippocampus, and a decrease in the total amount of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). This leads to the hypothesis that failure in the cholinergic system underlies the dementia seen in AD. Cognitive performance has been linked to nAChR function in the hippocampus, and the interneurons expressing nAChRs coordinate the activity of large numbers of principal cells and therefore have a powerful role in the regulation of hippocampal activity. We have found that Ab1–42 inhibits whole-cell and single-channel nicotinic currents from rat hippocampal interneurons by directly blocking the postsynaptic nAChR channels at concentrations as low as 100 nM. This inhibition appears specific for peptide sequence and neuronal nAChRs, and the magnitude of Ab1–42 inhibition is dependent on the nAChR channel subtype expressed. Thus, chronic inhibition of cholinergic signaling by Ab1–42 could contribute to the cognitive deficits associated with AD.
Nutritional Management of Cereals Cropped Under Irrigation Conditions

Crop nutritional management must be oriented so as to achieve economically convenient yields for the producer along with an efficient use of resources and concern for the environ‐ ment. The use of information about soil chemical properties and experience of the behav‐ ior of each species under fertilization conditions with variations in soil chemical properties allow adjusting nutrient rates for different production situations. This chapter provides basic information about the nutritional requirements of the main cereals cultivated in the world, nutritional management strategies, and the nutritional value of using residues. This information is a guide for the producer to determine a nutritional management strategy using information provided by analyzing soil chemical properties for different productivity scenarios.
Binaural interaction in low-frequency stimuli: the inability to trade time and intensity completely.

Subjects were presented with low‐frequency tonal signals, leading in time to one ear but more intense to the other. For differing values of interaural time (Δt) and intensity (ΔI), the listener's task was to detect the difference between the dichotic signals and diotic tones of the same frequency. The shapes of the psychometric functions demonstrate that time and intensity do trade but that the trade is incomplete—a result shown to be in accord with other experiments where listeners presented with such signals report the presence of two distinct “images. ” A model of time‐intensity trading is presented in which it is assumed that differences of intensity are converted to time by two different trading mechanisms and that the two sums of Δt and converted ΔI act as different loci on a single interaural dimension. It is further suggested that the inner and outer hair cells may represent the site of the two trades.
Hospital Presentation After Stroke in a Community Sample: The Mobile Stroke Project

Background. Existing data regarding time between stroke and presentation for treatment are largely derived from hospital-based or multicenter databases and may not accurately reflect presentation patterns for most hospitalized stroke patients. Methods. We evaluated a consecutive series of all hospitalized patients in Mobile County, Alabama. Results. We identified 1,010 hospitalized stroke patients. Of all patients with out-of-hospital stroke, 42% came to a hospital within 3 hours of symptom onset. There were no statistically significant interhospital differences. Being asleep at the time of stroke or being transported by family or friends significantly increased the likelihood of late arrival. Conclusions. A minority of stroke patients arrive at a hospital early enough to qualify for acute intervention. Until development of acute therapies with longer therapeutic windows or more robust therapeutic benefit than tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), effective stroke prevention strategies will exert a greater influence on stroke incidence and morbidity.
Genotype–phenotype correlations in Marfan syndrome

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant connective-tissue disorder associated with abnormalities of the cardiovascular, ocular and musculoskeletal systems. Aortopathy, manifest as thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) and dissection, is the major cause of morbidity and mortality. Most individuals with MFS carry mutations in the gene FBN1 . This gene encodes the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein fibrillin-1, which plays essential roles in the formation of microfibrils, organisation of ECM components and sequestration of growth factors such as transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ). Thus, mutations in FBN1 lead to deleterious biomechanical effects and aberrant signalling pathway activation within the aorta and other affected tissues. Though autosomal dominant, MFS has wide phenotypic variability. For example, the age of onset, severity and rate of progression of TAA is currently unpredictable. These gaps in knowledge pose important limitations in clinical decision making with respect to timing of elective surgery, frequency of imaging follow-up, physical activity restriction and drug management. In their Heart paper, Franken et al have undertaken the important task of investigating whether the specific subtype of FBN1 mutation could be used to predict the risk of TAA severity.1 The current study examined 290 patients with MFS and known FBN1 mutations followed at two specialist units, including Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona in Spain, and the Academic Medical Centre of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. The investigators tracked aortic diameter, aortic dilation rate and clinical endpoints of dissection and death from 2004 to 2015. Mutations in FBN1 can cause (1) reduction in the fibrillin produced in the cell, that is, quantitative defects, (2) change the structure or stability of the protein, and/or (3) alter the ability of fibrillin to be exported to the ECM (figure 1). Mutations in FBN1 that result in haploinsufficiency (HI) lead to reduced amounts of fibrillin, fewer microfibrils and increased activated TGFβ levels due to decreased …
Delay Minimization Topology Control in Planetary Surface Network: An Autonomous Systems Approach

This paper investigates the topology control problem in the planetary surface network (PSN) of Interplanetary Internet (IPN) using an autonomous system (AS) approach. We propose a delay minimization topology control (DMTC) algorithm to achieve low time delay and strong connectivity in the planetary surface network. Compared with the most existing approaches where either the purely centralized or the purely distributed control method is adopted, the proposed algorithm is a hybrid control method. In order to reduce the cost of control, the control message exchange is constrained among neighboring AS networks. We prove that the proposed algorithm could achieve logical k-connectivity on the condition that the original physical topology is k-connectivity. Simulation results validate the theoretic analysis and effectiveness of the DMTC algorithm.
A multi-agent process centered environment integrated with the WWW

Presents ShaDOW, an environment for supporting the work of teams of software engineers engaged in geographically distributed software processes. Such an environment is designed and implemented over WWW middleware, and can be controlled by standard WWW browsers. Applications of this kind are complex and exciting examples of workflow systems. They need a suitable language to model the process and a suitable coordination architecture to build up the system. The Shade language, a coordination language based on the multiple tuple spaces coordination model, has been used as both process modeling language and as system design language.
Immunohistochemical evidence for the coexistence of substance P, thyrotropin‐releasing hormone, GABA, methionin‐enkephalin, and leucin‐enkephalin in the serotonergic neurons of the caudal raphe nuclei: A dual labeling in the rat

By means of dual immunohistochemical labeling on the same brain section examined with a light microscope, the present study reports the presence with serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine; 5‐HT) of gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), substance P (SP), thyro‐tropin‐releasing hormone (TRH), leucin‐enkephalin (LEU‐enk), or methionin‐enkephalin (MET‐enk), within the same neuron in the nuclei raphe magnus, raphe obscurus, and raphe pallidus of the rat. On the one hand, peptides or GABA are detected with specific rabbit antibodies by indirect peroxidase labeling using peroxidase‐conjugated Fab fragments, and on the other, 5‐HT is detected with a rabbit antibody against the BSA‐serotonin conjugate by radio‐immunocytochemistry using [125I]‐labeled protein A. The possible coexistence of TRH and SP in these neurons is also investigated by using peroxidase labeling and radio‐immunocytochemical detection, respectively.
Wolfe programming aptitude test (school edition)

A unique feature of this test is that it consists of only three problems. The second problem, moreover, depends on the first and the third problem depends on the two earlier ones. Each of the problems is more intricate than the preceding one. Although one hour of working time has proved adequate for about half the number of students who have taken the test, a minimum scheduling of one and a half hours is recommended. This is suitable for about 95% of the persons likely to be tested. A two-hour limit is preferable because it will permit the slow, careful worker who likes to check his work as he goes along to proceed at his own normal pace. Even additional time may be allowed if it is feasible to do so in one sitting. An important feature of the grading is that when the student made an error in his work, the rest of his work was followed through in detail pursuant to his earlier error. Thus a student may possibly lose credit due to one careless error and still obtain a high score for that problem even if his answers to all parts of the problem are wrong.
Elucidating molecular mechanisms of the developmental origins hypothesis: p53 phosphorylation, apoptosis, and nephrogenesis.

epidemiologic studies show that humans born small for gestational age are disposed to developing type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and cardiovascular disorders (the “metabolic syndrome”) during adulthood ([3][1], [4][2]). The mechanisms by which intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) leads
The Development of a GIS-Based Property Information System for Real Estate Valuation

Property value is a function of locational, physical, legal and economic factors. The prevalent method of valuation is the comparison technique which involves the analysis of properties similar to the one being valued in order to isolate and quantify individual influences on value. A primary factor that affects real estate value is location (Goodall 1972) yet the quantification of this factor in the valuation process is traditionally accounted for by the valuer's expert knowledge of a locality. This paper demonstrates that a more quantitative approach to the analysis of spatial property information would enhance the real estate valuer's understanding of locational influences on property value. To achieve this a GIS-based property valuation database was developed for a study area that permitted the geographical representation of property information at the individual property level. Network analysis was then used to examine the influence of accessibility on property value and value maps were constructed to.
Online news, civic awareness, and engagement in civic and political life

The Internet has transformed access to the news with most citizens in western democracies having access at their fingertips. This study examines how youth consume news online highlighting news consumption through social networking sites and other online sources. This study uses two-wave longitudinal survey data of young people to examine how online news affects civic awareness and engagement in civic and political life. The findings suggest that online news will have minimal direct effect on civic and political engagement. Instead, the effects of online news are indirect. Online news increases civic awareness, which indirectly affects engagement. The indirect effects of online news are more pronounced for voting and boycotting, compared with signing petitions. Online news may be able to address participation inequalities between younger and older citizens by building civic awareness among youth and indirectly affecting participation in civic and political life.
Buddy2GuessWho: a smartphone application in on-line social network platform

With the rapid development of online social networks, a lot of social networking sites such as Facebook, MySpace or Twitter have been present. By using mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers, people can build online relationship with their friends anytime and anywhere. In this paper we design and implement a smartphone application called Buddy2GuessWho. This application provides an opportunity for users to make a guess for their friends by asking some questions. The purpose of exploiting Buddy2GuessWho is to investigate the influence of social relationship between a user and his/her friends. The numerical results show that 65.3% of users will make a correct guess at the first time if they are well-acquainted. The results also show that the more questions the users ask, the less acquaintance they have with that person. Moreover, the error rate of guessing increases as the level of acquaintance is decreased.