Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF GROWTH REGULATORS AND EXPLANTS ON CALLUS INDUCTION AND ORGANOGENESIS IN HYPERICUM PERFORATUM

Hypericum perforatum is a traditional medicinal plant that has been used for the treatment of neurological disorders and depression. In this research, the effect of different levels of growth regulators (IAA and BAP) and explants type (root, stem, leaf) on callus induction and organogenesis of Hypericum perforatum were studied through factorial experiment design based on completely randomized arrangement with five replications and five samples per experimental unit. Explants from sterilized seedlings were cultured on MS medium containing different concentrations of IAA (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg L -1 ) and BAP (0.0, 0.4, and 0.8 mg L -1 ). We incubated the samples in the dark at 23°C for 28 days. After this period, variables including callus size, number of roots and number of shoots were measured. Among tested explants, leaf explants was found to be most effective as it produced the most number of roots and shoots. The main effects of IAA and BAP and also the interaction or combination effects of these growth regulators were statistically significant (P≤0.01) on all traits. The maximum number of shoots was obtained in leaf explants, when the concentration of BAP and IAA was high and low, respectively. Our findings are compatible with the results reported that in H. perforatum, BAP was found to be the most efficient in promoting shoot regeneration when leaves were used as the explants.
Carbon exchange in some invasive species in the Himalayan foothills.

This study focuses on analyzing the behavior and seasonality in the canopy carbon exchange of a subtropical ecosystem at the Himalayan foothills and comprises three important invasive species: Lantana camara, Ageratum conyzoides and Bidens biternata. Systematic sampling on the daily CO2 exchange process and biophysical parameters formed the basis of this investigation. The analyses based on year-round in-situ measurements showed that mean daily net canopy carbon exchange (net primary productivity) of the system (all species in totality) was 11.8 g C m-2 day-1 (41.5 t C ha-1yr-1). All species had almost equal contribution to the system NPP and they were in order of A. conyzoides (14.6 t C ha-1yr-1), B. biternata (13.8 t C ha-1yr-1) and L. camara (13.1 t C ha-1yr-1). Light use efficiency (LUE) exhibited a bimodal trend with peaks in early (Jun Jul) and post-monsoon (Oct Nov) season. Mean LUE of L. camara was 20.8 ± 10.9 mmol CO2 mol-1 PAR, while that of A. conyzoides and B. biternata were 24.7 ± 9.9 and 22.8 ± 10.4 mmol CO2 mol-1 PAR, respectively. Maximum net canopy assmilation (Cnar) was observed in the post-monsoon period and minimum in the winter (Dec). 15 50 % of the Cnar was lost as night-time plant respiration across an annual growth cycle with maximum during winter and minimum in the post-monsoon season. These species together absorbed comparably equal or even more carbon than that of mature forests. However, the carbonretaining capacity of these species is limited due to the short growth cycle.
In Silico Virulence and Resistance Profile Analysis of Staphylococcus species

In silico studies of the genes of Staphylococcus spp. might establish some correlations with multiple pathological factors. Sixty isolates of Staphylococcus spp. have been studied here targeting virulence and antibiotic resistance genes through in silico tools. Here, in silico PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplification detected both virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. Study revealed that most of the isolates harboured either cap5 (40%) or cap8 (31.67%) locus gene. Staphylococcal enterotoxin was detected in 63.33% of the isolates. The sea gene, responsible for food poisoning, was detected in 26.67% of the isolates. The tst positive isolates (5%), responsible for toxic shock syndrome, were present in only genotype 8. No exfoliative toxin was detected. The icaA gene, responsible for intracellular adherence, appeared in 80% of the isolates. Alpha hemolysin gene, hla , was detected in 63.33% of the isolates. Sixty-five percent of the isolates harboured the mecA genes. Both β-lactamase ( blaZ ) and erythromycin resistance, ermA genes were available in 38.33% of the isolates. In silico pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) digestion was able to divide isolates into 23 genotypes. Genotype 8 and 11 harboured tetracycline resistance genes, tetM and tetK . The tetM gene (18.33%) was more prevalent than tetK gene (11.67%). Genotype 1 and 11 were considered more virulent than others. Genotype 11 also carried six antibiotic resistance genes but did not carry the genes msrA , msrB , ermB and ermC . The data generated here might aid in the prediction of the virulence and resistance profile based on genotyping as well as contribute in vaccine development. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 20 (1): 71-84, 2017
Evolution in the Deep Sea: Scales and Mechanisms of Population Divergence

EVOLUTION IN THE DEEP SEA: SCALES AND MECHANISMS OF POPULATION DIVERGENCE December 2016 Amanda Glazier, B.S. University of Maryland Ph.D., University of Massachusetts Boston Directed by Professor Ron Etter The deep sea is the Earth’s largest ecosystem and harbors a unique and largely endemic fauna. Although most research has focused on the ecological mechanisms that allow coexistence, recent studies have begun to investigate how this remarkable fauna evolved. My work quantifies geographic patterns of genetic variation and investigates potential mechanisms that shape evolution in the deep ocean. Bathymetric genetic divergence is common in the deep sea with population structure typically decreasing with depth. The evolutionary mechanisms that underlie these patterns are poorly understood. Geographic patterns of genetic variation indicated that the protobranch bivalve Neilonella salicensis was composed of two distinct lineages separated bathymetrically. Genetic diversity was greater in the lower-bathyal clade of N. salicensis than the upper to mid-bathyal clade. In a co-occurring mid-bathyal protobranch Malletia johnsoni, population differentiation was greater among samples than the confamilial lower-bathyal Clencharia abyssorum, though, genetic diversity was
DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK DAUN CEMCEM (Spondias pinnata (L.f) Kurz.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 SECARA IN VITRO

The objective of this study is to determine the inhibition of cemcem leaf extract ( Spondias pinnata (L.f) Kurz. ) to the growth of Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 in vitro and to observe the type of antibacterial compounds contained in the cemcem leaf extract. This research uses a experimental method with five treatments concentration of cemcem leaf extract that is 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%. The results of experiment were presented in tables and pictures. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistic. The results showed that the cemcem leaf extract could inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 with the highest inhibition at 40% concentration (4.62 ± 1.0953 mm) and cemcem leaf extract contain antibacterial compounds such as flavonoid, tanin and saponin.
Short Communication Identification of a molecular marker linked to the closed capsule mutant trait in sesame using AFLP

The identification of an amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker linked to an agronomically useful trait in sesame is reported. A bulked segregant analysis (BSA) approach was adopted on segregating progenies of a cross between the closed capsule mutant line cc3, and the Turkish variety Muganli-57. A total of 72 primer combinations were screened for linkage to the trait, but only one closely linked amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker was identified. The linkage was confirmed by analysing the AFLP profile from single plants. The marker has the potential to accelerate breeding programmes aimed at modifying unwanted sideeffects of the closed capsule mutation by marker-assisted selection.
Initial evidence on auto-regulation of prhK operon and its potential working model for the regulation of hrp regulon in Ralstonia solanacearum

Type iii secretion system (T3ss) is conserved in ma ny plant and animal bacterial pathogens and this syringe-like protein-secretion system is essential for their virulence and host specificity. Bacteria use T3ss to inject bacterial proteins, so-called type iii effectors into host cytoplasm to subvert host defense signaling and facilitate bacterial colonization in host (hueck, 1998; galán & Collmer, 1999; galán & Wolf-Watz, 2006; Zhou & Chai, 2008; Lewis et al., 2009). in bacterial plant pathogens, the T3ss is encoded by a cluster of approximately 20 hrp (hypersensitive response and pathogenicity) genes that are organized into se ve ral operons (arnold et al., 2003; Valls et al., 2006). Ralstonia solanacearum is a causative agent of ba cte rial wilt disease in almost 200 crop and ornamental plant species; it is soil-borne, gram-negative, and has been studied as a model plant vascular pathogen (Ya buuchi et al., 1995; schell, 2000; Denny, 2006). The construction of T3ss in R. solanacearum is strongly influenced by the growth environment. its expression is repressed in nutrient-rich condition, well induced in nutrient-poor condition and greatly enhanced when stimulated with plant signals (arlat et al., 1992; genin et al., 1992; Mukaihara et al., 2004; Yoshimochi et al., 2009b). T3ss is positively controlled by hrpB, which belongs to the araC-family transcriptional regulator. hrpB might directly bind to hrpII box, a conserved Dna motif in the promoters of most of its target ge Journal of Biological Research-Thessaloniki 20: 305 – 311, 2013 J. Biol. Res.-Thessalon. is available online at http://www.jbr. gr indexed in: Wos (Web of science, isi Thomson), sCOPUs, Cas (Chemical abstracts service) and DOaJ (Directory of Open access Journals)
A Protective Action of Neurotropic Against Viscerotropic Yellow Fever Virus in Macacus Rhesus

It was first shown by Theiler (1) that repeated passage of the French strain of yellow fever virus through the brain tissues of white mice leads to some change in the virus so that it no longer causes the visceral lesions of yellow fever when inoculated into Macacus rhesus. These observations have been confirmed and extended by Sellards (2), Sawyer, Kitchen, and Lloyd (3), and Lloyd and Penna (4). On the other hand yellow fever virus of the Asibi strain is almost uniformly fatal to M. rhesus when inoculated into these animals. There are here presented the results observed following inoculation of the two above mentioned viruses into M. rhesus, both simultaneously and at intervals up to forty-eight hours—the viscerotropic virus always being inoculated first. The details of seventeen experiments, in which forty-eight test animals were used, are set forth in table 1, and the results are summarized in table 2.
ZENKEVITCHIA KARAMANI , A DISTINCT NEW SPECIES OF ADMIRABILIS -GROUP (CRUSTACEA: AMPHIPODA: TYPHLOGAMMARIDAE) FROM ABKHAZIA

New species of the family Typhlogammaridae (Amphipoda, Gammaridea), Zenkevitchia karamani , sp. n. from the subterranean waters of Novy Afon cave in Abkhazia is described and illustrated. The affinity of the new species to concerned taxa is discussed. New records of Zenkevitchia yakovi are provided as well.
Unifying Temporal Phenomena in Human Visual Cortex

Neuronal responses in visual cortex show a diversity of complex temporal properties. These properties include sub-additive temporal summation, response reduction with repeated or sustained stimuli (adaptation), and slower dynamics at low stimulus contrast. Here, we hypothesize that these seemingly disparate effects can be explained by a single, shared computational mechanism. We propose a model consisting of a linear stage, followed by history-dependent gain control. The model accounts for these various temporal phenomena, tested against an unusually diverse set of measurements - intracranial electrodes in patients, fMRI, and macaque single unit spiking. The model further enables us to uncover a systematic and rich variety of temporal encoding strategies across visual cortex: First, temporal receptive field shape differs both across and within visual field maps. Second, later visual areas show more rapid and pronounced adaptation. Our study provides a new framework to understand the transformation between visual input and dynamical cortical responses. Author Summary The nervous system extracts meaning from the distribution of light over space and time. Spatial vision has been a highly successful research area, and the spatial receptive field has served as a fundamental and unifying concept that spans perception, computation, and physiology. While there has also been a large interest in temporal vision, the temporal domain has lagged the spatial domain in terms of quantitative models of how signals are transformed across the visual hierarchy. Here we present a model of temporal dynamics of neuronal responses in human cerebral cortex. We show that the model can accurately predict responses at the millisecond scale using intracortical electrodes in patient volunteers, and that the same model generalizes to multiple types of other measurements, including functional MRI and action potentials from monkey cortex. Further, we show that a single model can account for a variety of temporal phenomena, including short-term adaptation and slower dynamics at low stimulus contrast. By developing a computational model and showing that it successfully generalizes across measurement types, cortical areas, and stimuli, we provide new insights into how time-varying images are encoded and transformed into dynamic cortical responses.
Design of a cost-effective IoT based Battery Management System for Electric Vehicles

The Battery Management System (BMS) is one of very crucial elements in an electric vehicle. Real-time continuous health monitoring of battery is very much required. Presently the systems installed in Electric Vehicles for battery health monitoring are very costly. A microcontroller system comprising of decision-making circuit interfaced with smart sensors can be used to monitor the health of the battery. In this work, the voltage rating, Current rating, and temperature rating are the parameters which are being monitoring using specific sensors interfaced with Arduino-UNO controller. We have illustrated the real time battery management system using Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The system is capable of flashing real-time parameters on LCD screen as well as the same data is sent online using IoT based Wi-Fi module. The programs have been developed to alert the user’s mobile in case of any emergency situation or abnormal conditions. The designed system is compact, easy to design and very cost effective. This work shows a hardware circuitry for real time health monitoring of the battery. The system is capable of monitoring the real time values of crucial parameters and sending the data to an IoT platform. It is capable of sending the updates if required by the user or in emergent situations.
Detection of changes in white blood cells after activation using a density gradient inside microcapillaries

Infections and autoimmune diseases are today affecting at least 1.7 billion of the world population [1]. There are today several methods used to try and diagnose infections and autoimmune diseases, but these cannot differentiate between infection due to different pathogens or autoimmune disease. A method based on a density gradient inside a capillary would aid in the differentiation between the different pathogens causing the disease and autoimmune diseases. The method amounts to a capillary, filled with drops of different densities and either isolated neutrophils or whole blood, inserted into a centrifuge for 2-25 minutes. The neutrophils, activated during infection and a sign for the immune system being activated, will end up in different locations along the capillary depending on their state of activation. The neutrophils, or any other immune cell, changes depending on their activation state but also on how they were activated, i.e. depending on pathogen but also if it is autoimmune, and this can be used to create a method based on density to detect these changes. The method was able to show that neutrophils ended up in different places based on their activation state. The project has opened up for further studies on neutrophil activation but also on methods based on density gradient inside of capillaries. The method has showed to be promising in quantifying the activation state of neutrophils but also as a complement to the available diagnostic tools for infection used today. (Less)
Multi-Drug Resistance Pattern of Escherichia coli Isolated from Hospital Effluent and Determination of Tetracycline Resistance Gene

| The Current study was conducted to investigate anti-microbial resistance pattern of Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from hospital effluent and the occurrence of tetracycline resistance determinant genes: tet (A), tet (B) and tet (C) in tetracycline-resistant isolates. Effluent samples were collected from 15 randomly selected hospitals of Chittagong Metropolitan area for the isolation of E. coli based on cultural and biochemical properties. The isolated E. coli were screened for the anti-microbial susceptibility against 10 commonly used anti-microbials in the hospitals. Tetracycline-resistant isolates (13 out of 15) were employed for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the presence of tetracycline resistance determinant genes. E. coli isolates were resistant (100%) against amoxicillin and cephalothin followed by tetracycline (86.67%), sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim (80%), ceftriaxone (73.33%), nalidixic acid (66.67%), enrofloxacin (66.67%) and chloramphenicol (20%). Isolates were sensitive against gentamycin (86.67%) followed by neomycin (73.33%), chloramphenicol (66.67%), ceftriaxone (20%) and sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim (20%). Moreover, all isolates showed multi-drug resistance pattern. The prevalence of tetracycline resistance determinants were 53.85%, 15.38% and 0% for tet (A), tet (B) and tet (C) genes respectively. Both tet (A) and tet (B) genes were positive in 15.38% isolates. None of the isolates possessed all three genes or tet (B) and tet (C) genes or tet (A) and tet (C) genes collectively. A 53.85% isolates possessed one or more of the tested genes whereas 46.15% isolates had no tested genes. The study revealed that hospital effluent might be one of the major sources of the multi-drug resistant E. coli in environment and, to overcome this problem, the hospital effluent should be treated efficiently.
Biosynthesis, release, and possible transfer of glucose-derived carbohydrate intermediates and amino acids from mammalian glial cells to photoreceptor-neurons

Ce travail explore la possibilite d'un transfert d'hydrates de carbone et d'acides amines derives du glucose des cellules gliales vers les neurones, dans le systeme nerveux central du mammifere. Nous avons etabli, par autoradiographie du ³H-2-desoxyglucose et par HPLC, que les cellules gliales de Muller dans la retine intacte du cobaye, puis fraichement isolees, sont un site preponderant de phosphorylation du glucose. De meme, les resultats quantitatifs obtenus sur les cellules de Muller encore attachees aux photorecepteurs plaident en faveur d'un transfert de lactate, de glutamine, et du glutamate neurotransmetteur entre les cellules de Muller et les photorecepteurs car la concentration et l'activite specifique de marquage radioactif de ces substances sont modulees par l'illumination. En aval du glucose-6-phosphate, (le substrat ³H-2-desoxyglucose etant remplace par ¹⁴C(U)glucose), les cellules gliales synthetisent et relâchent de fortes quantites de ¹⁴C-lactate ainsi que de nombreux ¹⁴C-metabolites dependant d'une activite anaplerotique.
Antibacterial activity of northern Ontario medicinal plant extracts

Hassan, H. M. , Jiang, Z. -H. , Asmussen, C. , McDonald, E. and Qin, W. 2014. Antibacterial activity of northern Ontario medicinal plant extracts. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 417–424. In the present study, the antibacterial activity (in vitro) of the leaf and/or flower crude extracts of Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth & Hook.f. , Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal, Apocynum androsaemifolium L. , Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng, Cornus canadensis L. and Xanthium strumarium L. medicinal plants was analyzed through the hole-plate diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays against Escherichia coli, Aeromonas caviae, Paenibacillus alvei, Micrococcus luteus, Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and Bacillus cereus bacteria. In addition, the time-kill dynamic processes of these extracts against A. caviae, B. cereus, P. alvei, and M. luteus bacteria were also tested. The leaf and flower extracts of Anap. margaritacea and G. squarrosa possess significant antibacteri.
Review on behavioral impacts of aquatic noise on crustaceans

This review identified eleven peer-reviewed articles on behavioral impacts of noise on aquatic crustaceans, examining one freshwater species and several marine species, of which all are decapod crustaceans. Research incorporated noise sources such as low-frequency pile driving and airgun exploitation for seismic surveys, ship, and boat noise as well as white noise and pure tones. The studies suggest a variety of biological and ecological impacts ranging from increase in some behaviors (for instance locomotion) and stress, reduced and slower antipredator behavior, changes in foraging, suppressed behaviors with an ecological function (bioirrigation), and changes to intraspecific behavior (for instance agonistic encounters). More research on crustaceans and clearer reporting on the methods used to expose them to noise during experiments are needed. This would allow for consistent methods and ready comparison of results across studies.
Hepatic P450 monooxygenase response in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)) administered aquaculture antibiotics

The effects of the 4-quinolones, oxolinic acid and flumequine on hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in rainbow trout were examined during this study. Following antibiotic administration in the diet for 10 days at a representative commercial medicated feed concentration, fish were killed for assay at various periods up to 12 days following a return to normal diet. Ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) and benzyloxyresorufin O-dealkylase (BROD) activities were significantly elevated as a result of antibiotic treatment. The effects of oxolinic acid were delayed and longer-lasting compared with flumequine. The effects of flumequine were detectable 4 days earlier than those of oxolinic acid and lasted for less than ten days after treatment cessation. In contrast, oxolinic acid effects were apparent even on day 12 of the recovery period. The results of O-dealkylation, isoform-selective inhibition, and immunoblotting showed that the effects of both oxolinic acid and flumequine were related to P4501A subfamily. P450-binding spectra and experiments in vitro suggested that both antibiotics are weak doseindependent inhibitors of P450 activity, with flumequine exhibiting slightly higher binding affinity and inhibitory activity.