Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The maximum number of triangles in a graph of given maximum degree

Maximizing or minimizing the number of copies of a fixed graph in a large host graph is one of the most classical topics in extremal graph theory. Indeed, one of the most famous problems in extremal graph theory, the Erdős-Rademacher problem, which can be traced back to the 1940s, asks to determine the minimum number of triangles in a graph with a given number of vertices and edges. It was conjectured that the minimum is attained by complete multipartite graphs with all parts but one of the same size whilst the remaining part may be smaller. The problem was widely open in the regime of four or more parts until Razborov resolved the problem asymptotically in 2008 as one of the first applications of his newly developed flag algebra method. This catalyzed a line of research on the structure of extremal graphs and extensions. In particular, Reiher asymptotically solved in 2016 the conjecture of Lovasz and Simonovits from the 1970s that the same graphs are also minimizers for cliques of arbitrary size. This paper deals with the triangle maximization problem with uniformly bounded vertex degrees: _What is the maximum number of triangles in a graph with a given number $n$ of vertices and a given maximum degree $D$? _ Gan, Loh and Sudakov in 2015 conjectured that the graph maximizing the number of triangles is always a union of disjoint cliques of size $D+1$ and another clique that may be smaller, and showed that if such a graph maximizes the number of triangles, it also maximizes the number of cliques of any size $r\ge 4$. The author presents a remarkably simple and elegant argument that proves the conjecture exactly for all $n$ and $D$.
AVALIAÇÃO DOS EFEITOS CARDÍACOS DA ANGIOTENSINA 1-7 EM MODELO ANIMAL DE HIPERTIREOIDISMO

SENGER, N. Evaluation of cardiac effects of angiotensin 1-7 in an animal model of hyperthyroidism . 2015. 92 p. Masters thesis (Morphological Sciences) – Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2015. High levels of thyroid hormones (TH) are responsible by promoting changes in the cardiovascular system, which culminate in the development of hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction. We have previously demonstrated that TH promote cardiac hypertrophy and other cardiovascular manifestations through ReninAngiotensin-System (RAS) activation, especially due to Angiotensin II (Ang II). On the other hand, Angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7), a peptide synthesized by RAS, promotes opposite cardioprotective actions of Ang II and corresponds to an important regulatory arm in RAS. The aim of this study is to verify if Ang 1-7 may influence the cardiovascular effects induced by TH. Transgenic rats that constitutively overexpress Ang 1-7 (TGR-L3292) were used in this study. The animals received daily intraperitoneal injections of T3 (7μg/100g of body weight/ day) for 14 days. Cardiac morphology, function parameters and RAS components were evaluated in the heart of all animals. High levels of Ang 1-7 were able to attenuate cardiac hypertrophy induced by T3, decreasing cardiac mass and increasing β-MHC gene expression. Ang 1-7 treatment attenuated hemodynamic parameters and improved the cardiac function of hyperthyroid animals, while A779 treatment (5μg/Kg/h) inhibited or attenuated the cardioprotective actions of Ang 1-7. Moreover, high levels of T3 promoted local RAS activation, which was represented by increased Ang II levels, AT1 receptor and ACE2 activity in the heart. Anti-hypertrophic effects of Ang 1-7 were also observed in vitro. Ang 1-7 treatment (1000nM) prevented the increase in cell surface area in primary cultures of neonatal cardiomyocytes treated with T3 (10nM) for 24 hours. For the first time, cardioprotective actions of Ang 1-7 were observed in the heart of hyperthyroid animals. Future study will be necessaries to evaluate the molecular mechanisms involved to the Ang 1-7 actions on the hyperthyroid heart.
Internal control for a non-local Schrödinger equation involving the fractional Laplace operator

We analyze the interior controllability problem for a nonlocal Schrodinger equation involving the fractional Laplace operator $(-\Delta)^s$, $s\in(0,1)$, on a bounded $C^{1,1}$ domain $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^n$. The controllability from a neighborhood of the boundary of the domain is obtained for exponents $s$ in the interval $[1/2,1)$, while for $s<1/2$ the equation is shown to be not controllable. The results follow applying the multiplier method, joint with a Pohozaev-type identity for the fractional Laplacian, and from an explicit computation of the spectrum of the operator in the one-dimensional case.
Twisted derivatives with Alexander pairs for quandles

Fox defined free derivatives for groups, which can be used to define an invariant of a group equipped with a group representation such as the (twisted) Alexander invariants from a knot group. In this paper, we define twisted derivatives for quandles, which can be used to define an invariant of a quandle equipped with a quandle representation. The twisted Alexander invariants and the quandle cocycle invariants can be found in our framework with suitable setting of augmented Alexander pairs. As an application, we demonstrate that our invariant detects 5move equivalence classes of some knots. MSC: 57M27, 57M25.
Biochemistry of the exocrine secretion from gypsy moth caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

Gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), caterpillars have unpaired dorsal abdominal glands on the 6th and the 7th segments, and pairs of smaller glands on the 1st to 4th abdominal segments. Normally, material from these glands becomes sticky and is regularly dispersed onto setae by the caterpillars, but if larvae are held at saturated humidity for 3-4 d, droplets accumulate on the glands and remain fluid. The secretion is an aqueous mixture of low molecular weight molecules including the biogenic amine, γ-aminobutyric acid, short-chain hydroxy acids (e.g., α-hydroxyisobutyric acid), and Krebs cycle acids (e.g., isocitric acid), plus higher molecular weight compounds (≥30,coo MW). 2-Isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine, considered to be a warning odor in many aposematic insects, also occurs in the secretion in minute amounts (≤l picogram per larva), yet is mainly responsible for the exudate odor which is detectable from individual caterpillars. Natural secretion from L. dispar larvae was a feeding deterrent to foraging fire ants, Solenopsis geminata (F.), in a laboratory bioassay. All Lymantriidae have dorsal abdominal glands; therefore, it is likely that secretion from these glands contributes to the irritating and allergenic properties associated with setae from tussock moth caterpillars.
Stable Isotope Analysis on Human Skeletal Remains from the Edo-period Fushimi Castle Site in Japan

江戸時代は，急激な人口増加とその後の人口安定，また陸・海路による交易網の発達によって特徴づけられ，コメや野菜や魚介類を主要な食物としていたと言われる。 そのような江戸時代の人々の食性を，遺跡から出土した人骨を用いて実証しようとするのが本研究である。 伏見城跡遺跡（京都市）より出土した江戸時代人骨および動物骨からコラーゲンを抽出して，炭素および窒素の安定同位体比を測定した。 合計で27個体（男性9個体，女性12個体，子ども6個体）の人骨を分析に用いた。 それにより，伏見江戸時代人の食性，その性差を検討することを目的とした。 江戸時代の伏見の人々は，タンパク質源を淡水魚類に強く依存した食生活，もしくは陸上生態系から得られるC3植物と海産あるいは淡水魚類などを主たるタンパク質源とする食生活を送っていた可能性を示した。 江戸時代の都市では，食生活が米，野菜，魚介類からなり，アワやヒエ，キビなどC4植物の消費が少ないとする古記録を考慮に入れると，後者の食生活像が支持される。 また，男性の炭素同位体比は女性よりも高く，より多くの海産魚類や貝類などを摂取していた可能性がある。 また，年齢が上がると子どもの窒素同位体比は下がる傾向があり，これは母乳の摂取と離乳の開始に関連していると考えられる。
Developing a Curated Topic Model for COVID-19 Medical Research Literature

Topic models can facilitate search, navigation, and knowledge discovery in large document collections. However, automatic generation of topic models can produce results that fail to meet the needs of users. We advocate for a set of user-focused desiderata in topic modeling for the COVID-19 literature, and describe an effort in progress to develop a curated topic model for COVID-19 articles informed by subject matter expertise and the way medical researchers engage with medical literature.
PREVALENCE OF EXPOSURE TO FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS IN EXOTIC FELID SPECIES

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a novel lentivirus that causes T-cell deficiency in the domestic cat (Felis catus). Recent studies have revealed the existence of antigenically similar lentiviruses in a large number of nondomestic felid species. We summarize here a comprehensive serological survey for FIV cross-reactive antibodies in free-ranging and captive felid populations. Serum or plasma samples from 1,645 animals representing 20 felid species were screened by western blot analysis for exposure to one or more lentiviral proteins. Feline lentiviruses were confirmed to be endemic in several East and South African populations of lion (Panthera leo). Exposure was also detected in nearly all of the natural North American puma (Felis concolor) populations surveyed. Antibodies to FIV were also found in a free-ranging population of cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus). Lentivirus presence among captive exotic cats in the United States and abroad appears to be sporadic and infrequent. Because FIV is endemic in certain natural populations and absent in others, these data suggest that lentivirus infection postdated the geographic separation of felid populations; and therefore, spread of the virus into other seronegative populations may now be restricted by natural
Evidence of H1 and H3 Influenza Virus Infection in Captive Birds in Tehran from November 2008 to February 2009

Background and Aims: Influenza A virus infects birds and some mammalian including human. H1 and H3 subtypes are circulated in both human and birds' population. To determine the prevalence of the mentioned subtypes in birds, different captive bird species in Tehran zoo, and affiliated centers in Tehran were investigated for virus infection. Methods: In this study, Between November 2008 and February 2009, 76 cloacal swabs and serum samples were collected from 5 orders of Anseriformes, Galliformes, Columbiformes, Pelicaniformes and Phoenicopteriformes. Antibody surveillance was undertaken by haemagglutination inhibition assay and for detection of influenza virus genome RT-PCR technique was used. Results: In total, 57.7% and 88.75% of bird sera were seropositive against H1 and H3 viruses respectively. The highest GMT value and the greatest antibody titers were observed in Galliformes order particularly in chicken species. Influenza A genome was not detected in any of the samples by RT-PCR using M gene. Conclusion: Results of this study indicated that seropositive birds were infected during the last or possibly previous years with H1 and H3 virus strain.
Concept Wikification for COVID-19

Understanding scientific articles related to COVID-19 requires broad knowledge about concepts such as symptoms, diseases and medicine. Given the very large and evergrowing scientific articles related to COVID19, it is a daunting task even for experts to recognize the large set of concepts mentioned in these articles. In this paper, we address the problem of concept wikification for COVID19, which is to automatically recognize mentions of concepts related to COVID-19 in text and resolve them into Wikipedia titles. We develop an approach to curate a COVID-19 concept wikification dataset by mining Wikipedia text and the associated intra-Wikipedia links. We also develop an end-to-end system for concept wikification for COVID-19. Preliminary experiments show very encouraging results. Our dataset, code and pre-trained model are available at github.com/panlybero/ Covid19_wikification.
Effect of Moringa Leaf Pellets as an Additional Feed Componenton Milk Yield of Lactating Cows

Scarcity of good fodder for ruminant animals can be addressed by using fodder trees and shrub forages that are locally available and easily manageable. A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Moringa leaf pellets as an additional feed component on the milk yield of eight lactating cows. A basal diet with Bermuda grass and concentrate feed was tested against the same diet where the Bermuda grass was partially replaced by Moringa leaf pellets on weight basis for four weeks. The milk yield was recorded twice a day and a sample of 100 ml from each milking was collected and analysed for organoleptic characteristics. The mean daily milk yield was significantly higher when cows were fed Moringa leaf pellets and the group fed with Moringa leaf pellets showed consistent milk yield throughout the collection period compared to the other group. The organoleptic characteristics like colour, smell and taste of the milk were not significantly different between the diets. It has been evident from the study that Moringa leaf pellets fed at half of the forage requirement can significantly improve milk yields of dairy cattle fed a basal diet of Bermuda grass and concentrate without affecting the organoleptic characteristics of milk and thus has the potential to emerge as a good supplement in arid regions.
MEMBRANE TRANSPORT OF OPIOIDS: RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION OF P-GLYCOPROTEIN MEDIATED TRANSPORT AND PASSIVE PERMEABILITY IN VITRO

Restricted transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) can be a critical factor in the development of mechanism-based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PKPD) models for the central effects of opioids. In this study, the P-glycoprotein (Pgp) interaction and the apparent transmembrane passive permeability rates (Papp) of a wide range of opioids were investigated, This was performed in vitro, using monolayers of MDCK:MDR1 and LLC-PK1:MDR1a cells. The opioids alfentanil, fentanyl, sufentanil, loperamide and morphine were able to inhibit Pgp mediated efflux of 3H-digoxin in MDCK:MDR1 and LLC-PK1:MDR1a cells, whereas no inhibition was observed for butorphanol, nalbuphine, and the morphine metabolites M3G and M6G. Moreover, active transport by Pgp was found for loperamide and morphine. The Papp values were determined in the presence of the Pgp inhibitor GF120918. High transmembrane passive permeability rates (>500 nm/sec) were found for alfentanil, fentanyl, sufentanil and butorphanol, whereas the permeability rates of loperamide (206 nm/sec), nalbuphine (156 nm/sec) and morphine (16 nm/sec) were relatively low. It is concluded that the contributions of both Pgp mediated transport and transmembrane passive permeability rates are of importance for the influence of BBB transport on the PKPD relationships of opioids. Alfentanil, fentanyl, sufentanil and butorphanol have high passive permeability rates and the relative contribution of Pgp mediated transport, if any, is therefore considered as not significant. In contrast, nalbuphine, morphine and loperamide have low passive permeabilities and therefore the net transmembrane transport is significantly influenced by Pgp mediated transport.
On Semi Generalized ωα-Closed Sets in Topological Spaces

The aim of this paper is to introduce the new class of closed sets called semi generalized ωα-closed (briefly sgωα-closed) sets in topological spaces which is properly lies between the class of semi-closed sets and the class of gs-closed sets. Further we define sgωα-closure and sgωα-interior in topologicsl spaces and obtained some of their properties. AMS subject classification: 54A05, 54A10.
Effect of different transportation period on body weight loss, hematological and biochemical stress responses of sheep

The study was conducted to evaluate the duration of road transportation during 4, 8 and 12 hours on body weight loss, hematological and biochemical responses of sheep. Twenty-four male Javanese thin tailed sheep were separated into transported group (T4, T8 and T12) and non-transported group (NT4, NT8 and NT12). Transportation (T) groups were transported for 4, 8 and 12 h in the same open pick up with 0.28 m 2 /head of loading density. Body weight, haematological and biochemical blood profiles were determined. The results showed that increasing of transportation duration significantly increased (P<0.05) body weight loss and decreased (P<0.05) hematocrit, cortisol and glucose values in the blood. However, these values were in the normal range of sheep well-being. In conclusion, transported healthy Javanese thin tailed sheep under good condition without feed and water access up to 12 h can tolerate to adverse effect of transportation without disturbing their welfare.
A Revision of the Species of the Genus Myrmechusa from Tropical Africa with Notes on Their Behavior and Their Relationship to the Pygostenini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)

The genus Myrmechusa Wasmann is redescribed and differentiated from Zyras Stephens insofar as is possible at present. M. mirabilis Wasmann, M. feae Bernhauer, M. kohli Wasmann, and M. grandis Bernhauer are redescribed and illustrated, and 2 new species are described: M. camerounensis from Cameroun and Rwanda and M. katangensis from Katanga, Congo Republic. M csikii Bernhauer is synonymized under M. mirabilis. The known geographic ranges of nearly all species are extended. Field observations on the behavior of 4 species, taken together with previous observations by Patrizi (1948. Bull. 1st. Entomol. Univ. Bologna 17: 168–73), indicate that Myrmechusa is an obligate predator on driver ants, with adaptations for eluding pursuit which include excellent eyesight, extreme speed, and the emission of an odor which causes the ants to lose their sense of direction. Myrmechusa also responds to the activity level of the ant colony, avoiding situations where excitement is high and operating where the excitement level and responsiveness of the colony is low. Some species are known from a single species of host; others which are better known, from areas where more than one species of host has been studied, have been found with more than one host. All species of Myrmechusa seem to be host specific at the subgeneric level; they are all found with species of Dorylus, subgenus Anomma. Myrmechusa is very close to the genus Zyras, and hence would belong to the tribe Myrmedoniini. Its similarity to the most primitive pygostenine genus, Typhloponemys, is elaborated, and a myrmedoniine, Myrmechusa-like ancestor is postulated as having given rise to the Pygostenini.
VILD: Variational Imitation Learning with Diverse-quality Demonstrations

The goal of imitation learning (IL) is to learn a good policy from high-quality demonstrations. However, the quality of demonstrations in reality can be diverse, since it is easier and cheaper to collect demonstrations from a mix of experts and amateurs. IL in such situations can be challenging, especially when the level of demonstrators' expertise is unknown. We propose a new IL method called \underline{v}ariational \underline{i}mitation \underline{l}earning with \underline{d}iverse-quality demonstrations (VILD), where we explicitly model the level of demonstrators' expertise with a probabilistic graphical model and estimate it along with a reward function. We show that a naive approach to estimation is not suitable to large state and action spaces, and fix its issues by using a variational approach which can be easily implemented using existing reinforcement learning methods. Experiments on continuous-control benchmarks demonstrate that VILD outperforms state-of-the-art methods. Our work enables scalable and data-efficient IL under more realistic settings than before.
Lecture Notes on Leader-based Sequence Paxos - An Understandable Sequence Consensus Algorithm

Agreement among a set of processes and in the presence of partial failures is one of the fundamental problems of distributed systems. In the most general case, many decisions must be agreed upon over the lifetime of a system with dynamically changing membership. Such a sequence of decisions represents a distributed log, and can form the underlying abstraction for driving a replicated state machine. While this abstraction is at the core of many systems with strong consistency requirements, algorithms that achieve such sequence consensus are often poorly understood by developers and have presented a significant challenge to many students of distributed systems. In these lecture notes we present a complete and practical Paxos-based algorithm for reconfigurable sequence consensus in the fail-recovery model, and a clear path of simple step-by-step transformations to it from the basic Paxos algorithm.
GATCheck: A Detailed Analysis of Graph Attention Networks

Graph Attention Networks (GATs) are widely used for Representation Learning in Graphs, but there is no proper study highlighting on what tasks GATs perform better than other models and why. In this appraisal paper, we aim to improve our understanding of GATs on a variety of tasks, including link prediction, multi-class node classification, and pairwise node classification on benchmark datasets. We also perform ablation studies on the various hyperpa-rameters of GATs and try to reason about the importance of each of these in node classification and link prediction tasks. Our study offers insights into the effectiveness of GATs as compared to other techniques, and we make our code 1 public so as to facilitate future exploration.
NeoTYPE TM Analysis Discovery Profile Client 1234 Sample Hospital

Client 1234 Sample Hospital 1234 Main Street City, ST 99999 Phone: (555) 432-1234 Fax: (555) 432-4321 Patient Name: Patient, Sample Patient DOB / Sex: 01/01/1978 / F Specimen Type: Paraffin Tissue Body Site: Uterus, Colon, Omentum Specimen ID: S19-1234 MRN: Ordering Physician(s): Sample Doctor, M.D Treating Physician(s): Sample Doctor, M.D Accession / CaseNo: 1234567 / NTP19-012345 Received Date: 08/30/2019 02:48:00 PM PDT Report Date: 09/20/2019 02:27:43 PM EDT
Multilinear Latent Conditioning for Generating Unseen Attribute Combinations

Deep generative models rely on their inductive bias to facilitate generalization, especially for problems with high dimensional data, like images. However, empirical studies have shown that variational autoencoders (VAE) and generative adversarial networks (GAN) lack the generalization ability that occurs naturally in human perception. For example, humans can visualize a woman smiling after only seeing a smiling man. On the contrary, the standard conditional VAE (cVAE) is unable to generate unseen attribute combinations. To this end, we extend cVAE by introducing a multilinear latent conditioning framework that captures the multiplicative interactions between the attributes. We implement two variants of our model and demonstrate their efficacy on MNIST, Fashion-MNIST and CelebA. Altogether, we design a novel conditioning framework that can be used with any architecture to synthesize unseen attribute combinations.
Interactionof ThreeSecond-Generation Anthracyclines withPolynucleotides, RNA,DMA,and Nucleosomes1

The interaction of three second-generation anthracycline deriv atives with polynucleotides, supercoiled DNA, and calf thymus nucleosomes has been studied by terbium fluorescence mea surements and agarose gel electrophoresis. It was shown that, as expected, A/-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-valerate had little detectable effect on the fluorescence of this guanine-specific probe except for polydisperse calf thymus linear DNA fragments. The soluble analogue, N-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-'K-O-hemiadipate, did show marked effects on terbium fluorescence with all nucleic acids and nucleosomes, but the effects were generally not as striking as were those observed with the epimer, 4'-epiAdriamycin, which tended to produce a similar effect to its parent drug, Adriamycin, showing that a marked change in the hexose ring did not appreciably affect the interaction of the drug with DNA. Changes in the electrophoretic mobility of supercoiled pBR322 DNA were observed only at very high drug concentrations, much higher than those required with Adriamycin or actinomycin D. The effect was a smearing of the form I DNA and the production of some circular relaxed form II DNA. The drugs produced the effect in the following order: Adriamycin > A/-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-O-hemiadipate > epi-Adriamycin. A/-Trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-valerate had little effect, even at very high drug concentrations (1:2, drug:DNA ratios).