Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UV Radiation Induces Genome‐Mediated, Site‐Specific Cleavage in Viral Proteins

Much research has been dedicated to understanding the molecular basis of UV damage to biomolecules, yet many questions remain regarding the specific pathways involved. Here we describe a genome‐mediated mechanism that causes site‐specific virus protein cleavage upon UV irradiation. Bacteriophage MS2 was disinfected with 254 nm UV, and protein damage was characterized with ESI‐ and MALDI‐based FT‐ICR, Orbitrap, and TOF mass spectroscopy. Top‐down mass spectrometry of the products identified the backbone cleavage site as Cys46–Ser47 in the virus capsid protein, a location of viral genome–protein interaction. The presence of viral RNA was essential to inducing backbone cleavage. The similar bacteriophage GA did not exhibit site‐specific protein cleavage. Based on the major protein fragments identified by accurate mass analysis, a cleavage mechanism is proposed by radical formation. The mechanism involves initial oxidation of the Cys46 side chain followed by hydrogen atom abstraction from Ser47 Cα. Computational protein QM/MM studies confirmed the initial steps of the radical mechanism. Collectively, this study describes a rare incidence of genome‐induced protein cleavage without the addition of sensitizers.
TRADE INTERCONNECTEDNESS : THE WORLD WITH GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Evidence based on the World Input-Output Database (WIOD), which became available in May 2012, shows that global value chains (GVCs) are creating more and more of world income, including labor income. This is by no means limited to manufacturing; indeed more income is generated by exporting services within GVCs. Moreover, the fragmentation of the production process across different countries has led to a strong trade-investment nexus. Data at the individual country level indicate that being part of GVCs is associated with a higher growth rate since the mid-1990s.
Observations on the Butchering Technics of Some Aboriginal Peoples Numbers 7, 8, and 9

The Following 3 papers continue a series of brief articles on this subject appearing from time to time in American Antiquity (Vols. 17, 19). Each paper presents a group of raw data with some brief suggestions for their interpretation. All but one are the result of the study of materials recovered from archaeological sites excavated by the River Basin Surveys program of archaeological salvage in the Missouri Basin. That one (No. 6) dealt with an elk specimen from Michigan. Paper Number 1 was concerned with the analysis of the antelope bone from 2 sites in the Angostura Reservoir, South Dakota. Number 2 dealt with the bison bone from 2 earth-lodge villages sites in the Oahe Reservoir near Pierre, South Dakota. Number 3 compared the use of small and large animals as food in one site in the Garrison Reservoir, North Dakota. Number 4 was a comparison of the treatment of bison bone from 3 earth-lodge villages, 2 in Oahe Reservoir and one in Garrison Reservoir.
Personalizing news content: An experimental study

The delivery of personalized news content depends on the ability to predict user interests. We evaluated different methods for acquiring user profiles based on declared and actual interest in various news topics and items. In an experiment, 36 students rated their interest in six news topics and in specific news items and read on 6 days standard, nonpersonalized editions and personalized (basic or adaptive) news editions. We measured subjective satisfaction with the editions and expressed preferences, along with objective measures, to infer actual interest in items. Users' declared interest in news topics did not strongly predict their actual interest in specific news items. Satisfaction with all news editions was high, but participants preferred the personalized editions. User interest was weakly correlated with reading duration, article length, and reading order. Different measures predicted interest in different news topics. Explicit measures predicted interest in relatively clearly defined topics such as sports, but were less appropriate for broader topics such as science and technology. Our results indicate that explicit and implicit methods should be combined to generate user profiles. We suggest that a personalized newspaper should contain both general information and personalized items, selected based on specific combinations of measures for each of the different news topics. Based on the findings, we present a general model to decide on the personalization of news content to generate personalized editions for readers.
DEPÓSITOS DE REGULACIÓN EN CABECERA DE REDES HIDRÁULICAS A PRESIÓN

La presencia de un deposito de regulacion en un sistema de impulsion permite independizar los caudales bombeados de la variabilidad del uso del agua en la red de distribucion. De este modo el deposito se podra utilizar, ademas de como acumulacion del recurso agua, en la reduccion de los costes energeticos al poder adaptar el esquema de operacion de los grupos de bombeo al tipo de discriminacion horaria de las tarifas electricas y al poder conseguir un funcionamiento mas regular de las estaciones de bombeo en comparacion con la impulsion directa a la red de distribucion. En este trabajo, se propone una metodologia para determinar una capacidad de almacenamiento que permita elevar el agua en las horas con el coste energetico mas ventajoso y establecer una politica de bombeo para el periodo anual de funcionamiento, de forma que se minimicen los costes totales del sistema de impulsion (coste de inversion del deposito y coste del consumo de energia electrica). Se aplica el modelo desarrollado a un sistema de impulsion de una zona regable con registros historicos de demanda horaria de agua. El volumen de regulacion optimo resulta ser el 41% de la demanda maxima diaria. El regimen de funcionamiento optimo del bombeo al deposito durante la campana de riegos supone el uso exclusivo de las horas bonificadas de tarifa electrica, y solo es necesario el uso de algunas horas de coste medio en el periodo de maximas demandas de agua. La incorporacion del deposito de regulacion reduce en un 33% el coste del consumo de energia electrica y en un 12% el coste total anual en comparacion con el bombeo directo a la red hidraulica.
A TEST FOR COPE'S RULE

Cope's Rule refers to the tendency of body size to increase along an evolutionary lineage. This rule is commonly tested by comparing size differences in pairs of taxa, one of which is assumed to be ancestral to the other. It has recently been pointed out that this approach fails to account for the unknown number of speciation events separating each pair. Here, a test that does account for this degree of separation is described and applied to some published data for dinosaurs. A by‐product of the analysis is an estimate of the origination rate of dinosaur species.
Web log data mining based on association rule

As the recent advent of the internet, most of the modern firms are now geared towards using the web technology in their daily as well as strategic activities. The web mining technology provides them with unprecedented ability to analyze web log data, which are seemingly full of useful information, but often lack of important and meaningful information. This indicates the need to develop an advanced inference mechanism extracting richer implication from the web mining results. In this sense, this paper presents a new algorithm of web mining, which is aimed at enriching the interpretation of the draft results of association rule mining. The proposed algorithm in this paper was built based on apriori algorithm proposed by Agrawal and Srikant, and contains the first support, the second support and Rel-confidence, and has been extensively used for the web mining recently. Finally, with an illustrative web log database, the obtained results prove the robustness of the proposed algorithm in this paper. However, there is still space for improvement. The future work should still consist of more experiments with other web log data sets to optimize the proposed algorithms.
LMI conditions for robust stability against parametric uncertainty: A behavioral approach

This paper is concerned with robust stability analysis against parametric uncertainty from the behavioral viewpoint. In the behavioral systems theory, quadratic differential forms (QDF's) have been playing important roles in the studies of Lyapunov stability, dissipativity, LQ optimal control, etc. In this paper, we utilize QDF's to derive new LMI conditions for robust stability of a linear system against parametric uncertainty both in the case where the system is described by the kernel representation and the state equation. The present LMI conditions guarantee the existence of a parameter-dependent Lyapunov function which allows less conservative robustness analysis, while the condition can be easily checked by convex optimization.
Attentional Scene Segmentation: Integrating Depth and Motion

We present an approach to attention in active computer vision. The notion of attention plays an important role in biological vision. In recent years, and especially with the emerging interest in active vision, computer vision researchers have been increasingly concerned with attentional mechanisms as well. The basic principles behind these efforts are greatly influenced by psychophysical research. That is the case also in the work presented here, which adapts to the model of Treisman (1985, Comput. Vision Graphics Image Process. Image Understanding31, 156? 177), with an early parallel stage with preattentive cues followed by a later serial stage where the cues are integrated. The contributions in our approach are (i) the incorporation of depth information from stereopsis, (ii) the simple implementation of low level modules such as disparity and flow by local phase, and (iii) the cue integration along pursuit and saccade mode that allows us a proper target selection based on nearness and motion. We demonstrate the technique by experiments in which a moving observer selectively masks out different moving objects in real scenes.
The Basic Reproduction Number for Complex Disease Systems: Defining R0 for Tick‐Borne Infections

Characterizing the basic reproduction number, \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc} \newcommand\cyr{ \renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr} \renewcommand\sfdefault{wncyss} \renewcommand\encodingdefault{OT2} \normalfont \selectfont} \DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcyr}{\cyr} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} \landscape $$R_{0}$$ \end{document} , for many wildlife disease systems can seem a complex problem because several species are involved, because there are different epidemiological reactions to the infectious agent at different life‐history stages, or because there are multiple transmission routes. Tick‐borne diseases are an important example where all these complexities are brought together as a result of the peculiarities of the tick life cycle and the multiple transmission routes that occur. We show here that one can overcome these complexities by separating the host population into epidemiologically different types of individuals and constructing a matrix of reproduction numbers, the so‐called next‐generation matrix. Each matrix element is an expected number of infectious individuals of one type produced by a single infectious individual of a second type. The largest eigenvalue of the matrix characterizes the initial exponential growth or decline in numbers of infected individuals. Values below 1 therefore imply that the infection cannot establish. The biological interpretation closely matches that of \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc} \newcommand\cyr{ \renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr} \renewcommand\sfdefault{wncyss} \renewcommand\encodingdefault{OT2} \normalfont \selectfont} \DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcyr}{\cyr} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} \landscape $$R_{0}$$ \end{document} for disease systems with only one type of individual and where infection is directly transmitted. The parameters defining each matrix element have a clear biological meaning. We illustrate the usefulness and power of the approach with a detailed examination of tick‐borne diseases, and we use field and experimental data to parameterize the next‐generation matrix for Lyme disease and tick‐borne encephalitis. Sensitivity and elasticity analyses of the matrices, at the element and individual parameter levels, allow direct comparison of the two etiological agents. This provides further support that transmission between cofeeding ticks is critically important for the establishment of tick‐borne encephalitis.
Toward Necessity of Parametric Conditions for Monotonic Fuzzy Systems

Input-output monotonicity is an important constraint found in many application domains. A monotonic fuzzy system (MFS) is defined as a Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) system whose output is monotonically increasing or decreasing with respect to one or more inputs. This paper reviews the authors' previous work, which derived the parametric conditions for the MFS, and discusses the rationale lying behind the conditions. An MFS is developed by creating a monotonic rule base while preserving the relative monotonicity among the membership functions corresponding to the fuzzy rules. This paper also proves that the parametric conditions are necessary and sufficient to build a single-input zeroth-order MFS with two rules. Only the sufficiency of the conditions holds for a multi-input first-order or higher order TSK fuzzy system with three or more rules.
Raising plasma fatty acid concentration induces increased biogenesis of mitochondria in skeletal muscle

A number of studies have reported that a high-fat diet induces increases in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation enzymes in muscle. In contrast, in two recent studies raising plasma free fatty acids (FFA) resulted in a decrease in mitochondria. In this work, we reevaluated the effects of raising FFA on muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and capacity for fat oxidation. Rats were fed a high-fat diet and given daily injections of heparin to raise FFA. This treatment induced an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle, as evidenced by increases in mitochondrial enzymes of the fatty acid oxidation pathway, citrate cycle, and respiratory chain, with an increase in the capacity to oxidize fat, as well as an increase in mitochondrial DNA copy number. Raising FFA also resulted in an increase in binding of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) δ to the PPAR response element on the carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 promoter. We interpret our results as evidence that raising FFA induces an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle by activating PPARδ.
Using deep neural networks to estimate tongue movements from speech face motion

This study concludes a tripartite investigation into the indirect visibility of the moving tongue in human speech as reflected in co-occurring changes of the facial surface. We were in particular interested in how the shared information is distributed over the range of contributing frequencies. In the current study we examine the degree to which tongue movements during speech can be reliably estimated from face motion using artificial neural networks. We simultaneously acquired data for both movement types; tongue movements were measured with Electromagnetic Articulography (EMA), face motion with a passive marker-based motion capture system. A multiresolution analysis using wavelets provided the desired decomposition into frequency subbands. In the two earlier studies of the project we established linear and non-linear relations between lingual and facial speech motions, as predicted and compatible with previous research in auditory-visual speech. The results of the current study using a Deep Neural Network (DNN) for prediction show that a substantive amount of variance can be recovered (between 13.9 and 33.2% dependent on the speaker and tongue sensor location). Importantly, however, the recovered variance values and the root mean squared error values of the Euclidean distances between the measured and the predicted tongue trajectories are in the range of the linear estimations of our earlier study.
The efficacy of chloroquine, sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine and a combination of both for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in an area of low transmission in western Uganda

We conducted an efficacy study of chloroquine (CQ), sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine (SP) and a combination of both (SP + CQ) for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in an area of low transmission with low drug pressure. On day 3, fever clearance was 97.4% (95% CI, 86.8–99.9), 100% (95% CI, 87.2–100) and 96.6% (95% CI, 82.2–99.9) in the CQ, SP and SP + CQ groups, respectively, (P = 0.65). On day 14, clinical success was 92.5% (95% CI, 79.6–98.4), 100% (95% CI, 87.2–100) and 100% (95% CI, 88.1–100) in the CQ, SP and CQ + SP groups, respectively. Clinical failure was seen in 7.5% with 5% (95% CI, 0.61–16.9) early treatment failure and 2.5% (95% CI, 0.06–13.2) late treatment failure of cases in the CQ group and 0% in the SP and SP + CQ groups. Parasitological resistance was observed at RI level in 10% (95% CI, 2.8–23.7), 18.5% (95% CI, 6.3–38.1) and 6.9% (95% CI, 0.85–22.8) for the CQ, SP and SP + CQ, respectively (P = 0.37). There was no age‐dependent difference in clinical failure or parasitological resistance in any of the treatment groups and prior CQ use within the last 2 weeks did not affect CQ treatment outcome. The findings of this study suggest that CQ is still effective for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in this area of low transmission and SP. However, combination therapy of SP + CQ is recommended to delay the development SP resistance, and regular surveillance for emerging CQ and SP resistance is needed to plan for alternative antimalarial drug regimens.
Close encounters of the infectious kind: methods to measure social mixing behaviour

SUMMARY A central tenet of close-contact or respiratory infection epidemiology is that infection patterns within human populations are related to underlying patterns of social interaction. Until recently, few researchers had attempted to quantify potentially infectious encounters made between people. Now, however, several studies have quantified social mixing behaviour, using a variety of methods. Here, we review the methodologies employed, suggest other appropriate methods and technologies, and outline future research challenges for this rapidly advancing field of research.
Energy intake, physical activity and body weight: a simulation model

In adults, body mass (BM) and its components fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) are normally regulated at a constant level. Changes in FM and FFM are dependent on energy intake (EI) and energy expenditure (EE). The body defends itself against an imbalance between EI and EE by adjusting, within limits, the one to the other. When, at a given EI or EE, energy balance cannot be reached, FM and FFM will change, eventually resulting in an energy balance at a new value. A model is described which simulates changes in FM and FFM using EI and physical activity (PA) as input variables. EI can be set at a chosen value or calculated from dietary intake with a database on the net energy of foods. PA can be set at a chosen multiple of basal metabolic rate (BMR) or calculated from the activity budget with a database on the energy cost of activities in multiples of BMR. BMR is calculated from FFM and FM and, if necessary, FFM is calculated from BM, height, sex and age, using empirical equations. The model uses existing knowledge on the adaptation of energy expenditure (EE) to an imbalance between EI and EE, and to resulting changes in FM and FFM. Mobilization and storage of energy as FM and FFM are functions of the relative size of the deficit (EI/EE) and of the body composition. The model was validated with three recent studies measuring EE at a fixed EI during an interval with energy restriction, overfeeding and exercise training respectively. Discrepancies between observed and simulated changes in energy stores were within the measurement precision of EI, EE and body composition. Thus the consequences of a change in dietary intake or a change in physical activity on body weight and body composition can be simulated.
Model of Location-Sharing-Based Services with Privacy Guarantee

The mobile devices can perform many tasks including the processing of complex calculations, reproduction of high quality media and connection with the Internet. These tasks enable many new services to users which explore their locations in order to provide, for instance, information about the weather forecast, traffic monitoring, among others. Services which use information about location of users are called Location-Based Services (LBS). These services can also group users according to the geographical region and they are called Location-Sharing-Based Services(LSBS). The main feature of LSBS is that it explores the information from a group of users and not just from individuals, offering services based on the group position. However, with these services, users are subject to several threats to their privacy. This article presents the implementation of a model of LSBS with privacy guarantees. The model is based on levels and it guarantees not only the privacy of the group but also the privacy of each one inside the group. This guarantee is due to homomorphic encryption and privacy techniques like anonymity. Tests were performed aiming at developing this model. The results show that it is viable the use of model of LSBS in real devices.
Reverse Engineering Europe's PSI Re-use Rules -- Towards an Integrated Conceptual Framework for PSI Re-use

Despite various studies evincing the huge potential locked up in public sector information (PSI), this potential is far from being fully exploited. To a large extent, this failure is caused by the immensely complex legal labyrinth surrounding PSI re-use. This complexity works in two ways: public sector bodies do not comply with the regulatory framework and reusers do not avail themselves of the legal instruments offered, resulting in an unexploited economic potential. What makes the legal framework so complex is the transcending nature of PSI re-use, as it blends four areas of law – freedom of information law, ICT law, intellectual property law and competition law – that, throughout the years, have been regulated at a European, national and even sect oral level, but in isolation. The fundamental impact that ICT developments have on our society, subsequently also rocking the legal rules and underlying principles and axioms, makes the picture even more complicated. In this article, these legal frameworks are reverse engineered, demonstrating their interaction, culminating in a conceptual framework that allows public sector bodies and re-users (and courts where necessary) to apply and rely on the rules.
Banca de Relaciones: de la declaración de intenciones a la implantación real

En este articulo se defiende que la creacion de relaciones duraderas y mutuamente ventajosas con los clientes valiosos, o lo que es lo mismo, el desarrollo de una Banca de Relaciones, sera la unica manera de crear valor para el accionista en un sector maduro y crecientemente competitivo como el sector bancario en Espana. Para ello, se realiza el computo del "Valor en Vida" de un cliente bancario particular medio y se muestra como es posible multiplicar este valor a traves de la satisfaccion y la relacion. Asimismo, se describe el proceso de captacion, retencion y vinculacion de clientes en un Banco orientado con un enfoque relacional.