Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spring foraging resources and the behaviour of pollinating insects in fixed dune ecosystems

In temperate climates, foraging resources for pollinating insects are especially important in early spring when animals emerge from hibernation and initiate annual life cycles. One habitat, protected under EU law, which provides resources for a range of pollinating insects, but has received little research attention, is fixed (grey) dunes. Fixed dunes often contain creeping willow ( Salix repens , Salicaceae), which may be an important early season resource for obligate flower visitors. We examined the springtime activity of flower visitors in fixed dune ecosystems in relation to sugar concentration and composition in nectar, composition of essential amino acids in pollen, and floral abundance. We also investigated whether the presence or absence of S. repens influenced the abundance and species richness of three obligate flower visiting guilds (solitary bees, bumblebees and hoverflies) in eight sites along the eastern and southern coasts of Ireland. Higher insect visitation rates were observed to species whose nectar contained greater concentrations of glucose and fructose. Solitary bee visitation rates were related to % Essential Amino Acid (EAA) in pollen and floral species richness. Ulex europeaus , and S. repens were the most abundant flowering species, but visitation rates were not related to floral abundance. Higher abundances of bumblebees and hoverflies were discovered at sites where S. repens was present. This study raises further questions about the nutritional requirements and preferences of obligate flower visitors in fixed dune ecosystems in spring time. NOTE: Supporting information to this article may be found in the left menu.
Study on Incidence of Antibiotic Associated Diarrhoea in General Paediatric Ward

Received January 8, 2001 Abstract Objective: To estimate the incidence rate and risk factors of developing Antibiotic Associated Diarrhoea (AAD) in paediatric patients in hospital setting. Design: Retrospective case records review. Setting: General paediatric ward of a regional acute hospital. Methods: Within a one month study period, the case records of all newly admitted paediatric patients with antibiotics prescribed after admission are reviewed. Diarrhoea is defined as loose stools three times or more per day, or watery stool. Patients who had no feature of prior infective gastroenteritis or nosocomial infection and developed diarrhoea after administration of antibiotic will be considered to have AAD. The demographic data of the patients, the duration of diarrhoea and the stool consistency will be recorded. The different classes of antibiotics prescribed will also be reported. Results: 18 out of 171 patients (10.5%) developed AAD and all patients with AAD were less than three years of age. The majority of AAD was mild and self-limiting. The relationships between incidence of AAD and different types of antibiotic prescribed cannot be clearly determined due to small patient number. Conclusion: The impact of the problem cannot be overlooked and further large scale prospective study is warranted to determine the true incidence and risk factors of AAD.
Assessment of the enterprise marketing performance

1 Abstract Nowadays, the Ukrainian economic system is facing difficulties because of country’s integration into the world globalization processes, and crisis phenomena create uncertainty and lack of stability to entrepreneurship that results in the increase in risk of international business processes. Therefore, assessing the marketing performance of a domestic enterprise under the instability is of particular interest. This requires for quantitative and qualitative system-based and situational reasoning of its marketing development plan. The main objective of the paper is to determine the methodological approaches to assessing both the quantitative and qualitative results of an enterprise’s marketing performance. It is determined that in the current context of the national economic system, the operation of business must include the actions directed to mutually agreed economic, image-building, informational, environmental, and social goals. In this regard, the concept of marketing strategy of an enterprise’s functioning and development in a volatile environment based on the system-based and situational approach is developed, and the assessment tools to evaluate marketing strategy performance are proposed (marketing performance evaluation model based on sales revenue index; forecasting the amount of profit from participation in international business processes; plan of actions in cases of forecasting the profit from participation in inter- national business processes taking into account the effectiveness of marketing strategies realization; PSR-FM method that allows to integrate evaluation results of custom- ers’ perceptual and transactional loyalty). The approaches to assessing the effectiveness of the enterprise’s marketing strategy development allow to analyze both the marketing performance of an enterprise at large and the specific marketing initiative regardless of area of economic activity.
Predicciones mensual, estacional y anual

We are entering a new era in technological innovation and in use and integration of different sources of information for the wellbeing of society. New predictive tools that will detail weather conditions down to neighborhood and street level, and provide early warnings a month ahead, and forecasts from rainfall to energy consumption will be some of the main outcome of the research activities in weather science over the next decade, and a better understanding of small-scale processes and their inherent predictability should go together with a better comprehension of how weather related information influence decisional processes.
The Impact of the Earned Income Tax Credit and Social Policy Reforms on Work, Marriage, and Living Arrangements

This article examines the impact of the recent dramatic changes in the social policies, particularly the expansion of the EITC and Welfare reform on labor supply, marriage, and cohabitation. Altered policies have increased incentives to work or marry for some, diminished incentives for others. The results strongly indicate expanded work by single mothers and reductions of work by married mothers in accordance with their changed incentives. By contrast, estimated impacts on marriage are small and ambiguous, though modest changes in cohabitation in the predicted direction suggest that impact on family structure might become more apparent in the future.
Motor Imagery and Swallowing: Introduction to Literature and Discussion of Research needs in Dysphagia

Background: A large base of neurophysiological and neurobehavioral research supports motor imagery as an effective high-level, cognitive therapeutic strategy to enhance physical rehabilitation. One creates an imagined mental representation of a motor task without physical execution of the task. Mental practice, the repetitive rehearsal of a motor imagery task, complements physiotherapy treatment (active exercise) and has been shown to lead to increased motor learning and motor performance outcomes. Aim and main contribution: The current paper provides a review of dysphagia and exercise rehabilitation, an introduction to motor imagery and mental practice in clinical rehabilitation, a discussion of emerging research of motor imagery of swallowing and swallowing-related movements, and potential novel and exciting applications of motor imagery to dysphagia rehabilitation that warrant investigation. Conclusion: Despite an extensive research base supporting the benefit of using mental practice in addition to active exercise following neurological injury, the potential applications for dysphagia remain largely under-investigated. Given the need for evidence-based, cost-effective, and accessible clinical management, this paper discusses therapeutic applications important for preventative and rehabilitative considerations for motor imagery and encourages expanded research in the area of motor imagery and dysphagia.
Problematising Child-Headed Households: The Need for Children's Participation in Early Childhood Interventions.

There is insufficient literature and research that has problematised the use of the phenomenon of child-headed households (CHHs), that is, to find out if it is an acceptable term to use, if it is really a problem, and whether it needs solutions. Hence, the purpose of this study was to problematise the use of the term CHH, taking the theories of Freire and Foucault into consideration. This generic qualitative study consisted of a sample of 16 experts who worked with children from CHH. Data were collected through a questionnaire and individual telephonic interviews with the experts identified. The findings indicate that, for several reasons, the current use of the term CHH is acceptable and is a problem that has to be taken seriously by the relevant stakeholders. In light of the findings, the author emphasises the importance of recognising the capacity of children from CHH to actively participate in early childhood interventions geared to improve their social environments. Keywords: child; child-headed; early childhood interventions; households; problematize; rights; social justice; vulnerable children
Transcription of growth hormone mRNA as a molecular marker of egg quality in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii)

The Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) is an economically important species. Sturgeon stockassessment during fingerling production is considered to be one of the most difficult phases ofhatchery rearing. The present study investigated the expression of growth hormone (GH)mRNA in unfertilized eggs, fertilized eggs, eyed eggs (2 day before hatching), non-viable eggsand newly-hatched Siberian sturgeon. Knowledge about the expression of GH during egg andembryo development can help determine the quality of the eggs. This can help predict larvalviability and, to some extent, directly determine the growth and survival of young fish. Little isknown about the effect of this hormone on egg quality in sturgeon. The present study analyzedrelative GH mRNA expression using the 2-ΔΔCT method. Ribosomal protein L6 (RPL6)transcripts were used as the housekeeping gene for normalization of GH mRNA transcription.The highest levels of GH mRNA were found in eyed eggs and the lowest levels were detected innon-viable eggs (P< 0.05). These findings suggest GH mRNA as a potential marker for eggquality in Siberian sturgeon.
Percutaneous Liver Biopsy in Infants: A Single Center Experience

Background: Percutaneous liver biopsy (PLB) is a procedure extensively used for diagnosis or treatment assessment of hepatic disease in childhood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of US-guided PLB in infancy. Methods: Retrospective analysis of PLB performed in infants between January 2011 and December 2015 was conducted. All procedures were performed in inpatient infants, under general anaesthesia and US-guidance, with a disposable 16G x 90mm automated needle. The incidence of complications was evaluated. Postoperative coagulation studies were compared to preoperative ones. Results: Twenty-four infants (62% males; mean age: 89 days; mean weight: 5.7 kg) underwent US-guided PLB. One biopsy for each patient was performed (mean number of passes: 1.7; mean number of samples: 1.2; biopsy core mean length: 1 cm). The subcostal approach was preferred in 21 cases (87%), the intercostal in 3 (13%). Differential diagnosis included: biliary atresia (42%); glycogen storage disease (21%); total parenteral nutrition (TPN) cholestasis (12%); neonatal hepatitis (9%); follow-up for neonatal hemochromatosis post-chelation therapy 4%. In 3 patients (12%) a hepatic disease was excluded. None of the patients had minor or major complications. No deaths occurred. All biopsies provided enough liver for analysis. None of the infants had a biopsy repeated because of insufficient tissue. Conclusion: US-PLB in infants is a simple, safe and effective diagnostic tool. Experienced physicians are advocated.
A normal quotient analysis for some families of oriented four-valent graphs

We analyse the normal quotient structure of several infinite families of finite connected edge-transitive, four-valent oriented graphs. These families were singled out by Marusic and others to illustrate various different internal structures for these graphs in terms of their alternating cycles (cycles in which consecutive edges have opposite orientations). Studying the normal quotients gives fresh insights into these oriented graphs: in particular we discovered some unexpected ‘cross-overs’ between these graph families when we formed normal quotients. We determine which of these oriented graphs are ‘basic’, in the sense that their only proper normal quotients are degenerate. Moreover, we show that the three types of edge-orientations studied are the only orientations, of the underlying undirected graphs in these families, which are invariant under a group action which is both vertex-transitive and edge-transitive.
Liming Effects on Yield and Yield Components of Haricot Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties Grown in Acidic Soil at Damot Sore District, Southern Ethiopia

A field experiment was conducted at location Damot Sore in Wolaita Zone, Southern Nations Nationalities and People’s Regional State (SNNPRS) to evaluate the response of varieties haricot bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with two rates of lime ( 0 and 0.4 tha-1 CaCO3) used on acidic soils The treatments were arranged in factorial RCBD with three replications. Analysis resulted of soil samples showed that Organic carbon, Availability phosphorus, Total nitrogen and Soil pH values were very low. Application of lime resulted in significant changes on these chemical properties of the soils in the location. Availability of P and soil pH was improved due to the application of lime and maximum values of these parameters were recorded. Growth parameters, yield and yield components were significantly increased with increasing rates of liming at the location (year1&2). Maximum grain yields 1282.49 kgha-1 for Hawasa Dume at Gununo and 1079.40 1 for Omo-95 were recorded with rates of 20 kgPha-1 with lime (0.4 tha-1) at location. From the result of this study it could be conclude that liming improve soil pH, Availability phosphorus and performance of haricot bean varieties but till now there is some gap on correcting acidity of the soils and also grain yield of the varieties. So application of lime should be repeated in the coming season until soil comes to neutral and increased the production of the crops
Examining the claims of Google Scholar as a serious information source

Since its introduction in mid 2004 the Google Scholar search engine has been the subject of considerable interest within the library community and has been the subject of both excitement and criticism. While applauding its ambitious scope various writers have pointed out its shortcomings through unfavourable comparisons with the traditional scholarly databases. This article summarises the debate and then critically examines Google Scholar through a number of practical examples concluding that in terms of its coverage and functionality it outperforms traditional databases in locating a major portion of the available information.
UHECR by lightest nuclei in Nearby Universe and its parasite neutrino trace

UHECR mystery survived first Auger claims of AGN connection within a GZK (100 Mpc size) Universe. Last 2010 UHECR maps and compositions do show a much lower correlation with AGN SuperGalactic maps and with protons (the two main ingredient of that claim). The three main AUGER results that survived are: an embarrassing absence of Virgo cluster UHECR, an expected signal; a steady presence of Cen-A clustering and a remarkable signature of nuclei (not nucleon) composition. We claim that the He-like lightest nuclei may solve most of the puzzle: He UHECR cannot arrive from Virgo because light nuclei fragility and opacit y; Cen-A UHECR are spread (if He-Li-Be) as much as the observed ones; the light nuclei may fit well Auger compositio n signature as well as Hires spectra. Future multiplet of half energy UHECR must trace in tails some of UHECRa. Their secondaries GZK neutrinos will crowd not at thousand PeV, but more at tens PeV observable maybe in ICECUBE and also in horizontal tau airshowers in ARGO or by upward tau airshowers in Auger and TA fluorescence telescopes.
Testing Giano spectral stability

Giano is a high resolution (R'50,000) infrared spectrograph with a near-complete coverage of the 0.95-2.5 microns wavelengths range. It was assembled in Arcetri-INAF (Florence) and is beeing shipped to the its final destination at the TNG telescope (La Palma) We present our measurements of internal wavelength stability of Giano spectra. We are using a new approach which gives both the wavelength and field tilts. We also show the comparison with the usual mono-dimensional approach.
Study on P50 Sensory Gating in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Shanghai

Unusual reactions to auditory stimuli are often observed in autism and may relate to ineffective inhibitory modulation of sensory (P50 sensory gating). Sensory gating deficit may, however, characterize children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) reflecting imbalance of neuronal excitation/inhibition in these cohorts. We applied a paired clicks paradigm designed by American Nicolet Bravo Instrument to study P50 sensory gating in children with autism (N=39) and age-matched typically developing children (N=31). The incubation period to auditory stimuli in children with ASD was significantly longer than typically developing children. The data suggests that P50 sensory gating is deficit in children with ASD. The latency of response to the second click was not significantly reduced in children with ASD. The speed of processing auditory stimulation is slower in children with autism than typically developing children. The sensory gating P50 in the autistic children is impairment, and won’t improve with the age. The speed of processing sound stimulus in autistic children is much slower than that of control group. The speed of processing sound stimulus in autistic children will increase with the age. The sensory gating P50 in normal control is active and it is improving with the age.
Explaining Macroeconomic and Term Structure Dynamics Jointly in a Non-Linear DSGE Model

This paper shows how a standard DSGE model can be extended to reproduce the dynamics in the 10 year yield curve for the post-war US economy with a similar degree of precision as in reduced form term structure models. At the same time, we are able to reproduce the dynamics of four key macro variables almost perfectly. Our extension of a standard DSGE model is to introduce three non-stationary shocks which allow us to explain interest rates with medium and long maturities without distorting the dynamics of the macroeconomy.
Shelf-Life Extension of Nigerian Pepper (Capsicum Frutescens Linn and Capsicum Annuum Linn) Following Gamma Irradiation

The shelf-life extension of two types of Nigerian pepper (Capsicum frutescens linn and Capsicum annuum linn) was determined after gamma irradiation from a Cobalt-60 Gamma Irradiator, Model Gamma Cell 220. Capsicum frutescens linn "Atarodo, Hausa type" and "Atarodo, Ibadan local" were studied while Capsicum annuum linn "Sombo" was also studied within a period of fifty four days. The samples were irradiated with different gamma doses ranging from 0.5 - 4.0 kGy. The result obtained showed that, the shelf- life extension of Capsicum frutescens linn "Atarodo Hausa type" is forty-two days, while that of Capsicum frutescens linn "Atarodo Ibadan local" is forty eight days while the shelf-life extension of Capsicum annuum linn "Sombo" is fifty-four days. The optimum dose for the shelf-life extension of the pepper studied was 1.0 kGy. The irradiation of these food composites has clearly revealed the merits of food preservation by irradiation through considerable shelf-life extension without degrading the quality of the food irradiated.
Innovation in Mexican Micro and Small Businesses: Individual Skills and Knowledge

A way to increase the value added to micro and small businesses (MSB) is through innovation, which starts from an intellectual capital where skills, attitudes, motivations and knowledge are the key. Innovation is seen as a process that results from the formation of skills of labor, and education or training and experience that leads to individual innovation. Thus, externalities of such skills translate into successful innovation processes (generation, development or modification of products and processes). Also, in transit through the spiral of innovation, which involves one step of creativity and one of entrepreneurship, three interrelated types of human skills come into play: basic, secondary and innovative. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to describe the importance of the individualsE¼ skills and knowledge to the innovation process in Mexican MSB.
A complete closed-form solution to a tropical extremal problem

A multidimensional extremal problem in the idempotent algebra setting is considered which consists in minimizing a nonlinear functional defined on a finite-dimensional semimodule over an idempotent semifield. The problem integrates two other known problems by combining their objective functions into one general function and includes these problems as particular cases. A new solution approach is proposed based on the analysis of linear inequalities and spectral properties of matrices. The approach offers a comprehensive solution to the problem in a closed form that involves performing simple matrix and vector operations in terms of idempotent algebra and provides a basis for the development of efficient computational algorithms and their software implementation.
Age, Habitat, and Yearly Variation in the Diet of a Generalist Insectivore, the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher

ABSTRACT Characterizing avian diet is complex, especially for generalist insectivores, as food resources can vary over space and time, and individuals of different sexes and ages may consume different food. We examined diet of a generalist insectivore, the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus), at Roosevelt Lake in central Arizona from 2000 to 2004, determined from 344 fecal samples. We found that five prey categories accounted for 70% of the proportional abundance in flycatcher diet: Hymenoptera, Diptera, Cicadellidae, Coleoptera, and Formicidae, although the relative amounts of these and other taxa differed significantly among years. We detected no differences in diet between sexes of adults, but adults and nestlings differed, with higher proportions of Hymenoptera in adult samples and more Diptera in nestling samples. Using a subset of samples, we compared flycatcher diet in habitat patches dominated by native cottonwood (Populus fremontii) and willow (Salix gooddingii), exotic salt cedar (Tamarix ramosissima), or a mix of these tree species. We found that prey groups varied significantly among habitats in only one year, 2002, with Araneae, Lepidoptera, and Odonata significant indicators of native habitat, Cicadellidae and Hymenoptera significant indicators of exotic habitats, and Homoptera a significant indicator of mixed habitat. In 2002, a severe drought resulted in reduced prey base and near total reproductive failure, but we detected no major shift in the composition of adult diet during that year, suggesting that for generalists like the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher, overall insect abundance may be a more important driver of productivity than abundance of specific prey taxa.