Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Formation of Hydrogen and Formate by Ruminococcus albus

Radioisotopic growth studies with specifically labeled 14C-glucose confirmed that Ruminococcus albus, strain 7, ferments glucose mainly by the Embden-Myerhof-Parnas pathway to acetate, ethanol, formate, CO2, H2, and an unidentified product. Cell suspensions and extracts converted pyruvate to acetate, H2, CO2, and a small amount of ethanol. Formate was not produced from pyruvate and was not degraded to H2 and CO2, indicating that formate was not an intermediate in the production of H2 and CO2 from pyruvate. Cell extract and 14C-glucose growth studies showed that the H2-producing pyruvate lyase reaction is the major route of H2 and CO2 production. An active pyruvate-14CO2 exchange reaction was demonstrable with cell extracts. The 14C-glucose growth studies indicated that formate, as well as CO2, arises from the 3 and 4 carbon positions of glucose. A formate-producing pyruvate lyase system was not demonstrable either by pyruvate-14C-formate exchange or by net formate formation from pyruvate. Growth studies with unlabeled glucose and labeled 14CO2 or 14C-formate suggest that formate arises from the 3 and 4 carbon positions of glucose by an irreversible reduction of CO2. The results of the studies on the time course of formate production showed that formate production is a late function of growth, and the rate of production, as well as the total amount produced, increases as the glucose concentration available to the organism increases.
Growth and flower enhancement of Chrysanthemum indicum on inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizae and other bioinoculants

The current investigation was done under polyhouse conditions to see the effect of two dominating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ( Funneliformis mosseae and Acaulospora laevis ) along with Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens on growth and flowering of Chrysanthemum. All the growth parameters increased significantly after 120 days of inoculation over control. Among all the growth parameters, shoot height (66.2), number of flowers (6.3), phosphorus uptake both in shoot and root (0.05, 0.08) and total chlorophyll content (3.1) were recorded highest in triple inoculation of F. mosseae + A. laevis + T. viride while fresh and dry shoot weight (24.3, 3.3) and stomatal conductance was found highest (437.2, 41.7) in plants inoculated with dual combination of F. mosseae + T. viride . Leaf area was found maximum in single inoculation of F. mosseae (28.0). F. mosseae alone and in combination with T. viride enhanced some growth parameters but F. mosseae along with A. laevis and T. viride proved to be the best combination for growth and flowering of Chrysanthemum.
Effects of intermacromolecular interactions on diffusion. II. Three‐component solutions

The effect on the diffusion coefficient of nondissipative interactions between diffusing macromolecules is considered for three‐component solutions containing solvent and two species of macromolecules. The spectrum of light scattered quasielastically from a system containing two species of interacting Brownian molecules is calculated. Treatment of a dilute minimum‐salt protein solution as a three‐component system indicates a possible way of performing light scattering measurements on charged species which do not scatter light. Extension of the techniques of paper I of this series to include the effect of interspecies interactions clarifies the relation between the tracer and mutual diffusion coefficients as these have been defined by different authors. This extension also provides a criterion for phase separations in three‐component solutions.
Orthopteran insects as potential and preferred preys of the Red-footed Falcon (Falco vespertinus) in Hungary

Abstract Orthopterans play an important role in Red-footed Falcon diet, however, most studies focus only on its qualitative food composition, and less on quantitative composition and preferences of the taxa identified as prey. During the present research, an extensive orthopterological investigation was carried out in the Red-footed Falcon study area, Vásárhelyi Plain (SE-Hungary) between 2006 and 2008. Grasshoppers were sampled in their main habitats by sweep netting and pitfall trapping, and orthopterans were identified in the food remnants collected from the nests, both artificial and natural ones. 26 species were detected during the field works, 18 species from the food remnants. Altogether 32 species were identified. Prey preference values for all species for each year were calculated. More than two thirds of the identified preys were Decticus verrucivorus, and nearly 20% were Tettigonia viridissima. Other common prey species were Melanogryllus desertus, Platycleis affinis, Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, Calliptamus italicus and Gryllus campestris. Based on the prey preference analysis, the most preferred species was Decticus verrucivorus with extreme high values, and the other preferred ones, overlapping with the previous list, were Platycleis affinis, Bicolorana bicolor, Tettigonia viridissima, Calliptamus italicus and Roeseliana roeselii. These results may help in the development of Red-footed Falcon-friendly habitats through the application of habitat management favourable for the preferred prey species.
RESPIRATORY DISTRESS AS THE INITIAL MANIFESTATION OF WERDNIG-HOFFMANN DISEASE

Two infants with Werdnig-Hoffmann disease presented with respiratory distress after an initial asymptomatic interval of one to two months. In both patients the finding of bilateral eventration of the diaphragm prior to the loss of deep tendon reflexes or other evidence of muscle weakness led to surgical repair in an attempt to ameliorate the respiratory difficulty. The underlying progressive neuromuscular disease did not become apparent until 3 to 4 months of age and was confirmed in each instance by muscle biopsy and by postmortem examination. We speculate that other infants presenting early in life with fatal respiratory distress of unknown etiology may also have this unusual variant of Werdnig-Hoffmann disease.
Role of eutrophication in structuring planktonic communities in the presence of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi

Increasing evidence implicates anthropogenic activities with recently documented shifts in the abundance and seasonal distribution of gelatinous zooplankton in coastal waters. The ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi occurs in mid-Atlantic estuaries in the USA where seasonal blooms occur earlier and in greater magnitude than those studied decades ago. Large densities of adult M. leidyi exert significant predation pressure on mesozooplankton, potentially influencing microplankton abundance and composition. Field-based mesocosm experiments were conducted to examine the individual and interactive roles of ctenophore predation and nutrient loading on the microplankton community using historic and recent abundances of M. leidyi in Great South Bay, New York, USA. High (recent) abundances of M. leidyi exposed to eutrophic conditions influenced plankton community structure in a way that was distinctly different from when the processes occurred separately or under low (historic) abundances. Microplanktonic ciliates exhibited an order of magnitude increase in tanks receiving either nutrient or ctenophore amendments, but increased by 2 orders of magnitude in treatments receiving both ctenophore and nutrient additions. Furthermore, ctenophores recovered from nutrient treatments produced nearly 3 times as many eggs than those reclaimed from ctenophore-only treatments, suggesting that nutrient enrichment enhances fecundity of M. leidyi. Since ciliates are an important prey item for developing M. leidyi, the combined bottom-up and top-down influences of eutrophication and ctenophore predation, respectively, on microplankton may help explain recently documented shifts in the population dynamics of M. leidyi in mid-Atlantic estuaries.
The asymptotic theory of linear time-series models

A linear time-series model is considered to be one for which a stationary time series, which is purely non-deterministic, has the best linear predictor equal to the best predictor. A general inferential theory is constructed for such models and various estimation procedures are shown to be equivalent. The treatment is considerably more general than previous treatments. The case where the series has mean which is a linear function of very general kinds of regressor variables is also discussed and a rather general form of central limit theorem for regression is proved. The central limit results depend upon forms of the central limit theorem for martingales.
HOMOEOSIS IN DROSOPHILA. I. COMPLEMENTATION STUDIES WITH REVERTANTS OF NASOBEMIA

A number of homoeotic mutants have been localized to the proximal right arm of chromosome 3 of Drosophila melanogaster. These include seven alleles of Antennapedia (Antp), which is associated with a transformation of antennae into legs; Nasobemia (Ns), which causes the same phenotype as Antp but was considered by Gehring (1966) not to be an allele; and three genes causing a transformation of second and third legs into first legs: Extra sex comb (Scx), Polycomb (Pc), and Multiple sex comb (Msc.). The alleles of Antp and Scx share a common recessive lethal effect, and Pc maps 0.2-0.3 units to the left of Scx. —In the present investigation, rearrangements associated with the reversion of Ns suggest that its cytological location is in or just distal to salivary chromosome doublet 84B1-2. Although Ns is viable when homozygous, four of its revertants share a common recessive lethal effect. These revertants fail to complement the recessive lethality of AntpB and Scx. Furthermore, they show a complex pattern of functional interaction with Pc and with Humeral (Hu), a dominant mutation associated with a rearrangement with one breakpoint just distal to 84B1-2. Finally, analysis of a revertant of Msc indicates that Msc is also located very close to 84B1-2. It is concluded that Ns and Scx are alleles of Antp. Pc shows many functional similarities to the Antp locus, but is probably not allelic. Evidence is presented that these dominant homoeotic genes are neomorphic in nature.
Theoretical Evolution Of Extremely Metal-Poor Stars

Theoretical evolutionary sequences for stars in the mass range 0.65 to 2.5 M 0 having the extremely metal deficient compositions (X, Z) = (0.739, 10-•), (0.739, 10- 6), (0.739, 10-•), (0.9999, 10-•) have been calculated using a modified version of the Paczynski stellar-evolution code. The models have been evolved from the zero-age main sequence through the central density maximum accompanying core helium ignition. Selected models in each evolutionary sequence have been analyzed for secular and pulsational instability. The characteristics of extremely metal-poor stellar models were found to be somewhat sensitive to the heavy-element abundance even below Z =: 10-<, and low-mass stellar lifetimes from the main sequence to central helium ignition were found to be significantly shorter than values commonly assumed for galactic evolution studies. The main-sequence models of lowest mass are pulsationally unstable with fundamental periods of about 0.67 hour. These models become pulsationally stable before central hydrogen exhaustion. The most massive stellar models for each composition become pulsationally unstable at core helium ignition, with the pulsation periods for the funda mental mode lying in the range 0.3-4.0 days. Evolutionary tracks and time-constant loci are presented for each composition.
The use of dimethoate as a reference compound in laboratory acute toxicity tests on honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) 1981–1992

SUMMARYThe contact and oral acute toxicity of technical dimethoate to worker honey bees (Apis mellifera) was determined between May and October for 12 consecutive years, 1981–1992 (63 contact tests and 62 oral tests), using standard laboratory methods. The 24-h LD50 values ranged from 0.11 to 0.26 (mean 0.16) μg a.i./bee for contact toxicity, and from 0.11 to 0.33 (mean 0.18) μg a.i./bee for oral toxicity. The 48-h LD50 values were similar to the 24-h ones, indicating that there were no delayed toxic effects. There were no significant seasonal trends in contact or oral toxicity nor were there any consistent trends over the 12-year period. A comparison of British bees with a strain of New Zealand bees indicated that variability between individual colonies was greater than between the two strains. Published results from studies carried out elsewhere in the UK and in Germany are similar (LD50 values within a factor of about two of the mean values presented here). It is concluded that technical dimethoate is .
Welfare-Maximizing Price and Output with Stochastic Demand: Comment

In a comment to Gardner Brown, Jr. and M. Bruce Johnson (hereafter called B-J), Michael Visscher points out that the B-J conclusions change if the rationing system changes. In the B-J approach it is assumed that available production is allocated to those with the highest consumer's surplus. Visscher analyzes two alternatives. In the first system service is offered first to those claimants with the least willingness to pay given a limited production. In the second system it is assumed that the available production is allocated randomly between all customers willing to pay the price P. The purpose of this note is primarily to point out some unnoticed implications of Visscher's two rationing systems, but also to correct a minor error in his analysis. The notation is the same as that of Visscher.
The Yarmouth Drumlin Field, Nova Scotia, Canada

The Yarmouth drumlinized area is a relatively small field of about 150 drumlins located south and south-east of the town of Yarmouth, Nova Scotia. An analysis of the drumlin shapes indicates that in the majority of cases the stoss end is on the southern extremity of the drumlin. This would suggest that the ice moved in from the south, a concept which is contradictory to pebble lithology and fabric analysis of the till in the drumlins and surrounding ground moraine. The drumlin field is anomalous in other respects in that the drumlin density is very low compared with other fields, and granulometric analysis shows that the drumlins are composed of coarse-grained material with only minor amounts of clay. It is suggested that the drumlins were originally formed by south to south-easterly flowing ice but during a later phase of glaciation a local centre of outflow, probably short-lived, developed south of Yarmouth on the continental shelf, and the drumlins were reshaped by ice flowing toward the north prior to the disappearance of this centre. Thus this area of drumlins was presumably not affected by the later area of outflow centred on the interior upland of western Nova Scotia which was hitherto believed to account for the Yarmouth drumlins.
A Study on the Antibacterial Activity of certain Plant Extracts

Petroleum ether extract of the leaves of plants such as Acalypha indica, Achyranthes aspera, Aegle marmelos, Andrographis paniculata and Leucas aspera were screened for antibacterial activity against three selected bacteriae i.e Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus spp. The mixed plant extracts were also screened for synergistic effect against the three selected bacteriae. Among the five individual plants tested a higher degree of antibacterial effect was exhibited by the leaves of A. marmelos, L. aspera, and A. paniculata. E.coli was susceptible to the extracts of all the five individual plants. The zone of inhibition was higher when the plates were incubated for 48h than for 24h. Among the mixtures of extracts tested, higher synergistic efficacy was observed in the mixtures of A. marmelos + A. paniculata, A. marmelos + L. aspera and A. marmelos + A. indica at 24h and 48h against E.coli.
Indigenous knowledge and practices for the sustainable management of Ifugao forests in Cordillera, Philippines

ABSTRACT In the Philippines, many indigenous peoples such as the Ifugaos in Cordillera Mountains have continued to thrive in their relatively remote yet self-sufficient communities. Notwithstanding the transformations of many indigenous knowledge systems, practices that help promote forest sustainability have remained intact. This article aims to identify and describe key indigenous practices in the woodlot and watersheds collectively known as muyong in Ifugao communities. Data were obtained through focus group discussions and key informant interviews with selected local farmers in Kiangan and Hungduan municipalities in Ifugao province. The recognition of the mutual connections between forests and rice terraces as a traditional belief is deeply ingrained in the heart and mind of Ifugaos. This tradition promotes sustainable forest management as expressed in their respect to customary laws pertaining to land rights, adoption of upland cultivation practices following soil and water conservation principles, stand management to promote ample supply of wood and fuel wood, and biodiversity protection. However, these knowledge systems are slowly disappearing due to the changing needs and interests of the indigenous peoples as well as the proliferation of government programmes to modernize farming technologies. Hence, the government, NGOs and other concerned stakeholders need to continuously support programmes in order to protect the aesthetic and traditional value of the Ifugao landscapes. EDITED BY John Parrotta
Minimization of Age-of-Information in Remote Sensing with Energy Harvesting

In this paper, minimization of time-averaged age-of-information (AoI) in an energy harvesting (EH) source equipped remote sensing setting is considered. The EH source opportunistically samples one or multiple processes over discrete time instants, and sends the status updates to a sink node over a time-varying wireless link. At any discrete time instant, the EH node decides whether to probe the link quality using its stored energy, and further decides whether to sample a process and communicate the data based on the channel probe outcome. The trade-off is between the freshness of information available at the sink node and the available energy at the energy buffer of the source node. To this end, an infinite horizon Markov decision process theory is used to formulate the problem of minimization of time-averaged expected AoI for a single energy harvesting source node. The following two scenarios are considered: (i) single process with channel state information at transmitter (CSIT), (ii) multiple processes with CSIT. In each scenario, for probed channel state, the optimal source node sampling policy is shown to be a threshold policy involving the instantaneous age of the process(es), the available energy in the buffer and the instantaneous channel quality as the decision variables. Finally, numerical results are provided to demonstrate the policy structures and trade-offs.
On Non Asymptotic Expansion of the MME in the Case of Poisson Observations.

The problem of parameter estimation by observations of inhomogeneous Poisson processes is considered. The method of moments estimator is studied and its stochastic expansion is obtained. This stochastic expansion is then used to obtain the expansion of the moments of this estimator and the expansion of the distribution function. The stochastic expansion, expansion of the moments and the expansion of distribution function are non asymptotic in nature. Several examples are considered.
Response Selection for Multi-Party Conversations with Dynamic Topic Tracking

While participants in a multi-party multi-turn conversation simultaneously engage in multiple conversation topics, existing response selection methods are developed mainly focusing on a two-party single-conversation scenario. Hence, the prolongation and transition of conversation topics are ignored by current methods. In this work, we frame response selection as a dynamic topic tracking task to match the topic between the response and relevant conversation context. With this new formulation, we propose a novel multi-task learning framework that supports efficient encoding through large pretrained models with only two utterances at once to perform dynamic topic disentanglement and response selection. We also propose Topic-BERT an essential pretraining step to embed topic information into BERT with self-supervised learning. Experimental results on the DSTC-8 Ubuntu IRC dataset show state-of-the-art results in response selection and topic disentanglement tasks outperforming existing methods by a good margin.
Adaptive and Universal Single-gradient Algorithms for Variational Inequalities

Variational inequalities with monotone operators capture many problems of interest, notably convex optimization and convex-concave saddle point problems. Classical methods based on the MirrorProx algorithm require two operator evaluations per iteration, which is the dominant factor in the running time in many settings. Additionally, the algorithms typically require careful settings of the step sizes based on the parameters of the problems such as smoothness. In this work, we develop new algorithms addressing both of these shortcomings simultaneously. Our algorithms use a single operator evaluation per iteration and automatically adapt to problem parameters such as smoothness. We show that our algorithms are universal and simultaneously achieve the optimal convergence rates in the non-smooth, smooth, and stochastic settings.
FOSS: Multi-Person Age Estimation with Focusing on Objects and Still Seeing Surroundings

Age estimation from images can be used in many practical scenes. Most of the previous works targeted on the estimation from images in which only one face exists. Also, most of the open datasets for age estimation contain images like that. However, in some situations, age estimation in the wild and for multi-person is needed. Usually, such situations were solved by two separate models; one is a face detector model which crops facial regions and the other is an age estimation model which estimates from cropped images. In this work, we propose a method that can detect and estimate the age of multi-person with a single model which estimates age with focusing on faces and still seeing surroundings. Also, we propose a training method which enables the model to estimate multi-person well despite trained with images in which only one face is photographed. In the experiments, we evaluated our proposed method compared with the traditional approach using two separate models. As the result, the accuracy could be enhanced with our proposed method. We also adapted our proposed model to commonly used single person photographed age estimation datasets and it is proved that our method is also effective to those images and outperforms the state of the art accuracy.
Inducing Alignment Structure with Gated Graph Attention Networks for Sentence Matching

Sentence matching is a fundamental task of natural language processing with various applications. Most recent approaches adopt attention-based neural models to build word- or phrase-level alignment between two sentences. However, these models usually ignore the inherent structure within the sentences and fail to consider various dependency relationships among text units. To address these issues, this paper proposes a graph-based approach for sentence matching. First, we represent a sentence pair as a graph with several carefully design strategies. We then employ a novel gated graph attention network to encode the constructed graph for sentence matching. Experimental results demonstrate that our method substantially achieves state-of-the-art performance on two datasets across tasks of natural language and paraphrase identification. Further discussions show that our model can learn meaningful graph structure, indicating its superiority on improved interpretability.