Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unsupported or Turned Against

Social reactions to disclosures of sexual assault have significant effects on women’s postassault outcomes. The Social Reactions Questionnaire measures these reactions (as reported by survivors) and aggregates them into positive and negative scales. However, studies indicate that only some “negative” reactions have a negative valence for survivors, whereas others produce a mixed (positive and negative) valence. The current study compares a one-primary-factor model of negative reactions to a model with two primary factors that we have labeled “turning against” (TA) and “unsupportive acknowledgment” (UA). Results showed that although one primary factor was plausible, two primary factors provided a better fit to the data. To assess the discriminant validity of the two factors, we performed regressions predicting social support, psychological adjustment, and coping behaviors. Analyses supported the hypotheses that reactions of being turned against were related to social withdrawal, increased self-blame, and decreased sexual assertiveness, whereas reactions of UA were related to both adaptive and maladaptive coping. Against predictions, depression and posttraumatic stress disorder were more related to receiving UA than to receiving TA reactions. Implications for interventions and research are discussed. Importantly, almost all women (94%) in our sample received reactions that acknowledged that an assault occurred but failed to provide support, and this lack of support was associated with worse coping than even more hostile reactions such as being blamed or stigmatized. Therefore, there seems a great need for effective programs to train community members to respond to survivors with the kind of emotional and tangible support that promotes better outcomes.
Confirmation of the occurrence of the nematode parasite Lamanema chavezi Becklund, 1963 in South American camelids in New Zealand

Suspicions of the occurrence of Lamanema chavezi in New Zealand were fi rst reported when some unusual worm eggs were detected in faecal samples from llamas (Lama glama) and alpacas (Vicugna pacos) on a property in Canterbury in 2005 (McKenna 2006). Although the eggs resembled those of Nematodirus spp. , measuring 175 x 76 μm (mean of fi ve), they differed from them in being fl atter-sided and having a morula in a further stage of development than the typical eight cell-stage normally associated with freshly excreted Nematodirus spp. eggs. They also had an obvious yellowish-brown colouration atypical of eggs of members of this genus, apart, perhaps, from those of N. battus, which have been variously described as “markedly brown” (Thomas 1959) or “coffee coloured” (Jansen 1973). Similar eggs were subsequently detected in the faeces of a further fi ve llamas and alpacas from the same property.
Modelling and Control of Offshore Marine Pipeline during Pipelay

Abstract A model suited for control tasks is developed for a submerged offshore pipe during the pipelay operation. The pipe is fixed in the touchdown point at the seabed in one end and attached to a pipelay vessel in the other end. The developed model is discrete and is on the form of the robot equation with minimal coordinates. Thus the methods of controller synthesis and stability analysis can be applied directly. The model constitutes a hyper redundant system and it is shown that this system is passive. A PID-controller has been suggested. The simulation results are in agreement with the theoretical results.
Serum/ascites albumin gradient: its value as a rational approach to the differential diagnosis of ascites.

BACKGROUND The utility of differentiating ascites into 'transudate' and 'exudate' has recently been challenged. The aim of the present study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the serum/ascites albumin gradient, proposed as a new biochemical criterion for the differential diagnosis of ascites, with the markers traditionally used for the classification of peritoneal fluid into transudate and exudate. METHODS Paired ascitic fluid and serum samples from 51 patients were examined with an established method for the diagnosis of the cause of ascitic fluid collection. Included in the study were 32 patients with ascites related to portal hypertension (cirrhosis, n = 28; 'cardiac' ascites, n = 2; Budd-Chiari, n = 2) and 19 patients with ascites not related to portal hypertension (peritoneal carcinomatosis, n = 17; tuberculous peritonitis, n = I; secondary bacterial peritonitis, n = 1). Specimens were collected during an episode of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in 7 of 28 patients with cirrhosis. The serum/ascites albumin gradient was compared with ascitic fluid total protein, ascites/serum total protein ratio, ascites lactic dehydrogenase concentration, and ascites/serum lactic dehydrogenase ratio. RESULTS The diagnostic accuracy was 98% for the serum/ascites albumin gradient compared with only 52%-80% for the four other markers tested. In patients with infected ascites, diagnostic accuracy was 89% for the albumin gradient and < or = 50% for the four other markers. CONCLUSIONS The classification of ascites into transudate and exudate appears to be based on markers with low diagnostic accuracy. Differential diagnosis of ascites should be based on the serum/ascites albumin gradient, which is a reliable marker distinguishing ascites related to portal hypertension from all other causes of ascitic fluid collection, regardless of the presence of bacterial infection.
Expression of neuropeptides and other neuroendocrine markers in human phaeochromocytomas

AIMS Phaeochromocytomas may produce several neuropeptides as they are considered neuroendocrine tumours. Nevertheless, studies are scarce and no clear predictive biologic value has been stablished in the case of neuropeptides expression. METHODS We have investigated immunohistochemically the neuropeptides expression of a serie of 36 phaeochromocytomas: 25 sporadic, seven familial type MEN (multiple endocrine neoplasm) and four familial phaeochromocytomas not associated with MEN syndrome. The reactivity for neuron-specific enolase (NSE), synaptophysin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), chromogranin A, calcitonin, ACTH, somatostatin and HMB-45 was tested according to the avidin-biotin complex (ABC) method using polyclonal antibodies. RESULTS Phaeochromocytomas have a multiple synthetic activity as main neuroendocrine feature. Despite phaeochromocytoma tumour cells heterogeneity chromogranin and synaptophysin are the most common neuropeptides synthesised, as they are associated with the presence of neuroendocrine storage granules. We find a statistically significant higher synthesis of corticotrophin hormone in familial phaeochromocytomas than in sporadic forms, on the contrary the synthesis of VIP is statistically associated with sporadic forms of phaeochromocytomas. We also found a direct relation of ACTH and overexpression and malignant tumours and a positive relationship between NSE and benign forms of phaeochromocytomas.
Mepolizumab-based therapy in asthma: an update

Purpose of reviewThere is considerable evidence that implicates eosinophils as important effector cells in the inflammation characteristic of eosinophilic asthma. IL-5 is central to eosinophil maturation and release from the bone marrow, their subsequent accumulation, activation and persistence in the tissues. IL-5 therefore represents an attractive target to prevent or blunt eosinophil-mediated inflammation resulting in the development of humanized anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody such as mepolizumab. This review is an update of the evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of mepolizumab treatment of patients with asthma. Recent findingsAlthough early clinical trials with mepolizumab in patients with asthma gave disappointing clinical outcomes, it is becoming apparent that significant clinical effects with this biologic are more likely in carefully selected patient populations that take the eosinophilic asthma phenotype into account. A number of recent studies have reported significant effects by mepolizumab on reductions in exacerbations together with a significant glucocorticoid-sparing effect. SummaryMepolizumab is a potentially important and well tolerated therapy in carefully selected populations of patients with asthma.
On-site three dimensional force sensing capability in a laparoscopic grasper

Advancements in robotics have led to significant improvements in robot‐assisted minimally invasive surgery. This paper describes our design of an automated laparoscopic grasper with tri‐directional force measurement capability at the grasping jaws. The laparoscopic tool can measure normal, lateral, and longitudinal grasping forces while grasping soft tissue. Additionally, the tool can also be used to measure the tissue probing forces. Initial testing of the prototype has shown its ability to accurately characterize artificial tissue samples of varying stiffness and accurately measure the probing forces.
New insights in the management of patients with hairy cell leukemia

Purpose of review Although hairy cell leukemia (HCL) was identified in 1958 by Bouroncle and colleagues, HCL remains in 2015 a mysterious disease. Accurate diagnosis of HCL relies on the recognition of hairy cells by morphology and flow cytometry in blood and/or bone marrow. However, there are cases difficult to diagnose, particularly in variants of HCL. Furthermore, some diseases such as splenic diffuse red pulp small B-cell lymphoma are very close to HCL and may be misdiagnosed. Major advances in the management of patients who have HCL have been made following the use of purine nucleoside analogs. However, new treatment options can be available in relapsed/refractory HCL: monoclonal antibody therapy, BRAF inhibitors, or immunotoxins. Recent findings The presence of the BRAFV600E mutation was recently identified in most cases of HCL and its absence in variants of HCL and in other B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders. The precise cellular origin of HCL remains elusive but BRAF mutations were detected in hematopoietic stem cells of patients with HCL. Assessment for minimal residual disease is important in clinical trials. Minimal residual disease detection can clearly predict inferior long-term outcomes or early relapses in patients with HCL. Recent reports have shown that inhibition of BRAF kinase by drugs such as vemurafenib is effective in relapsed/refractory HCL. Immunotoxins offer new opportunities even in patients without BRAF mutations. Summary All these findings have major implications for diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of HCL and variant forms of HCL.
Effect of Androgen Treatment on Fear Reactions in Ewes

The effects of prolonged androgen treatment (testosterone propionate, 10 mg/day for 56 days) on fear reactions in ewes were studied using a battery of tests previously designed and validated. These tests involved situations classically reported to induce fear in sheep: isolation from conspecifics, surprise, and presence of a human. Testosterone-treated ewes differed from controls in a number of behavioral characteristics which indicate that they are less fearful in the various test situations. Their overall scores were respectively 9.5 vs 11.5 (P < 0.05) in the isolation test, 7.9 vs 13.1 (P < 0.001) in the surprise test, and 7.8 vs 13.2 (P < 0.001) in the human test. Testosterone treatment thus clearly reduces fear reactions in ewes subjected to nonsocial situations that are typically fear-eliciting.
∆-encoding : Practical Encoded Processing

Transient and permanent errors in memory and CPUs occur with alarming frequency. Although most of these errors are masked at the hardware level or result in crashes, a non-negligible number of them leads to Silent Data Corruptions (SDCs), i.e., incorrect results of computations. Safety-critical programs require a very high level of confidence that such faults are detected and not propagated to the outside. Unfortunately, state-of-the-art fault detection techniques generally assume a limited Single Event Upset fault model, concentrating only on transient faults. We present ∆-encoding: a software-only approach to detect hardware faults with very high probability. ∆-encoding makes no assumptions on the rate and type of faults. Our approach combines AN codes and duplicated instructions to harden programs against transient and permanent hardware errors. Our evaluation shows that ∆-encoding detects 99.997% of all injected errors with performance slowdown of 2–4 times.
Fibers of calcium alginate produced by a microfluidic device and its mechanical properties

Fibers are important microstructural elements in many foods and calcium alginate fibers may find applications in the structuring of many food analogues. Fiber properties depend largely on their uniform diameter and mechanical properties. The main objective of this research is to production of fibers calcium alginate of regular diameter and to present the effect of concentrations sodium alginate [Alg] and calcium chloride [CaCl2] on the elasticity properties of calcium alginate fibers. The continuous production of calcium alginate fibers with a regular diameter is demonstrated by using a simple microfluidic device (MC). Mechanical properties of fibers were measured using a texturometer and a video camera. The concentrations [Alg] and [CaCl2] varied between 1.25 to 2.5% and 0.5 to 2.5% respectively. Results are presented as function of the tensile stress (σ max) and tensile strain (ΔL/L0) and Young’s modulus (E). For the statistical analysis of the results was used the response surface (RS) method. A mathematical model showed a relationship between mechanical properties as a function of [Alg] and [CaCl2] concentrations. As relevant results, for all [Alg] concentrations first a strengthening and then a weakening of fibers were observed. The tensile stress increased with the [CaCl2] concentration. Maximum fiber tensile stress was found for a [CaCl2] concentration around 1.4%. Opposite to previous works the tensile stress decreased for higher [CaCl2] concentrations. This behavior suggest a model, first “egg-box” sites were filled when the concentration of calcium ions increased up to a saturation point (maximum tensile ≈1.4% [CaCl2]). Then a weakness appeared at higher [CaCl2] concentration, this weakness was not reported in the literature. The tensile strain or percentage elongation at break (ΔL/L0) shown values over 100%. Thus, it is necessary to understand the interaction of cation-polysaccharide-water and to take into account the concentration of sodium alginate and calcium chloride to predict the mechanical behavior of fibers. Alginate gelling properties can be considered as a model system for more complex food materials.
Signaling in the third dimension: The peripodial epithelium in eye disc development

The eye‐antennal imaginal disc of Drosophila melanogaster has often been described as an epithelial monolayer with complex signaling events playing out in two dimensions. However, the imaginal disc actually comprises two opposing epithelia (the peripodial epithelium, or PE, and the disc proper, or DP) separated by a lumen to form a sac‐like structure. Recent studies expose complex molecular interactions between the PE and the DP, and reveal dynamic communication between the two tissues. Further findings suggest the PE makes important contributions to DP development by acting as a source of signaling molecules as well as cells. Here we summarize those findings and highlight implications for further research. Developmental Dynamics 238:2139–2148, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diversity and Composition of Sulfate-Reducing Microbial Communities Based on Genomic DNA and RNA Transcription in Production Water of High Temperature and Corrosive Oil Reservoir

Deep subsurface petroleum reservoir ecosystems harbor a high diversity of microorganisms, and microbial influenced corrosion is a major problem for the petroleum industry. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing to explore the microbial communities based on genomic 16S rDNA and metabolically active 16S rRNA analyses of production water samples with different extents of corrosion from a high-temperature oil reservoir. Results showed that Desulfotignum and Roseovarius were the most abundant genera in both genomic and active bacterial communities of all the samples. Both genomic and active archaeal communities were mainly composed of Archaeoglobus and Methanolobus. Within both bacteria and archaea, the active and genomic communities were compositionally distinct from one another across the different oil wells (bacteria p = 0.002; archaea p = 0.01). In addition, the sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRMs) were specifically assessed by Sanger sequencing of functional genes aprA and dsrA encoding the enzymes adenosine-5′-phosphosulfate reductase and dissimilatory sulfite reductase, respectively. Functional gene analysis indicated that potentially active Archaeoglobus, Desulfotignum, Desulfovibrio, and Thermodesulforhabdus were frequently detected, with Archaeoglobus as the most abundant and active sulfate-reducing group. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that the SRM communities in petroleum reservoir system were closely related to pH of the production water and sulfate concentration. This study highlights the importance of distinguishing the metabolically active microorganisms from the genomic community and extends our knowledge on the active SRM communities in corrosive petroleum reservoirs.
Cost-Sensitive Reinforcement Learning for Adaptive Classification and Control

Stadard reinforcement learning methods assume they can identify each state distinctly before making an action decision. In reality, a robot agent only has a limited sensing capability and identifying each state by extensive sensing can be time consuming. This paper describes an approach that learns active perception strategies in reinforcement learning and considers sensing costs explicitly. The approach integrates cost-sensitive learning with reinforcement learning to learn an efficient internal state representation and a decision policy simultaneously in a finite, deterministic environment. It not only maximizes the long-term discounted reward per action but also reduces the average sensing cost per state. The initial experimental results in a simulated robot navigation domain are encouraging.
Gate Voltage Pattern Analyze for Short-Circuit Protection in IGBT Inverters

For the motor drive applications, short circuit protection is necessary to guarantee safety of all motor drive systems. This paper presents a new scheme for short circuit protection of IGBT by the gate voltage pattern analyzer (GVPA), which operates under the fault conditions such as hard switching fault (HSF) and fault under load (FUL). It has some functions such as short circuit detection through pattern recognition of IGBT gate voltage, gate voltage clamping for the reduction of short circuit current and soft off for the reduction of surge voltage. Moreover, it can be used to be integrated as one gate drive integrated circuit (IC) or high voltage integrated circuit (HVIC) because GVPA supplements logic and low voltage components. This paper provides simulated and actual experimental result of a new scheme under fault conditions.
High efficiency quasi-parallel Voltage Regulators

High efficiency voltage regulators (VR) are desired for battery life extension and energy saving. In this paper, a novel quasi-parallel VR architecture is proposed. Its working principle and small signal model are illustrated in detail. The proposed VR takes advantage of the high-efficiency, fast-transient unregulated converter and relies on it to deliver most of the output power, while uses low power Buck type converter to achieve voltage regulation. The simulation and preliminary experimental results demonstrate that the proposed VR can achieve 4%-5% higher efficiency than state-of-the-art multi-phase buck VR and it can eliminate all the output bulk capacitors with 600k Hz switching frequency.
Reliable scale-up of membrane protein over-expression by bacterial auto-induction: From microwell plates to pilot scale fermentations

The production of well-ordered crystals of membrane proteins for structural investigation by X-ray diffraction typically requires extensive crystallization trials and may involve the screening of multiple detergents, lipids and other additives. Purification of sufficient amounts of protein for such trials is hampered by the fact that even when over-expressed, membrane proteins represent only a small percentage of the total protein content of bacteria. Fermentation-scale cultures of cells are therefore usually required. To maximize the efficiency and reduce the cost of such cultures, in the UK Membrane Protein Structure Initiative we have systematically investigated the use of auto-induction as an alternative to induction of expression with isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside. We report here the benefits of first optimizing expression on a multiwell plate scale by systematically varying the concentrations of glucose, glycerol, lactose and succinate present in the auto-induction medium. For subsequent scale-up, comparison of isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside induction in shake-flasks with auto-induction in shake-flasks and in 1L fermenters without and with control of pH and aeration revealed that highest yields of target protein were obtained using the latter culture conditions. However, analysis of the time-course of expression highlighted the importance of choosing the correct time for harvest. The high yields of target protein that can be obtained in a single batch by auto-induction, performed on a 30 l scale in a fermenter, obviate batch-to-batch variations that can add an unwanted variable to crystallization screening experiments. The approach described should therefore be of great utility for membrane protein production for structural studies.
Performance Analysis and Improvement of Storage Virtualization in an OS-Online System

An OS-online system called TransCom is based on a virtual storage system that supports heterogeneous services of the operating system and applications online. In TransCom, OS and software which run in the client are stored on the centralized servers, while computing tasks are carried out by the clients, so the server is the bottleneck of the system performance. This paper firstly analyzes the characteristics of its real usage workload and builds a queuing model to locate the system bottlenecks. According to the study, the disk is the primary bottleneck, so an optimal two-level cache arrangement policy is developed on both the server and the client, which aims to avoid most of the server disk accesses. LRU algorithm is used in the client-side cache. A cache management algorithm called Frequency-based Multi-Priority Queues (FMPQ) proposed in this paper is used in the server-side cache. Experiment results show that the appropriate cache arrangement can significantly improve the capability of the TransCom server.
Lignes directrices pour de meilleures pratiques en matière de réduction de limpact de lexploitation forestière commerciale sur les grands singes en Afrique centrale

Les chances de conserver ces grands singes en danger seront considerablement ameliorees si les compagnies forestieres sont pretes a apporter quelques amenagements a leur politique de gestion des concessions forestieres. Les presentes lignes directrices contiennent des recommandations precises pour reduire l'impact de l'exploitation forestiere commerciale sur les grands singes sauvages, beaucoup de ces recommandations pouvant etre appliquees dans un cadre d'exploitation durable, a impact reduit et avec peu, voire pas, de frais additionnels. Il y aura aussi des retombees positives pour les compagnies forestieres qui mettront rapidement en uvre ces mesures car elles seront reconnues comme des producteurs de bois « amis des grands singes ».