Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dilemma of Corporate Action: Empirical Evidences of Bonus Issue vs. Stock Split

Corporate action is usually believed to offer some good news to the investors, particularly in case of amalgamation and mergers. In many cases, corporate actions do not involve any potential future positive benefits to the company as is the case with bonus issue and stock splits. Such types of actions of the companies could be called as fictitious corporate actions. It has been noticed by many empirical studies that the market react positively to the announcement of bonus shares and stock splits. This study analyses the reasons for the issue of bonus shares and stock splits on a sample of 165 companies which have issued bonus shares and 134 companies which have gone for stock splits during January 2000 to September 2006. An effort is also made to find the distinguishing conditions under which a company has to decide whether to issue bonus shares or to go for stock splits. Five variables have been considered for the study: rate of growth of sales and profit, beta and share price increase, and promoter stake. Effort has been made to explore whether there is any significant difference in these variables as applicable to stock split and bonus shares. The study reveals that top management of the companies decide to issue bonus shares when the investors undervalue the company while they go for stock split when the investors overvalue the company for a long time and promoters have to step in to correct these anomalies. This merely goes on to prove that capital markets are not inherently efficient even in the long run and promoters have to intervene to manage the prices of their stocks through corporate actions. This puts a question mark on the Market Efficiency Hypothesis and an effort has been made to test the ability of NSE to depict semi-strong and strong form of Market Efficiency Hypothesis. As far as policy implications are concerned, the author suggests that: Companies may resort to bonus shares issue if the rate of growth of share price lag behind the market index and the rate of growth of sales and profit is higher than the companies included in the index. In contrast, they may resort to stock split if the rate of growth of share price is higher than that of the index while the growth in sales and profit is less than the companies included in the index. One should also be cautious while applying this rationale. There are significant number of companies (negative companies) which may resort to fictitious corporate actions even if their rate of growth of sales or profit or both are negative in order to mislead the investors by resorting to false signaling.
Perineal hernia – different surgical approaches and treatment techniques. A case report

This is a case report of a 69-year-old woman who presented major perineal hernia in the scar after a surgical resection of rectal cancer (adenocarcinoma) and hysterectomy. She was repaired by an open repair using a partially absorbable anti-adhesive intraperitoneal implant which was styled to the size and contours of the minor pelvis. Symptomatic perineal herniation after surgical resections is a rare phenomenon so only several different surgical approaches and techniques of the repair have been described. This report presents an overview of different surgery techniques which depend on the size of the perineal ring as well as on whether plastic reconstruction of the fascia is needed or not. The analysis leads to the conclusion that all cases require tailored approaches and surgeons need to be prepared for conversion to a different technique even in the course of the surgery.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work Title Test Results of the LARP Nb 3 Sn Quadrupole HQ 03 a Permalink

The U.S. LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) has been developing Nb3Sn quadrupoles of increasing performance for the high-luminosity upgrade of the large hadron collider. The 120-mm aperture high-field quadrupole (HQ) models are the last step in the R&D phase supporting the development of the new IR Quadrupoles (MQXF). Three series of HQ coils were fabricated and assembled in a shell-based support structure, progressively optimizing the design and fabrication process. The final set of coils consistently applied the optimized design solutions and was assembled in the HQ03a model. This paper reports a summary of the HQ03a test results, including training, mechanical performance, field quality, and quench studies.
FUSION FOR IMAGE CLASSIFICATION

Abstract: In image classification, merging the opinion of several human experts is very important for different tasks such as the evaluation or the training . Indeed, the ground truth is rarely known before the scene imaging. We propose h ere different models in order to fuse the informations given by two or more exp rts. The considered unit for the classification, a small tile of the image, can contain o ne or more kind of the considered classes given by the experts. A second pr blem that we have to take into account, is the amount of certainty of the expert has fo r each pixel of the tile. In order to solve these problems we define five models in the context of the Dempster-Shafer Theory and in the context of the Dezert-Sm arandache Theory and we study the possible decisions with these models.
A STUDY ON ASSOCIATION OF DEPRESSION IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE PATIENTS HAVING SMOKING HABIT

Background: Depression is common in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), patients and it's progression are usually seen in patients with smoking habit. Methods: The study was designed by assessing the smoking habits of 100 patients diagnosed with COPD during their outpatient visit or during hospitalization. The depression on the study population was assessed by using Hamilton rating scale for depression(HAM-D). Result: In the present study, majority of COPD patients were ex-smokers. The results have shown that the depressive symptoms were found to be more in ex-smokers. Conclusion: Depression is common among the COPD patients. The results have concluded that patient age and smoking habit had a strong influence in the progression of COPD condition.
Binary voxel map compression based on quadtree and octree subdivision, using arbitrary and non-power-of-2 dimensions

This paper presents an approach to store binary voxel maps of arbitrary, non-power-of-2 dimensions, using 2D and 3D spatial subdivision. The two data structures used are quadtrees and octrees. The approach presented is applied on voxel maps of bone tissue that has been microCT scanned at a resolution of a few microns. Due to space requirements all source data may not be expanded to cover sizes that are a power of 2, which would greatly simplify the subdivision approach. The 2D subdivision data structure is applied on a per z-level, while the 3D subdivision is applied on the entire voxel map. Either of the two approaches compresses the initial data, although not at the same level. The 2D approach allows selective decompression of each z-layer, without processing the remaining voxel map.
Force Induced on the Brain by Heading Soccer Balls

The force induced on the brain when an athlete heads a soccer ball is in the spot light in sports medicine today. Soccer players continual use of their heads against a ball and its potential to cause longterm damage is under intense scrutiny [1]. By calculating the force upon impact, analysis and comparison with neurological data, may relate such damage to a professional’s career in soccer. From this, it could be determined whether the headgear voluntarily used by some professionals is a benefit in the long term health of their brains. In this experiment, the goal was to simply calculate the force of the ball on a player’s brain. By dropping a soccer ball vertically down onto a pig’s skull, an accelerometer collected data output as voltage di↵erences. This was then converted to acceleration such that the force could be determined. The accelerations calculated in this experiment ranged up to about 14 g.
An Analysis of Learned Helplessness: Continuous Changes in Performance, Strategy, and Achievement Cognitions Following Failure.

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champa ign Helpless children show marked performance decrements under failure, whereas mastery-oriented children often show enhanced performance. Current theories emphasize differences in the nature of the attributions following failure as determinants of response to failure. The present studies explored helpless versus mastery-oriented differences in the nature, timing, and relative frequency of a variety of achievement-r elated cognitions by continuously monitoring verbalizations following failure. The results revealed that helpless children made the expected attributions for failure to lack of ability; mastery-oriented children made surprisingly few attributions but instead engaged in self-monitori ng and selfinstructions. That is, helpless children focused on the cause of failure, whereas the mastery-oriented children focused on remedies for failure. These differences were accompanied by striking differences in strategy change under failure. The results suggest that in addition to the nature of the attribution one makes, the timing or even occurrence of attributions may be a critical individual difference.
A GSA Based Torque and LossOptimisation of an Induction Motor

This paper presents an effective multi objective optimization method for minimizing losses and maximizing torque of an Induction Motor by Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) . The objective function related to torque is considered as first objective and objective function related to losses is taken as second objective for multi objective optimization. The parameters of induction motor considering above two objectives are calculated with developed GSA. Losses and torque of an optimally designed motor is compared with the existing motor having the same rating. Simulation results are discussed to validate the proposed concept. The simulation results exhibits a better characteristics and efficient induction motor for industrial application.
An Investigation of Pixel-Based and Object-Based Image Classification in Remote Sensing

This research evaluates pixel-based and object-based image classification techniques for extracting three land-use categories (buildings, roads, and vegetation areas) from six satellite images. The performance of eight supervised machine learning classifiers with 5-fold cross validation are also compared. Experimental validation found that using 'Bagged Tree' for object-based classification algorithms provides maximum overall accuracy when tested on 10,000 objects produced by the SLIC segmentation method, and improves upon an existing RGB-based approach. Our aforementioned proposed approach takes about 12 times less total runtime than the pixel-based method, demonstrating the power of the combined approach.
Human Activity Recognition with Posture Tendency Descriptors on Action Snippets

Human activity recognition is a challenging problem in computer vision due to large resemblance across classes and variance within an individual class. A routine way to recognize human activity from 3D skeleton sequences can be divided into two tasks, discriminative features representation and temporal dynamics modeling. During the past few years, temporal pyramid is widely used for capturing temporal dynamics after extracting discriminative features from frames. However, this uninformative dividing method could destroy the geometric structure of meaningful action snippets within skeleton sequence. To resolve this problem efficiently, we propose a novel and intuitive method in this paper. First, based on a more realistic assumption that adjacent postures in action sequences are more similar and activity can be depicted with several action snippets, a dividing algorithm is designed to encode the temporal information. Second, an interpretable and discriminative descriptor named posture tendency descriptor (PTD) is constructed to represent one action snippet. Finally, multiple PTDs along the entire skeleton sequence are concatenated in a hierarchical and temporal order forming the representation of a human activity. Experimental results on three benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed approach with an off-the-shelf classification algorithm achieves highly competitive performance in comparison with the state-of-the-art approaches.
Variation in soil moisture and N availability modulates carbon and water exchange in a California grassland experiment

Variability in the magnitude and timing of precipitation is predicted to change under future climate scenarios. The primary objective of this study was to understand how variation in precipitation patterns consisting of soil moisture pulses mixed with intermittent dry down events influence ecosystem gas fluxes. We characterized the effects of precipitation amount and timing, N availability, and plant community composition on whole ecosystem and leaf gas exchange in a California annual grassland mesocosm study system that allowed precise control of soil moisture conditions. Ecosystem CO2 and fluxes increased significantly with greater precipitation and were positively correlated with soil moisture. A repeated 10 day dry down period following 11 days of variable precipitation inputs strongly depressed net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) across a range of season precipitation totals, and plant community types. Ecosystem respiration (Re), evapotranspiration (ET) and leaf level photosynthesis (Amax) showed greatest sensitivity to dry down periods in low precipitation plots. Nitrogen additions significantly increased NEE, Re and Amax, particularly as water availability was increased. These results demonstrate that N availability and intermittent periods of soil moisture deficit (across a wide range of cumulative season precipitation totals) strongly modulate ecosystem gas exchange.
Zero-dimensional perovskite-like (CH3 NH3)3 Bi2 I9 thin films for photovoltaics

We present the material methylammonium iodo bismuthate (MABI) with the chemical formula (CH3 NH 3)3 Bi2I9 for application as the active layer in a photovoltaic cell. MABI adopts a perovskite-like structure and in recent years has attracted attention as a potential lead-free alternative to the typical leadhalide perovskites, or for use as the top cell in a tandem device. We demonstrate that MABI devices can be produced in open-air conditions and with good stability, without hysteresis, and can retain almost 60% of the initial PCE over a period of nearly 2 years without encapsulation. These devices can also favorably accommodate silicon nanocrystals and exhibit an increase in photocurrent, indicating opportunities to form various MABInanocrystal hybrid devices.
Rhabdomyoblasts in Pediatric Tumors: A Review with Emphasis on their Diagnostic Utility

Rhabdomyosarcoma is a soft tissue pediatric sarcoma composed of cells which show morphological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural evidence of skeletal muscle differentiation. To date four major subtypes have been recognized: embryonal, alveolar, spindle cell/sclerosing and pleomorphic. All these subtypes are defi ned, at least in part, by the presence of rhabdomyoblasts, i.e. cells with variable shape, densely eosinophilic cytoplasm with occasional cytoplasmic cross-striations and eccentric round nuclei. It must be remembered, however, that several benign and malignant pediatric tumours other than rhabdomyosarcoma may exhibit rhabdomyoblaststic and skeletal muscle differentiation. This review focuses on the most common malignant pediatric neoplasm that may exhibit rhabdomyoblastic differentiation, with an emphasis on the most important clinicopathological and differential diagnostic considerations. Review Article
Early Warning Models for Systemic Banking Crises in Montenegro

The purpose of this research is to create an adequate early warning model for systemic banking crises in Montenegro. The probability of banking crisis occurrence is calculated using discrete dependent variable models, more precisely, estimating logit regression. Afterwards, seven simple logit regressions that individually have two explanatory variables are estimated. Adequate weights have been assigned to all seven regressions using the technique of Bayesian model averaging. The advantage of this technique is that it takes into account the model uncertainty by considering various combinations of models in order to minimize the author’s subjective judgment when determining reliable early warning indicators. The results of Bayesian model averaging largely coincide with the results of a previously estimated dynamic logit model. Indicators of credit expansion, thanks to their performances, have a dominant role in early warning models for systemic banking crises in Montenegro. The results have also shown that the Montenegrin banking system is significantly exposed to trends on the global level.
Performance Analysis of Junction Less Accumulation Mode (JAM) Bulk FinFETs Using Dual- K Spacers at 15nm Gate Length

In this proposed work, the performance of JAM FinFET with dual-κ spacers at 15nm gate length has been analyzed. The Junctionless accumulation-mode (JAM) FinFET offers advantages in terms of larger mobility, lower gate capacitances and easier processing. The improved results were obtained for the designed FinFET in terms of on state current (ION), off state leakage current (IoFF) and on current-off current ratio (ION/IoFF) as compared to JAM FinFET with only high-κ spacers. Design and simulation were performed in Cogenda TCAD 3D simulator. The off current was improved from $5.9\times 10^{-10}$ A to $1.939\times 10^{-12}$ A and ION/IoFF ratio was also improved from $1.37\times 10^{6}$ to $0.917\times 10^{7}$. Short Channel effects (SCEs) was also calculated for the designed FinFET where the Subthreshold swing (SS) was less than 100 mV/dec.
Vacuum birefringence and the x-ray polarization from black-hole accretion disks

In the next decade, x-ray polarimetry will open a new window on the high-energy Universe, as several missions that include an x-ray polarimeter are currently under development. Observations of the polarization of x-rays coming from the accretion disks of stellar-mass and supermassive black holes are among the new polarimeters' major objectives. In this paper, we show that these observations can be affected by the quantum electrodynamic (QED) effect of vacuum birefringence: after an x-ray photon is emitted from the accretion disk, its polarization changes as the photon travels through the accretion disk's magnetosphere, as a result of the vacuum becoming birefringent in presence of a magnetic field. We show that this effect can be important for black holes in the energy band of the upcoming polarimeters, and has to be taken into account in a complete model of the x-ray polarization that we expect to detect from black-hole accretion disks, both for stellar mass and for supermassive black holes. We find that, for a chaotic magnetic field in the disk, QED can significantly decrease the linear polarization fraction of edge-on photons, depending on the spin of the hole and on the strength of the magnetic field. This effect can provide, for the first time, a direct way to probe the magnetic field strength close to the innermost stable orbit of black-hole accretion disks and to study the role of magnetic fields in astrophysical accretion in general.
An efficacy study of memory training for patients with closed-head injury

Abstract Ten patients with histories of closed-head injury with persistent amnesia were given courses of memory training in list recall and face-name associations. The list-learning technique involved embedding words into high imagery stories, and the face-name association technique utilized an imagery technique in which physical features of faces were associated with names. In both cases, generalization of learning was encouraged by changing training materials over sessions. Subjects increased their ability to recall lengthy lists despite the fact that the list items were changed at each session during the last seven sessions of the 15-session training course. Learning efficiency was also increased on the face-naming procedure, as demonstrated by a significant reduction in trials needed to learn a series of eight face-name associations.
Do Investors See through Mistakes in Reported Earnings?

Abstract This study investigates whether investors see through materially misstated earnings, and whether they anticipate earnings restatements. For firms that restate at least one annual report, we find that investors are misled by mistakes in reported earnings at the time of initial earnings announcements. Investors react positively to the component of the favorable earnings surprise that will subsequently be restated, and they attach the same valuation to it as to the true earnings surprise. We also find that investors anticipate the subsequent downward restatements and start marking stock prices down several months before a restatement announcement, so that the full impact of a restatement is about three times as large as the restatement announcement effect. Indeed, we show that investors punish restating firms because the stock price gains that shareholders enjoy when firms initially announce overstated earnings are more than reversed by the time of the restatement announcement.
Mass variation in outcome to high production activity in Kamojang Geothermal Field, Indonesia: A reservoir monitoring with relative and absolute gravimetry

The Kamojang Geothermal Field (KGF) is a typical vapor dominated hydrothermal system in west Java, Indonesia. This geothermal field is the oldest exploited geothermal field in Indonesia. From 1983 to 2005, more than 160 million tons of steam has been exploited from the KGF and more than 30 million tons of condensed water and river water were injected to the reservoir system. Regarding to the electricity demand, installed capacity of KGF increased from 30 MWe to 140 MWe in 1987 and 200 MWe in 2007. Mass variation in the geothermal reservoir can be measured by using the map of the gravity changes. Gravity changes observed in the KGF between 1999 and 2005 at 51 benchmarks are interpreted in terms of a change of mass. Concerning to the production mass increase, gravity changes also observed between 1999 and 2008 at 30 benchmarks. The recent gravity measurement was conducted using absolute gravimeter in 2009 and 2010 at 12 gravity benchmarks. Mass variation in the reservoir was caused by production and injection activities. Mass variation in KGF from 1999 to 2005 is about −3.34 Mt/year while is about −3.78 Mt/year from 1999 to 2008. Another period between 2009 and 2010, mass variation decreased about −8.24 Mt. According to the history of production and injection, natural recharge to the KGF’s reservoir is estimated at about 2.77 Mt/year from 1999 to 2005 and 2.75 Mt/year from 1999 to 2008. Between 2009 and 2010, KGF has a bigger mass deficiency rate throughout 200 MWe maintain production.