Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rapid triple‐labeling method combining in situ hybridization and double immunocytochemistry

A new, rapid method is described for combining in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry to define cell populations and to map three‐dimensional movements of groups of labeled cells within developing chick embryos. The method allows fluorescently labeled cells to be followed in living embryos and subsequently detected as a permanent reaction product for detailed three‐dimensional analysis by immunocytochemistry in histological serial sections. Cell identity can be ascertained using a specific riboprobe and in situ hybridization. With this approach, the movements of two groups of cells can be mapped simultaneously (using two different fluorescent trackers and, subsequently, two different chromogens for immunocytochemistry) to analyze relative movements within an embryo, and when combined with in situ hybridization with a specific riboprobe for cell identity, allows fate mapping studies to be conducted using molecular criteria, rather than solely at morphological/positional criteria. The improved method enables the investigator to extract substantially more information from individual embryos, maximizing the results obtained from labor‐intensive fate mapping studies. Developmental Dynamics 230:309–315, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genomic Heterogeneity and O-Antigenic Diversity ofCampylobacter upsaliensis and Campylobacter helveticus Strains Isolated from Dogs and Cats in Germany

ABSTRACT A serotyping scheme based on heat-stable surface antigens was established for 101 Campylobacter upsaliensis and 10Campylobacter helveticus strains isolated from 261 dogs and 46 cats of different ages originating from two geographically distinct regions in Germany. The prevalence of C. upsaliensis varied between 27.8% in juvenile dogs (<12 months of age) and 55.4% in adult dogs (P < 0.05). Of the cats, 19.6% harbored C. upsaliensis, whereas 21.7% carried C. helveticus. Of the C. upsaliensis isolates from both host species, 93.1% belonged to five different serogroups, two of them being prevalent at rates of 47.5 and 27.7%, with different frequencies in both regions. Six (54.6%) of the C. helveticus isolates also belonged to serotypes found among C. upsaliensis strains, whereas five (45.4%) possessed an O antigen unique for C. helveticus. In contrast, a considerable degree of genomic diversity of the isolates was assessed by macrorestriction analyses with the endonucleases SmaI and XhoI, using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis as well as enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence PCR (ERIC PCR). Restriction with SmaI pointed towards the existence of clonal groups associated to some extent with serotypes, while restriction withXhoI disintegrated these groups to smaller noncoherent subgroups. Analysis of ERIC PCR profiles did not exhibit any associations with serotypes. In conclusion these data demonstrate the genomic heterogeneity among C. upsaliensis strains and indicate that the combination of SmaI restriction with serotyping is a useful tool to investigate the expansion of clonal groups of C. upsaliensis.
Racial healthcare disparities: A social psychological analysis

Around the world, members of racial/ethnic minority groups typically experience poorer health than members of racial/ethnic majority groups. The core premise of this chapter is that thoughts, feelings, and behaviours related to race and ethnicity play a critical role in healthcare disparities. Social psychological theories of the origins and consequences of these thoughts, feelings, and behaviours offer critical insights into the processes responsible for these disparities and suggest interventions to address them. We present a multilevel model that explains how societal, intrapersonal, and interpersonal factors can influence ethnic/racial health disparities. We focus our literature review, including our own research, and conceptual analysis at the intrapersonal (the race-related thoughts and feelings of minority patients and non-minority physicians) and interpersonal levels (intergroup processes that affect medical interactions between minority patients and non-minority physicians). At both levels of analysis, we use theories of social categorisation, social identity, contemporary forms of racial bias, stereotype activation, stigma, and other social psychological processes to identify and understand potential causes and processes of health and healthcare disparities. In the final section, we identify theory-based interventions that might reduce ethnic/racial disparities in health and healthcare.
Doryctopambolus Nunes & Zaldívar-Riverón (Braconidae), a new neotropical doryctine wasp genus with propodeal spines

Abstract The new Neotropical doryctine genus Doryctopambolus gen. n. is erected to contain Doryctopambolus pilcomayensis (van Achterberg & Braet, 2004), comb. n. , which was previously placed within Pambolus (Pambolinae), as well as three new species, Doryctopambolus clebschi sp. n. , Doryctopambolus dominicanus sp. n. and Doryctopambolus sarochensis sp. n. Members of this new genus are mainly characterised by the presence of at least one pair of conspicuous propodeal apico-lateral projections, which are similar to those present in all members of Pambolinae and in species of three Australasian doryctine genera. We generated DNA barcoding sequences for the three newly described species. We discuss the morphological similarity between species of the Australasian Echinodoryctes Belokobylskij, Iqbal & Austin and Doryctopambolus. A key for the described species of Doryctopambolus is provided.
Role of oxygen as a regulator of stem cell fate during the spontaneous repair of osteochondral defects

The complexity of the in vivo environment makes it is difficult to isolate the effects of specific cues on regulating cell fate during regenerative events such as osteochondral defect repair. The objective of this study was to develop a computational model to explore how joint specific environmental factors regulate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) fate during osteochondral defect repair. To this end, the spontaneous repair process within an osteochondral defect was simulated using a tissue differentiation algorithm which assumed that MSC fate was regulated by local oxygen levels and substrate stiffness. The developed model was able to predict the main stages of tissue formation observed by a number of in vivo studies. Following this, a parametric study was conducted to better understand why interventions that modulate angiogenesis dramatically impact the outcome of osteochondral defect healing. In the simulations where angiogenesis was reduced, by week 12, the subchondral plate was predicted to remain below the native tidemark, although the chondral region was composed entirely of cartilage and fibrous tissue. In the simulations where angiogenesis was increased, more robust cell proliferation and cartilage formation were observed during the first 4 weeks, however, by week 12 the subchondral plate had advanced above the native tidemark although any remaining tissue was either hypertrophic cartilage or fibrous tissue. These results suggest that osteochondral defect repair could be enhanced by interventions where angiogenesis is promoted but confined to within the subchondral region of the defect. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1026–1036, 2016.
Identification of a dichotomy in morphological predictors of rupture status between sidewall- and bifurcation-type intracranial aneurysms.

OBJECT Prediction of aneurysm rupture likelihood is clinically valuable, given that more unruptured aneurysms are being discovered incidentally with the increased use of imaging. The authors set out to evaluate the relative performance of morphological features for rupture status discrimination in the context of the divergent geometrical and hemodynamic characteristics of sidewall- and bifurcation-type aneurysms. METHODS Catheter 3D rotational angiographic images of 271 consecutive aneurysms (101 ruptured, 135 bifurcation type) were used to assess the following parameters in 3D: maximum diameter (D(max)), height, height/width ratio, aspect ratio, size ratio, nonsphericity index, and inflow angle. Univariate statistics applied to the bifurcation, sidewall, and combined (bifurcation + sidewall) sets identified significant features for inclusion in multivariate analysis yielding area under the curve (AUC) and optimal thresholds in the receiver-operating characteristic. Furthermore, a computational fluid dynamics analysis was performed to evaluate the flow and wall shear stress conditions inside sidewall and bifurcation aneurysms at different inflow angles. RESULTS The mean D(max), height, and inflow angle were significantly greater in ruptured sidewall aneurysms than in unruptured sidewall aneurysms, but showed no difference between ruptured and unruptured bifurcation lesions. There was a statistically significant difference between ruptured and unruptured aneurysms for all measured features in the combined set. Multivariate analysis identified the following: 1) nonsphericity index as the only rupture status discriminator in bifurcation lesions (AUC = 0.67); 2) height/width ratio, size ratio, and inflow angle as strong discriminators in sidewall lesions (AUC = 0.87); and 3) height/width ratio, inflow angle, and size ratio as intermediate discriminators in the combined group (AUC = 0.76). Computational fluid dynamics analysis showed that although increasing inflow angle in a sidewall model led to deeper penetration of flow, higher velocities, and higher wall shear stress inside the aneurysm dome, it produced the exact opposite results in a bifurcation model. CONCLUSIONS Retrospective morphological and hemodynamic analysis point to a dichotomy between sidewall and bifurcation aneurysms with respect to performance of shape and size parameters in identifying rupture status, suggesting the need for aneurysm type-based analyses in future studies. The current most commonly used clinical risk assessment metric, D(max), was found to be of no value in differentiating between ruptured and unruptured bifurcation aneurysms.
Scavenger receptor BI: A scavenger receptor with a mission to transport high density lipoprotein lipids

Purpose of review This review will survey recent findings on the cholesterol transport and scavenger functions of scavenger receptor BI. Although scavenger receptor BI and CD36 bind many of the same ligands, these two receptors have very specific lipid transport functions: CD36 facilitates the uptake of long chain fatty acids and SR-BI mediates the transport of cholesterol and cholesteryl ester from HDL particles. Scavenger receptor BI is a physiologically relevant HDL receptor that, along with HDL, is protective against cardiovascular disease. Its atheroprotective role has been hypothesized to be due to its function in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway. Recent findings Recent studies suggest that scavenger receptor BI function is not only crucial for cholesterol delivery to the liver but is also important for cholesterol efflux at the vessel wall. Therefore, the receptor acts at both ends of the reverse cholesterol transport pathway. In addition, it stimulates nitric oxide production in endothelial cells, which may also contribute to its positive influence on the vasculature. Lastly, the glycoprotein was cloned as a scavenger receptor and in some cases is still thought to operate in this fashion. Summary It will be interesting to follow future research on scavenger receptor BI that will delineate its functions in cholesterol transport as well as its scavenger functions. Additionally, we are only beginning to learn of the glycoprotein's effects on disease states besides atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
Deeper Insights into Different Consumer Perceptions of CSR Communication: Germany vs. United States vs. China

Research, so far, has dealt insufficiently with the different consumer perceptions of CSR communication across nationalities, in spite of the growing number of multinational companies and their increased need to implement cross-national CSR communication strategies. This paper therefore addresses this research gap by examining whether Germans, as compared with US-Americans and Chinese, assign different credibility scores and attribute different motives to a company ́s CSR communication. The results reveal that US-Americans and Chinese assign a higher degree of credibility to CSR communication and attribute other-centered motives more strongly to CSR communication than Germans. Moreover, the results confirm the role of motive attribution as a mediating variable.
Radio receiver front-end using time-based all-digital ADC (TAD)

A direct-conversion RF-receiver IC implemented in 65nm CMOS, which has an RF front-end and all-digital differential time-based analog-to-digital converter (TAD) with 4-time-interleave technique for high resolution, is presented. The RF front-end contains passive mixers using wideband gm-cells and switches. When OFDM 16QAM RF signal (input power: -45.4dBm, BW: 20MHz) of 500M, 1.5G, and 2.5GHz is demodulated, EVM is -27.8, -27.4, and -17.3dB, respectively.
Physical health care monitoring for people with serious mental illness

BACKGROUND Current guidance suggests that we should monitor the physical health of people with serious mental illness and there has been a significant financial investment over recent years to provide this. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of physical health monitoring as a means of reducing morbidity, mortality and reduction in quality of life in people with serious mental illness. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (October 2009) which is based on regular searches of CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised or quasi-randomised clinical trials focusing on physical health monitoring versus standard care or comparing i) self monitoring vs monitoring by health care professional; ii) simple vs complex monitoring; iii) specific vs non-specific checks iv) once only vs regular checks or v) comparison of different guidance. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS The authors (GT, AC, SM) independently screened search results and identified three studies as possibly fulfilling the review's criteria. On examination, however, all three were subsequently excluded. MAIN RESULTS We did not identify any randomised trials which assessed the effectiveness of physical health monitoring in people with serious mental illness. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is no evidence from randomised trials to support current guidance and practice. Guidance and practice are based on expert consensus, clinical experience and good intentions rather than high quality evidence.
Mechanical unfolding pathway and origin of mechanical stability of proteins of ubiquitin family: An investigation by steered molecular dynamics simulation

Like the muscle protein Titin, proteins of the ubiquitin family exhibit a parallel strand arrangement, but otherwise having a distinctly different fold and not involved in an obvious load‐bearing function, exhibit high resistance to mechanical unfolding. We have applied all‐atom molecular dynamics simulation technique in implicit solvent to present a deep insight into the force‐induced unfolding pathway of three proteins—ubiquitin, NEDD8, and SUMO‐2—all having almost similar structural features. Two intermediates evolve in the unfolding pathway of each of the three proteins. The first intermediate, which has already been identified in case of ubiquitin by earlier simulation results, is similar for ubiquitin and NEDD8, but different in SUMO‐2. We have found a new intermediate with β3–β4 hairpin and some residual α‐helical character; and this intermediate is common for all the three proteins. Thus, proteins of the ubiquitin family pass through a well‐defined conformation in their force‐induced unfolding pathway. Reason behind the higher mechanical stability of the proteins with parallel strand structures like Titin has also been identified. Proteins 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Individual domains of connective tissue growth factor regulate fibroblast proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation

All members of the Ctgf, Cyr61, and Nov (CCN) family share a high degree of sequence homology and conservation of structural motifs and domains. Here, we present data about a structure function analysis of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a prototypic member of the CCN family, which has been shown to be a downstream mediator of transforming growth factor‐β activities on fibroblasts. Our findings demonstrate the two domains of CTGF function to mediate two distinct biological effects. The N‐terminal domain of CTGF mediates myofibroblast differentiation and collagen synthesis. The C‐terminal domain of CTGF mediates fibroblast proliferation. These data provide a molecular basis for the divergence of CTGF actions on connective tissue cell types and suggest a model for functional analysis of all of the CCN family gene products. —Grotendorst, G. R. , Duncan, M. R. Individual domains of connective tissue growth factor regulate fibroblast proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation. —Grotendorst, G. R. , Duncan, M. R. Individual domains of connective tissue growth factor regulate fibroblast proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation. FASEB J. 19, 729–738 (2005)
Neural correlates of reactive aggression in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and comorbid disruptive behaviour disorders

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is often linked with impulsive and aggressive behaviour, indexed by high comorbidity rates between ADHD and disruptive behaviour disorders (DBD). The present study aimed to investigate underlying neural activity of reactive aggression in children with ADHD and comorbid DBD using functional neuroimaging techniques (fMRI).
Control of Nitrogen Catabolite Repression Is Not Affected by the tRNAGln-CUU Mutation, Which Results in Constitutive Pseudohyphal Growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

ABSTRACT Saccharomyces cerevisiae responds to nitrogen availability in several ways. (i) The cell is able to distinguish good nitrogen sources from poor ones through a process designated nitrogen catabolite repression (NCR). Good and poor nitrogen sources do not demonstrably affect the cell cycle other than to influence the cell’s doubling time. (ii) Nitrogen starvation promotes the initiation of sporulation and pseudohyphal growth. (iii) Nitrogen starvation strongly affects the cell cycle; nitrogen-starved cells arrest in G1. A specific allele of the SUP70/CDC65tRNAGln gene (sup70-65) has been reported to be defective in nitrogen signaling associated with pseudohyphal formation, sporulation, and NCR. Our data confirm that pseudohyphal growth occurs gratuitously in sup70-65 mutants cultured in nitrogen-rich medium at 30°C. However, we find neither any defect in NCR in thesup70-65 mutant nor any alteration in the control ofYVH1 expression, which has been previously shown to be specifically induced by nitrogen starvation.
An internet of things-based distributed intelligent system with self-optimization for controlling traffic-light intersections

The rapid increase in vehicle fleet size and consequently in traffic volume is not always followed by an increase in road space. As a result, traffic congestion occurs, especially in large urban areas. Therefore, in order to avoid traffic jams, immediate solutions have to be found. Various technologies have been used to design and develop such solutions in the past. While some developers have used classic technologies, others have integrated various emerging technologies in the systems they built in order to make roadways safer. Acting both inside the vehicle and along the roadways the new designed systems are able to inform drivers about traffic conditions and possible hazards. This paper proposes an Internet of Things-based approach to solve some of the problems that traffic congestion raises. Furthermore, this approach provides the means to monitor a set of environmental parameters, including air quality, and to raise early warnings and alarms when critical levels are reached. This approach offers a solution to increasing traffic-related pollution (which has a negative impact on the environment and on people's health), to economic losses and to other issues caused by traffic congestions. In order to reduce accident risks when various intervention vehicles enter the cross-roads, we also propose a solution based on radio frequency identification (RFID) technology.
“Forging accounting principles” in France, Germany, Japan, and China: A comparative review

This article surveys the English-language literature on the history of financial reporting regulation in four non-English-speaking countries: France, Germany, Japan, and China. The choice of these countries was based on the availability of a sizable accounting history literature in the area surveyed. We first offer a summary of regulatory events in the four countries and suggest that the literature provides ample evidence of the countries’ intricate histories of financial reporting regulation. In addition, we point to important research gaps, where we believe that the literature has significant underexploited potential, in particular by moving beyond high-level overviews of changing regulatory mechanisms to in-depth studies of regulatory change that are embedded in the local legal, political, and societal contexts. Hence, plenty of opportunities exist for further research into these countries’ regulatory histories, either in terms of single-country studies or as comparative histories.
Reactive Oxygen Species: Players in the Platelet Game

Platelets participate not only in thrombus formation but also in the regulation of vessel tone, the development of atherosclerosis, angiogenesis, and in neointima formation after vessel wall injury. It is not surprising, therefore, that the platelet activation cascade (including receptor-mediated tethering to the endothelium, rolling, firm adhesion, aggregation, and thrombus formation) is tightly regulated. In addition to already well-defined platelet regulatory factors, such as nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin (PGI2), and adenosine, reactive oxygen species (ROS) participate in the regulation of platelet activation. Although exogenously derived ROS are known to affect the regulation of platelet activation, recent data suggest that the platelets themselves generate ROS. Intracellular ROS signaling in activated platelets could be of significant relevance after transient platelet contact with the vessel wall, during the recruitment of additional platelets, and in thrombus formation. This review discusses the potential cellular and enzymatic sources of ROS in platelets, their molecular mechanisms of action in platelet activation, and summarizes in vitro and in vivo evidence for their physiological and potential therapeutic relevance.