Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crystal chemistry of the monazite and xenotime structures

Abstract Monazite and xenotime, the RE(PO4) dimorphs, are the most ubiquitous rare earth (RE) minerals, yet accurate structure studies of the natural phases have not been reported. Here we report the results of high-precision structure studies of both the natural phases and the synthetic RE(PO4) phases for all individual stable rare earth elements. Monazite is monoclinic, P21/n, and xenotime is isostructural with zircon (space group I41/amd). Both atomic arrangements are based on [001] chains of intervening phosphate tetrahedra and RE polyhedra, with a REO8 polyhedron in xenotime that accommodates the heavy lanthanides (Tb-Lu in the synthetic phases) and a REO9, polyhedron in monazite that preferentially incorporates the larger light rare earth elements (La-Gd). As the structure “transforms” from xenotime to monazite, the crystallographic properties are comparable along the [001] chains, with structural adjustments to the different sizes of RE atoms occurring principally in (001). There are distinct similarities between the structures that are evident when their atomic arrangements are projected down [001]. In that projection, the chains exist in (100) planes, with two planes per unit cell. In monazite the planes are offset by 2.2 Å along [010], relative to those in xenotime, in order to accommodate the larger light RE atoms. The shift of the planes in monazite allows the RE atom in that phase to bond to an additional O2′ atom to complete the REO9 polyhedron.
Towards Effective E-voting System for Refugees: Lessons from the Case of Palestine

Significant global challenges related to persistent economic crises, local conflicts and continuous waves of refugees being displaced from their countries of origin are affecting secure access to and completion of people’s voting rights. The relevant technological solutions appear to have matured and have successfully responded to rigorous testing, however, there are still doubts as to the success of these e-democracy solutions in complex political environments. Since the late 1940s, Palestinians have been scattered across the world thus creating particular challenges relating to the democratic process for this diaspora community. In an effort to address this issue, the Palestinian Authority has started its e-government project since 2001 but at the current time, the project has failed to deliver its objectives. This study is using a mixed method research methodology for the purpose of obtaining rich interpretive insights to understand the above-mentioned particular phenomenon, by conceptualising it as a socio-political issue. Analysis of the contextual factors affecting e-government implementation in Palestine will enhance our understanding of the underlying forces that promote or hinder e-government projects in general. In this regard, although previous studies have examined some factors related to e-government as a tool for the dissemination of governmental information, there is a need to address e-voting (as a specific e-government service) and the challenges of introducing e-democracy into the unique contextual circumstances such as those represented by the Palestinian situation. The results of this research would clarify the policy-making processes influencing e-government implementation projects in other complex contextual circumstances such as other refugee communities seeking participation in their political processes.
Trauma, Mental Health, Coping, Resilience, and Post Traumatic Growth (PG)-Palestinian Experience

Based on Lazarus and Folkman’s [1] model, coping refers to the behavioral and cognitive efforts one uses to manage the internal and external demands of a stressful situation. Coping can be classified as being either problem-focused or emotionfocused in nature. Lazarus & Folkman’s [1] stress-coping theory, in which the individual assesses both the relevance of the environmental stressor (i.e. what he or she has at stake in the encounter) and his or her coping options before deciding on coping strategies to deal with the stressor. This theory’s general emphasis on “coping,” however, could be expanded to encompass “development” or “growth. ” There are three dimensions are most commonly used to categorize coping strategies:
Survival Analysis with Change Point Hazard Functions

Hazard functions are an important component of survival analysis as they quantify the instantaneous risk of failure at a given time point. Increasing attention has been given to testing the assumption of a constant failure rate against a failure rate that changes at a single point in time. We expand the set of alternatives to allow for the consideration of multiple change-points, and propose a model selection approach using sequential testing that considers two types of models: the piecewise constant hazard model and piecewise linear hazard model. The latter model will easily accommodate the addition of covariates. These methods are data driven and allow us to estimate not only the trend in the hazard function but where those changes in trend occur. Such an analysis is valuable as it has implications in health care policy decisions. Methods, like the ones proposed in this paper, that estimate the overall survival trends for an entire population allow researchers and clinicians a better understanding of how changing medical practice affects the survival experience for a patient population. We illustrate our methods by applying them to the NIH SEER prostate and breast cancer data sets, and the NCHS birth cohort data. ∗Corresponding author’s email address: mgoodman@hsph.harvard. edu
Effects of severe water stress on partitioning of 14 C-assimilates in tomato plants

Tomato plants ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv Nikita) were grown hydroponically and subjected to severe water stress induced by addition of PEG-6000 to the nutrient solution. The PEG-treatment clearly impaired growth. Leaf photosynthesis decreased during the experiment. Moreover, the decrease in photosynthesis was associated with a decrease in dry weight of the shoot compared to the root. Also leaf area expansion, stomatal conductance and transpiration decreased. Water stress enhanced the transport of 14 C-assimilates from the source leaf to the lower parts of the plant where the assimilates were incorporated in the lower stem, the leaves below the source leaf and the roots. It was observed that 14 C was much more concentrated in the roots compared to the other plant parts.
Improved Knowledge Acquisition and Creation of Structured Knowledge for Systems Toxicology

Ever-increasing scientific literature enhances our understanding on how toxicants impact biological systems. In order to utilize this information in the growing field of systems toxicology, the published data must be transformed into a structured format suitable for knowledge modelling, reasoning, and ultimately high throughput data analysis and interpretation. Consequently, there is an increasing demand from systems toxicologists to access such knowledge in a computable format, here biological network models. The BEL Information Extraction workFlow (BELIEF) automatically extracts biological entities and causal relationships from any text resource and converts them into a formalized language, the Biological Expression Language (BEL). BEL is a machineand human-readable language that represents molecular relationships and events as semantic triples: subject–relationship–object. In addition to the automatic extraction through text mining, BELIEF also features a curation interface to verify and modify the proposed triples and benefits from BEL’s human-readability. The curation interface facilitates this curation task by providing relevant information to ensure high curation accuracy and fast processing. The resulting BEL triples are then assembled to biological network models that represent specific biological processes for a given context, e.g., organism, tissue type, disease state. These biological network models can then be verified in a crowd-based approach utilizing a collaborative web-based platform before finally sharing them through a publicly available and specialized repository. In this strategy paper, we summarize over various solutions to challenges in the knowledge-based systems toxicological assessment. Keywords-component; text mining; BEL; knowledge management; network models; curation; systems toxicology.
The strategy and current status of Brassica rapa genome project

Brassica rapa is considered an ideal candidate to act as a reference species for Brassica genomic studies. Among the three basic Brassica species, B. rapa (AA genome) has the smallest genome (529 Mbp), compared to B. nigra (BB genome, 632 Mbp) and B. oleracea (CC genome, 696 Mbp). There is also a large collection of available cultivars of B. rapa , as well as a broad array of B. rapa genomic resources available. Under international consensus, various genomic studies on B. rapa have been conducted, including the construction of a physical map based on 22.5X genome coverage, end sequencing of 146,000 BACs, sequencing of >150,000 expressed sequence tags, and successful phase 2 shotgun sequencing of 589 euchromatic region-tiling BACs based on comparative positioning with the Arabidopsis genome. These sequenced BACs mapped onto the B. rapa genome provide beginning points for genome sequencing of each chromosome. Applying this strategy, all of the 10 chromosomes of B. rapa have been assigned to the sequencing
Comparison between Salivary Cortisol Release in Rest and Training Days in Male Fitness Trainee

Background: The aim behind the current study was a comparison between salivary cortisol release in rest and training days in male fitness trainers. Methods: In such balanced crossover research, 15 healthy fitness-trained participants (with the mean age, weight and Height of 20.35 ± 1.20 years, 74.15 ± 3.20 kg and 177.30 ± 3.45 cm, respectively) who had a four-year-previous experience in fitness exercise were chosen. While performing the research, the subjects were involved in a fitness training. The protocol contained three times of fitness training in a week, which would totally be alternative days of “rest” and “exercise” in the period of training. It means that they did training on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, and rested on the other days. To ensure the validity of this study, the participants were selected randomly, in both control and experimental groups. In the meantime, the protocol for fitness exercise was made up of four sets of 15 repetitions utilizing 65% of 1 repetition maximum (1 RM). Within each testing time, saliva samples were taken once in two hours for a maximum of 16 hours. In this study, the ANOVA was followed by a Post-hoc LSD test. Also, the significance level was deemed as (P≤0.05). Results: It was shown that there was a statistically significant addition in the salivary cortisol level right away after the fitness exercise session (P ≤ 0.05). However, no statistically significant difference was observed between exercise and control days in the circadian rhythm of salivary cortisol (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The present research demonstrated that while there was a significant influence of fitness exercise on cortisol right away after exercise, no statistically significant effect has been observed on the circadian secretion of cortisol in fitness sportsmen.
Innovation policy, national innovation systems and economic performance: In search of a useful theoretical framework

Innovation policy has emerged as a new field of economic policy during the last few decades and it may be time to take stock of what is learnt and consider what the challenges for the theory and practice in this area are. The first section introduces the issue. Section 2 outlines the development of theoretical frameworks of innovation policies and considers the relationship between the assumptions underlying these frameworks and empirical evidence from innovation-surveys. Based on recent advances in innovation-systems theory, section 3 presents a synthetic framework for the analysis of innovation policy. Section 4 considers so- called “mission-oriented” innovation policies, i.e., policies aimed at solving particular social challenges. Finally, lessons and challenges for future work in this area are discussed.
Schools as Professional Learning Communities

The main objectives in building professional learning communities are to improve teachers’ professionalism and well-being, and create positive impacts on student learning. It is a question of changing the school culture. The main objective of this quantitative study was to investigate the maturity level of thirteen Finnish schools as professional learning communities from the perspectives of school culture, leadership, teaching, and professional development. The participants’ perceptions indicated a culture of collegiality, trust and commitment as common strengths at all schools. The school cultures supported professional collaboration, and the teachers had the knowledge, skills and dispositions to engage in professional collaboration. The challenges were related to structural conditions, especially the lack of collaboration time. Three school profiles were identified in the cluster analysis from the viewpoint of maturity as professional learning communities. Statistically significant differences between the three clusters were found in organizational and operational characteristics.
Badhwar - O'Neill 2014 Galactic Cosmic Ray Flux Model Description

Abstract The Badhwar-O’Neill (BON) Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) model is basedon GCR measurements from particle detectors. The model has mainlybeen used by NASA to certify microelectronic systems and the analysisof radiation health risks to astronauts in space missions. The BON14model numerically solves the Fokker-Planck di erential equation to ac-count for particle transport in the heliosphere due to di usion, convec-tion, and adiabatic deceleration under the assumption of a sphericallysymmetric heliosphere. The model also incorporates an empirical timedelay function to account for the lag of the solar activity to reach theboundary of the heliosphere. This technical paper describes the mostrecent improvements in parameter ts to the BON model (BON14). Us-ing a comprehensive measurement database, it is shown that BON14 issigni cantly improved over the previous version, BON11. Contents 1 Introduction 22 Initial parameters and data sets 32.1 Local Interstellar parameters . 32.2 Description of the LIS parameters in BON14 model . 32.3 Selection of GCR data . 63 Solar modulation 74 Comparison of the BON14 model to the data 95 Conclusions 18A The average relative di erence metrics 231
The rise of sport in the Asia-Pacific region and a social scientific journey through Asian-Pacific sport

Abstract In the first quarter of the twenty-first century, the social, political and economic significance of sports in the Asia-Pacific region has been continually on the rise. First, the prominence of Asian athletes at international sporting arenas has become more visible. Second, major global sports mega-events are frequently hosted in Asia-Pacific countries. Third, the Asian sport industry is rapidly expanding. Fourth, international labour migration is increasingly noticeable in the Asia-Pacific’s sport industry. Fifth, displaying national identity is another important aspect of Asia-Pacific sport today. With this increasing significance of sport in Asian society, this Asia-Pacific Sport and Social Science special issue aims to provide a scholarly public sphere wherein sound theoretical, contextual and critical reviews of sports in the region can be circulated. While this yearly special issue welcomes contributions from international academics whose research interests are in Asia-Pacific sport, we also encourage Asian scholars to submit their work to the journal. We are not biased in either direction but simply want to see both insiders’ and outsiders’ perspectives on sport in Asia-Pacific sport studies.
What Makes Family Members Live Apart or Together?: An Empirical Study with Japanese Panel Study of Consumers

I examine the question of what motivates family members to live apart or together, using the Japanese Panel Study of Consumers. I attempt to explain family living arrangement by two forces, dispersing and assembling. Considering family members live together to reduce their cost of living, financial wealth functions as dispersing force, while large dwelling size works the other way. Another assembling factor is care-giving. Parents see their adult daughter as a potential caregiver while daughters expect their elderly parents to give care to their children. I find that financial wealth and large dwelling function as the most important factors for family living arrangement.
Strategic Decision Making for Organizational Sustainability: The Implications of Servant Leadership and Sustainable Leadership Approaches

This conceptual paper explores the implications of servant leadership and sustainable leadership for strategic decision making by the top management of an organization. It is argued that a different type of leadership is required if effective strategic decisions are to be made in organizations striving to become more sustainable and that servant leadership and sustainable leadership approaches provide a sound basis to inform these decisions . The contributions of these two leadership approaches are explored, before considering the implications for leadership development. Particularly, the inclusion in leadership development programmes of values based leadership, and the development of integrative thinking, is discussed. DOI: 10.15458/85451.4
Pathways to Adulthood for Foster Care Adolescents: Integrating the Insights of Developmental Psychology and Social Work

The successful transition to adulthood of youths who had displayed behavioral problems during adolescence is an issue that has begun to command the attention of scientists. In order to increase our understanding of this phenomenon, it would be useful to create links between these two areas of research which, until now, have ignored each other. Recent work in developmental psychology and social work has produced knowledge that is relevant to the subject. However, because of their distinct analytical perspectives and different publication venues, the scientific community is faced with a fragmentation of expertise related to this subject. By focusing on the empirical results of studies recently conducted in these two areas, this article will try to more concretely show that current insights point to the same conclusions: 1) compared to earlier phases of development, the transition phase to adulthood is likely to be characterized by more ruptures and changes and 2) newly emerging experiences and contexts could play an important role in the redirection of life trajectories. It is necessary to not only combine information from the two areas of study but also to consider the strengths and limitations of each. We will thus aim to better understand the specific processes that occur during this phase of transition to adulthood.
A test for the detectability of vegetation on extrasolar planets: observing the terrestrial vegetation in the earthshine spectrum

The search for life on extrasolar planets can be made either indirectly by the detection of by-products of biological activity, such as oxygen and methane, or directly by "vegetation-like" spectral features. They should both be associated with detection of water, assumed to be a prerequisit for the development of life. After a review of the compared advantages and disadvantages of both approaches (artefacts, universality, etc), we focus on a test of the detectability of vegetation on Earth seen as a single dot: the detection of vegetation in the spectrum of the global Earth on the lunar surface, or Earthshine. We review the first results obtained by different groups, new ongoing observations and future plans.
Income strategies of listed and unlisted companies: an empirical study of accounting method choices

This paper explores whether the political and contracting environments for listed and unlisted companies gives rise to different wealth incentives for management to judiciously select a portfolio of accounting procedures for the firm. The analysis indicates significant differences in the method choices made by the managers of listed and unlisted firms. For the listed firms, size as a proxy for political costs is negatively related to portfolio choice, supporting the political cost hypothesis. In addition, leverage and directors' percentage ownership are positively related to portfolio choice and thus support the debt contracting cost hypothesis. In contrast, none of the contracting or political cost variables are significantly related to the choice of accounting method portfolio by unlisted firms. Overall the evidence provides some support for the positive accounting hypothesis that firms choose income strategies. INCOME STRATEGIES OF LISTED AND UNLISTED COMPANffiS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF ACCOUNTING METHOD CHOICES
Can Information Asymmetry Cause Agglomeration?

The modern literature on city formation and development, for example the New Economic Geography literature, has studied the agglomeration of agents in size or mass. We investigate agglomeration in sorting or by type of worker, that implies agglomeration in size when worker populations differ by type. This kind of agglomeration can be driven by asymmetric information in the labor market, specifically when firms do not know if a particular worker is of high or low skill. In a model with two types and two regions, workers of different skill levels are offered separating contracts in equilibrium. When mobile low skill worker population rises or there is technological change that favors high skilled workers, integration of both types of workers in the same region at equilibrium becomes unstable, whereas sorting of worker types into different regions in equilibrium remains stable. The instability of integrated equilibria results from firms, in the region to which workers are perturbed, offering attractive contracts to low skill workers when there is a mixture of workers in the region of origin.