Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Frequency of Carbapenem Resistance among Gram Negative Pathogens in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern Pakistan

Carbapenems are considered the treatment of choice for treating the multi-drug resistance Gram negative bacteria. But resistance to these antibiotics has increased worldwide thus limiting therapeutic options for clinicians. To investigate the frequency and Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of carbapenem resistance in Gram negative organisms at a tertiary care hospital in Southern Pakistan. Seven Hundred and ninety-three carbapenem resistant isolates were identified from different clinical microbiology specimens including blood, urine, pus, wound swabs, tracheal aspirate, catheter and CVP tip. All specimens were processed within 2 h of collection by standard microbiological technique. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by the modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) was used as reference guide for interpretation of results. MIC testing of imepenem and meropenem was performed on automated Phoenix TM 100. Carbapenem resistance was observed in Enterobacter cloacae (77%), Acinetobacter spp. (60%), Pseudomonas spp. (17.5%), Klebsiella spp. (6.1%), Proteus spp. (1.6%) and E. coli (1.4%) during the year 2010-2014. Trend of resistance observed was 3.2% (51/1150), 3.3% (70/2103), 5.7% (167/2917), 5.8% (172/2950) and 10.0% (333/3329) respectively indicating a rising trend during the study period. MIC testing of imipenem and meropenem was performed by Phoenix TM 100. In 2013, 97 carbapenem resistant isolates were tested for imipenem MIC of which 89 isolates showed MIC >8(Âµg/mL) while of the 58 isolates tested for meropenem MIC, 54 showed MIC >8(Âµg/mL) for meropenem. In 2014, 184carbapenem resistant isolates were tested for imipenem MIC and 176 for meropenem MIC of which 155 isolates has MIC >8(Âµg/mL) for imipenem and 144 isolates has MIC >8(Âµg/mL) for meropenem. The study shows annual increasing trend of carbepenam resistance in a tertiary care setting in Southern Pakistan thus indicating and identifying serious therapeutic and epidemiological risk of spread of carbapenem resistance. Majority of isolates showed MICs of >8(Âµg/mL) for both imipenem and meropenemin high frequency. Therefore, continuous monitoring via systemic surveillance studies are necessary to screen resistance in other settings of Pakistan.
XXIX. An account of certain receptacles of air, in birds, which communicate with the lungs, and are lodged both among the fleshy parts and in the hollow bones of those animals

The singular communications which are found to subsist, in birds, between the cavities of the lungs, and certain other cavities in the fleshy parts and in the bones, being peculiar to that tribe of animals, and having never yet been sufficiently explained, nor perhaps attended to, either by anatomists or natural historians;
New Bayesian Lasso in Tobit Quantile Regression

In this paper, we proposed a new hierarchy in Bayesian lasso through using scale mixture uniform (SMU) prior parameters in Tobit quantile regression (Tobit Q Reg) to achieve coefficients estimation and variables selection. SMU is considered a good replacement for scale mixture normal (SMN) to satisfy variable selection in Bayesian lasso (Tobit Q Reg). The Gibbs samplings are derived for all posterior distributions. The performance assessment of the method proposed versus other methods is done through simulation examples and real data.
Mechanism of Thermal Al2O3 Atomic Layer Etching Using Sequential Reactions with Sn(acac)2 and HF

Thermal Al2O3 atomic layer etching (ALE) can be performed using sequential, self-limiting reactions with tin(II) acetylacetonate (Sn(acac)2) and HF as the reactants. To understand the reaction mechanism, in situ quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements were conducted versus temperature. The mass change per cycle (MCPC) increased with temperature from −4.1 ng/(cm2 cycle) at 150 °C to −18.3 ng/(cm2 cycle) at 250 °C. Arrhenius analysis of the temperature-dependent MCPC values yielded an activation barrier for Al2O3 ALE of E = 6.6 ± 0.4 kcal/mol. The mass changes after the individual Sn(acac)2 and HF exposures also varied with temperature. The mass changes after the Sn(acac)2 exposures were consistent with more Sn(acac)2 surface reaction products remaining at lower temperatures. The mass changes after the HF exposures were consistent with more AlF3 species remaining at higher temperatures. The FTIR spectroscopic analysis observed Al2O3 etching by measuring the loss .
Evaluation of Urinary Liver-Type Fatty Acid Binding Protein As a Marker for Monitoring Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most important microvascular complications associated with type 2 diabetic patients. It is known that tubulointerstitial damage plays an important role in diabetic nephropathy . Therefore; it would potentially be beneficial if albuminuria, as a marker of glomerular damage, could be supplemented by a marker of tubular damage to provide a more complete status of the kidney injury. Liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (LFABP) is an intracellular carrier protein that is expressed in the proximal tubules in the human kidney and participates in fatty acid metabolism. The present study aimed to evaluate the relation between the u-LFABP and some biochemical parameters to find their association with the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy. The study included 60 patients were divided into 3 groups diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (�� =20/group) : group I: normoal-buminuria (ACR 300) and control subjects comprised 20 non-diabetic healthy, age-matched subjects as the control group. All of the patients underwent a standardized laboratory evaluation including fasting and postprandial serum levels of glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), kidney function, lipid profile, non- esterified fatty acids(NEFA)and serum and urinary levels of Liver-type Fatty Acid Binding Protein (L-FABP). Our results revealed that UL-FABP levels were significantly higher in group I versus the control group and significantly increased according to the severity of diabetic nephropathy. Urinary L-FABP levels showed positive significant correlation with triglycerides and HDL-C, N-EFA and ACR and a negative significant correlation with age, duration of diabetes, HbA1c, serum creatinine, LDL-C. , serum total cholesterol and systolic and diastolic blood. Urinary L-FABP provides a suitable biomarker for the early detection and monitoring of progression of diabetic nephropathy in
A Case of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in Two Brothers

Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis is accepted as an important risk factor for developing lymphocytosis familial chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) but does not meet the criteria for B-cell lymphoproliferative disease, and patients with <5,000 (but not 0) CLL-phenotype B-cell lymphocytes per mm3. Individuals with lymphocytosis who have relatives diagnosed with CLL should undergo flow cytometry for early diagnosis. In our study, a 56-year-old patient’s brother had been early diagnosed with CLL and with lymphocytosis, and the patient was diagnosed with class 1-2 CLL after 2 years. We emphasize that individuals having a family history of CLL should be closely monitored.
RHEEM: Enabling Cross-Platform Data Processing - May The Big Data Be With You! -

Solving business problems increasingly requires going beyond the limits of a single data processing platform (platform for short), such as Hadoop or a DBMS. As a result, organizations typically perform tedious and costly tasks to juggle their code and data across different platforms. Addressing this pain and achieving automatic cross-platform data processing is quite challenging: finding the most efficient platform for a given task requires quite good expertise for all the available platforms. We present R heem , a general-purpose cross-platform data processing system that decouples applications from the underlying platforms. It not only determines the best platform to run an incoming task, but also splits the task into subtasks and assigns each subtask to a specific platform to minimize the overall cost (e.g., runtime or monetary cost). It features (i) an interface to easily compose data analytic tasks; (ii) a novel cost-based optimizer able to find the most efficient platform in almost all cases; and (iii) an executor to efficiently orchestrate tasks over different platforms. As a result, it allows users to focus on the business logic of their applications rather than on the mechanics of how to compose and execute them. Using different real-world applications with R heem , we demonstrate how cross-platform data processing can accelerate performance by more than one order of magnitude compared to single-platform data processing.
Impact of nutritional factors on feather pecking behaviour of laying hens in non-cage housing systems

The expected bans on battery cages (EU) and beak trimming (e.g. The Netherlands) may cause an increased risk of feather pecking and cannibalism in layers. Many factors influence feather pecking behaviour, but in this review we will focus on nutritional factors. Dietary deficiencies, resulting in inaccurate delivery of nutrients, may increase feather pecking behaviour and cannibalism. Severe feather pecking has been demonstrated in birds that were fed too low mineral levels, protein levels or amino acid levels (methionine, arginine). Feeding high-NSP diets, low energy diets, or roughages reduced feather pecking. Providing additional grain or straw in the litter during rearing could result in lower levels of feather pecking behaviour in adult stages. Nutritional factors seem to reduce feather pecking behaviour in laying hens if these factors increase the time related to foraging, feed intake and satisfying. Laying hens may spend more time on these behaviours when they are fed 1) mash diets in stead of crumbles or pellets, 2) low energy diets, 3) high (in-)soluble fibre diets or 4) roughages. This paper gives an overview of the relationships between the occurrence of feather pecking behaviour and nutritional factors, such as diet composition and feeding strategies in laying hens.
Comparison of Continuous and Intermittent Feeding Methods in Low Birth Weight Infants

Objective About 1 % of infants are of very low birth weight. However, they comprise about 50% of infant mortality. We compare the effects of continuous versus intermittent feeding on physical growth, gastrointestinal tolerance and macronutrient retention in low birth weight infants (Methods A prospective randomized trial clinical trial was performed from 2004-2005. Very low birth weight neonates (n=73) stratified by birth weight were randomly assigned to either the continuous (24- hour) pump group (n=37) or intermittent (every 2 hours) nasogastric tube feeding group (n=35). Weight was measured and recorded on the 3rd , 7th , 10th ,13th ,16th ,19th ,22nd day and at discharge. Data was analyzed via SPSS software, t-student and chi-square tests. Results There were no significant differences in birth weight, gestational age, first feeding age and weight at beginning study. Of the 73 neonates, 61 neonates were discharged from hospital, 11 neonates died and one of them dropped out of the study because of early discharge. There were no significant differences in weight gaining, feeding tolerance, discharge weight (p=0.33) or severity of respiratory distress between the groups. Conclusion This study showed that there were no differences in infant growth relative to the type of feeding.
Communicating the Algorithmic Self to Users

When you watch a movie on Netflix, look at an ad on a website, or click on a recommended products on Amazon, you consume this recommended information generated based on your algorithmically inferred attributes and interests. During recent years, many online platforms have started to automatically infer users’ attributes from available online data in order to provide users with personalized information. However, it usually remains unknown to users what these algorithmically-inferred attributes are, how they are inferred or how they are used. This opacity , along with the susceptibility of algorithms to bias, can result in users’ lack of trust of and satisfaction with such systems. For example, the opacity of online behavioral advertising in what data they use to infer personality traits has resulted in privacy concerns and mixed feelings towards personalize ads [1,2].
From I to We: Group formation and linguistic adaption in an online xenophobic forum

Much of identity formation processes nowadays takes place online, indicating that intergroup differentiation may be found in online communities. This paper focuses on identity formation processes in an open online xenophobic, anti-immigrant, discussion forum. Open discussion forums provide an excellent opportunity to investigate open interactions that may reveal how identity is formed and how individual users are influenced by other users. Using computational text analysis and Linguistic Inquiry Word Count (LIWC), our results show that new users change from an individual identification to a group identification over time as indicated by a decrease in the use of “I” and increase in the use of “we”. The analyses also show increased use of “they” indicating intergroup differentiation. Moreover, the linguistic style of new users became more similar to that of the overall forum over time. Further, the emotional content decreased over time. The results indicate that new users on a forum create a collective identity with the other users and adapt to them linguistically.
Ice crystal number concentration estimates from lidar-radar satellite retrievals . Part 2 : Controls on the ice crystal number concentration

The ice crystal number concentration (Ni) is a key property of ice clouds, both radiatively and microphysically. However, due to sparse in-situ measurements of ice cloud properties, the controls on the Ni have remained difficult to determine. As more advanced treatments of ice clouds are included in global models, it is becoming increasingly necessary to develop strong observational constraints on the processes involved. This work uses the DARDAR-LIM Ni retrieval described in part one to investigate the controls of the Ni at a global scale. The 5 retrieved clouds are separated by type. The effects of temperature, proxies for in-cloud updraught and aerosol concentrations are investigated. Variations in the cloud top Ni (Ni(top)) consistent with both homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation are observed and along with a possible role of aerosol both increasing and decreasing the Ni(top) depending on the prevailing meteorological situation. Away from the cloud top, the Ni displays a different sensitivity to these controlling factors, providing a possible explanation to the low Ni sensitivity to temperature and INP observed in previous in-situ studies. 10 This satellite dataset provides a new way of investigating the response of cloud properties to meteorological and aerosol controls. The results presented in this work increase our confidence in the retrieved Ni and will form the basis for further study into the processes influencing ice and mixed phase clouds.
Issues of Polish Question Answering

In this paper, perspectives for building a Polish question answering (QA) system are considered. It begins with an explanation of an increasing demand for such systems, along with inevitable difficulties and usage examples. Then, a question answering task is defined as a point of reference and for future evaluation. Existing solutions of similar tasks for English, evaluated during text processing conferences, are presented along with their common architectural scheme. To assess the applicability of those solutions to Polish, their language dependence is discussed, preceded by an outline of distinctive features of Slavonic languages, especially Polish, and their impact on text processing. Some already existing QA solutions for Polish are also enumerated.
The Influence of Transparency and Adaptability on Trust in Human-Robot Medical Interactions

In this paper, we present a study in which we test the influence of the two variables transparency and robot adaptability on people’s trust in a human-robot blood pressure measuring scenario. While our results show that increased transparency, i.e. robot explanations of its own actions designed to make the process and robot behaviors and capabilities accessible to the user, has a consistent effect on people’s trust and perceived comfort, robot adaptability, i.e. the user’s opportunity to adjust the robot’s position according to their needs, does not influence users’ evaluations of the robot as trustworthy. Our qualitative analyses indicate that this is due to the fact that transparency and adaptability are complex factors; the investigation of the interactional dynamics shows that users have very specific needs, which need to be met by the robot.
Establishing Lagrangian Connections between Observations within Air Masses Crossing the Atlantic during the ICARTT Experiment

The ICARTT-Lagrangian experiment was conceived with an aim to quan- tify the eects of photochemistry and mixing on the transformation of air masses in the free troposphere away from emissions. To this end attempts were made to intercept and sample air masses several times during their journey across the North Atlantic using four aircraft based in New Hampshire (USA), Faial (Azores) and Creil (France). This arti- cle begins by describing forecasts using two Lagrangian models that were used to direct the aircraft into target air masses. A novel technique is then used to identify Lagrangian matches between flight segments. Two independent searches are conducted: for Lagrangian model matches and for pairs of whole air samples with matching hydrocarbon fingerprints. The information is filtered further by searching for matching hydrocarbon samples that are linked by matching trajectories. The quality of these "coincident matches" is assessed using temperature, humidity and tracer observations. The technique pulls out five clear Lagrangian cases covering a variety of situations and these are examined in detail. The matching trajectories and hydrocarbon fingerprints are shown and the downwind minus upwind dierences in tracers are discussed.
Measuring smart grids 1

The SO-grid project aims to develop a smart grid pilot for the French electricity distribution network. Our workpackage is concerned with the efficient placement of measuring devices on the network. We give an overview of our progress so far: combinatorial problems and variants, complexity, inapproximability, polynomial cases, singleand bilevel mathematical programming formulations, row-generation algorithms, and generalization to a large class of bilevel MILPs.
Every Word You Set : Simulating the cognitive process of linguistic creativity with the PUNdit system

This paper presents a computational creativity system (PUNdit) for generating creative headlines from written text. The system employs a number of statistical natural language processing libraries to simulate the cognitive process of linguistic creativity. 29% of 99 generated titles were rated above average on four five-point scales of creativity, grammaticality, relevance and appropriateness by majority consensus of seven non-expert evaluators.
Herbivore size matters for productivity–richness relationships in African savannas

Productivity and herbivory often interact to shape plant community composition and species richness with levels of production mediating the impact of herbivory. However, differences in herbivore traits such as size, feeding guild and dietary requirements may result in different impacts of diverse herbivore guilds across productivity gradients. We used size‐selective herbivore exclosures to separate the effects of herbivory by larger herbivores, such as elephant, Burchell's zebra and blue wildebeest from those of medium/smaller herbivores, such as impala and warthog, on herbaceous plant communities. These exclosures were established along a 10‐fold productivity gradient, ranging from 90 to 950 g m−2 of standing plant biomass in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Exclusion of all herbivores generally increased plant species richness at low productivity, but decreased richness at high productivity. Exclusion of medium/smaller herbivores (e.g. impala, warthog) showed stronger effects on plant richness, particularly loss of forbs, at higher productivity rather than at lower productivity. In contrast, exclusion of larger herbivores had stronger effects on plant richness, typically with increasing forb richness, at low rather than high productivity. The change in species richness appeared linked to changes in light availability following herbivore exclusion. Strong increases in shading led to declines in species richness while more moderate increases in shading led to increases in species richness, possibly due to amelioration of heat and water stress by modest increases in shading. Increasing plant dominance, which likely alters multiple mechanisms of plant interactions, was correlated with declines in plant richness following herbivore exclusion. The impact of increasing dominance on plant richness operated independent of productivity, with the exclusion of impala appearing particularly important in driving this relationship. Synthesis. We show that the impact of herbivore losses on plant diversity will be strongly situation dependent and will vary with the herbivores lost (e.g. larger vs. smaller, grazers vs. browsers), plant functional type (e.g. grasses vs. forbs) and environmental context (e.g. productivity). Although larger herbivores are often emphasized for their strong impacts on community dynamics and ecosystem processes, we show that smaller, abundant herbivores can exert strong top‐down control on plant communities.
Characteristics and Sources of Speciated Atmospheric Mercury at a Coastal Site in the East China Sea Region

ABSTRACTAtmospheric mercury is a global concern due to its ability of long-range transport. In order to understand the characteristics and sources of speciated mercury in the East China Sea region, a coastal monitoring site was established on Chongming Island in Shanghai, China. Total gaseous mercury (TGM), reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) and particulate-bound mercury (PHg) were monitored during 2009–2012. The overall average TGM, RGM and PHg concentrations were 2.65 ± 1.73 ng m–3, 8.0 ± 8.8 pg m–3 and 21.5 ± 25.4 pg m–3, respectively. TGM has a sharp increase at 5:00 in the morning and reaches peak at about 8:00, which is probably caused by the downward mixing of enhanced TGM aloft originated from regional sources. Wind roses suggest that urban Shanghai area has a considerable contribution to TGM in Chongming. Repartitioning of reactive mercury from particles to the air under the influence of air temperature could be one major source of RGM. Four heavy mercury pollution episodes were selected for source analysis. Mercury pollution in the summer event is mainly from the southwest direction with high ∆TGM/∆CO ratio and has the most influence on the North China Plain (NCP) region. The winter event is mainly under the influence of industrial pollution from the NCP region. The autumn event is contributed by both industrial pollution and biomass burning in North and Northeast China exhibiting a lower slope of ∆PHg/∆TGM. Springtime Asian long-range transport (ALRT) is crucial to the mercury background of North America. However, in the spring event identified in this study the mercury outflow from low altitude through East China mostly ascended to high altitude during the transpacific airmass transport. This provides an important incentive for future studies to focus on the way of mercury outflow from East Asia.