Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Location-Based Online Task Scheduling in Mobile Crowdsensing

Smart devices with a rich set of low-cost sensors enable a new sensing paradigm called mobile crowdsensing. In mobile crowdsensing, tasks are distributed at a variety of locations. Mobile users travel through different task locations to perform different tasks. The diversity of task locations and user trajectories makes the optimal scheduling problem intractable. In this paper, we mathematically formulate the optimal task scheduling problem as a continuous path planning problem, which is known to be NP-hard. Then we propose two online heuristic algorithms to maximize the task quality improvement for each newly arriving user. These algorithms work in a hop by hop manner for task selection and adopt different measures and strategies including: (1) ratio of task quality increment and travel cost and (2) task spatial density. We present detailed algorithm design and deduce their computational complexity. Extensive simulation results show that our algorithms outperform existing work.
L'effet des connaissances du domaine et les modes de raisonnement dans le processus de sélection lors d'une recherche d'information

Ce travail s'interesse au processus de selection, lors d'une recherche d'information sur le web, par des utilisateurs experts du domaine de la tâche a effectuer. Dans une observation conduite avec 5 eleves de Seconde d'un lycee general et technologique, nous tentons de mieux comprendre les criteres de pertinence employes lors d'une recherche d'information sur le Web, a la fois sur la page de resultats et sur le document primaire. Plus precisement, notre etude vise d'une part a determiner les criteres de pertinence qui sont employes pour selectionner des liens dans la page de resultats et des documents primaires, et d'autre part si les connaissances du domaine peuvent influencer les selections. Nos travaux portent egalement sur les modes de raisonnement, analytique ou usage d'heuristiques qui sont mis en place lors de ces recherches. Nos resultats ont mis en avant de nouveaux criteres de pertinence, evoques par les experts du domaine, et une difference significative entre les criteres evoques pour la justification des selections des liens sur la page de resultats et des documents primaires. En ce qui concerne les modes de raisonnements utilises, ils ne sont pas uniques au cours d'une recherche d'information mais varient selon les differents moments de la tâche.
T Cell Development in the Adult Murine Thymus: Changes in the Expression of the Surface Antigens Ly2, L3T4 and B2A2 during Development from Early Precursor Cells to Emigrants

Many (perhaps all) of the key events in T cell development take place within the thymus. Thymic lymphocytes are believed to be immature T cells at various stages of development. According to these tenets it should be possible to classify thymocytes into distinct subpopulations, and then order these groups into a sequence representing the intrathymic T cell development pathway. Certain T cell antigens are expressed differentially on the surface of thymocytes, and these have been used to define thymus subpopulations. Recent attempts to classify thymocytes in this way have produced a reassuring degree of agreement between different laboratories (reviewed by Smith 1984). However, there is no such consensus on the ordering of these subpopulations in a developmental pathway, the only point of agreement being that many of the earlier schemes must be wrong. In this review we survey our own work on the definition of thymocyte subpopulations using monoclonal antibodies directed against T cell surface antigens. We begin with a summary of earlier work on antigens used to distinguish cortical and medullary cells (reviewed in detail in Scollay & Shortman 1983), and then present more recent studies on antigens which help to further classify thymocytes
An Unsupervised Consensus Control Chart Pattern Recognition Framework

Early identification and detection of abnormal time series patterns is vital for a number of manufacturing. Slide shifts and alterations of time series patterns might be indicative of some anomaly in the production process, such as machinery malfunction. Usually due to the continuous flow of data monitoring of manufacturing processes requires automated Control Chart Pattern Recognition (CCPR) algorithms. The majority of CCPR literature consists of supervised classification algorithms. Less studies consider unsupervised versions of the problem. Despite the profound advantage of unsupervised methodology for less manual data labeling their use is limited due to the fact that their performance is not robust enough for practical purposes. In this study we propose the use of a consensus clustering framework. Computational results show robust behavior compared to individual clustering algorithms.
Systèmes coopératifs décentralisés de détection et de contre-mesures des incidents et attaques sur les réseaux IP. (Collaborative and decentralized detection and mitigation of network attacks)

La problematique des botnets, reseaux de machines infectees par des logiciels malveillants permettant de les controler a distance, constitue une preoccupation majeure du fait du nombre de machines infectees et des menaces associees: attaque par deni de service distribue (DDoS), spam, vol de donnees bancaires. Les solutions de lutte contre les botnets proposees presentent des limitations majeures dans le contexte d'un operateur reseau (contraintes de volumetrie et de passage a l'echelle, respect de la confidentialite et de la vie privee des utilisateurs). Cette these propose quatre contributions orientees reseau de lutte contre les botnets. Chaque contribution traite d'une etape complementaire dans la problematique des botnets: la premiere contribution permet de remonter a la source d'attaques par deni de service, et ainsi d'identifier un groupe de machines infectees a l'origine de ces attaques. La deuxieme contribution concerne la detection des communications entre les machines infectees et leurs serveurs de controle et commande dans un reseau a large echelle, et offre ainsi l'opportunite de bloquer ces serveurs pour limiter le risque de nouvelles attaques. La troisieme contribution permet une detection collaborative de botnets dans un contexte inter-domaine et inter-operateur, permettant ainsi de lutter contre l'aspect hautement distribue de ces botnets. Enfin, la derniere contribution proposee permet de remedier aux botnets en ralentissant les communications entre les machines infectees et leur serveur de controle, offrant par ce biais une contre-mesure aux strategies d'evasions developpees par les cybercriminels afin de rendre leurs botnets plus resilients.
Preempting Online Review Helpfulness-An Elaboration Likelihood Perspective

The Information Systems literature has substantially advanced understanding of online review helpfulness in both its antecedents and consequences. Despite the rich understanding, existing studies predominately focused on the impact of coarser-grained characteristics on consumer ’ s helpfulness perception. The possibility of evaluating review’s helpfulness based on both fine -grained textual information along with multiple general factors of reviewer and products challenged existing understanding. While textual features such as latent topics and semantic traits of a review have been considered as effective predictors for identifying helpful reviews, the causal effects of these predictors on review ’ s perceived helpfulness still remain largely unclear. Drawing on the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM), this proposal focuses on understanding how coarse-grained general characteristics and fine-grained textual characteristics jointly affect the perceived helpfulness of online review. In particular, following the spirit of ELM, we propose a model to disentangle the types of online review characteristics through a dual information processing perspective, and investigate how consumer ’ s motivation moderates effect of the two information processing routes. The proposed research model shall be operationalized by employing a panel data analysis.
A HERSCHEL AND APEX CENSUS OF THE REDDEST SOURCES IN ORION: SEARCHING FOR THE YOUNGEST PROTOSTARS

We perform a census of the reddest, and potentially youngest, protostars in the Orion molecular clouds using data obtained with the PACS instrument on board the Herschel Space Observatory and the LABOCA and SABOCA instruments on APEX as part of the Herschel Orion Protostar Survey (HOPS). A total of 55 new protostar candidates are detected at 70 μm and 160 μm that are either too faint (m24 > 7 mag) to be reliably classified as protostars or undetected in the Spitzer/MIPS 24 μm band. We find that the 11 reddest protostar candidates with log λFλ70/λFλ24 > 1.65 are free of contamination and can thus be reliably explained as protostars. The remaining 44 sources have less extreme 70/24 colors, fainter 70 μm fluxes, and higher levels of contamination. Taking the previously known sample of Spitzer protostars and the new sample together, we find 18 sources that have log λFλ70/λFλ24 > 1.65; we name these sources “PACS Bright Red sources,” or PBRs. Our analysis reveals that the PBR sample is composed of Class 0 like sources characterized by very red spectral energy distributions (SEDs; Tbol < 45 K) and large values of sub-millimeter fluxes (Lsmm/Lbol > 0.6%). Modified blackbody fits to the SEDs provide lower limits to the envelope masses of 0.2–2 M☉ and luminosities of 0.7–10 L☉. Based on these properties, and a comparison of the SEDs with radiative transfer models of protostars, we conclude that the PBRs are most likely extreme Class 0 objects distinguished by higher than typical envelope densities and hence, high mass infall rates.
Approach to Avoid Collision between Two Vehicles in Intelligent Transportation System

Modern societies are increasingly confronted with the externalities of road traffic, such as congestion, accidents, consumption of scarce space, use of energy, and vehicle emissions. Many measures for controlling these externalities are currently under consideration by public authorities. These measures include incentives (e.g. charging for vehicle use), regulations (e.g. restricting lane access to specific groups, limiting speed under certain traffic conditions) and implementing new transport technologies to make the (road) transport system more 'intelligent'. The last category of measures is often labeled 'Intelligent Transportation Systems' (ITS). Intelligent Transportation Systems refers to the use of information and communication technologies to collect and process (road) traffic data and to transmit it to transport users and/or operators. A variety of 'Intelligent Transportation Systems measures have been proposed and gradually implemented in order to improve the outcomes of the use of road infrastructure. Emphasis has been placed on traffic management and travel information measures, such as route guidance, ramp metering, speed regulation, flexible lane use, dynamic park and ride, and incident warning systems. The 'Intelligent Transportation Systems measures currently implemented within the field of traffic management and travel information appear to be effective.
Dimensión de assouad-nagata y la geometría a gran escala de grupos numerables

La tesis esta dividida en cuatro capitulos mas los preliminares y la introduccion, En los tres primeros se estudia un invariante lineal llamado dimension de Assouad-Nagata que tiene importantes conexiones con diferentes areas de las matematicas tales como la geometria, la teoria de la dimension topologica, los espacios ultrametricos y la teoria geometrica de grupos. En el ultimo capitulo se analiza completamente la geometria a gran escala de los grupos abelianos numerables. Con respecto a la dimension de Assouad-Nagata se obtienen los siguientes resultados: - Se relaciona la dimension de Assouad-Nagata con la dimension de capacidad surgida en el estudio de espacios Gromov-hiperbolicos y con la dimension uniforme. - Se prueba la conex ion entre los espacios de dimension de Assouad-Nagata nula y los espacios ultrametricos. Se construye un espacio universal para los espacios ultrametricos y se prueban teoremas de extension Lipschitz para tales espacios. Se muestra que existe una can tidad no numerable de espacios ultrametricos no equivalentes a gran escala. - Se caracteriza la dimension de Assouad-Nagata en terminos de extensiones Lipschitz a esferas. - Se muestra que la dimension de Assouad-Nagata acota superiormente la dimen sion topologica de los conos asintoticos de un espacio. Se encuentran ejemplos de que tal cota puede ser estricta y arbitrariamente grande incluso en el caso de que el cono asintotico sea un espacio ultrametrico. - Para cada espacio metrico de dimens ion asintotica finita se construye un espacio hiperbolico de dimension de Assouad-Nagata finita y que satisface una propiedad tipo-ultrametrica de Nagata. - Se estudia la dimension de Assouad-Nagata en el ambito de la teoria geometrica de grupos. Se analiza la diferencia entre la dimension de Assouad-Nagata y la dimension asintotica para diferentes clases de grupos como los nilpotentes y los localmente finitos con metricas propias e invariantes por la izquierda. Se demuestra que tal diferencia p uede ser arbitraria, incluso infinita. - Se calcula la dimension de Assouad-Nagata del grupo discreto de Heisenberg. - Se muestra una formula para calcular la dimension de Assouad-Nagata de un espacio tipo-arbol. Como consecuencia se ob tiene una formula para calcular la dimension de Assouad-Nagata del producto libre de dos grupos finitamente generados con la metrica de la palabra. En el ultimo capitulo se da un criterio algebraico para clasificar biyectivamente a gran escala los
Polarization of the human motor cortex through the scalp

DIRECT currents (DC) applied directly to central nervous system structures produce substantial and long-lasting effects in animal experiments. We tested the functional effects of very weak scalp DC (< 0.5 mA, 7 s) on the human motor cortex by assessing the changes in motor potentials evoked by transcranial magnetic brain stimulation. We performed four different experiments in 15 healthy volunteers. Our findings led to the conclusion that such weak (< 0.5 mA) anodal scalp DC, alternated with a cathodal DC, significantly depresses the excitability of the human motor cortex, providing evidence that a small electric field crosses the skull and influences the brain. A possible mechanism of action of scalp DC is the hyperpolarization of the superficial excitatory interneurones in the human motor cortex.
Maxillo-facial Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma: A Case Report and Discussion

In this report, we share our experience of a case of maxillo-facial extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, a very rare location for this neoplasm. In addition, a literature review is provided. The patient, a 61-year-old male, had a maxillary mass encroaching on the nasal cavity. After debulking, the tumor recurred, attaining its pre-surgical proportion in two months. The patient improved clinically with radiation and remained stable for about one year. However, he ultimately developed metastases in his lung which were treated with palliative chemotherapy with a good outcome lasting three months. We could find only eight reported cases of this tumor in the head region of which two are in the maxilla; hence, ruling out other primary sites is mandatory for a patient presenting with a primary head and neck mass. Surgical removal may be complicated because of the location. A combination of surgery and radiation is the management of choice, with palliative chemotherapy in metastasis.
The nitrite reductase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Essential role of two active-site histidines in the catalytic and structural properties

Cd1 nitrite reductase catalyzes the conversion of nitrite to NO in denitrifying bacteria. Reduction of the substrate occurs at the d1-heme site, which faces on the distal side some residues thought to be essential for substrate binding and catalysis. We report the results obtained by mutating to Ala the two invariant active site histidines, His-327 and His-369, of the enzyme from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Both mutants have lost nitrite reductase activity but maintain the ability to reduce O2 to water. Nitrite reductase activity is impaired because of the accumulation of a catalytically inactive form, possibly because the productive displacement of NO from the ferric d1-heme iron is impaired. Moreover, the two distal His play different roles in catalysis; His-369 is absolutely essential for the stability of the Michaelis complex. The structures of both mutants show (i) the new side chain in the active site, (ii) a loss of density of Tyr-10, which slipped away with the N-terminal arm, and (iii) a large topological change in the whole c-heme domain, which is displaced 20 Å from the position occupied in the wild-type enzyme. We conclude that the two invariant His play a crucial role in the activity and the structural organization of cd1 nitrite reductase from P. aeruginosa.
[Increasing frequency and diagnostic difficulties in intestinal stenosis after necrotizing enterocolitis].

BACKGROUND Stenosis after necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) has increased from 15 to 57% over the last 10 years in our unit. The aim of this study is to point out the difficulty of diagnosis and treatment, and search for factors explaining this increase. PATIENTS AND METHODS From 1986 to 1991, 42 newborns had NEC, followed by intestinal strictures in 19 of them (57% of the 33 survivors). Data from these 19 patients were compared with those of the 14 without intestinal strictures. The 33 survivors were also compared with those of an earlier study including 25 NEC seen from 1979 to 1986. RESULTS After medical treatment (n = 12), intestinal stenosis led to occlusion after three weeks, was located to both small and large intestine and was short and tight. After surgical treatment (n = 7), stenosis was shown by opacification before digestive anastomosis (n = 5) or revealed by occlusion (n = 2); it stayed on the colon, was long or multiple, requiring extensive resections. No difference could be found between data from patients with or without stenosis. Although newborns were actually more premature, the risk of stenosis was more frequent when newborns of same gestational ages and/or weights were compared. CONCLUSIONS Intestinal stenosis is a frequent complication after NEC; its diagnosis is often difficult and requires extensive digestive resections. No clinical or therapeutic factor could be found to explain the actual increase in frequency.
Single cell analysis of B lymphocytes from Wegener's granulomatosis: B cell receptors display affinity maturation within the granulomatous lesions

Increased amounts of anti‐neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA) directed against proteinase 3 (PR3) are a diagnostic and pathogenic hallmark of full‐blown Wegener's granulomatosis (WG). Aggregates of B lymphocytes proximal to PR3+ cells as well as plasma cells have been described as substantial components of Wegener's granuloma and could participate in forming tertiary lymphoid structures, which might promote autoantibody formation. Our aim was a molecular analysis of single B cells in order to develop a methodological approach that allows examination of potential ANCA formation in the tissue. Single B cells from cryo‐conserved endonasal biopsies of three WG patients were isolated, using laser‐assisted microdissection. Subsequently, their immunoglobulin variable heavy (VH) and light (Vκ, Vλ) chain genes were analysed by single cell polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. Sixteen immunoglobulin VH‐Vκ or VH‐Vλ chain gene couples were characterized. Twelve of these immunoglobulin gene couples resembled memory B cells. Two offsprings of one B cell were detected, indicating clonal expansion. VH genes representing 39 single B cells of WG tissues displayed significantly more mutations when compared with VH genes from peripheral blood of a healthy donor. The findings confirm and extend our previous results, arguing for an initial selection and affinity maturation of B cells within Wegener's granuloma. Further, the methodology provides the initial basis for the recombinant generation of antibodies derived from tissue cells.
Generation of a mouse with low galactocerebrosidase activity by gene targeting: a new model of globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe disease).

Globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe disease) is a severe leukodystrophy caused by mutations in the galactocerebrosidase (GALC) gene leading to extremely low (less than 5% of normal activity) GALC activity. Human patients include primarily severely affected infants as well as patients with a later onset of symptoms. The infants usually die before 2 years of age, but it is difficult to predict the clinical course in older patients. In addition to these patients, additional individuals identified in this laboratory have 10--20% of normal GALC activity measured in accessible tissues. These individuals have a wide range of clinical presentations involving neurological degeneration. On molecular analysis of the GALC gene they all have three or more mutations considered to be normal polymorphisms resulting in amino acid changes in the two copies of the GALC gene. In order to investigate the role these amino acid changes may play on clinical, biochemical, and pathological findings, a new transgenic mouse was generated by homologous recombination. After preliminary studies determined what effect each amino acid change had on mouse GALC activity in transient transfection experiments, mice containing a cysteine residue at codon 168 instead of histidine (H168C) were produced. These mice developed symptoms, but they were delayed by 10--15 days from the well-characterized twitcher (twi) mouse. They accumulated psychosine slightly slower than twi mice, showed pathological changes less severe than twi mice in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and live about 15 days longer than twi mice. They have large litters and will play a role in therapy trials using new procedures currently under development.
BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS IN THE CLASSROOM Principles of ( Behavioral ) Economics

There are many great ways to incorporate behavioral economics in a first-year undergraduate economics class—i.e., the course that is typically called “Principles of Economics. ” Our preferred approach integrates behavioral economics throughout the course (e.g., see Acemoglu, Laibson, and List 2015). With the integrated approach, behavioral content plays a role in many of the chapters of the principles of economics curriculum, including chapters on optimization, equilibrium, game theory, intertemporal choice, probability and risk, social preferences, household finance, the labor market, financial intermediation, monetary policy, economic fluctuations, and financial crises. We prefer the integrated approach because it enables the behavioral insights to show up where they are conceptually most relevant. By illustration, it is best to combine a discussion of downward nominal wage rigidity (i.e., the idea that workers strongly resist nominal wage declines) with the overall discussion of the labor market. Whether or not an instructor integrates behavioral economics throughout the principles of economics course, it makes sense to pull central materials together and dedicate a lecture (or more) to a focused discussion of behavioral economics. This note describes our approach to such a lecture, emphasizing six key principles of behavioral economics. BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS IN THE CLASSROOM