Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Matching Cost Filtering for Dense Stereo Correspondence

Dense stereo correspondence enabling reconstruction of depth information in a scene is of great importance in the field of computer vision. Recently, some local solutions based on matching cost filtering with an edge-preserving filter have been proved to be capable of achieving more accuracy than global approaches. Unfortunately, the computational complexity of these algorithms is quadratically related to the window size used to aggregate the matching costs. The recent trend has been to pursue higher accuracy with greater efficiency in execution. Therefore, this paper proposes a new cost-aggregation module to compute the matching responses for all the image pixels at a set of sampling points generated by a hierarchical clustering algorithm. The complexity of this implementation is linear both in the number of image pixels and the number of clusters. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art local methods in terms of both accuracy and speed. Moreover, performance tests indicate that parameters such as the height of the hierarchical binary tree and the spatial and range standard deviations have a significant influence on time consumption and the accuracy of disparity maps.
Role and Effectiveness of Public Distribution System in Assuring Food Security in India: An Appraisal

This paper tries to identify food insecure population of the country, analyse the availability, storage, procurement of food grain , assess the effectiveness of PDS, identify the discrepancies in the system, find ways to remove the anomalies and to make the delivery mechanism more effective. In India, the working of public distribution system and other government policies have not been successful in achieving food security at the desired level.
The unified model, a fully-compressible, non-hydrostatic, deep atmosphere global circulation model, applied to hot Jupiters - ENDGame for a HD 209458b test case

We are adapting the global circulation model (GCM) of the UK Met Office, the so-called unified model (UM), for the study of hot Jupiters. In this work we demonstrate the successful adaptation of the most sophisticated dynamical core, the component of the GCM which solves the equations of motion for the atmosphere, available within the UM, ENDGame (Even Newer Dynamics for General atmospheric modelling of the environment). Within the same numerical scheme ENDGame supports solution to the dynamical equations under varying degrees of simplification. We present results from a simple, shallow (in atmospheric domain) hot Jupiter model (SHJ), and a more realistic (with a deeper atmosphere) HD 209458b test case. For both test cases we find that the large-scale, time-averaged (over the 1200 days prescribed test period), dynamical state of the atmosphere is relatively insensitive to the level of simplification of the dynamical equations. However, problems exist when attempting to reproduce the results for these test cases derived from other models. For the SHJ case the lower (and upper) boundary intersects the dominant dynamical features of the atmosphere meaning the results are heavily dependent on the boundary conditions. For the HD 209458b test case, when using the more complete dynamical models, the atmosphere is still clearly evolving after 1200 days, and in a transient state. Solving the complete (deep atmosphere and non-hydrostatic) dynamical equations allows exchange between the vertical and horizontal momentum of the atmosphere, via Coriolis and metric terms. Subsequently, interaction between the upper atmosphere and the deeper more slowly evolving (radiatively inactive) atmosphere significantly alters the results, and acts over timescales longer than 1200 days.
Stability of Ru‐ and Ta‐based metal gate electrodes in contact with dielectrics for Si‐CMOS

The Ru–Ta–Si–O, Ta–Si–N–O, and Ru–Ta–Zr–O phase diagrams are important for predicting reactions at interfaces between SiO2 and ZrO2 gate dielectrics and novel Ru and Ta‐based metal gate electrodes. Simplified quaternary phase diagrams of the Ru–Ta–Si–O, Ta–Si–N–O, and Ru–Ta–Zr–O systems at 900 °C were constructed from known and estimated Gibbs free energy data, respectively. Ru is predicted to be stable in contact with ZrO2 and SiO2, whereas Ta is not stable in contact with SiO2 at temperatures around 900 °C. Stoichiometric RuTa and TaN compounds were estimated to be stable in contact with both dielectrics at 900 °C. Experimental observations of gate electrode/dielectric interfaces are discussed. They are consistent with the thermodynamic predictions within the limitations of these phase diagrams. Metastable phases, often found in TaNx films, and diffusion of species from the vapor (e.g., oxygen), in particular along grain boundaries in columnar gate electrodes, may lead to reactions not predicted by the equilibrium phase diagrams. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Estimation of Light-use Efficiency of Terrestrial Ecosystems from Space: A Status Report

A critical variable in the estimation of gross primary production of terrestrial ecosystems light-use efficiency (LUE), a value that represents the actual efficiency of a plant's use of absorbed radiation energy to produce biomass. Light-use efficiency is driven by the most limiting of a number of environmental stress factors that reduce plants' photosynthetic capacity; these include short-term stressors, such as photoinhibition, as well as longer-term stressors, such as soil water and temperature. Modeling LUE from remote sensing is governed largely by the biochemical composition of plant foliage, with the past decade seeing important theoretical and modeling advances for understanding the role of these stresses on LUE. In this article we provide a summary of the tower-, aircraft-, and satellite-based research undertaken to date, and discuss the broader scalability of these methods, concluding with recommendations for ongoing research possibilities.
Non-pac fields whose Henselian closures are seperably closed

A field K is PAC if every nonvoid absolutely irreducible variety V over K has a K-rational point. The concept of a PAC field originated in Ax’ work [Ax] on the elementary theory of finite fields. Although finite fields are not PAC, nonprincipal ultra products of finite fields (Ax, [FrJ, Cor. 10.6]) and infinite algebraic extensions of finite fields (Ershov, [FrJ, Cor. 10.7]) are PAC. Each separably closed field is PAC. If K is a countable Hilbertian field and e is a positive integer, then for almost all σ ∈ G(K) the field Ks(σ) is PAC [FrJ, Thm. 16.18]. Here G(K) is the absolute Galois group of K equipped with the Haar measure, Ks is the separable closure of K, and Ks(σ) is the fixed field of σ1, . , σe in Ks. An explicit example of an algebraic extension of Q which is PAC is Qtr( √ −1), where Qtr is the field of all totally real algebraic numbers (Pop). Finally, Fried starts from an arbitrary field K0 and adjoins algebraically independent generic points of all absolutely irreducible varieties over K0. Then he iterates this construction inductively. Finally he takes the union of the sequence of fields obtained in this way to obtain a regular extension K of K0 which is PAC [FrJ, Prop. 12.11]. Although one expects most fields to be non-PAC, it is not easy to construct one. Clearly, if K is formally real, then it is non-PAC [FrJ, Thm. 10.2]. If K has a valuation v whose residue field is finite, then K is non-PAC (Ax). More generally, if the Henselian closure Kv of K with respect to v is not separably closed, then K is non-PAC (Frey-Prestel [FrJ, Thm. 10.14]). Consequently, [FrJ, Prob. 10.16(b)] raises the following problem:
Parental Assets: A Pathway to Positive Child Educational Outcomes

A growing body of evidence suggests parental assets have positive effects on children's well-being. Using 2004 data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation, this study tests the effect of parental asset holding on child educational outcomes, and explores whether parental involvement and expectations mediate this relationship. Results indicate that assets are a significant predictor of all child academic outcomes of our study; however, income is not a significant predictor for school outcomes when controlling for assets. The mediation analyses show the effect of assets on school outcomes is mediated by two of the three parenting measures: parental expectations and the number of parent-child breakfast days per week. We include implications for policy and practice.
Audio Effects Emulation with Neural Networks

This paper discusses if using Neural Networks we can develop model which emulates audio effects and also if it can stand up to traditional audio effect emulators. This report includes the comparison of the performance between Recurrent Neural Networks such as Long Short Term Memory and Gated Recurrent Unit, and also Convolutional Neural Networks. This paper also checks if the best performing network, dealing with a online stream of inputs, can produce its outputs without a significant delay, as the ones of traditional audio effect emulators. The networks were trained to emulate an EQ effect. The results compared the audio produced by the network with the audio we want the network to produce, which is the audio modified by the EQ. These results were compared quantitatively, calculating the absolute difference between the two audio and comparing the frequency spectrum; and qualitatively, checking if people could hear both audios as the same one. Long Short Term Memory turned out to be the ones which achieved the best results. However, they could not produce a stream of outputs without a significant delay nor an acceptable error. AUDIO EFFECT EMULATION WITH NEURAL NETWORKS 2 Index Terminology 4
En Revurdering af Globaliseringens Effekter på Velfærdsstaten: En Empirisk Analyse af Velfærdsrettigheder og Økonomisk Globalisering i 16 OECD-lande

Debatten om globaliseringens effekter på velfærdsstaten er et af de mest omdiskuterede spørgsmål inden for politisk økonomi. Forklaringer herpå er forskelligartede og rangerer lige fra, at globaliseringen medfører et ”race to the bottom” til, at globaliseringen øger velfærdsstatens størrelse over forklaringsmodeller, der fremhæver, at globaliseringens effekter er betinget af institutioner. Atter andre mener, at globaliseringen ikke rigtig har en effekt. Fælles for denne litteratur er, at den afhængige variable typisk er offentlige udgifter. Vi ved således meget lidt om, hvilke effekter globaliseringen har på velfærdsrettigheder. Det undersøges her via en række time-series cross-section analyser på 16 OECD-lande fra 1971-2007. Vi finder generelt opbakning til, at globaliseringen ikke har en effekt på velfærdsrettigheder. Der er dog enkelte indikationer på, at forskellige markedsøkonomier håndterer den stigende globalisering forskelligartet, men effekterne er ikke systematiske over tid.
Improving Care using Network-Based Modeling and Intelligent Data Mining of Social Media

Cleverly extracting information from social media has recently attracted nice interest from the medication and Health science community to at an identical time improve health care outcomes and deflate prices victimization consumer-generated opinion. We've got an inclination to tend to propose a social dancing analysis framework that focuses on positive and negative sentiment, in addition as a result of the aspect effects of treatment, in users" forum posts, and identifies user communities (modules) and influential users for the aim of ascertaining user opinion of cancer treatment. We get a preference to tend to use a self-organizing map to investigate word frequency information derived from users" forum posts. we've got an inclination to tend to then introduced a unique network-based approach for modeling users" forum interactions and utilized a network partitioning technique supported optimizing a stability quality live. This allowed North American nation to work out shopper opinion and establish influential users at intervals the retrieved modules victimization data derived from each word-frequency information and network-based properties. Our approach will expand analysis into showing intelligence mining social media information for shopper opinion of assorted treatments to supply fast, up-to-date data for the pharmaceutical trade, hospitals, and medical employees, on the effectiveness (or ineffectiveness) of future treatments.
PRINCIPLES FOR THE DESIGN OF MARINE RESERVES

The theory underlying the design of marine reserves, whether the goal is to preserve biodiversity or to manage fisheries, is still in its infancy. For both of these goals, there is a need for general principles on which to base marine reserve design, and because of the paucity of empirical experience, these principles must be based on models. However, most of the theoretical studies to date have been specific to a single situation, with few attempts to deduce general principles. Here we attempt to distill existing results into general principles useful to designers of marine reserves. To answer the question of how fishery management using reserves compares to conventional management, we provide two prin- ciples: (1) the effect of reserves on yield per recruit is similar to increasing the age of first capture, and (2) the effect of reserves on yield is similar to reducing effort. Another two principles answer the question of how to design reserve configurations so that species with movement in various stages will be sustainable: (3) higher juvenile and adult movement lowers sustainability of reserves for biodiversity, but an intermediate level of adult move- ment is required for reserves for fishery management, and (4) longer larval dispersal distance requires larger reserves for sustainability. These principles provide general guidelines for design, and attention to them will allow more rapid progress in future modeling studies. Whether populations or communities will persist under any specific reserve design is un- certain, and we suggest ways of dealing with that uncertainty.
Towards a Passive Adaptive Planar Foot with Ground Orientation and Contact Force Sensing for Legged Robots

Adapting to the ground enables stable footholds in legged locomotion by exploiting the structure of the terrain. On that account, we present a passive adaptive planar foot with three rotational degrees of freedom that is lightweight and thus suited for highly dynamic legged robots. Its low laying pivot joint provides high stability towards kinking. Information about the relative foot sole pose, and accordingly, the ground orientation is gathered by inertial measurement units (IMUs) placed on the foot sole and the shank. A complementary filter is presented that fuses these orientation estimates with an angular encoder to obtain a drift-free relative foot sole pose. The passive adaptive planar foot has been tested and compared to the classical point foot design on a variety of terrains and shows superior traction performance, especially on compressible soils. Being mounted on the quadrupedal robot ANYmal, the foot provides a reliable contact detection based on the fusion of the built-in 6-axis force/torque transducer and the IMUs. This allows to walk and trot on uneven terrain, loose soils, as well as climbing up a ramp and stairs while keeping the entire foot sole in ground contact all the time.
Physicochemical characterization of pepsin-soluble collagen extracted from the byssus of Chilean mussels (Mytilus Chilensis)

La recuperacion de compuestos de alto valor agregado provenientes de desechos de la industria marina es un area de investigacion prometedora. El biso del mejillon es un sub-producto de la produccion de mejillones el cual es una potencial fuente de colageno. El objetivo de este estudio fue extraer colageno desde el biso de mejillones chilenos usando un metodo enzimatico y caracterizar este tipo de colageno. Se utilizo una hidrolisis enzimatica mediada por pepsina con dos razones de pepsina/sustrato (1:50 o 4:50) y dos tiempos de extraccion (4 o 24 h). La extraccion se realizo a 80°C por 24 h en una solucion de acido acetico. Las dispersiones de colageno obtenidas fueron analizadas en terminos de su contenido de colageno, turbidez, viscosidad aparente y solubilidad. El tiempo de hidrolisis afecto significativamente (p 0.05) en la viscosidad aparente y solubilidad, sugiriendo que la hidrolisis enzimatica no afecto a integridad de la molecula de colageno. Nuestros resultados indican que el biso del mejillon chileno es una buena fuente de colageno que puede ser extraido y encontrar usos en el area de alimentos, farmaceutica y biomedica.
Service-Dominant Logic as a Foundation for Service Science: Clarifications

Service science is an emerging discipline concerned with the evolution, interaction, and reciprocal cocreation of value among service systems (Maglio and Spohrer [Maglio, P. P., J. Spohrer. 2008. Fundamentals of Service Science. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 36(1) 18–20. ]; Spohrer et al. [Spohrer, J., S. Vargo, N. Caswell, P. Maglio. 2008. The Service System is the Basic Abstraction of Service Science. 41st Annual HICSS Conference Proceedings. ]). Service-dominant (S-D) logic (Vargo and Lusch [Vargo, S., R. F. Lusch. 2004a. Evolving to a New Dominant Logic for Marketing. Journal of Marketing 68(1) 1–17. ] [Vargo, S. , R. F. Lusch. 2008. Service-Dominant Logic: Continuing the Evolution. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 36(1) 1–10. ]) is an alternative to the traditional, goods-dominant (G-D) paradigm for understanding economic exchange and value creation. This service-centered view is based on the idea that service – the application of competences for the benefit of another – is the ba.
'SYNTHETIC' LARGE SCALE MOTIONS ORGANIZE SMALL SCALE MOTIONS IN THE TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER

The relationship between large- and small-scale motions in a non-equilibrium turbulent boundary layer was studied exper- imentally. A zero-pressure-gradient flat plate turbulent boundary layer was perturbed by a short array of two-dimensional roughness elements, both statically and under dynamic actuation. The dynamic forcing generated a 'synthetic' very-large-scale motion (VLSM) within the flow which was observed by phase-locked flow measurements. The phase-relationship between both synthetic and natural VLSMs and the small scale motions within the boundary layer was studied by cross-correlation and cospectral techniques, to reveal an organizing effect of the artificial VLSM on smaller scales. MEASURING SCALE INTERACTIONS The interaction between large- and small-scale motions in the turbulent boundary layer has significant implications for both better understanding the dynamical processes occurring within the boundary layer and designing smarter control strategies to exploit boundary layer physics. In early studies, direct comparison of filtered instantaneous velocity signals was employed to show evidence for amplitude modulation between the large- and small-scale motions (2, 6); these com- parisons were then made more rigorous through the use of correlation coefficients (9, 12, 10) and conditional averaging techniques (3, 4). Recognition of the important role of very-large-scale-motions (VLSMs) in the turbulent boundary layer (1, 5, 11) has only highlighted the need to relate these energetically dominant structures to the small-scale motions near the wall. By considering a spectral decomposition of the cross-correlation methodology, Jacobi & McKeon (8) showed that among all the large-scale motions in the flow, one particular range of large-scale motions (as defined in the frequency domain) is more strongly correlated with the envelope of small-scale fluctuations, and that band of large-scale frequencies corre- sponds precisely to the very-large-scale motions (VLSMs) which are thought to be crucial to understanding wall-bounded flows (e.g., (6)). Moreover, it was shown that this interaction between large- and small-scale motions can be conceptually described in terms of a phase-shift (3) between the scale fluctuations. Therefore, the physical observation that small-scale fluctuations in the turbulent boundary layer tend to lead fluctuations in large-scale motions can be interpreted as a relative phase-lag in temporal signals describing the large-scale motions. Combining these two observations, Jacobi & McKeon (8) concluded that VLSMs are the key determinant in establishing a phase-relationship between large- and small-scale motions in the turbulent boundary layer, and thus modifying or controlling VLSMs offers the possibility of indirectly modifying small-scale motions. The present investigation considers precisely this possibility, by investigating how the phase relationship between scales responds when a synthetic VLSM is induced in a perturbed boundary layer.
Cyclic axial loading of offshore piles-An issue of concern?

Expansion of the global piling industry has been coupled with significant research efforts investigating the mechanisms controlling pile capacity. Static pile design has transitioned from total stress approaches toward effective stress design, with associated improvements in predicting pile performance. As a result, the available literature is heavily skewed toward static capacity prediction. However, when considering piles offshore, the majority of loading is not static but highly variable and cyclic in nature. This paper outlines the additional factors that require consideration for cyclic pile design, including elevated loading rates, cyclic displacements and capacity degradation. A review of the literature identified a number of cyclic pile testing programs which are collated in this paper. General trends are established through comparison of the tests within the database and the conditions where cyclic loading is most likely to be a concern are identified. In particular, loading conditions which involve full plastic shear reversals are seen to cause the most extreme cyclic damage, with the degraded capacity as low as 31% of the precyclic static capacity. The underlying mechanisms which can result in cyclic damage are explored, with particular attention given to the pore pressure response, radial stresses, shear transfer and particle reorientation.
Webpage Design and Quality of Seaside Tourism Destinations: A Question of Collaboration

The Internet has become increasingly important for promoting tourism destinations. Place branding has become an important marketing tool as destinations use it strategically and tactically to promote their unique advantages. However, at both a strategic and tactical level, place brands have to satisfy the needs of a wide range of stakeholders, often involving long and time consuming channels of negotiation before a strategy is agreed. A consequence is a frequent disjuncture between a place brand ‘as officials wish that it is’ and ‘as it actually is’. This exploratory research analyses different tourism office websites from French and English seaside tourism destinations. Our approach combines two different methods. First, we present the specific communicated images. Second, interviews with officials of these cities compare the communicated image to the desired one. Tourism seaside destination brand image is made up of specific brand image factors. We find that cities with a similar environment communicate elements of their natural settings as well as other brand elements but the communicated image does often not fit with the desired brand image. It is evident that the characteristics of collaboration between different entities impacts on the quality of designed websites.