Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE NATURE OF BIERARUBIUAL CONTROLS IN LIVING HATTER

What is the primary distinction between living and nonliving matter? Is this an arbitrary and subjective distinction or can we state clear, physical and math­ ematical criteria for life? A few decades ago elementary biology textbooks could only approach these questions with a list of imprecise, descriptive properties characterizing life, such as reproduction, irritability, metabolism, cellular structure. Today the corresponding texts give us a detailed list of chemicals, often called the molecular basis of life. Starting with these molecular parts the texts go on to describe how properly integrated collections of these molecules perform most of the basic biological functions. For example, a special collection of amino acids covalently constrained in the
Allergy and Ovalbumin-Induced Asthma in Rodents Is Attenuated by the Aqueous Stem Bark Extract of Triplochiton scleroxylon (K. Schum)

The aqueous stem bark decoction of Triplochiton scleroxylon is used traditionally for the treatment of diabetes, lumbago, oedema and lactation failure. Aim of the study: To investigate the therapeutic value of the aqueous extract of the stem bark of Triplochiton scleroxylon(TS) in allergy and asthma. Materials and methods: The inhibitory effect of TS treatment on IgEdependent mast cell degranulation was assessed in bovine serum albumin-induced cutaneous anaphylaxis. Its effect on non-immunologic reactions was investigated using compound 48/80-induced degranulation of pretreated rat mesentery mast cells. Ovalbumin-induced asthma model was employed to demonstrate TS effect on allergeninduced airway inflammation. Results: The study revealed a significant inhibition of dye extravasation in a local IgE-mediated allergic reaction. Pretreatment of ICR mice with TS (100-500 mg/kg) offered (34.3 70.4 %) inhibition of the reaction area observed 30 min after pinnae antigen challenge. Also, pretreatment of rat mesentery mast cells with TS (500-1000 μg/ml) showed (13.0 61.4 %) inhibition from compound 48/80-induced mast cell degranulation. TS treatment significantly suppressed key parameters of inflammatory damage induced by aerosolized ovalbumin challenge in Guinea pigs. Histopathological studies of lung sections demonstrated a suppression of inflammatory cell infiltration and goblet cell hyperplasia compared to the ovalbumin-sensitized and challenged control Guinea pigs. Differential blood cell count showed a marked reduction of key inflammatory cells such as eosinophils and lymphocytes at 100 -500 mg/kg TS and monocytes and basophils at the highest dose used. Conclusion: TS exhibits significant anti-allergic and antiinflammatory effects with therapeutic potential for the treatment of asthma. Aaron O. Antwi 1 , David D. Obiri 1 *, Newman Osafo 1 , Stephen Antwi 1, 2 , Clifford A. Osafo 3 1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana 2 Centre for Research into Plant Medicine (CRPM), Mampong-Akuapem, Ghana 3 Department of Herbal Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana. Submission: 26 July 2016 Accepted: 1 August 2016 Published: 25 August 2016 www.ijppr. humanjournals.com Citation: David D. Obiri et al. Ijppr.Human, 2016; Vol. 7 (1): 59-77. 60
A New Value Proposition For A Genetic Test Of Hereditary Thrombophilia

Having a genetic predisposition to the formation of blood clots hereditary thrombophilia comes with potentially fatal consequences, being one of the risk factors for developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). VTE is characterized by the pathological formation of blood clots in veins, which can possibly enter blood circulation and obstruct another vessel in the body embolism. The chances of survival after a VTE event tend to decrease over time, being 41.5% eight years after the first pulmonary embolism (PE) [1]. The annual incidence rate of VTE among people of European ancestry varies between 104 and 183 per 100,000 person-years [1]. Given the negative impact of VTE in health, a diagnostic tool which estimates the genetic predisposition to abnormal coagulation is of great value. The goal of this dissertation was to develop a new value proposition for the TromboGene Kit (TRB kit), a genetic test of hereditary thrombophilia developed by Heartgenetics, Genetics Biotechnology, S.A. First, a literature review about hereditary thrombophilia was performed. A statistical analysis followed involving two cohorts of VTE patients and of recurrent miscarriage (RM) patients, a clinical manifestation also of interest, aiming to investigate the association between the test’s genetic panel and those manifestations. The previous steps led to the proposal of alterations to the TRB kit’s current panel, whose impact was then assessed in the product’s future risk prediction model. This work paved the way for the development of a new solid value proposition for the TRB kit.
Facebook as A Competitive Social Media Marketing Tool on Sales Performance for Small and Medium Enterprises in Nakuru CBD, Kenya

Face-book as one of the social media tools has opened a new perspective in the way business is conducted. It has greatly enhanced positive relationship between customers and business. This study sought to determine effects of face-book as one of social media marketing tools for enhancing sale performance in small enterprises in nakuru Central Business DistrictKenya. The study was guided by the following objectives: To explore the use of face-book in customer acquisition in small business enterprises in Nakuru CBD, to examine the effectiveness of face-book in customer retention and to determine the effects of face-book as a social media tool in enhancing sales performance in small business enterprises in Nakuru CBD. The research adopted survey design and targeted 350 registered small enterprises in Nakuru CBD. The sample for the study was 78 small enterprises. Simple random sampling procedure was used to select small enterprises. Primary data was collected by the use of structured questionnaires. The findings indicated thatFace-book as social mediatool for Customer acquisition is an important element in building customer relationship as indicated by 81.7% of the respondents. Regarding customer retention, it was observed that Facebook helps in customer retention as indicated by 75.35% of the respondents. And average of 74.7% of the respondents agreed that Facebook as a social media tool help SMEs in enhancing sales performance. Further Facebook offer the benefits to customers and employees by sharing experiences, companies being more networked and being able to absorb and employ better experienced employees. This translates to increased performance and better service delivery which leads to efficient achievement of corporate goals and objectives. The study recommends that online marketing strategies should be improved by SMEs in order to increase their sales performance.
Weakly Supervised Sequence Tagging from Noisy Rules

We propose a framework for training sequence tagging models with weak supervision consisting of multiple heuristic rules of unknown accuracy. In addition to supporting rules that vote on tags in the output sequence, we introduce a new type of weak supervision, called linking rules, that vote on how sequence elements should be grouped into spans with the same tag. These rules are an alternative to candidate span generators that require significantly more human effort. To estimate the accuracies of the rules and combine their conflicting outputs into training data, we introduce a new type of generative model, linked hidden Markov models (linked HMMs), and prove they are generically identifiable (up to a tag permutation) without any observed training labels. We find that linked HMMs provide an average 7 F1 point boost on benchmark named entity recognition tasks versus generative models that assume the tags are i.i. d. Further, neural sequence taggers trained with these structure-aware generative models outperform comparable state-of-the-art approaches to weak supervision by an average of 2.6 F1 points.
Damage identification in composites through acoustic emission monitoring

In this work, three carbon/glass hybrid composite tubes are instrumented with eight piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS), used as passive receivers of acoustic emission (AE) signals. A three point bending quasi-static loading is conducted, either in a single cycle until failure or incrementally through multiple loading/unloading cycles. In the first instance, AE signal features such as maximum amplitude, peak frequency, signal duration, and energy are used to distinguish between different damage mechanisms such as matrix cracks, delamination, and fibre breakage. The group velocity of the longitudinal modes – L(0,1) and L(0,2) – is obtained experimentally in a pitch-catch configuration between the PWAS network using the time of flight (ToF). The time of arrival (ToA) method is then used to calculate damage source locations from the received AE signals. To involve more signal features for data classification, an unsupervised clustering algorithm is applied to the datasets. Optimisation of the number of clusters is completed by maximising the robustness and minimising the uncertainty of the final result. It is found that the temporal evolution of clusters indicate the ability to distinguish between the initiation and growth of damage, as well as identifying non-damage related signals caused by extraneous noise or related to the test set-up.
Alcalosis metabólica hipoclorémica o alcalosis de iones fuertes: una revisión

Over the past 100 years numerous studies sought to elucidate the mechanisms of acid-base balance in humans and animals. Based on these investigations, different approaches have been developed; among them, the model proposed by Henderson-Hasselbalch (H-H) is the most widespread in the medical and medical-veterinary community. In recent years, another method proposed by Stewart has gained importance, and it corresponds to the strong ion difference, which aims to take a broader look in order to understand the different processes involved in acid-base balance. Both in human and veterinary medicine, one of the most common acid-base disorder in ICUs is hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis, which results from vomiting in humans and from abomasal disorders in ruminants. This disorder can remain for long periods during which acidic urine occurs and it is known as paradoxical aciduria develops. This article reviews the different pathophysiological mechanisms occurring during this acid-base disorder and the different approaches to explain its occurrence.
About the possibility of defining a standard method for iron loss measurement in soft magnetic materials with inverter supply

Due to the increase of electromagnetic and electromechanical devices supplied by static converters, the classification and evaluation of energetic behaviour of soft magnetic materials, with nonsinusoidal supply, is becoming mandatory. In this paper the possibility of defining a standard methodology for the specific iron loss measurement (iron losses per mass unity), with static supply, is analyzed. In particular the paper underlines the main problems which can be found when standard magnetic measurements are carried out with nonsinusoidal sources. Since PWM inverters represent an industrial standard solution as supply source, the problem is analyzed using common magnetic materials and taking into account the effects due to the inverter characteristics, as an example modulation index, switching frequency, modulation technique. In addition in the paper a basic structure of a standard test bench is proposed, also taking into consideration the required instrumentation.
Critical Strain for Dynamic Recrystallisation. The Particular Case of Steels

The knowledge of the flow behavior of metallic alloys subjected to hot forming operations has particular interest for metallurgists in the practice of industrial forming processes involving high temperatures (e.g., rolling, forging, and/or extrusion operations). Dynamic recrystallisation (DRX) occurs during high temperature forming over a wide range of metals and alloys, and it is known to be a powerful tool that can be used to control the microstructure and mechanical properties. Therefore, it is important to know, particularly in low stacking fault energy materials, the precise time at which DRX is available to act. Under a constant strain rate condition, and for a given temperature, such a time is defined as a critical strain (εc). Unfortunately, this critical value is not always directly measurable on the flow curve; as a result, different methods have been developed to derive it. Focused on carbon and microalloyed steels subjected to laboratory-scale testing, in the present work, the state of art on the critical strain for the initiation of DRX is reviewed and summarized. A review of the different methods and expressions for assessing the critical strain is also included. The collected data are well suited to feeding constitutive models and computational codes.
Learning Depth from Single Monocular Images Using Stereo Supervisory Input

—Stereo vision systems are often employed in robotics as a means for obstacle avoidance and navigation. These systems have inherent depth-sensing limitations, with signiﬁcant problems in occluded and untextured regions, leading to sparse depth maps. We propose using a monocular depth estimation algorithm to tackle these problems, in a Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) framework. The algorithm learns online from the sparse depth map generated by a stereo vision system, producing a dense depth map. The algorithm is designed to be computationally efﬁcient, for implementation onboard resource-constrained mobile robots and unmanned aerial vehicles. Within that context, it can be used to provide both reliability against a stereo camera failure, as well as more accurate depth perception, by ﬁlling in missing depth information, in occluded and low texture regions. This in turn allows the use of more efﬁcient sparse stereo vision algorithms. We test the algorithm ofﬂine on a new, high resolution, stereo dataset, of scenes shot in indoor environments, and processed using both sparse and dense stereo matching algorithms. It is shown that the algorithm’s performance doesn’t deteriorate, and in fact sometimes improves, when learning only from sparse, high conﬁdence regions rather than from the computationally expensive, dense, occlusion-ﬁlled and highly post-processed dense depth maps. This makes the approach very promising for self-supervised learning on autonomous robots.
A Study on the TOR Data Communication System

: Since the day the Internet became a common and reliable mechanism for communication and data transfer, security officers and enthusiasts rallied to enforce security standards on data transported over the globe. Whenever a user tries communicating with another recipient on the Internet, vital information is sent over different networks until the information is dropped, in-tercepted, or normally reaches the recipient. Critical information traversing networks is usually encrypted. In order to conceal the sender’s identity, different implementations have proven successful - one of which is the invention of anonymous networks. This paper thoroughly investigates one of the most common and existing techniques used during data communication for avoiding traffic analysis as well as assuring data integrity - the onion router (TOR). The paper also scrupulously presents the benefits and drawbacks of TOR
Lacrimal trephine vs punch in external dacryocystorhinostomy: The surgeon’s choice

Aim: A prospective comparative study to describe the surgical outcomes of external DCR using Kerrisons punch vs Lacrimal trephine. Materials and Methods: A prospective comparative study involving 56 consecutive patients of age group 30-70 years over a period of 3 years who were randomly divided into two Groups. Group 1(n=28) underwent external conventional DCR using kerrisons punch as against group 2 (n=28) where trephine was used for osteotomy. Result: Procedure success rate among Kerrisons group was 92.85% (26) vs 89.28% (25) in lacrimal Trephine group which is found to be comparable. Overall success rate was 91.07% (51). Need of general anaesthesia, more bleeding, longer operative time in group 1versus higher chance of nasal mucosal damage in group 2 was noticed. Patients were followed up for six months after surgery. Conclusion: Kerrison punch showed almost comparable success rate to lacrimal trephine group but higher operating time for external DCR. Lacrimal trephine is relatively easier to perform, requiring shorter duration at skilled hands. Keywords: DCR, Trephine, Lacrimal, Punch.
Security Analysis of Lucas Based El-Gamal Cryptosystem in the Elliptic Curve Group Over Finite Field using Two Types of GMITM Attacks

The success of Garbage-man-in-the-middle (GMITM) attack relies on the possibility to access to the ”bin” of recipient in the cryptosystem. It is capable to recover the original plaintext by granting an entry to the ”bin”. There are basically two types of GMITM attacks, a polynomial attack and a homomorphic attacks. In this paper, an investigation was carried out to evaluate the polynomial structure of cryptosystem and the nature of a homomorphic attack on cryptosystem. The results show that
$D$-centro dominating sets in graphs

In this paper a new concept D-centro dominating set in graphs is introduced and graphs are characterized with some results. A subset S⊂V (G) of a connected graph G is said to be D-centro dominating set of G, if for every v ∈V −S, there exists a vertex u in S such that D(u,v) = Rad(G). The minimum cardinality of the D-centro dominating set is called D-centro domination number, denoted by DCγ(G). The D-centro dominating set with cardinality DCγ(G) is called DCγ -set of G. Some bounds for the D-centro domination number are determined. An important realization result on D-centro domination number is proved that for any integers a and b with 2≤ a≤ b, there exists a connected graph G such that DCγ(G) = a and DC(G) = b.
Generation Rescheduling for Congestion Management Using Relative Electrical Distance

After Electricity Act 2003, power system trend is to replace the previous regulated public utilities with competitive power markets. However, the development of the restructured power systems has been accompanied by many problems, such as capacity storage, transmission congestion, wholesale electricity price volatility and reduced system reliability. In a competitive electricity market, congestion occurs when the transmission network is unable to accommodate all of the desired transactions due to a violation of system operating limits.In this paper, Relative Electrical Distance (RED) concept is used to optimize rescheduling of generators in order to relieve congestion in transmissions lines. In Relative Electrical Distance (RED) concept, relative location of the load nodes is found with respect to the generator nodes. Also contribution of each generator for overloading to the loads and line flows and tried to reschedule with the minimum losses in the system for relieving congestion in transmission system. Simple radial network is considered as initial test system and then six bus test system is used to demonstrate the rescheduling of generators and relieve congestion with the use of Relative Electrical Distance. Newton-Raphson A.C. Load flow method is applied for 6-Bus sample test system and results are carried out using m.file in MATLAB software.
Thrombolysis in Neuromedicine Bridging Concepts for the Management of Acute Brain Infarction with Occlusion of Intracranial Vessels

Background: The treatment of patients with cerebral infarction due to vascular stenosis/occlusion includes a range of therapeutic options such as intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) application, thrombocyte aggregation inhibition, anticoagulation, intraarterial thrombolytic medication as well as carotid endarterectomy and endovascular procedures (angioplasty or stenting of extra- and intracranial vessels). Both the drug therapies and endovascular techniques are expected to expand significantly over the next few years. The challenge consists in achieving optimal patient selection for specific therapeutic options. Objective: This position paper is a review and expert consensus document in neuromedicine, concerning the bridging concept in neurovascular diseases. It is the authors’ approach to propose guidelines designed to ensure that patients with acute stroke who may be candidates for rapid revascularization have a chance to receive this type of treatment. In this ongoing multidisciplinary discussion all organizational, technical and personnel resources provided by stroke centers and cooperating hospitals should be harmonized and optimized. To ensure that no valuable time is lost and that the available time is used optimally, it may make sense to start systemic application of rtPA for thrombolysis following a diagnosis of nonhemorrhagic brain infarct and confirmation of suitability by means of teleneuromedical systems (TNS) until interventional therapy options or intraarterial local treatment can be initiated. This so-called bridging technique can further increase the success rate of treatment compared to exclusive intraarterial procedures. Outlook and Recommendations: Endovascular therapeutic options are still considered difficult, expensive, and risky, and should be reserved for specialized centers with experienced staff. Therefore, the selection process must be extensive, thorough and precise and patients must be allocated to centers without delay. Through the diffusion of certain techniques, in particular CT- or MRI-guided techniques (CTA, CTP, MRA, DWI, PWI), specific endovascular therapy protocols can be customized to select certain subtypes of stroke. Optimal pathways for specific infarct subtypes, where combined therapy strategies (bridging concepts) are perhaps most attractive, but fairly difficult to establish, should be developed in the near future.
CHIMERIC MELANOCORTIN MC3 RECEPTOR: EVIDENCE INDICATING THAT THE SECOND EXTRACELLULAR LOOP OF THE HUMAN MC3 RECEPTOR DOES NOT PARTICIPATE IN AGRP BINDING

The melanocortin receptors are G protein-coupled receptors that have substantial structural similarities and bind the melanocortin peptides. Previous studies have shown that the endogenous antagonist Agouti-related protein (AGRP) binds three of the five known subtypes of the melanocortin receptors. In our study, we constructed a series of chimeric MC3R in order to identify the domains of MC3R that contribute to bind and interact with AGRP. Substitution of the extracytoplasmic loops (exoloops) of MC3R with homologous domains of MC1R were made. Results revealed that the first and third exoloops of the MC3R are required for the correct addressing of the receptor to the cell membrane since their substitution resulted in an intracellular retention of the chimeric receptor and thus abolished the activation of the receptor. The substitution of the second exoloop of the MC3R with the homologous loop of the MC1R did not inactivate the chimeric receptor (MC3-EL2MC1R) that correctly responded to the agonist NDP-MSH stimulation. Moreover, AGRP decreased 125I-NDP-MSH binding and intracellular cAMP production in this chimeric receptor as in the wild-type MC3R. These results confirm that the second exoloop of the human MC3R is not involved in NDP-MSH binding and suggest that it does not participate to AGRP binding.