Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrated G2V/V2G Switched Reluctance Motor Drive With Sensing Only Switch-Bus Current

In this article, the integrated drive for three-phase switched reluctance motor (three-phase SRM) is proposed, and it combines a battery-powered bidirectional dc/dc converter to provide bidirectional power transfer in practice. In the proposed integrated drive, there is no relay to reconfigure and no need to add separate charging/discharging units and circuit components. Only one physical current sensor is used to sense the switch-bus current to provide all current signals not only for SRM driving, but also grid-to-vehicle/vehicle-to-grid functions at a standstill. The proposed integrated drive and its control are implemented and demonstrated by the provided results.
THE DECLINING HEGEMONY OF THE UNITED STATES AND THE GROWING INFLUENCE OF CHINA: A CRITICAL PERSPECTIVE ON POWER TRANSITION THEORY IN THE 21ST CENTURY

The apparent eroding in the hegemonic power of the United States and the sustained growth of China has triggered debate as to whether the rise of China will be peaceful or conflictual. Structural realism posits that the world is characterised by the anarchic ordering principle in which there is no central authority sitting above the states. Therefore, the absence of a “leviathan” on the international system automatically makes every state equal on the system which created an atmosphere of competition for the maximisation of power for survival. On a similar line of reasoning, the Power Transition theory as a variant theory within realism postulates that when the international system is structured based on the principle of hierarchy, peace will reign. It means that when international relations are regulated and influenced by a dominant power, the international system becomes stable. But the emergence of a dissatisfied powerful nation to challenge the hegemon usually ends up in war. Based on this assumption, Power Transition theorists argued that the rise of China to rival the dominance of the United States could not be peaceful. The Power Transition theory has influenced many academics to have the belief that the two nations will end up in “Thucydides’ Trap”. This belief has aggravated the matter beyond the reasonable level and has instilled panic in the mind of foreign policymakers which could jeopardise world peace and international cooperation. Hence, this paper aims to critically evaluate the deficiency of the Power Transition theory in the 21 st century in explaining the current United States-China relations and the prospect of peace or war between the two nations using process tracing. Accordingly, in this paper, it is argued that in the 21 st century, an armed confrontation between the United States and China is highly unlikely. Because in today’s world, nations (including the United States and China) are intertwined by the forces of globalisation which created inexorable economic interdependence. Additionally, there is rapid advancement in military technology and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction which came with the concept of Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD). Consequently, there is a need to revisit the Power Transition theory to accommodate contemporary factors. The inclusion of the current variables into the Theory will make it applicable and adequately fit in the discourse of international relations and global politics of the 21 st -century international system.
Exchange Speed of Four-Component Nanorotors Correlates with Hammett Substituent Constants

Three distinct four-component supramolecular nanorotors were prepared, using, for the first time, bipyridine instead of phenanthroline stations in the stator. Following our established self-sorting protocol to multicomponent nanodevices, the nanorotors were self-assembled by mixing the stator, rotators with various pyridine head groups, copper(I) ions and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2. 2]octane (DABCO). Whereas the exchange of a phenanthroline vs. a bipyridine station did not entail significant changes in the rotational exchange frequency, the para-substituents at the pyridine head group of the rotator had drastic consequences on the speed: 4-OMe (k298 = 35 kHz), 4-H (k298 = 77 kHz) and 4-NO2 (k298 = 843 kHz). The exchange frequency (log k) showed an excellent linear correlation with both the Hammett substituent constants and log K of the copper(I)–ligand interaction, proving that rotator–copper(I) bond cleavage is the key determining factor in the rate-determining step.
Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of Cool Stars from IUE

Observations of cool stars with the IUE satellite have shown that although main sequence stars have uv spectra similar to that of the sun, the spectra of the giants and supergiants are dominated by lines of neutral atoms and singly charged ions. The atmospheres of the low gravity stars are greatly extended and there is a large opacity in the stronger lines. This leads to multiple scattering and the appearance of many transitions through line 'leakage'. A review is given of how high resolution IUE spectra have allowed line identifications to be established and some current problems are discussed. The spectroscopic diagnostic techniques for the low gravity, low density atmospheres are also briefly outlined.
In vitro Metabolic Studies of Dopamine Synthesis and the Toxicity of L-DOPA in Human Cells

In vitro Metabolic Studies of Dopamine Synthesis and the Toxicity of L-DOPA in Human Cells by Sylvie DELCAMBRE This work is divided in two parts. In the first, I investigated the effects of 2,3dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-DOPA) on the metabolism of human tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neuronal LUHMES cells. L-DOPA is the gold standard treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD) and its effects on cellular metabolism are controversial. It induced a re-routing of intracellular carbon supplies. While glutamine contribution to tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates increased, glucose contribution to the same metabolites decreased. Carbon contribution from glucose was decreased in lactate and was compensated by an increased pyruvate contribution. Pyruvate reacted with hydrogen peroxide generated during the auto-oxidation of L-DOPA and lead to an increase of acetate in the medium. In the presence of L-DOPA, this acetate was taken up by the cells. In combination with an increased glutamate secretion, all these results seem to point towards a mitochondrial complex II inhibition. In the second part of this work, I studied and compared dopamine (DA)-producing in vitro systems. First, I compared gene and protein expression of catecholamine (CA)related genes. Then, I performed molecular engineering to increase TH expression in LUHMES and SH-SY5Y cells. This was sufficient to induce DA production in SH-SY5Y, but not in LUHMES cells, indicating that TH expression is not sufficient to characterize dopaminergic neurons. Therefore I used SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing TH to study substrates for DA production. Upon overexpression of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), LUHMES cells produced DA after L-DOPA supplementation. This model was useful to study L-DOPA uptake in LUHMES cells and I showed that L-DOPA is imported via large amino acid transporter (LAT). In conclusion, the expression of TH is not sufficient to obtain a DA-producing cell system and this work opened many and answered some questions about DA metabolism.
Tribological and Mechanical Properties of Multicomponent CrVTiNbZr(N) Coatings

Multi-element material coating systems have received much attention for improving the mechanical performance in industry. However, they are still focused on ternary systems and seldom beyond quaternary ones. High entropy alloy (HEA) bulk material and thin films are systems that are each comprised of at least five principal metal elements in equally matched proportions, and some of them are found possessing much higher strength than traditional alloys. In this study, CrVTiNbZr high entropy alloy and nitrogen contained CrVTiNbZr(N) nitride coatings were synthesized using high ionization cathodic-arc deposition. A chromium-vanadium alloy target, a titanium-niobium alloy target and a pure zirconium target were used for the deposition. By controlling the nitrogen content and cathode current, the CrNbTiVZr(N) coating with gradient or multilayered composition control possessed different microstructures and mechanical properties. The effect of the nitrogen content on the chemical composition, microstructure and mechanical properties of the CrVTiNbZr(N) coatings was investigated. Compact columnar microstructure was obtained for the synthesized CrVTiNbZr(N) coatings. The CrVTiNbZrN coating (HEAN-N165), which was deposited with nitrogen flow rate of 165 standard cubic centimeters per minute (sccm), exhibited slightly blurred columnar and multilayered structures containing CrVN, TiNbN and ZrN. The design of multilayered CrVTiNbZrN coatings showed good adhesion strength. Improvement of adhesion strength was obtained with composition-gradient interlayers. The CrVTiNbZrN coating with nitrogen content higher than 50 at. % possessed the highest hardness (25.2 GPa) and the resistance to plastic deformation H3/E*2 (0.2 GPa) value, and therefore the lowest wear rate was obtained because of high abrasion wear resistance.
FABRICATION OF SODIUM ALGINATE/GUM GHATTI IPN MICROBEADS INTERCALATED WITH KAOLIN NANO CLAY FOR CONTROLLED RELEASE OF CURCUMIN

Objective: The objective of this study is to fabricate sodium alginate (SA)/gum ghatti (GG) microbeads intercalated with Kaolin (KA) nano clay for the sustained release of curcumin (CUR). Methods: The microbeads were prepared by a simple ionotropic gelation technique. The developed beads were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (X-RD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Swelling studies and in vitro release studies were investigated under both pH 7.4 and pH 1.2 at 37 °C. Results: The developed microbeads were characterized by FTIR, which confirms the interaction between CUR, polymeric matrix and KA. DSC and XRD analysis reveals that the CUR has molecularly dispersed in the polymer matrix. In vitro results illustrated that microbeads were influenced by the pH of test media, which might be suitable for intestinal drug delivery. The drug release mechanism was analyzed by fitting the release data into different kinetic equations and n values are obtained in the range of 0.609-0.640, suggesting that the developed microbeads showed the non-Fickian diffusion type drug release. Conclusion: These results clearly illustrated that the developed KA intercalated polymeric microbeads are potential drug carriers for the controlled release of CUR.
Processability of late-lactation milk from a spring-calved dairy herd

The processability of late-lactation milk from a spring-calved herd in Ireland was investigated. A group of 26 cows with a mean calving date of 16 February was established. Bulk milk from this group was collected at two consecutive milkings weekly and analysed over an experimental period extending from 22 September to 21 December. The 13 weeks of the experiment were divided into two periods for statistical analysis: Period 1, 22 September to 3 November while cows were on pasture; and Period 2, 4 November to 21 December when cows were indoors. The fat and lactose contents in milk were similar in Periods 1 and 2. The N fraction contents comprising total protein, casein, casein number and whey protein did not differ significantly between the two periods. The renneting properties of milk at both natural and adjusted pH (6.6) were not affected by lactation period. Somatic cell count, polymorphonuclear leukocyte level and plasmin activity also remained similar as the trial progressed. However, plasminogen levels, together with the plasminogen: plasmin ratio, were reduced (p<0.05) in the period 4 November to 21 December and the free fatty acid level in the milk was higher (p<0.001) in the later period compared to the earlier period examined. In conclusion, good composition and processing characteristics of milk from spring-calved cows can largely be sustained to the end of lactation when good herd management practices are in place.
A 61-GHz Rectifier Using Internal Voltage Cancellation and Body-Biasing Techniques in 22-nm FDSOI

This letter presents a millimeter-wave (mm-wave) two-stage rectifier. It is designed to power a backscattering low voltage RFID tag system providing the maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) at low output voltages. It utilizes the internal voltage cancellation (IVC) scheme as well as forward body-biasing (BB) for internal MOS transistors’ threshold compensation. A low voltage charge pump is used to generate the differential body bias voltages. An oscillator with regulated power supply is designed to provide a clock signal to the charge pump at very low voltages. It provides 9% PCE at −13-dBm input power and 33- $\text{k}\Omega $ equivalent loading. It has also −13-dBm sensitivity for 1-V output voltage for the open load condition.
Improving word embedding quality with innovative automated approaches to hyperparameters

Deep learning practices have a great impact in many areas. Big data and significant hardware developments are the main reasons behind deep learning success. Recent advances in deep learning have led to significant improvements in text analysis and classification. Progress in the quality of word representation is an important factor among these improvements. In this study, we aimed to develop word2vec word representation, also called embedding, by automatically optimizing hyperparameters. Minimum word count, vector size, window size, negative sample, and iteration number were used to improve word embedding. We introduce two approaches for setting hyperparameters that are faster than grid search and random search. Word embeddings were created using documents of approximately 300 million words. We measured the quality of word embedding using a deep learning classification model on documents of 10 different classes. It was observed that the optimization of the values of hyperparameters alone increased classification success by 9%. In addition, we demonstrate the benefits of our approaches by comparing the semantic and syntactic relations between word embedding using default and optimized hyperparameters.
Unveiling geothermal potential sites along Gulf of Suez (Egypt) using an integrated geoscience approach

The appraisal of geothermal sites along Gulf of Suez, is important to develop the renewable energy resources in Egypt. An integrated approach based on remote sensing, Geographic Information System and geophysical methods were used to predict the ubication of promising geothermal sites. Multi‐source datasets were selected, analysed and integrated to develop a Geothermal Potential Model. Information‐Value and Weight‐of‐Evidence analyses were adopted to derive ranks and weights to spatial factors and their classes. The spatial factors were summarized in eight thematic maps indicating the possible sites of geothermal reservoirs. The developed geothermal potential model defines the promising sites, which are distributed in Ras‐Badran, Ras‐Matarma, Abu‐Durba, El‐Tur and some other locations in southwestern Gulf of Suez. Seismic interpretation is a fundamental tool for depicting subsurface major faults controlling the geothermal reservoir in the promising sites. The holistic integrated approach provides a powerful technique to design development plans in the study area.
New Theory Explains the Evolution of the Universe Based on Energy Analysis

This paper solves the paradox in Einstein’s general theory of relativity, revisits the relationship between energy and mass, and corrects the process of evolution of the universe. The universe evolves according to the principle of entropy increase. When the entropy increases to a maximum, the universe will eliminate all constraints and reach a stable equilibrium. The universe as a whole is a smart model. The overall evolution process is as follows: The first thing that exists in the universe is energy. Then, material is formed in the universe, and matter will be annihilated. Eventually, only the energy exists in the evolution of the universe. At the same time, in the process of the evolution of the universe, time is not the fourth dimension independent of space, and space and time are integrated. Time is non-existent when space is uniform, and space changes are called time. Time also does not exist at first, then appears, and will eventually disappear. Through the deduction of the evolution process of the universe, it is concluded that mass is the form of existence of energy, and mass objects are produced by energy. In addition, this article clarifies the definition of generalized manifold.
Fate and transport of wastewater-derived disinfection by-products in surface waters

Disinfection by-products (DBPs) discharged into surface waters from upstream wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) may result in occurrence of DBPs in downstream drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). This article evaluates the effects of five biogeochemical mechanisms (biodegradation, photolysis, hydrolysis, volatilization, and adsorption) on the fate of several types of DBPs in surface waters that receive disinfected wastewater discharges. Pseudo-first order rate constants of the five mechanisms were obtained from literature reviews, laboratory experiments and/or quantitative structure-activity relationships. The dominant removal mechanism for each DBP class is: 1) volatilization for trihalomethanes (THMs), 2) biodegradation for dihalogenated haloacetic acids (HAAs), 3) hydrolysis for haloacetonitriles (HANs), and 4) photolysis for nitrosoamines (NAs), while adsorption of DBPs onto suspended solids is not important for all classes. The receiving watetbody geometry (width, depth), flowrate, and meteorological conditions are also important factors affecting the fate of DBPs.
Nonlinear filtering of stochastic differential equations with correlated Lévy noises

The work concerns nonlinear filtering problems of stochastic differential equations with correlated Lévy noises. First, we establish the Kushner–Stratonovich and Zakai equations through martingale representation theorems and the Kallianpur–Striebel formula. Second, we show the pathwise uniqueness and uniqueness in joint law of weak solutions for the Zakai equation. Finally, we investigate the uniqueness in joint law of weak solutions to the Kushner–Stratonovich equation.
Guidance of surface elastic waves along a linear chain of pillars

The propagation of surface elastic waves, or surface phonons, is considered along a linear and periodic chain of cylindrical pillars sitting on a semi-infinite solid substrate. A variety of guided modes, some of them exhibiting a very low group velocity, are shown to exist at frequencies close to the resonance frequencies of the pillars. Although the pillar diameter is typically smaller than half the relevant wavelength, lateral radiation on the surface is found to be canceled. Surface guidance is explained by the hybridization of the resonating pillars with the continuum of elastic waves of the substrate.
Continuing processes of uneven development in post-apartheid South Africa

ABSTRACT Despite the multitude of political and economic changes in post-apartheid South Africa, poverty is being relocated from former Bantustans and townships to peri-urban areas. Examining historical economic and planning policies, and changing social relations near Polokwane, South Africa, this research provides an uneven development analysis of South Africa’s post-apartheid urban landscape. A mixed methods approach is applied to demonstrate new spatial configurations of inequality within and between peri-urban areas. The research concludes that neo-liberal urbanisms, local labor relations and local planning policies combined with the coproduction of peri-urban landscapes, shape new patterns of uneven development in post-apartheid South Africa.
Active phased array antenna based on DDS

The use of active phased-array antenna in communication system can bring about not only improved system performance, but also extended functions, so it has found its ever-broadly applications in communication system. This paper introduces an active phased-array antenna system that has eight antenna elements without RF phase shifters. The antenna system consists of planar array, digital T/R modules, receiving DBF; system control /analysis software, etc. Its basic theory is that in transmitting channel, the traditional RFphase shifter and attenuator are replaced by direct digital synthesizer (DDS). As the operating frequency of DDS available is not sufficiently high, the upper frequency converter is used to convert the frequency to required system operating frequency (2.0 GHz). In transmitting mode, through controlling DDS, the amplitude and phase weights needed for transmit beam formation and the LO signals needed for upper frequency conversion are produced. In receiving mode, through controlling DDS, the LO signals is needed for down frequency conversion for the received signal are produced. The resultant digital I/Q signals are used to form the receive beam. This paper introduces in detail the ways and results of an experiment on an active phased array antenna based on DDS. Through the research on the eight-element active phased array antenna based on DDS, the notable virtues of DDS technology in phased array antenna, and the potential applications of the phased array antenna in communications are proven.
An Analysis of the Curriculum Requirements among Hospitality and Tourism Management Programs Worldwide in AACSB Colleges of Business

ABSTRACT Many of the leading hospitality and tourism degree programs around the globe are nested within business schools accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB). These programs offered within AACSB business schools include various formats such as undergraduate majors, concentrations, and minors involving specialized hospitality courses as well as general business courses in their core requirements. This study reviews the undergraduate curricula of all 43 AACSB accredited programs worldwide to identify variance in course offerings. Along these lines, this study finds that several general core business courses are offered more frequently inside the U.S. in comparison to curricula outside the U.S.; similarly, several specialized hospitality and tourism courses are more commonly offered outside the U.S. It is hoped that educators preparing students for careers in this field will find this benchmarking data useful in their own program development efforts within colleges of business.
Multimodal recognition of emotions in music and language

We investigated through electrophysiological recordings how music-induced emotions are recognized and combined with the emotional content of written sentences. Twenty-four sad, joyful, and frightening musical tracks were presented to 16 participants reading 270 short sentences conveying a sad, joyful, or frightening emotional meaning. Audiovisual stimuli could be emotionally congruent or incongruent with each other; participants were asked to pay attention and respond to filler sentences containing cities’ names, while ignoring the rest. The amplitude values of event-related potentials (ERPs) were subjected to repeated measures ANOVAs. Distinct electrophysiological markers were identified for the processing of stimuli inducing fear (N450, either linguistic or musical), for language-induced sadness (P300) and for joyful music (positive P2 and LP potentials). The music/language emotional discordance elicited a large N400 mismatch response (p = .032). Its stronger intracranial source was the right superior temporal gyrus (STG) devoted to multisensory integration of emotions. The results suggest that music can communicate emotional meaning as distinctively as language.