Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of differences in climate on growth, wood, and pulp properties of nine eucalypt species at two sites.

Growth and wood properties of trees from nine eucalypt species in trials at two different sites were measured to evaluate the influence of environment. A large difference in mean annual temperature between the two sites had little effect on species ranking for most properties. There were significant differences between sites for growth (diameter, height, and volume), wood (lignin, pentosans, and density) and pulp (yield, alkali consumption, rate of delignification, and brightness) properties, but a greater proportion of the variation occurred between and within species for all properties except wood density. E. fraxinoides, E. smithii, and E. oreades were the most desirable species because of high pulp yield, fiber yield, and brightness but low kappa number and alkall consumption. There was a significant site-by-species interaction for mass of fiber per tree as well as a significant difference between species, suggesting that improvement could be best achieved through a combination of selecting between trees and species as well as by matching the species to the growing site. Improvements in the other important pulp properties mostly depended on species selection for a particular site. Application : this paper provides information on some of the variation (genetic and environmental) that occurs in eucalypt timber and suggests how it is best managed.
Application of high frequency ultrasound in knee joint lesions of elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Objective To investigate the application of high frequency ultrasound in knee joint lesions of elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods Fifty patients with rheumatoid arthritis were collected in Yangpu Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University from March 2015 to December 2016 as test group.Fifty healthy elderly people without knee joint lesion were randomly selected as control group.High frequency ultrasound was used to examine the patients in the test group and the Results of this examination were used to compare with those of the control group and observe four indexes: patellofemoral effusion, synovial thickness, cartilage thickness and blood flow in the lesion area.Results There was only a small amount of synovial fluid in the articular cavity in the control group, the thickness was (2.11± 0.94) mm, while the thickness of the test group was (10.33±2.74) mm, the difference was statistically significant (t=17.03, P<0.05); in the control group, there was no synovial hyperplasia, the thickness was (1.11±0.24) mm, while the thickness of the test group was (5.48±2.74) mm which was significantly higher than that of the control group (t=13.18, P<0.05); in the control group, the cartilage tissue was striated without echo band, the thickness was (1.76±0.29) mm, while the cartilage tissue of the experimental group had lesion, the thickness was (1.12±0.12) mm lower than that of the control group and the difference was statistically significant (t=6.44, P<0.05); in the control group, there was no blood flow signal in the joint cavity, while low-speed blood flow signal could be seen in the joint cavity of the test group, the difference was statistically significant (0 vs.96%, χ2=6.44, P<0.05). Conclusion High frequency ultrasonography is effective in the treatment of senile rheumatoid arthritis with high specificity, high sensitivity, low cost, high efficiency and simple operation and it is not subject to external conditions.Therefore, it is suitable for early examination of senile rheumatoid arthritis and clinical promotion. Key words: High frequency ultrasound; Rheumatoid arthritis; Knee joint
An Auditing Imperative for Automated Hiring

Even as laws have been enacted to grant equal opportunity to job applicants, new socio-technical developments have ushered in novel mechanisms for discrimination. The high bar of proof to demonstrate a disparate impact cause of action under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, coupled with the “black box” nature of many automated hiring systems, renders the detection and redress of bias in such algorithmic systems difficult. This Article, with contributions at the intersection of administrative law, employment & labor law, and law & technology, makes the central claim that the automation of hiring both facilitates and obfuscates employment discrimination. That phenomenon and the deployment of intellectual property law as a shield against the scrutiny of automated systems combine to form an insurmountable obstacle for disparate impact claimants. The first contribution of this Article then is an eye-opening, in-depth examination of how bias is introduced, replicated, and also hidden by automated hiring systems. The second contribution is a hybrid approach to remedies that moves beyond the litigation-based paradigm in employment law to include redress mechanisms from administrative and labor law. To ensure against the identified “bias in, bias out” phenomenon associated with automated decision-making, I argue that the goal of equal opportunity in employment creates an “auditing imperative” for algorithmic hiring systems. This auditing imperative mandates both internal and external audits of automated hiring systems, as well as record-keeping initiatives for job applications. Such audit requirements have precedent in other areas of law, as they are not dissimilar to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) audits in labor law or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act audit requirements in securities law. Conjointly, I propose that employers that subject their automated hiring platforms to external audits could receive a certification mark, “the Fair Automated Hiring Mark,” which would serve to positively distinguish them in the labor market. I also discuss how labor law mechanisms such as collective bargaining could be an effective approach to combating the bias in automated hiring by establishing criteria for the data deployed in automated employment decision-making and creating standards for the protection and portability of said data. The Article concludes by noting that automated hiring, which captures a vast array of applicant data, merits greater legal oversight given the potential for “algorithmic blackballing,” a phenomenon that could continue to thwart an applicant’s future job bids.
Kemampuan hambat ekstrak temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) terhadap adhesi bakteri Streptococcus mutans

Background : Streptococcus mutans is the most cariogenic microorganism in the oral cavity. Streptococcus mutans has the ability to use dietary carbohydrates, such as sucrose, to synthesize extracellular polysaccharides (glucan and fructan) through glucosyltransferase and fructosyltransferase. Extracellular polysaccharide has a role in promoting the adhesion of bacteria. Chlorhexidine is the gold standard as antiplaque agent but chlorhexidine is not fully able to inhibit the adhesion of bacteria because it has an effect that can increase gtfC and gtfD expression on S. mutans in planktonic form. Temulawak extract (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. ) contains of curcumin, xanthorrhizol, saponin, flavonoid and tannin that have an effect to inhibit activity and secretion of glucosyltransferase and fructosyltransferase. Purpose : The aim of this study is to find out the ability of temulawak extract (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. ) to inhibit adhesion of Streptococcus mutans. Method : This study was designed as an experimental laboratory study with post test only control group design using Streptococcus mutans. Temulawak was extracted using maceration method. The number of bacteria that can perform adhesion to the tooth surface can be determined by performing calculations using formulas plate count method. Result : Temulawak extract (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb .) at concentrations of 25%, 37.5%, 50% and chlorhexidine can inhibit bacterial adhesion of Streptococcus mutans. Conclusion : Temulawak extract at concentration of 50% and 37.5% has the best ability to inhibit the adhesion of bacteria among other treatment groups.
Measuring Brand Favorability Using Large-Scale Social Media Data

For decades, brand managers have monitored brand health with the use of consumer surveys, which have been refined to address issues related to sampling bias, response bias, leading questions, etc. However, with the advance of Web 2.0 and the internet, consumers have turned to social media to express their opinions on a variety of topics and, subsequently, have generated an extremely large amount of interaction data with brands. Analyzing these publicly available data to measure brand health has attracted great research attention. In this study, we focus on developing a method to measure brand favorability while accounting for the measure biases exhibited by social media posters. Specifically, we propose a probabilistic graphical model–based collective inference framework and implement a block-based Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling technique to obtain an adjusted brand favorability measure that is correlated with traditional survey-based measures used by brands. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our model, we evaluate it using more than 3,300 brands and about 205 million unique users that interact with those brands collected through Facebook. Our model performs very well, providing brand managers with a new method to more accurately measure consumer opinions toward the brand using social media data.
The safety and efficacy of tirofiban on prevention of vascular reocclusion following mechanical thrombectomy for in situ thrombosis

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of low-dose platelet glycoprotein Ⅱb/Ⅲa antagonist tirofiban on preventing reocclusion during mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for in situ thrombosis(IST). Methods It is a retrospective cohort study, and 112 patients treated with MT, from the Nanjing Prospective Stroke Registration, were enrolled from February 2014 to October 2014. During MT, if angiography after a successful recanalization(defined as Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction(TICI) 2b/3) showed residual stenosis at the site of occlusion, additional angiographies were made every 10 min for 30 min. Then, if angiography displayed reocclusion in the corresponding vessels, a repeat recanalization was operated, followed by a low dose intra-arterial tirofiban infusion. MRA or CT angiography (CTA) was implemented to identify intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS) 5-7 days after the procedure. The patients with confirmed ICAS were enrolled in the IST group. The rest were enrolled in the non-in situ thrombosis (NIST) group. Results A total of 80 patients with acute cerebral infarction were enrolled in the study. IST rate was 32.5%(26/80). All IST patients were confirmed ICAS by follow-up vascular imaging. Instant reocclusion after successful recanalization was significantly more common in the IST group(57.7%(15/26) vs 3.7%(2/54); χ2=30.568, P=0.000) than in the NIST group. In the case of the efficacy and safety of low-dose intra-arterial tirofiban infusion, 82.6%(19/23) of the reocclusion patients eventually accomplished TICI 2b/3, the rest 17.4%(4/23) of the cases were intractable to the procedure and needed rescue stent implantation. The modified Rankin Scale scores in patients infusing tirofiban were superior to the unused patients in 90 days. There was no patient with symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage after the procedure. Conclusions Patients with IST have higher cerebrovascular reocclusion rate during MT. After MT, low-dose intra-arterial tirofiban infusion may prevent reocclusion, and the prognosis is better. Key words: Stroke; Platelet membrane glycoproteins; Thrombosis; Thrombectomy
Short-term Responses of Fall Migratory Bird Communities to Suburban Riparian Management in Northeastern Missouri, USA

Riparian zones are important corridors for birds, and the structural diversity of intact vegetation along water courses that pass through fragmented landscapes may affect the diversity of birds that use such corridors. During fall migration in 2014, we surveyed 3 riparian sites in Adair County, MO, USA: a restored suburban site, a suburban site with mowed vegetation, and a rural site in a conservation area with oak-savannah vegetation. We hypothesized that, during fall migration, a suburban site restored to have higher levels of non-woody vegetation near stream banks would support bird communities with more species associated with hydric habitats when compared to the mowed suburban site. We also predicted that bird-community composition at the restored suburban site with taller vegetation would be more similar to that found at a rural site than would be expected at the unimproved suburban site. Due to the small scale of the restoration project, we were not able to replicate the treatments. Species richness estimates (± SE) were 10.6 ± 3.18 for the restored site, 12.2 ± 2.76 for the unrestored site, and 18.2 ± 3.06 for the conservation area. Although species richness was similar among suburban sites, species composition was not. The relative abundance of hydric-associated species (± 95% CI) were 24.68% ± 8.64% for the restored site, 8.33% ± 2.75% for the unrestored site, and 24.01% ± 6.90% for the conservation area. The unrestored site had a higher abundance of riparian species and the restored site had higher abundance of wetland-associated species. Differences in vegetative structure had significant impacts on community composition in the short term.
Numerical convergence for a diffuse limit of hyperbolic systems on bounded domain

This paper deals with the diffusive limit of the scaled Goldstein-Taylor model and its approximation by an Asymptotic Preserving Finite Volume scheme. The problem is set in some bounded interval with nonhomogeneous boundary conditions depending on time. We obtain a uniform estimate in the small parameter e using a relative entropy of the discrete solution with respect to a suitable profile which satisfies the boundary conditions expected to hold as e goes to 0. Key words: Diffusive limit of hyperbolic systems, initial boundary value problem, finite volume approximation, asymptotic preserving scheme MSC (2010): 65M08, 65M12, 35L50
Engineered Recombinant Protein Production Systems Originated from Escherichia coli

Selection of a suitable host strain is an important step in recombinant production of heterologous proteins. As the prokaryotic systems and especially Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells are the most attractive host in therapeutic protein production, various derivatives of this organism have been developed to overcome the limitations exist in recombinant protein production, such as inefficient expression and folding of target proteins with eukaryotic origin. This review summarized key strategies for E. coli engineering and introduced some new and applicable engineered E. coli strains that produce more complex proteins for therapeutic and research use in the future. HIGHLIGHTS • Selection of a suitable host is an important step in recombinant protein production. • Escherichia coli cells are the most attractive host in therapeutic protein production. • Engineered strains had developed to produce active protein with suitable conformation in industrial scale. • Classical mutagenesis & genome engineering are two important strain engineering strategies.
Des microtubules détyrosinés : quelles conséquences pour la cellule?

Les microtubules (MT) sont des structures dynamiques controlant divers aspects essentiels de l'architecture cellulaire. En particulier, les bouts plus des MT (bouts +) sont capables d'accumuler des proteines specifiques jouant un role dans le controle de la dynamique microtubulaire et dans l'interaction des MT avec le cortex cellulaire. Ces interactions sont notamment decisives pour le positionnement correct du fuseau mitotique. La description des mecanismes permettant l'accumulation de proteines aux bouts + est donc importante pour la comprehension des fonctions microtubulaires. La tyrosine C-terminale de la tubuline α est cruciale pour l'interaction de proteines a domaine CAP-Gly avec les bouts +. En effet, CLIP-170 et son homologue de S. Cerevisiae Bik1p se lient moins bien aux bouts + des MT depourvus de tyrosine C-terminale (MT Glu). Dans ce travail de these, nous avons etudie les perturbations associees au deficit de liaison de Bik1p aux bouts + des MT Glu dans S. Cerevisiae. Les modeles actuels proposent que Bik1p est amenee aux bouts + par son association avec la kinesine Kip2p. La dyneine (Dyn1p) est alors recrutee par Bik1p aux bouts + pour etre ciblee vers le cortex. Nous montrons que, dans des levures n'exprimant que de la tubuline detyrosinee (souche tub1-Glu), Kip2p et Dyn1p sont correctement associees aux bouts +, malgre le deficit de liaison de Bik1p. Nous proposons que, dans les cellules sauvages, le complexe Kip2p/Bik1p transporte Dyn1p le long des MT vers les bouts +. Kip2, Bik1p et Dyn1p s'associent alors aux bouts + de facon independante. De plus, nous montrons que des formes constitutionnellement actives de la petite proteine G Rho1p favorisent l'association de Bik1p avec les bouts +. Ces donnees seront importantes pour comprendre le role des Rho GTPases dans la regulation des MT, notamment dans la migration cellulaire. L'ensemble de ce travail suggere de nouveaux modeles pour la formation et la fonction des complexes proteiques associes aux bouts +. Finalement, nous avons recherche de maniere systematique les mutations qui, associees avec la mutation tub1-Glu, sont letales chez la levure (letalite synthetique). Ce crible a identifie des composants participant a la formation de la membrane et de la paroi cellulaire. Ces genes pourraient etre impliques, au niveau cortical, dans la mise en place des interactions des microtubules avec le cortex, et montrent l'importance de la tyrosine C-terminale de la tubuline α dans cette fonction
Assessment of global polar bear abundance and vulnerability

Estimates of abundance and trend are central to assessing population status; yet, are often challenging to obtain or unavailable, suffer from wide confidence intervals and may be collected at irregular intervals. Polar bears Ursus maritimus have become an iconic species for climate change, yet information on abundance and status for significant parts of their range is unknown. We examine the existing information on subpopulation abundance of polar bears across their range to assess past monitoring. We model the relationship between subpopulation densities and ecological parameters including latitude, continental shelf habitat, prey diversity, sea ice extent and the length of the ice‐free season. Of the 19 subpopulations across the circumpolar Arctic, 14 have estimates (range: 161–2826 bears). Excluding three subpopulations that were regularly monitored, the mean interval between consecutive estimates was 10.9 years (range: 1–36 years), with only six subpopulations having estimates <10 years old. Subpopulation density estimates ranged from 0.57 to 9.30 bears per km2 with a mean of 2.36 bears per 1000 km2 and a median of 1.71 bears per 1000 km2. Our regression analysis found prey diversity as the only significant correlate with polar bear density. Based on this relationship, we estimate the global population at 23 315 bears (range: 15 972–31 212). An assessment of each subpopulation's vulnerability to climate change based on subpopulation size, amount of continental shelf habitat, prey diversity and changing ice conditions indicates that the Southern Beaufort Sea, Northern Beaufort Sea and Arctic Basin subpopulations are the most vulnerable followed by the Laptev Sea and Viscount Melville Sound subpopulations. With ongoing Arctic warming and the deleterious effects of sea ice loss on polar bears, we recommend that subpopulation assessments be conducted with greater frequency and in subpopulations lacking abundance estimates such that meaningful subpopulation monitoring can proceed.
Managing fishery development in sensitive ecosystems: identifying penguin habitat use to direct management in Antarctica

In the Southern Ocean, the at-sea distributions of most predators of Antarctic krill are poorly known, primarily because tracking studies have only been undertaken on a restricted set of species, and then only at a limited number of sites. For chinstrap penguins, one of the most abundant krill predators breeding across the Antarctic Peninsula, we show that habitat models developed utilizing the distance from the colony and the bearing to the shelf-edge, adjusting for the at-sea density of Pygoscelis penguins from other colonies, can be used to predict, with a high level of confidence, the at-sea distribution of chinstrap penguins from untracked colonies during the breeding season. Comparison of predicted penguin distributions with outputs from a high-resolution oceanographic model shows that chinstrap penguins prefer nearshore habitats, over shallow bathymetry, with slow-flowing waters, but that they sometimes also travel to areas beyond the edge of the continental shelf where the faster-flowing waters of the Coastal Current or the fronts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current occur. In the slow-moving shelf waters, large penguin colonies may lead to krill depletion during incubation and chick-rearing periods when penguins are acting as central place foragers. The habitats used by chinstrap penguins are also locations preferentially used by the commercial krill fishery, one of the last under-developed marine capture fisheries anywhere on the planet. As it develops, this fishery has the potential to compete with chinstrap penguins and other natural krill predators. Scaling our habitat models by chinstrap penguin population data demonstrates where overlap with the fishery is likely to be most important. Our results suggest that a better understanding of krill retention and krill depletion in areas used by natural predators and by the krill fishery are needed, and that risk management strategies for the fishery should include assessment of how krill movement can satisfy the demands of both natural predators and the fishery across a range of spatial and temporal scales. Such information will help regional management authorities better understand how plausible ecosystem-based management frameworks could be developed to ensure sustainable co-existence of the fishery and competing natural predators.
Susceptibility genes : an additional source for improved resistance

Potato is affected by several diseases. Although, resistance can be obtained by introgression of major resistance genes from wild species, this has rarely been durable. Hence, other sources of resistance are highly needed. New research with a focus on loss of function mutations has led to the identification of disease susceptibility (S) genes in plants. The research in this thesis was aimed at the identification and characterization of potato S genes involved in the interaction with Phytophthora infestans and Botrytis cinerea. We selected 11 Arabidopsis thaliana S genes and silenced their potato orthologs by RNAi in the potato cultivar Desiree. The silencing of six genes resulted in resistance to P. infestans. Moreover, silencing of StDND1 reduced the infection of B. cinerea. Microscopic analysis showed that spore attachment and/or germination of P. infestans and B. cinerea was hampered on the leaf surface of StDND1-silenced potato plants. On StDMR1- and StDMR6-silenced potato plants, hyphal growth of P. infestans was arrested by the hypersensitive response-like cell death. Our results demonstrate that impairment of plant S genes may open a new way for breeding potatoes with resistance to pathogens like P. infestans and B. cinerea.