Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multilevel assessment of the Lacertid lizard cranial modularity

Contributing authors: Aleksandar Urošević (aurosevic@ibiss.bg.ac.rs); Katarina Ljubisavljević (ljubisavljevic.k@gmail.com); Ana Ivanović (ana@bio.bg.ac.rs) Abstract Different factors and processes that produce phenotypic variation at the individual, population, or interspecific level can influence or alter the covariance structure among morphological traits. Therefore, studies of the patterns of integration and modularity at multiple levels—static, ontogenetic, and evolutionary, can provide invaluable data on underlying factors and processes that structured morphological variation, directed, or constrained evolutionary changes. Our dataset, consisting of cranium shape data for 14 lizard species from the family Lacertidae, with substantial samples of hatchlings and adults along with their inferred evolutionary relationships, enabled us to assess modularity and morphological integration at all three levels. Five, not mutually exclusive modularity hypotheses of lizard cranium, were tested, and the effects of allometry on intensity and the pattern of integration and modularity were estimated. We used geometric morphometrics to extract symmetric and asymmetric, as well as allometric and nonallometric, components of shape variation. At the static level, firm confirmation of cranial modularity was found for hypotheses which separate anterior and posterior functional compartments of the skull. At the ontogenetic level, two alternative hypotheses (the “anteroposterior” and “neurodermatocranial” hypotheses) of ventral cranial modularity were confirmed. At the evolutionary level, the “neurodermatocranial” hypothesis was confirmed for the ventral cranium, which is in accordance with the pattern observed at the ontogenetic level. The observed pattern of static modularity could be driven by functional demands and can be regarded as adaptive. Ontogenetic modularity and evolutionary modularity show the same developmental origin, indicating conservatism of modularity patterns driven by developmental constraints.
Protective role of CX 3 CR 1 signalling in resident cells of the central nervous system during experimental herpes simplex virus encephalitis

CX3CR1 is an important chemokine receptor expressed on the surface of microglia and blood leukocytes, including monocytes. Signalling through this receptor influences the immune activity of microglia and monocyte trafficking into the central nervous system (CNS) in several neurological diseases. During experimental herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis (HSE), CX3CR1 deficiency has been reported to exacerbate the outcome of the disease. However, the precise contribution of CX3CR1 expressed in resident cells of the CNS or peripheral monocytes in protection against HSE remains unclear. To dissect the role of CX3CR1 during HSE, we reconstituted irradiated C57BL/6 WT and CX3CR1 / mice with CX3CR1 / (CX3CR1 / fiWT) and WT (WTfiCX3CR1 / ) bone marrow cells, respectively. Our results showed that following intranasal infection with 1.2 10 p.f. u. of HSV-1, mortality rates were significantly higher in CX3CR1 / (61.7%) and WTfiCX3CR1 / (66.2%) compared to WT (16.6%; P=0.012 and P=0.016, respectively) and CX3CR1 / fiWT animals (20%; P=0.013 and P=0.011, respectively). Higher mortality rates in CX3CR1 / and WTfiCX3CR1 / mice were associated with increased infectious viral titres and wider HSV dissemination in brains, as well as an overproduction of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including IL-1b, IL-6, IFN-g, C-C motif ligand 2 and C-C motif ligand 5. Furthermore, CX3CR1 deficiency in resident cells of the CNS resulted in excessive and sustained Ly6C inflammatory monocyte and neutrophil infiltration into the brain. These data suggest that CX3CR1 deficiency in resident cells of the CNS affects mouse survival, HSV-1 replication control and cerebral inflammatory response whereas its deficiency in the haematopoietic system does not appear to influence the outcome of HSE.
Mechanisms of Cardiotoxicity Associated with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in H9c2 Cells and Mice

Results: In H9c2 cells exposed for 24 hours, all TKIs investigated showed a higher cytotoxicity profile in the presence of galactose (favouring mitochondrial metabolism) compared to glucose (favouring glycolysis). The TKIs dissipated the mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced activities of mitochondrial enzyme complexes of the electron transport chain (ETC). In addition, the TKIs increased superoxide accumulation and decreased the cellular GSH pool, inducing apoptosis. Electron microscopy showed swollen mitochondria with loss of cristae. In mice, treatment with sunitinib for 2 weeks increased plasma troponin I and creatine kinase MB, indicating cardiomyocyte damage. The activity of enzyme complexes of the ETC was decreased and the mitochondrial content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased. Cleavage of caspase 3 was increased in hearts of sunitinib-treated mice, suggesting cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Conclusion: Mitochondrial ROS accumulation appears to be an important mechanism of cardiotoxicity associated with sunitinib and other cardiotoxic TKIs, leading to the activation of apoptosis. n Mechanisms of Cardiotoxicity Associated with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in H9c2 Cells and Mice
Digitalisation of Energy: An Energy Futures Lab Briefing Paper

This Briefing Paper investigates the key technologies that underpin the digitisation of energy and examines their potential impacts. The overarching objective of the paper is to understand the effects new technologies will have on the current energy system, the new challenges they will pose, and the policies and regulatory measures which will assist in making them a success . Specifically, this paper considers four technological areas of digitalisation: big data; machine learning and AI; the Internet of things; and distributed ledger technology, often referred to as blockchain.
Generating Game Mechanics in a Model Economy: a MoneyMaker Deluxe Case Study

This paper discusses the potential application of procedural content generation to a game about economical crises, intended to teach a large general audience about how banks function within a market-guided economy, and the financial risks and moral dilemmas that are involved. Procedurally generating content for abstract and complex notions such as inflation, market crashes, and market flux is different from generating spatial maps or physical assets in a game, and poses several design challenges. Instead of generating these kinds of phenomena and other macro-economic effects directly, the designers aim to let them emerge from automatically generated game mechanics. The game mechanics we propose include generic business models that can be parameterized to model the behavior of companies in the game, while the player controls the actions of a bank. What makes generating these game mechanics particularly challenging is the interaction between phenomena at different levels of abstraction. Therefore, relevant economic concepts are discussed in terms of design challenges, and how they could be modeled as emergent properties using generative methods.
Technology Production and Technology Purchase in Indian Industry: An Econometric Analysis

An econometric analysis of the decisions of Indian firms to invest in their own R&D and to purchase technology (through licensing agreements) is undertaken. These decisions are treated as being jointly determined by characteristics of Indian industries, Indian prices, and the supply of purchasable foreign technology. The study finds that industrial structure, firm size, and public and private ownership influence the mix of own R&D and technology purchase. The pool of purchasable foreign technology indices both increased adaptive R&D and technology purchase by Indian firms. Copyright 1989 by MIT Press.
Cardiovascular MR Imaging of Conotruncal Anomalies 1

Conotruncal anomalies are congenital heart defects that result from abnormal formation and septation of the outflow tracts of the heart and great vessels. The major conotruncal anomalies include tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries, double-outlet right ventricle, truncus arteriosus, and interrupted aortic arch. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is an important modality for the evaluation of patients with these defects. Major advances in cardiovascular MR imaging equipment and techniques allow precise delineation of the cardiovascular anatomy and accurate quantitative assessment of ventricular function and blood flow. The data provided by cardiovascular MR imaging are useful for treatment planning and posttreatment monitoring, supplement information obtained with echocardiography, and in many cases obviate cardiac catheterization. Supplemental material available at http://radiographics.rsna. org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/rg.304095158/-/DC1.
Feys introduced the notion of " functional character " ( here called " type-scheme " ) of an object of combinatory logic

One of the aims of combinatory logic is to study the most basic properties of functions and other concepts, with as few restrictions as possible; hence in the simplest form of combinatory logic there is nothing to stop a function being applied to itself; thus XX is an ob for all obs X. However it is also natural to look at the consequences of introducing type-restrictions, formulated by assigning types to the obs according to certain rules, to be described later. Each type is a linguistic expression representing a set of functions, and for any type a the statement " X has type a" is intended to mean that the ob X represents a member of the set represented by a. Given types <x and ß, the set of all functions from the set a into the set ß is represented by the type "Faß" (using Curry's notation). Now consider the ob I; if Y has type a, then the ob IX must also have type a. Hence I represents a function from a into a, and so it must be given the type Fact, for each type a. Thus I has not just one type, but a whole class of types. This might seem strange, but it comes from the fact that I represents the abstract notion of "identity-function", rather than one particular identity-function for a particular set. The identity-function involves basically the same concept, no matter what we are applying it to. Similarly the other two basic combinators S and K (see later, or [1, §5A]) represent certain simple operations which can be performed on almost any functions, and thus they too have an infinite class of types (see §1 later for details, and §5 for comment). To denote classes of types, we can use variables a, b, c; then the fact that I has every type of form Fota can be expressed by assigning to I the type-scheme
Tracking Elections : our experience during the presidential elections in Ecuador

The world’s digital transformation has influenced not only the way we do business, but also the way we perform daily activities. Social media, for instance, has clearly showed us the influence it has on people, especially during social events such as elections. In fact, the past Presidential elections in the United States as well as those in Great Britain (Brexit) and in Colombia (peace agreement referendum) has stablished that social media play an important part in modern politics. In fact, the digital political field expresses in the digital world through political movements and political candidates looking for popular support (number of followers), regular citizens’ messages discussing social issues (trending topics flooding social media), or even political propaganda in favor or against politicians or political movements (advertisement). One of the issues with social media in the digital era is the presence of automatic accounts (bots) that artificially fill accounts with fake followers, create false trending topics, and share fake news or simply flood the net with propaganda. All this artificial information may influence people and sometimes may even censor people’s real opinions undermining their freedom of speech. In this paper, we propose a methodology to track elections and a set of tools used to collect and analyze election data. In particular, this paper discusses our experiences during the Presidential Elections in Ecuador that were held in 2017. In fact, we show how all presidential candidates prepared an online campaign in social media (Twitter) and how the political campaign completely altered the normal subscription of followers. Furthermore, we discuss that the high presence of followers during the period between the first and second round of elections may be altered by automatic accounts. Finally, we use bot detection systems and gathered more than 30,000 bots which were filtered by political motivated content. In our data analysis, we show that these bots were mainly used for propaganda purposes in favor or against a particular candidate.
Aggressive Memory Speculation in HW/SW Co-Designed Machines

Single-ISA heterogeneous systems (such as ARM big.LITTLE) are an attractive solution for embedded platforms as they expose performance/energy trade-offs directly to the operating system. Recent works have demonstrated the ability to increase their efficiency by using VLIW cores, supported through Dynamic Binary Translation (DBT) to maintain the illusion of a single-ISA system. However, VLIW cores cannot rival with Out-of-Order (OoO) cores when it comes to performance, mainly because they do not use speculative execution. In this work, we study how it is possible to use memory dependency speculation during the DBT process. Our approach enables fine-grained speculation optimizations thanks to a combination of hardware and software. Our results show that our approach leads to a geo-mean speed-up of 10% at the price of a 7% area overhead.
Development of a Heat-Driven-Type MEMS Olfactory Display

An olfactory display is necessary for effective multimodal information communication. The relatively large size of current olfactory displays does not support integration with other information devices. Thus, in this study, a heat-driven-type microelectromechanical system (MEMS) olfactory display that is only a few square centimeters in size and, thus, suitable for integration, is proposed. The olfactory display was fabricated by implementing a microfabrication process, and the fundamental driving conditions for the heater and valve were confirmed. Furthermore, a perfume diffusion experiment was conducted to characterize the olfactory display. The diffusion of the perfume was successfully synchronized with the open/close time of the valve.
March 2018 IoT Services for Data Mining

It sounds like mission impossible to connect everything on the earth together via internet, but Internet of Things (IoT) will dramatically change our life in the foreseeable future, by making many “impossibles” possible. To many, the massive data generated or captured by IoT are considered having highly useful and valuable information. Data mining will no doubt play a critical role in making this kind of system smart enough to provide more convenient services and environments. This paper begins with a discussion of the IoT. Then, a brief review of the features of “data from IoT” and “data mining for IoT’ is given. Finally, changes, potentials, open issues, and future trends of this field are addressed.
Cognitive Benefits for Senders

Using panel data, this article examines the democratic benefit of expressing political messages on social media, by looking into the sender effect of information processing. Results suggest people who post textual and visual content tend to elaborate upon information themselves. The effect is different depending upon types of discussion motivations for discussion. Civic intentions such as persuasive discussion motivation led to elaboration about the information, while social discussion motivation did not. The relationship was mediated by news-seeking behaviors. Combining findings, this study proposes a theoretical model that implies a virtuous cycle of information flow on the social media sphere.
Agroforestry for ruminants: a review of trees and shrubs as fodder in silvopastoral temperate and tropical production systems

Among the oldest agroforestry systems, silvopastoralism uses shrubs and trees to feed ruminants. The practice is common in extensive livestock production systems, whereas the intensification of grass-based systems in the past century has led to the removal of woody species from agricultural temperate landscapes. In Europe however, woody species are promoted again on grasslands through environment-friendly policies due to the ecosystem services they provide such as carbon sequestration, control of soil erosion, limitation of airborne pollutants and biodiversity conservation. Positive effects of browse on rumen digestion and parasite control have also been documented across different plant species and regions. Under optimal conditions, feeding ruminants from woody fodder sustains animal production. Nonetheless, limitations can restrict the use of woody forage into animal diets, such as the presence of anti-nutritive and toxic compounds. The incorporation of this resource in ruminant feeding systems raises the question of the management of the interface between the plant and the animal. Various management systems are practiced. Temperate species such as Salix spp. and Populus spp. are fed to sheep and cattle in fodder blocks or by pruning trees in New Zealand, and Fraxinus spp. or Corylus avellana in hedgerows supply forage to livestock in Belgium, whereas Leucaena leucocepahala and Desmanthus spp. browsing is common in Australia. Nowadays, ensiling and pelleting techniques are being developed as a way to store browse forage. As the renewed interest in using shrubs and trees to feed ruminants is recent, especially in temperate regions, additional research about the optimal introduction of this resource within systems is needed.
Status of Editing and Publishing of Scholarly Journals by Academic Societies of Science and Technology in Korea

Background The present study analyzed publishing data of scholarly journals which were published in 2018 by academic societies of science and technology in Korea to observe journal editing and publishing status. Methods A total of 346 regional journals (59 natural science, 118 engineering, 44 agriculture, fisheries, and oceanography, and 125 medical and pharmacy) and 141 international journals (32 natural science, 43 engineering, 12 agriculture, fisheries, and oceanography, 54 medical and pharmacy) were included in this analysis, which applied the journal review by the Korea Federation of Science and Technology. Websites of the journals and the submitted publication data in 2019 were reviewed. Results Except for a few journals, all of the journals were published by academic societies. Basic information of journals was well displayed by both offline and online. Most of the 346 regional journals were published in Korean language or mixed with English but 77 (22.3%), mostly medical, were in English. One-third (n = 104) journals published less than 40 articles while 9 published over 200, and 261 journals (75.4%) received less than 100 submissions in 2018. Most (n = 298, 86.1%) of them were enlisted in the Korean Citation Index (KCI). Editorial board members performed manuscript editing in 171 (49.4%) journals, and most of the journals paid < 50,000,000 won for publishing costs. Of 141 international journals, 138 (97.9%) were published in English and all of them published overseas submissions. Forty-one (29.1%) journals accepted < 20% of submissions but 58 (41.1%) accepted 100%. Of them, 124 (87.9%) were indexed in the KCI, 93 (66.0%) in the Web of Science, 120 in Scopus, and 62 in PubMed. Editorial board members in 38 (27.0%) journals took responsibility of manuscript editing. Publishing cost of 79 (56.0%) journals was < 50,000,000 won. Only 157 (32.2%) of total 487 journals, mostly medical, documented gendered innovation in their instruction to authors. Conclusion Most of the Korean science and technology journals keep global standard of editing and publishing. Their offline and online visibility is acceptable but most regional journals are small and of low academic impact while international journals are globally indexed and acknowledged. Korean scholarly journals should invite more and better articles to keep quality publication.
Mining and Representing Unstructured Nicotine Use Data in a Structured Format for Secondary Use

The objective of this study was to use rules, NLP and machine learning for addressing the problem of clinical data interoperability across healthcare providers. Addressing this problem has the potential to make clinical data comparable, retrievable and exchangeable between healthcare providers. Our focus was in giving structure to unstructured patient smoking information. We collected our data from the MIMIC-III database. We wrote rules for annotating the data, then trained a CRF sequence classifier. We obtained an f-measure of 86%, 72%, 69%, 80%, and 12% for substance smoked, frequency, amount, temporal, and duration respectively. Amount smoked yielded a small value due to scarcity of related data. Then for smoking status we obtained an fmeasure of 94.8% for non-smoker class, 83.0% for current-smoker, and 65.7% for past-smoker. We created a FHIR profile for mapping the extracted data based on openEHR reference models, however in future we will explore mapping to CIMI models.
Comparing choice models of river health improvement for the Goulburn River

The extent of the benefits of improved river health remain uncertain. Quantifying these benefits is useful in prioritising policy investments. This study uses the Choice Modelling technique to estimate the value that households attach to attributes of improved river health. Data from a choice modelling survey supported by DSE Victoria are employed to elicit household preferences in a case study of the Goulburn River. Results from conditional and nested logit model specifications indicate that respondents hold positive values for higher levels of fish and bird populations and for increasing riverside vegetation. The standard Hausman test for Independence-from-Irrelevant-Alternatives (IIA) assumptions violations is found to give inconsistent results. The value estimates of the conditional and nested logit models are shown to be statistically similar indicating that testing for IIA violation may be more complicated than currently assumed thus raising questions about the efficacy of the more complex nested logit model.
Quality of histone modification antibodies undermines chromatin

Histone post-translational modification (PTM) antibodies are essential research reagents in chromatin biology. However, they suffer from variable properties and insufficient documentation of quality. Antibody manufacturers and vendors should provide detailed lot-specific documentation of quality, rendering further quality checks by end-customers unnecessary. A shift from polyclonal antibodies towards sustainable reagents like monoclonal or recombinant antibodies or histone binding domains would help to improve the reproducibility of experimental work in this field.