Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predictive Self-Assembly of Polyhedra into Complex Structures

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Estimating the Demand for Business Training: Evidence from Jamaica

Business-training programs are typically offered for free. Charging a price for training provides potential benefits such as financial sustainability, but little is known about how price affects demand. We conducted two experiments in Jamaica using the Becker-DeGroot-Marschak (BDM) mechanism and take-it-or-leave-it offers to estimate the demand for training. Most entrepreneurs have positive willingness to pay for training, but demand falls sharply as price increases. Offering the chance to pay in installments does not increase demand. Higher prices screen out poorer, less educated entrepreneurs who have smaller firms. However, charging a higher price does increase attendance among those who pay. Finally, our paper points to the limitations of using a BDM mechanism in a context of low contract enforcement and when payments for purchasing an intangible service do not occur immediately.
Qualitative Analysis of a Predator-Prey Model in the Presence of Additional Food to Predator & Constant-Yield Predator Harvesting

In the present article, a predator-prey model with additional food and constant yield harvesting rate to predator is considered. It is assumed that additional food is not dynamic in nature, but available at a specific constant level either by the nature or by an external agency. The local stability of the equilibrium points of the model has been investigated. Further, it is shown that the model undergoes to different kind of bifurcations including Hopf bifurcation, Transcritical bifurcation, Saddle-Node bifurcation and Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation. The numerical simulation has been done which is in good agreement to the analytical findings. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 92B05, 35B35, 34C23, 37G10. Key Word and Phrases Predator-Prey Model, Stability, Bifurcation, Additional Food, Harvesting.
Structural break tests for extremal dependence in β-mixing random vectors

We derive a structural break test for extremal dependence in β-mixing random vectors whose marginals may be (asymptotically) dependent or independent. Extant tests require independent observations with (asymptotically) dependent components. Accommodating dependent data allows to test for changes in extremal dependence and serial extremal dependence. As a side product we obtain central limit theory for the pre-asymptotic extremogram of Davis et al. (2012) that does not require a bootstrap procedure. To avoid estimating a long-run variance, we use self-normalization, which also has the added benefit of obviating the need to estimate the coefficient of tail dependence when components are asymptotically independent. A simulation shows favorable empirical size and power of the test. Finally, we apply our test to the bivariate time series of S&P 500 and DAX log-returns. We find evidence for one break in the upper and lower joint tail at the beginning of the financial crisis 2007-08, leading to more extremal co-movement.
Functional characterization of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) ripening-related genes identified thoroughout a custom-made oligo-based microarray platform

265 Introduction 265 Results and Discussion 268 Qualitative and quantitative validation of the microarrays data 270 Functional annotation and enrichment analysis of the microarray 271 More relevant differentially expressed genes 271 Organoleptic properties-related genes 271 Fatty acids-derived and other lipophilic flavor compounds 273 Signalling and Regulatory proteins 282 Up regulated TFs Other regulatory proteins Hormonal related genes 296 Abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism and signalling Auxins Ethylene Gibberellins Transporters 303 Primary and secondary metabolism 308 CHAPTER 3 An R2R3-MYB transcription factor regulates eugenol production in ripe strawberry fruit receptacles 317 Abstract 319 Introduction 319 Results 323 Sequence analysis of the FaEOBII gene and protein 323319 Introduction 319 Results 323 Sequence analysis of the FaEOBII gene and protein 323
Judgment and Decision Making Research in Auditing: A Task, Person, and Interpersonal Interaction Perspective

This paper discusses judgment and decision making research in auditing—i.e., research that uses a psychological lens to understand, evaluate, and improve judgments, decisions, or choices in an auditing setting. Much of this work uses the laboratory experiment approach, but we also cover related studies that use survey and field study approaches. We classify extant auditing judgment and decision making (JDM) literature as covering three broad areas: (1) the audit task, (2) the auditor and his/her attributes, and (3) interaction between auditor and other stakeholders in task performance. We use this task, person, and interaction categorization to assess the cumulative knowledge generated in the past 25 years, as well as to identify knowledge gaps and opportunities for future research.
Duration of Sperm Function in the Percid Fishes Etheostoma lepidum and E. spectabile, Associated with Sympatry of the Parental Populations

A NIMALS have evolved many methods by which they prevent or reduce the frequency of hybridization. A large proportion of the studies on these isolation mechanisms concern terrestrial organisms. The isolation mechanisms reported show a great array of methods by which animals are protected against hybridization (Mayr, 1942; Dobzhansky, 1951). Isolation mechanisms are often divided into those that occur before gamete release thus conserving gametes, and those that occur after mating, which involve a wastage of gametes (Muller, 1942; Littlejohn, 1960). The failure of pollen-tube growth in interspecific crosses between certain higher plants (Stebbins, 1950) somewhat bridges the gap between the two major categories in that it occurs before fertilization, involving a wastage of at least one gamete. This gamete wastage is not likely to be of major importance, as pollen production is much greater than ovule production. Most aquatic animals differ from terrestrial animals in that they require means of preventing chance meeting of gametes floating in the currents of the natural environment.
Opioid Peptides, CRF, and Urocortin in Cerebrospinal Fluid‐Contacting Neurons in Xenopus laevis

Abstract: The presence of the opioids, β‐endorphin, met‐enkephalin, and endomorphin, and of corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) and the CRF family member, urocortin (Ucn), is described in cerebrospinal fluid‐contacting neurons in the brain of the amphibian, Xenopus laevis.
Why My App Crashes? Understanding and Benchmarking Framework-Specific Exceptions of Android Apps

Mobile apps have become ubiquitous. Ensuring their correctness and reliability is important. However, many apps still suffer from occasional to frequent crashes, weakening their competitive edge. Large-scale, deep analyses of the characteristics of real-world app crashes can provide useful insights to both developers and researchers. However, such studies are difficult and yet to be carried out — this work fills this gap. We collected 16,245 and 8,760 unique exceptions from 2,486 open-source and 3,230 commercial Android apps, respectively, and observed that the exceptions thrown from Android framework (termed “framework-specific exceptions”) account for the majority. With one-year effort, we (1) extensively investigated these framework-specific exceptions, and (2) further conducted an online survey of 135 professional app developers about how they analyze, test, reproduce and fix these exceptions. Specifically, we aim to understand the framework-specific exceptions from several perspectives: (i) their characteristics (e.g., manifestation locations, fault taxonomy), (ii) the developers’ testing practices, (iii) existing bug detection techniques’ effectiveness, (iv) their reproducibility and (v) bug fixes. To enable follow-up research (e.g., bug understanding, detection, localization and repairing), we further systematically constructed, DroidDefects, the first comprehensive and largest benchmark of Android app exception bugs. This benchmark contains 33 reproducible exceptions (with test cases, stack traces, faulty and fixed app versions, bug types, etc.), and 3,696 ground-truth exceptions (real faults manifested by automated testing tools), which cover the apps with different complexities and diverse exception types. Based on our findings, we also built two prototype tools: Stoat+, an optimized dynamic testing tool, which quickly uncovered three previously-unknown, fixed crashes in Gmail and Google+; ExLocator, an exception localization tool, which can locate the root causes of specific exception types. Our dataset, benchmark and tools are publicly available on https://github.com/tingsu/droiddefects.
Aspect and Opinion Extraction for Amazon Reviews

— Opinion mining or sentiment analysis is the computational analysis of a person’s emotion towards entities like products and services. It can be done at three levels - document, sentence and aspect. We have implemented an aspect-based analysis system to extract various aspects of an entity from Amazon product reviews, group them and determine the respective polarities
A high quality sub-band approach to musical transient modiﬁcation

The transient modiﬁer is a type of audio effect which attempts to change the level of the transient parts in a musical signal while leaving the steady state parts unchanged. This paper presents a high performance transient detection and modiﬁcation algorithm, capable of modifying transients in polyphonic or multi-voiced signals, and capable of modifying both hard (percussive) and soft (non-percussive) transients. The detection and modiﬁcation are performed in the Fourier domain using a sub band approach. Detection is based on both phase and energy information using an adaptive threshold. Various transient detection functions, based on existing onset detection functions, are compared and real-time implementation issues are discussed. Subjective evaluation in the form of MUSHRA-style (Multi Stimulus test with Hidden reference) listening tests are used to compare the performance of the sub-band approach against other transient modiﬁcation algorithms.
Panicle Parameters and Their Relationships of Rice Varieties with Different Type of Panicle

The relationship of panicle parameters with rice varieties with different type of panicle was studied.The effects of the panicle length,branch distribution,number of spikelets,seed set percentage,neck vascular bundles and plant weight per stem on spikelet number per panicle were analyzed.Parameters index of large panicle type were established preliminarily,and the cultivatable foreground of plant type design was discussed.The result showed that:the panicle length of different panicle types was positively and significantly correlated with spikelet numbers(P0.01),the diameters at the base and neck were positively and significantly correlated with grain number per spike(P0.05),too.Breeding of thicker basal internode and more spikelet numbers was beneficial to increase lodging resistance and suite for planting system nowdays.
Impact of Organizational Culture, Structure, and Reward on knowledge sharing behavior of the employees within presence of moderator Technological infrastructure: a case of Banking Sector of Pakistan

The objective of this paper is to investigate the key factors for promoting the knowledge sharing behavior of the employee’s especially Pakistani banking sector. These factors include organizational culture, structure, and reward for knowledge sharing within the presence of moderator technological infrastructure. Theoretical model and questioner is developed on the basis of extensive literature review, to understand the relationship between the organizational factor and knowledge sharing, the author used statistical analysis (SPSS). Data is collected from 150 employees working in the different branches of banks. This study finds that organizational culture and structure play an active role in knowledge sharing. Specially, learning and development, top management supportive culture has positive impact on knowledge sharing ,while the collaborative culture has negative impact on knowledge sharing. In general, if the organizational culture having the characteristics of more learning and development, more top management supportive and less collaborative then the knowledge sharing behavior of the employees must be enhanced. Overall organizational structure has positive influence on knowledge sharing. But results suggest, if that organizational structure is more centralized and less formalized, the level of knowledge sharing increased. Technology infrastructure play a role of catalyst between the organizational factors (structure and culture) and knowledge sharing. This paper also indicate within the presence of reward for knowledge sharing, the employees are more motivated for knowledge sharing. Employees are main part of organizational performance and required proper communication of information and knowledge from the top management of the company. And information from top management of the company obtained through proper knowledge sharing system . Organization can get competitive advantage with the help of knowledge sharing. This study integrate the research of different fields and focus on knowledge sharing in banking context. The results of the paper extend the theoretical implication of organizational factors and knowledge sharing in the Pakistani context.
Semantic Bottleneck Layers: Quantifying and Improving Inspectability of Deep Representations

Today’s deep learning systems deliver high performance based on end-to-end training but are notoriously hard to inspect. We argue that there are at least two reasons making inspectability challenging: (i) representations are distributed across hundreds of channels and (ii) a unifying metric quantifying inspectability is lacking. In this paper, we address both issues by proposing supervised and unsupervised Semantic Bottleneck (SB) layers we integrate into pretrained networks to align channel outputs with individual visual concepts and introduce the model agnostic AUiC metric to measure the alignment. We present a case study on semantic segmentation to demonstrate that SBs improve the AUiC up to four-fold over regular network outputs, while recovering state of the art performances.
Les protéines du complexe exon-jonction (EJC) régulent l'épissage alternatif du transcrit Bcl-x, ainsi que d'autres transcrits reliés au contrôle de l'apoptose et du cycle cellulaire

Several apoptotic regulators including Bcl-x are alternatively spliced to produce isoforms with opposite functions. We have used an RNA interference strategy to map the regulatory iandscape controliing the expression of the Bcl-x splice variants in human cells. Depleting proteins known as core (Y14, elF4A3) or auxiliary (RNPS1, Acinus, SAP18) components of the exon junction complex (EJC) improved the production of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-xS splice variant. This effect was not seen when we depleted EJC proteins that typically participate in mRNA export (UAP56, Aly/Ref, TAP), or that associate with the EJC to enforce non-sense mediated RNA decay (MNL51, Upfl, Upf2 and Upf3b). Core and auxiliary EJC components modulated Bcl-x splicing through différent c/s-acting elements, further suggesting that this activity is distinct from the established EJC function. In support of a direct rôle in splicing control, recombinant elF4A3, Y14 and Magoh proteins associated preferentially with the endogenous Bcl-x pre-mRNA, interacted with a model Bcl-x pre-mRNA in early splicing complexes, and specifically shifted Bcl-x alternative splicing in nuclear extracts. Finally, the depletion of Y14, elF4A3, RNPS1, SAP18 and Acinus also encouraged the production of other pro-apoptotic splice variants, suggesting that EJC-associated components are important regulators of apoptosis acting at the alternative splicing level.
Ternary Logic Partitioning: Detecting Logic Bugs in Database Management Systems

Logic bugs in Database Management Systems (DBMS) are bugs that cause an incorrect result for a given query (e.g., by omitting a row that should be fetched). These bugs are critical, since they are likely to go unnoticed by users. We propose Query Partitioning , a general and effective approach for finding logic bugs in DBMS. The core idea of Query Partitioning is to, starting from a given original query, derive multiple, more complex queries (called partitioning queries ), each of which computes a partition of the result. The individual partitions are then composed to compute a result set that must be equivalent to the original query’s result set. A bug in the DBMS is detected when these result sets differ. Our intuition is that due to the increased complexity, the partitioning queries are more likely to stress the DBMS and trigger a logic bug than the original query. As a concrete instance of a partitioning strategy, we propose Ternary Logic Partitioning (TLP), which is based on the observation that a boolean predicate p can either evaluate to TRUE , FALSE , or NULL . Accordingly, a query can be decomposed to three partitioning queries, each of which computes its result on rows or intermediate results for which p , NOT p , and p IS NULL hold. This technique is versatile, and can be used to test WHERE , GROUP BY , as well as HAVING clauses, aggregate functions, and DISTINCT queries. As part of an extensive testing campaign, we found 175 bugs in widely-used DBMS such as MySQL, TiDB, SQLite, and CockroachDB, 123 of which have been fixed. Notably, 77 of these were logic bugs, while the remaining error and crash bugs. We expect that the effectiveness and wide applicability of Query Partitioning will lead to its broad adoption in practice, and the formulation of additional partitioning strategies.
[Chronic kidney disease: classification, mechanisms of progression and strategies for renoprotection].

Chronic kidney disease is a worldwide health problem. The incidence and prevalence of kidney failure is in constant increase, involving poor outcomes and high costs. The leading causes of kidney failure are type 2 diabetes and hypertension. The new initiative "Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO)" is a global public health approach to face this problem. A formal definition for chronic kidney disease and a staging of kidney diseases from kidney damage with preserved function to kidney failure, were proposed. We reviewed the main mechanisms involved in renal disease progression, with emphasis in the proteinuria and the intrarenal activation of renin angiotensin system. Moreover, the evidence in the literature of therapeutical interventions with proved efficacy in slowing the rate of reduction of renal function is discussed, particularly the optimal control of hypertension, reduction of proteinuria and renin angiotensin system blocking. Finally, we recommend a strategy for the clinical management of patients in the different stages of chronic kidney disease (Rev Med Chile 2005; 133: 338-48). (Key Words: Diabetic nephropathy; Glomerular filtration rate; Kidney diseases; Kidney failure; Proteinuria)
Potential of Agricultural Soil to Restore Carbon through Cultivation Practices and Plant Residues Managements

Agricultural soil is one of the most effective places for accumulating carbon in terrestrial ecosystems. Most of carbon in the soil is preserved in the form of soil organic carbon (SOC). The amount of accumulated SOC is therefore a function of inputs and decomposability of biomass, which in turn is determined by environmental factors and agricultural cultivation practices. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of crop residues management and crop rotation on carbon stock of maize field is changed to upland rice. The experiment methods was conducted at Suwanwajokkasikit Field Corps Research Station, Nakornratchasrima province. The randomized completely block design (RCBD) with 3 replications of continuous maize cultivation(CM), continuous upland rice cultivation (CU), and upland rice rotated with maize(UM) plots was used. Plant residues were incorporated after harvest. Soil was sampled from the plough layer (0-10 cm) and analyzed for carbon (C) nitrogen (N) analysis. Soil organic carbon turnover was also studied by taking the advantage of the difference in carbon isotopic ratio between C3 plant (rice) and C4 plant (maize). The results found that after 3 cropping, soil carbon in the top layer of CM plot was changed when rotated with rice (CU plot); i.e. from 3.54±0.49 ton C ha to1.46±0.17 ton C ha. However, the carbon loss could be minimized when CM was rotated with UM (2.28±0.38 ton C ha). The δC values of rice and maize residues were-27.48±0.42‰ and -12.19±0.34‰, respectively. After three crops and when the cultivation system was changed from maize to upland rice, theδC value of soil carbon shifted from -18.77 ‰to -20.27‰. Soil organic carbon turnover time was estimated to range from 3 to 6 years, and soil carbon in CM is turned over more rapidly than that in CU plots. From these data it was estimated that after changing the cultivation from maize to upland rice, there was about 29.78 % of soil organic carbon originated from rice plant
Enhancement of Colored Images in Digital Image Processing

— Image Mining is the process of searching and discovering valuable information and knowledge in large volumes of data of images. Image Mining is the popular image retrieval system by which the target image to be retrieved based on the useful features of the given image. In this paper basic introduction is provided under which image mining and Enhancement of colored images are also discussed. Detail of comparison study and conclusion and future work is also there.