Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geochronology of Neoarchaean granitoids of the NW eastern Dharwar craton: implications for crust formation

Abstract The Neoarchaean Era is characterized by large preserved record of continental crust formation. Yet the actual mechanism(s) of Neoarchaean crustal growth remains controversial. In the northwestern part of the eastern Dharwar craton (EDC) granitoid magmatism started at 2.68 Ga with gneissic granodiorites showing intermediate character between sanukitoid and tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG). This was followed by intrusion of transitional (large-ion lithophile element-enriched) TTGs at 2.58 Ga. Finally 2.53–2.52 Ga sanukitoid and Closepet-type magmatism and intrusion of K-rich leucogranites mark the cratonization in the area. These granitoids mostly display initial negative ϵNd and Mesoarchaean depleted mantle model ages, suggesting presence of older crust in the area. Available data show that most of the Neoarchaean sodic granitoids in the EDC are transitional TTGs demonstrating the importance of reworking of older crust. It is suggested that the various c. 2.7 Ga greenstone mafic–ultramafic volcanic rocks of EDC formed in oceanic arcs and plateaus which accreted to form continental margin environment. Subsequent 2.7–2.51 Ga granitoid magmatism involved juvenile addition of crust as well as reworking of felsic crust forming transitional TTGs, sanukitoids and K-rich leucogranites. Microcratons were possibly the source of older crustal signatures and their accretion appears to be one of the important processes of Neoarchaean crustal growth globally. Supplementary material: Analytical techniques are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare. c.3470724
An Algorithm for Fractional Programs with bounded variables

Abstract : This paper deals with a special class of single ratio fractional programs. The objective function considered here is a ratio of two functions each of which is separable in nature. the numerator and denominator both are transformed into linear functions by incorporating the piecewise linear approximation method via grid points and thus a linear fractional progam is obtained which is converted into a linear program by making use of Charne's and Cooper transformation method. In the course of action, the variables associated are assumed to be bounded. The procedure is explained stepwise by an algorithm and is explained with the help of a numerical example.
The genus Luticola D.G.Mann (Bacillariophyta) from the McMurdo Sound Region, Antarctica, with the description of four new species

A revision of the freshwater diatom genus Luticola from the McMurdo Sound Region, including the McMurdo Dry Valleys and Cape Royds, Antarctica, was made to contribute to a consistent flora for the entire Antarctic Region. Detailed light and scanning electron microscopic observations, review of pertinent literature, and examination of historical and type material lead to the identification of 12 Luticola species. Four new species and one new combination are proposed, including L . bradyi sp . nov . , L . spainiae , sp . nov . , L . macknightiae , sp . nov . , L . transantarctica , sp . nov . , and L . elegans , comb . nov . stat . nov . Several of these taxa were previously identified as part of the L . muticopsis (Van Heurck) D.G. Mann complex; Navicula muticopsis f. evoluta W. & G.S. West, L . muticopsis f. reducta (W. & G.S. West) Spaulding, and N . muticopsis f. capitata Carlson, or mistaken for the similar L . mutica (Kutzing) D.G. Mann and L . cohnii (Hilse) D.G. Mann. Morphological features of all new species were compared to the closest morphologically similar taxa, and their ecology and biogeography are discussed. All Luticola species considered here show restricted Antarctic distributions, and 8 of the 12 reported species are known only from the Antarctic continent.
Genetics, Genetic Manipulation, and Approaches to Strain Improvement of Filamentous Fungi

This chapter focuses on some recently developed genetic tools and strain improvement approaches for further optimizing protein production in filamentous fungi in the “omics” era. The technologies and approaches described are mainly focused on Aspergillus niger, but in principle could be applied to any of the other industrially relevant filamentous fungi. Within the past 5 years, genome sequences for the most important industrial filamentous fungi have become available, facilitating four main areas of current research: (i) genome mining and identification of new compounds and enzymes; (ii) in silico reconstitution of metabolic pathways; (iii) systems biology approaches to comprehensively understand the complex regulation of growth, physiology, and metabolism in fungi; and (iv) further development of industrial strains as cell factories for the production of enzymes or compounds. Two recent publications provide good examples of how the application of systems biology tools helps to understand biological processes in filamentous fungi and generates leads for process and strain improvement programs. One key step in the improvement of fungal production strains is their optimization at the molecular level. Two complementary approaches can be followed: nonrecombinant and recombinant methods. The chapter discusses some of the concepts and tools that have proven particularly powerful for optimizing industrial fungal strains. It also focuses on alternative strain improvement approaches, and summarizes some rules of thumb that are found to be critical for successful cultivation of filamentous fungi in a bioreactor.
Securing market land transactions in rural West Africa [Briefing note]

Market transactions refers to the transfer of rights of appropriation or use against a due consideration, on the basis of an equivalence system, without systematically implying the use of money. Land markets emerged in certain regions during the colonial era, but have become particularly dynamic in many West African countries over the last few decades. Securing land transactions is a major development issue because of the implications of land markets for investments and social peace. Market transactions in rural West Africa include a variety of arrangements, most of which are ‘informal’ or ‘extra-legal’. This note explains why it would be more pragmatic to secure transfers of rights rather than the land rights themselves (as current public policies aim to do) and, given the constraints to legal formalisation, why priority should be given to recognising and consolidating local practices that are already implemented by actors. 1 Jean-Philippe Colin, Director of Research at IRD: jean-philippe.colin@ird.fr Securing market land transactions in rural West Africa by Jean-Philippe Colin1, July 2017
Behavioral and neural properties of conscious and unconscious expectancy effects

Tandis que les psychologues debattent depuis longtemps la question du conscient et de l'inconscient pour savoir lequel a le plus d'influence sur le comportement humain, une approche plus fructueuse serait d'explorer comment ces deux aspects fonctionnent ensemble. En effet, les recherches recentes montrent que les liens entre les processus conscients et inconscients sont si etroits qu'il serait quasi-impossible d'avoir une comprehension generale de l'appareil psychique humain sans comprendre leurs interactions. De plus, la conscience semble etre necessaire pour qu'une representation mentale puisse etre maintenue et accessible a divers processus cognitifs tels que le controle strategique ou la memoire episodique. Plusieurs experiences comportementales et d'imagerie fonctionnelle montrent que les representations inconscientes sont typiquement de tres courte duree. Toutefois, nous avons emis l'hypothese que ces representations inconscientes ephemeres pourraient egalement provoquer des processus de plus longue duree, comme le suggere l'observation recente de preparations motrices et attentionnelles pouvant etre manipulees inconsciemment. Ceci nous a pousse a explorer si l'attente d'un stimulus visuel imminent - qui sollicite des processus moteurs et attentionnels - est modulee par des processus inconscients. Ainsi, nous avons developpe une serie d'experiences d'amorcage masque pour explorer la possibilite d'initier inconsciemment un effet d'attente soutenue. A travers quatre experiences complementaires qui utilisent des mesures comportementales, de l'EEG a haute densite ou des enregistrements intra-crâniaux, nous demontrons qu'un signal percu inconsciemment peut moduler un
Funktionelle Charakterisierung bakterieller Histondeacetylase-ähnlicher Amidohydrolasen (HDAH)

Until today, there is only little information about posttranslational modifications, especially acetylation of polypeptides in procaryotes to find in the literature. This thesis tries to shed some light in the process of deacetylation. A deacetylating enzyme could be isolated from a Bordetella/Alcaligenes FB188 strain, which was able to process the substance cis-(±)-N-[4-(hydroxymethyl) cyclopent-2-enyl]acetamide (NAA). A second enzyme from Pseudomonas aeroginosa (PA3774 HDAH) with deacetylating properties could also be isolated. These enzymes show similarities to enzymes related to the histone deacetylase superfamily (HDAC, APAH, acuC) and were classified as histone deacetylase like amidohydrolases (HDAH). To find the natural substrate(s) of this class of enzymes, substrate specificity studies were carried out. Acetyl-polyamines, the natural substrates of acetylpolyamine amidohydrolases (APAH) can be excluded because of their very low turnover, despite the narrow relationship to this class of enzymes. It seems to be more supposable that the natural substrate(s) of this enzyme class are acetylated proteins. Acetylated chicken histones were processed by the FB188 HDAH. To verify this thesis, FB188 HDAH and PA3774 HDAH were characterized in a fluorogenic HDAC assay. The substrate Boc-Lys(Ac)-MCA was processed by both enzymes in similar degree, tripeptidic substrates from type aa1-aa2-Lys(Ac)-MCA were cleaved in a sequence specific mode. In further studies with the substrates Boc-L-Lysin(Ac)-MCA and Boc-D-Lys(Ac)-MCA, it was elucidated that the FB188 HDAH does not work enantiospecific, in contrast to the PA3774 HDAH. To get some more information about substrate preferences a variety of competition and inhibition experiments were carried out. In this context, a new potent inhibitor (CypX) could be identified. Further investigations questioning substrate specificity were made with mutation analyses of the enzyme. The mutation of essential amino acids, according to HDAC-like protein (HDLP from A. aeolicus), did not totally abolish catalytic activity in same cases. Also with substrates containing better leaving groups, the HDAHs did not show the expected higher turnover rates. So, the proposed mechanism of deacetylation must be reconsidered. Experiments to find the natural substrate of the FB188 HDAH resulted in acetylated proteins, which were found in both, bacteria and archaea. First findings in this context point to a 65 kDa protein, which could function as the natural target of the FB188 HDAH.
Effect of Water Activity on Lipid Oxidation and Browning of Kori-tofu

The authors reported that the browing of Kori-tofu readily occurred under the storage condition of high water activity and that the browning was caused by oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. Decrease in water activity (Aw) was found to be a practical way to retard the browing ofKori-tofu,1 ~3) but an overall effect of water activity on the rate of lipid oxidation and browning during storage is not knownyet.
Mitochondrial genome evolution in the Metazoa: Insights from Class Hexactinellida (Phylum Porifera) and Phylum Cnidaria

iv CHAPTER 1. General introduction.1 Introduction.1 Dissertation organization.12 References.12 CHAPTER 2. Glass sponges and bilaterian animals share derived mitochondrial genomic features: a common ancestry or parallel evolution? 17 Abstract.17 Introduction.18 Materials and Methods.19 Results.22 Discussion.29 Acknowledgments.31 Literature Cited.32 CHAPTER 3. Mitochondrial genome evolution in Hexactinellida (Phylum Porifera). 43 Abstract.43 Introduction.44 Materials and Methods.47 Results.48 Discussion.56 Literature Cited.61 CHAPTER 4. Unusual phylogenetic distribution of +1 translational frameshifts in hexactinellid protein coding genes.70 Abstract.70 Introduction.71 Results and Discussion.78 Acknowledgments.88 Literature Cited.89 CHAPTER 5. Parallel loss of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and mtDNA-encoded tRNAs in Cnidaria.103 Abstract.103 Introduction.104 Results and Discussion.105 iii Acknowledgments.111 Literature Cited.112 CHAPTER 6. General conclusions.116 Conclusions.116 Future directions.118 Literature Cited.120 APPENDIX A. Supplemental materials for Chapter 3.121 APPENDIX B. Supplemental materials for Chapter 5.127 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.140 iv ABSTRACT Metazoan mitochondrial genomes provide a model system for evolutionary genomic studies. Due to their relatively small size, sequences for complete mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) are now available for animals over a large phylogenetic spectrum, including recent additions for the three classes of Porifera and various cnidarians. This wealth of data gives us a unique opportunity to infer the mechanisms underlying the evolution of genomes. In this dissertation, I will address the example of extensive parallel evolution between two distantly related groups, the Bilateria and Class Hexactinellida (Phylum Porifera; glass sponges), citing the specific examples of degenerated tRNA secondary structures and changes in the genetic code. Much of the plasticity of metazoan mtDNA is linked to the variation of tRNA genes, and I will hypothesize upon the mechanisms that bring about this variation. I will also discuss possible mechanisms involved in the mitochondrial genome reduction of Nematostella vectensis (Class Anthozoa, Phylum Cnidaria), where all but two tRNAs are lost from the mtDNA. Finally, mitochondrial genome data from the Hexactinellida indicates +1 translational frameshifting in protein coding genes, which has only rarely been reported in the mt-genomes of animals. The application of molecular phylogenies both resolves questionable phylogenetic relationships inside Hexactinellida, but also suggests a pattern of evolution for various unusual mt-genomic features.
FACTORS INFLUENCING ONLINE PURCHASE INTENTION

Nowadays, the popularity of Internet usage is growing in all businesses, shopping is not excluded. People have changed the way they shop from offline to online. As such, consumer behavior should be explored since the technology especially the Internet has become the mainstream of people lives. Therefore, the research was aimed to determine whether Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease Of Use (PEOU), and Perceived Risks (PR) has influenced online purchase intention of customers. These three factors were considered when people would decide to shop online. This descriptive research applied the survey method to collect data. A self-administered online questionnaire was voluntarily distributed to respondents via Google Docs and Line Application. The respondents were recruited with the characteristics of being online shoppers. The researchers used the screening question to ask whether they have a tendency or have experienced to shop online prior to proceed to the actual questionnaire. Apparently, there were 111 valid data for analysis. The Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) was applied for hypothesis testing to explore whether Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease Of Use (PEOU), and Perceived Risks (PR) influence online purchase intention. The results revealed that all the three factors statistically significant influenced online purchase intention (R 2 = .46, Adjusted R 2 = 0.45, F = 30.53, p = .000). To conclude, respondents felt that to make the online purchasing, the usefulness and ease of use are things to consider; even though there is a risk for them.
Patterns of morphological and genetic variation in western Indian Ocean members of the Chaerephon ' pumilus ' complex (Chiroptera: Molossidae), with the description of a new species from Madagascar

The species delimitations of African, Arabian Peninsula, and western Indian Ocean island members of the Molossidae bat species complex Chaerephon pumilus remain largely unresolved. Based on genetic analyses this group is paraphyletic, with C. leucogaster nested within C. pumilus sensu lato, and the latter is composed of several distinct clades. DNA was isolated from a specimen of C. p. pumilus obtained at the type locality (Massawa, Eritrea). Although incomplete, this sequence allowed us to clearly define which clade is referable to nominate pumilus , a critical step in resolving the systematics of this species complex. Using morphological and molecular genetic (cytochrome b and D-loop sequences) characters, we establish that C. leucogaster and C. ' pumilus ' on Madagascar represent two different lineages and that the Malagasy population referred to C. ' pumilus ' is specifically distinct from those on Africa, the islands and mainland Africa. The population of C. pusillus from the western Seychelles atoll of Aldabra cluster with that of the Comoros, rather than Madagascar. For numerous other species of volant vertebrates (bats and birds), the origin of the Aldabra fauna is mixed between the Comoros and Madagascar (e.g., Goodman & Ranivo 2008; O'Brien et al. 2009; Pasquet et al. 2007; Warren et al. 2003). Hence, in the case of these 9-17 g Chaerephon bats, these water barriers have been associated with the isolation and subsequent differentiation of populations after successful dispersal and colonization events. In contrast, within the Comoros, there is no apparent genetic structure between with the individual islands, which are separated by 40 and 80 km, indicating that this distance is regularly traversed by these bats and giving rise to intra-archipelago panmixia of populations.
EFEITO DA GOMA ARÁBICA NAS CONCENTRAÇÕES DE COLESTEROL HEPÁTICO, SÉRICO E FECAL DE RATOS ALIMENTADOS COM SEMENTE DE LINHAÇA, ÓLEO DE LINHAÇA E COLESTEROL SINTÉTICO

A semente de linhaca, rica em acidos graxos poliinsaturados, tem sido sugerida para reduzir o risco de doencas cardiovasculares. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos das dietas com semente ou oleo de linhaca substituindo em ate 50% os teores de oleo de soja da dieta original, associadas ou nao a goma arabica (5%), nas concentracoes de colesterol hepatico, serico e fecal de 66 ratos distribuidos em 11 grupos induzidos ou nao a hipercolesterolemia com a adicao de 1% de colesterol sintetico na dieta. Durante os 28 dias de experimento os animais permaneceram em ambiente controlado, receberam suas respectivas dietas e a excrecao fecal foi registrada semanalmente. Apos este periodo foi realizada a eutanasia e coletou-se sangue e figado para analises. Com a metodologia adotada nao foi possivel induzir acumulo de colesterol hepatico e serico, com excecao quando o oleo de linhaca foi adicionado. A goma arabica quando associada ao oleo de linhaca exerceu efeito redutor sobre as concentracoes hepaticas de colesterol (-68,39%), em animais induzidos a hipercolesterolemia. A semente de linhaca associada a goma arabica na presenca ou nao de dieta hipercolesterolemiante reduziu as concentracoes sericas de colesterol em 25,56% e 24,17%, respectivamente. Desse modo, conclui-se que a adicao dietetica de goma arabica associada ao oleo ou a semente de linhaca pode trazer beneficios para o metabolismo lipidico.
Resistance to apoptosis in prostate cancer cells.

Abstract Androgen-independent prostate cancer cells are remarkably resistant to therapeutic agents that work by triggering apoptosis via the caspase cascade. The recent sequencing of the entire genome of one of the most radiation-resistant organisms known, Deinococcus radiodurans, yields some insight into how prostate cancer cells might mount such resistance to apoptosis. Rather than being attributable to any one mechanism, the extreme radiation resistance of D. radiodurans appears to reflect the expression of a large number of different systems capable of preventing, repairing, or tolerating DNA damage and a very high degree of redundancy in these systems. Many molecular alterations that may influence the threshold for apoptosis have already been described in advanced prostate cancer; changes in bcl-2, p53, and the androgen receptor have been the most extensively studied. Current information is consistent with the concept that individual prostate cancer cells express multiple antiapoptotic mechanisms. This conclusion implies that it will not be possible to enhance cellular sensitivity to therapeutics that activate apoptosis by disabling just one target in a pathway, because other proteins are likely to be available to assume its function. Likewise, even elimination of a whole pathway may have little effect on sensitivity because cellular viability is protected by so many different mechanisms. However, where molecular changes have a phenotypic consequence, they offer a window of opportunity for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. One such example is a recently identified small organic compound that can inhibit p53 function and thus protect normal tissues against radiation-induced apoptosis without impairing killing of p53-deficient tumor cells.
Mechanisms of Olfaction in Parasitic Wasps: Analytical and Behavioral Studies of Response of a Specialist (Microplitis croceipes) and a Generalist (Cotesia marginiventris) Parasitoid to Host-Related Odor

Parasitic wasps (parasitoids) are known to utilize as host location cues various types of host-related volatile signals. These volatile signals could be plant-based, originate from the herbivore host, or be produced from an interaction between herbivores and their plant host. The success of parasitoids in suppressing pest populations depends on their ability to locate hosts in a complex olfactory and visual environment. Despite the intense interest in host-parasitoid interactions, certain aspects of olfactory communication in this group of insects are not well understood. This study was conducted to characterize mechanisms of olfaction and response to host-related odor in two parasitic wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) with different degrees of host specificity, Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) (specialist) and Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) (generalist), using an integration of analytical, behavioral and electrophysiological techniques. Specific objectives are: (1) Electroantennogram (EAG) responses of M. croceipes and C. marginiventris and their lepidopteran hosts to a wide array of odor stimuli: Correlation between EAG response and degree of host specificity? ; (2) Comparative GC-EAD responses of a specialist (M. croceipes) and a generalist (C. marginiventris) parasitoid to cotton volatiles induced by two caterpillar species; (3) Effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobateria (PGPR) on the induction of cotton volatiles and consequences for response of parasitoids; and (4) Sexual and species differences in the behavioral response of a specialist and generalist parasitoid species to host-related volatiles.