Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Central projections of C4–C8 dorsal root ganglia in the rat studied by anterograde transport of WGA‐HRP

Injections of WGA‐HRP were made in the rat C4–C8 dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) individually to study the central projections and their relations to each other. The main dorsal horn projections from these DRGs to the dorsal horn lamina II extended for about two segments rostrally and caudally to the injected DRG, whereas the projections to laminae I, III, and IV were less restricted rostrocaudally. Comparisons of the dorsal horn projections from the DRGs investigated indicated a tendency for a somatotopic organization, which was most prominent in lamina II. Labeled central branches from the C4–8 DRGs could be traced in the dorsal column as far caudally as 12‐17 segments caudal to the level of entrance. Most of these fibers appeared to end in the medial dorsal horn base, including the column of Clarke. Labeling of primary afferents in the ventral horn generally extended for at least 3‐4 segments rostral and caudal to the level of the injected DRG. Projections to the central cervical nucleus were most prominent from the C4 DRG and gradually became less prominent from the more caudal DRGs. Heavy projections to the cuneate nucleus (Cun) originated from the C7 and C8 DRG, whereas those from the C4–C6 DRGs were less extensive. The Cun projections from the different DRGs appeared to overlap, and the same was true for the projections to the external cuneate nucleus. Projections to the gracile nucleus, the vestibular nuclear complex, including nucleus X, and to trigeminal sensory nuclei were seen from all DRGs investigated.
Nonredundant spherical spiral scanning for offset mounted long antennas

An efficient nonredundant near-field — far-field (NF-FF) transformation with spherical spiral scan suitable for offset mounted elongated antennas is here developed. It allows a remarkable measurement time saving, since the NF data are acquired via a spiral scan and their number is minimum and practically the same of that required in a centred mounting. This result is got by properly exploiting the unified theory of spiral scans for nonspherical antennas and modelling them by a cylinder with two hemispherical caps.
REVIEW: PART OF A SPECIAL ISSUE ON SEXUAL PLANT REPRODUCTION Pollen tube growth and guidance: roles of small, secreted proteins

†Background Pollination is a crucial step in angiosperm (flowering plant) reproduction. Highly orchestrated pollen–pistil interactions and signalling events enable plant species to avoid inbreeding and outcrossing as a species-specific barrier. In compatible pollination, pollen tubes carrying two sperm cells grow through the pistil transmitting tract and are precisely guided to the ovules, discharging the sperm cells to the embryo sac for fertilization. † Scope In Lilium longiflorum pollination, growing pollen tubes utilize two critical mechanisms, adhesion and chemotropism, for directional growth to the ovules. Among several molecular factors discovered in the past decade, two small, secreted cysteine-rich proteins have been shown to play major roles in pollen tube adhesion and reorientation bioassays: stigma/style cysteine-rich adhesin (SCA, approx. 9.3 kDa) and chemocyanin (approx. 9.8 kDa). SCA, a lipid transfer protein (LTP) secreted from the stylar transmitting tract epidermis, functions in lily pollen tube tip growth as well as in forming the adhesive pectin matrix at the growing pollen tube wall back from the tip. Lily chemocyanin is a plantacyanin family member and acts as a directional cue for reorienting pollen tubes. Recent consecutive studies revealed that Arabidopsis thaliana homologues for SCA and chemocyanin play pivotal roles in tip polarity and directionality of pollen tube growth, respectively. This review outlines the biological roles of various secreted proteins in angiosperm pollination, focusing on plant LTPs and chemocyanin.
Syntaxe de l'adverbe de phrase et structure prédicative de la proposition allemande

Les adverbiaux d'enonce et d'enonciation occupent une place a part dans les modeles syntaxiques de l'enonce allemand et representent un defi pour les interpretations informationnelles ou « logico-semantiques » (J.-M. ZEMB) de la topologie du « champ intermediaire » (Mittelfeld, qui correspond a la partie de l'enonce posterieure a la forme verbale conjuguee et par extension aux groupes verbaux dependants, censes etre revelateurs d'un ordre de base dont le Mittelfeld des enonces autonomes garderait la trace). En effet, ces adverbiaux, s'ils sont employes dans le Mittelfeld, sont censes signaler la frontiere entre un champ thematique (« ce dont on parle », a leur gauche) et un champ rhematique (« ce qu'on en dit », a leur droite). Dans les modeles ayant cours en France, la structure theme-rheme est vue comme une predication (le theme etant le domaine et le rheme le predicat repere sur ce domaine). Les adverbiaux d'enonce et d'enonciation partageraient avec la negation de phrase le privilege d'etre les indices de cette frontiere entre deux zones radicalement heterogenes. Mais l'analyse de donnees authentiques suggere que les adverbiaux d'enonce et d'enonciation n'obeissent pas aux memes regles de placement que la negation et peuvent en particulier apparaitre beaucoup plus a gauche, au sein du champ « thematique ». Nous proposons d'amender les modeles en vigueur dans un sens inspire de la Grammaire Fonctionnelle de Simon DIK (1989), ou la proposition est generee au terme d'une suite d'operations predicatives en nombre limite. Une fois montre que les regularites generales touchant a l'ordre des constituants dans le Mittelfeld sont compatibles avec cette lecture, il devient possible d'affirmer que chaque structure predicative est associee a un creneau permettant l'insertion d'adverbiaux d'enonce ou d'enonciation. On conclut en plaidant pour une distinction stricte entre la negation, qui, dans une structure predicative donnee, est associee au predicat et se situe effectivement entre domaine et predicat, et les adverbiaux d'enonce et d'enonciation, qui sont associes a la predication dans son ensemble et la precedent, dans un ordre adverbial-domaine-predicat.
A High-Speed Oscillator-Based Truly Random Number Source for Cryptographic Applications on a Smart Card IC

The design of a high-speed IC random number source macro-cell, suitable for integration in a smart card microcontroller, is presented. The oscillator sampling technique is exploited and a jittered oscillator which features an amplified thermal noise source has been designed in order to increase the output throughput and the statistical quality of the generated bit sequences. The oscillator feedback loop acts as an offset compensation for the noise amplifier, thus solving one of the major issues in this kind of circuit. A numerical model for the proposed system has been developed which allows us to carry out an analytical expression for the transition probability between successive bits in the output stream. A prototype chip has been fabricated in a standard digital 0.18 /spl mu/m n-well CMOS process which features a 10 Mbps throughput and fulfills the NIST FIPS and correlation-based tests for randomness. The macro-cell area, excluding pads, is 0.0016 mm/sup 2/ (184 /spl mu/m /spl times/ 86 /spl mu/m) and a 2.3 mW power consumption has been measured.
A Unified Framework for Optimization under Uncertainty TutORials in Operations Research

Stochastic optimization, also known as optimization under uncertainty, is studied by over a dozen communities, often (but not always) with different notational systems and styles, typically motivated by different problem classes (or sometimes different research questions) which often lead to different algorithmic strategies. This resulting “jungle of stochastic optimization” has produced a highly fragmented set of research communities which complicates the sharing of ideas. This tutorial unifies the modeling of a wide range of problems, from dynamic programming to stochastic programming to multiarmed bandit problems to optimal control, in a common mathematical framework that is centered on the search for policies. We then identify two fundamental strategies for finding effective policies, which leads to four fundamental classes of policies which span every field of research in stochastic optimization.
Evaluation ecology: a new perspective linking improvement and evaluation

Between us, we have approximately 40 years of experience of designing and conducting community-based evaluations of a variety of health programmes, many of which are also struggling with integrating continuous improvement into their daily work. Our own experiences have suggested both the need and the logic of integrating our conceptual approaches to evaluation and improvement, since fundamentally they come down to the same cycle—best represented by the Model for Improvement and the PDSA cycle.1 Our reflections on evaluation and improvement were sparked by reading Lambert and Shearer.2 While readers may be very familiar with the improvement literature from reading this journal and other resources, we also want to draw their attention to the rich and always evolving literature on evaluation. At the 14th invitational ‘Summer Symposium on Building Knowledge for Improvement,’ a group of health professions educators were privileged to engage in discussions with our ‘wizards’ Ray Pawson and Nick Tilley, and explored multiple approaches to evaluation. Many of these approaches have common grounding in the disciplines (particularly in social sciences), yet they have acquired distinct reputations in both academe and practice. While this observation has not been established through the scientific method or testing via a randomised controlled clinical trial, evaluation practitioners and theorists appear to exhibit rock-star/groupie or disciple-like devotion in terms of loyalty to a specific approach. This may be a function of influence at a particular point in time because of a programme officer at a funding agency, an external evaluator or a teacher who expects or promotes a certain approach to evaluation. This sort of devotion is seen for evaluation models such …
Alternativas tecnológicas para reducir el volumen de las vinazas de la industria alcoholera y su tratamiento

En el presente trabajo se analizan dos alternativas tecnologicas en la produccion de etanol para disminuir el volumen de vinazas a la salida de la columna destiladora y sus efectos negativos al medio ambiente, realizando una propuesta para el tratamiento del residual. Se elaboro un modelo de simulacion en Microsoft Excel haciendo uso de tecnicas de analisis de procesos, en el que mediante balances de masa y energia se simula el comportamiento del proceso y los cambios tecnologicos propuestos. Las alternativas propuestas de adicionar un rehervidor de fondo a la columna destiladora y recircular vinazas al tanque de dilucion de mieles disminuyen el flujo de vinazas obtenido al fondo de la columna destiladora, mostrandose el mejor resultado al combinar las alternativas. Las alternativas son economicamente factibles, se obtienen TIR (Tasa de retorno de la inversion) mayores que la tasa de interes utilizada y la inversion se recupera en un tiempo inferior a cuatro anos, demostrando liquidez
Antibody responses against polypeptide components of Epstein‐Barr virus‐induced early diffuse antigen in patients with connective tissue diseases

The specific humoral response against polypeptide components of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV), the induced early diffuse antigen (EA‐D), in patients with connective tissue diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), was investigated by using the immunoblotting technique. The EA(D)‐positive sera from patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), immunocompromised patients (renal transplant recipients and patients with AIDS) as well as the EA(D)‐negative sera from patients with Burkitt's lymphoma and from clinically healthy subjects served as controls. Seven major antigenic polypeptides with molecular weights of 33 kDa, 35 kDa, 52 kDa, 54 kDa, 56 kDa, 58 kDa, and 134 kDa were detected reproducibly by the EA(D)‐positive reference sera and, in particular, by each of the NPC sera tested. The EA(D)‐positive sera from the other groups showed various combinations of detection patterns and few samples reacted with all the major EA(D) polypeptides. Seventy‐three percent of sera from SLE and 47% of sera from MCTD were found to react with EA(D). Sixty‐one percent of sera from SLE vs. 5% from MCTD detected all the EA(D) polypeptides. These results could either reflect perturbations of the immune response linked to the autoimmune disease or suggest a possible pathogenic role of EBV.
Pressure dependence of free-energy expansion coefficients in PbTiO3 and BaTiO3 and tricritical-point behavior.

Analyse des donnees anterieures relatives a la dependance vis-a-vis de la pression, du parametre d'ordre de BaTiO 3 a la temperature ambiante (RT), ainsi que des nouvelles donnees relatives a la dependance du parametre d'ordre de PbTiO 3 , dans le cadre d'une theorie phenomenologique pour les ferroelectriques. On conclut que, dans BaTiO 3 , on est au voisinage d'un point tricritique, mais qu'il est inaccessible a la RT, tandis que dans PbTiO 3 il est accessible a P=1.75×10 10 dyn/cm 2 , permettant une caracterisation complete de la dependance des coefficients de developpement de l'energie libre vis-a-vis de la pression
Tumor-derived osteopontin isoforms cooperate with TRP53 and CCL2 to promote lung metastasis

ABSTRACT The lungs are ubiquitous receptacles of metastases originating from various bodily tumors. Although osteopontin (SPP1) has been associated with tumor dissemination, the role of its isoforms in lung-directed metastasis is incompletely understood. We employed syngeneic mouse models of spontaneous and induced lung-targeted metastasis in C57BL/6 mice competent and deficient in both Spp1 alleles. Tumor-derived osteopontin expression was modulated using either stable anti-Spp1 RNA interference, or forced overexpression of intracellular and secreted Spp1 isoforms. Identified osteopontin's downstream partners were validated using lung adenocarcinoma cells conditionally lacking the Trp53 gene and Ccr2-deficient mice. We determined that host-derived osteopontin was dispensable for pulmonary colonization by different tumor types. Oppositely, tumor-originated intracellular osteopontin promoted tumor cell survival by preventing tumor-related protein 53-mediated apoptosis, while the secretory osteopontin functioned in a paracrine mode to accelerate lung metastasis by enhancing tumor-derived C–C-motif chemokine ligand 2 signaling to cognate host receptors. As new ways to target osteopontin signaling are becoming available, the cytokine may constitute an important therapeutic target against pulmonary involvement by cancers of other organs.
Initial testing (stage 1) of the BH3 mimetic ABT‐263 by the pediatric preclinical testing program

ABT‐263 is a potent (Ki < 1 nM) small‐molecule BH3 mimetic that inhibits the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl‐2, Bcl‐xL and Bcl‐w. The structurally related Bcl‐2 inhibitor ABT‐737 exhibits single‐agent preclinical activity against lymphoma, small‐cell lung carcinoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia and displays synergistic cytotoxicity with chemotherapeutics and radiation.
Sphinx4 for Indonesian continuous speech recognition system

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) is a technology which is capable to convert speech into text. Research in this field is growing very rapidly and is applied in multiple languages. Voice recognition of isolated word and connected word for Indonesian language has been done with various approaches. This is done to get better accuracy in recognition. However, there are still a few research about introduction of continuous speech for the Indonesian language. This paper describes the efforts made to build an Indonesian automatic speech recognition to recognize continuous speech using Sphinx4 (toolkit from CMUSphinx). There are three steps taken to build Indonesia ASR, those are preparing corpus, forming acoustic model and testing. The result of the acoustic model test which was formed showed the value of 23% word error rate and 32,8% sentence error rate. The lower the two variables, the better the introduction to the input given speech files.
QT Peak Prolongation Predicts Cardiac Death Following Stroke

Cardiac death has been linked in many populations to prolongation of the QT interval (QTe). However, basic science research suggested that the best estimate of the time point when repolarisation begins is near the T-wave peak. We found QT peak (QTp) was longer in hypertensive subjects with LVH. A prolonged "depolarisation" phase, rather than "repolarisation" (T peak to T end) might therefore account for the higher incidence of cardiac death linked to long QT. Hypothesis: We have tested the hypothesis that QT peak (QTp) prolongation predicts cardiac death in stroke survivors. Methods and Results: ECGs were recorded from 296 stroke survivors (152 male), mean age 67.2 (SD 11.6) approximately 1 year after the event. Their mean blood pressure was 152/88 mmHg (SD 29/15mmHg). These ECGs were digitised by one observer who was blinded to patient outcome. The patients were followed up for a median of 3.3 years. The primary endpoint was cardiac death. A prolonged heart rate corrected QT peak (QTpc) of lead I carried the highest relative risk of death from all cause as well as cardiac death, when compared with the other more conventional QT indices. In multivariate analyses, when adjusted for conventional risk factors of atherosclerosis, a prolonged QTpc of lead I was still associated with a 3-fold increased risk of cardiac death. (adjusted relative risk 3.0 (95% CI 1.1 - 8.5), p=0.037). Conclusion: QT peak prolongation in lead I predicts cardiac death after stroke.
Extremely Thin Dielectric Metasurface for Carpet Cloaking

We demonstrate a novel and simple approach to cloaking a scatterer on a ground plane. We use an extremely thin dielectric metasurface ({\lambda}/12) to reshape the wavefronts distorted by a scatterer in order to mimic the reflection pattern of a flat ground plane. To achieve such carpet cloaking, the reflection angle has to be equal to the incident angle everywhere on the scatterer. We use a graded metasurface and calculate the required phase gradient to achieve cloaking. Our metasurface locally provides additional phase to the wavefronts to compensate for the phase difference amongst light paths induced by the geometrical distortion. We design our metasurface in the microwave range using highly sub-wavelength dielectric resonators. We verify our design by full-wave time-domain simulations using micro-structured resonators and show that results match theory very well. This approach can be applied to hide any scatterer on a ground plane not only at microwave frequencies, but also at higher frequencies up to the near infrared.
Social cognition in bipolar disorder versus schizophrenia: comparability in mental state decoding deficits

Donohoe G, Duignan A, Hargreaves A, Morris DW, Rose E, Robertson D, Cummings E, Moore S, Gill M, Corvin A. Social cognition in bipolar disorder versus schizophrenia: comparability in mental state decoding deficits. Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 743–748. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
Fine structure of the rectal (salt‐secreting) gland of the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias

The rectal gland of the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias has been described by light and electron microscopy. The cell outline shows remarkable complexity in electron micrographs. The basal plasma membrane has numerous complex infoldings and interdigitations separated by groups of mitochondria. The lateral plasma membrane also shows extensive interdigitation. The apical region demonstrates profiles of interleafing cell processes with much membrane interdigitation occurring between them but containing few mitochondria. The apical surface has microvilli which extend into the tubular lumen and are covered with nap‐like filaments. Glands of some fish were catheterized and attempts were made to correlate the fine structure of these glands with the known secretory rates. The cellular morphology of the secretory cells of the rectal gland correlates well with that seen in other ion‐transporting tissues, although some unique specializations were noted.
Digital confocal imaging of breast cancer using UWB-CMOS integrated circuits

A radar-based breast cancer detection and imaging system was developed by use of impulse-radio ultrawideband (IR-UWB) complementary metal oxide semiconductor integrated circuits (CMOS-IC). Gaussian monocycle pulses (GMP) with 160 ps pulse-width was digitized by equivalent time sampling with 9.77 ps time resolution. The GMP signals were transmitted and received via 16 Ù 16 switching matrix with 4 × 4 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna array. The digital confocal images of a cancer phantom target obtained by the CMOS integrated circuits was confirmed to be equivalent to the analog image with calibrating signal path delays.
Leveraging Eventive Information for Better Metaphor Detection and Classification

Metaphor detection has been both challenging and rewarding in natural language processing applications. This study offers a new approach based on eventive information in detecting metaphors by leveraging the Chinese writing system, which is a culturally bound ontological system organized according to the basic concepts represented by radicals. As such, the information represented is available in all Chinese text without pre-processing. Since metaphor detection is another culturally based conceptual representation, we hypothesize that sub-textual information can facilitate the identification and classification of the types of metaphoric events denoted in Chinese text. We propose a set of syntactic conditions crucial to event structures to improve the model based on the classification of radical groups. With the proposed syntactic conditions, the model achieves a performance of 0.8859 in terms of F-scores, making 1.7% of improvement than the same classifier with only Bag-of-word features. Results show that eventive information can improve the effectiveness of metaphor detection. Event information is rooted in every language, and thus this approach has a high potential to be applied to metaphor detection in other languages.
Microbial Pathogens Associated With Cystic Fibrosis: Special Focus on Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common inherited lethal disease among Caucasians. The disease is characterized by a high sodium sweat concentration, malabsorption, malnutrition, and chronic bronchopulmonary infection. Although CF is a multisystem disorder it is the deterioration of lung function, due mainly to bacterial colonization, that is the major determinant contributing to the high morbidity and mortality of affected patients. A relatively large variety of microbial species can be recovered from the CF sputum but it is widely accepted that Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Burkholderia cepacia are the most important organisms causing infection in CF patients. Among these, P.aruginosa is the most prevalent pathogen responsible for much of the severe chronic lung infection. Antibiotic therapy aimed at clearing or reducing, the bacterial load in the CF lung, even though temporary, increases the longevity of patients and is one of the mainstays in treatment the disease.