Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alcohol Use Disorder Recovery in Ethiopia

Alcohol overuse and abuse is a global challenge; not just a problem in the United States (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration SAMHSA [1]. This study attempted to understand the lived experiences of six Ethiopian recovering persons recovering from alcohol use disorder and to offer a multicultural view of recovery. The country of Ethiopia has problems with substance use and overuse. Alcohol and khat leaves (Catha edulis) are widely abused substances that cause people to seek psychiatric treatments [2-6]. CSA & ICF International [12] reported the prevalence of alcohol use in 53% of men and 45% of women in Ethiopia. Additionally, the WHO [8] revealed that 9.3 percent of Ethiopians practice heavy and hazardous drinking. In many developing countries like Ethiopia, there are alcohol overuse patterns. Patel V [10] described developing countries’ drinking patterns as hazardous, heavily gendered towards men, high-risk and often manifested through drinking alone and binging. Access to use is a cultural phenomenon in Ethiopia given that drinking on holidays and during festivals is socially acceptable; people can easily get homebrewed drinks or buy from liquor stores mostly without age restrictions. Across all cultures overuse of alcohol and other drugs is often associated with physical, mental, economic, and social negative consequences [11-14]. In some studies, substance overuse is associated with crime, anti-social behaviors, unemployment, lost occupational productivity, HIV/AIDS, early childhood traumas, and personal and family problems [15-21]. There is considerable research on how recovery from substance overuse and abuse is achieved. For instance, research results reveal Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) to be an effective treatment for a wide range of overuse of substances [22-25]. Strategies as prayer in AA have been found correlated with reductions in cravings [26]. Other research findings suggest the effectiveness of various individual and group interventions such as Motivational Interviewing (MI), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) (Dutra et al, 2008), mindfulness-based interventions Witkiewitz K, et al. [27], and family-based substance abuse treatment [28]. In addition, research supports numerous factors that support recovery such as cultural background Pruett JM, et al [29], spiritual perspectives Warren J [30], and exposure to people with substance abuse disorders [31].
Advances in Early Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease in the Aged

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, is one of the leading causes of death in the aging population, and has become a serious public problem endangering the physical and mental health of the elderly. The disease not only affects the health of the elderly and the quality of life in their later years, but also brings heavy financial and emotional burden to the family and society. The specific mechanism of AD is still unclear, and the current treatments focus on improving mental function and slowing down memory loss. The early diagnosis of AD is difficult and there is no cure for it, so the early prevention is particularly important. This review will introduce the major treatment, potential risk factors and summarize the relevant research about early preventions of AD, such as regular physical sports, reasonable nutritional diet, certain social activities and so on, and expect to provide a new direction for the improvement of AD.
Pressure Overload Induces Cardiac Hypertrophy in Angiotensin II Type 1A Receptor Knockout Mice

Background—Many studies have suggested that the renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in the development of pressure overload–induced cardiac hypertrophy. Moreover, it has been reported that pressure overload–induced cardiac hypertrophy is completely prevented by ACE inhibitors in vivo and that the stored angiotensin II (Ang II) is released from cardiac myocytes in response to mechanical stretch and induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through the Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1) in vitro. These results suggest that the AT1-mediated signaling is critical for the development of mechanical stress–induced cardiac hypertrophy. Methods and Results—To determine whether AT1-mediated signaling is indispensable for the development of pressure overload–induced cardiac hypertrophy, pressure overload was produced by constricting the abdominal aorta of AT1A knockout (KO) mice. Quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction revealed that the cardiac AT1 (probably AT1B) mRNA levels in AT1A KO mice were.
Helicobacter pylori の病原性

Helicobacter pylori is the most prevalent pathogenic infectious disease found in gastric disorder patients. The new methods to identify H. pylori infection based on molecular technique and immunoassay are bene ﬁ cial for diagnosis, prognosis and control of cancer incidence in infected patients. Three hundred and ﬁ fty specimens from 7 hospitals in different areas of Thailand were studied Specimens were detected for H.pylori by realtime PCR and Catalase antigen test. The results showed that H. pylori was demonstrated in 142 specimens (40.57%) by realtime PCR and 147 specimens (42.00%) by and Catalase antigen test, respectively. It would be concluded that even the normal persons should be monitored for the Helicobacter pylori infection because of its potential risk in gastric cancer.
Exploring Design Elements for Online STEM Courses: Active Learning, Engagement & Assessment Design.

The purpose of this study was to examine effective design elements for online courses in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields at a large four-year public university in southeastern United States. Our research questions addressed the influence of online design elements on students’ perception of learning and learning satisfaction. An online survey was completed by 537 students from 15 online STEM courses in spring 2016. The survey results indicated that student perceptions of learning and satisfaction were correlated with their perceptions of the efficacy of specific design elements, such as integrated active learning activities, interactive engagement strategies, and robust assessment design. In particular, perception of assessment design efficacy was significantly correlated with students’ self-perceived learning and learning satisfaction for students of all subpopulations. The findings inform instructors and instructional designers on how to design effective, inclusive, and engaging online STEM courses. Student survey responses were observed to support universal design for learning (UDL) and in light of this, online STEM instructors are also strongly encouraged to utilize UDL principles in course design, which benefit not only students with disabilities but all students.
Risk of Multiple Sclerosis in Epstein–Barr Virus Infection

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuro-inflammatory, immune-mediated disorder of the central nervous system; however, less is known about its cause. It causes neurological disability in young adults, more commonly in women. Several risk factors including environmental, genetics, and infections have been identified, which contribute to the abnormal immune response. Viruses belonging to the Herpes family have been indicated as a potential risk for MS; their biological mechanisms are not known but several possibilities have been discussed. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the leading and most common virus associated with MS. It is a potential oncogenic virus that hosts the B lymphocytes and has been associated with numerous cancers such as Burkitt's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The risk of MS is low in patients who are EBV negative but increases by several folds in individuals who have a history of infectious mononucleosis (IM). Several ecological studies, co-occurring pathologies, and experimental laboratory-based research provide evidence to support the relationship between EBV and MS.
Role of diagnostic laparoscopy in patients with suspicion of colorectal peritoneal metastases to evaluate suitability for cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy

The aim of the present study was to determine the feasibility and safety of performing diagnostic laparoscopy (DLS) routinely in patients with suspicion of colorectal peritoneal metastases (PM) to evaluate suitability for cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS + HIPEC).
The effects of music therapy on gross motor functions, pain and level of functional independence in children with cerebral palsy

DOI: 10.4328/ACAM.6171 Received: 19.01. 2019 Accepted: 06.02. 2019 Published Online: 11.02. 2019 Printed: 01.03. 2020 Ann Clin Anal Med 2020;11(2):115-119 Corresponding Author: Tomris Duymaz, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Bilgi University, 34440 Istanbul, Turkey. GSM: +905446302676 E-Mail: fzt_tomrisduymaz@yahoo.com ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/ 0000-0003-0917-2098 Abstract Aim: In this study, we aimed to observe the effects of music therapy on gross motor functions, pain, and functional independence measurement in children with cerebral palsy(CP). Material and Method: One hundred and twenty children with CP between 5-11years of age,were randomly divided into a music therapy(MT)+Neurodevelopmental techniques(NDT) group and only NDT group. The children listened to Classical music disc for 45 minutes. Children were treated by NDT while listening to this music. Children were evaluated with Gross Motor Function Measurement (GMFM-88), WeeFIM for functional independence measurement,Wong-Baker faces pain rating scale (FACES) for pain intensity before, at the end of treatment and after 3 months of treatment. The treatments were given 3 times every week, and totally 15 treatments were applied for 5 weeks. Results: GMFM, functional independence and pain were also improved in Group MT+NDT. The differences in improvement of creeping and kneeling, standing, and walking were significant between the two groups (p<0.001), showing the effect in Group MT+NDT was better than that in Group NDT. Discussion: MT, which is applied additionally in the treatment of children with spastic CP, reduces the pain of children more and increases the gross motor functions and functional capacities according to the rehabilitation program applied alone.
Mortality and Body Mass Index in Burn Patients: Experience from a Tertiary Referral Burn Center in Southern Iran

BACKGROUND The role of obesity has been widely studied as a determinant factor of increasing mortality in surgical patients. In this study we aimed to investigate the association of mortality determinants with obesity classification and BMI score in burn patients admitted to a tertiary referral center in Southern Iran. METHODS In this retrospective cross-sectional study, medical profiles of burn patients admitted from 2016 to 2017 were obtained from Amiralmomenin Burn Hospital, a tertiary referral burn center affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Demographic, and clinical characteristics as well as patient outcomes were recorded to determine prognostic factors in fatal burns based on anthropometric measurements. RESULTS Among 101 patients who were enrolled in this study including 73 males and 28 females, mean age was 34.85±12.04 years, total burn surface area (TBSA) was 37.37 (10.50%), BMI was 25.46±5.33 kg/m2 and hospital stay was 22.28±13.62 days. Overall mortality rate was 24.7% with 25 expired cases. Logistic regression demonstrated significant association of older age, male gender, and greater TBSA with mortality. However, difference in mortality rate in patients with BMI of 25 kg/m2 (27.4%) in comparison to patients with BMI<25 kg/m2 (18%) did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION Although patients with higher BMI had increased mortality rate following burn injury, this finding showed no significant association. Further studies with larger samples may be necessary to conclude a causal association between BMI and mortality in burn patients.
Efetividade da atenção farmacêutica aplicada a pacientes idosos ambulatoriais em uso de anticoagulante oral com história de fibrilação atrial em hospital público

The chronic anticoagulation in patients aged over 65 with atrial fibrillation (AF), translates into more concern to the clinic because of the risk of bleeding including brain, beyond the need for periodic controls, without showing a satisfactory response anticoagulant therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the free supply of oral anticoagulants anticoagulation clinic in a public hospital, through the participation of the pharmacist for dispensing design the profile of these patients with a view to submitting a proposal to accompany with pharmacotherapeutic view to optimizing the treatment and maintenance of patients with the INR (International Normalized Ratio) within the target. Was evaluated in a Randomized Clinical Trial, 62 patients divided into 2 groups (intervention and control) with 31 members each. We applied a methodology to guide the pharmacological treatment, using so-called pharmaceutical care, where the act of dispensing is done consciously at the time of delivery, with systematic monitoring, aiming at a rational pharmacotherapy and result-defined and measurable , focused on the quality of life of the patient. Results: 29% of the control group and 36% of the sample were illiterate, 66.67% reduction in emergency room (p = 0.0044, odds ratio 5.33). and 60% in hospitalizations (p = 0.0023, odds ratio 7.5) in the sample (compared to the control group); INR measurements were analyzed using as the link function Quasi-Binomial: considering random effect (repeated measures of the target INR (2-3) in individuals) observed that there is a statistically significant difference in favor of the sample with p = 0.043 and odds ratio = 1.25. For fixed effects, the results, the hypothesis tested in this study demonstrates that, over time, with the frequency of INR medios within the target range, we are more likely to keep him on this track with p <0, 0001. The dispensation of a systematic and conscious of Warfarin, ensures a higher rate of maintenance of the INR target range, bringing benefits to the patient and the financial institution
Rapid Integration of CPS Security and Safety

The security and safety of cyber-physical systems (CPSs) often influence each other. Ensuring that this does not have negative implications might require a large and rigorous effort during the development of CPS. However, early in the life-cycle, quick feedback can be valuable helping security and safety engineers to understand how seemingly trivial design choices in their domain may have unacceptable implications in the other. We propose the cyber risk assessment framework (CRAF) for this purpose. The CRAF is based on openly available and widely used taxonomies from the safety and security domains, and a unique mapping of where loss of data security may impact aspects of data with safety implications. This letter represents the first time these different elements have been brought together into a single framework with an associated process. Through examples from within our organizations we show how this framework can be put to good use.
Automatic Delay Tuning of a Novel Ring Resonator-Based Photonic Beamformer for a Transmit Phased Array Antenna

We present a novel photonic beamformer for a fully integrated transmit phased array antenna, together with an automatic procedure for tuning the delays in this system. Such an automatic tuning procedure is required because the large number of actuators makes manual tuning practically impossible. The antenna system is designed for the purpose of the broadband aircraft-satellite communication in the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathrm{K_u}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-band to provide satellite Internet connections on board the aircraft. The goal of the beamformer is to automatically steer the transmit antenna electronically in the direction of the satellite. This is done using a mix of phase shifters and tunable optical delay lines, which are all integrated on a chip and laid out in a tree structure. The <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathrm{K_u}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-band has a bandwidth of 0.5 GHz. We show how an optical delay line is automatically configured over this bandwidth, providing a delay of approximately 0.4 ns. The tuning algorithm calculates the best actuator voltages based on past measurements. This is the first time that such an automatic tuning scheme is used on a photonic beamformer for this type of transmit phased array antenna. We show that the proposed method is able to provide accurate beamforming (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${<}\text{11.25}^{\circ}$</tex-math></inline-formula> phase error over the whole bandwidth) for two different delay settings.
Analytical study for neonates with respiratory distress on Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure admitted to NICU of Minia University Hospital

Introduction:Using nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for neonatal respiratory support is highly increasing in low and middle-income countries. It reduces the needs for mechanical ventilation in neonates with respiratory distress (RD) in tertiary hospitals. Objectives:This is a prospective non-randomized study aims to evaluate the role and efficiency of bubble CPAP in treatment of neonatal respiratory distress and correlation of bubble CPAP failure with different studied demographic, clinical and laboratory variable data. Patients and methods: The study included all neonates with respiratory distress admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) Minia University hospital from 1st of January to 31st of December 2017.The study analyzed the rate of failure and response of management of those patients on bubble CPAP and compared them with other different treatment modalities according to variable recorded demographic, clinical and laboratory data. Results: Among the 280 cases, 149 patients (53.2%) were treated with oxygen, 52 patients (18.6%) needed to be treated with bubble CPAP, 79 patients (28.2%) needed to be intubated and mechanically ventilated (MV). Our study showed more incidences of bubble CPAP therapy of RD cases with higher gestational ages and birth weight, milder grades of RD, absence of sepsis in comparison with mechanical ventilation and vice versa for comparison with nasal oxygen therapy. Conclusion:CPAP is an effective treatment of RD leading to significant improvement of outcome reducing hospital stay, need for invasive mechanical ventilation with its harmful adverse effects and thus the case fatality rate of RD cases and so the overall mortality rate of the NICU.
Comparison of Time Series Methods and Machine Learning Algorithms for Forecasting Taiwan Blood Services Foundation's Blood Supply

Purpose The uncertainty in supply and the short shelf life of blood products have led to a substantial outdating of the collected donor blood. On the other hand, hospitals and blood centers experience severe blood shortage due to the very limited donor population. Therefore, the necessity to forecast the blood supply to minimize outdating as well as shortage is obvious. This study aims to efficiently forecast the supply of blood components at blood centers. Methods Two different types of forecasting techniques, time series and machine learning algorithms, are developed and the best performing method for the given case study is determined. Under the time series, we consider the Autoregressive (AUTOREG), Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA), Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Seasonal ARIMA, Seasonal Exponential Smoothing Method (ESM), and Holt-Winters models. Artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple regression are considered under the machine learning algorithms. Results We leverage five years worth of historical blood supply data from the Taiwan Blood Services Foundation (TBSF) to conduct our study. On comparing the different techniques, we found that time series forecasting methods yield better results than machine learning algorithms. More specifically, the least value of the error measures is observed in seasonal ESM and ARIMA models. Conclusions The models developed can act as a decision support system to administrators and pathologists at blood banks, blood donation centers, and hospitals to determine their inventory policy based on the estimated future blood supply. The forecasting models developed in this study can help healthcare managers to manage blood inventory control more efficiently, thus reducing blood shortage and blood wastage.
Rarity and limited geographical coverage of individual level alcohol interventions in sub Saharan Africa: findings from a scoping review

ABSTRACT Introduction: A previous review on brief alcohol interventions in sub-Sahara Africa showed most of the interventions were implemented in East and Southern Africa. We carried a scoping review to assess the current amount and types of alcohol interventions in SSA. Methods: We searched six databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, Africa-wide, CINAHL and PsycINFO) for publications prior to June 2018. We used the search terms for alcohol use, alcohol intervention and African countries’ names. We identified 59 papers on alcohol interventions of which 26 were eligible for inclusion in the final analysis. Results: Of the 26 eligible papers, 18(69 %) were carried out in South Africa. Majority 15(58%) of the interventions were randomized clinical trial, followed by seven (27%) quasi-experimental and evaluation of the intervention and five (19%) cluster randomized trials. Most of the studies targeted patients and pregnant women. Only a few studies focused on sex workers and students. Conclusions: Our findings show that the assessment of effectiveness of individual level alcohol interventions is rare in SSA. In addition, these interventions were polarized in two countries. There is an urgent need for an evidence base on the effectiveness of alcohol interventions commensurate with the scope of the problem in SSA.
BRONJ expert panel recommendation of the Italian Societies for Maxillofacial Surgery (SICMF) and Oral Pathology and Medicine (SIPMO) on Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws: risk assessment, preventive strategies and dental management

B osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is an adverse drug reaction that negatively impacts on the quality of life of afflicted patients. Since the first report of BRONJ in 2003, hundreds studies have focused on this topic; nonetheless, the pathogenesis of this disease is still controversial and effective treatment protocols are away from being recognized. In this view, the construction of a preventive strategy for BRONJ and, above all, the 1Sector of Oral Medicine “V. Margiotta” Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy 2Section of Stomatological Sciences Department of Surgical Sciences University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy 3Section of Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Odontostomatologic Sciences “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy 4Section of Odontostomatology Department of Otolaryngological/Dental/ Ophthalmological and Cervico-Facial Sciences University of Parma, Parma, Italy 5Unit of Oncology Department of Oncology and Haematology Alessandria Hospital, Alessandria, Italy 6Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Surgery Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Italy REVIEWS