Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identificación de asociaciones clínico-patológicas e hipermetilación de genes supresores de tumores en cáncer gástrico difuso a través de análisis de Hierarchical clustering

Eighty three patients with diffuse gastric cancer with information about survival andinfection with Epstein Barr virus, were studied. DNA was extracted from pathological slides and themethylation status of genes p14, p15, p16, APC, p73, FHIT, E-caderin, SEMA3B, BRCA-1, MINT-2 yMGMT, was studied using sodium bisulphite modification and polymerase chain reaction. Resultswere grouped according to the methylation index or Hierarchical clustering (TIGR MultiExperimentViewer).
Mortalidad de venado de las pampas (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) y aguará guazú (Chrysocyon brachyurus) en represas de almacenamiento de agua en los bajos submeridionales de Santa Fe, Argentina

MORTALITY OF PAMPAS DEER (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) AND MANED WOLF (Chrysocyon brachyurus) CAUSED BY ARTIFICIAL WATER HOLES LOCATED IN SANTA FE’S “BAJOS SUBMERIDIONALES” WETLANDS, ARGENTINA. Santa Fe’s farmers who live in the “Bajos Submeridionales” wetlands have found a solution to supply domestic cattle with water during the drought periods, when water shortage puts at risk the animal husbandry. They commonly build deep water holes with steep slopes, thus a water reserve is guaranteed to to assist in maintaining hydration for the livestock. This solution has turned into a problem since water holes have been working like traps where wild species are dieing falling into them. From 2005 to 2010, nine of these incidents were reported for Maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus) and one for Pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus). As these species are endangered, it is necessary to take actions that minimize these types of episodes. Therefore, we suggest two possible measures: 1) to build impenetrable wire fences all around the artificial water holes and 2) to install drinking trough near to them.
Analysis of Solute Carrier Family 6 Member 4 Gene promoter polymorphism in young Turkish basketball players.

The serotonin transporter (5-hydroxytryptamine transporter, 5- HTT) gene (SLC6A4) is considered to be one of the most important candidate genes for genetic involvement in psychiatric conditions like anxiety, self- confidence and motivation. In the present study, we aimed to analyze the distribution of SLC6A4 promoter long and short (L and S, respectively) polymorphism in young Turkish basketball players. We enrolled 24 players in the study, 17 were female and 7 were male. 12 %, 35 % and 53 % of the females had SS, LS and LL genotype, respectively; whereas %28,5 of the males had SS and the same percentage of them had LS, and % 43 had LL genotype. When we examine the allelic counts, L allele was recorded as 71% in females and 57% in males; S allele was 29% in females and 43% in males. Our results were in agreement with the previous ones, indicating the presence of L allele in individuals dealing with sport. We suggest that SLC6A4 promoter analysis is important for genetic counseling for the individuals who are prone to be successful in sports.
Nutrient uptake and allocation at steady-state nutrition

Ingestad, T. and Agren, G. I. 1988. Nutrient uptake and allocation at steady-state nutrition. - Physiol. Plant. 72: 450–459. Net nutrient uptake and translocation rates are discussed for conditions of steady-state nutrition and growth. Under these conditions, the relative uptake rate is equal to the relative growth rate, for whole plants as well as for plant parts, since the root/shoot ratio and internal concentrations remain stable. The nutrient productivity and the minimum internal concentration are parameters characteristic for the plant and the nutrient. A conceptual, mathematical model, based on these two fundamental parameters is used for calculation and prediction of the net nutrient uptake rate, which is required to maintain steady-state nutrition at a specified internal nutrient concentration or relative growth rate. When uptake rate is expressed on the basis of the root growth rate, there is, up to optimum, a strong linear relationship between uptake rate and the internal concentration of the limiting nutrient. More complicated and less consistent relationships are obtained when uptake rate is related to root biomass. The limiting factor for suboptimum uptake is the amount of nutrients becoming available at the root surface. When replenishment is efficient, e.g. with vigorous stirring, the concentration requirement at the root surface appears to be extremely low, even at optimum. In the suboptimum range of nutrition, the effect of nutrient status on root growth rate is a critical factor with a strong feed-back on nutrition, growth and allocation. At supraoptimum conditions, the uptake mechanism is interpreted as a protection against too high uptake rates and internal concentrations at high external concentration. In birch (Betula pendula Roth.), the allocation of nitrogen to the shoots is high compared to that of potassium and also to that of phosphorus at low nitrogen or phosphorus status. With decreasing stress, phosphorus allocation becomes more and more similar to nitrogen allocation. The formulation of a mathematical model for calculation of allocation of biomass and nutrients requires more exact information on the quantitative dependence of the growth-regulating processes on nutrition.
Assessing plague risk and presence through surveys of small mammal flea communities

Plague, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, remains a threat to human and wildlife populations in the Western United States (Gage and Kosoy 2005). Several rodent species have been implicated as important maintenance hosts in the U.S., including Peromyscus maniculatus and Dipodomys spp. Fleas are a critical component of plague foci (Gage and Kosoy 2005). Transmission of plague increases with flea abundance and prevalence (Eisen et al. 2006; Lorange 2005). Prairie dogs (Cynomys gunnisoni) which have little innate immunity experience mortality in excess of 99% when exposed to plague (Gage and Kosoy 2005). Because prairie dogs outbreaks are conspicuous, it is possible to record the conditions and risk factors associated with plague outbreaks. Information gathered on prairie dog outbreaks may help identify risk factors for plague transmission in other communities. Here we present the results of a 3-year survey of flea and rodent communities surrounding prairie dog colonies in New Mexico.
SHORT COMMUNICATION: Effect of Salt Stress on Peruvian Germplasm of Chenopodium quinoa Willd.: A Promising Crop

Soil salinity is a major problem in today’s agriculture. Quinoa has become an important crop because it exhibits high levels of salinity tolerance. In addition, its seeds contain an excellent balance of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids and proteins for human nutrition. The quinoa germplasm includes almost 2500 accessions, some of which have been tested under salt stress. Here, we report the effect of NaCl on the germination of 182 previously untested accessions. When seeds were irrigated with saline water at 30 dS m−1 EC, the stress appeared to be too high: all accessions showed less than 60 % germination. In contrast, irrigation with 25 dS m−1 EC saline water allowed over 60 % germination in 15 accessions. These latter accessions’ agricultural traits were then evaluated. The overall coefficients of variation indicated that quinoa genotype and salt treatment dramatically influence root dry mass per plant, but do not noticeably affect the length of the plant’s life cycle. Unexpectedly, salt treatment resulted in increased plant height, leaf dry mass and grain yield. Using Euclidean distance for the simultaneous selection of these five agricultural traits, accessions 100, 136, 127 and 105 proved to be the best performing genotypes under salt stress.
Transmural inflammation by interferon‐γ‐producing T cells correlates with outward vascular remodeling and intimal expansion of ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms

Arterial pathology manifests as aneurysmal or obstructive disease depending on changes in lumen size due to vascular remodeling (change in vessel external diameter) and/or intimal expansion. Recent clinical and experimental observations in abdominal aortic aneurysms have led to the emerging dogma that Th2‐dominant immune responses result in expansive vascular remodeling and luminal ectasia, whereas Th1 immune responses cause intimal hyperplasia and luminal stenosis. We tested this hypothesis by descriptive analyses of 31 non‐aneurysmal and 29 aneurysmal ascending thoracic aortic specimens. Approximately half the aneurysms were distinguished by transmural inflammation. The remaining aneurysms and all the non‐aneurysmal aortas had a similar leukocytic infiltrate that spared the inner media. Aneurysm tissue had increased expression of the prototypical Th1 cytokine, interferon (IFN)‐γ, and undetectable Th2 cytokines. Specimens with inner media infiltration displayed robust production of IFN‐γ, induction of the IFN‐γ‐inducible chemokines IP‐10 and Mig, and recruitment of lymphocytes bearing their cognate receptor CXCR3. Transmural inflammation and IFN‐γ production were associated with increased aortic external diameter, intimal thickening, preserved vascular smooth muscle cell density, and decreased matrix proteins. Th1, but not Th2, immune responses have a positive correlation with both outward vascular remodeling and intimal expansion of ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms.
Foraging for light: photosensory ecology and agricultural implications

This mini-review is concerned with one of the facets of the sensory physiology of plants that, in the last decade, has been intensively studied using genetically altered plants and eco-physiological techniques – the perception of the proximity of neighbouring plants through specific informational photoreceptors. We focus on the signalling mechanisms that allow individual shoots to ‘forage’ for light in patchy and highly dynamic canopy environments. We present evidence from recent experiments suggesting that the fitness of each individual plant in the population, the growth of the population as a whole, and the degree of growth inequality among neighbours are all strongly dependent on the timing and precision of foraging mechanisms controlled, at least partially, by phytochrome-B-like phytochromes. This evidence is discussed in the context of potential impacts on yield of agricultural crops resulting from the artificial alteration of plant sensitivity to proximity photo-signals. Directed overexpression of phytochrome genes appears to be an interesting avenue to explore in order to alter the photomorphogenesis of specific organs (or developmental stages) without affecting the overall ability of the plants to forage for light.
Density Based Multi-Hop PeriodicSpraying for IntermittentlyConnected Networks

Intermittently connected mobile network (ICMN) is a delay-tolerant ad hoc network that is made up of mobile nodes. In real time scenarios like battlefield, wildlife tracking sensors nodes usually suffer from frequent network partitions. In these scenarios, there is no end to end path exists between source and destination due to frequent link breaks and high mobility of nodes. To address these challenges in these networks, several flooding schemes have been introduced but the resource consumption is high. Then many spraying methods also introduced. But the existing spraying methods will not spread the message faster to reduce the average delay. Hence, we propose a new spraying technique in which spraying is done by combining density aware spray and wait with multi-hop periodic spraying. So, there is a chance of spreading the messages faster. Hence, the delay will be decreased and delivery ratio will be increased while maintaining the limited number of replicas of message.
Abscisic acid concentrations and fluxes in droughted conifer saplings

We present the first study of abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations and fluxes in the xylem sap of conifers during a drought cycle. In both Pinus sylvestris and Picea sitchensis the concentration of ABA in the sap rose 11-fold as the drought progressed. There were clear diurnal trends in this concentration, which reached its maximum (6–8.ininol ABA m−3) near the middle of the day. The fluxes of ABA were calculated by multiplying the xylem ABA concentration by the sap flow rate. The ABA fluxes in the droughted plants in the middle of the day were usually no higher than those of the controls, as a result of the very low sap flow in the droughted plants at that time. However, the ABA flux in the droughted plants was higher than in the controls in the morning, and we postulate that the stomata are responding to these ‘morning doses’ Stomatal conductance, gs, could not be related statistically to leaf turgor or to the ABA flux. However, £s did display a negative exponential relationship with ABA concentration in the xylem. Pinus displayed more acclimation to drought than Picea, Its ABA concentration rose and its stomatal conductance fell at day 6 of the drought, as opposed to day 17 for Picea, and its osmotic potential fell during the drought treatment.
Future Perspectives of Metabolomics in Adipocytes

Obesity and diabetes have reached global epidemic status in modern society. It is well known that metabolic syndrome leads to the progression of these diseases, eventually decreasing quality of life. In wake of these epidemics, adipose tissue has attracted significant attention because of its activity as an energy storage reservoir. Lately, even more importance has been given to the different classes of adipocytes including white, brown and beige adipose tissues. Most research has been focused on understanding molecular mechanisms of cellular signaling. However, not much is known about metabolic reprogramming and the influence of metabolic stimuli on adipocyte activity. Systems biology driven by untargeted metabolic profiling of adipocytes will bridge the gap between nutrition, metabolism and regulation of metabolic disorders. In particular, metabolomics, an emerging omic science, will play an important role in identifying biomarkers associated with these metabolic diseases. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of adipose tissue subclasses and their role in health and disease.
Dual role of PKA in phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells by extracellular ATP

Extracellular ATP is released from activated platelets and endothelial cells and stimulates proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). We found that ATP stimulates a profound but transient activation of protein kinase A (PKA) via purinergic P2Y receptors. The specific inhibition of PKA by adenovirus-mediated transduction of the PKA inhibitor (PKI) attenuates VSMC proliferation in response to ATP, suggesting a positive role for transient PKA activation in VSMC proliferation. By contrast, isoproterenol and forskolin, which stimulate a more sustained PKA activation, inhibit VSMC growth as expected. On the other hand, the activity of serum response factor (SRF) and the SRF-dependent expression of smooth muscle (SM) genes, such as SM-α-actin and SM22, are extremely sensitive to regulation by PKA, and even transient PKA activation by ATP is sufficient for their downregulation. Analysis of the dose responses of PKA activation, VSMC proliferation, SRF activity, and SM gene expression to ATP, with or without PKI overexpression, suggests the following model for the phenotypic modulation of VSMC by ATP, in which the transient PKA activation plays a critical role. At low micromolar doses, ATP elicits a negligible effect on DNA synthesis but induces profound SRF activity and SM gene expression, thus promoting the contractile VSMC phenotype. At high micromolar doses, ATP inhibits SRF activity and SM gene expression and promotes VSMC growth in a manner dependent on transient PKA activation. Transformation of VSMC by high doses of ATP can be prevented and even reversed by inhibition of PKA activity.
Mechanisms of age‐related changes in forest production: the influence of physiological and successional changes

Net primary production (NPP) declines as forests age, but the causal role of decreased gross primary production (GPP), or increased autotrophic respiration (Ra) is still a matter of debate. This uncertainty complicates predicted responses to future climate, as higher atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations may amplify the carbon (C)‐sink in temperate forests if GPP controls the decline in NPP, but increased temperatures may decrease this C‐sink if Ra controls the NPP decline. We quantified NPP in forests dominated by loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) in North Carolina, USA that varied from 14 to 115 years old. We used a sap‐flow approach to quantify summer canopy photosynthesis by pines and later‐successional hardwood trees, and measured wood CO2 efflux to investigate age‐related changes in pine Ra. Despite increasing production by later‐successional hardwoods, an 80% decline in pine NPP caused ecosystem NPP to decline with age by ∼40%. The decline in pine NPP was explained by reduced stomatal conductance and photosynthesis, supporting the hypothesis that increasing hydraulic limitation and declining GPP drove the age‐related decline of NPP in this species. The difference between GPP and NPP indicated that pine Ra also declined with age; this was corroborated by measurements of reduced stem CO2 efflux with increasing age. These results indicate that C cycling in these successional temperate forests is controlled by C input from GPP, and elements of global change that increase GPP may increase the C‐sink in aging warm‐temperate pine forests.
The Impact of Multi‐dimensional Trust for Customer Satisfaction

Trust is one of the most important aspects of the relationship between retailers and consumers in ecommerce. Users may have concerns about transaction security or personal information leakage when they engage in transactions over the Internet. It can be difficult to attract customers if the retailers or service providers cannot establish trust with their customers. There have been many studies of trust? building mechanisms between customers and e? storefronts. However, little work has been done on identifying the relationships between customer satisfaction, purchase intention, and trust. In addition, trust building occurs in the pre? and post? purchase phases of an e? commerce transaction, as well as gradually over repeated transactions. Thus we distinguish between cue? based trust and experience? based trust. The objective of this study was to explain the impact of trust on customer satisfaction and purchase intention in relation to e? commerce sites from the perspective of a multi? dimensional concept of trust. We surveyed 350 undergraduate students and obtained 331 responses for analysis. The result of our analysis showed that cue? based trust has a positive relationship with trust based on experience. Although the two concepts of trust have positive relationships with satisfaction, the path coefficient of trust based on experience was higher than that of cue? based trust. In addition, the purchase intention mediates the relationship between cue? based trust and experience? based trust.
Ancient Barkpeeled Trees in the Bitterroot Mountains, Montana: Legacies of Native Land use and Implications for their Protection

ABSTRACT: Culturally modified trees (CMTs) are trees with scars that reflect human utilization of forested ecosystems. Some CMTs can reveal unique knowledge of native cultures and insight to peoples' subsistence and land use in the past, and are mostly to be found in protected areas since they contain very old trees. In this study, we examine attributes and the spatial and temporal distribution of bark-peeled trees, and present forest structure in two remnant ponderosa pine forests (Pinus ponderosa P. & C. Lawson) in western Montana. We also wanted to use an alternative method of dating CMTs and initiate a broader discussion of threats to such trees and needs for sustaining and protecting them. In total, 343 bark-peelings were recorded on 274 living and dead trees. Our results show that only certain trees were selected for harvest. Nearby trees of similar size and age were not used. The age estimation indicates that the bark-peelings were performed from the mid 1600s until the early 1900s. Today the forest at both study areas is generally low in density and all-aged with very old individual trees. They consist of a mosaic of uneven-aged tree groups and individual trees of various ages. We conclude that the abundance and density of bark-peeled trees at the study areas exceed values reported in most other North American studies (formally protected forests included), that the two areas represent different harvest areas for ponderosa pine inner bark, and that CMTs need to be recognized both as ecologically and culturally valuable features of old ponderosa pine forests.
Hypoxia and HIF‐1α in Chondrogenesis

Abstract: In endochondral bone development chondrocytes undergo proliferation, hypertrophic differentiation, mineralization of the surrounding matrix, death, blood vessel invasion, and finally replacement of cartilage with bone. The chondrocytic growth plate is a unique mesenchymal tissue, as it is avascular but it requires blood vessel invasion in order to be replaced by bone. We have recently provided evidence that the growth plate is hypoxic during fetal development. Adaptation to hypoxia is a critical event in numerous pathological settings, such as tumor progression and survival of tissues in which blood flow has been suddenly interrupted. One of the hallmarks of the response to hypoxia is activation of the transcription factor HIF‐1α. The von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor protein is a component of a ubiquitin ligase promoting proteolysis of HIF‐1α. By using a genetic approach, we have demonstrated that VHL and HIF‐1α are critical regulators of endochondral bone development.
Added-value milk fat derivatives from integrated processes using supercritical technology

Milk fat has a very rich chemical composition and unique organoleptic properties. It is the only relevant natural source of short-chain fatty acids (C4 to C10), which have been associated to several health effects. Milk fat also contains a series of minor, bioactive lipids with anticarcinogenic, antidepressant and bactericidal activity. In the last decades, however, the consumption of milk fat in developed countries has decreased gradually, mainly due to its relatively high price compared to margarines and a negatively perceived health image, derived from its content of cholesterol and saturated fatty acids. Consequences of the consumption decline are the accumulation of milk fat stocks, which leads to instability in the dairy sector. A promising strategy for the revalorization of milk fat encompasses a more effective use of both its major and minor components. The aim of this thesis was to conceive and develop novel routes for the synthesis of added-value derivatives from milk fat, focusing on the use of the major components of milk fat (fatty acids) and on the preservation of its natural characteristics (flavor, aroma, texture). To this end, enzymatic or physical modifications of milk fat were applied. The use of supercritical carbon dioxide as a processing solvent in reaction, extraction and micronization operations was explored in this context, with a special focus on the possibility of process integration.