Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biochemical and Biomechanical Analysis of Tendons of Caged and Penned Chickens

Chickens were divided into two groups, one caged and the other penned. Superficial digital flexor tendons from penned chickens showed greater tensile strength, withstanding a greater strain before rupture than tendons from caged chickens. The tensile region of tendons from penned chickens showed more swelling in acetic acid and a higher hydroxyproline concentration compared with caged chickens, indicating the presence of large collagen amounts in the former. The tensile region of penned chickens presented higher glycosaminoglycan concentrations than the same region of caged chickens. For both groups, the predominant glycosaminoglycan in the compression regions was chondroitin sulfate, whereas dermatan sulfate was found in the tensile regions. N-terminal analysis identified the small proteoglycans fibromodulin and decorin. SDS-PAGE indicated that decorin was present in all regions and fibromodulin was mainly observed in the tensile region. These results indicate that an external condition, in this case the area available for locomotion, might influence the synthesis of extracellular matrix components and the mechanical properties of the tendon.
A Computational Model of Functionally-distinct Cervical Vagus Nerve Fibers

Cervical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a neuromodulation therapy used in the treatment of several chronic disorders. In order to maximize the therapeutic effectiveness of VNS, it has become increasingly important to deliver fiber-specific neurostimulation, so that undesired effects can be minimized. Assessing the activation of different vagal fiber types through electrical stimulation is therefore essential for developing fiber-selective VNS therapies. Towards this goal, we conducted in silico investigations using a generic model of functionally distinct nerve fibers and clinically relevant cuff electrodes using COMSOL. Our model is constrained by histological observations from rat cervical vagus nerves and its outputs are validated against averaged compound nerve action potentials (CNAPs) obtained from rat vagus nerve recordings. We propose this model as an effective tool to design fiber-specific stimulation protocols before testing them in experimental animals.
Use of Computer Technology During Family-Centered Rounds: A Qualitative Study of Parent Perspectives.

OBJECTIVES Physicians often use computer technologies to assist in work activities, including family-centered rounds (FCR), but little is known about the attitudes of families on the use of these technologies. We aimed to describe these perceptions on the presence and use of computer technologies during FCR. METHODS We conducted observations of FCR from a parent's visual perspective to "see what they see. " This was followed by in-depth interviews with the families of patients admitted to the hospitalist service at our institution to describe their experience with the use of computer technology by the medical team during FCR. RESULTS From the analysis of 31 individual interview transcripts, our research team identified the following 4 themes: (1) technology serves a purpose during FCR; (2) to view data in real time; (3) do not lose the human connection; and (4) transparency is valued. Thirty-eight observations showed broad use of computer technologies by the medical team. Devices were used to provide data that would educate the family; however, the devices were often placed between the medical team and family, creating a physical barrier. CONCLUSIONS Families recognized the benefit of computer technologies in the care of their child and would like greater sharing of information by the medical team. They insisted their child always be "placed first" and that the team be transparent with their use of technology. Computer technology may create possible obstructions and distractions to the medical team. As computer technologies become more commonplace in medicine, maintaining the essence of good patient-communication and family centered care is essential.
A novel hybrid approach to the estimation of biophysical parameters from remotely sensed data

This paper presents a novel hybrid approach to the estimation of biophysical parameters from remotely sensed data. This approach integrates theoretical analytical models and empirical models based on field reference samples to increase the reliability and the accuracy of the estimation. The estimation process is modeled by two terms: the first one expresses the relationship between the input features and the target biophysical variable according a theoretical model based on the physics of the considered problem; the second one corrects the deviation between theoretical model estimates and true target values according to an empirical data-driven model. The latter is derived by exploiting the available (typically few) field reference samples. In this way the robustness and generality of theoretical model based estimates, which stem from the rigorous theoretical foundation, is preserved, while the bias and imprecision (due to simplifications in the analytical formulations of the model with respect to the real estimation process) are reduced. Results achieved for the specific application of soil moisture estimation from microwave remotely sensed data with two different correction strategies are reported. These results show the effectiveness and the potentiality of the proposed integration approach.
Experience with HVDC - Turbine-Generator Torsional Interaction at Square Butte

Tests on the the modern HVDC system at Square Butte conducted in October 1977 indicated that the HVDC terminal was interacting in an adverse way with an 11.5-Hz torsional mode of an adjacent turbine- generator unit. Subsequent analytical work duplicated the field test observations and was used to develop an understanding of the HVDC-torsional interaction phenomena. As a result of the analytical work, the control system of the HVDC terminal was modified and subsequent tests showed that the changes resulted in stable operation. The paper includes significant field test and analytical results.
Haploinsufficiency of endogenous parathyroid hormone‐related peptide impairs bone fracture healing

Previous studies have demonstrated that endogenous parathyroid hormone‐related peptide (PTHrP) plays a central role in the physiological regulation of bone formation. However, it is unclear whether endogenous PTHrP plays an important function in enhancing bone fracture healing. To determine whether endogenous PTHrP haploinsufficiency impaired bone fracture healing, closed mid‐diaphyseal femur fractures were created in 8‐week‐old wild‐type and Pthrp+/− mice. Callus tissue properties were analysed 1, 2 and 4 weeks after fracture by radiography, histology, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and molecular biology. The size of the calluses was reduced 2 weeks after fracture, and the fracture repairs were poor 4 weeks after fractures, in Pthrp+/− compared with wild‐type mice. Cartilaginous callus areas were reduced 1 week after fracture, but were increased 2 weeks after fracture in Pthrp+/− mice. There was a reduction in the number of ostoblasts, alkaline phosphatase (ALP)‐positive areas, Type I collagen immunopositive areas, mRNA levels of ALP, Runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and Type I collagen, Runx2 and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 protein levels, the number of osteoclasts and the surface in callus tissues in Pthrp+/− compared with wild‐type mice. These results demonstrate that endogenous PTHrP haploinsufficiency impairs the fracture repair process by reducing cartilaginous and bony callus formation, with downregulation of osteoblastic gene and protein expression and a reduction in endochondral bone formation, osteoblastic bone formation and osteoclastic bone resorption. Together, the results indicate that endogenous PTHrP plays an important role in fracture healing.
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase mRNA in Alzheimer and control brain

Statins are widely used pharmaceutical agents which lower plasma cholesterol by inhibiting the rate controlling enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. One epidemiological study suggests that statin therapy may provide protection against Alzheimer disease (AD). The aim of the present study was to determine the relative expression of HMG-CoA reductase mRNAs in various areas of brain as well as in peripheral organs and to compare values in AD and control cases. High levels of the mRNA were found in all areas of brain but no obvious differences were found between AD and controls. We conclude that brain has a robust capacity to synthesize cholesterol which appears to be unaffected by AD pathology.
Mechanism of Cardiac Sarcolemmal Adenosine Triphosphate–sensitive Potassium Channel Activation by Isoflurane in a Heterologous Expression System

Background:Activation of the cardiac sarcolemmal adenosine triphosphate–sensitive potassium (KATP) channel during metabolic stress initiates cellular events that preserve cardiac performance. Previous studies showed that halogenated anesthetics prime KATP channels under whole cell voltage clamp and act in intracellular pH (pHi)–dependent manner on KATP channels in excised membrane patches. However, it is not known how halogenated anesthetics interact with these channels. Methods:The authors evaluated the effect of pHi and isoflurane on the KATP channel subunits, the pore-forming inward rectifier Kir6.2, and the regulatory sulfonylurea receptor SUR2A, using HEK293 cells as a heterologous expression system. Single channel activity was recorded in the inside-out patch configuration. Results:At pHi 7.4, isoflurane had negligible effect on activity of wild-type Kir6.2/SUR2A, but at pHi 6.8, the channel open probability was increased by isoflurane (0.177 ± 0.077 to 0.364 ± 0.164). By contrast, the open probability of truncated Kir6.2&Dgr;C26, which forms a functional channel without SUR2A, was attenuated by isoflurane at both pHi 7.4 and pHi 6.8. Coexpression of Kir6.2&Dgr;C26 with SUR2A restored pHi sensitivity of channel activation by isoflurane. Site-directed mutagenesis within the Walker motifs of SUR2A abolished isoflurane activation of KATP channel at pHi 6.8. In addition, the pancreatic-type channels expressing sulfonylurea receptor SUR1 could not be activated by isoflurane. Conclusions:The nucleotide binding domains of SUR2A play a crucial role in isoflurane facilitation of the KATP channel activity at moderately acidic pHi as would occur during early ischemia. These findings support direct and differential interaction of isoflurane with the subunits of the cardiac sarcolemmal KATP channel.
Histologic/histochemical grading system for osteoarthritic articular cartilage: reproducibility and validity.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the reproducibility and validity of the histologic/histochemical grading system (HHGS) for osteoarthritis (OA) developed by Mankin and coworkers. METHODS Sections of human articular cartilage from macroscopically normal and osteoarthritic femoral heads were graded by the HHGS (0-14 scale) twice by 3 observers, and intra- and interobserver reproducibility was determined. RESULTS The exact intra- and interobserver reproducibilities ranged from 22% to 33% and from 13% to 25%, respectively. Intra- and interobserver variation ranged from -7 to 5. Although scores were generally higher in cartilage from osteoarthritic joints as compared with cartilage from normal joints, the difference reached statistical significance for only 2 observers. Additionally, the average scores from all observers were within the definitive range for OA (>5) in 30% of sections from normal joints, and in only 47% of sections from OA joints. CONCLUSION The results indicate that the reproducibility and the validity of the HHGS are inadequate, and an improved histopathologic grading system for OA is needed.
Fitts' Law With An Average of Two or Less Submoves?

ABSTRACT A number of researchers have noted that, with as few as 2 submovements (primary and corrective), the movement time versus index of difficulty (ID) data are described by Fitts' law, that is, there is a linear relationship between movement time (MT) and ID. A model is presented that shows that there may be an apparent relationship of this form between MT and ID with only 2 submovements. The model is based on the characteristics of ballistic movements and the required corrections to the endpoint of the primary submovement. The model shows the close relationship between the ballistic distance-covering phase of a movement and the consequent Fitts' law. The model is tested against several data sets and found to give a good description of the aiming process.
Preventive strategies against weight gain and obesity

A well‐resourced, comprehensive, population‐based set of strategiesis needed to attenuate and eventually reverse the current trendsof increasing obesity prevalence now apparent in most countries.The Epidemiological Triad (host, vector, environment) has provento be a robust model for other epidemics and is applied to obesity. Host‐based strategies are primarily educational and these tend to bemost effective among people with higher incomes and higher educational attainment.The main vectors for a high‐energy intake are energy‐dense foodsand drinks and large portion sizes and, for low energy expenditure,machines that promote physical inactivity. Vector‐based strategiesthat alter food formulation can have a significant impact, particularlythrough influencing common, high‐volume foods. The increasingly ‘obesogenic’ environmentsare probably the main driving forces for the obesity epidemic. Thereare many environmental strategies that can influence the physical,economic, policy or socio‐cultural environments, but the evidencebase for these potentially powerful interventions is small. Childrenshould be the priority population for interventions, and improvingthe general socio‐economic conditions for disadvantaged, marginalizedor poor population sectors is also a central strategy for obesityprevention. The key settings for interventions are schools, homes,neighbourhoods, primary health care services and communities. Thekey macroenvironments for interventions are the transport and infrastructuresector, the media and the food sector.
Combined endoscopic and surgical covered stent placement: a new tailored treatment for enteroatmospheric fistula in patients with terminal ileostomy

An enteroatmospheric fistula (EAF) is defined as the presence of an enteric fistula in the middle of an open abdomen with no overlying soft tissue [1]. We describe an alternative approach to the management of EAFs located on the small bowel close to a terminal ileostomy using a covered self-expanding metal stent (CSEMS), which we used in three patients. The median time to discovery of the EAF was 42 days (range 35–55). The median distance between the EAF and the terminal ileostomy was 15 cm (12–20). All patients had been previously managed for EAF using adapted tube vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) (▶Fig. 1). Themedian interval between discovery of the EAF and use of the CSEMSwas 20 days (17–42). Endoscopy was performed via the terminal ileostomy. A guidewire was introduced through the ileostomy and guided beyond the EAF. A colonic CSEMS (Hanarostent HRC, Life Partners Europe, Bagnolet, France) with a diameter of 40–20– 26mm and a length of 24 cm was then placed on either side of the EAF. The position of the stent was checked by direct vision and radiological guidance, and it was then deployed to cover the EAF. The stent was sutured to the edge of the EAF using absorbable sutures to prevent migration. Sutures were placed on the mesh without passing through the coating of the CSEMS (▶Fig. 2; ▶Video1). VAC therapy using white then black foam was placed on the EAF orifice. Postoperative management consisted of changing the VAC therapy every 48–72 hours (▶Fig. 3) and enteral nutrition via a nasojejunal tube. The CSEMS was removed after 1 month. By this time, the EAF had closed in two patients and the CSEMS was easily removed. In the remaining patient, the CSEMS had to be changed because of persistence of the EAF with endoscopic perforation occurring during placement of the second CSEMS. In all three paE-Videos
Cooperative Deep Reinforcement Learning for Tra ic Signal Control

Trac signal control plays a crucial role in intelligent transportation system. However, the existing approaches for trac signal control based on reinforcement learning mainly focus on trac signal optimization for single intersection. We propose a deepreinforcement-learning-based approach to collaborative control trac signal phases of multiple intersections. For the state representation, we use comprehensive road network information as input, and for each controller (intersection), sucient autonomy is given so as to enable it to adapt to dierent kinds of intersections. Besides, we design a reward considering driver patience and cumulative delay, which can beer reect the reward from the road network. Based on the above opinions, a variant of independent deep Q-learning is introduced, so that multiple agents can be applied experience replay to speed up the training process.
Cross-Cultural Feigning Assessment: A Systematic Review of Feigning Instruments Used With Linguistically, Ethnically, and Culturally Diverse Samples

The cross-cultural validity of feigning instruments and cut-scores is a critical concern for forensic mental health clinicians. This systematic review evaluated feigning classification accuracy and effect sizes across instruments and languages by summarizing 45 published peer-reviewed articles and unpublished doctoral dissertations conducted in Europe, Asia, and North America using linguistically, ethnically, and culturally diverse samples. The most common psychiatric symptom measures used with linguistically, ethnically, and culturally diverse samples included the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology, the Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test, and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). The most frequently studied cognitive effort measures included the Word Recognition Test, the Test of Memory Malingering, and the Rey 15-item Memory test. The classification accuracy of these measures is compared and the implications of this research literature are discussed.
Highly compact lumped element resonators in LTCC for avionic systems

A new system level architecture for multi-standard receivers to cover all the VHF and UHF band avionic systems is proposed. The proposed architecture relies on special RF front-end filtering to separate different services. A dual band-pass filter is designed using only two resonators. The resonators are designed and fabricated in LTCC technology using a lumped element approach. Measured results show close agreement with simulations with very small form factor.
Nonlinear modeling and parameter identification of harmonic drive robotic transmissions

Harmonic drive gears, of extensive use in robotics, exhibit a non-smooth torque transmission characteristic that significantly influences the dynamic behavior of the driving and driven elements. In this paper, the authors propose a mechanical model for the joint transmission unit that takes into account compliance, dynamic friction, static friction (startup torque) and hysteresis, the last two items also depend on the load history of the harmonic drive. Based on a series of quasistatic and stationary dynamic experiments, the authors describe a scheme to identify all necessary parameters. Finally, the quality of the model and parameters is verified experimentally with respect to its dynamic behavior by driving the actual system and the model with the same input and comparing the output signals.
Necdin , a p 53 target gene , regulates the quiescence and response to genotoxic stress of hematopoietic stem / progenitor cells

1Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; 2Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; 3Computational Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; 4Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB; and 5Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
Millimeter wave location-based beamforming using compressive sensing

This paper develops a location based analog beamforming (BF) technique using compressive sensing (CS) to be feasible for millimeter wave (mmWave) wireless communication systems. The proposed scheme is based on exploiting the benefits of CS and localization to reduce mmWave beamforming (BF) complexity and enhance its performance compared with conventional mmWave analog BF techniques. CS theory is used to exploit the sparse nature of the mmWave propagation channel to estimate both the angle of departures (AoDs) and the angle of arrivals (AoAs) of the mmWave channel, and knowing the node location effectively reduces the number of BF vectors required for constructing the sensing matrix. Hence, a high accurate mmWave BF with a low set-up time can be obtained. Simulation analysis confirms the high effectiveness of the proposed mmWave BF technique compared to the conventional exhaustive search BF and the CS based BF without localization using random measurements.
Estimating sexual transmission of HIV from persons aware and unaware that they are infected with the virus in the USA

Background:New HIV infections stem from people who are aware they are HIV positive (approximately 75% of infected persons in the USA) and those who are unaware of their HIV-positive status (approximately 25%). Objective:We estimated the relative contribution of these two groups in sexually transmitting new HIV infections to at-risk (HIV-negative or unknown serostatus) partners in the USA. Methods:The parameters in the estimation included: number of people aware and unaware they are infected with HIV; 33% of the aware group are at low risk of transmitting HIV because of low/undetectable viral load; 57% relative reduction in the prevalence of unprotected anal and vaginal intercourse (UAV) with at-risk partners in persons aware (compared to unaware) they have HIV; and assumed differences in the average number of at-risk UAV partners in each awareness group (ranging from equal to twice as many in the unaware group). Results:The proportion of sexually transmitted HIV from the HIV-positive unaware group was estimated to range from 0.54 (assuming no difference in average number of at-risk UAV partners between groups) to 0.70 (assuming twice as many at-risk UAV partners in the unaware group). Using the lower bounds, the transmission rate from the unaware group was 3.5 times that of the aware group after adjusting for population size differences between groups. Conclusion:The results indicate that the HIV/AIDS epidemic can be lessened substantially by increasing the number of HIV-positive persons who are aware of their status.