Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Restoration of natural capital: Mobilising private sector investment

This research aims to provide an analysis of the private sector's potential contribution to the maintenance of ecosystem services in South Africa. While there is widespread support for payment for ecosystem services and goods (PES), the development of markets and the making of payments are heavily constrained by a number of factors. This constraint is because there are barriers to entry and the need to facilitate the market-making process. This process could be supported by, among others, the establishment of a PES stimulation fund. It is unlikely that the PES potential would be realised without such high-level intervention and support. The fund has a very important role to play in assisting the development of the PES industry in South Africa. Its development enjoys overwhelming support, and the role of a financial intermediary is central to the success of PES.
On the solution of asymptotic impact problems with significant localised indentation

A major challenge in studying impact problems analytically is solving the governing equations of impact events, which are mostly in the form of nonlinear ODEs. This paper focuses on the solution of nonlinear models for impact problems in asymptotic cases, where local indentation is significant. The asymptotic cases consist of both half-space and infinite plate impacts, which cover a wide range of practical impact events. A so-called force–indentation linearisation method (FILM), first described in a previous study, is reformulated here in a more general form in order to broaden its scope of application. The generalisation of the FILM facilitates stable and convergent solutions even when complex nonlinear contact models are used to estimate the impact force. Simulations based on the FILM approach are validated using numerical solutions.
Stochastic Optimization of Bose-Einstein Condensation Using a Genetic Algorithm

In 1924/25, Satyendranath Bose and Albert Einstein predicted that particles of integer spin (today called bosons) should undergo a quantum statistical phase transition when cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero (Bose, 1924; Einstein, 1925). This phenomenon, nowadays called Bose-Einstein condensation, has been experimentally observed seventy years later using ultracold (nanokelvin temperatures) gases of bosonic neutral atoms (Anderson et al., 1995; Bradley et al., 1995; Davis et al., 1995c). This spectacular experimental achievement was awarded the Nobel price in 1995 and has triggered a new research direction "ultracold quantum gases" with more than 200 groups worldwide today. 1 Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) of ultracold atomic gases represent a fascinating exotic state of matter with properties entirely determined by the laws of quantum mechanics. Although they consisting of several thousands up to millions of atoms, the quantum state can in most cases be described by a single collective wave function with a common quantum phase. This wave function usually has a spatial extent ranging between 1-100 microns, allowing us to observe quantum mechanics essentially by eye using basic magnification optics. The Bose-Einstein condensate can be described as a coherent matter wave in close analogy to the optical field emitted by (or inside) a laser. This analogy has brought about the field of "quantum-atom-optics" which aims to implement standard elements and experiments known from laser optics using matter waves. As heavy rest mass particles, such as atoms, are very sensitive to gravity or acceleration/rotations, matter-wave interferometers promise orders of magnitude in sensitivity gain compared to their photonic counterparts (Berman, 1996). Over the last decade, experimental tools for the creation and manipulation of ultracold quantum matter have reached an impressive degree of sophistication. This allows the construction of tailored Hamiltonians for the system and the "quantum simulation" of more general physical situations, not connected to atomic physics alone. Optical lattice potentials allow to mimic solid state physics with a high degree of control over essentially all experimental parameters. Particle interactions can be tuned via Feshbach resonances, allowing the study of superconductivity, superfluidity and the formation of ultracold
ACP Medicine

Heart failure is a clinical syndrome resulting from a structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the ventricle to fill with or eject blood to meet the needs of the body. This syndrome, which is a constellation of signs and symptoms, is primarily manifested by dyspnea, fatigue, fluid retention, and decreased exercise tolerance. Heart failure may result from disorders of the pericardium, the myocardium, the endocardium, valvular structures, or the great vessels of the heart or from rhythm disturbances. It is important to emphasize that not all patients with heart failure symptoms have similar cardiac structural abnormalities. Indeed, the major thrust of an initial evaluation of a patient with heart failure is to define the cardiac abnormalities responsible for the symptoms.
EVOLUTION OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE XIST LOCUS IN MAMMALS

Motivation: The origin of sex chromosomes and the emergence of the mechanism of inactivation of the X chromosomes in the course of mammalian evolution remain some of the most intriguing phenomena. X inactivation is controlled by a special locus of the X chromosome: the inactivation center, in which the central functional role is assigned to the Xist gene. Despite progress, X inactivation is still in the spotlight and still promises surprises. The question of the origin of X inactivation is opened-ended: what molecular mechanisms made it happen? We are particularly interested in the question of the origin of the Xist gene. How and when did this gene emerge? On the basis of what sequences did they? And since this gene is in the class of large non-coding regulatory RNA genes, this question is more general. The aim of this work was to reconstruct the ancestral Xist gene of placental mammals, to reveal features of its structure and identify its evolutionary pathways. Results: We have performed a comparative analysis of the structure and organization of this gene in a variety of evolutionarily close and distant mammalian species; revealed the mosaic evolution of the structure elements of the gene; identified common conserved and species-specific gene sequences; revealed an interspecific lability of the exon-intron structure; determined the structure of the gene for chimpanzee, dog and rat; reconstructed the gene, which was ancestral to Xist in placental mammals and about 100 Myr ago consisted of 10 exons and had most probably emerged de novo with the advent of the sex chromosomes.
EKSTRAGLIKEMIJSKI UČINCI LIRAGLUTIDA, ANALOGA

Zadnjih nekoliko godina razvijeno je više različitih terapijskih opcija i uvedeno u liječenje šećerne bolesti tipa 2 (ŠB2). Terapija bazirana na inkretinima je zanimljiva ne samo zbog njihovog učinka u regulaciji glikemije već i zbog njihovog mehanizma djelovanja (1, 2). Inkretini su probavni hormoni koji stimuliraju sekreciju inzulina kao odgovor na oralni unos hrane. Glavnina inkretinskog učinka temeljena je na glukagonu sličnom peptidu-1 (GLP-1) koji se izlučuje iz tankog crijeva i snizuje razinu glikemije djelujući na beta stanicu gušterače potičući lučenje inzulina te istovremeno djelujući na alfa stanicu gušterače smanjujući lučenje glukagona. GLP1 također smanjuje motilitet želuca i povećava osjećaj sitosti smanjujući unos hrane što rezultira gubitkom tjelesne težine. Ljudski GLP-1 ima jako kratko vrijeme poluživota od 1,5-2 minute zbog brze razgradnje putem enzima dipeptidil peptidaze-IV (DDP-IV).
EFFECTS OF INCORPORATION YOGA INTO A CLASSROOM ON STUDENT ENGAGEMENT DURING LITERACY LESSONS by Damia E. Toyras SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTERS OF ARTS IN EDUCATION AT NORTHERN MICHIGAN

The purpose of this review of literature was to describe yoga and its possible effects on the engagement of students during literacy lessons. The literature reviewed included studies utilizing students in elementary, middle, and high school. The methods used included yoga poses, breathing, relaxation, and positive thoughts. Results and conclusions from the studies indicated that although many of the studies yielded positive results in students, the overall question of whether yoga will increase student engagement is still undetermined. Recommendations for improving the effectiveness of yoga increasing student engagement include performing a study involving a larger group of participants, certified yoga instructors, unbiased data collectors, and a control group for comparison. YOGA WITH LITERACY LESSONS 4 Chapter 1: Introduction Yoga, according to Galantino, Galbavy, and Quinn (2008), can increase our students’ ability to concentrate, focus, and improve memory. Yoga can provide our students a means to handle stress (White, 2009) and can give our students an opportunity to be present in the moment. Yoga can allow our students space to become self-aware and can give them emotional strength, physical strength, and mental strength (Gillen & Gillen, 2007). Incorporating physical activity into the daily lives of our students is essential to their health and wellbeing. School physical education programs have been cut because of curriculum time, funding, or staffing (Metzler, McKenzie, Mars, Barrett-Williams, & Ellis, 2013). Children spend the majority of their school day sitting at desks. Our students need movement to focus their bodies, clear their minds, and prepare to engage in our teachings (Gillen et al., 2007). Schools need to take a leadership role in keeping students physically active. (Turner, Chriqui, & Chaloupka, 2013). One form of physical activity entering schools is yoga. In this paper, I examine research on the possible benefits of incorporating yoga into a school setting as a means to help student engagement.
CHAPTER 3 . 3 DNA G-quadruplex structures : from sensing to logic gates

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is known to play a central role in storing the genetic information of every living organism, and DNA replication and transcription mechanisms have been studied intensively. Recently, many findings have shown DNA to be a very dynamic molecule with the ability to form a number of non-canonical spatial arrangements such as single-stranded hairpins, homoduplexes, triplexes, and quadruplexes to regulate other functions [1, 2]. The formation of such secondary and tertiary structures is involved in DNA recombination, regulation of gene expression, and possibly proliferation of tumor cells. Therefore, there is growing interest in studying the structures of nucleic acids and their application in medical science.
Performance of bovine high density SNPs genotyping array in indigenous Pakistani cattle breeds

The bovine high density SNPs genotyping array has a wide range of applications including detection of selection signatures, identification of copy number variants (CNVs), genome wide association studies, and dendrogram relationships. This array can also be used to improve the accuracy of genomic predictions for low heritable traits viz. reproductive traits. The effectiveness of this array for genomic selection mainly depends on polymorphism level. In this study, we used 136 individuals from ten different Pakistani cattle breeds, include Achi (18), Bhagnari (14), Cholistani (13), Dajal (10), Dhanni (10), Kankraj (12), Lohani (19), Red Sindhi (13), Sahiwal (14), and Tharparkar (13) using high density SNPs genotyping and this array contained approximately 777, 962 SNPs. The results of this study revealed that approximately 500, 939 SNPs were found polymorphic in these breeds. The results indicate that high density SNPs bead chip would offer an informative genotyping platform for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping in indigenous Pakistani cattle breeds.
Stents coronarios y prevención de reestenosis: segunda parte: estrategias

Es importante recordar que la hiperplasia neointimal tiene aproximadamente 89% de matriz extracelular y solo 11% de celulas y que la reestenosis de los stent coronarios es un proceso de cicatrizacion exagerada ante el dano producido por la protesis. (Robert Schwartz TCT 2001). La impactacion del stent a la pared del vaso puede producir reaccion inflamatoria y respuesta inmunologica desencadenada por la presencia de un cuerpo extrano. El grado de respuesta inflamatoria esta relacionada con las caracteristicas locales de la lesion y la extension de la injuria producida, mientras mas profunda la misma mayor respuesta inflamatoria.
Cirrus cloud formation and ice supersaturated regions in a global climate model

At temperatures below 238 K, cirrus clouds can form by homogeneous and heterogeneous ice nucleation mechanisms. ECHAM5 contains a two-moment cloud microphysics scheme and permits cirrus formation by homogeneous freezing of solution droplets and heterogeneous freezing on immersed dust nuclei. On changing the mass accommodation coefficient, α, of water vapor on ice crystals from 0.5 in the standard ECHAM5 simulation to 0.006 as suggested by previous laboratory experiments, the number of ice crystals increases by a factor of 14, as a result of the delayed relaxation of supersaturation. At the same time, the ice water path increases by only 29% in the global annual mean, indicating that the ice crystals are much smaller in the case of low α. As a consequence, the short wave and long wave cloud forcing at the top of the atmosphere increase by 15 and 18 W m−2, respectively. Assuming heterogeneous freezing caused by immersed dust particles instead of homogeneous freezing, the effect is much weaker, decreasing the global annual mean short wave and long wave cloud forcing by 2.7 and 4.7 W m−2. Overall, these results provide little support, if any, for kinetic growth limitation of ice particles (i.e. a very low α).
Variáveis relevantes no processo terapêutico para a aquisição do onset complexo na fala de crianças com desvio fonológico

PURPOSE: to provide relevant variable aspects in the therapeutic process of consonant clusters (CC) acquisition in children but maintains the CCV simplification. METHODS: participated in the study four children diagnosed with phonological disorders, aged 5:4 to 7:7, which used the strategy of compensatory lengthening, have [r] and [l] in the phonetic inventory and performed to simplify the CC. Children were subjected to different speech therapy, and from data obtained in the there were reviews of linguistic and extralinguistic variables relevant for therapy. The data were analyzed by using the VARBRUL program. RESULTS: the program selected the variable severity of the disorder as being relevant for the appropriate production, CC simplification and for the distortion of the CC liquid. It was highlighted the highest possibility of correct production of CCV when the subject is under phonetic therapy. The /d/ phoneme enhances the metathesis strategy. The replacement of the liquid was due to the variable subject and the kind of liquid forming the CC. CONCLUSION: the variable 'severity' is very relevant to the success of the therapy as well as to the use of strategies to repair the problem. It was also observed that children who were under different kinds of therapies had different results to each of the therapies and had better performance using the phonetic therapy.
Design of a microfluidic device with a non-traditional flow profile for on-chip damage to zebrafish sensory cells

Hearing loss affects millions of people worldwide and often results from the death of the sensory hair cells in the inner ear, and exposure to intense noise is one of the leading causes of hair cell damage. Recently, the zebrafish lateral line system has emerged as a powerful in vivo model for real-time studies of hair cell damage and protection. In this research, we designed a microfluidic device for inducing noise damage in hair cells of the zebrafish lateral line. As the first step, a 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was utilized to predict the flow pattern inside the device. An ideal flow pattern for our application should feature higher velocity near the sidewalls to over-stimulate the externally located hair cells, and minimum flow in the middle of the channel to protect the fish from high pressure on the head. Flow induced from ordinary channel geometry with a single inlet/outlet pair would not work because the parabolic velocity profile features the maximum flow speed in the middle of the channel. In order to achieve the desired flow pattern, sidewall inlet/outlet pairs were used to suppress the growth of boundary layers. CFD simulation was used to design parameters such as the dimensions of the microfluidic channel and the angle of the inlets and outlets. It was found that in the case of an empty 2.0 mm wide channel with the inlet/outlet pairs set to 45°, the flow velocity at the side of the channel would be 6.7 times faster than the velocity in the middle, approaching the optimal flow characteristics. In the case of a fish-loaded channel, simulation shows that a 1.0 mm wide channel with a 60° inlet/outlet angle creates the lowest pressure (0.3 Pa) on the fish head while maintaining a reasonably strong shear stress (1.9 Pa) on the lateral line hair cells.
Staged surgical intervention in the treatment of septic ankle arthritis

The​ ​Foot​ ​and​ ​Ankle​ ​Online​ ​Journal​ ​10​ ​(3):​ ​6 Surgical management of chronic septic arthritis of the ankle joint is a challenging problem. Failure to initiate appropriate antibiotic therapy and perform incision and drainage within the first 24 to 48 hours of onset can result in subchondral bone loss and permanent joint dysfunction. Patients with chronic infection are not only at risk for loss of joint function, but also limb loss. This case report presents a staged procedure for limb salvage of patients with chronic septic arthritis of the ankle joint. Our technique includes use of both internal and external fixation, along with infection control and autologous pillar grafts. Though our case study is limited, the results are comparable to previous studies. This approach appears to be reasonable for limb salvage in end-stage degenerative joint disease​ ​following​ ​septic​ ​ankle​ ​arthritis.
Recurrent Normalization Propagation

We propose an LSTM parametrization that preserves the means and variances of the hidden states and memory cells across time. While having training benefits similar to Recurrent Batch Normalization and Layer Normalization, it does not need to estimate statistics at each time step, therefore, requiring fewer computations overall. We also investigate the parametrization impact on the gradient flows and present a way of initializing the weights accordingly. We evaluate our proposal on language modelling and image generative modelling tasks. We empirically show that it performs similarly or better than other recurrent normalization approaches, while being faster to execute.
Involvement of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Breast Cancer Progression

For many reasons, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have lately received much attention. Their plasticity, their tropism for wounds and cancer, their ability to assist in tissue regeneration, their immunomodulary activities, their effects on cancer development and finally their usefulness as drug-delivery vectors made MSCs a prime target for many researchers worldwide. Many aspects of MSC functions have been covered by recent reviews (Beyer Nardi & da Silva Meirelles, 2006; Kidd et al., 2008; Klopp et al., 2011; Krabbe et al., 2005; Patel et al., 2008; Uccelli et al., 2008; Wislet-Gendebien et al., 2005; Yen & Yen, 2008). In this review, we are summarizing the current knowledge on the communication of MSCs with breast cancer cells and its consequences for breast cancer progression.
Deep Face Detector Adaptation Without Negative Transfer or Catastrophic Forgetting

Arguably, no single face detector fits all real-life scenarios. It is often desirable to have some built-in schemes for a face detector to automatically adapt, e.g., to a particular user's photo album (the target domain). We propose a novel face detector adaptation approach that works as long as there are representative images of the target domain no matter they are labeled or not and, more importantly, without the need of accessing the training data of the source domain. Our approach explicitly accounts for the notorious negative transfer caveat in domain adaptation thanks to a residual loss by design. Moreover, it does not incur catastrophic interference with the knowledge learned from the source domain and, therefore, the adapted face detectors maintain about the same performance as the old detectors in the original source domain. As such, our adaption approach to face detectors is analogous to the popular interpolation techniques for language models; it may opens a new direction for progressively training the face detectors domain by domain. We report extensive experimental results to verify our approach on two massively benchmarked face detectors.
Tyre modelling for rolling resistance

Increased efficiency in road vehicle is a demand in today’s society in the view of rising fuel cost and emission regulation. An important source for losses in road vehicles is tyre rolling resistance. For tyres with rolling resistance coefficient of 0.012, the fuel consumption due to tyre rolling resistance losses can amount to 20% - 30% of total consumption depending on the drive cycle, according to the study ‘the tyre: rolling resistance and fuel savings’ by Michelin, 2003. This study investigates mathematical models based on physical understanding and literature reviews of tyre rolling resistance phenomena. The work aims to develop a tyre model that explains the influence of tyre inflation pressure, tyre size, velocity and normal load on the rolling resistance coefficient. The model is based on free rolling condition without taking the longitudinal slip into account. The consideration of the model developed includes vertical tyre stiffness with geometrical belt constraint accounting for tyre vertical deflection and counter-deflection, tyre viscous and coulomb damping effect and rotational aerodynamic drag effect. The vertical stiffness model accounts for tyre geometry indirectly by means of constants in the model. The stiffness model and the simple lumped damping model together takes into account various hysteresis losses. The tyre model developed for rolling resistance gives results which are in very good agreement with the experimental data. For example an 8.3% increase in tyre outer radius from 60 cm to 65 cm, the proposed model predicts a reduction of 4.8% in tyre rolling resistance coefficient compared to 5% suggested by experimental data. Furthermore, a change to low rolling resistance tyre in LeanNova’s energy simulation model corresponds to a reduction in the average energy consumption by 3.8% for a NEDC run in an electric vehicle and a reduction of 1.3% in average fuel consumption for a NEDC run in a conventional vehicle. Through these findings and the proposed tyre model that calculates rolling resistance by taking a limited number of tyre parameters into consideration, a foundation for physical understanding of tyre rolling resistance phenomena is established.