Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multidisziplinäre Optimierung von Flügeln für Verkehrsflugzeuge mit Berücksichtigung der statischen Aeroelastizität

Diese Arbeit beschreibt die Entwicklung und Anwendung einer aus hochgenauen Simulationsverfahren bestehenden Prozeskette zur multidisziplinaren Optimierung von Tragflugeln fur Verkehrsflugzeuge. Dabei stellt die multidisziplinare Optimierung eine Entwurfsmethode dar, bei der mehrere Fachdisziplinen und deren Wechselwirkungen in einer numerischen Optimierung berucksichtigt werden. Das Ziel der multidisziplinaren Optimierung ist es, die optimale Losung einer von mehreren Disziplinen bestimmten Entwurfsaufgabe im Hinblick auf eine gewahlte Zielfunktion aufzufinden. Basierend auf einem parametrischen CAD-Modell werden die aerodynamischen Beiwerte des Tragflugels mit einer numerischen Stromungssimulation durch Losung der zeitlich gemittelten Navier-Stokes-Gleichungen (RANS) ermittelt. Strukturmasse und elastisches Verhalten des betrachteten Tragflugels folgen aus einer strukturmechanischen Dimensionierung des Flugelkastens fur ausgewahlte, die Dimensionierung wesentlich beeinflussende Lastfalle mit einer numerischen Struktursimulation unter Verwendung der Finite-Elemente-Methode (FEM). Dabei werden die Wechselwirkungen zwischen den aerodynamischen Kraften und den Strukturverformungen des elastischen Tragflugels durch eine Stromungs-Struktur-Kopplung in der Prozeskette berucksichtigt. Mit der automatisierten Prozeskette werden Flugleistung und Strukturmasse eines mit dem betrachteten Tragflugel ausgerusteten Verkehrsflugzeugs unter Berucksichtigung der statischen Aeroelastizitat im Reiseflug fur eine Flugmission bestimmt. Ausgehend vom Konzeptentwurf der Basiskonfiguration und einer Familie von transsonischen Tragflugelprofilen erfolgt die Anwendung der Prozeskette zur multidisziplinaren Optimierung von Tragflugeln. Zu Beginn dient die Optimierung des Innenprofils und der Verwindung mit der Gleitzahl als Zielfunktion dem Entwurf der Profilgeometrie im Innenflugelbereich, um der stark widerstandsbehafteten Entpfeilung der Isobaren imMittelschnitt bei transsonischen Stromungsverhaltnissen entgegenzuwirken. Basierend auf den damit gewonnenen Profilgeometrien folgen multidisziplinare Optimierungen des Flugelgrundrisses, welche die Verwindung und spannweitige Profildickenverteilung als Entwurfsparameter einschliesen. Bei diesen multidisziplinaren Grundrisoptimierungen kommen die Reichweite und die Effizienz in Form des auf die Reichweite und Nutzlast bezogenen Kraftstoffverbrauchs als Zielfunktionen zur Anwendung. Das beschriebene Vorgehen der multidisziplinaren Tragflugeloptimierung wird sowohl auf Tragflugel mit Ruckwartspfeilung als auch auf vorwarts gepfeilte Flugel angewendet. Die mit einem deterministischen Optimierungsverfahren gewonnenen Optimierungsergebnisse zeigen das Potential des multidisziplinaren Ansatzes und den Einflus der Zielfunktion auf die Optimierungen ruck- und vorwarts gepfeilter Tragflugel fur Verkehrsflugzeuge auf.
The influence of reclamation on the vertical distribution of soil organic carbon content in Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland

To investigate how reclamation impacts the vertical distribution of SOC (soil organic carbon) content in soil profile of C. angustifolia wetland, 90 soil samples were sampled in 10 cm interval (0–100 cm depth) in C. angustifolia wetland, soybean and paddy field. The soybean and paddy field were reclaimed from C. angustifolia wetland. All these three sites have meadow albic soil. The results showed that wetland reclamation reduced the SOC content at all 10 soil layers within 100 cm depth soil profile. Difference in SOC contents between wetland and farmland was significant at 0–30 cm and 60–100 cm soil layers, but not significant at 30–60 cm soil layers. Compared with soybean field, the SOC content in upper 20 cm soil layers was more homogeneous in paddy field. Though wetland reclamation reduced the SOC content, it hasn't changed the regularity of SOC vertical distribution. The changes of SOC content with soil depth in C. angustifolia wetland, soybean and paddy field all can be described by specific exponential function. Which are useful to estimate and predict the regional SOC pool by models.
Self-Monitoring Dysfunction and the Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Frith has proposed that symptoms of alien control in schizophrenia result from a defect in a metarepresentational process leading to a failure to properly monitor self-willed intentions and actions. To examine this hypothesis, a group of 40 schizophrenic patients, all meeting DSM-III-R criteria, and rated for current symptoms on the basis of a detailed clinical interview, were compared with 36 non-patient controls, using a battery of tests which included measures of self-monitoring, general cognitive function and attention. In comparison with controls, patients were impaired on two tests of self-monitoring. These differences were preserved when measures of current IQ, attention, and recognition memory were entered as covariates. Amongst patients, self-monitoring performance was related to the severity and extent of positive symptoms. These findings provide further experimental support for the proposal that positive symptoms of schizophrenia arise as a result of deficiencies in self-monitoring.
Ku80-deficient Cells Exhibit Excess Degradation of Extrachromosomal DNA*

Mammalian cells possess a protein complex, termed DNA-PK, which binds to DNA double strand breaks in vitro. The complex consists of the heterodimeric Ku autoantigen and a DNA-dependent protein kinase, DNA-PKcs. Cell lines that are deficient for components of this complex are sensitive to ionizing radiation and have impaired V(D)J recombination, a site-specific recombination process. We have tested these cell lines for their ability to repair double strand breaks in transfected DNA. The xrs-6 cell line, which is deficient for the 80-kDa subunit of the Ku autoantigen, exhibited reduced stability of transfected DNA. Prior to obvious reductions in DNA stability, the levels of homologous recombination and DNA end joining were unaffected. However, the recovery of end joining products with precisely joined ends was reduced, with a concomitant increase in products containing deletions. Unlike the Ku80-deficient cells, no reduction in DNA stability was detected in DNA-PKcs-deficient scid cells. Scid cells also exhibited normal levels of homologous recombination and DNA end joining. These experiments implicate the Ku autoantigen, but not DNA-PKcs, in a direct role in protecting DNA ends from degradation.
Comparative study of 3D stacked IC and 3D interposer integration: Processing and assembly challenges

3D stacked IC (SIC) vs. 3D Interposer wafer processing and assembly challenges are discussed in this paper. We report on the key enabling technologies like wafer thinning, thin wafer handling, TSV, micro bumping, package bumping, stacking and packaging. The limited micro bump yield loss in the 3D SIC case is explained by modeling of bonding force distribution. It is also shown that for sequential stacking a NiB cap of the Cu micro bumps is heavily increasing stacking yield.
Máquinas algorítmicas: una metodología para su aprendizaje práctico a través de LittleProc

—The learning and comprehension of algorithmic machines usually present a high degree of difficulty for computer engineering students. In order to make it more accessible, a teaching methodology of eminently practical base has been designed, centered on the development of a simple processor, which we called LittleProc . In the paper the characteristics of LittleProc are presented along with their pedagogical motivations. Also the teaching methodology devised and the form it was applied are exposed in a detailed way. The academic results obtained and the evaluation given by the students confirm the viability and suitability of the followed methodology.
Economic liberalisation and institutional reforms in South Asia: Recent experiences and future prospects

The writers covered, among others, include Geoffrey Chaucer, Philip Sidney, Herbert Spenser, Francis Bacon, Alexander Pope, Jonathan Swift, Samuel Johnson, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, John Keats, Robert Browning, George Eliot, Charles John Huffham Dickens, Thomas Hardy, Rudyard Kipling and Bernard Shaw. The book is written in a simple and lucid style. Abstractions have been avoided and concreteness has been aimed at. It will be found of great interest by the students of English Literature, researchers and the general readers.
Recognition memory ROCs and the dual-process signal-detection model: Comment on Glanzer, Kim, Hilford, and Adams (1999).

An examination of recognition memory receiver-operating characteristics (ROCs) showed that large increases in accuracy often do not affect the observed asymmetry of the ROC. However, M. Glanzer, K. Kim, A. Hilford, and J. Adams (1999) reported several experiments showing that changes in accuracy do sometimes influence the asymmetry of the function. Although the observed dissociations between accuracy and asymmetry are consistent with the predictions of the dual-process signal-detection model (A. P. Yonelinas, 1994), they argued that the shape of the observed ROCs deviated from that predicted by the model and implied that the data were more consistent with an unequal-variance signal-detection model. However, they did not directly test the dual-process model, rather they conducted two indirect assessments and inferred that the original model must be inaccurate. In this article, the author directly fit the dual-process and the unequal-variance signal-detection models to Glanzer et al.'s observed data and showed that both models provided an accurate account of the ROCs, capturing more than 99.9% of the variance of the average ROCs. In agreement with previous studies, these analyses show that standard recognition memory ROCs do not clearly differentiate between these models. This article describes a broader range of ROC data that do differentiate between the two models and that provide evidence in favor of the dual-process model. A postscript responds to M. Glanzer, A. Hilford, K. Kim, and J. Adams (1999).
Assessing the Impact of an Electronic Medical Record on Nurse Documentation Time

Work sampling measured nurse documentation time before and after the implementation of an electronic medical record on a medical-surgical nursing unit. Documentation was separated into subprocesses of admissions, discharges, and routine/daily documentations. Production rate of documentation time is defined and measured. The results indicate that there is no difference in documentation time between pre-electronic medical record and post-electronic medical record for admissions and routine/daily documentation time. Post-electronic medical record documentation time was longer than that in the pre-electronic medical record for patients discharged to a nursing home. It was demonstrated that the electronic medical record may reduce documentation time after the adoption of computerized physician order entry.
Accuracy of T1 measurement in dynamic contrast‐enhanced breast MRI using two‐ and three‐dimensional variable flip angle fast low‐angle shot

In vivo T1 measurements, used to monitor the uptake of contrast agent by tissues, are typically performed as a first step in implementing compartmental analysis of contrast‐enhanced breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. We have extended previously described methodology for in vivo T1 measurement (using a variable flip‐angle gradient‐recalled echo technique) to two‐dimensional (2D), fast low‐angle shot (FLASH). This approach requires computational modeling of slice‐selective radiofrequency (RF) excitation to correct for nonrectangular slice profiles. The accuracy with which breast tissue T1 values can be measured by this approach is examined: T1 measurements from phantom and in vivo image data acquired with 2D and 3D FLASH imaging sequences are presented. Significant sources of error due to imaging pulse sequence quality and RF transmit field nonuniformity in the breast coil device that will have detrimental consequences for compartmental analysis are identified. Rigorous quality assurance programs with calibrated phantoms are thus recommended, to verify the accuracy with which T1 measurements are obtained. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1999;9:163–171. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Volume Integral Equation With Higher Order Hierarchical Basis Functions for Analysis of Dielectric Electromagnetic Scattering

An efficient method of moments (MoM) solution of volume electric field integral equation (V-EFIE) with a kind of higher order basis functions is presented to model scattering from a dielectric object with arbitrary shapes and inhomogenuity. This method is based on both higher order geometrical modeling and higher order current modeling, which is realized using a family of higher order hierarchical vector (HHOV) basis functions to expand the equivalent volume electric currents within curvilinear volume elements. This higher order scheme of MoM results in a significant reduction in meshing density and number of unknowns, leading to a remarkable reduction of memory and CPU time in comparison with conventional low-order MoM, while the accuracy of the solution remains at a comparable level. Numerical results agree with analytical solutions or with simulation results obtained by commercial software, demonstrating the accuracy, convergence, efficiency, flexibility, and adaptability of the new approach.
A mechanism for cross-resistance to nifurtimox and benznidazole in trypanosomes

Nifurtimox and benznidazole are the front-line drugs used to treat Chagas disease, the most important parasitic infection in the Americas. These agents function as prodrugs and must be activated within the parasite to have trypanocidal effects. Despite >40 years of research, the mechanism(s) of action and resistance have remained elusive. Here, we report that in trypanosomes, both drugs are activated by a NADH-dependent, mitochondrially localized, bacterial-like, type I nitroreductase (NTR), and that down-regulation of this explains how resistance may emerge. Loss of a single copy of this gene in Trypanosoma cruzi, either through in vitro drug selection or by targeted gene deletion, is sufficient to cause significant cross-resistance to a wide range of nitroheterocyclic drugs. In Trypanosoma brucei, loss of a single NTR allele confers similar cross-resistance without affecting growth rate or the ability to establish an infection. This potential for drug resistance by a simple mechanism has important implications, because nifurtimox is currently undergoing phase III clinical trials against African trypanosomiasis.
Table 1 Inflammasome activators Inflammasome Stimulus Whole pathogen PAMP DAMP

Correspondence: Michael F McDermott NIHR-Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (NIHR-LMBRU), Level 6, Room 6.19a, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK Tel +44 113 343 8641 email m.mcdermott@leeds.ac. uk Abstract: Gout is an inflammatory arthritis characterized by abrupt self-limiting attacks of inflammation caused by precipitation of monosodium urate crystals (MSU) in the joint. Recent studies suggest that orchestration of the MSU-induced inflammatory response is dependent on the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β, underlined by promising results in early IL-1 inhibitor trials in gout patients. This IL-1-dependent innate inflammatory phenotype, which is observed in a number of diseases in addition to gout, is now understood to rely on the formation of the macromolecular NLRP3 inflammasome complex in response to the MSU ‘danger signal’. This review focuses on our current understanding of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its critical role in MSU-crystal induced inflammatory gout attacks. It also discusses the management of treatment-resistant acute and chronic tophaceous gout with IL-1 inhibitors; early clinical studies of rilonacept (IL-1 Trap), canakinumab (monoclonal anti-IL-1β antibody), and anakinra have all demonstrated treatment efficacy in such patients.
Coreferential processing in elderly with and without Alzheimer's disease.

PURPOSE To compare coreferential processing in elderly people with and without Alzheimer's disease in Brazilian Portuguese. METHODS Twelve elderly people without Alzheimer's (EA) and six elderly people with Alzheimer's disease (EWA) participated in the study. The Mini-Mental State Examination was used for cognitive screening of participants. Two experiments were performed using the self-monitored reading technique to analyze coreference processing. Each contained eight experimental phrases and 24 distracting phrases, one of them using repeated pronouns and names and the other using hyponyms and hypernyms. After reading, questions were asked related to the content of the sentences. The main variable of interest was reading time, measured after the presentation of anaphoric resuming. RESULTS In the first experiment, there were statistically significant results. The EA group processed the pronouns more quickly than repeated names. The volunteers of the EWA group were quicker in resuming repeated names. In the second experiment, the results show that the EA group showed preference for hypernyms in anaphoric resumption, whereas the EWA group did not present significant differences between conditions. CONCLUSION Elderly people without pathology processed pronouns and hypernyms more quickly compared to retrievals with repeated names and hyponyms, respectively, due to the smaller amount of semantic traits necessary to identify the antecedents in those conditions, as well as syntactic and discursive prominence. Elderly people with AD read names more readily than pronouns. There was no difference in anaphoric processing involving hyponyms and hypernyms, which may result from impaired working memory.
Discovering motion patterns in traffic videos using improved Group Sparse Topical Coding

Analyzing motion patterns in traffic videos can directly lead to generate some high-level descriptions of the video content. In this paper, an unsupervised method is proposed to automatically discover motion patterns occurring in traffic video scenes. For this purpose, based on optical flow features extracted from video clips, an improved Group Sparse Topical Coding (GSTC) framework is applied for learning of semantic motion patterns. Then, each video clip can be sparsely represented as a weighted sum of learned patterns which can further be employed in very large range of applications. Compared to the original GSTC, the proposed improved version of GSTC selects only a small number of relevant words for each topic and hence provides a more compact and precise representation of topic-word relationships. Moreover, in order to deal with large-scale video analysis problems, we develop the online algorithm for improved GSTC, which can not only deal with large video corpora but also can deal with dynamic video streams. Experimental results show that our proposed approach finds accurately the motion patterns and gives a meaningful representation for the video.
A Single Phase Voltage Regulator Module (VRM) With Stepping Inductance for Fast Transient Response

A single-phase fast transient converter topology with stepping inductance is proposed. The stepping inductance method is implemented by replacing the conventional inductor in a buck converter by two inductors connecting in series. One has large inductance and the other has small inductance. The inductor with small inductance will take over the output inductor during transient load change and speed up dynamic response. In steady state, the large inductance takes over and keeps a substantially small ripple current and minimizes root mean square loss. It is a low cost method applicable to converters with an output inductor. A hardware prototype of a 1.5-V dc-dc buck converter put under a 100-A transient load change has been experimented upon to demonstrate the merit of this approach. It also serves as a voltage regulator module and powers up a modern PC computer system
Modulation of Remifentanil-Induced Analgesia, Hyperalgesia, and Tolerance by Small-Dose Ketamine in Humans

Adding a small dose of ketamine to opioids may increase the analgesic effect and prevent opioid-induced hyperalgesia and acute tolerance to opioids. In this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study, we investigated the effect of remifentanil combined with small concentrations of ketamine on different experimental pain models. Pain detection thresholds to single and repeated IM electrical stimulation and to repeated transcutaneous electrical stimulation, pressure pain tolerance threshold, and sedative, respiratory, and cardiovascular side effects were assessed in 14 healthy volunteers. Saline, remifentanil alone, and remifentanil combined with ketamine at target plasma concentrations of 50 or 100 ng/mL were administered in four study sessions. The ketamine infusion was started after baseline testing at a constant target concentration. Remifentanil was started after testing with ketamine alone at an initial target concentration of 1 ng/mL and then increased to 2 ng/mL and decreased to 1 ng/mL. The last test series were started 10 min after discontinuation of remifentanil. Acute remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia and tolerance were detected only by the pressure pain test and were not suppressed by ketamine. Remifentanil alone induced significant analgesia with all pain tests. Ketamine further increased the remifentanil effect only on IM electrical pain. Remifentanil at a 2 ng/mL target concentration induced a slight respiratory depression that was antagonized by ketamine. We conclude that ketamine effects on opioid analgesia are pain-modality specific.
URBAN NETWORK THROUGHPUT OPTIMIZATION VIA MODEL PREDICTIVE CON-TROL USING THE LINK TRANSMISSION MODEL

Developing practicable and efﬁcient real-time signal control strategies for urban road networks is a major challenge with signiﬁcant scientiﬁc and practical relevance. For the sake of practical feasibility, many urban trafﬁc control strategies are based on simpliﬁed models. In this way, a trade-off can be made between controller accuracy, and (computational) complexity of the controller. However, designing a controller which operates efﬁciently with low computational time under different trafﬁc conditions (i.e. under-saturated, saturated and over-saturated) remains a challenge. Several linear and quadratic model predictive control approaches are described in the literature to tackle this problem without considering the shock-wave dynamics of spill-back under over-saturated conditions. The principal contribution of this paper is the formulation of a linear model predictive controller that takes the shock-wave dynamics into account. This is realized by modeling the trafﬁc dynamics in a link using the link transmission model. The performance of the proposed controller is compared with two other existing strategies. The total time spent by all the vehicles in the network and the computation time have been applied as performance indexes for the appraisal of the control strategies. Simulation results show that the control strategy proposed in this paper achieves better throughput under over-saturated conditions within comparable, low computation time.