Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rat ’ s Time Estimation under Conditional Discrimination Procedure

In a feature positive conditional discrimination procedure, a stimulus A is not followed by reinforcement when presented alone, but it is always followed by reinforcement when it is preceded by stimulus X. In the negative conditional discrimination procedure, a stimulus B is always followed by reinforcement when presented alone, but it is not followed by reinforcement when preceded by stimulus Y. This research examined if amodal information dealing with basic attributes, as duration, has the capability to acquire conditional properties in animals. Rats were submitted to positive or negative conditional discrimination procedures with stimulus X and Y, which were of the same physical modality, a light, but with different durations: X= 15 seg e Y= 5 seg (and A=5 seg, B=15 seg). The results showed that the animals discriminated excitatory and inhibitory properties related, respectively, to two different durations of the same stimulus, supporting the hypothesis that the duration, as an amodal stimulus component, can be associated to conditional properties, in rats.
Application of Probiotic with Different levels of Citric Acid Supplementation in the Diet for Promotes the Production Efficiency of Broiler Chickens 1

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of addition probiotic andcitric acid separately and in a combination on performance parameters, intestinal microflora and morphology and immune systemof Ross 308 broiler chicks. The treatment were as the following :T1 (control diet) without supplement ,T2 supplementing with probiotic (0.05%), T3 and T4 supplementing with citric acid (0.15 and 0.3 %respectively), T5 supplementing with probiotic and citric acid (0.05 and 0.15 % respectively ) and T6 supplementing with probiotic and citric acid (0.05and 0.3% respectively)performance parameters was massured weekly. At 21 and 42 d of age four chicks from each treatment were butcheredfor evaluation intestinal microfloraand morphologyand humeral immunity against newcastle and infectious bronchitis diseases. The results recorded asignificant increase in final live body weight and cumulative feed consumption for the treatment T5. The results showed significant increase in feed conversion ratio for treatments T5 and T6.In 21d,the results showed there were no significant differences in total bacteria count while there was significant increase in lactobacillus forT6 and significant decrease in E.coli for T5 and T6 . In 42 d, the results showed there was significant decrease in total bacteria count for T5 while there was significant increase in lactobacillus for T4 ,T5 andT6 and significant decrease in E.coli for T2 and T6 . Acording to intestinal morphology , the results showed there was significant increase in villi height for T3 and T5 in 21 d broilars while there were no significant differences in crypt depth in this age. In 42 d there was significant increase in villi height for T5 and T6 and there was significant increase in crypt depth for T5. In immunological evalulation ,the results showed there was significant increase inimmunity against Newcastle (ND) and infectious bronchitis (IB) for T5 in both age, while there was significant increase in immunity against ND for T2 in 21 d of age.
Evaluation of the ability of Micrococcus sp . isolated from Barada river to biodegradation of vegetable oil wastes

Fifty six strains of Micrococcus sp. were isolated from the water samples from Barada River in Damascus. Ten isolates of Micrococcus sp. species were taken for the present study for investigate biodegradation ability of vegetable oil wastes under the influence of this genus. The vegetable oil wastes dependent growths of these isolates were assessed for 15 days by monitoring the gradient fluxes in pH, optical density OD and total viable count TVC in the medium. Results showed an increase in OD and TVC as well as fluctuations in pH values. The relationship between these values was studied and determined if the relationships were statistically significant, and values were compared with the results in the positive control to the same strain. Biodegradation activity of different Micrococcus sp. species was tested in vegetable oil wastes which showed a good activity with 1% concentration of vegetable oil wastes, but decreased in 2% and 3% concentration. The genus Micrococcus sp. showed a good ability to grow in different concentrations of vegetable oil wastes, that refers to the ability of the genus to use vegetable oil wastes as the only carbon source.
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY TO CLIMATECHANGE IN THE AGRICULTURE OFNORTHEASTERN CHINA

Socio-economic indicators are selected to examine the adaptive capacity of Northeastern China to the impacts of climate change on agriculture. The approach is focused directly on the underlying determinants of adaptive capacity. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method is used to prioritize indicators to assess the potential contributions of various aspects to the systems coping capacities. Indicators are compared and analyzed. Webmapping technology is introduced to visualize and disseminate the results.
In Modulation Mode : Factories of Knowledge

“Welcome to the Machine! ” This was the way the university welcomed students in a satiric drawing by the German artist and writer Gerhard Seyfried in the 1970s. [1] Taking a closer look at the drawing, however, the “machine” turns out to be more of a factory, because it arranges the automated mass production of the specific commodity of knowledge in the universities. Seyfried’s knowledge factory also has elements of a ghost train (with all kinds of horrifying surprises for those riding it), a flipper device (the students as flipper balls being launched and propelled), a three-tier Nuremberg funnel (although knowledge here is funneled in – as it should be in a factory – in masses and anonymized). These kinds of illustrative transfers of central components of the factory as fordist core institution to other institutions have always been widespread. Yet what does it mean, when even at the transition to post-fordist modes of production the metaphor of the factory still continues to be applied to the university?
Aberrant expression of Sec 61 α in esophageal cancers

Introduction The heterotrimeric Sec61α translocon complex is topological located in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and allows protein transport and calcium across the membrane. Recently, aberrant expression of Sec proteins was linked to carcinogenesis and prognosis of patients. Materials and methods Here, we analysed the role of Sec61α in esophageal cancer, and we analysed Sec61α staining on a tissue microarray containing more than 600 esophageal cancer specimens by immunohistochemistry. Results Sec61α staining was always strong in benign esophagus, but was only found in 5% of interpretable esophageal adenocarcinomas (EACs) and 14.5% of squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs). Reduced Sec61α staining was not strongly linked to tumor phenotype in both subgroups of esophageal cancers and was unrelated to clinical outcome of patients (EACs: p = 0.8051 and ESCCs: p = 0.2751). Conclusions Thus, Sec61α measurement has not an additional prognostic benefit for the patients.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation : The Berlin Experience

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been recently introduced as a means to treat patients with severe aortic valve stenosis at high risk or rejected for conventional surgery. In the present manuscript we summarize the Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin (DHZB) experience with transapical TAVI starting from the initial steps for adequate TAVI team building and training and focusing on the technical issues and results in the fi rst 500 operated patients. We will also comment upon the future of TAVI in the light of the results from large recent multi-center trials.
1 Non-Diffracting Waves : An Introduction 1 )

In this chapter, which essentially deals with exact solutions to the wave equations, we begin by introducing the topic of non-diffracting waves (NDW), including some brief historical remarks, and by a simple definition of NDWs; afterward we present some recollections – besides of ordinary waves (Gaussian beams, Gaussian pulses) – of the simplest NDWs (Bessel beams, X-shaped pulses, etc.). More details can be found in the first two (introductory) chapters of the volume on Localized Waves published [1] in 2008. In section 1.2 we go on to show how to eliminate any backward-traveling components (also known as non-causal components), first in the case of ideal NDW pulses, and then, in section 1.3, for realistic, finite-energy NDW pulses. In particular, in section 1.3. 1 we forward a general functional expression for any totally-forward non-diffracting pulses. Then, in section 1.4 an efficient method is set forth for the analytic description of truncated beams, a byproduct of its being the elimination of any need of lengthy numerical calculations. In section 1.5 we explore the not-less-interesting question of the subluminal NDWs, or bullets, in terms of two different methods, the second one being introduced as it allows the analytic description of NDWs with v = 0 that is of NDWs with a static envelope (‘‘frozen waves’’ (FW)) in terms of continuous Bessel beam superpositions. The production of such FWs (which, indeed, have been generated experimentally in recent time for optics) is developed theoretically in section 1.6 also for the case of absorbing media. Section 1.7 discusses the role of special relativity and of Lorentz transformations (LTs), which is relevant for the physical comprehension of the whole issue of NDWs. In section 1.8 we present further analytic solutions to the wave equations, with use of higher-order
Enzyme Inhibition and Induction-PK / PD Impact

Disposition and action of many drugs depend on then(extra-) hepatic metabolism which is accomplished by several cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and/or conjugating activities. The CYP3a subfamily is the most abundant in the liver and in the small intestine.At these metabolic sites high clearance drugs sustain presystemic elimination. Ingredients of grapefruit juice have no influence on the systemic clearance of various drugs whereas intestinal drug metabolism may be decreased and consequently oral bioavailability increases. Midazolam represents a probe of CYP3A4. Its oral availability is higher during treatment with fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, diltiazem, verapamil, erythromycin or grapefruit juice ingestión. On the other side midazolam metabolism is induced by rifampicin. Thus, switching from inhibition to induction causes an about 400 fold change in the AUC of oral midazolam which has a significant impact on the sedative action of this benzodiazepine. Using verapamil as a model drug it was shown that rifampicin will induce, not only hepatic but also intestinal drug metabolism. During oral coadministration of both drugs, steady state concentrations of verapamil decreased more than 30 fold and the response was nearly abolished. These examples show that inhibition or induction of drug metabolizing enzymes will have an impact on PK and both contribute to variability in drug response.
Sublethal Effects of Methylmercury on Flight Performance and Molt in European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)

The effects o f methylmercury (MeHg) on the health o f songbirds have not been adequately studied despite ample evidence that mercury bioaccumulates in terrestrial ecosystems. I performed the first analysis o f flight performance and molt in captive MeHg-dosed European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). I dosed 60 European Starlings with methylmercury-cysteine (M eHgCys) through continuous dietary intake at 0.0 ppm, 0.75 ppm, or 1.5 ppm over the course o f twelve months. To test flight performance, I measured: (1) Take-off angle and speed combined into a metric o f energy gained during flight in response to a predator stimulus; and (2) velocity and angle while maneuvering around an obstacle in the flight path. I quantified molt using the Ginn and Melville method (1983). My results demonstrate that 40 weeks after treatment began, birds in the 0.75 ppm MeHgCys group exhibited a mean 17.2% decrease in energy during escape take-off relative to birds in the control group and birds treated with 1.5 ppm MeHgCys exhibited a 30.1% mean decrease relative to controls (Fiao^ 3.80, P= 0.031). Birds with higher blood mercury also molted more quickly than controls (y= 0.025x + 0.29, F ] 40= 5.097, r = 0.631, P= 0.030). Mercury had no consistent effect on velocity or angle o f turn while birds navigated through the maneuverability course ( /y 4l = 0.446, P = 0.644 ; F ,4I = 1.33, P = 0.211, respectively). Overall, my results demonstrate that sub-lethal levels of mercury can cause abnormal molt patterns and reduced energy exertion during escape take-off flight. Inadequate flight performance may decrease fitness by reducing the ability to escape predators or by causing deficiencies in any number o f vital behaviors in a b ird’s life that require efficient locomotion. This research is aimed at beginning to fill in the knowledge gap concerning risk thresholds for terrestrial songbirds, and indicates that 0.75 ppm and 1.5 ppm dietary mercury may negatively affect flight performance and molt in exposed songbirds. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements iii Dedications iv List of Tables v List of Figures v
Genetic Diversity of Giant African Land Snails (GALS)

A total of Nine (9) protein sequences of GALS were retrieved from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank. The GenBank accession numbers for Achatina achatina proteins sequence are AKQ76249, CDL67813 and AKQ76251, Achatina fulica are YP009049162, YP009049157 and YP009049167 and Archachatina marginata are AKQ76228, AKQ76224 and AGV55728. The sequence length variation in Achatina fulica ranged from 347 – 516bp, Achatina achatina ranged from 184 – 214bp, while Archachatina marginata ranged from135 – 214bp. The genetic distances between the GALS were computed using the Poisson correction method. The results of the genetic distance between Achatina fulica and Achatina achatina was 0.919, Achatina fulica and Archachatina marginata was 0.933 while that of Achatina achatina and Archachatina marginata was 0.926. This implied that they are genetically far apart. The nucleotide diversity and Tajima test for selection results were estimated using MEGA7. The nucleotide diversity ranged from 0.926 – 0.929, implying that giant African Land snails (GALS) can adapt to varying environmental conditions. The Tajima’s (D) test for selection revealed high positive value ranging from 9.933 – 10.538. This could signify that multiple alleles are actively maintained in the gene pool of a population at frequencies larger than expected from genetic drift alone. Information from this study may therefore be exploited for conservation and studies of biodiversity.
Client Side Deduplication Scheme on Encrypted Data in Cloud Environments

Cloud Storage services commonly utilize duplication, that will be beneficial in storing a block or file from reducing duplicate copies of data. De-duplication is beneficial in saving network bandwidth and storage space that's an edge to those clients or users from cloud. A new client-side de-duplication technique is useful for storage at a secure way and sharing data with different users at a public cloud is to be implemented in order to solve issues in security and privacy.
Pleistocene age model based on a modified nannofossil bioevent and additional measurements of benthic foraminiferal oxygen and stable carbon isotope ratios from Hole U 1352 B , offshore Canterbury Basin , New Zealand

Reexamination of a nannofossil datum, the highest occurrence of Pseudoemiliania lacunosa (Zone NN20/NN19; 0.44 Ma), has led to a revised datum depth in Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 317 Hole U1352B. Furthermore, comparison between isotopic ratios of benthic foraminifers Nanionella flemingi and Uvigerina perigrina indicate that oxygen and carbon isotopic ratios for both species, when they occur in the same horizon, are almost identical. Therefore, we can correlate the oxygen isotopic variations of N. flemingi with the LR04 stack. We have conducted additional measurements of oxygen and stable carbon isotope ratios of N. flemingi, which in conjunction with our revised nannofossil datum allows a new correlation with the LR04 stack and results in revision of our original age model.
Quantification of losses caused by delinquency in Ecuador

This paper quantifies the economic cost of several crimes in Ecuador. In particular, we looked at thefts form vehicle, car accessories and homes, robbery of individual, fraud and intimidation (threat and injuries). To do so, we developed a model to estimate expected and unexpected losses, using Loss Distribution Approach (LDA) methodology. We use data from the Survey of Victimization and Perceptions of Insecurity 2011, carried out by the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (INEC, Spanish acronym) and Administrative Records from the National Police General Direction of Operations.
THREE DIMENSIONAL SCENE RECONSTRUCTION USING EPIPOLAR GEOMETRY

The analysis and recovery of the epipolar geometry is an important step to perform 3D scene reconstruction. In this work, the epipolar geometry of a scene was automatically recovered using two uncalibrated images. This is usually realized in three steps: automatically determination of feature points, feature points mapping determination and estimation of the epipolar geometry. The ICP (iterative closest point) algorithm is used to compute an initial correspondence among the feature points by comparing their associated information. In this initial mapping a proportion of these correspondences are mismatches, therefore it is necessary to refine the correspondence between the points. One approach, to eliminate mismatched points from our data, is the use of the RANSAC (RANdom SAmple Consensus) algorithm. Since the RANSAC method is nondeterministic and treats all samples equally regardless of their quality, several approaches were published to overcome the RANSAC inability in modeling the matching process. A novel robust mapping determination algorithm is proposed here to speed up the matching process while the accuracy is maintained. The main idea is that the order in which three visible feature points in the 3D are seen must be the same independently of the camera position. The Delaunay triangulation creates coherently oriented triangles from the obtained inliers. Inliers that defined non coherently triangles are removed. The convex hull of the Delaunay triangulation is used to determined a new set of 8 points and a new set of inliers is determined. This technique guides the process of choosing the set of points used to determine the epipolar geometry and to reject the inconsistent matches. The results of the proposed algorithm show that the use of the Delaunay triangulation improves the accuracy of the epipolar geometry determination when the number of outliers
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF ENHANCED ADAPTIVE POSITION UPDATE IN MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS

: In MANET, the packet forwarding necessitates the location information of the neighbor nodes and the location update information is obtained by transmitting the beacon signals periodically. However in geographic routing, the periodic beacon scheme has two problems: (1) It wastes the packet delivery ratio if a node does not exhibit significant dynamism, (2) Energy saving is the most important issue due to power constraints on mobile nodes. We propose a replica allocation pattern over the adaptive beacon update to address these problems. The former case is conquered by making the occurrence of beacon updates in accordance with the mobility of the nodes and the latter case is handled by the replicated data. In this paper, we examine the impact of Enhanced Adaptive Position Update (EAPU) in a mobile ad hoc network from the perspective of energy conservation. In particular, we develop adaptive beacon update that considers the mobile nodes mobility and novel replica data to properly cope with incapacity of mobile nodes. The conducted simulations of Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing Protocol (GPSR) protocol demonstrate the proposed approach outperforms traditional cooperative beacon update in terms of energy and average end to end delay.
Species Profile Mutton Snapper

Most of the Bahamian species of Lutjanus have rounded anal-fin lobes; only mutton snapper and the deeper water silk snapper (L. vivanus) have pointed anal-fin lobes. The mutton snapper has a chevron-shaped vomerine tooth patch on the upper palate without a posterior extension, whereas the silk snapper has a posterior extension of the patch. The mutton snapper is a medium-sized fish, usually about 50 cm (19.7 inches) long. It can grow as long as 82.4 cm (32 inches) and weigh more than 11.4 kg (25 pounds). Color and pigmentation
Evaluation of some plant materials for the control of smoked fish pest, Dermestes maculatus Degeer (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) in Clarias gariepinus Burchell (Pisces: Clariidae).

The efficacies of the powders of four plant materials, namely: Dennettia tripetala Baker, Eugenia aromatica Hook, Monodora myristica (Dunal) and Piper guineense (Schum and Thonn) at 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0g/100g smoked Clarias gariepinus Burchell were evaluated for the control of dermestid beetle, Dermestes maculatus. Each of the four plant powders caused significantly high (P<0.05) mortality in both the adults and larvae of the fish beetle at all concentrations when compared to the control and was effective in inhibiting progeny development in treated fish. The four plant materials could play a major role in protecting one of the highly valuable commodities in the tropics and thereby prevent smoked fish losses, improve income generation and enhance socio-economic status of fish mongers.
Thai News Clustering Based on Machine Learning Approach

There are many online news available on the web; however, not every news articles is telling a true story, some news websites are not trusted. Identification of trusted online news is a challenged task. Currently, there is no tool for checking the reliability of online news. In this research, we propose a methodology for online news trusted identification based on a text clustering technique. To find trusted news, collections of news articles from websites is needed as data mining sources. The collected news articles are then grouped according to the similarity of the words in the articles with the same meaning. The performance of the developed methodology is measured using sum squared error (SSE). The best performance is based on Hierarchical clustering algorithm with SSE lowest to 0.00. Keywords—machine learning, text mining, clustering, online news
A livery coating with anti-ice properties for aeronautical components

The aim of this work was to design and characterize multifunctional aeronautical coatings with aesthetical and icephobic properties, as well as high mechanical properties. Chemical and physical properties of the new surface coating were determined in order to study the behavior of the surface with supercooled water droplets. This was possible through innovative equipment which replicates the flight conditions of pressure and temperature. In particular two performance indexes are taken into account: wettability and surface free energy. Further tests such as mechanical and corrosive were performed in order to evaluate the performances and durability of the new icephobic coating. It was demonstrated that the new coating has the same or higher performance indexes than the commercial one.