Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Authors Response to Review

I read through the replies to reviewers’ comments, and the revised manuscript and found the authors made efforts to improve their manuscript. However, I am afraid I have the impression my major concerns/comments have not been adequately addressed. More specifically, the main aim of using additional data, not only streamflow, to calibrate a hydrological model (regardless whether it is a physically based or conceptual one) is to make the model more capable of reproducing reality, i.e. to simulate runoff well for the right reasons, to simulate not only runoff but other fluxes and model states more efficiently/realistically, to improve process consistency, etc. Now if the authors argue that their model “The GR6J model which is used in the study is a macro-scale conceptual model, describes macro-scale hydrological processes but does not intend to reproduce the meso-scale or laboratory-scale physical processes. Thus, it does not enable us to know what happens in reality in the catchments of the test dataset, in particular regarding the local river-aquifer interactions. ” – then I am confused why piezometer data measured at one single or a few points within a catchment are used in the study to calibrate their model? I find this contradictory. The study seems to lack any hydrological reasoning based conclusions (e.g. physically based reasoning, understanding what happens in each catchment, why the streamflow and groundwater level simulations are satisfactory or not on certain catchments, etc.). The main point of using additional data is to avoid calibrating hydrological models machinelike, without knowing what is happening in the models (and in the catchments).
Real-time Identification of Rogue WiFi Connections Using Environment-Independent Physical Features

WiFi has become a pervasive communication medium in connecting various devices of WLAN and IoT. However, WiFi connections are vulnerable to the impersonation attack from rogue access points (AP) or devices, whose SSID and/or MAC/IP address are identical to the legitimate devices. This kind of attack is difficult to countermeasure with traditional network security mechanisms. In this paper, we present a novel security mechanism to detect and identify rogue WiFi devices or AP using environment-independent characteristics extracted from channel state information (CSI), and refuse their connections. We find that nonlinear phase errors of different subcarriers change with WiFi network interface cards (NIC), due to the I/Q imbalance and imperfect oscillator of each WiFi NIC. Validated by our experiments, this phase feature across subcarriers is consistent and invariant to location and external environment, and can be extracted to build an essential signature of the NIC itself. Such signature of the transmitter can be calculated in real-time by the receiver and cannot be forged by rogue devices. Extensive experiments with dozens of WiFi devices demonstrate that the proposed mechanism can reliably detect the rogue WiFi connections and prevent impersonation in various scenarios. The speed of identification is 8$\times$ faster than that of the state-of-the-art solution. Moreover, the accuracy of rogue connection detection is up to 96% and false alarm rate is shown below 2%.
Selection for Earliness in Two Wheat Populations under Toshka Conditions

Drought is a significant constraint for defecting yield and output potential as growth and productivity of plants are adversely affected by water stress which leads to heavy yield losses. A good drought tolerant wheat line should have the ability to withstand in water deficit conditions or have the ability to escape from it. The present work aimed to study the effect of two cycles of pedigree selection for earliness in two segregating populations of wheat under water stress, during 2015/16 and 2016/17 season at Toshka Station, Desert Research Center, Aswan, Egypt. The water treatments were 100 and 67% of the irrigation requirements of wheat in Toshka as normal and drought condition, respectively. The selected family No. 12 was the earlier family and recorded 55.33 and 48.33 days under normal and drought stress, respectively. Moreover, family No. 10 was the best family that showed high grain yield under both water irrigations in Pop.1. Drought stress led to reduce grain yield/plant (GYPP) by 35.3% in best family. These families could be considered as tolerant to drought stress and could be used in breeding program for drought tolerance and earliness. In Pop.2, family No. 6 was the best selected one in (GYPP, BYPP, GYPS, NGPS and 100-GW) under normal conditions, while the family No. 7 was the best one for days to heading under normal and drought stress conditions. The performance of the selected families under normal and/or drought stress conditions may determine the goals and attitudes of the selection program.
Enteric parasitic infections among HIV-positive patients that are receiving care at the Single Specialized Assistance Health Service in Pelotas-RS , Brazil .

Enteric parasitic infections are important issues on public health, mainly when they are associated with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The objective of this study was to understand the prevalence and the risk factors associated with enteric parasites among HIV-positive patients who were attending at the single specialized assistance health service in HIV/AIDS in Pelotas, a city in southern Brazil. Out of 273 patients who were interviewed in this study, 19.8% had enteric parasites, and the most frequent pathogens were Trichuris trichiura, Giardia lamblia and Ascaris lumbricoides. The prevalence of opportunistic enteric parasites (Cryptosporidium spp., Cystoisospora belli and Strongyloides stercoralis) was low; and it was 1.9% and 2.4%, respectively, among who were and were not undergoing antiretroviral therapy (HAART). This difference was not statistically significant. People in socially vulnerable conditions, who had domestic animals and were not undergoing HAART, would have more chance to suffer from enteric parasitic infection when contrasted with the compared groups. The study has shown that it is necessary to adopt and carry out preventive and diagnosis actions among HIV-positive patients.
Establishment of a rapid screening method for drought tolerance of small cardamom by using polyethylene glycol-6000

Small cardamom is a premier spices crop of India. Drought is the chief abiotic stress causing up to 50-80% crop loss in small cardamom. Lack of accurate screening techniques is a limiting factor to develop small cardamom cultivars tolerant to drought, which is the most important constraint in small cardamom productivity. In order to optimize the osmotic stress induced by different concentrations of PEG-6000 for moisture stress tolerance screening in small cardamom, a laboratory experiment was conducted in a factorial randomized complete design with four replications. Four different concentrations of PEG-6000 (5, 10, 15 and 20 per cent) along with a control were used in small cardamom cv. Appangala-1. PEG-6000 concentration above 15% has reduced per cent seedling survival almost by 50%. However, at 15% PEG-6000, a signiﬁcant increase in proline, phenolic content and scavenging enzyme activity and decreased chlorophyll fluorescence were recorded. Hence, 15% PEG-6000 appears to be an ideal concentration for screening of small cardamom genotypes for moisture stress tolerance.
Driving Analytics : Will it be OBDs or Smartphones ?

This paper shows that smartphones are capable of estimating a car’s speed in an overwhelming majority of situations. Comparing against OBD data as ground truth, we find that continuous GPS based estimates offer greater than 98% correlation across various road, traffic, and weather conditions. Of course, GPS is energy hungry and may only be relevant for taxi or Uber-like applications where the user can plug in their phones in the car charger. For regular drivers who are not likely to plug in their phones, we find that sensor based techniques, combined with map and/or crowd-sourced data, can achieve greater than 94% correlation. Given that smartphones can offer reliable speed estimates as well as other contextual information (e.g., SMS/email distraction, user’s location, or even the hours of sleep the previous night), we believe that the smartphone platform is a superset of OBD. Further sophistication in sensor fusion and machine learning should enable detection of risky driving behavior, such as hard braking, aggressive acceleration, road accidents. Finally, given the rapid hardware and software innovation on the smartphone ecosystem, there is little doubt that it will hold centerstage in the emerging market of driving analytics.
The Rise of Accelerated Seasoned Equity Underwritings

Seasoned equity offerings (SEOs) executed through accelerated underwritings have increased global market share recently, raising over $850 billion since 1998, and now account for over half (two-thirds) of the value of U.S. (European) SEOs. We examine 31,242 global SEOs, executed during 1991-2004, which raise over $2.9 trillion for firms and selling shareholders. Compared to fully marketed deals, accelerated offerings occur more rapidly, raise more money, and require fewer underwriters. Importantly, accelerated deals reduce total issuance cost by about 250 basis points. Accelerated deals sell equal fractions of primary and secondary shares, whereas in traditional SEOs primary shares dominate. Announcement period returns are comparable for traditional and accelerated offerings, while secondary and mixed offerings trigger more negative market responses than do primary offerings. We conclude that this rapid, worldwide shift towards accelerated underwriting creates a spot market for SEOs, and represents the long-predicted shift towards an auction model for seasoned equity sales.
The structure of the Milky Way's bar outside the bulge

While it is incontrovertible that the inner Galaxy contains a bar, its structure near the Galactic plane has remained uncertain, where extinction from intervening dust is greatest. We investigate here the Galactic bar outside the bulge, the long bar, using red clump giant (RCG) stars from UKIDSS, 2MASS, VVV, and GLIMPSE. We match and combine these surveys to investigate a wide area in latitude and longitude, |b|<9deg and |l|<40deg. We find: (1) The bar extends to l~25deg at |b|~5deg from the Galactic plane, and to l~30deg at lower latitudes. (2) The long bar has an angle to the line-of-sight in the range (28-33)deg, consistent with studies of the bulge at |l|<10deg. (3) The scale-height of RCG stars smoothly transitions from the bulge to the thinner long bar. (4) There is evidence for two scale heights in the long bar. We find a ~180pc thin bar component reminiscent of the old thin disk near the sun, and a ~45pc super-thin bar component which exists predominantly towards the bar end. (5) Constructing parametric models for the RC magnitude distributions, we find a bar half length of 5.0+-0.2kpc for the 2-component bar, and 4.6+-0.3kpc for the thin bar component alone. We conclude that the Milky Way contains a central box/peanut bulge which is the vertical extension of a longer, flatter bar, similar as seen in both external galaxies and N-body models.
A Comparative Study of Pulmonary Function Tests in Air-Conditioner Users and Non Users

In recent times a great increase in the use of Air conditioners (AC) by common man has been observed. AC causes air to become cold and dry. This can adversely affect the health of the AC users, particularly respiratory system. The present study was selected to study the adverse effects of use of AC on respiratory health as measured by pulmonary function tests. The study was aimed to assess the effect of using AC on pulmonary function tests. To compare the parameters of pulmonary function tests of AC users with those not using AC and follow up of the same after 1 year.100 healthy, nonsmoker adults of age 25 – 50 yrs exposed to AC for minimum 6 hours a day since minimum 1 year were selected as study group. Controls were age and sex matched healthy, non-smoker 100 adults, not exposed to AC. Exclusion criteria were smoking, those with respiratory disorders, sportsmen & those doing pranayam or breathing exercises. Spirometry parameters recorded were, FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEF25-75%, FEF25-75%/FVC and PEFR. Statistical analysis was done by applying students unpaired t test, Mann Whitney test and Wilcoxon’s signed rank sum test. The PFT parameters, FEV1, FEF25-75% and FEF25-75%/FVC in AC users were significantly less than non AC users and follow up after 1 year showed FEF25-75%, FEF25-75%/FVC and PEFR significantly less in AC users than non AC users. The cool and dehumidified air of AC can cause increased airway resistance and may bring changes in pulmonary function tests of AC users. AC users should be advised for regular spirometry to prevent any further complications.
Search interface feature evaluation in biosciences

This paper reports findings on desirable interface features for different search tasks in the biomedical domain. We conducted a user study where we asked bioscientists to evaluate the usefulness of autocomplete, query expansions, facetted refinement, related searches and results preview implementations in new pilot interfaces and publicly available systems while using baseline and their own queries. Our evaluation reveals that there is a preference for certain features depending on the search task. In addition, we touch on the current pain point of facetted search: the acquisition of faceted subject metadata for unstructured documents. We found a strong preference for prototypes displaying just a few facets generated based on either the query or the matching documents.
Solar-motion correction in early extragalactic astrophysics

Redshift observations of galaxies outside the Local Group are fairly common in extragalactic astrophysics. If redshifts are interpreted as arising from radial velocities, these must be corrected by the contamination of the solar motion. We discuss the details of such correction in the way it was performed by the American astronomer Edwin Hubble in his 1929 seminal paper. The investigations of spiral nebulae undertaken by the Swedish astronomer Knut Lundmark, in 1924, are also considered in this context.
When Panic Makes You Blind: A Chaotic Route to Systemic Risk

We present an analytical model to study the role of expectation feedbacks and overlapping portfolios on systemic stability of financial systems. Building on [Corsi et al., 2016], we model a set of financial institutions having Value at Risk capital requirements and investing in a portfolio of risky assets, whose prices evolve stochastically in time and are endogenously driven by the trading decisions of financial institutions. Assuming that they use adaptive expectations of risk, we show that the evolution of the system is described by a slow-fast random dynamical system, which can be studied analytically in some regimes. The model shows how the risk expectations play a central role in determining the systemic stability of the financial system and how wrong risk expectations may create panic-induced reduction or over-optimistic expansion of balance sheets. Specifically, when investors are myopic in estimating the risk, the fixed point equilibrium of the system breaks into leverage cycles and financial variables display a bifurcation cascade eventually leading to chaos. We discuss the role of financial policy and the effects of some market frictions, as the cost of diversification and financial transaction taxes, in determining the stability of the system in the presence of adaptive expectations of risk.
Coastal Community Values for Marsh-Dependent Socioecological Services Revealed through a Systematic Qualitative Approach

A qualitative ranking method, Q methodology, was used to assess stakeholder priorities for socioecological services derived from coastal marshes and communities. The goal was to reveal strength of concerns for and tradeoffs among effects of coastal resilience strategies. Factor analysis identified three perspectives that formed a spectrum from high to low priorities on intangible services. Academic and government stakeholders were more likely than local residents to prioritize intangible services, but stakeholder views were diverse. A collaborative learning process promoted some alignment of views and academics showed the most movement – towards residents’ perspectives. Q-sort appeared effective at efficiently synthesizing broad concerns.
Perception of isolated chords: Examining frequency of occurrence, instrumental timbre, acoustic descriptors and musical training

This study investigated the perception of isolated chords using a combination of experimental manipulation and exploratory analysis. Twelve types of chord (five triads and seven tetrads) were presented in two instrumental timbres (piano and organ) to listeners who rated the chords for consonance, pleasantness, stability and relaxation. Listener ratings varied by chord, by timbre, and according to musical expertise, and revealed that musicians distinguished consonance from the other variables in a way that other listeners did not. To further explain the data, a principal component analysis and linear regression examined three potential predictors of the listener ratings. First, each chord’s frequency of occurrence was obtained by counting its appearances in selected works of music. Second, listeners rated their familiarity with the instrumental timbre in which the chord was played. Third, chords were described using a set of acoustic features derived using the Timbre Toolbox and MIR Toolbox. Results of the study indicated that listeners’ ratings of both consonance and stability were influenced by the degree of musical training and knowledge of tonal hierarchy. Listeners’ ratings of pleasantness and relaxation, on the other hand, depended more on the instrumental timbre and other acoustic descriptions of the chord.
Anatomical localisation of the tonsils in oropharynx and nasopharynx of sheep

The topography and distribution of the various tonsils were studied anatomically in sheep. The palatine, paraepiglottic and lingual tonsils in Oropharynx and Pharyngeal, Tubal tonsil and Soft palate tonsils in Nasopharynx were studied macroscopically. Mid sagittal sections of freshly slaughtered sheep heads were fixed in 2% Acetic acid for 12-24 hours. After fixation the tonsils were macroscopically visible as white elevated patches in the mucosa which can be clearly appreciated. Pharyngeal tonsil was one of the biggest tonsils noticed in sheep which was seen as white nodule in the caudal part of pharyngeal septum. The surface of this tonsil showed several folds which were mostly oriented longitudinally. Tubal tonsil appeared as scattered nodules in the lateral pharyngeal wall, ventral, and mainly caudal, to the opening of the auditory tube. The number of these nodules on each side varied from 40-60. The tonsil of the soft palate is located at the dorsal surface (nasopharyngeal side) of the soft palate they were small pin head size nodules scattered in the mucosa of rostral aspect of soft palate no aggregations were seen in the caudal aspect. The lingual tonsil was not macroscopically visible in sheep and consisted of scattered small aggregations of lymphocytes.
Fe b 20 05 QMUL-PH-051 D-brane dynamics near compactified NS 5-branes

We examine the dynamics of a Dp-brane in the background of k coincident, parallel NS5branes which have had one of their common transverse directions compactified. We find that for small energy, bound orbits can exist at sufficiently large distances where there will be no stringy effects. The orbits are dependent upon the energy density, angular momentum and electric field. The analysis breaks down at radial distances comparable with the compactification radius and we must resort to using a modified form of the harmonic function in this region. e-mail: s.thomas@qmul.ac. uk e-mail: j.ward@qmul.ac. uk
Efeitos da vareniclina no tecido pulmonar em modelo animal

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate acute and chronic effects of varenicline on lung tissue in an experimental study. METHODS A total of 34 rats were randomly allocated into study (varenicline) and control groups. The rats were divided into two groups (i) control group, (ii) varenicline group. Then, the rats in the each group were sub-divided equally in turn as acute (C1; V1) and chronic (C2; V2) ; all rats of acute and chronic groups were sacrificed under the anesthesia on the 45th day for acute group [C1 (n=5) and V1 (n=12)] and the 90th day for chronic group [C2 (n=5) and V2 (n=12)], respectively. Thus, biochemical and histopathological analysis were carried out. RESULTS Thirty four rats completed the study, 24 were in varenicline group and 10 were in control group. In chronic exposure to varenicline, oxidant levels comprising of malondialdehyde (MDA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) increased and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels, named as antioxidants, decreased significantly when compared to the control group. MDA and MPO levels were also significantly higher and SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH levels were also significantly lower in chronic varenicline group when compared to acute varenicline group. These findings were also supported by histopathological observations. CONCLUSION This is the first study, which evaluated pulmonary effects of varenicline experimentally on an animal model. It was observed that chronic varenicline treatments cause inflammation and lung cell injury.
I-gel as a fi rst-line airway device in the emergency room for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Aim. The optimal method for advanced airway management during cardiac arrest remains controversial. Most patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in Korea are managed with a bag-valve mask by paramedics, while physicians perform advanced airway management in emergency departments (ED). Endotracheal intubation (ETI) has a risk of failure at the first attempt. By contrast, I-gel, a supraglottic airway device, is easier to insert than an endotracheal tube and shows a higher first-attempt success rate than ETI in outof-hospital settings by paramedics in the United States. We reviewed the use of ETI and I-gel by ED physicians to assess the first attempt success rate in a hospital setting. Methods. We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients with non-traumatic OHCA who were managed with either ETI using a Macintosh laryngoscope, or I-gel in the ED of Korean hospital from January 2012 to January 2014. Results. Of 322 adult patients with nontraumatic OHCA, 160 received I-gel and 162 received ETI. The first-attempt success rate was higher in the I-gel group (96.9%) than in the ETI group (84.6%, p < 0.001). The time from arrival to obtaining advanced airway management was shorter in the I-gel group than in the ETI group. Conclusions. I-gel showed a better firstattempt success rate and shorter insertion time compared with ETI when performed by physicians in a hospital setting.