Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distributed generation system development based on various renewable energy resources

In promotion of the new energy policy, the large-scale expansion of constructions of the wind and solar power is developing in China, whose random high-power electric energy fluctuation causes huge shock to the power grid. Confronting this important problem of the power system safe operation, it is really top urgent to build a feasible solution to develop the large-scale new energy. Therefore, this paper raises a distributed generation system based on various renewable energy resources, adopting a small-sized combined generation equipments of unit capacity 100kW max with wind, solar and biogas energies, and super capacitor and battery storage devices, which builds and installs near to the local loads center to supply it optimally in stable and safe, high reliability and less feeder loss mode. The operation performance of the demonstration project shows: the distributed generation system based on various renewable energy resources is an effective and feasible approach for its large-scale and efficient utilization purpose because of its particular distribution characteristics, direct power supply to the local loads and its little influence to the grid.
Interleukin-6 receptor shedding is enhanced by interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha and is partially mediated by tumor necrosis factor alpha-converting enzyme in osteoblast-like cells.

OBJECTIVE Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) activation of gp130 represents an alternative pathway for osteoclast development in inflammatory conditions. The goal of the present study was to investigate changes in sIL-6R levels in response to the inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and to determine the role of TNFalpha-converting enzyme (TACE) in this process. METHODS Levels of sIL-6R in the culture media of MG63 and SAOS-2 osteoblast-like cell lines after exposure to various agents were determined by immunoassay. TACE protein levels were measured by Western immunoblotting. Cells were transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) or with an expression plasmid for IL-6R and TACE to determine the potential involvement of TACE in IL-6R shedding. RESULTS IL-1beta and TNFalpha increased the levels of sIL-6R in the culture media of MG63 osteoblast-like cells. This effect was not influenced by cycloheximide or 5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole riboside but was markedly inhibited by the calcium chelator EGTA and by the TACE and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor hydroxamate (Ru36156). IL-1beta and TNFalpha had no influence on the alternatively spliced form of IL-6R RNA. Levels of sIL-6R were reduced when MG63 cells were transiently transfected with TACE siRNA. Transfection of SAOS-2 cells with expression plasmids for IL-6R and TACE produced a dose-dependent increase in sIL-6R levels. CONCLUSION IL-1beta- and TNFalpha-mediated induction of IL-6R shedding in osteoblast-like cells is at least partly dependent on TACE activation.
Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Wharton’s Jelly in Comparison with Bone Marrow and Their Endothelial Differentiation

Objective: Umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly as source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be easily obtained. In this study, MSCs were isolated from bone marrow and Wharton’s jelly and induced to differentiate into endothelial-like cells. Materials and Methods: MSCs were isolated and induced to differentiate into endothelial-like cells using vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The endothelial differentiation was evaluated by morphological changes, flow-cytometric analysis of surface markers CD31, CD34, and detection of vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) by immunocytochemical analysis. Proliferation curves were done for non-induced cells and the mean population doubling time was obtained. Results: Umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly (UC-MSCs) and bone marrow (BM-MSCs) induced with VEGF show spindle shape with no much morphology difference form MSCs. No significant difference between BM & UC induced cells as regard to CD31 or CD34. Induced cells showed positive staining with VE-cadherin. The mean cell doubling time of the BM-MSCs was 99.5±2.9 hours, and that of the UC-MSCs was 74.5±10.9 hours. Conclusion: MSCs can be isolated from Wharton’s jelly and UC can be easily obtained, representing a noncontroversial source of MSCs. UC-MSCs were induced to differentiate into endothelial-like cells, their endothelial differentiation potential was compareble to BM-MSCs.
COMPARISON BETWEEN THE IN VIVO AND IN VITRO EXPRESSION OF THREE ADHESION‐SIGNALING PROTEINS IN EMBRYONIC CELLS

We have examined the relationship between the in vivo and in vitro expression of three adhesion‐signaling proteins (FAK, PYK2 and Paxillin), using cells of the early chick embryo, where pure cell populations may be isolated and cultured, and in which epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transformation is occurring. Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) and Proline‐rich Tyrosine Kinase‐2 (PYK2) are related in molecular structure, and may have some overlapping functions in signal transduction associated with cell‐substratum adhesion. Paxillin, a cytoskeletal protein, is also localized to focal adhesions. We show that the immunocytochemical detection of these molecules in vivo does not reflect their in vitro localization. Focal Adhesion Kinase showed a developmentally regulated localization to the cytoplasm, but not to sites of adhesion, in epithelial cells in vivo, while Paxillin was associated with migrating mesoderm cells. Proline‐rich Tyrosine Kinase‐2 was undetectable in vivo. The level of expression of these molecules was compared under in vivo and in vitro conditions. While the expression of Focal Adhesion Kinase showed a tissue‐specific regulation of expression with the change to in vitro conditions, Proline‐rich Tyrosine Kinase‐2 showed a more uniform and less tissue‐specific up‐regulation. Levels of Paxillin expression also showed an increase with this change in conditions. We conclude that despite the structural and functional relationships between these three molecules in the developing embryo, the expression and localization of each is independently regulated. We suggest that this provides these cells with the adaptability that they require in order to respond to the changing extracellular environment in the early embryo, and to undergo epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transformation.
Ethnicity, energy expenditure and obesity: are the observed black/white differences meaningful?

Purpose of reviewRecent studies have suggested that black individuals have lower energy expenditure than whites. Many investigators hypothesized that this is why black women experience higher rates of obesity than white women. These findings initiated much research on race as a primary biological determinant of obesity and energy expenditure as a potential pathway. Race is a difficult construct to use in biomedical research. Recent findingsRecent findings have included: an explanation for the lower resting energy expenditure observed among black adults, data showing that relative resting energy expenditure may not be a significant predictor of weight change in African-origin populations, and inconsistent data on the role of activity energy expenditure as a determinant of children's weight change. SummaryThe data suggest that black individuals have lower resting energy expenditure and possibly activity energy expenditure than white individuals. The lower resting energy expenditure is probably caused by a smaller mass of high metabolically active organs. It is unlikely that increased weight gain is associated with lower resting energy expenditure or activity among blacks, because no association has been found within populations. Clinically, it is important to focus on personal modifiable risk factors, e.g., energy intake and physical activity levels.
Measurement of blood flow in the vertebral artery using colour duplex Doppler ultrasound: establishment of the reliability of selected parameters.

This study was designed to determine the reliability of the ultrasound testing procedure for evaluating vertebral artery blood flow, and to determine a robust testing protocol for future studies. Blood flow parameters were tested in ten asymptomatic subjects (mean age 33 years, standard deviation 6 years 8 months) using colour duplex Doppler imaging. Volume flow rate data at C5-6 demonstrated good reliability from a single measurement (Intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]=0.81). Peak velocity sampled at C1-2 showed poor reliability if a single measurement was used (ICC=0.26) improving to fair levels with three measurements (ICC=0.77). Reliability for this parameter was good if five measurements were taken (ICC=0.83-0.84). Systolic/diastolic ratio measured at C5-6 showed poor reliability (ICC=0.57) if a single measurement was taken in the manner of Thiel et al. (1994). This improved to fair reliability (ICC=0.75) if the mean of three measurements was used. There was no further improvement if five measures were sampled. Sampling at C2-3 in the manner of Refshauge (1994) was found to be technically difficult and it was not possible to detect a Doppler shift in three of the ten subjects at this level. Reliability of peak velocity at C2-3 was found to be poor, regardless of whether single or multiple averaged measurements were taken (ICC=0.37-0.63). Mean (time averaged) velocity measurements at C2-3 showed poor reliability if a single measurement was taken (ICC=0.39), fair reliability if the first three measurements were averaged (ICC=0.73) and good to high reliability levels if five measurements were sampled (ICC=0.88-0.91). A review of the literature suggests that sampling volume flow rate at C5-6 and peak velocity at C1-2 represents a clinically meaningful combination of parameters to detect narrowing in the VA. The results of this current study indicate the desirability of taking a single measurement of volume flow rate at C5-6 and the mean of three measurements of peak velocity at C1-2, with the additional calculation of the standard error of measurement, if reliable results are to be achieved.
Fiber spectrum of the trigeminal sensory root of the baboon determined by electron microscopy.

✓ Using random sampling methods and the electron microscope we have verified the impression gained from light microscopy that unmyelinated fibers compose only about 40% of the total fiber count of the trigeminal root. By contrast, recent electron microscopic studies of segmental dorsal roots indicate that, at least in lower vertebrates, unmyelinated fibers compose up to 80% or more of the total. This observation is considered to be of descriptive rather than physiological or pathological significance. The morphological alterations that occur in the spinal trigeminal tract appear to restore the balance in favor of unmyelinated fibers at the functional termination of the trigeminal sensory root.
Motility of boar spermatozoa supplemented with homologous seminal plasma of high or low protein content after storage for three days

The effect of adding high or low protein content homologous seminal plasma to boar spermatozoa on the progressive motility of the spermatozoa after storage for three days, and at a 1 : 4 dilution ratio was investigated. A total of 32 ejaculates collected from four boars (eight ejaculates per boar) with high seminal plasma protein content (4%, HH-group) and 32 ejaculates collected from four boars (eight ejaculates per boar) with low seminal plasma protein content (2%, LL-group) were evaluated. The fresh ejaculate samples were centrifuged at 1000 g for 10 min at 4 °C to separate the spermatozoa from the seminal plasma. After centrifugation, one of the centrifuged spermatozoa samples was used to form an autologous fresh ejaculate sample, and another to form a homologous sample by adding low or high protein content seminal plasma from other boars. It was found that semen samples formed with spermatozoa from HH-group boars, supplemented with seminal plasma from LL-group, boars have significantly (P < 0.01) lower progressive motility (55%) after storage for 72 h than samples containing the boar’s own (autologous) seminal plasma (65%). Conversely, when homologous seminal plasma with high protein content was added to the spermatozoa isolated from the boar ejaculate with low protein content in its seminal plasma, progressive motility significantly (P < 0.01) increased from 52% in samples with autologous seminal plasma, to 65% in samples with homologous seminal plasma. It was concluded that addition of homologous high protein content seminal plasma to the spermatozoa of boars with low protein content in their seminal plasma increases their progressive motility after storage for 72 h at a 1 : 4 dilution ratio. This could be a useful tool for increasing reproductive performance in lower fertility high genetic quality boars.
Injection allergen immunotherapy for asthma.

BACKGROUND Allergen specific immunotherapy has long been a controversial treatment for asthma. Although beneficial effects upon clinically relevant outcomes have been demonstrated in randomised controlled trials, there remains a risk of severe and sometimes fatal anaphylaxis. The recommendations of professional bodies have ranged from cautious acceptance to outright dismissal. With increasing interest in new allergen preparations and methods of delivery, we updated the systematic review of allergen specific immunotherapy for asthma. OBJECTIVES The objective of this review was to assess the effects of allergen specific immunotherapy for asthma. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Airways Group Trials Register up to 2005, Dissertation Abstracts and Current Contents. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials using various forms of allergen specific immunotherapy to treat asthma and reporting at least one clinical outcome. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Three authors independently assessed eligibility of studies for inclusion. Two authors independently performed quality assessment of studies. MAIN RESULTS Eighty-eight trials were included (13 new trials). There were 42 trials of immunotherapy for house mite allergy; 27 pollen allergy trials; 10 animal dander allergy trials; two Cladosporium mould allergy, two latex and six trials looking at multiple allergens. Concealment of allocation was assessed as clearly adequate in only 16 of these trials. Significant heterogeneity was present in a number of comparisons. Overall, there was a significant reduction in asthma symptoms and medication, and improvement in bronchial hyper-reactivity following immunotherapy. There was a significant improvement in asthma symptom scores (standardised mean difference -0.59, 95% confidence interval -0.83 to -0.35) and it would have been necessary to treat three patients (95% CI 3 to 5) with immunotherapy to avoid one deterioration in asthma symptoms. Overall it would have been necessary to treat four patients (95% CI 3 to 6) with immunotherapy to avoid one requiring increased medication. Allergen immunotherapy significantly reduced allergen specific bronchial hyper-reactivity, with some reduction in non-specific bronchial hyper-reactivity as well. There was no consistent effect on lung function. If 16 patients were treated with immunotherapy, one would be expected to develop a local adverse reaction. If nine patients were treated with immunotherapy, one would be expected to develop a systemic reaction (of any severity). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Immunotherapy reduces asthma symptoms and use of asthma medications and improves bronchial hyper-reactivity. One trial found that the size of the benefit is possibly comparable to inhaled steroids. The possibility of local or systemic adverse effects (such as anaphylaxis) must be considered.
Targeting Platelet Migration in the Postischemic Liver by Blocking Protease-Activated Receptor 4

Background Platelets play a critical role during hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Antiplatelet strategies during liver transplantation are, however, limited because of bleeding complications. Thrombin is activated during reperfusion and regulates platelet and endothelial cell function via protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR-4). Interventions at the level of PAR-4, the main platelet receptor for thrombin, are assumed to attenuate the proinflammatory effects of thrombin without affecting blood coagulation. The aim of our study was to analyze the impact of PAR-4 blockade on platelet recruitment and microvascular injury during hepatic I/R. Methods C57BL/6 mice undergoing hepatic I/R (90 min/60 min and 240 min) were treated either with a selective PAR-4 antagonist TcY-NH2 or vehicle. Sham-operated animals served as controls. Recruitment of freshly isolated and fluorescence-labeled platelets and CD4+ T cells was analyzed using intravital video fluorescence microscopy. Parameters of tissue injury, regeneration, and blood coagulation were assessed in tissue/blood samples. Results Results show that treatment with TcY-NH2 attenuated I/R-induced platelet and CD4+ T-cell recruitment, improved sinusoidal perfusion failure, and reduced apoptotic and necrotic injury. The protective effect of PAR-4 blockade did not suppress hemostasis or liver regeneration. Conclusion Our in vivo data suggest PAR-4 as a potential target for future therapeutic strategies against platelet-mediated liver injury on transplantation.
An Investigation in Aligning Multiple Protein Structures Using Biochemical and Biophysical Properties

Aligning multiple protein structures can yield valuable information about structural similarities among related proteins, as well as provide insight into evolutionary relationships between proteins in a family. We have developed an algorithm (msTALI) for aligning multiple protein structures using biochemical and biophysical properties, including torsion angles, secondary structure, hydrophobicity, and surface accessibility. The algorithm is a progressive alignment algorithm motivated by popular techniques from multiple sequence alignment. It has demonstrated success in aligning the major structural regions of a set of proteins from the s/r kinase family. The algorithm was also successful at aligning functional residues of these proteins. In addition, the algorithm was also successful in aligning seven members of the acyl carrier protein family, including both experimentally derived as well as computationally modeled structures.
Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors in human inflammatory synovial fluids.

OBJECTIVE To test synovial fluid (SF) for the presence of soluble fragments originating from distinct tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNF-sR55 and TNF-sR75) which bind to TNF and inhibit its biologic activity. METHODS TNF-sR55 and TNF-sR75 were measured in 62 SF samples by specific immunoassays using monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS Both TNF-sR were present in all of the SF tested. Their concentrations were higher in SF from patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis than in patients with other inflammatory arthritides. The relative amount of TNF-sR75, as compared with TNF-sR55, was higher in seropositive RA SF than in other SF. CONCLUSION The balance between TNF and its specific inhibitors may be critical to the biologic outcome mediated by this cytokine.
A neural framework for robot motor planning

A computational model is proposed for trajectory planning of redundant robots starting from studies about synergy generation in human motor system. Based on the passive motion paradigm (PMP), i.e., on an analogic mechanism, the model shows a good representational power and is able to manage several robot motor planning problems. Such a connectionist model shows analogies with several neural network paradigms, in particular relaxation, and can be expressed in terms of neuron-like processing elements. <<ETX>>
Delivering reassurance to parents: perinatal human papillomavirus transmission is rare.

IN THIS ISSUE of Sexually Transmitted Diseases , Smith et al. present data to suggest a low risk of perinatal transmission of human papillomavirus (HPV). In their study, only 9 of 574 (1.6%) oral or genital specimens taken from newborns tested positive for HPV DNA, and concordance of HPV types was detected in only one mother/infant pair. This report adds to the body of literature on perinatal HPV transmission that has accumulated over the past decade and a half. Previous studies have reported widely varying rates of infection in newborns, with estimates from the ﬁrst couple of days of life ranging from 4 to 72% among infants born to mothers testing positive for HPV DNA during pregnancy, and 0.6 to 20% among infants born to mothers without detectable HPV infection during pregnancy. 1-7 In comparison, the rates reported by Smith et al. are low, but consistent with estimates reported by other large stud- ies. 1,4,8 HPV DNA was detected in only 3.7% (6 of 164) of infants born to mothers with cervical infection and 0.1% (3 of 410) of infants born to mothers who tested negative for cervical HPV DNA during pregnancy. Large sample size and strong laboratory methods add credibility to Smith et al.’s results; this is one of the largest studies of newborn HPV infections to date, and the ﬁrst to use sequencing methods to evaluate concordance of parental/ newborn HPV DNA types. Furthermore, Smith et al. detail that comprehensive procedures were employed to ensure the adequacy of samples, and the distribution of HPV types detected in maternal cervical sites is consistent with previous studies. 9 Most of the higher perinatal transmission estimates come from much smaller, earlier studies, 2,3,5-7 when laboratory methods for analyzing HPV DNA by PCR were still evolving. Even in a relatively large study that we published in 1998, 1 our comparatively low estimates of HPV detection rates in newborns included some positive samples that our laboratory would now classify as negative. Among 151 pregnant women, we reported that 4% (3 of 80) of infants born to
Simultaneous fluorescent retrograde axonal tracing and immunofluorescent characterization of neurons

A simple method is described for simultaneously double labeling single neurons with fluorescent retrograde axonal tracers and immunofluorescence using an antibody to serotonin. Caudate‐putamen injection of orange fluorescent propidium iodide, in particular, proved effective in retrogradely labeling dorsal raphe cell bodies. These same perikarya could be stained green with the indirect immunofluorescent method, using green fluorescent fluorescein isothiocynate (FITC) as the second antibody.
The Brain of LB1, Homo floresiensis

The brain of Homo floresiensis was assessed by comparing a virtual endocast from the type specimen (LB1) with endocasts from great apes, Homo erectus, Homo sapiens, a human pygmy, a human microcephalic, specimen number Sts 5 (Australopithecus africanus), and specimen number WT 17000 (Paranthropus aethiopicus). Morphometric, allometric, and shape data indicate that LB1 is not a microcephalic or pygmy. LB1's brain/body size ratio scales like that of an australopithecine, but its endocast shape resembles that of Homo erectus. LB1 has derived frontal and temporal lobes and a lunate sulcus in a derived position, which are consistent with capabilities for higher cognitive processing.
The number of connected sparsely edged graphs

An (n, q) graph has n labeled points, q edges, and no loops or multiple edges. The number of connected (n, q) graphs is f(n, q). Cayley proved that f(n, n-1) = nn−2 and Renyi found a formula for f(n, n). Here I develop two methods to calculate the exponential generating function of f(n, n + k) for particular k and so to find a formula for f(n, n + k) for general n. The first method is a recurrent one with respect to k and is well adapted for machine computation, but does not itself provide a proof that it can be continued indefinitely. The second (reduction) method is much less efficient and is indeed impracticable for k greater than 2 or 3, but it supplies the missing proof that the generating function is of a particular form and so that the first method can be continued for all k, subject only to the capacity of the machine.