Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Deviation between Dairy Cow Metabolizable Energy Requirements and Pasture Supply on a Dairy Farm Using Proximal Hyperspectral Sensing

This study aimed at determining the extent to which the deviation of daily total metabolizable energy (MEt) requirements of individual cows from the metabolizable energy (ME) supplied per cow (DME) varied throughout the production season in a pasture-based dairy farm using proximal hyperspectral sensing (PHS). Herd tests, milk production, herbage and feed allocation data were collected during the 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 production seasons at Dairy 1, Massey University, New Zealand. Herbage ME was determined from canopy reflectance acquired using PHS. Orthogonal polynomials were used to model lactation curves for yields of milk, fat, protein and live weights of cows. Daily dietary ME supplied per cow to the herd and ME requirements of cows were calculated using the Agricultural Food and Research Council (AFRC) energy system of 1993. A linear model including the random effects of breed and cow was used to estimate variance components for DME. Daily herd MEt estimated requirements oscillated between a fifth above or below the ME supplied throughout the production seasons. DME was mostly explained by observations made within a cow rather than between cows or breeds. Having daily estimates of individual cow requirements for MEt in addition to ME dietary supply can potentially contribute to achieving a more precise fit between supply and demand for feed in a pasture-based dairy farm by devising feeding strategies aimed at reducing DME.
Effects of Sulfur Dioxide Exposure on Leaf Mass per Area of Selected Gymnosperms and Implications for Interpreting the Plant Fossil Record

Premise of research. The role of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in plant responses to large igneous province volcanism is difficult to determine but important in relation to understanding ecosystem responses during mass extinction events. Leaf mass per area (LMA) is an important leaf measure for tracking plant responses to environmental pressures in the fossil record, but how it responds to SO2 exposure is unclear, particularly for nonangiosperm taxa. Methodology. Five gymnosperm species were grown in simulated paleoatmospheric conditions that included SO2 to determine how the plants responded. Pivotal results. All plants’ growth in high SO2 showed a significant decrease in LMA compared with the control (with no SO2). When grown in a high CO2, low O2, and high SO2 treatment, most plants continued to show a decrease in LMA compared with the control but an increase compared with the high SO2 treatment with ambient CO2 and O2. Conclusions. These findings suggest that exposure to SO2 significantly decreases LMA, potentially reducing preservation potential in the fossil record. Exposure to combined SO2 and high CO2 reduces this effect, but this may also obscure the effects of SO2, leading to interpretations that ecosystem instability is primarily driven by increasing CO2, which may not be the case.
Gate Drive Controller for Low Voltage DC Hybrid Circuit Breaker

With the advent of direct current (DC) loads such as LED lighting, IT equipment, electric vehicles, and DC powers generated from renewable energy sources, low voltage DC (LVDC) distribution system is becoming a hot issue. One of the hurdles in the LVDC distribution system is arc flash at the contact points that occurs during the circuit is opening. Unlike alternating current, direct current has no zero points and sustains constantly. Therefore, there is a risk of electric fire due to continuous generating arcs when the load current is interrupted with an existing electrical contact type circuit breaker. Recently, the concept of a hybrid circuit breaker that takes advantage of traditional electrical contact type switch and the arcless semiconductor switch has been proposed, but how to cooperatively operate the two switches has become an issue. This paper analyzes the principle of a hybrid circuit breaker for blocking LVDC current and proposes a gate drive controller for it. Through 400V class LVDC cutoff test, the operation of the proposed hybrid circuit breaker is verified and the characteristics are analyzed.
Assessment of Machine Learning Algorithms in Short-term Forecasting of PM10 and PM2.5 Concentrations in Selected Polish Agglomerations

ABSTRACT Air pollution continues to have a significant impact on Europeans living in urban areas. Each year, elevated concentration episodes of PMx are responsible for a large number of premature deaths (mostly due to heart diseases and strokes). Poland is one of the most polluted countries in Europe according to annual EEA reports. A high winter PMx concentration is mostly the result of high emission and unfavourable weather conditions combined with environmental features. It is crucial to create the most accurate PMx concentration forecast so as to be able to alert society on time along with the needed municipal mitigation schemes. The research is aimed at assessing the possibility of short-term forecast of PMx concentrations by means of machine learning tools with the subsequent identification of primary meteorological covariates. The data comprises 10 years of winter hourly PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in 4 large Polish agglomerations: Poznan, Krakow, Łodź, and Gdansk. The research covered a total of 11 urban air quality monitoring stations, including background, traffic, and industrial types. The selected cities cover areas of high population density and quite a diverse environment stretching from the Baltic Sea coast (Tricity), through lowlands (Łodź, Poznan) to highlands (Krakow). We applied four ML models: stepwise regression (AIC-based), two tree-based algorithms (Random Forest and XGBoost), and a neural network model. The analysis and the application of the cross-validation scheme provided a clear assessment of the optimal algorithm. The presented study confirms the high applicability of ML tools for short-term air quality prediction with the perfect prog approach. Among the used algorithms, there is a clear ranking, with the worst results achieved by linear methods and gradual enhancement through Neural Networks, Random Forest, and finally, XGBoost algorithm providing the best results. This is apparent in the regression approach and binary forecasts for threshold exceedance.
Comparison of Open Digestion Methods for the Determination of Rare Earth Elements in Plant Samples by ICP-MS

ABSTRACT An analytical procedure for the reliable determination of rare earth elements (REEs) in plant samples by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was developed. The influence of the main matrix elements was investigated first. It was established that moderate amounts (0.1–1.0%) of dissolved solids decreased the REEs signals significantly. Internal standardization with indium proved to be useful for obtaining correct results. Various digestion procedures were next applied to converting various solid plant samples to aqueous solution, namely dry-ashing, dry-ashing including a hydrofluoric acid (HF) step, and wet digestion using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric acid (HNO3). Obtained results showed that the simple dry-ashing procedure was sufficient for plants. A certified reference material (BCR-670, aquatic plant) was used to validate the accuracy of the method. Relative standard deviations varied from 1% (holmium, gadolinium) to 4% (europium). Detection limits between 13 (lanthanum) and 0.02 ng L−1 (lutetium) were achieved.
scite: The next generation of citations

While the importance of citation context has long been recognized, simple citation counts remain as a crude measure of importance. Providing citation context should support the publication of careful science instead of headline‐grabbing and salami‐sliced non‐replicable studies. Machine learning has enabled the extraction of citation context for the first time, and made the classification of citation types at scale possible.
Palynoflora exploited by Frieseomelitta longipes (Smith, 1854) (Apinae: Meliponini) in protected areas from the Brazilian Amazon basin

Using melissopalynology, we aimed to identify the plant species used by Frieseomelitta longipes (Smith, 1854) in the Tapajós–Arapiuns Extractive Reserve, a protected area in the Brazilian Amazon Basin. Honey samples were collected from F. longipes colonies in the Anã and Solimões communities for one year. The honey was acetolyzed and microscopically evaluated. Overall, we identified 184 pollen types distributed in 38 families, with 14 undetermined pollen types. Of this total, we found 104 exclusive pollen types in the Anã community honey, 58 exclusive pollen types in the Solimões community honey and 22 pollen types in honey from both areas. The most representative pollen types were: Caesalpinia peltophoroides, Cecropia, Delonix regia, Eugenia stipitata, Mimosa guilhardini, Psidium guajava, Spondias mombin, and Tapirira guianensis. The diversity (H') of pollen types was higher throughout the year in the Anã community, peaking in Feb/2017 (H' = 2.81), compared to Solimões honeys in Apr/2017 (H' = 2.61). The pollen spectrum of Anã samples revealed greater uniformity (J') for F. longipes, also peaking in Jan/2017 (J' = 0.97). On the other hand, we found the lowest J' values in the Solimões community samples, especially in Sep/2017 (J' = 0.76). In the Anã community, F. longipes expanded and diversified its collection of resources, revealing an extensive pollen niche and a more homogeneous collection pattern compared to the Solimões community.
Calcium carbonate bio-precipitation in counter-diffusion systems using the soluble organic matrix from nacre and sea-urchin spine

The biomineralization process of nacre and sea-urchin spine occurs under the biological control of specific macromolecules in gelling environments through diverse mechanisms. In both cases, the formation of the crystalline phases – aragonite in nacre and magnesian calcite in sea-urchin spine – takes place through amorphous calcium carbonate precursor phases. Here, these biomineralization processes were investigated by means of counter-diffusion crystallization experiments using agarose highly viscous sols entrapping the soluble organic matrix (SOM) extracted from the two mentioned biominerals. The presence of these SOMs did not increase the supersaturation needed for precipitation, but narrowed the permitted supersaturations with respect to calcium and carbonate ions, when compared to those observed in experiments using synthetic polypeptides or SOM from corals. In the presence of SOMs and diffusing magnesium ions, the analyses of the precipitates suggested that crystallization proceeded through transient amorphous calcium carbonate phases. These favoured the crystallization of aragonite or calcite, according to the biomineral from which SOM was extracted, when a specific concentration was used. This study showed a control of SOMs on the mineralization process, which was more specific for nacre and sea-urchin spine than that for coral skeletons. It also validates the counter-diffusion system as a tool to investigate biomineralization processes in vitro .
Inhibitory Effects of Bryophyllum pinnatum Leaf Extract on Inflammatory Biomarkers

Bryophyllum pinnatum Lam. (Crassulaceae) called ‘Oda-opue’ in Igbo and ‘Abamoda’ in Yoruba are widely used as food and as medicines in traditional medical practice. They are found widely in tropical Africa, America, India and China. This study investigated the inhibitory effect of the hydroethanol leaf extract on inflammatory biomarkers. The Cotton Pellet Induced Granuloma method was used in the study. The plant extract significantly inhibited the inflammatory biomarkers, cyclooxygenases 1 and 2, interleukins 1β and 6, and prostaglandin E2, in a dose dependent manner indicating a reduction of inflammation in the rats. The study showed that B. pinnatum leaf extract possess a rich content of bioactive compounds which could be synthesized to produce new plantbased product to fight inflammatory disorders with fewer side effects. Original Research Article Oladejo et al.; JAMPS, 23(2): 7-13, 2021; Article no.JAMPS. 65453 8
The relationship between gender and work-to-family conflict among Chinese managers: testing a moderated mediation model

Abstract This study of 390 full-time Chinese managers examined the relationship between gender and work-to-family conflict. Guided by identity theory, we found that work centrality and family centrality mediated the relationship between gender and work-to-family conflict. The findings indicate men follow a work centrality pathway that results in increased work-to-family conflict and women follow a family centrality pathway that also results in higher levels of work-to-family conflict. Gender role attitudes moderated the relationship between gender and work centrality, and the indirect relationship between gender and work-to-family conflict through work centrality was stronger for managers with traditional gender role attitudes than those with non-traditional gender role attitudes. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Pregnancy related breast cancer: report of three cases

Pregnancy-related breast cancer is deﬁned as breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy or within a year after delivery. In current report, 3 cases of breast cancer, diagnosed during pregnancy are presented. Different diagnostic challenges, different therapeutic methods and major influences of breast cancer on obstetrical outcomes are also discussed in current report. In current case series, the three patients had ages of 36, 40 and 44 years old. They were all diagnosed as having breast cancer during pregnancy. Diagnosis was achieved using imaging, and histopathology through breast biopsy. The histological type was not otherwise specified breast cancer in all three cases. Delivery was vaginal in two cases and through caesarean section in one case. Interruption of pregnancy was performed in one case. A bad prognosis was observed in one patient with death after chemotherapy and surgery, and a favourable evolution was observed in the two other cases. The management of this complex entity must be multidisciplinary.
Mobility-aware null-space expansion for multiuser massive MIMO

: This letter proposes adaptive null-space expansion (NSE) for multiuser massive MIMO according to users’ mobility. NSE can improve the robustness of multi-user spatial multiplexing in a time-varying channel by expanding null-steering to multiple past channels. Its superiority was veriﬁed under the uniﬁed moving speed among users. In a realistic environment, users with diﬀerent speeds coexist. Null-space dimension, which is the number of nulliﬁed channels per user terminal, should be optimized in accordance with users’ mobility so as to maximize the beamforming gain and nulliﬁcation capability. In our proposal, we ﬁrst show that user mobility can be classiﬁed by observing the singular value of time-varying channels. Computer simulation then clariﬁes that output SINR can be improved by assigning null space dimensions respective to user moving speeds.
Geothermal‐type Lithium Resources in Southern Xizang, China

High‐temperature geothermal water has abundant lithium (Li) resources, and research on the development and utilization of geothermal‐type lithium resources around the world are increasing. The Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau contains huge geothermal resources; especially, Li‐rich geothermal resources in southern Xizang, southwestern China, are widely developed. The Li‐rich geothermal spots in Xizang are mainly distributed on both sides and to the south of the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone. Such resources are often found in the intensely active high‐temperature Li‐rich geothermal fields and, compared with other Li‐rich geothermal fields around the world, the Li‐rich geothermal fluid in the Xizang Plateau, southern Xizang is characterized by good quality: the highest reported Li concentration is up to 239 mg/L; the Mg/Li ratio is extremely low and ranges from 0.03 to 1.48 for most of the Li‐rich geothermal fluid; the Li/TDS value is relatively high and ranges from 0.25–1.14% compared to Zhabuye Li‐rich salt lake (0.19%) and Salar de Uyuni (Bolivia) (0.08–0.31%). Continuous discharge has been stable for at least several decades, and some of them reach industrial grades of salt lake brine (32.74 mg/L). In addition, elements such as boron (B), caesium (Cs), and rubidium (Rb) are rich and can be comprehensively utilized. Based on still‐incomplete statistics, there are at least 16 large‐scale Li‐rich hot springs with lithium concentration of 20 mg/L or more. The total discharge of lithium metal is about 4300 tons per year, equivalent to 25,686 tons of lithium carbonate. Drilling data has shown that the depth is promising and there is a lack of volcanism (non‐volcanic geothermal system). With a background of the partial‐melting lower crust caused by the collision of the Indo‐Asia continent and based on a comprehensive analysis of the tectonic background of southern Xizang and previous geological, geophysical, and geothermal research, deep molten magma seems to provide a stable heat source for the high‐temperature Li‐rich geothermal field. The Li‐rich parent geothermal fluid rushes to the surface to form hot springs along the extensively developed tectonic fault zones in southern Xizang; some of the Li‐rich fluid flows in to form Li‐rich salt lakes. However, most of the Li‐rich geothermal fluid is remitted to seasonal rivers and has not been effectively exploited, resulting in great waste. With the continuous advance of lithium extraction technologies in Li‐rich geothermal fluid, the lithium resource in geothermal water is promising as a new geothermal type of mineral deposit, which can be effectively exploited. This is the first study to undertake a longitudinal analysis on the characteristics, distribution and scale, origin and utilization prospects of Li‐rich geothermal resources in southern Xizang, research that will contribute to a deeper understanding of Li‐rich geothermal resources in the area and attract attention to these resources in China.
Structural and histochemical analyses of the vegetative organs of Eichhornia crassipes

ABSTRACT Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), a free-floating aquatic macrophyte belonging to the family Pontederiaceae, is invasive in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. Using brightfield and epifluorescence microscopy, we investigated the anatomical structures and histochemical features allowing this species to float freely, and to successfully invade aquatic environments. The roots of water hyacinth have a lignified endodermis with Casparian bands and no suberin, as well as a lignified cortex and hypodermis. The stem epidermis is covered with a thin cuticle, and lignified sclerenchyma delimit the central cylinder with scattered vascular bundles. Air spaces, which included schizogenous intercellular spaces and lysigenous aerenchyma, were observed in the root cortices, while schizo-lysigenous aerenchyma and protoxylem lacunae were observed in the shoots. Key structural features of the water hyacinth, including barriers (e.g. the endodermis, lignified cortex and hypodermis, and cuticle) and air spaces, may allow this plant to float freely and to invade aquatic environments. Thus, our study identified the anatomical features that allow the water hyacinth to thrive in aquatic environments.
Modeling and prediction of expected informal growth in the Greater Cairo Region, Egypt

Informal settlement growth is a vital challenge for developing countries, which requires monitoring and assessment by urban planners and city managers. Rural migration to urban areas leads to the unplanned expansion that grows within and beyond the city’s official boundaries. Although informal housing (IH) is growing fast, very little attention is oriented toward exploring tools and procedures for predicting its future expansion. Many studies have shown that informal housing is widespread and represents one of the most dominant features of urbanization in Egypt. Modern simulation and modeling technologies provide new methodologies to explore the complexity of urban growth. As a result, many planning models were developed and successfully used to simulate the spread of planned settlements in developed nations. However, the implementation of these models rarely achieves realistic simulation in the case of unplanned growth due to the developer’s field of study and the available resources. The main objective is to simulate the expected informal housing by modeling its causative land use factors in the Greater Cairo Region. This paper develops a predictive model that anticipates the spatial distribution of unplanned growth and where informal housing is likely to occur over a period based on known growth factors. The proposed Informal Housing Growth Model derives its principles from cellular automata and geographic information system technologies. This model uses a multi-criteria concept, including parameters and conditions related to informal growth, and can be adapted to other growth factors.
Sustainable Management of Online to Offline Delivery Apps for Consumers’ Reuse Intention: Focused on the Meituan Apps

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly changed our daily life, especially in the food industry. This study aims to examine the sustainable factors that influence the reuse intention in China’s online-to-offline (O2O) food delivery industry, using “Meituan Waimai” app users as the objects of investigation. Meituan had great success in the initial stage of business due to the rapid urbanization of the major Chinese cities, and thus it is planning to enter the second and third level of cities in China. However, this may not be sustainable because beginner’s luck does not hold unless it is supported by sustainable governance. To evaluate the online and offline governance of O2O business, we used five service quality factors (convenience, safety, economy, accuracy, and speed) in a structural equation model. Customer satisfaction and reuse intention are used as mediating and dependent variables, respectively. The main findings are as follows. First, among the service characteristics, economy and speed factors did not perfectly mediate satisfaction, implying that the initial stage of success may not be sustainable. O2O service providers in China should put more effort into customizing economic incentives as well as making an appropriate impression regarding the delivery speed. Second, satisfaction is fully supported by other factors, implying that O2O service providers should take into account feedback from the people in the market and consumers.
Hierarchically porous Co3O4/C nanowire arrays derived from a metal–organic framework for high performance supercapacitors and the oxygen evolution reaction

Transition metal oxides with hierarchically porous structures supported by conductive substrates have been considered as promising electrodes for electrochemical energy storage and catalysis. Herein we configure porous Co3O4/C nanowire arrays (NAs) by thermally annealing a Co-based metal–organic framework (Co-MOF) in Ar and air, respectively. The hybrid Co3O4/C NAs demonstrate a high specific capacitance of 1.32 F cm−2 at a current density of 1 mA cm−2, which is much superior to that of bare Co3O4 NAs. A highly stable symmetric supercapacitor based on Co3O4/C exhibits an excellent durability with only 21.7% capacitance decay after 5000 cycles. Besides electrochemical energy storage, the Co3O4/C hybrids demonstrate an outstanding electrochemical catalysis ability for the oxygen evolution reaction, identified by the high current density of 30 mA cm−2 at low overpotential (η30 = 318 mV) and a small Tafel slope (81 mV dec−1). The electrical conductivity of the interconnected C infrastructures and ion diffusion within the hierarchical pores are intrinsic causes to promote the pseudo-capacitive performance and enhance catalytic activity. The synthesis strategy reported here opens an avenue to design high performance electrodes for energy storage and electrochemical catalysis.