Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The surface science of metal oxides

1. Introduction 2. Geometric structure of metal-oxide surfaces 3. Surface lattice vibrations 4. Electronic structure of non-transition metal-oxide surfaces 5. Electronic structure of transition metal-oxide surfaces 6. Molecular adsorption on oxides 7. Interfaces of metal oxides with metals and other oxides References Index.
Frontier Electronic Structures in Fluorinated Copper Phthalocyanine Thin Films Studied Using Ultraviolet and Inverse Photoemission Spectroscopies

Ultraviolet photoemission and inverse photoemission spectroscopy was used to compare the electronic structure of copper phthalocyanine, copper octafluorophthalocyanine, and copper hexadecafluorophthalocyanine thin films. A rigid shift to lower energy was observed for both the occupied and unoccupied electronic states as the number of fluorine atoms around the phthalocyanine ring increased. The spectral features of the fluorine-substituted derivatives were otherwise very similar to copper phthalocyanine, and no change in the transport gap energy was observed. Vacuum level shifts were observed at the interface with polycrystalline gold substrates of sufficient magnitude to consistently pin the substrate Fermi level near the middle of the HOMO-LUMO gap. The calculated barrier heights for electron and hole injection across the interface were therefore equal, and no correlation with fluorine substitution was found.
Service Quality Dimensions and Customer Satisfaction in Online Shopping: A Customer’s Perspective

With the expansion of e-commerce, E-Service Quality is becoming increasingly important. The study aims to investigate the relationship between e-service quality dimensions and customer satisfaction in B2C online shopping in Pakistan emphasizing the customer’s perspective. A total of five dimensions of e-service quality have been tested with endogenous variable i.e. customer satisfaction. Using a quantitative research strategy, data from 225 participants was collected using online questionnaires where 88% of the respondents already had the experience of online shopping that made a valid sample of 199. Smart PLS was used to conduct the data analysis. Following reliability and validity analysis, out of all five dimensions, reliability showed the strongest path coefficient of 0.323. Results also show that all the five hypotheses were supported except for responsiveness. As far as implications of the study are concerned, online shopping stores should devote valuable resource to enhance the significant e-service quality attributes that are emphasized by this study. Moreover, E-Services are becoming increasingly important in B2C e-commerce for improving customer relations and increasing sales and developing countries are of no exception to it. Lastly, as the study is conducted in Pakistani context, generalizability to other countries particularly outside South Asia may be limited due to difference in customers’ shopping behaviours and attitudes.
Magic numbers for water–ammonia binary clusters: Enhanced stability of ion clathrate structures

The formation of water–ammonia binary clusters (H2O)n(NH3)mH+ (q≲40, q=n+m), have been investigated employing a neutral supersonic nozzle expansion of premixed water–ammonia gas with molecular‐beam‐mass spectrometry. The analysis of the mass spectra reveals that the number of water‐rich clusters is greatly increased as the cluster size is increased. Mass spectroscopic evidence for the existence of enhanced structural stabilities (‘‘magic numbers’’) has been found at the protonated clusters (H2O)20(NH3)mH+ (m=1–6) and (H2O)27NH+4 . Considerations for the magic number stabilities are presented within the framework of ion clathrate (ion‐centered cage) structures. Monte Carlo simulations are also presented for ionized (protonated) clusters around n=20 and n=27 with m=1. The clusters (H2O)20NH+4 and (H2O)27NH+4 have greater binding energies per molecule than their neighbors, in agreement with the mass spectroscopic observations. The calculated structure for (H2O)20NH+4 also indicates the stability of pentagona.
Pressurizing conditions in helium-pressure-transmitting medium

We present quantitative measurements of the macroscopic non-hydrostatic stress and of the microscopic stress in samples compressed in a diamond anvil cell, using helium as a pressure-transmitting medium. These are based on the analysis of X-ray diffraction line shifts and widths. The macroscopic non-hydrostatic stress reaches 0.3–0.5 GPa at 150 GPa when the sample remains embedded in the pressure medium. The effect of this non-hydrostatic stress on the measured equations of state is estimated in the cases of gold, silver, molybdenum and copper. It is found to be negligible, except in the case of gold. We show that the analysis of the X-ray diffraction line shifts is a more sensitive way of detecting non-hydrostatic compression than the monitoring of the ruby luminescence signal. It can be used to detect when the sample is directly compressed between the diamond anvils. The sample geometry, in particular its thickness, has to be carefully chosen to prevent that situation.
“Janus” dendrimers: syntheses and properties

“Janus” dendrimers, i.e.dendrimers constituted of two dendrimeric wedges and terminated by two different functionalities, are reviewed. Both the synthetic aspects and the particular properties afforded by the presence of two different functions in two precise areas of the surface of the Janus dendrimers are reported. This review is organized depending on the type of internal structure (benzyl ether, phenylene, phosphorus, PAMAM, DAB, lysine, alkyl ether, ester, amide, etc.).
Concentrations and stable isotope values of BTEX in gasoline-contaminated groundwater

This work was undertaken to investigate the usefulness of stable carbon isotopic analysis as a monitoring tool for contaminant remediation. Concentrations and δ13C values of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) were measured at a gasoline-contaminated site in southern California. The BTEX data were determined using a purge-and-trap connected to a gas chromatograph/ion trap mass spectrometer and to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer system. Concentrations ranged from below detection (<0.5 ppb ≈ 0.05 μM C) to about 120 ppm (≈10 000 μM C) total BTEX, with toluene generally having the highest concentrations. For BTEX compounds at monitoring wells averaged across all sampling dates, δ13C values ranged from −23.8 to −26.6‰ (benzene), −22.9 to −25.2‰ (toluene), from −23.0 to −25.3‰ (p&m-xylenes), and from −22.4 to −25.0‰ (o-xylene). The data strongly suggest two sources of contamination: one with lighter (12C-enriched) δ13C values emanating from the area near monitoring wells 1 and 2, and the othe.
The analysis of thermoluminescence glow peaks of unannealed synthetic quartz

The additive dose, Tm(Ea)–Tstop, repeated initial rise, variable heating rate and computerized glow curve deconvolution (CGCD) methods were used to determine the number of peaks and kinetic parameters (kinetic orders b, activation energy Ea and attempt-to-escape frequency s) associated with the thermoluminescence (TL) glow peaks in unannealed acid purified synthetic quartz produced by the Fluka Company after beta-irradiation between the dose level 0.02 Gy and 2.5 kGy. The Ea–Tstop and CGCD methods indicated that the glow curve of this material is the superposition of at least seven first-order components, which was referred to as P1–P7, in the temperature range between room temperature and 500°C. The results indicated that kinetic parameters vary fairly from method to method. The dose responses and fading process, which are very useful in radiation dosimetry and archaeological dating, of individual TL peaks of this material were also examined. The dose responses of all peaks have similar pattern, first they follow strong linearity and then saturate at different dose levels. Peaks 1 and 2 completely disappeared after 1 month storage in the dark room at room temperature. On the other hand, the intensity of peak 3 was reduced to 27% of its original value whereas the other peaks (P4–P7) were not sufficiently affected during this period.
A refinement of the crystal structure of KSCN

Two previous investigations of the crystal structure of potassium thiocyanate have been made (Klug, 1933; Bfissem, Gtinther & Tubin, 1934). Both studies made use of zonal data and differed substantially in only the position of the carbon atom in the thiocyanate ion. Because of the inherent errors in results from projection data and the growing need for more accurate interatomic distances for theoretical purposes, it was decided to reinvestigate this structure. Crystals of analytical grade were recrystallized from an alcohol-water solution. Two separate crystals, whose dimensions varied from 0.07 to 0-10 mm, were used to collect the data because the first began to decompose before the investigation was complete. Systematic extinctions (Okl for k = 2 n + l and hOl for l = 2 n + 1) agree with the previous space group assignments of Pbcm. Lattice constants, determined from precession photographs, are a = 6.673 + 0.003, b = 6.715 + 0-003, c= 7.543 + 0.005 A. Intensity data were collected on a Picker diffractometer equipped with a General Electric single-crystal orienter using Mo Ka radiation. Angle settings were calculated with an existing Fortran II program (Shoemaker, 1962). The Lorentz-polarization corrections were made but absorption effects were neglected. A three-dimensional Fourier synthesis (Sly, Shoemaker & Van den Hende, 1962), based on signs calculated from the positions of one of the previous investigations (Klug, 1933), gave the correct position for the carbon atom and improved the other positions. Anisotropic least-square refinement was carried out with the Busing, Martin & Levy (1962) program, and final values of RI =0.080 and R3=0.067 were obtained. Scattering factors were obtained from International Tables for X-ray Crystallography (1962). Final parameters are listed in Table 1, with observed and calculated structure factors given in Table 2. The weighting scheme used is as follows:
Penerapan Teknik Blob Analysis dalam Pemilihan Region of Interest pada Citra Leukosit

Leukimia merupakan penyakit pada manusia yang terjadi karena tubuh memproduksi sel darah putih dalam jumlah yang tidak wajar. Dalam penelitian di bidang IT yang berkaitan dengan sel darah putih, umumnya data yang digunakan sebagai pengujian adalah citra sel darah putih yang diambil dengan bantuan mikroskop. Mula-mula, sel darah putih diletakkan pada preparat, diberi pewarnaan untuk mempertegas warna sel, lalu diambil gambar sel tersebut. Citra yang diambil umumnya masih merupakan citra berukuran besar yang jumlahnya lebih dari satu citra sel darah putih. Padahal umumnya, untuk melakukan ekstraksi fitur, diperlukan satu sel darah putih pada satu citra. Hal ini menjadi pekerjaan tersendiri pada sebuah penelitian. Upaya untuk memilih area sel darah putih dapat dilakukan dengan pendekatan pengolahan citra. Citra yang berukuran besar dan bisa terdiri dari berbagai sel darah putih akan dipilih areanya agar menjadi area yang lebih spesifik. Hal ini disebut dengan Region of Interest. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memilih Region of Interest pada sel darah putih secara otomatis dengan menggunakan teknik Blob Analysis yang memanfaatkan BoundingBox. Dengan bantuan citra groundtruth yang didapat dari pakar, area ini kemudian menjadi rujukan dalam menandai koordinat sel darah putih pada citra aslinya. Kemudian, kordinat tersebut diterapkan pada citra asli untuk dilakukan pemotongan agar menjadi citra yang lebih kecil dan memiliki satu sel darah putih. Pengujian dilakukan pada 250 citra berbagai jenis sel darah putih. Dari pengujian, didapatkan hasil Region of Interest dari citra dengan tingkat ketelitian mencapai 99.95%. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat memudahkan peneliti dalam mengembangkan peneltian lebih jauh pada citra sel darah putih.
Ultra-Wideband Radar Detection of Breathing Rate: A Comparative Evaluation

The cost of a medical grade breathing rate monitors can be prohibitive. However, commodity ultra-wideband (UWB) radar based device can be used to detect breathing rate for health monitoring applications in homes. We identified several research challenges, including high cost and functional limitations based on the user’s location, orientation, and movement, as well as dependency on system placement and vulnerabilities in signal processing methods. We performed a comparative evaluation for a commodity UWB radar based device, Walabot, to determine its feasibility for health monitoring applications. The data was processed using two breathing rate derivation techniques: Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) and Peak Detection. The results support feasibility of Walabot as a commodity breathing rate monitor for health monitoring in homes.
Facile preparation of conductive paint made with polyaniline/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid dispersion and poly(methyl methacrylate)

We investigated an easy way to prepare industrially a conductive paint made with polyaniline (PANI)/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) dispersion and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in organic media. First, water-dispersible PANI doped with DBSA was chemically synthesized with aniline sulfate using ammonium persulfate in water, and the resulting PANI/DBSA was readily extracted from the reaction medium with a mixture of toluene and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) (toluene:MEK = 1:1 (v/v)), which is useful for industrial applications. The obtained PANI/DBSA organic dispersion was mixed with PMMA organic solution to give the corresponding PANI/DBSA conductive paint containing PMMA. A film prepared with the resulting PANI/DBSA conductive paint was found to possess relatively good conductivity and low surface resistivity for a conductive paint utilized for an electrostatic discharge even at low PANI/DBSA content in the PANI/DBSA–PMMA composite film (the conductivity and the surface resistivity were 9.48 × 10−4 S cm−1 and 3.14 × 106 Ω cm−2, respectively, when the feed ratio of PANI/DBSA:PMMA was 1:39 (w/w)). Furthermore, it was found that the conductivity of the film composed of PANI/DBSA–PMMA composite can be readily and widely controlled by the PANI/DBSA content of the composite or by the amount of DBSA used during the PANI/DBSA synthesis. The highest conductivity of PANI/DBSA–PMMA composite film (7.84 × 10−1 S cm−1) was obtained when the feed ratio of PANI/DBSA:PMMA was 1:4 (w/w). Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Relación del doble estándar sexual con el funcionamiento
sexual y las conductas sexuales de riesgo: revisión
sistemática

espanolEl doble estandar sexual (DES) hace referencia a la aceptacion de diferentes criterios para la valoracion del mismo comportamiento sexual en hombres y en mujeres. Ante la ausencia de revisiones bibliograficas previas, este trabajo presenta una revision sistematica sobre la relacion del DES con el funcionamiento sexual y las conductas sexuales de rie sgo. A partir de la busqueda en diferentes bases de datos, se obtuvieron 22 articulos cientificos. Los resultados senalan que la actitud a favor del DES perjudica el funcionamiento sexual y favorece las conductas sexuales de riesgo, las cuales son mas perjudiciales para las mujeres. Se discute la importancia que tiene el estudio del DES en la salud sexual, para entender el funcionamiento sexual y la incidencia de las conductas sexuales de riesgo. Se recomienda mejorar los instrumentos para medir DES, con el fin de garantizar una evaluacion exacta e invariante de este fenomeno en aquellos grupos definidos por el genero y otras variables socioculturales. EnglishSexual double standard (SDS) refers to the acceptance of different criteria for the assessment of the same sexual behavior in men and women. Due to the absence of previous bibliographical reviews, this study presents a systematic review of the relationship between SDS, sexual functioning, and risk sexual behaviors. From a search of different databases, it was obtained a total of 22 scientific articles. The results indicate that attitude in favor of SDS harms sexual functioning and favors risk sexual behaviors, which were more harmful to women. The importance of the study of SDS in sexual health is discussed, to understand sexual functioning and the incidence of risk sexual behaviors. It is recommended to improve the instruments used to measure SDS, to guarantee an exact and invariant evaluation of this phenomenon in those groups defined by gender and other socio-cultural variables.
Ozonolysis Fragment Quenching by Nitrate Formation: The Pressure Dependence of Prompt OH Radical Formation

The gas-phase reaction of ozone with alkenes is known to be a significant source of OH radicals in the troposphere. The pressure dependence of the OH yield in ozone−alkene reactions is both important and controversial; the poor understanding of the pressure-dependent OH yield for different ozone−alkene reactions is a major obstacle to developing an accurate simulation of tropospheric chemistry. Using a high-pressure flow reactor, we have investigated the ozonolysis of a series of alkenes in the presence of NO2. The four alkenes studied were 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene (TME), trans-5-decene, cyclohexene, and α-pinene, which provide significant differences in size (C6 vs C10) and structure (linear vs cyclic) to elucidate the influence of these competing effects on OH formation. OH yields from TME and trans-5-decene ozonolysis decrease with increasing pressure, but OH yields from cyclohexene (0.64 ± 0.20) and α-pinene (0.89 ± 0.20) are pressure-independent and consistent with the literature. Acetone production inc.
Nanoparticle SnO 2 films as gas sensitive membranes

The Karlsruhe Microwave Plasma Process (KMPP), a versatile gas-phase process is applied to produce SnO 2 and core shell SnO 2 /SiO 2 nanoparticles which are, respectively, deposited in-situ on preheated Si-Substrates. These substrates are already equipped with an electrode microarray. The proof of sensor concept shows, that mechanically stable, nanoscaled and nanogranular gas sensing layers can be produced. In a first step synthesis and deposition parameters of SnO 2 are elaborated, and gas-sensitivity tests are performed. Additionally, annealing experiments are done. The morphology and struc-ture of nanoparticles is characterized by X-ray diffraction and TEM-methods. The layers are in-vestigated by SEM techniques and by XPS. The sensitivity of the nanogranular layer is deter-mined in comparison with a standard microarray equipped with sputtered layers. Particles crys-tallize in the tetragonal cassiterite structure. It is found that a precursor concentration of 3×10 −6 mol/l leads to particles with crystallite size in the region of 2nm, whereas a concentration of 5.5×10 −4 mol/l results in approximately 5nm particles. With the precursor concentration, columnar porous layers of 200nm thickness are obtained after a deposition time of 1min. This thickness is comparable to the one of sputtered layers. First sensor tests show 10 times higher sensitivity to isopropanol, compared to the standard array. The time of response is equivalent. The grain growth observed for bare and core/shell nanoparticles at 300°C is marginal.
Pulmonary Tumor Detection by virtue of GLCM

As per the technical evolution and latest trend, Image processing techniques has become a boon in medical domain especially for tumor detection. Presence of tumor in Lungs which leads to lung cancer is a prominent and trivial disease at 18%. This is important to be detected at early stage thereby decreasing the mortality rate. The survival rate among people increased by early diagnosis of lung tumor. Detection of tumor cell will improve the survival rate from 14 to 49%. The aim of this research work is to design a lung tumor detection system based on analysis of microscopic image of biopsy using digital image processing. This can be done using Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM) method and classified using back propagation neural network. This method is used for extracting texture features based on parameters such as contrast, correlation, energy, and homogeneity from the lung nodule. The microscopic lung biopsy images are classified into either cancer or non-cancer class using the artificial neural network algorithm. The proposed system has proven results in lung tumor detection and diagnosis.
Aggressiviness in boys and girls: evaluations made by mothers

Aggressiveness can be defined as any form of behavior intended to hurt a living being. It can be characterized as direct aggression, more common in boys’ behavior, and hostile aggression, more often practiced by girls. Objective: to describe and compare the frequency of direct aggressive behavior in children, considering: gender, age, family economic class and parenting styles. Method: 47 mothers of boys and girls were investigated, who responded to the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 6–18, the Parenting Style Inventory and to the Brazilian Economic Classification Criteria. Results: no differences were found in the manifestation of aggressiveness in the studied variables and a weak negative correlation was found between parenting style and aggressiveness. Conclusions: to understand the development and maintenance of aggressive behaviors in childhood, interactions between environmental, biological, social, cultural, family and historical factors should be considered. The role of father figure, not assessed in this study, during development, is discussed.
3D bioprinting in medicine

3D printing in medicine is usually associated with the production of medical devices such as hip implants and prosthetic limbs. However, new research is applying 3D printing to living cells and proteins, to print new tissues and organs for medical use in a process known as 3D bioprinting. This POSTnote gives an overview of 3D bioprinting and the associated biological, manufacturing, regulatory and ethical implications. Overview
Influence of Co Moment on Magnetic Properties of Co2Sm2W3O14 Tungstate

The Co2Sm2W3O14 compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, and melts congruently at 1443 K. The magnetic measurements showed that Co2Sm2W3O14 is a paramagnet in the temperature range 4.2-225 K showing both the residual magnetic interactions since the paramagnetic Curie-Weiss temperature   0 and the uncompensated temperature independent contributions of magnetic susceptibility since 0  0. The Brillouin fit of the Landé factor revealed an increase of the orbital contribution to the total magnetic moment of the compound what seems to be responsible for its hard and spontaneous magnetization at low temperatures.
Application of Data Mining in Industry in the Transition Era to Industry 4.0: Review

— The era of industry 4.0 is already begun, however, several improvements should be achieved concerning this revolution. Data mining is one of the modest and efficient tools. Based on a specific query entered in Scopus, related to industry 4.0, data mining (DM) and logistics. Selected documents were studied and analyzed. Brief background of industry 4.0 and DM was presented. A generic analysis showed that the attentiveness for the cited subject area by countries, universities, authors and especially companies and manufacturers increased through the years. Content analysis reveals that the improvement quality of the technologies used in manufacturing was noticed; concluding that DM would give industry 4.0 a leap forward, yet research should be dealing with several challenges.