Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analyzing Coping Strategies and Adaptation after Resettlement—Case Study of Ekondo Kondo, Cameroon and Ekondo Kondo Model of Adaptation

This article centrally deals with the resettlement of the Cameroonian village Ekondo Kondo. In the following paper, I present resettlements as catastrophic events for the relocated populations. Research was conducted in the resettled Cameroonian village of Ekondo Kondo. The objectives of the research were to find out what kind of changes and challenges (positive and negative) people faced after relocation, whether these changes and challenges illustrated aspects of adaptation after resettlement which are lacking in the literature, and whether they could be included in the existing models of adaptation after resettlement to provide an enhanced framework for resettlement-linked projects. I demonstrate the consequences of the relocation for women and men. Whereas women developed coping strategies, adapted to the new village (site) 13 years after the relocation, and were able to emancipate themselves, men are still struggling with the relocation’s changes including threats to their former social role as hunters. These results support my argument that the existing adaptation models in the literature do not depict all key challenges the relocated populations have to go through. According to the fieldwork results, there are several adaptation processes in different key areas which do not follow one another or run homogenously but overlap and sometimes happen at the same time and on different levels. Additionally, there are significant gender specific differences which can be depicted in these key areas. Further predispositions of social groups, such as interests or experiences, can influence the processes of coping and adaptation as well. For this reason, I present and introduce the Ekondo Kondo Model of adaptation after relocation, which can be helpful both for difficult adaptation following disasters and adaptation processes when people develop fast coping strategies and get positive results.
Dissecting the Linkages between Variations in Crude Oil Price and Selected Macroeconomic Variables in Nigeria

This study examines the dependency between changes in crude oil price and 15 Nigerian macroeconomic variables. We employ a monthly time series data covering the period from January 2000 to December 2019 and recently refined feasible generalized least square estimator (FGLS) which has the advantage of fixing data problems such as persistency, endogeneity, and heteroscedasticity. The findings of the study shows that oil price changes could substantially predict 10 out of 15 dependent macroeconomic variables, namely all share index, exchange rate, interest rate, inflation, GDP, market capitalization, market capitalization/GDP ratio, net foreign asset, quasi money, and total foreign reserve. 7 out of these 10 significant macroeconomic variables respond to oil price change when the predicting horizon was varied for 4 different periods. However, oil did not substantially predict GDP in the out of sample forecast, but did in 3/4 of the in-sample forecast. Also, the null hypothesis of no predictability applies to the remaining 5 macroeconomic variables, namely, money supply 1, money supply 2, net domestic credit, currency in circulation and demand deposit. We recommend the need for consistent monitoring of oil price behavior by regulators so as to counteract its adverse effects by the use of monetary policy and to also intensify the diversification process of other sectors of the economy.
Compact Bandpass Filter and Diplexer With Wide-Stopband Suppression Based on Balanced Substrate-Integrated Waveguide

A balanced substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) bandpass filter (BPF) is designed and fabricated based on through-quartz-via (TQV) technologies in this article. Sixth-order filtering response centered at 41.4 GHz with equal source and load termination is achieved by the transformation of the Chebyshev polynomial. By exploiting cross-coupled resonators, the 3-dB fractional bandwidth (FBW) achieves 12.1%, and the out-of-band rejection is better than 30 dB with frequencies up to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2f_{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. High CM suppression can be achieved up to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2. 2f_{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with the help of two slots on the bottom metal layer. Based on the theory of the proposed SIW BPF, asymmetric diplexer with different resonance orders for two channels is studied with high isolation and wide stopband. The mixed dual-mode (TE<sub>101</sub> and TE<sub>301</sub>) and single-mode (TE<sub>101</sub>) junction resonators provide a transition between the input port and two channels. Diplexer with lower and upper channels centered at 20.2 and 37.5 GHz, respectively, is fabricated and measured to verify the proposed structure, which exhibits high isolation better than 40 dB over the whole band and a wide stopband up to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3f_{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of the lower channel. Measured results are in good agreement with the simulations.
Barriers to Adopting Technology for Teaching and Learning

The purpose of this chapter is to use a cross-cultural research-based evidence to discuss the root causes of barriers to effective technology adoption by evaluating the effect the teaching environment and the ranges of teacher behaviors have on technology adoption. The author described and explained the change processes that teachers go through as they implement new technologies or instructional practices with a view to connecting the change process, the innovation, and the individuals involved in the process. Two overarching frameworks that guided the author's discussion of this chapter and the behavior engineering model (BEM) and the concerns-based model (CBAM) frameworks.
SHORT COMMUNICATION: Lime-amended acid soil has elevated pH 30 years later

Lime-amended acid soil (a single application in 1963 at rates of 4.5 and 6.7 t ha−1) at Scott, Saskatchewan had pH of 0.5 and 1.1 units higher, respectively, than unlimed soil, when measured more than 30 yr later in 1994. However, no differences in soil-available phosphorus levels and crop yield were detected. Key words: Soil acidity, lime, phosphorus, Brassica rapa L. , Triticum aestivum L.
Mechanism of poly(methyl methacrylate) film formation by pulsed laser deposition

The formation of poly(methyl methacrylate) films during pulsed laser deposition was studied by deposition at different substrate temperatures and by using targets with defined molecular mass and tacticity. At room temperature, the films (deposited from high-molecular weight polymer targets) mainly consist of macromolecules with average molecular masses of about 8000g∕mol. Up to substrate temperatures of 100°C, this average mass remains constant, suggesting the transport of larger polymeric fragments from the target to the substrate surface. This hypothesis is also confirmed by experiments using target material of lower molecular weight and of defined tacticity. At temperatures above 100°C and thus at conditions of enhanced mobility, the substrate molecular weight increases with temperature. The experiments indicate that the films are formed by deposition and reaction of macromolecular species. Radical polymerization of monomers described in the literature as a dominating film formation process plays no si.
Gender, Perpetrator Attractiveness, and Ambivalent Sexism as Predictors of Victim Blaming, Minimization, and Subjective Fear in Stalking Incidents

The aim of this study was to examine how participant gender affected individuals’ perceptions toward stalking and stalking victims. We also explored how the attractiveness of stalking perpetrators impacted perceptions of stalking along with the role of ambivalent sexism. A total of 120 undergraduate students in the research pool were randomly assigned to read one of two stalking scenarios that either portrayed the perpetrator as attractive or non-attractive. Participants completed related measures of victim blame attribution, stal- king minimization, subjective fear, and ambivalent sexism. We performed a 2 × 2 MANOVA, a follow up ANOVA, and a series of multiple regression analyses to test the hypotheses, which were supported. The results revealed that men were more likely to blame the victim, minimize the stalking incident, and feel less subjective fear for the victim than did women. We found that both hostile sexism and benevolent sexism were significant predictors of blaming the victim. Furthermore, hostile sexism was a significant predictor of minimizing the stalking incident and feeling less subjective fear for the victim. Possible explanations for the results and future research directions are discussed.
The Influence of Mismatch-Induced Field on Thin Ferroelectric Film Size Effects

The influence of the mismatch effect on the thin ferroelectric film properties has been studied in phenomenological theory framework. The polarization-dependent part of surface energy was expressed via surface polarization and tension tensor related to mismatch of a substrate and a film lattice constants and thermal expansion coefficients. The interfacial strain caused by the mismatch effect induces the additional surface polarization P m via piezoelectric effect that exists near the surface in any film. P m causes mismatch-induced thickness dependent internal electric field E m which influences drastically all the film properties. In particular the polarization profile and hysteresis loop become asymmetrical, polarization temperature dependence resembles the one in the external electric field, and there is possibility of external field screening by the field E m . The obtained results mak it possible to suppose that mismatch effect could be the physical reason of the ferroelectric phase conservation in ultrathin film.
Strain engineering of AlGaN‐GaN HFETs grown on 3 inch 4H‐SiC

In this work strain evolution during MOVPE of AlGaN/GaN HFET structures on 3 inch SiC substrates is investigated in-situ and related to properties of the initial AlN wetting layer. It is shown that the density of pits on the AlN surface depending on growth conditions influences GaN nucleation and consequential grain coalescence and stress incorporation. Optimization of the strain and material quality of the GaN layer is demonstrated without degrading the semi-insulating properties of the HFET buffer. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Network Parameter Coordinated False Data Injection Attacks Against Power System AC State Estimation

False data injection (FDI) attacks have recently been introduced as an important class of cyber-attacks against power system state estimation. Utilizing vulnerabilities in information systems, attackers can inject well-constructed false data and stealthily misguide results of state estimation. However, only measurements, such as power flows and bus injections, are coordinately modified in FDI attacks, which may result in a larger number of modified measurements in constructing such attacks. In this article, we propose a network parameter coordinated false data injection (NP-FDI) attack to reduce the number of attacked measurements, where expected changes of system states and modifications of network parameters are well coordinated. Analysis of minimal attack set at a single line gives feasible conditions in reducing the number of attacked measurements. A sparse attack strategy is designed to obtain the minimal attack set of the whole grid, which can also be applied to cases with incomplete topology information. An extension to NP-FDI attacks with incomplete line impedance is presented, where the required line impedance can be estimated from local measurements adjacent to the targeted branch. Based on simulations in the IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 118-bus test systems, performance of the proposed NP-FDI attacks on sparsity and stealth are evaluated.
Eurasian Economic Integration and the Possibility of Increasing Serbia's Exports to Russia

Nataša Stanojević1 Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to determine the effects of Serbian participation in the Eurasian economic integration processes on the export to the Russian Federation. The general hypothesis is that these benefits far outweigh the gains provided by the formal aspects of the agreement (customs rates, exemption lists, etc.). These assumptions are proven by statistical analysis and construction of an extended gravity model. The gravity model has determined the effects of several factors on Russia’s imports. These are the size of import markets and the distance from Russia, as common elements, but also dummy variables related to membership in Eurasian integrations, the BRICS and the SCO. The model and coefficients were then applied to the Russian Federation’s imports from Serbia, and the results showed that Serbia’s accession to the EAEU could increase exports to Russia by almost a third. These expected positive effects are not the result of amendments to the agreement, but of the additional opening of a large Russian market to partner countries for the sake of strengthening alliances and influence in these countries.
Covert Communications in Multi-Channel Slotted ALOHA Systems

The fundamental limits of covert communication, where a message is sent from transmitter Alice to intended recipient Bob without detection by an attentive adversary warden Willie, has been considered extensively in recent years at the physical layer. The covert throughput depends critically on the warden's understanding of the characteristics of the radio environment and the type of receiver that he employs, and, as expected, the throughput increases when the warden has some uncertainty about the environment or some non-idealities in his receiver. In this paper, we consider the covert throughput when the adversary is only able to observe the medium access control (MAC) layer in a wireless communication system. In particular, given that the system has a rate of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>λ</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="ghaderi-ieq1-3036022.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> packets per slot transmitted over <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="ghaderi-ieq2-3036022.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> channels by allowable system users, we study the allowable rate <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _a$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:msub><mml:mi>λ</mml:mi><mml:mi>a</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="ghaderi-ieq3-3036022.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> by covert users while maintaining covertness from an attentive warden observing the channel status in a slotted ALOHA system. We characterize performance for wardens with different abilities to discern the number of packets on a given channel, ranging from simple receivers that detect only whether there was a packet present to complicated receivers that can determine the number of packets involved in any collision, and also consider intended recipients Bob with varying abilities to perform multi-packet reception. In contrast to prior work in covert communications, the application considered motivates the consideration of results for finite (often small) observation vector lengths <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="ghaderi-ieq4-3036022.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> at the adversary. Numerical results are provided both to illustrate the tightness of our achievability regions for the packet transmission rate of the covert transmitters and to demonstrate the covert throughput of the system as a function of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>λ</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="ghaderi-ieq5-3036022.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="ghaderi-ieq6-3036022.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>.
More Than Just Screen Time: Children's Sedentary Behaviors at Home and the Interplay of Home Environment Factors

Abstract:Children's sedentary behavior (SB) is associated with various negative health outcomes. Because the home is an important site of children's SB, it is essential to study the correlations between different kinds of SBs in which children engage and home environment factors. This paper studies 7-12-year-old children's home-based SB in a Swedish municipality to understand the amount and correlates of different kinds of SBs, using logistic regression. Results show that children engage in both non-screen and screen-based SBs, all with multiple yet different correlates. The amount of non-screen and screen-based SBs differed by age and gender.
Beyond Poisson–Boltzmann: Images and correlations in the electric double layer. I. Counterions only

The general solution to the zero size mean spherical model is found for an inhomogeneous electrolyte (with specified profile) between charged planar surfaces. The analysis includes the effects of images and correlations. It provides the primary correction to the classical mean field theory of the double layer and allows the error in that theory to be easily estimated over experimental regimes. The relationship between Lifshitz theory and primitive model theories of electrolytes is made explicit. Results obtained for the one component double layer are accurate for systems with low coupling.
Scattering Enhanced Attention Pyramid Network for Aircraft Detection in SAR Images

Aircraft detection in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is a challenging task because of the discreteness, variability, and interference of aircraft scattering features. This article proposes a new hybrid approach of scattering information enhancement (SIE) and an attention pyramid network (APN). It first extracts strong scattering points (SSPs) of aircraft via an adapted Harris–Laplace detector. These SSPs are then clustered into candidate scattering regions by density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) and are then modeled with a Gaussian mixture model (GMM). Target scattering clusters are discriminated from background clutter by measuring the Kullback–Leibler divergence (KLD) to the known target templates. These target scattering clusters are enhanced in the preprocessing stage. All the SIE-preprocessed images are then fed into the APN for training and testing. It is composed of the multiscale feature pyramid network (FPN) and the modified convolutional block attention module (CBAM) to cope with the discreteness and variability of aircraft. In addition, focal loss (FL) is adopted to deal with the issue of unbalanced sample distribution and the interference from hard samples. Experiments conducted on the Gaofen-3 and TerraSAR-X data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method with an average precision (AP) of 83.25%.
Facile Fabrication of MoSe2 on Paper as an Electromechanical Piezoresistive Pressure–Strain Sensor

Over the last decade, the rapid development in health care industry and security has driven innovations in the field of wearable electronics and smart sensors. This report demonstrates the fabrication of molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) by a facile, low-cost and scalable hydrothermal synthesis method followed by a vacuum filter deposition on cellulose paper. The fabricated device is utilized as a pressure and strain sensor. The fabricated device is passivated using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and also, PDMS film enhances the flexibility of the device. The calculated sensitivity of pressure sensor is ~0.3 kPa−1, which is comparable and relatively better than the pressure sensor fabricated using sophisticated techniques. Furthermore, the device exhibited significant of merit for strain sensing with a gauge factor of ~6.84. The fabricated device showed excellent resilience in 500 cycle bending tests, which promises the robustness of the device. As an application, the fabricated sensor is used to develop a wireless keyboard by integrating the sensor on fingertips of an individual and a real-time human motion monitoring application in which the data are transmitted wirelessly to a smartphone with a dedicated android application. The successful fabrication of MoSe2/paper-based cost-effective, flexible, and biodegradable pressure-strain sensor shows tremendous applications in future intelligent user interface systems, human security, and personal health care monitoring.
Nonlinear curvature effects in gravitational waves from inspiralling black hole binaries

Gravitational waves (GWs) from merging black holes allow for unprecedented probes of strong-field gravity. This requires accurate predictions of GWs in extensions of General Relativity. We compute waveforms in a subset of quadratic gravity theories motivated by the low-energy limit of quantum gravity paradigms. Working in the first post-Newtonian approximation, where the new effects of curvature nonlinearities beyond a scalar field first appear, we quantify the impact on the GW phasing and parameter dependence. Our results lay an important foundation for future precision tests of gravity.
Modeling volatile organic contaminants' fate in wastewater treatment plants

The need for the control of volatile organic contaminants (VOCs) has led to the development of a computer‐based suite of mechanistic models collectively known as TOXCHEM, which predicts the fate of VOCs in wastewater treatment plants. TOXCHEM includes both steady‐state and dynamic models, and will predict the location and mass of VOC emissions from several locations within a wastewater treatment installation. Derivations are shown for expressions describing important removal rate coefficients and VOC mass balances for each unit process of a secondary treatment plant. Calibration of the model at pilot scale was conducted, and data from other full‐scale investigations were used to verify the model. It was found that the TOXCHEM models predicted reasonably well and would improve as the true rate coefficients are established. This model has the potential to be an extremely useful tool for wastewater treatment plant engineers and administrators of sewer use regulations.
Multi-Modal Anomaly Detection for Unstructured and Uncertain Environments

To achieve high-levels of autonomy, modern robots require the ability to detect and recover from anomalies and failures with minimal human supervision. Multi-modal sensor signals could provide more information for such anomaly detection tasks; however, the fusion of high-dimensional and heterogeneous sensor modalities remains a challenging problem. We propose a deep learning neural network: supervised variational autoencoder (SVAE), for failure identification in unstructured and uncertain environments. Our model leverages the representational power of VAE to extract robust features from high-dimensional inputs for supervised learning tasks. The training objective unifies the generative model and the discriminative model, thus making the learning a one-stage procedure. Our experiments on real field robot data demonstrate superior failure identification performance than baseline methods, and that our model learns interpretable representations. Videos of our results are available on our website: this https URL .