Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coverage and Handover Analysis of Ultra-Dense Millimeter-Wave Networks With Control and User Plane Separation Architecture

The control and user plane separation (CUPS) architecture becomes more appealing for higher mobility profiles with the densification of networks. Compared with the conventional architecture where the control plane and the user plane are closely coupled, CUPS architecture is envisioned to provide enhancement for networks in a flexible way, e.g., reducing latency on application service, while not affecting the functionality of the existing base stations (BSs). In this paper, we compare the performance of ultra-dense millimeter-wave networks with the CUPS architecture and the conventional architecture. An analytical framework is proposed to study the coverage probability, which takes the propagation characteristic of millimeter wave into consideration. The proposed framework is then simplified in an ultra-dense scenario, where two optimization problems are formulated to achieve the minimum handover cost subject to a certain coverage probability requirement. Numerical results show that the CUPS architecture outperforms the conventional architecture in terms of the coverage probability as well as the handover cost. Moreover, new insights are obtained on the deployment of ultra-dense millimeter-wave networks. To be specific, the handover cost of networks with the conventional architecture can be effectively reduced by adding more macrocell BSs, while it is beneficial to add smaller cell BSs into networks with the CUPS architecture.
Development of Walking Mechanism based on Parallel Link and Rocker Function

The purpose of this study is to suggest a walking mechanism using based on the parallel link and the rocker function. The parallel link of human thigh is derived from the skeletal system and the muscular arrangement constructed with the mono- and bi- articular muscles. The mono- articular muscles work as the joint torque generator, and the bi- articular muscles work as the joint torque transfer function. The rocker functions of the lower leg; heel rocker, ankle rocker, and forefoot rocker work in order to maintain the parallel link. In this mechanism, the anti-gravity properties is satisfied and the driving force is generated while maintaining the human gait. This unique walking mechanism will be useful in the design of bipedal robot or orthoses for walking support.
Solving Electromagnetic Scattering from Microstrip Arrays with Multiple-Traces Surface Integral Equations

In this paper, a new multiple-traces Poggio-Miller-Chang-Harrington-Wu-Tsai (MT-PMCHWT) equation is proposed to simulate the electromagnetic scattering from microstrip structures. Different from traditional EFIE-PMCHWT method, in this new multiple-traces method, the original object can be decomposed into two independent domains i.e., the exterior region (free space) and interior region (microstrip), and Robin transmission conditions (TCs) is enforced on the interface between exterior and interior regions to ensure the continuity of fields. In comparison to the traditional EFIE-PMCHWT, this new MT-PMCHWT has a better convergence property. Because the continuity of fields is ensured by TCs, the exterior and interior regions can be discretized by non-conformal meshes, which improves the flexibility and efficiency of the proposed methods substantially.
An Approximate Model for Near-Field Calculation of Phased Array

This paper presents the application of an effective aperture (EA) model for the near-field (NF) calculation on the main beam axis of a scanned phased array (PA) with arbitrary aperture shape and uniform amplitude distribution. An EA model presents a realistic approximation of PA functioning principles that had earlier been applied for only far-field calculations. The proposed method is based on the scalar wave theory and a representation of a two-dimensional Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral for the field intensity of flat aperture in the form of a one-dimensional parametric integral around the perimeter of the aperture, as obtained by Dubra and Ferrari. The method attempts to simplify the near-field calculations of PA using the general parameters of an antenna. An accuracy analysis of NF simulation results for elliptical and rectangular PA has been completed. The limitations for the minimal NF distance and the maximal scan angle as a function of array dimensions have been obtained. A comparison of the EA results of the NF calculation with NF simulations using electromagnetic software FEKO demonstrates a positive correlation. The method shows that the NF of PA with a scanned beam, as a rule, has greater field intensity in comparison with the broadside direction of radiation at the same distance from the aperture. Therefore, PA presents an increased risk of human exposure and electromagnetic interference in the NF region.
Finding Community Structure of Bayesian Networks by Improved K-Means Algorithm

Many Bayesian networks display community structure; study community structure helps to reduce the complexity of learning Bayesian network in high-dimensional data. To find the community structure of Bayesian networks, this paper proposes an improved K-means algorithm by incorporating the mutual information into the K-means algorithm and modifying the iteration conditions. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm is suitable for block tasks of Bayesian network. Compared with FastNewman algorithm, the proposed algorithm can obtain accurate results in a shorter time.
Facial muscle movements encoding pain—a systematic review

Abstract Facial expressions of pain are not undefined grimaces, but they convey specific information about the internal state of the individual in pain. With this systematic review, we aim to answer the question of which facial movements are displayed most consistently during pain. We searched for studies that used the Facial Action Coding System to analyze facial activity during pain in adults, and that report on distinct facial responses (action units [AUs]). Twenty-seven studies using experimental pain and 10 clinical pain studies were included. We synthesized the data by taking into consideration (1) the criteria used to define whether an AU is pain-related; (2) types of pain; and (3) the cognitive status of the individuals. When AUs were selected as being pain-related based on a “pain > baseline” increase, a consistent subset of pain-related AUs emerged across studies: lowering the brows (AU4), cheek raise/lid tightening (AUs6_7), nose wrinkling/raising the upper lip (AUs9_10), and opening of the mouth (AUs25_26_27). This subset was found independently of the cognitive status of the individuals and was stable across clinical and experimental pain with only one variation, namely that eye closure (AU43) occurred more frequently during clinical pain. This subset of pain-related facial responses seems to encode the essential information about pain available in the face. However, given that these pain-related AUs are most often not displayed all at once, but are differently combined, health care professionals should use a more individualized approach, determining which pain-related facial responses an individual combines and aggregates to express pain, instead of erroneously searching for a uniform expression of pain.
Collagen triple helix repeat containing-1: a novel biomarker associated with disease activity in Systemic lupus erythematosus

Objective The objective of this article is to investigate whether the aberrant expression of collagen triple helix repeat containing-1 (CTHRC1) from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) could contribute to the pathogenesis of lupus. Methods We divided SLE patients into active groups (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score ≥ 6) and inactive groups (SLEDAI score < 6). Serum concentrations of CTHRC1, interferon alpha, interleukin (IL)-28A and IL-28B were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in a group of 40 patients with SLE. Results were compared with those from 23 healthy controls. Results Serum CTHRC1 protein levels were higher in patients with SLE compared with healthy controls. Patients with active disease displayed higher CTHRC1 levels compared with those with inactive disease as well. There was a positive association between serum CTHRC1 levels and SLEDAI and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and a negative correlation with complement 3 and 4. Moreover, serum CTHRC1 levels were higher in SLE patients with arthritis and anemia compared with patients without the above-mentioned manifestations. Conclusions These findings indicate CTHRC1 probably plays an important part in the pathogenesis of SLE, and is positively associated with disease activity, while it also likely refers to the development of arthritis and anemia in SLE. Therefore, CTHRC1 may provide a novel research target and shed new light on the pathogenesis and therapy of SLE.
Steady-State Electrical Modeling of LED and CF Bulb Lamps Under Variable Voltage on the Main

Industrial interest is directed towards the development of Light-emitting diode (LED) and compact fluorescent (CF) lamps. Their electrical models are very useful for the design of a lighting system because they enable to design the power systems and to compare the efficiency of different solutions. In this perspective, it is useful to analyze the behavior of the lamps as a consequence of the variation of the supply voltage in order to find a circuit model able in emulating the absorbed current. Therefore, some LED and CF lamps have been tested under variable voltage, and their LT Spice model has been obtained. The experimental evidence suggests that using a constant interpolation for the current data provides results similar to the linear one for CF. For many LED lamps it is necessary the use of linear interpolation for obtaining an error comparable with CF lamps, while constant interpolation usually provides poor estimation of the performance.
Combining multi-OMICs information to identify key-regulator genes for pleiotropic effect on fertility and production traits in beef cattle

The identification of biological processes related to the regulation of complex traits is a difficult task. Commonly, complex traits are regulated through a multitude of genes contributing each to a small part of the total genetic variance. Additionally, some loci can simultaneously regulate several complex traits, a phenomenon defined as pleiotropy. The lack of understanding on the biological processes responsible for the regulation of these traits results in the decrease of selection efficiency and the selection of undesirable hitchhiking effects. The identification of pleiotropic key-regulator genes can assist in developing important tools for investigating biological processes underlying complex traits. A multi-breed and multi-OMICs approach was applied to study the pleiotropic effects of key-regulator genes using three independent beef cattle populations evaluated for fertility traits. A pleiotropic map for 32 traits related to growth, feed efficiency, carcass and meat quality, and reproduction was used to identify genes shared among the different populations and breeds in pleiotropic regions. Furthermore, data-mining analyses were performed using the Cattle QTL database (CattleQTLdb) to identify the QTL category annotated in the regions around the genes shared among breeds. This approach allowed the identification of a main gene network (composed of 38 genes) shared among breeds. This gene network was significantly associated with thyroid activity, among other biological processes, and displayed a high regulatory potential. In addition, it was possible to identify genes with pleiotropic effects related to crucial biological processes that regulate economically relevant traits associated with fertility, production and health, such as MYC, PPARG, GSK3B, TG and IYD genes. These genes will be further investigated to better understand the biological processes involved in the expression of complex traits and assist in the identification of functional variants associated with undesirable phenotypes, such as decreased fertility, poor feed efficiency and negative energetic balance.
Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome: summary of a Cochrane systematic review

Dry eye disease is a disorder of the tear film associated with ocular signs and symptoms. Punctal occlusion aids the preservation of natural tears. We conducted a Cochrane systematic review to assess the effectiveness of punctal plugs for managing dry eye. Randomised and quasi-randomised trials were included. The primary outcome was symptomatic improvement (SI) at 2–12 months. Nine databases were searched with no date or language restrictions. Two authors assessed trial quality and extracted data. Summary risk ratios and mean differences were calculated. Ten trials were included. In two trials of punctal plugs versus observation, there was less dryness with punctal plugs. The mean difference (MD) in the dry eye symptom score at 2 months was −28.20 points (95% CI –33.61 to −22.79, range 0 to 105, one trial). Three trials compared punctal plugs with artificial tears. In a pooled analysis of two trials, punctal plug participants reported more SI at 3 months than artificial tear participants (MD −4.20 points, 95% CI −5.87 to −2.53, scales varied from 0 to 6). In the remaining five trials comparing punctal plug placement, acrylic and silicone plugs, or comparing plugs with cyclosporine or pilocarpine, none of the investigators reported a clinically or statistically meaningful difference in symptomatic improvement at 2–12 months. The effectiveness of punctal plugs for treating dry eye symptoms and common signs are inconclusive. Heterogeneity in the type of punctal plug, type and severity of dry eye being treated, and trial methodology confounds the ability to make decisive statements regarding the effectiveness of punctal plugs.
A Method for Dynamic Measurement of Trucks' Fuel Consumption

With the continuous deterioration of the global environment, energy conservation and emission reduction has become a common development strategy of all countries in the world. The control of energy consumption and emission in the field of transportation is an important way to promote the energy saving and emission reduction of the whole society. Monitoring the accurate energy consumption and emission of vehicles is the key premise to realize the energy saving and emission reduction of transportation. At present, it is a technical difficulty to measure the actual fuel consumption of trucks. The traditional method of estimating oil consumption of trucks is of low precision, so an optimized method for dynamic measurement of trucks' oil consumption was put forward in this paper. This method does not need to refit the trucks, but precisely calibrate the oil volume and deeply analyze the collected dynamic data, so as to significantly improve the measurement accuracy of trucks' fuel consumption.
A CPW-fed Monopole Antenna with U-Slots for Triple Band Application

A miniaturized CPW-fed circularly polarized monopole antenna with U slots is presented. The proposed antenna comprises of rectangular patch with U slots over the patch surface and over the feed line which generates three separate impedance bandwidths for triple band application. The rectangular patch is surrounded with upper and lower ground plates interconnected with two strips. The proposed antenna resonates at three frequencies namely 2.3 GHz, 3.6 GHz and 5.0 GHz. The proposed antenna is designed on FR-4 substrate with dielectric constant $\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}_{\mathbf{r}}=4.4$ and thickness of 1.6 mm. The antenna is designed using commercially available ANSYS HFSS software. The prototype of the antenna has been developed and measured results of return loss and radiation pattern has been plotted. The measured and simulated results show good agreement. The maximum measured gain of around 2.8 dB is observed. Dipole like radiation patterns in V- and H-plane at all the three frequency bands are obtained and the developed triple band antenna can be used for Wi-Fi/WLAN/WiMAX applications.
A New Two Separate Rotor Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Motor; Analysis and Performance Comparison

Increasing the influence of electrical motor drives in various applications especially in the transportation industry, have led to the growing use of permanent magnet motors because of its many advantages, such as high gain, more power and torque density. In order to improve the performance of these drives in a different load conditions, introducing new structures with greater flexibility and capability is highly felt. This paper studied changes in the mechanical structure of double sided disc type permanent magnetic motor, so that two rotor discs can have independent bearing and axis. The performance results of the simulations presented in this paper shows that new structure motor with two degrees of freedom dynamic can rotate two different loads at equal velocities without encountering stability problems. It is expected that this new structure with flexible feature in the management of the mechanical load of each axle, without having a significant impact on the functional characteristics of the motor, will lead to increasing the usages of this motor.
A Secure Transmission Scheme Based on Artificial Fading for Wireless CrowdSensing Networks

For secure transmission of low cost single antenna communication nodes in wireless crowdsensing networks under static channel, a physical layer communication scheme is proposed, where each digital modulated symbol is encrypted by a random key at the transmitter and decrypted with the same key at the receiver. The legal users exploit the synchronized chaotic sequence and the two-stage block interleaver to generate a complex random variable (random key), whereby its envelope obeys the Rayleigh distribution and its phase obeys the uniformly distribution. The modulated symbol is multiplied by the complex random variable (encryption) to imitate the Rayleigh fading of the channel at the transmitting end. The received symbol is divided by the identical complex random variable (decryption) to recover the transmitted message before the digital demodulation at the receiving end. Simulation results show that the bit error ratio (BER) performance of the legitimate users is consistent with the theoretical value of the Rayleigh fading channel, while the corresponding BER of the eavesdropper is too high (about 0.5) to intercept any information.
Accurate Position Detection in Wireless Power Transfer Using Magnetoresistive Sensors for Implant Applications

This paper proposes and implements an accurate position detection method in wireless power transfer (WPT) for implant applications. Since the technique of WPT via magnetic resonant coupling makes it possible to non-invasively supply electricity for implants from an external tramsitter, an accurate position detection of an invisible receiver from the external transmitter is highly desirable to enhance the transfer efficiency and reduce the magnetic leakage. The magnetoresistive (MR) sensor has been widely used to detect the magnetic field variation due to its low power consumption and high accuracy. In this paper, the compact-in-size MR sensor array in plane with the transmitter is developed to directly detect the magnetic field variation caused by the coil misalignment. Thus, definite advantages of efficient and compact position detection in WPT for implants can be achieved. Since the computation process is straightforward, the coil-misalignment position can be intuitively and easily determined by analyzing the output amplitude of MR sensors.
A Model for Glomerular Filtration Rate Assessment in Liver Disease (GRAIL) in the Presence of Renal Dysfunction

Estimation of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with liver disease is suboptimal in the presence of renal dysfunction. We developed a model for GFR assessment in liver disease (GRAIL) before and after liver transplantation (LT). GRAIL was derived using objective variables (creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, age, gender, race, and albumin) to estimate GFR based on timing of measurement relative to LT and degree of renal dysfunction ( www.bswh.md/grail ). The measured GFR (mGFR) by iothalamate clearance (n = 12,122, 1985‐2015) at protocol time points before/after LT was used as reference. GRAIL was compared with the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD‐EPI) and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD‐4, MDRD‐6) equations for mGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2. Prediction of development of chronic kidney disease (mGFR < 20 mL/min/1.73 m2, initiation of chronic dialysis) and listing or receipt of kidney transplantation within 5 years was examined in internal cohort (n = 785) and external validation (n = 68,217, 2001‐2015). GRAIL had less bias and was more accurate and precise as compared with CKD‐EPI, MDRD‐4, and MDRD‐6 at time points before/after LT for low GFR. For mGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2, the median difference (eGFR–mGFR) was GRAIL: 5.24 (9.65) mL/min/1.73 m2 as compared with CKD‐EPI: 8.70 (18.24) mL/min/1.73 m2, MDRD‐4: 8.82 (17.38) mL/min/1.73 m2, and MDRD‐6: 6.53 (14.42) mL/min/1.73 m2. Before LT, GRAIL correctly classified 75% as having mGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 versus 36.1% (CKD‐EPI), 36.1% (MDRD‐4), and 52.8% (MDRD‐6) (P < 0.01). An eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 by GRAIL predicted development of CKD (26.9% versus 4.6% CKD‐EPI, 5.9% MDRD‐4, and 10.5% MDRD‐6) in center data and needing kidney after LT (48.3% versus 22.0% CKD‐EPI versus 23.1% MDRD‐4 versus 48.3% MDRD‐6, P < 0.01) in national data within 5 years after LT. Conclusion: GRAIL may serve as an alternative model to estimate GFR among patients with liver disease before and after LT at low GFR.
AI Blue Book: Vehicle Price Prediction using Visual Features

In this work, we build a series of machine learning models to predict the price of a product given its image, and visualize the features that result in higher or lower price predictions. We collect two novel datasets of product images and their MSRP prices for this purpose: a bicycle dataset and a car dataset. We set baselines for price regression using linear regression on histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) and convolutional neural network (CNN) features, and a baseline for price segment classification using a multiclass SVM. For our main models, we train several deep CNNs using both transfer learning and our own architectures, for both regression and classification. We achieve strong results on both datasets, with deep CNNs significantly outperforming other models in a variety of metrics. Finally, we use several recently-developed methods to visualize the image features that result in higher or lower prices.
Optimizing Graph Algorithms in Asymmetric Multicore Processors

Asymmetric multicore processors (AMP) fall under a special subcategory of modern-day heterogeneous multicore architectures with different participating core types executing a common instruction set architecture. The innate asymmetry in the performance of different cores in AMPs poses interesting challenges. Irregular workloads, such as graph algorithms, intensify these challenges as the parallel workloads in these algorithms cannot be precisely characterized at compile time. In this paper, we propose a framework named scheduler for irregular AMPs, which optimizes the efficiency of the given AMP system for a given algorithm-graph pair by optimizing the graph representation and using a predictor to find the optimal configurations to run the algorithm-graph pair. The optimization is performed in two stages: 1) finding an optimal graph representation and 2) finding an optimal hardware configuration to run the input algorithm-graph pair. We have tested the efficiency of our system on five different graph algorithms over eight real-world and synthetic graphs. On an average, we see 42.82% improvement in energy delay product over the base case.