Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of energy and cost savings in mobile Cloud RAN

The load in mobile networks is subject to variations during the day, due to user mobility and varying network average usage. Therefore, the traditional or Distributed Radio Access Network (D-RAN) architecture, where the BaseBand processing Units (BBUs) are assigned statically to a number of cells, is sub optimal, comparing to a novel, cloud based architecture called Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN). In C-RAN a group of cells shares processing resources, and hence benefit from statistical multiplexing gain is expected. In this paper, the energy and cost savings in C-RAN are evaluated numerically using OPNET Modeler. A real case scenario is built upon the mobile traffic forecast for year 2017, a number of recommendations on traffic models and a proposed C-RAN implementation. The results achieved show that the maximum statistical multiplexing gain for user plane traffic in C-RAN architecture is 4 compared to a traditional and D-RAN architecture.
Pathways of basal meltwater from Antarctic ice shelves: A model study†

We investigate spreading pathways of basal meltwater released from all Antarctic ice shelves using a circumpolar coupled ice shelf-sea ice-ocean model that reproduces major features of the Southern Ocean circulation, including the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). Several independent virtual tracers are used to identify detailed pathways of basal meltwaters. The spreading pathways of the meltwater tracers depend on formation sites, because the meltwaters are transported by local ambient ocean circulation. Meltwaters from ice shelves in the Weddell and Amundsen-Bellingshausen Seas in surface/subsurface layers are effectively advected to lower latitudes with the ACC. Although a large portion of the basal meltwaters is present in surface and subsurface layers, a part of the basal meltwaters penetrates into the bottom layer through active dense water formation along the Antarctic coastal margins. The signals at the seafloor extend along the topography, showing a horizontal distribution similar to the observed spreading of Antarctic Bottom Water. Meltwaters originating from ice shelves in the Weddell and Ross Seas and in the Indian sector significantly contribute to the bottom signals. A series of numerical experiments in which thermodynamic interaction between the ice shelf and ocean is neglected regionally demonstrates that the basal meltwater of each ice shelf impacts sea ice and/or ocean thermohaline circulation in the Southern Ocean.
Evaluation of tangible user interfaces for command and control in virtual environments

One of the difficulties that arise in trying to navigate through or interact with a 3D virtual environment is the fact that the standard 2D mouse with only two degrees of freedom does not lend itself to being used effectively where six degrees of motion are possible. Through the use of both a mouse and keyboard, one is able to interact in three degrees but never in all six at the same time, thus making interaction cumbersome at best. We test out a series of both commercial-off-the-shelf and in-house prototype tangible user interfaces (TUIs) to characterize multiple interaction methods within a virtual environment for command and control applications. Various aspects of navigation, including moving through the virtual world, as well as directly manipulating the world itself, are compared. We attempt to determine which interfaces are most appropriate for specific types of command and control tasks. We conclude with recommendations for the use of TUIs as well as ideas for future research.
Collocationality (and how to measure it)

Collocation is increasingly recognised as a central aspect of language, a fact that English learners' dictionaries have responded to extensively. Statistical measures for identifying collocations in large corpora are now well-established. We move on to a further issue: which words have a particularly strong tendency to occur in collocations, or are most 'collocational', and thereby merit having their collocates shown in dictionaries. We propose a measure of collocationality based on entropy, as defined in Information Theory. We describe experiments to find the most collocational words in the British National Corpus, present results with the most collocational nouns and verbs in relation to the grammatical relation OBJECT, and compare the results to collocational words identified in Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners.
Evidence for Inequality of Opportunities. A Cohort Analysis for Chile

In this paper we estimate the impact of inequality of opportunity on inequality of income in the Chilean economy. We focus on the distribution of individual labor income. It is found that the share of overall inequality which is due to inequality of opportunities is relatively high in Chile, but the degree of overall inequality is lower than in other countries in the region. It is also found that fathers education is the circumstance that contributes the most to inequality of income in Chile. This variable is likely to be highly correlated with parental household income, which is a key determinant in the formation of early human capital through its impact on nutrition, health and education. We also conduct a cohort analysis to study the impact of opportunities on labor income inequality in three groups of workers : those that are 25-34, 35-44 and 45-54 years old. We found that overall inequality increases with the age of the cohort and that the absolute contribution of opportunity in income inequality also increases with the age of the cohort. That the share of opportunity in income inequality is particularly low in the youngest cohort, may be associated to a more even playing eld resulting from the introduction of opportunity equalizing policies in the last decades. Further evidence for this latter hypothesis is provided by decomposing the change in inequality across cohorts based on changes on circumstance endowments and returns, based on the methodology introduced by Juhn, Murphy and Pierce (1994). Centro de Microdatos, Universidad de Chile yPNUD y Universidad de Chile zCentro de Microdatos, Universidad de Chile xCentro de Microdatos, Depto de Economia, Universidad de Chile {Contreras, D. , Puentes, E. and Rau, T. gratefully acknowledge the funding of Iniciativa Cient¬ ca Milenio to the Centro de Microdatos (Project P07S-023-F)
Dysbiosis, Probiotics, Synbiotics and Human Health

The manuscript aims to project handy information on intricacies and interwoven of the ecosystem of gut-dysbiosis, and probiotics and synbiotics, with human health. Information collected from diverse source including databases. Presented information might insight and paves the way for better management of human health with probiotics and synbiotics therapy, in diverse domain.
Effects of environmental warming during early life history on libellulid odonates

Climate warming affects ectotherms globally, yet we know little regarding the variability in species’ responses to warming, particularly in early life stages. Additionally, intraspecific variation in response to warming is understudied but may determine species’ resilience to warming. To assess how temperature affects egg development rate in co-occurring dragonfly species, we manipulated temperature (range: 22–31 °C) and measured time to hatching. Warming decreased egg development time across all species, indicating that while climate warming will advance hatching phenology, maintained synchrony in hatching order will likely not affect species interactions. Our second experiment examined early life-history responses to warming in the dot-tailed whiteface (Leucorrhinia intacta (Hagen, 1861)) dragonfly. We measured time to hatching, hatchling size, growth rate, and survival at four temperatures (23–30 °C), including a treatment with increased thermal variation. Warming resulted in smaller hatchlings with in.
The importance of freshwater systems to the net atmospheric exchange ofcarbon dioxide and methane with a rapidly changing high Arctic watershed

Abstract. A warming climate is rapidly changing the distribution and exchanges of carbon within high Arctic ecosystems. Few data exist, however, which quantify exchange of both carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) between the atmosphere and freshwater systems, or estimate freshwater contributions to total catchment exchange of these gases, in the high Arctic. During the summers of 2005 and 2007–2012, we quantified CO2 and CH4 concentrations in, and atmospheric exchange with, common freshwater systems in the high Arctic watershed of Lake Hazen, Nunavut, Canada. We identified four types of biogeochemically distinct freshwater systems in the watershed; however mean CO2 concentrations (21–28 µmol L−1) and atmospheric exchange (−0.013 to +0.046 g C–CO2 m−2 day−1) were similar between these systems. Seasonal flooding of ponds bordering Lake Hazen generated considerable CH4 emissions to the atmosphere (+0.008 g C–CH4 m−2 day−1), while all other freshwater systems were minimal emitters of this gas (
Complementation of Deletion and Insertion Mutants of TOL Plasmid pWW0: Regulatory Implications and Location of xylC Gene

Summary: Two spontaneous mutant plasmids of TOL plasmid pWW0 are described. pWW0-660 contains an 18 kbp deletion of the entire xylCAB operon and pWW0-673 has a 3.4 kbp insert in the operator-promoter (OP1) region of xylCAB. In Pseudomonas putida hosts containing either plasmid, m-xylene was unable to act as a growth substrate or as an inducer of enzymes of the xylCAB or of the xylDLEGF operons. Complementation of these strains with a recombinant plasmid pWW0-3006 carrying the HindIII region D (HD) of pWW0 restored the Mxy+ phenotype and the ability of m-xylene to induce the xylDLEGF operon. The cloned HD region had no regulatory function but carried the OP1 region, the entire xylC structural gene and sufficient of xylA to support growth on m-xylene. XylC was more precisely located on a 1.9 kbp Sa/I subclone of the HD region. Comparison of the roles of m-xylene and m-methylbenzyl alcohol as inducers shows they are not equivalent and that whereas m-xylene can induce only xylCAB, m-methylbenzyl alcohol can induce both xylCAB and xylDLEGF. The restoration of the induction of xylDLEGF by m-xylene is due to the presence of xylA on the recombinant pWW0-3006, converting m-xylene to m-methylbenzyl alcohol.
Radio synchrotron spectra of star-forming galaxies

The radio continuum spectra of 14 star-forming galaxies are investigated by fitting nonthermal (synchrotron) and thermal (free-free) radiation laws. The underlying radio continuum measurements cover a frequency range of ~325 MHz to 24.5 GHz (32 GHz in case of M82). It turns out that most of these synchrotron spectra are not simple power-laws, but are best represented by a low-frequency spectrum with a mean slope alpha_nth = 0.59 +/- 0.20 (S_nu ~ nu^-alpha), and by a break or an exponential decline in the frequency range of 1 - 12 GHz. Simple power-laws or mildly curved synchrotron spectra lead to unrealistically low thermal flux densities, and/or to strong deviations from the expected optically thin free-free spectra with slope alpha_th = 0.10 in the fits. The break or cutoff energies are in the range of 1.5 - 7 GeV. We briefly discuss the possible origin of such a cutoff or break. If the low-frequency spectra obtained here reflect the injection spectrum of cosmic-ray electrons, they comply with the mean spectral index of Galactic supernova remnants. A comparison of the fitted thermal flux densities with the (foreground-corrected) Halpha fluxes yields the extinction, which increases with metallicity. The fraction of thermal emission is higher than believed hitherto, especially at high frequencies, and is highest in the dwarf galaxies of our sample, which we interpret in terms of a lack of containment in these low-mass systems, or a time effect caused by a very young starburst.
Hemangioma of the Prepuce

Hemangiomas (angiomas) are benign tumors of blood and lymphatic vessels commonly found in infants and children. They are usually superficial in nature, localized, and commonly involve the head or neck, although up to one-third may be seen in the liver. Total or partial regression of these lesions occurs in the majority of cases before puberty. Rarely has hemangiomas of the foreskin been described.
Identifying interacting ligands of human RORγ using transgenic zebrafish

The retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma, or RORγ, is a member of the nuclear receptor ROR family and its activity can be regulated by the binding of ligands. Our lab has developed an in vivo GFP reporter system, the ‘Ligand Trap’ system, that can be incorporated into the zebrafish genome to identify ligands that target RORγ. I have performed a drug screen, using human RORγ Ligand Trap zebrafish, against a compound library that includes around 4000 natural compounds and approved drugs. 20 hits were identified in the screen, with an antagonist chosen for further characterization: echinocystic acid (EA). Studies were performed to show that EA acts as an antagonist of RORγ by binding to RORγ to inhibit transcription of RORγ target genes. In the future, EA can be used to identify ligand specific cofactors and target genes that are associated with RORγ.
Revegetating Russian Knapweed (Acroptilon Repens) Infestations Using Morphologically Diverse Species and Seedbed Preparation

Abstract Highly degraded pastures and rangeland dominated by Russian knapweed (Acroptilon repens [L.] DC) are often devoid of desirable plants. Control efforts may be ephemeral because propagules of desirable species are not available to reoccupy niches made available by control procedures. Establishing desirable, competitive plants is essential for enduring management and restoration of Russian knapweed and other weed-infested plant communities. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of revegetating Russian knapweed–infested pastures with 3 nonnative, morphologically diverse species following 1 of 3 seedbed preparation treatments. In successive years, at 2 similar sites in southeastern Oregon, we sprayed Russian knapweed with glyphosate, then prepared the seedbed by burning, tilling, or leaving untreated. Following seedbed preparation, we seeded a perennial forb (alfalfa [Medicago sativa L.]), a bunchgrass (Siberian wheatgrass [Agropyron fragile {Roth} P. Candargy subsp. sibericum {Willd.} Melderis]), and a sod-forming grass (pubescent wheatgrass [Elytrigia intermedia {Host} Nevski subsp. trichophora {Link} Tvzel]) in monocultures and 2- and 3-species mixtures. We measured Russian knapweed and seeded-species density 1 and 2 years following seeding. The forb-seeding treatment decreased reinvasion of Russia knapweed by 50%–60% at 1 site, but otherwise, seeding treatment had little influence on total seeded-species density or Russian knapweed density. Tilling generally resulted in a 35%–40% reduction in Russian knapweed density compared with the control and resulted in the highest establishment of seeded species. Variability in annual precipitation appeared to influence seeded-species establishment between the sites. Our results suggest shallow tilling (10–15 cm) followed by drill-seeding desirable forbs and grasses may provide the best results when revegetating Russian knapweed infestations. Follow-up management should include strategies to enhance desirable species production while minimizing Russian knapweed reinvasion.
A model-based solution for fault diagnosis of thruster faults: Application to the rendezvous phase of the Mars Sample Return mission

This paper addresses the design of model-based fault diagnosis schemes to detect and isolate faults occurring in the orbiter thrusters of the Mars Sample Return (MSR) mission. The proposed fault diagnosis method is based on aH(0) ¦lter with robust poles assignment to detect quickly any kind of thruster faults and a cross-correlation test to isolate them. Simu⎛ ⎝ ∞ −∞ ⎞ ⎠ < ∞ .
Prototype of a Multi-Robot System for Autonomous Gas Mapping in Polluted Environments

The need of environmental monitoring robots is imposed by nowadays trends related to sustainability – towards protecting the environment and the human factor. This research received a great amount of focus in the past years. The directions of study in this area of research will be overviewed in the next lines. They are varied and range from robots designed to monitor ammonia pollution near animal farms to robots which search for unexploded ordinance, or sources of leaks from pipes and tanks, and even to a collecting and segregating garbage robot which also monitors pollution while performing its other tasks. This paper describes a novel system that aims to explore dangerous sites (old mines, chemical plants, etc), where an autonomous ground robot and a micro unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) are sent together to map the area in order to detect toxic gases. The new approach proposes a multi-robot architecture which uses a multi-sensor gas detection measurement unit which uses a Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) algorithm for 3D autonomous gas mapping. Current research is trying to shift the use of robots for gas detection from indoor environments towards the outdoors. There can be found several research directions with applications based on ecological robots.
Alma Observations of Massive Molecular Gas Filaments Encasing Radio Bubbles in the Phoenix Cluster

We report new ALMA observations of the CO(3-2) line emission from the molecular gas reservoir in the central galaxy of the Phoenix cluster. The cold molecular gas is fueling a vigorous starburst at a rate of and powerful black hole activity in the forms of both intense quasar radiation and radio jets. The radio jets have inflated huge bubbles filled with relativistic plasma into the hot, X-ray atmospheres surrounding the host galaxy. The ALMA observations show that extended filaments of molecular gas, each long with a mass of several billion solar masses, are located along the peripheries of the radio bubbles. The smooth velocity gradients and narrow line widths along each filament reveal massive, ordered molecular gas flows around each bubble, which are inconsistent with gravitational free-fall. The molecular clouds have been lifted directly by the radio bubbles, or formed via thermal instabilities induced in low-entropy gas lifted in the updraft of the bubbles. These new data provide compelling evidence for close coupling between the radio bubbles and the cold gas, which is essential to explain the self-regulation of feedback. The very feedback mechanism that heats hot atmospheres and suppresses star formation may also paradoxically stimulate production of the cold gas required to sustain feedback in massive galaxies.
The Use of Body Language in Jordanian Cartoons: A Semiotic analysis

This paper presents a semiotic analysis of visuals used in 10 Jordanian cartoons. The cartoons, which were drawn by a number of cartoonists, were collected from online and print media sources. The visuals were examined using the Barthes’ (1967) model of signs, which provides a model for analyzing the connotative meanings communicated by the visuals. The results showed the connotative meaning revealed through the use of body language.
Accurate range estimation for an electric vehicle including changing environmental conditions and traction system efficiency

Range anxiety is an obstacle to the acceptance of electric vehicles (EVs), caused by drivers’ uncertainty regarding their vehicle's state of charge (SoC) and the energy required to reach their destination. Most estimation methods for these variables use simplified models with many assumptions that can result in significant error, particularly if dynamic and environmental conditions are not considered. For example, the combined efficiency of the inverter drive and electric motor varies throughout the route and is not constant as assumed in most range estimation methods. This study proposes an improved method for SoC and range estimation by taking into account location-dependent environmental conditions and time-varying drive system losses. To validate the method, an EV was driven along a selected route and the measured EV battery SoC at the destination was compared with that predicted by the algorithm. The results demonstrated excellent accuracy in the SoC and range estimation, which should help alleviate range anxiety.
Sex ratio, reproductive mode and genetic diversity in Triops cancriformis

SUMMARY 1. Aquatic invertebrates display a wide array of alternative reproductive modes from apomixis to hermaphroditism and cyclical parthenogenesis. These have important effects on genetic diversity and population structure. Populations of the ‘living fossil’ Triops cancriformis display a range of sex ratios, and various reproductive modes are thought to underlie this variation. Using sex ratio information and histological analyses European populations have been inferred to be gonochoric (with separate males and females), selfing hermaphroditic and androdioecious, a rare reproductive mode in which selfing hermaphrodites coexist with variable proportions of males. In addition, some populations have been described as meiotic parthenogens. 2. Here we use population genetic analysis using microsatellite loci in populations with a range of sex ratios including a gonochoric population, and marker segregation patterns in heterozygote individuals reared in isolation, to clarify the reproductive mode in this species. 3. Our data show that populations in general have very low levels of genetic diversity. Non-gonochoric populations show lower genetic diversity, more heterozygote deficiencies, higher inbreeding coefficients and stronger linkage disequilibria than the gonochoric population. The maintenance of some heterozygosity in populations is consistent with some male influence in T. cancriformis populations, as would be expected from an androdioecious reproductive system. Results of marker segregation in eggs produced in isolation from non-gonochoric populations indicate that meiosis occurs and are consistent with two reproductive modes: selfing hermaphroditism and a type of ameiotic parthenogenesis. 4. Overall, our data indicate that androdioecy and selfing hermaphroditism are the most likely reproductive modes of non-gonochoric European Triops populations. Triops populations are strongly structured, suggesting high genetic drift and low levels of gene flow.
A Linear Approximate Algorithm for Earth Mover's Distance with Thresholded Ground Distance

Effective and efficient image comparison plays a vital role in content-based image retrieval (CBIR). The earth mover’s distance (EMD) is an enticing measure for image comparison, offering intuitive geometric interpretation and modelling the human perceptions of similarity. Unfortunately, computing EMD, using the simplex method, has cubic complexity. FastEMD, based on min-cost flow, reduces the complexity to (O()). Although both methods can obtain the optimal result, the high complexity prevents the application of EMD on large-scale image datasets. Thresholding the ground distance can make EMD faster and more robust, since it can decrease the impact of noise and reduce the range of transportation. In this paper, we present a new image distance metric, , which applies a threshold to the ground distance. To compute , the FastEMD approach can be employed. We also propose a novel linear approximation algorithm. Our algorithm achieves complexity with the benefit of qualified bins. Experimental results show that (1) our method is 2 to 3 orders of magnitude faster than EMD (computed by FastEMD) and 2 orders of magnitude faster than FastEMD and (2) the precision of our approximation algorithm is no less than the precision of FastEMD.