Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
All-optical cooling of K 39 to Bose-Einstein condensation

We report the all-optical production of Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) of $^{39}\mathrm{K}$ atoms. We directly load $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{7}$ atoms in a large volume optical dipole trap from gray molasses on the D1 transition. We then apply a small magnetic quadrupole field to polarize the sample before transferring the atoms in a tightly confining optical trap. Evaporative cooling is finally performed close to a Feshbach resonance to enhance the scattering length. Our setup allows one to cross the BEC threshold with $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}$ atoms every 7 s. As an illustration of the interest of the tunability of the interactions we study the expansion of Bose-Einstein condensates in the one-dimensional to three-dimensional crossover.
O petroleo é nosso: avaliação do potencial região do Urucu-AM e principais desafios.

A descoberta de petroleo e gas na regiao do Amazonas data do inicio do seculo passado. A exploracao propriamente dita ocorre anos mais tarde por empresas estatais. Ao longo desse periodo o pais desenvolveu novas tecnologias de extracao, refino e de producao de petroleo e gas. O conhecimento do potencial existente em solo e mar nacionais tambem foram estudados e analisados assim como as formas de extracao desse ouro negro” sem que isso implicasse em danos ambientais, sociais e economicos. O referido artigo fara uma avaliacao do potencial petrolefero e de gas existentes na regiao do amazonas tendo como estudo de caso a regiao de Urucu. A ideia e desmistificar por meio de dados estatisticos e fatos historicos esse potencial e compara-lo com outras regioes produtoras do pais. Os resultados revelam que a Amazonica possui um grande potencial na producao de petroleo e gas. Os desafios sao enormes no que tange a preservacao do bioma e de especies raras existentes na Amazonia. Por outro laod o pais amadureceu seu ordenamento juridico que trata sobre a exploracao das atividades de petroleo e gas e de controle ambiental.
EFFECTIVE EXTRACTION OF POLYPHENOLS AND PROANTHOCYANIDINS FROM POMEGRANATE ’ S PEEL Research

Pomegranate peels (Punica granatum) are usually discarded as waste even a significant portion of polyphenols are often present in high concentrations in the outer parts of fruits. The objective of this study was to establish an extraction procedure for polyphenols and proanthocyanidins from pomegranate’s peels (PMP), and to assess their potential radical scavenging activity. Water extraction efficiency at extraction temperature of 20 to 90 °C and extraction times of 5 to 60 min were studied. The recovery of polyphenols and proanthocyanidins was the highest at 50°C for 20 min. Water gave the highest extract yield of polyphenols and proanthocyanidins (17.78%, 1.22%) respectively, followed by 50% aqueous ethanol while ethyl acetate gave the lowest extract yield (0.75%, 0.049%) respectively. The DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity of extracts had a linear relationship with the polyphenols yield in the extracts. The study of the effect of different pH medium revealed that polyphenols were more extractable by water and proanthocyanidins recovery was better in a buffer at pH 3.5. The extracts were stable in a freezer for about two weeks. This study revealed that two sequential water extractions has the economic and safety merits, and can be used as an environmentally friendly method for producing antioxidants from the PMP.
Comparison of transverse analysis between posteroanterior cephalogram and cone-beam computed tomography.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate maxillary and mandibular alveolar and basal bone widths using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to verify the correlation between CBCT images and posteroanterior (PA) cephalograms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The CBCT scans and PA cephalograms were obtained from 20 men (age range = 24.0-29.1 years; mean age = 27.2 years; SD = 2.8 years) and 20 women (age range = 20.3-28.1 years; mean age = 26.4 years; SD = 3.2 years) with normal occlusion. On CBCT images, maxillary and mandibular bone widths were measured at three posterior sites and five bone levels. The differences between maxillary and mandibular bone widths were calculated and compared with conventional transverse width of PA cephalograms. RESULTS Statistically significant differences in maxillary and mandibular bone widths were detected at different levels and sites. Bone widths were significantly increased from the alveolar crest toward the basal bone in the maxillary molar and mandibular second premolar and molar areas. A statistically significant correlation was only found between CBCT images and PA cephalograms for maxillomandibular width at the first molar area. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggested that three-dimensional assessment of maxillomandibular width is mandatory for the transverse analysis.
Host Susceptibility to endogenous viruses: defective, glycoprotein-expressing proviruses interfere with infections

Three defective endogenous avian leukosis viruses, ev3, ev6 and ev9, interfered with subgroup E virus infections, ev3, ev6, and ev9 expressed high levels of subgroup E envelope glycoproteins. These glycoproteins reduced the activity of cellular receptors for subgroup E viruses. ev3 and ev6 protected chickens and cultured cells from subgroup E virus infections.
The influence of some probiotic supernatants on the growth and virulence features expression of several selected enteroaggregative E. coli clinical strains.

UNLABELLED The purpose of this study was the assessment of the influence of three probiotic supernatants (Bifidobacterium breve ATCC 15700, Enterococcus faecium ATCC 19434, Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei ATCC 393) on the growth (quantified by viable cell counts) and virulence features expression (adherence ability to HEp-2 cells and inert substratum- slime test) of several selected EAggEC diarrhoeagenic strains as well as the cytotoxicity of the respective supernatants on HEp-2 cells. RESULTS Our in vitro studies are demonstrating that the selected supernatants, when added simultaneously with the bacterial culture are generally opposing to the adherence to the cellular substratum by the EAggEC strains. When added after the pre-adherence period, the supernatants did not change the adherence indexes of the EAggEC strains, but induced slight changes in the adherence pattern, reducing the frequency and size of bacterial aggregates. Only in few cases, the bacterial growth rate was slightly increased or sustained by the probiotic supernatants, a possible explanation being that we used supernatants obtained from 24 hrs fresh cultures, which are probably still containing some nutrients and probably also other growth factors. CONCLUSION Our results are demonstrating that soluble probiotic metabolites accumulated in culture supernatants may interfere with the first step of adherence and colonization of the cellular and inert substrata by EAggEC strains, probablyby the cross-talk between probiotic soluble molecules and quorum-sensing mediators of opportunistic strains; so, direct contact between the probiotic and pathogenic bacteria are not always necessary for the occurrence of a protective effect, that could be partly mediated by the soluble molecules secreted by specific probiotic strains.
MBBrick: Unified middlebox design anc deployment in software defined network

Due to the expensive hardware and complex management of the traditional middlebox, a concerted effort towards the virtualized middlebox has been launched in both academia and industry. In this paper, we propose a unified middlebox model, MBBrick, which is composed of three operation modules (classifier, rewriter, forwarder) and a control module (the mcontroller). We then design a language, MG, to describe the MBBrick process. By concatenating different modules, MBBrick can achieve the functions of different middleboxes or service chains in one single super middlebox. We design the corresponding algorithms to optimize the MBBrick deployment and schedule the traffic. The experiment results show that MBBrick significantly reduces the processing latency and improves the network throughput.
Political Business Cycles in the New Keynesian Model

This paper tests various Political Business Cycle theories in a New Keynesian model with a monetary and fiscal policy mix. All the policy coefficients, the target levels of inflation and the budget deficit, the firms' frequency of price setting, and the standard deviations of the structural shocks are allowed to depend on 'political' regimes: a pre-election vs. post-election regime, a regime that depends on whether the President (or the Fed Chairman) is a Democrat or a Republican, and a regime under which the President and the Fed Chairman share party affiliation in pre-election quarters or not. The model is estimated using full-information Bayesian methods. The assumption of rational expectations is relaxed: economic agents can learn about the effect of political variables over time. The results provide evidence that several coefficients depend on political variables. The best-fitting specification is one that allows coefficients to depend on a pre-election vs. non-election regime. Monetary policy becomes considerably more inertial before elections and fiscal policy deviations from a simple rule are more common. The results overall support the view of an independent Fed that avoids taking policy decisions right before elections. There is some evidence, however, that policies become more expansionary before elections, but this evidence seems to disappear in the post-1985 sample. The estimates also indicate that firms similarly delay their price-setting decisions until after the upcoming Presidential election.
Acquired rifamycin resistance with twice-weekly treatment of HIV-related tuberculosis.

RATIONALE Rifabutin was recommended in place of rifampin during treatment of HIV-related tuberculosis (TB) to facilitate concomitant potent antiretroviral therapy, but this approach has not been evaluated in a prospective study. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the activity of intermittent rifabutin-based therapy. METHODS Patients with culture-confirmed TB were treated under direct supervision with 2 mo of rifabutin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol (given daily, thrice-weekly, or twice-weekly per the local tuberculosis control program), followed by 4 mo of twice-weekly rifabutin plus isoniazid. MEASUREMENTS Culture-positive treatment failure or relapse. MAIN RESULTS A total of 169 eligible patients were enrolled. Most had advanced HIV disease; the median CD4 cell count and HIV-RNA level were 90 cells/mm3 (interquartile range, 35-175) and 5.3 log10 copies/ml (interquartile range, 4.8-5.7), respectively. Nine (5.3%) patients had culture-positive treatment failure (n = 3) or relapse (n = 6). Eight of these nine (89%) cases had isolates with acquired rifamycin resistance. Treatment failure or relapse was associated with baseline CD4 lymphocyte count, being 12.3% (9/73; 95% confidence interval, 6.5-22.0%) among patients with CD4 < 100 cells/mm3 versus 0% (0/65; 95% confidence interval, 0.0-4.5%) among those with higher CD4 lymphocyte counts (p < 0.01). One hundred thirty-seven (81%) patients received antiretroviral therapy during TB treatment. Adverse events were common, but only two patients (1%) permanently discontinued study drugs. CONCLUSIONS Intermittent rifabutin-based therapy for HIV-related TB was well tolerated, but there was a high risk of treatment failure or relapse with acquired rifamycin resistance among patients with low CD4 lymphocyte counts.
BVDV in British alpacas

SIR, — Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) was first reported in a British alpaca herd in 2005, in a seven-month-old animal with illthrift, recurrent diarrhoea and joint swelling ([Foster and others 2005][1]). We wish to report bvdv-associated disease, including stillbirths, congenital
Improved glycemic control without weight gain using triple therapy in type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of triple therapy using insulin, metformin, and a thiazolidinedione following a course of dual therapy using insulin and metformin or insulin and a thiazolidinedione in type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Twenty-eight type 2 diabetic subjects using insulin monotherapy (baseline HbA(lc) level 8.5%) who had been randomly assigned to insulin (INS) and metformin (MET) (INS + MET, n = 14) or INS and the thiazolidinedione troglitazone (TGZ) (INS + TGZ, n = 14) (dual therapy) for 4 months were given INS, MET, and TGZ (triple therapy: INS + MET, add TGZ; or INS + TGZ, add MET) for another 4 months. The INS dose was not increased. RESULTS HbA(1c) levels decreased in both groups during dual therapy and improved further during triple therapy (INS + MET 7.0 +/- 0.8, INS + TGZ 6.2 +/- 0.8, P < 0.0001; INS + MET, add TGZ 6.1 +/- 0.4%, P < 0.001; INS + TGZ, add MET 5.8 +/- 0.6%, P < 0.05; and INS + TGZ vs. INS + MET, P = 0.02). Significant reductions in total daily insulin dose occurred in the INS + TGZ (-14.1 units, P < 0.0001), INS + TGZ add MET (-13.7 units, P < 0.01), and the INS + MET add TGZ groups (-17.3 units, P < 0.003), but not in the INS + MET group (-3.2 units) (INS + TGZ vs. INS + MET P < 0.05). Subjects in the INS + TGZ group experienced significant weight gain (4.4 +/- 2.7 kg, P < 0.0005). No weight gain occurred in the INS + MET, INS + MET add TGZ, and INS + TGZ add MET groups. CONCLUSIONS Triple therapy using INS, MET, and TGZ resulted in lower HbA(lc) levels and total daily insulin dose than during dual therapy. The use of triple therapy resulted in 100% of subjects achieving an HbA(lc) <7.0%, while decreasing the dose of INS. Weight gain was avoided when MET therapy preceded the addition of TGZ therapy. The addition of TGZ resulted in the greatest reductions in HbA(lc) levels and insulin dose. Triple therapy using INS, MET, and a thiazolidinedione (such as TGZ) can be a safe and effective treatment in type 2 diabetes.
The Pseudomonas putida CsrA/RsmA homologues negatively affect c‐di‐GMP pools and biofilm formation through the GGDEF/EAL response regulator CfcR

Summary Expression of cfcR, encoding the only GGDEF/EAL response regulator in Pseudomonas putida, is transcriptionally regulated by RpoS, ANR and FleQ, and the functionality of CfcR as a diguanylate cyclase requires the multisensor CHASE3/GAF hybrid histidine kinase named CfcA. Here an additional level of cfcR control, operating post‐transcriptionally via the RNA‐binding proteins RsmA, RsmE and RsmI, is unraveled. Specific binding of the three proteins to an Rsm‐binding motif (5′CANGGANG3′) encompassing the translational start codon of cfcR was confirmed. Although RsmA exhibited the highest binding affinity to the cfcR transcript, single deletions of rsmA, rsmE or rsmI caused minor derepression in CfcR translation compared to a ΔrsmIEA triple mutant. RsmA also showed a negative impact on c‐di‐GMP levels in a double mutant ΔrsmIE through the control of cfcR, which is responsible for most of the free c‐di‐GMP during stationary phase in static conditions. In addition, a CfcR‐dependent c‐di‐GMP boost was observed during this stage in ΔrsmIEA confirming the negative effect of Rsm proteins on CfcR translation and explaining the increased biofilm formation in this mutant compared to the wild type. Overall, these results suggest that CfcR is a key player in biofilm formation regulation by the Rsm proteins in P. putida.
Physiological and Transcriptional Responses of Anaerobic Chemostat Cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Subjected to Diurnal Temperature Cycles

ABSTRACT Diurnal temperature cycling is an intrinsic characteristic of many exposed microbial ecosystems. However, its influence on yeast physiology and the yeast transcriptome has not been studied in detail. In this study, 24-h sinusoidal temperature cycles, oscillating between 12°C and 30°C, were imposed on anaerobic, glucose-limited chemostat cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. After three diurnal temperature cycles (DTC), concentrations of glucose and extracellular metabolites as well as CO2 production rates showed regular, reproducible circadian rhythms. DTC also led to waves of transcriptional activation and repression, which involved one-sixth of the yeast genome. A substantial fraction of these DTC-responsive genes appeared to respond primarily to changes in the glucose concentration. Elimination of known glucose-responsive genes revealed an overrepresentation of previously identified temperature-responsive genes as well as genes involved in the cell cycle and de novo purine biosynthesis. In-depth analysis demonstrated that DTC led to a partial synchronization of the cell cycle of the yeast populations in chemostat cultures, which was lost upon release from DTC. Comparison of DTC results with data from steady-state cultures showed that the 24-h DTC was sufficiently slow to allow S. cerevisiae chemostat cultures to acclimate their transcriptome and physiology at the DTC temperature maximum and to approach acclimation at the DTC temperature minimum. Furthermore, this comparison and literature data on growth rate-dependent cell cycle phase distribution indicated that cell cycle synchronization was most likely an effect of imposed fluctuations of the relative growth rate (μ/μmax) rather than a direct effect of temperature.
A study on the recognition of the Korean monothongs using artificial neural net models

The implementation and comparison of various artificial neural network models for recognition of Korean monothongs are reported. The goal is to develop an intelligent speech-based man-machine computer interface. The neural networks used were the multilayer perceptron, the time-delay neural net, the self-organizing feature map, and the interactive and competitive model. These four models were compared with respect to recognition rate and learning speed under various conditions. Experiments taking context effects, the most important problem in recognizing phonemes from continuous speech, into consideration were also performed. The models showed 90%-96% recognition rate for a male speaker. A strategy for Korean speech recognition using artificial neural networks has been developed on the basis of these results. <<ETX>>
Anticoagulants for preventing stroke in patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation and a history of stroke or transient ischemic attacks.

BACKGROUND People with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation who have had a transient ischemic attack or a minor ischemic stroke are at risk of recurrent stroke. OBJECTIVES The objective of this review was to assess the effect of anticoagulants for secondary prevention, after a stroke or transient ischaemic attack, in patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation. SEARCH STRATEGY The reviewer searched the Cochrane Stroke Group trials register and contacted trialists. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised trials comparing oral anticoagulants (target International Normalised Ratio range 2.5 to 4.0) with control or placebo in people with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation and a previous transient ischaemic attack or minor ischaemic stroke. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS One reviewer assessed trial quality and extracted data. MAIN RESULTS Two trials involving 485 people were included. Anticoagulants reduced the risk of recurrent stroke by two-thirds (odds ratio 0.36, 95% confidence interval 0.22 to 0.58). The risk of all vascular events was shown to be almost halved by treatment (odds ratio 0.55, 95% confidence interval 0.37 to 0.82). No intracranial bleeds were reported among people given anticoagulants. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS The evidence suggests that anticoagulants are beneficial, without serious adverse effects, for people with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation and recent cerebral ischaemia.
Dosimetric feasibility of real-time MRI-guided proton therapy.

PURPOSE Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a prime candidate for image-guided radiotherapy. This study was designed to assess the feasibility of real-time MRI-guided proton therapy by quantifying the dosimetric effects induced by the magnetic field in patients' plans and identifying the associated clinical consequences. METHODS Monte Carlo dose calculation was performed for nine patients of various treatment sites (lung, liver, prostate, brain, skull-base, and spine) and tissue homogeneities, in the presence of 0.5 and 1.5 T magnetic fields. Dose volume histogram (DVH) parameters such as D95, D5, and V20 as well as equivalent uniform dose were compared for the target and organs at risk, before and after applying the magnetic field. The authors further assessed whether the plans affected by clinically relevant dose distortions could be corrected independent of the planning system. RESULTS By comparing the resulting dose distributions and analyzing the respective DVHs, it was determined that despite the observed lateral beam deflection, for magnetic fields of up to 0.5 T, neither was the target coverage jeopardized nor was the dose to the nearby organs increased in all cases except for prostate. However, for a 1.5 T magnetic field, the dose distortions were more pronounced and of clinical concern in all cases except for spine. In such circumstances, the target was severely underdosed, as indicated by a decrease in D95 of up to 41% of the prescribed dose compared to the nominal situation (no magnetic field). Sites such as liver and spine were less affected due to higher tissue homogeneity, typically smaller beam range, and the choice of beam directions. Simulations revealed that small modifications to certain plan parameters such as beam isocenter (up to 19 mm) and gantry angle (up to 10°) are sufficient to compensate for the magnetic field-induced dose disturbances. The authors' observations indicate that the degree of required corrections strongly depends on the beam range and direction relative to the magnetic field. This method was also applicable to more heterogeneous scenarios such as skull-base tumors. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed the dosimetric feasibility of real-time MRI-guided proton therapy and delivering a clinically acceptable dose to patients with various tumor locations within magnetic fields of up to 1.5 T. This work could serve as a guide and encouragement for further efforts toward clinical implementation of hybrid MRI-proton gantry systems.