Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of acute cerebral infarctions in patients with middle cerebral artery stenosis: A diffusion‐weighted imaging and microemboli monitoring study

Although most therapeutic efforts and experimental stroke models focus on the concept of complete occlusion of the middle cerebral artery as a result of embolism from the carotid artery or cardiac chamber, relatively little is known about the stroke mechanism of intrinsic middle cerebral artery stenosis. Differences in stroke pathophysiology may require different strategies for prevention and treatment. We prospectively studied 30 consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients with middle cerebral artery stenosis detected by transcranial Doppler and magnetic resonance angiography. Patients underwent microembolic signal monitoring by transcranial Doppler and diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Characteristics of acute infarct on diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging were categorized according to the number (single or multiple infarcts) and the pattern of cerebral infarcts (cortical, border zone, or perforating artery territory infarcts). The data of microembolic signals and diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging were assessed blindly and independently by separate observers. Diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging showed that 15 patients (50%) had single acute cerebral infarcts and 15 patients had multiple acute cerebral infarcts. Among patients with multiple acute infarcts, unilateral, deep, chainlike border zone infarcts were the most common pattern (11 patients, 73%), and for single infarcts, penetrating artery infarcts were the most common (10 patients, 67%). Microembolic signals were detected in 10 patients (33%). The median number of microembolic signals per 30 minutes was 15 (range, 3–102). Microembolic signals were found in 9 patients with multiple infarcts and in 1 patient with a single infarct (p = 0.002, χ2). The number of microembolic signals predicted the number of acute infarcts on diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (linear regression, adjusted R2 =0.475, p < 0.001). Common stroke mechanisms in patients with middle cerebral artery stenosis are the occlusion of a single penetrating artery to produce a small subcortical lacuna‐like infarct and an artery‐to‐artery embolism with impaired clearance of emboli that produces multiple small cerebral infarcts, especially along the border zone region.
Theoretical mass, liquid, and polymer sensitivity of acoustic wave sensors with viscoelastic guiding layers

The theoretical sensitivity of Love wave and layer-guided shear horizontal acoustic plate mode (SH-APM) sensors for viscoelastic guiding layers and general loading by viscoelastic materials is developed. A dispersion equation previously derived for a system of three rigidly coupled elastic mass layers is modified so that the second and third layers can be viscoelastic. The inclusion of viscoelasticity into the second, wave guiding layer, introduces a damping term, in addition to a phase velocity shift, into the response of the acoustic wave system. Both the waveguiding layer and the third, perturbing layer, are modeled using a Maxwell model of viscoelasticity. The model therefore includes the limits of loading of both nonguided shear horizontal surface acoustic wave and acoustic plate mode (APM) sensors, in addition to Love wave and layer-guided SH-APM sensors, by rigidly coupled elastic mass and by Newtonian liquids. The three-layer model is extended to include a viscoelastic fourth layer of arbitrary thickness and so enable mass deposition onto an immersed Love wave or layer-guided SH-APM sensor to be described. A relationship between the change in the complex velocity and the slope of the complex dispersion curve is derived and the similarity to the mass and liquid sensor response of quartz crystal microbalances is discussed. Numerical calculations are presented for the case of a Love wave device in vacuum with a viscoelastic waveguiding layer. It is shown that, while a particular polymer relaxation time may be chosen such that the effect of viscoelasticity on the real part of the phase speed is relatively small, it may nonetheless induce a large insertion loss. The potential or the use of insertion loss as a sensor parameter is discussed.
Mind-wandering and self-referential thought

When our mind wanders, we frequently experience thoughts, images, and feelings about ourselves and our life. These self-referential thoughts involve diverse contents and take various forms, but most often focus on specific future events that are closely related to our personal goals and concerns. Neuroimaging studies show that such spontaneous mentations recruit many of the same brain regions—largely corresponding to the default network—as directed self-referential thought. The medial prefrontal cortex is most consistently involved and might contribute to assign value and to integrate processed contents with autobiographical knowledge. The tendency of the wandering mind to focus on self-related information might foster our sense of personal identity and lay the foundation for long-term goal pursuit.
Clinical Communication Ontology for Medical Errors

Clinical communication failures caused 60% of sentinel events reported by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. The difficulties of communication have been the primary cause of errors leading to patients' death. For analyzing medical error events, uncovering the patterns of clinical communication, this paper reports the design and development of clinical communication ontology. The ontology contains eight axes and was validated using ten medical error cases, where communication was the main factor. The coding process demonstrates that the ontology can be used as a guideline for future medical error reporting system, through which the root cause of medical error due to communication will be revealed in a clear pattern. This ontology contributes to the generation of proper interventions and effective strategies for reducing medical errors.
RAG GTPases in nutrient-mediated TOR signaling pathway

Amino acids are key nutrients for protein synthesis and many metabolic processes. There is compelling evidence that amino acids themselves regulate protein synthesis, degradation, and cell growth. Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) plays a central role in cellular growth regulation. Amino acids potently activate mTORC1, however, the mechanism of amino acid signaling is largely unknown. Recent studies have identified Rag small GTPases as key components mediating amino acid signals to mTORC1 activation.
MULTILEVEL GRADIENT METHOD WITH BÉZIER PARAMETRISATION FOR AERODYNAMIC SHAPE OPTIMISATION

A new multilevel strategy for gradient-based method in aerodynamic optimum shape design is proposed. This approach acts within the development of efficient algorithms for shape optimisation problem, in which the governing equations resolution requires a high computational cost. The proposed algorithm, based on the degree elevation property of Bezier curve for the parametrisation construction, can be interpreted in two different ways. Indeed, a descent direction is obtained considering as control variables shape grid-point coordinates as well as Bezier control points. We intend to investigate the algorithm behaviour for a 2D nozzle inverse problem and inviscid flows. [ DOI : 10.1685/CSC06110] About DOI
Chronic Ethanol Intake Impairs Insulin Signaling in Rats by Disrupting Akt Association with the Cell Membrane

Chronic and excessive alcohol consumption is an important and modifiable risk factor for type 2 diabetes. We previously reported elevations in hepatic Class 1 alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) expression in ethanol-fed rats correspondent with reduced levels of mature, nuclear sterol-regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), an insulin-induced transcriptional repressor of the ADH gene. In this report, we have studied the effects of insulin and ethanol on ADH gene expression in a highly differentiated rat hepatoma cell line (FGC-4), as well as the in vivo effects of chronic intake of an ethanol-containing diet on hepatic insulin signaling. Insulin inhibited ADH gene expression, and this was abolished by LY294002 (a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor) and small interfering RNA knockdown of SREBP-1. Chronic ethanol intake led to decreased phosphorylation of Akt (protein kinase B) at Thr308, increased phosphorylation of Akt at Ser473, and decreased phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (a downstream effector of Akt). Hepatic membrane-associated Akt content was decreased and cytosolic Akt content was increased in rats fed an ethanol-containing diet. Thus, disruptive effects of ethanol on insulin signaling occurred via impaired phosphorylation of Akt at Thr308. TRB3, a negative regulator of Akt, was induced in liver of ethanol-fed rats. In ethanol-treated FGC-4 cells, small interfering RNA knockdown of TRB3 increased membrane-associated Akt and the phosphorylation of Akt at Thr308. Our results suggest that ethanol induces TRB3, which, through binding to the pleckstrin homology domain of Akt, prevents its plasma membrane association, Akt-Thr308 phosphorylation, and subsequent Akt-mediated signaling. Ethanol inhibition of insulin signaling reduces nuclear SREBP accumulation and results in disinhibition of Class 1 ADH transcription.
Estimation of Genetic Parameters for First Lactation Monthly Test-day Milk Yields using Random Regression Test Day Model in Karan Fries Cattle

A single trait linear mixed random regression test-day model was applied for the first time for analyzing the first lactation monthly test-day milk yield records in Karan Fries cattle. The test-day milk yield data was modeled using a random regression model (RRM) considering different order of Legendre polynomial for the additive genetic effect (4th order) and the permanent environmental effect (5th order). Data pertaining to 1,583 lactation records spread over a period of 30 years were recorded and analyzed in the study. The variance component, heritability and genetic correlations among test-day milk yields were estimated using RRM. RRM heritability estimates of test-day milk yield varied from 0.11 to 0.22 in different test-day records. The estimates of genetic correlations between different test-day milk yields ranged 0.01 (test-day 1 [TD-1] and TD-11) to 0.99 (TD-4 and TD-5). The magnitudes of genetic correlations between test-day milk yields decreased as the interval between test-days increased and adjacent test-day had higher correlations. Additive genetic and permanent environment variances were higher for test-day milk yields at both ends of lactation. The residual variance was observed to be lower than the permanent environment variance for all the test-day milk yields.
Mini‐ and microsatellite expansions: the recombination connection

It is widely accepted that the large trinucleotide repeat expansions observed in many neurological diseases occur during replication. However, genetic recombination has emerged as a major source of instability for tandem repeats, including minisatellites, and recent studies raise the possibility that it may also be responsible for trinucleotide repeat expansions. We will review data connecting tandem repeat rearrangements and recombination in humans and in eukaryotic model organisms, and discuss the possible role of recombination in trinucleotide repeat expansions in human neurological disorders.
Frequent somatic TERT promoter mutations in thyroid cancer: higher prevalence in advanced forms of the disease.

BACKGROUND TERT encodes the reverse transcriptase component of telomerase, which adds telomere repeats to chromosome ends, thus enabling cell replication. Telomerase activity is required for cell immortalization. Somatic TERT promoter mutations modifying key transcriptional response elements were recently reported in several cancers, such as melanomas and gliomas. OBJECTIVES The objectives of the study were: 1) to determine the prevalence of TERT promoter mutations C228T and C250T in different thyroid cancer histological types and cell lines; and 2) to establish the possible association of TERT mutations with mutations of BRAF, RAS, or RET/PTC. METHODS TERT promoter was PCR-amplified and sequenced in 42 thyroid cancer cell lines and 183 tumors: 80 papillary thyroid cancers (PTCs), 58 poorly differentiated thyroid cancers (PDTCs), 20 anaplastic thyroid cancers (ATCs), and 25 Hurthle cell cancers (HCCs). RESULTS TERT promoter mutations were found in 98 of 225 (44%) specimens. TERT promoters C228T and C250T were mutually exclusive. Mutations were present in 18 of 80 PTCs (22.5%), in 40 of 78 (51%) advanced thyroid cancers (ATC + PDTC) (P = 3 × 10(-4) vs PTC), and in widely invasive HCCs (4 of 17), but not in minimally invasive HCCs (0 of 8). TERT promoter mutations were seen more frequently in advanced cancers with BRAF/RAS mutations compared to those that were BRAF/RAS wild-type (ATC + PDTC, 67.3 vs 24.1%; P < 10(-4)), whereas BRAF-mutant PTCs were less likely to have TERT promoter mutations than BRAF wild-type tumors (11.8 vs 50.0%; P = .04). CONCLUSIONS TERT promoter mutations are highly prevalent in advanced thyroid cancers, particularly those harboring BRAF or RAS mutations, whereas PTCs with BRAF or RAS mutations are most often TERT promoter wild type. Acquisition of a TERT promoter mutation could extend survival of BRAF- or RAS-driven clones and enable accumulation of additional genetic defects leading to disease progression.
A segmented gate driver IC for the reduction of IGBT collector current over-shoot at turn-on

In this paper, a segmented IGBT gate driver IC for mitigating IGBT turn-on I<sub>C</sub> over-shoot is presented. The proposed IC is fabricated using TSMC's 0.18 μm BCD Gen-2 process. Unlike existing I<sub>C</sub> over-shoot reduction techniques, the proposed technique does not require significant additional external components or an increase in turn-on energy. During turn-on, the gate driver is controlled such that (dV<sub>GE</sub>/dt) is kept low as current is transferred from the FWD to the IGBT and kept high at all other times. The ideal timing of (dV<sub>GE</sub>/dt) transitions could vary between IGBT devices, age, temperature, etc. A feedback system is used to correct for these variances. A 37% reduction in I<sub>C</sub> overshoot is achieved while maintaining the same E<sub>ON</sub>. A 54% reduction in E<sub>ON</sub> is achieved for the same I<sub>C</sub> overshoot. Finally, a 15.5 dBm reduction in CEMI is observed when compared to operation with a constant R<sub>OUT</sub> and similar Eon.
Periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis: epidemiologic, clinical, and immunologic associations.

UNLABELLED THE PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prevalent autoimmune-mediated, chronic inflammatory disorder that has been found in multiple epidemiologic studies to be associated with periodontal disease (PD). Despite the extensive epidemiologic evidence, the biologic basis of this association remains unclear. This article focuses on new insights into the potential mechanisms underlying the association between PD and RA. RECENT FINDINGS Chronic periodontal and synovial inflammation share many common pathologic, cellular, and molecular features. In particular, the mechanisms involved in the destruction of the adjacent connective tissues are quite similar. Recent studies have shown anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) that are highly specific for RA are detectable years before disease development. Emerging evidence suggests the oral pathogen porphymonas gingivalis may serve to break immune tolerance or amplify autoimmune responses to citrullinated antigens and, in turn, ultimately initiate RA in genetically susceptible persons. SUMMARY Recognition of the association between RA and PD on both a clinical and biologic level may provide new opportunities for intervention that will modify the course of both of these prevalent chronic inflammatory disorders. Furthermore, an enhanced understanding of the early events that initiate RA may result in strategies that prevent disease-onset.
Spatial distribution of hemorrhages in cerebral amyloid angiopathy

recording; it should be emphasized that the epileptiform changes observed at that time were seen spontaneously. We strongly support Dr Millichap’s position on the avoidance of hyperventilation in patients with known sickle cell disease. We showed in our study that recurrent seizures in SCD could be a manifestation of relative decreased cerebral perfusion (suggesting a cerebral region at risk of ischemia) both in the presence and the absence of cerebrovascular disease. We therefore agree that hyperventilation could precipitate neurological events as reported previously. It remains equally important to recognize that increased slow activity appearing after the end of hyperventilation can be an electroencephalogram sign of moyamoya syndrome (and perhaps of ischemia secondary to other mechanisms) when obtained inadvertently in patients who have not been identified as at risk but have been referred with a queried diagnosis of epileptic seizures. Studies involving perfusion as well as cerebrovascular imaging may be indicated in these patients.
OkCupid Data for Introductory Statistics and Data Science Courses

We present a data set consisting of user profile data for 59,946 San Francisco OkCupid users (a free online dating website) from a period in the 2010s. The data set includes typical user information, lifestyle variables, and text responses to 10 essays questions. We present four example analyses suitable for use in undergraduate introductory probability and statistics and data science courses that use R. The statistical and data science concepts covered include basic data visualization, exploratory data analysis, multivariate relationships, text analysis, and logistic regression for prediction.
Potential role of the methylation of VEGF gene promoter in response to hypoxia in oxygen‐induced retinopathy: beneficial effect of the absence of AQP4

Hypoxia‐dependent accumulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a major role in retinal diseases characterized by neovessel formation. In this study, we investigated whether the glial water channel Aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) is involved in the hypoxia‐dependent VEGF upregulation in the retina of a mouse model of oxygen‐induced retinopathy (OIR). The expression levels of VEGF, the hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) and the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), the production of nitric oxide (NO), the methylation status of the HIF‐1 binding site (HBS) in the VEGF gene promoter, the binding of HIF‐1α to the HBS, the retinal vascularization and function have been determined in the retina of wild‐type (WT) and AQP4 knock out (KO) mice under hypoxic (OIR) or normoxic conditions. In response to 5 days of hypoxia, WT mice were characterized by (i) AQP4 upregulation, (ii) increased levels of VEGF, HIF‐1α, iNOS and NO, (iii) pathological angiogenesis as determined by engorged retinal tufts and (iv) dysfunctional electroretinogram (ERG). AQP4 deletion prevents VEGF, iNOS and NO upregulation in response to hypoxia thus leading to reduced retinal damage although in the presence of high levels of HIF‐1α. In AQP4 KO mice, HBS demethylation in response to the beginning of hypoxia is lower than in WT mice reducing the binding of HIF‐1α to the VEGF gene promoter. We conclude that in the absence of AQP4, an impaired HBS demethylation prevents HIF‐1 binding to the VEGF gene promoter and the relative VEGF transactivation, reducing the VEGF‐induced retinal damage in response to hypoxia.
An Exploratory Examination of Knowledge Sharing Behaviors: Solicited and Voluntary

Purpose – Knowledge sharing (KS) has been a central concern in knowledge management (KM) practice and research. However, KS has remained largely a simplistic concept. This study aims to differentiate between solicited KS and voluntary KS and also to attempt to examine the role of both types of KS in relation to task, culture, technology and KM processes at the work unit level.Design/methodology/approach – The survey method was used. The questionnaire was issued to MBA students enrolled in a major southern university's cohort‐based program for working professionals, and a total of 149 usable responses were collected.Findings – It was found that task routineness and open communication facilitate only solicited sharing behaviors, while perception of solidarity is significantly related to voluntary sharing behaviors. In addition, knowledge tools and tacit‐oriented KM processes were found to play a significant role in both voluntary and solicited KS.Research limitations/implications – Exploratory analysis poin.
A study of joint lossless compression and encryption scheme

Data compression and encryption are the two fundamental steps needed for the secure transmission of large amount of data. Compression is needed because of the limitations in storage capacity and bandwidth requirements. In normal cases, the compressed data is encrypted and transmitted. But, this sequential approach is time consuming and computationally expensive. In this paper, a study on simultaneous compression and encryption scheme, based on the compression ratio and time, is done for different sized input sets. In simultaneous scheme, compression and encryption can be done at single step which reduces time for the entire operation. Compression is done using Arithmetic coding and encryption is done using XOR encryption. The XOR encryption introduces some randomness because of the presence of pseudorandom number generator. Thus the scheme is more secure against attacks. Also, the integrity of the seed value from the random number generator is also preserved using the DSA algorithm.
Spatial and Habitat-Mediated Food Web Dynamics in An Oyster-Dominated Estuary

ABSTRACT Understanding spatial dynamics and creating spatial boundaries of marine food webs is an important topic that resource managers are beginning to understand. Food web structure, mediated by spatial and habitat differences, was examined in a subtropical estuary using stomach content and stable isotope analyses. The goal of this study was to characterize the trophic structure in subtidal oyster reef, intertidal marsh edge, and nonvegetated bottom habitats. Fish and macroinvertebrates were sampled seasonally from July 2006 to April 2007. Spatially, the lower region of the bay supported a more robust food web, with more species and links (72 and 130, respectively) than the upper bay (63 and 87, respectively). Trophic levels (determined by 15N) and carbon sources (determined by 13C) were combined with dietary links (determined by stomach contents), relative population levels, and linkage strength (determined by food volume) to construct 5 dimensional food web diagrams for the 2 regions and 3 habitats studied. The 15N isotope indicated differences in trophic levels and probable nitrogen sources among regions whereas the 13C isotope inferred differences in carbon sources among regions in the Lavaca Bay ecosystem. This evidence suggests that lower Lavaca Bay is providing an environment conducive to robust food webs, and that locations in relatively close proximities within the same estuary can have very different food web interactions. Our data suggest there are significant differences in food web structure at the spatial scales examined in Lavaca Bay, which supports the idea that food webs are compartmentalized. As resource managers move toward ecosystem-based management, they must consider the distinct communities and accompanying food webs associated with the varying habitat types and spatial scales observed in this coastal ecosystem.