Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Photosynthetic inorganic carbon utilization of gametophytes and sporophytes of Undaria pinnatifida (Phaeophyceae)

X. Zhang, H. Hu and T. Tan. 2006. Photosynthetic inorganic carbon utilization of gametophytes and sporophytes of Undaria pinnatifida (Phaeophyceae). Phycologia 45: 642–647. DOI: 10.2216/05-28.1 The characteristics of inorganic carbon assimilation by photosynthesis were investigated in male and female gametophytes and juvenile sporophytes of Undaria pinnatifida. Gametophytes and sporophytes have detectable extracellular and intracellular carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity, and the CA inhibitor, acetazolamide (AZ), significantly inhibited their photosynthesis O2 evolution. In pH-drift experiments, it was found that gametophytes did not raise the final pH of seawater above 9.00 (CO2 concentrations of about 2.2 μM), indicating a low ability to utilize inorganic carbon. In contrast, sporophytes rapidly raised pH to over 9.53 and depleted the free CO2 concentration to less than 0.16 μM. The apparent photosynthetic affinity for CO2 was almost the same for gametophytes and sporophytes, whereas gametophytes had a much lower affinity for HCO3− than sporophytes. Two inhibitors of band 3 anion exchange protein (DIDS and SITS) inhibited the photosynthesis of gametophytes but not that of sporophytes. It was indicated that both gametophytes and sporophytes were capable of using HCO3−, which involved the external CA activity, and a direct HCO3− use also occurred in the former, but the latter showed a greater capacity of HCO3− use than the former. In addition, male and female gametophytes did not show great differences in the inorganic carbon uptake mechanism underlying photosynthesis.
DC performance analysis of a 20nm gate lenght n-type silicon GAA junctionless (Si JL-GAA) transistor

With integrated circuit scales in the 22-nm regime, conventional planar MOSFETs have approached the limit of their potential performance. To overcome short channel effects 'SCEs' that appears for deeply scaled MOSFETs beyond 10nm technology node many new device structures and channel materials have been proposed. Among these devices such as Gate-all-around FET. Recentely, junctionless GAA MOSFETs JL-GAA MOSFETs have attracted much attention since the junctionless MOSFET has been presented. In this paper, DC characteristics of an n-type JL-GAA MOSFET are presented using a 3-D quantum transport model . This new generation device is conceived with the same doping concentration level in its channel source/drain allowing to reduce fabrication complexity . The performance of our 3D JL-GAA structure with a 20nm gate length and a rectangular cross section have been obtained using SILVACO TCAD tools allowing also to study short channel effects. Our device reveals a favorable on/off current ratio and better SCE characteristics compared to an inversion-mode GAA transistor. Our device reveals a threshold voltage of 0.55 V, a sub-threshold slope of 63mV / decade which approaches the ideal value, an Ion / Ioff ratio of 10e + 10 value and a drain induced barrier lowring (DIBL) value of 98mV / V.
Calorimetric study of changes induced by preservatives in liquid egg products

In our tests we aimed to study the effects of additives normally used in liquid egg products on the calorimetric properties of liquid egg samples. Raw liquid egg white (pH=8.9±0.1), liquid egg yolk (pH=6.5±0.2) and whole liquid egg (pH=7.1±0.2) broken up in industrial conditions were used in our measurements. Sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate were added to the samples to achieve solutions of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 g/L concentrations. We used citric acid to prepare liquid egg products with various pH value (5.5, 5.0 and 4.5). The calorimetric tests were performed with MicroDSC III device. Liquid egg samples were heated up from 20°C to 95°C generally with a heating rate of 1.5°C/min. Sample weights were 500 mg±0.1 mg and water was used as reference solution. Evaluation was performed by Seftsoft2000 software, a component of the device. Our measurements have shown significant changes in calorimetric parameters of liquid egg samples by decreasing the pH value to 5.0. In addition to the reduced enthalpy due to acidification of samples, a decrease in denaturation temperature was also observed in the egg white. While the native egg white started to precipitate at 60°C, at pH 5.0 the denaturation was already started at 54.5°C. When sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate were added to liquid egg products a significant change of the tested calorimetric values was only found in the liquid egg samples containing the preservative at the concentration of 0.5 g/L.
Multilevel Fast Multipole Algorithm Enhanced Characteristic Mode Analysis for Half-Space Platform

The increasingly popular characteristic mode analysis (CMA) techniques in the free-space have been well-established, while the half-space counterpart is less concerned. In this communication, we consider the CMA for half-space platforms such as vehicles on the ground and ships on the sea surface, which is also commonly mounted with antennas. To overcome the difficulty of CMA’s application on electrically large targets, the half-space multilevel fast multipole algorithm is integrated into the eigensolver. Numerical results of half-space CMA for realistic platforms from FM-band to ${L}$ -band are presented to validate the accuracy and the robustness of the proposed method. It has been shown that this communication can be used as a legitimate CMA tool for the antenna design and integration on half-space platforms.
The phylogeny of the Praomys complex (Rodentia: Muridae) and its phylogeographic implications

Among the African Murinae (Rodentia, Muridae), the Praomys complex, whose systematics has been studied by different approaches, has raised numerous taxonomic problems. Different taxa, namely Praomys, Mastomys, Myomys and Hylomyscus have been considered either as separate genera or subgenera of Praomys. In order to understand the relationships within the Praomys complex and to test the monophyly of the genus Praomys, a cladistic analysis was conducted, based on morpho-anatomical factors involving different species of Praomys, Mastomys, Myomys and Hylomyscus. The results indicate that the Praomys complex is monophyletic, as are the genera Hylomyscus, Mastomys and Myomys, whereas the genus Praomys appears paraphyletic. Indeed, a group of species including Praomys jacksoni was found to be more closely related to the genera Mastomys and Myomys than to a Praomys tullbergi-group. The biotopes and the distribution areas of the species were mapped on the phylogeny. It appears that the different clades each present a relative ecological cohesion and are arranged according to a gradient from closed to open habitats. From there, an evolutionary scenario is proposed for the emergence of the different clades and species of the genus Praomys sensu stricto.
Evolved Strategies in Nitrogen Acquisition by Plants

Eleven features of nitrogen metabolism in the plant and in the ecosystem are delineated, each appearing to have negative survival value, especially negative effects on yield. These include apparent failures in controls over N2 fixation and over nitrate uptake; preventable energy losses in soil microbial metabolism and in root reduction in nitrate; preventable mass losses of nitrogen via denitrification and ammonia volatilization, and insufficient partitioning of photosynthetic energy to support N2 fixation in N-limited ecosystems. A quantitative examination of the energetics of metabolizing N2, NH3, and NO3 - reveals behind often high costs some energy inefficiencies required for sufficiently fast kinetics and some compromises with other metabolisms. Cost: benefit ratios can be defined for assimilation of the three forms of N, and each ratio may vary significantly according to other physiological demands, such as pH control at the rhizosphere or stomatal closure for efficient use of water. For the individual plant, I then proposed a number of metabolic principles based on the energetics inside the plant, suitably constrained, and also compromised with the metabolic strategy of soil bacteria. These principles rank-order the preferences for N sources. They also outline complementary roles for normal fast or feedback controls based on immediate environmental variations, integrative controls over relative growth rates of tissues, and nonnutritional controls that schedule maturation. The overall view is that plants in their N-nutrition follow a set of quantifiable strategies, or simple patterns in metabolic adaptations to varied conditions. The goal is to maximize yield over a range of conditions, but at times to sacrifice yield potential for clear requirements such as early competitiveness in canopy expansion. The strategies are heavily conditioned by energetics. Indeed, many are principally patterns of optimally allocating photosynthetic (energy) resources between alternatives such as N2 versus NO3 - assimilation. I note that agricultural breeding to alter adaptation ranges and to increase yield readily incurs conflicts of desired traits, such as that between ability to use high levels of fertilizer N and ability to mature. I propose that conflicts are easier to foresee between strategies (controlled blocks of biochemical activities, in genetically fixed patterns) than between individual biochemical activities. A second general use of the strategic view may be simpler prediction of overall plant responses to environmental changes (in atmospheric CO2 levels, soil aeration and acidity, etc.). When one considers competitive uptake of nitrogen by all the plants in an ecosystem, additional plant responses are seen as necessary. Also, a few inherent instabilities of strategies are seen in N2 fixation and in denitrification.
Road identification system based on CNN

In recent years, convolutional neural network (CNN) has been widely used in image recognition, but there is still a big gap in automatic driving and road recognition. Here we have designed a system that maps raw pixels directly from a single front-facing camera to a steering command. The system mainly uses the camera to recognize the auxiliary lines on the road to realize automatic driving, and the accuracy rate has reached 98%. Unfortunately, such data can only be used in the laboratory, and the recognition of complex road conditions needs further development of machine learning.
Assessing potential biological control of the invasive plant, tree-of-heaven, Ailanthus altissima

Abstract Tree-of-heaven, Ailanthus altissima, is a deciduous tree indigenous to China and introduced into North America and Europe. It is a serious threat to ecosystems in introduced areas, as the plant is very competitive, and also contains allelopathic chemicals that may inhibit growth of surrounding native plants. In addition, the plant contains secondary chemicals that make it unpalatable to some insects. In this paper we assess potential biological control of this plant by reviewing literature associated with natural enemies of the plant from both its native and introduced regions in the world. Our literature surveys revealed that 46 phytophagous arthropods, 16 fungi, and one potyvirus were reported attacking tree-of-heaven, some apparently causing significant damage in China. Two weevils, Eucryptorrhynchus brandti and E. chinensis, are major pests of the plant in China and are reportedly restricted to tree-of-heaven, showing promise as potential biological control agents. Nymphs and adults of a homopteran insect, Lycorma delicatula and larvae of two lepidopteran species, Samia cynthia and Eligma narcissus, may also cause severe damage, but they are not host specific. Two rust fungi, Aecidium ailanthi J. Y. Zhuan sp. nov. and Coleosporium sp. have been reported on tree-of-heaven in China and are also promising potential candidates for biological control of the plant. Nine insect herbivores and 68 fungi are associated with tree-of-heaven in its introduced range in North America, Europe, and Asia. An oligophagous insect native to North America, the ailanthus webworm, Atteva punctella, may be a potential biocontrol agent for the plant. Among the fungal species, Fusarium osysporum f. sp. perniciosum, caused wilt of tree-of-heaven in North America and may have the potential to control the plant, but its non-target effect should be carefully evaluated. Our review indicates that there is potential for using insects or pathogens to control tree-of-heaven.
Field Test Results Versus Marker Assisted Selection for Root-Knot Nematode Resistance in Peanut

ABSTRACT A common set of 12 advanced Georgia peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) breeding lines that were derived from ‘COAN’ cross combinations were compared with three check cultivars for root-knot nematode (RKN) [Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood race 1] resistance. These 15 genotypes were grown in RKN populated field tests using a randomized complete block design with three replications for two years (2011 and 2012). Two molecular markers (SCAR 197/909 and SSR-GM565) used for marker assisted selection (MAS) did not agree with low gall ratings and high pod yield for four out of the 15 genotypes (26.7%). The results were the same each year with the same four field RKN-resistant genotypes being incorrectly identified as susceptible (false negatives) by both markers. Reciprocal cross combinations involving field resistant parents showed one-gene difference between MAS resistant × MAS susceptible in F1 and F2 populations. The lack of accuracy differentiating resistant RKN breeding.
Determination of plant species cover by means of image analysis

A method is described for the determination of plant species cover in herbaceous plant communities by means of image analysis. It is a computerized extension of the quadrat-charting method. The method was tested with four different computer systems for three different vegetation types, a shady lawn, a pioneer vegetation and a forest floor. We compared the results with vertical point-intercept analyses of the same stands. Image analysis revealed a high accuracy of the method ranging from < ± 1 to about ± 2% cover depending on the dominance of the species being analysed. The method is particularly suitable for the analysis of low herbaceous or unsaturated vegetation, dominance stands of broad-leaved plant species and for the analysis of cover changes in permanent plots.
Saudi Female Teachers' Perceptions of the School as Educational Organizations

https://doi.org/10.37575/h/edu/2188 صخللما دادزا مامتها ةرازو ميلعتلا ةيدوعسلا يف لوحتلا ىلإ تامظنلما ةملعتلما قيبطتو ؛اهئدابم كلذو يف اهيعس ىلإ ريوطت اهتاسسؤم ةيميلعتلا ةماع سرادمو ميلعتلا ماعلا ،ةصاخ عفرو ةءافك اهماظن يلخادلا يجراخلاو ىلع دح ،ءاوس دقو تفده ةساردلا ةيلاحلا ىلإ فشكلا نع تاروصت تاملعم ميلعتلا ماعلا يف ةرادإ ميلعت قرش مامدلا يف ةقطنلما ةيقرشلا نم ةكلملما ةيبرعلا ةيدوعسلا وحن نهسرادم تامظنمك ،ةملعتم دقو مت رايتخا ةنيع ةساردلا ةقيرطب ع ،ةيئاوش تغلبو ( 401 ) ةملعم ةبسنب ( 20 )% نم عمتجلما ،يلصلأا ماقو ثحابلا قيبطتب ةنابتسا " فصو ةسردلما ةمظنمك ةملعتم " نم دادعإ Kline and Saunders (1998) Ten Steps to Learning Organizations يهو نوكتت نم ( 30 ) ةرقف ةعزوم ىلع ةعبرأ تلااجم : لاجم ومنلا ،يهنلما ،خانلما ،بيرجتلا مث لكيهلا يميظنتلا . دقو مدختسا جهنلما ،يفصولا مدختساو ثحابلا رابتخا " ت " تانيعلل ةلقتسلما ةفرعلم ةللاد قورفلا نيب نيتعومجم ،نيتلقتسم ليلحتو " نيابتلا يداحأ هاجتلاا " ةفرعلم ةللاد قورفلا نيب رثكأ نم نيتعومجم نيتلقتسم رابتخلا ةلئسأ ةساردلا . دقو ترهظأ جئاتن ةساردلا لوصح عيمج تلااجم تاروصت تاملعلما وحن نهسرادم تامظنمك ةملعتم ىلع تاجرد ةقفاوم ةطسوتم طسوتمب ماع ( 3.08 ) فارحناو يرايعم ( 0.82 ) ، تبترتو ايلزانت يتلآاك : لاجم ومنلا ،يهنلما ،خانلما ،بيرجتلا مث لكيهلا يميظنتلا . امك تدجو قورف ةلاد ايئاصحا يف تاباجتسا تاكرتشلما ىزعت ريغتلم لهؤلما يملعلا يف عيمج تلااجلما ادع لاجم بيرجتلا حلاصل لهؤلما لقلأا يف لك ةرم . يف نيح مل رهظت قورف ةلاد ايئاصحإ يف تاباجتسا تاكرتشلما اعبت ريغتلم ةمدخلا . تصوأ ةساردلا ليعفتب تارودلا ةيبيردتلا تاريدلم سرادلما اهتاملعمو يف قيبطت داعبأ تلااجمو ةسردلما ةملعتلما .
Distribution and burdens of bioaccumulative contaminants in the Lake Erie food web: A review

The bioaccumulation of organic contaminants in the Lake Erie food web is reviewed in context of the numerous changes experienced by the system. In the late 1960s, internal lake processes, related to the eutrophic status of the lake, minimized contaminant bioaccumulation despite high contaminant loadings. From the 1970s to 1980s contaminant concentrations decreased at different rates in many species of different trophic levels, coincident with decreased loadings to the lake. Since the early 1980s contaminant concentrations in biota have not changed consistently. Several factors have been proposed to account for these patterns, including reduced nutrient loadings and productivity, and the invasion of several exotic species such as zebra mussels. These factors have altered the food web structure and the internal distribution of contaminants in the lake. Emerging and continuing issues, such as climate change, invasions of additional exotic species, new chemical contaminants of concern, and algal toxins will l.
Consistency in seed-deposition patterns and the distribution of mistletoes among its host trees in an Amazonian savanna.

The present paper describes the spatial distribution of the mistletoe Psittacanthus plagiophyllus Eichl. (Loranthaceae) on its host, the cashew tree Anacardium occidentale L. , in a Brazilian Amazonian savanna. Our aim was to understand the roles of bird-seed dispersers and host quality in determining the mistletoe distribution among its host trees. In 2006, we marked 118 cashews in a 4.5-ha plot and counted the number of mistletoes and the presence of seeds attached to host branches in 2006, 2007 and 2008. On average, 36% of the hosts were infected each year. The infection load and the probability of being infected increased significantly with host crown diameter. On average, 25% of the hosts received at least one mistletoe seed in each year, being taller and previously infected hosts more prone to receive seeds in all 3 years. Elaenia cristata was the main seed disperser, visiting P. plagiophyllus 48 times in 35 h of focal records. Additionally, in a field experiment, we used the presence of an infection and the host size as surrogates for host quality and tested their effect on mistletoe survivorship. After 9 months, 16.5% of seeds survived and 14% had established, but neither host conditions nor host size influenced seed survivorship. Therefore, we suggest that mistletoe distribution is a consequence of a consistent dispersal of seeds onto larger and previously parasitised hosts across years.
Pressure drop: Securitising and de-securitising safeguarding

INTRODUCTION: This article explores how securitisation theory is mobilised in contemporary social work discourse, policy and practice. We draw on recent child protection research to support our claim that a new practice issue, described previously as securitised safeguarding, has emerged.APPROACH: We demonstrate its emergence using securitisation theory as a conceptual mode of analysis to describe how a securitised safeguarding response depicts particular families as an existential threat which, in turn, prompts a response characterised by forms of muscular liberalism.CONCLUSIONS: We argue that this emerging practice issue requires critical consideration and suggest it will have a significant impact on social work – one that is unlikely to be beneficial for the profession and, more importantly, families being worked with. By describing a process of de-securitisation, we offer an alternative and more nuanced approach that perceives families holistically, and mobilises a welfare safeguarding model. This more closely resembles traditional social work values of emancipation, liberation and empowerment within social work practice.
A Polydiacetylenes-Based Sensor for Discriminating Oleic Acid from Stearic Acid and Elaidic Acid

State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, ChinaReceived July 27, 2011, Accepted August 11, 2011Key Words : Polydiacetylenes, Sensor, Oleic acidOleic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid, is the mostabundant fatty acid in human adipose tissue. As positivehealth effects, oleic acid may hinder the progression ofadrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), which is a fatal disease thataffects the brain and adrenal glands and attacks the myelinsheaths of the body, causing symptoms similar to those inmultiple sclerosis.
Seasonal selection of soil types and grass swards by roan antelope in a South African savanna

Roan antelope are distributed mainly in regions characterized by infertile soils, offering food of low quality. We hypothesized that roan may select localities with higher soil nutrient levels and/or grass swards with more favourable properties in terms of food abundance or quality than generally available in those regions. Roan antelope were observed in a savanna region in South Africa where soils of widely varying nutrient status occurred. Roan favoured open grassland over wooded savanna areas. During the wet season, roan preferred sites with felsite-derived soil of intermediate soil nutrient status. Grasslands growing on nutrient enriched alluvial soils were preferred outside of the early wet season, although most of the favourable sward characteristics were present in other landscape units. Food quantity, rather than quality appeared to attract roan to foraging sites in the late wet and early dry seasons. Food quality appeared more important in the early wet and late dry seasons. The higher degree of clustering of leafy material within foraging swards seemed to be an additional discriminating factor. The factors governing the selection of foraging sites by roan did not seem notably different from those influencing other species of grazing ruminant, but roan nevertheless seemed tolerant of stemmy grasslands growing on nutrient richer substrates.
Socially Facilitated Behavior

In this review of the experimental investigation of socially facilitated behavior, the first point to be stressed is that the therm should be used descriptively, without any causal implications. In view of the diversity of the phenomena, it is likely that the mechanisms underlying socially facilitated behavior will vary, not only between species but also within a species in different situations. Functionally, socially facilitated behavior is likely to be more important than environmental factors in attaining group synchrony, since the former provides the fine-scale adjustments to the environmental control of synchrony. By maintaining the group, socially facilitated behavior will thus tend to optimize exploitation of resources and protection from predators, the two most commonly proposed advantages of group living. Socially facilitated behavior may also promote reproductive synchrony, which increases the chances for survival of the offspring. Current experimental techniques in these studies leave much to be desired. There seems to be little to recommend further demonstrations of instances of socially facilitated behavior without some attempt to record the details of the interactions between the individuals or to elucidate the underlying causal mechanisms. Because a social animal is "distressed" by isolation, no simple comparison of the rate at which a particular act occurs in a social situation with that in isolation will be very informative. A more global view of the situations in which socially facilitated behavior can occur is thought to be needed; the investigation of stimulus variables could complement that of motivational, ontogenetic, or social causal influences. A careful consideration of the social interactions involved in socially facilitated behavior and its causation and function is essential if these studies are to contribute toward an understanding of the phenomenon in a way more closely related to the natural life of the species.