Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gross and histopathological changes/ aerobic bacterial plate count and cytological alterations in acute, subacute and chronic endometritis of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

A total numbers of 100 adult buffaloes was selected for the study from Cantonment Board MHOW and Indore Slaughter Houses and screened for infection. The cytology, aerobic bacterial plate count, gross and histopathological changes of positive cases were studied to determine and differentiate acute, subacute and chronic endometritis. Examination of uterus of 100 buffaloes revealed inflammatory changes of endometritis in 78 (78%) cases and classified nine cases under acute endometritis (11.53%), 31 cases of subacute endometritis (39.74), 38 cases of chronic endometritis (48.71%) and 22 cases of non specific affections (28.20%). In most cases of acute endometritis, the uterus was thick, oedematous and high amount of exudate was present. Microscopically, sub endometrium was heavily infiltrated with multilobed inflammatory cells around uterine glands and blood vessels. Endometrial glands were proliferated and cystic at places with haemorrhage in different sites of stroma. MacCallum-Goodpasture staining revealed presence of coccobacillary gram negative bacteria in 2 cases. In subacute endometritis, the uterus was firm, thick and enlarged uterine horns revealed presence of moderate mucinous exudate, denudation, oedema, vascular wall hyalinization, infiltration of mainly lymphocytes. In chronic endometritis, the uterus was thick, firm, indurated and corrugated with severe infiltration of sub endometrium by lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages, connective tissue proliferation and vascular hyalinization. Cytology, aerobic bacterial plate count (APC) and histopathology revealed significant changes in types, number of cells and inflammatory reaction. In acute endometritis cytology showed a rise in epithelial cells, neutrophils and degenerated macrophages, low number of lymphocytes and other cells. Aerobic bacterial plate count revealed highest count. In subacute endometritis cytology showed a rise in lymphocytes and low numbers of epithelial cells, neutrophils, macrophages and a fall in other cells. Aerobic bacterial plate count revealed lowest count in subacute as compared to acute endometritis. In chronic endometritis cytology revealed mainly epithelial cell casts, isolated epithelial cells being few, lymphocytes, few macrophages and mucin threads.The research findings indicate that cases of endometritis are common in buffaloes and uterine cytology can be used as a quick sensitive and specific diagnostic tool to assess the status of uterine pathology both in dead and live animals.
Rolling element bearing fault recognition approach based on fuzzy clustering bispectrum estimation

A rolling element bearing fault recognition approach is proposed in this paper. This method combines the basic Higherorder spectrum (HOS) theory and fuzzy clustering method in data mining area. In the first step, all the bispectrum estimation results of the training samples and test samples are turned into binary feature images. Secondly, the binary feature images of the training samples are used to construct object templates including kernel images and domain images. Every fault category has one object templates. At last, by calculating the distances between test samples’ binary feature images and the different object templates, the object classification and pattern recognition can be effectively accomplished. Bearing is the most important and much easier to be damaged component in rotating machinery. Furthermore, there exist large amounts of noise jamming and nonlinear coupling components in bearing vibration signals. The Higher Order Cumulants (HOC), which can quantitatively describe the nonlinear characteristic signals with close relationship between the mechanical faults, is introduced in this paper to de-noise the raw bearing vibration signals and obtain the bispectrum estimation pictures. In the experimental part, the rolling bearing fault diagnosis experiment results proved that the classification was completely correct.
Statistics on the Manifold of Multivariate Normal Distributions : Theory and Application to Diffusion Tensor MRI Processing

This paper is dedicated to the statistical analysis of the space of multivariate normal distributions with an application to the processing of Diffusion Tensor Images (DTI). It relies on the differential geometrical properties of the underlying parameters space, endowed with a Riemannian metric, as well as on recent works that led to the generalization of the normal law on Riemannian manifolds. We review the geometrical properties of the space of multivariate normal distributions with zero mean vector and focus on an original characterization of the mean, covariance matrix and generalized normal law on that manifold. We extensively address the derivation of accurate and efficient numerical schemes to estimate these statistical parameters. A major application of the present work is related to the analysis and processing of DTI datasets and we show promising results on synthetic and real examples.
Nonlinear cnoidal waves and solitary structures in unmagnetized plasmas with generalized (r, q) distributed electrons

Theoretical investigation of electrostatic ion acoustic periodic (cnoidal) waves and solitons with warm ions is presented with electrons that are assumed to follow the double spectral index distribution function. The double spectral index distribution imitates effectively the distributions that have often been seen in space plasmas. Using the standard reductive perturbation technique, the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation is derived which describes the nonlinear periodic waves with appropriate boundary conditions. By using planar dynamical system to this KdV equation, the existence of solitary wave solutions and periodic wave solutions are found. It is shown that changing the electron population in regions of low and high phase space density regions alter the propagation characteristics of nonlinear ion acoustic periodic and solitary structures. Comparison of non-Maxwellian distribution functions with Maxwellian distribution is also made. The importance of the present work with regard to space plasmas is also pointed out.
Deep super resolution crack network (SrcNet) for improving computer vision–based automated crack detectability in in situ bridges

This article proposes a new end-to-end deep super-resolution crack network (SrcNet) for improving computer vision–based automated crack detectability. The digital images acquired from large-scale civil infrastructures for crack detection using unmanned robots often suffer from motion blur and lack of pixel resolution, which may degrade the corresponding crack detectability. The proposed SrcNet is able to significantly enhance the crack detectability by augmenting the pixel resolution of the raw digital image through deep learning. SrcNet basically consists of two phases: phase I—deep learning–based super resolution (SR) image generation and phase II—deep learning–based automated crack detection. Once the raw digital images are obtained from a target bridge surface, phase I of SrcNet generates the corresponding SR images to the raw digital images. Then, phase II automatically detects cracks from the generated SR images, making it possible to remarkably improve the crack detectability. SrcNet is experimentally validated using the digital images obtained using a climbing robot and an unmanned aerial vehicle from in situ concrete bridges located in South Korea. The validation test results reveal that the proposed SrcNet shows 24% better crack detectability compared to the crack detection results using the raw digital images.
Multimodal Learning Analytics research with young children: A systematic review

Learning Analytics and Multimodal Learning Analytics are changing the way of analysing the learning process while students interact with an educational content. This paper presents a systematic literature review aimed at describing practices in recent Multimodal Learning Analytics and Learning Analytics research literature in order to identify tools and strategies useful for the assessment of the progress and behaviour of children under 6 years old in respect of their learning. The purpose is to provide guidance for Multimodal Learning Analytics research with children under 6 years old to assess their engagement in a task, their emotions, attention, understanding and achievement of a goal. The current state of knowledge on Multimodal Learning Analytics research suggests how performance analytics, face and speech recognition systems, eye tracking, Kinect analytics and wristbands could be used with children. The results show the complexity of collecting data using non-invasive methodologies with children under 6 years old. Ethical implications related to multimodal data from audio, visual, biometric and quantitative measures of child behaviour are discussed.
The Evolution of Imitation André Orléan ( February 1998 ) Contribution to The Economics of Networks : Interaction and Behaviours

The model developed in this paper considers a population in which a proportion m is consituted of pure imitators and a proportion (1 m) is constituted of informed agents who take their decision on the sole basis of their private but noisy signal. We study the evolution of this population. We show that m follows a cyclical dynamics. In a rst phase, imitative agents obtain better payo¤s than informed agents and m increases. But when m reaches a certain threshold, imitation gives rise to a bubble: the collective opinion does not reect anymore the economic fundamentals; it reects othersopinion. When this situation is revealed, m rapidly decreases: the bubble bursts out and a new cycle begins. In this model herd behavior is analyzed as the consequence of informational inuences.
The effect of homogenization on texture of reduced dry matter processed cheese

Since the cost of processed cheese is high in Iran, in this research we studied the effect of homogenization at the pressures of 100, 150 and 200 bar on the quality and texture of processed cheese followed by reducing dry matter. Results showed no significant difference between the pH and dry matter of processed cheese samples at different pressures (p > 0.05). Also, different pressures of homogenization had no significant effect on overall acceptability (p > 0.05). With increasing homogenization pressure, texture improved significantly (p < 0.05). Homogenization treatment at the pressure of 200 bar had the highest influence on the improvement of the processed cheese texture.
Communicative functions of rhythm in spoken discourse - the case of radio broadcasting

Time is one of the most precious resources in the audio-visual media. Journalists working in radio broadcasting are particularly subject to time constraints. Their message has to be passed on by the speech signal in a few minutes or seconds without visual support of written text or pictures. Therefore, the message has to be structured in a way that the most important aspects of the information are made prominent and interesting for the audience. On the other hand, journalists have to keep in time and need strategies to orient themselves in time in order to achieve exact timing of their spoken discourse. In this article, I lend support to the notion that the rhythmic structure of speech is one of the major tools for journalists to succeed in this endeavor. First, I review some of the literature on the nature of speech rhythm and its role for speech perception, language acquisition, processing and interaction. Second, the state of the art about what we know about rhythmic prominence in radio broadcasting is given. Finally, the idea will be advanced that speech rhythm, sometimes in conjunction with gesture, improves timing and time estimation in journalists speaking on air. A rich set of literature from different domains is presented in order to identify major questions and pathways for future research on speech rhythm in radio broadcasting.
High performance of excitation system for synchronous generator based on modeling analysis

Mathematical description of electromechanical systems operation is powerful parameter to get high performance with practical implement of the systems. This paper describes a mathematical presentation for the behavior excitation system of synchronous generator based on the optimal values of the parameters. The study of the mathematical modeling for dynamics of excitation system required the knowledge for the effect of each parameter to get the typical values provided by the manufacturer implementing. The simulation of the final model which obtained was conducted on Matlab version 2019b. The final results of simulation for the mathematical model are satisfactory, and it proves the ability of independence this model as practical implement.
Generalizations of Permutation Statistics to Words and Labeled Forests

A classical result of MacMahon shows the equidistribution of the major index and inversion number over the symmetric groups. Since then, these statistics have been generalized in many ways, and many new permutation statistics have been defined, which are related to the major index and inversion number in may interesting ways. In this dissertation we study generalizations of some newer statistics over words and labeled forests. Foata and Zeilberger defined the graphical major index, majU , and the graphical inversion index, invU , for words over the alphabet {1, . , n}. In this dissertation we define a graphical sorting index, sorU , which generalizes the sorting index of a permutation. We then characterize the graphs U for which sorU is equidistributed with invU and majU on a single rearrangement class. Björner and Wachs defined a major index for labeled plane forests, and showed that it has the same distribution as the number of inversions. We define and study the distributions of a few other natural statistics on labeled forests. Specifically, we introduce the notions of bottom-to-top maxima, cyclic bottom-to-top maxima, sorting index, and cycle minima. Then we show that the pairs (inv,BT-max), (sor,Cyc), and (maj,CBT-max) are equidistributed. Our results extend the result of Björner and Wachs and generalize results for permutations. Lastly, we study the descent polynomial of labeled forests. The descent polynomial for permutations is known to be log-concave and unimodal. In this dissertation we discuss what properties are preserved in the descent polynomial of labeled forests.
Cheap optical transducers (CHOTs) for narrowband ultrasonic applications

We have developed an innovative ultrasonic transducer system (CHOT) which is optically excited by means of lasers. It can be used both for generation and detection of narrowband ultrasound and provides non-contact (or even remote), couplant-free generation and/or detection. It has also the advantage of being inexpensive to manufacture and the simplicity of its concept makes it ideal for industrial applications. In this study we present results where CHOTs have been used both for excitation and detection of surface acoustic waves. An initial theoretical model is also presented which describes the principle of operation.
Contribution of Underbalanced Drilling To Production Capacity at Olkaria Geothermal Steamfield in Kenya

The planned time to drill a geothermal well at Olkaria is sometimes exceeded by a big margin when down hole challenges are encountered whilst drilling. The geographical coordinates of Olkaria are 0 o 53'09"S and 36 o 16'12"E. The current drilling practice at the field is balanced pressure drilling. The common down hole problems encountered in the field are loss of circulation, well bore collapse, minimal Rate Of Penetration (ROP) and possible formation damage which consequently leads to reduced productivity of a well. It is evident that, the longer the drilling time, the higher the cost of the well. Underbalanced drilling is the application of drilling fluids to the bore at a pressure slightly lesser than the formation fluids pressure. If the process is well executed, it may lead to the reduction/elimination of most down hole challenges. This research was geared to establishing the effectiveness of Under Balanced Drilling (UBD) in solving the down hole problems experienced at the Olkaria geothermal field. In order to carry out this exercise, simulation of under balanced drilling conditions using the Hydraulic Underbalanced Simulator (HUBS) was done utilizing data from the field. Secondly, the economics of adopting under balanced drilling technology at the field was also done. Data from four geothermal wells namely OW 731A, OW915B, OW731 and OW804 was used in the simulation exercise. Analysis of loss of circulation to well productivity for a sample of 19 wells was also undertaken. Simulated annulus volume fraction profiles showed cuttings concentration of less than 5% and an optimum circulation flow rate of 0.03 m 3 /min. The costs associated with loss of circulation of drilling fluids on average amounts to USD 127,731.00. Most of the wells sampled had over 70% of the drilled depth experienced no loss of circulation during drilling. Wells which had a circulation regime of full returns, partial returns and no returns have shown that their productivity is higher compared to the other categories and had an average production capacity of 12.03 Mw Keywords:Underbalanced drilling, Formation damage, Rate of penetration, Loss of circulation and down hole challenges.
Understanding agency differently: female youth’s Muslim identities

ABSTRACT This paper draws on our recent research into Muslim youth identities to consider theoretical and methodological issues with respect to gender and Muslim women's agency. Western constructions of Muslim women often portray them in essentialised ways as subordinated and without agency. We take up alternative theoretical frameworks that illuminate the limitations of modern understandings of the self and agency, and in particular their problematic association of agency with autonomy. These alternative frameworks also alert us to the possibilities of a different ‘ethics of the self' in which cultivation of Islamic values and submission to the will of God can involve agonistic work on the self which is not without agency. They prompt us to consider the methodological limitations of our research approach, in particular how this agonistic work on the self could readily be flattened and rendered invisible within a focus group discussion. We reflect on the kinds of research spaces which could have been more productive for a richer portrayal of Muslim women's agency. We then turn to our data to explore the complex entanglements of our participants' submission and agency, indicating the different ways female youth assumed, negotiated, and contested ‘subordinated’ identities.
Identifying Participation of Individual Verbs or VerbNet Classes in the Causative Alternation

Verbs that participate in diathesis alternations have different semantics in their different syntactic environments, which need to be distinguished in order to process these verbs and their contexts correctly. We design and implement 8 approaches to the automatic identiﬁcation of the causative alternation in English (3 based on VerbNet classes, 5 based on individual verbs). For verbs in this alternation, the semantic roles that contribute to the meaning of the verb can be associated with different syntactic slots. Our most successful approaches use distributional vectors and achieve an F1 score of up to 79% on a balanced test set. We also apply our approaches to the distinction be-tween the causative alternation and the unex-pressed object alternation. Our best system for this is based on syntactic information, with an F1 score of 75% on a balanced test set.
The limitations of national cyber security sensor networks debunked : Why the human factor matters

Organizations recently started to exchange security relevant information on cyber incidents to timely mitigate the effects of newly discovered malware and other forms of cyber attacks. Moreover, state actors assume their role as information brokers through national cyber security centers and distribute warnings on new attack vectors and vital recommendations on how to mitigate them. Although many of these initiatives are effective to some degree, they also suffer from considerable limitations. When going beyond pure technical indicators, extensive human involvement is required to manually review, vet, enrich, analyze and distribute security information until relevant information reaches a decision maker. Recent research therefore proposes the automatic collection, analysis and preparation of security data to effectively overcome limiting scalability factors. While this seems to work at an organizational level, the elevation of these approaches to a crossorganizational and even national level is not straight forward. In this paper we investigate where and why the human factor seems irreplaceable. We shed light on the limitations of autonomous cyber security sensor networks at the national level and outline important research areas that need further attention in order to address the remaining issues.
Beware of q 2

Validation is a crucial aspect of any quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) modeling. This paper examines one of the most popular validation criteria, leave-one-out cross-validated R2 (LOO q2). Often, a high value of this statistical characteristic ( q2 > 0.5) is considered as a proof of the high predictive ability of the model. In this paper, we show that this assumption is generally incorrect. In the case of 3D QSAR, the lack of the correlation between the high LOO q2 and the high predictive ability of a QSAR model has been established earlier [Pharm. Acta Helv. 70 (1995) 149; J. Chemomet. 10 (1996) 95; J. Med. Chem. 41 (1998) 2553]. In this paper, we use two-dimensional (2D) molecular descriptors and k nearest neighbors ( kNN) QSAR method for the analysis of several datasets. No correlation between the values ofq2 for the training set and predictive ability for the test set was found for any of the datasets. Thus, the high value of LOO q2 appears to be the necessary but not the sufficient condition for the model to have a high predictive power. We argue that this is the general property of QSAR models developed using LOO cross-validation. We emphasize that the external validation is the only way to establish a reliable QSAR model. We formulate a set of criteria for evaluation of predictive ability of QSAR models. © 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
Mechanical properties and behaviour of concrete reinforced with spiral-shaped steel fibres under dynamic splitting tension

Concrete exhibits excellent resistance to compressive forces, but is brittle and weak in tension. Various types of fibres have been investigated by many researchers to improve the ductility and energy absorption capability of concrete materials and structures under static and blast and impact loadings. Spiral-shaped steel fibres were recently proposed as reinforcement in a concrete matrix and it was found that spiral fibre reinforcement can significantly improve the ductility, crack control ability and energy absorption capacity of concrete material under static and impact compressive loads. This paper presents an experimental study of the static and dynamic properties of steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) materials under splitting tension. SFRC materials mixed with spiral-shaped steel fibres of different volume fractions were prepared and tested. A high-speed camera was used to capture the deformation, failure and crack opening process of the tested specimens. The contribution of spiral fibres to the.