Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
n the association between land system architecture and land surface emperatures : Evidence from a Desert Metropolis — Phoenix , Arizona

The relationship between the characteristics of the urban land system and land surface temperature (LST) has received increasing attention in urban heat island and sustainability research, especially for desert cities. This research generally employs medium or coarser spatial resolution data and primarily focuses on the effects of a few classes of land-cover composition and pattern at the neighborhood or larger level using regression models. This study explores the effects of land system architecture—composition and configuration, both pattern and shape, of fine-grain land-cover classes—on LST of single family residential parcels in the Phoenix, Arizona (southwestern USA) metropolitan area. A 1 m resolution land-cover map is used to calculate land architecture metrics at the parcel level, and 6.8 m resolution MODIS/ASTER data are employed to retrieve LST. Linear mixed-effects models quantify the impacts of land configuration on LST at the parcel scale, controlling for the effects of land composition and neighborhood characteristics. Results indicate that parcel-level land-cover composition has the strongest association with daytime and nighttime LST, but the configuration of this cover, foremost compactness and concentration, also affects LST, with different associations between land architecture and LST at nighttime and daytime. Given information on land system architecture at the parcel level, additional information based on geographic and socioeconomic variables does not improve the generalization capability of the statistical models. The results point the way towards parcel-level land-cover design that helps to mitigate the urban heat island ies, a effect for warm desert cit ∗ Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: xiaoxia4@asu.edu (X. Li), yiannis76@asu.edu Y. Kamarianakis), yun.ouyang. 1@gmail.com (Y. Ouyang), Billie.L. Turner@asu.edu B.L. Turner II), abrazel@asu.edu (A. Brazel). ttp://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.landurbplan. 2017.02. 009 169-2046/© 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. lthough tradeoffs with other sustainability indicators must be considered. © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Sold a dream: An experimental test of the predictions of the Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion in a predatory student lending scenario

Understanding why consumers fall prey to fraud and scams is a critically important area of research. Yet few comprehensive models of fraud victimization exist. The Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion (ELM; Petty & Cacioppo, 1986) is a possible exception (e.g., Rusch, 1999; Langenderfer & Shimp, 2001; Lea et al., 2009), but the predictions of ELM remain to be empirically tested in a fraud-related decision context. Here, four experiments testing the predictions of ELM in a predatory student lending scenario are presented. Although results only partially supported the predictions of ELM, it is suggested that ELM can continue to serve as a useful framework to better understand consumers’ vulnerability to fraud. With 44 million student loan borrowers in the U.S. today owing a collective $1.48 trillion, it is critical that research continues to focus on better understanding disadvantageous decision-making in this context.
Impact of climate extremes on wildlife plant flowering over Germany

1. it would be interesting to see how the magnitude of a climate extreme is related to the shift in flowering dates (in days). This would strengthen the message of the paper . We thank the reviewer for making this important point. We fully agree that an analysis like the one proposed here would be a valuable additional aspect of the present manuscript. We have followed the corresponding recommendation and have made corresponding further calculations. In our revised manuscript, we plan to accordingly provide an additional figure, which will (among others) highlight some results of this analysis. Figures 1 and 2 in this response show first
A front - end for better behavioral synthesis

By allowing higher-leveldescriptions,behavioral synthesis hasbeenan important solution to copewith the growing complexity of thechips.However, its efficiency hasnever mettheoneof RTL synthesis. Our goal is to definea flow for automatically convertingsuchhigh-level specifications to onesthat canbe efficiently handled by synthesistools. Thisflow canbeseenasa front-endfor thosetools.
Identification of Salt-responsive Biosynthesis Genes in Rice via Microarray

We used a multiple screening process to identify genes involved in salt tolerance–specific biosynthesis and metabolism in rice (Oryza sativa L.). We selected 8,275 salt tolerance–related candidate genes using expression profiles generated across four stages on a microarray containing 135,000 probes (135 K microarray) in Oryza sativa. Using our method, we screened 342 ortholog genes, and 74 pathway genes associated with salt –response–related biosynthesis. Finally, we identified six genes by comparison of pathway-network genes and orthologous genes. The six genes were anchored to the chromosomes of rice to characterize their genetic-map positions and were used to construct the phylogenetic tree. The results were verified by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction.
Multiple Dispatching Reactive Power and Voltage Coordinated Control Method

This paper studies the reactive power and voltage coordinated control scheme. According to the characteristics of Hunan power grid, the coordinated schemes about Hunan power grid with Central China Power Grid, as well as Changsha power grid are proposed. At the same time, this paper builds a two-way interactive and multiple dispatching reactive power and voltage coordinated control mode, and can be successfully applied in Hunan power grid. The operation results show that this control scheme fulfills the ability of large power grids in optimal allocating of resources, effectively integrates the reactive power resources of the entire grid, achieves the purpose of reducing power grid loss, improving voltage quality, reducing the operating numbers of the reactive power equipment.
IN RELATION TO EFFECTUAL BUG TRIAGE WITH COMPUTER PROGRAM INFORMATION REDUCTION METHODS

Software organizations spend more than 45 percent of cost in managing programming bugs. An unavoidable stride of settling bugs is bug triage, which intends to effectively dole out a designer to another bug. To diminish the time cost in manual work, content characterization systems are connected to lead programmed bug triage. In this paper, we address the issue of information decrease for bug triage, i.e., how to diminish the scale and enhance the nature of bug information. We consolidate occasion choice with highlight determination to all the while diminish information scale on the bug measurement and the word measurement. To decide the request of applying case choice and highlight determination, we separate characteristics from authentic bug informational indexes and assemble a prescient model for another bug informational collection. We experimentally research the execution of information lessening on absolutely 600,000 bug reports of two vast open source ventures, to be specific Eclipse and Mozilla. The outcomes demonstrate that our information lessening can viably decrease the information scale and enhance the precision of bug triage. Our work gives a way to deal with utilizing procedures on information handling to shape lessened and top notch bug information in programming advancement and upkeep.
PHYLOGENETIC AND POPULATION GENETIC ASSESSMENT OFRAFINESQUE’S BIG-EARED BAT ( CORYNORHINUS RAFINESQUII )

Rafinesque’s big-eared bat (Corynorhinus rafinesquii) is distributed across the Southeastern United States. Due to habitat loss and low population numbers, this species is a Federal species of concern and protected by every State within its range. Effective management of any species of concern is dependent on an unambiguous understanding of taxonomic relationships. However, for this species, there are discordant inferences about subspecific designations from previous studies. Further, there have been no assessments of population genetic status for this species. Such assessments could provide information on genetic diversity and population connectivity and increase our understanding of the need for management and conservation of this species. Therefore, our goals were to assess population level genetic diversity and connectivity among 5 colonies in Arkansas (139 individuals) and to infer the evolutionary relationships of these bats to C. rafinesquii collected across its distribution (additional 216 individuals). We used mitochondrial DNA control region sequences and 11 microsatellite loci to infer genetic relationships, estimate levels of genetic diversity, and examine population connectivity among 5 colonies in Arkansas. Although we identified two phylogenetically divergent mitochondrial DNA lineages, these correspond to neither current subspecific designation nor nonoverlapping geographical groups. Genetic diversity and population connectivity estimated from mitochondrial DNA was high in Arkansas populations probably due to occurrence of both evolutionary lineages within each colony. However, estimates from microsatellite DNA of genetic diversity, population connectivity, and effective population sizes in these populations were low. Further, our results suggested a weak signal of population bottleneck in Arkansas colonies and low genetic connectivity. Current conservation efforts should continue to focus on protection of roosts and improvement of habitat corridors to connect populations. Citation for proceedings: Loeb, Susan C. ; Lacki, Michael J.; Miller, Darren A. , eds. 2011. Conservation and management of eastern big-eared bats: a symposium. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-145. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 157 p.
An Empirical Study on the Characteristics of Program Control Flow Data

Program control flow described in the program dictates its behavior. To have the software behavior dependable and trustworthy, it is critical to secure the program control flow data. Software faults and attacks cause unwanted control flow transfers in program execution via compromised control flow data. However, there are surprisingly little studies on the characteristics of program control flow data. To represent a program control flow, one needs information on the source and the destination, preferably also the path to reach the source, of each control transfer instance. Since they together represent each control transfer instance uniquely, it can be considered a program behavior signature. This paper reports how many unique sources and destinations there are in the execution profiles. The profiled execution traces show that the number of unique control flow transfer instances are surprisingly low, which suggest that confining the program control flow within the set of the unique control flow transfers are feasible in practice. With the control flow confinement, software behavior would be within the expected scope, avoiding unexpected mis-behavior, which leads to more dependable and secure environment for IoT (Internet of Things) and CPS (Cyber Physical System).
Application of Microwave Heating in Biomass Hydrolysis and Pretreatment for Ethanol Production

Recently, due to depletion of fossil derived energy stock in the world, there are growing interests in utilizing biomass sources of bioethanol. There are basically two types of biomass that are usually used or converted to ethanol, starchy and lignocellulosic biomass. The conversion of starchy and lignocellulosic materials are widely explored, however, there are still some drawbacks, such as high enzyme cost and intensive energy needed. Therefore, lower cost as well as energy and time efficient process technology in biomass conversion to ethanol is important in enhancing the use of biomass to substitute fossil fuel. Microwave heating offers some advantages to overcome these drawbacks, especially due to its quick heat transfer and its heating selectivity. In conventional heating the heat was transferred through conduction or convection process which took longer time. Thus, by using microwave, degradation of starchy and lignocellulosic biomass could be completed in shorter time than by using conventional heating method. The roles of microwave heating in the degradation of biomass, especially starchy and lignocellulosic biomass and its relation to the hydrolysis and pretreatment of that particular biomass for ethanol production are reviewed and discussed. Keywords : biomass, pretreatment, ethanol, microwave
An Assessment of the Effects of Item Difficulty and Examinee Ability on the Effectiveness of LZ Appropriateness Index

This study investigated the effectiveness of LZ appropriateness index in detecting aberrant response patterns under nine combinations of item difficulty and examinee’s ability distributions, type of aberrance, and level of aberrance. Data was generated in nine combinations of item difficulty and examinee ability to simulate the responses of 2000 non-aberrant examinees’ response patterns to a 60-item test according to three-parameter model. Three uniform distributions of item difficulty were used. Two samples each consisting of 500 normal response vectors (one for spuriously low and one for spuriously high modifications) were also generated in each of the nine combinations and subjected to spurious treatment. An examinee with a spuriously high test score was simulated by selecting 20% or 10% of the examinee's original responses without replacement and changing incorrect answers to correct, but they were left unchanged if correct. An examinee with a spuriously low test score was simulated by first randomly selecting 20% or 10% of the examinee's original responses without replacement and changing correct responses to incorrect, but they were left unchanged if incorrect. LZ appropriateness index was then computed for the aberrant response vectors. The effectiveness of LZ index was evaluated by examining the extent to which it separated normal and aberrant response vectors solely on the basis of appropriateness index scores. The percentile estimates obtained for each index at each false positive rate were used as cutoff scores. The LZ index identified higher proportions of aberrant response patterns in the 20% spuriously low treatment samples than in the 20% spuriously high treatment samples. Ten percent spuriously low aberrant response samples were also found to be more detectable than the 10% spuriously high aberrant response patterns. The detection rates of the 20% and the 10% spuriously high aberrant response patterns by LZ index were found to be higher under high item difficulty parameters, and were found to be low under the low item difficulty parameters. This is not surprising as it is expected that more responses are changed from incorrect to correct and fewer responses are changed from correct to incorrect under high item difficulty parameters. The 20% and the 10% spuriously low aberrant response patterns were also more detectable under the low item difficulty parameters because more responses are changed from correct to incorrect and fewer are changed from incorrect to correct under the low item difficulty parameters. Keywords: Appropriateness index, effectiveness, maximum likelihood index, validity.
Screening and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activities of Selected Naphthalene Compounds

The antioxidant activities of twelve naphthalene compounds containing (E)-1-((3-iodophenylimino)methyl) naphthalen2-ol (NAPH1), (E)-1-((3-bromophenylimino) methyl) naphthalen-2-ol (NAPH2), E)-1-((4-bromo-2-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylimino) methyl) naphthalen-2-ol, (E)-1-((4-bromo-2-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylimino) methyl)naphthalen-2-ol (NAPH3), (E)-1-((2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl) phenylimino) methyl) naphthalen-2-ol (NAPH4), (E)-1-((naphthalen-2ylimino) methyl) naphthalen-2-ol (NAPH5), (E)-1-((2-bromo-3-methylphenylimino) methyl) naphthalen-2-ol (NAPH6), (E)-N-((2-ethoxynaphthalen-1-yl)methylene)-3-methylaniline (NAPH7), (E)-4-ethoxy-N-((2-ethoxynaphthalen-1-yl) methylene) aniline (NAPH8), (E)-N-((2-ethoxynaphthalen-1-yl) methylene) naphthalen-1-amine (NAPH9), (E)-1-(2,5difluorophenyl)-N-((2-ethoxynaphthalen-1-yl) methylene) methanamine (NAPH10), (E)-N-((2-ethoxynaphthalen-1-yl) methylene)-4-fluoroaniline (NAPH11), (E)-N-((2-ethoxynaphthalen-1-yl)methylene)-2-ethylaniline (NAPH12) were investigated in vitro by antioxidant activity (phosphomolybdenum assay), reducing power, H2O2 scavenging activity, metal chelating effects and lipid peroxidation. Scavenging activities of the naphthalen compounds were tested against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals. Most of them are potent antioxidant, radical superoxide anion scavengers and in vitro inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The compounds; NAPH5, NAPH10 and NAPH12 were found to exhibit promising antioxidant profiles at 10 and 50 mM concentrations. Among these, NAPH5 at higher concentration was the most active compound in inhibiting lipid peroxidation as shown in the homogenates of kidney, heart and spleen. The presented results validate that NAPH5, NAPH10 and NAPH12 can be possessed as a source of antioxidant potential and a rich source of synthetic antioxidant for medicinal or foods.
Generation and characterization of bound entanglement in optical qubits

For efficient quantum information processing (QIP), pure and strong entanglement in qubits has been thought to be indispensable. However, it was recently pointed out that bound entangled states, which involve undistillable entanglement between qubits, also have great potential for QIP. In this paper, we report the efficient generation of a four-qubit bound entangled state referred to as the Smolin state using photon polarization qubits. We observed the unlockable bound entanglement which is the specific property of the Smolin state.
Tribal Diversity, Political Patronage and the Yemeni Decentralization Experiment

Patronage is a tool used throughout the world to reward political allies. In this paper I create a dataset of Yemeni tribes to explore their role in an educational patronage network that accounts for upwards of 6% of the entire Yemeni government budget. My analysis has two key results. First, conditional on a rich set of controls, I find that the number of tribes has a significant impact on the quantity of patronage. This impact is negative between regions, though positive within regions, as regions with more tribes have less patronage while sub-regions with more tribes have more patronage. The contrast between these effects illustrates the differing influence of tribes in local and national politics. Second, I find no evidence that a recent decentralization reform affected this patronage network. The paper provides insight into how pre-Islamic institutions have an important role in the development outcomes of the Muslim Middle East and why decentralization reforms proposed for countries similar to Yemen, such as Afghanistan and Somalia, may be ineffective in weakening the power of local elites. ∗PhD Candidate, Department of Economics. E-mail: egel@econ.berkeley. edu. I thank Barry Eichengreen, Bryan Graham and Ted Miguel for their encouragement and support throughout this project. Robert Anderson, Fred Finan and Avner Greif provided valuable advice and helpful comments. I am deeply indebted to Lamis Aliryani, Betty Sadoulet and Alain de Janvry and the Social Fund for Development for supporting my fieldwork in Yemen. Nada Alhajjri, Mohammed Almawri, Mervat Al-Naimee, Ahmed Barakani, Ahmed Basharahi, Marta Colburn, Roberta Contin, Khalid Moheyddeen, Kunera Moore and Tareq Yeslam provided very helpful discussions during my stay in Yemen. I also thank Garret Christensen, Juan Sebastian Lleras, Guillermo Noguera, Jonathan Rose, Anna Spurlock, Chloe Thurston, Philippe Wingender and Lanwei Yang and participants in the Berkeley Development Lunch and the Stanford Labor and Development Reading Group for helpful discussions and comments. The data collection would not have been possible without Fayadh Alnageeb’s excellent research assistance and ability to coordinate my team of Yemeni researchers.
A Regression Model Explaining Predisposition to Collaborate

Using a sample of 645 nonprofit organizations in Canada, the authors construct and validate a regression model to explain predisposition to collaborate. Organizational factors such as size and type (feminist or not) were found to be related to the extent of formal collaborative activity. However, the strength of these factors as predictors of behavior was amplified or reduced by the intervening perception of the impact of environmental changes. In addition, the perception of these pressures was shown to intensify the motivation to collaborate, which in turn increases the probability of engaging in formal interorganizational activity. This study contributes to the body of knowledge about collaboration because previous research has not investigated the influence of a combination of factors on collaborative behavior.
Climate model biases in the eastern tropical oceans: causes, impacts and ways forward

The eastern boundaries of the tropical and subtropical oceans are regions of high biological productivity that support some of the world's largest fisheries. They also feature extensive stratocumulus cloud decks that play a pivotal role in the response of the climate system to greenhouse gas forcing. Global climate models experience great difficulties simulating eastern boundary regions, with one of the most notable shortcomings being warm sea‐surface temperature biases that often exceed 5 K. These model biases are due to several reasons. (1) Weaker than observed alongshore winds lead to an underrepresentation of upwelling and alongshore currents and the cooling associated with them. (2) Stratocumulus decks and their effects on shortwave radiation are underpredicted in the models. (3) The offshore transport of cool waters by mesoscale eddies is not adequately represented by global models due to insufficient resolution. (4) The sharp vertical temperature gradient separating the warm upper ocean layer from the deep ocean is too diffuse in the models. More work will be required to assess the relative importance of these error sources and to find ways of mitigating them. Coordinated multi‐model experiments are vital to achieve this goal, as are enhanced ocean and atmosphere observations of the eastern boundary regions. To what extent eastern ocean biases compromise the models' ability to produce accurate seasonal predictions, and climate change projections should be another focus of research efforts. WIREs Clim Change 2015, 6:345–358. doi: 10.1002/wcc.338
Interview with Sandeep Gautam, MD, FHRS

Radiation exposure during ablation for cardiac arrhythmias has long been considered a ‘‘necessary evil,’’ with the potential of radiation exposure during cardiac ablation procedures well documented. Despite the improvements in electroanatomic mapping techniques over the last 20 years, fluoroscopy continues to be the primary imaging modality for intracardiac ablation procedures in the adult patient, although fluoroless ablation is being practiced in the pediatric population. The ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) principle maintains that there is no measurable lower safe dose for radiation, and encourages ‘‘every reasonable effort to maintain exposures to ionizing radiation as far below the dose limits as practical. ’’ There have been some reports and case series of both simple and complex arrhythmias in adults being performed without fluoroscopy, mostly using a combination of three-dimensional electroanatomic mapping techniques, intracardiac echocardiogram (ICE), and remote magnetic navigation systems. However, use of fluoroless ablation remains extremely sporadic, most likely owing to concerns about procedural safety, efficacy, and efficiency.