Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases. Principles and Practices

The author is affiliated with the School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley. He emphasizes in the preface that this book is designed to provide a background and practices of epidemiology that take advantage of new molecular biology tools to solve infectious disease problems.The main goal of this book is to introduce interested epidemiologists to the standard vocabulary of molecular biology, interested molecular biologists to the basic concepts of epidemiology, and interested clinicians to the vocabulary and concepts of both disciplines. The volume is composed of 12 sections subdivided into chapters and subchapters. Section 1 is intended to give the introduction to principles and approaches while discussing differentiating molecular epidemiology from taxonomy and phylogeny, and application to epidemiology of molecular strain-typing methods. Sections 2 and 3 focus on laboratory methods used for strain typing of pathogens: conventional and molecular techniques and PCR-based strain typing methods. Sections 4 through 6 are devoted to the analysis of similarity and relatedness in molecular epidemiology, to distinguishing epidemic and endemic occurrence in infectious diseases, and to stratification and refinement of data in epidemiologic investigations. Subsequent sections 7 through 9 comprise distinguishing Riley, L. W.
Cost-effective modeling of the transmission dynamics of malaria: A case study in Bangladesh

Abstract Each year infectious disease such as malaria causes severe population loss in both the developing and developed countries. Modeling of malaria is considered one of the effective ways to understand and mitigate this problem. This article develops a reliable quantitative modeling technique to support the design and characterization of the malaria disease in Bangladesh. Results reveal that the effects of some influencing factors such as service factors (i.e., lack of budgets in government agencies, antiviral medicine, and poor quality of service facilities), disease related factors (i.e., nutrition status and existing illness), environmental factors (i.e., urbanization and crowdedness), and sociological factors (i.e., education and religious believes) are significant. In particular, social factor education showed significant multidimensional impacts to the occurrence of the disease and its mitigation. A poor educational status leads to a range of impacts through (i) lack of awareness in the causes of malaria, severity of health effect and how and where to access the treatment services, (ii) refusal of vaccination, and (iii) unfamiliarity with good health and nutritional facts contributing to nutrition status. The study also provides the prediction of new cases in malaria until 2025 using the developed model and recommends, control strategies of malaria.
Nový mechanizmus v léčbě karcinomu ledviny: m-TOR - nová cílová struktura

Signalni kaskada PI3K/Akt/mTOR je jednou z hlavnich drah podilejicich se na procesu kancerogeneze a tedy i důležitým cilem onkologicke lecby. Inhibice teto drahy se stala slibným cilem výzkumu, jelikož aberace v jednotlivých složkach teto signalni drahy se vyskytuji u sirokeho spektra nadorových onemocněni. Pro světlobuněcný karcinom ledviny je typicka nadměrna exprese HIF-alfa, vedouci předevsim k akumulaci proangiogennich faktorů a nasledně k indukci angiogeneze. Teto skutecnosti využivaji v soucasne době 2 dostupne skupiny leků s odlisným mechanizmem ucinku. Jedna se o terapii proti VEGF (R), ktera předevsim negativně ovlivňuje nadorovou angiogenezi a inhibitory drahy mTOR, ktere maji přimý antitumorozni efekt vcetně schopnosti navozeni zastavy buněcneho cyklu v G1 fazi a indukci apoptozy.
Aneurisma da Artéria Renal - caso clínico Renal Artery Aneurysm - case report

One case of a large left renal artery aneurysm in a young patient 22 years old is presented. He appealed to his assistant physician a few weeks after development of left back pain. Abdominal ultrasound imaging study has been requested. Suggestive abdominal aortic aneurysm was detected. This finding led to the transfer to our hospital where he was admitted conscious and hemodynamically stable. A pulsatile epigastric mass with a systolic murmur on auscultation and thrill were detected. Angio-CT scan revealed a left renal artery aneurysm, 16 cm in diameter. Given the clinical stability and lesional topography we decide a previous embolization of left renal artery, unsuccessfully. The patient underwent then left total nephrectomy, through thoraco-abdominal incision. No local or systemic complications in the postoperative period. Discharged at 8th day maintaining normal renal function and hemoglobin levels. | R E S U M O | Apresenta-se o caso clínico de um doente com volumoso aneurisma da artéria renal esquerda. Do sexo masculino, de 22 anos de idade, com lombalgia à esquerda com algumas semanas de evolução. Recorreu ao médico assistente que solicitou estudo imagiológico por ecografia abdominal. Detectada imagem sugestiva de aneurisma da
Udder morphology, milk production and udder health in small ruminants: a review

In recent years there has been an increasing trend in research of sheep and goat udder morphology, not only from the view of its suitability for machine milking, but also in terms of milk yield and mammary gland health. More precisely, herds consisting of high-yielding sheep and goats as a result of long-term and one-sided selection to increase milk yield, have been characterised by distortion of the udder morphology caused by increasing the pressure of udder weight on its suspensory system. Along with the deteriorated milking traits, which is negatively reflected on the udder health, some udder morphology traits are often emphasized as factor of production longevity of dairy sheep and goats. Since the intention of farmers and breeders nowadays is to increase the milk yield of sheep and goats while maintaining desirable udder morphology and udder health, the aim of this paper is to give a detailed overview of the current knowledge about the relationship of morphological udder traits with milk yield, and the health of the mammary gland of sheep and goats. External measures of udder size (circumference, width and depth of the udder) are strongly correlated with milk production in sheep and goats. The morphological udder traits determining its suitability for machine milking (such as teat position and teat angle, udder depth, teat size, cistern height) are related to the mammary gland health in sheep and goats. Thus, the incidence of mastitis is noticeably higher in the udders of unsuitable shape for machine milking (deep and hung udders, unfavourable position of teats, etc.). Consequently, the morphological udder traits that affect the milkability of sheep and goats are indirectly related to milk yield.
Right singular vector projection graphs: fast high dimensional covariance matrix estimation under latent confounding

We consider the problem of estimating a high dimensional p×p covariance matrix Σ, given n observations of confounded data with covariance Σ+ΓΓT , where Γ is an unknown p×q matrix of latent factor loadings. We propose a simple and scalable estimator based on the projection onto the right singular vectors of the observed data matrix, which we call right singular vector projection (RSVP). Our theoretical analysis of this method reveals that, in contrast with approaches based on the removal of principal components, RSVP can cope well with settings where the smallest eigenvalue of ΓTΓ is relatively close to the largest eigenvalue of Σ, as well as when the eigenvalues of ΓTΓ are diverging fast. RSVP does not require knowledge or estimation of the number of latent factors q, but it recovers Σ only up to an unknown positive scale factor. We argue that this suffices in many applications, e.g. if an estimate of the correlation matrix is desired. We also show that, by using subsampling, we can further improve the performance of the method. We demonstrate the favourable performance of RSVP through simulation experiments and an analysis of gene expression data sets collated by the GTEX consortium.
Influence of maternal HbA1C on fetal insulin levels

Background: Gestational diabetes is the most common medical complication during pregnancy. The objective of this study was to study the effect of maternal HbA1C levels on fetal insulin levels. Methods: Study was conducted at KIMS. 57 babies born to eligible diabetic pregnant women aged between19 to 40 years with gestational age between 35 and 42 weeks were recruited. Multiple births, gestational age 20 minutes in cord blood collection, delay of >60 minutes before freezing of plasma were excluded. Maternal investigations (HbA1C) were collected from maternal records. Umbilical cord blood was collected immediately after delivery and insulin levels were measured . Results: In this study, mean cord blood insulin levels were 7.83±3.53 μU/ml, mother’s mean HbA1C levels were 6.47±1.26. Statistically significant association was found between maternal HbA1C levels and fetal insulin levels. (r 0.37; P 0.004). Conclusions: Increased cord blood insulin levels were found in infants of diabetic mothers at birth, more so in large for gestation age babies, suggesting inutero fetal programming and hence strict control of maternal diabetes is recommended to decrease long-term fetal effects.
Does the LNG-IUD decrease BMD in adolescent females?

We don’t know. Use of a levonorgestrel intrauterine device (LNG-IUD) in women of 25 to 48 years does not appear to decrease bone mineral density (BMD) over seven to 10 years (SOR:C, three cohort studies of disease-oriented outcomes). In a case report of a 21-year-old patient, BMD decreased after eight years of use, with serum estradiol levels in the postmenopausal range and normalizing after LNG-IUD removal (SOR: C, single case report with mechanism-based reasoning). Copyright © 2019 by Family Physicians Inquiries Network, Inc. DOI 10.1097/EBP.0000000000000601
Investigation into post-adoption usage of mobile ICTs in Australian construction projects

Purpose While mobile Information and Communication Technologies (mobile ICTs) have been adopted by many construction organisations, research on the usage of mobile technologies in the context of construction project management has been scarce. Against this background, the purpose of this paper is to enhance the understanding of how Construction Management Professionals (CMPs) currently use mobile ICTs at work and the factors affecting their usage of mobile ICTs in the context of the Australian construction industry. Design/methodology/approach In this research, the aim is addressed by a survey-based empirical research approach. A questionnaire was used to collect data about CMPs’ current mobile ICT usage and the factors affecting the usage. Then, relative importance index, factor analysis and χ2 test were used to identify the most significant factors affecting their mobile ICT usage. Findings This research found that user characteristics such as age or years of experience are not the major factors affecting CMPs’ mobile ICT usage. The research also found that there are several barriers hindering an effective usage of mobile ICTs, namely work-family spillover, system quality issues, inconsistency in the way of using mobile ICTs among CMPs and the lack of organisational support. Originality/value The results of this research imply that to fully reap the potential benefits of mobile ICTs in construction projects, those barriers need to be addressed appropriately at the individual, organisational and industry levels. Also, this research informs construction organisations of how mobile ICTs can be deployed and used in the most cost-effective way in their projects.
Individualized as opposed to standardized care for glaucoma patients – the key to success. The use of the DDLS and the Colored Glaucoma Graph

streszczeNie Jaskra jest globalnie pierwszą przyczyną nieodwracalnej ślepoty. Statystyki opierające się na licznych randomizowanych badaniach naukowych, prowadzonych na całym świecie od wielu lat, nie zawsze znajdują zastosowanie wobec konkretnego, indywidualnego pacjenta. Ma to miejsce w przypadku wielu „statystycznie” prawidłowych lub nieprawidłowych wartości, zarówno w kwestiach medycznych, jak i niemedycznych. Te niedostatki wynikające z szablonowego podejścia do pacjenta są szczególnie istotne w diagnostyce i leczeniu jaskry. W niniejszym artykule zwracamy uwagę na trudności w definiowaniu „przeciętnego” jako „zdrowego” oraz „odbiegającego od statystycznej normy” jako „chorego”. Lepszą drogą dla danego pacjenta jest traktowanie jako punktu odniesienia jego samego. Przykładowo, wiek chorego nie stanowi zbyt dobrego prognostyku jaskry – ważniejsze jest oszacowanie przewidywanej długości życia. Nie jest to trudne, biorąc pod uwagę inne czynniki zdrowotne niż sam wiek. W poniższym artykule przedstawiamy nasze spojrzenie na diagnostykę, rozpoznawanie, monitorowanie i rokowanie w jaskrze w ujęciu nie tylko okulistycznym, ale także humanistycznym.
Knowledge and Awareness of Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Study of a Large Private University in Botswana

This study sought to evaluate awareness and knowledge of diabetes mellitus, an important global disease, among staff at a large private university in Botswana. Findings point to a general lack of awareness and knowledge about the disease among the university staff. Respondents consisted of 63% lecturing and 37% non-lecturing staff. The distribution by gender was roughly 50-50. Overall awareness of diabetes mellitus was 66% of respondents awareness being higher for females at (34%) compared to men’s 32%. Knowledge about the important risk factors for diabetes was low. Knowledge about the important symptoms of the disease was not impressive. This is an important factor in early diagnosis and onset of management. Lack of knowledge about curability of the disease was very high at 85% of respondents. Of the possible pathological effects of the disease, respondents seemed to be more aware of the development blindness than others. These statistics may be indicative of a more distributed problem in country given the fact that such results came from “enlightened” members of the community.
Analysis of Treatment-Related Factors Affecting Mortality in Patients with Severe Necrotizing Acute Pancreatitis

Summary The aim of the paper was to determine the factors related to the initial therapy that may contribute to death from severe necrotizing acute pancreatitis and to analyze their clinical importance as well as possible additive effects. A retrospective case-control study included all adult patients treated for severe necrotizing acute pancreatitis in the Clinical Center of Kragujevac, Serbia, during the five-year period (2006-2010.). The cases (n = 41) were patients who died, while the controls (n = 69) were participants who survived. In order to estimate the relationship between potential risk factors and observed outcome, crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated in logistic regression models. Significant association with observed outcome was shown for the use of gelatin and/or hydroxyethyl starch (adjusted OR 12.555; 95 % CI 1.150-137.005), use of albumin (adjusted OR 27.973; 95 % CI 1.741-449.373), use of octreotide (adjusted OR 16.069; 95 % CI 1.072-240.821) and avoiding of enteral feeding (adjusted OR 3.933; 95 % CI 1.118-13.829), while the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs had protective role (adjusted OR 0.057; 95 % CI 0.004-0.805). The risk of death in patients with predicted severe necrotizing acute pancreatitis could be reduced with avoidance of treatment with colloid solutions, albumin and octreotide, as well as with an early introduction of oral/enteral nutrition and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Desenvolvimento Territorial sob a Perspectiva da Nova Sociologia Econômica

O estudo do desenvolvimento territorial exige um arcabouco teorico robusto que consiga explicar os processos de desenvolvimento de territorios, em um espaco heterogeneo, que considere a historicidade e o complexo comportamento humano. Com isso, esse trabalho tenta buscar na Nova Sociologia Economica (NSE) elementos que sirvam de base metodologica para o estudo dos territorios, visto que a economia neoclassica nao possui essa capacidade explicativa, muito como resultado direto do proprio metodo que utiliza. Para isso, o artigo se subdivide em tres secoes, sendo que a primeira se ocupa da Economia Neoclassica a Nova Sociologia Economica; a segunda da Nova Sociologia Economica em si; e a terceira dos pressupostos historico-teoricos do desenvolvimento territorial.
A LiPO2F2/LiPF6 dual-salt electrolyte enabled stable cycling performance of nickel-rich lithium ion batteries

In this work, a dual-lithium salt was proposed for constructing an electrolyte for high energy density lithium ion batteries. LiPO2F2 was composed with traditional LiPF6 to enhance the high voltage performance of the electrolyte. The electrochemical performance of the NCM811/Li cells with LiPO2F2/LiPF6 dual-lithium salt at 2.8–4.5 V was investigated. It was found that the dual-lithium salt can inhibit the oxidative decomposition of the electrolyte, suppress the dissolution of the transition metal ions in the electrode material, and reduce the side reaction between the transition metal ions and the electrolyte. We believe that the strategy of a dual-lithium salt electrolyte may provide a new idea to stabilize the electrode/electrolyte interface at high voltage, which is very important for developing high energy density batteries.
Photochemical Study of Different Thicknesses of Polystyrene Films Containing Ni(II) Complex against photodegradation

Ni (II) with 4-amino-5-(pyridyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiolcomplex was synthesized and used as a photostabilizer for polystyrene (PS) films. Polystyrene has been dissolved with Ni (II) complex in chloroform solvent to form PS films in different thickness (40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 μm), which containing 0.5 w\v% concentration, and casting method was used to remove chloroform. The photostabilization activity of these compounds was determined by monitoring the carbonyl index, weight loss method with irradiation time and morphology study. There are several mechanisms were predict according to the results acquired, depending on the structure of the complex: a) UV. absorber or screening, b) peroxide decomposer, and c) radical scavengers.
The role of pneumovirus in swollen head syndrome of chickens: review

A pneumovirus is known to be the primary causative agent of turkey rhinotracheitis (TRT) and appears tobe associated with swollen head syndrome (SHS), egg production losses and respiratory diseases complex in chickens. Swollen head ryndro! Jle (SHS) has become a serious economic problem in many countries. The syndrome has been described and identified in all countries where tests for it have been carried out (Table 1). The. infection causes high economic lasses by increasing mortahty, mcreasu:g medication costs, dropping in egg product1on, reduct1on of egg shell quality, and decreasing hatchability.
Retrieval of a well-established skill is resistant to distraction: Evidence from an implicit probabilistic sequence learning task

The characteristics of acquiring new sequence information under dual-task situations have been extensively studied until now. Performing such a concurrent task has often been found to affect performance. In real life, however, we mostly perform a secondary task when the primary one is already well-acquired. The effect of a dual-task on the ability to retrieve well-established sequence representations remains elusive. The present study investigated whether accessing a well-acquired probabilistic sequence knowledge is affected by a concurrent task. Participants acquired non-adjacent regularities in an implicit probabilistic sequence learning task. After a 24-hour offline period, we tested the participants on the sequence learning task under dual-task or single-task conditions. Here we show that although the dual-task condition significantly prolonged the overall reaction times in the primary task, the access to the previously learned probabilistic representations remained intact. Moreover, we found an inverse relationship between the ability to successfully retrieve sequence knowledge and the accuracy of the secondary task, which fits in well with the hypothesis of competition between model-based and model-free processes. Our results highlight the importance of studying the dual-task effect not only in the learning phase but also during memory access.
Macrocyclic multinuclear metal complexes acting as catalysts for organic synthesis

Metal clusters in nature and artificial systems are known to exhibit excellent catalytic activities. Among various coordination systems, macrocyclic multinuclear metal complexes have unique structural features and great potential in organic synthesis. The multiple metal centers in a macrocyclic framework act as specific sites for the binding and activation of substrates, showing high catalytic activity and selectivity as a result of the cooperative effect of the multiple metal centers and robustness originating from macrocyclic skeletons. Most of them are precisely designed and synthesized, while occasionally, nice complexes also emerge from a fortuitous combination of metal ions and ligands. Here we overview the recent achievements of (i) multinuclear metal complexes with a covalently-linked macrocyclic ligand (category A), (ii) multinuclear metal complexes forming a macrocyclic skeleton (category B), and (iii) self-assembled supramolecular coordination complexes (category C). Various organic reactions catalyzed by these coordination systems are summarized here.
Psychiatrie de liaison : L'empathie

L'empathie, dont on parle depuis plus d'un siecle de manieres differentes, intervient de facon tres importante dans la relation medecin-malade comme une attitude non jugeante du clinicien. Celui-ci developpealors une ecoute et une observation particuliere, mettant en oeuvre son «analyseur corporel». Il indique au patient sa comprehension de ses affects. Le patient se sentant compris souffrira moins, adherera en general mieux au traitement, et les resultats en seront meilleurs. L'empathie, cependant, n'est pas toujours facile a eprouver, mais elle peut s'acquerir.
Business Value Assessment for Global Service Provider Industry: Opportunities and Solution

The problem of estimating the business value of the information system lies in heart of business process and function, which are the organization architecture that it is a very complex work to be dealt with. Therefore, there are a large number of aspects such as the trend, regulation, etc. that need to be evaluated to get the appropriate results, although in order to reduce investment and operation costs, these aspects cannot be neglected to avoid the result contain high degree of uncertainty. This paper presents results in assessing the business value of IT projects in global service provider industries, with the objective to support and provide more reliable and high quality information on potential futures contracts with relatively low investigation costs. This method contains four architectural frameworks consisting of business, data, applications and technology architecture.