Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regularly alternating L,D‐peptides. III. Hexacyclic peptides from valine or phenylalanine

In the present paper we describe the single‐crystal x‐ray analyses of two cyclic hexapeptides containing an equal number of alternating L,D‐residues as putative analogues of the metal binding compounds, enniatin and beauvericine. Both the molecules of c(L‐Val‐D‐Val)3 and c(L‐Phe‐D‐Phe)3 retain in the solid state the center of symmetry and crystallize with six and eight trifluoroacetic acid molecules, respectively. The peptides are strongly hydrogen bonded to the solvent molecules. We estimate, on the basis of the molecular geometry and spatial arrangement of the peptide carbonyl groups and in comparison with other metal binding cyclic peptides, the ability of these molecules to interact with metal ions as 1:1 complexes.
Intracranial Dissection Mimicking Transient Cerebral Arteriopathy in Childhood Arterial Ischemic Stroke

Transient cerebral arteriopathy is a frequent cause of childhood arterial ischemic stroke. Differentiating this condition from intracranial carotid artery dissection is challenging but important for initial treatment. We describe 4 cases from the International Pediatric Stroke Study of intracranial carotid artery dissection, initially misdiagnosed as transient cerebral arteriopathy. Presentations were abrupt, with focal neurological deficits in 4, preceding headache in 3, and minor trauma in 1. Infarcts involved the anterior circulation, and magnetic resonance angiography showed unilateral arterial stenosis/occlusion. None had evidence of dissection. All received anticoagulation or thrombolysis. Three died from refractory intracranial hypertension. Intracranial carotid artery dissection was confirmed postmortem (n = 3) and on dedicated MR wall imaging showing intramural hematoma (n = 1). In differentiating transient cerebral arteriopathy from intracranial carotid artery dissection, routine magnetic resonance angiography is unreliable and adjunctive conventional angiography, gadolinium magnetic resonance angiography, or dedicated MRI wall imaging should be considered.
A revision of the system of nomenclature for influenza viruses: a WHO memorandum.

In February 1980, the World Health Organization convened a meeting to consider information relevant to the nomenclature of influenza viruses and to make definitive proposals for the revision of the system which has been in use since 1971. The WHO recommendations are based on data derived from double immunodiffusion reactions involving haemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens. The revised system of nomenclature is similar to the 1971 system in that it consists of two parts: (a) a type and strain designation, and (b) for influenza A viruses, a description of the antigenic specificity (subtype) of the surface antigens (H and N). The strain designation for influenza virus types A, B, and C contains information on the antigenic type of the virus (based on the antigenic specificity of the nucleoprotein), the host of origin (for strains isolated from non-human sources), geographical origin, strain number, and year of isolation. For influenza A viruses, the antigenic description, in parentheses, follows the strain designation and comprises two indices describing the antigenic subtype of the haemagglutinin and of the neuraminidase antigens. For the influenza A viruses from all species, the H antigens are grouped into 12 subtypes, H1-H12, while the N antigens are divided into 9 subtypes, N1-N9. Reference strains of influenza viruses are maintained by the WHO Collaborating Centres for Reference and Research on Influenza and the WHO Centres for the Study of Influenza Ecology in Animals, and are made available upon request.There is no provision for describing distinct subtypes of influenza B and C viruses. The existence of antigenic variation among influenza B strains is well established but the available information shows that a division into subtypes is not warranted.This revised system of nomenclature should be used universally from the date of publication of this Memorandum.
A normalized root‐mean‐spuare distance for comparing protein three‐dimensional structures

The degree of similarity of two protein three‐dimensional structures is usually measured with the root‐mean‐square distance between equivalent atom pairs. Such a similarity measure depends on the dimension of the proteins, that is, on the number of equivalent atom pairs. The present communication presents a simple procedure to make the root‐mean‐square distances between pairs of three‐dimensional structures independent of their dimensions. This normalization may be useful in evolutionary and fold classification studies as well as in simple comparisons between different structural models.
Shrimp waste and marine waste as substitutes of fish meal in broiler diet.

A total of 192, 14 days old as hatched broilers were fed ad libitum up to 56 days of age, on a control diet with 12% fish meal (FM) and 3 test diets; shrimp waste (SW) and/or marine waste (MW) and equal mixture of SW and MW completely replace dietary FM to have their effects on performance. Live weight and feed conversion improved and feed intake depleted on test diets than that on control. The test diets did not affect survivability of broilers. Complete replacement of FM by SW and/or MW reduced feed cost and production cost with increased profitability of raising broilers. Meat yield decreased on test SM and MW diets, but equal mixture of SM and MW, gave similar meat yield to that on control. It was concluded that equal mixture of SM and MW might be better, economic and efficient substitute of FM. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/bjas.v40i1-2.10785 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2011. 40 (1-2): 18-22
Asymptotic behavior of densities in diffusion-dominated annihilation reactions.

On obtient des limites rigoureuses sur le comportement de longue duree des densites P A (t) et P B (t) des especes A et B qui diffusent et s'anihilent en se remontrant c'est-a-dire A+B→ inerte. Pour des densites initiales equivalentes P A (0)=P B (0), la densite s'approche du zero asymptotiquement en t −d / 4 pour des dimensions d≤4, et en t −1 pour d≥4. Quand P A (0)<P B (0), P A (t) varie comme exp(−λ 1 √t) pour d=1, comme exp(−λ 2 t/lnt) pour d=2, et comme exp(−λαt) pour d≥3
Strategies for preimplantation genetic diagnosis of single gene disorders by DNA amplification

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is an alternative to prenatal diagnosis for ensuring the genetic health of offspring born to families affected by inherited disease. This paper sets out to review current protocols for the diagnosis of single gene defects in human preimplantation embryos. These methods, which depend on DNA amplification using PCR, are subject to a vareity of pitfalls, such as allele dropout (ADO), contamination and reduced amplification efficiency. Advances in single cell DNA amplification, such as improved multiplex PCR protocols, fluorescent‐PCR and whole genome amplification (WGA), can be applied to address some of these problems. Different PGD strategies are discussed in the context of their clinical application. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of fading statistics based on angle of arrival measurements

In this paper, we analyze various spatial channel measurements using their second order statistics like level crossing rate, average fade duration, auto covariance and coherence distance. Occurrence rates of the angle of arrival in considering macro, micro and Pico cellular environment are used for the analysis. Effect of directional antennas employed at the base station and mobile station on second order statistics is also analyzed. We also present the quantative analysis of the measurements using multipath shape factors i.e. angle spread, the angular constriction and direction of maximum fading. Effect of increasing Doppler spread on the LCR and AFD is also elaborated in detail.
Percolation and cluster distribution . I . Cluster multiple labeling technique and critical concentration algorithm

A new approach for the determination of the critical percolation concentration, percolation probabilities, and cluster size distributions is presented for the site percolation problem. The novel "cluster multiple labeling technique" is described for both twoand three-dimensional crystal structures. Its distinctive feature is the assignment of alternate labels to sites belonging to the same cluster. These sites are members of a simulated finite random lattice. An algorithm useful for the determination of the critical percolation concentration of a finite lattice is also presented. This algorithm is especially useful when applied in conjunction with the cluster multiple labeling technique. The basic features of this technique are illustrated by applying it to a small planar square lattice. Numerical results are given for a triangular subcrystal containing up to 9000000 sites. These results compare favorably with the exact value of the infinite lattice critical percolation concentration.
Revisiting the extracellular lifestyle

In microbiology textbooks infectious agents are traditionally classified as intracellular or extracellular pathogens depending on whether they multiply inside or outside host cells. In recent literature an increasing number of extracellular pathogens are described in close apposition with the host cell surface embedded in plasma membrane folds, making it difficult to classify them as strictly extracellular pathogens. This review further explores this emerging new lifestyle category tentatively named ‘epicellular’ in reference to earlier work describing the location of the parasite Cryptosporidium parvum. The lifestyles of three diverse such pathogens were examined: the parasite Cryptosporidium parvum, the Gram‐negative bacterium Neisseria meningitidis and the human T cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV‐1). The specific cellular location, the mechanisms of adhesion, the induction of plasma membrane folds and the subsequent functional consequences will be compared. Although current knowledge suggests different underlying mechanisms, a concept that emerges is that the particular location of these pathogens has important functional consequences for the pathogens in terms of nutrient acquisition, immune escape, resistance to mechanical stress and transmission. Re‐examining the lifestyle of other classically extracellular pathogens might thus shed a new light on the way pathogens interact with cells and point to new areas of investigation.
Electric and electromagnetic coupled sensor components for passive RFID

This work discuss the possibilities of integrating passive sensor components to passive UHF RFID tags. The sensor system works by degrading a tag's communication performance in proportion to a sensed quantity. Two approaches are studied, sensors directly integrated to tag antenna structures and sensors electromagnetically coupled to tag antennas. The em coupled sensors provide the possibility to produce small sensor components as easily applied add-ons to ordinary commercial RFID tags.
Structural Basis for Calcium and Magnesium Regulation of a Large Conductance Calcium-activated Potassium Channel with β1 Subunits*

Background: Large conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels are regulated by β1 subunits. Results: We identified two binding sites engaged in intersubunit interactions to regulate the sensitivity of BK to divalent ions. Conclusion: Both electrostatic and hydrophobic sites enhance the calcium sensitivity of BK, whereas the hydrophobic site selectively reduces the magnesium sensitivity. Significance: This work provides structural and mechanistic insights into the molecular mechanism of BK(β1) gating. Large conductance Ca2+- and voltage-activated potassium (BK) channels, composed of pore-forming α subunits and auxiliary β subunits, play important roles in diverse physiological activities. The β1 is predominately expressed in smooth muscle cells, where it greatly enhances the Ca2+ sensitivity of BK channels for proper regulation of smooth muscle tone. However, the structural basis underlying dynamic interaction between BK mSlo1 α and β1 remains elusive. Using macroscopic ionic current recordings in various Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations, we identified two binding sites on the cytosolic N terminus of β1, namely the electrostatic enhancing site (mSlo1(K392,R393)-β1(E13,T14)), increasing the calcium sensitivity of BK channels, and the hydrophobic site (mSlo1(L906,L908)-β1(L5,V6,M7)), passing the physical force from the Ca2+ bowl onto the enhancing site and S6 C-linker. Dynamic binding of these sites affects the interaction between the cytosolic domain and voltage-sensing domain, leading to the reduction of Mg2+ sensitivity. A comprehensive structural model of the BK(mSlo1 α-β1) complex was reconstructed based on these functional studies, which provides structural and mechanistic insights for understanding BK gating.
Scanning single-mode fiber optic catheter-endoscope for optical coherence tomography: erratum.

We describe a new optical coherence tomography catheter-endoscope for micrometer-scale, cross-sectional imaging in internal organ systems. The catheter-endoscope uses single-mode fiber optics with a novel transverse scanning design. The distal end of the catheter-endoscope uses a gradient-index lens with a microprism to emit and collect a single spatial-mode optical beam with specific focusing characteristics. The beam is scanned in a circumferential pattern and can image transverse cross sections through the structure into which it is inserted. A device with a diameter as small as 1.1 mm has been achieved, and imaging of in vitro human venous morphology is demonstrated.
A Planar L-Shape Transmitter for a Wireless Power Transfer System

This letter presents a new planar L-shape transmitter for a magnetically coupled resonance wireless power transfer system. In it, a second transmitting resonant coil is added in the L-shape position to further improve the power transfer performance and to mitigate the adverse close-distance frequency splitting effects; it does not occupy space or block the path in between the transmitter and the receiver. A prototype is fabricated and tested. Both the simulation and test results show that the proposed system can significantly improve the power transfer performance over a relatively good distance with the maximum efficiency of 81.38% and the figure of merit of 0.97. In the overcoupled region, the power transfer efficiency maintains 75.02%, indicating the significant mitigation of the adverse frequency splitting effects. As a result, the proposed system is a good candidate for practical wireless power transfer applications.
Sustainable social economic evolution of the globalized society

Abstract By means of a global social economic dynamic model the diversified reasons for the momentum of the technical economic development are analyzed. Under additional regarding of the resources and environmental exploitation as well as of the growth of population it is shown that a further increase of these three integral acting influences inside of the strongly intermeshed social economic society can be lessened mainly by ecology improving global restrictions. The applied investigation is based on time dependent data series taken from world-wide existing statistic data banks.
Atrioventricular conduction disturbances immediately after hepatic graft reperfusion and their outcomes in patients undergoing liver transplantation

Hemodynamic perturbation during hepatic graft reperfusion in patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) is challenging and is frequently accompanied by bradyarrhythmia and even asystole. However, detailed data on electrocardiographic (ECG) changes during reperfusion are almost nonexistent, although the correct diagnosis by record is important for the treatment. We aimed to identify ECG rhythm disturbances during graft reperfusion and to investigate risk factors and outcomes. Data from 1065 consecutive patients who underwent adult LT were analyzed. The incidence, type, and detailed characteristics of ECG changes immediately after graft reperfusion were assessed using an electronically archived intraoperative ECG database. We analyzed risk factors, postoperative outcomes including major cardiovascular events, 30‐day and 1‐year mortalities of recipients based on the occurrence of atrioventricular (AV) block, and asystole during reperfusion. The typical pattern of postreperfusion bradyarrhythmia was progressive PR interval prolongation until a Mobitz type 1 AV block occurred. The overall incidence of AV block was 5.0% (53/1065), and 30.2% of them (16/53) had initiated as AV block and then progressed into ventricular asystole. Fulminant hepatic failure was a significant predictor for occurrence of AV block (odds ratio [OR], 7.20; 95% confidence interval, 3.38‐15.32; P < 0.001). Patients with AV block showed significantly higher incidence of postoperative major cardiovascular events (P < 0.001) and 30‐day mortality (P = 0.002) than those without AV block, whereas the 1‐year mortality was not different between the 2 groups (P = 0.10). The postreperfusion asystole was consistently preceded by a Mobitz type 1 AV block. The occurrence of AV block and asystole appears to be an important prognosticator. Therefore, maintaining an optimal range of physiological status and gradual unclamping of the vena cava to avoid sudden atrial distension are recommended in high‐risk patients during reperfusion period. Liver Transplantation 22 956–967 2016 AASLD
Rate and risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury among sportswomen in Slovenia.

CONTEXT Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-injury rate is greater among female athletes than among male athletes. OBJECTIVE To investigate the rate and risk of ACL injury among Slovenian sportswomen playing professional basketball, team handball, or volleyball. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING The Slovenian National Organizations of basketball, team handball, and volleyball. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS During the 2003-2004 season, we prospectively followed 585 Slovenian sportswomen registered in the Slovenian National Organizations of basketball, team handball, and volleyball. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) We asked sportswomen and coaches to document the occurrence of every significant traumatic knee injury requiring medical attention. Injury rate and injury risk were calculated for sportswomen in each sport group. To calculate injury rate, we estimated the average exposure of each sportswoman during the research period. RESULTS During the 2003-2004 season, 585 Slovenian sportswomen sustained 12 ACL injuries. The ACL-injury risk was different in athletes participating in the various sports, with basketball players having the greatest ACL-injury risk and volleyball players having the lowest ACL-injury risk (P = .04). The risk of ACL injury among Slovenian sportswomen was 2.1 per 100 athletes (95% confidence interval = 0.9, 3.2), whereas the rate of ACL injury was 0.037 per 1000 exposure hours (95% confidence interval = 0.016, 0.06). CONCLUSIONS Overall differences in injury risk were found among sports, but no differences were noted among divisions within sports. No differences for injury rate were observed between or within sports. The rate and risk of ACL injury among Slovenian sportswomen are high, with basketball players having the greatest ACL-injury risk.
Classification of Rhabdomyosarcoma and Its Molecular Basis

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children, has traditionally been classified into embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) for pediatric oncology practice. This review outlines the historical development of classification of childhood RMS and the challenges that have been associated with it, particularly problems with the diagnosis of “solid variant” ARMS and its distinction from ERMS. In addition to differences in clinical presentation and outcome, a number of genetic features underpin separation of ERMS from ARMS. Genetic differences associated with RMS subclassification include the presence of reciprocal translocations and their associated fusions in ARMS, amplification of genes in ARMS and its fusion subsets, chromosomal losses and gains that mostly occur in ERMS, and allelic losses and mutations usually associated with ERMS. Chimeric proteins encoded in most ARMS from the fusion of PAX3 or PAX7 with FOXO1 are expressed, result in a distinct pattern of downstream protein expression, and appear to be the proximate cause of the bad outcome associated with this subtype. A sizeable minority of ARMS lacks these fusions and shares the clinical and biological features of ERMS. A battery of immunohistochemical tests may prove useful in separating ERMS from ARMS and fusion-positive ARMS from fusion-negative ARMS. Because of limitation of predicting outcome solely based on histologic classification, treatment protocols will begin to utilize fusion testing for stratification of affected patients into low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk groups.
Validity and Psychometric Properties of the General Health Questionnaire-12 in Young Australian Adolescents

Background: The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) is a measure of current mental wellbeing that has been extensively validated with adults. The instrument has also been used with adolescents. Objective: (i) To assess the psychometric properties of the GHQ-12 among school students in grades 7–10; (ii) to validate it against other psychological tests; and (iii) to suggest a threshold score. Method: The survey was conducted in single sex and mixed schools from the state and private system in Perth, Western Australia. The survey contained the GHQ-12 and measures of anxiety, depression, self-esteem, stress, generalized self-efficacy, social desirability and negative affectivity. Results: There were 336 students (female 55%) with an age range of 11–15 years (median 13). The GHQ showed good internal consistency (alpha 0.88). Girls had higher mean GHQ-12 scores than boys (F (1,326) 15.0, p < 0.001) and scores for both genders increased with school grade (F (3,326) 4.2, p < 0.01). Multiple linear regression showed that depression, anxiety, self-esteem and stress were significant independent predictors of GHQ scores. The model accounted for 68% of the variance (adjusted R 2). Screening indices were calculated by comparison with a combined depression and/or anxiety category. Threshold scores of 13/14 for males and 18/19 for females appeared optimal. General Health Questionnaire scores were compared with two criterion groups: adolescents in hospital with alcohol or drug (AOD) related problems and those with problems not related to AOD use. Only the former group had significantly higher total scores. Conclusions: The GHQ-12 showed good structural characteristics and was appropriately correlated with other measures of related traits. Overall, the GHQ-12 appears to be a valid index of psychological wellbeing in this population and was considerably shorter than some of the other instruments.