Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scaling properties of convection-driven dynamos in rotating spherical shells and application to planetary magnetic fields

SUMMARY We study numerically an extensive set of dynamo models in rotating spherical shells, varying all relevant control parameters by at least two orders of magnitude. Convection is driven by a fixed temperature contrast between rigid boundaries. There are two distinct classes of solutions with strong and weak dipole contributions to the magnetic field, respectively. Non-dipolar dynamos are found when inertia plays a significant role in the force balance. In the dipolar regime the critical magnetic Reynolds number for self-sustained dynamos is of order 50, independent of the magnetic Prandtl number Pm. However, dynamos at low Pm exist only at sufficiently low Ekman number E. For dynamos in the dipolar regime we attempt to establish scaling laws that fit our numerical results. Assuming that diffusive effects do not play a primary role, we introduce non-dimensional parameters that are independent of any diffusivity. These are a modified Rayleigh number based on heat (or buoyancy) flux Ra ∗ , the Rossby number Ro measuring the flow velocity, the Lorentz number Lo measuring magnetic field strength, and a modified Nusselt number Nu ∗ for the advected heat flow. To first approximation, all our dynamo results can be collapsed into simple power-law dependencies on the modified Rayleigh number, with approximate exponents of 2/5, 1/2 and 1/3 for the Rossby number, modified Nusselt number and Lorentz number, respectively. Residual dependencies on the parameters related to diffusion (E, Pm, Prandtl number Pr) are weak. Our scaling laws are in agreement with the assumption that the magnetic field strength is controlled by the available power and not necessarily by a force balance. The Elsasser number � , which is the conventional measure for the ratio of Lorentz force to Coriolis force, is found to vary widely. We try to assess the relative importance of the various forces by studying sources and sinks of enstrophy (squared vorticity). In general Coriolis and buoyancy forces are of the same order, inertia and viscous forces make smaller and variable contributions, and the Lorentz force is highly variable. Ignoring a possible weak dependence on the Prandtl numbers or the Ekman number, a surprising prediction is that the magnetic field strength is independent both of conductivity and of rotation rate and is basically controlled by the buoyancy flux. Estimating the buoyancy flux in the Earth’s core using our Rossby number scaling and a typical velocity inferred from geomagnetic secular variations, we predict a small growth rate and old age of the inner core and obtain a reasonable magnetic field strength of order 1 mT inside the core. From the observed heat flow in Jupiter, we predict an internal field of 8 mT, in agreement with Jupiter’s external field being 10 times stronger than that of the Earth.
Heading off Peripheral Neuropathy with Exercise: The Hope Study

Early detection methods and novel therapies have increased the life span of individuals with breast cancer. These survivors are living longer lives with the effects of disease and treatment. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) has become a significant dose-limiting toxicity of breast cancer treatment with taxane-based chemotherapy such as paclitaxel. The sensory and motor neuron dysfunction accompanying taxane chemotherapy can interfere with physical functioning, and impair quality of life. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the efficacy or feasibility of an aerobic and strength training exercise program on neuropathic symptoms, gait and balance, and quality of life (QOL) in individuals treated for breast cancer with paclitaxel as compared to those in an attention control group. Nineteen women receiving weekly paclitaxel for two months were randomized to receive a home-based aerobic/strength training exercise program (EG) or breast cancer educational information (AC). Data were collected at before chemotherapy was initiated, and at every 4 weeks during the intervention phase for a total of 12 weeks (4, 8, and 12 weeks), and then at 3 months post-intervention (24 weeks). An intent-to-treat data analysis plan utilizing a combination of linear mixed modeling (LMM) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was employed. Results indicate there was a differential negative trend in neuropathy symptoms, with fewer neuropathy symptoms present at post-intervention and follow-up in the EG compared to AC groups over time. There were no differences in gait and balance and QOL during the intervention period between the AC and EG groups. However, the EG showed improved gait and balance and improved QOL at follow-up.
Current and Future Transgenic Whole-Cell Biosensors for Plant Macro- and Micronutrients

From the soil, plants take up macronutrients (calcium, magnesium, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur) and micronutrients (boron, chloride, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, and zinc). In acidic soils, aluminum can interfere with nutrient uptake. There is a need for improved diagnostic tests for these soil-derived minerals that are inexpensive and sensitive, provide spatial and temporal information in plants and soil, and report bioavailable nutrient pools. A transgenic whole-cell biosensor detects a stimulus inside or outside a cell and causes a change in expression of a visible reporter such as green fluorescent protein, and thus can convert an invisible plant nutrient into a visible signal. Common transgenic whole-cell biosensors consist of promoter-reporter fusions, auxotrophs for target analytes that are transformed with constitutively expressed reporters, riboswitches and reporters based on Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET). Here, we review transgenic plant biosensors that have been used to detect macronutrients and micronutrients. As plant-based biosensors are limited by the requirement to introduce and optimize a transgene in every genotype of interest, we also review microbial biosensor cells that have been used to measure plant or soil nutrients by co-inoculation with their respective extracts. Additionally, we review published transgenic whole-cell biosensors from other disciplines that have the potential to measure plant nutrients, with the goal of stimulating the development of these diagnostic technologies. We discuss current limitations and future improvements needed, and the long-term potential of transgenic whole-cell biosensors to inform plant physiology, improve soil nutrient management, and assist in breeding crops with improved nutrient use efficiency.
IS THE NONLINEAR SLEWING FLEXIBLE BEAM SYSTEM INPUT-STATE LINEARIZABLE ?

The main purpose of this paper is to verify the controllability and the involutivity of a set of governing equations of motion representing a nonlinear dynamic system. The objective of this verification is to check whether this set of equati ons is input-state linearizable and to prepare the system for the application of a nonlinear control technique named feedback linearization. The system under investigation is the slewing flexible beam. The nonlinearity comes from the coupling between the beam deflection and the angular displacement of the actuator, a DC motor. It is shown that the studied system is controllable and involutive.
ACTIVITY PATTERNS OF THE STONE MARTEN

Three stone martens (2 males, 1 female) Martes foina Erxlebcn, 1777, were radio-tracked for 4, 2.5 and 12 months respectively, in a rural hilly area in Siena County, Central Italy. Food habits were assessed by faecal analysis, as pcrccnlagc of occurrence and estimated volume. Diel, nocturnal, diurnal and crepuscular activity were mcasured as the proportion of active fixes on a 48 houdfortnight basis. Scasonal variation of all activities was assessed and correlated to mean T'C, daylcngth, food and trophic niche breadth. Daily time budgets were also measured and compared between months and seasons. Fruits were the staple food in summer/autumn, followed by vcrtcbratcs and invertebrates. Vertebrates and invertebrates were the main food source in winter and spring. No significant difference of activity could be found between the three animals. Diel activity reached its maximum in summer, and decreased significantly throughout the rest of the ycar. Die1 activity did not differ significantly between subsequent seasons, whereas a statistically significant difference was found between every other season. Nocturnal activity peaked in winter and dropped in summer. It significantly differed between seasons but for spring vs. summer and autumn vs. winter. Diurnal activity differed significantly between seasons, but for spring vs. summer, when it reached its maximum, and for autumn vs. winter when it was at its minimum. Crepuscular activity remained constant throughout the year. The 24-hour distribution of active fixes showed a bimodal pattern in spring and summer, while in autumn and winter thc activity pattern was unimodal, with a nocturnal peak. Time budget differed between seasons, but (or autumn and winter vs. spring. Significant correlations between activities and abiotical variables (except rainfall) were direct, but for nocturnal activity. No significant correlation was found with precipitation. Activity was not significantly correlated to any food category, except reptiles, a spring and summer prey. Coleoptera and Orthoptera, the main invertebrate food, and fruits, correlated poorly to activity. Surprisingly, food does not seem to be the primary factor responsible for variation in activity patterns.
Ontology-based Adaptive Reasoning Service for ScienceWeb

ScienceWeb is a system that provides answers to qualitative and quantitative queries of a large knowledge base covering science research. The system will support the community joining together, sharing the insights of its members, to evolve the large knowledge base. ScienceWeb will need to scale to accommodate the substantial corpus of information about researchers, their projects and their publications. It will need to accommodate the inherent heterogeneity of both its information sources and of its user community. A reasoning system supports the queries and scalability becomes a serious challenge. In this paper we describe experiments and the resulting reasoning architecture and services whose scalability and efficiency are able to meet the requirements of query and answering in ScienceWeb. One key element of the services is an adaptive combination of both Query-invoked Inference and Materialization Inference together with incremental inferencing for more efficient query and answering. Second, we introduce new ways of storing, grouping and indexing objects in the knowledge base for faster searching and reasoning as the size of the triple set scales to the millions and the complexity of the Abox increases. The adaptive reasoning architecture and resulting adaptive reasoning service should provide efficient reasoning based on a scalable knowledge base. Keywords-knowledge bases; ontologies; reasoning
Maximum a posteriori density estimation and the sparse grid combination technique

We study a novel method for maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation of the probability density function of an arbitrary, independent and identically distributed \(d\)-dimensional data set. We give an interpretation of the MAP algorithm in terms of regularised maximum likelihood. We also present numerical experiments using a sparse grid combination technique and the `opticom' method. The numerical results demonstrate the viability of parallelisation for the combination technique. References H. J. Bungartz, M. Griebel, D. Roschke and C. Zenger. Pointwise convergence of the combination technique for the Laplace equation. East-West J. Numer. Math , 2:21--45 (1994). http://zbmath.org/? q=an:00653220 J. Garcke. Regression with the optimised combination technique. In Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on Machine learning , ICML '06, pages 321--328 (2006). doi:10.1145/1143844.1143885 J. Garcke. Sparse grid tutorial. Technical report (2011). http://page.math.tu-berlin.de/ garcke/paper/sparseGridTutorial.pdf M. Griebel and M. Hegland. A finite element method for density estimation with Gaussian process priors. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. , 47:4759--4792 (2010). doi:10.1137/080736478 M. Griebel, M. Schneider and C. Zenger. A combination technique for the solution of sparse grid problems. In Iterative methods in linear algebra (Brussels, 1991) , pages 263--281. North-Holland, Amsterdam (1992). M. Hegland. Adaptive sparse grids. ANZIAM J. , 44:C335--C353 (2003). http://journal.austms. org.au/ojs/index.php/ANZIAMJ/article/view/685 M. Hegland. Approximate maximum a posteriori with Gaussian process priors. Constr. Approx. , 26:205--224 (2007). doi:10.1007/s00365-006-0661-4 M. Hegland, J. Garcke, and V. Challis. The combination technique and some generalisations. Linear Algebra Appl. , 420:249--275 (2007). doi:10.1016/j.laa. 2006.07. 014 C. T. Kelley. Solving nonlinear equations with Newton's method . Fundamentals of Algorithms. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), Philadelphia, PA (2003). H. Kobayashi, B.L. Mark, and W. Turin. Probability, Random Processes, and Statistical Analysis: Applications to Communications, Signal Processing, Queueing Theory and Mathematical Finance . Cambridge University Press (2012). C. Pflaum and A. Zhou. Error analysis of the combination technique. Numerische Mathematik , 84:327--350 (1999). doi:10.1007/s002110050474 D. W. Scott. Multivariate Density Estimation: Theory, Practice, and Visualization . John Wiley and Sons (2004). C. Zenger. Sparse grids. Parallel Algorithms for Partial Differential Equations, Proceedings of the Sixth GAMM-Seminar , 31 (1990).
Effect of Prebiotic (Fermacto) in Low Protein Diet on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chicks

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of prebiotic (Fermacto) in low protein diet on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks. One hundred and fifty six 1-day old Ross 308 broiler chicks of both sexes were used for 42-days. The chicks were randomly allocated to 12 pens containing 13 chicks each with 3 replicates and assigned to receive one of the 4 dietary treatments of 2 levels of protein (low and high) and 2 levels of prebiotic (0 and 0.2%) in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement. There was not significant difference in feed conversation ratio, Feed intake and tights weight among treatments. Significant differences were observed in carcass weight and abdominal fat percentage between high protein diet without prebiotic and low protein diet containing prebiotic (p<0.05). The results of the present experiment showed that addition of prebiotic to broiler diets containing 90% of NRC protein recommendation had same effect with control diet on performance of broiler chicks.
Future drug delivery technologies: benchtop to industry

Transmucosal buccal drug delivery system is considered as a future drug delivery technology, always assist to enhance patient compliance mainly for paediatric and geriatric community. The studies aim to develop buccal delivery for delivering a hydrophilic drug, flucloxacillin sodium, across the mucosal route. The buccal films are comprised of a bio-adhesive polymer, plasticizer and drug. Optimised films were characterised by measurement of weight, length and width, hardness, thickness, surface pH, moisture content and uptake, swelling study, folding resilience, hydration and entrapment efficiency. Drug release studies were performed for different polymer-plasticizer-drug ratios. Concentration of polymer and plasticizer were influenced on the development, evaluation and release rate of flucloxacillin sodium from the buccal films. In conclusion, these studies reveal that buccal delivery of flucloxacillin sodium can be an alternative route in comparison to conventional route for patient compliance.IIUC Studies Vol.14(1) June 2017: 09-20
Pixel array detector for time‐resolved x‐ray scattering (invited)

This paper describes the development of a large area hybrid pixel detector designed for time‐resolved synchrotron x‐ray scattering experiments in which limited frames, with a high framing rate, are required. The final design parameters call for a 1024×1024 pixel array device with 150‐micron pixels that is 100% quantum efficient for x‐rays with energy up to 20 keV, with a framing rate in the microsecond range. The device will consist of a fully depleted diode array bump bonded to a CMOS electronic storage capacitor array with eight frames per pixel. The two devices may be separated by a x‐ray blocking layer that protects the radiation‐sensitive electronics layer from damage. The signal is integrated in the electronics layer and stored in one of eight CMOS capacitors. After eight frames are taken, the data are then read out, using clocking electronics external to the detector, and stored in a RAM disk. Results will be presented on the development of a prototype 4×4 pixel electronics layer that is capable of.
Estimating the parameters of Logit Model using simulated annealing algorithm: case study of mode choice modeling of Isfahan

Logit models are one of the most important discrete choice models and they play an important role in describing decision makers' choices among alternatives. In this paper the Multi-Nominal Logit models has been used in mode choice modeling of Isfahan. Despite the availability of different mathematical computer programs there are not so many programs available for estimating discrete choice models. Most of these programs use optimization methods that may fail to optimize these models properly. Even when they do converge, there is no assurance that they have found the global optimum, and it just might be a good approximation of the global minimum. In this research a heuristic optimization algorithm, simulated annealing (S.A), has been tested for estimating the parameters of a Logit model for a mode choice problem that had 17 parameters for the city of Isfahan and has been compared with the same model calculated using GAUSS that uses common and conventional algorithms. Simulated annealing is and algorithm capable of finding the global optimum and also it's less likely to fail on difficult functions because it is a very robust algorithm and by writing the computer program in MATLAB the estimation time has been decreased significantly. In this paper, this problem has been briefly discussed and a new approach based on the simulated annealing algorithm to solve that is discussed and also a new path for using this technique for estimating Nested Logit models is opened for future research by the authors. For showing the advantages of this method over other methods explained above a case study on the mode choice of Isfahan has been done.
An Efficient Parallel MLPG Method for Poroelastic Models

A meshless model, based on the Meshless Local Petrov-Galerkin (MLPG) approach, is developed and implemented in parallel for the solution of axi-symmetric poroelastic problems. The parallel code is based on a concurrent construction of the stiffness matrix by the processors and on a parallel preconditioned iterative method of Krylov type for the solution of the resulting linear system. The performance of the code is investigated on a realistic application concerning the prediction of land subsidence above a deep compacting reservoir. The overall code is shown to obtain a very high parallel efficiency (larger than 78% for the solution phase) and it is successfully applied to the solution of a poroelastic problem with a fine discretization which produces a linear system with more than 6 million equations using up to 512 processors on the HPCx supercomputer.
Survival and Body Condition of Captive-Reared Juvenile Ozark Hellbenders (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis bishopi) Following Translocation to the Wild

We used radiotelemetry and recapture to monitor survival and body condition of 36 captive-reared Ozark Hellbenders (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis bishopi) released at two sites on the North Fork of the White River, Missouri, from May 2008 to August 2009. At the end of our study 16 salamanders were alive, 13 had died, and the fate of seven could not be determined. Captive-reared hellbenders released at a site with densely arranged boulders exhibited approximately 1.5-fold higher annual survival (0.7467; daily survival = 0.9992 ± 0.0004 95% CI) than hellbenders released at a site where boulders were patchily distributed (0.4816; daily survival = 0.9980 ± 0.0007 95% CI). When compared to log-transformed length–mass relationships developed for wild hellbenders from the same river in the 1970s, mean body condition of hellbenders at the patchy boulder site was about average at the end of the study (mean residual distance = −0.0273 ± 0.0234 SE, n = 7; range = −0.1375–0.0486), while mean body condition of hellbenders at the dense boulder site was above average (mean residual distance = 0.0423 ± 0.0402 SE; n = 8; range = −0.0374–0.1088). In addition to lower survivorship and body condition, a greater proportion of hellbenders at the patchy site accrued physical abnormalities (6 of 13 vs. 2 of 14), carried leech parasites (9 of 16 vs. 4 of 14), and carried the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (3 of 11 vs. 1 of 13). A ‘site only’ model of survival was most supported, though additional supported models suggested increased mass at release may have increased daily survivorship. While more work is needed to determine the impact of translocation on long-term population dynamics of Ozark Hellbenders, our study demonstrated that about half of a translocated population of captive-reared hellbenders can survive while maintaining or increasing in body condition during their first year post-release, given release sites are well selected.
Socially desirable responding on the Machiavellianism scale: Response bias or construct?

Socially Desirable Responding on the Machiavellianism Scale: Response Bias or Construct? by Maryn Lyn Hoefer Dr. N. Clayton Silver, Examination Committee Chair Associate Professor of Psychology University of Nevada, Las Vegas The Mach IV scale measures Machiavellianism, the propensity to be manipulatory in interpersonal relations. The Mach IV has been criticized for social desirability response bias, or the tendency to present oneself in an overly favorable light. Socially desirable responding, as measured by the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding, however, was postulated to reflect a facet of the Machiavellianism construct. A coalitionbargaining game was played with college students (N=126), using 21 groups each of sexsegregated triads in a 2 (sex) by 3 (high, medium, and low levels of Machiavellianism) between-subjects design. Game scores served as the dependent variable and were interpreted as a measure of manipulative success. Neither sex nor levels of Machiavelhanism were significantly related to game performance. Machiavellianism was negatively related to overall social desirability and its two subtypes, impression management and self-deceptive enhancement.