Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to ATPIII and IDF criteria in the Iranian population

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is a collection of metabolic disorders that increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes. Metabolic syndrome is characterized by abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL level, hyperglycemia and HTN. With regard to the development of CVD disease in recent years, the present study was completed to determine the degree of metabolic syndrome prevalence in the adult population of Semnan province. Materials and Methods: This epidemiological cross-sectional study was carried out in the province of Semnan (Iran) on 3799 individuals between 30 and 70 years of age. In the study, multi-stage individuals were randomly selected from urban and rural environments and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was determined according to ATPIII and IDF criteria. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to ATPIII and IDF was 28.5% and 35.8% respectively, and increased with age in both sexes. The highest degree of prevalence was seen in the above-60-years age group. The Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was significantly higher in women on basis of both definitions it was higher among non-smokers on basis of the IDF definition (P<0.05) . Decrease in the prevalence of the syndrome had significant relation to literacy. There was no significant difference of metabolic syndrome prevalence between urban and rural settings. Among the risk factors of metabolic syndrome according to ATPIII and IDF, high triglycerides (40.8%) and abdominal obesity (70.8%) had the highest prevalence respectively. Conclusion: The findings show the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the 30 to 70 year-old population. Therefore, the identification of the risk factors should be attempted to prevent syndrome acquisition. Keywords: Prevalence, Metabolic syndrome, Iranian population
Mental health problems in young children

The Office for National Statistics 1999 survey of mental health problems in young people revealed that 10 per cent of five- to fifteen-year-olds are suffering from serious mental health disorders, interfering significantly with their ability to get on with their lives. The more we are able to do for children in the early years to build a secure foundation, the better equipped they will be to respond to difficulties and relationships in later life.
JOB MOTIVATION OF TEACHERS EDUCATING LEARNERS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS IN FOUR PROVINCES IN KENYA

Nelly Were Otube Zusammenfassung der Dissertation mit dem Titel: "Berufsmotivation von Lehrern von Schulern mit sonderpadagogischen Forderbedarf in vier Provinzen Kenias" (Originaltitel der Arbeit: " Job motivation of teachers educating learners with special needs in four provinces in Kenya") Eine der Hauptstrategien fur die Qualitatsverbesserung der Sonderpadagogik ist es, die Einstellungen und die Motivationen der Lehrer zu heben. Um erfolgreich zu sein brauchen die Bildungsinstitutionen das Engagement der Lehrer. Das Wissen daruber, was Lehrer veranlasst professionell zu handeln ist wesentlich, um solches Engagement zu erzeugen. Lehrer von Schulern mit sonderpadagogischen Forderbedarf leisten haufig zusatzliche Aufgaben. Sie mussen zudem taglich mit den individuellen Lernund Verhaltensproblemen umgehen. Auch speziell ausgebildete Lehrer konnen nur bedingt erfolgreich mit der Problemstruktur von Schulern mit besonderen Bedurfnissen umgehen. Der Gegenstand des Hauptinteresses in der vorliegenden Studie ist es Faktoren zu gewinnen, die die Motivation der Sonderschulpadagogen heben oder senken. Das Wissen um diese motivierenden Faktoren ist von grosem Wert und kann als Ausgangspunkt dienen, die sonderpadagogische Handlungskompetenz weiter zu entwickeln. Die von mir gesichteten Studien stellen die Bedeutung der Beziehung zwischen der Arbeitsplatzzufriedenheit der Lehrer und den besonderen Arbeitsbedingungen wie Merkmale der Schuler, materielle Zuwendungen, die Wahrnehmung der Unterstutzung durch die Institution und Administration das Schulklima heraus, Es wurde bislang noch keine Studie mit direktem Bezug zur vorliegenden durchgefuhrt.
Sexual-Enhancement Drug Use in College-Age Men

Viagra and other erectile-dysfunction (ED) medications are typically as sociated with older men. There is thus little research on their use in college-age men. The purpose of the pr esent study was to explore the use of sexual-enhancement drugs (SEDs) in college men and t o compare the men who had used SEDs to those who had not used them. Eighty-two male college students completed a questionnaire that included open-ended questions about their use of SEDs and ite ms assessing their sexual history and motives for having sex. The majority of t he 16 men who reported having used SEDs used Viagra, followed by herbal products and Ecstasy . U er of these substances reported having had more sex partners and endorsed enhancing pleasure as being a more important reason for having sex than did those who had not used them. Results suggest that the SED users are more sexually exploratory than the nonusers.
Lessons for reviewing clinical trials using induced pluripotent stem cells: examining the case of a first-in-human trial for age-related macular degeneration.

Background of the first-in-human trial using induced pluripotent stem cells In 2014, Dr Takahashi (RIKEN, Kobe, Japan) and her research team conducted the first-in-human (FIH) trial using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In this pilot case (hereafter, this trial will be referred to as the iPSC-FIH trial), a sheet of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells was transplanted into a patient. The aim of the trial was to assess the safety and adverse event profile, as well as the feasibility of transplanting a sheet of RPE cells that differentiated from autologous iPSCs into a patient with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a degenerative retinal disease that may result in vision loss in elderly populations [1]. Along with the ambition of the Japanese government, which sought to dominate the global field of regenerative medicine [2], the news of this trial attracted great attention to diverse communities such as patients, the general public, and stem cell researchers [3]. This mounting excitement about regenerative medicine as a ‘dream therapy’, however, put the five committees reviewing the iPSC-FIH trial under significant stress during the review process from 2012 to 2013. The ethical concerns of the iPSC-FIH trial have been examined [4,5], yet these analyses did not include assessments of discussions that took place in review committee meetings of this trial. Therefore, for the present study to identify future lessons for the committees reviewing cutting-edge FIH trials using novel stem cells, the minutes of the iPSC-FIH trial review committee meetings were examined.
Interleukin‐1β and interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist gene polymorphisms in Korean patients with adult‐onset Still's disease

Objective. Interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several rheumatic inflammatory diseases, including adult‐onset Still's disease (AOSD) and systemic‐onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SoJIA). Several clinical trials also suggest that anakinra, a human recombinant interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1Ra), is effective in patients with AOSD and SoJIA. We have therefore investigated whether IL‐1β and IL‐1Ra gene polymorphisms are associated with the development and clinical features of AOSD. Methods. Genomic DNA was isolated from 83 AOSD patients and 144 healthy controls. Genotyping of the two IL‐1β gene (IL‐1B+3954 and IL‐1B–511) polymorphisms was performed using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP). Genotyping of the IL‐1Ra gene (intron 2, VNTR) polymorphism was performed using PCR‐based analysis. To compare genotype and allele frequencies, the χ2‐test or Fisher's exact test was used. Haplotype frequencies and pairwise linkage disequilibrium were also estimated. A p‐value <0.05 was considered significant. Results. There were no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of the IL‐1β and IL‐1Ra gene polymorphisms. No differences were also found in the IL‐1 gene cluster haplotypes between both groups. IL‐1 gene cluster polymorphisms had no effect on the clinical course and joint involvement pattern. Nevertheless, the IL‐1B–511 and IL‐1RN (VNTR) polymorphic sites were in linkage disequilibrium. Conclusion. These results suggest that IL‐1β and IL‐1Ra gene polymorphisms are not associated with the development and clinical features of AOSD in Korean patients.
Can Clinicians Now Assure their Breast Cancer Patients that Soyfoods are Safe?

breast cancer patients at risk, the oncology community needs to recognize this and adjust their recommendations accordingly. Isoflavones are a subclass of flavonoids but, by comparison, have a much more limited distribution in nature, such that among commonly consumed foods, these diphenolic compounds are only found in physiologically relevant amounts in foods made from soybeans [8]. As a general rule of thumb, in traditional Asian soyfoods such as tofu, soymilk and miso, each gram of soy protein is associated with approximately 3.5 mg of isoflavones [9]. Isoflavones have traditionally been classified as phytoestrogens [10,11] but in recent years, with the knowledge that they preferentially bind to [12] and transactivate estrogen receptor (ER)-b in comparison with ER-a [13], isoflavones have also come to be viewed as selective ER modulators (mixed estrogen agonists/antagonists) [14]. However, it was actually the hormone-independent effects of isoflavones that first attracted the attention of cancer researchers [15,16]. The primary soybean isoflavone, genistein, inhibits a wide range of hormone-dependent and -independent cancer cell lines in vitro (for reviews, see [16,17]). Nevertheless, it is, in fact, the in vitro growthpromoting effects of genistein that provided the initial impetus for exploring safety concerns [18]. Genistein exerts a biphasic effect on MCF-7 (an ER-positive human breast cancer cell line) cell growth. At physiologically-relevant concentrations, the estrogenic actions of genistein result in MCF-7 cell growth (in estrogen-depleted media), whereas only at much higher concentrations do the ER-independent effects of genistein on signal transduction result in growth inhibition [18]. However, it is the preclinical data that provide the strongest evidence of harm. Genistein stimulates the growth of mammary tumors in ovariectomized athymic mice implanted with MCF-7 cells [19,20]. In the basic model employed, in which stimulation has been observed, an estrogen pellet is implanted into mice in order to stimulate tumor Considerable confusion exists among both physi cians and their breast cancer and high-risk patients regarding the health consequences of soyfoods. Identifying the soybean components (isoflavones) as phytoestrogens, many oncologists routinely discourage and often prohibit soyfoods from inclusion in their breast cancer patients’ diets. Although no consensus exists among the research or clinical communities regarding the use of soy, many patients have internalized their physician’s concern, despite also hearing opposing messages regarding the beneficial effects of soy (e.g., the ability of soy protein to lower cholesterol levels) [1]. However, we propose that recently published research – especially the results from a large prospective epidemiologic study, which found that post diagnosis soyfood intake improved the prognosis of breast cancer patients – warrants a re-evaluation of the default prohibition against soyfoods [2].
Fault Detection Filter Design for Stochastic Systems with Mixed Time-Delays and Parameter Uncertainties

This paper purposes the design of a fault detection filter for stochastic systems with mixed time-delays and parameter uncertainties. The main idea is to construct some new Lyapunov functional for the fault detection dynamics. A new robustly asymptotically stable criterion for the systems is derived through linear matrix inequality (LMI) by introducing a comprehensive different Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional. Then, the fault detection filter is designed in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) which can be easily checked in practice. At the same time, the error between the residual signal and the fault signal is made as small as possible. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed results.
Exposure of Adolescents to Environmental Tobacco Smoke in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

Background: Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is one of the most important air pollutants. Objectives: To estimate the extent of exposure to ETS among adolescents who have never smoked in Tabuk and examine correlated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. Voluntary, self-administered questionnaires were completed by 1505 students in grades 7 through 12, in 2005. A total 848 of the participants had never smoked. A Chi-Square analysis and Logistic regression were used to identify correlates and predictors of exposure to ETS. Results: Of never-smokers, 34.9% and 35.8% were exposed to ETS at home and outside the home respectively. Advancing age and smoking parents and friends were significant predictors for ETS at home and outside the home Conclusion and Recommendations: More than one-third of adolescents who have never smoked are exposed to ETS in Tabuk. Effective anti-tobacco policies and measures should target smoking contacts, particularly parents and friends. Keywords: Environmental Tobacco Smoke, Exposure, Adolescents, Tabuk;
Functional capacity assessment in children and adolescents with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans.

OBJECTIVE To assess functional capacity during exercise in children and adolescents with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO). METHODS 20 children with PIBO, aged 8-16 years old, and in follow-up at an outpatient clinic carried out cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and pulmonary function tests (PFT), according to American Thoracic Society (ATS), European Respiratory Society (ERS) and American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) guidelines. Results were expressed as percentages of predicted reference values: Armstrong's for CPET, Geiger's for 6MWT, Knudson's for spirometry, and Zapletal's for plethysmography. RESULTS Mean age (+/- SD) was 11.4+/-2.2 years; 70% were boys; mean weight: 36.8+/-12.3 kg; mean height: 143.8+/-15.2 cm. When compared to reference values, PFT detected lower airflows (spirometry) and higher volumes (plethysmography). Eleven patients had reduced peak VO2 values in CPET (< 84% predicted). The mean distance walked (6MWT) was 77.0+/-15.7% of predicted (512+/-102 m). Peak VO2 was not correlated with 6MWT, but it was correlated with FVC (L) (r = 0.90/p = 0.00), with FEV1 (L) (r = 0.86/p = 0.00) and with RV/TLC, both in absolute values (r = -0.71/p = 0.02) and as percentages of predicted values (r = -0.63/p = 0.00). CONCLUSIONS The majority of these post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans patients exhibited reduced functional capacity, exhibited during both CPET and the 6MWT. Due to its greater feasibility, 6MWT could be an alternative where CPET is not available.
Wheezing beim Säugling und Kleinkind

Zusammenfassung Wheezing beim Säugling und Kleinkind ist ein ausgesprochen häufiges Phänomen. Eine Differenzierung von verschiedenen Phänotypen ist möglich und klinisch relevant, da sich sowohl Outcome als auch die Therapie unterscheiden. Bei der Mehrzahl der Kinder mit Wheezing verschwinden die Symptome bis zum 6. Lebensjahr. Erste Manifestationen eines Asthma bronchiale treten im selben Alter auf und führen bereits früh zu Lungenfunktionseinschränkungen. Eine Unterscheidung von einfachem Wheezing und Asthma ist daher von großer Bedeutung. In diesem Artikel werden unterschiedliche Charakteristika, Risikofaktoren für Asthma und einfache klinische Prädiktionsindizes dargestellt.
Ovarian Cycle and Egg Production in the Zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio

SVETOVIDOV, A. N. AND G. JEREMEJEV. 1935. On the European and Amur Bitterling (Rhodeus sericeus). Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 1(7-8): 582-7. YOKOTE, M. 1958. Study on the ovarian eggs of Rhodeus ocellatus. Bull. Freshwater Fish. Res. Lab. 7(2):1-8. TOVIDOV, A. N. AND G. JEREMEJEV. 1935. On e European and Amur Bitterling (Rhodeus LABORATORY OF ICHTHYOLOGY OF THE CZECHOSLOVAKIAN ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, BRATISLAVA, CZECHOSLOVAKIA; AND DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF THE ORANGE FREE STATE, BLOEMFONTEIN, REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA.
Millimeter-Scale Mapping of Cortical Bone Reveals Organ-Scale Heterogeneity

Raman spectroscopy was used to show that across 10 cm of diaphyseal (mid-shaft) cortical bone the phosphate-to-amide I ratio (a measure of the mineral to collagen ratio) can vary by as much as 8%, and the phosphate-to-carbonate ratio (a measure of carbonate inclusion in mineral crystals) by as much as 5%. The data are preliminary but are important because they reveal a spatial variation at a scale that is much larger than many of the spectral maps reported in the literature to date. Thus they illustrate natural variation in chemical composition that could have been overlooked in such studies or could have appeared as an undue error where the overall composition of the bone was investigated. Quantifying the variation in mid-shaft cortical bone at the millimeter/centimeter scale reduces the possibility of natural heterogeneity obscuring the average bone composition, or being mistaken for experimental signal, and results in an improvement in the sampling accuracy analogous to that obtained by switching from micrometer-size point spectra of bones to spectral images obtained across hundreds of micrometers. Although the study was carried out using Raman spectroscopy, the underlying cause of the variation is ascribed to the variation of the chemical composition of the bone; therefore the findings have direct implications for other chemically specific analytical methods such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Co-Deposition of Gold Nanoparticles and Metalloporphyrin Using the Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) Technique for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)

The synergistic effect produced by metallic nanoparticles when incorporated into different systems empowers a research field that is growing rapidly. In addition, organometallic materials are at the center of intensive research with diverse applications such as light-emitting devices, transistors, solar cells, and sensors. The Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique has proven to be suitable to address challenges inherent to organic devices, since the film properties can be tuned at the molecular level. Here we report a strategy to incorporate gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) into the LB film by co-deposition in order to achieve surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of the zinc(II)-protoporphyrin (IX) dimethyl ester (ZnPPIX-DME). Prior to the LB co-deposition, the properties of the Langmuir monolayer of ZnPPIX-DME at the air-water interface, containing AuNPs in the subphase, are studied through the surface-pressure versus mean molecular area (π-A) isotherms. The ZnPPIX-DME+AuNPs π-A isotherm presented a significant shift to higher molecular area, suggesting an interaction between both ZnPPIX-DME molecules and AuNPs. Those interactions are a key factor allowing the co-deposition of both AuNPs and ZnPPIX-DME molecules onto a solid substrate, thus forming the LB film. SERS of ZnPPIX-DME was successfully attained, ensuring the spatial distribution of the AuNPs. Higher enhancement factors were found at AuNP aggregates, as a result of the intense local electromagnetic field found in the metal nanoparticle aggregates. The main vibrational bands observed in the SERS spectra suggest a physical adsorption of the ZnPPIX-DME onto the surface of AuNPs. The latter is not only in agreement with the interactions pointed out by the π-A isotherms but also suggests that this interaction is kept upon LB film co-deposition.
Absence of Nkx2-3 Homeodomain Transcription Factor Induces the Formation of LYVE-1–Positive Endothelial Cysts without Lymphatic Commitment in the Spleen

In contrast to peripheral lymph nodes possessing lymphatic and blood vasculature, the spleen in both humans and rodents is largely devoid of functioning lymphatic capillaries. Here it is reported that in mice lacking homeodomain transcription factor Nkx2-3, the spleen contains an extensive network of lymphocyte-filled sacs lined by cells expressing LYVE-1 antigen, a marker associated with lymphatic endothelium cells (LECs). Real-time quantitative PCR analyses of Nkx2-3 mutant spleen revealed a substantial increase of LYVE-1 and podoplanin mRNA levels, without the parallel increase of mRNA for VEGFR-3 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor Type 3) and Prox1 (Prospero homeobobox protein 1), two markers specific for LECs. Although these structures express VEGFR-2/flk-1, they lack Prox1 protein, indicating their non-LEC endothelial origin. The LYVE-1+ structures are bordered with ER-TR7+ fibroblastic reticular cells with small clusters of macrophages expressing MARCO and sialoadhesin. Short-term cell-tracing studies using labeled lymphocytes indicate that these LYVE-1+ cysts are largely excluded from the systemic circulation. Cells expressing LYVE-1 glycoprotein as putative precursors for such structures are detectable in the spleen of late-stage embryos, and the formation of LYVE-1+ structures is independent from the activity of lymphotoxin β-receptor. Thus the splenic vascular defects in Nkx2-3 deficiency include the generation of LYVE-1+ cysts, comprised of endothelial cells without being committed along the LEC lineage.
Sensory Ecology: Introduction.

Sensoryecologyisa newlyemergingintegrationof two well-establisheddisciplinesthat had not beenexamined jointly until Dusenbery'srecentbook (1992). Although biologistshavealwaysrecognizedthe important interre lationshipsbetweensensoryphysiologyandecology,this work wasthe first to explicitly examinethe two together. The brief discussionof sensoryecologywith which we introduce the next two papersis taken entirely from the first three chapters of Dusenbery's book. We hope we've
Socially Prescribed and Self-Oriented Perfectionism as Predictors of Depressive Diagnosis in Preadolescents

Abstract Perfectionism has been shown to be related to depressive symptomatology in both adult and child populations. However, there are no known studies of levels of socially prescribed (SPP) and self-oriented perfectionism (SOP) in nonclinical children versus those with a clinically diagnosed depressive disorder. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to examine SPP and SOP as predictors of depressive diagnoses in a sample of 10- to 11-year-old children. Seven hundred and eighty-six children (390 boys, 396 girls) from primary schools in low socio-economic metropolitan areas completed the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and the Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS) as part of a larger study. Children who scored above the clinical cut-off for the CDI also completed part of the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents–IV. Fifty children met criteria for a diagnosis of a depressive disorder. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to predict diagnostic status from SPP, SOP, gender, and intervention group. SPP was the only significant predictor of diagnostic status. Implications for the treatment and prevention of childhood depression are discussed.