Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increases in phospho enol pyruvate carboxylase activity in iron-deficient sugar beet roots : Analysis of spatial localization and post-translational modification

Root tips of Fe-deficient and Fe-sufficient sugar beet plants grown in hydroponics have been used to study the changes in the amount and activity of the cytosolic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC, EC 4.1.1.31). Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity in extracts of the yellow Fe-deficient root tips was, at pH 7.3, 30-fold higher (when expressed on a FW basis) and 7.1-fold higher (when expressed on a protein basis) than that found in the extracts of Fe-sufficient root tips. The amount of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase protein determined by immuno-blotting was, on a protein basis, 35-fold larger in the yellow zone of Fe-deficient root tips than in the Fe-sufficient root tips. The inhibition of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity by 500 μm malate was 41 and 58% in the extracts Fe-deficient and Fe-sufficient roots. The possibility that post-translational regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase may occur mediated through phosphorylation, was studied by immunological detection of phosphoserine residues in root tip extracts. Abbreviations: BCIP – 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate; BSA – bovine serum albumin; CS – citrate synthase; DMF – N,N-dimethylformamide; FC-R – ferric chelate reductase; Fru6P – fructose-6-phosphate; Glc6P – glucose-6-phosphate; G3PDH – glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IgG – immunoglobulin G; MDH – malate dehydrogenase; NBT – nitrotetrazolium blue; NMR – nuclear magnetic resonance; PAGE – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; PAR – photosynthetic active radiation; PEP – phosphoenolpyruvate; PEPC – phosphoenolpyruvatecarboxylase; PFK – phosphofructokinase; PK – pyruvate kinase; PPFD – absorbed photosynthetic photon flux density; PVP – polyvinylpirrolydone; UDP-Glc – uridine diphosphate glucose; SDS – sodium dodecyl sulfate; TCA – trichloroacetic acid
Polyoxometallates as effective photocatalysts in water purification from pesticides

Polyoxometallates (POM), i.e., metal oxide clusters of mainly tungsten are effective homogeneous photocatalysts for the mineralization of organic pollutants. POM are, at least, as effective as the well studied TiO2. OH⋅radicals formed by the reaction of the photo-excited polyoxometallates with H2O, appear to play a key role in the process. In this study, the photocatalytic activity of POM have been tested on some diversified pesticides of interest such as lindane, bentazone and fenitrothion to determine the feasibility of decontamination of aqueous solutions from these pollutants. The results show that aqueous solutions containing the above pesticides, upon photolysis in the presence of polyoxotungstates undergo effective degradation to CO2, H2O and the corresponding inorganic anions. The intermediates identified give rise to complicated degradation mechanisms prior to mineralization. The characteristic reactions that take place consist of hydroxylation, H-abstraction, dehalogenation, denitration, desulfurization, breaking of the C-C bond etc.
Instantaneous pressure measurements on a spherical grain under threshold flow conditions

Abstract The aim of this investigation was to experimentally examine the surface pressures and resulting forces on an individual sediment grain whose size is comparable to the scales of the turbulent channel flow in an effort to discern details of the flow/grain interaction. This was accomplished by measuring the pressure fluctuations on the surface of a coarse, fully exposed, spherical grain resting upon a bed of identical grains in open channel turbulent flow. This spherical particle was instrumented with low-range, high-frequency-response pressure transducers to measure the individual surface pressures simultaneously on its front, back, top and bottom. The local flow velocity was measured synchronously with a laser Doppler velocimeter. The flow and sediment are near threshold conditions for entrainment with the channel and particle Reynolds numbers varying between 31 000–39 000 and 330–440 respectively. The emphasis was on determining the characteristics of the flow field with the potential to dislodge a spherical grain under uniform flow conditions as well as in the wake of a circular cylinder placed spanwise across the flow in otherwise fully developed open channel flow. It is concluded that the streamwise velocity near the bed is most directly related to those force events (and associated individual surface pressure distributions) crucial for particle entrainment. The lift force was observed to momentarily reach values which can be consequential for particle stability, although it is poorly correlated with the fluctuating normal velocity component. Turbulence intensity near the bed, rather than being the causative factor for increased force fluctuations, was shown to be an indicator of changes in the average lift force experienced by the grain during the application of extreme drag forces, at least for this particular flow condition (the upstream, spanwise-mounted circular cylinder). This effect is known to alter the sediment transport rates significantly. The characteristics of the temporal durations of flow events about the local maxima in the stagnation pressure, drag and lift forces, using a conditional sampling method, revealed the prevalence of sweep-type near-bed flow events in generating favourable conditions for particle dislodgement, although the dominant feature is the positive streamwise velocity fluctuation, not the normal velocity component. The duration of such events was the highest in the fourth and first quadrants in the $u,w$ plane, inducing high impulses on the grain.
How much is the ocean really warming?

We use a global hydrographic dataset to study the effect of instrument related biases on the estimates of long‐term temperature changes in the global ocean since the 1950s. The largest discrepancies are found between the expendable bathythermographs (XBT) and bottle and CTD data, with XBT temperatures being positively biased by 0.2–0.4°C on average. Since the XBT data are the largest proportion of the dataset, this bias results in a significant World Ocean warming artefact when time periods before and after introduction of XBT are compared. Using bias‐corrected XBT data we argue reduces the ocean heat content change since the 1950s by a factor of 0.62. Our estimate of the ocean heat content increase (0–3000 m) between 1957–66 and 1987–96 is 12.8·1022 J. Because of imperfect sampling this estimate has an uncertainty of at least 8·1022 J
Application of Moran-Ricker model for analysis of Bupalus piniarius L. population dynamics

Statistical method of analysis of population time series in considered in current publication. This method is based on analysis of dynamics of non-linear ecological model parameter estimations in time, and devoted to investigation of influence of changing of weather conditions on population dynamics. Estimations of model parameters were obtained for all parts (which contains 12 measured values each) of initial sample. For the approximation of sub-samples the well-known Moran – Ricker model (Moran, 1950; Ricker, 1954) of isolated population dynamics was used. This model was used for the approximation of dataset of pine looper moth (Bupalus piniarius L.) dynamics in Germany (total sample size is 58; Schwerdtfeger, 1957, 1968). Estimation of model parameters were obtained with least squares method. Analyses of tendencies of model parameter estimations showed that there are no reasons for rejecting hypotheses about the equalities of regression line angles to zero. It gives the base for conclusion about the absence of serious changing in weather conditions in Germany during considering time interval (60 years).
Managing acute malnutrition: A review of the evidence and country experiences in South Asia and a recommended approach for Bangladesh.

FANTA reviewed evidence and country experiences in the management of acute malnutrition (MAM) in 11 South and Southeast Asia countries to examine how the different countries in the region have tackled acute malnutrition among children 6-59 months of age. The findings highlight the limited evidence base in South and Southeast Asia while echoing the need for nutrition services in the region. The review also identified a number of recommendations needed to scale-up MAM around leadership and coordination design of community-based management of acute malnutrition adoption of standardized monitoring and evaluation of programs and documentation and sharing of program experiences.
Segregation and Resegregation in North Carolina’s Public School Classrooms

Although many studies have used information at the school level to measure the degree of racial segregation between schools, the absence of more detailed data has limited the analysis of segregation within schools. Using a rich set of administrative data on North Carolina public schools, we examine patterns of enrollment both across and within schools, allowing us to assess the comparative importance of segregation of each type and how they interact. To examine patterns in upper as well as lower grades, we perform separate tabulations for 1st, 4th, 7th, and 10th grades. The data make possible what we believe to be the most comprehensive study of within-school segregation undertaken in two decades, one that covers schools in all 117 districts of a large and racially diverse state. Using data for 1994/95 and 2000/01, we find marked increases in segregation over the period. In addition, we find that within-school segregation was much less important in the elementary grades than in 7 and 10 grades and that segregation of both types tended to be greatest in districts with nonwhite shares between 50 and 70 percent. Corresponding author: Charles T. Clotfelter Box 90245 Duke University Durham, NC 27708-0245 Charles.Clotfelter@Duke.edu *Paper prepared for a conference on the Resegregation of Southern Schools, to be held at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, August 29-30, 2002 and sponsored by the Civil Rights Project of Harvard University and the University of North Carolina School of Law. This is a preliminary draft, and comments are welcome, but it is not for citation without permission. Appendices B and C are available from the authors upon request.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SURFACE MATCHING ALGORITHMS

Airborne laser ranging systems provide a new source for determining surfaces. There is an increasing need to compare surfaces and to combine and merge surface data obtained with different sensors. This paper addresses the problem of determining the 3D transformation parameters between two sets of points describing the same physical surface. However, the two sets are in different reference systems and the points are not identical. We describe two mathematical models that are suitable to find optimal transformation parameters such that the differences between the two sets of surface descriptions become minimal. The first approach minimizes the remaining differences along the z−axis of one of the coordinate systems while the second approach minimizes the distances between points of one surface description to surface patches of the other surface, parallel to the corresponding surface normals. After deriving the mathematical models, the two methods are tested with synthetic data. The performance of both methods are investigated with different topographic configurations The experiments confirm the theoretical expectations that the transformation parameters can only be determined well if the surface has reasonable surface slopes with surface normals pointing in all different directions. If these conditions are not satisfied, the transformation problem becomes ill-posed and only a subset of the parameters can be determined. For surfaces with large slopes, the second method performs better because it minimizes distances along surface normals.
Comparative Analysis of the Multispectral Vegetation Indices and the Radar Vegetation Index

RVI (Radar Vegetation Index) has shown some promise in the vegetation fields, but its relationship with MVI (Multispectral Vegetation Index) is not known in the context of various land covers. Presented herein is a comparative analysis of the MVI values derived from the LANDSAT-8 and RVI values originating from the RADARSAT-2 quad-polarimetric SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) data. Among the various multispectral vegetation indices, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and SAVI (Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index) were used for comparison with RVI. Four land covers (urban, forest, water, and paddy field) were compared, and the patterns were investigated. The experiment results demonstrated that the RVI patterns of the four land covers are very similar to those of NDVI and SAVI. Thus, during bad weather conditions and at night, the RVI data could serve as an alternative to the MVI data in various application fields.
Numerical simulation of seismicity due to fluid injection in a brittle poroelastic medium

SUMMARY It has recently been shown that rather small perturbations in eiective stress due to £uid injection or withdrawal may trigger microseismic events. Such events, typically in the magnitude range below magnitude 4 ML, have similar characteristics to normal tectonic earthquakes, with double-couple focal mechanisms implying a dominant shear motion at the source. In this paper we examine the nature of this mechanical £uid^rock interaction for the case of £uid injection in a hydrocarbon reservoir. Our model is based on the combination of a model of seismicity in dry rocks and a model of pore £uid pressure diiusion. The former involves a ¢nite diierence approximation of the equation of motion, and the latter follows a lattice Boltzmann approach. They are coupled via the concept of eiective stress, applied both to the Mohr^Coulomb rupture criterion and to the volumetric elastic deformations, which in turn perturb the pore pressure. The simplifying assumptions are that the £uid and solid phases have the same bulk moduli and that strain compatibility conditions are not included. 2-D plane-strain simulations of £uid injections in an anisotropically pre-stressed elastic brittle medium illustrate the capabilities of the model: spontaneous inception and growth of shear fractures, in both the near and far ¢elds, and explicit calculation of their seismic radiation, which feeds back into pore pressure perturbations. They also show that, as expected, the amount and rate of stress drop during the brittle rupture control the size and spatial density of the resulting fractures. Our model should prove to be relevant at least in two cases: as a simulation tool in the investigation of correlations between injection and producer wells which are thought to be of geomechanical origin in certain oil ¢elds, and as a forward model in the inversion of focal mechanisms of pore-pressure-induced shear events.
Flavonol Glycosides from Consolida armeniaca

Three known flavonol glycosides, i.e., kaempferol 3,7-O-\( a \)-L-dirhamnopyranoside ({\bfseries 1}), kaempferol 3-O-\( b \)-D-glucopyranosyl-(1\( \ra \)2)-\( a-L-rhamnopyranoside-7-O-\( a \)-L-rhamnopyranoside ({\bfseries 2}) and kaempferol 3-O-\( a \)-L-rhamnopyranoside-7-O-\( b \)-D-glucopyranosyl-(1\( \ra \)2)-\( a \)-L-rhamnopyranoside ({\bfseries 3}), were isolated for the first time from the flowers of {\itshape Consolida armeniaca}, and the structures of flavonol glycosides were deduced by high field 1D and 2D NMR and FAB-MS spectroscopies. The acetyl derivatives of {\bfseries 1-3} were also prepared ({\bfseries 1a, 2a, 3a}) and identified by NMR and positive FAB mass spectra.
Nematicidal properties of crude extracts obtained from medicinal plants against root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus coffeae

To investigate nematicidal activity against the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus coffeae , the methanolic extracts were obtained from 5 medicinal plants in Vietnam. Methanol extracts of the 5 samples were screened for nematicidal activity against Pratylenchus coffeae in vitro . Of the plant extracts tested, a 5 mg/ml concentration of Terminalia nigrovenulosa extract showed the highest level (95.0%) of nematicidal activity against Pratylenchus coffeae at 9 h after treatment. The remainder of the plant extracts was followed by Cinnamomum camphora (66.7%), Jasminum suptriplinerve (30.8%), Premna integrifolia (6.7%), and Treptocaulon juventas (5.8%). A 2.0 mg/mlconcentration of T. nigrovenulosa resulted in 13.3, 42.5, 62.5 and 86.7% at 1, 3, 5 and 7 h after treatment, respectively against Pratylenchus coffeae . Concentration of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/ml of T. nigrovenulosa resulted in 26.7, 71.7, 78.3 and 86.7% effectiveness respectively, at 7 h after treatment. Also, at 3 days after exposure to T. nigrovenulosa , hatch was inhibited by 60.0, 45.8, 17.5 and 5.8% at 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/ml, respectively. Hatch was inhibited by 65.0, 50.8, 21.7 and 6.7% at 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/ml respectively, at 6 days after exposure to T. nigrovenulosa . The mortality rate and hatch inhibition increased with increasing incubation time for crude extract of T. nigrovenulosa.
Generalization of Some Problems with s-Separation

In this article we apply and discuss El-Desouky technique to derive a generalization of the problem of selecting k balls from an n-line with no two adjacent balls being s-separation. We solve the problem in which the separation of the adjacent elements is not having odd and even separation. Also we enumerate the number of ways of selecting k objects from n-line objects with no two adjacent being of separations m, m + 1, …, pm, where p is positive integer. Moreover we discuss some applications on these problems.
Screening of beneficial properties of rhizobacteria isolated from Saffron (Crocus sativus L) rhizosphere

Plant growth promoting rhizobacterias (PGPRs) are free living soil bacteria that colonize root surfaces and have the capacity to enhance plant growth directly or indirectly. A total of 23 bacterial strains were isolated from saffron rhizoshere soil during the flowering stage of corms. All these isolates were screened for their plant growth promoting traits like production of IAA, phosphate solubilisation activity and siderophore production. The maximum percentage of the bacterial isolates was of Gram negative rod shaped type. A total of six isolates were capable of showing one or more than one of the activities like IAA production, Siderphore production and phosphate solubilisation activity. The Bacillus subtilis showed highest IAA production of 360 µg/ml while as Pseudomonas ssp. , was found to be highly efficient in terms of phosphate solubilisation production (460 µg/ml) and siderophore production (62%). It was concluded from the results that these rhizobacterial strains isolated could be a promising source for plant growth promoting agent in increasing the growth of cormlets vis a vis enhancing the yield of saffron.
The skyrmion-bubble transition in a ferromagnetic thin film

Magnetic skyrmions and bubbles, observed in ferromagnetic thin films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, are topological solitons which differ by their characteristic size and the balance in the energies at the origin of their stabilisation. However, these two spin textures have the same topology and a continuous transformation between them is allowed. In the present work, we derive an analytical model to explore the skyrmion-bubble transition. We evidence a region in the parameter space where both topological soliton solutions coexist and close to which transformations between skyrmion and bubbles are observed as a function of the magnetic field. Above a critical point, at which the energy barrier separating both solutions vanishes, only one topological soliton solution remains, which size can be continuously tuned from micrometer to nanometer with applied magnetic field.
Measuring the end-to-end performance of digital video systems

Significant research and development efforts by industry and government laboratories were brought to fruition in 1996 with the approval of the American National Standard (ANSI) T1.801. 03 entitled "American National Standard for Telecommunications-Digital Transport of One-Way Video Signals-Parameters for Objective Performance Assessment. " This standard provides a set of objective parameters that have consistently demonstrated high correlation levels with subjective evaluations of digital video impairments. The parameters are technology-independent and may be used to measure the performance of a wide range of digital video compression, storage, and transmission systems. This paper presents an overview of the ANSI T1.801. 03 parameters and summarizes other relevant standards activities and contributions.
A Systemic Approach to Evaluate the Flood Vulnerability for an Urban Study Case in Southern Italy

Currently, the urban flooding is one of the most concerning problems in hydraulic protection, both for the enormous number of people and the different elements (buildings, roads, vehicles, and so on) potentially exposed to risk, as well as the complexity of the territory at issue. At the practical level, vulnerability indicators are often predictably too narrow in their coverage of aspects of vulnerability. An important need remains to produce more conceptually informed vulnerability indicators or parameters and more satisfactory operational tools to assess weaknesses and resilience in coping with natural risks. In this paper, we present an innovative methodology that adopts a systemic approach to evaluate the vulnerability due to a flood scenario. The operative efficiency of the proposed GIS tool is validated in pilot application site, i.e. an urban area in Puglia Region, Southern Italy, on the basis of, studies surveys and damages carried out from a recent flood event occurred in the area. The model evaluates the direct structural damages and explores the potential operating conditions of the road network in case of the flood event. The resulting vulnerability assessment tool can guide evaluators towards a comprehensive understanding of strengths and fragilities of a territory and community where a flood occurs embedding and integrating as much as possible the multifaceted and articulated nature of an urban system.
Explorer Program Synthesis Using Dual Interpretation

We present an approach to component-based program synthesis that uses two distinct interpretations for the symbols in the program. The first interpretation defines the semantics of the program. It is used to specify functional requirements. The second interpretation is used to capture nonfunctional requirements that may vary by application. We present a language for program synthesis from components that uses dual interpretation. We reduce the synthesis problem to an exists-forall problem, which is solved using the exists-forall solver of the SMT-solver Yices. We use our approach to synthesize bitvector manipulation programs, padding-based encryption schemes, and block cipher modes of operations.
Prediction and Correction Algorithm for aGesture Controlled Robotic Arm

One of the most popular technique to control robotic arm is by making it emulate the movements of the human arm. One of the advantages of the robotic arm is that it simplifies computational complexities. An arrangement of sensors attached to the human arm is used for tracking down hand movement. The arrangement consists of two accelerometers, a potentiometer and an IR receiver-transmitter pair. The Robotic Arm has Five degree of freedom where each joint is controlled by a servo motor that are capable of producing a movement of 180 degrees. In this paper we have proposed an algorithm based on correction and prediction for the purpose of swift synchronization of human hand and Robotic Arm. Successful implementation of the algorithm was achieved on the robotic arm.