Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Landscape Ecology of Invasive Spread

Abstract: Although habitat loss, fragmentation, and invasive species collectively pose the greatest threats to biodiversity, little theoretical or empirical research has addressed the effects of landscape structure—or spatial pattern more generally—on the spread of invasive species. Landscape ecology is the study of how spatial pattern affects ecological process. Thus, a landscape ecology of invasive spread involves understanding how spatial pattern, such as habitat fragmentation or resource distributions, affects the various stages of the invasion process. Landscape structure may affect the spread of invasive species and the invasibility of communities by (1) enhancing spread above some threshold level of landscape disturbance directly, or indirectly through landscape effects on dispersal vectors; (2) affecting the various stages of the invasion process (e.g., dispersal vs. population growth) in different, potentially contrasting, ways; (3) interacting with the distribution of invasive species to facilitate spread (e.g., nascent foci); (4) promoting or altering species interactions in ways that enhance the invasibility of communities (e.g., edge effects); (5) compromising the adaptive potential of native species to resist invasion, or—alternatively—enhancing the adaptive response of invasive species, in fragmented landscapes; and (6) interacting with the dynamics of the disturbance architecture to create spatiotemporal fluctuations in resource availability, which enhance system invasibility. Understanding the landscape ecology of invasive spread may thus afford new insights and opportunities for managing and restoring landscapes so as to control the spread of invasive species and minimize the invasibility of communities.
Fundamental Mechanistic Studies of the Photo-Fenton Reaction for the Degradation of Organic Pollutants

Very few regions of the planet possess abundant fresh water and access to adequate fresh water resources can be expected to worsen as a result of population growth and industrial demands for water. Liquid effluents containing toxic substances are generated by a variety of chemistry-related industrial processes, as well as by a number of common household or agricultural applications. The inadequate management of these residues can cause contamination of the soil and of subterranean and surface water sources. In general, the recovery of industrial effluents containing low levels of organic substances by conventional treatments is not economically viable. Thus, for example, removal of the pollutant by adsorption onto active charcoal, while often efficient, requires subsequent recovery or incineration of the charcoal and merely transfers the pollutant from one phase to another (Matthews, 1992). Substances that are biocides or that are non-biodegradable represent a particular threat to the environment and prevent the use of conventional biological treatments. Social and legal demands for environmental safety increasingly require that effluents discharged into the environment have minimal impact on human health, natural resources and the biosphere. These demands have fueled increasing research into the development of new, more effective and economically viable methods for pollution control and prevention. When applied to the degradation of pollutants, these reactions are usually grouped together under the designations of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) or Advanced Oxidation Technologies (AOT).
Role of renal vascular potassium channels in physiology and pathophysiology

The control of renal vascular tone is important for the regulation of salt and water balance, blood pressure and the protection against damaging elevated glomerular pressure. The K+ conductance is a major factor in the regulation of the membrane potential (Vm) in vascular smooth muscle (VSMC) and endothelial cells (EC). The vascular tone is controlled by Vm via its effect on the opening probability of voltage‐operated Ca2+ channels (VOCC) in VSMC. When K+ conductance increases Vm becomes more negative and vasodilation follows, while deactivation of K+ channels leads to depolarization and vasoconstriction. K+ channels in EC indirectly participate in the control of vascular tone by endothelium‐derived vasodilation. Therefore, by regulating the tone of renal resistance vessels, K+ channels have a potential role in the control of fluid homoeostasis and blood pressure as well as in the protection of the renal parenchyma. The main classes of K+ channels (calcium activated (KCa), inward rectifier (Kir), voltage activated (Kv) and ATP sensitive (KATP)) have been found in the renal vessels. In this review, we summarize results available in the literature and our own studies in the field. We compare the ambiguous in vitro and in vivo results. We discuss the role of single types of K+ channels and the integrated function of several classes. We also deal with the possible role of renal vascular K+ channels in the pathophysiology of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and sepsis.
LijeËenje moædanog udara Treatment of Stroke

Takva su stanja: Prvenstveni cilj specifiEnog lijeEenja je smanjiti oπteEenje mozga uzrokovano ishemijom, a time i neuroloπki deficit. Smanjenjem zone infarkta smanjuje se i opasnost od prerane smrti, poglavito od moaedanog edema i transtentorijalne hernijacije. Mehanizam nastanka moaedane ishemije je sloaeen, a sveukupno dovodi do smanjenja opskrbe neurona hranjivim tvarima. U srediπtu ishemijskog procesa dolazi do smanjenja dotoka glukoze, sinteze adenozin trifosfata i fosfokreatina, πto pak dovodi do smanjenja staniEnog energetskog kapaciteta. Zona koja okruaeuje srediπnji dio ishemije i u kojoj je prisutan djelomiEan poremeEaj energetskog kapaciteta naziva se ishemijskom penumbrom. Ona predstavlja kritiEnu zonu u kojoj terapijska intervencija moaee smanjiti oπteEenje (1). U akutnom moaedanom udaru najvaaenije je poEeti lijeEenje πto prije, i to u specijaliziranim jedinicama intenzivnog lijeEenja (JIL), optimalno 3-6 sati od poEetka bolesti.
ALTERNATIVAS AL ANÁLISIS Y REPRESENTACIÓN CARTOGRÁFICA DE LA SUBIDA DEL NIVEL DEL MAR SOBRE MODELOS DIGITALES DE ELEVACIONES: EL CASO DE MIAMI-DADE COUNTY (FLORIDA, EEUU).

En este trabajo se presentan tres aproximaciones cartograficas del fenomeno de la subida del nivel medio del mar en el Condado de Miami-Dade. Frente al uso tradicional de modelos digitales de elevaciones para distinguir de manera dicotomica, entre celdillas inundables y no inundables, se proponen tres alternativas que permiten realizar analisis de mayor profundidad y expresividad. La primera aproximacion consiste en una representacion dicotomica de siete escenarios y/o modelos en un unico mapa, lo cual permite una sencilla visualizacion de un amplio abanico de posibles situaciones futuras contempladas por la comunidad cientifica. La segunda aproximacion es temporal, puesto que representa la fecha en la que, de acuerdo con un unico escenario de inundacion, sera cubierta una celdilla durante situaciones de pleamar. La tercera aproximacion representa en cada celdilla la tasa lineal de cambio del nivel medio del mar que debe producirse como promedio durante el siglo XXI para que una celdilla quede inundada durante pleamares de coeficiente 0,7. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una elevada probabilidad de inundacion por subida del nivel medio del mar en el norte de la ciudad de Miami a medio y largo plazo.
Treatment outcomes in cerebral artery dissection and literature review

Methods Patients with cerebral artery dissections were reviewed in a hospital setting from 2008 to 2015. Clinical presentations, lesion locations, treatment modalities, functional outcomes, and mortality were reviewed. Parent artery occlusion was the first choice for surgery or endovascular treatment of a hemorrhagic dissecting cerebral artery. Endovascular or surgical reconstructive treatment was indicated in patients whose parent artery could not be occluded. Favorable functional outcomes were determined using modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores of 0–2. Results In total, 61 patients with cerebral artery dissections were admitted to the hospital. Seven (11.5%) had traumatic dissections. All traumatic dissections were located in the internal carotid arteries. Overall favorable outcome rate was about 57% (4/7). Spontaneous cerebral artery dissections were found in 54 patients. No difference in favorable outcomes was observed between parent vessel occlusion and selective occlusion with parent vessel preservation (or vessel reconstruction) (70% and 63%, respectively, p = 1.000). Patients who presented with spontaneous dissection without intracranial hemorrhage had more favorable outcomes than those with intracranial hemorrhage (79% and 52%, respectively, p = 0.045). The mortality rate of patients with spontaneous dissection was 7.4%. Conclusions Most of the traumatic dissections were located on the internal carotid arteries and spontaneous dissections were commonly located on vertebral arteries. Nonhemorrhagic spontaneous cerebral dissections had better functional outcomes after treatment. Endovascular and surgical management were effective treatments by parent vessel occlusion or reconstructions.
Small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) monovision for presbyopia correction

Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of myopic small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) monovision in presbyopic patients. Methods: This study included 49 presbyopic patients older than 45 years seeking surgical correction of myopia or myopic astigmatism who underwent bilateral SMILE with planned monovision in the SMILE Eyes Clinic Linz, Austria. Target refraction was plano for dominant (distance) eyes and ranged between -1.25 and -0.50 D for nondominant (near) eyes. Best-corrected distance visual acuity, uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), uncorrected near visual acuity, as well as spectacle dependence were assessed after a mean postoperative period of 7.2 ± 4.8 months. Results: Mean age was 49 ± 3 years and female to male ratio was 30:19. Distance eyes achieved a spherical equivalent correction of ±0.50 D from target refraction in 80% of patients and 96% were within ±1.0 D. Binocular UDVA of 20/20 or better was achieved by 90% of patients and all patients achieved 20/25 or better. The proportion of patients with a binocular UDVA of 20/20 or better who could read J2 or better amounted to 84%. Complete spectacle independence was achieved by 84% of patients and independence from reading glasses was achieved in 92% of cases. No patient requested refractive enhancement or monovision reversal. Conclusions: This first evaluation of SMILE monovision endorses the approach as a safe and effective option for the correction of presbyopia in myopic patients seeking refractive surgery.
Bacteriophage lysis: mechanism and regulation

Bacteriophage lysis involves at least two fundamentally different strategies. Most phages elaborate at least two proteins, one of which is a murein hydrolase, or lysin, and the other is a membrane protein, which is given the designation holin in this review. The function of the holin is to create a lesion in the cytoplasmic membrane through which the murein hydrolase passes to gain access to the murein layer. This is necessary because phage-encoded lysins never have secretory signal sequences and are thus incapable of unassisted escape from the cytoplasm. The holins, whose prototype is the lambda S protein, share a common organization in terms of the arrangement of charged and hydrophobic residues, and they may all contain at least two transmembrane helical domains. The available evidence suggests that holins oligomerize to form nonspecific holes and that this hole-forming step is the regulated step in phage lysis. The correct scheduling of the lysis event is as much an essential feature of holin function as is the hole formation itself. In the second strategy of lysis, used by the small single-stranded DNA phage phi X174 and the single-stranded RNA phage MS2, no murein hydrolase activity is synthesized. Instead, there is a single species of small membrane protein, unlike the holins in primary structure, which somehow causes disruption of the envelope. These lysis proteins function by activation of cellular autolysins. A host locus is required for the lytic function of the phi X174 lysis gene E.
Mesolithic Industries in Central England: an exploratory investigation using microlith typology

Central England has previously represented a blank area for mesolithic studies. This article endeavours to correct this with the publication of the microlithic component of three prolific surface assemblages from sites on the east Warwickshire plateau. The microliths, of later mesolithic type, are described and analysed in detail, and are shown to be noteworthy for the inclusion of large numbers of inverse basally retouched points. The assemblages are placed in their English context, and the significance of their distribution discussed.
Stent-assisted coiling of cerebral aneurysms with the Neuroform Atlas stent

Objectives The Neuroform Atlas stent (AS) is the smallest intracranial stent with an open-cell design. This study reports the first clinical experience with AS. Methods All intracranial aneurysms treated by stent-assisted coiling using a single AS in a single institution were retrospectively evaluated. Patient demographics, aneurysm characteristics, angles between the parent artery and stented branch, technical success, and clinical and angiographic follow-up were analyzed. Results Fifty-five consecutive aneurysms treated with AS-assisted coiling were included. Of these, 69.1% were located distal to the circle of Willis. Technical success rate was 100%. The mean diameters of proximal and distal parent arteries were 2.62 mm (range 1.5–4.4) and 1.8 mm (range 0.8–3.5), respectively. Except for a minor stroke in a patient who completely discontinued antiplatelet therapy on postoperative day 4, there were no clinical events with permanent sequelae, and 94.1% of patients had Raymond-Roy score of 1 or 2 aneurysmal occlusion at a mean follow-up duration of 7.9 months. Although the angle between the parent artery and the stented branch increased significantly (p < 0.001) with time, the angular change at follow-up was only 16.45 ± 11.03 degrees and was inversely correlated both with preoperative angle and the diameter of the distal parent artery (r = −0.465 and r = −0.433, respectively, p = 0.004 for both). Conclusion AS-assisted coiling was associated with a favorable early clinical outcome and angiographic results in this series. This stent can be used for distally located aneurysms and results in minimal alteration of the arterial anatomy.
Guideline of guidelines: bladder pain syndrome

Bladder pain syndrome (BPS) is a debilitating condition which can be difficult to diagnose and treat due to the lack of consensus on aetiology, definition, and management. The aim of this review is to summarise the findings from major national and international guidelines on the management of BPS, highlighting areas of disagreement and uncertainty.
Health Self-Empowerment Theory: Predicting Health Behaviors and BMI in Culturally Diverse Adults

Health Self-Empowerment Theory asserts that 5 controllable psychological variables predict engagement in health-promoting behaviors. This study tests the theoretical integrity of Health Self-Empowerment Theory and its usefulness in predicting health-promoting behaviors and body mass index. Results from surveying 189 predominantly low-income, overweight/obese, and culturally diverse adults showed that most Health Self-Empowerment Theory variables were positively correlated. Structural equation modeling showed that 4 variables significantly predicted engagement in health-promoting behaviors, which mediated the relationships between body mass index and (a) motivation, (b) health self-efficacy, and (c) self-praise. Results support creating psychologically informed interventions to increase engagement in health-promoting behaviors and decrease body mass index among low-income adults, particularly racial/ethnic minorities, at risk for obesity-related health problems.
1q21扩增对硼替佐米治疗初治多发性骨髓瘤患者疗效和预后的影响

目的 探讨1q21扩增（简称1q）对硼替佐米（Btz）治疗多发性骨髓瘤（MM）疗效和预后的影响。 方法 以2009年11月至2016年8月180例初治MM患者为研究对象，比较伴与不伴1q的MM患者的临床特征，分析其对Btz疗效及患者预后的影响，并通过R2分析平台，比较伴和不伴1q MM样本间基因表达谱的差异。 结果 ①180例患者中，男98例、女82例，中位年龄60（33~86）岁。 1q发生率为51. 1%（92/180），174例患者随访资料完整，其中1q组88例，无1q组86例。 ②1q组和无1q组伴del(1p)的发生率分别为27. 8%和9. 4%（χ2=3.71，P=0.040），伴IGH重排的发生率分别为72. 2%和57. 6%（χ2=4.09，P=0.017），差异均有统计学意义。 ③1q组和无1q组患者的中位无进展生存（PFS）时间分别为15.0（95% CI 15.0~22.1）、20.3（95% CI 20.7~31.2）个月，中位总生存（OS）时间分别为29. 4（95% CI 28.9~38.7）、44.0（95% CI 36.4~47.6）个月，1q组较无1q组均显著缩短（P值分别为0.029、0.038），且1q为影响患者预后的独立不良因素（PFS：HR=1.910，95%CI 1.105~3.303，P=0.020；OS：HR=2.353，95%CI 1.090~5.078，P=0.029）。 ④伴1q患者中，Btz治疗组深度缓解率（≥非常好的部分缓解率）明显优于非Btz组（62.1%对40. 0%，P=0.032），序贯auto-HSCT组较非移植组PFS期明显延长（19对13个月，P=0.048）。 ⑤基因表达谱分析结果显示，有1q和无1q样本的基因表达谱不同，1q上调1q21区>50%基因表达，并导致1号染色体及全基因组基因表达的异常，差异显著的基因与DNA修复和细胞周期等相关（P值均<0.001）。 结论 1q是影响患者生存的独立预后不良因素，其常伴del（1p）和IgH重排等，Btz诱导治疗可明显提高1q患者的深度缓解率，但不改善患者的总生存，而序贯auto-HSCT巩固治疗则可能延长PFS，基因表达谱分析可能有助于解析1q高危的分子基础。
Effects of Right Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction on Coherent Flow Structures in the Human Right Atrium and Right Ventricle

Browning, James Robert (Ph.D., Mechanical Engineering) Effects of Right Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction on Coherent Flow Structures in the Human Right Atrium and Right Ventricle Thesis directed by Associate Professor Jean Hertzberg Heart disease, the leading cause of death in the US, is a complex pathology which may manifest in several ways including morphological and hemodynamic changes in the heart and circulatory system. Recent advances in time resolved cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (4DMRI) have allowed for characterization of blood flow in the right ventricle (RV) and right atrium (RA), including calculation of vorticity and circulation, and qualitative visual assessment of coherent flow patterns. This thesis presents background on heart disease, specifically right ventricular diastolic dysfunction (RVDD), and 4DMRI tools and techniques used for quantitative and qualitative analysis of cardiac flows in the normal and disease states. Results of a preliminary study of right heart vorticity in subjects with RVDD are presented which inform the direction of later analysis. 4DMRI data is characterized to evaluate its suitability for quantitative and qualitative study of the RVDD pathology. Results of a 34 subject study or 20 RVDD patient and 14 normals are presented in which a significant difference is found in early diastolic right heart vorticity between the normal and pathologic group. A qualitative visual analysis is presented of differences and similarities in 3D flow structures between a single normal and RVDD subject at peak systole, peak early diastole, and late diastole in which several differences in 3D flow are
Patterns in German /ʃC/-cluster acquisition

ABSTRACT This study reports on the developmental patterns of /ʃC/ clusters in 145 normally developing monolingual German-speaking children between 2;00 and 2;11. All children completed a picture naming task to allow a systematic qualitative analysis of the production patterns. Children’s reductions of target /ʃC/clusters are examined and are evaluated with respect to two models, ‘factorial typology’ and ‘headedness’, to account for them. The results reveal expected patterns of C2 retention for ‘/ʃ/+[−continuant]’ (e.g. ‘/ʃ/+stop’ and ‘/ʃ/+nasal’) targets, and a rather indeterminate pattern for /ʃl/ and /ʃʁ/. The results for /ʃv/, a clear-cut preference of C2 retention, were rather unexpected, as the C2 is a [+continuant]. The explanation offered for the retention of /v/ is related to a place constraint. The study also examines the data from children who reached an advanced stage of cluster formation with differential targets. More specifically, in several children, one target, /ʃv/, is found to have stayed behind in the reduction phase while all others have advanced to the ‘cluster stage’. Neither the type nor the token frequencies seem satisfactory in accounting for the specific behaviour of /ʃv/. The explanation offered for the uniqueness of this target may be its non-abidence to the Sonority Sequencing Principle (SSP) because of its flat sonority and the Obligatory Contour Principle (OCP) [continuant], because of the unchanging ‘continuance’ which is demanded by the OCP. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
Regional anaesthesia in patients treated with aspirin and clopidogrel.

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Deep Correlated Metric Learning for Sketch-based 3D Shape Retrieval

The explosive growth of 3D models has led to the pressing demand for an efficient searching system. Traditional model-based search is usually not convenient, since people don't always have 3D model available by side. The sketch-based 3D shape retrieval is a promising candidate due to its simpleness and efficiency. The main challenge for sketch-based 3D shape retrieval is the discrepancy across different domains. In the paper, we propose a novel deep correlated metric learning (DCML) method to mitigate the discrepancy between sketch and 3D shape domains. The proposed DCML trains two distinct deep neural networks (one for each domain) jointly with one loss, which learns two deep nonlinear transformations to map features from both domains into a nonlinear feature space. The proposed loss, including discriminative loss and correlation loss, aims to increase the discrimination of features within each domain as well as the correlation between different domains. In the transfered space, the discriminative loss minimizes the intra-class distance of the deep transformed features and maximizes the inter-class distance of the deep transformed features at least a predefined margin within each domain, while the correlation loss focuses on minimizing the distribution discrepancy across different domains. Our proposed method is evaluated on SHREC 2013 and 2014 benchmarks, and the experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method over the state-of-the-art methods.