Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Authentication Protocol for WLAN Mesh Networks in Trusted Environment

Trusted Network Connect provides the functionality of the platform authentication and integrity verification which is crucial for enhancing the security of authentication protocols. However, applying this functionality directly to concrete authentications is susceptible to unknown attacks and efficiency degradation. In this paper, we propose TWMAP, a novel authentication protocol for WLAN Mesh networks in a trusted environment which completed the platform authentication and integrity verification during the user authentication. And, the Schnorr asymmetric signature scheme is utilized to reduce the overhead of the client. The security properties of the new protocol are examined using the Universally Composable Security model. The analytic comparisons and simulation results show that the new protocol is very efficient in both computing and communication costs.
Women Directors' Roles on Corporate Boards: Insights from a Qualitative Study

Previous research on women directors mostly explores the link between women directors and firm performance. The potential mediators explaining this link are largely under-researched. In our exploratory paper, we investigate women directors’ roles in interviews with female and male board members. In the perception of board members, women directors widen the board’s perspectives as unique experts, they objectify discussions, and they act as mediators. By giving first indications on when and how women directors fulfil these roles, our study contributes to the literature on why women directors are sometimes found to enhance firm performance and sometimes they are not.
Governance of International Trade in Genetically Modified Organisms: Is Future Global Food Security at Risk?

It is now twenty years since the first commercial production of GM crops. Domestic regulatory regimes for agricultural biotechnology and GM foods differ considerably across the globe. As a result, international trade and other forms of exchange are considerably inhibited, leading to reduced returns for those investing in the technology and, hence, less investment in RD the TransAtlantic Trade and Investment Partnership and the Trans Pacific Partnership. The conclusion reached is that these agreements, in and of themselves, cannot provide the solution, but they may be able to set the stage for progress in developing harmonized standards. For there to be success stemming from this process, however, there needs to be institutional innovation. If there is success, it will not be quick in coming.
Fine structure and synaptic architecture of HRP‐labelled primary afferent terminations in lamina IIi of the rat dorsal horn

The fine structure and synaptic architecture of the afferent terminations in dorsal horn lamina II are studied using a combined light and electron microscopic procedure after anterograde labelling with horseradish peroxidase. Vibratome parasagittal sections, stained with heavy metal intensified diaminobenzidine after tracer application to the dorsal roots, were flat‐embedded in Epon. The five types of labelled terminal arbors occurring in lamina IIi (Cruz et al., '87: J. Comp. Neurol. 261:221–236) were drawn and relocated in 5‐μm sections cut serially from the thick sections. Ultrathin sections were then cut from the 5‐μm sections so that the terminal fibers and swellings observed in the light microscope could be traced in the electron microscope. The flame‐shaped arbors arose from fine myelinated stem fibers. Terminal strands generated large oval central terminals of type II synaptic glomeruli (CII), which established frequent axoaxonal contacts. Similar terminals have been labelled in the cat after tracer injections into hair‐follicle fibers (Réthelyi et al., '82: J. Comp. Neurol. 207:381–393). The other four plexuses arose from unmyelinated stem fibers. The swarms of ultrafine boutons consisted of extremely thin terminal fibers generating very small, round, or polygonal glomerular terminals containing tightly packed agranular synaptic vesicles of variable size and one mitochondrion at best. The terminal strands of the bouquet plexus bore long and scalloped central varicosities of type I synaptic glomeruli (CI) with pleomorphic agranular vesicles and a relative abundance of dendroaxonal contacts. These features, together with the location in dorsal lamina IIi, suggest their belonging to the fluoride resistant acid phosphatase (FRAP)‐reactive population. The boutons of the undulating fibers and those of the lateral plexus were, like those of the bouquets, scalloped and elongated rostrocaudally (CI), but contained a few large granular vesicles. The occurrence of the swarm, undulating, and lateral plexuses in ventral lamina IIi, which seems to lack FRAP or peptidergic terminals, suggests an origin from other, still unidentified neurochemical populations of fine primary afferents.
Chromosomal changes in colorectal adenomas: Relationship to gene mutations and potential for clinical utility

Although the occurrence of both chromosomal aberrations and specific gene mutations in colorectal tumorigenesis is firmly established, the relationship between these different forms of genetic abnormality remains poorly understood. We have previously demonstrated, in colorectal adenocarcinomas, that mutations of APC, KRAS, and TP53 are each specifically associated with certain chromosomal aberrations. Using comparative genomic hybridization and mutational analysis of APC, KRAS, and TP53 to evaluate 78 colorectal adenomas, we have shown that several of the significant relationships between gene mutations and chromosomal abnormalities reported in colorectal adenocarcinomas also exist at the adenomatous stage. KRAS mutation correlated with 12p gain (P < 0.001) and TP53 mutation with both 20q gain and 18q loss (P = 0.03 for both). In addition, we have identified two chromosomal aberrations, gain of 13q and loss of 11q, that correlate with the presence of synchronous adenomas (P = 0.049 and P = 0.03, respectively) and several chromosomal changes (20p+, 20q+, 17p−, and 18q−) that are related to the onset of high‐grade dysplasia. These data strengthen our previous contention that the co‐occurrence of specific gene mutations and chromosomal changes is not random and significant relationships do exist. Our findings also raise the possibility that certain chromosomal aberrations may act as important clinical biomarkers. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fragment-based approaches to TB drugs

SUMMARY Tuberculosis is an infectious disease associated with significant mortality and morbidity worldwide, particularly in developing countries. The rise of antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) urgently demands the development of new drug leads to tackle resistant strains. Fragment-based methods have recently emerged at the forefront of pharmaceutical development as a means to generate more effective lead structures, via the identification of fragment molecules that form weak but high quality interactions with the target biomolecule and subsequent fragment optimization. This review highlights a number of novel inhibitors of Mtb targets that have been developed through fragment-based approaches in recent years.
Localization of the mcf.2 transforming sequence to the X chromosome.

A transforming sequence was identified using co‐transfection of DNA from the human mammary carcinoma cell line MCF‐7 and of a G418 resistance gene into NIH 3T3 cells, followed by tumor formation in athymic mice. This sequence, named mcf.2, was molecularly cloned. A transforming activity resides in a cosmid clone of 42 kb. mcf.2 did not cross‐hybridize with the known oncogenes tested. In situ hybridization localized it on the X chromosome, probably at q27. This localization was confirmed by hybridization to a panel of human–rodent cell line DNAs.
Embryonic development of the stomatogastric nervous system in Drosophila

Using several cell‐specific markers, the pattern of proliferation, morphogenesis, and neuronal differentiation of the Drosophila larval stomatogastric nervous system (SNS) was analyzed. In the late embryo, four SNS ganglia (frontal ganglion, hypocerebral ganglion, paraesophageal ganglion, ventricular ganglion) can be distinguished. In the early embryo, the precursor cells of the SNS (SNSPs), being an integral part of the anlage of the esophagus, undergo four synchronous rounds of division. Subsequently, SNSPs segregate from the esophageal epithelium in a complex and stereotyped pattern. The majority of SNSPs invaginate and transiently form three (rostal, intermediate, caudal) pouches that, after separating from the esophagus, become epithelial vesicles. At later stages, these SNSPs gradually lose their epithelial phenotype. Starting at the anterior‐dorsal tip of each vesicle, SNSPs dissociate from one another and migrate to the various locations where they differentiate as neurons. Cells of the rostral and intermediate vesicle contribute to the frontal ganglion; the hypocerebral ganglion develops from the intermediate vesicle, the paraesophageal ganglion from the rostral vesicle, and the ventricular ganglion from the caudal vesicle. In addition to the invaginating SNSPs, several distinct groups of SNSPs delaminate as individual cells from the esophageal epithelium. Three clusters of SNSPs delaminate from a region anterior to the rostral pouch; a single SNSP delaminates from the tip of each pouch. All delaminates from the tip of each pouch. All delaminating SNSPs contribute to the frontal ganglion. A significant number of SNSPs undergo cell death. In the late embryo, the stomatogastric ganglia are interconnected by the recurrent nerve and esophageal nerves. The frontal ganglion projects to the brain via the frotal connectives. Both recurrent nerve and frontal connectives are pioneered by small subpopulations of early differentiating stomatogastric neurons that most likely derive from among the dSNSPs and iSNSPs.
Lethal and sublethal responses of an aquatic insect Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) challenged with individual and joint exposure to dissolved sodium selenate and methylmercury chloride

Pollutants rarely occur alone in the natural environment, and few studies have focused on the potential interactions between metals or metalloids. In this study an aquatic insect, the southern house mosquito (Culex quinquefasciatus: Diptera), was used to test the individual and joint effects of dissolved sodium selenate (Se) and methyl mercury chloride (MeHg). We conducted ovipositional preference tests and 14‐day chronic toxicity studies to determine lethal and sublethal responses of C. quinquefasciatus to a range of Se and MeHg concentrations and mixtures. No evidence was found for female ovipositional preference in field trials using artificial ponds. Larvae were more sensitive to MeHg than Se, with LC50 values of 30 μg/L (CI = 28–31 μg/L) and 11 mg/L (CI = 10–12 mg/L) respectively. In addition, larval survival was significantly reduced at concentrations as low as 25 μg/L of MeHg and 8 mg/L of Se. A synergistic interaction was observed in the toxicity of the Se‐MeHg mixtures to C. quinquefasciatus larvae. Larval mosquito survival was significantly reduced at 7.5 μg/L MeHg + 2.75 mg/L Se and an LC50 value of 9 μg/L MeHg + 3.4 mg/L Se was determined for a fixed ratio mixture. The rate of growth of the larvae was analyzed using a Growth Index that provided a sensitive measure of the developmental effects of toxicant exposure. Sodium selenate at concentrations as low as 2 mg/L caused a significant decrease in growth between larvae in treatment versus control solutions after only 4 days. Similarly, MeHg at concentrations as low as 25 μg/L and a Se‐MeHg mixture of 3 μg/L MeHg plus 1.1 mg/L Se caused significant growth reductions after only 2 and 3 days, respectively. These are the first reported survival and developmental data for an aquatic insect exposed to MeHg and Se‐MeHg mixtures. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 22: 287–294, 2007.
Female Self-Employment in the United States: An Update to 2012

This article uses data from the Current Population Survey to examine changes in the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of self-employed women over the 1993–2012 period. The analysis suggests that these female workers, who represented about one-third of all self-employed individuals in 2012, have weathered recessions relatively well and made considerable strides in educational attainment and earnings. In addition, they have become more diverse in terms of race, family characteristics, and health status.
In Vivo Determination of 5‐Hydroxytryptamine Receptor‐Stimulated Phosphoinositide Turnover in Rat Brain

Abstract: Phosphoinositide turnover stimulated by 5‐hy‐droxytryptamine (5‐HT) receptors in the intact rat brain was studied using an in vivo method. Phosphoinositides in the rat brain were prelabeled with [3H]inositol injected into the lateral cerebral ventricles. The rats were killed by microwave irradiation after 48 h and the contents in the frontal cortex of 3H‐inositol phosphates, [3H]inositol‐1‐monophosphate ([3H]IP1), [3H]inositol‐l,4‐bisphosphate ([3H]IP2), and a mixture of [3H]inositol‐l,4,5‐trisphosphate and [3H]inositol‐1,3,4‐trisphosphate ([3H]IP3) were assayed by HPLC. Lithium treatment (10 mEq/kg, i.p., 2 h before) increased the content of[3H]IP1 and[3H]IP2. 5‐Methoxy‐N′,N‐dimethyltryptamine (5‐MeODMT) and quipazine, 5‐HT agonists, significantly increased the amount of 3H‐inositol phosphates under lithium pretreatment. The response to 5‐MeODMT was inhibited by ritanserin, a 5‐HT2 antagonist, but not by (—)‐propranoloI, a 5‐HT1 antagonist. These results suggest that phosphoinositide turnover in the rat frontal cortex in vivo is stimulated by 5‐HT2 receptor activation. It is considered that this method will be useful for measurement of 5‐HT2 receptor‐stimulated phosphoinositide turnover in vivo to examine the in vivo effects of various psychotropic drugs such as antidepressants.
Proinflammatory cytokine levels in patients with conversion disorder

Objective It was aimed to evaluate the relationship between proinflammatory cytokine levels and conversion disorder both commonly known as stress regulated. Method Baseline proinflammatory cytokine levels–[Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), Interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6)]–were evaluated with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in 35 conversion disorder patients and 30 healthy controls. Possible changes in proinflammatory cytokine levels were evaluated again, after their acute phase in conversion disorder patients. Results Statistically significant decreased serum TNF‐α levels were obtained in acute phase of conversion disorder. Those levels increased after acute conversion phase. There were no statistically significant difference observed between groups in serum IL‐1β and (IL‐6) levels. Conclusions Stress associated with conversion disorder may suppress immune function in acute conversion phase and may have diagnostic and therapeutic value.
First Report of Chronic Pulmonary Infection by KPC-3-Producing and Colistin-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Sequence Type 258 (ST258) in an Adult Patient with Cystic Fibrosis

ABSTRACT The spread of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing K. pneumoniae continues to increase, and the possible development of KPC-producing K. pneumoniae infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is a matter of concern. Here, we describe the establishment of a chronic lung infection due to a colistin-resistant KPC-producing K. pneumoniae isolate in an Italian CF patient.
The association between institutional primary angioplasty procedure volume and outcome in elderly Americans.

BACKGROUND The association between greater procedure volume and improved patient outcome in cardiac procedures has been established in percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), coronary stent placement and coronary bypass surgery. The association between primary angioplasty volume and outcome has not been evaluated. METHODS We evaluated the association between the volume of primary angioplasty procedures with short- and long-term outcome in 6,124 patients with documented acute myocardial infarction. Patients without shock on presentation treated with primary coronary angioplasty within 12 hours of hospital admission were selected from consecutive infarct patients included in the Cooperative Cardiovascular Project database. Patients were divided into quartiles based on the volume of primary PTCA procedures performed at their admitting hospital. RESULTS The majority of United States (US) hospitals performed less than three primary PTCA procedures per month. Patients admitted to hospitals in the lowest volume quartile of primary PTCA had 31% higher 30-day mortality than those admitted to the highest volume quartile. After adjustment for baseline differences in patient characteristics, there was an association between admission to higher volume primary PTCA hospitals and lower 30-day mortality (odds ratio per volume quartile = 0.91; 95% confidence interval = 0.83-0.99). CONCLUSION Eighty-two percent of US hospitals perform less than three primary PTCA procedures per month. In elderly Americans treated with primary PTCA, we observed an association between admission to higher volume hospitals and lower short- and long-term mortality. This association was independent of total PTCA volumes.
Weight control practices and disordered eating behaviors among adolescent females and males with type 1 diabetes: associations with sociodemographics, weight concerns, familial factors, and metabolic outcomes.

OBJECTIVE This study examines the prevalence of specific weight control practices/disordered eating behaviors and associations with sociodemographic characteristics, BMI and weight perceptions, family functioning, and metabolic control among adolescent females and males with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study population included 70 adolescent females and 73 adolescent males with type 1 diabetes who completed the AHEAD (Assessing Health and Eating among Adolescents with Diabetes) survey. Data on BMI and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) were drawn from medical records. RESULTS Unhealthy weight control practices were reported by 37.9% of the females and by 15.9% of the males. Among the females, 10.3% reported skipping insulin and 7.4% reported taking less insulin to control their weight. Only one male reported doing either of these behaviors. Weight control/disordered eating behaviors were not associated with age, parental level of education, family structure, or race/ethnicity. Higher levels of weight dissatisfaction tended to be associated with unhealthy weight control/disordered eating; associations with BMI were inconsistent. Family cohesion was negatively associated with disordered eating among females (r = -0.52; P < 0.001) and males (r = -0.41; P < 0.001), but correlations with other measures of family environment (control, independence, and responsibility for diabetes management) were not significant. Correlations between disordered eating and HbA(1c) levels were significant among females (r = 0.33; P < 0.01) and males (r = 0.26; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Special attention is needed for youth with weight concerns and those from less cohesive families to assist in the development of healthy diabetes management behaviors.
Experimental Increase of Neurofilament Transport Rate: Decreases in Neurofilament Number and in Axon Diameter

In 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD)-induced axonal neuropathy, the rate of neurofilament (NF) transport increases in optic axons. To test the prediction that increases in the rate of polymer transport in any one locality of the axon lead directly to a decrease in the number of NF in that locality, NF and microtubules (MT) were quantitatively analyzed in axonal cross sections. In 2,5-HD axons the number of NF was 38% of that in control axons while the number of MT was not significantly changed; it appears that the drug treatment decreases NF number in the proximal axon regions, most directly through an increase in rate of NF transport. In those regions, the cross-sectional areas of the 2,5-HD-treated axons were 45% smaller than those of control axons; although the axons had shrunk in diameter, they retained their normal cylindrical shapes as measured by the index of circularity. Reduced internal expansive forces in the axon, working in conjunction with the normal external compressive forces, appear to reduce the radius of the axon. Quantitative analyses demonstrated that the average and the maximum lateral spacings between NF-NF, NF-MT, and MT-MT were all 30% larger in 2,5-HD-treated axons than in control axons. This suggests that polymers are relatively free to move laterally away from one another and to fill the available, space within the axon. These observations are not consistent with models wherein 2,5-HD acts to crosslink the NF into an immobile network that can no longer advance within the axon. Instead, it appears more likely that 2,5-HD acts selectively on the interaction between some NF and the slow transport mechanism to increase the rate of NF transport.
Alcohol Septal Ablation for Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Background: The first cases of alcohol septal ablation (ASA) for obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) were published two decades ago. Although the outcomes of single-centre and national ASA registries have been published, the long-term safety and efficacy of the procedure are still debated. Methods: We report long-term outcomes from the largest multi-centre ASA registry (Euro-ASA registry). Findings: A total of 1275 (58±14 years, median follow-up 5 · 0 years) highly symptomatic patients treated with ASA were included. The 30 day post-ASA mortality was 1%. Overall, 171(13%) patients died during follow-up, indicating a post-ASA all-cause mortality rate of 2 · 42 deaths per 100 patient-years. Survival rates at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years after ASA were 98%, 94%, 89%, and 77%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, independent predictors of all-cause mortality were age at ASA (p<0 · 01), septum thickness before ASA (p<0 · 01), and NYHA class before ASA (p=0 · 047); all-cause mortality was also independently associated with the left ventricular (LV) outflow tract gradient at the last clinical check-up (p=0 · 048). ASA reduced the LV outflow tract gradient from 67±36 to 16±21 mmHg (p<0 · 001) and NYHA class from 2 · 9±0 · 5 to 1 · 6±0 · 7 (p<0 · 001). At the last check-up, 89% of patients reported dyspnoea of NYHA class ≤ 2, which was independently associated with LV outflow tract gradient (p<0.001). Interpretation: The Euro-ASA registry demonstrated low peri-procedural and long-term mortality after ASA. This intervention provided durable relief of symptoms and a reduction of LV outflow tract obstruction in selected and highly symptomatic patients with obstructive HCM. As the post-procedural obstruction is independently associated with both worse functional status and prognosis, the choice of optimal therapy should be focused on the complete elimination of LV
Fusion Splicing Photonic Crystal Fibers and Conventional Single-Mode Fibers: Microhole Collapse Effect

We investigate the microhole collapse property of different photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) and its effect on the splice loss using an electric arc fusion splicer. The physical mechanism of the splice loss for different kinds of PCFs is studied, and a guideline for splicing these PCFs and conventional single-mode fibers (SMFs) is proposed. We demonstrate a low-loss fusion splicing of five different PCFs with SMFs, including large-mode PCF, hollow-core PCF, nonlinear PCFs, and polarization-maintaining PCF.