Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The modelling and control of a singular biological economic system with a species migration and environment damage

The paper deals with singular biological economic model of species population and environment at permanent area, meanwhile presenting stage structure. Firstly, the ecosystem of the area is represented by a set of nonlinear differential equations involving migration and environment. Then, we analyze the local stability of equilibriums of the system when the economic profit parameter is zero. By applying the singular systems theory and bifurcation theory, it is shown that the conditions of the singularity induced bifurcation under the positive equilibrium. In order to eliminate the singularity induced bifurcation, we design a state-feedback controller by controlling the strength of environmental protection. At last, We are numerically simulating to support the results of the analysis.
A LPV Fault Detection and Isolation method for a Spark Injection Engine

In this paper we propose a Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) filter design method for Spark Injection Engines. Starting from a detailed nonlinear Mean-value engine mathematical representation, a LPV approximation based on a judicious convex interpolation of a family of linearized models is obtained. An LPV-FDI filter based on the Luenberger observer theory is synthesized by ensuring guaranteed levels of disturbance rejection and fault detection and isolation. The resulting diagnostic filter is parameter-dependent and uses a set of scheduling engine parameters, assumed measurable on-line. The effectiveness of the LPV-FDI framework is illustrated by numerical examples. The obtained LPV approximation is here validated and the diagnostic capabilities of the proposed FDI architecture proved.
Phosphorylation by Cyclic AMP‐Dependent Protein Kinase Modulates Agonist Binding to the D2 Dopamine Receptor

Abstract: Phosphorylation of striatal membranes by cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase resulted in a reduction in the affinity of the D2 dopamine receptor toward its agonist N‐propylnorapomorphine while the affinity to D2‐specific antagonists remained unchanged. The inhibitory effects observed by phosphorylation and guanine nucleotides on agonist binding to the D2 receptor were additive. The purified D2 dopamine receptor from bovine striatum was specifically phosphorylated by cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase with an apparent stoichiometry of 0.7 mol phosphate/mol receptor. The phosphorylated purified D2 receptor also exhibited a reduced agonist binding activity with no change in antagonist binding. The action of cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase on both the membrane preparation and the purified D2 receptor was inhibited by a specific inhibitor of the kinase. These data indicate that phosphorylation mediated by cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase may represent a physiological pathway for modulation of the receptor binding activity.
REPLACEMENT OF STEROIDS : CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS AND INFLUENCE ON CARDIOVASCULAR RISK

In the industrialized nations, coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most fre­ quent cause of death in women. Before the age of 55, the incidence of coro­ nary events in women is only about one third of that in men. After that, it rises steeply, in women aged 75 it reaches the same rate as in men and is even higher in older age [1]. The 10 years difference between men and women in the clinical manifestation of arterio­ sclerosis as well as the increasing inci­ dence of cardiovascular events in women after the age of 55 is often ex­ plained by the anti-atherogenic effect of estrogens. However, little is known about the contribution of androgens to the sex-difference in atherosclerosis. Moreover, it is not clear, whether the increase of CHD-incidence in women after the age of 55 is an effect of age or menopause. In disagreement with the role of menopause as an independent cardiovascular risk factor, the inci­ dence of cardiovascular events rises with the same degree after menopause as before menopause. In contrast, the rate of breast cancer disproportionately increases in postmenopausal women. From this observation, some authors concluded, that menopause is an age­ independent risk factor for breast can­ cer, but not for CHD [2]. Nevertheless, multiple potentially anti-atherogenic properties of estrogens (see below), which are lost upon menopause, result in a more disadvantageous cardiovas­ cular risk factor profile with a higher body mass index, hypertension, total­ and LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, glu­ cose and fibrinogen (table 1). Also the increased incidence of coronary events after surgical bilateral ovariectomy, if not substituted with estrogens, argues for the causal rel­ evance of menopause as a cardiovas­ cular risk factor.
Ecophysiology and respiratory metabolism during the germination of Inga sessilis (Vell.) Mart. (Mimosaceae) seeds subjected to hypoxia and anoxia

This paper presents a study on the respiratory metabolism of germinating seeds of Inga sessilis subjected to normoxia, hypoxia and anoxia. Although it is typical of environments where waterlogging seldom occurs, 40% of its seeds are able to germinate under hypoxia; yet, anoxia periods over 96 h are lethal to the seeds. Ethanol is the main product of the seeds anaerobic metabolism, but the steep increase in lactate after 24 h anoxia or 48 h hypoxia may explain the drop in seed viability.
Compensatory remodeling in symptomatic middle cerebral artery atherosclerotic stenosis: a high-resolution MRI and microemboli monitoring study

Abstract Objective: To investigate the existence of an association between compensatory remodeling in symptomatic middle cerebral artery atherosclerotic stenosis with high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR MRI) and transcranial color Doppler monitoring of microembolic signals (MESs). Methods: A total of 36 consecutive patients with symptomatic middle cerebral artery atherosclerotic stenosis underwent MES monitoring by transcranial color Doppler and 3-T HR MRI. Proton density-weighted cross-sectional images with submillimeter voxel size were obtained. The remodeling patterns and plaque morphology of the sites of maximal luminal narrowing were analyzed in terms of their association with the MES data. Results: Positive remodeling (PR) was found in 16 lesions (44·4%). The remodeling index was 1·11±0·05 in the PR group and 0·99±0·05 in the non-PR group (P<0·0001). Compared with the non-PR group, the PR group had a greater vessel area (19·97±1·42 mm2 versus 18·23±1·23 mm2) and greater wall area (16·93±1·47 mm2 versus 14·93±1·52 mm2; both P<0·0001) at the sites of maximal luminal narrowing. Finally, MESs were observed more frequently in the PR group than in the non-PR group (62·5% versus 15·0%, P = 0·003). Conclusions: In patients with symptomatic middle cerebral artery atherosclerotic stenosis, MESs were observed more frequently in the PR group than in the non-PR group.
A linear dominance hierarchy among clones in chimeras of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum

Abstract Amoebae from different clones of Dictyostelium discoideum aggregate into a common slug, which migrates towards light for dispersal, then forms a fruiting body consisting of a somatic, dead stalk, holding up a head of living spores. Contributions of two clones in a chimera to spore and stalk are often unequal, with one clone taking advantage of the other's stalk contribution. To determine whether there was a hierarchy of exploitation among clones, we competed all possible pairs among seven clones and measured their relative representation in the prespore and prestalk stages and in the final spore stage. We found a clear linear hierarchy at the final spore stage, but not at earlier stages. These results suggest that there is either a single principal mechanism or additive effects for differential contribution to the spore, and that it involves more than spore/stalk competition.
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Virulence Regulation by Two Bacterial Adrenergic Kinases, QseC and QseE

ABSTRACT The human pathogen enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 has two histidine sensor kinases, QseC and QseE, which respond to the mammalian adrenergic hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine by increasing their autophosphorylation. Although QseC and QseE are present in nonpathogenic strains of E. coli, EHEC exploits these kinases for virulence regulation. To further investigate the full extent of epinephrine and its sensors' impact on EHEC virulence, we performed transcriptomic and phenotypic analyses of single and double deletions of qseC and qseE genes in the absence or presence of epinephrine. We showed that in EHEC, epinephrine sensing seems to occur primarily through QseC and QseE. We also observed that QseC and QseE regulate expression of the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) genes positively and negatively, respectively. LEE activation, which is required for the formation of the characteristic attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions by EHEC on epithelial cells, is epinephrine dependent. Regulation of the LEE and the non-LEE-contained virulence factor gene nleA by QseE is indirect, through transcription inhibition of the RcsB response regulator. Finally, we show that coincubation of HeLa cells with epinephrine increases EHEC infectivity in a QseC- and QseE-dependent manner. These results genetically and phenotypically map the contributions of the two adrenergic sensors QseC and QseE to EHEC pathogenesis.
Surface analysis of the photosystem I complex by electron and atomic force microscopy.

Two-dimensional (2D) crystals of the photosystem I (PSI) reaction center from Synechococcus sp. OD24 were analyzed by electron and atomic force microscopy. Surface relief reconstructions from electron micrographs of freeze-dried unidirectionally shadowed samples and topographs recorded with the atomic force microscope (AFM) provided a precise definition of the lumenal and stromal PSI surfaces. The lumenal surface was composed of four protrusions that surrounded an indentation. One of the protrusions, the PsaF subunit, was often missing. Removal of the extrinsic proteins with the AFM stylus exposed the stromal side of the PSI core, whose surface structure could then be imaged at a resolution better than 1.4 nm. This interfacial surface between core and extrinsic subunits, had a pseudo-2-fold symmetry and protrusions that correlated with the surface helices e and e' or were at the sites of putative alpha-helix-connecting loops estimated from the 4 A map of the complex. The molecular dissection achieved with the AFM, opens new possibilities to unveil the interfaces between subunits of supramolecular assemblies.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Research Tool for Biomechanical Studies of the Wrist

The field of biomechanics has welcomed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a research tool to provide quantified anatomy of various body parts in vivo. The ability to view, reconstruct, and analyze images of an intact system under varying conditions has improved our knowledge of functional anatomy. This article forms a review of MRI use in biomechanics research, with examples from several areas and an emphasis on the distal upper extremity. Biomechanical parameters such as muscle fascicle directions of pull, moment arms in three dimensions, muscle cross-sectional areas, and detailed muscle geometry data are prevalent because of advances in imaging technology. This has resulted in improved anatomic realism in biomechanical models. Wrist biomechanics research has benefited greatly using MRI. The unique anatomy of the carpal tunnel, and the concerns regarding carpal tunnel syndrome, have prompted numerous studies examining the contents of the carpal tunnel, its shape, and its volume. These studies are presented, as is an analysis of the finger flexor tendons as they pass through the carpal tunnel. These imaging-based studies all examine the aspects of the potential mechanisms for median nerve compression at the wrist. MRI is a tremendously valuable tool in biomechanics research, especially in the search for the mechanisms of carpal tunnel syndrome and wrist function, providing both visual representation and quantitative evaluation of anatomic phenomena.
Electronic structure of point defects in rutile TiO2.

We present results of a computation of the electronic structure of point defects in reduced rutile using a semiempirical self-consistent method. Calculations on models of both titanium interstitials and oxygen vacancies are reported. We find donor levels in the range 0.7\char21{}0.8 eV for isolated defects in each case. The defects have an effective screening radius of less than 5 \AA{}. We also report results on clusters of defects. These suggest that a model in which the screening charges of multiple defects are added would be quite accurate for systems with multiple defects. Comparison of our results with infrared experiments suggests the presence of defect clustering in nearly stoichiometric rutile, as proposed earlier on the basis of other experiments.
Eating caused by neuropeptide‐Y injection in the paraventricular hypothalamus: response to (+)‐fenfluramine and (+)‐amphetamine in rats

(+)‐Fenfluramine and (+)‐amphetamine have been compared for their ability to reduce food intake in food‐deprived rats or eating caused by injecting neuropeptide‐Y in the paraventricular hypothalamus of free feeding rats. (+)‐Fenfluramine at doses ranging from 0ṁ625 to 5 mg kg−1 reduced eating caused by neuropeptide‐Y more effectively than it did the food intake of food‐deprived rats, whereas (+)‐amphetamine (dose range 0ṁ625‐2ṁ5 mg kg−1) reduced both types of eating to a similar extent. The results confirm that (+)‐fenfluramine, although less potent than (+)‐amphetamine in reducing eating by food‐deprived rats, markedly reduces overeating caused by various endogenous substances or stress in free feeding rats. The physiological significance of the neuropeptide‐Y‐induced eating and its control by (+)‐fenfluramine remains to be elucidated.
Intelligent ridesharing system for taxi to reduce cab fee

This paper presents an intelligent ridesharing system for taxi to share cost and journey among the passengers. The objective of the system is to provide taxi-sharing service for passengers who want to save the payment cost. It is done by recommending taxis drivers for picking up passengers at a higher revenue. The passengers are able to find taxis easily and quickly as well. By exploiting the time-dependent R-Tree, we formulate the problem of choosing the paths among the taxis in the same region by using non-cooperative game theory. The results show that our method can find taxis and passengers at an acceptable range. In addition, applying our method can reduce the payment of passengers and increase the taxi revenue by sharing.
A kitchen in the corner of the house

It seems that Kishan's father had bought the land at the rate of eight annas per square yard and built the house upon it. A row of rooms like railway carriages. Right at the end, the kitchen, stuck on in a careless manner. Two windows. Underneath one, the tap and basin. The latter was too small to place even a single plate in it. Underneath that, the drainage area, without any ledge. As soon as the taps above were opened, the feet standing beneath would begin to tingle. Within ten minutes there would be a small flood underfoot. Soles and heels would start cracking from that constant wetness. Kishan's mother - called Jiji by everyone - would present a soothing ointment for chapped heels on the very first day one entered the kitchen, cooked a meal and was given the traditional gold bangle.
Processing exact results for sliding window joins over data streams using disk storage

We consider the problem of processing exact results for sliding window joins over data streams with limited memory. Existing approaches deal with memory limitations by shedding loads, and therefore cannot provide exact or even highly accurate results for sliding window joins over data streams showing time varying rate of data arrivals. We provide an exact window join (EWJ) algorithm incorporating disk storage as an archive. Our algorithm spills window data onto the disk on a periodic basis, refines the output result by properly retrieving the disk resident data, and maximises output rate by employing techniques to manage the memory blocks. The problem of managing the window blocks in memory – similar in nature to the caching issue – captures both the temporal and frequency related properties of the stream arrivals. We provide experimental results demonstrating the performance and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Varicella‐zoster virus isolates, but not the vaccine strain OKA, induce sensitivity to alpha‐1 and beta‐1 adrenergic stimulation of sensory neurones in culture

The reactivation of varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) from its persistent state in sensory neurones causes shingles and induces severe, long‐lasting pain and hyperalgesia that often lead to postherpetic neuralgia. To investigate the VZV‐induced neuropathic changes, we established conditions for the active infection of sensory neurones from rat dorsal root ganglia in vitro. After 2 days of culture, up to 50% of the cells expressed viral antigens of the immediate‐early and late replication phase. The intracellular calcium ion concentration was monitored in individual cells by microfluorimetry. Whereas the calcium response to capsaicin was preserved, the VZV‐infected neurones gained an unusual sensitivity to noradrenaline stimulation in contrast to non‐infected cells. The adrenergic agonists phenylephrine and isoproterenol had a similar efficacy demonstrating that both α1‐ and β1‐adrenoreceptors were involved. The sensitivity to adrenergic stimulation was observed after infection with different wildtype isolates, but not with the attenuated vaccine strain OKA. The lack of noradrenaline sensitivity of vaccine‐infected neurones demands a structural comparison of wildtype and vaccine viruses with and without phenotype. A partial sequence evaluation (26 kb) of the European OKA vaccine strain surprisingly revealed a series of nucleotide exchanges in comparison to presumably identical OKA strains from other sources, although VZV is generally considered genetically stable. In summary, we report that the infection with wildtype VZV isolates, but not with the vaccine strain, induces noradrenaline sensitivity in sensory neurones, which correlates with clinical and experimental observations of adrenergic effects involved in VZV‐induced neuralgia. J. Med. Virol. 70:S82–S89, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ALMA reveals sunburn: CO dissociation around AGB stars in the globular cluster 47 Tucanae

Atacama Large Millimetre Array observations show a non-detection of carbon monoxide around the four most luminous asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars in the globular cluster 47 Tucanae. Stellar evolution models and star counts show that the mass-loss rates from these stars should be similar to 1.2-3.5x10(-7) M-circle dot yr(-1). We would naively expect such stars to be detectable at this distance (4.5 kpc). By modelling the ultraviolet radiation field from post-AGB stars and white dwarfs in 47 Tuc, we conclude that CO should be dissociated abnormally close to the stars. We estimate that the CO envelopes will be truncated at a few hundred stellar radii from their host stars and that the line intensities are about two orders of magnitude below our current detection limits. The truncation of CO envelopes should be important for AGB stars in dense clusters. Observing the CO (3-2) and higher transitions and targeting stars far from the centres of clusters should result in the detections needed to measure the outflow velocities from these stars.
Multidrug resistance reversal properties and cytotoxic evaluation of representatives of a novel class of HIV‐1 protease inhibitors

Objectives P‐Glycoprotein (P‐gp) plays a central role in the development of resistance against cytostatics in anticancer therapy and against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) therapeutics of the HIV‐1 protease inhibitor type. An approach to reverse the so‐called multidrug resistance (MDR) phenomenon by the use of P‐gp inhibiting agents is a challenge in the therapy of cancer and AIDS. Effective in‐vitro inhibitors have P‐gp substrate properties so that the expected in‐vivo effects have been disappointing so far. Consequent higher dosages cause toxic effects.
Non-Count Symmetries in Boolean & Multi-Valued Prob. Graphical Models

Lifted inference algorithms commonly exploit symmetries in a probabilistic graphical model (PGM) for efficient inference. However, existing algorithms for Boolean-valued domains can identify only those pairs of states as symmetric, in which the number of ones and zeros match exactly (count symmetries). Moreover, algorithms for lifted inference in multi-valued domains also compute a multi-valued extension of count symmetries only. These algorithms miss many symmetries in a domain. In this paper, we present first algorithms to compute non-count symmetries in both Boolean-valued and multi-valued domains. Our methods can also find symmetries between multi-valued variables that have different domain cardinalities. The key insight in the algorithms is that they change the unit of symmetry computation from a variable to a variable-value (VV) pair. Our experiments find that exploiting these symmetries in MCMC can obtain substantial computational gains over existing algorithms.
Evaluating global technology transfer research performance

Technology transfer is one of the most important fields in research and development of new products and new technology knowledge services, technology transfer also one of key issues in knowledge economics era. This study evaluates the global technology transfer development trend of research for the past sixteen years and provides insights into the characteristics of technology transfer research activities to identify development map, tendencies, or regularities that may exist in papers. Data are based on the online version of SCI, Web of Science from 1992 to 2008. Articles referring to technology transfer were assessed according to many aspects including logarithmic model fitting publication outputs during 1992–2007. The result displays that the USA is number one in technology transfer research totaling 447 papers, followed by UK totaling 150 papers. Other leading countries in technology transfer research include Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Canada, Australia and France. This new bibliometric method can help researchers realize the panorama of global technology transfer research, and establish further research direction.