Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prospects of Studying of Volatile Oils of Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz Bip. For Issues in Chemosystematics of Tanacetum Genus

The search for new sources of biologically active substances is an actual issue of pharmaceutical science. Feverfew is a prospective member of the Tanacetum genus. Recently an interest to this plant has grown. Sesquiterpene lactones and phenolic compounds are known to be cause its anti-inflammatory and antimigraine activity. The study of volatile compounds and chemosystematics of the feverfew in this group of BAS has not been conducted before. The aim of the research was to obtain the volatile oil from the feverfew herb, studying of the component composition, an identification of compounds, that can be used for chemosystematics of the genus and establishing of the pharmacological activity according to the chemical content of volatile oil. Materials and methods. The object of research was the samples of the feverfew herb grown and collected in the period of its mass flowering. The volatile oil obtained by steam distillation from the feverfew herb was studied using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Results. The comparative characteristic of the representatives of the genus Tanacetum according to chemosystematic features was carried out. As a result of the research of the volatile oil 44 compounds were found, from which 40 were identified. According to the research, the raw material contained 34.71 % of camphor, this is a typical feature of all species of the genus Tanacetum. Fenchyl acetate was identified in a high enough content – 7,44 % in the domestic raw material, but this compound was not identified in the foreign samples. Chrysanthenyl acetate is accumulated in representatives of the genus Tanacetum in the form of a cis or trans isomer. In our study, the content of trans-chrysanthene acetate was 23.30 %. In the domestic raw materials, monoterpenes – α- and β- thujone – were not identified, which are associated with the toxicity of the raw material. Conclusions. In the volatile oil 44 compounds were found, from which 40 were identified. Monoterpenes prevailed among terpenes, namely camphor, trans-chrysanthenyl acetate and fenchyl acetate, which are typical and can be used for chemosystematic issues of the genus Tanacetum. The identified compounds require anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic, analgesic activities of the volatile oil, therefore creation of the medicinal herbal remedy based on the volatile oil of the feverfew herb is prospective.
Methods for Studying Endocytotic Pathways of Herpesvirus Encoded G Protein-Coupled Receptors

Endocytosis is a fundamental process involved in trafficking of various extracellular and transmembrane molecules from the cell surface to its interior. This enables cells to communicate and respond to external environments, maintain cellular homeostasis, and transduce signals. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute a family of receptors with seven transmembrane alpha-helical domains (7TM receptors) expressed at the cell surface, where they regulate physiological and pathological cellular processes. Several herpesviruses encode receptors (vGPCRs) which benefits the virus by avoiding host immune surveillance, supporting viral dissemination, and thereby establishing widespread and lifelong infection, processes where receptor signaling and/or endocytosis seem central. vGPCRs are rising as potential drug targets as exemplified by the cytomegalovirus-encoded receptor US28, where its constitutive internalization has been exploited for selective drug delivery in virus infected cells. Therefore, studying GPCR trafficking is of great importance. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of endocytic and cell localization properties of vGPCRs and methodological approaches used for studying receptor internalization. Using such novel approaches, we show constitutive internalization of the BILF1 receptor from human and porcine γ-1 herpesviruses and present motifs from the eukaryotic linear motif (ELM) resources with importance for vGPCR endocytosis.
Dual nuclear import mechanisms of sex determining factor SRY: intracellular Ca2+ as a switch

The sex‐determining region on the Y chromosome (SRY) has 2 nuclear localization signals (NLSs) that flank the DNA binding high mobility group (HMG) domain;the β‐NLS and the CaM‐NLS, which mediate nuclear transport through importin β1 (Impβ1) and the calcium‐binding protein calmodulin (CaM), respectively. Here we reconstitute the nuclear import mediated by the 2 NLSs for the first time in vitro, establishing Ran independence of CaM‐NLS‐dependent transport. The β‐ and CaM‐NLSs were found to be independently functional out of the context of the SRY HMG domain, dependent on Impβ1 and CaM binding, respectively. Intriguingly, direct protein binding assays also indicated competitive binding of Impβ1 and CaM to the SRY HMG domain. To assess the potential role of intracellular calcium in modulating SRY nuclear accumulation, Cos‐7 cells expressing SRY and control constructs were treated with agents elevating or reducing intracellular Ca2+ levels. The in vivo results, supported by experiments in vitro where transport was assessed with or without 2 µMCa2+, indicate a Ca2+‐dependent mode of nuclear transport via the CaM‐NLS/CaM, with inhibition of β‐NLS/Impβ1‐mediated nuclear import by intracellular Ca2+. The results imply mutual exclusivity of nuclear transport via the 2 NLSs with intracellular Ca2+ as the switch between the 2. —Kaur, G. Jans, D. A. Dual nuclear import mechanisms of sex determining factor SRY: intracellular Ca2+ as a switch. FASEB J. 25, 665–675 (2011). www.fasebj. org
Quality control and long-term stability study of ginger from different geographical origins using chemometrics.

BACKGROUND Ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale) is a famous spice and medicinal plant that is widely used in the Egyptian market as a spice, flavor and medicinal herb for different diseases. Since it is not cultivated as rhizomes in Egypt. Ginger is imported from different countries, which may impedes its quality. In this study, UV spectroscopy and HPLC were applied as efficient available techniques for the discrimination and quality control of ginger collected from different geographical origins in combination with chemometrics. In addition, HPLC was applied for investigating the stability of ginger samples upon storage for three years to trace the changes in their main active constituents. RESULTS Data obtained from both UV and HPLC in combination with principle component analysis (PCA) displayed proper discrimination of the samples according to their geographical origins. Regarding the stability study, ginger samples showed significant decrease in their quality upon storage for long time, where significant variation in the main pungent principles (6-, 8, 10-gingerols and 6-shogaol) were observed. PCA failed to discriminate between ginger samples after long storage time, so the applied model could discriminate between ginger samples before and after storage. CONCLUSION UV and HPLC in combination with chemometrics can be applies as a successful tool for the study of quality, stability and geographical discrimination of ginger. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
STUDY OF BONE MARROW ASPIRATE INJECTION EFFECT ON DENERVATED MUSCLE ACCORDING TO ELECTROMYOGRAPHY STUDIES

The aim. To study in experiment the effect of bone marrow aspirate injection on the course of denervation-reinnervation processes in skeletal muscle using neurophysiological research method. Materials and methods. Experimental study was performed on 36 mature rabbits weighing 3-4 kg. Experimental model of the peripheral nerve acute injury and neurorrhaphy is taken as a basis. Animals were divided into 4 groups of 9 animals per group (3 animals for each experimental period). At 8, 12, and 16 weeks after surgery, all rabbits underwent needle EMG of the target muscles (m. gastrocnemius, and m. tibialis anterior) to study denervation-reinnervation changes. Results. Results of target muscles electromyographic examination are shown. As norm, we took motor unit potentials parameters, which were registered during the study of contralateral (not operated) pelvic limbs. Largest number of registered MUPs at different stages of the denervation-reinnervation process was observed, and was significantly higher (α = 0.07) in the groups in which bone marrow aspirate was injected in relation to group without bone marrow aspirate injection. Changes in the parameters of the registered MUPs in all groups corresponded to the general characteristics of the denervation-reinnervation process. Conclusions. Injection of bone marrow aspirate into the target muscles during surgery and in the early stages of reinnervation (in experimental study it is 7 weeks after surgery) – reliably (α = 0.07) promotes improvement of reinnervation processes in muscles, which is manifested by registration of more motor unit potentials.
The Rhl Quorum-Sensing System Is at the Top of the Regulatory Hierarchy under Phosphate-Limiting Conditions in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important pathogen, considered a priority for the development of new therapeutic strategies. An important approach to fight its infections relies on blocking quorum sensing. ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major nosocomial pathogen that presents high-level resistance to antibiotics. Its ability to cause infections relies on the production of multiple virulence factors. Quorum sensing (QS) regulates the expression of many of these virulence factors through three QS systems: Las, Rhl, and PQS. The Las system positively regulates the other two systems, so it is at the top of a hierarchized regulation. Nevertheless, clinical and environmental strains that lack a functional Las system have been isolated, and, surprisingly, some of them still have the ability to produce virulence factors and infect animal models, so it has been suggested that the hierarchy is flexible under some conditions or with atypical strains. Here, we analyze the PAO1 type strain and its ΔlasR-derived mutant and report, for the first time, a growth condition (phosphate limitation) where LasR absence has no effect either on virulence factor production or on the gene expression profile, in contrast to a condition of phosphate repletion where the LasR hierarchy is maintained. This work provides evidence on how the QS hierarchy can change from being a strictly LasR-dependent to a LasR-independent RhlR-based hierarchy under phosphate limitation even in the PAO1 type strain. IMPORTANCE Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important pathogen, considered a priority for the development of new therapeutic strategies. An important approach to fight its infections relies on blocking quorum sensing. The Las system is the main regulator of the quorum-sensing response, so many research efforts aim to block this system to suppress the entire response. In this work, we show that LasR is dispensable in a phosphate-limited environment in the PAO1 type strain, which has been used to define the quorum-sensing response hierarchy, and that under this condition RhlR is at the top of the regulation hierarchy. These results are highly significant, since phosphate limitation represents a similar environment to the one that P. aeruginosa faces when establishing infections.
POTENCIAL FUNCIONAL E TECNOLOGIA DE PROCESSAMENTO DO SORGO [Sorghum bicolor (L.) MOENCH], PARA ALIMENTAÇÃO HUMANA

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de demonstrar o potencial funcional do sorgo para a alimentacao humana e revisar os efeitos dos metodos de processamento sobre o teor de compostos fenolicos e a qualidade proteica do cereal. O sorgo destaca-se como o quinto cereal de maior producao no mundo e o conteudo de fitoquimicos em seus graos tem despertado interesse na area da saude, por exercerem atividade antioxidante no organismo, contribuindo, assim, para a reducao dos riscos de doencas cronicas nao transmissiveis. O processamento dos graos viabiliza o consumo de cereais pelos humanos. Entretanto, a aplicacao de tratamento termico umido ou seco, a decorticacao e a elaboracao de produtos de panificacao reduzem a concentracao de fenolicos totais e a atividade antioxidante do sorgo. A qualidade proteica do sorgo e largamente prejudicada pela coccao umida, devido a formacao de pontes de dissulfeto em suas proteinas de reserva. No entanto, a digestibilidade nao foi alterada significativamente com o calor seco e aumentou com a germinacao e a fermentacao dos graos. Estudos que avaliem e desenvolvam processamentos capazes de manter as caracteristicas nutricionais sao imprescindiveis para o incentivo da insercao do sorgo na alimentacao humana.
Evaluation of transmitted glow point at a priori chosen depth (1 cm below vocal cords) for lightwand intubation: a prospective observational study

Objective When performing lightwand intubation, an improper transmitted glow position before tube advancement can cause intubation failure or laryngeal injury. This study was performed to explore the transmitted glow point corresponding to a priori chosen depth for lightwand intubation. Methods Before lightwand intubation, we marked the transmitted glow point from a bronchoscope on the neck when it reached 1 cm below the vocal cords. Lightwand intubation was then performed using this marking point. The distances from the mark to the upper border of the thyroid cartilage, upper border of the cricoid cartilage, and suprasternal notch were measured. Results In total, 107 patients were enrolled. The success rate of lightwand intubation using the mark was 93.5% (95% confidence interval, 88.7%–99.2%) at the first attempt. The marking point was placed 12.0 mm (95% confidence interval, 10.6–13.4 mm) below the upper border of the cricoid cartilage. Conclusion Anaesthesiologists should be aware of the appropriate point of the transmitted glow on the patient’s neck when performing lightwand intubation. We suggest that this point is approximately 1 cm below the upper border of the cricoid cartilage. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03480035
Electrical transport properties of Ni 95 Ti 5 catalyzed multi wall carbon nanotubes film

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be understood as one or more graphite sheets rolled up into a seamless cylinder. CNTs have gained much attention and scientific interest due to their unique properties and potential applications since their discovery in 1991. In the present work, we have deposited Ni95Ti5 film using thermal deposition method. Finally, the Ni95Ti5 catalyzed multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) are grown on silicon substrate using low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) method and the electrical transport properties of this MWNTs film are studied over a temperature range (284-4K) to explain the conduction mechanism. We have suggested two types of conduction mechanism for the entire temperature range. For the temperature region (284-220K), the conduction is due to thermally activated process, whereas the conduction takes place via variable range hopping (VRH) for the temperature range of (220-4K). The VRH mechanism changes from three dimensions to two dimensions as we move down to the temperature below 50K. Therefore, the data for the temperature region (220-50K) is plotted for three dimensional variable range hopping (3D VRH) model and the two dimensional variable range hopping (2D VRH) for lower temperature range of (50-4K). These VRH models give a good fit to the experimental data. Using these models, we have calculated various interesting electrical parameters such as activation energy, density of states, hopping distance and hopping energy.
SOIL CREEP AS A RATE PROCESS

The fundamental equation of the theory of absolute reaction rates has been adapted for use in the study of time-dependent soil deformations. Results of constant stress creep tests have established that the basic form of this equation supports the assumption of a thermally activated creep process, the predicted relationship between experimental activation energy and creep stress, and the predicted stress dependence of creep rate. Some modification of the equation is needed, however, to account for the variation of creep rate with time. Techniques are described for study of deformation mechanisms in soils and test results suggest that interparticle bonding is probably of the primary valence type. Resistance to shear stresses cannot be accounted for in terms of viscous water films, and interparticle contacts must be effectively solid to solid.
Interactions of allophane with humic acid and cations

Allophanic soils are known to accumulate organic matter, but the underlying mechanism is not well understood. Here we have investigated the sorption of humic acid (HA) by an allophanic clay in the presence of varied concentrations of either CaCl2 or NaCl as background electrolytes. Both the HA and the clay were separated from New Zealand soils. Much more HA was sorbed in CaCl2 than in NaCl of the same ionic strength. Apparently Ca2+ ions were more effective than Na+ ions in screening the negative charge on HA. In CaCl2 the HA molecule might also assume a more compact configuration than in NaCl. In the presence of CaCl2 sorption increased, reached a maximum, and then declined as the concentration of HA in solution was increased. This behaviour was not observed in NaCl where sorption showed a gradual and steady increase with HA concentration. We propose that ligand exchange occurs between the surface hydroxyl groups of allophane and the carboxylate groups of HA. As a result, the allophane–HA complex acquires negative charges, requiring the co‐sorption of extraneous cations (Ca2+ or Na+) for charge balance. The Ca2+ co‐sorbed can attract more HA to the complex possibly by a cation‐bridging mechanism, giving rise to a maximum in sorption. The decline in sorption beyond the maximum may be ascribed to a decrease in the concentration of free Ca2+ ions through binding to HA molecules in solution. The increase in supernatant pH may be attributed to a ligand exchange reaction between the surface hydroxyls of allophane and the carboxylate groups of HA, and proton binding to the allophane–HA complex.
Reducing suicide contagion effect by detecting sentences from media reports with explicit methods of suicide

Research has shown that suicide rate can increase by 13% when suicide is not reported responsibly. For example, irresponsible reporting includes spe-ciﬁc details that depict suicide methods. To promote more responsible journalism to save lives, we propose a novel problem called “suicide method detection”, which determines if a sentence in a news article contains a description of a suicide method. Our results show two promising approaches: a rule-based approach using category pattern matching and a BERT model with data augmentation, both of which reach over 0.9 in F-measure.
AtNSF regulates leaf serration by modulating intracellular trafficking of PIN1 in Arabidopsis thaliana

Abstract In eukaryotes, N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive factor (NSF) is a conserved AAA+ATPase and a key component of the membrane trafficking machinery that promotes the fusion of secretory vesicles with target membranes. Here, we demonstrate that the Arabidopsis thaliana genome contains a single copy of NSF, AtNSF, which plays an essential role in the regulation of leaf serration. The AtNSF knock‐down mutant, atnsf‐1, exhibited more serrations in the leaf margin. Moreover, polar localization of the PIN‐FORMED1 (PIN1) auxin efflux transporter was diffuse around the margins of atnsf‐1 leaves and root growth was inhibited in the atnsf‐1 mutant. More PIN1‐GFP accumulated in the intracellular compartments of atnsf‐1 plants, suggesting that AtNSF is required for intracellular trafficking of PIN between the endosome and plasma membrane. Furthermore, the serration phenotype was suppressed in the atnsf‐1 pin1‐8 double mutant, suggesting that AtNSF is required for PIN1‐mediated polar auxin transport to regulate leaf serration. The CUP‐SHAPED COTYLEDON2 (CUC2) transcription factor gene is up‐regulated in atnsf‐1 plants and the cuc2‐3 single mutant exhibits smooth leaf margins, demonstrating that AtNSF also functions in the CUC2 pathway. Our results reveal that AtNSF regulates the PIN1‐generated auxin maxima with a CUC2‐mediated feedback loop to control leaf serration.
Fusarium Cyclodepsipeptide Mycotoxins: Chemistry, Biosynthesis, and Occurrence

Most of the fungi from the Fusarium genus are pathogenic to cereals, vegetables, and fruits and the products of their secondary metabolism mycotoxins may accumulate in foods and feeds. Non-ribosomal cyclodepsipeptides are one of the main mycotoxin groups and include beauvericins (BEAs), enniatins (ENNs), and beauvenniatins (BEAEs). When ingested, even small amounts of these metabolites significantly affect human and animal health. On the other hand, in view of their antimicrobial activities and cytotoxicity, they may be used as components in drug discovery and processing and are considered as suitable candidates for anti-cancer drugs. Therefore, it is crucial to expand the existing knowledge about cyclodepsipeptides and to search for new analogues of these compounds. The present manuscript aimed to highlight the extensive variability of cyclodepsipeptides by describing chemistry, biosynthesis, and occurrence of BEAs, ENNs, and BEAEs in foods and feeds. Moreover, the co-occurrence of Fusarium species was compared to the amounts of toxins in crops, vegetables, and fruits from different regions of the world.
Development of Genotype-Specific Anti-Bovine Rotavirus A Immunoglobulin Yolk Based on a Current Molecular Epidemiological Analysis of Bovine Rotaviruses A Collected in Japan during 2017–2020

Bovine rotavirus A (RVA), a major causative pathogen of diarrhea in dairy and Japanese beef calves, has led to severe economic losses in numerous countries. A dual genotyping system based on genomic segments encoding VP7 (G genotype) and VP4 (P genotype), comprising the outer layer of the virion, has been used to understand the epidemiological dynamics of RVAs at the national and global levels. This study aimed to investigate occurrence frequency of G and P genotypes for multiple bovine RVAs from calf diarrheic samples collected in Japan from 2017 to 2020. After we produced anti-bovine RVA immunoglobulin yolks (IgYs) from hens immunized with the two RVAs with different genotypes (G6P[5] and G10P[11]) selected on the basis of the current epidemiological survey, we investigated cross-reactivity against bovine RVAs with different G and P combinations owing to establish a useful strategy to protect calves from RVA infections using the two IgYs. Consequently, the two produced anti-bovine IgYs showed strong cross-reactivity against bovine RVAs with the same G and/or P genotypes in neutralization assay, respectively. Therefore, our data suggest the possibility of a passive immunization to protect calves from a bovine RVA infections epidemic in Japan via oral administration of the two IgYs into calves. The findings presented herein will provide important information that IgY is one of the effective tools to prevent infections of various pathogens.