Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
highlighted topics Physiological and Genomic Consequences of Intermittent Hypoxia Selected Contribution: Osteocytes upregulate HIF-1 a in response to acute disuse and oxygen deprivation

Selected Contribution: Osteocytes upregulate HIF-1 a in response to acute disuse and oxygen deprivation. J Appl Physiol 90: 2514–2519, 2001. —Loss of mechanical loading, or disuse, rapidly precip-itates locally mediated bone resorption. However, the pathway by which this process is initiated and mediated is poorly understood. In this study, we used a complementary in vivo and in vitro approach to determine whether disuse-induced osteocyte hypoxia resulted in upregulation of the hypoxia-dependent transcription factor HIF-1 a . We found that acute disuse (1–5 days) resulted in a signiﬁcant increase in the percentage of osteocytes staining positive for HIF-1 a vs. normal bone (30.9 6 6.1 vs. 14.1 6 3.8%) and that this response was uniform around the cortex. In addition, we found that acute oxygen deprivation (4–12 h of 2% O 2 ) resulted in a 2.1- to 3.7-fold upregulation of HIF-1 a protein expression in MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cells compared with cells cultured in parallel under normal oxygen conditions. Given known HIF-1 a targets genes, we suggest that osteocyte hypoxia and subsequent upregulation of hypoxia-depen-dent pathways may serve to initiate and mediate disuse-induced bone resorption. (45 onto a 7–12% gradient SDS-polyacrylamide gel, electrophoresed, transferred to nitrocellulose, and immunoblotted with anti-HIF-1 a monoclonal antibody (Biomol, clone H1 a 67). Antibody was detected using a commercial chemiluminescence enhancement kit, following manufacturer’s instructions (Su-per Signal West Pico, Pierce Chemical). As a positive control, MLO-Y4 cells were incubated in the presence of N -CBZ-Leu-Leu-norvalinal, a proteosome inhibitor that blocks the nor- mal ubiquitin-mediated pathway of HIF-1 a degradation (35). The experiment was repeated four times with independent extracts. Mean increases in elevation of HIF-1 a band density under hypoxic conditions were quantiﬁed from scanned au- toradiograms using National Institutes of Health Image soft-ware.
Activating the local food system in emergency food response

Resilient local food systems are a necessary component to keep our communities healthy, especially during times of emergency. With a history of supporting local farmers and food access in less-resourced communities, Fresh Approach was in a prime position at the time of shelter-in-place orders to pivot our efforts to emergency food relief in this time of uncertainty. By collaborating and mobilizing resources, Fresh Approach was able to strengthen existing connections with small farmers, build new relationships with other food access nonprofits, and support families in need by providing them with farm-fresh, local, and healthy produce. We outline how these partnerships and collective efforts have fortified a resilient and transformative food system in our area.
Ultrasonic Delignification and Microstructural Characterization of Switchgrass

This present study was undertaken to investigate the ultrasonic delignification of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and the effects of ultrasonic irradiation on the molecular and microstructure of switchgrass. We investigated this question using response surface methodology (RSM) featuring a four-factor, three-level Box–Behnken experimental design with acoustic power (120, 180, and 240 W), solid–solvent ratio (1/25, 1/20, and 1/15 g/mL), hammer mill screen size (1.6, 3.2, and 6.4 mm), and sonication time (10, 30, and 50 min) as factors, while delignification (%) was the response variable. The native and treated switchgrass samples were further characterized through crystallinity measurements and electron microscopy. The results of lignin analysis show that the percent delignification ranged between 1.86% and 20.11%. The multivariate quadratic regression model developed was statistically significant at p < 0.05. SEM and TEM micrographs of the treated switchgrass grinds resulted in cell wall disruption at the micro- and nano-scales. XRD analysis revealed a reduction in the mean crystallite size and crystallinity index from 15.39 to 13.13 Å and 48.86% to 47.49%, respectively, while no significant change occurred in the d-spacings. The results of this investigation show that ultrasonic irradiation induces chemical and structural changes in switchgrass, which could enhance its use for biofuel and bioproducts applications.
Effect of vernalisation on the diurnal changes in fatty acid profile and nutrient composition of chicory in response to defoliation frequency

ABSTRACT The effect of defoliation frequency and severity on FA and nutrient composition of forage chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) before and after vernalisation were compared. Before vernalisation, the FA and nutrient components exhibited little variation with defoliation frequency and severity irrespective of the time of day. After vernalisation, total FA more than halved compared with pre vernalisation levels (52.2 versus 19.2 mg/g DM). Concentrations of total FA and polyunsaturated FA: linoleic and linolenic declined by 63%, 50%, and 74%, respectively. Furthermore, extending the defoliation frequency from 300 to 600 growing degree-days after vernalisation caused a decline of 28% of linoleic, 40% of linolenic and 33% of total FA concentrations. Diurnal fluctuations were detected for linoleic and oleic acids after vernalisation (P < 0.01). In terms of nutrient composition, vernalisation decreased CP, digestibility and ME, while fibre contents increased. Between morning and afternoon, there were general declines in CP and fibre contents as well as increases in soluble sugars the herbage regardless of vernalisation. Overall, the feeding value and the concentration of FA were greater on chicory herbage managed under shorter regrowth intervals than that under longer regrowth intervals, which is likely to favour animal production and the concentration of the desirable FA in ruminant products.
Geochemical Modeling of Water-Rock Interaction Processes in the Pollino National Park

This work is aimed at reconstructing the water-rock interaction processes controlling the geochemical characteristics of the shallow or relatively shallow groundwaters of the Pollino National Park, based on the data acquired for 105 water samples from local springs. Reaction path modeling of rock dissolution was carried out in a purely stoichiometric mode for the main lithotypes cropping out in the study area, that is, limestone, Mg-limestone, dolomite, serpentinite, Al-silicate fraction of calcschist, and carbonate fraction of calcschist. Reaction path modeling was carried out in a purely stoichiometric mode, considering the rocks of interest as materials of known stoichiometry and unknown thermodynamic properties. Calculations were carried out assuming a closed system for secondary solid phases whereas an open system was assumed for gases, O2(g) and CO2(g). Comparison of the results of geochemical modeling and the analytical data acquired for the groundwaters of the Pollino National Park shows that concentrations of major solutes, SiO2, Li, Al, and Fe of the different chemical types of waters, are explained by the dissolution of pertinent lithotypes. Moreover, the detected concentrations of Al, Cl, F, NO3, and SO4 are within the threshold values recommended by WHO.
Innovation, Practice, and Adaptation to Climate in the Aquaculture Sector

Abstract The importance of innovation for effective responses to climate change is widely asserted, but exactly how and whom innovation helps adapt has received little systematic attention. In this synthetic review, a practice-oriented framework is used to show that innovations which contribute to adaptation in the aquaculture sector include changes to the material, procedural and informational dimensions of practice. The material dimension is dominated by concerns with cost and competitiveness, whereas for the procedural dimension issues of skills and compliance arise, and for the informational dimension, key issues are trust, reliability and persuasiveness. A secondary classification into ten types of practices identified additional associations with adaptation mechanisms, for instance, technical practices are followed and adjusted to reduce and manage risks, while many infrastructural and technological practices aim to control rearing environments. Innovation has been driven more by concerns with increasing productivity, disease control, and food safety than extreme weather events and climate change. Nevertheless, many new practices have significant implications for adaptation. This study also shows that innovation and adaptation are timebound and face social limits, and these are better understood when different dimensions and types of practice, sources of innovation, and mechanisms of adaptation are distinguished.
Ferroelectric properties and microwave sintering of BaTiO3 synthesized by using the alkoxide-hydroxide sol-gel process

BaTiO3 nanopowder was synthesized at low temperature by using an alkoxide-hydroxide sol-gel method and were sintered by microwave processing. Microwave sintering of BaTiO3 was carried out at different temperatures for 20 min to get dense ceramics. The phases, morphologies, crystal structures and weight losses of the synthesized and sintered materials were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), Raman spectroscopy and Thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA). The materials could only be sintered densely at lower temperatures (1050–1150 °C). Enhancements of the dielectric constant (ɛr ∼ 3500 at 100 kHz) and the remnant polarization (Pr ∼ 6.90 μc/cm2) were found for BaTiO3 microwave-sintered at 1150 °C, which values were higher than those obtained by the conventional sintering. P-E loops confirmed the better ferroelectric nature of the microwave-sintered BaTiO3.
Reconceptualising climate-induced displacement in the context of terminological uncertainty

ABSTRACT The relationship between climate change and human mobility is generating increased public, academic and policy recognition. This linkage has captured the collective imagination, with forced mobility representing one of the most perceptible societal impacts of climate change and environmental hazards. Through in-depth interviews with subject-matter experts related to the Asia Pacific region, this paper explores the terminological uncertainty evident when conceptualising and addressing the issues associated with human mobility, climate change and the associated increased risk of environmental hazards. Shaped through the complexity of socio-ecological systems and often-intertwined causal drivers of migration, this uncertainty reveals a major policy gap in the nexus between human mobility and climate change on multiple scales. The findings from this study explore the ways in which these terms act to conceal global accountabilities and draw boundaries around ‘acceptable’ forms of mobility. By evoking value-based framings with particular emphasis on equality, justice and responsibility – this paper forwards alternative ideas and subjugated narratives to position how such values are posed as subjects of political and moral weight.
A novel 3D laser scanning defect detection and measurement approach for automated fibre placement

Automated fibre placement (AFP) machine in-process layup inspection is essential for composite structure fabrication efficiency and quantity improvement. The laser profilometer scanning technique is one of the automated in-process inspection techniques. Laser profilometers can capture a large number of intensive high-resolution point clouds during the layup. To date, few studies have been published about processing point clouds at high speed for in-process layup defect detection and layup feature measurement. In this study, an algorithm called the cross-sectional line-processing algorithm was proposed, and a testbed was constructed to validate the algorithm. The algorithm processes each laser line captured by the laser profilometer and clusters the processed results together. Finally, the defect features and layup features can be segmented and recognized from the collected point cloud. Layup defect types can be recognized, and the dimensions of the layup features can be measured. The experimental results show that this approach can process at most 200 laser lines (about 160 000 points) per second, and the overall defect type recognition accuracy rate reaches about 78%, which meets basic AFP in-process inspection requirements.
Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Disperse Blue 1

The anthraquinone color Disperse Blue 1 is used in many nonoxidative hair dyes, colors and rinses. In vitro dermal penetration studies using skin from miniature pigs indicate this ingredient is poorly absorbed. All rats given Disperse Blue 1 orally at concentrations up to 3 g/kg survived. Reduced body weights and blue tissue samples were observed in short-term, subchronic, and chronic animal studies. No skin irritation was observed with concentrations up to 10%, but Disperse Blue 1 was a moderate sensitizer in guinea pigs. Disperse Blue 1 was mutagenic in several test systems. In feeding studies, the ingredient produced a significant increase in urinary bladder neoplasms in male and female rats. Equivocal results were reported in studies with male mice and negative results were reported for female mice. A dermal carcinogenesis study in mice was negative. Further evaluation of the carcinogenesis data suggests that the urinary bladder neoplasms appear to be associated with bladder calculi rather than arising from a genotoxic mechanism. Such bladder calculi do not appear to form in humans. Based upon these data and the facts that dermal exposure produced no evidence of carcinogenesis, that the ingredient is poorly absorbed, and that exposure to hair dyes is brief, it was concluded that Disperse Blue 1 is safe for use in hair dyes at concentrations up to 1%.
Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Management of Pancreatic Cancer in 4 Hospitals in Yaoundé And Douala (Cameroon)

Introduction: Pancreatic cancer is a public health problem because of its poor prognosis. Most of the factors related to the prognosis of this cancer are negative and pessimistic. Therefore, our work is to estimate the overall survival of our patients and to establish the prognostic factors associated to survival. Materials and Methods: This was a cohort study with retrospective data collection method, carried out from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019 i.e. a period of 10 years. The research took place in General hospitals of Yaounde and Douala; at Yaounde University Teaching Hospital and at Laquintinie. We obtained ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Board of the University of Douala. We included records of patients with pancreatic cancer of at least 12 months follow-up after diagnosis. Results: We had a total of 94 cases of pancreatic cancer during our study. Mean age at diagnosis was 56.5 ±12.3 years, the most represented age group was 50-59 years (48.9%), with sex ratio of 1.6 in favor of men. Median consultation time was 6 months. The most common stage of diagnosis was stage IV of the TNM classification. Conclusion: At the end of our study, it appeared that survival associated to pancreatic cancer remains low, in fact the median overall survival was 25 months. All prognostic factors found in our study were factors of poor prognosis which were: consultation time >3 months; high serum creatinine level and the occurrence of metastases.
Extremal absorbing sets in low-density parity-check codes

Absorbing sets are combinatorial structures in the Tanner graphs of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes that have been shown to inhibit the high signal-to-noise ratio performance of iterative decoders over many communication channels. Absorbing sets of minimum size are the most likely to cause errors, and thus have been the focus of much research. In this paper, we determine the sizes of absorbing sets that can occur in general and left-regular LDPC code graphs, with emphasis on the range of \begin{document}$ b $\end{document} for a given \begin{document}$ a $\end{document} for which an \begin{document}$ (a,b) $\end{document} -absorbing set may exist. We identify certain cases of extremal absorbing sets that are elementary, a particularly harmful class of absorbing sets, and also introduce the notion of minimal absorbing sets which will help in designing absorbing set removal algorithms.
Challenges of Phage Therapy as a Strategic Tool for the Control of Salmonella Kentucky and Repertoire of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Africa

Salmonella Kentucky ST198 (S. Kentucky ST198) is the most ubiquitous multidrug resistant (MDR) strain posing the greatest threat to public health, livestock and food industry in Africa. The reinvention of bacteriophage (Phage) as a non-antibiotic alternative only gives a glimmer of hope in the control of MDR strains of Salmonellae. S. Kentucky ST198 posses’ chromosomal and plasmid factors capable of been co-opted into phage mediated transduction and co-transduction of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) as well as cross-serovar transduction of ARGs. Phage DT104, DT120 and P-22 like prophages like PDT17 and ES18 together have been shown to be capable of transducing and co-transducing the classical ACSSuT resistance phenotype identified in most S. Kentucky ST198 strain on the continent. Also, the institution of fluoroquinolones and third generation cephalosporin for salmonellosis treatment in animals or human infected by S. Kentucky ST198 strain resistant to these drugs can induce Salmonella phage transduction of kanamycin between different Salmonella serovars if present. This review highlights possible risk associated with the use of known Salmonella phages in the control of S. Kentucky ST198 and the need for chromosomal and plasmid tracking of genes prior to the institution of phage therapy on the continent.
Superação de dormência em sementes da Cassia grandis L. f. (Fabaceae)

1Mestre em Ciências Naturais pela Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará. ednaldo.vieira@aluno.uece.br. 2 Pós-Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola pela Universidade Federal do Ceará. Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará. oriel.herrera@uece.br. 3Pós-Doutor em Botânica Aplicada pela Texas A&M University. Universidade Estadual do Ceará. eliseu.lucena@uece.br. 4 Graduando do Curso de Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas pela Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará. sandro.ferreira@aluno.uece.br, ivina.menezes@aluno.uece.br. 5 Graduanda em Química pela Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará. leticiaholanda7@gmail.com.
Tackle injury epidemiology and performance in rugby league – narrative synthesis

Background In rugby league (RL), the ability to repeatedly engage in the tackle, whether as a ball carrier or tackler, is essential for team success and player performance. It is also the leading cause of injury, with over 90% of total injuries occurring during the tackle in professional and amateur cohorts. To effectively reduce the risk of injury and optimise performance, establishing the extent of the ‘problem’, through injury surveillance or descriptive performance studies is required. Objective The purpose of this narrative synthesis was to systematically search and synthesise tackle injury epidemiology and tackle performance frequency in RL. To achieve this objective, a systematic review was conducted. Methods The search was limited to English-only articles published between January 1995 and October 2018. Based on the search criteria, a total of 53 studies were found: 32 focused on tackle injury epidemiology (nine cases studies) and 21 focused on tackle frequency. Results In general, over 600 tackles may occur during an RL match. Tackle injury frequencies (both overall and time-loss injuries) ranged between 47%–94% at the professional level, and between 38%–96% for the lower levels of play. A greater proportion of injuries occurring in professional RL are severe time-loss injuries when compared to lower levels of play. Most time-loss and overall injuries occur to players who are tackled, i.e., ball carriers, across all levels of play. Conclusion This narrative synthesis will facilitate tackle injury prevention and performance research in RL, and act as a reference document for coaches and practitioners.
A Fault-Handling Method for the Hamiltonian Cycle in the Hypercube Topology

: Many routing protocols, such as distance vector and link-state protocols are used for finding the best paths in a network. To find the path between the source and destination nodes where every node is visited once with no repeats, Hamiltonian and Hypercube routing protocols are often used. Nonetheless, these algorithms are not designed to solve the problem of a node failure, where one or more nodes become faulty. This paper proposes an efficient modified Fault-free Hamiltonian Cycle based on the Hypercube Topology (FHCHT) to perform a connection between nodes when one or more nodes become faulty. FHCHT can be applied in a different environment to transmit data with a high-reliability connection by finding an alternative path between the source and destination nodes when some nodes fail. Moreover, a proposed Hamiltonian Near Cycle (HNC) scheme has been developed and implemented. HNC implementation results indicated that FHCHT produces alternative cycles relatively similar to a Hamiltonian Cycle for the Hypercube, complete, and random graphs. The implementation of the proposed algorithm in a Hypercube achieved a 31% and 76% reduction in cost compared to the complete and random graphs, respectively.
Tax Avoidance: Good Corporate Governance

Tax is an important element for the government but it becomes a burden for companies, so companies do tax evasion legally or illegally to reduce the tax burden. The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of good corporate governance (Institutional Ownership, Independent Commissioners, Audit Committee and Audit Quality) on Tax Avoidance. Independent variables in this study are Institutional Ownership, Independent Commissioners, Audit Committee and Audit Quality, while dependent variables are tax avoidance. This research was taken from mining companies listed on the IDX in 2015-2018. The population in the corporate sector is 47 companies. The samples were studied by 10 companies selected using purposive sampling techniques so that the total samples used for 4 years became 40 samples. The analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS 22 tool. Partial test results showed that the independent board of commissioners had a significant negative effect on tax avoidance, institutional ownership had a significant positive effect on tax avoidance, while the audit committee and the quality of audits had no effect on tax avoidance on mining companies. The results of this study can be concluded that to suppress tax avoidance, the function of independent commissioners must be strengthened.