Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Monoclonal antibodies to antigens in the peribacteroid membrane from Rhizobium‐induced root nodules of pea cross‐react with plasma membranes and Golgi bodies

Three rat hybridoma lines that produced monoclonal antibodies reacting with the peribacteroid membrane from Pisum sativum were isolated, and these all appeared to recognise the same antigenic structure. Using one of these monoclonal antibodies, AFRC MAC 64, electron microscopy of immunogold‐stained thin sections of nodule tissue revealed that the antigen, present in the peribacteroid membrane, was also found in the plant plasma membranes and in the Golgi bodies, but not in the endoplasmic reticulum. When peribacteroid membrane proteins were separated by SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to nitrocellulose by electro‐blotting, it was found that MAC 64 bound to a series of protease‐sensitive bands that migrated in the mol. wt. range 50‐85 K. The epitope was sensitive to periodate oxidation and its structure may therefore involve the carbohydrate component of a membrane glycoprotein. We suggest that this structure originates in the Golgi apparatus and is subsequently transferred to the peribacteriod membranes and plasma membranes. The monoclonal antibody also reacted with peribacteroid membranes from nodules of Vicia and lupin, and with plasma membranes and Golgi membranes from uninfected plant cells, including root tip cells from onion (Allium cepa), indicating that the antigen is highly conserved in the plasma membranes of plant cells.
Podocyte biology in human disease

SUMMARY: The podocyte is a highly specialized cell that plays a key role in regulating the glomerular filtration barrier. A number of advances have been made in recent years, linked to the discovery of single‐gene defects in hereditary glomerular disease, which highlight the role of this cell in preventing proteinuria. This article reviews the molecular biology of the podocyte, focusing on known genetic abnormalities.
Promoting Physical Activity among Sedentary Women Using Pedometers

Abstract Sedentary women (n = 92) classified as low (L), medium (M), and high (H) in baseline step counts and assigned to 10,000-step goal (TSG) and personal step goal (PSG) groups (within levels) were compared on goal attainment and step counts. A significant interaction for goal attainment, F(2, 86) = 4.51, p = . 014, indicated that the L group was significantly less likely to meet the TSG than the M and H groups. Step counts increased after goal assignment, but not more for one group than the other. Results of this research support the previous finding that women with low baseline step counts are unlikely to meet a TSG, but a TSG does not result in lower step counts than a PSG.
Expression analysis of TALE family transcription factors during avian development

The TALE family of homeodomain containing transcription factors consists of the Meis, Prep and Tgif, and the Pbx subfamily of proteins. Several TALE orthologues have been identified in amniotes, but no comprehensive analysis of their expression pattern during embryogenesis has been performed. Here, we report on TALE gene expression in the avian embryo. During embryonic development, Pbx genes are predominantly expressed in the neural ectoderm and paraxial mesoderm, although Pbx3 is restricted to the intermediate and lateral mesoderm, and anterior central nervous system. Members of the Meis, Prep, and Tgif subfamilies are expressed at high levels in the paraxial mesoderm, and display differential expression along the anterior–posterior and dorsoventral axes of the developing neural tube. Overall the expression patterns reported in this study are consistent with the known function of the TALE gene family in controlling early patterning of limb, neural tube and paraxial mesoderm tissues during embryogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 239:1234–1245, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electron Channeling: A Problem for X-Ray Microanalysis in Materials Science

Abstract Electron channeling effects can create measurable signal intensity variations in all product signals that result from the scattering of the electron beam within a crystalline specimen. Of particular interest to the X-ray microanalyst are any variations that occur within the characteristic X-ray signal that are not directly related to a specimen composition variation. Many studies have documented the effect of crystallographic orientation on the local X-ray yield; however, the vast majority of these studies were carried out on thin foil specimens examined in transmission. Only a few studies have addressed these effects in bulk specimen materials, and these analyses were generally carried out at common scanning electron microscope microanalysis overvoltages (>1.5). At these overvoltage levels, the anomalous transmission effect is weak. As a result, the effect of electron channeling on the characteristic X-ray signal intensity has traditionally been overlooked in the field of quantitative electron probe microanalysis. The present work will demonstrate that electron channeling can produce X-ray variations of up to 26%, between intensity maxima and minima, in low overvoltage X-ray microanalyses of bulk specimens. Intensity variations of this magnitude will significantly impact the accuracy of qualitative and quantitative X-ray microanalyses at low overvoltage on engineering structural materials.
Postradiation osteogenic sarcoma of bone and soft tissues. A clinicopathologic study of 66 patients

Sixty‐six patients with well‐documented osteogenic sarcomas arising in bones and soft tissues after exposure to x‐rays, which represent approximately 5.5 percent of all osteogenic sarcomas registered since 1921 at this institution, were studied. These secondary sarcomas occurred in equal proportion in both sexes, with the sixth decade of life being the most common age. In 42 patients, the bone had been normal at the time of irradiation, whereas in 24, the radiation was directed against an osseous tumor or tumor‐like lesion. The median latent period was 10.5 years in both groups, ranging from 3.5 to 33 years. The radiation varied from diagnostic quality to 1 MeV x‐rays. The dose was variable, but none was less than 2000 rads. Postradiation osteogenic sarcomas most commonly arose in the bones of the pelvic and shoulder regions. Histologically, the sarcomas were mostly of the fibrous type (46%) and radiographically showed a destructive bone lesion with or without signs of radiation osteitis. The cumulative disease‐free survival rate at 5 years was 17%, with a median survival estimate of 1 year. Cancer 55:1244‐1255, 1985.
The layer-wise method and the backpropagation hybrid approach to learning a feedforward neural network

Feedforward neural networks (FNN's) have been proposed to solve complex problems in pattern recognition and classification and function approximation. Despite the general success of learning methods for FNN's, such as the backpropagation (BP) algorithm, second-order optimization algorithms and layer-wise learning algorithms, several drawbacks remain to be overcome. In particular, two major drawbacks are convergence to a local minima and long learning time. In this paper we propose an efficient learning method for a FNN that combines the BP strategy and optimization layer by layer. More precisely, we construct the layer-wise optimization method using the Taylor series expansion of nonlinear operators describing a FNN and propose to update weights of each layer by the BP-based Kaczmarz iterative procedure. The experimental results show that the new learning algorithm is stable, it reduces the learning time and demonstrates improvement of generalization results in comparison with other well-known methods.
A Teacher Survey on Educational Data Management Practices: Tracking and Storage of Activity Traces

When students participate in computer-mediated learning, their activities are often recorded for learning analytics and educational data mining purposes. While handling student data has associated privacy concerns and is often subject to legal regulations, there is a limited understanding of how educational data is currently managed in practice. To clarify this question, we conducted a survey of over 100 teachers, examining their experience with storing and analyzing student data. The survey identified the wide variety of platforms used to track and store student activity traces, highlighting the necessity to develop common data exchange standards and enforce data management policies that are consistent across platforms. In addition, the responses also revealed a mismatch between platform affordances regarding data tracking and storage, and teacher awareness of such affordances. This disconnect could be mitigated by reinforcing the transparency policies and usability of educational platforms, as well as by improving teacher data management literacy.
A ray tracing based stochastic human blockage model for the IEEE 802.11ad 60 GHz channel model

This paper presents the human blockage model based on the authors' work in the framework of the IEEE 802.11ad 60 GHz channel model development. The human blockage model combines ray tracing simulations, an electromagnetic diffraction model and a random walk model for human movement. In addition to the stochastic model the impact of human blockage on wireless communications is analyzed.
The influence of tube voltage and phantom size in computed tomography on the dose–response relationship of dicentrics in human blood samples

The aim of this study was to investigate the dose response relationship of dicentrics in human lymphocytes after CT scans at tube voltages of 80 and 140 kV. Blood samples from a healthy donor placed in tissue equivalent abdomen phantoms of standard, pediatric and adipose sizes were exposed at dose levels up to 0.1 Gy using a 64-slice CT scanner. It was found that both the tube voltage and the phantom size significantly influenced the CT scan-induced linear dose–response relationship of dicentrics in human lymphocytes. Using the same phantom (standard abdomen), 80 kV CT x-rays were biologically more effective than 140 kV CT x-rays. However, it could also be determined that the applied phantom size had much more influence on the biological effectiveness. Obviously, the increasing slopes of the CT scan-induced dose response relationships of dicentrics in human lymphocytes obtained in a pediatric, a standard and an adipose abdomen have been induced by scattering effects of photons, which strongly increase with increasing phantom size.
Procedure to select test organisms for environmental risk assessment of genetically modified crops in aquatic systems

For a long time, the environmental risk assessment (ERA) of genetically modified (GM) crops focused mainly on terrestrial ecosystems. This changed when it was scientifically established that aquatic ecosystems are exposed to GM crop residues that may negatively affect aquatic species. To assist the risk assessment process, we present a tool to identify ecologically relevant species usable in tiered testing prior to authorization or for biological monitoring in the field. The tool is derived from a selection procedure for terrestrial ecosystems with substantial but necessary changes to adequately consider the differences in the type of ecosystems. By using available information from the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC), the procedure can draw upon existing biological data on aquatic systems. The proposed procedure for aquatic ecosystems was tested for the first time during an expert workshop in 2013, using the cultivation of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) maize as the GM crop and 1 stream type as the receiving environment in the model system. During this workshop, species executing important ecological functions in aquatic environments were identified in a stepwise procedure according to predefined ecological criteria. By doing so, we demonstrated that the procedure is practicable with regard to its goal: From the initial long list of 141 potentially exposed aquatic species, 7 species and 1 genus were identified as the most suitable candidates for nontarget testing programs. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:974–979. © 2017 SETAC
Zero-Knowledge Proof and Authentication Protocols

Zero-knowledge proofs are a cryptographic technique that allows one entity, the prover, to convince another, the verifier, of the truth of a statement without revealing any information other than that the statement is true. Neither the verifier nor any observer of the interaction between the two parties will have any information they did not have before. The zero-knowledge property provides some desirable characteristics for an authentication protocol. Since a zero-knowledge authentication process provides no new information to an eavesdropper, the protocol is immune to replay attacks. Further, since the verifier never learns anything about the user’s credentials, even an attacker that completely compromises the server still can’t get information that would allow them to impersonate a user.
Pulsatile infusion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone initiates luteal activity in nutritionally anestrous beef cows.

Thirty-five nonlactating Hereford and Hereford x Angus cows weighing 469 +/- 8 kg, with a body condition score (BCS) of 5.5 +/- . 6 and exhibiting normal estrous cycles, were fed to lose 1% of BW per week (n = 27) or to maintain BW (n = 8). Blood samples were collected every 7 d to monitor luteal activity and BW and BCS were recorded every 2 wk. When concentrations of progesterone in plasma were < 1 ng/mL for three consecutive weeks, anestrous cows (BCS, 3.1 +/- .7; BW loss, 24 +/- 5%) were assigned to pulses (i.v.) of saline (2 mL every hour), GnRH-4 (2 micrograms of GnRH every 4 h), or GnRH-1 (2 micrograms of GnRH every hour). Cows were confined to stalls for 4 d and two jugular cannulas were inserted 2 d before infusion of GnRH. Infusions began on d 0 and continued through d 14. Progesterone was quantified in daily blood samples and LH was quantified in samples collected every 10 min for 4 h on d-1, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 15. On d 16, cows were returned to pasture and blood samples were collected every 2nd d through d 30. Pulsatile infusion of GnRH increased (P < .05) the amplitude of LH pulses but did not affect pulse frequency. During infusion of GnRH every hour or every 4th h, concentrations of LH in serum were increased compared with those in saline-treated cows (P < .001), and cows receiving GnRH hourly had greater (P < .005) LH than cows given GnRH every 4 h. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Task-oriented exercises and early full weight-bearing contribute to improving disability after total hip replacement: a randomized controlled trial

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of an in-hospital programme based on task-oriented exercises associated with early full weight-bearing in patients with multiple comorbidities undergoing total hip replacement. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Specialised rehabilitation centre. Subjects: A total of 100 patients (mean age of 69 (8) years; 40 males, 60 females). Interventions: The experimental group underwent task-oriented exercises and was encouraged to abandon any walking aids by the end of their in-hospital stay. The control group underwent open chain kinetic exercises, and was recommended to use partial weight-bearing and walking aids until three months after surgery. Both groups individually followed programmes of 90-minute sessions five times a week for three weeks. Outcome measures: Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, Pain Numerical Rating Scale, Functional Independence Measure, and Short-Form Health Survey. The participants were evaluated before, after training, and after a further 12 months. Results: There were no significant between-group differences at baseline. After training, a between-group difference of 12 points was found for the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index – functional subscale, indicating a clinically tangible treatment effect on disability. The Functional Independence Measure increased by 31 and 15 points in the experimental and control group, respectively. A linear mixed model revealed significant effects of time, group, and time by group interaction on disability, pain, activities of daily living, and most of the physical quality of life domains. Conclusion: Task-oriented exercises associated with early full weight-bearing improve disability, pain, activities of daily living, and quality of life after total hip replacement.
Utility of the hyperbranched polymer Hybrane S1200 for production of instant-release particles by hot melt extrusion

Particles composed of 90:10 or 80:20 mixtures of the hyperbranched poly(esteramide) Hybrane S1200 and the poorly water-soluble drug hydrochlorothiazide were produced by hot melt extrusion at maximum temperatures of 90°C without any need for addition of a plasticizer. In dissolution rate assays in USP 29 apparatus II, particles of the smallest size category (<250 µm) containing 10% of hydrochlorothiazide released 95% of their load within 5 min. This fast release is attributed to the combination of the high solubility of Hybrane S1200, the dispersion of the drug in non-crystalline form in the polymer matrix (attested to by the results of powder X-ray diffractometry, and scanning electron microscopy), and to the fact that the main interaction between drug and polymer is through hydrogen bonds (attested to by ATR-IR difference spectra).
Recombinant, Live-Attenuated Tetravalent Dengue Virus Vaccine Formulations Induce a Balanced, Broad, and Protective Neutralizing Antibody Response against Each of the Four Serotypes in Rhesus Monkeys

ABSTRACT Three tetravalent vaccine (TV) formulations of previously described monovalent dengue (DEN) virus vaccine candidates were compared to a tetravalent formulation of wild-type DEN viruses (T-wt) for replication in SCID mice transplanted with human liver cells (SCID-HuH-7) or for replication and immunogenicity in rhesus monkeys. TV-1 consists of recombinant DEN1, -2, -3, and -4, each with a 30-nucleotide deletion in the 3′ untranslated region (Δ30). TV-2 consists of rDEN1Δ30, rDEN4Δ30, and two antigenic chimeric viruses, rDEN2/4Δ30 and rDEN3/4Δ30, both also bearing the Δ30 mutation. TV-3 consists of rDEN1Δ30, rDEN2Δ30, rDEN4Δ30, and a 10-fold higher dose of rDEN3/4Δ30. TV-1 and TV-2 were attenuated in SCID-HuH-7 mice with minimal interference in replication among the virus components. TV-1, -2, and -3 were attenuated in rhesus monkeys as measured by duration and peak of viremia. Each monkey immunized with TV-1 and TV-3 seroconverted to the four DEN components by day 28 with neutralization titers ranging from 1:52 to 1:273 and 1:59 to 1:144 for TV-1 and TV-3, respectively. TV-2 induced low antibody titers to DEN2 and DEN3, but a booster immunization after 4 months increased the neutralizing antibody titers to greater than 1:100 against each serotype and elicited broad neutralizing activity against 19 of 20 DEN subtypes. A single dose of TV-2 induced protection against wild-type DEN1, DEN3, and DEN4 challenge, but not DEN2. However, two doses of TV-2 or TV-3 induced protection against DEN2 challenge. Two tetravalent formulations, TV-2 and TV-3, possess properties of a successful DEN vaccine and can be considered for evaluation in clinical trials.
Where CMOS is going: trendy hype vs. real technology

The development of silicon technology has been, and will continue to be, driven by system needs. Traditionally, these needs have been satisfied by the increase in transistor density and performance, as suggested by 'Moore's Law" and guided by CMOS scaling theory. As the silicon industry moves towards the 45nm node and beyond, the two most important challenges cited are the growing standby power dissipation and the increasing variability in device characteristics. These complaints are cited as the reason Moore's Law is "broken", or why CMOS scaling is coming to an end. Actually, these effects are the embodiments of CMOS technology's approach to atomistic and quantum-mechanical physics boundaries. However, the infusion of new materials and device structures will extend the development lifetime of silicon CMOS by at least ten years. Cooperative circuit/technology co-design, and architectures developed concurrently with these new device innovations will provide a comprehensive solution to the challenges of deep submicron CMOS
Training in Timing Improves Accuracy in Golf

Abstract In this experiment, the authors investigated the influence of training in timing on performance accuracy in golf. During pre- and posttesting, 40 participants hit golf balls with 4 different clubs in a golf course simulator. The dependent measure was the distance in feet that the ball ended from the target. Between the pre- and posttest, participants in the experimental condition received 10 hr of timing training with an instrument that was designed to train participants to tap their hands and feet in synchrony with target sounds. The participants in the control condition read literature about how to improve their golf swing. The results indicated that the participants in the experimental condition significantly improved their accuracy relative to the participants in the control condition, who did not show any improvement. We concluded that training in timing leads to improvement in accuracy, and that our results have implications for training in golf as well as other complex motor activities.
Trop2 identifies a subpopulation of murine and human prostate basal cells with stem cell characteristics

The epithelium of the adult prostate contains 3 distinct cell types: basal, luminal, and neuroendocrine. Tissue-regenerative activity has been identified predominantly from the basal cells, isolated by expression of CD49f and stem cell antigen-1 (Sca-1). An important question for the field is whether all basal cells have stem cell characteristics. Prostate-specific microarray databases were interrogated to find candidate surface antigens that could subfractionate the basal cell population. Tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 (TACSTD2/Trop2/M1S1/GA733-1) was identified because it was enriched after castration, in prostate sphere cells and in the basal fraction. In the murine prostate, Trop2 shows progenitor characteristics such as localization to the region of the gland proximal to the urethra and enrichment for sphere-forming and colony-forming cells. Trop2 subfractionates the basal cells into 2 populations, both of which express characteristic basal cell markers by quantitative PCR. However, only the basal cells expressing high levels of Trop2 were able to efficiently form spheres in vitro. In the human prostate, where Sca-1 is not expressed, sphere-forming progenitor cells were also isolated based on high expression of Trop2 and CD49f. Trop2-expressing murine basal cells could regenerate prostatic tubules in vivo, whereas the remaining basal cells had minimal activity. Evidence was found for basal, luminal, and neuroendocrine cells in prostatic tubules regenerated from Trop2hi basal cells. In summary, functionally distinct populations of cells exist within the prostate basal compartment and an epithelial progenitor can give rise to neuroendocrine cells in vivo.