Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Glycation des protéines intracellulaires : impact sur la fonction contractile cellulaire

Glyoxal (GO), a highly reactive metabolite of glucose, is largely associated with diabetic vascular complications via the formation of advanced glycation end-products. Considering its ability to react with the amino acids in proteins and its crosslinking potential, we suggest that GO affects cellular mechanical functions such as contractility. Therefore, we tested the effects of GO on cellular contractile responses following AngII stimulation of human embryonic kidney cells over-expressing the AT1 receptor (HEK 293 AT1aR). Prior to cell stimulation with AngII, cells exposed to GO exhibited carboxymethyllysine-adduct formation and an increase in cellular stiffness, which could be prevented by pre-treatment with aminoguanidine. The time-dependent cellular contractile response to AngII was measured by monitoring cell membrane displacement with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and by quantifying myosin light chain phosphorylation (p-MLC) via immunoblotting. Interestingly, short-term GO exposure increased the amplitude of cell contraction induced by AngII by 2.6 times, and this was also associated with a sustained rise in p-MLC. This hyperresponsiveness to AngII induced by GO points toward a central role for its glycation potential, as aminoguanidine pre-treatment prevented this increased cellular mechanical response. Our results also suggest that GO could have an impact on ROCK activity, as ROCK inhibition with Y-27632 blocked the enhanced contractile response (p = 0.011) measured under GO conditions. Together, these results indicate that GO enhances the cellular response to AngII and modifies cellular mechanical properties via a mechanism that relies on its glycation potential and on the activation of the ROCKdependent pathway. Insight, Innovation, Integration The monitoring of cell membrane displacement by atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a recently developed approach to evaluate cellular responses to GPCR stimulation, which involves actomyosin contractile activity and rearrangement of the cellular cytoskeleton as it
THE IDENTIFICATION AND PREDILECTION OF ECTOPARASITES Lernaea In GOURAMY (Osphronemus gouramy, Lac) At NGRAJEK, MUNGKID DISTRICT, MAGELANG REGENCY

Gouramy is one commodity that has been developed by farmers because the market demand is high, easy maintenance and relatively stable prices. Gouramy has rather long body shape, flattened and covered in scales that are large, look rugged and powerful. The success of a business can’t be separated from fish disease problems. The presence of ectoparasites can lead to decrease fish quality so that lower the sale value of fish. It is caused discoloration and damage of the fish. One of the parasites attacking is Lernaea. The purpose of this study is to identify and know predilection of Lernaea in carp (O. gouramy, Lac) Ngrajek, Magelang. The methode was survey and sampling methods using random sampling purpose. Data obtained presented in descriptive presentation with data presented an explanation form, figures and images described make easier to read and understand. The results indicated L. cyprinacea, L. oryzophila and L. osphronemi were carefully identificated affect. The species were identified based on the shape holdfast, feet, uropoda, egg sacs and body length of Lernaea. An observation was made using a microscope with a magnification of 100 X and then drawing by scale 2.5 cm. The predilection for attacking the carp mostly was body surface, fins, gills and eyes. However, in Ngrajek there were many Lernaea attacks in the fin because it has a thin tissue so that Lernaea easily pierced.
Distribution Determinants of Endangered Iberian Spider Macrothele calpeiana (Araneae, Hexathelidae)

Abstract Little is known about the habitat preferences of Macrothele calpeiana (Walckenaer, 1805), an endangered endemic Iberian spider. In this paper, we seek to identify its distribution determinants and to disentangle their independent from combined effects. Generalized linear models (GLMs) of species presence–absence in southern Iberia were built from available distribution information and a variety of climate, land-use, and vegetation-vigor explanatory variables. Their independent and combined effects were estimated using variation and hierachical partitioning. On the scale of this work, M. calpeiana distribution is determined mainly by climate variables, especially by those related with precipitation; high annual precipitation and high precipitation periodicity favors the spider. Temperature is also important, because the species is not found where temperatures reach extremes. Whereas independent vegetative vigor and land-use effects, not easily separated from climate effects, are negligible, loss of forest to agriculture seems to have a negative effect. The slight positive effect of artificial surfaces cannot be directly attributed to anthropogenized-habitat preferences. Failure of climate model interpolation to predict some core species distribution areas in southern Iberia is discussed. The need for reliable distribution information from which to develop accurate habitat models is highlighted.
Extracellular Galactomannan from Neurospora crassa

The extracellular galactomannan of Neurospora crassa has been characterized. The purified polysaccharide preparation consisted of more than 98% carbohydrate (d-mannose, 49%; d-galactose, 43%; d-glucose, 8%) and trace amounts of protein (< 1%) and phosphate (< 1%). The native polymer ([α]d, + 28°) was resistant to bacterial exo-α-d-mannanase, while the mannan ([α]d, + 85.9°) after mild acid hydrolysis was partially hydrolyzed by the enzyme. Methylation analysis, Smith degradation, acetolysis, and enzymic and acid hydrolysis indicated that the polysaccharide had a linear α-mannan backbone consisting of α-1,2-tetrasaccharide, α-1,2- and α-1,3-disaccharide units which might be joined by α-1,6-bonds. Galactose residues linked through a β-1,5-bond were located exclusively in the side-chains. The side-chains were attached to the mannan backbone by a 1,2- or 1,6-linkage.
Context dependence of risk effects: wolves and tree logs create patches of fear in an old-growth forest

Large mammalian carnivores create areas perceived as having high and low risk by their ungulate prey. Human activities can indirectly shape this landscape of fear by altering behavior and spatial distribution of carnivores. We studied how red deer perceive the landscape of fear in an old-growth forest system (Bialowieza Primeval Forest, Poland) both at large and fine spatial scale. Camera traps were placed at locations with and without tree logs (fine-scale risk factor) and at different distances from the core of a wolf territory and human settlements (large-scale risk factor). Red deer avoided coming close to large tree logs and increased their vigilance levels when they were present in close vicinity. The strength of these effects depended on the distance to the wolf core area; deer perceived tree logs as more risky when wolves were more often present. Hence, tree logs inside wolf core areas create fine-scale patches of fear with reduced deer browsing pressure, thereby enhancing chances for successful tree recruitment. Human presence shapes this landscape of fear as wolf core areas are located far from human settlements. This "human shadow" on predator–prey interactions is therefore an important component that should be taken into account in human-dominated landscapes.
Swordfish ( Xiphias gladius , Teleostea: Xiphiidae) surface behaviour during reproductive period in the central Mediterranean Sea (southern Tyrrhenian Sea)

Swordfish in the Mediterranean Sea have been caught with harpoon since 1000 BC, when, from May to August, these animals come to the surface often in male–female pairs. At this time, swordfish exhibit a variety of swimming behaviours largely only known by fishermen targeting swordfish. Over four years from 2002 to 2005, we observed the behaviour of swordfish in surface waters from the sighting platform of a harpoon fishing boat. The behaviour of 207 swordfish pairs, 73 single females and 124 single males, were recorded. On the basis of behaviours identified by the fishing fleet, we classified a priori , the behaviour of single males, single females and pairs of swordfish across seven categories. After capture, the maturity stage of each fish was determined macrocospically and assigned to a gonadosomatic index (GSI). Both male and female of a higher GSI were more frequently observed in surface waters during June and July (analysis of variance (ANOVA) F (3,276) = 70.107; P = 0.001) and individual GSI was observed to be associated with differing behavioural grouping. The most frequent behaviours observed were: a female that swam rectilinear closely followed by the male, or two fish that swam near the surface and turn out going full circle. Both behaviours were associated with the maturity Stage IV. Our data suggest that reproductive behaviour of swordfish involve a long lasting surface courtship display with different phases influenced by gonad development.
La dihydrofolate réductase R67, comme une cible d’antibiotiques et biocatalyseur potentiel

La dihyrofolate reductase de type II R67 (DHFR R67) est une enzyme bacterienne encodee par un plasmide donc aisement transmissible. Elle catalyse la reaction de reduction du dihydrofolate (DHF) en tetrahydrofolate (THFA) essentiel pour la proliferation cellulaire. La DHFR R67 est une enzyme qui depend du cofacteur NADPH. La DHFR R67 est differente, structurellement et genetiquement, de l’enzyme DHFR chromosomale presente chez tous les organismes et elle est resistante au trimethoprime (TMP) qui est largement utilise dans les traitements antibacteriens chez l’Homme. Aucun inhibiteur selectif contre la DHFR R67 n’est actuellement repertorie. Le but de cette etude a ete d’identifier des molecules qui pourront inhiber la DHFR R67 selectivement, sans affecter la DHFR humaine (DHFRh). La verification de la qualite des essais enzymatiques en conditions determinees pour le criblage d’inhibiteurs sur plusieurs lectrices a plaques a identifie des appareils appropries pour l’analyse. L’etude de l’activite enzymatique de la DHFR R67 et de la DHFRh en presence des solvants organiques et liquides ioniques (LIs), comme des co-solvants pour le criblage rationnel d’inhibiteurs, a montre que certains LIs peuvent servir de milieu alternatif pour les essais enzymatiques. Le criblage rationnel base sur l’approche du design d’un inhibiteur a partir de petites molecules, a revele des molecules primaires qui inhibent la DHFR R67 de facon faible, mais selective. Le test des composes biologiquement actifs qui comprennent des petits fragments, a montre l’augmentation de l’affinite entre la DHFR R67 et les composes testes. Trois composes ont ete determines comme des inhibiteurs selectifs prometteurs pour la DHFR R67.
Integrating behavior into life-history theory: a comment on Wong and Candolin

Abrams P. 2010. Implications of flexible foraging for interspecific interactions: lessons from simple models. Funct Ecol. 24:7–17. McNamara JM, Barta Z, Klaassen M, Bauer S. 2011. Cues and the optimal timing of activities under environmental changes. Ecol Lett. 14:1183–1190. Robertson BA, Rehage JS, Sih A. 2013. Ecological novelty and the emergence of evolutionary traps. Trends Ecol Evol. 28:552–560. Sih A. 2013. Understanding variation in behavioural responses to humaninduced rapid environmental change: a conceptual overview. Anim Behav. 85:1077–1088. Sih A, Ferrari MCO, Harris DJ. 2011. Evolution and behavioural responses to human-induced rapid environmental change. Evol Appl. 4:367–387. Sih A, Gleeson SK. 1995. A limits-oriented approach to evolutionary ecology. Trends Ecol Evol. 10:378–382. Wong BBM, Candolin U. 2015. Behavioral responses to changing environments. Behav Ecol. 26:665–673.
A Day in the Life of Dr K. or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Lysozyme: a tragedy in six acts.

Abstract About the play: In modern drama, the agonizing nature of membrane protein work has not been adequately acknowledged. It is perhaps significant that the first attempt to bring this darker aspect of human existence into focus comes from a Scandinavian author, writing in the tradition of Ibsen and Strindberg but with a distinctly turn-of-the-millenium approach to the inner life of his characters: the despairing Dr K; the cynical Dr R with his post-modernistic life credo; the ambitious but unfeeling Dr C; the modern Ubermensch, Dr B. , with his almost Nietzschean view of human nature. This is a play that is brutally honest, yet full of empathy for the poor souls that get caught between the Scylla of unreachable scientific glory and the Charybdis of helpless mediocrity. James Glib-Burdock, drama critic for The Stratford Observer .
Electrophorethic Analysis of Esterases and Other Soluble Proteins from Representatives of Phytopathogenic Bacterial Genera

Summary: Electrophoretic patterns of esterases and other soluble proteins from two isolates of Agrobacterium rhizogenes, three of A. tumefaciens, two of Coryne-bacterium faciens, eight of C. michiganense, three of Pseudomonas phaseolicola, two of Erwinia carotovora, and four of Xanthomonas fragariae were determined. Similar protein patterns were obtained for isolates representing a given bacterial species, with the exception of one isolate of A. tumefaciens which differed markedly from the other two isolates tested. All isolates possessed active esterases. None of the Corynebacterium isolates tested showed activity bands for dehydrogenases. Results demonstrated the applicability of the technique in differentiating between phytobacterial genera and between species of a given genus.
An Application of Behavioral Modeling to Characterize Urban Angling Decisions and Values

Abstract Although many recreational anglers reside in urban areas, important policy questions, such as how to optimally improve urban shorelines and increase urban angler participation rates, are unresolved. This article presents an econometric model that quantifies the relationships between site quality, angler characteristics, and urban angling behavior in five northeastern New Jersey counties. The model employed (repeated nested logit) is prominent in the environmental economics literature but has not to our knowledge been applied to urban fishery management. The results indicate that the repeated nested logit can effectively characterize urban anglers’ site choices, participation rates, and resource values. The article presents two models whose differences highlight considerations in modeling urban angling behavior. The first includes variables typically found in recreational-fishing, site-choice models. The second (and preferred) model includes variables that more appropriately characterize urban ang.
Description of the larva of Polycentropus schmidi Novak & Botosaneanu, 1965 (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae) with some notes on its ecology

Abstract This paper presents the description of the hitherto unknown larva of Polycentropus schmidi Novak & Botosaneanu, 1965. Information on the morphological identification of this species is given, and the most important diagnostic features are illustrated. A synoptic determination key for all known Central European larvae of Polycentropus is presented. Some notes on the species' distribution in Europe as well as on habitat characteristics are included.
Épigénétique et développement : l’empreinte parentale

Dans la nature, certaines especes, animales comme vegetales, se reproduisent par parthenogenese, c’est-a-dire uniquement a partir du gamete femelle, sans participation du gamete mâle. Chez les mammiferes, la parthenogenese naturelle n’a jamais ete observee, ce qui suggere que le developpement d’un embryon de mammifere requiert la presence des deux genomes maternel et paternel. Cela est du a un phenomene, decouvert au debut des annees 1980, appele « empreinte genomique parentale » : il apparait que, chez tous les mammiferes, les genomes mâle et femelle qui se rencontrent dans l’oeuf feconde sont marques d’un sceau different, nomme empreinte. Par la suite, l’identification de genes specifiques soumis a empreinte parentale a permis de montrer que cette empreinte conduit a une expression monoallelique, dependante de l’origine parentale. Les caracteristiques moleculaires de ce phenomene de marquage epigenetique ont maintenant ete decrites et permettent d’expliquer certaines maladies humaines liees a des genes soumis a empreinte.
A Step Toward Optimization of Cancer Therapeutics

Cancer growth and response to therapy by anticancer drugs have been shown to be dependent on circadian clock inputs [15], [27]. Indeed, tumor growth is enhanced by perturbations of the central hypothalamic clock [11]–[13] and this is most likely related to cell cycle control disruption [14], [15]. What are the relationships between molecular circadian clock and cell cycle timings? How should anticancer therapeutics be designed so as to induce efficient recovering of such control mechanisms? To answer these questions, an integrative physiology model has been designed, which takes into account the cell proliferation at the level of a population of cells by age-structured partial differential equations (PDEs), its control by cell cycle proteins (variables in ordinary differential equations [ODEs]), and the control of these molecular mechanisms by the circadian system, designed as a network of coupled oscillators also described by ODEs.
Can minor males of Dawson's burrowing bee, Amegilla dawsoni (Hymenoptera: Anthophorini) compensate for reduced access to virgin females through sperm competition?

Dawson’s burrowing bees (Amegilla dawsoni) exhibit a conditional mating strategy with two alternative tactics. Large (major) males exclusively patrol emergence sites in search of about-to-emerge females, whereas small (minor) males usually search the periphery of emergence sites for females that escape patrollers. About 80% of the male population are minors, despite the fact that patrolling emergence sites is apparently the more profitable mating tactic. We tested the hypothesis that minor males gain fitness by mating with nonvirgin females and engaging in sperm competition with rival ejaculates. If the sperm competition hypothesis applied, it would help explain why nesting females produce so many minor sons. Contrary to this hypothesis, however, we found that minor males do not exhibit traits frequently associated with sperm competition. Minor and major males did not differ in testis mass after controlling for body size. Neither did they differ significantly in the duration or pattern of copulation nor in the volume of ejaculate transferred. In addition, and also contrary to the sperm competition hypothesis, females apparently mated only once. Loss of female sexual receptivity occurred quickly after the onset of copulation, and nesting females appeared completely unreceptive. Thus, all aspects of the bee’s mating system strongly indicate that sperm competition does not occur in Dawson’s burrowing bee, so that minors cannot compensate even partially via sperm competition for their mating disadvantage with virgin females. Key words: alternative mating tactics, Amegilla dawsoni, bees, sperm competition. [Behav Ecol 11:319–325 (2000)]
Melanin-based coloration of sneaker male Atlantic salmon is linked to viability and emergence timing of their offspring

The ‘good genes’ hypothesis of sexual selection predicts that male ornaments are favoured by female mate choice because male ornament reveals genetic quality. In species with different male reproductive tactics, variation in genetic quality among ‘sneaking’ males has rarely been investigated, as usually ‘sneakers’ are thought not to be chosen by females. Here we focused on the alternative reproductive tactic in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758) to test whether the skin colour of sneakers may reveal the performance traits of their offspring. A fully factorial breeding design was realized between 20 sneakers and two females using in vitro fertilization. We quantified the red and dark colorations of males and measured the survival of their progeny under semi-natural conditions. In addition, the size of offspring and their emergence timing from the gravel nest were monitored in the laboratory. We found that darker males sired more viable offspring, whereas red coloration was negatively correlated with offspring survival. Nevertheless, darker and redder male pigmentations were linked to a delay in offspring emergence. These results demonstrate that colours can reveal individual genetic quality in an alternative male reproductive tactic, with male melanin-based coloration being linked to both beneficial and detrimental effects for the offspring. Our results imply that sneaker ornaments may potentially play a role in both intra- and intersexual selection.
The influence of sex, climate, and body weight on skin tears and muscle damage during plucking of broiler chickens

Abstract In regional and controlled studies, about 500 flocks, slaughtered over a 3-yr period, were tested for skin tears and muscle damage during defeathering. In the regional study, the influence of sex and climate on these variables was evaluated. In the controlled study, the effects of the growing temperature and the temperature at which the birds were held prior to slaughter on skin tears were investigated. Skin tearing and the resulting muscle damage was found to be a major problem in female chickens, but rarely appeared in males. Differences in muscle damage were related to seasons of the year. The degree of muscle damage following skin tears in the slaughterhouse increased with the number of hours that ambient temperature had been higher than 33 C during the growing period of the flocks. This result agrees with those of the controlled studies, which showed a similar effect of temperature during growth on skin tears. In contrast, holding temperature on the day of slaughter did not influence skin tear or muscle shredding rates. Body weight, age of marketing, and the physical form of the diet (pellets vs mash) had no effect on muscle damage during plucking