Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using social media in the classroom: a best practice guide

Chapter 5 was an interesting approach for establishing instructional objectives and was perhaps considered more appropriate for the intended audience. The practical approach deployed throughout the publication and in particular, Chapter 6 provides a range of ideas for teaching strategies, course interaction and implementation, which are expansive enough to apply to a personal context. There is also adequate signposting to where further examples of current or good practice can be found. Chapter 7 brings the curriculum design process and publication to a close with ‘Assessment, Grading and Rubrics’. Assessment, for those taking a Constructive Alignment approach, would not come at the end of the curriculum design process, and it is perhaps therefore not advisable to have placed it at the end of the publication. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs) and Assessment need to be considered in parallel and to have taken the reader through the teaching activity chapters without significant mention of assessment, or its relationship to ILOs could lead to having to repeat elements of the course design. Overall the assessment chapter could have been far more substantive given that this is a high-stake activity for the learners. There were again surprising omissions, such as Rowntree (1987) and other key figures. However, the focus of the publication is learner-centred approaches to online education. Additionally, there is coverage of peer assessment and online assessment techniques. With the underpinning assessment and feedback theory being lighter in this chapter than the previous six and having read so many well-balanced chapters, Chapter 7 can leave one feeling a little bit short changed. All of the chapters have a rich selection of references that can be used to increase the reader’s breath and depth of knowledge, and compliments the introductory guidance this publication seeks to provide. The writing style throughout the publication makes it easy to dip in and out of and would make a good source for future reference.
Blockade of TGF-β signaling: a potential target for cancer immunotherapy?

ABSTRACT Introduction: Malignant tumors often escape surveillance and eventual destruction by the host immune system through a variety of strategies including production of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. Because of its generally immunosuppressive role, TGF-β has emerged as a promising therapeutic target in cancer immunotherapy. Areas covered: This article looks at specific mechanisms of how TGF-β controls the function of various immune cell subsets in the tumor microenvironment and focusses on T-cells. Various inhibition tools of TGF-β signaling and potential targets of therapeutic intervention are assessed along with the recent progress in combining TGF-β blockade and immune-mediated therapies. To round off the article, a summary of results from clinical trials is provided in which TGF-β blockade has shown therapeutic benefit for patients. Expert opinion: Data from preclinical models have shown that blocking TGF-β signaling can overcome resistance mechanisms and in combination with immune-checkpoint therapies, can yield additive or synergistic anti-tumor responses. The future of immunooncology will therefore be based on combination trials. Since response rates may critically depend on both cancer type and stage, selection of only those patients who can benefit from combinatorial immunotherapy regimens is of utmost importance.
Nitrogen dioxide and acute respiratory tract infections in children in Indonesia

Abstract We evaluated associations between air pollution (nitrogen dioxide [NO2] and sulfur dioxide [SO2]) and health in children aged 0–3 years in Indonesia. We included 4931 Indonesian children born between 2009 and 2011. We assigned participants provincial-levels of NO2 and SO2 and examined associations with low birth weight, infant death, neonatal death, and acute respiratory infection (ARI). We estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a generalized estimating equations logistic regression model. NO2 exposure increased the risk for ARI. An interquartile range increase in mean NO2 exposure increased the risk for ARI by 18% (OR 1.18, 95% CI: 1.08–1.28), and was supported by quartile exposure category. SO2 was not associated with the examined child health outcomes. NO2 exposure increased the risk for respiratory infections in early childhood in Indonesia. AbbreviationsARI acute respiratory infectionCI confidence intervalGDRB Gross Domestic Regional BrutoGEE generalized estimating equationsIDHS Indonesian Demographic Health SurveyIQR interquartile rangeLBW low birth weightNO2 nitrogen dioxideOR odds ratioSO2 sulfur dioxide
Characterizations of motivation and identity in medical students’ reflections about challenging patient interactions

Abstract Purpose: Students’ negative emotions in patient interactions can relate to their learning motivation and identity. Educators can support learning from these interactions by advocating for reflection. We explored how students, in reflection essays about emotionally difficult patient interactions that challenged their notions of professionalism, described aspects of motivation and identity. Materials and Methods: All third-year medical students on the ob-gyn clerkship complete written reflections about a “clinical situation that challenged or affirmed your professionalism. ” We conducted directed content analysis of essays (academic years 2014–2017) using relevant theories (self-determination, goal orientation and identity formation) based on previous work and organized the data into categories. Results: In 265 essays (of 396, 67%), students described patient interactions that challenged their notions of professionalism, of which 90% included descriptions of their emotions. When reflecting on these interactions, students described psychological needs acknowledged in self-determination theory, competence, autonomy in patient care and connection to the team. Students indicated challenges in identity when advocating for patients due to team hierarchy and evaluation concerns. Conclusions: Reflection essays about difficult patient interactions allow students to explore emotions, motivation and identity. They help educators understand whether the clinical learning environment is meeting students’ needs to support learning in challenging interactions.
Structural basis of Type IV CRISPR RNA biogenesis by a Cas6 endoribonuclease

ABSTRACT Prokaryotic CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems rely on small non-coding RNAs derived from CRISPR loci to recognize and destroy complementary nucleic acids. However, the mechanism of Type IV CRISPR RNA (crRNA) biogenesis is poorly understood. To dissect the mechanism of Type IV CRISPR RNA biogenesis, we determined the x-ray crystal structure of the putative Type IV CRISPR associated endoribonuclease Cas6 from Mahella australiensis (Ma Cas6-IV) and characterized its enzymatic activity with RNA cleavage assays. We show that Ma Cas6-IV specifically cleaves Type IV crRNA repeats at the 3ʹ side of a predicted stem loop, with a metal-independent, single-turnover mechanism that relies on a histidine and a tyrosine located within the putative endonuclease active site. Structure and sequence alignments with Cas6 orthologs reveal that although Ma Cas6-IV shares little sequence homology with other Cas6 proteins, all share common structural features that bind distinct crRNA repeat sequences. This analysis of Type IV crRNA biogenesis provides a structural and biochemical framework for understanding the similarities and differences of crRNA biogenesis across multi-subunit Class 1 CRISPR immune systems.
Bibliography of Segmentation in Neuroimaging

Reference for segmentation in neuroimaging are collected. Both tissue segmentation and parcellation is included. This structured bibliography is part of a larger collection of bibliographies see http://www.imm.dtu.dk/~fn/bib/Nielsen2001Bib/. The bibliography is written in L ATEX and BIBTeX and should be available both as HTML and PostScript. The bibliography is probably far from complete, but new references are added whenever the author flnds new material and has the time to add them. You can email the author if corrections are required or you have found some reference that you fell ought to be included: fn@imm.dtu.dk.
Kinetic investigation of a controlled drug delivery system based on alginate scaffold with embedded voids

Alginate scaffold has been used widely for controlled release applications because of its ability to provide three-dimensional supports for formation of a gel matrix. Alginate gel scaffolds for drug delivery matrices were prepared using a fluidic device. N2 gas was used in the fluidic device to generate bubbles in the gel layer. The hydrogel matrices with induced voids were compared with hydrogel matrices without voids. This study attempted to identify the release mechanism of vitamin B12 from the two types of prepared scaffolds, and the data were fitted with different release kinetic models. The results revealed that the alginate scaffold exhibited a controlled release profile and that the corresponding release mechanism followed a first-order kinetic model. Hydrogel scaffolds fabricated with biocompatible polymers using fluidic methods could be promising for controlled drug delivery systems.
State generalization method based on uncertainty minimization of behavior outcomes for reactive agents

Autonomous state generalization is one of the key issues in the behavior acquisition problem of reactive agents. The paper proposes a novel state generalization method which discretizes the continuous sensor space based on entropy minimization of agents' behavior outcomes. This general framework unifies the heuristic criteria for state generalization used in conventional works. An experimental study in the latter part suggests that our method increases the adaptability of agents to the environment and improves the overall behavior performance.
Novel approaches to decrease inappropriate ambulatory antibiotic use

ABSTRACT Introduction: Inappropriate antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance are major public health threats. In the United States, most antibiotic use occurs in ambulatory care and 30% to 50% may be inappropriate. The National Action Plan for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria set a goal of reducing inappropriate outpatient antibiotics by 50% by 2020. Areas covered: This review summarizes the epidemiology of antibiotic use in ambulatory care and explores evidence-based, novel approaches for improving ambulatory antibiotic use. Expert opinion: We leveraged insights from behavioral science and social psychology to implement novel peer comparison – a form of audit-and-feedback – and accountable justification alert interventions that reduced inappropriate antibiotic prescribing to 5% or less. We and others have been successful in reducing inappropriate antibiotic prescribing with precommitment posters, communication training, combined patient/clinician education, and clinical decision support. Other commonly employed, but unsound approaches to reducing inappropriate antibiotic prescribing include point-of-care testing and delayed antibiotic prescriptions. These approaches are not durable (e.g. CRP testing), have not been proven in primary care (e.g. procalcitonin), or are conceptually flawed, such as using testing for non-antibiotic-appropriate diagnoses or using delayed antibiotic prescriptions. To decrease inappropriate ambulatory antibiotic use, clinicians, pharmacists, practices, and health systems need to collect antibiotic prescribing data, select concrete improvement targets, and implement evidence-based interventions such as peer comparison, accountable justification, precommitment, and communication training.
The chloride anion as a signalling effector

The specific role of the chloride anion (Cl−) as a signalling effector or second messenger has been increasingly recognized in recent years. It could represent a key factor in the regulation of cellular homeostasis. Changes in intracellular Cl− concentration affect diverse cellular functions such as gene and protein expression and activities, post‐translational modifications of proteins, cellular volume, cell cycle, cell proliferation and differentiation, membrane potential, reactive oxygen species levels, and intracellular/extracellular pH. Cl− also modulates functions in different organelles, including endosomes, phagosomes, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria. A better knowledge of Cl− signalling could help in understanding the molecular and metabolic changes seen in pathologies with altered Cl− transport or under physiological conditions. Here we review relevant evidence supporting the role of Cl− as a signalling effector.
Rising to the Challenge: Re-Embracing the Wald Model of Nursing.

: By the 1920s, Lillian Wald's model of care, with nurses working side by side with social workers at the intersection of medicine and society, had become an important component of the U.S. health care system. Over subsequent decades, however, a confluence of historic forces resulted in its marginalization. Today, people are recognizing that medical cures alone, although important, will not reduce the epidemic of diseases of despair or the growing challenges involved in achieving health equity. Wald's approach, extended to a broader range of settings in which nurses work today, could be the missing ingredient.To provide background for the National Academy of Medicine Committee on the Future of Nursing 2020-2030, as it develops its follow-up to the Institute of Medicine's 2010 Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation commissioned a report on nursing's historic role in advancing health. This article summarizes that report, which can be found in its entirety at www.rwjf. org/content/dam/farm/reports/reports/2019/rwjf452706.
Scalability issues of dynamic space management for multiple-server networked virtual environments

This paper discusses the scalability issues of networked virtual environments (net-VEs). A most important problem of net-VEs is that the performance of the system is remarkably deteriorated when users increase in number. To solve this problem, we proposed two methods. The first method tries to equalize the load in each server by dynamically adjusting the size of the space managed by each server. The second method tries to reduce the amount of operations by changing the size of a management unit of the virtual space. To evaluate the proposed methods, we developed a multiple-server networked game called "CittaTron". Through several experiments, we show the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Artificial Hibernation by Phenothiazines: A Potential Neuroprotective Therapy Against Cerebral Inflammation in Stroke.

BACKGROUND The inflammatory response to acute cerebral ischemia is a major factor in stroke pathobiology and patient outcome. In the clinical setting, no effective pharmacologic treatments are currently available. Phenothiazine drugs chlorpromazine and promethazine (C+P) have been widely studied because of their ability to induce neuroprotection through artificial hibernation after stroke. The present study determined their effect on the inflammatory response. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: (1) sham, (2) stroke, (3) stroke treated by C+P without temperature control and (4) stroke treated by C+P with temperature control (n=8 per group). To assess the neuroprotective effect of C+P, brain damage was measured using infarct volume and neurological deficits. The expression of inflammatory response molecules, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) was determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS TNF-α, IL-1β, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and NF-κB mRNA and protein expression was upregulated, and brain damage and neurological deficits were increased, after stroke. These markers of cerebral injury were significantly reduced following C+P administration under drug-induced hypothermia, while C+P administration under normal body temperature reduced them by a lesser degree. CONCLUSION This study showed an inhibitory effect of C+P on brain inflammation, which may be partially dependent on drug-induced hibernation, as well as other mechanisms of action by these drugs. These findings further suggest the great potential of C+P in the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke.
In vitro lipolysis and lymphatic absorption of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the rat: influence of the molecular lipid species as carrier.

2,7-dichlorofluorescein (2,7-DCF), 2-monoglycerides (2-MG), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), chylomicrons (CM), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), ethyl esters (EE), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), fatty acids (FA), fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), free fatty acids (FFA), heptadecanoic acid (FFA 17:0), flame ionization detector (FID), glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P), gas chromatography (GC), lysophospholipids (lysoPL), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA), n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 1,2-diheptadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (PC 17:0), phospholipase A2 (PLA2), phospholipids (PL), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), red blood cells (RBS), saturated fatty acids (SFA), triglycerides (TG), 1,2,3-triheptadecanoyl-sn-glycerol (TG 17:0), thin layer chromatography (TLC).
The consequences of adopting therapeutic luminophore azapodophyllotoxin into BSA: a molecular regulator to control emissive population of two tryptophan residues in carrier protein

Abstract Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is a widely recognized plasma protein for its ubiquitous function as one of the paramount transporter of different drugs and enzymes inside biological systems. HPFQ, a member of azapodophyllotoxin family, has been observed to be highly bioactive against a majority of cancer cell lines; while subsequently showing impressive fluorescent properties throughout the polarity scale. However, further pursuit into compliance of this bioactive fluorophore with carrier protein remains imperative for excavating its suitable transporter inside human body. The present biophysical spectroscopic study attempts to exhibit the adaptability of BSA towards a potential therapeutic fluorophore (HPFQ) by combining in vitro optical spectroscopy and in silico molecular docking. The competitive site-binding studies demonstrated that BSA nurtures neutral anti-cancer fluorophore HPFQ into Sudlow site I, where it experiences varying interactions with surrounding hydrophobic amino acid residues viz. Phe 205, Trp 213, Ala 209, Leu 330, Ala 349, Leu 480 etc. HPFQ gets accommodated at the vicinity of Trp-213 in BSA and initiates operation of FRET between them. Adaptation of HPFQ encourages an allosteric modulation, leading to a minor deformation in secondary protein structure, which probably allows the invading water molecules to increase the micropolarity of the adjacent environment around Trp-213. HPFQ assumes to administer conformational alteration in BSA and regulate emissive population of two tryptophan residues Trp-134 and Trp-213. The amalgamated spectroscopic investigation described herein may encourage design of azapodophyllotoxin based potential therapeutic agents for effective in vivo bio-circulation using BSA-based drug distribution systems. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
PENERAPAN MODEL RECIPROCAL TEACHING PADA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS VIII SMPN 26 PADANG

One of the goals of mathematics teaching is that the students can understand mathematical concept well. Based on the result of observation of the eighth grade students of SMPN 26 Padang, students' mathematical concept understanding is still relatively low. Students were accustomed to memorizing concepts and formulas given by teachers without understand it first. This problem affects the student learning outcomes which show that many of them got below KKM. One of solutions of this problem is the application of the reciprocal teaching on students' mathematical concept understanding. The purpose of this research was to determine whether students' mathematical concept understanding, or applying reciprocal teaching model better than the mathematical concept understanding that applying conventional teaching students in the eighth grade students of SMPN 26 Padang. This research is a quasi experimental with randomized control group only design research design. Based on the analysis of data obtained that the mathematical concept understanding students after applying reciprocal teaching model better than the students' mathematical concept understanding after applying conventional learning in the eighth grade students of SMPN 26 Padang. Keywords - mathematical concept understanding, reciprocal teaching
An Energy Efficient Routing Algorithm for Wireless Body Area Network

Wireless body area networks (WBANs) are emerging as one of the newest forms of Wireless Sensor Networks. In WBANs, sensor nodes accumulate human physiological data and transmit it to the sink node. However, transmission of physiological data to the sink node over a mobile route becomes a very daunting task for sensors due to their limited battery power. Moreover, replacement of critical sensor nodes is a major challenge in such scenarios. In order to increase network lifetime, some routing protocols have been proposed in the literature, but the majority of them are focused on coverage distance and residual energy of sensor nodes. In this work, we will propose an energy efficient routing algorithm for WBANs that will take into consideration two additional attributes (node criticality and communication count) along with the above stated attributes. These four parameters in the proposed algorithm will result in enhancement of working lifetime of the network via less energy consumption in comparison to existing routing protocols.
UM MODELO ALGÉBRICO PARA REPRESENTAÇÃO, INDEXAÇÃO E CLASSIFICAÇÃO AUTOMÁTICA DE DOCUMENTOS DIGITAIS *

This paper introduce the idea of representing, indexing and automatically classifying digital documents. The vectorial model of representing documents is simple and allows us to deal with the classification of a great amount of digital documents which were loaded daily in almost 35 Brazilian Digital Library of Thesis and Dissertation. We expect to have another 20 libraries by the end of this year. Using a sample of real documents, we compare this methodology of classification to that done by specialists. The results show that this methodology is promising in reducing the effort of specialists when performing such task.
Controlling the critical path in time adaptive QR/sup -1/ recursions

In signal processing, it is customary to reduce critical computation paths by introducing delays in the signal flow graph. Sometimes this is easy. More often, it is not that easy. In this paper it is shown-by example-that critical paths can be controlled systematically in the algorithmic domain, that is prior to the derivation of the flow graph. The example presented here is the adaptive inverse QR algorithm. The method, though, is not restricted to this example. It applies to all algorithms where associativity and commutativity properties can be exploited.