Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
12‐Lipoxygenase‐derived eicosanoids protect against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via activation of neuronal TRPV1

Recent evidence implicates the neuronal transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1), expressed on sensory C‐fibers, as playing an important endogenous protective role in limiting the damaging effects of myocardial I/R injury. In neurons the 12‐lipoxygenase (12‐LOX) arachidonic acid (AA) metabolite, 12(S)‐HpETE, has been proposed as the endogenous ligand for TRPV1. However, whether 12(S)‐HpETE underlies TRPV1 channel activation during I/R is unknown. Treatment of isolated Langendorff rat hearts with a 12‐LOX/AA cocktail significantly attenuated I/R injury (~40% inhibition of infarct size), an effect reversed by the 12‐LOX inhibitor baicalein or after chemical desensitization of local sensory C‐fiber afferents using capsaicin. Both 12(S)‐HpETE and AA caused dose‐dependent coronary vasodilatation (~EC50sof 6×10−19 and 1×10−7, respectively) that was profoundly suppressed by the TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine, in hearts of TRPV1 knockout mice compared with wild‐type mice, or by treatment with a CGRP antagonist. In addition, I/R itself stimulates up‐regulation of TRPV1 expression in both the cell bodies located within the dorsal root ganglia and locally within the myocardium. Together, our data identify a novel 12‐LOX/AA/TRPV1 pathway activated and up‐regulated during I/R injury, providing an endogenous damage‐limiting mechanism whose targeting may prove useful in treating myocardial infarction. —Sexton, A. , McDonald, M. , Cayla, C. , Thiemermann, C. , Ahluwalia, A. 12‐Lipoxygenase‐derived eicosanoids protect against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via activation of neuronal TRPV1. FASEB J. 21, 2695–2703 (2007)
ESD protection for mixed-voltage I/O using NMOS transistors stacked in a cascode configuration

We demonstrate that NMOS transistors stacked in a cascode configuration provide robust ESD protection for mixed voltage I/O in both silicided and silicide-blocked technologies. Circuits for gate voltage modulation were added to ensure uniform finger triggering of the fully silicided device. Layout and circuit rules were developed to avoid parasitic breakdown paths.
QUADRATIC TSALLIS ENTROPY BIAS AND GENERALIZED MAXIMUM ENTROPY MODELS

In density estimation task, Maximum Entropy (Maxent) model can effectively use reliable prior information via nonparametric constraints, that is, linear constraints without empirical parameters. However, reliable prior information is often insufficient, and parametric constraints becomes necessary but poses considerable implementation complexity. Improper setting of parametric constraints can result in overfitting or underfitting. To alleviate this problem, a generalization of Maxent, under Tsallis entropy framework, is proposed. The proposed method introduces a convex quadratic constraint for the correction of (expected) quadratic Tsallis Entropy Bias (TEB). Specifically, we demonstrate that the expected quadratic Tsallis entropy of sampling distributions is smaller than that of the underlying real distribution with regard to frequentist, Bayesian prior, and Bayesian posterior framework, respectively. This expected entropy reduction is exactly the (expected) TEB, which can be expressed by the closed‐form formula and acts as a consistent and unbiased correction with an appropriate convergence rate. TEB indicates that the entropy of a specific sampling distribution should be increased accordingly. This entails a quantitative reinterpretation of the Maxent principle. By compensating TEB and meanwhile forcing the resulting distribution to be close to the sampling distribution, our generalized quadratic Tsallis Entropy Bias Compensation (TEBC) Maxent can be expected to alleviate the overfitting and underfitting. We also present a connection between TEB and Lidstone estimator. As a result, TEB–Lidstone estimator is developed by analytically identifying the rate of probability correction in Lidstone. Extensive empirical evaluation shows promising performance of both TEBC Maxent and TEB‐Lidstone in comparison with various state‐of‐the‐art density estimation methods.
Efficacy and safety of intramuscular glucosamine sulfate in osteoarthritis of the knee. A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study.

Glucosamine sulfate (Dona, CAS 29031-19-4) is a drug used in the treatment of osteoarthritis. When orally given, it is more effective than placebo and at least as effective as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in relieving osteoarthritis symptoms. The aim of this multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group study was to assess the efficacy and safety of glucosamine sulfate intramuscularly given on the same parameters. 155 out-patients with knee osteoarthritis (Lequesne's criteria), radiological stage between I and III, Lequesne's severity index of at least 4 points and symptoms for at least 6 months, were treated with i.m. glucosamine sulfate (or placebo) 400 mg twice a week for 6 weeks. Clinic visits were performed at enrollment, after a 2-week baseline, at weekly intervals during treatment and 2 weeks after drug discontinuation. Responders to treatment were considered those patients with a reduction of at least 3 points in the Lequesne index, together with a positive overall judgement by the investigator. The Lequesne index was slightly over 10 points in average in both groups at the beginning of treatment. A significant decrease in the index was observed for glucosamine compared to placebo (3.3 vs. 2.0 points in average, respectively; p < 0.05, Student's t-test). The responder rate in the evaluable patients was 55% with glucosamine (n = 73) and only 33% (n = 69) with placebo (p = 0.012, Fisher's Exact Test). According to the intention-to-treat approach, considering also drop-outs, these proportions were 51% vs. 30% (p = 0.015). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A machine learning: an example of HCI prototyping with design fiction

This video - A Machine. Learning - adopts a 'research through design' approach [4] to producing a design fiction prototype [2,7]. By using a research through design approach that is grounded in the practical experience of creating a design fiction we contribute practical insights about the process of creating a design fiction for HCI. Reflecting on the production of the video we explore challenges and opportunities presented by the design fiction method when it is applied to near-future HCI scenarios. The video depicts the story of Manu and his new artificially intelligent portable device. In the paper we consider the video, using it as a means to contrast design fiction with other approaches to prototyping; we describe the story, content and style of the video; finally we reflect on the production of the video (writing, filming and editing processes) in order to offer practical insights to the HCI community, with regards to prototyping using design fiction and film.
Individual factors related to chronic condition in Portuguese adolescents: Highlights from the HBSC/WHO study

Background: Adolescence includes a period (10 to 19 years) of profound biopsychosocial changes, constituting potentially difficult challenges, which may become more pronounced in the presence of a chronic condition and its limitations. Responses are not homogeneous and can be quite variable, depending on various specific individual factors. Research comparing adolescents with or without chronic illness, or comparing across different conditions, has been contradictory, not confirming a direct relationship between the degree of suffering and the chronic condition. Objective: To characterize and assess the impact of 1) having a chronic condition (CC) and 2) how CC affects school participation; and its association with life satisfaction and perception of wellness, controlling for demographic factors: age, gender and family socioeconomic status (SES). Methods: 5050 Portuguese adolescents with an average age of 14 years participated in the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children/WHO (HBSC). Results: The majority of the adolescents with CC reported that their conditions did not affect school participation. Adolescents with CC who indicated that CC affected school participation felt more frequently unwell and presented lower life satisfaction. Being a boy, younger and having high family socio economic status (SES) were identified as predictors of higher life satisfaction; on the other hand, being a girl, older, having lower SES, living with CC and feeling that CC affects school participation are predictors for feeling more frequently unwell. Conclusions: These adolescents showed an increased vulnerability, presenting internalized symptoms and lower life satisfaction. Furthermore, when there was simultaneous occurrence of living with CC and that CC affected school participation, the impact was even higher. Thus, it is crucial that future interventions should include the identified predictors, combined with “listen to the voice” of adolescents, throughout the adaptation process.
Structural features of the g subunit of the Escherichia coli F 1 ATPase revealed by a 4.4-Å resolution map obtained by x-ray crystallography

The F 1 part of the F 1 F O ATP synthase from Escherichia coli has been crystallized and its structure determined to 4.4-Å resolution by using molecular replacement based on the structure of the beef-heart mitochondrial enzyme. The bacterial F 1 consists of ﬁve subunits with stoichiometry a 3 , b 3 , g , d , and « . d was removed before crystallization. In agreement with the structure of the beef-heart mitochondrial enzyme, although not that from rat liver, the present study suggests that the a and b subunits are arranged in a hexagonal barrel but depart from exact 3-fold symmetry. In the structures of both beef heart and rat-liver mitochondrial F 1 , less than half of the structure of the g subunit was seen because of presumed disorder in the crystals. The present electron-density map includes a number of rod-shaped features which appear to correspond to additional a -helical regions within the g subunit. These suggest that the g subunit traverses the full length of the stalk that links the F 1 and F O parts and makes signiﬁcant contacts with the c subunit ring of F O . Additional rod-like density features seen at the bottom of the ﬁgure, including that labeled B, are presumed to correspond to other a -helices of the g subunit. The features labeled A 9 , G 9 , and B 9 are related by symmetry to A, G, and B and are associated with an adjacent molecule in the crystal. Similarly, the feature T 9 isalsoassociatedwithanothermoleculeinthecrystal.Thedensityisinthevicinityofthe25orsoamino-terminalresiduesthatareatthe‘‘top’’of the a subunit and are not seen in the structure of beef-heart MF 1 (10). The presence of this density feature may indicate that some of these residues are better ordered in the presentcrystalform.Theelectron-densityfeaturesthatarewithintheregionoccupiedbythe a and b subunitsarepresumedtoreﬂectthefactthattheobserved structure factors, F o , come from the intact ECF 1 particle, whereas the calculated structure factors, F c , include only the polyglycine backbone atoms of the a and b subunits.
Osteoinduction of biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds in a nude mouse model

Bioceramics combined with isolated stem cells, or with total bone marrow, constitute the main strategies under consideration in the field of bone tissue engineering. In the present preclinical study, two biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds currently on the market, MBCP® and MBCP+®, with different hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate ratio, were implanted ectopically in a nude mouse model. These scaffolds were supplemented either with human mesenchymal stromal cells, or with human total bone marrow, or rat total bone marrow. Biomaterials alone were found to have potentially low, but non-zero, osteoinductive properties, while biomaterials associated with total bone marrow consistently improved osteoinduction in comparison with high concentrations of isolated human stromal cells.
Distinguishing between aerobic and anaerobic appearance of dissolved CO2 in intestine during low flow.

Increased intestinal mucosal PCO2 is used to detect the condition of inadequate O2 delivery, i.e., "dysoxia. " However, mucosal PCO2 (PmCO2) can arise from oxidative phosphorylation, in which case it would detect metabolism that persists as blood stagnates, and/or from HCO3- neutralization by anaerobically produced metabolic acid, in which event it could represent dysoxia. We measured portal venous PCO2 (PVCO2) directly and PmCO2 indirectly with saline-filled CO2-permeable Silastic balloon tonometers in the intestinal lumen during progressive lethal cardiac tamponade in six pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. PVCO2 and PmCO2 were relatively constant, differing by approximately 10 Torr until an O2 delivery (DO2) of approximately 1.3 ml.kg-1.min-1 was reached, below which PVCO2 and PmCO2 diverged strikingly, achieving a final difference of 78.7 +/- 35.81 (SD) Torr. To determine whether PCO2 arose from aerobic or anaerobic metabolism, we used the Dill nomogram to predict venous oxyhemoglobin (HbO2v) saturation (%HbO2v) from PVCO2. Portal venous %HbO2 predicted by the Dill nomogram agreed well with measured portal venous %HbO2 during all but the final values, indicating primarily aerobic appearance of PCO2 in venous blood, suggesting that portions of intestine that remained perfused at very low flow produced dissolved CO2 mainly by oxidative phosphorylation. As PmCO2 increased below critical DO2, however, predicted mucosal %HbO2v became strikingly negative, achieving a final value of -192 +/- 106.1%, indicating anaerobic dissolved CO2 production in mucosa. We conclude that PCO2 measured in intestinal lumen can be used to detect dysoxia.
Quartet Sampling distinguishes lack of support from conflicting support in the plant tree of life

Premise of the Study Phylogenetic support has been difficult to evaluate within the plant tree of life partly due to the difficulty of distinguishing conflicted versus poorly informed branches. As datasets continue to expand in both breadth and depth, new support measures are needed that are more efficient and informative. Methods We describe the Quartet Sampling (QS) method, a quartet-based evaluation system that synthesizes several phylogenetic and genomic analytical approaches. QS characterizes discordance in large-sparse and genome-wide datasets, overcoming issues of alignment sparsity and distinguishing strong conflict from weak support. We test QS with simulations and recent plant phylogenies inferred from variously sized datasets. Key Results QS scores demonstrate convergence with increasing replicates and are not strongly affected by branch depth. Patterns of QS support from different phylogenies leads to a coherent understanding of ancestral branches defining key disagreements, including the relationships of Ginkgo to cycads, magnoliids to monocots and eudicots, and mosses to liverworts. The relationships of ANA grade angiosperms, major monocot groups, bryophytes, and fern families are likely highly discordant in their evolutionary histories, rather than poorly informed. QS can also detect discordance due to introgression in phylogenomic data. Conclusions The QS method represents an efficient and effective synthesis of phylogenetic tests that offer more comprehensive and specific information on branch support than conventional measures. The QS method corroborates growing evidence that phylogenomic investigations that incorporate discordance testing are warranted to reconstruct the complex evolutionary histories surrounding in particular ANA grade angiosperms, monocots, and non-vascular plants.
The respiratory system in connective tissue disorders

The connective tissue disorders (also called collagen vascular diseases) represent an heterogeneous group of immunologically mediated inflammatory disorders with a large variety of affected organs besides the lungs. The respiratory system may be involved in all its components: airways, vessels, parenchyma, pleura, respiratory muscles, etc. The frequency, clinical presentation, prognosis and response to therapy vary, depending on the pattern of involvement as well as on the underlying connective tissue disorders. The subject of this review is to describe the most frequent type of lung disorders observed in patients with connective tissue disease (CTD). We will focus on the most frequent CTD: systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, Sjogren's syndrome, dermatopolymyositis and mixed CTD.
Novel designs of 4H-SiC trench gate metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (UMOSFETs) with low on-resistance

In this paper novel 4H-SiC UMOSFETs structures with n-type wrapping region and superjunctions are proposed to reduce on-resistance while maintaining breakdown voltage. In the proposed 4H-SiC UMOSFETs structure an n-type region is created to wrap the p+ shielding region at the bottom of the trench gate. The on-resistances of the optimized 4H-SiC UMOSFETs and the conventional one are 2. 31mΩ-cm<sup>2</sup> and 3.56 mΩ-cm<sup>2</sup> at V<inf>GS</inf>=15 V and V<inf>DS</inf>=10 V respectively. The on-resistance and the FOM (figure of merit = VBR<sup>2</sup>/Ron) improve by 35.1% and 37.3% respectively. By introducing a current spreading layer (CSL)the on-resistance of the optimized 4H-SiC UMOSFETs with superjunctions is 6. 03mΩ-cm<sup>2</sup> compared with 17.36 mΩ-cm<sup>2</sup> for the conventional structure. The FOM of the optimized device with CSL is improved by 110.4% compared with the conventional one with same doping concentration.
Effects of Visual Representations on Evaluating Uncertain Data

Visualizations have been valuable tools in understanding data and discovering patterns in the data. Most visualization research to date has been focused on developing optimal visual encoding to help people better interpret data. However, previous research has been limited to understanding how visualization supports data analysis. As a result, little attention has been given to how visualization affects how people collect data. As an initial step toward studying effects of visualizations on data collection behaviors, this paper investigates how the saliency of visual representations affects on evaluation of uncertain data. ACM Classification: H5.2 [Information Visualization]: User Interfaces. Graphical user interfaces.
Dopamine D4 gene 7-repeat allele and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

OBJECTIVE Family, twin, and adoption studies show attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to have a substantial genetic component, and some studies have reported an association between ADHD and the dopamine D4 (DRD4) gene. METHOD The authors recruited 27 triads that comprised an ADHD adult, his or her spouse, and their ADHD child. These triads were assessed for ADHD, and their DNA was genotyped for DRD4 alleles. RESULTS A multiallelic transmission disequilibrium test suggested an association between ADHD and the DRD4 7-repeat allele. Among family members, the number of 7-repeat alleles predicted the diagnosis of ADHD. CONCLUSIONS Prior reports of an association between ADHD and DRD4 generalize to families recruited through clinically referred ADHD adults. However, because there are some conflicting studies, further work is needed to clarify the role of DRD4 in the etiology of the disorder.
Pacemaker lead perforation of the right ventricle associated with Moraxella phenylpyruvica infection in a dog.

CASE DESCRIPTION A 13-year-old neutered male Border Collie was presented with acute onset syncope, weakness and anorexia 10 months after transvenous pacemaker implantation. The patient was laterally recumbent, bradycardic (36 beats/min) and febrile (40.7°C) on presentation. An electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed recurrence of third-degree atrioventricular block with a ventricular escape rhythm. Fluoroscopy identified migration of the pacemaker tip through the apex of the right ventricle. Echocardiography failed to reveal any evidence of pericardial effusion or cardiac tamponade. Full postmortem was performed after euthanasia. The pacemaker lead had perforated the apex of the right ventricle and lodged in the right pleural space. Culture of blood (taken antemortem), pericardial sac, right ventricular wall (surrounding pacemaker lead), pacemaker lead tip and pericardial fluid revealed a pure growth of Moraxella phenylpyruvica. CONCLUSION Bacteraemia associated with M. phenylpyruvica has never been reported in the dog, but sporadic cases are reported in humans. Infection could have resulted from either pre-existing myocarditis or opportunistic infection and bacteraemia post pacemaker implantation. Evaluation of the pacemaker function at regular intervals would allow early detection of poor pacemaker-to-myocardium contact, which would prompt further investigation of pacemaker lead abnormalities such as perforation.
Consumption of sugars and body weight

The role of dietary sugars in the current obesity epidemic is much debated and opposing views can be found in the lay as well as scientific literature. Here we have reviewed the recent scientific literature on consumption of sugars and body weight. Main focus was on three questions: (i) What is the evidence that intake of dietary sugars is associated with higher body weight than intake of non‐sugar carbohydrates? (ii) What is the evidence that sugars in liquid form are associated with higher body weight than sugars in solid form? (iii) What is the evidence that diets with a low glycaemic index (GI) or glycaemic load (GL) are associated with lower body weight than diets high in GI or GL? We conclude that (i) there is insufficient evidence that an exchange of sugar for non‐sugar carbohydrates in the context of a reduced‐fat ad libitum diet or energy‐restricted diet results in lower body weights; (ii) observational studies suggest a possible relationship between consumption of sugar‐sweetened beverages and body weight, but there is currently insufficient supporting evidence from randomized controlled trials of sufficient size and duration; (iii) at this moment there is insufficient evidence to support a difference between liquid and solid sugar intake in body‐weight control and (iv) there is some, although not consistent, evidence for a lower body weight on diets with a lower GL, but the effect is likely to be small. There is currently no convincing evidence for a role of GI independent of GL.
Applications for ultrascale computing

Studies of complex physical and engineering systems, represented by multi-scale and multi-physics computer simulations have an increasing demand for computing power, especially when the simulations of realistic problems are considered. This demand is driven by the increasing size and complexity of the studied systems or the time constraints. Ultrascale computing systems offer a possible solution to this problem. Future ultrascale systems will be large-scale complex computing systems combining technologies from high performance computing, distributed systems, big data, and cloud computing. Thus, the challenge of developing and programming complex algorithms on these systems is twofold. Firstly, the complex algorithms have to be either developed from scratch, or redesigned in order to yield high performance, while retaining correct functional behaviour. Secondly, ultrascale computing systems impose a number of non-functional cross-cutting concerns, such as fault tolerance or energy consumption, which can significantly impact the deployment of applications on large complex systems. This article discusses the state-of-the-art of programming for current and future large scale systems with an emphasis on complex applications. We derive a number of programming and execution support requirements by studying several computing applications that the authors are currently developing and discuss their potential and necessary upgrades for ultrascale execution.