Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Formal Methods for Wireless Systems

Wireless systems consist of wireless devices which communicate with each other by means of a radio frequency channel. This networking paradigm offers much convenience, but because of the use of the wireless medium it is inherently vulnerable to many threats. As a consequence, security represents an important issue. Security mechanisms developed for wired systems present many limitations when used in a wireless context. The main problems stem from the fact that they operate in a centralised manner and under the assumption of a “closed world”. Formal techniques are therefore needed to establish a mathematically rigorous connection between modelling and security goals. In the present dissertation we apply the well-known formalism of process calculus to model the features of wireless communication. The scientific contributions are primarily theoretical. We propose a timed process calculus modelling the communication features of wireless systems and enjoying some desirable time properties. The presence of time allows us to reason about communication collisions. We also provide behavioural equivalences and we prove a number of algebraic laws. We illustrate the usability of the calculus to model the Carrier Sense Multiple Access scheme, a widely used MAC level protocol in which a device senses the channel before transmitting. We then focus on security aspects, in particular we propose a trust model for mobile ad hoc networks, composed only of mobile nodes that communicate each other without relying on any base station. We model our networks as multilevel systems because trust relations associate security levels to nodes depending on their behaviour. Then we embody this trust model in a process calculus modelling the features of ad hoc networks. Our calculus is equipped with behavioural equivalences allowing us to develop an observational theory. We ensure safety despite compromised nodes and non interference results. We then use this calculus to analyse a secure version of a leader election algorithm for ad hoc networks. We also provide an encoding of the endairA routing protocol for ad hoc networks. Finally, we extend the trust-based calculus with timing aspects to reason about the relationship between trust and time. We then apply our calculus to formalise the routing protocol ARAN for ad hoc networks.
An automatic tumor segmentation system of brain tumor from MRI based on a novel energy functional

In this paper, a novel energy functional for the level set model is proposed, which give consideration to Region and Edge characteristics of an image simultaneously (so it is called R-E model). This model is adept in dealing with heterogeneous features of MRI. Comparisons and experiments validate the performance of the R-E model. Aiming to the sensitivity to initial contours of all the active contours models including R-E model, an automatic segmentation system is developed to identify tumor-dominant slice and set proper initial contour automatically. And then R-E model is applied to segment tumor’s contours from all MRI slices autonomously. The automatic segmentation system is applicable to all active contour models. MRI brain tumor data are applied to validate the R-E model and the automatic segmentation system.
Security and User Interface Usability of Graphical Authentication Systems – A Review

Alphanumeric text and PINs continue to be the dominant authentication methods in spite of the numerous concerns by security researchers of their inability to properly address usability and security flaws and to effectively combine usability and security. These flaws have, however, contributed to the growing research interest in the development and use of graphical authentication systems as alternatives to text based systems. Graphical passwords or graphical authentication systems are password systems that use images rather than characters or numbers in user authentication. In spite of the growing acceptance of graphical passwords, empirical studies have shown that graphical authentication systems have also inherited some of the flaws of text-based passwords. These flaws include predictability, vulnerability to observational attacks and the inability of systems to efficiently combine security with usability. Hence, there is a continued quest to find a „system‟ that has both strong usability and strong security. This paper is a detailed review of the current state of research into graphical authentication systems. The paper considers in detail some of the mechanisms used in graphical authentication, along with the flaws and strengths of each. The paper also concludes with some suggested ways forward.
A resilient scheme for a flexible smart grid using transformation optimization towards sustainable energy

The transmission line is the most vulnerable element of any electrical power system due to its large physical dimension. This paper focused on identification of simple power system fault using wavelet based analysis of transmission line parameter disturbances for quick and reliable operation of protection schemes. The fault detection is disbursed by the assay of the detail coefficients activity of appearance currents. Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) examination of the transient aggravation created as an aftereffect of event shortcomings is performed. The result shows that the proposed method detects the fault very quickly and accurately. Simulation results are presented showing the selection of proper threshold value for fault detection. An embedded intelligence is inserted into the power-electronics to facilitate the reconfiguration of the system, and thereby ensuring security
Image Database Retrieval Methods Based on Feature Histograms

II PREFACE.III LIST OF PUBLICATIONS . IV LIST OF FIGURES.VI LIST OF TABLES.VIII LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. IX TABLE OF CONTENTS . X
Use of myoelectric signals to recognize speech

It has been determined that the myoelectric signals (MES) from muscles associated with speech that are obtained using surface electrodes can be used to recognize speech at approximately five times a priori. The results of ten experiments have been evaluated using a maximum-likelihood recognition scheme and have consistently yielded similar recognition accuracy among several subjects. Individual word recognition from a ten-word set has approached 60%. Parameters studied have included energy, magnitude, and trial deviation. The results suggest that accuracies at a level suitable for use in a vocal prosthesis will require the development of a hybrid recognition algorithm utilizing either statistical and heuristic word separation or neural nets. <<ETX>>
A Data Vortex Switch for Optical Packet Switching

This thesis studies the application of a novel Data Vortex packet switch architecture in optical packet switched networks. Data Vortex principle of operation and characteristics are presented and its principal features and requirements are identified. The Data Vortex performance is evaluated by means of extensive computer simulations. Performance parameters such as the throughput, latency and latency distribution are analyzed in order to assess the Data Vortex efficiency and possible application in optical packet switching. Our results show that the generic Data Vortex, though feasible for packet switching, introduces a degree of latency. As a solution to this issue, we propose a new Data Vortex architecture that is much more efficient than the generic one. The new operation introduced results in a remarkable improvement in the latency performance and it is attractive for a compact optical packet switch realization both for telecom and supercomputing applications. Furthermore, the use of electroabsorption modulator technology is proposed for Data Vortex nodes implementation, taking into consideration the requirements imposed in terms of fast switching time, simplicity and prospect of integrability in a photonic circuit. Finally, we present the use of the Data Vortex switch for the optical packet switching scheme known as Photonic Slot Routing. The use of the Data Vortex as a Photonic Slot Routing switching node, results in a promising approach for bandwidth and cost efficient networks.
Long-term cosmetic outcomes after robotic/endoscopic thyroidectomy by a gasless unilateral axillo-breast or axillary approach.

BACKGROUND Although the excellent short-term cosmesis after robotic/endoscopic thyroidectomy has been reported, the long-term cosmetic outcome is not yet known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term cosmetic outcome of robotic/endoscopic thyroidectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We compared 147 patients who underwent robotic or endoscopic thyroidectomy using a gasless unilateral axillo-breast (GUAB) approach or a gasless unilateral axillary (GUA) approach with 161 conventional open thyroidectomy patients. Subjective cosmetic outcomes were evaluated using a series of scar-specific questions as well as the Vancouver scar scale at 12-18 months after surgery. The cosmetic satisfaction score was defined as the sum of the two cosmetic satisfaction questions with a rating scale of 1-5. The scar consciousness score was defined as the sum of the four scar consciousness questions with a rating scale of 0-3. RESULTS The cosmetic satisfaction and scar consciousness scores were significantly better in the robotic/endoscopic group than in the open group (P<.001 in both). The cosmetic satisfaction and scar consciousness scores were the same in the robotic and endoscopic groups and were also the same in the GUA and GUAB approach groups. Patients treated by the GUA approach were more satisfied with their scarless breasts than patients treated by the GUAB approach having breast scars. CONCLUSIONS Long-term postoperative cosmesis after robotic/endoscopic thyroidectomy using GUAB/GUA approaches is significantly better than conventional open thyroidectomy. In the robotic/endoscopic group, the scarless breasts resulting from the GUA approach lead to greater satisfaction than those after the GUAB approach.
Sliding mode control for altitude and attitude stabilization of quadrotor
 UAV with external disturbance

This paper addresses the problem of robust altitude and attitude control of ‘×’ mode configuration quadrotor UAV using Lyapunov stability based sliding mode control with saturation function. The dynamic model of the quadrotor was derived by considering nonlinearity factor. MATLAB Simulink was used to simulate the model in two different conditions; without and with the presence of external disturbance. This was done to test the robustness of the control method. Simulation results showed that the sliding mode controller provides good performance and robustness against disturbance.
Optimal Decision Rules for the Procurement, Repair, or Disposal of Spare Parts

Abstract : A theoretical analysis of a fundamental Air Force logistics problem is presented, namely the procurement-repair-disposal tradeoff. This study should be of interest to mathematicians and other technical analysts concerned with the use of mathematical techniques in programming and planning problems. This study contains an unusual application of dynamic programming. In most such applications, the programming problem is to determine the value of a single policy variable; whereas in this study, the values of two policy variables are simultaneously determined. The simplifying assumptions used in th model do not distort the problem unduly, and it is possible to relax them if future research indicates the desirability of doing so. (Author)
The Photoacoustic Spectral Reconstruction Method

We describe a spectral approach for inversion of photoacoustic data with multi-wavelength pulsed laser illumination. Multi-spectral photoacoustic tomography (PAT) provides a means of recovery of different chromophore concentrations and ultrasound velocity simultaneously and directly by incorporating prior spectral information into the image reconstruction process. It is demonstrated from clinical experiments that the multi-parameter recovery based on multi-spectral PAT is reliable and accurate. The reconstructed multiple parameter images may provide us a key tool to quantify physiological function, disease progression, or response to intervention.
Tweeting Links to Academic Articles

Academic articles are now frequently tweeted and so Twitter seems to be a useful tool for scholars to use to help keep up with publications and discussions in their fields. Perhaps as a result of this, tweet counts are increasingly used by digital libraries and journal websites as indicators of an article's interest or impact. Nevertheless, it is not known whether tweets are typically positive, neutral or critical, or how articles are normally tweeted. These are problems for those wishing to tweet articles effectively and for those wishing to know whether tweet counts in digital libraries should be taken seriously. In response, a pilot study content analysis was conducted of 270 tweets linking to articles in four journals, four digital libraries and two DOI URLs, collected over a period of eight months in 2012. The vast majority of the tweets echoed an article title (42%) or a brief summary (41%). One reason for summarising an article seemed to be to translate it for a general audience. Few tweets explicitly praised an article and none were critical. Most tweets did not directly refer to the article author, but some did and others were clearly self-citations. In summary, tweets containing links to scholarly articles generally provide little more than publicity, and so whilst tweet counts may provide evidence of the popularity of an article, the contents of the tweets themselves are unlikely to give deep insights into scientists' reactions to publications, except perhaps in special cases.
A Proposal of Identifying Optimized Layout of Devices in Electromagnetic Resonant Coupling Type Wireless Power Transfer System

Recently, a system for wireless power transfer (WPT) using electromagnetic resonant coupling has been evaluated and developed for practical applications such as a wireless charge system for automobiles or electronic devices. However, the efficiency of an electromagnetic resonant coupling type WPT system with LC resonators is greatly affected by the layout of the LC resonators allocated in the system. This means that there is an optimum layout for the LC resonators for transferring wireless power at higher efficiency. This paper presents a new method for identifying the optimum layout for the LC resonators in a WPT system. One of the key ideas is that the problem of finding the optimum layout is replaced by the problem of calculating the equivalent current sources in the LC resonators. The amplitude of the equivalent current sources can be calculated to solve ill‐posed system equations by using inverse analysis. First, the proposed method is described. The system equations to be solved are formulated by means of equivalent circuit techniques. Second, the proposed method is applied to a simplified model to identify the optimum layout for the LC resonators in a WPT system. Then, the results found using the proposed method are verified by comparing the ratio of receiving power with the identified layout and without the LC resonator. Finally, in order to verify the validity of the proposed method, the calculated results are compared with the experiment results using the same model.
Templatic metathesis in Tigre imperatives*

In the paradigms of certain Tigre verbs, the final stem consonant and the vocalic suffix metathesise in some configurations. In this short paper, this is analysed as a hiatus-resolving strategy. The limits and consequences of this strategy are shown to follow from the representation of verbs, in an analysis conducted within CVCV phonology and Element Theory.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SYNCHRONOUS 4-BIT UP COUNTER USING 180NM CMOS PROCESS TECHNOLOGY

In this paper design of synchronous 4-bit up counter is proposed using master-slave negative pulse-triggered D flip-flops. The master slave D flip-flop is implemented using 8 nand gates and an inverter. The counter is provided with additional synchronous clear and count enable inputs. The main objective is to optimize the layout of the synchronous 4-bit up counter in terms of area. The design is implemented using Cadence Virtuoso schematic editor and simulated using Cadence Virtuoso analog design environment at 180nm CMOS process technology. The optimized layout of the counter is designed using Cadence Virtuoso Layout Suite. The counter has transistor count of 210. The estimated power of the counter is 97. 90μW and delay is 20.39ns.
A 6-GHz integrated phase-locked loop using AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors

A fully integrated 6-GHz phase-locked-loop (PLL) fabricated using AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) is described. The PLL is intended for use in multigigabit-per-second clock recovery circuits for fiber-optic communication systems. The PLL circuit consists of a frequency quadrupling ring voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), a balanced phase detector, and a lag-lead loop filter. The closed-loop bandwidth is approximately 150 MHz. The tracking range was measured to be greater than 750 MHz at zero steady-state phase error. The nonaided acquisition range is approximately 300 MHz. This circuit is the first monolithic HBT PLL and is the fastest yet reported using a digital output VCO. The minimum emitter area was 3 mu m*10 mu m with f/sub t/=22 GHz and f/sub max/=30 GHz for a bias current of 2 mA. The speed of the PLL can be doubled by using 1- mu m*10- mu m emitters in next-generation circuits. The chip occupies a die area of 2-mm*3-mm and dissipates 800 mW with a supply voltage of -8 V. >
A novel approach for integrating feature and instance selection

As important machine learning problems, feature and instance selection have faced relevant improvements in the quality of the algorithms that solve them individually. However, little work has been done to implement ways to solve them simultaneously. In this paper, we introduce an algorithm that combines solutions for both problems, using a simple adaptation of the simulated annealing metaheuristic. Our empirical evaluation shows that, when time constraints are present, our algorithm outperforms other similar strategies.
Research on Microservice Anomaly Detection Technology Based on Conditional Random Field

Recently, the existing microservice anomaly detection methods which mainly monitor the system metrics and analyze the system logs have low efficiency and consume much time. This paper proposes a microservice anomaly detection method based on Conditional Random Field(CRF). The method takes the collected system parameters such as CPU utilization, memory utilization, bandwidth occupancy as the characteristic values of the observation sequence, and labels the abnormal types of the sequences corresponding to the feature values, and then creates the microservice fault matrix. Operators can quickly retrieve the specific anomaly information of the microservice error according to the microservice fault matrix. Compared with the traditional Hidden Markov Model-based detection method, this method can find the abnormal sequence corresponding to the observation sequence in the global scope. The experimental results show that the method proposed by this paper can accurately find the faults in the microservice system, and the accuracy and recall rate are relatively high.
Mathematical Modeling and Parameter Estimation of Battery Lifetime using a Combined Electrical Model and a Genetic Algorithm

In this paper, a parametrization methodology based on the Genetic Algorithm meta-heuristic is proposed for the Chen and Rincón-Mora model parameter estimation, this model is used for the mathematical modeling of the Lithium-ion Polymer batteries lifetime. The model is also parametrized using the conventional procedures, which is based on the visual analysis of pulsed discharge curves, as presented in the literature. For both parametrization procedures, and for the model validation, experimental data obtained from a platform test are used. The results show that the proposed Genetic Algorithm is able to parametrize the model with better efficacy, presenting lower mean error, and also is a more agile process than the conventional one, been less subject to subjective aspects.
Delayed response protocols for high-delay wireless networks

Delayed Response Protocols for High-Delay Wireless Networks (December 2002) Nauzad Erach Sadry, B.E. , Bombay University, India Co-Chairs of Advisory Committee: Dr. Donald Friesen Dr. A. L. Narsimha Reddy Wireless networks have become more prevalent over the last few years. These networks introduce different types of errors, which are due to the unpredictable nature of the wireless channel. The congestion control algorithms of existing TCP protocols assume packet losses are due to congestion and hence are not suitable to handle such channel errors. In this thesis, we present a novel approach to handle channel errors. Our approach uses the link-level retransmission capability at the base station and deliberately delays the sender’s response to any packet loss. It is expected that this delay would allow the link level retransmissions to overcome the channel errors. The transport layer would only have to handle congestion losses after the delay. We have provided the framework for this class of protocols and examined two cases in particular. We have run simulations on the ns-2 platform to show that these protocols can provide better network throughput under various conditions and network settings.
Recreation of architectural structures using procedural modeling based on volumes

While the procedural modeling of buildings and other architectural structures has evolved very significantly in recent years, there is noticeable absence of high-level tools that allow a designer, an artist or an historian, creating important buildings or architectonic structures in a particular city. In this paper we present a tool for creating buildings in a simple and clear, following rules that use the language and methodology of creating their own buildings, and hiding the user the algorithmic details of the creation of the model.
Geometric current component in charge-pumping measurements

A detailed experimental and modeling study of the geometric current component in charge pumping measurements is carried out for bulk MOSFETs. Nand p-channel devices with various gate lengths and widths are studied. Electron and hole components in the charge-pumping current are separated by applying five terminal measurements. A transient two-dimensional numerical model is used for a rigorous analysis of the effect. A one-dimensional semi-analytical model of the free-carrier removal from the channel is developed and applied with proper boundary conditions at the channel ends. The usually applied results from the CCD-theory are found to be inadequate to model the geometric component in MOSFETs. The proposed semi-analytical model enables understanding of all effects observed in experiments and numerical modeling, and provides results which quantitatively agree with numerically calculated curves. The impact of the inversion gate bias, the pulse fail (rise) time and the junction reverse bias on the geometric component is explained. Both experiments and modeling show that the turn-off slew rate is the only parameter of the gate pulse practically relevant for the magnitude of the geometric component.
De novo ligand evolution using bayesian optimization algorithms

Ligand optimization by computer simulation is becoming popular in drug design process to reduce cost of the chemical experiments. This paper presents a novel approach generating optimal ligand structures from scratch employing Bayesian optimization algorithm to realize an automated design of drug and other chemical structures. The proposed approach based on de novo ligand evolution optimizes structure of ligands by adding fragments to the base structure employing Bayesian optimization algorithm which is a promising approach in probabilistic model-building genetic algorithms. We show the effectiveness of our approach compared to the conventional approach using classical genetic algorithms.