Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oligarchy as a Trade Union Default Setting: A Structural Re-examination of Union Democracy in Turkey

From the earliest days of the labor movement, rank-and-file members’ supposed democratic control over their trade unions has been a constant problem due to certain sociological factors that reinforce oligarchy in organizations, and the five-decade Turkish experience of free unionism has proven to be no exception to this general tendency. This article first of all discusses the basics of union democracy as a concept and clarifies the fundamental difficulties for its consolidation. Secondly, it examines the post-1982 Turkish context of unionism structurally and procedurally on the issues of centralism, union organs, delegation and workplace representation, and asserts that the union organizational structure in Turkey further reinforces oligarchical rule, preventing the emergence of opposition and leadership contention within large unions. It also discusses the current structural provisions that support or hinder union democracy in a direct manner under the Trade Unions and Collective Labor Agreements Act No. 6356 regime in comparison to the former union laws.
Bayesian analysis of weak gravitational lensing and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich data for six galaxy clusters

We present an analysis of observations made with the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager (AMI) and the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) of six galaxy clusters in a redshift range of 0.16–0.41. The cluster gas is modelled using the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) data provided by AMI, while the total mass is modelled using the lensing data from the CFHT. In this paper, we (i) find very good agreement between SZ measurements (assuming large-scale virialization and a gas-fraction prior) and lensing measurements of the total cluster masses out to r200; (ii) perform the first multiple-component weak-lensing analysis of A115; (iii) confirm the unusual separation between the gas and mass components in A1914 and (iv) jointly analyse the SZ and lensing data for the relaxed cluster A611, confirming our use of a simulation-derived mass–temperature relation for parametrizing measurements of the SZ effect.
On the Research of Adaptive Frequency Hopping in the Wireless Communication

The multipath fading and interference problems in the wireless communication lead to the link quality decrease severely. However, the conventional frequency hopping scheme cannot solve the problems in an effective way. Adaptive frequency hopping scheme, which is based on the automatically link quality analysis, can avoid the bad frequencies and guarantee the desired level of channel quality. The system is analyzed based on the adaptive frequency hopping model equipped with link quality analyzer which is different from the traditional one. In the paper, some newly proposed adaptive frequency hopping schemes have been summarized, which provide an important reference for the practical application.
Populism in Indonesia and its Threats to Democracy

This paper discusses the emergence of populist movements in Indonesia and its influence on Indonesian democracy. As in some democratic countries, populism also becomes one of Indonesia's political traits. Although not exactly the same as the general models of populism in the West, Indonesian populist figures such as Joko Widodo and Prabowo Subianto have enough political appeal. Both use populist style in 2014 presidential election. Another less known populist movement is Islamic populism that has long historical roots and sticking to the 2017 Jakarta Gubernatorial election. In contrast to the extreme right and left populists in Europe and Latin America, the Indonesian populist tradition is new, not yet having a clear program and divided. In this context, populism has not threatened democracy even it can channel people direct interests. Nevertheless, in the long run the potential threat of populism to democracy cannot be underestimated primarily because of the authoritarianism tendency in populist figures to challenge democracy principles. Similarly, massive populist campaigns can strengthen the formation of group identity that disrupts the social relations in society. Keywords—populism; Indonesia democracy; Jokowi; Prabowo; Islamic populism.
Isolation, bioinformatic analysis and tissue expression profile of a novel water buffalo gene- MFG-E8

Abstract. Milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8 ( MFG-E8 ) is a milk membrane-associated glycoprotein, which plays a critical role in phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells and mammary gland development, involution and remodeling. In the present study, the complete CDS of water buffalo MFG-E8 was obtained and characterized. The genetic variations of nine water buffalo were investigated. Further, the tissue expression profile was carried out using Quantitative real-time PCR method. The full-length coding region of MFG-E8 from water buffalo tissues consists of 1296 nucleotides, which encodes 431 amino acids with a molecular weight of 47.85 kDa and a pI of 7.02. Bioinformatic prediction indicates that the MFG-E8 protein contains one signal peptide, two repeated EGF-like domains in its N-terminal side and two repeated discoidinlike Factor 5/Factor 8 domains in its amino acids. The sequence homology analysis in Bovidae family revealed that the coding region of water buffalo MFG-E8 had 98.5, 98.3, 93.9, and 88.0 % identity with that of cattle, yak, goat and sheep. There was no polymorphism found in water buffalo, but there existed five nucleotide differences between water buffalo and other bovine species. The phylogenetic tree based on the amino acid sequences of MFG-E8 from thirteen species revealed that buffalo had a closer genetic relationship with the species of Bovidae family. Real-time PCR analysis showed that water buffalo MFG-E8 gene was expressed in various tissues, but at different levels. The expression levels of this gene were higher in the mammary gland than in other tissues, suggesting that the MFG-E8 protein plays a role in mammary gland functions.
An Investigation on the Correlation between Workplace Spirituality and Psychological Empowerment (A Case Study of the Employee of Governmental Organizations in Kerman)

Study of workplace spirituality is an emergent phenomenon, capable of assisting individuals towards the incorporation and integration of their work, life, and spirituality can equip the hours of their working lives with meaning and direction, which consequently will create increased joy, equilibrium, and meaningfulness. Moreover, empowerment is considered for managers as the most important challenge of the present time. Empowered employees, adopting the components of empowerment, will be enabled to save the organization from crises, and portray their commitment and loyalty to the organization through creating golden business opportunities. The present study is mainly concerned with the investigation of the correlation between workplace spirituality and employee psychological empowerment in governmental organizations in Kerman. The statistical population includes the entire employee members working at the governmental organizations in Kerman, totaling 1,915 subjects. A total of 310 individuals were, ultimately, selected through stratified random sampling method proportional to the size of the population, and by employing Cochran formula. The utilized instruments were two questionnaires of workplace spirituality and psychological empowerment, reliability and validity of both of which have been calculated. The collected data was, then, analyzed using SPSS and adopting methods of descriptive statistics (mean, median, frequency tables, and different diagrams) as well as inferential statistics (Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients, regression and partial correlation). The results were indicative of a significant relationship between workplace spirituality and psychological empowerment. Furthermore, more accurate investigations show that there is a significant relationship between the components of workplace spirituality (feelings of connectedness, alignment with the values and meaningfulness in the workplace) and those of empowerment (competence, meaningfulness, autonomy, effectiveness, and trust), highlighting the fact that workplace spirituality is among the important factors as far as employee empowerment is being discussed.
A Web Based Method for Measuring Semantic Relatedness between Words

Semantic relatedness measures play important roles in many fields, such as information retrieval and Nature Language Processing. There are mainly two kinds of traditional methods to measure semantic relatedness: dictionary based and corpus based. However, with the development of information technology, web search engine is used to do this work. In this paper, we propose a method integrating page counts and web-based kernel function for measuring semantic relatedness between words. It gets a better result than using page counts and web-based kernel function alone. Experimental results show Spearman rank correlation coefficient can reach 0.63 and Correlation reach 0.724.
Affective Biases in Likelihood Perception: A Possible Role of Experimental Demand in Mood

Abstract Studies have found that positive moods are associated with more optimistic likelihood estimates than are negative moods. However, it is still unclear whether these effects can be attributed to the direct influ-ence of mood and to which extent they could be at least partially explained in terms of application of naive theories. In Experiment 1, we observed mood congruence-like effects among participants who were simply asked to apply their naive theories regarding the effects of mood on likelihood estimates. Experiment 2 revealed that mood congruence effects (moods being manipulated) were obtained only when participants were not constrained to respond honestly. 8IFOQBSUJDJQBOUTHBWFUIFJSFTUJ-mates under bogus pipeline, they no longer showed mood congru-ence effects. These findings suggest Affective Biases in Likelihood Perception: A Possible Role of Experimental Demand in Mood Congruence Effects Influences de l’affect sur la perception des probabilites : un possible role de la demande experimentale dans les effets de congruence
Galactic googly: the rotation-metallicity bias in the inner stellar halo of the Milky Way

The first and second moments of stellar velocities encode important information about the formation history of the Galactic halo. However, due to the lack of tangential motion and inaccurate distances of the halo stars, the velocity moments in the Galactic halo have largely remained "known unknowns". Fortunately, our off-centric position within the Galaxy allows us to estimate these moments in the galacto-centric frame using the observed radial velocities of the stars alone. We use these velocities coupled with the Hierarchical Bayesian scheme, which allows easy marginalisation over the missing data (the proper-motion, and uncertainty-free distance and line-of-sight velocity), to measure the velocity dispersions, orbital anisotropy ($\beta$) and streaming motion ($v_{\rm rot}$) of the halo main-sequence turn-off (MSTO) and K-giant (KG) stars in the inner stellar halo (r $\lesssim 15$ kpc). We study the metallicity bias in kinematics of the halo stars and observe that the comparatively metal-rich ([Fe/H]$>-1.4$) and the metal-poor ([Fe/H]$\leq - 1.4$) MSTO samples show a clear systematic difference in $v_{\rm rot} \sim 20-40$ km s$^{-1}$, depending on how restrictive the spatial cuts to cull the disk contamination are. The bias is also detected in KG samples but with less certainty. Both MSTO and KG populations suggest that the inner stellar halo of the Galaxy is radially biased i.e. $\sigma_r>\sigma_\theta$ or $\sigma_\phi$ and $\beta \simeq 0.5$. The apparent metallicity contrariety in the rotation velocity among the halo sub-populations supports the co-existence of multiple populations in the galactic halo that may have formed through distinct formation scenarios, i.e. in-situ versus accretion.
Gas hydrates at the Storegga Slide: Constraints from an analysis of multicomponent, wide-angle seismic data

Geophysical evidence for gas hydrates is widespread along the northern flank of the Storegga Slide on the mid-Norwegian margin. Bottom-simulating reflectors (BSR) at the base of the gas hydrate stability zone cover an area of approximately 4000 km 2 , outside but also inside the Storegga Slide scar area. Traveltime inversion and forward modeling of multicomponent wide-angle seismic data result in detailed P- and S-wave velocities of hydrate- and gas-bearing sediment layers. The relationship between the velocities constrains the background velocity model for a hydrate-free, gas-free case. The seismic velocities indicate that hydrate concentrations in the pore space of sediments range between 3% and 6% in a zone that is as much as 50 m thick overlying the BSR. Hydrates are most likely disseminated, neither cementing the sediment matrix nor affecting the stiffness of the matrix noticeably. Average free-gas concentrations beneath the hydrate stability zone are approximately 0.4% to 0.8% of the pore volume, assuming a homogeneous gas distribution. The free-gas zone underneath the BSR is about 80 m thick. Amplitude and reflectivity analyses suggest a rather complex distribution of gas along specific sedimentary strata rather than along the base of the gas hydrate stability zone (BGHS). This gives rise to enhanced reflections that terminate at the BGHS. The stratigraphic control on gas distribution forces the gas concentration to increase slightly with depth at certain locations. Gas-bearing layers can be as thin as 2 m.
Meeting in the Dark Room: Bayesian Rational Analysis and Hierarchical Predictive Coding

At least two distinct modeling frameworks contribute to the view that mind and brain are Bayesian: Bayesian Rational Analysis (BRA) and Hierarchical Predictive Coding (HPC). What is the relative contribution of each, and how exactly do they relate? In order to answer this question, we compare the way in which these two modeling frameworks address different levels of analysis within Marr’s tripartite hierarchy for explanation in cognitive science. Whereas BRA answers questions at the computational level only, many HPC-theorists answer questions at the computational, algorithmic, and implementational levels simultaneously. Given that all three levels of analysis need to be addressed in order to explain a behavioral or cognitive phenomenon, HPC seems to deliver more complete explanations. Nevertheless, BRA is well-suited for providing a solution to the dark room problem, a major theoretical obstacle for HPC. A combination of the two approaches also combines the benefits of an embodied-externalistic approach to resolving the dark room problem with the idea of a persisting evidentiary border beyond which matters are out of cognitive reach. For this reason, the development of explanations spanning all three Marrian levels within the general Bayesian approach will require combining the BRA and HPC modeling frameworks.
Learning to read for the first time as adult immigrants in Finland : Reviewing pertinent research of low-literate or non-literate learners’ literacy acquisition and computer-assisted literacy training

Against the backdrop of increasing global humanitarian migration to highly literate countries and the resulting necessity and challenge to provide language and literacy education to non-literate or low-literate adult second language (L2) learners, this article calls for more research on a new population of late literacy learners, particularly in Finland. The article begins by outlining the pressing necessity for research on this special group of L2 learners who has traditionally been ignored by Second Language Acquisition (SLA) research. It will then go on to illuminate essential components of developing reading literacy, drawing on relevant previous research on pre-literates. Further, the role of orthography, in particular the shallow transparency of the Finnish language, are critically examined with regard to alphabetic literacy. As adult non-literacy is a relatively new phenomenon in the highly literate society of Finland, there is a scarcity of research on how non-literate adults acquire Finnish. Growing academic interest and emerging Literacy Education and Second Language Learning for Adults with little or no schooling (LESLLA) research in Finland, with focus on reading literacy skills, is presented and discussed. The article highlights the possibilities of technology to enhance the individual literacy process for LESLLA learners and presents the Digital Literacy Instructor (DigLin) as one technology-enhanced practice environment for the very first steps in learning to decode the alphabetic code. Finally, conclusions on LESLLA learners’ late literacy acquisition and a future research perspective are drawn, emphasizing the potential of computer-assisted language learning (CALL).
Testing Among Competing Explanations for the Inverse Productivity Puzzle

We use plot-level data from ICRISAT to assess competing explanations for an old empirical regularity–the inverse relationship between land productivity and farm size. The panel nature of the data is explored to refuse explanations based on plot fixed characteristics. Farmers cropping multiple plots simultaneously are used to test (and reject) explanations based on household heterogeneity. We are then left with explanations based on time-varying plot features or measurement errors in the plot size. Theoretically, the input choices should reflect both plot-specific features and the true plot size. Empirically, the inverse relationship vanishes when we control for input use.
EFFECT OF VANADIUM REPLACEMENT BY ZIRCONIUM ON THE ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF Ti6Al4V ALLOY IN RINGER'S SOLUTION

The electrochemical behaviour of Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al4Zr alloys has been evaluated in Ringer's solution at 25 0 C. The effect of the substitution of vanadium in Ti6Al4V alloy has been specifically addressed. The evaluation of the corrosion resistance was carried out through the analysis of the open circuit potential variation with time, potentiodynamic polarization curves, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests. Very low current densities were obtained (order of nA/cm 2 ) from the polarization curves and EIS, indicating a typical passive behaviour for both investigated alloys. The EIS results exhibited capacitive behaviour (large corrosion resistance) with phase angle close to -80 0 and high impedance values (order of 10 5 Ω cm 2 ) at low and medium frequencies, which are indicative of the formation of a highly stable film on these alloys in Ringer’s solution. In conclusion, the electrochemical behaviour of Ti6Al4V is not affected on substituting vanadium with zirconium.
Interspecific variation in fear responses predicts urbanization in birds

Urbanization and domestication share features in terms of characters that are favored by selection. These include loss of fear of humans, reduced corticosterone levels, prolonged breeding seasons, and several others. Here, I test the hypothesis that urbanization results from differential colonization of urban areas by species with heterogeneous levels of fear in the ancestral rural populations, followed by a reduction in variance in fear responses with a subsequent increase in diversity of fear responses as urban populations become adapted to the urban environment. Using information on variance in flight initiation distances (FIDs) when approached by a human, I show that rural populations of birds characterized by short mean flight distances and large variances in flight distances differentially colonized urban areas. As a consequence of this urban invasion, urban populations lost variation in FID. The variance in FID was initially larger in rural than in urban populations but eventually became larger in urban populations with time since urbanization. This secondary increase in variance in FID of urban populations was associated with an increase in population density of urban populations, suggesting that as birds became adapted to urban areas, they secondarily gained variance in behavioral flexibility. Copyright 2010, Oxford University Press.
Multiscale Computational Simulation of Amorphous Silicates’ Structural, Dielectric, and Vibrational Spectroscopic Properties

Silicates are among the most abundant and important inorganic materials, not only in the Earth’s crust, but also in the interstellar medium in the form of micro/nanoparticles or embedded in the matrices of comets, meteorites, and other asteroidal bodies. Although the crystalline phases of silicates are indeed present in nature, amorphous forms are also highly abundant. Here, we report a theoretical investigation of the structural, dielectric, and vibrational properties of the amorphous bulk for forsterite (Mg2SiO4) as a silicate test case by a combined approach of classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for structure evolution and periodic quantum mechanical Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations for electronic structure analysis. Using classical MD based on an empirical partial charge rigid ionic model within a melt-quenching scheme at different temperatures performed with the GULP 4.0 code, amorphous bulk structures for Mg2SiO4 were generated using the crystalline phase as the initial guess. This has been done for bulk structures with three different unit cell sizes, adopting a super-cell approach; that is, 1 × 1 × 2, 2 × 1 × 2, and 2 × 2 × 2. The radial distribution functions indicated a good degree of amorphization of the structures. Periodic B3LYP-geometry optimizations performed with the CRYSTAL14 code on the generated amorphous systems were used to analyze their structure; to calculate their high-frequency dielectric constants (ε∞); and to simulate their IR, Raman, and reflectance spectra, which were compared with the experimental and theoretical crystalline Mg2SiO4. The most significant changes of the physicochemical properties of the amorphous systems compared to the crystalline ones are presented and discussed (e.g., larger deviations in the bond distances and angles, broadening of the IR bands, etc.), which are consistent with their disordered nature. It is also shown that by increasing the unit cell size, the bulk structures present a larger degree of amorphization.