Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Configurational forces in cyclic metal plasticity

The configurational force concept is known to describe adequately the crack driving force in linear fracture mechanics. It seems to represent the crack driving force also for the case of elastic-plastic material properties. The latter has been recognized on the basis of thermodynamical considerations. In metal plasticity, real materials exhibit hardening eﬀects when suﬃciently large loads are applied. Von Mises yield function with isotropic and kinematic hardening is a common assumption in many models. Kinematic and isotropic hardening turn out to be very important whenever cyclic loading histories are applied. This holds equally regardless of whether the induced deformations are homogeneous or non-homogeneous. The aim of the present paper is to discuss the eﬀect of nonlinear isotropic and kinematic hardening on the response of the configurational forces and related parameters in elastic-plastic fracture problems.
Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Acinetobacter spp in the period 2012-2015

Introduction. Representatives of the genus Acinetobacter have become an important cause of hospital-acquired infections due to their great ability to survive and spread in a hospital environment, as well as rapid development of resistance to many antibiotics. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of nosocomial infections caused by Acinetobacter spp among patients hospitalized at the Clinic of Infectious Diseases of the Clinical Center of Vojvodina; determine the presence and prevalence of resistance to antimicrobials in strains Acinetobacter spp, isolated from patient materials routinely sampled at the Clinic of Infectious Diseases of the Clinical Center of Vojvodina in the period January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2015. Material and Methods. A retrospective study included 1.673 patients with infectious diseases of bacterial etiology treated at the Clinic of Infectious Diseases of the Clinical Center of Vojvodina. The analysis of blood cultures, urine, cerebrospinal fluid culture, wound/decubitus swab, throat swabs, cannula/ tube swabs, and bronchial aspirate was performed to establish the incidence of infections caused by Acinetobacter spp and antimicrobial resistance. Results. During the four-year research, Acinetobacter spp was isolated from blood samples in 14/260 (5.4%), urine in 6/198 (3.0%), cerebrospinal fluid in 2/43 (4.7%), wound/decubitus swabs in 33/128 (25.8%), throat swabs in 14/124 (11.3%) cannula/ tube swabs and bronchial aspirate in 32/72 (44.4%) samples. The isolates of Acinetobacter spp showed the highest susceptibility to colistin (100%). Resistance to carbapenems and piperacillin/tazobactam accounted for nearly 100% in all tested isolates, while resistance to other antibiotics was over 63.6%, except to tobramycin whose resistance accounted for 11.1%. Conclusion. Representatives of the genus Acinetobacter are a common cause of nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients. Acinetobacter spp is only sensitive to colistin (100%), while it is resistant in various percentages to all other tested antibiotics.
Foraging Ecology and Diurnal Activity Patterns of Klipspringer (Oreotragus oreotragus) in Yetefet Woyenat Forest, East Gojjam, Ethiopia

The foraging ecology and diurnal activity patterns of the klipspringer (Oreotragus oreotragus) were studied in Yetefet Woyenat Forest from September 2017 to August 2018 during the dry and wet seasons. Data were collected by visual observation using focal and scan sampling methods. The result indicated that klipspringers were observed feeding on grasses, herbs, trees, and shrubs, but were primarily browsers during both wet and dry seasons. Carissa edulis was the most consumed plant species in the study area, followed by Rosa abyssinica and Maytenus arbutifolia. Despite moderate ambient temperatures, klipspringers were mostly active during early morning and late afternoon, feeding 45.56% of the daylight hours during the dry season and 43.75% during the wet season. Klipspringers were facing threats due to human activities in the study area. Thus, appropriate conservation measures should be taken to reduce disturbance of their ecology.
Doctor Who, Ma’am: YouTube Reactions to the 2017 Reveal of the New Doctor

In 2017, BBC released a video revealing that Jodie Whittaker would be the actor to play the thirteenth Doctor in the 2018 season of Doctor Who (1963–), the popular BBC television series. The “reveal” that a woman had been cast in the role of the Doctor prompted an overwhelming backlash and fierce online discussion. The same period saw a number of popular films and series cast women as leads. The intense discussion that the reveal generated indicates that televisual representations of gender continue to matter greatly to viewers. The question is how? Fan comments posted below the reveal video on YouTube suggest that viewing publics are less engaged in a controversy over feminism than bewildered by gender categories becoming unstable. Notably, once the series aired, discussion about the Doctor’s gender died down. Seeing the Doctor addressed as “Ma’am,” it turned out, was not what upset viewers.
Utilisation du HMF en réactions multicomposantes : Accès rapide vers de nouvelles cibles en chimie fine

L’utilisation de matieres premieres renouvelables pour la production de produits chimiques est un enjeu majeur de l’industrie chimique. Elle vise a repondre aux contraintes environnementales et economiques de disponibilite des ressources fossiles et de limitation de l’empreinte carbone des produits chimiques. Il existe une famille de molecules fonctionnelles directement issues de la biomasse denommees « molecules plateforme ». Parmi elles, le 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), porteur d’une fonction aldehyde, un motif furanique et un groupe CH2OH, est particulierement interessante. Cependant, sa stabilite moderee, notamment en conditions acides, est une forte limitation de sa chimie et son utilisation vers des cibles en chimie fine reste un defi. Les reactions multi-composantes conduisent a des architectures elaborees a partir de briques simples de maniere econome en temps et nombre d’etapes. Beaucoup de ces reactions concernent la fonction aldehyde, ce qui rend interessant de les appliquer au 5-HMF. Ceci est l’objet de cette these, qui porte sur deux reactions en particulier, Biginelli et Kabachnik-Fields. La reaction de Biginelli est la condensation d’un aldehyde, un compose dicarbonyle et une uree conduisant a des dihydropyrimidinones (DHPMs). Etant acido-catalysee, il a ete necessaire d’optimiser les conditions pour l’appliquer au HMF. Les meilleures conditions (reaction sans solvant, ZnCl2) ont permis d’atteindre une large variete de nouvelles DHPMs dans des rendements convenables a tres bons. La reaction de Kabachnik-Fields est la condensation d’un aldehyde avec une amine et un dialkyl phosphate, conduisant a des a-aminophosphonates. Les conditions optimales trouvees pour son application au 5-HMF sont l’utilisation d’iode comme catalyseur dans le solvant biosource 2-MeTHF a temperature ambiante ou moderement elevee. Une serie de nouveaux a-aminophosphonates comportant le motif HMF a ete prepare. Le groupe hydroxymethyle issu du HMF persiste dans le produit, offrant de nombreuses possibilites de derivation et demontrant son utilite comparativement a la chimie du furfural.
Carbon Budget for a Large Drowned River Valley Estuary Adjacent to an Emerging Megacity (Sydney Harbour)

Annual organic and inorganic carbon budgets were constructed for the Sydney Harbour Estuary. Net ecosystem metabolism was the main control on carbon fluxes in the system. Sydney Harbour Estuary was slightly net heterotrophic, which is consistent with a small CO2 emission of 0.8 × 108 mol C yr−1. Terrestrial carbon loads were 70% dissolved inorganic carbon, 21% dissolved organic carbon, and 9% particulate organic carbon. Dissolved inorganic carbon was exported to the ocean (4.19 × 108 mol C yr−1), and an import of organic carbon (1.92 × 108 mol C yr−1) from the ocean was required to balance the budget. Sydney Harbour had high sediment organic carbon burial rates similar to other river valley estuaries including the Hudson River and Chesapeake Bay. Productivity was the main sink of inorganic carbon followed by sediment burial, emissions of CO2 to the atmosphere, and oyster sequestration. This study highlights the importance of determining the sources, sinks, and transformations of all carbon forms in constructing estuarine budgets.
The Protective Effect of Salivae Miltiorrhizae Liguspyragine Hydrochloride and Glucose Injection on Isoproterenol-Induced Acute Myocardial Infarction in Rats

Salivae miltiorrhizae liguspyragine hydrochloride and glucose injection (SGI) are widely used in the clinical treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases, but researches on the prevention and treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and other cardiovascular diseases are rarely reported. So, the purpose of this study is to evaluate preventive effect of SGI on AMI in rats and to explore its possible mechanism. In this study, isoproterenol-(ISO) induced AMI model in rats was established Based on that, we studied the effect of SGI on ECG and cardiac function. We then investigated the effect of SGI on heart infarction area and heart histomorphology in AMI rats. Moreover, to explore the possible mechanisms, we tested the activities of myocardial enzymes in blood. Our study found that, SGI can improve the ECG of AMI rats and promote cardiac function to normal. In addition, SGI can reduce the infarct size and inhibit myocardial injury. Moreover, SGI can reduce the content of serum CK, LDH, cTnI and BNP in AMI rats. Therefore, we confirmed that SGI possessed remarkably protective effects against ISO-induced AMI in rats.
Utilising data for a better understanding of disease

iv Chapter 1 : Overview of placements and summary of course requirements for the Master of Philosophy in Applied Epidemiology . 1 Chapter 2 : Conduct and interpret an epidemiological study. Birth weight and early childhood growth in Cape York: Findings from 10 birth cohorts . 9 Chapter 3 : Evaluation of a health information system. Evaluation of the National Key Performance Indicators for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Primary Health Care Services. 31 Chapter 4 : Analysis of a public health dataset. The changing epidemiology of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in north-eastern New South Wales and implications for management . 155 Chapter 5 : Investigation of an acute public health problem. Investigation of increased notifications of Salmonella Saintpaul in Queensland . 205 Appendixes . 247
TG-Interacting Factor 1 expression quantitatively impacts survival in acute myeloid leukemia

Applying transcriptional profiling analysis to myeloblasts from 59 adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated at our institution, we found that expression of the three-amino acid loop extension (TALE) homeobox gene TG-Interacting Factor 1 (TGIF1) correlated with overall and relapse-free survival, which was then confirmed in two other cohorts of patients.Moreover, TGIF1 expression correlated with survival for all cytogenetic risk groups and was an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis. To elucidate the mechanism, we used Tgif1 knockout mice in which acute or chronic myeloid leukemia was induced through retroviral transfer of the MLL-AF9 or BCR-ABL fusion genes into bone marrow cells. Loss of Tgif1 accelerated disease progression, shortened survival, attenuated the response to chemotherapy, and doubled the frequency of leukemia-initiating cells. RNA-based sequencing analysis showed that genes associated with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and retinoic acid signaling pathways were differentially affected in Tgif1-/- compared to Tgif1+/+ leukemia cells.
Disparities in access to family physicians among transgender people in Ontario, Canada

ABSTRACT Background: Informed by the Gelberg-Andersen behavioral model for vulnerable populations, this study examined the prevalence of and factors associated with not having a family physician among transgender (trans) people in Ontario, Canada. Methods: Data were drawn from a respondent-driven sampling (RDS) survey of trans Ontarians age 16 and above (n = 433) conducted between 2009 and 2010. All analyses were weighted using RDS II methods. Prevalence ratios were estimated using average marginal predictions from logistic regression models. Results: An estimated 17.2% (95% CI, 11.0 to 22.9) of trans Ontarians (median age = 28.7, 77.3% White) did not have a regular family physician. In multivariable analyses accounting for other predisposing and need-related factors, transfeminine persons (trans women and non-binary persons assigned a male sex at birth) who were Indigenous and/or persons of color were less likely than other transfeminine persons to have a family doctor. In addition, trans persons who were homeless or had unstable housing were less likely to have a family doctor than those who were adequately housed. Conclusions: These results provide the first quantitative evidence of health disparities by race and gender within a Canadian transgender population and suggest a social gradient in access to care within Ontario's “universal health insurance” system.
The procedures in medical and tactical rescue in cases of hypovolemic (haemorrhagic) shock)

The authors have presented the rescue procedure in cases of hypovolemic shock for medical rescue workers and tactical combat rescuers. They have paid attention to the priorities in civilian and battlefield surroundings. They have emphasised that a tactical combat rescuers (who often work alone) operate according to TPA and MARCHE protocols. In the CUF phase, the priority (considering the importance to stop the haemorrhage) is to apply a tactical band (preferably by the injured themselves). In the TFC phase, the tactical rescuer is focused on medical treatment, and therefore many procedures are performed at this state. The most basic one is of course stopping the bleeding. If it is to no avail, tactical rescuers should resort to haemostatic means. The authors have proceeded to discuss haemostatic medications recommended by the TCCC guidelines.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TUBERCULOSIS IN CATTLE AND HUMAN PATIENTS IN BORNO AND YOBE STATES, NIGERIA

A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN VETERINARY MEDICINE DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY MEDICINE AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY ZARIA NIGERIA
Interlaminar fracture toughness and fatigue fracture of continuous fiber-reinforced polymer composites with carbon-based nanoreinforcements: a review

ABSTRACT This review critically examines the recent developments in the use of carbon-based nanofillers as additional reinforcement to enhance the interlaminar properties of FRP composites. The low interlaminar strength of FRP composites results in delamination failure. The various nanoreinforcement strategies and their effect on fracture toughness, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and interlaminar fatigue are discussed in detail to prevent this delamination failure. Important findings on various factors that influence the interlaminar properties of multi-scale composites are presented by discussing various intrinsic and extrinsic toughening processes. Moreover, an overview of simulation techniques is provided to predict the delamination onset and propagation. Graphical Abstract
THE VALUE OF PROCALCITONIN MEASUREMENT IN MENINGITIS PATIENTS

Background: Meningitis is defined as inflammation of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord and can occur at any age, it is caused by infectious microorganisms include (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites) and non infectious include (drugs, carcinoma and inflammatory disorder). Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the value of PCT levels to discriminate between bacterial and non-bacterial meningitis patients. Methods: A total of 40 patients with meningitis admitted to emergency department of Baghdad teaching hospital and pediatrics emergency room in child welfare teaching hospital were followed in this prospective study. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample where collected from 40 patients and serum sample collected from these patients and healthy person. NHS real-time PCR technique using to identified the type of bacteria and serum levels of PCT were measured. Results: The diagnosis of meningitis was based on clinical findings, gram staining, culture, and chemical analysis of CSF. Twenty-eight of patients were diagnosed as bacterial meningitis and the other twelve patients as non-bacterial meningitis. The mean PCT level in patients with bacterial meningitis was 658.00 pg/ml, and the lower level was 21. Pg/ml, while the higher level in patients with non-bacterial meningitis was 11.00 pg/ml (mean level, 5.30 pg/ml). It is clear from the range of serum PCT level that there are no overlapping values seen for serum PCT in both groups. Conclusion: Serum PCT levels can be used in the early diagnosis of bacterial meningitis and is more valuable marker than the other predictive marker. Similarly, they may be useful in differential diagnosis of bacterial and non-bacterial meningitis to assess treatment efficacy
IGF-1 receptor activation and intrinsic tamoxifen resistance in postmenopausal breast cancer patients.

544 Background: Elevated insuline-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling activates the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways and results in hormone indepedent cell growth in vitro, rendering cells resistant to anti-estrogens. The clinical validity of IGF-1R signaling to predict resistance to adjuvant anti-estrogen therapy has not been well established.We tested the predictive value of IGF-1R activation to predict adjuvant tamoxifen resistance in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Methods: We collected primary tumor blocks from 563 ERα positive (stage I-III) postmenopausal patients who had been randomized between tamoxifen (1 to 3 years) vs. no adjuvant therapy (IKA trial). The median follow-up of patients without a recurrence event was 7.8 years. Immunohistochemistry was performed on a tissue microarray using monoclonal antibodies for IGF-1R and phosphorylated(p)-IGF-1R. Cytoplasmic p-IGF-1R and membranous IGF-1R intensity were scored (0-3).
Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding folic acid among pregnant women in Benghazi, Libya

Periconceptional folic acid supplementation has been shown to decrease the occurrence of neural tube defects (NTD’s). In a cross-sectional study, the knowledge attitude and practice regarding the peri-conceptional use of folic acid were assessed among the pregnant women in Benghazi, Libya. 131 women attending antenatal clinics in three main polyclinics were interviewed through three polyclinics. Seventy-three percent of the participants had heard about folic acid, and only 37% could correctly identify the effect of folic acid when used periconceptionally. 27% of the pregnant women did not take folic acid during their present pregnancy. Only 6% of the women who took folic acid were taking it consistently before pregnancy with the aim of preventing NTDs. This study shows that the interviewed pregnant women reveal high positive attitude (88%) toward retaking folic acid supplements in their next pregnancy. The overall knowledge regarding the periconceptional use of folic acid was relatively low when compared to other studies worldwide. Health education regarding the periconceptional use of folic acid among newly married couples is recommended.
Maximal Static and Dynamic Neck Strength in Hockey Players and Wrestlers

The purpose of this study was to compare maximal static and dynamic neck strength between hockey players and wrestlers. Athletes were recruited from the university men’s hockey and wrestling teams, with active male university students serving as a control group. Each group consisted of eight participants between the ages of eighteen and twenty-four. Anthropometric measurements, including height, mass, neck length, and neck girth were taken prior to testing. Static and dynamic cervical strength testing was completed using a modified Nautilus neck strengthening machine. Maximal static neck flexion and extension strength were measured using a load cell attached to the arm of the Nautilus machine, which was set in a neutral neck position. To measure dynamic neck strength, a 6-Repetition Max (RM) submaximal test was completed for cervical flexion and extension, from which 1-RM values were predicted. Mean normalized strength values were significantly higher among all participants for neck extension (M = .32, SD = .12) than for neck flexion (M = .20, SD = .07). Mean neck strength was significantly greater for dynamic muscle contractions (M = .31, SD = .13) than for static muscle contractions (M = .22, SD = .08). When comparing among groups, mean normalized static neck strength of the wrestlers was significantly greater than that of the hockey players in both the flexion and extension directions, with no differences seen between the hockey players and the controls. Differences in static and dynamic neck strength between hockey players and wrestlers are likely associated with the demands of each sport and their sport-specific strength training.
Facile synthesis and promising application of iron‐doped nickel selenide nanoparticles as high‐efficiency counter electrodes of dye‐sensitized solar cells

The coexistence of different metal cations in single crystal structure may improve electron transfer rate and catalytic activity. Hence, a series of iron‐doped nickel selenide nanoparticles were engineered by adjusting the iron amount as counter electrodes (CEs) in dye‐sensitized solar cells. By contrast, the as‐designed iron‐doped nickel selenides possess more excellent electrochemical properties than the pure nickel selenides. In particular, 10% Fe‐Ni0.85Se achieves the lowest charge‐transfer resistance and highest electrocatalytic performance, outperforming that of Pt. As expected, based on the optimal 10% Fe‐Ni0.85Se CE, the dummy dye‐sensitized solar cell yields a higher power conversion efficiency of 8.57% compared with that of 15% Fe‐Ni0.85Se (8.33%), 5% Fe‐Ni0.85Se (8.15%), Ni0.85Se (7.89%), and even Pt CEs (8.04%).
They also do it: Internet use by older adults living in residential care facilities

ABSTRACT The Internet has gained much importance as a resource for older adults during recent years, for example, as a resource for maintaining lifelong learning. However, available studies targeting the adoption of the Internet have mostly focused on young-old, healthy, and community-dwelling adults. To our knowledge, no study has yet examined Internet use among individuals living in residential care facilities (RCF), that is, old–old adults with a range of functional impairments. We provide data on the Internet use in a large sample of 1,212 residents (mean age, 87.9 years) living in 24 RCFs in Zurich, Switzerland. We found that 14% of residents used the Internet, a very similar proportion as previously reported in a Swiss survey of older adults in private households. However, when stratified according to age, individuals aged 65–84 years in RCFs had lower Internet use compared with community-dwelling older adults (21% versus 65%, respectively). No difference was observed among individuals aged ≥85 years. Compared with non-users, Internet users were more likely to be younger, male, living for a shorter duration in RCF, not living alone in the institution, and healthier and functionally unimpaired. Internet users also described themselves as having higher autonomy and satisfaction with life. In conclusion, Internet use has reached (at least in Switzerland) the long-term care sector and appears to play a significant role in the lives of a considerable portion of RCF residents.