Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How do agricultural policies influence farmland concentration? The example of France

Over the last decades, the number of farms has decreased while average farm size has increased in industrialised countries. We investigate whether these two concomitant trends have resulted in higher farmland concentration or not in the case of France. Deriving Gini coefficients as a measure of concentration from the estimation of parametric Lorenz curves, we show that this is not systematically the case at the sub-national scale of “departements”. When studying the role of possible explanatory variables for farmland concentration, we find that milk quotas, CAP 2nd pillar subsidies and so-called structural measures (settlements and early retirement grants) have a significant impact. However, the availability and the price of agricultural land appear to be the most significant factors.
IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF BUTEA MONOSPERMA (LAMK.) TAUB. FLOWERS

Antioxidant activity of Butea monosperma (Lamk.) Taub. flowers was studied using different assays like ABTS radical cation decolourization assay, Hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, Lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity and total antioxidant activity. The aqueous and methanolic extracts of Butea monosperma (Lamk.) Taub. flowers showed significant increase in antioxidant activity with increasing concentrations. The aqueous extract of Butea monosperma (Lamk.) Taub. flowers showed better antioxidant activity in ABTS radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation as compared to methanolic extract. The flowers were capable of scavenging free radicals invitro.
Muscle Injury, Regeneration, and Repair

Abstract This article reviews relevant muscular anatomy and describes the metabolic, temperature, and mechanical hypotheses as possible mechanisms of muscle injury. It describes the four stages of muscle injury, regeneration, and repair: Ca2+ -overload, autolysis, phagocytosis, and regeneration/repair. The article concludes with some likely clinical implications for prevention and treatment of muscle injury.
Shaping Development of Autophagy Inhibitors with the Structure of the Lipid Kinase Vps34

Lipid Kinase Revealed The lipid kinase, Vps34, makes the key signaling lipid phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate [PI(3)P] and has essential roles in autophagy, membrane trafficking, and cell signaling. It is a class III PI 3-kinase, a class against which there is currently no specific inhibitor. Miller et al. (p. 1638) now describe the crystal structure of Vps34. Modeling substrate binding and combining structural data with mutagenesis suggests a mechanism in which Vps34 is auto-inhibited in solution, but adopts a catalytically active conformation on membranes. Structures of Vps34 with existing inhibitors might allow for the generation of inhibitors with high affinity and specificity. Structural data might provide a foundation to develop specific inhibitors to this class of phosphoinositide 3-kinases. Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are lipid kinases with diverse roles in health and disease. The primordial PI3K, Vps34, is present in all eukaryotes and has essential roles in autophagy, membrane trafficking, and cell signaling. We solved the crystal structure of Vps34 at 2.9 angstrom resolution, which revealed a constricted adenine-binding pocket, suggesting the reason that specific inhibitors of this class of PI3K have proven elusive. Both the phosphoinositide-binding loop and the carboxyl-terminal helix of Vps34 mediate catalysis on membranes and suppress futile adenosine triphosphatase cycles. Vps34 appears to alternate between a closed cytosolic form and an open form on the membrane. Structures of Vps34 complexes with a series of inhibitors reveal the reason that an autophagy inhibitor preferentially inhibits Vps34 and underpin the development of new potent and specific Vps34 inhibitors.
Gender Differences in Sustained Attentional Control Relate to Gender Inequality across Countries

Sustained attentional control is critical for everyday tasks and success in school and employment. Understanding gender differences in sustained attentional control, and their potential sources, is an important goal of psychology and neuroscience and of great relevance to society. We used a large web-based sample (n = 21,484, from testmybrain.org) to examine gender differences in sustained attentional control. Our sample included participants from 41 countries, allowing us to examine how gender differences in each country relate to national indices of gender equality. We found significant gender differences in certain aspects of sustained attentional control. Using indices of gender equality, we found that overall sustained attentional control performance was lower in countries with less equality and that there were greater gender differences in performance in countries with less equality. These findings suggest that creating sociocultural conditions which value women and men equally can improve a component of sustained attention and reduce gender disparities in cognition.
The Emerging Role of Neutrophil Granulocytes in Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with a strong autoimmune, neurodegenerative, and neuroinflammatory component. Most of the common disease modifying treatments (DMTs) for MS modulate the immune response targeting disease associated T and B cells and while none directly target neutrophils, several DMTs do impact their abundance or function. The role of neutrophils in MS remains unknown and research is ongoing to better understand the phenotype, function, and contribution of neutrophils to both disease onset and stage of disease. Here we summarize the current state of knowledge of neutrophils and their function in MS, including in the rodent based MS model, and we discuss the potential effects of current treatments on these functions. We propose that neutrophils are likely to participate in MS pathogenesis and their abundance and function warrant monitoring in MS.
Gonad Development in the Female Nigerian Clarias Gariepinus Burchell 1822

Some studies have established some physiological parameters for the African sharp tooth catfish Clarias gariepinus in some regions in the world which have been found to vary considerably from what is observed in the Nigerian species. This study indicates that C. gariepinus matured five months after hatching in the female at approximately 700 g. This however differs from a previous study of wild C. gariepinus which reported that the age of first maturity is 1 year, when the body weights of the fishes are approximately 108 g for females.
Overview of the second shared task on Indian Native Language Identification (INLI)

This overview paper describes the second shared task on Indian Native Language Identification (INLI) that was organized by FIRE 2018. Given a corpus with comments in English from various Facebook newspapers pages, the objective of the task is to identify the native language among the following six Indian languages: Bengali, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Tamil, and Telugu. Altogether, 31 approaches of 14 different teams are evaluated. In this paper, we report the overview of the participant’s systems and the results of second INLI shared task. We have also compared the results of the first INLI shared task conducted with FIRE-2017.
Magnetoencephalographic activities related to the magnitude of the interaural cross-correlation function (IACC) of sound fields

Magnetoencephalographic (MEG) responses to the magnitude of the interaural cross-correlation function (IACC) of a sound field were investigated. The source signal was the word "piano", which had a 0.35-s duration. In MEG measurements, combinations of a reference stimulus (IACC = 1.0) and test stimuli (IACC = 0.27, 0.61, and 0.90) were presented 50 times alternately at a constant 1.5-s interstimulus interval. The MEG responses evoked by each stimulus in the pair were integrated and recorded with a 122channel whole-head neuromagnetometer and analyzed using an autocorrelation function (ACF) and a cross-correlation function (CCF). The results showed that the effective duration of ACF, τ e , and the maximum value of CCF, |φ(τ)| max , of MEG between 8-13 Hz become larger as the IACC decrease. Although subjective preference tests for the IACC of speech sound fields have not been conducted in the present study, the previous studies of subjective preference for sound fields have showed that lower IACC is preferred. Therefore the results indicate that the brain repeats a similar temporal rhythm over a wider area under preferred sound fields.
The determinants of the health status in a developing country: results from the Colombian case

El documento encuentra evidencia empírica sobre los determinantes del estado de salud en Colombia, después de la reforma de 1993. El artículo usa la teoría de Grossman y analiza, además de características individuales y socioeconómicas, variables institucionales del sector. Se usaron dos encuestas para los años 1997 y 2000, las cuales cuentan con una medida subjetiva del estado de salud y con información sobre el tipo de afiliación. Se uso modelo econométrico Probit ordenado. Los resultados muestran una relación entre variables individuales, socioeconómicas, e institucionales con el estado de salud de las personas. Finalmente, aunque el tipo de afiliación al sistema parece aumentar las desigualdades en el estado de salud, se cumple el objetivo de enfocar la cobertura en sectores poblacionales vulnerables. Palabras Clave: Demanda por salud, Producción de salud, Países en desarrollo, Estimaciones Probit. Códigos JEL: JO, J23, J3
Forecasting movie ratings with recommender systems

In this paper I construct different recommender systems to predict movie ratings and compare there performances. Recommender systems can be used to classify movie ratings for users as interesting or not worth watching and with a few simple statistics the classification performance can be compared for different models. The relevance of this topic is growing every year with the exponential increase in data available. A lot of study has already been done about this topic but there is still work to be done in increasing the forecasting power of different recommender systems. The most important recommender system in this topic is a neural network. Different models are added to compare the networks performance or try to improve it. The network uses singular value decomposition to extract less dimensional information for a large and sparse data matrix. I conclude that all models constructed in this paper do have a good in-sample fit but the out-of-sample classification power is relatively modest. With many ratings near the classification threshold out-of-sample classifying is harder.
Investigating temporal field sampling strategies for site-specific calibration of three soil moisture–neutron intensity parameterisation methods

The Cosmic-Ray Neutron Sensor (CRNS) can provide soil moisture information at scales relevant to hydrometeorological modelling applications. Site-specific calibration is needed to translate CRNS neutron intensities into sensor footprint average soil moisture contents. We investigated temporal sampling strategies for calibration of three CRNS parameterisations (modified N 0 , HMF, and COSMIC) by assessing the effects of the number of sampling days and soil wetness conditions on the performance of the calibration results while investigating actual neutron intensity measurements, for three sites with distinct climate and land use: a semi-arid site, a temperate grassland, and a temperate forest. When calibrated with 1 year of data, both COSMIC and the modified N 0 method performed better than HMF. The performance of COSMIC was remarkably good at the semi-arid site in the USA, while the N 0mod performed best at the two temperate sites in Germany. The successful performance of COSMIC at all three sites can be attributed to the benefits of explicitly resolving individual soil layers (which is not accounted for in the other two parameterisations). To better calibrate these parameterisations, we recommend in situ soil sampled to be collected on more than a single day. However, little improvement is observed for sampling on more than 6 days. At the semi-arid site, the N 0mod method was calibrated better under site-specific average wetness conditions, whereas HMF and COSMIC were calibrated better under drier conditions. Average soil wetness condition gave better calibration results at the two humid sites. The calibration results for the HMF method were better when calibrated with combinations of days with similar soil wetness conditions, opposed to N 0mod and COSMIC, which profited from using days with distinct wetness conditions. Errors in actual neutron intensities were translated to average errors specifically to each site. At the semi-arid site, these errors were below the typical measurement uncertainties from in situ point-scale sensors and satellite remote sensing products. Nevertheless, at the two humid sites, reduction in uncertainty with increasing sampling days only reached typical errors associated with satellite remote sensing products. The outcomes of this study can be used by researchers as a CRNS calibration strategy guideline.
Variables associated with suicide ideation and plans in a Japanese population

The purpose of our study was to clarify variables associated with suicide ideation and plans in a Japanese population. We conducted a random-sampling survey on mental health and suicide using a self-administered questionnaire for Hamamatsu City residents aged 15-79 yrs between May and June, 2008. This included questions about gender, age, outpatient treatment, alcohol problems, depression, living ar-rangements, marital status, annual family income, industry types as well as suicide ideation and plans. The correlation between these variables and suicide ideation or plans was then analyzed with multiple logistic regression analysis by gender. A total of 1051 responded to this questionnaire (response rate, 53.9%). Variables statistically associated with suicide ideation in males included alcohol problems, depression, lower annual family income, and ac-commodations/eating/drinking services, while in females, the variables were younger age, outpatient treatment, depression, living alone, being single, being separated, lower annual family income, accommodations/eating/drinking services and unemployment. On the other hand, variables statistically associated with suicide plans in males were younger age, alcohol problems, depression, and lower annual family income, while in females they were younger age, alcohol problems, depression, being separated, lower annual family income, manufacturing, and accommodations/eating/drinking services. Ex-cept for industry types, variables associated with suicide ideation or plans were consistent with previous studies. The reason why workers engaging in manufacturing, or accommoda-tions/eating/drinking services were more likely to have suicide ideation or plans may be attributed to the structures and/or stresses unique to those industries.
Knowledge management measurement in South African organisations

This article explores the status of knowledge management (KM) measurement in South African organisations. KM has been advocated by some observers as the only way of maintaining a competitive advantage in today’s global economy, but if KM is not to fade away as yet another ‘management fad’, it needs practical implementation models and measures to determine if it adds value. Considerable international research into KM models and measures exists, and several projects are afoot to derive KM standards, but there has been very little research in South Africa in this regard. This article investigates whether organisations in South Africa are using KM measurement models and measures, and if so, which ones. In particular, the authors wanted to establish if the measures used conform to one of the published approaches, namely that of the British Standards Institute (BSI). A descriptive quantitative research methodology was employed, using a semi-structured questionnaire e-mailed to a target population derived from non-probability purposive sampling. In the sample of eighteen organisations 94 per cent were found to be using KM measurement models, albeit from a much wider range than has been recorded elsewhere. In terms of measures, 89
Aerodynamics of an In-Line Boundary Layer Ingesting Electric Ducted Fan

Research covers propulsion installation characteristics for novel air-vehicle configurations in the class of small missile/UAVs. A modular experimental model has been developed featuring a fully integrated tail mounted inline boundary layer ingesting (BLI) Electric Ducted Fan (EDF) propulsion system. The research aims to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics and gain understanding of the optimisation of a fully integrated propulsion system. A combination of experimental and validated CFD methods will be used to develop suitable performance metrics and optimisation approaches for in-line BLI EDFs, thus enabling the generation of a toolset to be applied in the future design and implementation of this class of propulsion system. Progress in both experimental design and computational analysis will be presented, including initial analysis of the overall flow physics, focussing on the upstream and downstream effect of the body boundary layer, the condition of the flow ingested into the fan and an assessment of the performance of the overall integrated EDF.
A Distribution in Motion: The Case of Argentina

This paper documents the changes in the income distribution in Argentina from the mid-1970s to the mid-2000s. Over the period inequality increased substantially. Two types of episodes have shaped this upward trend: deep macroeconomic crises and periods of sudden and intense economic liberalization. The sizeable rise in inequality in the 1990s seems to be associated to reallocations against unskilled-labor intensive sectors, and skilled-biased technological change within most sectors, both factors stimulated by the process of economic integration. The depth and speed of the reforms and the scarcity of public policies to ease the transition contributed to the particular severity of the income distribution changes. The macro crises and the subsequent recoveries contributed to the volatility of inequality along this upward trend. The large macroeconomic crisis of 2001/02 triggered a large jump in inequality, although income disparities returned to pre-crisis levels as the economy recovered fast, and large cash transfer programs were implemented.
Nanocrystalline Powders of Alkaline-Earth Phosphates as Precursors for Bioceramics

Bone is a nanocomposite made of calcium phosphates and collagen. Collagen has a typical fibrous structure, with diameter ranging from 100 nm to 2 μm. It is suggested that calcium hydroxyapatite, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 in the size range 5-50 nm embedded in the collagen framework provides mechanical strength to bone. Among calcium phosphates, apatites are found to be the most suitable for bone regeneration due to its biocompatibility. A contemporary theme is to prepare nanocrystallites of alkaline-earth phosphates that can be employed as precursors for making novel bioceramics. In this paper, we present our attempts to prepare nano-sized particles of alkaline-earth hydroxyapatites, A10(PO4)6(OH)2 where A= Ca, Sr and Ba through a metathetical route. Our work involved the use of same reactants treated under different reaction conditions. While hydrothermal route yielded well-crystalline nanorods, microwave resulted in agglomerated hydroxyapatites and reverse micellear route gave low crystalline apatites with less agglomeration.
The role of investor relations firms in financial restatements

This study examines the role of investor relations (IR) firms in the setting of financial restatements. I find that firms hiring an outside IR firm experience higher restatement announcement returns and they do not realize lower post-announcement stock returns than propensity-score matched control firms. The positive impact of IR is greater for firms with low analyst coverage and low media coverage. My findings suggest that IR professionals increase value for their clients by helping them communicate effectively during periods of crises.
Caracterización actitudinal e intencional de la violencia juvenil exogrupal en la Comunidad de Madrid

Title: Attitudinal and intentional characterisation of juvenile group vio- lence in the Madrid Area. Abstract: Purpose. This article presents the process followed for the con- struction of an instrument to measure and identify the relevant beliefs owned by the youth belonging to violent groups about their own violent behaviour. Once identified, they are used as an explanation of the process of the intention to carry out this behaviour. Methodology. For that pur- pose, we conducted three independent but complementary. The first of them (N=216) identifies the salient beliefs about violence. The second (N=250) shows the process of construction of the Cuestionario Piloto so- bre Violencia Juvenil Exogrupal and proceeds to the statistical selection of the relevant beliefs about violence. The third study (N=243) shows the de- finitive design of the Cuestionario de Investigacion de la Conducta Violenta Ex- ogrual (CINCOVE) and presents the regression model conducted to explain the intention of carrying out violent behaviour. Results. The final model obtained explains 61.5% of the variance of the dependent variable "Inten- tion" and identifies the main beliefs related to the intention to carry out vi- olent behaviour on the side of youth belonging to groups. Discussion. The results may contribute to the foundation of the design, implementation and evaluation of interventions that have as main objective the prevention or treatment of the problem.
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This paper presents experimental and theoretical amplitude and phase photoacoustic spectra of the mixed crystal ZnBeMgSe. The experimental photoacoustic spectra with the microphone detection were analyzed in a surface and volume absorption model. This paper proves that it is not possible to draw conclusions about the character of the absorption i.e. volume or surface only from the amplitude or phase photoacoustic spectra. It is possible to identify the character of the absorption only from the amplitude and phase photoacoustic spectra together.
OPTIMAL JOB SCHEDULING OF M/GI/1 QUEUE WITH FEEDBACK: THE DISCOUNTED CASE

A non·preemptive M/GI/l queue with several job classes is considered. At the completion of the service time the multiple feedback occurs. The objective is to maximize the expected discounted reward with the infInite horizon. Using the Harrison's method, the model is formulated as a bandit problem and its optimal policy is characterized by the index rule. Next it is considered that the service time is decomposed into quantum of the unit span. This model is a queueing system of a single feedback. Using the index rule, three type of optimal job schedulings are discussed. served at a time and the served job is not interrupted by the other job, that is, nonpreemptive. When the service is completed, the multiple feedback will occur. The cost structure is a pure expected reward received at a decision epoch. Our problem is to obtain the optimal job scheduling which maximizes the expected discounted reward with the infinite horizon. Our model is formu­ lated as a bandit problem with Poisson inputs and the multiple feedback. In a single server queueing system the optimal job scheduling which mini­ mi~es the expected holding cost has been studied. The optimal policy is characterized by a priority service discipline. When the service time is known in a nonpreemptive queue "the shortest-processing-time-first" discipline (SPTF) is optimal. When the expectation of the . service time is known in a nonpreemptive queue "the shortest-expected-processing-time-first" discipli.ne (SEPTF) is optimal. When the service time is known in a preemptive queue,