Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulation numérique aéroacoustique d'écoulements par une approche LES d'ordre élevé en éléments finis non structurés

Cette these vise a ameliorer la precision numerique des simulations aeroacoustiques d’ecoulements dans un contexte precis, celui du cadre industriel avec un partenariat Dassault Aviation. Pour repondre a cette problematique, la modelisation aux grandes echelles est utilisee afin de la rendre plus efficace et adaptee a la methode numerique des elements finis stabilisee par SUPG/GLS. Afin de preciser la methode numerique, une premiere partie est consacree a la formulation theorique et pratique du code AETHER utilise. La precision des schemas numeriques spatial et temporel est aussi presentee. L’ideologie principale issue de la famille des modeles Variational Multi-Scale a ete retenue afin de construire le nouveau modele de sous-maille. En effet, une precedente these avait demontre la pertinence de ce type d’approche pour les elements finis. Meme si le cadre est applicatif, cette these propose une reflexion generale sur le filtrage numerique en elements finis ainsi qu’un nouveau procede pour filtrer le plus efficacement l’ecoulement calcule. Cette nouvelle approche de filtrage est particulierement bien adaptee aux elements finis et a la montee en ordre spatial. Un modele hybride de gestion des parois est aussi developpe afin de pouvoir utiliser le nouveau modele de sous-maille dans des configurations complexes comprenant des surfaces solides. Le processus de filtrage est teste sur le cas academique des tourbillons de Taylor-Green et presente un reel gain. Enfin le modele global est utilise pour calculer une configuration industrielle de tri-corps hypersustente nommee LEISA II. Grâce au nouveau modele propose et valide par les resultats experimentaux, il a ete possible de fournir des interpretations physiques pointues sur le comportement complexe de l’ecoulement du bec et du bruit qu’il genere. Cette derniere partie est une illustration pertinente de l’utilisation des modeles aux grandes echelles pourtant couteux, et cela meme dans un contexte industriel.
Thermoperiodic Control of Diapause in an Insect: Theory of Internal Coincidence

Females of the parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis raised from the egg stage in the total absence of light but subjected to daily temperature cycles (13� to 23�C), are able to distinguish a "short-day" thermoperiod (〈 13 hours at 23�C per day) from a "long-day" thermoperiod (〈 13 hours at 23�C per day) and produce diapausing or developing progeny accordingly.
Modelado del contexto geométrico para el reconocimiento de objetos

El reconocimiento de objetos es una tarea clave para dotar de cierta autonomia a un robot movil. Los metodos de reconocimiento tradicionales han alcanzado un exito aceptable empleando informacion sobre la apariencia y/o la geometria de los objetos, aunque pueden presentar resultados ambiguos. Persiguiendo mitigar esta desventaja, en este trabajo se estudia como modelar informacion sobre el contexto geometrico de los objetos, la cual resulta util para inclinar la balanza en reconocimientos ambiguos, de tal manera que se alcance un reconocimiento tan exitoso como sea posible. Para ello hemos recurrido a los campos aleatorios condicionales como herramienta de modelado, y a Robot@Home como conjunto de datos para la evaluacion. Con estas premisas se han alcanzado conclusiones interesantes para cualquier sistema reconocedor empleando informacion contextual.
Adénocarcinome pulmonaire primitif: expérience d'un centre hospitalier tunisien

La fréquence de l'adénocarcinome pulmonaire primitif est en nette augmentation au dépend des autres types histologiques de cancer bronchique primitif. En effet, il représente environ 40% des cas des carcinomes bronchiques non à petites cellules (CNPC). Il se distingue par certaines particularités. Décrire les aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques, thérapeutiques et évolutifs de l'adénocarcinome pulmonaire primitif. Etude rétrospective incluant 322 patients porteurs d'adénocarcinome pulmonaire primitif, hospitalisés au service de pneumologie du centre hospitalo-universitaire de Monastir (Tunisie) entre janvier 1990 et septembre 2013. L’âge moyen de nos patients était de 59,4 ans. 25,8% sont âgés de moins de 50 ans. Une prédominance masculine (86,3%) a été notée. 81,7% des patients étaient tabagiques. La symptomatologie respiratoire était dominée par la douleur thoracique (57,1%) et la toux (46%). Au moment du diagnostic, 73,3% des patients étaient au stade métastatique. Les localisations secondaires les plus fréquentes étaient le poumon controlatéral (25,5%), la plèvre (21,1%) et l'os (19,25%). La prise en charge thérapeutique s'est basée essentiellement sur la chimiothérapie (48,5% des cas). Seulement 10,3% des patients ont bénéficié d'un traitement chirurgical. La médiane de survie de nos patients était de 6 mois avec une survie à 1 an, 3 ans et 5 ans respectivement de 25,9%, 3,2% et 2%. L'adénocarcinome bronchique primitif est un sous type histologique particulier parmi les cancers broncho-pulmonaires primitifs. Son incidence est en augmentation depuis une vingtaine d'année. Malgré les progrès thérapeutiques, il reste de mauvais pronostic.
ALGORITMO BIOBJETIVO BASEADO EM ENXAME DE PARTÍCULAS APLICADO À CLASSIFICAÇÃO DE DADOS HÍBRIDOS

​⎯ A version of multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm for classification of hybrid data is presented. The proposed algorithm, called hPSO in this paper, implements a routine for generating the initial swarm and a mechanism for perturbate the particles. Each funcionality developed by hPSO is ​described ​individually. The obtained results indicated that the proposed algorithm is promissor for hybrid data classification. Keywords​⎯​ Multiobjective PSO, data mining, hybrid data classification Resumo​⎯ ​Uma versão multiobjetivo do algoritmo PSO é apresentada para classificação de dados híbridos. O algoritmo proposto, chamado, neste trabalho, de hPSO, implementa uma rotina para geração do enxame inicial e um mecanismo para perturbação das partículas. Cada funcionalidade desenvolvida pelo hPSO é descrita individualmente. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o algoritmo proposto é promissor para classificação de dados híbridos. Palavras-chave​⎯​ PSO multiobjetivo, mineração dados, classificação de dados híbridos
Xanthomonas type III effector XopD targets SUMO‐conjugated proteins in planta

Xanthomonas campestris pathovar vesicatoria (Xcv) uses the type III secretion system (TTSS) to inject effector proteins into cells of Solanaceous plants during pathogenesis. A number of Xcv TTSS effectors have been identified; however, their function in planta remains elusive. Here, we provide direct evidence for a functional role for a phytopathogenic bacterial TTSS effector in planta by demonstrating that the Xcv effector XopD encodes an active cysteine protease with plant‐specific SUMO substrate specificity. XopD is injected into plant cells by the TTSS during Xcv pathogenesis, translocated to subnuclear foci and hydrolyses SUMO‐conjugated proteins in vivo. Our studies suggest that XopD mimics endogenous plant SUMO isopeptidases to interfere with the regulation of host proteins during Xcv infection.
SILC: a new Planck internal linear combination CMB temperature map using directional wavelets

We present new clean maps of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature anisotropies (as measured by Planck) constructed with a novel internal linear combination (ILC) algorithm using directional, scale-discretized wavelets – scale-discretized, directional wavelet ILC or Scale-discretised, directional wavelet Internal Linear Combination (SILC). Directional wavelets, when convolved with signals on the sphere, can separate the anisotropic filamentary structures which are characteristic of both the CMB and foregrounds. Extending previous component separation methods, which use the frequency, spatial and harmonic signatures of foregrounds to separate them from the cosmological background signal, SILC can additionally use morphological information in the foregrounds and CMB to better localize the cleaning algorithm. We test the method on Planck data and simulations, demonstrating consistency with existing component separation algorithms, and discuss how to optimize the use of morphological information by varying the number of directional wavelets as a function of spatial scale. We find that combining the use of directional and axisymmetric wavelets depending on scale could yield higher quality CMB temperature maps. Our results set the stage for the application of SILC to polarization anisotropies through an extension to spin wavelets.
Fast and Accurate Digital Morphometry of Facial Expressions

Abstract Facial surgery deals with a part of the human body that is of particular importance in everyday social interactions. The perception of a person's natural, emotional, and social appearance is significantly influenced by one's expression. This is why facial dynamics has been increasingly studied by both artists and scholars since the mid-Renaissance. Currently, facial dynamics and their importance in the perception of a patient's identity play a fundamental role in planning facial surgery. Assistance is needed for patient information and communication, and documentation and evaluation of the treatment as well as during the surgical procedure. Here, the quantitative assessment of morphological features has been facilitated by the emergence of diverse digital imaging modalities in the last decades. Unfortunately, the manual data preparation usually needed for further quantitative analysis of the digitized head models (surface registration, landmark annotation) is time-consuming, and thus inhibits its use for treatment planning and communication. In this article, we refer to historical studies on facial dynamics, briefly present related work from the field of facial surgery, and draw implications for further developments in this context. A prototypical stereophotogrammetric system for high-quality assessment of patient-specific 3D dynamic morphology is described. An individual statistical model of several facial expressions is computed, and possibilities to address a broad range of clinical questions in facial surgery are demonstrated.
Ensemble perception in autism spectrum disorder: Member‐identification versus mean‐discrimination

To efficiently represent the outside world our brain compresses sets of similar items into a summarized representation, a phenomenon known as ensemble perception. While most studies on ensemble perception investigate this perceptual mechanism in typically developing (TD) adults, more recently, researchers studying perceptual organization in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have turned their attention toward ensemble perception. The current study is the first to investigate the use of ensemble perception for size in children with and without ASD (N = 42, 8–16 years). We administered a pair of tasks pioneered by Ariely [2001] evaluating both member‐identification and mean‐discrimination. In addition, we varied the distribution types of our sets to allow a more detailed evaluation of task performance. Results show that, overall, both groups performed similarly in the member‐identification task, a test of “local perception,” and similarly in the mean identification task, a test of “gist perception. ” However, in both tasks performance of the TD group was affected more strongly by the degree of stimulus variability in the set, than performance of the ASD group. These findings indicate that both TD children and children with ASD use ensemble statistics to represent a set of similar items, illustrating the fundamental nature of ensemble coding in visual perception. Differences in sensitivity to stimulus variability between both groups are discussed in relation to recent theories of information processing in ASD (e.g., increased sampling, decreased priors, increased precision). Autism Res 2017. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1291–1299. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conception rates to fixed-time artificial insemination of two oestrus synchronisation programmes in dairy heifers

AIM: To evaluate the conception rate to fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) of two oestrus synchronisation programmes in dairy heifers on eight farms over 2 years. METHODS: The study was conducted in 2008 and 2010 on eight farms near Palmerston North, New Zealand. Nulliparous Friesian and Friesian×Jersey heifers (13–15 months of age) were randomly allocated to one of two oestrus synchronisation programmes. Group 1 (GPG+P4; n=330), received gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) I/M on Day 0, a progesterone (P4)-releasing intravaginal device from Days 0–7, prostaglandin F2α (PGF) I/M on Day 7 and a second dose of GnRH at the time of FTAI on Day 9. The second group (P4+PGF; n=343) received a P4-releasing intravaginal device from Days 0–7, PGF on Day 6 and FTAI on Day 9. Pregnancy was diagnosed from Days 42–52 by transrectal ultrasonography. RESULTS: The overall conception rate was 52.4% and 54.8% for the GPG+P4 and P4+PGF groups, respectively. The odds of conception for the two treatments were not different (OR=0.90; 95% CI=0.67–1.23), nor was there any difference between groups in different years (p=0.58). Farm affected conception rate (p=0.002), but there was no interaction with treatment (p=0.92) . CONCLUSIONS: This study has shown that an alternative synchronisation programme can produce similar results in terms of conception rate to the GPG+P4 treatment, currently commonly used in heifers. More research is required to establish whether other modifications to the GPG+P4 programme can produce similar results at lower costs, and to identify and quantify farm factors which affect the economic benefit of heifer synchronisation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study indicated that synchronising heifers with P4 and PGF resulted in conception rates equivalent to those resulting from a GPG+P4 treatment, but with reduced drug costs. However, because heifers in the GPG+P4 group received the second GnRH injection at the time of AI, they needed only three yardings as opposed to the four required for the heifers treated with P4 and PGF. Thus, the choice of programme for an individual farm will depend on that farm's circumstances, in particular the cost of yarding the heifers.
Distribution of Refractive Errors in Albinos and Persons with Idiopathic Congenital Nystagmus

We compared retrospectively the distribution of refractive errors in a sample of adolescent and adult albinos (n = 19) with that in persons with idiopathic congenital nystagmus (CN) (n = 46), whose eye movements are similar to those of albinos but whose visual acuity is better. The distribution of spherical-equivalent refractive errors is more broadly distributed and slightly less myopic in albinos than in persons with idiopathic CN. On average, albinos also have more astigmatism (primarily with-the-rule), than persons with idiopathic CN. Unlike the leptokurtic distribution of refractive error that characterizes the normal adolescent and adult population, the distributions of refractive error for albinos and for persons with idiopathic CN exhibit no significant kurtosis. Moreover, neither group of subjects exhibits significant kurtosis for refractive errors in the vertical meridian, which corresponds to the retinal-image orientation with the least motion smear during horizontal nystagmus. The absence of significant leptokurtosis in the refractive-error distributions of young-adult albinos and persons with idiopathic CN suggests that the presence of nystagmus may interfere with normal refractive development.
CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells Make Discrete Contributions to Demyelination and Neurologic Disease in a Viral Model of Multiple Sclerosis

ABSTRACT Following intracerebral infection with Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV), susceptible strains of mice (SJL and PLJ) develop virus persistence and demyelination similar to that found in human multiple sclerosis. Resistant strains of mice (C57BL/6) clear virus and do not develop demyelination. To resolve the controversy about the role of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the development of demyelination and neurologic deficits in diseases of the central nervous system, we analyzed TMEV infection in CD4- and CD8-deficient B6, PLJ, and SJL mice. Genetic deletion of either CD4 or CD8 from resistant B6 mice resulted in viral persistence and demyelination during the chronic stage of disease. Viral persistence and demyelination were detected in all strains of susceptible background. Although genetic deletion of CD8 had no effect on the extent of demyelination in susceptible strains, deletion of CD4 dramatically increased the degree of demyelination observed. Whereas strains with deletions of CD4 showed severe neurologic deficits, mice with deletions of CD8 showed minimal or no deficits despite demyelination. In all strains, deletion of CD4 but not CD8 resulted in a decreased delayed-type hypersensitivity response to viral antigen. We conclude that each T-cell subset makes a discrete and nonredundant contribution to protection from viral persistence and demyelination in resistant strains. In contrast, in susceptible strains, CD8+ T cells do not provide protection against chronic demyelinating disease. Furthermore, in persistent TMEV infection of the central nervous system, neurologic deficits appear to result either from the absence of a protective class II-restricted immune response or from the presence of a pathogenic class I-restricted response.
Monitoring tumor motion with on-line mega-voltage cone-beam computed tomography imaging in a cine mode

Accurate daily patient localization is becoming increasingly important in external-beam radiotherapy (RT). Mega-voltage cone-beam computed tomography (MV-CBCT) utilizing a therapy beam and an on-board electronic portal imager can be used to localize tumor volumes and verify the patient's position prior to treatment. MV-CBCT produces a static volumetric image and therefore can only account for inter-fractional changes. In this work, the feasibility of using the MV-CBCT raw data as a fluoroscopic series of portal images to monitor tumor changes due to e.g. respiratory motion was investigated. A method was developed to read and convert the CB raw data into a cine. To improve the contrast-to-noise ratio on the MV-CB projection data, image post-processing with filtering techniques was investigated. Volumes of interest from the planning CT were projected onto the MV-cine. Because of the small exposure and the varying thickness of the patient depending on the projection angle, soft-tissue contrast was limited. Tumor visibility as a function of tumor size and projection angle was studied. The method was well suited in the upper chest, where motion of the tumor as well as of the diaphragm could be clearly seen. In the cases of patients with non-small cell lung cancer with medium or large tumor masses, we verified that the tumor mass was always located within the PTV despite respiratory motion. However for small tumors the method is less applicable, because the visibility of those targets becomes marginal. Evaluation of motion in non-superior–inferior directions might also be limited for small tumor masses. Viewing MV-CBCT data in a cine mode adds to the utility of MV-CBCT for verification of tumor motion and for deriving individualized treatment margins.
Quantizer-less proportional path fractional-N digital PLL with a low-power high-gain time amplifier and background multi-point spur calibration

This paper presents a fractional-N digital PLL that adopts a conventional phase frequency detector (PFD) and a low-power high-gain (>200) time amplifier (TA) in proportional path. Since the TA has narrow input dynamic range, a 7-bit phase interpolator (PI) is used with background multi-point spur calibration. The proposed PLL achieves lower phase noise and better loop gain stability than the bang-bang PLL (BBPLL) that is same structure as the proposed PLL except bang-bang phase detector (BBPD) in proportional path. And the quantizer-less proportional path avoids limit cycle phenomenon for large bandwidths. Nonlinearity of the PI is digitally calibrated in background to reduce fractional spurs to below −50 dBc. The proposed PLL is fabricated in a 40-nm CMOS process and occupies 0.14 mm2. The phase noises are −102 dBc/Hz and −116 dBc/Hz at 300 kHz and 3 MHz, respectively. The PLL consumes 5 mW from a 1.1 V supply and achieves a 534 fsrms integrated jitter from 10 kHz-30 MHz.
Phenological Patterns of Terrestrial Plants

The term phenology is derived from the Greek word phaino meaning to show or to appear. Hence, phenology is defined as the study of the seasonal timing of life cycle events. For plants the seasonal timing of such events can be critical to survival and reproduction. In agriculture the most common failure of introduced crops is the inability to adjust to the seasons imposed by the new, environment (68). In the past few years, interest in the ecology and evolution of timing of life cycle events has grown. Here we review the literature on phenological patterns of germination, flowering, and fruiting (including dispersal).
Urinary NaphtholMetabolites andChromosomal Aberrations in 5-Year-Old Children

Background: Exposure to naphthalene, an International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)-classified possible carcinogen and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), is widespread, though resulting health effects are poorly understood. Metabolites of naphthalene, 1and 2-naphthol, are measurable in urine and are biomarkers of personal exposure. Chromosomal aberrations, including translocations, are establishedmarkers of cancer risk and a biodosimeter of clastogenic exposures. Although prenatal (maternal) PAH exposure predicts chromosomal aberrations in cord blood, few studies have examined chromosomal aberrations in school-age children and none has examined their association with metabolites of specific PAHs. Methods:UsingWholeChromosomePaint Fluorescent in situHybridization,wedocumented chromosomal aberrations including translocations, in 113 five-year-old urban minority children and examined their association with concurrent concentrations of PAH metabolites measured in urine. Results: We report that in lymphocytes, the occurrence and frequency of chromosomal aberrations including translocations are associated with levels of urinary 1and 2-naphthol. When doubling the levels of urinary naphthols, gender-adjusted OR for chromosomal aberrations are 1.63 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.21–2.19] and1.44 (95%CI, 1.02–2.04) for 1and2-naphthol, respectively; and for translocationsOR1⁄41.55 (95% CI, 1.11–2.17) and 1.92 (95% CI, 1.20–3.08) for 1and 2-naphthol, respectively. Conclusion: Our results show that markers of exposure to naphthalene in children are associated with translocations in a dose-related manner, and that naphthalene may be a clastogen. Impact: Indoor exposure to elevated levels of naphthalene is prevalent in large regions of the world. This study is the first to present an association between a marker of naphthalene exposure and a precarcinogenic effect in humans. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(7); 1191–202. 2012 AACR.