Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Infrared vehicle recognition using unsupervised feature learning based on K-feature

Subject to the complex battlefield environment, it is difficult to establish a complete knowledge base in practical application of vehicle recognition algorithms. The infrared vehicle recognition is always difficult and challenging, which plays an important role in remote sensing. In this paper we propose a new unsupervised feature learning method based on K-feature to recognize vehicle in infrared images. First, we use the target detection algorithm which is based on the saliency to detect the initial image. Then, the unsupervised feature learning based on K-feature, which is generated by Kmeans clustering algorithm that extracted features by learning a visual dictionary from a large number of samples without label, is calculated to suppress the false alarm and improve the accuracy. Finally, the vehicle target recognition image is finished by some post-processing. Large numbers of experiments demonstrate that the proposed method has satisfy recognition effectiveness and robustness for vehicle recognition in infrared images under complex backgrounds, and it also improve the reliability of it.
Molecular dimensions and permeability of C . elegans INX-6 channels-1-Oligomeric structure and functional characterization of C . elegans innexin-6 gap junction channels

From Cellular and Structural Physiology Institute (CeSPI), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan Department of Basic Medical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Oiwake, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan Biological Information Research Center (BIRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-41-6, Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
A functionalist perspective on social anxiety and avoidant personality disorder

Abstract A developmental–evolutionary perspective is used to synthesize basic research from the neurosciences, ethology, genetics, and developmental psychology into a unified framework for understanding the nature and origins of social anxiety and avoidant personality disorder. Evidence is presented that social anxiety disorder (social phobia) and avoidant personality disorder may be alternate conceptualizations of the same disorder because they have virtually the same symptoms and genetic basis, and respond to the same pharmacologic and psychotherapeutic interventions. A functionalist perspective on social anxiety is formulated to (a) explain the origins of normative states of anxiety, (b) outline developmental pathways in the transition from normative anxiety to social anxiety and avoidant personality disorders, and (c) account for the processes leading to gender-differentiated patterns of anxiety-related disorders after puberty.
The p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase regulates interleukin‐1β‐induced IL‐8 expression via an effect on the IL‐8 promoter in intestinal epithelial cells

Several lines of evidence implicate the p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) in the proinflammatory response to bacterial agents and cytokines. Equally, the transcription factor, nuclear factor (NF)‐κB, is recognized to be a critical determinant of the inflammatory response in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). However, the precise inter‐relationship between the activation of p38 MAPK and activation of the transcription factor NF‐κB in the intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) system, remains unknown. Here we show that interleukin (IL)‐1β activates all three MAPKs in Caco‐2 cells. The production of IL‐8 and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP‐1) was attenuated by 50% when these cells were preincubated with the p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB 203580. Further investigation of the NF‐κB signalling system revealed that the inhibitory effect was independent of the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, the binding partner of NF‐κB. This effect was also independent of the DNA binding of the p65 Rel A subunit, as well as transactivation, determined by an NF‐κB luciferase construct, using both SB 203580 and dominant–negative p38 MAPK. Evaluation of IL‐8 and MCP‐1 RNA messages by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) revealed that the inhibitory effect of SB 203580 was associated with a reduction in this parameter. Using an IL‐8–luciferase promoter construct, an effect of p38 upon its activation by both pharmacological and dominant–negative p38 construct co‐transfection was demonstrated. It is concluded that p38 MAPK influences the expression of chemokines in intestinal epithelial cells, through an effect upon the activation of the chemokine promoter, and does not directly involve the activation of the transcription factor NF‐κB.
Insulin stimulates osteoblast proliferation and differentiation through ERK and PI3K in MG‐63 cells

Insulin has been proposed to be an anabolic agent in bone, but the mechanisms underlying insulin effects on osteoblast differentiation are still not clear. To explore the mechanisms of action of insulin on osteoblast growth and differentiation, human osteoblastic cell line‐MG‐63 was used and stimulated by insulin in the presence or absence of ERK inhibitor PD98059, PI3‐K inhibitor LY294002, or inhibitor PD98059 + LY294002. The results showed that insulin positively regulated the expression of its receptor. Insulin stimulated the proliferation of MG‐63 cells in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner and blockade of both MAPK and PI3K pathways could inhibit the cell proliferation. In addition, ALP activity, the secretion of type I collagen, OC gene expression, and mineralized nodule formation were increased in the insulin treated group, whereas these indicators were decreased after treatment with blocking agents. However, treatment with PI3‐K inhibitor LY294002 significantly reversed the down‐regulation of Runx2 expression and treatment with ERK inhibitor PD98059 remarkably decreased up‐regulation of Osx and IGF‐1 expression after insulin treatment. Therefore, the data obtained from this study suggested that insulin promoted osteoblast proliferation and differentiation through MAPK and PI3K pathway in MG‐63 cells. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of oxidation on the surface of a polymer through photography

Oxidation in polymeric materials and special polyurethane is manifested by a yellow color, highly visible in white soles for footwear, besides presenting changes in its properties. Its importance varies according to the application of the material for which it was created. The most common way to detect this process is through a visual color change on the surface. In the present proposal we present a technique using digital photography for quantifying the color change in the polymer. The analysis of the photography is realized by means of projective geometry, since, relates the plane of the object and the one of the image of the object. This allows determining the area of the studied object, and by means of a histogram, which is determined each time for to record the progress of oxidation on the surface of the material. We present results of visual analysis and its behavior through a mathematical model. Keyword: Oxidation, polymeric materials, digital photography, histogram
Data center links beyond 100 Gbit/s per wavelength

Increased traffic demands within and between data centers now necessitate low-cost and low-power systems with per-wavelength bit rates beyond what can be easily achieved using conventional on/off keying. We review spectrally efficient links based on direct detection, Stokes vector detection, coherent detection and deferentially coherent detection for data center applications. We show that limited spectral efficiency and power margin will inhibit scaling of direct detection-compatible formats beyond 100 Gbit/s. Stokes vector receivers can provide higher spectral efficiency without requiring a local oscillator laser, but require power-hungry analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and digital signal processing (DSP). Similarly, existing DSP-based coherent systems designed for long-haul transmission may be excessively complex and power-hungry for short-reach data center links. We present low-power DSP-free coherent and differentially coherent alternatives that avoid high-speed ADCs and DSP and achieve similar performance to their DSP-based counterparts in intra-data center links and dispersion- compensated inter-data center links.
Iterative Ecological Radiation and Convergence during the Evolutionary History of Damselfishes (Pomacentridae)

Coral reef fishes represent one of the most spectacularly diverse assemblages of vertebrates on the planet, but our understanding of their mode of diversification remains limited. Here we test whether the diversity of the damselfishes (Pomacentridae), one of the most species-rich families of reef-associated fishes, was produced by a single or multiple adaptive radiation(s) during their evolutionary history. Tests of the tempo of lineage diversification using a time-calibrated phylogeny including 208 species revealed that crown pomacentrid diversification has not slowed through time as expected under a scenario of a single adaptive radiation resulting from an early burst of diversification. Evolutionary modeling of trophic traits similarly rejected the hypothesis of early among-lineage partitioning of ecologically important phenotypic diversity. Instead, damselfishes are shown to have experienced iterative convergent radiations wherein subclades radiate across similar trophic strategies (i.e., pelagic feeders, benthic feeders, intermediate) and morphologies. Regionalization of coral reefs, competition, and functional constraints may have fueled iterative ecological radiation and convergent evolution of damselfishes. Through the Pomacentridae, we illustrate that radiations may be strongly structured by the nature of the constraints on diversification.
Applications of Second Order Cone Programming

A significant special case of the problems which could be solved were those whose constraints were given by semidefinite cones. A Semidefinite Program (SDP) is an optimisation over the intersection of an affine set and cone of positive semidefinite matrices (Alizadeh and Goldfarb, 2001). Cone programming is discussed more in Section 3. Within semidefinite programming there is a smaller set of problems which can be modelled as Second Order Cone Programs (SOCPs), discussed more in Section 4. These have a wide range of applications, some of which are discussed in Section 5, and can still be solved efficiently using interior point methods. Lobo et al. (1998) justifies that the study of SOCPs in their own right is warranted. Software for solving SOCPs is now readily available, see Mittelmann (2012) for an overview on existing code.
Analysis of standing waves in submillimeter-wave optics

In this paper, we continue to investigate a theoretical framework based on Gaussian Beam Mode Analysis for modelling standing waves in submillimetre optical systems with experimental verification. Standing waves or multiple reflections have been traditionally difficult to model but this analytical method proves to be very versatile in first order predictions. In previous papers we reported on the underlining theory and described some important examples including reflections between a feed horn and telescope secondary mirror and also reflections between two coupled corrugated horns. This technique can in addition be applied to reflections between components such as lenses and apertures [1], [2]. As our method uses a full multi-moded scattering matrix description of the corrugated horn, which is then transformed to equivalent free space Gaussian modes, multiple reflections between the source/detector device, located at the back of the horn, and any arbitrary surface in the optical path can be accurately analysed. An overview of the technique is presented including experimental measurements to try to verify our theoretical methods. We investigate mechanisms to reduce standing wave ripples experimentally and theoretically often present in submillimeter optics and try to understand more deeply the form and structure of the reflected power component.
Oxygen sensing PLIM together with FLIM of intrinsic cellular fluorophores for metabolic mapping

Otical imaging techniques based on time correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) has found wide applications in medicine and biology. Non-invasive and information-rich fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is successfully used for monitoring fluorescent intrinsic metabolic coenzymes as NAD(P)H (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate)) and FAD+ (flavin adenine dinucleotide) in living cells and tissues. The ratio between proteinbound and free coenzymes gives an information about the balance between oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in the cells. The changes of the ratio reflects major cellular disorders. A correlation exists between metabolic activity, redox ratio and fluorescence lifetime during stem cell differentiation, neurodegenerative diseases, and carcinogenesis. A multichannel FLIM detection system was designed for monitoring the redox state of NAD(P)H and FAD+ and other intrinsic fluorophores as protoporphyrin IX. In addition, the unique upgrade is useful to perform FLIM and PLIM (phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy) simultaneously. PLIM is a promising method to investigate oxygen sensing in biomedical samples. In detail, the oxygen-dependent quenching of phosphorescence of some compounds as transition metal complexes enables measuring of oxygen partial pressure (pO2). Using a two-channel FLIM/PLIM system we monitored intrinsic pO2 by PLIM simultaneously with NAD(P)H by FLIM providing complex metabolic and redox imaging of living cells. Physico-chemical properties of oxygen sensitive probes define certain parameters including their localisation. We present results of some ruthenium based complexes including those specifically bound to mitochondria.
Feature-enhanced computational infrared imaging

Super-resolution for infrared imaging is motivated by the high cost and practical limitations of obtai ning large focal plane arrays. Methods in the literature require the optic al system to be modified. Here, we propose a compre ssiv sensing based method for super-resolution using the inherent poin t spread function of the camera. The proposed metho d pr duces high resolution images and is robust against missing pix els. We then compare our method to other super-reso lution methods in the literature and show that our method performs well f or practical usage without any modification to the optical system.
Modular Learning in Neural Networks

In the development of large-scale knowledge networks much recent progress has been inspired by connections to neurobiology. An important component of any "neural" network is an accompanying learning algorithm. Such an algorithm, to be biologically plausible, must work for very large numbers of units. Studies of large-scale systems have so far been restricted to systems Without internal units (units With no direct connections to the input or output). Internal units are crucial to such systems as they are the means by which a system can encode high-order regularities (or invariants) that are Implicit in its inputs and outputs. Computer simulations of learning using internal units have been restricted to small-scale systems. This paper describes away of coupling autoassociative learning modules Into hierarchies that should greatly improve the performance of learning algorithms in large-scale systems. The Idea has been tested experimentally with positive results.
MAPPER: high-throughput maskless lithography

MAPPER Lithography is developing a maskless lithography technology based on massively-parallel electron-beam writing with high speed optical data transport for switching the electron beams. In this way optical columns can be made with a throughput of 10-20 wafers per hour. By clustering several of these systems together high throughputs can be realized in a small footprint. This enables a highly cost-competitive alternative to double patterning and EUV alternatives[1]. In 2009 MAPPER shipped two systems one to TSMC and one to CEA-Leti. Both systems will be used to verify the applicability of MAPPER's technology for CMOS manufacturing. This paper presents a status update on the development of the MAPPER system over the past year. First an overview will be presented how to scale the current system to a 10 wph machine which can consequently be used in a cluster configuration to enable 100 wph throughputs. Then the results of today's (pre-) alpha systems with 300 mm wafer capability are presented from the machines at MAPPER, TSMC and CEA-Leti.
Presynaptic adenosine A1 receptors regulate retinohypothalamic neurotransmission in the hamster suprachiasmatic nucleus.

Adenosine has been implicated as a modulator of retinohypothalamic neurotransmission in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the seat of the light-entrainable circadian clock in mammals. Intracellular recordings were made from SCN neurons in slices of hamster hypothalamus using the in situ whole-cell patch clamp method. A monosynaptic, glutamatergic, excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) was evoked by stimulation of the optic nerve. The EPSC was blocked by bath application of the adenosine A(1) receptor agonist cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) in a dose-dependent manner with a half-maximal concentration of 1.7 microM. The block of EPSC amplitude by CHA was antagonized by concurrent application of the adenosine A(1) receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX). The adenosine A(2A) receptor agonist CGS21680 was ineffective in attenuating the EPSC at concentrations up to 50 microM. Trains of four consecutive stimuli at 25 ms intervals usually depressed the EPSC amplitude. However, after application of CHA, consecutive responses displayed facilitation of EPSC amplitude. The induction of facilitation by CHA suggested a presynaptic mechanism of action. After application of CHA, the frequency of spontaneous EPSCs declined substantially, while their amplitude distribution was unchanged or slightly reduced, again suggesting a mainly presynaptic site of action for CHA. Application of glutamate by brief pressure ejection evoked a long-lasting inward current that was unaffected by CHA at concentrations sufficient to reduce the evoked EPSC amplitude substantially (1 to 5 microM), suggesting that postsynaptic glutamate receptor-gated currents were unaffected by the drug. Taken together, these observations indicate that CHA inhibits optic nerve-evoked EPSCs in SCN neurons by a predominantly presynaptic mechanism.
A novel method to detect shadows on multispectral images

Shadowing occurs when the direct light coming from a light source is obstructed by high human made structures, mountains or clouds. Since shadow regions are illuminated only by scattered light, true spectral properties of the objects are not observed in such regions. Therefore, many object classification and change detection problems utilize shadow detection as a preprocessing step. Besides, shadows are useful for obtaining 3D information of the objects such as estimating the height of buildings. With pervasiveness of remote sensing images, shadow detection is ever more important. This study aims to develop a shadow detection method on multispectral images based on the transformation of C1C2C3 space and contribution of NIR bands. The proposed method is tested on Worldview-2 images covering Ankara, Turkey at different times. The new index is used on these 8-band multispectral images with two NIR bands. The method is compared with methods in the literature.
Design and development of a high sensitive low cost fiber optic refractometer

A simple and low-cost fiber optic refractometer has been designed and demonstrated. The sensor is configured by etching a short region of a standard single-mode circularly bent fiber. Circularly bent three fiber loops are etched in equal lengths and arranged parallel to each other. The working principle of the sensor is by detecting the evanescent field modulation with respect to the change in ambient refractive index. In the present study glycerin solution with various concentrations, possessing different refractive indices is chosen as the ambient. Bent and etched optical fiber sensors have increased sensing capabilities but they are very much prone to fracture and breakage. The proposed sensor is stable showing very less tendency towards any breakage or fracture. The sensitivity of the sensor is tested for glycerin with different concentrations. It is evident from the experimental results that with the increase of glycerin concentration the output intensity of the sensor is decreased linearly. The proposed sensor may find applications in detecting various chemical species and biochemical applications.
Patients Treated with Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation Have Long‐Term Rates of Death, Stroke, and Dementia Similar to Patients Without Atrial Fibrillation

Outcomes in Patients With AF. Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) adversely impacts mortality, stroke, heart failure, and dementia. AF ablation eliminates AF in most patients. We evaluated the long‐term impact of AF ablation on mortality, heart failure (HF), stroke, and dementia in a large system‐wide patient population.
Polymyositis and dermatomyositis: short term and longterm outcome, and predictive factors of prognosis.

OBJECTIVE To assess short term and longterm outcome of polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM), and predictive variables of PM/DM course. METHODS The medical records of 77 consecutive patients with PM/DM were reviewed. The criteria for PM/DM diagnosis were based upon Bohan and Peter criteria. RESULTS Thirty-one patients (40%) achieved remission of PM/DM, whereas 33 (43%) improved and 13 (17%) worsened their clinical status. Short term recurrences of PM/DM (during tapering of therapy) occurred in 36 patients and longterm recurrences (after discontinuation of therapy) in 9 patients. PM/DM were associated with both decreased functional status and quality of life at longterm followup: (1) only 52% of patients considered to be in remission experienced a return to previous normal activities; and (2) 45% of the other patients with nonremitting PM/DM still had a marked reduction of activities (as shown by the disability scale of the Health Assessment Questionnaire). Overall mortality was as high as 22%, and the main causes of death were cancer and lung complications. Factors associated with PM/DM remission were younger age and shorter duration of clinical manifestations prior to therapy initiation. Variables associated with poor outcome of PM/DM were older age, pulmonary and esophageal involvement, and cancer. CONCLUSION Our series shows both high morbidity and mortality related to PM/DM, emphasizing that management of PM/DM patients at an early stage is required. Lung complications (i.e., aspiration pneumonia due to PM/DM related esophageal dysfunction and ventilatory insufficiency) were one of the main causes of death in our series, indicating that investigating for subclinical esophageal and lung impairment should become an integral part of initial PM/DM evaluation. The presence of poor prognostic factors should prompt both close followup and aggressive therapy in patients with PM/DM.