Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Advances in understanding the postreceptor mechanisms of action of GM‐CSF, G‐CSF, and Steel factor

Intracellular signaling events occurring downstream of receptor activation for the colony‐stimulating factors GM‐CSF and G‐CSF and Steel factor the latter a member of the tyrosine kinase receptor family of hematopoietic growth factors, are discussed. Hematopoietic signaling pathways, including the Ras/Raf‐1/MAP kinase cascade and the Jak‐STAT pathway are defined and links existing between separate signaling pathways are discussed. Emphasis is given to exploring the relationships that exist between activation of receptor‐associated proteins and signal transduction pathways, and the regulation of gene transcription, translation, and hematopoietic cell proliferation. A model system exploring the synergistic interaction between GM‐CSF and Steel factor in the regulation of hematopoietic cell proliferation is presented.
Flame and Trident Plasma Emissions of Single Rectangular-Shaped Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet

A single atmospheric pressure plasma jet device using a rectangular tube has been proposed for generating the intense glow plasmas. Two plasma regimes were found to exist in the same plasma structure under changes of gas flow rate and applied voltage conditions: the flame plasma regime and the trident plasma regime. When the gas flow rate and applied voltage were at low values, the flame glow plasma was produced, whereas the trident glow plasma was produced when the gas flow rate and applied voltage were at high values. Under identical electrical driving and gas conditions in each plasma regimes, the optical intensity of the trident plasma regime was approximately two times larger than the flame plasma regime. This highly energetic trident plasma jet is useful in developing novel applications requiring strong atmospheric pressure discharge processes by using very simplified structures, easy fabrication, potable and light weight, wide area, patterning generation, and low manufacturing and maintenance cost compared with the vacuum plasmas.
COMMUNICATION SUR LA CONSTRUCTION DU PORT DE COTONOU (Dahomey)

Un accord est intervenu en 1959 entre lea Gouvernements Ixangais et DahomeBn vue de la construction d'un port en eau profonde sur la c6te du Benin a proximi t6 de ville de Cotonou (Republique du Dahomey). L'ouvrage en cours de construction est un port gagnd sur la mer, en avancee par rapport au rivage, qui a eu pour effet d'intei rompre l'important transit littoral qui s'exerce de l'Ouest a l'Est sur cette c6te. travaux commences en Novembre 1959 sont des maintenant tres avances. D£ja les pe'trol peuvent etre recus dans le port et les navires a marchandises diverses seront recus quai avant la fin de l'annee 1964. La presente communication porte sur 1'incidence tres profonde que le phenomeu transit littoral a exercee sur la conception et les conditions d'execution des divei ouvrages.
Atomic force microscopy analysis of central nervous system cell morphology on silicon carbide and diamond substrates

Brain machine interface (BMI) devices offer a platform that can be used to assist people with extreme disabilities, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson's disease. Silicon (Si) has been the material of choice used for the manufacture of BMI devices due to its mechanical strength, its electrical properties and multiple fabrication techniques; however, chronically implanted BMI devices have usually failed within months of implantation due to biocompatibility issues and the fact that Si does not withstand the harsh environment of the body. Single crystal cubic silicon carbide (3C‐SiC) and nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) are semiconductor materials that have previously shown good biocompatibility with skin and bone cells. Like Si, these materials have excellent physical characteristics, good electrical properties, but unlike Si, they are chemically inert. We have performed a study to evaluate the general biocompatibility levels of all of these materials through the use of in vitro techniques. H4 human neuroglioma and PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cell lines were used for the study, and polystyrene (PSt) and amorphous glass were used as controls or for morphological comparison. MTT [3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐Yl)‐2,5‐Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide] assays were performed to determine general cell viability with each substrate and atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to quantify the general cell morphology on the substrate surface along with the substrate permissiveness to lamellipodia extension. 3C‐SiC was the only substrate tested to have good viability and superior lamellipodia permissiveness with both cell lines, while NCD showed a good level of viability with the neural H4 line but a poor viability with the PC12 line and lower permissiveness than 3C‐SiC. Explanations pertaining to the performance of each substrate with both cell lines are presented and discussed along with future work that must be performed to further evaluate specific cell reactions on these substrates. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AMTB , a TRPM 8 channel blocker : evidence in rats for activity in overactive bladder and painful bladder syndrome

Lashinger ES, Steiginga MS, Hieble JP, Leon LA, Gardner SD, Nagilla R, Davenport EA, Hoffman BE, Laping NJ, Su X. AMTB, a TRPM8 channel blocker: evidence in rats for activity in overactive bladder and painful bladder syndrome. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 295: F803–F810, 2008. First published June 18, 2008; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.90269. 2008. —The activation of the TRPM8 channel, a member of the large class of TRP ion channels, has been reported to be involved in overactive bladder and painful bladder syndrome, although an endogenous activator has not been identified. In this study, N-(3-aminopropyl)-2-{[(3-methylphenyl) methyl]oxy}-N-(2-thienylmethyl)benzamide hydrochloride salt (AMTB) was evaluated as a TRPM8 channel blocker and used as a tool to evaluate the effects of this class of ion channel blocker on volumeinduced bladder contraction and nociceptive reflex responses to noxious bladder distension in the rat. AMTB inhibits icilin-induced TRPM8 channel activation as measured in a Ca influx assay, with a pIC50 of 6.23. In the anesthetized rat, intravenous administration of AMTB (3 mg/kg) decreased the frequency of volume-induced bladder contractions, without reducing the amplitude of contraction. The nociceptive response was measured by analyzing both visceromotor reflex (VMR) and cardiovascular (pressor) responses to urinary bladder distension (UBD) under 1% isoflurane. AMTB (10 mg/kg) significantly attenuated reflex responses to noxious UBD to 5.42 and 56.51% of the maximal VMR response and pressor response, respectively. The ID50 value on VMR response was 2.42 0.46 mg/kg. These results demonstrate that TRPM8 channel blocker can act on the bladder afferent pathway to attenuate the bladder micturition reflex and nociceptive reflex responses in the rat. Targeting TRPM8 channel may provide a new therapeutic opportunity for overactive bladder and painful bladder syndrome.
Combined Design of Disturbance Model and Observer for Offset-Free Model Predictive Control

This note presents a method for the combined design of an integrating disturbance model and of the observer (for the augmented system) to be used in offset-free model predictive controllers. A dynamic observer is designed for the original (nonaugmented) system by solving an Hprop control problem aimed at minimizing the effect of unmeasured disturbances and plant/model mismatch on the output prediction error. It is shown that, when offset-free control is sought, the dynamic observer is equivalent to choosing an integrating disturbance model and an observer for the augmented system. An example of a chemical reactor shows the main features and benefits of the proposed method.
The Prehistorical Implications of Guthrie's Comparative Bantu. Part II: Interpretation of Cultural Vocabulary

The second part of this article opens with a general caveat about the use and misuse of linguistic evidence. Guthrie, on the other hand, presented his data in a way which leaves subsequent scholars free to arrive at their own interpretations. The complexity of his data makes it difficult to achieve a necessary overview, however, and a stylized grid is therefore proposed, enabling the relative distribution of individual items of Common Bantu vocabulary to be plotted and compared. This is particularly important in the case of cultural vocabulary, where geographical distribution is normally related to levels of historical origin or diffusion. Groups of these vocabulary grids, based on Guthrie's corpus of data and his referential zones, are assembled and presented for the following semantic areas: fishing and watercraft, metal-working, pottery, livestock and cultivation (including cereals). Much of the remainder of the article is devoted to an exposition of the way in which these grids may be interpreted historically, including the need to distinguish—as far as possible—between likely cognates and likely loan-words. Attention is drawn to the possibilities (i) that Bantu languages may have begun to diverge substantially in linguistic terms before they began to move widely apart from their secondary and tertiary nucleus south of the forest, and (ii) that there may have been a differential layering, or overlapping waves, of Bantu expansion in the east.
Classification of nilpotent lie algebras of dimension nine whose maximum abelian ideal is of dimension seven

The classification of Nilpotent Lie Algebras has been partially achieved up to dimension eight but this specific problem remained unsolved, since it required an enormous amount of calculations. Nowadays, with the aid of modern computers, it can be solved by designing the proper algorithms. The aim of this paper is to provide the results of the classification of Nilpotent Lie Algebras of dimension nine, whose maximum abelian ideal is of dimension seven.
Fast Dissolving Tablet- A Review

Submitted 2011.09. 28. Accepted for publication 2011.12. 19. The convenience of administration and improved patient compliance are important in the design of oral drug delivery system which remains the preferred route of drug delivery inspite of various disadvantages. One such problem can be solved in the novel drug delivery system by formulating “mouth dissolving tablets” (MDTs) which disintegrates or dissolves rapidly without water within few seconds in the mouth due to the action of superdisintegrant or maximizing pore structure in the formulation. Mouth dissolving tablets are advantageous particularly for pediatric, geriatric and mentally ill patients who have difficulty in swallowing conventional tablets and capsules. The review describes the various formulation aspects, superdisintegrants employed and technologies developed for MDTs, along with various excipients, evaluation tests, marketed formulation and drugs used in this research area. Keyword: Fast-disintegrating tablet, Urea, Sublimation, Mouth Dissolving Tablets
Pathway-Specific Control of Striatal Neuron Vulnerability by Corticostriatal Cannabinoid CB1 Receptors

The vast majority of neurons within the striatum are GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs), which receive glutamatergic input from the cortex and thalamus, and form two major efferent pathways: the direct pathway, expressing dopamine D1 receptor (D1R-MSNs), and the indirect pathway, expressing dopamine D2 receptor (D2R-MSNs). While molecular mechanisms of MSN degeneration have been identified in animal models of striatal damage, the molecular factors that dictate a selective vulnerability of D1R-MSNs or D2R-MSNs remain unknown. Here, we combined genetic, chemogenetic, and pharmacological strategies with behavioral and neurochemical analyses, and show that the pool of cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) located on corticostriatal terminals efficiently safeguards D1R-MSNs, but not D2R-MSNs, from different insults. This cell-specific response relies on the regulation of glutamatergic signaling, and is independent from the CB1R-dependent control of astroglial activity in the striatum. These findings define cortical CB1R as a pivotal synaptic player in dictating a differential vulnerability of D1R-MSNs versus D2R-MSNs, and increase our understanding of the role of coordinated cannabinergic-glutamatergic signaling in establishing corticostriatal circuits and its dysregulation in neurodegenerative diseases.
Delayed diagnosis of multiple sclerosis in a patient with schizoaffective disorder: a case of ‘diagnostic overshadowing’

Many mental health clinicians in Australia may have come across recommendations about the desired terminology (Australian Health Ministers’ Advisory Council, 2013). Thus, we have learned that ‘patients’ and ‘clients’ are not appropriate and that we should adopt terms such as ‘experts by experience’ and ‘people with lived expertise’ (p.5). Likewise, we are told that these people do not suffer from ‘mental illness’, but, rather, that they have ‘mental health issues’, ‘challenges’ and/or ‘emotional distress’ (p.5). One way of reacting to this would be to ignore it as another bureaucratic nuisance. However, by doing so we would turn a blind eye to a number of important issues. First, this terminology only reinforces the already rampant stigma about psychiatry by implying that terms like ‘patients’ and ‘clients’ are inherently stigmatizing. It is naïve to think that psychiatric patients will be less stigmatized if they are called ‘experts’. There is also a problem with logic. Experts usually seek no help for what they are experts on, and why would ‘experts by [psychiatric] experience’ seek help from the mental health staff who may not have the relevant ‘expertise’? Such logic ultimately makes mental health services redundant, although this is probably not the conclusion that was intended. Moreover, what are we to make of ‘experts’ who are hospitalized against their own will? It is hard to find another example where people with expertise may actually be punished for it. Is it a curse to be an expert – the more one knows, the more one is likely to get into trouble? Implicit in the reconceptualization of psychiatric patients as ‘experts’ is romanticizing of mental illness. There is nothing glamorous about psychiatric disorders and suggesting otherwise is hypocritical. Regardless of the debates about the definition of mental disorder, the practical reality is that mental disorders do exist. If they did not exist, there would be no mental health services. Reducing mental disorders to ‘issues’, ‘challenges’ or ‘distress’ will not reduce the stigma, too; it trivializes patients’ suffering and further blurs the already hazy boundary between a disorder and non-disorder. Finally, these verbal, neo-Orwellian acrobatics show the absurdity of trying to be ‘politically correct’ beyond any reproach. That is impossible when it comes to the unpleasant facts of life, for example, a psychiatric admission due to illness. Such facts should not be hidden behind a preposterous and perilous terminology.
Crisis de asma y enfermedades respiratorias agudas: Contaminantes atmosféricos y variables meteorológicas en Centro Habana

RESUMEN: El objetivo del trabajo fue identificar relaciones entre contaminantes atmosfericos, variables meteorologicas y consultas de urgencia por asma y enfermedades respiratorias agudas. Durante el periodo Octubre 1996-Septiembre 1997 se determinaron las medias diarias de dioxido de azufre (SO 2 ), dioxido de nitrogeno (NO 2 ), humo y particulas en suspension menores de 10 μm (PM 10 ) en la estacion de monitoreo de contaminantes atmosfericos del municipio Centro Habana, y las consultas de urgencia por crisis agudas de asma bronquial (CAAB) y enfermedades respiratorias agudas (ERA) en ninos y adultos en 2 hospitales del territorio. Se calcularon las correlaciones lineales multiples entre las medias diarias de las variables meteorologicas seleccionadas, las concentraciones de contaminantes registradas el propio dia (sincronicas) y en el anterior, y las consultas por CAAB y por ERA, en ninos y en adultos. Las concentraciones de SO 2 , N0 2 y humo resultaron inferiores a las permisibles por la norma sanitaria cubana; las de PM 10 alcanzaron niveles riesgosos (media anual 61,2 μg/m3). Fueron observadas relaciones inversas entre los valores sincronicos de la temperatura y la fuerza del viento y las concentraciones de humo, PM 10 y NO 2 ; asi como entre la temperatura y las consultas por CAAB en ninos y ERA en adultos; relaciones directas entre las concentraciones de humo y CAAB en ninos y ERA en adultos, en tanto que las PM 10 mostraron correlaciones directas con las CAAB y con las ERA, tanto en ninos como en adultos. No se observaron relaciones entre las atenciones por estas causas y las concentraciones de contaminantes del dia anterior. Al exceso de la media anual de PM 10 con respecto a 50 μg/m3 se le atribuyo el 2,17 % de las consultas por estas causas.
Safety of Overlapping Surgery at a High-volume Referral Center

Objective: To compare safety profiles of overlapping and nonoverlapping surgical procedures at a large tertiary-referral center where overlapping surgery is performed. Background: Surgical procedures are frequently performed as overlapping, wherein one surgeon is responsible for 2 procedures occurring at the same time, but critical portions are not coincident. The safety of this practice has not been characterized. Methods: Primary analyses included elective, adult, inpatient surgical procedures from January 2013 to September 2015 available through University HealthSystem Consortium. Overlapping and nonoverlapping procedures were matched in an unbalanced manner (m:n) by procedure type. Confirmatory analyses from the American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program investigated elective surgical procedures from January 2011 to December 2014. We compared outcomes mortality and length of stay after adjustment for registry-predicted risk, case-mix, and surgeon using mixed models. Results: The University HealthSystem Consortium sample included 10,765 overlapping cases, of which 10,614 (98.6%) were matched to 16,111 nonoverlapping procedures. Adjusted odds ratio for inpatient mortality was greater for nonoverlapping procedures (adjusted odds ratio, OR = 2.14 vs overlapping procedures; 95% confidence interval, CI 1.23–3.73; P = 0.007) and length of stay was no different (+1% for nonoverlapping cases; 95% CI, −1% to +2%; P = 0.50). In confirmatory analyses, 93.7% (3712/3961) of overlapping procedures matched to 5,637 nonoverlapping procedures. The 30-day mortality (adjusted OR = 0.69 nonoverlapping vs overlapping procedures; 95% CI, 0.13–3.57; P = 0.65), morbidity (adjusted OR = 1.11; 95% CI, 0.92–1.35; P = 0.27) and length of stay (−4% for nonoverlapping; 95% CI, −4% to −3%; P < 0.001) were not clinically different. Conclusions: These findings from administrative and clinical registries support the safety of overlapping surgical procedures at this center but may not extrapolate to other centers.
The association of six polymorphisms of five genes involved in three steps of nucleotide excision repair pathways with hepatocellular cancer risk

Background Hundreds of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the genes encoding nucleotide excision repair (NER) proteins are involved in every step of the DNA recognition–unwinding–incision process, which may affect cancer risk. However, only a limited number of studies have examined the association of NER SNPs with hepatocellular cancer (HCC) risk. Results In screening stage, single-locus analysis showed that six SNPs in five genes were associated with HCC risk, including three risk SNPs (XPA rs10817938, XPC rs1870134 and ERCC2 rs238417) and three protective SNPs (ERCC1 rs2298881 and rs3212961, and ERCC5 rs873601). In verification stage, only XPC rs1870134 was verified to be associated with HCC risk (P = 4.7 × 10−4). Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression and MDR analysis consistently revealed a gene–gene interaction among ERCC1 rs2298881 and XPC rs1870134 SNPs associated with HCC risk (Pinteraction = 0.023). When analyzing the effect of the positive SNP on the mRNA expression, we found XPC rs1870134 GG genotype which was associated with an increased HCC risk showed lower XPC mRNA expression. Methods This study designed as “screening-verification” experiments and included a total of 1472 participants (570 HCC patients vs. 902 controls). We explored 39 SNPs in eight genes involved in NER Pathways, including XPA, XPC, DDB2, ERCC3, ERCC2, ERCC1, ERCC4 and ERCC5, using Sequenom MassARRAY and KASPar platform. Eighty-six cases of HCC and the neighboring noncancerous tissues were subjected to the measurement of mRNA expression level of the promising gene. Conclusions XPC promoter rs1870134 SNP and SNP-SNP interaction were associated with HCC risk.
Dreams in High Fidelity

Dreams in High Fidelity is a painting that evolves. It was designed and rendered with the Electric Sheep screen-saver, a cyborg mind composed of 30,000 computers and people mediated by a genetic algorithm. Physically it consists of a small computer driving a large liquid crystal display. The image is abstract, slowly morphing, and non-repeating.
Special Shape Stone Compound Machining Center Three Dimension Design and Analysis Based on Solid Works/Cosmos

Stone equipments develop for high speed and efficiency, intelligent, compound function direction. Analysis of machining center kinetic function was performed by sport theories. Finished special shaped stone compound machining center three-dimensional concept designing and projects selecting, realized stone turning function and carving and milling function to compound in a perpendicular slippery saddle first time. Kinetic simulation research on machining center was performed using COSMOSMotion, tracked spindle tool output displacement, speed and acceleration data by trajectory tracking, compared with mathematic model and tested correctness. The research indicated that machining range of machining center designed satisfied the requirements of machine.
Comparison of conventional dressings and vacuum-assisted closure in the wound therapy of Fournier's gangrene.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study was to compare Vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) and conventional dressings in the wound therapy of Fournier's gangrene (FG). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study evaluated 54 patients, retrospectively. Following initial removal of necrotic and devitalized tissue, in Group I patients the wounds were covered with conventional antiseptic dressings and patients continued to be treated with conventional dressings. In Group II patients VAC therapy was initiated. The collected data were compared between groups. RESULTS The difference between two groups were statistically significant in terms of number of daily dressing (group I: 2, group II: 0,5), VAS (group I: 8, group II: 5), number of daily analgesics (group I: 4, group II: 2), number of daily narcotic analgesics (group I: 1, group II: 0), duration of mobilization per day (group I: 40, group II: 73 minutes) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study does not determine that a VAC therapy is better than conventional dressings in terms of clinical outcome. However, vacuum dressing appears an effective and successful method, which offers fewer dressing changes, less pain, and greater mobility comparing to conventional dressings in the management of FG patients.
Exercising during pregnancy.

• It is common to feel some mild cramping during exercise. Drink plenty of water and the cramping should stop after you are done exercising. Jimicsiga waa badbaado oo dhiirogelin leh inta lagu jiro uurka caafimaadka caadiga. Haddii aad horay u jimicsatay ka hor inta aadan uur noqon, waad sii wadi kartaa jimicsiga oo isku heer ah. Haddii aad hadeer bilaabeysid barnaamijka jimicsiga, kala hadal dhaqtarkaaga oo si tartiib ah u bilow. Haku riixin nafsadaada si aad u adag. Kala hadal dhaqtarkaaga wax ku saabsan nooca jimicsiga la sameynayo. Waxaa jiro qaar ka mid ah xaaladaha caafimaadka ee laga yaabo inay xadeyso jimicsigaaga.