Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the methods for reactivation and replay analysis

A major task in the history of neurophysiology has been to relate patterns of neural activity to ongoing external stimuli. More recently, this approach has branched out to relating current neural activity patterns to external stimuli or experiences that occurred in the past or future. Here, we aim to review the large body of methodological approaches used towards this goal, and to assess the assumptions each makes with reference to the statistics of neural data that are commonly observed. These methods primarily fall into two categories, those that quantify zero-lag relationships without examining temporal evolution, termed reactivation, and those that quantify the temporal structure of changing activity patterns, termed replay. However, no two studies use the exact same approach, which prevents an unbiased comparison between findings. These observations should instead be validated by multiple and, if possible, previously established tests. This will help the community to speak a common language and will eventually provide tools to study, more generally, the organization of neuronal patterns in the brain. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Memory reactivation: replaying events past, present and future’.
An Exploratory Study of the Promotion Effectiveness of Recommender Systems

Recommender systems have become the most widely used of all marketing activities related to online shopping. Previous literatures reveal that many factors can influence the promotion effectiveness of recommender systems. This study provides an integrated model to investigate the factors influencing promotion effectiveness when using recommender systems, and include ten constructs: information quality, system quality, perceived convenience, perceived enjoyment of process, customer satisfaction, social presence, users' past experience, and promotion effectiveness. While the proposed integrated model with an early-stage experiment was analyzed under PLS-SEM, it demonstrated that promotion effectiveness is affected by information quality, system quality, perceived convenience, and customer satisfaction.
Analysis of Crime Rates in Rizal Province using Crime Forecasting Models

Crime is one of the major problems of countries all over the world, and the Philippines is no exception. Crime prediction and prevention strategies are vital for police forces to face inevitable increases in the crime rate as a side effect of the growth of the urban population. This paper focuses on determining the significant predictors using Pearson Correlation and prediction of crime and crime rates in Rizal Province. Different time-series forecasting models were compared and evaluated to determine the best forecasting model in the crime datasets. Datasets include the disposition of troops, station raw materials/resources and historical data of crime statistics from 2013 to 2017 which were extracted from fourteen (14) municipal police stations of Rizal Province. MAPE was used to determine the accuracy of each model. In testing the normality of the gathered data, the Shapiro test was used, if normal, t-test will be employed otherwise the Wilcoxon test will be used in testing the statistical significance of the prediction. The prediction results can be useful for the police stations to identify problematic regions to patrol and it can be valuable information in decision making specifically in the disposition of patrol manpower and allocation of station resources for a given urban area to suppress crime.
Missing factors that are overlooked in designing a photovoltaic system

The purpose of this research is to study new factors for the design of the Photovoltaic system to generate electrical energy by reviewing factors affecting the efficiency of producing electrical energy, which has not been considered to be important parameters in the design stage and assessment for installation of Photovoltaic system. In addition to the study of secondary sources of the aforesaid information, qualitative research has been studied by an in-depth interview with sample group whose members are engineers and design specialists on the installation of Photovoltaic system to integrate both ideas and bring new important parameters into the design process of Photovoltaic system. From the results of the study, it was found that the important factors are air quality (Particulate matter) and ambient environment (Operation temperature & relative humidity) around the installation area. Both factors should be added into the design process of the Photovoltaic system to make calculation results more accurate when compared with the results from which electrical energy produced after installation completed. The results from this research are supposed to be an addition of new factors to the design process for the design development of the Photovoltaic system in the future.
DQ-DASH

The significant popularity of HTTP adaptive video streaming (HAS), such as Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH), over the Internet has led to a stark increase in user expectations in terms of video quality and delivery robustness. This situation creates new challenges for content providers who must satisfy the Quality-of-Experience (QoE) requirements and demands of their customers over a best-effort network infrastructure. Unlike traditional single server DASH, we developed a Distributed Queuing theory bitrate adaptation algorithm for DASH (DQ-DASH) that leverages the availability of multiple servers by downloading segments in parallel. DQ-DASH uses a Mx/D/1/K queuing theory based bitrate selection in conjunction with the request scheduler to download subsequent segments of the same quality through parallel requests to reduce quality fluctuations. DQ-DASH facilitates the aggregation of bandwidth from different servers and increases fault-tolerance and robustness through path diversity. The resulting resilience prevents clients from suffering QoE degradations when some of the servers become congested. DQ-DASH also helps to fully utilize the aggregate bandwidth from the servers and download the imminently required segment from the server with the highest throughput. We have also analyzed the effect of buffer capacity and segment duration for multi-source video streaming.
A Deep Learning Approach for Face Hallucination Guided by Facial Boundary Responses

Face hallucination is a domain-specific super-resolution (SR) problem of learning a mapping between a low-resolution (LR) face image and its corresponding high-resolution (HR) image. Tremendous progress on deep learning has shown exciting potential for a variety of face hallucination tasks. However, most deep-learning–based methods are limited to handle facial appearance information without paying attention to facial structure priors. In this article, we propose an open source1 Boundary-aware Dual-branch Network (BDN) for face hallucination, which simultaneously extracts face features and estimates facial boundary responses from LR inputs, ultimately fusing them to reconstruct HR results. Specifically, we first upsample LR face images to HR feature maps, and then feed the upsampled HR features into a memory unit and an attention unit synchronously to obtain the refined features and predict facial boundary responses. Next, they are fed into a feature map fusion unit to combine facial appearance and structure information by a spatial attention mechanism. Moreover, we employ a series of stacked units to boost performance before recovering HR face images. Finally, a discriminative network is developed to improve visual quality by introducing adversarial learning strategy. Extensive experiments show that the proposed approach achieves superior face hallucination results against the state-of-the-art ones.
Frame-level Bit Allocation Optimization Based on Video Content Characteristics for HEVC

Rate control plays an important role in high efficiency video coding (HEVC), and bit allocation is the foundation of rate control. The video content characteristics are significant for bit allocation, and modeling an accurate relationship between video content characteristics and bit allocation is essential for bit allocation optimization. Therefore, in this article, a video content characteristics–based frame-level optimal bit allocation algorithm is proposed for improving the rate distortion (RD) performance of HEVC. First, the number of search points of motion estimation is used to evaluate the motion activity of video content, and the relationship between the search points and bit allocation is modeled as the search-points model. Second, the grey level co-occurrence matrix and temporal perceptual information are used to evaluate the spatial and temporal texture complexity, and the relationship between the video content texture complexity and bit allocation is modeled as the texture-complexity model. Then, the search-points model and texture-complexity model are jointly employed to allocate the coding bits for the second and third layers of the HEVC hierarchical coding structure. Finally, the remaining coding bits of a group-of-pictures (GOP) are allocated to the first layer of HEVC coding structure. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, the RD performance and bitrate accuracy are used as evaluation criteria, and the experimental results show that when compared with the popularly used R-λ model–based bit allocation algorithm, the proposed algorithm achieves an average of -3.43% BDBR reduction and 0.13 dB BDPSNR gains with only 0.02% loss of bitrate accuracy.
Product Market Competition and Enterprise Export Behavior: Empirical evidence from the China Industry Business Performance Database

Based on panel data of China Industry Business Performance Database, this paper uses the fixed effect model and the Logit model to verify the impact of market competition on export behavior of enterprises. Through research, it is found that fierce market competition will lead to a decrease in market share of the enterprises within the market and a decline in profit margins, resulting in a reduction in corporate financing and a negative impact on enterprise export behavior; Meanwhile, with the strengthening of market competition, enterprises will make certain changes to increase the advantages of their core products, thereby enhancing the export motivation of enterprises. Through data analysis, this paper concludes that market competition will make more enterprises adjust the allocation of product resources, so that enterprises pay more attention to the development of core products to increase the potential export motivation.
Frequency and carbapenems susceptibility profile of non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli isolated from clinical samples between 2007 and 2012

Introduction: One of the major problems in health services is the occurrence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) by microorganisms resistant to various antimicrobials. Objectives: To describe the frequency and susceptibility profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii to carbapenems in the hospital from Fundacao Santa Casa de Franca, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Methods: The susceptibility of P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii to carbapenems from 304 clinical isolates between 2007 and 2012 was retrospectively analyzed from a microbiology database at the clinical laboratory of the hospital of Fundacao Santa Casa de Franca, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Results: From isolated and identified strains, 236 (5.3%) P. aeruginosa were susceptible to imipenem (2007 - 69.6% to 2012 - 41.7%) and meropenem (2007 - 63.3% to 2012 - 25%). In addition, all 68 (1.7%) A. baumannii isolates were susceptible to both antibiotics. Conclusion: A. baumannii resistance to carbapenems was not identified; however, there was a decrease in susceptibility to carbapenems over the years for P. aeruginosa.
GenMap: ultra-fast computation of genome mappability

Abstract Motivation Computing the uniqueness of k-mers for each position of a genome while allowing for up to e mismatches is computationally challenging. However, it is crucial for many biological applications such as the design of guide RNA for CRISPR experiments. More formally, the uniqueness or (k, e)-mappability can be described for every position as the reciprocal value of how often this k-mer occurs approximately in the genome, i.e. with up to e mismatches. Results We present a fast method GenMap to compute the (k, e)-mappability. We extend the mappability algorithm, such that it can also be computed across multiple genomes where a k-mer occurrence is only counted once per genome. This allows for the computation of marker sequences or finding candidates for probe design by identifying approximate k-mers that are unique to a genome or that are present in all genomes. GenMap supports different formats such as binary output, wig and bed files as well as csv files to export the location of all approximate k-mers for each genomic position. Availability and implementation GenMap can be installed via bioconda. Binaries and C++ source code are available on https://github.com/cpockrandt/genmap.
Regulation of the germinal center response by nuclear receptors and implications for autoimmune diseases

The immune system plays an essential role in protecting the host from infectious diseases and cancer. Notably, B and T lymphocytes from the adaptive arm of the immune system can co‐operate to form long‐lived antibody responses and are therefore the main target in vaccination approaches. Nevertheless, protective immune responses must be tightly regulated to avoid hyper‐responsiveness and responses against self that can result in autoimmunity. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are perfectly adapted to rapidly alter transcriptional cellular responses to altered environmental settings. Their functional role is associated with both immune deficiencies and autoimmunity. Despite extensive linking of nuclear receptor function with specific CD4 T helper subsets, research on the functional roles and mechanisms of specific NRs in CD4 follicular T helper cells (Tfh) and germinal center (GC) B cells during the germinal center reaction is just emerging. We review recent advances in our understanding of NR regulation in specific cell types of the GC response and discuss their implications for autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Large thigh circumference is associated with lower blood pressure in overweight and obese individuals: a community-based study

Objective A small thigh circumference is associated with an increased risk of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and total mortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between thigh circumference and hypertension in the middle-aged and elderly population. Methods A total of 9520 individuals aged 40 years and older with measurement of thigh circumference were available for analysis. The measurement of thigh circumference was performed directly below the gluteal fold of the thigh. The association of thigh circumference with hypertension was tested in logistic regression analyses and reported as odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI. Results Thigh circumference was negatively correlated with systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, and total cholesterol. Compared with the lowest thigh circumference tertile group, the risk of hypertension was significantly lower in the highest tertile group, both in overweight individuals (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.59–0.79, P < 0.001) and obese individuals (OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.38–0.70, P < 0.001). Conclusion In the present study, large thigh circumference is associated with lower risk of hypertension in overweight and obese Chinese individuals.
Retinoic Acid and Lymphotoxin Signaling Promote Differentiation of Human Intestinal M Cells.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Intestinal microfold (M) cells are a unique subset of intestinal epithelial cells in the Peyer's patches that regulate mucosal immunity, serving as portals for sampling and uptake of luminal antigens. The inability to efficiently develop human M cells in cell culture has impeded studies of the intestinal immune system. We aimed to identify signaling pathways required for differentiation of human M cells and establish a robust culture system using human ileum enteroids. METHODS We analyzed transcriptome data from mouse Peyer's Patches to identify cell populations in close proximity to M cells. We used the human enteroid system to determine which cytokines were required to induce M cell differentiation. We performed transcriptome, immunofluorescence, scanning electron microscope, and transcytosis experiments to validate the development of phenotypic and functional human M cells. RESULTS A combination of retinoic acid and lymphotoxin induced differentiation of glycoprotein 2-positive human M cells, which lack apical microvilli structure. Upregulated expression of innate immune-related genes within M cells correlated with a lack of viral antigens after rotavirus infection. Human M cells, developed in the enteroid system, internalized and transported enteric viruses, such as rotavirus and reovirus, across the intestinal epithelium barrier in the enteroids. CONCLUSIONS We identified signaling pathways required for differentiation of intestinal M cells, and used this information to create a robust culture method to develop human M cells with capacity for internalization and transport of viruses. Studies of this model might increase our understanding of antigen presentation and the systemic entry of enteric pathogens in the human intestine.
Observing frequency following response in recording of 500 Hz tone burst-evoked auditory brainstem response

Background and Aim: Frequency following response (FFR) is a neural response with multiple origins. The purpose of current study is to record FFR with alternative and single polarity 500 Hz tone burst stimuli in the setting of auditory brainstem response (ABR). Methods: The population of this observational study consists of 21 adults (n=42 ears) with a mean age of 22.43 (SD=1.51), with 8 out 21 (38%) being female. The participant shows normal results in otoscopy, tympanometry, acoustic reflex, pure tone audiometry, speech recognition threshold, and speech discrimination score. They underwent ABR with a click and various polarities of 500 Hz tone burst stimuli. Results: First, latencies of ABR waveform with the alternative polarity of click and tone burst were compared and then with changing the polarity to single polarity, FFR was recorded in 24 ears (about 57%) using the 500 Hz tone burst stimuli. The results showed that in some patients changing the polarity caused a better morphology. Conclusion: In some cases, FFR can be recorded in ABR setting. In addition, because of large amplitude, they fade away ABR waveforms.
Breast Cancer Drug Delivery Using Solid Lipid Nanoparticles

The current drug delivery system is anticipated to be revolutionized by nanotechnology. Solid lipid nanoparticles are at the forefront of the fast-growing nanotechnology sector in the breast cancer drug delivery. Solid lipid nanoparticles are a new form of colloidal drug carrier system consisting of a nanometer (50-1000 nm) spherical lipid particles dispersed in aqueous surfactant or co-surfactant solution. This review highlights and presents an overview of the types of solid lipid nanoparticles, drug delivery mechanisms, selection of common ingredients, different ways of producing solid lipid nanoparticles and problems associated with solid lipid nanoparticles production. Prospects of solid lipid nanoparticle stabilization can be enhanced through freezing and spray drying. To characterize solid lipid nanoparticles, suitable analytical methods are required. This article also summarizes the study findings of the various researchers on the different methods of preparing solid lipid nanoparticles, additives and their significant results for the delivery of drugs in the treatment of breast cancer. Sujit Nayek, Sajeev Kumar B Department of Pharmaceutics, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Soldevanahalli, Hesaraghatta Road, Bangalore-560107, Karnataka, India Submission: 25 September 2019 Accepted: 30 September 2019 Published: 30 October 2019 www.ijppr. humanjournals.com Citation: Sujit Nayek et al. Ijppr.Human, 2019; Vol. 16 (3): 76-113. 77
Unraveling the Secrets of Filariasis (Medical Mystery) (From Cure to Elimination)

Early symptoms of filariasis include high fever (Filarial or elephantoid fever). It is an exclusive feature of W.bancrofti infection. Repeated inflammatory attacks lead to hyperplasia of the endothelium in addition to cellular infiltration. There is an increase in hydrostatic pressure resulting from the damage to the lymph vessel, which causes an increase in vessel wall permeability. The chronic leakage of fluid contains high levels of protein. The end manifestation of wucherarial infection is Scrotal lymphedema, also known as scrotal elephantiasis, is a "massive enlargement" of the scrotum due to thickening of tissue. Ulceration and secondary infections with bacteria or fungi may occur. Microfilariae usually are not demonstrated in the peripheral blood. Often the "Filarial dance sign" can be seen; which is a characteristic pattern of movement exhibited by adult worms that have been described as rapid and random. Raghavendra Rao M.V*, Sateesh Babu.A, Sireesha Bala.A , Reshma Fateh, Mahendra Kumar Verma, J.Madhavi,Kumar Ponnusamy, Dilip Mathai 1. Apollo Institute Of Medical Sciences & Research, Telangana state, Hyderabad, India 2. Avalon University School of Medicine, Curacao,
New results and problems on Kähler-Ricci flow

— In this paper, I give a brief tour on a program of studying the Kâhler-Ricci flow with surgery and its interaction with the classification of projective manifolds. The Kàhler-Ricci flow may develops singularity at finite time. It is important to understand how to extend the Kàhler-Ricci flow across the singular time, that is, construct solution of the Kâhler-Ricci flow with surgery. The first task of this paper is to describe a procedure of constructing global solutions for the Kàhler-Ricci flow with surgery. This procedure is rather canonical. I will discuss properties of such solutions with surgery and their geometric implications. I will also discuss their asymptotic limits at time infinity. The results discussed here were mainly from my joint works with Z. Zhang, J. Song et al. Some open problems will be also discussed. The paper is mostly expository. Résumé (Nouveaux problèmes et résultats sur le flot de Kâhler-Ricci). — Dans cet article, nous donnons un aperçu rapide d'un programme d'études sur le flot de Kâhler-Ricci avec chirurgie et son interaction avec la classification des variétés projectives. Le flot de Kàhler-Ricci peut développer des singularités en un temps fini. Il est important de comprendre comment étendre le flot de Kâhler-Ricci à travers le temps singulier, c'est-à-dire, comment construire une solution du flot de Kàhler-Ricci avec chirurgie. La première tâche de cette article consiste à décrire une procédure de construction de solutions globales pour le flot de Kâhler-Ricci avec chirurgie. Cette procédure est plutôt canonique. Nous allons discuter les propriétés de telles solutions avec chirurgie et leurs implications géométriques. Nous allons également discuter leurs limites asymptotiques au temps infini. Les résultats présentés ici proviennent principalement de travaux communs avec Z. Zhang, J. Song et al. Nous allons également présenter certains problèmes ouverts. L'article est plutôt explicatif. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. — 53C25, 53C44.