Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of artificial intelligence on the current and future practice of clinical cancer genomics

Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the most significant fields of development in the current digital age. Rapid advancements have raised speculation as to its potential benefits in a wide range of fields, with healthcare often at the forefront. However, amidst this optimism, apprehension and opposition continue to strongly persist. Oft-cited concerns include the threat of unemployment, harm to the doctor–patient relationship and questions of safety and accuracy. In this article, we review both the current and future medical applications of AI within the sub-speciality of cancer genomics.
Histological chorioamnionitis, antenatal steroids, and neonatal outcomes in very low birth weight infants: A nationwide study

Background The aim of this study was to investigate whether some associations between histological chorioamnionitis (HCA) and favorable neonatal outcomes might be linked to those of antenatal steroids (AS) by determining the separate as well as the combined associations of HCA and AS with neonatal outcomes in very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs). Methods This was a population-based study of VLBWIs born at 20–33 weeks’ gestation between January 2013 and December 2015 from the Korean Neonatal Network. A total of 4652 VLBWIs were enrolled for prevalence study. Of these, 2900 singleton VLBWIs were used for outcome analyses to evaluate individual associations of HCA and AS simultaneously with correction for potential perinatal factors and an interaction term of HCA and AS. Results The overall prevalence of HCA was 34.9% (1623 VLBWIs). Multivariable logistic regression demonstrated that HCA was associated with decreased mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29–0.91; P = 0.022), AS were associated with reduction in mortality (aOR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.39–0.90; P = 0.014) and neonatal seizure (aOR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.37–0.86; P = 0.008), and a combination of HCA and AS was associated with remarkably lowered severe intraventricular hemorrhage by interacting with each other (aOR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.25–0.88; P = 0.019). Conclusions We suggest that in VLBWIs HCA and AS may be favorable independent factors for neonatal outcome and may also work in synergy for neuroprotection.
Effect of Solution Properties and Operating Parameters on Needleless Electrospinning of Poly(Ethylene Oxide) Nanofibers Loaded with Bovine Serum Albumin.

OBJECTIVE This paper presents the effect of solution properties and operating parameters of polyethylene oxide (PEO) based nanofiber using a wire electrode-based needleless electrospinning. METHODS The feed solution was prepared using a PEO dissolved in water or a water-ethanol mixture. The PEO solution is blended with bovine serum albumin protein (BSA) as a model drug to study the effect of the electrospinning process on the stability of the loaded protein. The polymer solution properties such as viscosity, surface tension and conductivity were controlled by adjusting the solvent and salt content. The morphology and fiber size distribution of the nanofiber was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS The results show that the issue of a beaded nanofiber can be eliminated either by increasing the solution viscosity or by addition of salt and ethanol to the PEO-water system. The addition of salt and solvent produced a high frequency of smaller fiber diameter ranging from 100 to 150 nm. The encapsulation of BSA in PEO nanofiber was characterized by three different spectroscopy techniques (i.e. circular dichroism, Fourier transform infrared and fluorescence) and the results showed the BSA is well encapsulated in the PEO matrix with no changes in the protein structure. CONCLUSION This work may serve as a useful guide for a drug delivery industry to process a nanofiber in large and continuous scale with blend of drugs in nanofiber using a wire electrode electrospinning.
Disaster Geoarchaeology and Natural Cataclysms in World Cultural Evolution: An Overview

ABSTRACT Liritzis, I. ; Westra, A. , and Miao, C. , 2019. Disaster geoarchaeology and natural cataclysms in world cultural evolution: An overview. Journal of Coastal Research, 35(6), 1307–1330. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Human records of short-term, catastrophic, geological processes, mainly in coastal or fluvial environments, and related phenomena in historic and prehistoric times have to be considered as functions of event intensities and impacts (and damages) caused on ancient human settlements and lives. Catastrophic events, such as, floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, and the collapse of ancient cultures, in particular, those allied to the birth of myths and legends, are the subject of long-lasting, vivid debate. Longer-term, more-or-less consecutive, geological processes and climatic fluctuations have a more pronounced effect on human history. Historical accounts provide many descriptions about cultural evolution in a recurrent manner. The geoarchives (geology, sedimentology, and geomorphology) and the human record (archaeology and history) are considered documentary evidence of these past events. Astronomical causes have introduced severe phenomena (warming, heavy precipitation, monsoons, droughts) imposed on ancient societies, including catastrophic meteor impact. Terrestrial upheavals and astronomical impacts have introduced a nonlinear character of a quasiperiodic nature in transforming human cultural evolution and reshaping the earth's surface. The transient nature of geological, geophysical, and proxy climatic indices, as well as, astronomical phenomena within the solar system, exhibit a wide spectrum of quasiperiodic frequencies as variable and effective environmental factors, which, in addition to anthropogenic factors, reshape the human context. Several conspicuous examples have been reported on mythological deluges and their relation to natural catastrophes. The Anthropocene sea level rise and climatic episodes have had a decisive and prominent role on coastlines and human settlements. Alluvial sediments, sedimentary deposits, and land modifications have drastic effects on settlements. These effects were memorized as floods, deluges, and fallen sky. World examples of disasters derived from the coastal Mediterranean, the Great Flood of Gun-Yu in China, and those from South America, Mesopotamia, and the Middle East and others, were critically assessed with scientific methods.
Effect of anti-C5 antibody on recuperation from ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury

Abstract Aim: The complement system is activated in acute kidney injury (AKI). Anti-C5 antibody targets the common terminal portion of the complement cascade that generate the terminal complex C5b-9 and has a renal-protective effect in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. However, the anti-C5 antibody’s role in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced AKI has not been fully investigated. We therefore evaluated its effect on the pathophysiological cascade of I/R-induced AKI. Methods: Sprague–Dawley rats underwent unilateral right kidney nephrectomies with simultaneous clamping of the contralateral hilum for 60 min (ischemia), followed by reperfusion. In addition to a placebo, two treatment groups received either high or low doses of anti-C5 monoclonal antibody. After 48 h, the rats were euthanized, blood was drawn to evaluate systemic inflammation and to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The remaining kidney was removed for pathological evaluation and intra-renal complement activation. Results: I/R induced significant intra-renal complement activation and systemic inflammation compared with unilateral nephrectomy group. The anti-C5 antibody ameliorated the intra-renal complement activation (intra-renal C3 and C6), reduced systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein, and systemic C3), decreased intra-renal acute tubular necrosis damage and improved GFR (seen by the sensitive marker, serum cystatin C; 1.63 mg/L (I/R + placebo), 1.36 mg/L (I/R + low dose) and 1.21 mg/L (I/R + high dose), p = . 08 and . 03 compared with I/R + placebo). Conclusion: In I/R-induced AKI, the monoclonal anti-C5 complement factor ameliorates intra renal complement activation, decreases local and systemic inflammation and may improve GFR.
Cytokine Induction in Nipah Virus-Infected Primary Human and Porcine Bronchial Epithelial Cells.

During the Nipah virus (NiV) outbreak in Malaysia, pigs and humans were infected. While pigs generally developed severe respiratory disease due to an effective virus replication and associated inflammation processes in the porcine airways, respiratory symptoms in humans were rare and less severe. To elucidate the reasons for the species-specific differences in NiV airway infections, we compared the cytokine responses as a first reaction to NiV in primary porcine and human bronchial epithelial cells (PBEpC and HBEpC, respectively). In both cell types, NiV infections resulted in the expression of type III interferons (IFN-λ). Upon infections with similar virus doses, the viral RNA load and IFN expression were substantially higher in HBEpC. Even if PBEpC expressed the same viral RNA amounts as NiV-infected HBEpC, the porcine cells showed a reduced IFN- and IFN-dependent antiviral gene expression. Despite this inherently limited IFN response, the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8) in NiV-infected PBEpC was not decreased. The downregulation of the antiviral activity in the presence of a functional proinflammatory cytokine response might be one of the species-specific factors contributing to efficient virus replication and acute inflammation in the lungs of pigs infected with the Malaysian NiV strain.
Night-Shift Work Duration and Risk of Colorectal Cancer According to IRS1 and IRS2 Expression

Background: We hypothesized that the risk of colorectal cancer in night-shift workers might be different according to insulin receptor substrate status. Methods: Among 77,470 eligible women having night work assessed in the Nurses' Health Study, we documented a total of 1,397 colorectal cancer cases, of which 304 or 308 had available data on IRS1 and IRS2, respectively. We used duplication-method Cox proportional hazards regression analysis for competing risks to calculate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each colorectal cancer subtype. We measured tumor IRS1 or IRS2 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: Compared with women who never worked night shifts, those working ≥15 years night shifts had a marginal trend of increased overall risk of colorectal cancer (Ptrend = 0.06; multivariable HR = 1.20; 95% CI, 0.99–1.45). Longer duration of night-shift work was associated with a higher risk of IRS2-positive tumors (multivariable HR = 2.69; 95% CI, 1.48–4.89; Ptrend = 0.001, ≥15 years night shifts vs. never) but not with IRS2-negative tumors (multivariable HR = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.54–1.51; Ptrend = 0.72; Pheterogeneity for IRS2 = 0.008). Similarly, the corresponding multivariable HRs were 1.81 for IRS1-positive tumors (95% CI, 0.94–3.48; Ptrend = 0.06) and 1.13 for IRS1-negative tumors (95% CI, 0.71–1.80; Ptrend = 0.56; Pheterogeneity for IRS1 = 0.02). Conclusions: Our molecular pathologic epidemiology data suggest a potential role of IRS in mediating carcinogenesis induced by night-shift work. Impact: Although these findings need validation, rotating night shift might increase colorectal cancer risk in women with abnormal insulin receptor pathways.
Management of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in adults: Limitations of current antibiotics and future therapies

Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in India and worldwide. Evidence indicates that Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and atypical bacteria are encountered with near-equal frequency. Despite guideline recommendations and antibiotic options for the management of CABP, burden of morbidity and mortality is high, which is attributable to a variety of factors. Failure of empirical therapy, probably because of insufficient microbial coverage, increasing bacterial resistance, and adverse effects of existing treatments, underlies the unsuccessful treatment of CABP, especially in India. Multiple novel therapies that have entered clinical development phases have potential to address some of these issues. This article discusses the current treatment guidelines in CABP, management limitations, and emerging potential treatment options in the management of CABP.
Improvement of Streptococcus suis glutamate dehydrogenase expression in Escherichia coli through genetic modification of acetate synthesis pathway

Escherichia coli generates acetate as an undesirable by‐product that has several negative effects on protein expression, and the reduction of acetate accumulation by modifying genes of acetate synthesis pathway can improve the expression of recombinant proteins. In the present study, the effect of phosphotransacetylase (pta) or/and acetate kinase (ackA) deletion on glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) expression was investigated. The results indicated that the disruptions of pta or/and ackA decreased the acetate accumulation and synthesis of per gram cell, and increased cell density, and GDH expression and synthesis of per gram cell. The pta gene was more important for acetate formation than the ackA gene. Using the strain with deletions of pta‐ackA (SSGPA) for GDH expression, acetate accumulation (2·61 g l−1) and acetate synthesis of per gram cell (0·229 g g−1) were lowest, decreasing by 28·29 and 41·43% compared with those of the parental strain (SSG) respectively. The flux of acetate synthesis (6·6%) was decreased by 72·15% compared with that of SSG, and the highest cell density (11·38 g l−1), GDH expression (2·78 mg ml−1), and GDH formation of per gram cell (0·2442 mg mg−1) were obtained, which were 1·22‐, 1·43‐ and 1·17‐times higher than the parental strain respectively.
Improving training methods in brain injury rehabilitation

The effects of therapist training techniques upon treatment outcomes in traumatic brain injury (TBI) has not been widely studied. This study demonstrates that outcome scores are likely to increase when therapists work on outcome-related activities and use identified training methods. Six therapists working with five persons with TBI were subjects for this study. Therapists were targeted because their clients were not making progress on the functional independent measurement (FIM). Baseline teaching data were collected from videotapes, targeting 14 training elements within the areas of task, prompting, reinforcement, and client's behavior. Therapists were given feedback based upon the teaching diagnostic of the decision matrix. The results show that diagnostic-based intervention with therapists can result in direct, immediate, and obvious improvements in outcome measures across patients.
Patterns, influencing factors and mediating effects of smartphone use and problematic smartphone use among migrant workers in Shanghai, China.

BACKGROUND With the popularization of smartphones in China, the conditions of smartphone use (SU) and problematic smartphone use (PSU) among migrant workers are unknown. This study explored the patterns and influencing factors of SU and PSU in migrant workers in Shanghai, China. Furthermore, the mediation effects of PSU in the link between SU and some psychological factors were also examined. METHODS Questionnaires containing the Mobile Phone Addiction Index, Patient Health Questionnaire, World Health Organization Five-item Well-being Index and other items, including demographics, sleep quality, job stress and SU, were distributed to 2330 migrant workers by trained investigators in six districts of Shanghai from June to September 2018. RESULTS Of the 2129 returned questionnaires, 2115 were valid. SU and PSU varied according to certain demographics. Many demographics, psychological factors, sleep quality and main smartphone applications were influencing factors for SU and PSU. PSU played a mediating role in the link between daily SU time and psychological factors, including depression, mental health and job stress. CONCLUSIONS The health influences of SU and PSU on migrant workers in Shanghai merit significant attention. Additionally, it is necessary to develop and target intervention strategies according to the workers' various characteristics and SU patterns.
Different effects of additional ganglion plexus ablation on catheter and surgical ablation for atrial fibrillation: a systemic review and meta‐analysis

The effect of ganglion plexus (GP) ablation in addition to pulmonary veins isolation (PVI) for atrial fibrillation (AF) remained controversial between the catheter and surgical‐based studies. Eleven studies (five randomized controlled trials and six nonrandomized studies) of 1750 patients were included in a meta‐analysis to elucidate the incremental benefit of additional GP ablation in patients undergoing catheter or surgical ablation. Risk ratios were calculated for freedom from AF or AT recurrence after a single procedure. Additional GP ablation was associated with a better rhythm outcome for patients undergone catheter ablation but did not seem to increase freedom from AF/AT for surgical patients. Both paroxysmal and non‐paroxysmal AF showed a positive outcome comparing additional GP ablation with PVI alone.
Contribution of the GABAergic System to Non-Motor Manifestations in Premotor and Early Stages of Parkinson’s Disease

Non-motor symptoms are common in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and they represent a major source of disease burden. Several non-motor manifestations, such as rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, olfactory loss, gastrointestinal abnormalities, visual alterations, cognitive and mood disorders, are known to precede the onset of motor signs. Nonetheless, the mechanisms mediating these alterations are poorly understood and probably involve several neurotransmitter systems. The dysregulation of GABAergic system has received little attention in PD, although the spectrum of non-motor symptoms might be linked to this pathway. This Mini Review aims to provide up-to-date information about the involvement of the GABAergic system for explaining non-motor manifestations in early stages of PD. Therefore, special attention is paid to the clinical data derived from patients with isolated REM sleep behavior disorder or drug-naïve patients with PD, as they represent prodromal and early stages of the disease, respectively. This, in combination with animal studies, might help us to understand how the disturbance of the GABAergic system is related to non-motor manifestations of PD.
Expression of interleukin‐1β in human breast carcinoma

Interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) is a multifunctional cytokine that up‐regulates the inflammatory response. It is not known whether IL‐1β plays a major role in human malignancy. To determine whether IL‐1β might be involved in breast carcinoma progression, the authors measured the IL‐1β content in tissue extracts from >200 invasive breast carcinomas and smaller numbers of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and benign lesions.
ANALYSING THE RATIONALITY OF ANTIBIOTICS IN COMPARING THE DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS IN RMMCH

They are many problems which are caused by healthcare system. This study was conducted to know anddetermine the rational use of antibiotics;drugs were analyzed for appropriateness in dosage, duration of therapyand drug combinations.The mostly used antibiotics in RMMCH are compared in the four departments which aremedicine, surgery,obstetrics and gynecology (OBG) and pediatrics in both outpatient department (OPD) andinpatient.Prescriptions from were collected over a period of 6 months.Prescriptions containing antimicrobial drugswere analyzed for appropriateness in dosage, duration of therapy, and drug combinations. As compared to the allthe departments the more number of antibiotics are used in surgery of about 64.39% as compared to the otherdepartments and about 10% were irrational. And the total number of irrational prescriptions are about 33%. Thedoctors should be aware of prescribing the antibiotics and to reduce the irrational use of antibiotics and theyshould keep them in a control from prescribing irrational fixed dose drug combinations.KEYWORDS: Antimicrobials, outpatient department, inpatient, rational, irrational
Efficacy of Evolocumab vs low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol apheresis in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia and high cardiovascular risk (EVOLAFER01)

Low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis has been considered the last option to treat refractory hyperlipidemia in patients with familiar hypercholesterolemia (FH). Evolocumab is a monoclonal antibody which has shown significant reduction of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) serum levels and cardiovascular events.
Effects of maternal iron status on placental and fetal iron homeostasis.

Iron deficiency is common worldwide and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The increasing prevalence of indiscriminate iron supplementation during pregnancy also raises concerns about the potential adverse effects of iron excess. We examined how maternal iron status affects the delivery of iron to the placenta and fetus. Using mouse models, we documented maternal homeostatic mechanisms which protect the placenta and fetus from maternal iron excess. We determined that under physiological conditions or in iron deficiency, fetal and placental hepcidin does not regulate fetal iron endowment. With maternal iron deficiency, critical transporters mediating placental iron uptake (transferrin receptor 1, TFR1) and export (ferroportin, FPN) were strongly regulated. In mice, not only was TFR1 increased but FPN was surprisingly decreased to preserve placental iron, in the face of fetal iron deficiency. In human placentas from pregnancies with mild iron deficiency, TFR1 was increased but without a change in FPN. However, induction of more severe iron deficiency in human trophoblast in vitro resulted in the regulation of both TFR1 and FPN, similarly to the mouse model. This placental adaptation prioritizing placental iron is mediated by the iron-regulatory protein 1 and is important for the maintenance of mitochondrial respiration, thus ultimately protecting the fetus from the potentially dire consequences of generalized placental dysfunction.