Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Real-time SHVC software decoding with multi-threaded parallel processing

This paper proposes a parallel decoding framework for scalable HEVC (SHVC). Various optimization technologies are implemented on the basis of SHVC reference software SHM-2.0 to achieve real-time decoding speed for the two layer spatial scalability configuration. SHVC decoder complexity is analyzed with profiling information. The decoding process at each layer and the up-sampling process are designed in parallel and scheduled by a high level application task manager. Within each layer, multi-threaded decoding is applied to accelerate the layer decoding speed. Entropy decoding, reconstruction, and in-loop processing are pipeline designed with multiple threads based on groups of coding tree units (CTU). A group of CTUs is treated as a processing unit in each pipeline stage to achieve a better trade-off between parallelism and synchronization. Motion compensation, inverse quantization, and inverse transform modules are further optimized with SSE4 SIMD instructions. Simulations on a desktop with an Intel i7 processor 2600 running at 3.4 GHz show that the parallel SHVC software decoder is able to decode 1080p spatial 2x at up to 60 fps (frames per second) and 1080p spatial 1.5x at up to 50 fps for those bitstreams generated with SHVC common test conditions in the JCT-VC standardization group. The decoding performance at various bitrates with different optimization technologies and different numbers of threads are compared in terms of decoding speed and resource usage, including processor and memory.
Vitamin D, immune regulation, the microbiota, and inflammatory bowel disease

The inflammatory bowel diseases are complex diseases caused by environmental, immunological, and genetic factors. Vitamin D status is low in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, and experimental inflammatory bowel diseases are more severe in vitamin D-deficient or vitamin D receptor knockout animals. Vitamin D is beneficial in inflammatory bowel diseases because it regulates multiple checkpoints and processes essential for homeostasis in the gut. Vitamin D inhibits IFN-γ and IL-17 production while inducing regulatory T cells. In addition, vitamin D regulates epithelial cell integrity, innate immune responses, and the composition of the gut microbiota. Overall, vitamin D regulates multiple pathways that maintain gastrointestinal homeostasis. The data support improving vitamin D status in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.
Analyzing protease specificity and detecting in vivo proteolytic events using tandem mass spectrometry

Although trypsin remains the most commonly used protease in MS, other proteases may be employed for increasing peptide coverage or generating overlapping peptides. Knowledge of the accurate specificity rules of these proteases is helpful for database search tools to detect peptides, and becomes crucial when label‐free MS is used to discover in vivo proteolytic cleavages. Since in vivo cleavages are inferred by subtracting digestion‐induced cleavages from all observed cleavages, it is important to ensure that the specificity rule used to identify digestion‐induced cleavages are broad enough to capture even minor cleavages produced in digestion, to avoid erroneously identifying them as in vivo cleavages. In this study, we describe MS‐Proteolysis, a software tool for identifying putative sites of in vivo proteolytic cleavage using label‐free MS. The tool is used in conjunction with digestion by trypsin and three other proteases, whose specificity rules are revised and extended before inferring proteolytic cleavages. Finally, we show that comparative analysis of multiple proteases can be used to detect putative in vivo proteolytic sites on a proteome‐wide scale.
Broad ligament haematoma after a normal delivery

syndrome varies from 14 to 31% (Lawrence et al., 1999). The mediastinal contamination with microorganisms, gastric acid and digestive enzymes results in a mediastinitis, which is often fatal if untreated. Adverse prognostic factors include a delay in diagnosis, poor general health, increased age and systemic sepsis. The condition is associated frequently with a history of alcoholism and heavy drinking (40%) together with known gastroduodenal disease (41%) (Brauer et al., 1997). Prompt recourse to primary surgical closure improves prognosis, especially when sepsis has occurred. In this case there were no signs of sepsis, the patient’s pulse, blood pressure, and temperature remained stable, and the symptoms of severe chest pain settled over 24 hours. A Gastrograffin swallow performed 4 days following the onset of symptoms was reported as normal, suggesting the perforation had closed spontaneously. Several case reports have been cited on the successful conservative management of Boerhaave’s syndrome (Ivey et al., 1981; Troum et al., 1994) where intravenous antibiotics and maintaining the patient on nil by mouth have been employed. In these cases, in the absence of sepsis and of contamination of the pleural space, the perforation may be contained such that the fluid is unable to leak into the mediastinal and pleural cavities. Perforation occurring during the second stage of labour has not been documented previously. There has been one case reported that occurred during pregnancy (Woolford et al., 1993), but this was related to hyperemesis gravidarum and occurred in a 15-year-old girl. She presented at 8 weeks’ gestation with chest pain and surgical emphysema. Diagnosis was made on chest X-ray. She was also managed successfully conservatively by fasting, intravenous antibiotics and fluids for 48 hours. In this case, and the one we report, surgical emphysema was a significant clinical feature, suggesting an anterior perforation of the oesophagus, whereas in other case reports (Ivey et al., 1981; Brauer et al., 1997; Lawrence et al., 1999) there was no surgical emphysema and in this situation the lungs and the pleural cavity were heavily involved with contaminated fluid, suggesting a lateral or posterior perforation. As a result, this may explain why the two obstetric patients did well with conservative management and the others required surgical intervention and did less well. Our case report documents a rare cause of chest pain following vaginal delivery. The diagnosis was delayed as a chest X-ray was not performed at initial presentation. Conservative management in the absence of systemic sepsis appears to be an acceptable treatment option as an alternative to thoracotomy in the early postnatal period.
The psychiatric comorbidity of epilepsy

Several studies have assessed the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in epilepsy. They are characterized by considerable heterogeneity, because of differences in the population setting and type of study. A non‐systematic review of the literature allows us to draw some useful, although not definite, conclusions. Six per cent of people with epilepsy in the general population appear to suffer from a psychiatric disorder, while this rises to 10–20% in populations with temporal lobe and/or refractory epilepsy. Mood disorders are the most common culprit (24–74%), particularly depression (30%), followed by anxiety disorders (10–25%), psychoses (2–7%) and personality disorders (1–2%). This comorbidity appears to be related to endogenous and exogenous (including iatrogenic) factors and to the severity and chronicity of epilepsy. Conditions such as schizophrenia‐like psychosis of epilepsy and interictal dysphoric disorder are represented only in epilepsy. Adequate recognition and treatment of psychiatric conditions in epilepsy is essential for patient management because of their considerable burden in morbidity and quality of life.
Teduglutide, a novel glucagon-like peptide 2 analog, in the treatment of patients with short bowel syndrome

Short bowel syndrome results from surgical resection, congenital defect or disease-associated loss of absorption. Parenteral support (PS) is lifesaving in patients with short bowel syndrome and intestinal failure who are unable to compensate for their malabsorption by metabolic or pharmacologic adaptation. Together, the symptoms of short bowel syndrome and the inconvenience and complications in relation to PS (e.g. catheter-related blood steam infections, central thrombosis and intestinal failure associated liver disease) may impair the quality of life of patients. The aim of treatment is to maximize intestinal absorption, minimize the inconvenience of diarrhea, and avoid, reduce or eliminate the need for PS to achieve the best possible quality of life for the patient. Conventional treatments include dietary manipulations, oral rehydration solutions, and antidiarrheal and antisecretory treatments. However, the evidence base for these interventions is limited and treatments that improve the structural and functional integrity of the remaining intestine are needed. Teduglutide, an analog of glucagon-like peptide 2, improves intestinal rehabilitation by promoting mucosal growth and possibly by restoring gastric emptying and secretion, thereby reducing intestinal losses and promoting intestinal absorption. In a 3-week, phase II balance study, teduglutide reduced diarrhea by around 700 g/day and fecal energy losses by around 0.8 MJ/day. In two randomized, placebo-controlled, 24-week, phase III studies, similar findings were obtained when evaluating the fluid composite effect, which is the sum of the beneficial effects of teduglutide – reduction in the need for PS, increase in urine production and reduction in oral fluid intake. The fluid composite effect reflects the increase in intestinal fluid absorption (and the concomitant reduction in diarrhea) and may be used in studies in which metabolic balance assessments are not performed. In studies of up to 24 weeks’ duration, teduglutide appears to be safe and well tolerated. Treatment with teduglutide was associated with enhancement or restoration of the structural and functional integrity of the remaining intestine with significant intestinotrophic and proabsorptive effects, facilitating a reduction in diarrhea and an equivalent reduction in the need for PS in patients with short bowel syndrome and intestinal failure.
Semedico: A Comprehensive Semantic Search Engine for the Life Sciences

S EMEDICO is a semantic search engine designed to support literature search in the life sciences by integrating the semantics of the domain at all stages of the search process—from query formulation via query processing up to the presentation of results. S EMEDICO excels with an ad-hoc search approach which directly reﬂects relevance in terms of information density of entities and relations among them (events) and, a truly unique feature, ranks interaction events by certainty information reﬂecting the degree of factuality of the encountered event.
Baseline Fibrinolytic State and the Risk of Future Venous Thrombosis: A Prospective Study of Endogenous Tissue‐Type Plasminogen Activator and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor

BackgroundAlthough isolated abnormalities of plasminogen activation and inhibition have been reported among selected patients with venous thrombosis, it is unclear whether these deficiencies of fibrinolysis are important risk factors for thromboembolic disease. Methods and ResultsTo evaluate whether baseline levels of endogenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) predict the future occurrence of venous thrombosis, levels of these proteins were measured in prospectively collected plasma samples from 55 participants in the Physicians' Health Study who later developed deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism and from an equal number of age- and smoking-matched control subjects who remained free of vascular disease during a mean follow-up period of 60.2 months. Overall, there were no statistically significant differences between case patients and control subjects in baseline levels of PAI-1 (50.5 versus 59.5 ng/ml, p = 0.26), t-PA (13.4 versus 13.3 ng/ml, p = 0.94), or PAI-i:t-PA ratio (6.84 versus 6.58, p = 0.82). No evidence of a threshold effect or trend was seen when these data were analyzed by increasing quartiles of PAI-1 (p = 0.73), t-PA (p = 0.62), or PAI-1: t-PA ratio (p = 0.93). These results were unchanged after multivariate analysis that simultaneously controlled for other baseline cardiovascular risk factors. ConclusionsIn contrast to previous uncontrolled case series and smaller retrospective studies, these prospective data provide strong evidence that baseline fibrinolytic state, as measured by t-PA and PAI-1, does not predict the occurrence of future venous thrombosis.
Where in the World Color Survey is the support for the Hering Primaries as the basis for Color Categorization ?

Since the 1960’s color categorization and naming has been extensively investigated from the point of view of anthropology, linguistics, psychology, philosophy, color perception studies, and computer modeling; and recently the World Color Survey (WCS ) has provided further support for a view favoring the cross–cultural universality of color categorization (Kay & Regier 2003, Kay 2005, Regier, Kay & Cook 2005). Still, there remains considerable uncertainty regarding which of the various factors thought to contribute to the universality of color categorization can be validated as essential features of color naming phenomena across both individuals and cultures. Moreover, it is unclear whether the empirical and theoretical approaches that are typically used in the area, provide an adequate treatment of the various influences contributing to color naming phenomena. The present article re–examines the widely held view that similar patterns of color categorization across cultures are a consequence of universally shared perceptual experiences across (a) individuals within an ethnolinguistic society, and (b) individuals from different ethnolinguistic societies. One central working assumption in the literature has been that both intra– and inter–cultural color naming primarily derive their structure from shared opponent–colors perceptual experience (i.e., salient Hering colors). Here an analysis of WCS results is presented which does not support the usual shared perceptual experience explanation, and suggests the alternative view that Hering color salience is not supported as different from, or privileged, compared to some non-Hering color saliences. It is argued that while perceptual discrimination unquestionably places substantial constraints on individual color categorization, clearly factors existing outside the individual must also substantially contribute to the intra– and inter–cultural color naming phenomena. A shift in the widely accepted view on this issue is needed to account for such univestigated factors.
Modulation of the nuclear antigen p105 as a function of cell‐cycle progression

The characterization of the proliferation‐associated nuclear antigen designated p105 in quiescent and proliferating lymphocytes is described. Through the use of novel flow cytometric and cell‐sorting strategies the intracellular content of p105 was assessed in situ on a per cell basis. These analyses demonstrated the presence of multiple cellular subpopulations within the cell cycle differing significantly in p105 content. The data revealed that the flow cytometric quantitation of p105 levels may effectively discriminate cycling from noncycling cells. Immunogold electron microscopy revealed that the modulation of this interchromatin‐associated antigen was correlated with a significant degree of nuclear restructuring. In conjunction with cell sorting, immunogold electron microscopy and immunoblot controls demonstrated that the cell‐cycle‐related modulation in p105 cannot be accounted for by increased cellular mass or antigen sequestration. The significance of these controls and of the potential role of p105 in cellular proliferation is discussed.
Complications and Long-Term Follow-Up Results in Titanium Mesh Cage Reconstruction After Cervical Corpectomy

Objective The incidence of the complications and long-term outcome with a minimum 2-year follow-up of anterior cervical reconstruction using titanium mesh cage is evaluated. Relevant literature was also reviewed to discuss the potential risk factors of the complications of this procedure. Methods From 1999 to 2003, 26 patients with cervical spine disorders, (12 patients with OPLL, 7 with cervical spondylosis, 3 with vertebral tumors, 2 with osteomyelitis, and 2 with traumatic lesions) were operated on by this procedure. The series included 14 males and 12 females with a mean age of 60.9 years. Corpectomy was performed on 1 (14 cases), 2 (12 cases). Autologous bone fragments were taken from the excised vertebra. Results The average improvement rate as scored on the neurosurgical cervical spine scale was 67.4%. The average follow-up period was 54.3 months (range, 24 to 72 months) in 21 who were followed up, and bone union was observed in all cases (22/22 cases) that could be followed up for more than 6 months postoperatively. The average time required for fusion was 6.7 months. Postoperative complications included dyspnea (1 case) and cerebrospinal fluid leakage (2 cases), which was treated by lumbar drainage, without any additional repair operation. No hardware-related complications or adjacent segment degenerative changes were encountered during the follow-up periods. Conclusions This reconstruction technique yielded good clinical results and helped to avoid complications associated with harvesting bone from the iliac crest donor site. However, risk factors related to the method should be carefully considered.
Migration and core area shifting in relation to some ecological factors in a mountain gorilla group (Gorilla gorilla beringei) in the Mt. Kahuzi region (République du Zaïre).

Es wird gezeigt, daß Berggorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringet) im Gebiet des Mt. Kahuzi (République du Zaïre), wo Bambusbiotope (Arundinaria alpina) mit anderen Bergwaldformationen abwechseln, jahreszyklisch wandern. In der Zeit des Bambusschößling‐Wachstums im Oktober und November halten sich die Tiere in der Bambusregion auf, um die Schößlinge zu fressen. Die übrige Zeit des Jahres wird der Bambuswald nicht aufgesucht — die Tiere leben in den Sekundär‐ und Primärwaldgebieten. Das regelmäßige Wachstum der Bambusschößlinge wird durch die ersten Niederschläge am Ende der Trockenzeit ausgelöst. Il est montré que, dans un groupe de gorilles de montagne (Gorilla gorilla beringet) de la région du Mt. Kahuzi (République du Zaïre), où l'on trouve à la fois des forêts de bambou (Arundinaria alpina) et d'autres types de forêt de montagne, un cycle annuel de migration a lieu. Pendant la saison de croissance des pousses de bambou, Octobre et Novembre, les gorilles se trouvent dans la forêt de bambou. Pendant le reste de l'année, ils évident ce biotope, à cause du manque de nourriture. La saison de croissance du bambou est provoquée par le début régulier de la saison des pluies, qui suit la période de sécheresse importante des mois de Juin, Juillet et Août.
Hypoxia-Mediated Expression of 5-Lipoxygenase–Activating Protein Involves HIF-1α and NF-κB and MicroRNAs 135a and 199a-5p

Hypoxia occurs in a number of pathological states, such as pulmonary, hematological, and cardiovascular disorders. In this study, we examined the molecular mechanism by which hypoxia contributes to increased leukotriene formation. Our studies showed hypoxia augmented the expression of 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP), a key enzyme in leukotriene formation, in both human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells and a transformed human brain endothelial cell line. Hypoxia-induced FLAP mRNA expression involved activation of NADPH-oxidase, PI-3 kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, NF-κB, and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. Hypoxia-induced FLAP promoter activity was attenuated on mutation of hypoxia-response elements (HREs) and NF-κB binding motif in the FLAP promoter. Hypoxia also augmented binding of HIF-1α to HREs in FLAP promoter as demonstrated by EMSA with nuclear extracts. Furthermore, chromain immunoprecipitation analysis showed HIF-1α bound to HREs in native chromatin obtained from hypoxia-treated cells. Next, we examined the role of HIF-1α regulated microRNAs on FLAP expression. Our studies showed decreased expression of miR-135a and miR-199a-5p in response to hypoxia. However, overexpression of anti–miR-135a and anti–miR-199a-5p oligonucleotides led to a several fold increased FLAP mRNA and protein expression. These studies demonstrate for the first time that hypoxia-mediated FLAP expression is regulated by HREs and NF-κB site in its promoter, and negatively regulated by miR-135a and miR-199a-5p, which target the 3′-UTR of FLAP mRNA. An understanding of these regulatory pathways provides new avenues to ameliorate leukotriene formation and hence reactive airway disease, and inflammation in individuals who have sickle cell disease.
A Critical Review on Concept Developments of Corporate Social Responsibility Implementation in Enterprises

In the globalization era, most enterprises already have Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programs. They assume that CSR programs aim to help the surrounding communities and environment. However, some people believe that the main purpose of CSR is only as a means of promotion to obtain more profits. Therefore, this study aims to determine what the actual meaning of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) for the enterprises is. In addition, this study also aims to figure out how the concept developments of Social Corporate Responsibility in enterprises from time to time are. This study uses critical and comprehensive literature reviews of various sources, such as previous studies, books and other information sources ranging from 1953 2013. The results of this study show that CSR has a significant influence upon the enterprises in improving their profits. Furthermore, the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility concept in enterprises experiences growth which is first based on the philanthropic concept, then is turned into the stakeholder concept, and is finally into the social capital concept. For further research, it is expected that other elements are incorporated while examining the concept developments of CSR implementation in enterprises.