Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Caring in Correctional Nursing: A Systematic Search and Narrative Synthesis

Abstract Registered nurses are the primary healthcare providers for offenders in correctional facilities. The way in which correctional nurses care for offenders can be difficult in this context. Following a systematic review and narrative synthesis of literature regarding how correctional nurses show caring for offenders three themes emerged: the struggle of custody and caring (conflicting ethical and philosophical ideologies, correctional priorities that override nursing priorities, safety and security), the need to be nonjudgmental (judgmental attitudes can impact care; focus on health not the crime), and the importance of boundaries. Implications for practice focus on recommendations to promote caring in correctional nursing; the outcome of which will potentially enhance quality of care for offenders and improve working environments for nurses.
A “360” degree view for individual leadership development

Purpose To explore the perceived usefulness to participants of a particular 360 degree leadership survey process to assist an understanding of how ratees receive and respond to360 degree feedback. Methodology The study included a sample of eight new and emergent leaders at one university in Australia who had completed a 360 degree feedback survey. Through semi-structured interviews, they were asked to report on their learning as a result of undertaking the 360 exercise. A constant comparison method of data analysis was used to analyse the participants’ responses. Findings The research study found from the group undertaking the 360 degree feedback process that, in equal proportion, participants reported receiving (i) no surprising feedback but reinforcement and affirmation, and (ii) new insights, with developmental strategies identified to effect change as a result of feedback. The paper argues, from findings of the literature and the study, the importance of a measure of institutional support for the feedback process including sound facilitation. The results of the semi-structured conversations held with the small sample attested to the importance of self-efficacy (belief of capacity to learn and develop) on the part of ratees to act on feedback gained, and of the organisation’s role in assisting self-efficacy in 360 programs. The findings support an incremental theory approach in that participants saw the feedback exercise as an opportunity to improve their capabilities and pursue learning goals over time by acting on development items suggested by the feedback. It is posited that support received by participants in undertaking the feedback activity as part of a program of development contributed to the positive response. The paper concludes by providing some guidelines for conducting effective 360 feedback discussions. Originality/value of paper There is a reasonable body of literature about 360 degree feedback processes from a theoretical standpoint. This qualitative study addresses a relative gap in the literature to explore how participants describe their experience of undertaking a facilitated 360 degree feedback exercise, including whether they gained new knowledge, or no new knowledge. The paper also suggests some principles that might be employed in facilitating 360 feedback to maximise benefit from the process.
Effect of cadmium and cigarette smoking on human semen quality.

OBJECTIVE In recent years, there have been many nonconclusive studies on cigarette smoking and sperm quality. Few studies, if any, have attempted to implicate any decrease of sperm quality. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between cigarette smoking, blood and seminal plasma concentrations of cadmium and lead, and sperm quality. METHODS A total of 184 males who were undergoing initial screening for infertility were included in the study. Tests conducted included semen characteristics (volume, total sperm count, sperm viability, motility and morphology of spermatozoa), and blood and seminal plasma concentrations of lead and cadmium. RESULTS More than 50% and 70% of the subjects had normal sperm density and motility, respectively. The mean concentrations of lead in blood (PbB) and seminal plasma (PbS) were 7.09 micrograms/dL and 12.98 micrograms/L, respectively, while the mean concentrations of cadmium in blood (CdB) and seminal plasma (CdS) were 0.95 micrograms/L, and 0.58 micrograms/L, respectively. Significant correlations were observed between CdB and cigarette-years and sperm density (negative). CdS was significantly correlated with cigarette-years and sperm volume (negative). Significant trends were observed for different categories of cigarette-years with CdB, CdS and sperm density. CONCLUSION Cigarette smoking appears to affect sperm density, especially in heavy smokers. Cadmium (present) in cigarettes could be a possible causative agent for the low sperm density among smokers.
Low-Stage High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinomas: Support for an Extraovarian Origin

Many adnexal high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs) may derive from microscopic precursors in the fallopian tube. By studying a series of low-stage ovarian carcinomas, we anticipated that HGSCs would be distributed in a pattern suggesting secondary involvement, helping to indirectly validate the fallopian tube origin theory, and that most ovarian carcinomas other than serous carcinomas would demonstrate features consistent with derivation from precursors located in or transplanted to the ovary. Seventy-six patients with low-stage (FIGO I/II) sporadic ovarian carcinoma who underwent primary surgical management at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center from 1980 to 2000 were included in the study. Histologic type was assigned using Gilks’ criteria. Similar to the approach taken when distinguishing primary and metastatic mucinous or endometrioid carcinoma involving ovary, cases interpreted as showing a “primary” pattern of ovarian involvement had ≥3 of the following features: unilateral tumor, size >12 cm, no surface involvement, no multinodularity, and no destructive stromal invasion. All other cases were considered to show a “metastatic” pattern of ovarian involvement. Cases were evaluated for p53 and WT-1 expression, using standard techniques on a tissue microarray. TP53 gene sequencing was also performed. Cases comprised HGSC (n=22), endometrioid carcinoma (n=30), clear cell carcinoma (n=13), and mucinous carcinoma (n=11). HGSCs displayed substantially more “metastatic features” than the non-HGSC group and a mean overall size that was smaller (8.85 vs. 14.1 cm). Statistically significant differences were found for bilaterality (63% vs. 7.3%), P=0.0001; multinodularity (55% vs. 7.3%), P=0.0001; tumor size, P=0.003; and surface involvement (50% vs. 13%), P=0.002. Five of 22 (23%) of HGSCs showed a “primary pattern” of ovarian involvement. There were no significant differences between these cases and “metastatic pattern” HGSCs when comparing morphology, immunophenotype, TP53 mutational status, and clinical outcomes. Most low-stage HGSCs demonstrate patterns of ovarian involvement that suggest metastasis from another source, such as the fallopian tube. Both metastatic pattern HGSCs and unilateral, low-stage HGSCs can behave aggressively.
The Possibility of Parity*

Some comparisons are hard. Who is more creative, Mozart or Michelangelo? Mozart is better in some respects of creativity, Michelangelo in others; however, there is no obvious way in which one has the greater creativity tout court. Or take two rather different careers, such as a career in accounting and one in skydiving, or two Sunday enjoyments, such as an afternoon at the museum and one hiking in the woods, or two moral requirements, such as a duty to keep promises and a requirement to avoid causing unnecessary pain. In many such cases, although we agree what considerations are relevant to the comparison, it seems all we can say is that the one alternative is better with respect to some of those considerations while the other is better in others, but it seems there is no truth about how they compare all things considered. Hard cases of comparison are ubiquitous. Indeed, if, as many philosophers believe, the comparability of the alternatives is necessary for justified choice between them, hard cases are very plausibly at the root of moral dilemmas and the most intractable sorts of practical conflict generally. Philosophers typically have one of three reactions to such cases. Epistemicists insist that, although it may be difficult or even impossible to determine how the items compare all things considered, one must
Axial motor disturbances after hypoxic lesions of the globus pallidus

Four subjects aged between 29 and 60 years were examined because of axial motor impairment after hypoxic brain injury. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed circumscribed lesions of the globus pallidus in every case. The association of freezing of the gait, speech disorders, axial bradykinesia, and postural disturbances, with no rigidity or tremor and little or no distal akinesia, suggests a role of the globus pallidus in controlling axial motion.
Acute‐phase proteins investigation based on lectins affinity capture prior to 2‐DE separation: Application to serum from multiple sclerosis patients

Plasma acute‐phase proteins (APPs) glyco‐isoforms are important biomarkers of inflammatory processes such as those occurring in multiple sclerosis (MS). Specific analysis of these proteins is often hampered by sample biochemical complexity. The aim of our study was to set up a method to accurately visualize, identify and quantify APPs glyco‐isoforms in human serum. An enrichment strategy based on affinity chromatography using the carbohydrate‐binding proteins concanavalin A (ConA) and erythrina cristagalli lectin (ECL) was applied to pooled serum samples from 15 patients and 9 healthy individuals. Image analysis of 2‐DE detected 30 spots with a fold change higher than 1.5. A total of 14 were statistically significant (p value<0.05): 7 up‐regulated and 7 down‐regulated in MS samples. ESI LC‐Nanospray IT mass spectrometry analysis confirmed that all of them were APPs isoforms supporting the idea that the accurate analysis of differential glycosylation profiles in these biomarkers is instrumental to distinguish between MS patients and healthy subjects. Additionally, overlaps in ConA/ECL maps protein patterns suggest how the used lectins are able to bind sugars harbored by the same oligosaccharide structure. Among identified proteins, the presence of complex and/or hybrid type N‐linked sugar structures is well known. Performing galectin‐3 binding and Western blotting, we were able to demonstrate a correlation between hybrid type glyco‐isoforms of β‐haptoglobin and MS. In conclusion, although the patho‐physiological role of the identified species still remains unclear and further validations are needed, these findings may have a relevant impact on disease‐specific marker identification approaches.
nalysis of histone post translational modifications in primary onocyte derived macrophages using reverse phase × reverse phase hromatography in conjunction with porous graphitic carbon tationary phase

A two dimensional-liquid chromatography (2D-LC) based approach was developed for the identification and quantification of histone post translational modifications in conjunction with mass spectrometry analysis. Using a bottom-up strategy, offline 2D-LC was developed using reverse phase chromatography. A porous graphitic carbon stationary phase in the first dimension and a C18 stationary phase in the second dimension interfaced with mass spectrometry was used to analyse global levels of histone post translational modifications in human primary monocyte-derived macrophages. The results demonstrated that 84 different histone peptide proteoforms, with modifications at 18 different sites including combinatorial marks were identified, representing an increase in the identification of histone peptides by 65% and 51% compared to two different 1D-LC approaches on the same mass spectrometer. The use of the porous graphitic stationary phase in the first dimension resulted in efficient separation of histone peptides across the gradient, with good resolution and is orthogonal to the online C18 reverse phase chromatography. Overall, more histone peptides were identified using the 2D-LC approach compared to conventional 1D-LC approaches. In addition, a bioinformatic pipeline was developed in-house to enable the high throughput efficient and accurate quantification of fractionated histone peptides. The automation of a section of the downstream analysis pipeline increased the throughput of the 2DLC–MS/MS approach for the quantification of histone post translational modifications. © 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license
Body contouring surgery in a massive weight loss patient: An overview

ABSTRACT The number of patients with history of extreme overweight and massive weight loss (MWL) has risen significantly. Majority of patients are left with loose, ptotic skin envelopes, and oddly shaped protuberances, subsequent to weight loss. Redundant skin and fat can be seen anywhere on the body following MWL. This group of population presents many unique problems and challenges. Body contouring surgery after MWL is a new and exciting field in plastic surgery that is still evolving. Conventional approaches do not adequately cater to the needs of these patients. Complete history, detailed physical examination, clinical photographs and lab investigations help to plan the most appropriate procedure for the individual patient. Proper counseling and comprehensive informed consent for each procedure are mandatory. The meticulous and precise markings based on the procedure selected are the cornerstones to achieve the successful outcome. Lower body contouring should be performed first followed six months later by breast, lateral chest and arm procedures. Thighplasty is usually undertaken at the end. Body contouring operations are staged at few months′ intervals and often result in long scars. Staging is important as each procedure can have positive impact on adjacent areas of the body. Secondary procedures are often required. However, proper planning should lead to fewer complications and improved aesthetic outcome and patient satisfaction.
Protocols for Secure Routing and Transmission in Mobile Ad Hoc Network: a Review

Mobile ad hoc network security is a new area for research that it has been faced many difficulties to implement. These difficulties are due to the absence of central authentication server, the dynamically movement of the nodes (mobility), limited capacity of the wireless medium and the various types of vulnerability attacks. All these factor combine to make mobile ad hoc a great challenge to the researcher. Mobile ad hoc has been used in different applications networks range from military operations and emergency disaster relief to community networking and interaction among meeting attendees or students during a lecture. In these and other ad hoc networking applications, security in the routing protocol is necessary to protect against malicious attacks as well as in data transmission. The goal of mobile ad hoc security is to safeguard the nodes’ operation and ensure the availability of communication in spite of adversary nodes. The node operations can be divided into two phases. The first phase is to discover the route (s) path. The second phase is to forward the data on the available discovered routes. Both stages need to protect from attacks; so many protocols have been proposed to secure the routing and data forwarding. This is a review study to mobile ad hoc protocols for securing routing as well as protocols for securing packets forwarding. Furthermore, it will present the characteristics and the limitations for each protocol and attributes.
Age-Associated Resident Memory CD8 T Cells in the Central Nervous System Are Primed To Potentiate Inflammation after Ischemic Brain Injury

Aging is associated with an increase in basal inflammation in the CNS and an overall decline in cognitive function and poorer recovery following injury. Growing evidence suggests that leukocyte recruitment to the CNS is also increased with normal aging, but, to date, no systematic evaluation of these age-associated leukocytes has been performed. In this work, the effect of aging on CNS leukocyte recruitment was examined. Aging was associated with more CD45high leukocytes, primarily composed of conventional CD8+ T cells. These results were strain independent and seen in both sexes. Intravascular labeling and immunohistology revealed the presence of parenchymal CD8+ T cells in several regions of the brain, including the choroid plexus and meninges. These cells had effector memory (CD44+CD62L−) and tissue-resident phenotypes and expressed markers associated with TCR activation. Analysis of TCRvβ repertoire usage suggested that entry into the CNS is most likely stochastic rather than Ag driven. Correlational analyses revealed a positive association between CD8 T cell numbers and decreased proinflammatory function of microglia. However, the effects of cerebral ischemia and ex vivo stimulation of these cells dramatically increased production of TNF, IFN-γ, and MCP-1/CCL2. Taken together, we identified a novel population of resident memory, immunosurveillant CD8 T cells that represent a hallmark of CNS aging and appear to modify microglia homeostasis under normal conditions, but are primed to potentiate inflammation and leukocyte recruitment following ischemic injury.
Crystal structures of the noncatalytic domains of ADAMTS13 reveal multiple discontinuous exosites for von Willebrand factor

ADAMTS13 specifically cleaves plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) and thereby controls VWF-mediated platelet thrombus formation. Severe deficiencies in ADAMTS13 can cause life-threatening thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Here, we determined 2 crystal structures of ADAMTS13-DTCS (residues 287–685), an exosite-containing human ADAMTS13 fragment, at 2.6-Å and 2.8-Å resolution. The structures revealed folding similarities between the disintegrin-like (D) domain and the N-terminal portion of the cysteine-rich domain (designated the CA domain). The spacer (S) domain forms a globular functional unit with a 10-stranded β-sandwich fold that has multiple interaction sites with the CA domain. We expressed 25 structure-based mutants of ADAMTS13-MDTCS (residues 75–685) and measured their enzymatic activity. We identified 3 VWF-binding exosites on the linearly aligned discontinuous surfaces of the D, CA, and S domains traversing the W-shaped molecule. Since the MDTCS domains are conserved among ADAMTS family proteins, the structural framework of the multiple enzyme-substrate interactions identified in the ADAMTS13-VWF system provides the basis for a common substrate recognition mode in this class of proteinases.
A model of smoking among inner-city adolescents: the role of personal competence and perceived social benefits of smoking.

BACKGROUND Based on current trends, smoking will remain a major public health problem in the 21st century. Effective smoking prevention approaches offer the best hope for decreasing the rise in adolescent smoking rates. Competence enhancement approaches to smoking prevention are among the most successful. Yet, there is not a full understanding of how effective prevention approaches work. This study tests whether a deficiency in competence (poor decision-making skills and low personal efficacy) is linked to acquiring beliefs in the perceived benefits of smoking and whether these perceived benefits are then related to subsequent smoking. METHODS A sample of 1459 students attending 22 middle and junior high schools in New York City participated. Students completed surveys at baseline, 1-year follow-up and 2-year follow-up during a regular class period. They self-reported smoking, decision-making skills, personal efficacy and beliefs in the perceived benefits of smoking. RESULTS The tested structural equation model had a good fit and was parsimonious and consistent with the theory underlying the competence approach to smoking prevention. CONCLUSIONS This research highlights the importance of addressing decision-making skills, personal efficacy, and beliefs in the social benefits of smoking within adolescent smoking prevention programs.
Observation of significant signal voids in images of large biological samples at 11.1 T

Proton MRI of large biological samples were obtained on an 11.1 T / 40 cm instrument. Images were obtained of a fixed human brain and a large piece of fresh beef. The proton MR images demonstrate severe distortions within these conductive samples, indicative of shortened electrical wavelengths and wave behavior within the sample. These observations have significant implications with respect to the continuing evolution of MR to higher magnetic field strengths on large samples, particularly on humans. Magn Reson Med 51:1103–1107, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Peroxynitrite Is the Major Species Formed from Different Flux Ratios of Co-generated Nitric Oxide and Superoxide

There is much interest in the nitration and oxidation reaction mechanisms initiated by superoxide radical anion (O2̇̄) and nitric oxide (•NO). It is well known that O2̇̄ and •NO rapidly react to form a potent oxidant, peroxynitrite anion (ONOO−). However, indirect measurements with the existing probes (e.g. dihydrorhodamine) previously revealed a bell-shaped response to co-generated •NO and O2̇̄ fluxes, with the maximal yield of the oxidation or nitration product occurring at a 1:1 ratio. These results raised doubts on the formation of ONOO− per se at various fluxes of •NO and O2̇̄. Using a novel fluorogenic probe, coumarin-7-boronic acid, that reacts stoichiometrically and rapidly with ONOO− (k = 1.1 × 106 m−1s−1), we report that ONOO− formation increased linearly and began to plateau after reaching a 1:1 ratio of co-generated •NO and O2̇̄ fluxes. We conclude that ONOO− is formed as the primary intermediate during the reaction between •NO and O2̇̄ co-generated at different fluxes.
A 1 GHz linearized CMOS track-and-hold circuit

A simple solution for linearization of the MOS sampling switch is proposed. It improves the SFDR of a T/H circuit and is suitable for high-speed applications. Sampling at a constant gate-source voltage minimizes sampling errors due to variable MOS sampling switch ON-conductance and channel charge injection, and also eliminates input-dependent sampling instant variation. The proposed linearized T/H circuit is fabricated in a 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS process. Test measurements show the sampling of a 1 GHz signal.
El acoso psicológico en el trabajo desde la propuesta del paradigma interpretativo

El acoso psicologico en el trabajo se define como toda conducta abusiva (gesto, palabra, comportamiento, actitud) que atenta, por su repeticion o sistematizacion, contra la dignidad o la integridad psiquica o fisica de una persona, poniendo en peligro su empleo o degradando el ambiente de trabajo
The Theology of Joseph Ratzinger: Nuclear Ideas

After a brief historical excursus, on Ratzinger’s masters and the historical sources of theology, I make reference to what I call the sources of his theology: Scripture, liturgy, the Church and the arts constitute starting points for his theology. Later come the so-called basics: first, the person, who presents his or her solidarity with faith and reason, truth and love. Ratzinger is deeply marked by the “experience of the Council”, the doctrine of which applies to ecumenism, the theology of the ministry and even ideas on preaching, eschatology and mariology. So, here I address the area of praxis: as a bishop, Ratzinger has developed his preaching on the theology of creation and the eucharistic mystery and, as prefect, his focus of interest has broadened towards the catechism, Christ and other religions, without forgetting a brief reflection on the Christian roots of Europe.