Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of depression and generalized anxiety disorder in a diverse urban community.

OBJECTIVE This study assessed the prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder among New York City adults. METHODS As part of the first community-specific Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the United States, depression and anxiety were assessed in a representative sample of 1,817 noninstitutionalized adults in 2004. RESULTS A total of 8% had major depressive disorder and 4% had generalized anxiety disorder. Respondents with depression were more likely to be formerly married, publicly insured, younger, and U.S. born. Only 55% of adults with depression were diagnosed, and 38% of those with depression or anxiety were in treatment; individuals with a diagnosis of depression were more likely to receive treatment than those without a diagnosis (61% versus 7%; p<.001). Immigrants with depression were 60% less likely to be diagnosed than their U.S.-born counterparts; immigrants arriving in this country ten or more years ago had slightly more anxiety than immigrants arriving less than ten years ago (3% versus 2%, not significant). Among respondents with anxiety, 23% reported disability compared with 15% of those with depression. Compared with adults with neither diagnosis, adults with depression or anxiety were twice as likely to smoke tobacco (p<.05), adults with depression were twice as likely to have diabetes (p<.01), and those with anxiety were twice as likely to have asthma (p<.01). CONCLUSIONS Mental disorders are often disabling and inadequately diagnosed and treated. Foreign-born adults experience barriers to diagnosis and treatment despite having less depression; anxiety may increase with time since immigration. Increased awareness of and linkage to mental health services are needed, especially in larger, more diverse urban communities.
Influence of Mdgs Capacity Building Workshop on Pupils’ Performance in Learning Mathematics in Zamfara State, Nigeria.

Teachers’ performance in teaching mathematics had over the years been persistently poor and the corresponding effect had been noticeable on students’ performance which resulted in having problem of examination with majority of the students. In order to address the issue, MDGs came in to assist by sponsoring capacity building workshops for primary school teachers so that the problem would be tackled from the grassroots. The paper as such explores the impact of this capacity building workshop and how it assists teachers since its inception on how to increase their level of competence which would help them when they come deliver lesson in the class. Two instruments were used for the study; named Teacher Competence Test (TCT) and Pupils’ Performance Test (PPT). The result of the study shows that there is difference in the performance of pupils taught by teachers that attended the MDGs capacity building workshop. Sixty (60) teachers were selected purposively for the study and four hundred and eighteen (418) pupils were selected to form the sample of the students. Hypotheses stated in the study were tested at 0.05 level of significance. After testing the hypotheses, it was found that both the performances of teachers and pupils were tremendously increased as a result of the capacity building workshop. The paper finally offers recommendations on how to help teachers increase their performance by exposing them to more rigorous academic training and the programme should be extended to senior secondary school teachers.
Epidemiology and etiological diagnosis of infective keratitis in eastern region of Nepal

Objective: This study aimed to determine the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors predisposing to corneal ulceration in patients presenting to Biratnagar Eye Hospital (Nepal). Methods: All patients presenting to Biratnagar Eye Hospital between January 1 and December 31, 2011 with corneal ulceration were retrospectively reviewed. Soci odemographic data and information pertaining to risk factors were recorded, all patients were examined and corneal scrapping and cultures were carried out. Results: Over one year period 1644 patients with corneal ulcer were evaluated, out of which 76.6% of patients were in the age range of 30 to 69 years and 65% of patients had presenting visual acuity < 3/60. Ocular trauma was the most common cause of keratitis accounting for 60.3% of corneal ulcer and majority of the patients (40%) presented after 2 weeks of symptoms. Among corneal scraping positive cases 1150 (70%) showed fungus, 73 (4.4%) showed bacteria and 20 (1.2%) showed both bacterial and fungus. Conclusion: Corneal ulcer continues to be one of the leading causes of preventable blindness in this region. Lack of awareness about gravity of this disease, nancial constraints and geographic barriers remain the major reasons for delay in seeking proper medical help.
Research on ordering and pricing decision of risk-averse manufacturer under exchange rate uncertainty

Based on the global supply chain, which includes two suppliers (a foreign supplier and a local supplier) and one manufacturer (which is risk averse), and considering the exchange rate risk, this paper studies the optimal decision problem of manufacturer's ordering and pricing. Through constructing the optimal decision model, the optimal decision strategy was given. The results show that a higher exchange rate risk or a higher risk-averse degree will decrease the optimal order quantity from the foreign supplier; and a higher exchange rate risk, or a higher risk-averse degree will increase the optimal order quantity from the local supplier. The manufacturer's expected profit increases in the risk-averse degree and the exchange rate risk.
Influence of pH and temperature on the ultraviolet-absorbing properties of porphyra-334

Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAA) are a class of small, water-soluble ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing compounds composed of aminocyclohexenone or aminocycloheximine rings with nitrogen or imino alcohol substitutes. Their absorption maxima are from 310 to 360 nm. They have been reported in green, red and brown algae from torrid zones, temperate zones and polar regions. Approximately 20 MAA have been identified in marine organisms since the 1960s. As natural UV-absorbing compounds with high molar extinction coefficients, MAAs have potential commercial applications in suncare products, such as cosmetics for skin protection, and in the protection of non-biological materials, such as photostabilizing additives in the plastic, paint and varnish industries. Porphyra-334 is one kind of MAA widely distributed among marine algae. It has a maximum absorption at 334 nm (ε = 4.23 × 10). Porphyra334 has potential commercial applications. Most of the studies on MAA are concerned with environmental control (mainly light, salinity and temperature) of production of MAA and their physiological roles. There are few reports on the stability of MAA in different conditions. The lack of basic studies limits the use of MAA. The present study investigates the stability of porphyra-334 solution using the UV absorption spectra under various environments of pH and temperature. Commercial products of Porphyra yezoensis harvested from the Ariake Sea in Saga Prefecture, Japan were used. Dried nori was stored at −20°C until used. Porphyra-334 was extracted and purified based on Takano et al. Porphyra-334 was identified by comparing the absorption spectrum and retention time reported by Klisch and Häder. pH of purified porphyra-334 aqueous solution was adjusted with 0.1 M HCl and 0.1 M NaOH to give pH values of 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0, 11.0, 12.0 and 13.0. After pH adjustment, the porphyra-334 solutions were sealed in airtight containers with N2 and maintained at room temperature or in 40, 60 and 80°C water baths in darkness. The absorption spectra of porphyra-334 solutions were measured every 2 or 4 h in the range 200– 400 nm using a spectrophotometer (Hitachi, U-
Polarization matrices in anisotropic heterogeneous elasticity

Polarization matrices (or tensors) are generalizations of mathematical objects like the harmonic capacity or the virtual mass tensor. They participate in many asymptotic formulae with broad applications to problems of structural mechanics. In the present paper polarization matrices for anisotropic heterogeneous elastic inclusions are investigated, the ambient anisotropic elastic space is allowed to be inhomogeneous near the inclusion as well. By variational arguments the existence of unique solutions to the corresponding transmission problems is proved. Using results about elliptic problems in domains with a compact complement, polarization matrices can be properly defined in terms of certain coefficients in the asymptotic expansion at infinity of the solution to the homogeneous transmission problem. Representation formulae are derived from which properties like positivity or negativity can be read of directly. Further the behavior of the polarization matrix is investigated under small changes of the interface.
Bone Biology for Implant Dentistry in Atrophic Alveolar Ridge - Theory and Practice

It’s a common experience for dental clinicians to note that the edentulous alveolar ridges always become atrophic as time goes by. It was late in the 19th century that Doctor Wolff first mentioned that form follows function (Wolf, 1892, as cited in Bilezikian et al., 2002). He described the individual capacity of morphological adaptation to a specific function as an “ontological adaptation” against the gravity through a daily locomotion or other daily mechanical duties (Fig.1-a). As a dentist I may illustrate the “dental compensation” in an Angle’s class III malocclusion as a morphological adaptation to a masticatory function (Fig. 1-b), which itself is an example of the Wolff’s “ontological adaptation. ”
Dynamics of different speed controls of ultra high speed induction generator using approximate and accurate model

The paper is concerned with the study of ultrahigh speed induction machine (USIM) applied in the utilization of renewables and recovering waste energy. The rated speed of the machine is 90 000 rpm. The main target of the study is to investigate the performance of the speed control loop in order to avoid or minimize the overspeed. The USIM is modelled by using an approximate and an accurate model. In the approximate model the refined Kloss formula is used and ideal converter supplying the USIM is assumed. In the accurate model the electric transients in the USIM and the harmonics in the output of the PWM converter are also taken into account.
Excavating abiotic stress-related gene resources of terrestrial macroscopic cyanobacteria for crop genetic engineering: dawn and challenge

Genetically engineered (GE) crops with resistance to environmental stresses are one of the most important solutions for future food security. Numerous genes associated to plant stress resistance have been identified and characterized. However, the current reality is that only a few transgenic crops expressing prokaryotic genes are successfully applied in field conditions. These few prokaryotic genes include Agrobacterium strain CP4 EPSPS gene, Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab gene and a bacterial chaperonin gene. Thus, the excavation of potentially critical genes still remains an arduous task for crop engineering. Terrestrial macroscopic cyanobacteria, Nostoc commune and Nostoc flagelliforme, which exhibit extreme resistance to desiccation stress, may serve as new prokaryotic bioresources for excavating critical genes. Recently, their marker gene wspA was heterologously expressed in Arabidopsis plant and the transgenics exhibited more flourishing root systems than wild-type plants under osmotic stress condition. In addition, some new genes associated with drought response and adaptation in N. flagelliforme are being uncovered by our ongoing RNA-seq analysis. Although the relevant work about the terrestrial macroscopic cyanobacteria is still underway, we believe that the prospect of excavating their critical genes for application in GE crops is quite optimistic.
Targeting the Heterogeneity of Cancer with Individualized Neoepitope Vaccines

Somatic mutations binding to the patient's MHC and recognized by autologous T cells (neoepitopes) are ideal cancer vaccine targets. They combine a favorable safety profile due to a lack of expression in healthy tissues with a high likelihood of immunogenicity, as T cells recognizing neoepitopes are not shaped by central immune tolerance. Proteins mutated in cancer (neoantigens) shared by patients have been explored as vaccine targets for many years. Shared (“public”) mutations, however, are rare, as the vast majority of cancer mutations in a given tumor are unique for the individual patient. Recently, the novel concept of truly individualized cancer vaccination emerged, which exploits the vast source of patient-specific “private” mutations. Concurrence of scientific advances and technological breakthroughs enables the rapid, cost-efficient, and comprehensive mapping of the “mutanome,” which is the entirety of somatic mutations in an individual tumor, and the rational selection of neoepitopes. How to transform tumor mutanome data to actionable knowledge for tailoring individualized vaccines “on demand” has become a novel research field with paradigm-shifting potential. This review gives an overview with particular focus on the clinical development of such vaccines. Clin Cancer Res; 22(8); 1885–96. ©2016 AACR. See all articles in this CCR Focus section, “Opportunities and Challenges in Cancer Immunotherapy. ”
Rhabdomyosarcoma in patients with constitutional mismatch-repair-deficiency syndrome

Background: Biallelic germline mutations in the mismatch repair genes MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 or PMS2 cause a recessive childhood cancer syndrome characterised by early-onset malignancies and signs reminiscent of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Alluding to the underlying genetic defect, we refer to this syndrome as constitutional mismatch repair-deficiency (CMMR-D) syndrome. The tumour spectrum of CMMR-D syndrome includes haematological neoplasias, brain tumours and Lynch syndrome-associated tumours. Other tumours, such as neuroblastoma, Wilm tumour, ovarian neuroectodermal tumour or infantile myofibromatosis, have so far been found only in individual cases. Results: We analysed two consanguineous families that had members with suspected CMMR-D syndrome who developed rhabdomyosarcoma among other neoplasias. In the first family, we identified a pathogenic PMS2 mutation for which the affected patient was homozygous. In family 2, immunohistochemistry analysis showed isolated loss of PMS2 expression in all tumours in the affected patients, including rhabdomyosarcoma itself and the surrounding normal tissue. Together with the family history and microsatellite instability observed in one tumour this strongly suggests an underlying PMS2 alteration in family 2 also. Conclusion: Together, these two new cases show that rhabdomyosarcoma and possibly other embryonic tumours, such as neuroblastoma and Wilm tumour, belong to the tumour spectrum of CMMR-D syndrome. Given the clinical overlap of CMMR-D syndrome with NF1, we suggest careful examination of the family history in patients with embryonic tumours and signs of NF1 as well as analysis of the tumours for loss of one of the mismatch repair genes and microsatellite instability. Subsequent mutation analysis will lead to a definitive diagnosis of the underlying disorder.
Location-Centric Storage for On-Demand Warning in Sensor Networks

This paper presents a novel distributed data storage protocol addressing on-demand warning in sensor networks. Locations that store the record of an event are controlled by the distance to the event location and the intensity of the event. Higher intensity indicates that more sensors in larger geographic area should keep a copy of the event record. When a user passesby, a sensor can generate warning messages based on the records in its database. The closer to the event location, the more number of warning messages a user should get. This protocol scales well to large sensor networks and ensures that the storage load is well balanced. Performance analysis and simulation study indicate that our location-centric storage protocol can reach a stable state quickly and perform well when the event arrival rate follows a poisson distribution with the same mean λ.
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Drugs often have undesired side effects. In the heart, they can induce lethal arrhythmias such as torsades de pointes. The risk evaluation of a new compound is costly and can take a long time, which often hinders the development of new drugs. Here we establish a high resolution, multiscale computational model to quickly assess the cardiac toxicity of new and existing drugs. The input of the model is the drug-specific current block from single cell electrophysiology; the output is the spatio-temporal activation profile and the associated electrocardiogram. We demonstrate the potential of our model for a low risk drug, ranolazine, and a high risk drug, quinidine: For ranolazine, our model predicts a prolonged QT interval of 19.4% compared to baseline and a regular sinus rhythm at 60.15 beats per minute. For quinidine, our model predicts a prolonged QT interval of 78.4% and a spontaneous development of torsades de pointes both in the activation profile and in the electrocardiogram. Our model reveals the mechanisms by which electrophysiological abnormalities propagate across the spatio-temporal scales, from specific channel blockage, via altered single cell action potentials and prolonged QT intervals, to the spontaneous emergence of ventricular tachycardia in the form of torsades de pointes. Our model could have important implications for researchers, regulatory agencies, and pharmaceutical companies on rationalizing safe drug development and reducing the time-to-market of new drugs.
Characteristics and origin of myogenic response in isolated mesenteric arterioles.

Responses to changes in intravascular pressure of isolated rat mesenteric arterioles were investigated under no-flow conditions. First-, second-, third-, and fourth-generation arterioles were isolated and cannulated. Vascular diameters were measured with an image-shearing device and recorded. The arterioles (except for the first-generation vessels) developed spontaneous tone, corresponding to the step increases in intravascular pressure (from 20 to 160 mmHg, by 20-mmHg steps). For example, at 80 mmHg pressure the mean diameters of first-, second-, third-, and fourth-generation vessels were 286.9 +/- 5.0, 203.4 +/- 8.2, 92.5 +/- 4.6, and 35.6 +/- 4.8 microns, respectively; by use of a Ca(2+)-free solution containing ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (1 mM) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 10(-4) M) the passive diameters of these vessels were 295.6 +/- 6.3, 238.4 +/- 11.7, 120.3 +/- 3.7, and 59.4 +/- 3.1 microns, respectively, demonstrating that the degree of pressure-induced constriction increased with the increasing order of generations (3, 14, 24, and 43%, respectively). The vasoactive function of endothelium and vascular smooth muscle was assessed by the responses of arterioles to acetylcholine (ACh; 10(-6) M) and SNP (10(-7) M) before and after removal of the endothelium with air. After removal of the endothelium, dilation to ACh was abolished while dilation to SNP was retained. Removal of the endothelium did not significantly alter the changes in the diameter of arterioles in response to step increases in intravascular pressure. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The pathophysiology of myocardial hibernation: current controversies and future directions.

It is now widely accepted that patients with chronic coronary artery disease can experience prolonged regional ischemic dysfunction that does not necessarily arise from irreversible tissue damage and, to some extent, can be reversed by restoration of blood flow. Recent clinical and experimental data suggest that this form of chronic but reversible left ventricular dysfunction represents a complex, progressive, and dynamic phenomenon. The initial stages of dysfunction are probably caused by chronic stunning. They are characterized by normal resting perfusion but reduced flow reserve, mild myocyte alterations, maintained membrane integrity (allowing the transport of both thallium and glucose), preserved capacity to respond to an inotropic stimulus, and no or little tissue fibrosis. After revascularization, functional recovery will probably be rapid and complete. On the other hand, the more advanced stages of dysfunction likely correspond to chronic hibernation. They usually are associated with reduced rest perfusion; increased tissue fibrosis; more severe myocyte alterations (degeneration[? ], apoptosis); and a decreased ability to respond to inotropic stimuli. Nonetheless, membrane function and glucose metabolism may long remain preserved. After revascularization, functional recovery, if any, will probably be quite delayed and mostly incomplete.
Stochastische Innovations- und Wachstumszyklen

Die mit den Modellen von Solow (1956) und Swan (1956) begrundete und von Cass (1965) und Koopmans (1965) nachfrageseitig endogenisierte neoklassische Wachstumstheorie hat sich als auserordentlich fruchtbar erwiesen, die mit der Kapitalakkumulation einhergehende Erhohung der Pro-Kopf-Einkommen im Ubergangsprozes an einen approximativ erreichbaren steady-state-Wachstumspfad zu beschreiben. Die sich langfristig auf diesem steady-state-Pfad einstellende Wachstumsrate der Pro-Kopf-Grosen ist dabei allerdings im Gegensatz zu den Vorlaufermodellen keynesianischer Tradition ausschlieslich uber einen stetig "wie Manna vom Himmel fallenden", exogenen Harrod-neutralen technischen Fortschritt bestimmt. Eine Erklarung langfristiger Wachstumspfade etwa in Abhangigkeit unternehmerischer Investitionsentscheidungen war im neoklassischen Analyserahmen damit von vornherein ausgeschlossen. Erst die im Zuge der Entwicklung einer Neuen Wachstumstheorie geleistete Endogenisierung der Wachstumsraten eroffnete die Moglichkeit, sowohl Wachstumstrend als auch -zyklen simultan in Abhangigkeit einiger gesamtwirtschaftlicher und marktspezifischer Einflusgrosen erklaren zu konnen. Selbst wenn prinzipiell samtliche Varianten der Neuen Wachstumstheorie fur ein derartiges Unterfangen in Frage kommen – man denke an die Humankapitalund die learning-by-doing–Ansatze –, so mus doch den innovationstheoretisch fundierten Wachstumsmodellen darunter eine besondere Bedeutung beigemessen werden, zumal die F&E-Anstrengungen privater Unternehmen den zentralen marktwirtschaftlichen Antriebsmechanismus fur andauerndes Wachstum darstellen.