Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electronic Markets: Theory and Evidence from 20 Years of Research

Twenty years ago the Communications of the ACM published “Electronic markets and electronic hierarchies” by Tom Malone, JoAnne Yates, and Bob Benjamin. It has become the most cited article in the Information Systems field with 424 citations in the ISI Web of Science index and 1,472 in Google Scholar. The paper articulated the electronic markets hypothesis (EMH), which predicted that IT cost-capability improvements would drive organizations away from vertically integrated structures and would lead to unbiased online markets with many suppliers. The panel will examine the contributions of the EMH to IT-focused organizational studies. Panelists will debate the EMH as a theory in relation to others for explaining electronic market phenomena. Empirical data and its fit with the EMH will also be debated. Are research developments in electronic markets consistent with the 1987 forecasts? We will conclude on the issue of how an enhanced and more powerful theory of electronic markets might be developed in the coming years.
Concise Review: The Clinical Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Musculoskeletal Regeneration: Current Status and Perspectives

Regenerative therapies in the musculoskeletal system are based on the suitable application of cells, biomaterials, and/or factors. For an effective approach, numerous aspects have to be taken into consideration, including age, disease, target tissue, and several environmental factors. Significant research efforts have been undertaken in the last decade to develop specific cell‐based therapies, and in particular adult multipotent mesenchymal stem cells hold great promise for such regenerative strategies. Clinical translation of such therapies, however, remains a work in progress. In the clinical arena, autologous cells have been harvested, processed, and readministered according to protocols distinct for the target application. As outlined in this review, such applications range from simple single‐step approaches, such as direct injection of unprocessed or concentrated blood or bone marrow aspirates, to fabrication of engineered constructs by seeding of natural or synthetic scaffolds with cells, which were released from autologous tissues and propagated under good manufacturing practice conditions (for example, autologous chondrocyte implantation). However, only relatively few of these cell‐based approaches have entered the clinic, and none of these treatments has become a “standard of care” treatment for an orthopaedic disease to date. The multifaceted reasons for the current status from the medical, research, and regulatory perspectives are discussed here. In summary, this review presents the scientific background, current state, and implications of clinical mesenchymal stem cell application in the musculoskeletal system and provides perspectives for future developments.
In vivo Regulation der Reninsekretion und Genexpression durch den Protease-aktivierten Rezeptor 2

Arterielle Hypertonie ist, besonders in den Industrielandern, ein weit verbreitetes Leiden. Etwa 20-30 % aller Erwachsenen sind davon betroffen. Bei den uber 60 Jahrigen haben bereits uber 40 %, einen dauerhaften Blutdruck von mehr als 140/90 mmHg. Die genaue Ursache des Bluthochdrucks ist haufig nicht eindeutig zu ermitteln, neben einer genetischen Komponente konnen unter anderem Ubergewicht, Bewegungsmangel, erhohter Salzkonsum, Stress, Vorerkrankung wie Diabetes mellitus, Storungen des Hormonsystems und Anomalien des Herzkreislaufsystems dazu fuhren. Auch eine Storung der Nierenfunktion kann auf Grund der masgeblichen Beteiligung der Niere an der Regulation des Blutdrucks und des Salz- und Wasserhaushaltes durch das Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-System zu einer Hypertonie fuhren. Ein dauerhaft erhohter Blutdruck ist ein Risikofaktor fur das Auftreten von kongestivem Herzversagen, eines Schlaganfalls oder Herzinfarktes und von Nierenfunktionsstorungen. Neben einer Vermeidung beziehungsweise Therapie moglicher Ursachen gelten als pharmakologische Therapie erster Wahl ACE-Hemmer, AT1-Rezeptorblocker, niedrig dosierte Diuretika, Betablocker und Kalziumantagonisten, um den Blutdruck zu reduzieren. Ein fruhzeitigeres Eingreifen in die Kaskade des Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-System kann unter Umstanden zu einer Reduktion der Nebenwirkungen fuhren. Da die Regulationsmechanismen der Reninsekretion jedoch noch nicht vollends erforscht sind, konnte eine Aufklarung weiterer regulierender Faktoren der Reninsynthese und -freisetzung zur Entwicklung neuer therapeutischer Masnahmen beitragen.
„solitary”︁ myeloma of bone a review of 12 cases

The clinical course and treatment of 12 patients with presumed solitary myeloma of bone are reviewed. These patients who presented with solitary lesions showed a rather protracted clinical course, often over many years, before disseminated myeloma became apparent. Three patients have been followed 5, 12, and 19 years respectively without definite evidence of multiple myeloma, although the latter patient has shown multiple solitary lesions. The eventual development of disseminated myeloma in the other 9 patients was preceded by a disease‐free interval of from 2 to 10 years following treatment of the solitary lesion.
Aportaciones a la osteología y sus anomalías asociadas en los cetáceos menores del Archipiélago Canario

En las Islas Canarias se ha registrado la presencia de al menos 30 especies de cetaceos, la mayoria de las cuales han sido analizadas tras algun varamiento en las aguas territoriales del archipielago. De todas ellas, en al menos 251 animales de 14 especies diferentes se ha podido estudiar el componente osteologico. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido realizar un estudio morfologico del sistema esqueletico de los cetaceos menores varados en el archipielago canario donde, de forma paralela, se ha descrito la normal anatomia, adecuando la nomenclatura existente, y las variables morfometricas a considerar en estos animales, siempre que el numero de individuos estudiados lo ha permitido. Ademas se han compilado datos para elaborar un estudio de la ontogenia del esqueleto en la mayoria de las especies, y se ha descrito la presencia de numerosas anomalias oseas. El analisis discriminante se ha realizado solo en los individuos catalogados como adultos, siempre que su numero haya sido el suficiente para obtener datos estadisticamente significativos. En el trabajo se han incluido diferentes especies de las tres familias de cetaceos menores presentes en aguas canarias, Ziphiidae, Kogiidae y Delphinidae, detectando la posible existencia de variaciones geograficas o ecotipos para algunas especies ya descritas en diversas poblaciones del mundo, observando en los resultados medidas similares a las recogidas en la literatura existente con la que ha sido contrastada, como son en S. frontalis, T. truncatus, S. coeruleoalba, D. delphis, L hosei y S. bredanensis, estas dos ultimas con un bajo numero de individuos analizados. Por otro lado, se han obtenido nuevos datos sobre los patrones de desarrollo ontogenico de varias especies, destacando a Z. cavirostris. En el caso de la discriminacion por sexo y poblaciones, parece que las especies del archipielago mantienen los patrones descritos en la literatura, en mayor o en menor grado. Se ha conseguido elaborar una categorizacion de edades en base al desarrollo oseo y en conjuncion a las variables biologicas disponibles como la longitud total, el estado reproductivo y, en algun caso, otras variables fenotipicas caracteristicas. Durante el estudio anatomico se han encontrado diferentes y abundantes anomalias oseas, en un 59,5% de los animales estudiados. Estas han sido categorizadas, destacando su presencia en el 100% de los casos analizados de G. griseus, S. longirostris, L hosei y P. crassidens, estas ultimas con un escaso numero de individuos varados, y en el 70-75% de los casos de T. truncatus, S. bredanensis, S. coeruleoalba y D. delphis.
Erythropoiesis: Model systems, molecular regulators, and developmental programs

Human erythropoiesis is a complex multistep developmental process that begins at the level of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) at bone marrow microenvironment (HSCs niche) and terminates with the production of erythrocytes (RBCs). This review covers the basic and contemporary aspects of erythropoiesis. These include the: (a) cell‐lineage restricted pathways of differentiation originated from HSCs and going downward toward the blood cell development; (b) model systems employed to study erythropoiesis in culture (erythroleukemia cell lines and embryonic stem cells) and in vivo (knockout animals: avian, mice, zebrafish, and xenopus); (c) key regulators of erythropoiesis (iron, hypoxia, stress, and growth factors); (d) signaling pathways operating at hematopoietic stem cell niche for homeostatic regulation of self renewal (SCF/c‐kit receptor, Wnt, Notch, and Hox) and for erythroid differentiation (HIF and EpoR). Furthermore, this review presents the mechanisms through which transcriptional factors (GATA‐1, FOG‐1, TAL‐1/SCL/MO2/Ldb1/E2A, EKLF, Gfi‐1b, and BCL11A) and miRNAs regulate gene pattern expression during erythroid differentiation. New insights regarding the transcriptional regulation of α‐ and β‐globin gene clusters were also presented. Emphasis was also given on (i) the developmental program of erythropoiesis, which consists of commitment to terminal erythroid maturation and hemoglobin production, (two closely coordinated events of erythropoieis) and (ii) the capacity of human embryonic and umbilical cord blood (UCB) stem cells to differentiate and produce RBCs in culture with highly selective media. These most recent developments will eventually permit customized red blood cell production needed for transfusion. © 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life 61(8): 800–830, 2009
A Software Process Development, Assessment and Improvement Framework,for the Medical Device Industry

This paper describes a software process development, assessment and improvement framework, structured to ensure regulatory compliance for the software developed in medical devices. Software is becoming an increasingly important aspect of medical devices and medical device regulation. Medical devices can only be marketed if compliance and approval from the appropriate regulatory bodies of the Food and Drug Administration (US requirement), and the European Commission under its Medical Device Directives (CE marking requirement) is achieved. Integrated into the design process of medical devices, is the requirement of the production and maintenance of a device technical file, incorporating a design history file. Design history illustrates the well documented, defined and controlled processes and outputs, undertaken in the development of medical devices and for our particular consideration with this framework - the software components.
SNAREs in HIV-1 assembly

Viruses have a limited number of genes but a complex life cycle and have evolved to utilize numerous host factors to complete their replication. The assembly and budding process of enveloped viruses utilizes numerous cellular factors to facilitate transport from one membrane bound compartment to the other. The host SNARE proteins are widely involved in late stages of vesicular mediated transport by catalyzing the docking and fusion of apposing membranes in the vesicle and target compartment. By generalized disruption of the SNARE sorting machinery, we recently demonstrated a role for these proteins in HIV-1 assembly by affecting Gag localization to the plasma membrane. Whether the observed phenomenon is specifically due to SNARE disruption or generalized disturbance of the cell sorting machinery and the involvement of specific “v” vs. “t” SNAREs in this phenomenon remains to be elucidated.
BINDING PROTEIN Is a Master Regulator of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Sensor/Transducer bZIP28 in Arabidopsis[C][W][OA]

This work examines the role of BiP in retaining bZIP28 in the ER under unstressed conditions, revealing that the BiPs in Arabidopsis are master regulators of the UPR signaling pathway in response to stress and function by binding to the intrinsically disordered regions of the C-terminal tail of bZIP28. BINDING PROTEIN (BiP) is a major chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen, and this study shows that BiP binds to the C-terminal tail of the stress sensor/transducer bZIP28, a membrane-associated transcription factor, retaining it in the ER under unstressed conditions. In response to ER stress, BiP dissociates from bZIP28, allowing it to be mobilized from the ER to the Golgi where it is proteolytically processed and released to enter the nucleus. Under unstressed conditions, BiP binds to bZIP28 as it binds to other client proteins, through its substrate binding domain. BiP dissociates from bZIP28 even when bZIP28’s exit from the ER or its release from the Golgi is blocked. Both BiP1 and BiP3 bind bZIP28, and overexpression of either BiP detains bZIP28 in the ER under stress conditions. A C-terminally truncated mutant of bZIP28 eliminating most of the lumenal domain does not bind BiP and is not retained in the ER under unstressed conditions. BiP binding sites in the C-terminal tail of bZIP28 were identified in a phage display system. BiP was found to bind to intrinsically disordered regions on bZIP28’s lumen-facing tail. Thus, the dissociation of BiP from the C-terminal tail of bZIP28 is a major switch that activates one arm of the unfolded protein response signaling pathway in plants.
Animal Fat Consumption and Prostate Cancer: A Prospective Study in Hawaii

Whereas case-control studies have been very consistent in suggesting a positive association between intake of dietary fat, especially animal fat, and prostate cancer, the results from past cohort studies have been mostly inconclusive. In this study, we evaluated consumption of high-fat animal products, raw vegetables, and fresh fruits, as well as obesity, smoking, and drinking, in relation to subsequent occurrence of prostate cancer. We studied a cohort of 20,316 men of various ethnicities interviewed between 1975 and 1980 in Hawaii. As of December 1989, 198 incident cases with invasive prostate cancer were identified by computer-assisted linkage of this cohort to the statewide Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry. Relative risks (RRs) for prostate cancer computed by proportional hazards regression were elevated for intake of beef [RR for highest to lowest tertile of intake = 1.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1–2.4] and milk (RR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.0–2.1), and for a summary variable for intake of high-fat animal products (RR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.0–2.4). Weight was not consistently associated with prostate cancer, but there was an association with height (>167 cm) (RR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.0–3.2 for the third and fourth quartiles relative to the lowest quartile in height). These associations were stronger in men diagnosed before age 72.5 years. The risk estimates for raw vegetable and fresh fruit intakes were close to 1.0. Smoking and alcohol drinking appeared to be unrelated to risk. This study provides further evidence for a role of animal fat in the etiology of prostate cancer and indicates that it may act by shortening the latency period of the disease.
Polysulfides link H2S to protein thiol oxidation.

AIMS Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is suggested to act as a gaseous signaling molecule in a variety of physiological processes. Its molecular mechanism of action was proposed to involve protein S-sulfhydration, that is, conversion of cysteinyl thiolates (Cys-S(-)) to persulfides (Cys-S-S(-)). A central and unresolved question is how H2S-that is, a molecule with sulfur in its lowest possible oxidation state (-2)-can lead to oxidative thiol modifications. RESULTS Using the lipid phosphatase PTEN as a model protein, we find that the "H2S donor" sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) leads to very rapid reversible oxidation of the enzyme in vitro. We identify polysulfides formed in NaHS solutions as the oxidizing species, and present evidence that sulfane sulfur is added to the active site cysteine. Polysulfide-mediated oxidation of PTEN was induced by all "H2S donors" tested, including sodium sulfide (Na2S), gaseous H2S, and morpholin-4-ium 4-methoxyphenyl(morpholino) phosphinodithioate (GYY4137). Moreover, we show that polysulfides formed in H2S solutions readily modify PTEN inside intact cells. INNOVATION Our results shed light on the previously unresolved question of how H2S leads to protein thiol oxidation, and suggest that polysulfides formed in solutions of H2S mediate this process. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the effects that have been attributed to H2S in previous reports may in fact have been mediated by polysulfides. It also supports the notion that sulfane sulfur rather than sulfide is the actual in vivo agent of H2S signaling.
Properness and simplicial resolutions for the model category dgCat

We provide proofs of two properties of the model category dgCat of dg-categories (with the Morita or Dwyer-Kan model structure): When working over a field the category dgCat is left proper. Natural simplicial resolutions in dgCat are given by dg-categories of Maurer-Cartan elements.
Carotid artery atherosclerosis: in vivo morphologic characterization with gadolinium-enhanced double-oblique MR imaging initial results.

In nine subjects with carotid atherosclerosis, double-oblique, contrast material-enhanced, double inversion-recovery, fast spin-echo magnetic resonance (MR) images were acquired through atheroma in the proximal internal carotid artery. Fibrocellular tissue within atheroma selectively enhanced 29% after administration of gadolinium-based contrast agent. Contrast enhancement helped discriminate fibrous cap from lipid core with a contrast-to-noise ratio as good as or better than that with T2-weighted MR images but with approximately twice the signal-to-noise ratio (postcontrast images, 36.6 +/- 3.6; T2-weighted images, 17.5 +/- 2.1; P <.001).
Supershort Avalanche Electron Beams in Discharges in Air and Other Gases at High Pressure

In this paper, the generation of supershort avalanche electron beams (SAEBs) from the plasmas of nanosecond diffuse discharges in air and other gases at atmospheric pressure was investigated. It is shown that, in the mode of SAEB generation, the plasma in the discharge gap with an inhomogeneous electric field can be produced in a time no greater than 100 ps with the charged-particle density sufficient to force out the electric field from the discharge-gap region occupied by the dense plasma. It is demonstrated that decreasing the voltage pulsewidth in the discharge gap (to ~100-ps FWHM) reduces the optimum gap for SAEB generation. It is also found that the difference in electron path toward the foil center and the foil edge affects the SAEB current pulsewidth. For lower voltages across the gap (~25 kV), the SAEB pulsewidth at half maximum is ~200 ps.
Enforced expression of the homeobox gene Mixl1 impairs hematopoietic differentiation and results in acute myeloid leukemia

Mixl1, the sole murine homologue of the Xenopus Mix/Bix family of homeobox transcription factors, is essential for the patterning of axial mesendodermal structures during early embryogenesis. Gene targeting and overexpression studies have implicated Mixl1 as a regulator of hematopoiesis arising in differentiating embryonic stem cells. To assess the role of Mixl1 in the regulation of adult hematopoiesis, we overexpressed Mixl1 in murine bone marrow using a retroviral transduction/transplantation model. Enforced expression of Mixl1 profoundly perturbed hematopoietic lineage commitment and differentiation, giving rise to abnormal myeloid progenitors and impairing erythroid and lymphoid differentiation. Moreover, all mice reconstituted with Mixl1-transduced bone marrow developed fatal, transplantable acute myeloid leukemia with a mean latency period of 200 days. These observations establish a link between enforced Mixl1 expression and leukemogenesis in the mouse.
Using Hints in DUNE Remote Procedure Calls

Remote Procedure Calls (RPC) are an established mechanism for coordinating activity between multiple processors in a distributed system. Their efficient use in Interprocess Communication (IPC) is difficult because underlying network proto- cols can have a great effect on system performance, especially when the IPC is within the same proces- sor. This problem is compounded if the distributed system must work simultaneously over several forms of interconnect. Designing an efficient solu- tion for one medium may make accommodating another awkward or impractical, while designing a general solution for all may not take full advantage of any specifrc medium. This paper describes an enhanced remote procedure call model of interprocess communication that is generally efficient for many types of network, even nontraditional ones. It is based on optional hints supplied by the client of an operation, which enable medium-specifrc optimizations in a uniformly struc- tured interface. The model supports dynamic rebinding of communications protocols, which is necessary for the efficient treatment of migratable system objects.
High-accuracy prediction of bacterial type III secreted effectors based on position-specific amino acid composition profiles

MOTIVATION Bacterial type III secreted (T3S) effectors are delivered into host cells specifically via type III secretion systems (T3SSs), which play important roles in the interaction between bacteria and their hosts. Previous computational methods for T3S protein prediction have only achieved limited accuracy, and distinct features for effective T3S protein prediction remain to be identified. RESULTS In this work, a distinctive N-terminal position-specific amino acid composition (Aac) feature was identified for T3S proteins. A large portion (∼50%) of T3S proteins exhibit distinct position-specific Aac features that can tolerate position shift. A classifier, BPBAac, was developed and trained using Support Vector Machine (SVM) based on the Aac feature extracted using a Bi-profile Bayes model. We demonstrated that the BPBAac model outperformed other implementations in classification of T3S and non-T3S proteins, giving an average sensitivity of ∼90.97% and an average selectivity of ∼97.42% in a 5-fold cross-validation evaluation. The model was also robust when a small-size training dataset was used. The fact that the position-specific Aac feature is commonly found in T3S proteins across different bacterial species gives this model wide application. To demonstrate the model's application, a genome-wide prediction of T3S effector proteins was performed for Ralstonia solanacearum, an important plant pathogenic bacterium, and a number of putative candidates were identified using this model. AVAILABILITY An R package of BPBAac tool is freely downloadable from: http://biocomputer.bio. cuhk.edu. hk/softwares/BPBAac.