Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial avoidance between the bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus and the harvest mouse Micromys minutus: an experimental study

The relationship between the harvest mouse Micromys minutus and the bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus was studied in two 0.5 ha enclosures differing in the distri bution of food. In the enclosure with only one feeding point, harvest mice were excluded from the feeding point. Their survival was poor throughout the winter and the recovery of the breeding population was slow. The enclosure with evenly distributed food was divided between the two species. The harvest mouse population of the even habitat was also able to maintain the overwintering area after the onset of breeding and the population grew as rapidly as that of the voles. Female bank voles in particular avoided the area inhabited by the harvest mice. After the removal of the mice the voles rapidly took over the area. In laboratory experiments, bank voles preferred traps with vole odour. Harvest mice showed no significant preference between clean traps or traps with vole or mouse odour. I conclude that because of interspecific competition for limited food resources the two species exhibited exclusive spatial distribution during winter. At least when food was readily available the smaller species was able to maintain its range during the early part of the breeding season. The mechanisms of this maintenance possibly involve odour production by the mice. At the highest population densities late in the breeding season, the mice change to a three-dimensional way of life in the high vegetation and in this way minimize contacts with possible competitors in the ground layer.
Summer relationships between bacterioplankton abundance and chlorophyll-α concentration in a eutrophic coastal system of Alboran Sea (SE of Spain)

La relation entre la concentration en chlorophylle-a et l'abondance bacterienne a ete analysee en un point permanent dans les eaux cotieres de la Mer d'Alboran (SE de l'Espagne) pendant une periode estivale. La dynamique de l'abondance bacterienne et des concentrations en chlorophylle-a a montre une relation positive dans les eaux superficielles, mais aucune relation dans les eaux profondes. Les plus grandes cellules bacteriennes se trouvent en profondeur, ce fait demontre l'independance de la production phytoplanctonique et du volume bacterien. Ceci suggere que la production bacterienne serait principalement liee a la croissance du phytoplancton dans les eaux de surface, tandis que la production bacterienne dans les eaux profondes serait liee a d'autres variables, parmi lesquelles la dynamique physique, l'arrivee d'elements nutritifs du sediment et d'autres sources de carbone benthique sont considerees comme importantes.
Gaur Bos gaurus C. H. Smith, 1827

Names Genus : Bos Linnaeus, 1758 Species : Gaur Bos gaurus C. H. Smith, 1827 Names in other languages: French : Gaur; German : Gaur; Spanish : Gaur; Italian : Gaur; Adi : Tadok; Burmese : Peeoug; Kannada : Kaati, Kaadu kona, Kaadu yemme; Kannada-in Uttara Kannada District kulga : Gameya; Northern Udupi district, Kannada : Duddu; Lao : Meuay; Malay : Seladang; Mandarin : Da-E-Ni, 大额牛; Marathi : Raangawa; Malayalam : Kattu pothu; Nepali : Gauri gai; Tamil : Kaatu maadu; Vietnamese : Bo Tot; Telugu : Adavi dunna; Thai : Krating กระทง; Gonds : Moo. Other common names: Indian bison Note: although Bos frontalis (Lambert 1804), is often used as the scientific name for the gaur (see Grubb 2005), the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature (2003) ruled that Bos gaurus be adopted as the name for the gaur despite Bos gaurus being antedated by Bos frontalis. Bos frontalis is used as the scientific name for the mithun, the domestic form of the gaur. Taxonomy The gaur is a member of the Bovini clade (tribe), one of three clades (the other two being Boselaphini and Tragelaphini) recognized to be part of the larger clade (subfamily) Bovinae; the Bovinae along with the Antilopinae comprise the family Bovidae (Bibi 2007). Members of the bovine lineage were present by 8.9 Ma, appear to have originated in Asia, south of the Himalayas, and are understood to have expanded their ancestral dietary niche to include roughage in more open environments by diversifying and extending their range in response to the vegetation changes in the late Miocene (Bibi 2007). Using 15 complete or partially sequenced autosomal genes, MacEachern et al . (2009) identified three lineages in the Bovini clade after it split from the Boselaphini and Tragelaphini clades: the buffalo clade ( Bubalus and Syncerus species), the banteng Bos javanicus and gaur clade, and the cattle clade.
Phytochemistry and in vitro Antimicrobial, Antioxydant Activities of Entandrophragma candollei H. -

1 Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies P.O Box 6163 Yaoundé, Cameroon. 2 Department of Galenic and Legislation, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O Box: 337Yaoundé, Cameroon. 3 Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, P.O Box: 2701 Douala, Cameroon. 4 Departments of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaoundé I, P.O Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon. 5 Departments of Biochemistry, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon. 6 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon.
Deux espèces nouvelles de Dendrothele

Dendrothele jacobi Duhem & H. Michel sp. nov., une espece possedant des spores gibbeuses (a 3-4 (5) protuberances en cone obtus) est decrite du Texas et de l'Oklahoma. Elle rappelle l'espece africaine D. asterospora, mais en differe par ses spores plus grandes aux bosses plus importantes. Dendrothele minima Duhem sp. nov., une espece proche de D. commixta est decrite de France sur Robinia pseudo-accacia, arbre importe d'Amerique du Nord, Diospyros kaki et Taxus baccata. Dendrothele asterospora est un synonyme posterieur de Xenosperma murrillii.
Respostas biológicas de Anagasta kuehniella e de seu parasitôide, Bracon hebetor, à radiação por microondas (2450 MHz)

The Mediterranean flour moth, Anagasta kuehniella, is known as one of the most important pests of stored products. Due to the harmful effects of the chemical control methods, some radio-frequencies, such as microwaves, are being evaluated, aiming to establish IPM programs for the control of this pyralid species. The present study was undertaken to determine the comparative effect of microwaves (2450 MHz) on A. kuehniella eggs, larvae (third and last instars) and adults. Also, the tolerance of the parasitoid wasp, Bracon hebetor, was evaluated. Individuals of each stage were exposed to the radiation (2450 MHz) and after 24 hours of exposition, the mortality level obtained in each treatment was determined. Concerning A. kuehniella, the last instar larvae showed to be the most sensitive to radiation, followed by the third instar larvae and adults. Chronic effects of radiation resulted into reduced longevity and lower reproductive capacity among the treated adults. B. hebetor adults, on the other hand, did not suffer any alteration on its parasitism capacity, Pyralid eggs, as well as the braconid wasp, showed to be highly resistant to microwaves. Therefore, radiation by microwaves can be considered as a promising method to be used in IPM programs of A. kuehniella, targeting mainly the larval stage.
In vivo anti-malarial evaluation of Ocimum sanctum Linn. and O. basilicum Linn.

Different extractives from leaves and roots of Ocimum sanctum Linn. and O. basilicum Linn. have been evaluated for in vivo anti-malarial activity using Peter’s 4-day suppressive test against Plasmodium berghei in mice. Ethanol extracts of roots of both plants exhibited maximum anti-malarial activity amongst various extracts viz., petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and water at the dose of 800 mg/kg in mice. The results were observed on the 4 and 7 day. Ethanolic extract of O. sanctum roots showed maximum antiplasmodial activity of 3.2 ± 0.74 at dose of 800mg/kg on day 4. However, O. basilicum root extract showed maximum activity of 4.9 ± 0.96 at dose 800mg/kg on day 4. Maximum activity of ethanoic extract was observed on day 4.
A Blockchain-based Approach for Optimal and Secure Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

: The trafﬁc load balance, the interferences reduction, and the security during the routing phase in wireless sensor network (WSN) are investigated in this paper. In our work, we suppose that the network’s nodes are sensing some events which generate heavy data that must be carried over several packets. We propose a routing protocol which takes use of the Blockchain technology to offer a shared memory between network’s nodes. These nodes are considered as coins which the ownership transacts between the source nodes and the sink. All the transactions are stored in the Blockchain as a mean to share the network’s status, in real time. In order to select the optimal path, we introduce a cost function which considers the load density and interferences level at each node. Furthermore, we are taking advantage of the Blockchain security to secure the selected paths in the network. The simulation results have shown that this solution could be applicable and could resolve the issues cited above.
STABILITY OF FUSAPROLIFERIN, A MYCOTOXIN FROM FUSARIUM SPP.

Fusaproliferin (FP) is a mycotoxin produced by some phytopathogenic Fusarium spp which frequently occur on several agriculturally important plants. We measured FP decomposition in dry or wet contaminated wheat samples incubated at various temperatures (80, 120, 180 and 240 °C) for various times (15, 20, 45 and 60 minutes). Water increased FP decomposition at 80, 120 and 180 °C, but a complete destruction of FP occurred at 240 °C only under dry conditions. Treatment of samples with a saturated solution of dichloroisocyanuric acid reduced FP contamination, while physical treatments such as UV irradiation and sonication did not. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry
PROXIMATE ANALYSIS AND COMPARATIVE IN VITRO ANTI MICROBIAL AND ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITIES OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF TRIBULUS TERRESTRIS LINN.

The medicinal properties of several herbal plants have been documented in ancient Indian literature and the preparations have been found to be effective in the treatment of diseases. Tribulus terrestris belongs to zygophyllaceae family, has long been a constituent in tonics in Indian Ayurveda practice, where it is known by its Sanskrit name, "gokshura. " It's also used as an aphrodisiac in Ayurveda. Tribulus terrestris is one of the important herbs being used by human beings of long period and is available abundantly throughout India. However there was no scientific data available on the anti microbial and anthelminthic properties of different parts of Tribulus terrestris . Hence it is worthwhile to carry out preliminary phytochemical screening, proximate analysis which include moisture content, total ash and acid insoluble ash, and in vitro screening and comparison of anti microbial and anthelminthic activities of leaves, fruit and roots of Tribulus terrestris . Among all the three extracts, Tribulus terrestris fruit extract (FETR) was exerting significant and much better anti microbial and anthelmintic activities and the results obtained were comparable with those of standard.
Macroevolution: the fifth dimension?

The Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, held a conference on Macroevolution, October 16–18; it was organized by J. Cracraft, J. Levinton, N. Eldredge and D. M. Raup. The nature of the meeting called to mind the 1946 Princeton conference on Genetics, Paleontology and Evolution (which resulted in the book of the same name1), and indeed 3 members of that conference spoke again, 34 years later, in 1980—Sewall Wright, G. Ledyard Stebbins, and Bobb Schaeffer. However, no book is planned this time.
How to Clone a Mammoth: The Science of De-Extinction

The conceit of this disturbing, thoughtful book is that it is a how-to manual, a cookbook for wannabe lords of (re)creation. Nine of the eleven chapters cover steps in the process of bringing an animal back from extinction, beginning with how to select an organism to resurrect, and ending with how to look after it once it is released into the wild. Along the way, the reader is treated to a sometimes dry exposition of the basic principles of recombinant DNA technology. Toggling between witty pop science and tedious genetics textbook, it is a bit of an uneven read, but well worth the effort, because Beth Shapiro knows whereof she speaks. She and her colleagues at the U. C. Santa Cruz ‘Ancient DNA laboratory’ study, among other things, the genetics of the mammoth, a cold-adapted relative of the elephant not seen on this planet for 37 centuries. A few years ago, Shapiro was contacted by the maverick environmentalist Steward Brand, who recruited her to a network of scientists engaged in developing the basic genetic manipulation techniques required for de-extinction.
ANTIINFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES OF DICHLOROMETHANE: METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACTS OF CAESALPINIA VOLKENSII AND MAYTENUS OBSCURA IN ANIMAL MODELS Original Article

Objective: Inflammation is the reaction to injury of the living tissues. Conventional medication of inflammation is expensive and arguably associated with various severe adverse effects hence the need to develop herbal agents that are effective as alternative. Caesalpinia volkensii and Maytenus obscura are plants that grow in Mbeere County of Eastern region of Kenya. This study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of C. volkensii and M. obscura plants. Methods: Experimental animals were divided in to four groups; normal group, diseased negative control group, diseased reference group and diseased experimental groups. Inflammation was inducted into the mice using carrageenan. The experimental groups were treated with leaf extracts of the plants at the concentration of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg. Anti-inflammatory activities in rats were compared with diclofenac (15 mg/kg) as the standard conventional drug. Results: The leaf extracts of C. volkensii reduced paw edema by between 6.50%-13.42% while the extracts of M. obscura reduced it by between 4.94%-22.36%. Diclofenac reduced paw edema by between 4.11%-10.47%. Conclusion: The phytochemical screening results showed that the extracts of C. volkensii had flavonoids, steroids and phenolics while the leaf extracts M. obscura had phenolics, terpenoids and saponins. Flavonoids, saponins and phenolics have been associated with anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, the study has established that the DCM: methanolic leaf extracts of Caesalpinia volkensii and Maytenus obscura are effective in management of inflammation.
Oryza glaberrima : A source for the improvement of Oryza sativa

African rice Oryza glaberrima (2n = 24, AA) has many unique traits such as weed competitiveness, drought tolerance and the ability to grow under low input conditions. These traits have been recently combined with high yield of Oryza sativa to develop NERICA (NEw Rice for AfriCA). The new rice varieties are high-yielding, drought- and pest-resistant and are uniquely adapted to the growing conditions of West Africa. The major problems in combining useful traits of both cultivated Oryza species are sexual incompatibility and hybrid sterility. Reproductive barriers between the two species have been studied and genetic models based on sporogametophytic interactions proposed. The availability of a molecular linkage map of 0. glaberrima and molecular markers linked to sterility loci would aid in the introgression of desirable traits and elimination of sterility loci quickly. The use of 0. glaberrima in rice breeding is challenging, but promising. The genetic base of Asian rice 0. sativa can be widened for obtaining higher yields under adverse conditions and using non-transgenic approaches.
Evaluation of right and left ventricular size in SHR-Wistar hybrids.

The relative right and left ventricular sizes were evaluated in hybrid rats obtained by crossing spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and pure Wistar strains to detect cardiac hypertrophy dissociated from the hypertension genetically transmitted by the SHR strain. In female hybrids of the the F1, F2, and F3 generations, both ventricles were found to have bigger size in relation to body weight than in the pure Wistar, whereas only the F3 group was hypertensive. All generations of male hybrids had arterial pressure values in the hypertensive range, which were not consistently accompanied by increases in the ventricle mass. The correlation between arterial pressure and indexes of ventricular size was assessed in sex-age matched groups. In a range of systolic pressure values of 100-200 mmHg, the variables showed no correlation or poor positive correlation (correlation coefficient values from -0.3641 to 0.6153). The correlation was not improved in the F3 generation as would be expected, because these hybrids underwent higher left pressure load than the preceding generations. The results indicate that increased ventricular size in SHR-Wistar hybrids may be independent from the hypertension genetically transmitted by the SHR strain and suggest that some of the previously proposed factors, i.e., cardioadrenergic activity or the growth factor isolated from SHR hearts, may be playing a role in the ventricular hypertrophy process in this strain. If this characteristic of hybrids is a constant in pure SHR strain, its validity as a model of cardiac hypertrophy due to left pressure overload would be questioned.
Dynamics of KSHV gene expression during de novo infection and the role of LANA in immune modulation

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is an oncogenic human herpes virus that has been linked to the development of multiple malignancies including Kaposi’s sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and multicentric Castleman’s disease. Like all members of the herpesvirus family, KSHV establishes a lifelong persistence in the infected host. However, immediately upon infection, the virus has to overcome many challenges in the hostile cellular environment before it can establish a long-term infection. The remarkable success of the virus in establishing lifelong persistence in the infected host indicates that the virus is well equipped to manipulate the host environment very efficiently, even before it has a chance to fully express its genome. In order to understand how KSHV manipulates the host environment immediately upon infection, we must first understand which molecules are packaged in the virions and which viral genes are expressed during the initial time points following entry of the virus into the host cells. In chapter I, we probe these questions by performing a comprehensive analysis of the viral transcriptome in the purified KSHV virions. We also examine the dynamics of viral transcriptome at very early time-points following de novo infection of multiple cell lines permissive to long-term infection of KSHV. For this comprehensive study of viral transcriptome analysis, we used a high throughput approach of next-generation RNA sequencing. The results of this study identified many viral transcripts that are packaged into the virions and the transcripts that are actively transcribed during the initial infection period. Overall, the results of this study lay a foundation for future research targeting the viral genes whose expression may be critical for establishing a successful viral infection.
The botanical and chemical aspects of oregano

Un survol de la litterature montre que des plantes appartenant a diverses familles (compositae, rubiaceae, schrophulariaceae, umbelliferae, labiatae et verbenaceae) sont connues sous le nom d'oregano ou d'origanum; composition chimique des essences de quelques-unes de ces plantes (Lippia alba, Origanum vulgare, Thymus capitatus et Lippia graveolens)
Influence of y Irradiation on the Development of Neoplastic Disease in Mice

The influence of 137Cs y irradiation on the development of reticular tissue neoplasms was investiged using male and female RFM/Un mice. The relationship between radiation dose and incidence of thymic lymphoma for females was complex, and no simple model described the relationship over the entire dose range. Over the range 0 to 25 rad linearity could be rejected and a dose-squared model described the data, while over the range 50 to 300 rad the response was linear. Males were less sensitive to induction of thymic lymphoma than females and their dose-response relationship was less complex with a linear response predominating. Males were more sensitive than females to induction of myeloid leukemia, with the age-adjusted incidence at 300 rad reaching 20% in males but only 5% in females. The response was linear for both sexes. The age-adjusted incidence of reticulum cell sarcoma decreased with dose in both male and female mice. The role of host factors in determining the type of neoplasm as well as the form of the dose-response relationship is discussed.
Effects of priming on germination and health of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds

The effects of priming treatments, including CaCl 2 , NaCl, KNO 3 and polyethylene glycol (PEG 8000) at -1.25 MPa for 2, 3, or 4 d at 20°C, were assessed on rice seeds (Oryza sativa L. cv 'Zhenongda 454'). Primed and nonprimed control seeds were then germinated at 25°C. The blotter method was used for mycological analysis of primed and nonprimed seeds. None of priming treatments significantly increased germination capacity of rice seed compared with control. A significantly higher energy of germination was observed after seven priming treatments and mean germination time decreased and germination index increased after three treatments. Priming caused an increase in the number of genera or species of fungi detected in rice seeds, Although there was no significant effect on the total infestation of rice seed. Primed seeds had significantly higher incidence of Fusarium spp. and lower incidence of Cladosporium spp. than nonprimed ones. Pre-treatment with sodium hypochlorite had no effect on the total infestation of rice seed. Pre-treatment caused decrease in the incidence of Fusarium spp. in primed rice seeds and increase in the incidence of Curvularia spp.
Dentitional phenomena in cobra revisited : spitting and fang structure in the Asiatic species of Naja (Serpentes : Elapidae)

We compare the fang morphology of the Asiatic cobra species, with particular reference to the occurrence of spitting behavior. The two nonspitting species, Naja naja and N. oxiana, have unmodified fangs with large venom discharge orifices; the other seven species, which have all been reported to spit, show varying degrees of reduction in discharge orifice size. There is considerable variation in the degree of fang modification among the species of spitting cobras, and only a small reduction in discharge orifice size seems to enable spitting. Some species show geographic variation in fang structure, and N. philippinensis shows sexual dimorphism in discharge orifice size.