Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morphology and immunohistochemistry of carcinoma in situ adjacent to testicular germ cell tumours in adults and children: implications for histogenesis

Observations differ on the pre‐invasive malignant lesions associated with the various categories of testicular germ cell tumours. Such lesions have been found to be similar in appearance and are assumed to be composed of multipotent cells, or conversely a distinctive pre‐invasive stage has been reported in association with each form of germ cell neoplasm. This study was undertaken to see whether distinctive morphological and immunohistochemical features of carcinoma in situ adjacent to various categories of germ cell tumours could be established. Carcinoma in situ adjacent to seminomas, teratomas and mixed germ cell tumours in 18 adults was indistinguishable morphologically. Placental alkaline phosphatase was demonstrated immunohistochemically but vimentin and low molecular weight cytokeratins were uniformly absent in these abnormal germ cells from all three groups. These findings support the concept of a multipotent pre‐invasive malignant cell for both seminoma and teratoma in the adult. Carcinoma in situ was not seen adjacent to 1 5 spermatocytic seminomas, nor was placental alkaline phosphatase demonstrated in tubules adjacent to these tumours. These negative findings are additional evidence that spermatocytic seminoma differs from classical seminoma in its histogenesis. Carcinoma in situ, as defined morphologically and immunohistochemically in adults, was not identified adjacent to yolk sac tumours and differentiated teratomas in 20 prepubertal testes. The possibility that pre‐invasive malignancy in children may not resemble that in adults must be considered when assessing the malignant potential of cryptorchid testes on biopsies taken during orchidopexy.
Amputation Neuroma Growing Intravascularly Into a Thrombus

An adult man underwent arm amputation for a sarcoma. Pain and three masses observed radiologically prompted surgical exploration five years later. Microscopically, the masses represented amputation neuromas. One of them was located in the lumen of an artery, in a remote organized thrombus. Intravascular growth of an amputation neuroma has not been described previously.
Current therapy for human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Antiretroviral treatments with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have shown remarkable progress in the past decade and resulted in impressive improvements in life expectancy and quality of life for patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). Despite the clinical benefits, the management of HIV infection faces many problems. Although HAART is able to suppress the viral load in the plasma, it is unable to eradicate it, and once HAART is initiated, treatment needs to be continued over a lifetime. The side effects of long-term HAART, such as lipodystrophy, lactic acidosis, insulin resistance, and hyperlipidemia, are negative impacts for patients who receive HAART. In addition, patients need to demonstrate high adherence to the therapy to achieve viral suppression and prevent the development of a drug-resistant virus. This review discusses currently recommended antiretroviral treatment strategies, the difficulties with antiretroviral treatments, and current issues regarding HIV management.
A Near State PWM Method With Reduced Switching Frequency And Reduced Common Mode Voltage For Three-Phase Voltage Source Inverters

The near state PWM (NSPWM) method, which reduces the common mode voltage/current, is proposed for three-phase PWM inverter drives. The optimal voltage vectors and their sequences are determined. The voltage linearity and DC bus and AC output PWM current ripple characteristics are studied. The method is thoroughly investigated and its performance is compared to conventional methods. Theory, simulations, and experiments show that NSPWM exhibits superior common mode and satisfactory PWM ripple performance characteristics.
Application of aqueous saponin on the remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-contaminated soil

The aim of this research was to evaluate the feasibility of aqueous saponin for the removal and biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from contaminated soil. Dissolution test confirmed the ability of saponin to increase the apparent solubility of the tested 3–5 rings PAH above the critical micelle concentration (approximately 1000 mg/L). Microbial test with pure culture of Sphingomonas sp. showed that saponin significantly enhanced the degradation of pyrene. For example, the percent degradation was 2.1 times higher in the presence of 2500 mg/L saponin than that of control without saponin after 60 hours incubation at around 108 CFU/mL initial cell loading. These results suggest that the binding of pyrene with saponin does not pose a serious constraint to bacterial uptake. Contrary to pyrene, saponin was chemically stable against the PAHs degrader. It is also not toxic to the cell at least up to 2500 mg/L. Finally, using a spiked soil sample, extraction tests with 10,000 mg/L of saponin showed that around 52.7% and 0.3% of pyrene was removed from low and high organic spiked soils, respectively. The results from this study indicate that aqueous saponin is appropriate as a washing agent as well as biodegradation enhancer for the detoxification of PAHs-contaminated low organic carbon soil.
Part 2: Ultrastructural changes of fibrin networks during three phases of pregnancy: A qualitative investigation

Introduction: Normal pregnancy is characterized by significant alterations in the haemostatic system accompanied by an augmented risk of thrombosis. Materials and methods: The fibrin network ultrastructure of different phases of pregnancy, namely early pregnancy (week 8–14), late pregnancy (week 36–40) as well as post‐partum (week 6–8 after birth) were compared with nonpregnant fibrin networks as well as each other to establish whether differences in fibrin network morphology exist during pregnancy. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to analyse fibrin network morphology. Results: The fibrin networks from all phases of pregnancy appeared similar to each other, exhibiting prominent coagulant formation, an increase in the formation of minor, thin fibers, and the presence of granular globules. All three phases, however, differ from the typical fibrin network ultrastructure exhibited by the fibrin networks from nonpregnant individuals. The increase in estrogen associated with pregnancy may cause the increase in coagulation factors and ultimately the prothrombotic state characteristic of pregnancy. Conclusions: Since no differences were apparent between the different phases of pregnancy it suggests that activation of the coagulation system commences with pregnancy and this pro‐thrombotic state continues till at least 8 weeks after birth. These results may shed light on possible pathological mechanisms employed in the development of abnormal or ailing pregnancy. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:602–608, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermal Stability of Specialty Optical Fibers

Application of silica optical fibers at elevated temperatures is limited by the thermal stability of their polymer coatings, as thermal degradation in most polymer materials occurs at much lower temperatures than silica, which can result in degradation in the fiber performance. In this paper, we attempt to clarify the concept of thermal stability of specialty polymer-coated silica optical fibers and demonstrate a quantitative measurement method using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in combination with methods for optical and strength measurement of optical fiber. Based on the results, long-term use temperatures for various specialty optical fibers are estimated.
[Comparison of antioxidative and antitumor activities of six flavonoids from Epimedium koreanum].

OBJECTIVE To study the antioxidative and antitumor activities of flavonoids isolated from Epimedium koreanum. METHOD The compounds were separated by column chromatography with silica gel and Sephadex LH-20, and identified by spectral a- nalysis (ESI-MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR) respectively. DPPH radical scavenging assay and MTT assay were used to observe the antioxidative and antitumor abilities. RESULT Six compounds were isolated from the the ethyl acetate extract of the aerial part. Their structures were identified as icariin (I), luteolin (II), baohuoside II (III), hyperoside (IV), epimedokoreanin B (V) and baohuoside I (VI). The results indicated that at concentrations of 3. 125-200 micromol x L(-1), compound I, III and VI had no ability to scavenge the DPPH radical, but the scavenging ability of compounds II, IV and V were stronger than that of Vit C in dose-dependant manner. Compounds I, II, V and VI could inhibit the proliferation of MCF-7 and HepG2 in dose-dependant manner, but compounds III and IV had no effect on the proliferation. CONCLUSION The antitumor activity of E. koreanum may be partially related to the antioxidantive activity of flavonoids.
COST AND EFFECTIVENESS OF HIP PROTECTORS AMONG THE ELDERLY

Objective: To characterize the net cost and quality of life effects associated with hip protector use among the elderly relative to no intervention. Methods: We developed two deterministic hypothetical cohorts of 500,000 65-year-old women or men and followed them over the remainder of their lifetimes. Data inputs were collected from secondary sources. Net costs are expressed in 1999 U.S. dollars, whereas net effectiveness is expressed in lives saved and in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained. Results: Hip protector use results in net cost savings for both elderly women and men. Women over age 65 and men over age 85 also gain QALYs through hip protector use. Conclusions: Using the estimates available in the literature, our analysis indicates that use of hip protectors among women is associated with large cost savings and QALY gains even when accounting for the inconvenience of using the protectors. Among men, hip protectors are also associated with cost savings (although of smaller magnitude), but there are net losses of QALYs because of the inconveniences associated with the protectors.
Converting emotional voice to motion for robot telepresence

In this paper we present a new method for producing affective motion for humanoid robots. The NAO robot, like other humanoids, does not possess facial features to convey emotion. Instead, our proposed system generates pose-independent robot movement using a description of emotion through speed, intensity, regularity and extent (DESIRE). We show how the DESIRE framework can link the emotional content of voice and gesture, without the need for an emotion recognition system. Our results show that DESIRE movement can be used to effectively convey at least four emotions with user agreement 60–75%, and that voices converted to motion through SIRE maintained the same emotion significantly higher than chance, even across cultures (German to Japanese). Additionally, portrayals recognized as happiness were rated significantly easier to understand with motion over voice alone.
Activation of anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase from Sulfolobus solfataricus by removal of magnesium inhibition and acceleration of product release .

Anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus (ssAnPRT) is encoded by the sstrpD gene and catalyzes the reaction of anthranilate (AA) with a complex of Mg(2+) and 5'-phosphoribosyl-alpha1-pyrophosphate (Mg.PRPP) to N-(5'-phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate (PRA) and pyrophosphate (PP(i)) within tryptophan biosynthesis. The ssAnPRT enzyme is highly thermostable (half-life at 85 degrees C = 35 min) but only marginally active at ambient temperatures (turnover number at 37 degrees C = 0.33 s(-1)). To understand the reason for the poor catalytic proficiency of ssAnPRT, we have isolated from an sstrpD library the activated ssAnPRT-D83G + F149S double mutant by metabolic complementation of an auxotrophic Escherichia coli strain. Whereas the activity of purified wild-type ssAnPRT is strongly reduced in the presence of high concentrations of Mg(2+) ions, this inhibition is no longer observed in the double mutant and the ssAnPRT-D83G single mutant. The comparison of the crystal structures of activated and wild-type ssAnPRT shows that the D83G mutation alters the binding mode of the substrate Mg.PRPP. Analysis of PRPP and Mg(2+)-dependent enzymatic activity indicates that this leads to a decreased affinity for a second Mg(2+) ion and thus reduces the concentration of enzymes with the inhibitory Mg(2). PRPP complex bound to the active site. Moreover, the turnover number of the double mutant ssAnPRT-D83G + F149S is elevated 40-fold compared to the wild-type enzyme, which can be attributed to an accelerated release of the product PRA. This effect appears to be mainly caused by an increased conformational flexibility induced by the F149S mutation, a hypothesis which is supported by the reduced thermal stability of the ssAnPRT-F149S single mutant.
Guidelines for morpholino use in zebrafish

1 Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany, 2 Institute of Cell Biology, ZBME, University of Münster, Münster, Germany, 3 Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America, 4 Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America, 5 Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America, 6 Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America, 7 Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 8 The Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom, 9 Institute of Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, WWU Münster, Faculty of Medicine, Münster, Germany, 10 Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America, 11 Division of Developmental Biology, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, 12 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, 13 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom, 14 Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 15 Departments of Molecular Genetics and Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America, 16 Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, 17 School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 18 National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan, 19 Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, 20 Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
Consideration of the Factors Influencing the Specific Rates of Solvolysis of p-Methoxyphenyl Chloroformate

A recent correlations analysis of the specific rates of solvolysis of p-methoxyphenyl chloroformate (1) in 31 solvents using the three-term Grunwald-Winstein equation led to a sensitivity (h) towards changes in the aromatic ring parameter (I) of 0.85 ± 0.15. This value, suggesting an appreciable contribution from the hI term, is in contrast to the h value of 0.35 ± 0.19 that was reported for the parent phenyl chloroformate (2). However, for 1, only two specific rate values were available for the important fluoroalcohol containing solvents. Values are now reported for 13 additional solvents, 12 of which have appreciable fluoroalcohol content. With all 44 solvents considered, it is found that the solvolytic behavior indicated for 1 now parallels very closely that previously reported for 2.
A double flow cytometric tag allows tracking of the dynamics of cell cycle progression of newborn Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells during balanced exponential growth

Studies on the dynamics of growth of single eukaryotic cells and their relationships with cell cycle regulations are generally carried out following cell synchronization procedures or, on a relatively low number of cells, by time‐lapse studies. Establishment of both time‐lapse studies and synchronous cell populations usually requires elaborate experimental efforts and is prone to perturb the physiological state of the cell.
Temporal Variation of Road Accident Data Caused by Road Infrastructure

Road accident data are collected annually in the United Kingdom (UK) using the STATS 19 accident report forms. The data is then stored on databases for subsequent analyses. The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology which may be used to extract knowledge from such databases in an automated manner using data mining techniques. The analysis examined accident causation due to road infrastructure features over a period of 5 years. The data mining system used was WEKA. Accident frequency histograms for each year were computed together with the probabilities of occurrence of a fatal/serious injury accident for different circumstances. Using Bayesian classifiers and an appropriate search algorithm in WEKA it was possible to analyze the data considered by producing rules that describe the interrelationship between different data. The success of this methodology was demonstrated by the agreement between the results and the matching road policies adopted in this period by the road authorities concerned. For example, results show that generally it is more probable that an accident will occur in daylight than in darkness. Another finding of the study is that the possibility of fatal accidents in darkness, when lights are unavailable, is twice as high as the possibility of serious injury accidents. It was also found that the probability of fatal and serious accidents occurring on wet surfaces had declined over the five-year period under consideration.
A Study on the Optimal Cost for the Hinfty Problem of Discrete Linear Periodically Time-Varying Systems

In this paper, we propose a new method to obtain the optimal cost (the infimum of the achievable $H_\infty$ norm of a closed-loop system) for discrete linear periodically time-varying (LPTV) systems. This method reduces via the lifting technique the original problem to the $H_\infty$ problems of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems without the causality constraint, and therefore the optimal cost can be easily calculated. It is one of the primary advantages over other existing methods. We also show, by applying our method to LTI systems, that the optimal cost for the $H_\infty$ problem of discrete LTI systems cannot be improved even if we use a class of noncausal controllers. An intriguing implication of this fact is further shown in the context of causal controllers.
Shoe box all semiconductor high power femtosecond laser system

Mode-locked laser diodes are attractive sources for the generation of ultra short pulses. These systems are particularly interesting as an alternative to conventional femtosecond lasers like Ti:sapphire lasers, which are rather complex and expensive. For example, a compact diode based system was already shown to replace successfully a Ti:sapphire laser in a Terahertz time-domain spectrometer [1].
Involvement of the Noradrenergic System in Performance on a Continuous Task Requiring Effortful Attention

To determine the effects of noradrenergic neuronal activity on performance in continuous tasks requiring effortful attention, the performance of 23 male students in the Uchida-Kraepelin test (UKT) was examined. The UKT requires continuous arithmetic addition of single-digit figures for 25 min. The relationship of performance with saliva levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (sMHPG) was analyzed. Saliva samples were taken before, during and after test performance, and sMHPG levels determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. There was no significant change in mean sMHPG as a result of test performance. However, when initial effort was calculated, defined as number of items completed during the 1st min subtracted from the average completed per minute in the 1st and the 2nd halves (blocks) of the test, significant correlations with sMHPG (p = 0.0002 for the 1st block and p < 0.0001 for the 2nd block) were found. Thus the data indicate that noradrenergic neuronal activity affects the performance on continuous tasks requiring effortful attention.
Atomic and molecular electron affinities: photoelectron experiments and theoretical computations.

I. Introduction and Scope 231A. Definitions of Atomic Electron Affinities 233B. Definitions of Molecular Electron Affinities 233II. Experimental Photoelectron Electron Affinities 235A. Historical Background 235B. The Photoeffect 236C. Experimental Methods 237D. Time-of-Flight Negative Ion PhotoelectronSpectroscopy239E. Some Thermochemical Uses of ElectronAffinities241F. Layout of Table 10: ExperimentalPhotoelectron Electron Affinities242III. Theoretical Determination of Electron Affinities 242A. Historical Background 2421. Theoretical Predictions of Atomic ElectronAffinities2422. Theoretical Predictions of MolecularElectron Affinities243B. Present Status of Theoretical Electron AffinityPredictions243C. Basis Sets and Theoretical Electron Affinities 244D. Density Functional Theory (DFT) andElectron Affinities245E. Layout of Tables 8 and 9: Theoretical DFTElectron Affinities247F. Details of Density Functional MethodsEmployed in Tables 8 and 9247IV. Discussion and Observations 248A. Statistical Analysis of DFT Results ThroughComparisons to Experiment and OtherTheoretical Methods248B. Theoretical EAs for Species with UnknownExperimental EAs251C. On the Applicability of DFT to Anions and theFuture of DFT EA Predictions251D. Specific Theoretical Successes 251E. Interesting Problems 2521. C
The effect of hypoxia on G protein coupled (CB1) receptor gene expression in cortical B50 neurons in culture

Hypoxia adversely affects cells and tissues, and neuronal cells in particular have been shown to be more susceptible to the injurious effects of hypoxia in which they may begin to die when oxygen supply is reduced or completely eliminated. Cannabinoid (CB1) receptor agonists have been shown to elicit several Central Nervous System (CNS) effects, mediated via G protein-coupled receptors. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of hypoxia on G protein coupled receptor (CB1) gene expression in cortical neuronal B50 cell lines in culture. The B50 cells were cultured in normoxia (21% O2; 5% CO2) and hypoxia (5% O2; 5% CO2), and were treated with cannabinoid agonists to determine their effects on hypoxia-induced changes. Three cannabinoid agonists [Win55,212-2 mesylate (Win), arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA) and 2- arachidonylglycerol (2-AG)], were administered to the cells as treatment for 48 hours after 48hours of initial culture for a total of 96hours of culture in hypoxic conditions at concentrations of 10, 50 and 100 nM . The levels of G-protein coupled receptor (CB1) mRNAs were assessed using RT-PCR. The results showed that hypoxia induced morphological changes in B5 0 cells in hypoxia while the CB1 RT-PCR mRNA levels showed no appreciable changes in normal, hypoxic and treated cells. The results show that B50 neuronal cells are susceptible to damage and injurious effects of hypoxia, as are most brain cells and the cannabinoid agonist treatments showed there were no changes in the level of CB1 receptor gene expression due to hypoxia or agonist treatment in neuronal B50 cells in culture.