Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and evaluation of α-fluoro analogues of capsaicin and 2-(aminomethyl)piperidine derivatives

Chapter 1 gives an overview of the fluorine chemistry field, from its early developments to recent applications in medicinal chemistry. The development of asymmetric electrophilic or nucleophilic installation of fluorine in organic molecules is highlighten. Chapter 2 of this thesis discusses the enantioselective synthesis of α-fluoroamides. The study is applied to the synthesis of fluoroenantiomers of the bioactive molecule capsaicin and shortchain analogues. The biological activity of these compounds is assayed with the TRPV1 receptor. Results show that enantioselective α-fluoroamides (R)-97, (R)-99 and (S)-99 can generate differentiated biological responses, from TRPV1 agonists to TRPV1 antagonists. Chapter 3 focuses on the optimisation and development of 2-(aminomethyl)piperidine (R)251 dihydrochloride. The development of 2-(aminomethyl)piperidine (R)-251 as its ditetrafluoroborate salt proved to offer excellent reactivity and solubility for the preparation of derivatives. This tetrafluoroborate salt was used to improve the syntheses of organocatalysts 2,2,2-trifluoro-N-(piperidin-2-ylmethyl)acetamide 363 and 4-methyl-N-(piperidin-2ylmethyl)benzenesulfonamide 364.The catalytic properties of these latter two molecules for asymmetric Mannich reaction is demonstrated. Both (R)-363 and (R)-364 show up to 86% ee, in a typical 20 mol% loading, but loading of (R)-363 as low as 5 mol% still induces the catalysis.
Comparative study on Optimized Moving Average types, Buy-and- Hold Trading Strategies

Forecasters in the financial market are of the opinion that past price and volume from Technical analysis make available important and useful information which can lead tosubstantial trading profits. This paper examines comparative study between Exponential Simple Moving Average (ESMA) Trading Strategy and the popular Simple Moving Average (SMA). We discovered that the initial conventional SMA crossover strategies have generated higher risk-adjusted portfolio return in contrast to the simple buy-and-hold approach. The optimized Exponential Simple Moving Average (ESMA) trading strategy demonstrate variation in its strategy as profits are observed in some lower periods of intersection , which show higher return as evaluated against the original SMA and the Buy-and Hold (B&H) strategy, while some show low strategy return. This was as a result of added stringent and predefined trading rules that moderate trading signals, thereby reducing the number of trades and increasing the profit returns.
Coverage bias on Wikipedia? Evidence from biographies of German Members of Parliament

We investigate whether Wikipedia has a coverage bias in its biographies of members of the current German Parliament (Bundestag). Biographies of MPs belonging to the Social Democrats (SPD) are, on average, shorter than biographies of MPs from other parties. This correlation remains after controlling for individual characteristics and demographic properties of the electoral district. We discuss several potential explanations for these correlations. First, they could be driven by unobserved heterogeneity between the politicians of the different parties, which might even lead neutral authors to allocate less space to MPs from the SPD. Second, the di¤erences could be due to partisan writing. To weigh up the plausibility of these two competing explanations, we compare MPscoverage on the German Wikipedia with the English Wikipedia, arguing that partisan writers have no incentive to contribute to biographies of German MPs on the English language version of Wikipedia. Di¤erence-in-di¤erences estimation tends to support the role of lower partisan writing on behalf of the SPD. We thank Felix Arnold, Adrian Chadi, Maria Cubel, Matthew Ellman, Marc Fischer, Oliver Gürtler, Matthias Heinz, David Jaeger, André Kaiser, Sebastian Mertesacker, Florian Morath, Susanne Prantl, Santiago Sanchez-Pages, Wendelin Schnedler, Detlef Schoder, Marius Vogel, Dainis Zegners, participants of the SMYE 2016, of the Ammersee Workshop 2016, the 14th Annual Media Economics Workshop, and seminar participants of the DICE Brown Bag Seminar and the Paderborn Research Seminar for helpful comments and suggestions. We also thank Annika Bohnhorst and Julian Freitag for excellent research assistance, and Marc Egger for supporting us with his programming skills. yPreliminary draft. Please check with the authors for updates before citing! zUniversity of Cologne. E-mail: anna.kerkhof@wiso.uni-koeln.de xUniversity of Cologne. E-mail: johannes.muenster@uni-koeln.de
Development of earthworm communities in translocated grasslands at Manchester Airport, UK

The aim of this work was to assess density, biomass and species composition of earthworm communities within four translocated grasslands at Runway 2, Manchester Airport. Results from this study also evaluated the availability of earthworms as a food source for displaced, protected vertebrate species. The sites studied differed in topography and method/type of soil/turf transfer. Earthworms were extracted by digging and hand sorting of soil from replicated 0.1 m2 plots, followed by vermifuge application. Monitoring from 1998‐2001 produced nine species of earthworm representing all three ecological groupings. Throughout, areas supplied with turf contained significantly (P<0.05) more earthworms with greater mass than adjacent areas supplied with soil only. Areas of hummocks and adjacent wet hollows, both covered with the same translocated turf, differed in species composition. Data are presented for mean earthworm community density and mass over the sampling period. Across all sites, figures for density and mass (in 2001), ranged from 50‐427 m ‐2 and 12‐128 g m ‐2 respectively. In all sampled areas, density and mass of earthworms has either increased or remained relatively stable, suggesting each translocation method to be successful after 4 years.
PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF CEPROFLOXACIN USING MAGNETIC IRON OXIDE

Magnetic Iron Oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method. The decomposition of ciprofloxacin under Fe3O4 and UV radiation was evaluated under contact time and catalyst dose using conductory method. The IR absorption band shows mineralization of the compound was not achieved and the result exhibited photocatalysis than photolysis.
Real Robot Challenge – Phase 2 A Planning Approach with Learned Ensemble Models

For the real robot challenge, we combine a fast zero-order optimization method (iCEM) with model learning.Our iCEM method generates strong expert trajectories using a learned forward dynamics model, which is iteratively trained on newly collected data. We use parallel forward model ensembles and use their uncertainty as a cost penalty in the optimization. Through the tight coupling between all components, our algorithm runs in real-time, rendering it suitable for real robotic applications
Effect of Asian and Siberian Ginseng on Serum Digoxin Measurement by Five Digoxin Immunoassays

Asian and Siberian ginsengs contain glycosides with structural similarities to digoxin. We studied potential interference of ginseng in 5 digoxin immunoassays in 3 Asian (2 liquid extracts, 1 capsule) and 3 Siberian ginseng preparations (1 liquid extract, 2 capsules). With the fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA), we observed apparent digoxin activity in 1 Asian liquid preparation and in the liquid extract and 1 capsule form of Siberian ginseng. In mice fed ginseng, we observed digoxin activities in the serum (Asian, 0.48–0.68 ng/mL [0.6–0.9 nmol/L]; Siberian, 0.20–0.47 ng/mL [0.3–0.6 nmol/L]), indicating that such interferences also occur in vivo. Serum pools prepared from samples from patients receiving digoxin and then supplemented with Asian or Siberian ginseng showed falsely increased digoxin values using the FPIA (eg, for Asian ginseng, 1.54 ng/mL [2.0 nmol/L] vs control value, 1.10 ng/mL [1.4 nmol/L]) and falsely decreased values using the microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA; 0.73 ng/mL [0.9 nmol/L] vs control value, 1.04 ng/mL [1.3 nmol/L]). Digoxin-like immunoreactive substances (DLISs) showed synergistic effects with ginsengs in interfering with the FPIA and MEIA for digoxin. No interference was observed with 3 other digoxin assays, even in the presence of elevated DLISs.
Assay Value of Acid Mammalian Chitinase Activity in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients: Correlation with Non-invasive Markers of Hepatic Fibrosis

Chronic hepatitis C virus run the risk of developing fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in later life. Aim: The aim is to assay acid mammalian chitinase (AMCase) activity in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients using a simple colorimetric technique and Correlate such activity with those of non-invasive markers of hepatic fibrosis. Methods: Blood samples were withdrawn to characterize viral infection, to estimate AMC activity, to count blood cells and to evaluate liver function tests. Beside, clinical investigation and transient elastography were done. Results: The mean acid mammalian chitinase activity was significantly elevated (P<0.03) when compared with that of the control group. Such activity was significantly and positively correlated with leukocytes counts. The activity was negatively correlated with AST/ALT score (r= 0.25 and P<0.033). The activity gave an AUC of 0.69 with higher specificity (Sp= 86.7) and PPV value (94.3) when tested to differentiate patients from control individuals. Thus, it was significantly differentiate patients from healthy control. Also, AUC of the enzyme activity was higher than those of AST/ALT and Age /AST. Further, its PPV was higher than that of the former indicating its tendency to differentiate CHC patients from healthy individuals. The lowering in its NPV may be due to the heterogeneity of liver pathology of CHC patients. In conclusion, the assay of AMCase activity can add more to the assessment of liver disorders in CHC patients; especially if a larger number of patients and detailed pathology of the liver is included in a latter study. KEYWORDS—Acid mammalian chitinase activity, non-invasive scores, chronic hepatitis C, transient elastography. ————————————————————
Adsorption technique for the removal of phenolic compounds from wastewater using low-cost natural adsorbents

Adsorption technique is widely used for removal of toxic organic contaminants from aqueous streams. Owing to the hazardous or otherwise undesirable characteristics of phenolic compounds in particular, their presence in wastewater from municipal and industrial discharge is one of the most important environmental issue. Although commercial activated carbon is an effective adsorbent, its widespread used is restricted due to its high cost and substantial lost during regeneration. The use of cheaper and readily available natural adsorbent is being investigated in the present study. Batch studies on synthetic wastewater involving parameters like initial concentration, pH effect, contact time, kinetic studies and thermodynamic studies are investigated for the determination of the best fit isotherm, maximum adsorption capacity, equilibrium pH, equilibrium time and equilibrium temperature of adsorption. Various isotherm models- Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubunin-Radushkevich and Redlich Peterson were tested to explain the adsorption mechanism. Kinetic studies were performed using pseudo-first order, second order and Elovich equation. It was found that these low cost adsorbents demonstrated good removal capabilities of certain phenolic compounds and hence can be used economically on large scale.
EXPERT ASSESSMENT OF UNCERTAINTIES IN DETECTION AND ATTRIBUTION OF CLIMATE CHANGE

Abstract The problem of detection of climate change and attribution of causes of change has been formalized as a series of discrete probability judgements in an expert elicitation protocol. Here results are presented from the protocolfor 19 experts, highlighting areas of convergence and divergence among experts. There is broad agreement among the experts that the global mean surface air temperature, vertical pattern of temperature change, geographical pattern of temperature change, and changes in diurnal temperature are the important lines of evidence for climate change detectionand attribution. For the global mean and vertical pattern lines of evidence, the majority of experts (90%) reject the null hypothesis (no climate change) at the 5% significance level, thereby lending strong support to detection of climatechange. For these lines of evidence the median probability of detection at the 5% significance level across experts exceeds 0.9. For the geographical pattern and diurnal cycle lines of evidence, t.
How effective are the COVID-19 vaccines? A Bayesian analysis

This short paper reports a Bayesian analysis of the publicly available COVID-19 trial results. The analysis casts some doubts on whether the half+full dose regime of the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine is truly (much) more effective than the 2x full dose regime. The 95% posterior interval for the effectiveness of the half+full dose regime is 66-96%, while for the 2x full dose regime it is 39-74%. The estimated effectiveness for the Pfizer vaccine is 89-97% and for Moderna 86-97%. These results should be interpreted with care though, since this analysis does not account for differences in for instance trial population, COVID-19 testing, and storage requirements for the various vaccines.
Functional network dynamics in progressive multiple sclerosis

Functional reorganization at the progressive stage of multiple sclerosis has received limited attention, despite the fact that functional changes are known to occur. Characterizing large-scale network dynamics at rest has the potential to provide new insights into the complexity of such functional alterations. In this case-control study, we explored the dynamic properties of large-scale functional networks during rest in 25 healthy controls and 32 patients with progressive multiple sclerosis, using the innovation-driven co-activation patterns. Thirty-five subjects underwent also a one-year follow-up examination. Partial least squares correlation analysis was applied to explore the relationship between functional dynamics and clinical disability. We observed a reduced dynamic engagement of the anterior default mode network and its coupling with the executive-control network in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis compared to controls at baseline and follow-up. The global and motor disabilities were related to functional dynamics of subcortical, sensory-motor and posterior default mode network, while the cognitive disability was associated to the altered dynamics of anterior default mode, visual and temporal networks. These findings reveal that the anterior default mode functional recruitment and its interaction with other networks play a major role in the functional reorganization occurring during the progressive stage of multiple sclerosis. Also, the dynamic properties of large-scale functional networks are steady over one year and unveil the intricate relationship between brain function and clinical disability.
The impact of COVID-19 disruption to cervical cancer screening in England on excess diagnoses.

Background: Cervical cancer screening services in England have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Using routine statistics we estimate number of women affected by delays to screening. We used published research to estimate the proportion of screening age women with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and progression rates to cancer. Under two scenarios we estimate the impact of COVID-19 on cervical cancer over one screening cycle (3y at ages 25-49 and 5y at ages 50-64). The duration of disruption in both scenarios is six months. In the first scenario all women have their screening interval is extended by six months. In the second some women (those who would have been screened during the disruption) miss one screening cycle, but most women have no delay. Results: Both scenarios result in similar numbers of excess cervical cancers: 630 vs. 632 (both 4.3 per 100,000 women in the population). However the scenario in which some women miss one screening cycle creates inequalities - they would have much higher rates of excess cancer: 41.5 per 100,000 screened women compared to those with a six month delay (5.9 per 100,000 screened). Conclusion: To ensure equity for those affected by COVID-19 related screening delays additional screening capacity will need to be paired with prioritising the screening of overdue women.
Role of Internal Calcium Stores in Exocytosis andNeurotransmission: A Dissertation

99 Introduction 100 Materials and Methods 104 Results 115 Blocking RYRs 115 Blocking RYRs in the presence of reserpine 118 Blocking RYRs in unpatched intact cells 118 Decreasing Ca levels in ryanodine-sensitive internal stores 119 Internal solution buffered to 500 nM 121 Relationship between exocytotic events and syntillas . 123 Discussion 125 A second Ca microdomain 126 Physiological role of spontaneous exocytosis and its regulation by syntillas 127 Dual effect of syntillas on spontaneous exocytosis . 130 References 132 Chapter 6 Physiologically relevant stimulation differentially regulates Ca syntillas 151 Abstract 15
Survival Effect of Maximal Cytoreductive Surgery for Advanced Ovarian Carcinoma During the Platinum Era: A Meta-Analysis.

PURPOSE To evaluate the relative effect of percent maximal cytoreductive surgery and other prognostic variables on survival among cohorts of patients with advanced-stage ovarian carcinoma treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-one cohorts of patients with stage III or IV ovarian carcinoma (6,885 patients) were identified from articles in MEDLINE (1989 through 1998). Linear regression models, with weighted correlation calculations, were used to assess the effects on log median survival time of the proportion of each cohort undergoing maximal cytoreduction, dose-intensity of the platinum compound administered, proportion of patients with stage IV disease, median age, and year of publication. RESULTS There was a statistically significant positive correlation between percent maximal cytoreduction and log median survival time, and this correlation remained significant after controlling for all other variables (P < .001). Each 10% increase in maximal cytoreduction was associated with a 5.5% increase in median survival time. When actuarial survival was estimated, cohorts with ≤ 25% maximal cytoreduction had a mean weighted median survival time of 22.7 months, whereas cohorts with more than 75% maximal cytoreduction had a mean weighted median survival time of 33.9 months-an increase of 50%. The relationship between platinum dose-intensity and log median survival time was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION During the platinum era, maximal cytoreduction was one of the most powerful determinants of cohort survival among patients with stage III or IV ovarian carcinoma. Consistent referral of patients with apparent advanced ovarian cancer to expert centers for primary surgery may be the best means currently available for improving overall survival.
Imaging techniques for evaluation of the uterine cavity and endometrium in premenopausal patients before minimally invasive surgery.

A literature review compared the diagnostic effectiveness and accuracy of transvaginal sonography (TVS) hysterosonographic examination (HSE), hysteroscopy (HY), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in abnormalities of the uterine cavity and endometrium in premenopausal patients referred to surgery a
The Clinical Anaesthesia Viva Book: Frontmatter

The second edition of the hugely popular The Clinical Anaesthesia Viva Book builds on the success of the first by providing a thorough review of short and long case questions typically given to Final FRCA viva candidates. An introductory chapter gives invaluable practical advice on preparation for the viva. This is followed by almost 100 short cases and 25 long cases, all based on viva questions posed at recent examinations. Answers have been constructed from a combination of popular textbooks, recent publications and the extensive practical experience of the authors. Short further reading lists are provided for more in-depth preparation. Written by a team of expert consultants and senior trainees with (successful! ) experience of the Final FRCA, this second edition of The Clinical Anaesthesia Viva Book, is a must-have for anyone preparing for the Final FRCA viva.
Correlação entre a positividade do xenodiagnóstico artificial e a quantidade de sangue e triatomíneos utilizados no exame, em pacientes chagásicos crônicos

The aim of this study was to verify whether the amount of blood and number of triotomines used could improve the artificial xenodiagnosis performed in 200 chronic phase infected individuals. Ten or 40ml of peripheral blood was collected in heparinized (20.4 IU) vacuum tubes, and fed to 60 and 360 triatomines, respectively. Dipetalogaster maximus (1st instar, about 15 days after eclosion), as well as 3rd instar Triatoma infestans and Triatoma vitticeps and the 4th instar of Rhodnius neglectus were used. The faecal examinations were performed 30 and 60 days after xenodiagnosis procedure. The positivity with 10ml of blood was 19% and with 40ml, 44%, from which it was concluded that a correlation existed between the amount of blood and the number of triatomines used (p < 0.01). The positivity of the xenodiagnosis ranged from 9.7 to 100%, higher in young and adults up to 34 years old, but independent in relation to the sex of the chronic chagasic individuals studied.
Neuro-Oftalmologia: sistema sensorial -- Parte II Revisão 1997 -- 1999

This is the first part of a review of papers on the visual afferent system published from 1997 to 1999. In this part the author presents the most important contributions made in areas such as neuro-ophthalmic tests, optic nerve anatomy, nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical features, treatment and prophylaxis), arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, posterior ischemic optic neuropathy, carotid artery disease, demyelinating optic neuritis, relationship between optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis, optic neuromyelitis, autoimmune optic neuritis and infectious optic neuritis. Selected papers are considered in relation to their results and previously established concepts.
The grateful disposition: A conceptual and empirical topography

In four studies, the authors examined the correlates of the disposition toward gratitude. Study 1 revealed that self-ratings and observer ratings of the grateful disposition are associated with positive affect and well-being, prosocial behaviors and traits, and religiousness/spirituality. Study 2 replicated these findings in a large nonstudent sample. Study 3 yielded similar results to Studies 1 and 2 and provided evidence that gratitude is negatively associated with envy and materialistic attitudes. Study 4 yielded evidence that these associations persist after controlling for Extraversion/positive affectivity, Neuroticism/negative affectivity, and Agreeableness. The development of the Gratitude Questionnaire, a unidimensional measure with good psychometric properties, is also described.