Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Task Trade between Similar Countries

The authors propose a theory of task trade between countries that have similar relative factor endowments and technological capabilities but may differ in size. Firms produce differentiated goods by performing a continuum of tasks, each of which generates local spillovers. Tasks can be performed at home or abroad, but offshoring entails costs that vary by task. In equilibrium, the tasks with the highest offshoring costs may not be traded. Among the remainder, those with the relatively higher offshoring costs are performed in the country that has the higher wage and higher aggregate output. The paper discusses the relationship between equilibrium wages, equilibrium outputs, and relative country size and examines how the pattern of specialization reflects the key parameters of the model.
On the importance of optical phonons to thermal conductivity in nanostructures

The contribution of optical phonons to thermal conductivity has typically been ignored. However, when the system size decreases to the nanoscale regime, optical phonons are no longer negligible. In this study, the contributions of different phonon polarizations to the thermal conductivity of silicon are discussed based on the phonon lifetimes extracted from a first principles approach. The results indicate that around room temperature, optical phonons can contribute over 20% to the thermal conductivity of nanostructures as compared to 5% in bulk materials. In addition, the temperature and size dependence of the contributions from acoustic and optical phonons are fully explored.
Novel Auxiliary Power Unit Configuration Based On Fuel Cell Technology for Civil Aircraft Application

This paper proposes novel Fuel Cell Auxiliary Power Unit (FCAPU) for J150+ aircraft application. The primary version of APU in J150+ aircraft is a gas turbine Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) which is based on gas turbine jet engine but in the suggested FCAPU, the generated electrical power is achieved from chemical energy with higher efficiency. The Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) technology is used to generate the electrical energy and MATLAB software is applied to simulate the SOFC performance in the J150+ aircraft. The simulation results show the FCAPU ability to generate the proper electrical energy with lower cost and higher reliability in comparison with the ordinary APU. Index Terms Auxiliary Power Unit, Generator, Fuel Cell, Aircraft Submission date: 22, April, 2015 Conditionally Acceptance date: 30, Dec., 2015 Acceptance date: 31, July, 2016 Corresponding author : Hamid Radmanesh Corresponding author’s address: Electrical Engineering Department, Shahid Sattari Aeronautical University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran D ow nl oa de d fr om ji ae ee . c om a t 2 0: 00 + 03 30 o n T ue sd ay O ct ob er 2 9t h 20 19
Exploring links between Arctic amplification and mid‐latitude weather

This study examines observed changes (1979–2011) in atmospheric planetary‐wave amplitude over northern mid‐latitudes, which have been proposed as a possible mechanism linking Arctic amplification and mid‐latitude weather extremes. We use two distinct but equally‐valid definitions of planetary‐wave amplitude, termed meridional amplitude, a measure of north‐south meandering, and zonal amplitude, a measure of the intensity of atmospheric ridges and troughs at 45°N. Statistically significant changes in either metric are limited to few seasons, wavelengths, and longitudinal sectors. However in summer, we identify significant increases in meridional amplitude over Europe, but significant decreases in zonal amplitude hemispherically, and also individually over Europe and Asia. Therefore, we argue that possible connections between Arctic amplification and planetary waves, and implications of these, are sensitive to how waves are conceptualized. The contrasting meridional and zonal amplitude trends have different and complex possible implications for midlatitude weather, and we encourage further work to better understand these.
PENINGKATAN POWER TUNGKAI PESILAT REMAJA MELALUI LATIHAN PLIOMETRIK Siswantoyo

This study aimed to investigate the pattern of changes in the leg power through modified plyometric training. This study was a time series quasi experiment. The measurements were done four times periodically. The population were 35 teenager fighters. The sample consisting of 15 males was taken by using the purposive sampling technique. The leg power was measured using a Digital DF power jump leg measurement with cm units. The data were analyzed descriptively. The findings showed that the average on 1 test: 40.6 cm ,that on the 2 test: 43.4 cm , that on the 3 test: 45.2 cm and that on the 4 test: 47.2 cm. Based on the findings, it could be concluded that the modified plyometrictraining could improve the leg power and that there was a tendency of improvement. Besides, it was also revealed that the change of the leg power in every other week tended to increase, decrease, and increase again. Therefore, it could be concluded that the modified plyometric training model could be used as an alternative training to improve the leg power of teenager fighters.
Employment Multipliers Over the Business Cycle

This paper estimates dynamic employment multipliers in a U.S. county during 1998-2015. On average, one exogenous tradable job gain creates 1.1 jobs in the rest of the county economy in the same year, but is offset by losses of 0.23 job one year later and 0.32 job two years later. The multiplier is modest during the 2002-2007 boom and is large during the Great Recession. It is smaller in the initial years of the Recovery but is larger in the latter years. Uncertainty and credit constraints are two possible hindrances to the propagation of job gains during the Recovery.
Tooth Localization with Coarse-to-Fine Auto-Encoders

Localization of teeth is a prerequisite task for most of the computerized methods for dental images such as medical diagnosis and human identification. Classical deep learning architectures like convolutional neural networks and auto-encoders seem to work well for tooth detection, however, it is non-trivial because of the large dental image size. In this study, a coarse-to-fine stacked auto-encoder architecture is presented for detection of teeth in dental panoramic images. The proposed architecture involves cascaded stacked auto-encoders where sizes of the input patches are increased with the successive steps. Only the detected candidate tooth patches are fed into the successive layers, thus the irrelevant patches are eliminated. The proposed architecture decreases the cost of detection process while providing precise localization. The method is tested and validated on a dataset containing 210 dental panoramic images and the tooth detection accuracy of the system is 91%. Keywords—Coarse-to-Fine auto-encoder, detection, deep learning, panoramic dental image Büyükten Küçüğe Oto-Kodlayıcılar ile Dişlerin Konumlandırılması Özet— Dişlerin lokalizasyonu, bilgisayar destekli gerçekleştirilen diş görüntülerden insan kimliklendirme ve medikal tanı için bir ön şarttır. Konvolüsyonel sinir ağları ve oto-kodlayıcılar gibi klasik derin öğrenme mimarileri diş tanıma işlemi için başarılı gözükse de dental görüntülerin çok büyük olması nedeniyle tüm arama uzayının taranması mümkün gözükmemektedir. Bu çalışmada, büyükten-küçüğe yığınlanmış bir oto-kodlayıcı yapısı ile dental görüntülerden dişleri tanıyan bir sistem sunulmuştur. Önerilen mimari, girdi görüntü yamalarının boyutlarının her kademede arttığı bir kademeli yığınlanmış oto-kodlayıcı yapısı içerir. İlerdeki katmanlara sadece bulunan aday diş yamaları verilir; böylece alakasız yamalar elimine edilmiş olur. Önerilen mimari tanıma aşamasındaki maliyeti düşürmekle beraber hassas konumlandırma imkanı sunar. Geliştirilen metot, 210 dental panoramik görüntü içeren bir veri kümesi üzerinde test edilmiştir ve %91 doğruluk ile çalışmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler—Büyükten –küçüğe oto-kodlayıcı, tanıma, derin öğrenme, panoramik dental görüntü
In vitro anti oxidant activity and total phenolic content of Dillenia indica and Garcinia penducalata , commonly used fruits in Assamese cuisine

Free radicals are paramagnetic molecular species which pos­ sess unpaired electron in its outer orbital. [1] The free radicals increase in the body when the body’s antioxidant system weakens. An oxidative stress is caused when the free radicals exceed the homeostasis level, leading to diseases. [2–6] Oxi­ dative stress is initiated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anions, that react *Corresponding address: Monjoy Kumar Choudhury Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya (USTM) Killing Road, Baridua, 9 mile, G. S. Road, Ri–Bhoi, Meghalaya, India. E mail: monjoy_ch@yahoo.com
Evolutionary nancial market models

We study computer simulations of two nancial market models, the second a simplied model of the rst. The rst is a model of the self-organized formation and breakup of crowds of traders, motivated by the dynamics of competitive evolving systems which shows interesting self-organized critical (SOC)-type behaviour without any ne tuning of control parameters. This SOC-type avalanching and stasis appear as realistic volatility clustering in the price returns time series. The market becomes highly ordered at ‘crashes’ but gradually loses this order through randomization during the intervening stasis periods. The second model is a model of stocks interacting through a competitive evolutionary dynamic in a common stock exchange. This model shows a self-organized ‘market-condence’. When this is high the market is stable but when it gets low the market may become highly volatile. Volatile bursts rapidly increase the market condence again. This model shows a phase transition as temperature parameter is varied. The price returns time series in the transition region is very realistic power-law truncated Levy distribution with clustered volatility and volatility superdiusion. This model also shows generally positive stock cross-correlations as is observed in real markets. This model may shed some light on why such phenomena are observed. c 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
A Novel Modelling and Controlling of Distributed Power Flow Controller (DPFC) Base on PSO Algorithm

This paper focuses mainly on the state modelling controlling of a new FACTS device named Distributed Power Flow Controller (DPFC). The paper also discusses the role and function of DPFC in power ﬂow controlling together with its economic evaluation. DPFC is one of the Distributed FACTS (D-FACTS) devices. Its function is similar to that of UPFC but instead of one series converters, several low power series converters are used in DPFC. Therefore, DPFC includes multiple series converters and one shunt converter without common dc link. This eventually enables the DPFC to fully control all power system parameters. It, also, increases the reliability of the device and reduces its cost simultaneously. In this study a novel current injection model of DPFC is presented. The suggested model is suitable for steady state and stability studies. To use the presented model, a proper control system is needed. In this paper the PSO algorithm is used for optimal designing of controller parameters. Application of DPFC in diﬀerent operating conditions and failure in series converters are simulated with Matlab/Simulink software . The presented control system enables the DPFC to control the active and reactive power ﬂow at the transmission line independently. In conclusion, the resented simulation results show the validity and eﬀectiveness of suggested modelling and control system of DPFC for power ﬂow controlling.
HANDLING SENTENCE COMPLEXITY IN INFORMATION EXTRACTION FOR AUTOMATED COMPLIANCE CHECKING IN CONSTRUCTION

Existing construction automated compliance checking (ACC) systems require manual effort for extracting requirements from textual regulatory documents (e.g. building codes) and encoding these requirements in a computer-processable format. To address this gap, we have proposed a new approach for ACC which automatically 1) extracts semantic information (concepts and relations) from construction regulatory documents, and 2) transforms the extracted information into Prolog logic clauses for automated reasoning. Due to the variety of natural language structures, the number of text patterns in one document could become extremely large. As a result, text processing (i.e. information extraction (IE) and information transformation (ITr)) becomes highly complex and difficult. In our approach, we are proposing two methods to handle sentence complexity: 1) topdown method: starting from the top level (i.e. full sentence) and proceeding down to identify and process complex sentence components, and 2) bottom-up method: starting from the lowest level (i.e. single terms in a sentence) and proceeding up to identify and process complex sentence components. Complex sentence components are intermediately processed segments of text that are composed of multiple concepts and relations. Further processing of complex sentence components results in recognition of concepts and relations for subsequent use in constructing logic clauses. We tested our proposed methods in processing quantitative requirements (i.e. IE and ITr) from the International Building Code. We compared the results against manually-developed gold standards; and evaluated the performance in terms of precision, recall, and F1 measure. Both methods achieved high performance, but the bottom-up method outperformed the top-down method. The bottom-up method achieved 0.962, 0.961, and 0.962, while the top-down method achieved 0.954, 0.925, and 0.939 for precision, recall, and F1 measure, respectively.
Automatic Analysis of Human Facial Expression Recognition in Image Sequence

Facial expression conveys nonverbal cues among humans. Recognition of facial expression is an essential research area in the field of Human Machine Interfaces (HMIs). Most of the existing automated system for facial expression analysis has an impact over accuracy. This paper proposes Multi-class Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) to obtain better recognition rate of facial expressions. The seven basic facial expressions are used in this work are happy, surprise, sad, anger, fear, disgust, and neutral. The face in an image sequence is detected using Viola Jones algorithm. Geometric and Appearance-based feature extraction approaches are used here. The geometrical features are extracted using Image Normalization and Thresholding techniques and optimal facial feature points are selected by an Entropy calculation. Local Directional Pattern (LDP) is utilized to extract the appearance-based facial feature which contains edge, spots and corner information of an image, and then the Local Directional Pattern Variance (LDPv) descriptor obtains contrast contribution during expression changes. Finally, the performance of the system is compared with machine learning techniques. The proposed method is trained and tested using images from Cohn-Kanade database.
The Keynesian Multiplier, Credit-Money and Time

We analyze whether the standard serial multiplier is con- sistent with an endogenous credit-money framework and whether it is applicable to time series data. In order to integrate these terms, we draw on the velocity multiplier approach and a reformulation of the sources and uses of funds in the standard multiplier process. We ar- gue that both the standard multiplier and the velocity multiplier are incomplete; however, they can benefit from each other. Their useful properties are integrated to a new version of the multiplier drawing on the income propagation period and a distinction between saving in terms of debt settlement and saving in terms of accumulating receiv- ables. While the comparative-static stability condition can be dropped, our integrated multiplier reveals a dynamic stability condition for the multiplier process.
Intercommunity Sport Events: Vehicles and Catalysts for Social Capital in Divided Societies

Sport events are believed to promote dialogue, integration, and peaceful understanding among disparate groups, even when other forms of negotiation have not been successful. However, the social outcomes from sport events are largely anecdotal and there is a need to empirically examine the active engagement of groups with “others” in participatory sport event projects. This article investigates the potential of an intercommunity sport event in contributing to intergroup development and social capital building in the ethnically divided Sri Lanka. It follows an interpretive mode of inquiry where findings are derived from the analysis of 35 in-depth interviews with Sinhalese, Tamil, Muslim, and international event stakeholders. By providing evidence of the varying sociocultural experiences at the event, this article discusses the event's impact on intergroup relations and its influence on the stock of social capital available to communities. Findings can assist governments, policy makers, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in advancing policies and practical measures that build on events as vehicles and catalysts for enhanced intergroup relations and the creation of social capital.
Live and Let Live: Sustainable Heterogeneity Will Generally Prevail

As is well known, the most patient household (i.e., the household possessing the lowest rate of time preference) will eventually own all capital in an economy if it behaves unilaterally without considering the optimality of the other households. This paper shows that choosing to engage in unilateral behavior is not always better for the most patient household than choosing multilateral behavior because unilateral behavior results in fewer educational opportunities for most people and constrains innovation in technologically advanced societies. Therefore, the rate of growth on the path when unilateral behavior is taken will be generally lower than that on the path when multilateral behavior is taken.
Long-Term Effects on Renal Function in Children and Adolescents Due to Environmental Exposure to Lead-Results from an 11-Year Prospective Cohort Study

Context: Most studies associating low-level lead exposure and kidney function have been carried out in adults and only a few studies have examined this relation in healthy children, adolescents, or young adults. Objective: To evaluate the long-term effects on renal functions due to environmental lead exposure in a cohort of children and adolescents that are permanent inhabitants of the three most polluted residential developments by lead in Torreon, Coahuila, Mexico. Materials and Methods: The biochemical markers of renal function, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), as well as, blood lead levels, were measured in a cohort of 480 children and adolescents. According with the blood lead levels (BLLs), subjects were grouped in three exposure categories (Category I: < 25 μg/dL; Category II: > 25 < 45 μg/dL and Category III: > 45 μg/dL). Results: The mean baseline, highest and last BLLs in the assessed population, was 15.5, 17.2 and 3.3 μg/dL, respectively. The average quantity of serum urea, creatinine, uric acid levels, and eGFR were similar between the exposure categories; however the frequency of abnormal l uric acid level was significantly higher in the two most exposed categories (p < 0.01). In the multivariate statistical model, the frequency of abnormal serum creatinine concentration was positively linked with uric acid, while the frequency of abnormal uric acid was negatively associated with years of work, and, finally, there was a negative correlation between the eGFR and creatinine levels. No significant association was found between BLLs with the biochemical markers of the kidney functions or with the eGFR. Conclusion: Our data indicated that there was not a relevant relation between the BLLs with the biochemical markers of renal functions or with the eGFR in this cohort of healthy infants and juveniles environmentally exposed to lead.
ENCAPSULATION OF ANTIOXIDANT PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN ZEIN ULTRA-THIN FIBERS VIA ELECTROSPINNING

Phenolic compounds are of great interest for the food industry, in particular due to their antioxidant capacity. Nevertheless, their relevance as bioactive substances is often hindered by poor stability and solubility. Phenolic compounds can be encapsulated for that better maintaining their bioactivity. In this work, we explore an alternative for the encapsulation of phenolics using zein (Z), a food-grade biopolymer, as the carrier material. In particular, gallic acid (GA) and naringenin (NAR) were homogeneously incorporated in ultrathin zein fibers by means of a simple one-step electrospinning process. Morphology, cargo stability and cargo-carrier molecular interaction were studied. The phenolics release behavior was analyzed in aqueous media at different pH conditions. Pure Z fibers present a ribbon-like structure of variable dimensions, characteristically ranging between 230 – 396 nm in width up to 0.8 μm. Incorporation of the antioxidants did not visibly affect this morphology. Loading values were 4.93 ± 0.15% (GA) and 5.12 ± 0.60% (NAR). Phenolic loadings remained stable for the period observed (~3 months) at room storage conditions. Release studies revealed a burst release trend with a cumulative release threshold minimum for pH 2 and maximum for pH 7. Results show that this is a promising approach for phenolic compounds encapsulation.
The Temperature Effect on Solar Photovoltaic Module Efficiency

The solar photovoltaic (PV) system generates both electrical and thermal energy from solar radiation. In this paper, an attempt has been made for evaluating the effect of temperature on the energy and power conversion efficiency of a solar PV module installed at Karabuk province in Turkey. Using the first law of thermodynamics, energy analysis was performed and the variation of maximum power point was observed during the PV conversion process. The operating and electrical parameters of a PV array include PV module temperature, overall heat loss coefficient, open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, fill factor, etc. were experimentally determined for a week of November, 2015. The experimental data are used for the calculation of the energy and power conversion efficiencies of the PV systems. Energy efficiency is seen to vary between 13% and 21% during the week. In contrast, power conversion efficiency is lower for electricity generation using the considered PV module, ranging from 8% to 16%. It is observed that the PV module temperature has a great effect on both the energy and power conversion efficiency. Besides, these efficiencies can be improved if the heat can be removed from the PV module surface. It was concluded that the energy losses increased with increasing module temperature.