Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Implementation of Asset Management Concept in Education Institution

Asset management concept has been implemented in many institutions including educational institution. The implementation of that concept in Indonesia is done by integrating it with education facility management. Educational institution is a non-profit organization that implies to the differences of asset management in an educational institution. This study explains the implementation of asset management in schools as well as problems and threats of asset management implementation. The research was conducted by case analysis in three schools in Batu City. The results explain that asset management in school was done by the headmaster, and helped by the vice of headmaster, the affair of school facilities and the school staffs. The apparent problems are the late help from government and the lack of participation of the society. The process of school asset management occurred in provision, inventory, placement, maintenance, and report. The process causes the assets school value not optimal.
Biofilm-Induced Type 2 Innate Immunity in a Cystic Fibrosis Model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Biofilm-producing strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. In these patients, increased levels of IL-17 as well as of IL-5 and IL-13 along with arginase (Arg)-positive macrophages have been observed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. While IL-17 is a strong proinflammatory cytokine associated with host defense against bacterial and fungal infections and is also elevated in several autoimmune diseases, IL-5/IL-13 and Arg1-positive M2 macrophages are part of the anti-inflammatory type 2 (Th2) immunity. To study whether increased IL-5 and IL-13 levels are related to biofilm formation, which is frequently observed in CF patients colonized by P. aeruginosa, we utilized an agarose bead-embedded P. aeruginosa rat model commonly employed in in vivo biofilm studies. We showed that “sterile” agarose bead instillation in rat notably increased lung transcript levels of IL-5 and IL-13 at two post-instillation study-points, day 1 and day 3. Concurrently, increased infiltration of type 2 innate cells such as eosinophils and Arg1 positive M2 activated macrophages (Arg1+CD68+) was also observed both at day 1 and day 3 while the proportion of M1 activated macrophages (iNOS+CD68+) at these time-points decreased. In contrast, P. aeruginosa-loaded beads caused a drastic elevation of proinflammatory Th1 (IFNγ, TNFα, IL-12a) and antibacterial Th17 (IL-17a, IL-17f, IL-22, IL-23a) cytokines along with a high influx of neutrophils and M1 macrophages, while Th2 cytokines (IL-5 and IL-13) drastically declined at day 1 post-infection. Interestingly, at day 3 post-infection, both Th1 and Th17 cytokines sharply declined and corroborated with decreased M1 and increased M2 macrophages. These data suggest that while IL-17 is linked to episodes of acute exacerbations of infection in CF patients, the increased Th2 cytokines and M2 macrophages observed in these patients are largely due to the biofilm matrix. The data presented here has important implications for clinical management of CF patients.
Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety and Self-Confidence in Athletic Performance of Beach Volleyball

This study considered the influence of competitive anxiety and self-confidence state responses upon athletic performance. 66 male beach volleyball players completed the translated and modified Competitive State Anxiety Inventory–2 which included the original intensity scale and a direction scale of Jones and Swain. Players' performance was scored from the video records using a standard rating scales. Correlations indicated scores on Direction subscale of modified Competitive State Anxiety Inventory–2 and Self-confidence were moderately positively (r = .27 to .51) correlated with different skill components and sum of skill components of beach volleyball. Stepwise multiple regressions indicated that, as anticipated, directional perceptions of cognitive and somatic anxiety and self-confidence were significant predictors of beach volleyball performance but accounted for only 42% of variance. Original Intensity subscales of somatic and cognitive anxiety did not predict performance. Findings support the notion that direction of anxiety responses must be taken into consideration when examining anxiety-performance association in sport.
Future of the pharmacogenomics of calcineurin inhibitors in renal transplant patients.

Since the introduction of calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs), cyclosporine A (CsA) in the early 1980s, and tacrolimus (Tac) in the 1990s, the short-term and long-term survival of kidney grafts have been significantly improved [1]. Nowadays, either CsA or Tac is one of the most commonly used immunosuppressant in renal transplant patients. However, both of them have a narrow therapeutic window and large interindividual variability, resulting in therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), necessary for adjusting the dose in order to reduce the toxicity and improve the efficacy. Although TDM is widely recommended in clinical practice and has been conducted for approximately 30 years, this strategy for CNI therapy is controversial according to recent reports [2]. First, the determination of area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) is hard to perform in clinical practice and the evidence for the use of limited sampling strategies is weak [3]. Second, given the drug interactions, diet and poly morphisms potentially attribute to the variability in the pharmacokinetics of CNIs, the start and optimal titration dose for individual patients is difficult to determine based solely on the empirical dose adjustment based on TDM [2]. Third, TDM only provides pharmacokinetic information, and the correlation between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics remains controversial [2]. Thus, more methods should be established to assist TDM and efforts should now be focused on explaining the interindividual variations in the pharmacokinetics and p harmacodynamics of CNIs.
Double Mental Discounting: When a Single Price Promotion Feels Twice as Nice

This research finds that when a single gain has strong associations with multiple costs, consumers often mentally deduct that gain from perceived costs multiple times. For example, with some price promotions (e.g., spend $200 now and receive a $50 gift card to spend in the future), consumers mentally deduct the value of the price promotion from the cost of the first purchase when they receive the promotion, as well as from the cost of the second purchase when they use the promotion. Multiple mental deductions based on a single gain result in consumers' perceptions that their costs are lower than they actually are, which can trigger higher expenditures. This mental accounting phenomenon, referred to as “double mental discounting,” is driven by the extent to which gains feel associated, or coupled, with multiple purchases. This article also documents methods to decouple promotional gains from purchases, thus mitigating double mental discounting.
WHY YOU WANT YOUR EMPLOYEES TO SMILE: A STUDY EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF HAPPINESS IN BUSINESS

This study of happiness in the workplace first defines happiness, and then moves into explaining why happiness is a concept that is worth a company’s time and focus. This paper develops a model that shows how companies can inspire happiness in their employees, and the productive outcomes that will result from that focus on happiness. JetBlue Airways, Warby Parker, and Southwest Airlines are three companies that have been successful in inspiring happiness in their employees, and they have experienced the productive outcomes resulting from those happy employees. The essence of this paper is showing how happiness isn’t an unattainable concept for businesses, but rather, when emphasized, it can lead to more productive outcomes and employees.
Tractional Maculopathies in Age-related Macular Degeneration

loss of visual function that occurs with aging, and is the leading cause of visual loss in the Western Hemisphere in the elderly. Although common, the pathways mediating its onset and progression are complex and multifactorial. While many studies have looked at the pathogenesis and physiological changes that occur at the outer retina during AMD, research on inner retinal changes is less common. More specifically, when AMD is compounded by degenerative tractional changes at the vitreomacular interface and inner retina, the problem becomes greater than the sum of its parts. In this article, we address the different etiologies of vitreomacular interface pathologies found in association with both dry and exudative AMD, their pathogenesis, and how their pharmacological and surgical treatment responses differ from the presentation and treatment of either condition alone.
Reenvisioning Assessment for the Academy and the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education's Standards Revision Process

Assessment has become a major aspect of accreditation processes across all of higher education. As the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) plans a major revision to the standards for doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) education, an in-depth, scholarly review of the approaches and strategies for assessment in the PharmD program accreditation process is warranted. This paper provides 3 goals and 7 recommendations to strengthen assessment in accreditation standards. The goals include: (1) simplified standards with a focus on accountability and improvement, (2) institutionalization of assessment efforts; and (3) innovation in assessment. Evolving and shaping assessment practices is not the sole responsibility of the accreditation standards. Assessment requires commitment and dedication from individual faculty members, colleges and schools, and organizations supporting the college and schools, such as the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy. Therefore, this paper also challenges the academy and its members to optimize assessment practices.
Splenectomy Reduces Remote Organ Damage after Intestinal Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury

Abstract Purpose: In this study, we aimed to reduce mononuclear phagocytic system (MFS) cells with splenectomy and investigate its preventive effects on lung, liver, and kidney ultrastructure and free radical generation after intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion (IIR). Method: Forty adult male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups as sham laparatomy (SL), splenectomy + sham laparatomy (SSL), intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion (IIR), and splenectomy + intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion (SIIR). One hour of mesenteric ischaemia and four hours of reperfusion were applied. Splenectomy was performed just before reperfusing the intestine. Serum levels of malonedialdehyde (MDA) was measured, and tissue samples obtained from the lung, liver, and kidneys were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde for electron microscopy. Results: Lung, liver, and kidney ultrastructures were normal in both groups of SL and SSL. In the IIR group, type 2 pneumocytes showed lamellar body degeneration, dilation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and thickening of the basal lamina. Hepatocytes showed dilation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial degeneration, and cytoplasmic lipid droplets. The glomerular basement membrane was thickened and the endothelial cells showed discontinuity. The foot processes of the podocytes and microvilli of the proximal tubule cells had also disappeared in the kidney. Splenectomy attenuated these ultrastructural changes in the SIIR group. In the IIR group, serum MDA level was significantly increased to 171.7 ± 6.7 nmol/ml (p < 0.05). Splenectomy significantly reduced serum MDA level to 87.8 ± 2.5 nmol/ml in the SIIR group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Splenectomy attenuated degenerative findings encountered in lung, liver, and kidney ultrastructure after IIR. Splenectomy also significantly decreased serum levels of MDA. The possible role of splenectomy is to reduce the MFS cells, which play an important role in the remote organ injury after intestinal reperfusion damage.
A synchronization protocol for group communication systems

With the evolution of network technologies, integrated services networks make possible real-time multimedia applications. However, the delay jitter and the absence of a physical global clock may disrupt the temporal relationships among media units composing theses multimedia applications. The /spl Delta/-causal ordering is designed to ensure real-time delivery of messages by respecting the causal order. This /spl Delta/ value represents the limited lifetime during which a message m can be used by a destination process. In this paper, we develop a new real-time causal ordering concept, in the context of multicast communication, where all participants can start to playback the same message. We validate this model by using CPN (coloured Petri nets) tools to obtain a state space graph. The objective is to study the behavior of this model, by verifying different properties such as, boundedness, and liveness. The simulation result shows that this model respects the real-time causal ordering, in the context of multicast communications.
EVOLUTIONARY RESPONSES OF DISPERSAL DISTANCE TO LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE AND HABITAT LOSS

It is generally well understood that some ecological factors select for increased and others for decreased dispersal. However, it has remained difficult to assess how the evolutionary dynamics are influenced by the spatio‐temporal structure of the environment. We address this question with an individual‐based model that enables habitat structure to be controlled through variables such as patch size, patch turnover rate, and patch quality. Increasing patch size at the expense of patch density can select for more or less dispersal, depending on the initial configuration. In landscapes consisting of high‐quality and long‐lived habitat patches, patch degradation selects for increased dispersal, yet patch loss may select for reduced dispersal. These trends do not depend on the component of life‐history that is affected by habitat quality or the component of life‐history through which density‐dependence operates. Our results are based on a mathematical method that enables derivation of both the evolutionary stable strategy and the stationary genotype distribution that evolves in a polymorphic population. The two approaches generally lead to similar predictions. However, the evolutionary stable strategy assumes that the ecological and evolutionary time scales can be separated, and we find that violation of this assumption can critically alter the evolutionary outcome.
The Impact Of Internet On Undergraduates’ Study Time

The internet has brought the world to a global village in which one can access almost any kind of information in a blink of an eye. Since the explosion of the Internet in Nigeria and the coming of internet provider coupled with the use of smart phones; schools and colleges have noticed a drop in the amount of study time spent by students. These in some cases have led to poor performance and even a huge dropped out of students in the universities. Kubey et al (2001), showed that 50% of university students were dismissed for academic failure due to excessive use of the internet. In another survey, 283 undergraduates were considered pathological users as a result of their inordinate use of internet. In this view, this study establishes whether internet use affects study time, by investigating the Internet use pattern of undergraduate students and to determine the impact on their study time. The thrust of the paper is that how much impact has the Internet on the study time of the students and their academic use of internet versus social uses of the internet.
Oligotrophy and pelagic marine bacteria: Facts and fiction

Oligotrophy, or the inability of bacterial cells to propagate at elevated nutrient concentrations, is a controversial phenomenon in microbiology. The exact cause of the unculturability of many indigenous marine bacteria on standard laboratory media has still not been resolved. Unfortunately the physiology of such cells is difficult to investigate as long as high cell density cultures cannot be obtained. An extensive evaluation of experiments relating to oligotrophy and the cultivation of marine bacteria is presented in this review. When incorporating the findings of studies performed with molecular biological methods, the picture emerges that indigenous marine bacteria can be cultivated under certain conditions and that the 'oligotrophic way of life' is a transient characteristic. Although strong generalisations should not be made with respect to a biological system as diverse as the world's oceans, it should be anticipated that cells with unique physiological characteristics appear to exist in the oceanic system. When combining conventional physiological approaches with molecular biological techniques it is feasible to unveil the phenotypes that go with the encountered genotypes. In view of the enormous complexity of the oceanic system this will prove an ambitious, yet resourceful undertaking.
Segmenting the organic food market in Lebanon: an application of k-means cluster analysis

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discover profiles of organic food consumers in Lebanon by performing a market segmentation based on lifestyle and attitude variables and thus be able to propose appropriate marketing strategies for each market segment. Design/methodology/approach A survey, based on the use of closed-ended questionnaire, was addressed to 320 organic food consumers in the capital Beirut, in February and March 2014. Descriptive analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis (k-means method) were performed upon collected data. Findings Four clusters were obtained and labelled based on psychographic characteristics and willingness to pay for the most purchased organic products. “Localist” and “Health conscious” clusters were the largest proportion of the selected sample, thus these were the most critical to be addressed by specific marketing strategies, emphasising the combination of local and organic food and the healthy properties of organic products. “Rational” and “Irregular” cluster were relatively small groups, addressed by pricing and promotional strategies. Originality/value This is the first study attempting to segment organic food consumers into different categories in a developing country as Lebanon.
Breaching News: Does Media Coverage Increase the Effects of Data Breach Event Disclosures on Firm Market Value?

Characterized as negative events, data breaches can disrupt an organization’s operations and lead to financial losses. Media coverage is often seen as exacerbating negative events such as data breach disclosures, and have also been found to influence financial markets. This research in progress presents a theoretical framework and methodology to empirically test the moderating and mediating influences of media coverage on the impact of data breach events on firms. We articulate the research gap, present hypotheses, and discuss the implications of this research for theory and practice.
Altered Surfactant Protein B Levels in Transgenic Mice Do Not Affect Clearance of Bacteria from the Lungs

To determine the role of surfactant protein B (SP-B) in bacterial clearance from the airways, three groups of mice expressing different levels of SP-B were studied: wild-type mice, hemizygous SP-B mice, and SP-B overexpressing transgenic mice. SP-B levels in overexpressing mice were increased 5-fold relative to hemizygous mice and 2- to 3-fold over wild-type littermates. Mice from each group were infected intratracheally with the common airway pathogens, group B streptococci or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. There was no significant difference in the number of recoverable viable bacteria at 6 h (group B streptococci and P. aeruginosa) and at 24 h (P. aeruginosa) among the three groups. Similarly, systemic dissemination of bacteria was not different among the three groups for both pathogens and at both time points. We conclude that SP-B levels in vivo do not influence clearance of bacteria from the lungs.
Temporal Associations Between Thoracic Volume Overload and Malignant Ventricular Arrhythmias: A Study of Intrathoracic Impedance

Volume Overload and Ventricular Arrhythmias. Background: Acute exacerbations of heart failure (HF) are believed to trigger malignant ventricular arrhythmias, but the temporal association between fluid accumulation and ventricular arrhythmias has not been evaluated in an objective manner. We hypothesized that increased intrathoracic fluid accumulation in patients with HF, as measured by an index of intrathoracic impedance, is associated with an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias.
Alcohol and Non-Fatal Drug Overdoses

The purpose of this study was to explore to what extent alcohol is a factor in non-fatal overdoses on the basis of records of ambulance emergencies, and to what extent this varies across gender and age. Furthermore, we wanted to investigate whether alcohol intake, in relation to an overdose, is associated with the risk of recurrent overdoses, and if so, whether such an association varies across gender and age. To investigate the role of alcohol intake in non-fatal overdoses, analyses were conducted both at the event level and at the individual level. Bivariate associations were explored in table analyses and by comparisons of means. To determine whether alcohol intake was associated with experiencing recurrent overdoses, survival analyses were conducted applying Kaplan-Meier estimation and Cox regression models. Furthermore, a linear regression model was estimated to assess the impact of gender age and number of overdoses on the proportion of overdoses in which alcohol was involved. Between groups of clients who had overdosed once, several times or many times, we found that there was a U-shaped relationship. The proportion of overdoses with alcohol involved was highest among those who had overdosed once and those who had overdosed more than ten times. The probability for a recurrent overdose was higher among those who were reported with no alcohol intake in the first overdose. Being female and having alcohol involved in the first overdose registered during our observation period reduced the risk for a recurrent overdose. However, age seemed to be a gradient with respect to alcohol’s association with recurrent overdoses. While alcohol was associated with a significantly lower risk for recurrence in the two youngest age groups, this is not the case in the oldest age group. A possible explanation might be that it is a change in the pattern of drug use as an effect of aging where infrequent heroin use in combination with frequent alcohol intake increases with increasing age. For this type of drug users the individual’s risk of recurrent overdoses may be lower due to fewer events of heroin intake.
Genetic diversity of five Chinese goat breeds assessed by microsatellite markers

The genetic diversity was studied using microsatellite DNA markers in Laoshan dairy goat (LS), Xinong Saanen dairy goat (SN), Guanzhong dairy goat (GZ), Banjiao goat (BJ) and Guizhou white goat (GW). Within the nine polymorphic loci, allele frequencies, number of effective alleles (Ne), heterozygosity (He), polymorphism information content (PIC), genetic identity (I) and Nei's standard genetic distance (D) were calculated, and UPGMA phylogenetic tree was constructed based on allele frequencies. The average number of alleles was 9.4, ranging from four to eleven at the nine assessed loci. The average values of Ne, He, PIC of all loci were 4.716, 0.765, 0.732, respectively. The GZ population showed the highest variability (PIC = 0.78, He = 0.80). There was a relatively high level of genetic diversity in these goat breeds. A UPGMA diagram, based on Nei's standard genetic distances, yielded relationships between populations that agreed with what is known about their origin, history and geographical distribution.