Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Internet and intranet security, 2nd edition [Book Review]

/ this book by providing the (C-like) pseudocode of what essentially happ’ens behind the scenes when certain c mmands are invoked (we are warned not to expect that the pseudocode is a qneto-one reflection of the actual Ci co source code, but rather a summariz l+ d idea of the control flow). That beidg said, understanding the internals boil down to understanding the pseudocode, possibly alienating some readers n t keen on reading code. Nevertheless, one can approach the pseudocode on an hs needed basis, when the behavior of c mmands is not exactly as intuitive as Xne might expect. The reader is assumed to be familiar with networking, but a short review of IP addressing and its relation to routing is nevertheless provided in the introduction. A chapter describes the routing information organization and management inside Cisco routers, followed by a chapter that describes the IP forwarding process options present in Cisco routers: fast, optimum, distributed, NetFlow, and Cisco Express forwarding. After the internal mechanisms and forwarding options come the chapters on actual routing protocols: static routing, dynamic routing, distance vector protocols (RIP and IGRP), and link state protocols (OSPF and IS-IS). A separate chapter describes Enhanced IGRP, Cisco’s proprietary protocol. The style is geared toward answering specific questions as to why things work in a particular way, instead of just how. Consistent with the book’s scope, each chapter includes several examples and is followed by a Q-and-A section of the most frequently asked questions. t
Outage analysis of AF OFDM relaying systems with power amplifier nonlinearity

The high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is one of the main problems of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), which may cause the introduction of intercarrier interference (ICI) due to the presence of nonlinear power amplifiers (PAs). On the other hand, cooperative diversity is a very promising technology for the future wireless network. In this paper, a performance analysis of an amplify-and-forward (AF) cooperative OFDM systems accounting for nonlinear distortions introduced by a nonlinear power amplifier (PA) is developed. In particular, a close-form expression for a tight lower-bound of the outage probability is presented and validated through computer simulations. Our analysis is based on the sum of the mutual information of all the subcarriers, contrarily to previous works that have analyzed the performance of the nonlinear cooperative OFDM systems based on a single subcarrier. Our analysis shows in what situations the PA nonlinearity affects significantly the outage probability.
When should a hepatitis C‐positive ESRD patient receive a renal transplant?

tice guideline for the prevention, diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of hepatitis C in CKD.Am JKidneyDis 52(5):811–825, 2008 7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Hepatitis C virus transmission at an outpatient hemodialysis unit – NewYork, 2001–2008. MMWRMorb MortalWklyRep. 58(8): 189–194, 2009 8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Infection control requirements for dialysis facilities and clarification regarding guidance on parenteralmedication vials.MMWRMorbMortalWklyRep 57(32): 875–876, 2008 9. Kidney Disease: Improving Global, O: KDIGO clinical practice guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of hepatitis C in chronic kidney disease. Kidney International – Supplement 73(109): S1–S99, 2008 10. Petrosillo N, et al.: Prevalence of infected patients and understaffing have a role in hepatitis C virus transmission in dialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 37(5):1004–1010, 2001 11. Covic A, et al.: Endorsement of the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) hepatitis C guidelines: a European Renal Best Practice (ERBP) position statement. Nephrol Dial Transplant 24(3):719–727, 2009 12. George A, et al.: Reducing dialysis associated bacteraemia, and recommendations for surveillance in the United Kingdom: prospective study. BMJ 332(7555):1435, 2006 13. Centers forMedicare andMedicaid Services, HHS:Medicare andMedicaid programs; conditions for coverage for end-stage renal disease facilities. Final rule. FedRegist 73(73):20369–20484, 2008 14. Trick WE, et al.: Computer algorithms to detect bloodstream infections. Emerg Infect Dis 10(9):1612–1620, 2004
Methods and tools for temporal knowledge harvesting

To extend the traditional knowledge base with temporal dimension, this thesis offers methods and tools for harvesting temporal facts from both semi-structured and textual sources. Our contributions are briefly summarized as follows. 1. Timely YAGO: A temporal knowledge base called Timely YAGO (T-YAGO) which extends YAGO with temporal attributes is built. We define a simple RDF-style data model to support temporal knowledge. 2. PRAVDA: To be able to harvest as many temporal facts from free-text as possible, we develop a system PRAVDA. It utilizes a graph-based semi-supervised learning algorithm to extract fact observations, which are further cleaned up by an Integer Linear Program based constraint solver. We also attempt to harvest spatio-temporal facts to track a person’s trajectory. 3. PRAVDA-live: A user-centric interactive knowledge harvesting system, called PRAVDA-live, is developed for extracting facts from natural language free-text. It is built on the framework of PRAVDA. It supports fact extraction of user-defined relations from ad-hoc selected text documents and ready-to-use RDF exports. 4. T-URDF: We present a simple and efficient representation model for timedependent uncertainty in combination with first-order inference rules and recursive queries over RDF-like knowledge bases. We adopt the common possible-worlds semantics known from probabilistic databases and extend it towards histogram-like confidence distributions that capture the validity of facts across time. All of these components are fully implemented systems, which together form an integrative architecture. PRAVDA and PRAVDA-live aim at gathering new
VRA-AODV: Routing Protocol Detects Blackhole and Grayhole Attacks in Mobile Ad hoc Network

Mobile Ad hoc Network is a collection of wireless mobile nodes that dynamically creates network without a fixed infrastructure. However, all the characters make the security problems, such as Blackhole, Grayhole attacks. In this article, we propose Valid Route Authentication mechanism (VRA) for security, and integrating VRA into the discovery route process of AODV protocol. Improved protocol named VRA-AODV which can detect Black and Grayhole attacks. Using NS2, we compare the performance of AODV and improved protocols in the mobility nodes topology under attacks. Simulation results show that improved protocol has better performance AODV based on packet delivery ratio, network throughput and routing load metrics.
Preoperative therapeutic neuroscience education for lumbar radiculopathy: a single-case fMRI report

Abstract Therapeutic neuroscience education (TNE) has been shown to be effective in the treatment of mainly chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions. This case study aims to describe the changes in brain activation on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning, before and after the application of a newly-designed preoperative TNE program. A 30-year-old female with a current acute episode of low back pain (LBP) and radiculopathy participated in a single preoperative TNE session. She completed pre- and post-education measures including visual analog scale (VAS) for LBP and leg pain; Oswestry Disability Index (ODI); Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ); Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and a series of Likert-scale questions regarding beliefs and attitudes to lumbar surgery (LS). After a 30-minute TNE session, ODI decreased by 10%, PCS decreased by 10 points and her beliefs and attitudes shifted positively regarding LS. Immediately following TNE straight leg raise increased by 7° and forward flexion by 8 cm. fMRI testing following TNE revealed 3 marked differences compared to pre-education scanning: (1) deactivation of the periaqueductal gray area; (2) deactivation of the cerebellum; and (3) increased activation of the motor cortex. The immediate positive fMRI, psychometric and physical movement changes may indicate a cortical mechanism of TNE for patients scheduled for LS.
Electronic packaging gears up for 5G mobile race

It is expected that by 2020, 5th generation mobile networks (5G mobile) services will perform 40x communication speed of the latest Long-Term Evolution — Advanced (LTE-A) services. With these trends, the memory bandwidth of high end smartphones will surpass 100GB/sec with 4x of the current one and Ethernet will enter the age of 400 Gigabit Ethernet (400GbE) with 4x of current 100GbE by 2020 respectively. Needless to say, data center servers must acquire data processing capacities capable of handling this huge volume of data. This paper focuses on the performance requirements in application fields that support the 5G era and the packaging technology roadmap that supports these applications.
Insight Into TLR4-Mediated Immunomodulation in Normal Pregnancy and Related Disorders

Unlike organ transplants where an immunosuppressive environment is required, a successful pregnancy involves an extremely robust, dynamic, and responsive maternal immune system to maintain the development of the fetus. A specific set of hormones and cytokines are associated with a particular stage of pregnancy. Any disturbance that alters this fine balance could compromise the development and function of the placenta. Although there are numerous underlying causes of pregnancy-related complications, untimely activation of Toll-like receptors (TLR), primarily TLR4, by intrauterine microbes poses the greatest risk. TLR4 is an important Pattern Recognition Receptor (PRR), which activates both innate and adaptive immune cells. TLR4 activation by LPS or DAMPs leads to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines via the MyD88 dependent or independent pathway. Immune cells modulate the materno–fetal interface by TLR4-mediated cytokine production, which changes at different stages of pregnancy. In most pregnancy disorders, such as PTB, PE, or placental malaria, the TLR4 expression is upregulated in immune cells or in maternal derived cells, leading to the aberrant production of pro-inflammatory cytokines at the materno–fetal interface. Lack of functional TLR4 in mice has reduced the pro-inflammatory responses, leading to an improved pregnancy, which further strengthens the fact that abnormal TLR4 activation creates a hostile environment for the developing fetus. A recent study proposed that endothelial and perivascular stromal cells should interact with each other in order to maintain a homeostatic balance during TLR4-mediated inflammation. It has been reported that depleting immune cells or supplying anti-inflammatory cytokines can prevent PTB, PE, or fetal death. Blocking TLR4 signaling or its downstream molecule by inhibitors or antagonists has proven to improve pregnancy-related complications to some extent in clinical and animal models. To date, there has been a lack of knowledge regarding whether TLR4 accessories such as CD14 and MD-2 are important in pregnancy and whether these accessory molecules could be promising drug targets for combinatorial treatment of various pregnancy disorders. This review mainly focuses on the activation of TLR4 during pregnancy, its immunomodulatory functions, and the upcoming advancement in this field regarding the improvement of pregnancy-related issues by various therapeutic approaches.
Enhanced Pro-apoptotic Effects of Fe(II)-Modified IVIG on Human Neutrophils

Mild modification of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been reported to result in enhanced polyspecificity and leveraged therapeutic effects in animal models of inflammation. Here, we observed that IVIG modification by ferrous ions, heme or low pH exposure, shifted the repertoires of specificities in different directions. Ferrous ions exposed Fe(II)-IVIG, but not heme or low pH exposed IVIG, showed increased pro-apoptotic effects on neutrophil granulocytes that relied on a FAS-dependent mechanism. These effects were also observed in human neutrophils primed by inflammatory mediators or rheumatoid arthritis joint fluid in vitro, or patient neutrophils ex vivo from acute Crohn's disease. These observations indicate that IVIG-mediated effects on cells can be enhanced by IVIG modification, yet specific modification conditions may be required to target specific molecular pathways and eventually to enhance the therapeutic potential.
The CD4+ T Cell Response to Human Cytomegalovirus in Healthy and Immunocompromised People

While CD8+ T cells specific for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) have been extensively studied in both healthy HCMV seropositive carriers and patients undergoing immunosuppression, studies on the CD4+ T cell response to HCMV had lagged behind. However, over the last few years there has been a significant advance in our understanding of the importance and contribution that CMV-specific CD4+ T cells make, not only to anti-viral immunity but also in the potential maintenance of latently infected cells. During primary infection with HCMV in adults, CD4+ T cells are important for the resolution of symptomatic disease, while persistent shedding of HCMV into urine and saliva is associated with a lack of HCMV specific CD4+ T cell response in young children. In immunosuppressed solid organ transplant recipients, a delayed appearance of HCMV-specific CD4+ T cells is associated with prolonged viremia and more severe clinical disease, while in haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, it has been suggested that HCMV-specific CD4+ T cells are required for HCMV-specific CD8+ T cells to exert their anti-viral effects. In addition, adoptive T-cell immunotherapy in transplant patients has shown that the presence of HCMV-specific CD4+ T cells is required for the maintenance of HCMV-specific CD8+ T cells. HCMV is a paradigm for immune evasion. The presence of viral genes that down-regulate MHC class II molecules and the expression of viral IL-10 both limit antigen presentation to CD4+ T cells, underlining the important role that this T cell subset has in antiviral immunity. This review will discuss the antigen specificity, effector function, phenotype and direct anti-viral properties of HCMV specific CD4+ T cells, as well as reviewing our understanding of the importance of this T cell subset in primary infection and long-term carriage in healthy individuals. In addition, their role and importance in congenital HCMV infection and during immunosuppression in both solid organ and haemopoietic stem cell transplantation is considered.
A Sub-$\mu$ W Embedded CMOS Temperature Sensor for RFID Food Monitoring Application

An ultra-low power embedded CMOS temperature sensor based on serially connected subthreshold MOS operation is implemented in a 0.18 μm CMOS process for passive RFID food monitoring applications. Employing serially connected subthreshold MOS as sensing element enables reduced minimum supply voltage for further power reduction, which is of utmost importance in passive RFID applications. Both proportional-to-absolute-temperature (PTAT) and complimentary-to-absolute-temperature (CTAT) signals can be obtained through proper transistor sizing. With the sensor core working under 0.5 V and digital interfacing under 1 V, the sensor dissipates a measured total power of 119 nW at 333 samples/s and achieves an inaccuracy of + 1/-0.8°C from - 10°C to 30°C after calibration. The sensor is embedded inside the fabricated passive UHF RFID tag. Measurement of the sensor performance at the system level is also carried out, illustrating proper sensing operation for passive RFID applications.
Semantic spatio-temporal segmentation for extracting video objects

To improve flexibility and interactivity, the latest video coding and indexing methodologies address content-based processing of video sequences and therefore necessitate the segmentation process to extract video objects. We propose a segmentation method, called semantic spatio-temporal segmentation, which exploits motion and spatial information together with user's semantic input. Combining this information for extracting video objects is viewed as a fusion process, and a fuzzy-set approach is proposed in this paper. Simulation results have demonstrated that semantic video objects could be effectively identified by exploiting our method.
Performance analysis of amplify-and-forward MIMO-OFDM links with linear ZF equalization

This paper deals with performance analysis of a dual-hop multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) network, which employs multiple amplify-and-forward (AF) nonorthogonal relays and linear zero-forcing (ZF) equalization at the destination. The nonorthogonal AF relaying process introduces correlation between the noise samples at the destination which, along with the non-Gaussian nature of the dual-hop channel and the fact that the relays are located in different positions, significantly complicates the performance analysis of the system. We derive a simple and tight upper bound on the symbol error probability at the destination, which is validated through Monte Carlo simulations.
SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF CULEX RESTUANS AND CULEX PIPIENS IN SOUTHWESTERN VIRGINIA THROUGH OVITRAPPING

ABSTRACT Ovitrap collections were done to determine the seasonal distribution and ovipositional activity of Culex restuans and Culex pipiens in southwestern Virginia during summers 2002 and 2003. In both years, Cx. restuans was the first species collected and was the dominant species throughout the collecting period. More than 90% of the collections were comprised of Cx. restuans. Two oviposition peaks occurred in both years for Cx. restuans, the first in June and second in the middle of July. Culex pipiens made up less than 7% of the total catch and started to occur in the traps in the middle of the trapping season with a peak occurring in August. Although ovipositional activity began to decline for Cx. restuans, at the end of the trapping period, there was a slight increase in ovipositional activity for Cx. pipiens, but not enough to result in a crossover. A third species, Culex salinarius, was collected in the traps, but the total number of egg rafts accounted for less than 1% of the total collections.
Boosting the Immune System for HIV Cure: A γδ T Cell Perspective

The major barrier to HIV cure is a population of long-lived cells that harbor latent but replication-competent virus, are not eliminated by antiretroviral therapy (ART), and remain indistinguishable from uninfected cells. However, ART does not cure HIV infection, side effects to treatment still occur, and the steady global rate of new infections makes finding a sustained ART-free HIV remission or cure for HIV-seropositive individuals urgently needed. Approaches aimed to cure HIV are mostly based on the “shock and kill” method that entails the use of a drug compound to reactivate latent virus paired together with strategies to boost or supplement the existing immune system to clear reactivated latently infected cells. Traditionally, these strategies have utilized CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL) but have been met with a number of challenges. Enhancing innate immune cell populations, such as γδ T cells, may provide an alternative route to HIV cure. γδ T cells possess anti-viral and cytotoxic capabilities that have been shown to directly inhibit HIV infection and specifically eliminate reactivated, latently infected cells in vitro. Most notably, their access to immune privileged anatomical sites and MHC-independent antigen recognition may circumvent many of the challenges facing CTL-based strategies. In this review, we discuss the role of γδ T cells in normal immunity and HIV infection as well as their current use in strategies to treat cancer. We present this information as means to speculate about the utilization of γδ T cells for HIV cure strategies and highlight some of the fundamental gaps in knowledge that require investigation.
Hierarchical delay fault simulation

Increasingly, VLSI systems are being designed using macro blocks and predesigned cores. Since the clock rate at which these circuits operate is steadily increasing, it is important to perform delay testing on modern VLSI chips and systems. Algorithms for delay test generation and delay fault simulation are known to be compute-intensive. Many of these algorithms require gate-level descriptions of circuits which are difficult to generate and may be even impossible to provide when the designer has made use of predesigned cores. Hierarchical testing appears to be an attractive alternative in such cases. Tests generated for logic blocks may be reused to generate tests for larger systems comprising of the logic blocks, hence reducing the total effort in test generation. Tests show in this paper that the computational effort spent in fault simulation can also be reduced using a hierarchical approach. The simulator HIDEFS described in this paper exploits the modular nature of the circuit to save on the memory requirement as well as execution time requirement of fault simulation.
Estimates of young children's time with television: a methodological comparison of parent reports with time-lapse video home observation.

Accurate information on behavior of young children at home is crucial to the study of child development. The present study compared parent diaries of 5-year-old children's time spent with television to concurrent automated time-lapse video observations. In addition, a number of control groups were employed to assess the effects of observational equipment in the homes. The sample consisted of 334 mostly white middle-class families, of whom 106 had observational equipment installed. Results indicated no systematic subject selection of families who were willing to have observational equipment as compared to the controls. In addition, there were no differences in reported viewing behavior between the observed families and controls. Of 3 types of parent estimates of 5-year-old TV viewing, concurrent diaries correlated best with video observation (r = .84) and produced a very small absolute mean time error. Direct parent estimates of typical time spent viewing produced smaller correlations and large overestimates as compared with diaries.
28GHz Wideband Characteristics at Urban Area

Wideband characteristics in the 28GHz band were measured at various environments using narrow beamwidth antennas. In this paper, we present delay spreads of urban low-rise area with two line of sight cases, one is a face-to-face and the other is non-face-to-face between antennas. Also, we present a distance characteristic of delay spread based on measured data.