Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phase Relations and Liquid Lines of Descent in Hydrous Ferrobasalt—Implications for the Skaergaard Intrusion and Columbia River Flood Basalts

Crystallization experiments using a hydrous ferrobasalt as starting material, conducted at 200MPa, 940^12008C, at a wide range of water activities (0 1^1) and redox conditions (QFM 3 to QFMþ 4, where QFM is the quartz^fayalite^magnetite oxygen buffer), show that H2O influences significantly the differentiation history of ferrobasaltic magmas. A combination of our data with published experiments on dry ferrobasalt at 1atm provides an extensive experimental database for modeling and quantifying crystallization and differentiation processes within a typical Fe-rich tholeiitic system under both dry and hydrous conditions.The addition of H2O decreases liquidus temperatures and changes significantly the proportions, temperature range and sequence of crystallizing mineral phases. The dry liquidus is at about 11708C whereas the liquidus for H2O-saturated melts is at 10608C.The main phases crystallizing from H2O-bearing ferrobasalt at the investigated conditions are olivine (OL), clinopyroxene (CPX), plagioclase (PL), magnetite (MT), hematite (HM), ilmenite (ILM) and amphibole (AM). The phase assemblage is similar to that of the dry system except for the presence of HM at extremely oxidizing conditions and AM at low temperatures (59508C) and H2O-saturated conditions. The important observation made in this study is that the stability of Fe^Ti-oxides, and in particular MT, as well as the simultaneous coprecipitation of MTand ILM, are almost independent of the activity of H2O (aH2O) in the system, whereas the liquidus temperatures of the silicate minerals are dramatically depressed by increasing aH2O.The stabilities of oxides are controlled mainly by the redox conditions prevailing in the system.The most pronounced effect of aH2O on the liquidus temperatures of silicates is observed for PL, which shows a considerable delay in crystallization with progressive magma differentiation. Early crystallization of Fe^Ti-oxides in H2O-bearing ferrobasaltic compositions precludes any significant Fe enrichment during differentiation. As Fe enrichment is a characteristic feature of the Skaergaard intrusion, it implies that the Skaergaard parental magma did not contain considerable amounts of water. On the other hand, our experiments indicate that the differentiation of some ferrobasaltic series from the Columbia River flood basalt province might have occurred in magmatic systems containing significant amounts of volatiles ( 0 5^3 wt%H2O).
Monochromatic structures in colorings of the positive integers and the finite subsets of the positive integers

We discuss van der Waerden’s theorem on arithmetic progressions and an extension using Ramsey’s theorem, and the canonical versions. We then turn to a result (Theorem 6 below) similar in character to van der Waerden’s theorem, applications of Theorem 6, and possible canonical versions of Theorem 6. We mention several open questions involving arithmetic progressions and other types of progressions.
Sobolev spaces on graded lie groups

— In this article, we study the Lp-properties of powers of positive Rockland operators and define Sobolev spaces on general graded Lie groups. We establish that the defined Sobolev spaces are independent of the choice of a positive Rockland operator, and that they are interpolation spaces. Although this generalises the case of sub-Laplacians on stratified groups studied by G. Folland in [12], many arguments have to be different since Rockland operators are usually of higher degree than two. We also prove results regarding duality and Sobolev embeddings, together with inequalities of Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev type and of Gagliardo–Nirenberg type. Résumé. — Dans cet article, nous étudions les propriétés Lp des puissances des opérateurs de Rockland positifs et nous définissons les espaces de Sobolev sur tous les groupes de Lie nilpotents gradués. Nous montrons que les espaces de Sobolev ainsi définis sont indépendants du choix de l’opérateur de Rockland positif et qu’ils sont des espaces d’interpolation. Quoique cela généralise le cas des sous-laplaciens sur les groupes stratifiés étudiés par G. Folland dans [12], plusieurs arguments sont différents car les opérateurs de Rockland sont souvent de degrée plus haut que deux. Nous montrons aussi des résultats concernant la dualité et les injections de Sobolev, ainsi que des inégalités de type Littlewood–Sobolev et de type Gagliardo– Nirenberg.
Moral Memories and the Belief in the Good Self

Most people believe they are morally good, and this belief plays an integral role in constructions of personal identity. Yet people commit moral transgressions with surprising frequency in everyday life. In this article, we characterize two mechanisms involving autobiographical memory that are utilized to foster a belief in a morally good self in the present—despite frequent and repeated immoral behavior. First, there is a tendency for people to willfully and actively forget details about their own moral transgressions but not about their own morally praiseworthy deeds. Second, when past moral transgressions are not forgotten, people strategically compare their more recent unethical behaviors with their more distant unethical behaviors to foster a perception of personal moral improvement over time. This, in turn, helps to portray the current self favorably. These two complementary mechanisms help to explain pervasive inconsistencies between people’s personal beliefs about their own moral goodness and the frequency with which they behave immorally.
Yeast and bacterial modulation of wine aroma and flavour

Wine is a highly complex mixture of compounds which largely define its appearance, aroma, flavour and mouth-feel properties. The compounds responsible for those attributes have been derived in turn from three major sources, viz. grapes, microbes and, when used, wood (most commonly, oak). The grape-derived compounds provide varietal distinction in addition to giving wine its basic structure. Thus, the floral monoterpenes largely define Muscat-related wines and the fruity volatile thiols define Sauvignon-related wines; the grape acids and tannins, together with alcohol, contribute the palate and mouth-feel properties. Yeast fermentation of sugars not only produces ethanol and carbon dioxide but a range of minor but sensorially important volatile metabolites which gives wine its vinous character. These volatile metabolites, which comprise esters, higher alcohols, carbonyls, volatile fatty acids and sulfur compounds, are derived from sugar and amino acid metabolism. The malolactic fermentation, when needed, not only provides deacidification, but can enhance the flavour profile. The aroma and flavour profile of wine is the result of an almost infinite number of variations in production, whether in the vineyard or the winery. In addition to the obvious, such as the grapes selected, the winemaker employs a variety of techniques and tools to produce wines with specific flavour profiles. One of these tools is the choice of microorganism to conduct fermentation. During alcoholic fermentation, the wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae brings forth the major changes between grape must and wine: modifying aroma, flavour, mouth-feel, colour and chemical complexity. The wine bacterium Oenococcus oeni adds its contribution to wines that undergo malolactic fermentation. Thus flavour-active yeasts and bacterial strains can produce desirable sensory results by helping to extract compounds from the solids in grape must, by modifying grape-derived molecules and by producing flavour-active metabolites. This article reviews some of the most important flavour compounds found in wine, and their microbiological origin.
Constraints and Choices

Participation in electoral politics is not a fully voluntary act. Suffrage rules regulate who can participate, whereas institutional arrangements affect incentives to vote by shaping the consequences of the voting act. The secular increase of electoral participation in the world during the past two centuries was largely due to extensions of suffrage rather than to increased turnout of those eligible. The relation between voting and electing, as manifested in institutional arrangements, had a strong effect on individual decisions to vote. In the end, the voice of the people is inescapably structured by the ideas and the institutional frameworks that relate voting to electing.
Importance of shallow-water biotopes of a Caribbean bay for juvenile coral reef fishes: patterns in biotope association, community structure and spatial distribution

Fish community structure of a non-estuarine inland bay on the Caribbean island of Curacao was determined in the mangroves, seagrass beds, algal beds, channel, fossil reef boulders, notches in fossil reef rock, and on the adjacent coral reef, using visual censuses in belt transects. Fish communities varied among biotopes, but some overlap was present. Fish density and species richness were highest at the boulders and on the coral reef, and extremely low on the algal beds, whereas the total number of individuals calculated for the entire bay was highest on the seagrass beds. Differ- ences in fish densities between biotopes were related to differences in structural complexity and amount of shelter. Fishes in the bay largely consisted of 17 (mainly commercially important) reef fish species, which used the bay biotopes only as a nursery during the juvenile part of their life cycle. Small juveniles of these species were most often found in the mangroves, whereas at intermediate sizes some were found in the channel. Large individuals and adults were found on the reef, and den- sities of several of these species were higher on the reef near the bay than on reefs located farther down-current. Fishes which spent their entire life cycles in either the bay or on the coral reef were also found, and the latter group showed a strong decrease in abundance with increasing distance into the bay. The density distribution of individual fish species was not homogeneous within the bay. In the mangroves and seagrass beds, spatial distribution of fishes was correlated with distance to the mouth of the bay, water transparency, amount of shelter, and the structural complexity of the biotope. Juveniles of 3 reef species showed an increase in size on the seagrass beds with distance from the mouth into the bay, whereas 1 bay species showed a decrease in size with this distance.
Insights from Ecological Psychology and Dynamical Systems. Theory can underpin a philosophy of coaching.

The aim of this paper is to show how principles of ecological psychology and dynamical systems theory can underpin a philosophy of coaching practice in a nonlinear pedagogy. Nonlinear pedagogy is based on a view of the human movement system as a nonlinear dynamical system. We demonstrate how this perspective of the human movement system can aid understanding of skill acquisition processes and underpin practice for sports coaches. We provide a description of nonlinear pedagogy followed by a consideration of some of the fundamental principles of ecological psychology and dynamical systems theory that underpin it as a coaching philosophy. We illustrate how each principle impacts on nonlinear pedagogical coaching practice, demonstrating how each principle can substantiate a framework for the coaching process.
The dynamics of deforestation and reforestation in a developing economy

Abstract We develop a model of optimal land allocation in a developing economy that features three possible land uses: agriculture, primary and secondary forests. The distinction between those forest types reflects their different contributions in terms of public goods. In our model, reforestation is costly because it undermines land title security. Using the forest transition concept, we study long-term land-use change and explain important features of cumulative deforestation across countries. Our results shed light on the speed at which net deforestation ends, on the effect of tenure costs in this process, and on composition in steady state. We also present a policy analysis that emphasizes the critical role of institutional reforms addressing the costs of both deforestation and tenure in order to promote a transition. We find that focusing only on net forest losses can be misleading since late transitions may yield, upon given conditions, a higher level of environmental benefits.
Thorough Characterization of Brazilian New Generation of Eucalypt Clones and Grass for Pulp Production

Eucalypt wood is becoming the most important raw material for the pulp industries in South America. However, due to the high wood cost in comparison to other raw material sources, nonwoody materials are also being investigated aiming at pulp production. In this way, this paper aimed at the evaluation of eighteen eucalypt clones obtained from the Brazilian Genolyptus project, regarding their potential characteristics for pulp production. Aiming at the same goal, two species of elephant grass were also evaluated as alternative raw material sources. Through the analyses of the anatomic and chemical characteristics, five eucalypt clones and one elephant grass species were indicated for pulp production and biorefinery application. The results of this study indicate the high technological quality of Eucalyptus clones evaluated and indicate that they can be used for biorefinery applications since they have the suitable characteristics. In general, the eucalypt clones are less moist and denser and contain fewer minerals and extraneous materials than the elephant grass species, which make them more attractive for utilization in deconstruction studies aiming at production of bioproducts.
$\mathcal {H}$-Matrix Accelerated Solution of Surface–Volume–Surface EFIE for Fast Electromagnetic Analysis on 3-D Composite Dielectric Objects

An efficient fast direct algorithm based on the hierarchical (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {H}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-) matrices is presented for solution of the radiation problems on piecewise homogeneous dielectric objects using Method of Moment (MoM) discretization of the surface–volume–surface electric field integral equation (SVS-EFIE). The SVS-EFIE for the composite objects introduces independent surface electric current density on the boundary of each region. Therefore, different from the traditional Poggio–Miller–Chang–Harrington–Wu–Tsai formulation, in the SVS-EFIE, the object regions can be meshing independently according to their local properties which improves the flexibility and efficiency of the proposed method. It also makes the proposed algorithms appropriate for the analysis of both multiscale and large-scale composite structures. The numerical results from the proposed fast method are provided for the high-loss biological tissues from bioelectromagnetics applications and agree well with the analytical Mie series solution and commercial software. The CPU time and memory cost of the required <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {H}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-matrix operations are analyzed in details and verified through several numerical experiments. The new computational framework allows for fast direct solution of 3-D radiation and scattering problems of moderate electrical size with <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O(P^{\alpha } \log ^2 P)$</tex-math></inline-formula> CPU time and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O(P^{\alpha } \log P)$</tex-math></inline-formula> memory complexity, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P$</tex-math></inline-formula> being the number of surface unknowns produced by the MoM discretization, and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1\leq \alpha \leq 1.5$</tex-math></inline-formula> being a geometry-dependent parameter.
Slow light with interleaved p-n junction to enhance performance of integrated Mach-Zehnder silicon modulators

Abstract Slow light is a very important concept in nanophotonics, especially in the context of photonic crystals. In this work, we apply our previous design of band-edge slow light in silicon waveguide gratings [M. Passoni et al, Opt. Express 26, 8470 (2018)] to Mach-Zehnder modulators based on the plasma dispersion effect. The key idea is to employ an interleaved p-n junction with the same periodicity as the grating, in order to achieve optimal matching between the electromagnetic field profile and the depletion regions of the p-n junction. The resulting modulation efficiency is strongly improved as compared to common modulators based on normal rib waveguides, even in a bandwidth of 20–30 nm near the band edge, while the total insertion loss due to free carriers is not increased. The present concept is promising in view of realizing slow-light modulators for silicon photonics with reduced energy dissipation.
Large Artery Occlusive Disease

Extracranial and intracranial large artery atherosclerosis is often identified as a potential etiologic cause for ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA). Given the high prevalence of large artery atherosclerosis in the general population, optimally treating each patient to minimize future stroke risk is paramount. To optimally define treatment, as based upon the individual patient’s history, examination, and anatomical imaging findings, clinicians can compartmentalize this disease entity into four distinct clinical scenarios: 1(a) asymptomatic and 1(b) symptomatic extracranial carotid stenosis, (2) intracranial atherosclerosis, and (3) atherosclerotic vertebrobasilar disease. In this chapter, we work to provide a framework for clinicians evaluating and treating such patients.
Electrochemical Properties and XPS Analysis of Ni-B/SiC Nanocomposite Coatings

Few studies have reported the electrochemical properties and XPS analysis of Ni-B/SiC nanocomposite coatings with high wear resistance prepared by electro-co-deposition. In this study, Ni-B/SiC nanocomposite coating was prepared by electrodeposition using trimethylamine borane as boron source in a Ni-B electrolyte containing dispersed SiC nanoparticles. The corrosion resistance and anti-wear properties of the Ni-B/SiC composite coating were examined. XPS was employed to analyze the element electronic state of the coating surface. The results show that the corrosion resistance of the Ni-B/SiC composite coating was enhanced which may be related to the dense structure, barrier effect and the reduction in the active surface area of Ni-B matrix by the presence of inert SiC particles. The XPS analysis indicated that the as-deposited coating contains metallic nickel, oxide or hydroxide nickel, and the SiC particles. Ni-B/SiC nanocomposite coating with dense structure shows superior anti-corrosion and wear resistance than Ni-B and Ni/SiC coatings.
Responses of leaf colouring in four deciduous tree species to climate and weather in Germany

The annual timing of leaf colouring of deciduous trees in temperate regions is not pre- dictable using phenological models. In this analysis we show that commonly applied hypotheses of leaf colouring triggers have neither satisfactory explanatory power nor significant statistical proof. We tested meteorological parameters, such as monthly mean temperatures, threshold temperatures, monthly sums of precipitation and number of dry days per month of the year of the phenological event and of the previous year and the length of the vegetation period. Their influence on leaf colour- ing dates for 4 deciduous tree species (horse chestnut, beech, birch, oak) in Germany (1951-2003) was tested by Pearson's correlations. We created 3 different datasets: (A) phenological observations for single stations within 25 km of meteorological stations, (B) means of phenological observations around ( |0.3| into account, we can deduce that a warm September (all species) and August (oak, birch) delayed leaf colouring while a warm June (horse chestnut, oak) and May (horse chestnut) advanced leaf colouring.
Climate change going deep: The effects of global climatic alterations on cave ecosystems

Scientists of different disciplines have recognized the valuable role of terrestrial caves as ideal natural laboratories in which to study multiple eco-evolutionary processes, from genes to ecosystems. Because caves and other subterranean habitats are semi-closed systems characterized by a remarkable thermal stability, they should also represent insightful systems for understanding the effects of climate change on biodiversity in situ. Whilst a number of recent advances have demonstrated how promising this fast-moving field of research could be, a lack of synthesis is possibly holding back the adoption of caves as standard models for the study of the recent climatic alteration. By linking literature focusing on physics, geology, biology and ecology, we illustrate the rationale supporting the use of subterranean habitats as laboratories for studies of global change biology. We initially discuss the direct relationship between external and internal temperature, the stability of the subterranean climate and the dynamics of its alteration in an anthropogenic climate change perspective. Owing to their evolution in a stable environment, subterranean species are expected to exhibit low tolerance to climatic perturbations and could theoretically cope with such changes only by shifting their distributional range or by adapting to the new environmental conditions. However, they should have more obstacles to overcome than surface species in such shifts, and therefore could be more prone to local extinction. In the face of rapid climate change, subterranean habitats can be seen as refugia for some surface species, but at the same time they may turn into dead-end traps for some of their current obligate inhabitants. Together with other species living in confined habitats, we argue that subterranean species are particularly sensitive to climate change, and we stress the urgent need for future research, monitoring programs and conservation measures.
Is Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Worth it? A Pragmatic Analysis For Clinicians

IV Introduction . 1 Method . 2 Results . 2 What is EMDR? 2 Does It Work? 4 What Is CBT? 12 What is Exposure Therapy? 12 Do CBT and ET Work? 13 Which One Is Better? 18 Is CBT Different? Do the EMs Matter? 24 Cost. 29 Discussion. 30 Limitations of Study . 33 Suggestions for Future Research . 33 Conclusions . 33 References . 35
A New Hybrid Model for Improvement of ARIMA by DEA

Article history: Received September 9, 2010 Received in revised format June 5, 2012 Accepted 31 July 2012 Available online August 17 2012 The classic ARIMA models use the information criteria for lag selection since 1990s. The information criteria are based on the summation of two expressions: a function of Residual Sum of Squares (RSS) and a penalty for decrease of degrees of freedom. However, the information criteria have some disadvantages since these two expressions do not have the same scale, so the information criteria are mainly based on the first expression (because of its bigger scale). In this paper, we propose a hybrid ARIMA model, which uses the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model to select the best lags of AR and MA process called DEA-ARIMA. DEA is a linear programming technique, which computes a comparative ratio of multiple outputs to multiple inputs for each Decision Making Unit (DMU), which is reported as the relative efficiency score. We identify inputs as the number of AR and MA terms and outputs of the model are inverse of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). In fact, in our proposed model, inputs consider as resources, so we are looking for some models with fewer resources and high efficiency. The DEA unlike the information criteria may have more than one solution and all of them are efficient so to compare this two models selection the mean of best DMUs is calculated. Experimental results demonstrate DEA-ARIMA will not trap in over fitting problem in contrast to classic ARIMA models because of considering a set of efficient ARIMA models. © 2012 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.