Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Environmental Factors and Gender on the Heritability of Bone Mineral Density and Bone Size

Bone mineral density (BMD), a risk factor for osteoporosis, is believed to be under genetic control. The effect of environmental factors and gender on the heritability of BMD and bone size is ill‐defined. In this study, heritability estimates (h2) were determined in 3,320 southern Chinese subjects from 1,019 families using the variance components model. The h2 for age, weight and height‐adjusted BMD was 0.63–0.71 for females, and 0.74–0.79 for males; and for bone size, 0.44–0.64 for females and 0.32–0.86 for males. Adjustment for lifestyle factors including calcium and phytoestrogen intake, exercise, smoking and alcohol consumption altered the h2 differently in males and females. The proportion of variance in BMD and bone size explained by all covariates varied between skeletal sites, but was consistently greater in females than males. A significant gender difference was observed in the genetic variance of BMD and bone size at the hip but not the spine. In conclusion, a gender difference was observed in the degree of heritability of BMD and bone size at specific skeletal sites. Environmental influences contributed variably at different sites in the two sexes.
Manufacturing and Characterization of Toughened Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) Formulations by Ternary Blends with Biopolyesters

Ternary blends with a constant poly(lactic acid) (PLA) content (60 wt %) and varying amounts of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) were manufactured by one step melt blending process followed by injection moulding, with the main aim of improving the low intrinsic toughness of PLA. Mechanical properties were obtained from tensile and Charpy impact tests. The miscibility and morphology of the system was studied by thermal analysis and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The obtained results showed a clear phase separation, thus indicating poor miscibility between these three biopolyesters, i.e., PLA, the continuous component with dispersed PHB and PCL domains in the form of different sphere size. Nevertheless, the high fragility of PLA was remarkably reduced, as detected by the Charpy impact test. In accordance with the decrease in brittleness, a remarkable increase in elongation at break is achieved, with increasing PCL load due to its flexibility; in addition, increasing PCL load provides thermal stability at high temperatures. Thus, tailored materials can be manufactured by melt blending PLA, PHB, and PCL in different percentages to offer a wide range of biodegradable polymer blends.
GENTAMICIN NEPHROPATHY IN A NEONATE

&NA; The clinical and autopsy findings in a premature baby who died of acute renal failure after therapy with gentamicin (5 mg/kg/day) and penicillin are presented. The serum gentamicin concentration had reached toxic levels when anuria developed. Numerous periodic acid Schiff (PAS) positive, diastase resistant cytoplasmic inclusion bodies which appeared as myelin figures in cytosegresomes under the electron microscope were identified in the proximal convoluted tubules. The pathological changes induced by gentamicin in the human neonatal kidneys have not been previously reported.
A negotiation-based cooperative RBAC scheme

Owing to the application (APP) software for the mobile users are more and more increasing, there are various attacks or challenges appeared in accessing control of the cooperative multiple servers. However, the typical access control schemes are insufficient to deal with the kind of applications that allow accessing services by way of huge users or groups. Hence, we propose the cooperative RBAC (Role-based Access Control) scheme with negotiation-based hierarchical virtual role in this paper. It could manage not only one resource agent server, but also more than one multiple agent servers on the cooperation domain through negotiated virtual role or role set to access the collaboration agent servers. Furthermore, it provides a hierarchical virtual role structure allowing flexible negotiations among the multiple agent servers in this cooperation domain. Because of concentrating on easily designing the negotiation role approach with both extendable and flexible for RBAC model, it is a highly powerful solution using the innovative research and design of the hierarchical virtual role assignment for negotiation-based RBAC scheme.
Progressive brain atrophy on serial MRI in dementia with Lewy bodies, AD, and vascular dementia

The authors determined rates of brain atrophy, as assessed by the boundary shift integral on serial MRI, in patients with dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB, n = 10), AD (n = 9), vascular dementia (VaD, n = 9), and age-matched controls (n = 20). Mean % ± SD atrophy rates per year were as follows: DLB, 1.4 ± 1.1; AD, 2.0 ± 0.9; VaD, 1.9 ± 1.1; and controls, 0.5 ± 0.7. Dementia subjects had higher rates than controls (p < 0.001), but there were no significant differences between the three dementia groups. The authors found accelerating atrophy with increasing severity of cognitive impairment, further emphasizing the need for early diagnosis and intervention in dementia.
Principles of object-oriented modeling and simulation with Modelica 2.1

Part I: Introduction. Chapter 1: Introduction to Modeling and Simulation. Chapter 2: A Quick Tour of Modelica. Part II: The Modelica Language. Chapter 3: Classes, Types, and Declarations. Chapter 4: Inheritance, Modifications, and Generics. Chapter 5: Components, Connectors, and Connections. Chapter 6: Literals, Operators, and Expressions. Chapter 7: Arrays. Chapter 8: Equations. Chapter 9: Algorithms and Functions. Chapter 10: Packages. Chapter 11: Annotations, Units, and Quantities. Part III: Modeling and Applications. Chapter 12: System Modeling Methodology and Continuous Model Representation. Chapter 13: Discrete Event, Hybrid, and Concurrency Modeling. Chapter 14: Basic Laws of Nature. Chapter 15: Application Examples. Chapter 16: Modelica Library Overview. Part IV: Technology and Tools. Chapter 17: A Mathematical Representation for Modelica Models. Chapter 18: Techniques and Research. Chapter 19: Environments. Appendix A: Modelica Formal Syntax. Appendix B: Mathematica-style Modelica Syntax. Appendix C: Solutions for Exercises. Appendix D: Modelica Standard Library. Appendix E: Modelica Scripting Commands. Appendix F: Related Object-Oriented Modeling Languages. Appendix G: A Modelica XML Representation. References. Index.
Genetic similarity and maintenance of Candida albicans strains from a group of AIDS patients, demonstrated by DNA fingerprinting

By using the computer-assisted Dendron system to analyze the patterns of Southern blots probed with the repetitive sequence Ca3, we have compared oral isolates of Candida spp. from a group of 11 nonhospitalized patients with AIDS suffering from recurrent episodes of oral thrush in Leicester, England, with oral isolates from a group of control individuals. Genetic diversity among the AIDS strains was significantly reduced compared with that of control strains. In addition, the same strains persisted through recurrent infections in patients with AIDS. Although AIDS strains were genetically less diverse than either control strains or oral commensal strains analyzed in previous studies, the majority did not form a genetically distinct group. The results of this study suggest that in the majority of patients with AIDS in this group from Leicester, original commensal strains were replaced, replacement occurred early in the manifestation of AIDS, and replacement occurred only once.
A hierarchical Bayesian-MAP approach to inverse problems in imaging

We present a novel approach to inverse problems in imaging based on a hierarchical Bayesian-MAP (HB-MAP) formulation. In this paper we specifically focus on the difficult and basic inverse problem of multi-sensor (tomographic) imaging wherein the source object of interest is viewed from multiple directions by independent sensors. Given the measurements recorded by these sensors, the problem is to reconstruct the image (of the object) with a high degree of fidelity. We employ a probabilistic graphical modeling extension of the compound Gaussian distribution as a global image prior into a hierarchical Bayesian inference procedure. Since the prior employed by our HB-MAP algorithm is general enough to subsume a wide class of priors including those typically employed in compressive sensing (CS) algorithms, HB-MAP algorithm offers a vehicle to extend the capabilities of current CS algorithms to include truly global priors. After rigorously deriving the regression algorithm for solving our inverse problem from first principles, we demonstrate the performance of the HB-MAP algorithm on Monte Carlo trials and on real empirical data (natural scenes). In all cases we find that our algorithm outperforms previous approaches in the literature including filtered back-projection and a variety of state-of-the-art CS algorithms. We conclude with directions of future research emanating from this work.
Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis; report of a case with cortisone treatment.

THIS CASE is presented to suggest a possible beneficial adjunct in the therapy of acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis. REPORT OF CASE J. S. (48600-51 Bellevue Hospital), a 25-year-old white woman, was admitted to the Fourth Surgical Division on July 31, 1951. For the past three years she had been troubled with recurrent attacks of right upper quadrant pain; the last attack occurred one month prior to admission, shortly before a Caesarean section was performed. Her postpartum course was uneventful. Five days before admission she noted the onset of a similar episode associated with nausea, vomiting, and pain radiating to her back. She was seen twice during this interval in the outpatient clinic, where she was given medication and sent home. On admission the patient appeared acutely ill. The temperature was 103.8 F. The blood pressure was 120/70, and the pulse was 128. She was perspiring profusely and appeared to be bordering
Estimation of Aerodynamic Parameters in Real-Time Implementation and Comparison of a Sequential Frequency Domain Method and a Batch Method

The flight testing and evaluation of collected data must be efficient during intensive flight-test programs such as the ones conducted during development of new aircraft. The aim of this thesis has thus been to produce a first version of an aerodynamic derivative estimation program that is to be used during real-time flight tests. The program is to give a first estimate of the aerodynamic derivatives as well as check the quality of the data collected and thus serve as a decision support during tests. The work that has been performed includes processing of data in order to use it in computations, comparing a batch and a sequential estimation method using realtime data and programming a user interface. All computations and programming has been done in Matlab. The estimation methods that have been compared are both built on transforming data to the frequency domain using a Chirp z-transform and then estimating the aerodynamic derivatives using complex least squares with instrumental variables. The sequential frequency domain method performs estimates at a given interval while the batch method performs one estimation at the end of the maneuver. Both methods compared in this thesis produce equal results. The continuous updates of the sequential method was however found to be better suited for a real-time application than the single estimation of the batch method. The telemetric data received from the aircraft must be synchronized to a common frequency of 60 Hz. Missing samples of the data stream must be linearly interpolated and different units of measured parameters must be corrected in order to be able to perform these estimations in the real-time test environment.
Strength-duration and activity-dependent excitability properties of frog afferent axons and their intraspinal projections.

1. Excitability properties of afferent axons and terminal regions in frog dorsal roots (DR) and spinal cords in vitro were investigated by antidromic activation from three sites--the root, the entry zone (dorsal white matter or DW), and deep within the dorsal horn (DH)--while recordings were made from the DR. 2. Two approaches were used to assess physiological differences between telodendria and trunk axons. Rheobases and strength-duration time constants (tau sd) of single DR fibers were measured by stimulation in the DH or in the DW. Conduction velocity was estimated on the basis of onset latencies of evoked spikes (the time from stimulation to action potential arrival at the recording electrodes). Population supernormality was evaluated on the basis of responses to conditioned and unconditioned submaximal stimuli delivered to the DH or to the proximal end of isolated DRs. 3. Single-fiber action potentials occurred at longer latencies after DH stimulation than after DW stimulation. Estimated intraspinal conduction velocity was congruent to 0.6 m/s. Extraspinal conduction velocity in these fibers averaged 22.2 m/s. Average tau sd was longer in the DH than in the DW (670 microseconds vs. 204 microseconds). 4. DH and DR test responses evoked 10-150 ms after a conditioning stimulus had increased areas relative to unconditioned test responses. Conditioning-associated changes in evoked responses were greater with the DH stimulation site than with the DR stimulation site, and these changes were not altered by treatment designed to block synaptic transmission. 5. We conclude that membrane properties determining tau sd differ between large afferent axons and fine terminal regions of those axons. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Increases in bone mineral density after functional electrical stimulation cycling exercises in spinal cord injured patients

Purpose. To assess the change in bone mineral density (BMD) after spinal cord injury (SCI) and to evaluate whether BMD loss can be reversed with the intervention of functional electric stimulation cycling exercises (FESCE). Methods. Fifteen males with SCI were included. Fifteen able-bodied males were also tested to compare BMD. In the SCI group, the FESCE was performed for six months, and then was discontinued in the subsequent six months. BMD was performed before the FESCE, immediately after six months of the FESCE, and at the end of the subsequent six months. Results. Before the FESCE, the BMD of the SCI subjects in every site, except the lumbar spine, was lower than that of the able-bodied subjects. After six months of FESCE, BMD of the distal femur (DF) and proximal tibia (PT) increased significantly, and BMD of the calcaneus (heel) showed a trend of increase. However, the BMD in the DF, PT, and heel decreased significantly after the subsequent six months without FESCE. The BMD of the femoral neck (FN) decreased progressively throughout the programme. Conclusions. Our study showed site-specific BMD changes after FESCE. The BMD loss in the DF and PT was partially reversed after six months of FESCE, but the effect faded once the exercise was discontinued.
Quality Attributes Analysis in a Crowdsourcing-based Emergency Management System

In an emergency situation where the physical integrity of people is at risk, a mobile solution should be easy to use and trustworthy. In order to offer a good user experience and to improve the quality of the app, we should evaluate characteristics of usability, satisfaction, and freedom from risk. This paper presents an experiment whose objective is to evaluate quality attributes in a crowdsourcing-based emergency management system. The quality attributes evaluated are: appropriateness recognisability, user interface aesthetics, usefulness, trust, and health and safety risk mitigation. The experiment was designed following the Goal/Question/Metric approach. We could evaluate the app with experts from the area of emergency. The results showed that the participants thought the app was well designed, easy to understand, easy to learn, and easy to use. This evaluation ensured the application improvement, and also the evaluation process adopted.
Differences in neural response to extinction recall in young adults with or without history of behavioral inhibition

Abstract Behavioral inhibition (BI) is a temperament identified in early childhood that is associated with risk for anxiety disorders, yet only about half of behaviorally inhibited children manifest anxiety later in life. We compared brain function and behavior during extinction recall in a sample of nonanxious young adults characterized in childhood with BI (n = 22) or with no BI (n = 28). Three weeks after undergoing fear conditioning and extinction, participants completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging extinction recall task assessing memory and threat differentiation for conditioned stimuli. While self-report and psychophysiological measures of differential conditioning and extinction were similar across groups, BI-related differences in brain function emerged during extinction recall. Childhood BI was associated with greater activation in subgenual anterior cingulate cortex in response to cues signaling safety. This pattern of results may reflect neural correlates that promote resilience against anxiety in a temperamentally at-risk population.
Interview with Professor John Bond, 30 April 2013

Professor John Bond is a sociologist who over the last four decades has been a foremost researcher and author in the fields of social gerontology, policy, epidemiology, public health and the sociology of medicine. He is now Emeritus Professor of Social Gerontology and Health Services Research at Newcastle University and his many books, articles, edited collections and team projects have yielded a consistently innovative and critical literature about the key issues of ageing in modern societies. In drawing together critical and qualitative sociological perspectives and the health professions, his work has been highly regarded for demonstrating the impacts of structural processes on the everyday lives and experiences of older people in care environments. His ideas on Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and dementia, frequently published with the leading experts in the field, have profoundly recast how we should approach the relationship between research, practice and quality of life in the context of an ageist culture.
A New Nonreciprocal Ferrite Junction

A new type of four-port nonreciprocal ferrite device which has features of the isolator, circulator and power devider is described. The nonreciprocal effects are due to the physical principles of the wave propagation in a ferrite stripline immersed into the bidirectional dc. magnetic field. An approximate analysis is presented with the physical. description of the modes in the strip1ine. Finally a new type of the nonreciprocal. ferrite junction has been succesfully developed.
60 GHz substrate integrated waveguide crossover structure

A four-port substrates integrated waveguide coupler in the form of a crossover structure is proposed and developed for signal distribution and routing applications. This coupler is composed of four-arms waveguide section connected by a central junction. It is well known that the standard crossover is generally composed of two 3 dB couplers whose loss and size are usually large. In this work, an extremely compact and low-loss 0 dB coupler (cross-over) is realised at 60GHz with the proposed coupler configuration. Measured results on the basis of the realized prototypes agree well with theoretical predictions and simulated results. This coupler is demonstrated to have a 5% relative bandwidth with less than 0.2-dB coupling loss.
Conjugative transposons and the dissemination of antibiotic resistance in streptococci.

INTRODUCTION 636 IDENTIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF Tn916 636 MECHANISM OF Tn916 MOVEMENT 642 OTHER CONJUGATIVE TRANSPOSONS 644 Tn918 and Tn919 . 644 Nonplasmid Multiple Resistance Transfer in Various Species of Streptococci. 645 COMMON ASSOCIATION OF Tc RESISTANCE WITH CONJUGATIVE TRANSPOSONS 650 SOME COMMON EFFECTS OF CONJUGATED TRANSPOSONS ON HEMOLYSIN GENES IN STREPTOCOCCUS FAECALlS 65 I HOST RANGE OF CONJUGATIVE TRANSPOSONS 652 POTENTIAL USES FOR CONJUGATIVE TRANSPOSONS IN GENETIC STUDIES. 652 CONCLUDING REMARKS 653
Cardiomythology and marathons.

Two questions about long-distance running are addressed in this issue of the Journal: If people who go in for protracted, strenuous exercise have healthier cardiovascular systems, is the exercise itself responsible or are other factors, such as a different constitutional endowment? Secondly, does the exercise involved in running marathons confer immunity to death from coronary-artery disease? Whether one compares railway switchmen with railway clerks, postal carriers with postal clerks, bus conductors with their companion drivers, college athletes with their more sedentary classmates or farmers and longshoremen with the rest of the community, the active member of each pair will have .
The Evolving Story of Aphakic and Pseudophakic Glaucoma after Cataract Surgery in Children : What ’ s New ?

Miles Center for Pediatric Ophthalmology, Storm Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC. Supported in part by NIH grant EY-14793, an unrestricted grant to MUSC-SEI from Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc., New York, NY. and Grady Lyman Fund The authors have no financial or proprietary interest in any product mentioned herein. Glaucoma in the aphakic and pseudophakic eye is the third most common cause of glaucoma in children, coming after congenital and traumatic glaucoma. Our knowledge regarding its incidence, pathogenesis, risk factors associated with its development and best management options is still evolving. We present here a review of the literature that forms the bulk of knowledge of this currently inevitable complication to pediatric cataract surgery.
SPR1 gene near HLA‐C is unlikely to be a psoriasis susceptibility gene

Abstract: Although genetics analyses have identified the HLA‐Cw6 allele to be the major risk allele for psoriasis vulgaris (PV) in many racial groups, it has been proposed that other putative genes near the HLA‐C locus are involved in PV susceptibility and that the association of Cw6 is a result of linkage disequilibrium. The SPR1 gene, a predicted gene located 128 kb telomeric to the HLA‐C locus, is considered to be one potential candidate gene of PV. Until now, no association study of the SPR1 gene has been conducted on psoriasis patients. We investigated the SPR1 gene for disease association by direct sequencing of the SPR1 gene in 116 Chinese patients with PV and 116 normal subjects. Genotyping for HLA‐Cw6 was also carried out using polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism. Significant increase of the HLA‐Cw6 allele was found in psoriasis patients (32.8% vs. 13.8%, P = 0.001). We found that the SPR1 gene is a highly polymorphic gene containing 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), two of which have not been previously reported, and four SNPs cause amino acid change. No significantly different allelic distribution of 13 SPR1 SNPs could be found between the patients with PV and controls after correction for multiple testing. If the frequencies of SPR1 SNPs were compared between the early onset psoriatics and control subjects, early onset patients were more likely to have G allele at position 988 (60% vs. 35.3%, P = 0.001). However, the significance disappeared upon stratification for the Cw6 status. Haplotype‐based association analysis showed two susceptibility haplotypes (types 8 and 19) in early onset psoriasis patients. Nonetheless, the significance also disappeared after stratification of the Cw6 status. Our results suggest that HLA‐Cw6 remains the major risk allele in Chinese psoriatics, and that the SPR1 gene might not play an important role in the causation of PV.