Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functional and Anatomical Relationships among the Amygdala, Basal Forebrain, Ventral Striatum, and Cortex: An Integrative Discussion

Two recent papers have questioned the concept of the amygdala as a functional and anatomically separate entity. Swanson and Petrovich go so far as to state that "the amygdala is neither a structural nor a functional unit. " This novel concept is derived from the fact that the amygdala is a structure whose anatomical connections and neurochemical features are more strongly interrelated to adjacent parts of the temporal lobe and basal forebrain than to unique characteristics of its own. This is an emerging hypothetical concept of the "amygdala" that seems to repeat itself in many parts of this volume and merits further examination in the future. The basal forebrain and cortical circuitry described here seem to be critical for a set of behaviors/processes that could be collectively described as cognitive-emotive. For example, this would include arousal, attention, sensory processing, reinforcement, and finally associative learning, decision making, and memory. Collectively this circuitry influences the emotional, motivational, and cognitive state of an organism. More and more studies are demonstrating that small and localized manipulations of the brain can result in equally subtle and specific deficits that are associated with definable parts of the anatomical circuitry, neurotransmitters, and receptors of basal forebrain structures. These studies have been guided and influenced by the refined neuroanatomical and neurochemical investigations of Lennart Heimer and his colleagues. Interpretations of these studies are beginning to uncover distinct deficits that suggest explanations and potential treatments for many psychiatric and pathological degenerative disorders.
Fusion de données multi-capteurs à l'aide d'un réseau bayésien pour l'estimation d'état d'un véhicule

Cette these presente la fusion multi-capteurs par un reseau Bayesien applique au probleme de localisation d'un vehicule sur une carte. La mise en correspondance d'une estimation sur un segment de route ou Road-matching consiste a trouver le segment sur lequel le vehicule roule et la position de ce vehicule sur ce segment. Plusieurs algorithmes utilisent la fusion des estimations donnees par l'odometrie et le GPS pour traiter le probleme du road-matching. Cependant, une simple combinaison du GPS et de l'odometrie ne permet pas de se localiser de maniere precise et sans interruption de service. La precision et la continuite de service peuvent etre ameliorees si on utilise des informations cartographiques qui permettent en particulier de contraindre les positions possibles aux seuls segments correspondants a des voies de circulation autorisees. \\ Dans de nombreux cas, lorsqu'un vehicule se trouve devant des situations ambigues comme les routes paralleles, les jonctions de routes,. plusieurs auteurs cherchent a selectionner le segment le plus probable. Cette phase est souvent une source d'erreurs. Dans cette these nous proposons de traiter tous les segments candidats jusqu'a la levee de l'ambiguite. \\ Le probleme de la localisation devient encore plus complique quand il s'agit d'une localisation multi-vehicules pour une navigation autonome des vehicules suiveurs. Pour un train de vehicules dont seul le premier est pilote par un operateur humain et dont les vehicules suiveurs sont en mode autopilotage, une geo-localisation precise d'ordre centimetrique de chaque vehicule est plus que necessaire pour les modules de controle pour le suivi de trajectoire du vehicule de tete. \\ Un train de vehicule peut etre vu comme la generalisation du modele de reseau Bayesien pour la localisation d'un vehicule sur une carte. Nous dupliquons le reseau autant de fois qu'on a de vehicule. Nous rajoutons des liens de connexions entre les vehicules afin de concevoir le train de vehicule. \\ Le filtre de Kalman et sa version etendue sont tres utilises en robotique, principalement pour traiter le probleme de la non linearite. Cependant, la linearisation du systeme autour de l'estimee courante peut introduire des erreurs sur la moyenne et la covariance calculees \textit{a posteriori} et peut meme dans d'autres cas faire diverger le filtre. \\ La transformation du systeme non lineaire d'un vehicule sous forme chainee permet de representer son equation cinematique sous forme lineaire. Par consequent, cette transformation nous evite de faire appel aux methodes d'inference approximatives.
The Development of an Instrument for the Assessment of Doctor-Patient Relationship (Dopraq-16)

The objective was to assess the quality of the doctor-patient relationship, following a clinical consultation, through the development of a questionnaire that asks identical questions to doctors and patients. Therefore, a systematic search of the world literature in eight languages to include all available questionnaires measuring aspects of the doctor-patient relationship led to two separate comprehensive sets of questions, which were administered separately to doctor and patient pairs following clinical consultations. Principal component and factor analyses were performed to identify common factors in the doctor-patient relationship. On the basis of results and review of common questions in doctor and patient questionnaires, a questionnaire was constructed, with identical questions for doctors and patients. Concurrent validity was assessed through a 1-10 analogue scale and correlation between doctor and patient responses was studied. As an outcome, sets of 122 and 137 questions for doctors and patients respectively have been identified and administered to 461 doctor-patient pairs following clinical consultation. Principal component analyses revealed 24 factors for doctors and 31 factors for patients, accounting for 73.3 and 70.8% of variance respectively. A series of factor analyses showed that factors vary for patients, doctors and medical specialties. A final analysis including only common questions for doctors and patients led to a two-factor solution, resulting to a 16- item questionnaire. Together these findings suggest that the Doctor-Patient Relationship Assessment Questionnaire (DoPRAQ-16) has good psychometric properties, while common questions provide a common language, for measuring the doctor-patient relationship.
Monoclonal antibodies to the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus: comparative neutralizing activity

Nineteen independently isolated hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies to the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus were isolated and studied for their capacity to neutralize viral infectivity. By measuring competitive binding of 125I-labeled monoclonal antibodies in a radioimmunoassay. 11 different, non-cross-reacting antigenic determinants were identified on the vesicular stomatitis virus G protein. All monoclonal antibodies reacting with determinants 1, 2, 3, and 4 resulted in viral neutralization, whereas those binding to the other seven determinants did not neutralize infectivity. The mixture of two monoclonal antibodies binding to different determinants resulted in a more rapid neutralization than either antibody alone, suggesting that different antibodies can exert a synergistic effect on viral neutralization. Kinetic experiments revealed biphasic neutralization curves similar to those expected for heterologous antibody. No evidence could be obtained to relate biphasic kinetics of viral neutralization to heterogeneous populations either of antibody molecules or of virus. The possible significance of the kinetic data with monoclonal antibodies is discussed.
Towards a performance-as-a-service cloud

Motivation While the pay-as-you-go model of Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) clouds is more flexible than an in-house IT infrastructure, it still has a resource-based interface towards users, who can rent virtual computing resources over relatively long time scales. There is a fundamental mismatch between this resource-based interface and what users really care about: performance.
Interaction-level support for collaborative learning: AlgoBlock - an open programming language

In this paper, the role of computer-based educational tools is discussed from the standpoint of situated learn­ ing theory (e.g., Brown et al. 1988, Lave et al. 1991), which considers learning to be a process of encultura­ tion in a community of practice (Lave et al. 1991). The authors propose, as one possibility, the role of com­ puter-based educational tools as supporters of a "com­ munity of learners". "Community of learners" is a community maintained by "learners" who are trying to establish their identities in a certain community of practice. It works as an interface to full participation in the community of practice. Both facilitating interac­ tions among learners and making links between activi­ ties within the community of learners and practices in the real world are crucial for supporting the commu­ nity of learners. As the first step to this goal, the au­ thors focus on interaction-level support of the commu­ nity of learners, and mention AlgoBlock, a tangible programming language developed by the authors, as an example of computer-based educational tools for facili­ tating interactions among learners.
Two cases of chronic knee pain caused by unusual injuries to the popliteus tendon

Abstract Injuries to the popliteus tendon are less frequent than injuries to the menisci or ligamentous structures of the knee. When they do occur, injuries to the popliteus tendon tend to be the result of trauma and associated with injuries to other components of the knee. The most commonly seen injuries include tears at the musculotendinous junction and avulsion tears at the lateral femoral condyle insertion site. This report presents two unusual injuries of the popliteus tendon in pa tients with chronic knee pain: an isolated split tear of the tendon and a subluxed tendon residing within the lateral joint space.
Signature moléculaire des adénocarcinomes pulmonaires de type lépidique prédominant et mucineux invasif et dérégulation

Les adenocarcinomes lepidiques predominant (ALP) sont une entite originale sur le plan histologique, clinique et biologique parmi les adenocarcinomes pulmonaires. Il s’agit de tumeurs non-mucineuses mais il existe un variant mucineux, l’adenocarcinome mucineux invasif (AMI), caracterise par un plus mauvais pronostic et l’absence de traitement efficace dans les formes avancees. L’objectif de ce travail etait d’etudier les differences moleculaires distinguant ALP et AMI et d’en degager les implications biologiques. Apres avoir detaille les caracteristiques cliniques et les alterations oncogeniques d’une cohorte d’ALP et d’AMI, nous avons exploite les banques de prelevements issus de cette cohorte. Une etude de l’expression en immunohistochimie des mucines MUC1, 2, 5B, 5AC et 6 au sein des pieces operatoires de 27 ALP et 27 AMI montrait un profil d’expression specifique entre ALP et AMI. L’expression de MUC1 etait associee aux ALP, celle de MUC5AC, 5B et 6 aux AMI. L’expression de MUC1 etait associee aux mutations EGFR et MUC5B et 5AC aux mutations KRAS. Un rearrangement NRG1 a ete detecte par FISH dans 1 AMI sur 25. La chimiokine CXCL10 etait surexprimee dans les surnageants de lavages broncho-alveolaires (LBA) de patients avec AMI (n=38) compares aux ALP (n=25), et cette surexpression etait de mauvais pronostic. La voie cytokine/recepteur CXCL10/CXCR3-A etait surexprimee dans les AMI, faisait la promotion de la migration des cellules tumorales mucineuses et gouvernait l’expression tumorale de VEGF. Le VEGF issu du LBA des patients etait a l’origine in vitro d’une augmentation significative de la formation de tubes vasculaires inhibee par l’anti-VEGF bevacizumab. Le ciblage de CXCL10/CXCR3-A et du VEGF pourraient etre des options therapeutiques dans les AMI. Ces resultats permettent d’affiner les connaissances biologiques des ALP et des AMI et degagent des voies de recherche originales qui pourraient amener au developpement de nouveaux traitements
Prevention and Care of Stroke in Low- and Middle-Income Countries; the Need for a Public Health Perspective

Stroke is a leading public health problem, causing significant disability and premature mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). A public health strategy is required for the prevention and care of stroke in LMIC. Although specific estimates are difficult to calculate, increasing cost-effective interventions that reduce cardiovascular risk in the population can have a substantial impact on stroke burden. Public health interventions that address tobacco use, unhealthy diet (salt and transfat), and physical inactivity of the population need to be complemented with equitable stroke services. The main components of an equitable stroke service include: • assessment and management of cardiovascular risk in primary care, • assessment and follow-up of transient ischaemic attack (TIA) patients, • provision of secondary prevention through a primary health care approach, • education of the public, health care staff and patients with stroke, • equitable access to acute stroke care and stroke rehabilitation and • community and family engagement for support to care givers and stroke patients. Unless services for stroke care are complemented with prevention programmes to reduce stroke risk in the population, health care costs will continue to escalate due to increasing rates of stroke.
Purification and Characterization of a Dictyostelium Protein Kinase Required for Actin Activation of the MgATPase Activity of Dictyostelium Myosin ID (*)

We have isolated a protein from Dictyostelium with a molecular mass of 110 kDa as judged by SDS-gel electrophoresis that can stimulate the actin-activated MgATPase activity of Dictyostelium myosin ID (MyoD). In the presence of MgATP the 110-kDa protein incorporated phosphate into itself and into the heavy chain, but not the light chain, of MyoD. Phosphorylation to 0.5 mol of Pi/mol increased the MyoD actin-activated MgATPase rate from 0.2 to 3 μmol/min/mg. Renaturation following SDS-gel electrophoresis demonstrated that the 110-kDa protein contained intrinsic protein kinase and autophosphorylation activity. Autophosphorylation to 1 mol of Pi/mol enhanced the rate at which the 110-kDa protein kinase phosphorylated MyoD by 40-fold. The rate of autophosphorylation was strongly dependent on the 110-kDa protein kinase concentration, indicating an intermolecular reaction. Synthetic peptides of 9-11 residues corresponding to the heavy chain phosphorylation site of Acanthamoeba myosin IC and the homologous sites in Dictyostelium myosin IB (MyoB) and MyoD were poor substrates for the 110-kDa protein kinase. The 110-kDa protein kinase was unable to phosphorylate the MyoB isozyme suggesting that it may be specific for MyoD.
VULNERABILIDADES EM PACIENTES COM TUBERCULOSE NO DISTRITO SANITÁRIO DE SANTA FELICIDADE – CURITIBA, PR

Se objetivo identificar caracteristicas de los pacientes con tuberculosis y las variables potenciales de desgaste y vulnerabilidades para esas personas en relacion a la enfermedad. Conducido bajo el marco teorico de la vulnerabilidad. Integraron el estudio 26 sujetos matriculados en unidades basicas de salud del Distrito Sanitario de Santa Felicidade, Curitiba, Parana. Los datos fueron recogidos usando un cuestionario y los resultados mostraron que 73% eran de sexo masculino, 84,6% presentaban tuberculosis pulmonar, 11.5% ya se habian tratado anteriormente y el 15,4% se sometieron al tratamiento supervisado. El estudio mostro caracteristicas personales, relativas al proceso salud-enfermedad y de reproduccion social siendo que algunos sujetos presentaban vulnerabilidad individual en mayor escala que otros. Revelo tambien vulnerabilidades para el enfrentamiento de la vida como vivienda, grado de instruccion, acceso a bienes de consumo y servicios de salud.
Kv channels and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation

Kv channels are present in virtually all VSMCs and strongly influence contractile responses. However, they are also instrumental in the proliferative, migratory, and secretory functions of synthetic, dedifferentiated VSMCs upon PM. In fact, Kv channels not only contribute to all these processes but also are active players in the phenotypic switch itself. This review is focused on the role(s) of Kv channels in VSMC proliferation, which is one of the best characterized functions of dedifferentiated VSMCs. VSMC proliferation is a complex process requiring specific Kv channels at specific time and locations. Their identification is further complicated by their large diversity and the differences in expression across vascular beds. Of interest, both conserved changes in some Kv channels and vascular bed‐specific regulation of others seem to coexist and participate in VSMC proliferation through complementary mechanisms. Such a system will add flexibility to the process while providing the required robustness to preserve this fundamental cellular response.
Identification and pre-compensation of the electrical memory effects in wireless transceivers

This paper proposes a novel approach to identify the electrical memory effects in wireless transceivers fed with a modulated signal. With this new proposed memory effect identification approach, the contribution of the electrical memory effects to the out-of-band emission can be distinguished easily. Furthermore, a Hammerstein and a memory polynomial pre-compensator are used to pre-correct the dynamic nonlinearity of the transceiver. Their corresponding pre-compensation performances are compared in terms of suppression level of the out-of-band emission caused by the electrical memory effects. A prototype of a wireless transceiver, which is based on an L-band 60-watt GaAs FET push-pull amplifier, is utilized to validate the proposed identification approach and evaluate the performances of the pre-compensators.
Ability of baclofen in reducing alcohol intake and withdrawal severity: I--Preclinical evidence.

BACKGROUND The similarities between the pharmacological effects of the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor agonist, baclofen, and the alcohol-substituting agent, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, led us to investigate whether baclofen was capable of reducing (a) ethanol withdrawal syndrome in ethanol-dependent rats and (b) voluntary ethanol intake in ethanol-preferring rats. METHODS In experiment 1, Wistar rats were rendered physically dependent on ethanol by the repeated administration of intoxicating doses of ethanol for 6 consecutive days. Baclofen was acutely administered intraperitoneally at doses of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg. In experiment 2, baclofen (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) was administered once a day for 14 consecutive days to ethanol-preferring sP rats that had continuous access to ethanol (10%, v/v) and water under the two-bottle free choice regimen. RESULTS In experiment 1, baclofen dose-dependently decreased the intensity of ethanol withdrawal signs; furthermore, 20 mg/kg of baclofen protected from audiogenic seizures in ethanol-withdrawn rats. In experiment 2, baclofen selectively and dose-dependently reduced voluntary ethanol intake; a compensatory increase in water intake left total fluid intake virtually unchanged. CONCLUSIONS These results are in close agreement with those of a preliminary clinical study and suggest that baclofen may constitute a novel therapeutic agent for alcoholism.
Value and challenges of measuring left ventricular mass in clinical research: implications for the practitioner.

The relationship of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (H) to abnormality of the arterial circulation was noted almost a century and a half ago by the great French physician Auguste Laennec who noted1 that “When affecting the left ventricle, I have seen its parietes more than an inch thick.the septum between the two ventricles becomes also notably thickened in the disease of the left ventricle,. Symptoms are - a strong full pulse, strong and obvious pulsation of the heart. ” Article see p 769 Since Laennec’s observation, the importance of LVH to cardiac outcomes, including heart failure, myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular death, has been well established.2,3 Moreover, LV mass (actually weight) even at values below those used to define LVH, as well as abnormal geometry (increased proportion of wall thickness to diastolic LV dimension, ie, concentric geometry), is also associated with adverse outcomes. Given the evidence that reduction of LV mass may vary based on selected therapy and population characteristics, it has been suggested that specific targeting of LV mass reduction may confer benefits over and above those that accrue with blood pressure lowering, per se.3 However, given the well-demonstrated efficacy of blood pressure lowering on improving cardiovascular outcomes, without measuring its effects on LV mass or other potential surrogate outcome measures, treatment guidelines in hypertension have placed little emphasis on measurement of LV mass and its change with therapy. Measurement of LV mass and its change over time confers technical challenges attributable to what can be substantial measurement variability.4 Alternate methods, specifically magnetic resonance imaging, confer high cost and logistic difficulty in large population studies and clinical …
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors of Alabama's Primary Care Physicians Regarding Cancer Genetics

Purpose To determine Alabama's primary care physicians' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding cancer genetics. Method A questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of 1,148 physicians: family and general practitioners, internists, and obstetrician—gynecologists. Results Of the surveyed physicians, 22.1% responded. Of the respondents, 63% to 85% obtained family histories of cancer from 76% to 100% of their patients. Obstetrician—gynecologists referred more patients for cancer genetic testing (p =.008) and were more confident in their abilities to tailor preventive recommendations based on the results (p =.05) than were the other physicians. Primary care physicians were more likely than were obstetrician—gynecologists to identify lack of time during the patient visit as hindering efforts to do genetic counseling (p =.01). Physicians in practice for ten years or less were more confident in explaining genetic test results than were those in practice for more than 20 years (p =.01). Conclusion These data validate gaps in primary care practices in obtaining family history of cancer, as well as lack of confidence in explaining genetic test results and in tailoring recommendations based on the tests.
Capacity building and developing communication materials: one poster's story.

According to the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) AIDS Division, 22% of brothel-based and street prostitutes and 6% of indirect prostitutes were infected with HIV as of June 1994. Thailand's Ministry of Public Health (MOPH), the BMA, and the AIDS Control and Prevention (AIDSCAP) Project collaborated to develop and launch a poster designed to encourage condom use by the clients of commercial sex workers in Bangkok. The poster shows a woman of Asian descent draped in a sheet embracing a bare-chested man whose pants are unzipped. The man holds a condom. The text reads as follows: "If you know how to please me, I am sure to please you any way you want. " This poster drew criticism from two newspaper columnists and some readers for being too explicit and promotive of sex. However, MOPH, BMA, and AIDSCAP officials stood behind their poster as necessary to communicate a strong, honest message to target audiences. The poster remained up in strategic areas throughout Bangkok.