Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Addressing agricultural issues in health care education: an occupational therapy curriculum program description.

CONTEXT Medical and allied health professionals who work in agricultural states frequently address the needs of clients who live and work in rural and frontier environments. The primary occupations of those living in rural areas include farming, ranching, or other agriculture-related work. Farming is consistently ranked as one of the most high-risk occupations for work-related injuries and accidents; therefore, it is critical that health education programs include content to prepare future medical and health professionals to work with this population. PURPOSE AND DESCRIPTION This paper describes the rural issues component of the occupational therapy curriculum at The University of South Dakota. This rural issues module is designed to provide occupational therapists with training about the physical, temporal, and sociocultural aspects of production agriculture and the impact these have on the health and well-being of the agricultural population. It also addresses the occupational therapy implications for farmers and ranchers who have disabilities. Student assessments of the course content have been above average. CONCLUSION Training in agricultural health enables our occupational therapy students to be well prepared for work in the rural and frontier areas of South Dakota and other rural locations.
Microtechnologies in medicine: An overview

Microsystems technology (MST) has become a significant enabler of novel medical devices and implants over the last years. Typical examples are MST units in cardiac rhythm management devices or in hearing implants. A classification of medical MST applications can be made according to their relationship with the anatomy that is based on the kind and duration of interaction with the human body: Class 1: Extra‐corporeal devices such as telemetric health monitoring systems or point of care testing systems. Class 2: Intra‐corporeal devices such as intelligent surgical instruments. Class 3: Temporarily incorporated or ingested devices, such as telemetric endoscopes. Class 4: Long‐term implantable devices such as telemetric implants. Medical applications of MST are growing at double‐digit compounded growth rates, leading to a forecasted global market volume of over USD 1 billion in 2006 or 2007, making MST devices a relevant segment of the medical technology market. The clinical foundation for promoting the use of MST in medicine is mainly based on the significant potential of MST to enable products that improve early disease detection and the monitoring of chronic illnesses. This refers to a number of the most important health problems such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes and cancer, to name just a few. More recently microrobotics has become a relevant research area for enabling the atraumatic transport of MST‐enhanced diagnostic and therapeutic devices inside the human body.
Assessment and Promotion of the Great Barrier Reef's Human Dimensions Through Collaboration

ABSTRACT Increasingly, natural resource managers see the marine protected areas that they are responsible for as linked social-ecological systems. This requires an equal focus on managing for both natural and human dimensions of the protected estate. Consequently, identification of indicators that represent the human dimensions of Large Scale Marine Protected Areas (LSMPAs) such as the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is critical if these values are to be properly considered as part of standard management practice. Assessment and monitoring of the human dimensions of LSMPAs requires a replicable, collaborative process, rolled out at local scales but comparable across vast, socially and geographically diverse areas. This paper explores the application of a process for the development, assessment, and monitoring of the GBR's human dimensions. The process includes (a) development of a conceptual framework that links indicator sets to the desired state of the GBR's human dimensions; and (b) a collaborative approach including ten practical steps to implement assessment, monitoring, and benchmarking of the human dimensions of an LSMPA. We conclude with examination of challenges and opportunities for implementing this process in the GBR context, specifically with respect to the targets and objectives of the Reef 2050 Long-Term Sustainability Plan.
Relationship between cognitive impairment and oral health: results of the Health 2000 Health Examination Survey in Finland

Objective. The aim was to study oral health in relation to cognitive impairment in the general population. Material and Methods. The study population comprised 2320 persons aged 55 years or older who participated in a nationally representative Health 2000 Health Examination Survey in Finland. The data were collected by interviews and clinical oral examinations. Cognition was assessed using a shortened version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (score 0–16). Poisson regression models were used to estimate the relative risk (RR) for continuous variables and logistic regression models to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for dichotomized variables. Results. The results show that individuals with cognitive impairment have more carious teeth (MMSE 11-10: RR: 1.3, CI: 0.9–1.7, MMSE 9-0: RR: 1.5 CI: 1.0–2.4) than healthy persons. Furthermore, compared to cognitively healthy subjects, those with MMSE 9–0 more often have no teeth and no dentures (OR: 5.2, CI: 1.0–26.6) and less often good denture hygiene (OR: 0.4, CI: 0.2–0.7). Conclusion. Cognitively impaired subjects among older adults in Finland have more carious teeth, are more often edentulous without using a denture, and have poorer denture hygiene than cognitively healthy persons.
Outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in New York City. The Pre-Hospital Arrest Survival Evaluation (PHASE) Study.

OBJECTIVE To determine survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in New York City and to compare this with other urban, suburban, and rural areas. DESIGN Observational cohort study. SETTING New York City. PARTICIPANTS Consecutive out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occurring between October 1, 1990, and April 1, 1991. INTERVENTION Trained paramedics performed immediate postarrest interviews with care providers, using a standardized questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Entry criteria, elapsed time intervals, and nodal events conformed to Utstein recommendations. The single target end point was death or discharge home. RESULTS Of 3243 consecutive cardiac arrests on which resuscitation was attempted, 2329 (72%) met entry criteria as primary cardiac events. Overall survival was 1.4% (99% confidence interval [CI], 0.9% to 2.3%). No patients were lost to follow-up. Survival from witnessed ventricular fibrillation was 5.3% (99% CI, 2.9% to 8.8%). Using survival from witnessed ventricular fibrillation for intersystem comparison, our survival rate was similar to that of Chicago, Ill (4.0%; 99% CI, 1.9% to 7.5%; P = .41), the only other large city on which data were available. However, it was significantly lower than that reported from midsized urban/suburban areas (33.0%; 99% CI, 30.4% to 35.6%; P < .0001) and suburban/rural areas (12.6%; 99% CI, 8.9% to 16.3%; P < .0001). Survival rate among arrests occurring after arrival of emergency medical services personnel (8.5%; 99% CI, 4.7% to 14.0%) was comparable with Chicago (6.6%; 99% CI, 3.3% to 11.5%; P = .41) but markedly lower than King County, Washington (36%; 99% CI, 28.6% to 43.8%; P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS Survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in New York City was poor. This was partly attributable to lengthy elapsed time intervals at every step in the chain of survival. However, examination of survival among arrests occurring after emergency medical services arrival suggests that other features may predispose residents of large cities to higher cardiac arrest mortality than individuals living in more suburban or rural settings. Since half the US population resides in large metropolitan areas, this represents a public health problem of considerable magnitude.
HIV Infection Among Partners of HIV-Infected Black Men Who Have Sex with Men — North Carolina, 2011–2013

The incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has significantly increased among black men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States, and young black MSM have been disproportionately affected. HIVinfected black MSM are also less likely to engage in HIV care and achieve viral suppression than MSM of other races/ethnicities. Engaging in care and achieving viral suppression is a multistep process that starts with diagnosis. Diagnosing persons unaware of their HIV status traditionally has been a critical component of HIV partner services, but partner services also provide an important opportunity to reengage HIVinfected partners in medical care. One approach for partner services involves contacting partners of persons with newly diagnosed HIV infection and using sexual and social network and molecular phylogenetic data to improve the continuum of HIV care among black MSM. To evaluate the effectiveness of that approach, results from a prospective partner services study conducted in North Carolina were examined, and one of the partner networks identified through this study was evaluated in depth. Overall, partner services were provided to 30 black, HIV-infected MSM who named 95 sex partners and social contacts, of whom 39 (41%) previously had been diagnosed with HIV infection. The partner network evaluation demonstrated that HIV-infected and HIV-negative partners were frequently in the same network, and that the majority of HIV-infected partners were already aware of their diagnosis but had not achieved viral suppression. Using partner services to ensure that HIV-infected partners are linked to care and treatment might reduce HIV transmission and might improve outcomes along the continuum of care.
The forced oscillation technique is a sensitive method for detecting obstructive airway disease in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome

Objectives: To study signs of obstructive airway disease (OAD) in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) using the forced oscillation technique (FOT). Method: Thirty-seven female pSS patients (median age 64, range 38–77 years) without previous physician-diagnosed OAD, participating in a longitudinal follow-up study of pulmonary function, and 74 female population-based controls (median age 64, range 47–77 years), also without physician-diagnosed OAD, and matched with regard to age, height, weight, and tobacco consumption, were included in the study. The pSS patients and controls were studied by the FOT, evaluating resistance and reactance of the respiratory system. Results: pSS patients had significantly increased resistances at 5–25 Hz, decreased reactance at 10–35 Hz, and an increased resonant frequency (Fres) in comparison with controls. Resistance was correlated negatively and reactance positively to the vital capacity (VC), the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO). Compared with controls, pSS patients with (n = 14) and without OAD (n = 21), as determined by spirometry, had significantly increased resistances at 5–25 Hz and decreased reactances at 10–35 Hz. In never-smoking subjects, identical FOT signs were found. Conclusions: pSS patients showed FOT signs of obstruction affecting both peripheral and central airways. pSS patients without spirometric signs of OAD and never-smoking pSS patients also showed clear FOT signs of obstruction. FOT therefore seems to be a sensitive method for detecting obstruction in pSS patients.
Measurement of pre-competition anxiety in women football players among universities of central zone of India

Introduction: All athletes experience anxious thoughts that so frequently occur in response to stress. These thoughts can cause athletes to react in a manner which can negatively affect their on-field performance. Objective: The aim of this study is to measure pre-competition anxiety (PCA) level in inter-university women football team of central zone. Methodology: Study design: Present study was a cross-sectional study and co relational study. Sample size: 55. Sex: Female. Number of teams: 3. Protocol: All participants completed SCAT (Sports Competition Anxiety Test) questionnaire for measuring pre-game anxiety. The teams were ranked according to their performance in the tournament. Statistics: Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS v21.0 software. Pearson coefficient of correlation test was used to measure the correlation between PCA and performance. Results: All teams had average level of anxiety (SCAT score lies between 13 and 26). There was a moderate negative correlation between PCA and performance (p<0.01). Conclusion: The present study supports that as the PCA level decreases the performance increases amongst national level inter-university football teams.
The Use of Children as Props in Political Campaign Advertising

This project explores the ways in which children are used in political campaign advertising. Analyzing 97 videos from the 2016 presidential and congressional elections, I coded for the types of children that appeared in campaign advertisements, in what ways they appear, and what messages they are used to convey. I then determined how this differed based on candidate characteristics. I found that girls tend to appear more often than boys, that advertisements feature white children more often than they feature non-white children, that blonde children are disproportionately represented in ads, and that this all varies by candidate and by candidate’s party. I also found that young children and adolescents appear more frequently than babies and teenagers, that the children featured are most often not related to the candidate, that children are generally featured with their parents more often than they are featured with the candidate, and that children very rarely speak in ads, which lends support to the idea that they are used as props. Introduction We have seen it dozens of times: a candidate kisses a stranger’s baby on the head and poses for a quick photo. It is so clichéd, yet what would a political campaign be without candidates pandering to families? “Baby kissing” is part of a larger phenomenon in political campaigning—the use of children as props. This has been a common trend throughout much of recent political history. Most people are familiar with the famous Lyndon B. Johnson “Daisy Spot,” which featured a little girl counting the petals on a daisy juxtaposed with a booming voice counting down to an atomic bomb explosion. More recently, Hillary Clinton’s powerful “Our Children Are Watching” commercial featured wide-eyed children watching Donald Trump make some of his most infamous comments on television. So many campaign commercials today depict candidates on playgrounds, though in reality it is seen as strange for a grown man or woman to casually go to a playground. Additionally, if a candidate has a family, it is common for him or her to introduce family members to the voters in an advertisement. Even candidates that do not have their own children use children in their campaign advertisements. For example, Ben Quayle ran for Congress in Arizona and published an advertisement that featured him with
Load and Voltage Balancing in Harmonic Power Flows by Means of Static VAr Compensators

In special applications, static VAr compensators (SVC) with thyristor controlled reactors (TCR) are used to balance unbalanced loads or to eliminate voltage unbalances at the terminals of the SVC. In both cases, load balancing and voltage balancing, the TCR can present a significant unbalanced behavior that produces important quantities of noncharacteristic harmonics. In this paper, the formulation and solution of the load and voltage balancing problems are developed for harmonic power flows obtained from a combination of two blocks: a conventional load flow (CLF) and an iterative harmonic analysis (IHA). In both blocks, the treatment of load and voltage balancing is described in detail. Load flow calculations and harmonic analysis show the presence of noncharacteristic harmonics in these two situations.
Mdm2 facilitates the association of p53 with the proteasome

The ubiquitin ligase Mdm2 targets the p53 tumor suppressor protein for proteasomal degradation. Mutating phosphorylation sites in the central domain of Mdm2 prevents p53 degradation, although it is still ubiquitylated, indicating that Mdm2 has a post-ubiquitylation function for p53 degradation. We show that Mdm2 associates with several subunits of the 19S proteasome regulatory particle in a ubiquitylation-independent manner. Mdm2 furthermore promotes the formation of a ternary complex of itself, p53, and the proteasome. Replacing phosphorylation sites within the central domain with alanines reduced the formation of the ternary complex. The C-terminus of Mdm2 was sufficient for interaction with the proteasome despite an additional proteasome binding site in the Mdm2 N-terminus. In addition to binding to the proteasome, the C-terminus of Mdm2 bound to the central domain, possibly competing with, and therefore blocking, Mdm2/proteasome interaction. We propose that Mdm2 facilitates, or at least enhances, the association of p53 with the proteasome and that phosphorylation of the central domain of Mdm2 regulates this process.
The Puzzle of Italian Rice Origin and Evolution: Determining Genetic Divergence and Affinity of Rice Germplasm from Italy and Asia

The characterization of genetic divergence and relationships of a set of germplasm is essential for its efficient applications in crop breeding and understanding of the origin/evolution of crop varieties from a given geographical region. As the largest rice producing country in Europe, Italy holds rice germplasm with abundant genetic diversity. Although Italian rice varieties and the traditional ones in particular have played important roles in rice production and breeding, knowledge concerning the origin and evolution of Italian traditional varieties is still limited. To solve the puzzle of Italian rice origin, we characterized genetic divergence and relationships of 348 rice varieties from Italy and Asia based on the polymorphisms of microsatellite fingerprints. We also included common wild rice O. rufipogon as a reference in the characterization. Results indicated relatively rich genetic diversity (H e = 0.63-0.65) in Italian rice varieties. Further analyses revealed a close genetic relationship of the Italian traditional varieties with those from northern China, which provides strong genetic evidence for tracing the possible origin of early established rice varieties in Italy. These findings have significant implications for the rice breeding programs, in which appropriate germplasm can be selected from a given region and utilized for transferring unique genetic traits based on its genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships.
Governance Arrangements for Adaptation to Climate Change

Adaptation to climate change is not only a technical issue; above all, it is a matter of governance. Governance is more than government and includes the totality of interactions in which public as well as private actors participate, aiming to solve societal problems. Adaptation governance poses some specific, demanding challenges, such as the context of institutional fragmentation, as climate change involves almost all policy domains and governance levels; the persistent uncertainties about the nature and scale of risks and proposed solutions; and the need to make short-term policies based on long-term projections. Furthermore, adaptation is an emerging policy field with, at least for the time being, only weakly defined ambitions, responsibilities, procedures, routines, and solutions. Many scholars have already shown that complex problems, such as adaptation to climate change, cannot be solved in a straightforward way with actions taken by a hierarchic or monocentric form of governance. This raises the question of how to develop governance arrangements that contribute to realizing adaptation options and increasing the adaptive capacity of society. A series of seven basic elements have to be addressed in designing climate adaptation governance arrangements: the framing of the problem, the level(s) at which to act, the alignment across sectoral boundaries, the timing of the policies, the selection of policy instruments, the organization of the science-policy interface, and the most appropriate form of leadership. For each of these elements, this chapter suggests some tentative design principles. In addition to effectiveness and legitimacy, resilience is an important criterion for evaluating these arrangements. The development of governance arrangements is always context- and time-specific, and constrained by the formal and informal rules of existing institutions.
Multiparametric MRI of the prostate: diagnostic performance and interreader agreement of two scoring systems.

OBJECTIVE To compare the diagnostic accuracies and interreader agreements of the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) v. 2 and University of California San Francisco (UCSF) multiparametric prostate MRI scale for diagnosing clinically significant prostate cancer. METHODS This institutional review board-approved retrospective study included 49 males who had 1.5 T endorectal MRI and prostatectomy. Two radiologists scored suspicious lesions on MRI using PI-RADS v. 2 and the UCSF scale. Percent agreement, 2 × 2 tables and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (Az) were used to assess and compare the individual and overall scores of these scales. Interreader agreements were estimated with kappa statistics. RESULTS Reader 1 (R1) detected 78 lesions, and Reader 2 (R2) detected 80 lesions. Both identified 52 of 65 significant cancers. The Az for PI-RADS v. 2 and UCSF scale for R1 were 0.68 and 0.69 [T2 weighted imaging (T2WI)], 0.75 and 0.68 [diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)] and 0.64 and 0.72 (overall score), respectively, and were 0.72 and 0.75 (T2WI), 0.73 and 0.67 (DWI) and 0.66 and 0.75 (overall score) for R2. The dynamic contrast-enhanced percent agreements between scales were 100% (R1) and 95% (R2). PI-RADS v. 2 DWI of R1 performed better than UCSF DWI (Az = 0.75 vs Az = 0.68; p = 0.05); no other differences were found. The interreader agreements were higher for PI-RADS v. 2 (T2WI: 0.56 vs 0.42; DWI: 0.60 vs 0.46; overall: 0.61 vs 0.42). The UCSF approach to derive the overall PI-RADS v. 2 scores increased the Az for the identification of significant cancer (R1 to 0.76, p < 0.05; R2 to 0.71, p = 0.35). CONCLUSION Although PI-RADS v. 2 DWI score may have a higher discriminatory performance than the UCSF scale counterpart to diagnose clinically significant cancer, the utilization of the UCSF scale weighing system for the integration of PI-RADS v. 2 individual parameter scores improved the accuracy its overall score. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE PI-RADS v. 2 is moderately accurate for the identification of clinically significant prostate cancer, but the utilization of alternative approaches to derive the overall PI-RADS v. 2 score, including the one used by the UCSF system, may improve its diagnostic accuracy.