Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Group Selection and Assortative Interactions

Natural selection at all levels requires heritable phenotypic variation among units. At the group level, variation is often increased by reproduction coupled with limited dispersal, which forms the basis of kin selection and traditional group selection models. Assortative interactions are another possible mechanism for creating variation among groups that has received less attention. We present a series of models in which altruism is a continuously varying trait and individuals are free to choose their associates, based on information that is acquired through experience, observation, or cultural transmission. Assortative interactions can generate highly nonrandom variation among groups, favoring the evolution of altruism and other group-level adaptations among genealogically unrelated individuals. Altruism can evolve even when the initial phenotypic variation in altruism is not heritable, a form of genetic assimilation. The importance of assortative interactions depends in part on cognitive abilities that allow the phenotypes of social partners to be assessed. The minimal cognitive prerequisites are likely to be found in many species. The most cognitively sophisticated species, such as humans, might be highly group selected despite low genealogical relatedness among interacting individuals.
Estimation and Prediction of Metabolizable Energy Contents of Wheat Bran for Poultry

The biological procedure used to determine the nitrogen-corrected True Metabolizable Energy (TMEn) value of feed ingredient is costly and time consuming. Therefore, it is necessary to find an alternative method to accurately estimate the TMEn content. In this study, 2 methods of Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) were developed to describe the TMEn (Kcal kg DM) value on a Dry Matter (DM) basis of Wheat Bran (WB) samples given their chemical composition of Ether Extract (EE), ash, Crude Protein (CP) and Crude Fiber (CF) contents (all used as % of DM). A data set containing 100 WB samples were used to determine chemical composition and TMEn. Accuracy and precision of the developed models were evaluated given their produced prediction values. The results revealed that the developed ANN model [R= 0.90; Root Mean Square Error (RMSE)= 64.07 Kcal kg DM for training set; and R= 0.89; RMSE= 82.69 Kcal kg DM for testing set] produced relatively better prediction values of TMEn in WB than those produced by conventional MLR [R= 0.81; RMSE= 86.76 Kcal kg DM for training set; and R= 0.84; RMSE= 86.61 Kcal kg DM for testing set]. The developed ANN model may be considered as a promising tool for modeling the relationship between chemical composition and energy of WB samples. To provide the users with an easy and rapid tool, an Excel calculator, namely, ANN_WB_ME_Poultry, was created to predict the TMEn values in WB sample given its chemical composition and using the developed ANN model.
Customers’ attitudes towards online shopping

Online shopping due to increasing Internet usage is gaining high importance. The Internet user base and the share of online buying population are growing. The paper presents partial findings of the research focused on online shopping in the Czech Republic conducted by the Department of Marketing in 2012. It examines the relationship between customers (Internet users) and online shopping as well as the impact of their demographics (age and income in particular) on their perceptions and attitudes towards online shopping by applying a multiattribute model that has also been used in brand image studies.
Antioxidant activity of Eucalyptus globulus Labill root extracts

E. globulus is used in folk medicine to treat various diseases. This study investigated the antioxidant activity of ethanol (EtE), ethylacetate (EaE) and aqueous (AqE) root extracts of E. globulus by measuring its DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging, H2O2 scavenging, reducing power and metal chelating activities. EtE showed the highest DPPH (IC50 = 15.80µg/mL), ABTS (IC50 = 41.87µg/mL) and reducing power (IC50 = 8.41µg/mL). AqE demonstrated the best H2O2 activity (IC50 = 18.10µg/mL), while EaE exhibited the best metal chelating ability (IC50 = 13.52µg/mL). Total phenolics and flavonoids were highest in EtE. These results indicate that E. globulus roots can be used as an alternative source of natural antioxidants with the potential to reduce oxidative stress related diseases.
Biogenesis of mitochondria in parasitic protist Trypanosoma brucei

2 1. Introduction . 3 2. Trypanosomes . 5 2.1. Phylogenetic position . 5 2.2. Trypanosoma brucei . 6 2.3. Trypanosoma brucei cell biology . 7 2.4. T. brucei as a molecular biology model . 9 3. Mitochondria . 10 3.1. Mitochondrial membrane . 10 3.2. Mitochondrial energy metabolism . 11 3.2.1. Tricarboxylic acid cycle . 11 3.2.2. Fatty acid biosynthesis. 14 3.2.3. Oxidative phosphorylation . 15 3.3. Protein translocation . 18 3.3.1. Mitochondrial targeting sequences . 18 3.3.2. Mitochondrial protein import complexes . 21 3.3.3. Mitochondrial processing peptidases. 26 4. Iron . 28 4.1. Iron import . 28 4.2. Iron-sulfur clusters . 29 4.3. Heme metabolism . 33 5. Aims . 35 6. References . 36 7. List of publications and author contribution . 53 7.1. Publication 1: Mach et al., 2013 . 54 7.2. Publication 2: Mach et al., 2013 . 55 7.3. Publication 3: Štáfková et al., 2016 . 56 8. Conclusions . 57 8.1. Processing of N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequences . 57 8.2. Mitochondrial pyruvate transporter . 58 8.3. Iron uptake in procyclic T. brucei . 59
Aplicação foliar de manganês em soja transgênica tolerante ao glyphosate

The yellowing of Roundup Ready soybean after glyphosate application, can be associated to a momentary manganese deficiency. Because of that, with the hypothesis that glyphosate tolerant soybean would need supplementary addition of manganese, the objective of this research was to evaluate different managements in the foliar application of manganese in some soybean parameters. It was developed two experiments, one at Taquarucu do Sul and other at Boa Vista das Missoes, RS in the year of 2009/2010. It was tested the following treatments: 1) without glyphosate application with manual weed control and without manganese foliar application (untreated check); 2) without glyphosate application with manual weed control and one manganese foliar application at 7 days after this manual weed control; 3) with glyphosate application and without manganese foliar application; 4) glyphosate application in mixture with manganese; 5) glyphosate application added of one manganese foliar application at 7 days after glyphosate application; 6) glyphosate application added of manganese foliar application split in two times, at 7 and 14 days after glyphosate application; 7) glyphosate application and one of manganese foliar application at 14 days after glyphosate application. The glyphosate application was realized in the V5 soybean stage, using 720g L-1 i.e, while the used dose of Mn was 2.0L ha-1 of a formulation with 14% (m/v) of Mn. There were no significant difference among the treatments to plant height and height insertion of the first legume. The glyphosate application did not affect the absorption and the foliar amount of manganese and nitrogen in soybean crop. Even with the increase in foliar manganese amount, there was no increasing in soybean productivity. This shows that in soils with Mn levels above of the sufficient, it is not necessary foliar manganese addition in genetically modified soybean tolerant to glyphosate.
Sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infestations and the productivity of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in the Broughton Archipelago, British Columbia, Canada

The spread of salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) from salmon farms may threaten some wild salmon populations. Infestations of wild juvenile pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) have been associated with high mortality and population decline. Using stock–recruit data for pink salmon from the central coast of British Columbia, we analyzed how fishing mortality and spatial covariation combine with louse infestation to affect pink salmon population dynamics. The results indicate substantial coherence in survival at nested spatial scales — large-scale regional covariation and smaller scale covariation within management areas. Populations exposed to salmon farms (those from the Broughton Archipelago) show a sharp decline in productivity during sea lice infestations relative to pre-infestation years. Unexposed populations (comprising four management areas) did not experience a change in productivity during infestation years and had similar productivity to exposed populations before infestations. Our results s.
Prevalence of human cell material on public objects

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Teacher Competence and Equity in the Nordic Countries. Mediation and moderation of the relation between SES and achievement

The Nordic countries are known to have small differences between schools, and educational policies that promote equity. However, there are indications that in many Nordic countries, the influence of students’ socio-economic status (SES) on achievement, has increased over the last decades. To promote equity, there is need to identify factors that may reduce this strong relation. Teacher competence (TC) is the foundation of instruction and learning, and studies from the US and Germany have shown that competent teachers may reduce the strong influence of students’ home background on achievement. However, few studies have investigated the relation between TC and equity in Nordic countries. This study investigates whether TC may mediate and/or moderate the relation between SES and achievement in these countries. Analyses of TIMSS grade 8 data from Norway, Sweden and Finland (N = 13 345 students) were conducted using multi-group, multi-level mediation and moderation structural equation models. Results across the three Nordic countries show that only in Norway were some aspects of TC (specialization in mathematics, and self-efficacy in mathematical pedagogical content knowledge and mathematical content knowledge) associated with higher levels of equity. In all three countries, there were indications of unequal distributions of competent teachers to high-SES schools. These findings could have implications for educational policy and are discussed in light of the context and previous research in each country.
The Role of Linguistics in Veracity Evaluation

Although the issue of veracity of statements in forensic contexts arises from evidence given in language, an appreciable share of applied professional linguistics in the practical process of veracity evaluation hardly exists. The article aims to provide a survey of key theoretical and methodological issues in the field of veracity evaluation from the linguistic point of view – a currently popular field where fast results are expected and a lot of publicity is to be gained. The article starts out by looking at the very notion of “truth” and what can happen to it on the way from real-life experience to a verbal report. It then gives an overview of psychological and other approaches to verifying the truth or otherwise of verbal reports. These approaches variously include linguistic cues in their lists of diagnostic features. Dissatisfaction with and inconsistency of the results of psychological tests is partly due to a lack of professional sophistication in defining linguistic cues, as well as a disregard for the role of genres in determining normality expectations for the occurrence of linguistic cues. The paper argues for the inclusion of linguistic cues on a systematic basis, as well as for the further refinement and sophistication in the definition and application of linguistic categories in psychological tools of analysis. Cite as: Nicklaus & Stein , JLL 9 (2020), 23–47, DOI: 10.14762/jll.2020. 023
Effects of Low-Level Chronic Irradiation of Chinook and Coho Salmon Eggs and Alevins

Abstract Chinook and coho salmon eggs were subjected to about 0.5 roentgen per day of the gamma radiation from cobalt-60 from shortly after fertilization until the alevins swam, resulting in a total dose to the chinooks of from 33 to 37 roentgens and to the cohos of 40 roentgens. Irradiated, and similarly treated but unirradiated controls, were compared for survival, growth, vertebral numbers and anomalies, opercular defects, and sex ratios. Significant differences were observed only in the more frequent occurrence of opercular defects among irradiated than among control coho salmon smolt. In some phases of growth the controls and in others the irradiated groups showed superiority without a discernible pattern. As late as the time of release of the smolt for their seaward migration, little if any difference appeared between experimental and control groups. Differences will be sought in the F1 generation from these fish.
Clinical Features and Management of Eosinophilic Asthma

Asthma is a complex chronic airway disease with several distinct phenotypes with different immunopathological pathways, clinical presentation, physiology, cormobidities, biomarker of allergic inflammation, and response to treatment [1-4]. There are several distinct proposed asthma phenotypes, such as childhood-ons et al. lergic asthma, adult-onset eosinophilic asthma,neutrophilic asthma, exercise-induced asthma (EIA), obesity-related asthma, and aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) [5-7]. Severe asthma represents about 5-10% of patients with asthma, and about 50% of these patients present with eosinophilic asthma [8-10]. The guidelines on the definition, evaluation and treatment of severe refractory asthma including eosinophilic asthma are given in detail by thethe American Thoracic Society (ATS) [11], and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) [12]. Severe asthma is defined by the joint ERS/ATS according to the following criteria [12]:
KEANEKARAGAMAN GENETIK KAPULASAN [NEPHELIUM RAMBOUTAN-AKE (LABILL.) LEENH.] DI JAWA BERDASARKAN MARKA SSR DAN ISSR

Nina Ratna Djuita, Alex Hartana, Tatik Chikmawati, Dorly. 2020. Genetic Diversity of Pulasan [Nephelium ramboutan-ake (Labill.) Leenh. ] of Java Based on SSR and ISSR Markers. Floribunda 6(4): 117–126. — Pulasan is one of the potential local fruits to be developed. This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of pulasan of Java using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) and Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers and to obtain information whether primers of the markers could be used to distinguish male and her-maphrodite plants. The results showed that two primers in the SSR markers and seven primers in the ISSR markers produced polymorphic bands. The genomic DNA of the pulasan amplified with SSR markers produced bands 140–500 bp, while those from the ISSR markers were 150–1500 bp. The population of pulasan in Babakan Madang has the highest genetic diversity, while that of Patean is the lowest. Genetic variation of pulasan based on SSR and ISSR markers in the population and among populations have different compositions. Variation in the population is 72% while among the population is 28%. Primers of LML Y6 and LML Y12 from SSR markers and primers of ISSR 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 cannot be used to distinguish male and hermaphrodite pulasan plants. Nina Ratna Djuita, Alex Hartana, Tatik Chikmawati, Dorly. 2020. Keanekaragaman Genetik Kapulasan [Nephelium ramboutan-ake (Labill.) Leenh. ] di Jawa Berdasarkan Marka SSR dan ISSR. Floribunda 6(4): 117–126. — Kapulasan merupakan salah satu buah lokal yang potensial untuk dikembangkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keanekaragaman genetik kapulasan di Jawa dengan menggunakan marka Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) dan Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) serta untuk mendapatkan informasi apakah primer dari marka tersebut dapat dipakai untuk membedakan tumbuhan jantan dan hermafrodit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dua primer pada marka SSR dan tujuh primer pada marka ISSR menghasilkan pita polimorfik. DNA genom kapulasan yang diamplifikasi dengan marka SSR menghasilkan pita-pita dengan ukuran 110–500 bp, sedangkan dari marka ISSR berukuran 150–1500 bp. Populasi kapulasan di Babakan Madang mempunyai keanekaragaman genetik paling tinggi, sedangkan populasi di Patean paling rendah. Variasi genetik kapulasan berdasarkan marka SSR dan ISSR di dalam populasi dan di antara populasi mempunyai komposisi yang berbeda. Variasi di dalam populasi sebesar 72 % sedangkan di antara populasi sebesar 28%. Primer LML Y6 dan LML Y12 dari marka SSR dan primer ISSR 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 tidak dapat digunakan untuk membedakan tumbuhan kapulasan jantan dan hermafrodit.
Characterisation of three temperate phages released from the same Lactobacillus paracasei commercial strain

Lysogeny entails more economical and technological risks in probiotic Lactobacillus casei/paracasei bacteria than in other lactic acid bacteria, due to economic value. Lysogeny is widely spread among L. casei/paracasei strains. Siphophages C L 1 and C L 2, isolated from noninfected lysed-cultures of commercial L. paracasei A, are thermoresistant, have identical host spectrum, latent and burst times, whereas burst sizes are 148 and 85, respectively. Mitomycin C induction of L. paracasei A yielded prophage iA2, whose presence was confirmed on the strain genome and whose restriction patterns differed from phages C L 1 and C L 2. The latter shared several restriction fragments, probably indicating a common origin.
A multiscale methodological approach for monitoring the effectiveness of grassland management

Conservation treatments often take place at the scale of vegetation stands and affect within-stand heterogeneity and coexistence patterns of species first. Therefore, it is important to capture changes in these characteristics of vegetation to assess response to treatments early. We propose a method based on Juhasz-Nagy’s information theory models, which is capable of describing fine-scale spatial structure of plant communities and characterizes temporal processes as a function of spatial pattern. The proposed multiscale approach handles structural complexity and its dependence on spatial scales with the help of a few coenological descriptors and helps to reveal how fine-scale vegetation pattern affects dynamics. The information statistical functions used in our study (species combination diversity, FD and associatum, As ) characterize the scale-dependent variability of multispecies coexistence (structural complexity) and multispecies spatial dependence (the degree of spatial organization). The maxima of .
Bacterial quorum sensing: a new target for anti-infective immunotherapy

Background: Cell-to-cell communication via exchange of small molecules, ‘autoinducers’, is a widespread phenomenon among Gram-negative and -positive bacteria. This intercellular signaling that synchronizes population-wide gene expression in a cell-density-dependent manner is termed ‘quorum sensing’ (QS). The discovery that Gram-negative bacteria employ non-peptide structures, N-acyl homoserine lactones, to globally regulate production of secondary metabolites and proteins, initiated a new area of research. Subsequently, other quorum-sensing systems and small signaling molecules were identified. With the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, most prominently methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, new approaches for combating infections are needed. Inhibition of QS results in attenuation of virulence rather than direct killing of microbes. Objective: We highlight current trends in preventing bacterial infections using quorum-quenching strategies. Methods: We mainly focus on P. aeruginosa and S. aureus and their QS systems as targets for intervention. Results/conclusion: New research strongly suggests that QS systems represent attractive targets for discovery of novel anti-infective agents, including immunotherapeutic strategies.
Carbon isotope discrimination as a tracer of functional traits in a mediterranean macchia plant community

Characterising functional plant groups with simple robust parameters of structural and functional traits is an important tool in ecological research. The reliability of carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) as an indicator of functional types was assessed in a highly diverse mediterranean macchia comprising drought semi-deciduous malacophylls, evergreen sclerophylls and a gymnosperm. Pronounced differences in Δ13C of 4‰ occurred: semi-deciduous species (Cistus sp. L.) showed the highest and the gymnosperm (Juniperus sp. L.) the lowest Δ13C (20.3 ± 0.5‰ and 16.2 ± 0.18‰, respectively). Across all studied species, Δ13C was correlated with (i) phenology (length of growing period) and (ii) leaf structure (leaf mass and N per area). The correlation of Δ13C with leaf water potentials, an indicator of drought stress, was species-specific and only 6 out of 11 species exhibited a significant relationship. Thus, leaf phenology governs seasonal responsiveness of Δ13C to drought, which constrains its applicability as an indicator of water use efficiency, particularly in evergreen species with short growing periods. Principal components analysis indicated the robustness of Δ13C for the classification of functional groups yielding similar results based on multiple leaf traits or solely on Δ13C. Hence Δ13C provides an ecological tracer of different functional types, integrating structural, functional and phenological attributes.
Caracterização de estirpes de Ralstonia solanacearum isoladas de plantas de batata com murcha bacteriana, por PCR-Rep e RAPD

Considered one of the most important potato (Solanum tuberosum) pathogens in tropical and subtropical regions, as well as in temperate regions with warmer climate, Ralstonia solanacearum is a species with significant genetic diversity. It has been characterized in a binary system of races and biovars based on the range of host species and on the ability to use carbon sources. The attempts to use genetic resistance as a strategy to control R. solanacearum were shown to be unstable due to climatic changes in different regions and due to the variability of the pathogenic strains. Due to different epidemiological characteristics of the biovars, strains of biovar 2 are more likely to be eradicated in an integrated control system. In a survey performed in four regions where potato is produced in Rio Grande do Sul, isolates of R. solanacearum were obtained from 25 crop fields in ten municipalities. The biochemical analyses of the isolates revealed the occurrence of biovars 1 and 2, the latter being predominant. The isolates obtained were evaluated for their genetic variability by PCR, using repetitive sequences ERIC and BOX and random primers (RAPD). The PCR-ERIC and BOX were able to clearly differentiate the biovars 1 and 2. However, neither analysis was able to demonstrate variability among isolates of biovar 2 and only PCR-BOX showed some degree of variability among isolates of biovar 1. The amplification by RAPD demonstrates the distinction between the biovars and revealed that they show characteristic profiles that are closely related to the region where they were obtained.