Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CEO inside debt and corporate social responsibility

The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the relation between incentives from CEO inside debt (deferred compensation and pension benefits) and corporate social responsibility (CSR). ,Instrumental variable (IV-GMM) regressions are used to estimate the relation between CEO inside debt and CSR. ,The results of this paper indicate that CEOs with large inside debt tend to invest more in CSR. Analysis of CSR strengths and concerns supports this finding and shows that CEO inside debt is significantly positively (negatively) associated with CSR strengths (concerns). Further tests indicate that CEO inside debt exerts a positive and significant effect on all five dimensions of social performance (diversity, community, product, employee relations and environment). ,The results of this study are based on US corporations. Future research should investigate if these results hold for firms in other countries in order to better our understanding of the relation between CEO inside debt and CSR. ,CEOs use CSR as a risk management strategy to reduce corporate risk in order to protect the value of their inside debt. ,The results in this paper provide a practical tool to boards of corporations to increase investment in CSR. The results suggest that boards can encourage CEOs to invest in CSR by increasing incentives from inside debt. ,This study contributes to the literature that examines the relation between inside debt and CSR by showing that CEO inside debt exerts a positive impact on CSR.
Histopathological Variants of Hepatocellular Carcinomas: an Update According to the 5th Edition of the WHO Classification of Digestive System Tumors

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is heterogeneous in pathogenesis, phenotype and biological behavior. Various histopathological features of HCC had been sporadically described, and with the identification of common molecular alterations of HCC and its genomic landscape over the last decade, morpho-molecular correlation of HCC has become possible. As a result, up to 35% of HCCs can now be classified into histopathological variants, many of which have unique molecular characteristics. This review will provide an introduction to the variously described histopathological variants of HCC in the updated WHO Classification of Digestive System Tumors.
Membranous rupture in relation to c-reactive protein

The aim of the study was to prediction of sub rupture of membranes (PPROM) and preterm labour. Maternal and cord blood for C (CRP) sensitivity as a confirmative test for sub with PPROM as study group and 30 pregnant of same gestat in labour. All submitted to CRP test, high vaginal swab, placental swab for C/S and cord blood for CRP. CRP positive in study group 18 cases (60%) and control group 8 cases (36.6%) for urine C/S in study group was 11 positive in study group 8 cases (27.3%) and in control group 3 cases (10%), CRP test, urine for C/S and high the vag. for C/S were statistically not significant CRP test sensitivity was 78% and specificity was 62.5% So CRP test can used as screening test for infection. Introduction: Preterm pre labour rupture of membranes (PPROM) mean rupture of fetal membranes after 24 weeks gestation and before 37 completed weeks or 259 completed days of gestation. Preterm birth: mean birth occurs before 37 completed weeks or 259 completed days of gestation. It is a leading cause of infant death and several contributing mechanisms to this morbidity have been identified over the past 10 years Macdonald Gant, 2000). It is obvious that seve involved in the pathogenesis of preterm birth, which may explain why it has proved so difficult to predict and prevent, the too early activation of the fetal hypothalamic adrenal axis may result from maternal psychosocial or fet physiological stress. Such physiological fetal stress may in turn be a consequence of microbial invasion of fetal membranes, amniotic fluid and the fetus itself. The critical mediator of stress-induced preterm birth appear to be corticotrophin releasing hormone. It stimulates the production of prostaglandins by cells in the amnion, placenta, chorion and utrine deciduas (Staffan Bergstrom, 2003). membranes "chorioamnionitis" is a cause of preterm labour in 10-20% of cases with intact membranes, this figure is higher if labour fallows preterm pre labour rupture of Membranes. Pathophysiology: Preterm parturition due to infection is initiated by security products resulting from monocyte activation cytokines including interleukin I.
The animal breeding act as a strategy and instrument in streamlining animal breeding activities in Uganda.

INTRODUCTION In Uganda, just like in any other developing country, the dominant issues relate to reducing under nutrition, enhancing food security, combating rural poverty and achieving rates and patterns of agricultural growth that would contribute to overall economic development (FAO, 1995). It has been realised that increasing productivity per animal through improved management and exploiting the genetic potential is the most feasible alternative to meet the increasing demand for livestock products in the country. However, results of breeding activities in the past have not been satisfactory. Just like in many developing countries, the root cause of such anomalies is lack of well planned and executed breeding programmes exacerbated by no provision of a stable public sector enabling policy. Under its overall policy of modernisation of agriculture, Uganda has recognised a need for a coherent and comprehensive animal breeding policy to guide all stakeholders in the improvement and conservation of animal genetic resources. In 1997, the first ever National Animal Breeding Policy in the country was put in place. It is backed up by an institutional and legal framework in form of the Animal Breeding Act. It is hoped that such an undertaking will assist the country in streamlining breeding activities and take advantage of benefits which accrue from well planned and executed breeding plans in an enabling policy environment.
Catastrophic Risk from Rapid Developments in Artificial Intelligence

This article describes important possible scenarios in which rapid advances in artificial intelligence (AI) pose multiple risks, including to democracy and for inter-state conflict. In parallel with other countries, New Zealand needs policies to monitor, anticipate and mitigate global catastrophic and existential risks from advanced new technologies. A dedicated policy capacity could translate emerging research and policy options into the New Zealand context. It could also identify how New Zealand could best contribute to global solutions. It is desirable that the potential benefits of AI are realised, while the risks are also mitigated to the greatest extent possible.
Coronavirus and Environmental Engineering Science

The ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease resulting from the emergence of the virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) is a matter of major global concern and threatens to rival consequences from the 1918 to 1919 influenza outbreak. Although this has resulted in a rapid mobilization of resources from the medical and public health communities, there are major roles to play for those of us in environmental engineering and science (EES). EES researchers and practitioners have strong quantitative skills in describing how contaminants move from sources (infected individuals), transport and decay in the environment (in the air, on fomites), and ultimately result in exposure to a receptor (susceptible individual). In the context of bioaerosols such as SARS-COV-2, source terms of the generated airborne particles themselves can be characterized (Tang et al., 2013; Yan et al., 2018; Lee et al., 2019). In a general sense, factors that influence persistence of viruses in airborne particles in the indoor environment are known (Marr et al., 2019). Larger airborne particles (often called ‘‘droplets’’ in the epidemiologic literature) can be directly deposited on sensitive sites on the receptor (nose, eye, and mouth), whereas smaller particles that remain suspended in air for longer periods can be inhaled. Dynamics of indoor airborne particles containing biological materials are well known (Nazaroff, 2014). Breaking data indicate that decay rates of the SARS-COV-2 virus are similar to those of the SARS virus (van Doremalen et al., 2020). Larger airborne particles can deposit on surfaces where the contained viruses persist for hours to days (Casanova et al., 2010; van Doremalen et al., 2020)—these are called fomites. With the SARS outbreak, fomites were a route of transmission (Xiao et al., 2017). Analyses of the fomite to hand to (eye, mouth, and nose) pathway are necessary to assess significance. But this is akin to multi-path exposure calculations done in other realms of EES. Given exposure, health risk can be assessed using the standard concepts of risk assessment applied to microorganisms; quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) has been practiced for *40 years (Haas et al., 2014). For aerosols, size-specific corrections for retention can be made (Teske et al., 2014). With both SARS (Watanabe et al., 2010) and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (Adhikari et al., 2019), QMRA has been shown to be useful. There are a number of engineering interventions that might be useful in risk reduction, including air filtration, ventilation, and inactivation (such as by ultraviolet light). The mentioned tools should be familiar in the toolbox of EES. Applied to the present global pandemic, EES researchers and practitioners must not be timid in applying them to effect restoration and improvement of the publics’ health.
Starch retrogradation: a comprehensive review

Starch retrogradation is a process in which disaggregated amylose and amylopectin chains in a gelatinized starch paste reassociate to form more ordered structures. Starch retrogradation has been the subject of intensive research over the last 50 years, mainly due to its detrimental effect on the sensory and storage qualities of many starchy foods. However, starch retrogadation is desirable for some starchy food products in terms of textural and nutritional properties. To better understand the effect of starch retrogradation on the quality of starchy foods, measurement methods of starch retrogradation and factors that influence starch retrogradation have been studied extensively. This article provides a comprehensive review of starch retrogradation including the definition of the process, molecular mechanisms of how it occurs, and measurement methods and factors that influence starch retrogradation. The review also discusses the effect of retrogradation on the in vitro enzyme digestibility of starch. Spectroscopic methods such as FTIR and Raman are considered to be very promising in characterizing starch retrogradation at a molecular level, although more studies are needed in the future.
Identifying the Types and Impact of Service Provider’s Responses to Online Negative Reviews in the Sharing Economy: Evidence from B&Bs in China

Online consumer complaints are closely related to business reputation and elicit managers’ persistent efforts. However, service providers in the sharing economy (SE) lack the skills to communicate with consumers because most are informal or nonprofessional property owners. This research aims to examine the relationship between service providers’ responses and prospective consumers’ perceived helpfulness in the SE by using bed and breakfasts (B&B) as the sample. Response length and voice are adopted to measure the content quality of B&B’s response to an online complaint. Three types of voices (defensive, formalistic, and accommodative) are identified by analyzing service providers’ responses to negative reviews, among which the accommodative voice with empathic statements is the most effective. An inverted-U curve relationship between response length and helpfulness votes is verified based on cognitive load theory. Moreover, interactive effects between response length, review length, and images are also examined. This study suggests the investigation of online reviews from comprehensive perspectives, as well as the adoption of personalized strategies by SE practitioners to respond to consumer complaints.
Intellectual Capital As the Driver of Company Performance at the Most Admired Knowledge Enterprise

This research aim is to examine the effect of intellectual capital on company performance. This research reveals a hidden factor to causes a gap between market value and book value. The hidden factor is identified as intellectual capital measured by value added intellectual coefficient. The independent variables are human capital efficiency, structural capital efficiency, and capital employed efficiency as the proxy of intellectual value added. Company performance is the dependent variable, proxied by asset. The study population are companies nominated as Most Admired Knowledge Enterprises and listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange. Based on target population, there are 64 samples. The result found that human capital efficiency and capital employed efficiency affects company performance. Adversely, structural capital efficiency does not affect company performance.
Oxidative stress and the newborn

Oxidative stress is the final common endpoint for a complex convergence of events and implies that the production of prooxidant free radical species exceeds the capacity of cells within an organ to neutralize or scavenge them. Small amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are necessary to normal cell homeostasis and metabolism through their action as signaling molecules. However, overproduction of ROS as a result of tissue hypoxia – caused by hypoxemia, hypoperfusion, and/or ischemia-reperfusion is responsible for oxidative damage to biological macromolecules, such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and DNA, thus having a wide range of toxic biological effects. Therefore, they can participate in the mechanisms of many diseases. In this issue of the Journal of Pediatric Biochemistry we have underwent a review of the basic aspects about the main ROS produced in body metabolism and the mechanisms of antioxidant defense. Oxidative stress can occur early in pregnancy and continue until the first days of life.  Due to the importance of ROS in critical periods of development the role of oxidative stress in intrauterine life and delivery has also been reviewed. Placental antioxidant defenses have a crucial role to mitigate the effects of highly reactive and potentially damaging radicals physiologically produced during gestation and healthy placental function is critical for optimal growth and development of the fetus. Biological plausibility and
Identifying Hydrogeochemical Conditions for Fault Self‐Sealing in Geological 
 CO2 Storage

Injection of anthropogenic CO2 into a subsurface reservoir will significantly impact the geochemistry, porosity, and permeability of the reservoir. If a fault or fracture penetrates the reservoir, CO2 ‐enriched brine may migrate into that fault, eventually sealing it via precipitation or opening it up via dissolution. The goal of this study was to identify and quantify such conditions of fault self‐sealing or self‐enhancing. We found the Damköhler number ( Da ) provides a meaningful framework for characterizing the propensity of (fault) systems to seal or open up. We tailored a spatiotemporally varying Da framework and applied it to simplified fault models with eight conditions derived from four geologic compositions and two reservoir conditions. The four geologic compositions were chosen such that three of them were representative of distinct geologic end‐members (sandstone, mudstone, and dolomitic limestone) and one was a mixed composition based on an average of three end‐member compositions. The two sets of P ‐ T conditions chosen included one for CO2 in a gaseous phase (“shallow conditions”) and the other for supercritical phase CO2 (“deep conditions”). Simulation results suggest that fault sealing via carbonate precipitation was a possibility for shallow conditions within limestone and mixed composition settings. The concentration of cations in the water was found to be an important control on the carbonate precipitation. A key conclusion suggested by the results of this study is that carbonate precipitation in the near‐surface (top 50–100 m) depths of a fault is the most likely mechanism of “self‐sealing” for most geological settings.
Bringing men in from the margins: Father‐inclusive practices for the delivery of parenting interventions

While there is a growing body of international work on barriers to engaging fathers in child and family services, there is limited research on factors that promote father engagement. In this article, we draw on case study data from the Australian Baby Makes 3 program (BM3) to explore factors that promote father engagement in parenting support programs. Our analysis shows single-gender group work supported father engagement. BM3’s father group work provided a safe space in the parenting support context where men could form intimate connections with other fathers and talk openly about their parenting experiences without fear of criticism from partners. These findings suggest that men often feel silenced and marginalised in the parenting sphere.
ELECTRONIC SIMULATION OF THE DYNAMICS OF EVOLVING BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS.

Abstract : A bionic investigation and modeling of organic evolution is described. The project was undertaken to provide a deeper understanding of the adaptive processes involved in organic evolution. Of particular interest was a comparison of self-organizing processes in evolutionary systems and analogous processes in trainable logical networks. The biological prototype for the model is the feral house mouse (Mus musculus) as it exists in semi-isolated populations in the southwestern United States. Special emphasis is given to a balanced lethal genetic system known to exist in the species. Using Monte Carlo techniques, the model simulates, for each individual, such events as the probability of survival, migration, mating, reproduction, mutation, genetic segregation, and natural selection. Implementation of the model on a digital computer is described. Results of experiments performed with the model show that the model behaves in a manner highly analogous to both the biological prototype and to certain aspects of trainable logical networks. Implications and theoretical investigations of the work for future developments in machine intelligence are discussed. (Author)
Characterizing Variations in the Indoor Temperature and Humidity of Guest Rooms with an Occupancy-Based Climate Control Technology

This paper characterizes variations in the indoor temperature and humidity profiles of actual guest rooms equipped with Occupancy-Based Climate Control (OBCC) systems that were used to initiate a temperature setback to 15.6 °C in the winter and to 26.7 °C in the summer in the guest rooms. Empirical knowledge of these conditions can provide useful insights for an improved field demonstration and optimization of OBCC, as well as for a more realistic temperature and occupancy input for building simulations for hotel guest rooms. As a result, one year of one minute temperatures and humidity data was characterized against outdoor climate for three different occupancy modes, which was useful to identify the observed room-to-room variations in heat losses and resultant indoor temperatures during the heating season due to the different dynamic heat balance conditions of the guest rooms. This indicated potential discomfort in the rooms that appeared to have a stronger association between outdoor and indoor temperatures, which was also identified from the thermal comfort survey indicating thermostat-related discomfort sources. Interestingly enough, the guests who stayed in these rooms tended to set their thermostat at higher setpoint temperatures when they occupied the room, which appeared to compensate for the low balance-point temperatures of these rooms.
Prediction of Metabolic Syndrome in a Mexican Population Applying Machine Learning Algorithms

Metabolic syndrome is a health condition that increases the risk of heart diseases, diabetes, and stroke. The prognostic variables that identify this syndrome have already been defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), the National Cholesterol Education Program Third Adult Treatment Panel (ATP III) as well as by the International Diabetes Federation. According to these guides, there is some symmetry among anthropometric prognostic variables to classify abdominal obesity in people with metabolic syndrome. However, some appear to be more sensitive than others, nevertheless, these proposed definitions have failed to appropriately classify a specific population or ethnic group. In this work, we used the ATP III criteria as the framework with the purpose to rank the health parameters (clinical and anthropometric measurements, lifestyle data, and blood tests) from a data set of 2942 participants of Mexico City Tlalpan 2020 cohort, applying machine learning algorithms. We aimed to find the most appropriate prognostic variables to classify Mexicans with metabolic syndrome. The criteria of sensitivity, specificity, and balanced accuracy were used for validation. The ATP III using Waist-to-Height-Ratio (WHtR) as an anthropometric index for the diagnosis of abdominal obesity achieved better performance in classification than waist or body mass index. Further work is needed to assess its precision as a classification tool for Metabolic Syndrome in a Mexican population.
Design of patch antenna with polarization control module to achieve broad 3‐dB gain bandwidth over entire AR range

This article proposes a novel patch antenna using a polarization control module to achieve a broad matching bandwidth and broad 3‐dB gain bandwidth over the entire axial ratio (AR) range. The proposed antenna consists of a shorted radiating patch, an L‐shaped indirect feed, and a polarization control module that can adjust AR properties over the entire AR range (−1 < AR < 1) with a broad 3‐dB gain bandwidth for use in various practical applications. The measured results demonstrate that the proposed antenna can adjust the polarization properties with a broadband matching bandwidth of more than 27% (370 MHz) and a broad 3‐dB gain bandwidth greater than 26% (351 MHz) over the entire AR range.
The Endometrium: Molecular, cellular and clinical perspectives.

This chapter outlines some of the dynamic structural changes that occur in the mature human endometrium during the menstrual cycle. In order to fully interpret our increased knowledge of the underlying physiological and molecular changes in the endometrium, an adequate structural and temporal framework is required. The advantages of adequate dating and mensuration of the endometrial biopsy are highlighted and illustrated with some baseline morphometric data.