Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antigen‐specific therapy of experimental myasthenia gravis with acetylcholine receptor‐gelonin conjugates in vivo

Rats suffering from experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) induced by previous immunization with foreign acetylcholine receptor (AChR) were treated with AChR‐toxin conjugates using the plant toxin gelonin. This led to a marked improvement of clinical symptoms as well as a significant increase in functional AChR compared to untreated rats with EAMG as determined 6 to 10 weeks later. No therapeutic effect was observed after treatment with gelonin or AChR alone. The immune response to irrelevant control antigens was not altered by this treatment.
Immunologic responses of guinea pigs to dextran.

A highly purified dextran of large molecular weight has been found to be antigenic in guinea pigs. Delayed dermal reactions and PCA antibody were produced upon immunization with this polysaccharide in Freund's complete adjuvant. The incidence of actively acquired immunity to this antigen is highest among guinea pigs of the Abyssinian strain. The majority of Pirbright, Hartley and family XIII guinea pigs do not become immunized to dextran. The ability of guinea pigs to actively develop immune responses to dextran has been tentatively interpreted as genetically determined. Adoptive transfer of the delayed dermal reactivity for dextran was accomplished with lymphoid cells but not serum. Transfers were successful from sensitive Abyssinian animals to normal Abyssinian animals (responders) but not to Pirbright animals (nonresponders). The inability of Pirbright animals to demonstrate delayed dermal responses to dextran following adoptive transfer of competent lymphoid cells has been viewed as a separate, second defect. The latter has been termed an inability of “translation. ”
Inflammatory marker mania in chronic kidney disease: pentraxins at the crossroad of universal soldiers of inflammation.

Even though the high prevalence of chronic inflammation and its link to poor outcome in chronic kidney disease (CKD) are not news any more (1,2), many clinicians and investigators remain interested in research about inflammatory markers in kidney disease. There are several reasons: ( a ) Recent studies, both epidemiologic and basic science, have suggested that in the general population, chronic inflammation may have a stronger causal role in engendering atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease than LDL hypercholesterolemia (3,4); this notion may lead to a major shift away from the traditional Framingham paradigm and toward the nontraditional paradigm of inflammation (5); ( b ) inflammation seems to be at least one of the reasons for the high burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and death in individuals with CKD (6); ( c ) patients with CKD and higher serum levels of inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-6 have a higher rate of CKD progression (7) and poor clinical outcomes, including higher death rates (8); and ( d ) inflammation may be the missing link between the surrogates of malnutrition-wasting syndrome such as hypoalbuminemia and poor survival in patients with CKD, especially. those who undergo maintenance dialysis treatment (9,10). On the basis of these premises, many nephrologists are interested in relevant information about the inflammatory markers and their associations with both CKD progression and cardiovascular disease and death in this population (Table 1). View this table: Table 1. Inflammatory markers that have been studied in patients with CKDa CRP is probably the most notorious inflammatory marker in CKD. It was first described in the 1930s for its role in serologic reactions to pneumococcal pneumonia …
CHOLINE ACETYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY OF HUMAN BRAIN TISSUE DURING DEVELOPMENT AND AT MATURITY

Abstract— (1) On analysis of human brain tissue to determine its choline acetyltransferase (ChAc) content the recovery of enzyme from many regions is very poor when the tissue is acetone‐dried and then extracted in the standard manner; for this reason the method is unsuitable when quantitative recoveries are required; it is preferable to prepare sucrose homogenates and activate these with ether before incubation.
Fundamentos sobre a Modelagem do Usuário através do uso de Ontologias

O modelo do usuario descreve o usuario para o sistema, ou seja, representa toda informacao que o sistema conhece sobre o usuario. Em sistemas educacionais o modelo do usuario/aluno contem toda a informacao sobre o perfil do aluno, tais como seu conhecimento, objetivos educacionais, preferencias, estilo de aprendizagem. Atualmente, outras informacoes sobre os alunos estao sendo estudadas para comporem este modelo, como seu comportamento no sistema e-learning e o contexto do usuario. Existem diferentes maneiras para representar modelos de usuarios e do contexto do usuario. Este trabalho estuda diversas ontologias existentes na literatura que podem ser reusadas na representacao do modelo do usuario e de seu contexto em ambientes adaptativos educacionais.
Cukrinių runkelių griežinių, kukurūzų tarkių bei jų mišinių, silosuotų laboratorinėmis sąlygomis, cheminė sudėtis ir maistingumas

Lietuvos veterinarijos akademijos (LVA) Gyvulininkystės instituto Chemijos laboratorijoje 2004– 2005 m. laboratorinėmis sąlygomis buvo silosuojami cukrinių runkelių griežiniai, kukurūzų tarkiai bei jų mišiniai. Silosavimui buvo pasirinkti trys mišinių variantai (cukrinių runkelių griežinių: kukurūzų tarkių santykis pagal svorį): 90:10, 75:25, 50:50. Praėjus 45 dienoms nuo silosavimo pradžios buvo tiriami silosuotų griežinių, tarkių bei jų mišinių cheminė sudėtis, maistingumas bei kokybė. Kukurūzų tarkių priedas prie cukrinių runkelių griežinių turėjo teigiamos įtakos šių mišinių siloso maistingumui ir fermentacijai. Didinant kukurūzų tarkių dalį silosuojamuose mišiniuose nuo 10 iki 50%, šių mišinių silose sausosios medžiagos (SM) kiekis padidėjo nuo 22,7 iki 25,8%, žaliųjų baltymų kiekis SM padidėjo nuo 13,0 iki 19,5%, žaliųjų riebalų nuo 1,6 iki 9,1%, o neazotinių ekstrakcinių medžiagų (NEM) sumažėjo nuo 57,7 iki 48,3%, žaliųjų pelenų – nuo 10,1 iki 6,0%. Tokie maisto medžiagų santykio pokyčiai lėmė ir didėjančią atitinkamo mišinio energinę vertę: 1 kg SM apykaitos energijos kiekis padidėjo nuo 11,2 iki 12,6 MJ. Šiais tyrimais nustatyta, kad nesilaikant rekomenduojamos cukrinių runkelių griežinių silosavimo technologijos, t. y. silosuojant juos atvėsintus, gaunamas prastos kokybės silosas: jo pH tesiekia 4,36, sviesto rūgštis sudaro net 38,20% bendro organinių rūgščių kiekio. Į cukrinių runkelių griežinius įmaišius pagal svorį 10% kukurūzų tarkių, pagerėjo tokio mišinio siloso kokybės rodikliai: sviesto rūgšties dalis silose sumažėjo vidutiniškai iki 1,36%, pieno rūgšties dalis išaugo iki 35,04%, siloso pH nukrito iki 4,27. Kukurūzų tarkių dalį mišinyje padidinus iki 25%, suminis organinių rūgščių kiekis silose padidėjo iki 0,64%, pieno rūgšties dalis padidėjo iki 42,44%, silosuoto mišinio pH nukrito iki 4,13. Sviesto rūgštis sudarė 0,93% viso rūgščių kiekio. Patys geriausi rezultatai gauti kukurūzų tarkių dalį mišinyje padidinus iki 50%. Pieno rūgšties dalis tirtuose siloso mėginiuose pakilo vidutiniškai iki 83,09%. Mišinio pH nukrito iki 3,9. Šios sudėties mėginiuose sviesto rūgšties nenustatyta.
Improving network stability via edge removal

The stability of a network is not simply determined by the stability of its nodes. Network topology and disturbances of the edge weights might lead to the significant difference of network stability. In this work, we find several topological characteristics that affect network stability. By this finding, network stabilization has been more realizable and more effective. Therefore, by removing some specific edges depending on the node degree at the network level and placing the associated nodal systems' poles at desired locations at the node level, a given network is stabilized.
Diarrhea associated with adherent enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in an infant and toddler center, Seattle, Washington.

During November 1983, the Seattle-King County Department of Public Health investigated an outbreak of diarrhea associated with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, serogroup 0111:K58, in an infant and toddler day-care center. Of the 25 children in the center, ranging in age from 4 to 30 months (median age 11 months), diarrhea occurred in 14 characterized by watery, greenish stools. The median duration of diarrhea was 12 days. Two of the ill children were hospitalized because of severe dehydration. Stool cultures from the children diagnosed initially did not yield the common bacterial pathogens, parasites, or rotavirus. Stool cultures from 11 of 14 ill children and two of 11 well children (P less than .005), however, yielded an E coli serogroup, 0111:K58, which was not invasive or toxigenic by standard tests. The source of the organism was not identified. Although this organism has been recognized as a cause of diarrhea in newborn nurseries, this is the first published report of a documented outbreak of enteropathogenic E coli-induced diarrhea in a day-care center in the United States.
Interaction Platform for Improving Detection Capability of Dynamic Application Security Testing

Dynamic application security testing detects security vulnerabilities by sending predefined strings to web applications. So if the web applications have filters which restrict input parameters, the detection capability of dynamic application security testing is degraded. To solve this problem, interactive application security testing have emerged in which dynamic application security testing interact with static application security testing. In this paper, we propose an interactive platform for storing, processing, and distributing information collected from each security test in the software development life cycle. And we use this platform to verify that we can detect cross-site script vulnerabilities that could not be detected due to web application filters. Experiments on the proposed approach for the cross-site script vulnerability test case of OWASP Benchmark show that the detection rate of the dynamic analyzer is improved by about 32.11%.
The impact of schools and school programs upon adolescent sexual behavior

Because most youth are enrolled in school for many years before they initiate sex and when they initiate sex, schools have the potential for reducing adolescent sexual risk‐taking. This paper reviews studies which examine the impact upon sexual risk‐taking of school involvement, school characteristics, specific programs in school that do not address sexual behavior, and specific programs that do address sexual risk‐taking. Multiple studies support several conclusions. First, involvement in and attachment to school and plans to attend higher education are all related to less sexual risk‐taking and lower pregnancy rates. Second, students in schools with manifestations of poverty and disorganization are more likely to become pregnant. Third, some school programs specifically designed to increase attachment to school or reduce school dropout effectively delayed sex or reduced pregnancy rate, even when they may not address sexuality. Fourth, sex and HIV education programs do not increase sexual behavior, and some programs decrease sexual activity and increase condom or contraceptive use. Fifth, school‐based clinics and school condom‐availability programs do not increase sexual activity, and either may or may not increase condom or contraceptive use. Other studies reveal that there is very broad support for comprehensive sex‐and HIV‐education programs, and accordingly, most youth receive some amount of sex or HIV education. However, important topics are not covered in many schools.
Chick limbs with mouse teeth: An effective in vivo culture system for tooth germ development and analysis

Mouse tooth germ development is currently studied by three main approaches: in wild‐type and mutant mouse lines, after transplantation of tooth germs to ectopic sites, and in organ culture. The in vivo approaches are the most physiological but do not provide accessibility to tooth germs for further experimental manipulation. Organ cultures, although readily accessible, do not sustain full tooth germ development and are appropriate for short‐term analysis. Thus, we sought to establish a new approach that would combine experimental accessibility with sustained development. We implanted fragments of embryonic day 12 mouse embryo first branchial arch containing early bud stage tooth germs into the lateral mesenchyme of day 4–5 chick embryo wing buds in ovo. Eggs were reincubated, and implanted tissues were examined by histochemistry and in situ hybridization over time. The tooth germs underwent seemingly normal growth, differentiation, and morphogenesis. They reached the cap, bell, and crown stages in approximately 3, 6, and 10 days, respectively, mimicking in a striking manner native temporal patterns. To examine mechanisms regulating tooth germ development, we first implanted tooth germ fragments, microinjected them with neutralizing antibodies to the key signaling molecule Sonic hedgehog (Shh), and examined them over time. Tooth germ development was markedly delayed, as revealed by poor morphogenesis and lack of mature ameloblasts and odontoblasts displaying characteristic traits such as an elongated cell shape, nuclear relocalization, and amelogenin gene expression. These phenotypic changes began to be reversed upon further incubation. The data show that the limb bud represents an effective, experimentally accessible as well as economical system for growth and analysis of developing tooth germs. The inhibitory effects of Shh neutralizing antibody treatment are discussed in relation to roles of this signaling pathway proposed by this and other groups previously. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimal Progressive Censoring Plans for the Weibull Distribution

In this article we compute the expected Fisher information and the asymptotic variance–covariance matrix of the maximum likelihood estimates based on a progressively type II censored sample from a Weibull distribution by direct calculation as well as the missing-information principle. We then use these values to determine the optimal progressive censoring plans. Three optimality criteria are considered, and some selected optimal progressive censoring plans are presented according to these optimality criteria. We also discuss the construction of progressively censored reliability sampling plans for the Weibull distribution. Three illustrative examples are provided with discussion.
Blocking of inhibitory adrenergic receptors by a dichloro analog of isoproterenol.

1-(3949 Dichlorophenyl)-2-isopropylaminoethanol hydrochloride (20522), the dichloro analog of isoproterenol, selectively blocked some inhibitory effects of epinephrine and isoproterenol. The depressor action of isoproterenol and the secondary depressor action of epinephrine were inhibited by the dichloro analog which of itself had at most caused a transient fall in blood pressure. The inhibitory effect of epinephrine on isolated rabbit intestine was blocked by 20522. On rat uterus, however, 20522 failed to block epinephrine relaxation except with doses in which the analog itself caused considerable decrease in tone. The dichloro analog caused only slight decrease of intrapulmonary resistance to air flow in the ergotoxine-treated decerebrate-pithed dog, but had no action on pilocarpine bronchoconstriction. The administration of 20522 blocked the usual epinephrine or isoproterenol release of this bronchoconstriction. On isolated guinea pig tracheal chain, 20522 inhibited epinephrine and isoproterenol relaxation of pilocarpine-induced spasm. This action appeared to be competitive since large doses of epinephrine could partially overcome the blocking action of 20522. Further, 20522 was washed off only with difficulty, suggesting a rather tight drug-receptor complex. It seemed probable that 20522 was combining with certain "adrenergic inhibitory receptor sites" without itself causing much physiological effect. , and yet was competing for these sites with physiologically active amines.
AID Enzyme-Induced Hypermutation in an Actively Transcribed Gene in Fibroblasts

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a putative RNA-editing enzyme, is indispensable for somatic hypermutation (SHM), class switch recombination, and gene conversion of immunoglobulin genes, which indicates a common molecular mechanism for these phenomena. Here we show that ectopic expression of AID alone can induce hypermutation in an artificial GFP substrate in NIH 3T3 murine fibroblast cells. The frequency of mutations was closely correlated with the level of transcription of the target gene, and the distribution of mutations in NIH 3T3 cells was similar to those of SHM in B lymphocytes. These results indicate that AID is sufficient for the generation of SHM in an actively transcribed gene in fibroblasts, as well as B cells, and that any of the required cofactors must be present in these fibroblasts.
The ontogeny of shell secrtion in Terebratalia transversa (brachiopoda, articulata) II. Formation of the protegulum and juvenile shell

The fine structure of the shell and underlying mantle in young juveniles of the articulate brachiopod Terebratalia transversa has been examined by electron microscopy. The first shell produced by the mantle consists of a nonhinged protegulum that lacks concentric growth lines. The protegulum is secreted within a day after larval metamorphosis and typically measures 140–150 μm long. A thin organic periostracum constitutes the outer layer of the protegulum, and finely granular shell material occurs beneath the periostracum. Protegula resist digestion in sodium hypochlorite and are refractory to sectioning, suggesting that the subperiostracal portion of the primordial shell is mineralized. The juvenile shell at 4 days postmetamorphosis possesses incomplete sockets and rudimentary teeth that consist of nonfibrous material. The secondary layer occurring in the inner part of the juvenile shell contains imbricated fibers, whereas the outer portion of the shell comprises a bipartite periostracum and an underlying primary layer of nonfibrous shell. Deposition of the periostracum takes place within a slot that is situated between the socalled lobate and vesicular cells of the outer mantle lobe. Vesicular cells deposit the basal layer of the periostracum, while lobate cells contribute materials to the overlying periostracal superstructure. Cells with numerous tonofibrils and hemidesmosomes differentiate in the outer mantle epithelium at sites of muscle attachments, and unbranched punctae that surround mantle caeca develop throughout the subperiostracal portion of the shell. Three weeks after metamorphosis, the juvenile shell averages about 320 μm in length and is similar in ultrastructure to the shells secreted by adult articulates.
Fitness cost of extended lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans

An insulin/IGF–I–like signalling pathway determines the rate of aging of the adult nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans. Mutations in genes encoding this pathway can result in a doubling of lifespan. While such mutations may appear to have little effect on development or fertility, evolutionary theory predicts that large increases in lifespan will not be optimal for fitness. We demonstrate by laboratory natural selection that partial loss of function of the insulin receptor–like protein DAF–2 results in dramatically reduced fitness even under laboratory conditions. Despite long–lived mutants appearing healthy, they exhibit a heavy fitness cost consistent with an evolutionary theory of aging.
Analysis of isotope element by electrolytic enrichment method for ground water and surface water in Saurashtra region, Gujarat, India

Abstract The present study has been aimed for the assessment of isotope element Tritium (3H). It is a great threat to human health and environment for lengthy duration. The tritium exists in earth in diverse forms such as (1) small amounts of natural tritium are produced by alpha decay of lithium-7, (2) natural atmospheric tritium is also generated by secondary neutron cosmic ray bombardment of nitrogen, (3) atmospheric nuclear bomb testing in the 1950s, although the contribution from nuclear power plants is small. Tritium or 3H is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen with a half-life of 12.32 ± 0.02 years. Water samples from ground water, surface water, and precipitation were collected from different locations in Gujarat area and were analyzed for the same. Distillation of samples was done to reduce the conductivity. Deuterium and Hydrogen were removed by the process of physico-chemical fractionation in the tritium enrichment unit. The basis of physico-chemical fractionation is the difference in the strength of bonds formed by the light vs. the heavier isotope of a given element. A total of 10 cycles (runs) were executed using Quintals process. Tritium concentration files were created with help of WinQ and Quick start software in Quintals process (Liquid Scintillation Spectrometer). The concentration of tritium in terms of tritium units (TU) of various samples has been determined. The TU values of the samples vary in the range of 0.90–6.62 TU.
Respiratory failure and acid-base status in hypothermia.

OCHSNER, J.L. , COOLEY, D.A. , MCNAMARA, D.G. & KILNE, A. (1962) Surgical treatment of cardiovascular anomalies in 300 infants younger than one year of age. J. thorac. Surg. 43, 182. Ross, D.N. (1964) Homotransplantation of the aortic valve in the subcoronary position. J. thorac. cardiov'asc. Surg. 47, 713. Ross, D.N. (1966) International Medical Tribune of Great Britain, 30th June. STARR, A. (1966) International Medical Tribune of Great Britain, 30th June. TAYLOR, D.G. , THORNTON, J.A. , GRAINGER, R.G. & VEREL, D. (1963) Closed pulmonary valvotomy for the relief of Fallot's tetralogy in infancy. J. thorac. cardioiasc. Surg. 46, 77. WATSON, H. & RASHKIND, W.J. (1967) Creation of atrial septal defects by balloon catheter in babies with transposition of the great arteries. Lancet, i, 403.