Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of proline rich 15 in trophoblast cell development

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . vi TABLE OF CONTENTS . viii LIST OF TABLES . x LIST OF FIGURES . xi CHAPTER I – Introduction . 1 CHAPTER II – Review of Literature . 4 Placentation in the Human . 4 Placental Dysfunction . 4 From Fertilization to Implantation. 7 Trophoblast Differentiation.10 In vitro Models of Trophoblast Function . 15 Placentation in the Sheep . 22 Embryonic Loss and Placental Dysfunction . 22 From Fertilization to Implantation.24 In vitro models of ruminant trophoblast . 29 Apoptosis in the Placenta . 32 Signaling Pathways in the Placenta . 38 Proline Rich 15 . 43 CHAPTER III – Effect of PRR15-deficiency on Trophoblast Proliferation and Survival . 46 Introduction . 46 Materials and Methods . 48 Cell Culture and Lentiviral Infection . 48 RNA Isolation and Microarray Analysis . 50 Quantitative Real-Time PCR . 51 Proliferation Assay . 52 Caspase Assays . 53 Flow Cytometry for Annexin V . 54 Results and Discussion . 55 Microarray and qPCR Analyses . 55 Proliferation decreases and apoptosis increases PRR15-deficient cells . 61
Protein targeting and degradation in the yeast vacuole

Protein degradation is an essential process in cells. Degradation of intracellular proteins increases when cells are starved of nutrients. Lysosomes are responsible for the enhanced protein degradation during starvation. To understand the degradation process that occurs in lysosomes, we studied the catabolite inactivation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, a key enzyme in the gluconeogenesis pathway, is induced when cells are starved of glucose and is degraded when cells are replenished with glucose. We have shown that catabolite inactivation of FBPase is mediated by a selective import of the enzyme into the vacuole (yeast lysosome) for degradation. Glucose-induced degradation of FBPase serves to regulate metabolism to prevent the energy futile cycle. In addition to FBPase, we have also demonstrated that peroxisomes, which are important in the oxidation of fatty acids, are delivered to the vacuole for degradation in response to glucose. Furthe.
TOURIST PREFERENCES AND EXPECTATIONS IN HEALTH TOURISM OF BAN THUNG PRADU, PRACHUAP KHIRI KHAN PROVINCE, THAILAND

This research aims to study tourist preferences and expectations in health tourism of Ban Thung Pradu. Tourist motivation is divided here into push and pulls types of motivation. The research also analyzed service marketing mix (7Ps) which is affecting tourist decisions to travel to Ban Thung Pradu. The population of this study consisted of those tourists who visited Ban Thung Pradu recently. Probability sampling method and simple random sampling were used to select the sample group. There were 69 samples in this research. The questionnaire was used to collected data from the sample. Questions covered various sides of tourist motivation and service marketing mix. The results show that learning new experience from a new environment has the most influence on tourist decision-making. Further motivations influencing decision-making include the reward received after hard work, spending time with friends, having good vacation time, and participating in an interesting activity respectively. Decision-making in terms of activity was affected by motivation the most. This was, probably, because of the interesting activities involved, good home stay, and professionalism of the service providers in Ban Thung Pradu.
Reversal of mutant myocilin non-secretion and cell killing: implications for glaucoma

Glaucoma is a progressive blinding disease characterized by gradual loss of vision due to optic neuropathy and retinal ganglion cell death. Increased intraocular pressure is a common feature of glaucoma that is thought to arise from an increased resistance to outflow of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork. Mutations of the myocilin gene are one cause of autosomal dominant juvenile- and adult-onset primary open angle glaucoma, but the mechanism by which mutant myocilins cause disease is poorly understood. We have found that disease-causing myocilin mutants are misfolded, are highly aggregation-prone and accumulate in large aggregates in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of human embryonic kidney cells and differentiated primary human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells. In HTM cells, Pro370Leu mutant myocilin is not secreted under normal culture conditions and prolonged expression results in abnormal cell morphology and cell killing. Culturing HTM cells at 30 degrees C, a condition known to facilitate protein folding, promotes secretion of mutant myocilin, normalizes cell morphology and reverses cell lethality. Our results indicate that myocilin-associated glaucoma is an ER storage disease and suggest a progression of events in which chronic expression of misfolded, non-secreted myocilin leads to HTM cell death, trabecular meshwork dysfunction and, ultimately, a dominant glaucoma phenotype. The beneficial effects of facilitating folding and secretion of mutant myocilin suggest a new type of treatment for this form of glaucoma.
Une approche phylo-HMM pour la recherche de s ´ equences

We introduce a new type of phylogenetic Hidden Markov Model,combining the strength of usual HMM and the knowledge of the phylogeny of a family of sequences. We use such models to look into the genome of a target species for members of the sequence family. Our results on some 690 protein families show a better sensitivity and a better specificity when compared to standard profile HMM or Blast searchs.
IgG Glycosylation Profile and the Glycan Score Are Associated with Type 2 Diabetes in Independent Chinese Populations: A Case-Control Study

Background The relationship between the IgG glycan panel and type 2 diabetes remains unclear in Chinese population. We aimed to investigate the association of the IgG glycan profile and glycan score with type 2 diabetes. Methods In the discovery population, 162 individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and 162 matched controls from Beijing health management cohort were included. We analyzed the IgG glycan profile and composed a glycan score for type 2 diabetes. Findings were validated in the replication population from Beijing Xuanwu community cohort (280 cases and 508 controls). Area under curve (AUC) using 10-fold and bootstrap validation, net reclassification index (NRI), and integrated discrimination index (IDI) were calculated for the glycan score. Results In the discovery population, 5 initial IgG glycans and 7 derived traits were significantly associated with type 2 diabetes after Bonferroni correction and Lasso selection, which were validated in the replication population subsequently. The glycan score composed of these IgG glycans and traits showed a strong association with type 2 diabetes (combined odds ratio (OR): 3.78) and its risk factors. In the replication population, AUC of the model involving clinical traits improved from 0.74 to above 0.90, and the values of NRI and IDI were 0.35 and 0.42, respectively, with the glycan score added. Conclusions IgG glycosylation profiles were associated with type 2 diabetes and the glycan score may be a novel indicator for diabetes which reflected a proinflammatory status.
Toward a recovery time: forest herbs insight related to anthropogenic acidification

Atmospheric deposition is a global concern contributing to soil acidification and biodiversity changes in forest ecosystems. Although acidifying deposition has decreased in the last decades in Europe, few evidence of ecosystem recovery from acidification has been reported until now. The objective of this study was to reconstruct spatiotemporal changes in soil pH across the entire French forest territory over the last 100‐year period through herb species assemblages. Data were collected from floristic databases resulting in a total of 120 216 plots covering French forests and spanning from 1910 to 2010. To define acidity figures, pH values were inferred from herb assemblages for each plot of the prediction dataset based on a weighted averaging partial least squares (WA‐PLS) model (R2 = 0.80, SD = 0.59 for the validation dataset). Spatiotemporal trends of mean pH changes were obtained by comparing plots with respect to the period (mean year of the period = 1933, 1966, 1984, 1997, 2007) and substrate (acidic and nonacidic forest areas). Bioindicated pH highlighted a decrease in soil pH in both acidic and nonacidic forest areas. The sharpest and most significant pH decrease occurred before 1984 in acidic areas, reaching 0.34 pH units. Subsequently, no significant changes were observed, with a tendency toward stabilization. By contrast, the pH decrease reached 0.19 pH units in nonacidic areas, only reaching significance between 1984 and 1997. Thereafter, we observed a slight and significant pH increase. Spatially, pH trends revealed a regionalized character of acidification regarding the substrate, which could not be related to the extent of deposition modeled by the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme. Both temporal and spatial trends highlight the lagged responses of nonacidic areas compared with acidic areas. Hence, floristic reconstructed pH trends demonstrate a gradual cessation and recovery from acidification of French forests after a period of intense atmospheric pollution.
Systematics and Biogeography of Hard Ticks, a Total Evidence Approach

Systematic relationships among the basal Ixodidae are examined using one morphological and three molecular data sets, 18S and 28S nuclear and 16S mitochondrial rDNA. Although different combinations of partitions are incompatible in a partition homogeneity test, combining them produces similar or better support for most major lineages through both additive and complementary effects. The different data sets are not complete for all taxa, but inclusion or exclusion of taxa with missing data for one or more data sets (8 of 29 ingroup taxa) does not influence overall tree topology and only weakly affects support levels. The only notable effect was based on gap treatment in the 28S data set. Gap treatment completely changes the arrangement and support levels for one basal node. The combined analyses show strong support for the Metastriata, a lineage including most endemic Australian Ixodes, and a lineage including the remaining Ixodes, but not for the Prostriata (=Ixodes s.l.). The distribution pattern of endemic Australian taxa (nearly all included in three exclusively Australian basal lineages) suggests that these lineages, and by extension the Ixodidae, originated after the isolation of Australia in the late Cretaceous, much more recently than previously indicated.
Challenges of Project Logistics in Turkey

Containerization in logistics enables the products to be transported quickly within the standard conditions; however, heavy cargoes with non-standard size are still a big problem in shipment processes. This problem examines within the scope of project logistics. Project logistics are defined as the realization of the transportation of non-standard bulky and heavy materials, which cannot be transported by the standard container, in specific time period and without any damage. According to objectives of 2023, Turkey Government has committed to improve logistics infrastructure, regulations and operations in parallel with global business supply chain. Project logistics are high value-added operations in logistic sector, due to one-time logistics operation with its unique tools and methods. Turkey’ geographic advantages could be used to foster project logistics, but they are affected from external environmental factors and facing many problems as other countries. In this study, the challenges facing companies during their project logistics operations will be analyzed. In-depth interviews will be conducted with company’ executives whom are operating on project logistics in Turkey. According to field study, the main problems of project logistics operations are subtitled as physical infrastructure, legal regulations, education and economic problems. Also, in order for the sector to work effectively, main four problems must be eliminated and state-private sector coordination must be ensured.
Differences between oculomotor and perceptual artifacts for temporally limited head mounted displays

We used perceptual and oculomotor measures to understand the negative impacts of low (phantom array) and high (motion blur) duty cycles with a high‐speed, AR‐likehead‐mounted display prototype. We observed large intersubject variability for the detection of phantom array artifacts but a highly consistent and systematic effect on saccadic eye movement targeting during low duty cycle presentations. This adverse effect on saccade endpoints was also related to an increased error rate in a perceptual discrimination task, showing a direct effect of display duty cycle on the perceptual quality. For high duty cycles, the probability of detecting motion blur increased during head movements, and this effect was elevated at lower refresh rates. We did not find an impact of the temporal display characteristics on compensatory eye movements during head motion (e.g., VOR). Together, our results allow us to quantify the tradeoff of different negative spatiotemporal impacts of user movements and make subsequent recommendations for optimized temporal HMD parameters.
Use of β‐lactamase as a secreted reporter of promoter function in yeast

K1 preprotoxin is the 316 residue precursor of the K1 killer toxin secreted by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The SPβla reporter consists of the mature, secreted form of β‐lactamase (βla) fused to S and P, two fragments of preprotoxin. S is the N‐terminal 34 residues, including the secretion signal. P, a 67 residue ‘processing’ segment with three sites for N‐glycosylation, terminates in a Lys Arg site for cleavage by the Kex2 protease. Expression of SPβla in yeast results in efficient secretion, processing by signal peptidase and glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum, producing proßla. Kex2 cleavage of proßla in the lumen of a late Golgi compartment releases βla, which accumulates stably in culture media buffered at pH 5·8–7. The half‐life of secretion is 11 min at 30°C; 10–12% of the total activity in exponential‐phase cells is intracellular, mostly in the form of proßla, indicating that transit from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi is rate limiting. We have used SPβla expression in single‐ and multi‐copy vectors to compare the PGK, GAL1, GAL10, PHO5 and CUP1 promoters under varying nutritional conditions. In exponential‐phase cells, secretion of βla over a 40‐fold range and up to several μg/ml was proportional to transcript level, demonstrating that SPβla can be employed as a convenient secreted reporter of promoter function in yeast.
Pictorial Realism

Regarding realism, Goodman says the following: “Realism is relative, determined by the system of representation standard for a given culture or person at a given time. ”. “Realism is a matter of habit” [1, pp. 37–38]. “… reality in the world, like realism in a picture, is largely a matter of habit” [2, p. 20. ] The relativist position expressed here, with its emphasis on the concept ‘habit,’ is reiterated by Goodman in many areas. We find it in each and every one of the subjects he dealt with, including the subject [3], to be discussed here, namely the problem of pictorial representation. Throughout the range of problems he considered, Goodman shows that the attribution of meanings to reality is an acquired habit, constituted by our exposure to history, culture and natural languages. Under different cultural-historical frameworks we would simply see in what is today considered as a nonrealistic painting, a depiction faithfully describing reality. Goodman leaves the ruling of a realism to the mercy of the cultural framework in which we live, and believes that habit alone is the final test for determining pictorial denotation: a picture is understood as denoting a particular scene from the moment we accustom ourselves to use a particular interpretative key, which is itself determined by tradition or even ad hoc. I attempt, in this article, to return the concept of habit to its usual, natural grounds, with the intent of proposing a contrasting approach to Goodman's. My aim is to prove that the attribution of a realistic meaning to a picture is the result of a natural and rational decision between a number of possible alternatives. Accordingly, a picture is considered realistic as long as it demands less information than the other possible alternatives, to draw similarity between it and the objects it depicts. Alongside the consolidation of my approach to realism, I will consider Goodman's parallel position according to which “to represent, a picture must function as a pictorial symbol; that is, function in a system such that what is denoted depends solely upon the pictorial properties of the symbol” [1, pp. 41–42]. I would like to show that by extracting the interpretation of a picture from its immediate and natural perception, and by requiring a sign system to elucidate it, Goodman ignores the natural and essential relationship between the artistic means deployed by the artist and what we eventually see in the picture. In his method, the same picture may denote a considerable number of alternatives since what it represents depends on the sign system currently in use. In order to prove my claim, I will present a number of studies within the framework of Gestalt psychology, and will harness them to dismiss the relativism which Goodman expounds in this matter.
Interactions between lar gibbons and pig‐tailed macaques at fruit sources

Interactions are reported between white‐handed gibbons (Hylobates lar) and pig‐tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand, in which gibbons selected ripe fruit from sources before macaques arrived on 4 occasions during June and July of 1989. The macaques foraged near gibbons or from shared fruit sources during 13% of gibbon observation time. Gibbons made their presence known in fruit trees when macaques approached on 3 occasions and macaques did not enter fruit trees occupied by gibbons. An aggressive interaction is reported in which a single white‐handed gibbon vigorously excluded 22–28 macaques from a rare and valuable fruit tree (Sandoricum koetjape). The observations suggest that exploitative and interference competition may exist between these species.
High-Throughput Manufacture of 3D Fiber Scaffolds for Regenerative Medicine

Engineered scaffolds used to regenerate mammalian tissues should recapitulate the underlying fibrous architecture of native tissue to achieve comparable function. Current fibrous scaffold fabrication processes, such as electrospinning and three-dimensional (3D) printing, possess application-specific advantages, but they are limited either by achievable fiber sizes and pore resolution, processing efficiency, or architectural control in three dimensions. As such, a gap exists in efficiently producing clinically relevant, anatomically sized scaffolds comprising fibers in the 1–100 μm range that are highly organized. This study introduces a new high-throughput, additive fibrous scaffold fabrication process, designated in this study as 3D melt blowing (3DMB). The 3DMB system described in this study is modified from larger nonwovens manufacturing machinery to accommodate the lower volume, high-cost polymers used for tissue engineering and implantable biomedical devices and has a fiber collection component that uses adaptable robotics to create scaffolds with predetermined geometries. The fundamental process principles, system design, and key parameters are described, and two examples of the capabilities to create scaffolds for biomedical engineering applications are demonstrated. Impact statement Three-dimensional melt blowing (3DMB) is a new, high-throughput, additive manufacturing process to produce scaffolds composed of highly organized fibers in the anatomically relevant 1–100 μm range. Unlike conventional melt-blowing systems, the 3DMB process is configured for efficient use with the relatively expensive polymers necessary for biomedical applications, decreasing the required amounts of material for processing while achieving high throughputs compared with 3D printing or electrospinning. The 3DMB is demonstrated to make scaffolds composed of multiple fiber materials and organized into complex shapes, including those typical of human body parts.
Analisis Pengaruh Karakteristik Audit dan Karakteristik Perusahaan Terhadap Pergantian Kantor Akuntan Publik pada Perusahaan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia

Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh dari karakteristik audit dan karakteristik perusahaan terhadap pergantian Kantor Akuntan Publik di Indonesia. Karakteristik audit terdiri atas opini audit, keterlambatan audit, dan reputasi KAP. Karakteristik perusahaan terdiri atas ukuran perusahaan, kesulitan keuangan, pergantian manajemen, pertumbuhan perusahaan, dan kompleksitas perusahaan. Data yang dikaji dalam studi ini terdiri atas laporan tahunan perusahaan yang tercatat pada Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2014 sampai dengan 2018. Sampel diambil dengan memanfaatkan metode purposive sampling dan yang terpilih sebanyak 439 perusahaan (2.131 data).
Short Photoswitchable Antibacterial Peptides.

Three photoswitchable tetrapeptides, based on a known synthetic antibacterial, were designed and synthesized to determine activity against Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ). Each peptide contains an azobenzene photoswitch incorporated into either the N-terminal side chain ( 1 ), C-terminal side chain ( 2 ), or the C-terminus ( 3 ), to allow reversible switching between cis -enriched and trans -enriched photostationary states (PSS). Biological assays revealed the C-terminal azobenzene ( 3 ) possessed the most potent antibacterial activity, with an MIC of 1 µg/mL. In this study, net positive charge, hydrophobicity, position of the azobenzene, secondary structure, and amphiphilicity were all found to contribute to antibacterial activity, with each of these factors likely facilitating the peptide to disrupt the negatively charged bacterial lipid membrane. Hence, these short photoswitchable antibacterial tetrapeptides provide insights for the future design and synthesis of antibiotics for S. aureus infections.
A NEW PHORUSRHACID (AVES: CARIAMAE) FROM THE MIDDLE MIOCENE OF PATAGONIA, ARGENTINA

Abstract The anatomy of a new, enormous phorusrhacid (Aves: Cariamae) from the Middle Miocene Collón Curá Formation of northwestern Patagonia (Río Negro province, Argentina) is described. The new phorusrhacid is known by a single specimen that consists of a nearly complete skull associated with a tarsometatarsus and a pedal phalanx. The new fossil is the largest known phorusrhacid and its morphology resembles more that of taxa traditionally grouped within phorusrhacines. Its skull—by far the best preserved among large phorusrhacids—provides a great deal of previously unknown anatomical information and indicates that reconstructions of the skull of gigantic phorusrhacids based on their smaller relatives are unwarranted.