Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
La diversidad en el código de buen gobierno

El 19 de mayo se aprobo definitivamente el Codigo Conthe sobre Buen Gobierno Corporativo. Uno de los puntos mas debatido es el relacionado con la diversidad en los consejos de administracion. Bajo el principio de cumple o explica, las empresas que no consigan en 2007 la diversidad recogida en su articulado y en concreto la diversidad de genero, deberan explicar el motivo, asi como los esfuerzos para mejorarla. En este trabajo se justifica la necesidad de elaborar Codigos de Buen Gobiernos, que la composicion de los consejos de administracion sea diversa y exista, en particular, diversidad de genero como objetivo de eficiencia. Se comenta el trato que los Codigos emitidos por paises europeos dan a la diversidad, para centrarnos en el Codigo Conthe. Adicionalmente, se pone de manifiesto la situacion real actual de las empresas espanolas y por tanto, el desafio que supone para ellas el cumplimiento con el codigo
Transverse-Mode Characteristics of GaSb-Based VCSELs With Buried-Tunnel Junctions

We report the transverse-mode characteristics of GaSb-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with buried-tunnel junctions (BTJs). The optical-index guiding in the devices is achieved by an effective refractive index step due to the presence of a laterally structured BTJ in the cavity. All lasing modes in VCSELs of different active diameters are experimentally measured. Then the experimental results are compared against the theoretical data for two different VCSEL designs emitting at 2.3 and 2.6 μm yielding a good agreement. The transverse-mode spacing between the excited modes is also determined and the results are compared with the theory. The far-field patterns ensure that devices with reasonable aperture diameters operate in single-fundamental LP01 mode, showing that the devices are well-designed.
Sevoflurane in Exhaled Air of Operating Room Personnel

Evidence on potential health hazards arising from exposure to volatile anesthetics remains controversial. Exposure may, in principle, be supervised by monitoring of ambient air or, alternatively, in vivo. We used the Proton Transfer Reaction-Mass Spectrometry to screen the breath of 40 operating room staff members before operating room duty, 0, 1, 2, and 3 h after duty, and before commencing duty on the consecutive day, and control persons. Staff members exhibited significantly increased sevoflurane levels in exhaled air after duty, with a mean of 0.80 parts per billion as compared with baseline values of 0.26 parts per billion (P < 0.05). Analysis of variance with adjustment for within correlation (repeated measurements) showed a statistically significant time-effect (P < 0.001). We conclude that (a) Proton Transfer Reaction-Mass Spectrometry biomonitoring of exhaled sevoflurane can serve as a simple and rapid method to determine volatile anesthetic excretion after occupational exposure, and (b) significant concentrations of sevoflurane may be continuously present in persons exposed to sevoflurane on a daily basis.
sLORETA allows reliable distributed source reconstruction based on subdural strip and grid recordings

Source localization based on invasive recordings by subdural strip and grid electrodes is a topic of increasing interest. This simulation study addresses the question, which factors are relevant for reliable source reconstruction based on sLORETA. MRI and electrode positions of a patient undergoing invasive presurgical epilepsy diagnostics were the basis of sLORETA simulations. A boundary element head model derived from the MRI was used for the simulation of electrical potentials and source reconstruction. Focal dipolar sources distributed on a regular three‐dimensional lattice and spatiotemporal distributed patches served as input for simulation. In addition to the distance between original and reconstructed source maxima, the activation volume of the reconstruction and the correlation of time courses between the original and reconstructed sources were investigated. Simulations were supplemented by the localization of the patient's spike activity. For noise‐free simulated data, sLORETA achieved results with zero localization error. Added noise diminished the percentage of reliable source localizations with a localization error ≤15 mm to 67.8%. Only for source positions close to the electrode contacts the activation volume correctly represented focal generators. Time‐courses of original and reconstructed sources were significantly correlated. The case study results showed accurate localization. sLORETA is a distributed source model, which can be applied for reliable grid and strip based source localization. For distant source positions, overestimation of the extent of the generator has to be taken into account. sLORETA‐based source reconstruction has the potential to improve the localization of distributed generators in presurgical epilepsy diagnostics and cognitive neuroscience. Hum Brain Mapp , 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gerenciamento de chaves públicas sobrevivente baseado em grupos para MANETS

Resumo. Dentre os diversos sistemas de gerenciamento de chaves propostos para as MANETs, o Sistema de Gerenciamento de Chaves Publicas Auto-organizado tem sido o mais indicado, por ser completamente distribuido e auto-organizavel. Contudo, ele e totalmente vulneravel a ataques Sybil. Este trabalho apresenta um sistema de gerenciamento de chaves publicas sobrevivente a tais ataques, chamado de SG-PKM. Nesse sistema, os nos formam grupos a partir das suas relacoes de amizade e emitem certificados entre os membros do grupo. Alem disso, os grupos emitem certificados entre si para garantir a autenticidade das suas chaves publicas. Para autenticarem-se, dois nos sem uma relacao direta devem formam no minimo duas cadeias de certificados ligando os grupos a que pertencem. Resultados obtidos via simulacoes mostram a sobrevivencia do sistema diante de ataques Sybil, garantindo mais de 70% de autenticacoes nao comprometidas para grupos com cinco ou seis membros diante de 40% de nos maliciosos.
Adhesion molecules are upregulated on dendritic cells isolated from human blood

This study investigated whether the high expression of adhesion molecules on enriched preparations of circulating dendritic cells (DCs) was an intrinsic property of the cells or whether it was a consequence of the procedure used to isolate them from blood. Expression of the &bgr;1, &bgr;2 integrins (CD11/CD18 family) and other adhesion molecules on DCs in whole blood was compared with that on isolated DCs. Dendritic cells were identified by flow cytometry as leucocytes that were positive for human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐DR, but negative for CD3, CD14, CD16, CD19 and CD56. In contrast to a minority of DCs in whole blood, the majority of isolated DCs expressed the &bgr;2 integrins and there were a greater number of cells bearing CD44, CD54 and some of the &bgr;1 integrins (notably CD49b, CD49d, CD49e and CD29). An increase in the proportion of DCs bearing adhesion molecules was generally apparent at the isolation stage when mononuclear cells, which had been incubated overnight, were centrifuged on a metrizamide gradient to enrich for cells of low density. Inclusion of an inhibitor of protein glycosylation and exocytosis (brefeldin A) at all stages of separation partially prevented an increase in the percentage of DCs bearing CD18, C29 and C54 whereas the inclusion of cycloheximide (an inhibitor of polypeptide synthesis) interfered with increases in the percentage of cells bearing CD29 and CD54. Neither of these antagonists had an effect on the intensity of adhesion molecule expression. We suggest that some of the adhesion‐dependent functions of isolated DCs are caused, in part, by an upregulation of surface adhesion molecules induced by the enrichment procedure.
Face contour extraction using Snake

Face contour represents important information commonly applied in biometric applications using human face information. Here, we propose an improvement to the conventional active contour model, called Snake, in the application of face contour tracking. We propose using face detection method developed by P. Viola as a quick initialization method. A new energy term called gradient angular difference (GAD) is introduced here. GAD energy term is used to constrain the Snake contour to the specific face region. The Snake method obtains the optimal contour by iteratively minimizing its energy function. The long iteration process leads to long computation time. Therefore, we proposed a normal line searching strategy to accelerate the face contour extraction process. The simulation results show that the accurate Snake contour can be detected quickly, and with minimal computation. The method can also be used in other applications such as general organ contour extraction from X-ray.
Stem-ML: language-independent prosody description

Stem-ML is a tagging system with a completely defined algorithm for translating the tags into quantitative prosody in any language. It separates the description of prosodic intentions from their execution, by modeling the interactions between accents. We designed Stem-ML to allow automated training of accent shapes and parameters from acoustic databases. Stem-ML is linguistically neutral: it allows a description of any physiologically realizable prosody in terms of linguistic concepts, without imposing a restrictive theory on the data. The tag set and algorithm make no assumptions about the number of distinct types of accents or tones, or their scope. Accents and tones are treated interchangeably. Stem-ML allows, but does not require, descriptions involving phrase curves. The model begins with soft templates for tone or accent shapes that are specified by the user or obtained by automated training. These soft templates interact because of physically and physiologically motivated constraints that model the smooth and continuous motions of the muscles that control prosody.
The Somatosensory Cortex of Human: Cytoarchitecture and Regional Distributions of Receptor-Binding Sites

The aim of this study is to characterize the regional and laminar distribution patterns of various neurotransmitter binding sites in areas 3a, 3b, 1, and 2 of the human primary somatosensory cortex, and to compare these receptor-based "maps" with the cytoarchitectonic parcelation. Cryostat sections from a dorsomedial region of the postcentral gyrus close to the interhemispheric fissure and from a ventrolateral region close to the Sylvian fissure were examined. Neurotransmitter-binding sites were analyzed with quantitative in vitro receptor autoradiography. Different muscarinic-binding sites were labeled with [3H]pirenzepine and [3H]oxotremorine-M, noradrenergic-binding sites with [3H]prazosin, different serotoninergic-binding sites with [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine and [3H]ketanserine, glutamate-binding sites with l-[3H]glutamate, and GABA-binding sites with [3H]muscimol. Adjacent sections were stained with a modified Nissl method for cytoarchitectonic analysis. The binding sites either were preferentially localized in the superficial layers ([3H]5-hydroxytryptamine, [3H]prazosin, l-[3H]glutamate, [3H]muscimol, and [3H]pirenzepine) or were more homogeneously distributed with highest densities in layers III-V ([3H]oxotremorine-M and [3H]ketanserine). Changes in the distribution patterns of [3H]oxotremorine-M- and [3H]ketanserine-binding sites precisely matched the borders between areas 4/3a, 3b/1, and 1/2, as defined cytoarchitectonically. In addition, the autoradiographs showed that area 1 possibly consists of two subregions which cannot be distinguished cytoarchitectonically. The results demonstrate that the regional and laminar distribution patterns of some, but not all, transmitter-binding sites are precisely correlated with the cytoarchitectonic parcelation of the human primary somatosensory cortex. In addition, binding sites may reveal new borders not detectable in Nissl-stained sections. Finally, the human primary somatosensory cortex differs clearly from the primary motor cortex due to higher densities of l-[3H]glutamate-, [3H]muscimol-, [3H]pirenzepine-, [3H]oxotremorine-M-, and [3H]ketanserine-binding sites.
The Herschel Exploitation of Local Galaxy Andromeda (HELGA) - I. Global far-infrared and sub-mm morphology

We have obtained Herschel images at five wavelengths from 100 to 500 micron of a ~5.5x2. 5 degree area centred on the local galaxy M31 (Andromeda), our nearest neighbour spiral galaxy, as part of the Herschel guaranteed time project 'HELGA'. The main goals of HELGA are to study the characteristics of the extended dust emission, focusing on larger scales than studied in previous observations of Andromeda at an increased spatial resolution, and the obscured star formation. In this paper we present the data reduction and provide a description of the far-infrared morphology, comparing it with features seen at other wavelengths. We use high-resolution maps of the atomic hydrogen, fully covering our fields, to identify dust emission features that genuinely belong to M31, distinguishing them from emission coming from the foreground Galactic cirrus. Thanks to the very large extension of our maps we detect, for the first time at far-infrared wavelengths, three ring-shaped structures extending out to ~21, ~26 and ~31 kpc respectively, in the south-western part of M31, with the innermost structure also having a counterpart at the opposite side. The presence of these features is safely confirmed by their detection in HI maps. Due to an unfortunate coincidence of M31's systemic velocity with the rotation speed in its outermost parts, together with the presence of a bright emission from the Galactic cirrus heavily contaminating the north-eastern side, the detection of the other fainter features on this side of the galaxy is more uncertain. We find that the dust in M31 significantly extends beyond the previously mapped far-infrared emission. An annular-like segment, extending beyond the already known 15-kpc ring, is clearly detected on both sides of the galaxy, and similar annular structures are undoubtedly detected on the south-west side as well.
Comparison of selected physiological and personality variables in regular and nonregular adult male exercisers.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare regular and nonregular adult exercisers on selected physiological and personality measures over a four-year period. Forty-eight participants in the 1971 Purdue Adult Fitness Program were retested four years later. As a result three groups of 16 subjects each were established, based on responses to an Exercise and Leisure Questionnaire. Relevant physiological data were collected and physical fitness scores were obtained for each subject using the criterion of Ismail and others. Personality traits were assessed using the same form of the Cattell 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire as both pre- and posttests. The data were analyzed at both test periods using the ANOVA technique. The effect of different activity levels was assessed by several fitness parameters such as percent lean body weight, resting and submaximal heart rates, submaximal RQ, [Vdot]O2 max, and physical fitness score. The two regularly active groups increased significantly in physical fitness.
A single unit analysis of trigeminal projections to bulbar reticular muclei of the rat

The lateral bulbar reticular formation of anesthetized rats was explored with microelectrodes in order to compare the response and field characteristics of its somatosensory cells with properties of units located in the adjacent spinal trigeminal complex. Responses were evoked in the cells using natural and electrical stimulation of the skin. Neurons in the reticular nuclei tended to exihibit long latencies, low folowing capacities and large receptive fields. On the other hand, trigeminal complex cells generally revealed opposite characteristics, more typical of primary sensory structures, such as short latencies, high following capacities and punctate‐to‐small fields. The distinction between the regions was emphasized by additional qualities which were peculiar to the reticular neurons: Bilateral peripheral representation, into very coarse mechnical stimulation. In amny respects, the data indicate that the lateral reticular formation is intimately involved in the mediation of facial pain. They also support the view that it participated in this function by regulating the flow of nocioceptive activity from receptive mechanisms of the skin to the lemniscal pathway.
[Effects of the time interval between surgery and radiotherapy on the treatment results].

BACKGROUND The timing of surgery and postoperative radiotherapy--especially if combined with chemotherapy--has been a subject of interest over the past years. METHODS This analysis was based on a literature review of mostly retrospective publications. Data concerning the interval between surgery and radiotherapy were correlated with the locoregional control, incidence of distant metastases and prognosis of breast cancer, lung carcinoma, and head and neck carcinomas. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The reviewed data did not show a clear relationship of the time interval between surgery and start of radiotherapy and locoregional control. However, evaluation of the data was difficult, because in most publications, retrospective analyses were performed and other prognostically more relevant parameters may influence locoregional control stronger than the time interval. In patients with head and neck carcinomas, there is a negative effect of time interval between surgery and radiotherapy on local control if unfavorable factors exist, i.e., close surgical margins, unfavorable pathohistological parameters and low radiation dose. In patients with breast cancer who do not receive chemotherapy, there are inconsistent reports in the literature. If additional chemotherapy is necessary, the sequence surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy seems adequate. Although some data suggest that delaying the initiation of radiotherapy due to chemotherapy may increase the risk of local recurrences, there may, on the other hand, be an increased likelihood of systemic metastases, if radiotherapy is applied before chemotherapy. Concerning lung cancer, only one retrospective analysis exists suggesting a better survival of patients with an interval of more than 36 days between surgery and radiotherapy as compared to patients with a shorter interval.
Optimization of leaky-wave antennas based on non-uniform HMSIW

In this paper, the optimization of leaky-wave antennas (LWAs) based on non-uniform half-mode substrate-integrated waveguides (HMSIWs) is presented. The optimization is based on a semi-analytical solution of a tapered HMSIW, which has been recently proposed by the authors in a previously published paper. This analysis is based on a transmission line model of the HMSIW, where the reflections along the LWA are considered. Compared to the traditional approach, the analysis demonstrates a higher accuracy on the pattern calculation. Two different optimizations with different objectives are demonstrated: a wideband omni-directional LWA and a LWA with minimized sidelobe level. The optimized results obtained with particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm exemplify the versatility of the method for different target specifications.
Nigral degeneration in Parkinson's disease in relation to clinical features

Neuronal loss in the substantia nigra (SN) in Parkinson's disease (PD) shows a topographical organisation where the lateral part of the SN is more affected. This is ‐ due to projection of the lateral SN mainly to the putamen ‐ reflected in more complete loss of dopamine content in the putamen than in the caudate nucleus. Of the parkinsonian symptoms rigidity and hypokinesia are associated with neuronal loss in the lateral substantia nigra and the resulting dopamine loss in the putamen. Neuronal mechanisms other than degeneration of the nigrostriatal system seem to be involved in the pathophysiology of tremor.
On the implementation of a lightweight generic FPGA ECC crypto-core over GF(p)

State-of-the-art implementations of modern embedded computing platforms nowadays often feature reconfigurable components and/or programmable cores. Since these systems are more often connected to a larger network well-thought-out security mechanisms have to be put in place. In order to protect the assets of a (networked) system several security objectives have to be met. By including support for cryptographic operations inside the anyway available programmable chips it is suggested that the overall security level of the system can be raised. In this paper a concept of a lightweight generic FPGA core for performing elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is proposed which underlying arithmetic calculations are solely conducted by a minimalistic arithmetic logic unit based on a single adder/subtracter instance. Due to the utilization of fairly plain algorithms it is well suited for the academic sector and can be seen as a quick guide for implementing cryptographic algorithms on reconfigurable hardware or also as a reference architecture for performing side-channel attacks such as simple/differential power analysis attacks. The main focus of this ongoing research work is the conceptual design, development and implementation of a reconfigurable FPGA-based hardware security module.
T State Hemoglobin Binds Oxygen Noncooperatively with Allosteric Effects of Protons, Inositol Hexaphosphate, and Chloride*

Hemoglobin is the paradigm of allosteric proteins. Over the years, cooperative oxygen binding has been explained by different models predicting that the T state of hemoglobin binds oxygen either noncooperatively or with some degree of cooperativity or with strong cooperativity. Therefore, a critical test that discriminates among models is to determine the oxygen binding by the T state of hemoglobin. Fixation of hemoglobin in the T state has been achieved either by crystallization from polyethylene glycol solutions or by encapsulation in wet porous silica gels. Hemoglobin crystals bind oxygen noncooperatively with reduced affinity compared with solution, with no Bohr effect and with no influence of other allosteric effectors. In this study, we have determined accurate oxygen-binding curves to the T state of hemoglobin in silica gels with the same microspectrophotometric apparatus and multiwavelengths analysis used in crystal experiments. The T state of hemoglobin in silica gels binds oxygen noncooperatively with an affinity and a Bohr effect similar to those observed in solution for the binding of the first oxygen molecule. Other allosteric effectors such as inositol hexaphosphate, bezafibrate, and chloride significantly affect oxygen affinity. Therefore, T state hemoglobins that are characterized by strikingly different functional properties share the absence of cooperativity in the binding of oxygen. These findings are fully consistent with the Monod, Wyman, and Changeux model and with most features of Perutz’s stereochemical model, but they are not consistent with models of both Koshland and Ackers.