Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acetylated saponins with molluscicidal activity from Sapindus rarak: Unambiguous structure determination by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and quantitative analysis

Four monodesmosidic triglycosides, bearing up to two acetyl moieties on the terminal sugar, have been isolated from the pericarp of fruits of Sapindus rarak DC (Sapindaceae). The positions of the acetyl groups and interglycosidic linkages have been established by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, including double-quantum filtered phase-sensitive COSY and homonuclear Overhauser enhancement difference measurements. A method for the qualitative analysis of saponins by reversed phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been developed. The total saponin content was determined by HPLC analysis of hederagenin liberated by acidic hydrolysis of the methanolic extract. The molluscicidal activity (LC100/24h) of the saponins ranges from 6.25 to 12.5 ppm.
DESARROLLO DE UN AROMA DE MAMEY SIMILAR AL NATURAL

Development of a mammee flavoring similar to natural flavor A mammee flavoring similar to natural flavor was development with flavoring chemicals. The volatile compounds of fruit were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. A total of 24 volatiles were identified, from which benzaldehyde, hexanal and hexadecanoic acid were the major ones. Sixteen formulations of the flavoring were developed. The sensory evaluation was made by a quality hedonic test of 5 points, with the participation of 12 judges. The best formulations were evaluated in milk and ice cream. The quality obtained was very good.
Eltérő tartási rendszerek hatása a tojástermelésre és az étkezési tojás minőségi tulajdonságaira a tojó típusától függően

Ket kereskedelmi forgalmazasu tojohibrid allomany - a Leghorn tipusu Shaver Stc. 288 es a kozepneheztestű tipusba tartozo Tetra SL - vizsgalatara kerult sor ot kulonboző tartasi rendszerben, egyebkent teljesen azonos feltetelrendszer biztositasa mellett. Az elterő tartastechnologiai megoldasok a kovetkezők voltak: hagyomanyos 4 szintes ketrec ket kulonboző telepitesi sűrűseggel: 3 tyuk/ketrec (533 cm2/tojo) es 4 tyuk/ketrec (400 cm2/tojo) elhelyezesevel, tovabba a madarhaz, az ulőrudas es racspadlos tartas (racspadlo es melyalom kombinacioja) mint nem ketreces "alternativ" megoldasok. Szamottevő es statisztikailag is igazolt kulonbsegeket tapasztaltunk az egyes tojohibrid tipusok es a tartasi rendszerek kozott a vizsgalt ertekmerő tulajdonsagok tekinteteben. A 72 hetes korig tarto adatgyűjtes az alabbi ertekmerőkre terjedt ki: beolazott tyukra vetitett tojastermeles, atlagos tojastomeg, osszes tojastomeg (tojasmassza) termeles, takarmanyfogyasztas, eletkepesseg, sűrűfeherje magassaga, Haugh-egysegben kifejezett tojasminőseg, hejvastagsag es hejsűrűseg. A gyakorlatban altalanosan alkalmazott 4 tyuk ketrecenkenti elhelyezes eseten mert termelesi mutatokat 100%-nak tekintve, az elterő tartasi rendszerekben termelő allomanyok kozott a kovetkező lenyeges kulonbsegeket tapasztaltuk: a beolazott tyukra vetitett tojastermeles 16%-kaI volt magasabb a Leghorn es 8%-kal a kozepneheztestű tipus eseten, ha az allatok 3 tojo/ketrec sűrűseggel voltak elhelyezve, 14%-kal es 10%-kal volt kevesebb a madarhazas rendszerben, 14%-kal es 18%-kal kevesebb az ulőrudasban, illetve 9%>-kal es 5%-kal magasabb volt a racspadlos tartas-ban a tojo tipusatol fuggően. A tojok napi takarmanyfogyasztasa az etalonnak valasztott tartasi megoldashoz kepest a kovetkezőkeppen alakult: +29% es +26%> 3 tyuk/ketrec elhelyezes eseten, +23% es + 17%) a madarhazas megoldasban, +15% es +16% az ulőrudasban, +28% es +21% ha az allatok racspadlon termeltek. A tojasok tomeget es minősegi parametereit a tartasmod kisebb mertekben befolyasolta mint a genotipus.
Microstructure analysis of sol‐gel‐derived nanocrystalline ITO thin films

The technique for ITO (Tin‐doped indium oxide) thin films by sol‐gel process is presented in this paper. After annealing at 500° for 15 min, ITO gel films get transformed into nanocrystallined indium tin oxide films. We studied the microstructure of ITO thin film which is closely related to optical and electrical properties. The microstructure of ITO thin film can be observed through high‐resolution transmission electronic spectroscopy (HRTEM) and the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) technique. The film is nanocrystallite with grain sizes about 20 nm. Also, the surface chemical components were studied by XPS spectra. The transmission and the resistivity of ITO films is 97.0% and 3.5 × 10−3 Ω•cm, respectively. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of Inlet Conditions and Burner Tripping on NO and Temperature Characteristics in a Tangentially Fired Furnace

Tangentially-fired furnaces have been used successfully and extensively throughout the world with many types of oils, gas and coal as fuels and are widely used in steam generators of thermal power plants. The present study provides the NO and temperature distributions in the combustion chamber and in the exhaust gas at various operating conditions of excess air factor with varying the air mass flow rate, combustion air temperature and the number of tripped burners. In particular, the simulation provided correlations for NO concentration and each of the maximum furnace temperature and furnace average temperatures. The results show that the temperature distributions are significantly distorted by tripping any of the burners. The results also show that tripping one or two burners either adjacent or opposite or tripping four burners results in regions of high temperature gases close to the walls. The results have shown that the furnace average temperature and NO concentration decrease as the excess air factor increases for a given air mass flow rate. As the combustion air temperature increases, furnace temperature increases and the thermal NO concentration increases sharply. Heat absorptions in super heater and economizer are greatly influenced by combustion air temperature and excess air factor and are slightly influenced by burner tripping. Correlations were obtained for the influence of the combustion air temperature and air to fuel ratio on NO maximum values and NO values at outlet section.
Wideband and High-Gain D-Band Antennas for Next-Generation Short-Distance Wireless Communication Chips

This article presents two kinds of low-cost antennas for $D$ -band short-distance wireless communication applications. Both the antennas are excited by a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) feed line based on the printed circuit board (PCB) process. The first type is a stainless-steel-based horn antenna, fabricated by electric-discharging machining (EDM) process and selective laser melting (SLM) 3-D printing, respectively, for reducing cost. To integrate the horn antennas with the SIW feed line, a wideband transition structure from SIW to the rectangular waveguide is designed by suppressing higher order eigenmodes. The experimental data show that the integrated horn antenna can achieve 18.9% (129.5–156.5 GHz) −10 dB impedance bandwidth and a peak gain of 15.46 dBi. The second type of antenna is a single-layer rectangular patch antenna fed by SIW. By locally widening the SIW feed line to generate an equivalent shunt capacitance instead of using complex resonators, a wide impedance bandwidth can be realized. The measured −10 dB impedance bandwidth and the peak gain of the patch antenna are 20.8% (125.3–154.4 GHz) and 7.26 dBi, respectively. The two proposed antennas can provide comparable performance for different application requirements under the premise of a low fabrication cost.
Nonequilibrium sorption of organic chemicals: elucidation of rate-limiting processes

The results of experiments designed to identify the process(es) responsible for nonequilibrium sorption of hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs) by natural sorbents are reported. The results of experiments performed with natural sorbents were compared to rate data obtained from systems wherein rate-limited sorption was caused by specific sorbate-sorbent interactions. This comparison showed that chemical nonequilibrium associated with specific sorbate-sorbent interactions does not significantly contribute to the rate-limited sorption of HOCs by natural sorbents. Transport-related nonequilibrium was also shown to not be a factor for the systems investigated. Hence, attempts were made to interpret the data in terms of two, sorption-related, diffusive mass-transfer conceptual models: retarded intraparticle diffusion and intraorganic matter diffusion. The analyses provide strong evidence that intraorganic matter diffusion was responsible for the nonequilibrium sorption exhibited by the systems investigated in this paper.
Selection of Co-cultures for Production of Cellulase -free Xylanase using Agro- waste and Optimization of Cultural conditions by Response surface methodology and Box-Behnken design

Solid state fermentation (SSF) offers numerous opportunities in processing of agro-industrial residues. This is partly because of lower energy requirements during SSF processes, and in turn they produce lesser waste water and are ecofriendly in nature as they resolve the problem of solid waste disposal (Muthuvelayudham and Viruthagiri, 2005). A comparison between the SSF and submerged fermentation (SmF), explains higher enzyme titers in the former than in the latter, when we use same fungal strain and fermentation broth (ViniegraGonzález et al., 2003). Large amounts of agro industria residues are generated every year from diverse economic activities. In the planet earth most of the freely available energy rich resources are agricultural residues, and if not used or discharged properly, they cause the environmental pollution (Frazier et al., 2008). Xylan, the main component of hemicellulose consists of a -1,4-linked Dxylosyl residue backbone branched with other pentoses, hexoses and uronic acids (Gilbert et al., 1993; Lynd et al., 2002). From the business point of view, important group of carbohydrolases are xylanases, and have a worldwide market of around 200 million dollars. Xylanases have potential industrial applications including ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 2 Number 12 (2013) pp. 418-434 http://www.ijcmas. com
Dry etching of GaP with emphasis on selective etching over AlGaP

A technique to etch GaP by reactive ion etching was developed and the effects of different etching parameters were studied. Also, selective etching of GaP over AlGaP was examined and demonstrated. Etching is achieved by using SiCl4, which will react with GaP to form volatile compounds. Selective etching is accomplished when SiF4 is used in addition to SiCl4. The addition of the fluorine-based gas will result in a nonvolatile etch-inhibiting layer, AlF3, when aluminum is present on the sample surface. By adjusting etching parameters, a selectivity as high as 126 is demonstrated. The presence of the AlF3 etch-inhibiting layer is verified by Auger electron spectroscopy, and the removal of this layer by buffered oxide etch is demonstrated. In addition, a direct comparison of etch rates for GaP and GaAs was made, and etch rates were found to be similar.
Effect of the dietary by-product grape seed cake on performances and carcass quality of TOPIGS pigs

Grape seed cake (GSC) is a valuable by-product for pigs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of GSC in the diet of finishing pigs on performances (body weight, BW;Â feed intake, FI; average daily gain, ADG; feed efficiency, FE; feed conversion, FC), carcass quality (fat thickness, FT; eye muscle area, EMA; lean meat proportion in carcass, LMP) and classes of quality (CC). Twenty four pigs during 24 days (75.63Â±1.41, BW) were assigned to 2 groups (control, C and experimental, GC). Group C received a classical compound feed whereas in the diet of group GC 3% corn and 2% protein sources were replaced by 5% GSC. PIGLOG 105 apparatus was used to measure the carcass quality. Muscle pH and temperature (T) at different periods of time (45â€™, 24 h and 48 h) was assessed by pH-meter (Hanna HI 99163). The BW (C-97.83kg, GC-102.00 kg; P>0.05), FI (C-3.41 kg/day; GC-3.42 kg/day; P>0.05), ADG (C-0.848 kg/day; GC-0.848 kg/day; P>0.05), FE (C-4.02 kg feed/gain; GC-4.03 kg feed/gain kg; P>0.05), FC (C-0.25 kg gain/feed kg; GC-0.25 kg gain/feed kg) showed that the GSC maintaining the physiological state of the animals. The LMP slightly increased in the carcass of GC comparing with C. The muscle pH and T (45â€™ and 24 h) wasnâ€™t affected by (P>0.05) GCS. All carcass were included in E class. In conclusion feeding finishing pigs with GSC, not significantly affect the animal performances or carcass quality.
Fluxes of Carbon Dioxide, Nitrous Oxide, and Methane in Grass Sod and Winter Wheat‐Fallow Tillage Management

Cropping and tillage management can increase atmospheric CO{sub 2}, N{sub 2}O, and CH{sub 4} concentrations, and contribute to global warming and destruction of the ozone layer. Fluxes of these gases in vented surface chambers, and water-filled pore space (WFPS) and temperature of surface soil were measured weekly from a long-term winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow rotation system under chemical and mechanical tillage follow management and compared with those from native grass sod at Sidney, NE, from March 1993 to July 1995. Cropping, tillage, within-field location, time of year, soil temperature, and WFPS influenced net greenhouse gas fluxes. Mean annual interrow CO{sub 2} emissions from wheat-fallow ranged from 6.0 to 20.1 kg C ha{sup {minus}1} d{sup {minus}1} and generally increased with intensity and degree of tillage. Nitrous oxide flux averaged autumn > winter. Winter periods accounted for 4 to 10% and 3 to 47% of the annual CO{sub 2} and N{sub 2}O flux, respectively, and 12 to 21% of the annual CH{sub 4} uptake. Fluxes of CO{sub 2} and N{sub 2}O, and CH{sub 4} uptake increased linearly with soil temperature. No-till fallow exhibited the least threat to deterioration of atmospheric or soil quality as reflected by greater CH{sub 4} uptake, decreased N{sub 2}O and CO{sub w} emissions, and less loss of soil organic C than tilled soils. However, potential for increased C sequestration in this wheat-fallow system is limited due to reduced C input from intermittent cropping. « less
The Application of Biplanar Videoradiography to the Study of Kinematic and Kinetic Factors Associated with Non-Contact Deceleration

The use of biplanar videoradiography technology has become increasingly popular for evaluating joint function in vivo. Two fundamentally different methods are currently employed to reconstruct 3-D bone motions captured using this technology. Markerbased tracking requires at least three radio-opaque markers to be implanted in the bone of interest. Markerless tracking makes use of algorithms designed to match 3D bone shapes to biplanar videoradiography data. In order to reliably quantify in vivo bone motion, the systematic error of these tracking techniques should be evaluated. Herein, we present new markerless tracking software that makes use of modern GPU technology, describe a versatile method for quantifying the systematic error of a biplanar videoradiography motion capture system using independent gold standard instrumentation, and evaluate the systematic error of the W.M. Keck XROMM Facility’s biplanar videoradiography system using both marker-based and markerless tracking algorithms under static and dynamic motion conditions. A polycarbonate flag embedded with 12 radio-opaque markers was used to evaluate the systematic error of the marker-based tracking algorithm. Three human cadaveric bones (distal femur, distal radius, and distal ulna) were used to evaluate the systematic error of the markerless tracking algorithm. The systematic error was evaluated by comparing motions to independent gold standard instrumentation. Static motions were compared to high accuracy linear and rotary stages while dynamic motions were compared to a high accuracy angular displacement transducer. Marker-based tracking was shown to effectively track motion to within 0.1 mm and 0.1° under static and dynamic conditions. Furthermore, the presented results indicate that markerless tracking can be used to effectively track rapid bone motions to within 0.15° for the distal aspects of the femur, radius, and ulna. Both marker-based and markerless tracking techniques were in excellent agreement with the gold standard instrumentation for both static
THE INFLUENCE OF MAGNESIUM IN SALINE AND SODIC SOILS: A SPECIFIC EFFECT OR A PROBLEM OF CATION EXCHANGE?

Summary Na-Mg and Na-Ca exchange isotherms were determined at electrolyte concentrations of 500, 50, 5 and 1 meq per litre for illite, vermiculite and montmorillonite and for three soils containing illite and montmorillonite. This enabled comparisons to be made of clay swelling, dispersion and soil hydraulic conductivity changes between the Na-Mg and Na-Ca systems at known SAR, ESP and electrolyte concentration. Na-Mg montmoriUonite and a montmorillonitic soil behaved identically to the Na-Ca systems at the same ESP and electrolyte concentration: there was no specific effect. At the same SAR, the higher ESP in the Na-Mg system caused greater changes than in the Na-Ca systems. The Na-Mg vermiculite, illite, illitic soil and mixed illite-montmorillonitic soil showed greater changes than the Na-Ca systems at the same ESP, and there was a specific effect. At the same SAR, the higher ESP in all the Na-Mg systems apart from vermiculite increased the differences, but for vermiculite with a lower ESP, the differences were reduced. The lack of a specific effect for montmorillonite is probably related to the demixing of cations with the divalent ions concentrated on the non-swelling (internal) surfaces of the crystals.
Charge Transport and Recombination in Perovskite (CH3NH3)PbI3 Sensitized TiO2 Solar Cells

We report on the effect of TiO2 film thickness on the charge transport, recombination, and device characteristics of perovskite (CH3NH3)PbI3 sensitized solar cells using iodide-based electrolytes. (CH3NH3)PbI3 is relatively stable in a nonpolar solvent (e.g., ethyl acetate) with a low iodide concentration (e.g., 80 mM). Frequency-resolved modulated photocurrent/photovoltage spectroscopies show that increasing TiO2 film thickness from 1.8 to 8.3 μm has little effect on transport but increases recombination by more than 10-fold, reducing the electron diffusion length from 16.9 to 5.5 μm, which can be explained by the higher degree of iodide depletion within the TiO2 pores for thicker films. The changes of the charge-collection and light-absorption properties of (CH3NH3)PbI3 sensitized cells with varying TiO2 film thickness strongly affect the photocurrent density, photovoltage, fill factor, and solar conversion efficiency. Developing alternative, compatible redox electrolytes is important for (CH3NH3)PbI3 o.
Reprezentacije nekih iracionalnih W-algebri

In this thesis we study certain irrational \(\mathcal{W}\)-algebras and their representations. Main example that we investigate is the simple Bershadsky-Polyakov vertex algebra \(\mathcal{W}_k(=\mathcal{W}_k(sl_3, f_\theta))\), i.e. the minimal affine \(\mathcal{W}\)-algebra associated to \(sl_3\). T. Arakawa proved in [9] that \(\mathcal{W}_k\) is rational if \(k\) is a half integer greater that \(-3/2\). We study cases where \(\mathcal{W}_k\) is irrational, and classify \(\mathcal{W}_k\)-modules for certain \(k\). Main tools that we use to classify irreducible modules are Zhu's theory and formulas for singular vectors. Zhu algebra is realized as a quotient of the Smith algebra from [44]. Classification of irreducible strong modules for \(\mathcal{W}_k\) (i.e. modules with finite dimensional weight subspaces for the the operator \(L(0)\)) is hence connected to the classification of finite dimensional representations of the Smith algebra. In the case \(k=-5/3\), we show that \(\mathcal{W}_k\) is realized as a vertex subalgebra of the Weyl vertex algebra. We prove that in this case \(\mathcal{W}_k\) has exactly 6 irreducible strong modules. In the case \(k=-9/4\) , \(\mathcal{W}_k\) is an important example of a logarithmic vertex algebra. We classify strong \(\mathcal{W}_k\)-modules for \(k=-9/4\) and prove that \(\mathcal{W}_k\) has exactly 3 irreducible strong modules. In order to show that \(\mathcal{W}_k\) is irrational, we construct an uncountable family of weight modules for \(\mathcal{W}_k\) outside of category \(\mathcal{O}\). We construct a family of singular vectors which generalizes Arakawa’s formulas for singular vectors for \(k\) half integer from [9]. For \(k=-1\) and \(k=0\) we classify all modules in the category \(\mathcal{O}\). In the case \(k=0\), we give an explicit realization of the vertex algebra \(\mathcal{W}_k\) and its modules as certain irrational subalgebras of lattice VOAs. We also study the algebra \(\mathcal{W}_k\) when \(k\) is an integer greater than -1.
A multi-screening approach for marine-derived fungal metabolites and the isolation of cyclodepsipeptides from Beauveria felina

Extracts obtained from 57 marine-derived fungal strains were analyzed by HPLC-PDA, TLC and 1H NMR. The analyses showed that the growth conditions affected the chemical profile of crude extracts. Furthermore, the majority of fungal strains which produced either bioactive of chemically distinctive crude extracts have been isolated from sediments or marine algae. The chemical investigation of the antimycobacterial and cytotoxic crude extract obtained from two strains of the fungus Beauveria felina have yielded cyclodepsipeptides related to destruxins. The present approach constitutes a valuable tool for the selection of fungal strains that produce chemically interesting or biologically active secondary metabolites.
4‐Hydroxyimino‐2‐phenylperhydroquinolinium chloride hemihydrate

The title compound, C15H21N2O+·Cl−·0.5H2O, crystallizes with two cations, two anions and one water molecule in the asymmetric unit. Both the piperidine and cyclo­hexane rings adopt chair conformations and the oxime groups are basically planar. The cyclo­hexane ring is equatorially oriented with respect to the piperidine ring. The crystal structure is stabilized by N—H⋯Cl, C—H⋯Cl, C—H⋯O, N—H⋯N and O—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds. A water mol­ecule that bridges the two crystallographically independent chloride anions via hydrogen bonds is disordered over two chemically equivalent sites, with occupancy factors of ca 0.9:0.1.
Polymeric Nanocomposite Material with a Periodic Structure

A new approach to producing polymer nanocomposite materials with optically sensitive matrixes is developed. Core−shell latex particles with rigid cores and relatively soft shells are synthesized, packed into a three-dimensional array, and annealed at the temperature at which the shell-forming polymer (SFP) flows and forms a continuous phase, whereas the latex cores remain intact. During latex synthesis, low-molecular-weight species, such as a fluorescent dye, are incorporated into the SFP, thus leading do the polymer-based nanocomposite material with a fluorescent matrix. High modulation in composition and optical properties of the material is achieved by covalently attaching the dye to the SFP, which is accompanied by polymer cross-linking. Mixing of the dye in the SFP, especially when it is not followed by polymer cross-linking, results in a substantial reduction in optical contrast between the particles and the matrix.
A bifurcation sequence to stationary spatial patterns in a nonuniform chemical model system with equal diffusion coefficients

Numerical studies of the Gray–Scott model with equal diffusion coefficients show that a simple kinetic scheme can produce a transition sequence from a simple spatial state to stable stationary structures in an open spatial reactor with external gradients. The system displays multistability between periodic states, diffusion‐induced aperiodic states and different steady patterns. The main upshot of the investigation is that external gradients greatly facilitate the self‐organization of chemical structures.