Small Non-Coding RNAs - Diagnostic and Therapeutic News

Male Nekodirajuće RNK-Novine U Dijagnostici I Terapiji Nekodirajuće RNK predstavljaju specifič nu klasu RNK koje ne služe u procesu translacije proteina. One učestvuju u nizu različitih regulatornih procesa vezanih za proces transkripcije i posttranskripcioni nivo. Pomenuta familija RNK sadrži različite tipove, ali su gotovo sve oko 20-30 nukleotida dugačke, nastale iz prekursora veće dužine. Neke od njih, kao što je siRNK (mala interferentna RNK) formiraju se nakon razgradnje dvostrukospiralnih RNK (dsRNK) i udružene su sa virusnom infekcijom. Druge familije, poznate kao mikro RNK (miRNK), kodiraju se od strane specifičnih gena. Glavna funkcija je inhibicija translacije, razgradnja mRNK ili indukcija razgradnje mRNK, poznata kao utišavanje mRNK. Prepoznavanje target mRNK moguće je po principu komplementarnosti baza. Stepen komplementarnosti određuje uspešnost utišavanja. Korišćenje iRNK u antivirusnom odgovoru predstavlja novi terapijski izazov. Dok neke siRNK imaju zadatak da suprimiraju razvoj oboljenja (virus), druge su uključene u razvoj humanih kancera. Stoga je njihova identifikacija važna sa dijagnostičkog i terapijskog aspekta kod različitih tipova karcinoma i različitih stadijuma oboljenja. Neki tipovi miRNK su udruženi sa razvojem degenerativnih i metabolič kih oboljenja. S obzirom na to da pravilan razvoj nervnog sistema, insulinska sekrecija, kao i važni metabolički procesi zahtevaju preciznu kontrolu na nivou ekspresije gena, kontrola stabilnosti i translacije mRNK putem malih nekodirajuć ih RNK predstavlja dominantnu regulaciju različitih metaboličkih, endokrinih i neuroloških procesa. Small Non-Coding RNAs - Diagnostic and Therapeutic News Non-coding RNAs represent a specific type of RNAs that are non translated into proteins. They participate in a number of different regulatory processes concerning the transcriptional and posttranscriptional level. This family contains different types, each mainly 20-30 nucleotides long, excised from longer precursors. Some of them, such as siRNAs (small interfering RNAs) are formed during longer double-stranded dsRNA cleavage associated with the viral infection. Another family, named micro RNAs (miRNA) are encoded by specific genes. The main function is to repress or degrade mRNA translation or to induce mRNA degradation, know as RNA silencing. They recognize target mRNA according to the sequence-specific base pairing. The degree of complementarity directs the outcome of the reaction. The use of RNAi as a defence against different viruses was documented as a new therapeutic tool. Some siRNAs have a potential of silencing disease (virus) specific RNAs, while miRNAs are involved in development of human cancers. Their profiling can be used as diagnostic and prognostic tool in different cancer types and different cancer stages. Some of the miRNA-associated genes are implicated in the development of degenerative and metabolic diseases. Since the proper development of the nervous system, insulin secretion and important metabolic processes requires precise control of gene expression, control of the translation and stability of many mRNAs by the small non-coding RNAs is emerging as an important regulator of various metabolic, endocrine and neurological processes.