Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Macroeconomic implications of virtual shopping: a theoretical approach

Recently, parallel to developments in the communication technology, online shopping has become increasingly popular for many products, like books, CDs, software, and computers. Most analysts conjecture that the future will witness a wider basket of products and a higher trade volume via the Internet. This paper investigates the economic implications of Internet shopping in a Ricardian equilibrium framework. First, it shows the necessary and sufficient condition for the shift to Internet shopping. Next, it indicates that macroeconomic variables like consumption and income rise when this shift takes place. Thus, this paper shows that the economic implications of Internet shopping will be higher than the current experience and Internet shopping will become an important element of the `new economy\' when the bulky part of the shopping is done via the Internet.
Poulter and Catherine Purcell to Cross the Road Reduced Sensitivity to Visual Looming Inflates the Risk Posed by Speeding Vehicles When Children Try

Almost all locomotor animals respond to visual looming or to discrete changes in optical size. The need to detect and process looming remains critically important for humans in everyday life. Road traffic statistics confirm that children up to 15 years old are overrepresented in pedestrian casualties. We demonstrate that, for a given pedestrian crossing time, vehicles traveling faster loom less than slower vehicles, which creates a dangerous illusion in which faster vehicles may be perceived as not approaching. Our results from perceptual tests of looming thresholds show strong developmental trends in sensitivity, such that children may not be able to detect vehicles approaching at speeds in excess of 20 mph. This creates a risk of injudicious road crossing in urban settings when traffic speeds are higher than 20 mph. The risk is exacerbated because vehicles moving faster than this speed are more likely to result in pedestrian fatalities.
Achieving Bangladesh's Tourism Potential: Linkages to Export Diversification, Employment Generation and the 'Green Economy'

Bangladesh's international image is not as a popular tourism destination, and many people might be surprised to learn it has three World Heritage sites, including the Sundarbans tiger reserves. Moreover, it is part of important travel circuits for cultural and religious tourism, and has demonstrated potential for sports tourism. The objective of this working paper is to critically test the assertion that pro-poor "green" tourism is one of the best development options for the majority of least developed countries (LDCs) - a challenging task in Bangladesh in the face of the country's success as an exporter of readymade garments - by comparing tourism to the available alternatives with regard to the crucial government priorities of export diversification, employment generation and the "green economy". It is well-known that Bangladesh is under strong pressure to diversify its exports, to generate new employment (especially in rural areas), and to respond to critical environmental issues. The government has identified over 30 "thrust sectors" (including tourism) to help address these challenges, but otherwise tourism is rarely mentioned as a major trade and development option for Bangladesh. Within the limitations of data availability, this working paper reaches the conclusion that greater efforts to develop "green" tourism would be highly beneficial for facilitating rural development, environmental and cultural protection, gender equality, and export diversification in services. The most obvious current impediments are inadequate infrastructure, lack of investment and (typically election year) political conflict, but behind these factors appear to be a serious lack of stakeholder coordination, insufficient regulatory and administrative transparency and coherence, as well as some government reluctance to relinquish greater commercial autonomy in tourism to the private sector. This paper offers extensive analysis and some suggestions to help address the impediments, including the recommendation to create a Bangladesh Tourism Stakeholders Forum.
Work-Related Psychological Wellbeing: Testing the Balanced Affect Model among Anglican Clergy

Poor work-related psychological health and professional burnout remain issues of concern among clergy across denominations and across cultures. Maslach’s three-component model of burnout remains the most frequently employed conceptualization and measure in clergy research. Maslach proposes a sequential model of burnout. An alternative approach has been offered by the Francis Burnout Inventory that comprises two components. Francis proposes a balanced affect model of burnout according to which negative affect (emotional exhaustion) is offset by positive affect (satisfaction in ministry). This study draws on data provided by around 658 clergy serving in the Church of England to test this balanced affect model. Employing independent measures of burnout, the data demonstrated the significance of the interaction term between positive affect and negative affect in predicting individual differences in burnout. In other words, as positive affect increases the effects of negative affect decrease.
Defining Consent and Revocation Policies

In this paper we present the notion of a consent and revocation policy, as it has been defined within the context of the EnCoRe project. A consent and revocation policy is different to a privacy policy in that it defines not enterprise practices with regards to personal data, but more specifically, for each item of personal data held by an enterprise, what consent preferences a user may express and to what degree, and in what ways he or she can revoke their personal data. This builds on earlier work on defining the different forms of revocation for personal data, and on formal models of consent and revocation processes.
Nodular heterotopia is built upon layers

Gray matter heterotopia, agglomerates of morphologically normal cortical neurons at an abnormal site, is the most common human neuronal migration disorder. Heterotopia can be unilateral or bilateral, subependymal or subcortical, or it can extend from the subependymal region to the subcortex.1 Most individuals with heterotopia come to medical attention because of epileptic seizures, although the spectrum of clinical presentation is wide.2 A lingering question concerns precisely how impairments in neuronal migration give rise to diverse syndromes. For instance, the most notable feature of lissencephaly, subcortical band heterotopia (SBH), and nodular heterotopia (NH) is a failure in the migration of early postmitotic neurons from their site of birth in the ventricular zone to the cortical plate. This migration failure results in the thickened and abnormally laminated cerebral cortex found in lissencephaly, the abnormal band of neurons found beneath the cerebral cortex in SBH, and the neuronal nodules lining the ventricular zone or just beneath a normal-appearing cerebral cortex in NH.3 As yet undetermined is whether other cellular defects occur in these syndromes, in addition to the migration defects. A better understanding of the functional organization of heterotopic nodules could also have practical implications for the planning of surgical treatment for the associated epilepsy. There appears to be no difference in …
Branding Orientation in the Accommodation Industry

This paper starts by clarifying the role of branding orientation (BO) among academic studies. It shortly introduces the development of the BO concepts. The empirical part consists of a search for and analysing of academic articles using a meta-analysis that consider BO in the accommodation industry. According to the results, signifi cant appraisal of the branding building activities among higher star rating and luxury accommodation businesses are taking place due to the increasingly demanding guests. Thus, there is an upward pressure on small and medium accommodation businesses to survive or perform well. This paper recommends that scholars study the owners-managers, employees, and customer perspectives altogether, to better comprehend how large accommodation businesses displaying BO can generate superior performance. For the small and medium accommodation businesses, the emphasis is the owners-managers perceptions since they are the main decision-makers, and due to infancy of the small and medium enterprise branding application.
Sequence Motifs and Proteolytic Cleavage of the Collagen-Like Glycoprotein BclA Required for Its Attachment to the Exosporium of Bacillus anthracis

ABSTRACT Bacillus anthracis spores are enclosed by an exosporium comprised of a basal layer and an external hair-like nap. The filaments of the nap are composed of trimers of the collagen-like glycoprotein BclA. The attachment of essentially all BclA trimers to the exosporium requires the basal layer protein BxpB, and both proteins are included in stable high-molecular-mass exosporium complexes. BclA contains a proteolytically processed 38-residue amino-terminal domain (NTD) that is essential for basal-layer attachment. In this report, we identify three NTD submotifs (SM1a, SM1b, and SM2, located within residues 21 to 33) that are important for BclA attachment and demonstrate that residue A20, the amino-terminal residue of processed BclA, is not required for attachment. We show that the shortest NTD of BclA—or of a recombinant protein—sufficient for high-level basal-layer attachment is a 10-residue motif consisting of an initiating methionine, an apparently arbitrary second residue, SM1a or SM1b, and SM2. We also demonstrate that cleavage of the BclA NTD is necessary for efficient attachment to the basal layer and that the site of cleavage is somewhat flexible, at least in certain mutant NTDs. Finally, we propose a mechanism for BclA attachment and discuss the possibility that analogous mechanisms are involved in the attachment of many different collagen-like proteins of B. anthracis and closely related Bacillus species.
Ultrasound mediated delivery of liposomal doxorubicin in prostate tumor tissue

Combining ultrasound exposure and liposomal encapsulated anti-cancer drugs has beneficial synergistic effects in cancer therapy, although little is known about the underlying mechanisms. This study has focused on investigating the effect of different ultrasound exposures (1 MHz and 300 kHz) on delivery and distribution of liposomal doxorubicin in Balb/c nude mice bearing prostate cancer xenografts. Ultrasound exposure was done 24 h after administration of liposomes to study the effect on liposomes present in extracellular matrix. Optical imaging methods were used to evaluate the effects of the ultrasound exposures both on subcellular microscopic level and macroscopically of organs. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that ultrasound-exposed tumors had increased amounts of released doxorubicin in tumor tissue compared to unexposed control tumors. Image analysis demonstrated an increased distance from blood vessels to areas with liposomes and released doxorubicin in tumors exposed to 1 MHz ultrasound. Whole animal optical imaging showed uptake of liposomes both in normal tissue as well as tumor tissue.
A Study of the Influencing Factors on the User Satisfaction for the UCI Digital Identifier System

Korean Government has invested a lot of efforts on digital contents industry. It believes that the digital contents industry enables Korea to regain the reputation of the most powerful IT country. Among its various efforts to promote the digital contents industry, a Digital Contents Identifier System, called UCI(Universal Contents Identifier), has been developed and deployed. UCI has provided a critical infrastructure for digital contents production and distribution. Thanks to Korean Government's efforts, users (companies and individuals) have currently registered 3.8 million digital contents through 25 RA organizations. Although the number of registered contents has been increased rapidly, many organizations hesitate to adopt the UCI system due to the lack of visible and short-term returns from the UCI system. Thus, this research tries to explore factors which affect UCI user satisfaction. This research finds that user's awareness, information quality, and service quality are the critical influencing factors toward UCI user satisfaction. In addition, this research finds that the critical influencing factors in public organizations are different from the critical influencing factors in private organizations. These findings hopefully provide useful guidelines for disseminating the UCI system widely.
Low-Complexity Group Alternate Iterative List Detection for MIMO Systems

In this paper, we propose a low-complexity group alternate iterative list (GAIL) detection algorithm for MIMO systems. By utilizing the recursive interference suppression and successive interference cancellation techniques, the symbol vector can be partitioned into many subgroups. Subsequently, symbols in each subgroup are detected in terms of the K-best detector. The inter-group interference is effectively mitigated in the GAIL algorithm by creating a candidate list and iteratively correcting the unreliable symbols for the detection result. We provide the performance-complexity tradeoff based on different feasible parameter settings. The numerical results demonstrate that the GAIL algorithm can achieve close-to-optimal performance while maintaining low computational complexity. In addition, the running speed of the GAIL algorithm can be dramatically increased using parallel processing in real-time communication systems.
Antiviral activity of SK&F 21681 against herpes simplex virus

SK&F 21681 (3,10-dimethyl-10-H-s-triazolo[4',3':2,3]-as-triazino-[ 5,6-b]indole) is an inhibitor of the growth of herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 at a concentration of 60 micrograms/ml. It inhibits the synthesis of the viral DNA and the formation of virus particles, although the viral polypeptide synthesis is not significantly affected by this compound. Mutants of herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 which are able to grow in the presence of SK&F 21681 were isolated. They induced normal levels of thymidine kinase and DNA polymerase activities in the infected cells and did not show resistance to either 9-[2-hydroxyethoxymethyl] guanine or phosphonoacetic acid.
Visualization and Trafficking of the Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporter in Living Cholinergic Cells

Abstract: The present experiments investigated the trafficking of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) tagged with the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in living cholinergic cells (SN56). The EGFP‐VAChT chimera was located in endosomal‐like compartments in the soma of SN56 cells, and it was also targeted to varicosities of neurites. In contrast, EGFP alone in cells was soluble in the cytoplasm. The C‐terminal cytoplasmic tail of VAChT has been implicated in targeting of VAChT to synaptic vesicles; thus, we have examined the role of the C‐terminal region in the trafficking to varicosities. A C‐terminal fragment tagged with EGFP appeared to be selectively accumulated in varicosities when expressed in SN56 cells. Interestingly, the protein was not freely soluble in the cytosol, and it presented a punctate pattern of expression. However, EGFP‐C terminus did not present this peculiar pattern of expression in a nonneuronal cell line (HEK 293). Moreover, the C‐terminal region of VAChT did not seem to be essential for VAChT trafficking, as a construct that lacks the C‐terminal tail was, similar to EGFP‐VAChT, partially targeted to endocytic organelles in the soma and sorted to varicosities. These experiments visualize VAChT for the first time in living cells and suggest that there might be multiple signals that participate in trafficking of VAChT to sites of synaptic vesicle accumulation.
Design of on-line testing for SoC with IEEE P1500 compliant cores using reconfigurable hardware and scan shift

In this paper, a new design for online testing of system on a chip (SoC) is presented. The proposed method is based on usage of the available IEEE P1500 architecture and a small embedded FPGA core. Our method has a little additional routing overhead of the SoC, which keeps its performance much higher than conventional approaches. The design of this method is easy and it does not make a burden on the system designer. The error latency has an order of only few minutes in worst case scenario. We present the hardware implementation of this method and evaluate its performances.
No association between GPX Pro198Leu and risk of basal cell carcinoma.

Skin cancer is the most frequent type of cancer in the Western World, and the strongest known risk factor is exposure to UV light. The high-energy UV-B and UV-C light only constitute a small fraction of the total UV light in sunlight. UV-B and UV-C light induce pyrimidine dimers that are repaired by
In There or Up Front? : An Introduction to Bottom-Line Human Resource Management

This essay explains to managers and academics a new approach to human resource management, what I call “Bottom-Line Human Resource Management. ” Bottom-line human resource management starts by positing clear organizational goals, and in this way differs from strategic human resource management, which starts with analysis of the organization’s human resource strategy. Organizational goals are easily classified; managers cannot manage well unless they know which class of organization they are working in. Not all decisions have right and wrong answers but some do. Managers will earn a seat at the table if they are able to make correct decisions in these cases and to ask correct questions the rest of the time. By embracing their organization’s goals, using sound decision criteria, and conveying their decisions in jargon-free English, managers will be valued partners.
Peripheral blood proteins predict mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

RATIONALE Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal lung disease of unknown etiology with a variable and unpredictable course. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify and validate plasma proteins that are predictive of outcome in IPF. METHODS Plasma samples were available for 241 patients with IPF (140 derivation and 101 validation). In the derivation cohort, concentrations of 92 proteins were analyzed using a multiplex bead-based immunoassay and concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7, MMP-1, and surfactant protein D were assessed by ELISA. In the validation cohort concentrations of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, IL-8, and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 were assessed by bead-based multiplex assay, and S100A12 and MMP-7 by ELISA. Associations of biomarkers with mortality, transplant-free survival, and disease progression were tested in the derivation and validation cohorts using nonparametric methods of survival analysis and the Cox proportional hazards model, and an integrated risk prediction score was derived and tested. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS High concentrations of MMP-7, ICAM-1, IL-8, VCAM-1, and S100A12 predicted poor overall survival, poor transplant-free survival, and poor progression-free survival in the derivation cohort. In the independent validation cohort high concentrations of all five were predictive of poor transplant-free survival; MMP-7, ICAM-1, and IL-8 of overall survival; and ICAM-1 of poor progression-free survival. The personal clinical and molecular mortality prediction index derived in the derivation cohort was highly predictive of mortality in the validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that plasma proteins should be evaluated as a tool for prognosis determination in prioritization of patients for lung transplantation and stratification in drug studies.
Random Effects Selection in Linear Mixed Models

Summary. We address the important practical problem of how to select the random effects component in a linear mixed model. A hierarchical Bayesian model is used to identify any random effect with zero variance. The proposed approach reparameterizes the mixed model so that functions of the covariance parameters of the random effects distribution are incorporated as regression coefficients on standard normal latent variables. We allow random effects to effectively drop out of the model by choosing mixture priors with point mass at zero for the random effects variances. Due to the reparameterization, the model enjoys a conditionally linear structure that facilitates the use of normal conjugate priors. We demonstrate that posterior computation can proceed via a simple and efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. The methods are illustrated using simulated data and real data from a study relating prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and psychomotor development of children.
Capital Structure and Financial Risks in Non-Conventional Banking System

We discuss issues of capital structure and enforcement in Islamic finance only to the extent that Islamic financial institutions differ from their conventional counterparts. Substantive differences do in fact exist. This paper presents the capital adequacy framework for Islamic banks compared to the setting up of the Basel II capital adequacy framework. We discusses of the risk profile of an Islamic banking and on the relationship between risk management and capital structure, it overviews specific risk categories for Islamic banks as an initial step in risk management, and highlight the differences and similarities in importance of these causes for Islamic banks. We present appropriate risk weights to unrestricted investments in order to defining their own capital requirements with regard to loss tolerance.
Combustion of nuclear matter into strange matter.

We study the properties of the combustion of pure neutron matter into strange matter in the framework of relativistic hydrodynamical theory of combustion. Because of the uncertainties in the actual properties of neutron matter, we employ the free neutron, Bethe-Johnson, Lattimer-Ravenhall, and Walecka equations of state and for strange matter we adopt the MIT bag model approximation. We find that combustion is possible for free neutron, Bethe-Johnson, and Lattimer-Ravenhall neutron matter but not for Walecka neutron matter. We interpret these results using a simple polytropic approximation showing that there exists a general flammability condition. We also study the burning of neutron matter into strange matter in a pipe showing that hydrodynamics demands flames faster than predicted by kinetics by several orders of magnitude, implying that the flame must be turbulent. Also the conditions for the deflagration to detonation transition are addressed, showing that in a pipe some of them are satisfied, strongly suggesting that the actual combustion mode should be detonation.
Defect Induced Ferromagnetism in Undoped ZnO Nanoparticles

Undoped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) with size ∼12 nm were produced using forced hydrolysis methods using diethylene glycol (DEG) [called ZnO-I] or denatured ethanol [called ZnO-II] as the reaction solvent; both using Zn acetate dehydrate as precursor. Both samples showed weak ferromagnetic behavior at 300 K with saturation magnetization Ms = 0.077 ± 0.002 memu/g and 0.088 ± 0.013 memu/g for ZnO-I and ZnO-II samples, respectively. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed that ZnO-I nanocrystals had DEG fragments linked to their surface. Photoluminescence (PL) data showed a broad emission near 500 nm for ZnO-II which is absent in the ZnO-I samples, presumably due to the blocking of surface traps by the capping molecules. Intentional oxygen vacancies created in the ZnO-I NPs by annealing at 450 °C in flowing Ar gas gradually increased Ms up to 90 min and x-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) suggested that oxygen vacancies may have a key role in the observed changes in Ms. Finally, PL spectra of ZnO showed t.