Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rationale Wirtschaftspolitik in einem komplexen System

Starting point for the present analysis is the finding, that a market economy represents an interactive complex and open system. A discussion of these properties emphasised by systems theory leads to the result, that attempts to steer such a system by means of economic policy have to face narrow boundaries, which can only be surpassed by initiating unpredictable reactions of the system. As a consequence the steering knowledge is considered to be unsatisfactory from the point of view of an economic policy guided by the rationality principle. This leads to the question, how interventions should look like, which comply with the steering properties of the system. It requires a reformulation of the criterion of systems conformity by drawing on two processes, which govern the economic performance of the system. According to this criterion, interventions should neither interfere with the self-coordination of the actors nor with their selfcontrol by competitive action. Considering typical examples of interventions leads to the unpleasant result that there are good reasons to accept the hypothesis of rent-seeking as a salient feature of economic policy-making. Interventions emerge from the interaction between a rent-seeking lobby and rent-creating political actors. Finally considering scientific policy advice, a conflict between the advisor who himself has committed to systems conformity, and the advised political actor, who is involved in rent-creating, is bound to emerge. This conflict can only be solved by engaging in constitutional reforms, which change the incentive situation of political actors completely. However, such reforms are difficult to bring about, because they manifestly go against the interests of political actors who have to set their own constitutional rules. JEL-Klassifikation: Η 00 * Max-Planck-Institut zur Erforschung von Wirtschaftssystemen, Abteilung Institutionenökonomik und Wirtschaftspolitik, Kahlaische Str. 10, D 07745 Jena, E-Mail: streit@mpiew-jena.mpg. de. Für kritische Hinweise danke ich meinen Mitarbeitern Oliver Volckart lind Sven Pinkert. Rationale Wirtschaftspolitik in einem komplexen System 69
Dehydration and rehydration process in boggsite: An in situ X-ray single-crystal study

Abstract The dehydration-rehydration process in boggsite |K0.06Na0. 36Sr0.01Ca7. 00Mg1.20Fe0. 05(H2O)70| [Al17.52Si78. 62O192]-BOG, a rare natural pentasil zeolite characterized by a 3D channel system of 10- and 12-rings, occurs in space group Imma with cell parameters a = 20.291(1), b = 23.840(1), c = 12.807(1) Å, and V = 6195.2 Å3 at 25 °C. Single-crystal X-ray data collections were carried out at room temperature, at 150, 350, and 500 °C in a hot nitrogen stream, and after the crystal was cooled down to 150 °C and then again at room temperature. During these processes, the variation in the unit-cell volume was always less than 1.4%. At room conditions boggsite is characterized by strong disorder in cation and H2O molecule distribution, with many partially occupied sites weakly interacting with the framework. At 150 °C, where most of the water is lost, three extraframework cation sites were located. At 350 °C boggsite is fully dehydrated and five cation sites are present; three of these are fourfold coordinated and the others are sixfold coordinated. As a consequence of the migration of the cations, at 500 °C only four cation sites are present. The rehydration process causes distortion of the boggsite channels; the 10-ring reduces its free area by about 1 Å2, whereas the area of the 12-ring channel grows from 40 to 42 Å2. The dehydration process is rapid and completely reversible.
Detection of Sparse Anomalies in High-Dimensional Network Telescope Signals

Network operators and system administrators are increasingly overwhelmed with incessant cyber-security threats ranging from malicious network reconnaissance to attacks such as distributed denial of service and data breaches. A large number of these attacks could be prevented if the network operators were better equipped with threat intelligence information that would allow them to block or throttle nefarious scanning activities. Network telescopes or"darknets"offer a unique window into observing Internet-wide scanners and other malicious entities, and they could offer early warning signals to operators that would be critical for infrastructure protection and/or attack mitigation. A network telescope consists of unused or"dark"IP spaces that serve no users, and solely passively observes any Internet traffic destined to the"telescope sensor"in an attempt to record ubiquitous network scanners, malware that forage for vulnerable devices, and other dubious activities. Hence, monitoring network telescopes for timely detection of coordinated and heavy scanning activities is an important, albeit challenging, task. The challenges mainly arise due to the non-stationarity and the dynamic nature of Internet traffic and, more importantly, the fact that one needs to monitor high-dimensional signals (e.g., all TCP/UDP ports) to search for"sparse"anomalies. We propose statistical methods to address both challenges in an efficient and"online"manner; our work is validated both with synthetic data as well as real-world data from a large network telescope.
Recovery Rate Modelling of Non-performing Consumer Loans

This thesis work has been designed in collaboration with Hoist Finance, which is a debt restructuring partner to international banks. The aim has been to estimate the present value of the portfolios that Hoist has purchased historically, by forecasting how much of the debts that will be re-payed by the customers each month in the future. The forecasts are calculated by using variants of both multiple linear regression and neural network regression.
Design and control of Supernumerary Robotic Limbs for near-ground work

Supernumerary Robotic Limbs (SRLs) are a recent form of robot that augment natural human abilities through the addition of body-mounted robotic appendages which can move independently of the wearer. This thesis provides a detailed analysis of the MantisBot, an SRL morphology that provides a wearer with two torso-mounted limbs that support the body in crawlingand kneeling-like positions, such that the wearer's natural arms are free to do useful work near the ground. First, the concept and its motivations are discussed, followed by a biomechanical analysis of the humanrobot system. Two full-scale prototypes are then introduced, and control laws used in supporting a wearer's body both statically using impedance control, and dynamically using predictive models of natural crawling gaits, are developed. Finally, the system is experimentally validated, and it is concluded that SRLs for near-ground work are a valid and useful tool for improving worker comfort and productivity. Thesis Supervisor: H. Harry Asada Title: Ford Professor of Mechanical Engineering
Behavioral Pattern of Internet Use among University Students of Pakistan

This study uses a survey to analyze the behavioral pattern of Internet usage of university students. The results show that most students used Internet as a support tool for their academic and research work. The students accessed Internet mostly from their personal computers and had multiple years of experience using Internet. Ease of work and time saving were the most cited reasons for Internet use. The findings of the study provide significant implications for the academicians, practitioners, and government policy makers.
Testing Wagner's Law for Turkey, 1960-2000

This paper presents an empirical analysis of Wagner’s law in the case of Turkey over the period 1960–2000. The paper uses modern time-series econometric techniques to test the law’s proposition that in the course of economic development, government expenditures increase. The results of this study do not support the empirical validity of Wagner’s law for Turkey for the period 1960–2000. However, the paper finds statistical evidence for an augmented version of Wagner’s law.
Tax Reform and Human Capital Accumulation: Evidence from an Empirical General Equilibrium Model of Skill Formation

The progressivity of the tax system has a potentially large disincentive effect on human capital accumulation. It is thus surprising that Heckman, Lochner, and Taber (1998b, 1999a,b) represent the only previous empirical work on this important topic. I build on their work a) by accounting for the tax system when estimating the model, b) by performing welfare analysis, c) by examining the transition from one steady state to another, and d) by adding a number of robustness checks. I first estimate a dynamic general equilibrium model of schooling and on-the-job training on micro data. The estimates are then used to measure the extent to which the progressivity of the tax system distorts human capital. I find a small long run effect of progressivity on schooling. I find larger short run effects, but that they are short lived. The impact of the reform on human capital acquired on the job depends on how it is measured. Under one measure the effect is large, but the consequence of this on earnings seems to be small. Perhaps surprisingly, the welfare effects are typically favorable for progressive wage taxes (with flat capital taxation) versus a flat income tax in the long run. The welfare effects are different when I examine a progressive income tax as virtually all workers prefer the flat income tax to it. I also build on Heckman, Lochner, and Taber’s (1998b,1999a,b) evidence on the extent to which taxation of physical capital favors human capital investment. These simulations also yield small long run effects on schooling and on human capital stocks.
Emotion Recognition using Prosody Features and a Fuzzy Min-Max Neural Classifier

Abstract The recognition of emotion is becoming an increasingly important field for humancomputer interaction. This paper explores the detection of four basic classes of emotions, namely Anger, Sadness, Happiness and Neutral. Prosodic features such as mean, maximum, minimum, standard-deviation of pitch and energy, and audible durations are used for recognition purpose. A Fuzzy Min-Max Neural network is used as an emotion classifier which consists of fuzzy sets. Each fuzzy set is an aggregate(union) of fuzzy set hyperboxes. The use of a fuzzy set approach to pattern classifier inherently provides degree of membership information that is extremely useful in higher-level decision making. The data for classification is recorded with a sampling rate of 22.05 kHz. Each utterance is split into frame size of 440 samples (20 ms duration). The signal is passed through voice/un-voice classifier & prosody features are extracted from the signal. Data consists of utterances in English and Marathi languages, for four basic emotions . The average success rate is found to be 83.33%.
A Matter of Perspective: Exploring Wearable Personal Cameras as a Reflection Tool for Undergraduate Recreation Leadership Students

Abstract Students in a 100-level recreation leadership class facilitated two leadership experiences that were video recorded using both a stationary camera and a wearable personal camera. The students used these videos to inform their reflections on their own facilitation practice. A multimethod approach was employed to identify the utility of wearable personal cameras as an educational tool and to analyze student attitudes toward use of wearable personal cameras and traditional cameras as reflection tools. Students in this study reported that the overall video reflection process was helpful, if uncomfortable, and that the two video camera perspectives supported their reflection in different ways. Further, three quarters of the students reported that they found the participant perspective, provided by the wearable personal camera, as the most useful to their reflection processes. The study offered an opportunity to explore how wearable personal cameras could best be incorporated into student reflection experiences.
Effective Resistivity in Relativistic Collisionless Reconnection

Magnetic reconnection can power spectacular high-energy astrophysical phenomena by producing nonthermal energy distributions in highly magnetized regions around compact objects. By means of two-dimensional fully kinetic particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, we investigate relativistic collisionless plasmoid-mediated reconnection in magnetically dominated pair plasmas with and without a guide field. In X-points, where diverging flows result in a nondiagonal thermal pressure tensor, a finite residence time for particles gives rise to a localized collisionless effective resistivity. Here, for the first time for relativistic reconnection in a fully developed plasmoid chain, we identify the mechanisms driving the nonideal electric field using a full Ohm law by means of a statistical analysis based on our PIC simulations. We show that the nonideal electric field is predominantly driven by gradients of nongyrotropic thermal pressures. We propose a kinetic physics motivated nonuniform effective resistivity model that is negligible on global scales and becomes significant only locally in X-points. It captures the properties of collisionless reconnection with the aim of mimicking its essentials in nonideal magnetohydrodynamic descriptions. This effective resistivity model provides a viable opportunity to design physically grounded global models for reconnection-powered high-energy emission.
Two-button Mobile Interface: Touchscreen Based Text-Entry for Visually-Impaired Users

—As the usage of mobile devices grows explosively, texting on a touchscreen becomes everyday routines for communication. For visually-impaired people, however, text-entry on the touchscreen is largely cumbersome and time-consuming due to the difficulty of locating keyboard buttons without any physical signifiers. We present new text-entry methods based on the Braille system to address this issue. The proposed Left Touch and Double Touch schemes are based on the two-button interface for Braille input, so that visually-impaired users can type textual characters without moving their fingers to find target buttons. We conducted experiments to evaluate the usability of the proposed methods and compared them with the One Finger Method and VoiceOver. The results show that the speed of the Double Touch is 3.94 second per letter (SPL) while that of the Left Touch is 2.60 SPL. The Left Touch was twice as slow as the VoiceOver but 39% faster than the One Finger Method. Although the typing speeds of the proposed schemes were slower than the VoiceOver, we found that the subjects felt the proposed schemes more comfortable to use than the VoiceOver. The convenience of using only two buttons in the mobile interface also enabled visually-impaired users to be less dependent on auditory feedback while typing texts.
Crystal structure of 4,4′-bipyridin-l-ium bi(trihydrogen- 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylate), C30H20N2O16

C30H20N2O16, monoclinic, C12/cl (No. 15), a = 12.021(6) Á, b= 15.469(7)Á, c= 15.436(7)k,ß= 110.806(7)°, V=2683. 2Â , Ζ =4, Rgt(F) = 0.063, wtfrefCF) = 0.143, Τ = 298 Κ. Source of material An ethanol solution (10 mL) of 4,4'-bipyridine (0.4 mmol) was added dropwise to a stirred aqueous solution (10 mL) of 1.2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid (0.8 mmol) at a temperature of 253 Κ . Then the reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate stood for about two weeks until the colorless single crystals were obtained. * Correspondence author (e-mail: nwzhu@sjtu.edu.cn) Discussion 4,4'-Bipyridine, a spacer molecule, not only acts as a bridged ligand in the preparation of the metal complexes [1], but also as a kind of host molecules in the formation of the inclusion compounds [2]. Consequently, much interest has been focused on its complexes or inclusions [3]. However, to our knowledge, so far few charge transfer complexes of 4,4'-bipyridine used as a proton receptor have been reported. In order to better understand the behavior of proton transfer in charge transfer complexes, the synthesis and crystal structure of the title compound have been investigated. As shown in top figure with 50 % probability displacement ellipsoids, the title compound comprises two trihydrogen 1,2,4,5benzenetetracarboxylate anions and a 4,4'-bipyridin-l-ium cation. Moreover, the pyridinium conjugated cation can be confirmed by the distances of N1-C15, CI 1-N1, Cl 1-C12, C12-C13, C13-C14 and C14-C15, which (1.321 À 1.391Á) are between single bond and double bond. Obviously, a pyridine-ring accepts a proton coming from a 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid molecule to produce the pyridinium conjugated cation, so the two pyridine-rings of each 4,4'-bipyridine molecular accept two protons coming from two 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid molecules to produce the two pyridinium conjugated cations. Furthermore, the two pyridinium conjugated cations are linked by a single bond [«¿(CI3—CI3) = 1.494(5) Á], and are not in the same plane with the dihedral angle 22.0°. It is noteworthy that π-π stacking interactions play an important role in the solid-state structure of the title compound [4], as shown in bottom figure. The interplanar distance between the two phenyl rings from neighboring unit is a 3.46 A. Meanwhile, there are also π-π stacking interactions between pyridinium rings with the distance of 3.64 Â. Then, an extended three-dimensional network structure with π-π stacking between phenyl rings and between pyridinium rings is formed. Table 1. Data collection and handling. Crystal: colorless block, size 0.17 χ 0.26 χ 0.31 mm Wavelength: Mo Ka radiation (0.71073 Â) μ: 1.37 cm" Diffractometer, scan mode: Siemens SMART CCD, 450 frames, Δω = 0.6° 26'max: 55.76° N(hkl)measured, N(hkl)unique: 7618, 2895 Criterion for I0bs, iV(MZ)gt: Us > 2 a(Iobs), 1604 N(param) refined: 225 Programs: SHELX-97 [5], ORTEP-II [6]
AUFBAU UND OPTIMIERUNG EINES DYNAMISCHEN HERZ-PHANTOMS ZUR SIMULATION VON BEWEGUNGSARTEFAKTEN IN DER PET

Die Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie ist ein bildgebendes medizinisches Verfahren mit der einzigartigen Möglichkeit, die biochemische Funktion von Zellen, Organen in vivo zu Untersuchen. Die Bewegung des Herzens im Thorax fuhrt bei einer kardialen PET-Aujhahme zu Artefakten, die ihrerseits die Bildqualität verschlechtern und damit zu Fehlern in der Quantifizierung der Emissionsdaten fiihren. Ziel dieser Arbeit war Aufbau und Optimierung eines dynamischen Phantoms, mit dem die Bewegung des linken Ventrikels unter Einstellung verschiedner Parameter, wie Schlagfrequenz, Schlagvolumen und Hubbewegung simuliert werden kann Keywords—dynamisches Herzphantom, PET.
Tracking Professional Development of Novice Teachers when Integrating Technology in Teaching Mathematics

ABSTRACT This research traced changes in choices of technological tools and attitudes toward technology use among novice mathematics teachers at three stages of their professional development: as pre-service teachers, a year later, and in their work as novice teachers. At each stage, the participants were required to evaluate the benefits of technology use in their learning/teaching. We found that the novice mathematics teachers used a variety of technological tools, while as students they preferred to use digital presentations or dynamic software. Moreover, the novice teachers used two additional tools: the school platform and the WhatsApp instant messaging application. The novice teachers placed significantly higher value on the benefits of using technology in teaching in terms of improvement in learning, enhancement of pupils' motivation and increased effectiveness of the lesson. These results indicated that only as practical teachers were the participants able to see the benefits of technology.
Problems and solutions for cultivating innovation talents who have computational thinking quality

Computational thinking involves the essences of computer science, and theoretical thinking and experimental thinking are consisting with scientific thinking architecture, is the cognition of primary quality of innovating talents. At present, “computer instrumentalization” and “computer professionalization” problems exist on computational thinking education. This paper analyzes the cause of the problem, point out ways to solve problems is embodying the essences of calculation thought in computational thinking education, suggests that based on the computer knowledge system, extract the feature point of computational thinking, construct computational thinking tree. As a result, convert it from instrument oriented education, knowledge oriented education, to computational thinking education, convert it from skill-based, ability-based to innovationbased education. Moreover, through concrete examples show the process of conversion.
SELF-PACED READING AND THE ACHIEVEMENT OF PERSIAN EFL LEARNERS

Abstract: This study aimed at investigating the effects of reading goals on L2 reading comprehension in a computer-mediated environment when reading is self-paced by the learners and students are responsible for their own comprehension. Sixty participants (30 males & 30 females) in three groups of 20 were involved. A computer program, written in C#. NET program, presented the text on the screen four lines at a time, and measured the amount of time students would spend on each page initially, how many times students re-read pages, and how much time students would spend re-reading pages. L2 learnersâ€™ comprehension and learning strategies were measured in three ways: recall of materials, time spent reading each page of the text and time spent re-reading pages, and the number of times pages were re-read. Finally, after one month from the first test a posttest was administered to determine which group could remember materials better. The results revealed that recall of materials was significantly greater for the teaching-goal group than the other two groups in both first and second tests. Time spent re-reading was significantly greater for the teaching-goal group as well. These findings suggest that reading goals do have an effect on comprehension and recalling in a computer-mediated environment and students with a different reading goal performed differently while reading passages. Keywords : reading goals, computer-mediated reading environment, learning, immediate and delayed recall.
A Survey of SCADA Testbed Implementation Approaches

Objectives: SCADA systems are turning into the central nerve system of the electric power system critical infrastructure. With the increasing availability and use of computer networks and the Internet as well as the convenience of cloud computing, SCADA systems have increasingly adopted Internet-of-Things technologies to significantly reduce infrastructure costs and increase ease of maintenance and integration. However, SCADA systems are obvious targets for cyber attacks that would seek to disrupt the critical infrastructure systems thus are governed by a SCADA system. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Cyber attacks exploit SCADA security vulnerabilities in order to take control or disrupt the normal operation of the system. Analyzing security vulnerability and loopholes are critical in developing security solutions for such systems. It is also equally important to test security solutions developed to protect SCADA systems. Findings: Experimenting on live systems is generally not advisable and impractical as this may render the system unstable. Such situation calls for the need of an experimental setup equivalent or quite close to the real scenario for developing and testing security solutions. Application/Improvements: This paper reviews common SCADA implementation approaches utilized in previous related works.