Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IAA Distribution in Etiolated Spears of Asparagus

Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) spears can grow extraordinarily quickly (Kojima et al., 1993a). Elucidation of a mechanism involved in the ability of asparagus spears to grow so quickly may afford a clue for the improvement of cultivations, not only in asparagus, but also in other products. Kojima et al. (1993a) reported that growing spears had a declining gradient of abscisic acid (ABA) concentration from the tip toward the butt and suggested that ABA was involved in mobilizing carbohydrate reserves for spear growth. However, Patrick and Steains ( 1987) reported that indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) also had a role in promoting assimilate translocation. IAA has been considered to promote cell elongation (Goldsmith, 1977). Thus, IAA may also influence spear growth rate. Green ‘Jersey Giant’ asparagus spears had higher levels of IAA than white asparagus (Makus and Guinn, 1992). However, to our knowledge, no one has reported IAA distribution in asparagus spears. In Mar. 1990, 1-year-old crowns of ‘Mary Washington 500W’ were planted 2 cm deep in a sandy loam soil in 2-liter pots and placed in a greenhouse at the Hiroshima Prefectural Agricultural Experimental Station (Hara, Japan). In Jan. 1991, the 2-year-old crowns sprouted in a dark room at 20 to 23C. Spears sprouted and grown in darkness can be regarded as being similar to white asparagus. Samples were collected from the following spear height ranges (in millimeters): 35–50, 51-100, 101-150, 151-200, and 300-400. When spear heights ranged from 35 to 50 mm, six spears were collected. When heights were >50 mm, 12 spears were collected. Sampled spears were cut into four sections. The tip region consisted of 0 to 15and 15-to 35-mm segments. Spears > 50 mm long (measured from the tip) were cut below the tip region into two additional lengths in a 1 : 2 ratio and
UPREGULATION OF ANTI-HUMAN RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S6-P240, TOPOISOMERASE II ά, CYCLIN D1, BCL-2 AND ANTI-CORNEAL ANTIBODIES IN ACUTE PSORIASIS AKTYWACJA PRZECIWCIAË PRZECIWKO LUDZKIEJ RYBOSOMALNEJ PROTEINIE S6-P240, TOPOIZOMEZAZIE II ά, CYKLINIE D1, BCL-2 ORAZ PRZECIWKO WARSTWIE ROGOWEJ NASKÓRKA W OSTREJ

Background . The immunopathogenesis of psoriasis is complex, a nd involves alterations in the innate immunologic s ystem Case Report: A 57-year-old female was evaluated for the presence of rapidly appearing plaques on the knees and elbo ws. Methods : Skin biopsies for hematoxylin and eosin examinati on, as well as for direct immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry analysis were performed. Results: H&E examination demonstrated classic features of psoriasis. Direct immunofluorescence revealed positive anti-co rneal antibodies with several immunoglobulins, as well as positivity to upper and deep small dermal blood vessels. Immunohistochemistry revealed an increased expression of su rvivin, anti- human-ribosomal protein S6-p240, Topoisomerase II ά, cyclin D1, and Bcl-2 in lesional plaques. Conclusions : The pathobiology of psoriasis seems to involve a series of molecules involved in a complex interaction bet ween the inflammation itself, cell cycle regulation, and ect opic expression of selected molecules. Streszczenie Wst ep: Immunopatogenezauszczycy jest skomplikowana i obejmuje zmiany we wrodzonym systemie immunologicznym. Opis przypadku: U 57-letniej kobiety oceniano obecno śc szybko pojawiających sie blaszek na kolanach iokciach. Metody: Wykonano biopsje skory z hematoksylin ą i eozyn ą, jak rownie Ŝ immunofluorescencje bezpo średnią i analiz e immunohistochemiczn ą. Wyniki: Badania H & E wykazay klasyczne cechyuszczycy. Immunofluorescencja bezpo średnia wykazaa pozytywne przeciwciaa przeciwko warstwie rogowej naskorka z kilkoma immunoglobulinami, a tak Ŝe bya pozytywna w stosunku do powierzchownych i g¯ebokich, maych naczy n krwiono śnych skory. Immunohistochemia wykazaa zwiekszon ą ekspresje surwiwiny przeciwko ludzkiej rybosomalnej proteinie S6-p240, topoizomerazie II ά, cyklinie D1, i Bcl-2 w obr ebie zmian plackowatych. Wnioski: W patobiologiiuszczycy wydaje sie anga Ŝowa c seria cz ąsteczki zaanga Ŝowanych w zo Ŝone interakcje pomiedzy stanem zapalnym, regulacj ą cyklu komorkowego i ektopow ą ekspresj ą wybranych cz ąsteczek.
An alternative approach to the analysis of mixed cropping experiments. I. Estimation of competition effects

A simple model is introduced to estimate the degree of intra-specific and inter-specific competition and niche differentiation from final biomass data of a set of populations varying in spp. composition and total density. Competition effects can be estimated using addition series. The model is illustrated with results from mixed cropping of maize and groundnut. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
Evaluation of Some Genotypes of Guava Trees Grown Under Alexandria Governorate Condition II- Compositional Changes During Fruit Ripening

The present study was carried out during 2012 and 2013 seasons in a private orchard belongs to Air Force Institute at EL-Maamoura Zone, East of Alexandria, on the best 5 genotypes (2,5,6,9 &12) of guava seedling trees, which were selected from 15 genotypes from pervious study. The aim of this study was to study the compositional changes during fruit ripening. The ripening stages were (1) yellowish-green, (2) greenish- yellow and (3) full-yellow, for skin color (hue°) and lightness (L). The hue values significantly decreased with fruit ripening, while lightness (L) values increased significantly with fruit ripening. Fruit firmness decreased with fruit ripening, however total soluble solids (TSS) values increased with fruit ripening, the highest values were in stage 3 (full yellow). There were no significant differences between guava genotypes in fruit weight and fruit diameter, length and width during fruit ripening. Fruit acidity (%) significantly decreased with fruit ripening and the lowest values was in stage 3 (full-yellow), it was associated with significant increase in total sugars (%), reducing and non-reducing sugars contents, which increased and then declined. For V.C content there were no significant differences observed between stages of ripening in 2012, while it increased significantly and then decreased with fruit ripening in 2013. As for the pectin (%), it significantly decreased with maturity stages and fruit ripening in both seasons of study. Generally, there were significant differences between genotypes under this study in fruit compositional changes during ripening and we can choose the best, which can be a base-line information to assist in controlling the best time of fruit harvest for either local marketing or export and storage.
Evaluation of Several Commercial Algicides for Control of Odor-producing Cyanobacteria

The production of certain odorous metabolites is an undesirable attribute of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) growth in aquaculture ponds [e.g., channel catfish(Ictalurus punctatus)] and in drinking water reservoirs. The most common odorous compounds encountered in catfish aquaculture are geosmin (trans-1,10-dimethyltrans-9-decalol) and 2-methylisoborneol(exo-1,2,7,7-tetramethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol). These compounds are also frequently encountered worldwide in reservoirs and aqueducts used for municipal drinking water systems(Schrader et al. 2002). In this study, several algicides were evaluated using a rapid bioassay to determine their effectiveness in controlling the MIB-producing cyanobacterium Oscillatoria perornata from a west Mississippi catfish pond and the MIBproducing Pseudanabaena sp. (strain LW397) from Lake Whitehurst, Virginia, used as a city water supply reservoir. The cyanobacterium Oscillatoria agardhii , not a MIB-producer, and the green alga Selenastrum capricornutum , found in catfish ponds in the southeastern United States, were included in the bioassay to help determine potential broad-spectrum toxicity of the commercial products. (PDF has 3 pages.)
HYDROLOGIC CONNECTIVITY AND THE MANAGEMENT OF BIOLOGICAL RESERVES: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE

Increasingly, biological reserves throughout the world are threatened by cumulative alterations in hydrologic connectivity within the greater landscape. Hydrologic connectivity is used here in an ecological sense to refer to water-mediated transfer of matter, energy, and/or organisms within or between elements of the hydrologic cycle. Obvious human influences that alter this property include dams, associated flow regulation, groundwater extraction, and water diversion, all of which can result in a cascade of events in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Even disturbances well outside the boundaries of reserves can have profound effects on the biological integrity of these “protected” areas. Factors such as nutrient and toxic pollution and the spread of nonnative species are perpetuated by hydrologic connectivity, and their effects can be exacerbated by changes in this property. Hydrological alterations are now affecting reserves through increasingly broad feedback loops, ranging from overdrawn aquife.
Effect of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes on fibre and protein digestion in ruminant animals

ii Uittreksel iv List of Abbreviations vi List of Tables vii List of Figures viii Table of contents xi CHAPTER 1 General introduction 1 References 3 CHAPTER 2 Literature review 6 A. Forages and ruminant nutrition 6 1. Chemistry and structure of plant cell walls 6 2. Digestion of forage in ruminant animals 8 3. Dietary fibre and its nutritional implications 11 4. Metabolism of carbohydrate and protein fractions in the rumen 11 5. Limitations to plant fibre digestion 13 B. Fibrolytic feed enzymes in ruminant systems 17 1. Biotechnology of EFE in animal feed 17 2. Exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) and performance responses in ruminant systems 19 3. Possible mode of action of EFE in ruminant systems 20 C. Methods to evaluate ruminant feeds 22 1. Proximate analysis and Van Soest analysis 23 2. In sacco method to estimate feed degradation 24 3. In vitro methods to estimate nutrient degradation 25 References 27 Aim and objectives 35 CHAPTER 3 General materials and methods 36 1. Preparations of feed samples 36 2. Animals and diets 37 3. Treatment preparations 37 4. Preparation of in vitro medium and reducing solution 38 5. Collection and preparation of rumen fluid 39 6. In vitro gas production system 40 7. In vitro digestibility procedure 42 8. Chemical analysis of samples 43
Early gap successional pathways in a Fagus‐Acer forest preserve: pattern and determinants

Many theories of forest succession imply that terrestrial plant community composition within a region tends to converge toward a climax community. That is, given similar climatic and edaphic conditions, succession at different sites within an area will lead to comparable species compositions, a pattern referred to as successional convergence. In this study, we examine changes in plant composition within forest canopy gaps over a 17-yr period to identify potential patterns of successional convergence and to ascertain the factors controlling the successional pathway. To do so, we: (1) sampled 36 forest canopy gaps in Hueston Woods Nature Preserve in 1977, 1981, 1985, 1989 and 1993, (2) evaluated changes in the similarity of gap composition over this period, and (3) examined gap composition in each year as a function of variables describing gap habitat, seed source proximity, and disturbance history. Results indicated an initial pattern of successional divergence, with gaps exhibiting increased dissimilarity over the first 10–12 years of succession. We attribute this initial period of divergence to the effects of differential seed inputs from edge individuals and heterogeneity of available light due to differences in gap size. Recent surveys, however, indicated that gap composition has become more similar as competition within gaps has become more intense. In these samples, gap composition is closely linked to site conditions, including slope, soil conditions, and site exposure. Finally, while these patterns may suggest equilibrium-oriented dynamics, non-equilibrium processes such as repeat disturbances are also evident at Hueston Woods and will likely play an important role in determining future successional pathways.
Vascular Impedance of the Femoral Bed

Pressure/flow relationships in the femoral artery have been expressed as the vascular impedance of the femoral bed. The results obtained were consistent and reproducible under control conditions with irregular as well as with regular heart rates; vasoconstriction and vasodilation caused the changes in vascular impedance predicted from theoretical principles. In a mathematical model similar results were obtained when realistic values of the dimensions and physical properties of the femoral vascular bed were used. Arterial pressure/flow relationships expressed as vascular impedance provide valuable information on the properties of the vascular bed beyond.
Germination response of Orobanche seeds subjected to conditioning temperature, water potential and growth regulator treatments

Broomrapes (Orohanche spp.) are parasitic weeds that cause significant losses of crop yield. Experiments were conducted to investigate the seed response to the artificial germination stimulant GR 24 in three species of Orobanche subjected to preconditioning under various temperatures, water potentials and with plant growth regulators. The highest germination percentages were observed in Orobanche ramosa, Orohanche aegyptiaca and Orohanche minor seeds conditioned at 18°C for 7 days followed by germination stimulation at 18°C. With the increase of the conditioning period (7, 14, 21 and 28 days), the germination percentage of O. ramosa and O. aegyptiaca progressively decreased. When conditioned at -2 MPa, the germination percentage was lower than at 0 and -1 MPa, especially at 13 and 28°C. Orohanche minor seeds could retain relatively high germination if conditioned at 18, 23 or 28°C, even after significantly extended conditioning periods (up to 84 days). GA 3 (30-100 mg L -1 ), norflurazon and fluridone (10-100 mg L -1 ), and brassinolide (0.5-1.0 mg L -1 ) increased seed germination, while 0.01 mg L -1 uniconazole significantly reduced germination rates of all three Orobanche spp. The promotional effects of GA 3 and norflurazon and the inhibitory effect of uniconazole were evident, even when they were treated for 3 days. Germination of Orobanche seeds was much lower when the unconditioned seeds were directly exposed to GR 24 at 10 -6 M. This early GR 24 -induced inhibition was however alleviated or even eliminated by the inclusion of GA 3 or norflurazon (10-50 mg L -1 ) in the conditioning medium. On the contrary, the inclusion of uniconazole increased the inhibitory effect of GR 24 , particularly in the case of O. ramosa.
Food Web Structure of a Subtropical South American Stream with Particular Focus on the Co-Evolution of Form and Function in an Endemic Species Flock

I analyzed the food web structure of the Rio Cuareim, a subtropical piedmont stream located along the Uruguay-Brazil border. I used stable isotope ratios and stomach content analysis to delineate the trophic guild structure of fishes and invertebrates. Additionally, using geometric morphometrics I analyzed the co-evolution of form and function in a group of cichlid fish (Crenicichla). Lastly, I contrasted my findings with those from temperate and tropical systems.
Weaning requirements of larval mulloway, Argyrosomus japonicus

Mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus) is an emerging aquaculture species in Australia, but there is a need to improve the production technology and lower costs, including those associated with larval rearing and live feeds. Three experiments were conducted to determine appropriate weaning strategies from live feeds, rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) and Artemia, to cheaper formulated pellet diets. Experiment 1 examined the eiects of feeding Artemia at diierent levels [0%,50% or 100% ration of Artemia fed from18 days after hatching (dah); based on current hatchery protocols] and a pellet diet from two larval ages (14 or 23 dah). In addition, rotifers were supplied to larvae in all treatments for the duration of the experiment (14^29 dah), at which time all larvae were successfully weaned onto the pellet diet. No signi¢cant (P40.05) diierences existed between the growth of ¢sh fed a 50% and 100% ration of Artemia; however, ¢sh fed a 0% ration of Artemia had signi¢cantly (Po0.05) reduced growth. The time of pellet introduction had no signi¢cant (P40.05) eiects on the growth of larvae. Experiments 2 and 3 were designed to determine the size [total length (TL),mm] at which mulloway larvae selected Artemia equally or in preference to rotifers, and pellet (400 mm) equally or in preference to Artemia respectively. Each day, larvae were transferred from a holding tank to experimental vessels and provided with rotifers (2mL�1), Artemia (2mL�1) or a combination of rotifers (1mL�1) and Artemia (1mL�1) (Experiment 2), and Artemia (2mL�1), a pellet diet or a combination of Artemia (1mL�1) and a pellet diet that was broadcast every 15min (Experiment 3). After1h, a sub-sample of larvae was randomly selected fromeach replicate vessel (n55) and the gut contents were examined under a light microscope. Mulloway larvae began selecting Artemia equally to rotifers at 5.2 � 0.5mmTL and selected pellets equally to Artemia at 10.6 � 1.8 mmTL. Our results have led to the establishment of weaning protocols for larval mulloway, which optimize larval growth while reducing feed cost by minimizing the amount of Artemia used during production.
Effect of Calcium Sources and Particle Size on Performance and Eggshell Quality in Laying Hens

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different combination calcium sources and particle size on performance and egg shell quality in layer hens. In the experiment, 198 brown laying hens at 44 week of age were randomly assigned into 11 treatments groups. The experimental diets consisted of different calcium sources (Fine limestone, large limestone, large oyster shell and large egg shell) and their different combination. The experimental unit consisted of a groups of three hens, thus each treatment was replicated six times. Different calcium sources and particle size addition to the laying hens diet had no significantly effect on body weight gain, egg production, egg mass, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, egg specific gravity, egg shell weight, egg shell thickness and egg shell breaking strength but egg weight had significantly affected by the treatments. The significantly highest egg weight was found in laying hens fed with 50 % fine limestone and 50 % large limestone. Dietary different Ca sources had a significant effect on Ca, P and Mg as mineral contents of eggshell and tibia. In the present study, when dietary large calcium sources (limestone, oyster shell and egg shell) had no effect on performance and eggshell quality parameters in laying hens. However, dietary containing at least 50 % large calcium sources had positive effect on mineral contents of tibia.
Molecular biological study on speciation and phylogeny of the order Entomobryomorpha (Collembola: Hexapoda)

In order to elucidate the phylogenetic relationship among groups of the order Entomobryomorpha (Collembola), the sequences on the ITS 1 to ITS 2 fragments of the rRNA gene were analyzed in 11 species of three families. In order to avoid the potential risks and inconsistencies of a single method or data set, the phylogenetic reconstructions were based on three different approaches: methods of maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and neighbor joining. The inferred phylogenies supported monophyly of the order Entomobryomorpha. The relationships between families were different, but the orders of branching within each family were the same. Entomobryidae and Isotomidae were paraphyletic, whereas Tomoceridae was monophyletic. Tomoceridae was subdivided into two branches; the molecular analysis provided results distinctive enough to separate the two genera by the high bootstrap value. On the other hand, two different populations of putative Homidia koreana appeared to be different species, although their chaetotaxy is identical. A wide coverage of characters, including not only morphological characters but also genetic data such as allozymes and DNA sequences, will give a more accurate picture of the classification and phylogeny of the studied group.
Endocrine Interactions Between Endoparasitic Insects and Their Hosts

Endoparasitic insects develop within other insects, usually in the hemocoel of their host. As the hemolymph is the medium through which hormones regulat­ ing the development, behavior, and metabolism of the host are transported, the parasite is exposed to a constantly changing hormonal milieu. Earlier, it was thought that since most endoparasites develop as larvae within larval, pupal, or adult stage hosts, they must be insensitive to the hormonal signals regulating the development of their host and thus develop autonomously. Most parasite species, however, appear adapted to developing in a specific stage of hosts and are unable to successfully parasitize other stages. Thus, the developmental, and presumably endocrine, status of the host is important and comprises one factor determining host "suitability" for parasite development (217) . Endoparasites and their hosts also display remarkable developmental syn­ chrony, further suggesting that factors such as hormones may coordinate their development ( 156). Moreover, a variety of developmental, behavioral, and reproductive disturbances occur in host insects during parasitism (200, 2 16) . For example, holometabolous hosts frequently experience an acceleration or inhibition of metamorphosis during parasitism, and evidence is growing to indicate that in these cases parasitism interferes with the normal endocrine regulation of metamorphosis. Endocrine effects probably arrest the develop­ ment of many parasitized insects and prevent their reaching the adult stage. In cases of parasitism of adult insects, the partial or complete cessation of egg maturation seen in female hosts has been linked experimentally to disruption of the normal hormonal processes accompanying vitellogenesis.
ION MICROSCOPY: HISTORY AND ACTUAL TRENDS

where C, and C, are the aberration constants of the objective lens, a the half aperture angle of the beam crossing an object point, AU the beam energy spread, U the accelerating voltage and A the electron wavelength (A[nml = 1.25/Ui for nonrelativistic electrons). Another aberration, astigmatism, is always present. Astigmatism originates essentially from slight mechanical asymmetries of the electrodes in electrostatic lenses and from inhomogeneities of the material of the pole pieces in magnetic lenses. A supplementary source of astigmatism appears when the axial field symmetry becomes modified by charged insulating layers, which contaminates the objective aperture. Fortunately, by using Bertein's method,' it is possible to correct astigmatism by using a weak lens with two-fold symmetry called a stigmator. If we assume that astigmatism is fully corrected and that the energy spread of the electrons' AU is weak enough to obtain AU/U < lo-", the chromatic aberration can be neglected (FIGURE 1) in microscopes working with U c 200 keV. The resolution is then obtained rigorously by a calculation around the Gaussian image plane of the minimal radius of the beam coming from an object point, taking into account diffraction and spherical aberration. In considering the effect of spherical aberration on the Airy distribution, optimal results are not obtained in the plane of minimal diameter of the geometric caustic. The diffraction pattern distribution in the image of a point is very little different from that on focus in the absence of spherical aberration. ' The resolving power rmln is given by