Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A kinetic approach on the estimation of iron uptake by Apium nodiflorum plants

Abstract A kinetic approach was developed to indicate the inherent capacity of aquatic plants to absorb heavy metals. The concept was based on the hypothesis that heavy metal uptake by plants follows a first‐order mathematical model depending on the heavy metal concentration in the biomass of this plant. This method enabled the evaluation of two parameters: (i) the specific metal uptake rate (k) and (ii) the maximum specific content (Epl,8) of this metal in the aquatic plant. The specific uptake rate coefficient of the metal depended upon the concentration of the metal in the liquid phase, as can be seen from a Michaelis‐Menten‐type equation. This equation has two constants: (i) a maximum specific metal uptake rate (kmax) and (ii) a Ks coefficient. The maximum specific uptake rate coefficient was useful in the evaluation of the ability of different aquatic plants to absorb specific heavy metal, as well as in the evaluation of the selectivity of absorption between two or more metals by the plant. The maxim.
Development of ELISA for the Determination of Transgenic Bt‐Cottons Using Antibodies against Cry1Ac Protein from Bacillus thuringiensis HD‐73

The area cultivated with Bt‐cottons expressing Cry1Ac gene increases year by year in China and other countries. To evaluate any potential adverse impacts on the environment from the release of Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) technology, the development of a method for easily detecting the activity of the Cry1Ac toxins is of particular interest. The aim of this study was to develop sandwich‐ELISA for the detection of Cry1Ac protein in Bt‐cotton tissues. A specific antibody was obtained from rabbits inoculated with Cry1Ac protein derived from Bt strain HD‐73 and a secondary antibody conjugated to HRP could combine the Bt Cry1Ac protein specifically. The limit of detection was 5 ng/mL and there were no cross‐reactions between the positive control of Cry1Ab/1Ac, Cry1C, Cry2A, Cry3Bb1 and Cry9C. Extracts of proteins from cotton leaves were used to evaluate the suitability of the assay. Tris‐borate buffer and sodium carbonate buffer were employed for the extraction of protein, the limit absorbance of detection was 0.134 and 0.449, respectively, and the latter produced a higher background. The results showed that cultivars GK‐12, GK‐22, insect‐resistant cotton, bivalent transgenic cotton and shiyuan 321 assayed positively and NON was the negative sample. The PCR method was used for the validation of the developed assay. Although both methods allowed the same results to be obtained, ELISA needed simple equipment and took less time. The developed immunoassay method is considered reliable for the detection of Bt Cry1Ac protein.
Ring-Opening of a Furyl Group Appended to the Cyclopentadienyl Ligand in Rare-Earth Metal Half-Sandwich Complexes

A series of scandium, lutetium, and yttrium complexes containing a tetramethylcyclopentadienyl ligand with a pendant furyl group, [Ln{η5-C5Me4SiMe2(C4H2RO-2)}(CH2SiMe3)2(THF)] (Ln = Sc, Lu, Y; R = H, Me), have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies of the scandium complexes [Sc{η5-C5Me4SiMe2(C4H2RO-2)}(CH2SiMe3)2(THF)] (R = H, Me) revealed a pseudo-four-coordinate metal center without additional coordination of the furyl group. The previously elusive lutetium complex [Lu{η5-C5Me4SiMe2(C4H2MeO-2)}(CH2SiMe3)2(THF)] could be isolated and exhibited structural features analogous to those of the scandium compound. Variable-temperature 1H NMR spectroscopic studies of the entire series confirmed the labile nature of both the THF ligands and furyl donor in solution. Rates for the ring-opening reaction, triggered by intramolecular C−H bond activation, were shown to depend primarily on the metal size. The ring-opening reaction resulted in the formation of the corres.
Early finding of preferred orientation : Applications to direct methods

A recent statistical method for deriving information about the presence of a preferred orientation plane [Altomare, Cascarano, Giacovazzo & Guagliardi (1994). J. Appl. Cryst. 27, 1045–1050] has been revisited. Some implications of the method are theoretically discussed. The method is applied to various practical cases in order to give insight into its potential and its limits and into the correlation between its indications and full-pattern decomposition programs, peak overlapping and data resolution.
Critical tasks in high aspect ratio silicon dry etching for microelectromechanical systems

The process of pattern transfer of desired topological features into silicon plays a critical role for the production of microelectronic and photonic devices, and micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems. Any deviation from the desired shape of the pattern limits density, yield, and reliability of these devices. Gas reactivity, pressure, ion, electron, and reactant transport to the surface, and product transport away from the surface, have all been identified as important issues that control the microscopic uniformity in high aspect ratio etching. When etch-inhibiting chemistry by the gas chopping deep reactive ion etching (RIE) was employed, it caused enormous complications in the scaling of etching rates, with increasing aspect ratio. Using an energy-resolving quadrupole mass spectrometer assembled into the cathode, specially designed test features, and etching simulation models, we establish the link between etch process parameters such as pressure, rf power, etching gas chemistry, temperature, and the.
Rheological characteristics of halberd wheat starch.

The non-Newtonian behavior and dynamic viscoelasticity of Halberd wheat starch (23.0% amylose content) pastes were determined with a rheogoniometer. The flow curves, at 25°C, of Halberd starch pastes showed plastic behavior at concentrations of more than 4.0%. The shear viscosity of the starch pastes decreased gradually with an increase in temperature at concentrations less than 4.0%, but remained constant at a concentration of 5.0%. The storage modulus of the starch pastes increased with increasing concentration and remained high during increase in temperature up to 80°C. Almost the same storage modulus was observed upon addition of urea (4.0 M) to the paste at low temperature (0°C), and the modulus stayed at a large value with increase in temperature up to 60°C, which was estimated to be a transition temperature; then it decreased rapidly with further temperature increase. A transition temperature of 60°C was also observed in the dynamic viscosity. A very large storage modulus and dynamic viscosity were observed in alkaline solution (0.05 M NaOH) at low temperature (0°C), both quantities decreased slightly with increase in temperature up to 25°C, which was estimated to be a transition temperature, then decreased rapidly with further increase in temperature. A possible intermolecular hydrogen bonding between amylose and amylopectin molecules is proposed.
Crystallization-Induced Phosphorescence of Pure Organic Luminogens at Room Temperature

Phosphorescence has rarely been observed in pure organic chromophore systems at room temperature. We herein report efficient phosphorescence from the crystals of benzophenone and its derivatives with a general formula of (X-C6H4)2C═O (X = F, Cl, Br) as well as methyl 4-bromobenzoate and 4,4′-dibromobiphenyl under ambient conditions. These luminogens are all nonemissive when they are dissolved in good solvents, adsorbed on TLC plates, and doped into polymer films, because active intramolecular motions such as rotations and vibrations under these conditions effectively annihilate their triplet excitons via nonradiative relaxation channels. In the crystalline state, the intramolecular motions are restricted by the crystal lattices and intermolecular interactions, particularly C−H···O, N−H···O, C−H···X (X = F, Cl, Br), C−Br···Br−C, and C−H···π hydrogen bonding. The physical constraints and multiple intermolecular interactions collectively lock the conformations of the luminogen molecules. This structural rigi.
Effect of structural conduction and heat loss on combustion in micro-channels

This paper presents a simple analytical model for the effects of heat exchange within the structure of a micro-channel combustor, and heat loss from the structure to the environment. This is accomplished by extending reasoning similar to that employed by Mallard and Le Chatelier in their thermal theory for flame propagation. The model is used to identify some of the basic parameters that must be considered when designing an efficient micro-combustor and its predictions are compared with the results of a numerical simulation of stoichiometric premixed combustion of a hydrogen–air mixture stabilized between two parallel plates. The simulation incorporates a one-dimensional continuity/energy equation solver with full chemistry coupled with a model for thermal exchange in the structure. The results show that heat exchange through the structure of the micro-combustor can lead to a broadening of the reaction zone. Heat loss to the environment decreases the broadening effect and eventually results in flame quenching. This behaviour, which arises from the thermal coupling between the gas and the structure, influences the maximum achievable power density of microscale combustors.
Decontamination of chlorate in longan plantation soils by bio-stimulation with sugar amendment

Abstract Potassium chlorate is widely used as an active substance for flower induction in Iongan plantation fields for off-season production of fruits in northern Thailand. Persistence of chlorate in soil collected from Iongan plantation field soil, and decontamination of residual chlorate in soil were examined by conducting a laboratory soil incubation study. Under upland soil conditions, chlorate applied to soil at the concentration of 34 mg kg−1 soil became gradually decomposed with time, while chlorate applied at the concentration of 341 mg kg−1 soil persisted in soil for a long period of time. Increase in the soil moisture content up to 100% of maximum water-holding capacity was ineffective for accelerating the decomposition of chlorate. Flooded soil conditions were effective for rapid decomposition of chlorate. Even under upland soil conditions, the addition of glucose or sucrose at the concentration of 10 g carbon kg−1 soil to soil was strikingly effective for accelerating the decomposition: with the amendment, chlorate applied at the concentration of 341 mg kg−1 soil became decomposed almost completely within 4 weeks of incubation. These results may contribute to the development of remediation practices for chlorate-polluted soils in longan plantation fields.
A model for the structure of metallic glasses based on chemical twinning

A model for transition-metal-metalloid glasses has been constructed and refined by energy minimization with the use of a Lennard-Jones 6-12 potential. The model is based on the concept that domains of positionally correlated atoms exist in these glasses on a scale of 1-2 nm. Within each domain, positional order is governed by rules appropriate to a single type of structural operation (simple chemical twinning in this case) acting in a prescribed direction. (The structure of compositionally equivalent crystalline phases may be represented by similar rules acting over essentially infinite domains.) Positions of atoms in the interface between domains are defined by two (or more) operations appropriate to each of the bounding domains so that the structure has a high degree of homogeneity. Computed properties are compared with experimental structural data for a number of typical amorphous transition-metal-metalloid alloys. Agreement between experimental and calculated partial pair-correlation functions and structure factors is good, supporting the notion of extensive local and medium-range positional order in these alloys. Moreover, the discrepancies that exist between model data and experimental results suggest that the model is less ordered than an actual glass. This model provides some insight into the nature of local geometrical distortions of structural units, coupling between positional and compositional fluctuations and the relative stability of glassy and microcrystalline alloys.
Purification and Some Properties of Yeast Tannase

Tannase (tannin acyl hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.20) was purified from the culture broth of Candida sp. by rivanol fractionation and chromatography of columns of ECTEOLA-cellulose, Sepharose 6B and Sephadex G–200. The purified tannase was homogeneous on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The stable pH range of the enzyme was 3.5 to 7.5. The optimum pH was 6.0 for gallotannin as a substrate. The enzyme was stable up to 40°C. The yeast tannase hydrolyzed the ester and depside linkages of tannic acid. The enzyme activity was not influenced by various metal ions and EDTA.
Simultaneous Organic and Nutrient Removal in a Naturally Ventilated Biotower Treating Presettled Municipal Wastewater

The performance of a down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) system was continuously evaluated for 1 year for enhancement of organic matter and nutrient removal in the treatment of presettled municipal wastewater. A pilot-scale DHS (24 L) was installed at a wastewater-treatment site and operated at an ambient temperature of 25°C . This paper reports on the results of a long-term monitoring of the system. The DHS system was operated at three different hydraulic retention times (HRTs), i.e., 6, 4, and 2 h. The available results showed that increasing the HRT significantly improved the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) fractions. The removal efficiencies of COD were 89, 80, and 56% at HRTs of 6, 4, and 2 h, respectively. Also, ammonia ( NH4 –N ) concentration significantly decreased by increasing the HRT. Ammonia removal percentages of 99, 90, and 72% were achieved when the DHS system was operated at HRTs of 6, 4, and 2 h, respectively, but decreasing HRT exerted a slightly negative effect on the removal of tot.
Comparison of Bt transgenic maize in control of Elasmopalpus lignosellus in the field.

The Lepidoptera insects are responsible for large losses in maize production in Brazil, and stand out those that attack seedlings, such as lesser cornstalk borer, Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeller). The objective of this work was to compare the performance of transgenic Bt maize in the control of the E. lignosellus caterpillar in the maize seedlings phase in two trials. In the first trial six treatments were tested: (1) Conventional Non-Bt maize; (2) Conventional Non-Bt maize with insecticide application; (3) transgenic maize expressing the Cry1Ab genes; (4) Cry1F; (5) Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2; (6) Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2 + Cry1F. The experimental design was randomized blocks, where each treatment was repeated 4 times in plots of 22.5 m2. Ten consecutive plants with third instar larvae of E. lignosellus in the seedling stage were artificially infested. Only the Non-Bt maize (Control) was affected by the E. lignosellus caterpillar, but all the treatments presented tillering, galleries and holes in the stem. In the second assay the genotypes used were seeded on 11/23/2012, and the damages of 3rd instar caterpillars of E. ligosellus (Zeller) were evaluated. The treatments were: (1) Conventional Non-Bt maize (Control); (2) transgenic maize expressing the Cry1F + Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2 genes; (3) Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2; (4) Vip3Aa20; (5) Vip3Aa20 + Cry1Ab; (6) Cry1F; (7) Cry1Ab + Cry1F. The plots were formed by a line spaced in 0.7 m of 2 m, with 10 plants, with barriers to prevent the exit of artificially infested insects. In the first and second assays, non-Bt maize with or without insecticide application were affected by E. lignosellus caterpillars. However, Bt transgenic maize was not harmed by E. lignosellus caterpillars, except the Vip3Aa20 treatment. Bt transgenic plants were poorly damaged by E. lignosellus in the seedling and leaf stage.
Volatiles of Coridothymus capitatus Chemotypes Growing in Israel: Aromatic Plants of the Holy Land and the Sinai. Part XV

Abstract The existence of three chemotypes of Coridothymus capitatus in Israel—a thymol-type, a carvacrol-type and a mixed-chemotype which contained thymol and carvacrol in the ratio about 1:2—was confirmed. A detailed composition of the volatiles of C. capitatus was studied by GC/MS and, excluding thymol/carvacrol ratio, the components of the oils were found to be nearly identical. With the exception of biosynthetically interrelated γ-terpinene, p-cymene, thymol and carvacrol, the major volatile constituents of C. capitatus were found to be β-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, thymohydroquinone and thymoquinone.
Essential Oil of Juniperus formosana Hayata Leaves from China

ABSTRACT The leaf oil of Juniperus formosana of Chinese origin was analyzed by GC/MS. It was found to contain more than 70 components, although most of diem were present in amounts of less dian 2%. The oil is dominated by α-pinene (47.7%), with lesser amounts of myrcene (7.2%), limonene (4.0%), β-pinene (2.9%), γ-cadinene (2.4%) and germacrene D (2.3%).
Preparation and Electrochemistry of SWNT/PANI Composite Films for Electrochemical Capacitors

Single-walled carbon nanotube/polyaniline (SWNT/PANI) composite films were prepared by in situ electrochemical polymerization of an aniline solution containing different SWNT contents. Surface morphology and structural properties of these PANI-based films were examined by a scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrochemical capacitance properties of these films were investigated with cyclic voltammetry, charge-discharge tests, and ac impedance spectroscopy. The composite film, based on the charge-transfer complex between well-dispersed SWNT and PANI matrixes, shows much higher specific capacitance, better power characteristics, and is more promising for applications in capacitors than a pure PANI film electrode.
Influence of Different Catalyst Systems on the Hydrolytic Stability of Particleboards Bonded with Unmodified and Modified UF-Resins

After a storage time of one year, the influence of different catalyst Systems on the release of formaldehyde and volatile acids from particleboards bonded with unmodified and modified UF-resins was studied at 30 °C (only for formaldehyde), 40 °C and 50 °C and 100% relative humidity. The results reveal that modification of UF-resins with a melamine resin of molar ratio F:M 1.6: l and resorcinol significantly increases the hydrolysis resistance of the UF-resin in the boards. Resorcinol, especially at higher ternperatures, was even more effective than melamine resin. Measurable differences in the formaldehyde release of particleboards were detected. The boards were separately bonded with two low-emission UF-resins with subtle differences in the chemicai composition. The amount of hardener, varied between 0.8% and 3.2% (based on resin of 66% solids), had practically no influence on the release of volatile acids from particleboards. In contrast to the behaviour of solid wood, UF-particleboards made from pine Chips released substantially more formic acid than acetic acid, especially at high temperatures. Modification of the UF-resin with resorcinol and melamine resin had no effect on the release of acetic acids from the boards. The release of formic acid decreased slightly on modifying the resin with resorcinol and melamine resin. The results indicate that the influence of modification and resin type on the hydrolytic resistance of the boards is still apparent even after a storage time of one year.
Transverse transport of solutes between co-flowing pressure-driven streams for microfluidic studies of diffusion/reaction processes

We consider a situation commonly encountered in microfluidics: two streams of miscible liquids are brought at a junction to flow side by side within a microchannel, allowing solutes to diffuse from one stream to the other and possibly react. We focus on two model problems: (i) the transverse transport of a single solute from a stream into the adjacent one, (ii) the transport of the product of a diffusion-controlled chemical reaction between solutes originating from the two streams. Our description is made general through a nondimensionalized formulation that incorporates both the parabolic Poiseuille velocity profile along the channel and thermal diffusion in the transverse direction. Numerical analysis over a wide range of the streamwise coordinate x reveal different regimes. Close to the top and the bottom walls of the microchannel, the extent of the diffusive zone follows three distinct power law regimes as x is increased, characterized, respectively, by the exponents 1/2, 1/3, and 1/2. Simple analytic.
Studies of Liquid Water by Computer Simulations. III. Dynamical Properties of a 2-D Model

Molecular dynamics simulations of a water-like system are performed at many temperatures and densities. A 2-dimensional model of water is used for the system with 144 molecules in a square cell. The calculated self-diffusion coeffcient and the dipole direction relaxation time are in good agreement with the observed values in a wide temperature-pressure plane. Cross correlation function of displacement and local orientational order parameter are computed by the time-averaged configurations, where the average of period is several times longer than the velocity correlation time. The cross correlation is observed even in the third neighbor pairs, which proves the existence of hydrogen-bonded local structure. The lifetime of this local structure is about 2×10 ps at low temperatures and low density, where density maximum is known. The lifetime of the unstable species with a rather high energy is found to be about 0.5–2 ps at low temperatures and low density.
Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Uranium(VI) from HNO3 Solution Using N,N,N‘,N‘-Tetrabutyl-3-oxapentanediamide

Distribution ratio (DU) and extraction efficiency (EU) of uranium(VI) were investigated using N,N,N‘,N‘-tetrabutyl-3-oxapentanediamide (TBOD) in supercritical carbon dioxide (Sc-CO2). Five diamide derivatives were synthesized; TBOD was found to be the most suitable extractant through solubility data. The composition ratio of uranium(VI) extraction was described as a relation of UO2(NO3)2TBOD, through the measurement of DU as the concentration ranges of HNO3 and TBOD. Comparing this with the extractability of TBP, the DU of TBOD was superior to that of TBP in Sc-CO2 by 2 orders of magnitude. The results showed that TBOD could be substituted for tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) in Sc-CO2 extraction of uranium(VI). Uranium, fission products (Cs, Cd, Mo, Ba), and corrosion products (Ni, Fe, Cr, Co) were extracted with TBOD in Sc-CO2. Over 90% each of actinides (U, Th) and lanthanides (La, Ce, Gd) were extracted. But, fission products and corrosion products were extracted at a low efficiency of less than 20%, which.
Theoretical evaluation of the temperature dependence of magnetic anisotropy constants of Nd2Fe14B: Effects of exchange field and crystal field strength

To identify the possible mechanism of the coercivity (Hc) degradation of Nd–Fe–B sintered magnets, we study the roles of the exchange field acting on the 4f electrons in Nd ions and theoretically investigate how variation in the exchange field affects the values of the magnetic anisotropy constants K1 and K2. We find that, with decreasing exchange field strength, both values decrease as a result of the lower asphericity of the 4f electron cloud, indicating that the local anisotropy constants might become small around the grain boundaries, where the exchange fields are reduced owing to the smaller coordination number.