Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vertical Estimates of Survivorship of Larvae and Pupae of Anopheles Gambiae Giles Complex in Baringo District, Kenya

The stage-specific and age-specific survivorship of the immature stages of Anopheles gambiae Giles s.l. were studied in Barlngo District Kenya, using vertical life-table methods.Survivorship from first instar to adult emergence was 0.085, giving a mortality of 91.5% during the rainy season. However, survivorship dropped to zero (100% mortality) in the dry season.Mortality was most severe in the first and second instars in all cases. Mean life expectancy increased significantly for larvae that survived beyond the first 3 days of life. Suspected predators of mosquito pre-imagines in the breeding sites were collected and counted. From their large numbers and diversity it was inferred that prédation was probably an important mortality factor. RésuméL’état spécifique et l’age spécifique des stades immature d’Anopheles gambiae Giles s.l. ont été étudiés dans le District de Baringo au Kenya, en utilisant des méthodes verticales de table de survie.La survie de 1er stade jusqu’à l’immergence de l’adulte était de 0.085, avec une mortalité s’élèvant à 91.5% pendant la saison des pluies. Cependant, la survie tombait à 0 (100% de mort) pendant la saison sèche. Dans tous les cas, la mortalité était élevée pendant le 1er et le 2e stade de développement. La moyenne de survie à augmenté d’une façon significative pour les larves qui ont survécu au delà de leur trois premiers jours de vie. Les prédateurs suspectés des moustiques immatures dans les lieux de ponte étaient collectés et comptés. A partir de leur nombre élève et leur diversité, il était conclu que la prédation était probablement un facteur important de mortalité.
OXYMYOGLOBIN IN BOVINE MUSCLE SYSTEMS AS AFFECTED BY OXIDIZING LIPIDS, VITAMIN E AND METMYOGLOBIN REDUCTASE ACTIVITY

Oxymyoglobin and lipid oxidation were examined in low and high vitamin E (α-tocopherol) bovine M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LD) homogenates and in subcellular fractions of LD. Investigation of the effects of temperature (4, 22, 37C) and pH (5.5, 6.4, 7.2) on lipid and oxymyoglobin oxidation indicated that oxymyoglobin oxidation increased with increasing temperature (P < 0.05) and was higher at the low pH (P < 0.05). Lipid oxidation increased with temperature (P < 0.05) only at pH 5.5. The inclusion of 45 μM Fecl3/ascorbate (1:1), at pH 5.5 and 4C, led to significant increases (P < 0.05) in lipid oxidation but significant oxymyoglobin oxidation occurred only when the extent of lipid oxidation exceeded a threshold level. Oxymyoglobin and lipid oxidation were significantly lower in LD fractions derived from high vitamin E muscle compared to low vitamin E muscle. α-Tocopherol did not interact directly with oxymyoglobin to suppress oxymyoglobin oxidation but a positive unit effect of muscle α-tocopherol on metmyoglobin reductase activity was observed.
Histologic and Cytogenetic Patterns in Benign, Atypical, and Malignant Meningiomas

Atypical meningiomas comprise an intermediate category of meningeal neoplasmas with some microscopic features of aggressivity and a capacity for recurrence. We present a clin ical, morphologic, and cytogenetic study of 15 meningiomas. Morphologic and cytogenetic analysis suggested the existence of morphologically typical meningiomas with normal karyotype or monosomy 22 and morphologically atypical meningiomas, with increasing chromosomal abnormalities (complex karyotype) between these two types. Present results suggest the existence of a third type of morphologically typical meningioma that lacks a phenotypical aggressivity but has a complex karyotype. These genotypical characteristics may be related to the aggressivity of these neoplasms. Int J Surg Pathol 2(4):301-310, 1995
Quantitative differences between polysaccharide compositions in normal differentiated Ulva mutabilis and the undifferentiated mutant lumpy

Abstract The chemical composition of the polysaccharides from two normal differentiated strains of the multicellular green alga Ulva mutabilis, was compared with the polysaccharides from a morphological mutant lumpy which grows like an aggregate of undifferentiated cells. The walls of the lumpy cells differ in ultrastructure from the wild type as well as other mutants with organized thalli. Qualitative chemical differences between the strains were not found. The molar ratio between the different sugars, degree of sulphation and content of glucuronic acid in the water soluble polyanion fraction corresponds with that reported for Ulva lactuca grown under natural conditions. The water soluble neutral fraction has surprisingly little glucose and is enriched in mannose and galactose. The ratio of the water extractable to the residual polysaccharide, however, is 1 for the normal organized strains and 4 for lumpy. It is proposed that this shift in ratio for lumpy may cause less cross linking between the cellulos.
Sulfur Metabolism and Protein Quality of Soybean

Abstract Soybean is an important source of protein in livestock production, and is of growing importance for human consumption. As a sole dietary protein source, soybean seed protein is deficient in the amino acids methionine, cysteine, and threonine. Increasing the amount of methionine in the amino acid profile of soybean meal would enhance its value for producers and consumers. Methionine contains S, and so its production is necessarily linked to sulfur metabolism within the soybean plant. Sulfur is taken up from the soil in the form of sulfate. During vegetative growth, developing leaves appear to be the predominate site of sulfate reduction and incorporation of reduced S into amino acids. During reproductive growth, developing pods and seeds seem to be the predominate location of sulfate reduction. Sulfate reduction and methionine synthesis are complex and highly regulated processes. Synthesis of storage proteins within the developing seed is sensitive to the amount of methionine present such that pro.
Molecular detection and characterization of begomoviruses associated with cucurbitaceae vegetables in Sri Lanka

The family cucurbitaceae includes certain popular fruits and vegetables grown in various tropical and subtropical areas in the world. However, viral diseases are a major constraint causing heavy economical losses in cucurbits. Although a number of viral diseases have been reported in cucurbits in Sri Lanka, there are no reports of begomoviruses. A whitefly transmitted viral disease with severe leaf curl symptoms has been reported in bitter gourd from Sri Lanka ( Momordica charantia ), which was suspected to be due to a begomovirus. A PCR assay has been conducted using universal primers (Deng 540 and Deng 541) specific for begomoviruses to detect the viruses associated with various cucurbits showing viral symptoms. The begomovirus associated with bitter gourd was characterized by nucleotide sequence analysis. Infection by begomoviruses in bitter gourd, ridge gourd ( Luffa acutangula ), pumpkin ( Cucurbita maxima ), cucumber ( Cucumis sativus ) and snake gourd ( Trichosanthes cucumerina ) plants, which showed symptoms of upward leaf curl, leaf mosaic, shortening internodes, mottling, stunting, rosetting, puckering, reduced leaf lamina, fruit malformation and flatterning of tender stems were confirmed by consistent amplification of core coat protein CP gene fragment of 520 bp. No amplification was observed with healthy cucurbit samples. The sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis of the coat protein gene of begomovirus in bitter gourd (Begomo-Bitter Gourd-Sri Lanka Virus) showed 97 % nucleotide identity and a close genetic relationship with the Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus in bitter gourd found in Pakistan (ToLCNDV-BG). DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.4038/jnsfsr.v42i3. 7400 J.Natn. Sci.Foundation Sri Lanka 2014 42 (3):265-271
Acanthocephala From Seven Species of Freshwater Fish (Cyprinidae and Cyprinodontidae) From Turkey with the Description of a New Species of Paralongicollum (Pomphorhynchidae)

ABSTRACT: Seven species of endemic freshwater fish, Aphanius anatoliae, Aphanius villwocki (Cyprinodontidae), Capoeta angorae, Capoeta erhani, Capoeta mauricii, Chondrostoma fahirae, and Pseudophoxinus fahrettini (Cyprinidae) from Turkey were examined for acanthocephalans. Acanthocephalus sp. , Neoechinorhynchus zabensis, Pomphorhynchus spindletruncatus, and Paralongicollum nurtenae n. sp. were found. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by a suite of characters including the shape of the proboscis, which has an armature of 16–22 rows of 10–13 hooks, the posterior most circle of hooks alternating. All are new host and locality records. The geographic distributions of N. zabensis and P. spindletruncatus in Turkey may be due in part to changes in glacial river system connections that have occurred since the Pleistocene.
Amendments and Construction Systems for Improving the Performance of Sand-Based Putting Greens

Physical and chemical properties of root zone mixes and methods of green construction are important considerations for improving turfgrass quality for putting greens. This study compared 'Penncross' creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) performance as affected by three root zone construction systems with three amendments (sand, peat, and zeolite). The objective of this study was to determine if an amended California construction system would improve green performance during establishment (1998-1999) and maturation (2000-2001). Three treatments were tested: California (100% sand), USGA (90% sand and 10% peat, v/v), and California-Z (85% sand and 15% zeolite, v/v). Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block with four replicates. Physical and chemical properties of the root zone and bentgrass performance were compared for the treatments. The California-Z treatment had the highest saturated hydraulic conductivity and field infiltration rate and the lowest bulk density. It also had the highest cation exchange capacity and plant available nutrient concentrations among the three treatments. The California-Z treatment produced bentgrass quality and color during green establishment and maturation that were equal to or higher than the California treatment and consistently higher than the USGA treatment. The addition of an inorganic amendment to the California system improved physical and chemical properties of the root zone and improved quality and color of bentgrass during green establishment. During green maturation, creeping bentgrass in the California-Z treatment was equal (6 of 15 sampling dates) or 20% higher (9 of 15 dates) in quality compared with the California system.
Protein and fat deposition on noble cuts of broilers fed with tilapia industrial filleting waste.

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito do fornecimento de diferentes niveis de farinha de residuos da industria de filetagem de tilapia (FT) sobre a taxa de deposicao de proteina (TDP) e gordura (TDG) no peito e nas pernas (coxa e sobrecoxa) de frangos de corte, abatidos aos 42 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 480 pintos de um dia, da linhagem Cobb, distribuidos em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos, seis repeticoes e 16 aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos experimentais consistiram em cinco niveis (0, 2, 4, 6 e 8%) de inclusao da FT. As dietas experimentais foram isoenergeticas e isonutritivas, seguindo as recomendacoes de exigencias nutricionais dos frangos de corte para as fases de 1 a 21 e 22 a 42 dias de idade. Nao houve influencia (P>0,05) dos niveis de inclusao da FT sobre a TDP e TDG no peito e nas pernas (coxa e sobrecoxa) das aves. De acordo com os resultados encontrados constatou-se que pode-se incluir ate 8% de farinha de residuos da industria de filetagem de tilapia sem prejuizo nos parâmetros de deposicao de gordura e proteina na carcaca de frangos de corte.
Current measures of nutrient resorption efficiency lead to a substantial underestimation of real resorption efficiency: facts and solutions.

Nutrient resorption is an important process during leaf senescence, which helps plants to minimize nutrient losses. To quantify nutrient resorption, the parameter resorption efficiency is commonly used. This parameter describes the percentage of the nutrient pool withdrawn before leaf abscission. The nutrient pool is generally expressed on the basis of leaf mass or leaf area, assuming that these bases do not change during senescence. In this paper we firstly present a mathematical formula describing the effect of change in measurement basis on the difference between the real resorption efficiency (RRE) value and the measured resorption efficiency (MRE). This formula shows that even moderate senescence-related changes in a measurement basis can lead to considerable underestimation of RRE. Secondly, to estimate the general change in measurement basis we quantified leaf mass loss and leaf shrinkage during senescence from literature data. These data shows that mass loss percentages can be as high as 40%, and leaf shrinkage can be up to 20%. This level of change in basis seriously compromises the MRE when not corrected for. Using our formula and the reported average literature values of changes in leaf mass (21%) and leaf shrinkage (11%,) during senescence, we calculated that the average RRE for nitrogen and phosphorous of terrestrial plants is 6% (leaf area) to 10% (leaf mass) higher than the 50%, respectively 52% as reported by Aerts (1996). This implies that nutrient resorption from senescing leaves is even more important for nutrient retention in terrestrial plants than thought so far. We advocate that preselecting leaves and monitoring the measurement basis throughout the duration of the experiment should minimize the difference between MRE and RRE.
Factors Affecting Daphnia Declines in Paddlefish Rearing Ponds

Abstract Daphnia populations, which are important for production of young-of-the-year paddlefish (Polyodon spathula), declined in early to midsummer in paddlefish rearing ponds. The major cause of the decline appeared to be low food abundance, as indicated by low concentrations of suspended organic solids. Predation was not a major factor; Daphnia dynamics were similar within and outside of fish exclosures, and ephippial eggs were produced during peaks in Daphnia abundance. Potential invertebrate predators on Daphnia were rare, and Daphnia abundance was unrelated to pH or dissolved oxygen. When densities declined, water temperatures were well below reported values that negatively affect Daphnia life history processes.
Essays on macroeconomics of immigration

This thesis analyzes the dynamic macroeconomic effects of immigration. Chapter 1 provides an overview of this thesis. Chapter 2 empirically examines the effects of immigration by interpreting shocks to unanticipated changes in working population as immigration shocks and identifying the shocks using a VAR with sign restriction. We find that immigration shocks are not associated with rises in non-residential investment or short-run reductions in average wages. We also show how a neoclassical growth model with a CES production function where migrant labor and capital are complements to skilled domestic labor and substitutes to each other can produce responses closer to those in the VAR. Chapter 3 examines theoretically the macroeconomic effects of immigration on labor market outcomes, especially labor share, for alternative assumptions on the bargaining power of workers using a New Keynesian model with labor market frictions and heterogeneous unemployed workers. Unemployed workers are heterogeneous in the sense that some of them are short-term unemployed (insiders), the others are long-term unemployed (outsiders). We find that, when immigrants enter as outsiders and reduce the bargaining power of workers, labor share of national income shows a hump-shaped decline, which is in line with empirical evidence by a VAR analysis. Chapter 4 analyzes theoretically the macroeconomic impacts of a policy of increasing immigration in response to an unexpected increase in its debt to GDP ratio. We find that there is indeed a potential for a policy to boost economic activity of increased debt without increasing the present value of budget deficits if the expected tax revenue from future increased population growth is spent effectively on productive public capital at the correct time. 3
Effects of Canopy and Trenching Around Azadirachta indica A. Juss on Soil Properties and Herbaceous Vegetation in the Indian Desert

Azadirachta indica A. Juss is an important multipurpose species used in a recent afforestation progam in the Indian dry zone. This investigation aims to identify the changes in soil resource by which A. indica influences vegetation composition, productivity, and vegetation nutrient status, and effective management strategies to improve productivity and restore degraded community pasturelands. Tree lopping and/or trenching around the trees were used to reduce competition between the trees and vegetation. The five treatments were: intact trees without trench (intact T−), intact trees and trench (intact T+), lopped trees without trench (lopped T−), lopped trees and trench (lopped T+), and a control without trees. There were 19 herbage species in total across all treatments and the number was greater with intact trees. The soil under intact trees showed greater (p < 0.05) concentrations of SOM, NH4-N, NO3-N, and PO4-P facilitating species richness, diversity, population sizes and herbage biomass together with herbage nutrient status. Trenching around trees enhanced the positive influences, but tree lopping showed adverse effects on these variables. Drought adversely affected SOM and nutrients availability in 2002, but probably facilitated mineralization-enhancing soil nutrients and herbage biomass in 2003. Conclusively, intact trees and trench improved soil resource availability, herbage diversity, and productivity. However, density of A. indica may influence these variables and can be optimized for sustained productivity with improved soil health.
Modification of physiochemical properties of copra meal by dilute acid hydrolysis

Summary Coconut residue or copra meal (CM), a by-product after pressing cream and oil out of the coconut meat, is a good source of dietary fibre (DF), but high water-holding capacity (WHC) of CM limits the quantity of fibre incorporated into food products. This study focused on the modification of CM physiochemical properties using acid hydrolysis to improve its potential utilisation as source of food fibres or low-calories bulk ingredients in food applications. Acid hydrolysis using 0.5% HCl significantly reduced swelling capacity (SC) and water retention capacity, whereas bulk density (BD) and soluble DF content of the modified CM significantly increased. Monosaccharide composition profile, gel penetration profile and FT-IR spectra indicated the destruction of CM matrix structure. This destruction increased compactness of the structure and lessened the ability of CM to hold water. Substituting the modified CM for wheat flour in bread and cookies significantly improved bread and cookies qualities compared with the use of the untreated CM. Response surface methodology showed that HCl concentration, hydrolysis temperature and time influenced properties of the modified CM. The models predicting their relationships were also generated.
Fungal Parasites of the Marine Green Algae, Cladophora and Rhizoclonium

Diseases caused by three fungal parasites in the green algal genus Cladophora from the beaches of Goa and Lakshadweep islands in Arabian sea in India are described. These are caused by Sirolpidium bryopsidis, Olpidium rostriferum and Labyrinthula sp. Algal species in the genus Rhizoclonium was also heavily parasitized by Labyrinthula sp. A species of Coenomyces was found to be associated with Cladophora repens and Rhizoclonium. The maximum occurrence of these fungi was found to be between July and September which is also the monsoon period in the western coast of India. Optimum salinity for maximum infection to occur under laboratory conditions was found to be between 10 and 15%o. Except Labyrinthula, the other fungi could not be cultured on artificial media. The species of Labyrinthula required cholesterol (0.001%) for growth on artificial medium. Most of these parasites were host speciflc and they could not be cross inoculated on other algae or even other species of Cladophora.
Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Insect Emergence from a Southern Maine Salt Marsh

Abstract Adult insects were collected using emergence traps from salt water pools, brackish water pools and vegetated marsh in the Little River Estuary, Wells, Maine, USA. Samples were continuously taken once every week from June through October of 2001 to examine the community composition, as well as the spatial and temporal patterns of insect emergence from a salt marsh system. Chironomus sp. and Tanytarsus spp. (Diptera: Chironomidae) chironomids were the most abundant insects emerging, the former representing 87% of all insects collected from brackish pools and the latter 55–80% of all insects collected from salt water pools and the vegetated marsh, respectively. Insect emergence was higher from brackish pools (1450 ± 172 individuals·m−2·y−1) and vegetated marsh sites (1350 ± 851 individuals·m−2·y−1), but not significantly different from salt water pools (289 ± 126 individuals·m−2·y−1). Emergence of some species was restricted to certain marsh areas resulting in non-significant trends in patterns of community composition, diversity and evenness. More species (n = 15) were collected from the vegetated marsh compared to brackish (n = 13) and salt water pools (n = 11), while diversity and evenness were greater in salt water pools (H′ = 1.56 ± 0.4, 0.5 ± 0.2) compared to the vegetated marsh (H′ = 1.18 ± 0.8, 0.3 ± 0.2) and brackish pools (H′ = 0.72 ± 0.01, 0.2 ± 0.02). Temporal patterns of the two most abundant chironomids revealed increased numbers emerging in June (Tanytarsus spp. and Chironomus sp.) and again in September (Chironomus sp.). This suggests the importance of salt marsh insects as a food source to fish and birds, particularly during breeding and nesting seasons in the spring (June) or migratory season in the fall (September).
Could γ/δ T cells influence the mother's rejection in recurrent aborted embryos?

Summary The possibility that the investigation of aborted material may identify aetiologies not easily detectable from even a careful clinical investigation, suggested a study of the T-cell receptors (TCRs) of decidual-infiltrating T-lymphocytes in recurrent spontaneous miscarriage (RSM). From 33 cases of RSM (>3 previous consecutive miscarriages, range 3 – 5, mean 3.7), PCR products were analysed by 15% acrylamide gel electrophoresis and visualised under UV illumination after ethidium bromide staining. A broad band obtained suggests the presence of a monoclonal T-lymphocyte proliferation. A PCR not showing bands means that the tissue does not contain reactive T cells. A total of 11 samples (33.3%) revealed the presence of receptor TCRγ with the presence of a specific band. T-cell receptors in RSM were identified in one-third of cases. These data underline the importance of a maternal immune host response to the embryo and the need to study the immune mechanisms with the hope of modulating therapeutic treatment of recurrent abortion.