Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experiment about test-first programming

Test-first programming is one of the central techniques of extreme programming. Programming test-first means (i) write down a test-case before coding and (ii) make all the tests executable for regression testing. Thus far, knowledge about test-first programming is limited to experience reports. Nothing is known about the benefits of test-first compared to traditional programming (design, implementation, test). This paper reports an experiment comparing. test-first to traditional programming. It turns out that test-first does not accelerate the implementation, and the resulting programs are not more reliable, but test-first seems to support better program understanding.
Resource Allocation and QoS Guarantees for Real World IP Traffic in Integrated XG-PON and IEEE802.11e EDCA Networks

Globally, there is a significant rise in the number of connected devices. Every device has an access to wide variety of telecom services among which voice, video and best effort (BE) contribute significantly. There is a noticeable growing trend towards upstream BE traffic besides real time e-services that demand high quality of service (QoS). Converged next-generation fiber-wireless (FiWi) access networks composed of next-generation passive optical network (XG-PON) and 802.11n based wireless local area network (WLAN) has emerged as a suitable choice to provide high quality and affordable e-services to plenty of subscribers as they possess both high bandwidth and flexibility. In this paper, we study the performance of the integrated network architecture which combines XG-PON and enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) under real time bursty traffic derived from the current global IP traffic distribution. The joint tuning of various crucial parameters of both XG-PON and EDCA with incorporation of an efficient deficit dynamic bandwidth algorithm (DBA) at optical line terminal (OLT) is done by exhaustive simulations in network simulator-3 (NS-3). Through intensive simulations and tuning, we are able to achieve a end-to-end delay performance of < 150 ms for voice, < 500 ms for video and a few seconds for BE upto full capacity. Also, a packet loss ratio (PLR) of < 3% and < 6% is achieved for voice and BE respectively upto full load. For voice PLR is < 1% upto 60% total offered load. Further, it is observed that the fine tuning of key parameters has also resulted in increased bandwidth for dominant BE services. Therefore, this optimized network architecture is 20% more fair to BE services as compared to the conventional integrated FiWi architectures.
Neoral monitoring by simplified sparse sampling area under the concentration-time curve: its relationship to acute rejection and cyclosporine nephrotoxicity early after kidney transplantation.

BACKGROUND Cyclosporine (CsA) dosing is traditionally based on trough blood levels (C0) rather than area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), although AUC correlates better with posttransplantation clinical events. For Neoral, AUC based on limited sampling correlates closely with full 12-hr AUC. The purpose of our study was to correlate C0 with AUC based on CsA levels at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hr after dose (PK0-4) and to compare this AUC with C0 in predicting acute rejection (AR) and acute cyclosporine nephrotoxicity (CsANT) in de novo first kidney transplant patients. METHODS PK0-4 was done 2-4 days after starting Neoral for 156 patients. All received CsA-based triple-drug immunosuppression without antibody induction. AUC was calculated as projected 12-hr (AUC0-12) and actual 4-hr (AUC0-4) from the PK0-4 using the parallel trapezoid rule. Neoral dosing was based on C0 not AUC. AUC was retrospectively compared with C0 as a predictor of AR and CsANT during the first 90 days. RESULTS C0 correlated poorly with AUC0-12 and AUC0-4 (r=0.61 and r=0.42). C0 (mean+/-SEM) levels were not significantly different in 34 patients with and 109 without AR (293+/-21 vs. 294+/-11 microg/L, P=0.95). AUC0-12 and AUC0-4 were significantly lower in patients with than without AR (AUC0-12 9090+/-598 vs. 10608+/-336 microg x h/L, P=0.01; AUC0-4 3934+/-306 vs. 4802+/-166 microg.h/L, P=0.006). In stepwise regression analysis only AUC0-12 or AUC0-4 (P=0.03/P=0.02) and delayed graft function (P=0.007) predicted AR. AUC0-12, AUC0-4, and C0 were all significantly higher in patients with CsANT than without CsANT (AUC0-12 11746+/-650 vs. 10023+/-301 microg x h/L, P=0.01; AUC0-4 5270+/-358 vs. 4474+/-150 microg x h/L, P=0.01; C0 343+/-18 vs. 287+/-10 microg/L, P=0.01), but in stepwise regression analysis C0 was not an independent predictor of CsANT. Patients with AUC0-12 in the range of 9500 to 11500 microg x h/L or AUC0-4 between 4400 and 5500 microg x h/L had the lowest incidence of AR (13% and 7%, respectively) without significantly higher risk for CsANT. CONCLUSION C0 correlates poorly with AUC based on PK0-4. Early AUC based on PK0-4 is more closely associated with AR and CsANT than is C0. Our data suggest that a target AUC0-12 of 9500-11500 or AUC0-4 of 4400-5500 microg x h/L may provide optimal Neoral immunosuppression.
Script-like attachment representations and behavior in families and across cultures: Studies of parental secure base narratives

Abstract The articles included in this Special Issue of Attachment and Human Development were originally presented as contributions to symposia at the Society for Research in Child Development (Atlanta, Georgia, April 2005) and at the European Developmental Psychology Conference (Laguna, Canary Islands, August 2005). The articles represent efforts of independent research teams studying the emergence, maintenance, and implications of attachment representations. In each study, a central measure of attachment representation was a recently described measure of the secure base script (Waters & Rodrigues-Doolabh, 2004). This measure assesses the “scriptedness” of secure base content in stories told in response to a set of word-prompts. Each paper included in this special issue addresses a specific issue relevant to the reliability, validity, or broader utility of the attachment script representation measure as an indicator of the respondent's awareness of and access to a secure base script. The first paper provides a précis of the measure itself, including its conceptual underpinnings and the notion of “scriptedness” as it relates to the secure base construct. In the second article, the cross-time stability of the scriptedness scores is tested. The third and fourth articles present relations between the scriptedness score from the new measure and indices of state of mind about attachment from the Adult Attachment Interview (one sample of Italian mothers, the other in a sample of adolescents). The fifth article describes relations between the attachment script representation score and mother – child interaction during a memory reminiscence task. The final article in this set is a report on associations between the maternal attachment script representations and child attachment security for a sample of adopting mothers and adopted children. Taken together, these studies provide broad support for this new procedure and scoring system to capture important aspects of secure base knowledge for adults and also provide evidence for the relevance of secure base scripts in the socialization of child secure base behavior.
HİZMET İŞLETMELERİNDE SERVQUAL YÖNTEMİ İLE HİZMET KALİTESİNİN ÖLÇÜMÜ VE KOCAELİ'NDEKİ SEYAHAT İŞLETMELERİNDEN EFE TUR UYGULAMASI

Bu calismanin amaci hizmet sektorunde yer alan otobus seyahat firmalarinda hizmet kalitesini olcmeye calismaktir. Bu calismada Efe Tur firmasi musterilerinin mukemmel bir hizmet firmasindan beklentileri ile Efe Tur firmasi hakkindaki algilamalari karsilastirilarak; bu beklenti ve algilamalar arasinda bir fark olup olmadigi belirlenmeye calisilmistir. Bu amacla: Parasuraman ve arkadaslari tarafindan gelistirilen; 5 boyut ve 22 ifadeden olusan anket formu anilan otobus firmasi icin uyarlanarak yolcularina uygulanmistir. Verilerin analizinde; oncelikle her boyuttaki ifadeler kendi icerisinde degerlendirilerek en yuksek ve en dusuk bosluklar tespit edilmistir. Ikinci olarak boyutlar kendi arasinda degerlendirilmis ve ayni sekilde en yuksek ve en dusuk bosluga sahip boyutlar belirlenmistir. Son olarak da tum ifadeler birlikte degerlendirilerek en yuksek ve en dusuk ifadeler ortaya konulmustur.
OKRA: A POTENTIAL INTERCROP FOR FARMERS IN NIGERIA

The study is a reviewed work based on a comprehensive compilation of research results from various studies that relates to the performance of okra in intercrop with other classes of crops such as cerea ls, root crops, legumes etc, and across different locations in Nigeria. The stud y pulled together the definitions of intercropping as perceived by differ ent experts in the field of cropping systems, as well as its general benefits, and also gave the economic importance of okra, the potential crop of attention . The reviewed work shows the response of intercropped okra as influenced by factors such as population density, time of planting and intercropping with ot her component crop varieties under varied intercropping systems. The r esults showed that in a soybean-okra mixture, okra sown at the density of 3 3,000 plants ha -1 gave the highest soybean and okra yields, while in a cassava -okra intercropping system, optimum okra plant density was 42,000 plant s ha -1 for highest yields of cassava (19.5 t ha -1 ), okra (1.78 t ha -1 ) and highest total gross monetary returns. Increasing the population density of okra above the optimum in a soybean-okra or cassava-okra intercropping systems, progressively decreased yields of component crops, as well as a reduction i n total monetary returns. Highest tuber and pod yields in a sweet potato-okra intercropping system were obtained when both crops were planted at the same t ime. Tuber and pod yields, however decreased as time of planting okra into sweet potato plots advanced. Similar results were obtained in a maize- okra and soybean-okra intercropping systems. In the intercropping situati on involving okra with other component crop varieties, plant height becomes an i mportant feature, as the taller component intercepts major share of the ligh t, producing greater yield. In all the works reviewed, land equivalent ratio (L ER) values were all above 1.00, indicating yield advantage, as well as the su itability and compatibility of okra as a potential intercrop for farmers in the in tercropping systems.
Fable Hospital 2.0: The Business Case for Building Better Health Care Facilities

Evidence shows that changes in the architecture, design, and decor of health care facilities can improve patient care and in the long run reduce expenses. These essays detail the state of the research, look inside two hospitals and put some of these innovations into practice, and consider how design fits into the moral mission of health care.
Motivação no Contexto Psicoterapêutico

1. INTRODUCAO O comportamento humano sempre suscitou curiosidade entre os investigadores devido a sua complexidade e aos factores envolvidos na sua regulacao. A motivacao assume aqui um papel importante, uma vez que vai definir e influenciar o caminho que segue o comportamento humano efectivo. A teoria da auto-determinacao, que serve de base a este estudo, investiga os conceitos ligados a regulacao do comportamento, valorizando a complexidade do ser humano e a importância dos contextos que o rodeiam. A psicoterapia e um contexto em que, por excelencia, estao envolvidas as questoes da motivacao e regulacao do comportamento, cuja investigacao nos ajudara a avaliar as contribuicoes da teoria da auto-determinacao para a compreensao mais aprofundada dos motivos reais que levam os individuos a envolverem-se num processo psicoterapeutico, os seus determinantes e implicacoes psicoterapeuticas. A teoria da auto-determinacao podera assumir um papel crucial na identificacao e explicacao dos factores envolvidos na psicoterapia, uma vez que foca as questoes da motivacao e as caracteristicas dos contextos, salientando a sua influencia decisiva nos comportamentos dos individuos. Com efeito, factores motivacionais estao envolvidos
Etudes des phénomènes thermiques dans les batteries Li-ion.

Les travaux presentes dans cette these concernent l'etude thermique des batteries Li-ion en vue d'une application de gestion thermique pour l'automobile. La comprehension des phenomenes thermiques a l'echelle accumulateur est indispensable avant de realiser une approche de type module ou pack batterie. Ces phenomenes thermiques sont mis en evidence a partir d'une modelisation thermique globale de deux accumulateurs de differentes chimies, en decharge a courant constant. La complexite du caractere resistif de l'accumulateur Li-ion a mene au developpement d'un modele prenant en compte l'interaction entre les phenomenes electrochimiques et thermiques, permettant une approche predictive de son comportement. Enfin la realisation de deux boucles experimentales, de simulation de systemes de gestion thermique d'un module de batterie, montre les limites d'un refroidissement classique par air a respecter les criteres de management thermique. En comparaison, le second systeme base sur l'integration innovante d'un materiau a changement de phase (MCP) se montre performant lors de situations usuelles, de defauts ou encore lors du besoin d'une charge rapide de la batterie.
A Critical Review of the Effectiveness of Rodent Pharmaceutical Carcinogenesis Testing in Predicting for Human Risk

The pharmaceutical industry and regulatory agency toxicology testing paradigms in the United States currently appear successful, in part because of the continuously increasing life expectancy and the declining age-adjusted cancer rates in the United States. Although drugs likely have a minimal impact on the population statistics for cancer rates, pharmaceutical pathologists and toxicologists must focus on the individual risk for pharmaceutical carcinogenesis. As our understanding of carcinogenesis increases exponentially, and after hundreds if not thousands of rodent cancer tests, significant improvement in the precision of human pharmaceutical carcinogenesis hazard identification should now be possible and would enable a reduction in the substantial false-negative and false positive-rates reported herein. The appropriate use of acute, subchronic, chronic, and special toxicology tests to identify the major associated cancer risk factors, specifically, hormonal modulation, immunosuppression, genetic toxicity, and chronic toxicity, can be recognized through this review of pharmaceutical carcinogens. Significant opportunities exist for improving the effectiveness and efficiency of the current cancer risk assessment paradigm.
Interactions with other human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases attenuate the consequences of the Y485D mutation on the activity and substrate affinity of UGT1A6

Objectives To explore the possible role of hetero-oligomerization among the human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases in attenuating the consequences of the pathological Y486D mutation (UGT1A1 numbering) that often causes hyperbilirubinaemia. Owing to exon sharing in the human UGT1A gene, the equivalent mutation is present in all other UGT1As of the affected individuals. It is unknown, however, if this mutation results in clinical conditions, other than impaired bilirubin conjugation by UGT1A1. Methods The main experimental approach in this study was to try and form hetero-oligomers of selected UDP-glucuronosyltransferases by coinfecting insect cells with recombinant baculoviruses that encode different human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and mutants thereof. The infected cells were analysed for both relative expression levels and catalytic activity in each case, the combination of which yielded normalized activity. Kinetic analyses and copurification by affinity chromatography were also performed. Results Coinfections with UGT1A4 increased the normalized scopoletin glucuronidation of 6YD (the Y485D mutant of UGT1A6) much more than it affected 1YD (the Y486D mutant of UGT1A1). Serotonin glucuronidation analyses revealed that coexpression of 6YD with most other human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases significantly increased the normalized activity of this mutant. Using 1-naphthol as the aglycone substrate, the Km of 6YD for the cosubstrate UDP-glucuronic acid was about 50 times higher than in UGT1A6. Yet, coexpression of 6YD with UGT1A4 lowered the Km for UDP-glucuronic acid to the level of UGT1A6. Coexpression also influenced wild-type UGT1A6 and UGT2B7, increasing the normalized activity of UGT1A6, but decreasing it for UGT2B7. Conclusion Hetero-oligomerization may play an important role in UDP-glucuronosyltransferases activity.
Predicted biological activity of intravitreal VEGF Trap

Aim: To compare the intravitreal binding activity of VEGF Trap with that of ranibizumab against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) using a time-dependent and dose-dependent mathematical model. Methods: Intravitreal half-lives and relative equimolar VEGF-binding activities of VEGF Trap and ranibizumab were incorporated into a first-order decay model. Time-dependent VEGF Trap activities (relative to ranibizumab) for different initial doses (0.5, 1.15, 2 and 4 mg) were calculated and plotted. Results: Seventy-nine days after a single VEGF Trap (1.15 mg) injection, the intravitreal VEGF-binding activity would be comparable to ranibizumab at 30 days. After injection of 0.5, 2 and 4 mg VEGF Trap, the intravitreal VEGF-binding activities (comparable to ranibizumab at 30 days) would occur at 73, 83 and 87 days, respectively Conclusion: On the basis of this mathematical model, VEGF Trap maintains significant intravitreal VEGF-binding activity for 10–12 weeks after a single injection.
Influence of preparation design on failure risks of ceramic inlays: a finite element analysis.

PURPOSE To assess the influence of preparation design on failure risk of ceramic inlays by means of finite element (FE) analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Both 2D and 3D models of the maxillary first premolar were constructed. MOD ceramic inlays were designed with an isthmus width of 1.5 to 5.0 mm and a minimum thickness of 1 to 3 mm. Occlusal contact motion and debonding at the tooth/ceramic adhesive interface were simulated in 2D models by downward displacement of a ceramic ball (1.5 mm in diameter) onto the central groove. The stress distributions within the inlays and at the interface were analyzed using 3D models. A maximum occlusal load of 250 N was assumed. RESULTS The maximum principal stress at the base of the inlays was constant among models of different isthmus widths, although it decreased considerably as inlay thickness increased from 1 mm to 2 mm. The maximum shear stress at the adhesive interface increased as the width of the inlay decreased and the distance between the occlusal contact and the margin decreased to 0.3 mm or less. The maximum principal stress on the occlusal surface was relatively low and insensitive to inlay design; however, it was increased by a simulated adhesive failure. CONCLUSION The failure risk at the base of the inlay is minimized by increasing the minimum inlay thickness. As the occlusal contact becomes close to the margin, the adhesive failure risk is increased, potentially leading to an increase in risk of fracture on the occlusal surface.
The hippocampus as a cognitive graph (abridged version)

In this brief essay, we bypass many of the interesting issues that concern the role played by the hippocampus in guiding spatial behavior (O’Keefe and Nadel, 1978) and instead focus on the nature of the environmental representation that is presumably reflected by the ensemble firing of place cells (O’Keefe and Dostrovsky, 1971). In particular, we outline a model in which the strengths of synaptic connections among CA3 hippocampal pyramidal cells come to encode distance within a rat’s surroundings. In its present form, the model is extremely limited in scope. For example, it ignores most anatomical features of the hippocampus and related structures. It also neglects the activity of CAI place cells, postsubicular head direction cells (Taube et al., 1990), and several other classes of cells certain to be important in selecting trajectories through the environment. Nevertheless, the model shows that aspects of space can be represented by a simple neural network and is potentially a basis for attacking the question of how rats solve difficult spatial problems (Morris, 1981). The model rests on
The Role of Neural and Mechanical Influences in Maintaining Normal Fast and Slow Muscle Properties

The relative importance of neural and mechanical influences in maintaining normal slow and fast muscle properties remains unclear. To address this issue, we studied the effects of 10 days of hindlimb unloading (HU) with or without tenotomy and/or denervation on the cross-sectional area (CSA), myosin heavy chain (MHC) expression (immunohistochemistry) and composition (gel electrophoresis), and myonuclear number in soleus and plantaris fibers in adult male Wistar rats. In general, the adaptations in fiber type and size were similar using either single fiber gel or immunohistochemical analyses. HU resulted in atrophy of type I and I+IIa/x MHC fibers in the soleus and in type I, I+IIa/x, IIa/x, IIa/x+IIb, and IIb MHC fibers in the plantaris. Addition of tenotomy and/or denervation in HU rats had minimal effects on fiber CSA in the soleus, but fiber CSA in the plantaris further decreased, particularly in fibers expressing only fast MHCs. HU resulted in a de novo appearance of type I+IIa/x+IIb and IIa/x+IIb MHC fibers in the soleus and of type I+IIa/x+IIb MHC fibers in the plantaris.Tenotomy and/or denervation in HU rats had no further effect on the fiber type composition of either muscle. Mean myonuclear number/mm of type I fibers was decreased in the soleus of HU rats, and increased in type I and I+IIa/x fibers in HU plus tenotomy (HU+Ten) rats. In the plantaris, mean myonuclear number/mm of type IIa/x, IIa/x+IIb, and IIb fibers was lower after HU with or without tenotomy and/or denervation. Mean cytoplasmic volume/myonucleus ratio of type I and I+IIa/x fibers in the soleus of the HU group tended to be smaller than in controls. The largest decrease was noted in the HU+Ten group. In the plantaris, this ratio was unaffected by HU alone, but was decreased by addition of tenotomy and/or denervation when all fiber types were combined. These data indicate that the major cause of fiber atrophy and adaptations in myonuclear domain size in the slow soleus of HU rats is the chronic reduction in force generation, whereas the elimination of neuromuscular contact via denervation results in additional fiber atrophy and adaptations in myonuclear domain size in the fast plantaris.