Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Students' difficulties with tension in massless strings. Part II

S. Flores-Garc´ia, L.L. Alfaro-Avena, J.E. Ch avez-Pierce, J. Estrada, and J.V. Barr´ on-L´ opez´Universidad Autonoma de Ciudad Ju´ ´arez,Avenida del Charro 450 Nte. Col. Partido Romero 32310 Ciudad Juarez Chih. ´M.D. Gonz´alez-QuezadaInstituto Tecnologico de Ciudad Ju´ arez,´Avenida Tecnologico 1340, Fracc. Crucero 32500 Ciudad Ju´ arez Chih. ´
In vitro modelling of Streptococcus intermedius biofilm on titanium dental implants

Streptococcus intermedius is part of healthy oral flora; it is an opportunist pathogen in endogenous/systemic infections. This strain exhibits a tropism toward different typical biofilm diseases, e.g. periodontititis and peri-implantis. The aim of this study was to determine the biofilm colonization kinetics produced in vitro on titanium dental implants. Biofilm formation was evaluated by a PCR real-time protocol in order to determine the number of S. intermedius cells on the titanium implant surface. The in vitro model showed a striking fast progression of biofilm formation. Coating of salivary proteins on the implant surface peaked after 4 hours. The highest concentration of bacteria on the implant surface was at its highest after 4 hours as well. This indicates that the biofilm reached maturation within 5 hours.
Development and evaluation of the Lake Multi-biotic Integrity Index for Dongting Lake, China

A Lake Multi-biotic Integrity Index (LMII) for the China’s second largest interior lake (Dongting Lake) was developed to assess the water quality status using algal and macroinvertebrate metrics. Algae and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages were sampled at 10 sections across 3 subregions of Dongting Lake. We used a stepwise process to evaluate properties of candidate metrics and selected ten for the LMII: Pampean diatom index, diatom quotient, trophic diatom index, relative abundance diatoms, Margalef index of algae, percent sensitive diatoms, % facultative individuals, % Chironomidae individuals, % predators individuals, and total number of macroinvertebrate taxa. We then tested the accuracy and feasibility of the LMII by comparing the correlation with physical-chemical parameters. Evaluation of the LMII showed that it discriminated well between reference and impaired sections and was strongly related to the major chemical and physical stressors (r = 0.766, P<0.001). The re-scored results from the 10 sections showed that the water quality of western Dongting Lake was good, while that of southern Dongting Lake was relatively good and whereas that of eastern Dongting Lake was poor. The discriminatory biocriteria of the LMII are suitable for the assessment of the water quality of Dongting Lake. Additionally, more metrics belonging to habitat, hydrology, physics and chemistry should be considered into the LMII, so as to establish comprehensive assessment system which can reflect the community structure of aquatic organisms, physical and chemical characteristics of water environment, human activities, and so on.
PENGARUH BESARAN PERUSAHAAN,LEVERAGE, FREE CASH FLOW,PROFITABILITAS DAN KUALITAS AUDITTERHADAP MANAJEMEN LABA RIIL(Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa EfekIndonesia Periode Tahun 2013-2017)

This research aims to analyze the influence of company characteristics on real earnings management. Company characteristics in this study are firm size, leverage, free cash flow, profitability and audit quality. The population of this study are manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2013-2017. Based on the methods of data collection used in this study is purposive sampling method, there are 490 total observational data. This research analyzes the disclosure of company characteristics in real earnings management with 3 methods of Abnormal Cash Flow From Operations, Abnormal Production Cost, and Abnormal Discretionary Expense. Multiple linear regression analysis was used as the primary tool of analysis in this research. The results of this study indicate that firm size and free cash oflow has a significant influence on real earnings management. However, leverage, profitability and audit quality have no significant effect on real earnings management.
Vascular expression of trehalose phosphate synthase1 (TPS1) induces flowering in Arabidopsis

Trehalose and Trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) have been described as signaling molecules involved in plant growth, development, carbon partitioning, flowering and response to biotic and abiotic stress. In order to investigate the role of T6P in vascular tissue signaling, Arabidopsis, plants expressing the TPS1 gene under the control of the actin depolymerizing factor 3 promoter (At5g59880) were generated by Agroinfiltration. Flower development and silique production occurred earlier in overexpressing lines compared to wild type (WT) control plants, while accumulation of TPS1 transcripts in overexpressing plants was considerably higher in silique, rosette and cauline leaves than in WT plants. Flowering Locus T (FT, AT1g65480) transcript was detected in rosette and cauline leaves in tps1 overexpressing lines, which could cause the observed early flowering. Trehalose levels were higher in rosette and cauline leaves in TPS1 lines, although no differences were observed in photosynthesis rate. These results suggest that the ectopic expression in the vasculature of the TPS1 gene induced trehalose accumulation in the vasculature, inducing flowering without compromising plant development.
Prediction of Turns - Using Global Adaptive Techniques from Multiple Alignments in Neural Network

A neural network-based method has been developed for the prediction of turns � - in proteins by using multiple sequence alignment. A feed-forward network with a single hidden layer is used where the sequence structure network is trained with multiple sequence alignment in the form of position-specific scoring matrices (PSSM). This paper concentrates on global adaptive techniques: Conjugate Gradient methods (Fletcher Reeves, Polak Ribiere and Powell Beale), Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient methods (Preconditioned Fletcher Reeves, Preconditioned Polak Ribiere and Preconditioned Powell Beale) and Levenberg Marquardt method in the training of multilayer perceptrons (MLP) neural network. The behavior of these training methods in the present study is reported. The Levenberg Marquardt method had been proved to be the most effective when tested and compared to other methods. It only takes 11 iterations to converge and yields overall performance, total Q = 96.67%. Then Preconditioned Fletcher Reeves, Preconditioned Polak Ribiere and Preconditioned Powell Beale methods yield the same result of total Q which is
A Comprehensive Study on Road Accident Scenario of Dhaka- Aricha Road

Road transportation has been the major mode transport in Bangladesh and it must be well maintained and continually improved with due consideration for safety, minimizing accident hazards and risks. However, road traffic accidents and injuries have now emerged as a serious man-made epidemic and distressing the community personally, socially and economically. The road safety situation in Bangladesh s very severe by international standard and statistics and characteristics revealed that it has one of the highest fatality rates. Though government of Bangladesh has been greatly concerned about the issue and has taken various initiatives, they have proved to be fallacious due to improper implementation and monitoring. This paper have studied the overall scenario of road accident and point out it causes, and remedies from the user (driver, pedestrian) point of view by conducting a survey at Dhaka-Aricha Highway. The survey has been conducted with custom made multiple choice type questionnaires among one hundred and forty five (145) pedestrians and one hundred and five (105) drivers: a total of two hundred and fifty (250) road users. The analysis of the survey data illustrates that pedestrian are the most vulnerable group of the road and they require safety on the priority basis. Furthermore, unawareness, street racing, improper road condition are main causes of road accident which can be combated by effective law enforcement, public awareness, training, and road maintenance. Keywords: Road accident, Questionnaire survey, Drivers, Pedestrians, Road safety
Chile’s CORFO Seed Capital Program

This paper uses administrative data from projects for which an application was made to CORFO’s (Chile’s main development agency) Seed Capital Program (SCP) during the 2008–12 period. This paper analyzes the impact of the program—which is a subsidy provided to new, innovative firms—on Start, Growth, and Survival. The projects are supported by sponsors in the application process. Results of our analysis indicate that, controlling for observed characteristics, projects that received the subsidy had a 9.5 percentage point higher probability of starting to sell. Among created firms, subsidized (Treated) firms showed a 17 percentage point higher probability of significant Growth (in sales) and a similar effect on Survival. The analysis also examined a change in the program rules in 2011, whereby sponsors were paid based on performance instead of fixed fees, as it was before 2011. For projects affected by the policy change, results indicate no overall association of the program with the probability of Start and a positive correlation with Growth and Survival. These results could be a consequence of sponsors making better project selections for funding. The change in rules means that the program contributes more to the Growth and Survival of new firms than to their Start, which would take place anyway. The data available for this study did not make it possible to control for potential selection biases, and thus the results need to be viewed with caution, and data collection standards need to improve to help identify the true effect of this type of program. JEL Codes: L26, M13, O25
Interactive comment on “Impact of cloud processes on aerosol particle properties: results from two ATR-42 flights in an extended stratocumulus cloud layer during the EUCAARI

To help the reader, Figure 1 summarizes the state of the lower troposphere during cloud free and during the presence of a precipitating stratocumulus. During cloud free conditions the boundary layer appears to be a well-mixed layer while the layer below the stratocumulus is decoupled from the surface induced by drizzle evaporation under the cloud base (Feingold et al., 1998). Above the cloud, the entrainment is leading to exchanges between the free troposphere and the cloud layer.
Search for sex-linked markers in pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha)

page i i List of Tables page iv I List of Figures page v CHAPTER I: Sex-Linked Markers in Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) page 1 CHAPTER II; Detection of a Y-Linked Pseudogene in Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) page 12 CHAPTER III: The Search for a Sex-Linked Marker in Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) using Bulked Segregant Analysis.page 45 Literature Cited page 75
Optimal Taxation of Human Capital and the Earnings Function

This paper explores how the specification of the earnings function impacts the optimal tax treatment of human capital. If education is complementary to labor effort, education should be subsidized to offset tax distortions on labor supply. However, if most of the education is enjoyed by high ability households, education should be taxed in order to redistribute resources to the poor. The paper identifies the exact conditions under which these two effects cancel and education should be neither taxed nor subsidized. In particular, with non-linear tax instruments, education should be weakly separable from labor and ability in the earnings function. With linear taxes, education should also feature a constant elasticity in a weakly separable earnings function.
A risk assessment tool for the ship recycling industry

Ship recycling operations expose workers to a wide range of hazards that can cause a large number of incidents and accidents resulting in ill health, injuries and even death. In order to facilitate effective risk reduction within ship recycling yards, there is a need to develop an appropriate risk assessment method that is supportive and simple to use. In addition, the utilised method should involve end-user participation which is very important in assisting the realisation and acceptance of required health and safety measures. In this paper, a new bespoke risk assessment methodology for ship recycling, ‘The Three Step Risk Assessment Method for Ship Recycling’ (Three Step Method) will be presented which fulfils the criteria’s mentioned above. This paper will document the Three Step Method’s development and explain its various steps of implementation before introducing a case study and feedback of a practical application of the method. Finally, the conclusions that the Three Step Method provides a proven useful dialogue in the identification, assessment and mitigation of hazards and that the method can be easily implemented in the ship repair industry will be made.
Credit Information System in Albania

The booming lending period and many lenders (16 banks and 21 non-bank financial Institutions in Albania) brought about unprecedented competition in credit markets within Albania. Economists usually view lending and competition favorably, but in Albania resulted in a number of unforeseen non-performing loans. Findings report increased problems of borrower over-indebtedness, reduced loan repayment incentives, and growing debts for lenders. The weakening performance of lenders is due in part to the absence of information sharing in these markets. Because growing numbers of lenders (banks and non-bank financial Institutions in Albania) increase the level of asymmetric information between lenders, credit information systems (often called credit reporting bureaus or credit bureaus) can play a crucial role towards improving credit market performance and, in turn, credit access for the poor. Increases in formal sector lending among the poor have created a need for credit information systems that provide potential lenders with borrower information. Improved screening affects from the system causes the level of non-performing loans to decline. In this paper we will present effects of a credit information system to be implemented in Albania. The weakening performance of lenders is due in part to the absence of information sharing in these markets. Because growing numbers of lenders (banks and non-bank financial Institutions in Albania) increase the level of asymmetric information between lenders, CISs can play a crucial role towards improving credit market performance and, in turn, credit access for the poor.
The Challenge of Archaeological Research in the Colorado Desert: Recent Approaches

Colorado Desert archaeological studies over the last 20 years are reviewed to discuss how some of the major research issues pertaining to the region have, or have not, been successfully addressed. Regional culture history and adaptation to environmental change have been the particular focus of many studies that are not widely known outside the local CRM community. Among the key questions are defining an early man phase of occupation, characterizing the Paleoindian and Archaic period occupations, and interpreting Late Prehistoric adaptations to the infilling and final recession of Lake Cahuilla.
Red Fluorescent Chlamydia trachomatis Applied to Live Cell Imaging and Screening for Antibacterial Agents

In this study, we describe the application of a transformed Chlamydia trachomatis strain constitutively expressing the red fluorescent protein mCherry, to allow real-time monitoring of the infection cycle and screening for agents that block replication of C. trachomatis. The red fluorescent C. trachomatis strain was detected autonomously without antibody staining and was equally susceptible to doxycycline as the wild type strain. A high-throughput screening assay was developed using the transformed strain and automated fluorescence microscopy. The assay was used in a pilot screen of a 349 compound library containing natural products from Australian flora and fauna. Compounds with anti-chlamydial activity were tested for dose response and toxicity to host cells and two non-toxic compounds had 50% effective concentration (EC50) values in the low micromolar range. Natural products are valuable sources for drug discovery and the identified Chlamydia growth inhibition may be starting points for future drug development. Live cell imaging was used to visualize growth of the red fluorescent C. trachomatis strain over time. The screening assay reduced workload and reagents compared to an assay requiring immunostaining and could further be used to monitor the development of Chlamydia inclusions and anti-chlamydial effect in real time.
Newton Polyhedra and Estimation to Exponential Sums

The classical Newton polygon is a device for computing the fractional power series expansions of algebraic functions. Newton gave a number of examples of this process in his ”Method of Fluxions” which amount to a general method. However, it was not till much later that Puiseux proved that every branch of a plane algebraic curve defined by a polynomial equation f(x, y) = 0 has an expansion in a neighbourhood of a point (x0, y0) on the curve. In practice, the integers a, b and q can be read off from the Newton polygon and the coefficients cj can be determined successively with ever-increasing labour.
Is seagrass an important nursery habitat for the Caribbean spiny lobster, panulirus argus, in Florida?

Abstract Caribbean spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) settle preferentially in macroalgal‐covered hard‐bottom habitat, but seagrass is more prevalent in Florida (United States) and the Caribbean, so even low settlement of lobsters within seagrass could contribute substantially to recruitment if post‐settlement survival and growth were high. We tested the role of seagrass and hard‐bottom habitats for P. argus recruitment in three ways. We first explored possible density‐dependent regulation of early benthic juvenile lobster survival within cages deployed in seagrass and hard‐bottom habitats. Second, we compared settlement and survival of P. argus in both habitats, by comparing the recovery of microwire‐tagged early benthic juveniles from patches of seagrass and hard‐bottom. Finally, we assessed the relative abundance of juvenile lobsters in each habitat by deploying artificial structures in seagrass sites and compared these data with data from similar deployments of artificial structures in hard‐bottom habitat in other years. More early benthic juvenile lobsters were recovered from cages placed in hard‐bottom than in seagrass, but mortality of the early benthic life stage was high in both habitats. In regional surveys, the mean number of lobsters recovered from artificial shelters deployed within seagrass was lower than in any year that we sampled hard‐bottom, indicating that fewer lobsters reside naturally in seagrass, particularly large juveniles >40 mm carapace length. The greater abundance (and likely survival) of juvenile P. argus that we observed in hard‐bottom habitat as opposed to seagrass, combined with previous studies demonstrating that postlarval P. argus are attracted to, settle in, and metamorphose more quickly in red macroalgae, confirm that macroalgae‐dominated hard‐bottom habitat appears to be the preferred and more optimal nursery for Caribbean spiny lobster.
Von Goethes dynamischer Pflanzenmorphologie zur evolutionären Entwicklungsbiologie («EVO-DEVO»): Holismus und Reduktionismus ergänzen sich. Herbsttagung «Evolving Morphology»

Wie bei andern Biowissenschaften gibt es innerhalb der Pflanzenmorphologie hauptsächlich zwei Denkschulen. Holistisch veranlagte Vertreter betonen den heuristischen Wert komplementärer Perspektiven, von Kontinuum, Fuzziness und Prozessdenken (im Sinne von «sowohl-als-auch»). Mehr reduktionistisch agierende Pflanzenmorphologen vertrauen auf eindeutige Begriffe und Konzepte (im Sinne von «entweder-oder») und lassen meist nur eine Meinung gelten. Mit beiden Denkweisen vertraut war bereits Goethe in seiner Doppelrolle als Poet und Forscher. – In der heute dominierenden evolutionären Entwicklungsbiologie (Kürzel «EVO-DEVO») leben beide Denkschulen weiter. Goethes dynamische Pflanzenmorphologie behält innerhalb von EVO-DEVO ihren berechtigten Platz, als sinnvolle Ergänzung zu entwicklungsgenetischen Analysen. Will man Organismen um uns herum in ihrer Ganzheit verstehen, so kann auch die mystische Vereinigung mit der zu erforschenden Pflanze zu einem Erkenntnisgewinn führen (so wie es die Nobelpreisträgerin Barbara McClintock vor Jahrzehnten erfahren hat).
Control of powders morphology in the supercritical antisolvent technique using solvent mixtures

The supercritical antisolvent process (SAS) has been frequently used to obtain microparticles and nanoparticles. The fluid dynamics of the process related to the study of the liquid jet in contact with supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) is characterized by a one-phase mixing at supercritical conditions and a two-phase mixing at subcritical conditions. The transition between the two kinds of mixing can be measured in terms of amplitude of the corresponding pressure range; some organic solvents, like dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) are characterized by a wide pressure range, other solvents, like acetone (AC), by a narrow pressure range. Generally, microparticles are precipitated by atomization, droplets formation and drying in the transition range, whereas nanoparticles are precipitated in correspondence of completely developed supercritical conditions. Mixing a wide-transition solvent, like DMSO, to a narrow-transition solvent, like acetone, the pressure range of the transition from one-phase mixing to two-phase mixing and, accordingly, the morphology of the precipitates will change. In this work, two model compounds were SAS processed from DMSO/AC mixtures: cellulose acetate, which is slightly soluble in DMSO and freely soluble in acetone with the aim of obtaining microparticles and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) that is slightly soluble in acetone and freely soluble in DMSO in order to obtain nanoparticles. In the case of cellulose acetate, well-defined microparticles with a mean diameter of 0.42 μm were obtained, whereas, for PVP, nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 114 nm were precipitated, demonstrating that this SAS strategy is successful.
A comparative study of body mass index between children of government school

The purpose of this study was to compare the body mass index among the different age groups boys and girls of government school. A sample of two hundred ten boys and girls were randomly chosen. All the subjects were from government school and age was between 1017 years. All the subjects were divided in seven age groups i.e. 10-11 years, 11-12 years, 12-13 years, 13-14 years, 14-15 years, 15-16 years and 16-17 years and from each group fifteen boys and girls were randomly selected. All the subjects in present study were tested with their height, weight and finally Body Mass Index (BMI) of each subject was obtained. Weight was measured in kilograms & portable weighing machine was used for this purpose. Height was measured in centimetres by stadiometer respectively. To compare the body mass index among different age groups and also to investigate the effects of gender on body mass index Two Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) as a statistical technique were employed at the 0.05 level of significance. Further LSD post hoc means comparison was also used when F value was found significant in case of age. Finding of this study revealed that obesity significantly differ in all the age groups of boys and girls but no significant difference was observed between boys and girls. It was also very clear that all the boys of different age groups are in healthy weight zone but in girls age group 12-13 years falls in overweight as BMI is between 85th to less than the 95th percentile.