Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF PASTERURIZED AND STERILIZED MILK WITH EMPHASIS ON THE IMPACT OF STORAGE TIME AND TEMPERATURE ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF MICROORGANISMS

Milk is an excellent breeding ground for bacteria and a large number of different species of fungi and other microorganisms. It represents food that easily and commonly gets contaminated with non-pathogenic and pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of this research was to determine the microbiological quality of sterilized and pasteurized milk immediately after opening the product, and to investigate the influence of temperature and storage time on the growth and development of microorganisms in the milk. Randomly taken 30 samples of commercially available milk were analyzed on presence of Escherichia coli, coagulase-positive staphylococci, Salmonella sp. , sulphite reducing clostridia, and the total number of bacteria. The samples were microbiologically tested immediately after opening the products, afterwards then they were left at 25 C and 4 C for 72 hours. Microbial analysis was performed according to the standard ISO methods. Statistical method was performed according to Student t-test. This study concluded out that pasteurized milk is more susceptible to deterioration at room temperature then sterilized milk. Presence of all tested bacterial strains except E. coli and sulphite reducing clostridia was recorded. Comparison of the number of microorganisms grown from samples stored at different temperatures showed statistically significant differences at the level of 0.05. Temperature as an important factor for the growth and development of microorganisms affected and the microbiota, stored at temperature of 25 C. Study results indicates that there is a difference in the presence of all bacterial species in sterilized and pasteurized milk after 72 hours storage at refrigerator and room temperature.
Improvement on Multicast Routing Protocol ODMRP Based on Path Stability

In mobile Ad Hoc networks, nodes’ movement often makes the topology change frequently, which causes lots of routing interrupts and routing repair consuming limited network resources, while OnDemand Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP) can be more suitable for Ad Hoc. Based of above, NCRODMRP based on path stability is proposed, which uses the mechanism of Multipoint Relay (MPR) to limit flooding, and puts forward neighbor change ratio to choose three comparatively stable routes. As the result of the improvement, this protocol not only optimizes the multicast forwarding grid to reduce the overhead, but enhance the robustness. Through the comparison of simulation experiments, the results verify the improvement.
Delta range positioning assisted with satellites

We know that real global positioning, i.e. in all environments, has been a scientific challenge for several years. The Global Positioning System (GPS) launched the impulse with its democratization in the 2000s: geographical position has gradually become a constituent element of modern digital devices available to general public. Integrating a GPS chip into smartphones was only one step. The rise of the Internet Of Thing announced by the deployment of 5G reinforces this trend. Indeed, more and more connected objects will be present and many of their applications need the geographical position. In this context, satellite signals play a key role in calculating position, especially outdoors using the GPS function. In more challenging environments, or when the need for ac-curacy becomes crucial, these signals can be used alone or in conjunction with others (or other physical measurements). The recent deployment of several con-stellations of what are now called the Global Navigation Satellites Systems (GNSS) further reinforces the presence of these signals, which can therefore be used. The previous works [1-2] focused on a positioning method using the measurements of variations of distances between a mobile receiver device and transmitters (pseudolites) placed in the immediate environment. The same prin-ciples applied with GNSS satellitesgive the displacement vectors with a good accuracy. This allows carrying out positioning assisted with satellite whose re-sults are presented here.
Multimedia and Network Technique applied in the Piano Teaching and Playing

Nowadays, with the rapid development of digital information, our classroom becomes an information studying environment day by day. Multimedia and network technique are used in every learning area. Piano teaching music education in college is becoming a strong profession. Multimedia and network technology are applied to piano teaching and musical performance that represent a new teaching idea and practice styles. The diversification trend of music teaching and greatly promoted students' absorbing ability have increased the extensive use of multimedia-assisted instruction in music teaching. Conclusions have been drawn from the research that multimedia-assisted instruction can improve the absorbing ability of students' music learning, that teaching courseware of informative and interesting content may enhance students' interest in learning, that effective interaction between teachers and students can improve the effectiveness of multimedia music instruction, and that students accepting more multimedia-assisted music instruction turn to have better absorbing ability.
OXIDATIVE STRESS AND PARKINSON DISEASE

Objective: Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease in the brain associated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Old age is the only proven factor in the development of PD. It is thought that oxidative stress which is more triggered in old age plays a vital role in the formation of dopaminergic neurotoxicity. In this review, the relationship between oxidative stress and PD will be examined. Material and Method: The databases in the health sciences field were used to compile the studies conducted to determine the relationship between PH and oxidative stress. Previously published articles such as Web of Science have been used. * Corresponding Author / Sorumlu Yazar: Selma Nergis Aslan e-mail: ecznergisaslan@gmail.com, phone: +903122023085 Submitted/Gönderilme: 13.01. 2019 Accepted/Kabul: 24.01. 2019 J. Fac. Pharm. Ankara, 43(1): 94-116, 2019 Aslan ve Karahalil 95 Result and Discussion: Parkinson's is a neurodegenerative disease resulting from the complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors that affect on many basic cellular process. Oxidative stress threatens genetic integrity and contributes to the development of PH. Avoiding damage products due to oxidative stress and drawing a protective treatment protocol may be a crucial strategy for maintaining healthy brain function and protecting the organism from neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease.
Heart rate variability change induced by the mental stress: the effect of accumulated fatigue

Evidence is shown that accumulated fatigue greatly affects statistical properties of the heart rate fluctuations. Comparison of heart rate variabilities before and after an exhausting physical and mental task was made for six volunteer male subjects. Significant changes in mean heart rate, variances and spectral characteristics were found showing the importance of considering the background physical and mental condition in the characterization of the heart rate.
The Design of Artificial Intelligence Multimedia Courseware and Its Application in Contemporary Art Teaching

Artificial intelligence as a multi-disciplinary interdisciplinary frontier scientific field, it is more and more important in modern society, at the same time, countries around the world also regard it as a key development strategy. The teaching of AI course benefits from the production and design of multimedia courseware and the collection and editing of various teaching materials. Contemporary art, as one of the important factors close to our life and reflecting our life, understanding aesthetics, learning to appreciate and understand contemporary art are increasingly becoming an important part of national education. However, the traditional contemporary art is often too single and boring in courseware design to arouse students' love and desire for aesthetics. This paper will take the design experience of the artificial intelligence multimedia courseware as the reference template, combine the technology of multimedia audio and video to design the contemporary art courseware, stimulate the students' independent initiative to the contemporary art learning through the multimedia technology, and cultivate the students' thinking ability and aesthetic imagination.
Economic Determinants of Default Risks and Their Impacts on the Pricing of Credit Derivatives

We examine the correlations between default intensity processes and the extracted fundamental risk factors based on certain constrains of no-arbitrage conditions. Thus we quantify the impacts of economic determinants on the credit risk. Since the economic environment changes stochastically with the release of new informations, in order to summarize the noisy economic system with continuously updated observations we extract dynamic economic factors from a large number of variables. Although default risks respond differently to distinct economic factors, all parameters are statistically significant. Moreover, we propose a reduced-form model with economic fundamentals to price credit derivatives. We find that the economic environment already signaled for the credit crisis at the end of 2006.
A review of valproate in psychiatric practice

Valproate (2-propylpentanoate) is available as valproic acid, sodium valproate and semisodium valproate. It has actions on dopamine, GABA and glutamate neurotransmission and intracellular signaling. Its main psychiatric use is to treat bipolar disorder. It has been used in other psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and borderline personality disorder, but data are insufficient to recommend this. In acute mania, valproate monotherapy has similar efficacy to antipsychotic drugs and lithium whereas the combination of valproate and an antipsychotic is more effective than either drug alone. In maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder, valproate monotherapy has comparable efficacy to olanzapine although placebo-controlled evidence is limited. Maintenance treatment with valproate and quetiapine or olanzapine is more efficacious than valproate alone when an acute episode responds to the combination. Common adverse effects of valproate include weight gain, gastrointestinal symptoms, sedation, tremor and mild elevation of hepatic enzymes. Serious hepatic toxicity is rare in adults. Many adverse effects are dose related and resolve with dose reduction. Valproate is teratogenic and specifically associated with neural tube defect. Preliminary evidence has linked in utero exposure to decreased verbal intelligence in the offspring. These effects, plus a probable increased risk of polycystic ovary syndrome, limit valproate's use in women of childbearing potential.
Effectiveness of a Hypocaloric and Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Visceral Adipose Tissue and Glycemic Control in Overweight and Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes, or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DM), occurs in 90% to 95% of all diagnosed diabetic cases. This type of diabetes affects individuals with relative insulin deficiency and insulin resistance in the peripheral tissue1. There are several risk factors associated with the onset of type Effectiveness of a Hypocaloric and Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Visceral Adipose Tissue and Glycemic Control in Overweight and Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Chapter 2 HIV Prevention Needs: Primary Prevention and Prevention for People Living with HIV/AIDS

Chapter one of this volume provides an overview of the global scenario of HIV and AIDS. Available data suggests that the number of HIV infections has varied globally since 2000, with HIV rates in some countries such as Kenya and Malawi declining, while other countries such as Uganda and Thailand report setbacks in their previously declining rates of HIV infection. Moreover, HIV/AIDS seems to be gaining further ground in Russia and the most populous regions of the world including India and China. For a sustainable response to the epidemic, both prevention and treatment services need to be brought to scale simultaneously. Although 700,000 people began antiretroviral (ARV) treatment in 2006, around four million people became infected with HIV. As Kevin De Cock, the World Health Organization’s (WHO) HIV/AIDS Director emphasized, “We cannot treat our way out of this epidemic. For every case going into treatment, six more are going to the back of the line. ” (Alcorn, 2007) This chapter provides a broad overview of primary prevention for at-risk populations and prevention interventions targeted to people living with HIV/AIDS.
The Influence of College Students' Mobile Phone Dependence on Their Self-Esteem and Loneliness

With the development of the times, the use of mobile phones, especially smart phones, has become more and more popular and has become one of the mainstream ways of life as a culture. College students, as the main users of mobile phones, enjoy their convenience and entertainment while relying more and more on mobile phones, and gradually develop into behaviors similar to “addiction”, which have negative impacts on their study and life. The related research on mobile phone dependence is one of the hot topics of experts at home and abroad. At present, communication studies and psychology mainly study mobile phone dependence from different angles. The research is more about qualitative research such as the status quo, causes, and countermeasures. This paper uses empirical research to analyze factors such as loneliness, self-esteem and social support by collecting a large amount of valid data. To explore the impact of college students' mobile phone dependence on their loneliness and self-esteem, and to explore the relationship between various factors. Provide data support for mobile phone dependence research to enrich the research results in the field of mobile phone dependence.
Is my patient adequately awake for recovery room discharge?

Abstract Recovery after anaesthesia must be monitored carefully, and patients should be assessed before they are discharged to the ward or some other area where they are less likely to receive the same level of care. While the anaesthetist is responsible for his or her patient until he or she is discharged from the recovery room, the decision to make the release is usually delegated to a responsible trained nurse. Therefore, strict discharge criteria are essential.
Spatial Dynamics of Income Inequality in Austria

Income inequality is generally assessed by using a number of different methods that often neglect the impact of location on the results. The use of spatial methods to shed light on regional income inequality has been applied on a small set of countries, mostly due to the problem of data availability. Using a tax dataset of all Austrian wage earners including geographic information, we analyze spatial dynamics of income inequality in Austria. We obtain results for spatial dependence on different geographical levels. Using this information we investigate clusters of high income earners and the distribution of income and inequality regarding regional units.
Language issues in our schools: Whose voice counts? Part 1: The parents speak

Current debates about languages in education are fraught with controversy and opposing views, and real-world experience reveals huge gaps between idealistic theory and on-theground practice. It is important to examine this issue in the light of democracy and the declared need for consultation with all stakeholders, and to consider the needs of the learners in society as well as those of the educators. One particular area of contest and debate is the teaching of Xhosa, and the use of the mother tongue for instruction. This two-part article reports on a small-scale survey which was carried out in Grahamstown in the Eastern Cape Province. 2 The first of the two articles reports on questionnaire responses from the parents of 194 Xhosa-speaking children who had been sent to English-medium schools in Grahamstown. This survey included personal interviews with 26 of these parents, in which they elaborate on their views and experiences with regard to language issues. The second of the two articles reports on personal interviews which were conducted with the heads of these six Englishmedium schools concerning the issue of language in education and particularly the teaching of Xhosa in their schools.
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ANTI-HYPERTENSIVE EFFECTS OF AMLODIPINE AND ENALAPRIL IN PRIMARY HYPERTENSION

Summary A prospective, randomized study was conducted at two Nepalese hospitals to compare the mean reduction in Blood Pressure (BP), Pulse Rate (PR) and Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) caused by amlodipine and enalapril. Thirty-six patients each in amlodipine and enalapril group were followed at 0, 1, and 4 weeks. Median age of the patients was 46.5 years and only 40% had schooling. Overall, 50% were either current or past smokers, 5.56% diabetic and 26.39% had family history of hypertension. Systolic/diastolic BP reduction in enalapril group was significant after 1 week (P = 0.000, 0.000) and insignificant after 4 weeks (P= 0.131, 0.271). In amlodipine group systolic/diastolic BP reduction was significant after 1 week (P = 0.000, 0.000) and after 4 weeks (P = 0.000, 0.008). BP reduction with enalapril was statistically insignificant (P = 0.618, 0.289). Enalapril decreased PR significantly (P = 0.004) after 1 weeks and insignificantly after 4 weeks (P = 0.803). Amlodipine decreased PR insignificantly after 1 and 4 weeks (P = 0.071, 0.556). PR reduction was more in enalapril group and was significant (P = 0.041, 0.025). Dry cough, nausea and dizziness were major ADRs with enalapril; whereas, peripheral edema, nausea and shortness of breath with amlodipine. More number of ADRs was experienced with amlodipine and 2 patients needed a change in drug therapy due to ankle edema. Both drugs were equally effective in terms of BP reduction and enalapril was better tolerated.
Linear IgA Bullous Dermatosis

Abstract: Linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD) can mimic bullous pemphigoid (BP) and/or dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) both clinically and histologically. LABD. however, can be distinguished from BP and DH by direct immunofluorescent (IF) demonstration of linear IgA. deposits along the basement membrane zone. A retrospective study of 234 cases of BP, 27 cases of LABD, 60 cases of DH, and 20 cases of cicatricial pemphigoid (CP) revealed that BP patients are significantly older than LABD or DH patients and LABD patients are significantly older than DH patients. BP and CP occur more frequently in women (65–70%) than LABD or DH (44–48%). The frequencies of C3 deposits in the basement membrane zone (BMZ) are significantly higher in BP (85%) compared with LABD (18.5%) and DH (28.3%). LABD patients varied in their response to various therapeutic agents. Some responded to corticosteroids and some to sulfones alone. whereas others required a combination of corticosteroids and sulfones.
Growth of the facial skeleton following the Malek repair for unilateral cleft lip and palate.

Abstract Variations in the surgical procedures used to repair a complete unilateral cleft lip and palate have differing effects on growth of the facial skeleton. In this study, cephalometric radiographs of the cases of Professor Rene Malek were analyzed. The sample consisted of 35 male patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate at a mean age of 10.1 years. Previous data from the cases of Dr. W.K. Lindsay in Ross (1987). Cephalometric data were compared with our sample. Results showed that the Malek protocol for surgical repair, as performed by Malek, produces excellent midface growth at 10 years of age.
The future for treating Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease

Introduction: Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare, transmissible and fatal neurodegenerative illness that affects people worldwide with a prevalence of about 1 – 2 cases per million people. Early diagnosis of CJD is still difficult despite recent development of novel assays for detecting the pathological prion protein, the only reliable marker of disease found in the cerebrospinal fluid, urine and mucosa olfactoria. Areas covered: This analysis covers attempts of therapy in CJD and related diseases. It looks at problems encountered in designing and interpreting the few available trials with the aim that learning from past experiences would improve future clinical experimentations. Expert opinion: The future of therapeutic intervention in CJD should begin with the identification of novel compounds with strong antiprion effects. These need validating in animal models of disease before their use in humans. Improvement of preclinical studies according to internationally recognized guidelines should cover critical aspects that have been poorly followed in the past. The use of more than one model of prion infection should also be encouraged. Novel international diagnostic criteria for including CJD patients in clinical trials in an early stage are needed and consensus should be reached for determining the most meaningful criteria to evaluate the progression of disease.
The role of socio-cultural factors in the obesity epidemic

Obesity is socio-culturally distributed; that is the prevalence of obesity is known to vary according to socio-cultural factors, including socio-economic position, social roles and circumstance, and cultural factors. Further, these socio-cultural patterns are complex and specific to sex, age, and sometimes racial groups, as well as type of society, with patterns of relationships observed in developed countries sometimes reversed in developing countries. As described in Chapter 4, there is little doubt of the importance of the changing physical environment to the increases in obesity observed over the past several decades. However, far less attention has been paid to investigating the potential contribution of socio-cultural factors and to changes in the socio-cultural environment over time to the current obesity pandemic. The mechanisms through which socio-cultural factors may influence body weight and risk for obesity are also not well understood. In discussing socio-cultural influences we refer to systems of social relations (roles and relationships that define class, gender, ethnicity, and other social factors) and the meanings attached to these (1). For the purposes of this chapter, we focus on the impact of social, economic, and value systems on individuals' obesity-related behaviors (particularly, certain eating patterns and physical inactivity). In particular, we examine socio-cultural categories (socio-economic status, ethnicity, marital/family roles) for which evidence exists that rates of obesity are differentially distributed. We have not focused on the role of physical environmental factors, which is covered in Chapter 4, and we have largely restricted our focus to developed countries, from where the majority of the evidence for socio-cultural influences on obesity is derived. Issues relating to influences on obesity in developing countries are covered in detail in Chapter 5. This chapter provides an overview of the impact of socio-cultural influences on obesity in developed countries, and considers the potential pathways through which these influences may operate. The chapter concludes by speculating about the potential impact of societal trends on future rates and patterns of obesity in developed countries.