Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sewage Work and Occupational Health Hazards: An Anthropological Insight

Occupational health has gradually developed from a mono-disciplinary, riskoriented activity to a multi-disciplinary and comprehensive approach that considers an individual’s physical, mental and social well-being, general health and personal development. The present article aimed at highlighting the anthropological insight on the occupational health hazards among the Sewage works of India. Nodoubt Occupational health aimed at the protection and promotion of the health of workers by preventing and controlling occupational diseases and accidents and by eliminating occupational factors and conditions hazardous to health and safety at work but still apart from the social atrocities, these sewage workers are also exposed to many occupational health hazards like exposure to harmful gases, drowning, musculo skeletal disorders, infections, skin problems, respiratory system problem and cardiovascular degeneration. Present article also discuss about management of toxic Gases that came from sewages and have direct effect on the health of the sewage workers like Hydrogen sulfide, Carbon Monoxide (CO) Gas, Ammonia Gas, Carbon Dioxide, Methane Gas and also represent the important safety measures and safety guide for men working in sewers like Safety is first, statutory provisions for safety, safety equipment, breathing apparatus, air house respirator, portable lighting equipment, non sparking Tools, portable air blowers, safety belt, inhalators, and diver’s suit along with this article also tries to explain about selection of sewer workers, Training and Prerequisite
Anti-hypercholesterolemic effect of Zingiber montanum extract

Background: High cholesterol levels (hypercholesterolemia) has been recognized to cause various disease, most notably the cardiovascular disease. Unfortunately, most anti-hypercholesterolemic drugs deliver several side effects for patients, by which medicinal plants have begun to attract attention for treating hypercholesterolemia. Among others, Zingiber montanum (J.König) Link ex A.Dietr. has traditionally been taken for treating health problems caused by high cholesterol levels. Hence, this work aimed at investigating anti-hypercholesterolemic effects offered by the plant. Methods: This study was conducted on 30 male Wistar rats. During experiments, the subjects were divided into 6 groups (n=5), i.e. no treatment (Group 1, control); high-fat diet (Group 2, control); high-fat diet with simvastatin (Group 3); high-fat diet with plant extracts (Group 4-6 with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW, respectively). After 4 weeks of treatments, blood samples were collected from each group. Then, plasma concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins (HDL), and low density lipoproteins (LDL) were measured. Results: There were significant differences in total cholesterol (p=0.000), LDL (p=0.000) and triglycerides (p=0.001) for Groups 4-6 (high-fat diet treated with different plant extract doses) in comparison with Group 2 (high-fat diet, control). Meanwhile, there were no significant differences in HDL levels (p=0.830) between Group 2 (high-fat diet, control) and other groups. The results also showed significant differences in total cholesterol and LDL for subjects treated with plant extracts (Group 4, 100 mg/kg BW, p=0.000; Group 5, 200 mg/kg BW, p=0.000; Group 6, 400 mg/kg BW, p=0.000) compared to Group 2 (high-fat diet, control). Then, treatments with 400 mg/kg BW (Group 6) discovered significant reductions in total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides (p=0.030). Conclusion: Therefore, Z. montanum has been discovered to deliver anti-hypercholesterolemic effects to experimental subjects, making it potential to act as a natural source of anti-hypercholesterolemic agents.
Influence of dietary tannin levels on methane production from ruminant livestock: a meta-analysis.

Tannins represent a class of plant secondary metabolites and are produced by plants in their intermediate metabolism. Tannins are considered to be a promising group of substances to decrease methane (CH4) emission from ruminants by dietary means. However, there is no common agreement whether tannins generally decrease CH4 formation in vivo or not and to which extent (Beauchemin et al., 2008). Therefore, synthesis of research on this particular topic is needed, to summarize and to quantify the tannin effects on CH4 production from ruminants and its associated variables. The objective of this study was to estimate the relationship between tannin levels and CH4 emission from ruminant animals by compiling available literature data of respective experiments using a statistical meta-analysis approach.
Evaluation of Recent Medication Therapies of Asthma in Different Hospitals of Lahore City, Pakistan

Asthma is the episodic and most chronic disease that exists worldwide. Factors that trigger asthma are allergens, pollens, cigarette smoke, dust, mites, and animal dander, cockroaches and food. A increased knowledge of asthma, its causes and prevention influence the researchers to find out new and improved medication therapies for future to serve asthma patients is a great opportunity for ambulatory care pharmacists. A questionnaire based, cross-sectional study was planned for this research. Questionnaires were standardized based on common research or they can be customized to meet the specific data gathering need. The study was conducted at five different hospitals of Lahore, Children hospital Lahore, Jinnah hospital Lahore, General hospital Lahore, Social security hospital Lahore and Chaudhary Muhammad Akram teaching and research hospital Lahore. The results indicated that 85% of population is suffering from asthma. 91.5% of population is any taking medication for asthma. Most recently used medication for asthma are inhalers i.e. 80% and inhaled corticosteroids i.e. 82%. Patients are taking medication therapies for asthma but most commonly used are inhalers and steroids. Education provided by pharmacist about asthma was an integral part of health maintenance services its management to control or prevent further attacks because of his knowledge in pathophysiology pharmacology and medication techniques of asthma. Pharmacist driven medication therapy management services were economically stabilized.
Overlapping of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Literature Review

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are the most common chronic respiratory diseases with signiﬁcant morbidityintheworld. Althoughthesediseaseshavediﬀerentcharacteristics,somepatientssharesymptomsandclinicalﬁndings of both diseases, so-called asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS). Although there is no gold standard for the diagnosis of ACOS, it is usually deﬁned as an increased variability of airﬂow in the respiratory tract. Patients with ACOS are identiﬁed with distinct phenotypes such as the increased reversibility of airﬂow obstruction, eosinophilic bronchial and systemic inﬂammation, and the increased reaction to inhaled corticosteroids compared to COPD patients. The evidence indicates that ACOS patients are likely to have more dyspnea and cough, more serious symptoms, more hospital admissions, and higher mortality rate. Despite these com-plexconditions,ACOSpatientshavebeeneliminatedfromclinicaltrialsof asthmaandCOPDandthereislittleevidenceabouttheir clinical decisions. The current study was conducted to review the epidemiology, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of ACOS as the ﬁrst stage of correct diagnosis and appropriate management of this syndrome in databases such as PubMed, Elsevier, Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, Google search engine, and so on.
Behavioural and Pharmacological Interactions between Drug and Nutritional Reinforcers

BEHAVIOURAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN DRUG AND NUTRITIONAL REINFORCERS Meenu Minhas Advisor: University of Guelph, 2018 Dr. Francesco Leri The repeated consumption of highly palatable food shares several behavioural and neurobiological similarities with drugs of abuse. This has led to the “food addiction” hypothesis which predicts that highly palatable food can promote “addictive” behaviours. This hypothesis predicts that sugar and drug reinforcers should interact to influence responses to each other, and that the behaviours engendered by these reinforcers should be comparable in situations where their availability is similar. The studies in this dissertation were designed to test these predictions in male Sprague-Dawley rats using high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) and oxycodone (OXY). HFCS was selected because it is a widely used added sugar in our diets and OXY was selected because it is a widely used and abused prescription opioid. Study 1 explored the effect of a HFCS-rich diet on behavioural and neurochemical responses to OXY. It was found that HFCS decreased OXY-induced locomotion and OXYinduced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens but did not alter OXY conditioned place preference. Study 2 investigated interactions between HFCS and OXY on taking and seeking behaviors in the same subject using the innovative procedure of co-self-administration of intraoral (IO) HFCS and intravenous (IV) OXY. It was found that OXY and HFCS differentially controlled seeking expressed by the same subjects: OXY engenders more persistent behaviour than HFCS, both in the presence and absence of stimuli predicting their availability. Study 3 investigated how a pharmacotherapy used to treat obesity and drug craving could affect HFCS and OXY seeking in animals trained to self-administer both. It was found that acute bupropion increased the magnitude of cue reinstatement for both OXY and HFCS-paired levers, and that the magnitude of the increase was larger for OXY. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that opioid and sugar reinforcers act on similar systems of learning and reinforcement, although there are differences in the extent to which these systems appear engaged. This said, these reinforcers can affect responses to each other, and this suggests that nutrition can play a significant role in the development and maintenance of drug
Functional effects of mutations in mumps virus polymerase protein

The Urabe AM9 mumps vaccine was removed from use in many countries due to an unacceptable incidence of post-vaccination disease. The vaccine was found to be a mixture of closely related viruses, presumably with differing degrees of attenuation. One virus isolated from the vaccine has been shown to be fully attenuated in a rodent model. This virus, Gw7, is characterized by growth in Vero cells (titers 2xl0 pfu/ml) but extremely limited growth in human cell lines ( 2xl0 pfu/ml) in all the cell lines tested to date. Initial sequencing of the genome of the two viruses has identified genetic differences in 6 of the 7 genes, including the two proteins of the replication complex, the polymerase, L (Large protein), and in the P protein (phosphoprotein). The hypothesis was that the amino acid differences observed in L and P play a role in the differences in attenuation in vivo and growth differences in tissue culture cells. The first objective was to confirm the sequence differences in the L and P genes of the viruses and the sequencing results confirmed all the reported differences in the L gene between 1004 and Gw7 plus identified another sequence difference in the L gene which had not been reported in the original sequencing; it also showed that there was no sequence difference in the P gene of the two viruses. The next objective was to compare the polymerase activity of the two viruses. Two methods have been employed to measure the polymerase activity of the viruses; In vivo incorporation of H UTP in the presence of Actinomycin D, and transcription of
Feedback Can Be Less Stressful: Medical Trainee Perceptions of Using the Prepare to ADAPT (Ask-Discuss-Ask-Plan Together) Framework

Introduction Meaningful feedback is essential for effective medical education, yet the feedback process has been consistently problematic for both learners and faculty. Emerging research on feedback highlights the importance of the learner, relationships, and culture for feedback to improve performance. We used the theory of self-regulated learning to develop the Prepare to Ask-Discuss-Ask-Plan Together (Prepare to ADAPT) framework to improve the feedback processes and investigated learner perceptions of this innovative feedback framework. Methods Qualitative thematic analysis of structured interviews of nine trainees participating in training on the Prepare to ADAPT feedback framework. Results The framework appeared primarily to potentially decrease learner anxiety and stress around the feedback process by providing a simple, structured discourse pattern. We identified five contributing themes: (1) increased efficiency of the feedback process; (2) formation of coaching/teamwork relationships; (3) facilitation of reflection and goal identification; (4) increased frequency of the feedback; (5) increased usefulness of the feedback. Discussion The Prepare to ADAPT framework may help decrease stress and anxiety of the feedback by clarifying the process, applying a structure, and developing coaching relationships. The framework was found to be easy to use and increased the number of effective feedback conversations in this exploratory study.
Tutors Evaluation of Integrated Medical Learning in Karbala Medical College

Background: The main task of the tutor in problem-based learning (PBL) is to facilitate group discussion through increasing their skills and monitoring their progress. Several studies had investigated PBL aspects, but few have explored the tutors knowledge and attitude towards the program. Methods: All tutors (n=22) involved in the newly adapted ‘Integrated Learning curriculum’ in Kerbala Medical college during the academic year 2014-2015 voluntarily answered a questionnaire published in ‘ABC of PBL in medicine’ periodical covering tutors, students and session characteristics. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test was used for analysis. P 90%) answered the study questionnaire positively which indicates a great satisfaction and positive evaluation; however, the main mentioned shortcoming was related to insufficient training and short experience with PBL. Keywords: PROBLEM BASED LEARNING, TUTORS, INTEGRATED CURRICULUM, MEDICAL STUDENTS, LEARNING
Dissecting centromeric DNA-microtubule interactions In vitro uncovers a mechanism that ensures proper connection of chromosomes to the mitotic spindle

Author(s): Sandall, Sharsti L. | Abstract: Mitosis is the period of the cell cycle during which the duplicated genome is equally partitioned into two daughter cells. Cells accomplish this feat by condensing their chromosomes into compact units that are aligned and segregated by the cytoskeleton. This process requires correct attachment of sister chromatids to the dynamic mitotic spindle. Attachment errors have severe consequences and can lead to developmental defects, cell death, and cancer. The molecular machine responsible for making attachments between chromosomes and the mitotic spindle is the kinetochore. Composed of over 60 proteins, the kinetochore serves as the attachment interface between chromosomes and microtubules and monitors its' own attachment status. The coupling of these two functions provides a mechanism to delay cell division until all sister chromatids are properly attached to the mitotic spindle, ensuring their correct segregation. While the functions of the kinetochore have long been appreciated, the underlying molecular mechanisms have remained elusive. Studies presented here, which utilize the biochemical and genetic amenability of budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, reveal a specific attachment between the centromeric DNA and microtubules that is mediated by two conserved proteins Bir1/Survivin, and Sli15/INCENP. These proteins are of particular interest for their multiple roles in cell division and their potential use as cancer therapy targets since both are over-expressed in several types of cancer. The Bir1/Survivin-Sli15/INCENP mediated attachment is not responsible for making "core attachments" between kinetochores and microtubules, but instead functions to regulate the conserved kinase, Ipl1/ Aurora B. Ipl1/Aurora B, Sli15/INCENP, and Bir1/Survivin are known collectively as the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) and over a decade of work has revealed that they are important for regulating kinetochore attachments, presumably by recognizing the amount of tension felt by sister chromatids when they are correctly attached to the mitotic spindle. The discoveries described in Chapter 2 has led to the hypothesis that this Bir1/Survivin-Sli15/ INCENP mediated attachment is sensing tension directly to regulate Ipl1/Aurora B, which in turn regulates attachments. This model forms the basis for work presented in Chapter 3, which explores the molecular mechanisms of how the Bir1/Survivin-Sli15/INCENP mediated CEN-DNA linkage regulates and is regulated by Ipl1/Aurora B
The effect of porcupine and bast scale on Aleppo pine recruitment after fire

On a etudie, sur le recrutement du pin d'Alep, les effets combines d'un vase incendie et d'une herbivorie localisee due a des porcs-epics et des coccides. En 1989, un incendie important a detruit 300 ha d'une pinede naturelle au Mont Carmel en Israel. Bien que le pin d'Alep soit adapte aux feux, sa resilience apres un incendie peut etre compromise par d'autres facteurs, biotiques ou abiotiques. Les porcs-epics et les coccides sont responsables de la perte d'environ 6,5 % des jeunes plants quatre ans apres l'incendie. Les degâts provoques par les porcs-epics sont inegaux mais assez importants (en moyenne: 15 % de mortalite chez les jeunes plants. avec une valeur maximale de 21 %) dans les parcelles a faible couvert vegetal et recouvrement rocheux eleve, mais seulement marginaux lorsque la vegetation est relativement dense (mortalite moyenne: 0,5 %). Les degâts provoques par les coccides sont egalement tres inegaux (avec un maximum de 37 % de mortalite chez les jeunes plants) mais ne sont pas correles avec le recouvrement vegetal. Alors que l'activite des porcs-epics ne se manifeste que la quatrieme annee suivant l'incendie, les coccides infestent les jeunes plants au cours d'une periode etendue. L'action des porcs-epics est locale et repartie sur des surfaces relativement faibles; l'infestation par les coccides est tres etendue et generale. Cette etude montre qu'apres un incendie les jeunes plants de pins sont plus exposes a l'action prejudiciable des porcs-epics et des coccides dans les parcelles ayant des conditions rudes (sol sec superficiel, fort recouvrement rocheux) que dans celles ou les conditions environnementales sont plus favorables.
Liste der Ameisen Österreichs (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Stand Oktober 2002

Checklist of the ants of Austria (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), as at October 2002. The first review of the ants of Austria since the catalogue by HOLZEL (1966) is presented, based on extensive re-determinations. In total, 122 free-living species and eight indoor species are listed. For two further species mislabelling is suspected. The completeness of the inventory and the relatively high number of species are discussed in context with neighbouring countries.
CAR-T Therapy for Solid Tumors: Development of New Strategies

The recent approval of two CAR-T therapies by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) marks a very significant development in cell-based cancer immunotherapy. This milestone was demonstrated by the effectiveness of eradicating hematologic cancers using CD19-specific CARs. The success spurred development of immune cell therapies for other cancers, especially solid tumors. The generation of novel CAR constructs for these cancer types represents a major challenge in bringing the technology ‘from-bench-to-bedside‘. In this review, we outline some new technologies we have developed to equip CAR-T cells to enhance efficiency while decreasing toxicity of CAR-T therapies in solid tumors.
The effect of addition of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju) on nutrient composition and sensory acceptation of selected wheat- and rice-based products.

Mushroom cultivation has been more popular recently in Malaysia. They are favoured due to their delicious flavour and low calorific value. Apart from that, they also contain high amount of protein and other essential nutrients. As recommended by food pyramid, people should take in more of their calories from whole grains-based foods than any other sources. Three selected carbohydrate based products namely rice-porridge (RP), paratha flat bread (PB) and conventional cake (CC) were formulated with dried Pleurotus sajor-caju (PSC) powder. All three products were analyzed for proximate analysis and sensory evaluation. Result shows the percentage of moisture, ash, fat and protein of RP increased in line with the levels of PSC powder used except for carbohydrate. Whereas for PB and CCs added with 2%, 4% and 6% PSC, the percentage of all nutrients were higher than control (0%) except for fat. Mushroombased RP had significantly higher value of odour attribute as compared to control, with RP added with 6% PSC powder received the highest score. Meanwhile, mushroom-based PB received better score on textural attribute compared the control. In CC, panels prefer the cake added with 4% PSC powder as they gave higher scores for softness and flavour attributes. In conclusion, addition of PSC powder to partially replace rice and wheat flour in RP, CC and PB enhance essential nutritional components and well accepted by consumers. Thus, PSC powder can be considered to be utilized in carbohydrate–based food products with the purpose of enhancing nutrient compositions without affecting its sensory acceptance.
Development of nuclear transfer goat embryos derived from in vitro matured oocytes as recipient cytoplasm and blastomeres, fetal fibroblasts and cumulus cells as nuclear donors

In vitro development of goat nuclear transfer embryos produced using in vitro matured oocytes as recipient cytoplast and blastomeres, fetal fibroblast and cumulus cells as nuclear donors, was investigated. The constructed oocytes were fused and activated by electrical and chemical activation respectively. Activated nuclear transferred embryos (NTEs) were incubated overnight in tissue culture medium 199 (TCM199) +15% fetal bovine serum (FBS) at 38.5°C in CO 2 incubator and cultured subsequently on monolayer of goat oviductal epithelial cells in TCM199+15% FBS. The fusion rates for blastomere, fibroblast and cumulus cells were 76.1, 55.7 and 57.7% respectively. The proportion of the NTEs cleaved to 2-cell were 42.2, 44.3 and 40.0% for blastomere, fibroblast and cumulus cells; respectively; 27.9, 16.3 and 12.5% of the cleaved embryos derived from blastomere, fibroblast and cumulus cell developed to blastocyst in vitro. It is concluded that the efficiency of in vitro development of goat NTEs produced from in vitro matured oocytes and blastomeres is better. However none of the recipient delivered offspring following transfer of nuclear transfer goat embryos into recipient goats.
Neuronal hypertrophy in asymptomatic Alzheimer's Disease in the BLSA

Objective: To examine the sizes of neurons, nuclei, and nucleoli of asymptomatic Alzheimer's Disease (AD) subjects (ASYMAD) in specific cerebral regions: CA1‐hippocampus (CA1), anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG), posterior cingulate gyrus (PCG) and primary visual cortex (PVC); and to compare them with age‐matched controls (C), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and definite AD subjects (AD).