Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
El rol del gluten en la panificación y el desafío de prescindir de su aporte en la elaboración de pan

La enfermedad celiaca es una enteropatia cronica del intestino delgado inmunomediada y promovida por la exposicion a una dieta con gluten en individuos geneticamente predispuestos. La interaccion de factores geneticos y ambientales provoca la perdida de tolerancia a ciertas proteinas presentes en algunos cereales. Recientemente se establecio una prevalencia de celiaquia del 1% en el mundo, con grandes variaciones entre los paises. El unico tratamiento eficaz es adoptar una dieta libre de gluten. El gluten es una red proteica que se estructura al hidratar la harina y se refuerza mediante el amasado. Esta conformado fundamentalmente por dos fracciones proteicas: prolaminas y glutelinas. Estas proteinas juegan un rol preponderante en la calidad de los mas tradicionales productos de panificacion, por lo que es un gran desafio para investigadores y tecnologos elaborar estos productos sin contar con esta red. La polimerizacion de proteinas para simular la red de gluten ha mostrado sus limitaciones, por lo que se profundizo en el estudio de las interacciones entre diferentes componentes como un factor determinante para el desarrollo de productos. Sobre esa base se obtuvieron mejores resultados usando almidon de mandioca y harina de soja activa, gracias las interacciones especificas establecidas entre ambos componentes.
Evolutionary history of spiny‐tailed lizards (Agamidae: Uromastyx) from the Saharo‐Arabian region

The subfamily Uromastycinae within the Agamidae is comprised of 18 species: three within the genus Saara and 15 within Uromastyx. Uromastyx is distributed in the desert areas of North Africa and across the Arabian Peninsula towards Iran. The systematics of this genus has been previously revised, although incomplete taxonomic sampling or weakly supported topologies resulted in inconclusive relationships. Biogeographic assessments of Uromastycinae mostly agree on the direction of dispersal from Asia to Africa, although the timeframe of the cladogenesis events has never been fully explored. In this study, we analysed 129 Uromastyx specimens from across the entire distribution range of the genus. We included all but one of the recognized taxa of the genus and sequenced them for three mitochondrial and three nuclear markers. This enabled us to obtain a comprehensive multilocus time‐calibrated phylogeny of the genus, using the concatenated data and species trees. We also applied coalescent‐based species delimitation methods, phylogenetic network analyses and model‐testing approaches to biogeographic inferences. Our results revealed Uromastyx as a monophyletic genus comprised of five groups and 14 independently evolving lineages, corresponding to the 14 currently recognized species sampled. The onset of Uromastyx diversification is estimated to have occurred in south‐west Asia during the Middle Miocene with a later radiation in North Africa. During its Saharo‐Arabian colonization, Uromastyx underwent multiple vicariance and dispersal events, hypothesized to be derived from tectonic movements and habitat fragmentation due to the active continental separation of Arabia from Africa and the expansion and contraction of arid areas in the region.
An Orthogonal Air Pollution Monitoring Method (OAPM) Based on LoRaWAN

High accuracy air pollution monitoring in a smart city requires the deployment of a huge number of sensors in this city. One of the most appropriate wireless technologies expected to support high density deployment is LoRaWAN which belongs to the Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) family and offers long communication range, multi-year battery lifetime and low cost end devices. It has been designed for End Devices (EDs) and applications that need to send small amounts of data a few times per hour. However, a high number of end devices breaks the orthogonality of LoRaWAN transmissions, which was one of the main advantages of LoRaWAN. Hence, network performances are strongly impacted. To solve this problem, we propose a solution called OAPM (Orthogonal Air Pollution Monitoring) which ensures the orthogonality of LoRaWAN transmissions and provides accurate air pollution monitoring. In this paper, we show how to organize EDs into clusters and sub-clusters, assign transmission times to EDs, configurate and synchronize them, taking into account the specificities of LoRaWAN and the features of the air pollution monitoring application. Simulation results corroborate the very good behavior of OAPM.
Modelling and Optimization of Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Polyphenols Using Response Surface Methodology

Mango seed kernels are by-products of the consumption and transformation of mango fruits (Mangifera indica L.). Many ways of valorisation have been proposed, and among them, their phenolic compounds extraction. To increase the extraction yield, ultrasound-assisted extraction was modelled and optimized. The 4 factors Central Composite design associated with the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) were used to achieve that goal. The effect of extraction time, temperature, stirring rate and the Ultrasound Amplitude, on the total phenolic compound extraction yield and the total reducing power of the extract, were studied and modelled. The modelling allows us to do a multi-response optimization to identify the best-operating conditions to achieve at the same time the highest extraction yield and antioxidant capacity. The optimal operating conditions achieved were 41.82 min of extraction time, 54. 75⁰C as extraction time, under 266.67 rpm as stirring rate, and 100% ultrasound amplitude. With an expected extraction yield of 71.35 mg GA/g, and 123.058 mg AA/g of total reducing power. 2 extraction cycles, under these conditions, are enough to extract a maximum of the phenolic content, under the described conditions.
Oxytocin Pathway Genes (CD38, OXTR) and Psychosocial Characteristics Defined According to Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in Urban Siberian Adolescents: A School-based Study

Oxytocin (OT) is regarded as an extremely important prosocial neuropeptide that dramatically affects the establishment of social connections from infancy to adulthood. OT effects on the psychoemotional state are pretty individual and may be dependent on age, gender, ethnocultural factors, social environment, the presence of stress factors, and features of personality. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a brief psychopathological screening tool and is recommended for the detection and classification of psychosocial problems in adolescents. The current field school-based study, conducted among urban Siberian adolescents (n = 298 aged 12–18) explored the relation of SDQ scales in relation to genotypes of CD38 gene that controls oxytocin release, rs3796863, and oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR), rs53576. The results of our study show that during the adolescence period, OT pathway high activity can cause some negative effects, such as emotional instability in young (aged 12–14) adolescent girls in the case of carriage of the rs3796863 A allele and emotional disturbances in older (aged 15–18) adolescent boys who are carriers of a GG variant of rs53576. Our results support the hypothesis of OT-mediated excessive social sensitivity which can lead to some age-sex depending psychosocial problems during adolescence.
Effect of Grazing Types on Community-Weighted Mean Functional Traits and Ecosystem Functions on Inner Mongolian Steppe, China

The relationships between community-weighted mean (CWM) functional traits and ecosystem functions have been extensively studied. However, how CWM traits and ecosystem functions respond to grazing types and whether the relationships between CWM traits and ecosystem functions mediate the response of ecosystem functions to grazing types remains controversial. In the present study, we set up a seven-year grazing experiment with four grazing types: no grazing (NG), cattle grazing (CG), sheep grazing (SG), and mixed grazing by sheep and cattle (MG) on Inner Mongolia grassland. Nine functional traits of dominant species and five ecosystem functions under different grazing types were determined, and the relationships between CWM traits and ecosystem functions were analyzed. The results showed that the CWM height decreased after grazing, while the CWM nitrogen and phosphorus contents increased after CG. SG caused a greater decrease in aboveground biomass (AGB) and a greater increase in the net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) of grassland ecosystems than did CG. This result may be partially because the CWM nutrient content and NEE were more negatively related after CG; and the increase in the CWM nitrogen and phosphorus contents suppressed NEE after CG. Therefore, to protect the sustainability of grassland ecosystem functions, SG should be reduced. Additionally, our work emphasizes that the relationships between plant functional traits and ecosystem functions may mediate the response of ecosystem functions to grazing types.
Prevalence of efflux genes and ribosomal protection genes among tetracycline-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from diarrheic patients in Iraq

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of tetracycline-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from clinical sources in Iraq, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Materials and Methods: A total of 822 samples were collected from patients suffering from diarrhea. Isolates were identified using biochemical tests, Vitek 2 system, and 16S rRNA specific primer. PCR was used to detect tetracycline-resistant isolates. Results: Out of the 822 clinical samples collected, 13 Aeromonas spp. isolates (1.58%) were recovered, out of which eight isolates (61.53%) were identified as A. hydrophila. Results found that all tetracycline-resistant isolates carried at least one of the tet genes examined. Among efflux genes, tet (A) was most commonly observed in isolates, followed by efflux tet gene (tet B and C) and ribosomal protection protein (tet O). However, efflux genes tet (D and G) were not detected in any of the isolates. Conclusions: The prevalence of tet O chromosomal protection protein among A. hydrophila isolates was first recorded in Iraq and in many other neighboring countries.
Adsorption of Lippia multiflora essential oil on two surfactant-modified clays: qualitative approach

Abstract This paper deals with the adsorption of an essential oil (EO) on a kaolinite-rich clay and a smectite-rich clay. The two clays were modified with a quaternary alkyl ammonium surfactant to create a lipophilic environment for better adsorption of the EO. The preparation of the clay/EO hybrids avoided the use of a slurry and organic solvent. The selected EO was that of Lippia multiflora. This EO has insecticidal properties. The surfactant was trioctyl methylammonium (TOMA). The modified clays were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The smectite-rich clay displayed greater adsorption of the L. multiflora EO compared to the kaolinite-rich clay. The interlayer space of the kaolinite-rich clay was not affected by the adsorption of the TOMA and/or EO molecules, which suggests that the adsorption in this clay took place on the external surface. By contrast, a significant increase in the interlayer space of the smectite-rich clay was observed, suggesting that the adsorption process of TOMA and/or EO took place on both the external and internal surfaces. The IR analysis showed that the surfactant loading in the interlayer space of the smectite-rich clay introduces a gauche conformation in the alkyl chains. A formulation mixing this local smectite-rich clay and the L. multiflora EO has potential for the manufacture of new biopesticides.
Virtual reality storytelling as a double-edged sword: Immersive presentation of nonfiction 360°-video is associated with impaired cognitive information processing

ABSTRACT This study examines the effects of the immersive presentation of nonfiction omnidirectional video on audiences’ cognitive processing. Participants watched a sample of 360°-video nonfiction content, presented either in a virtual reality headset or on a computer screen. Measures of heart rate variability and electrodermal activity were collected, together with self-reported ratings of presence, information recognition, and memory. The results indicate that the immersive presentation elicits higher arousal and presence, but also lower focused attention, recognition, and cued recall of information. These effects on focused attention and memory were not mediated by variations on arousal or presence. Implications are discussed in terms of the psychological effects of immersive media, as well as their relevance for media practitioners.
Generation and Analysis of Mouse Models for Alzheimer’s Disease

Sphingomyelin Synthase 1 (SMS1) was found to be a new candidate gene for Alzheimer’s disease. The analysis of Sms1 gene trap mice on an APPswe transgenic background suggested that SMS1 influences amongst others the processing of APP. A synergistic effect between Sms1 and APPswe led to early death of generated double mutant mice. Additionally, the reduction of SMS1 negatively influenced male fertility in mice due to a specific reduction of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Fertility could be partially restored by oral administration of omega-3 fatty acids.
Restoration Potential of Bighorn Sheep in a Prairie Region

Efforts to recover Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) throughout western North America have had limited success with the majority of current populations remaining in small and isolated areas on a fraction of their historical range. Prairie environments with rugged topography throughout the Northern Great Plains ecoregion were historically occupied by relatively robust bighorn sheep populations. We predicted there is likely unrealized potential habitat for restoring bighorn sheep to these areas; however, relatively little attention has been devoted to identifying habitat in unoccupied prairie regions. We used global positioning system (GPS)‐collar data collected from 43 female bighorn sheep in 2 populations located in the eastern Montana, USA, portion of the Northern Great Plains during 2014–2018 to estimate a population‐level annual resource selection model and identify the important factors affecting bighorn sheep resource selection. We extrapolated model predictions across eastern Montana's prairie region and identified potential habitat to understand restoration potential and assist with future translocations of bighorn sheep. Resource selection of bighorn sheep was most strongly associated with terrain slope and ruggedness, tree canopy cover, and a normalized difference vegetation index metric. Within currently unoccupied areas of the historical range, the model extrapolation predicted 7,211 km of habitat, with most owned and managed by private landowners (44%), Bureau of Land Management (33%), and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (15%). Our results provide an empirical evaluation of landscape covariates influencing resource selection of bighorn sheep occupying prairie environments and provide a habitat model that may be generalizable to other areas in the Northern Great Plains ecoregion. We demonstrate substantial potential for restoration opportunities of bighorn sheep in the Northern Great Plains ecoregion. Broad restoration of bighorn sheep across the ecoregion would likely require strong collaboration among and between public resource managers, private landowners, and livestock producers given the heterogeneous land ownership patterns, management strategies, and domestic sheep distributions. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Molecular data from Orthonectid worms show they are highly degenerate members of phylum Annelida not phylum Mesozoa

The Mesozoa are a group of tiny, extremely simple, vermiform endoparasites of various marine animals (Fig. 1). There are two recognised groups within the Mesozoa: the Orthonectida (Fig. 1a,b; with a few hundred cells including a nervous system made up of just 10 cells [1]) and the Dicyemids (Fig. 1c; with at most 42 cells [2]). They are classic ‘Problematica’ [3] - the name Mesozoa suggests an evolutionary position intermediate between Protozoa and Metazoa (animals) [4] and implies their simplicity is a primitive state, but molecular data have shown they are members of Lophotrochozoa within Bilateria [5-8] which would mean they derive from a more complex ancestor. Their precise phylogenetic affinities remain uncertain, however, and ascertaining this is complicated by the very fast evolution observed in genes from both groups, leading to the common systematic error of Long Branch Attraction (LBA) [9]. Here we use mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequence data, and show beyond doubt that both dicyemids and orthonectids are members of the Lophotrochozoa. Carefully addressing the effects of systematic errors due to unequal rates of evolution, we show that the phylum Mesozoa is polyphyletic. While the precise position of dicyemids remains unresolved within Lophotrochozoa, we unequivocally identify orthonectids as members of the phylum Annelida. This result reveals one of the most extreme cases of body plan simplification in the animal kingdom; our finding makes sense of an annelid-like cuticle in orthonectids [1] and suggests the circular muscle cells repeated along their body [10] may be segmental in origin.
Matrix production in Bacillus subtilis biofilms is localized to a propagating front

Bacterial biofilms are surface attached microbial communities encased in self-produced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Development of a mature biofilm must require coordinating cell differentiation and multicellular activity at scales much larger than the single microbial unit. Here we demonstrate that during development of Bacillus subtilis biofilms, EPS matrix production is localized to a front propagating at the periphery. We show that within the front, cells switch off matrix production and transition to sporulation after a set time delay of ∼100 min. Correlation analyses of fluctuations in fluorescence reporter activity reveals that the front emerges from a pair of gene expression waves of matrix production and sporulation. The expression waves travel across cells that are immobilized in the biofilm matrix, in contrast to active cell migration or horizontal colony spreading. A single length scale and time scale couples the spatiotemporal propagation of both fronts throughout development, with the front displacement obeying a t1/2 scaling law. As a result, gene expression patterns within the advancing fronts collapse to self-similar expression profiles. Our results indicate that development of bacterial biofilms may be governed by universal wave-like dynamics localized to a self-similar front.
All-optical serial-to-parallel converter based on nonlinear effects in silicon microring resonators

We propose and demonstrate the fundamental operation of a novel on-chip microring resonator-type serial-to-parallel conversion scheme for all-optical label processing. We left out a delay between the simultaneously implemented pump pulses and probe bits to be extracted. This enabled us to utilize free-carrier dispersion eﬀect to concurrently blue shift the resonance spectra of the microring resonators at low pump power, and avoid nonlinear loss due to two-photon absorption. We successfully extracted two consecutive bits of probe packets into separate waveguides and veriﬁed the potential of our scheme in the intended application.
Disulfide Linkage of the ( and q Chains of the T Cell Receptor

The T cell antigen receptor (TCR) is a multisubunit membrane complex. It consists of two disulfide-linked polymorphic chains (either a+ or 7-6 heterodimers) which are noncovalently linked to five invariant chains. The CD3-7 and CD3-6 chains bear N-linked carbohydrates and the CD3-e and { chains are nonglycosylated. Further analysis of the { chain in murine T cells demonstrates that it can exist as either a homodimer or disulfide linked to an additional protein with an apparent M, of 22,000. The partial peptide map of this 22-kDa protein is different than { and all of the CD3 components. Like {, it has no apparent N-linked carbohydrate chains. We have chosen to refer to this subunit as the r) chain of the TCR. Ninety percent oft in cloned and nonclonal populations of T cells exist as a homodimer, and the remainder is found linked to the r) chain. The tight regulation of the {-{ to t-r) ratio suggests an important functional role for these structural components of the TCR.
Identifying Differentially Expressed Human Lung MicroRNAs and Their Molecular Functions

MicroRNAs are non-coding, short RNAs which regulate the gene expression in cells either by cleaving the target mRNAs or by suppressing the target protein synthesis. Differentially expressed microRNAs effect the normal gene expression and cause diseases such as cancer. MicroRNA expression profiling is possible due to microarray technology. There is a need for development of a computational technique to determine the biological pathways altered by the differentially expressed microRNAs so that the effective study of any type of cancer can be conducted easily whenever required. In this research, a microRNA dataset, consisting of normal and lung cancer data, is analyzed. The microRNA data are normalized and the microRNAs that are differentially expressed in the lung cancer microarray than in the normal lung microarray are obtained using statistical method called T-test. Only those microRNAs with p-values less than 0.01 are considered here for more preciseness. The samples of differentially expressed microRNAs are classified using KNN classifier for five categories of microRNAs: top 5, 10, 20, 40 and 50 microRNAs with 50 randomly generated test cases for each category. The classification was 81% accurate on average for five categories of top microRNAs. The results also indicated that the lung cancer samples can be classified using a small panel of 5 microRNAs with over 85% classification accuracy which means the lung cancer sample and normal lung sample are significantly distinct. The microRNA names made available in our dataset file are very specific names whereas predicted target list are available for more generic microRNA names. 15 unique microRNA were obtained by processing the top 50 differentially expressed microRNAs. 3103 predicted mRNA targets of those differentially expressed microRNAs are identified from online resource. The up-regulated and down-regulated microRNAs are identified and their targets are stored separately. The molecular functions associated with the predicted targets of both types of microRNAs are retrieved from Gene Ontology Consortium and are represented using GO IDs in directed acyclic graphs. Also, the GO IDs for the human's entire GeneIDs are retrieved by processing files made available by European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) through its Gene Ontology Annotation (GOA) project. They are also represented in a direct acyclic graph. The entire GeneID-GOID set of human as well as the GeneID-GOID sets of the predicted targets of both the up-regulated and down-regulated microRNAs are further processed. Fisher's Exact Test was employed for conducting significance test to find those functional groups which are prominently …