Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increasing Accuracy of C4.5 Algorithm by Applying Discretization and Correlation-based Feature Selection for Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosis

Data mining is a technique of research necessary hidden information in a database to find interesting pattern. In the health sector, data mining can be used to diagnose a disease from the patient's medical data record. This research used a Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) dataset obtained from UCI machine learning repository. In this dataset almost half of attributes are numeric types that are continuous. Continuous attributes can make accuracy lower because the data forms are unlimited, so it need to be transformed into discrete. In certain cases, if all attributes are used, it can produce a low level of accuracy because it is irrelevant and does not have a correlation with the target class. So, these attributes need to be selected in advance to get more accurate results. Classification is one technique in data mining. Which one of classification algorithms is C4.5. Purpose of this study is increasing accuracy of C4.5 algorithm by applaying discretization and Correlation-Based Feature Selection (CFS) for chronic kidney disease diagnosis. Accuracy improvement is done by applying discretization and CFS. Discretization is used to handle continuous value, while CFS is used as attribute selection. Experiment was conducted with WEKA (Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis). By applying discretization and CFS in C4.5 shows an increase in accuracy of 0.5%. The C4.5 has an accuracy of 97%. The accuracy of C4.5 with discretization are 97.25% and accuracy of C4.5 algorithm with discretization and CFS is 97.5%.
Evaluation of β-mannanase and Different Dietary Energy Levels on Egg Production, Apparent Digestibility and Blood Metabolites of Laying Hen

A trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary energy levels and β-mannanase supplementation on egg production performance, nutrient retention and blood metabolites of laying hens. Hy-Line Brown layers (n=240, 68 wk-old) were randomly allotted to 6 treatments on the basis of laying performance. Each treatment had 8 replicates with 5 birds. Laying hens were fed three energy levels (2650, 2750 and 2850 kcal/kg) and 0 and 0.4 g β-mannanase/kg diet in a 2×3 factorial arrangement for 56d. Laying hens fed diets supplemented with β-mannanase or high energy (2750 and 2850 kcal) had greater overall egg production. Addition with either high energy diet or β-mannanase improved the egg mass in the second production phase as well as overall egg mass. Feed intake was decreased in laying hens fed the highest (2850 kcal) dietary energy level. Moreover, laying hens fed the highest energy diets had a greater feed conversion ratio. Laying hens fed diets with β-mannanase had greater retention of DM, GE and CP than hens fed diets without β-mannanase. Retention of mannose was greater in laying hens fed diets supplemented with β-mannanase or high energy diets. The results obtained indicate that a high energy content in diets had positive effect on the performance of laying hens and that dietary supplementation with β-mannanase has the potential to improve laying hen performance and nutrient retention.
To Study the Orientation of Anganwadi Workers on Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness in Malnutrition

Background: Malnutrition is one of the serious health problems in children. Malnourished children are more prone to frequent illness. This adversely affects their nutritional status, faltering growth and diminished learning ability. India adapted the integrated management of childhood illness strategy aiming to reduce its newborn and infant mortality burden and the main objective of the study was the orientation of anganwadi workers on IMNCI in malnutrition.Subjects and Methods:The study was observational and conducted jagdalpur Chhattisgarh. Only those who fully satisfied both the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Permission from institutional ethics committee was obtained. Selection criteria in the present study were all children in the Anganwadi in a defined area. Result:PEM cases are more compared to controls, Malnutrition is seen in below 5 years of age group in children and more in cases group than the control group. In cases group it was 360 and control group it was 240.In 0 – 2 months of age malnutrition is more in cases than controls. Conclusion:Anganwadi workers were trained based on IMNCI and asked to educate mothers regarding health, nutrition and care seeking during illness of the children.
Nuptial flight of the Southeast Asian plant-ant Crematogaster captiosa (Forel, 1911) and the phenology of colony founding Brigitte

Despite the great importance of nuptial flights for ants, little isknown about the swarming processes from the highly diverse tropical regions,especially rainforests. This is particularly true for ants living in obligate symbiosiswith myrmecophytic plants. Here we present the first direct observationsof the swarming event in the association between Crematogaster captiosa andthe pioneer tree Macaranga bancana in Southeast Asia. Nuptial flights of C.captiosa on M. bancana took place during the night, and alate females wereseen to copulate with alate males on the tree. Data on C. captiosa from theMalay Peninsula as well as Borneo indicate that sexual production and colonyfounding occurs throughout the year. Despite episodic fruiting seasons of thehost plants, Macaranga saplings for colony founding can also become availableoutside peak seasons from seed banks after disturbance. Therefore, continuousswarming might be a good strategy to avoid strong competition for limited nestingsites while still securing permanent colonisation of saplings - a prerequisitefor their survival.
Converging preganglionic axons refine without synaptic transmission when targets downstream of sympathetic nerves are active

It is well accepted that refinement of converging presynaptic inputs depends on postsynaptic activity; however, it remains unclear how this developmental event is initiated. To address this, we developed a mosaic model where synaptically-active and synaptically-inactive sympathetic neurons develop side-by-side in the same ganglion. Surprisingly, we show that converging presynaptic inputs refine on neurons even without synaptic transmission as long as the synaptically-silent neurons share targets with synaptically-active neurons. In addition, our single-cell RNA sequencing experiments show that sympathetic ganglia contain at least 7 neuronal subtypes that decode the impact of synaptic activity differently, including their ability to maintain an adrenergic phenotype. Our results provide a new view on the roles that synaptic transmission and retrograde target activity have on developing circuits.
Retrospective study of 25 cases of cemented total hip replacement

Background: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) has completely revolutionized the nature in which the arthritic hip is treated. This study was conducted to evaluate the results of cemented total hip replacement, their complications and causes of failure to achieve the ideal results. Materials & Methods: This study consisted of follow up of a total of 25 cases (male20, female5). Patients with various hip diseases treated with cemented total hip replacement were studied. Anteroposterior radiographs of bilateral hips and proximal shaft distal to tip of prosthesis and lateral radiographs were taken. In all patients, Pain, limp, absence of deformity and range of motion was recorded. Total Harris Hip Score, grading of the Harris hip score and Successful result was recorded as poor, fair, good and excellent. Results: The most common indication was idiopathic avascular necrosis of head femur 16 (64%) patients, followed by fracture neck of femur 6 (24%) patients, followed by posttraumatic osteoarthritis of hip 2 (8%) patients, followed by Post traumatic AVN of hip 1 (4%) patient. Harris hip score before surgery was in the range of 41-50 had maximum number of patients i.e. 10 (40%) patients and the mean preoperative Harris Hip Score was 44 ranging from 23-56 which following poor category as per told by the patient on follow up visits. The mean follow up was 36 months ranging from 7-76 months. The mean range of flexion at final follow up was 123.8 degrees (range 100 degrees to 140 degrees) at 1-5 years of follow up. Conclusion: Cemented total hip replacement is a safe, reproducible and excellent surgical procedure for and stage painful hip diseases. It improves the functional handicap of patients dramatically.
GENOTYPING AND HEMOLYTIC CHARACTERIZATION OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA FROM SOME RAW AND COOKED FOODS

This study aimed to identify pathogenic bacteria in contaminated food from cafeterias and restaurants at the University of Kerbala. Thirty-nine bacterial samples were collected from various foods, such as salads, falafel, and meat products (burger, kebab, and shawarma), before cooking. Bacteria were serially diluted, isolated on selective media, and identified based on biochemical characteristics, and 16S rDNA sequencing. Hemolysin production, seen in most bacteria from raw food samples, was determined using blood agar. Genomic DNA was extracted from all bacterial samples, and their 16S rDNA were analyzed through PCR, gene sequencing, and phylogenetic tree construction. Twenty-seven genetic variants representing both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were identified. Most of the bacterial isolates produced α or β hemolysin and are likely important causes of food poisoning. These results highlight the need for strict quality control in the cafeterias and restaurants at the university, improving the public’s awareness of food safety issues, and possible routine medical examination of those who handle food at these locations.
Changing Pattern of wetlands

The climate of Damak was unhealthy until 1965 A.D. The D. D.T. spray program started here only since 1963. Before 1963 Damak was a home of malaria. This area was dreadful due to the wide due to the wide-presence of poisonous creatures like cobras, Karent (Bungarus lividus), and scorpions. There were a lot of oxbow lake, marshes, quicksand, Holies and swamps inside the tick and dense forests of Damak. It used to be a very difficult situation to the local cowboys to rescue the new foot travelers from hill areas who plunged into the marshes. But Damak, these days, has lost its past physical landscape. The people who visited Damak in the 1960's and 1970's can hardly recognize present Damak. The actual identify of Damak still are the marshes and wetland areas. The name " Damak" itself is derived from the word "Daldal" which means "marshes" in English. In Dhimal language, " Damdam" means "Daldal" meaning " marshy". So from " Damdam" the name " Damak" was derived. This land is hard to plough as it is marshy. The paddy is planted only after digging the field with a spade. So the meaning of Damak reflects "shiny bright". As we step on one part at marshy land (Damdam place), the other part produces shiny fountains. With references to legends and proofs, Damak can be said to have been a marshy area before 1960.
Development and Study of a Mucoadhesive Formulation with EGF and Hyaluronic Acid for Gum Application in Periodontitis

Periodontal treatments need for a better results mucoadhesive formulas. Polymeric excipients of mucoadhesive formulas attach to mucus allowing the delivery of actives ingredients. Evaluation of the mucous permeation and cession is essential to determinate topical formula stability, bioavailability and effectiveness.
Inhibitory interneurons show early dysfunction in a SOD1 mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Few studies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) measure effects of the disease on inhibitory interneurons synapsing onto motoneurons (MNs). However, inhibitory interneurons could contribute to dysfunction, particularly if altered before MN neuropathology, and establish a long-term imbalance of inhibition / excitation. We directly assessed excitability and morphology of glycinergic (GlyT2 expressing) ventral lumbar interneurons from SOD1G93AGlyT2eGFP (SOD1) and wildtype GlyT2eGFP (WT) mice on postnatal days 6-10. Patch clamp revealed dampened excitability in SOD1 interneurons, including depolarized persistent inward currents (PICs), increased voltage and current threshold for firing action potentials, along with a marginal decrease in afterhyperpolarization (AHP) duration. Primary neurites of ventral SOD1 inhibitory interneurons were larger in volume and surface area than WT. GlyT2 interneurons were then divided into 3 subgroups based on location: (1) interneurons within 100 μm of the ventral white matter, where Renshaw cells (RCs) are located, (2) interneurons interspersed with MNs in lamina IX, and (3) interneurons in the intermediate ventral area including laminae VII and VIII. Ventral interneurons in the RC area were the most profoundly affected, exhibiting more depolarized PICs and larger primary neurites. Interneurons in lamina IX had depolarized PIC onset. In lamina VII-VIII, interneurons were least affected. In summary, inhibitory interneurons show very early region-specific perturbations poised to impact excitatory / inhibitory balance of MNs, modify motor output, and provide early biomarkers of ALS. Therapeutics like riluzole which universally reduce CNS excitability could exacerbate the inhibitory dysfunction described here. Abstract Figure Abstract Figure: SOD1 glycinergic interneurons in the ventral horn show altered morphology and excitability, including depolarization of PICs, depolarized threshold, shorter AHPs, smaller somata and larger primary neurites. Ventrally located interneurons are the most prominently affected. Key Points Summary Spinal inhibitory interneurons could contribute to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) pathology, but their excitability has never been directly measured. We studied the excitability and morphology of glycinergic interneurons in early postnatal transgenic mice (SOD1G93AGlyT2eGFP). Interneurons were less excitable and had marginally smaller somas but larger primary neurites in SOD1 mice. GlyT2 interneurons were analyzed according to their localization within the ventral spinal cord. Interestingly, the greatest differences were observed in the most ventrally-located interneurons. We conclude that inhibitory interneurons show presymptomatic changes that may contribute to excitatory / inhibitory imbalance in ALS.
Low cost hydrogen/novel membrane technology for hydrogen separation from synthesis gas

The production of hydrogen from synthesis gas made by gasification of coal is expensive. The separation of hydrogen from synthesis gas is a major cost element in the total process. In this report we describe the results of a program aimed at the development of membranes and membrane modules for the separation and purification of hydrogen from synthesis gas. The performance properties of the developed membranes were used in an economic evaluation of membrane gas separation systems in the coal gasification process. Membranes tested were polyetherimide and a polyamide copolymer. The work began with an examination of the chemical separations required to produce hydrogen from synthesis gas, identification of three specific separations where membranes might be applicable. A range of membrane fabrication techniques and module configurations were investigated to optimize the separation properties of the membrane materials. Parametric data obtained were used to develop the economic comparison of processes incorporating membranes with a base-case system without membranes. The computer calculations for the economic analysis were designed and executed. Finally, we briefly investigated alternative methods of performing the three separations in the production of hydrogen from synthesis gas. The three potential opportunities for membranes in the production of hydrogen from synthesis gas are: (1) separation of hydrogen from nitrogen as the final separation in a air-blown or oxygen-enriched air-blown gasification process, (2) separation of hydrogen from carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide to reduce or eliminate the conventional ethanolamine acid gas removal unit, and (3) separation of hydrogen and/or carbon dioxide form carbon monoxide prior to the shift reactor to influence the shift reaction. 28 refs., 54 figs., 40 tabs.
CLEVR: A Customizable Interactive Learning Environment for Users with Low Vision in Virtual Reality

Technological advances enable the development of new low vision aids. One such new technology is virtual reality (VR). Existing VR applications offer a variety of adjustments to the content and the user's environment to support people with low vision. Yet, an interaction concept to conveniently activate and control these aids is missing. Therefore, we designed and implemented an interaction concept based on user and expert feedback and evaluated it in a user study. Our application offers various aids to support residual vision and a radial menu for intuitive use of these aids. The results of the user study show that the VR application allows simple task solving comparable to a desktop computer. Furthermore, the user study gives an insight into the effects of different visual impairments on the usage of VR, since the field of view has a larger impact than visual acuity. Overall, our results indicate that VR is a suitable aid to support the individual needs of users with low vision.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Loneliness Among Older Adults

The COVID-19 pandemic has created a pattern of everyday physical distancing worldwide, particularly for adults aged 65+. Such distancing can evoke subjective feelings of loneliness among older adults, but how this pandemic has influenced that loneliness is not yet known. This study, therefore, explored the association between subjective loneliness and different time phases of the COVID-19 pandemic to explain the pandemic's impact on loneliness among older adults. The analysis employed a sample of 1,990 community-dwelling older adults aged 65–95 (mean age = 72.74 years; 43% female) in Switzerland. Data collection occurred both before and after Switzerland's first confirmed COVID-19 case. Regression models allowed the researchers to determine the binary and multivariate effects of different pandemic time phases on loneliness. The descriptive analysis revealed that loneliness increased after the Swiss government recommended physical distancing and slightly decreased after the Federal Council decided to ease these measures. According to the multivariate analysis, women, lower-income individuals, individuals living alone, individuals with no children, individuals unsatisfied with their contact with neighbors, and individuals interviewed after the physical distancing recommendations were more likely to report greater loneliness. The results suggest the pandemic has affected older adults' subjective evaluations of their subjective loneliness, and these findings help illustrate the pandemic's outcomes.
Characterization of the Bacteriophage vB_VorS-PVo5 Infection on Vibrio ordalii: A Model for Phage-Bacteria Adsorption in Aquatic Environments

A mathematical first-order difference equation was designed to predict the dynamics of the phage-bacterium adsorption process in aquatic environments, under laboratory conditions. Our model requires knowledge of bacteria and bacteriophage concentrations and the measurements of bacterial size and velocity to predict both the number of bacteriophages adsorbed onto their bacterial host and the number of infected bacteria in a given specific time. It does not require data from previously performed adhesion experiments. The predictions generated by our model were validated in laboratory. Our model was initially conceived as an estimator for the effectiveness of the inoculation of phages as antibacterial therapy for aquaculture, is also suitable for a wide range of potential applications.
Host preference and performance of cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Homoptera: Aphididae) on four different brassica species

Host preference and performance of cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae were studied on seven brassica varieties under Greenhouse. Nymphs, apterous and alate aphids were significantly different on day three and day 15 among tested varieties. Higher total number of aphids per plant was recorded on Brassica carinata and lower on Brassica oleracea. Alates of B. brassicae preferred more to feed and reproduce on B. carinata varieties than the other tested varieties. Developmental and reproduction periods, fecundity and longevity of B. brassicae were significantly different among tested varieties. Shortest and longest developmental period were recorded on Holeta-1 (6.4 days) and Kale (8.9 days), respectively. The aphid had the highest fecundity on B. niger (79.5 nymphs/adult) and the lowest on cabbage (62.4 nymphs/adult). The reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase, generation time, doubling time of B. brassicae were significantly different among tested varieties. The intrinsic rate of increase of B. brassicae was 0.337, 0.310, 0.286, 0.276, 0.262, 0.250 and 0.239 days-1 on Holeta-1, Yellow Dodola, Axana, Blinda, B. niger, Cabbage, and kale respectively. Varieties of B. carinata were more suitable for cabbage aphid feeding and reproduction than the other tested varieties. Key words: B. brassicae, reproduction, development, intrinsic rate of increase, fecundity, Ethiopian mustard.
938-P: A Human Gut Commensal, Parabacteroides Distasonis, Enhances Type 1 Diabetes Autoimmunity via Molecular Mimicry

Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Focusing on the main insulin epitope, insulin B-chain 9-23 (insB:9-23), we explored whether a microbial insB:9-23 mimic could modulate T1D. We now demonstrate that a microbial insB:9-23 mimic of Parabacteroides distasonis, a human gut commensal, exclusively stimulates non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse T cells specific to insB:9-23. Indeed, immunization of NOD mice with either the bacterial mimic peptide or insB:9-23 further verified the cross-reactivity in vivo. Modeling P. distasonis peptide revealed a potential pathogenic register 3 binding. P. distasonis colonization of the female NOD mice gut accelerated T1D onset. In addition, adoptive transfer of splenocytes from NOD mice colonized with P. distasonis to NOD.SCID recipients conferred the enhanced disease phenotype. Integration analysis of published infant T1D gut microbiome data revealed that P. distasonis peptide is not present in the gut microbiota in the first year of life of infants that eventually develop T1D. Furthermore, P. distasonis peptide can stimulate human T cell clones specific to insB:9-23 and T1D patients demonstrated a strong humoral immune response to P. distasonis than controls. Taken together, our studies define a potential molecular mimicry link between T1D pathogenesis and the gut microbiota.The human gut commensal bacterium, Parabacteroides distasonis, accelerates type 1 diabetes in the NOD mouse model of the disease and involves expression of an insulin B:9-23 epitope mimic, supporting a potential disease mechanism involving molecular mimicry.