Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Pre-service Knowledge and Use of EmergencyContraception by Female Nursing and Midwifery Students inNorthern Nigeria

Background: Emergency contraception (EC) offers the last opportunity of preventing an unintended pregnancy. Aim: This study determined factors associated with knowledge and use of EC by female nursing and midwifery students in northwest Nigeria. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 317 female nursing and midwifery students randomly selected in two tertiary health institutions in Northern Nigeria was conducted using a structured self-administered questionnaire. The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS v. 21.20. Results: Of the 317 students, 62.8% (199/317) were unmarried, 92.4% (293/317) were Muslims, and 74.4% (236/317) were of Hausa ethnicity. The mean age (standard deviation) was 22.9 (3.1) years. Knowledge of EC was nearly universal (n=299/317; 94.3%). Of the respondents 25.8% (77/317), 13.4% (40/317) and 9.4% (28/317) of the respondents’ incorrectly identified menstrogen, quinine, and ampicillin, respectively as forms of EC. In addition, 24.1% (72/317) were not aware of the correct timing for the use of hormonal EC following unprotected sexual intercourse. Marital status and parity were significantly associated with knowledge of EC (P ≤ 0.05). Of those who have had unprotected and unwanted sexual intercourse (n=62, 19.6%), less than a quarter 15 (24.2%) used any device or drug to avoid getting pregnant and this was not affected by sociodemographic variables (P>0.05). Conclusion: Majority of the student nurses and midwives surveyed had adequate general knowledge of EC, but many lacked in-depth knowledge with some having misconceptions about the forms. Majority did not use it when it was indicated despite being aware of it. Periodic curricula review may address knowledge gaps among these potential change agents and role models. Keywords: Emergency contraception; Knowledge; Midwifery student; Northern Nigeria; Nursing student; Practice
Cenozoic deformation of the Tarim plate and the implications for mountain building in the Tibetan Plateau and the Tian Shan

The Tarim basin in NW China developed as a complex foreland basin in the Cenozoic in association with mountain building in the Tibetan Plateau to the south and the Tian Shan orogen to the north. We reconstructed the Cenozoic deformation history of the Tarim basement by backstripping the sedimentary rocks. Two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional finite element models are then used to simulate the flexural deformation of the Tarim basement in response to the sedimentary loads and additional tectonic loads associated with overthrusting of the surrounding mountain belts. The results suggest that uplift of both the western Kunlun Shan and the Tian Shan orogens started during or before Oligocene. Since the Miocene, mountain building accelerated in the western Kunlun Shan but showed segmented development in the Tian Shan. The results also indicate reduced tectonic load along the Altyn Tagh fault since late Miocene, consistent with geological and geophysical evidence of the fault cutting the entire lithosphere and migrating southward during its cause of the Cenozoic evolution.
Using Fuzzy DEMATEL method for analyzing the Technology Acceptance Model 2: A case study

Nowadays, the acceptance of new technologies is considered as one of the most important engagements of organizational managers, because by the ever increasing competition among organizations. This issue plays very important role in achievement of permanent competitive advantage. This paper investigates the effective factors in acceptance of new technologies and also implies the relation among these factors. Therefore, for investigation of effective factors in acceptance of new technologies, the Technology Acceptance Model2 (TAM2) is applied, and the relation among comprising components of this model about the acceptance of new technology of Electro-Slag Remelting (ESR) in Isfaryen Steel Company is investigated by the use of Fuzzy DEMATEL method. The results illustrate that Perceived ease of use is strongest determinant in Technology Acceptance Model 2.
Les gestes de thérapie manuelle en rééducation de la voix

Les orthophonistes pratiquent la reeducation de voix avec diverses sources de formation. Les dysfonctions du geste vocal ont de multiples causes et necessitent parfois l'utilisation de techniques manuelles. Une etude montre que ces techniques manuelles ont un effet positif deja au bout de 10 seances.
Scalable, Variable-Length Similarity Search in Data Series: The ULISSE Approach

Data series similarity search is an important operation and at the core of several analysis tasks and applications related to data series collections. Despite the fact that data series indexes enable fast similarity search, all existing indexes can only answer queries of a single length (fixed at index construction time), which is a severe limitation. In this work, we propose ULISSE, the first data series index structure designed for answering similarity search queries of variable length. Our contribution is two-fold. First, we introduce a novel representation technique, which effectively and succinctly summarizes multiple sequences of different length (irrespective of Z-normalization). Based on the proposed index, we describe efficient algorithms for approximate and exact similarity search, combining disk based index visits and in-memory sequential scans. We experimentally evaluate our approach using several synthetic and real datasets. The results show that ULISSE is several times (and up to orders of magnitude) more efficient in terms of both space and time cost, when compared to competing approaches. PVLDB Reference Format: Michele Linardi, Themis Palpanas. Scalable, Variable-Length Similarity Search in Data Series: The ULISSE Approach. PVLDB, 11 (13): 22362248, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14778/3275366.3275372
Risk-Based Audits in a Behavioural Model

The tools of predictive analytics are widely used in the analysis of large data sets to predict future patterns in the system. In particular, predictive analytics is used to estimate risk of engaging in certain behaviour. Risk-based audits are used by revenue services to target potentially non-compliant taxpayers, but the results of predictive analytics serve predominantly only as a guide rather than a rule. “Auditor judgement” retains an important role in selecting audit targets. The paper assesses the effectiveness of using predictive analytics in a model of the compliance decision that incorporates several components from behavioural economics: subjective beliefs about audit probabilities, a social custom reward from honest tax payment, and a degree of risk aversion that increases with age. Simulation analysis shows that predictive analytics is successful in raising compliance and that the resulting pattern of audits is very close to being a cut-off rule. Acknowledgements: We are grateful to James Alm, James Gordon, two anonymous referees, and participants at the Murphy Center Workshop “Advancing the Frontiers of Behavioural Public Economics” for helpful comments.
Fine-scale spatial distribution of biomass using satellite images

Spatial information on the distribution of biomass is an important issue for monitoring and managing the environment. It is a prerequisite for successful forest fire management and for predicting fire intensity and fire behaviour, but estimates of biomass are time consuming and expensive and need to be done depending on size classes. We propose a method that takes into account the contemporary use of an allometric approach and remote sensed data from Very High Resolution (VHR) satellite images to obtain distribution maps of biomass subdivided into different components while keeping plant-destructive collection of data to a minimum. To test the feasibility of distributing biomass into classes, we subdivided biomass into two size classes according to the size of leaves (thickness) and branches (diameter). This is an approach that can be adapted to both fuel classes or to estimation of the ligneaous component. We haphazardly selected eight areas, within the Site of Community Importance “Monteferrato e Monte Iavello” (Italy), where easy-to-measure characteristics (height, diameter, cover) of vascular plants were collected. Regression equations between easy-to-measure vegetation characteristics and biomass values were derived to estimate the biomass of each area in the two size classes. Then, we evaluated the relationships between the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the estimated biomass values for each area using regression equations and size class. The equations that resulted from the regression analysis were used to create maps of biomass using NDVI map. Such a procedure allows the identification of features otherwise lost when the vegetation is represented only by vegetation class labels. This includes the orientation of vegetation lines which may favor the spread of fire in a given direction; information that may be useful for hazard management and prevention. Key words: Allometric equation, Pinus pinaster, Erica scoparia, biomass size class, Very High Resolution (VHR) satellite imagery.
The Expert Examination of Signatures

Jacques Mathyer, D.Sc., is First Assistant and "Privat Docent" of the Institute of Police Science and Criminology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland. Dr. Mathyer received his diploma in police science and criminology from the University of Lausanne and Doctor of Sciences from the University of Lyon (France). He is one of Europe's leading experts in the field of questioned documents, and we are privileged to have the opportunity to present this discussion of the basic problems of signature examination based upon procedures used in Western Europe. Dr. Mathyer's paper is a translation of a similar paper which appeared in the April-June 1960 issue of the Revue Internationale de Criminologie et de Police Technique. -EDITOR.
Qualitative patterns and processes in marine ecology: a conceptual programme

Since ecosystem organization is a qualitative phenomenon, ecological pattern and process, its static and dynamic manifestations, are best captured as qualitative models. However, ecological methodology is overwhelmingly quantitative in orientation a reflection not only of the transfer to ecology of the physical sciences paradigm, but also of the paucity of qualitative techniques. We argue that avenues now exist for the rapid exploitation of the qualitative approach. This holds the potential both of modelling ecological systems in terms of intrinsically relevant variables and of creating an independent ecological paradigm.
Adding Trust to CAP : Blockchain as a Strong Eventual Consistency Recovery Strategy

The CAP theorem [3] asserts that in any distributed data store only two out of three guarantees can be provided regarding consistency, availability, and partition tolerance. In commercial systems on the internet, partition tolerance can never be fully guaranteed in practice, limiting the choice to either consistency or availability. Furthermore, as availability has the most significant impact on revenue, ultimately the system design of distributed data stores for businesses reduces to a choice between different eventual consistency recovery strategies. Seen in this light, although blockchain is a strong eventual consistency recovery scheme with reconciliation through a consensus protocol, it is an inefficient and expensive method for achieving such consistency. However, when a fourth overlooked guarantee is added to the CAP mix — namely the question of trust — blockchain comes into its own. In this paper I argue that the significance of blockchain when considering distributed data lies in its provision of a new approach to an extended version of the CAP theorem: CAPT, which asks, “to what level can you guarantee consistency, availability, partition tolerance and trust? ”
On the Security of Social Networks Literature review on ReBAC policies and Sybil defenses

Social networking is part of the lives of millions of people. Strong privacy concerns make it urgent to regulate how personal resources (e.g. messages, photos. . . ) are made available to other people. One of the answers to this requirement are Relationship-Based Access Control (ReBAC) policies, which establish whether a requester is allowed to access the resources owned by another user, depending on the closeness and trust between them. This novel security model departs from the classical Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), and its implications are still being investigated: ReBAC harnesses the shape of the social graph, which may be modeled and used in various ways; furthermore, such shape is defined by the social network users themselves, who can modify their relationships and/or create new pseudonymous profiles. Such modifications may just be aimed at deceiving ReBAC, thus increasing one’s access privileges on other people’s resources: this is the so-called Sybil attack. Is it possible to identify these malicious activities, or ensure that access policies are immune to such threats? This paper reviews the main approaches to ReBAC, with a particular focus on Sybil defenses.
Influences on the beneficial effect of neurostimulation

Neurostimulation, such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) shows promise in improving and maintaining cognition in both neurotypical and patient populations. This technique administers small amounts of electric current through the cortex to modulate the excitability of underlying neurons (Nitsche & Paulus, 2000, 2001). tDCS has some advantages over other neuroimaging and neurostimulation techniques because it is safe, well tolerated, and more affordable. However, recent findings suggest that tDCS may not work equally well across all individuals. First, we administered anodal tDCS to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in healthy older adults prior to performing a WM task. Interestingly, we found that only the more educated half of our participants showed a WM benefit following tDCS (Berryhill & Jones, 2012). Second, in young adults, we found that right posterior parietal cortex (PPC) tDCS prior to a visual WM recognition task benefited participants with a high WMC (WMC) only (Jones & Berryhill, 2012). The question emerged as to why group differences would predict WM benefits following tDCS. We hypothesize that these findings demonstrated differences in strategy and motivation level in WM tasks across our participants. Previous research implicates differential WM strategy use between participants with a high and low WMC. Those with lower WM capacities are more distractible (Unsworth, 2007), and have fewer attentional resources. Furthermore, high WMC participants are more likely to adopt efficient strategies (Schelble, Therriault, & Miller, 2012). However, when provided effective
Tweet Segmentation and Enhancement of Tweets

Twitter is a biggest connecting site that includes various types of users. Many users share their data and it is updated sites so data should be maintained properly and accessing in proper way. Hence mining algorithm helps to managing data. Many application such as Information Retrieval and Natural Language Processing contains some errors and short nature of tweets, hence to recover of such type of tweets tweet classification is used. Data mining algorithm used in the classification of tweets hence it is easily access and
High school pupils’ attitudes and self-efficacy of using mobile devices

This paper regards a study aiming to investigate junior high school pupils’ attitudes and self-efficacy of using mobile devices. A 25-item questionnaire was administered to 260 pupils aged 12-15 years old, in Greece. Pupils’ attitudes were positive, and four factors were extracted, “perceived usefulness”, “affection”, “perceived control” and “behaviour”. Regarding pupils’ self-efficacy, one factor was revealed and this was significantly correlated with all attitude factors. Most of the pupils (over 87%) expressed high self-efficacy in using mobile devices. Higher self-efficacy was linked to positive perspectives and feelings, to greater willingness to use mobile devices, and to favorable perceptions towards their independent control. It is suggested to describe pupils’ attitudes of using mobile devices with respect to discrete dimensions. Gender or age differences in attitudes were very small. The mobile devices attitudes and self-efficacy questionnaire is suggested to be used with other adolescent populations of different countries, in order to reveal possible similarities and differences.
Emission of methane from rice fields: A review

Methane (CH 4 ) with its current concentration of 1.72 ppmV in the atmosphere accounts for 15 per cent of the enhanced greenhouse effect. The atmospheric concentration of CH 4 is increasing at 0.3 per cent/y. Lowland rice soil is considered to be one of the major contributors of atmospheric methane. Various soil, climate, and management factors control methanogenesis, the geochemical process that occurs in all anaerobic environments in which organic matter undergoes decomposition, resulting in the formation of CH 4 . Methane formed in soil escapes to the atmosphere through vascular transport, ebullition or diffusion. Emission of CH 4 from rice fields can be reduced by: (i) Midseason drainage instead of continuous flooding, (ii) Use of cultivars with low emission potential, (iii) Use of low C:N organic manure, and (iv) Direct establishment of rice crop like dry direct seeded rice.
Quantum‐resistant authentication algorithms for satellite‐based augmentation systems

Cryptography in the form of digital signatures can be part of the solution to the threat of spoofing and is going to be implemented on Galileo and other Global Navigation Satellite Systems. Digital signatures incorporated into the data stream authenticate the integrity of the data as well as the origin of the message. Implementing a digital signature on a satellite-based augmentation system for use in aviation will require the signature to be short and the signing procedure to be cryptographically relevant for the next 30 or more years. With the advent of quantum computing, many state-of-the-art authentication schemes are no longer viable, so an authentication scheme implemented in satellite-based augmentation system will need to be quantum secure. This paper introduces the cryptographic primitives (foundational problems) necessary to understand the vulnerabilities in modern-day cryptography due to quantum computing and investigates the use of TESLA (Timed Efficient Stream Loss-tolerant Algorithm) and EC-Schnorr (Elliptic Curve-Schnorr) algorithms in broadcast systems.
Voice Gender Effect on Tone Categorization and Pitch Perception

Current research on Cantonese tone perception showed that listeners were able to adjust their categorization boundaries between level tones in F0 space depending on the voice gender [1]. The present study followed up on the voice gender normalization effect by replicating the tone identification experiment with an improved design, and further investigating whether the voice gender would affect the low-level pitch sensation in a parallel manner at a prelexical stage. Results from tone identification and pitch perception by Cantonese listeners showed that stimuli presented in male voices would not only give rise to identification of a higher tone, but also perception of a higher pitch, compared to stimuli of the same F0 in female voices. Moreover, the magnitude of this effect on tone identification was significantly correlated with that on pitch perception for individual Cantonese listeners. However, pitch comparison behaviors of English listeners did not show obviously different patterns under different voice gender conditions. Implications were discussed with regards to the integration of indexical cues in phonological categorization and prelexical processing, and its interaction with individual language experience.
The single nucleotide polymorphisms in TNF-α promoter are associated with susceptibility and clinical features of pulmonary tuberculosis in Chinese Uygurs

Objective: Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease, particularly in Chinese Uygurs. The tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) that is involved in the interactions between the pathogens and host immune systems is highly related to TB susceptibility and diversity in different ethnic groups. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship of TNF-α polymorphisms with pulmonary TB susceptibility in Chinese Uygurs. Methods: This casecontrol study included 306 patients and 280 healthy controls. The characteristics of these participants were recorded and analyzed. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TNF-α were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Logistic regression was used to assess the association of the polymorphisms with TB susceptibility. Results: Individuals with BMI<18.5 kg/m2 or smoking were susceptible to TB. The frequencies of SNP rs1800630 in the pulmonary TB patients were significantly different from those in healthy controls. In addition, the TNF-α SNP rs1799964 (OR=4.037, 95% CI 2.403-6.784) was associated with drug-resistance of TB. However, the polymorphisms of TNF-α were not related to conversion of sputum culture. Conclusion: SNPs in TNF-α promoter are associated with susceptibility and drug-resistance of pulmonary TB in Chinese Uygurs. These TNF-α polymorphisms may be considered as risk factors for active pulmonary TB.
Simülasyon Tabanlı Eğitim Senaryolarının Zorluk

Today, there are serious problems with the surgical training programs. Simulation environments provide training technologies in alternative trial-and-error types of experiments for these programs. Previous studies have reported that computer-based simulation environments are potential technologies to improve existing training outcomes and expected to lower the cost and duration of such training programs. However, efforts are required to create an appropriate curriculum for better integration into traditional curricula. There is also extremely limited studies to guide curriculum designers for better integration of simulation technologies. For this purpose, it is very important to understand the difficulty levels of a certain content. Accordingly, in this study, a model is proposed to calculate the difficulty ratings of computerbased surgical simulation training scenarios. We believe that scenario difficulty scale measurement will be very helpful to provide an objective measure for the difficulty levels of scenarios which is an important information to better order them in the curriculum of the training programs.
FORMULATION AND PROCESS OPTIMIZATION OF GLIMEPIRIDE TABLETS

Glimepiride is an effective antidiabetic drug, but its low aqueous solubility and slow dissolution rate might lead to low oral bioavailability. In this study, the possibilities for optimization of production process for glimepiride tablets are explored. Direct compression and tableting after granulation in a fluidized bed are examined as suitable and simplified methods for preparation of glimepiride tablets. Amaryl (glimepiride) 2 mg was used as a reference drug. The release profiles of tablets, produced by tableting after wet granulation in a fluidized bed can be considered to be similar with the reference drug, while the method of direct compression and tableting after granulation of excipients and subsequent powdering with the drug substance showed unsatisfactory results.