Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mathematical Modelling of the Transmission Dynamics of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia with Vaccination and Antibiotic Treatment

In this paper we present a mathematical model for the transmission dynamics of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) by considering antibiotic treatment and vaccination. The model is comprised of susceptible, vaccinated, exposed, infectious, persistently infected, and recovered compartments. We analyse the model by deriving a formula for the control reproduction number Rc and prove that, for Rc<1, the disease free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable; thus CBPP dies out, whereas for Rc>1, the unique endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable and hence the disease persists. Thus, Rc=1 acts as a sharp threshold between the disease dying out or causing an epidemic. As a result, the threshold of antibiotic treatment is αt⁎=0.1049. Thus, without using vaccination, more than 85.45% of the infectious cattle should receive antibiotic treatment or the period of infection should be reduced to less than 8.15 days to control the disease. Similarly, the threshold of vaccination is ρ⁎=0.0084. Therefore, we have to vaccinate at least 80% of susceptible cattle in less than 49.5 days, to control the disease. Using both vaccination and antibiotic treatment, the threshold value of vaccination depends on the rate of antibiotic treatment, αt, and is denoted by ραt. Hence, if 50% of infectious cattle receive antibiotic treatment, then at least 50% of susceptible cattle should get vaccination in less than 73.8 days in order to control the disease.
The perceived suitability of management accounting information: a contingency based investigation

The current paper aims at testing the existence and the strength of the relationship between selected variables and the managers’ assessment of the information provided by the management accounting system (MAS), based on a contingency approach. In order to achieve the objective of the paper, we employed the correlation analysis with the purpose of investigating the strength of the relationship between the assessments made by managers with respect to the suitability of the management accounting information and certain variables (the company profile, the manager profile and the operations of the management accounting department). In this context, we used the data collected from randomly selected managers active in companies located in two Central and Eastern European countries, i.e. Poland and Romania. We found moderate relationships to the assessed suitability of the MAS information only for two of the three variables: the manager profile – mainly with respect to the managed department, and the operations of the management accounting department – mainly with respect to the frequency of the meetings between the manager and the management accountant.
Large-scale stylometry using network analysis

Stylometric methodology, developed to solve authorship problems, can easily be extended and generalized to assess different questions in the field of text analysis. Namely, the underlaying idea of tracing similarities between (anonymous) texts can be extended to map textual relations in large-scale approaches to literature. Explanatory multidimensional methods, relying on distance measures and supported with visualization techniques, are particularly attractive for this purpose. However, they are very sensitive to the number of features (usually: frequent words) analyzed. Even worse, they are either unable to fit dozens of texts on a single scatterplot (e.g. Multidimensional Scaling), or highly dependent on the choice of a linkage algorithm (e.g. Cluster Analysis). The technique introduced in this study combines the concept of network as a way to map large-scale literary similarities (Jockers 2013), the concept of consensus (Lancichinetti and Fortunato 2012), and the assumption that textual relations usually go beyond mere nearest neighborship. Particular texts can be represented as nodes of a network, and their explicit relations as links between these nodes. The procedure of linking is twofold. One of Figure 1: Two algorithms of mapping textual relations
The Effect of Quality Assessment and Directional Goal Commitment on Auditors' Acceptance of Client‐Preferred Accounting Methods

Previous research demonstrates that auditors' directional goals influence their reporting decisions. For example, when auditors have goals of accepting client‐preferred accounting methods, they tend to exploit ambiguity in reporting standards to justify those methods, even when they are aggressive (Hackenbrack and Nelson 1996). We report an experimental investigation of the likely effectiveness of regulation designed to curb this tendency. Specifically, regulators suggest that having auditors identify benchmarks or assess the quality of various methods will “raise the bar” for method acceptability, thereby reducing auditor acceptance of aggressive reporting methods. However, this reasoning ignores the fact that ambiguity typically surrounds quality assessment. Following motivated reasoning theory, we argue that, in order to meet the increased standard for acceptability, auditors with high commitment to directional goals will exploit the ambiguity surrounding the quality of various methods when making qual.
SHMIP The subglacial hydrology model intercomparison Project

ABSTRACT Subglacial hydrology plays a key role in many glaciological processes, including ice dynamics via the modulation of basal sliding. Owing to the lack of an overarching theory, however, a variety of model approximations exist to represent the subglacial drainage system. The Subglacial Hydrology Model Intercomparison Project (SHMIP) provides a set of synthetic experiments to compare existing and future models. We present the results from 13 participating models with a focus on effective pressure and discharge. For many applications (e.g. steady states and annual variations, low input scenarios) a simple model, such as an inefficient-system-only model, a flowline or lumped model, or a porous-layer model provides results comparable to those of more complex models. However, when studying short term (e.g. diurnal) variations of the water pressure, the use of a two-dimensional model incorporating physical representations of both efficient and inefficient drainage systems yields results that are significantly different from those of simpler models and should be preferentially applied. The results also emphasise the role of water storage in the response of water pressure to transient recharge. Finally, we find that the localisation of moulins has a limited impact except in regions of sparse moulin density.
Detection of anomalous features in an earthen dam using inversion of P-wave first-arrival times and surface-wave dispersion curves

To locate anomalous features including seepage pathways through the Daeryong earth-fill dam, P and Rayleigh waves were recorded along a 250-m profile on the crest of the dam. Seismic energy was generated using a 5-kg sledgehammer and detected by 24 4.5-Hz vertical-axis geophones installed at 3-m intervals. P-wave and apparent S-wave velocities of the reservoir dam and underlying bedrock were then inverted from first-arrival traveltimes and dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves, respectively. Apparent dynamic Poisson’s ratios as high as 0.46 were obtained at the base of the dam near its north-east end, where an outlet conduit occurs, and in the clay core body near the south-west end of the profile where the dam was repeatedly grouted to abate seepage before our survey. These anomalies of higher Poisson’s ratios in the upper part of clay core were also associated with effusion of grout on the downstream slope of the dam during post-survey grouting to abate leakage. Combining P-wave traveltime tomography and inversion of Rayleigh wave velocities was very effective in detecting potential pathways for seepage and previous grouted zones in this earthen dam.
The Effect of Fiscal Incentive on Earning Management among Listed Companies in Indonesia

This study aims to analyze how a fiscal incentive provided by the government to initiate investment will affect a company’s earning management. The fiscal incentive used in this study is the corporate tax rate reduction for listed companies based on Government Regulation (GR) No. 81/2007 and GR No. 77/2013. The unbalanced panel data collected consists of 346 listed companies in the period of 2008-2014 excluding companies from the financial and mining sectors. Multivariate regression results show that there is no evidence that the tax rate reduction has any impact on the company’s earning management.
First report of Erwinia psidii associated with papaya dieback disease in Malaysia.

Aims: The outbreak of papaya dieback disease in Malaysia has been reported since 2003. Several reports previously confirmed Erwinia papayae and E. mallotivora to be the causal pathogen of the disease. The present study aimed to identify the causal pathogen of papaya dieback disease in Sabah. Methodology and results: Infected tissues of papaya dieback disease were collected from Kota Belud, Sabah and the bacterium responsible for the infection was isolated on Luria Bertani (LB) agar and nutrient agar (NA). Seven isolates with similar characteristics to Erwinia were isolated, subjected to the Koch’s Postulates test and then identified using 16S rRNA sequencing technique. The bacterium was identified to be E. psidii, a common pathogen to guava but not to papaya. Conclusion, Significance and Impact of study: This report serves as the first confirmation of the E. psidii in causing papaya dieback disease, suggesting the possibility of this bacterium undergoing host shifting to papaya plants and the possibility of becoming another major threat to the papaya industry in the future.
Prime ministers identity in semi-presidential regimes: Constitutional norms and cabinet formation outcomes

This article examines how presidential involvement in the cabinet formation process affects cabinet formation outcomes in the semi-presidential regimes of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. It analyzes whether the formal distribution of appoint- ment-dismissal powers allows for the development of useful indicators for predicting a prime minister's location on the continuum between the ideal points of the president and the leg- islature. First, to derive theoretical expectations about a prime minister's identity in the dif- ferent types of semi-presidential regimes, the article discusses constitutional variation in the formal distribution of cabinet appointment-dismissal powers across semi-presidential con- stitutions. Second, the empirical outcomes of cabinet formation are then compared with the theoretical predictions. Empirical tests, while providing substantial support for the hypoth- esized effect of variation in cabinet appointment-dismissal powers, indicate the importance of other variables. Qualitative and quantitative differences in the character of the party system and the nature of the electoral cycle also have a systematic effect on cabinet for- mation outcomes.
Early pregnancy Cyclosporin A promotes crosstalk between human cytotrophoblast and decidual stromal cell through up-regulating CXCL 12 / CXCR 4 interaction

M.R. Du1,†, W.H. Zhou1,2,†, H.L. Piao1, M.Q. Li1, C.L. Tang1, and D.J. Li1,3,* Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200011, China Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Haikou 571101, China
Globalization's Impact on Compliance with Labor Standards

In an effort to shed some light on the larger question of labor standardsvand globalization, we seek to examine compliance with minimum wage legislation in Indonesia. Indonesia is an ideal case study because the govern ment made minimum wages a central component of its labor market policies in the 1990s. During this time, minimum wages quadrupled in nominal terms and doubled in real terms. In this paper we estimate the relationship between international competition and compliance with the statutory minimum wage in Indonesia. We identify firms facing international competition with two plant-level indica tors. First, we use the plant's export orientation as one measure of international competition. Second, we use the plant's foreign ownership as another measure of international competition. Critics claim that foreign firms are exploiting foreign workers, although our research on developing countries has shown that foreign enterprises are more likely to pay higher wages. This framework provides a direct test of the relationship between meas ures of globalization and labor standards, as defined by compliance with the regional minimum wage.
Investigating How Simple Software Optimizations Effect Relative Throughput Scaling on Multicores

Optimizing applications for off-chip bandwidth usage has become increasingly critical as computing resources in multicore processors have increased much faster than shared resources, off-chip bandwidth and shared cache capacity. While improved use of shared resources can benefit single core performance, it is crucial for system with several active cores, where the way each core uses shared resources can directly impact the performance of sibling cores. Although optimizing for memory bandwidth has been a priority for decades, the tools to effectively profile application memory accesses are relatively new. With such tools we can uncover memory accesses that use shared cache capacity and memory bandwidth inefficiently, and trace them back to the original source code. This paper presents case studies of using memory access profiles to uncover and explain critical memory access issues for three selected workloads. These memory bottlenecks are resolved using commonly applicable software optimization techniques. We then investigate the throughput wall − the relationship between the drop in offchip traffic, post-optimization, and the resulting throughput gain achieved. Our experiments for multi-execution[5] show that, after optimization, the drop in off-chip traffic is reflected in the maximum throughput that can be achieved by the optimized workloads relative to the original.
Structure from Motion for Systematic Single Surface Documentation of Archaeological Excavations

Requiring archaeological standard equipment (measurement unit and camera) only, Structure from Motion approaches offer an affordable, easy to use and accurate documentation method for stratigraphic excavations. Photo-realistic three-dimensional models generated with this method can be looked upon as virtual replicas of stratification units and thereby allow a comprehensible documentation of archaeological remains, making the models an excellent basis for interpretation purposes. However, on most excavations, Structure from Motion is still not applied in a frequent and systematic way. During excavations within the exceptionally well preserved Copper Age settlement Meidling im Thale/Kleiner Anzingerberg/ in Lower Austria, Structure from Motion and Multi View Stereo has been used intensively for single surface documentation. The commercial software Agisoft PhotoScan was deployed for a fully automated calculation of intrinsic and extrinsic camera calibration parameters, for the creation of three dimensional point clouds and for the generation of photorealistic surface models. The models generated were transferred to a GIS environment providing the means for visualisation and data management. By arranging and displaying the models according to their stratigraphic position, a four dimensional virtual reality was created, through which the user can move interactively. Thus, as a method of digital preservation, Structure from Motion creates an objective and traceable documentation of archaeological remains. For accurate results, special attention has to be paid to the process of data acquisition: high image quality and good light conditions are as mandatory as a high stereo coverage of the images. To optimize the latter, ground based aerial photography was introduced at the site of Kleiner Anzingerberg. A photo crane and a telescopic pole served as camera platforms for the generation of overview and serial vertical shots. Images taken that way improve accuracy and point density as well as the computing time required to build the models.
EVALUATION OF THE SOCIAL ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF THE MUNICIPALITIES OF THE SÃO PAULO STATE GROUPS 1, 2 AND 3 WITH THE USE OF MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

This article is part of an extensive study that deals with the statistical analysis of several groups of municipalities. The objective of this study is to ascertain whether the mean per capita values of transfers from the Municipalities Participation Fund (Fundo de Participacao dos Municipios, FPM), the state Tax on the Circulation of Goods and Services (ICMS) quota, and tax revenue are statistically different among the municipalities of the state of Sao Paulo, classified by the State Social Responsibility Index into municipalities with high economic and social indicators (group 1), municipalities with high wealth and medium/low social indicators (group 2), and municipalities with low wealth and high/moderate social indicators (group 3), based on multivariate analysis of variance. We found that the Tax Revenue variable had the highest mean difference among the three groups. We may state that, for the three groups analyzed, the ICMS quota has provided benefits to group 1 in terms of resources available for social investments. The distribution of FPM resources, in turn, is contributing effectively to creating equitable conditions for municipalities in the state.
Attributes of Student Mathematical Thinking That Is Worth Building on in Whole-Class Discussion.

This study investigated the attributes of 297 instances of student mathematical thinking during whole-class interactions that were identified as having the potential to foster learners’ understanding of important mathematical ideas (MOSTs). Attributes included the form of the thinking (e.g., question vs. declarative statement), whether the thinking was based on earlier work or generated in-the-moment, the accuracy of the thinking, and the type of the thinking (e.g., sense making). Findings both illuminate the complexity of identifying student thinking worth building on during whole-class discussion and provide insight into important attributes of MOSTs that teachers can use to better recognize them. For example, 96% of MOSTs were of three types, making these three particularly salient types of student mathematical thinking for teachers to develop skills in recognizing.
Stratied Finite Empirical Bernstein Sampling

We derive a concentration inequality for the uncertainty in the mean computed by stratified random sampling, and provide an online sampling method based on this inequality. Our concentration inequality is versatile and considers a range of factors including: the data ranges, weights, sizes of the strata, the number of samples taken, the estimated sample variances, and whether strata are sampled with or without replacement. Sequentially choosing samples to minimize this inequality leads to a online method for choosing samples from a stratified population. We evaluate and compare the effectiveness of our method against others for synthetic data sets, and also in approximating the Shapley value of cooperative games. Results show that our method is competitive with the performance of Neyman sampling with perfect variance information, even without having prior information on strata variances.We also provide a multidimensional extension of our inequality and discuss future applications.
Experimental Investigation of Steady and UnsteadyFlow Field Downstream of an Automotive TorqueConverter Turbine and Stator

The objective of this investigation is to understand the steady and the unsteady flow field at the exit of an automotive torque converter turbine and stator with a view towards improving it's performance. A high frequency response five-hole probe was designed and built to measure the three-dimensional steady and unsteady flow fields. The measurements were conducted in a stationary frame of reference and the data were processed to derive the flow properties in the relative (turbine) frame of reference. The experimental data were processed in the frequency domain by spectrum analysis and in temporal-spatial domain by ensemble averaging technique. The data show that the flow field is highly unsteady with high unresolved unsteadiness (approx. 17-21% of mean value) and significant blade-to-blade periodic component approx. 6% of mean value). The unresolved unsteadiness and periodic unsteadiness increase with an increase in the radius from the shell to the core whereas the aperiodic unsteadiness does not show any systematic variation with the radius. The experimental data reveal the presence of a low momentum region near the core due to possible flow separation and reattachment inside the turbine passage. Data also show the presence of strong secondary flow near the core and weak secondary flow near the shell at the exit of the turbine. These secondary flows generate high levels of turbulence. A comparison of the flow properties upstream and downstream of the stator in the stationary frame of reference indicate the presence of high losses near the core due to high turbulence levels and large secondary flows, and high losses near the shell due to possible corner separation near the shell suction surface inside the stator blade passage. The unsteadiness in the flow properties upstream of the stator is high. The rms value of the unsteady total velocity is approx. 20% of the steady state value. Periodic and aperiodic unsteadiness were also found significant.
Designing artificial ears for animat echolocation

This work presents a plausible sound propagation model that can be applied to bat pinna design for echolocating animats. Previous work on artificial pinnae addressed the problem of phase cancellation in multi-reflector systems. An acoustic model inspired in a physical model of sound diffraction and reflections in the human concha, which can be scaled up to more complex surfaces, is presented. Experiments are performed in simulation as well as in the real world. RoBat, a biomimetic sonarhead mounted on a mobile robot, is used for the real world experiments. The results obtained support the plausibility of our acoustic model. A performance analysis of the reflector system with respect to the previous work is also given. Promising further work directions are also proposed.
Discussion Paper Series IO FOR EXPORT ( S )

We provide an overview and synthesis of recent work on models of monopolistic competition with heterogeneous firms in international trade, paying particular attention to pass-through, selection effects, competition effects, and matching endogenous with exogenous distributions. A recurring theme is that CES preferences are extremely convenient for deriving analytic results, but also extremely restrictive in their theoretical and empirical implications. We introduce the class of “constant-response demand functions” to describe some related families of demand functions that provide a unifying principle for much recent work that explores alternatives to CES demands.