Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development and Characterization of Microsatellite Markers for the Grain Amaranths

The grain amaranths (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L., A. cruentus L., and A. caudatus L.) are important pseudo-cereals native to the Americas. The objective of this project was to produce and characterize a set of highly informative, reproducible microsatellite markers for the grain amaranths. A total of 1457 clones were sequenced from three microsatellite-enriched libraries. Of these, 353 contained unique microsatellites. An additional 29 microsatellite loci were identified from 728 bacterial artificial chromosome-end sequences. A total of 179 micro-satellites were polymorphic across accessions from the three grain amaranths. Among these polymorphic microsatellite loci, a total of 731 alleles were identified with an average of four alleles per locus. Heterozygosity values ranged from 0.14 to 0.83, with a mean value of 0.62. Thirty-seven (21%) of the markers were polymorphic between the parents of a segregating population. Phylogenetic analysis using the marker data placed A. hybridus L. accessions into two of the three grain amaranth clades, suggesting the polyphyletic evolution of the three cultivated species from different A. hybridus ancestors. The transferability of these markers to A. hybridus, A. powellii S. Wats. , and A. retroflexus L. is reported and suggests that these markers may be useful in studying other species within the genus Amaranthus, including several economically important weeds and ornamentals.
Cat Heart Muscle in Vitro

The cells of cat right ventricular papillary muscles were depleted of K and caused to accumulate Na and water by preincubation at 2–3°C. The time courses of changes in cellular ion content and volume and of the resting membrane potential (Vm) were then followed after abrupt rewarming to 27–28°C. At physiological external K concentration ([K]o = 5.32 mM) recovery of cellular ion and water contents was complete within 30 minutes, the maximal observable rates of K uptake and Na extrusion (Δmmol cell ion/(kg dry weight) (min.)) being 3.4 and 3.6, respectively. The recovery rate was markedly slowed at [K]o = 1.0 mM. Rewarming caused Vm measured in cells at the muscle surface to recover within from <1 to 9 minutes, but only slight restoration of cellular ion contents (measured in whole muscles) had occurred after 10 minutes. Studies of recovery in NaCl-free sucrose Ringer's solution made it possible to separate the ouabain-insensitive outward diffusion of Na as a salt from a simultaneous ouabain-sensitive Na extrusion which is associated with a net cellular K uptake. A hypothesis consistent with these observations is that rewarming may activate a ouabain-sensitive "electrogenic" mechanism, most probably the net active transport of Na out of the cell, from which net K uptake may then follow passively.
Vortices in Rotating and Gravitating Gas Disk and in a Protoplanetary Disk

Nonlinear equations describing dynamics of 2D vortices are very important in the physics of the ocean and the atmosphere and in plasma physics and Astrophysics. Here linear and nonlinear 2D vortex perturbations of gravitating and light gaseous disks are examined in the geostrophic and post-geostrophic approximations. In the frame of geostrophic approximation, it is shown that the vortex with positive velocity circulation is characterized by low pressure with negative excess mass density of substance. Vortex with negative circulation has higher pressure and is a relatively tight formation with the positive excess mass density. In the post-geostrophic approximation, structures of the isolated monopole and dipole vortex (modons) solutions of these equations are studied. Two types of mass distributions in dipole vortices are found. The first type of modon is characterized by an asymmetrically positioned single circular densification and one rarefaction. The second type is characterized by two asymmetrically positioned densifications and two rarefactions, where the second densification-rarefaction pair is crescent shaped. The constant density contours of a dipole vortex in a light gas disk coincide with the streamlines of the vortex; in a self-gravitating disk, the constant density contours in the vortex do not coincide with streamlines. Possible manifestations of monopole and dipole vortices in astrophysical objects are discussed. Vortices play decisive role in the process of planet formation. Gas in a protoplanetary disk practically moves on sub-Keplerian speeds. Rigid particles, under the action of a head wind drags, lose the angular momentum and energy. As a result, the ~10 cm to meter-sized particles drift to the central star for hundreds of years. Long-lived vortical structures in gas disk are a possible way to concentrate the ~10 cm to meter sized particles and to grow up them in planetesimal. Here the effect of anticyclonic Burgers vortex on formation of planetesimals in a protoplanetary dusty disc in local approach is also considered. It is shown that the Burgers vortex with homogeneously rotating kernel and a converging radial stream of substance can effectively accumulate in its nuclear area the meter-sized rigid particles of total mass ∼1028 g for characteristic time ∼106 year.
Determination of Ferulic and p-Coumaric Acids in Wheat Straw and the Amounts Released by Mild Acid and Alkaline Peroxide Treatment

Ferulic acid (FA) and p-coumaric acid (PCA) are two major phenolic acids in a wide variety of graminaceous plants. Particularly, FA has been implicated in cross-linking cell wall polymers. In the present paper, the variations in FA and PCA contents of wheat straw upon various treatments relevant to the process of producing paper-making fibers were investigated. Wheat straw contained 0.48% FA and 0.42% PCA on the basis of dry material. Among them, of the total FA, 56% was esterified only and 44% was etherified. In contrast, >80% of the PCA was esterified only. In general, the phenolic acids had a high tendency to dissolve in hot water or alkaline peroxide solution, as compared to lignin. Nevertheless, the two-step pulping process, a mild acid wash followed by alkaline peroxide bleaching, removed <40% of FA and <20% of PCA. The phenolic acids remaining attached to the lignin might have an effect on the properties of wheat straw fibers made according to this method. Keywords: Ferulic acid; p-coumaric acid; l.
Popular Financial Reporting in Heritage and Cultural Hybrid Organizations: The First European Experience

The research objective is to highlight how the Popular Financial Reporting applied to a cultural sector can increase transparency and accountability involving citizens and members. Moreover, through the tool, it is possible giving immediate feedback on the transformation of the inputs into outputs and the absorption of resources provided by the public through funding in cultural impact. The analysis is conducted through a "Circolo dei Lettori" case study; it is a hybrid organization. The legal form is of a private foundation with public participation. The initiative of the Piedmont Region (Italy), the "Circolo dei lettori" is a cultural center. The role of the "Circolo dei Lettori" is to make melting 'pot expressive and influenced by the hurricane of stories, signals, and emotions from the digital society and revitalization of culture with presentations and meetings. The use of the resources made available is strictly linked to the sustainability of the creative industries. Therefore, an instrument that guarantees transparency, participation, and control at the same time is essential. Very often, there is not a real perception of the resources made available and of the results obtained, leading to a removal of the financing partners and the stakeholders. The integration of the theory developed through reality, together with different currents of thought in conjugation with practical evidence, is essential to define knowledge better. In particular, the analysis highlights the characteristics of the Popular Financial Reporting used for the first time in the cultural sector to increase sustainability, transparency, and accountability.
The Geography and Politics of Species Endangerment in Australia

Australia has the worst rate of recent plant and animal species extinction of any continent or country of its size, and a large number of surviving native species are also threatened with extinction Extinctions and endangerment are concentrated in those parts of the country where the transformation of native ecosystems into cultural ecosystems has been most complete. However, a considerable number of species have become extinct, or are now threatened because of the introduction of two organism. The fox has had a massive impact on the medium-sized mammal fauna and the cinnamon fungus threatens the extinction of many of Australia's most floriferous heathland species Institutional responses to the threat of continued loss of our unusual species have been belated and unco-ordinated, Only Victoria and Western Australia have adequate legislative provision for endangered species, and there has been some dispute on the adequacy of implementation in Victoria. A nationally funded endangered species programme was only initiated in 1988. The two million dollars per annum it distributes does not address the scale of the problem. Most non-government conservation organizations use endangerment as an argument for preserving large natural areas, but have yet to place the prevention of extinction near the top of their agenda Nevertheless, their activity has been, and will be, vital in the maintenance of Australian biotic variety.
The Level of Importance of Entrepreneurial Competencies according to Entrepreneurs and Scientists

This study aimed to describe the rank of importance among 13 entrepreneurship competencies and the difference of the rank between entrepreneurs and scientists. About 47 entrepreneurs and 22 scientists gave their evaluation by giving rank from 1 to 13. The Mann-Whitney U-test showed that most of the competencies were perceived important at the same rank by the two groups, except for the competence of "Information seeking" (U-test = 722, p < 0.01; Mrank entrepreneurs = 6.36, Mrank scientist = 9.33). The top three competencies that perceived highly important by both groups are initiative, seeking and utilizing opportunities, and perseverance.
Medical drugs from humus matter: Focus on mumie

In this review, we focus on the medicinal drugs from humus matter such as peat, sapropel, and mumie. The most clinically available medicines, containing peat and sapropel extracts, are Torfot, Tolpa Peat Preparation (TPP), Peloidodistillate, Humisol, Peloidin, FiBS, and Eplir. Much attention in the review is concentrated on mumie composition, its pharmacological properties, and new pharmacological drugs with mumie (Shilagen, Abana, Cystone, Diabecon 400, EveCare, Geriforte, Lukol, Pilex, Rumalava, Tentex forte, Nefrotec, Adrenotone, Siotone, La‐Tone Gold, Andro‐Surge, Solanova Libidoplex). It was concluded that therapeutic properties of crude extracts from peat, sapropel, and mumie have similarity to the ones of fulvic and humic acids. They are antibacterial, antitoxic, antiradical, antiulcerogenic, antiarthritic, immunomodulatory, and antiinflammatory properties. Possible directions for better development of new drugs from humus matter are discussed. Drug Dev. Res. 57:140–159, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exacum (Gentianaceae) on the Arabian peninsula and Socotra

Three species of Exacum are recognized on the Arabian peninsula and Socotra, E. arabicum sp. nov. in Yemen and Oman, E. affine on Socotra and in Oman, and E. caeruleum on Socotra. E. gracilipes and E. socotranum are reduced to synonyms of E. affine.
Evaluation of Heavy Metal Concentrations and Proximate Compositions of Amaranthus spinosus L. and Talinum triangulare J. and Soils Collected from Dumpsites in Some Selected Areas in Lagos State, Nigeria

Anthropogenic activities usually results in pollution, especially in developing countries where low-end waste management is the common practice. Thus, this research evaluates the concentration of heavy metals (Mn, Cu, Zn Pb, and Cd) and proximate compositions of Amaranthus spinosus and Talinum triangulare. Soils were collected in three dumpsites from three different Local Government areas (Alimosho, Amuwo-Odofin and Ojo) in Lagos State, Nigeria. The sampled vegetables and soils were determined using Standard techniques and atomic absorption spectrophotometer for the metal concentration analysis. The level of each metal concentration to the dumpsites was compared to World Health Standard. The results revealed that the two vegetables sampled contained appreciable quantities of nutrients needed for normal human development. Also, the heavy metal analysis shows the concentrations ranges from Mn (0.034-709mg/Kg), Cu (1.624-3.637mg/Kg), Zn (0.671-1.256mg/Kg), Pb (0.000-0.007mg/Kg) and Cd (0.000-0.007) in Amaranthus spinosus; Mn (0.336-0.073mg/Kg), Cu (0.206-1.834mg/Kg), Zn (0.006-0.680mg/Kg), Pb (0.000-0.003mg/ Kg) and Cd (0.000-0.002mg/ Kg) in Talinum triangulare; and Mn (0.000-1.300 mg/Kg), Cu (1.348-1.732 mg/Kg), Zn (0.149-1.100mg/Kg), Pb (0.000-0.008mg/Kg) and Cd (0.000-0.002mg/Kg) in the soil samples of the three dumpsites. However, Amaranthus spinosus, Talinum triangulare and soils of most of these dumpsites accumulated minimal concentrations of these metals. In fact Pb and Cd were not detected in some vegetables and soils. All the concentrations of metals studied in soil and vegetables were found to be lower than the maximum permissible limit of heavy metal in soil and vegetable stated by the World Health Organization (WHO) which implies that the vegetables are presently safe for human consumption. Thus, the higher concentration of metals in wastes of dumpsites and their vegetables, the increased threat it posed to the consumers. Hence, it therefore recommends that consumption of Amaranthus spinosus, Talinum triangulare and other vegetables from dumpsites should be avoided.
New criteria on global asymptotic synchronization of Duffing-type oscillator system

In this paper, we are concerned with global asymptotic synchronization of Duffing-type oscillator system. Without using matrix measure theory, graph theory and LMI method, which are recently widely applied to investigating global exponential/asymptotic synchronization for dynamical systems and complex networks, four novel sufficient conditions on global asymptotic synchronization for above system are acquired on the basis of constant variation method, integral factor method and integral inequality skills.
Diurnal urinary corticoid excretion in the human and gorilla

Urinary corticoids were measured in humans (n = 9) in frequently collected urine samples taken during a 48 hr period, and in captive western lowland gorillas (n = 5) and free‐ranging mountain gorillas (n = 3) from samples taken from 0700 to 1800 hr. In each study, the highest concentrations occurred in the morning hours, then declined gradually, reaching the lowest levels in the afternoon to evening. These data show that a similar diurnal pattern of corticoid excretion does occur in these species. We suggest that if single‐sample urine collection for determination of hyperadrenal activity is to be used, urine is best collected during hours of low corticoid excretion. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Effect of Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Enjoyment, Perceived Cohesion, Social Norm and Customer Preference to Customer Loyalty Online Game Community First Person Shooter in Surabaya

Purpose of this study was to determine the effect of perceived ease of use, perceived enjoyment, perceived cohesion, social norm and customer preference on customer loyalty online game community First Person Shooter (FPS) in Surabaya. This research using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Lisrel 8.70 software. Sampling techniques used in this research are non probability sampling with this type of convenience sampling. Data collected directly from respondents who meet the specified characteristics of the population by distributing questionnaires. The samples used in this study was 160 respondents. The results of this study showed the influence of customer preference on customer loyalty, perceived ease of use on perceived enjoyment, perceived enjoyment on customer preference, perceived cohession on customer preference, perceived enjoyment on customer preference, social norm on customer loyalty online game community First Person Shooter (FPS) in Surabaya. While, perceived ease of use on customer preference, perceived enjoyment on customer loyalty online game community First Person Shooter (FPS) in Surabaya rejected. Keywords: Perceived Of Use, Perceived Enjoyment, Perceived Cohesion, Social Norm, Customer Preference, Customer Loyalty
Inflow intrusions at multiple scales in a large temperate lake

Lake Como receives inflows of vastly varying scales. The majority of the lake's water comes from the alpine inflows to the north, and much smaller inflows supply large amounts of pollutants in the south. We combined various data sets with a three‐dimensional hydrodynamic model to investigate the processes affecting the fate of these inflows with potential applications for management responses to both pollution and climate change effects. During the stratified period inflow waters from the northern alpine sources intrude in the metalimnion, undergo a deflection due to the Earth's rotation, and subsequently affect local flushing in a semi‐closed embayment receiving the shallower intrusions of the small polluted inflows.
Observing Waves in Sea Ice With ICESat‐2

The coupled interaction of ocean surface waves and sea ice is important in determining the thermodynamic and dynamic properties of sea ice and its relationship to the ocean and atmosphere. Wave‐ice interactions create the marginal ice zone (MIZ), a region critically important for ecology, transportation, and the polar energy budget. Typically, the MIZ is defined using satellite products as those regions where sea ice concentration is between 15% and 80%. Here we present a new technique to observe ocean surface waves in sea ice, leveraging NASA's ICESat‐2 satellite laser altimeter, and produce maps of wave‐affected sea ice regions in both hemispheres. Defining a new wave‐based metric for MIZ extent, we find that compared to a concentration‐based metric, wave‐based MIZ estimates are smaller. Further, the wave‐affected MIZ makes up a larger fraction of sea ice extent in winter than in summer, opposite to the seasonal cycle of concentration‐based MIZ.
Vertical distribution of kelp zoospores

Cie D.K. and Edwards M.S. 2011. Vertical distribution of kelp zoospores. Phycologia 50: 340–350. DOI: 10.2216/10-48.1 The widely accepted theory of kelp propagule dispersal is that reproductive zoospores are released near the benthos and passively dispersed horizontally via advective and diffusive transport. However, it is possible that these zoospores can also be dispersed vertically away from the benthos and into greater unidirectional flow, thus increasing their dispersal potential. To investigate this, we developed a vertical spore profiler to collect settled zoospores at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 m above the substrate within and adjacent to the Point Loma Kelp Forest, California. Concurrently, we deployed a Nortek Aquadopp™ acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) to measure current velocities at different depths within and outside of the forest. Our results indicate that kelp zoospores are vertically dispersed throughout the water column, reaching at least 10 m off the benthos, but that zoospore density exponentially decreases with increasing height off the substrate. Furthermore, large differences in overall zoospore abundance were observed among different areas within and outside of the kelp forest and among different times of the year. Variability in zoospore densities coincided with differences in the physical environment (e.g. wave activity, horizontal flow, irradiance). Our ADCP data revealed that alongshore currents increased with increasing distance above the benthos, thereby increasing dispersal potential at these depths. However, exposure of the zoospores to irradiances characteristic of shallower water resulted in reduced settlement and postsettlement competency. Although the majority of released zoospores remained near the benthos, our data support the idea that vertical transport of kelp zoospores into shallower portions of the water column, where unidirectional currents are greater, may provide an alternate vector for long-distance dispersal.
Self-Reported Sensory Gating and Stress-Related Hypertension.

BACKGROUND Increasing evidence views hypertension as a stress-induced disorder. Stressors must be "gated" by the brain before any inflammatory or immune processes that contribute to hypertension are initiated. No studies were found that examined sensory gating in relation to hypertension. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to determine if disturbances in self-reported sensory gating could differentiate normotensive from hypertensive young adults. METHODS A nonmatched, case-control design was used. We administered an online survey to 163 young adult participants. Participants were predominantly female, in their mid-20s, well educated, and approximately evenly distributed by race and hypertension status. The Sensory Gating Inventory (SGI) measured gating disturbances. RESULTS The mean SGI scores were significantly higher among persons diagnosed with hypertension, reflecting a moderate effect size of sensory gating. After adjusting for confounders, however, the normotensive and hypertensive groups were not significantly different on their SGI scores. DISCUSSION With an observed moderate effect size of 0.35, but low power, more research is warranted regarding the role of gating disturbances in the development of stress-induced hypertension. Clinically, the SGI may be important for screening patients who would benefit from ambulatory blood pressure monitoring to identify persons with masked hypertension.
Endogenous lysine flow at the distal ileum of the protein‐fed rat: Investigation of the effect of protein source using radioactively labelled acetylated lysine or lysine transformed to homoarginine

The study aimed to determine if the source of purified dietary protein influenced endogenous lysine flow at the terminal ileum of the growing rat. Partially guanidinated gelatin and isolated soya bean protein based diets, containing chromic oxide as an indigestible marker, were given to 225-g liveweight rats. The endogenous flow of lysine at the terminal ileum was then determined indirectly, based on the absorption of homoarginine, after sampling of ileal contents at slaughter. Endogenous lysine flow was also determined by reference to chromium levels in sampled ileal digesta, after feeding rats either gelatin or isolated soya bean protein or casein based diets in which some of the lysine had been acetylated with [14C]-acetic anhydride. The [14C] acetylated lysine was used to distinguish between lysine of dietary and endogenous origin. Mean endogenous ileal lysine flows were 426 and 442 μ g−1 dietary freeze dry matter intake for the guanidinated gelatin (n=6) and soya bean (n = 6) treatments, respectively, and there was no significant (P>0.05) effect of protein source on endogenous flow. Nor did there appear to be any effect of dietary protein source on endogenous ileal lysine flow when measurement was based on the radio-actively labelled acetylated lysine. The data, considered together, indicate no effect of the source of dietary protein per se on endogenous ileal lysine flow in the rat when purified proteins were given over a short (8-h) time period. The mean true ileal digestibility coefficients for dietary lysine (0.897, 0.904, 0.926, 0.971, 0.916; acetylated gelatin, guanidinated gelatin, guanidinated soya bean, acetylated soya bean, acetylated casein, respectively) indicated a high degree of absorption of lysine before the end of the ileum in the growing rat.