Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Die Bedeutung medizinpsychologischer/soziologischer Themen für ÄrztInnen und Medizinstudierende: Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Das Fach „Medizinische Psychologie/Soziologie“ steht durch die aktuell anstehenden Studienreformen im Rahmen des „Masterplans Medizinstudium 2020“ verschiedenen inhaltlichen Änderungen gegenüber. Diese beinhalten u. a. eine Weiterentwicklung des Gegenstandskatalogs (GK) und des Nationalen Kompetenzbasierten Lernzielkatalogs Medizin (NKLM) sowie der Ärztlichen Approbationsordnung (ÄAppro). Hier stellt sich die Frage, welche Ausbildungsinhalte der „Medizinische Psychologie/Soziologie“, mit denen Medizinstudierende konfrontiert sind, von besonderer Bedeutung für die spätere ärztliche Tätigkeit sind. Methodik 332 ÄrztInnen und 265 Studierende bewerteten im Rahmen der Studie Lehrinhalte des Gegenstandskatalogs der Medizinischen Psychologie/ Soziologie (GK-MPS) nach ihrer Bedeutung für ihr Studium bzw. ihr Berufsleben. Die ÄrztInnen gaben zudem in Freitextangaben an, auf welche Situationen im Berufsalltag sie durch das Studium gerne besser vorbereitet worden wären. In einem kombiniert quantitativ-qualitativen Analyseansatz wurden Unterschiede zwischen beiden Gruppen durch t-Tests für unabhängige Stichproben bei ungleichen Varianzen (Welch-Test) identifiziert sowie Freitextangaben durch 3 Rater im Rahmen einer qualitativ orientierten kategoriengeleiteten Textanalyse den verschiedenen Themen des GK-MPS zugeordnet und inhaltlich ausgewertet. Ergebnisse Sowohl ÄrztInnen als auch Studierende schätzten jene Themenbereiche des GK-MPS als am wichtigsten ein, die die unmittelbare Arzt-Patient-Kommunikation beschreiben. Die ÄrztInnen maßen den Themenbereichen der Arzt-Patient-Kommunikation, Statistik sowie Prävention eine höhere Wichtigkeit bei als die Studierenden. Die ÄrztInnen beschrieben im Freitext, dass sie durch das Studium gerne besser auf besondere und herausfordernde medizinische Situationen in der Arzt-Patienten-Interaktion vorbereitet worden wären. Diskussion Nach wie vor werden den Themen der Arzt-Patienten-Kommunikation bei ÄrztInnen als auch Studierenden eine besondere Bedeutung für die medizinische Ausbildung beigemessen, jedoch schätzen ÄrztInnen diese Wichtigkeit noch einmal als höher ein als Studierende. Schlussfolgerung Die Studienergebnisse unterstützen die aktuellen Studienreformen hin zu einer stärkeren Gewichtung der Arzt-Patienten-Kommunikation und Vermittlung wissenschaftlicher Grundlagen sowie die Verknüpfung vorklinischer und klinischer Studieninhalte.
Nitrogen removal by denitrification during cyanobacterial bloom in Lake Taihu

To understand the effect of cyanobacterial blooms on nitrogen transformations in eutrophic Lake Taihu, the variation in nitrate concentration during a bloom was observed in a field simulation experiment. This result showed that the cyanobacterial bloom might cause nitrate depletion in an aquatic ecosystem. To further investigate this field result, nitrate transformations after the addition of cyanobacteria collected from Lake Taihu were traced in laboratory microcosms with the 15N isotope addition method. About 81.2% and 98.4% of nitrate was lost when 2 × 109 and 4 × 109 cells L−1 of cyanobacteria were added, respectively. The nitrate concentration decrease followed first-order kinetics with the rate constant 0.23 and 1.41 d−1 in the two treatments, respectively. Conventional denitrification was found to play a major role in the nitrate removal process while other pathways (e.g., dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium [DNRA] and assimilation of nitrate into microbial biomass) were negligible. It was likely that the cyanobacterial respiration as well as their decomposition resulted in anoxic conditions and that cyanobacteria also served as a carbon source for denitrification. Based on the above results, it was estimated that 109 cells of cyanobacteria were enough for denitrifiers to remove 0.53 mmol nitrate in the eutrophic lake ecosystem. Therefore, cyanobacterial blooms have the potential for nitrogen removal by denitrification and this process could cause nitrogen limitation of primary production in summer in Lake Taihu. This interactive relationship of nitrogen and cyanobacteria potentially constitutes a negative feedback for mitigating cyanobacterial blooms in this eutrophic lake environment.
Endometrial and Menstrual Blood Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: Biological Properties and Clinical Application

A highly proliferative mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) population was recently discovered in the dynamic, cyclically regenerating human endometrium as clonogenic stromal cells that fulfilled the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) criteria. Specific surface markers enriching for clonogenic endometrial MSC (eMSC), CD140b and CD146 co-expression, and the single marker SUSD2, showed their perivascular identity in the endometrium, including the layer which sheds during menstruation. Indeed, cells with MSC properties have been identified in menstrual fluid and commonly termed menstrual blood stem/stromal cells (MenSC). MenSC are generally retrieved from menstrual fluid as plastic adherent cells, similar to bone marrow MSC (bmMSC). While eMSC and MenSC share several biological features with bmMSC, they also show some differences in immunophenotype, proliferation and differentiation capacities. Here we review the phenotype and functions of eMSC and MenSC, with a focus on recent studies. Similar to other MSC, eMSC and MenSC exert immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory impacts on key cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. These include macrophages, T cells and NK cells, both in vitro and in small and large animal models. These properties suggest eMSC and MenSC as additional sources of MSC for cell therapies in regenerative medicine as well as immune-mediated disorders and inflammatory diseases. Their easy acquisition via an office-based biopsy or collected from menstrual effluent makes eMSC and MenSC attractive sources of MSC for clinical applications. In preparation for clinical translation, a serum-free culture protocol was established for eMSC which includes a small molecule TGFβ receptor inhibitor that prevents spontaneous differentiation, apoptosis, senescence, maintains the clonogenic SUSD2+ population and enhances their potency, suggesting potential for cell-therapies and regenerative medicine. However, standardization of MenSC isolation protocols and culture conditions are major issues requiring further research to maximize their potential for clinical application. Future research will also address crucial safety aspects of eMSC and MenSC to ensure these protocols produce cell products free from tumorigenicity and toxicity. Although a wealth of data on the biological properties of eMSC and MenSC has recently been published, it will be important to address their mechanism of action in preclinical models of human disease.
Heatmap centrality: A new measure to identify super-spreader nodes in scale-free networks

The identification of potential super-spreader nodes within a network is a critical part of the study and analysis of real-world networks. Motivated by a new interpretation of the “shortest path” between two nodes, this paper explores the properties of the heatmap centrality by comparing the farness of a node with the average sum of farness of its adjacent nodes in order to identify influential nodes within the network. As many real-world networks are often claimed to be scale-free, numerical experiments based upon both simulated and real-world undirected and unweighted scale-free networks are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed “shortest path” based measure with regards to its CPU run time and ranking of influential nodes.
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background and Purpose Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is associated with the risk of stroke and dementia independently of other vascular risk factors, but its association with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) remains unknown. Here, we employed a systematic review and meta-analysis to address this gap. Methods Following the MOOSE guidelines (PROSPERO protocol: CRD42018110305), we systematically searched the literature for studies exploring the association between LVH or left ventricular (LV) mass, with neuroimaging markers of CSVD (lacunes, white matter hyperintensities [WMHs], cerebral microbleeds [CMBs]). We evaluated risk of bias and pooled association estimates with random-effects meta-analyses. Results We identified 31 studies (n=25,562) meeting our eligibility criteria. In meta-analysis, LVH was associated with lacunes and extensive WMHs in studies of the general population (odds ratio [OR]lacunes, 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12 to 2.00) (ORWMH, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.38 to 2.17) and studies in high-risk populations (ORlacunes: 2.39; 95% CI, 1.32 to 4.32) (ORWMH, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.45 to 2.80). The results remained stable in general population studies adjusting for hypertension and other vascular risk factors, as well as in sub-analyses by LVH assessment method (echocardiography/electrocardiogram), study design (cross-sectional/cohort), and study quality. Across LV morphology patterns, we found gradually increasing ORs for concentric remodelling, eccentric hypertrophy, and concentric hypertrophy, as compared to normal LV geometry. LVH was further associated with CMBs in high-risk population studies. Conclusions LVH is associated with neuroimaging markers of CSVD independently of hypertension and other vascular risk factors. Our findings suggest LVH as a novel risk factor for CSVD and highlight the link between subclinical heart and brain damage.
NEWSMAKING PRACTICES AND PROFESSIONALISM IN THE ZIMBABWEAN PRESS

This article examines newsmaking practices and professional cultures in the Zimbabwean press. It explores the extent to which journalists make independent professional choices in the context of organisational, occupational, and wider contextual demands that shape and promote specific newsmaking cultures. The paper argues that the country's polarised political terrain and journalists' struggles for economic survival in the context of a severe economic crisis have spawned practices that provide context for (re)examining the relevance of the predominant Anglo-American epistemological imperatives of journalism in Africa. Thus, while on the surface daily journalistic practices in the Zimbabwean press typify the prevalent and somewhat universal professional normative ideals such as balance, impartiality and fairness, a deeper analysis reveals discrepancies that counter these established ideals. To this end, the claim that professional journalists subscribe to the generic normative ideals of objectivity and associated journalistic notions perhaps generalises what in fact are differentiated newsmaking cultures.
LIFE HISTORY CHARACTERISTICS OF THREE OBLIGATE RIVERINE SPECIES AND DRIFT PATTERNS OF LOWER BRAZOS RIVER FISHES

I examined various life-history characteristics of the shoal chub Macrhybopsis hyostoma, ghost shiner Notropis buchanani and silverband shiner Notropis shumardi from the lower Brazos River, Texas. Monthly or bimonthly collections were made from three sites on the lower Brazos River from January 2004 through December 2005. Shoal chub, ghost shiner and silverband shiner have similar life history characteristics, including rapid growth, short life spans and early reproductive maturity. In addition, these species produce multiple cohorts of eggs during prolonged spawning seasons lasting from early spring until late fall. Diets of the shoal chub and silverband shiner consisted primarily of aquatic invertebrates, while ghost shiners consumed aquatic invertebrates and a large proportion of detritus. The life history characteristics of the shoal chub, ghost shiner and silverband shiner allow survival in highly variable aquatic systems such as the lower Brazos River.
Review of the Genus Dendrocellus Schmidt-Göbel (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Dryptini), with Descriptions of Seven New Species

Abstract Twenty-two species are recognized in the genus Dendrocellus Schmidt-Göbel 1846. Seven of them are described as new to science: D. bicoloripennis, new species (type locality: 18 km SSE of Chisenga, Jembya Reserve, Malawi); D. inexpectus, new species (type locality: Barway, India); D. javanus, new species (type locality: Java, Indonesia); D. micropectinatus, new species (type locality: Abercorn, Zambia); D. nigripennis, new species (type locality: N. Kalimantan, Malaysia); D. queenslandicus, new species (type locality: Queensland, Australia), and D. sinicus, new species (type locality: Jiangxi, China). Four species or subspecies are considered as junior synonyms: Desera gilsoni gilsoni Dupuis, 1912, = Dendrocellus geniculatus (Klug 1834), new synonymy; Desera gilsoni continentalis Hansen 1967, = Dendrocellus geniculatus (Klug 1834), new synonymy; Dendrocellus parallelus Chaudoir 1872, = Dendrocellus coelestinus (Klug 1834), new synonymy; and Desera kulti recondita Hanson 1967, = Dendrocellus kulti (Jedlicka 1960) new synonymy. Drypta dimidiata Putzeys 1880, which was wrongly treated as a member of Dendrocellus, is returned to genus Drypta. Dendrocellus rugicollis Chaudoir is recognized as a distinct species, not a synonym of D. geniculatus (Klug). Lectotypes are designated for five species-group names: Dendrocellus gestroi Bates, Dendrocellus parallelus Chaudoir, Dendrocellus rugicollis Chaudoir, Dendrocellus ternatensis Chaudoir, and Desera schultzei Heller. A key to all known Dendrocellus species is provided.
Will the Last Reporter Please Turn Out the Lights: the collapse of journalism and what can be done to fix it

interpreting international relations has never been more challenging’’ (p. 131). How such challenges will be met and with what results is uncertain. One hopeful outcome may be a ‘‘global journalism’’ that ‘‘produces interpretations of the world that are different from the national outlooks within which journalism has traditionally framed social reality’’ (p. 22). Such a journalism*linked to positive notions of cosmopolitanism*may indeed emerge; but it will not replace older framings. Although the nation state may be threatened politically it still plays a strong cultural role and news will continue to be domesticated and this, it should be added, by a decreasing number of correspondents, who will spend more time on the Internet and less in the field. For international journalism new technology is, Williams says towards the end, therefore both ‘‘beneficial and detrimental’’. Such a conclusion seems weak but the aim of this book*the fourth in the Sage series ‘‘Journalism Studies: Key Texts’’*is not to conclude but to present a complex area of study in a well-structured and concise way. By that yardstick this book is indeed a very readable success that leaves one with a clear overview, a wealth of interesting examples and observations and, not least, a rich bibliography.
Estimation of standardised ileal threonine equivalency values of a multi-enzyme and its effects on broiler chick’s performance

An experiment was conducted to estimate standardised ileal threonine (SID Thr) equivalency of a commercial multi-enzyme and its effects on broiler chick’s performance. The 10 treatments included a basal diet containing 0.56% and 0.46% SID Thr in starter and grower periods; treatments 2 to 5 were supplemented with graded levels (0.07%, 0.14%, 0.21% and 0.28%) of L-threonine and treatments 6 to 10 were basal diet supplemented with 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 g/kg of multi-enzyme. Supplementing diets with multi-enzyme significantly (P<0.01) improved the feed conversion ratio at 28 and 42 d of age. Multi-enzyme addition linearly increased body weight gain (P<0.05) at 28 d of age and the immune response (P<0.05) at 36 d of age. Breast, thigh and abdominal fat relative weights were not affected by supplementing the multi-enzyme. Nonlinear and linear equations were generated for the multi-enzyme and graded levels of threonine. Based on an assessment for the r2 and P values of the equation, body weight gain, immune response and feed conversion ratio were sensitive measurements of responses to multi-enzyme addition. The nonlinear or linear response equation with the higher r2 values for added L-threonine and the equation for added multi-enzyme were set to be equal and were solved. The body weight gain and feed conversion ratio responses from 0.5 g multi-enzyme per kg of diet at 28 and 42 d of age was therefore equal to 0.08%, 0.05%, 0.16% and 0.07% SID Thr, respectively, and the immune response from 0.5 g multi-enzyme per kg of diet was equal to 0.14% SID Thr.
Model of nitrification and denitrification in marine sediments

Processes involved in the C, N, S, and O cycles in a marine sediment were stimulated for a situation where most organic degradation occured in the top 2 mm and NO3− was not present in the overlying water. The effect of increasing organic loading was examined (degradation of C ? 7 to 107 mmol m−2 d−1). Increasing organic loading had the following results: (1) ? 50% of the dissolved organic nitrogen was lost by diffusion in all treatments; (2) the proportion of NH4++; flux increased, the proportion of nitrification increased slightly and then decreased; and (3) the proportion of NO3− of NO3− efflux.
Automatic evolutionary learning of composite models with knowledge enrichment

This paper provides the main concepts of the knowledge-enriched AutoML approach and shortly describes the current results of the proof of concept implementation within the FEDOT framework. By knowledge enrichment, we mean the insertion of domain-specific models and expert-like meta-heuristics. Also, we involve multi-scale learning as a part of complex models identification. The proposed concepts make it possible to create effective and interpretable composite models.
Evolving multi-objective ranking models for GMV optimization in E-Commerce

In this paper, we focus on the challenge of GMV optimization in an e-commerce marketplace. We develop a production grade ranking system capable of evolving neural networks to efficiently trade off between different components while minimizing the impact on conversion. We further validate our approach with both offline analysis and online A/B experiments in a large scale production search engine. Finally, we contribute our production source code to open source to encourage further exploration in this space.
Red Sea Fishes That Travel Into the Deep Ocean Daily

The oceans of the world are extremely important for life on earth. Every day, they produce a large amount of oxygen needed for breathing and, at the same time, they absorb carbon dioxide produced by humans. If we did not have the oceans, this carbon dioxide would build up in the atmosphere much faster than it is accumulating now, leading to faster warming of the earth. In the ocean’s sunlit surface, the carbon dioxide is absorbed by small living cells called phytoplankton. Some phytoplankton are consumed by larger organisms and are transferred to the deep ocean. In this article, we investigate the effects of small, fast-swimming fish that feed at the surface during the night and stay in deep waters during the day. In doing this, these fish move carbon from the surface to feed the bacteria living in deep waters.
Parallelized bayesian optimization for problems with expensive evaluation functions

Many black-box optimization problems rely on simulations to evaluate the quality of candidate solutions. These evaluations can be computationally expensive and very time-consuming. We present and approach to mitigate this problem by taking into consideration two factors: The number of evaluations and the execution time. We aim to keep the number of evaluations low by using Bayesian optimization (BO) - known to be sample efficient - and to reduce wall-clock times by executing parallel evaluations. Four parallelization methods using BO as optimizer are compared against the inherently parallel CMA-ES. Each method is evaluated on all the 24 objective functions of the Black-Box-Optimization-Benchmarking test suite in their 20-dimensional versions. The results show that parallelized BO outperforms the state-of-the-art CMA-ES on most of the test functions, also on higher dimensions.
Assessing Quality of an Interpretive Educational Technology Research

: - It is a difficult task to assess the quality of an interpretive educational technology research. As the field of educational technology emerges, there is an increasing need for guidelines on how to conduct an interpretive research and assess its quality. Although interpretive research enriches the understanding of a social phenomenon, the prevalence of questionable and unreliable conclusions is a problem in educational technology research. Thus, this paper discusses two levels of problems: firstly, the social phenomenon for which an interpretive research provided useful insights; secondly, the research design process regarding how to conduct and assess the quality of research findings. With the help of Klein and Myers’ seven principles, the paper demonstrates how to conduct an educational technology interpretive research and assess its quality. The paper concludes that the use of Klein and Myers’ seven principles of evaluating interpretative research has potential for improving the quality of interpretive research in the emerging field of educational technology.
Applying some EDAs and hybrid variants to the ERM problem under uncertainty

The Energy Resource Management (ERM) under uncertainty of a smartgrid is a highly complex problem (a Mixed Integer Non-Linear Problem) with the objective of maximizing profits by reducing the need to buy energy from the day-ahead market or external suppliers at high prices. In this paper, some approaches of Hybrid Estimation of Distribution Algorithm were implemented to solve the ERM Problem Under Uncertainty. Also, using the WCCI/GECCO 2020 ERM competition framework, a comparison amongst the variants implemented, the framework baseline algorithm, and the algorithms of the previous competitions, was done. The experimental results showed that these EDAs and hybrid methodologies are good tools to solve the ERM problem under uncertainty.