Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Some Tropospheric Scatter Propagation Measurements near the Radio Horizon

Measurements of small variations in 100 mc field intensity within and just beyond the radio horizon are reported. The measured fields are assumed to be the resultant of two field components, one having a constant amplitude and the other being a rapidly-fading scattered component. The fading range of the resultant field intensity over a 10-minute period is used to determine K. Here, K is the ratio in decibels of the root-mean-square amplitude of the scattered component to the amplitude of the constant vector. Curves showing the measured median values of basic transmission loss, fading rate, and K plotted vs hour of the day are included for three of the Cheyenne Mountain transmission paths. Diurnal variation of these quantities is also discussed. The average basic transmission loss of the scattered component, Lba8, can be found if K and the resultant basic transmission loss, Lbm are known. Median values of Lba8, and Lbm are plotted vs the angular path distance, θ. Measurement of the correlation of the resultant field strengths received on two horizontally-spaced antennas within the radio horizon is reported. When the spacing was varied from ½ to 20 wavelengths and the correlation compared to other characteristics of the field, the correlation was found to be as much a function of Lba8 and fading rate as it was of antenna spacing.
Concept-Based Embeddings for Natural Language Processing

In this work, we focus on effectively leveraging and integrating information from concept-level as well as word-level via projecting concepts and words into a lower dimensional space while retaining most critical semantics. In a broad context of opinion understanding system, we investigate the use of the fused embedding for several core NLP tasks: named entity detection and classification, automatic speech recognition reranking, and targeted sentiment analysis.
Antacid therapy for gastroesophageal reflux in preterm infants: a systematic review

Background Gastro-oesophageal reflux is prevalent in preterm infants. Despite widespread use in clinical practice, there is still much controversy over the efficacy and safety of drug interventions, particularly antacid therapy. Objective To systematically review the effects of antacid therapy on preterm infants with symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux, and to assess the safety of these interventions. Methods We carried out an electronic search of the Cochrane central register of controlled trials (CENTRAL, The Cochrane Library), MEDLINE (1966–present), EMBASE (1980–present) and CINAHL (1982–present) as well as other online sources. Participants were preterm infants (<37 weeks gestation) with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease who were receiving care on a neonatal unit. We assessed the effects of histamine-2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors and alginates against placebo, primarily to see if they reduced the symptoms of reflux. Results Six studies were included in this review. Meta-analysis could not be carried out due to a lack of studies assessing the same intervention with the same outcomes. Omeprazole therapy significantly reduced the oesophageal acid exposure percentage time with pH<4 (p<0.01) and sodium alginate significantly decreased gastro-oesophageal reflux episodes (p=0.024). Metoclopramide and ranitidine showed a significant increase in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease symptoms versus placebo (p<0.04). No significant results were found for the use of esomeprazole or lansoprazole versus placebo. Conclusions There is insufficient evidence available to conclude whether antacid therapy is effective or safe when treating gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in preterm infants. Further research is needed into this topic and caution should be taken when administering antacids to preterm infants. Trial registration number CRD42017078778
Sensors for Enhanced Detection of Acetone as a Potential Tool for Noninvasive Diabetes Monitoring

Measurement of blood-borne volatile organic compounds (VOCs) occurring in human exhaled breath as a result of metabolic changes or pathological disorders is a promising tool for noninvasive medical diagnosis, such as exhaled acetone measurements in terms of diabetes monitoring. The conventional methods for exhaled breath analysis are based on spectrometry techniques, however, the development of gas sensors has made them more and more attractive from a medical point of view. This review focuses on the latest achievements in gas sensors for exhaled acetone detection. Several different methods and techniques are presented and discussed as well.
Assessing the validity of proxy caregiver reporting for potential palliative care outcome measures in Parkinson’s disease

Background: There is increasing interest in applying palliative care approaches for patients with Parkinson’s disease. Methodological studies are needed to validate palliative care outcome measures for Parkinson’s disease to build this evidence base. As many patients with Parkinson’s disease have cognitive and/or communication issues, proxy outcome measures may improve the inclusivity and relevance of research. Aim: To assess the validity of proxy caregiver reports for several potential palliative care outcome measures. Design: A cross-sectional study of Parkinson’s disease patients and caregivers completed a battery of outcome measures relevant to palliative care including the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Prolonged Grief Questionnaire 12, Parkinson Disease Questionnaire 39, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Spiritual Wellbeing, and Schwab and England. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to assess agreement. Setting/participants: A total of 50 Parkinson’s disease patient and caregiver dyads recruited at an academic medical center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and community support groups. Results: There was moderate to good agreement for Schwab and England, Parkinson Disease Questionnaire 39 total, and majority of Parkinson Disease Questionnaire 39 subscales; moderate to good agreement for the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Spiritual Wellbeing, Prolonged Grief Questionnaire 12, and Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale; and poor to moderate agreement for the Parkinson Disease Questionnaire 39 stigma, social support, and bodily pain subscales. Caregivers tended to attribute higher symptom severity than patients. We did not detect differences in intraclass correlation coefficient based on cognitive status but patients with advanced illness had significantly lower intraclass correlation coefficients for several outcomes. Conclusions: Caution is indicated when considering caregiver proxy reporting for most outcomes assessed, particularly in Parkinson’s disease patients with advanced disease.
The Use of an Analog Computer for Analysis of Control Mechanisms in the Circulation

Two approaches are presented to the study of regulation in the circulatory system. One consists of programming on an analog computer equations to represent part of the system and then, using suitable transducer, substituting the computer for the biological component. An example is presented in which a part of the mechanism which regulates arterial pressure (the carotid sinus) is simulated. The other approach involves simultaneous solution of equations derived to represent each system component. Simulation of a transient disturbance in blood distribution (Valsalva maneuver) is presented to illustrate the use of this approach in predicting the role of each component in determining over-all system behavior.
Audio-Frequency Atmospherics

Various types of musical and nonmusical atmospherics occurring within the frequency range lying between 150 and 4000 cycles have been studied. Particular attention is directed to two types of the former, one a short damped oscillation, apparently a multiple reflection phenomenon, and the other a varying tone of comparatively long duration, probably related to magnetic disturbances. Several quasi musical atmospherics which appear to be associated with the two more distinct types are described. Dependence of atmospheric variations on diurnal, seasonal, and meteorological effects are discussed. Characteristics of audio-frequency atmospherics are shown in oscillograms and graphs.
Trajectory Groups of 24-Hour Systolic Blood Pressure After Acute Ischemic Stroke and Recurrent Vascular Events

Background and Purpose— Blood pressure dynamics in patients with acute ischemic stroke may serve as an important modifiable and prognostic factor. Methods— A total of 8376 patients with acute ischemic stroke were studied from a prospective multicenter registry. Patients were eligible if they had been admitted within 24 hours of symptom onset and had ≥5 systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurements during the first 24 hours of hospitalization. SBP trajectory groups in the first 24 hours were identified using the TRAJ procedure in SAS software with delta-Bayesian Information Criterion and prespecified modeling parameters. Vascular events, including recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction, and death, were prospectively collected. The risk of having vascular events was calculated using the frailty model to adjust for clustering by hospital. Results— The group-based trajectory model classified patients with acute ischemic stroke into 5 SBP trajectory groups: low (22.3%), moderate (40.8%), rapidly stabilized (11.9%), acutely elevated (18.5%), and persistently high (6.4%) SBP. The risk of having vascular events was increased in the acutely elevated (hazard ratio, 1.28 [95% confidence interval, 1.12–1.47]) and the persistently high SBP groups (hazard ratio, 1.67 [95% confidence interval, 1.37–2.04]) but not in the rapidly stabilized group (hazard ratio, 1.13 [95% confidence interval, 0.95–1.34]), when compared with the moderate SBP group. Conclusions— SBP during the first 24 hours after acute ischemic stroke may be categorized into distinct trajectory groups, which differ in relation to stroke characteristics and frequency of subsequent recurrent vascular event risks. The findings may help to recognize potential candidates for future blood pressure control trials.
Effect of Dietary Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and Multi-Strain Probiotic on Growth and Carcass Traits, Blood Biochemistry, Immune Responses and Intestinal Microflora in Broiler Chickens

A total of 225 day-old male broiler chicks (Ross-308) were randomly allocated to five treatment groups, with three replicates in a completely randomized design for 42 days. Birds were fed a basal-diet supplemented with: no additive (control-diet), multi-strain probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Enterococcus faecium and Bifidobacterium thermophilum), or 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25% ginger (Z. officinale) powder, respectively. The results show no significant differences among treatments for growth traits and carcass characteristics, whereas using probiotics and ginger at all levels resulted in a significant decrease of gizzard weight and abdominal fat compared to the control group. Dietary treatments did not affect blood biochemistry and antibody production against sheep red blood cells (SRBC), IgG and IgM; however, antibody titre was higher in birds fed 0.25% ginger than other diets after 7 days post injection. The Lactobacillus counts in ileal content of birds fed 0.20 and 0.25% ginger were higher compared to the other treatments. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with either ginger or probiotics showed a significant influence on birds' immune response, probably because ginger had strong antioxidant activity and the probiotics stimulated the production of natural antibodies.
Organic Cation Transporter 3 Facilitates Fetal Exposure to Metformin during Pregnancy

Metformin, an oral antihyperglycemic, is increasingly being prescribed to pregnant women with gestational diabetes. Metformin is a hydrophilic cation and relies on organic cation transporters to move across cell membranes. We previously demonstrated that human and mouse placentas predominantly express organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3), but the impact of this transporter on maternal and fetal disposition of metformin is unknown. Using immunofluorescence colocalization studies in term human placenta, we showed that OCT3 is localized to the basal (fetal-facing) membrane of syncytiotrophoblast cells with no expression on the apical (maternal-facing) membrane. OCT3 positive staining was also observed in fetal capillaries. To determine the in vivo role of OCT3 in maternal and fetal disposition of metformin, we determined metformin maternal pharmacokinetics and overall fetal exposure in wild-type and Oct3-null pregnant mice. After oral dosing of [14C]metformin at gestational day 19, the systemic drug exposure (AUC0–∞) in maternal plasma was slightly reduced by ∼16% in the Oct3−/− pregnant mice. In contrast, overall fetal AUC0–∞ was reduced by 47% in the Oct3−/− pregnant mice. Consistent with our previous findings in nonpregnant mice, metformin tissue distribution was respectively reduced by 70% and 52% in the salivary glands and heart in Oct3−/− pregnant mice. Our in vivo data in mice clearly demonstrated a significant role of Oct3 in facilitating metformin fetal distribution and exposure during pregnancy. Modulation of placental OCT3 expression or activity by gestational age, genetic polymorphism, or pharmacological inhibitors may alter fetal exposure to metformin or other drugs transported by OCT3.
Matched-Filter Responses of the Linear FM Waveform

Although the properties of the linear FM signal have been studied previously in considerable detail, such studies have involved rather narrow aspects of the theory. This paper extends the work in several respects. By presenting three-dimensional projections of the conventional ambiguity function of the linear FM signal in more detail than was available before, we can study the sidelobe behavior off as well as on the axes, without weighting, with unilateral weighting in the receiver, and with bilateral weighting. These plots reveal interesting properties related to the signal symmetry in time and frequency. The matched-filter response is then extended to include Doppler distortions of the modulation function. The results show that Woodward's ambiguity function is valid only for signals with relatively modest sophistication, even though in most practical situations one is interested only in those undistorted parts of the matched-filter response in the vicinity of the delay axis. Plots of the response are presented for various degrees of distortion, for signals with and without weighting. Lastly, we consider the effects of a mismatch in range acceleration, again for the various cases of interest. The results convey a thorough insight into the properties of chirp radar under a broad range of operational conditions.
Where the Mind Cannot Dare: A Case of Addictive Use of Online Pornography and Its Relationship With Childhood Trauma

Abstract Dysfunctional use of cybersex has often been conceptualized as a “behavioral addiction” sharing common traits with substance addiction. We describe the case of a treatment-seeking man, who displayed addictive use of pornography. The case is presented from two perspectives: (1) a symptom-based approach inspired by the addiction model of excessive sexual behaviors and (2) a process-based approach aimed to identify the psychological processes and risk factors that may foster the development of addiction-like symptoms. This article shows how case conceptualization according to a process-based approach is likely to result in psychological intervention that targets the specific processes and risk factors involved in addictive cybersex use.
Optimum Noise Performance of Linear Amplifiers

A single quantitative measure of amplifier spot noise performance is established. It removes difficulties heretofore associated with the effect of feedback upon spot noise performance. This measure, (Me)opt, is a function of the amplifier noise and circuit parameters alone. It determines the lowest spot noise figure achievable at high gain with a given amplifier, which is used either alone or in a passive interconnection with other amplifiers of the same (Me)opt. Moreover, passive interconnection of amplifiers with different (Me)opt cannot lead to a spot noise figure at high gain better than that obtainable by using only amplifiers of the smallest (Me)opt. (Me)opt is, therefore, a valid measure of the absolute quality of amplifier noise performance. In many important cases the best noise performance attainable with a particular type of amplifier is actually achieved by a simple cascade in which the input of each stage is properly mismatched. The mismatch conditions for each stage do not in general coincide with those normally used to "minimize" its noise figure. In the case of a two-terminal-pair negative resistance amplifier, a limiting form of which is the maser, optimization may always be obtained using an ideal circulator.
The Secondary Emission Phototube

A type of phototube is described in which the secondary electron emission from an auxiliary cathode (bombarded by the photo-electrons) is utilized to obtain amplification of the primary photocurrent. Phenomena of secondary emission, particularly as applied to the vacuum phototube, are discussed. The operating performance of a typical developmental embodiment is illustrated, and it is shown that its static sensitivity is comparable with that of a corresponding gas phototube; that as regards fidelity, it retains the freedom of the vacuum phototube from the considerable loss in response at the higher audio frequencies which is inherent in the gas phototube; and that on the basis of noise produced by the microscopic fluctuations of its current, it is somewhat superior to the comparable gas tube, and approximately equivalent to a vacuum phototube having the same emission and followed by an amplifier having an over-all gain equivalent to the secondary emission amplification. Life tests indicate that the stability of these tubes is entirely comparable with that of the vacuum phototube, both as regards secondary emitter and photocathode behavior. In addition to the usual applications, various incidental uses of these phototubes are suggested.
W-band SPST transistor switches

A single-pole, single-throw (SPST) transistor switch has been developed, Three types of switches, that is, GaAs MESFET, AlGaAs-GaAs HEMT, and pseudomorphic HEMT (PM-HEMT), have been fabricated, and the performances at W-band are compared. To reduce on-state resistance and off-state capacitance, gate length was varied as a parameter. Moreover, an inductance for resonance was installed in parallel to the off-state capacitance between source and drain to obtain a high isolation, A relatively low insertion loss of 1.6 dB and a high isolation over 20 dB at W-band have been obtained from the 0.8-μm gate length PM-HEMT.
Angle Estimation in Amplitude Comparison Monopulse Systems

The problem of estimation of angle of arrival in amplitude comparison monopulse (ACM) radars in the presence of internally generated thermal noise is considered. A pulse-type radar is assumed and angular noise is postulated to be absent. In the treatment of the problem, explicit inclusion of various simple models for the pulse returns is made to draw a relationship between the a priori statistics of the echo signals and the ability to estimate the angle of arrival in ACM radars. A maximum likelihood analysis is made to determine the form of the estimates of angle of arrival for the various cases and the accuracy of these estimates is evaluated as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio per hit and of the number of hits. Although most of the estimates considered have already received attention, many of the results are believed to be new.
A 95-GHz InP HEMT MMIC amplifier with 427-mW power output

We have established a state-of-the-art InGaAs-InAlAs-InP HEMT MMIC fabrication process for millimeter-wave high-power applications. A two-stage monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) power amplifier with 0.15-μm gate length and 1.28-mm output periphery fabricated using this process has demonstrated an output power of 427 mW with 19% power-added efficiency at 95 GHz. To our knowledge, this is the highest output power ever reported at this frequency for any solid-state MMIC amplifier.
Reverse-rotation test for the determination of stray load loss in induction machines

VARIOUS methods for the accurate determination of stray load loss in induction machines have been devised in recent years. Also older methods have been improved and developed as the nature of the loss has become better understood. The employment of different methods of testing on a given machine seldom shows complete agreement in results, due to minor discrepancies and inaccuracies inherent in the methods themselves. Another difficulty is that all of the plans proposed to date require a high degree of skill and experience on the part of the testing technician. Thus industry today finds itself in need of a test which will give highly accurate results and at the same time be simple and easy to perform. The purpose of this paper is to describe a new method of testing — termed the “reverse-rotation test” — which will more nearly meet these requirements. The theoretical basis and the assumptions involved are discussed. Tests to determine the accuracy of the method have been made on two squirrel-cage motors of somewhat different characteristics by various methods of testing. The results of these investigations are described and curves are given showing the degree of exactness obtained. While the method includes assumptions regarding compensating effects involving minor components of the loss, its over-all accuracy for the motors tested is shown by comparison with the values obtained by other methods having high precision.
Experimental researches on skin effect in conductors

1. Discussion on the paper of Dr. J. A. Fleming, “On Some Effects of Alternating-Current Flow in Circuits having Capacity and Self Induction,” Journal Institution of Electrical Engineers, London, Vol. XX, May 1891, p. 471. The results are given of about one hundred series of tests, each covering a range in frequency up to about 5000 cycles per second, on the impedance of long loops of parallel conductors of different metals, sizes, and cross-sectional forms. The measuring apparatus is detailed. The theory of the skin effect in solid rods and in indefinitely wide flat strips is appended in a new and simplified form.
Continuous Phase Modulation - Part II: Partial Response Signaling

An analysis of constant envelope digital partial response continuous Phase modulation (CPM) systems is reported. Coherent detection is assumed and the channel is Gaussian. The receiver observes the received signal over more than one symbol interval to make use of the correlative properties of the transmitted signal. The Systems areM-ary, and baseband pulse shaping over several symbol intervals is considered. An optimum receiver based on the Viterbi algorithm is presented. Constant envelope digital modulation schemes with excellent spectral tail properties are given. The spectra have extremely low sidelobes. It is concluded that partial response CPM systems have spectrum compaction properties. Furthermore, at equal or even smaller bandwidth than minimum shift keying (MSK), a considerable gain in transmitter power can be obtained. This gain increases withM. Receiver and transmitter configurations are presented.