Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biological diversity and function in soils.

Although soil provides physical support for plants and contributes to a variety of important environmental functions, many questions about the ecological significance of its biological diversity, and how ecosystem function is affected, have never been asked. Recent technical developments, as well as new experimental and modelling approaches, have led to a renaissance in soil biodiversity research. The key areas are reflected in this new volume, which brings together many leading contributions on the role and importance of soil biota.
Inflammation in tendinopathy: The pendulum swings

Tendinopathy is one of the most frequent and clinically challenging musculoskeletal conditions. The treatment for tendinopathy is often multimodal, including exercise, thermal modalities, and corticosteroids, among others. Classically, tendinopathy has been viewed as mostly a noninflammatory condition, but recent work has provided compelling evidence to the contrary. In patients with tendinopathy, a marked accumulation of macrophages was observed in biopsied tendon tissue. Diseased tendons also contained abundant quantities of stromal fibroblasts that were primed for inflammation, as indicated by the expression of the markers podoplanin, CD106, and CD248, along with TLR4. Gene expression analysis further identified activation of pro-inflammatory pathways that might contribute to the neovascularization often observed in tendinopathy. As stromal fibroblasts play important roles in regulating extracellular matrix turnover, these findings are also consistent with another recent report demonstrating increased collagen turnover in patients with tendinopathy. These two papers represent important advancements in our understanding of the treatment of tendinopathy, as targeted therapeutics that modulate the activity of immune cells and activated stromal fibroblasts could prevent the breakdown of the healthy tendon extracellular matrix and inhibit the accumulation of pathological scar tissue. However, an important limiting factor in the development of immunomodulating therapies for tendon disorders is the lack of a widely accepted small animal model of tendinopathy that could serve as a preclinical screening tool. Therefore, there is a need for further descriptive studies focused on immune cell biology in humans with tendon disease, and to develop a rodent model that recapitulates the pathological changes observed in tendinopathy.
9 Neurogenesis in the Adult Hippocampus

As noted previously in this volume, adult neurogenesis is a process, not an event. Adult neurogenesis comprises a series of sequential developmental events that are all necessary for the generation of new neurons under the conditions of the adult brain. In the original publications on adult neurogenesis, the precursor cell population from which neurogenesis originates was identified only by the detection of proliferative activity and the absence of mature neuronal markers (Altman and Das 1965; Kaplan and Hinds 1977; Cameron et al. 1993; Kuhn et al. 1996). The new neurons, in contrast, were identified by the presence of mature neuronal markers in cells that had been birthmarked with the thymidineoder BrdU (bromodeoxyuridine) method (see Chapters 2 and 3) a couple of weeks earlier. The expression of the polysialilated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) with neurogenesis has been noted early but could not be clearly linked to either proliferation or mature stage (Seki and Arai 1993a,b). PSA-NCAM expression was the first indication of the developmental events that take place, filling the gaps between the start and endpoint of development. Today, we have quite detailed knowledge about the course of neuronal development in the adult hippocampus, and although many detailed questions remain open, a clear overall picture has emerged (Kempermann et al. 2004; Abrous et al. 2005; Ming and Song 2005; Lledo et al. 2006). Although we coarsely talk about neurogenesis in the hippocampus, it should be noted that neurogenesis occurs only in the dentate gyrus (DG), not other regions; in an.
Smart Helmet with Alcohol Identification, Accident Detection, and Drowsiness Detection System

: Presently a-days more mischances are happening because of absence of appropriate care and consideration, safe trip is the essential thing while at the same time going in the vehicle. This paper clarifies a portion of the anticipation frameworks by which a large portion of the mishaps happen. The keen cap is a sort of defensive head center utilized by the rider which makes the bicycle driving more secure than previously. The keen cap comprises of eye flicker sensor, liquor sensor and an IR sensor. In the event that driver devours liquor or he doesn't wear the protective cap, vehicle would not begin. For this situation, it is obligatory for a driver to wear protective cap and breezing through liquor test keeping in mind the end goal to ride the vehicle. It likewise distinguishes the laziness with the assistance of eye flicker sensor and cautions the driver by influencing the signal to sound. In the vehicle area, vibration sensor is set for mishap location. On the off chance that on the off chance that mishap occurred the framework send messages and offers area utilizing GSM and GPS module to the enlisted versatile numbers.
Is Background Parenchymal Enhancement in Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Associated with Breast Cancer

Background: Background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) in breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) potentially correlates with breast cancer (BC). Thus, BPE may be used for BC risk stratiﬁcation and for monitoring chemo-prevention. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the BPE patterns in benign and malignant breast lesions and in pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women. Methods: In 2017, 128 consecutive pre-menopausal or post-menopausal patients underwent breast MRI with diﬀerent indications were examined. Subjects with the history of breast surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy were excluded. A 1.5 Tesla device was usedwiththesameprotocol,andablindedradiologistvisuallyassessedandcategorizedbreastBPEasminimal,mild,moderate,and marked. Weusedfrequencydistribution,mean,andstandarddeviationtoreporttheﬁndings. ComparingageorBPEincategorical variables, we appropriately used ANOVA, or Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Results: The mean ( ± standard deviation) age was 42.43 ( ± 10.82) years, and 89 (69.5%) patients were hormonally active. Eighteen (14.1%),55(43.0%),41(32.0%),and14(10.9%)patientswereclassiﬁedashavingminimal,mild,moderate,andmarkedBPE,respectively. Age did not change among BPE levels (P = 0.197). Prevalence of moderate and marked BPE was higher in pre-menopausal women. BPEwasnotassociatedwithbreastlesionhistopathology(Pvalue=0.857)inpre-menopausalorpost-menopausalwomen(P=0.790, and 0.840, respectively). Conclusions: BPEisameasureof breasttissuehormonalactivity,anditisnotcorrelatedwithhistopathologicaldiagnosisof breast lesion in both pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women. The data of this study do not support the use of BPE for BC risk estimation.
Investigating the symptoms of airways disease

Background Airways diseases are increasingly recognised to be poorly defined phenomena with overlapping pathophysiology and symptoms. They are a significant and growing cause of morbidity, with increasing numbers of people affected globally and no improvement in key outcomes in the UK for the last decade despite ever increasing expenditure. The classification of airway diseases has changed little in the last 50 years, and may no longer be fit for purpose due to the growing appreciation of the complexity and heterogeneity of airways disease and the advent of molecular-based diagnostic techniques to target specific treatment. Aim To investigate whether strategies based on the measurement of selected phenotypic and biological characteristics of airways disease can help to improve the understanding of their pathogenesis and targeting of treatment. Methods Three characteristics of airways disease, namely (1) exhaled nitric oxide, (2) chronic productive cough of unknown cause and (3) the airway microbiota were described/measured in selected cohorts of patients in three clinical studies. Measurement of each of these characteristics was used to answer focused clinical questions regarding the pathogenesis and treatment of aspects of airways disease. Results (1) The baseline measurement of FENO in steroid naive subjects with symptoms suggestive of asthma had a low diagnostic value for asthma but was an excellent predictor of inhaled steroid treatment response. (2) A cohort of subjects with chronic productive cough of unknown cause was described. These subjects tended to have radiological evidence of airway dilatation and chronic inflammatory changes but not significant bronchiectasis. Their cough responded well to treatment with azithromycin, with ongoing neutrophilic airway inflammation a particularly strong predictor of treatment response. (3) There were no significant differences in the abundance or community structure of the bacterial communities in the airways between subjects with mild (BTS 2) or severe (BTS 4) asthma or between severe (BTS 4) asthma patients taking inhaled fluticasone or budesonide. However a number of differences in relative abundance of certain species (including enrichment of Haemophilus parainfluenzae in the fluticasone group) were noted on comparison of the groups. Conclusions This thesis provides support for a new approach to the classification and treatment of airways disease. The recognition of pathologically important processes (treatable traits) which can be used to predict response to targeted treatment has the potential to revolutionise the management of airways disease and result in improved patient outcomes.
Studies on wnt5a inducing differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells to myocardial cells

[ ] wnt5a CP15-5a HEK293 Ad-wnt5a Ad-GFP CP15-5a wnt5a GFP Ad-wnt5a Ad-GFP 1 PCR(qRT-PCR) Ad-wnt5a CP15-5a GATA 4(GATA4) 2C(MEF2C) 2 Western blotting Ad-wnt5a CP15-5a 43(CX43) T(cTnT) (INa) Ad-wnt5a Ad-GFP 42.8% 44.3% CP15-5a 1 wnt5a GATA4 MEF2C ( 1.717 0.220 1.847 0.190) GFP (GATA4 1.003 0.087 0.961 0.063 P<0.05 MEF2C 0.456 0.042 0.500 0.095 P<0.05) GFP 2 wnt5a CX43 cTnT ( 1.597 0.267 0.727 0.100) GFP (CX43 0.723 0.047 0.783 0.1333 P<0.05 cTnT 0.217 0.021 0.253 0.102 P<0.01) GFP GFP wnt5a INa wnt5a CP15-5a [ ] wnt5a [ ] R541.6 [ ] A [ ] 0577-7402(2018)04-0316-06 [DOI] 10.11855/j.issn. 0577-7402.2018. 04.09
Northern Corn Leaf Blight

Photos by Kiersten Wise and Greg Shaner Northern corn leaf blight (NCLB), caused by the fungus Exserohilum turcicum, is an increasingly important disease in the U.S. Corn Belt. The disease has appeared annually in Indiana, and has increased in prevalence since the midto late 2000s. NCLB can cause yield loss if it develops before or during the tasseling and silking phases of corn development. Hybrid susceptibility, cropping practices, and weather strongly influence disease development. This publication describes: 1. How to correctly identify the disease 2. Conditions that favor disease development 3. The impact of the disease 4. How to manage the disease
Familiäre Arrhythmieerkrankungen mit strukturell normalen Herzen

Zusammenfassung Angeborene kardiale Ionenkanalerkrankungen/familiäre Arrhythmieerkrankungen sind häufige Ursachen für arrhythmogene Synkopen und den plötzlichen Herztod bei jungen Erwachsenen. Sie sind mittlerweile bei rechtzeitiger Diagnose und adäquater antiarrhythmischer Therapie gut beherrschbar. Der (verbesserten) Risikostratifizierung kommt in der Behandlung eine entscheidende Rolle zu. Da sich das arrhythmogene Risiko mit der Zeit ändern kann, sind regelmäßige Verlaufskontrollen indiziert. Die genetischen und pathophysiologischen Grundlagen werden zunehmend besser verstanden und so gezieltere (mechanismusbasierte) Therapien möglich.
Comparative evaluation of antigen ELISA technique and PCR for detection of Rotavirus in stool samples of pediatric patients with diarrhea

Background: Acute diarrheal disease is a common infection of young children and adults which is characterized by rapid dehydration of body fluid. Iidentification of the causative agent and timely treatment can be life saving of children. The objective of this study was to detect Rotavirus (RV) in stool samples and to compare ELISA and RT-PCR techniques. Methods: Hospitalised children less than 5 years admitted for acute diarrhea were examined and clinical profile of diarrhea in the children. Detection of Rotaviral antigen in stool samples was done by a commercial Enzyme Immuno Solvent Assay Premier Rotaclone kit (Meridian Bioscience, Inc.) and the samples were processed for extraction of nucleic acid using an automated extraction system and RT-PCR was performed. Results: A total of 135 stool samples were tested by ELISA and RT-PCR. A total of 20/135 (14.81%) samples were found to be positive for RV infection by ELISA. Positivity of RV by RT-PCR was 33/135 (24.44%). The positivity by ELISA was significantly lower than by RT-PCR. The sensitivity and specificity of PCR for detection of RV was 100%. Conclusion: RT-PCR is a better and sensitive technique as compared to ELISA for detection of Rotavirus. Introduction Acute diarrheal disease is a common infection of young children and adults which is characterized by rapid dehydration of body and one of the most important worldwide causes of morbidity and mortality, accounting for an estimated 1.3 million deaths in children under five aged (1,2) . Clinically, rotavirus gastroenteritis is characterized by profuse diarrhea, mild fever, and vomiting, leading to mild to severe dehydration. Rotavirus is the major cause of acute gastroenteritis and severe dehydrating diarrhea in young children (3) . Rotavirus is estimated to cause about 40% of all hospital admissions due to diarrhea among children under five years of age worldwide (4) In India rotavirus is responsible for 40% of children diarrhea hospitalization and approximately 527,000 (475,000 580,000) deaths annually (5) or 29 to 45% of all death due to diarrhea among children ≤5 year of age globally (6,7) . Several techniques have been developed to detect rotavirus in stool samples, including electron microscopy, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of viral nucleic acid, various immuno assays, and PCR-based molecular methods (1) . Several rapid methods, such as the www.jmscr. igmpublication.org Impact Factor (SJIF): 6.379 Index Copernicus Value: 71.58 ISSN (e)-2347-176x ISSN (p) 2455-0450 DOI: https://dx.doi. org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i6.143
Nephrotoxicities

Nephrotoxic medication exposure is nearly ubiquitous in hospitalized patients and represents one of the most common causes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the hospitalized setting. Although provision of medications that are nephrotoxic has led to improved outcomes in terms of treatment of underlying illness, unnecessary nephrotoxic medication exposure can be viewed as a potentially modifiable adverse safety event if AKI can be prevented. The advancements in electronic health record development, standardization of AKI definitions, and the ability to identify AKI risk and development in near real time provide opportunities to reduce harm from nephrotoxicity.
Nursing Care for Persons with Drug Addiction

Persons with drug addiction (PDDs) may exhibit symptoms affecting the central nervous system. Multidisciplinary treatment teams may offer the most updated treatment and care. Pharmacotherapy is one standard treatment, effective in managing psychotic symp- toms with supportive psychosocial interventions. As part of the health-care team, nurses deal with PDD on a 24-hour basis. Quality nursing care is essential for improving quality of life, health status, and continued abuse-free status of PDD. Weak serotonin 2A antagonism
Update Mammakarzinom 2018 (Teil 1) – primäres Mammakarzinom und Biomarker

Zusammenfassung In dieser Übersichtsarbeit wird dargestellt, wie neue Therapien oder neue Aspekte etablierter Therapien in Zusammenhang mit neuesten, aktuellen Erkenntnissen stehen. Neoadjuvanz, Lokaltherapie, neue Aspekte der Systemtherapie und Prognose- sowie Prädiktivfaktoren werden beleuchtet. In der Neoadjuvanz ist nach wie vor der Zusammenhang zwischen pCR und Prognose von Interesse, ebenso wie neue molekulare Prädiktoren für neue Therapien wie CDK4/6-Inhibitoren zu identifizieren. Bei der operativen Behandlung wird weiter nach einer Reduktion der Aggressivität gestrebt. Insbesondere das duktale Carcinoma in situ muss dafür noch besser verstanden werden. Bei den Systemtherapien wächst die Datenlage zum Verständnis der besten Kombinationen und Therapieabläufe für bestehende Therapieverfahren. Letztendlich muss mithilfe von Prognose- und Prädiktivfaktoren vermieden werden, dass Übertherapien stattfinden und nur die Patientin spezifische Therapien erhält, welche bei dieser individuellen Patientin eine nachgewiesene Wirksamkeit mit wenig Nebenwirkungen haben.
Conservation physiology of marine fishes: state of the art and prospects for policy

The state of the art of research on the environmental physiology of marine fishes is reviewed from the perspective of how it can contribute to conservation of biodiversity and fishery resources. A major constraint to application of physiological knowledge for conservation of marine fishes is the limited knowledge base; international collaboration is needed to study the environmental physiology of a wider range of species. Multifactorial field and laboratory studies on biomarkers hold promise to relate ecophysiology directly to habitat quality and population status. The ‘Fry paradigm’ could have broad applications for conservation physiology research if it provides a universal mechanism to link physiological function with ecological performance and population dynamics of fishes, through effects of abiotic conditions on aerobic metabolic scope. The available data indicate, however, that the paradigm is not universal, so further research is required on a wide diversity of species. Fish physiologists should interact closely with researchers developing ecological models, in order to investigate how integrating physiological information improves confidence in projecting effects of global change; for example, with mechanistic models that define habitat suitability based upon potential for aerobic scope or outputs of a dynamic energy budget. One major challenge to upscaling from physiology of individuals to the level of species and communities is incorporating intraspecific variation, which could be a crucial component of species’ resilience to global change. Understanding what fishes do in the wild is also a challenge, but techniques of biotelemetry and biologging are providing novel information towards effective conservation. Overall, fish physiologists must strive to render research outputs more applicable to management and decision-making. There are various potential avenues for information flow, in the shorter term directly through biomarker studies and in the longer term by collaborating with modellers and fishery biologists.
Recruitment of Generation Y into clinical trials

Effective recruitment is key to any clinical trial success. Recruitment of Generation Y (18-34 years old) is quite challenging as they seem to be the least willing group to participate in a clinical trial. The purpose of this study was to find methods that are most appropriate for recruiting the 18-to 34-year-old (Generation Y) subgroup. To capture this information, an online survey was sent to over 2,000 graduate and undergraduate students. Through this survey, information was gathered regarding participant’s willingness to participate in a clinical trial and their preferred recruitment methods. The possible recruitment methods included newspaper advertising, news websites, television (TV) advertising, radio advertising, and social media. Of social media, the options were LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, or other (if none of the above). Of the 2,000 university addresses, 61 students in the age group 18-34 years completed the survey. The most preferred recruitment method was newspaper advertising, news website, and social media as compared to television or radio advertising. Across social media platforms, the preferred recruitment method of recruitment was Facebook. Among the respondents, undergraduate students were more willing to participate in a clinical trial than graduate students. Participant’s age, ethnicity, and academic major had no impact on their willingness to participate and their choice of recruitment method. Overall, the results indicate that the newspaper advertising, news websites, and social media (Facebook) were preferred methods to recruit this age group. The results of this study are tentative due to the small sample size and low response rate. Future studies will be required to definitively address this question. RECRUITMENT OF GENERATION Y iv Table of
Reliability of multi-vessel off-pump coronary artery by-pass surgery in patients who have low risk profile -

We investigated the reliability of multi-vessel off-pump coronary artery by-pass surgery in patients who have low risk profile. This study included 53 patients who undergone off-pump coronary artery by-pass surgery. Patients have been allocated two groups in terms of graft count. 1 and 2 vessel patients were defined as Group A and 3,4,5 vessel patients as Group B. Baseline and serial post-operative CK-MB values were obtained. Ejection fraction (LVEF), mitral-myocardial systolic velocities (lateral S and septal S), mean E, left ventricle filling pressure index (E/E ratio) and tricuspid-S were calculated at pre and postoperative period. Intensive care unit stay time was moderately correlated with pre mean E (r = -0.32, p=0.020) and pre E/E ratio (r = 0.34, p=0.013). ∆ CK-MB values were similar between two groups (p=0.263). There are no differences between groups in terms of ∆ LVEF, ∆ mean E, ∆ lateral S and ∆ tricuspid S. ∆ E/ E ratio was mildly in favour of group A patients (-2.31 ± 2.70 vs. -0.29 ± 2.89, p=0.007). Furthermore, ∆ septal S was slightly in favour of group A patients (0.71 ± 2.39 cm/s vs. -0.66 ± 1.73 cm/s, p=0.017). Multi-vessel off-pump coronary artery by-pass surgery seems as safe as 1 and 2 vessels despite small differences in terms of cardiac function alterations in patients who have low risk profile.
Probiotics for human use

Probiotics have become a popular approach for managing digestive and immune health and are being recommended more frequently as effective therapeutic interventions by medical professionals. Introduced early in the 20th century, the science of probiotics has advanced considerably, especially in the past two decades. Researchers have adopted a consensus definition, begun to understand many of the mechanisms of action, defined characteristics important to probiotic function and have obtained clinical evidence supporting probiotic health benefits and product quality. Nonetheless, a need remains for clear, evidence-based communications to consumers on the role of probiotics in a healthy diet and to healthcare providers regarding clinical use. However, regulatory frameworks in many countries have restricted progress on this front. There is a need for additional research to further clarify the most effective probiotics for given health outcomes and to identify people most likely to respond to specific probiotic interventions. This review provides current perspective on the probiotic concept, discusses evidence-based probiotic interventions, considers fermented foods with regard to probiotics and addresses some regulatory challenges facing the probiotic field.