Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE GREAT REVERSAL IN THE DEMAND FOR SKILL AND COGNITIVE TASKS

What explains the current low rate of employment in the US? While there has been substantial debate over this question in recent years, we believe that considerable added insight can be derived by focusing on changes in the labor market at the turn of the century. In particular, we argue that in about the year 2000, the demand for skill (or, more specifically, for cognitive tasks often associated with high educational skill) underwent a reversal. Many researchers have documented a strong, ongoing increase in the demand for skills in the decades leading up to 2000. In this paper, we document a decline in that demand in the years since 2000, even as the supply of high education workers continues to grow. We go on to show that, in response to this demand reversal, high-skilled workers have moved down the occupational ladder and have begun to perform jobs traditionally performed by lower-skilled workers. This de-skilling process, in turn, results in high-skilled workers pushing low-skilled workers even further down the occupational ladder and, to some degree, out of the labor force all together. In order to understand these patterns, we offer a simple extension to the standard skill biased technical change model that views cognitive tasks as a stock rather than a flow. We show how such a model can explain the trends in the data that we present, and offers a novel interpretation of the current employment situation in the US. Paul Beaudry Department of Economics University of British Columbia 997-1873 East Mall Vancouver, B.C. Canada, V6T 1Z1 and University of British Columbia and also NBER paulbe@interchange.ubc. ca David A. Green Department of Economics University of British Columbia 997-1873 East Mall Vancouver, B.C. Canada, V6T 1Z1 green@econ.ubc. ca Benjamin M. Sand Department of Economics York University Canada bmsand@yorku.ca
Effects of Biodanza on Stress, Depression, and Sleep Quality in University Students.

BACKGROUND The existing literature shows dance to be an innovative and successful form of stress management. Previous research indicates that Biodanza is able to increase well-being and personal resources and prevent stress. However, Biodanza has not yet been empirically tested as a possible therapy for application outside the clinical context in young adults with perceived stress. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Biodanza in reducing symptoms of perceived stress and depression and in promoting sleep quality in young adults, comparing the changes with those observed in a control group. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. SETTINGS/LOCATION This study was carried out at the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Almería. SUBJECTS One hundred and twenty-one university students with perceived stress were randomly placed into either a Biodanza group or a wait-list control group. INTERVENTION Study participants attended Biodanza sessions for 90 min a week, over a period of 4 weeks. OUTCOME MEASURES Depression, perceived stress, and sleep quality were assessed both before and after intervention. RESULTS Ninety-five participants completed the program and were included in the statistical analysis. Significant differences in perceived stress [t (93) = 2.136; p = 0.015] and depression [t (93) = 2.738; p = 0.000] were observed after the Biodanza period. Pre/post analysis found that Biodanza also had a significant effect on depression (Cohen d = 1.88; p < 0.05) and perceived stress (Cohen d = 0.79; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The Biodanza program is an effective stress management strategy for students. The results of this study showed Biodanza to have a positive effect on perceived stress and depression in young adults. This demonstrates how artistic, collaborative, and psychophysical interventions are an effective means of preventing and managing these problems in university students.
Plastische Deformation von amorphem Silizium unter Hochenergie-Ionenbestrahlung

In dieser Arbeit werden die Wirkung einer Hochenergie-Ionenbestrahlung auf amorphes Silizium untersucht und die auf der Pikosekunden-Zeitskala und Nanometer-Langenskala auftretenden Effekte naher charakterisiert. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse zur ionenstrahlinduzierten plastischen Deformation und zum Spannungsaufbau werden makroskopisch uber ein modifiziertes phanomenologisches viskoelastisches Maxwell-Modell beschrieben. In dieser quantitativen Analyse werden Symmetrieeigenschaften unter der Bestrahlung, Materialeigenschaften des Substrates sowie Ionen-Festkorper-Wechselwirkungsmechanismen berucksichtigt. Auf diese Weise konnte ein von Trinkaus et. al im Jahr 1995 vorgeschlagenes mikroskopisches viskoelastisches Modell zur Wirkung eines hohen elektronischen Energieeintrages auf Glaser fur amorphes Silizium erweitert und verifiziert werden. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit stehen in ihrer Interpretation im Widerspruch zum bisher postulierten direkten Flussig-Fest-Phasenubergang 1. Art und belegen vielmehr die Existenz eines zweistufigen Prozesses beim Abkuhlen einer unterkuhlten Silizium-Schmelze: eines Flussig-Flussig-Phasenubergangs 1. Art gefolgt von einem Glasubergang zum amorphen Silizium.
Causes and cures for endoplasmic reticulum stress in lipotoxic β‐cell dysfunction

Pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction is central to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, and the loss of functional β‐cell mass in type 2 diabetes is at least in part secondary to increased β‐cell apoptosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is present in β‐cells in type 2 diabetes. Free fatty acids (FFAs) cause ER stress and are putative mediators of β‐cell dysfunction and death. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying ER stress induced by saturated and unsaturated FFAs. Oleate and palmitate trigger ER stress through ER Ca2+ depletion and build‐up of unfolded proteins in the secretory pathway. Saturated and unsaturated FFAs elicit a differential signal transduction in the three branches of the ER stress response, resulting in different survival/apoptosis outcomes. The protection of β‐cells against FFAs through the interference with ER stress signalling has opened novel therapeutic perspectives for type 2 diabetes. Chemical chaperones, salubrinal and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) analogues have been used to protect β‐cells from lipotoxic ER stress. Importantly, the pro‐ and antiapoptotic effects of these compounds are cell and context dependent.
Genetic structure in a solitary rodent (Ctenomys talarum): implications for kinship and dispersal

The genetic structure of a population provides critical insights into patterns of kinship and dispersal. Although genetic evidence of kin structure has been obtained for multiple species of social vertebrates, this aspect of population biology has received considerably less attention among solitary taxa in which spatial and social relationships are unlikely to be influenced by kin selection. Nevertheless, significant kin structure may occur in solitary species, particularly if ecological or life history traits limit individual vagility. To explore relationships between genetic structure, kinship, and dispersal in a solitary vertebrate, we compared patterns of genetic variation in two demographically distinct populations of the talar tuco‐tuco (Ctenomys talarum), a solitary species of subterranean rodent from Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Based on previous field studies of C. talarum at Mar de Cobo (MC) and Necochea (NC), we predicted that natal dispersal in these populations is male biased, with dispersal distances for males and females being greater at NC. Analyses of 12 microsatellite loci revealed that in both populations, kin structure was more apparent among females than among males. Between populations, kinship and genetic substructure were more pronounced at MC. Thus, our findings were consistent with predicted patterns of dispersal for these animals. Collectively, these results indicate that populations of this solitary species are characterized by significant kin structure, suggesting that, even in the absence of sociality and kin selection, the spatial distributions and movements of individuals may significantly impact patterns of genetic diversity among conspecifics.
Registered Nurses’ Perceptions of Moral Distress and Ethical Climate

Moral distress is a phenomenon of increasing concern in nursing practice, education and research. Previous research has suggested that moral distress is associated with perceptions of ethical climate, which has implications for nursing practice and patient outcomes. In this study, a randomly selected sample of registered nurses was surveyed using Corley’s Moral Distress Scale and Olson’s Hospital Ethical Climate Survey (HECS). The registered nurses reported moderate levels of moral distress intensity. Moral distress intensity and frequency were found to be inversely correlated with perceptions of ethical climate. Each of the HECS factors (peers, patients, managers, hospitals and physicians) was found to be significantly correlated with moral distress. Based on these findings, we highlight insights for practice and future research that are needed to enhance the development of strategies aimed at improving the ethical climate of nurses’ workplaces for the benefit of both nurses and patients.
Calidad efectiva de los servicios de salud

Los sistemas de salud buscan la mejora continua de la calidad con eficiencia y efectividad para lograr resultados optimos en la atencion de los pacientes y sus familias. Sin embargo existe una amplia variacion en los procesos y resultados. Se propone una base conceptual y metodologica de la calidad efectiva centrada en el paciente como producto de una atencion tecnica y calida, con una adecuada gestion y aplicacion de recursos, que se define como otorgar atencion medica al paciente, con oportunidad, con competencia profesional, seguridad y respeto a los principios eticos de la practica medica, que permita satisfacer sus necesidades de salud, sus expectativas y con costos razonables. Se desagrega la efectividad para enfatizar el resultado, el impacto en la salud de las personas, y la modificacion positiva de su estado de bienestar mediante un modelo multinivel que impulse la mejora continua de la calidad en cuatro niveles: individual, los microsistemas, las organizaciones y el sistema nacional de salud y, que ademas retome las fuerzas impulsoras para su exito: liderazgo, cultura organizacional, desarrollo de microsistemas en equipos de alto desempeno y tecnologias de la comunicacion y de la informacion.
The effect of statin therapy on plaque regression following acute coronary syndrome: a meta-analysis of prospective trials

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of statins on plaque regression after acute coronary syndrome (ACS). MethodsWe carried out a meta-analysis to assess the change in plaque and plaque components in patients with ACS under statin therapy. This meta-analysis combined data of 1623 participants from eight randomized-controlled trials and seven observational studies. ResultsThe benefits of high-intensity statin therapy on plaque regression occurred after 6 months [standardized mean difference (SMD): −0.27; 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.43 to −0.12; P=0.0006] and were sustained over 12 months (SMD: −0.14; 95% CI: −0.25 to −0.03; P=0.01). No significant decrease was observed in the plaque volume and percent plaque volume under low-dose statin treatment. After 6 months of intensive statin treatment, the plaque volume reduced significantly in patients whose follow-up LDL cholesterol levels did (SMD: −0.16; 95% CI: −0.29 to −0.03; P=0.02) or did not (SMD: −0.21; 95% CI: −0.32 to −0.09; P=0.0007) decrease to 70 mg/dl or less. There was no significant change in plaque composition volumes, but an increase was found in the percent dense calcium volume of 1.31% (95% CI: 0.55–2.07%; P=0.0007). ConclusionIntensive statin therapy duration over 6 months may be as important as achieved LDL-C of less than or equal to 70 mg/dl in plaque regression following ACS. Intensive statin treatment may lead to an earlier regression compared with low-dose statin therapy.
Separating Bichromatic Point Sets by Minimal Triangles with a Fixed Angle

Given a set P of red points and a set Q of blue points in the plane, of total size n, we investigate the problem of finding triangles with a given angle 𝜃 that (a) contain all points of Q, (b) avoid all points of P, and (c) are minimal, i.e. their three sides are tangent to the convex hull of Q. Such triangles are called minimal separating 𝜃-triangles. We give an algorithm for reporting all combinatorially different minimal separating 𝜃-triangles in O(nlog n) time.
Sexual problems in younger women after breast cancer surgery.

PURPOSE To examine sexual problems in younger women diagnosed with breast cancer during the first year after surgery and to identify sociodemographic, medical, and psychosocial predictors of sexual problems. PATIENTS AND METHODS Women diagnosed with breast cancer age < or = 50 years completed surveys at three time points: within 24 weeks after initial surgery (baseline), 6 weeks after baseline, and 6 months later. Survey items included the Medical Outcomes Study Sexual Functioning Scale, satisfaction with sex life, feeling sexually attractive, body image, marital satisfaction, quality of life, medical history, symptoms, and sociodemographics. Prediagnosis sexual problems were retrospectively ascertained at the initial survey. RESULTS Analyses included 209 women sexually active at baseline (78.6% of total sample). Sexual problems were significantly greater immediately postsurgery compared with retrospective reports before diagnosis (P < .0001). Although problems gradually decreased over time, they were still greater at 1 year postsurgery than before diagnosis. In multivariate analyses controlling for sexual problems at prediagnosis, vaginal dryness, and lower perceived sexual attractiveness were consistently related to greater overall sexual problems. Chemotherapy was related to sexual problems only at baseline except for women who became menopausal as a result of chemotherapy, who continued to have problems. CONCLUSION Findings substantiate the need to address potential sexual problems related to chemotherapy treatment and menopause among younger breast cancer survivors and to counsel women about possible remedies, particularly for vaginal dryness. Increasing feelings of sexual attractiveness may also help sexual problems, especially among women for whom these feelings were altered by surgery or treatment.
La irrupción de la neuropublicidad y sus debates éticos

El presente articulo tiene como objetivo examinar el significado de la neuropublicidad asi como introducir los debates eticos que la acompanan. La busqueda de la eficacia publicitaria y el conocimiento de las “verdaderas” necesidades de los clientes centran la investigacion de esta disciplina que fusiona la publicidad con los nuevos conocimientos sobre el cerebro vinculados con el avance de las neurociencias. El presente articulo analiza esta nueva disciplina y sus caracteristicas, a la vez que analiza algunas de las problematica morales que plantea.
Experimental Investigations of Electron Mobility in Silicon Nanowire nMOSFETs on (110) Silicon-on-Insulator

Investigations on electron mobility characteristics in gate-all-around silicon nanowire nMOSFETs on (110)-oriented silicon-on-insulator substrates have been described on the basis of the advanced split capacitance-voltage (C- V) method. It is found that the electron mobility in [110]-directed nanowires approaches and is even higher than that in [100]-directed nanowires as the nanowire width is reduced. As a result, mobility degradation in (110) planar nMOSFETs can be recovered to some extent by utilizing [110]-directed nanowires on (110)-oriented substrates. The underlying physical mechanisms are also discussed.
Using pseudo and virtual measurements in distribution system state estimation

This paper reports a study on the use of pseudo-measurements and virtual measurements in the process of state estimation in distribution systems. For this purpose, a three-phase weighted least squares state estimator was developed, which treats SCADA measurements, virtual measurements and pseudo-measurements similarly, assigning different weights for each of these measurements. Initially, this research will examine the effect of pseudo-measurement precision on the estimates. Then, it will demonstrate that the substitution of pseudo-measurements by virtual measurements, at strategic points, improves the estimation accuracy. To illustrate the main theoretical conclusions, results of case studies considering a 4-bus test system, featuring the characteristics present in an electrical power distribution system (radial and not symmetrical network, and unbalanced loads), will be presented and analyzed.
Treatment of Childhood Pneumonia in Developing Countries

Definition of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) CAP can be defined clinically as the presence of signs and symptoms of pneumonia in a previously healthy child due to an acute infection (of less than 14 days’ duration) of the lower respiratory tract (usually occurs below terminal bronchioles) leading to cough or difficult breathing, tachypnoea, or lower chest-wall indrawing, which has been acquired in the community outside hospital (Zar et al., 2005; BTS, 2002). In developed countries this can be verified by the radiological finding of consolidation (BTS, 2002). In resource poor setting of the developing world, a more practical term acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) is preferred, reflecting the difficulties in obtaining a chest radiograph, especially in rural areas (BTS, 2002).
Impact of early vs. late microvascular obstruction assessed by magnetic resonance imaging on long-term outcome after ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a comparison with traditional prognostic markers.

AIMS Early and late microvascular obstruction (MO) assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are prognostic markers for combined clinical endpoints after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, there are only limited data for hard endpoints and no consensus exists which of the two best predicts clinical outcome. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the assessment of MO by MRI adds incremental prognostic information independent of traditional outcome markers. METHODS AND RESULTS STEMI patients reperfused by primary angioplasty (n = 438) < 12 h after symptom onset underwent MRI at a median of 3 days after the index event. Microvascular obstruction was measured 1 and 15 min after gadolinium injection (early and late MO). Clinical follow-up was conducted after a median of 19 months. The primary endpoint was defined as a composite of death, non-fatal myocardial re-infarction, and congestive heart failure. In contrast to the presence and extent of early MO, the presence and extent of late MO were independently associated with the composite primary endpoint in the multivariable Cox regression analysis adjusting for post-percutaneous coronary intervention TIMI-flow, ST-resolution, TIMI-risk score, ejection fraction, and infarct size. The presence of late MO was identified as the strongest independent predictor for the occurrence of the composite endpoint (hazard ratio 4.23, 95%CI 1.73-10.34, P = 0.002). Furthermore, the presence and extent of late MO provided an incremental prognostic value above the traditional prognostic markers. CONCLUSION In contrast to early MO, the presence and extent of late MO are strong independent prognosticators after STEMI. www.ClinicalTrials. gov: NCT00299377.
Modelo Ontológico para la Secuenciación de Objetos de Aprendizaje

—This paper presents an ontology that integrates and provides knowledge related with Learning Objects design, with the intention of supporting the sequencing of learning objects. This ontology was built using an approach based on an ontological engineering methodology and data mining techniques for automatic acquisition of knowledge. The knowledge obtained is represented by the OWL ontology language and SWRL rule language. Finally we describe the role of ontology in a recommendation environment for developing learning resources.
Isolating type-specific phenologies through spectral unmixing of satellite time series

ABSTRACT Vegetation phenology is commonly studied using time series of multi-spectral vegetation indices derived from satellite imagery. Differences in reflectance among land-cover and/or plant functional types are obscured by sub-pixel mixing, and so phenological analyses have typically sought to maximize the compositional purity of input satellite data by increasing spatial resolution. We present an alternative method to mitigate this ‘mixed-pixel problem’ and extract the phenological behavior of individual land-cover types inferentially, by inverting the linear mixture model traditionally used for sub-pixel land-cover mapping. Parameterized using genetic algorithms, the method takes advantage of the discriminating capacity of calibrated surface reflectance measurements in red, near infrared, and short-wave infrared wavelengths, as well as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Normalized Difference Water Index. In simulation, the unmixing procedure reproduced the reflectances and phenological signals of grass, crop, and deciduous forests with high fidelity (RMSE < 0.007 NDVI); and in empirical tests, the algorithm extracted the phenological characteristics of evergreen trees and seasonal grasses in a semi-arid savannah. The approach shows potential for a wide range of ecological applications, including detection of differential responses to climate, soil, or other factors among vegetation types.
Immunocytochemical evidence for neuroendocrine differentiation in human breast carcinomas

Normal and neoplastic human breast tissues have been stained with antibodies recognizing neuroendrocrine differentiation. Fifteen out of 44 (34 per cent), breast carcinomas stained positively with monoclonal antibody LICR‐LON‐E36, and 11 out of 44 (25 per cent) of these tumours stained with an antibody raised against neuron‐specific enolase (NSE). Eight tumours stained positively with both antibodies. No correlation was observed between staining with these antibodies and the tumour histology, nor with the degree of cellular differentiation as indicated by staining with several cell surface directed monoclonal antibodies. Ultrastructural analysis of a series of breast tumours showed the presence of membrane‐bound dense‐core vesicles in almost all tumours, including E36 and NSE positive and negative tumours. The presence of these structures appears to be of little value in predicting neuroendocrine differentiation.
The Performance and Structure of Small & Medium Enterprises: An Empirical Evidence from Pakistan

The sole purpose of the study is to carve out the performance and structure of the small and medium scale manufacturing sector of Pakistan in terms of employment and productivity. The present study has incorporated the transcendental logarithmic cost function to apply on secondary, cross section data of the 3-digit forty nine SMEs of Pakistan. This functional form allows for and assists in exploring the true production structure of the firms. It has been revealed that structure of SMEs in Pakistan is based on Non-homothetic, Nonhomogeneous, Variable returns to scale and Non-unitary elasticities. It has further been found that SMEs are overwhelmingly efficient as the pro- SMEs advocate them, in terms of employment generation and productivity, as capital and labor are found to be substitutes, which means employment generation is possible without the expansion in capital in a densely populated country like Pakistan. The conclusion suggests that although public policy should be targeted to provide parallel support to capital and labor yet distinguished favor should be given to labor to generate employment in SMEs of Pakistan.