Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Target-Site and Non-target-Site Resistance Mechanisms Confer Multiple and Cross- Resistance to ALS and ACCase Inhibiting Herbicides in Lolium rigidum From Spain

Lolium rigidum is one the worst herbicide resistant (HR) weeds worldwide due to its proneness to evolve multiple and cross resistance to several sites of action (SoA). In winter cereals crops in Spain, resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)- and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides has become widespread, with farmers having to rely on pre-emergence herbicides over the last two decades to maintain weed control. Recently, lack of control with very long-chain fatty acid synthesis (VLCFAS)-inhibiting herbicides has been reported in HR populations that are difficult to manage by chemical means. In this study, three Spanish populations of L. rigidum from winter cereals were confirmed as being resistant to ALS- and ACCase-inhibiting herbicides, with broad-ranging resistance toward the different chemistries tested. In addition, reduced sensitivity to photosystem II-, VLCFAS-, and phytoene desaturase-inhibiting herbicides were confirmed across the three populations. Resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides was associated with point mutations in positions Trp-2027 and Asp-2078 of the enzyme conferring target site resistance (TSR), while none were detected in the ALS enzyme. Additionally, HR populations contained enhanced amounts of an ortholog of the glutathione transferase phi (F) class 1 (GSTF1) protein, a functional biomarker of non-target-site resistance (NTSR), as confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Further evidence of NTSR was obtained in dose-response experiments with prosulfocarb applied post-emergence, following pre-treatment with the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase inhibitor malathion, which partially reversed resistance. This study confirms the evolution of multiple and cross resistance to ALS- and ACCase inhibiting herbicides in L. rigidum from Spain by mechanisms consistent with the presence of both TSR and NTSR. Moreover, the results suggest that NTSR, probably by means of enhanced metabolism involving more than one detoxifying enzyme family, confers cross resistance to other SoA. The study further demonstrates the urgent need to monitor and prevent the further evolution of herbicide resistance in L. rigidum in Mediterranean areas.
Outer Membrane Vesicle Induction and Isolation for Vaccine Development

Gram-negative bacteria release vesicular structures from their outer membrane, so called outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). OMVs have a variety of functions such as waste disposal, communication, and antigen or toxin delivery. These vesicles are the promising structures for vaccine development since OMVs carry many surface antigens that are identical to the bacterial surface. However, isolation is often difficult and results in low yields. Several methods to enhance OMV yield exist, but these do affect the resulting OMVs. In this review, our current knowledge about OMVs will be presented. Different methods to induce OMVs will be reviewed and their advantages and disadvantages will be discussed. The effects of the induction and isolation methods used in several immunological studies on OMVs will be compared. Finally, the challenges for OMV-based vaccine development will be examined and one example of a successful OMV-based vaccine will be presented.
Directive 2-D Beam Steering by Means of a Multiport Radially Periodic Leaky-Wave Antenna

A multifed radially periodic two-dimensional leaky-wave antenna is proposed for the generation of a directional beam continuously scanning in elevation by changing the frequency, and over a discrete number of directions in azimuth when activating different elements of the feeding system. The structure is planar and constituted by a circular grounded dielectric slab loaded with microstrip rings, properly positioned around the sources to support the propagation of an angularly directional surface wave over a sector determined by the corresponding activated feeder. This produces a perturbation of the surface wave, resulting in the generation of a directional leaky wave over the aperture, whose complex propagation constant is described by a single fast backward spatial harmonic. The antenna radiation features are numerically investigated in conjunction with the dispersion analysis of the structure, validated through a conventional generalized-pencil-of-function approach. Full-wave simulations have been developed to design a practical feeder, which is constituted by a circular arrangement of commercial coaxial connectors. The proposed multiport antenna is validated by means of measurements performed on a microwave manufactured prototype. The design represents an attractive simple and cost-effective solution to achieve a high-gain beam scanning over the three-dimensional space, alternative to more conventional phased-array design based on cumbersome and lossy feeding networks.
Laboratory Management and Quality Control Practice of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleic Acid Detection

Abstract Objective A positive result of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection provides critical laboratory evidence for clinical confirmed diagnosis, pandemic status evaluation, a pandemic prevention plan, treatment of infected people with symptoms, and protection of uninfected people. This study aims to provide a practical reference for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid–related research and detection. Methods Our laboratory has established policies combining personnel management and quality control practices for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection during the pandemic. Results In this article, we describe cross-department personnel management and key points of personal protection and quality control in the testing process. We also report on the differences in detection and the compatibility between different brand kits. Conclusion It is critical to maintain a standard and accurate laboratory operation for nucleic acid testing.
CAN INCREASED MIDSOLE BENDING STIFFNESS OF SPORT SHOES DELAY THE ONSET OF LOWER LIMB JOINT WORK REDISTRIBUTION DURING A PROLONGED RUN

Prolonged running has been shown to result in a redistribution of positive lower limb joint work from distal to proximal joints. Running footwear with increased midsole bending stiffness (MBS) has been shown to redistribute lower limb joint work from proximal to distal joints. How increased MBS of running shoes can affect joint work redistribution during a prolonged run, however, is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate if increasing the MBS of running shoes can delay the onset of positive lower limb joint work redistribution during a prolonged run. Thirteen trained male runners (current 10 km time < 44 min.) performed 10-km runs at 90% of their speed at lactate threshold (sLT) in a control and stiff shoe condition, respectively. Prolonged running resulted in a redistribution of positive lower limb joint work from distal to proximal joints in both shoe conditions. The onset of joint work redistribution, however, was delayed at the metatarsophalangeal and ankle joint when running in the stiff shoe condition. A delayed onset of lower limb joint work redistribution in the stiff condition may result in greater energy stored and returned in distal passive-elastic structures (i.e., Achilles tendon), reducing lower limb muscle work later into the prolonged run. Also, less active muscle volume would be required to perform the same total amount of positive mechanical work when running in the stiff condition because the ankle plantarflexor muscles have less volume than the knee extensor muscles. These results contribute to the notion that footwear with increased MBS likely result in lower metabolic cost, due to delays in distal to proximal lower limb joint work redistribution.
Radioisotope production at the IFMIF-DONES facility

The International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility - Demo Oriented NEutron Source (IFMIF-DONES) is a single-sited novel Research Infrastructure for testing, validation and qualification of the materials to be used in a fusion reactor. Recently, IFMIF-DONES has been declared of interest by ESFRI (European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures) and its European host city would be Granada (Spain). In spite the first and most important application of IFMIF-DONES related to fusion technology, the unprecedented neutron flux available could be exploited without modifying the routine operation of IFMIF-DONES. Thus, it is already planned an experimental hall for a complementary program with neutrons. Also, a complementary program on the use of the deuteron beam could help IFMIF-DONES to be more sustainable. In the present work, we study radioisotope production with deuterons of 177Lu. The results show the viability of IFMIF-DONES for such production in terms of the needs of a territory of small-medium size. Also the study suggests that new nuclear data at higher deuteron energies are mandatory for an accurate study in this field.
Compact Thermal Sensors for Dense CPU Thermal Monitoring and Regulation: A Review

Nearly all integrated circuits contain power and thermal management circuits. These two functions are intimately connected and help improve the power performance of the system. In recent generation computers, the functionality and complexity of the thermal sensing and management circuits have accelerated in order to improve the performance. Integrated thermal sensors are utilized to monitor the peak temperatures of the CPU’s to ensure that they do not exceed the reliability limits. There are many hot-spots on the CPU which have to be monitored, and these locations are not necessarily obvious during the design stage. As a result, it is required that there be multiple sensors on the CPU to enable accurate coverage. Thermal sensors are needed for cold-spot monitoring as well, in order to determine the required $\text{V}_{\text{dd}}$ level during low voltage, low power modes. The sensors are also used for fan regulation and power estimation. There can be many tens of sensors in a product, which require them to be small and low power. A variety of mechanisms have been utilized to form the sensing element. These include the parasitic PNP transistor, MOS transistors, resistors, as well as the thermal diffusivity of Si. In the past ten years, a trend towards miniaturization of thermal sensors has occurred. This review paper surveys the recent miniaturized integrated sensors which have been reported in the literature. The design tradeoffs for the CPU application are discussed, as well as the relative advantages of the different sensing mechanisms and their performances.
Cholesterol and Fatty Acid Profiles of Some Bird Egg Varieties: Possible Health Implications

This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author EOO designed the study, performed the statistical analysis, wrote the protocol and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Author HNEO co-designed the study and managed the analyses of the study. Authors MII and IOW edited the draft and made some medical input in the study. All authors read and approved the final ABSTRACT Aims: To determine the cholesterol and fatty acid profile of five bird egg varieties and the values ranging from 435 mg/100 (quail egg) to 851 mg/100 (turkey egg). Similarly, among the boiled egg samples, quail egg had the lowest cholesterol content (455.4 ± mg/100) and turkey had the highest (1164 ± 1.33 mg/100). For the fatty acid composition, 3 saturated, 4 monounsaturated and 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids were reported in significant quantities. Palmitic acid was the most predominant saturated fatty acid with guinea fowl egg having significantly ( P = .05) higher concentration and exotic chicken having significantly ( P = .05) lower concentration. Oleic acid was the most predominant unsaturated fatty acid with boiled quail egg having significantly ( P = .05) higher concentration (0.96 ± 0.001 g/100 g). Conclusion: Quail egg was found to have relatively safer content of cholesterol and also had higher concentration of unsaturated fatty acids. Consequently, they are better recommended for consumption by individuals with dyslipidemia and diabetes. Consumption of turkey eggs should be moderate due to their exceptionally high cholesterol content.
Relação entre o número de larvas do mosquito transmissor da dengue e elementos climáticos / Relationship between number of mosquitos larvae dengue transmitters and climate elements

RESUMO A dengue é uma epidemia que denota certa peculiaridade, pois, o principal vetor de transmissão, o mosquito Aedes aegypti apresenta um comportamento urbanícola e antropofílico em todo o seu ciclo de existência. Um outro vetor de transmissão em potencial, o Aedes albopictus, surge num cenário atual, sendo este o principal transmissor da dengue na Ásia (FIOCRUZ, 2008). De forma a confirmar o pressuposto de que há um aumento no número de mosquitos em períodos chuvosos e de temperaturas altas, foi feito o cruzamento de dados médios mensais de temperatura e totais mensais de chuva para os anos de 2007, 2008 e 2009 com o número total de larvas, mensal, do mosquito encontrado em armadilhas distribuídas uniformemente pelo campus da UNICAMP (Universidade Estadual de Campinas), administradas pelo Centro de Saúde Comunitária (CECOM) onde disponibiliza os dados na internet. A relação dos dados se mostrou satisfatória, com r2 igual a 0,65, mas não satisfatório para temperatura média. Apesar disso, após a normalização dos dados, verificase graficamente que há uma relação entre número de larvas do mosquito com chuva e temperatura.
Ura eta hirigintza: Paradigma-aldaketaren bidean hiru-uren kudearekin

EnglishFor a long time water has been considered a necessary but awkward service in urban planning. However, the role of water in the habitability, resilience and environment of cities in increasingly evident. To this end, the entire water cycle must be taken into account. EuskaraHiri-garapenean ura ezinbesteko zerbitzu ez ezik, traba egiten duela ere kontsideratu izan da denbora luzez. Alabaina, gero eta nabarmenagoa da uraren eragina hirien bizigarritasunean, erresilientzian, eta ingurumenean. Horretarako, baina, kontuan hartu behar da uraren zikloa bere osotasunean.
Novel Bidirectional DC Solid-State Circuit Breaker With Operating Duty Capability

DC microgrids have received remarkable interest in both the academia and the industry for over a decade, yet the protection of dc microgrids remains as a major challenge. This challenge is rooted in the nonexistence of natural zero-crossing point in dc microgrids which rapidly increase the fault current. In this article, a novel bidirectional dc solid-state circuit breaker (dc SSCB) to reinforce the bidirectional flow of energy which significantly boosts the overall efficiency of the power supply of dc microgrids is presented. The proposed topology can perform the operating duty of reclosing and rebreaking, and the commutation capacitor is charged and recharged naturally without any complex control of the main or auxiliary thyristors, which is considered atypical of existing topologies. A clear and detailed analysis of the operation of the proposed topology is presented. Finally, the experimental results are presented to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed novel bidirectional dc SSCB.
Analytical Modeling of Slotted, Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors With Different Rotor Frames and Magnet Shapes

This article presents an analytical solution procedure to investigate the geometrical impact of the magnet and the rotor core on the performance of slotted, surface-mounted permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motors. In particular, four different motor configurations with loaf-shape/regular arc-shape magnets mounted on the octagon/circular rotor surface are investigated, and their no-load (i.e., PM flux density, back EMF, and the cogging torque) and on-load (i.e., armature flux density, winding inductance, and electromagnetic torque) performance metrics are compared. The analysis is carried out analytically by using the concept of the surface magnetization current (SMC) and the superposition theorem. First, the stator slots are nullified, and Poisson’s equation is solved on a slot-less surface. The effect of the stator slots is then included by injecting equivalent SMC on the stator bore. For verification purposes, analytical results are validated via the finite element (FE) and experimental measurements on the motor prototype.
Resonance mechanisms of a single line-to-ground fault on ungrounded systems

As for a single line-to-ground fault in an ungrounded distribution system, the power-frequency current is too low to detect the fault. The transient current is more palpable than that at a power-frequency of 50 or 60 Hz. It is an effective method to estimate the fault using the transient fault current. To analyze and calculate the transient current of single line-to-ground faults, an equivalent circuit is proposed in this paper. This model is based on distributed parameters of power lines. And it contains positive, negative and zero sequence information. The transient equivalent circuit consists of equivalent resistance, equivalent inductance and equivalent capacitance. And the method of calculation the equivalent elements is also submitted. MATLAB simulation results show that the new transient equivalent circuit has higher accuracy and stronger adaptability compared with the traditional one.
A Secure Distributed Information Sharing Algorithm Based on Attack Detection in Multi-Task Networks

Recently there were research works on multi-task estimation. However, there exists an issue that nodes may suffer from malicious attacks when sending data in the adversarial multi-task network environment. To address this issue, we propose a secure distributed information sharing algorithm based on attack detection. In our work, via determining an adaptive threshold, a distributed detection algorithm based on the correlation between tasks and a safe multi-task diffusion least mean square (SM-DLMS) algorithm are proposed, which not only reduce communication costs but also effectively decrease the impact of attacks. We also theoretically analyze the stability performance of the proposed SM-DLMS algorithm. Meanwhile, the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm under network-attacks are illustrated through numerical simulations.
Retardation of Tracers in Crystalline Rock Sorption and Matrix Diffusion of Alkali Metal and Alkaline Earth Metal Tracers in Laboratory and Field Experiments

The safety of geological repositories for radioactive or environmentally hazardous waste is dependent on several engineered and natural barriers. One of the natural barriers is the surrounding bedrock, in which water-conducting rock fractures may act as transport pathways in the event of a leakage from the engineered barriers. Radionuclides that are transported with the groundwater flow may be significantly retarded by sorption onto minerals and by diffusion into pores in the rock matrix and will thus have more time for radioactive decay. Thus the barrier function of the bedrock is of great importance in a safety assessment of geological repositories. The aim of this work was to gain greater understanding of the processes controlling the diffusive transport of some slightly to moderately sorbing tracers used in experiments at different size scales in heterogeneous crystalline rock. In this work, the sorption and diffusion behaviour of some selected radionuclides of the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals were studied. The experiments were performed at different scales ranging from crushed and intact rock specimens in the laboratory to in situ tracer migration experiments over a distance of about 5 m in a single fracture at the Aspo Hard Rock Laboratory in Sweden. Studies of the rock porosity and porosity distribution were included in the laboratory experiments. The results of the laboratory experiments were applied in modelling the field experiments. It was found that the relative order of sorption strength for the different tracers was consistent between experiments performed at the different scales. A solid phase size dependency in the absolute values of the sorption distribution coefficients was observed and interpreted in terms of induced sample disturbances. Deviations from an "ideally" fast and reversible sorption behaviour were indicated for some tracers in both the in situ and the laboratory experiments. Furthermore, rock heterogeneity was indicated to be of importance for the diffusion behaviour in the laboratory experiments, and the possible influence of these effects on the interpretation of the field experiments is discussed in this thesis. Transport modelling of the field experiments showed that diffusive mass transfer is required for the interpretation of the tracer breakthrough curves. However, more laboratory data on the diffusion properties in the fracture materials are needed to confirm the modelling results.
Survey Analysis: Enhancing the Security of Vectorization by Using word2vec and CryptDB

Article history: Received: 24 June, 2020 Accepted: 17 July, 2020 Online: 28 July, 2020 Vectorization is extracting data from strings through Natural Language Processing by using different approaches; one of the best approaches used in vectorization is word2vec. To make the vectorized data secure, we must apply a security method, which will be CryptDB. The paper is analyzing the survey, which is created to interview security engineers through the SPSS tool. By analyzing the responses from software security engineers, it is seen that both word2vec and CryptDB works significantly. Word2vec is an effective vectorization approach, while CryptDB is an effective, secure database. In future work, we will be developing a secure vectorization using both approaches.
IntKB: A Verifiable Interactive Framework for Knowledge Base Completion

Knowledge bases (KBs) are essential for many downstream NLP tasks, yet their prime shortcoming is that they are often incomplete. State-of-the-art frameworks for KB completion often lack sufficient accuracy to work fully automated without human supervision. As a remedy, we propose : a novel interactive framework for KB completion from text based on a question answering pipeline. Our framework is tailored to the specific needs of a human-in-the-loop paradigm: (i) We generate facts that are aligned with text snippets and are thus immediately verifiable by humans. (ii) Our system is designed such that it continuously learns during the KB completion task and, therefore, significantly improves its performance upon initial zero- and few-shot relations over time. (iii) We only trigger human interactions when there is enough information for a correct prediction. Therefore, we train our system with negative examples and a fold-option if there is no answer. Our framework yields a favorable performance: it achieves a hit@1 ratio of 29.7% for initially unseen relations, upon which it gradually improves to 46.2%.