Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Filtering of Noisy Parallel Corpora Based on Hypothesis Generation

The filtering task of noisy parallel corpora in WMT2019 aims to challenge participants to create filtering methods to be useful for training machine translation systems. In this work, we introduce a noisy parallel corpora filtering system based on generating hypotheses by means of a translation model. We train translation models in both language pairs: Nepali–English and Sinhala–English using provided parallel corpora. We select the training subset for three language pairs (Nepali, Sinhala and Hindi to English) jointly using bilingual cross-entropy selection to create the best possible translation model for both language pairs. Once the translation models are trained, we translate the noisy corpora and generate a hypothesis for each sentence pair. We compute the smoothed BLEU score between the target sentence and generated hypothesis. In addition, we apply several rules to discard very noisy or inadequate sentences which can lower the translation score. These heuristics are based on sentence length, source and target similarity and source language detection. We compare our results with the baseline published on the shared task website, which uses the Zipporah model, over which we achieve significant improvements in one of the conditions in the shared task. The designed filtering system is domain independent and all experiments are conducted using neural machine translation.
The DUNE-FEM-DG module.

In this paper we discuss the new publicly released Dune-Fem-DG module. This module provides highly ecient implementations of the Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method for solving a wide range of non linear partial dierential equations (PDE). The interfaces used are highly flexible and customizable, providing for example mechanisms for using distributed parallelization, local grid adaptivity with dynamic load balancing, and check pointing. We discuss methods for solving stationary problems as well as a matrix-free implementation for time dependent problems. Both parabolic and first order hyperbolic PDE are discussed in detail including models for compressible and incompressible flows, i.e., the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. For the spatial discretization a wide range of DG methods are implemented ranging from the standard interior penalty method to methods like LDG and CDG2. Upwinding numerical fluxes for first order terms are also available, including limiter bases stabilization for convection dominated PDEs. For the temporal discretization Runge-Kutta methods are used including higher order explicit, diagonally implicit and IMEX schemes. We discuss asynchronous communication, shared memory parallelization, and automated code generation which combined result in a high floating point performance of the code.
The Impact of Board Characteristics on Firms Financial Performance - Evidence from the Egyptian listed companies

-Board characteristics considered in this study include board size, presence of outside directors, CEO– Chairman duality and gender diversity on the board. Firm performance is measured by return on assets (ROA) and Tobin’s Q. This study includes firm age, firm size and industry type as control variables. The author tests the hypotheses on longitudinal sample of 70 firms over six-year period from 2005 until 2010. The sample includes the most active firms (EGX 100) on the Egyptian stock exchange. Empirical analysis is undertaken using pooled OLS and FGLS regressions after adopting the prerequisite tests and after detecting the absence of endogeneity between the variables. This study makes a number of contributions to the existing literature. First, it provides a better understanding of the overall picture of Egypt’s internal governance mechanisms
MIGRATION INTENTIONS OF YOUNG PROFESSIONALS IN OMSK REGION IN THE CONTEXT OF LABOR MARKET RELATIONSHIPS

Large government-owned corporations, holding companies and companies headquartered in Moscow, Saint Petersburg and administrative centers of federal districts play more and more critical part in the modern Russian economy. New job opportunities and high-paid jobs stimulate the movement of high-skilled employees from Russian regions to these centers. Workforce movement of that kind is a problem for donor regions and has negative social and economic consequences such as lack of qualified workforce on the labor market. This article is aimed to investigate migration preferences and intentions of young people in Omsk region, using the sociological methodology of measuring factors that affect migration attitudes. The main hypothesis of the study states that the most critical factors of migration intentions of young people are high salary, better career and educational opportunities available in other regions of the country. We used random quota sample that represents the percentage of young people in the general population of Omsk region proportionally. As a result of the study, the most common migration attitudes of young professionals are identified and described; factors affecting migration intentions are classified and described; conditions stimulating rise of migration intentions are identified.
Description of Gondraena gen.n. from South India and Madagascar and Davidraena gen.n. from South India (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae)

Two new genera, Gondraena gen.n. (South India, Madagascar) and Davidraena gen.n. (South India) and 5 new species, Gondraena indica sp.n. (South India), G. latipalpis sp.n. (South India), G. franti sp.n. (Madagascar), Davidraena boukali sp.n. (South India) and D. antennalis sp.n. (South India) are described. The two genera are obviously closely related. They are mainly distinguished by antenna] characters and the abdominal vestiture.
3 . 5 Use a Content Delivery Network to Lighten Your Server ’ s Load

The objective of this paper is to investigate and optimize the performance of web sites and take steps to improve the end-user experience. Taking site’s loading speed into consideration is still something we should really look for. Extensive literature is there on website popularity, content-based, collaborative or knowledge-based filtering etc but there has been a little work regarding performance optimization of individual website. Web site performance optimization checks for various referenced resources such as JavaScript, CSS, HTML status code, HTTP request, response time, DNS lookups etc. A key indicator of the performance of any web site is its referenced resources. Web applications need to be monitored in an objective manner to ensure optimal performance translating web performance to dollars and cents. As users are in hurry and don’t feel happy if their web site is responding slowly in several seconds. Hence the site is contingent to lose a lot of visitors. This paper purely illustrates the parameters by which web ecosystem can be improved. One website was created to measure parameters and impact of execution on the responsiveness of the website. The performance can be measured by sampling site on the basis of milliseconds a site takes to load and can also view time-based response that gives a fair idea of the performance of websites over a interval of time. If a constant degradation of performance is noticed, then necessary actions can be taken to improve it. By spiriting images, minifying JavaScript, CSS, zipped files and html tags the response and loading time of website has reduced to a great extinct. The performance can be evaluated by using tools which give details of resources and components on that web site. They give the option to understand how the site is loading with different global perspective, visitors, page size and Internet connection speeds. General Terms Measurement, performance, metrics, response time
SEMINAR: DERIVED CATEGORIES AND VARIATION OF GEOMETRIC INVARIANT THEORY QUOTIENTS

Bondal and Orlov’s study of the behaviour of the bounded derived category Db(X) of coherent sheaves on a smooth projective variety X under certain birational transformations (known as flips and flops) [4], lead to the hope that one may be able to detect minimal models of X as special subcategories of Db(X). Their work provided a surprising parallel between the minimal model program in birational geometry and semi-orthogonal decompositions of derived categories, and cemented the current point of view that problems in birational geometry should be studied using derived categories. Many of the examples of such birational transformations come from variation of geometric invariant theory quotients following work of Dolgachev and Hu [5] and Thaddeus [14]. More precisely, given a reductive group G acting on a smooth projective variety X, there is a wall and chamber decomposition on the cone of ample G-effective line bundles over X (up to homological equivalence) such that for two G-linearisations L+ and L− in chambers on opposite sides of a wall L0 with good properties (see [3, Definition 4.1.4]), the GIT quotients X//L+G and X//L−G are related by an explicit birational transformation known as a VGIT flip. One can thus expect the derived categories of these GIT quotients to be related to each other by semiorthogonal decompositions. By work of Ballard-Favero-Katzarkov [3] and Halpern-Leistner [9] this expectation holds provided one replaces the GIT quotients X//L±G by the stack quotients [X(L±)/G] (if G acts freely on the GIT semistable loci X(L±), then these two quotients coincide). An application of this result is discussed in [2], where the aim is to prove homological mirror symmetry for toric stacks and their Landau-Ginzburg mirrors by using the GIT fan associated to a toric stack to produce a run of the Mori program in order to produce degenerations to the boundary of the moduli space of such Landau-Ginzburg models. The goal of this seminar is to understand the work of [3, 9] describing the relationship between Db([Xss(L)/G]) as L varies in terms of semi-orthogonal decompositions. We start by first reviewing the necessary prerequisites (quotient stacks, equivariant sheaves, derived categories and semi-orthogonal decompositions, variation of geometric invariant theory quotients), before moving on the proof of this result. We will primarily follow exposition given in [3].
The use of JERS-1 data for environment modeling , resources assessment and deforestation detection in Amazônia .

This paper presents an updated report of the Brazilian experience on the use of JERS-1 data as an information source for biomass estimation, land use / land cover characterization and delineation of different habitats in Amazônia. Primary and secondary forest and savanna biomass measurements were acquired in Acre and Roraima, respectively, and their values were related to JERS-1 backscatter. JERS-1 texture was used to improve land cover mapping accuracy in Tapajós, (Pará State) and the State of Rondônia. Floodplain habitats were mapped in Monte Alegre Lake (northeast of Brazilian Amazônia) with the joint use of JERS-1 and Radarsat images. Also the use of JERS_1 to detect deforestation, and a comparison with operational methods, is discussed
CREI Working Paper no. 6/2015 ITALIAN PUBLIC GUARANTEES TO SME: THE IMPACT ON REGIONAL GROWTH By Marusca De Castris Roma Tre, University of Rome

The paper evaluates the effects of the Central Guarantee Fund on the economic growth of the Italian provinces. There are few works in literature showing a moderate positive effect of CGF on subsidized firms. In this paper the evaluation question is different, and concerns the overall effect of CGF on a regional economy: does the CGF actually support territorial development, taking into account crowding out and spillover effects between treated and not treated firms? We evaluate if an increase of guarantees, issued by the CGF, has been associated with employment or businesses growth in the area. The challenge of the empirical analysis is to capture macro effects of CGF, when its intervention covered on average only 3% of companies and 0.5% of funding at the provincial level. Using different models based on a “long” DID approach, the results suggest that there is a positive and statistically significant, albeit modest, correlation between the use of CGF and the growth of the provincial economies, controlling for sectoral differences, dimensional characteristics and several interactions. These results are robust to different assumptions, estimation strategies and variables used. Our findings therefore indicate that the intervention has mitigated the negative regional effects of the recent economic crisis in Italy. JEL codes: G28, R11, H81
Towards Mobile Touch Screen Inclusive User Interfaces : Differences and Resemblances between Motor-Impaired and Able-Bodied Users

Touch screen mobile devices are highly flexible and customizable, allowing designers to create inclusive user interfaces that are accessible to a broader user population. However, the knowledge to provide this new generation of user interfaces is yet to be uncovered. Our goal is to thoroughly study mobile touch interfaces, thus providing the tools for informed design. We present an evaluation performed with 15 tetraplegic and 18 able-bodied people that allowed us to identify their main similarities and differences within a set of interaction techniques (Tapping, Crossing, and Directional Gesturing) and parameterizations. Results show that despite the expected error rate disparity, there are clear resemblances, thus enabling the development of inclusive touch interfaces. Tapping, a traditional interaction technique, was among the most effective for both target populations, along with Crossing. The main difference concerns Directional Gesturing that in spite of its unconstrained nature shows to be inaccurate for motor impaired users.
RTM Stacking Results for Machine Translation Performance Prediction

We obtain new results using referential translation machines with increased number of learning models in the set of results that are stacked to obtain a better mixture of experts prediction. We combine features extracted from the word-level predictions with the sentence- or document-level features, which significantly improve the results on the training sets but decrease the test set results.
ROPIVACAINE AND ROPIVACAINE WITH CLONIDINE IN EPIDURAL BLOCK FOR UROLOGICAL SURGERIES-A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Background: Epidural anaesthetic techniques are commonly used for various operative procedures, obstetric analgesia, postoperative pain and chronic pain management. Due to similar analgesic properties, lesser motor blockade and decreased cardiotoxic tendency ropivacaine is increasingly used instead of bupivacaine now a days. Clonidine has been frequently used as an adjunct to local anesthetics because it improves the quality of anesthesia, reduces the dose requirement of the anesthetic agent and provides a more stable cardiovascular course. In this study we included 60 patients undergoing various endoscopic urological surgeries like TURP, URS, OIU and cystoscopy procedures. Material and Methods: Patients were randomly divided in two groups. R-Group: 30 patients received 0.5% ropivacaine 18 ml. RC-Group: 30 patients received 0.5% ropivacaine 18 ml with clonidine 60 μg. Pre-op and intra-op, haemodynamic parameters, onset of block, duration of sensory block and side effects was observed and recorded. Results: Onset of block was faster along with duration of analgesia was significantly longer in RC-group. The objective evidence of block like mean arterial pressure, heart rate, also showed significant change in RC-group. The quality of analgesia was better in RC-group. Level of sedation, side effects were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Clonidine as an adjunct to Ropivacaine by epidural injection improves and augments the onset of block, reduces heart rate and blood pressure. It also prolong the duration and the quality of analgesia, with no more side effects like nausea vomiting and sedation.
Response to the referee Ellis Remsberg

A multilinear parametric regression analysis was performed to assess the seasonal and inter-annual variations of stratospheric ozone profiles from the GROMOS (GROund-based Millimeter-wave Ozone Spectrometer) microwave radiometer at Bern, Switzerland (46.95◦N, 7.44◦E, 577 m). GROMOS takes part in the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). The study covers the stratosphere from 50 to 0.5 hPa (from 21 to 53 km) and extends over the period from January 1997 to January 2015. The natural variability was fitted during the regression analysis through the annual 5 and semi-annual oscillations (AO, SAO), the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the solar activity cycle. Seasonal ozone variations mainly appear as an annual cycle in the middle and upper stratosphere and a semi-annual cycle in the upper stratosphere. Regarding the inter-annual variations, they are primarily present in the lower and middle stratosphere. In the lower and middle stratosphere ozone variations are controlled predominantly by transport processes, due to the long lifetime of ozone whereas in the upper stratosphere its lifetime is relatively short and ozone is controlled 10 mainly by photochemistry. The present study shows agreement in the observed naturally induced ozone signatures with other studies. Further, we present an overview of the possible causes of the effects observed in stratospheric ozone due to natural oscillations at a northern mid-latitude station. For instance regarding the SAO, we find that polar winter stratopause warmings contribute to the strength of this oscillation since these temperature enhancements lead to a reduction in upper stratospheric ozone. We have detected a strong peak amplitude of about 5% for the solar cycle in lower stratospheric ozone for our 1.5 15 cycles of solar activity. Though the 11-year ozone oscillation above Bern is in phase with the solar cycle, we suppose that the strong amplitude is partly due to meteorological disturbances and associated ozone anomalies in the Northern hemisphere. Further, our observational study gave the result that ozone above Bern is anti-correlated to the ENSO phenomenon in the lower stratosphere and correlated in the middle stratosphere.
POSTCRANIAL PALAEONEUROLOGY PROVIDE INSIGHT INTO PTEROSAUR BEHAVIOUR AND LIFESTYLE ? NEW DATA FROM THE AZHDARCHOID VECTIDRACO

The postcranial palaeoneurology of fossil reptiles is understudied, and those studies that exist focus predominantly on crocodyliforms and dinosaurs. The intervertebral foramina of the spine house nerves that exit to innervate surrounding tissues and the extremities. In the heavily fused (and typically distorted or poorly preserved) pterosaurian sacrum, intervertebral foramina can be difficult to observe and are rarely identified. The Early Cretaceous azhdarchoid Vectidraco from the Isle of Wight, UK, exhibits large, paired foramina on each sacral vertebra, originally identified as pneumatic foramina. Micro-computed tomography imaging reveals these communicate with the neural canal and are intervertebral foramina for sacral nerves. The sacral vertebrae of Vectidraco are fused, and intervertebral foramina occur dorsolaterally on the centra. We identified these structures in other pterosaur sacra, including those of the ornithocheiroids Anhanguera and Coloborhynchus. The sizes of the sacral and notarial neural canals are compared and considered within interpretations of palaeoecology and locomotion, following previous studies. The relatively large sacral neural canal of Vectidraco implies a sacral enlargement for innervation of the legs and lumbosacral plexus. When compared with Anhanguera, this supports indications that azhdarchoids were more hindlimb-proficient than ornithocheiroids. Neural canal size in the Coloborhynchus notarium suggests that ornithocheirids spent less time on the ground, their brachial enlargement and small sacral region indicating enhanced innervation of the wings and poor innervation of the sacrum and legs. This is the first study focusing on pterosaur postcranial palaeoneurology; more studies on other taxa are needed to reveal patterns across Pterosauria as a whole.
Building English-to-Serbian Machine Translation System for IMDb Movie Reviews

This paper reports the results of the first experiment dealing with the challenges of building a machine translation system for user-generated content involving a complex South Slavic language. We focus on translation of English IMDb user movie reviews into Serbian, in a low-resource scenario. We explore potentials and limits of (i) phrase-based and neural machine translation systems trained on out-of-domain clean parallel data from news articles (ii) creating additional synthetic in-domain parallel corpus by machine-translating the English IMDb corpus into Serbian. Our main findings are that morphology and syntax are better handled by the neural approach than by the phrase-based approach even in this low-resource mismatched domain scenario, however the situation is different for the lexical aspect, especially for person names. This finding also indicates that in general, machine translation of person names into Slavic languages (especially those which require/allow transcription) should be investigated more systematically.
Modeling Ontology and Semantic Network of Regulations in Customs and Excise

Regulations in customs and Excise have an important function in regulating legally every policy and decision making. Thus, the type of rules are made varies according to the hierarchy of the regulator. This regulation is also changing, following policy developments that occured in the higgest government. then, what if this organization has not been able to manage its regulatory archiving? even regulatory changes can not be tracked? So, we need a well-organized system that can accomodate all of the rules and the associated changes and connectedness with other type of regulations. This system will help us to provide convenience to users to search, manage and track the history of changes as well as the relationship between the rules used by the organization. This paper propose the design of an ontology-based semantic network using a graph database that use neo4j 2.3. 1 as a solution. In the application that uses the sample data, we found 13 types of nodes that contains 242 child nodes and 22 type of relation that contain 548 relation that connect all the node within 3305ms.
Story Visualization via NLP and Word Clouds Emergent Research Forum ( ERF )

This paper describes the use of two open source software libraries for extracting meaning from a story– like textual narrative and displaying it in an intuitive and interactive manner to users via a set of word cloud visualizations. The first library is Stanford’s CoreNLP, a Java API that provides natural language processing services such as sentence recognition, tokenizing, parts-of-speech identification, dependency parsing, named entity recognition, and coreference resolution. The second is D3, a JavaScript API built on scalable vector graphics which provides powerful data visualization capabilities. The paper presents an application that uses CoreNLP to extract key story elements from a body of text (subjects, actions, objects, places, times, and other contextual features), and uses D3 to display these elements and their interactions in an integrated and interactive set of word clouds.