Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of a Functional Mixed-Starter Culture for Kefir Fermentation

Kefir, which originates in the Caucasian mountains, is a cultured milk beverage produced by a combination of acidic and alcoholic fermentation. Kefir products are commonly used as food vehicles to deliver health-promoting materials including kefran and lactic acid bacteria to consumers. The aim of this study was to develop a freeze-dried starter culture without yeast and assess the suitability of kefir-like dairy products for the growth of lactic acid bacteria and the acidification of milk. Pasteurized whole milk (SNF 8.5%) stored at 25°C was aseptically inoculated with starter cultures (0.002% w/v); it was kept at 25°C until the pH attained a value of 4.6. Ten grams of the kefir-like product sample was diluted with 90 mL of 0.15% peptone water diluent in a milk dilution bottle, followed by uniform mixing for 1 min. Viable cells of Lactobacillus species were enumerated on modified-MRS agar (pH 5.2), with incubation at 37°C for 48 h. Viable cells of Lactococcus species were enumerated on M17-lactose agar, with incubation at 32°C for 48 h. The pH attained a value of 4.6 after fermentation for 9 h 30 min (Starter 1), 9 h 45 min (Starter 2), and 12 h (Starter 3). The viable cell count of Lactobacillus sp. and Lactococcus sp. was initially 10∼10 CFU/g; it increased significantly to 10 CFU/g after 12 h of incubation. During the storage of the kefir-like products at 4°C for 1 4 days, the total viable cell numbers were unchanged, but the pH decreased slightly. The consistency of the kefir products increased gradually during the storage. The organoleptic properties of the kefir products fermented using the new starter culture are more desirable than those of commercial kefir. These results suggest that the newly developed starter culture without yeast could be suitable for kefir fermentation.
Malware Behaviour Analysis and Classification via Windows DLL and System Call

Malware is refers to programs that purposely exploit computer systems’ vulnerabilities for harmful purposes. It may be categorized by identifying whether it needs a host program to function and whether it makes copies of itself. Malware is an instance of malicious code with the purpose to disrupt the function of system and has potential to destruct a computer or network [1]. Nowadays, computer malware has become more sophisticated, using advanced code obfuscation technique to resist antivirus detection. Classification of malware samples plays an important part in building and maintaining security. The style of a malware classification system capable of supporting an oversized set of samples and adaptable to model changes at runtime is needed to spot the high range of malware variants. It is a supervised learning technique that created a proper model that may justify class and sort out information into correspondent options based. The advantage of classification is it acceptable of the many individuals since heap of researcher using classification. Next, classification method is quicker and it more accurate.
Effect of stocking density and feeding regime on larval growth, survival, and larval development of Japanese flounder,
 Paralichthys olivaceus
 , using live feeds

This research examined the effect of initial stocking density and feeding regime on larval growth and survival of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Larval rearing trials were conducted in nine 50‐L tanks with different initial stocking densities combined with different feed rations (20 larvae/L with standard feed ration [LD], 80 larvae/L with standard feed ration [HD], and 80 larvae/L with four times the standard feed ration [HD+]). Larvae were stocked on 0 days posthatch (DPH) following hatching of the fertilized embryos. Larval total length (TL), survival rates, and final densities were observed on larval settlement (32 DPH) to evaluate larval rearing performance. At 32 DPH, there were no significant differences (p > .05) in TL or survival rates between the LD (46.5 ± 17.0%) and HD+ (40.3 ± 9.4%). The TL and survival rate of HD (23.1 ± 3.5%) were significantly lower than that of LD and HD+ (p < .05). However, the larval density of HD was significantly higher than that of LD (p < .05). HD+ achieved the best larvae production (32.27 ± 7.51 larvae/L), supported by sufficient food source, high water exchange, and proper water quality management (routine siphoning, surface skimming). The larval‐rearing protocols and larval development from hatching to metamorphosis is described in detail, with corresponding photographs taken during the experiment.
Investigation of protein-protein interactions: multibody docking, association/dissociation kinetics and macromolecular crowding

Protein-protein interactions are central to understanding how cells carry out their wide array of functions and metabolic procedures. Conventional studies on specific protein interactions focus either on details of one-to-one binding interfaces, or on large networks that require a priori knowledge of binding strengths. Moreover, specific protein interactions, occurring within a crowded macromolecular environment, which is precisely the case for interactions in a real cell, are often under-investigated. A macromolecular simulation package, called BioSimz, has been developed to perform Langevin dynamics simulations on multiple protein-protein interactions at atomic resolution, aimed at bridging the gaps between structural, kinetic and crowding studies on protein-protein interactions. Simulations on twenty-seven experimentally determined protein-protein interactions, indicated that the use of contact frequency information of proteins forming specific encounters can guide docking algorithms towards the most likely binding regions. Further evidence from eleven benchmarked protein interactions showed that the association rate constant of a complex, kon, can be estimated, with good agreement to experimental values, based on the retention time of its specific encounter. Performing these simulations with ten types of environmental protein crowders, it suggests, from the change of kon, that macromolecular crowding improves the association kinetics of slower-binding proteins, while it damps the association kinetics of fast, electrostatics-driven protein-protein interactions. It is hypothesised, based on evidence from docking, kinetics and crowding, that the dynamics of specific protein-protein encounters is vitally important in determining their association affinity. There are multiple factors by which encounter dynamics, and subsequently the kon, can be influenced, such as anchor residues, long-range forces, and environmental steering via crowders’ electrostatics and/or volume exclusion. The capacity of emulating these conditions on a common platform not only provides a holistic view of interacting dynamics, but also offers the possibility of evaluating and engineering protein-protein interactions from aspects that have never been opened before.
Insecticide resistance in mosquitoes: Development, mechanisms and monitoring

Mosquito-borne diseases are of major public health concerns, mainly in tropical countries. Control of these diseases is primarily achieved through mosquito control. One of the major challenges encountered by mosquito control programmes is the development of resistance to insecticides by mosquitoes. Increased detoxifying activity through over expression of insect metabolic enzymes and altered target sites with decreased sensitivity to insecticides are the two major mechanisms of resistance. This review article presents our knowledge on development of insecticide resistance and the underlying biochemical and molecular mechanisms of resistance to major classes of insecticides. Techniques available to monitor resistance and to understand the underlying mechanisms are also discussed.
An analytic solution of the uncoupled multi-agent model and its benefit through optimal control system with attractor and repellant

This paper gives the analytic solution of the uncoupled multi-agent model. This solution describes the optimal path of each agent. In this exposition, the optimal control approach is used to model uncoupled multi-agent swarm with attractor and repellant. The special functional cost contains repellent cost functional is used to guarantee each agent never collides one to the others. The attractor term in the special functional cost makes each agent never mover far away to the others. This paper also gives the benefit of the agents moves in the multi-agent system.
José Jerónimo Triana: biografía como herramienta de divulgación científica y de enseñanza de las ciencias naturales en el aula de clase

Este trabajo final tuvo como objetivo disenar una estrategia que permita un acercamiento a la botanica desde una perspectiva historica, tanto en el aula como con el publico en general, usando como hilo conductor la quina y la biografia de Jose Jeronimo Triana, importante botanico de la Comision Corografica de la Republica de la Nueva Granada (1850 – 1859). Para lograrlo se planteo una metodologia de estudio de caso en tres etapas. Inicialmente se hizo una revision de documentos antiguos de la Biblioteca Nacional obteniendo como producto un texto de divulgacion presentado en la exposicion “Cinchona spp: herbario medicinal de la Nueva Granada” en este mismo lugar. En el aula, se recolectaron datos por medio de pruebas diagnosticas y entrevistas realizadas a estudiantes de 6 a 8 anos del grado primero, con el fin de conocer su vision frente a las personas que hacen ciencia, e identificar sus saberes previos frente a las plantas. Asi, se encontro que los estudiantes tienen una vision altamente influenciada por los medios de comunicacion, igualmente, presentaron dificultades para reconocer a las plantas como seres vivos, clasificarlas segun su forma e identificar el proceso de crecimiento de la planta. De acuerdo a estos hallazgos, se planteo una secuencia didactica con la vida de Triana como hilo conductor, basada en aprendizaje significativo, dando un contexto historico y de aplicacion a los nuevos conceptos.
Characterizing cold pool interactions over land with observational data from the Netherlands

<p>When precipitation evaporates in a sub-saturated boundary layer, it cools the air and produces dense downdrafts, which flow towards the surface and can spread horizontally as a gust front. These spreading &#8220;cold pools&#8221; (CPs) can trigger convection and thus new precipitation events due to dynamical and thermodynamical lifting mechanisms. Due to their role in the local organization of convection, CP properties are currently being studied with the use of high-resolution numerical simulations. Measurement campaigns have been conducted over the ocean to validate the models. However, fewer studies have specifically targeted cold pools over land. </p><p>We use the observational network of the Netherlands (meteorological stations and radar) to study CPs developing from summer convection and their role in triggering new convective events over land. Detailed information about CP gust fronts in terms of temperature, wind speed, heat fluxes, moisture and pressure at high vertical resolution is obtained from time series, measured at the 213-meter Cabauw tower. We aim to create an algorithm that detects the passage of a CP from the tower time series to automatize the finding of CPs from a point measurement. To confirm the results, we have access to temperature time series from a spatially dense crowdsourcing weather station network (WOW-NL). </p><p>The properties of the detected CPs are further studied with imagery from the Herwijnen Doppler radar, situated in proximity to the Cabauw tower. We can see clear signatures of spreading CPs in reflectivity plots, probably caused by the upwelling of dust and insects in the gust front. We currently explore how this can serve as a direct way of visualizing the dynamics of CPs and their collisions. </p><p>With enough observations of CPs, we expect to learn more about the CP spreading velocity and lifetime in dependence of precipitation intensity of the generating precipitation cell and eventually triggered cell. This link will help gain more insight into the role of CPs in organizing convection over land. </p>
Expresión exógena de telomerasa humana (hTERT) en células madre mesenquimales derivadas de tejido adiposo humano (A-MSC) como una estrategia para la obtención de líneas celulares

Las celulas madre mesenquimales (MSCs) son celulas multipotenciales de tipo adulto localizadas en multiples tejidos como el adiposo y la medula osea. Se ha demostrado ampliamente su utilidad en la terapia celular y medicina regenerativa. Una de las alternativas mas prometedoras en este campo es el uso de los factores paracrinos secretados por las celulas madre, conocidos como secretoma, los cuales estimulan la regeneracion celular y la angiogenesis y disminuyen la inflamacion y otros mecanismos como la apoptosis. Los cultivos primarios de las celulas mesenquimales se ven marcados principalmente por la limitada esperanza de vida, la variabilidad fenotipica dependiente del donante y de los metodos de obtencion y cultivo, el desarrollo de senescencia despues de 20 - 30 duplicaciones de la poblacion y cambios en la expresion genetica con disminucion en la tasa de proliferacion a medida que se aumentan los subcultivos, por lo que el secretoma obtenido a partir de estos puede presentar variabilidad e implica obtencion constante de muestras y la renovacion periodica del cultivo primario. Una estrategia para algunos de estos problemas es la generacion de lineas celulares de las MSCs. En este trabajo se genero la expresion exogena de telomerasa humana (hTERT) a partir de una transduccion lentiviral como estrategia para prolongar la esperanza de vida celular y establecer lineas celulares de A-MSC, sin embargo se observo que las celulas no logran inmortalizarse con este proceso y que adicional su ciclo celular se vio afectado por la expresion de hTERT, causando la detencion de la proliferacion incluso en pases tempranos, se propone entonces la utilizacion de oncogenes para la inmortalizacion que permitan la regulacion del ciclo celular, para asi mitigar el efecto deletereo de la telomeasa en las celulas.
Automated Detection and Mitigation of Inefficient Visual Searching Using Electroencephalography and Machine Learning

Cognitive biases negatively affect the human decision-making process and can result in a sub-optimal outcome. Decisions made during the high-stress and fast-paced operations of the military are extremely prone to cognitive biases. One cognitive bias is known as confirmation bias. Confirmation bias, or the inappropriate bolstering of an unknown hypothesis whose truth is in question, can gravely impact a key component of military operations: a visual search. A visual search is a type of search where the operator must perform a visual scan of an environment for a specific object or feature while ignoring other distracting objects or features. In order to perform a visual search quickly, operators will often fall back upon prior knowledge of a situation. However, falling back upon prior knowledge can have ill effects if that prior knowledge is biased. Thus, for military operators to safely and effectively perform their jobs, it’s necessary to detect biases that could arise during a visual search. While there are currently successful mitigation techniques for a confirmation bias, there exists little research into successfully and consistently mitigating a confirmatory, or an inefficient, visual search. This work investigates possible ways both to detect and to mitigate confirmation biases in a visual search. In this study, the Efficient Search Experiment (ESE) was completed by 16 participants. The ESE elicited inefficient Visual Search Patterns (VSPs) while both behavioral and physiological data was collected. Various mitigation techniques were employed throughout the experiment to encourage efficient VSPs. The effects of the mitigation techniques on the number of efficient searches performed were examined. Efficient VSPs significantly increased the accuracy of a visual search and also decreased the time it took find the target. The mitigation techniques of a “nudge”
Estimación de los coeficientes de regresión en áreas pequeñas utilizando valores plausibles en muestras probabilísticas

Los disenos de muestreo nacionales tienen por objetivo asegurar que las inferencias de totales y tasas para los niveles de agregacion nacional, regional y departamental puedan ser obtenidas con una precision preestablecida. Sin embargo, cuando se hacen desagregaciones de la poblacion en dominios no planeados estas precisiones pueden verse afectadas. Por lo tanto, haciendo uso de inferencias basadas en modelos es posible obtener una prediccion de los parametros de interes en estos dominios. Ahora, cuando se desea explicar la relacion lineal de la variable Y con las covariables X's, en dominios no planeados y las cuales presentan informacion perdida en los dominios planeados hizo necesario proponer una metodologia donde es posible emplear los valores plausibles para estimar los coeficientes que relacionan a Y y X; para luego emplear estas estimaciones como insumo de las inferencias basadas en modelos y obtener una prediccion de los coeficientes en los dominios no planeados.
Developmental biology of heterodera glycines (soybean cyst nematode) and other plant - parasitic nematodes

Many parasites regulate their development to synchronize their life cycle with a compatible host. The parasitic nematode Heterodera glycines displays incomplete host-mediated hatching behavior wherein some H. glycines individuals hatch only in the presence of a hostderived cue while others hatch in water alone. Furthermore, H. glycine shows variable hatching behavior based on oviposition location. The mechanisms regulating this hatching variability are unknown. In this study, we established a detailed timeline of the H. glycines pre-hatch development from early embryogenesis to the pre-hatched J2. These descriptive data were then used to test hypotheses regarding the effect of environment on pre-hatch development. We found that H. glycines develops from a single-cell egg to a fully formed J2 in approximately 172 hours. The stylet-based mouthpart, which is used to pierce the eggshell during hatching, is not completely formed until late in pre-hatch J2 development and is preceded in development by the stylet protractor muscles. We also found that the primary motor nervous system of H. glycines did not complete development until late in pre-hatch J2 development. These data suggest possible structural requirements for H. glycines hatching. As expected, exposure of H. glycines eggs to host-derived cues increased the percentage of nematodes that hatched. However, exposure to hatching cues did not affect pre-hatch development. Similarly, we found no obvious differences in the pre-hatch developmental timelines between eggs laid in an egg sac or retained within the mother. The pattern of early embryonic development in H. glycines was very similar to that recently described in the related parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita. However, the speed of H. glycines development was approximately three times faster than recently reported for
Changes in Bat Community Composition and Activity Patterns Across a Conservation-Agriculture Boundary

Agricultural landscapes are typically associated with a decreased biodiversity, particularly when they extend across large spatial scales. Despite the fact that some African bat species seem to provide essential ecosystem services across landscapes, we only have a limited understanding of how intensive agricultural practices influence bat communities. This study investigated the effects of sugarcane monoculture on the composition of both bat species and functional groups across a conservation-agricultural matrix. Specifically, we wanted to understand changes in the bat communities within savannas and sugarcane plantations. We categorised bats into broad foraging (functional) groups based on their echolocation call structure: open-air; clutter-edge; and, clutter. To measure bat activity, we established twelve 25 ha grids randomly located in savanna and sugarcane vegetation. Within each grid we placed nine acoustic detectors, in 3 × 3 formation, 250 m apart; totalling 54 plots in each land use. We sampled each plot over four nights (two in the wet season and two in the dry season) during a one-year period. We did not observe a significant difference in species richness between savanna and sugarcane. However, there was a difference in functional group composition. Sugarcane negatively affected clutter foragers; this group was practically absent here despite occurring within neighbouring savannas. We observed distinct patterns of seasonality in bat activity, with activity of all functional groups being reduced in the dry season.
GENOME-WIDE CHARACTERIZATION AND ANALYSIS OF SBP TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR FAMILY IN COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.)

SQUAMOSA promoter binding proteins (SBPs) are considered as being a major family of plant-specific transcription factors which plays an important role in flower improvement process. To discover SBP genes in common bean [Phaseolus vulgaris (L.)] genome, in silico analysis methods were carried out in this study. Twenty-three members of Pvul-SBP gene family were identified from common bean genome. A phylogenetic tree drawn using SPB proteins of Phaseolus vulgaris, Arabidopsis thaliana and Glycine max was separated into three main groups (A, B, and C). The C group was clustered into nine subclades. The chromosome locations of Pvul-SBP genes showed that Pvul-SBP-1/Pvul-SBP-6, PvulSBP-2/Pvul-SBP-16, Pvul-SBP-5/Pvul-SBP-14 and Pvul-SBP-9/Pvul-SBP-15 gene couples were segmentally-duplicated. Also, orthologue genes were defined using SBP proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana and Glycine max. The expression levels of Pvul-SBP genes in different plant tissues such as roots, leaf and floral organs showed some of Pvul-SBP genes were up or down regulated in certain tissue types. The results of this research would provide the estimation of the evolutionary relationships between SBP genes in various plants such as P. vulgaris, G. max and A. thaliana.
Abiotic reduction of aquifer materials by dithionite: A promising in-situ remediation technology

Laboratory batch and column experiments were conducted with Hanford sediments to develop the capability to predict (1) the longevity of dithionite in these systems, (2) its efficiency as a reductant of structural iron, and (3) the longevity and reactivity of the reduced iron with soluble inorganic and organic species. After an initial induction period, the loss of dithionite by disproportionation and oxidation could be described by pseudo-first-order (PFO) kinetics. Other than the initial reaction with ferric iron, the primary factor promoting loss of dithionite in this system was disproportion nation via heterogeneous catalysis at mineral surfaces. The efficiency of the reduction of structural iron was nearly 100% for the first fourth of the ferric iron, but declined exponentially with higher degrees of reduction so that 75% of the ferric iron could be reduced. This decrease in reduction efficiency probably was related to differences in the accessibility of ferric iron in the mineral particles, with iron in clay-sized particles being the most accessible and that in silt- and sand-sized particles less accessible. Flow-through column studies showed that a reduced-sediment barrier created in this manner could maintain a reducing environment.