Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of dis-bond between honeycomb and composite facesheet of an Inner Fixed Structure bond panel of a jet engine nacelle using infrared thermographic techniques

ABSTRACT The Inner Fixed Structure (IFS) bond panel is a honeycomb sandwich panel with CFRP facesheet and a heat shield on one side, and a perforated CFRP facesheet on the other side, of a jet engine nacelle. It is subjected to extreme temperature on both sides which damages the inner epoxy adhesive bond between the facesheet and the honeycomb core. Accessibility to this layer for non-destructive evaluation is extremely challenging using conventional methods. This work proposes active thermography techniques such as flash thermography and induction thermography for accessing the inner layer. The infrared camera utilises the perforations in the facesheet of the IFS bond panel, which is used for attenuating the engine noise, for imaging the defects. However, flash thermography requires the removal of the thermal insulation layer for the inspection, whereas induction thermography can be performed without any modifications to the structure. The minimum detectable dis-bond size using these techniques is restricted to the spacing between the perforations on the facesheet. A numerical model has developed for induction thermography to optimise the excitation frequency that can produce reasonable thermal contrast at the inner facesheet and minimum temperature rise on the intermediate stainless-steel thin sheet that covers the thermal insulation layer.
Effect of Lights and Colors on the Environmental Perception and Legibility Using Augmented Reality Technology

: One’s cognitive perception of the environs is in direct relationship with their subjective mental image of the surroundings. Various elements influence the perception and legibility of the environment before human mind. Among these elements are the light and color of the environs. The question is which light or color spectrum is capable of heightening the legibility and spatial percep tion of the given environment for users. Considering that, the aim of the present study is first to examine the effect of lights and col ors on the legibility rate of interior spaces, and then, to identify the reasons users have chosen them. To this end, authors have used augmented reality technology to simulate a variety of environments based on different light and color parameters. A group of 120 students from the Faculty of Art and Architecture of Islamic Azad University, West Tehran Branch, collaborated with the authors to carry out the study. For the purpose of the experiment, the interior of the faculty building was simulated using 3D software and was put through experience and evaluation by using augmented reality technology. Eventually, the students were asked to select those environments they deemed as featuring more perception and legibility than others. The participants’ spatial perception was tested by assigning the type of the environment as the dependent variable. Color, light, and gender were examined as the independent vari -ables. Chi-square test was used to determine the difference between the frequencies of the environments selected by the participants. Results showed that neutral color was more attractive than the other two color spaces. There was no significant difference between three color spaces in terms of guidance and invitation. Generally, the participants preferred neutral color over the other two colors. In other words, neutral color was better perceived than the other two because of its greater attractiveness.
Optimal weighted fusion Kalman estimator for the incremental system with correlated noises

When the observation equation of system has not been verified or corrected under certain environmental conditions, applying it will yield to unknown system error and filtering error. The unknown system error can be effectively eliminated by introducing the incremental equation. In this article, the local Kalman estimator for the incremental system with correlated noises is first presented. It solves the state estimation problem for the system with unknown measurement error, which does not meet the requirements of classical Kalman filter. Furthermore, under the linear minimum variance optimal fusion criterion, the optimal weighted measurement fusion Kalman estimator is proposed for the multi‐sensor incremental system with correlated noises. It effectively solves the state estimation problem for the multi‐sensor system under poor observation condition. The proposed algorithms are simple in form and small in computational burden so as to be easily applied in engineering practice. A simulation example shows their effectiveness and feasibility.
Tratamento de mudas de bananeira Prata Anã com o fungo Pochonia chlamydosporia visando proteção contra o nematoide das galhas Meloidogyne javanica

vi INTRODUÇÃO. 1 MATERIAL E MÉTODOS. 5 1. 1Obtenção do inóculo de Meloidogyne javanica . 5 1.2Preparo da concentração do fungo Pochonia chlamydosporia à base do isolado Pc-10 . 5 1.3Preparo de mudas micropropagadas . 5 1. 4Condução do experimento em casa de vegetação. 6 1.5Delineamento Experimental e Análise Estatística. 9 1. 6Análise da colonização endofítica em raízes de banana.8 RESULTADOS.9 DISCUSSÃO. 12 CONCLUSÃO. 15 REFERÊNCIA. 24
Multiplex Real-Time PCR with HRM for Detection of Lactobacillus sakei and Lactobacillus curvatus in Food Samples

SUMMARY Optimization of fermentation processes requires monitoring the species composition of starter cultures and their growth during fermentation. Most starter cultures contain closely related species. Nowadays, high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis is extensively used for multiplex identification of closely related species. In the present paper, we applied real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with HRM analysis for the detection and differentiation of Lactobacillus sakei and L. curvatus. A primer pair was selected for the site of the rpoA gene of Lactobacillus spp. Eleven starter cultures and fifteen fermented sausages with a known bacterial composition were successfully tested using real-time PCR with HRM analysis with the developed primer pair.
Addressing the challenges to electric vehicle adoption via sharing economy: an Indian perspective

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the challenges before India for electric vehicle (EV) adoption by 2030. The study further looks into the measures taken by the Government of India (GOI) to promote research and development in EV sector and what is yet to be done.Design/methodology/approachIn the present study, the challenges are identified allied to the commercialization of EVs in India. The data are collected, analyzed and compiled through secondary sources. The secondary data give a concise insight and comprehensive information regarding what is occurring around the globe as well as in the Indian context. Further, the challenges are investigated through a focus group study consisting of 11 participants from industry and academia.FindingsThe findings from the study are the critical roles of sharing economy and public utilities in the promotion of EV adoption, given the high cost of EV, lack of infrastructure and poor purchasing power of Indian customers. The sharing economy perspective provides various opportunities for the government to manage the resources (electric-powered transport system) optimally. Further, the study compares the global perspective in assigning the target figures.Research limitations/implicationsThe study highlights the facilitating role of the shared format in EV technology promotion but ignores the hurdles that can come in its implementations. Also, the focus group study has its limitation as it relies more on participants' perceptions and opinions.Originality/valueThe present study assists GOI and various stakeholders in having a realistic plan rather than daydreaming with overambitious goals. The diffusion of technology as a shared format (especially in the context of EV) has not been academically approached in the past literature.
First-Principles Study on the Photoelectric Properties of CsGeI3 under Hydrostatic Pressure

CsGeI3 has been widely studied as an important photoelectric material. Based on the density functional theory (DFT), we use first-principles to study the photoelectric properties of CsGeI3 by applying successive hydrostatic pressure. It has been found that CsGeI3 has an optimal optical band gap value of 1.37 eV when the applied pressure is −0.5 GPa, so this paper focuses on the comparative study of the photoelectric properties when the pressure is −0.5 GPa and 0 GPa. The results showed that CsGeI3 has a higher dielectric value, conductivity, and absorption coefficient and blue shift in absorption spectrum when the pressure is −0.5 GPa. By calculating and comparing the effective masses of electrons and holes and the exciton binding energy, it was found that their values are relatively small, which indicates that CsGeI3 is an efficient light absorbing material. CsGeI3 was found to be stable under both pressure conditions through multiple calculations of the Born Huang stability criterion, tolerance factor T, and phonon spectrum with or without virtual frequency. We also calculated the elastic modulus of both pressure conditions and found that they are both soft, ductile, and anisotropic. Finally, the thermal properties of CsGeI3 under two kinds of pressure were studied. It was found that the Debye temperature and heat capacity of CsGeI3 increased with the increase of thermodynamic temperature, and the Debye temperature increased rapidly after pressure, while the heat capacity slowly increased and finally stabilized. Through the calculation of enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy of CsGeI3, it was found that the Gibbs free energy decreases faster with the increase of temperature without applied pressure, which indicates that CsGeI3 has a higher stability without pressure. Through the comparative analysis of the photoelectric properties of CsGeI3 under pressure, it was found that CsGeI3 after applied pressure is a good photoelectric material and suitable for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) material.
Effects of sweet alyssum flowers and their volatile compounds on Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) in the laboratory

Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is a major global pest of soft fruit crops. Based on field observations, we tested in the laboratory whether sweet alyssum (Lobularia maritima (L.)) flower volatiles and their major constituent compounds, acetophenone and benzaldehyde, repelled D. suzukii flies. Volatiles from cut flowers and acetophenone reduced numbers of D. suzukii attracted to raspberries, and acetophenone reduced numbers of larvae in the raspberries. Testing of sweet alyssum plantings or dispensing acetophenone to repel D. suzukii in fields and lower fruit infestation should be conducted.
Fast and Scalable Genome-Wide Inference of Local Tree Topologies from Large Number of Haplotypes Based on Tree Consistent 𝒫ℬ𝒲𝒯 Data Structure

Estimation of the relationship between DNA sequences is one of the most important problems in genomics. Understanding these relationships is central to demographic inference, correction of population structure in GWAS, identifying signals of selection etc. The data structure containing the full information about sample genealogy is called the ancestral recombination graph . However, inference is a very difficult problem, not least due to a very complex state space. In this work we describe a new approach for fast and scalable generation of local tree topologies relating large numbers of haplotypes. Our method is closely related to the estimation of , and captures both local and global properties of an . It is based on a data structure which we call tree consistent , a modification of data structure introduced by R. Durbin (2014). We also explore some methods to estimate the quality of the generated tree topologies and to make inferences based on them. At the end we discuss a probabilistic model which could potentially lead to the estimation of node times.
Acute Dermal Toxicity of Trimethylolethane Trinitrate (TMETN) in Rabbits

Abstract : The acute dermal toxicity of trimethylolethane trinitrate, TMETN, was evaluated in five male and five female New Zealand White rabbits. Neat TMETN (2 g/kg) was applied topically to the clipped dorsal skin surface under a semi- occlusive wrap for 24 hours. No evidence was obtained of percutaneous absorption of quantities sufficient to produce systematic toxicity or death. Seven of the rabbits exhibited very slight to slight erythema after wrap removal and all but one had cleared by 48 hours. In this animal erythema persisted for 5 days after wrap removal. These data indicate that TMETN does not produce systematic toxicity when administered by 24-hour topical application at a limit dose of 2 g/kg. Keywords: Acute dermal toxicity; TMETN; Trimethylolethane trinitrate; Rabbits; Mammalian toxicology; Propellants; Toxic tolerances.
Epistasis and physico-chemical constraints contribute to spatial clustering of amino acid substitutions in protein evolution

The causes of rate variation among sites within proteins are as yet poorly understood. Here, we compare the spatial autocorrelation of non-synonymous substitutions among species within diverse phylogenetic groups: Saccharomyces, Drosophila, Arabidopsis, and primates. Across these taxa, we find that amino acid substitutions exhibit excess clustering that extends over a 20-30 codon length (10-20 Angstrom distance) scale. We show that these substitutions cluster more strongly and exhibit compensatory dynamics within species lineages but exhibit patterns of convergent evolution between lineages. We evaluate a simple model of thermodynamic constraints on protein folding and conclude that it is unable to recapitulate the observed spatial clustering of substitutions. While pairs of substitutions with the strongest epistasis tend to spatially cluster in these simulations, the magnitude and length scale are smaller than that observed in real data. Additionally, we show that the pattern of convergent substitution is also not expected under this model, suggesting it is likely caused by factors other than these simple thermodynamic constraints. Our results support a prevalent role for epistasis and convergent evolution in shaping protein evolution across the tree of life.
Telomere length maintenance mechanisms in cancer

chromosomes and are composed of TTAGGG hexanucleotide repeats. In somatic cells, telomeres shorten upon each cell division ultimately resulting in activation of DNA damage response followed by senescence or cell death. However, cancer cells activate telomere length maintenance mechanisms (TMM) to overcome telomere attrition and attain replicative immortality which therefore represents one of the principle hallmarks of cancer. Two major pathways are employed by cancer cells to maintain telomeres. First is activation of telomere elongating enzyme called telomerase and second is alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). In addition, telomeres are bound by an end protection complex called as shelterin which has an essential role in regulating telomere length maintenance. Thus, TMM and telomere structure and function regulatory pathways represent an attractive target for development of anticancer therapeutics.
Social Media Disaster Relevance Classification for Situation Awareness during Emergency Response in Indonesia

Natural disasters are expected to increase in number and severity on a global scale. Social media analysis has become an essential tool in natural disaster management on tracking disaster events, impact, and other relevant critical information. However, the high volume of tweets data produces noise, and not all tweets are relevant to gain situational awareness for disaster response. This paper presents a disaster-relevance classification for Indonesian language tweets using machine learning with Naïve Bayes, support vector machine, and logistic regression with a focus on twitter data generated during the Sulawesi Earthquake, Indonesia 2018. With the result accuracy of 83.5%, our labeled data can be used for capturing disaster-relevant tweets in any future disaster event in Indonesia.
Being Watched in an Investment Game Setting: Behavioral Changes when Making Risky Decisions

Abstract We design a laboratory experiment to test for behavioral differences due to observation within a novel arena: investment games. We find that fund managers are more risk-averse when investors can observe their investment allocations. This effect is more pronounced when investors, in addition to observing the allocations, can also observe the investment outcomes. Interestingly, allowing investors to observe how their investment is allocated does not impact how much they invest. Last, when the outcome of the risky investment is public knowledge, disclosing managers’ allocations leads them to return more tokens to investors and to expropriate fewer tokens for themselves at the end of the game, ceteris paribus. We discuss potential causes of these effects.
A microfluidic model of human brain (μHuB) for assessment of blood brain barrier

Abstract Microfluidic cellular models, commonly referred to as “organs‐on‐chips,” continue to advance the field of bioengineering via the development of accurate and higher throughput models, captivating the essence of living human organs. This class of models can mimic key in vivo features, including shear stresses and cellular architectures, in ways that cannot be realized by traditional two‐dimensional in vitro models. Despite such progress, current organ‐on‐a‐chip models are often overly complex, require highly specialized setups and equipment, and lack the ability to easily ascertain temporal and spatial differences in the transport kinetics of compounds translocating across cellular barriers. To address this challenge, we report the development of a three‐dimensional human blood brain barrier (BBB) microfluidic model (μHuB) using human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) and primary human astrocytes within a commercially available microfluidic platform. Within μHuB, hCMEC/D3 monolayers withstood physiologically relevant shear stresses (2.73 dyn/cm2) over a period of 24 hr and formed a complete inner lumen, resembling in vivo blood capillaries. Monolayers within μHuB expressed phenotypical tight junction markers (Claudin‐5 and ZO‐1), which increased expression after the presence of hemodynamic‐like shear stress. Negligible cell injury was observed when the monolayers were cultured statically, conditioned to shear stress, and subjected to nonfluorescent dextran (70 kDa) transport studies. μHuB experienced size‐selective permeability of 10 and 70 kDa dextrans similar to other BBB models. However, with the ability to probe temporal and spatial evolution of solute distribution, μHuBs possess the ability to capture the true variability in permeability across a cellular monolayer over time and allow for evaluation of the full breadth of permeabilities that would otherwise be lost using traditional end‐point sampling techniques. Overall, the μHuB platform provides a simplified, easy‐to‐use model to further investigate the complexities of the human BBB in real‐time and can be readily adapted to incorporate additional cell types of the neurovascular unit and beyond.
Forecasting Catastrophic Rupture in Brittle Rocks Using Precursory AE Time Series

An evidently precursory acoustic emission (AE) time series, characterized by a time‐reversed Omori law, is registered prior to the unconfined catastrophic rupture of brittle sandstone. This provides insights into the physical process controlling catastrophic rupture and underlies the failure forecast. The onset of acceleration of damage is first identified based on the acousto‐optical characteristics. The precursory time series of rise time (RT) rate is used to forecast pseudo‐prospectively the catastrophic rupture in the framework of the time‐reversed Omori law. Investigations on multiple unconfirmed failure cases on the laboratory scale show that forecasts become more precise and less biased as the precursory AE time series proceeds toward rupture. In contrast to retrospective forecast, pseudo‐prospective forecast obtains a higher quality. Moreover, the use of amplitude as a precursor benefits the increase of warning time, and the flaw‐to‐flaw interaction introduces a strong disturbance on the forecast.
Genomic Profiles of De Novo High- and Low-Volume Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Results From a 2-Stage Feasibility and Prevalence Study in the STAMPEDE Trial.

PURPOSE The STAMPEDE trial recruits men with newly diagnosed, high-risk, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. To ascertain the feasibility of targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) and the prevalence of baseline genomic aberrations, we sequenced tumor and germline DNA from patients with metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) starting long-term androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). METHODS In a 2-stage approach, archival, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) prostate tumor core biopsy samples were retrospectively subjected to 2 tNGS assays. Prospective enrollment enabled validation using tNGS in tumor and germline DNA. RESULTS In stage 1, tNGS data were obtained from 185 tumors from 287 patients (65%); 98% had de novo mPCa. We observed PI3K pathway aberrations in 43%, due to PTEN copy-number loss (34%) and/or activating mutations in PIK3 genes or AKT (18%) and TP53 mutation or loss in 33%. No androgen receptor (AR) aberrations were detected; RB1 loss was observed in < 1%. In stage 2, 93 (92%) of 101 FFPE tumors (biopsy obtained within 8 months) were successfully sequenced prospectively. The prevalence of DNA damage repair (DDR) deficiency was 14% (somatic) and 5% (germline). BRCA2 mutations and mismatch repair gene mutations were exclusive to high-volume disease. Aberrant DDR (22% v 15%), Wnt pathway (16% v 4%), and chromatin remodeling (16% v 8%) were all more common in high-volume compared with low-volume disease, but the small numbers limited statistical comparisons. CONCLUSION Prospective genomic characterization is feasible using residual diagnostic tumor samples and reveals that the genomic landscapes of de novo high-volume mPCa and advanced metastatic prostate cancer have notable similarities (PI3K pathway, DDR, Wnt, chromatin remodeling) and differences (AR, RB1). These results will inform the design and conduct of biomarker-directed trials in men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.
Holocene Concentrations of Methane in the Atmosphere are in Part Proportional to Concentrations of Sulfur Dioxide and Inversely Proportional to the Oxidizing Capacity of the Atmosphere

The atmosphere cleans itself by oxidizing pollutants. The primary oxidant is the hydroxyl radical (OH) formed by photodissociation of ozone in the near ultra-violet. Ozone and OH are in limited supply. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) absorbs near ultraviolet light limiting production of OH and reacts immediately with any available OH, forming sulfuric acid. Methane reacts more slowly with OH and will typically not be oxidized until there is little SO2. Thus a high concentration of methane indicates low oxidizing capacity. The rate at which SO2 is injected into the atmosphere controls oxidizing capacity and climate change in four ways: