Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimation and limitation of numbers of floaters in a Eurasian Sparrowhawk population

Over a 20-year period, the numbers of Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus nests found in a 200 km2 area in south Scotland remained relatively stable (mean 33.3 pairs, CV = 10.6%). Nest numbers fluctuated from year to year in a manner expected of a population subject to density-dependent regulation. The numbers of non-breeders (floaters) could not be counted directly, but the number of female floaters was estimated, using known mortality rates, from the numbers of females recruited to the breeding population each year at different ages. Female floater numbers were estimated by two methods: Method A assumed that birds bred for the first time in their first, second or third year, in the same ratio as they were found breeding for the first time in the study area; and Method B assumed that all third-year birds found breeding for the first time in the study area had bred previously, unknown to us, outside the area. Under Method A, floaters consisted of some 1-year and some 2-year birds; while under Method B, floaters consisted only of some 1 -year birds. Under both methods, the estimated number of female floaters fluctuated greatly from year to year, but under Method A they averaged 0.90 per female breeder, and under Method B they averaged 0.28 per female breeder. The Method B estimate was most consistent with other data and with the finding that some birds found breeding in the study area were likely to have bred previously outside the area (because of territory changes). Moreover, the mean and variance in female floater numbers estimated by Method B were similar in magnitude to the values obtained in a simulation model. In this model, breeding density was given a fixed ceiling, while breeding success was allowed to vary from year to year within the limits observed in the study area. It was concluded that (a> recruitment of floaters to the breeding sector was density dependent with respect to breeder numbers, i.e. broadly spealung, floaters filled gaps in the territorial system left by the deaths and movements of established breeders; and (bj floater numbers themselves were probably not regulated in a density dependent manner, but depended on whatever was the balance between annual additions (from reproduction and immigrationj and subtractions (from mortality, emigration and entry to the breeding sector).
Análisis cualitativo sobre aspectos psicológicos y rendimiento deportivo en Lucha Olímpica

Extensive research is available on the psychological aspects related to sports performance. There are however few studies of this type relating to specific sports. To devise a psychological training program, it is important to know some variables and their impact at different times of the season. The aim of this paper is to describe the psychological aspects that Olympic wrestlers perceive as most important in a competition and the best and the worst moments of the season, and to analyze the strategies used by wrestlers to face complicated situations. For this, a qualitative methodology based on content analysis was used. Twenty-five wrestlers were interviewed for our study. The results suggest that there are variables with a greater weight in different situations, such as stress control and self-confidence, and others that appear as relevant at specific times and related to situations of high or low performance, such as expectations, attention, social support, or perception of fitness. On the other hand, wrestlers make use of different strategies during competition and are worried about specific aspects of their sport such as nutrition and weight control. Finally, it is important to know the psychological variables depending on the time of the season and the specific sport, and to perform qualitative evaluations including the opinion of wrestlers, to be able to devise psychological training programs adapted to their needs.
Experimental data for groundwave propagation over cylindrical surfaces

Experimental data for the fields of EM groundwaves propagating over cylindrical homogeneous paths and two-section mixed paths were obtained by microwave (4.765 GHz) modeling. The cylindrical surfaces, which have a radius of 20 \lambda_{0} , closely approximate spherical surfaces insofar as groundwave propagation is concerned. The model is a curved tank which was constructed as a stratified combination of Plexiglas over distilled water, giving a predictable highly inductive surface impedance. Aluminum foil laid on the Plexiglas produced a nearly perfectly conducting surface wherever needed for the mixed path cases. For both homogeneous and mixed paths the residue series theory agrees well with the experimental data in the shadow and penumbra regions, but the agreement becomes poorer as the observation point moves into the illuminated region where an excess number of residue terms is needed. The results show that a groundwave which crosses an abrupt boundary rapidly acquires the characteristic properties of the second medium at small heights above the surface, and that the equivalent integral solution for mixed paths is therefore adequate close to the surface. This is especially useful near the boundary where the residue series converges poorly. It is concluded that if the constitutive electrical parameters of the earth are precisely known and constant, the theory can be reliably applied to LF and VLF groundwave propagation over the earth where the constraints are even less severe.
1 The Geography of Taste : 2 Using Yelp to Study Urban Culture 3

This study aims to put forth a new method to study the socio-spatial boundaries by using 9 georeferenced community-authored reviews for restaurants. In this study, we show that food 10 choice, drink choice, and restaurant ambience can be good indicators of socio-economic status of the 11 ambient population in different neighborhoods. To this end, we use Yelp user reviews to distinguish 12 different neighborhoods in terms of their food purchases and identify resultant boundaries in 10 13 North American metropolitan areas. This data-set includes restaurant reviews as well as a limited 14 number of user check-ins and rating in those cities. 15 We use Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to select a set of potential features 16 pertaining to food, drink and ambience from Yelp user comments for each geolocated restaurant. 17 We then select those features which determine one’s choice of restaurant and the rating that he/she 18 provides for that restaurant. After identifying these features, we identify neighborhoods where 19 similar taste is practiced. We show that neighborhoods identified through our method show 20 statistically significant differences based on demographic factors such as income, racial 21 composition, and education. We suggest that this method helps urban planners to understand the 22 social dynamics of contemporary cities in absence of information on service-oriented cultural 23 characteristics of urban communities. 24
PSR J2021+4026 IN THE GAMMA CYGNI REGION: THE FIRST VARIABLE γ-RAY PULSAR SEEN BY THE Fermi LAT

Long-term monitoring of PSR J2021+4026 in the heart of the Cygnus region with the Fermi Large Area Telescope unveiled a sudden decrease in flux above 100 MeV over a timescale shorter than a week. The “jump” was near MJD 55850 (2011 October 16), with the flux decreasing from (8.33 ± 0.08) × 10−10 erg cm−2 s−1 to (6.86 ± 0.13) × 10−10 erg cm−2 s−1. Simultaneously, the frequency spindown rate increased from (7.8 ± 0.1) × 10−13 Hz s−1 to (8.1 ± 0.1) × 10−13 Hz s−1. Significant (>5σ) changes in the pulse profile and marginal (<3σ) changes in the emission spectrum occurred at the same time. There is also evidence for a small, steady flux increase over the 3 yr preceding MJD 55850. This is the first observation at γ-ray energies of mode changes and intermittent behavior, observed at radio wavelengths for other pulsars. We argue that the change in pulsed γ-ray emission is due to a change in emission beaming and we speculate that it is precipitated by a shift in the magnetic field structure, leading to a change of either effective magnetic inclination or effective current.
O' Henry's "Midsummer Masquerade" Unmasked

This article explores "A Midsummer Masquerade" by O' Henry in terms of culture-specific markers of the author's individual style and cultural metaphors as potential interpretation gaps. An attempt is made to elicit implicit information on quasi-words and malapropisms, allusions to the Bible, references to historical personages and political events. Approaches to short story translation are considered in light of P. Newmark's insights into the nature of this genre and his typology of short story specific characteristics, which are relevant for translation. The conclusions draw on key points of the general cognitive theory of translation and modern Americans' comments on the selected fragments. Through showing the potential diversity of interpretation, this research highlights the importance of background cultural knowledge and considers some cases of untranslatability.
XXIV New approaches for feeding poultry Summary

E arly posthatch feeding of a special diet in the transport tray increases broiler performance. Adding Glutamine or Glutamine-Glutamic Acid in the diet improves the uniformity of broiler chickens. Part of the variation in animal performance is caused by the lack of adjustment of the feedstuff composition matrix. The quality control of feedstuffs allows formulation of more efficient and economical diets. Equations have been developed to determine the equivalence in available phosphorus of different levels of 3-Phytase and 6-Phytase. The utilization of equations to estimate nutrient requirement enables determination of nutritional requirements, according to performance and feed intake of broiler chickens. Lysine and methionine + cystine requirements can be higher to maximize lean meat yield than for optimum feed conversion.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Asymmetric features in the protoplanetary disk MWC 758

Context. The study of dynamical processes in protoplanetary disks is essential to understand planet formation. In this context, transition disks are prime targets because they are at an advanced stage of disk clearing and may harbor direct signatures of disk evolution. Aims. We aim to derive new constraints on the structure of the transition disk MWC 758, to detect non-axisymmetric features and understand their origin. Methods. We obtained infrared polarized intensity observations of the protoplanetary disk MWC 758 with VLT/SPHERE at 1.04 μm to resolve scattered light at a smaller inner working angle (0.093′′) and a higher angular resolution (0.027′′) than previously achieved. Results. We observe polarized scattered light within 0.53′′ (148 au) down to the inner working angle (26 au) and detect distinct nonaxisymmetric features but no fully depleted cavity. The two small-scale spiral features that were previously detected with HiCIAO are resolved more clearly, and new features are identified, including two that are located at previously inaccessible radii close to the star. We present a model based on the spiral density wave theory with two planetary companions in circular orbits. The best model requires a high disk aspect ratio (H/r ∼ 0.20 at the planet locations) to account for the large pitch angles which implies a very warm disk. Conclusions. Our observations reveal the complex morphology of the disk MWC 758. To understand the origin of the detected features, the combination of high-resolution observations in the submillimeter with ALMA and detailed modeling is needed.
Fundamentals of Computational Neuroscience (2. ed.)

1.1 WHAT IS COMPUTATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE? 1.2 Domains in Computational Neuroscience 1.3 What is a model? 1.4 Emergence and adaptation 1.5 From exploration to a theory of the brain 1.6 Some notes on the book 2.1 MODELLING BIOLOGICAL NEURONS 2.2 Neurons are specialized cells 2.3 Basic synaptic mechanisms 2.4 The generation of action potentials: Hodgkin-Huxley equations 2.5 Dendritic trees, the propagation of action potentials, and compartmental models 2.6 Above and Beyond the Hodgkin-Huxley neuron: Fatigue, bursting and simplifications 3.1 INTEGRATE-AND-FIRE NEURONS 3.2 The spike-response model 3.3 Spike time variability 3.4 Noise Models for IF neurons 4.1 ORGANIZATIONS OF NEURONAL NETWORKS 4.2 Information transmission in networks 4.3 Population Dynamics: modelling the average behaviour of neurons 4.4 The sigma node 4.5 Networks with non-classical synapses: the sigma-pi node 5.1 HOW NEURONS TALK 5.2 Information theory 5.3 Information in spike trains 5.4 Population coding and decoding 5.5 Distributed representation 6.1 PERCEPTION, FUNCTION REPRESNTATION, AND LOOK-UP TABLES 6.2 The sigma node as perception 6.3 Multi-layer mapping networks 6.4 Learning, generalization and biological interpretations 6.5 Self-organizing network architectures and geentic algorighms 6.6 Mapping networks with context units 6.7 Probabilistic mapping networks 7.1 ASSOCIATIVE MEMORY AND HEBBIAN LEARNING 7.2 An example of learning association 7.3 The biochemical basis of synaptic plasticity 7.4 The temporal structure of Hebbian plasticity: LTP and LTD 7.5 Mathematical formulation of Hebian plasticity 7.6 Weight distributions 7.7 Neuronal response variability, gain control, and scaling 7.8 Features of associators and Hebbian learning 8.1 SHORT-TERM MEMORY AND REVERBERATING NETWORK ACTIVITY 8.2 Long-term memory and auto-associators 8.3 Point attractor networks: The Grossberg-Hopfield model 8.4 The phase diagram and the Grossberg-Hopfield model 8.5 Sparse attractor neural networks 8.6 Chaotic networks: a dynamical systems view 8.7 Biologically more realistic variation of attractor networks 9.1 SPATIAL REPRESENTATIONS AND THE SENSE OF DIRECTIONS 9.2 Learning with continuous pattern representations 9.3 Asymptotic states and the dynamics of neural fields 9.4 Path-integration, Hebbian trace rule, and sequence learning 9.5 Competitive networks and self-organizing maps 10.1 MOTOR LEARNING AND CONTROL 10.2 The delta rule 10.3 Generalized delta rules 10.4 Reward learning 111.1 SYSTEM LEVEL ANATOMY OF THE BRAIN 11.2 Modular mapping networks 11.3 Coupled attractor networks 11.4 Working memory 11.5 Attentive vision 11.6 An interconnecting workspace hypothesis 12.1 INTRODUCTION TO HTE MATLAB PROGRAMMING ENVIRONMENT 12.2 Spiking neurons and numerical integration in MATLAB 12.3 Associators and Hebbian learning 12.4 Recurrent networks and networks dynamics 12.5 Continuous attractor neural networks 12.6 Error-backpropagation network SOME USEFUL MATHEMATICS BASIC PROBABILITY THEORY NUMERICAL INTEGRATION INDEX
Experiments in Autonomous Earth Moving

Abstract This paper presents a technology demonstrator currently under development and describes experiments carried out to date in autonomous bulk material handling using mobile equipment. Our primary platform is a Bobcat S185 skid-steer loader instrumented with an onboard computer, a sensor suite, and a communication link that support various levels of automation, from remote control to supervised autonomy. We present the main system components and discuss the autonomous cleaning of spillage and carryback, common bulk handling task in mining, currently executed exclusively using manually and/or remotely operated loaders. The system architecture is based on Spring, a Robotics Software Framework developed by CSIRO to support rapid development of new robotic systems, distributed as an Open Source package.
Lack of response to garlic fed at different dose rates for the control of Haemonchus contortus in Merino wether lambs

With the increased incidence of parasite resistance to chemical anthelmintics worldwide novel approaches to manage parasite infection, such as medicinal plants and their extracts, are being investigated by the scientific community. The current study tested the effect of three rates of garlic (0.9, 1.8 and 3.6%) in a pelleted ration on Haemonchus contortus in sheep. Thirty-nine Merino wether lambs aged 6 months were divided into five treatment groups, including three garlic dose rates and two control groups that received no garlic. All animals were infected with 4000 L3 H. contortus larvae 3 weeks after allocation to treatments. A positive control group was drenched with abamectin 28 days after infection. The synthetic drench was effective in controlling the parasites, but there was no reduction in either worm egg counts (WEC) or total worm count due to the garlic. The 3.6% garlic treatment had significantly lower (P < 0.05) liveweight, feed intake, body condition score and feed conversion ratio than any of the other treatment groups, suggesting that this level of garlic had a low level of anti-nutritional properties. There was an interaction between faecal WEC and voluntary feed intake over time, with the animals with higher voluntary feed intake having lower WEC over time.
Designing Camera Origination Films for Scan-Only Applications in Television and Digital Intermediate

With the growing popularity of digital intermediate in the feature film market and the continuing development of improved telecine technologies for television, the notion of traditional camera origination film design optimized around direct optical or contact printing is radically challenged. For scan-only film image capture systems where the camera film will be scanned exclusively to video or data and never directly printed, a very different approach is taken to sensitometric curve design. Rather than focusing on tonal characteristics, which yield acceptable and preferred results for overall contrast, grayscale neutrality, and shadow and highlight detail in a traditional printing paradigm, the film curves must instead be drawn to optimize the quality of signal provided to the digitization step in the film scanner. Further, standard constructs of color reproduction are also open for modification as the film's spectral sensitivity and color-enhancing chemistries are changed to better mesh with digital color-processing capabilities.
Collision-induced absorption coefficients of H2 pairs at temperatures from 60 K to 1000 K

New collision-induced absorption data of H2 pairs at temperatures between 400 K and 1000 K are presented here for the first time. They are based on a careful interpolation and extension of the existing 'low' temperature data, which were suited for use in planetary atmospheric modelling. The new data are aimed to help in modelling the coolest halo white dwarfs, the coolest M dwarfs, the L- and T- type dwarf stars, as well as brown dwarfs and "hot jupiters". In addition, for the convenience of the future users, the already existing low temperature (60 K to 400 K) data are provided, in a consistent and user friendly tabular form. The data above 1000 K, which already existed, form a continuous sequence with the new data presented here. The total data set from 60 K to 7000 K and frequencies from 0 cm 1 to17 000 cm 1 (computed for every 10 cm 1 ) is now located at www.astro. ku.dk/aborysow/programs.
Different LLLT Energy Levels on the Viability of Randon Skin Flaps in Rats

Background and Objectives: The skin flaps are still of concern to surgeons because failures can occur leading to necrosis of the same. Low intensity laser irradiation has been recommended as an effective tool for increasing the viability of ischemic flaps but its mechanisms of action are not yet precisely understood. We investigated the effect of low level laser irradiation (LLLT) on the viability of random skin flaps in rats by two different protocols. Methods: 24 Wistar EPM-1 rats were randomly located into three groups (n= 08). All animals went through a random dorsal skin flap measuring 10X4 cm. The sham group received only a simulated laser irradiation; group 0.29 was irradiated by a 20mW power laser, energy of 0.29 J on 12 points; group 7.3 received a 100mW laser irradiation, 7.30J on 12 points. These procedures were performed in the middle cranial flap and were repeated at three different postoperative times (POI, PO2 and PO1). The percentage of necrosis was measured on the seventh postoperative day through a paper template method. Results: The area of necrosis was smaller in group 7.3, compared to the sham and 0.29 groups (P<0.05). Groups 0.29 and sham showed no difference to each other. Conclusions: The low power level laser was effective in increasing the viability of random skin flap in rats at energy level of 7.30J. Keywords— LLLT, skin flap, Dosimetry, Viability
The role of PI3-K/Akt signal pathway in the antagonist effect of CEPO on CHF rats

The possible role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signal pathway in the antagonist effect of carbamylated erythropoietin (CEPO) on chronic heart failure (CHF) in rats was investigated. Twenty of 120 rats were randomly selected as the control group, and the remaining rats as the model group. Rats in the model group received intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol, those in the control group underwent intraperitoneal injection of equivalent normal saline. Rats with successful model establishment were divided into 4 groups, i.e. CHF group, CEPO group, LY294002 (LY) group and CEPO + LY group. Rats in the CEPO group underwent intraperitoneal injection of CEPO, while those in the CHF group received intraperitoneal injection of equivalent normal saline at the same time, those in the LY group received intraperitoneal injection of LY after model establishment, and those in the CEPO + LY group received the combined intraperitoneal injection of CEPO and LY simultaneously. Indicators for hemodynamics were determined using BL-410S bio-functional experiment system, including heart rate (HR), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and maximal increased rate of left ventricular pressure (LVP)/maximal reduced rate of LVP (±dp/dtmax). Western blotting assay was utilized to determine the changes in activity of PI3-K/Akt signal pathway. LVSP and ±dp/dtmax in the CHF, the CEPO, the CEPO + LY and the LY groups were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05); LVSP and ±dp/dtmax in the CEPO group were also elevated significantly compared with CHF, LY and CEPO + LY groups (P<0.05) with significant decreases in LVEDP and HR (P<0.05); compared with the CHF group, LVSP and ±dp/dtmax in the LY group were each significantly decreased (P<0.05), in the LY group, pAkt level was significantly lower than that in the CHF group (P<0.05). In conclusion, CEPO can generate the antagonist effect on CHF in rats through activation of PI3-K/Akt signal pathway.
ON THE TEMPERATURE STRUCTURE OF THE GALACTIC CENTER CLOUD G0.253+0.016

We present a series of smoothed particle hydrodynamical models of G0.253+0.016 (also known as “The Brick”), a very dense molecular cloud that lies close to the Galactic center. We explore how its gas and dust temperatures react as we vary the strength of both the interstellar radiation field (ISRF) and the cosmic-ray ionization rate (CRIR). The cloud has an extent in the plane of the sky of roughly 3.4 pc × 9.4 pc. As its size along the line of sight is unknown, we consider two cases. In our fiducial, high-density model, we adopt a depth along the line of sight of 3.4 pc, and in the low-density model we assume an extent along the line of sight of 17 pc. To recover the observed gas and dust temperatures, we find that the ISRF must be around 1000 times the solar neighborhood value, and the CRIR must be roughly 10−14 s−1, regardless of the geometries studied. For such high values of the CRIR, we find that cooling in the cloud's interior is dominated by neutral oxygen, in contrast to standard molecular clouds, which at the same densities are mainly cooled via CO. Our results suggest that the conditions near G0.253+0.016 are more extreme than those generally accepted for the inner 500 pc of the galaxy.