Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eco-friendly synthesis of bimetallic AuAg nanoparticles

In this study we report a friendly route to produce colloidal AuAg bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) using glycerol as a reducing chemical in alkaline medium. Ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the formation of colloidal NPs. The nanoparticles were also directly produced on carbon to yield Au/C, Ag/C and AuAg/C. Extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy at the Au L3 edge evidenced surface segregation of silver in the AuAg/C material. Also the X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) region indicated a slight reduction in the Au 5d band occupancy due to the presence of silver. Since a fuel cell is a potent source of energy for the future, the catalytic properties of the NPs were investigated for anodic glycerol electro-oxidation reaction and results for AuAg NPs are compared with those for monometallic Au and Ag NPs. When compared with Au/C, the AuAg/C material displayed lower potential for glycerol electro-oxidation, reducing by 120 mV the onset potential for glycerol electro-oxidation. This means that the electro-oxidation of glycerol on the bimetallic catalyst is mainly affected by the ligand effect.
Production Planning and Control System with Just in Time and Lean Production: A Review

Manufacturing can be defined as applying physical and/or chemical processes to modify the structure, properties and/or appearance of a given starting material to produce parts or products. Manufacturing often entails combining multiple parts for the creation of assembled products. This study aimed to establish a general understanding of development production planning and control and typical production such as just in time and lean production. Method of this study through literature review. This study described activities related to production planning and production control, the difference between lean production and traditional production (push system), and the structure of lean production as known as Toyota system manufacturing.
A Streamlined Approach to Solving Simple and Complex Kinetic Systems Analytically

The use of Laplace transforms and integration techniques for the solution of simultaneous differential equations is demonstrated for obtaining the analytical solutions of simple and complex kinetic systems well known to students of the chemical sciences. These techniques learned in core first- and second-year mathematics courses provide a firm grounding in students' ability to understand the derivation of various rate expressions, and illustrate the value of cross-disciplinary approaches to education between the chemical and mathematical sciences.
Introduction on environmental chemistry and global cycles of chromium, nickel, cobalt beryllium, arsenic, cadmium and selenium, and their derivatives†

Crude estimations are a basis for further discussion. Even a trial—which has to be verified—may be sufficiently exact to get a better feeling for sources of risk and for understanding pathways of redistribution, especially in industrial countries. Studies of global cycles may not be too relevant, but give valuable background information and stimuli to recognize more significant local changes and possible effects. It is extrapolated that the emissions of the heavier elements chromium, nickel and cobalt with their short atmospheric life cycle play a more dominant role in waters and soils. On the other side in the cases beryllium, arsenic, antimony, cadmium and selenium atmospheric transports are relatively more important. Biological cycles— extraction by plants from soil—correspond in general to about one‐third of the total emissions, but are relatively more important in the cases of cobalt and cadmium, and less in the case of chromium. Natural weathering of rocks and soils is in the order of one‐sixth of t.
Cellulose acetate propionate and poly(tetramethylene glutarate) blends

Blends of poly(tetramethylene glutarate) (PTG) and cellulose acetate propionate (CAP) in the range of 50-90 wt % CAP were prepared by thermal compounding. Carbon-13 NMR and GPC showed that no transesterification and little loss in molecular weight occurred during thermal mixing. DSC of PTG and of CAP cooled rapidly from the melt revealed that PTG is a low melting (39°), low T g (-55°), semicrystalline polymer while the CAP is an amorphous, high T g (136°) polymer. The blends are optically clear and, when quenched from the melt, amorphous. Some blend compositions did exhibit small crystallization exotherms and melting endotherms in DSC.
La nutrition du nourrisson né à terme et en santé, de six à 24 mois : un aperçu.

Résumé La nutrition du nourrisson né à terme et en santé est un document conjoint de Santé Canada, de la Société canadienne de pédiatrie, des Diététistes du Canada et du Comité canadien pour l’allaitement. Publié de nouveau en septembre 2012, il contenait des recommandations sur l’alimentation du nourrisson de la naissance à six mois. Il a été mis à jour en avril 2014 pour y incorporer des recommandations sur l’alimentation des nourrissons plus âgés et des jeunes enfants de six à 24 mois. Le présent point de pratique expose le processus d’élaboration du document et les principes d’alimentation, ainsi que des recommandations à l’intention des cliniciens. Les professionnels de la santé qui conseillent les familles en matière de nutrition du nourrisson et du jeune enfant sont invités à lire le document intégral, parce que les exposés approfondissent et clarifient les conseils résumés dans les principes et les recommandations du présent point de pratique. Le document intégral peut être consulté dans le site Web de Santé Canada (http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fnan/nutrition/infant-nourisson/recom/recom-6-24months-6-24-mois-fra.php).
Effect of Drying Process on Heavy Metals Fractionation of Contaminated Sludge for Land Application

Metal fractionation studies on metals in sludge are usually done on dried sludge. Although there are advantages in this form of sludge, it is possible that fractionation of metals in sludge may be influenced by the drying process, which consequently affects mobility of metals at disposal. In this study, sequential chemical extraction was done to assess the effect of drying on fractionation of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) on wet and dewatered (air-dried and oven-dried) anaerobically digested sludge samples in Bangkok, Thailand. Results revealed an insignificant difference in the fractionation profile of metals for both wet and dewatered sludge. The higher percentage of residual fraction for Cu and oxidizable fraction for Zn in the wet sludge, however, makes this form more suitable for direct land application. In the case of oven-dried and air-dried sludge, the forms of some metals (e.g., Pb and Zn) seem to vary significantly as the sludge is oven-dried, with Pb decreasing its residual phase by 15%, and Zn increasing in oxidizable phase by 41%. The results seem to indicate that drying affects bioavailability of metals in sludge and air-drying seems to favor sludge for land application.
Synthesis of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) is an attractive candidate as a drug delivery carrier due to their large surface area, high pore volume and t intrinsic biocompatibility. Here, MSNs were synthesized by the hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) acting as structural directing agent. A large mesopore with diameter of 3.8 to 5.5 nm of MCM-41style can be obtained via the addition of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene. Metoprolol tartrate as a selective β1 receptor blocker was embedded on MSNs by the incipient wetness impregnation. The delivery profiles were collected in vitro in SBF at pH 7.4. A close correlation can be observed between the drug release kinetic and the mesopore size and specific surface area of MSNs.
Calculation of Vibrational Relaxation Times in Gases

Vibrational relaxation times in gases are calculated with the method of Zener using an exponential repulsion in a one‐dimensional model. The constants of the interaction potential are determined by fitting it to the data of Hirschfelder, et al. The great effect which some impurities have is accounted for either by their low mass and resultant high velocity or by ``near resonance'' transfers in which the vibrational quantum of the substratum is used partly to excite the vibration of the impurity, only the difference being transferred to translation. However, there are other impurities, the action of which cannot be explained in this manner. The theoretical values for the relaxation times are 10 to 30 times shorter than the experimental ones, which difference may be accounted for by the use of the one‐dimensional model. Macroscopic equations governing the more complex relaxation processes in polyatomic gases and gas mixtures are developed.
Quantitative electron microprobe analysis using a lithium drifted silicon detector

Pulse pile-up, dead time, escape peaks, background, and peak overlap in Si(Li) spectra are discussed in relation to microprobe analysis, and procedures for carrying out the necessary corrections for quantitative analysis of elements of atomic number 11 to 30 are described. The accuracy is generally comparable with that obtained with crystal spectrometers, though the limit of detection (about 0.1%) is higher.
Facile Synthesis of MnO2/CNTs Composite for Supercapacitor Electrodes with Long Cycle Stability

The MnO2/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composites were prepared through a modified one-pot reaction process, in which CNTs were coated by cross-linked MnO2 flakes uniformly. The composition, morphology, and microstructure of the products were characterized using TG, XRD, XPS, Raman, FESEM, TEM, and STEM. It reveals that the MnO2 layer stands on the sidewalls of the inner nanotubes uniformly about 50 nm thick, and the loading of MnO2 on the CNTs reaches 84%. Furthermore, the supercapacitive performances were investigated by cyclic voltammogram (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The experimental results indicate that the composite exhibits not only high specific capacitance of 201 F g–1 and rate capability (the specific capacitance at 20 A g–1 is 70% of that at 1 A g–1), but also excellent cycle stability (no obvious capacitance decay after 10 000 cycles at 1 A g–1). An asymmetric electrochemical capacitor was assembled by using the obtained MnO2/CNTs composite.
Suspension characterization as important key for toxicological investigations

To assess potential health risks of nanoparticles by means of in vitro or in vivo assays and to determine dose-action curves a defined and reproducible method of particle administration is required. The interpretation of the toxicological results should be based on a comprehensive chemical-physical characterization of the particles used. Therefore, we developed a method to suspend nanoparticles stably and homogenously in physiological media. Our approach consist of three steps: (1) physical-chemical characterisation of the powders as delivered, (2) preparation and characterization of a non-physiological electro-statically stabilized nanoparticle suspension and (3) assessment of the nanoparticles behaviour in physiological media with or without proteins. This approach is demonstrated on a titanium dioxide and a tungsten carbide nanopowder. Results showed that particles agglomerate in protein-free medium within minutes, whereas in the presence of bovine serum albumin or foetal bovine serum an agglomeration is hindered.
Evaluation of Ethylcellulose as A Matrix for Prolonged Release Formulations. I. Water Soluble Drugs: Acetaminophen and Theophylline

AbstractIn this study ethylcellulose was evaluated as a carrier for the preparation of prolonged release solid dispersions of relatively water soluble drugs, acetaminophen and theophylline. The solid dispersions containing various concentrations (7.5, 15.0 and 30.0 % by weight of drug) of ethylcellulose of different viscosity grades (21, 95, 209 and 350 cps) were prepared by the solvent method. The concentration of polymer in the formulation was the determining factor in controlling release rate of the drug, as the results indicate prolongation in release of the drug with increase in amount of ethylcellulose. The higher the viscosity grade of ethylcellulose, slower the release of drug from the solid dispersions. The release of drug from the tablets was more prolonged compared to the granular solid dispersions. In vitro release of acetaminophen and theophylline was more or less similar in both dissolution media. The viscosity grade of ethylcellulose showed slight influence on the release rate of drug from .
Effects of Forms and Rates of Zinc Fertilizers on Cadmium Concentrations in Two Cultivars of Maize

Abstract A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of three soluble zinc (Zn) fertilizers on cadmium (Cd) concentrations in two genotypes of maize (Zea mays): Jidan 209 and Changdan 374. Zinc fertilizers were added to soil at four levels: 0, 80, 160, and 240 mg kg−1 soil as nitrate [Zn(NO3)2], chloride (ZnCl2), and sulfate (ZnSO4). Cadmium nitrate [Cd(NO3)2] was added to all the treatments at a uniform rate equivalent to 10 mg kg−1 soil. The biomass of maize plants was increased with the application of three zinc fertilizers, of which Zn(NO3)2 yielded more than others. Under ZnCl2 treatment, plant growth was promoted at the lower level and depressed at the higher one. All the three fertilizers decreased Cd concentration in shoots in comparison with treatments without Zn, but there were variations with different forms, especially in plants treated with Zn(NO3)2, which had the minimal value. The orders of average Cd concentration in shoots with different zinc fertilizers were ZnSO4>ZnCl2>Zn(NO3)2 for Jidan 209 and ZnCl2>ZnSO4>Zn(NO3)2 for Changdan 374, respectively (P<0.001). There was no significant difference between ZnSO4 and ZnCl2 treatments. The lowest Cd concentration in shoots was found in the 80‐mg‐kg−1 soil or 160‐mg‐kg−1 soil treatment. Cadmium concentration in roots in the presence of ZnCl2 was the lowest and under ZnSO4 the highest. The mechanism involved needs to be studied to elucidate the characteristics of complexation of Cl− and SO4 2− with Cd in plants and their influence on transfer from roots to shoots.
Microdomain morphology analysis of block copolymers by atomic force microscopy with phase detection imaging

We use atomic force microscopy (AFM) with phase detection imaging (PDI) in order to study the surface microdomain morphology of thick (i.e., ca. 2 mm) films of triblock copolymers. We present here the results obtained on a poly(methyl methacrylate)-block-polybutadiene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA-b-PBD-b-PMMA) copolymer prepared by using a 1,3-diisopropenylbenzene (DIB)-based difunctional anionic initiator. Our data illustrate the interest of PDI for the elucidation of surface phase separation in block copolymers. We show that the surface of thick films studied by this new technique exhibits a two-phase structure corresponding to the two types of components.
Caracterizacion bioquimica y propiedades inmunologicas de los polisacaridos haptenicos de brucella

En extractos no hidroliticos de celulas lisas (s) de brucella se detecto por doble difusion en gel (ddg) con sueros de animales infectados un polisacarido haptenico nativo (nh), ademas del lipopolisacarido (lps). Estos extractos contenian, ademas, un glucano circular serologicamente inactivo. Por 13c-nmr, en nh era un homopolimero de n-formil-perosamina en enlaces alfa-1,2 (b. Abortus 2308, biotipo 1) o alfa-1,2 y alfa-1,3 (b. Melitensis 16m, biotipo 1), carecia de 2-ceto- 3-deoxioctonato (kdo) y por ddg formaba una linea de precipitacion a concentraciones tan bajas como 2,5 ug/ml. Por hplc (tsk 2000 sw- 175 mm nac1), el peso molecular fue 14.500 (b. Melitensis 16m) o 10.000 (b. Abortus 2308) y por hptlc se observo heterogeneidad. En contraste con estos resultados, el polisacarido (ps) obtenido por hidrolisis acetica del lps-s de b. Abortus 2308 libre de nh tenia un 0,62% de kdo, su concentracion minima activa por ddg era 60 veces superior que la del nh y tenia un peso molecular de 13.200. El polisacarido obtenido de b. Abortus 2308 por hidrolisis acetica de celulas enteras presento valores de kdo (0,2%), concentracion minima activa en ddg (80 ug/ml) y peso molecular (11.000) intermedios entre los del nh y el ps, lo que sugiere que se trata de una mezcla de nh y ps. Una molecula semejante al nh se identifico en yersinia enterocolitica serotipo 9. Tras fraccionamiento fisico de las celulas, el nh de brucella fue localizado en la membrana externa y este resultado se confirmo con experimentos de marcaje extrinseco con biotina-hidrazida. Por hplc, se observo que en medios con baja fuerza ionica el nh se autoagregaba e interaccionaba con el lps-s, lo que podria explicar su anclaje a la membrana externa. Tambien se obtuvo evidencia de la existencia de un nh unido a un lipido. Al contrario de lps-s, el nh puro no unio polimixima b ni factores reactivos derivados del complemento serico, y dada su localizacion en la bacteria es p
Elongated Lifetime of Unstable Colored Species by Intermolecular Hydrogen Bond Formation in Photochromic Crystals

The crystallization of N-3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene-3-carboxyaniline (1) from a methanol solution gave three crystal forms, 1α, 1β, and 1γ. The colorless 1α and pale yellow 1β turned red when th.
Preparation and Characterization of Poly (D,L-Lactide-co-Glycolide) (PLGA) Nanoparticles Loaded with Linamarin for Controlled Drug Release

Poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles loaded with linamarin as a model drug were successfully prepared using the double emulsion solvent evaporation technique. The physicochemical characterization of the formulated nanoparticles revealed that they were spherical, nonaggregated, and negatively charged, with good drug encapsulation efficiencies (>50%) and average particle sizes <200 nm. Interestingly, all the nanoparticles exhibited dibasic release profiles with a starting burst release within the first 8 h, followed by a controlled release phase lasting four days. Thus, linamarin-loaded nanoparticles indicate a promising candidate for controlled drug release applications.
TURBULENT PIPE FLOW OF DILUTE POLYMER SOLUTIONS

Literature Cited 1) Astakhov, V.A. , M. M. Dubinin and P. G. Romankov: Theor. Osn. Khim. Techn. , 3, 292 (1969) 2) Dubinin, M. M. : Chem. Rev., 60, 235 (1960) 3) Dubinin, M. M. : "Chemistry and Physics of Carbon", Vol. 2 (P. L. Walker ed.) p. 51, Marcel Dekker (1966) 4) Dubinin, M. M. : "Adsorption-Desorption Phenomena" (Ricca ed.), p. 3, Academic Press (1972) 5) Dubinin, M. M. and V. A. Astakhov: "Molecular Sieve Zeolites II", Adv. Ser. 102, p 69 (1971) 6) Eguchi, Y. : Kagaku Kojo, 13, No. 9, 45 (1969) 7) Eguchi, Y. : /. Japan Petrol Inst. , 13, 106 (1970) 8) Kawazoe, K. , Y. A. Astakhov, T. Kawai and Y. Eguchi: Kagaku Kogaku, 35, 1006 (1971) 9) Kawazoe, K. and T. Kawai: Seisan Kenkyu, 25, 513 (1973)
Thin aluminum nitride film resonators: miniaturized high sensitivity mass sensors

A miniaturized piezoelectric mass sensor has been developed that displays a very high mass sensitivity, S{sub m}. The sensor is based upon thin film resonator (TFR) technology, which is used to produce a gold-coated thin film (5.5 {mu}m) resonator (TFR) of piezoelectric aluminum nitride in the shape of 400-{mu}m squares. At this thickness, the TFRs support a standing bulk acoustic wave in a longitudinal mode at frequencies of {approximately} 1 GHz. Coatings of poly(methyl methacrylate) and spontaneously adsorbed monolayers from alkanethiols (CH{sub 3}-(CH{sub 2}){sub n}SH, n = 3,17) were used for the evaluation of S{sub m}. Results indicated that the S{sub m} ({approximately} -550 cm{sup 2}/g) of the TFRs rivals those of the most sensitive mass sensors currently available, while offering such performance in a markedly smaller device. Coatings were also used to sorb a gaseous analyte (i.e. methanol) at the TFRs to test their potential as gas-phase sensors. Tests conducted using monolayers formed by the chemisorption of a fluorinated thiol (CF{sub 3}(CF{sub 2}){sub 7}(CH{sub 2}){sub 2}-SH) and an acid-terminated thiol (HO{sub 2}C(CH{sub 2}){sub 15}SH) at the gold electrodes demonstrated both the performance of the TFRs and a primitive manipulation of the sorption selectivity of the interfacial structure. Possible applicationsmore » of the TFRs as mass sensors are examined based upon their high mass sensitivity and compatibility for device integration using semiconductor processing technology. 51 refs., 4 figs., 2 tabs. « less
Modified Polyol-Mediated Synthesis of Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles as the Photoanode in Dye Solar Cells (DSCs)

Synthesis of nanoscale TiO2 exhibiting specific properties of electron or ion conductivity is critical to improve the performance of dye solar cells (DSC). This paper presents the modified polyol-mediated synthesis of doped TiO2 nanoparticles. TiO2 samples were doped with cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) and the effects of calcination temperature (550 °C and 650 °C) on the crystallinity of pure samples were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was used to determine the effect of dopant in lattice structure. The morphology and Crystal structure of TiO2 samples and their chemical analysis was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometer respectively. Results show agglomeration of spherical particles in all doped samples. Crystal structure in the doped samples reveals modified phases and major crystal phase identical to anatase. It is observed that the molar ratio of water to metal can control the nucleation and growth and prevents significant agglomeration of nanoparticles. More effective doping was recorded for samples with 0.5 % concentration. Effective hydroxyl group is detected in both 0.5% Ni and Co promising good photocatalytic material. SEM images of 0.2% Ni-doped sample shows smallest average particle size.
Subacute oral administration of low dose 17 β -estradiol or 17 α -ethinyl estradiol does not markedly alter the immune system of young adult and aged C57BL/6 mice

Due to growing awareness that estrogens and their metabolites are leaked into the environment at low concentrations through wastewater and agricultural run-off, it is increasingly important to examine the potential adverse health effects of environmental exposure to estrogens. Little attention has been paid to the immunological effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE), potent modulators of the immune system. Does exposure to E2 or EE at low concentrations for a subacute duration affect this system? Are the effects similar for both hormones and between genders? Are these effects similar in young and aged mice? These questions were addressed here, where 10 ng kg−1 BW of E2, EE, or vehicle were orally administered every other day for 21 days to young (6-week-old) and aged (>15-month-old) C57BL/6 mice. As expected, significant gender and age-related differences were noted with regard to thymus weight, thymocyte recovery, spleen weight, and splenocyte recovery. However, low dose treatment of E2 or EE produced no marked effects on the thymus or spleen organ to body weight ratios, cell numbers, or lymphocyte subsets. Low dose oral estrogens did not noticeably alter the ability of activated splenocytes to induce interferon-γ or nitric oxide. In summary, our studies of young and aged C57BL/6 mice suggest that low dose subacute exposure to E2 or EE did not markedly affect lymphoid organs (thymus or spleen weight) or lymphocyte subsets.